cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2cc0tv2g
title: Seasonal soil active layer measurements from a Circumpolar Active Layer monitoring (CALM) grid, (R14) Chukochya River, Kolyma, Russia. 1996-2020.

description: The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program represents the only coordinated program providing collection, standardization, open access, and dissemination of active-layer data world-wide. Widespread, systematic changes in the thickness of the active layer could have profound effects on the flux of greenhouse gases, on the human infrastructure in cold regions, and on landscape and hydrologic processes. It is therefore critical that observational and analytical procedures continue over decadal periods to assess trends and detect cumulative, long-term changes. This dataset contains active-layer observations conducted by the CALM program since the 1990s, supported by a series of National Science Foundation (NSF) awards. CALM program is an integral part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost. CALM 2020 data are significantly reduced due to pandemic-related travel restrictions. Available 2020 data are limited in terms of extent, and observations were not as controlled as previous years in terms of measurement timing or method, and therefore should be treated with caution.
DOI: 10.18739/a2h41jn73
title: Seasonal soil active layer measurements from a Circumpolar Active Layer monitoring (CALM) grid, (13B) Cape Chukochi, alas, Kolyma, Russia. 2000-2020.

description: The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program represents the only coordinated program providing collection, standardization, open access, and dissemination of active-layer data world-wide. Widespread, systematic changes in the thickness of the active layer could have profound effects on the flux of greenhouse gases, on the human infrastructure in cold regions, and on landscape and hydrologic processes. It is therefore critical that observational and analytical procedures continue over decadal periods to assess trends and detect cumulative, long-term changes. This dataset contains active-layer observations conducted by the CALM program since the 1990s, supported by a series of National Science Foundation (NSF) awards. CALM program is an integral part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost. CALM 2020 data are significantly reduced due to pandemic-related travel restrictions. Available 2020 data are limited in terms of extent, and observations were not as controlled as previous years in terms of measurement timing or method, and therefore should be treated with caution.
DOI: 10.18739/a2mw28g1j
title: Seasonal soil active layer measurements from a Circumpolar Active Layer monitoring (CALM) grid, (13A) Cape Chukochii; edoma,Kolyma, Russia. 1999-2020.

description: The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program represents the only coordinated program providing collection, standardization, open access, and dissemination of active-layer data world-wide. Widespread, systematic changes in the thickness of the active layer could have profound effects on the flux of greenhouse gases, on the human infrastructure in cold regions, and on landscape and hydrologic processes. It is therefore critical that observational and analytical procedures continue over decadal periods to assess trends and detect cumulative, long-term changes. This dataset contains active-layer observations conducted by the CALM program since the 1990s, supported by a series of National Science Foundation (NSF) awards. CALM program is an integral part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost. CALM 2020 data are significantly reduced due to pandemic-related travel restrictions. Available 2020 data are limited in terms of extent, and observations were not as controlled as previous years in terms of measurement timing or method, and therefore should be treated with caution.
DOI: 10.18739/a2np1wk4n
title: Holocene lake-based Arctic glacier and ice cap records

description: This data is supplement to "Glaciers and ice caps through the Holocene: A pan–Arctic synthesis of lake–based reconstructions" and summarizes 66 lake–based records of Holocene glacier and ice cap variations from seven Arctic regions: Alaska (n=6), the archipelagos of the eastern Canadian Arctic (n=5), glaciers and ice caps (GICs) peripheral to the Greenland Ice Sheet (n=22), Iceland (n=5), the Scandinavian peninsula (n=20), Svalbard (n=7), and the Russian high Arctic (n=2) (plus one non-lake record). For each included lake record, glacier and ice cap status is defined in 100–year intervals from 12–0 kiloannum (ka), where 0 = glacially influenced, and 1 = a smaller than present or absent glacier or ice cap. Arctic–wide, the percent of glaciers and ice caps smaller than present or absent is summarized in 100–year intervals from 12–0 ka. Blank cells indicate time periods with no data available, or when the status of the glacier or ice cap was unknown or ambiguous. We assign each record a unique site identifier. See "Site Information" for additional metadata on each record including: region, site # in regional compilations, original reference(s), lake name, glacier or ice cap name, latitude, and longitude.
DOI: 10.18739/a22805070
title: Holocene lake-based Arctic glacier and ice cap records

description: This data is supplement to "Arctic glaciers and ice caps through the Holocene: A circumpolar synthesis of lake–based reconstructions" and summarizes 66 lake–based records of Holocene glacier and ice cap variations from seven Arctic regions: Alaska (n=6), Baffin Island, Canada (n=5), glaciers and ice caps (GICs) peripheral to the Greenland Ice Sheet (n=22), Iceland (n=5), the Scandinavian peninsula (n=20), Svalbard (n=7), and the Russian high Arctic (n=2) (plus one non-lake record). For each included lake record, glacier and ice cap status is defined in 100–year intervals from 12–0 kiloannum (ka), where 0 = glacially influenced, and 1 = a smaller than present or absent glacier or ice cap. Arctic–wide, the percent of glaciers and ice caps smaller than present or absent is summarized in 100–year intervals from 12–0 ka. Blank cells indicate time periods with no data available, or when the status of the glacier or ice cap was unknown or ambiguous. We assign each record a unique site identifier. See "Site Information" for additional metadata on each record including: region, site # in regional compilations, original reference(s), lake name, glacier or ice cap name, latitude, and longitude.
DOI: 10.18739/a2d21rk53
title: Supraglacial stream discharge measurements from six catchments within the Pâqitsoq region of Sermeq Avannarleq, western Greenland Ice Sheet 2017 -2018

description: Meltwater produced on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface is routed through complex networks of supraglacial streams across the ice surface. Most of the supraglacial streams on the GrIS terminate into moulins. Moulins are vertical conduits that penetrate through the entire ice thickness and deliver meltwater to the ice sheet's bed where water pressure fluctuations can modulate sliding speed. A poorly constrained parameter in glacial hydrological models is the timing and the volume of meltwater entering moulins within the GrIS ablation area. Here, we present direct measurements of supraglacial stream discharge within six catchments within the GrIS ablation area during the 2017 and 2018 melt seasons. In 2017 we measured stream discharge using a fluorescent dye dilution method. We continuously injected a Rhodamine WT solution (known concentration and pumping rate) into supraglacial streams and measured the dye concentration with a Cyclops fluorometer installed 50-100 meters downstream of the dye injection site. In 2018 using a continuous wave Doppler flowmeter (Teledyne ISCO 2150) that was installed on the stream's floor. We then use these measurements to model catchment discharge from runoff data (Mejia et al., 2021) using the synthetic unit hydrograph, following the methodology described by King 2018.
DOI: 10.18739/a2tx3573q
title: Code for sea ice drift tracks from the Distributed Network of autonomous buoys deployed during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition 2019 - 2021

description: The largest ever network of autonomous ice-tethered buoys was deployed as a Distributed Network (DN) surrounding the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Central Observatory (CO). This extensive network of 112 Global Positioning System (GPS) buoys and 12 multi-instrumented ice stations captured the annual cycle of Arctic sea ice drift and deformation for the first time as the DN traversed the Transpolar Drift Stream. GPS position data from buoys deployed during the year-long MOSAiC experiment capture sea ice drift and deformation at spatial scales ranging from 100s of meters to 200 kilometers (km) from late September 2019 into 2021. This data set contains the code files used to perform quality control on raw ice-tethered buoy drift data from the MOSAiC expedition Distributed Network. The code was used to produce the Sea ice drift tracks from the Distributed Network of autonomous buoys deployed during the MOSAiC expedition 2019 - 2021 data set. A file for each of the Interactive Data Language (IDL), python, and bash scripts are provided with a README file describing how to run the code.
DOI: 10.18739/a2jd4pq7v
title: Code for sea ice drift tracks from the Distributed Network of autonomous buoys deployed during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition 2019 - 2021

description: The largest ever network of autonomous ice-tethered buoys was deployed as a Distributed Network (DN) surrounding the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Central Observatory (CO). This extensive network of 112 Global Positioning System (GPS) buoys and 12 multi-instrumented ice stations captured the annual cycle of Arctic sea ice drift and deformation for the first time as the DN traversed the Transpolar Drift Stream. GPS position data from buoys deployed during the year-long MOSAiC experiment capture sea ice drift and deformation at spatial scales ranging from 100s of meters to 200 kilometers (km) from late September 2019 into 2021. This data set contains the code files used to perform quality control on raw ice-tethered buoy drift data from the MOSAiC expedition Distributed Network. The code was used to produce the Sea ice drift tracks from the Distributed Network of autonomous buoys deployed during the MOSAiC expedition 2019 - 2021 data set. A file for each of the Interactive Data Language (IDL), python, and bash scripts are provided with a README file describing how to run the code.
DOI: 10.18739/a2gt5fg86
title: Root carbon pools across a post-fire tree density gradient in far northeastern Siberia, 2015 - 2017

description: Fire severity is increasing in larch forests of the Siberian Arctic as climate warms, and initial fire impacts on tree demographic processes could be an especially important determinant of long-term forest structure and carbon (C) dynamics. We hypothesized that changes in post-fire larch recruitment impact C accumulation through tree density impacts on understory microclimate and permafrost thaw. We tested these hypotheses by quantifying C pools across a Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) tree density gradient within a fire perimeter near Cherskiy, Russia that burned in 1940. Across the density gradient, from 2010 - 2017 we inventoried larch trees and harvested ground-layer vegetation to estimate above ground contribution to C pools. We also quantified woody debris C pools and sampled below ground C pools (soil, fine roots, and coarse roots) in the organic + upper mineral soils. Our findings should highlight the potential for a climate-driven increase in fire severity to alter tree recruitment, successional dynamics, and C cycling in Siberian larch forests.
DOI: 10.18739/a2639k644
title: Root carbon pools across a post-fire tree density gradient in far northeastern Siberia, 2015 - 2017

description: Fire severity is increasing in larch forests of the Siberian Arctic as climate warms, and initial fire impacts on tree demographic processes could be an especially important determinant of long-term forest structure and carbon (C) dynamics. We hypothesized that changes in post-fire larch recruitment impact C accumulation through tree density impacts on understory microclimate and permafrost thaw. We tested these hypotheses by quantifying C pools across a Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) tree density gradient within a fire perimeter near Cherskiy, Russia that burned in 1940. Across the density gradient, from 2010 - 2017 we inventoried larch trees and harvested ground-layer vegetation to estimate above ground contribution to C pools. We also quantified woody debris C pools and sampled below ground C pools (soil, fine roots, and coarse roots) in the organic + upper mineral soils. Our findings should highlight the potential for a climate-driven increase in fire severity to alter tree recruitment, successional dynamics, and C cycling in Siberian larch forests.
DOI: 10.18739/a24t6f442
title: Model output from particle tracking simulations to assess formation of benthic hotspots on the northern Bering and Chukchi Shelf, 1995-2014

description: This dataset contains particle tracking model results used to analyze the formation of benthic hotspots on the northern Bering and Chukchi continental shelf. The object of our study is to better understand the interplay between biological production and physical transport processes on supplying biogenic materials to various hotspot subdomains in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. The tracking results provide key information for determining the advective spatio-temporal scales and source regions of biogenic particles that ultimately settle to the benthic hotspots. A detailed description of the modeling approach and data analyses could be found in a journal publication by Feng et al., 2021 (Feng, Z., Ji, R., Ashjian, C., Zhang, J., Campbell, R., and Grebmeier, J. M. 2021. Benthic hotspots on the northern Bering and Chukchi continental shelf: Spatial variability in production regimes and environmental drivers. Progress in Oceanography, 191: 102497).
DOI: 10.18739/a2696zz9w
title: Melt Pond Maps around the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Drifting Station derived from High Resolution Optical Imagery, 2020

description: This dataset contains surface maps of sea ice melt pond locations around the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) drifting station. High resolution satellite imagery (0.5 meter (m) per pixel) was acquired by the Planet SkySat satellite platform targeting the drifting track of the MOSAiC central observatory. These satellite images were processed with the OSSP (Open Source Sea ice Processing) Algorithm to categorize the surface observed in each image into four categories: 1) Snow and thick ice, 2) thin or slushy ice, 3) melt ponds and submerged ice, and 4) open water. Each image of surface classifications is a geotiff that contains the georeferencing data of the source satellite image.
DOI: 10.18739/a2hx15r9s
title: Beryllium-10 measurements from Jakobshavn Isbræ, 2018

description: Erosion beneath glaciers and ice sheets is a fundamental Earth-surface process dictating landscape development, which in turn influences ice-flow dynamics and the climate sensitivity of ice masses. The rate at which subglacial erosion takes place, however, is notoriously difficult to observe because it occurs beneath modern glaciers in a largely inaccessible environment. The data presented here are 31 Beryllium-10 (Be-10) measurements from bedrock surfaces near Jakobshavn Isbræ, western Greenland, collected in August 2018, that we use to calculate exposure ages and subglacial erosion rates for the period of historical ice cover. Also included are 17 Be-10 measurements in a 4-meter (m)-long bedrock core, taken within the same landscape, that we use to constrain subglacial erosion rates on centennial and orbital timescales. Here we provide all input data needed to independently calculate Be-10 ages or erosion rates, including the associated lab-blank dataset.
DOI: 10.5519/qd.cizuhy7i
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (1 records)
DOI: 10.18739/a29s1km49
title: Beryllium-10 measurements from Jakobshavn Isbræ, 2018

description: Erosion beneath glaciers and ice sheets is a fundamental Earth-surface process dictating landscape development, which in turn influences ice-flow dynamics and the climate sensitivity of ice masses. The rate at which subglacial erosion takes place, however, is notoriously difficult to observe because it occurs beneath modern glaciers in a largely inaccessible environment. The data presented here are 31 Beryllium-10 (Be-10) measurements from bedrock surfaces near Jakobshavn Isbræ, western Greenland, collected in August 2018, that we use to calculate exposure ages and subglacial erosion rates for the period of historical ice cover. Also included are 17 Be-10 measurements in a 4-meter (m)-long bedrock core, taken within the same landscape, that we use to constrain subglacial erosion rates on centennial and orbital timescales. Here we provide all input data needed to independently calculate Be-10 ages or erosion rates, including the associated lab-blank dataset.
DOI: 10.18739/a22v2cb5m
title: Sermilik, Greenland 3D iceberg data, summer 2017

description: This dataset is comprised of raw on-iceberg Geographic Positioning System (GPS) data, sound-speed corrected iceberg subsurface multibeam data (not corrected for iceberg movement), and iceberg surface three dimensional (3D) point clouds, constructed using structure from motion (SFM) of drone imagery. Data were collected during the summer of 2017 in Sermilik Fjord, East Greenland. Processing methods for these data are explained in the manuscript 'Measurements of iceberg melt rates using high-resolution GPS and iceberg surface scans' by Kristin M. Schild, David A. Sutherland, Pedro Elosegui and Daniel Duncan, published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2021 (doi: 10.1029/2020GL089765). The abstract and plain language summary for that paper are included below. Abstract Increasing freshwater input to the subpolar North Atlantic through iceberg melting can influence fjord-scale to basin-scale ocean circulation. However, the magnitude, timing, and distribution of this freshwater have been challenging to quantify due to minimal direct observations of subsurface iceberg geometry and melt rates. Here we present novel in situ methods capturing iceberg change at high-temporal and -spatial resolution using four high-precision GPS units deployed on two large icebergs greater than 500 meters (m) in length. In combination with measurements of surface and subsurface geometry, we calculate iceberg melt rates between 0.10–0.27 m/day over the 9-day survey. These melt rates are lower than those proposed in previous studies, likely due to using individual subsurface iceberg geometries in calculations. In combining these new measurements of iceberg geometry and melt rate with the broad spatial coverage of remote sensing, we can better predict the impact of increasing freshwater injection from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Plain Language Summary The acceleration of Greenland glaciers has led to an increase of icebergs discharged in nearby waters. As icebergs melt, they release freshwater into salty ocean waters, impacting local circulation. In order to understand how global circulation will change in the future, we need accurate iceberg melt rates. To do this, we use measurements of mass loss from on-iceberg GPS units, and 3D iceberg geometry constructed from aerial drone and subsurface sonar data. We found melt rates smaller than previous studies and strong evidence for variable overall melt rates with different keel depths and over time. This study is the first of its kind to calculate melt rates using exact iceberg geometry. To better predict iceberg impacts, future iceberg studies should take these geometry results into account.
DOI: 10.15787/vtt1/0fl7i4
title: Human Factors of Level 3 Automation: Surprise Event Response Evaluation​ (VTTI-00-033)

description: Project Description: An increasing number of conditionally automated driving (CAD) systems are being developed by major automotive manufacturers. In a CAD system, the automated system is in control of the vehicle within its operational design domain. Therefore, in CAD the vehicle is capable of tactical control of the vehicle and can maneuver evasively by braking or steering to avoid objects. During these evasive maneuvers, the driver may attempt to take back control of the vehicle by intervening. A driver interrupting a CAD vehicle while properly performing an evasive maneuver presents a potential safety risk. To investigate this issue, 36 participants were recruited to participate in a Wizard-of-Oz research study. The participants experienced one of two evasive maneuvers on the Virginia Smart Roads test track. The evasive maneuver required the CAD system to brake or steer to avoid a box placed in the lane of travel of the test vehicle. Data Scope: The dataset includes kinematic data for the 36 study participants. Additionally, behavioral data, including eye glance and interaction with the vehicle controls, is included 34 participants were obtained via annotation of the video data. Data were collected from event start to event end. Event start was defined as when the test vehicle reached a predetermined landmark ~106 meters before the object placed in the roadway. Event end was defined as when the vehicle velocity reached 0 mph for the braking maneuvers or when the front of the vehicle was even with the object, as determined by the front video view, for the swerving maneuvers. Data Specification: Please see the VTTI-00-033_Eye_Glance-Data_Dictionary.xlsx and VTTI-00-033_Maneuver_Response-Data_Dictionary.xlsx files below.