cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsgc
title: Data from: Condition dependent mortality exacerbates male (but not female) reproductive senescence and the potential for sexual conflict

description: Disentangling the relationship between age and reproduction is central to
 understand life-history evolution, and recent evidence shows that
 considering condition-dependent mortality is a crucial piece of this
 puzzle. For example, non-random mortality of “low-condition” individuals
 can lead to an increase in average lifespan. However, selective
 disappearance of such low-condition individuals may also affect
 reproductive senescence at the population level due to trade-offs between
 physiological functions related to survival/lifespan and the maintenance
 of reproductive functions. Here, we address the idea that
 condition-dependent extrinsic mortality (i.e. simulated predation) may
 increase the age-related decline in male reproductive success, and with it
 the potential for sexual conflict, by comparing reproductive ageing in
 Drosophila melanogaster male/female cohorts exposed (or not) to
 condition-dependent simulated predation across time. While female
 reproductive senescence was not affected by predation, male reproductive
 senescence was considerably higher under predation, due mainly to an
 accelerated decline in offspring viability of “surviving” males with age.
 This sex-specific effect suggests that condition-dependent extrinsic
 mortality can exacerbate survival-reproductive trade-offs in males, which
 are typically under stronger condition-dependent selection than females.
 Interestingly, condition-dependent extrinsic mortality did not affect
 mating success, hinting that accelerated reproductive senescence is due to
 a decrease in male post-copulatory fitness components. Our results support
 the recent proposal that male ageing can be an important source of sexual
 conflict, further suggesting this effect could be exacerbated under more
 natural conditions.
description: Data for the manuscript accepted in Journal of Evolutionary
 Biology titled as: "Condition dependent mortality exacerbates male
 (but not female) reproductive senescence and the potential for sexual
 conflict". In the csv file the variables are as follows: code (code
 of the experimental vial together with experiment name), ageing_f
 ("young" for young females, "selection" for old
 females that survived condition dependent mortality,
 "no_selection" for old females that were not exposed to
 condition dependent mortality), ageing_m ("young" for young
 males, "selection" for old males that survived condition
 dependent mortality, "no_selection" for old males that were not
 exposed to condition dependent mortality), ms (mating success), md (mating
 duration in minutes), ml (mating latency in minutes), egg (number of
 eggs), fit (number of offspring), viab (number of offspring/number of
 eggs), experiment (2 for main experiment, 1A for pilot experiment without
 condition dependent mortality, 1B for pilot experiment with condition
 dependent mortality)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qftth8
title: Data from: Co-foundress confinement elicits kinship effects in a naturally sub-social parasitoid

description: Kinship among interacting individuals is often associated with sociality
 and also with sex ratio effects. Parasitoids in the bethylid genus
 Goniozus are sub-social, with single foundress females exhibiting
 post-ovipositional maternal care via short-term aggressive host and brood
 defence against conspecific females. Due to local mate competition (LMC)
 and broods normally being produced by a single foundress, sex ratios are
 female biased. Contests between adult females are, however, not normally
 fatal and aggression is reduced when competing females are kin, raising
 the possibility of multi-foundress reproduction on some hosts. Here we
 screen for further life-history effects of kinship by varying the numbers
 and relatedness of foundresses confined together with a host resource and
 also by varying the size of host. We confined groups of 1 to 8 Goniozus
 nephantidis females together with a host for 5+ days. Multi-foundress
 groups were either all siblings or all non-siblings. Our chief
 expectations included that that competition for resources would be more
 intense among larger foundress groups but diminished by both larger host
 size and closer foundress relatedness, affecting both foundress mortality
 and reproductive output. From classical LMC theory, we expected that
 offspring group sex ratios would be less female biased when there were
 more foundresses and from extended LMC theory we expected that sex ratios
 would be more female biased when foundresses were close kin. We found that
 confinement led to the death of some females (11% overall) but only when
 host resources were most limiting. Mortality of foundresses was less
 common when foundresses were siblings. Developmental mortality among
 offspring was considerably higher in multi-foundress clutches but was
 unaffected by foundress relatedness. Groups of sibling foundresses
 collectively produced similar numbers of offspring to non-sibling groups.
 There was little advantage for individual females to reproduce in
 multi-foundress groups: single foundresses suppressed even the largest
 hosts presented and had the highest per capita production of adult
 offspring. Despite single-foundress reproduction being the norm, G.
 nephantidis females in multi-foundress groups appear to attune sex
 allocation according to both foundress number and foundress relatedness:
 broods produced by sibling foundresses had sex ratios similar to broods
 produced by single foundresses (ca. 11% males) whereas the sex ratios of
 broods produced by non-sibling females were approximately 20% higher and
 broadly increased with foundress number. We conclude that relatedness and
 host size may combine to reduce selection against communal reproduction on
 hosts and that, unlike other studied parasitoids, G. nephantidis sex
 ratios conform to predictions of both classical and extended LMC theory.
description: As described in the published paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz18
title: Is sexual conflict a driver of speciation? a case study with a tribe of brush-footed butterflies

description: Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms governing the uneven
 distribution of species richness across the tree of life is a great
 challenge in biology. Scientists have long argued that sexual conflict is
 a key driver of speciation. This hypothesis, however, has been highly
 debated in light of empirical evidence. Recent advances in the study of
 macroevolution make it possible to test this hypothesis with more data and
 increased accuracy. In the present study, we use phylogenomics combined
 with four different diversification rate analytical approaches to test
 whether sexual conflict is a driver of speciation in brush-footed
 butterflies of the tribe Acraeini. The presence of sphragis, an external
 mating plug found in most species among Acraeini, was used as a proxy for
 sexual conflict. Diversification analyses statistically reject the
 hypothesis that sexual conflict is associated with shifts in
 diversification rates in Acraeini. This result contrasts with earlier
 studies and suggests that the underlying mechanisms driving
 diversification are more complex than previously considered. In the case
 of butterflies, natural history traits acting in concert with abiotic
 factors possibly play a stronger role in triggering speciation than does
 sexual conflict.
description: Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) using the BUTTERFLY2.0 proble
 set from Kawahara et al. (2018), raw sequences processed with the
 Lepidoptera-specific pipeline as published by Breinholt et al.
 2018.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v15dv41t3
title: Data from: Structural and functional brain connectome in motor neuron diseases: a multicenter MRI study

description: Objective. To investigate structural and functional neural organization in
 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and
 progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) patients. Methods. 173 ALS, 38 PLS, 28
 PMA sporadic patients and 79 healthy controls were recruited from three
 Italian centers. Subjects underwent clinical, neuropsychological and brain
 MRI evaluations. Using graph analysis and connectomics, global and lobar
 topological network properties and regional structural and functional
 brain connectivity were assessed. The association between structural and
 functional network organization and clinical/cognitive data was
 investigated. Results. Compared to healthy controls, ALS and PLS patients
 showed altered structural global network properties, as well as local
 topological alterations and decreased structural connectivity in
 sensorimotor, basal ganglia, frontal and parietal areas. PMA patients
 showed preserved global structure. Patient groups did not show significant
 alterations of functional network topological properties relative to
 controls. Increased local functional connectivity was observed in ALS
 patients in the precentral, middle and superior frontal areas, and in PLS
 patients in the sensorimotor, basal ganglia and temporal networks. In both
 ALS and PLS patients, structural connectivity alterations correlated with
 motor impairment, while functional connectivity disruption was closely
 related to executive dysfunctions and behavioral disturbances.
 Conclusions. This multicenter study showed widespread motor/extra-motor
 network degeneration in ALS and PLS, suggesting that graph analysis and
 connectomics might represent a powerful approach to detect upper motor
 neuron degeneration, extra-motor brain changes and network reorganization
 associated with the disease. Network-based advanced MRI provides an
 objective in vivo assessment of motor neuron diseases, delivering
 potential prognostic markers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc87z
title: Data presented in: Walking Drosophila navigate complex plumes using stochastic decisions biased by the timing of odor encounters

description: How insects navigate complex odor plumes, where the location and timing of
 odor packets are uncertain, remains unclear. Here, we imaged complex odor
 plumes simultaneously with freely-walking flies, quantifying how behavior
 is shaped by encounters with individual odor packets. We found that
 navigation was stochastic, and did not rely on the continuous modulation
 of speed or orientation. Instead, flies turned stochastically with
 stereotyped saccades, whose direction was biased upwind by the timing of
 prior odor encounters, while the magnitude and rate of saccades remained
 constant. Further, flies used the timing of odor encounters to modulate
 the transition rates between walks and stops. In more regular
 environments, flies continuously modulate speed and orientation, even
 though encounters can still occur randomly due to animal motion. We find
 that in less predictable environments, where encounters are random in both
 space and time, walking flies instead navigate with random walks biased by
 encounter timing.
description: See Readme File
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsgd
title: Data from: Reproductive isolation caused by azoospermia in sterile male hybrids of Drosophila

description: Recently diverged populations in the early stages of speciation offer an
 opportunity to understand mechanisms of isolation and their relative
 contributions. Drosophila willistoni is a tropical species with broad
 distribution from Argentina to the southern United States, including the
 Caribbean islands. A postzygotic barrier between northern populations
 (North America, Central America and the northern Caribbean islands) and
 southern populations (South American and the southern Caribbean islands)
 has been recently documented and used to propose the existence of two
 different subspecies. Here we identify premating isolation between
 populations regardless of their subspecies status. We find no evidence of
 postmating prezygotic isolation and proceeded to characterize hybrid male
 sterility between the subspecies. Sterile male hybrids transfer an
 ejaculate that is devoid of sperm but causes elongation and expansion of
 the female uterus. In sterile male hybrids, bulging of the seminal vesicle
 appears to impede the movement of the sperm towards the sperm pump, where
 sperm normally mixes with accessory gland products. Our results highlight
 a unique form of hybrid male sterility in Drosophila that is driven by a
 mechanical impediment to transfer sperm rather than by an abnormality of
 the sperm itself. Interestingly, this form of sterility is reminiscent of
 a form of infertility (azoospermia) that is caused by lack of sperm in the
 semen due to blockages that impede the sperm from reaching the ejaculate.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vx0k6djnr
title: Data from: Gait coordination in overground walking with a virtual reality avatar

description: Little information is currently available on interpersonal gait
 synchronisation in overground walking. This is caused by difficulties in
 continuous gait monitoring over many steps while ensuring repeatability of
 experimental conditions. These challenges could be overcome by utilising
 immersive virtual reality (VR), assuming it offers ecological validity. To
 this end, this study provides some of the first evidence of gait
 coordination patterns for overground walking dyads in VR. Six subjects
 covered the total distance of 27 km while walking with a pacer. The pacer
 was either a real human subject or their anatomically and biomechanically
 representative VR avatar driven by an artificial intelligence algorithm.
 Side-by-side and front-to-back arrangements were tested without and with
 the instruction to synchronise steps. Little evidence of spontaneous gait
 coordination was found in both visual conditions, but persistent gait
 coordination patterns were found in the case of intentional
 synchronisation. Front-to-back rather than side-by-side arrangement
 consistently yielded in the latter case higher mean synchronisation
 strength index. Although the mean magnitude of synchronisation strength
 index was overall comparable in both visual conditions when walking under
 the instruction to synchronise steps, quantitative and qualitative
 differences were found which might be associated with common limitations
 of VR solutions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcc7n
title: Data from: An Early Devonian actinostelic euphyllophyte with secondary growth from the Emsian of Gaspé (Canada) and the importance of tracheid wall thickening patterns in early euphyllophyte systematics

description: Secondary growth is a tracheophyte structural feature whose earliest known
 occurrence dates to the late Pragian-early Emsian. 
 Armoricaphyton, Franhueberia and an unnamed plant from eastern Canada
 represent the only instances of secondary growth documented to date for
 the Early Devonian.  Here, we describe a new Early Devonian
 euphyllophyte exhibiting secondary growth, from the Emsian (c. 400-395 Ma)
 Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada): Gmujij tetraxylopteroides gen.
 et sp. nov. is characterized by a mesarch actinostele with
 Psilophyton-type (P-type) tracheid wall thickenings and exhibits a new
 type of anatomical organization among Early Devonian wood-producing
 euphyllophytes.  Gmujij differs from coeval euphyllophytes, but
 lack of data on branching patterns, reproductive structures and other
 traditional diagnostic features preclude classification among previously
 recognized euphyllophyte groups.  We experiment with a numerical
 approach to tracheid size distributions, to compare Gmujij with younger
 euphyllophytes exhibiting secondary growth.  Comparisons show
 similarity between Gmujij and aneurophytalean progymnosperms, such as
 Tetraxylopteris.  However, its plesiomorphic P-type tracheids set
 apart Gmujij from younger actinostelic euphyllophytes, raising questions
 on the importance of tracheid thickening patterns as diagnostic characters
 separating major lineages.  Answers to this question hinge on
 whether transitions between wall thickening patterns require simple or
 complex changes in developmental regulation, a matter that requires
 improved understanding of regulatory programs that determine tracheid
 thickening patterns.  Irrespective of these, Gmujij adds a new
 component to the diversity of anatomically preserved plants known in the
 Early Devonian, an incompletely explored interval of tracheophyte
 anatomical diversification, contributing information that will help
 understanding of the evolutionary origins of secondary growth.
description: Direct measurements and summary statistics.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m52uc3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 823 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Quercus parvula shrevei"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 823 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002330-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x1m
title: Data for: The paradoxical rarity of a parasitic fruit fly fungus attacking a broad range of hosts

description: Understanding the factors that determine the realized and potential
 distribution of a species requires knowledge of abiotic, physiological,
 limitations as well as ecological interactions. Entomopathogenic fungi of
 the order Laboulbeniales specialize on arthropod hosts and are typically
 thought to be highly specialized on a single host or closely related group
 of hosts. Because infections are solely transmitted through direct contact
 of the hosts, the host ecology to a large extent determines the
 distribution and occurrence of the fungus. We examined ~20,000 fruit flies
 (Diptera: Dacinae) collected in Malaysia, Sulawesi, Australia and the
 Solomon Islands between 2017–2019 for ectoparasitic fungal infections and
 found 197 infected flies across eight
 different Bactrocera species. Morphology and small
 subunit (18S) DNA sequences both support that the infections are from a
 single polyphagous fungal species. This presents the paradox of
 why S. dacinus is not more common when its hosts are
 widespread and ubiquitous. In addition, the hosts are
 all Bactrocera, a genus with ~480 species, but
 many sympatric Bactrocera were never infected.
 Host-selection does not appear to be phylogenetically correlated. Our
 results show that a single fungus species can be found on different host
 species in different continents. We discuss factors that might be involved
 in determining the host and distribution range of S. dacinus,
 such as host resistance, and discuss the potential for population control
 of agriculturally important hosts, such as the pestiferous Oriental fruit
 fly Bactrocera dorsalis and the Queensland fruit
 fly B. tryoni.
DOI: 10.6078/d1xt4f
title: High-throughput Synthesis and Transformations of CsPbBr nanocrystals characterized by UV-Vis Absorption and Fluorescence

description: These experiments are a dataset of absorption and photoluminescence
 emission spectra of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized under
 different conditions, published as a companion dataset for “Elucidating
 the Weakly Reversible Cs-Pb-Br Perovskite Nanocrystal Reaction Network
 with High-Throughput Maps and Transformations”
 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c04997). It also includes deconvolution of
 the absorption and emission spectra and other calculations, and a notebook
 including the deconvolution algorithm and some helpful visualization code.
description: In the mapping
 experiments, oleylamine, oleic acid, lead and cesium are mixed in a vial
 and the reaction is initiated by adding benzoyl bromide in a procedure
 derived from the synthesis reported by Imran et al.
 (doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b13477).  In the transformation experiments,
 reactions between different products are probed by adding more reagents to
 some of the samples. The synthesis is carried out on a NIMBUS
 Microlab liquid handling robot, and the synthesis solutions are
 transferred to a quartz microplate, diluted and absorbance and emission
 spectra are measured on a Biotek Dyna 2 microplate reader. Reactions with
 failed benzoyl bromide injection are excluded from the dataset. Other
 calculations are performed as noted in the metadata file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m63xsj3zf
title: Legacy of Amazonian Dark Earth soils on forest structure and species composition

description: Aim: Amazonian forests predominantly grow on highly weathered and nutrient
 poor soils. Anthropogenically enriched Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE),
 traditionally known as Terra Preta de Índio), were formed by pre-Columbian
 populations. ADE soils are characterized by increased fertility and have
 continued to be exploited following European colonization. Here, we
 evaluated the legacy of land-use and soil enrichment on the composition
 and structure in ADE and NDE forests. Location: Eeastern and southern
 Amazonia Time period: Pre-Columbia - 2014 Methods: We sampled nine pairs
 of ADE and adjacent NDE forest plots in eastern and southern Amazonia. We
 collected soil samples per plot at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth and measured
 stem diameter, height, and identified all individual woody plants (palms,
 trees, and lianas) with diameter ≥10 cm. We compared soil physicochemical
 properties, vegetation diversity, floristic composition, aboveground
 biomass, and percentage of useful species. Results: In the nine paired
 plots, soil fertility was significantly higher in ADE soil. We sampled
 4191 individual woody plants representing 404 species and 65 families. The
 floristic composition of ADE and NDE forests differed significantly at
 both local and regional levels. In southern Amazonia, ADE forests had, on
 average, higher aboveground biomass than other forests of the region,
 while in eastern Amazonia, biomass was similar to that of NDE forests.
 Species richness of both forest types did not differ and was within the
 range of existing regional studies. The differences in composition between
 trees of large and small diameter recruits may indicate long-term recovery
 and residual effects from historical land-use. Additionally, the
 proportion of edible species tended to be higher in the ADE forests of
 eastern and southern Amazonia. Main conclusions: The marked differences in
 soil fertility, floristic composition and aboveground biomass between ADE
 and NDE forests are consistent with a small-scale long-term land-use
 legacy.