DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15134797
title: TABLE 3 in A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil

description: TABLE 3. Comparative morphological and spicule dimensions, and distribution data for valid published species in the Acarnus “tortilis” group of species. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as minimum–maximum or minimum– average –maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed at the bottom of the table.
SpeciesForm of growthSpiculesOccurrence/ DepthCladotylotesMegascleres others: (t: tylotes; s: styles)Toxas (I—Oxhorn; II—Thin deep-curved; III—Acco- lada)IsochelaeA. toxeata UFBA 2705Thin to thickly encrust- ing growing on rhodo- liths and bivalve shells fragmentsI—161.6– 220.1 –252.5/2.4– 5.5 –7.3. Cladome (14.6– 21.7 –26.8 width) II—82.9– 96.8 –141.5/1.2– 2 – 3.6. Cladome (4.8– 7.6 –12.2 width)t: 191.9– 248.4 –313.1/ 2.4– 3.7 –4.8 s: 343.4– 439.3 –575.7/ 4.8– 7.3 –12.2I—29.2– 45.4 –68.3 II—80– 141.9 –248.8 III—363– 498.9 –616.19.7– 11.3 – 14.6Bahia State (Brazil).A. bergquistae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 19911Thickly incrusting ag- glutinating detritus.I—118–212/ 4–8 II—58–109/3–5t: 183–363/3–7 s: 197–334/ 7–16I—44–110 II—80–265 III—absent7–16Indo-West Pacifc (Aus- tralia, Indonesia, India, Madagascar)/ 10 mA. deweerdtae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 19911Thinly (1mm) incrust- ing undersides of coral rubble.I—190–279 II—105–128/2–4 III—67–86/1–2t: 290–350/3–5 s:400–566/ 5–6I—absent II—40–180 III—160–40015–20Southern, Eastern and Southwestern Caribbean./ 5–100mA. oaxaquensis Aguilar-Ca- macho, Carballo & Cruz- Barraza, 20132Thinly (<1mm) incrust- ing, living inside and over coral cavities.I—125–162.5/3–5, cladome 10–20 II—62.5–82.5/2–3 μm, cladome 7.5–10t: 105–268/2–5 s: 192.5–325/3–10I—57.5–90 II—35–170 III—Absent17.5–25Mexico/ 4m.CladotylotesMegascleres others:Toxas (I—Oxhorn; II—ThinIsochelae(t: tylotes; s: styles)deep-curved; III—Acco-lada)A. sabulum Aguilar-Cama-Thinly incrustingI—100–155/2.5–7.5,t: 140–240/2–5I—25–6010–16Mexico/ 3–4mcho, Carballo & Cruz-Bar-growing on rocky areascladome 10–22.5s: 200–330/2.5–10II—25–115raza, 20132and rhodoliths.II—60–82/2–3 cladomeIII—82.5–167.57.5–12.5A. tenuis Dendy, 1896180–137–154/2t: 96–142–176/2--Australias: 152–184–205/4.A. topsenti Dendy, 19223Digitate53– 76.7 –97/3– 5.1 –8t: 205– 227.4 –262/2–short to long and thick,9– 10.7 –12Indic Ocean (Cargadosto flabellate spongeCladome 5– 8.9 –142.5 –3.5generously curved at theCarajos) /60m.with digitiform pro-s: 204– 223.7 –287/3–centre, with recurved tips,cesses.7.8 –1232– 112.2 –191/1– 2.3 –4A. tortilis Topsent, 18921Massively to thinlyI—113–220/ 3–6t: 250–400/ 3–6Toxa I and II not differenti-11–22Western Mediterranean,incrusting, often ag-II—55–110/1–3.5s: 295–550/5–16ated.Azores, Atlantic coast ofglutinating subustrate20–190/ 0.5–5North Spain, Cape Verdeparticles or algae.III—modified in the formislands./6–91m.of thin straight toxa, lackingthe sharp-angled centralcurve and recurved wings:170–600CladotyloteMegascleres othersToxa (I—Oxhorn; II—ThinIsochelae(t: tylote; s: styles)deep-curved; III—Accolada)A. claudei van Soest,Massive, consolidat-I—160–230/8t: 130–230/ 3–4I—50–200/3–511–18South Africa: CapeHooper & Hiemstra,ing calcareous algae.II—80–110/ 2s: 175–400/ 6–20II—50–140Town, Mossel Bay and19911III—200–250Pt. Elisabeth.A. erithacus deMassive, cushion-I—180–610/5–t: 160–420/2.5–7.5I—230–65010–15Gulf of California/Laubenfels, 19272shaped or vase-25.s: 230–850/7.5–50II—100–25036–122 mshapedCladome 12.5–90.III—35–140 (accolada)II—65–180/2.5–5. cladomeIV—25–100 (accolada)5–20A. innominatus Gray,Thick incrustingI—233–267.4–299/ 8.1–9.5–t: 137– 268.4 –313/3.3–I—61– 90.7 –123/ 4.7– 7.4 –10– 14 –18South Africa, Colombia,1867310.93.8–4.79.5Dominican republic,II—133–138/4.7s: 404– 431.8 –461/10–II—43– 101.6 –330/1.4–5.2Brazil/ 4 m.16.6–21.4III—209– 425.1 –741/1.4– 2.4 –4.3A. hoshinoi van Soest,Thick incrustingI—195–280/ 6–15t: 240–280/3–4I—45–250/2–56–9–10South India and SriHooper & Hiemstra,II—70–140/3–5s: 260–450/16–25II—25–170Lanka/ Intertidal.19911III—190–590/1–3A. ternatus Ridley,Flabellate-vasiform85–205/2–11t: 200–280/2–5I—41–266/1–69–22East African coral coast;18841to tubulo-digitate;s: 139–281/2–14II—80–770/0.5–5Seychelles; South Indiasemi-incrustingand Sri Lanka/14–80m.rough surfaceA. thielei Lévi, 19581Thinly encrustingI—130–188/3–4.5t: 206–222/ 2–3I—60–2007–9Southern Red Sea; SouthII—61–79/1–2s: 230–296/5–6II—25–70India and Sri Lanka.III—240–420A. wolffgangi Keller,uninformedI—220–277/10–16t: 250–290/3–4I—40–15019–24Southern Red Sea;1889 (Siboga speci-II—80–108/ 2–3s: 340–445/ 21–33II—20–200Western and Northernmen)1III—350–1000Madagascar
description: Published as part of Nascimento, Elielton & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2023, A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil, pp. 532-537 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on page 532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7961435