cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279624.v1
title: FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES AS ECOLOGICAL PREDICTORS DURING SECONDARY SUCCESSION IN A SEASONAL DECIDUOUS FOREST IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT Through the variation of the functional attributes, it is possible to verify the functioning of an ecosystem, both by the species organization as by their responses to the environmental variations. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the ecological strategies of the main tree species by analyzing their functional attributes. PCoA was used to verify which species are acquisitive and conservative; clustering was used to verify the functional attributes by groups; the Pearson’s correlation between the functional attributes and a CWM-RDA analysis was used to verify the environmental variables. Most species were classified as light-demanding climax and having zoochoric dispersion. The species presented phenotypic plasticity as an important ecological strategy in the composition of their functional attributes, especially when related to leaf area and specific leaf area. Most of the species belonged to the acquisitive group. The acquisitive and conservative groups indicate the resilience potential of the tree community and the change processes in ecological succession. There was a strong negative correlation between the leaf attributes, and a positive one with diameter and height, both correlations related to plant growth and development. Of the environmental variables only pH, K, and average elevation, were related to the attributes, indicating that environmental conditions are important for the establishment of the sampled species. Also, it was found that the species composition is linked to several conditions of ecological strategies associated with changes in the environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279622.v1
title: In vitro ESTABLISHMENT OF Eucalyptus AND Corymbia SPECIES FROM EPICORMIC SHOOTS

description: ABSTRACT The importance of Eucalyptus and Corymbia has been evident in forestry programs, mainly due to their adaptation to various environmental conditions and the multiple products that can be obtained. As the selection and cloning of superior individuals are usually performed in adulthood, the development and adaptation of the vegetative propagation techniques that enable the rescue and in vitro establishment of species are necessary. Thus, the present study aimed to induce epicormic shoots from pruned branches of adult trees and to promote the in vitro establishment of nine species: six of Eucalyptus and three of Corymbia. The material used to obtain the explants came from the selection of two 44-year-old mother plants of each species, from species, and provenance tests. The number of buds and shoots of each branch was evaluated at 15, 25, 35, and 45 days after the beginning of the experiment in a greenhouse. According to the results, the induction of epicormic shoots from pruned branches was considered a viable and efficient technique to obtain propagule sources from adult mother plants of all species, presenting a gradual increase in the evaluated characteristics over time. Also, in vitro culture is an effective alternative to improve the propagation of the evaluated species, with an establishment of up to 62.5%. However, for Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S Johnson and Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith it is necessary to develop further studies to enable the in vitro establishment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279624
title: FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES AS ECOLOGICAL PREDICTORS DURING SECONDARY SUCCESSION IN A SEASONAL DECIDUOUS FOREST IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT Through the variation of the functional attributes, it is possible to verify the functioning of an ecosystem, both by the species organization as by their responses to the environmental variations. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the ecological strategies of the main tree species by analyzing their functional attributes. PCoA was used to verify which species are acquisitive and conservative; clustering was used to verify the functional attributes by groups; the Pearson’s correlation between the functional attributes and a CWM-RDA analysis was used to verify the environmental variables. Most species were classified as light-demanding climax and having zoochoric dispersion. The species presented phenotypic plasticity as an important ecological strategy in the composition of their functional attributes, especially when related to leaf area and specific leaf area. Most of the species belonged to the acquisitive group. The acquisitive and conservative groups indicate the resilience potential of the tree community and the change processes in ecological succession. There was a strong negative correlation between the leaf attributes, and a positive one with diameter and height, both correlations related to plant growth and development. Of the environmental variables only pH, K, and average elevation, were related to the attributes, indicating that environmental conditions are important for the establishment of the sampled species. Also, it was found that the species composition is linked to several conditions of ecological strategies associated with changes in the environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279626
title: ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANIZED FOREST IMPLEMENTATION

description: ABSTRACT Mechanization in forestry implantation demands high energy, time, and high operational and production costs. Thus, studies related to the influence of variables on the efficiency of these activities are essential to reduce costs and optimize operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational and cost performance of mechanized forest implantation operations in Eucalyptus sp. Data were collected from eucalyptus plantations located in the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The analysis of operational performance determined the distribution of operating times, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency, and productivity of the machines. The cost analysis estimated the operating costs in forestry implantation activities. The forest planting operations were: waste removal, subsoiling, digging with fertilization, planting, chemical weeding, and covering fertilization. According to the results, planting (39.20%) and waste removal (15.99%) represented the longest operating cycle times, the shortest production times (51.48% and 53.64%), and finally the longest maintenance times (32.95% and 29%). Chemical weeding and subsoiling showed the lowest maintenance times (4.64% and 3.47%). The cover fertilization was the operation that presented the highest productivity (2.99 ha he-1), and the removal of residues had the lowest (0.97 ha he-1). The highest costs per effective hour (R$13.57 he-1) and lowest production costs (R$81.59 ha-1) occurred at planting. Subsoiling had the highest production cost (R$112.80 ha-1). The lowest operating cost was obtained in the fertilizing operation. Operating costs had the greatest weight in labor, fuel, and maintenance and repairs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279631
title: EFFICIENCY OF ANDIROBA, COPAIBA AND JATROPHA OILS TO IMPROVE THE RESISTANCE OF Pinus elliottii WOOD TO WOOD-DECAY FUNGI

description: ABSTRACT Non-renewable chemical products are still the most used for wood protection, however, they have negative aspects. Several problems associated with the extensive use of these substances have been reported, such as intoxication of animals and plants, and environmental contamination. This has led to a search for alternative methods of control that cause less impact on the environment. In this context, the use of natural products extracted from different plants can be an alternative to this industrial activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of andiroba, copaiba and jatropha oils, either pure or enriched with iodine (I2), to improve the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to wood-decay fungi causing brown, white and soft rot. The andiroba and copaiba oils came from the state of Pará and the jatropha oil came from Paraíba. Thus, we performed resistance tests to accelerated decay (brown and white rot fungi) and soft rot tests in the laboratory. We used pure natural oils and those enriched with sublimated iodine in assessing efficiency. In turn, we evaluated the effects of volatilization and leaching on the efficiency of solutions against decaying fungi. Pure andiroba and jatropha oils were the least efficient in controlling the Trametes versicolor fungus in the accelerated decay biological assay. Moreover, the wood treated with pure copaiba oil (normal situation) was classified as non-resistant for controlling Postia placenta fungus. In the soft rot test, we observed that there was a tendency to improve the wood resistance (normal situation) with an increase in the iodine concentration (I2).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279633
title: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN YOUNG PLANTS OF Cordia trichotoma SUBMITTED TO THE APPLICATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE SOIL

description: ABSTRACT The application of phosphorus (P) doses in the soil can increase the growth of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the morphological and the physiological parameters in C. trichotoma seedlings, cultivated in soil with increased P content. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in pots with 2.5 dm-3 of soil, four doses of P (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg dm-3), and six replicates. P content in the soil, P concentrations in the leaves, morphological attributes (height, stem diameter, aerial dry matter, root dry matter, and leaf area) and physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll α fluorescence) were determined 180 days after transplantation. The increase in the available P content in the soil allowed greater absorption of this element by the plant’s roots, increasing the concentration in the leaves, and therefore favoring the energetic metabolism of the plants. In addition, the higher influx and accumulation of P in the plant when 450 mg dm-3 was used, increased the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments and increased the photosynthetic capacity of the C. trichotoma seedlings. The highest use of the light energy by photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76) was observed in the seedlings cultivated with 450 mg dm-3 of P, with a 95% increase when compared to seedlings without P. Thus, we observed that this tree species is demanding and responsive to the higher P content available in the soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279614
title: HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ, EWALD HERING AND COLOR VISION: A CONTROVERSY OVER STYLES OF REASONING?

description: Abstract During the second half of the 19th century, in the field of physiological optics, there was a strong controversy between Hermann von Helmholtz and Ewald Hering. This controversy has been usually characterized as “empiricism” vs. “nativism”. In the field of physiology of visual perception, several subjects demanded attention, among them, color vision. Helmholtz and Hering suggested different theories for the physiological correlate of color sensation and different color spaces to give an account of the relationships between colors. In this article, I will argue that the controversy between the two authors could be understood as differences between styles of reasoning, and these different styles express different presuppositions. More specifically, I want to suggest that the disagreements could be linked to the discussions on how vital phenomena should be studied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279626.v1
title: ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANIZED FOREST IMPLEMENTATION

description: ABSTRACT Mechanization in forestry implantation demands high energy, time, and high operational and production costs. Thus, studies related to the influence of variables on the efficiency of these activities are essential to reduce costs and optimize operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational and cost performance of mechanized forest implantation operations in Eucalyptus sp. Data were collected from eucalyptus plantations located in the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The analysis of operational performance determined the distribution of operating times, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency, and productivity of the machines. The cost analysis estimated the operating costs in forestry implantation activities. The forest planting operations were: waste removal, subsoiling, digging with fertilization, planting, chemical weeding, and covering fertilization. According to the results, planting (39.20%) and waste removal (15.99%) represented the longest operating cycle times, the shortest production times (51.48% and 53.64%), and finally the longest maintenance times (32.95% and 29%). Chemical weeding and subsoiling showed the lowest maintenance times (4.64% and 3.47%). The cover fertilization was the operation that presented the highest productivity (2.99 ha he-1), and the removal of residues had the lowest (0.97 ha he-1). The highest costs per effective hour (R$13.57 he-1) and lowest production costs (R$81.59 ha-1) occurred at planting. Subsoiling had the highest production cost (R$112.80 ha-1). The lowest operating cost was obtained in the fertilizing operation. Operating costs had the greatest weight in labor, fuel, and maintenance and repairs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279629
title: INDICATOR FOR URGENCY ASSESSMENT IN ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION OF WOOD HARVESTING MACHINES

description: ABSTRACT Many studies on ergonomics in forestry operations are punctual and assess ergonomic variables in isolation, with each result being obtained on a specific scale. Thus, the objective of this study was to improve an ergonomic indicator through a classification according to the urgency of the ergonomic intervention, to improve its practicality of application in forest harvesting machines. This research was carried out in planted forests of a company in Southern Brazil, and based on ergonomic evaluations of a feller buncher, a skidder, a forest processor, harvesters, and forwarder machines during the day and night shifts. Vibration, noise, heat, illumination, repeatability, postures, and visibility angles were measured. The results of the ergonomic assessments were standardized by adapting the ergonomic Degree of Compliance (V) method calculated with the legislation norms, having a value between 0 and 1, and the higher the value, the greater the compliance with effective norms and guidelines. It was proposed to classify the degree of ergonomic urgency in different colors. The skidder showed the worst degrees of compliance, requiring emergency corrective measures, with an emphasis on vibrations (V 0.0 and 0.1), noise (V 0.2) and visibility in the lateral plane (V 0.0) in both shifts worked due to shocks and bumps in the machine’s movements and visibility difficulty in the operation, in addition to illumination (V 0.6) at night and heat (V 0.8) in the daytime. The forestry processor showed the best ergonomic performance without any urgencies but emphasizing care with noise (V 0.7 and 0.8) and the daily dose of vibration (V 0.8 and 0.7) in both shifts. The classification by a color scale made it possible to better interpret the indicators and facilitate the practical application of corrective ergonomic interventions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279631.v1
title: EFFICIENCY OF ANDIROBA, COPAIBA AND JATROPHA OILS TO IMPROVE THE RESISTANCE OF Pinus elliottii WOOD TO WOOD-DECAY FUNGI

description: ABSTRACT Non-renewable chemical products are still the most used for wood protection, however, they have negative aspects. Several problems associated with the extensive use of these substances have been reported, such as intoxication of animals and plants, and environmental contamination. This has led to a search for alternative methods of control that cause less impact on the environment. In this context, the use of natural products extracted from different plants can be an alternative to this industrial activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of andiroba, copaiba and jatropha oils, either pure or enriched with iodine (I2), to improve the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to wood-decay fungi causing brown, white and soft rot. The andiroba and copaiba oils came from the state of Pará and the jatropha oil came from Paraíba. Thus, we performed resistance tests to accelerated decay (brown and white rot fungi) and soft rot tests in the laboratory. We used pure natural oils and those enriched with sublimated iodine in assessing efficiency. In turn, we evaluated the effects of volatilization and leaching on the efficiency of solutions against decaying fungi. Pure andiroba and jatropha oils were the least efficient in controlling the Trametes versicolor fungus in the accelerated decay biological assay. Moreover, the wood treated with pure copaiba oil (normal situation) was classified as non-resistant for controlling Postia placenta fungus. In the soft rot test, we observed that there was a tendency to improve the wood resistance (normal situation) with an increase in the iodine concentration (I2).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279632
title: SELECTION OF EUCALYPT CLONES WITH HIGHER STABILITY IN PULP YIELD

description: ABSTRACT Forest exploitation is conducted in thousands of hectares in Brazil and presents a wide variation in environmental conditions in terms of soil, climate and even management, so identifying clones that may be recommended for these various conditions is a major challenge. In this recommendation, one important character is the mean annual increment in cellulose (MAICEL). This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of different clones and environments for MAICEL in order to verify whether the origin of clone selection affects their performance in other regions and to identify clones based on adaptability. MAICEL data were used for the evaluation of clones from Suzano S.A. in five environments distributed in the states of Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso do Sul. Clonal tests were arranged in a randomized block design with plots of one plant. Data on MAICEL of the trees at five years were submitted to analysis of variance per environment and, subsequently, to the joint analysis. The clones x environments interaction was expressive for MAICEL, however, the origin of selection does not affect the performance of clones when grown in other regions. Some clones stood out for their adaptability, allowing more security to the company on the recommendation for different environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279633.v1
title: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN YOUNG PLANTS OF Cordia trichotoma SUBMITTED TO THE APPLICATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE SOIL

description: ABSTRACT The application of phosphorus (P) doses in the soil can increase the growth of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the morphological and the physiological parameters in C. trichotoma seedlings, cultivated in soil with increased P content. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in pots with 2.5 dm-3 of soil, four doses of P (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg dm-3), and six replicates. P content in the soil, P concentrations in the leaves, morphological attributes (height, stem diameter, aerial dry matter, root dry matter, and leaf area) and physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll α fluorescence) were determined 180 days after transplantation. The increase in the available P content in the soil allowed greater absorption of this element by the plant’s roots, increasing the concentration in the leaves, and therefore favoring the energetic metabolism of the plants. In addition, the higher influx and accumulation of P in the plant when 450 mg dm-3 was used, increased the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments and increased the photosynthetic capacity of the C. trichotoma seedlings. The highest use of the light energy by photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76) was observed in the seedlings cultivated with 450 mg dm-3 of P, with a 95% increase when compared to seedlings without P. Thus, we observed that this tree species is demanding and responsive to the higher P content available in the soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279632.v1
title: SELECTION OF EUCALYPT CLONES WITH HIGHER STABILITY IN PULP YIELD

description: ABSTRACT Forest exploitation is conducted in thousands of hectares in Brazil and presents a wide variation in environmental conditions in terms of soil, climate and even management, so identifying clones that may be recommended for these various conditions is a major challenge. In this recommendation, one important character is the mean annual increment in cellulose (MAICEL). This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of different clones and environments for MAICEL in order to verify whether the origin of clone selection affects their performance in other regions and to identify clones based on adaptability. MAICEL data were used for the evaluation of clones from Suzano S.A. in five environments distributed in the states of Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso do Sul. Clonal tests were arranged in a randomized block design with plots of one plant. Data on MAICEL of the trees at five years were submitted to analysis of variance per environment and, subsequently, to the joint analysis. The clones x environments interaction was expressive for MAICEL, however, the origin of selection does not affect the performance of clones when grown in other regions. Some clones stood out for their adaptability, allowing more security to the company on the recommendation for different environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279636
title: EFFECTIVENESS OF WATER-RETAINING POLYMER AS FIRE RETARDANT IN INDIRECT USE

description: ABSTRACT The use of fire retardants increases efficiency in fighting forest fires, however, it still presents uncertainties regarding environmental contamination, recommendations for preparation, and it lack of regulation in Brazil. In this scenario, alternative products such as water-retaining polymers, that can reduce the rapid evaporation of water, can also have positive effects in terms of reducing fire behavior. Efficiency and ways of using the water-retaining polymer as a short-duration fire retardant (indirect combat) in controlled burns in eucalyptus plantations were evaluated. Five concentrations (dilution in water), three volumes of spray solution, and two post-application times on the combustible material available in the area were evaluated. Controlled burns were conducted downwind, between 10 am and 2 pm, during dry season in the region, with micrometeorological and fire behavior assessments (fire propagation speed and length of flames). Increased spray volume and concentration of water-retaining polymer led to reductions in the spread of fire. In eucalyptus combustible material, the water-retaining polymer can be used as a fire retardant of short duration (effective up to two hours after application), considering a spray volume of 2.0 L m-2 and concentration of 0.0060% (diluted in water).