DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t8w
title: Data from: Extracellular adenosine deamination primes tip organizer development in <em>Dictyostelium</em>

description: Ammonia is a morphogen in Dictyostelium and is known to arise from the
 catabolism of proteins and RNA. However, we show that extracellular
 adenosine deamination catalyzed by ‘adenosine deaminase related growth
 factor’ (ADGF) is a major source of ammonia, and demonstrate a direct role
 of ammonia in tip organizer development. The tip formed during early
 development in Dictyostelium functions analogously to the embryonic
 organizer of higher vertebrates. Dictyostelium strains carrying mutations
 in the gene adgf fail to establish an organizer, and this could be
 reversed by exposing the mutants to volatile ammonia. Interestingly,
 Klebsiella pneumoniae physically separated from the Dictyostelium adgf
 mutants in a partitioned dish, also rescues the mound arrest phenotype,
 suggesting a cross-kingdom interaction that drives development. Both the
 substrate, adenosine, and the product, ammonia, regulate adgf expression,
 and ADGF** acts downstream of the histidine kinase DhkD in regulating tip
 formation. Thus, the consecutive transformation of extracellular cAMP to
 adenosine and adenosine to ammonia are integral steps during Dictyostelium
 development. Remarkably, in higher vertebrates, adgf expression is
 elevated during gastrulation and thus adenosine deamination may be a
 conserved process driving organizer development in different organisms.
description: # Data from: Extracellular adenosine deamination primes tip organizer
 development in *Dictyostelium* Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t8w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t8w) ##
 Description of the data and file structure This submission contains all
 numerical data used to generate the plots described in the manuscript,
 with numerical data for each figure provided in separate sheets within the
 Excel file. In addition, the submission includes ADGF nucleotide and
 protein sequences used for SMART domain analysis and multiple sequence
 alignment in MEGA X. ### Files and variables #### File:
 adgf_sequence_for_SMART_analysis.txt **Description:** Nucleotide or amino
 acid sequence of ADGF used for BLAST and SMART analyses to identify
 protein family membership and conserved domains. ##### Variables *
 **Sequence**: ADGF nucleotide or amino acid sequence (FASTA format). ####
 File: adgf_sequences_for_MEGA_X_alignment.txt
 **Description:** FASTA-formatted ADGF sequences used for multiple sequence
 alignment and phylogenetic analysis in MEGA X. ##### Variables *
 **Sequence ID**: Identifier for each ADGF sequence * **Sequence**:
 Nucleotide or amino acid sequence used for alignment #### File:
 Numreical_data_for_figures.xlsx **Description:** Tabular numerical source
 data underlying the figures presented in the manuscript. Each sheet
 corresponds to a specific figure and contains the quantitative data used
 for statistical analysis and plotting. ##### Variables * **AX4**:
 Numerical measurements obtained from AX4 (wild-type) samples * **adgf⁻**:
 Numerical measurements obtained from adgf⁻ mutant samples * **Measured
 values**: Quantitative readouts corresponding to the indicated assay
 (e.g., aggregate size, number of aggregates per cm², relative fold change,
 percentage adhesion, average cell speed) **Units:**\ Units are specified
 in the column headers or figure legends (e.g., mm², cm⁻², %, µm/min,
 relative fold change). **Notes:**\ Each row represents an independent
 measurement or sample. AX4 and adgf⁻ data are listed in separate columns
 across all sheets. ## Code/software The numerical data file can be opened
 using Microsoft Excel. The sequence files (.txt) can be opened using any
 standard text editor (e.g., Notepad, Notepad++, TextEdit) or sequence
 analysis software that supports FASTA format.