DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5519572
title: Large contribution of recent photosynthate to soil respiration in tropical dipterocarp forest revealed by girdling

description: <b>Description: </b>The research site is one of the existing intensive carbon plots (Tower Plot) at the SAFE Project Experimental area. The area where the plot is located will be converted into oil palm plantation during 2015-2017 (for commercial purposes, not for research). The overarching aim of the project is to assess how the termination of the transport of sugars and defoliation alter forest ecosystem functioning and structure.The aim of the project is:<br>1. To quantify the contribution of photosynthate supply to soil respiration: via the contribution of roots and soil microbial communities utilising root-derived carbon.<br>2. To assess whether there is a relationship between root respiration and tree species.<br>To address these aims, we girdled trees in one half of the plot (0.5 ha), leaving the other half (0.5 ha) as a control. In girdling, a strip of bark (including cambium and phloem) was removed from around the trunk, with the aim of stopping the transport of sugars from the foliage into the roots and soil. The transport of sugars stop immediately, allowing us to quantify their role in the root and soil processes. The girdled trees will gradually defoliate and die due to the carbon starvation of the roots. We wish to emphasise that these trees would have been felled anyway during the conversion to oil palm - this project is not causing any additional deforestation.<br>The processes measured are:<br>- CO2 fluxes from soil measured with portable chambers from which a gas sample is drawn and analysed in the field with a portable instrument (CO2) <br>- Changes in tree circumference monitored with automatic dendrometer bands.<br>- Terrestrial laser scanning (T-lidar), non-destructive method to quantify the 3D structure of the forest stand.Pre-girdling data of all processes will be collected, starting at least two months before the girdling. The girdling took place in early 2016, and the monitoring continued for twelve months afterwards.<b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <b>Tree girdling - BALI project</b><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: NERC, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Grant, NE/K01627X/1, NE/G018278/1, INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018)This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.<b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.4 (3))<b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here<b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: BALI_Nottingham_Girdling_Data_2021_rev.xlsx<b>BALI_Nottingham_Girdling_Data_2021_rev.xlsx</b>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:<b>CO2 and H2O data</b> (described in worksheet CO2_H2O_data)Description: Tree identity and mortality collected taken January 2016- January 2017; Soil respiration, soil temperature and January moisture measurements taken January- March 2016 in a girdled tropical forest using a LiCor 8100a Number of fields: 12Number of data rows: 12548Fields: <b>PlotName</b>: reference to the experiment location within the SAFE plot network (experiment took place in the 'Tower plot / SAF-05'') (Field type: location)<b>daynight</b>: defined by 6pm to 6am (Field type: categorical)<b>date</b>: date of measurement (Field type: date)<b>plot</b>: subplot' in manuscript (Field type: id)<b>Rday</b>: relative data to the start of girdling (girdling day = 0) (Field type: id)<b>CO2</b>: soil CO2 efflux (Field type: numeric)<b>H2O</b>: soil volumetric moisture (Field type: numeric)<b>T</b>: soil temperature (Field type: numeric)<b>port</b>: refers to soil collar location (we allocated chamber port to soil collar location) (Field type: id)<b>portplot</b>: soil collar location nested within plot (Field type: id)<b>time</b>: time of measurement (24h) (Field type: numeric)<b>phase</b>: measurement period (see manuscript for phase definitions) (Field type: categorical)<b>Tree mortality data</b> (described in worksheet Mortality_data)Description: Tree census of trees surroudings the points where Licor 8100a measurements were takenNumber of fields: 20Number of data rows: 259Fields: <b>PlotName</b>: reference to the experiment location within the SAFE plot network (experiment took place in the 'Tower plot / SAF-05'') (Field type: location)<b>ForestPlotsCode</b>: reference to the experiment location within the SAFE plot network (experiment took place in the 'Tower plot / SAF-05'') (Field type: id)<b>Subplot</b>: subplots 1-12 included in the manuscript (Field type: id)<b>CensusDate</b>: date when trees were originally measured (Field type: date)<b>TagNumber</b>: tree tag identity (Field type: id)<b>Height_m</b>: tree height (Field type: numeric)<b>Comments</b>: comments about the tree (Field type: comments)<b>Family</b>: tree family (Field type: taxa)<b>Genus</b>: tree genus (Field type: taxa)<b>SpeciesName</b>: tree species (Field type: comments)<b>WoodDensity</b>: wood density (Field type: numeric)<b>CrownProjection_Area_m2_in2016</b>: Crown Projection Area in 2016 (Field type: numeric)<b>X_m</b>: coordinates (Latitude) (Field type: numeric)<b>Y_m</b>: coordinates (Longitude) (Field type: numeric)<b>GirdlingDeathDate</b>: girdling tree death date (Field type: date)<b>Biomass_kgPerStem</b>: Biomass_kgPerStem (Field type: numeric)<b>Carbon_kgCperStem</b>: Carbon_kgCperStem (Field type: numeric)<b>mortality</b>: mortality (Field type: categorical)<b>DBHgrowth_cm_year</b>: DBHgrowth_cm_year (Field type: numeric)<b>DBHAnnualGrowthRate</b>: DBHAnnualGrowthRate (Field type: numeric)<b>Date range: </b>2015-08-04 to 2017-02-07<b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700<b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200<b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets. - Plantae <br> - - Tracheophyta <br> - - - Magnoliopsida <br> - - - - Lamiales <br> - - - - - Lamiaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Callicarpa</i> <br> - - - - Rosales <br> - - - - - Urticaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Pipturus</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Dendrocnide</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Oreocnide</i> <br> - - - - - Moraceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Ficus</i> <br> - - - - Malpighiales <br> - - - - - Achariaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Hydnocarpus</i> <br> - - - - - Euphorbiaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Macaranga</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Cephalomappa</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Mallotus</i> <br> - - - - - Phyllanthaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Aporosa</i> <br> - - - - - Ixonanthaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Ixonanthes</i> <br> - - - - - Calophyllaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Calophyllum</i> <br> - - - - - Violaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Rinorea</i> <br> - - - - Ericales <br> - - - - - Pentaphylacaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Adinandra</i> <br> - - - - - Sapotaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Palaquium</i> <br> - - - - - Symplocaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Symplocos</i> <br> - - - - - Ebenaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Diospyros</i> <br> - - - - Malvales <br> - - - - - Dipterocarpaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Shorea</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Dipterocarpus</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Dryobalanops</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Parashorea</i> <br> - - - - - Malvaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Pterospermum</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Scaphium</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Brownlowia</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Sterculia</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Microcos</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Neesia</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Diplodiscus</i> <br> - - - - Laurales <br> - - - - - Lauraceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Actinodaphne</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Litsea</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Eusideroxylon</i> <br> - - - - Celastrales <br> - - - - - Celastraceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Lophopetalum</i> <br> - - - - Magnoliales <br> - - - - - Myristicaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Knema</i> <br> - - - - - Annonaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Goniothalamus</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Polyalthia</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Maasia</i> <br> - - - - Vitales <br> - - - - - Vitaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Leea</i> <br> - - - - Myrtales <br> - - - - - Myrtaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Syzygium</i> <br> - - - - - Lythraceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Duabanga</i> <br> - - - - Cornales <br> - - - - - Cornaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Alangium</i> <br> - - - - Gentianales <br> - - - - - Rubiaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Neolamarckia</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Neonauclea</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Urophyllum</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Pleiocarpidia</i> <br> - - - - Fabales <br> - - - - - Fabaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Saraca</i> <br> - - - - - Polygalaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Xanthophyllum</i> <br> - - - - Cucurbitales <br> - - - - - Tetramelaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Octomeles</i> <br> - - - - Fagales <br> - - - - - Fagaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Lithocarpus</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Castanopsis</i> <br> - - - - Sapindales <br> - - - - - Sapindaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Nephelium</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Dimocarpus</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Pometia</i> <br> - - - - - Meliaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Dysoxylum</i> <br> - - - - - - <i>Aglaia</i> <br> - - - - - Burseraceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Canarium</i> <br> - - - - - Anacardiaceae <br> - - - - - - <i>Buchanania</i> <br>