DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96d6
title: Dental linear metrics from a wild population of baboons (Papio cynocephalus), Kenya

description: This dataset contains 82 standard linear dimensions of maxillary and
 mandibular teeth from 126 individuals from a wild population of yellow
 baboons (Papio hamadrays cynocephalus, or Papio cynocephalus, depending on
 your taxonomic practice for baboons) from Kenya. The measurements
 were taken from a skeletonized population of baboons culled because they
 were "pests" to a sisal plantation. The Director of the
 Department of Osteology at the Kenyan National Museums collected the
 carcasses and prepared them as skeletons. The specimens are located in
 Nairobi, housed in the Kenyan National Museums. See our 2007 paper for
 more details. The research question driving this data collection
 was to test whether or not the latent structure of dental phenotypic
 variation within a wild population of baboons is similar to the dental
 phenotypic variation in a captive, pedigreed population of baboons. We had
 conducted quantitative genetic analyses of dental variation in the captive
 colony used for quantitative genetics research but had repeatedly been
 asked whether or not the genetic architecture influencing the captive
 colony's dental variation was similar to that of their wild
 counterparts. These data enabled us to test this hypothesis, and in so
 doing, support the hypothesis that the pattern of phenotypic dental
 variation is essentially the same. The second molars from this dataset
 were used in analyses reported in this publication: Hlusko, L.J. and
 Mahaney, M.C., 2007. A multivariate comparison of dental variation in wild
 and captive populations of baboons (Papio hamadryas). Archives of
 oral biology, 52(2), pp.195-200.
 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.09.008 We share here the wild
 population data, as they can be useful to anyone interested in dental
 phenotypic variation and covariation in wild baboons. The individuals in
 this population are KNOWN TO BE RELATED to each other. Therefore, the
 range of variation is not representative of a sample of unrelated
 individuals from this species. The similarity between phenotypic
 and genotypic correlations was proposed by James Cheverud, and has been
 tested as "Cheverud's Conjecture" in evolutionary
 biology:  Cheverud, J.M. 1988. A comparison of genetic and
 phenotypic correlations. Evolution 42: 958-968. doi:
 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02514.x Roff, D.A. 1995. The estimation of
 genetic correlations from phenotypic correlations: a test of
 Cheverud's conjecture. Heredity 74:481-490. doi: 10.1038/hdy.1995.68
 Sodini S.M., Kemper K.E., Wray N.R., Trzaskowski M. 2018. Comparison of
 genotypic and phenotypic correlations: Cheverud's conjecture in
 humans. Genetics 209(3):941-948. doi: 10.1534/genetics.117.300630
description: L.J. Hlusko collected these data in Nairobi at the National
 Museums of Kenya in 2002 and 2003 using fixed-jawed dental calipers
 (Mitutoyo<sup>©</sup> Model NTD12-6″C). Each measurement was
 collected two or three times (three times if the data were collected in
 2002, and twice if they were collected in 2003), and the average of those
 two measurements is presented here. A total of 82 linear dimensions were
 measured for each individual, although the full set of 82 measurements was
 not possible to take from all individuals. Mesiodistal
 and buccolingual dimensions follow standard definitions. The mandibular
 molar protoconid radial enamel thickness follows the protocol developed
 in Hlusko, L.J., Suwa, G., Kono, R.T. and
 Mahaney, M.C., 2004. Genetics and the evolution of primate enamel
 thickness: a baboon model. <em>American Journal of Physical
 Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of
 Physical Anthropologists</em>, <em>124</em>(3),
 pp.223-233. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10353<br>
description: # Dental linear metrics from a wild population of baboons (*Papio
 cynocephalus*), Kenya
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96d6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96d6) ## Description of the data and file structure The data are uploaded in a tab-delimited text file. All measurements are in millimeters. Details about each of the 84 columns in the dataset and definitions of the 82 measurements: | Column Name | Definition | | :---------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ID | unique number for each individual, following the numbers that are used in the KNM Department of Osteology | | sex | This is either M for male, F for female, and J for indeterminate, determined by Leslea Hlusko following the morphology of the canine-honing-complex, which is highly sexually dimorphic in baboons | | XLM3md | mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary third molar | | XLM3mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusp pairs, left maxillary third molar | | XLM3dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusp pairs, left maxillary third molar | | XLM2md | mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary second molar | | XLM2mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusp pairs, left maxillary second molar | | XLM2dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusp pairs, left maxillary second molar | | XLM1md | mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary first molar | | XLM1mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusp pairs, left maxillary first molar | | XLM1dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusp pairs, left maxillary first molar | | XLP4md | mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary fourth premolar | | XLP4bl | buccolingual dimension of the left maxillary fourth premolar | | XLP3md | mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary third premolar | | XLP3bl | buccolingual dimensions of the left maxillary third premolar | | XLCmd | mesiodistal dimension at the base of the crown of the left maxillary canine  (measured along the axis of the tooth and not following the dental arcade) | | XLCbl | buccolingual dimensions at the base of the crown of the left maxillary canine (perpendicular to the md main axis of the crown) | | XLI2md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary second incisor | | XLI2bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from occlusal view (directly perpendicular) of the left maxillary second incisor | | XLI1md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the left maxillary first incisor | | XLI1bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from occlusal view (directly perpendicular) of the left maxillary first incisor | | XRI1md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary first incisor | | XRI1bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from occlusal view (directly perpendicular) of the right maxillary first incisor | | XRI2md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary second incisor | | XRI2bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from occlusal view (directly perpendicular) of the right maxillary second incisor | | XRCmd | mesiodistal dimension at the base of the crown of the right maxillary canine (measured along the axis of the tooth and not following the dental arcade) | | XRCbl | buccolingual dimensions at the base of the crown of the right maxillary canine (perpendicular to the md main axis of the crown) | | XRP3md | mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary third premolar | | XRP3bl | buccolingual dimensions of the right maxillary third premolar | | XRP4md | mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary fourth premolar | | XRP4bl | buccolingual dimension of the right maxillary fourth premolar | | XRM1md | mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary first molar | | XRM1mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusp pairs, right maxillary first molar | | XRM1dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusp pairs, right maxillary first molar | | XRM2md | mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary second molar | | XRM2mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusp pairs, right maxillary second molar | | XRM2dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusp pairs, right maxillary second molar | | XRM3md | mesiodistal dimension of the right maxillary third molar | | XRM3mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusp pairs, right maxillary third molar | | XRM3dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusp pairs, right maxillary third molar | | LM3md | mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular third molar | | LM3mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusps of the left mandibular third molar | | LM3dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusps of the left mandibular third molar | | LM3et | radial enamel thickness of the left mandibular third molar protoconid | | LM2md | mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular second molar | | LM2mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusps of the left mandibular second molar | | LM2dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusps of the left mandibular second molar | | LM2et | radial enamel thickness of the left mandibular second molar protoconid | | LM1md | mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular first molar | | LM1mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusps of the left mandibular first molar | | LM1dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusps of the left mandibular first molar | | LM1et | radial enamel thickness of the left mandibular third molar protoconid | | LP4md | mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular fourth premolar | | LP4bl | buccolingual dimension of the left mandibular fourth premolar | | LP3md | mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular third premolar (main axis of the tooth, not measured at an angle that follows the dental arcade) | | LP3bl | buccolingual dimension of the left mandibular third premolar (measured perpendicular to the md dimension) | | LCmd | mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular canine base (main axis of the tooth, not measured at an angle that follows the dental arcade) | | LCbl | buccolingual dimension of the left mandibular canine base (measured perpendicular to the md dimension) | | LI2md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular second incisor | | LI2bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from the occlusal view of the left mandibular second incisor | | LI1md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the left mandibular central incisor | | LI1bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from the occlusal view of the left mandibular central incisor | | RI1md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular central incisor | | RI1bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from the occlusal view of the right mandibular central incisor | | RI2md | maximum mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular second incisor | | RI2bl | maximum buccolingual dimension from the occlusal view of the right mandibular second incisor | | RCmd | mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular canine base (the main axis of the tooth, not measured at an angle that follows the dental arcade) | | RCbl | buccolingual dimension of the right mandibular canine base (measured perpendicular to the md dimension) | | RP3md | mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular third premolar (main axis of the tooth, not measured at an angle that follows the dental arcade) | | RP3bl | buccolingual dimension of the right mandibular third premolar (measured perpendicular to the md dimension) | | RP4md | mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular fourth premolar | | RP4bl | buccolingual dimension of the right mandibular fourth premolar | | RM1md | mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular first molar | | RM1mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusps of the right mandibular first molar | | RM1dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusps of the right mandibular first molar | | RM1et | radial enamel thickness of the right mandibular first molar protoconid | | RM2md | mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular second molar | | RM2mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusps of the right mandibular second molar | | RM2dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusps of the right mandibular second molar | | RM2et | radial enamel thickness of the right mandibular second molar protoconid | | RM3md | mesiodistal dimension of the right mandibular third molar | | RM3mbl | buccolingual dimension across the mesial cusps of the right mandibular third molar | | RM3dbl | buccolingual dimension across the distal cusps of the right mandibular third molar | | RM3et | radial enamel thickness of the right mandibular third molar protoconid | ## Sharing/Access information All of the linear metrics are shared in this dataset, even though only the data for the second molars were analyzed in Hlusko and Mahaney (2007).