DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw75c
title: Admixture with cultivated sunflower likely facilitated establishment and spread of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Argentina

description: A better understanding of the genetic and ecological factors underlying
 successful invasions is critical to mitigate the negative impacts of
 invasive species. Here, we study the invasion history of Helianthus annuus
 populations from Argentina, with particular emphasis on the role of
 post-introduction admixture with cultivated sunflower (also H. annuus) and
 climate adaptation driven by large haploblocks. We conducted
 genotyping-by-sequencing of samples of wild populations as well as
 Argentinian cultivars and compared them with wild (including related
 annual Helianthus species) and cultivated samples from the native range.
 We also characterized samples for 11 known haploblocks associated with
 environmental variation in native populations to test whether haploblocks
 contributed to invasion success. Population genomics analyses supported
 two independent geographic sources for Argentinian populations, the
 central United States and Texas, but no significant contribution of
 related annual Helianthus species. We found pervasive admixture with
 cultivated sunflower, likely as result of post-introduction hybridization.
 Genomic scans between invasive populations and their native sources
 identified multiple genomic regions of divergence, possibly indicative of
 selection, in the invaded range. These regions significantly overlapped
 between the two native-invasive comparisons and showed disproportionally
 high crop ancestry, suggesting that crop alleles contributed to invasion
 success. We did not find evidence of climate adaptation mediated by
 haploblocks, yet outliers of genome scans were enriched in haploblock
 regions and, for at least two haploblocks, the cultivar haplotype was
 favoured in Argentina. Our results show that admixture with cultivated
 sunflower played a major role in the establishment and spread of H. annuus
 populations in Argentina.
description: # Admixture with cultivated sunflower likely facilitated establishment and
 spread of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Argentina
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw75c](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw75c) ## Description of the data and file structure vcf files used in the manuscript ### Files and variables #### File: vcf.plus.perennials.vcf.gz **Description:** vcf file used in the analyses including outgroup samples (ABBA-BABA and TreeMix). SNPs were filtered for low LD (r2&lt; 0.2) #### File: vcf1.lowLD.vcf.gz **Description:** vcf file with all the samples used in this study, including Argentinian samples, the cultivated SAM populations as well related annual Helianthus species. SNPs were filtered for low LD (r2&lt; 0.2). #### File: vcf1.vcf.gz **Description:** vcf file with all the samples used in this study, including Argentinian samples, the cultivated SAM populations as well related annual Helianthus species. No LD filtering. #### File: vcf3.lowLD.vcf.gz **Description:** vcf file with only Helianthus annuus samples, excluding the cultivated SAM populations to maximize the number of SNPs. SNPs were filtered for low LD (r2&lt; 0.2). #### File: vcf3.vcf.gz **Description:** vcf file with only Helianthus annuus samples, excluding the cultivated SAM populations to maximize the number of SNPs. No LD filtering.