cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w6v79g
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1854)",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than 5000",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen, Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "InstitutionCode" : [
 "is one of (iNaturalist)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003781-250214102907787/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.p27gvn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2622 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 "MediaType is Image",
 "ScientificName is Epilobium angustifolium L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2622 records from 77 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003782-250214102907787/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/ca2w58
title: Four new species of Mycale (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from the Southwest Atlantic

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Mácola, Rosa, Nascimento, Elielton, Pinheiro, Ulisses, Neves, Elizabeth, Johnsson, Rodrigo (2025): Four new species of Mycale (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5627 (3): 401-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.3.1AbstractFour new species of Mycale Gray, 1867 are described in shallow water environments from northeastern Brazil: Mycale (Zygomycale) odoya sp. nov., Mycale (Naviculina) oxeata sp. nov., Mycale (Paresperella) policuspidifera sp. nov. and Mycale (M.) salvadorensis sp. nov. The studied specimens were collected at Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil. They are preserved in 80% ethanol and deposited in the Porifera Collections at the Department of Zoology (UFPEPOR), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco and Museum of the Natural History of Bahia (UFBA), Universidade Federal da Bahia. Mycale (Z.) odoya sp. nov. is an arborescent sponge, with two megasclere categories, and the microscleres are palmate anisochelae in three size categories, palmate isochelae, sigmas in two size categories, toxas, raphides and micracanthoxeas. Mycale (N.) oxeata sp. nov. is a thinly encrusting sponge with transparent surface and easily detachable ‘skin’, the megascleres are composed of mycalostyles and an additional category of oxeas, palmate anisochelae in two size categories. Mycale (P.) policuspidifera sp. nov. is a thinly encrusting sponge that is yellowish in situ, subtylostyles length 165–266 µm, with tridentate or polydentate pointed ends, microscleres are serrated sigmas and palmate anisochelae in two categories. And finally, Mycale (M.) salvadorensis sp. nov. is a massive or encrusting sponge, with two mycalostyles categories and microscleres palmate anisochelae in three size categories, sigmas in two size categories and raphides in two size categories. In addition, we present a characterization of Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864).
DOI: 10.15468/bt7w2k
title: Two new species and new records of Campsurus Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) in Amazon

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Molineri, Carlos, Hamada, Neusa (2022): Two new species and new records of Campsurus Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) in Amazon. Zootaxa 5100 (3): 435-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.7AbstractCampsurus Eaton is the second most speciose genus of mayflies in South America and, until recently, one of the most problematic. The scenario was so disorganized that the description of new species was strongly discouraged. In 2010 the genus started to be revised and, after more than ten years of advances, the taxonomic impediment was drastically reduced, facilitating new researches. The new evidence allowed us to investigate specimens of this genus collected from Amapá and Mato Grosso States, Brazil, which were impossible to assign to any species in the past. As results, two new species are described, Campsurus fortuitus sp. nov. and Campsurus froehlichi sp. nov.; and new records are provided for Campsurus cuyuniensis Traver, Campsurus indivisus Ulmer, Campsurus inusitatus Molineri & Salles, Campsurus jorgenseni Esben- Petersen, Campsurus litaninensis Spieth, Campsurus nessimiani Molineri & Salles, Campsurus pereirae Molineri & Salles and, Campsurus segnis Needham & Murphy.
DOI: 10.15468/htgmva
title: Review of the genus Anthobium Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae) of Western Palaearctic region

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Shavrin, Alexey V. (2024): Review of the genus Anthobium Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae) of Western Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 5537 (4): 451-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5537.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.4.1AbstractTaxonomic and faunistic data for seven species of the atrocephalum and two species of the fusculum groups of the genus Anthobium Leach, 1819 of the Western Palaearctic region are presented. Three species are redescribed and illustrated: North African A. longicorne (Fauvel, 1886), Iberian A. moczarskii (Scheerpeltz, 1961) and Caucasian A. tenue (Eppelsheim, 1881). Five new synonymies are proposed: A. atrocephalum (Gyllenhal, 1827) = Lathrimaeum gracilicorne Luze, 1905 syn. n., = L. abantense Fagel, 1968 syn. n., = L. urgelense Fagel, 1968 syn. n., A. melanocephalum (Illiger, 1794) = L. hamatum Luze, 1905 syn. n., and A. unicolor (Marsham, 1802) = L. deinekini Roubal, 1913 syn. n. Lectotypes for Lathrimaeum deinekini Roubal, 1913, L. longicorne Fauvel, 1886 and L. tenue Eppelsheim, 1881 are designated. The habitus and aedeagi of A. atrocephalum, A. ganglbaueri (Luze, 1905), A. metallicum (Luze, 1905) and A. unicolor are provided. Aedeagi of A. longicorne, A. metallicum and A. moczarskii are illustrated for the first time. A key of Western Palaearctic species of Anthobium is presented. Distributional maps of all redescribed species are given. Several species are recorded for the first time: A. atrocephalum from Morocco, Azerbaijan and Iran, A. melanocephalum from Azerbaijan, A. moczarskii from Portugal, A. tenue from Russia, and A. unicolor and A. ganglbaueri (Luze, 1905) from Georgia.
DOI: 10.15468/xk3mqr
title: Revision of the Eurybrachidae XVIII. The Australian genus Olonia Stål, 1862: Four new species, new records and biological data (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Constant, Jérôme (2024): Revision of the Eurybrachidae XVIII. The Australian genus Olonia Stål, 1862: Four new species, new records and biological data (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). European Journal of Taxonomy 941 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.941.2579, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2579/11729Abstract. Four new species of the Australian genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 are described from northern Queensland: O. albomarginata sp. nov., O. aschei sp. nov., O. jackiei sp. nov. and O. lindae sp. nov. Host plants and natural history data are documented and additional new records provided for O. guillaumei Constant, 2018, O. hochae Constant, 2018, O. picea Kirkaldy, 1906, O. rubicunda (Walker, 1851) and O. soulierae Constant, 2018. Trophobiosis is recorded for the first time in the genus, between a female of O. hochae and ants of the genus Camponotus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), representing the second record of trophobiosis in Australian Eurybrachidae. The male terminalia of the new species are illustrated and photographs of collection and live specimens, distribution maps, biological data and an identification key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains sixteen species.
DOI: 10.15468/nahcuc
title: Redescription of a small Caviidae (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from the Neogene of northwestern Argentina and its systematic implications

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Jaén, María Carolina Madozzo, Pérez, María Encarnación (2024): Redescription of a small Caviidae (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from the Neogene of northwestern Argentina and its systematic implications. Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (20): 269-292, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a20, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a20ABSTRACTThe understanding of the taxonomy, diversity, and evolutionary patterns of caviids in northwestern Argentina is still in the process of development. This paper presents new insights into the systematic and evolution of Orthomyctera andina (Rovereto, 1914), one of the most abundant species within Caviidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817, in the fossil record of this region. A comprehensive anatomical description and taxonomic review of Orthomyctera andina in a phylogenetic context is provided. Moreover, it includes a redescription of the type specimen of Orthomyctera rigens (Ameghino, 1888). The taxonomical results confirm that O. andina belongs to a different genus: Orocavia (Kraglievich, 1932). The phylogenetic analysis further confirms the placement of both species within Caviinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817. Orthomyctera andina is the sister taxon of the clade that includes Microcavia Gervais & Ameghino, 1880, Dolicavia Ameghino, 1916, Neocavia Kraglievich, 1932, and Orthomyctera Ameghino, 1889. It is supported by a combination of plesiomorphic characters (e.g. furrow opposite to hypoflexus/id in molariforms) shared with basal taxa and Dolichotinae Pocock, 1922 and derived characters (such as a terreced palate, external auditory meatus below the occlusal surface, length of p4-m1 shorter than length of m2-m3) shared with Caviinae. This study aims to elucidate the taxonomic status of these poorly known rodents and their relationships within Caviidae. Additionally, it incorporates a biogeographic analysis of caviomorph communities from the late Neogene in Argentina.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.52kww5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "ScientificName is Papilio machaon",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1970",
 "Country is one of (Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066328-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/6qp45t
title: Order Pholidota

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original book chapter James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Pholidota. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 344, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353015
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vf83rh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 33047 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Biodiversitätsdatenbank Salzburg"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 33047 records were derived from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066326-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/hafhtx
title: Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Dantas, Galileu P. S., Amat, Eduardo, Hamada, Neusa, Giłka, Wojciech (2022): Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia. Zootaxa 5129 (4): 505-529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.4.2AbstractOur study pertains to the systematics and diversity of non-biting midges of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 from the Neotropical region and in particular, Colombia, a country scarcely studied for these dipterans to date. Adult male specimens collected from the Colombian Llanos and Andes biomes belong to five species described as new in the present paper: Tanytarsus colombiensis sp. nov. (placed in the caipira species group, here defined), T. germani sp. nov. and T. gnomon sp. nov. (both placed in the curvicristatus group, here defined), T. lulu sp. nov. (in the ligulatus group, here defined) and T. meta sp. nov. (the riopreto group). Also an illustrated brief redescription of the adult male of T. hastatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994 is provided. After reclassification of Caladomyia Säwedal, 1981, the name accepted as a junior synonym of Tanytarsus, several species names became homonyms, thus they are here proposed to be replaced with substitute names, as follows: Tanytarsus reiffi nom. nov. pro Tanytarsus reissi (Reiff, 2000); Tanytarsus sanseverinoi nom. nov. pro Tanytarsus angelae Trivinho-Strixino et Shimabukuro, 2017; Tanytarsus trivinhostrixinoi nom. nov. pro Tanytarsus fittkaui Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010. Rheotanytarsus breda (Roback, 1960) comb. nov. is excluded from Tanytarsus. An annotated checklist of Neotropical Tanytarsus, with 89 species, is also presented.
DOI: 10.15468/tg2dk3
title: A New Genus and Five New Species of Phoxocephalidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Eastern Tasman Sea, the Otago Shelf, and The Snares, New Zealand

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Taylor, Joanne, Peart, Rachael A. (2023): A New Genus and Five New Species of Phoxocephalidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Eastern Tasman Sea, the Otago Shelf, and The Snares, New Zealand. Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 75 (4): 567-600, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1894, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1894
DOI: 10.15468/7w4vrf
title: Review of the Australian endemic odontocerid genus Barynema and status of Australian Marilia (Trichoptera)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wells, Alice, St Clair, Rosalind (2021): Review of the Australian endemic odontocerid genus Barynema and status of Australian Marilia (Trichoptera). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 80: 101-112, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2021.80.05, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2021.80.05Abstract Wells, A. and St Clair, R.M. 2021. Review of the Australian endemic odontocerid genus Barynema and status of Australian Marilia (Trichoptera). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 80: 101–112.In this review of Australian Odontoceridae, we revise details of the two established species in the endemic genus Barynema Banks – B. costatum Banks and B. australicum Mosely – and describe six new congeners: B. paradoxum sp. nov., B. lorien sp. nov., B. lobatum sp. nov., B. dilatum sp. nov., B. dolabratum sp. nov. and B. goomburra sp. nov. For the only other odontocerid genus recorded for Australia, Marilia Müller, we discuss the present status of the three described species – M. bola Mosely, M. aenigmata Neboiss and M. fusca Kimmins – and outline our efforts and those of others to resolve problems of species delimitation based on morphology. We select a new replacement name for Marilia fusca and provide brief notes on the larvae of both genera.
DOI: 10.15468/wh93mp
title: Contributions to the Zerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) fauna of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, Türkiye

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Urhan, Raşit, Karaca, Mehmet (2023): Contributions to the Zerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) fauna of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, Türkiye. Acarological Studies 5 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.47121/acarolstud.1226687, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.1226687ABSTRACT: The mite fauna of the genus Zercon (Acari: Zerconidae) of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, in western Türkiye was investigated and nine species were reported herein. Among them, Z. dilekensis sp. nov., was described and illustrated as a new species for science. A key to Zercon species found in the study area was provided. Additionally, the altitude and habitat preferences of the specimens were also given.
DOI: 10.15468/3yx22p
title: Kernegaster gen. nov. (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae, Pachycorinae) and six new species based on genital and polychromatic synapomorphies

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Schmitz, Luís Ricardo, Barcellos, Aline, Eger, Joseph, Bianchi, Filipe Michels (2025): Kernegaster gen. nov. (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae, Pachycorinae) and six new species based on genital and polychromatic synapomorphies. Zoologischer Anzeiger 316: 97-123, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.03.005, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2025.03.005
DOI: 10.15468/322wkj
title: Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov.

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6AbstractDeep-sea anemones (order Actiniaria) are a diverse group of cnidarians found in basically all marine habitats, from soft sediments to hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. From the waters of Brazil, in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, the deep actinian fauna has been described to encompass 14 sea anemones species, belonging to three families: Hormathiidae, Amphianthidae and Actinoscyphiidae. Here we analyze material trawled from the Potiguar Basin, off the northeast coast of Brazil. We provide new occurrence records for Chondrophellia coronata (Verrill, 1883), Actinoscyphia saginata (Verrill, 1882), Amphianthus bathybium Hertwig, 1882, and Amphianthus michaelsarsi Carlgren, 1934. We also describe a new Amphianthidae species, Stephanauge prima sp. nov. This increases the total number of deep actinians found in Brazil to 17 and provides context for discussing the representativeness of these families and the potential richness of Actiniaria in deep Brazilian waters.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ctjajb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "ScientificName is Papilio alexanor",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1970",
 "Country is one of (Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066329-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/36p4qv
title: New species and new records of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from South Africa

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Gustafsson, Daniel R., Grossi, Alexandra A., Halajian, Ali, Engelbrecht, Derek (2024): New species and new records of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from South Africa. Zootaxa 5446 (1): 88-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.5AbstractThree species of the genus Brueelia Kéler, 1936 are reported from South Africa for the first time: Brueelia cyclothorax (Burmeister, 1838) ex Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Brueelia queleae Sychra & Barlev [in Sychra et al.], 2010a ex Quelea quelea lathami (Smith, 1836), and Brueelia coryliventer Gustafsson & Bush, 2015, ex Creatophora cinerea (Meuschen, 1787). In addition, two new species of Brueelia are described from South African ploceids: Brueelia oschadlei n. sp. ex Ploceus capensis (Linnaeus, 1766), and Brueelia inusta n. sp. ex Ploceus velatus tahatali Smith, 1836. Also, we discuss the “African pied Brueelia ” species-group—to which the two new species belong—in particular the variation in pigmentation patterns on the subgenital plates of both sexes.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yt4bpj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 100320 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Spain",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aegypius monachus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 100320 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066321-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/h3k2qk
title: New genera and new species of remarkably large-sized or uniquely-shaped mirine plant bugs from Taiwan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yamada, Kazutaka, Tsai, Jing-Fu (2023): New genera and new species of remarkably large-sized or uniquely-shaped mirine plant bugs from Taiwan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae). Zootaxa 5278 (2): 264-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.3AbstractNew taxa are proposed and described for several large-sized or uniquely-shaped mirine plant bugs from Taiwan or the northeastern Oriental Region. Two new genera, Rhopalimiris n. gen. and Taiwanocapsus n. gen. are described to accommodate three new species, Rhopalimiris amplissimus n. sp., R. gagai n. sp. and Taiwanocapsus luteocordatus n. sp., which are diagnosed and described. In addition, new species of Eocalocoris Miyamoto & Yasunaga and Eurystylus Stål, namely Eo. gotohi n. sp. and Eu. yixuanae n. sp., are also described. An updated checklist of the Taiwanese Mirini is also provided.
DOI: 10.15468/nvaek7
title: Morphological and phylogenetic characterisations reveal nine new species of Chrysosporium (Onygenaceae, Onygenales) in China

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Han, Yan-Feng, Ge, Wei, Zhang, Zhi-Yuan, Liang, Jian-Dong, Chen, Wan-Hao, Huang, Jian- Zhong, Liang, Zong-Qi (2022): Morphological and phylogenetic characterisations reveal nine new species of Chrysosporium (Onygenaceae, Onygenales) in China. Phytotaxa 539 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.1AbstractTwenty-three strains of Chrysosporium were isolated from soil samples in different provinces of China. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequence data showed that these strains comprised nine new species and four already known species. The new species could be also distinguished from related species by their morphology. The results of phylogenetic and morphological analyses confirmed the nine new species of Chrysosporium. Descriptions and illustrations of these new species are provided.