DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5x69p8d95
title: Acoustic and morphological dataset of seven anuran populations of two species from highland forests in Northeastern Brazil

description: Highlands are of paramount importance to the study of evolution as they
 are frequently implicated in historical and ecological processes that
 generate and maintain biological diversity. In northeastern Brazil, sparse
 rainforest remnants are located in highlands north of the São Francisco
 River, generally surrounded by the dry and open landscape of the Caatinga
 biome. Earlier studies suggest that these forests acted as historical
 refuges to the rainforest fauna and flora, especially during the climatic
 cycles of the Pleistocene. However, it is still unclear whether
 populations distributed in distinct highlands experienced phenotypic
 differentiation as a result of adaptation to the environmental conditions
 of each forest remnant. In this study, we used two frog species with wide
 geographic distributions, Dendropsophus oliveirai, a habitat
 specialist which breeds in permanent ponds, and Physalaemus cuvieri, a
 habitat generalist which breeds in temporary and permanent lentic
 environments, as models to investigate the relationships between
 environmental variation, geographic, genetic, and body size distance with
 advertisement call variation among populations inhabiting different
 highlands. We hypothesized that call variation would be strongly
 influenced by local environmental conditions, as sound signals are
 frequently adapted to the transmission environment. Our results indicate
 that acoustic variation among P. cuvieri populations is strongly
 influenced by environmental variation and moderate by geographic distance.
 In D. oliveirai, the environment is also the most influential factor in
 acoustic variation, followed by genetic and morphological variation.
 Besides that, the association between environmental and geographic factors
 suggests an indirect effect of geographic distance on acoustic variation
 in both species through an environmental gradient and also in genetic
 traits of the habitat specialist species. We believe that selective
 processes and isolation possibly act together in driving interpopulational
 acoustic variation with habitat-specific species being more affected by
 the isolation in suitable habitats.
description: Study site and population Seven localities
 in Borborema Plateau: Parque Nacional do Catimbau (Catimbau; 08°34’20.60”
 S, 37°14’12.30” W), Fazenda Vale Tabocas (Tabocas; 08°14’47.5” S,
 36°22’46.00” W), Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Morros do Craunã e do Padre
 (Craunã; 09°20’47.90” S, 37°52’60.00” W), Parque Estadual Mata do
 Pau-Ferro (Pau-Ferro; 06°58’12.53” S, 35°43’04.27” W), Refúgio de Vida
 Silvestre Matas do Siriji (Matas do Siriji; 07°37’01.79” S, 35°30’27.84”
 W), Parque Natural Municipal Professor João Vasconcelos Sobrinho (João
 Vasconcelos; 08°21’8.80” S, 36°01’51.60” W), Reserva Biológica de Pedra
 Talhada (Pedra Talhada; 09°15’40.94” S, 36°26’20.22” W). We collected data
 in the field between 2021 and 2023. These localities are subumid and umid
 forests (Atlantic Forests remnants) in high altitudes inside a matrix of
 dry vegetation (Caatinga). Species
 Dendropsophus oliveirai and Physalaemus cuvieri (Currently valid
 scientific name) Descriptions The
 data could be used in future investigations about phenotypic variations
 (in morphology and bioacoustic) in populations occurring in mountain
 ranges in Northeastern Brazil. Acoustic data
 obtainment  We recorded advertisement calls of males
 using digital recorders: Tascam Dr-05x Linear PCM, Zoom H1n 120GL, or
 Marantz PMD620. Then we analysed the records using the software Raven Pro
 1.6 (K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, 2023). The
 acoustic parameters of both species are in the same file but in different
 spreadsheets. Each row in this data corresponds to an
 average of each acoustic parameter for each individual calculated from
 5-18 (D.oliveirai)/ 6-10 (P.cuvieri) calls. That initial data is not
 provided here because it is part of another study that is still not
 submitted. Morphological data obtainment
 We measured the euthanized individuals deposited at Coleção
 Herpetológica da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, using a calipter and
 a stereoscope.
description: # Acoustic and morphological dataset of seven anuran populations of two
 species from highland forests in Northeastern Brazil [Access this dataset
 on Dryad](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5x69p8d95) We have submitted our
 raw data (**AcousticData.xlsx**) and (**MorphologicalData.xlsx**) ##
 Overview of Data The measurements of both species are in the same file but
 in different spreadsheets. ### Abbreviations: #### **Acoustic Data** *
 *D.oliveirai*: *Dendropsophus oliveirai* * *P.cuvieri*: *Physalaemus
 cuvieri* * *Locality*: localities where the data was collected *
 *Individual(Collection/Field)*: vouchers of the collected individuals for
 the scientific collection and field * *SLV(mm)*: snout-vent length in mm
 #### **Morphological Data** * *D.oliveirai*: *Dendropsophus oliveirai*
 (Currently valid scientific name) * *P.cuvieri*: *Physalaemus cuvieri*
 (Currently valid scientific name) * *Locality*: localities where the data
 was collected * *Individual(Collection/Field)*: vouchers of the collected
 individuals for the scientific collection and field * *ND(ms)*: note
 duration in ms * *LF(Hz)*: low frequency in Hz * *UF(Hz)*: upper frequency
 in Hz * *BW(Hz)*: bandwidth of frequency in Hz