DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j9kd51cnm
title: Data for: Hidden population turnover of small odontocetes in the northwestern North Pacific during the Holocene

description: Despite numerous studies on the rise and fall of terrestrial megafauna in
 the Late Quaternary, knowledge about marine megafauna from this period
 remains limited. In this study, we performed radiocarbon dating and
 partial mitochondrial DNA sequencing from the skeletal remains of three
 species of small odontocetes (Pacific white-sided dolphins, Dall’s
 porpoises, and harbour porpoises) excavated from prehistoric
 archaeological sites around the Japanese shore dating back to 8500 – 1000
 years ago (ya). Pacific white-sided dolphins that habituated the eastern
 coast of Hokkaido around 2000 ya belonged to different maternal groups
 than those from over 5000 ya and today. Furthermore, the species
 composition excavated from eastern Hokkaido sites varies between 5000 and
 2000 ya. These findings suggest two significant population turnovers of
 small odontocetes on the east coast of Hokkaido, a transitional zone
 between the coastal area of East Asia and the offshore North Pacific.
 Notably, the first turnover, occurring between 5000 and 2000 ya,
 represents the oldest evidence of local population turnovers of marine
 megafauna during the Late Quaternary.
description: # Data for: Hidden population turnover of small odontocetes in the
 northwestern North Pacific during the Holocene
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j9kd51cnm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j9kd51cnm) ## Description of the data and file structure Files are stored in BaySICS (Sandoval-Castellanos et al. 2014) input file (.dat) format **dataS1.dat**          (an input file for Scenario 1) A01 – A34: contemporary Hokkaido individuals sequenced in this study A35 – A38: Higashi-Kushiro individuals B01 – B24: contemporary offshore individuals reported by Hayano et al. (2004) C01 – C12: Nusamai individuals **dataS2.dat**          (an input file for Scenario 2) A01 – A34: contemporary Hokkaido individuals sequenced in this study A35 – A38: Higashi-Kushiro individuals B01 – B12: Nusamai individuals C01 – C24: contemporary offshore individuals reported by Hayano et al. (2004) **common parameters** Mutation rate of the mtDNA D-loop region: 0.32 [/site/million years] (Sigurðardóttir et al. 2000) *Ne1*: 1000 (Suzuki et al. 2023) No. of simulations: 10000 Compared summary statistics: HapTypes, PrivHaps, SegSites, PairDiffs, NucDiver, GenDiver, TajmaD. **References** Sandoval-Castellanos, E., Palkopoulou, E., & Dalén, L. (2014). Back to BaySICS: a user-friendly program for Bayesian statistical inference from coalescent simulations. *PLoS ONE* 9, e98011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098011 Sigurðardóttir, S., Helgason, A., Gulcher, J. R., Stefansson, K., & Donnelly, P. (2000). The mutation rate in the human mtDNA control region. *Am. J. Hum. Genet.* 66, 1599-1609. doi:10.1086/302902 Suzuki, M., Ohno, K., Sawayama, E., Morinaga, S., Kishida, T., Matsumoto, T., & Kato, H. (2023). Genomics reveals a genetically isolated population of the Pacific white-sided dolphin (*Lagenorhynchus obliquidens*) distributed in the Sea of Japan. *Mol. Ecol.* 32, 881-891. doi:10.1111/mec.16797 ### Files and variables #### File: DataS1.dat **Description:** BaySICS input file for Scenario 1 #### File: DataS2.dat **Description:** BaySICS input file for Scenario 2