cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01329
title: Human Capital Growth in a Cross Section of U.S. Metropolitan Areas
title: Archival Version

description: Human capital growth, defined as the change in the fraction of a metropolitan area's labor force with a bachelor's degree, is typically viewed as generating a number of desirable outcomes, including economic growth. Yet, in spite of its importance, few empirical studies have explored why some economies accumulate more human capital than others. This paper attempts to do so using a sample of more than 200 metropolitan areas in the United States over the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. The results reveal two consistently significant correlates of human capital growth: population and the existing stock of college-educated labor. Given that population growth and human capital growth are both positively associated with education, these results suggest that the geographic distributions of population and human capital should have become more concentrated in recent decades. That is, larger, more-educated metropolitan areas should have exhibited the fastest rates of increase in both population and education and thus 'pulled away' from smaller, less-education metropolitan areas. The evidence largely supports this conclusion.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: One file, 0603cw.exe, which unzips to the data and program files with a readme file, were submitted.
These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01330
title: Macroeconomic News and Real Interest Rates
title: Archival Version

description: Economic news affects the perceptions of investors, forecasters, and policymakers about the strength or weakness of the economy. These expectations are updated on the basis of regularly occurring surprises in macroeconomic announcement data. The response of asset prices to positive or negative announcement surprises has been a regular feature of the literature for more than 20 years. In this vein, the authors evaluate the responses of the yield of 10-year Treasury inflation-indexed securities to nearly three dozen macroeconomic announcements. They find that the real long-term rate of interest responds positively to surprises in a handful of key macroeconomic indicators, including labor productivity growth. Also, the authors find no support for the proposition that the Federal Reserve has information about its actions or the state of the real economy that is not in the public domain and, hence, not already priced in the real long-term interest rate.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) One program file, 0603kkp.prg, was submitted. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01332
title: What Are the Odds? Option-Based Forecasts of FOMC Target Changes
title: Archival Version

description: This article uses the probability forecasts derived from options to assess evolving market uncertainty about Federal Reserve monetary policy actions in a variety of recent events and episodes. Options on federal funds futures contracts reveal a complete probability density function over possible Federal Reserve target rates, thus augmenting the expectations provided by federal funds futures contracts. Option-based forecasts are most useful when more than two federal funds target outcomes are plausible at an upcoming policy meeting.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The file submitted is the data file 0611cnd.xls. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr03783
title: ABC News/Washington Post War Poll #1, April 2003
title: Archival Version

description: This special topic poll, conducted April 3, 2003, was undertaken to assess public opinion on the war against Iraq. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way President George W. Bush was handling the presidency, whether they supported or opposed the war, how the war was going, how long the war would last, the chances that the United States would become bogged down in a drawn-out war in Iraq, and whether Bush, his advisors, and military leaders underestimated the difficulty of the war. Views were sought on whether the number of United States military casualties had been acceptable, whether additional military casualties were anticipated, whether the Iraqi resistance had been tougher or weaker than expected, whether efforts to avoid civilian casualties had been adequate, and whether the battle for control of Baghdad would be difficult or easy. Those polled were asked whether weapons of mass destruction must be found for the war to be justified. A series of questions addressed the illness known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Topics covered whether respondents were concerned that they or someone in their family might catch SARS and whether they were more concerned that they or someone in their family might catch SARS or be a victim of a terrorist attack. Background information on respondents includes gender, and political party.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: ABC News/Washington Post Poll Series
description: Additional information about sampling, interviewing, weighting, and sampling error may be found in the codebook.
The data are provided as an SPSS portable file.
This collection has not been processed by ICPSR staff. ICPSR is distributing the data and documentation for this collection in essentially the same form in which they were received. When appropriate, documentation has been converted to Portable Document Format (PDF), data files have been converted to non-platform-specific formats, and variables have been recoded to ensure respondents' anonymity.
Produced by Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch, Horsham, PA, 2003.
description: Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States.
description: Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was home at the time of the interview.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr03785
title: ABC News/Washington Post War Poll #3, April 2003
title: Archival Version

description: This special topic poll, conducted April 16, 2003, was undertaken to assess public opinion on the war against Iraq. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way President George W. Bush was handling the presidency, whether they supported or opposed the war, and whether the United States was doing enough to restore civil order in Iraq. Opinions were sought on the importance of the United States capturing or killing Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, finding biological or chemical weapons in Iraq, restoring civil order in Baghdad and elsewhere, providing humanitarian aid, rebuilding the infrastructure in Iraq, and helping establish a new government in Iraq. Those polled were asked whether the United States or the United Nations should take the lead in awarding contracts to companies for rebuilding the infrastructure, helping maintain civil order until a new government is established, and helping establish a new government in Iraq. Views were sought on whether the war with Iraq was considered part of the war against terrorism, whether the war would increase the risk of further terrorism in the United States, and the chances that the United States would become bogged down in a drawn-out peace keeping operation in Iraq. A series of questions addressed Syria and North Korea, nations accused of developing weapons of mass destruction and supporting terrorists by the Bush administration. Topics covered the possible use of diplomatic/economic pressure, military force, and going to war to remove their governments from power. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, and political party.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: ABC News/Washington Post Poll Series
description: Additional information about sampling, interviewing, weighting, and sampling error may be found in the codebook.
The data are provided as an SPSS portable file.
This collection has not been processed by ICPSR staff. ICPSR is distributing the data and documentation for this collection in essentially the same form in which they were received. When appropriate, documentation has been converted to Portable Document Format (PDF), data files have been converted to non-platform-specific formats, and variables have been recoded to ensure respondents' anonymity.
Produced by Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch, Horsham, PA, 2003.
description: Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States.
description: Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was home at the time of the interview.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01333
title: Transition to Electronic Communications Networks in the Secondary Treasury Market
title: Archival Version

description: This article reviews the history of the recent shift to electronic trading in equity, foreign exchange, and fixed-income markets. The authors analyze a new data set: the eSpeed electronic Treasury network. They contrast the market microstructure of the eSpeed trading platform with the traditional voice-assisted networks that report through GovPX. The electronic market (eSpeed) has greater volume, smaller spreads, and a lower estimated trade impact than the voice market (GovPX).
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The file submitted is the data file 0611cn2d.xls. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01334
title: Rising Natural Gas Prices and Real Economic Activity
title: Archival Version

description: In the aftermath of the disruptions caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita, natural gas prices rose to record-high levels. Because natural gas is an important energy source for the United States economy, there was widespread concern that these high prices might cause a significant slowing in the economy-especially among those manufacturing industries that heavily consume natural gas. The analysis presented in this article suggests that output is responsive to natural gas prices in some manufacturing sectors. Although perhaps significant, this result must be balances against the findings that, when the analysis is extended to the macroeconomy (real gross domestic product growth), increases in crude oil prices significantly predict real gross domestic product growth, but natural gas prices do not.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The files submitted are the data 0611kkd.xls and the program 0611kkp.prg. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01335
title: The 1990s Acceleration in Labor Productivity: Causes and Measurement
title: Archival Version

description: The acceleration of labor productivity growth that began during the mid-1990s is the defining economic event of the past decade. A consensus has arisen among economists that the acceleration was caused by technological innovations that decreased the quality-adjusted prices of semiconductors and related information and communications technology (ICT) products, including digital computers. In sharp contrast to the previous 20 years, services-producing sectors heavy users of ICT products-led the productivity increase, besting even a robust manufacturing sector. In this article, the authors survey the performance of the services-producing and goods-producing sectors and examine revisions to aggregate labor productivity data of the type commonly discussed by policymakers. The revisions, at times, were large enough to reverse preliminary conclusions regarding productivity growth slowdowns and accelerations. The anticipated acceleration in the services sector and the large size of revisions to aggregate data combine to shed light on why economists were slow to recognize the productivity acceleration.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The file submitted is the data file 0605rad.xls. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01336
title: Do Inflation Targeters Outperform Non-Targeters?
title: Archival Version

description: Ten years of empirical studies of inflation targeting have not uncovered clear evidence that monetary policy that incorporates formal targets imparts better inflation performance. The authors survey the literature and find that the "no difference" verdict concerning inflation targeting has been robust to a wide range of countries and methods of analysis, starting with a study by Dueker and Fischer (1996a). The authors present updated Markov-switching estimates from the original Dueker and Fisher (1996a) article and show that their early conclusions about inflation targeting among early adopters have not been overturned with an additional decade of data. These findings to date do not rule out the possibility, however, that formal inflation targets could prove pivotal if the global environment of disinflation were to reverse course.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The files submitted are the data files in 0609mdd.zip and the program files in 0609mdp.zip. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01337
title: What Happens to Banks When House Prices Fall? U.S. Regional Busts of the 1980s and 1990s
title: Archival Version

description: The recent rapid appreciation of house prices in many U.S. markets has prompted concern over the possible effects of a sharp decline in prices, especially for commercial banks and other real estate lenders. This article examines regional real estate booms and busts in the 1980s and 1990s: Only about half of state house price booms were followed by a severe decline in prices, but large house price declines experienced high loan default rates and, thus, low profit and high failure rates. Although U.S. banks may have become more exposed to residential real estate recently, they appear less vulnerable to a decline in house prices than banks in states with large price declines in the earlier period.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The file submitted is the data file 0609dwd.xls. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01338
title: Recent Trends in Homeownership
title: Archival Version

description: The homeownership rate began to trend upward in 1995 after years of being relatively constant, near 64 percent. This article describes recent changes in the share of United States housing that is owner-occupied and explores the reasons for the surprising rise over the past decade. Explanations that have been offered include demographics, low mortgage rates, changes in housing policy, and innovations in the mortgage financial market. Of all these explanations, the most plausible one is that innovations in the financial markets increased access to mortgage finance, mainly by reducing downpayment constraints and allowing younger people to buy homes.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The file submitted is the data file 0609wgd.xls. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01340
title: Understanding the Fed
title: Archival Version

description: This article was originally presented as a speech at the Dyer County Chamber of Commerce Annual Membership Luncheon, Dyersburg, Tennessee, August 31, 2006.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01341
title: The Rise in Personal Bankruptcies: The Eighth Federal Reserve District and Beyond
title: Archival Version

description: Personal bankruptcy filings in the United States increased, per capita, nearly 350 percent between 1980 and 2005. This paper first addresses the changes in economic and institutional factors that have occurred over the past 100 years, many of which have occurred in the past 30 years, which are likely contributors to the dramatic rise in personal bankruptcy filings seen across the country. These factors include a reduction in personal savings, an increase in consumer debt, the proliferation of revolving credit, changes to bankruptcy law, and a reduced social stigma associated with filing for bankruptcy. Given the availability of bankruptcy data at various levels of aggregation, the remaining sections of the paper contain results from several different empirical analyses of bankruptcy filings using various data sets. Careful attention is paid to personal bankruptcy filings in counties located in Eighth Federal Reserve District states.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01342
title: The Varying Effects of Predatory Lending Laws on High-Cost Mortgage Applications
title: Archival Version

description: Federal, state, and local predatory lending laws are designed to restrict and in some cases prohibit certain types of high-cost mortgage credit in the subprime market. Empirical evidence using the spatial variation in these laws shows that the aggregate flow of high-cost mortgage credit can increase, decrease, or be unchanged after these laws are enacted. Although it may seem counterintuitive to find that a law that prohibits lending could be associated with more lending, it is hypothesized that a law may reduce the cost of sorting honest loans from dishonest loans and lessens borrowers' fears of predation, thus stimulating the high-cost mortgage market.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01343
title: Trends in Neighborhood-Level Unemployment in the United States: 1980 to 2000
title: Archival Version

description: Although the average rate of unemployment across U.S. metropolitan areas declined between 1980 and 2000, the geographic concentration of the unemployed rose sharply over this period. That is, residential neighborhoods throughout the nation's metropolitan areas became increasingly divided into high- and low-unemployment areas. This paper documents this trend using data on more than 165,000 U.S. Census block groups (neighborhoods) in 361 metropolitan areas over the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. It also examines three potential explanations: (i) urban decentralization, (ii) industrial shifts and declining unionization, and (iii) increasing segregation by income and education. The results offer little support for either of the first two explanations. Rising residential concentration of the unemployed shows little association with changes in population density, industrial composition, or union activity. It does, however, show a significant association with both the degree of segregation according to income as well as education, suggesting that decreases in the extent to which individuals with different levels of income and education live in the same neighborhood may help account for this trend.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01344
title: The Lower and Upper Bounds of the Federal Open Market Committee's Long-Run Inflation Objective
title: Archival Version

description: It is widely acknowledged that the Fed can control the average inflation rate over a period of time reasonably well. Because of this and the Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC's) long-standing commitment to price stability, the author argues that the FOMC has an implicit long-run inflation objective (LIO) lower and upper bounds to the long-run inflation rate. He shows that the statements made by the FOMC in 2003 clarified the lower bound of its LIO and that the average of long-run inflation expectations responded by rising about 80 basis points. Moreover, consistent with reducing the market's uncertainty about the FOMC's LIO, long-run inflation expectations became more stable. The FOMC has recently been more specific about the upper bound of its LIO as well. The FOMC could eliminate the remaining uncertainty by establishing an explicit, numerical inflation objective.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) One Excel file is both a data and program file. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01345
title: Granger Causality and Equilibrium Business Cycle Theory
title: Archival Version

description: Postwar United States data show that consumption growth 'Granger-causes' output and investment growth, which is puzzling if technology is the driving force of the business cycle. The author asks whether general equilibrium models with information frictions and non-technology shocks can rationalize the observed causal relationships. His conclusion is they cannot.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) In the zipped package that is released are both a data and a program file. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.