cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78097
title: Yoseki. Copy of Mr Kimbers. Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group in the Congolese village of Yoseki, in the northern half of the country. The group of men, women and children are smartly dressed: women wear dresses with headwraps, children wear wraps or smocks, and men wear shirts. An elderly man sits in the centre of the picture, with the arms of the woman immediately behing him on his shoulders. He wears a light safari suit and a wide-brimmed hat, indicating his status in the religious community. Palm trees and a thatched dwelling can be seen in the background of the picture. The slide is captioned, "Yoseki. Copy of Mr Kimbers." Yoseki was opened as a mission station of the Congo Balolo Mission in 1913. Sidney W Kimber, his wife and their two children worked as missionaries in the 1920s. Black and white lantern slides showing two Congo slave women. The women sit facing one another on a wooden bench in wrap dresses. One woman wears an ornament through her ear, whilst her companion wears a thin bracelet. Scarification marks can be seen on the arm of each woman. In the Congo, marking the body through scarring in patterns then controlling the healing process was an important cultural signifier, often carried out to indicate life stages or cultural belonging, with peoples of the Congo having some of the most complex designs in Africa. In women, scarification marks were added to intenisfy beauty, or to mark stages in life, such as childbirth - bearing the pain involved in the process was believed to be a path to adulthood and a sign of strength that would be needed in childbearing. The heads of the women are slightly elongated, as a likely result of the practice of headbinding. The malleable skulls of babies would be wrapped tightly in cloth in order to produce an elongated head shape, mostly as a sign of cultural belonging and beauty. The Mangbetu people of the Congo practised head binding, and it is to this group that these women may belong. In the memoir of the work of her husband and herself for the Congo Balolo Mission, Lily Ruskin also speaks of head binding for babies of the Yamongo people, whom Edward Algernon Ruskin first encountered in 1895.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78096
title: Drill for boys, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing lines of Congolese boys and young men standing to attention in an  unknown location. Members of the group are in various forms of dress: some wear shorts and shirts, some wear trousers and shirts, and some wear wraps around their waists. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78103
title: Male converts, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of nine male Congolese Christians. The men are smartly dressed in shirts, ties and trousers, and some carry pith helmets. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78104
title: Our thanks to Field Lane Inst. for Footballs, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of Congolese men and boys in a group portrait around a sign written on a blackboard with chalk. The sign reads: "OUR THANKS TO FIELD LANE INST FOR FOOTBALLS." The sign refers to a gift from the Field Lane organisation, which was founded in 1841 as the Field Lane Sabbath School in Caroline Hill, London. With further funding, the organisation expanded in the late nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries, offering day schools, training institutes, shelters for destitute women and evening classes. It became the Field Lane Foundation in 1972. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78101
title: Waiting for a meal, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of boys and young men in a horseshoe shape, arranged in height order. The boys stand behind empty bowls arranged in front of them on the ground, presumably in a demonstration of the charitable work of the Congo Balolo Mission. Most of the boys wear shirts and shorts, although some are bare-chested. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78105
title: Male group with Congo Balolo Mission missionary, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of Congolese men and male adolescents in a posed group with a male European missionary from the Congo Balolo Mission. A line of adolescent boys sits at the front of the image, whilst young men stand behind them. One Congolese man holds up a sign, whereas another young man holds a cane across his body, which may mean that either he alone or the whole group suffers from visual impairment. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78106
title: Chief sons, Mompono, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of Congolese boys gathered around a table upon which bowls of food are laid. A larger bowl lies under the table. A boy in the foreground holds out a bowl, whilst another appears to serve him from inside a container. The boys wear light shorts and vests, implying that they may be from a Congo Balolo Mission institution. The caption to this image reads: "Chief sons, Mompono." This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78107
title: Group native Christians - Ekombe, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide of a group of Congolese Christians in a posed group photograph - men, women and children. The group is smartly dressed and poses outside a brick and thatched dwelling in Ekombe, north Congo in the modern Equateur province. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lp2fnp/6swzhg
title: Puccinia coronata Corda F-1219.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78108
title: Converts of long ago - Ikau Stn, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slides showing a group of men and women who were converted to Christianity through the work of the Congo Balolo Mission. The men and women are smartly dressed. Although most wear Western attire, one woman wears a shirt and a wrap around her waist. They pose in front of the brick and thatched buildings of the mission station at Ikau. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lp2fnp
title: Puccinia coronata Corda, 1219

description: Fungarium Micromycetes
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78109
title: Tribe in hunting dress, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of males from an unnamed Congolese tribe. The men wear hunting dress and carry spears. Some men have animal skins draped over them. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78110
title: Thank you, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of smartly dressed Congolese Christian converts. They stand around a blackboard, on which has been written "Thank You" in elaborate script. The child at the front centre of the image holds an open Bible, whilst others hold cloth patterned bags, possible gifts from the donor thanked in the image. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78091
title: Village group, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of villagers in the Congo. The group comprises an older man, women, a young man and girls and boys. Most are bare-chested, although the young man wears an open shirt and a loin cloth and a girl wears a wrap dress. Some of the group wear beads. They pose in front of a thatched dwelling, and a pile of yams can be seen to the side of the image. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78111
title: First converts, Songomboyo, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slides showing a group of seven Christian converts in Songomboyo (Songo Mboyo), in what is now the Equateur province of Congo. The group poses outside a house thatched with leaves. Whilst one man wears trousers and a shirt and women wear smock or wrap dresses, one man seems to be wearing a traditional loincloth. Missionaries from the Congo Balolo Mission (including Edward Algernon and Lily Ruskin) first visited Songomboyo in 1905 with little success. However, they were to return in later years and baptismal services were held for Songomboyo converts in 1913. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78112
title: Chair making, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing Congolese men standing behind chairs that they have made, presumably in a craft class. The wicker chairs are of Western design. They stand in front of thatched and straw walled buildings. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78113
title: Mrs Padfield's class, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of Congolese boys, aged from around four to twelve years of age, sitting on the wooded steps of a Congo Balolo Misison building. The boys wear shirts and shorts, although one boy in the front row of the picture is bare-chested. The slide is captioned: "MRS PADFIELD'S CLASS." Charles Padfield and his wife were early Congo Balolo Mission missionaries working in the early twentieth century at the Baringa mission station. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78114
title: Evangelists, Congo, ca. 1900-1910

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of native Congolese evangelists and pastors. The group comprises both men and women, including two children. The group is smartly dressed in Western style attire. Native evangelism was very important to the Congo Balolo Mission, at first on account of the small number of European missionaries. However, native evangelism became essential in giving Christian faith a local emphasis and in translation of the written and spoken word. Western dress was perceived as essential to the conversion of native Congolese, since indigenous clothing was perceived as bringing to mind "heathen" beliefs and mindsets. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78115
title: House boys, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of five 'house boys' for the Congo Balolo Mission. The adolescents range from around fourteen to seventeen years of age, and are dressed in long shortswith belts and white shirts. They pose on the steps of a mission building. Young men would progress from education in mission schools to house staff and then into roles in the indigenous Christian community. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78116
title: Ngombe from Bosomayali-Bongwonga village that chased McKittrick & Dr H Guinness, Congo, ca. 1900-1910

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of men, women and children, speakers of the Ngombe language. Members of the group wear both African and Western dress. An older Congolese man sits to the front centre of the image, wearing a white wide brimmed hat that singles him out from the group. The Ngombe-speaking people had a fearsome reputation amongst both neighbouring ethnic groups and European missionaries, as fierce warriors and cannabals. The caption of the slide refers to an expedition undertaken in 1891 by Harry Grattan Guinness (later founder of Regions Beyond Missionary Union) and John McKittrick, an early pioneer of the Congo Balolo Mission. The pair set out to explore lands north of Bondinga. They visited a sympathetic settlement, Bosi Dikolo, where they were asked to make a diplomatic trip to a neighbouring Ngombe speaking tribe at Bongwongo (Bongwonga). After an initially hostile reception at Bongwonga, all did seem well until the feelings of the local chief seemed to turn, and McKittrick and Guinness received news that they would be killed. McKittrick, Guinness and their party fled Bongwongo, firing their guns, with the hostile Ngombe people in pursuit. However, they safely returned to Bosi Dikolo, leaving the dispute in the hands of the State and the villages themselves. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78117
title: Congo Balolo Mission missionary and village boys, Congo, ca. 1900-1910

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a Congo Balolo Mission missionary with a group of village boys. The boys are bare chested, and wear cloths around their waists. A Congolese man in trousers and shirt can be seen at one side of the group, who could be a native evangelist. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/t8lmby/dvnxhm
title: Puccinia coronata Corda F-2331.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78118
title: Mass portrait, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a portrait of many men, women and children posed what may be a hill up to a mine-shaft in Congo. Congo was expolited by colonial powers for its natural mineral resources, including copper, tin and uranium. European missionaries can be seen amongst the group. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/t8lmby/ar7uqu
title: Puccinia coronata Corda F-2331.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78119
title: Baringa station women's meeting, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing female Christian converts at the Congo Balolo Mission station at Baringa, one of the first settlements of the mission. The women are smartly dressed, and most wear head-wraps. The female missionary in the picture is a Mrs Skerritt. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/t8lmby
title: Puccinia coronata Corda, 2331

description: Fungarium Micromycetes
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78094
title: Young girlies at Yaseki, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of six adolescent girls. Most are bare-chested, although one wears a wrap dress. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78120
title: The Church at Eala (Bongandanga district), Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a large group of Congolese men, women and children with a native evangelist at Eala, in the Bongandanga district. On account of a shortage of Western missionaries and in order to make Christianity more accessible to local cultures, the Congo Balolo Mission relied on native evangelists to spread their message and provide an entry point into communities. The male evangelist in the centre of the image wears a light shirt, a wrap around his waist and a broad rimmed hat. Most men are bare chested with wraps around their waists, and some wear hats of various styles. Women wear wrap dresses and cloth head-wraps. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78121
title: First native conference, Ikau, October 1931, Congo, 1931

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of male evangelists in Ikau in 1931. Ikau was one of the first mission stations to be set up by the Congo Balolo Mission, and is in what is now the Equateur province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The evangelists all wear Western dress of trousers and shirts, with some wearing ties and jackets. One man on the front row seems to be wearing a longer light jacket, which could be a doctor's coat. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78122
title: Allotments, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing cultivation in allotments in the Congo. Two people can be seen with garden tools working on the plots. Crops are grown in orderly rectangualr beds, and wooden frames have been erected for tall plants, suggesting that this image shows a Congo Balolo Mission plot. In contrast to the haphazard design of Congolese land organisation, the Congo Balolo Mission regulated space along ordered, geometric lines. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78123
title: Boma, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a view of the Congolese port of Boma, taken by the shore. A large single storey building can be seen in the distance, with several smaller huts lying in front of it. Boma was the capital of the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo from 1886 to 1926 - it was founded as a slaving station by European merchants in the late sixteenth century. The port handled exports such as cacao, bananas, rubber and palm products. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.