DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq30j
title: Data from: Multifaceted impacts of an innovation on dental diversity in an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes

description: Evolutionary innovations bring species into new ecological zones by
 opening ecological opportunity. However, innovations can have varied
 effects on morphology, which is determined by both intrinsic properties of
 the innovation and extrinsic properties of the adaptive zone. Here, we
 show that the evolution of complex teeth with multiple cusps, a vertebrate
 innovation, has mixed effects on the trajectory of dental evolution in an
 adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes. Complex teeth first evolved outside
 Lake Tanganyika and facilitated a secondary incursion of riverine lineages
 into the lake through herbivorous niches. Complex dentitions are more
 restricted and segregate along multiple axes of dental diversity. This
 dental novelty generated by the evolution of complex teeth was likely
 spurred by adaptive evolution pulling traits towards distinct optima. By
 accelerating the diversification of tooth cusps, complex teeth unlocked a
 new axis of dental diversity, leading to diversification within but not
 between ecological niches. These patterns are likely driven by the
 functional demands of herbivory. Our results show that innovations can
 shape the tempo and mode of morphological change through both intrinsic
 and extrinsic effects. Because the consequence of innovation is often
 varied, our results highlight the need to jointly consider these effects
 to better understand the macroevolutionary diversity of innovations and
 their outcomes.
description: # Data from: Multifaceted impacts of an innovation on dental diversity in
 an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.wstqjq30j](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.wstqjq30j) ##
 Description of the data and file structure The data files contain
 measurements of dental traits (Tooth_Trait_Data_CLEAN.csv), linear
 measurements of teeth (Tooth_Shape_Data_Linear_CLEAN.csv) and geometric
 morphometric outlines of tooth cusps (Tooth_Cusp_Shapes_morpho.TPS) for
 150 species of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes. The time calibrated
 phylogeny (in NEXUS format; pruned_tree.nex) used for all phylogenetic
 comparative analyses is included.  Also included are RevBayes
 ([https://revbayes.github.io/](https://revbayes.github.io/)) scripts,
 together with the associated input data (.nex data files) to replicate the
 analyses in the associated manuscript.  ### Files and variables #### File:
 Tooth_Cusp_Shapes_morpho.TPS **Description:** .TPS file of tooth cusp
 shape outlines for 150 species of Lake Tanganyika cichlids, generated
 using tpsDIG2. The file can be read into R using the 'geomorph'
 package
 ([https://github.com/geomorphR/geomorph](https://github.com/geomorphR/geomorph)).  #### File: Tooth_Trait_Data_CLEAN.csv **Description:** Measurements of dental and jaw traits for 150 species of Lake Tanganyika cichlids. ##### Variables * phylo_ID: Tip name in phylogenetic tree * Genus: Genus * Species: Species * Unique_ID: Unique specimen ID * SL: Standard length (mm) * J_width: Jaw width (mm) * LJ_length: Lower jaw length (mm) * UJ_length: Lower jaw width (mm) * LJ_outer_num: Number of teeth in outer row on lower jaw  * LJ_outer_cusp: Number of cusps on the outer row teeth on the lower jaw * LJ_inner_cusp: Number of cusps on the inner row teeth on the lower jaw * LJ_inner_row_num: Number of inner tooth rows on the lower jaw * UJ_outer_num: Number of teeth in outer row on upper jaw * UJ_outer_csup: Number of cusps on the outer row teeth on the upper jaw * UJ_inner_cusp: Number of cusps on the inner row teeth on the upper jaw * UJ_inner_row_num: Number of inner tooth rows on the upper jaw * cusp: Discrete categorization of species as having simple (0) or complex (1) teeth #### File: Tooth_Shape_Data_Linear_CLEAN.csv **Description:** Linear measurements of teeth for 150 species of Lake Tanganyika cichlids. ##### Variables * Genus: Genus * Species: Species * Unique_ID: Unique specimen ID * Jaw: Upper or lower * Tooth_ID: 1-5; 1 being anterior and 5 being posterior, in series * tooth_height: Height of the tooth (mm) * tooth_distance: Distance through the tooth from base to tip (mm) * tooth_curve: Distance/Height (ratio) * cusp_labial_width: Width of the cusp (mm), labial view * cusp_lateral_width: Width of the cusp (mm), lateral view * cusp_height: Cusp height (mm) * tooth_base: Width of the base (mm), lateral view * perp_height: Perpendicular height of the tooth (mm) * flat_ratio: labial width/lateral width (ratio) * enamel_ratio: cusp height/tooth height (ratio) * taper: cusp height/labial width (ratio) #### File: input_dentition_data.nex **Description:** NEXUS formatted file of dentition trait data used as input for RevBayes analyses. #### File: input_discrete_character.nex **Description:** NEXUS formatted discrete character data input for ancestral state reconstruction. 0 refers to species with simple teeth, and 1 to species with complex teeth. #### File: input_shape_data.nex **Description:** NEXUS formatted file of tooth cusp shape data used as input for RevBayes analyses. #### File: input_linear_data.nex **Description:** NEXUS formatted file of linear tooth trait data used as input for RevBayes analyses. #### File: pruned_tree.nex **Description:** Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree (in NEXUS format) used for all phylogenetic comparative analyses. #### File: relaxed_BM_linear.Rev **Description:** RevBayes script to estimate branch-specific rates of continuous trait evolution under Brownian motion (BM), using the linear measurements of teeth as input (input_linear_data.nex). #### File: relaxed_BM_dentition.Rev **Description:** RevBayes script to estimate branch-specific rates of continuous trait evolution under Brownian motion (BM), using the linear measurements of teeth as input (input_linear_data.nex). #### File: relaxed_BM_shape.Rev **Description:** RevBayes script to estimate branch-specific rates of continuous trait evolution under Brownian motion (BM), using the geometric morphometric data as input (input_shape_data.nex). ## Code/software RevBayes v1.2.1 can be downloaded from [https://revbayes.github.io/download.](https://revbayes.github.io/download) To run .Rev scripts, the data input files and phylogenetic tree file (pruned_tree.nex) should be in the same folder as the script.