cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005455.v1
title: Precision farming: characteristics of its adoption in the southwest region of Goiás – Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Brazilian Cerrado is a perfect region to develop precision agriculture. However, there is a lack of information about the state of the art of this new technique, already in use by some farmers in this region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make an analysis of the adoption and use of this technology in the southwest region of the state of Goiás, with real information on the intensity and form of usage and limitations of its adoption. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to the farmers who used some form of precision agriculture, analyzing the problems encountered with the technology, sources of information and the difficulties encountered by them. It was used a non-probabilistic sampling method. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and the results presented as graphs. The technique of precision agriculture in the analyzed region is in initial adoption phase. The most used technologies are soil sampling grid and distribution of fertilizer in variable rate. The use of sensors and precision irrigation technologies are not being adopted yet. The main obstacles are lack of specialized employees and high costs of equipment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005455
title: Precision farming: characteristics of its adoption in the southwest region of Goiás – Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Brazilian Cerrado is a perfect region to develop precision agriculture. However, there is a lack of information about the state of the art of this new technique, already in use by some farmers in this region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make an analysis of the adoption and use of this technology in the southwest region of the state of Goiás, with real information on the intensity and form of usage and limitations of its adoption. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to the farmers who used some form of precision agriculture, analyzing the problems encountered with the technology, sources of information and the difficulties encountered by them. It was used a non-probabilistic sampling method. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and the results presented as graphs. The technique of precision agriculture in the analyzed region is in initial adoption phase. The most used technologies are soil sampling grid and distribution of fertilizer in variable rate. The use of sensors and precision irrigation technologies are not being adopted yet. The main obstacles are lack of specialized employees and high costs of equipment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005456.v1
title: Soil moisture content and surface temperature in tillage systems and stages of development of maize crop

description: ABSTRACT The tillage systems affect the amount of crop residue on the soil surface, and hence its temperature and moisture content. To evaluate the variation of moisture content and soil temperature in systems of tillage on maize growth stages, an experiment was conducted in Ultisol. The experiment was conducted with randomized complete block with four replications in Petrolina – PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five tillage systems applied to the plots – unprepared primary, off-set disc harrow of 0.56 m, off-set disc harrow of 0.61 m, chisel plow and moldboard plow. The soil moisture and temperature readings were taken at 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 h for the different maize stages V3, V8, R3 and R6. Soil moisture was measured in the layer between 0.00-0.05 m by means of deformed samples by using gravimetric method and soil temperature at the surface with infrared thermometer. Systems of soil tillage and hours of reading influenced the moisture and soil temperature. The highest values of soil moisture content occur in the morning, while the highest temperature of the soil in the afternoon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005456
title: Soil moisture content and surface temperature in tillage systems and stages of development of maize crop

description: ABSTRACT The tillage systems affect the amount of crop residue on the soil surface, and hence its temperature and moisture content. To evaluate the variation of moisture content and soil temperature in systems of tillage on maize growth stages, an experiment was conducted in Ultisol. The experiment was conducted with randomized complete block with four replications in Petrolina – PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five tillage systems applied to the plots – unprepared primary, off-set disc harrow of 0.56 m, off-set disc harrow of 0.61 m, chisel plow and moldboard plow. The soil moisture and temperature readings were taken at 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 h for the different maize stages V3, V8, R3 and R6. Soil moisture was measured in the layer between 0.00-0.05 m by means of deformed samples by using gravimetric method and soil temperature at the surface with infrared thermometer. Systems of soil tillage and hours of reading influenced the moisture and soil temperature. The highest values of soil moisture content occur in the morning, while the highest temperature of the soil in the afternoon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005458
title: Production of natural aroma by yeast in wastewater of cassava starch industry

description: ABSTRACT 2-Phenylethanol (PE) is an aromatic alcohol with a characteristic odor of roses, widely used in food industry to modify certain aroma compositions in formulations with fruit, jam, pudding, and chewing gums, and also in cosmetic and fragrance industry. This compound occurs naturally in low concentrations in some essential oils from flowers and plants. An alternative to plants extraction are biotechnological processes. This study evaluated 2-phenylethanol’s production in cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cassava wastewater originated from starch industry. The substrate was supplemented with glucose and L-phenylalanine in order to obtain higher 2-phenylethanol concentrations and better efficiency in glucose/2-phenylethanol conversion. It was performed using Rotatable Center Composite Design and response surface analysis. Cultures were performed under aerobic conditions in a batch system in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 mL of medium in shaker at 150 rpm and 24 ± 1 ºC. The highest PE values were obtained with supplementation of 20.0 g.L-1 of glucose and 5.5 g.L-1 of L-phenylalanine, which has been experimentally validated, obtaining a PE production of 1.33 g.L-1 and PE/glucose yield factor of 0.070 g.g-1, equivalent to 74.3 and 89.7% of desirability values according to the validated model.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005458.v1
title: Production of natural aroma by yeast in wastewater of cassava starch industry

description: ABSTRACT 2-Phenylethanol (PE) is an aromatic alcohol with a characteristic odor of roses, widely used in food industry to modify certain aroma compositions in formulations with fruit, jam, pudding, and chewing gums, and also in cosmetic and fragrance industry. This compound occurs naturally in low concentrations in some essential oils from flowers and plants. An alternative to plants extraction are biotechnological processes. This study evaluated 2-phenylethanol’s production in cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cassava wastewater originated from starch industry. The substrate was supplemented with glucose and L-phenylalanine in order to obtain higher 2-phenylethanol concentrations and better efficiency in glucose/2-phenylethanol conversion. It was performed using Rotatable Center Composite Design and response surface analysis. Cultures were performed under aerobic conditions in a batch system in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 mL of medium in shaker at 150 rpm and 24 ± 1 ºC. The highest PE values were obtained with supplementation of 20.0 g.L-1 of glucose and 5.5 g.L-1 of L-phenylalanine, which has been experimentally validated, obtaining a PE production of 1.33 g.L-1 and PE/glucose yield factor of 0.070 g.g-1, equivalent to 74.3 and 89.7% of desirability values according to the validated model.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005459.v1
title: Economic analysis of conventional and transgenic corn under two soil tillage systems

description: ABSTRACT Corn is an agricultural crop of major importance regarding its wide use and production forms. Given these background, this work aimed at analyzing economically the corn production chain with different hybrids and soil tillage systems. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Lageado, located in the College of Agricultural Sciences/ UNESP, campus in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. We analyzed two corn hybrids, one conventional and another transgenic, on soil prepared by conventional cultivation practices and minimum cultivation. The same tractors, implements, and fertilizers were employed for both tillage systems. We evaluated operating costs, input costs, gross income, net income, as well as benefit and cost ratio of both cropping systems. Therefore, we concluded that transgenic corn provides reduced operating costs and inputs, enabling higher yield, net income and benefit/cost relationship when cropped with minimum cultivation practices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005459
title: Economic analysis of conventional and transgenic corn under two soil tillage systems

description: ABSTRACT Corn is an agricultural crop of major importance regarding its wide use and production forms. Given these background, this work aimed at analyzing economically the corn production chain with different hybrids and soil tillage systems. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Lageado, located in the College of Agricultural Sciences/ UNESP, campus in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. We analyzed two corn hybrids, one conventional and another transgenic, on soil prepared by conventional cultivation practices and minimum cultivation. The same tractors, implements, and fertilizers were employed for both tillage systems. We evaluated operating costs, input costs, gross income, net income, as well as benefit and cost ratio of both cropping systems. Therefore, we concluded that transgenic corn provides reduced operating costs and inputs, enabling higher yield, net income and benefit/cost relationship when cropped with minimum cultivation practices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005461
title: Combined units for swine wastewater treatment - part I removed organic load

description: ABSTRACT Pig farming has excelled in Brazilian livestock whose meat production has been considered the third largest in the world. Conversely, these production systems have great environmental polluting potential. In addition, anaerobic systems have been used for swine wastewater treatment, requiring complementation to reduce loads of nutrients and for further agricultural reuse. This paper evaluated the combined effect of two treatment units in removing organic matter in the form of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The combined units consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with working volume of 96 L, followed by a constructed wetland system (CWS) with a capacity of 237 L. The experiment was conducted at three stages of hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation. The HRT was of 59, 19.5, and 5 hours for the UASB, and of 146, 48, and 13 hours for the CWS. The volumetric organic loading rates (VOLRs) were 1.2, 1.3, and 13.0 kg.m-3d-1 of COD in the USBAR. The surface application rates (SAR) in the CWS were 850, 656, and 6335 kg.ha-1.d-1 of COD. The associated units removed 0.07, 0.07, and 0.96 kg.d-1 of total COD, as well as 0.03, 0.07 and 0.14 kg.d-1 of soluble COD. The final effluent characteristics did not reach environmental standards for being released into water bodies in any of the stages; however, its nutritional potential should be considered for use in agricultural production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005461.v1
title: Combined units for swine wastewater treatment - part I removed organic load

description: ABSTRACT Pig farming has excelled in Brazilian livestock whose meat production has been considered the third largest in the world. Conversely, these production systems have great environmental polluting potential. In addition, anaerobic systems have been used for swine wastewater treatment, requiring complementation to reduce loads of nutrients and for further agricultural reuse. This paper evaluated the combined effect of two treatment units in removing organic matter in the form of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The combined units consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with working volume of 96 L, followed by a constructed wetland system (CWS) with a capacity of 237 L. The experiment was conducted at three stages of hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation. The HRT was of 59, 19.5, and 5 hours for the UASB, and of 146, 48, and 13 hours for the CWS. The volumetric organic loading rates (VOLRs) were 1.2, 1.3, and 13.0 kg.m-3d-1 of COD in the USBAR. The surface application rates (SAR) in the CWS were 850, 656, and 6335 kg.ha-1.d-1 of COD. The associated units removed 0.07, 0.07, and 0.96 kg.d-1 of total COD, as well as 0.03, 0.07 and 0.14 kg.d-1 of soluble COD. The final effluent characteristics did not reach environmental standards for being released into water bodies in any of the stages; however, its nutritional potential should be considered for use in agricultural production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005464
title: Hygroscopicity of sweet sorghum seeds

description: ABSTRACT This study focused in determining the sorption isotherms of sweet sorghum seeds at varied conditions of temperature and water activity, ascertaining the isosteric heat of desorption. Seeds were dried in a forced-air oven at 40 °C up to reach moisture levels of 24, 19, 15, 12 and 8% (d.b.). Desorption isotherms of sorghum seeds were estimated by the indirect static method, and water activity (aw) was determined using a Hygropalm aw model 1 device. Temperature control was set at 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C in the B.O.D chambers. Experimental data were fitted using mathematical models regularly used to represent hygroscopicity of plant products. Results showed Chung-Pfost model as the one that best represents sorghum seed hygroscopicity. The isosteric heat of sorption increases with decreasing moisture contents; and the values for sorghum seeds with moisture content between 7.9 to 28.0% (d.b.) range from 3136.54 up to 2493.33 kJ.kg-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005464.v1
title: Hygroscopicity of sweet sorghum seeds

description: ABSTRACT This study focused in determining the sorption isotherms of sweet sorghum seeds at varied conditions of temperature and water activity, ascertaining the isosteric heat of desorption. Seeds were dried in a forced-air oven at 40 °C up to reach moisture levels of 24, 19, 15, 12 and 8% (d.b.). Desorption isotherms of sorghum seeds were estimated by the indirect static method, and water activity (aw) was determined using a Hygropalm aw model 1 device. Temperature control was set at 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C in the B.O.D chambers. Experimental data were fitted using mathematical models regularly used to represent hygroscopicity of plant products. Results showed Chung-Pfost model as the one that best represents sorghum seed hygroscopicity. The isosteric heat of sorption increases with decreasing moisture contents; and the values for sorghum seeds with moisture content between 7.9 to 28.0% (d.b.) range from 3136.54 up to 2493.33 kJ.kg-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005465
title: Backpressure effects on the flow-pressure relation of driplines

description: ABSTRACT For drip irrigation design and management, it is necessary to know the relation between flow and pressure acting on emitters. In the case of subsurface drip irrigation, the backpressure phenomenon may change the hydraulic characteristics of emitters. Thus, this study aimed at determining such relationship between flow and pressure of different driplines in surface and subsurface conditions; aiming to find possible differences in hydraulic behavior. We tested four emitter types; two pressure compensating (D5000 and Hydro PCND) and two non-pressure compensating (TalDrip and Jardiline). Emitter flow rates were attained in atmospheric conditions and submerged in water, in which submergence levels represented backpressure. Assays were performed using inlet pressures of 80, 100, 120, and 150 kPa for the Hydro PCND dripline and 25, 50, 100, and 150 kPa for the other ones; the backpressures were of 0.49, 1.47, 2.45, 4.41 and 6.37 kPa with four replications. The emitters had their proportionality constants and discharge exponents changed in submerged applications, representing backpressure effect. Non-pressure compensating emitters had their discharge exponent decreased, while in pressure compensating ones, it was increased. Backpressure reduced emitter flow rates at all evaluated pressures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005465.v1
title: Backpressure effects on the flow-pressure relation of driplines

description: ABSTRACT For drip irrigation design and management, it is necessary to know the relation between flow and pressure acting on emitters. In the case of subsurface drip irrigation, the backpressure phenomenon may change the hydraulic characteristics of emitters. Thus, this study aimed at determining such relationship between flow and pressure of different driplines in surface and subsurface conditions; aiming to find possible differences in hydraulic behavior. We tested four emitter types; two pressure compensating (D5000 and Hydro PCND) and two non-pressure compensating (TalDrip and Jardiline). Emitter flow rates were attained in atmospheric conditions and submerged in water, in which submergence levels represented backpressure. Assays were performed using inlet pressures of 80, 100, 120, and 150 kPa for the Hydro PCND dripline and 25, 50, 100, and 150 kPa for the other ones; the backpressures were of 0.49, 1.47, 2.45, 4.41 and 6.37 kPa with four replications. The emitters had their proportionality constants and discharge exponents changed in submerged applications, representing backpressure effect. Non-pressure compensating emitters had their discharge exponent decreased, while in pressure compensating ones, it was increased. Backpressure reduced emitter flow rates at all evaluated pressures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005467
title: Thermal gradients of container and mean surface temperature of broiler chicks transported on different shipments

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the thermal gradients between the container environment and the interior of chick boxes and mean surface temperature of broiler chicks during transportation on different shipments. The research was conducted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with the accompaniment of nine shipments with different density boxes, using an acclimatized truck with an average capacity of 380 boxes. It was selected 14 chick transportation boxes on each shipment and, subsequently, five chicks per box. It was measured the mean surface temperature of chicks (MST) in shipment (loading and unloading) by using an infrared thermometer. In the container microclimate assessment (center and inside chick boxes), it was recorded the air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and specific enthalpy (h). For this, 17 data loggers were placed one per box (14) and three along the container. The experimental design was the completely randomized in a 9 × 2 factorial scheme. It was found that there are two microclimates in the chick loads, being the highest averages of T, RH and h observed inside boxes. The highest values of MST occurred during the unloading of chicks. It was also observed that the chicks have undergone thermal stress during transportation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005467.v1
title: Thermal gradients of container and mean surface temperature of broiler chicks transported on different shipments

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the thermal gradients between the container environment and the interior of chick boxes and mean surface temperature of broiler chicks during transportation on different shipments. The research was conducted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with the accompaniment of nine shipments with different density boxes, using an acclimatized truck with an average capacity of 380 boxes. It was selected 14 chick transportation boxes on each shipment and, subsequently, five chicks per box. It was measured the mean surface temperature of chicks (MST) in shipment (loading and unloading) by using an infrared thermometer. In the container microclimate assessment (center and inside chick boxes), it was recorded the air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and specific enthalpy (h). For this, 17 data loggers were placed one per box (14) and three along the container. The experimental design was the completely randomized in a 9 × 2 factorial scheme. It was found that there are two microclimates in the chick loads, being the highest averages of T, RH and h observed inside boxes. The highest values of MST occurred during the unloading of chicks. It was also observed that the chicks have undergone thermal stress during transportation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9599549
title: STORAGE POTENTIAL OF PEELED CRAMBE FOR OIL QUALITY

description: ABSTRACT Peeling of crambe fruits, besides increasing the yield of mechanical oil extraction, can increase its apparent specific mass from about 330 to 700 kgm−3, reducing transport and storage operating costs, as well as increasing cake protein content. However, there is no information on the quality of the oil extracted from the stored unpeeled crambe. This study aimed to assess the possible effects of peeling fruits submitted to different storage systems. For nine months, peeled and unpeeled crambe fruits were stored in conventional (permeable) and hermetic packages and water content, fatty acid, and acidity and oil peroxide indices were monitored. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 x 3triple factorial, with three replications. After analysis of variance, the mean data were compared by the Tukey’s test, being considered significant when p&lt;0.05. The results showed that peeled crambe had better conservation in relation to that unpeeled, mainly when submitted to the hermetic storage system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9599549.v1
title: STORAGE POTENTIAL OF PEELED CRAMBE FOR OIL QUALITY

description: ABSTRACT Peeling of crambe fruits, besides increasing the yield of mechanical oil extraction, can increase its apparent specific mass from about 330 to 700 kgm−3, reducing transport and storage operating costs, as well as increasing cake protein content. However, there is no information on the quality of the oil extracted from the stored unpeeled crambe. This study aimed to assess the possible effects of peeling fruits submitted to different storage systems. For nine months, peeled and unpeeled crambe fruits were stored in conventional (permeable) and hermetic packages and water content, fatty acid, and acidity and oil peroxide indices were monitored. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 x 3triple factorial, with three replications. After analysis of variance, the mean data were compared by the Tukey’s test, being considered significant when p&lt;0.05. The results showed that peeled crambe had better conservation in relation to that unpeeled, mainly when submitted to the hermetic storage system.