cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290591
title: Rawls’s Point of View: A Systematic Reading of Justice as Fairness

description: This paper offers a systematic reading of justice as fairness. By ‘systematic reading’ I mean an interpretation capable of presenting the rawlsian political conception as a coherent theoretical framework with all its stages of justification. I argue that the concept of point of view allows for this kind of interpretation. In the first part of this paper, I briefly discuss the difficulties of obtaining a comprehensive understanding of justice as fairness from some proposals previously set forth in the literature. In the second part, I make a formal definition of the concept of point of view and expound the main points of view in justice as fairness. Finally, I set out in detail what I will call here ‘Rawls’s point of view’, the starting point of justice as fairness.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290588
title: A predictive growth model for Yarrowia lipolytica ATCC 9773 in wastewater

description: Abstract This study focuses on the development of a secondary model for Yarrowia lipolytica in a sewage treatment process. The raw data of Y. lipolytica growth were adjusted to the Buchanan model in order to obtain growth parameters such as initial count cells (Y0), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), latency phase (λ) and maximum cell population (Ymax). The µ values obtained at different pH levels (5.0 to 8.0) were used to build the secondary model based on a linear equation. The results showed a significant effect of pH on µmax values. The validation process of the developed models displays accuracy (Af) and bias factor (Bf) values close to one, while the values of root mean square error (RMSE) were low, confirming that such models can predict the growth of Y. lipolytica in dairy wastewater. This can be interesting to optimize sewage treatments that involve this kind of microorganism. Moreover, the dairy wastewater was a good substrate to support the Yarrowia lipolytica's growth and could be used to produce enzymes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290588.v1
title: A predictive growth model for Yarrowia lipolytica ATCC 9773 in wastewater

description: Abstract This study focuses on the development of a secondary model for Yarrowia lipolytica in a sewage treatment process. The raw data of Y. lipolytica growth were adjusted to the Buchanan model in order to obtain growth parameters such as initial count cells (Y0), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), latency phase (λ) and maximum cell population (Ymax). The µ values obtained at different pH levels (5.0 to 8.0) were used to build the secondary model based on a linear equation. The results showed a significant effect of pH on µmax values. The validation process of the developed models displays accuracy (Af) and bias factor (Bf) values close to one, while the values of root mean square error (RMSE) were low, confirming that such models can predict the growth of Y. lipolytica in dairy wastewater. This can be interesting to optimize sewage treatments that involve this kind of microorganism. Moreover, the dairy wastewater was a good substrate to support the Yarrowia lipolytica's growth and could be used to produce enzymes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510649
title: Water Services in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area: How Does State Regulation Work?

description: This article deals with the State regulation of drinking water and sanitation services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Its main objective is to identify the continuities and ruptures in State regulation during the transition from private management (1993-2006) to renationalisation and State management (2006 onwards). The concept of “State capacities” (both administrative and relational) is used to assess regulatory performance. For the administrative capacities, the correspondence between the design and resources of the agencies, as well as the differences between their formal functions and actual practices, is examined. For the relational capacities, the policies of the National Government and its interaction with both the water and sanitation companies and the regulatory and control agencies are considered. The analysis is based on official documents, legislation and statistics, company balance sheets and reports, newspaper articles and semi-structured interviews.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510649.v1
title: Water Services in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area: How Does State Regulation Work?

description: This article deals with the State regulation of drinking water and sanitation services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Its main objective is to identify the continuities and ruptures in State regulation during the transition from private management (1993-2006) to renationalisation and State management (2006 onwards). The concept of “State capacities” (both administrative and relational) is used to assess regulatory performance. For the administrative capacities, the correspondence between the design and resources of the agencies, as well as the differences between their formal functions and actual practices, is examined. For the relational capacities, the policies of the National Government and its interaction with both the water and sanitation companies and the regulatory and control agencies are considered. The analysis is based on official documents, legislation and statistics, company balance sheets and reports, newspaper articles and semi-structured interviews.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290590
title: Simulation of nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil solution using parametric models and Hydrus-2D

description: Abstract This study estimated the nitrate and potassium concentration in the soil solution of drainage lysimeter using the mathematical models developed by Vogeler et al. (1996) and Muñoz-Carpena et al. (2005) and the computational model Hydrus-2D, while comparing the simulated and observed data using statistical parameters. The cultivar used for the study was ‘Prata Gorutuba’. The experimental plots were six lysimeters of drainage. Fertigation was performed weekly. The mathematical models developed by Vogeler et al. (1996) and Muñoz-Carpena et al. (2005) were used to determine the specific concentration of a given ion (Ci). The Hydrus software was used to simulate the dynamics of nutrients. The concentrations of nitrate and potassium in the soil solution were estimated by the model of Vogeler et al. (1996), adapted to the linear type CEw-Ci ratio and simulated by the Hydrus model, resulting in an acceptable characterization of the distribution of these nutrients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290594
title: Assessing glyphosate concentrations in six reservoirs of Paraíba do Sul and Guandu River Basins in southeast Brazil

description: Abstract Glyphosate is a popular herbicide used worldwide, and several studies consider it to be an environmental hazard affecting human health. The present study aimed to detect glyphosate in six different reservoirs of Paraíba do Sul and Guandu River Basins in Southeast Brazil, used for multiple purposes, including fishery activities and domestic water supply. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the water samples, as it is a fast and environmentally friendly technique to detect glyphosate. Our results revealed that, despite differences related to trophic state, season of the year or distance to urban areas, glyphosate was detected in all reservoirs and in three of them with concentrations above the limit imposed by Brazilian legislation. Among the environmental variables studied, turbidity presented the highest correlation with glyphosate concentrations. The effect of rainfall increasing turbidity in the rivers reinforces the importance of draining waters from surrounding areas that transport glyphosate into the aquatic ecosystems. The detection of the herbicide in the various systems confirms the wide use of this compound in the drainage basins of the studied reservoirs and highlights the importance of water monitoring. Further, the results reveal how urgent and important it is to explore through laboratory experiments the pathways of degradation of this herbicide in tropical and subtropical aquatic environments together with its effects on flora and fauna.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290594.v1
title: Assessing glyphosate concentrations in six reservoirs of Paraíba do Sul and Guandu River Basins in southeast Brazil

description: Abstract Glyphosate is a popular herbicide used worldwide, and several studies consider it to be an environmental hazard affecting human health. The present study aimed to detect glyphosate in six different reservoirs of Paraíba do Sul and Guandu River Basins in Southeast Brazil, used for multiple purposes, including fishery activities and domestic water supply. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the water samples, as it is a fast and environmentally friendly technique to detect glyphosate. Our results revealed that, despite differences related to trophic state, season of the year or distance to urban areas, glyphosate was detected in all reservoirs and in three of them with concentrations above the limit imposed by Brazilian legislation. Among the environmental variables studied, turbidity presented the highest correlation with glyphosate concentrations. The effect of rainfall increasing turbidity in the rivers reinforces the importance of draining waters from surrounding areas that transport glyphosate into the aquatic ecosystems. The detection of the herbicide in the various systems confirms the wide use of this compound in the drainage basins of the studied reservoirs and highlights the importance of water monitoring. Further, the results reveal how urgent and important it is to explore through laboratory experiments the pathways of degradation of this herbicide in tropical and subtropical aquatic environments together with its effects on flora and fauna.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290590.v1
title: Simulation of nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil solution using parametric models and Hydrus-2D

description: Abstract This study estimated the nitrate and potassium concentration in the soil solution of drainage lysimeter using the mathematical models developed by Vogeler et al. (1996) and Muñoz-Carpena et al. (2005) and the computational model Hydrus-2D, while comparing the simulated and observed data using statistical parameters. The cultivar used for the study was ‘Prata Gorutuba’. The experimental plots were six lysimeters of drainage. Fertigation was performed weekly. The mathematical models developed by Vogeler et al. (1996) and Muñoz-Carpena et al. (2005) were used to determine the specific concentration of a given ion (Ci). The Hydrus software was used to simulate the dynamics of nutrients. The concentrations of nitrate and potassium in the soil solution were estimated by the model of Vogeler et al. (1996), adapted to the linear type CEw-Ci ratio and simulated by the Hydrus model, resulting in an acceptable characterization of the distribution of these nutrients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290591.v1
title: Rawls’s Point of View: A Systematic Reading of Justice as Fairness

description: This paper offers a systematic reading of justice as fairness. By ‘systematic reading’ I mean an interpretation capable of presenting the rawlsian political conception as a coherent theoretical framework with all its stages of justification. I argue that the concept of point of view allows for this kind of interpretation. In the first part of this paper, I briefly discuss the difficulties of obtaining a comprehensive understanding of justice as fairness from some proposals previously set forth in the literature. In the second part, I make a formal definition of the concept of point of view and expound the main points of view in justice as fairness. Finally, I set out in detail what I will call here ‘Rawls’s point of view’, the starting point of justice as fairness.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290601
title: News Media and Connectivity in Deliberative Systems: Reflections on the Debate about the Brazilian Age of Criminal Responsibility,

description: This article discusses the role of the media in deliberative systems, focusing on the relationship between the news media and the formal arena that is the Brazilian National Congress. We investigate the different ways in which the news media are appropriated by politicians, experts and ordinary citizens in public hearings. We focus on a case study of public hearings on the reduction of the age of criminal responsibility in Brazil, a controversial issue that has given rise to discussions in different arenas — including such formal ones as the National Congress and such informal ones as social networks and the news media. Our data come from transcripts of public hearings organized by the Brazilian Senate and broadcast on the Senate website and news articles on the issue of criminal responsibility and violence committed by adolescents published during the period of the deliberations. Our findings suggest that people use media materials for different purposes in debates, sometimes to support their own arguments, sometimes to delegitimize alternative opinions. Thus, our results support the idea that the media can function as a connector between different arenas in a deliberative system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290598
title: Is Brazil a Geoeconomic Node? Geography, Public Policy, and the Failure of Economic Integration in South America

description: Brazil has been labeled an anchor country, a leading area, and a regional power. Yet, even before the crisis triggered by Operation ‘Car Wash’ began, several scholars had called into question Brazil’s driving role in regional integration, stressing political challenges and economic weaknesses that hindered closer relationships among the South American countries. More optimistic research tends to concentrate on initiatives and visions of Brazil’s regional leadership, with lesser focus on obstacles and implementation. We develop the concept of ‘geoeconomic nodality’ to assess Brazi’s impact on South America and shed light on the structural sources of economic fragmentation, namely geographical conditions and their interaction with public policies. A geoeconomic node is the core of economic networks in a geographically delimited system. The flows of the system’s units are focused on the node, enabling it to transfer impulses for development – and reflecting what the concepts on anchor countries, leading areas, and regional powers suggest. Our findings show that long distances, physical barriers, the maritime orientation of core zones of population and economic activity, and the poor state of transcontinental infrastructure reduce Brazil’s geoeconomic nodality. Resource nationalism, volatile public policies, and fluctuating exchange rates contribute to this structural mix, so that the prospects to overcome the obstacles imposed by geography appear dim.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290598.v1
title: Is Brazil a Geoeconomic Node? Geography, Public Policy, and the Failure of Economic Integration in South America

description: Brazil has been labeled an anchor country, a leading area, and a regional power. Yet, even before the crisis triggered by Operation ‘Car Wash’ began, several scholars had called into question Brazil’s driving role in regional integration, stressing political challenges and economic weaknesses that hindered closer relationships among the South American countries. More optimistic research tends to concentrate on initiatives and visions of Brazil’s regional leadership, with lesser focus on obstacles and implementation. We develop the concept of ‘geoeconomic nodality’ to assess Brazi’s impact on South America and shed light on the structural sources of economic fragmentation, namely geographical conditions and their interaction with public policies. A geoeconomic node is the core of economic networks in a geographically delimited system. The flows of the system’s units are focused on the node, enabling it to transfer impulses for development – and reflecting what the concepts on anchor countries, leading areas, and regional powers suggest. Our findings show that long distances, physical barriers, the maritime orientation of core zones of population and economic activity, and the poor state of transcontinental infrastructure reduce Brazil’s geoeconomic nodality. Resource nationalism, volatile public policies, and fluctuating exchange rates contribute to this structural mix, so that the prospects to overcome the obstacles imposed by geography appear dim.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290601.v1
title: News Media and Connectivity in Deliberative Systems: Reflections on the Debate about the Brazilian Age of Criminal Responsibility,

description: This article discusses the role of the media in deliberative systems, focusing on the relationship between the news media and the formal arena that is the Brazilian National Congress. We investigate the different ways in which the news media are appropriated by politicians, experts and ordinary citizens in public hearings. We focus on a case study of public hearings on the reduction of the age of criminal responsibility in Brazil, a controversial issue that has given rise to discussions in different arenas — including such formal ones as the National Congress and such informal ones as social networks and the news media. Our data come from transcripts of public hearings organized by the Brazilian Senate and broadcast on the Senate website and news articles on the issue of criminal responsibility and violence committed by adolescents published during the period of the deliberations. Our findings suggest that people use media materials for different purposes in debates, sometimes to support their own arguments, sometimes to delegitimize alternative opinions. Thus, our results support the idea that the media can function as a connector between different arenas in a deliberative system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290597
title: The Political Economy of Innovation Why is Brazil Stuck in the Technology Ladder? ,

description: The essay considers the role of big private businesses (BBs) within the Brazilian national system of innovation (NSI). Our question is as follows: How do the innovation practices and political behavior adopted by BBs shape the Brazilian NSI? It is our claim that although BBs play a prominent role in leading innovation nationally, they are not supportive of institution-intensive solutions for strengthening the NSI, and thereby contribute to the creation of a dynamic that we call the ‘low-innovation trap’. The obstacles to escaping this trap are manifold, but here we shall focus on 01. the lack of coordination between actors and instruments within government, 02. the high level of instability in the Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) budget, 03. the increasing obstacles faced by BBs wishing to innovate and 04. the lack of correspondence between government proposals and societal demands. Without a strong coalition pushing for it to be upgraded, it is likely that the NSI will remain unfit for purpose.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290597.v1
title: The Political Economy of Innovation Why is Brazil Stuck in the Technology Ladder? ,

description: The essay considers the role of big private businesses (BBs) within the Brazilian national system of innovation (NSI). Our question is as follows: How do the innovation practices and political behavior adopted by BBs shape the Brazilian NSI? It is our claim that although BBs play a prominent role in leading innovation nationally, they are not supportive of institution-intensive solutions for strengthening the NSI, and thereby contribute to the creation of a dynamic that we call the ‘low-innovation trap’. The obstacles to escaping this trap are manifold, but here we shall focus on 01. the lack of coordination between actors and instruments within government, 02. the high level of instability in the Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) budget, 03. the increasing obstacles faced by BBs wishing to innovate and 04. the lack of correspondence between government proposals and societal demands. Without a strong coalition pushing for it to be upgraded, it is likely that the NSI will remain unfit for purpose.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290603.v1
title: Ministerial Typology and Political Appointments: Where and How Do Presidents Politicize the Bureaucracy?

description: Does ministry type influence profiles in upper-level bureaucracy? To govern, presidents need to 01. maintain control over the content of public policies, 02. make political concessions that earn them enough parliamentary support to see those policies approved, and 03. build or keep in place the bureaucratic competencies necessary to implement them. We argue that the president makes key appointments according to the nature of the policies of each ministry and their centrality in the executive branch’s decision-making process. Employing cluster analysis, we propose an objective classification of ministries into four types: ‘coordination’, ‘redistribution’ (social policy and income), ‘regulation’, and ‘distribution’. We also identify their relationship with the profiles of those who have occupied positions in the middle and upper echelons of Brazil’s federal bureaucracy – what are referred to in Brazilian nomenclature as ‘DAS roles’ (in which ‘DAS’ stands for Direção e Assessoramento Superior) – in the period from 1999 to 2016. Our findings indicate that presidents choose to professionalize the bureaucracy of the ‘coordination’ and ‘redistribution’ ministries, to appoint partisans to the bureaucracy of the ‘distribution’ and ‘regulation’ ministries, and to allocate partisans of the coalition partners to the ministries controlled by those parties.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290606
title: Individual Conditioning Factors of Political Protest in Latin America: Effects of Values, Grievance and Resources

description: Theories about political protest point to three sets of variables responsible for promoting engagement in such actions: resources, grievance and values. There is consensus on the importance of resources, but the influence of grievance and values remain inconclusive. Discontent alone is not enough to motivate protest, but in societies at intermediate levels of development, grievance could be an explanatory variable. By contrast, values would have a limited effect, given that value change in developing countries could only be incipient. In view of the new cycle of protest in the region and wishing to contribute to the debate on the subject, we aim to discover what the relationship is between these three sets of variables as regards Latin Americans’ predisposition to protest. Given that these countries find themselves at an intermediate level of economic and social development, it would seem that the primary motivation for protest is discontent, as under such circumstances the relative scarcity of resources presents little obstacle to mobilization. On the other hand, as the societies in question are not advanced industrial societies, the associated low dispersion of emancipatory values would exercise limited effect. To test these hypotheses, we looked at data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey with reference to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. The results suggested that grievance was irrelevant as an explanatory factor. Participation in protests in the region is determined by the mobilization of resources and values.