cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-339-1
title: Diagram MAPD0339

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-344-1
title: Diagram MAPD0344

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-345-1
title: Diagram MAPD0345

description: Circumsolar Intersecting: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on intersecting circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram Venus usually appears on the outermost circle in the pattern, producing the resultant planetary sequence from the Moon outward: Mercury -- Venus - Sun -- Mercury -- Venus. The two intersecting circles are usually about the same size, although the circle of Venus may be significantly larger than that of Mercury. The Sun may appear either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-348-1
title: Diagram MAPD0348

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-351-1
title: Diagram MAPD0351

description: Circumsolar Intersecting: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on intersecting circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram Venus usually appears on the outermost circle in the pattern, producing the resultant planetary sequence from the Moon outward: Mercury -- Venus - Sun -- Mercury -- Venus. The two intersecting circles are usually about the same size, although the circle of Venus may be significantly larger than that of Mercury. The Sun may appear either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-354-1
title: Diagram MAPD0354

description: Partes Angustantur: The diagram represents the cosmological and geometrical fact that an object or an arc of a given metrical length will fill a smaller and smaller angle as it is removed from the center. In the text created for this diagram the emphasis is upon the narrowing of angular arcs, and thus of planetary orbits, to shorter and shorter lengths as one approaches the central earth. This diagram can also function as an optical diagram to show that two arcs of equal length traced by two radii of different lengths will appear under different visual angles. I is worth noting that this reasoning also appears near the end of the Plinian excerpt (see above) "De Absidibus earum": nearer planets move faster, and motion at apogee is slowest. Two concentric circles are connected by a number of radial line segments, usually sixteen or more (not twelve). The only elaboration in the diagram is the label written circularly within the outer circle. In all but one case this label is "partes angustantur iuxta terram".
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-358-1
title: Diagram MAPD0358

description: Condicione Partium: For the text (VIII.880) the central object is the sphere of the Sun, with the five lines on either side representing solar rays, which obscure the planet Mercury except when it is sufficiently elongated from the Sun to be visible while the Sun is below the horizon. Either an oval or a circle has attached to its exterior two groups of lines more or less opposed to each other. The number of lines in each group is usually five. The lines may be horizontal or they may be inclined to the central oval/circle. A few examples make these lines wavelike. Within each group the lines are close to parallel and do not appear as segments of lines radiating from a center. These lines never cross the central oval/circle. Outside the diagram and not involved in any part of the diagram itself is the label, "condicione partium", or "condicione", or no label at all. In some cases additional clarification is made by adding a labeled circle for Mercury on either side of the sun's rays.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-361-1
title: Diagram MAPD0361

description: Acutis Spatiosis: The diagram represents the passage of the Moon latitudinally and obliquely through the zodiacal band. Across five parallel and equally spaced horizontal lines a diagonal is drawn. On the middle parallel appears a small circle labeled for the Sun. Along the diagonal appears a small circle labeled for the Moon. In the acute angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "acutus"; in the obtuse angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "spatiosus''. The phrase from the text of Capella, "aut acutis aut spatiosis", appears in complete or abbreviated form above the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-363-1
title: Diagram MAPD0363

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-365-1
title: Diagram MAPD0365

description: Capellan Planetary Theory: Appearing in two forms, both fairly elaborate, the diagram includes a number of aspects of planetary motion. The much more common form, labeled "apsides" in the catalogue, includes the planetary apsides as described in Capella's text, which appear as tumors (bumps) on the planetary paths. The alternative and more infrequent form, labelled "rectus ascensus", does not include apsides and shows the paths of the planets to be combinations of vertical lines on the sides and connecting arcs at top and bottom of the diagram. Both forms display Venus and Mercury as circumsolar intersecting paths. Both forms locate the earth away from the center of the diagram. Neither form represents a section of Capella's text; both are combinations of many elements of Capella's text. This diagram always appears as a large image, dominating the page. If it appears in combination with a group of other diagrams, appended to Capella's text, the "planetary theory" diagram is much larger than any other single diagram on the page.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-366-1
title: Diagram MAPD0366

description: Capellan Planetary Theory: Appearing in two forms, both fairly elaborate, the diagram includes a number of aspects of planetary motion. The much more common form, labeled "apsides" in the catalogue, includes the planetary apsides as described in Capella's text, which appear as tumors (bumps) on the planetary paths. The alternative and more infrequent form, labelled "rectus ascensus", does not include apsides and shows the paths of the planets to be combinations of vertical lines on the sides and connecting arcs at top and bottom of the diagram. Both forms display Venus and Mercury as circumsolar intersecting paths. Both forms locate the earth away from the center of the diagram. Neither form represents a section of Capella's text; both are combinations of many elements of Capella's text. This diagram always appears as a large image, dominating the page. If it appears in combination with a group of other diagrams, appended to Capella's text, the "planetary theory" diagram is much larger than any other single diagram on the page.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-367-1
title: Diagram MAPD0367

description: Capellan Planetary Theory: Appearing in two forms, both fairly elaborate, the diagram includes a number of aspects of planetary motion. The much more common form, labeled "apsides" in the catalogue, includes the planetary apsides as described in Capella's text, which appear as tumors (bumps) on the planetary paths. The alternative and more infrequent form, labelled "rectus ascensus", does not include apsides and shows the paths of the planets to be combinations of vertical lines on the sides and connecting arcs at top and bottom of the diagram. Both forms display Venus and Mercury as circumsolar intersecting paths. Both forms locate the earth away from the center of the diagram. Neither form represents a section of Capella's text; both are combinations of many elements of Capella's text. This diagram always appears as a large image, dominating the page. If it appears in combination with a group of other diagrams, appended to Capella's text, the "planetary theory" diagram is much larger than any other single diagram on the page.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-369-1
title: Diagram MAPD0369

description: Capellan Planetary Theory: Appearing in two forms, both fairly elaborate, the diagram includes a number of aspects of planetary motion. The much more common form, labeled "apsides" in the catalogue, includes the planetary apsides as described in Capella's text, which appear as tumors (bumps) on the planetary paths. The alternative and more infrequent form, labelled "rectus ascensus", does not include apsides and shows the paths of the planets to be combinations of vertical lines on the sides and connecting arcs at top and bottom of the diagram. Both forms display Venus and Mercury as circumsolar intersecting paths. Both forms locate the earth away from the center of the diagram. Neither form represents a section of Capella's text; both are combinations of many elements of Capella's text. This diagram always appears as a large image, dominating the page. If it appears in combination with a group of other diagrams, appended to Capella's text, the "planetary theory" diagram is much larger than any other single diagram on the page.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-401-1
title: Diagram MAPD0401

description: Circumsolar Intersecting: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on intersecting circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram Venus usually appears on the outermost circle in the pattern, producing the resultant planetary sequence from the Moon outward: Mercury -- Venus - Sun -- Mercury -- Venus. The two intersecting circles are usually about the same size, although the circle of Venus may be significantly larger than that of Mercury. The Sun may appear either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-311-1
title: Diagram MAPD0311

description: Terra:
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-313-1
title: Diagram MAPD0313

description: Three Versions of Circumsolar Planets: The figure combines three diagrams to illustrate not only the text of Capella but also at least one alternative. The modern edition of the text produces the form with concentric circles. A commonly accepted medieval emendation of the text produces the form withintersecting circles. A related text of Pliny, dealing with the paths of the inner planets but not presented by the medieval illustrator of Capella's text, produces the form with truncated paths that do not cross beyond the path of the Sun. On a long curvilinear line, often a regular circular arc, appear three diagrams, each a different version of the Venus - Mercury - Sun circumsolar pattern. Normally the only labels with these diagrams are the planetary names, but a few examples give the names of Pliny, Martianus, and Bede for the three, from left to right along the connecting line. From left to right the three versions have the general appearance, respectively, of truncated paths, intersecting circles, and concentric circles. Each of these three versions appears at times as a separate diagram in the margin of the text of Capella's astronomy. (i) The version on the left side has two lines pendant to the solar, connecting line. The pendant for Venus is a semi-circle or almost a semi-circle. The other pendant, for Mercury, hangs lower in a teardrop shape and intersects the path of Venus. This second pendant has its upper tip cut off by the solar line. The Mercury pendant begins within the semi-circle for Venus and then expands as it drops down, cutting the path of Venus and spreading below it to form a pendant about the same width as the semi-circle of Venus. On each planetary line appears a small labeled circle for each of the bodies of the Sun, Venus, and Mercury, arranged vertically with respect to one another. (ii) The version in the middle has two circles of approximately equal size intersecting each other and the path of the Sun. The upper circle has its center on the solar arc; the lower circle has its center well below the solar arc. Arranged vertically are small labeled circles on each arc in the following ascending order: Mercury - Venus - Sun - Mercury - Venus. (iii) The version on the right has two concentric circles with the body of the Sun at their center. In vertical order there appear five small circles, labeled in ascending order as follows: Venus - Mercury - Sun - Mercury - Venus.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-317-1
title: Diagram MAPD0317

description: Three Versions of Circumsolar Planets: The figure combines three diagrams to illustrate not only the text of Capella but also at least one alternative. The modern edition of the text produces the form with concentric circles. A commonly accepted medieval emendation of the text produces the form withintersecting circles. A related text of Pliny, dealing with the paths of the inner planets but not presented by the medieval illustrator of Capella's text, produces the form with truncated paths that do not cross beyond the path of the Sun. On a long curvilinear line, often a regular circular arc, appear three diagrams, each a different version of the Venus - Mercury - Sun circumsolar pattern. Normally the only labels with these diagrams are the planetary names, but a few examples give the names of Pliny, Martianus, and Bede for the three, from left to right along the connecting line. From left to right the three versions have the general appearance, respectively, of truncated paths, intersecting circles, and concentric circles. Each of these three versions appears at times as a separate diagram in the margin of the text of Capella's astronomy. (i) The version on the left side has two lines pendant to the solar, connecting line. The pendant for Venus is a semi-circle or almost a semi-circle. The other pendant, for Mercury, hangs lower in a teardrop shape and intersects the path of Venus. This second pendant has its upper tip cut off by the solar line. The Mercury pendant begins within the semi-circle for Venus and then expands as it drops down, cutting the path of Venus and spreading below it to form a pendant about the same width as the semi-circle of Venus. On each planetary line appears a small labeled circle for each of the bodies of the Sun, Venus, and Mercury, arranged vertically with respect to one another. (ii) The version in the middle has two circles of approximately equal size intersecting each other and the path of the Sun. The upper circle has its center on the solar arc; the lower circle has its center well below the solar arc. Arranged vertically are small labeled circles on each arc in the following ascending order: Mercury - Venus - Sun - Mercury - Venus. (iii) The version on the right has two concentric circles with the body of the Sun at their center. In vertical order there appear five small circles, labeled in ascending order as follows: Venus - Mercury - Sun - Mercury - Venus.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-320-1
title: Diagram MAPD0320

description: Three Versions of Circumsolar Planets: The figure combines three diagrams to illustrate not only the text of Capella but also at least one alternative. The modern edition of the text produces the form with concentric circles. A commonly accepted medieval emendation of the text produces the form withintersecting circles. A related text of Pliny, dealing with the paths of the inner planets but not presented by the medieval illustrator of Capella's text, produces the form with truncated paths that do not cross beyond the path of the Sun. On a long curvilinear line, often a regular circular arc, appear three diagrams, each a different version of the Venus - Mercury - Sun circumsolar pattern. Normally the only labels with these diagrams are the planetary names, but a few examples give the names of Pliny, Martianus, and Bede for the three, from left to right along the connecting line. From left to right the three versions have the general appearance, respectively, of truncated paths, intersecting circles, and concentric circles. Each of these three versions appears at times as a separate diagram in the margin of the text of Capella's astronomy. (i) The version on the left side has two lines pendant to the solar, connecting line. The pendant for Venus is a semi-circle or almost a semi-circle. The other pendant, for Mercury, hangs lower in a teardrop shape and intersects the path of Venus. This second pendant has its upper tip cut off by the solar line. The Mercury pendant begins within the semi-circle for Venus and then expands as it drops down, cutting the path of Venus and spreading below it to form a pendant about the same width as the semi-circle of Venus. On each planetary line appears a small labeled circle for each of the bodies of the Sun, Venus, and Mercury, arranged vertically with respect to one another. (ii) The version in the middle has two circles of approximately equal size intersecting each other and the path of the Sun. The upper circle has its center on the solar arc; the lower circle has its center well below the solar arc. Arranged vertically are small labeled circles on each arc in the following ascending order: Mercury - Venus - Sun - Mercury - Venus. (iii) The version on the right has two concentric circles with the body of the Sun at their center. In vertical order there appear five small circles, labeled in ascending order as follows: Venus - Mercury - Sun - Mercury - Venus.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-321-1
title: Diagram MAPD0321

description: Three Versions of Circumsolar Planets: The figure combines three diagrams to illustrate not only the text of Capella but also at least one alternative. The modern edition of the text produces the form with concentric circles. A commonly accepted medieval emendation of the text produces the form withintersecting circles. A related text of Pliny, dealing with the paths of the inner planets but not presented by the medieval illustrator of Capella's text, produces the form with truncated paths that do not cross beyond the path of the Sun. On a long curvilinear line, often a regular circular arc, appear three diagrams, each a different version of the Venus - Mercury - Sun circumsolar pattern. Normally the only labels with these diagrams are the planetary names, but a few examples give the names of Pliny, Martianus, and Bede for the three, from left to right along the connecting line. From left to right the three versions have the general appearance, respectively, of truncated paths, intersecting circles, and concentric circles. Each of these three versions appears at times as a separate diagram in the margin of the text of Capella's astronomy. (i) The version on the left side has two lines pendant to the solar, connecting line. The pendant for Venus is a semi-circle or almost a semi-circle. The other pendant, for Mercury, hangs lower in a teardrop shape and intersects the path of Venus. This second pendant has its upper tip cut off by the solar line. The Mercury pendant begins within the semi-circle for Venus and then expands as it drops down, cutting the path of Venus and spreading below it to form a pendant about the same width as the semi-circle of Venus. On each planetary line appears a small labeled circle for each of the bodies of the Sun, Venus, and Mercury, arranged vertically with respect to one another. (ii) The version in the middle has two circles of approximately equal size intersecting each other and the path of the Sun. The upper circle has its center on the solar arc; the lower circle has its center well below the solar arc. Arranged vertically are small labeled circles on each arc in the following ascending order: Mercury - Venus - Sun - Mercury - Venus. (iii) The version on the right has two concentric circles with the body of the Sun at their center. In vertical order there appear five small circles, labeled in ascending order as follows: Venus - Mercury - Sun - Mercury - Venus.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-330-1
title: Diagram MAPD0330

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams