DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4128163
title: Ionization rate simulation data for "Standing Shock Prevents Propagation of Sparks in Supersonic Explosive Flows"

description: <strong>Background</strong> This is a set of 3d data containing ionization rates computed from Hyburn hydrodynamic simulations contained in a Matlab .mat file, along with a plot in both .png and Matlab .fig format, and a Matlab script for plotting. This data is used in figure 5 of the paper "Standing Shock Prevents Propagation of Sparks in Supersonic Explosive Flows". Electric sparks and explosive flows have long been associated with each other. Flowing dust particles originate charge through contact and separate based on inertia, resulting in strong electric fields supporting sparks. These sparks can cause explosions in dusty environments, especially those rich in carbon, such as coal mines and grain elevators. Recent observations of explosive events in nature and decompression experiments indicate that supersonic flows of explosions may alter the electrical discharge process. Shocks may suppress parts of the hierarchy of the discharge phenomena, such as leaders. In our decompression experiments, a shock tube ejects a flow of gas and particles into an expansion chamber. We imaged an illuminated plume from the decompression of a mixture of argon and &lt;100 mg of diamond particles and observe sparks occurring below the sharp boundary of a condensation cloud. We also performed hydrodynamics simulations of the decompression event that provide insight into the conditions supporting the observed behavior. Simulation results agree closely with the experimentally observed Mach disk shock shape and height. This represents direct evidence that the sparks are sculpted by the outflow. The spatial and temporal scale of the sparks transmit an impression of the shock tube flow, a connection that could enable novel instrumentation to diagnose currently inaccessible supersonic granular phenomena. <strong>Accessing Data</strong> The .mat file can be opened in Matlab to examine data. The 3d arrays contained therein can be viewed in various ways, including using the enclosed script with syntax like plot_isosurfaces(xg,yg,zg,density,max(density(:)),pressure,max(pressure(:))) to produce the included isosurface plot. The data arrays contained are: e: electric field magnitude alpha: ionization rate lengths: ionization lengths (equal to 1/alpha) eOverN: electric field divided by gas number density alphaOverN: ionization rate divided by gas number density density: gas mass density pressure: gas pressure x,y,z: spatial coordinates xg,yg,zg: spatial coordinates in 3d meshgrid format, for Matlab plotting The electric field e was artificially generated from velocities in Hyburn output; alpha was computed from BOLSIG+ with Hyburn input; density and pressure data were from Hyburn.
description: This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Mission Support and Test Services, LLC, under Contract No. DE-NA0003624 with support from the Site-Directed Research and Development program, DOE/NV/03624--0956, and in part by the European Plate Observing Systems Transnational Access program of the European Community HORIZON 2020 research and innovation program under grant N 676564. CC acknowledges the support from the DFG grant CI 25/2-1 and from the European Community HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant nr. 705619. LLNL-MI-817289. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, complete- ness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific com- mercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.
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