cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696152.v1
title: Feedlot performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle submitted to different feeding frequencies

description: ABSTRACT: Owing to the lack of information in the literature about the ideal feeding frequency adopted by feedlot systems, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different feeding frequencies on performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle. Forty-eight yearling bulls were housed in individual pens with an average initial body weight of 358.2 kg. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block and the treatments were the feeding of cattle one, two, three, or four times daily (n = 12 per treatment). Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic and cubic relationship between feeding frequency and the dependent variable. As feeding frequency increased, final body weight (p = 0.03) and average daily gain (p = 0.01; one: 0.98 kg d–1; two: 0.96 kg d–1; three: 1.18 kg d–1; four: 1.14 kg d–1) increased linearly and the feed:gain ratio decreased (p = 0.02). Also, as feeding frequency increased, hot carcass weight was affected cubically (p = 0.01; one: 246.9 kg; two: 243.0 kg; three: 263.1 kg; four: 258.1 kg). During the adaptation period dry matter intake variation was affected cubically (p ≤ 0.05; one: 16 %; two: 23 %; three: 14 %; four: 16 %). Increases in feeding frequency affected papillae height (p &lt; 0.01) and papillae surface area (p &lt; 0.01) cubically, as well as producing increases in the mitotic index (p = 0.05; one: 9 %; two: 11 %; three: 13 %; four: 13 %) and cells in proliferation (p = 0.05) linearly. Thus, Nellore yearling bulls should be fed three times daily in feedlot operations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696143
title: Two dynamics, two results: The Catholic Church in the Brazilian National Constituent Assembly 1987-1988

description: Abstract In the 1980s, after the military dictatorship, the Brazilian legal and political framework was being reviewed. The National Constituent Assembly (ANC – Assembleia Nacional Constituinte), that happened between 1987 and 1988, was the key moment for the establishment of the current Federal Constitution. This paper analyses the role of the Catholic Church in the ANC. By that time, the Brazilian Conference of Bishops (CNBB – Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil) was the leading sector of the Church and was strongly related to the Liberation theology, a group which stood up for children’s rights and land reform. This survey examines the dynamics of the catholic agents in the ANC within two different political spaces: (1) the Subcommittee of Land Reform and (2) the Subcommittee of Minors. In both cases, the catholic agents established collaborative networks and resisted other interest groups that were traditionally settled in the political arena. Results have shown that despite republican secularism, the Church played an important role in the development of contemporary Brazilian political structures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696143.v1
title: Two dynamics, two results: The Catholic Church in the Brazilian National Constituent Assembly 1987-1988

description: Abstract In the 1980s, after the military dictatorship, the Brazilian legal and political framework was being reviewed. The National Constituent Assembly (ANC – Assembleia Nacional Constituinte), that happened between 1987 and 1988, was the key moment for the establishment of the current Federal Constitution. This paper analyses the role of the Catholic Church in the ANC. By that time, the Brazilian Conference of Bishops (CNBB – Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil) was the leading sector of the Church and was strongly related to the Liberation theology, a group which stood up for children’s rights and land reform. This survey examines the dynamics of the catholic agents in the ANC within two different political spaces: (1) the Subcommittee of Land Reform and (2) the Subcommittee of Minors. In both cases, the catholic agents established collaborative networks and resisted other interest groups that were traditionally settled in the political arena. Results have shown that despite republican secularism, the Church played an important role in the development of contemporary Brazilian political structures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696137
title: Technical and economic viability of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean cultivars in the Cerrado

description: ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) efficiency can be increased by co-inoculation with bradyrhizobia and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing even greater uptake of water and nutrients, leading to higher yields. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of soybean in the Cerrado, according to the cultivars and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in no-tillage system, in Oxisol, arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two cultivars (‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’), with and without co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases grain yield in the cultivars ‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’, being economically viable. However, using the cultivar ‘Potência’ co-inoculated led to the highest profitability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696137.v1
title: Technical and economic viability of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean cultivars in the Cerrado

description: ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) efficiency can be increased by co-inoculation with bradyrhizobia and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing even greater uptake of water and nutrients, leading to higher yields. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of soybean in the Cerrado, according to the cultivars and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in no-tillage system, in Oxisol, arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two cultivars (‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’), with and without co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases grain yield in the cultivars ‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’, being economically viable. However, using the cultivar ‘Potência’ co-inoculated led to the highest profitability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696134
title: The More Doctors Program: elements of tension between the government and medical associations

description: In 2013, the first physicians arrived for the More Doctors Program. The process of implementation was engulfed in legal disputes and ideological conflicts sparked by Brazilian physicians and their representative associations. The initiative to create the program was seen by the medical associations as a unilateral measure of the federal government, lacking in planning and designed to win votes. This paper presents the historical process that gave rise to the program, highlighting the tension between the government and medical associations. It is an exploratory study with biographical and documental research. Through analyzing data and national and international trends, as well as statements from physicians and their representative associations, it can be inferred that the program is not understood in its entirety, which goes beyond the immediate provision of physicians. In addition, the regulatory role of the State, in its responsibility to comply with the Federal Constitution, is being misinterpreted as undermining the autonomy of the medical profession.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696134.v1
title: The More Doctors Program: elements of tension between the government and medical associations

description: In 2013, the first physicians arrived for the More Doctors Program. The process of implementation was engulfed in legal disputes and ideological conflicts sparked by Brazilian physicians and their representative associations. The initiative to create the program was seen by the medical associations as a unilateral measure of the federal government, lacking in planning and designed to win votes. This paper presents the historical process that gave rise to the program, highlighting the tension between the government and medical associations. It is an exploratory study with biographical and documental research. Through analyzing data and national and international trends, as well as statements from physicians and their representative associations, it can be inferred that the program is not understood in its entirety, which goes beyond the immediate provision of physicians. In addition, the regulatory role of the State, in its responsibility to comply with the Federal Constitution, is being misinterpreted as undermining the autonomy of the medical profession.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696131
title: THE EXPLICIT TEACHING AF READING COMPREHENSION. IMPACT ANALYSIS OF AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM

description: ABSTRACT In this paper, the intervention program Aprender a compreender torna mais fácil o saber for 3rd and 4th primary school grades is presented. Its main goal is to develop students’ reading comprehension, reading strategies and metacomprehension competences. The program was administered to a sample of 1,142 students of the 4th grade. The evaluation of results was designed as a single group with both pre- and post-tests. The results showed statistically significant differences between both moment of evaluation, and the results obtained by these students in the Portuguese Language Exam in 2012 showed that: the percentage of students that obtained A and B scores was higher than the national average; the percentage of the ones who obtained D and E scores was lower than the percentages obtained nationally. Future studies should be designed with the inclusion of a control group and should evaluate teachers’ perceptions about the program and its efficacy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696131.v1
title: THE EXPLICIT TEACHING AF READING COMPREHENSION. IMPACT ANALYSIS OF AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM

description: ABSTRACT In this paper, the intervention program Aprender a compreender torna mais fácil o saber for 3rd and 4th primary school grades is presented. Its main goal is to develop students’ reading comprehension, reading strategies and metacomprehension competences. The program was administered to a sample of 1,142 students of the 4th grade. The evaluation of results was designed as a single group with both pre- and post-tests. The results showed statistically significant differences between both moment of evaluation, and the results obtained by these students in the Portuguese Language Exam in 2012 showed that: the percentage of students that obtained A and B scores was higher than the national average; the percentage of the ones who obtained D and E scores was lower than the percentages obtained nationally. Future studies should be designed with the inclusion of a control group and should evaluate teachers’ perceptions about the program and its efficacy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696128
title: Dietary levels and sources of selenium for post weaning piglets

description: ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to study the effects of two sources and dietary levels of selenium (Se) on performance, Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and liver of piglets post weaning. A total of 126 weaned pigs male and female Large White × Landrace, at average body weight of 7.2±0.67kg were allotted to seven treatments in a randomized block design, with two Se sources (organic and inorganic), inclusion levels, two levels for the inorganic source (0.30 and 0.60ppm) and four for the organic source (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60ppm) and one control diet without Se supplementation containing 0.095ppm, and six replicates of three animals per pen. The experimental period was 35 days post-weaning. The organic source contained 0.2067% (Se-yeast), and the inorganic 45.86% (sodium selenite) analyzed. Piglets that received supplemental Se had lower feed intake compared to those not supplemented. Furthermore, feed conversion was better with dietary supplementation of Se, and the organic source was better than the inorganic source at level of 0.30ppm. Plasma concentration of Se was higher (35.53%) in animals receiving dietary supplementation of this mineral, regardless of the sources studied. There was no effect of sources on plasma and hepatic Se, with the lowest values observed for the non-supplementation and organic Se at dietary level of 0.15ppm. There was a linear reduction of plasma GSH-Px activity with increased supplementation levels of organic Se, and the hepatic GSH-Px activity increased linearly with the increased supplementation, regardless of the source studied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696128.v1
title: Dietary levels and sources of selenium for post weaning piglets

description: ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to study the effects of two sources and dietary levels of selenium (Se) on performance, Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and liver of piglets post weaning. A total of 126 weaned pigs male and female Large White × Landrace, at average body weight of 7.2±0.67kg were allotted to seven treatments in a randomized block design, with two Se sources (organic and inorganic), inclusion levels, two levels for the inorganic source (0.30 and 0.60ppm) and four for the organic source (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60ppm) and one control diet without Se supplementation containing 0.095ppm, and six replicates of three animals per pen. The experimental period was 35 days post-weaning. The organic source contained 0.2067% (Se-yeast), and the inorganic 45.86% (sodium selenite) analyzed. Piglets that received supplemental Se had lower feed intake compared to those not supplemented. Furthermore, feed conversion was better with dietary supplementation of Se, and the organic source was better than the inorganic source at level of 0.30ppm. Plasma concentration of Se was higher (35.53%) in animals receiving dietary supplementation of this mineral, regardless of the sources studied. There was no effect of sources on plasma and hepatic Se, with the lowest values observed for the non-supplementation and organic Se at dietary level of 0.15ppm. There was a linear reduction of plasma GSH-Px activity with increased supplementation levels of organic Se, and the hepatic GSH-Px activity increased linearly with the increased supplementation, regardless of the source studied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696119
title: Alternative splicing originates different domain structure organization of Lutzomyia longipalpis chitinases

description: BACKGROUND The insect chitinase gene family is composed by more than 10 paralogs, which can codify proteins with different domain structures. In Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, a chitinase cDNA from adult female insects was previously characterized. The predicted protein contains one catalytic domain and one chitin-binding domain (CBD). The expression of this gene coincided with the end of blood digestion indicating a putative role in peritrophic matrix degradation. OBJECTIVES To determine the occurrence of alternative splicing in chitinases of L. longipalpis. METHODS We sequenced the LlChit1 gene from a genomic clone and the three spliced forms obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using larvae cDNA. FINDINGS We showed that LlChit1 from L. longipalpis immature forms undergoes alternative splicing. The spliced form corresponding to the adult cDNA was named LlChit1A and the two larvae specific transcripts were named LlChit1B and LlChit1C. The B and C forms possess stop codons interrupting the translation of the CBD. The A form is present in adult females post blood meal, L4 larvae and pre-pupae, while the other two forms are present only in L4 larvae and disappear just before pupation. Two bands of the expected size were identified by Western blot only in L4 larvae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time alternative splicing generating chitinases with different domain structures increasing our understanding on the finely regulated digestion physiology and shedding light on a potential target for controlling L. longipalpis larval development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696119.v1
title: Alternative splicing originates different domain structure organization of Lutzomyia longipalpis chitinases

description: BACKGROUND The insect chitinase gene family is composed by more than 10 paralogs, which can codify proteins with different domain structures. In Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, a chitinase cDNA from adult female insects was previously characterized. The predicted protein contains one catalytic domain and one chitin-binding domain (CBD). The expression of this gene coincided with the end of blood digestion indicating a putative role in peritrophic matrix degradation. OBJECTIVES To determine the occurrence of alternative splicing in chitinases of L. longipalpis. METHODS We sequenced the LlChit1 gene from a genomic clone and the three spliced forms obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using larvae cDNA. FINDINGS We showed that LlChit1 from L. longipalpis immature forms undergoes alternative splicing. The spliced form corresponding to the adult cDNA was named LlChit1A and the two larvae specific transcripts were named LlChit1B and LlChit1C. The B and C forms possess stop codons interrupting the translation of the CBD. The A form is present in adult females post blood meal, L4 larvae and pre-pupae, while the other two forms are present only in L4 larvae and disappear just before pupation. Two bands of the expected size were identified by Western blot only in L4 larvae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time alternative splicing generating chitinases with different domain structures increasing our understanding on the finely regulated digestion physiology and shedding light on a potential target for controlling L. longipalpis larval development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696116
title: Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Different Plant Parts of Milkweed on Weeds and Growth and Yield of Wheat

description: ABSTRACT: The present research work was undertaken to find out the phytotoxic effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and root of milkweed (Calotropis procera) in the Agronomic Research Area of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of aqueous leaf, stem and root extracts (10, 20, 30 and 40%) of milkweed, which were compared with tap water (control). The results showed that the reduction of all studied parameters, including weeds, growth and yield of wheat was proportional to the concentration of aqueous extracts of milkweed in use. The level of inhibition was concentration-dependent as inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts of all three plant parts of milkweed. Therefore, application of maximum concentration (40%) of aqueous leaf, stem and root extracts correspondingly reduced all the studied parameters. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that the Calotropis procera should be removed near the cultivating wheat fields because it contains some phytotoxic substances, which may be leached out by the roots and cause serious losses to the growers and crop species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696116.v1
title: Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Different Plant Parts of Milkweed on Weeds and Growth and Yield of Wheat

description: ABSTRACT: The present research work was undertaken to find out the phytotoxic effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and root of milkweed (Calotropis procera) in the Agronomic Research Area of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of aqueous leaf, stem and root extracts (10, 20, 30 and 40%) of milkweed, which were compared with tap water (control). The results showed that the reduction of all studied parameters, including weeds, growth and yield of wheat was proportional to the concentration of aqueous extracts of milkweed in use. The level of inhibition was concentration-dependent as inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts of all three plant parts of milkweed. Therefore, application of maximum concentration (40%) of aqueous leaf, stem and root extracts correspondingly reduced all the studied parameters. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that the Calotropis procera should be removed near the cultivating wheat fields because it contains some phytotoxic substances, which may be leached out by the roots and cause serious losses to the growers and crop species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696113
title: Microstructural strength of four subtropical soils evaluated by rheometry: properties, difficulties and opportunities

description: ABSTRACT: The structural strength of soils has been extensively described by physical and mechanical properties evaluated on the mesoscale for different soils and management conditions. However, changes in the organization of the soil matrix at the microstructural level, which can be obtained by rheometry, are still seldom used in soil mechanics. Our aim was to use the amplitude sweep test, a rheometry technique, to investigate the microstructural strength of four subtropical soils (two Oxisols, an Ultisol and a Vertisol) and to discuss difficulties with respect to the samples, water content, soil density and vertical force. The various rheological properties which reveal the soil microstructural strength were determined: deformation at the end of the linear viscoelastic range, LVE range (γLVE), shear stress at the end of the LVE range (τLVE), deformation at yield point, YP (γYP), storage and loss moduli at YP (G′G″YP), maximum shear stress (τmax), and integral z. In general, soil elasticity (γLVE and γYP) and microstructural strength (τLVE and τmax) were greater in the Oxisols and the Vertisol, which both possess high clay content, while the latter also contains expansive clay minerals. The lowest structural strength was observed in the Ultisol which had a high sand content. As rheological properties are related to soil properties such as particle size distribution and carbon content, they can be applied in the evaluation of the microstructural strength of clayey and sandy soils and allows for inferences regarding inter-particle shear strength. However, the test is not applicable to very dry soil samples and sample preparations can affect the results. We suggest a number of approaches to find solutions for these difficulties/problems.