cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2037
title: Extraction of silk flavonoids and carotenoids from Thai silk waste and their antioxidant activities

description: At present, there have been widespread studies on the extraction of silk proteins as well as their applications. This thesis aims to study silk pigments, the other component of the silk, which was interesting no less than its protein. Silk pigments are composed of antioxidative substances such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids. The results in this study showed that the complete removal of the pigments of Thai yellow Nangnoi silk waste, could be achieved by repeated batch extraction 5 time with ethanol at 80oC in a closed pressure vessel. The extracts exhibited the amounts of total carotenoids and flavonoids of 0.7 and 5.1 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Of these amounts, more than 60% of carotenoids contents and 70% of flavonoids contents were located on silk fibroin layer (an inner core protein). The constituents of this extract were then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and it was found that the carotenoid called lutein is the major component of the extract. Due to the fact that carotenoids and flavonoids are associated with the medicinal functions, we investigated extraction of these pigments using two benign solvents, which are ethanol and subcritical water to determine the suitability of the solvents for extraction of these pigments. The experimental results revealed that ethanol is the suitable solvent for extraction of carotenoids while subcritical water is suitable for flavonoids extraction. For extraction of caroteinoids, ethanolic was used as extraction solvent to determine the effect of temperature (50-79 ํC) and extraction time (2-12 hours), and the result exhibited that the amount of carotenoids increased with increasing temperature and extraction time. For flavonoids, subcritical water extraction was carried out at 120-150 ํC for 10-60 min to determine the effects of subcritical water temperatures and extraction times on the yield, and the results showed that the amount of flavonoids decreased with the increasing subcritical water temperature and the extraction time due to decomposition at such conditions. Besides the amount of the pigments, the antioxidant activity of the silk extracts were determined and it was found that the concentration of the silk pigment extract that exhibit the 50% reduction of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), (ABTS) free radicals was as small as 15.6-23.3 [micro]g/ml.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2038
title: Conversion of crystalline cellulose to solvent by naturally selected and recombinant clostridia

description: Clostridium cellulolyticum, a mesophilic clostridial cellulosomes have a large cluster which is very similar to that of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. This model mesophilic cellulosome has recently been reported and cellulose gene cluster also characterized. Cel48F, one of the major cellulase of C. cellulolyticum, is active on degraded swallen avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose and even crystalline cellulose. In contrast, C. acetobutylicum produces inactive cellulosome which dues to the mutated amino acid in Cel48A subunit, one of three major cellulases in C. acetobutylicum cellulosome. The cel48A sequences encode polypeptides containing amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 84 000 Da. Protein contain a catalytic domain belonging to the family 48. For this reason, cel48A gene was modified by site-directed mutagenesis method to restore the activity of Cel48A. In parallel, new hybrid molecules of cel48A dockerin domain and cel48F catalytic domain were constructed. The results show that purified hybrid cel48A-cel48F has proficient activity on all cellulolytic substrates inspected. Interestingly, the hybrid protein shows activity on crystalline cellulose as well as efficient native C. cellulolyticum Cel48F (11.882 and 13.4 IU/[micro]mol respectively). Overall results can be concluded that the chimera protein exhibited enhanced action on cellulose more than in native C. acetobutylicum catalytic domain of cellulose. The action of hybrid enzyme over carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) developed for 30.8 folds from native (native Cel48A: 0.011 IU/[micro]M, hybrid: 0.339 IU/[micro]M). Activity over Phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) was improved for 2771 folds (native Cel48A: 0.002 IU/[micro]M, hybrid: 5.542 IU/[micro]M). Truncate recombinant hybrid protein can be detected in p952-SA-FA C. acetobutylicum strain. In the screening from natural process, Fifteen isolates were rapidly classified as in the class Clostridia by four selected criterias: endospore formation, sulfite reducing ability, metabolic products and 16S rDNA sequence. The selective system in this research was appropriate for the screening of Clostridiaceae in a similarity range between 83-100%. Comparative analysis shows that recombinant also expresses exoglucanase activity as well as naturally selected Clostridia.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2039
title: Genetics of antibiotic resistance in campylobacter coli isolated from swine in Thailand

description: This study was performed in a total of eighty-three Campylobacter coli strains isolated from swine, of which minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline were known. All of the isolates were investigated for the presence of tetO and class 1 integrase. Forty-four erythromycin-resistant isolates were tested for mutations in 23S rRNA gene. Sixty isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic were examined for mutations in gyrA and gyrB genes. Most of the tetracycline-resistant isolates (97%, 65/67) possessed tet(O). Four isolates (4.8%, 4/83) harbored class 1 integrons and all of them produced a 1,000-bp amplicon in a 5′-3′ conserved sequence PCR directed toward amplification of the gene cassettes. DNA sequencing demonstrated that all four isolates possessed the aminoglycoside resistance gene, aadA9. Most of erythromycin-resistant isolates (77%, 34/44) contained mutations in 23s RNA. Five of point mutations were found, of which the most common type was A2230G (70%, 31/44). For nalidixic acid and/or ciproflocxacin resistant strains, all carried mutations in Quinolone Resistance Determining Region (QRDR) of gyrA and 8.5% (5/60) contained mutations in QRDR of gyrB. The predominant mutation in gyrA was C257T (93%, 56/60) that converted threonine at position 86 to isoleucine. The point mutations in gyrB was A1144C (7%, 4/60) that converted lysine at position 381 to glutamic acid.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2040
title: Comparison of effective dose in phantom from computed tomography using monte carlo simulation and thermoluminescent dosimetry methods

description: Computed tomography (CT) is the examination procedure in diagnostic radiology and the dose given to the patient is higher than general radiographic procedures. This research work is to study the organ doses and effective doses from calculation by ImPACT spreadsheet of Monte Carlo simulation and measurement by thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) in the Rando phantom. The organ doses and effective doses for chest and abdominal examinations were estimated from Siemens Sensation 16 computed tomography equipment used at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The computed tomography dose index (CTDI) was measured in air and in body phantom with Scanditronix/Wellhofer DCT 10-RS ionization chamber then the CTDIs and exposed parameters were entered in ImPACT spreadsheet for calculation of the organ and effective doses. The TLD-100 chips were calibrated with [superscript 60]Co beams. The sensitivity, linearity and energy response of TLD-100 chips were determined. The TLD-100 chips were inserted in the Rando phantom and were irradiated. The organ doses and effective doses were calculated. Finally, the results from two methods were compared in term of percentage difference. From our study, most of the organ doses for chest and abdominal examinations from thermoluminescent dosimetry were higher than those calculated by Monte Carlo simulation except breast, esophagus, and bone surfaces for chest examination and gonads, lung, and esophagus for abdominal examination. The differences between the organ doses from two methods were within the 11.74 % uncertainty of TLD measurement for the organ located in the radiation field except the organs that were difficult to search for the exact location. The effective doses of chest examination were 4.37 mSv from Monte Carlo simulation and 5.42 mSv for thermoluminescent dosimetry, resulted in 19.37% difference. The effective doses of abdominal examination were 7.31 mSv from Monte Carlo simulation and 8.52 mSv for thermoluminescent dosimetry, resulted in 14.20% difference. The results showed the higher measured dose than calculated which agreed with the other published studies. The underestimation of the calculated dose was mainly due to the difference of the design between the Rando phantom and Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD) mathematical phantom in Monte Carlo simulation. For the clinical patient, the organ and effective doses could be estimated by Monte Carlo simulation with the awareness of the under estimation within 20%.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2041
title: The effects of alternative reading assessment techniques and English language ability on reading comprehension of Thai high school students

description: The purposes of the study were to investigate (1) the effects of the two reading assessment techniques: the Information-transfer Technique (IT) and the Summary Technique (ST), and the test takers’ English language ability on their reading comprehension scores; (2) the test takers’ reading and test-taking strategies while responding to the IT and the ST. The subjects were 180 Thai 9 [superscript th ] grade high school students. They were randomly selected and randomly assigned to take each assessment technique. The research instruments included the IT, the ST, and the semi-structure interview. The data from the IT and the ST administration were quantitatively analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA and the interview was qualitatively analyzed by content analysis. The findings of the study were as follows. First, it revealed a significant difference between the IT and the ST. The mean score of the test takers assessed by the IT was lower than that of the test takers assessed by the ST. Second, the mean score of the test takers with low ability was different from the mean score of those with average ability and the mean score of those with high ability. Third, the ST had more of an effect on the test takers with low ability than it did on the test takers with average or high ability. Finally, the test takers’ reading and test-taking strategies, particularly those of the test takers with high ability confirmed the constructs of the IT and the ST. In addition, most of the test takers from the three ability groups had positive attitudes towards the IT and the ST. Specifically, the IT was viewed as an innovative and game-like task. This study can offer theoretical and practical implications. It has provided more insights into the theory of reading components, test development and test validation process. The findings of reading and test-taking strategies of the test takers with different levels have implications for reading instruction. Reading courses embedded with the training of reading strategies for global comprehension should be designed to enhance the students’ reading ability.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2042
title: Effects of forming process and firing temperature on thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic bodies

description: The objective of this research is to study the effects of forming process on the physical properties of ceramic body after firing. The body is used in this research are porcelain, vitreous china, stoneware, earthenware, and terracotta. The specimens were formed by pressing, extruding, and slip casting and fired at 950- 1250 degree Celsius depending on types of body. The following properties: firing shrinkage, bulk density, water absorption, modulus of rupture (MOR), phase composition, microstructure and thermal expansion coefficient of the fired bodies were investigated. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the physical properties of fired specimens in each ceramic body were depended on forming process and its parameters. The crystal phases of fired specimens from different forming processes determined by XRD were the same but morphologies of crystals and pores were significantly different. Thermal expansion coefficient can be estimated from bulk density of fired specimens. At the same firing temperature, the specimen with high bulk density has higher thermal expansion coefficient than lower bulk density specimen. Forming process has strong effect on densification of the specimen and related to the difference of thermal expansion as well. The specimens formed by extrusion obtained almost equivalent bulk density and physical properties as 150 bar pressed specimens. Empirical models were developed based on measured data which related bulk density and thermal expansion. The experimental data were compared to the predicted data of the models.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2043
title: Purification and characterization of piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida

description: NAD[superscript +]-dependent piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.31) producing bacteria were screened from soil and the isolate which produced the highest enzyme activity was identified as Pseudomonas putida. The optimum condition for the enzyme production was 15 hours of cultivation in 0.8% peptone medium, pH 8.0 supplemented with 0.6% L-lysine at 37 ºC. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by 50-60% saturated ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Toyopearl, Butyl-Toyopearl and Hitrap Q column chromatographies with 18.7% yield and 152 purification fold. The enzyme had a molecular mass of about 301 kDa and consisted of 6 identical subunits. The enzyme showed high substrate specificity with piperideine-6-carboxylate. L-Pipecolic acid could act as a substrate. The NAD[superscript +] analog nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide gave 1.2 times higher activity than its natural coenzyme, NAD[superscript +]. The optimum pH was 8.7 and optimum temperature was 45 ºC. The enzyme was stable to a broad pH range of 6.0 to 12.0. No loss of the enzyme activity was observed upon incubation at 45 ºC for 3 hours. The enzyme retained 50% of the activity after incubation at the same temperature for 3 days. The enzyme activity was inactivated completely by CuSO4 and FeSO4 at a final concentration of 1 mM. The apparent K[subscript m] values for L-pipecolic acid and NAD[superscript +] were 1.25 and 0.18 mM, respectively.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2044
title: Pedagogical grammar of Chinese pivotal sentences for Thai university students

description: บทคัดย่อเป็นภาษาจีน
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2045
title: Unit cost analysis of Phnom Penh Heart Center in Campodia : the fiscal year 2006

description: To calculate and analyze cost and unit cost per admission, per bed-day and per visit at Phnom Penh Heart Center in the fiscal year 2006, by focusing on providers’ perspective. Then the result which was obtained from the calculation of the unit cost at Phnom Penh Heart Center was compared to WHO-CHOICE model and some available studies from Thailand to find whether the unit cost was unusually high or low in order to be a guideline for policy makers and Ministry of Finance in budget allocation purpose.The estimated provider cost per patient day at Phnom Penh Heart Center (PPHC) was US$38.1; cost per visit was US$51.9 and cost per admission was US$308.1. Unit cost of WHO-CHOICE model was US$3.39 per visit at OPD and US$12.89 per bed-day at IPD. The average cost per bed day of heart transplantation surgery unit at Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital was US$183.6 and the average cost per bed day of Phnom Penh Heart Center of Cambodia was US$203.5.This study also found that the provider cost for the treatment of heart disease of patients at PPHC- the maximum cost component was the material cost, following in order by the capital cost and labour cost. In PPHC, the percentage of cost shared by material, cost capital cost and labour cost was 45.5%, 27.3% and 27.2% of the total unit cost respectively. The unit cost of both OPD and IPD at PPHC was found higher than the unit cost of OPD and IPD of WHO-CHOICE because the PPHC was a heart surgery hospital. Hence, the cost includes the high cost of medical equipments, while the WHO-CHOICE model is not included the capital cost and salary or wage in the calculated model. In addition, the model of WHO-CHOICE was mainly calculated by all general hospitals in developed and developing countries. Even though the unit costs of PPHC was higher than the WHO-CHOICE project, the average cost per admission of surgery patients at PPHC ($5,087.5) was found lower than the average cost per admission ($11,013.0) of heart transplantation surgery unit at Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Thailand.This study found that sources of finance was 24.8% from donation part, 64.0% from out of pocket payment and 11.2% from the government budget out of the total cost of US$1,992,766.6. The source of finance from the government part is therefore not enough to support the health service at PPHC in 2006.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2046
title: Optimal production and water flooding strategy for multi-layered reservoirs

description: Multi-layered reservoirs comprise several sands interbedding with shale, which are laid down in a variety of depositional environments and subsequent events. As a result, rocks properties and fluids properties in different layers are likely to be different. This thesis intends to investigate the optimal strategy in the oil production of multi-layered reservoirs in a field in Thailand. The reservoirs of interest include new and depleted reservoir compartments, which consist of series of thin sand layers completely separated by impermeable shales. Sand thickness generally ranges from 1 to 5 meters and it is possible that characteristics of reservoir fluids and the rock properties are significantly largely different in each layer. Because it is not simple to effectively and efficiently produce from sand with such a wide variation in fluid and rock properties, it is necessary to investigate strategy to optimize the oil production from this system. The optimal production and waterflooding criterion is the maximum oil recovery within the minimum production time. In this study, a 3D reservoir simulator is used to observe the effects of several parameters on production and waterflooding performance. The parameters which are considered are the bubble point pressure, the oil viscosity, the solution gas-oil ratio, the layer thickness, and the layer permeability.
DOI: 10.21227/pn25-nj87
title: Dataset: Parallel Implementations Assessment of a Spatial-Spectral Classifier for Hyperspectral Clinical Applications

description: Hyperspectral (HS) imaging presents itself as a non-contact, non-ionizing and non-invasive technique, proven to be suitable for medical diagnosis. However, the volume of information contained in these images makes difficult providing the surgeon with information about the boundaries in real-time. To that end, High-Performance-Computing (HPC) platforms become necessary. This paper presents a comparison between the performances provided by five different HPC platforms while processing a spatial-spectral approach to classify HS images, assessing their main benefits and drawbacks. To provide a complete study, two different medical applications, with two different requirements, have been analyzed. The first application consists of HS images taken from neurosurgical operations; the second one presents HS images taken from dermatological interventions. While the main constraint for neurosurgical applications is the processing time, in other environments, as the dermatological one, other requirements can be considered. In that sense, energy efficiency is becoming a major challenge, since this kind of applications are usually developed as hand-held devices, thus depending on the battery capacity. These requirements have been considered to choose the target platforms: on the one hand, three of the most powerful Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) available in the market; and, on the other hand, a low-power GPU and a manycore architecture, both specifically thought for being used in battery-dependent environments.
DOI: 10.21227/wtc0-nm19
title: Dataset: Parallel Implementations Assessment of a Spatial-Spectral Classifier for Hyperspectral Clinical Applications

description: Hyperspectral (HS) imaging presents itself as a non-contact, non-ionizing and non-invasive technique, proven to be suitable for medical diagnosis. However, the volume of information contained in these images makes difficult providing the surgeon with information about the boundaries in real-time. To that end, High-Performance-Computing (HPC) platforms become necessary. This paper presents a comparison between the performances provided by five different HPC platforms while processing a spatial-spectral approach to classify HS images, assessing their main benefits and drawbacks. To provide a complete study, two different medical applications, with two different requirements, have been analyzed. The first application consists of HS images taken from neurosurgical operations; the second one presents HS images taken from dermatological interventions. While the main constraint for neurosurgical applications is the processing time, in other environments, as the dermatological one, other requirements can be considered. In that sense, energy efficiency is becoming a major challenge, since this kind of applications are usually developed as hand-held devices, thus depending on the battery capacity. These requirements have been considered to choose the target platforms: on the one hand, three of the most powerful Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) available in the market; and, on the other hand, a low-power GPU and a manycore architecture, both specifically thought for being used in battery-dependent environments.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2007.2047
title: Thermodynamic study of etherification reactions between gasoline from fluidized catalytic cracking and ethanol

description: This thesis investigates thermodynamic study of etherification reactions between gasoline from fluidized catalytic cracking and ethanol by using a simulation program, Aspen plus version 11.1. The components of gasoline consist of carbon atom ranging from C4-C7. The group contribution methods (i.e. Ambrose’s method, Joback’s method, Gani’s method and Benson’s method) were applied to estimate the missing parameters (e.g. critical pressure, critical temperature, boiling point, stardard Gibb’s free energy of formation). The preliminary selection of group contribution method shows that Gani’s and Joback’s method are well-predicted for normal boiling point, critical temperature and critical pressure. Moreover Gani’s and Benson’s method showed good agreement with the properties from literatures for standard Gibb’s free energy of formation. Also, when applied the group contribution to Aspen plus simulator, Gani’s and Benson’s method yield the results close to those of experiments. However, Gani’s group contribution method cannot distinguish the properties of some components. The result found that 30 vol% of pure ethanol can be added to react with gasoline in order that the obtained product does not exceed the maximum allowable of ethanol in E10. The optimum etherification temperature for pure ethanol is 70°C.