cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wpzgmsbkc
title: Data from: The late Oligocene Xenarthran fauna of Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza, Argentina) and its implications for sloth origins and the diversity of Paleogene Cingulates

description: The late Oligocene mammalian fauna of Quebrada Fiera is one of the most
 diverse of the Deseadan SALMA. We describe its endemic xenarthran
 assemblage, represented by 13 species, including two stem sloths and 11
 armored cingulates. The rare folivoran remains complete the knowledge of
 Octodontotherium, one of the early known mylodontids, and suggest the
 existence of a new small non-megalonychid megatherioid Similhapalops nivis
 gen. et sp. nov. The lumbar vertebrae of Octodontotherium sp. provide the
 oldest evidence of xenarthry for the order. The presence at the knee joint
 of an ossified meniscus and cyamo-fabella strongly suggests a plantigrade
 ancestral condition in Mylodontidae. Armored xenarthrans are represented
 by armadillos Eutatini (Meteutatus sp., M. lagenaformis, and Stenotatus
 ornatus), an undetermined Euphractinii, the “horned” peltephilids
 Peltephilus sp. and P. undulatus, and the palaeopeltid Palaeopeltis
 inornatus; an undetermined Glyptodontidae, the glyptatelines Glyptatelus
 cf. tatusinus and Clypeotherium sp., and an undetermined
 propalaeohoplophorine. The xenarthrans represent a third of the mammals of
 the Quebrada Fiera fauna, one of the most varied at the end of the
 Paleogene in South America. This vertebrate fauna is represented by a mix
 of endemic taxa with other species of high latitude (Patagonian) origin,
 but few from low latitude faunas. A detailed study of this mammalian
 assemblage complemented by detailed geological and petrographical studies,
 suggests the existence of strong volcanic activity, the presence of
 braided rivers, lagoonal environments in open habitats under a temperate
 or hot climate with savannas and/or grasslands and isolated forests during
 the late Oligocene at the foot of the proto-Andes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzb4
title: The association of lactation duration with visceral and pericardial fat volumes in parous women: 25-year follow-up in the CARDIA study

description: Background: Lactation is associated with lower risks for diabetes and
 cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. Organ-related adiposity, which
 plays a significant role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases,
 could help explain this observation. Therefore, we evaluated the
 longitudinal association of lactation duration with visceral and
 pericardial fat volumes in women. Methods: Data were obtained from 910
 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
 (CARDIA) study (1985-86) without diabetes prior to pregnancy who had ≥1
 birth during 25 years of follow-up and had visceral (VAT) and pericardial
 adipose tissue (PAT) measured from computed tomographic scans in
 2010-2011. Cumulative lactation duration across all births since baseline
 was calculated from self-reports collected at periodic exams. Results: At
 baseline, the average age of women (48% black, 52% white) was 24 ± 3.7
 years. After controlling for baseline age, race, smoking status, body mass
 index, fasting glucose, family history of diabetes, fat intake, total
 cholesterol, physical activity and follow-up covariates (parity,
 gestational diabetes), the mean fat volumes across categories of lactation
 (none (n=221), 1 to 5 months (n=306), 6 to 11 months (n=210), and ≥12
 months (n=173)) were 122.0, 113.7 105.0, and 110.1 cm3 for VAT and 52.2,
 46.7, 44.5 and 43.4 cm3 for PAT, respectively. No race differences were
 detected. Changes in body weight from the first post-baseline birth to the
 end of follow-up mediated 21% and 18% of the associations of lactation
 with VAT and PAT, respectively. Conclusions: In this prospective study,
 longer cumulative lactation duration was associated with lower VAT and PAT
 volumes, with weight gain partially mediating these associations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0zpc866wb
title: Dataset from: Positive indirect effects of top-predators on the survival and behaviour of juvenile fishes

description: Top-predators can suppress mesopredator behaviour through risk effects.
 However, there is limited understanding of whether such behavioural
 suppression can dampen the lethal and sub-lethal effects of mesopredators
 on bottom level prey. Here, we document a field experiment that examines
 whether the presence of top-predator cues (visual and chemical stimuli
 from a coral trout) can cascade to indirectly influence the behaviour and
 survival of juvenile fish prey of different species (Pomacentrus
 amboinensis and P. chrysurus) and size (small = 1.18 cm SL vs large = 1.32
 cm SL). Results showed that habitat patches exposed to top-predator cues
 received fewer visits and foraging attacks from mesopredators, leading to
 higher space use (~46%), feeding rate (~95%), and survival (~67%) from
 juvenile fish prey. Survival was always higher for individuals of P.
 amboinensis and of large-size, independent of the presence or absence of
 top-predator cues. Our data indicate that predation risk from the
 top-predator indirectly favoured the persistence and behaviour of juvenile
 fishes by promoting risk-averse behavioural responses in mesopredators.
 This study underscores the behavioural ­­­­­­mechanisms­ by which risk
 effects can cascade through the food web and highlights the consequences
 that harvesting top-predators may have on the replenishment of bottom prey
 populations.
description: See detailed methods at: Palacios & McCormick 2020.
 Positive indirect effects of top-predators on the survival and behaviour
 of juvenile fishes. Oikos https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07731 In this study, the effect of a top-predator on the survival and behaviour of juvenile prey was assessed in situ by assigning three experimental treatments to habitat patches and monitoring the fate of four juvenile fishes for up to 72 h. The three treatments comprised: a) top-predator cues, b) a control PVC pipe and c) an empty control. Additional data was collected on the density of mesopredator fish and their behaviour towards the experimental treatments. More methodological details are available in the paper: https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07731
description: EXCEL FILE STRUCTURE The excel file includes 4
 tabs with the following datasets: Juvenile
 fish survival Juvenile fish behaviour
 Mesopredator density Mesopredator
 behaviour Legend and description of the
 variables is available on the "ReadMe" file and on each excel
 tab.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dv41ns1w9
title: Simultaneous estimation of troxerutin and calcium dobesilate in presence of the carcinogenic hydroquinone using green spectrofluorimetric method

description: In the present study, we conducted two facile and highly sensitive
 spectrofluorimetric approaches in order to quantify the vasoprotective
 agents; troxerutin (TROX) and calcium dobesilate (DOB) in the presence of
 hydroquinone (HQ) (as a highly toxic impurity and potential degradation
 product of DOB) in commercial formulations and human plasma. The first
 approach relies simply on using ethanol as an eco-friendly solvent for the
 estimation of DOB at 345 nm after being excited at 305 nm. The linearity
 was carefully investigated between DOB concentration and the relative
 fluorescence intensity in the range of 0.05-0.8 µg/mL. Due to the
 method's high simplicity and sensitivity, applying the first approach
 to quality control analysis and spiked human plasma samples with mean %
 recoveries 100.74 ± 3.71 adds another merit. The second approach involved
 rapid conventional fluorometric estimation of TROX ethanolic solution in
 TROX/DOB combined dosage forms at 455/350 nm (emission/excitation) with a
 linear calibration chart covering the range of 0.1–1.2 µg/mL. Moreover,
 the second approach involved a comprehensive study in a trial to solve the
 problem of superposition of DOB and HQ graph adopting the first derivative
 synchronous fluorimetric mechanism in ethanol at Δ λ=60 nm. Therefore, DOB
 was measured at 286 nm and 323 nm, while HQ could be quantitated at 301
 nm. Beer's-Lambert law has complied over the ranges of 0.1- 1.0 µg/mL
 and 0.02-0.4 μg/mL for DOB and HQ, respectively. Guidelines adopted by the
 International Council of Harmonization (ICH) were used to validate the
 target approaches. They were more convenient for routine quality control
 laboratory instead of the time-consuming and sophisticated reported
 techniques. Moreover, different aspects of evaluating the proposed
 approaches' greenness were conducted to have a complete image of
 their environmental impact.
description: - The first approach relies simply on using ethanol as an
 eco-friendly solvent for the estimation of DOB at 345 nm after being
 excited at 305 nm. - The second approach involved rapid
 conventional fluorometric estimation of TROX ethanolic solution in
 TROX/DOB combined dosage forms at 455/350 nm
 (emission/excitation) - Moreover, the second approach
 involved a comprehensive study in a trial to solve the problem of
 superposition of DOB and HQ graph adopting the first derivative
 synchronous fluorimetric mechanism in ethanol at Δ λ=60 nm
description: - Validation Data Set for TROX Estimation.
 - Validation Data Set for DOB Estimation.
 - Validation Data Set for HQ Estimation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr4w
title: SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control in a hospital setting: an individual-based modelling study

description: Background: Development of strategies for mitigating the severity of
 COVID-19 is now a top public health priority. We sought to assess
 strategies for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital setting via
 the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Methods: We developed an
 individual-based model for COVID-19 transmission in a hospital setting. We
 calibrated the model using data of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital unit
 in Wuhan. The calibrated model was used to simulate different intervention
 scenarios and estimate the impact of different interventions on outbreak
 size and workday loss. Findings: The use of high efficacy facial masks was
 shown to be able to reduce infection cases and workday loss by 80% (90%
 CrI: 73.1% - 85.7%) and 87% (CrI: 80.0% - 92.5%), respectively. The use of
 social distancing alone, through reduced contacts between healthcare
 workers, had a marginal impact on the outbreak. Our results also indicated
 that a quarantine policy should be coupled with other interventions to
 achieve its effect. The effectiveness of all these interventions was shown
 to increase with their early implementation. Conclusions: Our analysis
 shows that a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital’s non-COVID-19 unit can be
 controlled or mitigated by the use of existing non-pharmaceutical
 measures.
description: Dataset was collected by questionnaire. Written informed consent
 was required before the data collecting, and participants were informed
 that they could refuse to answer any question. The questionnaire did not
 ask about infection status, and no biological samples were
 collected.
description: Individual-based model setup and hospital aggregated data. The
 code is implemented in Wolfram Mathematica, it can be opened and operated
 with Mathematica only.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb5qj
title: Multi-city street-sidewalk imagery from pedestrian mobile cameras

description: We present TerraFirma, a multi-city dataset which captures street
 and sidewalk imagery from the pedestrians' perspective. Motivated by
 challenges in the realm of pedestrian safety, we present a diverse and
 extensive dataset that provides a foundation for the design and validation
 of pedestrian safety systems that rely on street-sidewalk imagery. The
 data was collected by 9 volunteers in 4 metropolitan cities across the
 world. Volunteers carried mobile cameras or smartphones in a texting
 position, such that the rear camera was directed to the ground in front of
 them. TerraFirma classifies images by the material used for
 street/sidewalk construction in each city.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gnq
title: Data for the paper "Experimental evolution of post-ingestive nutritional compensation in response to a nutrient-poor diet"

description: The geometric framework of nutrition predicts that populations restricted
 to a single imbalanced diet should evolve post-ingestive nutritional
 compensation mechanisms bringing the blend of assimilated nutrients closer
 to physiological optimum. The evolution of such nutritional compensation
 is thought to be mainly driven by the ratios of major nutrients rather
 than overall nutritional content of the diet. We report experimental
 evolution of divergence in post-ingestive nutritional compensation in
 populations of Drosophila melanogaster adapted to diets that contained
 identical imbalanced nutrient ratios but differed in total nutrient
 concentration. Larvae from "Selected" populations maintained for
 over 200 generations on a nutrient-poor diet with 1:13.5
 protein:carbohydrate ratio showed enhanced assimilation of nitrogen from
 yeasts and reduced assimilation of carbon from sucrose than
 "Control" populations evolved on a diet with the same nutrient
 ratio but 4-fold greater nutrient concentration. Compared to the Controls,
 the Selected larvae also accumulated less triglycerides relative to
 protein. This implies that the Selected populations evolved a higher
 assimilation rate of amino-acids from the poor imbalanced diet and a lower
 assimilation of carbohydrates than Controls. Thus, the evolution of
 nutritional compensation may be driven by changes in total nutrient
 abundance, even if the ratios of different nutrients remain unchanged.
description: See Methods and Supplementary Methods in the paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr7zw
title: Interfering with neighbouring communities: allelopathy astray in the tundra delays seedling development

description: 1. Altered species composition caused by environmental and climatic change
 can affect the transfer of plant residues among communities. Whereas
 transferred residues are typically considered a resource in recipient
 systems, residues of allelopathic species may instead cause interference.
 2. Evergreen dwarf shrubs, specifically the allelopathic species Empetrum
 nigrum are increasing in abundance in response to a warming climate.
 Empetrum has small, evergreen leaves that can be transferred to other
 communities when withered and lost from the plant. 3. We hypothesize that
 Empetrum can have allelopathic effects in the recipient communities of the
 withered leaves. We call this allochthonous allelopathy as opposed to
 autochthonous allelopathy, which is well documented in communities where
 it grows. 4. We measured influx of allochthonous Empetrum leaves onto
 snow-covered snowbeds, where they are easily identified within the debris.
 Next, we compared the bioactivity of allochthonous withered leaves with
 that of green Empetrum leaves. Finally, we conducted an experiment testing
 the germination and seedling growth of ten tundra species in snowbed soil
 supplemented with no (control) and three densities of allochthonous
 Empetrum leaves. 5. We found Empetrum leaves to be common on the snow
 cover of snowbeds. We found Empetrum leaves collected on snowbeds to be as
 bioactive as green leaves. Finally, we found forb species to have reduced
 germination and all ten species to have delayed seedling development when
 growing in snowbed soil supplemented with withered Empetrum leaves.
 Seedlings under the control treatment were 2.3 times longer and had 3.2
 times more leaves in comparison to seedlings grown under the strongest
 allochthonous leaf treatment. 6. Results from our study imply that
 Empetrum is allelopathic in recipient systems of its allochthonous leaves.
 The abundant nature of Empetrum in the tundra, suggests that allochthonous
 allelopathy is a common phenomenon, causing biotic stress in snowbeds and
 potentially other parts of the tundra. Exemplifying the ability of a plant
 to interfere in neighbouring communities, our study demonstrates a plant
 trait that may provide insight to other study systems.
description: A readme-file accomplishes description of all the variables that
 are provided in four different datasets: 1 - counts of
 <em>Empetrum nigrum</em> leaves on snowbeds.
 2 - bioassays on both fresh and withered leaves of
 <em>Empetrum nigrum </em>along<em> </em>with their
 content of secondary metabolites. 3 - data on
 germination of a set of species exposed to withered leaves of
 <em>Empetrum nigrum</em> in soil. 4 - data
 on seedling growth of a set of species exposed to withered leaves of
 <em>Empetrum nigrum</em> in soil. A link to
 a fifth dataset (abundance data of <em>Empetrum nigrum</em>)
 that is used in the related paper is also provided here.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1rtk
title: A global analysis of enemy release and its variation with latitude

description: Aim: The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) posits
 that exotic species suffer lower enemy damage than natives, and
 thus promotes their successful invasion. However, the generality of lower
 damage for exotics remains widely debated. A recent view proposes that
 enemy release (ER) could systematically change with latitude, potentially
 helping explain these inconsistencies. Here, we test whether exotic plant
 species suffer consistently lower herbivore damage relative to natives,
 and whether ER varies with latitude. Location: Global.
 Time Period: 1960-2018. Major Taxa Studied: Plants.
 Methods: Using leaf herbivory data for 1,098 plant
 species, we compared the herbivory rate between exotic and native plants
 across all taxa, between the introduced and native range of exotic
 species, and between exotic and native species co-occurring in the same
 community. Then, we tested the interaction effect between origin (exotic
 vs. native) and latitude to assess variation in ER with
 latitude. We also examined whether the effect of origin and its
 interaction with latitude changed with plant growth form (woody vs.
 non-woody). Finally, based on two ER effect-size datasets, two
 meta-regressions were performed to demonstrate the relationship between ER
 and latitude. Results: Leaf herbivory rates were commonly lower
 for exotics than natives. However, this differential herbivory
 rate was only significant for woody plants. No significant interactions
 were found between origin and latitude, indicating that ER did not change
 with latitude. The meta-regressions also demonstrated that ER was
 not significantly correlated with latitude. Main Conclusions: The
 widespread lower herbivory rate for exotic compared to native woody plant
 species supports the ERH for exotic woody plants. Consistent ER
 with latitude indicates that ER should play a similar role regardless of
 latitude. One future challenge is to assess to what extent ER in
 woody exotic plants translates to performance advantages and hence
 influences their invasion success.
description: We recommend referencing the Methods section and Supplementary
 Information of the corresponding paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mf1
title: Intrinsic elastic anisotropy of Westerly granite observed by ultrasound measurements, microstructural investigations and neutron diffraction

description: Westerly granite (WG) has been accepted as an isotropic homogeneous rock.
 Here we return to WG and observe significant elastic anisotropy using
 multidirectional ultrasonic sounding on spherical samples at pressures up
 to 400 MPa. Thermal treatment of WG leads to formation of microcracks that
 reduce elastic wave velocities and increase its elastic anisotropy. The 3D
 distribution of P-wave velocities at low pressure is close to orthorhombic
 symmetry. Application of hydrostatic pressure closes most of thermally
 induced microcracks and decreases elastic anisotropy of WG, but at high
 pressure the anisotropy is practically reversed compared to low pressure:
 maximum P-wave velocity direction at low pressures is near minimum
 velocity direction at high pressure and vice versa. To understand this
 effect, microstructures of the rock were investigated by optical and
 scanning electron microscopy. Preferred orientations of four major
 rock-forming minerals – quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and biotite – were
 measured by time-of-flight neutron diffraction, which confirms significant
 crystal alignment. All these data were used to numerically model
 anisotropic elastic properties of WG. It is shown that WG possesses weak
 intrinsic elastic anisotropy related mainly to the preferred orientation
 of feldspars formed during igneous crystallization. Observed microcracks
 are mostly related to the cleavage planes of feldspars and biotite, and
 thus also demonstrate preferred orientation. Higher preheating
 temperatures produce larger quantity of longer microcracks. These
 microcracks act against the weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy of WG, and
 define the elastic anisotropy at low pressures.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m6mvbn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 220 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Dypsis decaryi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 220 records from 52 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002632-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7d7wm37sx
title: Saproxylic fly diversity in a Costa Rican forest mosaic

description: This paper presents the first assessment of the diversity of tropical
 saproxylic Diptera, done on the Osa Peninsula of Costa
 Rica. Forty-one trees representing nine species and six plant
 families were sampled in a rearing experiment. In total, 272 individuals
 attributable to 18 families of Diptera were reared. Low abundance and
 species richness of flies was observed overall. A majority of taxa were in
 saprophagous and mycophagous larval feeding guilds, followed by predators.
 Host associations, successional stage, and stratum preferences are
 estimated for the more abundant species. The results support previous
 findings regarding saproxylic Diptera and their association with moist
 wood and secondary forests. 
description: Bait branches were prepared during the transition from rainy to
 dry season, March to April 2013. Host tree families were selected to
 complement data obtained in French Guiana in a similar study (Tavakilian
 <i>et al.</i>, 1997) and included nine species in the
 following plant families: Fabaceae, Lecythidaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae,
 Rubiaceae, and Sapotaceae. In total, 41 trees were sampled. Tree species
 available were located within old-growth or secondary forest. A bait
 branch was severed from each tree. The basal section (approximately 8 cm x
 75 cm) was suspended in the canopy, while the remainder of each branch was
 exposed on the ground. These were exposed to insect activity for three
 months. The ground branch was then cut into three thick sections (8 cm x
 75 cm) and six thin sections (3 cm x 75 cm). Canopy, ground thick, and
 ground thin wood sections were placed into rearing cages made of No-seeum
 insect netting. Daily monitoring was conducted for mature insects. Upon
 emergence, specimens were preserved in EtOH (100%). Specimens were
 identified to family using external characters. Some specimens were
 identified to genus using Manual of Central Ameican Diptera (2009, 2010).
 Feeding guilds were determined for every morphospecies usually with
 information from Manual of Central American Diptera (2009,
 2010).
description: The column Plant IND refers to individual plant IDs that the wood
 was taken from. For partition: grande = thick ground bait, peq = thin
 ground bait, copa. N IND refers to the number of individuals
 reared.