DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr85p
title: Resource selection by New York City deer reveals the effective interface between wildlife, zoonotic hazards, and humans

description: Although the role of host movement in shaping infectious disease dynamics
 is widely acknowledged, methodological separation between animal movement
 and disease ecology has prevented researchers from leveraging empirical
 insights from movement data to advance landscape scale understanding of
 infectious disease risk. To address this knowledge gap, we examine how
 movement behavior and resource utilization by white-tailed deer
 (Odocoileus virginianus) determines blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis)
 distribution, which depend on deer for dispersal in a highly fragmented
 New York City borough. Multi-scale hierarchical resource selection
 analysis and movement modeling provide insight into how deer’s movements
 contribute to the risk landscape for human exposure to the Lyme disease
 vector–I. scapularis. We find deer select highly vegetated and accessible
 residential properties which support blacklegged tick survival. We
 conclude the distribution of tick-borne disease risk results from
 individual resource selection by deer across spatial scales in response to
 habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances.
description: # Title of Dataset: *** VanAcker, M.C., DeNicola, V.L., DeNicola, A.J.,
 Aucoin, S.G., Simon, R., Toal, K.L., Diuk-Wasser, M.A., Cagnacci, F.
 Resource selection by New York City deer reveals the effective interface
 between wildlife, zoonotic hazards, and humans. *Ecology Letters* ##
 Description of the data and file structure The files named
 'males\_*seasonyear*.rds' or
 'females\_*seasonyear*.rds' can be used for the
 manuscript's integrated step selection analysis (iSSA). Each .rds
 file is divided by deer sex, season, and year. These files are already in
 the form needed to use the “amt” package for iSSA models. All data files
 used for iSSA have GPS locations, turn angles, step lengths, and the
 landcover type extracted for each observed and random location. The file
 ‘AllDeer\_MultiScale\_RSS.rds’ is used to produce the summarized AIC
 results from the second order resource selection functions and can be used
 to produce Figure S7 from the supplemental material file. The file
 ‘LCarea\_in\_HR.csv’ is used to produce Figure 2 and includes the area of
 each landcover type contained within individual deer’s home range.
 ‘All\_M1\_FineScale.csv’ contains the resulting coefficient estimates for
 all individual deer model #1 runs which used the fine thematic resolution
 spatial layer. This can be used to produce Figure 3. The files
 ‘allcoef\_boots\_males.csv’ and ‘allcoef\_boots\_females.csv’ are used to
 produce Figure 4 movement covariate plots for males and females across
 urban and natural habitat types. The files entitled
 'VanAcker\_SI\_NY\_USA' contain the .tif spatial file used in
 fine thematic scale models and include accompanying style files used for
 the Figure 1 map symbology. ### Data description for male and female .rds
 files | Column | Term | Definition | Unit | | ------ | ---- | ---------- |
 ---- | | A | id | Unique IDs for white-tailed deer male and female
 individuals | | | B | burst\_ | Sequential integers denoting the track
 subsets with constant sampling rate | | | C | x1\_ | Starting step easting
 coordinate | EPSG 32618: WGS 84 / UTM Zone 18N | | D | x2\_ | Ending step
 easting coordinate | EPSG 32618: WGS 84 / UTM Zone 18N | | E | y1\_ |
 Starting step northing coordinate | EPSG 32618: WGS 84 / UTM Zone 18N | |
 F | y2\_ | Ending step northing coordinate | EPSG 32618: WGS 84 / UTM Zone
 18N | | G | sl\_ | Step length | meters; CRS unit from EPSG 32618 | | H |
 direction\_p | Absolute direction | radians | | I | ta\_ | Turning angle |
 degrees | | J | t1\_ | Step start time | UTC timestamp | | K | t2\_ | Step
 end time | UTC timestamp | | L | dt\_ | Time difference between steps |
 hours | | M | step\_id\_ | Sequential integer grouping observed and
 available steps | | | N | case\_ | Observed step = 'TRUE' or
 available step = 'FALSE' | | | O | tod\_end\_ | Time of day at
 end step | day or night | | P | landuse\_start | Landuse type at start
 step | 1 (Water/Wetland/Herb), <br>2 (Low Development), <br>3
 (Med-Hi Development), <br>4 (Forest), <br>5 (High Vegetation
 Block), <br>6 (Low Vegetation Block) | | Q | landuse\_end | Landuse
 type at end step | 1 (Water/Wetland/Herb), <br>2 (Low Development),
 <br>3 (Med-Hi Development), <br>4 (Forest), <br>5 (High
 Vegetation Block), <br>6 (Low Vegetation Block) | | R |
 landuseC\_start | Categorical landuse type at start step |
 Water/Wetland/Herb, <br>LowDev = Low Development, <br>MedHiDev
 = Med-Hi Development, <br>Forest, <br>Block1 = High Vegetation
 Block, <br>Block2 = Low Vegetation Block | | S | landuseC\_end |
 Categorical landuse type at end step | Water/Wetland/Herb,
 <br>LowDev = Low Development, <br>MedHiDev = Med-Hi
 Development, <br>Forest, <br>Block1 = High Vegetation Block,
 <br>Block2 = Low Vegetation Block | | T | cos\_ta\_ | Cosine of the
 turning angle | | | U | log\_sl\_ | Natural log of the step length | | ###
 Data description for ‘AllDeer\_MultiScale\_RSS.rds’ file | Column | Term |
 Definition | Unit | | ------ | ---- | ---------- | ---- | | A | id |
 Unique IDs for white-tailed deer male and female individuals | | | B |
 scale | Buffer scale surrounding each used or available location for which
 the total area of developed land was estimated | meters | | C | AIC |
 Akaike Information Criteria of multi-scale logistic regression models
 examining the effect of development on location use for deer | | | D |
 nobs | Number of used and available locations used in model | | | E |
 min\_aic | Lowest model AIC score grouped by id | | | F | delta\_aic | AIC
 score difference between each model and the best (or lowest) AIC by id | |
 | G | relative\_aic | Delta AIC score divided by the maximum delta AIC
 score grouped by id | | ### Data description for
 'LCarea\_in\_HR.csv' file | Column | Term | Definition | Unit |
 | ------ | ---- | ---------- | ---- | | A | id | Unique IDs for
 white-tailed deer male and female individuals | | | B | simp |
 Simpson's diversity index of habitat within home range | Diversity
 index (D) | | C | lc\_category | Categorical landuse type |
 Water/Wetland/Herb, <br>LowDev = Low Development, <br>MedHiDev
 = Med-Hi Development, <br>Forest, <br>Block1 = High Vegetation
 Block, <br>Block2 = Low Vegetation Block | | D | lc\_area\_ha |
 Landuse area within deer homerange | hectares | ### Data description for
 ‘All\_M1\_FineScale.csv’ file | Column | Term | Definition | | ------ |
 ---- | ---------- | | A | term | Coefficient term from iSSA model #1 | | B
 | estimate | Beta coefficient estimate | | C | conf.low | Lower limit of
 95% confidence interval | | D | conf.high | Upper limit of 95% confidence
 interval | | E | ID | Unique IDs for white-tailed deer male and female
 individuals | | F | Breed\_year | Year of breeding season data | | G | sex
 | Deer sex | ### Data description for 'allcoef\_boots\_ .csv'
 files | Column | Term | Definition | | ------ | ---- | ---------- | | A |
 key | Coefficient term | | B | lq | 2.5% Lower quantile | | C | mean |
 Average beta coefficient from bootstrap | | D | uq | 97.5% Upper quantile
 | | E | inv\_se | Inverse variance of beta coefficient | | F | id | Unique
 IDs for white-tailed deer male and female individuals | | G | sex | Deer
 sex | | H | season | Season of data collection | | I | year | Year of data
 collection | ## Sharing/Access information Comments and requests should be
 addressed to Meredith VanAcker: VanAckerM@si.edu. All material is free of
 use, but please notify me of its use and cite the dataset and the matching
 paper if appropriate. Data was derived from the following sources: The
 male white-tailed deer movement data was collected as part of New York
 City's Deer Impact Management Plan.  The spatial file was derived
 from the following open-sourced datasets: [NYC Tax PLUTO
 data](https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/data-maps/open-data/dwn-pluto-mappluto.page) [NLCD 2016 Landcover Layer](https://www.mrlc.gov/data) These were integrated with non-open-sourced data to develop the final spatial layer. ## Code/Software The code is written in R and used version 4.0.5. The data to be imported at the beginning of the script is listed in order of its use for each code section. Sections A and B can be run with any individual season-sex-year files. Section C should be run only with female deer files. Section D should be run only with files labeled ‘breed’ for male and female deer. All exporting of datafiles or figures have been hashed out. The spatial file can be mapped using QGIS.