cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/smagbq
title: Sorex minutus - 53812, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1966-08-01, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gukudq
title: Sorex minutus - 24966, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-06-15, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/icsc0m
title: Sorex minutus - 54017, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1966-08-04, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/4vgt6e
title: Sorex minutus - 6658, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-09-15, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/w4tplw
title: Sorex minutus - 2992, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1953-08-08, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gmhfs3
title: Sorex minutus - 54987, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1966-10-20, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/1sfoqy
title: Sorex minutus - 26152, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-09-30, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/zlxdbh
title: Sorex minutus - 107595, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-10-02, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/5eswqm
title: Sorex minutus - 16294, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1956-01-16, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/afz9vx
title: Sorex minutus - 3440, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1953-08-29, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/fr6csq
title: Sorex minutus - 130038, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1978-10-08, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/wwhvry
title: Sorex minutus - 97542, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1971-04-27, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/vedied
title: Sorex minutus - 4166, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-03-31, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/pdvn9h
title: Sorex minutus - 18595, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1957-07-23, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/c40p6l
title: Sorex minutus - 33741, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1963-10-05, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/cxmmic
title: Sorex minutus - 54638, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1966-10-02, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ljztqt
title: Sorex minutus - 161076, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1991-09-27, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/g6gvx8
title: Sorex minutus - 24237, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-03-28, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/1urdpx
title: Sorex minutus - 138406, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1981-02-12, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/8a89pv
title: Sorex minutus - 107832, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-10-16, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nedcrp
title: Sorex minutus - 5497, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-07-26, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lnikmf
title: Sorex minutus - 18991, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1957-09-19, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/v1fih2
title: Sorex minutus - 22674, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1959-07-16, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ctg2xg
title: Sorex minutus - 25363, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-07-30, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nerdqc
title: Sorex minutus - 19936, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1958-04-28, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/tjiw41
title: Sorex minutus - 63231, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1967-06-06, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/pcyxvz
title: Sorex minutus - 31708, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1963-05-21, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6314638
title: Time-series transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in broiler chicken infected with mixed Eimeria species

description: Coccidiosis caused by the <em>Eimeria</em> species is a highly problematic disease in the chicken industry. Here, we used RNA sequencing to observe the time-dependent host responses of <em>Eimeria</em>-infected chickens to examine the genes and biological functions associated with immunity to the parasite. Transcriptome analysis was performed at three time points: 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi). Based on the changes in gene expression patterns, we defined three groups of genes that showed differential expression. This enabled us to capture evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress at the initial stage of <em>Eimeria</em> infection. Furthermore, we found that innate immune responses against the parasite were activated at the first exposure; they then showed gradual normalization. Although the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly operative at 4 dpi, its downregulation led to an anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the construction of gene co-expression networks enabled identification of immunoregulation hub genes and critical pattern recognition receptors after <em>Eimeria</em> infection. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction between chicken and <em>Eimeria</em>. The clusters of genes defined in this study can be utilized to improve chickens for coccidiosis control.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6314637
title: Time-series transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in broiler chicken infected with mixed Eimeria species

description: Coccidiosis caused by the <em>Eimeria</em> species is a highly problematic disease in the chicken industry. Here, we used RNA sequencing to observe the time-dependent host responses of <em>Eimeria</em>-infected chickens to examine the genes and biological functions associated with immunity to the parasite. Transcriptome analysis was performed at three time points: 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi). Based on the changes in gene expression patterns, we defined three groups of genes that showed differential expression. This enabled us to capture evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress at the initial stage of <em>Eimeria</em> infection. Furthermore, we found that innate immune responses against the parasite were activated at the first exposure; they then showed gradual normalization. Although the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly operative at 4 dpi, its downregulation led to an anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the construction of gene co-expression networks enabled identification of immunoregulation hub genes and critical pattern recognition receptors after <em>Eimeria</em> infection. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction between chicken and <em>Eimeria</em>. The clusters of genes defined in this study can be utilized to improve chickens for coccidiosis control.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nqsaph
title: Sorex minutus - 62216, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1967-03-01, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/j50axf
title: Sorex minutus - 54349, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1966-09-08, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gnasyh
title: Sorex minutus - 141661, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1982-06-17, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/m0avq8
title: Sorex minutus - 22255, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1959-06-13, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/4xdiqy
title: Sorex minutus - 5181, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-07-12, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ivrz6z
title: Sorex minutus - 1297, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1953-06-05, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/rdw60d
title: Sorex minutus - 106343, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-07-06, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/za2gdz
title: Sorex minutus - 5976, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-08-11, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ythbjq
title: Sorex minutus - 115455, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1974-10-07, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ifeqfl
title: Sorex minutus - 116054, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1975-01-26, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/vmtyti
title: Sorex minutus - 23919, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1960-08-20, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/kc5up6
title: Sorex minutus - 50451, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1965-11-02, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/7bpjlg
title: Sorex minutus - 22954, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1959-08-06, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/vct0sg
title: Sorex minutus - 106188, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-06-29, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gv2fiu
title: Sorex minutus - 55345, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1966-11-18, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/azk5re
title: Sorex minutus - 20291, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1958-08-27, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/8aiud0
title: Sorex minutus - 106983, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-07-31, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/q7oq7b
title: Sorex minutus - 157189, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1988-07-18, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/odadoi
title: Sorex minutus - 35213, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1964-04-22, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lmsxwn
title: Sorex minutus - 156476, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1987-12-16, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/de86bf
title: Sorex minutus - 29209, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1962-09-18, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/y7df7m
title: Sorex minutus - 107076, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-08-02, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/c1dc9i
title: Sorex minutus - 117595, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1975-10-07, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/z8hawn
title: Sorex minutus - 4228, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-04-03, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/w3mfgc
title: Sorex minutus - 104373, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-02-29, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/txmxmw
title: Sorex minutus - 92086, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1970-09-04, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/d6joms
title: Sorex minutus - 18237, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1957-06-15, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/cas4xy
title: Sorex minutus - 3285, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1953-08-23, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/dsilzg
title: Sorex minutus - 26095, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-09-26, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/c4kgvi
title: Sorex minutus - 34591, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1964-01-17, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/qtxxwp
title: Sorex minutus - 20430, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1958-09-29, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/p4zpwy
title: Sorex minutus - 25420, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-07-31, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gjfvud
title: Sorex minutus - 97927, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1971-06-26, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/yucpya
title: Sorex minutus - 107170, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1972-08-04, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/3ypkqp
title: Sorex minutus - 5068, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-07-09, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/udykem
title: Sorex minutus - 6522, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1954-09-04, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gqpqms
title: Sorex minutus - 116063, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1975-02-01, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/h1y8hx
title: Sorex minutus - 398, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1952-09-24, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/qyvdpl
title: Sorex minutus - 25157, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1961-07-10, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mpghqr
title: Sorex minutus - 33665, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1963-09-28, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/aqhor7
title: Sorex minutus - 97526, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1971-04-23, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type:
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/vmfkz1
title: Sorex minutus - 16858, Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS

description: Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew) from Zoological collection of the Mammal Research Institute, PAS. Collected 1956-06-13, in: Białowieża National Park, Poland. Material type: