cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk5hk
title: Data from: Separation in flowering time contributes to the maintenance of sympatric cryptic plant lineages

description: Sympatric cryptic lineages are a challenge for the understanding of
 species coexistence and lineage diversification as well as for management,
 conservation, and utilization of plant genetic resources. In higher plants
 studies providing insights into the mechanisms creating and maintaining
 sympatric cryptic lineages are rare. Here, using microsatellites and
 chloroplast sequence data, morphometric analyses, and phenological
 observations, we ask whether sympatrically coexisting lineages in the
 common wetland plant Juncus effusus are ecologically differentiated and
 reproductively isolated. Our results show two genetically highly
 differentiated, homoploid lineages within J. effusus that are
 morphologically cryptic and have similar preference for soil moisture
 content. However, flowering time differed significantly between the
 lineages contributing to reproductive isolation and the maintenance of
 these lineages. Furthermore, the later flowering lineage suffered less
 from predispersal seed predation by a Coleophora moth species. Still, we
 detected viable and reproducing hybrids between both lineages and the
 earlier flowering lineage and J. conglomeratus, a coexisting close
 relative. Flowering time differentiation between the lineages can be
 explained by neutral divergence alone and together with a lack of
 postzygotic isolation mechanisms; the sympatric coexistence of these
 lineages is most likely the result of an allopatric origin with secondary
 contact.
description: Morphological,
 phenological and molecular dataData in Excel format
 with three working sheets.data_for
 dryad_final_2015.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3bv1h
title: Data from: Long-distance dispersal maximizes evolutionary potential during rapid geographic range expansion

description: Conventional wisdom predicts that sequential founder events will cause
 genetic diversity to erode in species with expanding geographic ranges,
 limiting evolutionary potential at the range margin. Here, we show that
 invasive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in South Africa preserve
 genetic diversity during range expansion, possibly as a result of frequent
 long-distance dispersal events. We further show that unfavourable
 environmental conditions trigger enhanced dispersal, as indicated by
 signatures of selection detected across the expanding range. This brings
 genetic variation to the expansion front, counterbalancing the cumulative
 effects of sequential founding events and optimizing standing genetic
 diversity and thus evolutionary potential at range margins during spread.
 Therefore, dispersal strategies should be highlighted as key determinants
 of the ecological and evolutionary performances of species in novel
 environments and in response to global environmental change.
description: Genotypes_starlings_DRYADMicrosatellites genotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes description of Sturnus vulgaris in South Africa and United Kingdomhaplo-genbankGenbank accession number for each haplotype
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jf36b
title: Data from: Marine biodiversity at the end of the world: Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez islands

description: The vast and complex coast of the Magellan Region of extreme southern
 Chile possesses a diversity of habitats including fjords, deep channels,
 and extensive kelp forests, with a unique mix of temperate and
 sub-Antarctic species. The Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez archipelagos are
 the most southerly locations in the Americas, with the southernmost kelp
 forests, and some of the least explored places on earth. The giant kelp
 Macrocystis pyrifera plays a key role in structuring the ecological
 communities of the entire region, with the large brown seaweed Lessonia
 spp. forming dense understories. Kelp densities were highest around Cape
 Horn, followed by Diego Ramírez, and lowest within the fjord region of
 Francisco Coloane Marine Park (mean canopy densities of 2.51 kg m-2, 2.29
 kg m-2, and 2.14 kg m-2, respectively). There were clear differences in
 marine communities among these sub-regions, with the lowest diversity in
 the fjords. We observed 18 species of nearshore fishes, with average
 species richness nearly 50% higher at Diego Ramírez compared with Cape
 Horn and Francisco Coloane. The number of individual fishes was nearly 10
 times higher at Diego Ramírez and 4 times higher at Cape Horn compared
 with the fjords. Dropcam surveys of mesophotic depths (53-105 m)
 identified 30 taxa from 25 families, 15 classes, and 7 phyla. While much
 of these deeper habitats consisted of soft sediment and cobble, in rocky
 habitats, echinoderms, mollusks, bryozoans, and sponges were common. The
 southern hagfish (Myxine australis) was the most frequently encountered of
 the deep-sea fishes (50% of deployments), and while the Fueguian sprat
 (Sprattus fuegensis) was the most abundant fish species, its distribution
 was patchy. The Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez archipelagos represent some of
 the last intact sub-Antarctic ecosystems remaining and a recently declared
 large protected area will help ensure the health of this unique region.
description: Cape_Horn_invertebrate_dataData collected in the field. Excel file format. Region: Fjords, Cape Horn, Diego Ramirez Island: Canel Barbara, Diego Ramirez, Isla Grevy, Isla Hermite, Isla Herschel, Isla Hornos, Isla Wollaston Station: 1-18 Sample: 1, 2 Date: dd-MMM-yr Lat: Latitude – decimal degrees WGS84 Long: Longitude - decimal degrees WGS84 Depth: M Species: Scientific name Count: number Num_m^2: Number per meter squaredCape_Horn_fish_dataData collected in the field. Excel file format. Region: Fjords, Cape Horn, Diego Ramirez Island: Canel Barbara, Diego Ramirez, Isla Grevy, Isla Hermite, Isla Herschel, Isla Hornos, Isla Wollaston Station: 1-18 Sample: 1, 2 Date: dd-MMM-yr Lat: Latitude – decimal degrees WGS84 Long: Longitude - decimal degrees WGS84 Depth: M Species: Scientific name Count: number Num_m^2: Number per meter squared
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1s6v2
title: Data from: Divergence before the host shift? Prezygotic reproductive isolation among three varieties of a specialist fly on a single host plant

description: 1. Although divergence via host-plant shifting is a common theme in the
 speciation of some phytophagous insects, it is not clear whether host
 shifts are typically initiators of speciation or if they instead
 contribute to divergence events already in progress. While host shifts
 appear to be generally associated with speciation events for flies in the
 genus Strauzia, three sympatric varieties of the sunflower fly [Strauzia
 longipennis (Wiedemann)] co-occur on the same host plant in the Midwestern
 United States and may have evolved reproductive barriers without a host
 shift. 2. The strength of two prezygotic reproductive barriers was
 compared among the three S. longipennis varieties: one barrier that is
 often associated with divergent ecological selection (allochronic
 isolation), and another that is more likely to be independent of
 ecological selection (pre-copulatory sexual isolation). The presence and
 relative strength of each barrier between fly varieties were evaluated
 using microsatellites, no choice mating experiments, studies of
 allochronic isolation, and field collection data. 3. Evidence for both
 allochronic isolation and pre-copulatory sexual isolation was detected
 between the three varieties of S. longipennis. The measure of isolation
 calculated for each barrier between the three varieties was lower than
 measures calculated between different species of Strauzia found on
 different hosts, suggesting that subsequent host shifts may increase the
 degree of reproductive isolation. For Strauzia and other specialist
 insects, some reproductive isolation may evolve prior to, and indeed may
 facilitate, host shifts.
description: Raw Microsatellite
 ScoresMicrosatellite genotypes
 for Strauzia flies reported in this study. "X" indicates no
 data.Strauzia Microsat
 Data.xlsxAdult Strauzia
 collection data for temporal isolation studyCollection numbers for
 three varieties of Strauzia flies collected on H. tuberosus plants in the
 Iowa City, IA area from 2011-2014.Collection
 data.xlsxMating
 DataResults of 892 mating
 crosses between Strauzia flies. Included are information on collection
 site, number of observations, and the proportion of observations that
 flies were observed mating.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p6678
title: Data from: Context-dependent survival, fecundity, and predicted population-level consequences of brucellosis in African buffalo

description: 1. Chronic infections may have negative impacts on wildlife populations,
 yet their effects are difficult to detect in the absence of long-term
 population monitoring. Brucella abortus, the bacteria responsible for
 bovine brucellosis, causes chronic infections and abortions in wild and
 domestic ungulates, but its impact on population dynamics is not well
 understood. 2. We report infection patterns and fitness correlates of
 bovine brucellosis in African buffalo based on (1) 7 years of
 cross-sectional disease surveys and (2) a 4-year longitudinal study in
 Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. We then used a matrix population
 model to translate these observed patterns into predicted population-level
 effects. 3. Annual brucellosis seroprevalence ranged from 8·7% (95% CI =
 1·8–15·6) to 47·6% (95% CI = 35·1–60·1) increased with age until adulthood
 (&gt;6) and varied by location within KNP. Animals were on average in
 worse condition after testing positive for brucellosis (F = −5·074, P
 &lt; 0·0001), and infection was associated with a 2·0 (95% CI =
 1·1–3·7) fold increase in mortality (χ2 = 2·039, P = 0·036). Buffalo in
 low body condition were associated with lower reproductive success (F =
 2·683, P = 0·034), but there was no association between brucellosis and
 pregnancy or being observed with a calf. 4. For the range of body
 condition scores observed in the population, the model-predicted growth
 rate was λ = 1·11 (95% CI = 1·02–1·21) in herds without brucellosis and λ
 = 1·00 (95% CI = 0·85–1·16) when brucellosis seroprevalence was 30%. 5.
 Our results suggest that brucellosis infection can potentially result in
 reduced population growth rates, but because these effects varied with
 demographic and environmental conditions, they may remain unseen without
 intensive, longitudinal monitoring.
description: body_conditionThese data include buffalo that became infected with brucellosis during the course of the study. We were interested in how host body condition scores differed before and after infection. Additional covariates included in this analysis include, host age in years(age_in_years), season, the presence or absence of a calf (calf), and host density (density_ave ) in the area it was captured.Host fitness and infection dataThis file contains the data used in analyses of host fitness. It contains columns that identify the animal (animal_ID), when and how often the animal was captured (month, year, capture_number), host condition (condition), host condition at the previous capture (previous_condition) and infection status (brucellosis). Because the file contains the data used for analyses of host pregnancy and calving, we include an indicator column (use_in_calf_anlaysis, use_in_pregnancy_analysis) to show which rows were used for each analysis.host_fitness_&_infection.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59k81
title: Data from: Functional attributes of savannah soils: contrasting effects of tree canopies and herbivores on bulk density, nutrients and moisture dynamics

description: 1. Savannahs are highly heterogeneous tree-grass mixtures, and the
 structural variation imposed by a discontinuous canopy cover results in
 spatial variation in soil properties such as plant-available nutrients,
 temperature and soil moisture. Many savannahs are also dominated by large
 vertebrate herbivores, which impose a different suite of effects on soil
 properties related to consumption, excretion and physical disturbance. 2.
 In nutrient-poor, water-limited systems, variation in soil resource
 availability may play a fundamental role in structuring plant communities,
 but the relative and interactive effects of key drivers of heterogeneity
 have received little attention in savannah ecosystems. 3. We investigated
 the independent and interactive effects of herbivores and tree canopy
 cover on multiple soil properties up to a depth of 10 cm, including bulk
 density, soil C pools, total and plant-available nutrients, moisture
 dynamics and temperature at 2 contrasting sites in Kruger National Park,
 South Africa. We analyzed samples from locations under and between adult
 tree canopies and inside and outside long-term herbivore exclosures using
 a nested design. 4. We found strong positive effects of tree canopies on
 total and labile pools of soil C and N and negative effects on
 plant-available P and soil temperature. Tree canopy effects on soil
 moisture availability were small but clearly detectable. During
 precipitation events, trees increased moisture inputs on granite soils but
 decreased moisture inputs on basalt soils compared to open sites. 5.
 Conversely, we found mixed evidence for herbivore effects on soil
 chemistry and temperature, but a clearer effect on soil moisture, with
 areas outside exclosures experiencing higher soil moisture retention,
 particularly immediately following precipitation events. Soil bulk
 density, a driver of both nutrient and soil moisture dynamics, was lower
 under trees and when herbivores were excluded. 6. Synthesis. Our results
 suggest that variation in tree cover is the dominant biotic driver of C,
 N, and P dynamics in these savannah systems in the top 10 cm of soil, that
 herbivores primarily affect soil moisture content, and that canopy and
 herbivore effects tend to be additive rather than synergistic.
description: Soil data for Kruger
 National ParkThree files containing
 GPS locations for all samples, soil chemistry and bulk density data, and
 soil moisture, temperature, and rainfall data.KNP_data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f0dg5
title: Data from: Metabolome dynamics of diapause in the butterfly Pieris napi: distinguishing maintenance, termination and post-diapause phases

description: Diapause is a deep resting stage facilitating temporal avoidance of
 unfavourable environmental conditions that is used by many insects to
 adapt their life cycle to seasonal variation. Although considerable work
 has been invested in trying to understand each of the major diapause
 stages (induction, maintenance and termination), we know very little about
 the transitions between stages, especially diapause termination.
 Understanding diapause termination is critical for modelling and
 predicting spring emergence and winter physiology of insects, including
 many pest insects. In order to gain these insights we investigated
 metabolome dynamics across diapause development in pupae of the butterfly
 Pieris napi, which exhibits adaptive latitudinal variation in the length
 of endogenous diapause that is uniquely well characterized. By employing a
 time-series experiment we show that the whole-body metabolome is highly
 dynamic throughout diapause and differs between pupae kept at a
 diapause-terminating (low), or at a diapause-maintaining (high)
 temperature. We show major physiological transitions through diapause,
 separated temperature-dependent from temperature-independent processes and
 identified significant patterns of metabolite accumulation and
 degradation. Together the data show that while the general diapause
 phenotype (suppressed metabolism, increased cold tolerance) is established
 in a temperature-independent fashion, diapause termination is
 temperature-dependent and requires a cold signal. This revealed several
 metabolites that are only accumulated in diapause terminating conditions
 and degraded in a temperature-unrelated fashion during diapause
 termination. In conclusion, our findings indicate that some metabolites,
 in addition to functioning as e.g. cryoprotectants, are candidates for
 having regulatory roles as metabolic clocks or time-keepers during
 diapause.
description: Cold tolerance
 datasetThis excel-file contains
 two sheets. The first has data on cold shock tolerance and the second has
 data on supercooling point of Pieris napi pupae undergoing diapause or
 direct development. Column headers contain descriptions of coding system.
 See main article for more information.Lehmann et al
 2017_cold_tolerance_data.xlsxMetabolome
 datasetThis excel sheet
 contains the whole body metabolome of Pieris napi undergoing direct
 development or diapause at two temperatures. Values are expressed as nmol
 mg-1. The first four columns contain descriptive information, each row is
 a single individual. Missing data (under quantification limit) was
 replaced with the lowest quantifiable value. See main article for more
 information.Lehmann et al
 2017_metabolome.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9060
title: Data from: Dispersal promotes compensatory dynamics and stability in forced metacommunities

description: Understanding the factors that govern the stability of populations and
 communities has gained increasing importance as habitat fragmentation and
 environmental perturbations continue to escalate due to human activities.
 Dispersal is commonly viewed as essential to the maintenance of diversity
 in spatially subdivided communities, but few experiments have explored how
 dispersal interacts with the spatiotemporal components of environmental
 perturbations to determine community-level stability. We examined these
 processes using an experimental planktonic system composed of three
 competing species of zooplankton. We subjected zooplankton metacommunities
 to varying levels of dispersal and pH perturbations that varied in their
 degree of spatial synchrony. We show that dispersal can reverse the
 destabilizing effects of environmental forcing when perturbations are
 spatially asynchronous. Asynchrony in pH perturbations generated spatially
 and temporally varying species refugia that promoted source-sink dynamics
 and allowed prolonged persistence of zooplankton species that were
 otherwise extirpated in synchronously varying metacommunities. This, in
 turn, increased local species diversity, promoted compensatory population
 dynamics and enhanced local community-level stability. Our results
 indicate that patterns of spatial covariation in environmental variability
 are critical to predicting the effects of dispersal on the dynamics and
 persistence of communities.
description: zoop_chla_time_seriesTime series data of total chlorophyll a concentration and densities of three zooplankton species (Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia reticulata, and Scapholeberis mucronata).zoop_chla_averages_emergentTime-averages (averaged over days 25-108) of data found in the file zoop_chla_time_series.txt, including total chlorophyll a concentration and densities of three zooplankton species (Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia reticulata, and Scapholeberis mucronata). Also included are emergent measures: temporal variability of total zooplankton abundance, total summed covariances among zooplankton species, and time-averaged zooplankton Shannon diversity (measured over days 24-108).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.292c8
title: Data from: Partitioning the effect of composition and diversity of tree communities on leaf litter decomposition and soil respiration

description: The decomposition of plant material is an important ecosystem process
 influencing both carbon cycling and soil nutrient availability.
 Quantifying how plant diversity affects decomposition is thus crucial for
 predicting the effect of the global decline in plant diversity on
 ecosystem functioning. Plant diversity could affect the decomposition
 process both directly through the diversity of the litter, and/or
 indirectly through the diversity of the host plant community and its
 affect on the decomposition environment. Using a biodiversity experiment
 with trees in which both functional and taxonomic diversity were
 explicitly manipulated independently, we tested the effects of the
 functional diversity and identity of the living trees separately and in
 combination with the functional diversity and identity of the decomposing
 litter on rates of litter decomposition and soil respiration. Plant
 traits, predominantly leaf chemical and physical traits, were correlated
 with both litter decomposition and soil respiration rates. Surface litter
 decomposition, quantified by mass loss in litterbags, was best explained
 by abundance-weighted mean trait values of tree species from which the
 litter was assembled (functional identity). In contrast, soil respiration,
 which includes decomposition of dissolved organic carbon and root
 respiration, was best explained by the variance in trait values of the
 host trees (functional diversity). This research provides insight into the
 effect of loss of tree diversity in forests on soil processes. Such
 understanding is essential to predicting changes in the global carbon
 budget brought on by biodiversity loss.
description: Surface litter
 decomposition, soil respiration as a function of Taxonomic diversity,
 functional diversity and functional identityNo.Sp – number of
 species CO2 – rates of soil respiration in µmolCO2m-2s-1 K – decomposition
 rate of home litter in d-1 ComsubK – decomposition rate of common
 substrate (“Common litter experiment”) Pred.CO2 – soil respiration rates
 predicted from those in monospecific plots Pred.K – decomposition rates of
 home litter predicated from those in monospecific plots Pred.ComsubK –
 decomposition rates of the common substrate predicted from the same common
 substrate decomposition in monoculture plots Dev.pred – (observed –
 predicted) CWM – community-weighted mean FD- functional Diversity Traits
 maxH – max height GR – growth rate LS – leaf size WD – wood density WDR –
 wood decay resistence Sem – seed mass RoH – root habut AM - Arbuscular
 mycorrhizas (Endomycorrhiza ) EM - Ectomycorrhizas Rdiam – root diameter
 Llo – lead longevity Lma – leaf mass per area Nleaf – leaf nitrogen
 content C – litter carbon content N – litter carbon content LDMC – leaf
 dry matter content SLA – specific leaf areaData.csv
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e6xf9w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 552 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Birds of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 552 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000805-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3rnb9z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 56 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Rhaphidophora spathacea"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 56 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000806-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.