cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c6829
title: Data from: Limiting opportunities for cheating stabilizes virulence in insect parasitic nematodes

description: Cooperative secretion of virulence factors by pathogens can lead to social
 conflict when cheating mutants exploit collective secretion, but do not
 contribute to it. If cheats outcompete cooperators within hosts, this can
 cause loss of virulence. Insect parasitic nematodes are important
 biocontrol tools that secrete a range of significant virulence factors.
 Critically, effective nematodes are hard to maintain without live passage,
 which can lead to virulence attenuation. Using experimental evolution we
 tested whether social cheating might explain unstable virulence in the
 nematode Heterorhabditis floridensis by manipulating relatedness via
 multiplicity of infection (MOI), and the scale of competition. Passage at
 high MOI, which should reduce relatedness, led to loss of fitness:
 virulence and reproductive rate declined together and all eight
 independent lines suffered premature extinction. As theory predicts,
 relatedness treatments had more impact under stronger global competition.
 In contrast, low MOI passage led to more stable virulence and increased
 reproduction. Moreover, low MOI lineages showed a trade-off between
 virulence and reproduction, particularly for lines under stronger
 between-host competition. Overall, this study indicates that evolution of
 virulence theory is valuable for the culture of biocontrol agents:
 effective nematodes can be improved and maintained if passage methods
 mitigate possible social conflicts.
description: Raymond Shapiro raw
 bioassay and other dataThis is an excel file
 with data on baseline bioassays, passage 6 and 12 bioassays, reproductive
 rate assays, and number of founders per host in the different
 treatments.Raymond Shapiro raw
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5f8s2
title: Data from: Fine-scale population structure and riverscape genetics of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distributed continuously along headwater channel networks

description: Linear and heterogeneous habitat makes headwater stream networks an ideal
 ecosystem in which to test the influence of environmental factors on
 spatial genetic patterns of obligatory aquatic species. We investigated
 fine-scale population structure and influence of stream habitat on
 individual-level genetic differentiation in brook trout (Salvelinus
 fontinalis) by genotyping eight microsatellite loci in 740 individuals in
 two headwater channel networks (7.7 km and 4.4 km) in Connecticut, USA. A
 weak but statistically significant isolation-by-distance pattern was
 ubiquitous in both sites. In the field, many tagged individuals were
 recaptured in the same 50m-reaches within a single field season (summer to
 fall). One study site was characterized with a hierarchical population
 structure, where seasonal barriers (natural falls &gt; 1.5 m in
 height) greatly reduced gene flow and weaker spatial patterns emerged due
 to the presence of tributaries, each with a group of genetically
 distinguishable individuals. Genetic differentiation increased when pairs
 of individuals were separated by high stream gradient (steep channel
 slope) or warm stream temperature in this site, although the evidence of
 their influence was equivocal. In a second site, evidence for genetic
 clusters was very weak at the most, but genetic differentiation between
 individuals was positively correlated with number of tributary
 confluences. We concluded that the movement of brook trout was limited in
 the study headwater streams, resulting in the fine-scale population
 structure (genetic clusters and clines) even at distances of a few
 kilometers, and gene flow was mitigated by “riverscape” variables,
 particularly by physical barriers, waterway distance (i.e.,
 isolation-by-distance) and the presence of tributaries.
description: Brook Trout
 Microsatellite and Spatial LocationsEight microsatellite
 loci for 473 individuals in Jefferson Hill-Spruce Brook and 267
 individuals in Kent Falls Brook. GIS shapefiles show detailed locations of
 brook trout in the two streams.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3nv8n
title: Data from: Extreme cost of rivalry in a monandrous species: male–male interactions result in failure to acquire mates and reduced longevity

description: Mating system variation is profound in animals. In insects, female
 willingness to remate varies from mating with hundreds of males (extreme
 polyandry) to never remating (monandry). This variation in female
 behaviour is predicted to affect the pattern of selection on males, with
 intense pre-copulatory sexual selection under monandry compared to a mix
 of pre- and post-copulatory forces affecting fitness under polyandry. We
 tested the hypothesis that differences in female mating biology would be
 reflected in different costs of pre-copulatory competition between males.
 We observed that exposure to rival males early in life was highly costly
 for males of a monandrous species, but had lower costs in the polyandrous
 species. Males from the monandrous species housed with competitors showed
 reduced ability to obtain a mate and decreased longevity. These effects
 were specific to exposure to rivals compared with other types of social
 interactions (heterospecific male and mated female) and were either absent
 or weaker in males of the polyandrous species. We conclude that males in
 monandrous species suffer severe physiological costs from interactions
 with rivals and note the significance of male–male interactions as a
 source of stress in laboratory culture.
description: Datasets of experiments
 1, 2, and 3The file contains all
 the datasets obtained for each experiments: Male response to social
 environment (experiment1), The effect of rivals on male ability to compete
 for a female (experiment 2), and Effect of exposure to rivals early in
 life on male longevity (experiment 3).DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.780d6
title: Data from: Darwinian sex roles confirmed across the animal kingdom

description: Since Darwin’s conception of sexual selection theory, scientists have
 struggled to identify the evolutionary forces underlying the pervasive
 differences between male and female behavior, morphology, and physiology.
 The Darwin-Bateman paradigm predicts that anisogamy imposes stronger
 sexual selection on males, which, in turn, drives the evolution of
 conventional sex roles in terms of female-biased parental care and
 male-biased sexual dimorphism. Although this paradigm forms the
 cornerstone of modern sexual selection theory, it still remains untested
 across the animal tree of life. This lack of evidence has promoted the
 rise of alternative hypotheses arguing that sex differences are entirely
 driven by environmental factors or chance. We demonstrate that, across the
 animal kingdom, sexual selection, as captured by standard Bateman metrics,
 is indeed stronger in males than in females and that it is evolutionarily
 tied to sex biases in parental care and sexual dimorphism. Our findings
 provide the first comprehensive evidence that Darwin’s concept of
 conventional sex roles is accurate and refute recent criticism of sexual
 selection theory.
description: Main Data
 FileFile contains all data
 used for the reported meta-analyses including effect sizes (dI_lnCVR,
 dIs_lnCVR, dbeta_g), their corresponding variances (dI_lnCVR_VAR,
 dIs_lnCVR_VAR, dbeta_g_VAR), as well as categories for parental care and
 sexual dimorphism.Janicke_et_al_2006_Data.xlsxPhylogeny FileFile contains the phylogeny in NEWICK format used to run the phylogenetically independent meta-analyses.Janicke_et_al_2006_Phylogeny.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s3937
title: Data from: Interspecific genetics of speciation phenotypes: song and preference coevolution in Hawaiian crickets

description: Understanding the genetic architecture of traits involved in premating
 isolation between recently diverged lineages can provide valuable insight
 regarding the mode and tempo of speciation. The repeated coevolution of
 male courtship song and female preference across the species radiation of
 Laupala crickets presents an unusual opportunity to compare the genetic
 basis of divergence across independent evolutionary histories. Previous
 studies of one pair of species revealed a polygenic basis (including a
 significant X chromosome contribution) to quantitative differences in male
 song and female acoustic preference. Here we studied interspecific crosses
 between two phenotypically less diverged species that represents a
 phylogenetically independent occurrence of intersexual signaling
 evolution. We found patterns consistent with an additive polygenic basis
 to differentiation in both song and preference (nE=5.3 and 5.1 genetic
 factors, respectively), and estimate a moderate contribution of the X
 chromosome (7.6%) of similar magnitude to that observed for Laupala
 species with nearly twice the phenotypic divergence. Together, these
 findings suggest a similar genetic architecture underlying the parallel
 evolution of sexual characters in this genus and provide a counterexample
 to prevailing theory predicting an association between early lineage
 divergence and sex-linked ‘major genes’.
description: for
 DryadPulse rates for male
 courtship song and female acoustic preference in Laupala cerasina, L.
 eukolea, F1 interspecific hybrids and F2 interspecific
 hybrids.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mf6h7
title: Data from: Assessing the conservation value of secondary savanna for large mammals in the Brazilian Cerrado

description: Debate about the conservation value of secondary habitats has tended to
 focus on tropical forests, increasingly recognizing the role of secondary
 forests for biodiversity conservation. However, there remains a lack of
 information about the conservation value of secondary savannas. Here, we
 conducted a camera trap survey to assess the effect of secondary
 vegetation on large mammals in a Brazilian Cerrado protected area, using a
 single-season occupancy framework to investigate the response of
 individual species (species-level models) and of all species combined
 (community-level models). In addition, we investigated the cost
 effectiveness of different sampling designs to monitor globally threatened
 species in the study area. At the community level, savanna that
 regenerated from eucalyptus plantation had similar occupancy estimate as
 old growth areas. At the species level, none of the ten species
 individually assessed seemed to respond to succession stage, with greater
 support for the effect of other covariates on occupancy, such as distance
 from water and vegetation physiognomy. These results demonstrate that
 secondary vegetation does not appear to negatively impact large mammals in
 the study area and suggest that, given a favorable context, Cerrado
 mammals can recolonize and use secondary savannas that regenerated from
 clearcut. However, our study area should be considered a best-case
 scenario, as it retained key ecological attributes of high-value secondary
 habitats. Our simulations showed that a sampling design with 60 camera
 trap sites surveyed during nine occasions is appropriate to monitor most
 globally threatened species in the study area, and could be a useful
 starting point for new monitoring initiatives in other Cerrado areas.
description: largemammalrecords_VPSP_Ferreira et al 2017_BiotropicaCamera trap records of large mammals in Veredas do Peruaçu State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Each sheet refers to one large mammal species recorded in VPSP. Species codes composed of first letter of the genus and first three letters of the specific name (refer to Table S1 of the paper for species names). Within sheet, each row is a camera trap site and each column is a 7-day survey occasion.covariates_VPSP_Ferreira et al 2017_BiotropicaSite covariates used for occupancy modelling of large mammals in Veredas do Peruaçu State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Values of covariates 'Dist Peruaçu River' and 'Dist water source' have been standardized for analysis. See methods and table 1 of the paper for details on covariates.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5cf65
title: Data from: Variation in continuous reaction norms: quantifying directions of biological interest

description: Thermal performance curves are an example of continuous reaction norm
 curves of common shape. Three modes of variation in these curves--
 Vertical shift, horizontal shift, and generalist-specialist tradeoffs--
 are of special interest to evolutionary biologists. Since two of these
 modes are nonlinear, traditional methods such as Principal Component
 Analysis fail to decompose the variation into biological modes and to
 quantify the variation associated with each mode. Here we present the
 results of a new method, Template Mode of Variation (TMV), that decomposes
 the variation into predetermined modes of variation for a particular set
 of thermal performance curves. We illustrate the method using data on
 thermal sensitivity of growth rate in Pieris rapae caterpillars. The TMV
 model explains 67% of the variation in thermal performance curves among
 families; generalist-specialist tradeoffs account for 38% of the total
 between-family variation. The TMV method implemented here is applicable to
 both differences in mean and patterns of variation, and can be used with
 either phenotypic or quantitative genetic data for thermal performance
 curves or other continuous reaction norms that have a template shape with
 a single maximum. The TMV approach may also apply to growth trajectories,
 age-specific life history traits and other function-valued traits.
description: TMV matlab files and and
 example datasetA set of linked matlab
 files, example dataset, and instructions (readme file) for applying the
 Template Modes of Variation (TMV) method for analysing phenotypic or
 genetic variation in thermal performance curves and other continuous
 reaction norms.TMV.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nk25m
title: Data from: MHC, parasites and antler development in red deer: no support for the Hamilton & Zuk hypothesis

description: The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis proposes that the genetic benefits of
 preferences for elaborated secondary sexual traits have their origins in
 the arms race between hosts and parasites, which maintains genetic
 variance in parasite resistance. Infection, in turn, can be reflected in
 the expression of costly sexual ornaments. However, the link between
 immune genes, infection, and the expression of secondary sexual traits has
 rarely been investigated. Here, we explored whether the presence and
 identity of functional variants (supertypes) of the highly polymorphic
 major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is responsible for the
 recognition of parasites, predict the load of lung and gut parasites and
 antler development in the red deer (Cervus elaphus). While we found MHC
 supertypes to be associated with infection by a number of parasite
 species, including debilitating lung nematodes, we did not find support
 for the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis. On the contrary, we found that lung
 nematode load was positively associated with antler development. We also
 found that the supertypes that were associated with resistance to certain
 parasites at the same time cause susceptibility to others. Such tradeoffs
 may undermine the potential genetic benefits of mate choice for resistant
 partners.
description: Buczek et al_MHC,
 parasites and antlers
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.30mq5k0
title: Data from: Social rank, color morph, and social network metrics predict oxidative stress in a cichlid fish

description: Dominance hierarchies are a fundamental part of social systems in many
 species and social rank can influence access to resources and impact
 health and physiology. While social subordination is a profound stressor,
 few studies consider the social stress experienced by dominant males due
 to constantly needing to defend their dominance status through costly
 aggressive displays. Recent studies suggest that in species that use body
 coloration to signal status, these costs may also be color morph-specific.
 Our study examines the link between the social rank, intensity of
 territorial defense, body coloration, and oxidative stress in males of the
 color polymorphic cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni where males are
 either blue or yellow. We studied behavior in naturalistic communities and
 examined circulating reactive oxygen metabolites and antioxidant defenses.
 We found that dominant males experience higher concentrations of
 circulating reactive oxygen metabolites without notably increasing their
 antioxidant defenses, but this effect was not related to color morph.
 Aggression and social network ties predicted oxidative stress in a
 morph-specific manner, with yellow but not blue males showing signs of
 increased oxidative damage with increasing agonistic effort. In contrast
 to expectation, oxidative stress was not influenced by cortisol or
 testosterone levels. We conclude that oxidative stress is instrumental to
 understanding the costs and benefits of high social rank.
description: A-burtoni-Social-Network-Oxidative-Stress-2018"A-burtoni-Social-Network-Oxidative-Stress-2018.csv": Data required to run "A-burtoni-social-network-oxidative-stress-graphing-and statistics.r", including oxidative stress and howmone measurements, behavioral data, and social network measurements. Please view README for further details. "A-burtoni-social-network-oxidative-stress-graphing-and statistics.r" provides the R code to rerun all analyses included in the paper "Social rank, color morph, and social network metrics predict oxidative stress in a cichlid fish". "A-burtoni-social-network-oxidative-stress-network-metrics-analysis.r": provides the code used for making some of the network and stability measurements, given for reference as the data files required to run it are very extensive.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3s2q0
title: Data from: Mating system affects population performance and extinction risk under environmental challenge

description: Failure of organisms to adapt to sudden environmental changes may lead to
 extinction. Mating system, by affecting fertility and the strength of
 sexual selection, may have a major impact on a population’s chances to
 adapt and survive. Here, we use experimental evolution in bulb mites
 (Rhizoglyphus robini) to examine the effects of mating system on
 population performance under environmental change. We demonstrate that
 populations in which monogamy was enforced suffered a dramatic fitness
 decline when evolving at an increased temperature, whereas the negative
 effects of change in thermal environment were alleviated in polygamous
 populations. Strikingly, within 17 generations, all monogamous populations
 experiencing higher temperature went extinct, whereas all polygamous
 populations survived. Our results show that mating systems may have
 dramatic effects on the risk of extinction under environmental change.
description: plesnar_et_al_2012_dataData from fecundity, fertility and trans-generation effects assays on the experimental evolution lines of R. robini
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v6170
title: Data from: Temperature dependence of predation stress and the nutritional ecology of a generalist herbivore

description: Prey at risk of predation may experience stress and respond
 physiologically by altering their metabolic rates. Theory predicts that
 such physiological changes should alter prey nutrient demands from N-rich
 to C-rich macronutrients and shift the balance between maintenance and
 growth/reproduction. Theory further suggests that for ectotherms,
 temperature stands to exacerbate this stress. Yet, the interactive effects
 of predation stress and temperature stress on diet, metabolism, and
 survival of ectotherms are not well known. This knowledge gap was
 addressed with a laboratory study in which wild juvenile grasshoppers were
 collected, assigned to one of three groups, and raised at three different
 temperatures. All grasshoppers had access to equal quantities of two diets
 composed of opposite carbohydrate:protein ratios. Half of the individuals
 in each temperature group were exposed to predation risk cues from spider
 predators, while the other half were kept in risk free conditions.
 Grasshoppers consumed more carbohydrates when exposed to predation risk,
 but consumption favored greater protein intake as temperature increased.
 Moreover, the difference in carbohydrate intake between risk cue and risk
 free treatments diminished as temperature increased. Furthermore,
 variability between individual consumption patterns both within and
 between treatments decreased markedly as temperature increased, suggesting
 that higher temperatures promote more consistent individual consumption
 behaviors. Grasshoppers grew faster and larger as temperature increased,
 which translated into higher survival rates at higher temperatures. Warmer
 grasshoppers also did not alter their metabolic rates in response to
 predation risk cues, in contrast to colder grasshoppers. Digestive
 efficiency increased with temperature as well, further indicating that
 lower temperatures were much more stressful than higher temperatures for
 grasshoppers. The study shows that physiological responses of ectothermic
 herbivores to predation stress are highly plastic and temperature
 dependent, with higher temperatures promoting increased protein intake,
 growth, development, survival, and digestive efficiency relative to colder
 temperatures. These findings help to reconcile why dietary responses
 (proportion of protein vs. carbohydrate intake) to predation stress may
 vary among different prey taxa studied previously.
description: Dryad Schmitz et al
 EcologyExcel file of data used
 in data analyses and to generate figures in the article. The data used for
 each figure are presented on separate, labeled spread
 sheets.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f54m5
title: Data from: Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva & Randall subsp. n. (Perciformes: Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red Sea and Arabian Sea

description: The number of goatfish sp­­ecies has increased recently, thanks in part to
 the application of molecular approaches to the taxonomy of a family with
 conservative morphology and widespread intraspecific color variation. A
 new subspecies Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva
 & Randall subsp. n. is described from the Red Sea and Arabian Sea,
 including Socotra and Gulf of Oman. The two subspecies are distinguished
 by 1.7% sequence divergence at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a
 yellow caudal fin, 25-28 gill rakers, and 37-38 lateral-line scales. The
 morphometric examination of specimens of M. flavolineatus flavolineatus
 revealed variation in head length, eye diameter, and barbel length, in
 western direction from the Hawaiian Islands, South Pacific, Micronesia,
 and the East Indies to the Indian Ocean.  The population of the
 subspecies in the Gulf of Aqaba is distinguished from that of the
 remaining Red Sea by shorter barbels, smaller eyes, shorter heads, and
 shorter pelvic fins. We present a list of 26 endemic fishes from the Gulf
 of Aqaba and discuss and discuss the probable basis for the endemism in
 the light of the geological history of this region.
description: Mulloidichthys
 flavolineatus measurementsFor each specimen
 examined we provide Standard Length, Head Length, Head Length in Standard
 Length, Eye Diameter, Eye Diameter in Standard Length, Barbel Length, and
 Barbel Length in Standard LengthM_f_flavolineatus_data_dryad.xlsx