cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gtkcft
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pseudantechinus mimulus)",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025627-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vfd6z7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pseudantechinus mimulus)",
 "Country is one of (Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United States of America)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025625-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.294cq4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pseudantechinus mimulus)",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025626-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.25345/c5z02zn6z
title: MassIVE MSV000098760 - Cell envelope maintenance by PhoP is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis methylglyoxal resistance
title: During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections bacteria are engulfed by macrophages, a main line of defense against invading pathogens. Upon activation, macrophages increase glycolysis producing the antibacterial aldehyde methylglyoxal. To test if bacterial methylglyoxal resistance is required for robust infections, we sought to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis defense mechanisms against methylglyoxal. We identified phoP mutants were among the most highly sensitive strains to methylglyoxal in vitro. phoP mutants are attenuated in mice but were even more attenuated in mice that accumulate methylglyoxal. We further found phoP bacilli exhibited increased membrane permeability and were more permeable to methylglyoxal. Suppressor mutations in the fatty acid Beta-oxidation genes fadE25 or fixB restored impermeability and resistance to methylglyoxal to a phoP mutant. Together, our data show that a major virulence role for PhoP is to provide Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to methylglyoxal toxicity in vivo by regulating cell envelope integrity.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.asxe2z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Leptobotia posterodorsalis)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence, Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1991",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025628-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e9x4dm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pseudantechinus mimulus)",
 "Country is one of (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, French Southern Territories, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025630-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8jew67
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pseudantechinus mimulus)",
 "Country is one of (Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025631-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9kn595
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 117 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pseudantechinus mimulus)",
 "Country is one of (American Samoa, Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 117 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025633-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3886/e228102v1
title: Data and Code for: Text as Data in Economic Analysis

description: This is data and code accompanying the article, which discusses how to apply computational linguistics techniques to analyze largely unstructured corporate-generated text for economic analysis. As a core example, we illustrate how textual analysis of earnings conference call transcripts can provide insights into how markets and individual firms respond to economic shocks, such as a nuclear disaster or a geopolitical event: insights that often elude traditional non-text data sources. This approach enables extracting actionable intelligence, supporting both policy-making and strategic corporate decision-making. We also explore applications using other sources of corporate-generated text, including patent documents and job postings. By incorporating computational linguistics techniques into the analysis of economic shocks, new opportunities arise for real-time economic data, offering a more nuanced understanding of market and firm responses in times of economic volatility.<br>
description: Not applicable<br>
description: Response Rates: Not applicable
description: Presence of Common Scales: Not applicable
description: Not applicable<br>
description: Firms, corporate representatives, and capital market participants (e.g., financial analysts). Smallest Geographic Unit: Headquarters state
description: other; Data included in the replication package are obtained from https://www.nlanalytics.tech/, Hassan et al. 2024 (Review of Economic Studies), Kalyani et al. 2025 (Quarterly Journal of Economics), Bloom et al. 2021 (NBER Working Paper No. 28999)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sxxche
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21335 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Eustrephus latifolius"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21335 records from 58 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025632-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n5f4z9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3352 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-78.91095 63.11031,-81.45185 62.5563,-81.09222 55.29966,-81.90976 45.72632,-80.68345 44.76704,-79.50042 43.31936,-77.29893 43.37185,-76.82977 43.65974,-74.88092 44.97654,-71.56065 44.97654,-70.47795 45.7625,-69.15569 46.77355,-63.95448 47.41176,-62.57775 46.72892,-61.45737 46.89977,-60.18031 47.47372,-59.61517 48.42782,-56.16487 51.63573,-53.4832 53.95156,-62.08612 60.22671,-67.15384 61.26671,-72.12021 62.8802,-78.91095 63.11031))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Frangula alnus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3352 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025634-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.56wqwz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Epiplatys njalaensis)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence, Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1991",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025636-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4296ym
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 151586 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Quiscalus lugubris)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 151586 records from 125 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025610-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29852750
title: Supplemental material of How Omniscient Debuggers Impact Debugging Behavior

description: Debugging is an essential yet often tedious part of the software development process. Omniscient debuggers have long aimed to make debugging easier by recording execution traces, enabling more direct debugging interactions. Although the concept of omniscient debugging has been explored extensively in research, it has seen limited adoption in industry until recently. The emergence of new commercial tools like Replay presents an opportunity to reevaluate the impact of omniscient debugging. In this paper, we conducted a controlled experiment with 20 participants with a commercial omniscient debugger, Replay, and a traditional debugger, Chrome DevTools. We investigated whether the omniscient debugger improved developer productivity and how it influenced debugging behavior. We coded developers' navigation, rerun, and runtime value collection behaviors and summarized their debugging strategies. Our results show that developers with the omniscient debugger were not more successful or faster than those using the traditional debugger. Omniscient debugger users reran the program less, but there was no significant difference in the number of files or functions they explored or the number of runtime values they collected. Omniscient debugger users faced navigation and runtime value collection challenges, which may have hindered their effectiveness. Our results suggest that commercial omniscient debuggers must include more of the high-level support for interacting with traces found in research prototypes to successfully help developers in debugging tasks.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29852750.v1
title: Supplemental material of How Omniscient Debuggers Impact Debugging Behavior

description: Debugging is an essential yet often tedious part of the software development process. Omniscient debuggers have long aimed to make debugging easier by recording execution traces, enabling more direct debugging interactions. Although the concept of omniscient debugging has been explored extensively in research, it has seen limited adoption in industry until recently. The emergence of new commercial tools like Replay presents an opportunity to reevaluate the impact of omniscient debugging. In this paper, we conducted a controlled experiment with 20 participants with a commercial omniscient debugger, Replay, and a traditional debugger, Chrome DevTools. We investigated whether the omniscient debugger improved developer productivity and how it influenced debugging behavior. We coded developers' navigation, rerun, and runtime value collection behaviors and summarized their debugging strategies. Our results show that developers with the omniscient debugger were not more successful or faster than those using the traditional debugger. Omniscient debugger users reran the program less, but there was no significant difference in the number of files or functions they explored or the number of runtime values they collected. Omniscient debugger users faced navigation and runtime value collection challenges, which may have hindered their effectiveness. Our results suggest that commercial omniscient debuggers must include more of the high-level support for interacting with traces found in research prototypes to successfully help developers in debugging tasks.<br>
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jdctf2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 83 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-78.91095 63.11031,-81.45185 62.5563,-81.09222 55.29966,-81.90976 45.72632,-80.68345 44.76704,-79.50042 43.31936,-77.29893 43.37185,-76.82977 43.65974,-74.88092 44.97654,-71.56065 44.97654,-70.47795 45.7625,-69.15569 46.77355,-63.95448 47.41176,-62.57775 46.72892,-61.45737 46.89977,-60.18031 47.47372,-59.61517 48.42782,-56.16487 51.63573,-53.4832 53.95156,-62.08612 60.22671,-67.15384 61.26671,-72.12021 62.8802,-78.91095 63.11031))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Reynoutria bohemica"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 83 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025638-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/12702745
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rmd6mh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1009 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-78.91095 63.11031,-81.45185 62.5563,-81.09222 55.29966,-81.90976 45.72632,-80.68345 44.76704,-79.50042 43.31936,-77.29893 43.37185,-76.82977 43.65974,-74.88092 44.97654,-71.56065 44.97654,-70.47795 45.7625,-69.15569 46.77355,-63.95448 47.41176,-62.57775 46.72892,-61.45737 46.89977,-60.18031 47.47372,-59.61517 48.42782,-56.16487 51.63573,-53.4832 53.95156,-62.08612 60.22671,-67.15384 61.26671,-72.12021 62.8802,-78.91095 63.11031))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Myriophyllum spicatum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1009 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025637-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/hhq5g5
title: Odonata Collection of Zoology Museum - Sapienza University

description: Collection of mainly Italian Odonata specimens, conserved at the Sapienza University Museum of Zoology, collected in the period from 1947 to 2009.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16762362
title: Supplementary material for: 20 years of disk winds in 4U 1630−47 - I. Long-term behavior and influence of hard X-rays

description: Supplementary material for the paper, including the full Appendixes C and D
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16762363
title: Supplementary material for: 20 years of disk winds in 4U 1630−47 - I. Long-term behavior and influence of hard X-rays

description: Supplementary material for the paper, including the full Appendixes C and D
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wunpfz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Chloebia gouldiae)",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025640-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gna73e
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Chloebia gouldiae)",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025641-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r8zu6n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Chloebia gouldiae)",
 "Country is one of (Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United States of America)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025639-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uqm4j5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 140 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Quoyornis georgianus)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 140 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025642-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9wtfhv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Hypostomus johnii)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence, Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1991",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025643-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.