DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10643983
title: Results from the OnStove Nepal model "Achieving Nepal's clean cooking ambitions: an open source and geospatial cost–benefit analysis"

description: This repository includes all result datasets and figures from the OnStove Nepal model presented in the paper "Achieving Nepal's clean cooking ambitions: an open source and geospatial cost–benefit analysis" DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00209-2.

The code and automated workflow to run the model can be found in the Github repository https://github.com/Open-Source-Spatial-Clean-Cooking-Tool/OnStove-Nepal. All model input data can be downloaded from the permanent repository at 10.5281/zenodo.10641858.

Folder structure

The folder structure consists of a Procedded GIS Data folder containing all GIS processed data. These are the outputs from the DataProcessor.ipynb script and the raw GIS input data files found in the input data repository.

A folder for each scenario results. Within each scenario folder, there are:



A model.pkl and a results.pkl files. These are a calibrated OnStove model with the scenario inputs and a complete results model file of the scenario respectively. Both of these files can be read and explored using the OnStove tool. 

A summary.csv file with the summary results of the scenario for each technology.

A Subsidies_scenario_name.csv file showing the required total subsidies per technology of the scenario.

Image files in pdf format for:



The baseline technologies used in the country (current_shares.pdf),

The spatial mix of technologies providing the maximum net-benefits throughout the country (max_benefit_tech.pdf), 

The total costs and benefits of the transition per technology (costs_benefits.pdf),

The bar plot of max benefit technology shares (tech_split.pdf),

The max benefit technologies distribution over relative wealth in the country (tech_histogram.pdf),



A Rasters folder with raster files of different result maps in .tif format.


Inside the MCA folder, all results from the prioritization analysis are found, including:



The prioritized spatial technology mix to achieve the goals of the country (Prioritized_hh.pdf),

The biogas cookstoves relative wealth distribution index (Biogas_index.pdf),

The biomass ICS T3 cookstoves relative wealth distribution index (Biomass_ICS_T3_index.pdf),

The electrical cookstoves relative wealth distribution index (Electricity_index.pdf),

The biogas cookstoves priority map (Biogas_priority_areas.pdf),

The biomass ICS T3 cookstoves priority map (Biomass_ICS_T3_priority_areas.pdf),

The electrical cookstoves priority map (Electricity_priority_areas.pdf),

The total costs and benefits of the transition per technology (costs_benefits.pdf),

The prioritized technology shares distribution over relative wealth in the country (tech_histogram_prioritized.pdf),

A Subsidies_prioritized.csv file showing the required total subsidies per technology,

A mca.pkl file with the MCA model that can be manipulated using the OnStove tool,

A access_results.txt file with the current and after prioritization clean cooking access shares in the country.


A main_plot.pdf and a prioritized_plot.pdf files showing the compiled results for all scenarios and prioritized scenario respectively.

License

All datasets are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
description: The following sections provide general information about the methodologies used to produce the datasets presented in this repository. However, to learn more in-deepth about the methodology used to create the result, please refer to the original publication DOI of the OnStove Nepal study.

GIS data processing

All raster datasets were clipped to the study area boundaries (Nepals country boundaries) and reprojected to the pseudo-mercator projection (EPSG:3857). The raster datasets that have a spatial resolution different from 1 km (Population, Nighttime lights, Forest cover and Livestock), are resampled to 1 km resolution. Furthermore, the grid cell of the walking friction layer is used as the base grid to which all other datasets are aligned and projected. This is done as this layer is originally at 1 km resolution and has a complete grid covering the entire study area.

All vector datasets (Road network, Medium voltage lines, and Water scarcity) were clipped to the administrative boundaries and reprojected to pseudo-mercator (EPSG:3857).

Additional rasters were computed for proximity to roads, medium voltage lines, and hydropower mini-grids. Finally, urban/rural categories were rasterized from the urban and rural municipalities categories of the country's administrative classification.

Cost Benefit Analysis with OnStove

OnStove, is a geospatial raster-based tool that determines the net-benefits of different cooking solutions, for each raster grid cell of a given study area. The tool takes into account four benefits of adopting clean cooking: reduced morbidity, mortality, emissions and time saved, as well as three costs: capital, fuel, and operation and maintenance (O&M). In each grid cell of the study area the stove with the highest net-benefit is chosen.

OnStove produces scenarios depicting the “true” cost of clean cooking. The scenarios' benefits and costs produced by the tool are to be interpreted as the benefits and costs one could expect if the clean cooking transition were to happen now (overnight change). Results from OnStove can be interpreted as an upper bound of net-benefits following a switch to cleaner stoves. This can give a sense of the cost of inaction. OnStove can be used by planners and policy makers to identify the potential benefits that different interventions could cause in their systems.

As part of this study, several additions and improvements were made to the tool, as well as developing and integrating it with the spatial MCA analysis. Read more about these methods in the OnStove Nepal publication.

Scenarios

Four clean cooking transition scenarios were analyzed, where the costs and benefits of transitioning from the traditional ways of cooking to cleaner options are estimated. The Social optimum scenario captures these costs and benefits from a societal perspective, i.e. the true cost and benefit to society, including externalities such as GHG emissions and health spillovers. The other three scenarios take a private household perspective, where all costs and benefits are estimated based on the direct effects and perceptions of household users. The Highly subsidized LPG scenario uses a low end-user LPG price to account for the historically high subsidies that the government of Nepal has directed to LPG cylinders. The Lower LPG subsidies scenario, accounts for the recent cut in subsidies for LPG cylinders implemented in Nepal. The Stated Policies scenario accounts for the subsidy plans from the Government of Nepal, where LPG subsidies are removed and a part is transferred to subsidize electricity for cooking. Moreover, subsidies for biogas digesters and Biomass ICS Tier 3 stoves are also implemented.

MCA analysis

A multicriteria analysis is done using the results of the Stated policies scenario, GIS information, and stakeholder preference weighting. This process allows decision-makers to identify priority areas of action to achieve the clean cooking goals of the government. These goals consist of achieving 25% of the population using as their primary stoves electric cookstoves, 500.000 biomass ICS Tier 3 stoves, and 200.000 biogas digesters.