DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc9t
title: Sex-specific consequences of juvenile dispersal for survival and reproduction in an island lizard

description: Dispersal is a costly, though potentially rewarding, behavior with
 important fitness consequences for juveniles. When the costs or benefits
 of juvenile dispersal differ between sexes, sex-biased dispersal should be
 favored, though such sex-specific consequences are rarely measured for
 multiple components of lifetime fitness in the wild. Here, we use detailed
 mark-recapture data from four annual cohorts of juveniles with associated
 estimates of juvenile survival and adult reproductive success from genetic
 parentage to measure natural selection on two dispersal phenotypes (binary
 dispersal propensity and continuous dispersal distance) in an island
 population of lizards (Anolis sagrei). Juvenile dispersal was consistently
 male-biased, with males exhibiting a higher propensity to disperse and
 dispersing twice as far as females. Males that dispersed had higher
 survival to adulthood and total fitness than males that remained
 philopatric, whereas fitness components did not differ between dispersing
 and philopatric females. Although this result indicates that the fitness
 benefits of dispersal are sex-specific, we found no difference in fitness
 components between dispersing and philopatric males after accounting for
 body size, which was positively correlated with dispersal. Likewise, we
 did not consistently detect direct selection on dispersal distance in
 either sex when including body size in multivariate selection analyses,
 nor did we find consistent correlational selection on combinations of body
 size and dispersal distance in either sex. We conclude that selection on
 juvenile dispersal propensity is sex-specific, but likely indirect and
 mediated through its positive association with body size in males.
description: # Dryad dataset Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc9t](10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc9t) ## Description of the
 data and file structure The findings of this paper are drawn from a
 mark-recapture and genotyping study carried out on a focal island
 population of brown anole lizards (*Anolis sagrei*) within the Guana
 Tolomato Matanzas Natural Estuarine Research Reserve in Florida. Although
 animals in this population have been tracked between 2011 and 2021 from a
 long-term ongoing study, this dataset primarily focuses on the individuals
 in the 2015-2018 cohorts, their survival, reproductive fitness, and
 locations at various censuses throughout the year. In this study, we
 evaluated the sex-specific fitness consequences of juvenile dispersal in
 the wild. We tested for selection on both the propensity to disperse and
 on the distance dispersed.  Based on the methods, the dataset provided
 illustrates individual identity of animals (e.g., ID, Sex, Cohort),
 location of capture information (zone location by age and season), fitness
 of individuals (S_1_1_spring, survival to adulthood; off_count_year_1,
 First year reproductive success; tot_off, Lifetime Reproductive success).
 The mother’s location through her lifetime, as determined by genetic
 parentage, is also provided. Dispersal variables at various timepoints are
 displayed as both the zone location dispersed to and from (e.g., j04_11)
 and as the distances between those zone locations dispersed to and from
 (eg., j04_11_dist).  ### Files and variables #### File: dispersal.data.csv
 **Description:** The following variables are present in the dataset. #####
 Variables | Variable | Description | | :-------------------------------- |
 :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ID | Animal ID; Unique identifying ID number given to each captured individual. | | Sex | Sex (Categorical variable, M = male, F = female) | | Cohort | Hatch year; Assignment based on the year in which the individual was known to be born (e.g., a cohort 2015 individual would have hatched in the year 2015). | | Tree\_0\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's natal year, in the 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_0\_4\_fall\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's natal year, 4th census (fall). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_1\_1\_spring\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 1st census (spring). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_1\_2\_esumm\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_1\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_1\_4\_fall\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 4th census (fall). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_2\_1\_spring\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 1st census (spring). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_2\_2\_esumm\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 1st census (spring). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_2\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Tree\_2\_4\_fall\_corrected | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 4th census (fall). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_0\_3\_lsumm | Mother's zone of capture in her natal year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Age | The age (in years) of the mother at the time of offspring hatching. Determined based on the cohort that the mother was born into, as well as her survival data. | | S\_1\_1\_spring | Survival to the first reproductive year, first census (spring); binary ( 0 = died; 1= survived) | | off\_count\_year\_1 | Total number of assigned offspring during an individual's first reproductive year | | tot\_off | Total number of assigned offspring over an individual's lifetime | | Dam\_Tree\_1\_2\_esumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her first reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_1\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her first reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_2\_2\_esumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her second reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_2\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her second reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_3\_2\_esumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her third reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_3\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her third reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_4\_2\_esumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her fourth reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | Dam\_Tree\_4\_3\_lsumm\_corrected | Mother's zone of capture in her fourth reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j00\_03 | The presumed hatch zone followed by the zone of capture in an individual's natal year, 3rd census (late summer; e.g., H7H11). The 'presumed hatch zone' is the zone of the mother at the approximate time that the offspring egg was laid. Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j00\_03\_corrected | Distance (in meters) between the presumed hatch zone and the individual's zone of capture in their natal year, 3rd census (late summer). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j00\_04 | The presumed hatch zone followed by the zone of capture in an individual's natal year, 4th census (fall; e.g., H7H11). The 'presumed hatch zone' is the location of the mother at the approximate time that the offspring egg was laid. Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j00\_04\_corrected | Distance (in meters) between the presumed hatch zone and the individual's zone of capture in their natal year, 4th census (fall). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j00\_11 | The presumed hatch zone followed by the individual's zone in their 1st reproductive year, 1st census (spring; e.g., H7H11). The 'presumed hatch zone' is the location of the mother at the approximate time that the offspring egg was laid. Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j00\_11\_corrected | The distance (in meters) between the presumed hatch zone and the individual's zone of capture in their 1st reproductive year, 1st census (spring). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | mjtrees | The mother's zone at the time that the offspring egg was laid followed by the zone that the individual was first observed (natal year, 3rd census, late summer; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | mjdistance | The distance (in meters) between the mother's zone at the time the offspring egg was laid and the zone that the individual was first observed (natal year, 3rd census, late summer). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | Mass\_0\_3\_lsumm | Measured body weight of individuals (in grams) during their natal year, 3rd census (late summer) | | SVL\_0\_3\_lsumm | Measured snout-vent length (mm) during an individual's natal year, 3rd census (late summer) | | j03\_04 | The zone of capture during an individual's natal year, 3rd census (late summer) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's Location natal year, 4th census (fall; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j04\_11 | The zone of capture during an individual's natal year, 4th census (fall) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year 1st census (spring; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j11\_12 | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 1st census (spring) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j12\_13 | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer) (e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j13\_14 | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 4th census (fall; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j14\_21 | The zone of capture during an individual's first reproductive year, 4th census (fall) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 1st census (spring; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j21\_22 | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 1st census (spring) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j22\_23 | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j23\_24 | The zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer) followed by the zone of capture during an individual's second reproductive year, 4th census (fall; e.g., H7H11). Unique ID codes for each zone (e.g., H72F) refer to the study island (H), the tree number (1-100), and areas of small shrubs and vegetation (M/Y) or open grass, mud, and sand (F) adjacent to a particular tree. Zone IDs with an underscore character indicate areas located between two numbered trees (e.g., H25\_H26). NA values indicate a missing zone location. | | j03\_04\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the natal year, 3rd census (late summer) and the zone of capture during the natal year, 4th census (fall). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j04\_11\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the natal year, 4th census (fall) and the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 1st census (spring). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j11\_12\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 1st census (spring) and the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j12\_13\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer) and the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j13\_14\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer) and the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 4th census (fall). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j14\_21\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the first reproductive year, 4th census (fall) and the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 1st census (spring). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j21\_22\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 1st census (spring) and the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j22\_23\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 2nd census (early summer) and the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | j23\_24\_dist | Distance (in meters) between the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 3rd census (late summer) and the zone of capture during the second reproductive year, 4th census (fall). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | sdisp0 | Binary dispersal from the zone where an individual was first observed (natal year, 3rd census, late summer) to the zone they were captured in during their natal year, 4th census (fall); 0 meter threshold; (0 = philopatric, whereby an individual was captured in the exact same zone; 1 = disperser; whereby an individual was captured in any other zone). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | disp0 | Binary dispersal from the individual's presumed hatch zone to the zone of capture in their natal year 4th census (fall); 0 meter threshold; (philopatric = an individual was captured in the exact same zone; disperser = an individual was captured in any other zone). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | disp5 | Binary dispersal from the individual's presumed hatch zone to the zone of capture in their natal year 4th census (fall); 5 meter threshold; (philopatric = an individual was captured within 5 meters of their original zone; disperser = an individual was captured more than 5 meters from their original zone). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | disp10 | Binary dispersal from the individual's presumed hatch zone to the zone of capture in their natal year 4th census (fall); 10 meter threshold; (philopatric = an individual was captured within 10 meters of their original zone; disperser = an individual was captured more than 10 meters from their original zone). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | mjdisp0 | Binary distance between the zone of a mother at the time the offspring egg was laid and the zone where an individual was first observed (natal year, 3rd census, late summer); 0 meter threshold; (0=mother/offspring captured in the same zone; 1=mother/offspring captured in different zones). NA values indicate cases when distance could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | mjdisp5 | Binary distance between the zone of a mother at the time the offspring egg was laid and the zone where an individual was first observed (natal year, 3rd census, late summer); 5 meter threshold; (0=mother/offspring captured in zones within 5 meters of one another; 1=mother/offspring captured in zones more than 5 meters of one another). NA values indicate cases when distance could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | mjdisp10 | Binary distance between the zone of a mother at the time the offspring egg was laid and the zone where an individual was first observed (natal year, 3rd census, late summer); 10 meter threshold; (0=mother/offspring captured in zones within 10 meters of one another; 1=mother/offspring captured in zones more than 10 meters of one another). NA values indicate cases when distance could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | SVL\_0\_4\_fall | Measured snout-vent length (mm) during an individual's natal year, 4th census, fall | | SVL\_1\_1\_spring | Measured snout-vent length (mm) during an individual's 1st reproductive year, 1st census, spring | | jdisp0 | Binary dispersal from the individual's presumed hatch zone to the zone of capture in their natal year, 4th census (fall); (0 = philopatric, whereby an individual was captured in the exact same zone; 1 = disperser; whereby an individual was captured in any other zone). NA values indicate cases when dispersal could not be estimated due to a missing zone location. | | Dam | Mother's ID; The unique identifying ID number given to the individual's mother. | ## Code/software We used RStudio to wrangle and analyze data. The following is the complete list of packages we used in analyzing and plotting the data. The Rcode used to analyze the dataset to reproduce analyses and figures in the paper is available upon request. Requests may be sent to the Corresponding Author: C. Ashlyn Crain at the following email address - [nuu6ck@virginia.edu](mailto:nuu6ck@virginia.edu) * **readxl**: Wickham H, Bryan J (2022). \_readxl: Read Excel Files_. R package version 1.4.1, &lt;[https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl&gt;](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl&gt;). * **ggplot2**: H. Wickham. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York, 2016. * **psych**: Revelle, W. (2022) psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych) Version = 2.2.9. * **lmerTest**: Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB (2017). “lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models.” Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1-26. doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i13. [https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13](https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13). * **lme4**: Douglas Bates, Martin Maechler, Ben Bolker, Steve Walker (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1-48. doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01. * **patchwork**: Pedersen T (2023). \_patchwork: The Composer of Plots_. R package version 1.1.3, [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=patchwork](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=patchwork). * **DHARMa**: Hartig F (2022). DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level / Mixed) Regression Models. R package version 0.4.6, [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa). * **emmeans**: Lenth R (2023). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means_. R package version 1.8.5, [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans). * **readr**: Wickham H, Hester J, Bryan J (2023). readr: Read Rectangular Text Data. R package version 2.1.4, [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readr](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readr). * **MASS**: Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer, New York. 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