cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.46r30
title: Data from: Maternal effects on offspring size and number in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki

description: Given a trade-off between offspring size and number, all mothers are
 predicted to produce the same optimal-sized offspring in a given
 environment. In many species, however, larger and/or older mothers produce
 bigger offspring. There are several hypotheses to explain this but they
 lack strong empirical support. In organisms with indeterminate growth,
 there is the additional problem that maternal size and age are positively
 correlated, so what are their relative roles in determining offspring
 size? To investigate this, we measured the natural relationship between
 maternal and offspring size in a wild population of Gambusia holbrooki
 (eastern mosquitofish), and experimentally disentangled the effects of
 maternal age and size on offspring size in the laboratory. In combination,
 our data indicate that the relationship between maternal and offspring
 size is nonlinear. Small mothers seem to produce larger than average
 offspring due to integer effects associated with very small broods. For
 extremely large mothers, which were only sampled in our wild data, these
 larger than average offspring may result from greater maternal resources
 or age effects. However, maternal age had no effect on offspring size or
 number in the laboratory experiment. Our results highlight the importance
 of sampling the full size–range of mothers when investigating maternal
 effects on offspring size. They also point to the difficulty of
 experimentally manipulating maternal size, because any change in size is
 invariably associated with a change in at least one factor affecting
 growth (be it temperature, food availability, or density) that might also
 have an indirect effect on offspring size.
description: DryadDataThis data file contains five sheets. "Wild Data" and "Wild Data Individual Offspring" contains the lengths of offspring and their mothers after collecting pregnant females from the wild. "Lab Data" and "Lab Data Individual Offspring" contain data from a laboratory breeding experiment, whereby the daughters of wild-caught mothers were raised in different environments to produce four groups of females (Old/Large, Old/Small, Young/Large, Young/Small) to measure the effect of maternal size and age on offspring size and number. The final sheet - "Meta-data" - contains descriptions of the headers used in the four sheets of data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.79bt8
title: Data from: Nutrition during sexual maturation affects competitive ability but not reproductive productivity in burying beetles

description: 1. Food availability can be unpredictable. When food becomes more abundant
 following a period of low food availability, developing larvae or
 juveniles often allocate resources preferentially towards increasing
 growth. This has important long-term effects on adult phenotypes and
 longevity. Despite the importance of strategic resource allocation during
 early development, few studies have examined how changes in resource
 availability during other windows of development affect reproductive
 strategies and fitness independent of growth. 2. We manipulated food
 availability in a burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, during a
 subadult period of sexual maturation when individuals cannot increase
 structural size but are still undergoing reproductive maturation. 3. In
 contrast to the trade-offs during larval or juvenile growth, beetles that
 experienced delayed feeding during reproductive maturation allocated
 resources preferentially towards maintaining both reproductive function
 and longevity. 4. In both sexes, delayed feeding beetles were much less
 successful in competition for carcasses. However, delayed feeding males
 and females provided similar amounts of parental care and did not differ
 in reproductive success or longevity. 5. These results indicate that the
 nutritional environment experienced during a key developmental window may
 be an important determinant of the expression of alternative reproductive
 strategies in adulthood, independent of body size.
description: Data_file_for_Hopwood_et_al_Func_Ecol
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rs69k
title: Data from: Measuring and interpreting sexual selection metrics - evaluation and guidelines

description: (1) Routine assessments of overall sexual selection, including comparisons
 of its direction and intensity between sexes or species, rely on summary
 metrics that capture the essence of sexual selection. Nearly all currently
 employed metrics require population-wide estimates of individual mating
 success and reproductive success. The resulting sexual selection metrics,
 however, can heavily and systematically vary with the chosen approaches in
 terms of sampling, measurement, and analysis. (2) Our review illustrates
 this variation using the Bateman gradient, a particularly prominent sexual
 selection metric. It represents the selection gradient on mating success
 and – given the latter's pivotal role in defining sexual selection –
 reflects a trait-independent integrative proxy for the maximum strength of
 sexual selection. Drawing from a recent meta-analysis, we evaluate
 potential biases arising from study design, data collection, and parameter
 estimation, and provide suggestions to mitigate such biases in future
 studies. (3) With respect to study design, we argue that currently almost
 inexistent manipulative studies must complement the dominating correlative
 studies to inform us about causality in sexual selection. With respect to
 data collection, we outline how different measures of mating and
 reproductive success affect the components of sexual (and natural)
 selection that are reflected in standard summary metrics. With respect to
 parameter estimation, we show the potential impact of decisions about data
 inclusion and the chosen quantitative approach on inferences of sexual
 selection and its sex difference. (4) We expect this meta-analytical
 review to aid future studies in providing less biased and more informative
 estimates of sexual selection.
description: Figure2_Data_gMS_versus_cMSOriginal data underlying the display in Figure 2, showing the effect of using copulatory versus genetic mating success on estimated opportunities for sexual selection (Is) and Bateman gradients (beta ss).Figure4_Data_zero-mating-successOriginal data underlying the display in Figure 4. They illustrate the effect if including versus excluding the zero mating success category when establishing opportunities for sexual selection (Is) or Bateman gradients (beta ss).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8tt17dj
title: Data from: Links between blood parasites, blood chemistry, and the survival probability of nestling American crows

description: 1. Many studies have used the avian haemosporidians (Leucocytozoon,
 Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus) to test hypotheses of host-parasite
 co-evolution, yet documented health and survival consequences of these
 blood parasites vary among studies and generalizations about their
 pathogenicity are debatable. In general, the negative effects of the
 haemosporidians are likely to be greatest during acute infections of young
 birds, yet most previous studies in wild passerines have examined chronic
 effects in adults. 2. Here, we evaluated responses of nestling American
 crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) to acute infection (prevalence and burden),
 as well as its short- and long-term survival consequences. 3. We used
 panel of nine hematological and biochemical parameters that are regularly
 used to evaluate the health of domestic animals, including leukocyte
 profiles, hematocrit, and plasma proteins. We assessed the effects of
 infection on survival in a mark-recapture framework. 4. Overall, 56% of
 crows (n = 321 samples) were infected by at least one of the three genera.
 Infections by all genera were associated with elevated plasma proteins and
 globulins, which could indicate an adaptive immune response. However, only
 Plasmodium infections were associated with low hematocrit (anemia) and
 lower fledging success, possibly mediated by the negative effect of low
 hematocrit values on body condition. Moreover, early Plasmodium infection
 (&lt; 40 days of age) had long-term survival implications: it was
 associated with lower apparent survival probability within three years
 after fledging. 5. These results suggest that young crows mounted an
 adaptive immune response to all three genera. Short- and long-term
 pathological effects, however, were only apparent with Plasmodium
 infections.
description: Townsend et al
 2018_Ecology and Evolution_Blood parasites, chemistry, and survival of
 crowsTownsend et al 2018_Ecology and
 Evolution_dryad.txt
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14533249
title: Input-Output Table for the Construction Methods in 2015 in Japan
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18382989
title: Input-Output Table for the Construction Methods in 2015 in Japan
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0jk8b
title: Data from: How does mutation affect the distribution of phenotypes?

description: The potential for mutational processes to influence patterns of neutral or
 adaptive phenotypic evolution is not well understood. If mutations are
 directionally biased, shifting trait means in a particular direction, or
 if mutation generates more variance in some directions of multivariate
 trait space than others, mutation itself might be a source of bias in
 phenotypic evolution. Here, we use mutagenesis to investigate the affect
 of mutation on trait mean and (co)variances in zebrafish, Danio rerio.
 Mutation altered the relationship between age and both prolonged swimming
 speed and body shape. These observations suggest that mutational effects
 on ontogeny or aging have the potential to generate variance across the
 phenome. Mutations had a far greater affect on males than females,
 although whether this is a reflection of sex-specific ontogeny or aging
 remains to be determined. In males, mutations generated positive
 covariance between swimming speed, size and body shape suggesting the
 potential for mutation to affect the evolutionary covariation of these
 traits. Overall, our observations suggest that mutation does not generate
 equal variance in all directions of phenotypic space or in each sex, and
 that pervasive variation in ontogeny or aging within a cohort could affect
 the variation available to evolution.
description: Swimming speed and body
 shape data for two populations of zebrafishCSV file of phenotype
 records for 454 individuals with the following columns:. Animal - a unique
 identifier per individual fish Age - in days from fertilization to
 phenotype assay Family - integer identifying groups of full siblings Tank
 - nested within family; each family reared in 2 tanks Sex - male or female
 Treatment - Control or Mutant Ucrit - in cm/sec SL - in mm LM1.12 through
 LM9.10 - 10 body shape traits in units of centroid
 size.ENU F1
 zebrafish DRYAD.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j47br
title: Data from: Stronger selective constraint on downstream genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of cetaceans

description: The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway is an efficient way to
 produce energy via adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is critical for
 sustaining an energy supply for cetaceans in a hypoxic environment.
 Several studies have shown that natural selection may shape the evolution
 of the genes involved in OXPHOS. However, how network architecture drives
 OXPHOS protein sequence evolution remains poorly explored. Here, we
 investigated the evolutionary patterns of genes in the OXPHOS pathway
 across six cetacean genomes within the framework of a functional network.
 Our results show a negative correlation between the strength of purifying
 selection and pathway position. This result indicates that downstream
 genes were subjected to stronger evolutionary constraints than upstream
 genes, which may be due to the dual function of ATP synthase in the OXPHOS
 pathway. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between codon
 usage bias and omega (ω = dN/dS) and a negative correlation with
 synonymous substitution rate (dS), indicating that the stronger selective
 constraint on genes (with less biased codon usage) along the OXPHOS
 pathway is attributable to an increase in the rate of synonymous
 substitution. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between
 protein-protein interactions and the evolutionary estimates, implying that
 highly connected enzymes may not always show greater evolutionary
 constraints. Compared with that observed for terrestrial mammals, we found
 that the signature of positive selection detected in five genes (ATP5J,
 LHPP, PPA1, UQCRC1, UQCRQ) was cetacean-specific, reflecting the
 importance of OXPHOS for survival in hypoxic, aquatic environments.
description: Raw data of 97 genes for
 cetacean analysis97 genes alignment in
 cetaceansRaw data for
 analysis.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cr672
title: Data from: Bumble bee nest abundance, foraging distance, and host-plant reproduction: implications for management and conservation

description: Recent reports of global declines in pollinator species imply an urgent
 need to assess the abundance of native pollinators and density-dependent
 benefits for linked plants. In this study, we investigated (1) pollinator
 nest distributions and estimated colony abundances, (2) the relationship
 between abundances of foraging workers and the number of nests they
 represent, (3) pollinator foraging ranges, and (4) the relationship
 between pollinator abundance and plant reproduction. We examined these
 questions in an alpine ecosystem in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, focusing
 on four alpine bumble bee species (Bombus balteatus, B. flavifrons, B.
 bifarius, and B. sylvicola), and two host plants that differ in their
 degrees of pollinator specialization (Trifolium dasyphyllum and T.
 parryi). Using microsatellites, we found that estimated colony abundances
 among Bombus species ranged from ~18 to 78 colonies/0.01 km2. The
 long-tongued species B. balteatus was most common, especially high above
 treeline, but the subalpine species B. bifarius was unexpectedly abundant
 for this elevation range. Nests detected among sampled foragers of each
 species were correlated with the number of foragers caught. Foraging
 ranges were smaller than expected for all Bombus species, ranging from 25
 to 110 m. Fruit set for the specialized plant, Trifolium parryi, was
 positively related to the abundance of its Bombus pollinator. In contrast,
 fruit set for the generalized plant, T. dasyphyllum, was related to
 abundance of all Bombus species. Because forager abundance was related to
 nest abundance of each Bombus species and was an equally effective
 predictor of plant fecundity, forager inventories are probably suitable
 for assessing the health of outcrossing plant populations. However, nest
 abundance, rather than forager abundance, better reflects demographic and
 genetic health in populations of eusocial pollinators such as bumble bees.
 Development of models incorporating the parameters we have measured here
 (nest abundance, forager abundance, and foraging distance) could increase
 the usefulness of foraging worker inventories in monitoring, managing, and
 conserving pollinator populations.
description: Genotyped Bombus from
 Pennsylvania Mountain Colorado 2008This file contains
 genotypes of Bombus individuals from Pennsylvania Mountain Natural Area,
 Park County, COGenotyped Bombus Pennsylvania
 Mountain Colorado 2008.csvAlpine clover fecundity
 and Bombus abundance 2008This file contains 2008
 fecundity data for two alpine clovers, Trifolium dasyphyllum and T. parryi
 from four sites near the Pennsylvania Mountain Natural Area, Park County,
 Colorado. In addition, the number of caught individual Bombus from each
 site and the effective number of colonies determined by genetic analysis
 are also included.Alpine clover fecundity and
 bees.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2h44r
title: Data from: Archipelagos of the Anthropocene: rapid and extensive differentiation of native terrestrial vertebrates in a single metropolis

description: Some of the best evidence for rapid evolutionary change comes from studies
 of archipelagos and oceanic islands. City parks are analogous systems as
 they create geographically isolated green spaces that differ in size,
 structure, and complexity. Very little, however, is known about whether
 city parks in single urban centres drive selection and result in the
 diversification of native species. Here, we provide evidence for the rapid
 genetic and morphological differentiation of a native lizard (Intellagama
 lesueurii) at four geographically close yet unconnected parks within one
 city. Year of establishment of each city park varied from 1855 (oldest) to
 2001 (youngest) equating to a generation time range of 32 to three
 generations. Genetic divergence among city park populations was large
 despite the small pairwise geographic distances (&lt; 5km) and found
 to be two to three times higher for microsatellites and three to 33 times
 higher for mtDNA relative to non-urban populations. Patterns of
 morphological differentiation were also found to be most extensive among
 the four city park populations. In contrast to non-urban populations, city
 park populations showed significant differentiation in relative body size,
 relative head and limb morphology and relative forelimb and hindlimb
 length. Crucially, we show that these patterns of differentiation are
 unlikely to have been caused by founder events and/or drift alone. Our
 results suggest that city park ‘archipelagos’ could represent theatres for
 rapid evolution that may, in time, favour adaptive diversification.
description: Genotypes_13
 markersGenotypes for four city
 parks (CP1, CP2 and CP3), three isolated non-urban (INU1, INU2 and INU3)
 and three connected non-urban populations (CNU1, CNU2 and CNU3) of eastern
 water dragons (Intellagama lesueurii). 13 microsatellite markers are
 included (taken from Frere et al., 2012) in the file, File is in the
 format accepted for GeneALEx.Morphology_EWD_7
 popsMorphological
 measurements taken for four city park (CP1, CP2 and CP3) and three
 isolated non-urban (INU1, INU2 and INU3) populations of eastern water
 dragons (Intellagama lesueurii). File includes location, habitat type,
 sex, weight, jaw width, jaw length, upper forelimb length, lower forelimb
 length, upper hindlimb, lower hindlimb limb, tail girth and snout-ventral
 length. File is in a comma delimited excel spreadsheet.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8p6f2
title: Data from: Ectoparasite fitness in auxiliary hosts: Phylogenetic distance from a principal host matters

description: We studied reproductive performance in two flea species (Parapulex
 chephrenis and Xenopsylla ramesis) exploiting either a principal or one of
 eight auxiliary host species. We predicted that fleas would produce more
 eggs and adult offspring when exploiting (a) a principal host than an
 auxiliary host and (b) an auxiliary host phylogenetically close to a
 principal host than an auxiliary host phylogenetically distant from a
 principal host. In both flea species, egg production per female after one
 feeding and production of new imago after a timed period of an
 uninterrupted stay on a host differed significantly between host species.
 In general, egg and/or new imago production in fleas feeding on an
 auxiliary host was lower than in fleas feeding on the principal host,
 except for the auxiliary host that was the closest relative of the
 principal host. When all auxiliary host species were considered, we did
 not find any significant relationship between either egg or new imago
 production in fleas exploiting an auxiliary host and phylogenetic distance
 between this host and the principal host. However, when the analyses were
 restricted to auxiliary hosts belonging to the same family as the
 principal host (Muridae), new imago production (for P. chephrenis) or both
 egg and new imago production (for X. ramesis) in an auxiliary host
 decreased significantly with an increase in phylogenetic distance between
 the auxiliary and principal host. Our results demonstrated that a parasite
 achieves higher fitness in auxiliary hosts that are either the most
 closely-related to or the most distant from its principal host. This may
 affect host associations of a parasite invading new areas.
description: EggProductionEgg production of fleas after feeding on different host speciesNew Imago ProductionProduction of new offspring in fleas after feeding on different host species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qj3sb
title: Data from: Non-nest mate discrimination and clonal colony structure in the parthenogenetic ant Cerapachys biroi

description: Understanding the interplay between cooperation and conflict in social
 groups is a major goal of biology. One important factor is genetic
 relatedness, and animal societies are usually composed of related but
 genetically different individuals, setting the stage for conflicts over
 reproductive allocation. Recently, however, it has been found that several
 ant species reproduce predominantly asexually. Although this can
 potentially give rise to clonal societies, in the few well-studied cases,
 colonies are often chimeric assemblies of different genotypes, due to
 worker drifting or colony fusion. In the ant Cerapachys biroi, queens are
 absent and all individuals reproduce via thelytokous parthenogenesis,
 making this species an ideal study system of asexual reproduction and its
 consequences for social dynamics. Here, we show that colonies in our study
 population on Okinawa, Japan, recognize and effectively discriminate
 against foreign workers, especially those from unrelated asexual lineages.
 In accord with this finding, colonies never contained more than a single
 asexual lineage and average pairwise genetic relatedness within colonies
 was extremely high (r = 0.99). This implies that the scope for social
 conflict in C. biroi is limited, with unusually high potential for
 cooperation and altruism.
description: Kronauer et al. 2013 Beh
 Ecol Microsatellite DataMicrosatellite genotype
 raw data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8rk23t4
title: Data from: Rapid divergence of predator functional traits affects prey composition in aquatic communities

description: Identifying traits that underlie variation in individual performance of
 consumers (i.e. trait utility) can help reveal the ecological causes of
 population divergence, and the subsequent consequences for species
 interactions and community structure. Here, we document a case of rapid
 divergence (over the past 100 generations or ~150 years) in foraging
 traits and feeding efficiency between a lake and stream population pair of
 threespine stickleback. Building on predictions from functional trait
 models of fish feeding, we analyzed foraging experiments with a Bayesian
 path analysis and elucidated the traits explaining variation in foraging
 performance and the species composition of ingested prey. Despite
 extensive previous research on the divergence of foraging traits among
 populations and ecotypes of stickleback, our results provide novel
 experimental evidence of trait utility for jaw protrusion, gill raker
 length, and gill raker spacing when foraging on a natural zooplankton
 assemblage. Furthermore, we discuss how these traits might contribute to
 the differential effects of lake and stream stickleback on their prey
 communities, observed in both laboratory and mesocosm conditions. More
 generally, our results illustrate how the rapid divergence of functional
 foraging traits of consumers can impact the biomass, species composition,
 and trophic structure of prey communities.
description: Foraging experiment with
 two age classes of two stickleback ecotypes from the lake constance
 systemThe data set contains
 individual information about the fish (e.g. sex, size, age), morphological
 (e.g. jaw protrusion, eye size, component traits) and performance measures
 (capture success of various prey items)DepositryDat_AmNat2018_DS.xlsx