DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gxd2547sx
title: Data from: A multi-dimensional selective landscape drives adaptive divergence between and within closely related Phlox species

description: Selection causes local adaptation across populations within species and
 simultaneously divergence between species. However, it is unclear if
 either the force of or the response to selection is similar across these
 scales. We show that natural selection drives divergence between closely
 related species in a pattern that is distinct from local adaptation within
 species. We use reciprocal transplant experiments across three species of
 Phlox wildflowers to characterize widespread adaptive divergence. Using
 provenance trials, we also find strong local adaptation between
 populations within a species. Comparing divergence and selection between
 these two scales of diversity we discover that one suite of traits
 predicts fitness differences between species and that an independent suite
 of traits predicts fitness variation within species. Selection drives
 divergence between species, contributing to speciation, while
 simultaneously favoring extensive diversity that is maintained across
 populations within a species. Our work demonstrates how the selection
 landscape is complex and multidimensional.
description: These data are phenotypic measurements of three species of Phlox
 plants grown in three common gardens. We included 122 genotypes
 of <em>Phlox amoena amoena</em> (eight populations), 125
 genotypes of <em>Phlox pilosa pilosa</em> (nine populations),
 and 37 genotypes of <em>Phlox pilosa deamii</em> (three
 populations) from throughout their native ranges for our common garden
 experiment. Each plant was propigated and clonaly replicated to include at
 least one clone in each of three field sites. Each field site included
 four blocks with randomized plants withint each block. We monitored
 fitness-related traits in the gardens over the course of three growing
 seasons between planting in April 2018 and final data collection in
 September 2020.We recorded damage from large vertebrate herbivores as a
 binary trait (0 = herbivore damage, 1 = no herbivore damage). We counted
 the total number of open flowers on each plant on a weekly basis from
 beginning of April through beginning of June 2019. Flowers on these taxa
 remain open and fresh for about one week, so our timing minimized double
 counting or missing flowers. We counted the total number of fruits set by
 each plant including both mature fruits that remained on the plant as well
 as open calyces where fruits had already shattered. In October 2019, we
 harvested all aboveground biomass for each plant, leaving root systems and
 the stem at the base of each plant intact consistent with the annual
 aboveground die-back that these taxa experience each winter. We dried this
 tissue in a drying oven at 60° C for 48 hours before measuring the mass
 with an electronic scale. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, we were not able
 to return to the gardens again until September 2020 when we recorded final
 survival.
description: # A multi-dimensional selective landscape drives adaptive divergence
 between and within closely related Phlox species
 These data were collected
 on Phlox plants grown in three common gardens across three years. ##
 Description of the data and file structure These data include a data sheet
 with field collected data compiled across three years. Each plant has a
 unique label (indicating location in a garden), the garden it was grown in
 (Amoena site, Pilosa site, Deamii site), the species or taxon of the
 individuals (amoena, pilosa, or deamii), whether the garden is the
 "home" or "away" garden depending on whether it
 matches the species or not, the population from which the individual is
 sourced, and the unique identifier of the genotypes. Each individual also
 has the population source location indicated with latitude and longitude.
 The traits collected in the field corresponding to fitness measures
 include herbivory in 2019 (0 is absent, 1 is present), flower number in
 2019, fruit count in 2019, biomass in 2020, survival in 2020 (0 is dead
 and 1 is survived). The individuals used in the common gardens were also
 grown in the greenhouse and on these individuals we measured leaf traits.
 These are indicated with columns including leaf length, width, leaf
 length/width ratio, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, specific leaf
 area. All leaf trait variation was summarized using a principal component
 analysis and the values for PC1, PC2, and PC3 for each individual are
 provided. The final columns are the calculated distances between the
 individual population and the common garden that individual was grown in.
 These include geographic distance, genetic distance (as measured by FST
 from data in Goulet-Scott, B.E. , Garner, A.G. , Hopkins, R. 2021, Genomic
 analyses overturn two long-standing homoploid hybrid speciation
 hypotheses. Evolution 75(7):1699-1710), and environmental distance (as
 measured on PCA of environmental trait data from source locations). #
 Sharing/Access information Links to other publicly accessible locations of
 the data: ##
 Code/Software [
 https://github.com/PhloxHopkins/PhloxFieldAdaptation](https://github.com/PhloxHopkins/PhloxFieldAdaptation)