cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e165063v1
title: STEM Inclusion Study

description: STEM Inclusion Study (Principal Investigators: Erin Cech and Tom Waidzunas). Between winter 2017 and spring 2019, the study team surveyed the US-based membership of 21 STEM professional societies and organizations. These 21 societies represent STEM professionals from across the physical and life sciences, mathematics, and engineering (excluding social sciences). They encompass eight US national flagship disciplinary societies in the natural, life, and physical sciences and mathematics; five US national flagship disciplinary societies in engineering; four interdisciplinary STEM societies; two STEM teaching-focused societies; and two demographic-focused professional societies. To protect respondent confidentiality, the names of these societies are not specified. Latinx and Native American racial categories, individual categories within the LGBTQ umbrella category, and specific disabilities within the umbrella disabilities category are redacted for public use to protect confidentiality. <br><br> In collaboration with the leadership of each professional society, the STEM Inclusion Study was fielded electronically via email to either a random sample of the US-based members of each society (for societies over 10,000 members) or to the full US-based membership of the society (for societies under 10,000 members). The survey was open at each society for a period of six weeks. Non-responders received up to two reminder emails. Respondents could end the survey at any time and participation was anonymous and voluntary. The study was approved by the University of Michigan human subjects board. <br><br><br>
DOI: 10.48677/f54b34bf-633e-42fc-ac90-209665d5f7c4
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5300000E400000 1440-2 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6296555
title: DeepCAD-RT dataset: Drosophila mushroom body

description: DeepCAD-RT dataset: Drosophila mushroom body
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6296554
title: DeepCAD-RT dataset: Drosophila mushroom body

description: DeepCAD-RT dataset: Drosophila mushroom body
DOI: 10.48677/b2cebdfd-2835-41fe-b058-7c62bd8d382a
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5250000E400000 1430-0 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.48677/17023f83-b388-464e-8b17-63fac27daa30
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5200000E400000 1430-2 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6404603
title: AQI-data

description: The dataset includes the hourly observations of the near-surface mass concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO in China during wintertime form 2013 to 2019.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6404602
title: AQI-data

description: The dataset includes the hourly observations of the near-surface mass concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO in China during wintertime form 2013 to 2019.
DOI: 10.48677/765ce8f2-aa0d-4bc9-8475-067e65abfae4
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5150000E400000 1420-0 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.48677/f527f377-018a-4659-8cc1-58246f847fdd
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5100000E400000 1420-2 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.48677/76a3808e-9c7b-48c1-863b-cf7f9dc5f904
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5400000E450000 1450-3 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.48677/bad14a65-cec9-47d8-aabb-62a3e522b4d3
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5350000E450000 1440-1 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.48677/d0c3bf73-fcc7-454d-a8ff-f396fffa3da2
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5300000E450000 1440-3 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493606
title: Experiment 1 data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for experiment 1: neutral faces
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493606.v1
title: Experiment 1 data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for experiment 1: neutral faces
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493609
title: Leinwand Exp1-3 script.R from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: In zoos, primates experience markedly different interactions with familiar humans, such as the zookeepers who care for them, compared to those with unfamiliar humans, such as the large volume of zoo visitors to whom they are regularly exposed. While the behaviour of zoo-housed primates in the presence of unfamiliar, and to a lesser extent familiar, humans have received considerable attention, if and how they spontaneously distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships they form with familiar and unfamiliar humans, remain poorly understood. Using a dot-probe paradigm, we assessed whether primates (chimpanzees and gorillas) show an attentional bias toward the faces of familiar humans, with whom the apes presumably had a positive relationship. Contrary to our predictions, all subjects showed a significant attentional bias toward unfamiliar people's faces compared to familiar people's faces when the faces showed a neutral expression, both with and without a surgical face mask on, but no significant attentional bias when the faces showed a surprised expression. These results demonstrate that apes can spontaneously categorize humans based on familiarity and we argue that the attentional biases the apes showed for unfamiliar human faces reflect a novelty effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493609.v1
title: Leinwand Exp1-3 script.R from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: In zoos, primates experience markedly different interactions with familiar humans, such as the zookeepers who care for them, compared to those with unfamiliar humans, such as the large volume of zoo visitors to whom they are regularly exposed. While the behaviour of zoo-housed primates in the presence of unfamiliar, and to a lesser extent familiar, humans have received considerable attention, if and how they spontaneously distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships they form with familiar and unfamiliar humans, remain poorly understood. Using a dot-probe paradigm, we assessed whether primates (chimpanzees and gorillas) show an attentional bias toward the faces of familiar humans, with whom the apes presumably had a positive relationship. Contrary to our predictions, all subjects showed a significant attentional bias toward unfamiliar people's faces compared to familiar people's faces when the faces showed a neutral expression, both with and without a surgical face mask on, but no significant attentional bias when the faces showed a surprised expression. These results demonstrate that apes can spontaneously categorize humans based on familiarity and we argue that the attentional biases the apes showed for unfamiliar human faces reflect a novelty effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493612.v1
title: Experiment 3 data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for experiment 3: masked faces
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493612
title: Experiment 3 data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for experiment 3: masked faces
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493615.v1
title: Leinwand Prettest script.R from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: In zoos, primates experience markedly different interactions with familiar humans, such as the zookeepers who care for them, compared to those with unfamiliar humans, such as the large volume of zoo visitors to whom they are regularly exposed. While the behaviour of zoo-housed primates in the presence of unfamiliar, and to a lesser extent familiar, humans have received considerable attention, if and how they spontaneously distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships they form with familiar and unfamiliar humans, remain poorly understood. Using a dot-probe paradigm, we assessed whether primates (chimpanzees and gorillas) show an attentional bias toward the faces of familiar humans, with whom the apes presumably had a positive relationship. Contrary to our predictions, all subjects showed a significant attentional bias toward unfamiliar people's faces compared to familiar people's faces when the faces showed a neutral expression, both with and without a surgical face mask on, but no significant attentional bias when the faces showed a surprised expression. These results demonstrate that apes can spontaneously categorize humans based on familiarity and we argue that the attentional biases the apes showed for unfamiliar human faces reflect a novelty effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493615
title: Leinwand Prettest script.R from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: In zoos, primates experience markedly different interactions with familiar humans, such as the zookeepers who care for them, compared to those with unfamiliar humans, such as the large volume of zoo visitors to whom they are regularly exposed. While the behaviour of zoo-housed primates in the presence of unfamiliar, and to a lesser extent familiar, humans have received considerable attention, if and how they spontaneously distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships they form with familiar and unfamiliar humans, remain poorly understood. Using a dot-probe paradigm, we assessed whether primates (chimpanzees and gorillas) show an attentional bias toward the faces of familiar humans, with whom the apes presumably had a positive relationship. Contrary to our predictions, all subjects showed a significant attentional bias toward unfamiliar people's faces compared to familiar people's faces when the faces showed a neutral expression, both with and without a surgical face mask on, but no significant attentional bias when the faces showed a surprised expression. These results demonstrate that apes can spontaneously categorize humans based on familiarity and we argue that the attentional biases the apes showed for unfamiliar human faces reflect a novelty effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493618
title: Experiment 2 data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for experiment 1: surprised faces
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493618.v1
title: Experiment 2 data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for experiment 1: surprised faces
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493621
title: Leinwand individual plots exp 1-3.R from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: In zoos, primates experience markedly different interactions with familiar humans, such as the zookeepers who care for them, compared to those with unfamiliar humans, such as the large volume of zoo visitors to whom they are regularly exposed. While the behaviour of zoo-housed primates in the presence of unfamiliar, and to a lesser extent familiar, humans have received considerable attention, if and how they spontaneously distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships they form with familiar and unfamiliar humans, remain poorly understood. Using a dot-probe paradigm, we assessed whether primates (chimpanzees and gorillas) show an attentional bias toward the faces of familiar humans, with whom the apes presumably had a positive relationship. Contrary to our predictions, all subjects showed a significant attentional bias toward unfamiliar people's faces compared to familiar people's faces when the faces showed a neutral expression, both with and without a surgical face mask on, but no significant attentional bias when the faces showed a surprised expression. These results demonstrate that apes can spontaneously categorize humans based on familiarity and we argue that the attentional biases the apes showed for unfamiliar human faces reflect a novelty effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493621.v1
title: Leinwand individual plots exp 1-3.R from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: In zoos, primates experience markedly different interactions with familiar humans, such as the zookeepers who care for them, compared to those with unfamiliar humans, such as the large volume of zoo visitors to whom they are regularly exposed. While the behaviour of zoo-housed primates in the presence of unfamiliar, and to a lesser extent familiar, humans have received considerable attention, if and how they spontaneously distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationships they form with familiar and unfamiliar humans, remain poorly understood. Using a dot-probe paradigm, we assessed whether primates (chimpanzees and gorillas) show an attentional bias toward the faces of familiar humans, with whom the apes presumably had a positive relationship. Contrary to our predictions, all subjects showed a significant attentional bias toward unfamiliar people's faces compared to familiar people's faces when the faces showed a neutral expression, both with and without a surgical face mask on, but no significant attentional bias when the faces showed a surprised expression. These results demonstrate that apes can spontaneously categorize humans based on familiarity and we argue that the attentional biases the apes showed for unfamiliar human faces reflect a novelty effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493624.v1
title: Pretest data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for for the pretest experiment
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493624
title: Pretest data from Familiarity mediates apes' attentional biases toward human faces

description: The raw data for for the pretest experiment
DOI: 10.48677/83e48c4a-ab49-4e7e-aac9-f5afca8b2b66
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5250000E450000 1430-1 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6404593
title: ANANSE: REMAP genome coverage

description: <strong>hg38: </strong>Genome coverage in bigwig format from ReMap2022 TF ChIP-seq database (hg38). All peaks in bed format (https://remap.univ-amu.fr/storage/remap2022/hg38/MACS2/remap2022_all_macs2_hg38_v1_0.bed.gz) were computed to bigwig format using: <pre><code>zcat remap2022_all_macs2_hg38_v1_0.bed.gz | sed '/chrEBV/d' | cut -f 1,7,8 | bedtools slop -i - -g /hg38.fa.sizes -b 25 | sort -k 1,1 | bedtools genomecov -bg -g /hg38.fa.sizes -i - &gt; tmp.bg && bedGraphToBigWig tmp.bg / hg38.fa.sizes remap2022.hg38.w50.bw && rm tmp.bg</code></pre> <strong>hg19: </strong>Genome coverage in bigwig format from ReMap2022 TF ChIP-seq database (hg19). All peaks in bed format (https://remap.univ-amu.fr/storage/remap2022/hg19/MACS2/remap2022_all_macs2_hg19_v1_0.bed.gz) were computed to bigwig format using: <pre><code>zcat remap2022_all_macs2_hg19_v1_0.bed.gz | sed '/chrEBV/d' | cut -f 1,7,8 | bedtools slop -i - -g /hg19.fa.sizes -b 25 | sort -k 1,1 | bedtools genomecov -bg -g /hg19.fa.sizes -i - &gt; tmp.bg && bedGraphToBigWig tmp.bg / hg19.fa.sizes remap2022.hg19.w50.bw && rm tmp.bg</code></pre>
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6404592
title: ANANSE: REMAP genome coverage

description: <strong>hg38: </strong>Genome coverage in bigwig format from ReMap2022 TF ChIP-seq database (hg38). All peaks in bed format (https://remap.univ-amu.fr/storage/remap2022/hg38/MACS2/remap2022_all_macs2_hg38_v1_0.bed.gz) were computed to bigwig format using: <pre><code>zcat remap2022_all_macs2_hg38_v1_0.bed.gz | sed '/chrEBV/d' | cut -f 1,7,8 | bedtools slop -i - -g /hg38.fa.sizes -b 25 | sort -k 1,1 | bedtools genomecov -bg -g /hg38.fa.sizes -i - &gt; tmp.bg && bedGraphToBigWig tmp.bg / hg38.fa.sizes remap2022.hg38.w50.bw && rm tmp.bg</code></pre> <strong>hg19: </strong>Genome coverage in bigwig format from ReMap2022 TF ChIP-seq database (hg19). All peaks in bed format (https://remap.univ-amu.fr/storage/remap2022/hg19/MACS2/remap2022_all_macs2_hg19_v1_0.bed.gz) were computed to bigwig format using: <pre><code>zcat remap2022_all_macs2_hg19_v1_0.bed.gz | sed '/chrEBV/d' | cut -f 1,7,8 | bedtools slop -i - -g /hg19.fa.sizes -b 25 | sort -k 1,1 | bedtools genomecov -bg -g /hg19.fa.sizes -i - &gt; tmp.bg && bedGraphToBigWig tmp.bg / hg19.fa.sizes remap2022.hg19.w50.bw && rm tmp.bg</code></pre>
DOI: 10.48677/55e820e3-ce05-4afb-8b2d-362968a85bed
title: KM50-R CRS25833Res50000mN5200000E450000 1430-3 Stichtag 01.07.2021

description: Das Kartographische Modell 1:50 000 - Raster (KM50-R) ist die digitale staatliche Karte des gesamten österreichischen Staatsgebietes im Grundmaßstab 1:50 000. Es liegt blattschnittfrei und georeferenziert vor. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt flächendeckend in periodischen Abständen aber auch anlassbezogen bei bedeutenden infrastrukturellen Veränderungen. Aus dem KM50-R wird die staatliche Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 (ÖK50) - in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV) - sowie die Österreichische Karte 1:25 000 (ÖK25V) abgeleitet. Diese 50km x 50km Kachel ist eine von insgesamt 63 Kacheln, welche zusammen das Gebiet Österreich abdecken.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493594
title: Data_Bee.xlsx

description: X, Y, Z coordinates of honeybee position in world frame.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493594.v1
title: Data_Bee.xlsx

description: X, Y, Z coordinates of honeybee position in world frame.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.1436
title: Bio-ethanol dehydration to heavy liquid hydrocarbons using two consecutive layers of microporous HBeta and HZSM-5 catalysts and their hierarchical mesoporous materials
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.1437
title: Improvement of biogas production by added chelants for micronutrient control Arada Sookkeaw
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.1438
title: Non-oxidative conversion of methane into olefins using bimetallic Ni-Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.1439
title: Detection of microbes in environmental sys using electrochemical biosensor
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.1440
title: Lignocellulosic biomass pretreated with ionic liquid