cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.stqjq2c00
title: Data from: Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: an experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level.

description: Among the traits whose relevance for plant invasions has recently been
 suggested are genome size (the amount of nuclear DNA) and ploidy level. So
 far, research on the role of genome size in invasiveness has been mostly
 based on indirect evidence by comparing species with different genome
 sizes, but how karyological traits influence competition at the
 intraspecific level remains unknown. We addressed these questions in a
 common‐garden experiment evaluating the outcome of direct intraspecific
 competition among 20 populations of Phragmites australis, represented by
 clones collected in North America and Europe, and differing in their
 status (native and invasive), genome size (small and large), and ploidy
 levels (tetraploid, hexaploid, or octoploid). Each clone was planted in
 competition with one of the others in all possible combinations with three
 replicates in 45‐L pots. Upon harvest, the identity of 21 shoots sampled
 per pot was revealed by flow cytometry and DNA analysis. Differences in
 performance were examined using relative proportions of shoots of each
 clone, ratios of their aboveground biomass, and relative yield total
 (RYT). The performance of the clones in competition primarily depended on
 the clone status (native vs. invasive). Measured in terms of shoot number
 or aboveground biomass, the strongest signal observed was that North
 American native clones always lost in competition to the other two groups.
 In addition, North American native clones were suppressed by European
 natives to a similar degree as by North American invasives. North American
 invasive clones had the largest average shoot biomass, but only by a
 limited, nonsignificant difference due to genome size. There was no effect
 of ploidy on competition. Since the North American invaders of European
 origin are able to outcompete the native North American clones, we suggest
 that their high competitiveness acts as an important driver in the early
 stages of their invasion.
description: The data are results of competition between clones of Phragmites
 communis in a common garden experiments. Two clones were planted in each
 pot at the beginning of growing season (Clone1ID, Clone 2ID) differing in
 Status (Inv, invasive; Nat, native in North America) and genome size (sml,
 small; lrg, large). Competition was measured by revealing the identity of
 21 regularly distributed shoots in each plot (by flow cytometry and
 genetic analysis) and assigning them to each clone, estimating their
 biomass and calculation RYT (relative yield total). See Pyšek et al.,
 Ecology and Ecolution 2019, for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fttdz08nx
title: Field evaluation of abundance estimates under binomial and multinomial N‐mixture models

description: Assessing and modelling abundance from animal count data is a very common
 task in ecology and management. Detection is arguably never perfect, but
 modern hierarchical models can incorporate detection probability and yield
 abundance estimates that are corrected for imperfect detection. Two
 variants of these models rely on counts of unmarked individuals, or
 territories, (binomial N‐mixture models, or binmix) and on
 detection histories based on territory mapping data (multinomial N‐mixture
 models or multimix). However, calibration studies which evaluate
 these two N‐mixture model approaches are needed. We analysed conventional
 territory mapping data (three surveys in 2014 and four in 2015) using both
 binmix and multimix models to estimate abundance for two common avian
 cavity‐nesting forest species (Great Tit Parus major and
 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus). In the same study area,
 we used two benchmarks: (i) occupancy data from a dense nest box scheme;
 (ii) total number of detected territories. To investigate variance in
 estimates due to the territory assignment, three independent
 ornithologists conducted territory assignments. Nest box occupancy yields
 a minimum number of territories, since some natural cavities may have been
 used, and binmix model estimates were generally higher than this
 benchmark. Estimates under the multimix model were slightly more precise
 than binmix model estimates. Depending on the person assigning the
 territories, the multimix model estimates became quite different, either
 overestimating or underestimating the “truth”. We conclude that
 N‐mixture‐models estimated abundance reliably, even for our very small
 sample sizes. Territory‐mapping counts depended on territory assignment
 and this carried over to estimates under the multimix model. This
 limitation has to be taken into account when abundance estimates are
 compared between sites or years. Whenever possible, accounting for such
 hidden heterogeneity in the raw data of bird surveys, via including a
 “territory editor” factor, is recommended. Distributing the surveys
 randomly (in time and space) to editors may also alleviate this problem.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.47d7wm38j
title: Data from: Habitat urbanization and stress response are primary predictors of personality variation in Northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis)

description: Behavioral traits that vary consistently among individuals across
 different contexts are often termed as personality traits. The correlated
 suite formed by those traits, called a ‘behavioral syndrome’, can provide
 a more comprehensive way to view animal behavior. Both extrinsic and
 intrinsic ‘states’ (defined as strategically relevant individual features
 affecting the cost-and-benefit trade-offs of behavioral actions) have the
 potential to shape among-individual variation in personality traits, as
 well as behavioral syndromes. Here, we used Northern cardinals (Cardinalis
 cardinalis) sampled from four locations to examine the effect of habitat
 type (an extrinsic state), stress hormone corticosterone (CORT)
 parameters, body weight and sex (intrinsic states) on personality traits
 and behavioral syndrome variation. We used behavioral trials to measure
 five personality traits. Using principle component analysis (PCA) followed
 by general linear mixed model (GLMM), we found that habitat type, baseline
 CORT and CORT short-term response affected some personality traits, while
 body weights and sex did not. Cardinals inhabiting more urbanized areas
 with lower baseline CORT levels were more neophilic, less neophobic and
 also less aggressive than their rural conspecifics. Using structural
 equation modeling (SEM), we also found that urban and rural cardinals
 varied in the models representing syndrome structure. When utilizing the
 shared syndrome structural model to examine the effects of states, habitat
 type and CORT short-term response appear to affect syndrome variation in a
 coordinated, not hierarchical, manner.
description: Original behavioral measurements and calculated personality
 scores of Northern cardinals
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8931zcrm3
title: Cones structure and seed traits of four species of large-seeded pines: adaptation to animal-mediated dispersal

description: Seed dispersal selection pressures may cause morphological differences in
 cone structure and seed traits of large-seeded pine trees. We investigated
 the cone, seed, and scale traits of four species of animal-dispersed pine
 trees to explore the adaptations of morphological structures to different
 dispersers. The four focal pines analyzed in this study were Chinese white
 pine (Pinus armandi), Korean pine (P. koraiensis), Siberian dwarf pine (P.
 pumila), and Dabieshan white pine (P. dabeshanensis). There are
 significant differences in the traits of the cones and seeds of these four
 animal-dispersed pines. The scales of Korean pine and Siberian dwarf pine
 are somewhat opened after cone maturity, the seeds are closely combined
 with scales, and the seed coat and scales are thick. The cones of Chinese
 white pine and Dabieshan white pine are open after ripening, the seeds
 fall easily from the cones, and the seed coat and seed scales are
 relatively thin. The results showed that the cone structure of Chinese
 white pine is similar to that of Dabieshan white pine, whereas Korean pine
 and Siberian dwarf pine are significantly different from the other two
 pines and vary significantly from each other. This suggests that species
 with similar seed dispersal strategies exhibit similar morphological
 adaptions. Accordingly, we predicted three possible seed dispersal
 paradigms for animal-dispersed pines: the first, as represented by Chinese
 white pine and Dabieshan white pine, relies upon small forest rodents for
 seed dispersal; the second, represented by Korean pine, relies primarily
 on birds and squirrels to disperse the seeds; and the third, represented
 by Siberian dwarf pine, relies primarily on birds for seed dispersal. Our
 study highlights the significance of animal seed dispersal in shaping cone
 morphology, and our predictions provide a theoretical framework for
 research investigating the coevolution of large-seeded pines and their
 seed dispersers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1bm
title: Linking species-level network metrics to flower traits and plant fitness

description: 1. Theoretical models indicate that the structure of plant-pollinator
 networks has important implications for species’ reproduction and
 survival. However, despite the growing information on the mechanisms
 underlying such structure, we are still far from being able to predict the
 functional consequences of species’ structural positions in such networks.
 From the plants’ perspective, species position and roles in pollination
 networks might be related to traits describing flower attractiveness,
 availability, and dependence on pollinators. In turn, both, network
 metrics and species traits might influence plant fitness. 2. During two
 field seasons, we collected data of the 23 most abundant plant species
 from a rich coastal community in order to evaluate the association between
 population and floral traits (floral abundance at the population level and
 flowers/individual, flower shape and size, flowering length, nectar
 volume, pollinator dependence), species-level network metrics (linkage
 level, specialization –d’–, weighted closeness centrality, network roles
 related to modularity) and plant fitness (seeds/flower, seed weight). 3.
 Flowering length, flower size, flower abundance and pollinator dependence
 were positively related to increased generalization, as measured with
 different indices. More abundant species and those with larger flowers
 showed higher linkage levels (i.e. higher number of pollinator species),
 whereas longer flowering periods were negatively related to d’ and
 positively related to closeness centrality and important roles in the
 network. Likewise, plants more dependent on pollinators occupied more
 central positions in the network. Furthermore, species’ centrality in the
 networks was significantly associated with plant fitness. Specifically,
 central species in the network produced more and heavier seeds than the
 others. However, other plant traits, such as flower size and pollinator
 dependence had additional direct effects on seed production. 4. Synthesis.
 Our study highlights how population and floral traits define the positions
 and roles of species structuring the pollination communities. Moreover,
 the relationships between network metrics and plant reproduction indicate,
 for the first time, the functional implications of these structural
 positions at the inter-specific level of community assembly.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqz7p
title: Data from: Warming alters surface soil organic matter composition despite unchanged carbon stock in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem

description: 1. Climate warming can alter ecosystem carbon (C) balance and also the
 composition of soil organic matter (SOM), with important local and global
 implications. However, the extent to which rising temperature affects SOM
 composition in permafrost ecosystems remains poorly understood. 2. Here,
 we experimentally warmed a permafrost ecosystem by open-top chambers
 (OTCs) on the Tibetan Plateau for four years to quantify the responses of
 C inputs via vegetation production, C losses via soil respiration, and
 soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the top 30 cm. We also characterized
 the molecular composition of SOM using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
 (NMR) and biomarker analyses. 3. The results indicated that warming
 treatment significantly increased root biomass, soil respiration,
 heterotrophic respiration and its contribution to soil respiration by
 16.7%, 49.0%, 63.2% and 9.5%, respectively. While we observed no change in
 SOC stocks, warming altered SOM composition in the 0-10 cm layer during
 the fourth experimental year. Warming increased the abundance of the alkyl
 C component (3.9%) and decreased aromatic C (5.1%), primarily lignin. The
 decrease in lignin-derived compounds was attributable to the increased
 soil phenol oxidase activity. 4. Overall, the substantial increase in
 heterotrophic respiration and rapid degradation of relatively recalcitrant
 C components such as lignin demonstrate that Tibetan SOC stocks are
 vulnerable to climate warming, which could trigger positive C–climate
 feedback in a warmer world.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvdpn
title: A genome-skimmed phylogeny of a widespread bryozoan family, Adeonidae

description: Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among species is one of the
 main goals of systematic biology. Simultaneously, credible phylogenetic
 hypotheses are often the first requirement for unveiling the evolutionary
 history of traits and for modelling macroevolutionary processes. However,
 many non-model taxa have not yet been sequenced to an extent such that
 statistically well-supported molecular phylogenies can be constructed for
 these purposes. Here, we use a genome-skimming approach to extract
 sequence information for 15 mitochondrial and 2 ribosomal operon genes
 from the cheilostome bryozoan family, the Adeonidae, Busk, 1884, whose
 current systematics is based purely on morphological traits. The members
 of the Adeonidae are, like all cheilostome bryozoans, benthic, colonial,
 marine organisms. Adeonids are also geographically widely-distributed,
 often locally common, and are sometimes important habitat-builders.
 Results We successfully genome-skimmed 35 adeonid colonies representing 6
 genera (Adeona, Adeonellopsis, Bracebridgia, Adeonella, Laminopora and
 Cucullipora). We also contributed 16 new, circularised mitochondrial
 genomes to the eight previously published for cheilostome bryozoans. Using
 the aforementioned mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, we inferred the
 relationships among these 35 samples. Contrary to some previous
 suggestions, the Adeonidae is a robustly supported monophyletic clade.
 However, the genera Adeonella and Laminopora are in need of revision:
 Adeonella is polyphyletic and Laminopora paraphyletically forms a clade
 with some Adeonella species. Additionally, we assign a sequence clustering
 identity using cox1 barcoding region of 99% at the species and 83% at the
 genus level. Conclusions We provide sequence data, obtained via
 genome-skimming, that greatly increases the resolution of the phylogenetic
 relationships within the adeonids. We present a highly-supported topology
 based on 17 genes and substantially increase availability of circularised
 cheilostome mitochondrial genomes, and highlight how we can extend our
 pipeline to other bryozoans.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2fqz614b
title: Population and landscape genetic analysis of the Malayan sun bear Helarctos malayanus

description: Conservation genetics can provide data needed by conservation
 practitioners for their decisions regarding the management of vulnerable
 or endangered species, such as the sun bear Helarctos malayanus.
 Throughout its range, the sun bear is threatened by loss and fragmentation
 of its habitat and the illegal trade of both live bears and bear parts.
 Sharply declining population numbers and population sizes, and a lack of
 natural dispersal between populations all threaten the genetic diversity
 of the remaining populations of this species. In this first population
 genetics study of sun bears using microsatellite markers, we analyzed 68
 sun bear samples from Cambodia to investigate population structure and
 genetic diversity. We found evidence for two genetically distinct
 populations in the West and East of Cambodia. Ongoing or recent gene flow
 between these populations does not appear sufficient to alleviate loss of
 diversity in these populations, one of which (West Cambodia) is
 characterized by significant inbreeding. We were able to assign 85% of sun
 bears of unknown origin to one of the two populations with high confidence
 (assignment probability ≥ 85%), providing valuable information for the
 release of bears. Further, our results suggest that developed land (mostly
 agricultural mosaics) acts as a barrier to gene flow for sun bears in
 Cambodia. We highlight that regional sun bear conservation action plans
 should consider promoting population connectivity and enforcing wildlife
 protection of this threatened species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280m0
title: Maintaining historic disturbance regimes increases species’ resilience to catastrophic hurricanes

description: As habitat loss and fragmentation, urbanization, and global climate change
 accelerate, conservation of rare ecosystems increasingly relies on human
 intervention. However, any conservation strategy is vulnerable to
 unpredictable, catastrophic events. Whether active management increases or
 decreases a system’s resilience to these events remains unknown. Following
 Hurricane Irma’s landfall in our habitat restoration study sites, we found
 that rare ecosystems with active, human-imposed management suffered less
 damage in a hurricane’s path than unmanaged systems. At the center of Is
 landfall, we found Croton linearis’ (a locally rare plant that is the sole
 host for two endangered butterfly species) survival and population growth
 rates in the year of the hurricane were higher in previously managed plots
 than in un-managed controls. In the periphery of Irma’s circulation, the
 effect of prior management was stronger than that of the hurricane.
 Maintaining the historical disturbance regime thus increased the
 resilience of the population to major hurricane disturbance.  As
 climate change increases the probability and intensity of severe
 hurricanes, human management of disturbance-adapted landscapes will become
 increasingly important for maintaining populations of threatened species
 in a storm’s path. Doing nothing will accelerate extinction.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3nz
title: Scholarly Seeking, Reading, and Use Behaviors dataset

description: While journal articles are still considered the most important sources of
 scholarly reading, libraries may no longer have a monopoly on providing
 discovery and access. Many other sources of scholarly information are
 available to readers. This international study examines how researchers
 discover, read, and use scholarly literature for their work. Respondents
 in 2018 report an average of almost 20 article readings a month and there
 are still significant differences found in the reading and use of
 scholarly literature by discipline and geographical location, consistent
 with the earlier studies. Researchers show they are willing to change or
 adopt new strategies to discover and obtain articles.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjfz
title: Data from: Exploratory behavior, but not aggressiveness, is correlated with breeding dispersal propensity in the highly philopatric Thorn-tailed Rayadito

description: Studies on the relationship between behavioral traits and dispersal are
 necessary to understand the evolution of dispersal syndromes.
 Empirical studies have mainly focused on natal dispersal, even
 though behavioral differences between dispersers and philopatric
 individuals are suspected to hold through the whole life cycle,
 potentially affecting breeding dispersal propensity. Using
 capture–mark–recapture data and behavioral trials in a forest
 passerine, the thorn-tailed rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda, we
 describe inter-individual differences in exploratory behavior and
 aggressiveness, and investigate the relationship between those
 traits and breeding dispersal. Our study took place in Fray Jorge
 National Park, north-central Chile, where a relatively
 isolated population of rayaditos inhabits a naturally fragmented
 environment. We found that scores for behavioral traits were
 consistent between years. Exploratory behavior was similar
 between sexes, while males showed higher levels of aggression towards a
 conspecific male intruder. Only exploratory behavior was related
 to breeding dispersal propensity, with fast-exploring rayaditos
 being more likely to have dispersed between seasons. This finding
 provides indirect evidence for the existence of a dispersal
 strategy that could reduce dispersal costs in the fragmented
 landscape of Fray Jorge. To our knowledge, this is the first
 study documenting an association between breeding
 dispersal and exploratory behavior in a wild bird population. A
 longitudinal individual-based study will help determining whether
 this association constitutes a behavioral syndrome.
description: Details are provided in the published paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8gtht76jt
title: Indirect actuation reduces flight power requirements in Manduca sexta via elastic energy exchange

description: In many insects, wing movements are generated indirectly via exoskeletal
 deformations. Measurements of inertial and aerodynamic power suggest that
 elastic recovery of energy between wingstrokes might reduce power
 requirements of flight. We tested three questions. 1) Can the thorax
 itself provide significant energy return? 2) Does a simple damped elastic
 model describe the bulk mechanical behavior? and 3) Are different regions
 of the thorax specialized for elastic energy exchange? We measured
 deformation mechanics of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta thorax by
 recording the force required to sinusoidally deform the thorax over a wide
 frequency range. Elastic energy storage in the thorax is sufficient to
 minimize power requirements. However, we find that a structural
 (frequency-independent) damping model, not a viscoelastic model, best
 describes the thorax's mechanical properties. We next performed
 complementary experiments on a structurally damped homogeneous hemisphere.
 In contrast to the hemispherical shell, we find that mechanical coupling
 between different regions of the thorax improves energy exchange
 performance, and that local mechanical properties depend on global strain
 patterns. Specifically, the scutum region provides energy recovery with
 low dissipation, while the majority of energy loss occurred in the wing
 hinge region, highlighting the specificity of thorax regions for flight
 energetics. 
description: This dataset contains raw dynamic mechanical testing data
 from <em>Manduca sexta</em> thoraxes and ping pong balls. All
 necessary information to use the data is contained in the
 ReadMe.