cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5268537
title: Microscopy data: interaction of the gene gadd45ga with RNA polymerase II clusters during early zebrafish embryo development

description: Microscopy image data containing fluorescently labeled gene loci, recruited RNA polymerase II, and elongating RNA polymerase II. This data set is for the gene <em>gadd45ga</em> and is obtained from fixed zebrafish embryos, collected at the developmental stages oblong, sphere, dome, 30% epiboly, and 50% epiboly (indicated in the file names). Data were recorded using an instant-SIM microscope (iSIM, VisiTech UK) with a 100X TIRF oil immersion objective (Nikon, NA 1.49, CFI SR HP Apo TIRF 100XAC Oil). Two independent experiments were performed (IF1, IF2 in the file name), for each experiment, two samples were prepared per stage and experiment (001, 002 in the file name). The image data are in the ND2 format (Nikon proprietary) and can be imported using the BioFormats importer (Open Microscopy Environment).
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/735249bf7d7e64c33ce6af203b2d9e6b
title: Chemistry of rainfall and throughfall from El Verde and Bisley

description: Rain, throughfall, and stream water are collected weekly at the LEF sites listed below. These data sets begin as early as 1983; LTER sampling began in 1988. Rain and throughfall samples are the total catch for the week, and are exposed to field conditions for that time. No event sampling is conducted on a routine basis. Rain samples from WDEV are wet only from an automatically-closing collector that prevents any dry deposition (Aerochem Metrics NADP collector). RCEV and RCB are bulk or always-open collectors that receive dry deposition by sedimentation. All samples are measured for pH and conductivity, and then filtered (pre-combusted Whatman GF/F glass fiber filter) prior to further analysis. From 1983-1994 samples were cooled and returned to the San Juan chemistry laboratory for analysis. During those years, samples for NH4 and NO3 analyses were refrigerated continuously until analysis. Subsamples for NH4 analysis were also preserved with 1 molar H2SO4. From 1994 on, samples for NH4 and NO3 were frozen until analysis, were not acidified, and all analyses were conducted at the University of New Hampshire. Rain and Throughfall Sampling SitesDescriptions of LTER LUQ rain and throughfall weekly sample chemistry data from 1988 onwards. Chemical concentrations are recorded as mg/L or ug/L as appropriate. Values below detection limits are recorded as 1/2 the detection limit. Site Abbreviation Description Comments Rain collector Bisley. RCB Bulk collector. Rain collector El Verde RCEV Bulk collector. Wet/dry El Verde. WDEV. Wet only collector. Throughfall Bisley. TFB=TCB TF bulk 10-collector composite Â Bisley gap. BGAP . TF bulk 10-collector composite
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5266903
title: Microscopy data: interaction of the gene vamp2 with RNA polymerase II clusters during early zebrafish embryo development

description: Microscopy image data containing fluorescently labeled gene loci, recruited RNA polymerase II, and elongating RNA polymerase II. This data set is for the gene <em>vamp2</em> and is obtained from fixed zebrafish embryos, collected at the developmental stages oblong, sphere, dome, 30% epiboly, and 50% epiboly (indicated in the file names). Data were recorded using an instant-SIM microscope (iSIM, VisiTech UK) with a 100X TIRF oil immersion objective (Nikon, NA 1.49, CFI SR HP Apo TIRF 100XAC Oil). Two independent experiments were performed (IF1, IF2 in the file name), for each experiment, between one and three samples were prepared per stage and experiment (001, 002, 003 in the file name). The image data are in the ND2 format (Nikon proprietary) and can be imported using the BioFormats importer (Open Microscopy Environment).
description: Additional data that did not fit the file size limit are located here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5270540
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5266902
title: Microscopy data: interaction of the gene vamp2 with RNA polymerase II clusters during early zebrafish embryo development

description: Microscopy image data containing fluorescently labeled gene loci, recruited RNA polymerase II, and elongating RNA polymerase II. This data set is for the gene <em>vamp2</em> and is obtained from fixed zebrafish embryos, collected at the developmental stages oblong, sphere, dome, 30% epiboly, and 50% epiboly (indicated in the file names). Data were recorded using an instant-SIM microscope (iSIM, VisiTech UK) with a 100X TIRF oil immersion objective (Nikon, NA 1.49, CFI SR HP Apo TIRF 100XAC Oil). Two independent experiments were performed (IF1, IF2 in the file name), for each experiment, between one and three samples were prepared per stage and experiment (001, 002, 003 in the file name). The image data are in the ND2 format (Nikon proprietary) and can be imported using the BioFormats importer (Open Microscopy Environment).
description: Additional data that did not fit the file size limit are located here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5270540
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853879
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: Training Study - Children's Acquisition of Complex Questions, 2017-2018

description: A central question in language acquisition is how children master sentence types that they have seldom, if ever, heard. Here we report the findings of a preregistered, randomized, single-blind intervention study designed to test the prediction that, for one such sentence type, complex questions (e.g., Is the crocodile who’s hot eating?), children could combine schemas learned, on the basis of the input, for complex noun phrases (the [THING] who’s [PROPERTY]) and simple questions (Is [THING] [ACTION]ing?) to yield a complex-question schema (Is [the [THING] who’s [PROPERTY]] ACTIONing?). Children aged 4;2 to 6;8 years (M=5;6, SD= 7.7 months) were trained on simple questions (e.g., Is the bird cleaning?) and either (Experimental group, N=61) complex noun phrases (e.g., the bird who’s sad) or (Control group, N=61) matched simple noun phrases (e.g., the sad bird). In general, the two groups did not differ on their ability to produce novel complex questions at test. However, the Experimental group did show (a) some evidence of generalizing a particular complex NP schema (the [THING] who’s [PROPERTY] as opposed to the [THING] that’s [PROPERTY]) from training to test, (b) a lower rate of auxiliary-doubling errors (e.g., *Is the crocodile who’s hot is eating?) and (c) a greater ability to produce complex questions on the first test trial.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853897
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: Language-general and Language-specific Phenomena in the Acquisition of Inflectional Noun Morphology: A Cross-linguistic Elicited-production Study of Polish, Finnish and Estonian, 2014-2020

description: The aim of this large-scale, preregistered, cross-linguistic study was to mediate between theories of the acquisition of inflectional morphology, which lie along a continuum from rule-based to analogy-based. Across three morphologically rich languages (Polish, Finnish and Estonian), 120 children (mean age 48.32 months, SD = 7.0 months) completed an experimental, elicited-production study of noun case marking. Confirmatory analyses found effects of surface-form (whole-word, token) frequency for Polish and Estonian, and phonological neighbourhood density (PND) for all three languages (using either our preregistered class-based or an exploratory form-based measure). An exploratory all-languages analysis yielded both main effects, and a predicted interaction, such that the effect of PND was greater for forms with lower surface-form frequency, which are less available for direct retrieval from memory. Cross-linguistic differences were investigated with exploratory analyses of case variance, affix syncretism and stem changes. We conclude that these findings are difficult to reconcile with accounts that posit rules or linguistic abstractions and are most naturally explained by analogy-based connectionist or exemplar accounts.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853914
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: How the Input Shapes the Acquisition of Verb Morphology: Elicited Production and Computational Modelling in Two Highly Inflected Languages, 2014-2020

description: The aim of the present work was to develop a computational model of how children acquire inflectional morphology for marking person and number; one of the central challenges in language development. First, in order to establish which putative learning phenomena are sufficiently robust to constitute a target for modelling, we ran large-scale elicited production studies with native learners of Finnish (N = 77; 35–63 months) and Polish (N = 81; 35–59 months), using a novel method that, unlike previous studies, allows for elicitation of all six person/number forms in the paradigm (first, second and third person; singular and plural). We then proceeded to build and test a connectionist model of the acquisition of person/number marking which not only acquires near adult-like mastery of the system (including generalisation to unseen items), but also yields all of the key phenomena observed in the elicited-production studies; specifically, effects of token frequency and phonological neighbourhood density of the target form, and a pattern whereby errors generally reflect the replacement of low frequency targets by higher-frequency forms of the same verb, or forms with the same person/number as the target, but with a suffix from an inappropriate conjugation class. The findings demonstrate that acquisition of even highly complex systems of inflectional morphology can be accounted for by a theoretical model that assumes rote storage and phonological analogy, as opposed to formal symbolic rules.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-854906
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: Infants’ Conceptual Representations by Meaningful Verbal and Nonverbal Sounds, 2014-2020

description: In adults, words are more effective than sounds at activating conceptual representations. We aimed to replicate these findings and extend them to infants. In a series of experiments using an eye tracker object recognition task, suitable for both adults and infants, participants heard either a word (e.g. cow) or an associated sound (e.g. mooing) followed by an image illustrating a target (e.g. cow) and a distracter (e.g. telephone). The results showed that adults reacted faster when the visual object matched the auditory stimulus and even faster in the word relative to the associated sound condition. Infants, however, did not show a similar pattern of eye-movements: only eighteen-month-olds, but not 9- or 12-month-olds, were equally fast at recognizing the target object in both conditions. Looking times, however, were longer for associated sounds, suggesting that processing sounds elicits greater allocation of attention. Our findings suggest that the advantage of words over associated sounds in activating conceptual representations emerges at a later stage during language development.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853883
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: Corpus and Experimental Study: Children's Acquisition of Wh-questions, 2019

description: Corpus data analysis (Python scripts) audio recordings (audio files), stimuli (a complete OpenSesame Experiment file), transcribed and coded responses (.csv file) data analysis scripts (R files) from a training study described by the following abstract: Subject-auxiliary inversion in interrogatives has been a topic of great interest in language acquisition research, and has often been held up as evidence for the structure-dependence of grammar. This applies especially to wh- questions, which are argued to be structurally more complex than polar interrogatives. Non-inversion errors are of particular interest as they represent a rare case in which children reliably make errors involving word order. Usage-based and nativist approaches posit different representations and processes underlying children’s question formation and therefore predict different causes for these errors. Here, we explore the question of whether input statistics predict children’s spontaneous non-inversion errors with wh- questions. While previous work has focused primarily on the distributional properties of wh- words and auxiliaries themselves, we consider the statistical properties of additional subsequences. In particular, we look at properties of the non-inverted, errorful forms of questions. In keeping with recent evidence for multiword units in children’s comprehension and production, we explore the question of whether the frequency of uninverted subsequences (e.g., “she is going” in “what she is going to do?*”) is a good predictor of children’s errors. First, through a series of corpus analyses, we show that this is indeed the case. Second, we conduct an experiment in which children are asked to repeat wh-questions which, although matched for the n-grams in the well-formed questions, differ as to the n-gram frequencies of the crucial bigrams.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853926
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: The Effect of Animacy on Children and Adult's Comprehension of Relative Clauses, 2014-2020

description: We investigated the influence of animacy on online processing of semantically reversible SRCs and ORCs using lexically inanimate items that were perceptually animate due to motion (e.g.,“where is the tractor that the cow is chasing”). Across three experiments we collected data from 141 children (aged 4;5–6;9) and 64 adults listened to sentences that varied in the lexical animacy of the NP1 head-noun (Animate/Inanimate) and relative clause (RC) type (SRC/ORC) with an animate NP2 , while viewing two images depicting opposite actions. As expected, inanimate head-nouns facilitated the correct interpretation of ORCs in children, however online data revealed children were more likely to anticipate a SRC as the RC unfolded when an inanimate head-noun was used, suggesting processing was sensitive to perceptual animacy.. Across the experiments, offline measures show that lexical animacy influenced children’s interpretation of ORCs, while online measures reveal that as RCs unfolded, children were sensitive to the perceptual animacy of lexically inanimate NPs, which was not reflected in the offline data.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5270540
title: Additional data for the gene vamp2

description: Additional data for the gene <em>vamp2</em>, which did not fit the file size limit of the main data set located at the following address: <pre>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5266903</pre>
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5270539
title: Additional data for the gene vamp2

description: Additional data for the gene <em>vamp2</em>, which did not fit the file size limit of the main data set located at the following address: <pre>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5266903</pre>
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-855163
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: Who Is Doing What to Whom? Infant Event Perception and Language Learning, 2014-2020

description: This repository contains data and information relating to a longitudinal project which investigated infants’ processing of causal events and its relationship with language learning. The same group of infants was tested at two time points, once at around 13-months-old, and again at 30-months. Experiments at each time point were designed to be independently as well as longitudinally informative.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853899
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: The Effect of Information Structure on the Acquisition of Complex Sentences, 2014-2020

description: Understanding complex sentences that contain multiple clauses referring to events in the world and the relations between them is an important development in children's language learning. A number of theoretical positions have suggested that factors like syntactic structure (clause order), iconicity (whether the order of clauses reflects the order of events), and givenness (whether information is shared between speakers) affect ease of comprehension. We tested these accounts by investigating how these factors interact in British English-speaking children's comprehension of complex sentences with adverbial clauses (after, before, because, if), while controlling for language level, working memory and inhibitory control. 92 children in three age groups (4, 5 and 8 years) and 17 adults completed a picture selection task. Participants heard an initial context sentence, followed by a two-clause sentence which varied in: (1) the order of the main and subordinate clause; (2) the order of given and new information; and (3) whether the given information occurred in the main or subordinate clause. Accuracy and response times were measured. Our results showed that given-before-new improves comprehension for four- and five-year-olds, but only when the given information is in the initial subordinate clause (e.g., “Sue crawls on the floor. Before she crawls on the floor, she hops up and down”). Temporal adverbials (after, before) were processed faster than causal adverbials (because, if). These effects were not found for the eight-year-olds, whose performance was more similar to that of the adults. Providing a context sentence also improved performance compared to presenting the test sentences in isolation. We conclude that existing accounts based on either ease of processing or information structure cannot fully account for these findings, and suggest a more integrated explanation which reflects children's developing language and literacy skills. Manuscript available here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104130 Pre-registration available here: https://osf.io/7pw5j Data and analysis script available here: https://osf.io/p8kzm/
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5242976
title: Dataset collected by JSIsolate

description: This dataset contains: 1) the object access logs, 2) script isolation policies and 3) script write conflicts collected by JSIsolate on Alexa top 1K websites. We analyze the access logs to generate the conflict summary files and script isolation policies that assign static scripts to an execution context. We split the whole dataset of object access logs into 10 subsets, i.e., <em>access-0.zip</em> ~ <em>access-9.zip</em>. The isolation policies are released in <em>url-level-policies.zip</em> and <em>domain-level-policies.zip</em>. The object accesses (i.e., reads and writes) are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].access (e.g., 1.main.0.access) files. The URLs of frames (i.e., main frames and iframes) are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].frame (e.g., 1.main.0.frame) files. The maps from script IDs to script URLs are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].id2url (e.g., 1.main.0.id2url) files. The maps from script IDs to their parent script (script that includes it, &lt;null&gt; for static scripts) IDs are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].id2parentid (e.g., 1.main.0.id2parentid) files. The source code of scripts are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].[script_ID].script (e.g., 1.main.0.17.script) files. Note that we perform monkey testing during the data collection, which may cause the page to navigate to a different URL. Therefore, there could be multiple main frame files. The conflicts are dumped to [rank].conflicts (e.g., 1.conflicts) files. The isolation policies are dumped to [rank].configs (e.g., 1.configs) and [rank].configs-simple (e.g., 1.configs-simple) files. Note that the *.configs files also include the read/write operations that cause JSIsolate to assign a script from third-party domain to the first-party context.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4892852
title: Dataset collected by JSIsolate

description: This dataset contains: 1) the object access logs, 2) script isolation policies and 3) script write conflicts collected by JSIsolate on Alexa top 1K websites. We analyze the access logs to generate the conflict summary files and script isolation policies that assign static scripts to an execution context. We split the whole dataset of object access logs into 10 subsets, i.e., <em>access-0.zip</em> ~ <em>access-9.zip</em>. The isolation policies are released in <em>url-level-policies.zip</em> and <em>domain-level-policies.zip</em>. The object accesses (i.e., reads and writes) are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].access (e.g., 1.main.0.access) files. The URLs of frames (i.e., main frames and iframes) are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].frame (e.g., 1.main.0.frame) files. The maps from script IDs to script URLs are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].id2url (e.g., 1.main.0.id2url) files. The maps from script IDs to their parent script (script that includes it, &lt;null&gt; for static scripts) IDs are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].id2parentid (e.g., 1.main.0.id2parentid) files. The source code of scripts are saved in [rank].[main/sub].[frame_cnt].[script_ID].script (e.g., 1.main.0.17.script) files. Note that we perform monkey testing during the data collection, which may cause the page to navigate to a different URL. Therefore, there could be multiple main frame files. The conflicts are dumped to [rank].conflicts (e.g., 1.conflicts) files. The isolation policies are dumped to [rank].configs (e.g., 1.configs) and [rank].configs-simple (e.g., 1.configs-simple) files. Note that the *.configs files also include the read/write operations that cause JSIsolate to assign a script from third-party domain to the first-party context.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-853925
title: International Centre for Language and Communicative Development: Discourse and Morpho-syntactic Effects on Children and Adult's Comprehension of Relative Clauses, 2014-2020

description: When listening to relative clauses (RC) children show anticipation for a subject (SRC) rather than object relative clause (ORC). Research has suggested that changes to discourse interfere with this SRC bias (Yang, Mo & Louwerse, 2012), however others have argued these findings were due to effects of lexical priming, rather than true discourse effects (Forster & Sicuro Corrêa, 2017). We investigated discourse effects on RC interpretation using ambiguous RCs and preamble sentences with no direct reference to the agents in the target sentence. For example, the target “The man saw the nurse [NP1] with the boy [NP2] who was very tired” was employed after one of these preambles: “It was a long day… (1) …at the hospital” [NP1-priming] (2) …at the school” [NP2-priming] (3) …that Tuesday” [Neutral] Forty-eight children (aged 4-6) and 30 adults saw pictures of NP1 and NP2 as they listened to the target sentence and their eye movements were monitored. We found no evidence of the preambles influencing online processing, and a strong bias for NP2 anticipation, suggesting that syntax guided the processing for children and adults while discourse did not. We later used unambiguous sentences with varying morphological cues (“The man saw the nurse(s) [NP1] with the boy(s) [NP2] who was/were very tired”) on adults and found that these cues influenced online interpretation with interference from syntax but not discourse.