DOI: 10.4231/5hm4-ey81
title: Foucault: Lecture 6, 26 November 1985

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Deleuze Seminars&lt;/em&gt; is a collection of audio recordings, transcriptions, and English translations of, and supplemental materials from, the lectures French philosopher Gilles Deleuze gave during his career at the University of Paris 8.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Foucault&quot; was a 26-lecture seminar given from October 1985 to June 1986. In these lectures, Deleuze offers his interpretation and analysis of French philosopher Michel Foucault&#39;s work. Examining the theoretical foundations and major themes of Foucault&#39;s philosophy, Deleuze dedicates several lectures to each of what he calls the &quot;three axes&quot; of Foucault&#39;s thought. This seminar coincides with the publication of Deleuze&#39;s book &lt;em&gt;Foucault&lt;/em&gt; (1986).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the 26 November 1985 lecture, Deleuze opens where he just ended: if knowledge interlinks the visible and the statable, this occurs as both heterogeneous and with the &ldquo;non-relation&rdquo;, suggesting that a gap exists between the visible and the statable, which Foucault demonstrates humorously (cf. &lt;i&gt;This Is Not a Pipe&lt;/i&gt;), logically (cf. &lt;i&gt;Birth of the Clinic&lt;/i&gt;), and historically (cf. &lt;i&gt;The History of Madness &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Discipline and Punish&lt;/i&gt;). Deleuze identifies four confrontations as a function of this fundamental heterogeneity of the visible and the statable: 1) with Kant, and his concepts of receptivity and spontaneity; 2) with Blanchot&rsquo;s statement &ldquo;speaking is not seeing&rdquo;; 3) with cinema&rsquo;s fundamental gap between audio and the visual; 4) with Raymond Roussel&rsquo;s works. Deleuze first returns to Kant&rsquo;s introduction of finitude as original and not derived from an original infinite, then indicating Foucault extension of this (cf. &lt;i&gt;The Order of Things&lt;/i&gt;). Then detailing Foucault&rsquo;s three rapprochements with Blanchot (Blanchot&rsquo;s notion of the Outside; the impersonal &ldquo;one speaks&rdquo; and even &ldquo;one dies&rdquo;; third, from &lt;i&gt;The Infinite Conversation&lt;/i&gt;, &ldquo;speaking is not seeing&rdquo;), Deleuze examines the latter, distinguishing two exercises of speech, one &ldquo;empirical&rdquo; (about what can be seen), another &ldquo;higher&rdquo; (about the unseen, that can only be spoken), i.e. silence. While for Blanchot, seeing either slips into the purely underdetermined or is preparatory for exercising speech, Foucault gives form to the visible, crossing the gap between the two forms, particularly through cinema. Referring to work undertaken in the Cinema seminars (cf. the new use of speech Syberberg, the Straubs, Duras, Mankeiwicz, and Ozu), Deleuze reviews their different ways of establishing a relationship between speaking and seeing, particularly through empty space. Finally, the Foucault-Roussel confrontation awaits the next session.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This dataset for the new version includes four files, the translation and transcription of the session in Open Data Text (odt) format, an aggregate version of the audio recordings in a single mp3, and the original Paris-8 French transcription of the recorded lecture. The aggregate audio file has been downsampled.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Les S&eacute;minaires de Deleuze&lt;/em&gt; sont une collection d&#39;enregistrements audio, de transcriptions et de traductions en anglais et de documents compl&eacute;mentaires des conf&eacute;rences que le philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Gilles Deleuze a donn&eacute; lors de sa carri&egrave;re &agrave; l&#39;Universit&eacute; de Paris 8.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&laquo;Foucault&raquo; &eacute;tait un s&eacute;minaire de 26 conf&eacute;rences donn&eacute; d&#39;octobre 1985 &agrave; juim 1986. Dans ces conf&eacute;rences, Deleuze offre son interpr&eacute;tation et son analyse de l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre du philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Michel Foucault. En examinant les fondements th&eacute;oriques et les th&egrave;mes majeurs de la philosophie de Foucault, Deleuze consacre plusieurs conf&eacute;rences &agrave; chacun de ce qu&#39;il appelle les &laquo;trois axes&raquo; de la pens&eacute;e de Foucault. Ce s&eacute;minaire co&iuml;ncide avec la publication du livre de Deleuze &lt;em&gt;Foucault&lt;/em&gt; (1986).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dans la conf&eacute;rence du 26 novembre 1985, les sujets de discussion comprennent: le savoir comme entrelacement, et l&#39;h&eacute;t&eacute;rog&eacute;n&eacute;it&eacute; du visible et de l&#39;&eacute;nonҫable; le non rapport du visible et de l&#39;&eacute;nonҫable, comme ces montr&eacute; chez Foucault avec humouristiquement, logiquement et historiquement; la notion de d&eacute;linquance, la prison, la d&eacute;linquance-objet, et la d&eacute;linquance-ill&eacute;galisme; le non isomorphisme entre le visible et l&#39;&eacute;nonҫable; le primat de l&#39;&eacute;nonc&eacute; comme d&eacute;terminant; la capture mutuelle entre le visible et l&#39;&eacute;nonҫable; le philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Ren&eacute; Descartes et le cogito; Kant, le cogito, la r&eacute;ceptivit&eacute;, la spontan&eacute;it&eacute; et le sch&eacute;me de l&#39;imagination; le sch&eacute;me comme d&eacute;termination de l&#39;espace et du temps, conform&eacute;ment &agrave; un concept, permettant ainsi la construction de l&#39;objet; la conception classique de la mort; l&#39;anatomiste et pathologiste fran&ccedil;ais Marie Fran&ccedil;ois Xavier Bichat et la d&eacute;termination de la vie, la coextension de la mort &agrave; la vie, et la mort comme n&#39;&eacute;tant plus ins&eacute;cable mais diss&eacute;min&eacute;e, multiple et partielle; Blanchot et son &lt;em&gt;L&#39;entretien infini&lt;/em&gt;; l&#39;image sans ressemblance; la vue, le visible &agrave; distance et le r&ecirc;ve; Blanchot et Foucault; et le cin&eacute;ma et la distribution de l&#39;audio et du visuel. Dans la deuxi&egrave;me partie de la conf&eacute;rence, Deleuze discute de l&#39;h&eacute;t&eacute;rog&eacute;n&eacute;it&eacute; fondamentale du visible et de l&#39;&eacute;nonҫable en termes de confrontations avec: 1) Kant, et les deux facult&eacute;s: r&eacute;ceptivit&eacute; (visibilit&eacute;) et spontan&eacute;it&eacute; (l&#39;&eacute;nonc&eacute;); 2) Blanchot et l&#39;id&eacute;e que &lt;em&gt;parler ce n&#39;est pas voir&lt;/em&gt;; 3) le cin&eacute;ma, et le faille entre l&#39;audio et le visuel, entre le visible et la parole, avec consid&eacute;ration de l&#39;&eacute;crivain et cin&eacute;aste fran&ccedil;ais Marguerite Duras, du r&eacute;alisateur allemand Hans-J&uuml;rgen Syberberg et du cin&eacute;aste fran&ccedil;ais Jean-Marie Straub; et 4) l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre de Roussel.&lt;/p&gt;
description: Lecture given by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze at the University of Paris 8, 26 November 1985. This is lecture 6 of a 26-lecture seminar Deleuze taught between October 1985 and June 1986.