DOI: 10.5061/dryad.18931zd1z
title: Trait and microhabitat data for sympatric seep monkeyflowers along a soil moisture gradient in San Luis Obispo, CA

description: Temporal and spatial variation in soil moisture is known to drive
 phenotypic differentiation within and among plant populations. Here we
 investigate trait variation and plasticity along a fine-scaled soil
 moisture gradient between two sympatric monkeyflowers: Erythranthe guttata
 and a close relative, Erythranthe serpentinicola D.J. Keil (Phrymaceae).
 E. serpentinicola is endemic to the central coast of California in
 ephemerally wet serpentine rock outcrops that are adjacent to perennially
 wet seeps where Erythranthe guttata typically occurs. Morphological,
 physiological, phenological and soil moisture data data was collected
 along an environmental gradient from rock outcrop to seep habitats. We
 collected seed from rock outcrops and seeps to grow under common
 conditions, then collected morphological, physiological, and phenological
 data to determine whether the trait divergence in the field was
 maintained. 
description: Field research took place in the USA, San Luis Obispo County, CA
 in the City Open Spaces of San Luis Obispo in two different sites near
 perennial serpentine seeps with surrounding rock outcrops: Laguna Lake
 Park (33.9036 °N, 117.9398 °W) and South Hills (35.2635 °N,-120.66300 °W).
 Another site: Irish Hills (35.2522 °N,-120.7031 °W) was excluded from
 analyses. GPS coordinates provide general locations of each open space,
 not any rare or threatened species. Lab research took place at California
 Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Biological Sciences
 Department, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407. Morphological and
 phenological data was primarily collected using a Survey123 survey form in
 the field or the greenhouse. Physiological data, stomatal density and
 specific leaf area (SLA), were collected in the lab at Cal Poly, SLO, and
 manually added to the data downloaded from Survey123. Raw data was
 processed and analyzed with R statistical software (v4.1.2; R Core Team
 2021).
description: Windows Excel to open csv files and R statistical software
 (v4.1.2; R Core Team 2021) for the R markdown and R script
 files.
description: # Trait and microhabitat data for sympatric seep monkeyflowers along a
 soil moisture gradient in San Luis Obispo, CA This readme file was
 generated on [2022-11-10] by [Annie Zell] GENERAL INFORMATION
 Author/Principal Investigator Information: Name: Annie Zell Institution:
 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Address:
 Biological Sciences Department, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
 Email: [annie@zell.us](mailto:annie@zell.us) Author/Associate or
 Co-investigator Information: Name: Dena Grossenbacher Institution:
 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Address:
 Biological Sciences Department, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
 Email: [dgrossen@calpoly.edu](mailto:dgrossen@calpoly.edu) Abstract:
 Temporal and spatial variation in soil moisture is known to drive
 phenotypic differentiation within and among plant populations. Here we
 investigate trait variation and plasticity along a fine-scaled soil
 moisture gradient between two sympatric monkeyflowers: Erythranthe guttata
 and a close relative, Erythranthe serpentinicola D.J. Keil (Phrymaceae).
 E. serpentinicola is endemic to the central coast of California in
 ephemerally wet serpentine rock outcrops that are adjacent to perennially
 wet seeps where Erythranthe guttata typically occurs. Morphological,
 physiological, phenological and soil moisture data data was collected
 along an environmental gradient from rock outcrop to seep habitats. We
 collected seed rock outcrops and seeps to grow under common conditions,
 then collected morphological, physiological, and phenological data to
 determine whether the trait divergence in the field was maintained.
 Research Domain: 1.6 Biological sciences Date of data collection: 11/2021
 - 7/2022 Geographic location of data collection: Field research took place
 in the USA, San Luis Obispo County, CA in the City Open Spaces of San Luis
 Obispo in two different sites near perennial serpentine seeps with
 surrounding rock outcrops: Laguna Lake Park (33.9036 °N, 117.9398 °W) and
 South Hills (35.2635 °N,-120.66300 °W). Another site: Irish Hills (35.2522
 °N,-120.7031 °W) was excluded from analyses. GPS coordinates provide
 general locations of each open space, not any rare or threatened species.
 Lab research took place at California Polytechnic State University, San
 Luis Obispo, Biological Sciences Department, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis
 Obispo, CA 93407 Funding sources: California Polytechnic State University,
 San Luis Obispo David and Frieda Wertman Scholarship Endowment CNPS SLO
 Manzanita (Botanical Research in Biological Sciences) Scholarship CNPS SLO
 McLeod Scholarship CNPS Student Research Grant ### DATA & FILE
 OVERVIEW ##### Common\_Garden\_Traits.csv Description: Data collected from
 common garden experiment conducted December 2021- May 2022. Morphological,
 physiological and phenological data for plants grown from seed. Seeds were
 collected from 3 different locations, and 3 different microhabitats, which
 is documented in this data as well. Note that column headings are
 described below under "DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION." NOTE ON BLANK
 CELLS: N/a values interfere with data cleaning and analyses in R so cells
 with unavailable data are intentionally left blank. They mean n/a, not 0.
 Number of variables: 27 Number of cases/rows: 137 Variable list:
 Microhabitat- rock outcrop, intermediate or seep categories where the
 seeds were collected from location- South Hills (SH), Laguna Lake (LL) or
 Irish Hills (IH) categories where the seeds were collected from plot- plot
 ID: location (SH, LL, IH) and plot number where the seeds were collected
 from individual- number for the individual in the field the seeds came
 from replicate- number for replicate from each individual label- ID for
 individual in the common garden (an means annual or E. serpentinicola, int
 means intermediate, per means perennial or E. guttata) and location (IH,
 LL, SH) family- ID for family the plant came from (an means annual or E.
 serpentinicola, int means intermediate, per means perennial or E. guttata)
 and location (IH, LL, SH) date_planted- mm/dd/yyyy time the seed was
 planted germination_date_in_office- mm/dd/yyyy time the seed germinated in
 the indoor growth chamber germination_date_outside- mm/dd/yyyy time the
 seed germinated in the outdoor lathhouse. Germinants from the indoor
 planting were weeded out. leaf_area- in cm2, scanned with leafbyte app
 (Getman‐Pickering 2020) leaf_weight- g, each scanned leaf dried and
 weighed SLA- g/cm2 specific leaf area, calculated from leaf area and leaf
 weight above stomata1- number of stomata in haphazhardly selected
 microscope frames on same leaf (at 100X) stomata2- number of stomata in
 haphazhardly selected microscope frame on same leaf (at 100X) stomata3-
 number of stomata in haphazhardly selected microscope frame on same leaf
 (at 100X) stomata- average from three stomatal counts above to get
 stomatal density for a single leaf Flowering_time- mm/dd/yyyy date of
 first flower StemL- mm, length of stem from base of individual to the
 tallest point of main stem (data not used) StemW- mm, measured at the
 second internode TubeL- mm, the distance from the end of the pedicel to
 the fusing point of the top and bottom lobes CorW- mm, maximum width
 across the bottom lobe CalyxL- mm, the end of the pedicel to the top
 (longest) lobe of the calyx PedicelL- mm, the base of the pedicel to where
 the calyx started. LeafL- mm,measured from the widest point between the
 apex to the base of an individual leaf collected from the second node of
 each plant Stolons- mm, number of basal branches from first and second
 nodes (data not used) Notes- notes made while collecting data #####
 Field\_Phenology.csv Description: Phenological data collected at each of
 the three field sites on a weekly basis from February 2022 - July 2022 to
 document flowering time. The date, location, microhabitat, plot ID and
 number of flowers in each plot are included in this dataset. Note that
 column headings are described below under "DATA SPECIFIC
 INFORMATION." NOTE ON BLANK CELLS: N/a values interfere with data
 cleaning and analyses in R so cells with unavailable data are
 intentionally left blank. They mean n/a, not 0.Number of variables: 4
 Number of cases/rows: 363 Variable List: date- mm/dd/yyyy date of data
 collection plot- plot ID, location (SH, LL,IH) and plot number
 Microhabitat- rock outcrop, intermediate or seep categories location-
 South Hills (SH), Laguna Lake (LL) or Irish Hills (IH) categories where
 the seeds were collected from plotnum NumFlowers- Number of total open
 flowers in the plot Notes- notes made while collecting data #####
 Field\_Traits.csv Description: Morphological and physiological trait data
 and soil moisture data collected at each of the field sites roughly during
 the peak flowering time of each plot February 2022 - June 2022. Note that
 column headings are described below under "DATA SPECIFIC
 INFORMATION." NOTE ON BLANK CELLS: N/a values interfere with data
 cleaning and analyses in R so cells with unavailable data are
 intentionally left blank. They mean n/a, not 0.Number of variables: 23
 Number of cases/rows: 54 Variable List: date- mm/dd/yyyy time the data was
 collected Microhabitat- rock outcrop, intermediate or seep categories
 plotid- plot ID (location (SH, LL, IH), plot number, and individual number
 for the 3 inviduals sampled from each plot) location- South Hills (SH),
 Laguna Lake (LL) or Irish Hills (IH) categories plot- plot ID (location
 (SH, LL, IH) and plot number individual- number for the 3 individuals
 sampled from each plot (1-3) StemL- mm, length of stem from base of
 individual to the tallest point of main stem (data not used) StemW- mm,
 measured at the second internode TubeL- mm, the distance from the end of
 the pedicel to the fusing point of the top and bottom lobes CalyxL- mm,
 the end of the pedicel to the top (longest) lobe of the calyx PedicelL-
 mm, the base of the pedicel to where the calyx started. LeafL- mm,measured
 from the widest point between the apex to the base of an individual leaf
 collected from the second node of each plant CorW- mm, maximum width
 across the bottom lobe Notes- notes made while collecting data
 soil_moisture- volumetric water content (VWC) measured near the base of
 each of the three individuals or at least within 5 cm with a soil moisture
 probe (TEROS 10, METER group) soil_depth- mm, measured with a narrow probe
 and a meter stick at the base of each plant stomata1- number of stomata
 (3X) in haphazhardly selected microscope frame on same leaf (at 100X)
 stomata2- number of stomata (3X) in haphazhardly selected microscope frame
 on same leaf (at 100X) stomata3- number of stomata (3X) in haphazhardly
 selected microscope frame on same leaf (at 100X) stomata- average from
 three stomatal counts above to get stomatal density for a single leaf
 leaf_area- in cm2, scanned with leafbyte app (Getman‐Pickering 2020)
 leaf_weight- g, each scanned leaf dried and weighed SLA- g/cm2 specific
 leaf area, calculated from leaf area and leaf weight above #####
 Supplementary\_Crosses.csv Description: Seedset data from heterospecific
 and conspecific crosses between Erythranthe guttata and Erythranthe
 serpentinicola in the common garden. Crosses were conducted April 2022,
 and fruits were collected June 2022. Note that column headings are
 described below under "DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION." NOTE ON BLANK
 CELLS: N/a values interfere with data cleaning and analyses in R so cells
 with unavailable data are intentionally left blank. They mean n/a, not
 0.Number of variables: 9 Number of cases/rows: 22 Variable List: maternal-
 maternal label from the common garden individual fruit was collected from
 location- South Hills (SH), Laguna Lake (LL) or Irish Hills (IH)
 categories where the seeds were originally collected from plot- plot
 number where the seeds were originally collected from ind- number for the
 individual in the field the seeds oroginally came from rep- number for
 replicate from each individual in the field treatment- type of cross
 (heterospecific, control, conspecific) taxonomy- type of cross depending
 on taxonomy- (S= E. serpentinicola, G= E. guttata) seeds- number of seeds
 counted in marked fruits notes- notes made while collecting data #####
 Supplementary\_Microhabitat.csv Soil depth, surface temperature, and
 vegeation cover collected between 12:30 p.m. to 2 p.m. on 2/05/2022 to
 estimate the "microhabitat" for each plot in the study. Note
 that column headings are described below under "DATA SPECIFIC
 INFORMATION." NOTE ON BLANK CELLS: N/a values interfere with data
 cleaning and analyses in R so cells with unavailable data are
 intentionally left blank. They mean n/a, not 0.Number of variables: 17
 Number of cases/rows:19 Variable List: Date- mm/dd/yyyy time the data was
 collected Time- time the data was collected (important for temperature
 measurements) Location- South Hills (SH), Laguna Lake (LL) or Irish Hills
 (IH) categories plot- plot ID (location (SH, LL, IH) and plot number)
 Microhabitat- rock outcrop, intermediate or seep categories Taxonomy-
 identification of individuals inside plot based on taxonomic descriptions
 (intermediate for unidentifiable intermediates) VegCover- estimated %
 vegetation cover across the whole 2x1 m plot Depth1- mm, soil depth
 measured with a narrow probe and a meter stick at randomly selected point
 across 2 m transect (randomly generated number) Depth2- mm, soil depth
 measured with a narrow probe and a meter stick at randomly selected point
 across 2 m transect (randomly generated number) Depth3- mm, soil depth
 measured with a narrow probe and a meter stick at randomly selected point
 across 2 m transect (randomly generated number) Depth4- mm, soil depth
 measured with a narrow probe and a meter stick at randomly selected point
 across 2 m transect (randomly generated number) Depth- mm, average soil
 depth Temp1- °C, surface temperature measured with Etekcity Infrared
 Thermometer 1025D at randomly selected point across 2 m transect (randomly
 generated number) Temp2- °C, surface temperature measured with Etekcity
 Infrared Thermometer 1025D at randomly selected point across 2 m transect
 (randomly generated number) Temp3- °C, surface temperature measured with
 Etekcity Infrared Thermometer 1025D at randomly selected point across 2 m
 transect (randomly generated number) Temp4- °C, surface temperature
 measured with Etekcity Infrared Thermometer 1025D at randomly selected
 point across 2 m transect (randomly generated number) Temp- °C, average
 surface temperature ##### Watering\_Experiment\_Traits.csv Description:
 Morphological, physiological, soil moisture and soil depth data collected
 from paired plots: watered and dry-control at Laguna Lake (adjacent to one
 of the field study sites). Note that column headings are described below
 under "DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION." Number of variables: 27
 Number of cases/rows: 40 Variable List: date- mm/dd/yyyy time the data was
 collected pair- ID a-j give to each paired plot plotid- W = watered, D=
 Dry-Control, plot number, individual (1-2) treatment- W = watered, D=
 Dry-Control id- plot number plot- plot ID W = watered, D= Dry-Control,
 plot number rep- individual measured (1,2) StemL- mm, length of stem from
 base of individual to the tallest point of main stem (data not used)
 StemW- mm, measured at the second internode TubeL- mm, the distance from
 the end of the pedicel to the fusing point of the top and bottom lobes
 CalyxL- mm, the end of the pedicel to the top (longest) lobe of the calyx
 PedicelL- mm, the base of the pedicel to where the calyx started. LeafL-
 mm,measured from the widest point between the apex to the base of an
 individual leaf collected from the second node of each plant CorW- mm,
 maximum width across the bottom lobe LeafL- mm,measured from the widest
 point between the apex to the base of an individual leaf collected from
 the second node of each plant Notes- notes made while collecting data
 soil_moisture- volumetric water content (VWC) measured near the base of
 each of the three individuals or at least within 5 cm with a soil moisture
 probe (TEROS 10, METER group) soil_depth- mm, measured with a narrow probe
 and a meter stick at the base of each plant stomata1- number of stomata
 (3X) in haphazhardly selected microscope frame on same leaf (at 100X)
 stomata2- number of stomata (3X) in haphazhardly selected microscope frame
 on same leaf (at 100X) stomata3- number of stomata (3X) in haphazhardly
 selected microscope frame on same leaf (at 100X) stomata- average from
 three stomatal counts above to get stomatal density for a single leaf
 leaf_area- in cm2, scanned with leafbyte app (Getman‐Pickering 2020)
 leaf_weight- g, each scanned leaf dried and weighed SLA- g/cm2 specific
 leaf area, calculated from leaf area and leaf weight above #####
 Supplementary\_Crosses.R This R script makes bar graphs to visualize
 seedset from the common garden heterospecific and conspecific crosses
 using seedset data in Supplementary_Crosses.csv. #####
 Field\_Common\_Graphs.Rmd This R markdown file makes boxplots to visualize
 trait divergence in the common garden and field between seep and rock
 outcrop plots. This code uses Field_Traits.csv and
 Common_Garden_Traits.csv for the boxplots. It also processes
 Field_Phenology.csv for visualizing flowering time in the field with a
 line graph. Location: "Irish Hills" and microhabitat:
 "Intermediate" were filtered out for this analysis. #####
 Field\_Common\_Models.Rmd This R markdown file determines whether there
 were significant trait differences between seep and rock outcrop plots in
 the field and the common garden. This R script Field_Traits.csv,
 Field_Phenology.csv, and Common_Garden_Traits.csv. Location: "Irish
 Hills" and microhabitat: "Intermediate" were filtered out
 for this analysis. ##### Field\_Traits\_Soil Moisture.Rmd This R markdown
 file uses scatterplots and linear mixed effects models to examine the
 relationship between soil moisture and traits measured in the field. Data
 from "Intermediate" plots were not filtered out for this
 visualization and analysis. Location "Irish Hills" data was
 filtered out. This R script uses Field_Traits.csv and Field_Phenology.csv.
 ##### Supplementary\_Microhabitat\_Categories.Rmd This R script summarizes
 environmental differences between microhabitats. It makes a table of the
 mean and standard error for soil depth, surface temperature, vegetation
 cover and soil moisture measurements taken 3 times across all the plots of
 this study. This R script uses Supplementary_Microhabitat.csv data and
 also pulls soil moisture data from Field_Traits.csv #####
 Watering\_Experiment.Rmd This R markdown file examines the difference
 between watered and dry-control paired plots in the watering addition
 experiment. For each trait it calculates the average percent difference
 between paired plots (Watered and Dry-Control). Paired t-tests are used to
 test for a significant difference between watered and dry-control plots.
 Two individuals were measured from each plot, so these values are averaged
 for statistical analyses. This script uses Watering_Experiment_Traits.csv.
 METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION Morphological and phenological data was
 primarily collected using a Survey123 survey form in the field or the
 greenhouse. Physiological data, stomatal density and specific leaf area
 (SLA), were collected in the lab and manually added to the data downloaded
 from Survey123. Raw data was processed and analyzed with R statistical
 software (v4.1.2; R Core Team 2021) Packages used: tidyverse v1.3.2 for
 data manipulation and graphs Rmisc v1.5.1 for summarizing data plotrix
 v3.8-2 for standard error calculations gridExtra v2.3 for combining graphs
 lubridate v1.8.0 for flowering time data nlme v3.1-157 for mixed effects
 models lmerTest v3.1-3 for p-values car v3.1-0 for ANOVA emmeans v1.8.1-1
 for interactions in the mixed effects models interactions v1.1.5 for
 interactions in the mixed effects models MuMIn v1.47.1 for R squared