cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280871.v1
title: Pharmaceutical market, environmental public policies and water quality: the case of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

description: Abstract: Water pollution has been an increasing concern for the authorities responsible for planning and executing public policies. In this qualitative research, we have discussed the most sold pharmaceuticals in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil, and compared public policies focused on pharmaceuticals and environmental issues among countries/regions. For that, data provided by Close-Up International related to the sales of medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region between April/2016 and April/2017 were collected and processed to identify and quantify the pharmaceutical products. The 300 most sold medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region fall in 26 therapeutic classes, which include 159 drugs. The most sold pharmaceutical products group is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) representing approximately 44.3% of the total. The ten most sold pharmaceuticals sum up 1200 tons. Dipyrone is the first place in mass representing around 488 tons, followed by metformin with around 310 tons commercialized. Public policies focused on pharmaceuticals in the environment still need adjustments to improve reinforcement, even in developed countries. There is no international standard on how to conduct the issue, each country adopting the public policy that best matches to the local. Brazil, despite having some legislation that approaches the theme, still lacks effective public policies and stakeholder awareness. In this aspect, the need for improvement of the reverse logistics system, consumer orientation to the adequate disposal of unused/expired medicines, and the adoption of the unit-dose system as a therapeutic strategy is evident.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280869.v1
title: Sociocultural pressure: a model of body dissatisfaction for young women

description: Abstract: The aim of the study was to verify the influence of pressure from sociocultural agents on dissatisfaction with face and body in young women mediated by the internalization of the lean and muscular body and to identify the contribution of individual characteristics to this model. A total of 612 university female students participated of study. The students completed the Portuguese versions of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 and of the Body Area Scale-Revised and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A hypothetical model was constructed using structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the variables. The model fit and the significance of the hypothetical paths were verified. The results provide evidence that the greater the pressure of sociocultural agents and the internalization of the lean body, the more women were dissatisfied with body and face appearance. The media contributed to a greater internalization of the muscular body, which reduced the body dissatisfaction. The practice of physical activity and a higher economic level contributed to a greater internalization of the muscular body, which reduced body dissatisfaction. A higher economic level also influenced the internalization of the lean body and increased the dissatisfaction with face and body. A higher body mass index contributed to a greater pressure from sociocultural agents, greater internalization of the lean body, and greater dissatisfaction with body and face. The relationships identified in the model can contribute to the development of strategies aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in the population, such as body acceptance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280875
title: Contradictions in relation to sexual violence in the eyes of adolescents and the disconnect with the law defining “rape of vulnerable individuals”

description: Abstract: Article 217-A of Brazilian Law n. 12,015/2009 defines carnal knowledge or any other libidinous act with an individual under 14 years of age as “rape of a vulnerable individual” (statutory rape). Given the young average age at sexual initiation in current society, the study aimed to understand the adolescents’ views of sexual initiation, sexual assault, and the law that defines sex at this age as “rape of a vulnerable individual”. The authors used a qualitative approach with 13 focus groups totaling 132 secondary students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data analysis used the webQDA software with a hermeneutic-dialectic approach that yielded three categories: feeling ready to initiate sexual activity, (in)vulnerability to sexual assault, and protective mechanisms. Girls associated sexual initiation with a romantic vision and feeling safe with and trusting the partner. Boys associated it with opportunity, regardless of other factors. Most of the students felt that when consent to the sexual act is mutual, regardless of age, there is no violence involved. At the same time, they wondered about the possibility of younger girls’ discernment to consent to having sex. Most of these adolescents disagreed with the protective measures established by the law, arguing that it is the family’s duty to provide this care. The contradictions in the adolescents’ views concerning vulnerability to sexual assault and rape of vulnerable individuals as defined by the law lead us to conclude that it is necessary to expand and improve sex education in general for Brazilian adolescents, besides creating spaces for discussion that can help improve these legal provisions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280873
title: Multimorbidity patterns and functional disability in elderly Brazilians: a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey

description: The presence of multimorbidity patterns has been related to functional disability in basic activities (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which are essential for elder individuals’ self-care and autonomy. The study thus aimed to estimate the association between multimorbidity patterns and presence of functional disability in elderly Brazilians. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013) in a sample of elderly Brazilians (≥ 60 years). The measures of functional disability were from self-completed questionnaires, categorized in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The multimorbidity patterns analyzed here were: (1) cardiorespiratory; (2) vascular-metabolic; and (3) mental-musculoskeletal. The adjustment variables included age, sex, schooling, and region of Brazil. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with Stata 16.0. Elderly individuals classified in the mental-musculoskeletal patterns showed the highest odds of disability in BADLs (OR = 2.72; 95%CI: 2.33; 3.18), while those with the cardiopulmonary pattern showed the highest odds of disability in IADLs (OR = 2.65; 95%CI: 1.95; 3.60), compared to those without the same patterns. All the multimorbidity patterns analyzed here were associated with disability in BADLs and IADLs and should thus be considered when planning measures to prevent disabilities in elderly individuals with multimorbidity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280873.v1
title: Multimorbidity patterns and functional disability in elderly Brazilians: a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey

description: The presence of multimorbidity patterns has been related to functional disability in basic activities (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which are essential for elder individuals’ self-care and autonomy. The study thus aimed to estimate the association between multimorbidity patterns and presence of functional disability in elderly Brazilians. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013) in a sample of elderly Brazilians (≥ 60 years). The measures of functional disability were from self-completed questionnaires, categorized in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The multimorbidity patterns analyzed here were: (1) cardiorespiratory; (2) vascular-metabolic; and (3) mental-musculoskeletal. The adjustment variables included age, sex, schooling, and region of Brazil. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with Stata 16.0. Elderly individuals classified in the mental-musculoskeletal patterns showed the highest odds of disability in BADLs (OR = 2.72; 95%CI: 2.33; 3.18), while those with the cardiopulmonary pattern showed the highest odds of disability in IADLs (OR = 2.65; 95%CI: 1.95; 3.60), compared to those without the same patterns. All the multimorbidity patterns analyzed here were associated with disability in BADLs and IADLs and should thus be considered when planning measures to prevent disabilities in elderly individuals with multimorbidity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280875.v1
title: Contradictions in relation to sexual violence in the eyes of adolescents and the disconnect with the law defining “rape of vulnerable individuals”

description: Abstract: Article 217-A of Brazilian Law n. 12,015/2009 defines carnal knowledge or any other libidinous act with an individual under 14 years of age as “rape of a vulnerable individual” (statutory rape). Given the young average age at sexual initiation in current society, the study aimed to understand the adolescents’ views of sexual initiation, sexual assault, and the law that defines sex at this age as “rape of a vulnerable individual”. The authors used a qualitative approach with 13 focus groups totaling 132 secondary students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data analysis used the webQDA software with a hermeneutic-dialectic approach that yielded three categories: feeling ready to initiate sexual activity, (in)vulnerability to sexual assault, and protective mechanisms. Girls associated sexual initiation with a romantic vision and feeling safe with and trusting the partner. Boys associated it with opportunity, regardless of other factors. Most of the students felt that when consent to the sexual act is mutual, regardless of age, there is no violence involved. At the same time, they wondered about the possibility of younger girls’ discernment to consent to having sex. Most of these adolescents disagreed with the protective measures established by the law, arguing that it is the family’s duty to provide this care. The contradictions in the adolescents’ views concerning vulnerability to sexual assault and rape of vulnerable individuals as defined by the law lead us to conclude that it is necessary to expand and improve sex education in general for Brazilian adolescents, besides creating spaces for discussion that can help improve these legal provisions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280876.v1
title: The cost to the Brazilian Unified National Health System of the extension of drug patent terms

description: Abstract: The sole paragraph of Article 40 of the Brazilian Industrial Property Law determines the extension of the patent term in case of delayed prosecution, guaranteeing 10 years of protection from grant. Originally conceived as an exception, this provision became the rule in the case of drug patents, prolonging period of exclusive exploitation. This situation impacts both the out-of-pocket spending by families and the budget of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). This study explores the cost to SUS of extending the patent term for nine drugs, which delays the launch of generic or biosimilar alternatives. Three groups were analyzed: (a) four patents already extended; (b) three that will be extended if granted; and (c) two drugs with mailbox patents that are in the public domain, but that may have the extension granted by court order. Based on the unit values and the total amounts of purchases by the Logistics Department of the Ministry of Health (DLOG), a total expenditure of BRL 10.6 billion on the nine drugs from 2014 to 2018 was estimated. The total projected expenditure for the respective extension periods was thus BRL 6.8 billion. A market price search for generic alternatives yielded potential savings of BRL 1.2 billion in expenditures by DLOG on four drugs alone. Finally, based on the minimum, average, and maximum market price reductions, potential savings of up to BRL 3.9 billion were estimated for DLOG on the purchase of the nine medicines, if the patent terms were not extended.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280879
title: Profile of antineoplastic medication among indigenous people treated in the Brazilian Unified National Health System

description: Abstract: Brazil has an estimated 900,000 indigenous people (0.4% of the country’s population), belonging to more than 300 different ethnic groups. However, information is scarce on cancer epidemiology and the antineoplastic drugs used in treatment of these individuals. The study’s objectives are to identify the antineoplastic drugs used and to describe the profile of use of these drugs in the indigenous population treated in Brazil, as well as to describe the patients’ epidemiological profile. An ecological study was performed involving outpatient chemotherapy care from January 2014 to December 2018 throughout Brazil. The data source was the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department, considering only Authorizations for High-Complexity Chemotherapy Procedures. We identified 2,425 authorizations for chemotherapy procedures for treatment of indigenous patients. Of these, 2,292 authorizations for a total of 210 individuals were analyzed. We found an increase in the number of authorizations and of indigenous persons receiving chemotherapy over the period, with a higher concentration of individuals living in and receiving treatment in the South of Brazil, plus a wide diversity in the types of diagnosed tumors (n = 63) and of treatment regimen used during the treatment (n = 107). The current study provided a new overview of the epidemiological profile of indigenous patients receiving chemotherapy in the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The findings help fill a current knowledge gap on indigenous people’s health in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280876
title: The cost to the Brazilian Unified National Health System of the extension of drug patent terms

description: Abstract: The sole paragraph of Article 40 of the Brazilian Industrial Property Law determines the extension of the patent term in case of delayed prosecution, guaranteeing 10 years of protection from grant. Originally conceived as an exception, this provision became the rule in the case of drug patents, prolonging period of exclusive exploitation. This situation impacts both the out-of-pocket spending by families and the budget of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). This study explores the cost to SUS of extending the patent term for nine drugs, which delays the launch of generic or biosimilar alternatives. Three groups were analyzed: (a) four patents already extended; (b) three that will be extended if granted; and (c) two drugs with mailbox patents that are in the public domain, but that may have the extension granted by court order. Based on the unit values and the total amounts of purchases by the Logistics Department of the Ministry of Health (DLOG), a total expenditure of BRL 10.6 billion on the nine drugs from 2014 to 2018 was estimated. The total projected expenditure for the respective extension periods was thus BRL 6.8 billion. A market price search for generic alternatives yielded potential savings of BRL 1.2 billion in expenditures by DLOG on four drugs alone. Finally, based on the minimum, average, and maximum market price reductions, potential savings of up to BRL 3.9 billion were estimated for DLOG on the purchase of the nine medicines, if the patent terms were not extended.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280882
title: Occupational exposures and health-related quality of life in the Manaus Metropolitan Region, Amazonas State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

description: Abstract: We aimed to investigate the association between occupational exposures and health-related quality of life among both informal and formal workers in the Brazilian Amazon. We conducted a cross-sectional study with working adults in the Manaus Metropolitan Region, Amazonas State, in 2015. Participants were selected through a three-step probabilistic sampling. The primary outcome was the health-related quality of life indicator, measured by the Brazilian validated version of the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 3-Levels (EQ-5D-3L) tool. Adjusted multivariate analysis was performed by Tobit regression and considered the complex sampling design. Results were converted to odds ratio (OR). Out of the 1,910 working individuals from the sample, 60.2% were formal workers. Informal workers were significantly more exposed to occupational risks than formal workers (p ≤ 0.05). Mean utility score for informal and formal workers was 0.886 (95%CI: 0.881; 0.890). Quality of life of informal workers was negatively impacted by exposure to noise (OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.13; 1.52), occupational stress (OR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.65; 2.21), and industrial dust (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.72), while formal workers were negatively associated with exposure to chemical substances (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.87), noise (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.23; 1.65), sun (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.09; 1.40), occupational stress (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.46; 1.87), biological material (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.72; 3.97), and industrial dust (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.65). Exposure to occupational risks among workers from the Manaus Metropolitan Region was high, affecting both informal and formal workers. Brazilian policies need to be enforced to reduce the impacts on quality of life among workers in this region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280879.v1
title: Profile of antineoplastic medication among indigenous people treated in the Brazilian Unified National Health System

description: Abstract: Brazil has an estimated 900,000 indigenous people (0.4% of the country’s population), belonging to more than 300 different ethnic groups. However, information is scarce on cancer epidemiology and the antineoplastic drugs used in treatment of these individuals. The study’s objectives are to identify the antineoplastic drugs used and to describe the profile of use of these drugs in the indigenous population treated in Brazil, as well as to describe the patients’ epidemiological profile. An ecological study was performed involving outpatient chemotherapy care from January 2014 to December 2018 throughout Brazil. The data source was the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department, considering only Authorizations for High-Complexity Chemotherapy Procedures. We identified 2,425 authorizations for chemotherapy procedures for treatment of indigenous patients. Of these, 2,292 authorizations for a total of 210 individuals were analyzed. We found an increase in the number of authorizations and of indigenous persons receiving chemotherapy over the period, with a higher concentration of individuals living in and receiving treatment in the South of Brazil, plus a wide diversity in the types of diagnosed tumors (n = 63) and of treatment regimen used during the treatment (n = 107). The current study provided a new overview of the epidemiological profile of indigenous patients receiving chemotherapy in the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The findings help fill a current knowledge gap on indigenous people’s health in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280878
title: The first hundred days of COVID-19 in Pernambuco State, Brazil: epidemiology in historical context

description: Abstract: The timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic began on December 31, 2019, in China, with SARS-CoV-2 identified as the etiological agent. This article aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemic’s spatial and temporal dynamics in the first hundred days in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. We present the evolution in cases and deaths according to epidemiological weeks. We analyzed the series of accumulated daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, with projections for the subsequent 15 days, using the JoinPoint app. This software allows identifying turning points, testing their statistical significance. We also analyze the trend in the spread of COVID-19 to the interior of the state, considering the percent distribution of cases in the state capital, Recife, municipalities in Greater Metropolitan Recife, and the state’s interior, by sets of three weeks, constructing thematic maps. The first hundred days of the COVID-19 epidemic resulted in 52,213 cases and 4,235 deaths from March 12, or epidemiological week 11, until June 20, 2020 (epidemiological week 25). The peak in the epidemic curve occurred in epidemiological week 21 (May 23), followed by deceleration in the number of cases. We initially detected the spread of cases from the city center to the periphery of the state capital and Metropolitan Area, followed by rapid spread to the state’s interior. There was a decrease in the mean daily growth starting in April, but with an average threshold of more than 6,000 weekly cases of COVID-19. At the end of the period, the state’s case series indicates the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and community transmission. Finally, paraphrasing Gabriel Garcia Marques in One Hundred Years of Solitude, we ask whether we are facing “a pause in the storm or a sign of redoubled rain”.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280882.v1
title: Occupational exposures and health-related quality of life in the Manaus Metropolitan Region, Amazonas State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

description: Abstract: We aimed to investigate the association between occupational exposures and health-related quality of life among both informal and formal workers in the Brazilian Amazon. We conducted a cross-sectional study with working adults in the Manaus Metropolitan Region, Amazonas State, in 2015. Participants were selected through a three-step probabilistic sampling. The primary outcome was the health-related quality of life indicator, measured by the Brazilian validated version of the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 3-Levels (EQ-5D-3L) tool. Adjusted multivariate analysis was performed by Tobit regression and considered the complex sampling design. Results were converted to odds ratio (OR). Out of the 1,910 working individuals from the sample, 60.2% were formal workers. Informal workers were significantly more exposed to occupational risks than formal workers (p ≤ 0.05). Mean utility score for informal and formal workers was 0.886 (95%CI: 0.881; 0.890). Quality of life of informal workers was negatively impacted by exposure to noise (OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.13; 1.52), occupational stress (OR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.65; 2.21), and industrial dust (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.72), while formal workers were negatively associated with exposure to chemical substances (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.87), noise (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.23; 1.65), sun (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.09; 1.40), occupational stress (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.46; 1.87), biological material (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.72; 3.97), and industrial dust (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.65). Exposure to occupational risks among workers from the Manaus Metropolitan Region was high, affecting both informal and formal workers. Brazilian policies need to be enforced to reduce the impacts on quality of life among workers in this region.