DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtq3
title: Enhanced thermodynamic drivers of recent ENSO teleconnections

description: The magnitude of western and central Pacific atmospheric heating,
 precipitation and total precipitable water extremes provide a valuable
 means of measuring the strength of El Nino and La Nina events in a warming
 world. This data set brings together information from eight different
 sources: This data set draws from eight widely used sources:1. The NOAA
 Extended Reconstruction sea surface temperature data set (version 5), 2.
 ERA5 Reanalysis atmospheric heating, precipitation and total precipitable
 water,3. MERRA2 Reanalysis atmospheric heating, precipitation and total
 precipitable water, 4. JRA55 Reanalysis precipitation and total
 precipitable water,5. NCEP2 Reanalysis precipitation and total
 precipitable water, 6. NOAA Physical Sciences Division CAM5.1
 precipitation, 7. Global Precipitation Climatology Project version 3.2
 precipitation, and 8. Remote Sensing Systems total precipitable water.
 These seasonal time series can be used to confirm that the atmospheric
 forcing associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation events is increasing
 magnitude. Monthly time series were extracted for the specified regions of
 interest (i.e., the tropical Western Pacific and the equatorial Central
 Pacific). Averaging was used to translate the monthly time series into
 four three-month season time series.
description: # Enhanced thermodynamic drivers of recent ENSO teleconnections --- This
 data set contains the time series supporting the major results presented
 in 'Enhanced Thermodynamic Drivers Of Recent ENSO
 Teleconnections'. The bulk of the major findings are based on
 time-series, and hence easily verified by readers and reviewers. This data
 set draws from five widely used sources: * The NOAA Extended
 Reconstruction sea surface temperature data set (version 5): Boyin Huang,
 Peter W. Thorne, Viva F. Banzon, Tim Boyer, Gennady Chepurin, Jay H.
 Lawrimore, Matthew J. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, Russell S. Vose, and
 Huai-Min Zhang (2017): NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature
 (ERSST), Version 5. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
 DOI:[10.7289/V5T72FNM](10.7289/V5T72FNM). * ERA5 Reanalysis atmospheric
 heating, precipitation and total precipitable water: Hersbach, H., et al.
 (2017): Complete ERA5 from 1940: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric
 reanalyses of the global climate. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
 Data Store (CDS). DOI:
 [10.24381/cds.143582cf](https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.143582cf) * MERRA2
 Reanalysis atmospheric heating, precipitation and total precipitable
 water: Gelaro, R., et al. (2017): The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis
 for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). Journal of Climate,
 30, 5419-5454. DOI:[10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1] * JRA55 Reanalysis
 precipitation and total precipitable water: Kobayashi et al. (2015): The
 JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics. J.
 Met. Soc. Jap., 93(1), 5-48 (DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.2015-001). * NCEP2
 Reanalysis precipitation and total precipitable water: Kanamitsu, M. et
 al. (2002): NCEP-DOE AMIP-ii reanalysis (r-2). Bulletin of the American
 Meteorological Society, 83(11), 1631-1644. DOI:[10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631] *
 NOAA Physical Sciences Division CAM5.1 precipitation Neale, R. B., et al.,
 (2012) Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0), NCAR
 Tech. Note NCAR/TN-486+STR, 289 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res, Boulder,
 Colo. * Global Precipitation Climatology Project version 3.2 precipitation
 Huffman et al. (2023): The new version 3.2 global precipitation
 climatology project (GPCP) monthly and daily precipitation products.
 Journal of Climate, 36(21), 7635-7655. DOI:[10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0123.1] *
 Remote Sensing Systems total precipitable water Wentz, FJ, (2015): A 17-yr
 Climate Record of Environmental Parameters Derived from the Tropical
 Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager, Journal of Climate,
 vol. 28, pg. 6882-6902. DOI:[10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0155.1] #### Data Files The
 data are provided as separate CSV files in a zip file titled
 PrecipitationData.zip which contains two folders
 "CentralPacific" and "WestPacific". Each folder
 contain files named with the abbreviation representing the region where
 the precipitation data refers to and as specified below. Each file
 contains records for specific years and data organized by trimester (e.g.,
 JFM for January to March). Z-scores and anomalies are calculated relative
 to a baseline period from 1950 to 2023. Missing data are indicated by
 blank cells. OctToJun column contains data averaged over three seasons -
 OND of Year 1, JFM of Year 2, and AMJ of Year 2. This captures the typical
 period of the onset and decay of El Nino and La Nina events. Central
 Pacific * CP-ERAAHeatingAnomalies.csv - ERA5 Atm Heating Anomalies in
 Terawatts * CP-ERAPrecipitableWater.csv - ERA5 Precipitable Water (kg m-2)
 * CP-ERAPrecipitationRate.csv - ERA5 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 CP-GPCPPrecipitationRate.csv - GPCP3.2 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 CP-JRAPrecipitableWater.csv - JRA55 Precipitable Water (kg m-2) *
 CP-JRAPrecipitationRate.csv - JRA55 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 CP-MERRAHeatingAnomalies.csv - MERRA2 Atm Heating Anomalies in Terawatts *
 CP-MERRAPrecipitableWater.csv - MERRA2 Precipitable Water (kg m-2) *
 CP-MERRAPrecipitationRate.csv - MERRA2 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 CP-NCEPReanalysisPrecipitable.csv - NCEP Reanalysis2 Precipitable Water
 (kg m-2) * CP-NCEPReanalysisPrecipitation.csv - NCEP Reanalysis2
 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) * CP-NOAAExtendedReconstruction.csv - NOAA
 Extended Reconstruction v5 Nino3.4 SST (Z-scores) *
 CP-PSDCAMPrecipitableWater.csv - PSD CAM5.1 Precipitable Water (kg m-2) *
 CP-PSDCAMPrecipitationRate.csv - PSD CAM5.1 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) -
 CP-REMSSPrecipitableWater.csv - REMSS Precipitable Water (kg m-2) West
 Pacific * WP-ERAHeatingAnomalies.csv - ERA5 Atm Heating Anomalies in
 Terawatts * WP-ERAPrecipitableWater.csv - ERA5 Precipitable Water (kg m-2)
 * WP-ERAPrecipitationRate.csv - ERA5 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 WP-GPCPPrecipitationRate.csv - GPCP3.2 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 WP-JRAPrecipitableWater.csv - JRA55 Precipitable Water (kg m-2) *
 WP-JRAPrecipitationRate.csv - JRA55 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) *
 WP-MERRAAtmHeatingAnomalies.csv - MERRA2 Atm Heating Anomalies in
 Terawatts * WP-MERRAPrecipitableWater.csv - MERRA2 Precipitable Water (kg
 m-2) * WP-MERRAPrecipitation.csv - MERRA2 Precipitation (mm/day) *
 WP-NCEPReanalysisPrecipitable.csv - NCEP Reanalysis2 Precipitation Rate
 (mm/day) * WP-NCEPReanalysisPrecipitation.csv - NCEP Reanalysis2
 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) * WP-NOAAERWesternVGradient.csv - NOAA ERv5
 Western V Gradient (Z-scores) * WP-NOAAERWesternVSST.csv - NOAA ERv5
 Western V SST (Z -scores) * WP-PSDCAMPrecipitableWater.csv - PSD CAM5.1
 Precipitable Water (kg m-2) * WP-PSDCAMPrecipitationRate.csv - PSD CAM5.1
 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) * WP-REMSSPrecipitableWater.csv - REMSS
 Precipitable Water (kg m-2) Alternatively, the data is complied in an
 Excel spreadsheet
 Dataset_EnhancedThermodynamicDriversOfRecentENSOTeleconnections.xls and
 organized into the following tabs: \############################
 WestPacPrecipTimeSeries \############################ This tab lists
 seasonal sea surface temperarature, atmospheric heating, precipitation and
 precipitable water time series related to the West Pacific and Warm Pool.
 The Warm Pool region extends from 15S to 15N and 90E to 150E
 \############################ CentralPacPrecipTimeSeries
 \############################ This tab lists seasonal sea surface
 temperarature, atmospheric heating, precipitation and precipitable water
 time series related to the Central Pacific. The Central Pacific region
 extends from 8S to 6N and 160E to 140W