DOI: 10.3886/icpsr04058.v1
title: Time Series for the Births and Deaths of Newspapers in Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC, 1690-1994
title: Version 1

description: The collection consists of time series for the births and deaths of newspapers for Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC, with time-varying covariates. This data collection stemmed from a study of cultural production and the role of newspapers in social and political mobilization. The data have been used to study ethnic and political group formation and the importance of newspapers as an indicator of civil society. The New York City data also allow the analysis of organizational histories, including mergers, and newspapers' chained histories. Data were collected from secondary data sources, including multiple sources for newspapers, United States historical censuses, immigration data, wars, recessions, unemployment rates, and election data. The length of the time series varies by city, with the longest series for New York City, Buffalo, Boston, and Philadelphia. For most files, the year is the unit of analysis, which lends itself to Poisson count analyses or event history. Network techniques are appropriate with the entrepreneurship data. Parts 1-7 of this collection contain pooled data across multiple cities. Parts 8 and 9 contain data for Baltimore. Parts 10-25 include data from Boston, while Parts 26-45 cover Buffalo. Parts 46-63 are data for New York City and Parts 64-89 contain data for Philadelphia. Lastly, Parts 90 and 91 include data for Washington, DC.
description: none
description: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes..
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS0: Study-Level Files 
 DS1: Pooled Detailed Newspaper Data for Boston, Buffalo, New York, and Philadelphia, 1820-1900 
 DS2: Pooled Data for African American Newspapers, 1820-1900 
 DS3: Pooled Data for Political Papers Born, 1820-1950 
 DS4: Pooled Data for Political Papers in Boston, Buffalo, New York, and Philadelphia, 1820-1990 
 DS5: Pooled Data for Political Papers in Boston, Buffalo, New York, and Philadelphia, 1771-1985 
 DS6: Pooled Data for Religious and Ethnic Papers in Boston, Buffalo, New York, and Philadelphia, 1732-1985 
 DS7: Pooled Data for Religious and Ethnic Papers in Boston, Buffalo, New York, and Philadelphia, 1745-1987 
 DS8: Baltimore Detailed Newspaper Data, 1773-1985 
 DS9: Baltimore Newspaper Births by Year, 1760-1900 
 DS10: Boston Detailed Newspaper Data, 1690-1983 
 DS11: Boston Newspaper and Population Data, 1690-1983 
 DS12: Boston Demographic Data, 1790-1990 
 DS13: Boston Newspaper Births by Year, 1793-1986 
 DS14: Boston Independent Paper Births by Year, 1850-1930 
 DS15: Boston Newspaper Births, Deaths, and Density by Year, 1690-1986 
 DS16: Boston Political Papers Data, 1794-1923 
 DS17: Boston Detailed Political Papers Data, 1794-1923 
 DS18: Boston Total Election Count Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS19: Boston Total Election Percentages Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS20: Boston Select Election Percentages Data, 1794-1923 
 DS21: Boston Gubernatorial Election Data, 1835-1865 
 DS22: Boston Presidential Election Data, 1835-1865 
 DS23: Boston Political Papers and Election Data, 1794-1923 
 DS24: Boston Magazine Data, 1758-1925 
 DS25: Boston Cluster Data 
 DS26: Buffalo Detailed Newspaper Data, 1811-1986 
 DS27: Buffalo Demographic Data, 1790-1990 
 DS28: Buffalo Demographic and Religious Data, 1850-1940 
 DS29: Buffalo Newspaper Births by Year, 1820-1950 
 DS30: Buffalo Newspaper Deaths by Year, 1820-1950 
 DS31: Buffalo Unaffiliated Newspaper Births by Year, 1820-1950 
 DS32: Buffalo Newspaper Births, Deaths, and Density, 1811-1986 
 DS33: Buffalo Newspaper Births, Deaths, and Density, 1820-1950 
 DS34: Buffalo Newspaper Births, Deaths, and Density by Year, 1811-1994 
 DS35: Buffalo Newspaper Births, Deaths, and Density by Year, 1820-1950 
 DS36: Buffalo Newspaper Density by Year, 1820-1950 
 DS37: Buffalo Political Newspaper Data, 1820-1974 
 DS38: Buffalo Total Election Count Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS39: Buffalo Total Election Percentages Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS40: Buffalo Political Newspaper and Election Data, 1820-1974 
 DS41: Buffalo Ethnic Population Data, 1850-1930 
 DS42: Buffalo Ethnic Newspaper Births by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS43: Buffalo Ethnic Newspaper Deaths by Year, 1790-1993 
 DS44: Buffalo Ethnic Newspaper Lifespan Data by Decade, 1790-1990 
 DS45: Buffalo Religious Membership Data by Year, 1850-1930 
 DS46: New York City Detailed Newspaper Data, 1725-1988 
 DS47: New York City New Immigrant Newspaper Data, 1850-1987 
 DS48: New York City Old Immigrant Newspaper Data, 1784-1984 
 DS49: New York City Old and New Immigrant Newspapers by Year, 1725-1990 
 DS50: New York City Census Data, 1850-1940 
 DS51: New York City Population Data by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS52: New York City Census Data for Foreign Born, 1850-1990 
 DS53: New York City Independent Foundings by Year, 1850-1940 
 DS54: New York City Newspaper Lifespan, 1725-1984 
 DS55: New York City Political Newspaper Data, 1782-1985 
 DS56: New York City Total Election Count Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS57: New York City Total Election Percentages Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS58: New York City Ethnic Newspaper Births and Deaths by Year, 1725-1990 
 DS59: New York City Religious Membership Data, 1850-1940 
 DS60: New York City Religious Populations by Year, 1850-1940 
 DS61: New York Chains Data, 1735-1984 
 DS62: New York City Newspaper Families Data, 1725-1984 
 DS63: New York City Clusters of Families Data 
 DS64: Philadelphia Detailed Newspaper Data, 1719-1988 
 DS65: Philadelphia Population Data by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS66: Philadelphia Foreign-Born Population Data by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS67: Philadelphia Foreign-Born Population Data by Decade, 1850-1950 
 DS68: Philadelphia Newspaper and Social Data by Year, 1790-1988 
 DS69: Philadelphia Newspaper Foundings, 1719-1987 
 DS70: Philadelphia Newspaper Foundings by Type and Year, 1790-1990 
 DS71: Philadelphia Newspaper Foundings and Social Data by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS72: Philadelphia Newspaper Density Data by Year, 1790-1988 
 DS73: Philadelphia Newspaper Density and Population Data by Year, 1719-1994 
 DS74: Philadelphia Newspaper Density and Social Data by Year, 1790-1988 
 DS75: Philadelphia Newspaper, Depression, and Strike Data by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS76: Philadelphia Newspapers Depression, Unemployment by Year 1719-1994 
 DS77: Philadelphia Political Newspaper Data, 1771-1939 
 DS78: Philadelphia Political Newspaper and Election Data, 1771-1939 
 DS79: Philadelphia Political Newspaper and Election Data Sorted by Year, 1771-1939 
 DS80: Philadelphia Political Newspaper and Election Data, 1835-1865 
 DS81: Philadelphia Political Newspaper and Gubernatorial Election Data, 1835-1865 
 DS82: Philadelphia Political Newspaper and Presidential Election Data, 1835-1865 
 DS83: Philadelphia Total Election Count Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS84: Philadelphia Total Election Percentages Data by Year, 1824-1952 
 DS85: Philadelphia Religious Population Data by Year, 1850-1930 
 DS86: Philadelphia Religious Membership Data, 1850-1926 
 DS87: Philadelphia Newspaper Religious, Political and Ethnic Affiliations Data, 1719-1988 
 DS88: Philadelphia Ethnic and Religious Population Data by Year, 1719-1994 
 DS89: Philadelphia Ethnic, Political, and Religious Newspaper Foundings Data by Year, 1790-1990 
 DS90: Washington Detailed Newspaper Data 
 DS91: Washington, DC Newspaper Births, 1789-1888
description: Newspapers in large cities in the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: cities
description: The cities were selected purposively, with emphasis on older and larger cities in the United States.