DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd07t
title: Data from: Outbreeding effects in an inbreeding insect, Cimex lectularius

description: In some species, populations with few founding individuals can be
 resilient to extreme inbreeding. Inbreeding seems to be the norm in the
 common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, a flightless insect that, nevertheless,
 can reach large deme sizes and persist successfully. However, bed bugs can
 also be dispersed passively by humans, exposing inbred populations to gene
 flow from genetically distant populations. The introduction of genetic
 variation through this outbreeding could lead to increased fitness
 (heterosis) or be costly by causing a loss of local adaptation or exposing
 genetic incompatibility between populations (outbreeding depression).
 Here, we addressed how inbreeding within demes and outbreeding between
 distant populations impact fitness over two generations in this
 re-emerging public health pest. We compared fitness traits of families
 that were inbred (mimicking reproduction following a founder event) or
 outbred (mimicking reproduction following a gene flow event). We found
 that outbreeding led to increased starvation resistance compared to inbred
 families, but this benefit was lost after two generations of outbreeding.
 No other fitness benefits of outbreeding were observed in either
 generation, including no differences in fecundity between the two
 treatments. Resilience to inbreeding is likely to result from the history
 of small founder events in the bed bug. Outbreeding benefits may only be
 detectable under stress and when heterozygosity is maximized without
 disruption of coadaptation. We discuss the consequences of these results
 both in terms of inbreeding and outbreeding in populations with genetic
 and spatial structuring, as well as for the recent resurgence of bed bug
 populations.
description: Fecundity measures for
 two generations of inbreeding/outbreeding in the common bed
 bugThis file contains
 fecundity measures for two generations of inbreeding and outbreeding in
 the common bed bug. The file gives multiple measures per female. line =
 focal female, female/male.pop and .line = origin of parents as outlined in
 manuscript. Abbreviated names: S1 = Lab stock, 4S = mixed stock, F4 =
 field UK, K12 = field Kenya. Parent pop and line information are not given
 in outbred g2 individuals as they are no longer meaningful here (see
 manuscript) Parents size is given in (f.pronotum/m.pronotum), week = time
 point where eggs were collected, fertile = Number of fertile eggs,
 infertile = Number of Infertile eggs, total = Total number of eggs.
 Egg.size is given in mm and measured as length of egg.g1.g2.analyse.combine.csvOffspring survival after starvation after one generation of inbreeding and outbreeding in the common bed bugThis file contains survival of adult offspring after one generation of inbreeding and outbreeding in the common bed bug. Individuals were starved and their survival recorded. line = focal mother, female/male.pop and .line = origin of parents as outlined in manuscript. Abbreviated names: S1 = Lab stock, 4S = mixed stock, F4 = field UK, K12 = field Kenya. Parents size is given in (f.pronotum/m.pronotum), sex = gender of offspring, event: 1 = death, 0 = survived, time = day of sampling. Sampling was stopped at day 70.g1.adult.survival.final.csvOffspring survival after starvation after two generations of inbreeding and outbreeding in the common bed bugThis file contains survival of adult offspring after two generations of inbreeding and outbreeding in the common bed bug. line = focal mother, female/male.pop and .line = origin of parents as outlined in manuscript. Abbreviated names: S1 = Lab stock, 4S = mixed stock, F4 = field UK, K12 = field Kenya. Parent pop and line information are not given in outbred individuals as they are no longer meaningful here (see manuscript). Parents size is given in (f.pronotum/m.pronotum), sex = gender of offspring, event = 1 = death, 0 = survived, time = day of sampling. Sampling was stopped at day 70.g2.adult.survival.final.csvOffspring body size after two generations of inbreeding and outbreeding in the common bed bugThis file contains body size measures (pronotum width) for adult offspring after one or two generations of inbreeding and outbreeding in the common bed bug. The file gives multiple measures per female. line = focal female (mother), female/male.pop and .line = origin of parents as outlined in manuscript. Abbreviated names: S1 = Lab stock, 4S = mixed stock, F4 = field UK, K12 = field Kenya. Parent pop and line information are not given in outbred g2 individuals as they are no longer meaningful here (see manuscript) Parents size is given in (f.pronotum/m.pronotum), female.off = female offspring size, male.off = male offspring size. There are multiple offspring measured for each mother.g1.g2.analyse.bodysize.csv