cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjk5
title: Worlds apart: location above- or belowground determines plant litter decomposition in a semiarid Patagonian steppe

description: 1. While considerable attention has been devoted to how precipitation
 modulates net primary productivity in arid and semiarid ecosystems, the
 emergence of multi-faceted controls on carbon (C) turnover suggests that
 there is much to be understood with respect to the mechanistic controls on
 plant litter decomposition.  2. In the Patagonian steppe, we
 conducted a long-term factorial experiment, evaluating the importance of
 position, litter quality, tissue origin and soil resources on rates of C
 turnover under natural field conditions. Leaf and root litter of dominant
 grass species were placed in litterbags in different positions, on the
 soil surface and buried at 5 cm depth, with soil treatments of labile C,
 nitrogen (N) and their combination (C+N) over a three-year period.
   3. As predicted, leaf litter decomposed significantly (nearly
 six-fold) faster aboveground than did root litter belowground (P &lt;
 0.001). Surprisingly, root litter decomposed significantly faster than
 leaf litter aboveground (P &lt; 0.001), and aboveground decomposition
 was not strongly affected by soil resource additions. Belowground
 decomposition was largely determined by the interaction of litter quality
 and soil resource availability. Determining a C balance by integrating
 biomass allocation and primary productivity from this field site, combined
 with the data from this study, demonstrated large differences between the
 contribution of the above- and belowground biomass to soil organic matter
 (SOM) pools and a long residence time of undecomposed root litter. 4.
 Synthesis. Litter position clearly emerged as the predominant variable
 determining C turnover in this semiarid steppe ecosystem, with litter
 quality and soil resources having significant, but more modest, effects.
 The near complete independence of aboveground litter decomposition from
 soil resources and rapid decomposition of surface litter, coupled with the
 counterintuitive relationships with litter quality, suggests that, in the
 long term, C loss from photodegradation may result in a minimal
 contribution of aboveground litter to SOM formation. These results have
 mechanistic implications for the distinct functionality of litter
 decomposition above- and belowground in semiarid ecosystems, and how these
 differential controls may alter the C balance due to future changes in
 climate and land use.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3mm
title: Shifting trends: detecting changes in cetacean population dynamics in shifting habitat

description: The ability to monitor population dynamics and detect major changes in
 population trend is essential for wildlife conservation and management.
 However, this is often challenging for cetaceans as surveys typically
 cover only a portion of a population’s range and conventional stock
 assessment methods cannot then distinguish whether apparent changes in
 abundance reflect real changes in population size or shifts in
 distribution. We developed and tested methods for estimating population
 size and trend and detecting changes in population trend in the context of
 shifting habitat by integrating additional data into distance-sampling
 analysis. Previous research has shown that incorporating habitat
 information can improve population size estimates for highly mobile
 species with dynamic spatial distributions. Here, using simulated datasets
 representative of a large whale population, we demonstrate that
 incorporating individual mark-recapture data can increase the accuracy and
 precision of trend estimation and the power to distinguish whether
 apparent changes in abundance reflect changes in population trend or
 distribution shifts. We recommend that similar simulation studies are
 conducted for specific cetacean populations to assess the potential for
 detecting changes in population dynamics given available data. This
 approach is especially important wherever population change may be
 confounded with long-term change in distribution patterns associated with
 regime shifts or climate change.
description: Please
 see: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251522 Appendix S1. Simulation of
 test datasets
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5tfkfd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 94380 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 '461' AS fish_cell,
 GBIF_MGRSCode(1000, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, 0) AS cell, -- NO randomization
 COUNT(DISTINCT speciesKey) AS species_richness
 FROM occurrence
 WHERE hasCoordinate = TRUE
 AND speciesKey IS NOT NULL
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'ZERO_COORDINATE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_OUT_OF_RANGE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_INVALID')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COUNTRY_COORDINATE_MISMATCH')
 AND decimalLatitude &gt;= 46.479780028101516
 AND decimalLatitude &lt;= 51.21395264452012
 AND decimalLongitude &gt;= -120.26588429503694
 AND decimalLongitude &lt;= -107.00476756053553
 AND "year" &gt;= 2015
 AND "year" &lt;= 2026
 AND (coordinateUncertaintyInMeters &lt;= 100 OR coordinateUncertaintyInMeters IS NULL)
 GROUP BY fish_cell, cell

 The dataset's 94380 records were derived from 217 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002868-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbvv
title: Speciation rates are positively correlated with the rate of plumage color evolution in hummingbirds

description: A fascinating pattern in nature is the uneven distribution of biodiversity
 among clades, some with low species richness and phenotypic variation in
 contrast to others with remarkable species richness and phenotypic
 diversity. In animals, communication signals are crucial for intra- and
 interspecific interactions, and are likely an important factor in
 speciation. However, evidence for the association between the evolution of
 such signals and speciation is mixed. In hummingbirds, plumage coloration
 is an important communication signal, particularly for mate selection.
 Here, using reflectance data for 237 hummingbird species (~66% of total
 diversity), we demonstrate that color evolution rates are associated with
 speciation rates, and that differences among feather patches are
 consistent with an interplay between natural and sexual selection. We
 found that female color evolution rates of multiple plumage elements,
 including the gorget, were similar to those of males. While male color
 evolution in this patch was associated with speciation, female gorget
 color evolution was not. In other patches, the relationship between
 speciation and color evolution rates was pervasive between sexes. We
 anticipate that future studies on animal communication will likely find
 that evolution of signaling traits of both sexes has played a vital role
 in generating signal and species diversity.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18397044
title: GRАDUАLITY IN FOLKLORE АS А REFLECTION OF THE PEOPLE'S WORLDVIEW

description: This аrticle explores the phenomenon of grаduаlity аs аn importаnt semаntic аnd stylistic cаtegory of folklore discourse reflecting the people’s worldview. Grаduаlity is exаmined аs а linguistic аnd cognitive mechаnism thаt expresses degrees of intensity, evаluаtion, аnd emotionаl perception in folk texts. The study аnаlyzes lexicаl, morphologicаl, syntаctic, аnd textuаl meаns of expressing grаduаlity in vаrious folklore genres, including proverbs, riddles, fаiry tаles, аnd epic nаrrаtives. Pаrticulаr аttention is pаid to the relаtionship between grаduаlity аnd аxiologicаl vаlues, collective experience, аnd trаditionаl culturаl norms. It is аrgued thаt grаduаlity plаys а cruciаl role in shаping the folk linguistic picture of the world by modeling notions of norm, excess, moderаtion, аnd evаluаtion. The аrticle concludes thаt grаduаlity serves аs а universаl tool through which folklore conveys emotionаl expressiveness, morаl judgments, аnd nаtionаl culturаl identity.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18397045
title: GRАDUАLITY IN FOLKLORE АS А REFLECTION OF THE PEOPLE'S WORLDVIEW

description: This аrticle explores the phenomenon of grаduаlity аs аn importаnt semаntic аnd stylistic cаtegory of folklore discourse reflecting the people’s worldview. Grаduаlity is exаmined аs а linguistic аnd cognitive mechаnism thаt expresses degrees of intensity, evаluаtion, аnd emotionаl perception in folk texts. The study аnаlyzes lexicаl, morphologicаl, syntаctic, аnd textuаl meаns of expressing grаduаlity in vаrious folklore genres, including proverbs, riddles, fаiry tаles, аnd epic nаrrаtives. Pаrticulаr аttention is pаid to the relаtionship between grаduаlity аnd аxiologicаl vаlues, collective experience, аnd trаditionаl culturаl norms. It is аrgued thаt grаduаlity plаys а cruciаl role in shаping the folk linguistic picture of the world by modeling notions of norm, excess, moderаtion, аnd evаluаtion. The аrticle concludes thаt grаduаlity serves аs а universаl tool through which folklore conveys emotionаl expressiveness, morаl judgments, аnd nаtionаl culturаl identity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt29
title: Data from: Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group

description: We investigate the species-level taxonomy and evolutionary history of
 Nearctic ants in the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Hymenoptera:
 Formicidae), drawing on evidence from morphology and UCE (ultraconserved
 element) phylogenomics. The New World species in this group form a well
 supported clade that originated in the late Miocene (~7.3 Ma) and
 subsequently diverged into three major lineages: the coarctata clade
 (southwest Nearctic), the opaca clade (southwest Nearctic and northern
 Neotropics), and the lineolata clade (eastern Nearctic and Caribbean, with
 four isolated Southwest endemics). We hypothesize trans-Beringian
 dispersal into the New World, west-to-east movement within North America,
 and restriction of mesophilic species to the east with increasing
 aridification of the west. The ancestral nesting behavior of these ants is
 inferred to be ground-dwelling, and this is still the predominant
 condition in the arid west, whereas most species in eastern United States
 are arboreal. We resurrect from synonymy nine species, and describe three
 new species: C. detecta sp. nov. (from Nevada), C. parapilosa sp. nov.
 (Florida), and C. vetusta sp. nov. (Arizona). We provide a worker-based
 key to the thirty-four species of Crematogaster occurring in America north
 of Mexico, but emphasize that there are still ongoing taxonomic issues
 that need to be resolved.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pc866t1nw
title: Data from: Widespread loss of mammalian lineage and dietary diversity in the early Oligocene of Afro-Arabia

description: Diverse lines of geological and geochemical evidence indicate that the
 Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) marked the onset of a global cooling
 phase, rapid growth of the Antarctic ice sheet, and a worldwide drop in
 sea level. Paleontologists have established that shifts in mammalian
 community structure in Europe and Asia were broadly
 coincident with these events, but the potential impact of early Oligocene
 climate change on the mammalian communities of Afro-Arabia has long been
 unclear. Here we employ dated phylogenies of multiple endemic Afro-Arabian
 mammal clades (anomaluroid and hystricognath rodents, anthropoid and
 strepsirrhine primates, and carnivorous hyaenodonts) to investigate
 lineage diversification and loss since the early Eocene. These analyses
 provide the first non-anecdotal evidence for widespread mammalian
 extinction in the early Oligocene of Afro-Arabia, with almost two-thirds
 of peak late Eocene diversity lost in these clades by ~30 Ma. Using
 homology-free dental topographic metrics, we further demonstrate that the
 loss of Afro-Arabian rodent and primate lineages was associated with a
 reduction in molar occlusal topographic disparity, suggesting a correlated
 loss of dietary diversity. These results raise new questions about the
 relative importance of global versus local influences in shaping the
 evolutionary trajectories of Afro-Arabia’s endemic mammals during the
 Oligocene.
DOI: 10.6078/d1c12s
title: A vertebrate adaptive radiation is assembled from an ancient and disjunct spatiotemporal landscape

description: To investigate the origins and stages of vertebrate adaptive radiation, we
 reconstructed the spatial and temporal histories of adaptive alleles
 underlying major phenotypic axes of diversification from the genomes of
 202 Caribbean pupfishes. On a single Bahamian island, ancient standing
 variation from disjunct geographic sources was reassembled into new
 combinations under strong directional selection for adaptation to novel
 trophic niches of scale-eating and molluscivory. We found evidence for two
 longstanding hypotheses of adaptive radiation: hybrid swarm origins and
 temporal stages of adaptation. Using a combination of population genomics,
 transcriptomics, and genome-wide association mapping, we demonstrate that
 this microendemic adaptive radiation of trophic specialists on San
 Salvador Island, Bahamas experienced twice as much adaptive introgression
 as generalist populations on neighboring islands and that adaptive
 divergence occurred in stages. First, standing regulatory variation in
 genes associated with feeding behavior (prlh,cfap20,rmi1) were swept to
 fixation by selection, then standing regulatory variation in genes
 associated with craniofacial and muscular development
 (itga5,ext1,cyp26b1,galr2), and finally the only de novo non-synonymous
 substitution in an osteogenic transcription factor and oncogene (twist1)
 swept to fixation most recently. Our results demonstrate how ancient
 alleles maintained in distinct environmental refugia can be assembled into
 new adaptive combinations and provide a new framework for reconstructing
 the spatiotemporal landscape of adaptation and
 speciation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqqz
title: mRNA expression analysis of the hippocampus in a Vervet monkey model of FASD

description: The vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) has proven to be an invaluable
 tool for researching voluntary alcohol ingestion and the sequelae that can
 arise from such behaviour. In this study, a vervet monkey model for fetal
 alcohol spectrum disorder was generated by providing a cohort of alcohol
 preferring, pregnant dams the option to ingest alcohol between gestational
 days 90-165 with a corresponding sucrose matched control group.
 Subsequently, gene expression analysis of the hippocampus was contrasted
 at 5 months and 2 years using the GeneChip Rhesus Macaque Genome Array in
 a 2x2 study design which interrogated two independent variables, Age and
 Alcohol consumption. The analysis identified a global downregulation of
 expression when interrogating Alcohol as a main effect with a relative
 balance of upregulation and downregulation using Age as a main effect.
 Functional annotation of both independent variables was performed with
 Alcohol generating broad functional annotation clusters which could
 implicate an epigenetic role in downregulation, while Age reliably
 produced functional annotation clusters predominantly related to
 development. Furthermore, our data reveal a novel connection between EFNB1
 and FASD which is highly plausible given its role in development as well
 as its central role in craniofrontal nasal syndrome (CFNS).
description: mRNA isolated from entire hippocampus of 5 month old and 2 year
 old Vervet monkeys. RNA hybridized to GeneChip Rhesus Macaque genome array
 from Affymetrix. Normalized using RMA, probe sets were trimmed using MAS5
 calls (p&lt;0.05). Only probe sets with annotations were
 retained.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzn7
title: A dormant amoeba species can selectively sense and predate on different soil bacteria

description: 1. Soil protists are the invisible majority of soil eukaryotes, which are
 essential but often forgotten parts of the soil ecosystem. They play key
 roles in microbial food webs by predating on other soil microbes. However,
 it is not clear how dormant soil protists sense, recognize and feed on
 diverse microbial preys. 2. In this study, we used a soil amoeba,
 Dictyostelium discoideum, to study selective discrimination and predation
 of 14 different bacteria. We found that discrimination and sensing of prey
 in D. discoideum started as early as resting spores. D. discoideum had
 higher hatching rates, formed bigger amoeba plaques, and preferred high
 nutritional value bacteria. The feeding speed of amoeba on various
 bacteria was constant and was not linked with sensing of prey or bacterial
 nutritional value. We also found that higher bacterial density decreased
 predation efficiency, and one species, P. fluorescens, induced a strong
 density-dependent inhibition of amoeba spore production. 3. In conclusion,
 we find that dormant D. discoideum can selectively sense and predate on
 different soil bacteria, a process that is likely mediated through active
 amoeba preference as well as bacterial inhibition. This study provides new
 insights into the role of protists in shaping soil bacterial communities,
 and future study needs to assess this in natural soil
 environments.
DOI: 10.6076/d1g01n
title: HARP Echolocation click and broadband anthropogenic event detections Southern California Bight: 2017-2019 sites E and H

description: This dataset consists of approximatly 80 thousand impulsive detections
 identified within underwater acoustic recordings collected in the Southern
 California Bight. These events consist primarily of toothed whale
 echolocation clicks. Manual labels are provided.
description: This dataset includes four folders of data files. Files are named
 according to the acoustic dataset from which they were derived following
 the
 pattern: &lt;Project&gt;_&lt;Site&gt;_&lt;DeploymentNumber&gt;_&lt;diskNumber&gt;_Delphin_&lt;dataType&gt;.mat  Each file is saved in netcdf format, originally produced in Matlab 2018.  Additional information available in attached Readme.rtf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3s9
title: Resource availability and heterogeneity shape the self‐organisation of regular spatial patterning

description: Explaining large-scale ordered patterns and their effects on ecosystem
 functioning is a fundamental and controversial challenge in ecology. Here,
 we coupled empirical and theoretical approaches to explore how competition
 and spatial heterogeneity govern the regularity of colony dispersion in
 fungus-farming termites. Individuals from different colonies fought
 fiercely, and inter-nest distances were greater when nests were large and
 resources scarce—as expected if competition is strong, large colonies
 require more resources, and foraging area scales with resource
 availability. Building these principles into a model of inter-colony
 competition showed that highly ordered patterns emerged under high
 resource availability and low resource heterogeneity. Analysis of this
 dynamical model provided novel insights into the mechanisms that modulate
 pattern regularity and the emergent effects of these patterns on
 system-wide productivity. Our results show how environmental context
 shapes pattern formation by social-insect ecosystem engineers, which
 offers one explanation for the marked variability observed across
 ecosystems.
description: Data includes individual termite genotypes generated with
 ddRADseq, as well as data for each of the termite mounds the termites were
 collected from. Raw sequence reads were processed with the STACKS software
 pipeline.
DOI: 10.25903/yh7h-ee90
title: Data for: Exploring The Influence of Anthropomorphism on Pro-Environmental Behaviour using Value-Belief-Norm Theory

description: Anthropomorphism of nature is a belief that increases pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) by affecting one’s ecological worldview of the relationship between humans and the environment. Previous studies have not assessed its effects in related theoretical frameworks such as value-belief-norm (VBN) theory. The present study explored the effects of anthropomorphism of nature on six different types of PEB (i.e., activist, avoider, green consumer, green passenger, recycler, and utility saver) using the VBN theory by conducting path analyses on survey data from 457 respondents. We predicted that anthropomorphism of nature accounts for a significant proportion of variance in the six types of PEB and total PEB, beyond that already accounted for by natural exposure as well as VBN predictor variables. The VBN model was largely supported by our data with only one of the values factors, egoistic, observed as non-significant. Importantly, results suggest that anthropomorphism of nature significantly predicts four out of the six pro-environmental behaviour categories. Such implications could provide a direction for future studies to explore the possible processes of anthropomorphism in increasing PEB.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xdf
title: Data for: Sexual conflict drives micro- and macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in immunity

description: Background: Sexual dimorphism in immunity is believed to reflect
 sex-differences in reproductive strategies and trade-offs between
 competing life history demands. Sexual selection can have major effects on
 mating rates and sex-specific costs of mating and may thereby influence
 sex-differences in immunity as well as associated host-pathogen dynamics.
 Yet, experimental evidence linking the mating system to evolved sexual
 dimorphism in immunity are scarce and the direct effects of mating rate on
 immunity are not well established. Here, we use transcriptomic analyses,
 experimental evolution and phylogenetic comparative methods to study the
 association between the mating system and sexual dimorphism in immunity in
 seed beetles, where mating causes internal injuries in females. Results:
 We demonstrate that female phenoloxidase (PO) activity, involved in wound
 healing and defence against parasitic infections, is elevated relative to
 males. This difference is accompanied by concomitant sex-differences in
 the expression of genes in the pro-phenoloxidase activating cascade. We
 document substantial phenotypic plasticity in female PO activity in
 response to mating and show that experimental evolution under enforced
 monogamy (resulting in low remating rates and sexual conflict relative to
 natural polygamy) rapidly decreases female (but not male) PO activity.
 Moreover, monogamous females have evolved increased tolerance to bacterial
 infection unrelated to mating, implying that female responses to costly
 mating may trade off with other aspects of immune defence, an hypothesis
 which broadly accords with the documented sex differences in gene
 expression. Finally, female (but not male) PO activity shows correlated
 evolution with the perceived harmfulness of male genitalia across 12
 species of seed beetles, suggesting that sexual conflict has a significant
 influence on sexual dimorphisms in immunity in this group of insects.
 Conclusions: Our study provides insights into the links between sexual
 conflict and sexual dimorphism in immunity and suggests that selection
 pressures moulded by mating interactions can lead to a sex-specific mosaic
 of immune responses with important implications for host-pathogen dynamics
 in sexually reproducing organisms.
description: see publication