cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044921
title: Validation of a diagrammatic scale to quantify the severity of corn leaf anthracnose

description: ABSTRACT The occurrence of foliar diseases in corn (Zea mays), caused by fungi, is easily diagnosed in the field. However, tools to obtain accurate information on disease quantification are necessary. The objective of this study was to develop a diagrammatic scale to estimate the severity of leaf anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola in corn. To elaborate the diagrammatic scale, 100 corn leaves showing different severity levels of the disease were collected and taken to the laboratory for selection and capture of images using Quant v.1.0.2 software. The images were analyzed by 22 experienced evaluators and by 13 inexperienced evaluators. Once the actual severity degree was known, regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the actual severity degree and the estimated severity degree with the use or without the use of the scale. The accuracy of the evaluator was determined based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and variance. The proposed scale, with 18 distinct severities, showed to be an efficient tool to quantify the severity of anthracnose. The accuracy of all evaluators increased when the scale was used since, among the experienced evaluators, 14 out of 22 increased their accuracy and, among inexperienced ones, nine also had their accuracy improved by using the proposed scale. Therefore, the gains were higher for evaluators without experience, 69.2%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044921.v1
title: Validation of a diagrammatic scale to quantify the severity of corn leaf anthracnose

description: ABSTRACT The occurrence of foliar diseases in corn (Zea mays), caused by fungi, is easily diagnosed in the field. However, tools to obtain accurate information on disease quantification are necessary. The objective of this study was to develop a diagrammatic scale to estimate the severity of leaf anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola in corn. To elaborate the diagrammatic scale, 100 corn leaves showing different severity levels of the disease were collected and taken to the laboratory for selection and capture of images using Quant v.1.0.2 software. The images were analyzed by 22 experienced evaluators and by 13 inexperienced evaluators. Once the actual severity degree was known, regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the actual severity degree and the estimated severity degree with the use or without the use of the scale. The accuracy of the evaluator was determined based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and variance. The proposed scale, with 18 distinct severities, showed to be an efficient tool to quantify the severity of anthracnose. The accuracy of all evaluators increased when the scale was used since, among the experienced evaluators, 14 out of 22 increased their accuracy and, among inexperienced ones, nine also had their accuracy improved by using the proposed scale. Therefore, the gains were higher for evaluators without experience, 69.2%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044915
title: Botulinum toxin for hereditary spastic paraplegia: effects on motor and non-motor manifestations

description: ABSTRACT Motor and non-motor manifestations are common and disabling features of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Botulinum toxin type A (Btx-A) is considered effective for spasticity and may improve gait in these patients. Little is known about the effects of Btx-A on non-motor symptoms in HSP patients. Objective To assess the efficacy of Btx-A on motor and non-motor manifestations in HSP patients. Methods Thirty-three adult patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HSP were evaluated before and after Btx-A injections. Results Mean age was 41.7 ± 13.6 years and there were 18 women. Most patients had a pure phenotype and SPG4 was the most frequent genotype. The Btx-A injections resulted in a decrease in spasticity at the adductor muscles, and no other motor measure was significantly modified. In contrast, fatigue scores were significantly reduced after Btx-A injections. Conclusion Btx-A injections resulted in no significant functional motor improvement for HSP, but fatigue improved after treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044915.v1
title: Botulinum toxin for hereditary spastic paraplegia: effects on motor and non-motor manifestations

description: ABSTRACT Motor and non-motor manifestations are common and disabling features of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Botulinum toxin type A (Btx-A) is considered effective for spasticity and may improve gait in these patients. Little is known about the effects of Btx-A on non-motor symptoms in HSP patients. Objective To assess the efficacy of Btx-A on motor and non-motor manifestations in HSP patients. Methods Thirty-three adult patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HSP were evaluated before and after Btx-A injections. Results Mean age was 41.7 ± 13.6 years and there were 18 women. Most patients had a pure phenotype and SPG4 was the most frequent genotype. The Btx-A injections resulted in a decrease in spasticity at the adductor muscles, and no other motor measure was significantly modified. In contrast, fatigue scores were significantly reduced after Btx-A injections. Conclusion Btx-A injections resulted in no significant functional motor improvement for HSP, but fatigue improved after treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044909
title: DRYING KINETICS OF BARU FRUITS (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data on drying of baru fruits (Dipteryx alata Vogel), determine and assess the effective diffusion coefficient, as well as obtain the activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the drying process under different air temperature conditions. Baru fruits with an initial moisture content of 0.429 ± 0.044 (dry basis, db) were dried in a forced air ventilation oven under four temperature conditions (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C) until reaching a moisture content of 0.065 ± 0.018 (decimal db). These data were fitted to mathematical models frequently used to represent the drying of vegetal products. The Logarithmic model presented the best fit to describe the phenomenon. The effective diffusion coefficient increased as temperature increased, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with an activation energy of 37.64 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreased, while Gibbs free energy increased as drying temperature increased.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044909.v1
title: DRYING KINETICS OF BARU FRUITS (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data on drying of baru fruits (Dipteryx alata Vogel), determine and assess the effective diffusion coefficient, as well as obtain the activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the drying process under different air temperature conditions. Baru fruits with an initial moisture content of 0.429 ± 0.044 (dry basis, db) were dried in a forced air ventilation oven under four temperature conditions (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C) until reaching a moisture content of 0.065 ± 0.018 (decimal db). These data were fitted to mathematical models frequently used to represent the drying of vegetal products. The Logarithmic model presented the best fit to describe the phenomenon. The effective diffusion coefficient increased as temperature increased, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with an activation energy of 37.64 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreased, while Gibbs free energy increased as drying temperature increased.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044900
title: An introduction to fractional calculus and its Applications in Electric Circuits

description: Abstract A natural extension of differential calculus, initially proposed by l'Hôpital in a letter to Leibniz, leaded to the concept of fractional order derivatives. The application of fractional derivatives allows one to correctly describe the dynamics of many real systems, from biosystems to financial markets, where memory effects, dissipation and fractal dimensionality are present. This paper aims to present an overview of fractional derivatives and its representations, both in the form of Grünwald-Letnikov finite differences as well as in the form of Riemann-Liouville integrals, and to apply it in describing RC and RL electrical circuits of fractional order.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044900.v1
title: An introduction to fractional calculus and its Applications in Electric Circuits

description: Abstract A natural extension of differential calculus, initially proposed by l'Hôpital in a letter to Leibniz, leaded to the concept of fractional order derivatives. The application of fractional derivatives allows one to correctly describe the dynamics of many real systems, from biosystems to financial markets, where memory effects, dissipation and fractal dimensionality are present. This paper aims to present an overview of fractional derivatives and its representations, both in the form of Grünwald-Letnikov finite differences as well as in the form of Riemann-Liouville integrals, and to apply it in describing RC and RL electrical circuits of fractional order.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044891
title: Obtaining hybrids of cultivars and wild subspecies of cassava

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the crossability between cassava (Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) cultivars and the subspecies M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana. Plants from the BRS Jari, BRS Formosa, BRS Verdinha, and BGM 2050 (Equador 72) cultivars were crossed with the two subspecies. During flowering, at pre-anthesis, pistillate flowers were covered with a nylon bag and staminate flowers on the same inflorescence were emasculated. The staminate flowers were collected and placed in flasks previously labeled and sterilized with alcohol; some fresh flowers were stored at room temperature due to asynchronous flowering. The crosses were made between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. After pollination, the flowers were covered again. Evaluations were made from the moment of pollination to the dehiscence of the fruit. Of the total flowers pollinated, 38% were fertilized, and 504 developed fruits and 816 produced seeds were observed. As a male parent, M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia is more efficient in crosses with M. esculenta subsp. esculenta and may be recommend for controlled crosses. The crosses between the cassava cultivars and M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana produce viable seeds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044891.v1
title: Obtaining hybrids of cultivars and wild subspecies of cassava

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the crossability between cassava (Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) cultivars and the subspecies M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana. Plants from the BRS Jari, BRS Formosa, BRS Verdinha, and BGM 2050 (Equador 72) cultivars were crossed with the two subspecies. During flowering, at pre-anthesis, pistillate flowers were covered with a nylon bag and staminate flowers on the same inflorescence were emasculated. The staminate flowers were collected and placed in flasks previously labeled and sterilized with alcohol; some fresh flowers were stored at room temperature due to asynchronous flowering. The crosses were made between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. After pollination, the flowers were covered again. Evaluations were made from the moment of pollination to the dehiscence of the fruit. Of the total flowers pollinated, 38% were fertilized, and 504 developed fruits and 816 produced seeds were observed. As a male parent, M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia is more efficient in crosses with M. esculenta subsp. esculenta and may be recommend for controlled crosses. The crosses between the cassava cultivars and M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana produce viable seeds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044867
title: Thrips species (Insecta: Thysanoptera) associated with flowers in a restinga fragment in northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract With the growing volume of research involving Thysanoptera in Brazil, studies were carried out to improve our understanding of the diversity of thrips in areas where the fauna has historically been neglected. Accordingly, we recorded the diversity of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) associated with a restinga fragment located on the campus of the State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará state, and computed the estimated richness and diversity indices. Samples were collected from 2011 through 2013 from flowers of 86 plant species. The material was taken to the Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, where thrips were screened under stereomicroscope. We collected 456 adults and 58 immatures, representing 14 species, in addition to one unidentified species of Treherniella. Microcephalothrips abdominalis was found on a large number of host plants, and Frankliniella insularis was the most common species. About two-thirds of the total richness of thrips species was associated with three plant families (Amaranthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Poaceae); six thrips species were each associated with only one plant species. The richness of the species collected was close to that estimated by Bootstrap and Jackknife 1 analysis. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (D) diversity indexes were 1,7607 and 0.7769, respectively. Although the species are common, 46 new associations between plant species and thrips were established, 13 of which are true host associations, which demonstrates the importance of coastal vegetation in maintaining populations of thrips.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044867.v1
title: Thrips species (Insecta: Thysanoptera) associated with flowers in a restinga fragment in northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract With the growing volume of research involving Thysanoptera in Brazil, studies were carried out to improve our understanding of the diversity of thrips in areas where the fauna has historically been neglected. Accordingly, we recorded the diversity of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) associated with a restinga fragment located on the campus of the State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará state, and computed the estimated richness and diversity indices. Samples were collected from 2011 through 2013 from flowers of 86 plant species. The material was taken to the Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, where thrips were screened under stereomicroscope. We collected 456 adults and 58 immatures, representing 14 species, in addition to one unidentified species of Treherniella. Microcephalothrips abdominalis was found on a large number of host plants, and Frankliniella insularis was the most common species. About two-thirds of the total richness of thrips species was associated with three plant families (Amaranthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Poaceae); six thrips species were each associated with only one plant species. The richness of the species collected was close to that estimated by Bootstrap and Jackknife 1 analysis. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (D) diversity indexes were 1,7607 and 0.7769, respectively. Although the species are common, 46 new associations between plant species and thrips were established, 13 of which are true host associations, which demonstrates the importance of coastal vegetation in maintaining populations of thrips.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044864
title: Transgenic Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to survey soil ants in Bt and non-Bt maize (Zea mays) crops, and to compare their effect on the soil ant community. Nine pitfall traps, 10 m apart, were installed in a central area (900 m2) of each of the following treatments (2,500 m2): conventional maize; maize modified with the Cry1F, Cry1Ab, and Vip3A proteins; and a native vegetation area. Fortnightly collections were conducted during four periods (complete producing cycles) of the crop, from 2011 to 2013. The number of ant species varied from 25 in Bt maize (Vip 3A) to 58 in Bt maize (Cry 1F). The treatment with conventional maize showed the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’ = 2.60). Jaccard’s index showed that there is dissimilarity between the cultivated maize areas and the native vegetation area in most treatments, and that Bt and non-Bt maize show similarity in their soil ant assemblages. The cultivation of Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community. The subfamily Myrmicinae shows the highest number of species in all the collection periods, with 57, 41, 47, and 50 species in the first, second, third, and fourth periods, respectively. The genus Pheidole, belonging to this subfamily, shows the greatest number of species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044864.v1
title: Transgenic Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to survey soil ants in Bt and non-Bt maize (Zea mays) crops, and to compare their effect on the soil ant community. Nine pitfall traps, 10 m apart, were installed in a central area (900 m2) of each of the following treatments (2,500 m2): conventional maize; maize modified with the Cry1F, Cry1Ab, and Vip3A proteins; and a native vegetation area. Fortnightly collections were conducted during four periods (complete producing cycles) of the crop, from 2011 to 2013. The number of ant species varied from 25 in Bt maize (Vip 3A) to 58 in Bt maize (Cry 1F). The treatment with conventional maize showed the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’ = 2.60). Jaccard’s index showed that there is dissimilarity between the cultivated maize areas and the native vegetation area in most treatments, and that Bt and non-Bt maize show similarity in their soil ant assemblages. The cultivation of Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community. The subfamily Myrmicinae shows the highest number of species in all the collection periods, with 57, 41, 47, and 50 species in the first, second, third, and fourth periods, respectively. The genus Pheidole, belonging to this subfamily, shows the greatest number of species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044855
title: Sod production and the effects of liquid organo-mineral fertilizers and thickness of sod

description: ABSTRACT: Nitrogen fertilization and an appropriate cutting thickness can result in firmer sod that can be handled in less time with greater turfgrass regrowth during the subsequent cycle. This experiment was conducted on a sod production farm located in Capela do Alto, in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The soil was a dystrophic Rhodic Hapludox (Oxisol) with a medium texture. The experiment had two statistical designs; the initial design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replicates. Treatments were five doses of liquid organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) corresponding to 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha−1 of nitrogen (N) with supplementation of phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) as well as two control treatments - one with 300 kg ha–1 of N as OMF and the other with 300 kg ha−1 of N-urea + P and K. At harvest, the adopted design was a split-plot type with four replicates in a 7 × 3 factorial arrangement with seven treatments as the main plot and three sod cutting heights (9, 16 and 22 mm) as subplots. Nitrogen doses in the form of OMF influenced the percentage of ground cover (PGC) by turfgrass in both cycles. The N dose of 300 kg ha−1 formed the sod more quickly and provided the largest mass of roots and stolons and the highest sod tensile strength. The thinnest sod samples had faster regrowth and provided higher PGCs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044855.v1
title: Sod production and the effects of liquid organo-mineral fertilizers and thickness of sod

description: ABSTRACT: Nitrogen fertilization and an appropriate cutting thickness can result in firmer sod that can be handled in less time with greater turfgrass regrowth during the subsequent cycle. This experiment was conducted on a sod production farm located in Capela do Alto, in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The soil was a dystrophic Rhodic Hapludox (Oxisol) with a medium texture. The experiment had two statistical designs; the initial design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replicates. Treatments were five doses of liquid organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) corresponding to 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha−1 of nitrogen (N) with supplementation of phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) as well as two control treatments - one with 300 kg ha–1 of N as OMF and the other with 300 kg ha−1 of N-urea + P and K. At harvest, the adopted design was a split-plot type with four replicates in a 7 × 3 factorial arrangement with seven treatments as the main plot and three sod cutting heights (9, 16 and 22 mm) as subplots. Nitrogen doses in the form of OMF influenced the percentage of ground cover (PGC) by turfgrass in both cycles. The N dose of 300 kg ha−1 formed the sod more quickly and provided the largest mass of roots and stolons and the highest sod tensile strength. The thinnest sod samples had faster regrowth and provided higher PGCs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044852
title: Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in mechanized harvest of sugarcane billets

description: ABSTRACT The quality control is used for the evaluation of processes and products, and it is important to detect and reduce variability and in operations management can be applied in mechanized harvesting of sugarcane billets. In this sense, this study aimed to identify critical quality indicators and, if necessary, to develop a continuous improvement plan for harvest of sugarcane billets. For the survey and definition of critical quality indicators the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) was applied, after the formation of the quality technical team. Evaluations of the collected variables were through control charts of individual values and the process capability indexes. There are 8 critical quality indicators in the billets harvesting process; the cutting height, the damage index, the percentage of non-viable buds and operating speed have greater importance for analysis due to the risk priority index and the easiness of obtaining data for analysis. The development of the improvement plan aims to reduce the variability due to crop billets, thus, making it able to perform the operation within the required quality standards.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044852.v1
title: Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in mechanized harvest of sugarcane billets

description: ABSTRACT The quality control is used for the evaluation of processes and products, and it is important to detect and reduce variability and in operations management can be applied in mechanized harvesting of sugarcane billets. In this sense, this study aimed to identify critical quality indicators and, if necessary, to develop a continuous improvement plan for harvest of sugarcane billets. For the survey and definition of critical quality indicators the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) was applied, after the formation of the quality technical team. Evaluations of the collected variables were through control charts of individual values and the process capability indexes. There are 8 critical quality indicators in the billets harvesting process; the cutting height, the damage index, the percentage of non-viable buds and operating speed have greater importance for analysis due to the risk priority index and the easiness of obtaining data for analysis. The development of the improvement plan aims to reduce the variability due to crop billets, thus, making it able to perform the operation within the required quality standards.