cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e236041v4
title: An Analytical Framework for Causal Decision-Making in International Trade

description: Data for the paper "An Analytical Framework for Causal Decision-Making in International Trade"<br><b>Abstract</b>:<br><br>In international trade, selecting an Incoterm is a critical decision that directly impacts a firm's costs and risks. Previous quantitative studies have relied on traditional econometric models with restrictive assumptions, which limit their ability to provide causal insights for decision-making. This paper addresses this gap by developing and applying a causal inference framework to empirically evaluate the key determinants of this choice for Colombian exporting firms. Our methodology integrates directed acyclic graphs to explicitly model causal assumptions, uses nested cross-validated random forest models to capture nonlinear relationships, and employs the G-computation formula to estimate robust causal effects. Our results show that specific transactional characteristics primarily influence Incoterm selection. For example, shifting a shipment from bulk to containerized cargo increases the likelihood of selecting an E/F group term (e.g., FOB or FCA) by 13.4 percentage points. We also identify nonlinear causal effects for shipment weight and value. E/F terms become more probable only after reaching a certain size threshold, a pattern not identified by prior linear models. Having a common language with the trade partner also has a significant causal effect, increasing the probability of using E/F terms by 6.5 percentage points. This research provides a data-driven framework for strategic Incoterm selection, enabling managers to align their choices with specific shipment characteristics. The findings also offer practical recommendations for logistics providers designing targeted services and for policymakers developing effective trade support programs.<br><br><br><br><br>
DOI: 10.15468/dl.22j2ec
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 270 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Impatiens glandulifera",
 "Country is Latvia",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 270 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008430-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.k3g9rw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Eriobotrya japonica",
 "Country is Marshall Islands",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008432-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wxzf8t
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 449 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Eurycea aquatica)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 449 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008433-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr09785
title: Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: County-Level Detailed Arrest and Offense Data, 1990
title: Archival Version

description: This data collection contains counts of arrests and offenses 
 for Part I offenses (murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, 
 auto theft, and arson) and Part II offenses (forgery, fraud, 
 embezzlement, vandalism, weapons violations, sex offenses, drug and 
 alcohol abuse violations, gambling, vagrancy, curfew violations, and 
 runaways). Two sets of county populations are reported: one for total 
 county population and the other for counties reporting six months or 
more of data.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Arrests, All Ages
DS2: Arrests, Adults
DS3: Arrests, Juveniles
DS4: Crimes Reported
DS5: Codebook for All Parts
DS6: SAS Control Cards for Arrest Data
DS7: SAS Control Cards for Crimes Reported Data
description: County law enforcement agencies in the United States.
description: Data have been aggregated to the county level. Within 
 each county, data for agencies reporting 6 to 11 months of information 
 were weighted to yield 12-month equivalents. Agencies reporting fewer 
 than 6 months of data were excluded from the aggregation. Data from 
 agencies reporting only statewide figures were allocated to counties in 
 proportion to each county's share of the state population (which 
 totaled the populations of those county agencies reporting six months 
or more of data).
DOI: 10.3535/7pk-vg5-zqf
title: Solanum villosum Mill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr06739
title: National Crime Victimization Survey: School Crime Supplement, 1995
title: Archival Version

description: This supplement to the National Crime Victimization Surveys
 (formerly the National Crime Surveys)
 was designed to collect data on crime victimization in schools in the
 United States. Student respondents were asked a series of questions
 to determine their school attendance in the last six months. Other
 questions concerning schools were posed, including type of school,
 distance from home, and general attendance and monitoring
 policies. The data present information on the response of the school
 to student violation of rules, accessibility of drugs, and violence in
 school, including types of violence and student reaction. Other
 variables cover general violent crimes, personal larceny crimes, and
 household crimes and offer information on date, time, and place of
 crime. Demographic characteristics of household members such as age,
 sex, race, education, employment, median family income, and marital
status are provided.
description: Stratified multistage cluster sample of households with
 children between the ages of 12-19, who had attended school at any
 time during the six months prior to the month of the interview, and
 who were enrolled in a school that would advance them toward the
eventual receipt of a high school diploma.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: National Crime Victimization Survey: School Crime Supplement, 1995
description: All persons in the United States 12 years of age and older.
description: The codebook and data collection instrument are
 provided as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format
 was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using
 PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on
 how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided through the
ICPSR Website on the Internet.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr08451
title: Executions in the United States, 1608-2002: The ESPY File
title: Archival Version

description: This collection furnishes data on executions performed under
civil authority in the United States between 1608 and 2002. The dataset
describes each individual executed and the circumstances surrounding
the crime for which the person was convicted. Variables include age,
race, name, sex, and occupation of the offender, place, jurisdiction,
date, and method of execution, and the crime for which the offender was
executed. Also recorded are data on whether the only evidence for the
execution was official records indicating that an individual
(executioner or slave owner) was compensated for an execution.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Executions in the United States, 1608-2002: The ESPY File
description: Executions that occurred under civil authority in the
United States or within territory that later became the United States.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr02793
title: National Incident-Based Reporting System, 1997
title: Archival Version

description: The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In the late 1970s, the law enforcement community called for a thorough evaluative study of the UCR with the objective of recommending an expanded and enhanced UCR program to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The FBI provided its support, formulating a comprehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear study and in consultation with local and state law enforcement executives, new guidelines for the Uniform Crime Reports were created. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is being implemented to meet these guidelines. Annual NIBRS data are archived at ICPSR as 13 separate data files, which may be merged by using linkage variables. The data focus on a variety of aspects of a crime incident. The Batch Header Segment (Parts 1-3) separates and identifies individual police agencies by Originating Agency Identifier (ORI). Batch Header information, which is contained on three records for each ORI, includes agency name, geographic location, and population of the area. Part 4, Administrative Segment, offers data on the incident itself (date and time). Each crime incident is delineated by one administrative segment record. Also provided are Part 5, Offense Segment (offense type, location, weapon use, and bias motivation), Part 6, Property Segment (type of property loss, property description, property value, drug type and quantity), Part 7, Victim Segment (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and injuries), Part 8, Offender Segment (age, sex, and race), and Part 9, Arrestee Segment (arrest date, age, sex, race, and weapon use). Part 10, Group B Arrest Report Segment, includes arrestee data for Group B crimes. Window Segments files (Parts 11-13) pertain to incidents for which the complete Group A Incident Report was not submitted to the FBI. In general, a Window Segment record will be generated if the incident occurred prior to January 1 of the previous year or if the incident occurred prior to when the agency started NIBRS reporting. As with UCR, participation in NIBRS is voluntary on the part of law enforcement agencies. The data are not a representative sample of crime in the United States. For 1997, twelve states, fully or partially participating in NIBRS, were included in the dataset.
description: Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Batch Header Segment 1 DS2: Batch Header Segment 2 DS3: Batch Header Segment 3 DS4: Administrative Segment DS5: Offense Segment DS6: Property Segment DS7: Victim Segment DS8: Offender Segment DS9: Arrestee Segment DS10: Group B Arrest Report Segment DS11: Window Exceptionally Cleared Segment DS12: Window Recovered Property Segment DS13: Window Arrestee Segment
description: Law enforcement agencies in the United States participating in the National Incident-Based Reporting System.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr03031
title: National Incident-Based Reporting System, 1998
title: Archival Version

description: The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In the late 1970s, the law enforcement community called for a thorough evaluative study of the UCR with the objective of recommending an expanded and enhanced UCR program to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The FBI provided its support, formulating a comprehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear study and in consultation with local and state law enforcement executives, new guidelines for the Uniform Crime Reports were created. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is being implemented to meet these guidelines. NIBRS data are archived at ICPSR as 13 separate data files, which may be merged by using linkage variables. The data focus on a variety of aspects of a crime incident. The Batch Header Segment (Parts 1-3) separates and identifies individual police agencies by Originating Agency Identifier (ORI). Batch Header information, which is contained on three records for each ORI, includes agency name, geographic location, and population of the area. Part 4, Administrative Segment, offers data on the incident itself (date and time). Each crime incident is delineated by one administrative segment record. Also provided are Part 5, Offense Segment (offense type, location, weapon use, and bias motivation), Part 6, Property Segment (type of property loss, property description, property value, drug type and quantity), Part 7, Victim Segment (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and injuries), Part 8, Offender Segment (age, sex, and race), and Part 9, Arrestee Segment (arrest date, age, sex, race, and weapon use). Part 10, Group B Arrest Report Segment, includes arrestee data for Group B crimes. Window Segments files (Parts 11-13) pertain to incidents for which the complete Group A Incident Report was not submitted to the FBI. In general, a Window Segment record will be generated if the incident occurred prior to January 1 of the previous year or if the incident occurred prior to when the agency started NIBRS reporting. As with UCR, participation in NIBRS is voluntary on the part of law enforcement agencies. The data are not a representative sample of crime in the United States. For 1998, 17 states, fully or partially participating in NIBRS, were included in the dataset.
description: Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Batch Header Segment 1 DS2: Batch Header Segment 2 DS3: Batch Header Segment 3 DS4: Administrative Segment DS5: Offense Segment DS6: Property Segment DS7: Victim Segment DS8: Offender Segment DS9: Arrestee Segment DS10: Group B Arrest Report Segment DS11: Window Exceptionally Cleared Segment DS12: Window Recovered Property Segment DS13: Window Arrestee Segment
description: Law enforcement agencies in the United States participating in the National Incident-Based Reporting System.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t7rgdb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 785 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Eriobotrya japonica",
 "Country is New Zealand",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 785 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008434-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/m3n-7j5-8ft
title: Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr08989
title: Nature and Sanctioning of White Collar Crime, 1976-1978: Federal Judicial Districts
title: Archival Version

description: This data collection, one of only a small number available
 on federal white collar crimes, focuses on white collar criminals and
 the nature of their offenses. The data contain information on the
 source of conviction, offense category, number of counts in the
 indictment, maximum prison time and maximum fine associated with the
 offense, the duration and geographic spread of the offense, number of
 participants, number of persons arrested, number of businesses
 indicted, and spouse's employment. The data are limited to crimes
 committed solely by convicted individuals and do not include
 defendants that are organizations or groups. The defendant's
 socioeconomic status is measured using the Duncan Index. Further
 information provided about the defendant includes age, sex, marital
 status, past criminal history, neighborhood environment, education,
and employment history.
description: The main sampling strategy involved the selection of up to
 30 individuals for each of eight offense types (bribery, bank
 embezzlement, mail and wire fraud, tax fraud, false claims and
 statements, credit and lending institution fraud, postal theft, and
 postal forgery) in seven federal judicial districts. Some districts
 had fewer than 30 individuals convicted for specific offense
 categories. In addition, the dataset includes all known individual
 co-defendants of these core sample members, all individuals convicted
 of securities and antitrust offenses in federal courts nationally, and a
 "common crime" sample. Since all offenders convicted of securities
 fraud and antitrust offenses in all of the federal districts during
 the three fiscal years were examined, the sample contains a higher
proportion of these offenders than the other offenses.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Nature and Sanctioning of White Collar Crime, 1976-1978: Federal Judicial Districts
description: Convicted white collar criminals in federal judicial 
 districts representing metropolitan centers, specifically, central 
 California, northern Georgia, northern Illinois, Maryland, southern New 
York, northern Texas, and western Washington.
description: (1) The appendices mentioned in the documentation are
 not presently available. (2) The data in columns 452-467 and 471-483
 are undocumented. (3) Users are encouraged to read additional sampling
 information in the codebook abstract. (4) The codebook is provided by
 ICPSR as a Portable Document Format (PDF) files. The PDF file format
 was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using
 PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on
 how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided on the ICPSR
Web site.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07676
title: Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: Property Stolen and Recovered, 1966-1976
title: Archival Version

description: Since 1930, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has
compiled the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) to serve as periodic
nationwide assessments of reported crimes not available elsewhere in
the criminal justice system. Law enforcement agencies contribute
reports either directly or through their state reporting programs.
Each year, this information is reported in four types of files: (1)
Offenses Known and Clearances by Arrest, (2) Property Stolen and
Recovered, (3) Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR), and (4) Police
Employee (LEOKA) Data. The Property Stolen and Recovered data are
collected on a monthly basis by all UCR contributing agencies. These
data, aggregated at the agency level, report on the nature of the
crime, the monetary value of the property stolen, and the type of
property stolen. Similar information regarding recovered property is
also included in the data.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Supplemental File A for 1966
DS2: Supplemental File A for 1967
DS3: Supplemental File A for 1968
DS4: Supplemental File A for 1969
DS5: Supplemental File A for 1970
DS6: Supplemental File A for 1971
DS7: Supplemental File A for 1972
DS8: Supplemental File A for 1973
DS9: Supplemental File A for 1974
DS10: Supplemental File A for 1975
DS11: Supplemental File A for 1976
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr08703
title: Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: County Level Arrest and Offenses Data, 1977-1983
title: Archival Version

description: The files in this collection contain counts of arrests and
 offenses for UCR index crimes: murder, rape, robbery, assault,
 burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson. County populations are also
reported.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Arrests, 1977
DS2: Offenses, 1977
DS3: Arrests, 1978
DS4: Offenses, 1978
DS5: Arrests, 1979
DS6: Offenses, 1979
DS7: Arrests, 1980
DS8: Offenses, 1980
DS9: Arrests, 1981
DS10: Offenses, 1981
DS11: Arrests, 1982
DS12: Offenses, 1982
DS13: Arrests, 1983
DS14: Offenses, 1983
description: Local law enforcement agencies in the United States.
description: (1) Data have been aggregated to the county
 level. Within each county, data for agencies reporting 6 to 11 months
 of information were weighted to produce 12-month equivalents. Agencies
 reporting less than 6 months of data were excluded from the
 aggregation. Data from agencies reporting only statewide figures were
 allocated to counties proportionate to their share of the state
 population. (2) The codebook is provided as a Portable Document Format
 (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems
 Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as
 the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the
Acrobat Reader is provided through the ICPSR Website on the Internet.
DOI: 10.3535/l9x-f4s-w5q
title: Poa bulbosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr09573
title: Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: County-Level Detailed Arrest and Offense Data, 1989
title: Archival Version

description: The files in this collection contain counts of arrests and
 offenses for Part 1 and Part 2 offenses: murder, rape, robbery,
 assault, burglary, larceny, auto theft, arson, forgery, fraud,
 embezzlement, vandalism, weapons violations, sex offenses, drug and
 alcohol abuse violations, gambling, vagrancy, curfew violations, and
runaways. County populations are also reported.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Arrests, All Ages, 1989
DS2: Arrests, Adults, 1989
DS3: Arrests, Juveniles, 1989
DS4: Crimes Reported, 1989
description: County law enforcement agencies in the United States.
description: (1) Data have been aggregated to the county level. Within
 each county, data for agencies reporting 6 to 11 months of information
 were weighted to produce 12-month equivalents. Data from agencies
 reporting only statewide figures were allocated to counties
 proportionate to their share of the state population. (2) The codebook is 
 provided as a Portable Document
 Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems
 Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as
 the Adobe Acrobat Reader. 
 Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided
through the ICPSR Website on the Internet.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr06036
title: Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: County-Level Detailed Arrest and Offense Data, 1991
title: Archival Version

description: This data collection contains county-level counts of arrests 
 and offenses for Part I offenses (murder, rape, robbery, assault, 
 burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson) and Part II offenses 
 (forgery, fraud, embezzlement, vandalism, weapons violations, sex 
 offenses, drug and alcohol abuse violations, gambling, vagrancy, curfew 
 violations, and runaways). Two sets of county populations are reported: 
 one for total county population and the other for counties reporting 
six months or more of data.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Arrests, All Ages
DS2: Arrests, Adults
DS3: Arrests, Juveniles
DS4: Crimes Reported
DS5: Codebook for All Parts
DS6: SAS Data Definition Statements for Arrests Data
DS7: SAS Data Definition Statements for Crimes Reported Data
DS8: SPSS Data Definition Statements for Arrests Data
description: County law enforcement agencies in the United States.
description: Data have been aggregated to the county level. Within 
 each county, data for agencies reporting 6 to 11 months of information 
 were weighted to yield 12-month equivalents. Agencies reporting fewer 
 than 6 months of data were excluded from the aggregation. Data from 
 agencies reporting only statewide figures were allocated to counties in 
 proportion to each county's share of the state population (which 
 totaled the populations of those county agencies reporting six months 
 or more of data). No arrest data are included for South Carolina and no 
 arrest or offense data are included for Iowa due to those states' 
 conversion to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) in 
1991.