DOI: 10.5061/dryad.37pvmcvxx
title: Data from: Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent

description: Polyploidy is an important driver of the evolution and diversification of
 flowering plants. Several studies have shown that established polyploids
 differ from diploids in floral morphological traits and that
 polyploidization directly affects these traits. However, for floral scent,
 which is key to many plant-pollinator interactions, only a few studies
 have quantified differences between established cytotypes, and the direct
 effects of polyploidization on floral scent are not yet known. We compared
 the floral scent of established polyploids and diploids from a natural
 mixed-ploidy population of the plant Lithophragma bolanderi
 (Saxifragaceae), a species pollinated by two highly specialized moth
 pollinators of the genus Greya (Prodoxidae). We also compared the floral
 scent of neopolyploids synthetically generated from diploids with the
 floral scent of the diploid progenitors to quantify the direct effects of
 polyploidization on floral scent. Established tetraploids had a higher
 floral scent emission rate, produced more scent compounds, and emitted a
 relative scent composition that differed from diploids. Neotetraploids
 differed in the same direction from diploids as established tetraploids
 from diploids, but to a lesser extent. Together, our results provide novel
 insights into the ways in which polyploidization reshapes floral scent,
 thereby potentially altering interactions between plants and pollinators.
description: Seeds collected in one natural <em>Lithophragma
 bolanderi</em> population, in which both diploids and tetraploids
 grow, were grown in a greenhouse common garden. The ploidy level of the
 seeds was known. A subset of the diploid seedlings was treated with
 colchicine to induce polyploidization. When plants were well established,
 leaf material was collected and analyzed using flow cytometry to verify
 plant ploidy level. When these plants were flowering, hand-pollination
 crossings were conducted among colchicine-treated plants that were at
 least partially polyploid, among diploid control plants, and tetraploid
 control plants. These crosses were done to mitigate the side effects of
 colchicine. The seeds resulting from these crossings were used to grow F1
 plants. When the F1 plants were well established, leaf material of all
 colchicine-treated plants and a subset of the diploid and tetraploid
 control plants was collected and analyzed using flow cytometry (conducted
 by Plant Cytometry Service [https://www.plantcytometry.nl/] with <em>A. schoenoprasum</em> as internal standard) to verify plant ploidy level, and floral scent was collected using headspace sorption. The scent samples were analyzed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Peak areas of floral scent compounds were integrated and converted to absolute amounts in ng per h per flower based on an external standard including benzaldehyde, (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate, and linalool (racemic mixture). The absolute amounts of all floral scent compounds were summed up to calculate the emission rate. In addition, the relative amount of compounds was calculated by dividing the absolute amount of each compound by the total absolute amount of the sample hence it is unitless (i.e., the emission rate), and the number of floral scent compounds per sample was counted. For details, see: Schlager E, Dötterl S, Thompson JN, Friberg M, Gross K. 2025. Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent. Journal of Chemical Ecology.
description: # Data from: Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent This
 dataset contains all data newly collected for the following article: 
 Schlager E, Dötterl S, Thompson JN, Friberg M, Gross K. 2025. Direct
 effects of polyploidization on floral scent. Journal of Chemical Ecology.
 Details concerning the methodology and analyses of all data are described
 in the main text and the SI Appendix file of the article above. This
 dataset consists of the following data file (file type: tab-delimited .txt
 file): ScentData_Schlager_etal_2025.txt ## Description of the data and
 file structure ### ScentData_Schlager_etal_2025.txt These data were used
 to assess differences in floral cent between established diploids and
 established tetraploids the direct effects of polyploidization on floral
 scent by comparing synthetically generated neopolyploids with established
 diploids and established tetraploids and colchicine-treated plants that
 remained diploid. With these data, permutational multivariate analyses of
 variance (PERMANOVAs) and permutational analyses of multivariate
 dispersion (PERMDISPs) were conducted for scent emission rate, the number
 of floral scent compounds, and relative amounts of compounds. The file
 contains the following variables: * ScentID: Individual number for each
 sample. * Population: Three-letter abbreviation of the population name. *
 SeedFamily: Seed family (seeds from a single cross) identity. *
 IndividualID: Individual code for each plant within a seed family. *
 Donor_Seed_Family: Seed family identity of the pollen donor of the cross.
 * Donor_ID: Individual identity of the pollen donor of the cross. *
 Receiver_Seed_Family: Seed family identity of the pollen receiver of the
 cross. * Receiver_ID: Individual identity of the pollen receiver of the
 cross. * ParentalSeedFamily_Donor_Receiver: Factor combining the
 information of the column “Donor_Seed_Family” (number in front of “*”) and
 the column “Receiver_Seed_Family” (number after “*”). * Year: Year when
 the plants were collected and analyzed. “2021” for the plants from the
 first cohort (sowed in March 2021), “2022” for the plants from the second
 cohort (sowed in December 2021). * Ploidy: Plant ploidy level. “2x”:
 diploid, “3x”: triploid, “4x”: tetraploid. * Treatment: Information
 whether the parental plants were treated with colchicine (“treatment”) or
 not (“control”). * Treatment_Ploidy: Factor combining the information from
 column “Treatment” and “PloidyLevel”. * PloidyOrigin: Cytotype of the
 founder plant. 2x (diploid) for the established (control) diploids, for
 the colchicine-treated plants that remained diploid, for the neotriploids,
 and for the neotetraploids; 4x (tetraploid) for the established (control)
 tetraploids. * NoOpenFlowers: The number of open flowers from which floral
 scent was collected. * X24Hexadiene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 2,4-Hexadiene in ng per h per flower. * IsoamylAlcohol_AbsAmount: Absolute
 amount of Isoamyl alcohol in ng per h per flower. * Z3Hexen1Ol_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol in ng per h per flower. *
 X25Cyclohexadiene14Dione_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione in ng per h per flower. *
 E4Oxohex2Enal_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (E)-4-Oxohex-2-enal in ng per
 h per flower. * Benzaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzaldehyde in
 ng per h per flower. * Unknown1_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown
 compound 1 in ng per h per flower. * BenzylAlcohol_AbsAmount: Absolute
 amount of Benzyl alcohol in ng per h per flower. *
 Phenylacetaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Phenylacetaldehyde in ng
 per h per flower. * EBetaOcimene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 (E)-β-Ocimene in ng per h per flower. * X2MethoxyPhenol_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of 2-Methoxyphenol in ng per h per flower. *
 Linalool_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Linalool in ng per h per flower. *
 MethylBenzoate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Methyl benzoate in ng per h
 per flower. * Hotrienol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Hotrienol in ng per
 h per flower. * X2Phenylethanol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 2-Phenylethanol in ng per h per flower. * BenzylNitrile_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of Benzyl nitrile in ng per h per flower. *
 X12Dimethoxybenzene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene in
 ng per h per flower. * X14Dimethoxybenzene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene in ng per h per flower. * MethylSalicylate_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of Methyl salicylate in ng per h per flower. *
 X2Aminobenzaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 2-Aminobenzaldehyde in
 ng per h per flower. * X3Phenylpropanol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 3-Phenylpropanol in ng per h per flower. * Phenylacetaldoxime1_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 1 in ng per h per flower. *
 Unknown2_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 2 in ng per h per
 flower. * X14Benzenediol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 1,4-Benzenediol in
 ng per h per flower. * Phenylacetaldoxime2_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of
 Phenylacetaldoxime 2 in ng per h per flower. * ECinnamaldehyde_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of (E)-Cinnamaldehyde in ng per h per flower. *
 Anisole_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Anisole in ng per h per flower. *
 Indole_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Indole in ng per h per flower. *
 ECinnamylAlcohol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (E)-Cinnamyl alcohol in ng
 per h per flower. * Unknown3_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown
 compound 3 in ng per h per flower. * DimethylSalicylate_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of Dimethyl salicylate in ng per h per flower. *
 BenzylButyrate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl butyrate in ng per h
 per flower. * MethylAnthranilate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Methyl
 anthranilate in ng per h per flower. * X124Trimethoxybenzene_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene in ng per h per flower. *
 Unknown4_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 4 in ng per h per
 flower. * BenzylIsovalerate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl
 isovalerate in ng per h per flower. * BetaCaryophyllene_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of β-Caryophyllene in ng per h per flower. *
 Unknown5_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 5 in ng per h per
 flower. * BenzylTiglate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl tiglate in ng
 per h per flower. * Unknown6_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown
 compound 6 in ng per h per flower. * Unknown7_AbsAmount: Absolute amount
 of Unknown compound 7 in ng per h per flower. * BenzylBenzoate_AbsAmount:
 Absolute amount of Benzyl benzoate in ng per h per flower. * TotalAmount:
 Scent emission rate in ng per h per flower. * X24Hexadiene_RelAmount:
 Relative amount of 2,4-Hexadiene. * IsoamylAlcohol_RelAmount: Relative
 amount of Isoamyl alcohol. * Z3Hexen1Ol_RelAmount: Relative amount of
 (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol. * X25Cyclohexadiene14Dione_RelAmount: Relative amount of
 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione. * E4Oxohex2Enal_RelAmount: Relative amount
 of (E)-4-Oxohex-2-enal. * Benzaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of
 Benzaldehyde. * Unknown1_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 1.
 * BenzylAlcohol_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl alcohol. *
 Phenylacetaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of Phenylacetaldehyde. *
 EBetaOcimene_RelAmount: Relative amount of (E)-β-Ocimene. *
 X2MethoxyPhenol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2-Methoxyphenol. *
 Linalool_RelAmount: Relative amount of Linalool. *
 MethylBenzoate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Methyl benzoate. *
 Hotrienol_RelAmount: Relative amount of Hotrienol. *
 X2Phenylethanol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2-Phenylethanol. *
 BenzylNitrile_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl nitrile. *
 X12Dimethoxybenzene_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene. *
 X14Dimethoxybenzene_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene. *
 MethylSalicylate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Methyl salicylate. *
 X2Aminobenzaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2-Aminobenzaldehyde. *
 X3Phenylpropanol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 3-Phenylpropanol. *
 Phenylacetaldoxime1_RelAmount: Relative amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 1. *
 Unknown2_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 2. *
 X14Benzenediol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,4-Benzenediol. *
 Phenylacetaldoxime2_RelAmount: Relative amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 2. *
 ECinnamaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of (E)-Cinnamaldehyde. *
 Anisole_RelAmount: Relative amount of Anisole. * Indole_RelAmount:
 Relative amount of Indole. * ECinnamylAlcohol_RelAmount: Relative amount
 of (E)-Cinnamyl alcohol. * Unknown3_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown
 compound 3. * DimethylSalicylate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Dimethyl
 salicylate. * BenzylButyrate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl
 butyrate. * MethylAnthranilate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Methyl
 anthranilate. * X124Trimethoxybenzene_RelAmount: Relative amount of
 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene. * Unknown4_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown
 compound 4. * BenzylIsovalerate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl
 isovalerate. * BetaCaryophyllene_RelAmount: Relative amount of
 β-Caryophyllene. * Unknown5_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound
 5. * BenzylTiglate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl tiglate. *
 Unknown6_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 6. *
 Unknown7_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 7. *
 BenzylBenzoate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl benzoate. *
 NoCompounds: Number of compounds in the sample. ## Sharing/Access
 information These data are not accessible at another location. These are
 original data and not derived from another source.