cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843429
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110839087
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843430
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110839071
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843416
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110839065
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843348
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838956
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843287
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838850
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838927
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838847
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843254
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838840
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.205, PFAnep 0296.205

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.205, PFUT 0296-205 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on left edge. Damage on right edge, upper edge. Part of reverse broken, also cracks.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843235
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838835
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843217
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110838819
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0296.206, PFAnep 0296.206

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0296.206, PFUT 0296-206 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. Cracks and damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843128
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843113
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843126
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843089
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110844436
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.202, PFAnep 0324.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.202, PFUT 0324-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Right edge of tablet broken. Damage and cracks on obverse, reverse. Right part of reverse missing. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843087
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110844413
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.202, PFAnep 0324.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.202, PFUT 0324-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Right edge of tablet broken. Damage and cracks on obverse, reverse. Right part of reverse missing. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843085
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110844412
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.202, PFAnep 0324.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.202, PFUT 0324-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Right edge of tablet broken. Damage and cracks on obverse, reverse. Right part of reverse missing. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110843002
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110844382
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.202, PFAnep 0324.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.202, PFUT 0324-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Right edge of tablet broken. Damage and cracks on obverse, reverse. Right part of reverse missing. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110842996
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110844300
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.202, PFAnep 0324.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.202, PFUT 0324-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Right edge of tablet broken. Damage and cracks on obverse, reverse. Right part of reverse missing. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110842984
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0324.201, PFAnep 0324.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0324.201, PFUT 0324-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge of tablet missing. Cracks and other damage on reverse. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)