DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx2f
title: New Mexico PM2.5 concentrations by ZIP code for 4 smoke exposure estimates

description: This repository contains daily ZIP code-level data for four wildfire smoke
 PM2.5 exposure estimates and daily heat index used in our epidemiological
 analysis of cardiorespiratory emergency department visits in New Mexico
 during the 2022 wildfire season. The smoke exposure datasets include (1) a
 regulatory-only product, (2) a regulatory + PurpleAir kriged product, (3)
 the NOAA HMS smoke plume–masked product, and (4) a CMAQ-modeled product
 with bias correction. Heat index values were derived from gridded
 meteorological data and aggregated to ZIP codes. These datasets support
 investigations of how exposure measurement choices influence health effect
 estimates in wildfire smoke research.
description: # New Mexico ZIP code PM2.5 Concentration for 4 smoke exposure estimates
 Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx2f](10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx2f) ##
 Description of the data and file structure **We include five datasets in
 this repository:** 1. *Regulatory-only:* Daily smoke PM2.5 was estimated
 using ordinary kriging of EPA and IMPROVE monitor data. To attribute PM2.5
 to smoke, we use the presence of the NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke
 plumes over the grid cell. Seasonal background concentrations are removed.
 2. *Regulatory + PurpleAir:* We added quality-controlled PurpleAir sensor
 data to the Regulatory-only product, applied a US EPA wildfire correction
 factor, and kriged measurements to a 0.1° grid. Smoke days were defined by
 buffered HMS plumes, and seasonal background levels were removed. 3.
 *Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) 24-hour average and 1-hour
 maximum:* Smoke PM₂.₅ estimates were provided from a bias-corrected CMAQ
 simulation of six major wildfires in New Mexico from April 6 – August 22,
 2022 (Maji et al., 2024), including 24-hour mean and 1-hour max
 concentrations. 4. *Heat Index:* Daily ZIP code–level heat index values
 were calculated from 4 km PRISM temperature and humidity data. All
 estimates were population-weighted using NASA SEDAC GPWv4 data. ### Files
 and variables #### File: CMAQ1hourMAX.csv **Description:** 1-hour maximum
 smoke PM2.5 estimates from the Community Multiscale Air Quality model for
 New Mexico 2022 by ZIP code. ##### Variables * Date: Date the 1-hour
 maximum smoke PM2.5 is simulated for. The format is: 'mm/dd/yy.'
 The estimates begin on April 6, 2022 and end August 22, 2022, which is
 when the Calf Canyon/Hermit's Peak fire occurred.  * All following
 rows (e.g., 87104, 87109, 87825, etc.) are ZIP codes in New Mexico to
 which the smoke PM2.5 estimate corresponds with. The estimates are
 provided in micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m^3). #### File:
 CMAQ24hourAVG.csv **Description:** 24-hour average smoke PM2.5 estimates
 from the Community Multiscale Air Quality model for New Mexico 2022 by ZIP
 code. ##### Variables * Date: Date the 24-hour average smoke PM2.5 is
 simulated for. The format is: 'mm/dd/yy.' The estimates begin on
 April 6, 2022 and end August 22, 2022, which is when the Calf
 Canyon/Hermit's Peak fire occurred.  * All following rows (e.g.,
 87104, 87109, 87825, etc.) are ZIP codes in New Mexico to which the smoke
 PM2.5 estimate corresponds with. The estimates are provided in micrograms
 per cubic meter (ug/m^3). #### File: Regulatory\_PA.csv
 **Description:** Daily smoke PM2.5 estimates using regulatory monitors
 from the US EPA and low-cost PurpleAir sensors for New Mexico 2022 by ZIP
 code. ##### Variables * Date: Date the daily smoke PM2.5 is estimated for.
 The format is: 'mm/dd/yy.' The estimates begin on January 1,
 2022 and end December 31, 2022. * All following rows (e.g., 87104, 87109,
 87825, etc.) are ZIP codes in New Mexico to which the smoke PM2.5 estimate
 corresponds with. The estimates are provided in micrograms per cubic meter
 (ug/m^3). #### File: Regulatoryonly.csv **Description:** Daily smoke PM2.5
 estimates using regulatory monitors from the US EPA for New Mexico 2022 by
 ZIP code. ##### Variables * Date: Date the daily smoke PM2.5 is estimated
 for. The format is: 'mm/dd/yy.' The estimates begin on January
 1, 2022 and end December 31, 2022. * All following rows (e.g., 87104,
 87109, 87825, etc.) are ZIP codes in New Mexico to which the smoke PM2.5
 estimate corresponds with. The estimates are provided in micrograms per
 cubic meter (ug/m^3). #### File: Heat\_index.csv **Description:**  #####
 Variables * zipcode: ZIP codes in New Mexico * All following rows
 (e.g.,'1/1/22,' '1/2/22,' '1/3/22,' etc.)
 are dates with which the smoke PM2.5 estimate corresponds with. The format
 of the dates is 'mm/dd/yy.' The estimates are provided in
 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m^3). Dates range from January 1 - December
 31, 2022 ## Code/software There is not specific code or software needed to
 use the data. However, we created a GitHub with all Python and R scripts
 written for our analysis
 ([https://github.com/oliviasablan/New_Mexico_Wildfire](https://github.com/oliviasablan/New_Mexico_Wildfire)). ## Access information Data was derived from the following sources: * The EPA regulatory PM2.5 data is publicly available and can be downloaded from [https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html](https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html) * The PurpleAir data from public monitors can be accessed through the PurpleAir API, and the details can be found here: [https://community.purpleair.com/t/making-api-calls-with-the-purpleair-api/180](https://community.purpleair.com/t/making-api-calls-with-the-purpleair-api/180) * The NOAA/NEDIS Hazard Mapping System Smoke Product is available at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration here: [https://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/FIRE/web/HMS/Smoke_Polygons/Shapefile/2022/](https://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/FIRE/web/HMS/Smoke_Polygons/Shapefile/2022/) * More information on running CMAQ can be found here: [https://www.epa.gov/cmaq](https://www.epa.gov/cmaq) * Data used to calculate heat index can be accessed here: [https://prism.oregonstate.edu/](https://prism.oregonstate.edu/)