DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvtv
title: Data from: Experimental adaptation to singular pathogen challenge reduces susceptibility to novel pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster

description: In the wild, hosts often encounter and must respond to novel pathogens,
 that is pathogens that they have not encountered in recent evolutionary
 history, and therefore are not adapted to. How hosts respond to these
 novel pathogens and the outcome of such infections can be shaped by the
 host’s evolutionary history, especially by how well adapted the host is to
 its native pathogens, that is pathogens they have evolved with. Host
 adaptation to one pathogen can either increase its susceptibility to a
 novel pathogen, due to specialization of immune defenses and trade-offs
 between different arms of the immune system or can decrease susceptibility
 to novel pathogens by virtue of cross-resistance. Using
 laboratory Drosophila melanogaster populations, we explore if
 hosts experimentally adapted to survive infection challenges by a
 particular bacterial pathogen are also better at surviving infection
 challenges by novel bacterial pathogens. We found that such hosts can
 survive infection challenges by multiple novel pathogens, with the expanse
 of cross-resistance determined by the identity of the native pathogen and
 sex of the host. Therefore, we demonstrate that cross-resistance can
 evolve in host populations by virtue of adaptation to a single pathogen.
 This observation has important ecological consequences, especially in the
 modern era where spillover of novel pathogens is a common occurrence due
 to various factors, including climate change.
description: A. Details of fly populations
   EPN selection regime: The EPN
 selection regime consists of three populations (E, P, and N), each having
 four blocks (1-4). E populations are subjected to infection with bacteria
 <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> every generation; P populations
 are sham-infected controls; N populations are uninfected controls.
 Populations within each block (viz. E1, P1, and N1) share a common
 ancestor. Blocks serve as both evolutionary and experimental/statistical
 replicates. # IUS selection regime: The IUS
 selection regime consists of three populations (I, S, and U), each having
 four blocks (1-4). I populations are subjected to infection with bacteria
 <em>Pseudomonas entomophila</em> every generation; S
 populations are sham-infected controls; U populations are uninfected
 controls. Populations within each block (viz. I1, S1, and U1) share a
 common ancestor. Blocks serve as both evolutionary and
 experimental/statistical replicates.  
 B. Response to selection experiment
   EPN selection regime: Flies from all
 12 populations (3 populations X 4 blocks) were randomly distributed into 3
 treatments:  a. infected with bacteria Enterococcus
 faecalis (sample size = 200 males and 200 females), 
 b. sham-infected (sample size = 100 males and 100 females),
 and  c. uninfected (sample size = 100 males and 100
 females).  Post treatment flies were housed in
 cages (one cage per population per treatment per block), sexes being
 housed together.  Mortality was recorded at regular
 intervals till 96 hours post treatment; flies alive at 96 hours were right
 censored.  Experient was carried out after 35
 generations of forward selection. # IUS selection
 regime: Flies from all 12 populations (3 populations X 4 blocks) were
 randomly distributed into 2 treatments:  a.
 infected with bacteria <em>Pseudomonas entomophila</em>
 (sample size = 50 males and 50 females), and  b.
 sham-infected (sample size = 50 males and 50 females). 
 Post treatment flies were housed in cages (one cage per
 population per treatment per block), sexes being housed
 together.  Mortality was recorded at regular
 intervals till 96 hours post treatment; flies alive at 96 hours were right
 censored.  Experiment was carried out after 160
 generations of forward selection.  
 C. Cross-resistance experiment
   EPN selection regime: Flies from E and
 P populations (all four blocks) were randomly distributed into 7
 treatments: a. infected with bacteria
 <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt;sample size = 50 males and
 50 females), b. infected with bacteria
 <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> (Ml; sample size = 50 males and 50
 females), c. infected with bacteria
 <em>Staphylococcus succinus</em> (Ss; sample size = 50 males
 and 50 females), d. infected with bacteria
 <em>Erwinia c. carotovora</em> (Ecc; sample size = 50 males
 and 50 females), e. infected with bacteria
 <em>Pseudomonas entomophila</em> (Pe; sample size = 50 males
 and 50 females), f. infected with bacteria
 <em>Providencia rettgeri</em> (Pr; sample size = 50 males and
 50 females), and g. sham-infected (sample size = 50
 males and 50 females). Post treatment flies were
 housed in cages (one cage per population per treatment per block), sexes
 being housed together.  Mortality was recorded at
 regular intervals till 96 hours post treatment; flies alive at 96 hours
 were right censored.  Experient was carried out
 after 40 generations of forward selection. # IUS
 selection regime: Flies from I and S populations (all four blocks) were
 randomly distributed into 7 treatments: a. infected
 with bacteria <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt;sample size
 = 50 males and 50 females), b. infected with
 bacteria <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> (Ml; sample size = 50
 males and 50 females),  c. infected with bacteria
 <em>Staphylococcus succinus</em> (Ss; sample size = 50 males
 and 50 females), d. infected with bacteria
 <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (Ef; sample size = 50 males and
 50 females), e. infected with bacteria
 <em>Erwinia c. carotovora</em> (Ecc; sample size = 50 males
 and 50 females), f. infected with bacteria
 <em>Providencia rettgeri</em> (Pr; sample size = 50 males and
 50 females), and g. sham-infected (sample size = 50
 males and 50 females). Post treatment flies were
 housed in cages (one cage per population per treatment per block), sexes
 being housed together.  Mortality was recorded at
 regular intervals till 96 hours post treatment; flies alive at 96 hours
 were right censored.  Experient was carried out
 after 160 generations of forward selection.
description: # Experimental adaptation to singular pathogen challenge reduces
 susceptibility to novel pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster.
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvtv](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvtv) ## Description of the data and file structure This file ("Selection_line_cross_resistance_experiment.xlsx") was generated in 2018-19 by Aparajita Singh and others at the Evolutionary Biology Lab, IISER Mohali. GENERAL INFORMATION 1\. Title of Dataset: "Recurrent evolution of cross-resistance in response to selection for improved post-infection survival in Drosophila melanogaster" 2\. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Prof. N. G. Prasad Institution: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali Address: IISER Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Punjab - 140306, India. Email: [prasad@iisermohali.ac.in](mailto:prasad@iisermohali.ac.in) B. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Aparajita Singh Institution: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali Address: IISER Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Punjab - 140306, India. Email: [aparajita08@gmail.com](mailto:aparajita08@gmail.com) 3\. Duration of data collection: 2018-19 4\. Geographic location of data collection: Mohali, Punjab, India 5\. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: IISER Mohali, MHRD, Govt. of India; DBT, Govt. of India (Grant No. BT/PR14278/BRB/10/1417/2015). ### Files and variables **File: Selection_line_cross_resistance_experiment.xlsx** **Description:** Note: This file contains five separate tabs: Tab 1. "key" (description of individual data sheet contents) Tab 2. "epn_selection_response" (data from response to selection experiment of the EPN selection regime) Tab 3. "ius_selection_response" (data from response to selection experiment of the IUS selection regime) Tab 4. "epn_cross_resistance" (data from cross-resistance experiment of the EPN selection regime) Tab 5. "ius_cross_resistance" (data from cross-resistance experiment of the IUS selection regime) **Code/software** Not applicable ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * Not Applicable Data was derived from the following sources: * Not Applicable