cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/fb8h-gg61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Black Sea Region Speleothem Stable isotope Data of the last 670,000 Years

description: Changes in the hydrological balance of the Black Sea play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and exert a strong influence on the isotopic composition of precipitation in the Black Sea region. However, the timing, duration and driving factors of hydrological shifts in the Black Sea region remain poorly constrained. Here, we present several new speleothem records from Sofular Cave in northern Türkiye to reconstruct hydroclimate fluctuations during the last 670,000 years, thereby expanding the previously published discontinuous isotope records. Stable oxygen isotopes of speleothem calcite (δ18Oca) reflect variations in the isotopic composition of the Black Sea surface water, providing information on the timing, origin and duration of Black Sea water exchange with the Mediterranean and Caspian Seas, inflow of meltwater from the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS), and configuration of the Black Sea paleodrainage basin and EIS during the last 670,000 years. The comparison between stable water isotopes of modern precipitation and paleo-precipitation trapped inside speleothem fluid inclusions demonstrates that the modern Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) is representative for the isotopic composition of precipitation during glacial and interglacial climate conditions. Furthermore, speleothem fluid inclusion deuterium excess values were higher during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods, which is most likely related to atmospheric changes affecting the evaporative conditions above the moisture source.
description: Provided Keywords: Stable Isotopes, Fluid inclusions
DOI: 10.25921/f8hh-wk22
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Peterson - Blue Mountain High - ABLA - ITRDB WA127

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sqp3dn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 528125 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-139.0619 50.96183,-126.69657 50.96183,-126.69657 56.80388,-139.0619 56.80388,-139.0619 50.96183))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Animalia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 528125 records from 282 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020716-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/fyn4-ny65
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Everett fire data from Entiat Mud Creek Aspect Polygon 208 - IMPD USENT208

description: Records of past fire occurrence from tree rings, charcoal found in lake sediments, and other proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.  Additional information on the International Multiproxy Database (IMPD) data set procedures are also available.
DOI: 10.25921/fk1z-zv66
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - West African Margin 25,000 Year Leaf Wax Isotope Data and Precipitation Reconstruction

description: During the "Green Sahara" period (11,000 to 5000 years before the present), the Sahara desert received high amounts of rainfall, supporting diverse vegetation, permanent lakes, and human populations. Our knowledge of rainfall rates and the spatiotemporal extent of wet conditions has suffered from a lack of continuous sedimentary records. We present a quantitative reconstruction of western Saharan precipitation derived from leaf wax isotopes in marine sediments. Our data indicate that the Green Sahara extended to 31N and likely ended abruptly. We find evidence for a prolonged "pause" in Green Sahara conditions 8000 years ago, coincident with a temporary abandonment of occupational sites by Neolithic humans. The rainfall rates inferred from our data are best explained by strong vegetation and dust feedbacks; without these mechanisms, climate models systematically fail to reproduce the Green Sahara. This study suggests that accurate simulations of future climate change in the Sahara and Sahel will require improvements in our ability to simulate vegetation and dust feedbacks.
description: Leaf wax isotope (dD and d13C) and West African precipitation reconstruction from 4 West African Margin marine sediment cores.
DOI: 10.25921/fpxv-4383
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Garrison Basin, Gulf of Mexico d18O and Mg/Ca in three multicores, and stacked SST/d18Osw/SSS reconstructions spanning the past 4.4 kyrs

description: Surface-ocean circulation in the northern Atlantic Ocean influences Northern Hemisphere climate. Century-scale circulation variability in the Atlantic Ocean, however, is poorly con- strained due to insufficiently-resolved paleoceanographic records. Here we present a repli- cated reconstruction of sea-surface temperature and salinity from a site sensitive to North Atlantic circulation in the Gulf of Mexico which reveals pronounced centennial-scale varia- bility over the late Holocene. We find significant correlations on these timescales between salinity changes in the Atlantic, a diagnostic parameter of circulation, and widespread pre- cipitation anomalies using three approaches: multiproxy synthesis, observational datasets, and a transient simulation. Our results demonstrate links between centennial changes in northern Atlantic surface-circulation and hydroclimate changes in the adjacent continents over the late Holocene. Notably, our findings reveal that weakened surface-circulation in the Atlantic Ocean was concomitant with well-documented rainfall anomalies in the Western Hemisphere during the Little Ice Age.
description: Sea-surface temperature, d18Osw, and sea-surface salinity reconstructions from the northern Gulf of Mexico generated from paired Mg/Ca-dٸO measurements in G. ruber (White) from three Garrison Basin sediment cores spanning the last 4,400 years.
      Provided Keywords: Gulf of Mexico, sea-surface temperature, sea-surface salinity, G. ruber, foraminifera, late Holocene. Excel File with all data added to study: 10-JUL-2019
DOI: 10.25921/fzvw-3j90
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Heyerdahl fire data from Slough, central Oregon - IMPD USSLO001

description: Context In the interior Northwest, debate over restoring mixed-conifer forests after a century of fire exclusion is hampered by poor understanding of the pattern and causes of spatial variation in historical fire regimes. Objectives To identify the roles of topography, landscape structure, and forest type in driving spatial variation in historical fire regimes in mixed-conifer forests of central Oregon. Methods We used tree rings to reconstruct multicentury fire and forest histories at 105 plots over 10,393 ha. We classified fire regimes into four types and assessed whether they varied with topography, the location of fuel-limited pumice basins that inhibit fire spread, and an updated classification of forest type. Results We identified four fire-regime types and six forest types. Although surface fires were frequent and often extensive, severe fires were rare in all four types. Fire regimes varied with some aspects of topography (elevation), but not others (slope or aspect) and with the distribution of pumice basins. Fire regimes did not strictly co-vary with mixed-conifer forest types. Conclusions Our work reveals the persistent influence of landscape structure on spatial variation in historical fire regimes and can help inform discussions about appropriate restoration of fire-excluded forests in the interior Northwest. Where the goal is to restore historical fire regimes at landscape scales, managers may want to consider the influence of topoedaphic and vegetation patch types that could affect fire spread and ignition frequency.
description: This site was sampled as part of a study to infer the climate drivers of past regional fire years in central Oregon.  

There is one file of supporting data for this site (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usslo001_scarred_tree_info.csv) that contains information on the sampled trees (location, species, etc.).

Trees are identified in all files with a three-letter site code (SLO) followed by a two-letter tree number.  When we removed more than one sample from a tree, the wood sample includes an additional letter identifying the sample (A, B, C, etc.).

-999 indicates no data.

Ring-boundary scars were assigned to the preceding calendar year.
DOI: 10.25921/fgh2-vb03
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Génova - Pinar de Lillo - PISY - ITRDB SPAI077

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/fecs-x346
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Basin Pond, Maine 900 Year brGDGT Data and Temperature Reconstruction

description: Paleotemperature reconstructions are essential for distinguishing anthropogenic climate change from natural variability. An emerging method in paleolimnology is the use of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in sediments to reconstruct temperature, but their application is hindered by a limited understanding of their sources, seasonal production, and transport. Here, we report seasonally resolved measurements of brGDGT production in the water column, in catchment soils, and in a sediment core from Basin Pond, a small, deep inland lake in Maine, USA. We find similar brGDGT distributions in both water column and lake sediment samples but the catchment soils have distinct brGDGT distributions suggesting that (1) brGDGTs are produced within the lake and (2) this in situ production dominates the down-core sedimentary signal. Seasonally, depth-resolved measurements indicate that most brGDGT production occurs in late fall, and at intermediate depths (18-30m) in the water column. We utilize these observations to help interpret a Basin Pond brGDGT-based temperature reconstruction spanning the past 900 years. This record exhibits trends similar to a pollen record from the same site and also to regional and global syntheses of terrestrial temperatures over the last millennium. However, the Basin Pond temperature record shows higher-frequency variability than has previously been captured by such an archive in the northeastern United States, potentially attributed to the North Atlantic Oscillation and volcanic or solar activity. This first brGDGT-based multi-centennial paleoreconstruction from this region contributes to our understanding of the production and fate of brGDGTs in lacustrine systems.
description: Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) data from sediments, the water column, and nearby soils of Basin Pond, Maine, USA, for the past 900 years.
DOI: 10.25921/f91n-nz98
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lavergne - Glaciar Frias - FICU - ITRDB ARGE142

description: Estimating summer temperature fluctuations over long timescales in southern South America is essential for better understanding the past climate variations in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we developed robust 212 year long basal area increment (BAI) and d13C chronologies from living temperature-sensitive Fitzroya cupressoides on the eastern slope of the northern Patagonian Andes (41S). After removing the increasing trend from the growth records likely due to the CO2 fertilization effect, we tested the potential to reconstruct past summer temperature variations using BAI and d13C as predictors. The reconstruction based on d13C records has the strongest predictive skills and explains as much as 62% of the total variance in instrumental summer temperature (n = 81, p < 0.001). The temperature signal recorded in tree-ring growth is not substantially different to that present in d13C and consequently does not provide additional information to improve the regression models. Our d13C-based reconstruction shows cold summer temperatures in the second part of the 19th century and in the mid-20th century followed by a warmer period. Notably, the 20th and the early 21st centuries were warmer (+0.6C) than the 19th century. Reconstructed summer temperature variations are modulated by low-latitude (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) and high-latitude (Southern Annular Mode) climate forcings. Our reconstruction based on d13C agrees well with previous ring width based temperature reconstructions in the region and comparatively enhances the low-frequency variations in the records. The present study provides the first reconstruction of summer temperature in South America south of 40S for the period 1800-2011 entirely based on isotopic records.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-29.
DOI: 10.25921/f3gz-8y65
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo-pCO2 Database 20 Million Year Northern China Paleosol d13C Data

description: There remains substantial debate concerning the relative roles of tectonics and global climate in driving the evolution of climate in Central Asia. Today, interior Asia-including the Taklamakan, Gobi, and Ordos Deserts-is exceptionally arid and is surrounded by distinct rainfall boundaries, such as those generated by the Asian monsoon systems to the east and south and those generated by high topography to the north and west. Determining how and why these boundaries have varied over the Neogene is hindered by the lack of a single proxy that can be broadly applied through space and time. We construct isoscapes of pedogenic carbonate d13C (d13Cc) over the Neogene in Asia by combining a compilation of 2236 published measurements with new data from three localities in northern Central Asia. Pedogenic carbonate d13C records local aridity-excepting localities impacted by C4 grasslands and during large changes in atmospheric pCO2-through variations in soil respiration, depth of carbonate formation, and the effect of water stress on plant d13C. Together, these effects reflect changes in both primary productivity and mean annual precipitation. Throughout the Neogene, we find consistent and exceptionally high d13Cc in interior Asia with a ring of lower d13Cc that demarcates higher precipitation. This persistent ring of lower d13Cc corresponds in the south and east with the influence of the Asian monsoon systems; in the west and north, it reflects both orographic rainfall due to uplift of the Tian Shan and to moisture delivery by the mid-latitude westerlies. Finally, d13Cc and, hence, aridity increases regionally in the latest Neogene, reflecting the effects of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and cooling. This widespread "de-greening" would have increased regional albedo and modified basin-scale water balances, resulting in greater dust fluxes due to reduced vegetative cover and precipitation.
description: Paleosol d13C from northern China for 6 to 20 million years before present, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database
DOI: 10.25921/fc1d-p852
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Reconstruction of winter temperature in east China during the last 500 years using historical documents

description: Winter temperature series of last 500 years in East China(25-35°N,115-120°E) was reconstructed using historical data about freezing of rivers and lakes,severe snowing and the relevant damages to agriculture caused by cold weather in the region.First,series of freeze-up and that of snowing were produced separately on a basis of ordinal scale.Then combination of the two series with different weights was made according to their relationship to winter temperature established by recent observations,and a cold winter index (Icw) was derived thereby.Finally,the winter temperature series was constructed at a resolution of 10 years on the basis of calibration of regression between the rece nt observation at Shanghai from 1873 to 1980 and the relevant Icw construeted.It is concluded that winter temperatures in the last 500 years are generally lower than the recent 30 year(1951-1980) mean.Three cold periods were detected,including periods of 1490-1519,1639-1690 and 1830-1889,where the 30 year running mean temperature reched below -1℃,the coldest period lasting from 1840 to 1869,with temperature lower that the recent 30 year mean by about 1.5℃.The late 16th and the whole 18th centuries are relative warm,however the temperatures of these periods are still lower than the recent years by 0.3-0.4℃.The warmest period of the lay 500 years lies in the early part of the present century from 20's to 40's,with temperature higher than recent 30 year mean by about 0.3-0.4℃,another warm period ranged from 1520 to 1549,with temperature higher than that of the recent years by about 0.2-0.3℃.
description: Elevation estimated from GoogleEarth; rounded to 100 m
DOI: 10.25921/fmrh-pj84
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Krusic - Mount Smolikas EHS06 - PIHE - ITRDB GREE018

description: We present a June-July drought reconstruction based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) for the Balkan Peninsula over the period 730-2015 CE. The reconstruction is developed using a composite Pinus heldreichii tree-ring width chronology, from a high-elevation network of eight sites in the Pindus Mountains in northwest Greece, composed of living trees and relict wood. The dataset includes the ring width series of Europe's currently oldest known living tree, dendrochronologically dated to be more than 1075 years old. The spatial coverage of the reconstruction is improved by using an averaged gridded SPI data target derived from a response field that is located north of the study region. Justification for this approach includes the remoteness of instrumental data, the spatial variability of precipitation and synoptic scale circulation patterns. Over the past 1286 years, there have been 51 dry and 43 pluvial events. The driest year during the 1286-year-long period was 1660 and the wettest year was 1482. Comparison with shorter reconstructions and documentary evidence validates the new reconstruction, and provides additional insight into socioeconomic impacts and spatial patterns of extreme events. Fifty-nine of 72 previously undescribed extremes occurred prior to the 17th century. The new reconstruction reveals long-term changes in the number of extremes, including substantially fewer drought and pluvial events in the 20th century. Additional tests on the long-term effects of age structure, replication and covariance changes support the heteroscedastic nature of the reconstructed hydro-climatic extremes.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/f2cc-fy42
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Johnson fire data from Pueblo Ridge West, northern New Mexico - IMPD USPRW001

description: Tree-ring fire scars, tree ages, historical photographs, and historical surveys demonstrate that fire played different ecological roles for centuries across gradients of elevation, forest, and fire regime in the Taos Valley Watersheds. Fire regimes collapsed across these three adjoining watersheds by 1899, leaving all sites without fire for at least 119 years. Historical photographs and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) ages indicate that high-severity fire historically burned at multiple high-elevation subalpine sites in today’s Village of Taos Ski Valley, with large high-severity patches (> 640 ha). Low-severity, frequent (9 – 29 year median interval) surface fires burned in nearby mid-elevation dry conifer forests on south aspects in all watersheds. Fires were associated with drought during the fire year, preceded by wet years, with widespread fires commonly burning synchronously in multiple watersheds during more-severe drought years, including within all three watersheds in 1664, 1715, and 1842. In contrast, recent “large” wildfires have burned within single watersheds and therefore are likely not large in a historical context. Management to promote repeated low-severity fire and associated open forest stand structures is within the historical range of variability in the dry conifer forests of these watersheds, but in the high-elevation, subalpine forests different management approaches are required that balance ecological and socio-economic values while providing for public safety.
description: This site was sampled as part of a project to reconstruct the fire history of the Taos Valley Watersheds in northern New Mexico.                                         https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usprw001_tree_meta.csv contains individual tree locations and tree species.
DOI: 10.25921/ft28-dh46
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tangga Cave, Sumatra 16,000 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data

description: Abrupt changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are known to have affected the strength of the Indian and Asian Monsoons during glacial and deglacial climate states. However, there is still much uncertainty around the hydroclimate response of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) region to abrupt climate changes in the North Atlantic. Many studies suggest a mean southward shift in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the IPWP region during phases of reduced Atlantic meridional overturning, however, existing proxies have seasonal biases and conflicting responses, making it difficult to determine the true extent of North Atlantic forcing in this climatically important region.

Here we present a precisely-dated, high-resolution record of eastern Indian Ocean hydroclimate variability spanning the last 16 ky (thousand years) from d18O measurements in an aragonite-calcite speleothem from central Sumatra. This represents the western-most speleothem record from the IPWP region. Precipitation arrives year-round at this site, with the majority sourced from the local tropical eastern Indian Ocean and two additional long-range seasonal sources associated with the boreal and austral summer monsoons. The Sumatran speleothem demonstrates a clear deglacial structure that includes 18O enrichment during the Younger Dryas and 18O depletion during the Bolling-Allerød, similar to the pattern seen in speleothems of the Asian and Indian monsoon realms. The speleothem d18O changes at this site are best explained by changes in rainfall amount and changes in the contributions from different moisture pathways. Reduced rainfall in Sumatra during the Younger Dryas is most likely driven by reductions in moisture transport along the northern or southern monsoon transport pathways to Sumatra. Considered with other regional proxies, the record from Sumatra suggests the response of the IPWP to North Atlantic freshwater forcing is not solely driven by southward shifts of the ITCZ, but also a reduction in moisture transport along both monsoon pathways.
description: Oxygen isotope data (raw and corrected) and age model from sample TA12-2 of Tangga Cave in West Sumatra, Sumatra, Indonesia