cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12759865
title: Dataset for "Extensive Schmallenberg virus circulation in Germany, 2023"

description: Wild ruminant sera (red deer, roe deer, mouflon) collected during the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 hunting seasons in western Germany were serologically tested for the presence of antibodies against Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). The dataset contains the values of the SBV and BTV antibody ELISAs.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12759866
title: Dataset for "Extensive Schmallenberg virus circulation in Germany, 2023"

description: Wild ruminant sera (red deer, roe deer, mouflon) collected during the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 hunting seasons in western Germany were serologically tested for the presence of antibodies against Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). The dataset contains the values of the SBV and BTV antibody ELISAs.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4tmuqg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 86 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Afrixalus stuhlmanni (Pfeffer, 1893)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 86 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004060-241007104925546/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48677/44383ad7-578d-40ac-9ffe-1e068b25b602
title: Kartographisches Modell 1:500 000 Vektor Stichtag 23.07.2018

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:500 000 - Vektor (KM500-V) beinhaltet die maßstabsbezogenen generalisierten Vektordaten der topographischen Übersichtskarte von Österreich im Maßstab 1:500 000.

Das KM500-V ist in folgende Objektbereiche gegliedert:
• Bodenbedeckung (Waldfläche und Felsen)
• Geländedarstellung
• Gewässer
• Grenzen (Verwaltung, natürliche und kulturelle Raumgliederung)
• Siedlung
• Verkehr

Stichtag = Erstellungsdatum:
Die Daten sind zu diesem Tag der aktuellste Datenbestand des BEV.
Dies ist nicht ident mit dem Aufnahme- bzw. Vermessungsdatum.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27194049.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The predictive value of T lymphocyte subset distribution for the occurrence and prognosis of atrial fibrillation

description: Introduction: The effect of T lymphocytes on atrial fibrillation (AF) is still unclear. We aimed to assess the associations between the T lymphocyte subgroup distribution and incident AF and AF prognosis.
Methods: Consecutive patients were enrolled from June 2020 to October 2021. Their T-cell subgroups, including CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio (CDR) were measured. We assessed the relationships between the CDR and composite endpoints, including hospitalization due to heart failure, stroke or systemic embolism, and cardiovascular mortality rates.
Results: A total of 45905 patients, among whom 818 had AF, were enrolled. The proportions of the T lymphocyte subgroups CD3 (OR 0.9995; 95% CI 0.9993-0.9997, P &lt; 0.001), CD4 (OR 0.9995; 95% CI 0.9991-0.9998, P = 0.004), and CD8 (OR 0.9988; 95% CI 0.9984-0.9992, P &lt; 0.001) and the CDR (OR 1.2714; 95% CI 1.1355-1.4165, P &lt; 0.001) were correlated with AF incidence. The CDR was associated with AF incidence (OR 1.1998; 95% CI 1.0746-1.3336, P&lt;0.001) after adjustment. High CDR was associated with a higher rate of hospitalization due to heart failure (HR 3.45; 95% CI 1.71-6.96, P &lt; 0.001), stroke or systemic embolism (HR 2.54; 95% CI 1.32-4.91, P = 0.005), and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.25; 95% CI 1.05-4.84, P = 0.038). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between CDR strata (HR 1.61; 95% CI 0.90-2.87, P = 0.111).
Conclusion: Elevated CDR was positively associated with the incidence and prognosis of AF. This finding may help improve the prevention and treatment of AF.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26853331
title: Podocotyle concatenated alignment for Polar Biology (2024)

description: Here we provide supplementary data (concatenated alignment of nd1 and coI genes sequences) for our paper.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26853331.v2
title: Podocotyle concatenated alignment for Polar Biology (2024)

description: Here we provide supplementary data (concatenated alignment of nd1 and coI genes sequences) for our paper.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26853331.v1
title: Podocotyle_concatenated_alignment_2024

description: Here we provide supplementary data (concatenated alignment of nd1 and coI genes sequences) for our paper.
DOI: 10.48677/26d3eaed-8c83-4017-8d1f-9875c9c868b2
title: Kartographisches Modell 1:500 000 Vektor Stichtag 01.01.2019

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:500 000 - Vektor (KM500-V) beinhaltet die maßstabsbezogenen generalisierten Vektordaten der topographischen Übersichtskarte von Österreich im Maßstab 1:500 000.

Das KM500-V ist in folgende Objektbereiche gegliedert:
• Bodenbedeckung (Waldfläche und Felsen)
• Geländedarstellung
• Gewässer
• Grenzen (Verwaltung, natürliche und kulturelle Raumgliederung)
• Siedlung
• Verkehr

Stichtag = Erstellungsdatum:
Die Daten sind zu diesem Tag der aktuellste Datenbestand des BEV.
Dies ist nicht ident mit dem Aufnahme- bzw. Vermessungsdatum.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27130230
title: <i>Supporting data for “Microstructure and deformation mechanisms of ultrahigh-strength high-alloyed medium-carbon steel”</i>

description: Ultrastrong steel with a martensite matrix typically possesses limited uniform elongation due to lacking plastic carriers. Carbon, a strong contributor to strength, can deteriorate the ductility of the steel as its content increases. The decrease in ductility is generally attributed to a crystal structural evolution from a cubic structure to a tetragonal structure, which reduces dislocation slip systems. However, in the present thesis, high internal stress in medium or high-carbon martensite, rather than the body-centred tetragonal (BCT) lattice itself, is speculated as the primary cause of the brittleness in ultrahigh-strength steel with a martensite matrix. Based on this hypothesis, a new high-alloyed medium-carbon steel was developed. Microstructure and deformation mechanisms of this developed steel are systematically investigated.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27130230.v1
title: <i>Supporting data for “Microstructure and deformation mechanisms of ultrahigh-strength high-alloyed medium-carbon steel”</i>

description: Ultrastrong steel with a martensite matrix typically possesses limited uniform elongation due to lacking plastic carriers. Carbon, a strong contributor to strength, can deteriorate the ductility of the steel as its content increases. The decrease in ductility is generally attributed to a crystal structural evolution from a cubic structure to a tetragonal structure, which reduces dislocation slip systems. However, in the present thesis, high internal stress in medium or high-carbon martensite, rather than the body-centred tetragonal (BCT) lattice itself, is speculated as the primary cause of the brittleness in ultrahigh-strength steel with a martensite matrix. Based on this hypothesis, a new high-alloyed medium-carbon steel was developed. Microstructure and deformation mechanisms of this developed steel are systematically investigated.
DOI: 10.48677/21f842e7-c93f-4238-bfe9-915e6deb041f
title: Kartographisches Modell 1:500 000 Vektor Stichtag 01.07.2019

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:500 000 - Vektor (KM500-V) beinhaltet die maßstabsbezogenen generalisierten Vektordaten der topographischen Übersichtskarte von Österreich im Maßstab 1:500 000.

Das KM500-V ist in folgende Objektbereiche gegliedert:
• Bodenbedeckung (Waldfläche und Felsen)
• Geländedarstellung
• Gewässer
• Grenzen (Verwaltung, natürliche und kulturelle Raumgliederung)
• Siedlung
• Verkehr

Stichtag = Erstellungsdatum:
Die Daten sind zu diesem Tag der aktuellste Datenbestand des BEV.
Dies ist nicht ident mit dem Aufnahme- bzw. Vermessungsdatum.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27130197
title: Supporting data for “Unraveling the function of Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 (LFA-1) in the testis”.

description: In the testes, LFA-1 is mainly expressed in germ cells, with a notable localization at the heads of elongating spermatids during stages V-VIII of the seminiferous cycle, indicating its potential role in mediating germ cell-Sertoli cell adhesion and maintaining germ cell polarity. Previous research demonstrated that testicular LFA-1 does not interact with ICAM-1 and JAM-A, which are well-known LFA-1 binding partners in the immune system. Following immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis using an anti-αL integrin antibody, three novel LFA-1 binding partners were identified: calreticulin (CRT), doppel (Dpl), and 14-3-3θ.To investigate the role of LFA-1 in germ cells, knockdown cell lines and overexpression vectors for LFA-1, CRT, Dpl, and 14-3-3θ were constructed. Several junctional proteins, including N-cadherin, nectin-2, coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR), JAM-B, and JAM-C, were found to be regulated by LFA-1. Additionally, CRT, Dpl, and 14-3-3θ differentially modulated the expression of these junctional proteins. A cell adhesion assay revealed that fewer germ cells adhered to Sertoli cells in the absence of LFA-1, CRT, and Dpl. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) was found to interact with and negatively regulate the LFA-1 protein complex. LRP1 knockdown by siRNA and inhibition with its antagonist upregulated junctional proteins, mirroring the effects observed in LFA-1 overexpression. Furthermore, inhibiting LRP1 with its antagonist LRPAP1 enhanced germ-Sertoli cell adhesion, an effect similar to LFA-1 overexpression. A regulatory feedback loop involving LFA-1, 14-3-3θ, and LRP1 was identified, with Dpl acting as a positive regulator of LFA-1. Knockdown of LFA-1 and Dpl reduced the polarized localization of LRP1 and decreased the expression of the cell polarity protein PAR3, suggesting their role in regulating cell polarity. Additionally, FAK, RasGAP, b-Raf, and HSP70 were differentially regulated by the LFA-1 protein complex, indicating their potential involvement in LFA-1-mediated signaling pathways governing cell adhesion and polarity.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27130197.v1
title: Supporting data for “Unraveling the function of Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 (LFA-1) in the testis”.

description: In the testes, LFA-1 is mainly expressed in germ cells, with a notable localization at the heads of elongating spermatids during stages V-VIII of the seminiferous cycle, indicating its potential role in mediating germ cell-Sertoli cell adhesion and maintaining germ cell polarity. Previous research demonstrated that testicular LFA-1 does not interact with ICAM-1 and JAM-A, which are well-known LFA-1 binding partners in the immune system. Following immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis using an anti-αL integrin antibody, three novel LFA-1 binding partners were identified: calreticulin (CRT), doppel (Dpl), and 14-3-3θ.To investigate the role of LFA-1 in germ cells, knockdown cell lines and overexpression vectors for LFA-1, CRT, Dpl, and 14-3-3θ were constructed. Several junctional proteins, including N-cadherin, nectin-2, coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR), JAM-B, and JAM-C, were found to be regulated by LFA-1. Additionally, CRT, Dpl, and 14-3-3θ differentially modulated the expression of these junctional proteins. A cell adhesion assay revealed that fewer germ cells adhered to Sertoli cells in the absence of LFA-1, CRT, and Dpl. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) was found to interact with and negatively regulate the LFA-1 protein complex. LRP1 knockdown by siRNA and inhibition with its antagonist upregulated junctional proteins, mirroring the effects observed in LFA-1 overexpression. Furthermore, inhibiting LRP1 with its antagonist LRPAP1 enhanced germ-Sertoli cell adhesion, an effect similar to LFA-1 overexpression. A regulatory feedback loop involving LFA-1, 14-3-3θ, and LRP1 was identified, with Dpl acting as a positive regulator of LFA-1. Knockdown of LFA-1 and Dpl reduced the polarized localization of LRP1 and decreased the expression of the cell polarity protein PAR3, suggesting their role in regulating cell polarity. Additionally, FAK, RasGAP, b-Raf, and HSP70 were differentially regulated by the LFA-1 protein complex, indicating their potential involvement in LFA-1-mediated signaling pathways governing cell adhesion and polarity.
DOI: 10.48677/7066257d-6ac3-4700-b27a-3cf2a74c381f
title: Kartographisches Modell 1:500 000 Vektor Stichtag 01.07.2020

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:500 000 - Vektor (KM500-V) beinhaltet die maßstabsbezogenen generalisierten Vektordaten der topographischen Übersichtskarte von Österreich im Maßstab 1:500 000.

Das KM500-V ist in folgende Objektbereiche gegliedert:
• Bodenbedeckung (Waldfläche und Felsen)
• Geländedarstellung
• Gewässer
• Grenzen (Verwaltung, natürliche und kulturelle Raumgliederung)
• Siedlung
• Verkehr

Stichtag = Erstellungsdatum:
Die Daten sind zu diesem Tag der aktuellste Datenbestand des BEV.
Dies ist nicht ident mit dem Aufnahme- bzw. Vermessungsdatum.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y26n3a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 95216 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gnetopsida"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 95216 records from 936 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004063-241007104925546/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27117642
title: Supporting data for "Multifaceted Masculinity Crises in a Contemporary Chinese Metropolis and Men's Coping Strategies: The Case of Shanghai"

description: Metadata record for interview transcripts and demographic information for thesis entitled "Multifaceted Masculinity Crises in a Contemporary Chinese Metropolis and Men's Coping Strategies: The Case of Shanghai"This thesis explores the multifaceted masculinity crises faced by contemporary middle-class Chinese men and their coping strategies through the lens of Shanghai. Since the Reform and Opening-Up in 1978, Shanghai citizens have faced regional, national, and global forces that have driven significant social, economic, and cultural transformations in the city as a global financial center. Drawing upon 43 in-depth life-history interviews with heterosexual middle-class Shanghai men born after 1976, the study investigates how these men construct and negotiate their masculinities amidst masculinity crises during these changes. It identifies four major sources of masculinity crises: increasing economic pressure, challenges in seeking and maintaining intimate relationships and marriage, potential criticism from rising popular Chinese feminism, and negative portrayals of Shanghai masculinity in regional gender discourses.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27117642.v1
title: Supporting data for "Multifaceted Masculinity Crises in a Contemporary Chinese Metropolis and Men's Coping Strategies: The Case of Shanghai"

description: Metadata record for interview transcripts and demographic information for thesis entitled "Multifaceted Masculinity Crises in a Contemporary Chinese Metropolis and Men's Coping Strategies: The Case of Shanghai"This thesis explores the multifaceted masculinity crises faced by contemporary middle-class Chinese men and their coping strategies through the lens of Shanghai. Since the Reform and Opening-Up in 1978, Shanghai citizens have faced regional, national, and global forces that have driven significant social, economic, and cultural transformations in the city as a global financial center. Drawing upon 43 in-depth life-history interviews with heterosexual middle-class Shanghai men born after 1976, the study investigates how these men construct and negotiate their masculinities amidst masculinity crises during these changes. It identifies four major sources of masculinity crises: increasing economic pressure, challenges in seeking and maintaining intimate relationships and marriage, potential criticism from rising popular Chinese feminism, and negative portrayals of Shanghai masculinity in regional gender discourses.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27108979
title: Supporting data for<b> "</b><b>Radiotherapy induced immunosuppression </b><b>and strategies of protection</b><b> in </b><b>patients with </b><b>breast cancer</b>"

description: This project aims to investigate the most significant risk factors for radiation induced lymphopenia, as a surrogate parameter for evaluating immune suppression after radiotherapy, in breast cancer using AI modeling. The change of lymphocyte subsets and biomarkers in systemic tumor immune environment of breast cancer patients before and after radiation treatment were also tested.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27108979.v1
title: Supporting data for<b> "</b><b>Radiotherapy induced immunosuppression </b><b>and strategies of protection</b><b> in </b><b>patients with </b><b>breast cancer</b>"

description: This project aims to investigate the most significant risk factors for radiation induced lymphopenia, as a surrogate parameter for evaluating immune suppression after radiotherapy, in breast cancer using AI modeling. The change of lymphocyte subsets and biomarkers in systemic tumor immune environment of breast cancer patients before and after radiation treatment were also tested.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bjd4x4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5593 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((41.48479 0.32991,37.41018 -3.86818,36.17545 -7.07848,37.03976 -11.03746,37.41018 -13.87734,34.57029 -16.96417,32.7182 -20.17447,30.61915 -23.7552,26.91496 -31.04255,26.54454 -33.38854,29.24998 -34.82265,33.18571 -32.05701,36.16409 -26.52572,39.14249 -24.3983,47.54578 -28.01491,50.09868 -22.90911,53.07706 -16.20775,51.25898 -12.35148,48.07355 -7.78108,56.10639 -0.99472,73.14154 6.89962,81.45136 3.71419,83.66732 5.09916,83.11333 10.63904,84.08281 15.62494,87.68374 17.14841,91.83865 18.25639,94.3316 14.37846,95.57807 11.88552,95.57807 8.70009,94.74709 4.40667,96.35797 3.19833,97.03764 2.25433,98.68692 0.8856,99.4167 -0.77299,100.31233 -2.36523,102.07043 -4.25601,103.6295 -5.84825,106.64812 -8.26979,113.25263 -9.7543,117.36976 -11.31097,123.81023 -11.77101,127.72053 -10.3909,135.31109 -9.47083,138.64634 -10.27589,140.25647 -12.11603,139.4514 -16.25635,139.33639 -20.39665,142.44164 -24.30695,145.89189 -27.98722,150.78206 -28.6051,153.73842 -28.56671,154.69614 -27.16954,154.23573 -19.75633,149.11232 -18.74717,147.79265 -16.03021,147.09402 -13.62376,151.78516 -12.73735,151.97392 -11.10141,152.6394 -7.11083,155.65053 -3.54503,151.05461 0.65469,149.0736 -1.80175,148.04349 -4.25819,142.65516 -1.56403,139.24785 0.25849,137.1876 -1.64327,135.60279 -2.19795,134.4142 0.17925,132.75015 0.73393,129.65979 1.13013,129.26359 2.95265,125.85626 2.31873,123.39982 4.2205,127.75802 7.07314,128.07499 17.84979,124.82614 21.17787,123.39982 23.00039,122.7659 25.85303,120.94338 26.01151,120.57739 24.974,118.76673 23.97472,119.44234 20.13223,119.83349 17.74981,119.12232 16.18522,116.42087 11.2067,113.55425 19.42935,111.8192 20.9381,110.31045 21.99423,107.3684 25.08715,107.29296 28.85902,104.80353 30.66951,102.23866 29.00989,101.18254 27.04852,92.95988 28.25552,92.28094 26.74677,90.47045 26.14327,87.15122 25.9924,83.83198 26.52046,81.87061 27.57658,80.76584 28.60731,80.58589 28.6433,77.66801 31.88125,75.76875 31.05337,41.48479 0.32991))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Barringtonia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5593 records from 92 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004064-241007104925546/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48677/2b37cd2c-4dfe-40f4-89d4-1f87570ba685
title: Kartographisches Modell 1:500 000 Vektor Stichtag 01.01.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:500 000 - Vektor (KM500-V) beinhaltet die maßstabsbezogenen generalisierten Vektordaten der topographischen Übersichtskarte von Österreich im Maßstab 1:500 000.

Das KM500-V ist in folgende Objektbereiche gegliedert:
• Bodenbedeckung (Waldfläche und Felsen)
• Geländedarstellung
• Gewässer
• Grenzen (Verwaltung, natürliche und kulturelle Raumgliederung)
• Siedlung
• Verkehr

Stichtag = Erstellungsdatum:
Die Daten sind zu diesem Tag der aktuellste Datenbestand des BEV.
Dies ist nicht ident mit dem Aufnahme- bzw. Vermessungsdatum.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27107671
title: Supporting data for "Investigation of the therapeutic values of Flavopiridol in Alzheimer's disease"

description: This metadata-record-only submission provides detailed storage paths for the data produced during my Ph.D. study which firmly stand for the reports and conclusions in my final thesis. These data relating novel therapeutic prospect of our target drug in Alzheimer's disease broaden the insights of either the etiology or the cure of this complicated disease and set a milestone in relative study field.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27107671.v1
title: Supporting data for "Investigation of the therapeutic values of Flavopiridol in Alzheimer's disease"

description: This metadata-record-only submission provides detailed storage paths for the data produced during my Ph.D. study which firmly stand for the reports and conclusions in my final thesis. These data relating novel therapeutic prospect of our target drug in Alzheimer's disease broaden the insights of either the etiology or the cure of this complicated disease and set a milestone in relative study field.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pzs2a9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 51 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Afrixalus sylvaticus Schiøtz, 1974"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 51 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004065-241007104925546/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27107287
title: Supporting data for "Functional Characterisation of Isthmin-1 in Mouse Mammary Gland Development and Branching Morphogenesis".

description: ISM1 is the founding member of a novel secreted proteins family that is characterized by the presence of two domains: a central TSR (thrombospondin type 1 repeat) and a C-terminal AMOP (adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 and other proteins). The biological functions of ISM 1 remains generally unknown. Here we found its role in mammary gland branching morphogenesis and development.
DOI: 10.25442/hku.27107287.v1
title: Supporting data for "Functional Characterisation of Isthmin-1 in Mouse Mammary Gland Development and Branching Morphogenesis".

description: ISM1 is the founding member of a novel secreted proteins family that is characterized by the presence of two domains: a central TSR (thrombospondin type 1 repeat) and a C-terminal AMOP (adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 and other proteins). The biological functions of ISM 1 remains generally unknown. Here we found its role in mammary gland branching morphogenesis and development.
DOI: 10.48677/ab403895-8100-404e-8e67-a21b790eeca7
title: Kartographisches Modell 1:500 000 Vektor Stichtag 01.01.2020

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:500 000 - Vektor (KM500-V) beinhaltet die maßstabsbezogenen generalisierten Vektordaten der topographischen Übersichtskarte von Österreich im Maßstab 1:500 000.

Das KM500-V ist in folgende Objektbereiche gegliedert:
• Bodenbedeckung (Waldfläche und Felsen)
• Geländedarstellung
• Gewässer
• Grenzen (Verwaltung, natürliche und kulturelle Raumgliederung)
• Siedlung
• Verkehr

Stichtag = Erstellungsdatum:
Die Daten sind zu diesem Tag der aktuellste Datenbestand des BEV.
Dies ist nicht ident mit dem Aufnahme- bzw. Vermessungsdatum.