cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630985
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 765, PFAT 765

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 765 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633010
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 800, PFAT 800

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 800 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Round half of tablet broken off.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30586556.v1
title: <b>Wetland degradation promotes soil </b><b>P</b><b> fraction transformation by altering </b><b>P</b><b>-cycling functional genes and metabolic pathways</b>

description: Global wetlands have undergone varying degrees of degradation due to intense disturbances from global climatic and environmental changes, and human activities such as overgrazing and drainage. While wetland degradation is known to alter soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus (P) cycling, the mechanism governing its effects on soil P fraction transformation and P metabolism remains poorly understood. To address this, we investigated how different stages of wetland degradation—non-degraded (ND), slightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), and heavily degraded (HD)—affect soil P fractions in temperate wetlands. We analyzed soil properties, P-cycling microbial communities, functional genes, and metabolic products, employing the modified Hedley P fractionation method to elucidate clear trends in P fraction contents.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630988
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 765, PFAT 765

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 765 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633009
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1194.203, PFAnep 1194.203

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1194.203, PFUT 1194-203 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, right edge, reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, right edge, reverse, upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630984
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 764, PFAT 764

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 764 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, broken areas on bottom edge, round edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633007
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1182.203, PFAnep 1182.203

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1182.203, PFUT 1182-203 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, right edge, reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Small cracks on all surfaces.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633003
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 800, PFAT 800

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 800 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Round half of tablet broken off.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc1sto1612431
title: InscriptiFact -- an image database of inscriptions and artifacts

description: The InscriptiFact Collection is designed to allow access via the Internet to high-resolution images of ancient inscriptions and artifacts, primarily from the Near Eastern and Mediterranean Worlds. The targeted inscriptions constitute some of the world’s earliest written records, which are mostly housed in a number of international museums and libraries, as well as field projects where inscriptions still remain in situ. Included, for example, are, selected Dead Sea Scrolls; cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, Persia, Canaan and Egypt; early Jewish papyri from Egypt; lapidary inscriptions, primarily from Jordan, Lebanon and Cyprus; inscriptions on a variety of hard media (e.g., ostraca, copper, semi-precious stones, jar handles) mostly written in early Canaanite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Ammonite and Edomite; and much more. These ancient texts are foundational documents that serve as a point of reference for Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the cultures out of which they emerged. The name "InscriptiFact" is intended to convey the concept of a scholarly archive based on "facts" about "inscriptions" and "artifacts." West Semitic Research Project (WSRP) under the auspices of the University of Southern California (USC) is broadly acknowledged as a leader in the application of photographic and digital technologies to capture and analyze data of ancient texts. The West Semitic Research image archive now contains approximately 1,500,000 images. Important! Search terms with more than one word or number need to be enclosed in quotation marks.Guide to Searching InscriptiFact
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630970
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1119.103, PFAnep 1119.103

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1119.103, PFUT 1119-103 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken bottom edge. Cracks on obverse, right edge, reverse, upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633133
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 801, PFAT 801

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 801 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impression on flat edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Round edge broken off, large crack on obverse, holes on reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632660
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 792, PFAT 792

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 792 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633126
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 800, PFAT 800

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 800 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Round half of tablet broken off.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632653
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 793, PFAT 793

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 793 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impression on obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Flat edge broken off.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633115
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 801, PFAT 801

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 801 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impression on flat edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Round edge broken off, large crack on obverse, holes on reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632646
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 792, PFAT 792

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 792 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633114
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1262.101, PFAnep 1262.101

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1262.101, PFUT 1262-101 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Rough surfaces with some pitting. Broken reverse going onto left edge, right edge, upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110633105
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1208.013, PFAnep 1208.013

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1208.013, PFUT 1208-013 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken upper edge going onto right edge. Minor cracks on left edge, reverse, upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632636
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 792, PFAT 792

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 792 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630969
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1119.103, PFAnep 1119.103

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1119.103, PFUT 1119-103 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken bottom edge. Cracks on obverse, right edge, reverse, upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632629
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 792, PFAT 792

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 792 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630953
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 764, PFAT 764

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 764 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, broken areas on bottom edge, round edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632359
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 788, PFAT 788

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 788 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630939
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 763, PFAT 763

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 763 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken area on flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632338
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 788, PFAT 788

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 788 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630936
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 764, PFAT 764

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 764 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, broken areas on bottom edge, round edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632336
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 787, PFAT 787

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 787 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken area on bottom edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110630928
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 763, PFAT 763

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 763 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken area on flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632334
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 788, PFAT 788

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 788 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110637658
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0258.201, PFAnep 0258.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0258.201, PFUT 0258-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Large cracks on reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632331
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 788, PFAT 788

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 788 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110637654
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0258.201, PFAnep 0258.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0258.201, PFUT 0258-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Large cracks on reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632330
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 788, PFAT 788

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 788 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110632317
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 788, PFAT 788

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 788 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110637642
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0257.205, PFAnep 0257.205

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0257.205, PFUT 0257-205 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken area on left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110637639
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0257.205, PFAnep 0257.205

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0257.205, PFUT 0257-205 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Broken area on left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.