cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1645
title: Growth and characterisation of ordered indium arsenide quantum dots on cross-hatch virtual substrate

description: Growth of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on In[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x]As/GaAs(001) cross-hatch virtual substrates (VS) has been carried out by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).A model explaining the origin of QD aligment on the VS is developed. Cross-hatch surface morphology of the VS is studied by atomic force microscopy(AFM), and its origin by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The cross-hatch VS consist of 50-nm thick In[subscript 0.15]Ga[subscript 0.85]As on GaAs(001).cross-hatch morphology on the surface of the VS is revealed by AFM and its origin from the networks of misfit dislocations (MDs) is confirmed by TEM. Fast Fourier transform(FFT) and line scan analyses indicate that the cross-hatch is aperiodic with different average lateral spacings in the two orthogonal([1-10] and [110]) directions. The strain and In composition of the VS are examined by high resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD). It is found that the degree of strain relaxation of the InGaAs layer increases with increasing thickness and In composition. Consequently ,QDs grown on the different InGaAs layers result in different arrangements of QDs on the cross-hatch surface: ordered QDs are obtained when they are grown on partially-relaxed In[subscript 0.15]Ga[subscript 0.85]As (50 nm) layer; and groups of QDs are obtained when they are grown on more relaxed In[subscript 0.15]Ga[subscript 0.85]As (100 and 150 nm) layers. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements qualitatively agree with the HRXRD results. Various growth interruption(GI) times are introduced after the formation of QDs in order to improve QD uniformity. It is found that a 30-second GI time is the optimum value for the growth of InAs QDs on In[subscript 0.15]Ga[subscript 0.85]As/GaAs VS. After InAs QD formation, The QDs are capped with a thin layer of GaAs in order to study the surface evolution with an aim to using it as a template for further QD growth. It is found that nano holes are seen in the middle of the QDs directly grown on GaAs (which has been reported in the literature) but none are seen when the QDs are grown on the cross-hatch VS (which has not been reported). Instead QDs which are nucleated along the [110] direction become less prominent while those nucleated along the [1-10] direction become more prominent. This result is attributed to the insufficient and asymmetry of strain energies in the underlying plane on which QDs are grown.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1646
title: Genre analysis of English business e-mail correspondence in internal communication between Thais and Germans in profit and non-profit organizations

description: This is an intercultural genre analysis of English business e-mail correspondence. The intercultural aspect covers both national cultures, i.e. Thai and German, and corporate i.e. profit and non-profit organizations. The framework proposed in this study is used to identify the move structures within the organizational contexts where English is used among non-native speakers in intercultural communication. A sample of 327 authentic English business e-mail messages written by Thais and Germans within profit and non-profit organizations is used in this study. The findings show that these e-mail messages generally comprise seven moves, namely Move 1 Opening Salutation, Move 2 Establishing Correspondence Chain, Move 3 Introducing Purposes, Move 4 Attaching Documents, Move 5 Soliciting Response, Move 6 Ending Positively, and Move 7 Closing Salutation. Thais and Germans followed the same sequence of moves, but at different frequency of occurrence. Most of the moves could be found in the e-mail messages written by Thais and in the messages exchanged in non-profit organizations whereas only some moves existed in the messages written by Germans and in the messages exchanged in profit organizations. Fisher’s exact test indicates the significant relationships between the occurrence of the move and the nationalities of the e-mail composers in Move 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 while there were the significant relationships between the corporate cultures and the occurrence of the move only in Move 4 and Move and Move 6. However, when considering the interaction of the national and corporate cultures it was found that corporate culture has an influence on Thais, more than on Germans. In conclusion, both national and corporate cultures play an important role in intercultural business e-mail correspondence. The move structures of the e-mail messages reflect the national cultures of the e-mail composers which are governed by the corporate cultures because different organizations have different norms to achieve communicative goals.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1647
title: In vivo study of human acellular dermis versus human de-epidermized dermis

description: Human Acelular Dermis (hADM) and Human de-epidermized dermis (hDED) are collagen type I tissue which suitable for cell attachment, high biocompatibility, and low host immunological rejection. In this study, in vivo study of hADM and hDED were performed. Fresh cadaver skins were harvested, then hADM was prepared by 5 processes, sterilization with glycerol, de-epidermized, fat removal, de-cellularized with enzymatic treatment, and cells residue removal by chemical treatment. hDED was prepared by following 3 processes, sterilization with glycerol, de-epidermized, and fat removal. Both of them were preserved by Freeze-dried method. After that, hADM and hDED were performed histological study, immunohistological study to investigate the architecture of collagen network, and in vivo study to evaluate cell-material interaction. In animal study (n = 18), the specimens were cut into 1x1 cm and were subcutaneous implanted in the back of 3 week-old Wistar rat. 6 rats were sacrificed, and then specimens were collected in each 1, 2 and 4 weeks respectively. The specimens were histological measured by H&E staining and were immunohistochemical investigated the architecture of collagen network by special staining. As a result, neo-vascularization and host tissue fibroblasts infiltration were appeared in hDED more than hADM group. Neo-collagen networks, new extracellular matrix which generated by infiltrated fibroblasts and high ability of cells attachment had been indicated since 1[superscriptst] week in hDED and gradually increased in 2[superscriptnd] and 4[superscriptth] week respectively. In contrast, numerous lymphocytes and foreign body reaction were investigated in hADM. In conclusion, hDED has low foreign body reaction and promote fibroblasts migration and differentiation including recticular network neo-collagen formation. We conclude that remnant fibroblasts which remain in hDED induce foreign body reaction less than losing biological properties of collagen during de-cellularized process of hADM. Biological properties of collagen fiber are important more than complete cell removal by enzymatic or chemical treatment.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1648
title: Isolation and Structure modification of Oxyresveratrol from Artocarpus Lakoocha for Tyrosinase inhibitory activity

description: Oxyresveratrol (2, 4, 3’, 5’-tetrahydroxystillbene), a major compound found in the heartwood of artjocarpus lakoocha roxb. (moraceae), has been known for its potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. this study focused primarily on the isolation and strcture modification of oxyresveratrol for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. for the isolation experiments. it was found that the eyoh-soxhlet extraction method gave the highest yield of crude oxyresveratrol, and al2 o3 was a good adsorbent for separation of the obtained extract. an analytical method using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography was developed. the method was validated on the parameters for accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. the method was used for quantitative determination of oxyresveratrol in plant extracts and puag-haad. the results were satisfactory and reliable. thirteen derivatives of oxyresveratrol have been prepared, and their anti-tyrosinase activity was determined. almost all of the analogues prepared in this study were devoid of activity, but dihydrooxyresveratrol showed potent activity than did the parent compound and kojic acid, a strong tyrosinase inhibitor widely used in cosmetic products. kinetic studies on the enzyme indicated that dihydrooxyresveratrol had higher affinity to tyrosinase than two compounds. dihyrooxyresverattrol, similar to oxyresveratrol, showed non-competitive inhibition while kojic acid was a mixed-type inhibitor. additionally cytotoxicity studies were performed on the o-methylated compounds using kb, bc and nci-h187 cancer cells. cis-tetra-o-methylated oxyresveratrol showed strong cytotoxicity, with potency comparable to those of ellipticine and doxyrubicin. the findings in this study suggest that oxyresveratrol could be a good source of starting material for the development of whitening agents and anticancer drugs.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1649
title: Living the dhamma : integration of buddhist practice into the lives of Bangkok laypeople

description: A hallmark of the Buddhist spiritual path is the high degree of flexibility in individual interpretation, especially for laypeople as the guidelines for their practice is particularly vague. In Thai and other Theravada cultures, what has been most widely taught to laypeople is the five precepts and generosity (dana). However, in contemporary Thai society, growing numbers of laypeople have begun practicing meditation, especially among the urban, educated, middle-upper class. This development reflects a trend towards more vigorous spiritual engagement, both private and public, among a small subgroup of laypeople. They assert that laypeople, and not only monks, can also practice seriously towards ultimate liberation. The form of Buddhist practice centered on meditation is commonly referred to in Thai as "patibat tham." (dhamma practice). However, the term is loosely used and what it actually entails is unclear. Based on in-depth interviews and extensive participantobservation, this thesis explores how eight committed lay practitioners in Bangkok understand "patibat tham" and attempt to integrate it into their lives, including their daily routines, jobs, and social relations. An underlying concern is to examine the extent to which they encountered difficulties in trying to patibat tham as laity. The researcher finds that "patibat tham" can be distinguished by a rational approach to Buddhist practice, wherein the primary concern is not accumulating merit for a good rebirth, but developing wisdom (panna) to achieve liberation from suffering, including ultimate liberation (nibbana). De-emphasizing rituals and going beyond simply performing monetary dana, it emphasizes higher mental training, particularly in insight meditation (vipassana) and continuous mindfulness (sati), rather than just deep levels of tranquility meditation (samatha and practice of jhanas). This emphasis internalizes practice, freeing it from reliance on temples and making it more compatible with daily lay life. Most informants favor practice methods that are convenient and efficient, to suit their hectic urban lifestyles and the modern consumer culture. Yet, while the rhetoric of lay spiritual empowerment may downplay limitations to patibat tham as laypeople, the researcher discovers that in fact the informants do have to grapple with complications and contradictions in attempting to integrate patibat tham into their daily life. In response, they have made significant concrete changes in their lives. Moreover, although many may at first equivocate on this point, they finally admit that at the highest level of practice, they may seek ordination. Thus, although lay practitioners’ vigorous efforts in patibat tham are blurring the line between monk and lay, ultimately there are still limits to the lay path and a line that remains, which some are preparing to cross.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1650
title: Knowledge, attitude, and practice relates to female genital mutilation and its types in Jijiga town of Somali Regional State of Ethiopia

description: Objectives: is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice, towards FGM, and its type among women in a reproductive age group. Method: community bases cross was conducted in jijiga town, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia from February 10 – March 20/2007. Systematic sampling methods was used to identify the study study subjects and data was collected using pre-testrd structured questionnaire on various asrious aspects of FGM and data was organized in percentage and presented in table. Result: the prevalence of FGM among women aged 15-49 years age in the study area was found to be 94.5%, where infibulations (pharonic) is the commonest type of FGM practiced (83.4%), while Sunni and clitoridectomy were reported by small proportion of study subject (13.6%) and (3.0%) respectively. The majority of study subjects have “Good knowledge” about FGM and as to attitude of the women toward the FGM the study recealed that 56.7% of the respondents had responded in suitable manner toward FGM (i.e shows – negative attitude toward the FGM practice). 53 – 55.1% of women were rejecting the maintenance of the practice 43.9% want to maintain the practice in less severe or severe form. Conelusion: female genital mutilation is practiced by the majority of women interviewed in the study area with different form. The study indicated that study subjects hope to decrease high risk of developing complications merely by changing to mildest form of FGM (sunni). There is obvious gap between knowledge of negative effects of the practice and positive attitude towards the practice to continue. Hence, wide information, education and communication is recommended.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1651
title: Multiple-unit sustained release tablets of film-coated diltiazem hydrochloride resinates

description: The objective of this study was to prepare the multiple-unit sustained release tablet of film-coated diltiazem hydrochloride resinates. Diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) was loaded in sulfonic acid cation exchange resins, Dowex® 88 4% crosslinkage and Dowex®HCR-S 8% crosslinkage by batch method. The factors affecting drug loading were investigated such as resin crosslinkage, quantity of resins, drug loading solution concentration and temperature during drug loading process. The DTZ bound in 4 % crosslinkage resins was 28.80 % which was higher than in an 8 % crosslinkage resin which was only 5.51 %. The percentage of DTZ loading in the resins decreased when the quantity of resins in the drug loading solution was increased. The drug resin in the ratio of 1:1 in 8 % w/v drug loading solution was suitable for preparing resonates. Increasing in temperature increased the percentage of DTZ loading and reduced the time required for system to reach equilibrium. The resinates could prolong DTZ release over 12 hours in 0.1 M potassium chloride solution. The release kinetic of resinates was best described by the matrix-diffusion controlled model (Higuchi model). The release rate was influenced by the ionic strength of dissolution medium, while the pH of dissolution medium did not .To modify drug release from resinates, they were coated with acrylate polymer by using fluidized bed coating technique. Coating with 7.5-15 % coating level of Eudragit®RL and Eudragit®RS decreased the drug release rate but did not affect the drug release kinetic. Coated resinates were formulated into disintegrating tablets and compressed at compression pressure between 340-1,022 pounds. Tablets formulated using microcrystalline cellulose and polyethylene glycol 4000 exhibited good physical properties. Drug release of resinate before and after formulated into disintegrating tablets was similar. The release kinetic of drug from disintegrating tablets was also described by Higuchi model.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1652
title: Myanmar's capital relocation from Yangon to Pyinmana Naypyidaw

description: This thesis aims to study Myanmar’s capital relocation from Yangon to Pyinmana Naypyidaw through the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge in order to enrich and enhance a better understanding about the possible factors of capital relocation in contemporary Myanmar. The research finds that transferring a capital has not been an unusual phenomenon in historical context. Ancient Burmese monarchs were inclined to shift their capital for several reasons such as the manifestation of power and political charisma, the ward of bad omens in the old capital and the adaptation of military strategy to resist or suppress the enemy. However, current capital relocation is structurally different from the past and has been continuously influenced by new circumstances in the post-Cold war era. The establishment of Pyinmana Naypyidaw is significantly considered as a grand strategy of ruling military government and consists of three main factors: politico-military security, hinterland economic development and spiritual-cultural unity. Among several factors involved, the ruling junta has paid special attention to security strategy to strengthen the army and ensure the dictatorship regime. As a consequence, the ruling government has confronted with security threats, for example, democratic movements inside Yangon, civil wars with ethnic insurgencies and the paranoia of American sea-borne invasion. Thus, moving a capital can be perceived as the great transformation of security strategy in order to keep the power of current military regime. On the other hand, shifting a capital is also related to hinterland economic development, for example, the expansion of agricultural spaces in the dry zone, the development of natural resources and energy supplies in mountainous area and the enlargement of transportation systems. In this respect, the new capital will function as the centre of inland development strategy for building the strong economic power of ruling regime in governing and controlling the whole country. Moreover, current capital relocation is also partly driven by socio-cultural factor to decorate and fulfill the process of transferring the capital in Burmese context. As a result, the military junta has adopted and applied ancient royal traditions, astrological principles and the policy of anti-western colonialism for building the historical pride and uplifting the image of current government as the powerful ruler like Burmese monarchs in the past. In geopolitical dimension, Pyinmana which is located in the central position of the country in Upper Sittang Valley surrounded by mountainous areas and not far from mineral deposits is strategically suitable for the effective conduct of political, economic and military strategy and can also ensure the strong regime to rule and control the Union of Myanmar in the future.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1653
title: Preparation of natural rubber/carbon black composite by medhanical coagulation of latex

description: Preparation of natural rubber/carbon black composites by mechanical coagulation of latex was carried out by using a high speed internal mixer. The coagulation was successfully obtained from the mixing speed of 2,800 rpm for 3 minutes. After coagulation, the carbon black particles were poorly dispersed in the rubber matrix. Better dispersion was later obtained when the coagulated NR/CB mixtures was mixed with sulfur curing chemical in a two-roll mill. Coagulation of the NR/CB mixtures was found to depend on types and quantities of CB. The CB content in the shear-induced vulcanizate was lower than the feed amount as analyzed by specific gravity. The vulcanizates containing 30 phr of N330 or N550 had the highest mechanical properties such as tensile strength. A comparison between NR/CB vulcanizates from both methods in terms of mechanical properties revealed that the shear-induced vulcanizates had slightly interior mechanical properties than the conventional ones.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1654
title: Problems concerning tourism in Thailand faced by the Chinese from the People's Republic of China

description: The purpose of this research is: 1) to study the general data and behavior of Chinese tourists in Thailand; 2) to study the opinions about problems with Thai tourism faced by the Chinese tourists; 3) to study of the impressive or outstanding features of Thai tourism according to the views of the Chinese tourists; 4) to study the impact of the problems on the tourism industry in Thailand and the People’s republic of China. The instruments used in this research are questionnaires. Data was collected from 400 Chinese tourists. For additional data, interview forms were used to collect data from 8 more sample populations. Statistics used for data analysis are frequency distribution, percentages, means, and standard deviation. The differences of the opinions are tested by Chi Square value. Data obtained from interviews is analyzed to reach satisfactory and accurate conclusions. From the research, most Chinese tourists visited Thailand for the first time through tour agencies. They would stay mostly at hotels and guesthouses. Places that Chinese tourists like to visit most are historical attractions and natural sites. The products Chinese tourists prefer to buy are items such as souvenirs and local handicrafts. The source of information from which they learned of tourism in Thailand was mostly their acquaintances, and also from the internet. The problems found are those such as the problems of over-crowding, noisiness, the pollution in Bangkok, traffic-related problems, problems in communicating in Chinese including the tour guides, problems relating to quality of purchased products, inferior quality tours, problems of safety, taste of food and beverages, problems of advertising promoting Thailand to foreigners, an uncomfortable environment in Bangkok, not enough public restrooms, the hot weather, trolleys parked on footpaths or roadsides and scribbling which is often found on the stamped seal of Thai banknotes. The main inspiration of Chinese tourists in visiting Thailand was numerous attraction sites. Most of them decided to come to Thailand again as they were impressed by the historical and natural sites, and they liked to buy Thai goods such as souvenirs and local handicrafts. The problems caused an impact on the reputation of the country, on the relations between countries, on the aspect of investment in the tourism industry and have an impact on the income of the country as well. The research results have been used to develop suggestions for the benefit of Thai tourism both in the improvement in the policies of the government sectors and the operation of private business as well.