DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pf550
title: Data from: Population genomic analyses reveal a history of range expansion and trait evolution across the native and invaded range of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

description: Identifying sources of genetic variation and reconstructing invasion
 routes for non-native introduced species is central to understanding the
 circumstances under which they may evolve increased invasiveness. In this
 study, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to study the
 colonization history of Centaurea solstitialis in its native range in
 Eurasia and invasions into the Americas. We leveraged this information to
 pinpoint key evolutionary shifts in plant size, a focal trait associated
 with invasiveness in this species. Our analyses revealed clear population
 genomic structure of potential source populations in Eurasia, including
 deep differentiation of a lineage found in the southern Apennine and
 Balkan Peninsulas and divergence among populations in Asia, eastern
 Europe, and western Europe. We found strongest support for an evolutionary
 scenario in which western European populations were derived from an
 ancient admixture event between populations from eastern Europe and Asia,
 and subsequently served as the main genetic ‘bridgehead’ for introductions
 to the Americas. Introductions to California appear to be from a single
 source region, and multiple, independent introductions of divergent
 genotypes likely occurred into the Pacific Northwest. Plant size has
 evolved significantly at three points during range expansion, including a
 large size increase in the lineage responsible for the aggressive invasion
 of California's interior. These results reveal a long history of
 colonization, admixture, and trait evolution in C. solstitialis, and
 suggest routes for improving evidence-based management decisions for one
 of the most ecologically and economically damaging invasive species in the
 western United States.
description: YST_Core_N550_1013locSNP data file for STRUCTURE and DAPC analysis of "CORE" data setYST_Full_N591_747locSNP data file for STRUCTURE and DAPC analysis of "FULL" data setYST_Outgroups_N392_440locSNP data file for STRUCTURE and DAPC analysis of "OUTGROUPS" data setYST_Core_N550_1013loc_BAPSSNP data file for BAPS analysis of "CORE" data setYST_Full_N591_747loc_BAPSSNP data file for BAPS analysis of "FULL" data setYST_Outgroups_N392_440loc_BAPSSNP data file for BAPS analysis of "OUTGROUPS" data setYST_Core_N550_1013loc_BayeScanSNP data file for BayeScan analysis of "CORE" data setYST_Core_N550_1013loc_BSYST_Full_N591_752loc_BayeScanSNP data file for BayeScan analysis of "FULL" data setYST_Full_N591_752loc_BSYST_Outgroups_N392_441loc_BayeScanSNP data file for BayeScan analysis of "OUTGROUPS" data setYST_Outgroups_N392_441locYST_Core_N550_HP-rare_8regSNP data file for HP-Rare analysis of "CORE" datasetYST_Core_N550_Arlequin_8regSNP data file for analysis of population genomic diversity and pairwise Fst in ArlequinStacks_commands_YST_3datasetsCommands used for denovo analyses of "FULL", "CORE", and "OUTGROUPS" datasets in STACKS 1.20.Stacks_commands.txtYST_EUR-AM_943loc_ABCSNP data file for DIYABC analysis of YST in both Eurasia and AmericasYST_NoPNW_5reg_943loc_rev.snpYST_EUR_1069loc_ABCSNP data file for DIYABC analysis of YST in three regions of Eurasia (western Europe, eastern Europe, and Asia)YST_EUR_3reg_1069loc_rev.snpYST_EUR-AM_943loc_BayeScanSNP data file for BayeScan analysis of data set used for DIYABC analysis of YST in both Eurasia and AmericasYST_NoPNW_943loc_singCAYST_EUR_1069loc_BayeScanSNP data file for BayeScan analysis of data set for DIYABC analysis of YST in EurasiaYST_EURonly_3reg_1069locMEC_15-1264_Sample_DataList of samples and sequencing run informationSample_codesSampling sites for seeds of yellow starthistle (*Centaurea solstitialis*) and related taxa, including sampling site information (nearest city, country/state, continent, latitude, and longitude), and year of collection. Location numbers correspond to locations depicted in Fig S1. CESO = *C. solstitialis*, CENE = *C. nicaeensis*, CEPA = *C. pallescens*, CEME = *C. melitensis*.