cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.4jldti
title: The Cloudspotting on Mars Citizen Science Project: Seasonal and spatial cloud distributions observed by the Mars Climate Sounder

description: As tracers of the major volatile cycles of Mars — CO2, H2O, and dust — clouds are important for understanding the circulation of the martian atmosphere and hence martian climate. We present the spatial and seasonal distribution of laterally-confined clouds in the middle atmosphere of Mars during one Mars Year as identified in limb radiance measurements by the Mars Climate Sounder. Cloud identifications were made by citizen scientists through the “Cloudspotting on Mars” citizen science project, hosted on the citizen science platform Zooniverse. A method to aggregate the crowdsourced data using a novel clustering algorithm is developed. The derived cloud catalog is presented and the seasonal and spatial distribution of clouds is discussed in terms of key populations.
DOI: 10.5066/p93wmyvh
title: Maryland Water-Use Data, 1998

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. MDWU98 is a point coverage that represents the locations of wells for the State of Maryland that are permitted to withdraw 10,000 gallons or more per day by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). Each site has the permit number, permit amount, reported withdrawal, aquifer code, and type of use. Information contained in the dataset comes from the U.S.Geological Survey site-specific water-use database (SWUDS).
DOI: 10.5066/p9hgj0xu
title: Vulnerability of shallow ground water and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States: Model of predicted nitrate concentration in shallow, recently recharged ground water -- Input data set for cropland/pasture/fallow (gwava-s_crpa)

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set represents the percent of cropland/pasture/fallow land cover in the conterminous United States. The data set was used as an input data layer for a national model to predict nitrate concentration in shallow ground water. Nolan and Hitt (2006) developed two national models to predict contamination of ground water by nonpoint sources of nitrate. The nonlinear approach to national-scale Ground-WAter Vulnerability Assessment (GWAVA) uses components [...]
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lgkk8y
title: Photometric Redshift Estimation for Gamma-Ray Bursts from the Early Universe

description: Future detection of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will be an important tool for studying the early Universe. Fast and accurate redshift estimation for detected GRBs is key for encouraging rapid follow-up observations by ground- and space-based telescopes. Low-redshift dusty interlopers pose the biggest challenge for GRB redshift estimation using broad photometric bands, as their high extinction can mimic a high-redshift GRB. To assess the risk of false alarms of high-redshift GRB photometric measurements, we simulate and fit a variety of GRBs using phozzy, a simulation code developed to estimate GRB photometric redshifts and test the ability to distinguish between high- and low-redshift GRBs when using simultaneous photometric bands. We run the code with the wavelength bands and instrument parameters for the Photo-z Infrared Telescope (PIRT), an instrument designed for the Gamow mission concept. We explore various distributions of host galaxy extinction as a function of redshift, and their effect on the completeness and purity of a high-redshift GRB search with the PIRT. We find that in the most optimal case, the completeness is ∼ 82−88%, and well above 90% for GRBs with 𝑧 &lt; 9. In this case, only ∼ 0.6% of low-redshift GRBs will be mistaken as a high-redshift one, which corresponds to ∼ 0.2 false alarms per year for a mission that detects 100 total GRBs per year.
DOI: 10.5066/p9u3cyfl
title: Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States: STATSGO Soil Characteristics

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set represents estimated soil variables compiled for every catchment of NHDPlus for the conterminous United States. The variables included are cation exchange capacity, percent calcium carbonate, slope, water-table depth, soil thickness, hydrologic soil group, soil erodibility (k-factor), permeability, average water capacity, bulk density, percent organic material, percent clay, percent sand, and percent silt. The source data set is the State [...]
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.axsjyh
title: Regional inversion shows promise in capturing extreme-event-driven CO2 flux anomalies but is limited by atmospheric CO2 observational coverage

description: Extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, with poorly understood implications for carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems. A better understanding will critically depend on accurate and precise quantification of ecosystems responses to these events. Taking the 2019 US Midwest floods as a case study, we investigate current capabilities for tracking regional flux anomalies with ``top-down'' inversion analyses that assimilate atmospheric CO2 observations. For this analysis, we develop a regionally nested version of the NASA Carbon Monitoring System-Flux (CMS-Flux) that allows high resolution atmospheric transport (0.5 x 0.625 degrees) over a North America domain. Relative to a 2018 baseline, we find US Midwest growing season net carbon uptake is reduced by 11-57 TgC (3--16%) for 2019 (inversion mean estimates across experiments). These estimates are found to be consistent with independent ``bottom-up'' estimates of carbon uptake based on vegetation remote sensing. We then investigate current limitations in tracking regional carbon emissions and removals by ecosystems using ``top-down'' methods. In a set of observing system simulation experiments, we show that the ability to recover regional carbon flux anomalies is still limited by observational coverage gaps for both in~situ and satellite observations. Future space-based missions that allow for daily observational coverage across North America would largely mitigate these observational gaps, allowing for improved top-down estimates of ecosystem responses to extreme climate events.
DOI: 10.5066/p9wm25jr
title: A Digital Hydrologic Network Supporting NAWQA MRB SPARROW Modeling--MRB_E2RF1

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. A digital hydrologic network was developed to support SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models within selected regions of the United States. These regions correspond with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Major River Basin (MRB) study units 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 (Preston and others, 2009). MRB2, covers the South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee River basins. MRB3, covers the Great Lakes, [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p9142bm0
title: Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States: Hydrologic Landscape Regions

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set represents the area of Hydrologic Landscape Regions (HLR) compiled for every catchment of NHDPlus for the conterminous United States. The source data set is a 100-meter version of Hydrologic Landscape Regions of the United States (Wolock, 2003). HLR groups watersheds on the basis of similarities in land-surface form, geologic texture, and climate characteristics. The NHDPlus Version 1.1 is an integrated suite of application-ready geospatial [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p92hoqmu
title: Hydrologic landscape regions of Nevada

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. Hydrologic landscape regions group areas according to their similarity in landscape and climate characteristics. These characteristics represent variables assumed to affect hydrologic processes in the environment. Hydrologic landscape regions in Nevada were delineated using geographic information system tools and statistical methods including cluster analysis. The data layers of hydrogeology, precipitation, soil permeability, land surface slope and [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p9pqnfxo
title: Watershed Potential to Contribute Phosphorus from Geologic Materials to Receiving Streams, Conterminous United States

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This spatial data layer is a cell-based Raster model characterizing the contribution of phosphorus (P) to streams from weathering and erosion of surficial geologic materials for the conterminous United States, and has been created as part of the SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes) water-quality model implementation. SPARROW provides estimates of total nitrogen and phosphorus load in surface waters from point and non-point [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p9ycu5xs
title: Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) in the Conterminous United States: Artificial Drainage (1992) and Irrigation Types (1997)

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This tabular dataset represents the estimated area of artificial drainage for the year 1992 and irrigation types for the year 1997 compiled for every catchment of NHDPlus for the conterminous United States. The source datasets were derived from tabular National Resource Inventory (NRI) datasets created by the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1995, 1997). Artificial drainage is defined as subsurface drains [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p9nrdi3t
title: Polygons Representing Drainage Areas Upstream from Potential Streamflow-loss Zones in Lawrence County, SD

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set provides information for evaluation of streamflow loss as mechanism of transport of potential contaminants when assessing sensitivity of ground-water to contamination in Lawrence County, SD. This data set is a result of a larger work (WRIR 00-4103 cited above), which includes a paper plate titled: "Map showing sensitivity of ground-water to contamination in Lawrence County, South Dakota." Thirty drainage basins upstream from outcrops of [...]
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.surpxs
title: Diagonal grousers improve turning performance in skid-steer rovers

description: Skid steering is a popular choice for planetary rover missions due to its simplicity, low cost, and low mass compared to explicit steering systems. Skid steer rovers’ wheels do not turn explicitly; vehicle turning is achieved by driving the left and right wheels at different velocities. To achieve a turn, the wheels must inherently experience a high amount of slip, which can lead to high sinkage. Furthermore, previous work has shown that sinkage can increase in reduced gravity environments. This work focuses on wheel design changes to reduce sinkage for a potential future lunar rover. The rover in question employs skid-steering, and prototype testing revealed significant sinkage during point turns (i.e. turn-in-place maneuvers). This was identified as a major issue since high sinkage leads to increased entrapment risk, decreased ground clearance, and increased power consumption. To investigate risk mitigation opportunities, seven additively manufactured wheels were tested in a single-wheel testbed capable of mimicking skid-steer maneuvers by setting a representative slip angle. To represent lunar gravity performance, the tests followed Granular Scaling Laws (a scaling method employing dimensionless numbers, recently validated against parabolic flight experiments and shown to predict wheel performance in lunar gravity with &lt; 10% error). The seven wheel designs can be summarized as (1) current baseline: rigid 150 mm diameter, 30 mm wide wheel with 27x 8mm grousers, (2) wheel 1 with closed sides, (3) wheel 1 with closed sides and ‘side grousers’, (4) wheel 1 but 200 mm in diameter, (5) wheel 1 but 60 mm wide, (6) wheel 1 with 45 degree angled grousers, and (7) wheel 1 with a rounded profile. The metrics for turning performance evaluation were sinkage and tangent turning force coefficient. It was found that increasing the wheel size (width and/or diameter) had a positive effect on turning performance, but these changes would require mass/volume increases in an already mass/volume constrained application. Diagonal grousers also enhanced turning performance, and do not require mass or volume increases. While some of the other designs decreased sinkage, they had detrimental effects on the tangent turning force coefficient, and required an increase in mass and/or volume. Additional drawbar pull tests revealed that straight-driving performance was not significantly affected by the angled grousers. Next, the diagonal grouser wheel design will be tested on a full four-wheeled rover prototype to confirm these findings and determine if slope-climbing ability and obstacle-climbing ability are negatively impacted by this design.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dkqzfe
title: The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS): Determining Inputs to Planetary Habitability

description: Seventy-five billion low-mass stars in our galaxy host at least one small planet in their habitable zone (HZ). The stellar ultraviolet (UV) radiation received by the planets is strong and highly variable, and has consequences for atmospheric loss, composition, and habitability. These effects are amplified by the extreme proximity of the stellar HZs (0.1- 0.4 AU) in low-mass stars. SPARCS is a NASA-funded mission to characterize the quiescent and flare UV emission from low-mass stars. SPARCS will observe 10 to 20 low-mass stars, over timescales of days, simultaneously in two UV bands: 153-171 nm and 260-300 nm. SPARCS Sun-synchronous terminator orbit allows for long periods of uninterrupted observations, reaching 10s of days for some targets. The payload consists of a 10 cm-class telescope, a dichroic element, UV detectors and associated electronics, a thermal control system, and an on-board processor. The payload is hosted on a Blue Canyon Technologies 6U CubeSat. SPARCS hosts several technology innovations that have broad applicability to other missions. The payload demonstrates the use of "2D-doped" (i.e., delta- and superlattice-doped) detectors and detector-integrated metal dielectric filters in space. This detector technology provides ~5x larger quantum efficiency than NASA's GALEX detectors. In addition, SPARCS' payload processor provides dynamic exposure control, automatically adjusting the exposure time to avoid flare saturation and to time-resolve the strongest stellar flares. A simple passive cooling system maintains the detector temperature under 238K to minimize dark current. The spacecraft bus provides pointing jitter smaller than 6", minimizing the impact of flat-field errors, dark current, and read-noise. All these elements enable competitive astrophysics science within a CubeSat platform. SPARCS is currently in the final design and fabrication phase (Phase C in the NASA context). It will be launched in 2024, for a primary science mission of one year.
DOI: 10.5066/p910sbw4
title: Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 28, 2004: Path 44 Row 31

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This subset of a Landsat-5 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-5 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-5 on March [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p93ban0j
title: Channel centerline for the Nehalem River, Oregon in 2005

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. The Tillamook Bay subbasins and Nehalem River basins encompass 1,369 and 2,207 respective square kilometers of northwestern Oregon and drain to the Pacific Ocean. The Tillamook, Trask, Wilson, Kilchis, and Miami Rivers flow into Tillamook Bay near the towns of Tillamook and Garibaldi. The Wilson and Trask River basins cover the largest areas (500 and 451 square kilometers, respectively) whereas the Tillamook and Kilchis Rivers encompass similar sized [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p98m2bbi
title: Digital Polygon Model Grid of the Hydrogeologic Framework of Bedrock Units for a Simulation of Groundwater Flow for the Lake Michigan Basin

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. The hydrogeologic framework for the Lake Michigan Basin model was developed by grouping the bedrock geology of the study area into hydrogeologic units on the basis of the functioning of each unit as an aquifer or confining layer within the basin. Available data were evaluated based on the areal extent of coverage within the study area, and procedures were established to characterize areas with sparse data coverage. Top and bottom altitudes for each [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p96kngmq
title: Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for November 8, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This image is a mosaic of Landsat-5 images of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-5 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-5 on March [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p99xt45j
title: Pecos River Basin alluvial aquifer

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set represents the extent of the Pecos River Basin alluvial aquifer in New Mexico, and Texas.
DOI: 10.5066/p9tuy4as
title: Aerial photo mosaic of Hunter Creek, Oregon in 1940

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. Hunter Creek is an unregulated system that drains 115 square kilometers of southwestern Oregon before flowing into the Pacific Ocean south of the town of Gold Beach, Oregon. In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a reconnaissance-level assessment of channel condition and bed-material transport relevant to the permitting of in-stream gravel extraction in the lower 12.4 kilometers Hunter Creek. To support [...]
DOI: 10.5066/p9u23a9u
title: Ozark Plateaus aquifer system

description: These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set represents the extent of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system in the states of Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Illinois.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.jlgdjd
title: ESA Ground Infrastructure for the NASA JPL PSYCHE Deep-Space Optical Communication Demonstration

description: The demonstration of interoperability of the deep-space optical ground infrastructures of the two space agencies, NASA and ESA, will reinforce optical communication for the use case of fast deep-space data return. The operational experience gained by this joint demonstration will enable future mission designers to efficiently trade the option of using optical communication as data-return vehicle for upcoming deep-space missions. ESA is investigating potential mission scenarios at Mars for which this technology demonstration and validation is considered essential. In this paper ESA's ground infrastructure for optical data return from the Psyche mission is outlined. The deep-space mission to the asteroid Psyche will host a technology demonstration payload, the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) system, developed by NASA. The mission’s objective is to investigate the asteroid and its unique metallic surface. In addition to its primary objective, the mission will demonstrate an optical communication link between the spacecraft and earth with a separation of up to 2.5 AU. Here we provide link budget calculations for the data up- and the data downlink. Optical communication has the potential to deliver 10- to 100 times higher data rate compared to radio frequency, at lower size, weight and power consumption.