cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969161
title: Advances and setbacks in the 20 years of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy

description: We sought to analyze the processes of formulation, updating and implementation of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN), from 1999 to April 2020. This is a discussion paper, using institutional documentary sources, bibliographic search in national and international databases, as well as theses and dissertations. The theory of the cycle of public policies was adopted to systematize and present the set of information. PNAN was established in 1999 and updated ten years later, in a participatory process, based on an innovative approach centered on the paradigms of healthy food practices, the human right to food and nutritional security, aligned with the Brazilian Unified National. Regarding implementation, there are advances related to the publication of Food Guides with national guidelines; to the promotion of research in food and nutrition; to collective action to build the regulatory agenda, even if with disputes, and to the decentralization of financial resources for the execution of PNAN actions. The monitoring and evaluation focused on the food and nutritional situation; we found that there were insufficient mechanisms to feed back the policy. After 20 years, PNAN maintains the challenge of effectively fulfilling its historic commitment: the universal guarantee of the human right to adequate and healthy food.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969161.v1
title: Advances and setbacks in the 20 years of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy

description: We sought to analyze the processes of formulation, updating and implementation of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN), from 1999 to April 2020. This is a discussion paper, using institutional documentary sources, bibliographic search in national and international databases, as well as theses and dissertations. The theory of the cycle of public policies was adopted to systematize and present the set of information. PNAN was established in 1999 and updated ten years later, in a participatory process, based on an innovative approach centered on the paradigms of healthy food practices, the human right to food and nutritional security, aligned with the Brazilian Unified National. Regarding implementation, there are advances related to the publication of Food Guides with national guidelines; to the promotion of research in food and nutrition; to collective action to build the regulatory agenda, even if with disputes, and to the decentralization of financial resources for the execution of PNAN actions. The monitoring and evaluation focused on the food and nutritional situation; we found that there were insufficient mechanisms to feed back the policy. After 20 years, PNAN maintains the challenge of effectively fulfilling its historic commitment: the universal guarantee of the human right to adequate and healthy food.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6205431
title: Optical constants of several multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 300-1700 nm range: high-index, anisotropy, and hyperbolicity

description: # Data and plotting code for "Optical constants of several multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 300-1700 nm range: high-index, anisotropy, and hyperbolicity" by Battulga Munkhbat, Piotr Wróbel, Tomasz J. Antosiewicz, and Timur O. Shegai, ACS Photonics (2022); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00433 <br> ## Contents * &lt;TMD-material&gt;: directories with raw and derived data for all 10 TMDs<br> * f3_dataset_*_nm_ex1_ex2_ey1_ey2_ez1_ez2.txt: obtained permittivities<br> * plot_*_v1.m: Matlab scripts for plotting data ## Description of the data The raw and derived data stored in directories &lt;TMD&gt; contain the following files: * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;date&gt;-&lt;TMD&gt;.SEsnap: binary data file with collected data, CompleteEASE format<br> * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;date&gt;-&lt;TMD&gt;-E*.mat: ascii text file with permittivity data separated into individual components as exported from CompleteEASE software<br> * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;date&gt;-&lt;TMD&gt;-full.mat: ascii text file with fitted model parameters as exported from CompleteEASE software<br> * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;TMD&gt;-data/*.txt: selected raw data and fits for all considered samples (Mueller Matrix or Delta/Psi/depolarization). The structure of the data file names is as follows:<br> &lt;order-number-in-CompleteEASE&gt;-s&lt;sample-name&gt;-&lt;data-type&gt;.txt for general ellipsometry (delta, psi, depolarization) or<br> &lt;order-number-in-CompleteEASE&gt;-s&lt;sample-name&gt;-o&lt;in-plane-sample-rotation-number&gt;-mm.txt for Mueller Matrix measurements. The following two scripts can be used to plot the raw measured data (solig lines) along with corresponding fits (black dotted lines): * plot_mm_v1.m: Matlab script for plotting Mueller Matrix data for WTe2 and ReS2<br> * plot_psi_delta_depol_v1.m: Matlab script for plotting psi, delta, and depolarization data for other TMDs The diagonal permittivity tensor data are saved in the f3_dataset_*_nm_ex1_ex2_ey1_ey2_ez1_ez2.txt files which can be plotted using the plot_permittivity_v1.m Matlab script. The format of this file is as follows: wavelength in nanometers; real part of epsilon_xx; imaginary part of epsilon_xx; real part of epsilon_yy; imaginary part of epsilon_yy; real part of epsilon_zz; imaginary part of epsilon_zz;
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6205430
title: Optical constants of several multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 300-1700 nm range: high-index, anisotropy, and hyperbolicity

description: # Data and plotting code for "Optical constants of several multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 300-1700 nm range: high-index, anisotropy, and hyperbolicity" by Battulga Munkhbat, Piotr Wróbel, Tomasz J. Antosiewicz, and Timur O. Shegai, ACS Photonics (2022); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00433 <br> ## Contents * &lt;TMD-material&gt;: directories with raw and derived data for all 10 TMDs<br> * f3_dataset_*_nm_ex1_ex2_ey1_ey2_ez1_ez2.txt: obtained permittivities<br> * plot_*_v1.m: Matlab scripts for plotting data ## Description of the data The raw and derived data stored in directories &lt;TMD&gt; contain the following files: * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;date&gt;-&lt;TMD&gt;.SEsnap: binary data file with collected data, CompleteEASE format<br> * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;date&gt;-&lt;TMD&gt;-E*.mat: ascii text file with permittivity data separated into individual components as exported from CompleteEASE software<br> * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;date&gt;-&lt;TMD&gt;-full.mat: ascii text file with fitted model parameters as exported from CompleteEASE software<br> * &lt;TMD&gt;/&lt;TMD&gt;-data/*.txt: selected raw data and fits for all considered samples (Mueller Matrix or Delta/Psi/depolarization). The structure of the data file names is as follows:<br> &lt;order-number-in-CompleteEASE&gt;-s&lt;sample-name&gt;-&lt;data-type&gt;.txt for general ellipsometry (delta, psi, depolarization) or<br> &lt;order-number-in-CompleteEASE&gt;-s&lt;sample-name&gt;-o&lt;in-plane-sample-rotation-number&gt;-mm.txt for Mueller Matrix measurements. The following two scripts can be used to plot the raw measured data (solig lines) along with corresponding fits (black dotted lines): * plot_mm_v1.m: Matlab script for plotting Mueller Matrix data for WTe2 and ReS2<br> * plot_psi_delta_depol_v1.m: Matlab script for plotting psi, delta, and depolarization data for other TMDs The diagonal permittivity tensor data are saved in the f3_dataset_*_nm_ex1_ex2_ey1_ey2_ez1_ez2.txt files which can be plotted using the plot_permittivity_v1.m Matlab script. The format of this file is as follows: wavelength in nanometers; real part of epsilon_xx; imaginary part of epsilon_xx; real part of epsilon_yy; imaginary part of epsilon_yy; real part of epsilon_zz; imaginary part of epsilon_zz;
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969301
title: Smoking and loneliness in older adults: a population-based study in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil

description: This study aims to analyze the relationship between social isolation and loneliness with smoking in older adults. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with 986 individuals aged 60 years or older. Data were collected from the Health Survey of the Municipality of Campinas (ISACamp 2014/2015), state of São Paulo, Brazil. We estimated the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation according to independent variables and tested the associations using the chi-square test, considering a 5% significance level. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using simple and multiple Poisson regression. Smoking and smoking cessation were not associated with most variables that indicate objective social isolation. “Often or always” loneliness was related to a higher prevalence of smoking (PR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.38-3.66) whereas loneliness accompanied of self-reported emotional problems or common mental disorders was strongly associated with smoking and with lower smoking cessation (PR = 6.24; 95%CI: 1.37-28.47 and PR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.28-0.77, respectively). These findings indicate that loneliness is a psychosocial aspect related to tobacco use which hinders smoking cessation in older adults, emphasizing the importance of emotional problems in this association.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969301.v1
title: Smoking and loneliness in older adults: a population-based study in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil

description: This study aims to analyze the relationship between social isolation and loneliness with smoking in older adults. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with 986 individuals aged 60 years or older. Data were collected from the Health Survey of the Municipality of Campinas (ISACamp 2014/2015), state of São Paulo, Brazil. We estimated the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation according to independent variables and tested the associations using the chi-square test, considering a 5% significance level. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using simple and multiple Poisson regression. Smoking and smoking cessation were not associated with most variables that indicate objective social isolation. “Often or always” loneliness was related to a higher prevalence of smoking (PR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.38-3.66) whereas loneliness accompanied of self-reported emotional problems or common mental disorders was strongly associated with smoking and with lower smoking cessation (PR = 6.24; 95%CI: 1.37-28.47 and PR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.28-0.77, respectively). These findings indicate that loneliness is a psychosocial aspect related to tobacco use which hinders smoking cessation in older adults, emphasizing the importance of emotional problems in this association.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969314
title: Family expenditures on healthcare plans in Brazil and household budget commitment: an analysis of the Brazilian Household Budgets Survey (2017/2018)

description: According to studies using previous editions of the Household Budgets Survey (POF) in Brazil, paying for a healthcare plan increases the percentage of income spent on health and fails to reduce the probability of incurring excessive health expenditures. The study’s objective was to describe relations between expenditures on healthcare plans, income, and age groups, highlighting the effect of having a plan on the probability of committing more than 40% of income on health-related expenditures. An analysis of the POF 2017/2018 determined the commitment of per capita household income for payers of plans by age group and type of plan and logistic regression for factors associated with committing more than 40% of income to health-related expenditures. In 12 months, 22.1 million Brazilians spent BRL 78.1 billion on private medical insurance. The share of income spent on individual plans increases consistently with age, from 4.5% of per capita household income (at &lt; 19 years) to 10.6% of this income (at 79 years or older). The probability of committing more than 40% of income to health expenditures decreases with income, increases with age, and is higher for those paying for health plans. Spending on healthcare plans alone exceeds 40% of per capita household income for 5.6% of Brazilians 60 years or older who pay for individual plans and for 4% of those who pay for company plans. Persons in the oldest age groups and in the lowest income brackets show the highest likelihood of spending more than 40% of their income on healthcare. A revision of the plans’ adjustment by age is an alternative for attempting to mitigate this problem.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969331.v1
title: Medication use in children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort aged between three months and four years

description: Medication use is an important part of the health process and prevalence of its use among infants can reach up to 65% in their first months of life. The excessive use of medication could lead to an increase in their potential harm, surpassing their benefits. Considering this, this study aimed to describe medication use in children aged 3, 12, 24, and 48 months. Standardized questionnaires were applied to assess patterns and covariables of medication use. Medication use was investigated as an outcome and defined as the receipt of any medication within 15 days before the interview. Prevalence of medication use and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were described using chi-squared tests. Prescription source and frequency of use were also reported, along with the most frequent medication in each follow-up. Medication use prevalence was 67.2% (95%CI: 65.8; 68.6), 68.2% (95%CI: 66.8; 69.6), 52.4% (95%CI: 50.9; 54.0), 47.2% (95%CI: 45.7; 48.8), at 3, 12, 24, and 48 months, respectively. We observed a decrease in the proportion of medically prescribed medications and an increase in self-medication over the years. Drugs for gastrointestinal disorders (A03), vitamins (A11), analgesics (N02), anti-inflammatories (M01), and nasal formulations (R01) were the most frequently used medications. We found that children under four years of age comprised over 50% of the total use of medications and self-medication. These results highlight the need to warn caregivers on the importance of proper professional examination and prescription before they administer medications to children.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969331
title: Medication use in children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort aged between three months and four years

description: Medication use is an important part of the health process and prevalence of its use among infants can reach up to 65% in their first months of life. The excessive use of medication could lead to an increase in their potential harm, surpassing their benefits. Considering this, this study aimed to describe medication use in children aged 3, 12, 24, and 48 months. Standardized questionnaires were applied to assess patterns and covariables of medication use. Medication use was investigated as an outcome and defined as the receipt of any medication within 15 days before the interview. Prevalence of medication use and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were described using chi-squared tests. Prescription source and frequency of use were also reported, along with the most frequent medication in each follow-up. Medication use prevalence was 67.2% (95%CI: 65.8; 68.6), 68.2% (95%CI: 66.8; 69.6), 52.4% (95%CI: 50.9; 54.0), 47.2% (95%CI: 45.7; 48.8), at 3, 12, 24, and 48 months, respectively. We observed a decrease in the proportion of medically prescribed medications and an increase in self-medication over the years. Drugs for gastrointestinal disorders (A03), vitamins (A11), analgesics (N02), anti-inflammatories (M01), and nasal formulations (R01) were the most frequently used medications. We found that children under four years of age comprised over 50% of the total use of medications and self-medication. These results highlight the need to warn caregivers on the importance of proper professional examination and prescription before they administer medications to children.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969344
title: Knowledge and risk practices related to HIV infection in the general population, young men, and MSM in three Brazilian cities in 2019

description: The study aimed to describe knowledge and risk practices related to HIV infection in three Brazilian cities in the general population, men 15 to 24 years of age living without a partner, and men that reported sex with other men (MSM) at least once in life. This was a cross-sectional household-based study with three-stage cluster sampling (census tracts, households, individuals) stratified by sex, age group (15-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-59), and conjugal status in the individual selection. We estimated the proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of indicators of knowledge, HIV testing, sexual behavior, and self-rated risk. We analyzed 5,764 individuals in Campo Grande, 3,745 in Curitiba, and 3,900 in Florianópolis. Low levels of knowledge were found for preventive methods, especially PrEP. Unprotected sex practices were frequent in the three municipalities. Lifetime HIV test rates were 57.2% (95%CI: 55.1-59.2) in Curitiba, 64.3% (95%CI: 62.7-66.0) in Campo Grande, and 65.9% (95%CI: 64.0-67.7) in Florianópolis. Among men 15-24 years of age, the proportions of stimulant drug use and unprotected sexual practices were higher than in the other age groups. Lifetime HIV test rates exceeded 80% in MSM. More than 30% of MSM were receptive partners in anal sex without condoms, and fewer than 5% assessed their risk as high. More effective communication strategies are needed on prevention of HIV infection, including increased knowledge that could motivate safer sexual practices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969344.v1
title: Knowledge and risk practices related to HIV infection in the general population, young men, and MSM in three Brazilian cities in 2019

description: The study aimed to describe knowledge and risk practices related to HIV infection in three Brazilian cities in the general population, men 15 to 24 years of age living without a partner, and men that reported sex with other men (MSM) at least once in life. This was a cross-sectional household-based study with three-stage cluster sampling (census tracts, households, individuals) stratified by sex, age group (15-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-59), and conjugal status in the individual selection. We estimated the proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of indicators of knowledge, HIV testing, sexual behavior, and self-rated risk. We analyzed 5,764 individuals in Campo Grande, 3,745 in Curitiba, and 3,900 in Florianópolis. Low levels of knowledge were found for preventive methods, especially PrEP. Unprotected sex practices were frequent in the three municipalities. Lifetime HIV test rates were 57.2% (95%CI: 55.1-59.2) in Curitiba, 64.3% (95%CI: 62.7-66.0) in Campo Grande, and 65.9% (95%CI: 64.0-67.7) in Florianópolis. Among men 15-24 years of age, the proportions of stimulant drug use and unprotected sexual practices were higher than in the other age groups. Lifetime HIV test rates exceeded 80% in MSM. More than 30% of MSM were receptive partners in anal sex without condoms, and fewer than 5% assessed their risk as high. More effective communication strategies are needed on prevention of HIV infection, including increased knowledge that could motivate safer sexual practices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969391
title: Education-related health inequities in noncommunicable diseases: an analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013 and 2019

description: This study assesses changes in the prevalence and distribution of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and related risk factors among Brazilian adults from the 2013 and 2019 Brazilian National Health Surveys (PNS). It is based on the hypothesis that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions over this period would lead to increased NCDs among the least advantaged populations. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios by education category and three inequality measures - the slope index of inequality (SII), the relative index of inequality (RII), and population attributable fraction (PAF) - for obesity, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, heart disease, having any chronic condition, and multimorbidity by survey year. We also estimated the 27 Brazilian Federative Units RII and prevalence rates for diabetes and multimorbidity per year and plotted the RII against prevalence by year. Results showed that all NCDs increased over the period observed, ranging from an 8% increase in the adjusted prevalence of arthritis to a 24% increase in the adjusted prevalence of obesity. Measures of inequality showed that most conditions exhibited significant educational inequities in both 2013 and 2019. However, on average, education-based inequities did not significantly change between the two periods. Considering the deterioration of the socioeconomic conditions of most Brazilians, the erosion of social protections, and the continuing economic, political, and health crises occurring in the nation, we observed an urgent need for discussion about the best way to adopt equity-promoting health policies and programs and action to reduce socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in NCDs throughout the country.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969391.v1
title: Education-related health inequities in noncommunicable diseases: an analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013 and 2019

description: This study assesses changes in the prevalence and distribution of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and related risk factors among Brazilian adults from the 2013 and 2019 Brazilian National Health Surveys (PNS). It is based on the hypothesis that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions over this period would lead to increased NCDs among the least advantaged populations. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios by education category and three inequality measures - the slope index of inequality (SII), the relative index of inequality (RII), and population attributable fraction (PAF) - for obesity, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, heart disease, having any chronic condition, and multimorbidity by survey year. We also estimated the 27 Brazilian Federative Units RII and prevalence rates for diabetes and multimorbidity per year and plotted the RII against prevalence by year. Results showed that all NCDs increased over the period observed, ranging from an 8% increase in the adjusted prevalence of arthritis to a 24% increase in the adjusted prevalence of obesity. Measures of inequality showed that most conditions exhibited significant educational inequities in both 2013 and 2019. However, on average, education-based inequities did not significantly change between the two periods. Considering the deterioration of the socioeconomic conditions of most Brazilians, the erosion of social protections, and the continuing economic, political, and health crises occurring in the nation, we observed an urgent need for discussion about the best way to adopt equity-promoting health policies and programs and action to reduce socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in NCDs throughout the country.