cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5qv78r3
title: Data from: Large ecosystem service benefits of assisted natural regeneration

description: China manages the largest monoculture plantations in the world, with 24%
 being Chinese fir plantations. Maximizing the ecosystem services of
 Chinese fir plantations has important implications in global carbon cycle
 and biodiversity protection. Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a
 practice to convert degraded lands into more productive forests with great
 ecosystems services. However, the quantitative understanding of ANR
 ecosystem service benefits is very limited. We conducted a comprehensive
 field manipulation experiment to evaluate the ANR potentials. We
 quantified and compared key ecosystem services including surface runoff,
 sediment yield, dissolved organic carbon export, plant diversity, and
 aboveground carbon accumulation of ANR of secondary forests dominated by
 Castanopsis carlesii to that of Chinese fir and C. carlesii plantations.
 Our results showed that ANR of C. carlesii forest reduced surface runoff
 and sediment yield up to 50% compared with other young plantations in the
 first 3 years and substantially increased plant diversity. ANR also
 reduced the export of dissolved organic carbon by 60–90% in the first 2
 years. Aboveground biomass of the young ANR forest was approximately 3–4
 times of that of other young plantations, while aboveground biomass of
 mature ANR forests was approximately 1.4 times of that of mature Chinese
 fir plantations of the same age. If all Chinese fir plantations in China
 were replaced by ANR forests, potentially 0.7 Pg more carbon will be
 stored in aboveground in one rotation (25 years). The results indicate
 that ANR triggers positive feedbacks among soil and water conservation,
 biodiversity protection, and biomass accumulation and thereby enhances
 ecosystem services.
description: JGR-2018-Large ecosystem
 service benefits of assisted natural regeneration
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5nm1hv2
title: Data from: Effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation on species coexistence

description: Intraspecific variation can promote or inhibit species coexistence, both
 by increasing species' competitive abilities, and by altering the
 relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Effects
 of intraspecific variation on coexistence can occur via complementarity of
 different variants, and via a selection effect: initially-variable
 populations are more likely to contain highly competitive variants that
 might determine the competitive ability of the population as a whole. We
 tested the effects of intraspecific variation and composition on
 coexistence by assaying the mutual invasibility of populations of two
 competing bean weevil species (Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis)
 when each was initiated with one, three, or five genetically- and
 phenotypically-distinct lineages. Our results reveal that intraspecific
 variation is a double-edged sword for species coexistence. Increasing
 intraspecific variation increased species' abilities to invade, and
 to resist invasion, via selection effects and intraspecific niche
 complementarity among conspecific lineages, thereby creating the potential
 for exclusion among mismatched competitors. But intraspecific variation
 also increased the scope for resource partitioning, creating the potential
 for stable coexistence. Stable coexistence occurred only when
 intraspecific variation caused species to exhibit both relatively
 evenly-matched competitive abilities and sufficiently-strong resource
 partitioning. Our work explains the conflicting results of previous
 studies.
description: Mutual invasion
 datadata for
 dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3690
title: Data from: Experimental evidence of condition-dependent sexual dimorphism in the weakly dimorphic antler fly, Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae)

description: Sexually dimorphic traits have a history of directional selection for
 exaggeration in at least one sex. Theory suggests that traits targeted by
 persistent selection should evolve heightened condition dependence whereby
 their expression reflects the availability and processing efficiency of
 metabolic resources. This joint dependence of sexual dimorphism and
 condition dependence on directional selection should result in a positive
 correlation between the extent of sexual dimorphism and the strength of
 condition dependence. However, because direct phenotypic evidence is
 predominately from species with highly exaggerated male traits, it remains
 unclear whether condition-dependent sexual dimorphism is characteristic of
 species with more typical levels of dimorphism. We manipulated condition
 via larval diet and quantified sex-specific responses in adult body size
 and shape in a moderately dimorphic dipteran species, the antler fly
 Protopiophila litigata. While dimorphism did not increase with diet
 quality within any trait, among traits the extent of dimorphism was
 positively associated with the strength of condition dependence in males
 but not females, as previously reported for highly dimorphic species. This
 finding suggests that a shared developmental basis to condition dependence
 and sexual dimorphism can arise via sexual selection on males even in
 lineages lacking highly exaggerated male traits.
description: Morphometric data from
 antler flies when raised on different dietsSee ReadMe
 file.dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5nt11
title: Data from: Study on the foraging behaviour of the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus reveals the need for a change in conservation strategy in Belgium

description: Effective nature conservation requires coherent actions based on the best
 available evidence concerning protected species. Recent studies have
 suggested that European nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus forage outside
 their recognized breeding habitats, yet, for Flanders (northern Belgium)
 information on nightjar foraging behaviour and key foraging habitats is
 lacking. To assess whether the foraging ecology of nightjars in Flanders
 is similar to that observed in other parts of Europe, we studied the
 crepuscular behaviour of this species in Bosland (northeastern Flanders)
 during a five-year radio telemetry study. Tracking of 48 individuals
 within a coniferous forest was standardized and home ranges were
 calculated using a kernel density estimator (fixed kernel). Habitat use
 was investigated by comparing kernel placement to available habitat.
 Average maximal foraging distance was 2603 ± 1094 m and home ranges
 extended up to 691 ha. We identified the key foraging habitats to be
 extensively-cultivated grasslands and recreational areas, areas that were
 previously assumed unsuitable for Belgian nightjars. Our results indicate
 the importance of foraging sites outside the breeding territory,
 confirming the findings of previous studies performed elsewhere in Europe.
 Incorporating our findings into future conservation plans could,
 therefore, lead to improved efficiency of EU conservation measures,
 designed for the protection of this bird species in Flanders.
description: Nightjar telemetry
 2010-2014Telemetry data from
 tracking study in Bosland collected from 2010-2014.RangesDryad.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n6d50
title: Data from: Social transmission of information about a mutualist via trophallaxis in ant colonies

description: Partner discrimination is crucial in mutualistic interactions between
 organisms to counteract cheating by the partner. Trophobiosis between ants
 and aphids is a model system of such mutualistic interaction. To establish
 and maintain the mutualistic association, ants need to correctly
 discriminate mutualistic aphids. However, the mechanism by which ants
 recognize aphids as their partners is poorly understood, despite its
 ecological and evolutionary importance. Here, we show for the first time
 the evidence that interaction with nest-mates that have tended aphids
 (Aphis craccivora) allows ants (Tetramorium tsushimae) to learn to
 recognize the aphid species as their partner. When ants had previously
 tended aphids, they moderated their aggressiveness towards aphids. More
 importantly, ants that had interacted with aphid-experienced nest-mates
 also reduced their aggressiveness towards aphids, even though they had
 never directly experienced them, indicating that aphid information was
 transmitted from aphid-experienced ants to inexperienced ants.
 Furthermore, inhibition of mouth-to-mouth contact (trophallaxis) from
 aphid-experienced ants to inexperienced ants by providing the
 inexperienced ants with artificial honeydew solution caused the
 inexperienced ants to become aggressive towards aphids. These results,
 with further supporting data, strongly suggest that ants transfer
 information on their mutualists during trophallactic interactions.
description: Hayashi Hojo Nomura
 Tsuji 2017 PRSB Attack rate and trophallaxis datasetcontains all data of all
 experiments
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5c4rk
title: Data from: Royal Darwinian demons: enforced changes in reproductive efforts do not affect the life expectancy of ant queens

description: One of the central tenets of life-history theory is that organisms cannot
 simultaneously maximize all fitness components. This results in the
 fundamental trade-off between reproduction and life span known from
 numerous animals, including humans. Social insects are a well-known
 exception to this rule: reproductive queens outlive nonreproductive
 workers. Here, we take a step forward and show that under identical social
 and environmental conditions the fecundity-longevity trade-off is absent
 also within the queen caste. A change in reproduction did not alter life
 expectancy, and even a strong enforced increase in reproductive efforts
 did not reduce residual life span. Generally, egg-laying rate and life
 span were positively correlated. Queens of perennial social insects thus
 seem to maximize at the same time two fitness parameters that are normally
 negatively correlated. Even though they are not immortal, they best
 approach a hypothetical “Darwinian demon” in the animal kingdom.
description: life-history data C.
 obscurior queensRDD_submission_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r21fn10
title: Data from: Implementation of electronic charting is not associated with significant change in physician productivity in an academic emergency department

description: Objectives: To compare physician productivity and billing before and after
 implementation of electronic charting in an academic ED. Materials and
 Methods: This retrospective, blinded, observational study compared the 6
 months pre-implementation (January to June 2012) with the 6 months
 post-implementation one year later (January to June 2013). Thirty-one ED
 physicians were recruited, with each physician acting as his/her own
 control in a before-after design. Productivity was measured via total
 number of encounters and “productivity index” defined as worked relative
 value units divided by the clinical full-time equivalent. Values for
 charges, encounters and productivity index were determined during each
 study period and separately for procedures, observational stays, and
 critical care. Results: No differences were found for total productivity
 index per month (758 [628,876] pre-group vs. 756 [673,886] post-group;
 p=NS). There was, however, a 9% decrease in total encounters per month
 (136 [101,163] pre-group vs. 126 [99,159] post-group; p=0.02). Significant
 decreases were seen across all observation stay categories. Conversely,
 significant increases were seen across all critical care categories. There
 was no difference in total charges per month. Discussion: This is one of
 few studies to demonstrate minimal disruption in physician productivity
 after transitioning to electronic documentation. The reasons for these
 findings are likely multifactorial. Conclusion: In this study,
 implementation of electronic charting was not associated with decreases in
 productivity or billing for total ED care, but may be associated with
 increases for critical care and decreases for observational stays.
description: Electronic Charting
 DataThere are five tabs in
 the excel file. The Demographics tab contains the demographic information
 of the faculty members studied. The following four tabs (Totals, Critical
 Care, Procedure and Observation) contains the data for the charges, # of
 encounters, and productivity (defined as worked RVU's per clinical
 FTE) for the pre- and post-study period.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q9p2q59
title: Data from: Water-repellent plant surface structure induced by gall-forming insects for waste management

description: Many animals and plants have evolved elaborate water-repellent
 microstructures on their surface, which often play important roles in
 their ecological adaptation. Here we report a unique type of
 water-repellent structure on plant surface, which develops as an
 insect-induced plant morphology in a social context. Some social aphids
 form galls on their host plant, in which they produce large amount of
 hydrophobic wax. Excreted honeydew is coated by the powdery wax to form
 “honeydew balls”, which are actively disposed by soldier nymphs through an
 opening on their gall. These activities are enabled by a highly
 water-repellent inner gall surface, and we discovered that this surface is
 covered with dense trichomes that are not found on normal plant surface.
 The trichomes are coated by fine particles of the insect-produced wax,
 thereby realizing a high water repellency with a cooperative interaction
 between aphids and plants. The plant leaves on which the gall is formed
 often exhibit patchy areas with dense trichomes, representing an ectopic
 expression of the insect-induced plant morphology. In the pouch-shaped
 closed galls of a related social aphid species, by contrast, the inner
 surface was not covered with trichomes. Our findings provide a convincing
 example of how the extended phenotype of an animal, expressed in a plant,
 plays a pivotal role in maintaining sociality.
description: Raw data
 filesRaw data files used in
 this studyData.zipRcodeR code used in this study
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vr14v
title: Data from: Trait-mediated functional responses: predator behavioral type mediates prey consumption

description: 1. The predator functional response (i.e. per capita consumption rate as a
 function of prey density) is central to our understanding of predator-prey
 population dynamics. This response is behavioral, depending on the rate of
 attack and time it takes to handle prey. 2. Consistent behavioral
 differences between conspecific individuals, termed behavioral types, are
 a widespread feature of predator and prey populations but the effects of
 behavioral types on the functional response remain unexplored. 3. We
 tested the effects of crab (Panopeus herbstii) behavioral type,
 specifically individual activity level, on the crab functional response to
 mussel (Brachidontes exustus) prey. We further tested whether the effects
 of activity level on the response are mediated by the presence of toadfish
 (Opsanus tau) predation threat in the form of waterborne chemical cues
 known to reduce crab activity level. 4. The effects of crab activity level
 on the functional response were dependent on crab body size. Individual
 activity level increased the magnitude (i.e. slope and asymptote) of the
 type II functional response of small crabs, potentially through an
 increase in time spent foraging, but had no effect on the functional
 response of large crabs. Predation threat did not interact with activity
 level to influence mussel consumption, but independently reduced the slope
 of the type II functional response. 5. Overall, this study demonstrates
 size-specific effects of a behavioral type on a predator-prey interaction,
 as well as a general pathway (modification of the functional response) by
 which the effects of individual behavioral types can scale up to influence
 predator-prey population dynamics.
description: Data from:
 Trait-mediated functional responses: predator behavioral type mediates
 prey consumptionThis data is from an
 experiment where the activity level (behavior) and mussel prey consumption
 rate of individual crabs was measured at a range of mussel prey densities,
 and in the absence and presence of chemical cues from toadfish, a predator
 of crabs.Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5f017
title: Data from: Ethnicity- and sex-based discrimination and the maintenance of self-esteem

description: The psychological underpinnings of labor market discrimination were
 investigated by having participants from Israel, the West Bank and Germany
 (N = 205) act as employers in a stylized employment task in which they
 ranked, set wages, and imposed a minimum effort level on applicants. State
 self-esteem was measured before and after the employment task, in which
 applicant ethnicity and sex were salient. The applicants were real people
 and all behavior was monetarily incentivized. Supporting the full
 self-esteem hypothesis of the social identity approach, low self-esteem in
 women was associated with assigning higher wages to women than to men, and
 such behavior was related to the maintenance of self-esteem. The narrower
 hypothesis that successful intergroup discrimination serves to protect
 self-esteem received broader support. Across all participants, both
 ethnicity- and sex-based discrimination of out-groups were associated with
 the maintenance of self-esteem, with the former showing a stronger
 association than the latter.
description: Lönnqvist et
 al._2015_dataThe file represents the
 original SPSS data base we used for our analyses based on the experiments
 we run in Germany, Israel and the West Bank.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6vq5q30
title: Data from: Niche separation, ontogeny, and heterospecific alarm responses in centrarchid sunfish

description: Behavioral responses to alarm cues in aquatic species are typically
 examined with emphasis on the potential survival benefits accrued by
 conspecific receivers. By contrast, heterospecific responses to alarm cues
 and changes in responses with ontogeny in fishes are relatively
 unexplored. Taking an ecological niche perspective, we hypothesized that
 the response patterns of fish to risky chemical cues should be closely
 related to their degree of niche differentiation, which increases with
 ontogeny. We tested this hypothesis using the responses of adults from
 sympatric bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus)
 populations to the alarm cues of conspecific and heterospecific adults and
 juveniles, including water as a control treatment. Responses measured
 consisted of changes in body posture (time spent with the dorsal fin
 &lt;30º, between 30º and 60º, or &gt;60º) and behavior (times
 spent still, frozen, at the surface, or on the bottom of the tank). Both
 adult bluegill and pumpkinseed spent significantly more time with their
 fins held &gt;60º in response to adult versus juvenile alarm cues,
 with these responses mediated by donor species such that adult conspecific
 cues resulted in greater responses than heterospecific cues. The same
 general pattern was observed in the behavioral measures. These results
 demonstrate that behavioral response patterns to chemical alarm cues in
 sunfishes are highly plastic, and are likely related to niche separation
 in adults. Our findings open new lines of research into the role of
 ecological niches in shaping behavioral responses of fish to risky
 information.
description: Niche separation,
 ontogeny, and heterospecific alarm responses in centrarchid
 sunfishHetero AC data -
 QUBS.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hd412
title: Data from: How does pollen versus seed dispersal affect niche evolution?

description: In heterogeneous landscapes, the genetic and demographic consequences of
 dispersal influence the evolution of niche width. Unless pollen is
 limiting, pollen dispersal does not contribute directly to population
 growth. However, by disrupting local adaptation, it indirectly affects
 population dynamics. We compare the effect of pollen versus seed dispersal
 on the evolution of niche width in heterogeneous habitats, explicitly
 considering the feedback between maladaptation and demography. We consider
 two scenarios: the secondary contact of two subpopulations, in distinct,
 formerly isolated habitats, and the colonization of an empty habitat with
 dispersal between the new and ancestral habitat. With an analytical model,
 we identify critical levels of genetic variance leading to niche
 contraction (secondary contact scenario), or expansion (new habitat
 scenario). We confront these predictions with simulations where the
 genetic variance freely evolves. Niche contraction occurs when habitats
 are very different. It is faster as total gene flow increases or as pollen
 predominates in overall gene flow. Niche expansion occurs when habitat
 heterogeneity is not too high. Seed dispersal accelerates it, whereas
 pollen dispersal tends to retard it. In both scenarios very high seed
 dispersal leads to extinction. Overall, our results predict a wider niche
 for species dispersing seeds more than pollen.
description: Code for numerical
 iteration and simulation of the modelnumerical_iteration_and_simulations.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bv5ht
title: Data from: Tradeoff between physical and chemical defense in plant seeds is mediated by seed mass

description: Plants have evolved both physical and chemical defenses to make the
 nutrients of attacked organs difficult to access or more toxic to resist
 animal consumption or/and pathogen attack. Although it is intuitive that a
 tradeoff could exist between physical and chemical defenses because of
 finite defense resources, many studies have failed to detect this
 tradeoff. We hypothesized that tradeoff between physical and chemical
 defenses in individual organs was mediated by the total resource
 allocation to those organs. In this study, we tested whether a tradeoff
 between physical (i.e. fiber content, which has proved to be a good
 indicator of investment into seed coat) and chemical defenses (i.e. total
 phenolics, which are abundant chemical defenses in plant seeds) existed in
 plant seeds by using 163 common species collected from Xishuangbanna
 tropical forest, southwest China. Then we tested whether this tradeoff was
 mediated by seed mass which could be a potential proxy of total resource
 investment per seed. Among the 163 species, there was large interspecific
 variation in both total phenolics (from 0.01 to 20.52%) and fiber content
 (from 4.47 to 81.49%). Our results supported our hypothesis: negative
 relationships between physical and chemical defenses were much stronger
 among small seeds than among large seeds. Our study suggests that total
 resource acquisition must be considered when evaluating defense tradeoffs.
 However, it is usually extremely difficult to measure this resource
 acquisition variation, thus we suggest utilizing easily measured proxies
 of acquisition variation to quantify tradeoffs.
description: Seed mass, tannin and
 fiber content of the 163 species used in this study.data submitted to
 Dryad.xlsx