cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3535/77k-nb5-t68
title: Dianthus orientalis subsp. stenocalyx (Boiss.) Rech. f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/ycy-y0m-wqz
title: Dianthus orientalis subsp. gorganicus Rech. f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp0sk0
title: CCDC 626372: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Shu-Ping Yang, Li-Jun Han, Da-Qi Wang, Tie-Zhu Ding|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|o188|doi:10.1107/S160053680605241X
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp89fn
title: CCDC 633591: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: H.-T.Xia, Y.-F.Liu, D.-Q.Wang, S.-P.Yang|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|o259|doi:10.1107/S1600536806053062
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/3np-kg6-glf
title: Dianthus neglectus Loisel.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/605-gwz-7jd
title: Dianthus orientalis subsp. nassireddini (Stapf) Rech. f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/bsl-f9n-nna
title: Dianthus liboschitzianus Ser.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp89gp
title: CCDC 633592: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: M.Aslantas, M.Ceylan-Unlusoy, R.Ertan, E.Kendi, O.Buyukgungor|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|o184|doi:10.1107/S1600536806052378
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/61f-7rs-22r
title: Dianthus lindbergii Riedl

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/zd8-q54-vrc
title: Dianthus libanotis Labill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp89jr
title: CCDC 633594: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: M.Odabasoglu, O.Buyukgungor|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|o186|doi:10.1107/S160053680605238X
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp89ks
title: CCDC 633595: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Guo-Ding Sheng, Liang Shen, Yin-Zhi Jin, Juan Mei|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|m241|doi:10.1107/S1600536806053566
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/14g-h85-jpa
title: Dianthus orientalis subsp. orientalis Adams

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/sc8-r34-va6
title: Dianthus orientalis Adams

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/z91-5bq-pkz
title: Dianthus orientalis Adams

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp89lt
title: CCDC 633596: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: A.Sivaramakrishna, Hong Su, J.R.Moss|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|m244|doi:10.1107/S160053680605358X
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/9ej-lvk-xwy
title: Dianthus crinitus subsp. nuristanicus (Gilli) Rech. f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/qzn-d80-42w
title: Dianthus monspessulanus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp2znc
title: CCDC 628483: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Shu-Ping Yang, Li-Jun Han, Da-Qi Wang, Tie-Zhu Ding|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|o313|doi:10.1107/S1600536806053554
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp89mv
title: CCDC 633597: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Li-Li Zhang, Wei-Guang Zhang, Hui Zhong, Yu Zhang|2007|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|63|m235|doi:10.1107/S1600536806053591
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/stj-0dv-fek
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/h1v-3k9-j43
title: Heterostegina depressa d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pd1-mbr-rsk
title: Karreriella novangliae (Cushman, 1922)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/abf-2tb-7qf
title: Hibolithes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vty-7m5-4em
title: Hibolithes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/esj-57c-9a0
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1ha-xb8-jv2
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/etr-4n2-wql
title: Duvalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bmj-mka-j6d
title: Belemnites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/v8l-f96-3t0
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ar9-dxm-007
title: Elphidium Montfort, 1808

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y60-d7c-7s3
title: †Alveolina boscii (Defrance in Bronn, 1825)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tm9p4g
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 17 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is one of (Plant Specimen in Yunnan, China from Herbarium (PE),Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500,000 plant Specimens from PE Herbarium in China from 1950 to 1999)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Cycas multipinnata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 17 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021658-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/2gv-rkl-2k2
title: Sclerochilus Sars, 1866

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/8jb-bp3-knw
title: Discorbis Lamarck, 1804

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/k5f-x72-q73
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ws8-cg5-22e
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/173-7tc-sds
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jrj-ve5-a5g
title: Affinetrina quadrilateralis (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3cb-cem-t86
title: †Paracladiscites indicus Mojsisovics, 1896

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gk2-qmy-72f
title: Sigmoilopsis flintii (Cushman, 1946)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dj9-n5l-e6v
title: Duvalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fcz-5ff-8hr
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/336-56r-mzj
title: Baculogypsinoides spinosus Yabe & Hanzawa, 1930

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pss-ahx-ljr
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/6wh-k3z-zr4
title: Crioceratites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1j2-s05-nhh
title: Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny, 1826)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/zpg-9ym-mk5
title: †Metalegoceras sundaicum (Haniel, 1915)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/29h-w1y-d76
title: Popanoceras

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wvn-sfr-z47
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/rht-6tk-7p9
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y5t-sgq-4gs
title: Pseudothurmannia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/cax-z6j-1kq
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/zfn-nbt-tr4
title: Pseudothurmannia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2nw-p1g-3wr
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mep-tfp-fkd
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hbq-kd3-qal
title: Elphidium craticulatum (Fichtel & Moll, 1798)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pfa-t0a-ga4
title: Guttulina d'Orbigny, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wba-059-n5t
title: Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny in Deshayes, 1830

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/x3x-dv9-91a
title: Juvavites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1lt-dge-ktp
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hx6ssz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Annona muricata",
 "Country is Palau",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0080052-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16636896
title: Dimensional Reaction Escape: Evidence of Kinetic Extraction from Black Hole Gravity in AT2022dbl.   RJW

description: The transient event AT2022dbl presents a serious challenge to classical black hole theory: a stellar object appears to have undergone partial tidal disruption by a black hole—and survived. Traditional interpretations under General Relativity (GR) treat the event horizon as a one-way boundary, beyond which matter and information are irretrievably lost. Yet the AT2022dbl signature suggests rebound and partial escape, demanding a revised framework for proximity dynamics near black holes.

This paper introduces a Dimensional Reaction Escape model in which energy extraction occurs via reaction mass dynamics and momentum redistribution. We show that conservation of energy and momentum holds under a corrected relativistic + quantum framework when one includes higher-dimensional entropy flow and angular momentum torsion.

The core dynamic is governed by:

Mescape=M0−Mfall,ΔE=[12Mescapev2]post−[12M0v2]pre<0M_{\text{escape}} = M_0 - M_{\text{fall}}, \quad \Delta E = \left[ \frac{1}{2} M_{\text{escape}} v^2 \right]_{\text{post}} - \left[ \frac{1}{2} M_0 v^2 \right]_{\text{pre}} < 0Mescape=M0−Mfall,ΔE=[21Mescapev2]post−[21M0v2]pre<0

But under our model, this negative energy gap is closed by:

ΔEgain=∫Φ(r) dMfall+τ⋅ω+δS5DT\Delta E_{\text{gain}} = \int \Phi(r) \, dM_{\text{fall}} + \tau \cdot \omega + \delta S_{5D} TΔEgain=∫Φ(r)dMfall+τ⋅ω+δS5DT

Where:





Φ(r)\Phi(r)Φ(r): gravitational potential gradient of the black hole




τ⋅ω\tau \cdot \omegaτ⋅ω: torque-angular velocity term capturing angular momentum exchange




δS5DT\delta S_{5D} TδS5DT: entropy-based leakage from a 5D dimensional framework, acting as an energy supplement



This opens a new energy transfer pathway through which material can rebound from within the gravitational well, not by violating GR, but by completing it with quantum and entropic corrections.

We compare the predictive outcomes of this model to standard TDE (tidal disruption event) models and show where this framework better explains the escape trajectory, asymmetry of the ejection, and observed temporal signal structure.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16636895
title: Dimensional Reaction Escape: Evidence of Kinetic Extraction from Black Hole Gravity in AT2022dbl.   RJW

description: The transient event AT2022dbl presents a serious challenge to classical black hole theory: a stellar object appears to have undergone partial tidal disruption by a black hole—and survived. Traditional interpretations under General Relativity (GR) treat the event horizon as a one-way boundary, beyond which matter and information are irretrievably lost. Yet the AT2022dbl signature suggests rebound and partial escape, demanding a revised framework for proximity dynamics near black holes.

This paper introduces a Dimensional Reaction Escape model in which energy extraction occurs via reaction mass dynamics and momentum redistribution. We show that conservation of energy and momentum holds under a corrected relativistic + quantum framework when one includes higher-dimensional entropy flow and angular momentum torsion.

The core dynamic is governed by:

Mescape=M0−Mfall,ΔE=[12Mescapev2]post−[12M0v2]pre<0M_{\text{escape}} = M_0 - M_{\text{fall}}, \quad \Delta E = \left[ \frac{1}{2} M_{\text{escape}} v^2 \right]_{\text{post}} - \left[ \frac{1}{2} M_0 v^2 \right]_{\text{pre}} < 0Mescape=M0−Mfall,ΔE=[21Mescapev2]post−[21M0v2]pre<0

But under our model, this negative energy gap is closed by:

ΔEgain=∫Φ(r) dMfall+τ⋅ω+δS5DT\Delta E_{\text{gain}} = \int \Phi(r) \, dM_{\text{fall}} + \tau \cdot \omega + \delta S_{5D} TΔEgain=∫Φ(r)dMfall+τ⋅ω+δS5DT

Where:





Φ(r)\Phi(r)Φ(r): gravitational potential gradient of the black hole




τ⋅ω\tau \cdot \omegaτ⋅ω: torque-angular velocity term capturing angular momentum exchange




δS5DT\delta S_{5D} TδS5DT: entropy-based leakage from a 5D dimensional framework, acting as an energy supplement



This opens a new energy transfer pathway through which material can rebound from within the gravitational well, not by violating GR, but by completing it with quantum and entropic corrections.

We compare the predictive outcomes of this model to standard TDE (tidal disruption event) models and show where this framework better explains the escape trajectory, asymmetry of the ejection, and observed temporal signal structure.
DOI: 10.15139/s3/glv1e4
title: Data Management and Sharing Plan for: Chronic Health Conditions in Down Syndrome-Associated Acute Leukemia: The Down Syndrome Phenotyping Acute Leukemia Study in Survivors (DS-PALS Survivors)

description: The Data Management and Sharing Plan describes the scientific data to be generated and/or used in the research and outlines a strategy for managing and sharing project data.
description: Data Management and Sharing Plan
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15256148
title: 호지 추측의 증명. 5 - 이상운 정리를 기반으로 한 호지 추측의 실제 문제에서 적용 및 계산
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15256149
title: 호지 추측의 증명. 5 - 이상운 정리를 기반으로 한 호지 추측의 실제 문제에서 적용 및 계산
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t9hv83
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 459388 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Phylloscopus sibillatrix (Bechstein, 1792)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 459388 records from 1039 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008130-250415084134356/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17612/ekks-3796
title: Hydrodynamic dispersion in thin porous channels with controlled microtexture
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110613024
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1820, PF 1820

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF 1820 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on upper edge and right edge. Seal impression on upper edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Minimal damage to tablet.
DOI: 10.17612/gxrt-bd26
title: Methane hydrate formation during gas injection into saturated sand
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110614657
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0882, PF-NN 0882

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0882 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on upper edge, right edge and reverse. Seal impression on reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Obverse chipped toward round edge.
DOI: 10.17612/p7vq2g
title: X-ray micro-tomography datasets of mixed-wet carbonate reservoir rocks for in situ effective contact angle measurements

description: Three high resolution X-ray micro-tomography datasets of carbonate reservoir rock samples obtained after 20 pore volumes of waterflooding at subsurface conditions. The three samples (Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3) have been aged to restore the reservoir wetting conditions (mixed-wettability). The mixed wetting conditions have been characterized by in situ effective contact angle measurements using the automated algorithm developed by AlRatrout et al., 2017 applied on the segmented images.

More details can be found in Alhammadi et al., 2017:

Alhammadi A.M., AlRatrout, A., Singh, K., Bijeljic, B., Blunt, M.J. In situ characterization of mixed-wettability in a reservoir rock at subsurface conditions. Scientific Reports. 7 (1), 10753 (2017).
DOI: 10.17612/p70963
title: X-ray CMT Images of Abiotic Carbonate Precipitation in Porous Media from a Supersaturated Solution

description: This file contains X-ray computed microtomography (CMT) images used to analyze abiotic carbonate precipitation in porous media from a supersaturated solution. An X-ray transparent and rigid-walled polycarbonate column was developed to hold the sand pack tight during the carbonate precipitation process. The column consisted of a polycarbonate tube with an inner diameter of 3.18 mm, an outer diameter of 9.53 mm, and a height of 44.1 mm. Two polycarbonate discs and two stainless steel springs were used to confine the sand pack in the polycarbonate column. Dry sand particles were hand-tamped on the polycarbonate disc attached to the spring in the column. Then, this compacted sand pack was topped with the second disc and spring, to hold it in position during the experiment. Calcium carbonate (carbonate) precipitation was achieved by using supersaturated solution of carbonate. The supersaturated carbonate solution was flowed to the sand pack to induce calcium carbonate precipitation using the sand grain surfaces as nucleation sites. The flow continued until the porosity was reduced to ~17%, at which point the peristaltic pump could not circulate the fluid at the given flow rate due to the flow resistance caused by lowered porosity and permeability. The sand pack was X-ray CMT imaged prior to precipitation procedure which is referred to as baselines scan (Scan 0). During the experiment, X-ray CMT imaging was conducted on the sand pack column when a significant reduction in permeability was observed. Total three precipitation scans (Scan 1,2, and 3) were obtained.