DOI: 10.3886/icpsr35032.v1
title: European-origin and Mexican-origin Populations in Texas, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910
title: Version 1

description: This dataset was produced in the 1990s by Myron Gutmann and others at the University of Texas to assess demographic change in European- and Mexican-origin populations in Texas from the mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries. Most of the data come from manuscript records for six rural Texas counties - Angelina, DeWitt, Gillespie, Jack, Red River, and Webb - for the U.S. Censuses of 1850-1880 and 1900-1910, and tax records where available. Together, the populations of these counties reflect the cultural, ethnic, economic, and ecological diversity of rural Texas. Red River and Angelina Counties, in Eastern Texas, had largely native-born white and black populations and cotton economies. DeWitt County in Southeast Texas had the most diverse population, including European and Mexican immigrants as well as native-born white and black Americans, and its economy was divided between cotton and cattle. The population of Webb County, on the Mexican border, was almost entirely of Mexican origin, and economic activities included transportation services as well as cattle ranching. Gillespie County in Central Texas had a mostly European immigrant population and an economy devoted to cropping and livestock. Jack County in North-Central Texas was sparsely populated, mainly by native-born white cattle ranchers. These counties were selected to over-represent the European and Mexican immigrant populations. Slave schedules were not included, so there are no African Americans in the samples for 1850 or 1860. In some years and counties, the Census records were sub-sampled, using a letter-based sample with the family as the primary sampling unit (families were chosen if the surname of the head began with one of the sample letters for the county). In other counties and years, complete populations were transcribed from the Census microfilms. For details and sample sizes by county, see the County table in the Original P.I. Documentation section of the ICPSR Codebook, or see Gutmann, Myron P. and Kenneth H. Fliess, <em>How to Study Southern Demography in the Nineteenth Century: Early Lessons of the Texas Demography Project</em> (Austin: Texas Population Research Center Papers, no. 11.11, 1989).
description: The data were collected to assess demographic change in European- and Mexican-origin populations in Texas from the mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries.
description: The data come from manuscript U.S. Census records for six rural Texas counties - Angelina, DeWitt, Gillespie, Jack, Red River, and Webb - for the U.S. Censuses of 1850-1880 and 1900-1910, and tax records where available. Together, the populations of these counties reflect the cultural, ethnic, economic, and ecological diversity of rural Texas. Red River and Angelina Counties, in Eastern Texas, had largely native-born white and black populations and cotton economies. DeWitt County in Southeast Texas had the most diverse population, including European and Mexican immigrants as well as native-born white and black Americans, and its economy was divided between cotton and cattle. The population of Webb County, on the Mexican border, was almost entirely of Mexican origin, and economic activities included transportation services as well as cattle ranching. Gillespie County in Central Texas had a mostly European immigrant population and an economy devoted to cropping and livestock. Jack County in North-Central Texas was sparsely populated, mainly by native-born white cattle ranchers. These counties were selected to over-represent the European and Mexican immigrant populations. Slave schedules were not included, so there are no African Americans in the samples for 1850 or 1860. Project staff linked individuals across censuses, linked family members within censuses, and imputed such characteristics as relationship to head and national origin (determined on the basis of birthplace, parental birthplace, and surname) when not explicitly listed in the census. Individuals have also been linked to tax assessment records where possible. Project staff created unique individual identification codes within counties; codes may be replicated between counties.
description: The data are not weighted.
description: In some years and counties, the Census records were sub-sampled, using a letter-based sample with the family as the primary sampling unit (families were chosen if the surname of the head began with one of the sample letters for the county). In other counties and years, complete populations were transcribed from the Census microfilms. For details and sample sizes by county, see the county table in the Original P.I. Documentation section of the ICPSR Codebook, or see Gutmann, Myron P. and Kenneth H. Fliess, <em>How to Study Southern Demography in the Nineteenth Century: Early Lessons of the Texas Demography Project</em> (Austin: Texas Population Research Center Papers, no. 11.11, 1989).
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: 1850 Census Data
DS2: 1860 Census Data
DS3: 1870 Census Data
DS4: 1880 Census Data
DS5: 1900 Census Data
DS6: 1910 Census Data
DS7: IDS Individual Table
DS8: IDS Individual to Individual Table
DS9: IDS Context Table
DS10: IDS Individual to Context Table
DS11: IDS Context to Context Table
DS12: IDS Metadata
DS13: IDS Entity Mapping
DS14: IDS Relationship Mapping
description: European- and Mexican-origin families living in six rural counties in Texas. Smallest Geographic Unit: county
description: The IDS Metadata file (DS12) is currently unavailable for download. This collection will be updated to include the IDS Metadata file when it is received.ICPSR is distributing the European-origin and Mexican-origin Texas demography data in two formats: (1) as a standard ICPSR full product suite (including ASCII data files, setup files, and SPSS, SAS, and Stata data files) with datasets in rectangular format; and (2) as Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) formatted files.
IDS files are comma delimited with column headings in the first row; text strings are surrounded by double quotes ("), and some strings include commas (,) and other non-alphanumeric characters. The IDS package consists of five data files (or "tables" in IDS database terminology), including:
An <em>INDIVIDUAL</em> table (35032-0007-Data-indiv.txt) which consists of attributes belonging to a person.
An <em>INDIVIDUAL to INDIVIDUAL</em> table (35032-0008-Data-indiv-indiv.txt) which characterizes relationships between persons.
A <em>CONTEXT</em> table (35032-0009-Data-context.txt) which contains contextual information, such as city and state.
An <em>INDIVIDUAL to CONTEXT</em> table (35032-0010-Data-indiv-context.txt) which associates an individual with a context at a moment in time or during a period of time.
A <em>CONTEXT to CONTEXT</em> table (35032-0011-Data-context-context.txt) which defines the relations between different layers in a hierarchy of contexts.
The IDS files are included to facilitate analyses of the longitudinal data contained within this collection. Filesets 12 through 14 are IDS metadata, entity mapping, and relationship mapping files. For a detailed overview of the IDS table composition, please see the ICPSR Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) Manual.The ICPSR Codebook features variable descriptions and frequencies for Parts 1 through 6 (1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, and 1910 Census Data). Parts 7 through 14 are Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) formatted tables and associated documentation, and are not represented in the Variable Description and Frequencies section of the ICPSR Codebook.The ICPSR Codebook features supplemental descriptions for common census disability variables present in the data. Variable descriptions are drawn from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Web site. IPUMS, a project of the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota, aims to preserve census microdata for social and economic research. Descriptions have been included as variable notes to help clarify antiquated census terms from the study time period.