cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6887057.v2
title: <i>Galleria mellonella -</i> a novel infection model for the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex

description: Animal models have long been used in tuberculosis research to understand disease pathogenesis and to evaluate novel vaccine candidates and anti-mycobacterial drugs. However, all have limitations and there is no single animal model which mimics all the aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis seen in humans. Importantly mice, the most commonly used model, do not normally form granulomas, the hallmark of tuberculosis infection. Thus there is an urgent need for the development of new alternative <i>in vivo</i> models. The insect larvae, <i>Galleria mellonella</i> has been increasingly used as a successful, simple, widely available and cost-effective model to study microbial infections. Here we report for the first time that <i>G. mellonella</i> can be used as an infection model for members of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex. We demonstrate a dose-response for <i>G. mellonella</i> survival infected with different inocula of bioluminescent <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG <i>lux</i>, and demonstrate suppression of mycobacterial luminesence over 14 days. Histopathology staining and transmission electron microscopy of infected <i>G. mellonella</i> phagocytic haemocytes show internalization and aggregation of <i>M. bovis</i> BCG <i>lux</i> in granuloma-like structures, and increasing accumulation of lipid bodies within <i>M. bovis</i> BCG <i>lux</i> over time, characteristic of latent tuberculosis infection. Our results demonstrate <i>that G. mellonella</i> can act as a surrogate host to study the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infection and shed light on host-mycobacteria interactions, including latent tuberculosis infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6887057.v1
title: <i>Galleria mellonella -</i> a novel infection model for the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex

description: Animal models have long been used in tuberculosis research to understand disease pathogenesis and to evaluate novel vaccine candidates and anti-mycobacterial drugs. However, all have limitations and there is no single animal model which mimics all the aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis seen in humans. Importantly mice, the most commonly used model, do not normally form granulomas, the hallmark of tuberculosis infection. Thus there is an urgent need for the development of new alternative <i>in vivo</i> models. The insect larvae, <i>Galleria mellonella</i> has been increasingly used as a successful, simple, widely available and cost-effective model to study microbial infections. Here we report for the first time that <i>G. mellonella</i> can be used as an infection model for members of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex. We demonstrate a dose-response for <i>G. mellonella</i> survival infected with different inocula of bioluminescent <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG <i>lux</i>, and demonstrate suppression of mycobacterial luminesence over 14 days. Histopathology staining and transmission electron microscopy of infected <i>G. mellonella</i> phagocytic haemocytes show internalization and aggregation of <i>M. bovis</i> BCG <i>lux</i> in granuloma-like structures, and increasing accumulation of lipid bodies within <i>M. bovis</i> BCG <i>lux</i> over time, characteristic of latent tuberculosis infection. Our results demonstrate <i>that G. mellonella</i> can act as a surrogate host to study the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infection and shed light on host-mycobacteria interactions, including latent tuberculosis infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7491995
title: Lucidone suppresses dengue viral replication through the induction of heme oxygenase-1

description: Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes life-threatening diseases such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic agent or vaccine against DENV infection; hence, there is an urgent need to discover anti-DENV agents. The potential therapeutic efficacy of lucidone was first evaluated <i>in vivo</i> using a DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model by monitoring body weight, clinical score, survival rate, and viral titer. We found that lucidone effectively protected mice from DENV infection by sustaining survival rate and reducing viral titers in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Then, the anti-DENV activity of lucidone was confirmed by western blotting and quantitative-reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 25 ± 3 μM. Lucidone significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production against DENV replication by inhibiting DENV NS2B/3 protease activity to induce the DENV-suppressed antiviral interferon response. The inhibitory effect of lucidone on DENV replication was attenuated by silencing of HO-1 gene expression or blocking HO-1 activity. In addition, lucidone-stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is involved in transactivation of HO-1 expression for its anti-DENV activity. Taken together, the mechanistic investigations revealed that lucidone exhibits significant anti-DENV activity in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> by inducing Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, leading to blockage of viral protease activity to induce the anti-viral interferon (IFN) response. These results suggest that lucidone is a promising candidate for drug development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7491995.v1
title: Lucidone suppresses dengue viral replication through the induction of heme oxygenase-1

description: Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes life-threatening diseases such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic agent or vaccine against DENV infection; hence, there is an urgent need to discover anti-DENV agents. The potential therapeutic efficacy of lucidone was first evaluated <i>in vivo</i> using a DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model by monitoring body weight, clinical score, survival rate, and viral titer. We found that lucidone effectively protected mice from DENV infection by sustaining survival rate and reducing viral titers in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Then, the anti-DENV activity of lucidone was confirmed by western blotting and quantitative-reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 25 ± 3 μM. Lucidone significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production against DENV replication by inhibiting DENV NS2B/3 protease activity to induce the DENV-suppressed antiviral interferon response. The inhibitory effect of lucidone on DENV replication was attenuated by silencing of HO-1 gene expression or blocking HO-1 activity. In addition, lucidone-stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is involved in transactivation of HO-1 expression for its anti-DENV activity. Taken together, the mechanistic investigations revealed that lucidone exhibits significant anti-DENV activity in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> by inducing Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, leading to blockage of viral protease activity to induce the anti-viral interferon (IFN) response. These results suggest that lucidone is a promising candidate for drug development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7491986.v2
title: Altered virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 reassortant viruses in mammalian models

description: Recently identified highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) are relatively low to moderately pathogenic in mammalian hosts compared with HPAI H5N1 viruses. In this study, we generated reassortant viruses comprised of A/MD/Korea/W452/2014(H5N8) with substitution of individual genes from A/EM/Korea/W149/2006(H5N1) to understand the contribution of each viral gene to virulence in mammals. Substituting the PB2 gene segment or the NA gene segment of the H5N8 virus by that from the H5N1 virus resulted in significantly enhanced pathogenicity compared with the parental H5N8 virus in mice. Of note, substitution of the PB2 gene segment of the H5N8 virus by that from the H5N1 virus resulted in a 1000-fold increase in virulence for mice compared with the parental virus (MLD<sub>50</sub> decreased from 10<sup>5.8</sup> to 10<sup>2.5</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>). Further, the W452<sub>W149PB2</sub> virus also induced the highest virus titers in lungs at all time points and the highest levels of inflammatory cytokine responses among all viruses tested. This high virulence phenotype was also confirmed by high viral titers in the respiratory tracts of infected ferrets. Further, a mini-genome assay revealed that W452<sub>W149PB2</sub> has significantly increased polymerase activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Taken together, our study demonstrates that a single gene substitution from other avian influenza viruses can alter the pathogenicity of recent H5N8 viruses, and therefore emphasizes the need for intensive monitoring of reassortment events among co-circulating avian and mammalian viruses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7491986
title: Altered virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 reassortant viruses in mammalian models

description: Recently identified highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) are relatively low to moderately pathogenic in mammalian hosts compared with HPAI H5N1 viruses. In this study, we generated reassortant viruses comprised of A/MD/Korea/W452/2014(H5N8) with substitution of individual genes from A/EM/Korea/W149/2006(H5N1) to understand the contribution of each viral gene to virulence in mammals. Substituting the PB2 gene segment or the NA gene segment of the H5N8 virus by that from the H5N1 virus resulted in significantly enhanced pathogenicity compared with the parental H5N8 virus in mice. Of note, substitution of the PB2 gene segment of the H5N8 virus by that from the H5N1 virus resulted in a 1000-fold increase in virulence for mice compared with the parental virus (MLD<sub>50</sub> decreased from 10<sup>5.8</sup> to 10<sup>2.5</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>). Further, the W452<sub>W149PB2</sub> virus also induced the highest virus titers in lungs at all time points and the highest levels of inflammatory cytokine responses among all viruses tested. This high virulence phenotype was also confirmed by high viral titers in the respiratory tracts of infected ferrets. Further, a mini-genome assay revealed that W452<sub>W149PB2</sub> has significantly increased polymerase activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Taken together, our study demonstrates that a single gene substitution from other avian influenza viruses can alter the pathogenicity of recent H5N8 viruses, and therefore emphasizes the need for intensive monitoring of reassortment events among co-circulating avian and mammalian viruses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7491986.v1
title: Altered virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 reassortant viruses in mammalian models

description: Recently identified highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) are relatively low to moderately pathogenic in mammalian hosts compared with HPAI H5N1 viruses. In this study, we generated reassortant viruses comprised of A/MD/Korea/W452/2014(H5N8) with substitution of individual genes from A/EM/Korea/W149/2006(H5N1) to understand the contribution of each viral gene to virulence in mammals. Substituting the PB2 gene segment or the NA gene segment of the H5N8 virus by that from the H5N1 virus resulted in significantly enhanced pathogenicity compared with the parental H5N8 virus in mice. Of note, substitution of the PB2 gene segment of the H5N8 virus by that from the H5N1 virus resulted in a 1000-fold increase in virulence for mice compared with the parental virus (MLD<sub>50</sub> decreased from 10<sup>5.8</sup> to 10<sup>2.5</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>). Further, the W452<sub>W149PB2</sub> virus also induced the highest virus titers in lungs at all time points and the highest levels of inflammatory cytokine responses among all viruses tested. This high virulence phenotype was also confirmed by high viral titers in the respiratory tracts of infected ferrets. Further, a mini-genome assay revealed that W452<sub>W149PB2</sub> has significantly increased polymerase activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Taken together, our study demonstrates that a single gene substitution from other avian influenza viruses can alter the pathogenicity of recent H5N8 viruses, and therefore emphasizes the need for intensive monitoring of reassortment events among co-circulating avian and mammalian viruses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25459078
title: Supplementary Material for: Feature Importance Analysis and Machine Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Early Detection: Feature Fusion of Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex, and Standardized Uptake Value Ratio

description: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by mild memory loss and ranks as a leading cause of mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately 120,000 deaths per year. It is also the primary form of dementia. Early detection is critical for timely intervention, as the neurodegenerative process often starts 15 to 20 years before cognitive symptoms manifest. This study focuses on determining feature importance in AD classification using fused texture features from 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3DMRI) hippocampal and entorhinal cortex, and Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) derived from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images. Methods: To achieve this objective, we employed four distinct classifiers (Linear Support Vector Classification (L-SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Logistic Regression (LR), and Logistic Regression Classifier with Stochastic Gradient Descent Learning (LRSGD)). These classifiers were used to derive both average and top-ranked importance scores for each feature based on their outputs. Our framework is designed to distinguish between two classes AD-negative (or mild cognitive impairment stable (MCIs): MCI stable) and AD-positive (or MCIc: MCI conversion) classes using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifier and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Results: The findings from the feature importance highlight the crucial role of the GLCM texture features extracted from the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, demonstrating their superior performance compared to the volume and SUVR. GLCM-texture AD classification achieved approximately 90% sensitivity in identifying MCIc cases while maintaining low false positives (below 30%) when fused with other features. Moreover, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves validate the GLCMs’ superior performance in distinguishing between MCIs and MCIc. Additionally, fusing different types of features improved classification performance compared to relying solely on any single feature category. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of GLCM texture features in early Alzheimer's detection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25459078.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Feature Importance Analysis and Machine Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Early Detection: Feature Fusion of Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex, and Standardized Uptake Value Ratio

description: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by mild memory loss and ranks as a leading cause of mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately 120,000 deaths per year. It is also the primary form of dementia. Early detection is critical for timely intervention, as the neurodegenerative process often starts 15 to 20 years before cognitive symptoms manifest. This study focuses on determining feature importance in AD classification using fused texture features from 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3DMRI) hippocampal and entorhinal cortex, and Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) derived from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images. Methods: To achieve this objective, we employed four distinct classifiers (Linear Support Vector Classification (L-SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Logistic Regression (LR), and Logistic Regression Classifier with Stochastic Gradient Descent Learning (LRSGD)). These classifiers were used to derive both average and top-ranked importance scores for each feature based on their outputs. Our framework is designed to distinguish between two classes AD-negative (or mild cognitive impairment stable (MCIs): MCI stable) and AD-positive (or MCIc: MCI conversion) classes using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifier and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Results: The findings from the feature importance highlight the crucial role of the GLCM texture features extracted from the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, demonstrating their superior performance compared to the volume and SUVR. GLCM-texture AD classification achieved approximately 90% sensitivity in identifying MCIc cases while maintaining low false positives (below 30%) when fused with other features. Moreover, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves validate the GLCMs’ superior performance in distinguishing between MCIs and MCIc. Additionally, fusing different types of features improved classification performance compared to relying solely on any single feature category. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of GLCM texture features in early Alzheimer's detection.
DOI: 10.3886/e199182
title: Happiness signaling

description: The factors that determine the prices of goods and services are within the core inquiry ofeconomic science. Do consumer’s emotions affect seller’s selling prices? The current studyexplores this issue through six field studies. The first four studies focus on happiness,demonstrating for the first time that happiness signals affect the prices of products and services.Happy customers are offered to pay lower price for goods–cellphones and bicycles–and forrelated services. The results are relevant both in face-to-face and online interactions and inbetween—and within—subject designs, implying that extended real income is another objectivebenefit of individual happiness. Two additional experiments do not show the same effect whenother emotions–anger and disgust–are signaled by the consumer. We present a formal modelfor the positive happiness premium and discuss the welfare implications of our findings.
DOI: 10.3886/e199182v1
title: Happiness signaling

description: The factors that determine the prices of goods and services are within the core inquiry ofeconomic science. Do consumer’s emotions affect seller’s selling prices? The current studyexplores this issue through six field studies. The first four studies focus on happiness,demonstrating for the first time that happiness signals affect the prices of products and services.Happy customers are offered to pay lower price for goods–cellphones and bicycles–and forrelated services. The results are relevant both in face-to-face and online interactions and inbetween—and within—subject designs, implying that extended real income is another objectivebenefit of individual happiness. Two additional experiments do not show the same effect whenother emotions–anger and disgust–are signaled by the consumer. We present a formal modelfor the positive happiness premium and discuss the welfare implications of our findings.
DOI: 10.48328/tudatalib-1388.2
title: German Mayors, environmental and integration policy priorities

description: The dataset consists of anonymized survey data from 585 German mayors. Data included: mayor party membership, assessment of two policy priorities, six context variables, self-assessed ideology position, age, gender, education and council shares by parties.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10846812
title: ADCP Gothenburg 2018

description: Note: This is version two of the data set. In a previous version (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066997), the vertical beam velocities were missing.

A bottom mounted mooring with a fixed upward-looking Nortek Signature 500 ADCP was deployed under the ship lane to Gothenburg Harbour at 32 m depth, position (57.61178 N, 11.66102 E) in the period 28 August to 25 September 2018. The ADCP was set up to measure and store single ping, along beam current velocities, using four slanted beams (25° angle) and one vertical beam (ping frequency 1 Hz, vertical cell size 1 m on all beams). The instrument was set up with 38 bins numbered from 1 to 38 with #1 closest to the instrument centered 1 m above the transducers.

The data set contains raw data from the instrument, converted to csv format with the Nortek Deployment software.

Processing: This is raw data, so no processing has been performed.

Notes:

- Beam #2 is not working, so those data do not make sense.

- Data from about 10% of the depth below the surface and above should not be used.

Files: 

*#B0_#.csv: Data from the four slanted beams. Each row is one ping. Header in first row.

*#IB0_#.csv: Data from the vertical beam. Each row is one ping. Header in first row.

Parameters:

DateTime: Date and time in format MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss

Ensemble: Ping number

Battery: Battery voltage

Heading: Instrument heading in deg.

Pitch: Instrument pitch in deg.

Roll: Instrument roll in deg.

Pressure: Pressure in dBar

Temperature: Temperature in deg C.

Vel#N: Vertical beam velocity (m/s) for bin N

VelM#N: Beam velocity (m/s) for beam M and bin N 

Amp#N: Vetical beam amplitude for bin N

AmpM#N: Beam amplitude for beam M and bin N 

CorrM#N: Correlation for beam M and bin N 

AltimeterDistanceLE: Distance from transducer to surface (m)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5066996
title: ADCP Gothenburg 2018

description: Note: This is version two of the data set. In a previous version (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066997), the vertical beam velocities were missing.

A bottom mounted mooring with a fixed upward-looking Nortek Signature 500 ADCP was deployed under the ship lane to Gothenburg Harbour at 32 m depth, position (57.61178 N, 11.66102 E) in the period 28 August to 25 September 2018. The ADCP was set up to measure and store single ping, along beam current velocities, using four slanted beams (25° angle) and one vertical beam (ping frequency 1 Hz, vertical cell size 1 m on all beams). The instrument was set up with 38 bins numbered from 1 to 38 with #1 closest to the instrument centered 1 m above the transducers.

The data set contains raw data from the instrument, converted to csv format with the Nortek Deployment software.

Processing: This is raw data, so no processing has been performed.

Notes:

- Beam #2 is not working, so those data do not make sense.

- Data from about 10% of the depth below the surface and above should not be used.

Files: 

*#B0_#.csv: Data from the four slanted beams. Each row is one ping. Header in first row.

*#IB0_#.csv: Data from the vertical beam. Each row is one ping. Header in first row.

Parameters:

DateTime: Date and time in format MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss

Ensemble: Ping number

Battery: Battery voltage

Heading: Instrument heading in deg.

Pitch: Instrument pitch in deg.

Roll: Instrument roll in deg.

Pressure: Pressure in dBar

Temperature: Temperature in deg C.

Vel#N: Vertical beam velocity (m/s) for bin N

VelM#N: Beam velocity (m/s) for beam M and bin N 

Amp#N: Vetical beam amplitude for bin N

AmpM#N: Beam amplitude for beam M and bin N 

CorrM#N: Correlation for beam M and bin N 

AltimeterDistanceLE: Distance from transducer to surface (m)