DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfn75
title: Viola umphangensis (Violaceae), a new species from Thailand

description: Viola umphangensis S. Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph., a new species
 from Thailand, is described and illustrated. Morphological, anatomical and
 palynological characters of V. umphangensis are compared with a similar
 species, V. betonicifolia Sm.. An amended key to the Viola species in the
 Flora of Thailand account is provided.
description: Fresh and dried materials were examined from field collections
 and herbarium specimens and measurements of vegetative and reproductive
 parts were taken using a dissecting microscope. Voucher specimens were
 prepared and deposited at BK, BKF and QBG (Table 1). Permanent
 cross-section slides of rhizomes, petioles and leaves were prepared using
 a paraffin method (Johansen 1940, Kermanee 2008). The permanent slides of
 the epidermis were prepared using a peeling method (Thammathaworn 1995).
 All permanent slides were observed under a light microscope (LM)
 (Zeiss-Axioskop 2) and stored at the Palynology Special Research Unit,
 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok,
 Thailand. The pollen grains were obtained using a modified acetolysis
 technique (Erdtman 1960). The pollen slides were investigated under a LM
 (Zeiss-primo star) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FEI-Quanta
 450) at the Scientific Equipment Center, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
 University, Bangkok, Thailand.
description: Dataset content overview Figure 1.
 Distribution of <i>Viola umphangensis</i> S. Nansai, Srisanga
 & Suwanph. in Thailand, designed by a star.
 Figure 2. <i>Viola umphangensis</i> S. Nansai,
 Srisanga & Suwanph. (A) habit, (B) stipules, (C) flower bud, (D)
 flower, (E) stamen, (F) stigma, (G) fruit, (H) seeds. Photos by S. Nansai
 (S. <i>Nansai</i> 10 (BK, BKF & QBG)).
 Figure 3. <i>Viola umphangensis</i> S.
 Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph. (A) habit, (B) leaf margin, (C–D)
 flower, (E) stamen, (F) pistil, (G) fruit, (H) seeds. Drawing by S.
 Nansai. (<i>S. Nansai</i> 10 (BK, BKF & QBG)).
 Figure 4. Seed morphology from LM and
 SEM. (A–C) <i>Viola umphangensis</i> S. Nansai, Srisanga
 & Suwanph. (A) conspicuous raphe, (B) size, (C) areolate and
 smooth surface. All from S. Nansai 10 (BK, BKF & QBG). (D–F)
 <i>V. betonicifolia </i>Sm. (D) inconspicuous raphe, (E) size,
 (F) striate surface. All from <i>S. Nansai</i> 7 (BK, BKF
 & QBG). Figure 5. Anatomical
 characters. (A–D)<i> Viola
 umphangensis</i> S. Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph. (A) rhizome,
 (B) petiole, (C) upper epidermis, (D) lower epidermis. All
 from S. Nansai 20 (BK, BKF & QBG). (E–H)<i>
 </i><i>V. betonicifolia
 </i>Sm. (E) rhizome, (F) petiole, (G)
 upper epidermis, (H) lower epidermis. All from <i>S.
 Nansai</i> 32 (BK, BKF & QBG). Abbreviation:
 cb = cortical bundle.
 Figure 6. Pollen morphology from LM. (A–C) <i>Viola
 umphangensis</i> S. Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph. (A) polar
 view, (B) equatorial view, (C) colporate. All from S. Nansai 10 (BK, BKF
 & QBG). (D–F) <i>V. betonicifolia </i>Sm. (D) polar
 view, (E) equatorial view, (F) colporate. All from <i>S.
 Nansai</i> 7 (BK, BKF & QBG). Figure 7. Pollen morphology
 from SEM. (A–C) <i>Viola
 umphangensis</i> S. Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph. (A) polar
 view, (B) equatorial view, (C) granulate. All from S. Nansai
 10 (BK, BKF & QBG). (D–F)
 <i>V. betonicifolia
 </i>Sm. (D) polar view, (E) equatorial
 view, (F) granulate fossula. All from <i>S.
 Nansai</i> 7 (BK, BKF & QBG).