cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565082
title: Diversity of insects found in the Woodlot and Grasslands of the Danby Woods at York University

description: On September 29th, 2015 from approximately 3:30 -4:30pm Muhammad Akram and Daniel Germani, both students of BIOL 2050 and in lab section 02, headed out to the Danby Woodlots in order to collect information regarding the diversity of insects that could be found in the grasslands region and in the woodlot region using a quadrat. The temperature was approximately 15 degrees celcius, with a wind of approximately 15-20km/h in an Eastern direction and moderate persistent rainfall. Insect diversity was first observed in the grasslands area. The grasslands region is characterized by an open field containing short grass, wet soil and small shrubs of plants growing in a patchy distribution. The shrubbery is denser towards the West boundary of the Danby woods and gradually diminishes in the Eastern direction. Trees provide cover along the edges of the grassland. A 1m x 1m quadrat was used to collect data in both the grassland and woodlot. The first quadrat was laid down approximately 30m into the grassland from the Western boundary. The total number of insects and the number of recognizable taxonomic units (RTUs) among these insects was counted by Muhammad Akram using his naked eye and discretion based upon morphology. The data was gathered over a 60 second interval. Then the quadrat was shifted 1m over Eastward and the same variables were counted. After 10 quadrats had been conducted in the grasslands area, the researchers shifted over to the woodlot region of the woods. The woodlot region of the woods is characterized by dense tree growth with a moderate amount of canopy cover. There is a clearing at the centre of the woodlot approximately 200m squared and at the centre of this clearing is where the first quadrat was positioned. Using the same technique, the total number of insects observed and the number of recognizable taxonomic units was recorded, over a 60 second interval. The quadrat was then shifted approximately 1m south and repositioned with recordings being taken once more. A total of 10 quadrats were conducted here in the woodlot, making for a total of 20 quadrats conducted over the woodlot and grasslands area of the Danby Woods. No insects were observed in the woodlot area quadrats and this may be due to the rainy conditions which may have resulted in insects finding shelter underground. Also in the grasslands area the total number of insects as well as the number of RTUs experienced a general decrease as the quadrats were moved Eastward, which may be correlated with the decrease in shrubbery and increase in dirt in that direction of the grasslands.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565397
title: Sweep-nets and Transects in Danby Grasslands Estimating Insect Abundance

description: The following is a dataset observing the insect population in the Danby Grasslands at York University Keele Campus in Toronto Ontario. The collection of data took place on September the 29th from approximately 2:40pm- 3:15pm. It was approximately 18 ⁰C with constant precipitation in the form of rain, the wind speed was not available at the time of collection but it was insignificant. There was overcast with little natural sunlight appearing through the clouds. The collection of data was carried out by myself along with the other members of my laboratory group from BIOL 2050 Katie, Katherine, Ashley and Ava. A total of 10 trials were to be conducted using transects and sweeping-nets. Each trial consisted of a sweep-net being moved back and forth in a “sweeping” motion along a transect of 15 metres for the approximate time of 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Each trial used a new random location to place its transect and begin sweeping. Before the beginning of each trial the sweeping-net was removed of all debris including insects prior to sweep. Each transect was swept from start to end a total of 15 metres (ie. not back and forth on a transect of 7.5 metres for a total of 15 metres covered). After each sweep the insects collected were recorded and removed from the sweeping-net. Unfortunately most likely due to the weather there was a lack of variation in the insects found or total unique RTUS, with only Field crickets and Garden spiders being found. This was also evident by the number of trials that had zero insect captures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565048
title: Insect Diversity and Abundance Determined by Pan Trap Sampling Method at York University

description: The related data was collected on Tuesday, September 29th 2015, between the times of 3:00 to 4:30 pm, in collaboration with Bonnie Duong, Markian Plawiuk, Muhammad Akram and Daniel Germani . There was a moderate rain, as well as cloud cover, throughout the duration of the experiment. Nine pan traps each were placed in the Danby grassland and Danby Woodlot at York University, Keele campus, Toronto, Ontario. In each location, i.e. woodlot or grassland, nine bowls of alternating colours of blue, yellow and white, were place in a single file linear formation approximately 2 metres apart, for a total of 18m. The bottoms of the bowls were covered with about a centimetre of water to deter the insects from escaping. The traps were then left undisturbed for approximately one hour. Upon returning, the contents of the bowls were emptied into the sieve to better observe the individuals and the RTUs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565010
title: Studying Bird Populations using Distance-Based Sampling

description: This experiment studied bird populations found in the Danby Grassland and Woodlot located at York University on September 29, 2015. The data was collected at around 4:00pm and took approximately 25 minutes. Group members include Michael, Phenil, Amanda and myself. It was around 17 degrees Celsius with constant wind and rain. Five replicates were done in the grassland and five in the woodlot. The grassland was very wet and slippery while the woodlot was quite muddy due to the constant precipitation. The transect belt was placed in a random spot for each replication. To ensure a proper random sample, a random number generator was used, ranging from 1 to 5, representing the number of steps. Beginning at the edge of the grassland/woodlot and working our way inwards, we took however many steps the random number generator indicated. After the transect belt was extended to 10.0 meters, we walked along it for one minute. Within this time, we observed how many birds were within a 7.0 meter radius left or right of the transect. When a bird was spotted, we recorded the distance from the bird to the transect along the horizontal axis (not it's height from the ground). We also recorded its Recognizable Taxonomic Unit (RTU) based on brief morphological features and the wind speed according to the Beaufort Scale. Very few birds were spotted due to the heavy rainfall. A total of six were observed, with only three different RTU’s. This data was collected to study the amount of bird populations and the different types of birds found in the Danby Grassland and Woodlot.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565082.v1
title: Diversity of insects found in the Woodlot and Grasslands of the Danby Woods at York University

description: On September 29th, 2015 from approximately 3:30 -4:30pm Muhammad Akram and Daniel Germani, both students of BIOL 2050 and in lab section 02, headed out to the Danby Woodlots in order to collect information regarding the diversity of insects that could be found in the grasslands region and in the woodlot region using a quadrat. The temperature was approximately 15 degrees celcius, with a wind of approximately 15-20km/h in an Eastern direction and moderate persistent rainfall. Insect diversity was first observed in the grasslands area. The grasslands region is characterized by an open field containing short grass, wet soil and small shrubs of plants growing in a patchy distribution. The shrubbery is denser towards the West boundary of the Danby woods and gradually diminishes in the Eastern direction. Trees provide cover along the edges of the grassland. A 1m x 1m quadrat was used to collect data in both the grassland and woodlot. The first quadrat was laid down approximately 30m into the grassland from the Western boundary. The total number of insects and the number of recognizable taxonomic units (RTUs) among these insects was counted by Muhammad Akram using his naked eye and discretion based upon morphology. The data was gathered over a 60 second interval. Then the quadrat was shifted 1m over Eastward and the same variables were counted. After 10 quadrats had been conducted in the grasslands area, the researchers shifted over to the woodlot region of the woods. The woodlot region of the woods is characterized by dense tree growth with a moderate amount of canopy cover. There is a clearing at the centre of the woodlot approximately 200m squared and at the centre of this clearing is where the first quadrat was positioned. Using the same technique, the total number of insects observed and the number of recognizable taxonomic units was recorded, over a 60 second interval. The quadrat was then shifted approximately 1m south and repositioned with recordings being taken once more. A total of 10 quadrats were conducted here in the woodlot, making for a total of 20 quadrats conducted over the woodlot and grasslands area of the Danby Woods. No insects were observed in the woodlot area quadrats and this may be due to the rainy conditions which may have resulted in insects finding shelter underground. Also in the grasslands area the total number of insects as well as the number of RTUs experienced a general decrease as the quadrats were moved Eastward, which may be correlated with the decrease in shrubbery and increase in dirt in that direction of the grasslands.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565397.v1
title: Sweep-nets and Transects in Danby Grasslands Estimating Insect Abundance

description: The following is a dataset observing the insect population in the Danby Grasslands at York University Keele Campus in Toronto Ontario. The collection of data took place on September the 29th from approximately 2:40pm- 3:15pm. It was approximately 18 ⁰C with constant precipitation in the form of rain, the wind speed was not available at the time of collection but it was insignificant. There was overcast with little natural sunlight appearing through the clouds. The collection of data was carried out by myself along with the other members of my laboratory group from BIOL 2050 Katie, Katherine, Ashley and Ava. A total of 10 trials were to be conducted using transects and sweeping-nets. Each trial consisted of a sweep-net being moved back and forth in a “sweeping” motion along a transect of 15 metres for the approximate time of 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Each trial used a new random location to place its transect and begin sweeping. Before the beginning of each trial the sweeping-net was removed of all debris including insects prior to sweep. Each transect was swept from start to end a total of 15 metres (ie. not back and forth on a transect of 7.5 metres for a total of 15 metres covered). After each sweep the insects collected were recorded and removed from the sweeping-net. Unfortunately most likely due to the weather there was a lack of variation in the insects found or total unique RTUS, with only Field crickets and Garden spiders being found. This was also evident by the number of trials that had zero insect captures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565010.v1
title: Studying Bird Populations using Distance-Based Sampling

description: This experiment studied bird populations found in the Danby Grassland and Woodlot located at York University on September 29, 2015. The data was collected at around 4:00pm and took approximately 25 minutes. Group members include Michael, Phenil, Amanda and myself. It was around 17 degrees Celsius with constant wind and rain. Five replicates were done in the grassland and five in the woodlot. The grassland was very wet and slippery while the woodlot was quite muddy due to the constant precipitation. The transect belt was placed in a random spot for each replication. To ensure a proper random sample, a random number generator was used, ranging from 1 to 5, representing the number of steps. Beginning at the edge of the grassland/woodlot and working our way inwards, we took however many steps the random number generator indicated. After the transect belt was extended to 10.0 meters, we walked along it for one minute. Within this time, we observed how many birds were within a 7.0 meter radius left or right of the transect. When a bird was spotted, we recorded the distance from the bird to the transect along the horizontal axis (not it's height from the ground). We also recorded its Recognizable Taxonomic Unit (RTU) based on brief morphological features and the wind speed according to the Beaufort Scale. Very few birds were spotted due to the heavy rainfall. A total of six were observed, with only three different RTU’s. This data was collected to study the amount of bird populations and the different types of birds found in the Danby Grassland and Woodlot.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565048.v1
title: Insect Diversity and Abundance Determined by Pan Trap Sampling Method at York University

description: The related data was collected on Tuesday, September 29th 2015, between the times of 3:00 to 4:30 pm, in collaboration with Bonnie Duong, Markian Plawiuk, Muhammad Akram and Daniel Germani . There was a moderate rain, as well as cloud cover, throughout the duration of the experiment. Nine pan traps each were placed in the Danby grassland and Danby Woodlot at York University, Keele campus, Toronto, Ontario. In each location, i.e. woodlot or grassland, nine bowls of alternating colours of blue, yellow and white, were place in a single file linear formation approximately 2 metres apart, for a total of 18m. The bottoms of the bowls were covered with about a centimetre of water to deter the insects from escaping. The traps were then left undisturbed for approximately one hour. Upon returning, the contents of the bowls were emptied into the sieve to better observe the individuals and the RTUs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1565461.v1
title: Insect population via Pan trap

description: This experiment was conducted on Tuesday September 29 2015 in the Danby Woodlot and the Danby Grassland at York University Keele Campus from 3:00pm-5:15pm, with group members Houra, Alexandera and Kathy. The weather was approximately 21°C with cloudy skies, and light to moderate rain fall. Houra and I, were assigned the <strong>pan trap dataset</strong> by the instruction of the TA. The purpose of the pan trap experiment was to collect field data in order to estimate the abundance and diversity of, but not limited to, flying insects. This experiment required us to fill 9 solo bowls (instead of 10) with soapy water and place them in the woodlot, and the same repeated for the grassland. The bowls were arranged in groups of three, giving a total of 3 groups in each location. Each group of bowls consisted of three different colors; yellow, blue and white. When all the lab groups had set up and filled their bowls, the time was noted (3:20pm) and the bowls were left alone for an hour in order for bugs to get trapped the bowl. In the meantime we helped our group members collect their field data. After one hour (4:20pm) the bowls were collected and observed. The total insect count, number of RTU's, Type of RTU, and bowl color was noted for each bowl by looking at the mixture in the bowl from above, giving a total of 18 bowls. After the observation was complete, the soapy water containing the insects was poured onto the ground and the bowls were collected and taken back to the lab. Within the woodlot and grasslands, the group of bowls were placed in various locations, which may have affected the number, and type of insects collected. In the woodlot, group 1 was placed under a tree, group 2-beside a log, and group 3-in the open, on top of some leaves. In the grasslands, group 4 was set next to a common plantain, group 5 -in the grass where no plants near it an group 6- under a tree. It was concluded that not many insects were collected through the pan trap because of the rainy weather conditions, since they were probably sheltering from the rain. The small time frame could have also caused not many bugs to get traped.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564865
title: Ecology Lab 3

description: Experiment was conducted by Gopaul, Albert, Gajamugan, and Hannad on Thursday October 1st during the scheduled lab time of 2:30pm-5:30pm at Danby woodlot/grassland located on the campus of York University. The weather was 15 degrees Celcius, Sunny with light winds. ALL DATA FOR THIS EXPERIMENT WAS COLLECTED VISUALLY.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564866
title: Lab 3 - Estimating Animal Abundances Using Distance-Based Methods

description: This experiment was conducted on September 29, 2015 from, 3:20pm to 4:05pm, at Danby Woods, York University in the grassland area and the woodlot area to estimate the animal abundances using a belt transect as a distance-based technique. The experiment was performed by Daniel, Mohammed, Markian, Bonnie, and Nicole. The weather consisted of dark cloudy skies with rainfall, at a temperature of 16°C. The grassland terrain consisted of low-leveled vegetation while the woodlot area consisted of many trees with assorted heights. There were 10 replicates noted, 5 for the grassland and 5 for the woodlot. For each replicate a 10 meter belt transect was placed on the ground and 5 minutes were taken to walk down the transect looking for birds in a 10 meter radius from the transect. Each time a bird flew within the area of the transect a few observations were recorded; i) the frequency of birds passing by, ii) the species of the bird which was estimated by the size and colour of the birds, iii) beaufort wind scale which was determined by the conditions of our surroundings, iv) and the distance from the transect, either left or right from the transect using a maximum radius of 10 meters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564867
title: Distance Sampling for Abundance and Distribution of Mobile Species - Sweep net dataset 4

description: The following data set was collected in the Danby Grasslot area at York University on September 29th, 2015 at approximately 3:30 to 4:30 PM. Sampling conditions included cloudy weather, rain and a temperature of 18°C. My group members, Amanda, Phenil, Tonia, and I were assigned four different sets of data to obtain. I was assigned to obtain the sweep net dataset with my partner Tonia. Tonia and I then headed to the Danby Grasslot area and began to collect such data. A transect measuring tape was unwound and extended twenty meters long. The transect was then placed on the floor, in a straight line, at a random location in the Grasslot area. The twenty-meter straight line was walked over a time interval of two minutes; the equivalent of walking ten meters a minute or fifteen centimeters a second. A net was used to continuously sweep the plants and grass that were located along the transect line during the walk. At the end of the sweep walk, the number of insects found within the net was counted and recorded. Among those insects present within the net, the number of different recognizable taxonomic units, RTU’s, was also recorded. RTU’s were used in this experiment to distinguish between the different types of insects that were found within the net. Insects that contained similar features were grouped together and given a general group name, the number of different groups present within the net was recorded. Such group names included flies, spiders, ladybugs, beetles and snails. The transect was then picked up, moved to another random location and the process was repeated for another nine trials. On the field, this distance sampling method allows BIOL2050 students to estimate the abundance and distribution of a mobile species population over a large surface area in a relatively short time period. Off the field, this laboratory gives students the opportunity to better describe their metadata as well as share their data findings with the greater scientific world.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564866.v1
title: Lab 3 - Estimating Animal Abundances Using Distance-Based Methods

description: This experiment was conducted on September 29, 2015 from, 3:20pm to 4:05pm, at Danby Woods, York University in the grassland area and the woodlot area to estimate the animal abundances using a belt transect as a distance-based technique. The experiment was performed by Daniel, Mohammed, Markian, Bonnie, and Nicole. The weather consisted of dark cloudy skies with rainfall, at a temperature of 16°C. The grassland terrain consisted of low-leveled vegetation while the woodlot area consisted of many trees with assorted heights. There were 10 replicates noted, 5 for the grassland and 5 for the woodlot. For each replicate a 10 meter belt transect was placed on the ground and 5 minutes were taken to walk down the transect looking for birds in a 10 meter radius from the transect. Each time a bird flew within the area of the transect a few observations were recorded; i) the frequency of birds passing by, ii) the species of the bird which was estimated by the size and colour of the birds, iii) beaufort wind scale which was determined by the conditions of our surroundings, iv) and the distance from the transect, either left or right from the transect using a maximum radius of 10 meters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564860
title: Lab3- Field Sample Training with Animals

description: This lab took place in the grassland at York University near the Aviva Centre were data was collected on insects that were found there. Quadrats were used on both the mowed and tall grass area. 10 quadrats were placed on the mowed area and 10 placed on the tall grass area. When placing the quadrats, they were always placed two steps away from the last one. Once the quadrat was placed, it was then observed what insects that were found in each quadrat and the number of each insect was counted for as well.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564863
title: To determine the abundance and density of Fly,Beatle,Ants and Bug using a quadrat in grassland and woodlot

description: The research was carried out at the York Universty grassland and woodlot under an incessant rainfall.The study was based on determing the abundance of certain insect which were Flies, Ant, Beatle and Bugs in a grassland and woodlot using quadrat.It started around 3.00pm and lasted till about 5.00 pm.and the temperature for both grassland and woodlot was about 20 degree celsius.Four students were divided into two and were made to do one of the experiments. This experiment was carried out using a quadrat.Qurdrat is a rectangular tool measured 1m by 1m.The first part of the study was carried out in a grassland full of grasses and some few shrubs. The particular sample was areas to be determined using a random sample generator.Steps were counted based on the number generated. Example the number 5 means that 5 steps were counted from the inital spot and the quadrat was placed on that spot. and so on.The quadrat was observed for one minute and number of insect eig flies, beatles, ants and bug were counted. The study is repeated for ten sample site in the grassland and then another ten in woodlot. The woodlot is made up of a tall tres;and and shoter trees. The dats were collected each signifying how much of these insect were found.Each of the insect found was categorisd based on its species and size.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1564865.v1
title: Ecology Lab 3

description: Experiment was conducted by Gopaul, Albert, Gajamugan, and Hannad on Thursday October 1st during the scheduled lab time of 2:30pm-5:30pm at Danby woodlot/grassland located on the campus of York University. The weather was 15 degrees Celcius, Sunny with light winds. ALL DATA FOR THIS EXPERIMENT WAS COLLECTED VISUALLY.