cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dt63p
title: Data from: Cold tadpoles from Arctic environments waste less nutrients – high gross growth efficiencies lead to low consumer-mediated nutrient recycling in the North

description: 1. Endothermic organisms can adapt to short growing seasons, low
 temperatures and nutrient limitation by developing high growth rates and
 high gross growth efficiencies (GGEs). Animals with high GGEs are better
 at assimilating limiting nutrients and thus should recycle (or lose) fewer
 nutrients. Longer guts in relation to body mass may facilitate higher GGE
 under resource limitation. 2. Within the context of ecological
 stoichiometry theory, this study combines ecology with evolution by
 relating latitudinal life-history adaptations in GGE, mediated by gut
 length, to its ecosystem consequences, such as consumer-mediated nutrient
 recycling. 3. In common garden experiments, we raised Rana temporaria
 tadpoles from two regions (Arctic/Boreal) under two temperature regimes
 (18/23 °C) crossed with two food quality treatments (high/low-nitrogen
 content). We measured tadpole GGEs, total nutrient loss (excretion +
 egestion) rates and gut length during ontogeny. 4. In order to maintain
 their elemental balance, tadpoles fed low-nitrogen (N) food had lower N
 excretion rates and higher total phosphorous (P) loss rates than tadpoles
 fed high-quality food. In accordance with expectations, Arctic tadpoles
 had higher GGEs and lower N loss rates than their low-latitude
 conspecifics, especially when fed low-N food, but only in ambient
 temperature treatments. Arctic tadpoles also had relatively longer guts
 than Boreal tadpoles during early development. 5. That temperature and
 food quality interacted with tadpole region of origin in affecting tadpole
 GGEs, nutrient loss rates and relative gut length, suggests evolved
 adaptation to temperature and resource differences. With future climate
 change, mean annual temperatures will increase. Additionally, species and
 genotypes will migrate north. This will change the functioning of Boreal
 and Arctic ecosystems by affecting consumer-mediated nutrient recycling
 and thus affect nutrient dynamics in general. Our study shows that evolved
 latitudinal adaption can change key ecosystem functions.
description: Experiment
 1Life
 history and nutrient assimilationExp 1 Liess et
 al.xlsxEpperiment
 2Life
 history and gut length over developmentExp 2 Liess et
 al.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3g0r0
title: Data from: Cost of reproduction: a comparison of survival rates of breeding and non-breeding male ortolan buntings

description: The cost of reproduction is expected to influence survival or future
 reproduction. Most previous studies have assessed cost of reproduction in
 relation to natural and experimental variation in number of offspring
 produced. The ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana is a passerine bird
 species with biparental care, and the Norwegian population of the species
 has an extraordinarily skewed sex ratio with only about half of the males
 attracting a female, and therefore provides a rare opportunity to compare
 survival of males that have paired and bred with that of non-breeders
 (unpaired males), which have not paid a cost of reproduction. Results
 showed that survival rates of paired (65.0%) and unpaired (64.2%) males
 did not differ. However, when comparisons were restricted to paired males
 that definitely had nestlings, their survival rate (76.8%) was
 significantly higher than that of unpaired males, and the same was the
 case when comparisons were further restricted to paired males that had
 offspring recruiting to the population the next year (76.8% survived).
 Males breeding successfully are likely to be a biased subset of high
 quality males. In analyses of a subset of males that had bred successfully
 when young, there was no difference in survival of paired and unpaired
 individuals when these males were older. In conclusion, breeding male
 ortolan buntings did not appear to pay a cost of reproduction in terms of
 reduced survival to the next year compared to non-breeding males. These
 results may be explained by non-breeding males also incurring extra costs
 during the breeding season, and that costs of reproduction are not shared
 equally among sexes in the ortolan bunting and other bird species with
 biparental care.
description: Data for
 JAV00898Data used for JAV00898
 Contains data on 809 male ortolan buntings Columns are: Male ID Year of
 observation (year x) Age category (Min = minimum age, Known = known age
 (ringed as nestling)) Age (2 = 2K+ or 2K etc) Paired? (Yes/No in year x)
 Return year x+1? (Yes/No in year x+1) Nest? (Yes; the male was observed
 with a nest or young) Recruit? (Yes; one or more ringed offspring of the
 male was observed as an adult in year x+1)Dryaddata-JAV00898.xls
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ygw628
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21353 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Rheum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21353 records from 464 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000841-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7gm5
title: Data from: Effects of population size and isolation on heterosis, mean fitness, and inbreeding depression in a perennial plant

description: In small isolated populations, genetic drift is expected to increase
 chance fixation of partly recessive, mildly deleterious mutations,
 reducing mean fitness and inbreeding depression within populations and
 increasing heterosis in outcrosses between populations. We estimated
 relative effective sizes and migration among populations and compared mean
 fitness, heterosis, and inbreeding depression for eight large and eight
 small populations of a perennial plant on the basis of fitness of progeny
 produced by hand pollinations within and between populations. Migration
 was limited, and, consistent with expectations for drift, mean fitness was
 68% lower in small populations; heterosis was significantly greater for
 small (mean = 70%, SE = 14) than for large populations (mean = 7%, SE =
 27); and inbreeding depression was lower, although not significantly so,
 in small (mean = )0.29%, SE = 28) than in large (mean = 0.28%, SE = 23)
 populations. Genetic drift promotes fixation of deleterious mutations in
 small populations, which could threaten their persistence. Limited
 migration will exacerbate drift, but data on migration and effective
 population sizes in natural populations are scarce. Theory incorporating
 realistic vari- ation in population size and patterns of migration could
 better predict genetic threats to small population persistence.
description: OakleyandWinn2010_NewPhyt_dataforDryad
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dpcep7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 72 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Amanita pantherina"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 72 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000845-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vm62n
title: Data from: Phantom alternatives influence food preferences in the eastern honey bee Apis cerana

description: 1. Most models of animal choice behaviour assume that desirable but
 unavailable options, such as a high quality, but inhabited nest site, do
 not influence an individual’s preferences for the remaining options.
 However, experiments suggest that in mammals such ‘phantom’ alternatives
 can alter, and even reverse, an individual’s preferences for other items
 in a choice set. 2. Here we investigate the effect of phantom alternatives
 on feeder preferences in the eastern honey bee, Apis cerana. 3. First, we
 tested the effects of unattractive and attractive phantom by presenting
 individual bees with either a binary choice set containing two feeders
 that differed strongly in two qualities, but were equally preferred
 overall (‘the target’ and ‘the competitor’), or a trinary choice set
 containing the target, the competitor and one of two phantom types
 (unattractive and attractive). Second, we determined whether phantoms
 change preferences between the competitor and target by increasing
 preference towards or away from the phantom-similar available choice. 4.
 Attractive phantoms consistently changed individual bee preferences in
 favour of the phantom-similar choice. 5. Our study shows that the phantom
 alternative effect is not limited to mammals. Moreover, the phantom effect
 can shift individual preference in a consistent and predictable way. Our
 results highlight the importance of considering the potential for phantom
 effects when considering the foraging behaviour of animals in natural
 environments.
description: Experiment 1, Attractive
 and unattractive phantomsThe data shows which
 feeders (A or B) were visited by individual trained
 vees.Attractive and unattarctive for
 DRYAD.xlsExperiment 2 dataset
 DRYADDataset shows bee visits
 to feeders. The first tab shows data from binary trials (option 1 versus
 option 2), and the other tabs show data from ternary trials in which the
 option-1 and option-2 similar phantoms are included
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kb8203f
title: Data from: Logical validation and evaluation of practical feasibility for the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure) test battery developed for young adolescent rugby players in a resource-constrained environment

description: There is a growing impetus towards usage of test batteries in talent
 identification (TID) programmes in rugby. Consequently, there are many
 test batteries in existence profiling anthropometric, physiological
 characteristics and rugby-specific skills. There is no consensus in the
 literature on the constituent variables and corresponding tests required
 to inform TID programs. Following development of a new test battery called
 the SCRuM (School Clinical Rugby Measure), this study aimed at
 establishing face, logical validity and practical feasibility of included
 tests. The test battery, initially comprised of 23 items, had its face and
 logical validity evaluated by five (5) adolescent rugby coaches and 20
 rugby experts, respectively. Logical validation was conducted in two
 questionnaire-based rounds with Content Validity Index (I-CVI) calculated
 for each variable. Subsequently, a cross-sectional study targeting 30
 local rugby coaches was conducted to determine the perceived practical
 feasibility of each test item. The results showed excellent I-CVI
 (&gt;0.78) for 17 variables (speed, weight, height and skin fold
 measures, repeated high-intensity exercise performance ability, prolonged
 high-intensity intermittent running ability, change of direction speed,
 anaerobic capacity, lower-and upper body muscular power and strength,
 muscular flexibility, reactive agility, passing for accuracy, tackling
 proficiency, and catching). However, three tests, namely, Reactive
 Agility, One Repetition Maximum Back Squat and One Repetition Maximum
 Bench Press had low test-feasibility indices (T-FI&lt; 35) suggesting
 practicality concerns with implementation in the Zimbabwean context. Thus,
 these findings suggest the need for substitution or development of new
 practically feasible tests for upper-and lower body muscular strength and
 reactive agility.
description: SCRuM Content validation
 results first partResults for the logical
 or content validation of the SCRuM test battery using local and
 international rugby expertsSCRuM Content validation
 results second partResults for the second
 round content validation study using local and international rugby
 expertsSCRuM Face Validitation
 resultsFace validation of the
 SCRuM test battery using key informantsSCRuM Feasibility
 Assessment resultsResults on practical
 feasibility assessment of the SCRuM test battery using local rugby
 coaches
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gd93s
title: Data from: Disentangling the effects of mating systems and mutation rates on cytoplamic diversity in gynodioecious Silene nutans and dioecious Silene otites

description: Many flowering plant species exhibit a variety of distinct sexual morphs,
 the two most common cases being the co- occurrence of females and males
 (dioecy) or the co-occurrence of hermaphrodites and females (gynodioecy).
 In this study we compared DNA sequence variability of the three genomes
 (nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplastic) of a gynodioecious species,
 Silene nutans, with that of a closely related dioecious species, Silene
 otites. In the light of theoretical models, we expect cytoplasmic
 diversity to differ between the two species due to the selective dynamics
 that acts on cytoplasmic genomes in gynodioecious species: under an
 epidemic scenario, the gynodioecious species is expected to exhibit lower
 cytoplasmic diversity than the dioecious species, while the opposite is
 expected in the case of balancing selection maintaining sterility
 cytoplasms in the gynodioecious species. We found no difference between
 the species for nuclear gene diversity, but, for the cytoplasmic loci, the
 gynodioecious S. nutans had more haplotypes, and higher nucleotide
 diversity, than the dioecious relative, S. otites, even though the latter
 has a relatively high rate of mitochondrial synonymous substitutions, and
 therefore presumably a higher mutation rate. Therefore, since the
 mitochondrial mutation rate cannot account for the higher cytoplasmic
 diversity found in S. nutans, our findings support the hypothesis that
 gynodioecy in S. nutans has been maintained by balancing selection rather
 than by epidemic-like dynamics.
description: Silene nutans and otites
 GSAlignment of
 chloroplastic GS sequenceSilene nutans and otites
 LFAlignment of
 chloroplastic LF sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 matKAlignment of
 chloroplastic matK sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 psbAAlignment of
 chloroplastic psbA sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 cobAlignment of
 mitochondrial cob sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 cox1Alignment of
 mitochondrial cox1 sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 ABCtrpAlignment of nuclear
 ABCtrp sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 ATUBAlignment of nuclear
 ATUB sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 ELFAlignment of nuclear ELF
 sequencesSilene nutans and otites
 X4Alignment of nuclear X4
 sequences
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cf04g
title: Data from: Echolocation detections and digital video surveys provide reliable estimates of the relative density of harbour porpoises

description: 1. Robust estimates of the density or abundance of cetaceans are required
 to support a wide range of ecological studies and inform management
 decisions. Considerable effort has been put into the development of
 line-transect sampling techniques to obtain estimates of absolute density
 from aerial and boat-based visual surveys. Surveys of cetaceans using
 acoustic loggers or digital cameras provide alternative methods to
 estimate relative density that have the potential to reduce cost and
 provide a verifiable record of all detections. However the ability of
 these methods to provide reliable estimates of relative density has yet to
 be established. 2. These methodologies were compared by conducting aerial
 visual line-transect surveys (n=10 days) and digital video strip-transect
 surveys (n=4 days) in the Moray Firth, Scotland. Simultaneous acoustic
 data were collected from moored echolocation detectors (C-PODs) at 58
 locations across the study site. Density surface modelling (DSM) of visual
 survey data was used to estimate spatial variation in relative harbour
 porpoise density on a 4x4 km grid. DSM was also performed on the digital
 survey data, and the resulting model output compared to that from visual
 survey data. Estimates of relative density from visual surveys around
 acoustic monitoring sites were compared with several metrics previously
 used to characterise variation in acoustic detections of echolocation
 clicks. 3. There was a strong correlation between estimates of relative
 density from visual surveys and digital video surveys (Spearman's
 ρ=0.85). A correction to account for animals missed on the transect line
 (previously calculated for visual aerial surveys of harbour porpoise in
 the North Sea (Hammond et al. 2013)) was used to convert relative density
 from the visual surveys to absolute density. This allowed calculation of
 the first estimate of a proxy for detection probability in digital video
 surveys, suggesting that 61% (CV=0.53) of harbour porpoises were detected.
 There was also a strong correlation between acoustic detections and
 density with a Spearman's ρ=0.73 for detection positive hours. 4.
 These results provide confidence in the emerging use of digital video and
 acoustic surveys for studying the density of small cetaceans and their
 responses to environmental and anthropogenic change.
description: Visual_Survey_DataR data file of the visual survey data in distance format. R Code to open the file provided in readme.txtDigital_Survey_DataR data file of the digital survey data in distance format. R Code to open the file provided in readme.txtVisual_vs_Digital_ComparisonData used for bootstrap comparison of visual and digital DSM estimates to calculate the scaling factor for digital surveys.Acoustic_DataData used for comparison of acoustic indices to estimates of relative density from DSM of visual survey data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4769955
title: Data from: Flower movement balances pollinator needs and pollen protection

description: Flower signaling and orientation are key characteristics, which determine
 a flower’s pollinator guild. However, many flowers actively move during
 their daily cycle, changing both their detectability and accessibility to
 pollinators. The flowers of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata orientate
 their corolla upwards at sunset and downwards after sunrise. Here, we
 investigated the effect of different flower orientations on a major
 pollinator of N. attenuata, the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. We found that
 although flower orientation influenced the flight altitude of the moth in
 respect to the flower, it did not alter its overall attractiveness. These
 behavioral observations were consistent with the finding that orientation
 did not systematically change the spatial distribution of floral
 volatiles, which are major attractants for moths. Moreover, moths invested
 the same amount of time into probing flowers at different orientations,
 even though they were only able to feed and take up pollen from
 horizontally and upward oriented flowers, but not from downward facing
 flowers. The orientation of the flower was hence crucial for a successful
 interaction between N. attenuata and its hawkmoth pollinator.
 Additionally, we determined potential adverse effects of exposing flowers
 at different orientations to natural daylight levels, finding that anther
 temperature of upward oriented flowers was more than 7°C higher than for
 downward oriented flowers. This increase in temperature likely caused the
 significantly reduced germination success that was observed for pollen
 grains from upward oriented flowers in comparison to those of downward and
 horizontally oriented flowers. These results highlight the importance of
 flower reorientation to ensure pollen protection, while maintaining the
 association between flower signals and flower accessibility necessary for
 a successful interaction of the plant with its insect pollinators.
description: Haverkamp et al_Benzyl
 acetone emissions at different distancesBenzyl acetone emission
 from flowers at different angles and distancesHaverkamp et al_Flight
 heightFlight height approach
 from Manduca sexta in wind tunnelHaverkamp et al_Flight
 responce_Nectar_PollenManduca response in wind
 tunnel to flowersHaverkamp et al_Flower
 energy calculationPhysical flower energy
 estimation of movementHaverkamp et al_Flower
 temperatureFlower temperature at
 corolla when directly exposed to high energy lamps to mimic light in
 natural habitatHaverkamp et al_Relative
 germination ratePollen germination rate
 after light exposure
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b3t0g38s
title: Data from: Strategic promiscuity helps avoid inbreeding at multiple levels in a cooperative breeder where both sexes are philopatric

description: In cooperative breeders the tension between the opposing forces of
 kin-selection and kin-competition is at its most severe. Although
 philopatry facilitates kin-selection, it also increases the risk of
 inbreeding. When dispersal is limited, extra-pair paternity might be an
 important mechanism to avoid inbreeding, but evidence for this is
 equivocal. The red-winged fairy-wren is part of a genus of cooperative
 breeders with extreme levels of promiscuity and male philopatry, but is
 unique in that females are also strongly philopatric. Here we test the
 hypothesis that promiscuity is an important inbreeding avoidance mechanism
 when both sexes are philopatric. Levels of extra-pair paternity were
 substantial (70% of broods), but did not arise through females mating with
 their helpers, but via extra-group mating. Offspring were more likely to
 be sired by extra-pair males when the social pair was closely related, and
 these extra-pair males were genetically less similar to the female than
 the social male, thus inbreeding is avoided through extra-pair mating.
 Females were consistent in their choice of the extra-pair sire over time
 and preferred early moulting males. Despite neighbouring males often being
 close kin, they sired 37% of extra-pair offspring. However, females that
 gained paternity from neighbours were typically less related to them than
 females that gained paternity further away. Our study is the first to
 suggest that mating with both closely-related social partners and
 neighbours is avoided. Such sophistication in inbreeding avoidance
 strategies is remarkable, since the extreme levels of promiscuity imply
 that social context may provide little cue to relatedness.
description: genotypesgenotype data for M. elegansdryad.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.650
title: Data from: Phylogenetic Relationships of Fig Wasps Pollinating Functionally Dioecious Ficus Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences and Morphology

description: The obligate mutualism between pollinating fig wasps in the family
 Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and Ficus species (Moraceae) is
 often regarded as an example of coevolution but little is known about the
 history of the interaction and understanding the origin of functionally
 dioecious fig pollination has been especially difficult. The phylogenetic
 relationships of fig wasps pollinating functionally dioecious Ficus were
 inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene sequences (mtDNA) and
 morphology. Separate and combined analyses indicated that the pollinators
 of functionally dioecious figs are not monophyletic. However, pollinator
 relationships were generally congruent with host phylogeny and support a
 revised classification of Ficus. Ancestral changes in pollinator
 ovipositor length were also correlated with changes in fig breeding
 system. In particular, the relative elongation of the ovipositor was
 associated with the repeated loss of functionally dioecious pollination.
 The concerted evolution of interacting morphologies may bias estimates of
 phylogeny based on female head characters but homoplasy is not so
 concerted in other morphological traits. The lesser phylogenetic utility
 of morphology compared to mtDNA is not due to rampant convergence in
 morphology but rather to the greater number of potentially informative
 characters in DNA sequence data and patterns of nucleotide substitution
 also limit the utility of mtDNA. None the less, inferring the ancestral
 associations of fig pollinators from the best-supported phylogeny provided
 strong evidence of host conservatism in this highly specialized mutualism.
description: Weiblen Data
 SetWeiblen.nexus