DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15514892
title: Effects of the 2024 total solar eclipse upon reception of trans-Atlantic signals in the medium-wave broadcast band, using software defined radio files recorded in Swansea, UK, part 1.

description: Recorded by:  Mike Hayes.

Grid square of location recorded:  IO71xo

Maximum obscuration of the sun was 0%, as the eclipse ended in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the recording site.  However, unusual signals were noted from North America during the eclipse period.

These data files are recordings of the entire medium wave broadcast band (535-1705kHz) made during the total solar eclipse of 8 April 2024 from 1747 to 2040UT from Swansea, UK.   They are part of a set of such recordings made from 1730UT to 2130UT on 8 April, 2024, and 1730UT to 2126UT on 9 April, 2024.

Data Quality:  Only limitations are some spurious carriers, especially about 1600kHz.    

Data files are .wav format, but the archived files are .zip, with a number of .wav files packaged together in each .zip file, using the prefix “MHayes-wideband_170_1836kHz_ “.  As the total files recorded during the solar eclipse exceeded the Zenodo 50GB limit, the remainder of the dataset is found in “Effects of the 2024 total solar eclipse upon reception of trans-Atlantic signals in the medium-wave broadcast band, using software defined radio files recorded in Swansea, UK. part 2”.

The recordings not included here or in Part 2 are available by contacting HamSCI at am-eclipse@hamsci.org, if you require this data. 

Antenna:  Flag antenna, approximately 8mx4m; rectangular, pointing 265 deg Magnetic  termination 1719 ohms.  Wellbrook FLG100LN was used as the antenna amplifier.

Receiver:   Winradio G31DDC, with center frequency 1003kHz, recording 1666.667 kHz wide passband, using SDR Console software.    Hardware was not locked to a frequency standard.

Recording computer time was set by time.windows.com
description: In the AM broadcast band (535-1705kHz), there are roughly two modes of broadcast station signal coverage, one of which occurs in the daytime, and the other at night. During the day time, signals are propagated by ground wave and not usually heard well beyond 150km from the transmitter. However, at night, an absorptive region in the ionosphere, the D-layer, disappears, allowing signals to refract off higher regions of the ionosphere, and to be heard hundreds and even thousands, of kilometers away from the transmitter. 

The radio stations in this band use amplitude modulation, which requires a strong stable carrier wave, well suited for observing changes in signal characteristics over a time period. During the total solar eclipse of 8 April 2024, signals were observed changing from daytime to nighttime mode, and then back again as the moon's shadow moved across North America. 

In addition, as the eclipse ended in the North Atlantic Ocean, and sunset had already occurred across Europe, a brief darkness path was created between North America and Europe.  This meant that trans-Atlantic medium wave signals were briefly observed in both Eastern North America and in Europe and North Africa.

Included in these files is an installation file for the SDR control and playback software, SDR Console (“SDR-Radio V3.3, 64-bit, 2024-02-05_0741.exe”), to allow a first examination of the .wav files; this is courtesy of Simon Brown, G4ELI, its developer.  The latest version is available at https://www.sdr-radio.com/Console .  Instructions for playing back SDR .wav files in SDR Console for the first-time user are found in “OpeningSDRfilesInConsole.pdf” on this site.

There are also reference files to assist in identifying signals heard :

"AMBC Raw List April_2024.xlsx", courtesy of Tim Tromp KE8JFM (https://amdxer.com/ambc/ )

“RDMW-2022-v1.2.2.zip”, courtesy of William Scott, WE7W ( https://radio-timetraveller.blogspot.com/ )

"2023-24_IRCA_Mexican_Log.pdf”, courtesy of International Radio Club of America (https://www.ircaonline.org/ )

"IRCA Slogans - March 22, 2024.pdf" for identifying slogans used by radio stations,  courtesy of International Radio Club of America (https://www.ircaonline.org/ )

"20240409-EuropeAfricaMEListing.pdf" lists all medium wave and longwave broadcasters on the air on 9 April 2024 in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, with transmitter co-ordinates and other information, courtesy of Günter Lorenz, DL3GLF, and MWList.org 

"Exact frequencies of medium wave broadcasters.pdf" is a snapshot of a database of fine scale measurement of the frequencies of MW stations worldwide that were current as of April 9, 2024, the day after the total solar eclipse.  They are also courtesy of Günter Lorenz, DL3GLF, and MWList.org  

"Offsets on Medium Wave – some Notes and Examples.pdf" provides further background about measurement of exact frequencies of received signals and is courtesy of Nils Schiffhauer, DK8OK 

 

Finally, a copy of Carrier Sleuth software (“CarrierSleuthWindowsMay2024.zip”) is included, courtesy of its developer, Chris Smolinski, W3HFU, along with further instructions for use (“CarrierSleuthOverview.pdf” ).   This can be used to view .fft files compressed in "MHayes-CarrierSleuth-Apr08-09.zip" which will provide waterfall visualizations of all carriers for each 10kHz AM broadcast band channel during the entire recording period.    Carrier Sleuth may also be used to create new .fft files from the data.  The latest version is available at https://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/medium_wave_carrier_display_app.html .

 

(If this data is used for research, cited in an article, paper, poster or presentation, the participants would expect and appreciate the courtesy of receiving credit for their work.  Questions regarding attribution should be directed to HamSCI, at hamsci@hamsci.org .)