DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4n0g
title: Data from: Phylogenetic and experimental tests of interactions among mutualistic plant defense traits in Viburnum (Adoxaceae)

description: Plant traits that mediate mutualistic interactions are widespread, yet few
 studies link their macroevolutionary patterns with the ecological
 interactions they mediate. Here we merged phylogenetic and experimental
 approaches to investigate the evolution of two common mutualistic plant
 traits, extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and leaf domatia. Using the flowering
 plant clade Viburnum, we tested whether macroevolutionary patterns support
 adaptive hypotheses, and conducted field surveys and manipulative
 experiments to examine whether ecological interactions are concordant with
 evolutionary predictions. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggested that EFN
 bearing species are monophyletic, whereas the evolution of domatia
 correlated with leaf production strategy (deciduous or evergreen) and
 climate. Domatia were also evolutionarily correlated with EFNs, suggesting
 that the two traits may jointly mediate ecological interactions. This
 result was further investigated in a common garden survey, where plants
 with domatia and EFNs on the leaf blade had more mutualistic mites than
 plants with other trait combinations, and in manipulative field
 experiments, where the traits additively increased mutualist abundance.
 Taken together, our results suggest that mutualistic traits in Viburnum
 are not ecologically independent, as they work in concert to attract and
 retain mutualists, and that their long-term evolution may be influenced by
 complex interactions among multiple traits, mutualists, and geography.
description: Viburnum_Common_GardenThe number of non-herbivorous mites collected on leaves of Viburnum plants in a common garden in Ithaca, NY. Column headings: "EFN/Domatia type" = the location and presence/absence of extrafloral nectaries (EFN) and domatia ("absent" = no EFN or domatia, "lamina" = laminar EFN and tuft domatia, "petiole" = petiolier EFN and tuft domatia, "marginal" = marginal EFN and tuft domatia) ; "Species" = the species name of the Viburnum plant, "N Mites" = the number of non-herbivorous mites on the plant leaf.Viburnum_acerifolum_mitesThe number of non-herbivorous mites collected on experimentally manipulated leaves of Viburnum acerifolium. Field experiment conducted at near Ithaca, NY, USA (42 30 2.34N, 76 26 8.49W). Column headings: "TREMNT" = experimental treatment/manipulation applied to plant ("ALL OPEN" = control tar placed near, but not covering, extrafloral nectaries (EFN) and domatia, "BOTHX" = tar blocking/covering both EFN and domatia, "DOMX" = tar blocking/covering domatia and tar control near EFN, "EFNX" tar blocking/covering EFN and tar control near domatia); "Mites" = the number of non-herbivorous mites.Viburnum_dentatum_mitesThe number of non-herbivorous mites collected on experimentally manipulated leaves of Viburnum dentatum. Field experiment conducted at near Ithaca, NY, USA (42 30 1.44N, 76 26 8.52W). Column headings: "TREMNT" = experimental treatment/manipulation applied to plant ("ALL OPEN" = control tar placed near, but not covering, extrafloral nectaries (EFN) and domatia, "BOTHX" = tar blocking/covering both EFN and domatia, "DOMX" = tar blocking/covering domatia and tar control near EFN, "EFNX" tar blocking/covering EFN and tar control near domatia); "Mites" = the number of non-herbivorous mites.