cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e114572v1
title: Replication data for: Human Capital and the Lifetime Costs of Impatience

description: In this paper, we examine the role of impatience in human capital formationâ€”arguably the most important investment decision individuals make during their lifetimes. We focus on a set of investment behaviors that cannot be explained solely by variation in exponential discounting. Using data from the NL SY and a straightforward measure of impatience, we find that impatient people more frequently invest in dynamically inconsistent ways, such as dropping out of college with one year or less remaining. The cumulative investment differences result in the impatient earning 13 percent less and expressing more regret as this cohort reaches middle age. (JEL D91, I26, J24, J31)
DOI: 10.3886/e114803
title: Replication data for: Clunkers or Junkers? Adverse Selection in a Vehicle Retirement Program

description: Vehicle retirement programs have become popular tools of public policy for reducing pollution. The efficacy of these programs is difficult to measure, as it is difficult to tell how much a vehicle would have polluted otherwise. I estimate that counterfactual using data from a long-running local program in California. I utilize the universe of emissions inspections from the California Smog Check Program to construct vehicle usage histories of retired cars and similar vehicles which did not retire early. I find that the program's cost-effectiveness steadily declined over time because of the depreciation of the vehicle fleet, while adverse selection remained a problem throughout. (JEL D82, Q53, Q58, R48)
DOI: 10.3886/e114803v1
title: Replication data for: Clunkers or Junkers? Adverse Selection in a Vehicle Retirement Program

description: Vehicle retirement programs have become popular tools of public policy for reducing pollution. The efficacy of these programs is difficult to measure, as it is difficult to tell how much a vehicle would have polluted otherwise. I estimate that counterfactual using data from a long-running local program in California. I utilize the universe of emissions inspections from the California Smog Check Program to construct vehicle usage histories of retired cars and similar vehicles which did not retire early. I find that the program's cost-effectiveness steadily declined over time because of the depreciation of the vehicle fleet, while adverse selection remained a problem throughout. (JEL D82, Q53, Q58, R48)
DOI: 10.3886/e114804
title: Replication data for: Framing Social Security Reform: Behavioral Responses to Changes in the Full Retirement Age

description: We use a US Social Security reform as a quasi-experiment to provide evidence on framing effects in retirement behavior. The reform increased the full retirement age (FRA) from 65 to 66 in two-month increments per year of birth. We find strong evidence that the spike in the benefit claiming hazard at 65 moved in lockstep along with the FRA. Results on self-reported retirement and exit from employment go in the same direction. The responsiveness to the new FRA is stronger for people with higher cognitive skills. We interpret the findings as evidence of reference dependence with loss aversion. (JEL D91, H55, J14, J26)
DOI: 10.3886/e114804v1
title: Replication data for: Framing Social Security Reform: Behavioral Responses to Changes in the Full Retirement Age

description: We use a US Social Security reform as a quasi-experiment to provide evidence on framing effects in retirement behavior. The reform increased the full retirement age (FRA) from 65 to 66 in two-month increments per year of birth. We find strong evidence that the spike in the benefit claiming hazard at 65 moved in lockstep along with the FRA. Results on self-reported retirement and exit from employment go in the same direction. The responsiveness to the new FRA is stronger for people with higher cognitive skills. We interpret the findings as evidence of reference dependence with loss aversion. (JEL D91, H55, J14, J26)
DOI: 10.3886/e114805
title: Replication data for: Happiness on Tap: Piped Water Adoption in Urban Morocco

description: Connecting private dwellings to the water main is expensive and typically cannot be publicly financed. We show that households' willingness to pay for a private connection is high when it can be purchased on credit, not because a connection improves health but because it increases the time available for leisure and reduces inter- and intra-household conflicts on water matters, leading to sustained improvements in well-being. Our results suggest that facilitating access to credit for households to finance lump sum quality-oflife investments can significantly increase welfare, even if those investments do not result in any health or income gains. (JEL D12, I31, O12, O13, O18, Q25)
DOI: 10.3886/e114805v1
title: Replication data for: Happiness on Tap: Piped Water Adoption in Urban Morocco

description: Connecting private dwellings to the water main is expensive and typically cannot be publicly financed. We show that households' willingness to pay for a private connection is high when it can be purchased on credit, not because a connection improves health but because it increases the time available for leisure and reduces inter- and intra-household conflicts on water matters, leading to sustained improvements in well-being. Our results suggest that facilitating access to credit for households to finance lump sum quality-oflife investments can significantly increase welfare, even if those investments do not result in any health or income gains. (JEL D12, I31, O12, O13, O18, Q25)
DOI: 10.3886/e114806
title: Replication data for: The Demand for Food of Poor Urban Mexican Households: Understanding Policy Impacts Using Structural Models

description: We use Oportunidades, a conditional cash transfer to women, to show that standard demand models do not represent the sample's behavior: Oportunidades increases eligible households' food budget shares, despite food being a necessity; demand for food and high-protein food changes over time only in treatment areas; the treatment effects on food and high-protein food consumption are larger than the prediction from the Engel curves at baseline; and the curves do not change in eligible households with high baseline bargaining power for the transfer recipient. Thus, handing transfers to women is a likely determinant of the observed nutritional changes. (JEL D12, H23, J16, O12)
DOI: 10.3886/e114806v1
title: Replication data for: The Demand for Food of Poor Urban Mexican Households: Understanding Policy Impacts Using Structural Models

description: We use Oportunidades, a conditional cash transfer to women, to show that standard demand models do not represent the sample's behavior: Oportunidades increases eligible households' food budget shares, despite food being a necessity; demand for food and high-protein food changes over time only in treatment areas; the treatment effects on food and high-protein food consumption are larger than the prediction from the Engel curves at baseline; and the curves do not change in eligible households with high baseline bargaining power for the transfer recipient. Thus, handing transfers to women is a likely determinant of the observed nutritional changes. (JEL D12, H23, J16, O12)
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/2xcnq8
title: Sigma0_VV_db_slv18_17Aug2015.hdr
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/czftmv
title: Bakoa_S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_2015_2017_Stack_subset10images.dim
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/uv1ykq
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv17_17Aug2015.hdr
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/xqxj3s
title: Disclaimer.pdf

description: Disclaimer for using the data
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/zafmuh
title: Sigma0_VV_db_slv4_06Jun2015.img
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/zhklmh
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv29_21Nov2015.img
DOI: 10.3886/e114345
title: Replication data for: Call Market Experiments: Efficiency and Price Discovery through Multiple Calls and Emergent Newton Adjustments

description: We study multiple-unit, laboratory experimental call markets in which orders are cleared by a single price at a scheduled "call." The markets are independent trading "days" with two calls each day preceded by a continuous and public order flow. Markets approach the competitive equilibrium over time. The price formation dynamics operate through the flow of bids and asks configured as the "jaws" of the order book with contract execution featuring elements of an underlying mathematical principle, the Newton-Raphson method for solving systems of equations. Both excess demand and its slope play a systematic role in call market price discovery.
DOI: 10.3886/e114346
title: Replication data for: Age-Dependent Payoffs and Assortative Matching by Age in a Market with Search

description: This paper considers a matching market with two-sided search and transferable utility where match payoffs depend on age at marriage (time until match) and search is finite. We define and prove existence of equilibrium, and provide sufficient conditions for positive assortative matching that build on restricting the slope and curvature of the marriage payoff function to generate single-peaked preferences in age and therefore convex matching sets. Payoff functions that are incompatible with positive sorting by age include all strictly increasing functions and constant flow payoffs enjoyed for some finite period.
DOI: 10.3886/e114346v1
title: Replication data for: Age-Dependent Payoffs and Assortative Matching by Age in a Market with Search

description: This paper considers a matching market with two-sided search and transferable utility where match payoffs depend on age at marriage (time until match) and search is finite. We define and prove existence of equilibrium, and provide sufficient conditions for positive assortative matching that build on restricting the slope and curvature of the marriage payoff function to generate single-peaked preferences in age and therefore convex matching sets. Payoff functions that are incompatible with positive sorting by age include all strictly increasing functions and constant flow payoffs enjoyed for some finite period.
DOI: 10.3886/e114347
title: Replication data for: Sophisticated Bidders in Beauty-Contest Auctions

description: We study bidding behavior by firms in beauty-contest auctions, i.e., auctions in which the winning bid is the one which gets closest to some function (average) of all submitted bids. Using a dataset on public procurement beauty-contest auctions, we show that firms' observed bidding behavior departs from equilibrium and can be predicted by a "sophistication" index, which captures the firms' capacity of bidding close to optimality in the past. We show that our empirical evidence is consistent with a Cognitive Hierarchy model of bidders' behavior. We also investigate whether and how firms learn to bid strategically through experience.
DOI: 10.3886/e114347v1
title: Replication data for: Sophisticated Bidders in Beauty-Contest Auctions

description: We study bidding behavior by firms in beauty-contest auctions, i.e., auctions in which the winning bid is the one which gets closest to some function (average) of all submitted bids. Using a dataset on public procurement beauty-contest auctions, we show that firms' observed bidding behavior departs from equilibrium and can be predicted by a "sophistication" index, which captures the firms' capacity of bidding close to optimality in the past. We show that our empirical evidence is consistent with a Cognitive Hierarchy model of bidders' behavior. We also investigate whether and how firms learn to bid strategically through experience.
DOI: 10.3886/e114348
title: Replication data for: Industry Dynamics of Offshoring: The Case of Hard Disk Drives

description: This paper uncovers a novel pattern of offshoring dynamics in a high-tech industry, and proposes a structural model to explain it. Specifically, the hard disk drive industry (1976-1998) witnessed massive waves of entry, exit, and the relocation of manufacturing plants to low-cost countries, in which shakeouts occurred predominantly among home firms and almost all survivors were offshore firms. I build and estimate a dynamic offshoring game with entry/exit to measure the benefits and costs of offshoring, investigate the relationship between offshoring and market structure, and assess the impacts of hypothetical government interventions.
DOI: 10.3886/e114348v1
title: Replication data for: Industry Dynamics of Offshoring: The Case of Hard Disk Drives

description: This paper uncovers a novel pattern of offshoring dynamics in a high-tech industry, and proposes a structural model to explain it. Specifically, the hard disk drive industry (1976-1998) witnessed massive waves of entry, exit, and the relocation of manufacturing plants to low-cost countries, in which shakeouts occurred predominantly among home firms and almost all survivors were offshore firms. I build and estimate a dynamic offshoring game with entry/exit to measure the benefits and costs of offshoring, investigate the relationship between offshoring and market structure, and assess the impacts of hypothetical government interventions.
DOI: 10.3886/e114349v1
title: Replication data for: Product versus Process: Innovation Strategies of Multiproduct Firms

description: We investigate the effects of better access to foreign markets on innovation strategies of multiproduct firms in industries with different scope for product differentiation. Industry-specific demand and cost linkages induce a distinction between the returns to innovation. In differentiated industries, cannibalization is lower and firms invest more in product innovation. In homogeneous industries, firms internalize intra-firm spillovers and invest more in process innovation. Using firm-level data and large exchange rate devaluations, we show that better access to foreign markets increases the incentive to innovate. However, we exploit differential effects across industries and show that the innovation strategies depend on the scope of differentiation.
DOI: 10.3886/e114807
title: Replication data for: Public Transfers and Domestic Violence: The Roles of Private Information and Spousal Control

description: We study whether transfer programs in which funds are targeted to women decrease the incidence of spousal abuse. We examine the impact of the Mexican Oportunidades program on spousal abuse rates and threats of violence using data from a specialized survey. Beneficiary women are 40 percent less likely to be victims of physical abuse, but are more likely to receive violent threats with no associated abuse. This evidence is consistent with a model of decision-makers' interactions with asymmetric information in the male partner's gains to marriage, who can then use threats of violence to extract rents from their female partners. (JEL D82, J12, J16, K42, O15, O17)
DOI: 10.3886/e114807v1
title: Replication data for: Public Transfers and Domestic Violence: The Roles of Private Information and Spousal Control

description: We study whether transfer programs in which funds are targeted to women decrease the incidence of spousal abuse. We examine the impact of the Mexican Oportunidades program on spousal abuse rates and threats of violence using data from a specialized survey. Beneficiary women are 40 percent less likely to be victims of physical abuse, but are more likely to receive violent threats with no associated abuse. This evidence is consistent with a model of decision-makers' interactions with asymmetric information in the male partner's gains to marriage, who can then use threats of violence to extract rents from their female partners. (JEL D82, J12, J16, K42, O15, O17)
DOI: 10.3886/e114808
title: Replication data for: The Iceberg Theory of Campaign Contributions: Political Threats and Interest Group Behavior

description: We present a model where special interest groups condition contributions on the receiving candidate's support and also her opponent's. This allows interest groups to obtain support from contributions as well as from threats of contributing. Out-of-equilibrium contributions help explain the missing money puzzle. Our framework contradicts standard models in predicting that interest groups give to only one side of a race. We also predict that special interest groups will mainly target lopsided winners, whereas general interest groups will contribute mainly to candidates in close races. We verify these predictions in FEC data for US House elections from 1984-1990. (JEL D72)
DOI: 10.3886/e114808v1
title: Replication data for: The Iceberg Theory of Campaign Contributions: Political Threats and Interest Group Behavior

description: We present a model where special interest groups condition contributions on the receiving candidate's support and also her opponent's. This allows interest groups to obtain support from contributions as well as from threats of contributing. Out-of-equilibrium contributions help explain the missing money puzzle. Our framework contradicts standard models in predicting that interest groups give to only one side of a race. We also predict that special interest groups will mainly target lopsided winners, whereas general interest groups will contribute mainly to candidates in close races. We verify these predictions in FEC data for US House elections from 1984-1990. (JEL D72)
DOI: 10.3886/e114809
title: Replication data for: Targeting with Agents

description: Targeting assistance to the poor is a central problem in development. We study the problem of designing a proxy means test when the implementing agent is corruptible. Conditioning on more poverty indicators may worsen targeting in this environment because of a novel tradeoff between statistical accuracy and enforceability. We then test necessary conditions for this tradeoff using data on Below Poverty Line card allocation in India. Less eligible households pay larger bribes and are less likely to obtain cards, but widespread rule violations yield a de facto allocation much less progressive than the de jure one. Enforceability appears to matter. (JEL D12, I32, I38, O12, O15)
DOI: 10.3886/e114809v1
title: Replication data for: Targeting with Agents

description: Targeting assistance to the poor is a central problem in development. We study the problem of designing a proxy means test when the implementing agent is corruptible. Conditioning on more poverty indicators may worsen targeting in this environment because of a novel tradeoff between statistical accuracy and enforceability. We then test necessary conditions for this tradeoff using data on Below Poverty Line card allocation in India. Less eligible households pay larger bribes and are less likely to obtain cards, but widespread rule violations yield a de facto allocation much less progressive than the de jure one. Enforceability appears to matter. (JEL D12, I32, I38, O12, O15)
DOI: 10.3886/e114810
title: Replication data for: The Price Effects of a Large Merger of Manufacturers: A Case Study of Maytag-Whirlpool

description: Many experts speculate that US antitrust policy towards horizontal mergers has been too lenient. We estimate the price effects of Whirlpool's acquisition of Maytag to provide new evidence on this debate. We compare price changes in appliance markets most affected by the merger to markets where concentration changed much less or not at all. We estimate price increases for dishwashers and relatively large price increases for clothes dryers, but no price effects for refrigerators or clothes washers. The combined firm's market share fell across all four affected categories, and the number of distinct appliance products offered for sale fell. (JEL G34, K21, L11, L41, L68)
DOI: 10.3886/e114810v1
title: Replication data for: The Price Effects of a Large Merger of Manufacturers: A Case Study of Maytag-Whirlpool

description: Many experts speculate that US antitrust policy towards horizontal mergers has been too lenient. We estimate the price effects of Whirlpool's acquisition of Maytag to provide new evidence on this debate. We compare price changes in appliance markets most affected by the merger to markets where concentration changed much less or not at all. We estimate price increases for dishwashers and relatively large price increases for clothes dryers, but no price effects for refrigerators or clothes washers. The combined firm's market share fell across all four affected categories, and the number of distinct appliance products offered for sale fell. (JEL G34, K21, L11, L41, L68)
DOI: 10.3886/e114811v1
title: Replication data for: Unemployment in an Interdependent World

description: How do changes in labor market institutions, like more generous unemployment benefits in one country, affect labor market outcomes in other countries? We set up a two-country Armingtonian trade model with frictions on the goods and labor markets. Contrary to the literature, higher labor market frictions increase unemployment at home and abroad. The strength of the spillover depends on the relative size of countries and on trade costs. It is exacerbated when real wages are rigid. Using panel data for 20 rich OECD countries, and controlling for institutions as well as for business cycle comovement, we confirm our theoretical predictions. (JEL E24, F16, J64, J65)
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/0t4hqe
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv21_22Sep2015.img
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/8eo6tr
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv29_21Nov2015.hdr
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/fxdqql
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv29_21Nov2015.hdr
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/lhe6w9
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv17_17Aug2015.hdr
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/lvp4b4
title: Sigma0_VH_db_slv3_06Jun2015.hdr
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/mqcmys
title: Sigma0_VV_db_slv18_17Aug2015.img
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/n4oxtq
title: pins-1.tab
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/n7huv6
title: Bakoa_S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_2015_2017_Stack_subset10images.dim
DOI: 10.34725/dvn/taxjau/xnecdx
title: Sigma0_VV_db_slv4_06Jun2015.hdr
DOI: 10.3886/e114143v1
title: Replication data for: The Price of Growth: Consumption Insurance in China 1989–2009

description: We exploit a novel and unique opportunity to document the transmission of income risk to consumption in a growing economy. Our laboratory is China, an economy that has witnessed enormous and sustained growth. We build a long panel of household-level consumption and income data. We find that consumption insurance deteriorates along the growth process with a transmission of permanent income shocks to consumption that at least triples from 1989 to 2009. Although preliminary, our welfare analysis suggests that the loss of consumption insurance can have first-order implications for the welfare assessment of economic growth.
DOI: 10.3886/e114349
title: Replication data for: Product versus Process: Innovation Strategies of Multiproduct Firms

description: We investigate the effects of better access to foreign markets on innovation strategies of multiproduct firms in industries with different scope for product differentiation. Industry-specific demand and cost linkages induce a distinction between the returns to innovation. In differentiated industries, cannibalization is lower and firms invest more in product innovation. In homogeneous industries, firms internalize intra-firm spillovers and invest more in process innovation. Using firm-level data and large exchange rate devaluations, we show that better access to foreign markets increases the incentive to innovate. However, we exploit differential effects across industries and show that the innovation strategies depend on the scope of differentiation.