cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.77gr3
title: Data from: Volunteer motivators for participating in HIV vaccine clinical trials in Nairobi, Kenya

description: Article Authors Metrics Comments Related Content Abstract Introduction
 Materials and methods Results Discussion Limitations Conclusion Supporting
 information Acknowledgments References Reader Comments (0) Media Coverage
 (0) Figures Abstract Background: 1.5 million Kenyans are living with
 HIV/AIDS as per 2015 estimates. Though there is a notable decline in new
 HIV infections, continued effort is still needed to develop an
 efficacious, accessible and affordable HIV vaccine. HIV vaccine clinical
 trials bear risks, hence a need to understand volunteer motivators for
 enrolment, retention and follow-up. Understanding the factors that
 motivate volunteers to participate in a clinical trial can help to
 strategize, refine targeting and thus increase enrolment of volunteers in
 future HIV vaccine clinical trials. The health belief model classifies
 motivators into social benefits such as ‘advancing research’ and
 collaboration with science, and personal benefits such as health benefits
 and financial interests. Method: A thematic analysis was carried out on
 data obtained from four HIV clinical trials conducted at KAVI-Institute of
 Clinical Research in Nairobi Kenya from 2009 to 2015. Responses were
 obtained from a Questionnaire administered to the volunteers during their
 screening visit at the research site. Results: Of the 281 healthy,
 HIV-uninfected volunteers participating in this study; 38% were motivated
 by personal benefits including, 31% motivated by health benefits and 7%
 motivated by possible financial gains. In addition, 62% of the volunteers
 were motivated by social benefits with 20% of who were seeking to help
 their family/society/world while 42% were interested in advancing
 research. Conclusion: The majority of volunteers in the HIV vaccine trials
 at our site were motivated by social benefits, suggesting that altruism
 can be a major contributor to participation in HIV vaccine studies.
 Personal benefits were a secondary motivator for the volunteers. The
 motivators to volunteer in HIV clinical trials were similar across ages,
 education level and gender. Education on what is needed (including
 volunteer participation) to develop an efficacious vaccine could be the
 key to greater volunteer motivation to participate in HIV vaccine clinical
 trials.
description: Volunteer Motivators
 DatasetThe data file contains
 the socio-demographic variables of the respondents and their motivators
 which were labelled into recurring themes (codes).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m1s66
title: Data from: Sexual conflict over mating in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) as indicated by experimental manipulation of genitalia

description: Sexual conflict over mating can result in sex specific morphologies and
 behaviors that allow each sex to exert control over the outcome of
 reproduction. Genital traits, in particular, are often directly involved
 in conflict interactions. Via genital manipulation, we experimentally
 investigated whether genital traits in red-sided garter snakes influence
 copulation duration and formation of a copulatory plug. The hemipenes of
 male red-sided garter snakes have a large basal spine that inserts into
 the female cloaca during mating. We ablated the spine and found that males
 were still capable of copulation but copulation duration was much shorter
 and copulatory plugs were smaller than those produced by intact males. We
 also anesthetized the female cloacal region and found that anesthetized
 females copulated longer than control females, suggesting that female
 cloacal and vaginal contractions play a role in controlling copulation
 duration. Both results, combined with known aspects of the breeding
 biology of red-sided garter snakes, strongly support the idea that sexual
 conflict is involved in mating interactions in this species. Our results
 demonstrate the complex interactions among male and female traits
 generated by coevolutionary processes in a wild population. Such
 complexity highlights the importance of simultaneous examination of male
 and female traits.
description: Data Sexual conflict
 over mating in garter snakes Proc B
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j86rt6b
title: Data from: Oyster aquaculture impacts Zostera marina epibiont community composition in Akkeshi-ko estuary, Japan

description: Coastal fisheries are in decline worldwide, and aquaculture has become an
 increasingly popular way to meet seafood demand. While finfish aquaculture
 can have substantial adverse effects on coastal ecosystems due mostly to
 necessary feed inputs, bivalves graze on natural phytoplankton and are
 often considered for their positive ecosystem services. We conducted two
 independent studies to investigate the effects of long-line Crassostrea
 gigas oyster aquaculture on Zostera marina seagrass beds and associated
 epibiont communities in Akkeshi-ko estuary, Japan. Results from both
 studies yielded no evidence of an effect of oyster aquaculture on the
 morphology, density, or biomass of Z. marina, but significant differences
 were apparent in the epibiont community. Reference seagrass beds located
 away from aquaculture had higher seagrass epiphyte loads and higher
 abundances of amphipods. Conversely, seagrass beds below aquaculture lines
 had higher sessile polychaete biomass and higher isopod abundances. Our
 results suggest that the presence of oyster aquaculture may have indirect
 effects on seagrass by changing epibiont community composition and
 relative abundances of species. One proposed mechanism is that cultured
 oysters feed on epiphytic diatoms and epiphyte propagules before they can
 settle on the seagrass, which reduces epiphyte loads and influences
 subsequent faunal settlement. If carefully implemented and monitored,
 long-line oyster aquaculture may be a sustainable option to consider as
 bivalve aquaculture expands to meet global seafood demand, but further
 work is needed to fully assess and generalize the community-level effects
 on seagrass epibionts.
description: SessileEpibiont_MorphologySeagrass morphology data from the Sessile Epibiont study.SessileEpibiont_EpibiontsSeagrass epibiont data by phylla from the Sessile Epibiont study.MobileEpifauna_MorphologySeagrass morphology data between reference and aquaculture areas from the Mobile Epifauna study.MobileEpifauna_ChlAChlorophyll A as a proxy for seagrass epiphyte biomass between reference and aquaculture areas from the Mobile Epifauna study.MobileEpifauna_SOMSediment data between reference and aquaculture areas from the Mobile Epifauna study.MobileEpifauna_EpifaunaSeagrass epifauna between reference and aquaculture areas from the Mobile Epifauna study.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.saa94a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10797 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-20 -38,55 -38,55 38,-20 38,-20 -38))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Crocodylia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10797 records from 77 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001322-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7r1j0d6
title: Data from: Environmental disturbance alters the ecological impact of an invading shrimp

description: 1. Alien species are altering ecosystems around the globe. To predict and
 manage their impacts, the underlying mechanisms need to be understood.
 This is challenging in ecosystems undergoing multiple disturbances as
 unexpected interactions can alter the impact of individual disturbances.
 Such interactions are likely to be common in disturbed ecosystems, but
 have so far received little attention. 2. We investigated whether
 interactions between an invading shrimp Palaemon elegans and another
 human-induced disturbance, the population growth of a native mesopredator,
 the threespine stickleback, influences a third human-induced disturbance,
 the increase in biomass of filamentous algae. Increases in both the native
 mesopredator population and algal biomass have been promoted by
 eutrophication and a trophic cascade triggered by declining predatory fish
 stocks. 3. We used mesocosm and field enclosure experiments, combined with
 analyses of long-term trends in the abundance of the invader and the
 native mesopredator, to dissect the influence of the two species on algal
 biomass when alone and when co-occurring. 4. The impact of the invader on
 algal biomass depended on the native mesopredator; shrimp on their own had
 no effect on algal growth, but mitigated algae accumulation when competing
 with the stickleback for resources. Competition caused the shrimp to shift
 its diet from grazers to algae, and its habitat choice from open to
 vegetated habitats. The native mesopredator, in contrast, increased algal
 biomass irrespective of the presence of the invader, by preying on grazers
 and inducing a trophic cascade. 5. Our results show that the presence of a
 native mesopredator causes an invader to alter its behaviour and thereby
 its ecological impact. This demonstrates that interactions between
 invaders and other anthropogenic disturbances can alter the ecological
 impact of invaders, and, notably, that the impact of invaders can be
 positive and stabilise disturbed ecosystems. These results stress the
 importance of considering interactions among disturbances when
 investigating the ecological impact of alien species.
description: Candolin et al Funct
 Ecol 2018The three data sets of
 the paper
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ymd6ra
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 16 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Lebetanthus myrsinites",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 16 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001325-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hj57p
title: Data from: Food-sharing vampire bats are more nepotistic under conditions of perceived risk

description: Cooperative behaviors exist along a spectrum of cost, from no-risk
 scenarios of mutual benefit to self-sacrificing altruism. Hamilton’s rule
 predicts that as risk increases, cooperative decisions should become
 increasingly kin-biased (nepotistic). To manipulate the perceived risks of
 regurgitated food sharing in captive vampire bats, we created a novel
 “rescue” condition, which required that donors leave their preferred
 roosting location, descend to an illuminated spot on the cage floor, and
 regurgitate food across cage bars to a trapped hungry bat. Vampire bats
 adapted their food sharing to this novel context, but with a dramatic
 reduction in the probability and amount of food sharing. Sixteen of 29
 bats were fed by groupmates when trapped. All 15 starved bats that were
 tested in both trapped and free conditions received less food when
 trapped. Donations to trapped bats came from kin and nonkin, but subjects
 received a greater proportion of their food from closer relatives when
 trapped than when free. This finding supports the prediction that
 nepotistic biases should be exaggerated under dangerous conditions.
description: Data and analysis from
 Food-sharing vampire bats are more nepotistic under conditions of
 perceived riskThis is an R script that
 replicates the analyses in the paper. The data are explained and embedded
 within the script. It can also be read as a .txt file.trapped_bat_analysis7.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dn7hv
title: Data from: Seed-dispersal networks respond differently to resource effects in open and forest habitats

description: While patterns in species diversity have been well studied across
 large-scale environmental gradients, little is known about how
 species' interaction networks change in response to abiotic and
 biotic factors across such gradients. Here we studied seed-dispersal
 networks on 50 study plots distributed over ten different habitat types on
 the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, to disentangle the
 effects of climate, habitat structure, fruit diversity and fruit
 availability on different measures of interaction diversity. We used
 direct observations to record the interactions of frugivorous birds and
 mammals with fleshy-fruited plants and recorded climatic conditions,
 habitat structure, fruit diversity and availability. We found that Shannon
 interaction diversity (H) increased with fruit diversity and availability,
 whereas interaction evenness (EH) and network specialization (H2')
 responded differently to changes in fruit availability depending on
 habitat structure. The direction of the effects of fruit availability on
 EH and H2' differed between open habitats at the mountain base and
 structurally complex habitats in the forest belt. Our findings illustrate
 that interaction networks react differently to changes in environmental
 conditions in different ecosystems. Hence, our findings demonstrate that
 future projections of network structure and associated ecosystem functions
 need to account for habitat differences among ecosystems.
description: OIK_04703_raw_dataTable containing information on interaction diversity measures in seed-dispersal networks of different habitat types on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We assesed Shannon interaction diversity, interaction evenness and Network specialization on a study plot level and collected data of environmental drivers, such as fruit diversity and fruit availability.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8f973
title: Data from: The influence of plant defensive chemicals, diet composition, and winter severity on the nutritional condition of a free-ranging, generalist herbivore

description: When consuming plants, herbivores must deal with both low nutritional
 quality from cell wall constituents and potentially toxic plant secondary
 metabolites, which are often inversely related. Herbivores that consume a
 highly nutritious, but chemically defended plant, may consume high levels
 of toxins that require energy for detoxification. Alternatively,
 herbivores may avoid consuming high levels of toxins by consuming a
 diverse diet that may be lower in overall nutritional quality. In this
 study, we assessed the relationship among nutritional restriction,
 detoxification and diet diversity in a free-ranging wild herbivore. We
 collected urine deposited in the snow (hereafter, snow-urine) and feces by
 free-ranging moose Alces americanus, a generalist browser, during winter.
 We used the ratio of urinary urea nitrogen to creatinine (UN:C), measured
 in snow-urine samples, as an indicator of nutritional restriction, and the
 ratio of glucuronic acid to creatinine (GA:C), as an indicator of
 investment in detoxification. We used microhistology to determine diet
 composition from fecal pellets. GA:C and UN:C were positively associated,
 suggesting that nutritional condition tends to be worse for individuals
 investing more in detoxification. We found, after accounting for the
 influence of winter severity, diet diversity and UN:C to be negatively
 related, suggesting that increasingly diverse diets were associated with
 improved nutritional condition. Overall, the most important predictor of
 UN:C was winter severity and proportion of diet comprised of balsam fir
 Abies balsamea. Physiological indicators of nutritional restriction tended
 to be worse during severe winters and among individuals that had consumed
 more balsam fir. These results highlight complex relationships among
 environmental conditions, foraging decisions, and costs of detoxification
 that can influence nutritional condition of herbivores.
description: dryad_dataData used for analysis for manuscript and figures.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zv5u5u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 214 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Desmostachya bipinnata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 214 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001323-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2dk3c
title: Data from: A new look at Parmotrema madagascariaceum and P. xanthinum in North America

description: Species delimitation in foliose macrolichens has long been dominated by
 chemotaxonomy, resulting in many examples of seemingly morphologically
 identical species that differ only in the secondary metabolites they
 produce. This study examines two such species that are widespread in
 southeastern North America: Parmotrema madagascariaceum (Hue) Hale and
 Parmotrema xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale. Drawing on data from biogeography,
 chemistry, morphology, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear
 ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence data, the two species are
 treated as conspecific. A taxonomic treatment is presented along with a
 discussion of previous studies that have examined the delimitation of
 species that differ only in the presence or absence of compounds that are
 accessories in addition to a primary set of substances present in both
 species.
description: data_packetThis is a zipped folder that contains the following files used in analyses for this study: 1) the molecular alignment in NEXUS format with excluded regions, 2) the input file for Bayesian Inference in NEXUS format, 3) the input file for Maximum Likelihood in PHYLIP format, 4) the alignment of only focal group taxa in NEXUS format.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b4wzug
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2698 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Dichrostachys cinerea"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2698 records from 47 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001324-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8t89m
title: Data from: The alignment between phenotypic plasticity, the major axis of genetic variation and the response to selection

description: Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce more than
 one phenotype in order to match the environment. Recent theory proposes
 that the major axis of genetic variation in a phenotypically plastic
 population can align with the direction of selection. Therefore, theory
 predicts that plasticity directly aids adaptation by increasing genetic
 variation in the direction favoured by selection and reflected in
 plasticity. We evaluated this theory in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia
 pulex, facing predation risk from two contrasting size-selective
 predators. We estimated plasticity in several life-history traits, the G
 matrix of these traits, the selection gradients on reproduction and
 survival, and the predicted responses to selection. Using these data, we
 tested whether the genetic lines of least resistance and the predicted
 response to selection aligned with plasticity. We found predator
 environment-specific G matrices, but shared genetic architecture across
 environments resulted in more constraint in the G matrix than in the
 plasticity of the traits, sometimes preventing alignment of the two.
 However, as the importance of survival selection increased, the difference
 between environments in their predicted response to selection increased
 and resulted in closer alignment between the plasticity and the predicted
 selection response. Therefore, plasticity may indeed aid adaptation to new
 environments.
description: Trat data of Daphnia
 pulexTrait data for
 individual Daphnia pulex from either fish cue- or mideg cue treatment.
 Below follows a description of the column labels: CLONE - the maternal
 clone; POND - the pond from which the clone was collected; CUE TREATMENT -
 the predator cue added to the water; AGE MATURITY - age at maturity
 (days); SIZE MATURITY - the size at maturity (mm), ADULT GROWTH RATE - the
 increase in size as adults (day-1); R - the reproductive fitness
 calculated from the life tabledaphnia.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.40pt8
title: Data from: Bacterial endosymbiont infections in ‘living fossils’: a case study of North American vaejovid scorpions

description: Bacterial endosymbionts are common among arthropods, and maternally
 inherited forms can affect the reproductive and behavioural traits of
 their arthropod hosts. The prevalence of bacterial endosymbionts and their
 role in scorpion evolution have rarely been investigated. In this study,
 61 samples from 40 species of scorpion in the family Vaejovidae were
 screened for the presence of the bacterial endosymbionts Cardinium,
 Rickettsia, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia. No samples were infected by these
 bacteria. However, one primer pair specifically designed to amplify
 Rickettsia amplified nontarget genes of other taxa. Similar off-target
 amplification using another endosymbiont-specific primer was also found
 during preliminary screenings. Results caution against the overreliance on
 previously published screening primers to detect bacterial endosymbionts
 in host taxa and suggest that primer specificity may be higher in primers
 targeting nuclear rather than mitochondrial genes.
description: Off-target
 sequencesSupplemental file with
 off-target sequences obtained using primers designed to specifically
 amplify bacterial endosymbionts. Sequences are in Fasta
 format.Appendix
 S1.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mb14c
title: Data from: The oldest turritelline gastropods: from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) of Kutch, India

description: Turritellid gastropods are important components of many Cretaceous-Recent
 fossil marine faunas worldwide. Their shell is morphologically simple,
 making homoplasy widespread and phylogenetic analysis difficult, but
 fossil and living species can be recognized based on shell characters. For
 many decades, it has been the consensus that the oldest definite
 representatives of Turritellidae are from the lower Cretaceous, and that
 pre-Cretaceous forms are homeomorphs. Some morphological characters of the
 present turritelline species resemble those of mathildoids, but many
 diagnostic characters clearly separate these two groups. We here describe
 and/or redescribe – based on examination of more than 1800 near complete
 specimens -- four species from the Upper Jurassic Dhosa Oolite Member of
 the Chari Formation in Kutch, western India, and demonstrate that they are
 members of Turritellidae, subfamily Turritellinae, on the basis of
 diagnostic characters including apical sculptural ontogeny (obtained from
 SEM study), spiral sculpture, and growth line patterns. The four species
 are in order of abundance, Turritella jadavpuriensis Mitra and Ghosh,
 1979; Turritella amitava new species; Turritella jhuraensis Mitra and
 Ghosh, 1979 and Turritella dhosaensis new species. The turritelline
 assemblages occur only on the northeastern flank of the Jhura dome
 (23°24’47.57”N, 69°36’09.26”E). Age of the Dhosa Oolite has recently been
 confirmed based on multiple ammonite species. All these points indicate
 that these fossils are the oldest record of the family Turritellidae – by
 almost 30 million years – in the world.
description: Appendix
 1The
 coded characters and their different states of turritelline species and
 some mathildidoid species.