cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/82233733-237a-4fea-a5c1-88c734752279
title: Data on flight-induced maternal effects and offspring performance on drought stressed plants in the Speckled Wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria

description: This dataset contains maternal reproductive output data, embryonic development data and offspring performance data for the Speckled Wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria. The data were collected from a laboratory experiment testing the hypothesis that repeat periods of intensive flight during female oviposition affects egg provisioning and reduces offspring performance when larval development occurs on drought stressed host plants. The experiment involved stimulating female butterflies to fly for 5 minutes for 3 periods during oviposition; removing eggs from 5 different days during oviposition to be monitored for hatching; and removing a larva on day of hatching to be reared on a drought stressed host plant. For each larva, development time from hatching to pupation, pupal mass and survival to eclose as an adult was recorded. On eclosion, each offspring adult was sexed and the thorax weighed. The overall aim of this experimental work was to explore one of the potential mechanisms for the impact of drought and habitat fragmentation on biodiversity.
description: All data were collected under standardised laboratory conditions, using standard, published methods. Data were entered manually using quality assurance tools implemented in database software (input masks, input conditions) to assure coherence of data.
DOI: 10.5285/83f83414-f644-4684-ad5b-e1237fb12fc5
title: Carbon and nitrogen cycling in chalk, greensand and clay soils over a seasonal cycle in the Hampshire Avon catchment

description: Data on the carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils from different geologies within the Hampshire Avon catchment, UK. The dataset also includes functional gene data, anion and cation concentrations, methane production and oxidation potential, and nitrification, denitrification and mineralization rates. Data were collected between February 2013 and November 2014. Data were collected to address the hypotheses of how the functional microbial community involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling changed seasonally and with geology. Data were collected as part of the project "The role of lateral exchange in modulating the seaward flux of C, N, P", funded under NERC's Macronutrients Cycles research programme. 
description: At each site, 9 soil samples were taken within a 40 x 40 m transect at 20 m intervals. From these samples, sub-samples were taken and stored differently depending on what analysis was done. All data were collected using standard methodologies as detailed in the supporting information.
DOI: 10.5285/49792936-9f11-4df6-98b3-9a9de595ee69
title:  Riparian vegetation structure data for 15 Wessex chalkstream sites, England, UK

description: A measure of the extent and complexity of riprian vegetation upstream of chalkstream sites derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data for 15 discrete chalkstreams distributed along a white chalk geology extending from Dorset in the south west, through Wiltshire, to Hampshire in the north east. For each site there is an estimate of the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation height of vegetation along the banks for a range of distances upstream from the sampling location. Information on the extent and complexity of riparian vegetation upstream of chalkstream sites were used to better understand the relationships between in-stream biological communities and catchment and riparian land use. Stream sites surveyed represented a sample of chalkstreams across a gradient of catchment land cover intensification from catchments dominated by extensive calcareous grassland and woodland to those dominated by arable and improved grasslands. LiDAR data were obtained from the Environment Agency in April 2014. This dataset was created as part of work package 3.1 of the Wessex Biodiversity & Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) project.
description: LiDAR data were split between trees (vegetation >2m from the ground) and low (<2m) vegetation (with buildings masked out).  Three areas relative to each stream sampling point were defined; a 10m-wide riparian zone buffer strip on each bank either 100m, 200m or 1km upstream. For each defined area the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of vegetation heights were calculated from the LiDAR data, in addition to the total vegetation area and volume.  These statistics were calculated for all vegetation, and separately for trees (>2m) and low vegetation (<2m). LiDAR metadata is available from https://data.gov.uk/dataset/lidar-composite-dsm-1m1. Visual checks were made within ArcGIS to confirm the validity of the buffer strips created upstream of each site, prior to applying them to the LiDAR data.  Derived statistics were checked to confirm that the sum of 'Tree' and 'Low' values equalled the relevant 'All' value.

LiDAR data were acquired for 15 of the 20 stream sites sampled in July 2012 as part of WessexBESS work package 3.1.  Data were not available for the remaining 5 sites.
DOI: 10.5285/75fc1418-b0ff-4dca-9b78-70c3c82d94b7
title: Baseline soil carbon and nitrogen content in a woodland creation experiment, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, 2022

description: This dataset contains baseline soil carbon and nitrogen content within a native forest creation site on the Beldorney Estate, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. 17 samples were collected on a 100 m grid at the site prior to planting. The 100 m grid was extended into adjacent grassland that won’t be planted and 8 additional samples were collected. The 100 m grid samples were all collected in September 2022. Within the planting area 17 plots were left unplanted, these will be used to track natural tree regeneration, and additional soil samples were collected here in November 2022. Soil carbon and nitrogen content will be tracked at the site as the planted and naturally regenerating trees establish.

The work was supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NE/W004976/1) as part of the Agile Initiative at the Oxford Martin School and Leverhulme Trust as part of the Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery at the University of Oxford. 
description: Soil samples were collected using an auger in September and November 2022. Samples were dried, sieved, and weighed in the lab. Subsamples of the sieved soil were ground and analysed for soil carbon and nitrogen content using an elemental analyser.
DOI: 10.5285/bc82f15b-8db6-4398-bfec-655a1eecf2d7
title: Fluorimeter response of ruthenium based sensor to mercury ions in water and acetonitrile

description: These dataset files show the calibration of a sensor for mercury (II) ions using a Fluorimeter and either HgCl2 or HgNO3.

 A range of different sample conditions are tested, including sensor concentrations and relative proportions of water and a methanol co-solvent (required for solubility of the probe). Also tested was the ability of acid to affect the probes sensitivity to mercury as nitric acid is needed for the stability of HgNO3 as an analyte. File names listed show the concentration of sensor and the ratio of water to methanol tested. 

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) data are also given these are used to validate the sensors calibration and also to monitor the levels of soluble mercury content of dental amalgam samples held at either (11⁰C or 37⁰C) in water and saliva. The supernatant of these suspensions is filtered and measured using ICP-MS to give the data as reported.
description: Calibration is done by measuring the luminescent response of the sensor (exciting at 500nm) to various concentrations of Hg(II). A linear relation to increasing mercury concentration can be applied to measure unknown sample concentrations. The calibration graphs from each of the raw fluorimeter data are given in the PowerPoint file. The file showing the dental clinical and amalgam samples are tested using a 1µM sensor to see whether a measurable response is seen to real mercury samples in different media (saliva, distilled water or amalgam separator supernatant).
DOI: 10.5285/95259623-f0b6-4328-a0e3-4aec09ede5b5
title: Biodiversity and structural data from hedgerow management and rejuvenation experiments in England, 2005-2016

description: The dataset includes data on vegetation composition, flower counts, berry availability over winter, pollinator visitation rates, invertebrate, hedge structure and hedgerow regrowth from a set of long running hedgerow experiments. There were three experiments in total. Experiment 1 was based in Monks Wood, Cambridgeshire, and was used to investigate the long-term effects of timing and frequency of cutting on resource provision for wildlife. Experiment 2 was based at 5 sites across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Devon and was used to investigate the effect of timing, intensity and frequency of hedgerow cutting. Experiment 3 was based at 5 sites across Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire and was used to investigate the effects of different rejuvenation techniques on hedgerows. All three experiments were randomised plot experiments (full details of plots and their treatments can be found in the supporting documentation. The majority of the data was collected between 2010 and 2016 but for one experiment there is data from 2005.

The long running hedgerow experiments had two linked aims focused on management to maintain and restore the hedgerow resource under the agri-environment schemes:
•	to examine the effects of simple cutting management regimes promoted by Entry Level Stewardship (ELS) and Higher Level Stewardship (HLS) on the quality and quantity of wildlife habitat, and food resources in hedgerows; and
•	to identify, develop and test low-cost, practical options for hedgerow restoration and rejuvenation applicable at the large-scale under both ELS and HLS.

This research was funded by Defra (project number BD2114: Effects of hedgerow management and restoration on biodiversity) and managed by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH).



description: All data were collected using standardised protocols developed for this research using existing published methods where possible. Data were collected by experienced field surveyors and ecologists. Species anomalies and lists were checked by experts to identify records that may be spurious. Data were collected on paper records and subsequently entered into Excel spreadsheets, prior to import into an Oracle database. Data were checked for anomalous values at time of data entry into Excel and import into the Oracle database. Data provided here have been exported from the database following various QA checks for locations, missing data and unexpected values. No other changes have been made to the data.
DOI: 10.5285/d55a6607-7da7-4b6e-8b28-f5fbd63884a9
title: Continuous measurements of meteorological parameters (2002-2006) [LOCAR]

description: Continuous measurements of meteorological parameters from the Frome Piddle; Pang Lambourn and Tern catchments, recorded between 2002 and 2006. Automatic weather stations were installed at 7 sites in these catchments to record hourly values of soil heat flux, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar and net radiation (upward and downward short and long wave), rainfall, soil temperature at 10 and 30 cm, air temperature and wind direction and speed for differing periods at the varying sites. The instruments were installed as part of the NERC funded Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) Programme to provide comparable baseline metrological data across the LOCAR catchments.
description: The automatic weather stations were programmed to routinely take all the readings for the various variables on an hourly basis and store them on the connected logger. The Catchment Service Team in each catchment was responsible for installing, maintaining and downloading the loggers at each site on a regular basis. The data are raw and have not been quality controlled.
DOI: 10.5285/af2ac4af-12c6-4152-8ed7-e886ed19622b
title: Vascular plant 'axiophyte' scores for Great Britain, derived from the assessments of the vice-county recorders of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (May 2016)

description: This dataset gives axiophyte score for plants in Great Britain, based on Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI) published lists of axiophytes for 24 counties in Great Britain. Axiophytes have been defined as 'worthy plants', that is, species that are indicative of high quality habitat within a particular region. This information product takes the county lists that were available in May 2016, and summarises the data in order to produce national (i.e. Great Britain) level scores of 'axiophyte-ness'; that is, the extent to which a species has been selected as a good indicator of high quality habitat where it occurs. This meta-list of axiophytes will be updated in the future as more county-level lists become available.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: The data presented here derive from published axiophyte lists developed by vice-county recorders of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI). These have been processed by the BSBI Head of Science into the data product presented here.
DOI: 10.5285/2a353d2d-c1b9-4bf7-8702-9e78910844bc
title: The Pantheon database: habitat related traits, conservation status and taxa associations for invertebrates in England

description: The Pantheon database contains habitat-related traits, feeding guilds, conservation status (including rarity and threat status), legal protection data and associations with other taxa for just over 11,700 invertebrates. The database has been developed for invertebrates within England so the data should be used with caution when applying it to invertebrates of other countries. The data have been extracted from numerous sources within the published literature and compiled and categorised by entomological experts over a number of years. The database also includes (and supersedes) species assemblage types (SATs) from the Invertebrate Species-habitat Information System (ISIS). Species names have been linked with the Taxon Version Key (TVK; unique identifier) from the UK Species Inventory, held by the Natural History Museum, where possible. Overall the database holds 154,072 records. The database was developed by Natural England and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology as part of a development of online analytical tools to benefit invertebrate conservation and site assessments.
description: Data were extracted from the published literature, including journal papers, books and websites. Whilst some of these sources may not have been peer reviewed they have been available for public scrutiny. The extracted data was compiled and categorised by expert entomologists, and second opinions sought where there was uncertainty in the categorisation. The trait names and hierarchy design were peer reviewed by a range of invertebrate experts. During the review, they were also able to comment on and amend species traits allocations if they considered them incorrect. Any changes were approved by the Pantheon project and steering group before implementation.
DOI: 10.5285/2f0eae1c-1512-4823-9cbe-cb54f05ee996
title: Potential future scenarios of nutrient and climate change using the model PROTECH at Rostherne Mere, Cheshire, UK (2016-2100)

description: This dataset includes the PROTECH validation output against a yearlong monitoring study conducted during 2016 in the lake and catchment of Rostherne Mere and the PROTECH output files following changes in internal and external nutrient loads and future climate scenarios based on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) data. These data were collected to demonstrate the future possible trajectories of change with alterations in air temperature, internal nutrient loads and external nutrient loads. Validation data is presented as daily model outputs, while all future projection data is presented as collated annual average model output data for each future change scenario. 

The PROTECH model (Phytoplankton RespOnses To Environmental CHange) simulates the in situ dynamics of phytoplankton in lakes and reservoirs, specialising in predicting phytoplankton species, particularly Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

The work was carried out as part of a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded PhD [grant number NE/L002493/1].
description: Between January 2016 and January 2017, water samples from the lake (surface and at depth) and catchment were collected approximately every three weeks for analysis of phosphorus, nitrogen, silicate and phytoplankton concentrations. Furthermore, inflow and outflow discharge rates were calculated for conversion of nutrient concentrations into total loads. PROTECH simulates the responses of a number of phytoplankton populations distributed in a 1 dimensional vertical water column at daily time steps, but also calculates key physical limnological parameters such as thermocline development, stratification pattern and nutrient concentrations. The model was run and compared to the observed data recorded from the lake during 2016 to first validate to model, then to re-run the calibrated 2016 simulation as a baseline with progressive changes to air temperature and nutrient load. The data was collated to Excel spreadsheets held by the lead author at Loughborough University. 

For ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre data was converted from Excel spreadsheets to comma separated files.
DOI: 10.5285/57f95ff8-e1b0-41b9-866a-feb231aecb67
title: Fish species and production in Welsh rivers along a biodiversity gradient (2012 - 2013)

description: This dataset consists of fish species, fish length and fish weight from samples taken from small and medium catchments across Wales. Samples were collected in the summers and autumns of 2012 and 2013 using electrofishing. All the collected individuals were counted and recorded to represent the fish diversity and abundance of each sampling site and date. The main goal of this survey was to relate fish production with a gradient of aquatic biodiversity associated with different environmental settings (land-use intensify, recovery from acidification). 

Dr Isabelle Durance was responsible for organising the surveys, Dr Hugh Feeley was in charge of collecting, sorting and measuring the fish samples. The work was carried out under the Diversity in Upland Rivers for Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project (Grant reference NERC NE/J014818/1). DURESS was a project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. 
description: Fish populations at the study sites were surveyed during a stable base-flow period from June to September 2012 and in July and September 2013. Fish samples were collected by electrofishing in representative 30 metre reaches that were enclosed with stop nets Fish caught during each pass were transferred immediately to a holding container containing stream water. After each pass, individuals were identified to species, weighed to the nearest gram using an electronic balance and fork length (FL) measured to the nearest millimetre was recorded. The mass of some individuals could not be accurately determined in the field. For these fish, mass was estimated using a length-mass regression, based on the 2012 observed data. (Details in supporting documentation).

Results were recorded in the field and results transferred into an Excel spreadsheet. Data was exported to a comma separated file for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC).
DOI: 10.5285/999b9188-1784-497a-bdce-8fdfbd03e15b
title: Soil bacterial cell counts and moisture content from a water stress experiment [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: These data comprise culturable cell counts in different media from soil microbial analysis within a microcosm experiment investigating moisture perturbations on microbes, set up at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology,  Oxford.  The experiment used soil turves from outside the main experimental plots at Sourhope, Scotland, collected in July 2001.  Soil moisture data are also included.

Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, established in 1999 and centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute)'s farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders. During this time, the site was monitored to assess changes in aboveground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute)'s farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT8545019630). 

Data were collected by scientists employed by Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and MLURI, and were managed by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/2348b53a-77f7-4293-8060-1a66fe4cea93
title: Chick unlearned behavioural responses to 3D-printed insect replicas, including Hymenoptera and their mimics

description: These data describe individual behaviour during an experiment investigating chick responses to 3D-printed insect replicas. Data describe chick progress through an initial training period, during which they open lids of small dishes and consume mealworms, and then during a testing trial, in which they approach and open dishes on which were placed 3D-printed insect replicas.

Also included are chick growth curves (daily weights in g) for the period of the experiment.
description: Behavioural observations were noted in the laboratory at the time of the experiment, and later transcribed from notebooks to digital spreadsheets. Quality control and collation of data was carried out within R v.4.3.2 before export to .csv
DOI: 10.5285/ffc06839-e64c-4844-aae7-db3b0a012e2e
title: Vegetation and soil data recorded at Parsonage Down National Nature Reserve in 1970, 1990 and 2016

description: This dataset contains vascular plant species abundance, average sward height, and soil analysis data from Parsonage Down National Nature Reserve (NNR), in southern England, in 1970, 1990 and 2016. Vascular plant species abundance and average sward height were recorded for each quadrat located along one of four transects.  The transects were located in a CG2 Festuca ovina – Avenula pratensis grassland which dominates the majority of the site. Soil samples were also taken from various points along each transect and subsequently analysed for pH, loss-on-ignition, exchangeable potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate and total nitrogen. The dataset was created for a study which examined long-term vegetation change at the nature reserve.
description: Each survey was carried out by experienced botanical surveyors working in pairs (or threes), using the same recording methods and equipment, including one surveyor who was involved in both the 1970 and 2016 re-survey. The plant data were collected using 20 cm x 20 cm quadrats located every 3 feet along 4 transects. For each quadrat, vascular plant species abundance were recorded using the Domin scale and average sward height was recorded using a metre ruler. Twenty-two soil samples were taken at various points along each transect at two depths, 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm. Soil analyses was conducted using standardised protocols, detailed within the supporting documentation. Wooden stakes from the 1970 survey allowed the original transects to be found in 1990. However, the stakes were no longer present in 2016 so transects were accurately re-located by geo-referencing the original survey maps using GIS (geographic information system) methods, detailed within the supporting documentation.