DOI: 10.4231/4dg2-e733
title: Foucault: Lecture 12, 28 January 1986

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Deleuze Seminars&lt;/em&gt; is a collection of audio recordings, transcriptions, and English translations of, and supplemental materials from, the lectures French philosopher Gilles Deleuze gave during his career at the University of Paris 8.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Foucault&quot; was a 26-lecture seminar given from October 1985 to June 1986.  In these lectures, Deleuze offers his interpretation and analysis of French philosopher Michel Foucault&#39;s work. Examining the theoretical foundations and major themes of Foucault&#39;s philosophy, Deleuze dedicates several lectures to each of what he calls the &quot;three axes&quot; of Foucault&#39;s thought. This seminar coincides with the publication of Deleuze&#39;s book &lt;em&gt;Foucault&lt;/em&gt; (1986).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the 28 January 1986 lecture, over three hours in length, this session begins with a discussion response to a student&#39;s question on the topic of subjectivities, and to situate Foucault&rsquo;s thought, Deleuze provides a broad, European context of Leftist practices in relation to the events that become known as &ldquo;1968&rdquo;, particularly the constitution of new forms of struggle -- transversal and no longer centralized -- and production of a new subjectivity. Deleuze then returns to the topic of power, social forms or institutions, and power&rsquo;s actualization or integration. With reference distinctions that Foucault creates about power-knowledge, Deleuze indicates that in two specific texts, Foucault develops five aspects of the actualization of relations of forces. He then distinguishes how the concept of dualism works in this context, force as inseparable from a double power: power to affect, power to be affected, every force affecting and being affected by another, a dualism, completely subordinated to the multiplicity of forces. To address a final problem of the dual poles -- hard segmentarity versus the power diagram&rsquo;s supple segmentarity --, Deleuze illustrates this with examples from cinema (cf. Rossellini&rsquo;s &ldquo;Europe &lsquo;51&rdquo;), to show Foucault&rsquo;s method for exploring the social field, determining a concrete apparatus&rsquo;s degree of affinity with the general diagram, the state of forces in the social field. Looking at the disciplinary diagram (&lt;i&gt;Discipline and Punish&lt;/i&gt;), Deleuze concludes that stratified formations and diagrams are like two poles, and ultimately the concrete forms never cease to climb toward one, to descend toward the other, concluding the session with a series of examples of material techniques and social technologies as points of collective apparatuses.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This dataset for the new version includes four files, the translation and transcription of the session in Open Data Text (odt) format, an aggregate version of the audio recordings in a single mp3, and the original Paris-8 French transcription of the recorded lecture. The aggregate audio file has been downsampled.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Les S&eacute;minaires de Deleuze&lt;/em&gt; sont une collection d&#39;enregistrements audio, de transcriptions et de traductions en anglais et de documents compl&eacute;mentaires des conf&eacute;rences que le philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Gilles Deleuze a donn&eacute; lors de sa carri&egrave;re &agrave; l&#39;Universit&eacute; de Paris 8.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&laquo;Foucault&raquo; &eacute;tait un s&eacute;minaire de 26 conf&eacute;rences donn&eacute; d&#39;octobre 1985 &agrave; juin 1986. Dans ces conf&eacute;rences, Deleuze offre son interpr&eacute;tation et son analyse de l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre du philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Michel Foucault. En examinant les fondements th&eacute;oriques et les th&egrave;mes majeurs de la philosophie de Foucault, Deleuze consacre plusieurs conf&eacute;rences &agrave; chacun de ce qu&#39;il appelle les &laquo;trois axes&raquo; de la pens&eacute;e de Foucault. Ce s&eacute;minaire co&iuml;ncide avec la publication du livre de Deleuze &lt;em&gt;Foucault&lt;/em&gt; (1986).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dans la conf&eacute;rence du 28 janvier 1986, les sujets de discussion comprennent: Foucault et les nouvelles subjectivit&eacute;s, avant et apr&egrave;s les &eacute;v&eacute;nements de 1968; Mai 1968 et la question du centralisme; l&#39;exp&eacute;rience yougoslave; le sociologue, journaliste et militant politique fran&ccedil;ais Serge Mallet; Sartre; le philosophe et journaliste social autrichien Andr&eacute; Gorz et l&#39;id&eacute;e d&#39;une nouvelle classe ouvri&egrave;re; le philosophe hongrois Gy&ouml;rgy Luk&aacute;cs et son livre &lt;em&gt;Histoire et conscience de classe&lt;/em&gt;; la production d&#39;un nouveau type de sujet d&#39;histoire; l&#39;&eacute;cole de Francfort; le marxisme italien; l&rsquo;autonomie; le sociologue, th&eacute;oricien politique et activiste italien Romano Alquati; le philosophe et politicien italien Mario Tronti et son livre &lt;em&gt;Ouvrier et capital&lt;/em&gt;; la revendication qualitative; l&#39;&eacute;mergence de nouvelles formes des luttes, pratiques et r&eacute;seaux, &agrave; la fois transversales et non plus centralis&eacute;es; le psychoth&eacute;rapeute et philosophe fran&ccedil;ais F&eacute;lix Guattari; la r&eacute;&eacute;valuation du marxisme; le livre de Foucault &lt;em&gt;Surveiller et punir&lt;/em&gt;; la microphysique du pouvoir; politique; formes sociales ou institutions, et int&eacute;grations de pouvoir ou d&#39;actualisations; Proust et la sexualit&eacute;; les formes sociales ou de savoir comme int&eacute;grant des rapports du pouvoir ou des forces; volont&eacute; et savoir; actualisation, diff&eacute;renciation et division; Bergson; formes animales et formes v&eacute;g&eacute;tales; &eacute;nergie et mouvement; affects et forces; le pouvoir d&#39;affecter et le pouvoir d&#39;&ecirc;tre affect&eacute;; les deux conceptions du dualisme comme &eacute;tant soit le produit d&#39;une division de l&#39;Un ou bien un stade provisoire du multiple; sociologie, formations stratifi&eacute;es, diagrammes et &lt;em&gt;Surveiller et punir&lt;/em&gt;; et les techniques mat&eacute;rielles, les technologies sociales et l&#39;exemple de l&#39;&eacute;trier.&lt;/p&gt;
description: Lecture given by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze at the University of Paris 8, 28 January 1986. This is lecture 12 of a 26-lecture seminar Deleuze taught between October 1985 and June 1986.