cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd58f
title: Dietary specialization mirrors Rapoport’s rule in European geometrid moths

description: Aim: Latitudinal clines in dietary specialisation and range size are used
 to explain biodiversity distributions at large spatial scale, such as the
 latitudinal diversity gradient. The aim of this study was to test whether
 diet breadth (as a dimension of niche breadth) and range size decrease
 towards lower latitudes in a species-rich clade of herbivorous insects as
 predicted by the latitude – niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport’s rule,
 respectively. We further aimed at studying if these species
 characteristics are positively linked with each other as stated by the
 niche breadth – range size hypothesis. Location: Europe (35°N – 71°N) Time
 period: Present-day Major Taxa: Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
 Methods: For every species, we compiled information on latitudinal
 distribution and host-plant use based on available literature and online
 sources. We estimated each species’ level of fundamental dietary
 specialisation while accounting for phylogenetic relationships among
 utilised host plants. We further reconstructed a phylogeny including all
 studied moth taxa in order to control for phylogenetic dependence in
 species characteristics. Phylogenetic least squares (PGLS) analyses were
 used to test each of our hypotheses. Results: We analysed 631 species of
 geometrids (85.2% of taxa within the biogeographical region), and found
 strong support for the latitude – niche breadth hypothesis as well as for
 Rapoport’s rule. Fundamental diet breadth was further found to be
 positively related to latitudinal range size, which supports the niche
 breadth – range size hypothesis. These results were retained when the
 subfamilies Ennominae and Larentiinae were analysed separately. Main
 conclusions: Our findings indicate that latitudinal clines in range size
 and fundamental diet breadth covary in European geometrid moths and are
 likely drivers of increased species richness towards lower latitudes. This
 supports the idea that both characteristics should be studied
 simultaneously in order to unveil mechanisms structuring biodiversity
 patterns at macroecological scale.
description: 1. We created a dataset inlcuding information on moth body size,
 larval host plants and distribution based on available literature and
 online sources. 2. Published barcode sequences and
 nuclear sequences were otbained from BOLD and GenBank in order to create a
 phylogney of geometrid moths. 3. Phylogenetic
 comparative methods (PGLS analyses) and correlation tests were applied in
 order to analyse the data.
description: The subfamily Sterrhinae is excluded.
 Geometrid species without available sequence data and/or reliable
 host plant information are not included.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sr21
title: Trust in researchers and researchers’ statements in large carnivore conservation

description: Human-wildlife interactions occur when humans and wildlife overlap in the
 same landscapes. Due to the growing human population, the number of
 interactions will continue to increase, and in some cases, develop further
 into social conflicts. Conflicts may occur between people disagreeing
 about wildlife conservation or arguing over which wildlife management
 measures should be taken. Social conflicts between humans are based on
 different attitudes, values and land-use aspirations. The success of
 solving these social conflicts strongly depends on building trust between
 the public, stakeholders, authorities, and researchers, as trust is
 fundamental to all communication and dialogue. Here we have examined how
 trust in large carnivore research differs within a geographically
 stratified sample of the Norwegian population. The comprehensive survey,
 including 2110 respondents, allows us to explore how people perceive
 factual statements about large carnivores depending on the source of these
 statements. Specifically, the respondents were given multiple statements
 and asked to judge them in terms of meaning and authenticity depending on
 whether the statements were made by a politician, the Norwegian farmers’
 association, the Norwegian Fish and Game association or a large carnivore
 researcher. Based on the variations in perceptions, we inferred that trust
 in large carnivore researchers and their research results varied with
 people’s attitudes, values and direct experience of large carnivores. In
 general, respondents perceived 60% of the statements to be genuine when
 given no information of who had made them. Although this increased to 75 %
 when informed that the statements were made by a large carnivore
 researcher, there was still a 25 % probability that the statement was
 perceived as manipulative or political. Age, environmental values, and
 negative experiences of carnivores increased the probability of perceiving
 research statements as manipulative or political. People living in areas
 with high proportions of hunters showed particularly polarized views,
 either more strongly perceiving the statements as political, or in
 contrast as research. This study provides a novel perspective in
 understanding the role trust plays in social conflicts related to
 human-wildlife interactions.
description: A data survey company, NORSTAT, collected the data by telephone.
 NORSTAT has a panel of respondents that approve to be called for surveys,
 but still may refuse to answer if they do not want to. The data do not
 give personal information, but are anonymous. 
description: It is a geographical collected data set, containing 5 respondents
 from each municipality in Norway from 2018.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m905qfv28
title: The gut microbiome variability of a butterflyfish increases on severely degraded Caribbean reefs

description: Environmental degradation has the potential to alter key mutualisms that
 underlie the structure and function of ecological communities. How
 microbial communities associated with fishes vary across populations and
 in relation to habitat characteristics remains largely unknown despite
 their fundamental roles in host nutrition and immunity. We find
 significant differences in the gut microbiome composition of a facultative
 coral-feeding butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) across Caribbean reefs
 that differ markedly in live coral cover (∼0–30%). Fish gut microbiomes
 were significantly more variable at degraded reefs, a pattern driven by
 changes in the relative abundance of the most common taxa potentially
 associated with stress. We also demonstrate that fish gut microbiomes on
 severely degraded reefs have a lower abundance
 of Endozoicomonas and a higher diversity of anaerobic
 fermentative bacteria, which may suggest a less coral dominated diet. The
 observed shifts in fish gut bacterial communities across the habitat
 gradient extend to a small set of potentially beneficial host associated
 bacteria (i.e., the core microbiome) suggesting essential fish-microbiome
 interactions may be vulnerable to severe coral degradation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkh6v
title: Data from: Participatory mapping reveals biocultural and nature values in the shared landscape of a Nordic UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

description: 1. Making the right decisions for sustainable development requires sound
 knowledge of the values and spatial distribution of the services
 co-produced by ecosystems and people. UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere
 programme and associated Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are key learning sites
 or model regions for sustainable development providing key entry points
 for transdisciplinary work on sustainable development. However, there is
 limited research exploring spatial distribution of socio-cultural
 Ecosystem Service (ES) values in BRs and how those values vary according
 to the BR zonation. 2. We used a transdisciplinary approach to design and
 implement a public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS)
 survey in a recently designated BR to (i) asses the spatial distribution
 of ES values in the different zones, (ii) identify hotspots of ES values,
 (iii) identify spatial bundles of ES values, and (iv) assess the
 social-ecological characteristics that determine the distribution of those
 values. 3. We found that stakeholders identify high biocultural ES values,
 mapping predominantly places for outdoor recreation, biodiversity,
 agricultural products, and cultural heritage. Buffer zones had high
 agricultural and cultural heritage values while extractive values were
 largely absent from cores zones. We identified five spatial ES-value
 bundles highlighting distinct places important for ES values related to:
 ‘multifunctional landscapes’ located close to settlements, ‘cultural
 landscapes’ associated with agricultural land, ‘wild animal resources’
 along the coastlines, ‘outdoor recreation and biodiversity’ and ‘passive
 cultural values’ widely distributed in high and moderately populated
 areas. 4. Accessibility to nature was highly important for ES values and
 people highly value nature close to where they live. We show the
 importance of biocultural values in the region, and agricultural
 landscapes were highly valued for multiple ES values beyond agricultural
 products alone. 5. We show that BRs have become places that link cultural
 heritage, agricultural, and biodiversity values in multifunctional
 landscapes. We put our findings into the local context and suggest how
 they can inform land-use planning and management through policies aimed at
 maintaining key agricultural landscapes that provide social-ecological
 resilience. Additionally, we discuss the value of our study for the wider
 BR network and how similar work can contribute to monitoring of BR
 implementation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pc866t1pw
title: Spatial personalities: a meta-analysis of consistent individual differences in spatial behavior

description: Individual variation in behavior, particularly consistent among-individual
 differences (i.e., personality), has important ecological and evolutionary
 implications for population and community dynamics, trait divergence, and
 patterns of speciation. Nevertheless, individual variation in spatial
 behaviors, such as home range behavior, movement characteristics, or
 habitat use has yet to be incorporated into the concepts or methodologies
 of ecology and evolutionary biology. To evaluate evidence for the
 existence of consistent among-individual differences in spatial behavior –
 which we refer to as “spatial personality” – we performed a meta-analysis
 of 200 repeatability estimates of home range size, movement metrics, and
 habitat use. We found that the existence of spatial personality is a
 general phenomenon, with consistently high repeatability (r) across
 classes of spatial behavior (r = 0.67 - 0.82), taxa (r = 0.31 - 0.79), and
 time between repeated measurements (r = 0.54 - 0.74). These results
 suggest: (1) repeatable spatial behavior may either be a cause or
 consequence of the environment experienced and lead to spatial
 personalities that may limit the ability of individuals to behaviorally
 adapt to changing landscapes; (2) interactions between spatial phenotypes
 and environmental conditions could result in differential reproduction,
 survival, and dispersal, suggesting that among-individual variation may
 facilitate population-level adaptation; (3) spatial patterns of species’
 distributions and spatial population dynamics may be better understood by
 shifting from a mean field analytical approach towards methods that
 account for spatial personalities and their associated fitness and
 ecological dynamics.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmgp
title: The invasion paradox dissolves when using phylogenetic and temporal perspectives

description: 1. Elton’s prediction that higher biodiversity leads to denser
 niche-packing and thus higher community resistance to invasion has long
 been studied, with species richness as the predominant measure of
 diversity. However, few studies have explored how phylogenetic and
 functional diversity, which should represent niche space more faithfully
 than taxonomic diversity, influence community invasibility, especially
 across longer time frames and over larger spatial extents. 2. We used a
 15-year, 150-site grassland dataset to assess relationships between
 invasive plant abundance and phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic
 diversity of recipient native plant communities. We analyzed the dataset
 both pooled across all surveys and longitudinally, leveraging time-series
 data to compare observed patterns in invasion with those predicted by two
 community assembly processes: biotic resistance and competitive exclusion.
 We expected more phylogenetically and functionally diverse communities to
 exhibit greater resistance to invasion. 3. With the pooled dataset, we
 found support for the longstanding observation that communities with more
 native species have lower abundance of invasive species, and a more novel
 finding that more phylogenetically diverse communities had higher
 abundance of invasive species. We found no influence of aggregate
 (multivariate) functional diversity on invasion, but assemblages with
 taller plants, lower variability in plant height, and lower seed mass were
 less invaded. Viewed longitudinally, the phylogenetic diversity
 relationship was reversed: the most phylogenetically diverse communities
 were most resistant to invasion. This apparent discrepancy suggests
 invasion dynamics are influenced by both site attributes and biotic
 resistance and emphasizes the value in studying invasion across time. 4.
 Synthesis: Our results provide insight into the nuances of the
 diversity-invasibility relationship: invasion dynamics differed for
 different dimensions of diversity and depending on whether the
 relationship was evaluated longitudinally. Our findings highlight the
 limitations of using single time-point “snapshots” of community
 composition to infer invasion mechanisms.
DOI: 10.25349/d9z89d
title: Parasites in kelp-forest food webs increase food-chain length, complexity, and specialization, but reduce connectance

description: We explored whether parasites are important in kelp forests by examining
 their effects on a high-quality, high-resolution kelp-forest food web.
 After controlling for generic effects of network size, parasites affected
 kelp-forest food web structure in some ways consistent with other systems.
 Parasites increased the trophic span of web, increasing top predator
 vulnerability and the longest chain length. Unique links associated with
 parasites, such as concomitant predation (consumption of parasites along
 with their hosts by predators) increased the frequency of network motifs
 involving mutual consumption and decreased niche contiguity of free-living
 species. However, parasites also affected kelp-forest food web structure
 in ways not seen in other systems. Kelp-forest parasites are richer and
 more specialized than other systems. As a result, parasites reduced diet
 generality and decreased connectance in the kelp forest. Although mutual
 consumption motifs increased in frequency, this motif type was still a
 small fraction of all possible motifs, so their increase in frequency was
 not enough to compensate for the decrease in connectance caused by adding
 many specialist parasite species.
description: Please refer to the associated manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tht76hf0v
title: Changes in arthropod communities mediate the effects of landscape composition and farm management on pest control ecosystem services in organically managed strawberry crops

description: Landscape composition and local diversification practices such as
 polyculture, cover cropping, and hedgerows may promote natural pest
 control by benefiting natural enemy communities on farms. Our study
 employs piecewise structural equation modeling (PSEM) to test causal
 hypotheses regarding the effects of landscape composition and local
 diversification practices on arthropod communities and pest control
 ecosystem services. We sampled 27 organic strawberry fields in
 California’s Central Coast region in 2015 and 2016 (17 repeated between
 years) for a total of 37 distinct sites across years. The sites were
 selected along orthogonal gradients of landscape composition and local
 diversification practices. We also investigated the effects of two common
 pest management practices. At each site, we sampled arthropod communities
 using a hand-held vacuum and performed sentinel prey experiments using the
 pest species Lygus hesperus to estimate pest control levels. At the
 landscape scale, proportion woods increased natural enemy abundance; at
 the local scale, diversification practices increased natural enemy
 diversity. Insecticides and tractor vacuuming, aimed at controlling pests,
 were indirectly detrimental to pest control services. Both practices
 decreased natural enemy abundance, and while insecticides also decreased
 pest abundance, vacuuming did not. Natural enemy abundance and diversity
 increased pest control levels, while pest abundance had the opposite
 effect. The PSEM results confirmed our hypotheses that landscape and local
 effects on pest control are mediated through changes in arthropod
 communities. Synthesis and applications: At the landscape scale, higher
 proportions of woody habitat are associated with greater natural enemy
 abundance, which increases pest control levels.  When promoting
 pest control ecosystem services is a policy goal, regional planners should
 prioritize the conservation and restoration of woodlands in agricultural
 landscapes. At the local scale, decisions of individual growers can impact
 pest control services. For many growers, adopting practices that promote
 on-farm plant diversity may be a feasible solution for increasing pest
 control levels while avoiding the environmental and economic costs imposed
 by insecticide application and tractor vacuuming.   
description: Please refer to the Methods section of the paper.
description: Please refer to readme file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.08kprr53m
title: Oxylobus (Asteraceae) analysis DNA sequence data

description: A molecular phylogenetic investigation was carried out to clarify aspects
 of the systematics of Oxylobus, a primarily Mexican alpine genus of
 Eupatorieae.  Analysis of sequence data from two nuclear (nrDNA
 ITS, ETS) and three plastid markers (rbcL, ndhF, matK) confirmed the
 monophyly of Oxylobus and placed species of Ageratina as its sister
 group.  A survey of 56 samples of Oxylobus using nrDNA ITS and
 ETS provided support for the currently accepted species, and showed the
 recently described O. coyulensis to be distinct and the sister group to
 the rest of the genus.  The results also confirmed the placement
 of O. juarezensis in synonymy with O. subglabrus.  The results of
 a broad survey of Ageratina for ITS data showed that it is likely not
 monophyletic as currently circumscribed.  The phylogenetic
 results also highlighted the distinctiveness of Piqueria and Piqueriopsis
 as a distinct clade at the base of Eupatorieae.
DOI: 10.7291/d1h10m
title: Restoration interventions mediate tropical tree recruitment dynamics over time

description: Forest restoration is increasingly heralded as a global strategy to
 conserve biodiversity and mitigate climate change, yet long-term studies
 that compare the effects of different restoration strategies on tree
 recruit demographics are lacking. We measured tree recruit survival and
 growth annually in three restoration treatments ‒ natural regeneration,
 applied nucleation, and tree plantations ‒ replicated at 13 sites in
 southern Costa Rica, and evaluated the changes over a decade.
 Early-successional seedlings had 14% higher survival probability in the
 applied nucleation than natural regeneration treatments.
 Early-successional sapling growth rates were initially 227% faster in
 natural regeneration and 127% faster in applied nucleation than plantation
 plots but converged across restoration treatments over time.
 Later-successional seedling and sapling survival were similar across
 treatments but later-successional sapling growth rates were 39% faster in
 applied nucleation than in plantation treatments. Results indicate that
 applied nucleation was equally or more effective in enhancing survival and
 growth of naturally recruited trees than the more resource intensive
 plantation treatment, highlighting its promise as a restoration strategy.
 Finally, tree-recruit dynamics changed quickly over the 10-yr period,
 underscoring the importance of multi-year studies to compare restoration
 interventions and guide ambitious forest restoration efforts planned for
 the coming decades.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xf65ca
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 144 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "Country is Japan",
 "TaxonKey is Picea torano"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 144 records from 28 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002979-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpmc
title: Daily abundance of Dall's sheep peaks during late summer in a seasonal habitat of high-management interest

description: Informing conservation and management decisions for habitats frequented by
 species of high management interest often face the challenge of limited
 resources for conducting wildlife surveys. When surveys are focused on
 local areas or sparsely distributed species, it may also be difficult to
 obtain counts sufficient for implementing abundance models that account
 for imperfect detection. With replicated aerial surveys collected within a
 70.25 km2 portion of the Eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, USA during the
 summers of 2013–2015, we estimated daily abundance of Dall’s sheep using
 two different estimation methods: Bayesian N-mixture models and Poisson
 regression models. We then compared estimates of relative abundance from
 both model types while paying special attention to the assumption of
 closure within individual survey units. With abundance estimates obtained
 from individual survey days, we then estimated the average number of
 Dall’s sheep within the survey area for the period 1 July–1 October. Daily
 ewe abundance followed a quadratic pattern, with 10–20 ewes being within
 our survey area in early July and late September, and approximately 90
 ewes within the survey area in mid-August. Lamb to ewe ratios averaged 0.2
 from July–September, while ram to ewe ratios averaged 0.4 from July until
 mid-August before increasing to about 1.0 by the end of September. These
 results indicate that our survey area is an important habitat to local
 Dall’s sheep populations when lambs are vulnerable to predators.
 Accordingly, human recreation and military training within the survey area
 should be minimized 1.5–3.0 months after parturition to minimize
 disturbance. We also found that N-mixture models displayed a pattern of
 abundance estimates that increased in magnitude as model complexity
 increased. We thus recommend an a priori approach to N-mixture model
 construction that balances the risk of overfitting models to modest data
 against the risk of fitting models that do not explain heterogeneity in
 abundance and detection probability. Lastly, we suggest simple
 improvements to replicated, aerial surveys for species like Dall’s sheep
 focused on reducing violations of the closure assumption within individual
 survey units, which can reduce bias of density estimates obtained with
 N-mixture models.
description: Metadata documents are uploaded with data
description: Files 1)
 Deane_et_al_2021_DallsAerialCounts.txt 2)
 Deane_et_al_2021_DallsAerialCounts_Metadata.pdf 3)
 m1gc_totalN.rds 4) m1do_totalN.rds
 5) m1po_totalN.rds 6)
 Deane_et_al_2021_m1gc_m1do_p1do_totalN_Metadata.pdf