DOI: 10.5061/dryad.33m546g
title: Data from: Significant differences in maternal carotenoid provisioning and effects on offspring fitness in Chinook salmon colour morphs

description: In oviparous species, maternal carotenoid provisioning can deliver diverse
 fitness benefits to offspring via increased survival, growth, and immune
 function. Despite demonstrated advantages of carotenoids, large intra‐ and
 interspecific variation in carotenoid utilization exists, suggesting
 trade‐offs associated with carotenoids. In Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
 tshawytscha), extreme variation in carotenoid utilization delineates two
 colour morphs (red and white) that differ genetically in their ability to
 deposit carotenoids into tissues. Here, we take advantage of this natural
 variation to examine how large differences in maternal carotenoid
 provisioning influence offspring fitness. Using a full‐factorial breeding
 design crossing morphs and common‐garden rearing, we measured differences
 in a suite of fitness‐related traits, including survival, growth, viral
 susceptibility, and host response, in offspring of red (carotenoid‐rich
 eggs) and white (carotenoid‐poor eggs) females. Eggs of red females had
 significantly higher carotenoid content than those of white females (6X
 more); however, this did not translate into measurable differences in
 offspring fitness. Given that white Chinook salmon may have evolved to
 counteract their maternal carotenoid deficiency, we also examined the
 relationship between egg carotenoid content and offspring fitness within
 each morph separately. Egg carotenoids only had a positive effect within
 the red morph on survival to eyed‐egg (earliest measured trait), but not
 within the white morph. While previous work shows that white females
 benefit from reduced egg predation, our study also supports a hypothesis
 that white Chinook salmon have evolved additional mechanisms to improve
 egg survival despite low carotenoids, providing novel insight into
 evolutionary mechanisms that maintain this stable polymorphism.
description: Egg carotenoid
 contentEgg carotenoid content
 in ug/g for unfertilized eggs from Chinook salmon
 femalesCarotenoid_content.csvRelative gene expression dataRelative gene expression data for all fish in control and treatment tanksAll_relative_expression_data.csvSurvival to eyed-egg stageData for survival from fertilization to eyed-egg stage. All eggs were counted (dead and alive) to calculate survival for each cell (replicates for each cross). Data were converted to binary data for analyses. A total of 56 families were used in this analysis.egg survival for binary-56 families.csvSurvival from eyed-egg to frySurvival from eyed-egg to fry measured by alive and dead offspring. Survival values are provided for each family (n=56). Data were converted to binary format for analyses.egg to fry data survival-CAER.csvEarly fry survivalData for early fry survival (from ponding to February). Survival data are provided for each family. Data were transformed to binary format for analyses.early fry survival -CAER.csvLate fry survivalData for late fry survival (February to June). Data are provided for each tank and were transformed to binary format for analyses.late fry survival-CAER.csvWeight and length data for fryWeight (wt) and fork length (FL) data for fry in December, February, April, and July. A total of 15 fish were randomly sampled at each date (not same fish each time). Missing data points within a family indicate that no additional fish were alive in the family at that time point (or after that point).Ponding_data_Ques2015_caer.csvIHNV survival challengeSurvival data (dead and alive fish) for IHNV and mock challenge. Survival was measured over 35 days after exposure to the live IHNV virus or exposure to mock conditions.