DOI: 10.15468/4pt7cy
title: Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic, with emphasis on a new Hemicytheridae genus

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Coimbra, João C., Bottezini, Silvia R., Machado, Cláudia P. (2013): Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic, with emphasis on a new Hemicytheridae genus. Iheringia, Série Zoologia 103 (3): 289-301, DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212013000300012, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/15a954a0-daec-36e8-a288-29f37976292b/ABSTRACT. The present study is a further contribution to the systematic knowledge of the shallow water marine ostracodes from the Brazilian oceanic islands. A total of 14 species belonging to 10 genera and eight families is herein identified. One new genus and species are described and illustrated: Berguecythere insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. In addition to this new taXon, the abundant species Loxocorniculum tricornatum Krutak, 1971, widely distributed in recent sediments in the Gulf of MeXico, Caribbean, north and northeast of Brazil and the Rocas Atoll, along with the cosmopolitan tropical ostracode Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948, were also identified at specific level. The remaining 11 species were left at the genus level, and should provide new species. Ecological, zoo- and paleozoogeographical aspects were also briefly discussed.KEYWORDS. TaXonomy, new species, morphology, Atlantic Ocean.RESUMO. Ostracoda (Crustacea) do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Atlântico Equatorial, com ênfase em novo gênero de Hemicytheridae. O presente estudo é uma contribuiÇÃo para o conhecimento da sistemática dos ostracodes marinhos rasos das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. Um total de 14 espécies pertencentes a 10 gêneros e oito famílias é aqui identificado. Um novo gênero e espécie sÃo descritos e ilustrados: Berguecythere insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. Além desse novo táXon, foram também identificados Loxocorniculum tricornatum Krutak, 1971, espécie abundante amplamente distribuída em sedimentos recentes do Golfo do MéXico, Caribe, norte e nordeste do Brasil e no Atol das Rocas, e o ostracode cosmopolita tropical Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948. As 11 espécies restantes foram deiXadas em nível de gênero e devem fornecer novas espécies. Aspectos ecológicos e zoo- e paleozoogeográficos também foram brevemente discutidos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE. TaXonomia, nova espécie, morfologia, Oceano Atlântico.The Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo (ASPSP) was discovered in 1511 when a Portuguese fleet consisting of siX caravels bound for India then recorded its first shipwreck. Darwin, in his trip on the HMS Beagle around the world, visited this small archipelago in 1832, and he marveled at what he saw. He listed all the fauna he could find, but not a single plant or even lichen could be found by him. Since the last century, this archipelago is considered a site of ecological interest and also strategic for the Brazilian territory. On June 25, 1998, the Brazilian government inaugurated a scientific station in the Belmont islet, the largest of all, starting a successful research program called PROARQUIPELAGO (MARINHA DO BRASIL/ SECIRM, 2009).As discussed by many authors, high levels of endemism in oceanic islands and islets can be a result of allopatric speciation due to physical isolation. The deep ocean is an effective barrier to the dispersal of benthic invertebrates with life cycles restricted to shallow waters such as benthic ostracodes, which are not good swimmers and do not have a planktotrophic larval stage.There is consensus among most authors (e.g. LARWOOD & WHATLEY, 1993), that areas isolated over millions of years have higher levels of endemism than those with continual or intermittent shallow submarine connections with the mainland or other islands. Although the other three Brazilian oceanic islands, i.e., Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Trindade/Martim Vaz and the Rocas Atoll have submarine connections with the mainland (see COIMBRA & CARREñO, 2012), the ASPSP fits well in the first case since it is distant ~1,100 km from the coast of Brazil and its rocks rise from a depth of ~3,800 m (MOTOKI et al., 2009). This isolation is a major contributor to the high endemism among benthic invertebrates in this archipelago (see AMARAL et al., 2009; MORAES et al., 2009; OLIVEIRA et al., 2009). However, little is known about its ostracode fauna (see ANTONIETTO et al., 2012).This study is a contribution to the knowledge of the ostracodes from the ASPSP, with emphasis on the description of the endemic taXon Berguecythere insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. Furthermore, are identified and illustrated the remaining species (most in open nomenclature) recorded in this archipelago. Finally, aspects of the ecology and zoogeography of these microcrustaceans are also briefly discussed.