cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2fqz612ng
title: Data from: Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species

description: Although macroecology is a well-established field, much remains to be
 learned about the large-scale variation of fungal traits. We conducted a
 global analysis of mean fruit body size of 59 geographic regions
 worldwide, comprising 5,340 fungal species exploring the response of fruit
 body size to latitude, resource availability, and temperature. The results
 showed a hump-shaped relationship between mean fruit body size and
 distance to the equator. Areas with large fruit bodies were characterized
 by a high seasonality and an intermediate mean temperature. The responses
 of mutualistic species and saprotrophs were similar. These findings
 support the resource availability hypothesis, predicting large fruit
 bodies due to a seasonal resource surplus, and the thermoregulation
 hypothesis, according to which small fruit bodies offer a strategy to
 avoid heat and cold stress and therefore occur at temperature extremes.
 Fruit body size may thus be an adaptive trait driving the large-scale
 distribution of fungal species.
description: This dataset contains information to the species fruit body size,
 guild and locality.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh70z6
title: Synchronous activity patterns in the dentate gyrus during immobility

description: The hippocampal dentate gyrus is an important relay conveying sensory
 information from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus proper. During
 exploration, the dentate gyrus has been proposed to act as a pattern
 separator. However, the dentate gyrus also shows structured activity
 during immobility and sleep. The properties of these activity patterns at
 cellular resolution, and their role in hippocampal-dependent memory
 processes have remained unclear. Using dual-color in-vivo two-photon Ca2+
 imaging, we show that in immobile mice dentate granule cells generate
 sparse, synchronized activity patterns associated with entorhinal cortex
 activation. These population events are structured and modified by changes
 in the environment; and they incorporate place- and speed cells.
 Importantly, they are more similar than expected by chance to population
 patterns evoked during self-motion. Using optogenetic inhibition, we show
 that granule cell activity is not only required during exploration, but
 also during immobility in order to form dentate gyrus-dependent spatial
 memories.
description: Neuronal data from dentate gyrus granule cells.
 Data was recorded using two-photon imaging in awake
 mice.  Individual cells and their flourescence traces
 were identified using non-negativ matrix factorization (Pnevmatikakis et
 al., 2016)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x9bm2d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6574 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Echinochloa colonum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6574 records from 273 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002707-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djh9zk
title: Blood-brain barrier opening with focused ultrasound in Parkinson’s disease dementia

description: MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), in combination with intravenous
 microbubble administration, has been applied for focal
 temporary BBB opening in patients with neurodegenerative disorders and
 brain tumors. MRgFUS could become a therapeutic tool for drug delivery of
 putative neurorestorative therapies. Treatment for Parkinson’s disease
 with dementia (PDD) is an important unmet need. We initiated a
 prospective, single-arm, non-randomized, proof-of-concept, safety and
 feasibility phase I clinical trial (NCT03608553), which
 is still in progress. The primary outcomes of the study were to
 demonstrate the safety, feasibility and reversibility of BBB disruption in
 PDD, targeting the
 right parieto-occipito-temporal cortex where cortical
 pathology is foremost in this clinical state. Changes
 in β-amyloid burden, brain  metabolism after
 treatments and neuropsychological assessments, were analyzed as
 exploratory measurements. Five patients were recruited from
 October 2018 until May 2019, and received
 two treatment sessions separated by 2-3
 weeks. The results are set out in a descriptive
 manner. Overall, this procedure was feasible and reversible with
 no serious clinical or radiological side effects. We report BBB
 opening in the parieto-occipito-temporal junction in 8/10 treatments in 5
 patients as demonstrated by gadolinium enhancement. In all cases the
 procedures were uneventful and no side effects were encountered associated
 with BBB opening. From pre- to post-treatment, mild cognitive
 improvement was observed, and no major changes were detected in
 amyloid or fluorodeoxyglucose PET. MRgFUS-BBB opening in
 PDD is thus safe, reversible, and can
 be performed repeatedly. This study provides
 encouragement for the concept of BBB opening for drug delivery to treat
 dementia in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931
title: Non-Destructive Estimation of Nitrogen and Crude Protein in Mombasa Grass Using Morphometry, Colorimetry,

description: Estimating nitrogen (N) and the corresponding crude protein (CP) content in forage crops is essential for optimizing fertilization and livestock nutrition. However, standard methods such as the Dumas and Kjeldahl techniques are destructive, costly, and impractical for field use in certain regions of developing countries. This study evaluated four non-destructive approaches—morphometric measurements, Pantone® color scales, smartphone-based RGB analysis (ColorDetector app), and SPAD chlorophyll readings—for predicting N and CP in Megathyrsus maximus (Mombasa grass). A total of 120 samples were collected under three nitrogen fertilization levels and assessed using linear mixed-effects models with cross-validation. Morphometric variables showed poor performance (R2 &lt; 0.01), indicating low correlation with nutrient content. Pantone-based RGB models provided slightly better predictions (R2 ≈ 0.30) but were limited by subjectivity and discrete data. SPAD-based models demonstrated moderate predictive accuracy (R2 ≈ 0.53; RMSE ≈ 0.46%). The highest accuracy was achieved with smartphone-derived RGB data, where full RGB models reached R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.45%. Based on these results, a practical green color scale was developed from RGB values to support real-time, in-field nitrogen and crude protein assessment. This study highlights smartphone imaging as a scalable, low-cost, and accurate tool for non-destructive estimation of nitrogen and crude protein in tropical forages, offering an accessible alternative to laboratory methods for producers and field technicians.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31158931.v1
title: Non-Destructive Estimation of Nitrogen and Crude Protein in Mombasa Grass Using Morphometry, Colorimetry,

description: Estimating nitrogen (N) and the corresponding crude protein (CP) content in forage crops is essential for optimizing fertilization and livestock nutrition. However, standard methods such as the Dumas and Kjeldahl techniques are destructive, costly, and impractical for field use in certain regions of developing countries. This study evaluated four non-destructive approaches—morphometric measurements, Pantone® color scales, smartphone-based RGB analysis (ColorDetector app), and SPAD chlorophyll readings—for predicting N and CP in Megathyrsus maximus (Mombasa grass). A total of 120 samples were collected under three nitrogen fertilization levels and assessed using linear mixed-effects models with cross-validation. Morphometric variables showed poor performance (R2 &lt; 0.01), indicating low correlation with nutrient content. Pantone-based RGB models provided slightly better predictions (R2 ≈ 0.30) but were limited by subjectivity and discrete data. SPAD-based models demonstrated moderate predictive accuracy (R2 ≈ 0.53; RMSE ≈ 0.46%). The highest accuracy was achieved with smartphone-derived RGB data, where full RGB models reached R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.45%. Based on these results, a practical green color scale was developed from RGB values to support real-time, in-field nitrogen and crude protein assessment. This study highlights smartphone imaging as a scalable, low-cost, and accurate tool for non-destructive estimation of nitrogen and crude protein in tropical forages, offering an accessible alternative to laboratory methods for producers and field technicians.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jwxp
title: Juvenile social experience and practice have a switch-like influence on adult mate preferences in an insect

description: Social causes of variation in animal communication systems have important
 evolutionary consequences, including speciation. The relevance of these
 effects depends on how widespread they are among animals. There is
 evidence for such effects not only in birds and mammals, but also frogs
 and some insects and spiders. Here we analyse the social ontogeny of adult
 mate preferences in an insect, Enchenopa treehoppers. In these communal
 plant-feeding insects, individuals reared in isolation or in groups differ
 in their mate preferences, and the group-reared phenotype can be rescued
 by playbacks to isolation-reared individuals. We ask about the relative
 role of signalling experience and signalling practice during ontogeny on
 the development of adult mating preferences in Enchenopa females. Taking
 advantage of variation in the signal experience and signalling practice of
 isolation-reared individuals, we find switch-like effects for experience
 and practice on female mate preference phenotypes, with individuals having
 some experience and practice as juveniles best rescuing the group-reared
 preference phenotype. We discuss how understanding the nature and
 distribution of social-ontogenetic causes of variation in mate preferences
 and other sexual traits will bring new insights into how within- and
 between-population variation influences the evolution of communication
 systems.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh70z8
title: Data and code for Heterogeneous selection on exploration behavior within and among West European populations of a passerine bird

description: Heterogeneous selection is often proposed as a key mechanism maintaining
 repeatable behavioral variation (“animal personality”) in wild
 populations. Previous studies largely focused on temporal variation in
 selection within single populations. The relative importance of spatial
 versus temporal variation remains unexplored, despite these processes
 having distinct effects on local adaptation. Using data from &gt;3500
 great tits (Parus major) and 35 nest box plots situated within five
 West-European populations monitored over 4-18 years, we show that
 selection on exploration behavior varies primarily spatially, across
 populations, and study plots within populations. Exploration was,
 simultaneously, selectively neutral in the average population and year.
 These findings imply that spatial variation in selection may represent a
 primary mechanism maintaining animal personalities, likely promoting the
 evolution of local adaptation, phenotype-dependent dispersal, and
 nonrandom settlement. Selection also varied within populations among
 years, which may counteract local adaptation. Our study underlines the
 importance of combining multiple spatiotemporal scales in the study of
 behavioral adaptation.
description: Data from five different great tit (<em>Parus
 major</em>) populations were compiled. Data for the main statistical
 analyses for each population are in two separate files: one file with main
 data (fitness, behavior, study plots and years) and one file with breeding
 density. Data for the statistical analysis comparing the behavior of
 immigrant vs. locally recruited yearlings are in a third file.
 Also, uploaded R scripts to conduct analyses from the manuscript
 (one for main analyses and one for immigrant behavior analysis).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kprr4xh3k
title: Estimating on the fly: the approximate number system in rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus)

description: When presented with resources that differ in quantity, many animals use a
 numerosity system to discriminate between them. One taxonomically
 widespread system is the approximate number system. This is a numerosity
 system that allows the rapid evaluation of the number of objects in a
 group and which is regulated by Weber’s Law. Here we investigated whether
 wild, free-living rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) possess an
 approximate number system. The hummingbirds were presented with two
 experiments. In the first we investigated whether hummingbirds
 spontaneously chose an array containing more flowers than an alternate
 array. In the second we asked whether the hummingbirds could learn to use
 numerosity as a cue to which of two arrays contained the better reward.
 The birds did not spontaneously prefer an array containing more flowers.
 After minimal training, however, they learned to choose the more numerous
 array and could differentiate between arrays of five and seven flowers.
 These data support the presence of an approximate number system in the
 rufous hummingbird. It seems plausible that having such a system would
 enable much more efficient foraging in this species.
description: We trained marked, wild
 rufous hummingbirds to feed from artificial flowers. In the first
 experiment we presented birds with two arrays of artificial flowers, one
 more numerous than the other (e.g., 7 flowers vs 1 flower). We presented
 birds with eleven different combination of arrays: 1vs2, 1vs3, 1vs4, 1vs5,
 1vs6, 1vs7, 2vs7, 3vs7, 4vs7, 5vs, 6vs7and recorded which array the bird
 visited first. During the second experiment, the array with a smaller
 number of flowers had a lower quality reward (5% sucrose solution) than
 the array with more flowers (25% sucrose solution). After birds were
 presented with a single numerous array (7 flowers) that was highly reward
 and then with a single array (1 flower) that was rewarded poorly, the
 birds were presented with two arrays simultaneously for the eleven
 different array combinations. We recorded how many times it took birds to
 visit first the more numerous array three times in a row. The order of
 presentation of the different tests was alternated and counterbalanced on
 both experiments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q83bk3jgw
title: Genomic and acoustic differences separate Lilian’s Meadowlark (Sturnella magna lilianae) from Eastern (S. magna) and Western (S. neglecta) Meadowlarks

description: Examining differences among recently diverged populations can provide
 insight into the traits and evolutionary mechanisms that drive or maintain
 divergence. The genus Sturnella includes two recently diverged species,
 Sturnella magna (Eastern Meadowlark) and S. neglecta (Western Meadowlark),
 the former of which has a complex of subspecies distributed across the
 Americas. Of the S. magna subspecies that occur in the United States, S.
 m. lilianae is the only one with a disjunct range, occurring in the
 southwestern U.S. and central Mexico. It also has markedly different song
 patterns than all other S. magna subspecies. In order to assess population
 differentiation, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 35 birds, and
 analyzed song characteristics from 85 birds. Songs from each species and
 S. m. lilianae were diagnosable using linear discriminant function
 analysis and support divergence in song between all taxa. Phylogenetic
 analysis and admixture proportions support three distinct clades within
 North American meadowlarks, and tests of introgression failed to detect a
 significant signal. Overall, our results indicate that S. m. lilianae
 exhibits high levels of genetic and vocal differentiation from both S.
 magna and S. neglecta, with no evidence of introgression between any
 group, and forms a distinct evolutionary lineage. We thus recommend the
 elevation of S. m. lilianae to species status.
description: Shallow whole-genome sequence data of 32 meadowlarks (Eastern,
 Western, and Lilian's) and 3 Bobolinks. Vcf file has
 been filtered to a minimum
 mean depth of 2x and maximum mean depth of 14x per
 variant, minor allele frequency (10%), no missing data, and
 removed all scaffolds shorter than 5kb. Song data from 85 meadowlarks
 (Eastern, Western, and Lilian's) includes measurements taken
 automatically from manually drawn boundary boxes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tdz08kpzc
title: Sampling of common eiders for the detection of Pasteurella multocida infection at Mitivik Island, Nunavut

description: From 2007-2014, pre-breeding common eiders were captured in flight nets
 when arriving and flying over Mitivik Island, Nunavut, banded, sexed and
 measured. Cloacal and oral samples were collected for detection of current
 Pasteurella multocida infection, and blood samples were collected for
 detection of antibodies to this bacterium. For more details, see van Dijk
 et al. (2020) Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera
 in Arctic-nesting seabirds.
description: For details, see van Dijk et al. (2020) Herd immunity drives the
 epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nzs7h44qp
title: Evidence for reduced immune gene diversity and activity during the evolution of termites

description: This dataset contains data from a termite immunity related study described
 in the paper: “He Shulin, Sieksmeyer Thorben, Che Yanli, Mora M. Alejandra
 Esparza, Stiblik Petr, Banasiak Ronald, Harrison Mark C., Šobotník Jan,
 Wang Zongqing, Johnston Paul R. and McMahon Dino P. 2021Evidence for
 reduced immune gene diversity and activity during the evolution of
 termitesProc. R. Soc.
 B.288:20203168.http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3168”.  The study
 investigates the evolution of termite molecular immune system: evolution
 of immune gene family along a constructed phylogeny, different individual
 immune response between three termite castes, a subsocial cockroach and a
 non-social cockroach, the caste specific expression of immune genes,
 different social immune response between a social termite species and a
 non-social cockroach species. In the first experiment, we de novo
 sequenced 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning the full spectrum of
 solitary and social lifestyles, including two solitary cockroach species,
 two species of subsocial Cryptocercus wood-feeding cockroaches and 14
 termite species. We exploited a transcriptomic approach to compare the
 immune gene repertoire of these sequenced species. In the second
 experiment, we compared individual immune responses in a solitary
 cockroach, B. orientalis, a subsocial wood-feeding roach, Cryptocercus
 meridianus, and each caste of a social termite, Neotermes castaneus,
 following direct injection with heat-killed microbes. In the third
 experiment, we explored total gene expression differences between castes
 without immune challenge. In the fourth experiment, we studied gene
 expression changes in each caste of N. castaneus following colony exposure
 to immune-challenged nestmates, and compared these with gene expression
 changes in the solitary cockroach, B. orientalis, following group exposure
 to immune-challenged conspecifics. Main results of the experiments are
 that (1) immune gene families show contractions and expansions during
 temite evolution; (2) compared with cockroaches, termites showed
 weak individual immune response; (3) termites have caste-specific
 constitutive immunity; (4) Compared with cockroach, termite showed a
 stronger gene expression changes in response to a social immune challenge.
description: The dataset was collected for a
 study of termite immunity evolution at Freie Universität Berlin and BAM
 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. It has been
 processed to produce a MS accepted for publication in Proceedings of the
 Royal Society B.
description: The readme file contains an
 explanation of the files in the dataset. Information on how the data were
 produced can be found in the associated manuscript referenced above and
 related github repository.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnk2
title: Data related to: Open-system evolution of a crustal-scale magma column, Klamath Mountains, California

description: Granitic magmas commonly display evidence for some level of interaction
 with and/or origins from crustal rocks. There is fundamental debate in the
 community as to the processes that control the origins of these magmas and
 the potential for their contamination as they pass through the crust. One
 approach to addressing these issues involves a combination of detailed
 field mapping combined with geochemical analysis of bulk-rock samples and
 their constituent minerals. In particular, resolution of debates about
 magma origin(s) and contamination processes rely on U-Pb ages of zircon
 combined with isotopic data gathered from bulk-rock samples and from
 minerals such as zircon. The data presented here consist of U-Pb, Hf, and
 oxygen isotope analyses of zircon crystals separated from a major plutonic
 complex in northern California: the Wooley Creek batholith and Slinkard
 pluton. In addition, data are presented for samples of the metamorphic
 rocks that host these intrusions and for xenoliths of these host rocks
 engulfed by the intrusions. These data are discussed in the
 above-mentioned manuscript. Generation of the data was supported by
 National Science Foundation grants EAR-0838342 to C. Barnes and A.
 Yoshinobu, EAR-0838546 to K. Chamberlain, and EAR-1524336 to J. Valley.
 The WiscSIMS isotope facility (oxygen isotope data) was supported by NSF
 grant EAR-1658823 and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Figure 1
 illustrates the locations of plutonic samples analyzed. Table 1 presents
 sample locations and rock types. Tables 2–5 present U-Pb ages and Hf
 isotope data determined by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
 spectrometry at the University of California-Santa Barbara. Tables 6A–6E
 present U-Pb ages determined by SHRIMP-RG (sensitive high resolution ion
 microprobe-reverse geometry) at Stanford University. Table 7 presents
 oxygen isotope (zircon) data determined by SIMS (secondary ion mass
 spectrometry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
description: Field sampling. Mineral separation and imaging
 by cathodoluminescence. U-Pb dating of zircon by
 chemical-abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry,
 sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe, and laser-ablation
 inductively-coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Data processed using
 Isoplot and Iolite, publicly available software. Hf
 isotopes by LA-ICP-MS. Data processed using Iolite.
 Oxygen isotopes by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Data
 processed in-house, University of Wisconsin WiscSIMS laboratory.
description: A file with sample rock types and locations will be uploaded.
 Data files are spreadsheets with individual spot analyses in rows,
 specific isotope measurements and ratios in labeled columns, as explained
 in the README file.