cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124751.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Brief Internet-Based Intervention Reduces Posttraumatic Stress and Prolonged Grief in Parents after the Loss of a Child during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The loss of a child during pregnancy causes significant psychological distress for many women and their partners, and may lead to long-lasting psychiatric disorders. Internet-based interventions using exposure techniques and cognitive restructuring have proved effective for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief. This study compared the effects of an Internet-based intervention for parents after prenatal loss with a waiting list condition (WLC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Impact of Event Scale - Revised assessed symptoms of PTSD; the Inventory of Complicated Grief and the Brief Symptom Inventory assessed depression, anxiety, and general mental health. The 228 participants (92% female) were randomly allocated to a treatment group (TG; n = 115) or a WLC group (n = 113). The TG received a 5-week cognitive behavioral intervention including (1) self-confrontation, (2) cognitive restructuring, and (3) social sharing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The TG showed significantly reduced symptoms of posttraumatic stress, prolonged grief, depression, and anxiety relative to the WLC control group. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed treatment effects of between d = 0.84 and d = 1.02 for posttraumatic stress and prolonged grief from pre- to posttreatment time points. Further significant improvement in all symptoms of PTSD and prolonged grief was found from the posttreatment evaluation to the 12-month follow-up. The attrition rate of 14% was relatively low. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The Internet-based intervention proved to be a feasible and cost-effective treatment, reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress, grief, depression, anxiety, and general mental health after pregnancy loss. Low-threshold e-health interventions should be further evaluated and implemented routinely to improve psychological support after pregnancy loss.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124739
title: Supplementary Material for: An Improved Body Mass Dataset for the Study of Marsupial Brain Size Evolution

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124745
title: Supplementary Material for: Complications of Acute Stroke and the Occurrence of Early Seizures

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Seizures are common neurological consequences of stroke. Although a number of factors including stroke severity on admission, cortical involvement, and stroke subtype have been consistently associated with post-stroke seizures, the effect that medical and neurological complications of stroke, occurring in the very acute phase, might have on such a risk has never been adequately explored. In the present study we aimed at determining the extent to which complications within the first week of stroke influence the risk of early seizures (ES). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data of consecutive patients with first-ever acute stroke included in the Brescia Stroke Registry were analyzed. ES (≤7 days) were recorded and correlated with demographic data, disease characteristics, risk factors, and prespecified medical and neurological stroke complications in a multivariate path analysis model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 516 patients with first-ever acute stroke were eligible for inclusion in the present study. Of them, 436 patients had ischemic stroke (IS) [64 (14.6%) with hemorrhagic transformation (HT)] and 80 had intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Twenty patients (3.9%) developed ES. Patients with ES had a higher burden of complications compared with those without (30 vs. 4.2%, for patients with &gt;6 complications). Lesion type, stroke complications, and lesion site were directly related to the risk of seizure occurrence (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.80 for IS vs. ICH; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21-2.01 for any increase of 1 in the number of complications; OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04-0.56 for subcortical lesions vs. cortical lesions). Complications appeared also to mediate the indirect effect of lesion type on the occurrence of ES (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.94). No significant difference on the risk of ES was observed when HT and ICH were compared. The total effect of lesion type was 0.25 × 0.75 = 0.18, corresponding to (1-0.18) = 82% lower risk of ES for IS as compared to ICH. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although major determinants of ES are nonmodifiable, preventable and treatable medical and neurologic complications within the first week of stroke increase the risk of ES and mediate the effect of established predictors on the propensity to post-stroke epilepsy. Future epidemiologic studies aimed at investigating post-stroke seizures should include precise information on these complications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124748.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection-Associated Hydroa Vacciniforme-Like Eruption and Behçet's-Like Orogenital Ulcers

description: The cutaneous manifestations of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be diverse. Among them, hydroa vacciniforme-like eruption is one of the best-known features. Although rare, mucosal ulcers have been reported to be associated with EBV as a result of primary infection or immune suppression. We describe a 65-year-old female with recurrent necrotic papulovesicles on the face and both arms for 2 years. She also complained of recurrent oral and genital mucosal ulcers developing simultaneously with skin eruptions. They appeared periodically during the spring and summer and were triggered or aggravated by sun exposure. Skin biopsies from the face and genitalia showed identical findings with dense lymphocytic infiltrations. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed EBV-positive lymphoid cells in both specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first case of serologically and pathologically proven chronic active EBV infection presenting hydroa vacciniforme-like eruption and orogenital ulcers at the same time in one patient.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124739.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: An Improved Body Mass Dataset for the Study of Marsupial Brain Size Evolution

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124727
title: Supplementary Material for: Attitudes and Compliance with Research Requirements in Ob/Gyn Residencies: A National Survey

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that all Ob/Gyn residents accomplish scholarly activity. We hypothesize resident productivity is poor. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a web-based two-survey study using SurveyMonkey®. Surveys queried both program directors and residents regarding their adherence to ACGME guidelines. All 233 accredited Ob/Gyn programs were targeted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 70 program directors responded (30.4%). The majority (99%) felt research was a goal of their program and stated their residents are taught to read current literature (99%), design basic studies (99%), and interpret simple statistics (89%). 17% (53/313) of the residents did not agree that their training environment promoted research, 25% did not feel comfortable discussing basic study designs, and 54% did not feel comfortable interpreting basic statistics. Urban programs demonstrated improved resident attitudes toward research (p = 0.025), better research environments (p = 0.007) and curricula (p = 0.001) compared to rural programs. Furthermore, residents intending to pursue an academic career were more likely to be working with a research mentor (p = 0.038). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The ACGME clearly delineates residency research requirements. A dichotomy exists between program director perception and resident compliance. Notwithstanding, it is reassuring that the majority of programs appear to promote scholarly activity and provide necessary support.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124733
title: Supplementary Material for: A Biopsychosocial Model of Interferon-Alpha-Induced Depression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this prospective study was to gain a more comprehensive picture of the biopsychosocial effects of interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV). The predictors of depressive development and changes in health-related quality of life, life satisfaction and cognitive ability were measured with the inclusion of the social context. Furthermore, the effects of IFN-α treatment on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the level of tryptophan supply in the brain, the development of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites and the thyroid glands were investigated. Therefore, for the first time the conditions for the development of depressive episodes in HCV patients treated with IFN-α were examined over the entire period of treatment as well as 3 months later, applying a holistic biopsychosocial model. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Psychiatric and biological assessments were carried out at 6 different times: before, during (at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months) and after the end of IFN-α treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During IFN-α treatment 22 (53.7%) of 41 patients fulfilled the criteria for a treatment-related depressive disorder at least once during treatment. Contributing factors are tryptophan depletion (tryptophan to competing amino acids quotient), increased neurotoxic challenge (kynurenine to kynurenic acid quotient), less social support, female gender, preexisting psychiatric vulnerability, means of transmission, low financial security, impaired sexual satisfaction, small circle of friends, impaired physical role, strong body pain, low general health and vitality, reduced social functioning, impaired mental health and impaired emotional role. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The awareness of relevant risk factors of IFN-α treatment-induced depression is essential to develop preventative treatment strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124736
title: Supplementary Material for: Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity as a Marker for Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently anchored in its cardinal motor symptoms. According to hospital-based studies, an enlarged echogenicity in the area of the substantia nigra (SN) assessed with transcranial sonography (TCS) may represent a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of PD. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate SN hyperechogenicity as a marker for PD in the Bruneck Study cohort, which is representative of the general elderly community. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The diagnostic accuracy of TCS in distinguishing clinically diagnosed PD from nonparkinsonian subjects was assessed in 574 subjects from this cohort. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a good diagnostic accuracy of TCS in distinguishing PD subjects from nonparkinsonian subjects with an area under the curve value of 0.82. At a receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis-based cutoff value for SN hyperechogenicity of 0.18 cm<sup>2</sup>, TCS had a sensitivity of 88.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 64.4-98.0), a specificity of 77.0% (95% CI 72.8-80.6), a positive predictive value of 12.7% (95% CI 7.8-20.0) and a negative predictive value of 99.4% (95% CI 97.8-100.0) for subjects with clinically definite PD at baseline. When analyzing the same population after 5 years with regard to the presence of known and newly diagnosed PD cases, baseline TCS yielded very similar diagnostic accuracy values. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SN hyperechogenicity may represent a useful biomarker for PD not only in a hospital-based setting but also in the general community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124745.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Complications of Acute Stroke and the Occurrence of Early Seizures

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Seizures are common neurological consequences of stroke. Although a number of factors including stroke severity on admission, cortical involvement, and stroke subtype have been consistently associated with post-stroke seizures, the effect that medical and neurological complications of stroke, occurring in the very acute phase, might have on such a risk has never been adequately explored. In the present study we aimed at determining the extent to which complications within the first week of stroke influence the risk of early seizures (ES). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data of consecutive patients with first-ever acute stroke included in the Brescia Stroke Registry were analyzed. ES (≤7 days) were recorded and correlated with demographic data, disease characteristics, risk factors, and prespecified medical and neurological stroke complications in a multivariate path analysis model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 516 patients with first-ever acute stroke were eligible for inclusion in the present study. Of them, 436 patients had ischemic stroke (IS) [64 (14.6%) with hemorrhagic transformation (HT)] and 80 had intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Twenty patients (3.9%) developed ES. Patients with ES had a higher burden of complications compared with those without (30 vs. 4.2%, for patients with &gt;6 complications). Lesion type, stroke complications, and lesion site were directly related to the risk of seizure occurrence (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.80 for IS vs. ICH; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21-2.01 for any increase of 1 in the number of complications; OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04-0.56 for subcortical lesions vs. cortical lesions). Complications appeared also to mediate the indirect effect of lesion type on the occurrence of ES (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.94). No significant difference on the risk of ES was observed when HT and ICH were compared. The total effect of lesion type was 0.25 × 0.75 = 0.18, corresponding to (1-0.18) = 82% lower risk of ES for IS as compared to ICH. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although major determinants of ES are nonmodifiable, preventable and treatable medical and neurologic complications within the first week of stroke increase the risk of ES and mediate the effect of established predictors on the propensity to post-stroke epilepsy. Future epidemiologic studies aimed at investigating post-stroke seizures should include precise information on these complications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124724
title: Supplementary Material for: Positive Expiratory Pressure via Mask Does Not Improve Ventilation Inhomogeneity More than Huffing and Coughing in Individuals with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Sputum Expectoration

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) has been used to promote airway clearance in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for many years; however, its mechanism of action and benefits are unclear. Previous authors have suggested that PEP improves collateral ventilation via changes in lung volumes. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> It was the aim of this study to determine whether PEP improves ventilation inhomogeneity more than controlled huffing and coughing in individuals with stable COPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twelve participants with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s 45% predicted) and chronic sputum expectoration performed PEP therapy (10-20 cm H<sub>2</sub>O) or controlled huffing and coughing in random order on alternate study days with a 48-hour washout. Measures of acinar and conductive airway ventilation (S<sub>acin</sub>, S<sub>cond</sub>), lung volumes, spirometry and sputum wet weight were recorded before, immediately after and 90 min following treatment. Ease of expectoration [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and oxyhaemoglobin saturation were assessed immediately following treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no significant differences between the effect of either test condition at any time point for any test parameter. Mean S<sub>acin</sub> immediately following PEP and control conditions was 0.465 and 0.438 litre<sup>-1</sup>, respectively (p = 0.45 for comparison between conditions) and mean S<sub>cond</sub> was 0.042 and 0.039 litre<sup>-1</sup> (p = 0.55). PEP therapy did not significantly enhance total mean sputum expectoration compared to controlled huffing and coughing (7.06 vs. 6.15 g; p = 0.51) and did not improve ease of expectoration (VAS PEP 4.8 cm vs. control 4.1 cm; p = 0.53). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Any therapeutic benefits of PEP in individuals with COPD and chronic sputum expectoration are unlikely to be mediated by improvements in ventilation or lung volumes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124721
title: Supplementary Material for: Microstructural Brain and Multivoxel Spectroscopy in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Related to Insulin-Like Growth Factor Concentration and Early Growth

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Very low birth weight (VLBW) children have higher risk of neurologic disabilities and growth factors are essential for brain maturation. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To assess whether there are differences in neurologic findings, psychometric parameters and microstructural brain morphology in 1-year-old VLBW infants versus term healthy controls and whether these differences are related to hormonal/growth changes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Prospective anthropometry, prefeed venous blood sample [insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), leptin, glucose], neurologic and imaging assessment, at age 1 year in 34 VLBW infants (12 SGA; 10 M) and 10 healthy term controls (5 M). <b><i>Results:</i></b> IGF-I concentrations at 1 month of corrected age were 20% lower in SGA versus appropriate for gestational age VLBW (p &lt; 0.02). Gray and white matter volume and fractional anisotropy in 15/27 regions were decreased (p &lt; 0.001). Abnormal spectroscopy was observed in 4 zones in VLBW versus term controls (p &lt; 0.001). Some of these changes were associated with different periods of first-year growth and IGF-I/IGF-II, leptin and HOMA-IR. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> VLBW infants show differences in brain volumes and microstructural brain morphology as compared to term controls, changes related to circulating growth factor and anthropometry changes in the first year. This apparent reorganization of the developing brain offers a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between changes in cortical anatomy, cognitive and social impairments and periods of early growth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124736.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity as a Marker for Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently anchored in its cardinal motor symptoms. According to hospital-based studies, an enlarged echogenicity in the area of the substantia nigra (SN) assessed with transcranial sonography (TCS) may represent a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of PD. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate SN hyperechogenicity as a marker for PD in the Bruneck Study cohort, which is representative of the general elderly community. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The diagnostic accuracy of TCS in distinguishing clinically diagnosed PD from nonparkinsonian subjects was assessed in 574 subjects from this cohort. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a good diagnostic accuracy of TCS in distinguishing PD subjects from nonparkinsonian subjects with an area under the curve value of 0.82. At a receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis-based cutoff value for SN hyperechogenicity of 0.18 cm<sup>2</sup>, TCS had a sensitivity of 88.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 64.4-98.0), a specificity of 77.0% (95% CI 72.8-80.6), a positive predictive value of 12.7% (95% CI 7.8-20.0) and a negative predictive value of 99.4% (95% CI 97.8-100.0) for subjects with clinically definite PD at baseline. When analyzing the same population after 5 years with regard to the presence of known and newly diagnosed PD cases, baseline TCS yielded very similar diagnostic accuracy values. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SN hyperechogenicity may represent a useful biomarker for PD not only in a hospital-based setting but also in the general community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124718
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Low and Standard Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries and Fluorosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: Although the anti-caries effects of standard fluoride (F) toothpastes are well established, their use by preschoolers (2- to 5-year-olds) has given rise to concerns regarding the development of dental fluorosis. Thus, a widespread support of low F toothpastes has been observed. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low (&lt;600 ppm) and standard (1,000-1,500 ppm) F toothpastes on the prevention of caries in the primary dentition and aesthetically objectionable (moderate to severe) fluorosis in the permanent dentition. A systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analyses were carried out. Two examiners independently screened 1,932 records and read 159 potentially eligible full-text articles. Data regarding characteristics of participants, interventions, outcomes, length of follow-up and potential of bias were independently extracted by two examiners and disagreements were solved by consensus after consulting a third examiner. In order to assess the effects of low and standard F toothpastes on the proportion of children developing caries and fluorosis, pooled relative risks (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a fixed and a random-effects model, respectively. Five clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Low F toothpastes significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth [RR = 1.13 (1.07-1.20); 4,634 participants in three studies] and did not significantly decrease the risk of aesthetically objectionable fluorosis in the upper anterior permanent teeth [RR = 0.32 (0.03-2.97); 1,968 participants in two studies]. There is no evidence to support the use of low F toothpastes by preschoolers regarding caries and fluorosis prevention.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124727.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Attitudes and Compliance with Research Requirements in Ob/Gyn Residencies: A National Survey

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that all Ob/Gyn residents accomplish scholarly activity. We hypothesize resident productivity is poor. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a web-based two-survey study using SurveyMonkey®. Surveys queried both program directors and residents regarding their adherence to ACGME guidelines. All 233 accredited Ob/Gyn programs were targeted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 70 program directors responded (30.4%). The majority (99%) felt research was a goal of their program and stated their residents are taught to read current literature (99%), design basic studies (99%), and interpret simple statistics (89%). 17% (53/313) of the residents did not agree that their training environment promoted research, 25% did not feel comfortable discussing basic study designs, and 54% did not feel comfortable interpreting basic statistics. Urban programs demonstrated improved resident attitudes toward research (p = 0.025), better research environments (p = 0.007) and curricula (p = 0.001) compared to rural programs. Furthermore, residents intending to pursue an academic career were more likely to be working with a research mentor (p = 0.038). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The ACGME clearly delineates residency research requirements. A dichotomy exists between program director perception and resident compliance. Notwithstanding, it is reassuring that the majority of programs appear to promote scholarly activity and provide necessary support.