cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ffbg79cvt
title: Moose habitat selection under the landscape of predation risk

description: Landscape of fear refers to the spatial variation in prey perception of
 predation risk, that under certain conditions, may lead to changes in
 their behavior. Behavioral responses of prey in relation to large
 carnivore predation risk have mainly been conducted in areas with low
 anthropogenic impact. We used long-term data on the distribution of moose
 in different habitat types in a system characterized by intensive
 management of all three trophic levels (silviculture, harvest of wolves
 and moose) to study effects on moose habitat selection resulting from the
 return of an apex predator, the wolf. We assumed that coursing predators
 such as wolves will cause an increased risk for moose in some habitat
 types and tested the hypotheses that moose will avoid open or young forest
 habitats following wolf establishment. After wolf recolonization, moose
 reduced their use of one type of open habitat (bog) but there was neither
 change in the use of the other open habitat type (clear-cut), nor in their
 use of young forest. Wolf establishment did not influence the use of
 habitat close to dense habitat when being in open habitats. Thus, the
 effect of wolves varied among habitat types and there was no
 unidirectional support for a behavioral effect of wolves’ establishment on
 moose habitat use. Human-driven habitat heterogeneity, concentration of
 moose forage to certain habitat types, and the effects of a multiple
 predator guild on moose may all contribute to the results found. We
 conclude that the landscape of fear is likely to have weak ecological
 effects on moose in this system.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkm1w
title: Drivers of intraspecific differentiation of the alpine cold tolerant herb Notopterygium oviforme: the roles of isolation by distance and ecological factors

description: Determining the driver mechanisms of phenotypic and genetic divergence of
 species have long been the central topic in evolutionary biology. However,
 the relative roles of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment factors
 in contributing to species divergence is largely undetermined in perennial
 herbs in East Asia. In this study, we collected population genetic samples
 of a cold-tolerant perennial herb Notopterygium oviforme in central China.
 We integrated the population transcriptomes, whole chloroplast genomes,
 genotyping-by-sequencing, microsatellite markers and ecological
 environment factors to determine the relative contributions of geography,
 climatic and soil factors on genetic, chemical and phenotypic trait
 divergence. The clearly genetic distinction was identified between the
 west Qinling (WQ) and east Qinling Mountains (EQ) geographical groups
 within N. oviforme. Interestingly, the two groups have existed the
 obviously niche conservatism, which might have caused the similarity of
 most leaf functional traits. Multiple matrix regression with randomization
 analysis showed that the spatial pattern of intraspecific divergence
 mainly resulted from effect of IBD, not isolation by environment.
 Meanwhile, transcriptomic expression divergence and some ecological
 factors have played the key roles in differentiation of intraspecific
 lineage. Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that both lineages have
 experienced the historically population expansion, and the recent range
 contraction. Molecular dating suggested that the intraspecific divergence
 was closely associated with the dramatically uplifts of the Qinling
 Mountains in East Asia. These results demonstrated that the geography,
 geological and environmental factors together shaped the cryptic
 intraspecific diversification and population dynamics shifts of perennial
 cold tolerant herb.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83kg
title: Secondary sexual trait melanization in black scavenger flies: nutritional plasticity and its evolution

description: The black scavenger fly Sepsis thoracica exhibits polyphenic development
 resulting in alternate small black and large amber male morphs. Although
 the behavior, ecology, and physiology of both morphs are being
 scrutinized, the evolutionary origins of the nutritional polyphenism
 remain poorly understood. I here use a comparative approach to study
 variation in the degree of melanization of the forefemur —a secondary
 sexual trait. Melanization showed nutritional plasticity in all species
 and character mapping suggests polyphenic development to represent the
 ancestral character state that was lost repeatedly. That is, interspecific
 variation among the studied species is mainly caused by the loss and not
 the gain of polyphenic development. Coevolution between male melanization
 and mating system differences further implicates sexual selection in the
 evolution of male melanization. These findings highlight the usefulness of
 comparative and natural history data in shedding new light on the
 evolution of phenotypic variation.
description: All measurements were taken from animals generated by a resource
 manipulation experiment described in Rohner and Blanckenhorn (2018;
 doi:
 10.1086/700096) with the exception of <i>S.
 fulgens</i>, which was reared at a later stage but under identical
 laboratory conditions. In brief, eggs were collected from outbred
 laboratory cultures (200-300 individuals) and haphazardly distributed
 among plastic containers with varying amounts of homogenized cow dung, and
 subsequently incubated all offspring at constant 18°C. Upon adult eclosion
 of all individuals, 30-50 individuals of all sizes per species and sex
 were selected for morphometric measurements. The right
 front legs were removed from the thorax and mounted on a glass slide using
 Euparal and imaged using a Leica DFC490 camera mounted on a Leica MZ12
 microscope. All images were taken in one sitting under standardized light
 conditions and camera settings to keep coloration comparable across
 specimens. Images were then analyzed using the custom
 <i>ImageJ</i> script from Busso and Blanckenhorn (2017; doi:
 10.1111/een.12413). This script first measures the number of pixels of the
 forefemur and then quantifies how many of them fall below a certain
 brightness threshold in the YUV color space. Pixels with a V-value (i.e.
 brightness) higher than 163 were defined as melanic, and the proportion of
 these melanic pixels in the full femur estimates the overall degree of
 melanism (i.e. coloration), the measure used for further analysis and
 listed in the excel file deposited here. A modified version of the
 original ImageJ script provided by Juan Pablo Busso is attached as an
 ImaheJ Macro (.ijm).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5gq
title: Data from: Gardeners of the forest: hornbills govern the spatial distribution of large seeds

description: Seed dispersal by frugivores is vital to the maintenance of tree diversity
 in tropical forests. However, determining the influence of different
 frugivores over the distribution of their food plants is difficult, given
 the complexity of these interactions in the tropics. Consequently, most
 studies have been restricted to small scales, examining seed dispersal and
 establishment associated with nests, roosts or fruiting trees. Here, we
 evaluate the role of frugivorous hornbills in dispersing seeds at spatial
 scales of 1 ha. We monitored hornbills and seed rain at a tropical forest
 site in north-east India. We quantified the abundance of hornbill food
 plants and recruits of large-seeded plants. We estimated removal rates of
 dispersed, large seeds to determine post-dispersal seed fate. We found
 that the distribution of large-seeded canopy food plants influenced the
 distribution of the relatively abundant Rhyticeros undulatus. The overall
 distribution of hornbills resulted in spatially-contagious seed rain
 patterns for the large-seeded plant species. Patches with canopy food
 plants had a higher recruit diversity. Our results show a positive
 feedback between distribution of rare but important hornbill food plants,
 hornbills and distribution of seeds and saplings of large-seeded plants in
 the landscape. Widespread loss of hornbills due to hunting and habitat
 loss in the region, have likely disrupted these feedback mechanisms that
 are critical for tree species regeneration.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gtsn
title: Differences in network structure and connectivity of four (protected) Palearctic-Afrotropical flyways

description: Aim – Waterbirds that travel seasonally between Europe and Africa use
 wetlands along four major Palearctic-Afrotropical flyways. However, it is
 unknown to what extent the overall connectivity of these flyways may be
 threatened by ongoing habitat loss and degradation. Here, we contrasted
 the wetland connectivity along these four flyways, applying
 graph-theoretic connectivity metrics on an intercontinental scale. We also
 explored for which flyway connectivity is most at risk. We then identified
 the most important wetlands by their contribution to connectivity in each
 flyway. Location – Western Palearctic, Afrotropics Methods – Based on
 high-resolution wetland maps, we calculated directional probabilistic
 connectivity metrics. Estimates of overall connectivity of each flyway
 were obtained, as well as the relative importance of wetlands, for birds
 with different migration strategies: short-distance hoppers and
 long-distance jumpers. Results – The East-Atlantic flyway and Eastern
 Mediterranean flyway had higher overall functional connectivity than the
 two central routes, reflecting the larger barrier represented by the
 Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert. Fewer than 5% of all wetlands
 supported more than 70% of the total connectivity of the network in each
 flyway, regardless of the considered migration strategy. These wetlands
 were either large, strategically positioned, or both. Removing
 non-protected wetlands from the analysis showed that the connectivity of
 some flyways could be jeopardised and that the East-Atlantic and Eastern
 Mediterranean flyway may be most vulnerable to additional habitat loss.
 Main conclusions – Our results illustrate (1) the major contribution of
 unprotected wetlands to flyway connectivity, (2) the importance of
 integrating migration ecology into site-based connectivity analyses, and
 (3) the utility of graph-based connectivity metrics to inform conservation
 prioritisation under present and future scenarios.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vdncjsxvv
title: Climate disequilibrium of fishes along elevation and latitudinal gradients: implications for climate tracking

description: Aim: Differences in realized and fundamental thermal niches can reveal how
 temperature constrains species distributions. Because climate-induced
 range shifts assume that temperature influences distribution limits (i.e.,
 climate equilibrium assumption), understanding the factors that determine
 the realized thermal niche of species is critical for understanding their
 climate tracking abilities. Location: Thermal niches were evaluated for
 two scales: Globally (n = 95 species) and across the Great Plains – Rocky
 Mountain region, U.S.A (n = 28 species) Taxon: Marine and freshwater
 fishes Results: First, freshwater species were not more likely than marine
 species to underfill their latitudinal cold-edge limit, despite restricted
 dispersal in freshwater environments from biogeographic barriers. Second,
 biological traits of dispersal ability were not associated with patterns
 of overfilling or underfilling along latitudinal gradients, aside from
 migratory species being more likely to overfill their cold-edge limits.
 Third, similar biological traits were not associated with freshwater
 fishes overfilling or underfilling their cold-edge, elevation limit with
 respect to their cold-edge latitudinal limit. Fourth, 78% of freshwater
 fish species (22 of 28) were observed underfilling their elevation limit
 relative to their latitudinal limit. Main conclusions: Our results reveal
 that the climate equilibrium assumption is not satisfied for half of
 marine and freshwater fishes along thermal-spatial gradients and is
 largely unrelated to dispersal and movement. Freshwater fishes appear
 particularly limited in their distribution potential along elevation
 gradients, given the strong patterns of elevation underfilling.
description: We used a combination of realized and fundamental cold limit,
 thermal niche data to investigate how fish species overfill or underfill
 their distribution limit along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in
 the context of four hypotheses about movement. We provide the excel
 datafiles, the associated R code, a citation list for where fundamental
 thermal niche data was acquired for each species, and a READ ME document
 to explain the datasets.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpkx
title: Predicting habitat suitability for wild deer in relation to threatened ecological communities in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia

description: Context. High density deer populations can cause ecological damage, yet
 their distribution and impacts are poorly known across much of Australia.
 As a result, land managers rely on anecdotal reports to make decisions
 about management and control measures. Aims. We aimed to model habitat
 suitability for deer in the South Coast of New South Wales (NSW),
 Australia, to be used as a baseline for future management and identify
 which threatened ecological communities (TECs) in the region are at
 greatest current risk of being occupied by deer. Methods. We compiled 678
 presence-only records of wild deer from online databases, observations
 made by National Parks and Wildlife Service field staff and field-based
 surveys. We combined these observations with eight environmental variables
 to model and map habitat suitability for deer across our study area using
 maximum entropy. Three spatial models of habitat suitability across our
 study area were produced: one for all deer species; and two
 species-specific models for fallow and sambar deer. Key results. Our
 models indicate that suitable habitat for deer exists throughout much of
 the South Coast of NSW. Of the TECs examined, Coastal Saltmarsh, Themeda
 Grassland, and Swamp Sclerophyll Forest had the highest proportion of area
 likely to be extremely suitable for deer and thus should be prioritised
 for protection within our study area. Conclusions. Further systematic
 field-based surveys are needed to improve the quality of models in this
 region. Implications. We recommend that areas having high habitat
 suitability but are not yet occupied by deer be identified as sites where
 deer occupancy could be prevented.
description: See 'Methods' section of the related journal article
 in <em>Pacific Conservation Biology</em>. 
description: Additional information related to these models can be found
 either (1) in the Methods section of the journal article, or (2) in the
 supplementary materials section of the journal article.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnv1
title: Data from: Impact of antecedent soil moisture on runoff from a semiarid catchment

description: Antecedent soil moisture is an important factor in the generation of
 runoff, but guidance for modeling moisture conditions in semiarid
 catchments is limited and conflicting. In this study, the impact of
 antecedent moisture was assessed at the plot scale (2.8 m2) using a
 portable rainfall simulator, and at the catchment scale based on observed
 precipitation and discharge for a 2.8 km2 watershed in central
 New Mexico. Performance of three loss models commonly used for hydrologic
 analysis in the southwestern U.S. was tested at both scales. High initial
 moisture content led to substantially higher runoff ratios at both scales,
 confirming the importance of antecedent soil moisture for runoff
 predictions in semiarid drainages. Hydrologic parameters estimated based
 on plot experiments, however, were highly variable and cannot easily be
 upscaled to the catchment scale. Loss model performance was clearly scale
 dependent: more simplistic (one- and two parameter) loss methods
 out-performed a more complex (four parameter) model at the watershed
 scale, while the opposite held true for test plot simulations. At the
 catchment scale, all models performed poorly for small runoff events, but
 yielded acceptable results for storms causing large discharges if
 antecedent soil moisture was considered. Failing to account for antecedent
 moisture led to simulated runoff volume errors up to one order of
 magnitude.
description: This dataset includes 19
 runoff and infiltration time series measured at ten test plots in central
 New Mexico. Tests were conducted using a portable rainfall simulator. A
 nozzle, suspended 3 m above ground, was used to spray water onto a
 2.8 m<sup>2</sup> test plot at a constant rate of
 55.9 mm/h. Below the nozzle, a sheet metal border was driven into the
 ground to a depth of approximately 5 cm. Any runoff originating inside the
 test plot was directed to a graduated container. Using a time lapse
 camera, runoff volume was recorded in 2-minute increments. For each time
 step, runoff rate was determined by dividing the incremental runoff volume
 by the plot size. Infiltration rate for each time step was calculated by
 subtracting the runoff rate from the rainfall rate. Each plot was tested
 twice – first under dry soil conditions, and a second time after
 approximately 2-3 days (wet conditions). At each site, one soil sample was
 subjected to particle size analysis. Before each test run, moisture
 content of the top 15 cm of the soil profile was determined from a core
 sample by drying.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2zbx
title: Prehabilitation program in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study

description: The preoperative period may be an opportune period to optimize the
 patients’ physical condition with a multimodal preoperative program. The
 impact of a "prehabilitation" program in elderly patients is
 discussed. This mono-centre observational cohort study included
 consecutively 139 patients planned for major abdominal and thoracic
 surgery: 44 in the control group (age&lt;65) and 95 in the elderly
 group (age&gt; 65). All patients followed a
 "prehabilitation" program including exercise training,
 nutritional optimization, psychological support, and behavior change.
 Seventeen patients in the control group and 45 in the elderly group
 completed the study at six months. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) increased
 in both groups from the initial evaluation to the last one (median value
 of 80 m [interquartile range 51] for those under 65 years; 59 m [34] for
 the older ones; P=0.114). The 6MWT was also similar after one month of
 prehabilitation for both populations. The rate of postoperative
 complications was similar in the two groups. Prehabilitation showed
 equivalence in patients over 65 years of age compared to younger patients
 in terms of increase in functional capabilities and of postoperative
 evolution. This multimodal program represents a bundle of care which can
 benefit the frailer population.
description: Medical records.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.612jm6442
title: Visceral organ growth in pigs from birth through 150 kg bodyweight

description: Visceral organs (VO) are essential for their role in the metabolism and
 distribution of consumed nutrients  as well as other life
 functions in animals. Two experiments were conducted to assess the natural
 longitudinal changes that the VO undergo from birth through 150 kg body
 weight (BW). Results showed that both absolute and relative measurements
 (weight, volume, and length) of VO were dependent on the BW (age) of the
 pig.
description: Data was collected by serial slaughter of pigs. Data were then
 analyzed based on the age and bodyweight of the pigs.
description: Further, and more detailed, information about data collection,
 handling, and analysis is contained in the manuscript in which the data is
 published in the Journal of Animal Science (JAS-2021-5659).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j9kd51cd6
title: Interaction between hunting strategy, habitat type and stratum drive intraguild predation and cannibalism

description: Intraguild predation (IGP) is a common interaction between generalist
 predators when they competitively exploit similar resources and prey on
 each other. Theoretical models predict limitations for intraguild predator
 coexistence unless some mechanisms, such as utilization of alternative
 prey (i.e., trophic niche partitioning) and cannibalism, increase the
 relative intraspecific clustering and interspecific segregation. As
 hunting strategies determine trophic niches of predators and their own
 vulnerability to predation, the hunting strategies may also determine the
 relative importance of cannibalism, predation, and exploitative
 competition and consequently the intensity of IGP. The importance of
 hunting strategies on the potential outcome of IGP and how habitat
 properties modify the interaction between hunting strategies remain poorly
 understood. Using published data on spider prey of spider predators, we
 first investigated how predation of a top-predator on a mesopredator is
 determined by the functional distance between both predators to understand
 how predation and exploitation are distributed in spider communities.
 Subsequently, we investigated the predation among spiders with particular
 hunting strategies to understand which strategies interact most
 frequently. We also investigated whether the interaction between hunting
 strategies was influenced by habitat type (forest, open (semi)natural
 habitat, agroecosystem) or by habitat stratum (ground vs. vegetation). The
 hunting strategies of top-predators and mesopredators interacted to
 determine the relative capture proportions of conspecifics and
 hetero-specifics. This interaction was further modified by habitat type
 and stratum. Two mechanisms can reinforce coexistence in highly diverse
 spider communities. First, top-predators preyed most frequently on
 functionally distinct mesopredators, which indicates the overall intensity
 of IGP may be relaxed by a balanced distribution between exploitative
 competition and predation. Second, cannibalism was common for
 top-predators with a hunting strategy of frequently preying on
 functionally similar mesopredators. Cannibalism may lead to
 self-limitation of top-predator populations and may thereby facilitate
 coexistence between two predator species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcf1
title: Data from: Fear dynamically structures the ocean's pelagic zone

description: Fear of predation can have wide-ranging ecological effects.This is
 especially true in the ocean’s pelagic zone, the Earth’s largest habitat,
 where vertical gradients in light and primary productivity force numerous
 taxa to migrate vertically each night to feed at the surface while
 minimizing risk from visual predators. Despite its importance, and the
 fact that it is driven by spatial differences in perceived risk, diel
 vertical migration (DVM) is rarely considered within the “landscape of
 fear” framework. It is also far from the only such process in the pelagic
 zone. We used continuous, year-long records from an upward-looking
 echosounder and broadband hydrophone at a cabled observatory off Central
 California, USA, to observe avoidance reactions by several groups of
 pelagic animals to the presence of their predators. As expected, vertical
 migration was ubiquitous, but we also observed behaviors at shorter and
 longer time-scales which were best explained by fear of predation. The
 presence of foraging odontocetes induced immediate diving behavior in
 mesopelagic sound-scattering layers, and schools of epipelagic fishes
 induced similar behaviors in layers of zooplankton and mesopelagic
 micronekton. At longer time scales, the presence of fish schools
 significantly deepened vertical migration, rearranging life throughout the
 water column. We argue that behavioral reactions to predation risk are
 common in the pelagic zone at a range of spatiotemporal scales and that
 our understanding of food webs and biogeochemical cycling in this immense
 biome will be incomplete unless we account for fear.