cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.224h5kr
title: Data from: Pest suppression in cultivar mixtures is influenced by neighbor-specific plant-plant communication

description: Increased plant genotypic diversity in crop fields can promote ecosystem
 services including pest control, but understanding of mechanisms behind
 herbivore population responses to cultivar mixtures is limited. We studied
 aphid settling on barley plants exposed to volatiles from different
 cultivars, aphid population development in monocultures and two-cultivar
 mixtures, and differences in volatile composition between studied
 cultivars. Aphid responses to one cultivar in a mixture were
 neighbor-specific and this was more important for pest suppression than
 the overall mixture effect, aphid colonization patterns or natural enemy
 abundance. Aphid populations decreased most in a mixture where both
 cultivars showed a reduced aphid plant acceptance after reciprocal
 volatile exposure in the laboratory, and reduced population growth
 compared to monocultures in the field. Our findings suggest that herbivore
 population responses to crop genotypic diversity can depend on plant-plant
 volatile interactions, which can lead to changes in herbivore response to
 individual cultivars in a mixture, resulting in slower population growth.
 The impact of plant-plant interaction through volatiles on associated
 herbivore species is rarely considered, but improved understanding of
 these mechanisms would advance our understanding of the ecological
 consequences of biodiversity and guide development of sustainable
 agricultural practices. Combining cultivars in mixtures based on how they
 interact with each other is a promising strategy for sustainable pest
 management.
description: Data supporting the
 resultsData.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j18pv
title: Data from: Discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in sexual and asexual lineages of the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum

description: The presence and extent of mitonuclear discordance in coexisting sexual
 and asexual lineages provides insight into 1) how and when asexual
 lineages emerged, and 2) the spatial and temporal scales at which the
 ecological and evolutionary processes influencing the evolution of sexual
 and asexual reproduction occur. Here, we used nuclear single-nucleotide
 polymorphism (SNP) markers and a mitochondrial gene to characterize
 phylogeographic structure and the extent of mitonuclear discordance in
 Potamopyrgus antipodarum. This New Zealand freshwater snail is often used
 to study the evolution and maintenance of sex because obligately sexual
 and obligately asexual individuals often coexist. While our data indicate
 that sexual and asexual P. antipodarum sampled from the same lake
 population are often genetically similar, suggesting recent origin of
 these asexuals from sympatric sexual P. antipodarum, we also found
 significantly more population structure in sexuals vs. asexuals. This
 latter result suggests that some asexual lineages originated in other
 lakes and/or in the relatively distant past. When comparing mitochondrial
 and nuclear population genetic structure, we discovered that one
 mitochondrial haplotype (‘1A’) was rare in sexuals, but common and
 widespread in asexuals. Haplotype 1A frequency and nuclear genetic
 diversity were not associated, suggesting that the commonness of this
 haplotype cannot be attributed entirely to genetic drift and pointing
 instead to a role for selection.
description: Ploidy level, gender and
 nuclear (SNP) genotypes for Potamopyrgus antipodarum snails from 16 New
 Zealand lake populationsSNPgen_ploidy_hapl.xlsxMitochondrial (cytochrome b) haplotypes in Potamopyrgus antipodarum (with outgroup)Sequences of unique haplotypes of mitochondrial cytochrome-b fragment in Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Homologous sequence for related species (P. estuarinus) is included an an outgroup.P_antipodarum_cytb_unique_haplotypes_outgroup.fasta
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4r55n
title: Data from: Inter- and intraspecific variation in leaf economics traits in wheat and maize

description: Leaf economics spectrum (LES) trait variation underpins multiple
 agroecological processes and many prominent crop yield models. While there
 are numerous independent studies assessing trait variation in crops, to
 date there have been no comprehensive assessments of intraspecific trait
 variation (ITV) in LES traits for wheat and maize: the world’s most
 widespread crops. Using trait databases and peer-reviewed literature, we
 compiled over 700 records of specific leaf area (SLA), maximum
 photosynthetic rates (Amax), and leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations, for
 wheat and maize. We evaluated intraspecific LES trait variation, and
 intraspecific trait-environment relationships. While wheat and maize
 occupy the upper 90th percentile of LES trait values observed across a
 global species pool, ITV ranged widely across the LES in wheat and maize.
 Fertilization treatments had strong impacts on leaf N, while plant
 developmental stage (here standardized as the number of days since
 planting) had strong impacts on Amax; days since planting, N
 fertilization, and irrigation all influenced SLA. When controlling for
 these factors, intraspecific responses to temperature and precipitation
 explained 39.4 and 43.7% of the variation in Amax and SLA, respectively,
 but only 5.4% of the variation in leaf N. Despite a long history of
 domestication in these species, ITV in wheat and maize among and within
 cultivars remains large. ITV is a critical consideration to refine
 regional- to global models of agroecosystem structure, function, and food
 security. Considerable opportunities and benefits exist for consolidating
 a crop trait database for a wider range of domesticated plant species.
description: Leaf Economics traits
 for wheat and maizeData compilation for:
 Inter- and intraspecific variation in leaf economics traits in wheat and
 maize. Data are compiled through both primary literature, as well as the
 TRY Functional Trait database. All data sources for each trait observation
 are specified.Martin et al. Crop trait
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t1c0c
title: Data from: Preference of an insular flying fox for seed figs enhances seed dispersal of a dioecious species

description: Interactions among multiple species form complex networks of
 interdependences and are considered primary factors in the generation and
 maintenance of biodiversity. Pteropodid bats are keystone species that
 provide important ecosystem services of pollination and seed dispersal in
 the tropics and subtropics. In this study, we investigated the utilization
 and preference of food resources by the insular frugivorous flying fox
 Pteropus dasymallus. We found that fig species constituted the major
 portion of the diet of the flying fox (94.6%). When foraging, the flying
 fox preferred seed figs from female trees over gall figs from male trees
 in functionally dioecious fig species. Germination experiments showed a
 significantly higher percentage of germination for fig seeds in feces than
 those from pellets and ripe figs (feces: 80.2%, pellets: 23.4%, ripe figs:
 32.9%). Considering the active selection of seed figs and avoidance of
 gall figs by foraging flying foxes, we suggest that the abundance of seed
 figs accurately represents food availability for dioecy. This preference
 for seed figs or viable seeds can effectively promote the survival of
 pollinating wasps and might reinforce the evolution of dioecism in figs.
 In addition, the effects of gut passage on seed germination, in
 combination with the capacity of flying foxes to travel long distances,
 may substantially contribute to the efficiency of flying foxes as seed
 dispersers.
description: Dyrad
 submission_20170316The file includes data
 for diet content, plant percent cover, fig production, and fig mass/number
 and bat activity (pellet and feces numbers). Plant abbreviations are as
 follows: Fs, Ficus septica; Ff, F. fistulosa; Fsj, F. superba var.
 japonica; Fm, F. microcarpa; Fa, F. ampelas; Ma, Morus australis; Dm,
 Diospyros maritima; As, Ardisia sieboldii; Pg, Psidium guajava; Tt,
 Turpinia ternata; Ej, Eurya japonica; Wb, Wedelia
 biflora.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.26q7j45
title: Data from: Biodiversity monitoring, earth observations, and the ecology of scale

description: Human activity and land use change are dramatically altering the sizes,
 geographic distributions, and functioning of biological populations
 worldwide, with tremendous consequences for human well-being. Yet our
 ability to measure, monitor, and forecast biodiversity change – crucial to
 addressing it – remains limited. Biodiversity monitoring systems are being
 developed to improve this capacity by deriving metrics of change from an
 array of in situ data (e.g., field plots or species occurrence records)
 and Earth observations (EO; e.g., satellite or airborne imagery). However,
 there are few ecologically-based frameworks for integrating these data
 into meaningful metrics of biodiversity change. Here, I describe how
 concepts of pattern and scale in ecology could be used to design such a
 framework. I review three core topics: the role of scale in measuring and
 modeling biodiversity patterns with EO, scale-dependent challenges linking
 in situ and EO data, and opportunities to apply concepts of pattern and
 scale to EO to improve biodiversity mapping. From this analysis emerges an
 actionable approach for measuring, monitoring, and forecasting
 biodiversity change, highlighting key opportunities to establish EO as the
 backbone of global-scale, science-driven conservation.
description: Aux. figure - EO
 measurement scales by EBVLog-log plot of spatial
 and temporal and grain sizes for 44 current and historic satellite Earth
 observation (EO) sensors, colored by biodiversity pattern. Several sensors
 have been used to measure multiple biodiversity patterns, and the most
 cited or most novel were selected in these cases.Figure-EO-biodiv-spatiotemporal-by-ebv.pdfAux. figure - EO measurement scales by sensor typeLog-log plot of spatial and temporal and grain sizes for 44 current and historic satellite Earth observation (EO) sensors, colored by sensor type. Several sensors have been used to measure multiple biodiversity patterns, and the most cited or most novel were selected in these cases.Figure-EO-biodiv-spatiotemporal-by-sensor-type.pdfAux. figure - Timeline of Earth observations for biodiversity monitoring by agencyTemporal extents of current and historic satellite sensors labeled by space agency.Figure-EO-biodiv-timeline-by-agency.pdfAux. table - Measurement scales of EO sensors for measuring biodiversity patternsSatellite Earth observation (EO) sensors used to measure biodiversity patterns according to the Essential Biodiversity Variables framework (EBV; Pereira et al. 2013). These data were used to create the figures in the associated manuscript, and highlight which sensors have been used to measure specific patterns. These figures do not to provide a comprehensive review of all patterns measured by each sensor; in each case, the most cited or most novel studies were selected.Table-EO-biodiv-sensor-info.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b0bp357
title: Data from: The strength of sex-specific selection in the wild

description: Anisogamy predisposes the sexes to very different patterns of selection on
 shared traits. Selective differences between the sexes may manifest as
 changes in the direction or strength of selection acting on shared
 phenotypes. Although previous studies have found evidence for widespread
 differences in the direction of selection between the sexes, surprisingly
 little is known regarding potential differences in the magnitude of
 selection and whether such differences might be confined to specific
 components of fitness. We conducted a meta-analysis using 865 estimates of
 phenotypic selection from wild populations to characterize sex differences
 in the strength of selection and to ask whether different components of
 fitness exhibit differences in sex bias in the strength of selection.
 Overall, consistent with past results, we find evidence of male bias in
 the strength of selection, driven primarily by components of fitness
 related to mating success and we discuss several evolutionary
 implications.
description: Singh_and_Punzalan_2018_EvolutionData set of (previously published) estimates of linear selection acting on male and female traits. Data set includes species ID, trait data, and component of fitness through which selection was estimated. README file contains further description of the data set.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h0qp0
title: Data from: Long-term population dynamics reveal that survival and recruitment of tropical boobies improve after a hurricane

description: Variability in population numbers is a central issue in evolutionary
 ecology and also in biodiversity conservation. However, for most seabirds
 this information is lacking and tropical populations are virtually
 unstudied. Long-term studies are warranted because world’s seabird
 populations exhibit an overall declining trend since 1950. Using data
 spanning 23 years, we investigated how adult survival, local recruitment,
 and their relative contributions to population growth (λ) vary over time
 in the blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii), a long-lived locally foraging
 seabird that breeds in tropical waters. In addition, we investigated
 whether booby demographic rates exhibit the same declining trend observed
 in other seabirds, whether these rates are impacted by hurricanes, and
 whether these potential impacts differ between sexes. Our analysis of 4608
 capture-recapture histories revealed that survival and recruitment were
 nearly equal between males and females, exhibited a declining trend over
 the last 23 years, and in both sexes, these vital rates improved after a
 hurricane. The declining trend in recruitment was slightly more attenuated
 in males. These results add to the current evidence for an overall
 declining trend in world’s seabird populations and extend its confirmation
 to the warm eastern tropical Pacific. Moreover, they provide the first
 evidence that hurricanes may favor natural populations. As a result of the
 declining trend and variation in survival and recruitment, λ exhibited a
 slight decline and substantial variation over the 23 years. However, most
 λ values were equal to or higher than 1, and the long-term average
 indicates population increase. The ability of blue-footed boobies to
 maintain a positive population balance despite of negative trends in their
 vital rates might result from canalization of adult survival (the vital
 rate that contributes most to λ and shows lower variation compared to
 recruitment) against environmental variability.
description: Capture-recapture
 histories of adult boobiesCapture-recapture
 histories of 4608 blue-footed boobies resighted as breeders during
 systematic monitoring of a fixed study area (26 889 m2) on Isla Isabel
 during two months (February and March) of the breeding season. Resightings
 took place every year from 1991 to 2013. Last two digits at the end of
 every capture-recapture history indicates the sex of every focal
 individual: 1 0 = male; 0 1 = female.Capture_recapture_histories_of_adult_boobies_resighted_every_year_from_1991_to_2013.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1k7tr
title: Data from: Stream nitrogen concentration, but not plant N-fixing capacity, modulates litter diversity effects on decomposition

description: 1. We are facing major biodiversity loss and there is evidence that such
 loss can alter ecosystem functioning. However, the effects of plant
 diversity on decomposition – a key component of the global carbon cycle –
 are still unclear. A recent study suggested that a plant trait – their
 nitrogen (N)-fixing capacity – could mediate effects of litter diversity
 on decomposition by means of a microbial transfer of N from N-fixers to
 non-fixers. 2. We explored this possibility in a microcosm experiment in
 which we manipulated litter species richness (1, 2 or 4 species), N-fixing
 capacity (N-fixer or non-fixer species), the presence of detritivores
 (Sericostoma pyrenaicum larvae present or absent), and water N
 concentration [natural stream water (0.366 mgL-1 of NO3-N) or elevated N
 concentration (5 times the natural concentration: 1.835 mgL-1)]. 3. We
 show that litter diversity accelerated decomposition by microorganisms and
 detritivores (by 7 and 15%, respectively), mostly through complementarity
 effects. However, enhanced decomposition did not result in higher
 detritivore growth, possibly because all litter combinations provided
 sufficient resources for their maximum growth. 4. The plant N-fixing
 capacity had no effect on decomposition, which varied among species most
 likely because of differences in a combination of litter traits.
 Detritivores maximized the consumption of their preferred resource in
 litter mixtures, but also exploited less preferred resources, and their
 C:N ratios increased during the experiment regardless of litter type or
 water N concentration. 5. Microbial decomposition of litter with low N
 content was enhanced at elevated water N concentration, suggesting that
 microorganisms used nutrients from the water when those nutrients were
 limiting in leaf litter. In contrast, detritivore growth was impaired at
 elevated water N concentration, possibly because a stoichiometric
 imbalance entails metabolic costs. 6. Our findings suggest that loss of
 plant diversity in riparian forests would mostly affect decomposition in
 streams of high nutrient status, where effects on microbial decomposition
 would be more evident and detritivore populations may be reduced.
description: Tonin et al Functional
 Ecology datasetsToninEtAl_FunctEcol_datasets.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v59dh02
title: Data from: Ecological correlates of Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster

description: Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster; hereafter musk deer) are
 endangered as a result of poaching and habitat loss. The species is
 nocturnal, crepuscular and elusive, making direct observation of habitat
 use and behavior difficult. However, musk deer establish and repeatedly
 use the same latrines for defecation. To quantify musk deer habitat
 correlates, we used observational spatial data based on presence-absence
 of musk deer latrines, as well as a range of fine spatial-scale ecological
 covariates. To determine presence-absence of musk deer, we exhaustively
 searched randomly selected forest trails using a 20-m belt transect in
 different study sites within the Neshyang Valley in the Annapurna
 Conservation Area. Subsequently, study sites were classified as habitat or
 non-habitat for musk deer. A total of 252 plots, 20×20 m were
 systematically established every 100 m along 51 transects (each ~0.5km
 long) laid out at different elevations to record a range of ecological
 habitat variables. We used mixed-effect models and principal component
 analysis to characterize relationships between deer presence-absence data
 and habitat variables. We confirmed musk deer use latrines in forests
 located at higher elevations (3200 - 4200 m) throughout multiple seasons
 and years. Himalayan birch (Betula utilis) dominated forest, mixed
 Himalayan fir (Abies spectabilis) and birch forest were preferred over
 pure Himalayan fir and blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forest. Greater crown
 cover and shrub diversity were associated with the presence of musk deer
 whereas tree height, diameter and diversity were weakly correlated.
 Topographical attributes including aspect, elevation, distance to water
 source, and slope were also discriminated by musk deer. Over- and
 under-story forest management can be used to protect forests likely to
 have musk deer as predicted by the models to ensure long-term conservation
 of this rare deer.
description: Habitat data of
 Himalayan musk deerThe data on habitat of
 Himalayan musk deer were collected from Neshyang valley, Annapurna
 Conservation Area, NepalFinal_Musk_Habitat. Paras
 B.Singhxls.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6n65q
title: Data from: Logging and indigenous hunting impacts on persistence of large Neotropical animals

description: Areas allocated for industrial logging and community-owned forests account
 for over 50% of all remaining tropical forests. Landscape-scale
 conservation strategies that include these forests are expected to have
 substantial benefits for biodiversity, especially for large mammals and
 birds that require extensive habitat but that are susceptible to
 extirpation due to synergies between logging and hunting. In addition,
 their responses to logging alone are poorly understood due to their
 cryptic behavior and low densities. In this study, we assessed the effects
 of logging and hunting on detection and occupancy rates of large
 vertebrates in a multiple-use forest on the Guiana Shield. Our study site
 was certified as being responsibly managed for timber production and
 indigenous communities are legally guaranteed use-rights to the forest. We
 coupled camera-trap data for wildlife detection with a spatially explicit
 dataset on indigenous hunting. A multi-species occupancy model found a
 weak positive effect of logging on occupancy and detection rates, while
 hunting had a weak negative effect. Model predictions of species richness
 were also higher in logged forest sites compared to unlogged forest sites.
 Density estimates for jaguars and ocelots in our multiple-use area were
 similar to estimates reported for fully protected areas. Involvement of
 local communities in forest management, control of forest access, and
 nesting production forests in a landscape that includes protected areas
 seemed important for these positive biodiversity outcomes. The maintenance
 of vertebrate species bodes well for both biodiversity and the humans that
 depend on multiple-use forests.
description: OCC_DATA_COVARIATESContains binary observations of animal detections; and covariates included in the occupancy modelOccupancy model coder code file containing occupancy model scriptSimulation code for power analysisr code used in power analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7fh10v7
title: Data from: How does parental environment influence the potential for adaptation to global change?

description: Parental environments are regularly shown to alter the mean fitness of
 offspring, but their impacts on the genetic variation for fitness, which
 predicts adaptive capacity and is also measured on offspring, are unclear.
 Consequently, how parental environments mediate adaptation to
 environmental stressors, like those accompanying global change, is largely
 unknown. Here, using an ecologically-important marine tubeworm in a
 quantitative-genetic breeding design, we tested how parental exposure to
 projected ocean warming alters the mean survival, and genetic variation
 for survival, of offspring during their most vulnerable life stage under
 current and projected temperatures. Offspring survival was higher when
 parent and offspring temperatures matched. Across offspring temperatures,
 parental exposure to warming altered the distribution of additive genetic
 variance for survival, making it covary across current and projected
 temperatures in a way that may aid adaptation to future warming. Parental
 exposure to warming also amplified nonadditive genetic variance for
 survival, suggesting that compatibilities between parental genomes may
 grow increasingly important under future warming. Our study shows that
 parental environments potentially have broader-ranging effects on adaptive
 capacity than currently appreciated, not only mitigating the negative
 impacts of global change, but also reshaping the raw fuel for evolutionary
 responses to it.
description: Chirgwin_et_al_data_and_code