DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c5g23
title: Data from: Unveiling the diversification dynamics of Australasian predaceous diving beetles in the Cenozoic

description: During the Cenozoic, Australia experienced major climatic shifts that have
 had dramatic ecological consequences for the modern biota. Mesic tropical
 ecosystems were progressively restricted to the coasts and replaced by
 arid-adapted floral and faunal communities. Whilst the role of
 aridification has been investigated in a wide range of terrestrial
 lineages, the response of freshwater clades remains poorly investigated.
 To gain insights into the diversification processes underlying a
 freshwater radiation, we studied the evolutionary history of the
 Australasian predaceous diving beetles of the tribe Hydroporini (147
 described species). We used an integrative approach including the latest
 methods in phylogenetics, divergence time estimation, ancestral character
 state reconstruction, and likelihood-based methods of diversification rate
 estimation. Phylogenies and dating analyses were reconstructed with
 molecular data from seven genes (mitochondrial and nuclear) for 117
 species (plus 12 outgroups). Robust and well-resolved phylogenies indicate
 a late Oligocene origin of Australasian Hydroporini. Biogeographic
 analyses suggest an origin in the East Coast region of Australia, and a
 dynamic biogeographic scenario implying dispersal events. The group
 successfully colonized the tropical coastal regions carved by a rampant
 desertification, and also colonized groundwater ecosystems in Central
 Australia. Diversification rate analyses suggest that the ongoing
 aridification of Australia initiated in the Miocene contributed to a major
 wave of extinctions since the late Pliocene probably attributable to an
 increasing aridity, range contractions and seasonally disruptions
 resulting from Quaternary climatic changes. When comparing subterranean
 and epigean genera, our results show that contrasting mechanisms drove
 their diversification and therefore current diversity pattern. The
 Australasian Hydroporini radiation reflects a combination of processes
 that promoted both diversification, resulting from new ecological
 opportunities driven by initial aridification, and a subsequent loss of
 mesic adapted diversity due to increasing aridity.
description: Appendix
 1List
 of the species used in this studyRevised_Appendix
 1.docAppendix
 2List
 of primers and details of PCR protocols for gene
 amplificationsRevised_Appendix
 2.docAppendix
 3Revised_Appendix
 3.docAppendix
 4Rationales on the choice
 of time slices for the DEC analysesRevised_Appendix
 4.docAppendix
 5Summary of sequencing
 results for the different genera of Australasian
 HydroporiniRevised_Appendix
 5.docAppendix
 6Selection of the
 best-fitting models of sequence evolution under the Akaike (AIC/AICc) and
 Bayesian (BIC) information criterionsRevised_Appendix
 6.docAppendix
 7Bayes Factors (BF)
 estimates of BEAST dating analyses using fossil calibration on the COI
 datasetRevised_Appendix
 7.docAppendix
 8Results of TreePar
 analyses for the Hydroporini, Paroster and Sternopriscus
 radiationsRevised_Appendix
 8.docAppendix
 9Results of MEDUSA
 analyses for the Hydroporini radiationRevised_Appendix
 9.docAppendix
 10Revised_Appendix
 10.docAppendix
 11Revised_Appendix
 11.docAppendix
 12Plots of resulting
 diversity trajectory in Hydroporini as reconstructed from the best-fit
 model of diversification analyses with the Morlon et al.’s
 approachRevised_Appendix
 12.docAppendix
 13Plots of speciation
 (line) and extinction (dotted line) rates in the genus Paroster of the
 best-fit model of diversification analyses as recovered with the Morlon et
 al.’s approachRevised_Appendix
 13.docAppendix
 14Plots of resulting
 diversity trajectory in the genus Paroster as reconstructed from the
 best-fit model of diversification analyses with the Morlon et al.’s
 approachRevised_Appendix
 14.docAppendix
 15Plots of speciation
 (line) and extinction (dotted line) rates in the genus Sternopriscus of
 the best-fit model of diversification analyses as recovered with the
 Morlon et al.’s approachRevised_Appendix
 15.docAppendix
 16Plots of resulting
 diversity trajectory in the genus Sternopriscus as reconstructed from the
 best-fit model of diversification analyses with the Morlon et al.’s
 approachRevised_Appendix
 16.docAppendix
 17Results of BiSSE
 analyses for the Hydroporini and Paroster radiationsRevised_Appendix
 17.docAppendix
 18Results of
 diversity-dependence analyses for the Hydroporini, Paroster and
 Sternopriscus radiationsRevised_Appendix
 18.docDNA_MatrixDNA Matrix of the tribe Hydroporini with gene order informationRevised_DNA_Matrix.nex