DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18310064
title: the experimental verification data for the paper "Apparent Asymmetry in Electromagnetic Interactions: A 'Virtual Wire' Model-Based Concept for Reactionless Propulsion and Preliminary Experimental Observations"

description: Experimental Data Description

This data comprises the experimental verification data for the paper "Apparent Asymmetry in Electromagnetic Interactions: A 'Virtual Wire' Model-Based Concept for Reactionless Propulsion and Preliminary Experimental Observations" (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18253126). The description is as follows:

Experimental Setup Composition:

Drive Coil: A half-wave antenna resonant at 100 MHz, center-fed and wound into a toroidal coil. Specific parameters: Wire diameter 2.7 mm, 5 turns, circumference per turn 30 cm, open-ended. The system uses high-frequency inductive drive, supplied with a high-frequency current of frequency f\ =\ 100\ MHz\ and effective value\ I_drive,eff\approx0.3A.

Work Coil: A C-shaped open-ended coil, with the same diameter as the drive coil, coaxial and strongly coupled. Specific parameters: Wound with 0.1 mm diameter enameled wire, 12,000 turns; Key feature: Each turn has a constant 70° mechanical opening, with all openings aligned across the work coil.

The drive coil and work coil together constitute the working assembly, with a mass of 270g.

Mechanical Analysis:

Net Force Estimation: The work coil generates a standing wave current under mutual inductance with the drive coil. Theoretical estimation places the net force on a single C-shaped coil turn at approximately 2.8 × 10⁻⁸ N. With 12,000 turns in the work coil, the total net force is on the order of 10⁻⁴ N. The direction of the net force is perpendicular to the driven portion of the coil (e.g., the bottom edge of the C-shaped coil), pointing outward from the coil.

Measurement System:

3.1 The working assembly is suspended from the lower end of a simple pendulum with a length of 1.3 m. After recording the pendulum's motion state (via video) before and after power application, visual observation and calculation were used. The thrust was estimated by measuring the minute angular displacement of the pendulum. Due to the limitations of visual observation, only the presence or absence of a displacement change could be observed, not the specific numerical value of the change. This constitutes qualitative, not quantitative, observation.

3.2 Ideally, power should be applied for testing when the pendulum is completely stationary. However, due to experimental constraints, achieving complete stillness of the pendulum was difficult. Therefore, most experiments involved observing changes in motion state (displacement) upon power application while the pendulum was undergoing regular, small-amplitude swinging.

3.3 In the experiments, the Chinese verbal commands "kai ji (power on)" and "guan ji (power off)" were used as markers for power application and cut-off to the working assembly.

3.4 It is important to note specifically that the high-frequency generator used in the experiment takes approximately 3 seconds to power on after the power button is pressed. Accounting for this delay, the Chinese verbal command was issued approximately 3 seconds after pressing the button. Therefore, the actual power application time for the working assembly may precede or follow the time of the verbal command.

Figure 1 in the materials is an overall schematic diagram of the measurement system. The video materials, Experiments 1 through 12, consist of video recordings from 12 sets of verification experiments.

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January 20, 2026