cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg79cnp78
title: A comprehensive index for threatened biodiversity valuation

description: We present a new comprehensive index for mapping the relative conservation
 value of threatened biodiversity. The index is based on explicit criteria
 to (1) select threatened species according to regional government
 responsibility for species’ conservation; (2) combine species’ presence by
 means of weighting factors based on differences in threat status,
 sensitivity to disturbance, functional role, and amount of knowledge; and
 (3) map species distributions at the scale of 1 km×1 km UTM squares or
 lower from the information available. We tested the performance of the
 index in the forest of Andalusia (southern Spain), an extensive European
 region of 87,268 km2, with 43,864 km2 (ca. 50%) classified as forest
 habitats. All species included in the Annexes of the European Birds and
 Habitats Directives inhabiting the target area, plus the regionally
 endemic species either ‘Critically Endangered’ or ‘Endangered’ not (yet)
 covered by the Directives were selected. The final list included 224
 species: 81 plants, 76 birds, 31 mammals, 22 arthropods, six reptiles,
 five amphibians, and three mollusks. Fine-scale distribution maps were
 available for 108 species (48%). The remaining maps were downscaled from
 published 10 km×10 km UTM maps using knowledge on species’ habitat
 requirements and land-use maps. We overlapped the fine-scale maps with the
 86,546 forest tiles of the Andalusian Forest Map and weighted presences by
 a factor of relative conservation estimated for each species to obtain an
 index of the relative conservation of each forest tile. Index values were
 higher in protected areas, and in different forest habitats according to
 expected numbers of endangered species. Index values were correlated with
 the existence value of threatened species, but the index underestimate
 existence values especially for the most valuable tiles. The proposed
 index allows mapping the relative conservation value of threatened
 biodiversity by integrating knowledge on all threatened species into a
 single variable. Integration is based on explicit methodological criteria
 for species selection, combination of relative conservation values, and
 estimation of downscaled maps. Accurate mapping and synthetic summary of
 compulsory data on the conservation status of all species present in a
 territory advise its extended use for threatened biodiversity valuation in
 both Europe and elsewhere.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.98sf7m0dz
title: Allometric escape from acoustic constraints in frog calls is rare

description: Allometric constraint is a product of natural selection, particularly with
 respect to body size and traits constrained by physical properties
 thereof, such as metabolism, longevity, and vocal frequency. Parameters
 describing allometric relationships are conserved across most lineages,
 indicating that physical constraints dictate scaling patterns in deep
 time, despite substantial genetic and ecological divergence among
 organisms. Acoustic allometry (sound frequency ~ body size) is conserved
 across frogs, in defiance of massive variation in both body size and
 frequency. Here, we find four major instances of allometric escape,
 potentially deriving from ecomorphological adaptations to new signal
 modalities and invasion of biogeographic regions. In these instances of
 allometric escape, the optima and strength of the scaling relationship are
 different than expected for most other frog species, representing new
 adaptive regimes of body size ~ call frequency. Allometric constraints in
 frogs are highly conserved and have rarely promoted allometric escape
 despite frequent invasions of new adaptive regimes and dramatic
 ecomorphological divergence. Our results highlight instances in which
 natural and sexual selection combined could overcome physical constraints
 on sound production.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2jm63xsk0
title: Data from: Quantifying water requirements of African ungulates through a combination of functional traits

description: Climate and land use change modify surface water availability in African
 savannas. Surface water is a key resource for both wildlife and livestock
 and its spatial and temporal distribution is important for understanding
 the composition of large herbivore assemblages in savannas. Yet, the
 extent to which ungulate species differ in their water requirements
 remains poorly quantified. Here, we infer the water requirements of 48
 African ungulates by combining six different functional traits related to
 physiological adaptations to reduce water loss, namely minimum dung
 moisture, relative dung pellet size, relative surface area of the distal
 colon, urine osmolality, relative medullary thickness and evaporation
 rate. In addition, we investigated how these differences in water
 requirements relate to differences in dietary water intake. We observed
 strong correlations between traits related to water loss through dung,
 urine and evaporation, suggesting that ungulates minimize water loss
 through multiple pathways simultaneously, which suggests that each trait
 can thus be used independently to predict water requirements. Furthermore,
 we found that browsers and grazers had similar water requirements, but
 browsers are expected to be less dependent on surface water because they
 acquire more water through their diet. We conclude that these key
 functional traits are a useful way to determine differences in water
 requirements and an important tool for predicting changes in herbivore
 community assembly resulting from changes in surface water availability.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gthxn
title: Virus mediated trophic interactions between aphids and their natural enemies

description: Microbial endosymbionts alter the phenotype of their host which may have
 cascading effects at both population and community levels. However, we
 currently lack information on whether the effects of viruses on both host
 phenotypic traits and host population demography can modify interactions
 with upper trophic levels. To fill this gap, we investigated whether a
 prevalent densovirus infecting the aphid Myzus persicae (i.e., MpDNV) can
 modify trophic interactions between host aphids and their natural enemies
 (i.e., predators and parasitoids) by influencing aphid phenotypic traits
 (i.e., body mass and defensive behaviours), population demography (i.e.
 density and age-structure) and susceptibility towards both predation and
 parasitism. We found that the virus decreased aphid body mass but did not
 influence their behavioural defences. At the population level, the virus
 had a minor effect on aphid adult mortality whereas it strongly reduced
 the density of nymphs and influenced the stage structure of aphid
 populations. In addition, the virus enhanced the susceptibility of aphids
 to parasitism regardless of the parasitoid species. Predation rate on
 adult aphids was not influenced by the virus but ladybeetle predators
 strongly decreased the number of aphid nymphs, especially for uninfected
 ones compared to infected ones. As a result, the virus decreased predator
 effects on aphid populations. By reducing both aphid quality and
 availability, increasing their susceptibility to parasitism, and
 modulating predator effect on aphid populations, we highlighted that viral
 endosymbionts can be prevalent drivers of their host ecology as they
 modify their phenotypes and interspecific interactions. These
 virus-mediated ecological effects may have consequences on enemies
 foraging strategies as well as trophic webs dynamics and structure.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tqjq2bvts
title: Quantifying individual variation in reaction norms: mind the residual

description: Phenotypic plasticity is a central topic in ecology and evolution.
 Individuals may differ in the degree of plasticity
 (individual-by-environment interaction (I×E)), which has implications for
 the capacity of populations to respond to selection. Random regression
 models (RRMs) are a popular tool to study I×E in behavioural or
 life-history traits, yet evidence for I×E is mixed, differing between
 species, populations, and even between studies on the same population. One
 important source of discrepancies between studies is the treatment of
 heterogeneity in residual variance (heteroscedasticity). To date, there
 seems to be no collective awareness among ecologists of its influence on
 the estimation of I×E or a consensus on how to best model it. We performed
 RRMs with differing residual variance structures on simulated data with
 varying degrees of heteroscedasticity and plasticity, sample size and
 environmental variability to test how RRMs would perform under each
 scenario. The residual structure in the RRMs affected the precision of
 estimates of simulated I×E as well as statistical power, with substantial
 lack of precision and high false-positive rates when sample size,
 environmental variability and plasticity were small. We show that model
 comparison using information criteria can be used to choose among residual
 structures, and reinforce this point by analysis of real data of two study
 populations of great tits (Parus major). We provide guidelines that can be
 used by biologists studying I×E that, ultimately, should lead to a
 reduction in bias in the literature concerning the statistical evidence
 and the reported magnitude of variation in plasticity.
description: For questions about the R codes, please contact Jip Ramakers
 (jip.ramakers@gmail.com). For questions about (the
 usage of) the Vlieland great tit data, please contact Marcel E. Visser,
 head of the department Animal Ecology at NIOO-KNAW
 (m.visser@nioo.knaw.nl)
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14643082
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.6078/d1mm6b
title: Data from: Enriched East Asian oxygen isotope of precipitation indicates reduced summer seasonality in regional climate and westerlies

description: This archive contain the isoGSM2 model output used in
 the publication  Chiang, J. C. H., M. J. Herman, K. Yoshimura,
 and I. Y. Fung: Enriched East Asian oxygen isotope of
 precipitation indicates reduced summer seasonality in regional
 climate and westerlies.  In press for Proceedings of the National
 Academy of Sciences, April 2020
description: See the README file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4p5
title: Strong and weak cross-sex correlations govern the quantitative-genetic architecture of social group choice in Drosophila melanogaster

description: When genotypes differ in niche-constructing traits, genotypes are expected
 to differ in which environments they experience, providing a novel causal
 relationship between genotypes, environments, and behavior. Such genetic
 variation in niche construction (or, more precisely, environment
 construction) is predicted to be especially important for social
 environments, yet the quantitative-genetic parameters governing such
 variation is still poorly understood. Here, we examine genetic variation
 and cross-sex genetic correlations for social environment-constructing
 behaviors. We focus on whether genetic variation in patch use—the tendency
 to spend time near food patches where conspecifics may be present—and
 group-size preference—the specific group size chosen when individuals are
 affiliating—is correlated or decoupled across sexes in the fruit
 fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Across three choice treatments, we
 find genotype and sex differences in how much time individuals spend near
 patches, and which group sizes they prefer. We find that the genetic basis
 of patch use is strongly coupled across sexes, whereas the genetic basis
 of group-size preference is completely decoupled across sexes. We
 discuss how these findings augment and complicate our understanding of the
 evolutionary genetics of social behaviors.
description: Please see manuscript for experimental details
description: Dryad data for: Strong and weak cross-sex correlations govern the quantitative-genetic architecture of social group choice in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>   data.csv Results from experiments testing genetic variation in group-size preference in male and female fruit flies.  See associated paper for methods.     Trial: unique number identifying each individual focal fly   date: the date the trial was performed.   genotype: Refers to the DGRP genotypes that were crossed to produce individuals for behavioral testing.  The first number refers to the genotype of the mother and the second to the father.  For example, 786/820 would represent an individual whose mother was genotype R-786 and whose father was genotype R-820   sex: the sex of the focal fly   shelf: which shelf the arena was located on in our lab   missing data: data quality check for missing data.  Should be 0 for all flies in this final dataset.   y: the number of times that the focal fly was observed perching near the large or small group   size: whether the measure of y in the adjacent column refers to the small social group or the large social group   side: whether the large group was on the left or right-hand side of the arena   treatment: the choices available to the focal fly, see manuscript for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4qv6
title: Data from: Adaptive estimation for epidemic renewal and phylogenetic skyline models

description: Estimating temporal changes in a target population from phylogenetic or
 count data is an important problem in ecology and epidemiology. Reliable
 estimates can provide key insights into the climatic and biological
 drivers influencing the diversity or structure of that population and
 evidence hypotheses concerning its future growth or decline. In infectious
 disease applications, the individuals infected across an epidemic form the
 target population. The renewal model estimates the effective reproduction
 number, R, of the epidemic from counts of observed incident cases. The
 skyline model infers the effective population size, N, underlying a
 phylogeny of sequences sampled from that epidemic. Practically, R measures
 ongoing epidemic growth while N informs on historical caseload. While both
 models solve distinct problems, the reliability of their estimates depends
 on p-dimensional piecewise-constant functions. If p is misspecified, the
 model might underfit significant changes or overfit noise and promote a
 spurious understanding of the epidemic, which might misguide intervention
 policies or misinform forecasts. Surprisingly, no transparent yet
 principled approach for optimising p exists. Usually, p is heuristically
 set, or obscurely controlled via complex algorithms. We present a
 computable and interpretable p-selection method based on the minimum
 description length (MDL) formalism of information theory. Unlike many
 standard model selection techniques, MDL accounts for the additional
 statistical complexity induced by how parameters interact. As a result,
 our method optimises p so that R and N estimates properly and meaningfully
 adapt to available data. It also outperforms comparable Akaike and
 Bayesian information criteria on several classification problems, given
 minimal knowledge of the parameter space, and exposes statistical
 similarities among renewal, skyline and other models in biology. Rigorous
 and interpretable model selection is necessary if trustworthy and
 justifiable conclusions are to be drawn from piecewise models.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nvx0k6dnf
title: Data from: Decadal heat and drought drive body size of North American bison (Bison bison) along the Great Plains

description: Large grazers are visible and valuable indicators of the effects of
 projected changes in temperature and drought on grasslands. The grasslands
 of the Great Plains has supported the greatest number of bison (Bison
 bison; Linnaeus, 1758) since prehistoric times. We tested the hypothesis
 that body mass (BM; kg) and asymptotic body mass (ABM; kg) of Bison
 decline with rising temperature and increasing drought over both temporal
 and spatial scales along the Great Plains. Temporally, we modeled the
 relationship of annual measures of BM and height (H; m) of 5781 Bison at
 Wind Cave National Park (WICA) from 1966 to 2015. We used Gompertz
 equations of BM against age to estimate ABM in decadal cohorts; both
 females and males decreased from 1960s to 2010s. Male ABM was variable but
 consistently larger (699 vs. 441 kg) than female ABM. We used local mean
 decadal temperature (MDT) and local mean decadal Palmer Drought Severity
 Index (dPDSI) to model the effects of climate on ABM. Drought decreased
 ABM temporally (˗16 kg/local dPDSI) at WICA. Spatially, we used
 photogrammetry to measure body height (H) of 773 Bison to estimate BM in
 19 herds from Saskatchewan to Texas, including WICA. Drought also
 decreased ABM spatially (˗16 kg/local dPDSI) along the Great Plains.
 Temperature decreased ABM both temporally at WICA (˗115 kg/°C local MDT)
 and spatially (˗1 kg/°C local MDT) along the Great Plains. Our data
 indicate that temperature and drought drive Bison ABM presumably by
 affecting seasonal mass gain. Bison body size is likely to decline over
 the next five decades throughout the Great Plains due to projected
 increases in temperatures and both the frequency and intensity of drought.
description: Excerpt from the methods section of the article, "The
 spatial dataset included 1,995 photogrammetric images collected from 19
 localities over the summer of 2017 and the following winter of 2017-2018
 along the Great Plains. Ultimately, we used 773 photographs from 579
 female and 194 male <i>Bison </i>to estimate height
 (H<sub>E</sub>; m; Fig. 5) and body mass
 (BM<sub>E</sub>; kg; Fig. 3) across 19 herds ranging from
 Saskatchewan (52.2 °N) to Texas (30.7 °N) during the summer of 2017 and
 following winter of 2017-2018. As an aside, this spatial dataset included
 WICA (43.6 °N; Fig. 2, site 8) as a site to establish a control for
 comparison between the spatial and temporal datasets.
 <i>Bison</i> BM<sub>E</sub> was predicted from
 known H and estimated H<sub>E</sub> (using results from
 Equation 1, which are reported as Equations 3 and 4) for both males and
 females."
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xt7
title: Agricultural intensification drives changes in hybrid network robustness by modifying network structure

description: Within ecological communities, species engage in myriad interaction types,
 yet empirical examples of hybrid species interaction networks composed of
 multiple types of interactions are still scarce. A key knowledge gap is
 understanding how the structure and stability of such hybrid networks are
 affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Using 15,169 interaction
 observations, we constructed 16 hybrid herbivore-plant-pollinator networks
 along an agricultural intensification gradient to explore changes in
 network structure and robustness to local extinctions. We found that
 agricultural intensification led to declines in modularity but increases
 in nestedness and connectance. Notably, network connectance, a structural
 feature typically thought to increase robustness, caused declines in
 hybrid network robustness, but the directionality of changes in robustness
 along the gradient depended on the order of local species extinctions. Our
 results not only demonstrate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on
 hybrid network structure, but they also provide unexpected insights into
 the structure-stability relationship of hybrid networks.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncpb
title: Individual-based networks reveal the highly skewed interactions of a frugivore mutualist with individual plants in a diverse community

description: While plant-animal interactions occur fundamentally at the individual
 level, the bulk of research examining the mechanisms that drive
 interaction patterns has focused on the species or population level. In
 seed-dispersal mutualisms between frugivores and plants, little is known
 about the role of space and individual-level variation among plants in
 structuring patterns of frugivore foraging and, thus, seed dispersal in a
 plant community. Here we use an animal perspective to examine how space
 and variation between individual plants affect movement and visitation by
 frugivores foraging on individual fruiting plants. To do this, we used a
 spatially explicit network approach informed by observations of the
 movement and foraging of a frugivorous lemur species (Eulemur rubriventer)
 amongst individual plants in a diverse plant community in Madagascar. The
 resulting hierarchical networks, in which a few individual plants received
 the bulk of the interactions, demonstrated how a generalist frugivore
 species could act as an individual-plant specialist within a plant
 community. The few individual plants that dominated interactions with the
 lemurs shaped the modular spatial structure of frugivory interactions in
 the community and facilitated visitation to near neighbors. This
 interaction structure was primarily driven by extrinsic factors, as lemur
 movements among plants were significantly influenced by the individual
 plant’s spatial position and the species richness of fruiting plants in
 its immediate neighborhood. Individual plants in central spatial
 locations, with a rich fruiting neighborhood and large fruit crops,
 received the most visits. The observed drastic inequality in the
 interactions of a generalist frugivore within a highly diverse plant
 community highlights the importance of considering individual-level
 variation for essential ecosystem processes, such as seed dispersal.
description: Data include a record of direct observations of lemur foraging
 for fruit amongst individually tagged trees in the forests of Ranomafana
 National Park. The data include the date, time, gps location, plant
 species and plant individual tag for each frugivory event. The
 observations were done on two lemur groups in the Valohoaka site in the
 intact forest of RNP over the months of May-August 2018. The data also
 include surveys of the fruiting neigborhoods (within 10 m) of each plant
 in which a foraging event took place. Records include the data of the
 survey, that ID of the focal tree and the species and fruit crop
 (Quantified by a catergorical variable 1-5) of each fruiting
 tree.