DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcccn
title: Mantle transition zone topography and low-velocity zone locations in the Yellowstone Region

description: Earth’s mantle transition zone (MTZ) is a possible global water reservoir
 and may be responsible for long-term (~100 Ma) ocean-mass
 regulation. Estimates of water capacities in MTZ minerals are ~1 wt%, far
 greater than that of rocks of the surrounding mantle. When water-rich
 material is displaced from the MTZ, partial melting occurs, generating a
 sharp reduction in seismic velocities detectable with seismic receiver
 functions (RFs). We estimated RFs for the MTZ beneath the Yellowstone
 region using earthquakes recorded by ~200 stations of the Earthscope
 Transportable Array. We found many LVZs both above and below the MTZ,
 consistent with water release upon phase transformation of hydrated MTZ
 rock into upper- and lower-mantle mineral assemblages with low water
 capacities. The locations of LVZs are consistent with mid-mantle flow
 induced by descent of a Farallon-slab fragment and ascent of the
 deeply-rooted Yellowstone plume as imaged by seismic tomography.
description: Here, we provide the
 topography of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) and low-velocity zones
 (LVZs) above and below the MTZ estimated for the Yellowstone region.
 Seismic data used in this study were recorded on the EarthScope
 Transportable Array and obtained from the Incorporated Research
 Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center (http://ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc/). Topography of the MTZ and LVZs were identified using stacked common conversion point (CCP) (Dueker and Sheehan, 1998; Bianchi et al., 2010) multiple-taper correlation (MTC) RFs (Park and Levin, 2000; Park and Levin, 2016). The topography of the 410- and 660-km discontinuity were calculated with target depths of 410 and 660 km, respectively. LVZs above and below the MTZ were identified with RFs targeted to 410 and 760 km depth, respectively. Target depths (i.e., Ps delay times) were calculated via the US-SL-2014 tomography model (Schmandt and Lin, 2014), obtained from the IRIS Earth Model Collaboration (http://ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emc/). All structures were identified with a cutoff frequency <i>f</i><i>c</i> of 0.65 Hz. Stacking uncertainty was calculated with the jackknife resampling method; we consider feature robust if the RF value is greater than one standard deviation.
description: The data is provided as
 .xlsx and .csv files. If a cell in the file has a value of zero, no
 feature greater than one standard deviation was identified in this
 location. Here is a brief description of each table: Table S1. Seismic stations used in this
 study. All seismic stations were part of the EarthScope Transportable
 Array (TA). Table S2. Depths of the interpreted 410-km
 discontinuity. Table S3. Depths of the interpreted 660-km
 discontinuity. Table S4. Depths of the interpreted LVZs
 above the 410-km discontinuity. A zero values indicates no LVZ was
 interpreted. Table S5. Depths of the interpreted LVZs
 below the 660-km discontinuity at ~750 km depth. A zero values indicates
 no LVZ was interpreted. Table S6. Longitude values for grid points
 of used in Tables S2, Table S3, Table S4, and Table
 S5. Table S7. Latitude values for grid points
 of used in Tables S2, Table S3, Table S4, and Table
 S5. Please
 cite the article related to this data set as:
 Frazer, W. D., & Park, J. (2021). Seismic evidence of mid-mantle
 water transport beneath the Yellowstone region. Geophysical Research
 Letters, 48, e2021GL095838. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095838 Updated with corrections to Table S3 and Table S4 on 7/14/22.