DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjv6
title: Comparative functional analyses of the prostate-specific KLK3 enzyme in primates reveal the impact of sexual selection

description: Male reproductive proteins frequently evolve rapidly in animals,
 potentially due to adaptive evolution driven by sperm competition,
 polyspermy avoidance, or pathogen defense. Alternatively, elevated rates
 of protein change may be due to relaxed constraints. The prostate-specific
 protease KLK3 has experienced dynamic evolution since its origin stemming
 from a gene duplication in the ancestor of all Old World primates, with
 instances of rapid evolution, stasis, and pseudogenization. As we
 demonstrate with functional assays using recombinant proteins, these
 changes have resulted in a chimpanzee KLK3 ortholog with greater enzyme
 velocity and higher efficiency than other apes, including humans. Reduced
 enzyme efficiency was observed in gorillas and gibbons who both possess a
 chimeric KLK2/KLK3 enzyme resulting from independent genomic deletions.
 The relative efficiency of KLK3 homologs among these species correlates
 well with their presumed levels of sperm competition. Furthermore, the
 reconstructed protein of the human-chimpanzee last common ancestor has
 enzyme kinetics identical to modern humans, suggesting that the observed
 functional differences between humans and chimpanzees are derived in the
 latter, and allowing us to tentatively speculate that their common
 ancestor did not possess a polygynandrous mating system similar to modern
 chimpanzees.
description: Expression plasmids used to produce recombinant proteins were
 purified with the PureYield Plasmid Midiprep System (Promega). Whole
 plasmid sequencing of these plasmids was performed by Plasmidsaurus using
 Oxford Nanopore Technology with custom analysis and annotation. All files
 are unaltered data files as obtained from Plasmidsaurus.
description: # Comparative functional analyses of the prostate-specific KLK3 enzyme in
 primates reveal the impact of sexual selection
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjv6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjv6) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables #### **Data formats** **GenBank (*.gbk):** Contains the full sequence of each plasmid with annotations. Recommended to be opened with SnapGene Viewer (available for free from [www.snapgene.com](http://www.snapgene.com)), or as simple text. **Annotated plasmid map (*.pLann.html):** Visual map with annotation, generated by Plasmidsaurus. Recommended to be opened with a web browser. **Sequence quality statistics (.csv and .tsv):** Nucleotide read statistics for each position (pos), generated by Plasmidsaurus. For each nucleotide position in the plasmid sequence, the number of matches and mismatches are given, along with the nature of the mismatch. These comma-separated and tab-separated files can be opened with Microsoft Excel or equivalent, simple text reader, or processed with custom scripts. **FASTA (*.fasta):** Sequences of plasmids in standard FASTA format. Recommended to be opened with a simple text reader, plasmid analysis software such as SnapGene Viewer, or processed with custom scripts. **FASTQ (*.fastq):** Sequences of plasmids in standard FASTQ format, where the sequence is given along with quality scores for each nucleotide. Recommended to be opened with a simple text reader, plasmid analysis software such as SnapGene Viewer, or processed with custom scripts. **nmer histograms (*.svg):** Proportion of reads binned by size, generated by Plasmidsaurus. These histograms are used to identify the presence of plasmid dimers. The files are in the format of a “scalar vector graphic”, which can be opened with image analysis software or a web browser.