cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.4231/p45z-8361
title: PIV/BOS synthetic image generation in variable density environments for error analysis and experiment design

description: &lt;p&gt;We present an image generation methodology based on ray tracing that can be used to render realistic images of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and background oriented schlieren (BOS) experiments in the presence of density/refractive index gradients. This methodology enables the simulation of aero-thermodynamics experiments for experiment design, error, and uncertainty analysis. Images are generated by emanating light rays from the particles or dot pattern, and propagating them through the density gradient field and the optical elements, up to the camera sensor. The rendered images are realistic, and can replicate the features of a given experimental setup, like optical aberrations and perspective effects, which can be deliberately introduced for error analysis. We demonstrate this methodology by simulating a BOS experiment with a known density field obtained from direct numerical simulations of homogeneous buoyancy driven turbulence, and comparing the light ray displacements from ray tracing to results from BOS theory. The light ray displacements show good agreement with the reference data. This methodology provides a framework for further development of simulation tools for use in experiment design and development of image analysis tools for PIV and BOS applications. An implementation of the proposed methodology in a Python-CUDA program is made available as an open source software for researchers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
description: Ray tracin based image generation methodology to render realistic images of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and background oriented schlieren (BOS) experiments in the presence of density/refractive index gradients.
DOI: 10.4231/x101-wk63
title: Dot tracking methodology for background-oriented schlieren (BOS)

description: &lt;p&gt;We propose a dot tracking methodology for processing background-oriented schlieren (BOS) images. The method improves the accuracy, precision and spatial resolution compared to conventional cross-correlation algorithms. Our methodology utilizes the prior information about the dot pattern such as the location, size and number of dots to provide near 100% yield even for high dot densities (20 dots/32 &times; 32 pixels) and is robust to image noise. We also propose an improvement to the displacement estimation step in the tracking process, especially for noisy images, using a &ldquo;correlation correction&rdquo;, whereby we combine the spatial resolution benefit of the tracking method and the smoothing property of the correlation method to increase the dynamic range of the overall measurement process. We evaluate the performance of the method with synthetic BOS images of buoyancy-driven turbulence rendered using ray-tracing simulations, and experimental images of flow in the exit plane of a converging&ndash;diverging nozzle. The results show that the improved spatial resolution results in a better accuracy of the tracking method compared to correlation-based methods in regions with sharp displacement gradients, and the correlation correction step reduces the noise floor of the measurement, resulting in a fourfold improvement in the dynamic range.&lt;/p&gt;
description: A dot tracking method to process BOS images that improves the accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution of the measurements
DOI: 10.4231/8wg8-sy18
title: Factors Affecting Peak Impact Force During Soccer Headers and Implications for the Mitigation of Head Injuries

description: &lt;p&gt;It has been documented that up to 22% of all soccer injuries are concussions. This is in part due to players purposely using their head to direct the ball during play. To provide a more complete understanding of head trauma in soccer athletes, this study characterized the effects of four soccer ball characteristics (size, inflation pressure, mass, velocity) on the resulting peak impact force as it relates to the potential for incurring neurophysiological changes. A total of six hundred trials were performed on size 4 and 5 soccer balls as well as a novel lightweight soccer ball. Impact force was measured with a force plate and ball velocity was determined using motion capture. These data were used, in conjunction with dimensional analysis to relate impact force to ball size, mass, velocity, and pressure. Reasonable reductions in allowable ball parameters resulted in a 19.7% decrease in peak impact force. Adjustments to ball parameters could reduce a high cumulative peak translational acceleration soccer athlete down into a previously defined safer low loading range. In addition, it was noted that water absorption by soccer balls can result in masses that substantially increase impact force and quickly surpass the NCAA weight limit for game play. Additional research is required to determine whether varying soccer ball characteristics will enable soccer players to avoid persistent neurophysiological deficits or what additional interventions may be necessary and the legal implications of these data are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;
description: Data corresponds to force measures of simulated soccer kicks and with respective diameter, ball size, pressure and velocity. Data was used, to perform dimensional analysis to relate peak impact force to the aforementioned variables of interest.
DOI: 10.4231/k9fh-7053
title: Datasets describing monarch immature and adult performance when reared on milkweed host-plants varying in pesticides

description: &lt;p&gt;The long-term decline of monarch butterflies has been attributed to loss of their milkweed (&lt;em&gt;Asclepias&lt;/em&gt; sp.) host-plants after the introduction of herbicide-tolerant crops. However, recent studies report pesticide residues on milkweed leaves that could act as a contributing factor when ingested as part of their larval diet. In this study, we exposed monarch larvae to six pesticides (insecticide: clothianidin; herbicides: atrazine, s-metolachlor; fungicides: azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin) on their primary host-plant, &lt;em&gt;A. syriaca&lt;/em&gt;. Each was tested at mean and maximum levels reported from published analyses of milkweeds bordering cropland and thus represent field-relevant concentrations. Monarch lethal and sub-lethal responses were tracked over their complete development, from early instar larvae to adult death. Overall, we found no impact of any pesticide on immature development time and relatively weak effects on larval herbivory or survival to adulthood. Comparatively stronger effects were detected for adult performance; namely, a 12.5% reduction in wing length in response to the fungicides azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin. These data collectively suggest that monarch responses to host-plant pesticides are largely sublethal and more pronounced in the adult stage, despite exposure only as larvae. This outcome has important implications for risk assessment and the migratory success of monarchs in North America.&lt;/p&gt;
description: Files reporting data used in Olaya-Arenas et al 2020 study published in Scientific Reports on monarch performance when reared as larvae with varying pesticide types and concentrations.
DOI: 10.4231/je4b-8j88
title: Measuring N2O Emissions from Multiple Sources Using a Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Model

description: &lt;p&gt;Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) emissions from agricultural soil are substantially influenced by nitrogen (N) and field management practices. While routinely soil chambers have been used to measure emissions from small plots, measuring field-scale emissions with micrometeorological methods has been limited. This study implemented a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) technique to simultaneously and near-continuously measure N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from four adjacent fields of approximately 1-ha each. A scanning open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR), edge-of-field gas sampling and measurement, locally measured turbulence, and bLS emissions modeling were integrated to measure N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from four adjacent fields of maize production using different management in 2015. The maize N management treatments consisted of 220 kg NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; applied either as one application in the fall after harvest or spring before planting or split between fall after harvest and spring before planting. The field preparation treatments evaluated were no-till (NT) and chisel plow (ChP). This study showed that the management of the full-N rate applied in fall led to higher N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions than the split-N rates applied in the fall and spring. Based on the same N application (i.e., split-N rates applied in the fall and spring), the ChP practice tended to increase N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions compared with NT. The method had a minimum detection limit (MDL) of &plusmn;1.2 &micro;gm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (3&sigma;). The averaged emission rates of the four treatments over 41 days after the spring fertilizer application ranged from 0.8 to 3.9 &micro;g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Advection of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O from adjacent fields influenced the estimated emissions; uncertainty (1&sigma;) in emissions was 0.5&plusmn;0.3 &micro;g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; if the field of interest received a clean measured upwind background air but increased to 0.6&plusmn;0.4 &micro;g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; if there was one predominant upwind source advecting into the field of interest and then to 1.1&plusmn;0.5 &micro;g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; if all fields were advecting N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O over the field of interest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These data refer to figures 1b, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7a, and 7b of Lin, C.-H., Grant, R. H., and Johnston, C. T. (2020) Measuring N2O Emissions from Multiple Sources Using a Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Model. Atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;
description: This file includes the data used in the figures of the manuscript entitled 'Measuring N2O Emissions from Multiple Sources Using a Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Model'.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kbqqqp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Meretrix petechialis, Cytherea petechialis, Cytherea zonaria)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Machine Observation, Human Observation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1950"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0059467-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.4231/wf3e-2w39
title: Boğsak Archaeological Survey: Processed Ceramics, 2016 and 2017

description: &lt;p&gt;The Boğsak Archaeological Survey (Boğsak Village, Silifke district, Mersin Province, modern Turkey) is directed by Dr. G&uuml;nder Varinlioğlu, Associate Professor at Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University in Istanbul, Turkey. The project is investigating an ancient maritime island landscape extending from modern-day Silifke to Yeşilovacık, in what was eastern Rough Cilicia during Antiquity (&lt;a href="http://www.bogsakarchaeology.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;www.bogsakarchaeology.org&lt;/a&gt;). The project has been ongoing since 2010 and focuses on a number of ancient island settlements and harbors along this shore, including Boğsak Island, Dana Island (ancient Pityoussa), Tahtalimanı, and the Ovacık Peninsula (ancient Aphrodisias). Professor Nicholas Rauh of Purdue University joined the project in 2015 and has conducted pedestrian survey to collect ceramic data for the project. During the 2016 Season of the project the BOGA pedestrian survey team conducted a week-long training session on Boğsak Island, July 19-27, 2016. This exercise was conducted largely in preparation for the team&#39;s relocation to Dana Island later that summer, but it did turn up significant finds on Boğsak prior to departure and expanded our coverage on the island. In all, 6 to 8 walkers investigated 28 loci or units in 5 transects on Boğsak (see map in dataset gallery). They processed 495 ceramic, stone, and glass fragments. Pedestrian team members included Nick Rauh, Prof. Noah Kaye (Indiana U.), Prof. Matthew Dillon (Loyola Marymount U.), and students, Peter Kotiuga (Indiana U.), Lucy Greene (Purdue U.), Nur Erdemci, Gamze G&uuml;rgen&ccedil; and Cem Ardıl, all from Mimar Sinan U. in Istanbul.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During the 2017 season, while focusing on the continuing investigation of Dana Island, the pedestrian team was asked by the director, Dr. G&uuml;nder Varinlioğlu, to do some sampling in the circular precinct near Church 1 on Boğsak. where she was conducting architectural mapping. During this brief foray Rauh, Noah Kaye, and a few students sampled some 20 ceramic fragments in that vicinity, some of which seemed significant AND ARE included in the dataset.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The dataset contains data from the pedestrian survey of the collected ceramic artefacts for the the Boğsak Archaeological Survey in 2016 and 2017
DOI: 10.4231/chxp-ey21
title: Summer Science Program in Biochemistry - Characterization of the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Research Project in SSP Biochemistry&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cdc14 enzymes have been reported to be required for normal plant infection by several plant pathogen species. In the SSP Biochemistry program, research groups of 3 participants each purify and characterize the Cdc14 homolog encoded by a different plant fungal pathogen species. Each group is initially given the gene sequence for the putative Cdc14 homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus. Their overall goal is to determine if this protein would be a suitable target for development of a novel fungicide to protect crops from pathogens. They first use bioinformatic tools to generate a hypothesis about the function of the protein encoded by their gene sequence. Then, they use a recombinant plasmid to overexpress their protein in &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and purify it using nickel affinity chromatography. They characterize steady-state kinetic properties and substrate specificity of their enzymes and compare the results to previously characterized Cdc14 from the model fungal species &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; (ScCdc14), for which structural information is available. They then design an assay to test inhibition of their enzyme by a series of compounds originally identified as &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; inhibitors of ScCdc14. They choose the best one, perform computational docking to predict how it might bind to the homology-based structural model of their enzyme&rsquo;s active site that they previously generated, and finally hypothesize about ways to optimize their inhibitor structure to improve binding and specificity by taking advantage of known features of Cdc14 substrates. In the end they conclude whether or not the active site substrate specificity is conserved enough to justify using the ScCdc14 structure as a model for designing inhibitors to their enzyme. In this publication, the biochemical results and the homology based structural modeling of the Cdc14 homolog from &lt;em&gt;Colletotrichum gloeosporioides&lt;/em&gt; are presented.&lt;/p&gt;
description: In SSP Biochemistry, high school participants conduct group research projects to characterize the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus and explore its potential as a novel antifungal target to protect crops from disease
DOI: 10.4231/xjmf-b937
title: Summer Science Program in Biochemistry - Characterization of the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from Fusarium oxysporum

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Research Project in SSP Biochemistry&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cdc14 enzymes have been reported to be required for normal plant infection by several plant pathogen species. In the SSP Biochemistry program, research groups of 3 participants each purify and characterize the Cdc14 homolog encoded by a different plant fungal pathogen species. Each group is initially given the gene sequence for the putative Cdc14 homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus. Their overall goal is to determine if this protein would be a suitable target for development of a novel fungicide to protect crops from pathogens. They first use bioinformatic tools to generate a hypothesis about the function of the protein encoded by their gene sequence. Then, they use a recombinant plasmid to overexpress their protein in &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and purify it using nickel affinity chromatography. They characterize steady-state kinetic properties and substrate specificity of their enzymes and compare the results to previously characterized Cdc14 from the model fungal species &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; (ScCdc14), for which structural information is available. They then design an assay to test inhibition of their enzyme by a series of compounds originally identified as &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; inhibitors of ScCdc14. They choose the best one, perform computational docking to predict how it might bind to the homology-based structural model of their enzyme&rsquo;s active site that they previously generated, and finally hypothesize about ways to optimize their inhibitor structure to improve binding and specificity by taking advantage of known features of Cdc14 substrates. In the end they conclude whether or not the active site substrate specificity is conserved enough to justify using the ScCdc14 structure as a model for designing inhibitors to their enzyme. In this publication, the biochemical results and the homology based structural modeling of the Cdc14 homolog from &lt;em&gt;Fusarium oxysporum&lt;/em&gt; are presented.&lt;/p&gt;
description: In SSP Biochemistry, high school participants conduct group research projects to characterize the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus and explore its potential as a novel antifungal target to protect crops from disease
DOI: 10.4231/y5v8-c750
title: Summer Science Program in Biochemistry - Characterization of the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from Magnaporthe oryzae

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Research Project in SSP Biochemistry&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cdc14 enzymes have been reported to be required for normal plant infection by several plant pathogen species. In the SSP Biochemistry program, research groups of 3 participants each purify and characterize the Cdc14 homolog encoded by a different plant fungal pathogen species. Each group is initially given the gene sequence for the putative Cdc14 homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus. Their overall goal is to determine if this protein would be a suitable target for development of a novel fungicide to protect crops from pathogens. They first use bioinformatic tools to generate a hypothesis about the function of the protein encoded by their gene sequence. Then, they use a recombinant plasmid to overexpress their protein in &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and purify it using nickel affinity chromatography. They characterize steady-state kinetic properties and substrate specificity of their enzymes and compare the results to previously characterized Cdc14 from the model fungal species &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; (ScCdc14), for which structural information is available. They then design an assay to test inhibition of their enzyme by a series of compounds originally identified as &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; inhibitors of ScCdc14. They choose the best one, perform computational docking to predict how it might bind to the homology-based structural model of their enzyme&rsquo;s active site that they previously generated, and finally hypothesize about ways to optimize their inhibitor structure to improve binding and specificity by taking advantage of known features of Cdc14 substrates. In the end they conclude whether or not the active site substrate specificity is conserved enough to justify using the ScCdc14 structure as a model for designing inhibitors to their enzyme. In this publication, the biochemical results and the homology based structural modeling of the Cdc14 homolog from &lt;em&gt;Magnaporthe oryzae&lt;/em&gt; are presented.&lt;/p&gt;
description: In SSP Biochemistry, high school participants conduct group research projects to characterize the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus and explore its potential as a novel antifungal target to protect crops from disease
DOI: 10.4231/jg06-q133
title: Summer Science Program in Biochemistry - Characterization of the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from Puccinia striiformis

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Research Project in SSP Biochemistry&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cdc14 enzymes have been reported to be required for normal plant infection by several plant pathogen species. In the SSP Biochemistry program, research groups of 3 participants each purify and characterize the Cdc14 homolog encoded by a different plant fungal pathogen species. Each group is initially given the gene sequence for the putative Cdc14 homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus. Their overall goal is to determine if this protein would be a suitable target for development of a novel fungicide to protect crops from pathogens. They first use bioinformatic tools to generate a hypothesis about the function of the protein encoded by their gene sequence. Then, they use a recombinant plasmid to overexpress their protein in &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and purify it using nickel affinity chromatography. They characterize steady-state kinetic properties and substrate specificity of their enzymes and compare the results to previously characterized Cdc14 from the model fungal species &lt;i&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/i&gt; (ScCdc14), for which structural information is available. They then design an assay to test inhibition of their enzyme by a series of compounds originally identified as &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; inhibitors of ScCdc14. They choose the best one, perform computational docking to predict how it might bind to the homology-based structural model of their enzyme&rsquo;s active site that they previously generated, and finally hypothesize about ways to optimize their inhibitor structure to improve binding and specificity by taking advantage of known features of Cdc14 substrates. In the end they conclude whether or not the active site substrate specificity is conserved enough to justify using the ScCdc14 structure as a model for designing inhibitors to their enzyme. In this publication, the biochemical results and the homology based structural modeling of the Cdc14 homolog from &lt;em&gt;Puccinia striiformis&lt;/em&gt; are presented.&lt;/p&gt;
description: In SSP Biochemistry, high school participants conduct group research projects to characterize the Cdc14 phosphatase homolog from a phytopathogenic fungus and explore its potential as a novel antifungal target to protect crops from disease