DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4hs
title: Data from: Local adaptation in parapatric and sympatric mosaic coastal habitats through trait divergence of Setaria viridis

description: This study aimed to determine how coastal variants of plants arise from
 local populations under natural selection by studying variations in
 phenotypic variations and survival of Setaria viridis populations
 inhabiting mosaic environments of two seashores in Japan. S.viridis
 populations comprised five coastal variants showing significantly higher
 salt spray tolerance than the inland variant: ST, short and tolerant
 (common variant); TM, tall and mid-tolerant (Inland Sea); TT, tall and
 tolerant; PT, prostrate and tolerant; L, extremely late flowering; I,
 inland and susceptible variants. These variations imply that maritime
 plants first acquired salt spray tolerance for survival, after which
 compact plants evolved in habitats where strong winds caused damage from
 salt spray. Results indicate that diverse intensities of salt spray and
 winds as well as summer drought generated various coastal variations in
 parapatry and sympatry.
description: To identify adaptive traits, common garden experiments were
 performed to determine the variations in morphology, salt spray tolerance,
 and flowering time among populations in four adjacent habitats at two
 localities. To determine selective agents and their adaptation, field
 transplant experiments were performed for inland and coastal variants.
 Population dynamics and flowering phenology were monitored to detect
 damage from seasonal selections. Finally, the inheritance of adaptive
 traits was tested by examining the variation in adaptive traits of four
 F<sub>2</sub> populations.
description: # Data from: Local adaptation in parapatric and sympatric mosaic coastal
 habitats through trait divergence of *Setaria viridis* ## File list and
 description ### 1 2020\_Morphology\_SSTI.txt Results of common garden
 experiments in 2020 for individuals from various habitats at three
 localities. Morphological traits and salt spray tolerance (SSTI) were
 examined. Collection sites: A (Maruyama island in the Seto Inland Sea), B
 (Cape Muroto facing the Pacific Ocean), and C (Cape Naruto facing the
 Pacific Ocean). Habitats: Site A (SS, sandy shore; HL, hinterland), Site B
 (PS, pebble shore; RC, rock crack), C (FG, flower garden; RC, rock cliff).
 Measured traits: * DayTH, days to heading; * PL, plant length (cm); * PaL,
 panicle length (cm); * PaW, panicle width (cm); * CL, culm length (cm); *
 FLL, flag leaf length (cm); * SLL, second leaf length (cm); * 1INTL, first
 internode length (cm); * 1SL, first sheath length (cm); * 2INTL, second
 internode length (cm); * 2SL, second sheath length (cm); * NoT, number of
 tillers; * SSTI, salt spray tolerance index (1 to 6). ### 2
 2021\_Morphology\_SSTI.txt Results of common garden experiments in 2021
 for individuals from various habitats at two localities. Measurements and
 abbreviations are as in file 1. ### 3
 2020\_Lateflowering\_Morphology\_SSTI.csv Results of common garden
 experiments in 2020 for late flowering individuals from pebble shore and
 rock cracks at Site B (Cape Muroto). Measurements and abbreviations are as
 in file 1. ### 4 2021\_Lateflowering\_Morphology\_SSTI.csv Results of
 common garden experiments in 2020 for late flowering individuals from
 pebble shore and rock cracks at Site B (Cape Muroto). Measurements and
 abbreviations are as in file 1. ### 5 20202021\_Transplant.txt Results of
 transplant experiments of four coastal and inland variants of *S. viridis*
 at the cliff and inland in 2020 and 2021. Survival rate (SurvRate (%)),
 number of panicles per plant (NOPan/plant), and total dry weight
 (TDW/plant (g)) were recorded. Five variants differing in plant size and
 salt spray tolerance were as follows: ST, short and tolerant (common
 variant); TM, tall and mid-tolerant (Inland Sea); TT, tall and tolerant;
 PT, prostrate and tolerant; L, extremely late flowering; I, inland and
 susceptible variants. ### 6 20202021\_siteB\_Monitoring.txt Monitoring by
 mapping individuals in pebble shore and rock cracks at Cape Muroto in 2020
 and 2021. Number of plants/quadrate (NOPlant), number of flowering
 plants/quadrate (NOFlower), survival rate (SurvRate (%)) and flowering
 rate (FlowerRate (%)) were recorded at every observation time. Data from
 Site B for April and May 2020 and April 2021 were lacking due to the
 travel restrictions enforced during the COVID-19 pandemic. ### 7
 20142015\_siteA\_Monitoring.txt Monitoring by mapping individuals on the
 sandy shore and hinterland at Maruyama Island in 2014 and 2015. Records
 were as file 6. Abbreviations of variants are as in file 5. ### 8
 2015\_TyphoonEffect.txt Effects of typhoon GONI hit on 26 August 2015 on
 the survival of individuals on the sandy shore and hinterland at Maruyama
 Island. Numbers of living plants/quadrate (NOLiving) were shown before and
 after a typhoon touched down to calculate the number of plants destroyed
 by the typhoon (NODead). ### 9 SSTI\_F2Segregation.txt Segregations of
 four F2 populations in salt spray tolerance (SSTI). Abbreviations of
 variants are as in file 5. ### 10 Plantlength\_F2Segregation.txt
 Segregations of four F2 populations in plant length. Abbreviations of
 variants are as in file 5. ### 11 Daystoheading\_F2Segregation.txt
 Segregations of four F2 populations in days to heading. Abbreviations of
 variants are as in file 5. ### 12 SSTI\_F2F3Correlation.txt Correlations
 of two F2 and F3 populations in salt spray tolerance (SSTI). Abbreviations
 of variants are as in file 5. ### 13
 Daystoheading\_Lateflowering\_Progeny.txt Days to the heading of the
 progeny of individuals flowering at an intermediate time between normal
 flowering plants and extremely late flowering plants (L variant). The late
 and normal flowering plants (L and PT variants) were used as standards.