cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719810.v1
title: Naturally Occurring Co-infection of Avian Leukosis Virus (subgroups A-E) and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus)

description: ABSTRACT Most of the neoplastic diseases affecting poultry have a viral etiology, such as Marek’s disease, avian leukosis/sarcoma and reticuloendotheliosis. In the present paper, histopathology and molecular methods were performed, in addition of necropsy and gross morphology evaluation, for the differential diagnosis of these diseases in two green peafowls (Pavo muticus). The affected birds showed non-specific signs, such as depression, anorexia, and diarrhea. At necropsy, diffuse enlargement by several times the normal size of the liver and the spleen was observed. In one of the birds, the liver presented white to grayish discoloration was present, and focal and nodular growths in the other bird. Grossly, the other visceral organs and the peripheral nerves were normal. Microscopically, most of the tumor cells were large and uniform with pleomorphic nuclei. The PCR analysis for Marek’s disease virus (MDV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)based on their specific sequences showed the presence of ALV subgroups A-E and REV. According to these results, definitive diagnosis was co-infection of ALV and REV in naturally-infected green peafowls.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719807
title: The labour Insertion of the Pedagogues in the Framework of the Active Labour Market Policies

description: ABSTRACT The current labour policies are one of the essential pillars in the operation of the job market, contributing to job creation and facilitating the insertion of the unemployed, including graduates as a group that merits priority attention. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a review of the impact that current active labour policies have on the graduate’s employability, through a research with students in the last year of their degree in Pedagogy, implemented at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). We used descriptive methodology, applying a questionnaire on the topic of the graduate’s insertion into the job market (sample of 169 subjects). We conclude stating the necessity to promote these policies in the scenario of higher education, as they are the most appropriate in terms of employability. Similarly, we support the carrying out of impact assessments mainly focused on the results of such policies and on the possible ways to improve them.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719807.v1
title: The labour Insertion of the Pedagogues in the Framework of the Active Labour Market Policies

description: ABSTRACT The current labour policies are one of the essential pillars in the operation of the job market, contributing to job creation and facilitating the insertion of the unemployed, including graduates as a group that merits priority attention. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a review of the impact that current active labour policies have on the graduate’s employability, through a research with students in the last year of their degree in Pedagogy, implemented at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). We used descriptive methodology, applying a questionnaire on the topic of the graduate’s insertion into the job market (sample of 169 subjects). We conclude stating the necessity to promote these policies in the scenario of higher education, as they are the most appropriate in terms of employability. Similarly, we support the carrying out of impact assessments mainly focused on the results of such policies and on the possible ways to improve them.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719801
title: Analysts' Consensus and Target Price Accuracy: A Study in Latin America

description: Abstract Market analysts, by means of issuance of their opinions (earnings per share, target prices, and recommendations), have been the object of several earlier studies. Previous literature identifies analysts as information intermediaries between companies and investors, and identifies their role in reducing the information asymmetry. This study investigates whether the estimated standard deviations of price-target shares issued by capital market analysts are informative, and ascertains whether it is possible to identify smaller errors in analysts' forecasts from the verification of the consensus among them. The study is carried out in Latin American countries, and relies on a database of 23,367 estimates of target-price shares during the period from October 2010 to January 2017. It also takes into account the number of analysts who issued the estimates, the company market value, and the government effectiveness between the countries. The results indicate that the greater the consensus (smaller standard deviation), the smaller the forecast errors. Thus, the standard deviation of target-price estimates presents an informative tool to investors about forecast accuracy. Another important result shows that the greater the government effectiveness, the greater the forecast accuracy of target-price estimates issued by the analysts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719798
title: Hyperbaric oxygenation and the genic expression related to oxidative stress in the heart of mice during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

description: Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, we evaluated the expression of 84 genes related to oxidative stress and the antioxidant response in mouse hearts. Methods: Four groups were subjected to 60 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion: IRG, ischemia and reperfusion group without HBO; HBO-IG, which received HBO during ischemia; HBO-RG, which received HBO during reperfusion; and HBO-IRG, which received HBO during ischemia and reperfusion. The control group (CG) underwent anesthesia and laparotomy and was observed for 120 minutes. The (RT-qPCR) method was applied. Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Student’s t-test p&lt;0.05). Results: Eight genes (9.52%) were hyperexpressed in the IRG. When the HBO groups were compared to the IRG, we found a decrease in the expression of eight genes in the HBO-IG, five genes in the HBO-RG, and seven genes in the HBO-IRG. Conclusion: The reduction in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense following HBO in mouse hearts resulting from intestinal IR injury was more favorable during the ischemic period than during the reperfusion period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719801.v1
title: Analysts' Consensus and Target Price Accuracy: A Study in Latin America

description: Abstract Market analysts, by means of issuance of their opinions (earnings per share, target prices, and recommendations), have been the object of several earlier studies. Previous literature identifies analysts as information intermediaries between companies and investors, and identifies their role in reducing the information asymmetry. This study investigates whether the estimated standard deviations of price-target shares issued by capital market analysts are informative, and ascertains whether it is possible to identify smaller errors in analysts' forecasts from the verification of the consensus among them. The study is carried out in Latin American countries, and relies on a database of 23,367 estimates of target-price shares during the period from October 2010 to January 2017. It also takes into account the number of analysts who issued the estimates, the company market value, and the government effectiveness between the countries. The results indicate that the greater the consensus (smaller standard deviation), the smaller the forecast errors. Thus, the standard deviation of target-price estimates presents an informative tool to investors about forecast accuracy. Another important result shows that the greater the government effectiveness, the greater the forecast accuracy of target-price estimates issued by the analysts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719798.v1
title: Hyperbaric oxygenation and the genic expression related to oxidative stress in the heart of mice during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

description: Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, we evaluated the expression of 84 genes related to oxidative stress and the antioxidant response in mouse hearts. Methods: Four groups were subjected to 60 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion: IRG, ischemia and reperfusion group without HBO; HBO-IG, which received HBO during ischemia; HBO-RG, which received HBO during reperfusion; and HBO-IRG, which received HBO during ischemia and reperfusion. The control group (CG) underwent anesthesia and laparotomy and was observed for 120 minutes. The (RT-qPCR) method was applied. Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Student’s t-test p&lt;0.05). Results: Eight genes (9.52%) were hyperexpressed in the IRG. When the HBO groups were compared to the IRG, we found a decrease in the expression of eight genes in the HBO-IG, five genes in the HBO-RG, and seven genes in the HBO-IRG. Conclusion: The reduction in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense following HBO in mouse hearts resulting from intestinal IR injury was more favorable during the ischemic period than during the reperfusion period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719795
title: The right to the city and International Urban Agendas: a document analysis

description: Abstract Considering social, economic and demographic issues, living in the city implies inadequate living conditions, social exclusion, inequities and other problems to the population. At the same time, the city is a setting of cultural, social and affective production. As a result, there is a need to reflect on the right to the city and its relationship with promoting the health of its inhabitants. To that effect, urban agendas have been developed to address the city's ambiguity. This paper aims to analyze four of these agendas through the lenses of Health Promotion. A qualitative document review approach was conducted on urban agendas proposed by international organizations and applied to the Brazilian context: Healthy Cities, Sustainable Cities, Smart Cities and Educating Cities. Results indicate some level of effort by the analyzed agendas to assume social participation, intersectoriality and the territory as central to addressing exclusion and inequities. However, more in-depth discussions are required on each of these concepts. We conclude that urban agendas can contribute greatly toward consolidating the right to the city, provided that their underpinning concepts are critically comprehended.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719795.v1
title: The right to the city and International Urban Agendas: a document analysis

description: Abstract Considering social, economic and demographic issues, living in the city implies inadequate living conditions, social exclusion, inequities and other problems to the population. At the same time, the city is a setting of cultural, social and affective production. As a result, there is a need to reflect on the right to the city and its relationship with promoting the health of its inhabitants. To that effect, urban agendas have been developed to address the city's ambiguity. This paper aims to analyze four of these agendas through the lenses of Health Promotion. A qualitative document review approach was conducted on urban agendas proposed by international organizations and applied to the Brazilian context: Healthy Cities, Sustainable Cities, Smart Cities and Educating Cities. Results indicate some level of effort by the analyzed agendas to assume social participation, intersectoriality and the territory as central to addressing exclusion and inequities. However, more in-depth discussions are required on each of these concepts. We conclude that urban agendas can contribute greatly toward consolidating the right to the city, provided that their underpinning concepts are critically comprehended.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719792
title: Cardiac, Metabolic and Molecular Profiles of Sedentary Rats in the Initial Moment of Obesity

description: Abstract Background: Different types of high-fat and/or high-energy diets have been used to induce obesity in rodents. However, few studies have reported on the effects observed at the initial stage of obesity induced by high-fat feeding on cardiac functional and structural remodelling. Objective: To characterize the initial moment of obesity and investigate both metabolic and cardiac parameters. In addition, the role of Ca2+ handling in short-term exposure to obesity was verified. Methods: Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups (n = 19 each): control (C; standard diet) and high-fat diet (HF, unsaturated high-fat diet). The initial moment of obesity was defined by weekly measurement of body weight (BW) complemented by adiposity index (AI). Cardiac remodelling was assessed by morphological, histological, echocardiographic and papillary muscle analysis. Ca2+ handling proteins were determined by Western Blot. Results: The initial moment of obesity occurred at the 3rd week. Compared with C rats, the HF rats had higher final BW (4%), body fat (20%), AI (14.5%), insulin levels (39.7%), leptin (62.4%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (15.5%) but did not exhibit alterations in systolic blood pressure. Echocardiographic evaluation did not show alterations in cardiac parameters. In the HF group, muscles were observed to increase their +dT/dt (C: 52.6 ± 9.0 g/mm2/s and HF: 68.0 ± 17.0 g/mm2/s; p &lt; 0.05). In addition, there was no changes in the cardiac expression of Ca2+ handling proteins. Conclusion: The initial moment of obesity promotes alterations to hormonal and lipid profiles without cardiac damage or changes in Ca2+ handling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719792.v1
title: Cardiac, Metabolic and Molecular Profiles of Sedentary Rats in the Initial Moment of Obesity

description: Abstract Background: Different types of high-fat and/or high-energy diets have been used to induce obesity in rodents. However, few studies have reported on the effects observed at the initial stage of obesity induced by high-fat feeding on cardiac functional and structural remodelling. Objective: To characterize the initial moment of obesity and investigate both metabolic and cardiac parameters. In addition, the role of Ca2+ handling in short-term exposure to obesity was verified. Methods: Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups (n = 19 each): control (C; standard diet) and high-fat diet (HF, unsaturated high-fat diet). The initial moment of obesity was defined by weekly measurement of body weight (BW) complemented by adiposity index (AI). Cardiac remodelling was assessed by morphological, histological, echocardiographic and papillary muscle analysis. Ca2+ handling proteins were determined by Western Blot. Results: The initial moment of obesity occurred at the 3rd week. Compared with C rats, the HF rats had higher final BW (4%), body fat (20%), AI (14.5%), insulin levels (39.7%), leptin (62.4%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (15.5%) but did not exhibit alterations in systolic blood pressure. Echocardiographic evaluation did not show alterations in cardiac parameters. In the HF group, muscles were observed to increase their +dT/dt (C: 52.6 ± 9.0 g/mm2/s and HF: 68.0 ± 17.0 g/mm2/s; p &lt; 0.05). In addition, there was no changes in the cardiac expression of Ca2+ handling proteins. Conclusion: The initial moment of obesity promotes alterations to hormonal and lipid profiles without cardiac damage or changes in Ca2+ handling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719789
title: Commercialization channels of organic products in Brazil: analysis at the first level of the production chain

description: Abstract Specialized literature on organic production highlights the presence and concentration of retail, especially supermarkets, in the organic enhancement chain. This presents enormous obstacles for the entrance of small farmers in the production of organic products due to administrative barriers, in addition to pressure for lower prices by the supermarket retail network. This paper investigates the commercialization channels of organic production in Brazil. The survey was undertaken in 2013; questionnaires were sent to 900 out of approximately 11.200 farmers producing organic products; 216 answers were received. Analysis showed that approximately 90% of farmers provided for the internal market and 60% of the products were fresh fruits and vegetables. The distribution of organic products in Brazil is highly fragmented at the local, regional and national levels. The presence of supermarkets and intermediaries in the commercialization of fruits and vegetables is relevant, regardless of the size of the farm. There is a great dispersion of channels in the case of small farmers, although supermarkets rank second. However, direct commercialization (farmers markets) is the main form of commercialization of the produce. Commercialization triggered by social programs has guaranteed a considerable part of the income on small production units or small farms. It seems that high involvement of retail networks and agents in the agribusiness segment causes low development rates in small agricultural units and in local development due to the latter’s low profit margins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719789.v1
title: Commercialization channels of organic products in Brazil: analysis at the first level of the production chain

description: Abstract Specialized literature on organic production highlights the presence and concentration of retail, especially supermarkets, in the organic enhancement chain. This presents enormous obstacles for the entrance of small farmers in the production of organic products due to administrative barriers, in addition to pressure for lower prices by the supermarket retail network. This paper investigates the commercialization channels of organic production in Brazil. The survey was undertaken in 2013; questionnaires were sent to 900 out of approximately 11.200 farmers producing organic products; 216 answers were received. Analysis showed that approximately 90% of farmers provided for the internal market and 60% of the products were fresh fruits and vegetables. The distribution of organic products in Brazil is highly fragmented at the local, regional and national levels. The presence of supermarkets and intermediaries in the commercialization of fruits and vegetables is relevant, regardless of the size of the farm. There is a great dispersion of channels in the case of small farmers, although supermarkets rank second. However, direct commercialization (farmers markets) is the main form of commercialization of the produce. Commercialization triggered by social programs has guaranteed a considerable part of the income on small production units or small farms. It seems that high involvement of retail networks and agents in the agribusiness segment causes low development rates in small agricultural units and in local development due to the latter’s low profit margins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719786
title: Legislative vulnerability of minority groups

description: Abstract Minorities are in an inferior position in society and therefore vulnerable in many aspects. This study analyzes legislative vulnerability and aims to categorize as “weak” or “strong” the protection conferred by law to the following minorities: elderly, disabled, LGBT, Indians, women, children/ adolescents and black people. In order to do so, it was developed a documental research in 30 federal laws in which legal provisions were searched to protect minorities. Next, the articles were organized in the following categories: civil, criminal, administrative, labor and procedural, to be analyzed afterwards. Legal protection was considered “strong” when there were legal provisions that observed the five categories and “weak” when it did not meet this criterion. It was noted that six groups have “strong” legislative protection, which elides the assertion that minorities are outside the law. The exception is the LGBT group, whose legislative protection is weak. In addition, consecrating rights through laws strengthens the institutional channels for minorities to demand their rights. Finally, it was observed that the legislative protection granted tominorities is not homogeneous but rather discriminatory, and there is an interference by the majority group in the rights regulation of vulnerable groups.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719777
title: Individual decentralized non-potable water system: the need for quality and quantity management

description: Abstract The deployment of non-potable water systems in residential buildings is growing in view of the need to reduce the current demand for drinking water. This has been occurring even without adequate theoretical basis through technical standards, regulations or specific legislation on the design, implementation and operation of such systems. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is to assess the qualitative and quantitative performance of an individual decentralized system in the operation and maintenance stages. The method used was the case study. Hence, we characterised the system and collected information from users. The results show that the non-drinking water system, in addition to not having an impact on the reduction of water consumption, led to an outbreak of gastrointestinal infection among the population of the building. This fact occurred due to the lack of training of the professionals involved in all stages of the system, particularly in the operation and maintenance phase, which affected the health of users. It is concluded that professional training to run, operate and maintain non-potable systems is essential to ensure the systems' efficiency and to preserve the health of users.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719777.v1
title: Individual decentralized non-potable water system: the need for quality and quantity management

description: Abstract The deployment of non-potable water systems in residential buildings is growing in view of the need to reduce the current demand for drinking water. This has been occurring even without adequate theoretical basis through technical standards, regulations or specific legislation on the design, implementation and operation of such systems. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is to assess the qualitative and quantitative performance of an individual decentralized system in the operation and maintenance stages. The method used was the case study. Hence, we characterised the system and collected information from users. The results show that the non-drinking water system, in addition to not having an impact on the reduction of water consumption, led to an outbreak of gastrointestinal infection among the population of the building. This fact occurred due to the lack of training of the professionals involved in all stages of the system, particularly in the operation and maintenance phase, which affected the health of users. It is concluded that professional training to run, operate and maintain non-potable systems is essential to ensure the systems' efficiency and to preserve the health of users.