cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5008883.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Beneficial Effect of Maintaining Hepatic Reserve during Chemotherapy on the Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually develops in chronically damaged liver. We investigated hepatic reserves during chemotherapy of patients with advanced HCC and compensated liver function to evaluate the effect on patients' outcomes of maintaining hepatic reserve after chemotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 190 patients with Child-Pugh A with advanced HCC who were treated with sorafenib or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). We investigated the Child-Pugh score and albumin-bilirubin grade for hepatic reserve, and evaluated the effect of the change in Child-Pugh scores on patients' outcomes. Subjects were treated with sorafenib (<i>n</i> = 59) or HAIC (<i>n</i> = 131). Of patients with Child-Pugh data, 66.7% maintained or improved their Child-Pugh score after 4 weeks. Treatment with HAIC was the only factor that significantly contributed to maintaining Child-Pugh scores after 4 weeks. The overall survival of patients with a higher Child-Pugh score after 4 weeks was shorter than that of patients whose Child-Pugh classification was unchanged. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an increased Child-Pugh score after 4 weeks was one of the independent unfavorable prognostic factors. The change of hepatic reserve as a function of albumin-bilirubin grade did not significantly correlate with patients' outcomes. Maintaining the Child-Pugh score during chemotherapy benefits the outcomes of patients with advanced HCC, even those with sufficient hepatic reserve.
DOI: 10.17632/m2v6dj33s5
title: Norman et al Clostridioides difficile Toxin B subverts germinal center and antibody recall responses by stimulating a drug-treatable CXCR4-dependent mechanism

description: Raw data for the Cell Reports manuscript concerning impact of TcdB2 on germinal center reactions. The PDF attachment included (Norman et al project metadata 110623) lists all information needed to analyze and interpret the raw data and is broken down figure by figure corresponding to its organization in the manuscript. On 04/04/24, this entry was amended to add a PDF of the project metadata corresponding to the manuscript revisions (Norman et al project metadata ADDENDUM 040424) and to add raw data corresponding to new experiments that were added during the course of revision. On 04/26/24 following provisional acceptance of the revised manuscript, the final dataset was re-uploaded.

PROJECT SUMMARY:
Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) results in significant morbidity and mortality. We previously established that CDI in mice did not protect against reinfection and was associated with poor pathogen-specific B cell memory (Bmem), recapitulating our observations with human Bmem. Herein, we demonstrate that the secreted toxin TcdB2 is responsible for subversion of Bmem responses. TcdB2 from an endemic C. difficile strain delayed IgG class switch following vaccination, attenuated IgG recall to a vaccine booster, and prevented germinal center formation. The mechanism of TcdB2 action included increased B cell CXCR4 expression and responsiveness to its ligand CXCL12, accounting for altered cell migration and a failure of germinal center-dependent Bmem. These results were reproduced in a C. difficile infection model and an FDA-approved CXCR4-blocking drug rescued germinal center formation. We therefore provide mechanistic insights into C. difficile-associated pathogenesis and illuminate a target for clinical intervention to limit recurrent disease.
DOI: 10.17632/nnwjt2p7dr
title: Data  for "Online Shopping Can Redistribute Local Tax Revenue from Urban to Rural America"

description: These are the data for ``Online Shopping Can Redistribute Local Tax Revenue from Urban to Rural America'' by David R. Agrawal and Iuliia Shybalkina, published in the Journal of Public Economics.  The data and code provided in this file reproduce the results in this paper.  Researchers can also use the "data.dta" file to consider alternative research questions, with appropriate attribution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28281920.v1
title: Genome annotation files of Coreosiniperca roulei

description: Genome annotation files of Coreosiniperca roulei
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29002751.v1
title: <b>Tissue specific isoforms of </b><b><i>Clock </i></b><b>contribute to the reproductivity of </b><b><i>Drosophila</i></b>

description: The raw data files for the manuscript titled ​"Tissue-Specific Isoforms of <i>Clock</i> Contribute to the Reproductive Fitness of <i>Drosophila</i>".
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5732310.v1
title: Kaggle Display Advertising Challenge dataset

description: Criteo Display Advertising Challenge dataset, which is provided by the Criteo company on the famous machine learning website Kaggle for advertising CTR .<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6151577.v1
title: High Temperature Plastic Instability and Dynamic Strain Aging in the Tensile Behavior of AISI 316 Stainless Steel

description: The plastic instability in the stress-strain curve and work hardening of a type AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was investigated in the high temperature range of 150°C to 800°C for two strain rates. The results indicate the occurrence of plastic instability and serrations between 200°C and 650°C with peaks in both the tensile strength and work hardening rate. These plastic instability/serrations are associated with dynamic strain aging behavior. As a consequence, within the temperature interval of plastic instability, a negative value for the strain rate sensitivity was found. Based on the activation energy, it is proposed that a mechanism of substitutional solute atoms interaction with dislocations be responsible for the plastic instability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29005702.v1
title: Object Neophobia Data from Spatial neophobia is still not correlated with object neophobia in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

description: This csv. file contains the object neophobia collected and analyzed in this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8098022.v1
title: Raw data for water parameters

description: This dataset includes water quality- related parameters that were used for calculating the different indexes used in the study such as: <br> Potential Hydrogen pH Conductivity Temperature Dissolved oxygen Turbidity Total dissolved solids Phosphates (PO4) Nitrates -N (NO3) Total hardness Alkalinity DBO5 DQO Total coliforms Fecal Coliforms <br>
DOI: 10.17632/cv6h83m3wp
title: Availability, Prices, and Affordability of Antipsychotics in Selected Public and Private Health Facilities in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using WHO/HAI Methodology

description: The result was obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in two teaching hospitals in Anambra state, Nigeria, and also in 23 conveniently selected community pharmacies in the state capital between January and March 2022. Availability, affordability, and prices of the surveyed agents were assessed using the methods developed by the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m3ap8y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Xenodermichthys copei (Gill, 1884)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((1.2219 37.0382,-0.0352 36.4794,-0.0352 28.8496,8.9648 28.8496,8.9648 37.5879,8.4538 37.4177,7.4601 37.5841,6.845 37.4576,6.4593 37.5936,5.3421 37.2141,4.9133 37.3804,3.8874 37.4256,1.2219 37.0382))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0010492-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j2fnnf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 337 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Flora acuática vascular y de zonas inundables del área de protección de flora y fauna Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 337 records were derived from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0010487-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6z972h
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 105939 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Carabidae",
 "Year 1999-2001",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Machine Observation, Human Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 105939 records from 246 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0049886-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5715188
title: Mathematics and Astronomy [IO Bijapur 78]

description: Mathematics and Astronomy.

This manuscript is now IO Bijapur 78 in the India Office collections.

[metadata: Otto Loth, A Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, (volume 1), no. 766 here with further notations and hyperlinks].


766.

B 78. Size 12 in. by 81/4 in.; foll. 44. Thirty lines in a page.

Various fragments of a treatise on Astrology, with an ephemeris for the solar year beginning with 13th Sha’bân, 1006. The author is not mentioned.

Begins: يا من تفرد بالوحدانية واوجد جميع الموجودات .

Well written; headings in various colours. Many tables.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5715189
title: Mathematics and Astronomy [IO Bijapur 78]

description: Mathematics and Astronomy.

This manuscript is now IO Bijapur 78 in the India Office collections.

[metadata: Otto Loth, A Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, (volume 1), no. 766 here with further notations and hyperlinks].


766.

B 78. Size 12 in. by 81/4 in.; foll. 44. Thirty lines in a page.

Various fragments of a treatise on Astrology, with an ephemeris for the solar year beginning with 13th Sha’bân, 1006. The author is not mentioned.

Begins: يا من تفرد بالوحدانية واوجد جميع الموجودات .

Well written; headings in various colours. Many tables.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8dmcej
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2288 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Portugal",
 "TaxonKey is Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2288 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021771-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y9thmm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 18 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-100.50098 23.33653,-97.17075 23.33653,-97.17075 26.28251,-100.50098 26.28251,-100.50098 23.33653))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 18 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014593-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.88775v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 338 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-99.50265 18.56743,-96.26848 18.56743,-96.26848 23.21054,-99.50265 23.21054,-99.50265 18.56743))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 338 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014595-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ny227f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 52 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-90.12678 19.01912,-86.76453 19.01912,-86.76453 21.54882,-90.12678 21.54882,-90.12678 19.01912))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 52 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014596-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25919/y36q-pp76
title: NSW Coastal Outflows Bio-optics data

description: Collection of absorption and pigment measurements obtained from the field trips to the Clarence, Hunter and Hawkesbury Rivers in March and July 2022.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d97v5k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 369 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Peru",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 369 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014597-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29207858
title: S1 RDW_Breast Cancer_Original data for this study.csv

description: RDW AND Breast Cancer from NHANES 1999-2018
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29207858.v1
title: S1 RDW_Breast Cancer_Original data for this study.csv

description: RDW AND Breast Cancer from NHANES 1999-2018
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15571897
title: How Problematic are Suspenseful Interactions? Supplementary Material

description: Supplementary files for the paper, including:



data and R code of the online study

Limesurvey template of the questionnaire

Videos used in the study
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15571898
title: How Problematic are Suspenseful Interactions? Supplementary Material

description: Supplementary files for the paper, including:



data and R code of the online study

Limesurvey template of the questionnaire

Videos used in the study
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qwhufa
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23900 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Specimen)",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23900 records from 65 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014599-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sv2eqv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23900 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Specimen)",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23900 records from 65 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014600-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sgvjky
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 108 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 kingdom,
 kingdomkey,
 phylum,
 phylumkey,
 class,
 classkey,
 "order",
 orderkey,
 family,
 familykey,
 genus,
 genuskey,
 species,
 specieskey,
 PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day") yearmonthday,
 IF(ISNULL(kingdomkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY kingdomkey, PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day"))) kingdomcount,
 IF(ISNULL(phylumkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY phylumkey, PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day"))) phylumcount,
 IF(ISNULL(classkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY classkey, PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day"))) classcount,
 IF(ISNULL(orderkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY orderkey, PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day"))) ordercount,
 IF(ISNULL(familykey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY familykey, PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day"))) familycount,
 IF(ISNULL(genuskey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY genuskey, PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day"))) genuscount,
 COUNT(*) occurrences,
 MIN(GBIF_TEMPORALUNCERTAINTY(eventdate, eventtime)) mintemporaluncertainty,
 MIN(COALESCE(coordinateuncertaintyinmeters, 1000)) mincoordinateuncertaintyinmeters
FROM
 occurrence
WHERE
 occurrence.basisofrecord = 'PRESERVED_SPECIMEN'
 AND (occurrence.taxonkey = 2436525 OR occurrence.acceptedtaxonkey = 2436525 OR occurrence.kingdomkey = 2436525 OR occurrence.phylumkey = 2436525 OR occurrence.classkey = 2436525 OR occurrence.orderkey = 2436525 OR occurrence.familykey = 2436525 OR occurrence.genuskey = 2436525 OR occurrence.specieskey = 2436525)
 AND occurrence.hasgeospatialissues = FALSE
 AND NOT GBIF_STRINGARRAYCONTAINS(occurrence.issue, 'TAXON_MATCH_FUZZY', TRUE)
 AND (occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters &gt;= 2000.0 OR occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters IS NULL)
 AND occurrence.occurrencestatus = 'PRESENT'
 AND (occurrence.specieskey IS NOT NULL AND occurrence."year" IS NOT NULL AND occurrence."month" IS NOT NULL AND occurrence."day" IS NOT NULL)
GROUP BY
 occurrence.kingdom,
 occurrence.kingdomkey,
 occurrence.phylum,
 occurrence.phylumkey,
 occurrence.class,
 occurrence.classkey,
 occurrence."order",
 occurrence.orderkey,
 occurrence.family,
 occurrence.familykey,
 occurrence.genus,
 occurrence.genuskey,
 occurrence.species,
 occurrence.specieskey,
 PRINTF('%04d-%02d-%02d', "year", "month", "day")

 The dataset's 108 records were derived from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014598-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nmf9eh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4041 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Hylurgus ligniperda (J.C.Fabricius, 1787)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4041 records from 155 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014601-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7ujzxp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1728 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Orthotomicus caelatus Wood & Bright, 1992"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1728 records from 44 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014604-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5vb237
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1105 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Anairetes alpinus (Carriker, 1933)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1105 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014605-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nn2vvu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 849 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Phyllobates terribilis Myers, Daly & Malkin, 1978"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 849 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014606-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jghbcx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 59 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-98.13585 19.24775,-96.17888 19.24775,-96.17888 21.1329,-98.13585 21.1329,-98.13585 19.24775))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Peromyscus mexicanus (Saussure, 1860)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 59 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014607-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rgfgr5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 140 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-96.93795 17.49009,-96.20146 17.49009,-96.20146 18.33865,-96.93795 18.33865,-96.93795 17.49009))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Peromyscus mexicanus (Saussure, 1860)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 140 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014610-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5ttgjk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 695 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Specimen-based records and geographic locations of brittle stars (Echinodermata) collected from Sagami Bay"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 695 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014611-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8aamqx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 419483 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Reynoutria japonica Houtt."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 419483 records from 1675 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014602-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qjdm4q
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 17 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Hypogeomys antimena",
 "Year 1970-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 17 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025829-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16904199
title: Data associated with "Dissipation-enhanced non-reciprocal superconductivity: application to multi-valley superconductors"