cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8n3d110
title: Data from: Intraspecific variation in herbivore-induced plant volatiles influences the spatial range of plant-parasitoid interactions

description: Chemical information influences the behaviour of many animals, thus
 affecting species interactions. Many animals forage for resources that are
 heterogeneously distributed in space and time, and have evolved foraging
 behaviour that utilizes information related to these resources.
 Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), emitted by plants upon
 herbivore attack, provide information on herbivory to various animal
 species, including parasitoids. Little is known about the spatial scale at
 which plants attract parasitoids via HIPVs under field conditions and how
 intraspecific variation in HIPV emission affects this spatial scale. Here,
 we investigated the spatial scale of parasitoid attraction to two cabbage
 accessions that differ in relative preference of the parasitoid Cotesia
 glomerata when plants were damaged by Pieris brassicae caterpillars.
 Parasitoids were released in a field experiment with plants at distances
 of up to 60 m from the release site using intervals between plants of 10
 or 20 m to assess parasitism rates over time and distance. Additionally,
 we observed host-location behaviour of parasitoids in detail in a
 semi-field tent experiment with plant spacing up to 8 m. Plant accession
 strongly affected successful host location in field set-ups with 10 or 20
 m intervals between plants. In the semi-field set-up, plant finding
 success by parasitoids decreased with increasing plant spacing, differed
 between plant accessions, and was higher for host-infested plants than for
 uninfested plants. We demonstrate that parasitoids can be attracted to
 herbivore-infested plants over large distances (10m or 20m) in the field,
 and that stronger plant attractiveness via HIPVs increases this distance
 (up to at least 20m). Our study indicates that variation in plant traits
 can affect attraction distance, movement patterns of parasitoids, and
 ultimately spatial patterns of plant-insect interactions. It is therefore
 important to consider plant-trait variation in HIPVs when studying animal
 foraging behaviour and multi-trophic interactions in a spatial context.
description: Wagon Wheel
 DataData belonging to the
 field experiment with wagon wheel set up. Parasitism rates of recollected
 Pieris brassicae caterpillars from fields after release of Cotesia
 glomerata parasitoids. See read me file for explanation of the
 columns.WagonWheelDataOikos.csvWagon Wheel Data Background CheckData belonging to the field experiment with wagon wheel set up. Data on parasitism rates of caterpillars recollected before releasing Cotesia glomerata parasitoids, indicated whether any background parasitism occured. See readme file for more information.WagonWheelDataOikos_BackgroundCheck.csvTent Experiment DataData on Cotesia glomerata foraging behaviour in semifield conditions (tent experiment). See readme for details on columns.TentExperimentDataOikos.csv
DOI: 10.57760/sciencedb.nprd.00060
title: Effect of midazolam on lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury by regulating the AMPK/NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway
title: 咪达唑仑调控AMPK/NRF2/HO-1信号通路对脂多糖诱导的肺泡上皮细胞损伤的影响

description: Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of midazolam (MDZ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury by regulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. mouse alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12 cells) were divided into five groups: control group, LPS group, low-dose MDZ group (6 µmol/L), high-dose MDZ group (12 µmol/L), and high-dose MDZ + AMPK inhibitor DOR group. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indices, as well as the protein expressions of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), total AMPK, NRF2 and HO-1 were detected by MTT, Annexin V-FITC, ELISA and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that compared with the LPS group, both low and high-doses of MDZ significantly increased the cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the ratios of p-AMPK to AMPK as well as the protein levels of NRF2 and HO-1 (P &lt; 0.05), while decreased the apoptosis rate and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, DOR reversed the ameliorating effects of high-dose MDZ on the above indicators (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, MDZ can alleviate LPS-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury by activating the AMPK/NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
description: Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of midazolam (MDZ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury by regulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. mouse alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12 cells) were divided into five groups: control group, LPS group, low-dose MDZ group (6 µmol/L), high-dose MDZ group (12 µmol/L), and high-dose MDZ + AMPK inhibitor DOR group. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indices, as well as the protein expressions of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), total AMPK, NRF2 and HO-1 were detected by MTT, Annexin V-FITC, ELISA and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that compared with the LPS group, both low and high-doses of MDZ significantly increased the cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the ratios of p-AMPK to AMPK as well as the protein levels of NRF2 and HO-1 (P &lt; 0.05), while decreased the apoptosis rate and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, DOR reversed the ameliorating effects of high-dose MDZ on the above indicators (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, MDZ can alleviate LPS-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury by activating the AMPK/NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5n8v4
title: Data from: Responses of macroinvertebrate communities to small dam removals: implications for bioassessment and restoration

description: 1.Small dam removals are increasing on a global scale; yet general
 predictions of organism response to dam removal are constrained by
 heterogeneity of study designs, implementation strategies, geographies,
 and characteristics of dams and their removals. 2.Macroinvertebrate data
 extracted from 29 studies including 34 small dam removals over a broad
 geographical range was re-analysed utilizing dam removal effect sizes (a
 quantified change from before to after removal). Effect sizes of 10
 metrics of community structure were calculated to investigate the
 spatiotemporal extent of small dam removal effects and if responses differ
 with characteristics of the dam and environmental settings. 3.We found
 that dam removal had initial negative effects on total macroinvertebrate
 density and EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) density, both
 downstream and upstream; however recovery to pre-removal values was
 reached and exceeded after ca 15-20 months. Mean annual discharge, land
 use in the catchment, and distance from the dam affected the magnitude and
 direction of responses of four community metrics: total density, EPT
 density, %EPT density, and Family Biotic Index. 4.Synthesis and
 applications. Our study provides evidence that macroinvertebrate community
 recovery from dam removal is mediated by catchment characteristics and
 system size, which may correlate with sediment flushing efficiency.
 Negative impacts were observed in smaller systems or those with a high
 percentage of undisturbed catchment areas, conditions that may benefit
 from sediment management prior to dam removal. Significant responses in
 reaches upstream of the impoundment clearly indicate that caution be
 applied to interpretations of response in sampling designs that utilize
 upstream sites for reference condition.
description: Environmental and Effect
 size dataThe data includes effect
 sizes of macroinvertebrate community responses to dam removals and the
 related geographic, environmental, spatial, temporal, sampling method, and
 taxonomic resolution information.data for
 archive.xlsx
DOI: 10.57760/sciencedb.35957
title: All Grades for Principles of Economics Classes
title: All Grades for Principles of Economics Classes

description: Data includes all exam and asisgnment grades of two international classes for the course of principles of economics.
description: Data includes all exam and asisgnment grades of two international classes for the course of principles of economics.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q3ng0
title: Data from: Deep mitochondrial introgression and hybridization among ecologically divergent vole species

description: The completion of speciation is typically difficult to ascertain in
 rapidly diverging taxa but the amount of hybridization and gene flow in
 sympatry or parapatry contains important information about the level of
 reproductive isolation achieved. Here we examined the progress in
 speciation between the Mediterranean (Microtus duodecimcostatus) and the
 Lusitanian pine vole (M. lusitanicus) which are part of the most rapid
 radiation of species known in mammals. These two Iberian pine voles are
 classified as separate species because of differences in morphology and
 ecology, but relatively many ambiguous individuals can be found in
 sympatric conditions. Our phylogenetic analyses of rangewide data from the
 mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) demonstrated high levels of
 diversity and a basal separation in two parapatric lineages. However,
 mtDNA affiliation was at odds with morphological classification or
 geographical distribution of the taxa. In contrast, statistical analyses
 of microsatellites (nucDNA) showed two clear genetic clusters in allopatry
 and sympatry generally matching morphological classification. This
 cytonuclear discordance over a large geographic area suggests historical
 introgression of mtDNA from M. duodecimcostatus to M. lusitanicus. There
 was statistical evidence for at least two recent hybrids in the sympatry
 zone but gene flow is apparently low given clear-cut differences in
 nucDNA. Our results indicate a relatively advanced speciation process in
 these Iberian pine voles without fully established reproductive isolation.
 This situation enables use of combined population genomic and experimental
 approaches for the separation of patterns and mechanisms in the ongoing
 explosive diversification of these and other Arvicoline rodents in the
 future.
description: CBSilveira el al
 2012The file contains data
 from 295 individuals genotyped for 13 microsatellite (127 Microtus
 duodecimcostatus MD), 104 Microtus lusitanicus (ML) and 52 individuals for
 which assignment to either species based on morphology was difficult here
 termed Microtus sp (M)). First line contains microsatellite names. Each
 microsatellite has two columns one for each allele genotyped. Empty cell
 represents no data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.th274
title: Data from: Taxonomic composition and body-mass distribution in the terminal Pleistocene mammalian fauna from the Marmes site, southeastern Washington state, U.S.A.

description: Mean adult body mass of mammal taxa is a fundamental ecological variable.
 Variability in the distributions of body masses of a mammal fauna suggest
 variability in habitat structure. Mammal remains from the Marmes
 archaeological site in southeastern Washington State date between 13,200
 and 10,400 b.p., during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (PHT). Known
 environmental history prompts the expectations that the Marmes PHT mammal
 remains should represent greater species richness and a larger array of
 body-mass sizes than modern faunas in the Marmes locale and in open
 shrub-steppe habitats, and lower species richness and a smaller array of
 body-mass sizes than modern faunas in closed forest habitats; species
 richness and the array of body-mass sizes should be similar to that for a
 mixed habitat of cool shrub-steppe with scattered conifers. The Marmes PHT
 cenogram meets these expectations. Body-mass clumps displayed by the
 Marmes PHT mammal fauna fall between those of closed forests and open
 shrub-steppe habitats in terms of clump richness and breadth, and in terms
 of gap width. Marmes PHT body-mass clumps are very similar to those for
 the mixed habitat. Cenograms and body-mass clumps confirm conclusions
 drawn 40 years ago that the Marmes PHT habitat was much like that of today
 but cooler and with more plant biomass and greater structural diversity
 than today.
description: Supplementary Table
 1
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m02bt
title: Data from: Secondary reproduction in the herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata: time-constrained primary reproduction does not result in increased deferral of reproductive effort

description: Background: Although semelparity is a life history characterized by a
 single reproductive episode within a single reproductive season, some
 semelparous organisms facultatively express a second bout of reproduction,
 either in a subsequent season (“facultative iteroparity”) or later within
 the same season as the primary bout (“secondary reproduction”). Secondary
 reproduction has been explained as the adaptive deferral of reproductive
 potential under circumstances in which some fraction of reproductive
 success would otherwise have been lost (due, for example, to inopportune
 timing). This deferral hypothesis predicts a positive relationship between
 constraints on primary reproduction and expression of secondary
 reproduction. The herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata has been observed
 occasionally to express a secondary reproductive episode in the field.
 However, it is unknown whether secondary reproduction is an example of
 adaptive reproductive deferral, or is more parsimoniously explained as the
 vestigial expression of iteroparity after a recent transition to
 semelparity. Here, we experimentally manipulate effective season length in
 each of three years to test whether secondary reproduction is a form of
 adaptive plasticity consistent with the deferral hypothesis. Results: Our
 results were found to be inconsistent with the adaptive deferral
 explanation: first, plants whose primary reproduction was time-constrained
 exhibited decreased (not increased) allocation to subsequent secondary
 reproduction, a result that was consistent across all three years; second,
 secondary offspring—although viable in the laboratory—would not have the
 opportunity for expression under field conditions, and would thus not
 contribute to reproductive success. Conclusions: Although alternative
 adaptive explanations for secondary reproduction cannot be precluded, we
 conclude that the characteristics of secondary reproduction found in L.
 inflata are consistent with predictions of incomplete or transitional
 evolution to annual semelparity.
description: Data describing
 secondary reproduction in Lobelia inflataDataset for Lobelia
 inflata individuals exhibiting secondary reproduction. Data includes year,
 bolting month, prebolting rosette size, number of fruits produced during
 secondary reproduction, and total fruits produced.LinflataSREdata.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cr571
title: Data from: Degree of host susceptibility in the initial disease outbreak influences subsequent epidemic spread

description: 1. Disease epidemics typically begin as an outbreak of a relatively small,
 spatially explicit population of infected individuals (focus), in which
 disease prevalence increases and rapidly spreads into the uninfected,
 at-risk population. Studies of epidemic spread typically address factors
 influencing disease spread through the at-risk population, but the initial
 outbreak may strongly influence spread of the subsequent epidemic. 2. We
 initiated wheat stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici epidemics
 to assess the influence of the focus on final disease prevalence when the
 degree of disease susceptibility differed between the at-risk and focus
 populations. 3. When the focus/at-risk plantings consisted of partially
 genetic resistant and susceptible cultivars, final disease prevalence was
 statistically indistinguishable from epidemics produced by the focus
 cultivar in monoculture. In these experimental epidemics, disease
 prevalence was not influenced by the transition into an at-risk population
 that differed in disease susceptibility. Instead, the focus appeared to
 exert a dominant influence on the subsequent epidemic. 4. Final disease
 prevalence was not consistently attributable to either the focus or the
 at-risk population when focus/at-risk populations were planted in a
 factorial set-up with a mixture (~28% susceptible and 72% resistant) and
 susceptible individuals. In these experimental epidemics, spatial
 heterogeneity in disease susceptibility within the at-risk population
 appeared to counter the dominant influence of the focus. 5. Cessation of
 spore production from the focus (through fungicide/glyphosate application)
 after 1.3 generations of stripe rust spread did not reduce final disease
 prevalence, indicating that the focus influence on disease spread is
 established early in the epidemic. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our
 experiments indicated that outbreak conditions can be highly influential
 on epidemic spread, even when disease resistance in the at-risk population
 is greater than that of the focus. Disease control treatments administered
 shortly after the initial outbreak within the focus may either prevent an
 epidemic from occurring or reduce its severity.
description: Severns et al. 2014
 Journal of Applied Ecology data set for DryadDisease severity data
 for experimentally initiated wheat stripe rust outbreaks and the
 distribution of disease on susceptible wheat hosts between 4.0 and 4.5
 generations of disease build-up and spread.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n4h2
title: Data from: A few large roads or many small ones? How to accommodate growth in vehicle numbers to minimise impacts on wildlife

description: Roads and vehicular traffic are among the most pervasive of threats to
 biodiversity because they fragmenting habitat, increasing mortality and
 opening up new areas for the exploitation of natural resources. However,
 the number of vehicles on roads is increasing rapidly and this is likely
 to continue into the future, putting increased pressure on wildlife
 populations. Consequently, a major challenge is the planning of road
 networks to accommodate increased numbers of vehicles, while minimising
 impacts on wildlife. Nonetheless, we currently have few principles for
 guiding decisions on road network planning to reduce impacts on wildlife
 in real landscapes. We addressed this issue by developing an approach for
 quantifying the impact on wildlife mortality of two alternative mechanisms
 for accommodating growth in vehicle numbers: (1) increasing the number of
 roads, and (2) increasing traffic volumes on existing roads. We applied
 this approach to a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population in eastern
 Australia and quantified the relative impact of each strategy on
 mortality. We show that, in most cases, accommodating growth in traffic
 through increases in volumes on existing roads has a lower impact than
 building new roads. An exception is where the existing road network has
 very low road density, but very high traffic volumes on each road. These
 findings have important implications for how we design road networks to
 reduce their impacts on biodiversity.
description: Koala habitat map and
 road traffic volumes, Port Stephens, AustraliaThis zipped data file
 contains two ESRI spatial layers: (1) a raster layer of koala habitat in
 Port Stephens, Australia, and (2) a shapefile of road trafiic volumes
 (axle-pairs per day) on major roads in Port Stephens,
 Australia.data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ff1tn05
title: Data from: Calling in the heat: the zebra finch ‘incubation call’ depends on heat but not reproductive stage

description: Environmental conditions during early development can profoundly impact an
 organism’s phenotype, potentially resulting in future adaptations.
 Offspring can often obtain environmental information directly, but in some
 cases rely on parental cues or signals. It was recently suggested that at
 high ambient temperatures zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) parents use
 acoustic signals (‘incubation calls’ or hereon ‘v-calls’) to adaptively
 alter offspring development for hot conditions. However, this conclusion
 requires a thorough understanding of the timing and production of the
 call. In this study we use audio recordings (1696 hours) from within wild
 zebra finch nest boxes, and of non-breeding captive zebra finches
 experimentally exposed to heat, to characterise the circumstances under
 which v-calls are produced. V-call incidence was positively related to
 ambient temperature in the wild and captivity, confirming that v-calls are
 temperature dependent. However, v-calls were not limited to late
 incubation (as previously suggested) and were instead produced throughout
 incubation and chick rearing in the wild, and by non-breeding captive
 adults. Videos of the captive birds revealed that v-calls were produced
 during ‘bouts’ of panting. We found no evidence that during v-call
 production breathing patterns were being altered from that optimal for
 panting and typical of quiet respiration (1:1 inspiration:expiration).
 While embryos may gather climatic information from this heat-related call,
 it is produced over a range of conditions so is unlikely to be a
 specifically evolved signal for offspring programming. The idea that
 parents use specifically evolved signals to provide offspring with climate
 information requires further study.
description: Data1 Wild
 RecordingsContains data from audio
 recordings made within the nest boxes of breeding wild zebra
 finches.Data1WildRecordingAllHours.csvData 2 ibutton temperature dataContains hourly temperature data from within nest boxes for a subset of the overall nests monitored in this paper.Data2ibuttonTemp.csvData 3 Wild Daily TemperatureContains daily maximum ambient temperature in the shade, from the Bureau of Meteorology within 20km of the study site, and the presence/absence of v-calls at each nest box for each date.Data3WildDailydata.csvData 4 Lab Temperature V-CallsContains data on v-call production by captive zebra finches exposed to four temperature treatments.Data4LabTemperatureVCalls.csvData 5 Breath LengthsContains data on inspiration and expiration lengths of a focal zebra finch during panting and v-call production.Data5BreathLengths.csvData 6 README MetadataThis contains column title descriptions for Data files 1-5.Data6Metadata.csv