cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22199992.v3
title: Source data of "Non-thermal escape of sulfur and oxygen on Io driven by photochemistry"

description: This dataset includes the densities of Io’s neutral atmospheric and ionospheric species and hot neutral production rates and escape probabilities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22199992.v2
title: The neutral atmospheric and ionospheric densities and hot neutral escape probabilities of Io

description: This dataset includes the densities of Io’s neutral atmospheric and ionospheric species and the hot neutral escape probabilities. The densities of 5 neutral (SO2, SO, S, O, and O2) and 5 ion species (SO2P, SOP, SP, OP, and O2P) are included, as well as the densities of electron. The hot neutral escape probabilities are obtained by a test particle Monte Carlo method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22209367
title: Supplementary Material for: A genetic risk score distinguishes different types of autoantibody mediated membranous nephropathy

description: =Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is characterized by detectable autoantibodies against glomerular antigens, most commonly phospholipase A2 receptor-1 (PLA2R1) and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A). In Europeans genetic variation in at least five loci, PLA2R1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, IRF4 and NFKB1 affect the risk of disease. Here, we investigated the genetic risk differences between different autoantibody states. Methods: 1409 MN individuals were genotyped genome-wide with a dense SNV array. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated utilising the previously identified European MN loci and results were compared with 4929 healthy controls and 422 individuals with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Results: GRS was calculated in the 759 MN individuals in whom antibody status was known. The GRS for MN was elevated in the anti-PLA2R1 antibody positive (N=372) compared with both the unaffected control (N=4929) and anti-THSD7A positive (N=31) groups (p&lt;0.0001 for both comparisons), suggesting that this GRS reflects anti-PLA2R1 MN. Among PLA2R1 positive patients, GRS was inversely correlated with age of disease onset (p=0.009). Further, the GRS in the dual antibody negative group (N=355) was intermediate between controls and the PLA2R1 positive group (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: We demonstrate that the genetic risk factors for PLA2R1- and THSD7A-antibody associated MN are different. A higher GRS is associated with younger age of onset of disease. Further, a proportion of antibody negative MN cases have an elevated GRS similar to PLA2R1-positive disease. This suggests that in some individuals with negative serology the disease is driven by autoimmunity against PLA2R1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22209367.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A genetic risk score distinguishes different types of autoantibody mediated membranous nephropathy

description: =Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is characterized by detectable autoantibodies against glomerular antigens, most commonly phospholipase A2 receptor-1 (PLA2R1) and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A). In Europeans genetic variation in at least five loci, PLA2R1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, IRF4 and NFKB1 affect the risk of disease. Here, we investigated the genetic risk differences between different autoantibody states. Methods: 1409 MN individuals were genotyped genome-wide with a dense SNV array. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated utilising the previously identified European MN loci and results were compared with 4929 healthy controls and 422 individuals with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Results: GRS was calculated in the 759 MN individuals in whom antibody status was known. The GRS for MN was elevated in the anti-PLA2R1 antibody positive (N=372) compared with both the unaffected control (N=4929) and anti-THSD7A positive (N=31) groups (p&lt;0.0001 for both comparisons), suggesting that this GRS reflects anti-PLA2R1 MN. Among PLA2R1 positive patients, GRS was inversely correlated with age of disease onset (p=0.009). Further, the GRS in the dual antibody negative group (N=355) was intermediate between controls and the PLA2R1 positive group (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: We demonstrate that the genetic risk factors for PLA2R1- and THSD7A-antibody associated MN are different. A higher GRS is associated with younger age of onset of disease. Further, a proportion of antibody negative MN cases have an elevated GRS similar to PLA2R1-positive disease. This suggests that in some individuals with negative serology the disease is driven by autoimmunity against PLA2R1.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2022.117
title: การตีความและปรับใช้ข้อบทว่าด้วยชาติที่ได้รับการอนุเคราะห์ยิ่งเพื่อขยายขอบเขตของสนธิสัญญาการลงทุนในเชิงเนื้อหา บุคคล และเวลาการมีผลใช้บังคับ

description: ในสถานการณ์ปกติรัฐมีความจำเป็นที่ต้องออกมาตรการเพื่อดำเนินกิจการภายในของรัฐอยู่แล้ว นอกจากนั้น ความจำเป็นดังกล่าวจะยิ่งเพิ่มมากขึ้นภายใต้สถานการณ์ที่ไม่ปกติ ตัวอย่างเช่น สถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโรคติดต่อที่รัฐต้องออกมาตรการมากขึ้นเพื่อยับยั้งการแพร่ระบาดของโรคติดต่อ ซึ่งการออกมาตรการของรัฐผู้รับการลงทุนอาจเป็นไปอย่างตามอำเภอใจ ไม่ได้สัดส่วน และส่งผลกระทบต่อนักลงทุนและการลงทุนต่างชาติ อย่างไรก็ดี หากบุคคลและธุรกรรมใดไม่ถูกพิจารณาว่าเป็นนักลงทุนและการลงทุน ไม่อยู่ในขอบเขตเวลาการมีผลใช้บังคับของสนธิสัญญาการลงทุน และยังไม่ปฏิบัติตามเงื่อนไขการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุนที่กำหนดในสนธิสัญญาการลงทุน บุคคลและธุรกรรมดังกล่าวนั้นก็ไม่อาจกล่าวอ้างมาตรฐานความคุ้มครองภายใต้สนธิสัญญาการลงทุนได้ ตามกรณีข้างต้นก่อให้เกิดประเด็นปัญหาว่า การตีความและปรับใช้ข้อบทว่าด้วยชาติที่ได้รับการอนุเคราะห์ยิ่ง (ข้อบทฯ) จะสามารถส่งผลให้เกิดบทนิยามของนักลงทุนและ/หรือการลงทุนที่กว้างขึ้น ได้หรือไม่ ส่งผลให้เกิดการใช้บังคับสนธิสัญญาอย่างมีผลย้อนหลัง ได้หรือไม่ และส่งผลให้เกิดการให้การเปิดเสรีการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุนอย่างเต็มที่ ได้หรือไม่การค้นคว้าอิสระนี้พบว่า การตีความและปรับใช้ข้อบทฯ เพื่อขยายขอบเขตในเชิงเนื้อหาและบุคคลของสนธิสัญญามีแนวโน้มที่ไม่อาจเป็นไปได้ เนื่องจากเมื่อธุรกรรมและบุคคลใดยังไม่ถูกพิจารณาว่าเป็นการลงทุนและนักลงทุนภายใต้สนธิสัญญาการลงทุนเท่ากับว่าผู้รับประโยชน์ของข้อบทฯ (การลงทุนและนักลงทุน) ไม่ปรากฏอยู่แต่ต้น พฤติการณ์เช่นนั้นส่งผลให้ฐานของการเปรียบเทียบที่เป็นองค์ประกอบของการตีความและปรับใช้ข้อบทฯ ก็ไม่ปรากฏอยู่เช่นกัน แต่ในทางตรงกันข้าม หากการลงทุนและนักลงทุนของสนธิสัญญาการลงทุนปรากฏอยู่แล้ว การตีความและปรับใช้ข้อบทฯ เพื่อขยายขอบเขตในเชิงเวลาการมีผลใช้บังคับของสนธิสัญญา หรือรับเอาข้อบทที่เปิดเสรีการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุนอย่างเต็มที่ก็มีแนวโน้มที่อาจเป็นไปได้ เนื่องจากการบัญญัติข้อบทว่าด้วยเวลาการมีผลใช้บังคับย้อนหลังของสนธิสัญญาและข้อบทที่เปิดเสรีการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุนอย่างเต็มที่ ย่อมเป็นการปฏิบัติที่เป็นคุณยิ่งกว่าการที่สนธิสัญญามีผลใช้บังคับไปข้างหน้าเท่านั้นและ ข้อบทที่ควบคุมการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุน ทั้งนี้ ภายใต้เงื่อนไขที่ว่าสนธิสัญญาการลงทุนพื้นฐานต้องไม่กำหนดข้อยกเว้นในการปรับใช้ข้อบทฯ ต่อเรื่องเวลาการมีผลใช้บังคับของสนธิสัญญาหรือสิทธิในการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุน และข้อบทฯ ที่ถูกตีความและปรับใช้นั้นต้องไม่จำกัดการปรับใช้ต่อเฉพาะกิจกรรมที่เกิดขึ้นภายหลังการเข้ามาและการก่อตั้งการลงทุนเท่านั้นอีกด้วย นอกจากนั้น เพื่อป้องกันปัญหาที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต ผู้เขียนได้เสนอแนะแนวทางการแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมข้อบทฯ ในสนธิสัญญาที่มีผลใช้บังคับอยู่แล้ว และแนวทางการบัญญัติข้อบทฯ ในสนธิสัญญาที่รัฐจะทำขึ้นในอนาคต
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6322004
title: Supporting data set for: Simulations of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Shape-Selected Nanoparticle Catalysts

description: This dataset contains input and output files for simulations of the oxidation of a set of shape-selected, 3 nm platinum nanoparticles associated with the manuscript found at https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07605. The simulations are performed using a grand-canonical Monte-Carlo algorithm[1,2] in combination with the ReaxFF reactive force field method as implemented in the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) software package version 2017.106 by Software for Chemistry and Materials (SCM). The Pt/O ReaxFF force field parameterized by Fantauzzi et al. was used for the simulations.[3] Simulations were performed at oxygen chemical potential conditions corresponding to 200-1000 K at ultra-high vacuum (UHV, <em>p</em><sub>O2</sub> = 10<sup>-10</sup> mbar) and 400-1200 K at near-ambient pressure (NAP, <em>p</em><sub>O2</sub> = 1 mbar) conditions. The following nanoparticle shapes were used as input structures for the simulations: (111)-indexed octahedron, (100)-indexed cube, (110)-indexed dodecahedron, (111)- and (100)-indexed cuboctahedron, mixed-indexed sphere, and (730)-indexed tetrahexahedron. The folder structure is as follows:<br> Particle shape -&gt; pressure condition -&gt; temperature condition -&gt; simulation input and output files The simulation input and output files are of the following filetypes:<br> control: Input parameters for the ReaxFF software.<br> control_MC: Input parameters for the GCMC subroutine that interacts with the ReaxFF software.<br> geo: Atomic input coordinates in BGF file format.<br> geo_MCXXXXXX: Atomic output coordinates in BGF file format and ReaxFF total energy result for GCMC step XXXXXX. Simulations were performed for a total of 25,000 iterations. Only accepted GCMC steps result in the creation of a geo_XXXXXX output file. Therefore, the index XXXXXX is not continuous since output files are not written at every iteration. Other ReaxFF-specific output has been filtered in order to declutter the dataset. [1] T. P. Senftle, R. J. Meyer, M. J. Janik, A. C. T. van Duin, J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 139, 044109.<br> [2] T. P. Senftle, M. J. Janik, A. C. T. van Duin, J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 4967–4981.<br> [3] D. Fantauzzi, J. Bandlow, L. Sabo, J. E. Mueller, A. C. T. van Duin, T. Jacob, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 23118–23133.
description: This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the collaborative research center SFB-1316 as well as the priority program SPP-2080. The state of Baden-Württemberg is acknowledged through bwHCP and DFT through grant no INST 37/935-1 FUGG. The Volkswagen Group Wolfsburg is acknowledged for partial funding, as well as the Icelandic Research Fund. BK acknowledges the University of Iceland Research Fund for funding through a PhD fellowship.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6322003
title: Supporting data set for: Simulations of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Shape-Selected Nanoparticle Catalysts

description: This dataset contains input and output files for simulations of the oxidation of a set of shape-selected, 3 nm platinum nanoparticles associated with the manuscript found at https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07605. The simulations are performed using a grand-canonical Monte-Carlo algorithm[1,2] in combination with the ReaxFF reactive force field method as implemented in the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) software package version 2017.106 by Software for Chemistry and Materials (SCM). The Pt/O ReaxFF force field parameterized by Fantauzzi et al. was used for the simulations.[3] Simulations were performed at oxygen chemical potential conditions corresponding to 200-1000 K at ultra-high vacuum (UHV, <em>p</em><sub>O2</sub> = 10<sup>-10</sup> mbar) and 400-1200 K at near-ambient pressure (NAP, <em>p</em><sub>O2</sub> = 1 mbar) conditions. The following nanoparticle shapes were used as input structures for the simulations: (111)-indexed octahedron, (100)-indexed cube, (110)-indexed dodecahedron, (111)- and (100)-indexed cuboctahedron, mixed-indexed sphere, and (730)-indexed tetrahexahedron. The folder structure is as follows:<br> Particle shape -&gt; pressure condition -&gt; temperature condition -&gt; simulation input and output files The simulation input and output files are of the following filetypes:<br> control: Input parameters for the ReaxFF software.<br> control_MC: Input parameters for the GCMC subroutine that interacts with the ReaxFF software.<br> geo: Atomic input coordinates in BGF file format.<br> geo_MCXXXXXX: Atomic output coordinates in BGF file format and ReaxFF total energy result for GCMC step XXXXXX. Simulations were performed for a total of 25,000 iterations. Only accepted GCMC steps result in the creation of a geo_XXXXXX output file. Therefore, the index XXXXXX is not continuous since output files are not written at every iteration. Other ReaxFF-specific output has been filtered in order to declutter the dataset. [1] T. P. Senftle, R. J. Meyer, M. J. Janik, A. C. T. van Duin, J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 139, 044109.<br> [2] T. P. Senftle, M. J. Janik, A. C. T. van Duin, J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 4967–4981.<br> [3] D. Fantauzzi, J. Bandlow, L. Sabo, J. E. Mueller, A. C. T. van Duin, T. Jacob, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 23118–23133.
description: This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the collaborative research center SFB-1316 as well as the priority program SPP-2080. The state of Baden-Württemberg is acknowledged through bwHCP and DFT through grant no INST 37/935-1 FUGG. The Volkswagen Group Wolfsburg is acknowledged for partial funding, as well as the Icelandic Research Fund. BK acknowledges the University of Iceland Research Fund for funding through a PhD fellowship.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/5097921
title: Elon Musk Tweets
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22209502
title: Supplementary Material for: Socially assistive robots for people living with dementia in long-term facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

description: Background and Objective: The purpose of our study was to explore the immediate and long-term effects of socially assistive robots (SARs) on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), positive emotional experiences, and social interaction in older people living with dementia. Methods: We set keywords and used Boolean operators to search the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, IEEE Digital Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Chinese Electronic Periodical Service from inception to February 2022 for randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool was used to assess article quality, and RevMan 5.4.1 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. SARs can help people living with dementia reduce their NPS of depression and anxiety, provide happiness from positive emotional experiences, and improve their social interaction through conversation. However, there was no significant improvement in agitation behavior, overall BPSD, or quality of life in people living with dementia. In follow-up, it was found that the effect of SRT was limited. Conclusion: Socially assistive robots can reduce depression and increase positive emotions in people living with dementia. They may also reduce the burden on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020169340.
DOI: 10.15151/esrf-es-1039764506
title: Advanced Photon Source, Sector 21 - The Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team (LS-CAT) - CAT Member Macromolecular Crystallography

description: The Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team (LS-CAT) provides Macromolecular Crystallography support to our CAT members from eight Universities in the USA, including Northwestern University, University of Michigan, Wayne State University, Michigan State University, University Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and University of Illinois at Chicago, and also to General Users. With a one-year dark period approaching for the upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source (APS-U), we are seeking beam time for our CAT Member laboratories at ESRF by way of this Block Allocation Group, consisting of a portion of our CAT Member PIs and their laboratory members, in order to keep supporting their research and future funding. LS-CAT is organizing our CAT Members into this BAG Proposal, and other proposals we will submit, in order to streamline the process for our CAT Members, and for the Staff of Lightsources to which we are applying for access to beam time.
DOI: 10.15151/esrf-es-1018306211
title: The Israeli BAG

description: The BAG is quite large with 24 principal investigators covering almost all groups in Israel. The scientific topics are diverse and so different that depicting them in a short Abstract is extremely difficult. In this context BAG members are studying the parameters that govern protein assemblage, structural impacts of signaling processes in different cascades. There are several projects that are directed towards molecular recognition with implementation towards drug design. In addition, we still have the ribosome project and the design of unique antibiotics with specific functional interactions from the mycinamycins family and their resistance related mechanism compared with other macrolides and the photosystem and how it converts light into energy. Since Covid-19 is still a relevant topic as are other viral infections BAG members are and have been involved in the understanding of the infection process and the means to hinder it.
DOI: 10.15151/esrf-es-1096004518
title: Study the synthesized amyloid peptide and the amyloid and Tau tissue by scanning nanodiffraction

description: Study the synthesized amyloid peptide and the amyloid and Tau tissue by scanning nanodiffraction
DOI: 10.15151/esrf-es-1038848224
title: Polymorphism of the Luminescent Gold(I) Compounds Under Pressure

description: We intend to study phase transitions and structural modifications taking place in single crystals of the luminescent 1-(pyren-1-yl)prop-2-yn-1-onyl)- (triethylphosphine)-gold(I) compound (chemical formula C25 H24 O P Au) at high-pressure using X-ray diffraction (HP XRD). We want to track structural changes leading to phase transition occurring around 0.6GPa in its highly luminescent triclinic beta polymorph, describe its mechanism and investigate structures of high- pressure modulated phases coexisting as domains of an initially single crystal at pressures reaching up to 6 GPa. In the long term we aim to correlate distinct photoluminescent properties of the compound in its various forms and at various pressures with the crystal structure and its evolution under mechanical stress. We are particularly interested in the evolution of the Au...Au short contacts and the relative orientation of the pyrene moieties, which are the underlying cause of the modulations in the structure.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7693843
title: Data and codes of "Odor descriptive ratings can predict some odor-color associations in different color features of hue or lightness"

description: This project included data and codes used in our original article titled "Odor descriptive ratings can predict some odor-color associations in different color features of hue or lightness", written by Kaori Tamura and Tsuyoshi Okamoto. Please see https://gitlab.com/tamurak415/olfqr
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7693842
title: Data and codes of "Odor descriptive ratings can predict some odor-color associations in different color features of hue or lightness"

description: This project included data and codes used in our original article titled "Odor descriptive ratings can predict some odor-color associations in different color features of hue or lightness", written by Kaori Tamura and Tsuyoshi Okamoto. Please see https://gitlab.com/tamurak415/olfqr
DOI: 10.5519/qd.wu8nval9
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (5470274 records)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7694783
title: Velocity and density profiles from thermodynamic modeling

description: Seismic velocity and density profiles for various mantle temperature and compositions using the stx08 and stx11 data bases. See README in each directory for more detailed descriptions.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7694782
title: Velocity and density profiles from thermodynamic modeling

description: Seismic velocity and density profiles for various mantle temperature and compositions using the stx08 and stx11 data bases. See README in each directory for more detailed descriptions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22209637
title: Supplementary Material for: A genetic risk score distinguishes different types of autoantibody mediated membranous nephropathy

description: =Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is characterized by detectable autoantibodies against glomerular antigens, most commonly phospholipase A2 receptor-1 (PLA2R1) and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A). In Europeans genetic variation in at least five loci, PLA2R1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, IRF4 and NFKB1 affect the risk of disease. Here, we investigated the genetic risk differences between different autoantibody states. Methods: 1409 MN individuals were genotyped genome-wide with a dense SNV array. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated utilising the previously identified European MN loci and results were compared with 4929 healthy controls and 422 individuals with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Results: GRS was calculated in the 759 MN individuals in whom antibody status was known. The GRS for MN was elevated in the anti-PLA2R1 antibody positive (N=372) compared with both the unaffected control (N=4929) and anti-THSD7A positive (N=31) groups (p&lt;0.0001 for both comparisons), suggesting that this GRS reflects anti-PLA2R1 MN. Among PLA2R1 positive patients, GRS was inversely correlated with age of disease onset (p=0.009). Further, the GRS in the dual antibody negative group (N=355) was intermediate between controls and the PLA2R1 positive group (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: We demonstrate that the genetic risk factors for PLA2R1- and THSD7A-antibody associated MN are different. A higher GRS is associated with younger age of onset of disease. Further, a proportion of antibody negative MN cases have an elevated GRS similar to PLA2R1-positive disease. This suggests that in some individuals with negative serology the disease is driven by autoimmunity against PLA2R1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22209637.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A genetic risk score distinguishes different types of autoantibody mediated membranous nephropathy

description: =Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is characterized by detectable autoantibodies against glomerular antigens, most commonly phospholipase A2 receptor-1 (PLA2R1) and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A). In Europeans genetic variation in at least five loci, PLA2R1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, IRF4 and NFKB1 affect the risk of disease. Here, we investigated the genetic risk differences between different autoantibody states. Methods: 1409 MN individuals were genotyped genome-wide with a dense SNV array. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated utilising the previously identified European MN loci and results were compared with 4929 healthy controls and 422 individuals with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Results: GRS was calculated in the 759 MN individuals in whom antibody status was known. The GRS for MN was elevated in the anti-PLA2R1 antibody positive (N=372) compared with both the unaffected control (N=4929) and anti-THSD7A positive (N=31) groups (p&lt;0.0001 for both comparisons), suggesting that this GRS reflects anti-PLA2R1 MN. Among PLA2R1 positive patients, GRS was inversely correlated with age of disease onset (p=0.009). Further, the GRS in the dual antibody negative group (N=355) was intermediate between controls and the PLA2R1 positive group (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: We demonstrate that the genetic risk factors for PLA2R1- and THSD7A-antibody associated MN are different. A higher GRS is associated with younger age of onset of disease. Further, a proportion of antibody negative MN cases have an elevated GRS similar to PLA2R1-positive disease. This suggests that in some individuals with negative serology the disease is driven by autoimmunity against PLA2R1.