DOI: 10.5061/dryad.47d7wm3rv
title: Data from: Testing adaptive hypotheses for an evolutionarily conserved trait through slow-motion videos of pollinators

description: Traits conserved across evolutionary time often provide compelling
 examples of key adaptations for a given taxonomic group. Tetradynamy is
 the presence of four long stamens plus two short stamens within a flower
 and is conserved across most of the roughly 4000 species in the mustard
 family, Brassicaceae. While this differentiation in stamens is
 hypothesized to play a role in pollination efficiency, very little is
 known about the potential function of the two stamen types. The present
 study sheds new light on this mystery using wild radish (Raphanus
 raphanistrum), a widespread and well-studied tetradynamous plant. We used
 data collected from slow-motion videos of pollinators visiting wild radish
 flowers to test three non-mutually exclusive adaptive hypotheses: 1) short
 and long stamens are specialized for either feeding or pollinating, 2)
 short and long stamens are specialized for different pollinator taxa, and
 3) the presence of short and long stamens increases pollinator movement
 and thus effectiveness. We find evidence consistent with hypothesis three,
 but no evidence for hypotheses one or two. Thus, tetradynamy may be an
 adaptation for generalized pollination, enabling effective visits by the
 variety of pollinators visiting most species of Brassicaceae.
description: # Data from: Testing adaptive hypotheses for an evolutionarily conserved
 trait through slow-motion videos of pollinators The data contained in
 these files was generated from close observation of slow-motion video
 footage by the same experimenter for each variable. ## Description of
 Files ### MainData.csv Data related to slow-motion video analysis,
 including plant information, anther and stigma contact, and number of
 movements Missing data are indicated by "NA" #### Basic Video
 Info in Columns A:F * VideoID: unique individual video identifier *
 PlantID: unique individual plant identifier with the following format -
 "PopulationCode FamilyCode-Replicate" * PopulationCode: BINY =
 natural population, Sep = separation-selected, Exsertion =
 exsertion-selected * FamilyCode: unique 3-5 character code for a given
 maternal seed family * Replicate: individual plant number between 0 and 9,
 where replicate 0 is indicated by the lack of a hyphen and number * Date:
 date of observations * Year: year of observations * Pollinator: taxa of
 visiting pollinator * VideoLength: total length of visit in 1/8 real-time
 seconds #### Feeding Info in Columns G:N * G:K are binary columns in which
 1 indicates the visit included foraging in the given category, 0 indicates
 lack of foraging, and ? indicates uncertainty ("Short" = short
 stamen anthers, "Long" = long stamen anthers) * L:N summarize
 the info from G:K in different ways * Foraging: whether the visit included
 foraging on nectar, pollen, or both * Feed_All: for visits including
 pollen-foraging, whether foraging was on short stamen anthers, long stamen
 anthers, or both * Feed_Bin: same as Feed_All but groups "Long"
 and "Short" into "One" #### Contact Info in Columns
 O:AM Columns have the following format:
 "ResponseVariable_BodySection_FlowerPart" * ResponseVariable is
 what kind of contact is being recorded and can take three values: * sec:
 duration of contact in 1/8 real-time seconds * bin: binary contact, 1 =
 contacted and 0 = not contacted * n: count of body sections contacted
 (sums binary contact with Legs, Ventral, Side) * BodySection is the part
 of the pollinator body contacted and can take four values: Ventral, Side,
 Legs, or Total (sum of prior 3) * FlowerPart is the part of the flower
 contacted by the pollinator and can take 4 values: S (short stamen
 anthers), L (long stamen anthers), Stigma, or Anthers (both short and long
 stamen anthers) #### Movement Info in Columns AN:AR * Between_Moves: # of
 movements from feeding on one stamen to another * Within_Moves: # of
 movements within stamen types, combining movements from long to long
 stamen ("Long.Long_Moves") and movements from short to short
 stamen ("Short.Short_Moves") * Total_Moves: total # of movements
 from one stamen to another ### DyeSwab.csv Data from small preliminary
 test in which 3 bees were swabbed with gelatin cubes after visiting
 flowers with short and long stamens marked with different colors of
 fluorescent dye. * ID: unique individual bee identifier * BodySection: the
 body section swabbed * NParticles: count of dye particles contained in
 gelatin swab * StamenType: type of stamen matching the color of counted
 particles ### Final_Analysis_Dryad.R R script of all analyses used in the
 paper. * Details provided as comments within script. * The script was run
 in RStudio running R v. 4.4.2.