cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.73ii33lp
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 9 located at ALOMAR, Norway

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 9) located at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR: 16.01°E, 69.28°N) - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). It is operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 15.5° x 15.5° which corresponds to ca. 24 x 24 km2 in zenith direction at 87 km height. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 9 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values).
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.74i0n4l8
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 10 located at Tel Aviv University, Israel

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 10) located at Tel Aviv University (TAV: 32.11°E, 34.80°N) - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). It is jointly operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences of Tel Aviv University (TAU). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 4.5° x 4.5° which corresponds to ca. 520 km2 in 87 km height, as the instruments points northwards with a zenith angle of ca. 40°. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 10 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph, with an off-axis parabolic mirror in front of the entrance slit and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values). During unfortunate conditions artificial Hg-emissions (1529.9 nm) are reflected into the instrument, originating from the densely populated urban area of Tel Aviv. The appearance of these emissions can limit the effective observation time.
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based
spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.75hj75kr
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 10 located at Tel Aviv University, Israel

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 10) located at Tel Aviv University (TAV: 32.11°E, 34.80°N) - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). It is jointly operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences of Tel Aviv University (TAU). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 4.5° x 4.5° which corresponds to ca. 520 km2 in 87 km height, as the instruments points northwards with a zenith angle of ca. 40°. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 10 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph, with an off-axis parabolic mirror in front of the entrance slit and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values). During unfortunate conditions artificial Hg-emissions (1529.9 nm) are reflected into the instrument, originating from the densely populated urban area of Tel Aviv. The appearance of these emissions can limit the effective observation time.
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based
spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.76h1r6ka
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 10 located at Tel Aviv University, Israel

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 10) located at Tel Aviv University (TAV: 32.11°E, 34.80°N) - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). It is jointly operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences of Tel Aviv University (TAU). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 4.5° x 4.5° which corresponds to ca. 520 km2 in 87 km height, as the instruments points northwards with a zenith angle of ca. 40°. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 10 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph, with an off-axis parabolic mirror in front of the entrance slit and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values). During unfortunate conditions artificial Hg-emissions (1529.9 nm) are reflected into the instrument, originating from the densely populated urban area of Tel Aviv. The appearance of these emissions can limit the effective observation time.
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based
spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.77gkb7jt
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 11 located at Catania, Sicily

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 11) located at Catania (15.04°E, 37.51°N), Italy - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). It is operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 4.5° x 4.5°, which corresponds to ca. 115 km2 in 87 km height, because the instruments points above the summit of Mt Etna at a zenith angle of 17°. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 11 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph, an off-axis parabolic mirror in front of the entrance slit and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values).
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.79flf9iv
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 12 at Palma de Mallorca during the CESAR campaign

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 12) located at Palma de Mallorca (2.63°E, 39.55°N), Spain during a measurement campaign in the Mediterranean area from 2011-09-13 to 2012-01-10. It is operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 15.5° x 15.5°, which corresponds to ca. 24 x 24 km2 in 87 km height. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 12 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values).
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.78g2v8jc
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 11 located at Catania, Sicily

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 11) located at Catania (15.04°E, 37.51°N), Italy - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). It is operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15 s, originating from a field of view of approximately 4.5° x 4.5°, which corresponds to ca. 115 km2 in 87 km height, because the instruments points above the summit of Mt Etna at a zenith angle of 17°. The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 11 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph, an off-axis parabolic mirror in front of the entrance slit and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values).
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.7af3zaie
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 13 located at the German Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 13) located at the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen (11.271E, 48.081N), Germany - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 5 seconds, originating from a field of view of approximately 15.5° x 15.5° corresponding to either 8700 km2 or 1730 km2 at the peak height of the OH emission layer, depending on the zenith angle applied (65° or 45°). The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 13 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values). The instrument was used to verify the influence of different viewing geometries on the data. The setups are labeled ‘fv1’ for 65° zenith angle and 215° azimuth (from North, that is SW), ‘fv2’ for 65° z.a. and 190° a.a. (SSW) and ‘fv3’ for 45° z.a. and 215° a.a..
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1)
rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001
DOI: 10.1594/wdcrsat.7bemjbhx
title: Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained with GRIPS 13 located at the German Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen

description: The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS 13) located at the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen (11.271E, 48.081N), Germany - a measurement station of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 5 seconds, originating from a field of view of approximately 15.5° x 15.5° corresponding to either 8700 km2 or 1730 km2 at the peak height of the OH emission layer, depending on the zenith angle applied (65° or 45°). The covered wavelength range allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. For the estimation of a nocturnal mean value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures between 1 and 2 K are lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean. A mean is only calculated, when at least two hours of observation time are available.
description: GRIPS 13 is equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values). The instrument was used to verify the influence of different viewing geometries on the data. The setups are labeled ‘fv1’ for 65° zenith angle and 215° azimuth (from North, that is SW), ‘fv2’ for 65° z.a. and 190° a.a. (SSW) and ‘fv3’ for 45° z.a. and 215° a.a..
Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1)
rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 102 (2013) 125–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001