cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rp6gt
title: Data from: A locus in Drosophila sechellia affecting tolerance of a host plant toxin

description: Many insects feed on only one or a few types of host. These host
 specialists often evolve a preference for chemical cues emanting from
 their host and develop mechanisms for circumventing their host’s defenses.
 Adaptations like these are central to evolutionary biology, yet our
 understanding of their genetics remains incomplete. Drosophila sechellia,
 an emerging model for the genetics of host specialization, is an island
 endemic that has adapted to chemical toxins present in the fruit of its
 host plant, Morinda citrifolia. Its sibling species, D. simulans, and many
 other Drosophila species do not tolerate these toxins and avoid the fruit.
 Earlier work showed that a region with a strong effect on tolerance to the
 major toxin, octanoic acid, was on chromosome arm 3R. Using a novel assay
 we narrowed this region to a small span near the centromere containing 18
 genes, including three odorant binding proteins. It has been hypothesized
 that the evolution of host specialization is facilitated by genetic
 linkage between alleles contributing to host preference and alleles
 contributing to host usage, such as tolerance to secondary compounds. We
 tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of this tolerance locus on
 host preference behavior. Our data were inconsistent with the linkage
 hypothesis as flies bearing this tolerance region showed no increase in
 preference for media containing M. citrifolia toxins, which D. sechellia
 prefers. Thus, in contrast to some models for host preference, preference
 and tolerance are not tightly linked at this locus and increased tolerance
 per se is not sufficient to change preference. Our data are consistent
 with the previously proposed model that the evolution of D. sechellia as a
 M. citrifolia specialist occurred through a step-wise loss of aversion and
 gain of tolerance to M. citrifolia’s toxins.
description: RawData_DRYAD_031913All raw data, including: Morinda tolerance, OA-HA behavior, OA boundary lines, KD times, and flow rate
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5140
title: Data from: Clonal structure through space and time: high stability in the holothurian Stichopus chloronotus (Echinodermata)

description: Sea cucumbers are increasingly exploited for human consumption and for
 their curative properties, and many wild populations are now depleted or
 in danger of extinction. While aquaculture is seen as an alternative to
 fisheries and as a mean to restore wild populations, more knowledge is
 needed on their reproductive strategies to render this practice efficient,
 notably for fissiparous holothurians, which are some of the mobile animals
 able of asexual reproduction by transverse fission. Little information is
 available on their population genetic diversity and structure. Here, the
 clonal structure of populations of the fissiparous sea cucumber Stichopus
 chloronotus has been investigated using nine microsatellite loci and a
 random sampling, at different spatial (intra-reef and inter-reef) and
 temporal (inter-season and inter-year) scales. Our findings highlight the
 importance of asexual reproduction in maintaining these populations, and
 the prevalence of the “initial seedling recruitment” strategy (ISR),
 leading to a high stability of clonal composition over seasons and years.
 It also seemed that clonal propagation was limited to the reef scale
 (&lt;10 km) while reefs were connected by sexual dispersal. This is
 the first time that clonal structure in sea cucumbers has been studied at
 such a fine scale, with a specific sampling strategy. It provides key
 findings on the genetic diversity and structure of fissiparous sea
 cucumbers, which will be useful for the management of wild populations and
 aquaculture.
description: Stichopus
 chloronotus_Reunion Island_microsatellite genotypesTab delimited text. On
 each line is represented the genotype of an individual at the nine
 microsatellite loci used.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cdd5wk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 45 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((105 20,170 20,170 70,105 70,105 20))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Carex traiziscana"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 45 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000775-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.926nd
title: Data from: Do plant traits explain tree seedling survival in bogs?

description: Moss-dominated peat bogs store approximately 30% of global soil carbon. A
 climate induced shift from current moss-dominated conditions to
 tree-dominated states is expected to strongly affect their functioning and
 carbon sequestration capacity. Consequently, unraveling the mechanisms
 that may explain successful tree seedling establishment in these
 ecosystems is highly relevant. To assess the role of drought on early tree
 seedling establishment and the relative importance of plant traits in tree
 seedling survival, we conducted a factorial glasshouse experiment with
 seven conifer species. Our results show that drought inhibits moss growth,
 thereby increasing survival of tree seedlings. Survival success was higher
 in Pinus than in Picea species, ranking Pinus banksiana &gt; Pinus
 sylvestris &gt; Pinus nigra &gt; Picea mariana &gt; Picea
 glauca, Picea sitchensis &gt; Picea rubens. We found that those
 species most successful under dry and wet conditions combined a fast shoot
 growth with high seed mass. We conclude that plant traits contribute to
 explaining successful early tree seedling establishment in bogs.
description: Seedlingtraitdataexperiment2Experiment 2 Morphological traits were assessed independently of Experiment 1. We grew tree seedlings under optimal conditions by planting pre-grown 4 weeks old tree seedlings ( see plant material) into the center of a (10 cm wide) pot, using a density of one seedling per pot. The pots were filled with sterilized organic soil, watered daily and kept under the same glasshouse light and humidity conditions as Experiment 1. Pots were arranged in five replicated blocks. Both the blocks and the pots within a block were randomly moved once a week. For more information on columnheadings see Table 1 in the associated MSMotherfile.xlsTraitsandsurvivalTraits assessed in Experiment 2 were used to relate to seedling survival in Experiment 1. This file contains trait data from experiment 2 and seedling survival of seven conifer species in experiment 1 kept under contrasting moisture conditions (Dry, Wet)traitsandsurvival.xlsxTraitplasticityseedlingsmosssoilTo assess the plasticity of the morphological traits, we compared the morphological traits based on seedlings from Experiment 2 (grown on soil) with values measured on seedlings in Experiment 1 under contrasting moisture conditionsTraitflexibilitymosssoil.xlsxgerminationTo assess germination, we introduced seeds to Experiment 1 in the third week, corresponding to the time when pot water contents had stabilized. Three seeds were placed around the seedling of the same species, on the capitulum of a moss individual, using 3 x 140 = 420 seeds in total. Germination was checked twice a week until harvest, 5 weeks later. We considered a seed germinated when the integument had broken and a ‘shoot’ of at least 1 mm had emerged from the seed.Mossgrowth and seedling performanceThe file contains growth and survival of seedlings grown on moss in experiment 1 as well as the moss growth itselfRelatie tussen mosgroei en seedling performance.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fm146
title: Data from: Effects of feral cats on the evolution of anti-predator behaviours in island reptiles: insights from an ancient introduction

description: Exotic predators have been the driving force behind the extinction of many
 island endemic species. We examined impacts of feral cats (Felis catus) on
 the abundance and anti-predator behaviors of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis
 erhardii) in the Cyclades (Greece), where cats were introduced thousands
 of years ago. We compared populations with high and low cat density on
 Naxos and populations on surrounding islets with no cats. Results show
 that cats have strong negative effects on wall lizard populations, and
 lizards cope with current threat from cats using plastic defenses that
 likely existed before the ancient introduction. Lizards facing greater
 risk from cats stayed closer to refugia, and were more likely to shed
 their tails in a standardized assay. Flight initiation distance from a
 surveyor or a mounted cat decoy in the lab correlated closely with risk
 from cats. All populations showed phenotypic plasticity in flight
 initiation distance suggesting that this plasticity is ancient and could
 have helped wall lizards survive the initial introduction of cats to the
 region. Lizards from islets sought shelter less often and often initially
 approached the cat decoy. These differences reflect a change since the
 introduction and could render islet lizards strongly susceptible to cat
 predation.
description: data_final
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s677t
title: Data from: Baseline immune activity is associated with date rather than with moult stage in the Arctic-breeding barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)

description: Variation in immune defence in birds is often explained either by external
 factors such as food availability and disease pressure or by internal
 factors such as moult and reproductive effort. We explored these factors
 together in one sampling design by measuring immune activity over the time
 frame of the moulting period of Arctic-breeding barnacle geese (Branta
 leucopsis). We assessed baseline innate immunity by measuring levels of
 complement-mediated lysis and natural antibody-mediated agglutination
 together with total and differential leukocyte counts. Variation in immune
 activity during moult was strongly associated with calendar date and to a
 smaller degree with the growth stage of wing feathers. We suggest that the
 association with calendar date reflected temporal changes in the external
 environment. This environmental factor was further explored by comparing
 the immune activity of geese in the Arctic population with conspecifics in
 the temperate climate zone at comparable moult stages. In the Arctic
 environment, which has a lower expected disease load, geese exhibited
 significantly lower values of complement-mediated lysis, their blood
 contained fewer leukocytes, and levels of phagocytic cells and reactive
 leukocytes were relatively low. This suggests that lower baseline immune
 activity could be associated with lower disease pressure. We conclude that
 in our study species, external factors such as food availability and
 disease pressure have a greater effect on temporal variation of baseline
 immune activity than internal factors such as moult stage.
description: Baseline immune activity
 is associated with date rather than with moult stage in the
 Arctic-breeding barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)CAM.Sandström_2014_barnacleGooseSpitsNL2007-2008.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jq68q
title: Data from: Prenatal stress effects in a wild, long-lived primate: predictive adaptive responses in an unpredictable environment

description: Prenatal maternal stress affects offspring phenotype in numerous species
 including humans, but it is debated whether these effects are
 evolutionarily adaptive. Relating stress to adverse conditions, current
 explanations invoke either short-term developmental constraints on
 offspring phenotype resulting in decelerated growth to avoid starvation,
 or long-term predictive adaptive responses (PARs) resulting in accelerated
 growth and reproduction in response to reduced life expectancies. Two PAR
 subtypes were proposed, acting either on predicted internal somatic states
 or predicted external environmental conditions, but because both affect
 phenotypes similarly, they are largely indistinguishable. Only external
 (not internal) PARs rely on high environmental stability particularly in
 long-lived species. We report on a crucial test case in a wild long-lived
 mammal, the Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis), which evolved and lives
 in an unpredictable environment where external PARs are probably not
 advantageous. We quantified food availability, growth, motor skills,
 maternal caretaking style and maternal physiological stress from faecal
 glucocorticoid measures. Prenatal maternal stress was negatively
 correlated to prenatal food availability and led to accelerated offspring
 growth accompanied by decelerated motor skill acquisition and reduced
 immune function. These results support the ‘internal PAR’ theory, which
 stresses the role of stable adverse internal somatic states rather than
 stable external environments.
description: Data Berghänel,
 Heistermann, Schülke, OstnerData for all analyses.
 For details see publication.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qkm9c5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 442 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((105 20,170 20,170 70,105 70,105 20))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Carex tenuiflora"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 442 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000774-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q1j71
title: Data from: Nutrient supply alters goldenrod’s induced response to herbivory

description: Recent interest in using trait-based approaches to understand and predict
 ecosystem processes and evolutionary responses to environmental change
 (both biotic and abiotic), highlights the need to understand the relative
 importance of genetic and environmental sources of intraspecific trait
 variation within local populations of dominant species. Here, I combine
 plant defense theory with functional approaches to quantify genetic trait
 variation and phenotypic trait plasticity of nine goldenrod (Solidago
 altissima) genotypes derived from a local field population in Connecticut,
 USA to herbivory along a nutrient supply gradient. I found that increasing
 nutrient supply changed the dominant plant defense strategy from tolerance
 to induced resistance. Induced resistance was detected through decreased
 herbivore growth rates and a behavioral feeding shift of grasshoppers to
 older leaf tissue. This could not be fully accounted for through
 stoichiometric changes in leaf tissue quality. A multi-dimensional
 phenotype approach revealed that abiotic and biotic environments
 (nutrients and herbivory) accounted for almost as much whole-plant trait
 variation (31%) as did plant genotype (36%). Increasing nutrient supply
 and herbivory resulted in independent and differential effects on
 whole-plant trait expression. Increasing both treatments concurrently
 produced a unique plant phenotype with increased leaf carbon content and
 allocation to asexual reproduction (ExE). Notably, individual genotypes
 exhibited different magnitudes of multivariate trait plasticity to
 nutrient and herbivory gradients. However, the population of genotypes as
 a whole within a given environment expressed an approximately equal
 magnitude of trait variation across both permissive (high nutrient, no
 herbivory) and stressful (low nutrient, high herbivory) environments.
 Quantifying plasticity in defensive strategy in concert with correlated
 whole-plant trait expression changes across multiple abiotic and biotic
 factors may be key to providing a mechanistic understanding of how
 heterogeneous landscapes impact community interactions and ecosystem
 processes.
description: tolerance and
 resistanceTolerance and resistance
 measures collected from 9 genotypes of S. altissima grown across and
 nutrient gradient within the greenhouse. Resistance was estimated using
 the relative growth rates of herbivores placed on previously fed on
 (induced) vs. control (constitutive) plants. Tolerance of herbivory of
 each genotype is estimated by dividing the fitness of a damaged plant by
 the fitness of an undamaged plantBurghardt2016_tol_and_resist_data.xlsxPlant trait dataTrait from plant individuals of 9 genotypes of S. altissima grown across a nutrient gradient (4 levels: 0ppm=lowest to 400ppm highest) and herbivory gradient (3 levels: 0= no herbivory, 1= 1 week of herbivory, 2=2 weeks of herbivory) within a greenhouse experiment. Column abbreviations are in metadata sheet.Burghardt2016_leaf_trait_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7p9v1
title: Data from: Vicariance and marine migration in continental island populations of a frog endemic to the Atlantic Coastal forest

description: The theory of island biogeography is most often studied in the context of
 oceanic islands where all island inhabitants are descendants from founding
 events involving migration from mainland source populations. Far fewer
 studies have considered predictions of island biogeography in the case of
 continental islands, where island formation typically splits continuous
 populations and thus vicariance also contributes to the diversity of
 island populations. We examined one such case on continental islands in
 southeastern Brazil, to determine how classic island biogeography
 predictions and past vicariance explain the population genetic diversity
 of Thoropa taophora, a frog endemic to the Atlantic Coastal Forest. We
 used nuclear microsatellite markers to examine the genetic diversity of
 coastal and island populations of this species. We found that island
 isolation has a role in shaping the genetic diversity of continental
 island species, with island populations being significantly less diverse
 than coastal populations. However, area of the island and distance from
 coast had no significant effect on genetic diversity. We also found no
 significant differences between migration among coastal populations and
 migration to and from islands. We discuss how vicariance and the effects
 of continued migration between coastal and island populations interact to
 shape evolutionary patterns on continental islands.
description: Thoropa taophora
 microsatellite genotype dataThis file includes
 genotype data for 438 individuals of the frog species Thoropa taophora.
 Individuals were genotyped at nine microsatellie loci. Individuals were
 collected at 17 sampling localities and for each individual the name and
 GPS point of the locality is included. Additionally, we indicate if the
 sampling locality was island or coastal.Thoropa genotype data for
 Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1612
title: Data from: Directional dispersal has not evolved during the cane toad invasion

description: 1. The ability to disperse along a consistent compass heading strongly
 affects the rate and efficiency of an animal's displacement, and thus
 is under selection at the expanding edge of a biological invasion. 2. We
 used radiotelemetry to assess whether the dispersal direction of cane
 toads (Rhinella marina) changed as a function of time since invasion, by
 comparing (i) toads at a single site monitored annually for 10 years
 subsequent to toad arrival; (ii) toads collected from sites across the
 species' invaded range in Australia, and radiotracked at a common
 site; and (iii) the offspring of those transported toads that were reared
 in captivity under common-garden conditions. 3. The first of these data
 sets showed non-random directionality, indicating strong spatial sorting
 operating on this trait: toads moved in a north-westerly direction for the
 first 6 years post-invasion, but in random directions thereafter. Despite
 the evidence for trait sorting, no consistent directionality was seen in
 toads relocated from populations with different invasion histories nor in
 their offspring. Why do we see no evolutionary shifts? 4. Dispersal
 directionality of the offspring was not correlated with that of their
 parents, arguing against a genetic basis to this behavioural trait. Thus,
 while an expanding invasion front creates an evolutionary pressure for
 animals to move in a specific direction, evolution of this trait has not
 occurred in this system because directionality is not heritable. 5. The
 observed north-westerly movements of toads at the invasion front were due
 to simple density differentials: in the first few years, most toads
 arriving at our study site originated from earlier-colonized (and hence
 denser) populations to the south-east.
description: Directional
 dispersalMean headings (in
 degrees) of radio tracked cane toads. Toads are in 3 categories Wild,
 Translocated or Progeny. Groupings within these categoraies are year#,
 location of origin, mid-parent distance, respectively.directional
 dispersal-Dryad.xlsxCane toad directional
 movement data with mean vector column added.Cane toad directional
 movement data with mean vector column addeddirectional dispersal with mean
 vector data-Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6vn7t861
title: Data from: Hsp70 protein levels and thermotolerance in Drosophila subobscura: a reassessment of the thermal co-adaptation hypothesis

description: Theory predicts that geographic variation in traits and genes associated
 with climatic adaptation may be initially driven by the correlated
 evolution of thermal preference and thermal sensitivity. This assumes that
 an organism’s preferred body temperature corresponds with the thermal
 optimum in which performance is maximized; hence, shifts in thermal
 preferences affect the subsequent evolution of thermal-related traits.
 Drosophila subobscura evolved world-wide latitudinal clines in several
 traits including chromosome inversion frequencies, with some polymorphic
 inversions being apparently associated with thermal preference and thermal
 tolerance. Here we show that flies carrying the warm-climate chromosome
 arrangement have higher basal protein levels of Hsp70 than their
 cold-climate counterparts, but this difference disappears after heat
 hardening. carriers are also more heat tolerant, although it is difficult
 to conclude from our results that this is causally linked to their higher
 basal levels of Hsp70. The observed patterns are consistent with the
 thermal co-adaptation hypothesis, and suggest that the interplay between
 behaviour and physiology underlies latitudinal and seasonal shifts in
 inversion frequencies.
description: GCalabria_JEB2463-HSP70inductionGCalabria_JEB2463-KnockdownTemperature