cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78894
title: Street scene, Sialkot, ca.1890

description: “Road from Sialkot to Law-courts.” Exterior view of an avenue and pedestrians. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79227
title: Monument, Patan, India, ca.1901

description: “A monument to one of the late Rao Rajas of Patan.” View of several men standing in front of domed canopy structure. These domed canopies, or chhatris, were considered typical of Rajasthani architecture. Chhatris were often built as cenotaphs for wealthy or important individuals, especially in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78916
title: Hindu Ascetics, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: “A group of Fakirs.” Exterior view of four Fakirs or religious beggars sitting in a circle by a river. This is one of several photographs showing life in the Punjab. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78911
title: Brick factory, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: “Brick-making.” Landscape view of workers amongst piles of bricks. ❧ This is one of several photographs showing industries and workers. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79170
title: Measuring the Salt, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “The British took over this Lake in 1871. Since then they have taken out of the Lake 1050,000,000 mans. 1 man = 82 lbs. or 8610,000,000 lbs.” View of man measuring mound of salt with a stick while group of people look on. Sambhar Lake is India’s largest inland salt lake. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79231
title: Lake and Arch, Naraina, India, ca.1901

description: “The lake and arch. This arch is Muhammadan and is built of stones from destroyed Hindu Temples. Population of Narena [Naraina] in 1901 5,266.” View of lake with large canopied archway. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79177
title: Teachers and Scholars, Sambhar, India, 1900

description: “The Sambhar School Teachers and Scholars, 1900. [Only the adults are identified. Clockwise from top R] Mr. S. B. Martin, Head Master and Teacher of English. Charles Roman, Persian and Urdu Teacher, P. Behari Lal, School Inspector, P. Bray Narayan, Assistant Hindi Teacher, P. Buie Madho, Hindi Teacher.” Group portrait of several teachers and a large group of school children. Sambhar had been for several years an outstation of the church in Jaipur. The school was directed by two native Christians. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79235
title: Mouth of a Cave, Bachun, India, ca.1901

description: “The mouth of a cave, Bichun [Bachun] Hill. Into this the last saints of a [?] age are supposed to have gone, [?] of the wickedness of the present age of sin [?] abound.” View of man sitting in a crevice in the rock. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79171
title: Salt Stacking, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “Salt Stacking, Sambhar.” View of group of workers carrying baskets of salt up a salt mound. Salt was extracted from the nearby Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79210
title: Camels, Ramgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Camels: our tent porters at breakfast, Ramgarh.” View of several pack camels being fed. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79214
title: Chhatri, Shampura, India, ca.1901

description: “The Chatri [chhatri] Shampura.” View of domed canopy with hillside in background. The term “chhatri” refers to the domed canopies and is considered typical of Rajasthani architecture. Chhatris were often built as cenotaphs for wealthy or important individuals. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79184
title: High School and Library, Khetri, India, ca.1901

description: “The temple now the High School and Library. The Library was the work of a former Rao Raja and contains about 5,000 volumes of standard medical and scientific works. The last Rao Raja has greatly added to the valuable collections.” External view of large decorated building. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79140
title: Gobind Niwas, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Gobind Niwas. The apartments in the Palace have special names from the nobles who built them.” External view of shaded courtyard and apartment building with men standing on balcony. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79195
title: Bhim’s Hill, Bairat, India, ca.1901

description: “Bhim’s Hill, Bairat [Viratnagar]. This part of Jaipur is full of Robin-Hood like stories. Bhimji is the great hero. Population in 1901 5,637.” View of low rocky hill with several people seated on rocky portion. Bhim’s Hill, also known as Bhim-Ki-Dungri or Pandu’s Hill, is the cave believed to be the ancient abode of Bhim, one of the Pandava brothers. The Pandavas were the five sons of Pandu. Their story is recorded in the Mahabharata, one of the most significant Sanskrit epics of ancient India. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79175
title: Some of the Christians, Sambhar, India, 1888

description: “Some of the Christians in Sambhar, 1888. Sambhar has been an out station of Jaipur since 1870. [back row fourth from L] Cornelius Peters, D. [Bayamire’s] successor also dead, [back row R end] D. [Bayamire] late catechist Sambhar.” Group portrait of several Christian men and women. Only two of the members are identified. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79173
title: Preparing to Store Salt, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “Preparing to store salt. Carrying salt from the salt pans, Sambhar.” View of workers making mounds of salt. The salt was extracted from the nearby Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79193
title: Jin Temple, Rajasthan, India, ca.1901

description: “The Jin Temple. The Devi or Goddess drinks from the hand of her worshippers 3 cups of strong native spirits. This trick is easily done. The intending worshipper bus a bottle of native spirits for from 8 to 19 pence, in the village near. He takes it into the inner temple and pours out a cup full. The officiating priest empties the cup on the mouth and chin of the goddess. The spirit trickles down and is caught on her neck. It finds its way into a dish to refill the same bottle to be resold to another deluded worshipper.” External view of temple structure. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79220
title: Thakurs School, Jobner, India, ca.1901

description: “The Thakurs school, Jubner [Jobner]. The noble Thakur Karan Singh of Jubner [Jobner] is seated in the middle of the scholars and teachers.” Group portrait of students and teachers surrounding the Thakur. The school is possibly the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic School that was established by Thakur Karan Singh in 1893. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79510
title: School house, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Schoolhouse - built by Mr. Inglis.” School building with thatched roof and fencing. A missionary/teacher and several indigenous students stand near the entrance. John Inglis (1808-1891) worked from Aname which was on the opposite side of the island from John Geddie of Nova Scotia. Geddie pioneered the Aneityum [Anatom] mission station in 1848 and over a hundred converts were made by 1853. John Inglis and his wife joined him in 1853, commissioned by the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the New Hebrides: Reminiscences of Missionary Life and Work was published in 1887.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79433
title: View of Haicheng, China, ca.1888-1894

description: “View of Haicheng from a hill outside”. Exterior view of the town of Haicheng, which is rather faded, showing open fields and then the town spreading out in the distance. The United Presbyterian Church established a mission in Haicheng in 1876 which is situated between Newchwang and Liaoyang. It became the base for the Rev. John MacIntyre (1837-1905) and his wife. ❧ The image is from an album relating to the Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79137
title: Hospital, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “This hospital, with 7 beds, has recently been opened.” External view of hospital building with people standing in front. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79138
title: Palace Gateway, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The gateway of the palace. The city palace and are surrounded with fortified wall and moat.” External view of palace gateway with guard standing in front. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79203
title: Gobindji’s Temple, Nawalgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Gobindji’s [Govindji] Temple, Nawalgarh.” External view of large decorated temple. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79151
title: Bazaar, Samode, India, ca.1901

description: “The Bazar, Samodh [Samode]. The camels have been unloaded.” External view of several camels sitting in the Samode marketplace. Samode palace is visibile on the hill in the background. Samode was a town located approximately 24 miles north of Jaipur. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79215
title: Our Tents, Khandel, India, ca.1901

description: “Our tents Khandel. Dr and Mrs Whitehouse and Mr Traill itinerating.” View of two tents in wide open field. Rev. John Traill, ordained 1869, came to Jaipur with his wife in 1872. He focused on ecclesiastical organization and preaching. Dr. Whitehouse is possibly referring to John Whitehouse, who was appointed to Jodhpur, west of Jaipur, in 1892. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79191
title: Corner of the Bazaar Square, Chirawa, India, ca.1901

description: “A corner of the Bayar [Bazaar] square Chirawa. This town belongs to the Rao Raja of Kheti, who since 1871 has maintained a dispensary here. The population in 1891 was 6,701, population in 1901 was 4,065. It is 25 miles N. of Khetri.” View of people and camels in street in front of building. If the town is 25 miles north of Khetri, it would be approximately 105 miles north of the city of Jaipur. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79169
title: Salt Pans, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “The salt pans in the Salt Lake, Sambhar. This Salt Lake is about 60 miles in circumference. The harvest of salt each year is about 4,000,000 mans or 328,000,000 lbs. The people are waiting to extract the salt from the pans.” View of people gathering salt from shallow salt water fields. Many people are watching from outside the fields. Sambhar Lake is India’s largest inland salt lake. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79188
title: Khetri Raja’s Palace, Jhunihunun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Khetri Raja’s Palace, Jhunjhanu [Jhunjhunu].” External view of palace structure. Several people are also in front. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79132
title: Nais Temple, Chomun, India, ca.1900

description: “Chomu [Chomun] is the principal village or town of Thakuran [Devi?] Singh, the premier noble of Jaipur. He, in January 1901, succeeded by adoption, Rao Bahadar, Thakuran Gobind Singh Bahadar, his uncle. 20 miles north of Jaipur.” External view of indigenous people in front of temple. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79705
title: Village Day Scholars, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "From our estate villages with their 500 souls, about 40 small boys & girls come to be taught as day scholars. They learn to read and write, but above all to sing Gods Praise, to pray to Him, and how they may know and serve Him. From the ranks of these will come the future Christian men and women, who will constitute members of the Christian Church. This work is intensely important, and potentially fruitful." Group portrait of school children, sitting outside of church building. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79232
title: Dadu’s Grave, Bachun, India, ca.1901

description: “Dadu’s grave Bichun [Bachun] Hill.” External view of small structure with man seated in front. Dadu Dayal, born 1544 in Ahmedabad, was a poet and sant mat, or Hindu saint and teacher. He died in 1603 in Naraina a village just west of Bachun. His followers are known as the Dadu Panth. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79229
title: Buildings Over Pool, Lohagal, India, ca.1901

description: “The buildings over the outer pool Lohagal.” External view of buildings with domed canopies built over pool. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79221
title: Marketplace, Jobner, India, ca.1901

description: “The market place Jubnir [Jobner].” View of several men seated in front of buildings. A fort is visible on the hill in the background. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79187
title: On the way to Jin Temple, Rajasthan, India, ca.1901

description: “On the way up to the Jin Temple, a very old Devis Temple.” View of small buildings with hill in background. Three women are carrying pots on their heads. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79162
title: Quiet Talk at Well, Shekhawati, India, ca.1900

description: “A quiet talk at the well by the way side. Sheikhawati [Shekhawati].” View of several men seated outside beside well. The well has four tall domed pillars. One of the men is probably John Traill. John Traill, ordained 1869, came to Jaipur with his wife in 1872. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79141
title: Moti Mahal, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Moti Mahal (Pearl Palace), Chomu [Chomun].” External view of the back of the Pearl Palace. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79563
title: Mission children with nurses at synod meeting, Vanuatu, 1891

description: “Children of missionaries and their nurses - Meeting of Mission Synod, 1891.” Group portrait of children who attended the mission synod, together with their indigenous nurses.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79704
title: School 100 strong, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "This group is composed of some 40 small village day scholars, about 20 senior, & junior teachers, eight girls, and the remainder boys ageing from 7 up to 21 or so. By the end of Aug. 1911, there are now no less than 111 boys & 22 girls boarding in our Mission Station, the numbers having been doubled in the short space of a year. Group portrait of school students pictured with their teachers. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79158
title: Marble Jain Shrine, Sanganer, India, ca.1900

description: “The Marble shrine of the Jain Temple, Sanganer 7 miles S. of Jaipur. Sanganer is a very old town. This the seat of a famous dyeing industry, which unfortunately is decaying owing to machine competition and imitations from Europe.” View of very ornately carved Jain shrine. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79168
title: Commissioner’s House, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “The Commissioner’s House at the Salt Lake, Sambhar.” External view of brick building. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79213
title: Morning Meeting, Shampura, India, ca.1901

description: “Just after a small morning meeting, Shampura.” Group portrait of several people standing or seated outdoors with village in background. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79206
title: Temple of the Maoli’s, Nawalgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Temple of the Maoli’s or the seven Furies, Nawalgarh.” External view of temple building and small courtyard area. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79133
title: Gopinath’s Temple, Chomun, India, ca.1900

description: “Gopi Nath’s [Gopinath] Temple are of the Vishnain temples Chomu [Chomun].” External view of temple building. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79218
title: Cottage, Khandel, India, ca.1901

description: “A cottage surrounded by ‘prickly pear’. Khandel. I lodged here for 2 days once when on a Preaching Tour, J.T. [John Traill].” External view of small cottage with many prickly pear plants in front. John Traill, ordained 1869, came to Jaipur with his wife in 1872. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79199
title: Priests, Rajasthan, India, ca.1901

description: “The Priests (young and old) of the Jin Temple.” Group portrait of Jin Temple priests. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79176
title: Village Christians and Orphans, Sambhar, India, 1900

description: “Some of the Village Christians and orphans, Sambhar 1900. These converts have come from some of the down-trodden Castes – the Balais or weaving caste. In the end of 1901 the native Christian community in Sambhar and in 5 villages near, was 100. 4 of the brightest boys are preparing for teachers in the normal school at Beawar.” The Balai were a community of Dalits, or outcastes. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79163
title: Hospital, Sikar, India, ca.1900

description: “The Hospital Sikar. There has been a good dispensary here since 1875. This new hospital opened in 1894. The estate the chief of Sikar is large. In 1891 it had a population 179, 334 living in 4 towns and 423 villages.” External view of hospital building. The town of Sikar is located 70 miles northwest of Jaipur. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79209
title: Fort and Square, Ramgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Fort & Square, Ramgarh.” External view of town square with fort in background. Ramgarh is approximately 40 miles northwest of Jaipur. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79230
title: Dadu Dwara, Naraina, India, ca.1901

description: “Back of the Daddwara [Dadu Dwara], Narena [Naraina]. This is the head quarters of the Dadu Panthis. Their Mahant or High priest lives here.” External view of large temple building with domed roof. Dadu Dayal, born 1544 in Ahmedabad, was a poet and sant mat, or Hindu saint and teacher. He died in 1603 in Naraina, approximately 35 miles west of Jaipur. His followers, known as the Dadu Panth, later built a temple on this site. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79192
title: Dargah, Jhunihunun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Darga [Dargah] or Mohammedan Mosque, Jhunjhanu [Jhunjhunu]. Population in 1901 was 12,279, population in 1891 was 10,160.” The Dargah pictured here was constructed as a tomb for Muslim saint Kamruddin Shah and was built in the mid 19th century. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79197
title: Palace, Khetri, India, ca.1901

description: “The Palace or residence of the Rao Raja of Khetri, a feudatory noble of Jaipur.” External view of palace structure and gateway. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79710
title: Mr. Allan, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "Mr Allan went out in July 1908, as agriculturist to the Mission. His work is the growing of food crops for the School and Hospital the conserving of the forest, and the training of lads in agriculture work." Portrait of Mr Allan agriculturist and missionary for the mission at Kikuyu. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.