cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qj8t3
title: Data from: The making of winners (and losers): how early dominance interactions determine adult social structure in a clonal fish

description: Across a wide range of animal taxa, winners of previous fights are more
 likely to keep winning future contests, just as losers are more likely to
 keep losing. At present, such winner and loser effects are considered to
 be fairly transient. However, repeated experiences with winning and/or
 losing might increase the persistence of these effects generating
 long-lasting consequences for social structure. To test this, we exposed
 genetically identical individuals of a clonal fish, the Amazon molly
 (Poecilia formosa), to repeated winning and/or losing dominance
 interactions during the first two months of their life. We subsequently
 investigated whether these experiences affected the fish’s ability to
 achieve dominance in a hierarchy five months later during adulthood.
 Individuals that had only winning interactions early in life consistently
 ranked at the top of the hierarchy. Interestingly, individuals with only
 losing experience tended to achieve the middle dominance rank, whereas
 individuals with both winning and losing experiences generally ended up at
 the bottom of the hierarchy. In addition to demonstrating that early
 social interactions can have dramatic and long-lasting consequences for
 adult social behaviour and social structure, our work also shows that
 higher cumulative winning experience early in life can counter-intuitively
 give rise to lower social rank later in life.
description: Laskowski et al
 dominance clonal fish_Aggression in triadsThe complete aggression
 data from which we estimated each individual's Average Dominance
 Index (ADI).Laskowski et al dominance
 clonal fish_DATA DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6qq65
title: Data from: A novel method of comparing mating success and survival reveals similar sexual and viability selection for mobility traits in female tree crickets.

description: The relationship between sexual and viability selection in females is
 necessarily different than that in males, as investment in sexual traits
 potentially comes at the expense of both fecundity and survival.
 Accordingly, females do not usually invest in sexually-selected traits.
 However direct benefits obtained from mating, such as nuptial gifts, may
 encourage competition among females and subsidize investment into
 sexually-selected traits. We compared sexual and viability selection on
 female tree crickets Oecanthus nigricornis, a species where females mate
 frequently to obtain nuptial gifts and sexual selection on females is
 likely. If male choice determines female mating success in this species,
 we expect sexual selection for fecundity traits, as males of many species
 prefer more fecund females. Alternatively, intrasexual scramble or combat
 competition on females may select for larger jumping legs or wider heads
 (respectively). We estimated mating success using microsatellite analysis
 of stored sperm, and estimated relative viability by comparing surviving
 female O. nigricornis to those captured by a common wasp predator. In
 support of the scramble competition hypothesis, we found sexual selection
 for females with larger hind legs and narrower heads. We also found
 stabilizing viability selection for intermediate head width and hind leg
 size. As predicted, traits under viability and sexual selection were very
 similar, and the direction of that selection was not opposing. However,
 since the shape of sexual and viability selection differs, these episodes
 of selection may favour different trait sizes.
description: Cricket measurements and
 microsatellite dataSheet 1 contains
 morphometric and fitness data on all wild-caught crickets used in
 selection analyses. Sheet 2 contains the results of genotyping lab-reared
 crickets after mating them to a known number of males.For
 dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1cv0n
title: Data from: Relating fitness to long-term environmental variations in natura

description: Quantifying links between ecological processes and adaptation dynamics in
 natura remains a crucial challenge. Many studies have documented the
 strength, form and direction of selection, and its variations in space and
 time, but only a few managed to link these variations to their proximal
 causes. This step is, however, crucial, if we are to understand how the
 variation in selective pressure affects adaptive allele dynamics in
 natural settings. We used data from a long-term survey (about 30 years)
 monitoring the adaptation to insecticides of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in
 Montpellier area (France), focusing on three resistance alleles of the
 Ester locus. We used a population genetics model taking temporal and
 spatial variations in selective pressure into account, to assess the
 quantitative relationships between variations in the proximal agent of
 selection (amounts of insecticide sprayed) and the fitness of resistance
 alleles. The response to variations in selective pressure was fast, and
 the alleles displayed different fitness-to-environment relationships: the
 analyses revealed that even slight changes in insecticide doses could
 induce changes in the strength and direction of selection, thus changing
 the fitness ranking of the adaptive alleles. They also revealed that
 selective pressures other than the insecticides used for mosquito control
 affected the resistance allele dynamics. These fitness-to-environment
 relationships, fast responses and continuous evolution limit our ability
 to predict the outcome of adaptive allele dynamics in a changing
 environment, but they clearly contribute to the maintenance of
 polymorphism in natural populations. Our study also emphasizes the
 necessity of long-term surveys in evolutionary ecology.
description: Phenotypic
 dataPhenotypic data at the
 Ester resistance to insecticide locus in the Cx pipiens mosquito from the
 Montpellier (south of France) over the 1986-2012 period. Site is the
 location of the sampled population, Km is the distance in kilometers
 between the population and the Mediteranean Sea, n the number of
 individuals phenotyped in each sampled population a given year and [i] the
 number of individuals presenting phenotype i.Insecticide quantity
 dataThe total amount of
 organophosphate insecticides applied (T) each year by the local agency for
 mosquito control in the treated area are presented. From 1986 to 1989,
 treatment applications (i.e., the size of the treated area and the amounts
 used) did not differ significantly from those in 1990. We therefore
 attributed the same amount of OPs to the years for which this information
 was missing (italics).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4v2s0
title: Data from: Using functional responses to quantify interaction effects among predators

description: 1. Predator diversity alterations have been observed in most ecosystems as
 a result of the loss and/ or addition of species. This has implications
 for predator-prey dynamics as non-trophic interactions among predators, so
 called multiple predator effects (MPE), are known to influence predation
 success. In addition, there is often a density-dependant relationship
 between prey availability and prey consumption (functional response).
 While MPE investigations are common in the literature, functional
 responses have rarely been incorporated into this field of predation
 ecology. 2. Here, we outline an experimental procedure that incorporates
 functional responses into multiple predator effect studies. Using three
 fish species with different functional traits as model predators (bluegill
 Lepomis macrochirus, southern mouthbrooder Pseudocrenilabrus philander and
 banded tilapia Tilapia sparrmanii), we assess intra- and inter-specific
 predator interaction outcomes on predator-prey dynamics. This was done by
 contrasting observed functional responses of heterospecific and
 conspecific combinations of predators with expected responses based on
 those of individual predators. 3. Multi-predator combinations produced
 variable results. Bluegill were the only species in which observed
 conspecific multi-predator functional responses matched those of expected
 based on individual performance (prey risk neutral effects). In contrast,
 prey risk reduction was observed for both mouthbrooder and tilapia
 conspecific multi-predator trials. Heterospecific combinations revealed
 strong prey risk reduction effects for mouthbrooder-tilapia and
 bluegill-tilapia trials, while mouthbrooder- bluegill multi-predator
 functional responses combined additively. These results are discussed
 within the context of behavioural traits of the species and the
 development of a trait-based predictive framework. 4. Using a functional
 response approach allowed for the assessment of multiple predator effects
 across a range of prey densities. We propose that the incorporation of
 within-guild predator combinations into classic functional response
 investigations will enhance predictive capacity development in competition
 and predation ecology.
description: Functional Response and
 Behavioural raw dataSheet 1 presents all the
 raw functional response data for each of the 3 species as well as each of
 the 3 multi-species combinations. Each row represents a feeding trial and
 includes the number of prey supplied and eaten during the trial and the
 number of prey alive at the end of the trial. Sheet 2 presents raw data
 from the behavioural experiment. In this regard, for each multi-predator
 combination, counts of each behavioural category are presented, along with
 the descriptions of each category.Data for
 repository.xlsx
DOI: 10.25430/researchdata.cab.unipd.it.00001746
title: Combining Micropatterning and Microfluidic Gradient Generation to Study Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Effects in Neuroblastoma

description: Manuscript and all raw data (images, protocols, quantifications etc)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4328
title: Data from: Decomposing variation in male reproductive success: age-specific variances and covariances through extra-pair and within-pair reproduction

description: 1. Age-specific variances and covariances in reproductive success shape
 the total variance in lifetime reproductive success (LRS), age-specific
 opportunities for selection, and population demographic variance and
 effective size. Age-specific (co)variances in reproductive success
 achieved through different reproductive routes must therefore be
 quantified to predict population, phenotypic and evolutionary dynamics in
 age-structured populations. 2. While numerous studies have quantified
 age-specific variation in mean reproductive success, age-specific
 variances and covariances in reproductive success, and the contributions
 of different reproductive routes to these (co)variances, have not been
 comprehensively quantified in natural populations. 3. We applied
 ‘additive’ and ‘independent’ methods of variance decomposition to complete
 data describing apparent (social) and realised (genetic) age-specific
 reproductive success across 11 cohorts of socially monogamous but
 genetically polygynandrous song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). We thereby
 quantified age-specific (co)variances in male within-pair and extra-pair
 reproductive success (WPRS and EPRS) and the contributions of these
 (co)variances to the total variances in age-specific reproductive success
 and LRS. 4. ‘Additive’ decomposition showed that within-age and among-age
 (co)variances in WPRS across males aged 2–4 years contributed most to the
 total variance in LRS. Age-specific (co)variances in EPRS contributed
 relatively little. However, extra-pair reproduction altered age-specific
 variances in reproductive success relative to the social mating system,
 and hence altered the relative contributions of age-specific reproductive
 success to the total variance in LRS. 5. ‘Independent’ decomposition
 showed that the (co)variances in age-specific WPRS, EPRS and total
 reproductive success, and the resulting opportunities for selection,
 varied substantially across males that survived to each age. Furthermore,
 extra-pair reproduction increased the variance in age-specific
 reproductive success relative to the social mating system to a degree that
 increased across successive age classes. 6. This comprehensive
 decomposition of the total variances in age-specific reproductive success
 and LRS into age-specific (co)variances attributable to two reproductive
 routes showed that within-age and among-age covariances contributed
 substantially to the total variance and that extra-pair reproduction can
 alter the (co)variance structure of age-specific reproductive success.
 Such covariances and impacts should consequently be integrated into
 theoretical assessments of demographic and evolutionary processes in
 age-structured populations.
description: Lebigre_et_al_JAE_Data_AdditiveMethodLebigre_et_al_JAE_Data_IndependentMethod
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nm4bn
title: Data from: Genetic variation and population structure in the endangered Hermann’s tortoise: the roles of geography and human-mediated processes

description: The Hermanni’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni) is an endangered land tortoise
 distributed in disjoint populations across Mediterranean Europe. We
 investigated its genetic variation by typing one mitochondrial locus and
 nine nuclear microsatellites in approximately 300 individuals from 22
 localities. Our goal was to understand the relative impact of natural and
 human-mediated processes in shaping the genetic structure, and to identify
 the genetic priorities for the conservation of this species. We found that
 i) all geographic areas are highly differentiated, mainly as a function of
 their distance but with a clear genetic discontinuity (Fst values larger
 than 0.4) between the Eastern and the Western subspecies; ii) the contact
 zone between subspecies is located farthest to the west than previously
 believed, and it probably coincides with the delta of the largest Italian
 river; iii) extinction events due to climatic conditions in the Upper
 Palaeolithic and subsequent human-mediated translocations in the Neolithic
 possibly explain the unexpected similarity among Spain, Sicily and
 Corsica. For conservation purposes, the large majority of genetic pools
 appears autochthonous, although hybridization among subspecies, related to
 extensive 20th century trade of tortoises across Europe, is observed in
 Spain and some Italian samples. Most populations do not seem at immediate
 risk of low genetic variation, except the French population, which has
 very low nuclear genetic diversity (heterozygosity = 0.25) and where 50
 out of 51 sampled animals shared the same mitochondrial sequence. In
 general, restocking and reintroduction plans should carefully consider the
 genetic background of the individuals.
description: Microsatellite data of
 European tortoises, Testudo hermanniThis file contains
 microsatellite data of Testudo hermanni in Europe.Testudo hermanni in Europe
 (microsatellite data).txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bh6m53s
title: Data from: Early singers attend to conspecific but not heterospecific behavioural cues at dawn

description: During the dawn chorus songbirds initiate singing activities just prior to
 sunrise. Environmental factors affect the timing of the dawn chorus, but
 relatively little is known about how behavioural cues influence chorus
 timing. We assessed whether early playback of conspecific and
 heterospecific song influenced chorus start times in two early-singing
 temperate species, hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) and veery (C.
 fuscescens). We used arrays of GPS time-synchronized recorders to record
 the dawn chorus at 30 locations. In each location, thirty minutes prior to
 natural chorus initiation, we broadcast: (1) an early singing species
 (hermit thrush or veery), (2) a late singing species (black-throated green
 warbler or Nashville warbler), (3) a noise control, and (4) also recorded
 without playback (silent control). Playback treatments were separated by
 two-three days at each location. Both hermit thrush and veery sang
 significantly earlier in response to conspecific playback compared to
 noise or silent controls. Both species also sang earlier in response to
 conspecific playback compared to the day before or the day after playback.
 Neither species sang earlier in response to heterospecific playback
 (regardless of whether the broadcast species was a naturally early or late
 song initiator) compared to noise or silent controls. Our results support
 the theory that the dawn chorus is a communication network where
 individuals attend primarily to conspecific cues; heterospecific song
 appears to have minimal impacts on the chorus start times of the two
 early-singing species we investigated.
description: Data for
 JAV-01749Start time of hermit
 thrush and veery in response to different playback and control
 conditionsJAV-01749_R1_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cj64
title: Data from: Correct calculation of CO2 efflux using a closed-chamber linked to a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer

description: 1. Improved understanding of the carbon (C) cycle is essential to model
 future climates and how this may feedback to affect greenhouse-gas fluxes.
 2 .We summarize previous work quantifying respiration rates of organic
 substrates and briefly discuss how advances in technology, specifically
 the use of chambers linked to a non-dispersive infra-red gas analyzer
 (NDIR), can be applied to assess carbon dynamics from short-term field
 measurements. This technology hastens measurement and is relatively
 inexpensive, enabling researchers to increase replication and investigate
 temporal and spatial variation. 3. We describe the theory behind
 calculations of CO2 efflux released through organic substrates, when using
 a closed-chamber linked to a NDIR. These methods can in principle be
 extended to any chamber-based measurement of gas fluxes, including
 partially closed chambers as used for soil surface CO2, nitrous oxide or
 methane effluxes and stem CO2 respiration, although additional assumptions
 may apply. 4. We show that incorrect application of formulae in some
 earlier studies resulted in either under- or over-estimation of CO2
 effluxes. Of the studies we reviewed measuring the respiration of woody
 debris, leaf-litter, or woody stems using closed chambers linked to a
 NDIR, only 22% (11 of 51) provided the equations used to calculate CO2
 efflux, and 72% (8 of 11) of those provided contained basic errors. Using
 our data on the decomposition of woody debris as an example, we found that
 such mistakes resulted in anywhere from 8% underestimation to 22%
 overestimation of CO2 efflux. The errors varied among studies and hence
 may limit understanding of the factors affecting emissions of CO2 and our
 ability to incorporate this knowledge into global carbon models. 5. We
 provide formulae for the correct calculation of respiration rates in
 future studies using closed-chambers and thus provide a basis for
 comparative studies of factors affecting CO2 efflux from woody debris,
 leaf litter and other substrates. Ultimately this will contribute to
 improved parameterization of forest respiration.
description: Case study LICOR
 dataWD7468 file represents
 the respiration data obtained while measuring CO2 from the wood debris
 (WD) using LICOR 820. This file was used to get the slope called deltaCO2
 which is named "k" in the R script provided in the supplementary
 information.WD7468.txtWD7468_measurementWD7468_measurement is the .csv file used to plot the figure FigS1 in the supplementary.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cc8834s
title: Data from: Drought intensification drives turnover of structure and function in stream invertebrate communities

description: Climatic extremes are becoming more frequent and intense across much of
 the globe, potentially transforming the biodiversity and functioning of
 affected ecosystems. In freshwaters, hydrological extremes such as drought
 can regulate beta diversity, acting as powerful environmental filters to
 dictate the complement of species and functional traits found at local and
 landscape scales. New methods that enable beta diversity and its
 functional equivalent to be partitioned into turnover (replacement of
 species/functions) and nestedness-resultant (gain/loss of
 species/functions) components may offer novel insights into the parallel
 impacts of drought on ecosystem structure and function. Using a series of
 artificial channels (mesocosms) designed to mimic perennial headwater
 streams, we experimentally manipulated streamflows to simulate a gradient
 of drought intensity. We then modelled taxonomic and functional turnover
 and nestedness of macroinvertebrate communities along this gradient,
 validating direct gradient approaches (bootstrapping, Mantel tests)
 against null models of nestedness. Drought intensification produced
 significant environmental distance decay trends (i.e. communities became
 increasingly taxonomically and functionally dissimilar the more
 differentially disturbed by drought they were). Taxonomic distance decay
 was primarily driven by turnover, while the functional trend reflected a
 combination of richness differences and turnover at different points along
 the gradient. Taxonomic and functional distance decay slopes were not
 significantly different, implying that communities were functionally
 vulnerable to drying. The increased frequency and intensity of droughts
 predicted under most climate change scenarios could thus profoundly modify
 not only the structure of running water invertebrate communities, but also
 the ecosystem functions they underpin.
description: Drought
 intensitiesList of drought
 intensity (DI) values for all of the mesocosm channelsPresence-absence
 dataPresence-absence matrix
 listing the macroinvertebrate taxa (columns) recorded in each mesocosm
 channel (rows); 1=present, 0=absentFuzzy coded trait
 dataValues of 49 fuzzy-coded
 macroinvertebrate traits (columns) for the taxa recorded in the mesocosm
 channels (rows)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.54527
title: Data from: Local coexistence and genetic isolation of three pollinator species on the same fig tree species

description: Molecular tools increasingly reveal cryptic lineages and species that were
 previously unnoticed by traditional taxonomy. The discovery of cryptic
 species in sympatry prompts the question of how they coexist in the
 apparent absence of ecological divergence. However, this assumes first
 that the molecular taxonomy used to identify cryptic lineages delimits
 species boundaries accurately. This issue is important, because many
 diversity studies rely heavily or solely on data from mitochondrial DNA
 sequences for species delimitation, and several factors may lead to poor
 identification of species boundaries. We used a multilocus population
 genetics approach to show that three mtDNA-defined cryptic lineages of the
 fig wasp Pleistodontes imperialis Saunders, which pollinate Port Jackson
 figs (Ficus rubiginosa) in north-eastern Australia, represent
 reproductively isolated species. These species coexist locally, with about
 13% of figs (where mating occurs) containing wasps from two or three
 species. However, there was no evidence for gene flow between them.
 Confirmed cases of coexisting cryptic species provide excellent
 opportunities for future studies of the ecological and evolutionary forces
 shaping both species coexistence and fig/pollinator coevolution.
description: microsatellite genotype
 dataMicrosatellite genotype
 data for 139 Pleistodontes imperialis fig wasps collected from Townsville,
 Australia. The dataset consists of allele lengths for 78 P. imperialis sp.
 2 females, 39 P. imperialis sp. 3 females and 22 P. imperialis sp. 4
 females at 8 microsatellite loci.Sutton et al - microsatellite
 genotype data.xlsx