cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5880/pik.2019.004
title: EartH2Observe, WFDEI and ERA-Interim data Merged and Bias-corrected for ISIMIP (EWEMBI)

description: VERSION HISTORY:- On June 26, 2018 all files were republished due to the incorporation of additional observational data covering years 2014 to 2016. Prior to that date, the dataset only covered years 1979 to 2013. Data for all years prior to 2014 are identical in this and the original version of the dataset.
      DATA DESCRIPTION:The EWEMBI dataset was compiled to support the bias correction of climate input data for the impact assessments carried out in phase 2b of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b; Frieler et al., 2017), which will contribute to the 2018 IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways.
      The EWEMBI data cover the entire globe at 0.5° horizontal and daily temporal resolution from 1979 to 2013. Data sources of EWEMBI are ERA-Interim reanalysis data (ERAI; Dee et al., 2011), WATCH forcing data methodology applied to ERA-Interim reanalysis data (WFDEI; Weedon et al., 2014), eartH2Observe forcing data (E2OBS; Calton et al., 2016) and NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget data (SRB; Stackhouse Jr. et al., 2011). The SRB data were used to bias-correct E2OBS shortwave and longwave radiation (Lange, 2018).
      Variables included in the EWEMBI dataset are Near Surface Relative Humidity, Near Surface Specific Humidity, Precipitation, Snowfall Flux, Surface Air Pressure, Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation, Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation, Near Surface Wind Speed, Near-Surface Air Temperature, Daily Maximum Near Surface Air Temperature, Daily Minimum Near Surface Air Temperature, Eastward Near-Surface Wind and Northward Near-Surface Wind. For data sources, units and short names of all variables see Frieler et al. (2017, Table 1).
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2022.020
title: Shallow groundwater level time series and groundwater chemistry survey data from Krycklan catchment

description: Groundwater can respond quickly to precipitation and is the main contribution to streamflow in most catchments in humid, temperate climates. To better understand shallow groundwater dynamics in a boreal headwater catchment, we installed a network of groundwater wells in two areas in the Krycklan catchment in Northern Sweden. This dataset contains groundwater level data and sampling data from a small headwater catchment (3.5 ha, 54 wells) and a hillslope (1 ha, 21 wells). The dataset is arranged in to subsets, Dataset 1 and 2, the first containing groundwater levels and related information while the second contains information on the chemical sampling procedure and laboratory results. The average wells depth was 274 cm (range: 70 - 581 cm) and recorded the groundwater level variation at a 10-30 min interval between 18. July 2018 – 1. November 2020. Manual water level measurements (0 - 26 per well) during the summer seasons in 2018 and 2019 were used to confirm and re-calibrate the water level logger results. The groundwater level data for each well was carefully processed and quality controlled, using six data labels. The location and depths of the wells are in the file 2022-020_Erdbruegger-et-al_Krycklan_gw_wells.csv and the groundwater levels and classifications 2022-020_Erdbruegger-et-al_Krycklan_gw_levels.csv. The absolute and relative positions of the wells were measured with a high-precision GPS and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to determine differences in groundwater levels and thus groundwater gradients (the report of the registration of the point clouds can be found in the files 2022-020_Erdbruegger-et-al_TSL_registration_report_[A/B].rtf). During the summer of 2019, all wells with sufficient water were sampled and analyzed for electrical conductivity, pH, absorbance, anion and cation concentrations, as well as δ18O and δ2H (information on the sampling and the laboratory results can be found in the files 2022-020_Erdbruegger-et-al_Krycklan_gw_chemistry.csv, 2022-020_Erdbruegger-et-al_Field_protocol.csv, 2022-020_Erdbruegger-et-al_Lab_analysis_description.pdf). This combined hydrometric and hydrochemical dataset can be useful to test models that simulate groundwater dynamics and to evaluate subsurface hydrological connectivity. The full description of the data and methods is provided in citation of article XX when available.
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.3.3.2018.005
title: Supraglacial Debris Cover

description: This dataset is supplementary to the article of Scherler et al. (submitted), in which the global distribution of supraglacial debris cover is mapped and analyzed. For mapping supraglacial debris cover, we combined glacier outlines from the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) version 6.0 (RGI consortium, 2017) with remote sensing-based ice and snow identification. Areas that belong to glaciers but that are neither ice nor snow were classified as debris cover. This dataset contains the outlines of the mapped debris-covered glaciers areas, stored in shapefiles (.shp). For creating this dataset, we used optical satellite data from Landsat 8 (for the time period 2013-2017), and from Sentinel-2A/B (2015-2017). For the ice and snow identification, we used three different algorithms: a red to short-wavelength infrared (swir) band ratio (RATIO; Hall et al., 1988), the normalized difference snow index (NDSI; Dozier, 1989), and linear spectral unmixing-derived fractional debris cover (FDC; e.g., Keshava and Mustard, 2002). For a detailed description of the debris-cover mapping and an analysis of the data, please see Scherler et al. (2019) to which these data are supplementary material. This dataset includes debris cover outlines based on either Landsat 8 (LS8; 30-m resolution) or Sentinel 2 (S2; 10-m resolution), and the three algorithms RATIO, NDSI, FDC. In total, there exist six different zip-files that each contain 19 shapefiles. The structure of the shapefiles follows that of the RGI version 6.0 (RGI consortium, 2017), with one shapefile for each RGI region. The original RGI shapefiles provide each glacier as one entry (feature) and include a variety of ancillary information, such as area, slope, aspect (RGI Consortium 2017a, Technical Note p. 12ff). Because the debris-cover outlines are based on the RGI v6.0 glacier outlines, all fields of the original shapefiles, which refer to the glacier, are retained, and expanded with four new fields: - DC_Area: Debris-covered area in m². Note that this unit for area is different from the unit used for reporting the glacier area (km²).- DC_BgnDate: Start of the time period from which satellite imagery was used to map debris cover.- DC_EndDate: End of the time period from which satellite imagery was used to map debris cover.- DC_CTSmean: Mean number of observations (CTS = COUNTS) per pixel and glacier. This number is derived from the number of available satellite images for the respective time period, reduced by filtering pixels due to cloud and snow cover. The dataset has a global extent and covers all of the glaciers in the RGI v. 6.0, but it exhibits poor coverage in the RGI region Subantarctic and Antarctic, where the debris cover extents are based on very few observations.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2020.004
title: The AUTh geoid based on 1D FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel for the Colorado Experiment: ColFFTWG2020

description: The ColFFTWG2020 quasi-geoid model is a gravimetric model and has been computed by the Laboratory of Gravity Field Research and Applications, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The model has been computed in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the models is 108.5°E ≤ longitude ≤ 103.5°E, 36.5°N ≤ latitude ≤ 38°N with a grid spacing of 2' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation is based on the remove-compute-restore technique with XGM2106 being used as a reference field. The topographic effects were treated using a Residual Terrain Correction (RTC) by solving the spectral filter problem of RTC using Earth2014 and ERTM2160 models. The input gravity data include terrestrial and airborne data combined using Least-Squares Collocation (LSC). The final estimation was carried out using 1D FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel. The accuracy of the model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is at 2.5 cm level. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2020.002
title: The PoliMI geoid based on windowed Least-Squares Collocation for the Colorado Experiment: ColWLSC2020

description: The ColWLSC2020 geoid model is a gravimetric model and has been computed by Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano. The model has been computed in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the models is 108.5°E ≤ longitude ≤ 103.5°E, 36.5°N ≤ latitude ≤ 38°N with a grid spacing of 2' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation is based on the remove-compute-restore technique with XGM2106 being used as a reference field. The topographic effects were treated using a Residual Terrain Correction (RTC) by solving the spectral filter problem of RTC using Earth2014 and ERTM2160 models. The input gravity data include terrestrial and airborne data combined using Least-Squares Collocation (LSC). The final estimation was carried out using Windowed LSC (WLSC). The mean accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is at 3.9 cm level. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2020.003
title: The AUTh quasi-geoid based on 1D FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel for the Colorado Experiment: ColFFTWG2020

description: The ColFFTWG2020 quasi-geoid model is a gravimetric model and has been computed by the Laboratory of Gravity Field Research and Applications, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The model has been computed in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the models is 108.5°E ≤ longitude ≤ 103.5°E, 36.5°N ≤ latitude ≤ 38°N with a grid spacing of 2' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation is based on the remove-compute-restore technique with XGM2106 being used as a reference field. The topographic effects were treated using a Residual Terrain Correction (RTC) by solving the spectral filter problem of RTC using Earth2014 and ERTM2160 models. The input gravity data include terrestrial and airborne data combined using Least-Squares Collocation (LSC). The final estimation was carried out using 1D FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel. The mean accuracy of the model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is at 1.6 cm level. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing International schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2020.001
title: The PoliMI quasi-geoid based on windowed Least-Squares Collocation for the Colorado Experiment: ColWLSC2020

description: The ColWLSC2020 quasi-geoid model is a gravimetric model and has been computed by Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano. The model has been computed in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the models is 108.5°E ≤ longitude ≤ 103.5°E, 36.5°N ≤ latitude ≤ 38°N with a grid spacing of 2' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation is based on the remove-compute-restore technique with XGM2106 being used as a reference field. The topographic effects were treated using a Residual Terrain Correction (RTC) by solving the spectral filter problem of RTC using Earth2014 and ERTM2160 models. The input gravity data include terrestrial and airborne data combined using Least-Squares Collocation (LSC). The final estimation was carried out using Windowed LSC (WLSC). The mean accuracy of the model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is at 3.6 cm level. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2015.001
title: The Brazilian gravimetric geoid: MAPGEO2015

description: The official Brazilian geoid model, called MAPGEO2015, was computed as a cooperation between IBGE and EPUSP. It is a 5' x 5' grid of geoidal undulations referred to SIRGAS2000, covering the area from 35° S to 6° N in latitude and from 75° W to 30° W in longitude. The dataset consists of 947,953 terrestrial gravity points (450,589 in Brazil), a digital terrain model based on SRTM and the EIGEN-6C4 global geopotential model up to degree and order 200. The remove-compute-restore procedure was used, where the short wavelength components were computed by Stokes integration via Fast Fourier Transform technique. In areas where sufficient data were available, neural network technique was used to complete the gravity anomaly information. Through the values of normal-orthometric heights of 592 geometric levelling points (RRNN) of the Brazilian High Precision Altimetric Network, it was possible to evaluate the consistency of the geoid undulation model, observing an improvement of approximately 20% compared to the version published in 2010. In particular, the differences between MAPGEO2015 undulations and GNSS/levelling observations show an RMS of 17 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2015.002
title: The gravimetric geoid of Madeira: GEOMAD

description: The local geoid for Madeira was computed using strapdown airborne gravimetry measurements taken on 27 and 31 August 2010 as part of the GEOMAD campaign. The inertial measurements were acquired with an iXsea IMU. The observations made during the turns of the aircraft were disregarded and a decimation to a 50 second sampling was applied. The geoid determination was based on the standard remove-restore technique with EGM2008 as reference global geopotential model and SRTM for the computation of the residual terrain correction. The Least-Squares Collocation approach was used to convert the residual gravity disturbances at flight level into height anomalies at sea level. The subsequent conversion of height anomalies into geoid undulations was based on the corrections provided with the EGM2008 model. The datum of the local geoid model is WGS84, given in the tide-free system. According to the Least-Squares Collocation procedure the errors are around 5 cm, however a more realistic estimate of the uncertainty is of the order of 10 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2010.001
title: The Mexican gravimetric geoid: GGM10

description: GGM10 is a gravimetric geoid model for Mexico computed by the General Direction of Geography and Environment at the INEGI. It covers the region from 14° to 33° in latitudes and from 86° to 119° in west longitude, with a grid resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes. It is based on gravity data collected from 1970 up to June 2010. A remore-restore procedure is implemented by using the EIGEN-GRACE02S satellite-only global geopotential model for the long wavelengths of the field and the Continuo de Elevaciones Mexicano as the main digital terrain elevation model. The geoid determination is based on the Stokes-Helmert technique with the software provided by the University of New Brunswick (UNB). The resulting GGM10 model is referred to the GRS80 reference ellipsoid in the ITRF2008 frame (epoch 2010.0). Its estimated absolute accuracy in geoidal height values is 20 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2010.002
title: The Brazilian gravimetric geoid: MAPGEO2010

description: The Brazilian geoid model MAPGEO2010 is limited by 6°N and 35°S in latitude and 30°W and 75°W in longitude with a 5' resolution. The terrestrial gravity data for the continent have been updated by surveys in Brazil and in the neighbour countries until 2010. The complete Bouguer and Helmert gravity anomalies have been derived through the Canadian package SHGEO. The short wavelength component was estimated via FFT. The geopotential model EGM2008 was used as a reference field restricted to degree and order 150. The geoid height was corrected from the zero-order term, -0.41 meter, for compatibility with the GRS80 ellipsoid, used by SIRGAS2000. The RMS difference associated with the MAPGEO2010 model was ±0.28 meter, determined from the comparison of IBGE GPS/levelling points. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination.
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.4.6.2023.004
title: Basin90m, a new global drainage basin dataset

description: The current global dataset of drainage system shapes has a relatively low spatial resolution. We obtained a new dataset (Basin90m) by calculating the drainage basins larger than 50 km2 globally using a 90-meter resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The total number of drainage basins is 667629. For each drainage basin, we extracted the spatial distribution of the longest river channel and the sinuosity of the river. We computed fundamental geometric parameters for the drainage basins, such as area, length, width, aspect ratio, slope, and elevation. Basin90m consists of vector files (ESRI Shapefile format) containing global drainage basins and river channels. The file sizes for the basin and river data are 7.8 and 2.5 GB, respectively. All calculations were automated using a MATLAB script. For a more detailed description of Basin90m, please refer to our submitted data description article titled "A global dataset of the shape of drainage systems". 
 
The Basin90m dataset includes data in four sections. The first section comprises drainage basins globally with an area larger than 50 km². The data format is ESRI Shapefile. Eight morphometric indi-ces of the drainage system are stored in the attribute table of the basin shapefile. The "Basins" folder contains six subfolders, each representing a continent. Each continent's subfolder contains all the basins in that continent, categorized by different stream orders. For instance, the "South America" subfolder contains nine shapefile files corresponding to stream orders 1-9. The names of the shapefile files include their continent and stream order information. For example, "South_America_Basin_8.shp" represents all basins in South America with a stream order of 8. The second part of the Basin90m data consists of global main river channels. The longest river channel of each basin is stored in a folder named "Rivers". The internal structure of this folder is the same as the "Basins" folder. For instance, "South_America_River_8.shp" represents the main river channels in South America with a stream order of 8. The third part of Basin90m data is an Excel file named "Basin90m". This file contains eight morphometric parameters for all the basins. It includes both a globally merged sheet and sheets distinguishing different stream orders. The fourth part of Ba-sin90m data is a folder named "Matlab_code", which contains Matlab code for the automated ex-traction of drainage systems and their morphometric parameters.
description: Version history: 
 
12 January 2024: Publication of version 1.0 
 
6 March 2024: Publication of version 1.1 
Changes: Provision of more detailed user guidance in the file: User guide for Basin90m.m and additional comments to the matlab code (new file: 2022-004_He-et-al_Matlab_code_v.1.1.zip). The first version of this zip file was moved to the "previous-versions" folder.