cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14288/1.0398439
title: Data from: Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted by saliva and is a major cause of cancer, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS. Here, we describe the frequency and quantity of EBV detection in the saliva of Ugandan adults with and without HIV-1 infection and use these data to develop a novel mathematical model of EBV infection in the tonsils. Eligible cohort participants were not taking antiviral medications, and those with HIV-1 infection had a CD4 count &gt;200 cells/mm^3. Over a 4-week period, participants provided daily oral swabs that we analysed for the presence and quantity of EBV. Compared with HIV-1 uninfected participants, HIV-1 coinfected participants had an increased risk of EBV detection in their saliva (IRR=1.27, 95% CI=1.10-1.47) and higher viral loads in positive samples. We used these data to develop a stochastic, mechanistic mathematical model that describes the dynamics of EBV, infected cells, and immune response within the tonsillar epithelium to analyse potential factors that may cause EBV infection to be more severe in HIV-1 coinfected participants. The model, fit using Approximate Bayesian Computation, showed high fidelity to daily oral shedding data and matched key summary statistics. When evaluating how model parameters differed among participants with and without HIV-1 coinfection, results suggest HIV-1 coinfected individuals have higher rates of B cell reactivation, which can seed new infection in the tonsils and lower rates of an EBV-specific immune response. Subsequently, both these traits may explain higher and more frequent EBV detection in the saliva of HIV-1 coinfected individuals.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0398438
title: Ongoing production of low-fitness hybrids limits range overlap between divergent cryptic species

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contact zones between recently-diverged taxa provide opportunities to examine the causes of reproductive isolation and the processes that determine whether two species can coexist over a broad region. The Pacific Wren (&lt;i&gt;Troglodytes pacificus&lt;/i&gt;) and Winter Wren (&lt;i&gt;Troglodytes hiemalis&lt;/i&gt;) are two morphologically similar songbirds that started diverging about 4 million years ago, older than most sister species pairs of temperate songbirds. The ranges of these species come into narrow contact in western Canada, where the two species remain distinct. To assess evidence for differentiation, hybridization, and introgression in this system, we examined variation in over 250,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed across the genome. The two species formed highly divergent genetic clusters, consistent with long-term differentiation. In a set of 75 individuals, two first-generation hybrids (i.e., F1’s) were detected, indicating only moderate levels of assortative mating between these taxa. We found no recent backcrosses or other evidence of recent breeding success of F1’s, indicating very low or zero fitness of F1 hybrids. Examination of genomic variation shows evidence for only a single backcrossing event many generations ago. The moderate rate of hybridization combined with very low F1 hybrid fitness is expected to result in a population sink in the contact zone, largely explaining the narrow overlap of the two species. If such dynamics are common in nature, they could explain the narrow range overlap often observed between pairs of closely related species.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0397668
title: Data from: Climate change increases predation risk for a keystone species of the boreal forest

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p style="text-indent:36.0pt;"&gt;Canada lynx (&lt;i&gt;Lynx canadensis&lt;/i&gt;) and snowshoe hares (&lt;i&gt;Lepus americanus&lt;/i&gt;) form a keystone predator-prey cycle that has large impacts on the North-American boreal forest vertebrate community. Snowshoe hares and lynx are both well-suited for snowy winters, but climate change associated shifts in snow conditions could lower hare survival and alter cyclic dynamics. Using detailed monitoring of snowshoe hare cause-specific mortality, behaviour, and prevailing weather, we demonstrate that hare mortality risk is strongly influenced by variation in snow conditions. Although predation risk from lynx was largely unaffected by snow conditions, coyote (&lt;i&gt;Canis latrans&lt;/i&gt;) predation increased in shallow snow. Maximum snow depth in our study area has decreased 33% over the last two decades and predictions based on prolonged shallow snow indicate future hare survival could resemble that seen during population declines. Our results indicate that climate change could disrupt cyclic dynamics in the boreal forest.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0398710
title: Data from: Phenotypic plasticity of natural Populus trichocarpa populations in response to temporally environmental change in a common garden

description: Natural selection on fitness-related traits can be temporally heterogeneous among populations. As climate changes, understanding population-level responses is of scientific and practical importance. We examined 18 phenotypic traits associated with phenology, biomass, and ecophysiology in 403 individuals of natural Populus trichocarpa populations, growing in a common garden. Compared with tree origin settings, propagules likely underwent drought exposures in the common garden due to significantly low rainfall during the years of measurement. All study traits showed population differentiation reflecting adaptive responses due to local genetic adaptation. Phenology and biomass traits were strongly under selection and showed plastic responses between years, co-varying with latitude. While phenological events (e.g., bud set and growth period) and biomass were under positive directional selection, post-bud set period, particularly from final bud set to the onset of leaf drop, was selected against. With one exception to water-use efficiency, ecophysiology traits were under negative directional selection. Moreover, extended phenological events jointly evolved with source niches under increased temperature and decreased rainfall exposures. High biomass coevolved with climatic niches of high temperature; low rainfall promoted high photosynthetic rates evolution. This work underpins that P. trichocarpa is likely to experience increased fitness (height gain) by evolving toward extended bud set and growth period, abbreviated post-bud set period, and increased drought resistance, potentially constituting a powerful mechanism for long-lived tree species in surviving unpredictably environmental extremes (e.g., drought).
DOI: 10.14288/1.0398522
title: Training Materials~Pediatric Sepsis Data CoLab Environmental Scan

description: The purpose of this environmental scan is to support health facilities in identifying and assessing quality improvement (QI) priorities and initiatives to treat children with sepsis. This dataset contains training materials for project setup and data collection.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wrpys4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 75027 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Aconoidasida"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 75027 records from 213 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000471-250424135625364/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0398523
title: Morphologic and metabolic data of Philaenus spumarius froghoppers

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;The xylem sap of vascular plants is an unlikely source of nutrition, being both nutrient poor and held under tensions (negative pressures) that can exceed 1 MPa. But some insects feed on xylem sap exclusively, extracting copious quantities using a muscular cibarial pump. However, neither the strength of the insect’s suction, nor the direct energetic cost of xylem ingestion, have ever been quantified. &lt;i&gt;Philaenus spumarius&lt;/i&gt; froghoppers were used to address these gaps in our knowledge. Micro-CT scans of its cibarium and measurements of cibarial muscle sarcomere length revealed that &lt;i&gt;P. spumarius&lt;/i&gt; can generate a maximum tension of 1.3 ± 0.2 MPa within its cibarium. The energetic cost of xylem extraction was quantified using respirometry to measure the metabolic rate (MR) of &lt;i&gt;P. spumarius&lt;/i&gt; while they fed on hydroponically-grown legumes, while xylem sap excretion rate and cibarial pumping frequency were simultaneously recorded. Increasing the plants’ xylem tensions up to 1.1 MPa by exposing their roots to polyethylene glycol did not reduce the insects’ rate of xylem excretion, but significantly increased both MR and pumping frequency. We conclude that &lt;i&gt;P. spumarius&lt;/i&gt; can gain energy feeding on xylem sap containing previously reported energy densities and at xylem tensions up to their maximum suction capacity.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400036
title: Globally, plant-soil feedbacks are weak predictors of plant abundance

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) have been shown to strongly affect plant performance under controlled conditions, and PSFs are thought to have far reaching consequences for plant population dynamics and the structuring of plant communities. However, thus far the relationship between PSF and plant species abundance in the field is not consistent. Here, we synthesize PSF experiments from tropical forests to semiarid grasslands, and test for a positive relationship between plant abundance in the field and PSFs estimated from controlled bioassays. We meta-analyzed results from 22 PSF experiments and found an overall positive correlation (0.12 ≤ ▁(r ̅ ) ≤ 0.32) between plant abundance in the field and PSFs across plant functional types (herbaceous and woody plants) but also variation by plant functional type. Thus, our analysis provides quantitative support that plant abundance has a general albeit weak positive relationship with PSFs across ecosystems. Overall, our results suggest that harmful soil biota tend to accumulate around and disproportionately impact species that are rare. However, data for the herbaceous species, which are most common in the literature, had no significant abundance-PSFs relationship. Therefore, we conclude that further work is needed within and across biomes, succession stages and plant types, both under controlled and field conditions, while separating PSF effects from other drivers (e.g. herbivory, competition, disturbance) of plant abundance to tease apart the role of soil biota in causing patterns of plant rarity versus commonness.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400037
title: Queen-worker conflict can drive the evolution of social polymorphism and split sex ratios in facultatively eusocial life-cycles

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hamilton’s idea that haplodiploidy favors the evolution of altruism – the haplodiploidy hypothesis -- relies on the relatedness asymmetry between the sexes, caused by the sex-specific ploidies. Theoretical work on the consequences of relatedness asymmetries has significantly improved our understanding of sex-allocation and intra-colony conflicts, but the importance of haplodiploidy for the evolution of altruism came to be seen as minor. However, recently it was shown that haplodiploidy can strongly favor the evolution of eusociality, provided additional “preadaptations” are also present, such as the production of multiple broods per season and maternal ability to bias offspring sex ratios. These results were obtained assuming no influence of workers on the sex ratio, even though worker control of the sex ratio is known to occur. Here we model the evolution of sex-specific fratricide as a mechanism of worker control over the sex ratio. We show that fratricide can facilitate the initial evolution of helping. However, fratricide can also hamper the evolution of unconditional help. Instead, social polymorphism evolves, a mixture of helping and dispersing offspring. Finally, we show that the co-evolution of sex-allocation strategies of workers (fratricide) and queens leads to a split production of the sexes, with some colonies specializing in males and others in females. Thus, the model predicts that fratricide spawns a diversity of co-existing life cycles that strongly vary in degree of sociality and sex ratios.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400895
title: Input data for Improved Regional Scale Dynamic Evapotranspiration Estimation Under Changing Vegetation and Climate

description: Vegetation change can significantly alter evapotranspiration (ET), an important component of the terrestrial water balance, and consequently influences other hydrological processes. With no direct measurement techniques available at large spatial scales, the accurate estimation of ET under changing forest landscapes and climate is challenging. In this study, we used an improved method based on Fuh’s equation (a functional form of the Budyko framework) to investigate ET responses to cumulative forest disturbance and climate in the snow-dominated interior of British Columbia, Canada. First, we divided the study region into three distinct climate groups, and then related the watershed parameter m in Fuh’s equation to vegetation change and watershed properties, with independent calibration and validation watersheds. The validated relationships were used to examine regional ET variations (~380,000 km2). These datasets include the input calibration and validation data by watershed and by 10km x 10km gridcell used to carry out the regional trend analysis. Input data includes: watershed name, calibration/validation indicator, climate group (wet, moderate, or dry), number of years averaged, average year in group, forest disturbance indicator - cumulative clearcut area (CECA), annual precipitation (mm), potential evapotranspiration (mm), mean annual streamflow (mm), and watershed property parameter from Fuh’s equation m. Results from this analysis are published in the article "Improved Regional Scale Dynamic Evapotranspiration Estimation Under Changing Vegetation and Climate" in Water Resources Research.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400088
title: Tree inventory of UBC Farm to accelerate agroforestry research

description: Juxtaposed with the agricultural production systems at the UBC Farm is a large area of second growth forest that is currently classified as an area for agroforestry. While this forest is not currently actively managed for agroforestry or forestry production, it provides an unparalleled resource on campus for research and learning. The objective is to undertake a 100% inventory of all trees &gt;10cm diameter at breast height (DBH), identify and record them in an UBC campus-wide database format, and share the data on an open-source platform for students and researchers at UBC to access. This will provide the necessary baseline for further research on urban forestry, ecosystem services, biodiversity, climate change, potential sustainable timber production, and agroforestry, among others, to take place at UBC Farm. It represents an essential tool for the future sustainable management of the remaining forest on the UBC Farm.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400086
title: Spinning in the rain: interactions between spider web morphology and microhabitat use

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the effects of abiotic factors on species distributions and habitat selection have been widely investigated, studies have rarely succeeded at identifying the factors behind selection at the microhabitat level. Spider webs are extended phenotypes expected to be subject to fitness trade-offs. We tested the hypothesis that spiders with three-dimensional webs (tangle and sheet-and-tangle), which require more material to be built than two-dimensional orbicular webs, occupy microhabitats where they are better protected from strong rains. We show that tangle and sheet-and-tangle webs were indeed significantly more likely to be under immediate cover than expected by chance and than orb webs. Tangle webs occurred closest to the cover and were largely protected, whereas sheet-and-tangle webs, likely due to their larger size and mostly horizontal position, tended to be more exposed.  Sheet-and-tangle webs, however, occurred more often against tree trunks, where we show rain to be less intense. We further show that the proportion of 3D webs under immediate cover increased with annual precipitation along a dry to wet gradient in western Ecuador, an effect absent for 2D webs. The latter finding suggests that, in addition to using leaves for structural support, spiders with 3D webs seek microhabitat locations to shelter themselves from strong rains. Our findings illustrate how microhabitat selection may allow organisms to cope with abiotic factors at broader geographical scales, thus influencing organismal fitness and community structure.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400470
title: Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals an independent genetic basis for joint divergence in leaf function, life-history, and floral traits between scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) populations

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PREMISE &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Across taxa, vegetative and floral traits that vary along a fast-slow life-history axis are often correlated with leaf functional traits arrayed along the leaf economics spectrum, suggesting a constrained set of adaptive trait combinations. Such broad-scale convergence may arise from genetic constraints imposed by pleiotropy (or tight linkage) within species, or from natural selection alone. Understanding the genetic basis of trait syndromes and their components is key to distinguishing these alternatives and predicting evolution in novel environments.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We used a line-cross approach and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to characterize the genetic basis of twenty leaf functional/physiological, life history, and floral traits in hybrids between annualized and perennial populations of scarlet monkeyflower (&lt;i&gt;Mimulus cardinalis&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We mapped both single and multi-trait QTLs for life history, leaf function and reproductive traits, but found no evidence of genetic co-ordination across categories. A major QTL for three leaf functional traits (thickness, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal resistance) suggests that a simple shift in leaf anatomy may be key to adaptation to seasonally dry habitats.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Our results suggest that the co-ordination of resource-acquisitive leaf physiological traits with a fast life history and more selfing mating system results from environmental selection rather than functional or genetic constraint. Independent assortment of distinct trait modules, as well as a simple genetic basis to leaf physiological traits associated with drought escape, may facilitate adaptation to changing climates. &lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0400466
title: GARD 1.5 range shapefiles used in: Global diversity patterns are explained by diversification rates at ancient, not shallow, timescales

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Explaining global species richness patterns is a “Holy Grail” of ecology and evolution. These richness patterns are often attributed to spatial variation in diversification rates (speciation minus extinction). Surprisingly, prominent studies of birds, fish, and angiosperms reported higher diversification rates at higher latitudes (mismatched with richness). Yet these studies only examined diversification rates at relatively recent timescales. Here, we quantify global richness patterns among lizard and snake species (10,213; 94%) and explore their underlying causes. We found that diversification rates at more recent timescales in squamates also show mismatched patterns of rates and richness. However, diversification rates at deeper timescales were positively related to richness. These observations may help resolve the paradoxical results of previous studies. Remarkably, these diversification patterns are largely unrelated to climate. Instead, higher tropical richness is related to ancient occupation of tropical regions. Thus, these large-scale diversity patterns are only understood by considering climate, deep-time diversification rates, and the time spent in different regions.
DOI: 10.3886/e242362v1
title: ECIN Replication Package for "Improving tax revenues in the emerging markets: A Laffer curve analysis"

description: Emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) can significantly improve their tax-to-GDP ratios by expanding the tax base and strengthening institutional quality. This paper develops a neoclassical growth model with heterogeneous agents- Ricardian and non-Ricardian households- to examine fiscal capacity using a Laffer curve framework. It highlights two key constraints in EMDEs: a large untaxed population-including exempt and informally employed individuals, and institutional weakness reflected in tax evasion, poor audits, and weak compliance norms. Non-Ricardians are untaxed; Ricardians may evade or pay taxes. Results show that raising tax rates alone is ineffective; broader compliance, limited exemptions, and institutional reforms are essential.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ut8ef5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1515469 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Trifolium repens"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1515469 records from 4644 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0010291-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uqnjfz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 334 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Benin",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Afzelia africana Sm.",
 "Year 2015-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 334 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004605-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t9k4gz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 905 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "TaxonKey is Lebeckia Thunb."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 905 records from 22 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004606-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r3sfyn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 388 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Acerodon jubatus (Eschscholtz, 1831)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 388 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004607-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.