cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qb8m4
title: Data from: Dynamic occupancy modeling reveals a hierarchy of competition among fishers, grey foxes, and ringtails

description: 1. Determining how species coexist is critical for understanding
 functional diversity, niche partitioning and interspecific interactions.
 Identifying the direct and indirect interactions among sympatric
 carnivores that enable their coexistence are particularly important to
 elucidate because they are integral for maintaining ecosystem function. 2.
 We studied the effects of removing 9 fishers (Pekania pennanti) on their
 population dynamics and used this perturbation to elucidate the
 interspecific interactions among fishers, grey foxes (Urocyon
 cinereoargenteus), and ringtails (Bassariscus astutus). Grey foxes
 (family: Canidae) are likely to compete with fishers due to their similar
 body sizes and dietary overlap, and ringtails (family: Procyonidae), like
 fishers, are semi-arboreal species of conservation concern. We used
 spatial capture-recapture to investigate fisher population numbers and
 dynamic occupancy models that incorporated interspecific interactions to
 investigate the effects members of these species had on the colonization
 and persistence of each other’s site occupancy. 3. The fisher population
 showed no change in density for up to three years following the removals
 of fishers for translocations. In contrast, fisher site occupancy
 decreased in the years immediately following the translocations. During
 this same time period, site occupancy by grey foxes increased and remained
 elevated through the end of the study. 4. We found a complicated hierarchy
 among fishers, foxes, and ringtails. Fishers affected grey fox site
 persistence negatively but had a positive effect on their colonization.
 Foxes had a positive effect on ringtail site colonization. Thus, fishers
 were the dominant small carnivore where present and negatively affected
 foxes directly and ringtails indirectly. 5. Coexistence among the small
 carnivores we studied appears to reflect dynamic spatial partitioning.
 Conservation and management efforts should investigate how intraguild
 interactions may influence the recolonization of carnivores to previously
 occupied landscapes.
description: Small carnivore
 competition4 data files required to
 replicate our analyses, including: "GeneticSamples.csv",
 "SiteLocations.csv", "SiteVisits.csv", and
 "TrackPlates.csv". Data were collected from sites in northern
 California and southern Oregon, USA.GreenEtAl_JAE.zip
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x7sav8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 249 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Psychroteuthis glacialis",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "DecimalLatitude is greater than -90",
 "DecimalLatitude is less than 10",
 "DecimalLongitude is greater than -180",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1950",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2014"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 249 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001177-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.35ck3
title: Data from: Good reasons to leave home: proximate dispersal cues in a social spider

description: Natal dispersal is a successful tactic under a range of conditions in
 spite of significant costs. Habitat quality is a frequent proximate cause
 of dispersal, and studies have shown that dispersal increases both when
 natal habitat quality is good or poor. In social species kin competition,
 favoring dispersal, may be balanced by the benefits of group living,
 favoring philopatry. We investigated the effect of changes in the local
 environment on natal dispersal of adult females in a social spider
 species, Stegodyphus dumicola (Araneae, Eresidae), with a flexible
 breeding system, where females can breed either within the colony or
 individually following dispersal. We manipulated foraging opportunities in
 colonies by either removing the capture webs or by adding prey and
 recorded the number of dispersing females around each focal colony, and
 their survival and reproductive success. We predicted that increasing kin
 competition should increase dispersal of less-competitive individuals,
 while reducing competition could cause either less dispersal (less
 competition) or more dispersal (a cue indicating better chances to
 establish a new colony). Dispersal occurred earlier and at a higher rate
 in both food-augmented and web-removal colonies than in control colonies.
 Fewer dispersing females survived and reproduced in the web-removal group
 than in the control or food augmented groups. The results support our
 prediction that worsening conditions in web-removal colonies favor
 dispersal, whereby increased kin competition and increased energy
 expenditure on web renewal cause females to leave the natal colony. By
 contrast, prey augmentation may serve as a habitat-quality cue; when the
 surrounding habitat is expected to be of high quality, females assess the
 potential benefit of establishing a new colony to be greater than the
 costs of dispersal.
description: proximate dispersal cues
 in a social spiderWe manipulated foraging
 opportunities in field colonies of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola,
 and tested how it affects individual reproduction dispersal. We followed
 colonies cleared of nests around them to count the number of dispersal
 nests from each colony, their distance, reproductive state, and survival.
 We used JMP for the statistical analysis.Berger Tal et al
 2016.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0dq8s
title: Data from: Opsin transcripts of predatory diving beetles: a comparison of surface and subterranean photic niches

description: The regressive evolution of eyes has long intrigued biologists yet the
 genetic underpinnings remain opaque. A system of discrete aquifers in arid
 Australia provides a powerful comparative means to explore trait
 regression at the genomic level. Multiple surface ancestors from two
 tribes of diving beetles (Dytiscidae) repeatedly invaded these calcrete
 aquifers and convergently evolved eye-less phenotypes. We use this system
 to assess transcription of opsin photoreceptor genes among the
 transcriptomes of two surface and three subterranean dytiscid species and
 test whether these genes have evolved under neutral predictions.
 Transcripts for UV,long-wavelength and ciliary-type opsins were identified
 from the surface beetle transcriptomes. Two subterranean beetles showed
 parallel loss of all opsin transcription, as expected under ‘neutral’
 regressive evolution. The third species Limbodessus palmulaoides retained
 transcription of a long-wavelength opsin (lwop) orthologue, albeit in an
 aphotic environment. Tests of selection on lwopindicated no significant
 differences between transcripts derived from surface and subterranean
 habitats, with strong evidence for purifying selection acting on L.
 palmulaoides lwop. Retention of sequence integrity and the lack of
 evidence for neutral evolution raise the question of whether we have
 identified a novel pleiotropic role for lwop, or an incipient phase of
 pseudogene development.
description: RSOS_140386_alignmentNexus alignment file of 26 opsin sequences (1005 nucleotides)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4m897
title: Data from: Are tree species diversity and genotypic diversity effects on insect herbivores mediated by ants?

description: Plant diversity can influence predators and omnivores and such effects may
 in turn influence herbivores and plants. However, evidence for these
 ecological feedbacks is rare. We evaluated if the effects of tree species
 (SD) and genotypic diversity (GD) on the abundance of different guilds of
 insect herbivores associated with big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia
 macrophylla) were contingent upon the protective effects of ants tending
 extra-floral nectaries of this species. This study was conducted within a
 larger experiment consisting of mahogany monocultures and species
 polycultures of four species and –within each of these two plot types–
 mahogany was represented by either one or four maternal families. We
 selected 24 plots spanning these treatment combinations, 10 mahogany
 plants/plot, and within each plot experimentally reduced ant abundance on
 half of the selected plants, and surveyed ant and herbivore abundance.
 There were positive effects of SD on generalist leaf-chewers and
 sap-feeders, but for the latter group this effect depended on the ant
 reduction treatment: SD positively influenced sap-feeders under ambient
 ant abundance but had no effect when ant abundance was reduced; at the
 same time, ants had negative effects on sap feeders in monoculture but no
 effect in polyculture. In contrast, SD did not influence specialist
 stem-borers or leaf-miners and this effect was not contingent upon ant
 reduction. Finally, GD did not influence any of the herbivore guilds
 studied, and such effects did not depend on the ant treatment. Overall, we
 show that tree species diversity influenced interactions between a focal
 plant species (mahogany) and ants, and that such effects in turn mediated
 plant diversity effects on some (sap-feeders) but not all the herbivores
 guilds studied. Our results suggest that the observed patterns are
 dependent on the combined effects of herbivore identity, diet breadth, and
 the source of plant diversity.
description: Abundance herbivores of
 tropical trees, effects of diversityData is collected in the
 field,on the first column Species diversity with two levels monoculture
 and polyculture. Second column Genotypic diversity with two levels one
 maternal family and four maternal families. Rest of columns Ants, Sap
 feeders, leaf chewers (abundance) , H. grandella y P. meliacella (attacks
 as proxy of abundance)DataBaseMJC-N.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jr89m60
title: Data from: Factors associated with leucism in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)

description: Leucism is the total or partial lack of melanins in the skin and associate
 structures (i.e. hair or feathers). Little is known about the factors
 influencing this chromatic aberration although some local studies suggest
 that there is an effect of habitat, age and sex. To test these hypotheses
 and expand our knowledge on leucism, we carried out a large‐scale study
 using common blackbirds (Turdus merula) as our model species. Given the
 poor information available on this topic and the variability of
 methodological approaches, we used three different methods to assess the
 effect of these variables in the presence of leucism: transects, bird
 captures and citizen science information (pictures from internet). We
 found an effect of habitat indicating that there are more leucistic
 blackbirds in cities than in non‐urban areas. In addition, we found a
 positive association between presence of white feathers and age providing
 the first large‐scale support for the progressive graying hypothesis in
 birds. This chromatic aberration was also influenced by sex, with males
 showing higher probability of leucism than females, although only for the
 capture data, indicating that the method used to study this phenomenon can
 partly influence our conclusions, and therefore suggesting caution when
 planning future studies in this topic.
description: Complete_DatabaseDatabase user for general, age and european data analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.410fc
title: Data from: Altered trait variability in response to size-selective mortality

description: Changes in trait variability owing to size-selective harvesting have
 received little attention in comparison with changes in mean trait values,
 perhaps because of the expectation that phenotypic variability should
 generally be eroded by directional selection typical for fishing and
 hunting. We show, however, that directional selection, in particular for
 large body size, leads to increased body-size variation in experimentally
 harvested zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations exposed to two alternative
 feeding environments: ad libitum and temporarily restricted food
 availability. Trait variation may influence population adaptivity,
 stability and resilience. Therefore, rather than exerting selection
 pressures that favour small individuals, our results stress the importance
 of protecting large ones, as they can harbour a great amount of variation
 within a population, to manage fish stocks sustainably.
description: Size-at-age
 dataSize at ages 35 d - 200
 dData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qv87
title: Data from: Male genital titillators and the intensity of post-copulatory sexual selection across bushcrickets

description: Animal genitalia are diverse and a growing body of evidence suggests that
 they evolve rapidly under post-copulatory sexual selection. This process
 is predicted to be more intense in polyandrous species, although there
 have been very few comparative studies of the relationship between the
 complexity of genital structures in males and measures of the degree of
 polyandry. In some bushcricket families, males possess sclerotized
 copulatory structures known as titillators, which are inserted into the
 female’s genital chamber and moved rhythmically. Like other genital
 structures, bushcricket titillators are widely used as important taxonomic
 characters and show considerable variation across species in structure,
 shape, and the extent to which they are spined. Here, we examine
 relationships between the presence/absence of titillators, titillator
 complexity, and both mating frequency and the degree of polyandry in
 bushcrickets, using phylogenetic comparative analyses. Using published
 sources combined with original observations, data were obtained for the
 mean level of polyandry, the duration of the male and female sexual
 refractory periods, and the level of complexity of titillators. To analyze
 data, we fitted phylogenetic generalized least squares models. No
 significant relationships were found between titillator presence or
 complexity and either the level of polyandry, duration of the male’s
 sexual refractory period, or the ratio of the female and male sexual
 refractory periods. The duration of the female’s refractory period,
 however, was positively associated with titillator presence and negatively
 associated with titillator complexity. The data therefore partially
 support the hypothesis that post-copulatory sexual selection drives
 genital evolution in this taxon.
description: Titillators polyandry -
 Supplementary table 1Data base for levels of
 titillator complexity, polyandry and male and female refractory
 periods
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8428t
title: Data from: Higher relatedness mitigates mortality in a nematode with lethal male fighting

description: According to kin selection theory, individuals show less aggression
 towards their relatives. Limited dispersal promotes interactions among
 relatives but also increases competition among them. The evolution of
 cooperation in viscous populations has been subject of mainly theoretical
 exploration. We investigated the influence of relatedness on aggression in
 males of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema longicaudum that engage in
 lethal fighting. In a series of in vitro experiments, we found that both
 competitor male group size and relatedness influence male mortality rates.
 Higher relatedness led to progressively lower rates of male mortality. In
 experimentally infected insects, wherein large numbers of males and
 females interact, the proportion of dead and paralysed (= terminally
 injured) males was higher when infection was established by infective
 juveniles originating from a mixture of three lines than in those infected
 by a single line. The results collectively show that Steinernema
 longicaudum males recognize their kin and consequently male mortality
 rates are lower in groups consisting of more related males. Furthermore,
 this monotonic negative relationship between aggression and relatedness
 suggests that kin selection benefits are still substantial even under
 extreme competition. Our experiments also suggest that kin recognition in
 entomopathogenic nematodes has a genetic basis rather than being strictly
 based on environmental cues. We discuss our findings within the
 theoretical context of the evolution of altruistic/cooperative behaviour
 in structured populations.
description: nematode fights data
 JEB
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4d2r7
title: Data from: House sparrows offset the physiological trade-off between immune response and feather growth by adjusting foraging behavior

description: Growing feathers and mounting immune responses are both energetically
 costly for birds. According to the life history trade-off hypothesis, it
 has been posited that the costs of feather growth lead to temporal
 isolation between molt and other expensive activities, reproduction for
 example. In contrast to life cycle events, the need to mount an immune
 response can occur at any time, including during feather growth. Thus, we
 hypothesized that mounting an immune response during feather growth may
 divert energy and resources from feather growth and impair feather
 renewal. To test this hypothesis, we clipped or plucked the same feathers
 of male house sparrows, Passer domesticus biblicus. In the clipped group
 (n = 16), the feathers were absent with no regrowth; in the plucked group
 (n = 14), feathers were absent and regrowth was initiated. We also had an
 intact control group of 15 sparrows. We then initiated an inflammatory
 immune response by subcutaneous injection over the left breast muscle of
 the birds with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and quantified behavioral and
 physiological responses. We predicted that sparrows with plucked feathers
 would incur the highest energetic costs while mounting an immune response,
 and would increase their foraging effort to offset this cost. We found no
 difference in body mass and resting metabolic rates among sparrows
 subjected to the different feather and immune treatments. However, we did
 find that while sparrows with plucked feathers increased foraging
 efficiency following the immune challenge by paying fewer but longer
 visits to the food tray, allowing them to maintain food consumption.
 Foraging efficiency in sparrows with clipped feathers was reduced. We also
 found that quality of newly grown feathers after the immune challenge was
 poorer in the plucked group, suggesting that mounting an immune response
 competes with feather growth for resources.
description: body mass and body
 temperatureThe daily measurements
 of body mass and temperature during the 9 experimental
 daysbody
 mass.csvAmbient
 temperatureThe ambient temperature
 during the experiment measured in 3 hour intervalsta
 data.csvFeatherThe measurements taken from plucked feathers taken from the plucked group at the end of the experimentForaging activityThe data that describe the foraging activity of the sparrows during the experimentgud analyzed.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pj860
title: Data from: Shades of red: bird-pollinated flowers target the specific colour discrimination abilities of avian vision

description: Colour signals are a major cue in putative pollination syndromes. There is
 evidence that the reflectance spectra of many flowers target the
 distinctive visual discrimination abilities of hymenopteran insects, but
 far less is known about bird-pollinated flowers. Birds are hypothesized to
 exert different selective pressures on floral colour compared with
 hymenopterans because of differences in their visual systems. We measured
 the floral reflectance spectra of 206 Australian angiosperm species whose
 floral visitors are known from direct observation rather than inferred
 from floral characteristics. We quantified the match between these spectra
 and the hue discrimination abilities of hymenopteran and avian vision, and
 analysed these metrics in a phylogenetically informed comparison of
 flowers in different pollination groups. We show that bird-visited flowers
 and insect-visited flowers differ significantly from each other in the
 chromatic cues they provide, and that the differences are concentrated
 near wavelengths of optimal colour discrimination by whichever class of
 pollinator visits the flowers. Our results indicate that angiosperms have
 evolved the spectral signals most likely to reinforce their pollinators’
 floral constancy (the tendency of individual pollinators to visit flowers
 of the same species) in communities of similarly coloured floral
 competitors.
description: Shrestha et al_New
 Phytol 2013_Species and Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5b79m
title: Data from: Reproductive isolation and patterns of genetic differentiation in a cryptic butterfly species complex

description: Molecular studies of natural populations are often designed to detect and
 categorize hidden layers of cryptic diversity, and an emerging pattern
 suggests that cryptic species are more common and more widely distributed
 than previously thought. However, these studies are often decoupled from
 ecological and behavioural studies of species divergence. Thus, the
 mechanisms by which the cryptic diversity is distributed and maintained
 across large spatial scales are often unknown. In 1988, it was discovered
 that the common Eurasian Wood White butterfly consisted of two species
 (Leptidea sinapis and Leptidea reali), and the pair became an emerging
 model for the study of speciation and chromosomal evolution. In 2011, the
 existence of a third cryptic species (Leptidea juvernica) was proposed.
 This unexpected discovery raises questions about the mechanisms preventing
 gene flow and about the potential existence of additional species hidden
 in the complex. Here, we compare patterns of genetic divergence across
 western Eurasia in an extensive data set of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
 sequences with behavioural data on inter- and intraspecific reproductive
 isolation in courtship experiments. We show that three species exist in
 accordance with both the phylogenetic and biological species concepts and
 that additional hidden diversity is unlikely to occur in Europe. The
 Leptidea species are now the best studied cryptic complex of butterflies
 in Europe and a promising model system for understanding the formation of
 cryptic species and the roles of local processes, colonization patterns
 and heterospecific interactions for ecological and evolutionary
 divergence.
description: Heterospecific
 interactionsThe dataset underlying
 the analysis of heterospecific reproductive isolation between Leptidea
 sinapis, L. reali and L. juvernica.DryadCoreheterospecificdataset.txtConspecific interactions among L. sinapis and L. juvernicaOutcome of mating interactions between conspecific populations of Leptidea sinapis and Leptidea juvernica, respectively.DryadConspecificdataset_L.s_L.j.txt