cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266457.v1
title: MATERIAL CAUSE AND SYLLOGISTIC NECESSITY IN POSTERIOR ANALYTICS II 11

description: Abstract The paper examines Posterior Analytics II 11, 94a20-36 and makes three points. (1) The confusing formula ‘given what things, is it necessary for this to be’ [τίνων ὄντων ἀνάγκη τοῦτ᾿ εἶναι] at a21-22 introduces material cause, not syllogistic necessity. (2) When biological material necessitation is the only causal factor, Aristotle is reluctant to formalize it in syllogistic terms, and this helps to explain why, in II 11, he turns to geometry in order to illustrate a kind of material cause that can be expressed as the middle term of an explanatory syllogism. (3) If geometrical proof is viewed as a complex construction built on simpler constructions, it can in effect be described as a case of purely material constitution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11267831.v1
title: ARISTOTLE ON PREDICATION AND DEMONSTRATION

description: Abstract I argue against the standard interpretation of Aristotle’s account of ‘natural predication’ in Posterior Analytics 1.19 and 1.22 according to which only substances can serve as subjects in such predications. I argue that this interpretation cannot accommodate a number of demonstrations Aristotle sanctions. I propose a new interpretation that can accommodate them.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279588.v1
title: MOORE’S PARADOX AND THE LOGIC OF BELIEF

description: Abstract Moore’s Paradox is a test case for any formal theory of belief. In Knowledge and Belief, Hintikka developed a multimodal logic for statements that express sentences containing the epistemic notions of knowledge and belief. His account purports to offer an explanation of the paradox. In this paper I argue that Hintikka’s interpretation of one of the doxastic operators is philosophically problematic and leads to an unnecessarily strong logical system. I offer a weaker alternative that captures in a more accurate way our logical intuitions about the notion of belief without sacrificing the possibility of providing an explanation for problematic cases such as Moore’s Paradox.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10026413
title: COMPUTER SIMULATIONS IN METAPHYSICS: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS

description: Abstract Computer models and simulations have provided enormous benefits to researchers in the natural and social sciences, as well as many areas of philosophy. However, to date, there has been little attempt to use computer models in the development and evaluation of metaphysical theories. This is a shame, as there are good reasons for believing that metaphysics could benefit just as much from this practice as other disciplines. In this paper I assess the possibilities and limitations of using computer models in metaphysics. I outline the way in which different kinds of model could be useful for different areas of metaphysics, and I illustrate in more detail how agent-based models specifically could be used to model two well-known theories of laws: David Lewis’s "Best System Account" and David Armstrong's "Nomic Necessitation" view. Some logically possible processes cannot be simulated on a standard computing device. I finish by assessing how much of a threat this is to the prospect of metaphysical modeling in general.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10026413.v1
title: COMPUTER SIMULATIONS IN METAPHYSICS: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS

description: Abstract Computer models and simulations have provided enormous benefits to researchers in the natural and social sciences, as well as many areas of philosophy. However, to date, there has been little attempt to use computer models in the development and evaluation of metaphysical theories. This is a shame, as there are good reasons for believing that metaphysics could benefit just as much from this practice as other disciplines. In this paper I assess the possibilities and limitations of using computer models in metaphysics. I outline the way in which different kinds of model could be useful for different areas of metaphysics, and I illustrate in more detail how agent-based models specifically could be used to model two well-known theories of laws: David Lewis’s "Best System Account" and David Armstrong's "Nomic Necessitation" view. Some logically possible processes cannot be simulated on a standard computing device. I finish by assessing how much of a threat this is to the prospect of metaphysical modeling in general.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279588
title: MOORE’S PARADOX AND THE LOGIC OF BELIEF

description: Abstract Moore’s Paradox is a test case for any formal theory of belief. In Knowledge and Belief, Hintikka developed a multimodal logic for statements that express sentences containing the epistemic notions of knowledge and belief. His account purports to offer an explanation of the paradox. In this paper I argue that Hintikka’s interpretation of one of the doxastic operators is philosophically problematic and leads to an unnecessarily strong logical system. I offer a weaker alternative that captures in a more accurate way our logical intuitions about the notion of belief without sacrificing the possibility of providing an explanation for problematic cases such as Moore’s Paradox.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279590
title: Time, Fission, Fusion: An Argument against the Block Universe with Endurance

description: ABSTRACT Many philosophers believe in the Block Universe containing all objects and events - those that we intuitively call past, present, and future. But some of those who endorse this ontology of time also believe that objects persist by enduring - by being present in their entirety at all moments at which they exist. This combination of views, the Block Universe with Endurance, has survived the initial assault of the problem of temporary intrinsics and of several later objections. But I argue that the Block Universe with Endurance fails to account for a striking feature of our temporal experience and must be rejected in favor of the Block Universe with Exdurance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279593
title: PERCEPTION, ATTENTION AND DEMONSTRATIVE THOUGHT: IN DEFENSE OF A HYBRID METASEMANTIC MECHANISM

description: Abstract Demonstrative thoughts are distinguished by the fact that their contents are determined relationally, via perception, rather than descriptively. Therefore, a fundamental task of a theory of demonstrative thought is to elucidate how facts about visual perception can explain how these thoughts come to have the contents that they do. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how cognitive psychology may help us solve this metasemantic question, through empirical models of visual processing. Although there is a dispute between attentional and non-attentional models concerning the best metasemantic mechanism for demonstrative thoughts, in this paper I will argue in favor of a hybrid model, which combines both types of processes. In this picture, attentional and non-attentional mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and each plays a specific role in determining the singular content of demonstrative thoughts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279593.v1
title: PERCEPTION, ATTENTION AND DEMONSTRATIVE THOUGHT: IN DEFENSE OF A HYBRID METASEMANTIC MECHANISM

description: Abstract Demonstrative thoughts are distinguished by the fact that their contents are determined relationally, via perception, rather than descriptively. Therefore, a fundamental task of a theory of demonstrative thought is to elucidate how facts about visual perception can explain how these thoughts come to have the contents that they do. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how cognitive psychology may help us solve this metasemantic question, through empirical models of visual processing. Although there is a dispute between attentional and non-attentional models concerning the best metasemantic mechanism for demonstrative thoughts, in this paper I will argue in favor of a hybrid model, which combines both types of processes. In this picture, attentional and non-attentional mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and each plays a specific role in determining the singular content of demonstrative thoughts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266505
title: KATH’ HAUTA PREDICATES AND THE ‘COMMENSURATE UNIVERSALS’

description: Abstract What lies behind Aristotle’s declarations that an attribute or feature that is demonstrated to belong to a scientific subject is proper to that subject? The answer is found in APo. 2.8-10, if we understand these chapters as bearing not only on Aristotle theory of definition but also as clarifying the logical structure of demonstration in general. If we identify the basic subjects with what has no different cause, and demonstrable attributes (the kath’ hauta sumbebēkota) with what do have ‘a different cause’, the definitions of demonstrable attributes necessarily have the minor terms of the appropriate demonstrations in their definitions, for which reason the subjects and demonstrable attributes are coextensive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279596
title: BOOK SYMPOSIUM: NUNO VENTURINHA. Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018, 120 pages)

description: Abstract This book symposium comprises a précis of Nuno Venturinha’s Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018) together with four critical commentaries on different aspects of the book by Marcelo Carvalho, João Vergílio Gallerani Cuter, Marcos Silva and Darlei Dall’Agnol, and the author’s replies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266451
title: AVOIDING INFINITE REGRESS: POSTERIOR ANALYTICS I 22

description: Abstract This article offers a reconstruction of an argument against infinite regress formulated by Aristotle in Posterior Analytics I 22. I argue against the traditional interpretation of the chapter, according to which singular terms and summa genera, in virtue of having restrict logical roles, provide limits for predicative chains, preventing them from proceeding ad infinitum. As I intend to show, this traditional reading is at odds with some important aspects of Aristotle’s theory of demonstration. More importantly, it fails to explain how his proof is connected to a defence of the existence of ultimate explanations, a connection that must be the case if I 19-22 is advancing a foundationalist way-out to a sceptical challenge raised in I 3.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279590.v1
title: Time, Fission, Fusion: An Argument against the Block Universe with Endurance

description: ABSTRACT Many philosophers believe in the Block Universe containing all objects and events - those that we intuitively call past, present, and future. But some of those who endorse this ontology of time also believe that objects persist by enduring - by being present in their entirety at all moments at which they exist. This combination of views, the Block Universe with Endurance, has survived the initial assault of the problem of temporary intrinsics and of several later objections. But I argue that the Block Universe with Endurance fails to account for a striking feature of our temporal experience and must be rejected in favor of the Block Universe with Exdurance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279596.v1
title: BOOK SYMPOSIUM: NUNO VENTURINHA. Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018, 120 pages)

description: Abstract This book symposium comprises a précis of Nuno Venturinha’s Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018) together with four critical commentaries on different aspects of the book by Marcelo Carvalho, João Vergílio Gallerani Cuter, Marcos Silva and Darlei Dall’Agnol, and the author’s replies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266451.v1
title: AVOIDING INFINITE REGRESS: POSTERIOR ANALYTICS I 22

description: Abstract This article offers a reconstruction of an argument against infinite regress formulated by Aristotle in Posterior Analytics I 22. I argue against the traditional interpretation of the chapter, according to which singular terms and summa genera, in virtue of having restrict logical roles, provide limits for predicative chains, preventing them from proceeding ad infinitum. As I intend to show, this traditional reading is at odds with some important aspects of Aristotle’s theory of demonstration. More importantly, it fails to explain how his proof is connected to a defence of the existence of ultimate explanations, a connection that must be the case if I 19-22 is advancing a foundationalist way-out to a sceptical challenge raised in I 3.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266505.v1
title: KATH’ HAUTA PREDICATES AND THE ‘COMMENSURATE UNIVERSALS’

description: Abstract What lies behind Aristotle’s declarations that an attribute or feature that is demonstrated to belong to a scientific subject is proper to that subject? The answer is found in APo. 2.8-10, if we understand these chapters as bearing not only on Aristotle theory of definition but also as clarifying the logical structure of demonstration in general. If we identify the basic subjects with what has no different cause, and demonstrable attributes (the kath’ hauta sumbebēkota) with what do have ‘a different cause’, the definitions of demonstrable attributes necessarily have the minor terms of the appropriate demonstrations in their definitions, for which reason the subjects and demonstrable attributes are coextensive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279597
title: LEIBNIZ ON FORCE, CAUSE AND SUBJECT OF MOTION: FROM DE CORPORUM CONCURSU (1678) TO THE BREVIS DEMONSTRATIO (1686)

description: Abstract In the present paper we study the relationship between the notions of force, cause and subject of motion in Leibniz’s early dynamics. First, we specify the role that the problem of the subject and cause of motion played in the development of his dynamics. Second, we analyze the distinction between force and quantity of motion and the validity and limits of his proof. Third, we study and evaluate the limits of the arguments for establishing that forces are inherent to bodies. Our main goal is to show that between 1678 and 1686 Leibniz dissociates the problem of the subject from the problem of the cause of motion and, furthermore, that even though the problem of establishing that force is inherent to particular bodies played a major role in the discovery of his dynamics, it has no place in its justification.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279597.v1
title: LEIBNIZ ON FORCE, CAUSE AND SUBJECT OF MOTION: FROM DE CORPORUM CONCURSU (1678) TO THE BREVIS DEMONSTRATIO (1686)

description: Abstract In the present paper we study the relationship between the notions of force, cause and subject of motion in Leibniz’s early dynamics. First, we specify the role that the problem of the subject and cause of motion played in the development of his dynamics. Second, we analyze the distinction between force and quantity of motion and the validity and limits of his proof. Third, we study and evaluate the limits of the arguments for establishing that forces are inherent to bodies. Our main goal is to show that between 1678 and 1686 Leibniz dissociates the problem of the subject from the problem of the cause of motion and, furthermore, that even though the problem of establishing that force is inherent to particular bodies played a major role in the discovery of his dynamics, it has no place in its justification.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279602
title: VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL L. AND APULEIA LEIOCARPA (VOGEL) J. F. MACBR. BY MINI-CUTTING

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá) and Apuleia leiocarpa (garapa) using the mini-cutting technique with the use of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth regulator in different types of mini-cuttings. Two experiments were set up: the first involving the two species and three mini-cutting techniques (basal, intermediate and apical) in the presence and absence of IBA (4000 mg kg-1). In the second experiment, only the garapa species was evaluated by testing the same three mini-cutting techniques at four IBA concentrations: 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg-1. The mini-cuttings were obtained from 6-month-old seedlings produced from seeds in a nursery. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, two IBA concentration levels and three evaluation dates) in the first experiment, and a 3 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, four IBA concentrations and three evaluation dates) in the second experiment. At 90 days, jatobá had an average survival of 54%, with less than 5% of total rooting, without significant influence of the mini-cutting technique or IBA use. Garapa presented higher survival for the basal mini-cuttings in both experiments, which were the only ones that took root. IBA did not influence survival or rooting percentage of garapa mini-cuttings, but negatively influenced the root number, length and dry mass. We concluded that the basal mini-cutting is a viable technique for vegetative propagation of garapa, presenting 40% of rooting, but the propagation by mini-cutting for jatobá was not successful under the conditions of this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279605
title: ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FOUR CHARCOAL PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS FROM MINAS GERAIS STATE

description: ABSTRACT This work analyzed the economic viability of four charcoal productive systems from Minas Gerais state, namely: fornos-fornalha, rabo-quente, encosta and superfície. The evaluated systems have an estimated productive capacity of about 100 cubic meters of charcoal per month. Implementation and maintenance expenses and productive parameters were obtained in the literature and from local producers of Lamim (MG), a productive center in the state, during the year of 2018. Silvicultural costs were not considered, only the wood purchase. For the economic evaluation, Net Present Value (NPV), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), Payback, capex and opex were analyzed, and it was also evaluated the systems’ economic sensitivity to charcoal price and gravimetric yield variations. The main results showed that all the systems were economically viable by NPV criteria; only rabo-quente system was not viable by MIRR criteria; fornos-fornalha system presented the best economic results, greater capacity of net revenues and free cash flow generation, and lower operational expenses. This productive system was also less sensitive to charcoal price fluctuations and to its charcoal yield reduction. Given this fact, its insertion may be attractive in the productive reality of small and medium producers. In addition, the possibility of selling charcoal fines resulted in improvements in economic indicators, especially for traditional production systems: rabo-quente and encosta.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279605.v1
title: ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FOUR CHARCOAL PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS FROM MINAS GERAIS STATE

description: ABSTRACT This work analyzed the economic viability of four charcoal productive systems from Minas Gerais state, namely: fornos-fornalha, rabo-quente, encosta and superfície. The evaluated systems have an estimated productive capacity of about 100 cubic meters of charcoal per month. Implementation and maintenance expenses and productive parameters were obtained in the literature and from local producers of Lamim (MG), a productive center in the state, during the year of 2018. Silvicultural costs were not considered, only the wood purchase. For the economic evaluation, Net Present Value (NPV), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), Payback, capex and opex were analyzed, and it was also evaluated the systems’ economic sensitivity to charcoal price and gravimetric yield variations. The main results showed that all the systems were economically viable by NPV criteria; only rabo-quente system was not viable by MIRR criteria; fornos-fornalha system presented the best economic results, greater capacity of net revenues and free cash flow generation, and lower operational expenses. This productive system was also less sensitive to charcoal price fluctuations and to its charcoal yield reduction. Given this fact, its insertion may be attractive in the productive reality of small and medium producers. In addition, the possibility of selling charcoal fines resulted in improvements in economic indicators, especially for traditional production systems: rabo-quente and encosta.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279606
title: TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION IN A SECONDARY BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST SUGGESTS SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

description: ABSTRACT The diameter distribution of a forest makes it possible to understand its ecological processes and to define actions related to forest management aiming at forest conservation, biodiversity increase, production, and carbon sequestration, among others. This study aimed to identify variation in the diameter distribution in a secondary Atlantic Forest, as a function of sites, over 24 years. The diameter at 1.3 m in height (dbh) was measured for each tree over 5.0 cm dbh, in ten sites, from 1992 to 2016. It was analyzed the quadratic mean diameter (Dq), the Dq annual periodic increment (APIDq), the Liocourt’s Quotient (q), and the diameter distribution with Meyer’s exponential model. The average APIDq over 24 years was 0.03 cm year-1, an average increase of 0.21%, with site variation ranging from 0.74% to -0.45%. The diameter distribution of the forest as a whole maintained the reverse J-shaped over 24-years. When the sites in each inventory year were analyzed, the variation in the diameter distribution was evident, and there were differences in the recovery capacity of the reverse J-shaped distribution from 1992 to 2016. The overall results indicate that, whenever possible, the management plan to recover the structure of the Atlantic Forest remnants should be site-specific, particularly in the mountainous region where the environmental conditions are quite diverse.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279602.v1
title: VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL L. AND APULEIA LEIOCARPA (VOGEL) J. F. MACBR. BY MINI-CUTTING

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá) and Apuleia leiocarpa (garapa) using the mini-cutting technique with the use of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth regulator in different types of mini-cuttings. Two experiments were set up: the first involving the two species and three mini-cutting techniques (basal, intermediate and apical) in the presence and absence of IBA (4000 mg kg-1). In the second experiment, only the garapa species was evaluated by testing the same three mini-cutting techniques at four IBA concentrations: 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg-1. The mini-cuttings were obtained from 6-month-old seedlings produced from seeds in a nursery. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, two IBA concentration levels and three evaluation dates) in the first experiment, and a 3 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, four IBA concentrations and three evaluation dates) in the second experiment. At 90 days, jatobá had an average survival of 54%, with less than 5% of total rooting, without significant influence of the mini-cutting technique or IBA use. Garapa presented higher survival for the basal mini-cuttings in both experiments, which were the only ones that took root. IBA did not influence survival or rooting percentage of garapa mini-cuttings, but negatively influenced the root number, length and dry mass. We concluded that the basal mini-cutting is a viable technique for vegetative propagation of garapa, presenting 40% of rooting, but the propagation by mini-cutting for jatobá was not successful under the conditions of this study.