cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2v698d41
title: Boron in seawater, ice and brine in the Bering and Chukchi Seas May-June 2021

description: This is the raw data collected in the Bering and Chukchi Seas that support our publication in Nature Communications - Earth and Environment 2022. The Arctic Ocean is experiencing a net loss of sea ice. Ice-free Septembers are predicted by 2050 with intensified seasonal melt and freshening. Accurate CO2 uptake estimates rely on meticulous assessments of carbonate parameters including total alkalinity. The third largest contributor to oceanic alkalinity is boron (as borate ions). Boron has been shown to be conservative in open ocean systems, and the boron to salinity ratio (boron/salinity) is therefore used to account for boron alkalinity in lieu of in situ boron measurements. Here we provide this ratio in the marginal ice zone of the Bering and Chukchi seas during late spring of 2021. We found considerable variation in born/salinity values in ice cores and brine, representing either excesses or deficits of boron relative to salinity. This variability should be considered when accounting for borate contributions to total alkalinity (up to 10 µmol kg-1) in low salinity melt regions.
DOI: 10.18739/a2vh5ck3m
title: Interview Data from January-June 2021: What Impacts Water Services in Rural Alaska?

description: This dataset includes anonymized interview data about the provision of water services in rural Alaska, focused on holistically understanding water service challenges using a systems approach. Eighteen semi-structured interviews with 19 stakeholders involved in the provision of water services in rural Alaska are included. These interviews were conducted from January 25th to June 28th, 2021. Interviews were conducted via teleconferencing or phone and were recorded (with permission), transcribed, checked for quality, and anonymized. Interview data was analyzed using a deductive-inductive qualitative content analysis. The data supported the following research objectives: 1) identify challenges within the financial, human, natural, and technical systems involved in the provision of water services in rural Alaska, and 2) use a systems thinking approach to identify interdependencies between systems.
DOI: 10.18739/a2vh5ck43
title: Arctic Great Rivers Observatory Data 2003-2019 Fixed Data Package

description: These data are associated with a manuscript under consideration for publication, and are therefore provided as a fixed data package. The continually updated ArcticGRO data package can be found at the Arctic Data Center doi:10.18739/A2XW47X7D In summer 2003, the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) began to collect the first methodologically-consistent series of river water chemistry samples at downstream sites on the six largest rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean: the Ob’, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma in Russia, and the Yukon and Mackenzie in North America. These measurements have continued largely uninterrupted to this day. This data package is associated with a publication that presents the first comprehensive time series analysis of this nearly 20-year dataset. Details on sample collection and analyses are provided in the “methods” section, below.
DOI: 10.18739/a2vq2sc0c
title: Minute-averaged carbon dioxide dry air mole fractions measured at Met City during the 2019-2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition

description: This dataset contains ambient air minute-averaged carbon dioxide dry air mole fractions measured in the Central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The backbone of MOSAiC was the year-round operation of the Research Vessel Polarstern that drifted with the sea ice across the Central Arctic from October 2019 to September 2020. Measurements were performed on the sea ice itself from a 10 meter (m) flux tower at Met City (meteorological station housing numerous atmospheric measurements) located 300-600 m away from Polarstern.
DOI: 10.18739/a2w37kx21
title: 1850 to 2000 annual refractory black carbon depositional flux records measured in the Flade Isblink and Akademii Nauk ice cores

description: Black carbon is an unambiguous indicator or tracer of combustion. It is an important aerosol in Earth's radiative forcing budget and also for understanding and modeling of past and future climate. Aerosols are short-lived in the atmosphere (days to weeks), however, so arrays of measurements are required to document spatial and temporal variability in emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and radiative forcing. Records of past refractory black carbon (rBC) concentrations and depositional fluxes developed from natural archives such as ice cores and lake sediments provide information on the past. This data set includes annual rBC depositional flux records measured in ice cores collected from two lower elevation coastal times in the Arctic: Flade Isblink in northeastern Greenland and Akademii Nauk in the Russian Arctic. These records were developed using the SP2-based method on the continuous ice core analytical system at the Desert Research Institute (McConnell et al., 2007, Science; McConnell et al., 2021, Nature).
DOI: 10.18739/a2w66995r
title: Northwest Passage Project seawater dataset, July - August 2019, Canadian Arctic Archipelago

description: This data were collected and processed through the Northwest Passage Project, a US National Science Foundation funded program to explore the changing Arctic through an innovative expedition that engaged diverse audiences through real time interactions from sea, a high definition 2-hour documentary, and related community events. The expedition was conducted onboard the Research Vessel Ice Breaker (RVIB) Oden, where undergraduate and graduate students participated in the expedition along with local indigenous representatives, scientists, historians, journalists, and a documentary film crew. We are submitting two seawater datasets: one with in-situ and ex-situ data, and one with the waters composition results. The "NPP.full.dataset.csv" provides information on the following parameters collected from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago water column: Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, Oxygen isotopes, Nutrients, Particulate Organic Matter (POM) data (e.g., Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Particulate Organic Nitrogen (PON)), Methane data (e.g., concentrations, isotope ratio C13-CH4, oxidation rates constants). The "NPP.OMP.dataset.csv" provides information on the water mass contribution across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Here, we show the raw and standardized parameters used into the Optimal MultiParameter analysis (OMP) (such as, Absolute Salinity, the Arctic Nitrate:Phosphate tracer, and d18O), and the source waters fractions (i.e., Atlantic Water, Pacific Water, Meteoric Water, Sea Ice Meltwater). We also show the residuals of the OMP analysis in fractions. Both the datasets provide unique information on physical and chemical characteristics of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago waters, which will serve as baseline for further investigations.
DOI: 10.18739/a2w950p44
title: Surface Mass Balance and Snow Depth on Sea Ice Working Group (SUMup) snow density, accumulation on land ice, and snow depth on sea ice datasets

description: The SUMup dataset contains Arctic and Antarctic surface mass-balance field observations of snow density, accumulation on land ice, and snow depth on sea ice over an ~60 year time period. The goal of this dataset is to create an expandable, standardized dataset of field measurements of surface mass balance components that is consistent in format, properly described, and easy for researcher to use. SUMup contains 3 subdatasets of snow density, accumulation on land ice, and snow depth on sea ice containing a total of over 1,000,000 measurements from a vast number of sites across the polar regions. When using this dataset please cite both the individual researchers who provided the data as listed in the Citation field as well as this dataset. Each measurement has a corresponding date, latitude, longitude, measurement, method, citation, and additional information as explained in the metadata/readme files. This aggregated, field measurement dataset can, and has been used, to validate current and future modeling and remote sensing retrievals. The SUMup dataset is a living dataset that will be expanded and released approximately yearly. This current version is the SUMup July 2018 release.
DOI: 10.18739/a2wh2dg3v
title: Simultaneous Ocean Water and Boundary Layer Water Vapor Isotopes in Western Arctic, 2016

description: From the western Arctic Ocean, we present the first continuous and simultaneous ocean water and boundary layer water vapor isotope data. We show that evaporative fractionation of isotopes in the Arctic Ocean can exceed 20‰ for δ18O (delta-O-18) and 160‰ for δ2H (delta deuterium). Greater sea ice melt freshwater contributions influence evaporative fractionation and can result in water vapor values more depleted in heavier isotopes. Sea surface water isotopes vary between the shallower continental Chukchi Shelf and deeper Chukchi Borderlands (basin) waters. The Chukchi Borderlands surface waters are less saline than the Chukchi Shelf, as it is influenced by greater sea ice extent and contribution of sea ice melt to the surface freshwater component. This greater contribution of sea ice melt results in lower d-excess surface water values in the deeper Chukchi Borderlands than on the shallower Chukchi Shelf. Additionally, the sea ice melt contribution to freshwater decreases, and total freshwater also decreases, substantially below 70 meters depth. Observed water isotope values provide the foundation for a remote sensing based creation of water isotope maps (isoscapes) that reveal unprecedented insight into the complexity of water isotopes. We also show how a strengthened East Siberian Current can lead to bidirectional flow through the Bering Strait and push high (low) d-excess (δ18O) surface waters south into the central Bering Sea. These new Arctic Ocean geochemical attributes are important for understanding the past, present, and future global water cycle as the Arctic experiences rapid changes that transport waters beyond the Arctic basin.
DOI: 10.18739/a2wh2dg4b
title: Treeline Snowfence White Spruce Branch Primary Growth, Agashashok River, Northwest Alaska, 2017-2022

description: The position of the Arctic treeline is an important regulator of land surface energy budgets, ecosystem-atmosphere carbon cycling, wildlife habitat and availability of subsistence resources to local communities. The prevailing hypothesis states that treeline position is determined by air temperature during the growing season. Because trees are taller than tundra vegetation and their canopy extends above the warmer boundary layer, their tissues are colder than tundra vegetation. These colder conditions are hypothesized to limit cell division and growth, such that seedlings are unable to grow into trees. However, our early work revealed that air temperature is warmer than previously thought near the Arctic treeline in Alaska and the indirect effects of temperature on soil nutrient availability may be important determinants of tree growth. We hypothesized that cold soils at treeline, particularly during winter, limit microbial activity and nutrient availability to the point where trees are barely able to survive and grow. In this project, near the Agashashok River in northwest Alaska, we used snowfences over six winters (2016/2017-2021/2022) to experimentally increase snow depth around eight trees at each of three treelines that varied in soil moisture and tundra vegetation. This dataset includes annual manual measurements of branch primary growth of treeline white spruce in control plots and those treated with 1.5 m tall snowfences. There were eight snowfence and eight control plots at each of three treeline study sites that varied in soil moisture and understory vegetation: hydric (wet sedge tundra), mesic (tussock tundra) and xeric (dry heath tundra).
DOI: 10.18739/a2ws8hn3c
title: Grid files of the total isostatic response to the complete unloading of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets (version 2)

description: The land surface beneath the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets is isostatically suppressed by the mass of the overlying ice. Accurate computation of the land elevation in the absence of ice is important when considering, for example, regional geodynamics, geomorphology, and ice sheet behaviour. Here, we use contemporary compilations of ice thickness and lithospheric effective elastic thickness to calculate the fully re-equilibrated isostatic response of the solid Earth to the complete removal of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. We use an elastic plate flexure model to compute the isostatic response to the unloading of the modern ice sheet loads, and a self-gravitating viscoelastic Earth model to make an adjustment for the remaining isostatic disequilibrium driven by ice mass loss since the Last Glacial Maximum. Feedbacks arising from water loading in areas situated below sea level after ice sheet removal are also taken into account. In addition, we quantify the uncertainties in the total isostatic response associated with a range of elastic and viscoelastic Earth properties. The computed isostatic response grids are provided in NetCDF format and have a number of applications for studying regional geodynamics, landscape evolution, cryosphere dynamics, and relative sea level change.
DOI: 10.18739/a2ww77163
title: Raw files for sea ice drift tracks from the Distributed Network of autonomous buoys deployed during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition 2019 - 2021

description: This is the raw position data for ice-tethered buoys deployed in the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition Distributed Network (DN). The largest ever network of autonomous ice-tethered buoys was deployed as a DN surrounding the MOSAiC Central Observatory (CO). This extensive network of 112 Global Positioning System (GPS) buoys and 12 multi-instrumented ice stations captured the annual cycle of Arctic sea ice drift and deformation for the first time as the DN traversed the Transpolar Drift Stream. GPS position data from buoys deployed during the year-long MOSAiC experiment capture sea ice drift and deformation at spatial scales ranging from 100s of meters to 200 kilometers (km) from late September 2019 into 2021. Raw data files have been updated to include the last of the data collected by buoys that were still operational after the initial download and processing.
DOI: 10.18739/a2xd0qz98
title: Indigenous Contributions to Arctic Biodiversity Conservation, Circumpolar Arctic, (2017-2021)

description: A significant percentage of the earth’s surface is owned, used, and managed by Indigenous peoples, securing Indigenous communities a critical role in current and future biodiversity conservation efforts. Within the Arctic, Indigenous communities are already contributing knowledge, labor, resources, and time to research, management, and conservation governance. This dissertation research examines the contributions of Indigenous knowledge and communities to biodiversity conservation in the Arctic in three areas, (1) how the evolution of conservation planning and knowledge co-production facilitates the ability of Indigenous communities to contribute to current research and conservation efforts, (2) to what extent Indigenous communities use lands, waters, and species within Arctic protected areas and to what extent they are invited to engage in management efforts, and (3) how forwarding a new framework for co-productive conservation supports partnerships with Indigenous communities, knowledge, and governance can aid in the development of ethically-conscious, culturally-relevant, and fully knowledge-based conservation efforts. Results show that Indigenous communities are critical partners in conservation, bring valuable knowledge and information to the creation of shared evidence bases, and are prepared to lead new and innovative conservation efforts when there are opportunities to support both subsistence and conservation targets and goals.
DOI: 10.18739/a2xg9fc41
title: North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset (2015-2020); Hexagon Data.

description: These data are a spatially explicit representation of monthly shipping intensity in the Pacific Arctic region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. We calculated shipping intensity based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, a type of Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitter required by the International Maritime Organization on all ships over 300 gross tonnes on an international voyage, all cargo ships over 500 gross tonnes, and all passenger ships. We used AIS data received by the exactEarth satellite constellation (64 satellites as of 2020), ensuring spatial coverage regardless of national jurisdiction or remoteness. Our analytical approach converted raw AIS input into monthly hex datasets. We first filtered raw AIS messages to remove spurious records and GPS errors, then joined remaining vessel positional records with static messages including descriptive attributes. We further categorized these messages into one of four general ship types (cargo; tanker; fishing; and other). For the vector dataset, we spatially intersected AIS messages with a hexagon (hex) grid and calculated the number of unique ships, the number of unique ships per day (summed over each month), and the average and standard deviation of the speed over ground. We calculated these values for each month for all vessels as well as vessels subdivided by ship type and for messages from vessels greater than 65 feet long and traveling at greater than 10 knots. These monthly datasets provide a critical snapshot of dynamic commercial and natural systems in the Pacific Arctic region. Recent declines in sea ice have lengthened the duration of the shipping season and have expanded the spatial coverage of large vessel routes, from the Aleutian Islands through the Bering Strait and into the southern Chukchi Sea. As vessel traffic has increased, so has exposure to the myriad environmental risks posed by large ships, including oil spills, underwater noise pollution, large cetacean ship-strikes, and discharges of pollutants. This dataset provides scientific researchers, local community members, mariners, and decision-makers with a quantitative means to evaluate the distribution and intensity of shipping across space and through time. In addition to these hex data, we also produced data products in 25- and 10-km raster format as well as a 1-km coastal data subset. To find these products, search for “North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset” in the Arctic Data Center’s data repository.
DOI: 10.18739/a2xp6v496
title: Jago Alaska Topography, Vegetation, Soils, and Site-Environmental Data 2009-2018

description: This data set contains topography, permafrost soils, vegetation, soil temperatures, and site environmental data collected near the Jago River, northwest Alaska for monitoring thermokarst. For field monitoring of topography, water depths, and thaw depths over time (8/14/2009, 8/31/2011, 7/27/2016, 8/1/2018), we sampled every meter along a 250-meter (m) transect oriented to cross replicate patches with differing degradation stages (Fig. SI2). For monitoring hydrology, soil, and vegetation over time, we used stratified, targeted sampling to establish three replicate permanent plots in each degradation stage (total 18), with the replicates broadly distributed along or near the transect. Plots for the undegraded stage, however, were not established until 2018. A subset of monitoring plots had dataloggers for sampling soil temperatures. In addition, soil and/or vegetation were sampled in 57 temporary plots established within representative patches away from the transect to increase sample sizes for each stage.
DOI: 10.18739/a2xw47x5f
title: 62 days of Supraglacial streamflow from June-August, 2016 over southwest Greenland

description: This dataset contains in situ observations of meltwater discharge through supraglacial stream networks and auxiliary data. Forty-six discrete discharge measurements and continuous water level measurements were collected for 62 days (13 June to 13 August) in 2016 for a 0.56 square kilometer supraglacial stream catchment in southwest Greenland. The dataset also contains water level observations in a cryoconite hole, shapefiles of the catchment boundary, gauging station location, and stream network. The dataset consists of the following files: Discharge_summary.csv : contains the 46 discrete discharge measurements (along with velocity and area) Discharge_profiles.csv : contains cross-sectional stream profiles of discharge for every 0.2 meters over the stream bed with reference to its deepest point Discharge_timeseries.csv : contains time series of stream water level and discharge with a 5-minute temporal resolution Cryoconite_hole_water_level.csv : contains time series of water level measured from a cryoconite hole with a 5-minute temporal resolution is shown Gauging_Station.zip : contains an ESRI shapefile with point data of the gauging station Stream_network.zip : contains an ESRI shapefile with the stream network Catchment_boundary.zip : contains an ESRI shapefile with the catchment boundary Please refer to the publication associated with this dataset for detailed uncertainty analysis and more information: Muthyala, R., Rennermalm, Å. K., Leidman, S. Z., Cooper, M. G., Cooley, S. W., Smith, L. C., and van As, D.: Supraglacial streamflow and meteorological drivers from southwest Greenland, The Cryosphere, 16, 2245–2263, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2245-2022, 2022.
DOI: 10.18739/a2xw47x7d
title: Arctic Great Rivers Observatory IV Biogeochemistry and Discharge Data: 2020-2024

description: The PARTNERS (Pan-Arctic River Transport of Nutrients, Organic Matter, and Suspended Sediments) and Arctic-GRO (Arctic Great Rivers Observatory) projects sample the biogeochemistry of the six largest rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean: the Yenisey, Ob', Lena, and Kolyma Rivers in Siberia and the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers in North America. To the greatest extent possible, sample collection techniques are identical across rivers. Once collected, samples are returned to Woods Hole, Massachusetts, from where they are shipped to expert laboratories for analyses. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory IV (Arctic-GRO IV) Project spans the years between 2020 and 2024, and continues a sample collection effort that has been ongoing since 2004. On each river, samples are collected bi-monthly (six times per year), with target sampling months alternating between years. For real-time updates of the Arctic GRO dataset, please visit www.arcticgreatrivers.org/data.