cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2319s41n
title: Underway O2/Ar (Oxygen/Argon) and oxygen data collected on a research cruise on the vessel Ocean Starr, Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, Arctic Ocean, 2019.

description: Data were collected between August 1, 2019 and August 24, 2019 using an equilibrated inlet mass spectrometer (EIMS, Cassar et al. 2009) connected to the surface uncontaminated seawater supply (which had a nominal intake depth of 3.5 meters) of Ocean Starr on leg 1 of Cruise identifier (ID) OS1901. Data were collected near-continuously over the cruise track which departed from Dutch Harbor, Alaska (AK) and sampled waters of the Bering and Chukchi Sea, ending in Nome, AK. This was a part of the Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Survey (Arctic IES) program. The objective of Arctic IES is to understand how reductions in Arctic sea ice and the associated changes in the physical environment influence the flow of energy through the ecosystems of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Two research expeditions in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas during late summer and early fall 2017 and 2019 were designed to address this objective. This survey takes measurements of the: 1) physical environment (temperature, salinity, nutrients); 2) seasonal composition, distribution and production of phytoplankton (plants); 3) distribution and standing stocks of zooplankton (bird, whale, and fish food); 4) assemblages, distributions, abundances, size, diet, and fitness of larval, early juvenile, and adult fishes; and 5) distribution and relative abundances of seabirds and marine mammals. The measurements here contribute to characterizing both the chemical environment and the rate of net biological oxygen production.
DOI: 10.18739/a2348gh7d
title: Stream discharge and temperature records for the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (2009-2022)

description: Understanding aquatic habitat and water resource responses to rapid and ongoing changes in both climate and land-use provide the basis for monitoring physical processes in ten streams and their watersheds in the northeastern portion of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A). Streams selected for monitoring were originally based on planned development in their upstream catchments and to represent reference (undeveloped) conditions. Monitoring periods for each station (up to 15 years) vary according to adaptive management of water resources in response to broader NPR-A management planning as well as alignment with proposed and ongoing monitoring efforts in Arctic Alaska. Stream discharge and water temperature data provide basic information to characterize physical regimes and variability among drainage units with respect to flood hazards, responses to land and permafrost dynamics, and connectivity and suitability of habitat for fish and other aquatic organism. Evaluating potential impacts of petroleum development primarily in the from lake water extraction, roads, and oil drilling and transport infrastructure are also an intended use of the data and reason for maintaining these monitoring stations. These data also support basic scientific studies of several National Science Foundation and U.S. Fish and Wildlife funded projects to characterize and understand the Arctic system. Data collection was primarily supported by the Bureau of Land Management.
DOI: 10.18739/a23775w8r
title: Ambient air ozone mole fractions measured in the University of Colorado container during the 2019-2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition

description: This dataset contains ambient air ozone mole fractions measured in the Central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The backbone of MOSAiC was the year-round operation of the Research Vessel Polarstern that drifted with the sea ice across the Central Arctic from October 2019 to September 2020. Measurements were performed onboard Polarstern in the University of Colorado sea-laboratory container installed below deck in the forward cargo hold. A ~50 meter (m) long Teflon sampling line was deployed from the container to the bow crane to allow measurements forward of the vessel. This dataset is an archive of minute-averaged ozone mole fractions.
DOI: 10.18739/a23f4kp60
title: Seasonal Water Table Depth (WTD) from the Mobile Instrumented System Platform (MISP) grid in Barrow and Atqasuk, Alaska 2021

description: Seasonal water table depth measurements were collected during the 2021 growing seasons at each Mobile Instrumented System Platform (MISP) located at Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska as well as in Atqasuk, Alaska. If a uniform representation of the water table within each plot was visible, then a Water Table Depth (WTD) tube was placed there to measure the change in water table throughout the season. One water table depth measurement was acquired, the date, start and end times, and the people present were also recorded, at alternating grid meters. Water table depth was taken on the north side of the grid at each WTD tube in order to reduce disturbance of vegetation. These measurements are part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) - International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) initiative and help to document seasonal changes in surface moisture and structure at high spatial scales. Special note on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact: 2021 summer field work was partly restricted due to the COVID-19 ongoing pandemic. Travel to native villages required a 10 to 14-day quarantine period after arrival, prompting field work to start at later dates than usual. Despite missing June sampling dates, we consider the basic field observations a success as we received at least one complete set of field observations from each site.
DOI: 10.18739/a23n20g15
title: Salinity and Stable Water Isotopes for Ice Cores in Leads during Leg 3 of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate 2020

description: Climate models project large uncertainty in the rate of future Arctic sea ice loss and its climate impacts. On multi-decadal timescales, this uncertainty is largely due to differences in the strength of feedback processes within the models. For the Arctic system, changes in surface reflection of heat and light (albedo) dominate the feedback process with the most significant departures in the surface heat balance. However, models employ relatively crude representations of many processes that are relevant to surface albedo evolution. To improve model predictions, we need enhanced parameterizations that are informed by the collection and analysis of relevant observations. Better Arctic predictions are particularly critical given the large changes underway and the urgent need to plan for and adapt to changes soon. One uncertain process that has been the subject of interest in the past decade is wintertime snow loss into open water in leads. However, there are no published measurements of this snow loss in the Arctic. This dataset addresses this gap. Ice core samples were collected from four leads in April 2020 in the Central Arctic as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). Salinity and stable water isotopes were measured to determine the amount of meteoric water (snow) that had been incorporated into the lead ice. This dataset contains the core measurements, a map of lead locations, descriptions of the formation of each lead, and core photographs. The MOSAiC event numbers corresponding to each coring event are given below: SL_a - PS122/3_36-187 T - PS122/3_36-191 M - PS122/3_36-192 A (cores DC_A_1 through DC_A_6) - PS122/3_37-165 SL_b, SL_c, SL_d (cores DC_SS_301 through DC_SS_305) - PS122/3_38-160 A (core DC_A_7) - PS122/3_38-161
DOI: 10.18739/a23r0pv5k
title: Declining basal motion drives the long-term slowing of Athabasca Glacier, 1961-2019, Canada

description: Globally, glaciers are shrinking in response to climate change, with implications for global sea level rise as well as downstream ecosystems and water resources. Sliding at the ice-bed interface (basal motion) provides a mechanism for glaciers to respond rapidly to climate change. While the short-term dynamics of glacier basal motion (&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 10 years) have received substantial attention, little is known about how basal motion and its sensitivity to subglacial hydrology changes over long (&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 50 year) timescales – this knowledge is required for accurate prediction of future glacier change. We compare historical data with modern estimates from field-collected and remotely-sensed data at Athabasca Glacier and show that, between 1961 and 2019, the glacier thinned by 51 meter ( - 18 %). However, a concurrent increase in surface slope results in minimal change in the average driving stress (-10 kilopascal, - 7%). These geometric changes coincide with a uniform surface slow down of surface velocity (-15 meter a-1, -45%). Historical observations and simplified ice modeling suggest that declining basal motion accounts for most of this slow down (63 % at a minimum). A decline in basal motion can be explained by increasing basal friction resulting from geometric change in addition to increasing meltwater flux through an efficient subglacial hydrologic system. There is some evidence that changes in basal motion in the overdeepened reach are responsible for slowing basal motion several km up-glacier. These results highlight the need to include time-varying dynamics of basal motion in glacier models and analyses. These findings suggest declining basal motion may reduce the flux of ice to lower elevations, helping to mitigate glacier mass loss in a warming climate.
DOI: 10.18739/a2416t12c
title: Stable water isotopes measured from the deep ice core of the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), spanning depths of 21.5m (meters) to 2120.7m with 10cm (centimeter) data resolution, obtained using averaged high-resolution continuous flow analysis measurements.

description: This data set is part of a joint international effort for the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), which has retrieved an ice core by drilling through the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS, 75.63°N (North), 35.98°W (West)). Ice streams are responsible for draining a significant fraction of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), and the project was developed to gain new and fundamental information on ice stream dynamics, thereby improving the understanding of how ice streams will contribute to future sea-level change. The drilled core also provides a new record of past climatic conditions from the northeastern part of the GIS. The project has many international partners and is managed by the Centre for Ice and Climate, Denmark with air support carried out by US ski-equipped Hercules aircraft managed through the US (United States) Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation. As of May 2022, approximately 2099.2 m (meters) of ice core have been recovered from the combined efforts of drilling operations in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Here we present records of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 21.5 meters to 2120.7 m depth. Bedrock is estimated to be at a depth of approximately 2550 m; the remaining ice is expected to be recovered in the 2022 and 2023 field seasons. The data product presented here is supported by the National Science Foundation project: Collaborative Research: The fingerprint of abrupt temperature events throughout Greenland during the last glacial period. Award # 1804098.
DOI: 10.18739/a2445hd7n
title: Fish length and ice thickness measurements from Shaviovik Spring, Alaska, April 2022

description: These data were collected at Shaviovik Spring (69.8166°N, 147.7580°W) in Arctic Alaska during late April, 2022. A pool containing overwintering fish had apparently pressurized, rupturing the overlying ice and carrying fish onto the ice surface. A complete description of the event is available in Glass et al. (In review). The datasets include lengths and locations of fish carried onto the ice surface and measurements of ice thickness and water depth of the pool. Glass TW, L Bishop, KM Fraley. In review. Oasis or trap? Mass mortality of overwintering fishes at an Arctic perennial spring and subsequent scavenging activity.
DOI: 10.18739/a24746s80
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.18739/a24746s9g
title: Community survey data of permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, and civil infrastructure damage in Point Lay, Wainwright, Utqiaġvik, and Kaktovik, Alaska. 29 October 2021 – 1 February 2022.

description: This dataset presents the results of a community survey that was designed to better understand the effects of permafrost degradation and coastal erosion on civil infrastructure. Observations were collected from residents in four Arctic coastal communities: Point Lay, Wainwright, Utqiaġvik, and Kaktovik. There are three categories of questions in this survey: permafrost degradation, coastal erosion, and infrastructure damage and repair. The participants identified changes in ground surface manifested by permafrost degradation in and around their communities. The options provided in the questionnaire included surface water ponding, sinkholes, ground surface collapse, differential ground settlement along roads and gravel pads, and others. The periods during which these changes have been happening were also recorded; the options include less than 6 months, 0.5–1 year, 1–3 years, 3–5 years, 5–10 years, and greater than 10 years. Participants also indicated the infrastructure types affected by permafrost degradation. The options include houses, runways, schools, ice cellars, water and sewer lines, and others. Effects of permafrost degradation on residential buildings, buried pipelines, utilidors, and roads were reported in the survey. Detailed information such as damage type, damage location, repair method, and effectiveness of repair methods was also recorded. For the questions related to coastal erosion, participants identified events of coastal erosion, periods during which coastal erosion has been happening, types of civil infrastructure affected, and types of erosion control measures implemented and their effectiveness. Participants were able to provide their plans if permafrost degradation and coastal erosion continue to happen. They identified the locations of permafrost degradation and coastal erosion on provided maps with three different scales of approximately 600 km, 40 km, and 8 km.
DOI: 10.18739/a24j09z82
title: Near surface snow isotopic observations from 2013 and 2015 snow pits at Summit, Greenland

description: The dataset presented here includes observations from three snow pits collected in the summers of 2013 and 2015 at and near Summit Station on the Greenland Ice Sheet. At Summit Station, snow pits of 114 and 153 centimeters (cm) depth were dug in 2013 and 2015, respectively. An additional 168 cm deep snow pit was sampled in 2015 approximately 10 kilometer (km) north-northwest of Summit. In each snow pit, measurements of snow density and isotopic ratios (δ18O, δD, and deuterium excess) were made over the depth of the snow pit. These snow pit data complements a daily precipitation isotopic dataset (Kopec et al., 2019) covering similar time periods (July 2011-September 2014). Approximate timescales in each snow pit were determined using the known dates of the surface snow and the ice layer that is present from the 2012 melt event (on 11 July 2012) at Summit, as well as general patterns of accumulation and the isotopic data. These snow pit data demonstrate that the precipitation isotopic signal translates directly to the snowpack, and thus provide insights to ice core isotopic records.
DOI: 10.18739/a2513tx3p
title: Stable water isotopes measured from the deep ice core of the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), spanning depths of 21.5m (meters) to 2120.7m with 10cm (centimeter) data resolution, obtained using averaged high-resolution continuous flow analysis measurements.

description: This data set is part of a joint international effort for the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), which has retrieved an ice core by drilling through the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS, 75.63°N (North), 35.98°W (West)). Ice streams are responsible for draining a significant fraction of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), and the project was developed to gain new and fundamental information on ice stream dynamics, thereby improving the understanding of how ice streams will contribute to future sea-level change. The drilled core also provides a new record of past climatic conditions from the northeastern part of the GIS. The project has many international partners and is managed by the Centre for Ice and Climate, Denmark with air support carried out by US ski-equipped Hercules aircraft managed through the US (United States) Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation. As of May 2022, approximately 2099.2 m (meters) of ice core have been recovered from the combined efforts of drilling operations in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Here we present records of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 21.5 meters to 2120.7 m depth. Bedrock is estimated to be at a depth of approximately 2550 m; the remaining ice is expected to be recovered in the 2022 and 2023 field seasons. The data product presented here is supported by the National Science Foundation project: Collaborative Research: The fingerprint of abrupt temperature events throughout Greenland during the last glacial period. Award # 1804098.
DOI: 10.18739/a2542j95x
title: Raw GC-MS/FID chromatograms collected in the University of Colorado container during the 2019-2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition

description: Data are available at https://arcticdata.io/data/10.18739/A2542J95X This dataset contains raw chromatograms (in AIA format (*.CDF)) collected at a 3-hr time resolution with an automated gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID) system during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The backbone of MOSAiC was the year-round operation of the Research Vessel Polarstern that drifted with the sea ice across the Central Arctic from October 2019 to September 2020. Measurements were performed onboard Polarstern in the University of Colorado sea-container laboratory installed below deck in the forward cargo hold. A ~50 meter (m) long sampling line was deployed from the container to the bow crane to allow measurements forward of the vessel.
DOI: 10.18739/a25d8ng5f
title: EGRIP water isotope data 21.5 m (meters) to 2120.7 m depth at 10 cm resolution, from continuous flow analysis (CFA).

description: This data set is part of a joint international effort for the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), which has retrieved an ice core by drilling through the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS, 75.63°N (North), 35.98°W (West)). Ice streams are responsible for draining a significant fraction of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), and the project was developed to gain new and fundamental information on ice stream dynamics, thereby improving the understanding of how ice streams will contribute to future sea-level change. The drilled core also provides a new record of past climatic conditions from the northeastern part of the GIS. The project has many international partners and is managed by the Centre for Ice and Climate, Denmark with air support carried out by US ski-equipped Hercules aircraft managed through the US (United States) Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation. As of May 2022, approximately 2099.2 m (meters) of ice core have been recovered from the combined efforts of drilling operations in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Here we present records of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 21.5 meters to 2120.7 m depth. Bedrock is estimated to be at a depth of approximately 2550 m; the remaining ice is expected to be recovered in the 2022 and 2023 field seasons. The data product presented here is supported by the National Science Foundation project: Collaborative Research: The fingerprint of abrupt temperature events throughout Greenland during the last glacial period. Award # 1804098.
DOI: 10.18739/a25q4rn41
title: Regional impacts of increasing fire frequency on carbon dynamics and species composition in the boreal forest, 2018-2021

description: The goal of this research is to quantify the potential for large-scale changes in carbon (C) sink strength, C stocks, and vegetation in boreal forests due to climate change and repeated wildfires by integrating mechanistic field and lab work with dynamic, spatially explicit landscape modeling. Working in central Alaska, the investigators will: 1) determine how fire frequency and climate change affect successional trajectories and above- and belowground C cycling, and 2) assess how the mechanisms that cause tipping points between vegetation types (i.e. conifer, hardwood, graminoid) and C sequestration (i.e. sink, source) vary spatially and temporally. The work will improve our understanding of how C cycling and species composition in boreal forests will respond to climate change and disturbances at the fine spatial scales critical to accurately project the future of the boreal forest. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) funded this work with award #1737166
DOI: 10.18739/a2610vt3x
title: Site characteristics (vegetation, soil, and snow) for 22 sites across Eastern Baffin Island, Canada (2018-2019).

description: Air temperatures across the Arctic are rapidly warming and causing perennially frozen ground known as permafrost to thaw. As permafrost thaws, it has the potential to accelerate global warming through carbon dioxide and methane release. Permafrost thaw rates vary from place to place due, in part, to the expansion of trees and tall shrubs which is also occurring as the Arctic warms. This tall vegetation traps snow, which acts as a blanket and insulates the ground surface from cold air, thawing permafrost. However, in places where permafrost occurs below shorter vegetation, our understanding of how vegetation influences permafrost thaw is lacking, largely because these regions of the Arctic are difficult to access. We collected and compiled this dataset of vegetation, snow, and soil observations at 22 study locations throughout eastern Baffin Island, Canada.