DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnq6
title: Data from: Interplay of trophic relaxation and directional selection shapes eco-evolutionary responses to selective harvest in predator-prey systems

description: Fisheries-Induced Evolution (FIE) describes the evolutionary changes in
 life-history traits exhibited by target species in response to selective
 fishing pressures. Current studies predominantly focus on single-species
 contexts, often assuming stationary natural selection and neglecting the
 impact of interacting species. In this study, using an eco-evolutionary
 predator-prey model, we demonstrate that the presence of interacting
 species can fundamentally modify, or even reverse, the evolutionary
 responses of target species to fisheries. Specifically, we show that
 target species can evolve to exhibit larger body sizes, even when
 fisheries preferentially target large individuals. A novel mechanism is
 proposed to elucidate this counterintuitive outcome. Fisheries influence
 the evolutionary adaptation of target species through both direct and
 indirect pathways. The direct pathway, termed “directional selection”,
 occurs when fisheries selectively target individuals with specific
 characteristics, thereby distorting the fitness landscape, akin to
 processes observed in single-species systems. The indirect pathway,
 referred to as “trophic relaxation”, depicts that fisheries weaken the
 predator-prey trophic link, subsequently altering the coevolutionary
 dynamics between predator and prey. These pathways can operate
 concurrently, leading to either antagonistic or synergistic evolutionary
 outcomes, which depend on the coevolutionary dynamics of the predator-prey
 system, harvest patterns, and the selectivity of fishing gear. Our
 findings highlight that the evolutionary responses of target species to
 fisheries selection are variable and significantly influenced by both the
 interactions among species and fishing activities.
description: In this study, we create an eco-evolutionary predator-prey system
 with mathematical analysis to investigate the evolutionary responses of
 target species to selective harvesting under the influence of non-target
 species. Here, we provide our simulation code, written
 with R, and simulation data. With the code and data, our result can be
 reproduced.
description: # Data from: Interplay of trophic relaxation and directional selection
 shapes eco-evolutionary responses to selective harvest in predator-prey
 systems
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnq6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnq6) ## Description of the data and file structure We supply an R script ("Simulation code.R") and four xlsx files containing simulation data for Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5. ### Files and variables #### File: Trophic_relaxation_(Figure_2).xlsx **Description:** These files provide the population densities (x, y) and body sizes (u, v) at the final equilibrium state under the influence of trophic relaxation (de). ##### Variables: The columns "x1", "y1", "u1", and "v1" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the predator-targeted scenarios. The columns "x2", "y2", "u2", and "v2" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the prey-harvested scenarios. #### File: Directional_selection_(Figure_3).xlsx **Description:** This file provides the population densities (x, y) and body sizes (u, v) at the final equilibrium state under the influence of directional selection (ds). ##### Variables: The columns "x1", "y1", "u1", and "v1" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the predator-targeted scenarios. The columns "x2", "y2", "u2", and "v2" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the prey-harvested scenarios. #### File: Joint_effect_(Figure_4).xlsx **Description:**  This file is composed of two sheets, titled "Predator-harvested scenarios" and "Prey-harvested scenarios". This file provides the population densities (x, y) and body sizes (u, v) at the final equilibrium state under the influence of varying combinations between trophic relaxation (de) and directional selection (ds). ##### Variables: The columns "x1", "y1", "u1", and "v1" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the predator-targeted scenarios. The columns "x2", "y2", "u2", and "v2" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the prey-targeted scenarios. #### File: Joint_effect_(Figure_5).xlsx **Description:**  This file is composed of two sheets, titled "Predator-harvested scenarios" and "Prey-harvested scenarios". This file provides the population densities (x, y) and body sizes (u, v) at the final equilibrium state under varying shapes of selectivity curve (p). ##### Variables The columns "xs", "ys", "us", and "vs" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the small-harvested scenarios. The columns "xl", "yl", "ul", and "vl" refer to the population densities and body sizes in the large-harvested scenarios.