cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/sz6f-6k55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cook - Chera Gilgit - PCSM - ITRDB PAKI024

description: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Climatology - temperature analyses NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/sqh4-vr59
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Colenutt - Floe Lake - LALY - ITRDB CANA406

description: Ring-width chronologies have been developed for alpine larch (Larixlyallii Pari.) at six tree-line sites in the Banff-Kananaskis area of the southern Canadian Rockies. Evaluation of all chronologies confirms that alpine larch ring-width series have higher mean sensitivities, lower autocorrelation, and greater common variance than series from other tree species growing at tree line in this area. Missing and very narrow rings created cross-dating difficulties at all sites but were most problematic for the sites along the Continental Divide. Up to 1% of the rings were missing from entire chronologies, but for specific years, up to 77% of the rings were missing at one site. Marker (narrow) rings were present at all sites for the years 1610, 1654, 1715, 1720, 1723, 1752, 1799, 1824, 1842, 1844, 1915, 1925, 1951, and 1971. Tree growth rates were reduced for the periods 1675-1710, 1815-1850, and 1960-1978 whereas increased growth occurred during 1650-1680, 1750-1800, 1850-1900, and 1920-1950. The only factor that could affect all sites over such a broad geographic area is climate. Principal components analysis indicated that the first eigenvector derived from the six chronologies accounted for 70.7% of their common variance and the first three components accounted for 91.6%. The high correlation between the six first principal component and standard chronologies suggested that either method may be used for standardizing tree-ring data from alpine larch.
description: Cores are stored at:
# # University of Western Ontario
# # 
# # References:
# # Colenutt M.  2000.  
# # Climate reconstruction in the southern Canadian Rockies using tree-ring data from alpine larch.  
# # PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/szpn-5t22
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Woodhouse - Trail Gulch update - PIED - CO649, PAGES North America 2K Version

description: In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States.
DOI: 10.25921/spr1-3c80
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Davis Pond, Massachusetts 16KYr LOI Data and Moisture Balance Reconstructions

description: Long-term sediment and ground-penetrating radar data from Davis Pond, a small lake near the Hudson River valley, reveal past droughts in a historically humid region that presently supplies water to millions of people in and around New York City. A minimum of eleven sandy paleoshoreline deposits in the lake date from 13.4 to 0.6 cal ka BP. The deposits span 1500 to 200 yr between bracketing radiocarbon ages, and intrude into lacustrine silts up to 9.0 m below the modern lake surface in a transect of six sediment cores. Three low stands, ca. 13.4-10.9, 9.2 and 8.2 cal ka BP indicate low regional moisture balance when low temperatures affected the North Atlantic region. Consistent with insolation trends, water levels rose from ca. 8.0 cal ka BP to present, but five low stands interrupted the rise and are likely associated with ocean-atmosphere interactions. Similar to evidence from other studies, the data from Davis Pond indicate repeated multi-century periods of prolonged or frequent droughts super-imposed on long-term regional trends toward high water levels. The patterns indicate that water supplies in this heavily populated region have continuously varied at multiple time scales and confirm that humid regions such as the northeastern United States are more prone to severe drought than historically expected.
description: Sediment loss-on-ignition (LOI) values and moisture balance (lake-level and Precipitation minus Evaporation) reconstructions for Davis Pond, Massachusetts. 
Also included are facies thresholds for differentiating littoral and sub-littoral lake sediment facies 
based on the raw core data, for use in the iterative lake-level reconstruction process. The reconstruction 
process iteratively applies each set of thresholds in R to produce an ensemble of reconstructions. The code for 
generating the lake-level reconstruction according to the process described in Pribyl and Shuman (2014) is provided.
Also included are the ensemble mean lake-level reconstruction and its uncertainty per 50-yr interval for the length 
of the record, and the individual ensemble members for each time step (but without the ages for the steps).
 R script MoistureBalance is the code for the simple moisture-budget calculation based on the lake-level reconstruction. 
 Again this follows Pribyl and Shuman (2014).  PErecon contains the median P-E reconstruction as an anomaly from modern 
for each 50-yr interval, as well as the 1-sigma and 25% and 75% quantiles of the reconstruction uncertainty.
Data and R code are included in original contributor files: Davis_cores.csv, Davis_Iterations_012414.csv, 
Davis_LLrecon_012414.csv, Davis_PErecon_012414.csv, Davis_R_Script_LLRecon_012414.txt, 
Davis_R_Script_MoistureBalance_011414.txt, and FaciesThresholds_Davis.csv, plus WDC Paleo formatted text files davis2013loi.txt,
davis2013ll.txt, and davis2013p-e.txt.
DOI: 10.25921/skjn-w996
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Firth River Alaska 930 Year Maximum Latewood Density Temperature Reconstruction

description: Northwestern North America has one of the highest rates of recent temperature increase in the world, but the putative "divergence problem" in dendroclimatology potentially limits the ability of tree-ring proxy data at high latitudes to provide long-term context for current anthropogenic change. Here, summer temperatures are reconstructed from a Picea glauca maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology that shows a stable relationship to regional temperatures and spans most of the last millennium at the Firth River in northeastern Alaska. The warmest epoch in the last nine centuries is estimated to have occurred during the late twentieth century, with average temperatures over the last 30 yr of the reconstruction developed for this study [1973-2002 in the Common Era (CE)] approximately 1.3° ± 0.4°C warmer than the long-term preindustrial mean (1100-1850 CE), a change associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases. Prior to the late twentieth century, multidecadal temperature fluctuations covary broadly with changes in natural radiative forcing. The findings presented here emphasize that tree-ring proxies can provide reliable indicators of temperature variability even in a rapidly warming climate.
description: Tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) based reconstruction of July-August temperature 
from northeastern Alaska from trees samples in the Firth River valley. This series is based on 
Signal-Free (SF) standardization of a maximum latewood density data collection of living 
and subfossil samples. Data are from Figure 7 and 9, Anchukaitis et al. 2013. Summer (July and August) 
weighted mean ensemble Firth River temperature reconstruction smoothed with a 30-year Gaussian filter 
and including +/-2sigma uncertainties estimated as the smoothed ensemble Standard Error of Prediction.  
Reconstructed values are anomalies from the 1951–1980 mean July-August GISTEMP for the Firth River 
the ensemble methods by their validation 
period bias such that more skillful reconstructions receive a larger weight for the ensemble mean.
The raw data are archived in the ITRDB as ak132x:
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak132x.rwl
DOI: 10.25921/sf5g-0g33
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northwestern Canada 350 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions

description: Ring widths from five Picea glauca stands at the alpine treeline in northwestern Canada are used to investigate climate-growth responses and to develop a long reconstruction of summer temperatures. Response function and linear regression analyses indicate that the radial growth response of these trees to climate varies with age and site. At most sites, the period of significant positive response to growing season temperatures declines with tree age. Age-dependent and standard (age independent) models are then used to develop two reconstructions of June-July temperatures for northwestern Canada extending back to A.D. 1638. Calibration statistics were similar for both models, but the standard model performed poorly during verification. The reconstruction produced using age-dependent modeling suggests June-July temperatures were cooler than present throughout most of the past 350 years, with the exception of the late 18th century. Particularly cool periods occurred at ~1700 and in the mid-19th century. In contrast, the standard model suggests that temperatures were similar to or warmer than present during the last 350 years. The age-dependent reconstruction compares favorably with other proxy climate records from northern North America. Age-dependent dendroclimatic modeling can provide a sensitive record of recent climatic change that allows the inclusion of previously rejected sites into dendroclimatic analyses.
description: Reconstructed June-July temperatures in northwestern Canada derived from tree-ring data.  (calibrated with Dawson/Norman Wells average, 1909-1989), produced using age-dependent modelling.
DOI: 10.25921/sqcd-kz48
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Graybill - Flower Lake - PIBA - CA528, PAGES North America 2K Version

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/srtf-0q79
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Brauning - Nyinchi - JUTI - ITRDB CHIN045

description: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Climatology - temperature analyses NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/s617-gz50
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Shiyatov - Sheveli Canyon - JUTU - ITRDB KYRG011

description: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Climatology - temperature analyses NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/szst-w348
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Zaca Lake, California 3000 Year Leaf Wax dD and Modern Vegetation Data

description: The hydrogen isotopic composition of plant molecular markers in modern vegetation and marine sediments in southern California have been intensively studied. Here we report a late Holocene reconstruction from Zaca Lake in coastal southern California, together with modern hydrological and vegetation studies in the catchment. The small catchment and decadal sampling resolution throughout the 9 m, 3000 yr sedimentary record provided a high resolution terrigenous counterpart of nearby marine records from the Santa Barbara Basin. Today, dD values of precipitation average -51.5‰ ± 18 (1sigma, n = 7). Modern plant leaf wax dD values for the C28n-alkanoic acid averaged -141‰ ± 11 (1sigma, n = 10) for Quercus agrifolia, with a calculated fractionation relative to precipitation (Ewax/precip) of -94‰ ± 22 (1sigma, n = 10); in contrast, there was negligible production of the C28 acid by co-dominant Pinus coulteri. Downcore, the C28 acid dD values ranged between -101‰ and -177‰ (mean -150‰ ± 8, 1sigma, n = 490). Abundance distributions suggested that the sedimentary C28 acid was dominated by Quercus, implying that paleoprecipitation varied between extremes of −8‰ and −92‰ (mean −63‰ ± 14, compound 1σ, n = 490). The 3000 yr leaf wax D/H record from Zaca Lake revealed substantial temporal variability, greater than observed in a speleothem reconstruction of similar resolution. We suggest that the plant-based proxy may magnify the variability by sampling spring precipitation preferentially. Centennial-duration positive isotopic excursions were associated with more sub-tropical moisture sources and drier conditions including during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, and negative excursions were associated with N Pacific sources and wetter conditions including during the Little Ice Age.
description: Zaca Lake, Southern coastal California sediment leaf wax hydrogen isotopic 
composition data spanning the last 3000 years. Age model from radiocarbon and historical datums including appearance of pollen of non-native species. Leaf wax D/H is used to reconstruct hydroclimate changes including changes in moisture source regions. Modern vegetation in the catchment are also studied to provide context for the downcore  record. Data from Zaca Lake core 1C (USC-ZACA09-1C), 8.2 Ha lake area, 12m water depth.
This record extends to 872cm depth and 2932 years.
DOI: 10.25921/s4sf-b659
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Western Tropical Pacific SST and Isotope Data From MD98-2181 During the Holocene

description: We investigate the relationship between tropical Pacific and Southern Ocean variability during the Holocene using the stable oxygen isotope and magnesium/calcium records of co-occurring planktonic and benthic foraminifera from a marine sediment core collected in the western equatorial Pacific. The planktonic record exhibits millennial-scale sea surface temperature (SST) oscillations over the Holocene of ~0.5°C while the benthic δ18Oc document ~0.10‰ millennial-scale changes of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), a water mass which outcrops in the Southern Ocean. Solar forcing as an explanation for millennial-scale SST variability requires (1) a large climate sensitivity and (2) a long 400-year delayed response, suggesting that if solar forcing is the cause of the variability, it would need to be considerably amplified by processes within the climate system at least at the core location. We also explore the possibility that SST variability arose from volcanic forcing using a simple red noise model. Our best estimates of volcanic forcing falls short of reproducing the amplitude of observed SST variations although it produces power at low-frequency similar to that observed in the MD81 record. Although we cannot totally discount the volcanic and solar forcing hypotheses, we are left to consider that the most plausible source for Holocene millennial-scale variability lies within the climate system itself. In particular, UCDW variability coincided with deep North Atlantic changes, indicating a role for the deep ocean in Holocene millennial-scale variability.
description: Benthic (Cibicicoides mundulus) foraminifera carbon and oxygen isotopes and planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber) Mg/Ca and carbon and oxygen isotopes from a sediment core recovered from the Davao Gulf (South of Mindanao) in the western tropical Pacific in 1998. The data are analyzed to investigate millennial-scale variability in surface and deep water during the Holocene. The record is 10,000-year long. Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses were performed at the University of Southern California. Isotopic values are reported in delta notation relative to the Vienna PeeBee Belemnite (VPDB) isotopic standard. The Mg/Ca analyses were performed at the University of Southern California. The 14C chemistry was performed at NOSAMS (WHOI) and the University of California Irvine. 14C dates were converted to calendar ages using the Marine09 calibration curve from Reimer et al. (2009). The foraminifera geochemistry was converted from the depth domain to the time domain by using a spline interpolation between 14C dates. Age model uncertainty was assessed through Monte-Carlo simulations.
DOI: 10.25921/semw-e628
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Florida Straits Benthic Isotope Data Over the Last 40,000 Years

description: Heinrich events—surges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean—punctuated the last glacial period. The events are associated with millennial-scale cooling in the Northern Hemisphere. Fresh water from the melting icebergs is thought to have interrupted the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, thus minimizing heat transport into the northern North Atlantic. The northward flow of warm water passes through the Florida Straits and is reflected in the distribution of seawater properties in this region. Here we investigate the northward flow through this region over the past 40,000 years using oxygen isotope measurements of benthic foraminifera from two cores on either side of the Florida Straits. These measurements allow us to estimate water density, which is related to flow through the thermal wind balance. We infer a substantial reduction of flow during Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas cooling, but little change during Heinrich Events 2 and 3, which occurred during an especially cold phase of the last glacial period. We speculate that because glacial circulation was already weakened before the onset of Heinrich Events 2 and 3, freshwater forcing had little additional effect. However, low-latitude climate perturbations were observed during all events. We therefore suggest that these perturbations may not have been directly caused by changes in heat transport associated with Atlantic overturning circulation as commonly assumed.
DOI: 10.25921/s33h-2r54
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Colenutt - Summit Lake - LALY - ITRDB CANA420

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Cores are stored at:
# # University of Western Ontario
# # 
# # References:
# # Colenutt M.  2000.  
# # Climate reconstruction in the southern Canadian Rockies using tree-ring data from alpine larch.  
# # PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.