cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42971
title: Japanese flower girls, Southern California Flower Association, Southern California, 1934

description: 4 photographs of women and men with flowers, Southern California Flower Association, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Japanese flower girls; Client: So[uthern] Calif[ornia] Flower Ass[ociatio]n, 329 Chamber of Commerce, Mrs. Mitamura; Original Print Order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy], dull, opal; Re-Order: 1 ea[ch] #1 & 2, 1 ea[ch], 1 ea[ch] 1,2,3,4, 1 ea[ch] #4,3,1, 1 ea[ch] #3,1, 1 #3; Mount: linen 8"; Year: 1934; Job: 10-17-101" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report Name: Joe; 4 Original Photographs-Size: 8x10; Amount: 9.50" -- on envelope back. "Southern California Flower Market, Inc[orporated], cordially invites you to attend the, Autumn Flower Show, Featuring, Japanese Floral Arrangements - Arts - Folk Dances, Southern Calif[ornia] Flower Market Building, 753-55 Wall Street, Los Angeles, California, October 20-21, 1934, Saturday 1 to 11 p.m., Sunday 10 a.m. to 11 p.m., Admission 35 cents; KHJ, Bert A. Phillips, Account Executive, Don Lee Broadcasting System, Columbia Don Lee Broadcasting System, Phone VAndike 711, 7th and Boxel Streets, Los Angeles" -- on business card front. "Yoshiko Ogata, Shigematsa, Takeyani; Schifuji Cafe, 1st & San Pedro, entrance on No[rth] San Pedro, next to Asia Co., from 5 on" -- on business card back.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wpmgy1
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 29171 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Collembola"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 29171 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102010-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42547
title: Vogue tire and golf balls, Southern California, 1934

description: 12 photographs of Vogue tire and golf balls, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Vogue tire + golf balls, (see 8x10 copy of retouched finished print); Client: MacDonald-Dodson; Original Print Order: 1 ea[ch] #1, 2, 1 #3; Size: 11x14, ball only, twice as large as it would be if neg[atives] were enlarged to 11x14; Finish:gl[ossy], gloss[y]; Job: 10-20-123; Year: 1934" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report Name: Dick; 1 Original Photographs-At Studio: 11x14; Original Photographs-Size: Louise, Make this invoice read 35-11x14 mounted prints incl[uding] original photos + typography -$50.00; Amount: 15.00; Extra Charges: Dodson" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u4xqzn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 381 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Sudamerlycaste Archila"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 381 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102011-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-109553
title: Husband & wife on front lawn, etc., Los Angeles, Calif., 1940

description: 6 photographs of a man doffing his hat to a woman at the doorstep of a residence numbered 3739, a man with one arm around a woman and the other on a front-door frame, a man and woman walking on a sidewalk, a man talking with a woman at a front doorstep, and scenes with children, Los Angeles, California, 1940 July 11. "Bob Strong Volta Boyer" -- on envelope for names of models.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-109552
title: Husband & wife on front lawn, etc., Los Angeles, Calif., 1940

description: 6 photographs of a man doffing his hat to a woman at the doorstep of a residence numbered 3739, a man with one arm around a woman and the other on a front-door frame, a man and woman walking on a sidewalk, a man talking with a woman at a front doorstep, and scenes with children, Los Angeles, California, 1940 July 11. "Bob Strong Volta Boyer" -- on envelope for names of models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25783257
title: Data-2018 Yuexi_0

description: Nutrient and TSM data for spring and summer of 2018 in northwestern SCS
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25783257.v3
title: Data-2018 Yuexi_0

description: Nutrient and TSM data for spring and summer of 2018 in northwestern SCS
DOI: 10.15468/dl.invohe
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1161 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Zygopetalum Hook."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1161 records from 71 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102013-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25783257.v2
title: Data-2018 Yuexi_0

description: Nutrient and TSM data for spring and summer of 2018 in northwestern SCS
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-109200
title: Family in kitchen, Los Angeles, Calif., 1940

description: 6 photographs showing: a man smoking a pipe and wearing an apron as he dries dishes; a man, woman, boy, and girl in the kitchen washing, drying, and putting away dishes, Los Angeles, California, 1940 July 11.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j1taps
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 186 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pyrrhura orcesi Ridgely & Robbins, 1988"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 186 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102021-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-43187
title: Chevrolet, Bernice Yost, owner & assured, Essex coach, S. Baufield, owner, Southern California, 1934

description: 2 photographs of wrecked Chevrolet & Essex coach, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Chevrolet, Bernice Yost, owner & assured, Essex coach, S. Baufield, owner; Client: Aetna Casualty, McWilliams; Original Print Order: 2 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Year: 1934; Job: 12-8-31" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report Name: Dean; 2 Original Photographs-Size: 8x10; Amount: 6.00" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-110481
title: Men playing soccer, Los Angeles County, Calif., 1938

description: 5 photographs of a soccer match, probably in Los Angeles County, California, 1938 March.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.z6yorf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Automolus infuscatus paraensis",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102022-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42224
title: Chow, Southern California, 1934

description: 7 photographs of a boy with a Chow breed of dog, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Chow; Agency: J. Walter Thompson; Client: Coast Fishing; Original print order: 1 ea[ch] 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Re-order: 1#!; Size: 8x10; Finish: dull; Year: 1934; Job: 10-10-64" -- on envelope front. "Extra charges: Paulson; Original photographs-Size: 7, 8x10, In City, 16.50; Operator's report (Name): Joe" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.lmb0sz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 14 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Automolus infuscatus purusianus Todd, 1948",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 14 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102024-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-110597
title: Agricultural laborers harvesting food crops, Los Angeles County, Calif., 1938

description: 6 photographs of laborers harvesting carrots, probably in Los Angeles County, California, 1938 March.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qtuq6h
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 95 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gastrotheca plumbea (Boulenger, 1882)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 95 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102025-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42932
title: Cadillac-assured car, Metropolitan Casualty Co., Southern California, 1934

description: 11 photographs of damaged automobiles and street intersections, Metropolitan Casualty Co., Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Cadillac - assured car, Essex roadster, Intersection - 2nd & June St[reet]; Agency: Crescent Refining & Oil Co. (assured); Client: Metropolitan Casualty Co.; Original Print Order: 2 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Year: 1934; Job: 5-23-134" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report Name: Dean; 11 Original Photographs-Size: 8x10, 4 ext[erior], 7 int[erior]; Amount: 6.00, 15.00; Extra Charges: Gill" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11076885
title: ELITE SLWR: global 1km 5-min SLDR at SIN Grid-Terra (2012_321-335)

description: The Essential thermal Infrared remoTe sEnsing (ELITE) product suite currently has four types of products, including land surface temperature (LST: clear-sky and all-sky), emissivity (NBE: narrowband emissivity; BBE: broadband emissivity; and spectral emissivity), the component of surface radiation and energy budget (SLUR: surface longwave upwelling radiation; SLDR: surface longwave downward radiation SLDR; SLNR: surface longwave net radiation), and the component of Earth’s radiation budget (OLR; outgoing longwave radiation; RSR: reflected solar radiation). The spatial-temporal resolutions of the ELITE products are mainly determined by the employed satellite data sources. For more information about ELITE products, please refer to the website (https://elite.bnu.edu.cn).

This dataset is ELITE surface longwave downward radiation (SLDR) product at 1km spatial resolution and 5-min temporal resolution. It is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and ranges from 2000 to 2022 (continuously updated). This dataset was generated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data using the algorithms developed by Cheng et al. (2016), Cheng et al. (2017) and Yang and Cheng. (2020).

This is the ELITE SLDR product in 2012 (DOY: 321-335). Please click here to download the ELITE SLDR product in 2012 (DOY: 336-350).

Dataset Characteristics:



Spatial Coverage: Global

Temporal Coverage: 2012-11-16 ~ 2012-11-30

Spatial Resolution: 1 km

Temporal Resolution: 5-min

Data Format: h5

Projection: Sinusoidal

Scale: 0.05

Offset: -1000


Citation(Please cite these papers when using the data):



Cheng J, Liang S. Global estimates for high-spatial-resolution clear-sky land surface upwelling longwave radiation from MODIS data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2016, 54(7): 4115-4129. 

Cheng J, Liang S, Wang W, et al. An efficient hybrid method for estimating clear‐sky surface downward longwave radiation from MODIS data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2017, 122(5): 2616-2630.

Yang F, Cheng J. A framework for estimating cloudy sky surface downward longwave radiation from the derived active and passive cloud property parameters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2020, 248: 111972.


 

If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (eliteqrs@126.com).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11076886
title: ELITE SLWR: global 1km 5-min SLDR at SIN Grid-Terra (2012_321-335)

description: The Essential thermal Infrared remoTe sEnsing (ELITE) product suite currently has four types of products, including land surface temperature (LST: clear-sky and all-sky), emissivity (NBE: narrowband emissivity; BBE: broadband emissivity; and spectral emissivity), the component of surface radiation and energy budget (SLUR: surface longwave upwelling radiation; SLDR: surface longwave downward radiation SLDR; SLNR: surface longwave net radiation), and the component of Earth’s radiation budget (OLR; outgoing longwave radiation; RSR: reflected solar radiation). The spatial-temporal resolutions of the ELITE products are mainly determined by the employed satellite data sources. For more information about ELITE products, please refer to the website (https://elite.bnu.edu.cn).

This dataset is ELITE surface longwave downward radiation (SLDR) product at 1km spatial resolution and 5-min temporal resolution. It is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and ranges from 2000 to 2022 (continuously updated). This dataset was generated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data using the algorithms developed by Cheng et al. (2016), Cheng et al. (2017) and Yang and Cheng. (2020).

This is the ELITE SLDR product in 2012 (DOY: 321-335). Please click here to download the ELITE SLDR product in 2012 (DOY: 336-350).

Dataset Characteristics:



Spatial Coverage: Global

Temporal Coverage: 2012-11-16 ~ 2012-11-30

Spatial Resolution: 1 km

Temporal Resolution: 5-min

Data Format: h5

Projection: Sinusoidal

Scale: 0.05

Offset: -1000


Citation(Please cite these papers when using the data):



Cheng J, Liang S. Global estimates for high-spatial-resolution clear-sky land surface upwelling longwave radiation from MODIS data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2016, 54(7): 4115-4129. 

Cheng J, Liang S, Wang W, et al. An efficient hybrid method for estimating clear‐sky surface downward longwave radiation from MODIS data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2017, 122(5): 2616-2630.

Yang F, Cheng J. A framework for estimating cloudy sky surface downward longwave radiation from the derived active and passive cloud property parameters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2020, 248: 111972.


 

If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (eliteqrs@126.com).
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42925
title: Buick sedan at Classic garage, Southern California, 1934

description: 3 photographs of a wrecked Buick sedan, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Buick sedan at Classic Garage; Client: Ellis & Vickers, attorneys, 920 Transamerica building, Mr. Kimpton Ellis; Original print order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Year: 1934; Job: 5-19-122" -- on envelope front. "Original photographs-Size: 3, 8x10, In City, 7.00; Operator's report (Name): Dean" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ft9v2i
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 186 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pyrrhura orcesi Ridgely & Robbins, 1988"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 186 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102026-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sj2jf3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 223191 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1970",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 223191 records from 29 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005391-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42972
title: Japanese flower girls, Southern California Flower Association, Southern California, 1934

description: 4 photographs of women and men with flowers, Southern California Flower Association, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Japanese flower girls; Client: So[uthern] Calif[ornia] Flower Ass[ociatio]n, 329 Chamber of Commerce, Mrs. Mitamura; Original Print Order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy], dull, opal; Re-Order: 1 ea[ch] #1 & 2, 1 ea[ch], 1 ea[ch] 1,2,3,4, 1 ea[ch] #4,3,1, 1 ea[ch] #3,1, 1 #3; Mount: linen 8"; Year: 1934; Job: 10-17-101" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report Name: Joe; 4 Original Photographs-Size: 8x10; Amount: 9.50" -- on envelope back. "Southern California Flower Market, Inc[orporated], cordially invites you to attend the, Autumn Flower Show, Featuring, Japanese Floral Arrangements - Arts - Folk Dances, Southern Calif[ornia] Flower Market Building, 753-55 Wall Street, Los Angeles, California, October 20-21, 1934, Saturday 1 to 11 p.m., Sunday 10 a.m. to 11 p.m., Admission 35 cents; KHJ, Bert A. Phillips, Account Executive, Don Lee Broadcasting System, Columbia Don Lee Broadcasting System, Phone VAndike 711, 7th and Boxel Streets, Los Angeles" -- on business card front. "Yoshiko Ogata, Shigematsa, Takeyani; Schifuji Cafe, 1st & San Pedro, entrance on No[rth] San Pedro, next to Asia Co., from 5 on" -- on business card back.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5utm3e
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2446 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Secale cereale L.",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-10.73 36.94,-10.73 43.62,3.04 43.62,3.04 36.94,-10.73 36.94))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2446 records from 28 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102028-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42994
title: Groups & action, Southern California, 1934

description: 11 photographs of men and biplanes, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Groups & action; Client: West Coast Air Racing Association, 3990 So[uth] Vermont, Mr. Milton Gold; Original print order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy], Composite; Mount: See Mr. William; Re-orderL 1 ea[ch] # 10, 5, 8, 11, 11, 2#7, 11 of N[umber]s 6-8; Year: 1934; Job: 5-15-96" -- on envelope front. "Operator's report: 'Dick'; Original photographs: 10; Amount: 16.50" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6dwt6f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 26 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Automolus lammi J.T.Zimmer, 1947",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 26 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102031-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-42959
title: Merchandise for folder, Southern California, 1934

description: 9 photographs of merchandise for folder, Southern California, 1934. "Subject: Merchandise for folder; Agency: Miss Hollowell (Bob, globe) (see Joe); Client: Mitchell Financing Co[mpany]; Original Print Order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Job: 10-31-182; Year: 1934" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report (Name): Joe; 9 Original Photographs-Size; Amount: 19.50" -- on envelope back.
DOI: 10.25549/whit-c170-109670
title: Girl in canoe, D. Tompkins, California, 1940

description: 11 photographs of a woman posing for different activities, California, 1940 July 18. Poses include model Dorothy Tompkins in a wide-brimmed hat relaxing against a cushion in a canoe, with a paddle, and paddling the canoe (with masking lines on the negative); in a shirt and shorts tied with rope, and a straw hat, holding a stick with twine tied on it for a fish pole; and in a bathing suit drinking from a straw in a Coca-Cola bottle (with masking lines on the negative),
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s1ls9p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2398 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Ateles geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2398 records from 85 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0102032-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103056.20251217.10
title: Kineococcus sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103057.20230509.8.1
title: Kocuria sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103057.20251217.10
title: Kocuria sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103058.20230509.8.1
title: Kocuria sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103058.20251217.10
title: Kocuria sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18164793
title: Українські підручники з електронними додатками 2025 року: аналіз платформ е-додатків
title: Ukrainian textbooks with electronic applications in 2025: analysis of e-application platforms
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103059.20230509.8.1
title: Kocuria sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103059.20251217.10
title: Kocuria sp.

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103060.20241212.9.2
title: Kocuria rosea

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103060.20251217.10
title: Kocuria rosea

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103061.20230509.8.1
title: Kocuria rhizophila

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103061.20251217.10
title: Kocuria rhizophila

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103062.20230509.8.1
title: Kocuria varians

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103062.20251217.10
title: Kocuria varians

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive103063.20241212.9.2
title: Rothia kristinae

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.