DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b6z
title: Data from: Mosaic evolution of the skull in labrid fishes involves differences in both tempo and mode of morphological change

description: Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an
 important role in structuring patterns of morphological diversification.
 Modularity can facilitate evolutionary changes by allowing subsets of
 traits to coevolve as integrated units and follow quasi-independent
 evolutionary trajectories, a pattern that may be particularly
 consequential in the case of highly complex morphological structures. Here
 we examine modularity in a complex and highly kinetic structure, the
 teleost skull, and ask if a modular organization of the skull has
 influenced the diversification dynamics of the shapes of its osteological
 components across the labrid phylogeny. We compiled one of the largest
 three-dimensional morphological datasets of fishes to date, and used
 geometric morphometrics to quantify patterns of cranial shape evolution
 across 184 species of wrasses (Labridae). We then tested several
 hypotheses of modularity inspired by functional and developmental
 relationships between cranial bones and compared phenotypic rates among
 modules. We also compared the fit of models of trait evolution for the
 entire skull and the various articulated bones that it comprises. Our
 analyses indicated strong support for a two-module hypothesis, one that
 encompasses the oral and pharyngeal jaws, and another module comprised of
 the neurocranium, hyoid apparatus and operculum. This functional
 hypothesis yielded one of the highest significant rate differentials
 across modules, yet we also found that the best-fitting models of trait
 evolution differed among skull bones. These results suggest that
 modularity can influence morphological diversification in complex
 biological structures via differences in both the tempo and mode of
 evolutionary change.
description: This README.txt file was generated on 2023-09-19 by Olivier Larouche
 GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Data from: Mosaic Evolution of
 the Skull in Labrid Fishes Involves Differences in both Tempo and Mode of
 Morphological Change. 2. Author Information Corresponding Investigator
 Name: Dr. Olivier Larouche Institution: Department of Biology and
 Biochemistry, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX, USA,
 77204 Email: olivierlarouche7@gmail.com <br> Co-investigator 1 Name:
 Samantha M. Gartner Institution: Department of Organismal Biology and
 Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, USA,
 60637 <br> Co-investigator 2 Name: Dr. Mark W. Westneat Institution:
 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027
 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, USA, 60637 <br> Co-investigator 3 Name:
 Dr. Kory M. Evans Institution: Department of Biosciences, Rice University,
 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, USA, 77005 3. Recommended citation for this
 dataset: Larouche et al. (2023), Data from: Mosaic Evolution of the Skull
 in Labrid Fishes Involves Differences in both Tempo and Mode of
 Morphological Change, Dryad, Dataset DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1.
 Description of dataset These data were generated to investigate patterns
 of evolutionary integration and modularity across the various bones that
 compose the skull of wrasses (Labridae). The datset includes 197 3D
 landmarks (80 landmarks and 117 sliding semi-landmarks ) positioned across
 the skull of 186 species of wrasses. File List: 2. File 1 Name:
 Wrasse\_final\_LMdata.zip File 1 Description: The zip file includes
 landmark coordinate files for each of the species in the dataset in txt
 formats. 3. File 2 Name: Scripts.zip File 2 Description: R code and
 accessory files that was used to perform the various analyses described in
 Larouche et al (2023). METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION Specimens were scanned
 at the University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories, the University
 of Minnesota, and the University of Chicago in conjunction with the
 #scanAllFishes and #oVert initiatives. Scans were segmented in Amira™
 (Thermo Fisher Scientific 2021) to isolate the skull and remove scales and
 debris. The resulting segmented skulls were then converted to
 three-dimensional mesh files for each species. Meshes were imported in
 Stratovan Checkpoint™ (Stratovan Corporation 2020) and shape variation was
 quantified by digitizing 80 landmarks and 117 sliding semi-landmarks
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Wrasse\_final\_LMdata.zip file 1. Number of
 variables (landmarks): N/A; not applicable 2. Missing data codes: None 3.
 Abbreviations used: N/A; not applicable 4. Other relevant information: The
 Wrasse\_final\_LMdata.zip file contains the raw coordinates in individual
 txt files for 186 species or wrasses DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:
 Scripts.zip 1. Number of variables: N/A; not applicable 2. Missing data
 codes: None 3. Abbreviations used: N/A; not applicable 4. Other relevant
 information: The zip file contains 15 files:
 Wrasse1\_SystBiol\_submission2\_cleaned.R: This is the main R script to
 perform the various analyses described in Larouche et al. (2023). All
 other files included in the zip file are referred to wherever appropriate
 in this main script.