cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29958044
title: Warm-Rain Precipitation

description: (1) The RAR file named “vertical_profiles_of_polarimetric_variables” contains 9 .npy files generated using Python’s NumPy library. These files are described as follows:“warm_rain_vertical_profile_of_XX.npy”, where XX represents ZH, ZDR, or KDP. These three files contain all vertical profiles of ZH, ZDR, and KDP from warm rain events. The data are derived from radar volume scans during the warm seasons (March to September) of 2022 and 2023 when warm rain characteristics were detected.After excluding warm rain events, the remaining precipitation cases are classified as either stratiform or convective. The vertical profiles of polarimetric variables from all radar volume scans for these cases are stored in:“stratiform_precipitation_vertical_profile_of_XX.npy”“convective_precipitation_vertical_profile_of_XX.npy”(2) The RAR file named “vertical_distances_of_storm_top_freezing_level” contains 4 .npy files, which represent the vertical distances between the storm top and the freezing level for the following categories:Warm rain separated from convective precipitation (convection_warm_rain.npy)Warm rain separated from stratiform precipitation (stratiform_warm_rain.npy)Convective precipitation (convective.npy)Stratiform precipitation (stratiform.npy)Similarly, the RAR file named “vertical_distances_of_echo_top_freezing_level” contains analogous data, but represents vertical distances between the echo top and the freezing level.(3) The RAR file named “Typhoon Doksuri (2305)” contains the evolution of vertical profiles of polarimetric variables within warm rain areas. The files are named “Time_height_cross_section_of_XX.npy”, where XX denotes ZH, ZDR, or KDP. Additionally, four other files contain time-series data of parameters derived from an in situ disdrometer, named “Evolution_of_XX_from_disdrometer.npy”, with XX representing Dm, Nw, Z, or rainfall rate.The RAR file named “Typhoon Haikui (2311)” contains identical data but pertains to Typhoon Haikui (2311).(4) The RAR file named “microphysical_difference_of_cases_in_quadrant_I_and_IV_in_KR_parameter_space” contains 5 .txt files. These include:Average DSDs, Dm, and log₁₀Nw for cases in quadrants I and IV of the KR parameter space, derived from disdrometer data.Hourly rainfall observations from automatic weather stations for cases in quadrants I and IV of the KR parameter space.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29958044.v1
title: Warm-Rain Precipitation

description: (1) The RAR file named “vertical_profiles_of_polarimetric_variables” contains 9 .npy files generated using Python’s NumPy library. These files are described as follows:“warm_rain_vertical_profile_of_XX.npy”, where XX represents ZH, ZDR, or KDP. These three files contain all vertical profiles of ZH, ZDR, and KDP from warm rain events. The data are derived from radar volume scans during the warm seasons (March to September) of 2022 and 2023 when warm rain characteristics were detected.After excluding warm rain events, the remaining precipitation cases are classified as either stratiform or convective. The vertical profiles of polarimetric variables from all radar volume scans for these cases are stored in:“stratiform_precipitation_vertical_profile_of_XX.npy”“convective_precipitation_vertical_profile_of_XX.npy”(2) The RAR file named “vertical_distances_of_storm_top_freezing_level” contains 4 .npy files, which represent the vertical distances between the storm top and the freezing level for the following categories:Warm rain separated from convective precipitation (convection_warm_rain.npy)Warm rain separated from stratiform precipitation (stratiform_warm_rain.npy)Convective precipitation (convective.npy)Stratiform precipitation (stratiform.npy)Similarly, the RAR file named “vertical_distances_of_echo_top_freezing_level” contains analogous data, but represents vertical distances between the echo top and the freezing level.(3) The RAR file named “Typhoon Doksuri (2305)” contains the evolution of vertical profiles of polarimetric variables within warm rain areas. The files are named “Time_height_cross_section_of_XX.npy”, where XX denotes ZH, ZDR, or KDP. Additionally, four other files contain time-series data of parameters derived from an in situ disdrometer, named “Evolution_of_XX_from_disdrometer.npy”, with XX representing Dm, Nw, Z, or rainfall rate.The RAR file named “Typhoon Haikui (2311)” contains identical data but pertains to Typhoon Haikui (2311).(4) The RAR file named “microphysical_difference_of_cases_in_quadrant_I_and_IV_in_KR_parameter_space” contains 5 .txt files. These include:Average DSDs, Dm, and log₁₀Nw for cases in quadrants I and IV of the KR parameter space, derived from disdrometer data.Hourly rainfall observations from automatic weather stations for cases in quadrants I and IV of the KR parameter space.<br>
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7puwtj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Siganus rivulatus",
 "Country is Libya",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031200-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16925122
title: Distribution of biocrusts under the canopy of vascular plants in the Loess Plateau of China and random forest prediction

description: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are important for maintaining the health and stability of dryland ecosystems. The distribution and rapid measurement of cover are practical issues that are worth exploring. However, it is difficult to rapidly measure the cover of underlying biocrusts because of the shelter provided by the plant canopy. This study conducted field surveys across five regions in the Loess Plateau, spanning aridity indices of 2.05-13.36, quantifying canopy traits for 500 vascular plants representing nine species. We analyzed the distribution patterns of biocrusts beneath vascular plant canopies and investigated the relationship between canopy traits and biocrusts. Subsequently, a random forest (RF) model was employed to construct prediction models for biocrusts. The results indicated that biocrust coverage was significantly greater under northwest than southeast canopies (p<0.05). The cyanobacteria crust increased from the inner to the outer canopy zone. The biocrust coverage under the canopies of vascular plants increases with an increase in the aridity index. Compared with coniferous plants and arbors, the canopies of broad-leaved plants and shrubs are more conducive to the growth of biocrusts, especially cyanobacteria crust. Canopy area was the key factor affecting biocrusts, with a 0.66 correlation coefficient and 25.33% prediction importance. The RF model performed well in predicting biocrusts based on the canopy traits of vascular plants, with a prediction accuracy of 0.83 and a root mean square error of 0.86 m2. Overall, this study offers a reliable and convenient approach for predicting biocrusts area based on plant canopy traits in dryland ecosystems worldwide.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16925123
title: Distribution of biocrusts under the canopy of vascular plants in the Loess Plateau of China and random forest prediction

description: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are important for maintaining the health and stability of dryland ecosystems. The distribution and rapid measurement of cover are practical issues that are worth exploring. However, it is difficult to rapidly measure the cover of underlying biocrusts because of the shelter provided by the plant canopy. This study conducted field surveys across five regions in the Loess Plateau, spanning aridity indices of 2.05-13.36, quantifying canopy traits for 500 vascular plants representing nine species. We analyzed the distribution patterns of biocrusts beneath vascular plant canopies and investigated the relationship between canopy traits and biocrusts. Subsequently, a random forest (RF) model was employed to construct prediction models for biocrusts. The results indicated that biocrust coverage was significantly greater under northwest than southeast canopies (p<0.05). The cyanobacteria crust increased from the inner to the outer canopy zone. The biocrust coverage under the canopies of vascular plants increases with an increase in the aridity index. Compared with coniferous plants and arbors, the canopies of broad-leaved plants and shrubs are more conducive to the growth of biocrusts, especially cyanobacteria crust. Canopy area was the key factor affecting biocrusts, with a 0.66 correlation coefficient and 25.33% prediction importance. The RF model performed well in predicting biocrusts based on the canopy traits of vascular plants, with a prediction accuracy of 0.83 and a root mean square error of 0.86 m2. Overall, this study offers a reliable and convenient approach for predicting biocrusts area based on plant canopy traits in dryland ecosystems worldwide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29890433
title: Equations and Models.pdf

description: <b>Abstract</b><b>Background</b>Despite plentiful research on the link between corporate governance (CG) and dividend policy, the mediating impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the CG –dividend policy link remains unexplored. This study investigates the mediating impact of CSR on the CG –dividend policy link, and explores the mechanism through which CSR mediates this relationship.<b>Methods</b>Firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are considered as a study sample. The data collection period ranged from 2012 to 2021. The final sample included 15,800 firm-year observations.<b>Results</b>The results findings indicate that firms with strong CG tend to pay low dividends, consistent with the substitution hypothesis, in which dividends and CG act as substitutes for each other. In addition to establishing a direct link between CG and dividend policy, our study significantly contributes to the extant literature by presenting both theoretical proposition and empirical evidence on the mediation effect of CSR in the above-mentioned relationship. We find that CSR mediates the corporate governance- dividend policy relationship, which implies that in comparison to corporate governance, CSR has a more dominating impact on firms’ dividend policy decisions, and better-governed firms are more likely to engage in CSR activities to protect their stakeholders; consequently, they prefer to hold or invest cash instead of paying dividends because CSR engagements lower the cost of equity capital. These findings were corroborated by a set of robustness tests.<b>Conclusions</b>Our results have several implications for firms, regulators, and investors. Firms can use high dividend payouts to compensate for poor investor protection and to maintain good relationships with investors. When making investment decisions, investors are advised to consider socially responsible firms because of their strong CG structure. Finally, policy makers should give special consideration to CSR in order to reduce environmental and social problems and to enhance the related standards to ensure the safety and security of all stakeholders and hence reduce global accusation and pressure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29890433.v1
title: Equations and Models.pdf

description: <b>Abstract</b><b>Background</b>Despite plentiful research on the link between corporate governance (CG) and dividend policy, the mediating impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the CG –dividend policy link remains unexplored. This study investigates the mediating impact of CSR on the CG –dividend policy link, and explores the mechanism through which CSR mediates this relationship.<b>Methods</b>Firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are considered as a study sample. The data collection period ranged from 2012 to 2021. The final sample included 15,800 firm-year observations.<b>Results</b>The results findings indicate that firms with strong CG tend to pay low dividends, consistent with the substitution hypothesis, in which dividends and CG act as substitutes for each other. In addition to establishing a direct link between CG and dividend policy, our study significantly contributes to the extant literature by presenting both theoretical proposition and empirical evidence on the mediation effect of CSR in the above-mentioned relationship. We find that CSR mediates the corporate governance- dividend policy relationship, which implies that in comparison to corporate governance, CSR has a more dominating impact on firms’ dividend policy decisions, and better-governed firms are more likely to engage in CSR activities to protect their stakeholders; consequently, they prefer to hold or invest cash instead of paying dividends because CSR engagements lower the cost of equity capital. These findings were corroborated by a set of robustness tests.<b>Conclusions</b>Our results have several implications for firms, regulators, and investors. Firms can use high dividend payouts to compensate for poor investor protection and to maintain good relationships with investors. When making investment decisions, investors are advised to consider socially responsible firms because of their strong CG structure. Finally, policy makers should give special consideration to CSR in order to reduce environmental and social problems and to enhance the related standards to ensure the safety and security of all stakeholders and hence reduce global accusation and pressure.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2hffy8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5496 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "TaxonKey is Abies firma",
 "TaxonKey is Abies homolepis"
 ]
 },
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5496 records from 124 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031201-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vfv39x
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10957 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Issue is one of (Zero coordinate, Coordinate out of range, Coordinate invalid, Coordinate rounded, Geodetic datum assumed WGS84, Coordinate reprojected, Coordinate reprojection failed, Coordinate reprojection suspicious, Coordinate accuracy invalid, Coordinate precision invalid, Coordinate uncertainty meters invalid, Coordinate precision/uncertainty mismatch, Footprint SRS invalid, Footprint WKT mismatch, Footprint WKT invalid, Country coordinate mismatch, Country mismatch, Country derived from coordinates, Continent coordinate mismatch, Continent country mismatch, Continent derived from country, Continent derived from coordinates, Presumed swapped coordinate, Presumed negated longitude, Presumed negated latitude, Taxon match aggregate, The scientific name ID was not used in backbone matching, The taxon concept ID was not used in backbone matching, The taxon ID was not used in backbone matching, The taxon concept ID was not found in the checklist, The taxon ID was not found in the checklist, The scientific name differs on the record from that found in the checklist, Taxon match none, The backbone match found using the taxon IDs differs from what would be found if using the scientific names, Depth not metric, Depth unlikely, Depth min max swapped, Depth non numeric, Elevation unlikely, Elevation min max swapped, Elevation not metric, Elevation non numeric, Modified date invalid, Modified date unlikely, Identified date unlikely, Type status invalid, Multimedia date invalid, Multimedia URI invalid, References URI invalid, Error during interpretation, Individual count invalid, Individual count conflicts with occurrence status, Occurrence status unparsable, Occurrence status inferred from basis of record, Georeferenced date unlikely, Georeferenced date invalid, Possibly on loan)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Stylommatophora"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10957 records from 45 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035743-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.k6x92u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 22 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Solanum ancophilum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 22 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035746-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.p9a82v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Parambassis siamensis",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-78 12, -73 12, -73 0, -78 0, -78 12))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035747-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b9ywyh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 71 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "Geometry" : [
 "POLYGON ((-110.9688 25.94913, -110.8188 25.94913, -110.8188 26.09913, -110.9688 26.09913, -110.9688 25.94913))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 71 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035748-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30627863
title: Genomic Evidence for Clark's Theory of the Industrial Revolution

description: Using 600 genotyped DNA samples from Belgium, Denmark, England, Germany and the Netherlands from the eighth to nineteenth century we find a statistically significant positive time trend in educational attainment polygenic index scores. The upward shift in average scores on this genotypic index is large enough to serve as a contributory factor to the Industrial Revolution, consistent with Clark’s hypothesis. The positive trend becomes significant only in the period after 1350 CE.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30627863.v1
title: Genomic Evidence for Clark's Theory of the Industrial Revolution

description: Using 600 genotyped DNA samples from Belgium, Denmark, England, Germany and the Netherlands from the eighth to nineteenth century we find a statistically significant positive time trend in educational attainment polygenic index scores. The upward shift in average scores on this genotypic index is large enough to serve as a contributory factor to the Industrial Revolution, consistent with Clark’s hypothesis. The positive trend becomes significant only in the period after 1350 CE.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.29ypqb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 387 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Solanum arcanum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 387 records from 30 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035750-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17617812
title: Table S1. Lesson Plan Assessment Rubric for Unplugged Computational Thinking Activities

description: This file contains the analytic rubric (Table S1) used to evaluate pre-service teachers’ lesson plans in the study on integrating unplugged computational thinking into elementary social studies instruction. The rubric assesses grade-level alignment, relevance of the problem situation to computational thinking steps, instructional design, organization of content, use of unplugged materials, and grammatical accuracy. The scoring structure ranges from 1 to 4 across six criteria, with a total of 100 points. This rubric was used during the analysis reported in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17617813
title: Table S1. Lesson Plan Assessment Rubric for Unplugged Computational Thinking Activities

description: This file contains the analytic rubric (Table S1) used to evaluate pre-service teachers’ lesson plans in the study on integrating unplugged computational thinking into elementary social studies instruction. The rubric assesses grade-level alignment, relevance of the problem situation to computational thinking steps, instructional design, organization of content, use of unplugged materials, and grammatical accuracy. The scoring structure ranges from 1 to 4 across six criteria, with a total of 100 points. This rubric was used during the analysis reported in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6u99t8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Paramisgurnus dabryanus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-78 12, -73 12, -73 0, -78 0, -78 12))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035751-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.h33sxc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 37 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Solanum chancayense"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 37 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035752-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8cksx4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 199 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "Geometry" : [
 "POLYGON ((-110.8188 25.94913, -110.6688 25.94913, -110.6688 26.09913, -110.8188 26.09913, -110.8188 25.94913))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 199 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035754-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7e3yzh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 380 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Solanum chiquidenum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 380 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035755-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.