cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124268.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Aktueller Stand Internalisierender Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Sind sie aus den Kinderschuhen ausgewachsen?

description: Internalisierende Störungen sind die häufigsten psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Es kann heute als erwiesen angesehen werden, dass Angst- und depressive Störungen nicht auswachsen, sondern im Gegenteil stabil sind und einen beträchtlichen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung weiterer psychischer Störungen im Erwachsenenalter darstellen. Daher sollte diesen Störungen in der Früherkennung, Prävention und Versorgung vermehrt Beachtung geschenkt werden, da diese Kinder häufig zu lange im Stillen leiden, bevor sie adäquate Hilfe erhalten. Für eine Verbesserung der Versorgungslage sollte eine Reihe von Fachpersonen mit einbezogen werden, die mit Kindern und Jugendlichen in regelmäßigem Kontakt stehen. Zudem sollten auch Kinder und Jugendliche selbst über psychische Probleme aufgeklärt werden. Sind Angst- und depressive Störungen erkannt, liegen gut überprüfte Therapien vor, die auch nachhaltig wirksam sind. Nebst der Verbesserung der Früherkennung und Steigerung der Wirksamkeit von Interventionsprogrammen sollten Präventionsprogramme zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen psychischen Gesundheit gefördert und durchgeführt werden.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124256
title: Supplementary Material for: Joint Analysis for Integrating Two Related Studies of Different Data Types and Different Study Designs Using Hierarchical Modeling Approaches

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> A chronic disease such as asthma is the result of a complex sequence of biological interactions involving multiple genes and pathways in response to a multitude of environmental exposures. However, methods to model jointly all factors are still evolving. Some of the current challenges include how to integrate knowledge from different data types and different disciplines, as well as how to utilize relevant external information such as gene annotation to identify novel disease genes and gene-environment inter-actions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we developed two alternative methods for joint analysis of an epidemiologic study of a disease endpoint and an experimental study of intermediate phenotypes, while incorporating external information. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our simulation studies demonstrated superior performance of the proposed hierarchical models compared to separate analysis with the standard single-level regression modeling approach. The combined analyses of the Southern California Children's Health Study and challenge study data suggest that these joint analytical methods detected more significant genetic main and gene-environment interaction effects than the conventional analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The proposed prior framework is very flexible and can be generalized for an integrative analysis of diverse sources of relevant biological data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124262.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Asymptomatic Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Case Report

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is an acquired demyelinating lesion of the basis pontis that typically occurs after rapid correction of hyponatremia. There are only a few reported cases of patients without symptoms that have demonstrated CPM on imaging. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We report the case of a 26-year-old Hispanic male with history of alcohol abuse who was transferred to our medical center for acute onset diffuse abdominal pain. During his work up, a computed tomography scan demonstrated a large pancreatic mass. He underwent an endoscopic guided biopsy which demonstrated a rare and aggressive natural killer T cell lymphoma. His laboratory values were consistent with hyponatremia, which the medical team gently corrected. An MRI was performed for staging purposes which revealed findings consistent with CPM. A full neurological exam demonstrated no deficits. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We conducted a PubMed search using the following keywords: asymptomatic, central, pontine, and myelinolysis in order to find other case reports of asymptomatic CPM. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 29 results, only 6 previous case reports with English language abstracts of asymptomatic CPM were present since 1995. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite slow correction of hyponatremia, CPM can be an important consequence, especially in patients with chronic alcoholism. Although this patient did not demonstrate any neurological deficits, the fact that there were changes seen on MRI should caution physicians in aggressively treating hyponatremia. Furthermore, if there is a decision to treat, then fluid restriction and reversal of precipitating factors (i.e. diuretics) should be used initially, unless there is concern for hypovolemia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124247
title: Supplementary Material for: Mild Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Seem to Influence Functional Exercise Capacity: A Multi-Case Control Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> In the Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases population-based multi-case control study, we investigated whether asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB) and rhinitis were associated with a reduced 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and whether the 6MWD determinants were similar for subjects with/without respiratory diseases. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Cases of asthma (n = 360), CB (n = 120), rhinitis (n = 203) and controls (no respiratory diseases: n = 302) were recruited. The variation in the 6MWD across the groups was analyzed by ANCOVA, adjusting for gender, age, height, weight and comorbidity. The 6MWD determinants were studied by linear regression, and heterogeneity across the cases and controls was investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 6MWD differed across cases and controls (p = 0.01). It was shorter for cases of asthma (–17.1, 95% CI –28.3 to –5.8 m) and CB (–20.7, 95% CI: –36.6 to –4.8 m) than for controls (604 ± 68 m on average), but not for cases of rhinitis. The negative association between age and the 6MWD was significant for cases of CB, but not for the other groups (p = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Even at the level of severity found in the general population, asthma and CB could influence the 6MWD, which seems to reflect the functional exercise level for daily physical activities. The negative association between ageing and the 6MWD was particularly strong in subjects with CB. Our report adds to the mounting evidence that CB is not a trivial condition, especially in the ageing adult population, and it supports the importance of monitoring functional capacity and of physical reconditioning in mild asthma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124250
title: Supplementary Material for: Longitudinal Study of Looming in Infants with High-Density EEG

description: A rapidly approaching object provides information about the object's approach and how imminent a collision is. Prospective control when responding to a looming virtual object approaching on a direct collision course was studied longitudinally in 10 infants aged 5/6 and 12/13 months. Different characteristics of the looming-related visual evoked potential (VEP) responses from infants' brain electrical recordings (EEG) were explored and compared between the infants at these different ages. The aim of this study was to find evidence for infant brain electrical responses coherent with a looming stimulus approaching the infant under three different accelerations. It was also investigated whether the use of different timing strategies to estimate the loom's time-to-collision would produce differences in the EEG recordings. The results showed that the timing and the duration of the VEP responses differed with age. At the age of 5/6 months, infants showed VEP peaks earlier in the looming sequence and VEP responses with longer duration than when they were 12/13 months old. Results from the timing-strategy analysis showed that with age, 4 infants shifted from a less efficient timing strategy involving the loom's velocity to the more efficient strategy involving the loom's time-to-collision. Further, it was found that peak VEP activation in the investigated areas propagated across the cortex, showing the highest observed activation in the occipital area at the age of 5/6 months, whereas the parietal area showed the highest activation when the infants were 12/13 months. The decrease in processing time together with a peak VEP response closer to the loom's time-to-collision indicate a developmental trend in infants' prediction of an object's time-to-collision. This developmental trend is further substantiated by the shift from a less efficient to a more efficient timing strategy and by evidence of propagated peak VEP activation towards higher information processing areas in the visual pathway with age. As infants grow older and become more mobile, one of the underlying causes of the developmental trend found in our study could be due to an increase in locomotor experience. More follow-up research is needed to investigate the relation between behavioural development and changes in brain activity associated with infants' perception of looming motion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124259.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Native Soluble Carcinoembryonic Antigen Is Not Involved in the Impaired Activity of CD56<sup>dim</sup> Natural Killer Cells in Malignant Pleural Effusion

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that play a crucial role in tumor immune surveillance. Accumulated data indicated that NK cells in the tumor microenvironment often display a suppressed function. However, the mechanism is not clear. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> In this study, the effects and relative mechanisms of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) from patients with lung cancer on NK cells were researched. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MPE and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from patients with lung cancer. The cytotoxic activity of CD56<sup>dim</sup> NK cells in PB and MPE mononuclear cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> It was observed that the percentages of total NK cells and a CD56<sup>dim</sup> NK subset in MPE reduced accompanying impaired cytotoxic activity compared with that in paired PB. Cell-free MPE treatment reduced both the proportion and cytotoxic activity of CD56<sup>dim</sup> NK cells in PB from healthy donors. The suppression effects were not based on soluble carcinoembryonic antigen and the inhibitory cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β<sub>1</sub>, but were dependent on the factor with a molecular weight &gt;100 kDa. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results demonstrated that native soluble carcinoembryonic antigen does not suppress the activity of NK cells, and an unknown factor with a molecular weight &gt;100 kDa plays a critical role in the impairment of CD56<sup>dim</sup> NK cells in MPE, which might lead to tumor progression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124244
title: Supplementary Material for: Could a Possible Crosstalk between AMPK and TGF-β Signaling Pathways Be a Key Player in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors?

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are known for their specific heterogeneity and ambiguous outcome for the affected patients. The <i>LKB1 </i>and <i>SMAD4 </i>genes are pivotal components of important signaling pathways, including AMPK and TGF-β. To our knowledge, no study has reported an association between the expression levels of these genes in SGTs. The expression levels of <i>LKB1 </i>and <i>SMAD4 </i>were evaluated to clarify their possible crosstalk in SGTs. <b><i>Materials and Methods: </i></b>A total of 50 fresh tissue specimens were obtained from patients with SGTs, including pleomorphic adenoma (PA), Warthin’s tumor (WT), intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CexPA), as well as 8 normal samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for all samples with specific primers. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Data were analyzed using statistical methods. PA, WT, MEC, and SDC showed a significant decrease in <i>LKB1 </i>levels, but the gene was up-regulated in CexPA. <i>SMAD4 </i>was overexpressed in all samples. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>The results suggest a possible link between downregulation of <i>LKB1 </i>and overexpression of <i>SMAD4 </i>in SGTs. <i>LKB1 </i>depletion leads to upregulation of <i>SMAD4</i>, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells. Therefore, <i>LKB1 </i>and <i>SMAD4 </i>could be key players in inducing tumor heterogeneity in SGTs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124247.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Mild Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Seem to Influence Functional Exercise Capacity: A Multi-Case Control Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> In the Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases population-based multi-case control study, we investigated whether asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB) and rhinitis were associated with a reduced 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and whether the 6MWD determinants were similar for subjects with/without respiratory diseases. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Cases of asthma (n = 360), CB (n = 120), rhinitis (n = 203) and controls (no respiratory diseases: n = 302) were recruited. The variation in the 6MWD across the groups was analyzed by ANCOVA, adjusting for gender, age, height, weight and comorbidity. The 6MWD determinants were studied by linear regression, and heterogeneity across the cases and controls was investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 6MWD differed across cases and controls (p = 0.01). It was shorter for cases of asthma (–17.1, 95% CI –28.3 to –5.8 m) and CB (–20.7, 95% CI: –36.6 to –4.8 m) than for controls (604 ± 68 m on average), but not for cases of rhinitis. The negative association between age and the 6MWD was significant for cases of CB, but not for the other groups (p = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Even at the level of severity found in the general population, asthma and CB could influence the 6MWD, which seems to reflect the functional exercise level for daily physical activities. The negative association between ageing and the 6MWD was particularly strong in subjects with CB. Our report adds to the mounting evidence that CB is not a trivial condition, especially in the ageing adult population, and it supports the importance of monitoring functional capacity and of physical reconditioning in mild asthma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124256.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Joint Analysis for Integrating Two Related Studies of Different Data Types and Different Study Designs Using Hierarchical Modeling Approaches

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> A chronic disease such as asthma is the result of a complex sequence of biological interactions involving multiple genes and pathways in response to a multitude of environmental exposures. However, methods to model jointly all factors are still evolving. Some of the current challenges include how to integrate knowledge from different data types and different disciplines, as well as how to utilize relevant external information such as gene annotation to identify novel disease genes and gene-environment inter-actions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we developed two alternative methods for joint analysis of an epidemiologic study of a disease endpoint and an experimental study of intermediate phenotypes, while incorporating external information. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our simulation studies demonstrated superior performance of the proposed hierarchical models compared to separate analysis with the standard single-level regression modeling approach. The combined analyses of the Southern California Children's Health Study and challenge study data suggest that these joint analytical methods detected more significant genetic main and gene-environment interaction effects than the conventional analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The proposed prior framework is very flexible and can be generalized for an integrative analysis of diverse sources of relevant biological data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124241
title: Supplementary Material for: Asthmatic Response to Milk Ingestion Challenge in Adults: A Comparison of the Open and Double-Blind Challenges

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Cow’s milk allergy can participate in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bronchial asthma in some adult patients. This role should ultimately be confirmed by means of a milk ingestion challenge. In this study, the diagnostic value of the open food ingestion challenge (OFICH) and the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) techniques with milk were compared in adult patients suffering from bronchial asthma with suspected milk allergy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 87 asthmatics with a suspected history and positive skin tests for milk, the 87 OFICHs and DBPCFCs were performed in combination with spirometry and followed up to 72 h after the challenge. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 87 patients, 74 (85%) developed a positive asthmatic response (AR) (20 immediate, 33 late, 6 dual late and 15 delayed; p &lt; 0.01) and 13 (15%) developed a negative AR (p &gt; 0.1) to OFICH. Seventy-five (86%) developed a positive AR (17 immediate, 35 late, 8 dual late and 15 delayed; p &lt; 0.01) and 12 (14%) developed a negative AR (p &gt; 0.05) to DBPCFC. The correlation between the OFICH and DBPCFC was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01). All placebo control challenges were negative (p &gt; 0.2). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In some adults with bronchial asthma, involvement of an allergy to cow’s milk results in the appearance of various AR types (immediate, late, dual late or delayed). The milk allergy can be confirmed by open or double-blind techniques, combined with spirometry. No significant differences were found between the OFICH and DBPCFC results. OFICH with natural milk combined with spirometry seems, therefore, to be an adequate technique for the detection of milk allergy in asthmatics. The DBPCFC can be performed as an additional check, if necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124244.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Could a Possible Crosstalk between AMPK and TGF-β Signaling Pathways Be a Key Player in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors?

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are known for their specific heterogeneity and ambiguous outcome for the affected patients. The <i>LKB1 </i>and <i>SMAD4 </i>genes are pivotal components of important signaling pathways, including AMPK and TGF-β. To our knowledge, no study has reported an association between the expression levels of these genes in SGTs. The expression levels of <i>LKB1 </i>and <i>SMAD4 </i>were evaluated to clarify their possible crosstalk in SGTs. <b><i>Materials and Methods: </i></b>A total of 50 fresh tissue specimens were obtained from patients with SGTs, including pleomorphic adenoma (PA), Warthin’s tumor (WT), intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CexPA), as well as 8 normal samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for all samples with specific primers. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Data were analyzed using statistical methods. PA, WT, MEC, and SDC showed a significant decrease in <i>LKB1 </i>levels, but the gene was up-regulated in CexPA. <i>SMAD4 </i>was overexpressed in all samples. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>The results suggest a possible link between downregulation of <i>LKB1 </i>and overexpression of <i>SMAD4 </i>in SGTs. <i>LKB1 </i>depletion leads to upregulation of <i>SMAD4</i>, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells. Therefore, <i>LKB1 </i>and <i>SMAD4 </i>could be key players in inducing tumor heterogeneity in SGTs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124235
title: Supplementary Material for: Meteorological and Intelligence Evidence of Long-Distance Transit of Chemical Weapons Fallout from Bombing Early in the 1991 Persian Gulf War

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Coalition bombings on the night of 18–19 January 1991, early in the Gulf War, targeted the Iraqi chemical weapons infrastructure. On 19 January 1991, nerve agent alarms sounded within Coalition positions hundreds of kilometers to the south, and the trace presence of sarin vapor was identified by multiple technologies. Considering only surface dispersion of plumes from explosions, officials concluded that the absence of casualties around bombed sites precluded long-distance transit of debris to US troop positions to explain the alarms and detections. Consequently, they were discounted as false positives, and low-level nerve agent exposure early in the air war was disregarded in epidemiologic investigations of chronic illnesses. <b><i>Intelligence Data:</i></b> Newly assembled evidence indicates that plumes from those nighttime bombings of Iraqi chemical facilities would have traversed the stable nocturnal boundary layer and penetrated the residual layer where they would be susceptible to rapid transit by supergeostrophic winds. This explanation is supported by plume height predictions, available weather charts, weather satellite images showing transit of a hot air mass, effects of solar mixing of atmospheric layers, and observations of a stationary weather front and thermal inversion in the region. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Current evidence supports long-distance transit. Epidemiologic studies of chronic postwar illness should be reassessed using veterans’ reports of hearing nerve agent alarms as the measure of exposure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124238
title: Supplementary Material for: Performance Comparison of Affymetrix SNP6.0 and Cytogenetic 2.7M Whole-Genome Microarrays in Complex Cancer Samples

description: The Affymetrix cytogenetic 2.7M whole-genome microarray (Cyto2.7M) detects genomic aberrations. The Cyto2.7M array has increased coverage in regions with cancer-related genes, ∼4-fold reduced processing time, and 5-fold reduced input requirements (100 ng) compared to the commonly used Affymetrix SNP6.0 genome-wide microarray (SNP6.0). We set out to compare the performance of these microarrays on cancer samples containing complex genomic changes. We analyzed genomic DNA from 8 lymphoma samples and 1 blood sample using both SNP6.0 and Cyto2.7M microarrays. We compared the arrays with respect to 4 parameters, including detection of copy number variations (CNV), CNV boundaries, the actual copy number (CN) assigned to the aberrations, and loss of heterozygosity. The CN state of selected regions was validated by quantitative PCR. Very high consistency between arrays on all parameters tested was observed, hence only 30 of 224 aberrations disagreed on the CN state, corresponding to a total of ∼12 Mb or 0.06% of the analyzed base pairs. Thus, the SNP6.0 and Cyto2.7M arrays are equally well suited to detect genomic aberrations in complex samples such as cancer samples. With reduced processing time and lower input requirements, the Cyto2.7M array enables genomic analysis of samples where only limited DNA is available.