DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15857249
title: TABLE 4 in Description of two new species of sponges (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Nazca Desventuradas Marine Park and overview on diversity and biogeography of poriferans in oceanic islands of the SE Pacific

description: TABLE 4. Morphological characters, including measurements of fibers and choanocyte chambers, images of the species, geographic distribution and depth of all known species of Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001.
SpeciesCharacters: ha. habit; su. surface; os. oscula; ec. external colour; ic. internal color; co. consistency; te. texture; pf. primary fibers; sf. secundary fiber; ptf. pseudo-tertiary fiber; cc. choanocyte chambersImages of the speciesDistribution/ depthS. (H.) catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 2006 (in Mothes et al. 2006)ha. encrusting massive with irregular projections on the side; su. micro-conulose; os. slightly raised (up to 2 mm diam.); ec. darker on one surface and lighter on opposite (in ethanol); ic. beige (in ethanol); co. compressible and elastic; te. rough pf. 60– 69.3 –100 µm diam.; sf. 11.5– 32.2 –69 µm diam.; ptf. 2.3– 13.3 –23 µm diam.; cc. not describedSW Atlantic (Aranhas Island, Santa Catarina, SE Brazil)/ 13 mmodified from Mothes et al (2006)S. (H.) corallina Kim & Sim, 2009ha. upright and massive; su. with a translucent membrane; os. like-conules; ec. beige and purple (in life) and yellowish beige (in ethanol); ic. not described; co. moderately firm and compressible; te. not described; pf. 40–120 µm diam.; sf. 15–50 µm diam.; ptf. 10 µm diam.; cc. not describedW Pacific (Gageodo Island, Korea)/ 20–30 mmodified from Kim & Sim (2009)S. (H.) corrugata Cook & Bergquist, 2001ha. massive and irregular, resembling scrambled eggs; su. corrugate with a thin, translucent, sausage-like skin, with occasionally emergent fibers or fiber tufts; os. on low turrets (3–10 mm diam.); ec. light creamy brown to pale straw, overlaid with a translucent, pale grayish pinacoderm (in ethanol?); ic. no mention; co. compressible; te. moderately soft pf. 29– 58 –175 µm diam.; sf. 10– 21 –31 µm diam.; ptf. 2– 5 –6 µm diam.; cc. 23– 29 –31 µm diam.W Pacific (Catham Rise, New Zealand)/ 50–100 mmodified from Cook & Bergquist (2001)S. (H.) decooki van Soest & Hooper, 2020 (in van Soest et al. 2020); based on S. (H.) cristata Cook & Bergquist, 2001 [type species of Spongia (Heterofibria)]ha. low and encrusting to massive, with random arrangement of upright lobes and conical turrets; su. tufts of emergent fibers and translucent pinacoderm; os. on low turrets (3–5 mm diam.); ec. pale, translucent khaki-grey (same in spirit and in life); ic. pale grey-brown (same in spirit and in life); co. moderately firm, compressible, and easily torn; te. rubber; pf. 29– 49 –78 µm diam.; sf. 17– 30 –42 µm diam.; ptf. 4– 10 –17 µm diam.; cc. 26–32–39 µm diam.W Pacific (Maori Island, Leigh Harbour entrance, and Ti Point, in Omaha Bay, New Zealand)/ 15–20 mmodified from Cook & Bergquist (2001)S. (H.) gorgonocephalus Cook & Bergquist, 2001ha. small, massive, compact; su. no visible fibrous network, with opaque pinacoderm and distinctive elongate, narrow conules, or turrets; os. on longer turrets (1–3 mm diam.); ec. very light, pale grey (conserved); ic. light greyish-cream (conserved); co. firm and compressible; te. smooth (based on the illustration); pf. 38– 55 –126 µm diam.; sf. 12– 29 –55 µm diam.; ptf. 4– 8 –9 µm diam.; cc. not describedW Pacific (Pinnacles, Poor Knights Islands, and Off Piercy Island, in Bay of Islands, New Zealand)/ 90–152 mmodified from Cook & Bergquist (2001)S. (H.) manipulatus Cook & Bergquist, 2001ha. massive, forming a compact hemispherical mound; su. coarsely and abundantly conulose, with upright conical turrets; os. on turrets (3–8 mm diam.), with an internal sphincter-like membrane; ec. very light, pale grey (conserved); ic. light greyish-cream (conserved); co. firm and moderately compressible; te. turrets are softer and flabby than the other regions; pf. 35– 78 –184 µm diam.; sf. 24– 34 –46 µm diam.; ptf. 4– 13 –23 µm diam.; cc. 21– 26 –34 µm diam.W Pacific (Sail Rok, Hen and Chickens Islands and Tutukaka Harbour, in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand)/ 12–20 mmodified from Cook & Bergquist (2001)S. (H.) mokohinau Cook & Bergquist, 2001ha. solid base with distinct conical turrets; su. exposed fiber reticulum (1–3 mm deep in reticulum) and finely conulose; os. on turrets (3–5 mm diam.) with a surrounding fringe of exposed skeletal fibers or covered by a fine mesh; ec. pale grey (conserved); ic. Khaki-straw brown (conserved); co. compressible; te. soft; pf. 29– 39 –78 µm diam.; sf. 13– 21 –29 µm diam.; ptf. 3– 8 –10 µm diam.; cc. 23– 29 –34 µm diam.W Pacific (Moko Hinau and Tawhiti Rahi, in Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand)/ depth not reportedmodified from Cook & Bergquist (2001)S. (H.) peddemorsi Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2020; as S. (H.) cooki in Samaai et al (2019)ha. massive digitate; su. smooth and slightly glossy sheen; os. on cartilaginous-like blades (2–5 mm diam.); ec. dark-grey (in life) and dark-brown (conserved); ic. not described; co. barely compressible; te. firm, fairly hard, rather cartilaginous, difficult to tear; pf. 55– 65 –89 µm diam.; sf. 23– 28 –37 µm diam.; ptf. 12– 16 –18 µm diam.; cc. not describedSW Indian Ocean (Sodwana Bay, east coast of South Africa)/ 34 mmodified from Samaai et al (2019)S. (H.) purpurea Kim & Sim 2009, ha. massive and many upright tubular lobes; su. with many pores and a thin translucent membrane between lobes; os. on the end of tubes; ec. purple (in life) and beige (in ethanol); ic. beige (in life) and beige (in ethanol); co. moderately soft, compressible and easyly torn; te. not described; pf. 40–103 µm diam.; sf. 15–40 µm diam.; ptf. 3–6 µm diam.; cc. not describedW Pacific (Gageodo Island, Korea)/ 20–30 mmodified from Kim & Sim (2009)S. (H.) smaragdus Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2019ha. massive amorphous to thickly encrusting; su. conulose and honeycomb-like, with exposed fibers; os. large and rised (2–5 mm diam.); ec. yellow-green to emerald (in life) and chocolate-brown (conserved); ic. not described; co. rubbery to the touch and compressible; te. firm, but soft; pf. 32– 40 –45 µm diam.; sf. 16– 20 –26 µm diam.; ptf. present, but diameter not described; cc. not describedSW Indian Ocean (Sodwana Bay, east coast of South Africa)/ 16 mmodified from Samaai et al (2019)S. (H.) sucrensis David-Colón & Marín-Casas, 2020ha. massive, with erect and creeping lobes or branches; su. covered by conules (0.3–0.89 mm high); os. round, located mainly on the upper part of the lobes and arranged linearly (1–3 mm diam.); ec. black in the upper part and creamy to white in the basal and interior (in life and in ethanol); ic. not described; co. elastic and compressible, difficult to tear; te. not described; pf. 48–119 µm diam.; sf. 19–81 µm diam.; ptf. 7–24 µm diam.; ca. not describedW Atlantic [Gulf of Morrosquillo, Colombia (Caribbean)]/ 1–3 mmodified from David-Colón & Marín-Casas (2020)S. (H.) nazcaensis sp. nov.ha. massive to lobate; su. micro-conulose; os. slightly raised or as simple aperture (up to 2 mm diam.); ec. darker on one surface and lighter on opposite (in ethanol); ic. beige (in ethanol); co. firm, compressible and elastic; te. rubbery; pf. 30–55 µm diam.; sf. 14–24 µm diam.; ptf. 2–9 µm diam.; ca. spherical, ca. 15 µm diam.SE Pacific (Desventuradas Islands Archipelago and Rapa Nui)/ 9.7–20 mHolotype (MNRJ 18627)
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Obervation: Spongia (H.) biformis Kelly, 2009 (in Kelly et al. 2009) has been considered nomen nudum by R.W.M. van Soest, for which reason it is not included in the comparison carried out here (see ‘notes’ in the record of S. (H.) biformis in de Voogd et al. 2024).
description: Published as part of Fernandez, Julio C. C., Zapata-Hernández, Germán, Sellanes, Javier & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2025, Description of two new species of sponges (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Nazca Desventuradas Marine Park and overview on diversity and biogeography of poriferans in oceanic islands of the SE Pacific, pp. 322-325 in Zootaxa 5659 (3) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/15823083