cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cjsxksn53
title: Data from: Associations between testosterone and immune activity in alligators depend on bacteria species and temperature

description: Males often use elaborate sexual traits to enhance reproduction, but can
 experience trade-offs between investment in these traits and other
 physiological needs. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH)
 postulates that testosterone supports development of sexual traits while
 also suppressing immunity. While the ICHH implicates testosterone-mediated
 immunosuppression as a key mechanism of honest signaling in males,
 conflicting patterns across studies suggest that testosterone-immunity
 interactions are complex. In this study, we test the ICHH in free-ranging
 alligators and examine how intrinsic (steroid hormone levels) and
 extrinsic (temperature) factors modulate testosterone-immunity
 relationships. Specifically, we quantified simultaneous effects of
 testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on killing capacity of
 plasma against three bacteria species at two challenge temperatures. We
 found that DHEA was important in predicting the effects of testosterone on
 killing capacity. Further, testosterone-mediated effects were dependent on
 both temperature and bacteria species. Our results highlight the context
 dependency of interactions between testosterone and immunity, and
 illustrate the importance of evaluating the ICHH in natural systems to
 identify key intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating
 testosterone-immunity trade-offs.
description: Killing_E.coli Killing_S.typhimurium
 Killing_K.pneumoniae
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqq0
title: Changes in arthropod community but not plant quality benefit a specialist herbivore on plants under reduced water availability

description: Plants growing under reduced water availability can affect insect
 herbivores differently, in some instances benefitting them. However, the
 forces mediating these positive impacts remain mostly unclear. To identify
 how water availability impacts plant quality and multitrophic
 interactions, we conducted manipulative field studies with two populations
 of the specialist herbivore Pieris rapae, and its host plant, Rorippa
 indica. We found that P. rapae larvae experienced higher survival on R.
 indica growing under low water availability compared with plants grown
 under high water availability. Higher survival of eggs and larvae was
 related to the reduced abundance of other herbivores and natural enemies.
 Water availability had differential impacts on other members of the
 herbivore community by altering plant quality. Low water availability
 decreased the quality of R. indica to most herbivores, as indicated by
 reduced abundance in the field and decreased relative growth rate in
 laboratory feeding assays. In contrast, P. rapae larval performance was
 not affected by sympatric R. indica grown under different water
 availability. These results indicate that local P. rapae populations
 possess physiological adaptations to overcome fluctuations in host
 quality. Our findings illustrate that reduced water availability is
 beneficial to a specialist herbivore but detrimental to most other
 herbivores. Our work highlights the complex effects of the arthropod
 communities associated with plants in determining the impacts of water
 availability on insect herbivores.
description: This dataset contains the data and codes in the paper
 titled: Changes in arthropod community but not plant quality benefit a
 specialist herbivore on plants under reduced water availability. Please
 refer to the paper in journal Oecologia for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6q573n5xr
title: Analysing landscape effects on dispersal networks and gene flow with genetic graphs

description: Graph-theoretic approaches have relevant applications in landscape genetic
 analyses. When species form populations in discrete habitat patches,
 genetic graphs can be used i) to identify direct dispersal paths followed
 by propagules or ii) to quantify landscape effects on multigenerational
 gene flow. However, the influence of their construction parameters remains
 to be explored. Using a simulation approach, we constructed genetic graphs
 using several pruning methods (geographical distance thresholds,
 topological constraints, statistical inference) and genetic distances to
 weight graph links (FST, DPS, Euclidean genetic distances). We then
 compared the capacity of these different graphs to i) identify the precise
 topology of the dispersal network and ii) to infer landscape resistance to
 gene flow from the relationship between cost-distances and genetic
 distances. Although not always clear-cut, our results showed that methods
 based on geographical distance thresholds seem to better identify
 dispersal networks in most cases. More interestingly, our study
 demonstrates that a subselection of pairwise distances through graph
 pruning (thereby reducing the number of data points) can
 counter-intuitively lead to improved inferences of landscape effects on
 dispersal. Finally, we showed that genetic distances such as the DPS or
 Euclidean genetic distances should be preferred over the FST for landscape
 effect inference as they respond faster to landscape changes.
description: This dataset was created through simulations of landscapes and
 simulations of gene flow between populations using CDPOP
 software.
description: The provided codes can be used in R. Yet, some commands are
 specifically adapted to be used in a calculation cluster. Graphab software
 should downloaded either using graph4lg package or in Graphab
 website.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kh189324f
title: Variation in leaf temperatures of tropical and subtropical trees are related to leaf thermoregulatory traits and not geographic distributions dataset

description: To predict the effects of global warming on plants, previous studies have
 investigated how the distributions and physiological performances of
 plants relate to environmental temperatures. This approach implicitly
 assumes that leaf temperatures are tightly linked with regional air
 temperatures. However, the thermoregulatory behaviors and physical
 properties of leaves can differ greatly between species, leading to
 different plants having different leaf temperatures even when occurring
 under similar conditions. It is important to understand this variation in
 leaf thermoregulatory traits and temperatures in order to predict how
 individual species will be impacted by global warming. We measured the
 thermal properties of leaves from &gt;50 tropical and subtropical tree
 species grown at the Gifford Arboretum (Florida, USA). For each species we
 measured maximum leaf temperature and rate of leaf warming using a new
 standardized protocol to control for both environmental variation and
 select plant thermoregulatory behaviors. We tested the relationships
 between the thermal variables and several leaf functional traits. Even
 under laboratory-controlled conditions, leaf temperatures varied by over
 8.5oC amongst species. Maximum leaf temperature was positively correlated
 with leaf area and rate of leaf warming was negatively correlated with
 water content per leaf area. This suggests that some species may be able
 to offset rising air temperatures through acclimation or adaptation of
 leaf properties. Next, we tested the relationships between the species’
 leaf thermal properties and their climatic niches/distributions, but we
 found no significant associations. These results call into question the
 use of regional air temperatures to model plant physiological and
 demographic performance.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhhst
title: Genotype, spatial and morphological data of adults and progeny in a natural population of Leucadendron rubrum

description: We provide a dataset containing data on both female and male plants
 measured in a natural population of Leucadendron rubrum about plant
 architecture, and leaf morphology, thus informing about sexual dimorphism
 in this species. Genotypes of these males and females on eight
 microsatellites combined with corresponding genotype data in their progeny
 permits to undertake parentage analyses. Finally, the spatial distribution
 of both parents and juveniles allows to account for potential spatial
 biases in sampling juveniles in parentage analyses.
description: This dataset was collected by measuring plant traits in a natural
 population of Leucadendron rubrum in South-Africa (33°32'21.25''S
 19°10'12.10''E) about their
 canopy morphology. Several leaves of each plant were collected,
 photographied and measured using ImageJ. Finally, the spatial location of
 each adults and their progeny were mapped and their leaves were sampled
 for subsequent DNA extraction and microsatellite amplification.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xck
title: Data from: Responses of native and invasive woody seedlings to combined competition and drought are species-specific

description: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought
 on the interactions between native and invasive tree species. Organic and
 inorganic net N uptake capacity and total soluble protein as well as total
 soluable amino acid contents were quantified in leaves and fine roots of
 the native species Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L. and Pinus
 sylvestris L.) and the invasive species Prunus serotina Ehrh. and Robinia
 pseudoacacia L.. We used a fully orthogonal design with the factors ´water
 availability´ (i.e. control or drought) and ´competitor´ (i.e.
 interspecific competition with two or three different competitors). For
 each species combination, half of the pots did not receive any irrigation
 for the duration of the experiment, while the other half was watered with
 tap water every second day. Organic and inorganic net N uptake capacity
 was quantified using 15N/13C, N metabolites were quantified
 photometrically. Growth was reduced as a result of competition. Inorganic
 and organic net N uptake capacity did not change depending on the
 competitor, but was reduced with drought. Similarly, growth and total
 soluble protein-N levels were negatively affected by drought, whereas
 total soluble amino acid-N levels increased. The effects of drought were
 found across all species.
description: see publication in Tree Physiology for full description of
 methods
description: Missing data are denoted by "NA".
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xsd9bw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 336 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Anisoptera thurifera polyandra"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 336 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002716-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqzw
title: Successful biological control of winter moth, Operophtera brumata, in the northeastern United States

description: Winter moth, Operophtera brumata, native to Europe, invaded the
 northeastern United States in the late 1990s, where it caused widespread
 defoliation of forests and shade trees ranging from 2,266 to 36,360 ha per
 year between 2003 and 2015 in Massachusetts. In 2005, we initiated a
 biological control effort based on the specialist tachinid parasitoid
 Cyzenis albicans, which had previously been introduced along with the
 generalist ichneumonid parasitoid Agrypon flaveolatum to control winter
 moth in Nova Scotia in the 1950s and British Columbia in the 1970s. Due to
 concerns of possible non-target impacts by A. flaveolatum, we focused
 entirely on the specialist C. albicans. Each year for 14 years, we
 collected several thousand individuals of C. albicans from British
 Columbia and released them across widely-spaced sites in the northeastern
 United States. As of 2020, we had established C. albicans at 41 of 44
 sites from coastal Maine to southeastern Connecticut. By 2016 winter moth
 densities (pupae/m2) had declined from 100-500 pupae/m2 to 0-10 pupae/m2
 at six widely spaced release sites and was coincident with the onset of
 10-40% parasitism. At one site in Wellesley, Massachusetts, this decline
 occurred in 2012 and winter moth densities have remained low for seven
 subsequent years. Defoliation in Massachusetts has been reduced to
 undetectable levels since 2016. DNA sequencing of the barcoding region of
 the mitochondrial gene CO1 confirmed that all C. albicans reared from
 winter moth matched the C. albicans collected from Vancouver Island and
 were distinct from parasitic flies (presumably a native species) reared
 from a native congener of winter moth, Bruce spanworm (O. bruceata).
 Successful establishment of C. albicans on winter moth represents a rare,
 if not the only, example of the biological control of a major forest
 defoliator that attacks a wide range of tree species anywhere in the world
 by the establishment of a single specialist natural enemy.
description: See the methods section of the corresponding manuscript. 
description: We have uploaded a ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69ph3
title: Introductory gestures before songbird vocal displays are shaped by learning and biological predispositions

description: Numerous animal displays begin with introductory gestures. For example,
 lizards start their head-bobbing displays with introductory push-ups and
 many songbirds begin their vocal displays by repeating introductory notes
 (INs) before producing their learned song. Among songbirds, the acoustic
 structure and the number of INs produced before song vary considerably
 between individuals in a species. While similar variation in songs between
 individuals is a result of learning, whether variation in INs are also due
 to learning remains poorly understood. Here, using natural and
 experimental tutoring with male zebra finches, we show that mean IN number
 and IN acoustic structure are learned from a tutor. Interestingly, IN
 properties and how well INs were learned, was not correlated with the
 accuracy of song imitation and only weakly correlated with some features
 of songs that followed. Finally, birds artificially tutored with songs
 lacking INs still repeated vocalizations that resembled INs, before their
 songs, suggesting biological predispositions in IN production. These
 results demonstrate that INs, just like song elements, are shaped both by
 learning and biological predispositions. More generally, our results
 suggest mechanisms for generating variation in introductory gestures
 between individuals while still maintaining the species-specific structure
 of complex displays like birdsong.
description: All of the
 songs used in this study were collected in the undirected condition (i.e.
 when no other bird was present).  Data_ProceedingsB_RSPB-2020-2796.zip contains data and matlab script files for generating all of the main and supplementary figures. Data are in the form of .mat files that contain all of the necessary variables related to the analysis. In addition, for each bird we have included text files that provide details for all song bouts used for analysis. Specifically, these files have onset and offset times, and syllable identity labels for all syllables.  We have provided a detailed ReadMe that describes usage of scripts and provides details of data.  
description: A ReadMe file has been included along with the data and this
 provides details on usage of scripts/data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0p8j
title: Morphology of parotoid glands in cane toads

description: If optimal investment in anti-predator defences depends on predation risk,
 invading new regions (and thus, encountering different predators) may
 favour shifts in that investment. Cane toads offer an ideal system to test
 this prediction: expensive anti-predator toxins are stored mainly in
 parotoid glands whose dimensions are easy to measure, and toad invasions
 have changed the suites of predators they encounter. Although plasticity
 may influence parotoid morphology, comparisons between parents and progeny
 revealed that gland dimensions were highly heritable. That heritability
 supports the plausibility of an evolved basis to variation in gland
 dimensions. Measurements of 3,779 adult toads show that females have
 larger glands than males, invasive populations have larger glands than in
 the native-range, and that parotoid sexual size dimorphism varies strongly
 among invaded areas. Geographic variation in parotoid morphology may be
 driven by predation risk to both adult toads and offspring (provisioned
 with toxins by their mother), with toxins allocated to eggs exacerbating
 the risk of cannibalism but reducing the risk of interspecific predation.
 Investment into chemical defences has evolved rapidly during the cane
 toad’s international diaspora, consistent with the hypothesis that
 organisms flexibly adjust resource allocation to anti-predator tactics in
 response to novel challenges.
description: Measurements on live and preserved toads, to quantify length and
 width of parotoid glands.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhc6
title: A comprehensive approach to detect hybridization sheds light on the evolution of Earth’s largest lizards

description: Hybridization between species occurs more frequently in vertebrates than
 traditionally thought, but distinguishing ancient hybridization from other
 phenomena that generate similar evolutionary patterns remains challenging.
 Here, we used a comprehensive workflow to discover evidence of ancient
 hybridization between the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) from
 Indonesia and a common ancestor of an Australian group of monitor lizards
 known colloquially as sand monitors. Our data comprise &gt;300 nuclear
 loci, mitochondrial genomes, phenotypic data, fossil and contemporary
 records, and past/present climatic data. We show that the four sand
 monitor species share more nuclear alleles with V. komodoensis than
 expected given a bifurcating phylogeny, likely as a result of
 hybridization between the latter species and a common ancestor of sand
 monitors. Sand monitors display phenotypes that are intermediate between
 their closest relatives and V. komodoensis. Biogeographic analyses suggest
 that V. komodoensis and ancestral sand monitors co-occurred in northern
 Australia. In agreement with the fossil record, this provides further
 evidence that the Komodo dragon once inhabited the Australian continent.
 Our study shows how different sources of evidence can be used to
 thoroughly characterize evolutionary histories that deviate from a
 treelike pattern, that hybridization can have long-lasting effects on
 phenotypes, and that detecting hybridization can improve our understanding
 of evolutionary and biogeographic patterns.
description: <strong>Appendix:</strong> Contains Supplementary
 Materials and Methods, Supplementary Discussion, Supplementary Figures,
 Supplementary Tables, and Supplementary References.
 <strong>Mitochondrial_Genomes_Alignment.fas:</strong>
 Alignment of mitochondrial genomes in FASTA format.
 <strong>ND2_Alignment.fas:</strong> Alignment of
 <em>ND2</em> used for mitochondrial introgression test in
 FASTA format.
 <strong>Nuclear_Alignment.fas:</strong> Alignment of
 the full AHE dataset in FASTA format.
 <strong>Nuclear_Alignment_Partitions.txt:</strong>
 Text file indicating the position of each locus in the nuclear
 alignment.
 <strong>Time_calibrated_Species_Tree.tre:</strong>
 Time-calibrated species tree used in most downstream analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kd9p
title: Genotype data from: Restoration of transborder connectivity for Fennoscandian brown bears (Ursus arctos)

description: Knowledge about the connectivity among natural populations is essential to
 identify management units for effective conservation actions.
 Conservation-minded management has led to the recovery of large carnivore
 populations in northern Europe, possibly restoring connectivity between
 the two separated, but expanding brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations on
 the Scandinavian peninsula to the west and Karelia, a part of the large
 Eurasian population, to the east. The degree of connectivity between these
 populations has been poorly understood, therefore we investigated the
 extent of connectivity between the two populations using autosomal
 microsatellites and Y chromosome haplotypes in 924 male bears (the
 dispersing sex), sampled during a period of 12 years (2005-2017) across
 the transborder area where these two populations meet. Our results showed
 that the two populations are not genetically isolated as reported in
 earlier studies. We detected recent asymmetrical gene flow at a rate
 (individuals per generation) of 4.6-5.5 (1%) from Karelia into
 Scandinavia, whereas the rate was approximately 27.1-34.5 (8%) in the
 opposite direction. We estimated historical gene flow of effective number
 of migrants to be between 1.7 and 2.5 between the populations. Analyses of
 Y chromosome markers supported these results. Successful recovery and
 expansion of both populations led to the restoration of connectivity,
 however, it is asymmetric, possibly due to different recovery histories
 and population densities. By aligning monitoring between neighboring
 countries, we were able to better understand the biological processes
 across the relevant spatial scale.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tzym89
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cyclocarpa stellaris",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002717-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqzx
title: Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China

description: Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature
 relieve their limitations on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, while
 nutrient availability constrains the increasing plant photosynthesis more
 intensively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical for plant
 physiological activities and consequently regulates ecosystem
 productivity. Here, for the first time, we mapped N and P densities and
 concentrations of leaves, woody stems, roots, litter and soil in forest,
 shrubland and grassland ecosystems across China, based on an intensive
 investigation in 4,868 sites, covering species composition, biomass, and
 nutrient concentrations of different tissues of living plants, litter and
 soil. Forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems in China stored 6,803.6
 Tg N, with 6,635.2 Tg N (97.5%) fixed in soil (to a depth of one metre),
 and 27.7 Tg N (0.4%), 57.8 Tg N (0.8%), 71.2 Tg N (1%) and 11.7 Tg N
 (0.2%) in leaves, stems, roots and litter, respectively. The forest,
 shrubland and grassland ecosystems in China stored 2,806.0 Tg P, with
 2,786.1 Tg P (99.3%) fixed in soil (to a depth of one metre), and 2.7 Tg P
 (0.1%), 9.4 Tg P (0.3%), 6.7 Tg P (0.2%) and 1.0 Tg P (&lt; 0.1%) in
 leaves, stems, roots and litter, respectively. Our estimation showed that
 N pools were low in northern China except Changbai Mountains, Mount
 Tianshan and Mount Alta, while relatively higher values existed in eastern
 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. P densities in vegetation were higher
 towards the south and northeast part of China, while soil P density was
 higher towards the north and west part of China. These patterns of N and P
 densities could potentially improve existing earth system models and
 large-scale researches on ecosystem nutrients.