cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.834g5n6
title: Data from: Pleistocene climate change and phylogeographic structure of the Gymnocarpos przewalskii (Caryophyllaceae) in the northwest China: Evidence from plastid DNA, ITS sequences, and Microsatellite

description: Northwestern China has a wealth of endemic species, which has been
 hypothesized to be affected by the complex paleoclimatic and
 paleogeographic history during Quaternary. In this paper, we used
 Gymnocarpos przewalskii as a model to address the evolutionary history and
 current population genetic structure of species in northwestern China. We
 employed two chloroplast DNA fragments (rps16 and psbB‐psbI), one nuclear
 DNA fragment (ITS), and simple sequence repeat (SSRs) to investigate the
 spatial genetic pattern of G. przewalskii. High genetic diversity (cpDNA:
 hS = 0.330, hT = 0.866; ITS: hS = 0.458, hT = 0.872) was identified in
 almost all populations, and most of the population have private
 haplotypes. Moreover, multimodal mismatch distributions were observed and
 estimates of Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests did not identify
 significantly departures from neutrality, indicating that recent expansion
 of G. przewalskii was rejected. Thus, we inferred that G. przewalskii
 survived generally in northwestern China during the Pleistocene. All data
 together support the genotypes of G. przewalskii into three groups,
 consistent with their respective geographical distributions in the western
 regions—Tarim Basin, the central regions—Hami Basin and Hexi Corridor, and
 the eastern regions—Alxa Desert and Wulate Prairie. Divergence among most
 lineages of G. przewalskii occurred in the Pleistocene, and the range of
 potential distributions is associated with glacial cycles. We concluded
 that climate oscillation during Pleistocene significantly affected the
 distribution of the species.
description: Gymnocarpos przewalskii
 ssrSSR data for Gymnocarpos
 przewalskii
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bm1vj4p
title: Data from: Experimentally induced anti-predator responses are mediated by social and environmental factors

description: Nest predation is a common cause of reproductive failure for many bird
 species, and various anti-predator defense behaviors have evolved to
 reduce the risk of nest predation. However, trade-offs between current
 reproductive duties and future reproduction often limit the parent’s
 ability to respond to nest predation risk. Individual responses to
 experimentally increased nest predation risk can give insights into these
 trade-offs. Here, we investigate whether social and ecological factors
 affect individual responses to predation risk by experimentally
 manipulating the risk of nest predation using taxidermic mounts in the
 cooperative breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). Our
 results show that dominant females, but not males, alarm called more often
 when they confront a nest predator model alone than when they do so with a
 partner, and that individuals that confront a predator together attacked
 more than those that did so alone. Dominant males increased their
 anti-predator defense by spending more time nest guarding after a
 presentation with a nest predator, compared to a non-predator control, but
 no such effect was found for females, who did not increase the time spent
 incubating. In contrast to incubation by females, nest guarding responses
 by dominant males depended on the presence of other group members and food
 availability. These results suggest that while female investment in
 incubation is always high and not dependent on social and ecological
 conditions, males have a lower initial investment, which allows them to
 respond to sudden changes in nest predation risk.
description: attacks and alarms
 datathis data file contains
 field data on attacks and alarm calls of individual Seychelles warblers
 collected in the field.attacks_alarms_data.xlsxincubation datathis file contains data of female nest investment before and after experimentally increasing nest predation riskincubation_data.xlsxnestguarding datathis file contains data of male nest investment before and after experimentally increasing nest predation risknestguarding_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6c13n16
title: Data from: Nineteen years of consistently positive and strong female mate preferences despite individual variation

description: Sexual selection driven by mate choice has generated some of the most
 astounding diversity in nature, suggesting population-level preferences
 should be strong and consistent over many generations. On the other hand,
 mating preferences are among the least repeatable components of an
 individual animal’s phenotype, suggesting low consistency across an
 animal’s lifetime. Despite decades of intensive study of sexual selection
 there is almost no information about the strength and consistency of
 preferences across many years. In this study we present the results of
 over 5000 mate choice tests with a species of wild frog conducted over 19
 consecutive years. Results show that preferences are positive and strong
 and vary little across years. This consistency is despite the fact that
 there are substantial differences among females in their strength of
 preference. We also suggest mate preferences in populations that are
 primarily the result of sensory exploitation might be more stable over
 time compared to preferences that are primarily involved in assessing male
 quality.
description: Ryan-IndividualVariationData19 years of data on the preference of female túngara frogs for simple versus complex calls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sg4m5h0
title: Data from: Long-term prevalence data reveals spillover dynamics in a multi-host (Artemia), multi-parasite (Microsporidia) community

description: In the study of multi-host parasites, it is often found that host species
 contribute asymmetrically to parasite transmission. Yet in natural
 populations, identifying which hosts contribute to parasite transmission
 and maintenance is a recurring challenge. Here, we approach this issue by
 taking advantage of natural variation in the composition of a host
 community. We studied the brine shrimps Artemia franciscana and Artemia
 parthenogenetica and their microsporidian parasites Anostracospora rigaudi
 and Enterocytospora artemiae. Previous laboratory experiments had shown
 that each host can transmit both parasites, but could not predict their
 actual contributions to the parasites’ maintenance in the field. To
 resolve this, we gathered long-term prevalence data from a metacommunity
 of these species. Metacommunity patches could contain either or both of
 the Artemia host species, so that the presence of the hosts could be
 linked directly to the persistence of the parasites. First, we show that
 the microsporidian A. rigaudi is a spillover parasite: it was unable to
 persist in the absence of its maintenance host A. parthenogenetica. This
 result was particularly striking, as A. rigaudi displayed both high
 prevalence (in the field) and high infectivity (when tested in the
 laboratory) in both hosts. Moreover, the seasonal presence of A.
 parthenogenetica imposed seasonality on the rate of spillover, causing
 cyclical pseudo-endemics in the spillover host A. franciscana. Second,
 while our prevalence data was sufficient to identify E. artemiae as either
 a spillover or a facultative multi-host parasite, we could not distinguish
 between the two possibilities. This study supports the importance of
 studying the community context of multi-host parasites, and demonstrates
 that in appropriate multi-host systems, sampling across a range of
 conditions and host communities can lead to clear conclusions about the
 drivers of parasite persistence.
description: experiment 1 -
 analysisexperiment 1 -
 dataexperiment 2 -
 analysisexperiment 2 -
 datafield prevalence -
 analysisfield prevalence -
 dataReadMe
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h18c66b
title: Data from: An atlas of polygenic risk score associations to highlight putative causal relationships across the human phenome

description: The age of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has provided
 us with an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the genetic liability of
 complex disease using polygenic risk scores (PRS). In this study, we have
 analysed 162 PRS (p&lt;5×10−05) derived from GWAS and 551 heritable
 traits from the UK Biobank study (N = 334,398). Findings can be
 investigated using a web application
 (http://mrcieu.mrsoftware.org/PRS_atlas/), which we envisage will help
 uncover both known and novel mechanisms which contribute towards disease
 susceptibility. To demonstrate this, we have investigated the results from
 a phenome-wide evaluation of schizophrenia genetic liability. Amongst
 findings were inverse associations with measures of cognitive function
 which extensive follow-up analyses using Mendelian randomization (MR)
 provided evidence of a causal relationship. We have also investigated the
 effect of multiple risk factors on disease using mediation and
 multivariable MR frameworks. Our atlas provides a resource for future
 endeavours seeking to unravel the causal determinants of complex disease.
description: 5e05.txtPRS results using P&lt;5e05 threshold. These data are derived from the UK Biobank Resource as part of projects 8786 and 15825.5e08.txtPRS results using P&lt;5e08 threshold. These data are derived from the UK Biobank Resource as part of projects 8786 and 15825.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.55ks141
title: Data from: A consistent species richness-climate relationship for oaks across the Northern Hemisphere

description: Aim: Although the effects of climate on species richness are known,
 regional processes may lead to different species richness-climate
 relationships across continents resulting in species richness anomalies,
 especially for tropical groups. Phylogenetic niche conservatism may also
 influence species richness-climate relationships of different lineages.
 Here, we tested whether regional effects also exist for temperate lineages
 using the genus Quercus. Location: Northern Hemisphere Time period:
 Present day Major taxa studied: Quercus (Fagaceae) Methods: We used a
 dated phylogeny and distribution data for Quercus to evaluate its global
 species richness patterns and phylogenetic niche conservatism. To evaluate
 the consistency in species richness-climate relationships across
 continents of the genus Quercus as a whole and the temperate subgenus
 Quercus, we conducted analyses of covariance with continent as the
 categorical variable and climate variables as the covariate. We calibrated
 four widely used models using the global data or data from each continent
 separately and evaluated the predictive power of each model for different
 continents using the root mean squared error. Results: The relationships
 between species richness and climate were insignificantly different among
 continents for both the genus Quercus as a whole and the subgenus Quercus.
 Unlike the models based on European data, those based on North American
 and eastern Asian data predicted both the global species richness and the
 richness in other continents. The species richness of a subtropical
 subgenus Cyclobalanospsis was most influenced by water availability, while
 that of a temperate subgenus Quercus was most influenced by environmental
 temperature. Conclusion: In contrast to the subtropical subgenus
 Cyclobalanospsis, our results showed a consistent richness-climate
 relationship and absence of regional effects on species richness across
 continents for the temperate subgenus Quercus, likely suggesting that the
 species richness of temperate lineages, e.g. subgenus Quercus, may have
 reached equilibrium with the contemporary climate in the Northern
 Hemisphere.
description: Global Distributions of
 Quercus speciesGlobal distribution of
 Quercus updated based on Xu et al. (2016). (Xu, X., Wang, Z., Rahbek, C.,
 Sanders, N.J. & Fang, J. (2016) Geographical variation in the
 importance of water and energy for oak diversity. Journal of Biogeography,
 43, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12620)Appendix1_Species
 Distribution.xlsxSpecies climatic
 nicheSpecies affinities for
 six groups of Quercus and their climatic nicheAppendix
 3_species_niche_20181204.xlsPhylogenetic tree of
 QuercusPhylogenetic tree of
 Quercus in newick format.Appendix 4
 QuercusSuperTree3.tre
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6pm117m
title: Data from: Areal differences in depth cue integration between monkey and human

description: Electrophysiological evidence suggested primarily the involvement of area
 MT in depth cue integration in macaques, as opposed to human imaging data
 pinpointing area V3B/KO. To clarify this conundrum, we decoded monkey fMRI
 responses evoked by stimuli signaling near or far depths defined by
 binocular disparity, relative motion and their combination, and we
 compared results with those from an identical experiment previously
 performed in humans.Responses in macaque area MT are more discriminable
 when two cues concurrently signal depth, and information provided by one
 cue is diagnostic of depth indicated by the other. This suggests that
 monkey area MT computes fusion of disparity and motion depth signals,
 exactly as shown for human area V3B/KO. Hence, these data reconcile
 previously reported discrepancies between depth processing in human and
 monkey by showing the involvement of the dorsal stream in depth cue
 integration using the same technique, despite the engagement of different
 regions.
description: data describing fig 1-8
 and sfig 1-12data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.98gp587
title: Data from: Contribution of predation to the biological control of a key herbivorous pest in citrus agroecosystems

description: Biological control has traditionally simplified the view of trophic
 relationships between herbivorous pests and their natural enemies in
 agriculture. The success or failure of this pest management strategy is
 still mainly attributed to the ability of a few key natural enemies to
 suppress the pest density. For example, successful regulation of the
 California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) a key citrus pest, is generally
 credited to specific parasitoids of the Aphytis genus. Currently, research
 is revealing how herbivore regulation in agroecosystems can be
 alternatively achieved with a greater number of trophic associations
 within the system. The goals of the present study were: i) to unravel
 species‐specific trophic links between A. aurantii, and its natural
 enemies in citrus agroecosystems, and ii) to assess their contribution to
 control of A. aurantii. Predation and parasitism of this herbivorous pest
 were assessed through exclusion experiments. Species‐specific trophic
 links between this herbivorous pest and its natural enemies were studied
 using gut‐content analysis of field collected predators employing prey
 specific DNA molecular markers. Relative predation rates of the species
 involved in A. aurantii regulation were estimated. Predation was found to
 be the main biotic component of A. aurantii mortality, causing reductions
 of more than 75% in recently settled cohorts. Aonidiella aurantii DNA was
 detected in the digestive system of 11 species of predators. Generalist
 and stenophagous predators, mainly associated with other citrus pests such
 as aphids, proved to be the most important biological control agents of
 this pest. Complex trophic relationships, such as apparent competition
 between two key citrus pests, were revealed. The present study highlights
 the role of predation as biotic mortality factor of key pests in perennial
 agroecosystems; wherein, it is a rich complex of indigenous or naturalized
 generalist predators that are primarily responsible for this mortality.
 The results herein presented may therefore offer another perspective on
 the biological control of one of the key worldwide citrus pests; at least
 in those regions where specific parasitoids are not able to successfully
 regulate the scale populations.
description: Predation of California
 Red ScaleFour datasheets are
 included: 1) California red scale mortality studies with exclusion
 techniques, 2) abundance of predators through stem tap sampling, 3)
 proportion of predators testing positive using PCR for pest DNA detection,
 4) estimation of predation rates using predator abundance and PCR
 results.Data
 Accesibility.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2f253b0
title: Data from: Habitat usage of Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii), common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), and soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) in a North Wales upland river catchment

description: Distributions of Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii), common
 pipistrelle, (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), and soprano pipistrelle
 (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) were investigated along and altitudinal gradient
 of the Lledr River, Conwy, North Wales, and presence assessed in relation
 to the water surface condition, presence/absence of bank‐side trees, and
 elevation. Ultrasound recordings of bats made on timed transects in summer
 1999 were used to quantify habitat usage. All species significantly
 preferred smooth water sections of the river with trees on either one or
 both banks; P. pygmaeus also preferred smooth water with no trees. Bats
 avoided rough and cluttered water areas, as rapids may generate
 high‐frequency echolocation‐interfering noise and cluttered areas present
 obstacles to flight. In lower river regions, detections of bats reflected
 the proportion of suitable habitat available. At higher elevations,
 sufficient habitat was available; however, bats were likely restricted due
 to other factors such as a less predictable food source. This study
 emphasizes the importance of riparian habitat, bank‐side trees, and smooth
 water as foraging habitat for bats in marginal upland areas until a
 certain elevation, beyond which bats in these areas likely cease to
 forage. These small‐scale altitudinal differences in habitat selection
 should be factored in when designing future bat distribution studies and
 taken into consideration by conservation planners when reviewing habitat
 requirements of these species in Welsh river valleys, and elsewhere within
 the United Kingdom.
description: Todd & Williamson
 2019 Habitat use of three species of batThis file contains all
 the data that were used for the analysis of habitat use of three species
 of bat in Wales, UK. Details of each column are found within the README
 file.BatData.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5470b62
title: Data from: Warming reduces the effects of enrichment on stability and functioning across levels of organization in an aquatic microbial ecosystem

description: Warming and nutrient enrichment are major environmental factors shaping
 ecological dynamics. However, cross-scale investigation of their combined
 effects by linking theory and experiments is lacking. We collected data
 from aquatic microbial ecosystems investigating the interactive effects of
 warming (constant and rising temperatures) and enrichment across levels of
 organization and contrasted them with community models based on metabolic
 theory. We found high agreement between our observations and theoretical
 predictions: we observed in many cases the predicted antagonistic effects
 of high temperature and high enrichment across levels of organization.
 Temporal stability of total biomass decreased with warming but did not
 differ across enrichment levels. Constant and rising temperature
 treatments with identical mean temperature did not show qualitative
 differences. Overall, we conclude that model and empirical results are in
 broad agreement due to robustness of the effects of temperature and
 enrichment, that the mitigating effects of temperature on effects of
 enrichment may be common, and that models based on metabolic theory
 provide qualitatively robust predictions of the combined ecological
 effects of enrichment and temperature.
description: all_data_Tabi_et_al_2019 Data file contains biomass data for all species and the area measurement for Colpidium and Dexiostoma. Column descriptions: - samplingday: number of days - temp_treat: temperature treatment - nutrient_treat: nutrient treatment - label: label of the microcosm - species: species in the experiment - treatment: temperature and nutrient treatment combination - Total_BM: total biomass of the microcosm which is the sum of the biomass of bacteria and the protist species - BM: species biomass - Relative_BM: relative biomass calculated as the species biomass divided by the total biomass - mean_area: area of the species measured with video processing techniques (R package BEMOVI (version 1.0.2)) - DO: dissolved oxygen, Rate_of_biotic_act: intrinsic growth rate estimated from the logistic growth model by fitting to the dissolved oxygen time series.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.452n6d3
title: Data from: American marten and fisher do not segregate in space and time during winter in a mixed-forest system

description: Understanding the mechanisms of coexistence between ecologically similar
 species is an important issue in ecology. Carnivore coexistence may be
 facilitated by spatial segregation, temporal avoidance, and differential
 habitat selection. American martens Martes americana and fishers Pekania
 pennanti are medium‐sized mustelids that occur sympatrically across
 portions of North America, yet mechanisms of coexistence between the two
 species are not fully understood. We assessed spatial and temporal
 partitioning in martens and fishers in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan,
 USA, using camera trap data collected during winter 2013–2015. To
 investigate spatial segregation, we used a dynamic occupancy model to
 estimate species’ occupancy probabilities and probabilities of persistence
 and colonization as a function of covariates and yearly occupancy
 probability for the other species. Temporal segregation was assessed by
 estimating diel activity overlap between species. We found weak evidence
 of spatial or temporal niche partitioning of martens and fishers. There
 was high overlap in forest cover selection, and both marten and fisher
 occupancy were positively correlated with deciduous forests (excluding
 aspen [Populus tremuloides]). There was strong temporal overlap
 (equation/ece35097-math-0001.png; CI = 0.79–0.82) with both species
 exhibiting largely crepuscular activity patterns. Co‐occurrence of martens
 and fishers appears to be facilitated by mechanisms not investigated in
 this study, such as partitioning of snow features or diet. Our results add
 additional insights into resource partitioning of mesocarnivores, but
 further research is required to enhance our understanding of mechanisms
 that facilitate marten and fisher coexistence.
description: Marten and fisher
 detection data in the Upper Peninsula of MichiganThis file gives
 covariates, effort, marten detection data, fisher detection data and
 temporal data collected from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan during
 2013-2015. See README file for full description.Croose_et_al_2019_Data_MartenFisherSpatialTemporalPartitioningMichigan.xlsx