cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15154/1523387
title:  Widespread attenuating changes in brain connectivity associated with the general factor of psychopathology in 9- and 10-year-olds
DOI: 10.15154/1523482
title: Comparison of individualized behavioral predictions across anatomical, diffusion and functional connectivity MRI

description: A fundamental goal across the neurosciences is the characterization of relationships linking brain anatomy, functioning, and behavior. Although various MRI modalities have been developed to probe these relationships, direct comparisons of their ability to predict behavior have been lacking. Here, we compared the ability of anatomical T1, diffusion and functional MRI (fMRI) to predict behavior at an individual level. Cortical thickness, area and volume were extracted from anatomical T1 images. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and approximate Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) models were fitted to the diffusion images. The resulting metrics were projected to the Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) skeleton. We also ran probabilistic tractography for the diffusion images, from which we extracted the stream count, average stream length, and the average of each DTI and NODDI metric across tracts connecting each pair of brain regions. Functional connectivity (FC) was extracted from both task and resting-state fMRI. Individualized prediction of a wide range of behavioral measures were performed using kernel ridge regression, linear ridge regression and elastic net regression. Consistency of the results were investigated with the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) datasets. In both datasets, FC-based models gave the best prediction performance, regardless of regression model or behavioral measure. This was especially true for the cognitive component. Furthermore, all modalities were able to predict cognition better than other behavioral components. Combining all modalities improved prediction of cognition, but not other behavioral components. Finally, across all behaviors, combining resting and task FC yielded prediction performance similar to combining all modalities. Overall, our study suggests that in the case of healthy children and young adults, behaviorally-relevant information in T1 and diffusion features might reflect a subset of the variance captured by FC.
DOI: 10.15154/1524240
title: Dissociable oscillatory theta signatures of memory formation in the developing brain
DOI: 10.15154/1524243
title: Executive functions and impulsivity as transdiagnostic correlates of psychopathology in childhood: A behavioral genetic analysis
DOI: 10.15154/1524254
title: Cross-cohort replicability and generalizability of connectivity-based psychometric prediction patterns
DOI: 10.15154/1524257
title: Resilience to Adversity in Children Living in Perceived Unsafe Neighborhoods
DOI: 10.15154/1524269
title: Adolescent Verbal Memory as a Psychosis Endophenotype: a Genome-wide Association Study in an Ancestrally Diverse Sample

description: Verbal memory impairment is one of the most prominent cognitive deficits in psychosis. However, few studies have investigated the genetic basis of verbal memory in a neurodevelopmental context, and most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted in European-ancestry populations. We conducted a GWAS on verbal memory in a maximum 11,017 participants aged 8.9 to 11.1 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, recruited from a diverse population in the United States. Verbal memory was assessed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, which included three measures of verbal memory: immediate recall, short-delay recall, and long-delay recall. We adopted a mixed-model approach to perform a joint GWAS of all participants, adjusting for ancestral background and familial relatedness. The inclusion of participants from all ancestries increased the power of the GWAS. Two novel genome-wide significant associations were found for short-delay and long-delay recall verbal memory. In particular, one locus (rs9896243) associated with long-delay recall was mapped to the NSF (N-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor, Vesicle Fusing ATPase) gene, indicating the role of membrane fusion in adolescent verbal memory. Based on the GWAS in the European subset, we estimated the SNP-heritability to be 15% to 29% for the three verbal memory traits. We found that verbal memory was genetically correlated with schizophrenia, providing further evidence supporting verbal memory as an endophenotype for psychosis.
DOI: 10.15154/1524273
title: Associations Between Neighborhood Disadvantage, Resting-State Functional Connectivity, and Behavior in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study: The Moderating Role of Positive Family and School Environments
DOI: 10.15154/1524274
title: Similar but distinct - Effects of different socioeconomic indicators on resting state functional connectivity: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®
DOI: 10.15154/1524278
title: Distinct Regionalization Patterns of Cortical Morphology are Associated with Cognitive Performance Across Different Domains
DOI: 10.15154/1524287
title: Cross-ethnicity/race generalization failure of behavioral prediction from resting-state functional connectivity
DOI: 10.15154/1524291
title: The association of outdoor ambient fine particulate matter with intracellular white matter microstructural properties among children in a cross-sectional study
DOI: 10.15154/1524297
title: Ultrahigh field in vivo characterization of microstructural abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala in autism.
DOI: 10.15154/1524313
title: "I Don't Understand": Who Is Missed When We Ask Early Adolescents, "Are You Transgender"?
DOI: 10.15154/1524418
title: Imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior subtypes in autism spectrum disorder exhibit different neural circuitry
DOI: 10.15154/1524452
title: White matter microstructure shows sex differences in late childhood: Evidence from 6,797 children
DOI: 10.15154/1524460
title: Learning Clique Subgraphs in Structural Brain Network Classification with Application to Crystallized Cognition
DOI: 10.15154/1524469
title: Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: a cross-sectional multi-cohort study in the general population
DOI: 10.15154/1524522
title: Resilience to COVID-19: Socioeconomic disadvantage associated with positive caregiver-youth communication and youth preventative actions
DOI: 10.15154/1524523
title: Morphometry of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex is associated with eating dispositions in early adolescence: findings from a large population-based study
DOI: 10.15154/1524525
title: Morphology of the prefrontal cortex predicts body composition in early adolescence: cognitive mediators and environmental moderators in the ABCD Study
DOI: 10.15154/1524631
title: Parental psychological problems were associated with higher screen time and the use of mature-rated media in children
DOI: 10.15154/1524643
title: Persistent and Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study Data
DOI: 10.15154/1524660
title: Associations between prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes and child adiposity markers and mediating effects of brain structure
DOI: 10.15154/1524675
title: Diminished returns in the ABCD data
DOI: 10.15154/1524679
title: Computational modeling of the N-Back task in the ABCD study: associations of drift diffusion model parameters to polygenic scores of mental disorders and cardiometabolic diseases
DOI: 10.15154/1524680
title: Combining selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy in youth with depression and anxiety
DOI: 10.15154/1524694
title: Companion Animals and Adolescent Stress and Adaptive Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic
DOI: 10.15154/1524701
title: What next? A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Re-Examination of Treatments for Adolescents with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Resistant Depression
DOI: 10.15154/1524713
title: ASD modelling in organoids reveals imbalance of excitatory cortical neuron subtypes during early neurogenesis
DOI: 10.15154/1524720
title: A Midsagittal-View Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Growth and Involution of the Adenoid Mass and Related Changes in Selected Velopharyngeal Structures
DOI: 10.15154/1524727
title: Parsing Heterogeneity in Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
DOI: 10.15154/1524729
title: Multivariate genome-wide association study on tissue-sensitive diffusion metrics highlights pathways that shape the human brain
DOI: 10.15154/1526342
title: Stability of polygenic scores across discovery genome-wide association studies
DOI: 10.15154/1526344
title: Prenatal caffeine exposure: association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 9- to 11-year-old children
DOI: 10.15154/1526352
title: Psychological Resilience and Neurodegenerative Risk: A Connectomics-Transcriptomics Investigation in Healthy Adolescent and Middle-Aged Females
DOI: 10.15154/1461673
title: 21st Year

description: 21st year
DOI: 10.15154/1504147
title: Movie twist

description: The experiments consists of watching a ~60 minute version of  a movie (The Sixth Sense, 1998). This movie has a dramatic twist at the end that changes the interpretation of some of the movie scenes. In the second run, participants were asked to recall scenes from the movie outload in the scanner. In this cued recall paradigms a short video clip from the beginning of each scene was presented and participants were asked to talk about what happened after the clip in the movie. Sixty three (in 3 groups of N=21) participants completed the task. The first group (condition=1) watched the movie spoiled (a text on the screen spoiled the movie) , with the twist at the end. The second group (condition=2) watched the movie intact, with the twist at the end. The third group (condition=3) watched the movie without the ending scene (twist). Information about the condition assignment exists in the demographics file.
DOI: 10.15154/1504606
title: No evidence for a bilingual executive function advantage in the ABCD study.

description: Learning a second language in childhood is inherently advantageous for communication. However, parents, educators and scientists have been interested in determining whether there are additional cognitive advantages. One of the most exciting yet controversial1 findings about bilinguals is a reported advantage for executive function. That is, several studies suggest that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals on tasks assessing cognitive abilities that are central to the voluntary control of thoughts and behaviours-the so-called 'executive functions' (for example, attention, inhibitory control, task switching and resolving conflict). Although a number of small- and large-sample studies have reported a bilingual executive function advantage (see refs. for a review), there have been several failures to replicate these findings, and recent meta-analyses have called into question the reliability of the original empirical claims. Here we show, in a very large, demographically representative sample (n = 4,524) of 9- to 10-year-olds across the United States, that there is little evidence for a bilingual advantage for inhibitory control, attention and task switching, or cognitive flexibility, which are key aspects of executive function. We also replicate previously reported disadvantages in English vocabulary in bilinguals. However, these English vocabulary differences are substantially mitigated when we account for individual differences in socioeconomic status or intelligence. In summary, notwithstanding the inherently positive benefits of learning a second language in childhood, we found little evidence that it engenders additional benefits to executive function development.
DOI: 10.15154/1506135
title: Temporal and state abstractions for efficient learning, transfer and composition in humans

description: Humans can easily use prior knowledge to solve novel tasks, but how they do so is not well understood. Recent work showed that humans create simple one-step policies that they can transfer to new contexts by inferring context clusters. However, the daily tasks humans face are often temporally extended, and demand more complex, hierarchically structured skills. The hierarchical reinforcement learning options framework provides a theoretical framework for representing such transferrable skills. Options are abstract multi-step policies, assembled from simple actions or other options, that can represent meaningful reusable skills. We developed a novel sequential decision making protocol to test if humans learn and transfer multi-step options. IN a series of four experiments, we found transfer effects at multiple levels of policy abstraction that could not be explained by flat reinforcement learning models or hierarchical models lacking temporal abstraction. We devised a new quantitative model that blends temporal and state abstraction features. Our model captures the transfer effects observed in human participants. Our results provide evidence that humans create options, compose options, and use options to explore in novel contexts, consequently transferring past knowledge and speeding up learning.
DOI: 10.15154/1519065
title: Psychotic-Like Experiences Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Brain Volumes in Youth

description: Background: Sleep disturbance is characteristic of schizophrenia and at-risk populations, suggesting a possible etiological role in psychosis. Biological mechanisms underlying associations between sleep and psychosis vulnerability are unclear, although reduced sleep-regulatory brain structure volumes are a proposed contributor. This study is the first to examine relationships between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs; subclinical symptoms reflecting psychosis vulnerability/risk), sleep, and brain volumes in youth.
Methods: Brain volumes of five sleep-related structures were examined in relation to PLEs and difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) in 9,260 9- to 11-year-olds participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Analytic models examined relationships between DIMS, PLEs, and brain volumes, as well as DIMS as a mediator of brain volume–PLEs relationships. Although sleep regulation structures (i.e., thalamus, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus) were of primary interest, other potentially relevant structures to sleep-related functioning and psychosis (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala) were also examined.
Results: PLEs were associated with increased DIMS as well as reduced volume in some, but not all, brain structures, including the thalamus and basal forebrain in children. DIMS was also associated with reduced left thalamus volume in youth. Increased DIMS partially, statistically mediated the relationship between left thalamic volume and PLEs, although the effect was relatively small.
Conclusions: Results highlight left thalamic volume as a potential neural mechanism underlying sleep disturbances and PLEs in childhood. Future studies should assess causal relationships between sleep, PLEs, and brain structure across adolescent development, interactions with other psychosis risk factors, and the role of sleep interventions in prevention of psychosis and a range of psychiatric conditions across the lifespan.
DOI: 10.15154/1519067
title: Design issues and solutions for stop-signal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study

description: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is an unprecedented longitudinal neuroimaging sample that tracks the brain development of over 10,000 9-10 year olds through adolescence(1). At the core of this study are the three tasks that are completed repeatedly within the fMRI scanner, one of which is the stop-signal task. Laudably, the materials and data from this study are being made openly available to the community. However, in analyzing the available experimental code and data for the stop-signal task, we identified a set of design issues that we believe significantly limit its value. These issues include but are not limited to: variable stimulus durations that violate basic assumptions of dominant stopping models, trials in which stimuli are incorrectly not presented, and degenerate stop-signal delays. We present eight issues, show their effect on the existing ABCD data, suggest prospective solutions to the study organizers including task changes for future data collection, and suggest retrospective solutions for data users who wish to make the most of the existing data.
DOI: 10.15154/1519195
title: Grey matter volume, psychotic disorders, and heredity of alcohol misuse: Reconceptualization through B-SNIP Biotypes.

description: Background. Co-morbidity of psychotic disorders and alcohol misuse has significant consequences for diagnosis and treatment, and yet, this topic remains incompletely understood. Further examination of the intersection of predilection by way of family history and critical brain networks has the potential to increase understanding. In the current paper, neuroanatomical MRI data were used to further understand the biomarker of total and regional grey matter volume (GMV) in relation to the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) Biotypes and their interaction with family history of alcohol misuse (FH-AUD). Methods. FH-AUD, Biotype, and demographic variables were used in hierarchical regression analyses to predict total GMV and GM values in the central executive and default mode network regions in psychosis probands (n = 347) and their first-degree relatives (n = 346) separately. Results. Effects of FH-AUD and its interaction with Biotype level were specifically observed in one brain region relevant to cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions. Results reveal the relevance of a positive family history of alcohol misuse to the clinical status of persons diagnosed with psychotic disorder, particularly as related to a cognitive brain network, and point to the need for more research on the mechanisms of interaction and implications for risk and vulnerability to symptoms of severe psychopathology.
DOI: 10.15154/1519196
title: Criterion Validity and Relationships between Alternative Hierarchical  Dimensional Models of General and Specific Psychopathology

description: Psychopathology can be viewed as a hierarchy of correlated dimensions. Many studies have supported this conceptualization, but they have used alternative statistical models with differing interpretations. In bifactor models, every symptom loads on both the general factor and one specific factor (e.g., internalizing), which partitions the total explained variance in each symptom between these orthogonal factors. In second-order models, symptoms load on one of several correlated lower-order factors. These lower-order factors load on a second-order general factor, which is defined by the variance shared by the lower-order factors. Thus, the factors in second-order models are not orthogonal. Choosing between these valid statistical models depends on the hypothesis being tested. Because bifactor models define orthogonal phenotypes with distinct sources of variance, they are optimal for studies of shared and unique associations of the dimensions of psychopathology with external variables putatively relevant to etiology and mechanisms. Concerns have been raised, however, about the reliability of the orthogonal specific factors in bifactor models. We evaluated this concern using parent symptom ratings of 9-10 year olds in the ABCD Study. Psychometric indices indicated that all factors in both bifactor and second-order models exhibited at least adequate construct reliability and estimated replicability. The factors defined in bifactor and second-order models were highly to moderately correlated across models, but have different interpretations. All factors in both models demonstrated significant associations with external criterion variables of theoretical and clinical importance, but the interpretation of such associations in second-order models was ambiguous due to shared variance among factors.
DOI: 10.15154/1519200
title: Direct and Indirect Associations of Widespread Individual Differences in Brain White Matter Microstructure with Executive Functioning and General and Specific Dimensions of Psychopathology in Children

description: Background: Executive functions (EF) are centrally important because they are broadly associated with risk for psychopathology and substance abuse. Because EF has been linked to white matter microstructure, we tested the prediction that fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in white matter tracts are associated with EF and both general and specific dimensions of psychopathology in children younger than the age of widespread psychoactive substance use.
Method: Parent symptom ratings, EF test scores, and diffusion tensor parameters were obtained from 9,500 9-10 year olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
Results: A latent factor derived from EF test scores was significantly associated with all general and specific factors of psychopathology defined in a bifactor model. Furthermore, latent EF was associated with MD in 16 of 17 bilateral white matter tracts (range: β = -0.05; SE = 0.02; - β = -0.23; SE = 0.05) and FA in eight tracts. There were no direct associations of psychopathology with FA or MD in any tract, but there were significant indirect associations via EF of FA in multiple association and projection fibers and MD in all tracts except the forceps minor with both specific conduct problems and attention-deficit hyperactivity problems (ADHD) (range: β = 0.01; SE = 0.01; through β = 0.08; SE = 0.02).
Conclusions: EF in children is inversely associated with indices of white matter microstructural integrity throughout the brain and the variance in white matter microstructure shared with EF is significantly associated with ADHD and conduct problems.
DOI: 10.15154/1519264
title: Association of Gray Matter Volumes with General and Specific Dimensions of Psychopathology in Children

description: Childhood is an important time for the manifestation of psychopathology. Psychopathology is characterized by considerable comorbidity which is mirrored in the underlying neural correlates of psychopathology. Both common and dissociable variations in brain volume have been found across multiple mental disorders in adult and youth samples. However, the majority of these studies used samples with broad age ranges which may obscure developmental differences. The current study examines associations between regional gray matter volumes (GMV) and psychopathology in a large sample of children with a narrowly defined age range. We used data from 9607 children 9–10 years of age collected as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study). A bifactor model identified a general psychopathology factor that reflects common variance across disorders and specific factors representing internalizing symptoms, ADHD symptoms, and conduct problems. Brain volume was acquired using 3T MRI. After correction for multiple testing, structural equation modeling revealed nearly global inverse associations between regional GMVs and general psychopathology and conduct problems, with associations also found for ADHD symptoms
(p fdr-values ≤ 0.048). Age, sex, and race were included as covariates. Sensitivity analyses including total GMV or intracranial volume (ICV) as covariates support this global association, as a large majority of region-specific results became nonsignificant. Sensitivity analyses including income, parental education, and medication use as additional covariates demonstrate largely convergent results. These findings suggest that globally smaller GMVs are a nonspecific risk factor for general psychopathology, and possibly for conduct problems and ADHD as well.