cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568915.v1
title: Assessment of Bilateral Thoracic Loading on the Near-Side Occupant Due to Occupant-to-Occupant Interaction in Vehicle Crash Tests

description: <b>Objective:</b> This study aims, by means of the WorldSID 50th percentile male, to evaluate thoracic loading and injury risk to the near-side occupant due to occupant-to-occupant interaction in combination with loading from an intruding structure.<b>Method:</b> Nine vehicle crash tests were performed with a 50th percentile WorldSID male dummy in the near-side (adjacent to the intruding structure) seat and a THOR or ES2 dummy in the far-side (opposite the intruding structure) seat. The near-side seated WorldSID was equipped with 6 + 6 IR-Traccs (LH and RH) in the thorax/abdomen enabling measurement of bilateral deflection. To differentiate deflection caused by the intrusion, and the deflection caused by the neighboring occupant, time history curves were analyzed. The crash tests were performed with different modern vehicles, equipped with thorax side airbags and inflatable curtains, ranging from a compact car to a large sedan, and in different loading conditions such as car-to-car, barrier, and pole tests. Lateral delta <i>V</i> based on vehicle tunnel acceleration and maximum residual intrusion at occupant position were used as a measurement of crash severity to compare injury measurements.<b>Result:</b> In the 9 vehicle crash tests, thoracic loading, induced by the intruding structure as well as from the far-side occupant, varied due to the size and structural performance of the car as well as the severity of the crash. Peak deflection on the thoracic outboard side occurred during the first 50 ms of the event. Between 70 to 150 ms loading induced by the neighboring occupant occurred and resulted in an inboard-side peak deflection and viscous criterion. In the tests where the target vehicle lateral delta <i>V</i> was below 30 km/h and intrusion less than 200 mm, deflections were low on both the outboard (20–40 mm) and inboard side (10–15 mm). At higher crash severities, delta <i>V</i> 35 km/h and above as well as intrusions larger than 350 mm, the inboard deflections (caused by interaction to the far-side occupant) were of the same magnitude or even higher (30–70 mm) than the outboard deflections (30–50 mm).<b>Conclusion:</b> A WorldSID 50th percentile male equipped with bilateral IR-Traccs can detect loading to the thorax from a neighboring occupant making injury risk assessment feasible for this type of loading. At crash severities resulting in a delta <i>V</i> above 35 km/h and intrusions larger than 350 mm, both the inboard deflection and VC resulted in high risks of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ injury, especially for a senior occupant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568916.v1
title: Real-World Rib Fracture Patterns in Frontal Crashes in Different Restraint Conditions

description: <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to use the detailed medical injury information in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) to evaluate patterns of rib fractures in real-world crash occupants in both belted and unbelted restraint conditions. Fracture patterns binned into rib regional levels were examined to determine normative trends associated with belt use and other possible contributing factors.<b>Methods:</b> Front row adult occupants with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ rib fractures, in frontal crashes with a deployed frontal airbag, were selected from the CIREN database. The circumferential location of each rib fracture (with respect to the sternum) was documented using a previously published method (Ritchie et al. 2006) and digital computed tomography scans. Fracture patterns for different crash and occupant parameters (restraint use, involved physical component, occupant kinematics, crash principal direction of force, and occupant age) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively.<b>Results:</b> There were 158 belted and 44 unbelted occupants included in this study. For belted occupants, fractures were mainly located near the path of the shoulder belt, with the majority of fractures occurring on the inboard (with respect to the vehicle) side of the thorax. For unbelted occupants, fractures were approximately symmetric and distributed across both sides of the thorax. There were negligible differences in fracture patterns between occupants with frontal (0°) and near side (330° to 350° for drivers; 10° to 30° for passengers) crash principal directions of force but substantial differences between groups when occupant kinematics (and contacts within the vehicle) were considered. Age also affected fracture pattern, with fractures tending to occur more anteriorly in older occupants and more laterally in younger occupants (both belted and unbelted).<b>Conclusions:</b> Results of this study confirmed with real-world data that rib fracture patterns in unbelted occupants were more distributed and symmetric across the thorax compared to belted occupants in crashes with a deployed frontal airbag. Other factors, such as occupant kinematics and occupant age, also produced differing patterns of fractures. Normative data on rib fracture patterns in real-world occupants can contribute to understanding injury mechanisms and the role of different causation factors, which can ultimately help prevent fractures and improve vehicle safety.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568925.v3
title: Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>

description: ABSTRACTWe discovered a chromosomal locus containing two toxin-antitoxin modules (TAs) with an antisense transcriptional organization in the <i>E. faecalis</i> clinical isolate V583. These TAs are homologous to the type I <i>txpA-ratA</i> system and the type II <i>mazEF</i>, respectively. We have shown that the putative MazF is toxic for <i>E. coli</i> and triggers RNA degradation, and its cognate antitoxin MazE counteracts toxicity. The second module, adjacent to <i>mazEF</i>, expresses a toxin predicted to belong to the TxpA type I family found in <i>Firmicutes</i>, and the antisense RNA antidote, RatA. Genomic analysis indicates that the <i>cis</i>-association of <i>mazEF</i> and <i>txpA-ratA</i> modules has been favored during evolution, suggesting a selective advantage for this TA organization in the <i>E. faecalis</i> species. We showed regulatory interplays between the two modules, involving transcription control and RNA stability. Remarkably, our data reveal that MazE and MazEF have a dual transcriptional activity: they act as autorepressors and activate <i>ratA</i> transcription, most likely in a direct manner. RatA controls <i>txpA</i> RNA levels through stability. Our data suggest a pivotal role of MazEF in the coordinated expression of <i>mazEF</i> and <i>txpA-ratA</i> modules in V583. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a crosstalk between type I and II TAs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568912
title: Effects of LATCH versus Available Seatbelt Installation of Rear Facing Child Restraint Systems on Head Injury Criteria for 6 Month Old Infants in Rear End Collisions

description: <b>Objective:</b> The Lower Anchor and Tethers for CHildren (LATCH) system was introduced in vehicles made after September 1, 2002 and intended to make installation of rear and forward-facing child safety seats easier. Due to the lack of rear impact testing of RFCRS required per the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), the purpose of this study was to explore the effects, if any, of installation method of RFCRS on the performance of commonly purchased makes and models of RFCRS. Specifically, we hypothesize that in a 48 km/h (29.8 MPH) rear-end collision, installation of RFCRS using the LATCH system will result in higher Head Injury Criteria (HIC) values when compared to using the available lap/shoulder seatbelt (Emergency Locking Retractor - ELR or Automatic Locking Retractor - ALR).<b>Methods:</b> The test matrix included 36 rear impact sled tests conducted using 3 installation methods on 3 models of RFCRS: the <i>Graco SnugRide®</i> with and without the base, the <i>Britax Chaperone</i> with base-mounted anti-rebound bar, and the <i>Evenflo Tribute®</i>, a model of convertible rearward/forward facing restraint system used in the rearward facing mode. The seats were installed using the LATCH system, ELR lap/shoulder belts, or ALR lap/shoulder belts in seating positions 4 and 6 on a vehicle buck mounted to the sled test base. The infant seat and 6 month old CRABI anthropometric test device (ATD) installation methods were in accordance with standards set forth in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) FMVSS No. 213, Child Restraint Systems. All tests were conducted on pneumatic controlled acceleration sled (HYGE, Inc., PA, USA) at 48 km/h.<b>Results:</b> Installation of infant seat type RFCRS using the LATCH system resulted in higher HIC<sub>15</sub> values when compared to using the available lap/shoulder seatbelt (ELR or ALR). The mean HIC<sub>15</sub> values were most severe when infant seat type RFCRS were installed using LATCH (<i>Graco SnugRide®</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 394 and <i>Britax Chaperone</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 133) compared to using either ELR lap/shoulder belts (<i>Graco SnugRide®</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 218 and <i>Britax Chaperone</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 65) or ALR lap/shoulder belts (<i>Graco SnugRide®</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 194 and <i>Britax Chaperone</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 78). The installation method did not result in a statistically significant difference in HIC for the convertible type RFCRS (<i>Evenflo Tribute®</i>). In many of the tests, the ATD's head struck the seatback in which the RFCRS was installed. These head strikes resulted in the higher HIC<sub>15</sub> scores recorded throughout the testing.<b>Conclusions:</b> The results of this study suggest that LATCH does not offer equal protection to lap/shoulder belts from head injuries in rear impacts when used with infant seat type RFCRS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568925
title: Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>

description: We discovered a chromosomal locus containing 2 toxin-antitoxin modules (TAs) with an antisense transcriptional organization in the E. faecalis clinical isolate V583. These TAs are homologous to the type I txpA-ratA system and the type II mazEF, respectively. We have shown that the putative MazF is toxic for E. coli and triggers RNA degradation, and its cognate antitoxin MazE counteracts toxicity. The second module, adjacent to mazEF, expresses a toxin predicted to belong to the TxpA type I family found in Firmicutes, and the antisense RNA antidote, RatA. Genomic analysis indicates that the cis-association of mazEF and txpA-ratA modules has been favored during evolution, suggesting a selective advantage for this TA organization in the E. faecalis species. We showed regulatory interplays between the 2 modules, involving transcription control and RNA stability. Remarkably, our data reveal that MazE and MazEF have a dual transcriptional activity: they act as autorepressors and activate ratA transcription, most likely in a direct manner. RatA controls txpA RNA levels through stability. Our data suggest a pivotal role of MazEF in the coordinated expression of mazEF and txpA-ratA modules in V583. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a crosstalk between type I and II TAs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568925.v5
title: Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>

description: We discovered a chromosomal locus containing 2 toxin-antitoxin modules (TAs) with an antisense transcriptional organization in the E. faecalis clinical isolate V583. These TAs are homologous to the type I txpA-ratA system and the type II mazEF, respectively. We have shown that the putative MazF is toxic for E. coli and triggers RNA degradation, and its cognate antitoxin MazE counteracts toxicity. The second module, adjacent to mazEF, expresses a toxin predicted to belong to the TxpA type I family found in Firmicutes, and the antisense RNA antidote, RatA. Genomic analysis indicates that the cis-association of mazEF and txpA-ratA modules has been favored during evolution, suggesting a selective advantage for this TA organization in the E. faecalis species. We showed regulatory interplays between the 2 modules, involving transcription control and RNA stability. Remarkably, our data reveal that MazE and MazEF have a dual transcriptional activity: they act as autorepressors and activate ratA transcription, most likely in a direct manner. RatA controls txpA RNA levels through stability. Our data suggest a pivotal role of MazEF in the coordinated expression of mazEF and txpA-ratA modules in V583. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a crosstalk between type I and II TAs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568912.v1
title: Effects of LATCH versus Available Seatbelt Installation of Rear Facing Child Restraint Systems on Head Injury Criteria for 6 Month Old Infants in Rear End Collisions

description: <b>Objective:</b> The Lower Anchor and Tethers for CHildren (LATCH) system was introduced in vehicles made after September 1, 2002 and intended to make installation of rear and forward-facing child safety seats easier. Due to the lack of rear impact testing of RFCRS required per the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), the purpose of this study was to explore the effects, if any, of installation method of RFCRS on the performance of commonly purchased makes and models of RFCRS. Specifically, we hypothesize that in a 48 km/h (29.8 MPH) rear-end collision, installation of RFCRS using the LATCH system will result in higher Head Injury Criteria (HIC) values when compared to using the available lap/shoulder seatbelt (Emergency Locking Retractor - ELR or Automatic Locking Retractor - ALR).<b>Methods:</b> The test matrix included 36 rear impact sled tests conducted using 3 installation methods on 3 models of RFCRS: the <i>Graco SnugRide®</i> with and without the base, the <i>Britax Chaperone</i> with base-mounted anti-rebound bar, and the <i>Evenflo Tribute®</i>, a model of convertible rearward/forward facing restraint system used in the rearward facing mode. The seats were installed using the LATCH system, ELR lap/shoulder belts, or ALR lap/shoulder belts in seating positions 4 and 6 on a vehicle buck mounted to the sled test base. The infant seat and 6 month old CRABI anthropometric test device (ATD) installation methods were in accordance with standards set forth in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) FMVSS No. 213, Child Restraint Systems. All tests were conducted on pneumatic controlled acceleration sled (HYGE, Inc., PA, USA) at 48 km/h.<b>Results:</b> Installation of infant seat type RFCRS using the LATCH system resulted in higher HIC<sub>15</sub> values when compared to using the available lap/shoulder seatbelt (ELR or ALR). The mean HIC<sub>15</sub> values were most severe when infant seat type RFCRS were installed using LATCH (<i>Graco SnugRide®</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 394 and <i>Britax Chaperone</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 133) compared to using either ELR lap/shoulder belts (<i>Graco SnugRide®</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 218 and <i>Britax Chaperone</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 65) or ALR lap/shoulder belts (<i>Graco SnugRide®</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 194 and <i>Britax Chaperone</i> HIC<sub>15</sub> = 78). The installation method did not result in a statistically significant difference in HIC for the convertible type RFCRS (<i>Evenflo Tribute®</i>). In many of the tests, the ATD's head struck the seatback in which the RFCRS was installed. These head strikes resulted in the higher HIC<sub>15</sub> scores recorded throughout the testing.<b>Conclusions:</b> The results of this study suggest that LATCH does not offer equal protection to lap/shoulder belts from head injuries in rear impacts when used with infant seat type RFCRS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568909
title: Origin and evolution of the South Carpathians basement (Romania): a zircon and monazite geochronologic study of its Alpine sedimentary cover

description: This study investigates the advantages of a multi-mineral approach in detrital mineral geochronology, as tracers of regional tectonic events. We present new detrital zircon and monazite ages on six sands and sandstones collected from the South Carpathians, Romania. They represent clastic sediments derived from the pre-Alpine basement and related sedimentary cover, which accumulated in distinct palaeogeographic and geotectonic environments, during the multiphase Alpine tectonic evolution. Three samples are mid-Cretaceous sandstones from different depositional settings of the syn-tectonic clastic wedge that activated during the intra-Albian thrusting phase. One is Upper Cretaceous sandstone from the South Carpathian foredeep, associated with the intra-Maastrichtian thrusting phase. Two additional samples are Quaternary fluvial deposits reworking the Upper Cretaceous hinterland basin siliciclastic deposits. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages confirm periods of zircon-producing magmatism in the Neoproterozoic (ca. 590–850 Ma), Cambrian–Ordovician (ca. 540–450 Ma), and, in one sample, Late Cretaceous (ca. 76–81 Ma). Precambrian tectonics is documented by inherited zircons (ca. 0.9–1.2 Ga, 1.8–2.2 Ga, 2.6–2.8 Ga), most likely recycled from metasedimentary rock units from the Getic basement. Zircon age distribution patterns from all samples are consistent with derivation from eroded equivalents to basement rocks of the Getic–Supragetic thrust sheets. In contrast, chemical ages on all detrital monazites document a single metamorphic event of Late Devonian to Carboniferous ages (ca. 300–400 Ma), coincident with the Variscan orogeny in central Europe. A small proportion of the zircon population is also of the same age range (ca. 380–320 Ma) – those zircons typically have high U–Th ratios, characteristic of metamorphic zircons. Detrital monazite ages are consistent with previous limited geochronological data on high-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Getic–Supragetic basement. In addition to the timing of tectonic events in the Carpathian basement, geochronology of detrital minerals brings new constraints regarding the duration of these events.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568925.v4
title: Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>

description: ABSTRACTWe discovered a chromosomal locus containing two toxin-antitoxin modules (TAs) with an antisense transcriptional organization in the <i>E. faecalis</i> clinical isolate V583. These TAs are homologous to the type I <i>txpA-ratA</i> system and the type II <i>mazEF</i>, respectively. We have shown that the putative MazF is toxic for <i>E. coli</i> and triggers RNA degradation, and its cognate antitoxin MazE counteracts toxicity. The second module, adjacent to <i>mazEF</i>, expresses a toxin predicted to belong to the TxpA type I family found in <i>Firmicutes</i>, and the antisense RNA antidote, RatA. Genomic analysis indicates that the <i>cis</i>-association of <i>mazEF</i> and <i>txpA-ratA</i> modules has been favored during evolution, suggesting a selective advantage for this TA organization in the <i>E. faecalis</i> species. We showed regulatory interplays between the two modules, involving transcription control and RNA stability. Remarkably, our data reveal that MazE and MazEF have a dual transcriptional activity: they act as autorepressors and activate <i>ratA</i> transcription, most likely in a direct manner. RatA controls <i>txpA</i> RNA levels through stability. Our data suggest a pivotal role of MazEF in the coordinated expression of <i>mazEF</i> and <i>txpA-ratA</i> modules in V583. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a crosstalk between type I and II TAs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568909.v1
title: Origin and evolution of the South Carpathians basement (Romania): a zircon and monazite geochronologic study of its Alpine sedimentary cover

description: This study investigates the advantages of a multi-mineral approach in detrital mineral geochronology, as tracers of regional tectonic events. We present new detrital zircon and monazite ages on six sands and sandstones collected from the South Carpathians, Romania. They represent clastic sediments derived from the pre-Alpine basement and related sedimentary cover, which accumulated in distinct palaeogeographic and geotectonic environments, during the multiphase Alpine tectonic evolution. Three samples are mid-Cretaceous sandstones from different depositional settings of the syn-tectonic clastic wedge that activated during the intra-Albian thrusting phase. One is Upper Cretaceous sandstone from the South Carpathian foredeep, associated with the intra-Maastrichtian thrusting phase. Two additional samples are Quaternary fluvial deposits reworking the Upper Cretaceous hinterland basin siliciclastic deposits. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages confirm periods of zircon-producing magmatism in the Neoproterozoic (ca. 590–850 Ma), Cambrian–Ordovician (ca. 540–450 Ma), and, in one sample, Late Cretaceous (ca. 76–81 Ma). Precambrian tectonics is documented by inherited zircons (ca. 0.9–1.2 Ga, 1.8–2.2 Ga, 2.6–2.8 Ga), most likely recycled from metasedimentary rock units from the Getic basement. Zircon age distribution patterns from all samples are consistent with derivation from eroded equivalents to basement rocks of the Getic–Supragetic thrust sheets. In contrast, chemical ages on all detrital monazites document a single metamorphic event of Late Devonian to Carboniferous ages (ca. 300–400 Ma), coincident with the Variscan orogeny in central Europe. A small proportion of the zircon population is also of the same age range (ca. 380–320 Ma) – those zircons typically have high U–Th ratios, characteristic of metamorphic zircons. Detrital monazite ages are consistent with previous limited geochronological data on high-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Getic–Supragetic basement. In addition to the timing of tectonic events in the Carpathian basement, geochronology of detrital minerals brings new constraints regarding the duration of these events.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568895
title: A goose-type lysozyme from ostrich (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) egg white: multiple roles of His101 in its enzymatic reaction

description: A goose-type lysozyme from ostrich egg white (OEL) was produced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> expression system, and the role of His101 of OEL in the enzymatic reaction was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, thermal unfolding, and theoretical modeling of the enzymatic hydrolysis of hexa-<i>N</i>-acetylchitohexaose, (GlcNAc)<sub>6</sub>. Although the binding of tri-<i>N</i>-acetylchitotriose, (GlcNAc)<sub>3</sub>, to OEL perturbed several backbone resonances in the <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>15</sup>N HSQC spectrum, the chemical shift of the backbone resonance of His101 was not significantly affected. However, apparent p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values of His101 and Lys102 determined from the pH titration curves of the backbone chemical shifts were markedly shifted by (GlcNAc)<sub>3</sub> binding. Thermal unfolding experiments and modeling study of (GlcNAc)<sub>6</sub> hydrolysis using a His101-mutated OEL (H101A-OEL) revealed that the His101 mutation affected not only sugar residue affinities at subsites −3 and −2 but also the rate constant for bond cleavage. His101 appears to play multiple roles in the substrate binding and the catalytic reaction.