cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/g0dx-5m23
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Simic fire data from Old Monarch Pass Low, Western Slope - IMPD USOML001

description: The historical role of fire in sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) landscapes remains poorly understood, yet is important to inform management and conservation of obligate species such as the threatened Gunnison Sage-grouse (GUSG; Centrocercus minimus). We reconstructed fire histories from tree-ring fire scars at sagebrush–forest ecotones (10 sites, 111 trees) to better understand the role of fire in sagebrush landscapes of the Upper Gunnison Basin (UGB), Colorado, and how fire may have changed following Euro-American settlement. We assessed likely influences of historical fire by surveying plant composition and structure at 100 sagebrush sites with and without recent (2001–2020) fires. Tree-ring fire scars revealed a history of repeated low-severity fire at sagebrush–forest ecotones until 1892, followed by over a century without fire. Between 1684 and 1892, the mean fire interval (MFI) among sites averaged 49.6 years (ranging from 18.2 to 119 years). Fire over this period occurred synchronously at two or more sites on average every 23.6 years, potentially indicative of spread between sites. Most (70%) of the historical fires burned in the early growing season, consistent with times of strong wind. Recent burns exhibited reductions in sagebrush cover (5% vs. 25% in unburned sites) and concomitant increases in herbaceous cover (55% vs. 40%). These differences declined over time but persisted for at least two decades. Burned sites were dominated by native perennial grasses, forbs, and resprouting shrub species. Historically, such openings may have served as seasonal GUSG habitat. Our results indicate that parts of the UGB sagebrush landscapes were characterized historically by frequent fire and dynamic vegetation mosaics that included open, grassy patches. These findings support the use of prescribed fire to restore and maintain this ecological process and vegetation heterogeneity. However, the contemporary context for fire has changed and now includes substantially reduced, Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed GUSG populations, increased risk of non-native plant invasion, and climate warming. These circumstances highlight new risks, information needs, and opportunities for key knowledge co-production via management–research partnerships.
DOI: 10.25921/gcj6-nk39
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coulthard - Mount Cheam Update - TSME - ITRDB CAN673

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Update to Mount Cheam collection, ITRDB site code CANA497. Cores with IDs CHUxxxx are 2023 update. Collections part of the NSF project, BCS-1759629 Developing Tree-Ring Based Streamflow Reconstructions for Large and Complex River Basins. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.h54bgv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1539 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Stemona tuberosa"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1539 records from 48 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020822-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/ghh2-jv31
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Iniguez fire data from Catalina Butterfly Peak Plot 14 - IMPD USCBP_14

description: Fire histories contribute important information to contemporary fire planning, however, our knowledge is not comprehensive geographically. We evaluated the influence of topography on fire history patterns in two contrasting landscapes within the Santa Catalina Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Multiple fire-scarred trees from randomly selected 2-ha plots were used to develop plot composite mean fire intervals (PCMFIs) within the Butterfly Peak (BP) and Rose Canyon (RC) landscapes. BP is dominated by steep, northerly aspects and presence of potential fire spread barriers (exposed rock bluffs and scree slopes). RC is dominated by more gentle and southerly aspects with relatively few fire barriers. Within each landscape, PCMFIs did not differ significantly between aspect classes from A.D. 1748 to 1910 (BP: p = 0.73 and RC: p = 0.57). Pooled PCMFIs in the gentler RC landscape were, however, significantly shorter (p < 0.001) than in the steeper BP landscape. The frequency of relatively widespread fires (i.e., number of fire years when ≥2 plots scarred) was similar between landscapes, but fires in the gentler RC landscape were significantly larger (p = 0.033). The higher frequency of large fires (i.e., fires that burned >75% of the landscape) in RC resulted in more area burned over time and shorter fire intervals at individual plots. Conversely, smaller fires in the dissected BP landscape resulted in less area burned and longer periods between fires at individual plots. The different topographies in the two landscapes likely result in different wind intensities, fuel moistures, and fuel/vegetation types—and consequently, different historical fire spread patterns. Our conclusion is that fire history patterns are not influenced primarily by stand-scale topography, but rather by the topographic characteristics of the broader, surrounding landscape.
description: 
This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.

Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
Dating Method: Dated
Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable

Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uscbp_14.fhx
along with associated metadata at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uscbp_14-noaa.txt
DOI: 10.25921/gyyz-at64
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Farris fire data from Mica Mountain - IMPD US03_15C

description: Fire scars are used widely to reconstruct historical fire regime parameters in forests around the world. Because fire scars provide incomplete records of past fire occurrence at discrete points in space, inferences must be made to reconstruct fire frequency and extent across landscapes using spatial networks of fire-scar samples. Assessing the relative accuracy of fire-scar fire history reconstructions has been hampered due to a lack of empirical comparisons with independent fire history data sources. We carried out such a comparison in a 2780-ha ponderosa pine forest on Mica Mountain in southern Arizona (USA) for the time period 1937–2000. Using documentary records of fire perimeter maps and ignition locations, we compared reconstructions of key spatial and temporal fire regime parameters developed from documentary fire maps and independently collected fire-scar data (n = 60 plots). We found that fire-scar data provided spatially representative and complete inventories of all major fire years (>100 ha) in the study area but failed to detect most small fires. There was a strong linear relationship between the percentage of samples recording fire scars in a given year (i.e., fire-scar synchrony) and total area burned for that year (y = 0.0003x + 0.0087, r2 = 0.96). There was also strong spatial coherence between cumulative fire frequency maps interpolated from fire-scar data and ground-mapped fire perimeters. Widely reported fire frequency summary statistics varied little between fire history data sets: fire-scar natural fire rotations (NFR) differed by <3 yr from documentary records (29.6 yr); mean fire return intervals (MFI) for large-fire years (i.e., ≥25% of study area burned) were identical between data sets (25.5 yr); fire-scar MFIs for all fire years differed by 1.2 yr from documentary records. The known seasonal timing of past fires based on documentary records was furthermore reconstructed accurately by observing intra-annual ring position of fire scars and using knowledge of tree-ring growth phenology in the Southwest. Our results demonstrate clearly that representative landscape-scale fire histories can be reconstructed accurately from spatially distributed fire-scar samples.
description: 
This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.

Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
Dating Method: Dated
Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable

Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/us03_15c.fhx
along with associated metadata at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/us03_15c-noaa.txt
DOI: 10.25921/gna9-m858
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wiles - Yellowlegs Shore Pine - PICO - ITRDB AK198

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u32yw3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 118 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Talbotia elegans"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 118 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020823-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/gv66-0127
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tepley - Tamolitch Falls - CADE - ITRDB OR110

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/g5pt-yb84
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - O'Connor fire data from Pinalenos_N22, Southeast Arizona - IMPD USN22001

description: In recent decades fire size and severity have been increasing in high elevation forests of the American Southwest. Ecological outcomes of these increases are difficult to gauge without an historical context for the role of fire in these systems prior to interruption by Euro-American land uses. Across the gradient of forest types in the Pinaleño Mountains, a Sky Island system in southeast Arizona that experienced two relatively large high-severity fires in the last two decades, we compared fire characteristics and climate associations before and after the onset of fire exclusion to determine the degree of similarity between past and recent fires. We use a gridded fire scar and demography sampling network to reconstruct spatially explicit estimates of fire extent and burn severity, as well as climate associations of fires from individual site to landscape scales from 1640 to 2008 C.E. We found that patterns of fire frequency, size, and severity were relatively stable for at least several centuries prior to 1880. A combination of livestock grazing and active fire suppression after circa 1880 led to (1) a significant reduction in fire spread but not fire ignition, (2) a conversion of more than 80% of the landscape from a frequent, low to mixed-severity fire regime to an infrequent mixed to high-severity fire regime, and (3) an increase in fuel continuity within a mid-elevation zone of dry mixed-conifer forest, resulting in increased opportunities for surface and crown fire spread into higher elevation mesic forests. The two most recent fires affecting mesic forests were associated with drought and temperature conditions that were not exceptional in the historical record but that resulted in a relative proportion of high burn severity up to four times that of previous large fires. The ecological effects of these recent fires appear to be more severe than any fire in the reconstructed period, casting uncertainty upon the recovery of historical species composition in high-severity burn patches. Significant changes to the spatial pattern, frequency, and climate associations of spreading fires after 1880 suggest that limits to fuel loading and fuel connectivity sustained by frequent fire have been removed. Coinciding factors of high fuel continuity and fuel loading, projected lengthening of the fire season, and increased variability in seasonal precipitation suggest that large high-severity fires, especially in mixed-conifer forests, will become the predominant fire type without aggressive actions to reduce fuel continuity and restore fire-resilient forest structure and species composition.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.
DOI: 10.25921/gsnh-2h15
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Dewar fire data from Valle Jaramillo, Jemez Mountains - IMPD USVJ0001

description: Objectives
We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of using grassland-forest ecotone trees to reconstruct spatial and temporal properties of the historical fire regime in a complex landscape of montane forests and adjacent grasslands.

Methods
We sampled and crossdated fire-scarred trees along ecotones and compared variations in historical fire occurrence within and among nine adjoining valle basins in a 10,158 ha landscape. We analyzed fire year extensiveness, climate regulation, and the occurrence of consecutive fire years.

Results
The resulting tree-ring record covers 1240-2005 AD, with 296 trees recording 125 replicated fire years during the analysis period 1601-1902 AD. Mean fire intervals for all events recorded on two or more trees ranged from 4.7 to 13.6 years in individual valles, and a mean of 2.4±1.7 (SD) years at the landscape scale. Between 1660 and 1902, extensive fires occurring in six or more valles occurred 15 times, on average at ~17-year intervals; 29 moderately widespread fires (3–5 valles) occurred during this period, at 8.7 year intervals on average. Widespread events occurred in years with a significantly lower Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) preceded by years of significantly positive PDSI, indicating conditions favorable for fine fuel production. Spatial reconstruction of fire extent revealed multiple occurrences of consecutive-year fires burning non-overlapping areas, associated with persistent low PDSI anomalies preceded by positive conditions in antecedent years.

Conclusions
A landscape spatiotemporal approach to reconstructing fire regimes of montane forest-grassland complexes provides a valuable baseline for guiding prescribed and natural fire management at large spatial scales.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.

Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
Dating Method: Dated
Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable

Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usvj0001.fhx
along with associated metadata at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usvj0001-noaa.txt
DOI: 10.25921/gjc7-9p06
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mašek - 25PL Šumava - PCAB - ITRDB CZE058

description: Inter-annual climatically driven growth variability of above-ground biomass compartments (for example, tree stems and foliage) controls the intensity of carbon sequestration into forest ecosystems. However, understanding the differences between the climatic response of stem and foliage at the landscape level is limited. In this study, we examined the climate-growth response of stem and leaf biomass and their relationship for Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB) in topographically complex landscapes. We used tree-ring width chronologies and time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from high-resolution Landsat scenes as proxies for stem and leaf biomass, respectively. We then compared growth variability and climate-growth relationships of both biomass proxies between topographical categories. Our results show that the responses of tree rings to climate differ significantly from those found in NDVI, with the stronger climatic signal observed in tree rings. Topography had distinct but species-specific effects: At moisture-limited PISY stands, stem biomass (tree rings) was strongly topographically driven, and leaf biomass (NDVI) was relatively insensitive to topographic variability. In landscapes close to the climatic optimum of PCAB, the relationship between stem and leaf biomass was weak, and their correlations with climate were often inverse, with no significant effects of topography. Different climatic signals from NDVI and tree rings suggest that the response of canopy and stem growth to climate change might be decoupled. Furthermore, our results hint toward different prioritizations of biomass allocation in trees under stressful conditions which might change allometric relationships between individual tree compartments in the long term.
DOI: 10.25921/gcaf-py57
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mašek - 31NS Šumava - PCAB - ITRDB CZE064

description: Inter-annual climatically driven growth variability of above-ground biomass compartments (for example, tree stems and foliage) controls the intensity of carbon sequestration into forest ecosystems. However, understanding the differences between the climatic response of stem and foliage at the landscape level is limited. In this study, we examined the climate-growth response of stem and leaf biomass and their relationship for Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB) in topographically complex landscapes. We used tree-ring width chronologies and time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from high-resolution Landsat scenes as proxies for stem and leaf biomass, respectively. We then compared growth variability and climate-growth relationships of both biomass proxies between topographical categories. Our results show that the responses of tree rings to climate differ significantly from those found in NDVI, with the stronger climatic signal observed in tree rings. Topography had distinct but species-specific effects: At moisture-limited PISY stands, stem biomass (tree rings) was strongly topographically driven, and leaf biomass (NDVI) was relatively insensitive to topographic variability. In landscapes close to the climatic optimum of PCAB, the relationship between stem and leaf biomass was weak, and their correlations with climate were often inverse, with no significant effects of topography. Different climatic signals from NDVI and tree rings suggest that the response of canopy and stem growth to climate change might be decoupled. Furthermore, our results hint toward different prioritizations of biomass allocation in trees under stressful conditions which might change allometric relationships between individual tree compartments in the long term.
DOI: 10.25921/ge2q-5985
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wager - Big Cottonwood East - Days Fork - PSME - ITRDB UT566

description: This study assessed the potential for ozone injury to vegetation in the central Wasatch Mountains of Utah by determining if Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) experienced reduced growth since the onset of high ozone concentrations. Dendrochronological techniques were used to model Douglas-fir growth in six central Wasatch Mountain stands, where ozone concentrations suggest the possibility of injury to vegetation, and in four Bear River stands, where ozone concentrations are lower than injury thresholds. Previous-year growth, temperature, and Palmer's Z index variables explained 53–70% of the variance in annual growth. Reduced Douglas-fir growth, not explained by the model or insect and disease records, occurred after 1970 in the central Wasatch Mountains but not in the Bear River Mountains. Douglas-fir growth in the central Wasatch Mountains was slightly negatively correlated with the previous-year ozone concentrations in nearby Salt Lake valley. Between 1962 and 1973, a fluctuating budworm population due to varying spring precipitation was suggested to have replaced precipitation as the factor limiting tree growth, causing an anomalous negative relationship between precipitation and Douglas-fir growth. Because of a suite of possible factors (e.g., undetected climatic variables, fungal pathogens, competitive interactions) influencing Douglas-fir growth, ozone may be one factor in a larger stressor complex reducing growth.
DOI: 10.25921/gz01-2252
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lafon fire data from North Mountain, Ridge and Valley - IMPD USNM-001

description: Records of past fire occurrence from tree rings, charcoal found in lake sediments, and other proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.  Additional information on the International Multiproxy Database (IMPD) data set procedures are also available.

description: This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.

Sample Storage Location: University of Tennessee, Dept. of Geography & Sustainability
Dating Method: crossdated
Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable

Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usnm-001.fhx
along with associated metadata at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usnm-001-noaa.txt