DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n02v6wx62
title: Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Neotropical savanna

description: Differences between habitats and seasonal changes in climate are some of
 the main factors responsible for shaping diversity patterns and biological
 community structures. In this context, anurans are considered excellent
 models for ecological studies due to their high sensitivity to
 environmental changes. This study analyzed how differences between open
 and forested formations and seasonality influence the taxonomic,
 functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages in an area of
 Neotropical savanna. Parameters of taxonomic (species richness—SR),
 functional (functional diversity—SES.FD, functional dispersion—FDis and
 functional redundancy—FR), and phylogenetic diversity (phylogenetic
 species variability—PSV and phylogenetic species richness—PSR) were used
 to quantify spatiotemporal changes in the anuran assemblages. Sampling was
 carried out over 15 months, using pitfall traps and active searches. In
 total, we recorded 598 individuals belonging to 21 species and seven
 families. Species composition, SR and PSR differed between habitats and
 seasons, the latter two being higher in open formations during the rainy
 season. SES.FD differed seasonally, and was higher in the dry season.
 FDis, FR and PSV did not differ between treatments. Anurans from forested
 formations were functionally and phylogenetically clustered during the
 rainy season, while those from open formations were functionally clustered
 during the same season. Habitat type and seasonal variation were important
 in determining the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of
 the anuran assemblages. However, changes in climate and land use are
 expected to negatively impact the ecological and evolutionary diversity of
 these organisms in the Cerrado, reinforcing the importance of conservation
 policies and actions.
description: The study was carried out in a federal protected area (Serra das
 Araras Ecological Station – SAES), located in the southwest of the state
 of Mato Grosso, municipalities of Cáceres and Porto Estrela (15°33 – 57°03
 N; 15°39 – 57°19 E; Figure 1). The area, which is situated in a transition
 zone between Cerrado and Amazonia, is composed of a vegetation mosaic.
 Sampling was carried out in five types of vegetation, classified as open
 formations (Cerrado <em>sensu stricto</em> and
 <em>parque de cerrado</em>) and forested formations (riparian
 forest, semi-deciduous dry forest, and cerrado woodland, also known in
 Brazil as <em>cerradão</em>).  Sampling was
 carried out at ten sampling points (two sampling points in each type of
 vegetation), at least 200 meters apart. We sampled a total of four points
 in open formations and six points in forested formations. Data were
 collected between April 2009 and June 2010, using two complementary
 methodologies—pitfall traps with drift fences and active
 searches. We installed a set of pitfall traps at each
 sampling point (each set consisting of ten 60-liter plastic buckets, seven
 meters apart, buried along a straight line. The buckets were inspected
 daily, early in the morning, for five consecutive days each month,
 totaling 78 non-consecutive days of sampling. The total sampling effort
 was 6,820 buckets/day. At each sampling point, we
 performed active searches along pre-existing trails (nearly 1.5 m wide).
 Three to five observers slowly surveyed each trail on foot, during the
 daytime (between 08:20-10:30h) and at night (between 18:30 to 23:00h),
 along of all study. All the accessible microhabitats were visually
 inspected for the presence of amphibians. The sampling effort at each
 sampling site varied from 4.5 to 20 observer-hours, and the total sampling
 effort was 122.5 observer-hours.
description: # Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages
 across habitats and seasons in a Neotropical savanna
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n02v6wx62](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n02v6wx62) ## Description of the data and file structure Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): Data were collected between April 2009 and June 2010.\ Geographic location of data collection:  Ecological Station Serra das Araras, Cáceres, Brazil\ Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Data collecting was funded by the Cognitus Program of the International Institute of Education of Brazil—IEB and Conservation International Brazil—CI-Brasil through a research grant to C.S.  ### Files and variables #### File: Data_Set_BITR-24-085.R1.xlsx SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0  2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Barros, R. A., Dorado-Rodrigues, T. F., Valadão, R. M., Strussmann, C. (2024). Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Neotropical savannah. Biotropica. 1. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None 2. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: None 3. Was data derived from another source? No       A. If yes, list source(s): NA 1. Recommended citation for this dataset: Barros, R. A., Dorado-Rodrigues, T. F., Valadão, R. M., Strussmann, C. (2024). Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Neotropical savannah. Dryad Digital Repository. [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n02v6wx62](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n02v6wx62) DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1\. File List: A)  Data_Set_BITR-24-085.R1.xls a.  Sheet 1 – spp_Matrix b.  Sheet 2 – traits 2\. Relationship between files, if important: Sheet 1 is species matrix for community analysis. Sheet 2 are traits table used in the functional analysis. 3\. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: None 4\. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No       A. If yes, name of file(s) that was updated: NA            i. Why was the file updated? NA            ii. When was the file updated? NA DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: spp table (Sheet 1) is species matrix with abundance data. 1\. Number of columns: 22 2\. Number of cases/rows: 20 3\. Column List:    * Pontos: Site where data collected. Legends: Open formations in the dry season (OF:DS), open formations in the rainy season (OF:RS), forested formations in the dry season (FF:DS), forested formations in the rainy season (FF:RS).     * Species: The rest of the columns are species names. 4\. Missing data codes: N/A DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:  In the Sheet 2 (traits table), the number 1 indicates species presents that ecological characteristic for Habit Type (HT), Reproduction Type (RT), and Reproductive Mode (RM) traits. The SVL (Snout-Vent Length - mm) and body mass (g) values corresponds to the average size and weight of adult individuals of each species. The reproductive mode (RM) of species is represented by: RM_1 - Eggs and exotrophic tadpoles in lentic water; RM_11 - Foam nest floating on pond; exotrophic tadpoles in pond; RM_13 - Foam nest floating on water accumulated in constructed basins; exotrophic tadpoles in ponds; RM_20 - Eggs hatching into exotrophic tadpoles carried to water by parent; RM_23 - Direct development of terrestrial eggs; RM_30 - Foam nest with eggs and early larval stages in subterranean constructed nests; after flooding, exotrophic tadpoles get washed into ponds; RM_31 - Foam nest with eggs and early larval stages in subterranean constructed nests; after flooding, exotrophic tadpoles get washed into streams; RM_32 - Foam nest in subterranean constructed chambers; endotrophic tadpoles in chamber. For more details on RM classification see Crump 2015. 1\. Number of columns: 17 2\. Number of cases/rows: 21 3\. Column List: Functional traits used in the quantification of functional diversity. ## Code/software To calculate, functional and phylogenetic parameters were used with the ape (Paradis et al., 2004), pd (Laliberté & Legendre, 2010), FD (Laliberté & Legendre, 2010), picante (Kembel et al., 2010) and SYNCSA packages (Debastiani & Pillar, 2012).  The GAM models were built using the mgcv package (Wood, 2017).