cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.776482
title: CNS-analysis from IODP Hole 331-C0014C

description: Geocode = [m CSF-A] Top Core depth (below sea floor)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905719
title: Snow height on sea ice and sea ice drift from autonomous measurements from buoy 2018S65, deployed during LIA 2018

description: Snow height was measured by the Snow Depth Buoy 2018S65, an autonomous platform, drifting on Arctic sea ice, deployed during the Last Ice Area project LIA 2018. The resulting time series describes the evolution of snow depth as a function of place and time between 05 May 2018 and 10 August 2018 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The Snow Depth Buoy consists of four independent sonar measurements representing the area (approx. 10 m**2) around the buoy. The buoy was installed on multi year ice. In addition to snow depth, geographic position (GPS), barometric pressure, air temperature, and an internal ice temperature were measured. Negative values of snow height occur if surface ablation continues into the sea ice. Thus, these measurements describe the position of the sea ice surface relative to the original snow-ice interface. Differences between single sensors indicate small-scale variability of the snow pack around the buoy. The data set has been processed, including the removal of obvious inconsistencies (missing values). Records without any snow depth may still be used for sea ice drift analyses.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771433
title: (Appendix A) Recalculated chemical composition of Cretaceous volcaniclastites from Unit IV of ODP Holes 129-800A

description: Sediment depth is given in mbsf. Recalculated on a volatile-free basis.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905421
title: Data Set S6 - Mapping pairs for IODP 342-U1408 to correlate intervals outside the splice to the splice
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905655
title: Meteorological observations in the megacity of Beijing during November to December of 2016
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.755330
title: (Figure 6) Range chart of Naviculopsis species from ODP Hole 114-703A

description: Abundances: r = very rare (1-2 counts), R = rare (3-6 counts), S = sparse (7-14 counts), F = frequent (15-30 counts), C = common (31-60 counts), A = abundant (61-300 counts), ? = questionably present, - = not present, * = very rare, found only after completion of census count of 300 specimens.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vvnb7a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 1 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Partamona littoralis Pedro & Camargo, 2003"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 1 records were derived from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031173-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905542
title: Apatite fission track lenghts of in-situ bedrock from site 1138, western Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.499641
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise U99XX00100B_1952
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.776547
title: MSCL measurements from IODP Hole 331-C0013H

description: Update on 2018-01-19: Parameter 'Susceptibility, volume' has been converted from [10**-5 SI] to [10**-6 SI]. All values were previously given in the wrong unit.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.739664
title: Pollen profile POULROE, Poulroe, Ireland

description: The EPD (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net) accepted species name is given in the parameter comment. This dataset was archived on 2010-05-11 from the EPD database.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905647
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Minamitorishima (2019-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.783511
title: (Table T3) Tephra layer description of ODP Hole 186-1151C
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.783828
title: (Table 2) Pb isotopic ratios, concentrations of Pb, Th, and U of sediments from ODP Hole 198-1207B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.626683
title: Grain size composition of sediments from Hole VNIIO-1990-31 drilled in the Kanin Peninsula
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771620
title: Physical oceanography during Walther Herwig III cruise WH188
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905566
title: Closed chamber measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 from Siikaneva bog, Finland: 2012-2014

description: The datasets contains the chamber CO2 measurement and leaf area data of years 2012-2014 used in fitting the non-linear model.
description: Microform column has the following codes: 1=high hummock, 2=hummock, 3=high lawn, 4=lawn, 5=hollow, 6=bare peat
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.496368
title: Water temperature MBT profiles from cruise U90X120079M_1983
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.776641
title: A 3.2.2. Data of the batch experiments with municipal waste incineration ash - main elements
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.858106
title: Field temperatures along Mt. Kilimanjaro, Farm Kisangesangeni_Kusini
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905429
title: Data Set S14 - Paleoenvironmental index of IODP Site 342-1410
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.615219
title: Chlorophyll and phaeopigments in surface sediment profile PE225-50

description: Chlorophyll a and Phaeopigments were extracted with acetone 90% from freezed dried sediment following the method of Yentsch & Menzel (1963): A method for the determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll a and phaeophytin by fluorescence. Deep-Sea Res 10: 221-231. Chlorophyll a and Phaeopigments were measured with a Turner 700 fluorometre following Shuman and Lorenzen (1975): Quantitative degradation of chlorophyll by a marine herbivore, Limnology and Oceanography, 20.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.807887
title: (Table 2) Geochemistry of spinel at DSDP Holes 80-550B and 80-551
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.887296
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Ishigakijima (2018-01)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771621
title: Physical oceanography during Walther Herwig III cruise WH189
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.807890
title: (Table 5) Trace elements at DSDP Holes 80-550B and 80-551
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771387
title: (Table 8.3.5) Chemical composition of bottom sediments from the Haakon Mosby mud volcano, Norwegian Sea

description: 0 = not found; &lt;10 = traces.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771623
title: Physical oceanography during Walther Herwig III cruise WH192/1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771665
title: Physical oceanography during Walther Herwig III cruise WH253
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.722841
title: Bacterial activity in sediment core 13077-014
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771622
title: Physical oceanography during Walther Herwig III cruise WH190
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.511467
title: Dive depth profile of Weddell seal DRE1998_wed_a_m_11 from Drescher Inlet

description: Time-depth profile at 8 s resolution
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905710
title: Sea ice drift and surface temperature from autonomous measurements from buoy 2019C31, deployed during IceBird 2019 Winter

description: Sea ice drift and surface temperature were measured by the Compact Air-Launched Ice Beacon (CALIB) 2019C31 drifting on Arctic sea ice deployed via aircraft gravity launcher during IceBird 2019 Winter. The time series describes the position and additional parameters of the buoy between 05 April 2019 and 10 July 2019 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The data set has been processed, including the removal of obvious inconsistencies (missing values).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.788579
title: (Table 3) Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifers at DSDP Hole 94-610A
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.762621
title: Core-section summary for Hole 325-M0038A
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.773163
title: (Table S1) Nd-Pb isotope ratios of oceanic crust beneath Costa Rica
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.497129
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise M90IGB_1989
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.763256
title: (Table 2) Compositional parameters for hydrocarbons and ketones in DSDP Hole 64-481A

description: Distance (cm) from Sill 30 m.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.783641
title: (Table T2) Alkenone concentration, UK'37 index and derived sea surface temperatures for ODP Hole 186-1151C
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.807879
title: (Table 1) Normalized difference vegetation index in control and warming plots, Abisco Research Station

description: Extreme winter warming events in the sub-Arctic have caused considerable vegetation damage due to rapid changes in temperature and loss of snow cover. The frequency of extreme weather is expected to increase due to climate change thereby increasing the potential for recurring vegetation damage in Arctic regions. Here we present data on vegetation recovery from one such natural event and multiple experimental simulations in the sub-Arctic using remote sensing, handheld passive proximal sensors and ground surveys.Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) recovered fast (2 years), from the 26% decline following one natural extreme winter warming event. Recovery was associated with declines in dead Empetrum nigrum (dominant dwarf shrub) from ground surveys. However, E. nigrum healthy leaf NDVI was also reduced (16%) following this winter warming event in experimental plots (both control and treatments), suggesting that non-obvious plant damage (i.e., physiological stress) had occurred in addition to the dead E. nigrum shoots that was considered responsible for the regional 26% NDVI decline. Plot and leaf level NDVI provided useful additional information that could not be obtained from vegetation surveys and regional remote sensing (MODIS) alone. The major damage of an extreme winter warming event appears to be relatively transitory. However, potential knock-on effects on higher trophic levels (e.g., rodents, reindeer, and bear) could be unpredictable and large. Repeated warming events year after year, which can be expected under winter climate warming, could result in damage that may take much longer to recover.
description: All NDVI values are means of n = 6. Data extracted in the frame of a joint ICSTI/PANGAEA IPY effort, see http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.150150
description: Supplement to: Bokhorst, Stef; Tømmervik, H; Callaghan, Terry V; Phoenix, Gareth K; Bjerke, Jarle W (2012): Vegetation recovery following extreme winter warming events in the sub-Arctic estimated using NDVI from remote sensing and handheld passive proximal sensors. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 81, 18-25
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953777
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Bondville (2020-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.773893
title: Color data from IODP Hole 322-C0012A

description: Geocode = [m CSF-A] Top Core depth (below sea floor)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.884016
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Minamitorishima (2017-10)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905764
title: Growth measurements from corals in an ocean-based nursery experiment near Sambangan Island, Indonesia, 2003-2004

description: This dataset contains growth measurements of corals in ocean-based nurseries. The data derives from coral growth experiments based near Sambangan Island, Indonesia, conducted from October 2003 to March 2004. In this study, the use of cages built from locally available materials in the ocean-based culture of fragments of the coral species Acropora gomezi and Pavona cactus was examined. In a first experiment, fragments were cultured without cages, within concrete frames with bamboo covers of two different mesh sizes, and within control cages at two different depths. In a second experiment, fragments were reared inside concrete frames covered with fishing net, half of which were additionally shaded with bamboo covers. Growth rates were measured every three weeks as linear increases and at the end of the experiments as increases in weight and volume. For size measurements a steel caliper (accuracy 0.1 mm) was used, the weight was measured with an electronic solar letter scale with an accuracy of 0.5 g (MAULtronic S). Volume was measured by suspending the fragments up to the base into a plastic cylinder with a ml scale (Ø 27 mm) which was filled to the rim with sea water or by measuring the water displacement in a larger beaker.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.511465
title: Dive depth profile of Weddell seal DRE1998_wed_a_m_01 from Drescher Inlet

description: Time-depth profile at 8 s resolution
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953779
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Bondville (2020-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905588
title: (Supplement S1) Chemical characteristics of the assigned elemental formulas from the FT-ICR MS data of Arctic aerosol-derived organic matter collected in Ny-Ålesund, 29 April - 02 May
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905665
title: Table 1. Mineralogical composition of the Omok-Sampling-Site

description: * Kluger et al. (2017)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.763175
title: (Table 2) Chemical composition of sulfide deposits from the Beehive hydrothermal edifice, Snake Pit hydrothermal field
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.770546
title: (Table 3) Representative analyes of pumpellyite of ODP Hole 125-778A and 125-779A

description: Calculation based on O = 24.5.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.498686
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise U90X000400B_1973
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953778
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Bondville (2020-06)

description: Start location: Lincoln, IL; Distance from radiation site: 82 km; If launch time is exactly 00Z or 12Z, the actual launch time is likely unknown
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953801
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Bondville (2020-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.736400
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (2009-10)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.863687
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Lerwick (2012-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953781
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Bondville (2020-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953782
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Bondville (2020-07)

description: Start location: Lincoln, IL; Distance from radiation site: 82 km; If launch time is exactly 00Z or 12Z, the actual launch time is likely unknown
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.863728
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Lerwick (2012-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.770259
title: Ooid and bioclast frequency data

description: thin-sections, microscope (type: Zeiss Axio Imager. A 1m Pol) + camera (type: Kodak KAI-4020-CM)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.858081
title: (Table 3) Concentrations of rare earth element in pore waters of IODP Hole 323-U1345B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905843
title: Relative abundance, biomass and claw size of Hemigrapsus takanoi in the Kiel Fjord, Western Baltic Sea during 2017
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.807854
title: (Table 3) Collembola abundance in control and warming plots, Abisco Research Station
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.736428
title: Expanded measurements from Neumayer Station (2009-10)

description: 99999: No clouds detected
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.498355
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise U909I08780B_1970
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.770733
title: (Table 4) Analyses of clinopyroxenes of ODP Hole 125-781A
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.757501
title: (Table 2) Biomass of seston at sections in the Southeast Atlantic
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.757307
title: (Table 3) Molecular compositions of the occluded hydrate of the Gulf of Mexico sediments
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771251
title: (Table 1) Pollen occurrence for ODP Leg 127
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.909619
title: Cloud Chemistry Monitoring at Mt. Brocken, Germany - 2009

description: The liquid water content of clouds (LWC) has been continuously measured using forward scattering of laser beams by cloud droplets with a Particulate Volume Monitor PVM-100 (Gerber Scientific Inc.). This instrument was also used to control an automated „wet-only” sampling unit that opens up and moves a passive string collector (ASRC type) into sampling position when the LWC level exceeds a 25mg/m**3 threshold. The samples were analysed by ion chromatography (DIONEX suppressor, SYKAM pump and conductivity detector, JASCO sampler) for anions ([Cl]-, [NO3]-, [SO4]2-) and cations ([Na]+, [NH4]+, [K]+, [Ca]2+, [Mg]2+), pH and conductivity. The acceptance criteria for ion balance and for conductivity (measured/calculated), respectively, are defined in the Reports 85 (1992) and 102 (1994) of the WMO for all activities within the GAW program and also we did follow rigorously these standard practices. The whole measurement and analytical procedure was laid down in standard operating procedures. Overall data check: Karin Acker
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.863734
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2016-03)

description: Version 2, 2016-08-15. Issues in direct and diffuse radiation data were detected in the old version (middle of march and onwards), diffuse radiation was therefore deleted and data from a different direct sensor was used for this dataset.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.785500
title: (Figure 10) Stable isotopes and age analysis from Neogloboquadrina pachyderma measured on sediment core HUD91/039-012P
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.863748
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2012-12)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.864651
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2016-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674610
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Kwajalein (2000-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.477459
title: Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples at station SAtl_1983_OC_10S/146

description: This data sets is part of a compilation by James Swift for the Java OceanAtlas software. Data are from various pre-WOCE sources, mainly with contributions and quality control from Joseph Reid (SIO) and NODC.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.496253
title: Water temperature MBT profiles from cruise U90X089287M_1983
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.759020
title: (Table 2) Elemental composition of sediment samples of Broken Ridge

description: MnO and P2O5 percentages are lower than 0.06 wt% in all residues except Sample 121-755A-14R-2,137-139, where P2O5 is 0.34 wt%.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.757294
title: Phytoplankton biomass during Akademik Vernadsky cruise AV22
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.807766
title: (Table 3) Bulk geochemistry at DSDP Hole 80-550 recalculated on a CaO-free basis
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.758410
title: (Table 16) Nannoplankton distribution in sediment core ANS3-T1

description: Species abundaces: C = common, F = few, R = rare, VR = very rare, - = absent.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905972
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Lindenberg (2017-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.689932
title: Radiosonde M58_R115 during METEOR cruise M58 on 1981-10-10 08:00h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674615
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Kwajalein (2000-09)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.755958
title: (Table 2) Carbonate-free sediment components of ODP Site 115-709
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.727154
title: Geochemistry on sediment core MD04-2876

description: Age is given in C14 years.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.759233
title: (Table 1) Abundance and biomass of planktic infusoria in the 0-200 m layer within the California upwelling region
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.841001
title: Absolute counts of dinocysts in sediment core Java1609-30
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.496208
title: Water temperature MBT profiles from cruise U90X089240M_1980
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.755909
title: (Table 3) Distribution of calcareous nannofossil taxa in ODP Hole 115-705A

description: Species abundance: D = dominant (&gt;50 %), A = abundant (10-50 %), C = common (1-10 %), F = few (0.1-1 %), R = rare (&lt;0.1 %), - = not present, cf = confer.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.869583
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Rock Springs (2013-03)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-03.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.785976
title: (Table T2) Calcium carbonate mineralogy and stable isotopic composition of ODP Site 182-1129
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.497189
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise M90PD95808B_1958
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.722798
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Rock Springs (2008-05)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.495025
title: Water temperature MBT profiles from cruise K7441M_1971
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.664277
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_1118
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.902824
title: Tropical calanoid copepod stable isotope data from the Mexican Pacific

description: Stable isotope values (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) of 20 calanoid copepod species, 3 zooplankton size fractions and seston were assessed from samples obtained monthly between January and December 2012 at a coastal sampling site in the Eastern Tropical Pacific off Mexico (19°09'03" N, 104°44'50" W).
description: Supplement to: Kozak, Eva R; Franco-Gordo, Carmen; Godínez-Domínguez, Enrique; Suárez-Morales, Eduardo; Ambriz-Arreola, Israel (2020): Seasonal variability of stable isotope values and niche size in tropical calanoid copepods and zooplankton size fractions. Marine Biology, 167(3)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.905976
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Lindenberg (2017-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953803
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Bondville (2020-09)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.496375
title: Water temperature MBT profiles from cruise U90X120115M_1985
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.689925
title: Radiosonde M58_R107 during METEOR cruise M58 on 1981-10-08 11:06h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.901264
title: Apatite fission track (AFT) length analyses of sample MAU-02 from a Precambrian crystalline basement in Mauretania
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.712822
title: Stable isotope analysis on planktic foraminifera on sediment core POS158/1_0020/2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.499518
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise U90XX08313B_1984
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.953805
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Bondville (2020-09)

description: Start location: Lincoln, IL; Distance from radiation site: 82 km; If launch time is exactly 00Z or 12Z, the actual launch time is likely unknown
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.615393
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (2006-01)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.722999
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Rock Springs (2002-03)

description: Version 2, 2009-06-26
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.923258
title: Middle Miocene bottom water carbonate clumped isotope temperatures, ODP Hole 120-747A, Kerguelen Plateau

description: This table includes temperatures calculated from carbonate clumped isotope measurements performed on middle Miocene benthic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 120-747A, Kerguelen Plateau, and is an accompaniment to the manuscript "Southern Ocean bottom water cooling and ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene climate transition", Climate of the Past, submitted. A complete set of individual measurement data, including sample labels, depth and raw mass spectrometer data, can be found on the EarthChem database (Leutert et al., 2021 doi:10.26022/IEDA/111808).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.806716
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Izaña (2013-01)

description: Start location: Guimar; Distance from radiation site: 5 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828601
title: Magnetic remanence from IODP Hole 323-U1343E

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694917
title: Concentrations of chlorophyll-alpha in water of the Aegean Sea at Station SEPT-1998-IR51

description: Samples from 2 l of sea water were filtered through polycarbonate Millipore filters. The filters were kept deep frozen and analyzed according to Holm-Hansen et al. (Holm-Hansen, O., Lorenzen, C.J., Holmes, R.W., Strickland, J.D.H. 1965. Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll. Journal du Conseil Permanent International Pour l'Exploration de la Mer 30, 3-15).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.935325
title: Number of consumed Gammarus locusta and Mytilus edulis in a choice experiment with Hemigrapsus takanoi

description: Field and Laboratory experiments were performed to study the feeding ecology of Hemigrpasus takanoi and C. maenas. Experiments were done between 2017-2020 on oyster reefs near the island of Sylt (Wadden Sea, North Sea). Data were collected to investigate the effect of a non-native crab species on native community. We used exclusion experiments in the field and feeding experiments under controlled conditions at the lab.