DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m93p
title: Risk factors for mild depression in older women with overactive bladder syndrome: a cross sectional study

description: Background: Studies demonstrate an association between severe depression
 and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).  However, mild depression
 is constantly overlooked. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
 clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with mild depression in
 women with OAB. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 241 women over 60
 years old in Brasilia, Brazil.  All patients were subjected to an
 interview followed by questionnaires and physical examination. The
 clinical and sociodemographic variables analyzed were age, body mass
 index, physical activity level, OAB symptoms, presence of gynecological
 surgery, fecal incontinence, systemic arterial hypertension, Diabetes
 Mellitus, anxiety (Beck Anxiety Scale). The Geriatric Depression Scale-15
 (GDS-15) was used to identify depression. Univariate logistic regression
 was used to assess the correlation between mild depression and the
 variables chosen. Variables with a p-value less than 0.2 were included in
 the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The level of confidence was
 set at 95%. Results: 121 volunteers suffered from mild depression. The
 multivariate analysis demonstrated that gynecological surgery (p
 &lt;.001) and anxiety (p &lt;.001) are factors associated with
 mild depression. Older women with a history of gynecological surgery and a
 GDS-15 score of 2.04 were 1.08 times more likely to develop mild
 depression compared to older women with no history of
 gynecological  surgery. Conclusion: Anxiety and a history of
 gynecological surgery are factors that need to be taken into account and
 may influence the development of mild depression in older women with OAB.
 Psychological treatment should be considered an important adjunct in the
 treatment of women with symptoms of Overactive Bladder Syndrome
description: We performed a sample calculation using the G Power 3.1.9.2
 program with data obtained from a pilot study of 15 elderly women without
 depressive symptoms and 15 with mild depressive symptoms. Including the
 independent variables separately, i.e., fecal incontinence and
 gynecological surgery, and using the presence or absence of symptoms of
 mild depression as dependent variables for the univariate logistic
 regression, and considering a power of 90% and an alpha error of 0.05, a
 sample of 229 participants was determined. We added 5% more to account for
 data loss, totaling 241 participants. The non-normal
 distribution of the data was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The
 categorical data were presented in terms of frequency and percentage.
 Non-normally distributed continuous data were presented as median and
 interquartile range (25-75%). Continuous data were compared between the
 two groups of older women using the Mann-Whitney U test (mild depression
 and no-mild depression). Categorical data were compared using the
 Chi-square test. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to
 determine the association between each independent variable and the
 dependent variable (symptoms of depression). The
 factors included in the model were age, BMI (continuous variable),
 physical activity level (active or non-active), fecal incontinence,
 history of gynecological surgery, SAH, DM, and presence of anxiety
 (continuous variable). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each
 explanatory variable with 95% confidence intervals. Subsequently,
 variables that showed a p-value of association of less than 0.20 in the
 univariate regression analysis were included in the multivariate logistic
 regression analysis [20]. The best model was selected based on the
 procedure of reduction of variables, using the enter method. The
 significance level considered was 0.05. Data analysis was performed using
 the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. The null
 hypothesis was rejected for P-values &lt;0.05.