DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbwq
title: Data from: Weights of hatchlings across different temperature treatments

description: Global warming is one of the most significant and widespread effects of
 climate change. While early life stages are particularly vulnerable to
 increasing temperatures, little is known about the molecular processes
 that underpin their capacity to adapt to temperature change during early
 development. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we investigated the
 effects of thermal stress on octopus embryos. We exposed Octopus berrima
 embryos to different temperature treatments (control 19 °C, current summer
 temperature 22 °C, or future projected summer temperature 25 °C) until
 hatching. By comparing their protein expression levels, we found that
 future projected temperatures significantly reduced levels of key eye
 proteins such as S-crystallin and retinol dehydrogenase 12, suggesting the
 embryonic octopuses had impaired vision at elevated temperature. We also
 found that this was coupled with a cellular stress response that included
 a significant elevation of proteins involved in molecular chaperoning and
 redox regulation. Energy resources were also redirected away from
 non-essential processes such as growth and digestion. These findings,
 taken together with the high embryonic mortality observed under the
 highest temperature, identify critical physiological functions of
 embryonic octopuses that may be impaired under future warming conditions.
 Our findings demonstrate the severity of the thermal impacts on the early
 life stages of octopuses as demonstrated by quantitative proteome changes
 that affect vision, protein chaperoning, redox regulation, and energy
 metabolism as critical physiological functions that underlie the responses
 to thermal stress.
description: Female
 <em>Octopus berrima</em> (Stranks & Norman 1992) (n =
 9) were obtained in October 2021 (austral spring) from an artisanal
 octopus fishery at Venus Bay, South Australia using unbaited octopus pots.
 Unlike other merobenthic octopus species that produce small planktonic
 hatchlings, <em>Octopus berrima</em> is a holobenthic species
 that produce large, well-developed hatchlings (Hua, Nande, Doubleday,
 & Gillanders, 2023). Following capture, octopuses were transported
 in individual, 12 L aerated buckets of local seawater (15 °C) kept in
 insulated bags. Dens in the form of sectioned PVC pipes (65 mm diameter,
 20 cm length) were provided for each octopus during transport. Octopuses
 were transported to the South Australian Research and Development
 Institute (SARDI) in Adelaide, where all experiments were conducted in a
 controlled environment room. All octopuses remained in their respective
 dens during transport and were transferred in their dens from the buckets
 into separate glass tanks (50 cm × 25 cm × 30 cm) with filtered (0.5 μm)
 flow-through seawater, and a constant photoperiod (12:12 h). Adults were
 pre-acclimated at 16 ± 1 °C (mean ± SD) and were fed three live shore
 crabs (Grapsidae) daily supplemented with occasional live mussels
 (Mytilidae) and oysters (Ostreidae). All tanks were cleaned daily and
 covered with shade cloth to reduce excessive light and to induce spawning.
 All females spawned in their dens between two and 66 days after being
 transported to the facility and stopped feeding following spawning. We
 expected different individuals to begin spawning at different times due to
 natural intra-female variation. To ensure that no females (and embryos)
 were exposed to the treatment temperatures longer than others
 pre-spawning, we only exposed them to their respective temperatures once
 eggs were laid. Females were pre-acclimated at 16 ± 1 °C (mean ± SD) until
 spawning, after which temperatures were raised by 1.4 ± 0.8 °C per day
 until respective temperature treatments were reached. Temperature
 treatments were: 19.3 ± 0.6 °C (control; equivalent to the lower end of
 current summer average temperature in South Australia, hereafter referred
 to as control), 22 ± 0.1 °C (higher end of current summer average
 temperature in South Australia, hereafter referred to as current
 temperature) and 24.6 ± 0.2 °C (higher end of future projected summer
 average temperature based on projections from IPCC (2022), hereafter
 referred to as future temperature) (Table 1). Eggs received maternal care
 for the entire embryonic duration (average 62 ± 7 days; Table 1) until all
 eggs had hatched. Tanks were checked daily for hatchlings. Embryos were
 deemed viable or non-viable by checking the state of the embryos by visual
 inspection (e.g. heart palpitation and continued development). One-day-old
 hatchlings were euthanised by immersion in 1.5% magnesium chloride
 (MgCl<sub>2</sub>) for 10 min and then in 3.5%
 MgCl<sub>2</sub> for 30 min. Hatchlings were then lightly
 dried before their wet weights were measured using a micro-balance. Each
 specimen was placed in a cryogenic vial and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen
 before storing at -80°C until subsequent analyses.
description: # Weights of hatchlings across different temperature treatments
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbwq](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbwq) Research Article: Projected ocean temperatures impair key proteins used in vision of octopus hatchlings (Journal: Global Change Biology) This dataset contains raw weights (mg) of hatchlings across the control (19°C), current (22°C), and future (25°C) temperatures in CSV as well as the R script used to generate the boxplots (Fig. 4 in manuscript). ## Description of the data and file structure **CSV Raw Data of Hatchling Weights:** **Mother ID**: refers to the octopus brood/mother which also contains the temperature e.g. 19B refers to the octopus mother B from 19°C. **Temperature**: refers to the thermal condition that each octopus individual was exposed to i.e. 19°C, 22°C, or 25°C. **HatchlingID**: refers to the unique identifier of each hatchling containing the octopus brood/mother and its unique identifier **UsedForProteomics**: refers to whether the particular hatchling was used in the proteomic analyses as we did not have sufficient funding to analyse the proteomes of all hatchlings. Hatchlings that are used in proteomic analyses are coloured in green in the boxplot (Fig. 4 in manuscript). ## Code/Software **R Script** The above CSV file was then used in the R script to generate a boxplot. In the R script, we used ggplot to generate the boxplot, followed by Kruskal Wallis test and paired Wilcoxon test to test their statistical significance across temperature conditions.