DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp75
title: Data for: Island syndrome in the critically endangered Lord Howe Island cockroach <em>Panesthia lata</em>

description: Following island colonisation, organisms experience a unique array of
 selective pressures, giving rise to a somewhat predictable suite of
 morphological, demographic and ecological adaptations known as the “island
 syndrome”. Studies of the island syndrome have provided valuable insights
 into processes of speciation, community assembly, adaptive radiation and
 ecological release, alongside many others. However, to date, behavioural
 aspects of island adaptation have comparatively received little scientific
 attention, especially among invertebrates. In this study, we examined the
 agonistic, courtship and aggregation behaviour of the endangered Lord Howe
 Island cockroach Panesthia lata, and compared these to its Australian
 sister species Panesthia cribrata. Behavioural assays revealed that while
 courtship behaviour was relatively stable across the two species, there
 was a significantly lower incidence of male agonism in P. lata. In
 concordance, analyses of nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed
 that P. lata forms large aggregations of unrelated individuals, unlike
 most Panesthia species, which maintain stable family groups. These results
 align with previous findings of relaxed intraspecific aggression in island
 mammals and reptiles, providing novel evidence of behavioural island
 syndrome in an invertebrate. We also found that courtship behaviour did
 not vary when P. lata interacted with conspecifics from the same or
 different populations, suggesting that individuals from different
 populations will readily interbreed. This is a promising outcome for the
 conservation of this critically endangered species, which currently spans
 a fragmentary range consisting of small, insular populations.
description: # Data for: Island syndrome in the critically endangered Lord Howe Island
 cockroach *Panesthia lata* Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp75](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fbg79cp75) ##
 Description of the data and file structure These data and scripts were
 prepared for the manuscript "Island Syndrome in the Critically
 Endangered Lord Howe Island Cockroach *Panesthia lata*," published in
 *Ecology & Evolution.* ### Files and variables #### File:
 family_kinship_script.R **Description:** Script to analyse DArTseq SNP
 data and summarise kinship between individuals of *P. lata* in different
 aggregations. #### File: panesthia_behaviour.R **Description:** Script to
 analyse and visualise differences in courtship and agonistic behaviour
 across different populations of *P. lata* and *P. cribrata*. #### File:
 raw_group_size.csv **Description:** Data containing group size data for
 different aggregations of *Panesthia.* ##### Variables * species: *P.
 lata* or *P. cribrata* * population: Source population in NSW or LHI *
 adults: Number of adult individuals * nymphs: Number of juvenile
 individuals * total: Total number of individuals #### File:
 raw_body_length.csv **Description:** Data containing body length data for
 different individuals of *Panesthia.* ##### Variables * species: *P.
 lata* or *P. cribrata* * population: Source population in NSW or LHI *
 size: Body length (mm) * sex: Male or female #### File:
 size_and_aggregations.R **Description:** Script to analyse and visualise
 differences in group size and body length between *Panesthia*. #### File:
 raw_snp_data.csv **Description:** Raw nuclear SNPs for *P. lata* generated
 with DArTseq. #### File: idfile.csv **Description:** Individual and group
 metadata for the individuals genotyped for nuclear SNPs. ##### Variables *
 id: Individual ID * pop: Population * subgroup: Collection or aggregation
 #### File: raw_behaviour_data.csv **Description:** Data summarising
 courtship and agonistic behaviour in pairwise *Panesthia* behavioural
 assays. ##### Variables * species : *P. cribrata* or *P. lata* *
 between_within: Whether the pair is drawn from the same or two different
 populations * sex: Male or female * pop_treatment: Combination of
 populations * treatment: Combination of populations + sexes * replicate:
 Numbered replicate (1–6) * i1: ID of individual 1 * i2: ID of individual 2
 * video_duration: Video duration (s) * total_time_interacting: Time
 interacting (s) * prop_time_interacting: Proportion of video length
 interacting * number_interactions: Number of discrete interactions *
 num_agon: Number of agonistic interactions * num_agon_over_total: Number
 of agonistic interactions / total interactions * num_neut: Number of
 neutral interactions * num_neut_over_total: Number of neutral interactions
 / total interactions * num_court: Number of courtship interactions *
 num_court_over_total: Number of courtship interactions / total
 interactions * num_i1_init: Number of interactions initiated by individual
 1 * prop_i1: Proportion of interactions initiated by individual 1 *
 num_i2_init: Number of interactions initiated by individual 2 *
 prop_i2: Proportion of interactions initiated by individual 2 * time_agon:
 Total time of agonism (s) * prop_time_agon: Proportion of video length
 interacting agonistically * time_court: Total time of courtship (s) *
 prop_time_court: Proportion of video length in courtship *
 agon_time_over_inter_time: Time of agonism / time interacting *
 court_time_over_inter_time: Time of courtship / time interacting *
 agon_presence: Did any agonism occur * court_presence: Did any courtship
 occur * agon_intensity: Intensity of agonism (0–2) * court_intensity:
 Intensity of courtship (0–2) * court_intensity_1: Intensity of courtship
 normalised to 1–2 * pushing: Number of pushing instances *
 antennal_fencing: Number of antennal fencing instances * pulse: Number of
 pulse instances * block: Number of block instances * submission: Number of
 submission instances * mutual_antennation: Number of mutual antennation
 instances * antennate: Number of antennation instances * tap: Number of
 tap instances * waggle: Number of waggle instances * tap_waggle: Number of
 tap-and-waggle instances * pushing_court: Number of pushing (courtship)
 instances * bend: Number of bending instances * push_frass: Number of
 pushing frass instances * female_turn: Number of female turn instances *
 copulation: Number of copulation instances * rubbing: Number of rubbing
 instances * pushing_int: Intensity of pushing *
 antennal_fencing_int: Intensity of antennal fencing * pulse_int: Intensity
 of pulsing * block_int: Intensity of blocking *
 mutual_antennation_int: Intensity of mutual antennation * antennate_int:
 Intensity of antennation * tap_int: Intensity of tapping *
 waggle_int: Intensity of waggle * tap_waggle_int: Intensity of
 tap-and-waggle * push_court_int: Intensity of pushing (courtship) *
 bend_int: Intensity of bending * push_frass_int: Intensity of pushing
 frass * rubbing_int: Intensity of rubbing * pushing_presence:
 Presence/absence of pushing * antennal_fencing_presence: Presence/absence
 of antennal fencing * pulse_presence: Presence/absence of pulsing *
 block_presence: Presence/absence of blocking * submission_presence:
 Presence/absence of submission * mutual_antennation_presence:
 Presence/absence of mutual antennation * antennate_presence:
 Presence/absence of antennation * tap_presence: Presence/absence of
 tapping * waggle_presence: Presence/absence of waggle *
 tap_waggle_presence: Presence/absence of tap-and-waggle *
 pushing_court_presence: Presence/absence of pushing (courtship) *
 bend_presence: Presence/absence of bending * push_frass_presence:
 Presence/absence of pushing frass * female_turn_presence: Presence/absence
 of female turn * copulation_presence: Presence/absence of copulation *
 rubbing_presence: Presence/absence of rubbing * agonism_int: Agonism
 intensity * courtship_int: Courtship intensity ## Code/software These data
 and scripts can be analysed/run using RStudio.