cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v15dv41xw
title: Corrigendum: Dimensionality and modularity of adaptive variation: Divergence in threespine stickleback from diverse environments

description: Populations are subjected to diverse environmental conditions that affect
 fitness and induce evolutionary or plastic responses, resulting in
 phenotypic divergence among populations. Some authors contend such
 divergence is concentrated along a single major axis of trait covariance,
 even if that axis does not lead populations directly toward fitness
 optimum. Other authors argue that divergence can occur readily along many
 phenotype axes at the same time. We use populations of threespine
 stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 14 lakes with contrasting
 ecological conditions to find some resolution along the continuum between
 these two extremes. Unlike many previous studies, we included several
 functional suites of traits (defensive, swimming, trophic) potentially
 subject to different sources of selection. We find that populations
 exhibit dimensionality of divergence that is high enough to preclude a
 history of constraint along a single axis – both for divergence in
 multivariate mean trait values and for the structure of trait covariances.
 Dimensionality varied among trait suites and were strongly influenced by
 the inclusion of specific traits, and integration of trait suites varied
 between populations. We leverage this variation into new insights about
 the process of divergence and suggest that similar analyses could increase
 understanding of other adaptive radiations. 
description: # Corrigendum: Dimensionality and modularity of adaptive variation:
 Divergence in threespine stickleback from diverse environments
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v15dv41xw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v15dv41xw) Includes updates associated with code corrections the article: "Dimensionality and modularity of adaptive variation: Divergence in threespine stickleback from diverse environments". The original versions included an error in the allometric adjustment procedure. The data files were unchanged, and the updated code files are on the Zenodo repository. ## Description of the data and file structure Data is provided as .csv and .tps files. Files that have been corrected for the corrigendum, include CORRECTED at the beginning of the file name. The first .R file in the dataset, estimate.ED.R, which includes functions for calculating dimensionality, did not need to be corrected and thus a new version of it has not been provided. Example images of some fish that were used for geometric morphometric analyses are also included. ## Code/Software Code is provided for R. See further details in the readme.txt file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn8wk
title: Genomic changes underlying repeated niche shifts in an adaptive radiation

description: In adaptive radiations, single lineages rapidly diversify by adapting to
 many new niches. Little is known yet about the genomic mechanisms
 involved, i.e. the source of genetic variation or genomic architecture
 facilitating or constraining adaptive radiation. Here, we investigate
 genomic changes associated with repeated invasion of many different
 freshwater niches by threespine stickleback in the Haida Gwaii
 archipelago, Canada, by re-sequencing single genomes from one marine and
 28 freshwater populations. We find 89 likely targets of parallel selection
 in the genome that are enriched for old standing genetic variation. In
 contrast to theoretical expectations, their genomic architecture is highly
 dispersed with little clustering. Candidate genes and genotype-environment
 correlations match the three major environmental axes predation regime,
 light environment and ecosystem size. In a niche space with these three
 dimensions, we find that the more divergent a new niche from the ancestral
 marine habitat, the more loci show signatures of parallel selection. Our
 findings suggest that the genomic architecture of parallel adaptation in
 adaptive radiation depends on the steepness of ecological gradients and
 the dimensionality of the niche space.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4cr
title: The relationship between chlorophyllous spores and mycorrhizal associations in ferns: Evidence from an evolutionary approach

description: Approximately 14% of all fern species have physiologically active
 chlorophyllous spores that are much more short-lived than the usual and
 dormant achlorophyllous spores. Most chlorophyllous-spored species (70%)
 are epiphytes, and these account for almost 37% of all epiphytic ferns.
 Chlorophyllous-spored ferns are also overrepresented among species in
 habitats with waterlogged soils, of which nearly 60% have chlorophyllous
 spores. Ferns in these disparate habitat types are also united by a low
 incidence of mycorrhizal associations. We, therefore, hypothesize that
 autotrophic chlorophyllous spores represent an adaptation of ferns to
 habitats with scarce mycorrhizal associations. We evaluated the evolution
 of chlorophyllous spores and mycorrhizal associations in ferns and their
 relation to habitat type using phylogenetic comparative methods. We found
 that chlorophyllous spores and the absence of mycorrhizal associations are
 strongly associated with epiphytic and waterlogged habitats. Transition
 rates to epiphytic and waterlogged habitats are 200-fold higher in species
 with chlorophyllous spores compared to achlorophyllous lineages. Spore
 type and mycorrhizal associations appear to play important roles in the
 radiation of ferns into different habitat types. Future work should focus
 on clarifying the functional significance of these associations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wh70rxwq5
title: Enhanced mutualisms: a promotion effect driven by bacteria in early invasion of Phytolacca americana L

description: Enhanced mutualism hypothesis considers that invasive plants
 promote self-growth by enriching beneficial microbial to
 establish positive soil feedback. However, the roles of soil
 microorganisms may vary with increasing time of plant growth.
 Here, we present results of a two-stage experiment conducted in field and
 greenhouse to explore the soil feedback changes with the
 duration growth using invasive plant Phytolacca
 americana L., as a model. Three P. americana individuals
 of varying ages were chosen based on the number of growth rings
 in the underground main root. We determined the effects of different
 growth age of P. americana on soil microbial community
 and physicochemical properties and performed a soil
 inoculation experiment to quantify the influence of microbial community
 structure on seed germination and seedling performance of P.
 americana, in the different growth age treatments. Increasing P.
 americana growth age altered soil properties, with
 significant reductions in total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus
 (P), nitrate-N, and ammonium-N. However increasing P.
 americana growth age reduced nitrogen availability in the soil;
 increased available potassium and available P concentrations in soil were
 observed in Age5 and in all growth ages, respectively. Increasing growth
 age influenced the soil microbial community structure,
 with substantial changes in the relative abundance of bacteria, including
 that of a few relevant to nutrient cycling; however, there was no
 significant change in the relative abundance of fungi.
 Soil inoculation experiments corroborated the change in
 soil microbial community structure caused by P.
 americana growth promoted self seed germination and biomass
 accumulation, which further intensified its invasion. We conclude
 that the early growth stages of invasive plants could promotes
 their growth and detailedly explained its mechanism by enrich
 plant growth-promoting bacteria in soil, establishing a positive nutrient
 cycle. When making control of invasive plants, the early
 detection and management should been attach importance to it.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g1jwstzq
title: The impact of stress and its influencing factors among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kingdom of Bahrain

description: Background: It is well known that all medical professions are
 linked to work stress, including dentistry, which is seen as facing higher
 risk due to the nature of the job, especially the working
 conditions.  Objective: This study aimed to assess the
 impact of stress and its influencing factors among dentists during the
 COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was
 designed to assess the impact of stress and its influencing factors among
 Bahraini dentists. A total of 306 participants were randomly selected from
 1489 registered professionals in the NHRA (National Health Regulatory
 Authority Bahrain). In addition, an online survey was used to minimise
 face-to-face communication as well as to accommodate dental practitioners
 who work in private and government hospitals in Bahrain and a convenient
 sample of dentists was requested to participate in this study. Results:
 Out of 306 participants invited in the survey, only 253 responded, which
 was adequate for the study. Overall, the participants have reported
 moderate stress. All the variables of the study showed different effects,
 but the highest stressor with a strong correlation was “fear of social
 isolation "(FI) at the significance level of 0.01 (β= 0.393, t=
 5.090, p &lt; 0.05= (0.000) with = 0.201 above 0.15 and less than 0.35
 which was considered as a moderate effect size approximately (20%), which
 strongly supported the hypothesis that researchers have proposed. Overall,
 the total effect for all stressors were (30 %) which was considered as a
 moderate effect size. All hypotheses were supported except BCP -&gt;
 OUTCOME due to insufficient evidence at the insignificant level of 0.01
 (β= -0.184, t=1.560, p &gt; 0.05 = (0.060). whereas the R² values of
 independent variables were above 95% for the variance of dentists’
 outcome, which is considered an excellent fit to the data as evidenced by
 the squared multiple correlations ( ) values for the dependent variables.
 Conclusions: The study is unique based on its findings that
 reveal the impact of stress among dentists. Moreover, the results of this
 study may serve as guidance for future monitoring of dental practitioners’
 burnout, anxiety, and workload. Furthermore, it may provide supports in
 different aspects.
description: A cross-sectional survey was
 designed to assess the impact of stress and its influencing factors among
 Bahraini dentists. A total of 306 participants were randomly selected from
 1489 registered professionals in the NHRA (National Health Regulatory
 Authority Bahrain). In addition, an online survey was used to minimise
 face-to-face communication as well as to accommodate dental practitioners
 who work in private and government hospitals in Bahrain and a convenient
 sample of dentists was requested to participate in this
 study.
description: NO missing values.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pk9q
title: Data for: Occupancy–detection models with museum specimen data: Promise and pitfalls

description: Historical museum records provide potentially useful data for identifying
 drivers of change in species occupancy. However, because museum records
 are typically obtained via many collection methods, methodological
 developments are needed in order to enable robust inferences.
 Occupancy-detection models, a relatively new and powerful suite of
 statistical methods, are a potentially promising avenue because they can
 account for changes in collection effort through space and time. We use
 simulated datasets to identify how and when patterns in data and/or
 modelling decisions can bias inference. We focus primarily on the
 consequences of contrasting methodological approaches for dealing with
 species' ranges and inferring species' non-detections in both
 space and time.  We find that not all datasets are suitable for
 occupancy-detection analysis but, under the right conditions (namely,
 datasets that are broken into more time periods for occupancy inference
 and that contain a high fraction of community-wide collections, or
 collection events that focus on communities of organisms), models can
 accurately estimate trends. Finally, we present a case-study on eastern
 North American odonates where we calculate long-term trends of occupancy
 by using our most robust workflow.  These results indicate that
 occupancy-detection models are a suitable framework for some research
 cases and expand the suite of available tools for macroecological analysis
 available to researchers, especially where structured datasets are
 unavailable.
description: We simulated multiple unstructured datasets to test the behavior
 of occupancy-detection models when applied to natural history museum data.
 Also included are data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
 for eastern North American odonates.
description: We strongly recommend using a computing cluster to reproduce this
 analysis.
DOI: 10.13144/lil-0134
title: Enquête Structure des salaires (ESS) - 1978

description: L'enquête sur la structure et la répartition des salaires, effectuée 1978 pour l'OSCE par l'INSEE est la troisième du genre (après 1966 et 1972). En 1978 l'enquête continue de différencier dans l'industrie et le bâtiment les ouvriers des autres salariés et étend le champ de recherche à de nouveaux services : commerces, banques et assurances. Elle s'inscrit dans le dispositif communautaire. Les indicateurs de cette enquête portent principalement sur : - le coût de la main d'oeuvre - le salaire en espèce - les charges salariales des entreprises - les revenus du travail des salariés.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6j4
title: Reduced visitation to buzz-pollinated Cyanella hyacinthoides in the presence of other pollen sources in the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region

description: Many plant species have floral morphologies that restrict access to floral
 resources, such as pollen or nectar, and only a subset of floral visitors
 can perform the handling behaviours required to extract restricted
 resources. Due to the time and energy required to extract resources from
 morphologically complex flowers, these plant species potentially compete
 for pollinators with co-flowering plants that have more easily accessible
 resources. A widespread floral mechanism restricting access to pollen is
 the presence of tubular anthers that open through small pores or slits
 (poricidal anthers). Some bees have evolved the capacity to remove pollen
 from poricidal anthers using vibrations, giving rise to the phenomenon of
 buzz-pollination. These bee vibrations that are produced for pollen
 extraction are presumably energetically costly, and to date, few studies
 have investigated whether buzz-pollinated flowers may be at a disadvantage
 when competing for pollinators’ attention with plant species that present
 unrestricted pollen resources. Here, we studied Cyanella hyacinthoides
 (Tecophilaeaceae), a geophyte with poricidal anthers in the hyperdiverse
 Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, to assess how the composition and
 relative abundance of flowers with easily accessible pollen affect bee
 visitation to a buzz-pollinated plant. We found that the number of
 pollinator species was not influenced by community composition. However,
 visitation rates to C. hyacinthoides were reduced when the relative
 abundances of flowers with more accessible resources were high. Visitation
 rates were strongly associated with petal colour, showing that flower
 colour is important in mediating these interactions. We conclude that
 buzz-pollinated plants might be at a competitive disadvantage when many
 easily accessible pollen sources are available, particularly when
 competitor species share its floral signals.
description: Buzz
 pollination interactions were studied in the Cederberg, South Africa.
 Pollinator observations were conducted in three sites in September and
 October 2019. Each site was sampled twice, and enough time was allowed
 between sampling sessions to cause changes in plant community composition.
 Plant-pollinator interactions were observed in 20-minute intervals.
 Multiple observation sessions were conducted at each site. Further, plant
 densities were recorded in multiple random 2x2m plots at each
 site. The excel file
 contains two spreadsheets. The first sheet contains plant density data per
 site (measured as flowers per square meter) of all the plant species that
 offered pollen as reward. The second spreadsheet contains the
 plant-pollinator interactions between all bees and pollen-offering plant
 species for each site (units = 1000 visits per flower per
 20-minutes).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj5j
title: Dietary flexibility promotes range expansion: the case of golden jackals in Eurasia

description: Aim: Exploring the drivers of the successful ongoing expansion of the
 golden jackal across Europe is essential to understand the species’
 trophic ecology. We analysed which climatic and environmental factors
 affected the dietary composition of golden jackals and compared these
 drivers in the species’ historic and recently colonised distribution
 ranges. Location: Eurasia. Taxon: golden jackal (Canis aureus). Methods:
 Using 40 published data sets, we modelled the diet composition using 13
 food categories based on the relative frequency of occurrence of food
 items and trophic niche breadth (BA) against climatic and environmental
 factors from throughout the jackals’ recently colonised (22 studies) and
 historic range (18 studies). Results: The proportion of small mammals in
 golden jackal diet decreased with annual mean temperature, whereas the
 consumption of wild ungulates increased with environmental productivity.
 Increasing temperature and environmental productivity positively
 influenced niche breadth, while increasing precipitation negatively
 affected it. The recently colonised distribution range of golden jackals
 in Europe had a lower mean temperature but higher environmental
 productivity compared to the species’ historic range in Eurasia. In the
 recently-colonised range, jackals consumed small mammals and/or wild
 ungulates (mostly from scavenging) more frequently, and fewer plants
 and/or domestic animals (again, mostly from scavenging). Main Conclusions:
 The golden jackal is an opportunistic, omnivorous carnivore with high
 dietary flexibility and biogeographical variation. Climatic and
 environmental factors shape the species’ diet composition, which, in a
 changing environment, greatly enhances the opportunities for golden
 jackals to colonise new areas successfully. Golden jackals will likely
 continue to expand their range in the foreseeable future. The
 species' trophic niche is expected to broaden with predictions of
 overall increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn0bv
title: Diversification in the Rosales is influenced by dispersal, geographic range size, and pre-existing species richness

description: Biodiversity results from origination and extinction; thus there is
 interest in determining those traits that influence this balance. Among
 traits implicated in the success or failure of lineages are dispersal,
 colonization ability, and geographic range size. We investigate the impact
 of dispersal and range size on contemporary diversity in the order
 Rosales.  We use the MuSSE method to explore the effects on
 genus-level diversification of two genus-level traits (geographic range
 size and within-genus proclivity to speciate), and two species traits
 (seed dispersal and growth habit). We then used MuHiSSE for species-level
 associations. Finally, we conducted a PGLS (phylogenetic least-squares)
 analysis to distinguish between speciation within genera versus
 origination of new genera. At the species-level, animal dispersal enhances
 diversification rate in both woody and herbaceous lineages, while woody
 lineages without animal dispersal have higher extinction rates than
 speciation rates. At the genus level, herbaceous taxa have positive
 diversification rates regardless of other character states.
 Diversification rate variation is also explained by two interactions: (1)
 a three-way interaction between large geographic range, animal-mediated
 dispersal, and high within-genus species richness, whereby genera
 possessing all three traits have high diversification rates, and (2) a
 four-way interaction by which the three-way interaction is stronger in
 woody genera than in herbaceous genera. Colonization ability may underlie
 the relationship between dispersal type and range size and may influence
 past diversification rates by decreasing extinction rates during late
 Cenozoic times of climate volatility. Thus, colonization ability could be
 used to predict future extinction risk to improve conservation success.
 Please be aware that if you ask to have your user record removed, we will
 retain your name in the records concerning manuscripts for which you were
 an author, reviewer, or editor. In compliance with data protection
 regulations, you may request that we remove your personal registration
 details at any time. (Use the following URL:
 https://www.editorialmanager.com/ajb/login.asp?a=r). Please contact the
 publication office if you have any questions.
description: Specimen data were collected at NMNH, Missouri Botanical
 Garden Geographic range and species richness from
 GBIF Gene sequences downloaded from NCBI
 Multiple sequence alignments via MUSCLE
 Phylogeny via BEAST Evolutionary analyses
 using R packages diversitree, HiSSE, and phylotools
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w8z3nx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 811 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Germany",
 "TaxonKey is Caenis horaria"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 811 records from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003084-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr89
title: Contact angle measurements of droplets on the mandibles of antlions

description: Antlion larvae are fluid-feeding ambush predators that feed on arthropods
 trapped in their funnel-shaped pits built in sandy habitats; however,
 details are lacking about their feeding mechanism. Here we tested the
 hypothesis that the antlion, Myrmeleon crudelis, has adaptations that
 facilitate fluid feeding in sandy habitats. We measured contact angles of
 water droplets and used the capillary-rise technique to assess mouthpart
 wettability. A structural organization was discovered that provides a
 hydrophobic-hydrophilic wetting dichotomy that would simultaneously
 support self-cleaning and fluid uptake and is enabled by antiparallel
 movements of the maxillae. The mouthparts also are augmented by their
 material properties, including maxillae and mandible tips that are heavily
 sclerotized for piercing prey and mandibular teeth with resilin that would
 assist in preventing tooth breakage. Our findings provide insight on how
 antlion larvae have overcome the challenges of fluid feeding in sandy
 habitats, which likely contributed to their success and widespread
 distribution.
description: We administered droplets of dH2O onto the mandibles using a spray
 bottle and used contact angles of the droplets to assess wettability. The
 mandibles were divided into three zones to investigate the wettability
 along its length: Zone 1 (base of the mandible to tooth 1), Zone 2 (tooth
 1 to tooth 3), and Zone 3 (tooth 3 to distal tip). The contact angles of
 three droplets were measured per zone on the dorsal and ventral sides to
 determine average droplet contact angles per zone for each individual. A
 second droplet experiment was performed on the same mandibles after they
 were washed in hexane (two washes, 15 min each) to remove cuticular waxes,
 and the same methodology was used to assess wettability.