DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9p7d8h2
title: Data from: New species of closely related endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in the Greater Caribbean have niches corresponding to host coral phylogeny

description: Symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Breviolum (formerly Symbiodinium
 Clade B) dominate coral communities in shallow waters across the Greater
 Caribbean. While some formally described species exist, mounting genetic,
 and ecological evidence indicate that numerous more comprise this genus,
 many of which are closely related. To test this, colonies of common
 reef‐building corals were sampled across a large geographical range.
 Phylogenetic and population genetic markers then used to examine
 evolutionary divergence and delineate boundaries of genetic recombination.
 Three new candidate species were distinguished by fixed differences in
 nucleotide sequences from nuclear and chloroplast DNA. Population
 connectivity was evident within each lineage over thousands of kilometers,
 however, substantial genetic structure persisted between lineages
 co‐occurring within sampling locations, signifying reproductive isolation.
 While geographically widespread with overlapping distributions, each
 species is ecologically distinct, exhibiting specific mutualisms with
 phylogenetically distinct coral hosts. Moreover, significant differences
 in mean cell sizes provide some morphological evidence substantiating
 formal species distinctions. In providing evidence that satisfies the
 biological, phylogenetic, ecological, and morphological species concepts,
 we classify and formally name Breviolum faviinorum n. sp., primarily
 associated with Caribbean corals belonging to the Caribbean subfamily
 Faviinae; B. meandrinium n. sp., associated with corals belonging to the
 family Meandrinidae; and B. dendrogyrum n. sp., a symbiont harbored
 exclusively by the threatened coral Dendrogyra cylindrus. These findings
 support the primary importance of niche diversification (i.e. host
 habitat) in the speciation of symbiotic dinoflagellates.
description: Nexus file of the
 chloroplast large sub-unit RNA gene (cp23S)This nexus file contains
 an alignment of partial sequences of the cp23S gene (~ 600 bases) from new
 species of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate genus Breviolum (formerly
 Symbiodinium Clade B) obtained from host colonies in the reef coral
 families Mussidae (sub-family Faviinae), Meandrinidae, Merulinidae, and
 Astrocoeniidae. Sequences from Breviolum minutum, B. psygmophilum, and B.
 'muscatinei' were included for comparison.cp23S_Breviolum_species.nexCytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox 1) gene for Caribbean reef coralsThis nexus file contains cox 1 gene sequences from representative host samples obtained during the genetic analysis of their dinoflagellates endosymbionts. It includes sequences from animals in the families Mussidae (subfamily Faviinae), Meandrinidae, Astrocoeniidae, and Merulinidae (represented by Orbicella, formerly of the Montastraea annularis species complex).Cox1_Caribbean_Corals.nexNexus file for the mitochondrial cob geneThis file contains aligned sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cob) gene (~ 900 bases) from species in the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate genus Breviolum (formerly Symbiodinium Clade B) obtained from host colonies of the reef coral families Mussidae (sub-family Faviinae), Meandrinidae, Merulinidae, and Astrocoeniidae. Representative sequences for Breviolum minutum, B. psygmophilum, and B. ‘muscatinei’ were included for comparison.Breviolum_sp_cob.nexNexus file of coding and non-coding DNA sequences of the psbA minicircleThis file contains partial DNA sequences for the coding (~300 bases encoding the D1 protein of photosystem II) and non-coding region (~200-300 bases) of the chloroplast psbA minicircle (psbAncr). Two large portions (~150 and 50 bases, respectively) were removed from the Breviolum faviinorum sequences to minimize the alignment’s length. Sequences are from species of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Breviolum (formerly Symbiodinium Clade B) obtained from host colonies in the reef coral families Mussidae (sub-family Faviinae), Meandrinidae, Merulinidae, and Astrocoeniidae. Sequences from Breviolum minutum associated with the anemone Exaiptasia were included for comparison.Breviolum_psbA_ncr_Carib_radiationMicrosatellite locus Sym15 from Breviolum spp.This nexus file contains sequence alignments of the flanking– and repeat–regions (approximately 200 bases) for the nuclear microsatellite locus Sym15, which is possessed by most species in the dinoflagellate genus Breviolum (family Symbiodiniaceae). Samples were obtained from host colonies of the reef coral families Mussidae (especially the sub-family Faviinae), Meandrinidae, Merulinidae, and Astrocoeniidae. Sequences from Breviolum minutum (common to the sea anemone Exaiptasia) and B. psygmophilum were included for comparison.Breviolum_Sym15_JEUKMIC_2018.nexMulti-locus genotypes for population genetic analyses of closely related Breviolum spp.This excel file contains multilocus genotypes based on 9 independently sorting microsatellite loci from four species of Breviolum obtained from Atlantic reef-building corals in the families Mussidae (subfamily Faviinae), Meandrinidae, Astrocoeniidae and Merulinidae (represented by Orbicella, formerly of the Montastraea annularis species complex).Multilocus_Data_complete.xlsx