DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d7wm37qd4
title: Data from: Ongoing India-Eurasia collision predominantly driven by Sumatra-Java slab pull

description: Continued India-Eurasia convergence since the early Paleogene has led to
 the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. Yet the primary driving mechanisms
 of this protracted convergence remain debated. Here we provide the
 holistic quantification of various driving forces to this convergence
 using high-resolution, plate-boundary-resolving global convection models.
 We present six comparison models. The first grouping of models, comprising
 Models 1 through 3, is designed to examine the role of plate-boundary
 forces at the India-Tibet collision zone. With Model 1 being the reference
 model, Models 2 and 3 examine the plate-boundary force at the India-Tibet
 collision zone by varying the weak zone factor and the Indian slab
 structure. The second grouping of models includes Models 1 and 4, focusing
 on the role of plate-boundary forces at the Sumatra-Java boundary. The
 third grouping, consisting of Models 1, 5, and 6, explores the effects of
 basal drag beneath the Indo-Australian plate. For each model, we provide
 raw data from global model calculations within the depth range of 0-400
 km. Our study implies that slab pull from Sumatra-Java subduction is the
 predominant driving force of India-Eurasia convergence.
description: # Data from: Ongoing India-Eurasia collision predominantly driven by
 Sumatra-Java slab pull Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.d7wm37qd4](10.5061/dryad.d7wm37qd4) ## Description of the
 data and file structure The experimental work involved collecting data
 from high-resolution global convection models to study the ongoing
 India-Eurasia convergence, which has led to the formation of the Tibetan
 Plateau. These models integrated observational constraints to quantify
 various driving forces behind this convergence. ### Files and variables
 #### File: Model1.zip **Description:** Model 1 is the best-fitting model
 that reproduces the surface plate observations, including plate motions
 and plate deformation patterns. The results of Model 1 represent the
 driving mechanisms behind the India-Eurasia convergence in the real Earth.
 Model1.zip contains five folders, each named to represent data at a
 specific depth. Within each folder, there are three CSV files
 corresponding to that depth: 1. CSV files named with
 "primary_contour" contain the coordinates of each point along
 with velocity and pressure data. 2. CSV files named with
 "secondary_contour" include the coordinates of each point along
 with viscosity and strain rate second invariant (strainrate_sqrt_2inv)
 data. 3. CSV files named with "viscstress_contour" provide the
 coordinates of each point along with stress tensor data. Explanation of
 variables in the CSV files: 1. "Points:0", "Points:1",
 "Points:2" refer to the coordinates of points in a
 three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. All points are inside a
 sphere with a radius of 1, and each point's coordinates are
 (Points:0, Points:1, Points:2). (Dimensionless) 2. "velocity:0",
 "velocity:1", "velocity:2" refer to the velocity
 components in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, meaning the
 velocity at each point is (velocity:0, velocity:1, velocity:2). Unit:
 mm/yr 3. "viscstress_diag:0", "viscstress_diag:1",
 "viscstress_diag:2", "viscstress_offdiag:0",
 "viscstress_offdiag:1", "viscstress_offdiag:2"
 represent the six components of the stress tensor.
 "viscstress_diag:0", "viscstress_diag:1",
 "viscstress_diag:2" are the diagonal elements of the tensor,
 while "viscstress_offdiag:0", "viscstress_offdiag:1",
 "viscstress_offdiag:2" are the off-diagonal elements. 4.
 "pressure": dynamic pressure. Unit: Pa 5.
 "strainrate_sqrt_2inv": the second invariant of the strain rate
 tensor. Unit: 1/s 6. "viscosity": Unit: Pa·s 7.
 "Normals:0","Normals:1","Normals:2" refer to
 the normal vector of each point, which is (Normals:0, Normals:1,
 Normals:2). 8. "Rad" is the distance from each point to the
 center of the sphere, which is calculated as Rad = sqrt(Points:0 *
 Points:0 + Points:1 * Points:1 + Points:2 * Points:2). #### File:
 Model2.zip **Description:** Model 2 builds on Model 1 by varying the weak
 zone factor to facilitate the effective transmission of the Indian slab
 pull to the surface plate, and it discusses the role of plate-boundary
 forces at the India-Tibet collision zone. The file structure and variables
 of Model 2 are the same as those described in Model 1. #### File:
 Model4.zip **Description:** Model 4 discusses the role of plate-boundary
 forces at the Sumatra-Java boundary by increasing the weak zone factor,
 thereby enhancing the coupling between the subducting slab and the
 overlying plate. The file structure and variables of Model 4 are the same
 as those described in Model 1. #### File: Model5.zip
 **Description:** Model 5 examines the role of basal drag through
 incorporating mantle’s high-temperature thermal anomalies. The file
 structure and variables of Model 5 are the same as those described in
 Model 1. #### File: Model3.zip **Description:** Model 3 explores the
 impact of different mantle structures on surface motion and deformation by
 altering the structure of the subducting slab beneath the Tibetan Plateau.
 The file structure and variables of Model 3 are the same as those
 described in Model 1. #### File: Model6.zip **Description:** Model 6
 investigates the role of basal drag by reducing the lower mantle
 viscosity. The file structure and variables of Model 6 are the same as
 those described in Model 1. ## Code/software You can view and process the
 .csv files using free or open-source software such as LibreOffice Calc or
 Google Sheets for basic tasks, or programming languages like Python and
 C++ for advanced data processing and analysis.