cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-855091
title: Working Memory Across the Adult Lifespan: An Adversarial Collaboration, 2016-2020

description: The research involves 17 experiments to examine how healthy adult volunteers aged 18-75 perform when they are asked to remember words or visual patterns at the limits of their working memory capacity, and are asked to make simple rapid decisions (such as whether a string of letters is a word or not, or taps into their general knowledge of the world). The experiments will look at how people cope with focusing on the memory task or on the decision task, or are asked to do both at the same time. Two of the experiments will involve large numbers of people performing a range of tests to see if, e.g. people who are good at memory tests are also quick and accurate on decisions, or good at memory and making decisions at the same time. Each theory makes different predictions for the results of our planned experiments. The planned research has significant potential for new theoretical developments, and for major advances in the understanding of this key human ability across the adult lifespan. Crucially, it will reveal whether all of working memory declines with age or whether some aspects remain largely intact, with important implications for design of technology for older users, and for lifelong education and training. Behavioural/cognitive data from experiments with healthy human adults on working memory.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129656
title: Supplementary Material for: Evaluation Studies of Robotic Rollators by the User Perspective: A Systematic Review

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Robotic rollators enhance the basic functions of established devices by technically advanced physical, cognitive, or sensory support to increase autonomy in persons with severe impairment. In the evaluation of such ambient assisted living solutions, both the technical and user perspectives are important to prove usability, effectiveness and safety, and to ensure adequate device application. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the methodology of studies evaluating robotic rollators with focus on the user perspective and to give recommendations for future evaluation studies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic literature search up to December 31, 2014, was conducted based on the Cochrane Review methodology using the electronic databases PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: evaluation studies of robotic rollators documenting human-robot interaction, no case reports, published in English language. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-eight studies were identified that met the predefined inclusion criteria. Large heterogeneity in the definitions of the target user group, study populations, study designs and assessment methods was found across the included studies. No generic methodology to evaluate robotic rollators could be identified. We found major methodological shortcomings related to insufficient sample descriptions and sample sizes, and lack of appropriate, standardized and validated assessment methods. Long-term use in habitual environment was also not evaluated. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Apart from the heterogeneity, methodological deficits in most of the identified studies became apparent. Recommendations for future evaluation studies include: clear definition of target user group, adequate selection of subjects, inclusion of other assistive mobility devices for comparison, evaluation of the habitual use of advanced prototypes, adequate assessment strategy with established, standardized and validated methods, and statistical analysis of study results. Assessment strategies may additionally focus on specific functionalities of the robotic rollators allowing an individually tailored assessment of innovative features to document their added value.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129650.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Reparation of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Combinatorial Therapy-Induced Hepatotoxic Effects by <b><i>Bacopa monnieri</i></b>

description: Drug-induced liver injury is a major challenge in treating tuberculosis with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effects of <i>Bacopa</i><i>monnieri</i> (Brahmi) against INH and RIF-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model and also to study the patterns of interaction between pregnane X receptor (PXR) and chosen active compounds of <i>B. monnieri</i>. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the experimental animals by the oral administration of INH and RIF (50 mg/kg b.w. each/day) for 28 days. The effects of co-administration of <i>B. monnieri</i> (500 mg/kg b.w./day) in INH- and RIF-induced rats were studied by the estimation of biochemical analyses. The standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin (25 mg/kg b.w./day) was used for the purpose of comparison. In silico docking experiments were carried out using the PatchDock server and the results were analysed on the PyMol molecular viewer. There was significant reduction in the antioxidant status of INH and RIF-induced rats. Also, there was significant elevation in the levels of serum liver function markers in the INH- and RIF-induced rats. <i>B. monnieri</i> was able to normalise the tested parameters. In silico studies reveal significant interaction between PXR and bacopaside I. <i>B. monnieri</i> exerts significant protective effects against INH and RIF-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129659.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Changes in Markers of Mineral and Bone Disorders and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Abnormalities in mineral and bone disorder (MBD) markers are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, previous studies have not accounted for their changes over time, and it is unclear whether these changes are associated with survival. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined the association of change in MBD markers (serum phosphorus (Phos), albumin-corrected calcium (Ca<sub>Alb</sub>), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) during the first 6 months of hemodialysis (HD) with all-cause mortality across baseline MBD strata using survival models adjusted for clinical characteristics and laboratory measurements in 102,754 incident HD patients treated in a large dialysis organization between 2007 and 2011. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Across all MBD markers (Phos, Ca<sub>Alb</sub>, iPTH and ALP), among patients whose baseline MBD levels were higher than the reference range, increase in MBD levels was associated with higher mortality (reference group: MBD level within reference range at baseline and no change at 6 months follow-up). Conversely, decrease in Phos and iPTH, among baseline Phos and iPTH levels lower than the reference range, respectively, were associated with higher mortality. An increase in ALP was associated with higher mortality across baseline strata of ALP ≥80 U/l. However, patients with baseline ALP &lt;80 U/l trended towards a lower risk of mortality irrespective of the direction of change at 6 months follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There is a differential association between changes in MBD markers with mortality across varying baseline levels in HD patients. Further study is needed to determine if consideration of both baseline and longitudinal changes in the management of MBD derangements improves outcomes in this population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129641
title: Supplementary Material for: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome: Report from the Zurich Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Cohort

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS, Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) presents various symptoms and can disfigure patients. The estimated prevalence is around 1:100,000. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To systematically investigate the clinical manifestations of NBCCS patients of the Zurich register and compare them with those described in 4 epidemiological studies performed in other countries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed patient characteristics and clinical manifestations in a register of 30 NBCCS patients in Zurich, Switzerland. We compared our findings to the results of 4 epidemiological studies performed in America, Australia, Japan and the UK. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We obtained information concerning basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and jaw cysts from 28 patients out of our population of 30 NBCCS patients. The mean age at onset of the first BCC was 24 years, and the mean age at diagnosis of the first jaw cyst was 15.6 years. The average number of jaw cysts was 8.4; the average number of BCCs was 207. 72.5% of the examined BCCs showed a nodular histology, but we also found scirrhous and superficial types. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The disease burden associated with NBCCS diagnosed in Swiss patients is significant and comparable to that of other countries. Regular skin examination and oromaxillary examinations should be performed early in diagnosis, and patients should undergo early UV protection. Nodular BCC is the most common BCC subtype in this patient population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129644
title: Supplementary Material for: Ambulatory Activity Components Deteriorate Differently across Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Sensor-Based Study

description: <b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Reduced ambulatory activity is a major burden in neurodegenerative disease (NDD), leading to severe restrictions in social participation and further deterioration of motor capacities. However, objective evidence on walking behavior patterns and components underlying this impairment and its decline with disease progression is scarce for many NDDs. We aimed to unravel the detailed metrics underlying the reduced ambulatory activity in selected NDDs, and their relation to disease duration. We hypothesized that progressively reduced ambulatory activity is a feature shared across different NDDs, characterized by changes in both common and distinct components. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty-five subjects with NDD (n = 34 degenerative ataxia; n = 15 progressive supranuclear palsy, and n = 16 Parkinson's disease) and 38 healthy older adults (total n = 103) wore a three-axial accelerometer (activPAL3™) for 7 consecutive days. Detailed metrics of ambulatory activity were calculated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The average daily walking duration was significantly decreased in all three NDDs, yet characterized by a differential pattern of changes in number and length of walking bouts and sit-to-stand transfers. Decline in walking duration progressed with increased disease duration in all three NDDs, yet at a differing rate. This decline was associated with progressive reductions in walking bout length and walking behavior pattern diversity in all three NDDs. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These findings provide objective evidence that reduced ambulatory activity is a shared feature across different NDDs. Moreover, they reveal that several underlying walking behavior components change with increasing disease duration, yet at a differing rate in different NDDs. This indicates that metric analysis of ambulatory activity might provide ecologically relevant and disease-specific progression and outcome markers in several NDDs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129647
title: Supplementary Material for: Surgical Management of a Case of a 360-Degree Giant Retinal Break

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The aim is to describe tools and techniques that can be used to deal with total retinal detachment (open funnel) and associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy due to a 360-degree giant retinal break following ocular trauma. <b><i>Setting/Venue:</i></b> The video (available at www. karger.com/doi/10.1159/000444811) was created at the Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A 16-year-old female patient presented to the Cairo University Hospital after blunt ocular trauma. She had traumatic cataract, and ultrasound examination showed total retinal detachment. She was scheduled for surgery at the Cairo University Hospital. Phacoemulsification of traumatic cataract was done after insertion of the 3-port 23-gauge trocar system. The 25-gauge chandelier illumination system was used to assist the peeling of adherent posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes, allowing bimanual work using an end-gripping forceps and a diamond-dusted retinal scrapper. Removal of the vitreous surrounding the retinal funnel was performed, and a small perfluorocarbon (PFC) bubble was used to support the posterior pole. This was followed by refreshing the rolled edges of the retinal break and shaving the vitreous base and anterior leaflet of the giant break by surgeon-assisted scleral indentation. The eye was completely filled with PFC, and Argon laser retinopexy was performed. Direct PFC-silicone oil exchange was done to avoid retinal slippage (silicone oil 5,000 cSt was used). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Retinal attachment was successfully achieved at the end of the surgery. The silicone oil was removed 5 months after the initial surgery. The patient's uncorrected visual acuity 1 month after removal of the silicone was 0.4. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The chandelier-assisted bimanual technique is an effective method for dealing with adherent posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes in a detached retina, particularly in cases of complex open-funnel retinal detachment. Proper shaving of the anterior leaflet and refreshing the edges of the retinal break helps decrease postoperative PVR formation. Direct PFC-silicone oil exchange in giant retinal breaks helps minimize the risk of retinal slippage occurrence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129638
title: Supplementary Material for: The Rate of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Deep Brain Stimulation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> For Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires additional safety considerations due to potentially hazardous interactions. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> A propensity-matched cohort of DBS-implanted patients was analyzed to determine the likelihood of needing MRI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with new DBS full-system implants (n = 576) were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental Databases (2009-2012). Patients diagnosed with PD, ET, or dystonia and no DBS implant were identified (DBS-indicated patients: n = 11,216). The DBS-indicated patients were continuously enrolled for 4 years and matched for age, gender, and propensity score based on comorbid conditions to DBS-implanted patients (n = 4,878 and 543, respectively). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve of time to first MRI was extrapolated to 10 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> An estimated 56-57% of DBS-indicated patients need an MRI within 5 years and 66-75% within 10 years after implantation. While 92% of DBS-implanted patients' MRI after implantation was of the head, for DBS-indicated patients, 62% of MRIs were of the body, potentially unrelated to the primary diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This analysis highlights the projected utilization of MRI in the DBS population for head and full-body images.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129635
title: Supplementary Material for: Early Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Various Severities: A Subgroup Analysis of the CATIS Trial

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Clinical trials have generally showed a neutral effect of blood pressure (BP) reduction on clinical outcomes among acute ischemic stroke patients. We conducted a prespecified subgroup analysis to assess whether disease severity modifies the effect of early antihypertensive treatment on death and disability among patients with acute ischemic stroke. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke, 4,071 patients with acute ischemic stroke and elevated BP were randomly assigned to receive antihypertensive treatment or to discontinue all hypertension medications within 48 h of symptom onset. The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability at 14 days or hospital discharge. In this subgroup analysis, participants were categorized into 3 groups according to their baseline NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (0-4, 5-15, or ≥16). <b><i>Results:</i></b> At 24 h after randomization, mean systolic BP differences (95% CIs) were -8.5 (-10.0 to -7.1), -9.8 (-11.4 to -8.3), and -9.1 (-14.4 to -3.8) mm Hg between the treatment and control groups (all p values &lt;0.001) for patients with a baseline NIHSS score of 0-4, 5-15, and ≥16, respectively. At day 7 after randomization, the corresponding mean systolic BP differences were -9.3 (-10.5 to -8.2), -9.1 (-10.3 to -7.8), and -10.1 (-15.1 to -5.1) mm Hg between the treatment and control groups (all p values &lt;0.001). The primary outcome was not significantly different between the treatment and control groups at day 14 or hospital discharge among all NIHSS subgroups (p value for homogeneity = 0.66). ORs (95% CI) associated with treatment were 1.14 (0.87-1.49, p = 0.33), 1.04 (0.86-1.25, p = 0.70), and 0.67 (0.18-2.44, p = 0.54) for patients with a baseline NIHSS score of 0-4, 5-15, and ≥16, respectively. The composite outcome of death and major disability at 3-month follow-up did not differ between the 2 comparison groups for all NIHSS subgroups. In addition, vascular events and recurrent stroke were not significantly different between the 2 comparison groups at the 3-month follow-up visit among all NIHSS subgroups except that there was a suggestive risk reduction for recurrent stroke among those with an NIHSS score of 5-15 (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99, p = 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Early BP reduction with antihypertensive medications did not reduce or increase the risk of death, major disabilities, recurrent instances of stroke, and vascular events in acute ischemic stroke patients with a variety of disease severities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129632
title: Supplementary Material for: Trends and Outcomes of Severe Sepsis in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Though the incidence of severe sepsis is rising, there is a lack of contemporary information regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of severe sepsis in those on maintenance dialysis. The objectives of this study were to measure the incidence and outcomes of severe sepsis in those on maintenance dialysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using data from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2005 to 2010, we included all hospitalizations of adults with severe sepsis based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Those on maintenance dialysis were identified by ICD-9-CM codes. We calculated incidence of severe sepsis and mortality. We used logistic regression to assess independent effect of maintenance dialysis status on mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the estimated 5,000,152 hospitalizations with severe sepsis, 322,734 (6.4%) were on maintenance dialysis. The unadjusted incidence of severe sepsis was 145.4 per 1,000 in those on maintenance dialysis in comparison to 3.5 per 1,000 in the general population. Mortality was higher in those with severe sepsis (30.3 vs. 26.2%; p &lt; 0.001). Maintenance dialysis is an independent predictor of death in those with severe sepsis (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.23-1.29). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Hospitalizations with severe sepsis are more prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in those on maintenance dialysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129638.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Rate of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Deep Brain Stimulation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> For Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires additional safety considerations due to potentially hazardous interactions. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> A propensity-matched cohort of DBS-implanted patients was analyzed to determine the likelihood of needing MRI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with new DBS full-system implants (n = 576) were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental Databases (2009-2012). Patients diagnosed with PD, ET, or dystonia and no DBS implant were identified (DBS-indicated patients: n = 11,216). The DBS-indicated patients were continuously enrolled for 4 years and matched for age, gender, and propensity score based on comorbid conditions to DBS-implanted patients (n = 4,878 and 543, respectively). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve of time to first MRI was extrapolated to 10 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> An estimated 56-57% of DBS-indicated patients need an MRI within 5 years and 66-75% within 10 years after implantation. While 92% of DBS-implanted patients' MRI after implantation was of the head, for DBS-indicated patients, 62% of MRIs were of the body, potentially unrelated to the primary diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This analysis highlights the projected utilization of MRI in the DBS population for head and full-body images.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129647.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Surgical Management of a Case of a 360-Degree Giant Retinal Break

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The aim is to describe tools and techniques that can be used to deal with total retinal detachment (open funnel) and associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy due to a 360-degree giant retinal break following ocular trauma. <b><i>Setting/Venue:</i></b> The video (available at www. karger.com/doi/10.1159/000444811) was created at the Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A 16-year-old female patient presented to the Cairo University Hospital after blunt ocular trauma. She had traumatic cataract, and ultrasound examination showed total retinal detachment. She was scheduled for surgery at the Cairo University Hospital. Phacoemulsification of traumatic cataract was done after insertion of the 3-port 23-gauge trocar system. The 25-gauge chandelier illumination system was used to assist the peeling of adherent posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes, allowing bimanual work using an end-gripping forceps and a diamond-dusted retinal scrapper. Removal of the vitreous surrounding the retinal funnel was performed, and a small perfluorocarbon (PFC) bubble was used to support the posterior pole. This was followed by refreshing the rolled edges of the retinal break and shaving the vitreous base and anterior leaflet of the giant break by surgeon-assisted scleral indentation. The eye was completely filled with PFC, and Argon laser retinopexy was performed. Direct PFC-silicone oil exchange was done to avoid retinal slippage (silicone oil 5,000 cSt was used). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Retinal attachment was successfully achieved at the end of the surgery. The silicone oil was removed 5 months after the initial surgery. The patient's uncorrected visual acuity 1 month after removal of the silicone was 0.4. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The chandelier-assisted bimanual technique is an effective method for dealing with adherent posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes in a detached retina, particularly in cases of complex open-funnel retinal detachment. Proper shaving of the anterior leaflet and refreshing the edges of the retinal break helps decrease postoperative PVR formation. Direct PFC-silicone oil exchange in giant retinal breaks helps minimize the risk of retinal slippage occurrence.