DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b952
title: Data from: The kin-selected context of duelling in horned aphids: cooperation or conflict?

description: We investigated the influence of relatedness on the function of dyadic
 butting contests over access to a food resource (plant phloem) in the
 group-living horned aphid Astegopteryx bambusae on bamboo leaves.
 Relatedness between duelling pairs did not differ significantly from that
 of randomly selected aphid pairs. Microsatellite genotyping showed that
 the average genetic relatedness between a duelling pair was 0.79 ± 0.12
 (mean ± SD, N = 75), with 56% (42/75) of duels occurring between clonal
 pairs. Butting contests observed in the field lasted longer when the
 competing aphids were of similar age and when the attacker won, but they
 involved low costs in terms of time or injury. Neither the duration nor
 outcome of the contests was associated with the pairwise relatedness,
 suggesting that there was no kin-discrimination in the butting pair of
 aphids. 83% (50/60) of the contests between aphids of different ages were
 won by the older and larger aphid. These results suggest that the aphids
 discriminate between their opponents on the basis not of
 relatedness but of size or age. We suggest that the duels in these
 Astegopteryx aphids are not an aggressive fight for resources between
 different genotypes, but a low-cost method by which the aphids assess each
 other’s reproductive value, providing an indirect fitness benefit for
 losing younger individuals that yield a feeding site to older kin. This
 provides a selective context for the evolution of the young, rather than
 old, altruistic soldiers that are observed in the open colonies of many
 cerataphidine species.
description: # Title of Dataset --- Data and R scripts for The kin-selected context of
 duelling in horned aphids: cooperation or conflict?, Keigo Uematsu et al.
 ## Contact Information * Name: Keigo Uematsu * Affiliations: Department of
 Biology, Keio University * ORCID ID:
 [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-3018](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-3018) * Email: [keigouematsu@gmail.com](mailto:keigouematsu@gmail.com) ## Data & File Overview --- ## File List: * AB_genotype.csv * age_bootstrap_test.csv * age_bootstrap_test.R * Colony_sizes.csv * data.csv * genotype.csv * Group_results_rev.csv * hbpairs_field.csv * headbutt_analysis.R * relatedness_tests_for_deposit.R * poppr_pic_pid.R ## Details for: AB_genotype.csv * Description: Genotype data of Astegopteryx bambusae in genalex data format * Variables: * Sample_File: a unique identification code for an individual * pop: colony ID * The first row contains the number of alleles, the total samples size, and the sample size of each population * Columns 3 through 14: third row contains SNP locus names with each locus having two columns, each representing one of the two alleles; genotype values represents allele sizes ## Details for: age_bootstrap_test.csv * Description: age distribution of the colony of Astegopteryx bambusae * Variables: * colony: colony ID * 1st: the number of 1st-instar nymphs * 2nd: the number of 2nd-instar nymphs * 3rd: the number of 3rd-instar nymphs * 4th: the number of 4th-instar nymphs * adult: the number of adults * freq: the number of head-butting pairs observed in a colony ## Details for: Colony_sizes.csv * Description: Colony size and the occurrence of head-butting behaviour in Astegopteryx bambusae * Variables: * Date: collection date * Colony: colony ID * number of aphids * frequency: the number of head-butting pairs observed in a colony ## Details for: data.csv * Description: Pairwise relatedness data of Astegopteryx bambusae * Variables: * ID: a unique identification code for the focal individual * ID_pair: a unique identification code for the pair individual * group: the colony ID of the focal individual * group_pair: the colony ID of the pair individual * headbutt: whether the focal individual engaged in the duel or not(Y:yes, N:no) * headbutt_pair: whether the pair individual engaged in the duel or not(Y:yes, N:no) * outcome: whether the focal individual won or lost the duel(W:won, L:lost, N:not applicable) * outcome_pair: whether the pair individual won or lost the duel(W:won, L:lost, N:not applicable) * num: a unique identification code for the head-butting pair of the focal individual (if applicable) * num_pair: a unique identification code for the head-butting pair of the pair individual (if applicable) * relatedness: pairwise relatedness between the two individuals ## Details for: genotype.csv * Description: Genotype data of Astegopteryx bambusae in KINGROUP data format * Variables: * ID: a unique identification code for the focal individual * Group: the colony ID of the focal individual * AC-2, AC-3, AC-4, AC-5, AT-15, AT-7:SNP locus names with two alleles, and values represents allele sizes ## Details for: Group_results_rev.csv * Description: relatedness data of Astegopteryx bambusae * Variables: * ID: a unique identification code for the focal individual * Group: the colony ID of the focal individual * PairID:a unique identification code for the pair individual * PairGroup: the colony ID of the pair individual * r: pairwise relatedness between the two individuals ## Details for: hbpairs_field.csv * Description: Head-butting statistics and pairwise relatedness of head-butting pairs in Astegopteryx bambusae * Variables: * date: collection date * group: the colony ID * tree: the tree(clump) ID * num: a unique identification code for the head-butting pair * duration: the duration of the duel (min) * age_attacker: the age of the attacking individual (1: 1st-instar, 2: 2nd-instar, 3: 3rd-instar, 4: 4th-instar, 5: adult) * age_defender: the age of the attacking individual (1: 1st-instar, 2: 2nd-instar, 3: 3rd-instar, 4: 4th-instar, 5: adult) * won.by.attacker: the outcome of the duel (1: attacker won, 0: defender won) * age_diff: the absolute value of the age difference between the attacker and the defender * age_diff_noabs: the age difference of the attacker from the defender * relatedness: pairwise relatedness between the head-butting pairs ## Code/Software These scripts were run in R v4.2.1, the necessary packages are specified within each script. These scripts require that you set your working directory to the folder where the data files have been saved. * age_bootstrap_test.R: R code for bootstrap analysis * headbutt_analysis.R: R code for head-butting analysis in Astegopteryx bambusae * relatedness_tests_for_deposit.R: R code for relatedness analysis in Astegopteryx bambusae * poppr_pic_pid.R: R code for polymorphic information content (PIC) of each microsatellite and the level confidence using the probability of identity (PID)