cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/3cvp-hw55
title: Periphyton, seston, and phytoplankton collection (DP1.20166.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's aquatic periphyton and phytoplankton collection and field metadata, as well as associated taxonomic,  and enumeration data provided by contracted labs. Benthic and water column field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes three times per year during the growing season. Samples are separated into aliquots for taxonomic analysis at the domain support facility (preserved in glutaraldehyde or Lugol's iodine) for shipment to a external facilities, or filtered onto glass-fiber filters for biomass (ash-free dry mass). For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, science design, and lab SOPs listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

alg_fieldData:  60

alg_biomass:  60

alg_taxonomyProcessed:  210

alg_taxonomyRaw:  210

alg_qualityCheck:  210

alg_archive:  30

alg_biovolumes:  14
description: Periphyton and phytoplankton samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). In lakes, water-column phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and littoral sensors using a Kemmerer sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the substratum type. In rivers, phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a Kemmerer or Van Dorn sampler, and in littoral areas using the most benthic sampling method for the substratum type. All field-collected samples are split into subsamples in the domain support facility, which are either processed in the facility (ash-free dry mass) or preserved and shipped to a contracting taxonomy laboratory. Diatoms and soft algae are identified and enumerated at the external taxonomy lab. Reference images are also collected. Slides and preserved subsamples are archived at the NEON Biorepository after analysis.
DOI: 10.48443/crh2-jr84
title: Digital hemispheric photos of plot vegetation (DP1.10017.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution field data and 180 degree hemispherical images that enable ground-based calculation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and/or Plant Area Index (PAI). For forests, both upward-facing photos of canopy vegetation, and photos of understory vegetation are collected. For shorter-stature ecosystems, only downward-facing images of 'understory' vegetation are collected, where 'understory' is defined to include all vegetation. Photos are acquired with a full-frame DSLR camera equipped with a fisheye lens, and are provided in RAW image format. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

dhp_perimagefile:  60

dhp_perplot:  60
description: Digital Hemispheric Photos (DHPs) of plot vegetation are collected every 3 y from twenty randomly selected Distributed Plots, and collection from these plots is timed such that DHPs are acquired within a one month window that also includes a NEON AOP remote-sensing flight over the site. Ground collection of DHPs and the AOP flight are both timed to co-occur with the window of peak greenness according to a 10 y average of the MODIS-EVI greenness index. To better frame the window of peak green in a given year, DHPs are also collected from n=3 Tower Plots on a 2 week interval, from leaf-out to senescence. Within each plot, photo points are arranged according to the shape of a square cross, oriented in alignment with the cardinal axes, and with points spaced every 4 meters. At each photo point within the plot, photos of understory vegetation are acquired, with 'understory' defined as vegetation typically less than 2 meters height. In grasslands and scrublands, the understory is therefore the only vegetation photographed. When an overstory is present, i.e. vegetation greater than 2 m height, photographs of overstory are also acquired at each photo point. Overstory images are typically acquired in the crepuscular hours of the day, when direct sunlight is not illuminating the foliage, and may also be acquired when it is overcast such that the sun does not cast a shadow. Understory images are typically acquired during daylight hours. Instrumentation: Full-frame Nikon DSLR (D750/D800/D810 model) equipped with a 16 mm Nikkor full-frame fisheye lens
DOI: 10.48443/sjda-sa68
title: Sediment physical properties (DP1.20197.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's aquatic sediment collection and field metadata, as well as associated physical data (size and texture) provided by a contracted lab. Sediment field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes 2 times per year (spring and fall). Samples are collected from several depositional zones, homogenized, subsampled, and shipped to an external lab. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

asc_externalLabSummary:  14

asc_fieldDataPoint:  30

asc_fieldDataStation:  30

asc_fieldDataZone:  30

asp_externalLabData:  90
description: Sediment samples are collected from 2 stations at each site: at wadeable streams and non-wadeable (large river) sites are divided in half longitudinally and sediment is collected throughout each half (approx. 500 m reach per station).  In lakes, there are also 2 stations, the first near the buoy (the deep center point in the basin, called ‘c0’ meaning ‘center’), and the second near the near-shore infrastructure (about 1-2 m deep, called ‘in’ meaning ‘in-shore’).  Within each station, sediments are collected and homogenized from  depositional zones at both stations 2 times per year during the spring and fall aquatic biological sampling bouts. The homogenized aggregate sample is subsampled into a 1-gal plastic sample bag and shipped to an external lab for analysis.
DOI: 10.48443/dws8-7f76
title: Riparian vegetation % cover (DP1.20191.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from the stream canopy cover component of NEON's riparian habitat assessment protocol. Using a modified convex densiometer, 1/3 (17 points) of the view field is used to measure the riparian canopy cover at wadeable stream sites. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

rip_percentComposition:  30
description: Each aquatic site is surveyed once per year within the site-specific peak greenness window. As part of the survey percent riparian cover is collected at wadeable stream and river sites, but not collected at lake sites. Protocols are based on the U.S. EPA's Statewide Riparian Mapping protocol.
Ten riparian transects are evenly distributed throughout the 1km wadeable stream  sampling reach.  At wadeable stream sites, at each transect, riparian canopy percent cover measurements are taken at 3 points along each transect: the wetted center of the stream, 0.3m from the wettted edge of the left bank, and 0.3 m from wetted edge of the right bank.  At the center stream sampling point, 4 densiometer readings are taken facing upstream, downstream, river right, and river left; at the left and right banks a single densiometer reading is taken, facing the bank. 
 At river sites, percent canopy cover is collected at 1 point located about 0.3m from the wetted river edge at five of ten paired plots.  The plot nearest the river thalweg is selected and the following measurements are collected from the boat at 0.3m above the water:  upstream, downstream, river right, and river left.
DOI: 10.48443/85bp-da76
title: Specific conductivity in groundwater (DP1.20015.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Specific conductance is a proxy for the level of total dissolved solids of the groundwater as well as related to the redox potential. Conductivity may also be used as a tracer of distinct water masses for understanding flow. NEON measurements of groundwater conductivity at high temporal resolution.  Up to eight wells (and as low as three) are available per aquatic site.  From NEON groundwater elevation measurements, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow can be calculated, which may be coupled to better understand the exchange between groundwater and surface water. This data product includes continuous quality-controlled groundwater temperature captured every 5 minute and reported as 5-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Multiple groundwater wells per aquatic site are installed in triangular arrays where local features allow. Specific conductance of groundwater is measured in an site-specific array designed to capture shallow groundwater flow and exchange with the surface water feature at the site. Instrumentation: In-Situ, inc. - Aqua TROLL 200
DOI: 10.48443/bfz8-gh43
title: Photosynthetically active radiation below water surface (DP1.20261.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Photosynthetically active radiation below water is measured at 1 Hz at lake inlet and outlet sensor sets and twice per minute on buoys at lake and river sites. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The inlet and outlet sensor sets measure PAR below water surface along with water level and temperature. The buoys, deployed at both lakes and rivers, are comprised of sensor sets which measure meteorological parameters over a water surface along with submerged sensors that measure physical and chemical parameters of the water body. Some of these sensors are unique to the buoy subsystem and others are shared with other NEON subsystems, such as the wadeable stream sensor sets or terrestrial towers. Due to power, space, and data storage constraints on the buoy, the configuration of sensors deployed on a buoy may be different than those in other parts of NEON. Instrumentation: LI-COR LI-192A underwater PAR sensor
DOI: 10.48443/n99s-rh60
title: Shortwave radiation (direct and diffuse pyranometer) (DP1.00014.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Total, direct, and diffuse shortwave radiation, available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations.  Direct radiation, also called direct beam radiation, is the solar radiation traveling in a straight line from the sun to a plane at the Earth's surface oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays. Diffuse radiation is the solar radiation scattered by particles in the atmosphere and received at a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface. Diffuse radiation comes from the entire sky dome, whereas direct radiation comes from a single direction. Total solar radiation is the sum of direct and diffuse solar radiation received at a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Observations are made by a sensor located at the top of the tower infrastructure. Instrumentation: Delta-T Devices SPN1 Sunshine Pyranometer
DOI: 10.48443/q633-ab72
title: Sediment chemical properties (DP1.20194.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's aquatic sediment collection and field metadata, as well as associated chemical data (nutrients, carbon, heavy metals, organic contaminants) provided by a contracted lab. Sediment field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes 2 times per year (spring and fall). Samples are collected from several depositional zones, homogenized, subsampled, and shipped to an external lab. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

asc_externalLabData:  90

asc_externalLabSummary:  14

asc_fieldDataPoint:  30

asc_fieldDataStation:  30

asc_fieldDataZone:  30
description: Sediment samples are collected from 2 stations at each site: at wadeable streams and non-wadeable (large river) sites are divided in half longitudinally and sediment is collected throughout each half (approx. 500 m reach per station).  In lakes, there are also 2 stations, the first near the buoy (the deep center point in the basin, called ‘c0’ meaning ‘center’), and the second near the near-shore infrastructure (about 1-2 m deep, called ‘in’ meaning ‘in-shore’).  Within each station, sediments are collected and homogenized from depositional zones at both stations 2 times per year during the spring and fall aquatic biological sampling bouts. Homogenized aggregate samples are subsampled into separate glass containers (1 per analytical suite: inorganic, organic, and carbon) and shipped to an external lab analysis.
DOI: 10.48443/mw3c-tw08
title: Elevation of groundwater (DP1.20100.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: There are important linkages and feedbacks between groundwater and surface water in streams, rivers, and lakes.  NEON measurements of groundwater elevation at high resolution temporal changes informs these linkages. Three to  eight wells are available per aquatic site.  In this way, magnitude and direction of groundwater flow can be calculated.  Wells are located both near the water body and further from the water body to enable investigation of hyporheic groundwater flow paths.  This data product contains continuous, quality-controlled, groundwater depth converted to elevation above mean sea level. Measurements are captured every five minutes and reported as 5-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Multiple groundwater wells per aquatic site are installed in triangular arrays where local features allow. Elevation of groundwater is measured in an site-specific array designed to capture shallow groundwater flow and exchange with the surface water feature at the site. Instrumentation: In-Situ, Inc. - Aqua TROLL 200
DOI: 10.48443/m44c-kd47
title: Shortwave and longwave radiation above water on-buoy (net radiometer) (DP1.20032.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Net shortwave and longwave radiation on buoys is measured every minute and is reported as 1-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute mean values. Other than the data collection frequency, this data product has the same data streams and processing as net radiation at aquatic met stations and on the terrestrial instrument towers.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The buoys are comprised of sensor sets which measure meteorological parameters over a water surface along with submerged sensors that measure physical and chemical parameters of the water body. Some of these sensors are unique to the buoy subsystem and others are shared with other NEON subsystems, such as the wadeable stream sensor sets or terrestrial towers. Due to power, space, and data storage constraints on the buoy, the configuration of sensors deployed on a buoy may be different than those in other parts of NEON. Instrumentation: Hukseflux NR01 Net Radiometer
DOI: 10.48443/3mp9-7269
title: Shortwave radiation (primary pyranometer) (DP1.00022.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Total incoming solar shortwave radiation, available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations. Shortwave radiation is composed of ultraviolet, visible, and a portion of infra-red wavelengths. Total shortwave radiation, also called global radiation, is the incendent shortwave solar radiation (direct and diffuse) received on a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The primary pyranometer is housed in a heated and aspirated ventilation unit at the top of the tower infrastructure. Instrumentation: Kipp and Zonen CMP22 Pyranometer
DOI: 10.48443/5wvb-ww20
title: Root biomass and chemistry, periodic (DP1.10067.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's belowground biomass protocol. These data enable estimation of the amount of belowground plant biomass <= 10 mm diameter within the area surrounding the NEON eddy covariance tower. At many sites this will also be the dominant vegetation type(s). Samples are collected once every five years. Whenever possible, NEON uses a 3-inch outside diameter (6.65 cm inside diameter) soil corer for belowground biomass sampling, with samples cored to 30 cm depth in order to be consistent with the sampling depth used for soil biogeochemistry and microbe sampling. All roots are sorted into three size category bins: <1 mm, 1-2 mm, and 2-10 mm. After sorting, root material is dried, weighed, and analyzed, then any excess root material is archived in the NEON Biorepository and available upon request. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section below. Products resulting from this sampling include root biomass by size class as well as root chemistry and stable isotope ratios. A summary table of analytical lab precision and accuracy is included in the expanded package.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

bbc_chemistryPooling:  90

bbc_dilution:  90

bbc_percore:  28

bbc_rootmass:  90

bbc_rootChemistry: 270

bgc\_CNiso\_externalSummary: 30
description: Each site is sampled every five years. At each terrestrial NEON site, roots are sampled from base plots (20-30) within the tower airshed (Tower plots). In each Tower plot, one or two clip cells (depending on plot size) are randomly chosen out of the pre-determined clip cell locations for root coring. The same clip cells are also used for annual aboveground Herbaceous Biomass sampling. In 20m x 20m Tower plots, two soil cores are sampled from one clip cell per bout. In 40m x 40m Tower plots soil core sampling occurs in two (out of four) randomly assigned 20m x 20m subplots, and two soil cores are sampled from one clip cell per subplot per bout. A root core is taken to 30 cm maximum depth from both the northern and southern end of the clip cell. Biomass per size category is pooled by clip strip prior to chemistry analyses, and only live or unsorted biomass is analyzed. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable isotopes are measured, but other analyses are possible by requesting access to remaining root material from the NEON Biorepository.
DOI: 10.48443/wwn5-sm51
title: Surface water microbe metagenome sequences (DP1.20281.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and minimally processed sequence data from NEON's surface water microbial shotgun metagenomics sequencing. For details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Queries for the basic data product package will return metadata tables that include field observations and measurements, laboratory methods, and results from DNA extraction, sample preparation, and sequencing for samples from the specified sites and within the specified date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files. Some of the sequence data are also available and may be queried on the [Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST)](http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) server: visit [https://www.mg-rast.org/](https://www.mg-rast.org/) to search the data repository. Note that there may be lags between publication of data on the NEON data portal and availability of sequence data on the MG-RAST repository.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mms_swMetagenomeDnaExtraction:  240

mms_swMetagenomeSequencing:  240

mms_swRawDataFiles: 240

fieldSuperParent: 30 days

fieldGenetic: 30 days
description: Surface water metagenomic samples are collected once per year during the approximate period of peak productivity. The metagenomics sampling occurs at the same time and location as surface water chemistry sampling. In wadeable streams, samples are collected near the downstream S2 sensor location. In lakes and rivers, samples are collected near the buoy sensor set at 1 sampling depth in unstratified systems and up to 3 sampling depth(s)in stratified lakes. Surface water grab samples are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. The filters are stored on dry ice in the field, and later are shipped frozen to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Laboratory data are then delivered to NEON, where they undergo QC testing and are published on the NEON Data Portal.