DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xksn02vp3
title: Camera trap data of mammals from Baluran National Park

description: Dholes (Cuon alpinus) are endangered large carnivores found in scattered
 populations in Asia. One of the main threats to dholes is the decreasing
 prey availability throughout their distribution range. In the present
 study we used camera trap data collected over six years to investigate the
 temporal activity patterns of dholes and their putative prey species in
 Baluran National Park in Java, Indonesia. We also explored the overlap in
 activity between dholes and the park’s other remaining large carnivore the
 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas), as well as humans. Furthermore, we
 investigated potential differences in activity patterns between dholes in
 packs and dholes roaming in pairs or alone. We found a high temporal
 overlap between dholes and their wild ungulate prey species (ranging from
 D=0.66–0.90), with the lowest overlap observed between dholes and bantengs
 (Bos javanicus) (D=0.66), and the highest between dholes and muntjacs
 (Muntiacus muntjak) (D=0.90). A very low overlap was found between dholes
 and domestic cattle (Bos indicus) (D=0.27) whereas a moderately high
 overlap was found between dholes and leopards (D=0.70) and dholes and
 humans (D=0.62). We found a significant difference in activity patterns
 between dholes in packs and dholes roaming alone or in pairs (D=0.78,
 p=0.01). Single/pairs of dholes were more active both during the day and
 at night, whereas packs were predominantly active around sunrise and
 sunset. The high overlap with humans potentially has a negative effect on
 dhole activity, particularly for dispersing individuals, and the low
 overlap with domestic species questions the extent to which dholes are
 considered to predate on them.
description: Camera trapping was conducted from March-December in consecutive
 years 2015-2020. Camera traps were deployed in a grid system of 1x1 km
 covering a total area of 130 km² with some grids used in multiple years.
 The camera traps used were Bestguarder (Bestguarder, China) and Covert
 (Covert Scouting Cameras, LLC, Russellville, KY). Cameras were installed
 approx. 30-45 cm from the ground with the camera position to an animal
 trail at a distance of 2.5 m following. Pictures were sorted and annotated
 following Sanderson and Harris (2013) and analysed in the software R v.
 4.0.3 (R Development Core Team, 2020) using the packages ‘Activity’
 v.1.3.3 (Rowcliffe, 2022) and ‘overlap’ v.0.3.4, (Meredith and Ridout,
 2021).
description: # Camera trap data from Baluran National Park
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xksn02vp3](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xksn02vp3) Camera trap data from Baluran National Park collected between 2015-2020 used for analysis of activity patterns. ## Description of the data and file structure CT_BNP.csv – camera trap data collected from Baluran National Park between 2015-2020 contains circular time, species name, site name, date (dd/mm/YYYY), number of individuals and timestamp (tt.mm.ss). Dhole_IPC_singleVSpack.csv – camera trap data only containing dholes split into single/pair (1-2 individuals) or pack (3 or more individuals), counted as number of individuals passing by within 5 min Script_ActivityPatterns_dholeVSprey.R – script to analyse activity patterns between dholes, there assumed prey species, leopards and human predatorpreyoverlaps.R – the ppoverlaps function used in the Script_ActivityPatterns_dholeVSprey.R HermansRassonT.R – Hermans Rasson test used in the Script_ActivityPatterns_dholeVSprey.R Script_dhole_singleVSpack.R – script to analyse activity patterns between dholes roaming alone or in pairs versus dholes in packs