cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6345004
title: Species Portfolio Effects Dominate Seasonal Zooplankton Stabilization Within a Large Temperate Lake

description: The raw data file is available online for public access (https://data.ontario.ca/dataset/lake-simcoe-monitoring). Download the 1980-2019 csv files and open up the file named "Simcoe_Zooplankton&Bythotrephes.csv". Copy and paste the zooplankton sheet into a new excel file called "Simcoe_Zooplankton.csv". The column ZDATE in the excel file needs to be switched from GENERAL to SHORT DATE so that the dates in the ZDATE column read "YYYY/MM/DD". Save as .csv in appropriate R folder. The data file "simcoe_manual_subset_weeks_5" is the raw data that has been subset for the main analysis of the article using the .R file "Simcoe MS - 5 Station Subset Data". The .csv file produced from this must then be manually edited to remove data points that do not have 5 stations per sampling period as well as by combining data points that should fall into a single week. The "simcoe_manual_subset_weeks_5.csv" is then used for the calculation of variability, stabilization, asynchrony, and Shannon Diversity for each year in the .R file "Simcoe MS - 5 Station Calculations". The final .R file "Simcoe MS - 5 Station Analysis contains the final statistical analyses as well as code to reproduce the original figures. Data and code for main and supplementary analyses are also available on GitHub (https://github.com/reillyoc/ZPseasonalPEs).
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc26stvp
title: CCDC 2049653: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Xinxin Zhang|2021|CSD Communication|||
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc284wp0
title: CCDC 2090072: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Brian W. Skelton, Effendy, Allan H. White|2021|CSD Communication|||
description: Related Article: Effendy, Corrado Di Nicola, Peter C. Healy, Fabio Marchetti, Claudio Pettinari, Brian W. Skelton, Alessia Tombesi, Allan H. White|2022|Inorg.Chim.Acta|536|120895|doi:10.1016/j.ica.2022.120895
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc285wy9
title: CCDC 2091041: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Brian W. Skelton, Effendy, Allan H. White|2021|CSD Communication|||
description: Related Article: Effendy, Corrado Di Nicola, Peter C. Healy, Fabio Marchetti, Claudio Pettinari, Brian W. Skelton, Alessia Tombesi, Allan H. White|2022|Inorg.Chim.Acta|536|120895|doi:10.1016/j.ica.2022.120895
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22610671.v1
title: Additional file 8 of Expanded catalogue of metagenome-assembled genomes reveals resistome characteristics and athletic performance-associated microbes in horse

description: Additional file 8: Table S6. Check the uniqueness of the MAG in this study by deduplicating the MAG reported in previous studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20961091
title: Source data.xlsx

description: Source data for Unveiling Weyl-related optical responses in semiconducting tellurium by mid-infrared circular photogalvanic effect
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485355
title: Additional file 2 of Extracellular vesicles isolated from hyperuricemia patients might aggravate airway inflammation of COPD via senescence-associated pathway

description: Additional file 2.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485355.v1
title: Additional file 2 of Extracellular vesicles isolated from hyperuricemia patients might aggravate airway inflammation of COPD via senescence-associated pathway

description: Additional file 2.
DOI: 10.48597/jdjp-fek7
title: Measurement of Particle_number_concentration at Steamboat Springs, Colorado (Storm Peak Laboratory)

description: Measurement of Particle_number_concentration at Steamboat Springs, Colorado (Storm Peak Laboratory)
DOI: 10.48597/jxh5-hp4h
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/kadp-6cqe
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13
DOI: 10.48597/kecu-ys3p
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/kg3j-ejjy
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/ksfr-2krq
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Monte Velho

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Monte Velho
DOI: 10.48597/m25s-2kj4
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/mcjs-7caq
title: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head

description: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head
DOI: 10.48597/msxv-ua5x
title: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/mz5b-q6q8
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill
DOI: 10.48597/n8uf-k6ag
title: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head

description: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head
DOI: 10.48597/namd-uunw
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/npdg-ysva
title: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill

description: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill
DOI: 10.48597/nwqt-245j
title: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head

description: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head
DOI: 10.48597/p4de-yxkk
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill
DOI: 10.48597/p4ku-3a8u
title: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head

description: Measurement of Aerosol light scattering at Trinidad Head
DOI: 10.48597/pajn-cwwm
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/pgzx-fft6
title: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16) at Diabla Gora

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16) at Diabla Gora
DOI: 10.48597/qbc4-xv4k
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13
DOI: 10.48597/qtev-crbp
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485381
title: Additional file 1 of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) as a novel target to suppress β-catenin and RAS signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer

description: Additional file 1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485381.v1
title: Additional file 1 of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) as a novel target to suppress β-catenin and RAS signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer

description: Additional file 1.
DOI: 10.48597/qz4d-hbce
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13
DOI: 10.48597/r3ew-6km7
title: Measurement of Particle_number_concentration at Southern Great Plains E13

description: Measurement of Particle_number_concentration at Southern Great Plains E13
DOI: 10.48597/rm28-qqpe
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/rnu6-a6hw
title: Measurement of Heavy metals at Alfragide

description: Measurement of Heavy metals at Alfragide
DOI: 10.48597/s67b-ctqh
title: Measurement of VOC (hydrocarbons) at Jungfraujoch

description: Measurement of VOC (hydrocarbons) at Jungfraujoch
DOI: 10.48597/t3ee-ecmd
title: Measurement of VOC (hydrocarbons) at Jungfraujoch

description: Measurement of VOC (hydrocarbons) at Jungfraujoch
DOI: 10.48597/t6a9-xx2r
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill
DOI: 10.48597/tnv2-x2p2
title: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/txn9-mcw8
title: Measurement of Sulphate_total at De Zilk

description: Measurement of Sulphate_total at De Zilk
DOI: 10.48597/uvh8-kp84
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/vc2z-rtja
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/w9kf-h8r6
title: Measurement of Relative_humidity at Trinidad Head

description: Measurement of Relative_humidity at Trinidad Head
DOI: 10.48597/wquq-9d9a
title: Measurement of OC/EC at Alfragide

description: Measurement of OC/EC at Alfragide
DOI: 10.48597/x44f-jsty
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/xgfx-6vpq
title: Measurement of Heavy metals at Alfragide

description: Measurement of Heavy metals at Alfragide
DOI: 10.48597/xpxj-7t5w
title: Measurement of Inorganics in precipitation at De Zilk

description: Measurement of Inorganics in precipitation at De Zilk
DOI: 10.48597/xxdu-zz3b
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill
DOI: 10.48597/ymra-6a57
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/yq3w-z9bk
title: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16) at Diabla Gora

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16) at Diabla Gora
DOI: 10.48597/ys72-yc4b
title: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill

description: Measurement of Greenhouse gases at Ridge Hill
DOI: 10.48597/z9dv-z4vj
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Barrow
DOI: 10.48597/zm4q-9gv9
title: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston

description: Measurement of Main greenhouse gases at Tacolneston
DOI: 10.48597/zwsp-q6t5
title: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13

description: Measurement of Aerosol_absorption_coefficient at Southern Great Plains E13
DOI: 10.48597/3acm-7dhm
title: Nitrogen_monoxide at Kollumerwaard

description: Measurement of Nitrogen_monoxide at Kollumerwaard
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485364
title: Additional file 1 of Frequency of occurrence and habitat selection shape the spatial variation in the antibiotic resistome in riverine ecosystems in eastern China

description: Additional file 1: TableS1. The detailed information ofsampling sites. Table S2. The alpha diversity of ARGs in this study. TableS3. The Mantel test between ARGs and bacteria (species) in each habitats. TableS4. The feactures of the network diagram of ARGs and bacterial communitiesin different habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEsin each habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEs in eachhabitats. Table S6. Co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs on specific contigs. TableS7. Grouping nesting approach to find the drivers that lead to differencesin ARGs in different habitats
DOI: 10.48597/3f2h-uhee
title: Inorganics in air and particle phase at Víznar

description: Measurement of Inorganics in air and particle phase at Víznar
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485364.v1
title: Additional file 1 of Frequency of occurrence and habitat selection shape the spatial variation in the antibiotic resistome in riverine ecosystems in eastern China

description: Additional file 1: TableS1. The detailed information ofsampling sites. Table S2. The alpha diversity of ARGs in this study. TableS3. The Mantel test between ARGs and bacteria (species) in each habitats. TableS4. The feactures of the network diagram of ARGs and bacterial communitiesin different habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEsin each habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEs in eachhabitats. Table S6. Co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs on specific contigs. TableS7. Grouping nesting approach to find the drivers that lead to differencesin ARGs in different habitats
DOI: 10.48597/7qjf-yb2t
title: PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16) at Kosetice (NAOK)

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16) at Kosetice (NAOK)
DOI: 10.48597/8v4z-tdj3
title: Nitrogen_dioxide at Kollumerwaard

description: Measurement of Nitrogen_dioxide at Kollumerwaard
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485403
title: Additional file 1 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The ASMR and ASDR of disease attributable to asbestos in Kazakhstan.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485403.v1
title: Additional file 1 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The ASMR and ASDR of disease attributable to asbestos in Kazakhstan.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485406
title: Additional file 2 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. The ASMR and ASDR of disease attributable to asbestos in Russia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485406.v1
title: Additional file 2 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. The ASMR and ASDR of disease attributable to asbestos in Russia.
DOI: 10.48597/bdg3-6wse
title: Ammonia at Barcelona (Universidad)

description: Measurement of Ammonia at Barcelona (Universidad)
DOI: 10.48597/bs9j-5kxy
title: Nitrogen oxides at Campisabalos

description: Measurement of Nitrogen oxides at Campisabalos
DOI: 10.48597/cbg4-xtsu
title: Ammonia at Strasbourg

description: Measurement of Ammonia at Strasbourg
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485409
title: Additional file 3 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Age-specific counts of deaths of all causes exposure to asbestos in 2019 for Global.
DOI: 10.48597/cwh9-n7dk
title: Inorganics in precipitation at Donon

description: Measurement of Inorganics in precipitation at Donon
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485409.v1
title: Additional file 3 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Age-specific counts of deaths of all causes exposure to asbestos in 2019 for Global.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485412
title: Additional file 4 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Age-specific counts of DALYs of all causes exposure to asbestos in 2019 for Global.
DOI: 10.48597/dbum-km57
title: Nitrogen oxides at Kollumerwaard

description: Measurement of Nitrogen oxides at Kollumerwaard
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485412.v1
title: Additional file 4 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Age-specific counts of DALYs of all causes exposure to asbestos in 2019 for Global.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485415
title: Additional file 5 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. The ASMR of causes exposure to asbestos in Global, Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
DOI: 10.48597/f3ua-uaxm
title: Ammonia at Puertollano

description: Measurement of Ammonia at Puertollano
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485415.v1
title: Additional file 5 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. The ASMR of causes exposure to asbestos in Global, Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
DOI: 10.48597/gtur-r43p
title: Inorganics in air and particle phase at Zeppelin mountain (Ny-Ålesund)

description: Measurement of Inorganics in air and particle phase at Zeppelin mountain (Ny-Ålesund)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485421
title: Additional file 6 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 6: Table S6. The ASDR of causes exposure to asbestos in Global, Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21485421.v1
title: Additional file 6 of A comparative study of the disease burden attributable to asbestos in Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia between 1990 and 2019

description: Additional file 6: Table S6. The ASDR of causes exposure to asbestos in Global, Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19388271
title: Institutional trust and prosocial behavior in China: an experimental approach

description: We present three studies to demonstrate the important role of institutional trust in promoting prosocial behavior in China. In study 1, we used a Chinese national survey and found that institutional trust significantly predicted people’s donation and volunteer activities. In study 2, we experimentally examined the effects of institutional trust in public goods games. Participants allocated more money to public accounts when a positive impression of institutions was implicitly activated than when a negative impression or no concepts were activated. In study 3, we tested the effects of institutional trust in a field experiment with a “pay what you want” strategy. In a charity bazaar, participants who received leaflets that implicitly activated institutional concepts paid more money.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19388271.v1
title: Institutional trust and prosocial behavior in China: an experimental approach

description: We present three studies to demonstrate the important role of institutional trust in promoting prosocial behavior in China. In study 1, we used a Chinese national survey and found that institutional trust significantly predicted people’s donation and volunteer activities. In study 2, we experimentally examined the effects of institutional trust in public goods games. Participants allocated more money to public accounts when a positive impression of institutions was implicitly activated than when a negative impression or no concepts were activated. In study 3, we tested the effects of institutional trust in a field experiment with a “pay what you want” strategy. In a charity bazaar, participants who received leaflets that implicitly activated institutional concepts paid more money.
DOI: 10.25446/oxford.24631305
title: Summary statistics for kidney stone GWAS in UK Biobank

description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed in the UK Biobank, excluding participants with conditions predisposing to kidney stone disease (Supplementary Table 3). Genotyping was undertaken using UK-BiLEVE and UK-Biobank Axiom Arrays and called using array intensity data and a custom genotype-calling pipeline. PLINKv1.9 and Rv3.6.1 were used for quality control (QC). Sample-, individual-, and SNP-level QC exclusions are shown in Supplementary Methods.UK Biobank phasing on autosomes was performed with SHAPEIT3 using the 1000 Genomes phase 3 dataset as a reference panel. The Haplotype Reference Consortium reference panel and a merged UK10K/1000 Genomes Phase 3 panel were used in imputation. The resultant dataset comprised 92,693,895 autosomal SNPs, short indels, and large structural variants.A total of 547,011 genotyped and 8,397,548 imputed autosomal SNPs and 733,758 genotyped and 2,635,881 X-chromosome SNPs with MAF ≥0.01 and Info Score ≥0.9 were used at GWAS, using a linear mixed noninfinitesimal model implemented in BOLT-LMMv2.3
DOI: 10.25446/oxford.24631305.v1
title: Summary statistics for kidney stone GWAS in UK Biobank

description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed in the UK Biobank, excluding participants with conditions predisposing to kidney stone disease (Supplementary Table 3). Genotyping was undertaken using UK-BiLEVE and UK-Biobank Axiom Arrays and called using array intensity data and a custom genotype-calling pipeline. PLINKv1.9 and Rv3.6.1 were used for quality control (QC). Sample-, individual-, and SNP-level QC exclusions are shown in Supplementary Methods.UK Biobank phasing on autosomes was performed with SHAPEIT3 using the 1000 Genomes phase 3 dataset as a reference panel. The Haplotype Reference Consortium reference panel and a merged UK10K/1000 Genomes Phase 3 panel were used in imputation. The resultant dataset comprised 92,693,895 autosomal SNPs, short indels, and large structural variants.A total of 547,011 genotyped and 8,397,548 imputed autosomal SNPs and 733,758 genotyped and 2,635,881 X-chromosome SNPs with MAF ≥0.01 and Info Score ≥0.9 were used at GWAS, using a linear mixed noninfinitesimal model implemented in BOLT-LMMv2.3
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19388465
title: <i>KRT6A</i> expedites bladder cancer progression, regulated by miR-31-5p

description: Bladder cancer is one of the most severe life-threatening illnesses worldwide. To contribute to a solution to this public health issue, here, we sought to identify a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of bladder tumors. We conducted RNA sequence analysis utilizing samples from tumorous tissue and adjacent healthy tissue in bladder cancer patients and found that <i>KRT6A</i> was upregulated in bladder tumor tissues, suggesting that it might be a candidate for involvement in bladder tumorigenesis. Accordingly, we performed a series of experiments to further verify the role of <i>KRT6A</i> in bladder tumor progression. Our results revealed that <i>KRT6A</i> promoted bladder tumor cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion, while diminishing bladder tumor cell apoptosis. We also focused on the role of epigenetics in bladder tumors and verified that <i>KRT6A</i> was a miR-31-5p target gene, and its positive effect on bladder tumor progression was relieved by miR-31-5p. Overall, this study sheds new light regarding a novel oncogenic regulatory axis, <i>KRT6A</i>/miR-31-5p, which is related to bladder tumor growth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19388465.v1
title: <i>KRT6A</i> expedites bladder cancer progression, regulated by miR-31-5p

description: Bladder cancer is one of the most severe life-threatening illnesses worldwide. To contribute to a solution to this public health issue, here, we sought to identify a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of bladder tumors. We conducted RNA sequence analysis utilizing samples from tumorous tissue and adjacent healthy tissue in bladder cancer patients and found that <i>KRT6A</i> was upregulated in bladder tumor tissues, suggesting that it might be a candidate for involvement in bladder tumorigenesis. Accordingly, we performed a series of experiments to further verify the role of <i>KRT6A</i> in bladder tumor progression. Our results revealed that <i>KRT6A</i> promoted bladder tumor cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion, while diminishing bladder tumor cell apoptosis. We also focused on the role of epigenetics in bladder tumors and verified that <i>KRT6A</i> was a miR-31-5p target gene, and its positive effect on bladder tumor progression was relieved by miR-31-5p. Overall, this study sheds new light regarding a novel oncogenic regulatory axis, <i>KRT6A</i>/miR-31-5p, which is related to bladder tumor growth.