DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc9k
title: Model output tracking smoke from agricultural fires in south Florida from October 2022 - May 2023

description: Smoke from agricultural fires is a potentially important source of fine
 particulate matter (PM2.5) in the US. Sugarcane is burned in Florida to
 facilitate the harvesting process, with the majority of these fires
 occurring in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), where there is only
 one regulatory air quality monitor. During the 2022–2023 sugarcane burning
 season (October–May), we used public low-cost PurpleAir sensors,
 regulatory monitors, and 29 PurpleAir sensors deployed for this study to
 quantify PM2.5 from agricultural fires. We found satellite imagery is of
 limited use for detecting smoke from agricultural fires in Florida due to
 the cloud cover, overnight smoke, and the fires being small and
 short-lived. For these reasons, surface measurements are critical for
 capturing increases in PM2.5 from smoke, and we used multiple
 smoke-identification criteria. During the study period, median 24-hour
 PM2.5 concentrations increased by 2.3–6.9 µg m-3 on smoke-impacted days
 compared to unimpacted days, with smoke observed on 4–28% of the campaign
 days (ranges from the different smoke-identification criteria). Further,
 short-term PM2.5 increases were observed over 40 µg m-3 during smoke
 events. We contrast the region near the EAA with large populations of
 low-income and minoritized groups to the more affluent coastal region. The
 inland region experienced more smoke-impacted monitor days than the
 Florida east coast region, and there was a higher study-average smoke
 PM2.5 concentration in the inland area. These findings highlight the need
 to increase air quality monitoring near the EAA.
description: To track the near-source transport of smoke from fires in
 Florida, we used the NOAA HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated
 Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. This model is commonly used to compute the
 trajectory of air parcels. We calculated 12-hour forward trajectories
 initiated from all HMS fire hotspots in southern Florida
 (-81.5<sup>o</sup> x  -80<sup>o</sup>;
 26<sup>o</sup> x 27.5<sup>o</sup>) during the
 campaign (October 2022 - September 2023). The HMS fire hotspot product
 combines detections from the Geostationary Operational Environmental
 Satellite - R Series (GOES-R)/ Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) Fire
 Detection product and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)/ Visible
 Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) products. We used meteorological
 data from the NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model (Dowell et
 al., 2022), which provides conditions every 4 hours. The HYSPLIT model
 produces trajectory locations for every hour; however, we interpolated
 between the reported locations to provide 10-minute observations. This
 finer temporal resolution allows for tracing of short-lived plumes and
 more accurate determination of smoke transport, which may vary
 significantly on a sub-hourly basis due to shifting wind patterns and
 rapid changes in plume behavior. If a calculated trajectory intercepts the
 surface (z = 0), all subsequent locations for this trajectory were
 removed. We acknowledge regional differences in weather patterns (e.g.,
 clouds) may make it more challenging to detect hotspots in certain areas,
 possibly leading to a bias in the HYSPLIT results as winds may, on
 average, be different under clear sky versus cloudy conditions.
description: # Model output tracking smoke from agricultural fires in south Florida
 from October 2022 - May 2023 Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc9k](10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc9k) ## Description of the
 data and file structure This dataset includes monthly gridded output from
 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hybrid
 Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (NOAA HYSPLIT) model. The
 model was initiated from every NOAA Hazard Mapping System fire hotspot
 that was detected by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
 - R Series (GOES-R)/ Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) Fire Detection product
 and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)/ Visible Infrared Imaging
 Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) products. We used meteorological data from the
 NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model (Dowell et al., 2022),
 which provides conditions every 4 hours. The HYSPLIT model produces
 trajectory locations for every hour; however, we interpolated between the
 reported locations to provide 10-minute observations. We provided monthly
 gridded output in this repository. ### Files and variables #### File:
 apr_interpolated.csv **Description:** This file is the HYSPLIT output for
 April 2023. ##### Variables * The column headers (-83.1 to -79.0)
 represent the longitude for the gridded output, and the row below
 "lat_lon" represent the latitude values (25 to 29.2). The
 gridded output for the total number of interpolated HYSPLIT trajectory
 points that have landed in the grid cell corresponds with the longitude
 named in the column header and the latitude named in the first column. *
 Dataset layout is the same across all subsequent files.  #### File:
 dec_interpolated.csv **Description:** This file is the HYSPLIT output for
 December 2022. #### File: feb_interpolated.csv **Description:** This file
 is the HYSPLIT output for February 2023. #### File: oct_interpolated.csv
 **Description:** This file is the HYSPLIT output for October 2022. ####
 File: may_interpolated.csv **Description:** This file is the HYSPLIT
 output for May 2023. #### File: jan_interpolated.csv **Description:** This
 file is the HYSPLIT output for January 2023. #### File:
 nov_interpolated.csv **Description:** This file is the HYSPLIT output for
 November 2022. #### **File: mar_interpolated.csv** **Description:** This
 file is the HYSPLIT output for May 2023. #### Access information Data was
 derived from the following sources: * NOAA HYSPLIT
 model: [https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php](https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php) * HRRR is a NOAA real-time 3-km resolution, hourly updated, cloud-resolving, convection-allowing atmospheric model, initialized by 3km grids with 3km radar assimilation: [https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/hrrr/](https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/hrrr/) * The NOAA Hazard Mapping System Smoke Product: [https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/products/land/hms.html](https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/products/land/hms.html)