cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/ergf-nc12
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GISP2 - Younger Dryas d18O, d15N, d40Ar,CH4 Data

description: Rapid temperature change fractionates gas isotopes in unconsolidated snow, producing a signal that is preserved in trapped air bubbles as the snow forms ice. The fractionation of nitrogen and argon isotopes at the end of the Younger Dryas cold interval, recorded in Greenland ice, demonstrates that warming at this time was abrupt. This warming coincides with the onset of a prominent rise in atmospheric methane concentration, indicating that the climate change was synchronous (within a few decades) over a region of at least hemispheric extent, and providing constraints on previously proposed mechanisms of climate change at this time. The depth of the nitrogen-isotope signal relative to the depth of the climate change recorded in the ice matrix indicates that, during the Younger Dryas, the summit of Greenland was 15 ± 3 °C colder than today.
DOI: 10.25921/ewsz-z402
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Dome C 2500 Year VOLSOL Ice Core Sulfate Concentration Data

description: Current volcanic reconstructions based on ice core analysis have significantly improved over the past few decades by incorporating multiple-core analyses with a high temporal resolution from different parts of the polar regions into a composite common volcanic eruption record. Regional patterns of volcanic deposition are based on composite records, built from cores taken at both poles. However, in many cases only a single record at a given site is used for these reconstructions. This assumes that transport and regional meteorological patterns are the only source of the dispersion of the volcanic products. Here we evaluate the local-scale variability of a sulfate profile in a low-accumulation site (Dome C, Antarctica), in order to assess the representativeness of one core for such a reconstruction. We evaluate the variability with depth, statistical occurrence, and sulfate flux deposition variability of volcanic eruptions detected in five ice cores, drilled 1 m apart from each other. Local-scale variability, essentially attributed to snow drift and surface roughness at Dome C, can lead to a non-exhaustive record of volcanic events when a single core is used as the site reference, with a bulk probability of 30 % of missing volcanic events and close to 65 % uncertainty on one volcanic flux measurement (based on the standard deviation obtained from a five-core comparison). Averaging n records reduces the uncertainty of the deposited flux mean significantly (by a factor 1/sqareroot-n); in the case of five cores, the uncertainty of the mean flux can therefore be reduced to 29 %.
description: Project VOLSOL (VOLcanic and SOLar natural climatic forcings) ice core sulfate data from five adjacent 100m ice cores drilled at Concordia Station, Antarctica.  Error of concentration is constant and estimated at +/- 4 % based on standard replicate measurements, the five cores were collected 1m apart in a straight line by a 10 cm OD mechanical drill, dry drilling. Identic date = unresolved by the chronology
DOI: 10.25921/eskq-e538
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Buyantuyev - Khuzir Settlement - LASI - ITRDB RUSS245

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.25921/evvd-an62
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmer - Towai Farm subfossil - AGAU - ITRDB NEWZ116

description: The warming trend at the end of the last glacial was disrupted by rapid cooling clearly identified in Greenland (Greenland Stadial 1 or GS-1) and Europe (Younger Dryas Stadial or YD). This reversal to glacial-like conditions is one of the best known examples of abrupt change but the exact timing and global spatial extent remain uncertain. Whilst the wider Atlantic region has a network of high-resolution proxy records spanning GS-1, the Pacific Ocean suffers from a scarcity of sub-decadally resolved sequences. Here we report the results from an investigation into a tree-ring chronology from northern New Zealand aimed at addressing the paucity of data. The conifer tree species kauri (Agathis australis) is known from contemporary studies to be sensitive to regional climate changes. An analysis of a 'historic' 452-year kauri chronology confirms a tropica--Pacific teleconnection via the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We then focus our study on a 1010-year sub-fossil kauri chronology that has been precisely dated by comprehensive radiocarbon dating and contains a striking ring-width downturn between -12,500 and 12,380 cal BP within GS-1. Wavelet analysis shows a marked increase in ENSO-like periodicities occurring after the downturn event. Comparison to low- and mid-latitude Pacific records suggests a coherency with ENSO and Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation change during this period. The driver(s) for this climate event remain unclear but may be related to solar changes that subsequently led to establishment and/or increased expression of ENSO across the mid-latitudes of the Pacific, seemingly independent of the Atlantic and polar regions.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.25921/e6hr-5213
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Falkland Islands 2600 Year Pollen and Charcoal Data

description: Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow has a significant influence on the ocean-atmosphere system of the mid- to high latitudes with potentially global climate implications. Unfortunately, historic observations only extend back to the late 19th century, limiting our understanding of multi-decadal to centennial change. Here we present a highly resolved (30-year) record of past westerly wind strength from a Falkland Islands peat sequence spanning the last 2600 years. Situated within the core latitude of Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow (the so-called furious fifties), we identify highly variable changes in exotic pollen and charcoal derived from South America which can be used to inform on past westerly air strength. We find a period of high charcoal content between 2000 and 1000 cal.years BP, associated with increased burning in Patagonia, most probably as a result of higher temperatures and stronger westerly airflow. Spectral analysis of the charcoal record identifies a pervasive ca. 250-year  periodicity that is coherent with radiocarbon production rates, suggesting that solar variability has a modulating influence on Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow. Our results have important implications for understanding global climate change through the late Holocene.
description: Pollen and charcoal record from peat sequence spanning the last 2600 years, with exotic input from Patagonia.
DOI: 10.25921/echq-0g20
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southwest Alaska Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data

description: Increasing temperatures have resulted in reduced growth and increased tree mortality across large areas of western North American forests. Here we use tree-ring isotope chronologies (d13C and d18O) from live and dead trees from four locations in south-central Alaska to test whether white spruce trees killed by recent spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) outbreaks showed evidence of drought stress prior to death. Trees that were killed were more sensitive to spring/summer temperature and/or precipitation than trees that survived. At two of our sites we found greater correlations between the d13C and d18O chronologies and spring/summer temperatures in dead trees than in live trees, suggesting that trees that are more sensitive to temperature-induced drought stress are more likely to be killed. At one site, the difference between d13C in live and dead trees was related to winter/spring precipitation, with dead trees showing stronger correlations between d13C and precipitation, again suggesting increased water stress in dead trees. At all sites where d18O was measured, d18O chronologies showed the greatest difference in climate response between live and dead groups, with d18O in live trees correlating more strongly with late winter precipitation than dead trees. Our results indicate that sites where trees are already sensitive to warm or dry early growing-season conditions experienced the most beetle-kill, which has important implications for forecasting future mortality events in Alaska.
description: Tree-ring stable isotope ratios of carbon and oxygen from trees killed during a recent spruce beetle outbreak and trees that survived from Southwest Alaska. Raw d13C data uncorrected for changing atmospheric CO2 or changing 13C value of the atmosphere are presented here. Site chronology produced using 4 trees per group (Live, Dead). Provided Keywords: 13C/12C, 18O/16O, tree-ring, stable isotopes, Alaska, climate, spruce beetle, carbon, oxygen
IITRDB15
DOI: 10.15468/dl.z488w4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 59 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Garcinia spicata)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 59 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006418-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/es7b-y007
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Antarctic Geochemistry Data and Mean Annual Temperature Reconstruction through the Eocene-Oligocene transition

description: Earth’s current icehouse phase began ~34 m.y. ago with the onset of major Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Changes in ocean circulation and a decline in atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were associated with stepwise cooling and ice growth at southern high latitudes. The Antarctic cryosphere plays a critical role in the ocean-atmosphere system, but its early evolution is still poorly known. With a near-field record from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, we demonstrate that Antarctic ice growth was stepwise and had an earlier onset than previously suggested. Prydz Bay lies downstream of a major East Antarctic Ice Sheet drainage system, and its sedimentary records uniquely constrain the timing of ice-sheet advance onto the continental shelf. We investigated a detrital record extracted from three Ocean Drilling Program drill holes within a new depositional and chronological framework spanning the late Eocene to early Oligocene (ca. 36–33 Ma). The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the S index, calculated from the major-element geochemistry of bulk samples, yielded estimates of chemical weathering intensities and mean annual temperature on the East Antarctic continent. We document evidence for late Eocene mountain glaciation along with transient warm events at 35.8–34.8 Ma. From 34.4 Ma, associated with the Eocene-Oligocene transition precursor d18O excursion, glaciers advanced into Prydz Bay, coincident with a decline in chemical weathering and temperature. We conclude that Antarctic continental ice growth commenced with the Eocene-Oligocene transition “precursor” glaciation, during a time of Subantarctic surface ocean cooling and a decline in atmospheric pCO2. These results call for dynamic high-latitude feedbacks that are currently poorly represented in Earth system models and emphasize the need for additional near-field glacio-sedimentological, high-latitude sea-surface temperature and pCO2 records across the Eocene-Oligocene transition.
description: ODP Sites 739 (-67.276167 S, 75.081833 E, -412.4 m), 742 (-67.549667 S, 75.4045 E, -415.7 m) and 1166 (-67.696167 S, 74.787 E, -475.4 m) together encompass a composite record; the standard error on the MAT is 3.6 degrees Celsius
     Provided Keywords: Antarctica, chemical index of alteration, Eocene
DOI: 10.25921/ensd-xz51
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Blackwood Sinkhole, Bahamas 3,000 Year Sand Content and Pollen Data

description: Most Atlantic hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9N to 20N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a period of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North Atlantic margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North Atlantic margin to an active hurricane interval.
description: Overwash sand and pollen concentration data as a paleohurricane proxy for the past 3,000 years from Blackwood Sinkhole, Abaco Island, Bahamas
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mdt3y9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7959 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Mus musculus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Netherlands"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7959 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006415-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/eyps-9863
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tripati et al. 2001 Ellesmere Island Paleocene Mollusc Stable Isotope Data

description: Characterizing polar climates during past warm intervals is important for understanding ‘greenhouse’ climate dynamics because high-latitude surface temperatures and precipitation patterns are extremely sensitive to global climatic conditions. Model-data comparisons of high-latitude climates during past warm intervals (Cretaceous–Eocene, Pliocene) are currently at odds. Specifically, simulations of past warm climates produce polar regions characterized by sub-freezing temperatures and significant seasonality, whereas limited fossil proxy data indicate higher mean annual temperatures and low seasonality (i.e. an equable climate). We have constructed a data set to infer northern hemisphere polar marine temperatures during the late Paleocene. Seasonal and mean annual temperature and the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation are reconstructed for an Arctic coastal setting during the Thanetian (57–58 Ma) using fossil shell stable isotope profiles. We estimate that coastal water temperatures varied between 10 and 15°C during the seasons of growth, presumably spring, summer and fall. These findings support paleontological evidence, implying Northern Hemisphere polar climates were seasonally warm during the late Paleocene. In addition, estuarine fossil oxygen isotope profiles show periodic excursions to low values (as low as −19‰ VPDB), which indicate seasonal pulses of isotopically-depleted freshwater.
DOI: 10.25921/ezbe-mb71
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stokes - Sierra del Carmen Los Cojos - PIED - ITRDB MEXI016

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-18.
DOI: 10.25921/e2gr-dd06
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northeast Pacific 31,000 Year Fossil Diatom Assemblage Data

description: Understanding responses of oceanic primary productivity, carbon export, and burial to climate change is essential for model-based projection of biological feedbacks in a high-CO2 world. Here we compare estimates of productivity based on the composition of fossil diatom floras with organic carbon burial off Oregon in the Northeast Pacific across a large climatic transition at the last glacial termination. Although estimated primary productivity was highest during the Last Glacial Maximum, carbon burial was lowest, reflecting reduced preservation linked to low sedimentation rates. A diatom size index further points to a glacial decrease (and deglacial increase) in the fraction of fixed carbon that was exported, inferred to reflect expansion, and contraction, of subpolar ecosystems that today favor smaller plankton. Thus, in contrast to models that link remineralization of carbon to temperature, in the Northeast Pacific, we find dominant ecosystem and sea floor control such that intervals of warming climate had more efficient carbon export and higher carbon burial despite falling primary productivity.
description: Surface and downcore diatom assemblage data from cores in the Northeast Pacific off Oregon,  and estimation of Primary Production Export using Diatom based Tranfer Functions.
DOI: 10.25921/ekmy-6k83
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Plio-Pleistocene Alkenone concentration data from the Atlantic Ocean

description: Marine biological export productivity declined in high-latitude regions in the North Pacific and Southern Ocean 2.7 million years ago, in parallel with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Here, we present data from the North Atlantic, which show a similar but time-transgressive pattern of high-latitude productivity decline from 3.3 to 2.5 Ma, with productivity decreasing first at 69°N, hundreds of thousands of years before it declined at 58°N. We propose that the cumulative data are best explained by an equatorward migration of the westerly winds, which caused a southward shift in the zone of Ekman divergence and upwelling-associated major nutrient supply over this time interval. We suggest that a similar equatorward migration of the westerly winds may also help explain the productivity changes observed in other high latitude regions, particularly the Southern Ocean. At 2.7 Ma, equatorial and temperate Atlantic sites began to show orbitally paced productivity pulses, consistent with a shoaling and meridional contraction of the nutrient-poor “warm sphere” that characterizes the low latitude upper ocean. This timing coincides with observed productivity changes in Southern Ocean, consistent with previous findings that the Southern Ocean exerts a strong influence on the fertility of the low latitude Atlantic. Finally, we propose that the unique basin geometry of the North Atlantic caused deep water formation in this region to remain relatively stable despite equatorward migration of winds and ocean fronts.
description: Plio-Pleistocene paleoproductivity reconstruction.
    Provided Keywords: paleoproductivity, alkenones, opal, North Atlantic, Pliocene, Pleistocene
DOI: 10.25921/ew1t-8087
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Hemisphere hydroclimatic variability over the past twelve centuries

description: Accurate modelling and prediction of the local to continental-scale hydroclimate response to global warming is essential given the strong impact of hydroclimate on ecosystem functioning, crop yields, water resources, and economic security. However, uncertainty in hydroclimate projections remains large, in part due to the short length of instrumental measurements available with which to assess climate models. Here we present a spatial reconstruction of hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries across the Northern Hemisphere derived from a network of 196 at least millennium-long proxy records. We use this reconstruction to place recent hydrological changes and future precipitation scenarios in a long-term context of spatially resolved and temporally persistent hydroclimate patterns. We find a larger percentage of land area with relatively wetter conditions in the ninth to eleventh and the twentieth centuries, whereas drier conditions are more widespread between the twelfth and nineteenth centuries. Our reconstruction reveals that prominent seesaw patterns of alternating moisture regimes observed in instrumental data across the Mediterranean, western USA, and China have operated consistently over the past twelve centuries. Using an updated compilation of 128 temperature proxy records, we assess the relationship between the reconstructed centennial-scale Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate and temperature variability. Even though dry and wet conditions occurred over extensive areas under both warm and cold climate regimes, a statistically significant co-variability of hydroclimate and temperature is evident for particular regions. We compare the reconstructed hydroclimate anomalies with coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model simulations and find reasonable agreement during pre-industrial times. However, the intensification of the twentieth-century-mean hydroclimate anomalies in the simulations, as compared to previous centuries, is not supported by our new multi-proxy reconstruction. This finding suggests that much work remains before we can model hydroclimate variability accurately, and highlights the importance of using palaeoclimate data to place recent and predicted hydroclimate changes in a millennium-long context.
description: Comparison of gridded proxy reconstructed and climate model simulated hydroclimate and temperature variability across the Northern Hemisphere over the past twelve centuries.
DOI: 10.25921/etba-0h92
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Schweingruber - Aetna Linguaglossa - PINI - ITRDB ITAL013

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2019-01-08. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.