cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295428
title: Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood experiences uniquely predict concurrent PTSD, complex PTSD, and dissociative subtype of PTSD symptoms whereas recent adult non-traumatic stressors do not: results from an online survey study

description: This retrospective survey study compared the differential risk of lifetime traumatic stressors, so-called “non-traumatic stressors” experienced over the past year, referring to life events that do not meet the criteria for A1 traumatic events, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on severity of DSM-5 versus ICD-11 PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) symptoms among 418 participants recruited online. In pairwise analyses, all stress types were associated with all outcomes. However, multiple regression and factor analyses indicated that whereas the number of different lifetime traumatic events participants reported experiencing, together with the number of ACE participants experienced, uniquely predicted DSM-5 PTSD, D-PTSD and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, the number of non-traumatic stressors they experienced during the last year did not. Moreover, ACE uniquely predicted all outcomes even after accounting for lifetime traumatic stress. These results provide further support for the particularly high risk of lifetime traumatic stressors and ACE in predicting trauma and stressor-related symptoms. Future research directions are discussed. Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood experiences uniquely predicted concurrently measured severity of DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) symptoms among 418 participants recruited online. In comparison, so-called “non-traumatic stressors” experienced over the past year, referring to life events that do not meet the criteria for A1 traumatic events, failed to predict any of these outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295428.v3
title: Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood experiences uniquely predict concurrent PTSD, complex PTSD, and dissociative subtype of PTSD symptoms whereas recent adult non-traumatic stressors do not: results from an online survey study

description: This retrospective survey study compared the differential risk of lifetime traumatic stressors, so-called “non-traumatic stressors” experienced over the past year, referring to life events that do not meet the criteria for A1 traumatic events, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on severity of DSM-5 versus ICD-11 PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) symptoms among 418 participants recruited online. In pairwise analyses, all stress types were associated with all outcomes. However, multiple regression and factor analyses indicated that whereas the number of different lifetime traumatic events participants reported experiencing, together with the number of ACE participants experienced, uniquely predicted DSM-5 PTSD, D-PTSD and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, the number of non-traumatic stressors they experienced during the last year did not. Moreover, ACE uniquely predicted all outcomes even after accounting for lifetime traumatic stress. These results provide further support for the particularly high risk of lifetime traumatic stressors and ACE in predicting trauma and stressor-related symptoms. Future research directions are discussed. Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood experiences uniquely predicted concurrently measured severity of DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) symptoms among 418 participants recruited online. In comparison, so-called “non-traumatic stressors” experienced over the past year, referring to life events that do not meet the criteria for A1 traumatic events, failed to predict any of these outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295521.v3
title: A latent profile analysis of moral injury appraisals in refugees

description: <b>Background</b>: Refugees often exhibit reactions to traumatic events that may be conceptualized as moral injury (i.e. the impact of events that violate important moral values). There have been two types of moral injury appraisals found in refugees: transgressions by others and transgressions by oneself. <b>Objective</b>: To examine whether these types of moral injury appraisals co-occur or whether one form is usually predominant. Additionally, to investigate what types of events (trauma, living difficulties) and outcomes (PTSD, depression, anger, suicidality) were associated with each moral injury appraisal profile. <b>Method</b>: Participants included 221 refugees and asylum seekers residing in Australia. Data was collected online, and via pen and paper. A latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of moral injury appraisals. <b>Results</b>: Results indicated a three-profile solution: Moral Injury-Other (MI-O; 37.8%), Moral Injury Other + Self (MI-OS; 35.2%), and no moral injury (No-MI; 26.9%). MI-O and MI-OS were predicted by both trauma experience and living difficulties. MI-O and MI-OS were also associated with greater psychopathology across all outcome variables compared to No-MI. MI-OS was also associated with greater anger and depression, compared to the MI-O profile. <b>Conclusions</b>: The association between the moral injury appraisal profiles and traumatic events, living difficulties and psychopathology, will have important clinical implications. • Three moral injury appraisal profiles were found in a diverse refugee sample• One profile appraised moral violations as committed by others• One profile appraised moral violation as committed by others and themselves• Both profiles were predicted by both greater trauma and living difficulties• Both profiles were associated with greater psychopathology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11294852
title: Sleep disturbance and intrusive memories after presenting to the emergency department following a traumatic motor vehicle accident: an exploratory analysis

description: <b>Background</b>: Sleep disturbances are common after traumatic events and have been hypothesized to be a risk factor in the development of psychopathology such as that associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). <b>Objective</b>: To assess the association between intrusive memories, a core clinical feature of PTSD, and self-reported sleep disturbance shortly after experiencing or witnessing a motor vehicle accident, and whether a brief behavioural intervention (trauma reminder cue and Tetris gameplay) reduced sleep disturbance post-trauma. <b>Method</b>: The exploratory analyses included 71 participants (mean age 39.66, standard deviation 16.32; 37 women, 52.1%) enrolled in a previously published proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited from the emergency department after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic motor vehicle accident. Intrusive memories were assessed with a daily paper-and-pen diary for one week post-trauma, and sleep disturbances with three questions from the Impact of Event Scale-Revised assessing problems initiating sleep, problems maintaining sleep and dreams about the event at one week and one month post-trauma. Missing data were imputed 15 times. <b>Results</b>: The total number of intrusive memories during the first week post-trauma suggested weak to moderate pooled intercorrelations with problems initiating and maintaining sleep. An ordinal regression using imputed data suggested that the intervention had no effect on sleep disturbances, while completers only analyses suggested an improvement in problems maintaining sleep at one week. <b>Conclusions</b>: This exploratory study suggested that experiencing early intrusive memories is related to sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbance might be a particularly important construct to assess in studies involving intrusive memories post-trauma. • Sleep disturbances are common after trauma.• We assessed the association between intrusive memories and sleep, and whether a brief behavioural intervention targeting intrusive memories (trauma reminder cue and Tetris gameplay) affected sleep post-trauma.• More intrusive memories post-trauma are potentially related to a greater severity of sleep disturbances.• The intervention had mixed effects on the experience of sleep disturbances.• Sleep disturbance might be a particularly important construct to assess in studies involving intrusive memories post-trauma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11294936
title: Trajectories of stress biomarkers and anxious-depressive symptoms from pregnancy to postpartum period in women with a trauma history

description: <b>Background</b>: Cross-sectional studies have found that a trauma history can be associated with anxious-depressive symptomatology and physiological stress dysregulation in pregnant women. <b>Methods</b>: This prospective study examines the trajectories of both anxiety and depressive symptoms and salivary cortisol and α-amylase biomarkers from women with (<i>n</i> = 42) and without (<i>n</i> = 59) a trauma history at (i) 38th week of gestation (T1), (ii) 48 hours after birth (T2), and (iii) three months after birth (T3). <b>Results</b>: The quantile regression model showed that trauma history was associated with higher cortisol levels at T1 and this difference was sustained along T2 and T3. Conversely, there were no significant differences in α-amylase levels between groups across the three time points and both groups showed an increase in α-amylase levels from T2 to T3. The ordinal mixed model showed that trauma history was associated with higher anxiety symptoms at T1 and this remained constant from T1 to T2 but was reversed from T2 to T3. In contrast, both groups showed similar depressive symptoms across the three time points. <b>Conclusions</b>: Whereas physiological stress dysregulation (in terms of higher cortisol levels) was maintained from pregnancy to postpartum period, pregnancy and childbirth were the most vulnerable stages for developing anxious symptoms in mothers with trauma history. • Follow-up study on pregnant women with a trauma history. •Data analysed by quantile and ordinal regression models.•Trauma history and high cortisol levels from pregnancy to postpartum. • High α-amylase levels during postpartum period, regardless of a trauma history. • Trauma history and high anxious symptoms from late pregnancy to childbirth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295428.v2
title: Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood experiences uniquely predict concurrent PTSD, complex PTSD, and dissociative subtype of PTSD symptoms whereas recent adult non-traumatic stressors do not: results from an online survey study

description: This retrospective survey study compared the differential risk of lifetime traumatic stressors, so-called “non-traumatic stressors” experienced over the past year, referring to life events that do not meet the criteria for A1 traumatic events, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on severity of DSM-5 versus ICD-11 PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) symptoms among 418 participants recruited online. In pairwise analyses, all stress types were associated with all outcomes. However, multiple regression and factor analyses indicated that whereas the number of different lifetime traumatic events participants reported experiencing, together with the number of ACE participants experienced, uniquely predicted DSM-5 PTSD, D-PTSD and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, the number of non-traumatic stressors they experienced during the last year did not. Moreover, ACE uniquely predicted all outcomes even after accounting for lifetime traumatic stress. These results provide further support for the particularly high risk of lifetime traumatic stressors and ACE in predicting trauma and stressor-related symptoms. Future research directions are discussed. Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood experiences uniquely predicted concurrently measured severity of DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD, Complex PTSD (CPTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) symptoms among 418 participants recruited online. In comparison, so-called “non-traumatic stressors” experienced over the past year, referring to life events that do not meet the criteria for A1 traumatic events, failed to predict any of these outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295476.v3
title: Women with early maltreatment experience show increased resting-state functional connectivity in the theory of mind (ToM) network

description: <b>Background</b>: Experience of childhood maltreatment significantly increases the risk for the development of psychopathology and is associated with impairments in socio-cognitive skills including theory-of-mind (ToM). In turn, neural alterations in ToM processing might then influence future interpersonal interaction and social-emotional understanding. <b>Objective</b>: To assess resting-state activity in the theory-of-mind network in traumatized and non-traumatized persons. <b>Methods</b>: Thirty-five women with a history of childhood maltreatment and 31 unaffected women completed a resting-state scan and a ToM localizer task. The peak coordinates from the localizer were used as the seed regions for the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses (temporo-parietal junction, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and precuneus). <b>Results</b>: Child abuse was associated with increased RSFC between various ToM regions including the precuneus and the brainstem suggesting altered hierarchical processing in ToM regions. Number of types of abuse was driving the effect for the temporo-parietal junction and the brainstem, while the severity of abuse was linked to increased RSFC between the middle temporal gyrus and the frontal cortex. Post-hoc analyses of brainstem regions indicated the involvement of the serotonergic system (dorsal raphe). <b>Conclusions</b>: The data indicate a lasting impact of childhood maltreatment on the neural networks involved in social information processing that are integral to understanding others’ emotional states. Indeed, such altered neural networks may account for some of the interpersonal difficulties victims of childhood maltreatment experience. • Early psychological trauma influences socio-cognitive skills.• Evidence regarding altered resting-state activity in theory of mind network lacking.• Resting-state functional connectivity was increased between Theory of Mind regions and brainstem in people with early maltreatment experience.• Particularly number of types of abuse appeared to be driving the effect for left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ).• The findings support altered resting-state activity between higher cognitive and more basic brain processes after early maltreatment experience.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295476
title: Women with early maltreatment experience show increased resting-state functional connectivity in the theory of mind (ToM) network

description: <b>Background</b>: Experience of childhood maltreatment significantly increases the risk for the development of psychopathology and is associated with impairments in socio-cognitive skills including theory-of-mind (ToM). In turn, neural alterations in ToM processing might then influence future interpersonal interaction and social-emotional understanding. <b>Objective</b>: To assess resting-state activity in the theory-of-mind network in traumatized and non-traumatized persons. <b>Methods</b>: Thirty-five women with a history of childhood maltreatment and 31 unaffected women completed a resting-state scan and a ToM localizer task. The peak coordinates from the localizer were used as the seed regions for the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses (temporo-parietal junction, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and precuneus). <b>Results</b>: Child abuse was associated with increased RSFC between various ToM regions including the precuneus and the brainstem suggesting altered hierarchical processing in ToM regions. Number of types of abuse was driving the effect for the temporo-parietal junction and the brainstem, while the severity of abuse was linked to increased RSFC between the middle temporal gyrus and the frontal cortex. Post-hoc analyses of brainstem regions indicated the involvement of the serotonergic system (dorsal raphe). <b>Conclusions</b>: The data indicate a lasting impact of childhood maltreatment on the neural networks involved in social information processing that are integral to understanding others’ emotional states. Indeed, such altered neural networks may account for some of the interpersonal difficulties victims of childhood maltreatment experience. • Early psychological trauma influences socio-cognitive skills.• Evidence regarding altered resting-state activity in theory of mind network lacking.• Resting-state functional connectivity was increased between Theory of Mind regions and brainstem in people with early maltreatment experience.• Particularly number of types of abuse appeared to be driving the effect for left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ).• The findings support altered resting-state activity between higher cognitive and more basic brain processes after early maltreatment experience.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11295521.v2
title: A latent profile analysis of moral injury appraisals in refugees

description: <b>Background</b>: Refugees often exhibit reactions to traumatic events that may be conceptualized as moral injury (i.e. the impact of events that violate important moral values). There have been two types of moral injury appraisals found in refugees: transgressions by others and transgressions by oneself. <b>Objective</b>: To examine whether these types of moral injury appraisals co-occur or whether one form is usually predominant. Additionally, to investigate what types of events (trauma, living difficulties) and outcomes (PTSD, depression, anger, suicidality) were associated with each moral injury appraisal profile. <b>Method</b>: Participants included 221 refugees and asylum seekers residing in Australia. Data was collected online, and via pen and paper. A latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of moral injury appraisals. <b>Results</b>: Results indicated a three-profile solution: Moral Injury-Other (MI-O; 37.8%), Moral Injury Other + Self (MI-OS; 35.2%), and no moral injury (No-MI; 26.9%). MI-O and MI-OS were predicted by both trauma experience and living difficulties. MI-O and MI-OS were also associated with greater psychopathology across all outcome variables compared to No-MI. MI-OS was also associated with greater anger and depression, compared to the MI-O profile. <b>Conclusions</b>: The association between the moral injury appraisal profiles and traumatic events, living difficulties and psychopathology, will have important clinical implications. • Three moral injury appraisal profiles were found in a diverse refugee sample• One profile appraised moral violations as committed by others• One profile appraised moral violation as committed by others and themselves• Both profiles were predicted by both greater trauma and living difficulties• Both profiles were associated with greater psychopathology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11298128
title: Appraisal-based cognitive bias modification in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomised clinical trial

description: <b>Background</b>: Negative appraisals of the trauma and its sequelae play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Experimental studies have shown promise in reducing negative appraisal through Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) training. <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether an online CBM training designed to modify dysfunctional appraisals is successful in reducing appraisal bias in PTSD patients. <b>Method</b>: In this double-blinded 2-arm randomised clinical trial, 107 patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to active (<i>n</i> = 49) or control online CBM training (<i>n</i> = 57). Training comprised the completion of four sessions of online CBM training within one week. Change in bias, as measured by a scenario task and questionnaire (i.e. PostTraumatic Cognition Inventory), was the primary outcome. Secondary outcome included change in PTSD symptoms. Assessments took place prior to training, during training sessions, post-training and at 1- and 6-month follow-up. <b>Results</b>: Intent-to-treat analysis indicated that there was no interaction effect of condition by time. Regardless of training condition, participants showed a small to moderate decline in appraisal bias and PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-training. In both conditions, bias change during training sessions was related to decline in PTSD symptomatology following training. No moderators of outcome were found. <b>Conclusions</b>: There was no evidence that active training was more effective than control training in reducing dysfunctional appraisals. In both conditions, participants showed a decline in dysfunctional appraisals and PTSD symptoms following training. Importantly, bias reduction during training was related to PTSD symptom decline following training. Explanations and future research directions are discussed. CBM training aimed at reducing negative appraisals yielded promising findings in clinical analogue samples• In this RCT, active CBM training did not lead to a greater decline in dysfunctional appraisals than control training.• This study highlights the impact of appraisal on PTSD symptoms: irrespective of training condition, bias reduction during training was related to lower PTSD symptoms following training. • Follow-up studies are needed to further explore the possible clinical efficacy of CBM interventions in PTSD.