cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd73k
title: Data from: Evolution of Acoustic and Visual Signals in Asian Barbets

description: The study of animal communication systems is an important step towards
 gaining greater understanding of the processes influencing diversification
 because signals often play an important role in mate choice and can lead
 to reproductive isolation. Signal evolution can be influenced by a
 diversity of factors such as biophysical constraints on the emitter, the
 signalling environment, or selection to avoid heterospecific matings.
 Furthermore, because signals can be costly to produce, trade-offs may
 exist between different types of signals. Here, we apply phylogenetic
 comparative analyses to study the evolution of acoustic and visual signals
 in Asian barbets, a clade of non-Passerine, forest-dependent birds. Our
 results suggest that evolution of acoustic and visual signals in barbets
 is influenced by diverse factors, such as morphology and signalling
 environment, suggesting a potential effect of sensory drive. We found no
 trade-offs between visual and acoustic signals. Quite to the contrary,
 more colourful species sing significantly longer songs. Song
 characteristics presented distinct patterns of evolution. Song frequency
 diverged early on and the rate of evolution of this trait appears to be
 constrained by body size. On the other hand, characteristics associated
 with length of the song presented evidence for more recent divergence.
 Finally, our results indicate that there is a spatial component to the
 evolution of visual signals, and that visual signals are more divergent
 between closely related taxa than acoustic signals. Hence, visual signals
 in these species could play a role in speciation or reinforcement of
 reproductive isolation following secondary contacts.
description: Data DRYAD
 BarbetsMorphological,
 ecological and song characteristics data for the 42 Asian barbets included
 in the analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b6h36
title: Data from: Hormonal, behavioral, and life-history traits exhibit correlated shifts in relation to population establishment in a novel environment

description: Climate change, habitat alteration, range expansions, and biological
 invasions are all predicted to require rapid shifts in multiple traits
 including behavior and life history, both for initial population
 establishment and subsequent adaptation. Hormonal mechanisms likely play a
 key role in facilitating or constraining plastic and genetic responses for
 suites of traits, but few studies have evaluated their role in shaping
 contemporary adaptation or diversification. We examined multiple
 phenotypic adjustments and associated hormonal changes following a recent
 (early 1980s) colonization event, in which a temperate-breeding songbird,
 the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), became established in the
 Mediterranean climate of San Diego, California. The milder climate has led
 to an extended breeding season and year-round residency, and we document
 shifts in multiple sexually selected behaviors and plumage traits.
 Testosterone titers in San Diego were elevated for longer but with a lower
 peak value compared to a nearby native-range population, and correlations
 between testosterone and related traits were similar within and among
 populations. A common garden study indicated that changes in testosterone
 likely represent plastic responses to the less seasonal environment of the
 city, providing the context against which subsequent genetic changes in
 morphology likely occurred. We argue that correlated shifts in multiple
 traits, organized by underlying physiology, may be a generally important
 element of many successful adjustments to changing environments.
description: Data underlying
 comparisons within and among recently divergent junco populations in a
 novel environment: testosterone (seasonal & peak), parental care,
 aggression, extrapair behavior, plumage ornaments, breeding
 phenologyExcel file with mutiple
 worksheets, each titled to indicate contents.Atwell.et.al.AmNat.2014-Testosterone&Phenotypes.UCSDvsMt.Laguna.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s0b14
title: Data from: Rearing group size determines social competence and brain structure in a cooperatively breeding cichlid

description: Social animals can greatly benefit from well-developed social skills.
 Because the frequency and diversity of social interactions often increase
 with the size of social groups, the benefits of advanced social skills can
 be expected to increase with group size. Variation in social skills often
 arises during ontogeny, depending on early social experience. Whether
 variation of social-group sizes affects development of social skills and
 related changes in brain structures remains unexplored. We investigated
 whether, in a cooperatively breeding cichlid, early group size (1) shapes
 social behavior and social skills and (2) induces lasting plastic changes
 in gross brain structures and (3) whether the development of social skills
 is confined to a sensitive ontogenetic period. Rearing-group size and the
 time juveniles spent in these groups interactively influenced the
 development of social skills and the relative sizes of four main brain
 regions. We did not detect a sensitive developmental period for the
 shaping of social behavior within the 2-month experience phase. Instead,
 our results suggest continuous plastic behavioral changes over time. We
 discuss how developmental effects on social behavior and brain
 architecture may adaptively tune phenotypes to their current or future
 environments.
description: Rearing group size
 determines social competence and brain structure in a cooperatively
 breeding cichlidEach work sheet
 represents the data for the experience phase, social challenge test, brain
 analysis and size measurements. For details on column headings see
 comments.data_Rearing group size
 determines social competence and brain structure in a cooperatively
 breeding cichlid_AmNat_new_2_5.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1s27n
title: Data from: Mate-guarding by male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) is associated with female MHC genotype

description: Female choice for male major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype has
 been widely tested, but the relationship between male mating strategies
 and female MHC genotype has received far less attention. Moreover, few
 studies of MHC-associated mate choice test for the fitness effects
 underlying such choice. We examined mate-guarding by male mandrills, a
 species with intense male–male competition and female offspring care. We
 developed a statistical model based on 10 years of observations to
 describe how the probability a female is mate-guarded varies across her
 sexual cycle, among cycles and among females. We accounted for female
 rank, parity, and maternal relatedness. We then tested whether the
 occurrence of mate-guarding is influenced by 1) MHC dissimilarity, 2)
 female MHC diversity, and 3) specific female MHC genotypes. Finally, we
 tested for associations between MHC variables and the ratio of neutrophils
 to lymphocytes in blood samples taken during routine captures. The
 best-fit models included either MHC dissimilarity (males were more likely
 to mate-guard more dissimilar females, and there was some evidence of
 preference for intermediate MHC dissimilarity) or a specific MHC
 supertype. Four of 11 supertypes investigated were influential and one had
 a strong negative influence on mate-guarding. We found some evidence that
 the MHC genotype that attracted the least mate-guarding was
 disadvantageous in terms of immune function. However, we did not find
 evidence that MHC diversity was related to immune function. These results
 suggest that highly competitive males modify their mating behavior based
 on female MHC genotype, and a possible fitness benefit to mate choice for
 specific genotypes.
description: Setchell et al data
 Behav Ecol June 2016This data file includes
 the raw data that we used to perform our analyses in a single Excel
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.092fc
title: Data from: Implementing an evolutionary framework for understanding genetic relationships of phenotypically defined insect biotypes in the invasive soybean aphid (Aphis glycines)

description: Adaptive evolution of pest insects in response to the introduction of
 resistant cultivars is well documented and commonly results in virulent
 (i.e. capable of feeding upon resistant cultivars) insect populations
 being labeled as distinct biotypes. Phenotypically defined, biotypes
 frequently remain evolutionarily indistinct, resulting in ineffective
 application of virulence control measures and shorter durability of
 resistant cultivars. Here we utilize an evolutionary framework to discern
 the genetic relationship between biotypes of the soybean aphid (Aphis
 glycines, Matsumura). The soybean aphid is invasive in North America, and
 is among the most destructive pests of commercial soybean on the
 continent. Attempts to breed host-plant resistant soybean have been
 hampered by the emergence of virulent aphid biotypes that are unaffected
 by the plant’s resistance mechanism(s). Comparative population genetic
 analysis of virulent and avirulent (i.e. unable to feed on resistant
 cultivars) biotypes found populations to be genetically indistinguishable
 across biotype and geographic distance, with high rates of
 inter-population immigration and admixture. The lack of genetic
 distinction between biotypes coupled with elevated genotypic diversity
 within all populations suggested virulence has a non-genetic based or
 includes a gene complex that is widely distributed throughout soybean
 aphid populations, which undergo regular dispersal and unimpeded sexual
 recombination.
description: Master_GenePopThe unabridged data in GenePop format as was generated by GenAlEx. For information regarding identification codes of individual aphids or reducing the data to a working set as was referenced in the published manuscript please consult the read me file: "ReadMe_AGlycines.txt"Master_GenAlExThe unabridged data in GenAlEx format. For information regarding identification codes of individual aphids or reducing the data to a working set as was referenced in the published manuscript please consult the read me file: "ReadMe_AGlycines.txt"
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ms8j6j
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 40 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Anthocercis gracilis",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 40 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000812-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s95s6
title: Data from: Life-history traits of Macrolophus pygmaeus with different prey foods

description: Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a generalist predatory
 mirid widely used in augmentative biological control of various insect
 pests in greenhouse tomato production in Europe, including the invasive
 tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae).
 However, its biocontrol efficacy often relies on the presence of
 alternative prey. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of
 various prey foods (Ephestia kuehniella eggs, Bemisia tabaci nymphs, Tuta
 absoluta eggs and Macrosiphum euphorbiae nymphs) on some life history
 traits of M. pygmaeus. Both nymphal development and adult fertility of M.
 pygmaeus were significantly affected by prey food type, but not survival.
 Duration of nymphal stage was higher when M. pygmaeus fed on T. absoluta
 eggs compared to the other prey. Mean fertility of M. pygmaeus females was
 greatest when fed with B. tabaci nymphs, and was greater when offered M.
 euphorbiae aphids and E. kuehniella eggs than when offered T. absoluta
 eggs. Given the low quality of T. absoluta eggs, the efficacy of M.
 pygmaeus to control T. absoluta may be limited in the absence of other
 food sources. Experiments for assessing effectiveness of generalist
 predators should involve the possible impact of prey preference as well as
 a possible prey switching.
description: Data_brutIn this data, we have developmment and survival of Macrolophus pygmaeus feed on different prey.We measured also the fertility of females Macrolophus rearing on these prey.Data_analysesThis is summary data used for statistical tests.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hq65
title: Data from: The impact of high-order epistasis in the within-host fitness of a positive-sense plant RNA virus

description: RNA viruses are the main source of emerging infectious diseases because of
 the evolutionary potential bestowed by their fast replication, large
 population sizes and high mutation and recombination rates. However, an
 equally important property, which is usually neglected, is the topography
 of the fitness landscape. How many fitness maxima exist and how well they
 are connected is especially interesting, as this determines the number of
 accessible evolutionary pathways. To address this question, we have
 reconstructed a region of the fitness landscape of tobacco etch potyvirus
 constituted by mutations observed during the experimental adaptation of
 the virus to the novel host Arabidopsis thaliana. Fitness was measured for
 many genotypes, and showed the existence of multiple peaks and holes in
 the landscape. We found prevailing epistatic effects between mutations,
 with cases of reciprocal sign epistasis being common among pairs of
 mutations. We also found that high-order epistasis were as important as
 pairwise epistasis in their contribution to fitness. Therefore, results
 suggest that the landscape was rugged due to the existence of holes caused
 by lethal genotypes, that a very limited number of potential neutral paths
 exist, and that contained a single adaptive peak.
description: Raw
 dataPage 1 contains the raw
 estimates of viral genomes concentrations from the qPCR, the computed
 malthusian parameters and relative fitness, means, variances, SEM and
 t-tests for differences with wildtype genome (00000). Page 2 contains the
 analyses of global epistasis. Page 3 the analyses of the type of global
 epistasis. Page 4 the analyses of local epistasis. Page 5 the analysis of
 the type of local epistasis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.61mk0
title: Data from: How phylogeny and foraging ecology drive the level of chemosensory exploration in lizards and snakes

description: The chemical senses are crucial for squamates (lizards and snakes). The
 extent to which squamates utilize their chemosensory system, however,
 varies greatly among taxa and species’ foraging strategies, and played an
 influential role in squamate evolution. In lizards, Scleroglossa evolved a
 state where species use chemical cues to search for food
 (active-foragers), while Iguania retained the use of vision to hunt prey
 (ambush-foragers). However, such strict dichotomy is flawed since shifts
 in foraging modes have occurred in all clades. Here, we attempted to
 disentangle effects of foraging ecology from phylogenetic trait
 conservatism as leading cause of the disparity in chemosensory investment
 among squamates. To do so, we used species’ tongue-flick rate (TFR) in
 absence of ecological relevant chemical stimuli as a proxy for its
 fundamental level of chemosensory investigation, i.e. baseline TFR. Based
 on literature data of nearly 100 species and using phylogenetic
 comparative methods, we tested whether and how foraging mode and diet
 affect baseline TFR. Our results show that baseline TFR is higher in
 active than ambush foragers. Although baseline TFRs appear
 phylogenetically stable in some lizard taxa, that is a consequence of
 concordant stability of foraging mode: when foraging mode shifts within
 taxa, so does baseline TFR. Also, baseline TFR is a good predictor of prey
 chemical discriminatory ability, as we established a strong positive
 relationship between baseline TFR and TFR in response to prey. Baseline
 TFR is unrelated to diet. Essentially, foraging mode, not phylogenetic
 relatedness, drives convergent evolution of similar levels of squamate
 chemosensory investigation.
description: Dryad_dataBaseline and prey tongue-flick rate, diet and foraging mode for 94 lepidosaurian species, assembled from available literature. I-C, insectivorous-carnivorous; O, omnivorous; H, herbivorous; SW, sit-and-wait foraging; AC, active foraging.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cq562
title: Data from: Human disturbance increases functional but not structural variability of stream fungal communities

description: Temporal stability of ecosystem functions is often regulated by the same
 environmental factors that also shape diversity. Therefore, species
 diversity, ecosystem functions and their environmental regulators should
 be considered together to understand and predict the consequences of
 anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystems. We studied the influence of
 land-use disturbance (agriculture) and a natural stressor (low pH due to
 specific geology) on the temporal variability (variability among
 successive years) of fungal decomposer communities and leaf decomposition
 rates in streams. We used next-generation sequencing techniques
 (pyrosequencing) to determine the composition of fungal assemblages.
 Temporal variability of leaf decomposition was higher in human-disturbed
 streams than in circumneutral reference or naturally acidic sites, whereas
 the latter two did not differ. Fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU)
 richness and evenness were lower in human-impacted sites than in
 circumneutral reference sites. However, there were no significant
 differences between stream types in the temporal variability of fungal
 community composition. Fungal OTU evenness was negatively and among-year
 variability of water chemistry positively related to temporal variability
 in leaf decomposition. Partial regressions showed that these two factors
 had independent effects on decomposition rates. Although the dominant OTUs
 in the disturbed streams were temporally stable, they did not maintain
 stable ecosystem functions, suggesting that variability in decomposition
 was driven mainly by changes in the metabolic responses of dominant taxa
 to environmental fluctuations. Our results show that leaf decomposition
 rates in reference sites vary little through time, supporting the use of
 leaf decomposition assays in bioassessment. Our results also highlight the
 importance of measuring not only the mean rates, but also temporal
 variability of process rates when assessing the influence of human
 disturbance on ecosystem functioning.
description: Data_Tolkkinen_etalRep set sequence data (fasta format), Environmental measurements data, and OTU table dataDryad.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ft511
title: Data from: Mothers and not genes determine inherited differences in cadmium sensitivities within unexposed populations of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum

description: Deciphering evolutionary processes occurring within contaminated
 populations is important for the ecological risk assessment of toxic
 chemicals. Whereas increased tolerance to contaminants is well documented
 in aquatic animal populations, whether such phenotypic changes occur
 through genetic adaptation is still debated. In that sense, several
 studies with the freshwater crustacean Gammarus concluded in a weak
 potential for genetic adaptation to cadmium (Cd), while others reported
 inheritable increased tolerance in Cd-contaminated populations. Using
 quantitative genetics and selection experiments, this study sought to
 further assess the potential of Gammarus populations to genetically adapt
 to Cd. By combining the control of the reproductive cycle of this species
 in the laboratory and protocols of individual Cd exposure, we conducted
 half-sib analyses to establish the genetic and environmental sources of
 variance in Cd sensitivity of neonates. Prior to experiments, computations
 allowed optimizing the experimental design in order to increase the power
 to detect additive genetic variance. The main findings are the existence
 of strong between-brood variability along with weak heritability of Cd
 sensitivity within Gammarus populations. This study also revealed a
 significant maternal effect on individual Cd sensitivity. This sheds new
 light on the importance of maternal influence in microevolutionary
 processes occurring in contaminated environments.
description: Quantitative genetics of
 Cd survival time of two natural populations of Gammarus
 fossarumSurvival time to Cd
 exposure of juveniles of Gammarus fossarum with a known pedigree. Mothers
 and fathers of each juveniles are recorded in this data file that allowed
 both full-sib and half-sib analyses. This data file is associated with a
 publication in which full information is given (section "Breeding
 design for sib analysis and estimation of genetic parameters" of the
 materials and methods).data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m55h6
title: Data from: Caenorhabditis elegans genes affecting interindividual variation in life-span biomarker gene expression

description: Genetically identical organisms grown in homogenous environments differ in
 quantitative phenotypes. Differences in one such trait, expression of a
 single biomarker gene, can identify isogenic cells or organisms that later
 manifest different fates. For example, in isogenic populations of young
 adult Caenorhabditis elegans, differences in Green Fluorescent Protein
 (GFP) expressed from the hsp-16.2 promoter predict differences in life
 span. Thus, it is of interest to determine how interindividual differences
 in biomarker gene expression arise. Prior reports showed that the
 thermosensory neurons and insulin signaling systems controlled the
 magnitude of the heat shock response, including absolute expression of
 hsp-16.2. Here, we tested whether these regulatory signals might also
 influence variation in hsp-16.2 reporter expression. Genetic experiments
 showed that the action of AFD thermosensory neurons increases
 interindividual variation in biomarker expression. Further genetic
 experimentation showed the insulin signaling system acts to decrease
 interindividual variation in life-span biomarker expression; in other
 words, insulin signaling canalizes expression of the hsp-16.2-driven
 life-span biomarker. Our results show that specific signaling systems
 regulate not only expression level, but also the amount of interindividual
 expression variation for a life-span biomarker gene. They raise the
 possibility that manipulation of these systems might offer means to reduce
 heterogeneity in the aging process.
description: Raw data for
 Phsp-16.2::gfp gene expression in different genetic
 backgroundsExcel file containing
 the results of nine individual experiments. Each dataset lists the values
 for gene expression level of Phsp-16.2::gfp measured in arbitrary
 photomultiplier tube counts. Data is organized by columns. Each genotype
 in each experiment has its expression level data listed in a single column
 with the genotype listed at the top of the column.Supplementary File File
 F2.xlsx