DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx1x
title: Data from: The role of rivers as geographical barriers in shaping genetic differentiation and diversity of Neotropical primates

description: We quantitatively tested the riverine barrier hypothesis and its influence
 on biogeographical distributions and molecular variation in New World
 monkeys (Parvorder: Platyrrhini). Using mitochondrial markers (cytochrome
 oxidase subunit II and cytochrome b), we analyzed taxonomic differences
 and the effects of geographical barriers on molecular patterns across
 Central and South America. Nearly 80% of described species are separated
 by geographical barriers, including several mountain chains. River width
 exhibited a negative correlation with molecular similarity in adjacent
 taxa for both molecular markers. Several presently described taxa were not
 supported based solely on these molecular phylogenetic markers, including
 Saimiri, Mico, Cebus, Sapajus, and Cherecebus. These taxonomic issues are
 far more common where river barriers do not exist. In conclusion, we found
 a significant correlation between river width and molecular divergence in
 adjacent taxa, indicating that wider rivers were associated with greater
 molecular divergence for two commonly used mitochondrial genes. Species
 boundaries were predominantly found at river interfaces, and in the
 absence of discernable geological barriers, adjoining species were more
 likely to exhibit molecular similarity. Our findings suggest that river
 and mountain barriers are significantly associated with gene flow for
 neotropical primate taxa. Additionally, river width proves to be a
 valuable tool for estimating molecular divergence in adjacent taxa,
 particularly in regions with limited sampling.
description: All molecular data and associated sampling locations used in the
 main river barrier analysis were obtained from NCBI
 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Partial mitochondrial sequences (i.e.,
 cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit II) were trimmed to the
 smallest consensus size for both overall phylogenetic analysis and
 analysis between adjacent or sympatric taxonomic groups. A minimum of
 200bp sequence and a maximum of 1104bp were available. The two
 mitochondrial genes were not concatenated but analyzed separately to
 independently verify results since sequence data was not necessarily
 available from the same individuals and for the same taxonomic
 groups. 
description: # Data from: The role of rivers as geographical barriers in shaping
 genetic differentiation and diversity of Neotropical primates
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx1x](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx1x) ## Description of the data and file structure The mitochondrial sequences were trimmed to the smallest consensus size to ensure consistency in downstream analysis. Sequence lengths ranged from a minimum of 200 base pairs (bp) to a maximum of 1104 bp. This range was used to standardize the dataset for both general phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of adjacent or sympatric taxonomic groups. To independently validate the results and minimize biases associated with sequence availability, the two mitochondrial genes (cytb and COII) were analyzed separately. Since sequence data was not always available for the same individuals or taxonomic groups, concatenation of the two genes was avoided, ensuring that each gene's contribution to the analysis could be verified independently. These molecular data and sampling locations were critical in understanding the genetic structure and potential impact of river barriers on the distribution and phylogeny of the studied taxa. ### Files and variables #### File: Main\_COII\_platyrrhini.docx **Description:** cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) mitochondrional sequences from Platyrrhini #### File: Main\_CYTB\_Platyrhini.docx **Description:** cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (cytb) mitochondrional sequences from Platyrrhini ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) Data was derived from the following sources: Adkins, R. M., & Honeycutt, R. L. (1994). Evolution of the primate cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 38, 215-231. Alfaro, J. W. L., Boubli, J. P., Paim, F. P., Ribas, C. C., da Silva, M. N. F., Messias, M. R., ... & Farias, I. P. (2015). 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