DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sb1j1
title: Data from: Evolutionary bursts in Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) are linked with photosynthetic pathway

description: The mid-Cenozoic decline of atmospheric CO2 levels that promoted global
 climate change was critical to shaping contemporary arid ecosystems.
 Within angiosperms, two CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs)—CAM and
 C4—evolved from the C3 photosynthetic pathway, enabling more efficient
 whole-plant function in such environments. Many angiosperm clades with
 CCMs are thought to have diversified rapidly due to Miocene aridification,
 but links between this climate change, CCM evolution, and increased net
 diversification rates (r) remain to be further understood. Euphorbia
 (∼2000 species) includes a diversity of CAM-utilizing stem succulents,
 plus a single species-rich C4 subclade. We used ancestral state
 reconstructions with a dated molecular phylogeny to reveal that CCMs
 independently evolved 17–22 times in Euphorbia, principally from the
 Miocene onwards. Analyses assessing among-lineage variation in r
 identified eight Euphorbia subclades with significantly increased r, six
 of which have a close temporal relationship with a lineage-corresponding
 CCM origin. Our trait-dependent diversification analysis indicated that r
 of Euphorbia CCM lineages is approximately three-fold greater than C3
 lineages. Overall, these results suggest that CCM evolution in Euphorbia
 was likely an adaptive strategy that enabled the occupation of increased
 arid niche space accompanying Miocene expansion of arid ecosystems. These
 opportunities evidently facilitated recent, replicated bursts of
 diversification in Euphorbia.
description: Complete dataset with
 all nucleotide positions10-marker, 197-taxon,
 17kb dataset of Euphorbia plus subfamily Euphorbioideae outgroups based on
 the dataset of Horn et al. (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 63:305–326, 2012), with
 23 additional Euphorbia taxa. This Nexus file archives the full alignment,
 exclusion sets, and locus partitions.Euphorbia10markerComplete.nexExclusion sets, data partitions & models, and Bayesian analysis parameters10-marker, 197-taxon, 11.5kb dataset of Euphorbia plus subfamily Euphorbioideae outgroups based on the dataset of Horn et al. (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 63:305–326, 2012), with 23 additional Euphorbia taxa. This Nexus file has exclusion sets removed from the full-length 17kb dataset (i.e., "Eliminate" command in PAUP execution of the full-length 17kb dataset), and archives data partitions and models, and MrBayes run parameters as described in the Supplemental Methods. See Table S2 for a fuller description of the subset partitions within each of the 15 partitions.Euphorbia10markerExclusionSets&Bayes.nexDivergence dating analysis dataset and execution parameters10-marker, 197-taxon, 11.5kb dataset of Euphorbia plus subfamily Euphorbioideae outgroups based on the dataset of 10-marker, 197-taxon, 11.5kb dataset of Euphorbia plus subfamily Euphorbioideae outgroups based on the dataset of Horn et al. (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 63:305–326, 2012), with 23 additional Euphorbia taxa.. This xml file generated by BEAUTi v1.7.4 archives the details of calibration and starting-tree priors for the divergence-dating analysis using BEAST v1.7.4.Euphorbia10markerBEAST.xml