cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263957
title: Extrusion vs. duplexing models of Himalayan mountain building 3: duplexing dominates from the Oligocene to Present

description: The Himalaya is a natural laboratory for studying mountain-building processes. Concepts of extrusion and duplexing have been proposed to dominate most phases of Himalayan evolution. Here, we examine the importance of these mechanisms for the evolution of the Himalayan crystalline core via an integrated investigation across the northern Kathmandu Nappe. Results reveal that a primarily top-to-the-north shear zone, the Galchi shear zone, occurs structurally above and intersects at depth with the Main Central thrust (MCT) along the northern flank of the synformal Kathmandu Nappe. Quartz <i>c</i>-axis fabrics confirm top-to-the-north shearing in the Galchi shear zone and yield a right-way-up deformation temperature field gradient. U-Pb zircon dating of pre-to-syn- and post-kinematic leucogranites demonstrates that the Galchi shear zone was active between 23.1 and 18.8 Ma and ceased activity before 18.8–13.8 Ma. The Galchi shear zone is correlated to the South Tibet detachment (STD) via consistent structural fabrics, lithologies, metamorphism, and timing for four transects across the northern margin of the Kathmandu Nappe. These findings are synthesized with literature results to demonstrate (1) the broad horizontality of the STD during motion and (2) the presence of the MCT-STD branch line along the Himalayan arc. The branch line indicates that the crystalline core was emplaced at depth via tectonic wedging and/or channel tunnelling-type deformation. We proceed to consider implications for the internal development of the crystalline core, particularly in the light of discovered tectonic discontinuities therein. We demonstrate the possibility that the entire crystalline core may have been developed via duplexing without significant channel tunnelling, thereby providing a new end-member model. This concept is represented in a reconstruction showing Himalayan mountain-building via duplexing from the Oligocene to Present.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263957.v1
title: Extrusion vs. duplexing models of Himalayan mountain building 3: duplexing dominates from the Oligocene to Present

description: The Himalaya is a natural laboratory for studying mountain-building processes. Concepts of extrusion and duplexing have been proposed to dominate most phases of Himalayan evolution. Here, we examine the importance of these mechanisms for the evolution of the Himalayan crystalline core via an integrated investigation across the northern Kathmandu Nappe. Results reveal that a primarily top-to-the-north shear zone, the Galchi shear zone, occurs structurally above and intersects at depth with the Main Central thrust (MCT) along the northern flank of the synformal Kathmandu Nappe. Quartz <i>c</i>-axis fabrics confirm top-to-the-north shearing in the Galchi shear zone and yield a right-way-up deformation temperature field gradient. U-Pb zircon dating of pre-to-syn- and post-kinematic leucogranites demonstrates that the Galchi shear zone was active between 23.1 and 18.8 Ma and ceased activity before 18.8–13.8 Ma. The Galchi shear zone is correlated to the South Tibet detachment (STD) via consistent structural fabrics, lithologies, metamorphism, and timing for four transects across the northern margin of the Kathmandu Nappe. These findings are synthesized with literature results to demonstrate (1) the broad horizontality of the STD during motion and (2) the presence of the MCT-STD branch line along the Himalayan arc. The branch line indicates that the crystalline core was emplaced at depth via tectonic wedging and/or channel tunnelling-type deformation. We proceed to consider implications for the internal development of the crystalline core, particularly in the light of discovered tectonic discontinuities therein. We demonstrate the possibility that the entire crystalline core may have been developed via duplexing without significant channel tunnelling, thereby providing a new end-member model. This concept is represented in a reconstruction showing Himalayan mountain-building via duplexing from the Oligocene to Present.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263957.v3
title: Extrusion vs. duplexing models of Himalayan mountain building 3: duplexing dominates from the Oligocene to Present

description: The Himalaya is a natural laboratory for studying mountain-building processes. Concepts of extrusion and duplexing have been proposed to dominate most phases of Himalayan evolution. Here, we examine the importance of these mechanisms for the evolution of the Himalayan crystalline core via an integrated investigation across the northern Kathmandu Nappe. Results reveal that a primarily top-to-the-north shear zone, the Galchi shear zone, occurs structurally above and intersects at depth with the Main Central thrust (MCT) along the northern flank of the synformal Kathmandu Nappe. Quartz <i>c</i>-axis fabrics confirm top-to-the-north shearing in the Galchi shear zone and yield a right-way-up deformation temperature field gradient. U-Pb zircon dating of pre-to-syn- and post-kinematic leucogranites demonstrates that the Galchi shear zone was active between 23.1 and 18.8 Ma and ceased activity before 18.8–13.8 Ma. The Galchi shear zone is correlated to the South Tibet detachment (STD) via consistent structural fabrics, lithologies, metamorphism, and timing for four transects across the northern margin of the Kathmandu Nappe. These findings are synthesized with literature results to demonstrate (1) the broad horizontality of the STD during motion and (2) the presence of the MCT-STD branch line along the Himalayan arc. The branch line indicates that the crystalline core was emplaced at depth via tectonic wedging and/or channel tunnelling-type deformation. We proceed to consider implications for the internal development of the crystalline core, particularly in the light of discovered tectonic discontinuities therein. We demonstrate the possibility that the entire crystalline core may have been developed via duplexing without significant channel tunnelling, thereby providing a new end-member model. This concept is represented in a reconstruction showing Himalayan mountain-building via duplexing from the Oligocene to Present.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263957.v2
title: Extrusion vs. duplexing models of Himalayan mountain building 3: duplexing dominates from the Oligocene to Present

description: The Himalaya is a natural laboratory for studying mountain-building processes. Concepts of extrusion and duplexing have been proposed to dominate most phases of Himalayan evolution. Here, we examine the importance of these mechanisms for the evolution of the Himalayan crystalline core via an integrated investigation across the northern Kathmandu Nappe. Results reveal that a primarily top-to-the-north shear zone, the Galchi shear zone, occurs structurally above and intersects at depth with the Main Central thrust (MCT) along the northern flank of the synformal Kathmandu Nappe. Quartz <i>c</i>-axis fabrics confirm top-to-the-north shearing in the Galchi shear zone and yield a right-way-up deformation temperature field gradient. U-Pb zircon dating of pre-to-syn- and post-kinematic leucogranites demonstrates that the Galchi shear zone was active between 23.1 and 18.8 Ma and ceased activity before 18.8–13.8 Ma. The Galchi shear zone is correlated to the South Tibet detachment (STD) via consistent structural fabrics, lithologies, metamorphism, and timing for four transects across the northern margin of the Kathmandu Nappe. These findings are synthesized with literature results to demonstrate (1) the broad horizontality of the STD during motion and (2) the presence of the MCT-STD branch line along the Himalayan arc. The branch line indicates that the crystalline core was emplaced at depth via tectonic wedging and/or channel tunnelling-type deformation. We proceed to consider implications for the internal development of the crystalline core, particularly in the light of discovered tectonic discontinuities therein. We demonstrate the possibility that the entire crystalline core may have been developed via duplexing without significant channel tunnelling, thereby providing a new end-member model. This concept is represented in a reconstruction showing Himalayan mountain-building via duplexing from the Oligocene to Present.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263938
title: Examining Relationship of Atmospheric CO2 Level and Reforestation

description: When writing this systematic review I tried to narrow down the number of articles. One particular search engine was used and a combination of words was used as topic or title. Through the link provided by York University Library, accessed “Web of Science” on November 05/2014 and searched keywords such as: forestry, management, deforestation, reforestation, carbon dioxide, biodiversity, and biomass. Since the result was a lot of articles, only certain fields such as plant science, ecology, environmental sciences were used to narrow down the number of articles and picked a combination that provided somewhere between 40 – 70 articles which was combination of "reforestation" and "carbon dioxide". The analyzed papers were chosen by their relevance to the question in introduction section and by the number of times they were cited. 11 papers were closely analyzed in this systematic review. The final number of articles was 59 however, when further studied only 51 were relevant to the question. Papers were studied and data were obtained from 51 articles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263937
title: The petrology, geochronology and significance of Granite Harbour Intrusive Complex xenoliths and outcrop sampled in western McMurdo Sound, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

description: Granite Harbour Intrusive Complex xenoliths in McMurdo Volcanic Group rocks and in situ outcrops have been studied from Mount Morning, western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Calc-alkalic samples have whole rock signatures and normative compositions similar to the Dry Valleys 1b suite, and zircon grains in one specimen yield a 545.2 ± 4.4 Ma crystallisation age. This supports subduction-related magmatism initiating in Southern Victoria Land by 545 Ma. A second group of xenoliths is alkalic, with titanite grains in one xenolith from this group dated at 538 ± 8 Ma. Whole rock chemistry, normative compositions and geochronology of the alkalic group are comparable to the Koettlitz Glacier Alkaline Suite (KGAS). The position of a proposed lower crustal discontinuity that may form a significant basement suture in the McMurdo Sound region is newly constrained to the east of Mount Morning, perhaps along the trace of the Discovery Glacier. The boundary between East and West Antarctica may also pass along the trace of the Discovery Glacier if, as previously hypothesised, its location is controlled by the basement suture. A significant basement suture may also have provided the necessary egress for the (regionally) early and sustained magmatic activity observed at Mount Morning over the last 24 million years.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263938.v1
title: Examining Relationship of Atmospheric CO2 Level and Reforestation

description: When writing this systematic review I tried to narrow down the number of articles. One particular search engine was used and a combination of words was used as topic or title. Through the link provided by York University Library, accessed “Web of Science” on November 05/2014 and searched keywords such as: forestry, management, deforestation, reforestation, carbon dioxide, biodiversity, and biomass. Since the result was a lot of articles, only certain fields such as plant science, ecology, environmental sciences were used to narrow down the number of articles and picked a combination that provided somewhere between 40 – 70 articles which was combination of "reforestation" and "carbon dioxide". The analyzed papers were chosen by their relevance to the question in introduction section and by the number of times they were cited. 11 papers were closely analyzed in this systematic review. The final number of articles was 59 however, when further studied only 51 were relevant to the question. Papers were studied and data were obtained from 51 articles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263937.v2
title: The petrology, geochronology and significance of Granite Harbour Intrusive Complex xenoliths and outcrop sampled in western McMurdo Sound, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

description: Granite Harbour Intrusive Complex xenoliths in McMurdo Volcanic Group rocks and in situ outcrops have been studied from Mount Morning, western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Calc-alkalic samples have whole rock signatures and normative compositions similar to the Dry Valleys 1b suite, and zircon grains in one specimen yield a 545.2 ± 4.4 Ma crystallisation age. This supports subduction-related magmatism initiating in Southern Victoria Land by 545 Ma. A second group of xenoliths is alkalic, with titanite grains in one xenolith from this group dated at 538 ± 8 Ma. Whole rock chemistry, normative compositions and geochronology of the alkalic group are comparable to the Koettlitz Glacier Alkaline Suite (KGAS). The position of a proposed lower crustal discontinuity that may form a significant basement suture in the McMurdo Sound region is newly constrained to the east of Mount Morning, perhaps along the trace of the Discovery Glacier. The boundary between East and West Antarctica may also pass along the trace of the Discovery Glacier if, as previously hypothesised, its location is controlled by the basement suture. A significant basement suture may also have provided the necessary egress for the (regionally) early and sustained magmatic activity observed at Mount Morning over the last 24 million years.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263937.v1
title: The petrology, geochronology and significance of Granite Harbour Intrusive Complex xenoliths and outcrop sampled in western McMurdo Sound, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

description: Granite Harbour Intrusive Complex xenoliths in McMurdo Volcanic Group rocks and in situ outcrops have been studied from Mount Morning, western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Calc-alkalic samples have whole rock signatures and normative compositions similar to the Dry Valleys 1b suite, and zircon grains in one specimen yield a 545.2 ± 4.4 Ma crystallisation age. This supports subduction-related magmatism initiating in Southern Victoria Land by 545 Ma. A second group of xenoliths is alkalic, with titanite grains in one xenolith from this group dated at 538 ± 8 Ma. Whole rock chemistry, normative compositions and geochronology of the alkalic group are comparable to the Koettlitz Glacier Alkaline Suite (KGAS). The position of a proposed lower crustal discontinuity that may form a significant basement suture in the McMurdo Sound region is newly constrained to the east of Mount Morning, perhaps along the trace of the Discovery Glacier. The boundary between East and West Antarctica may also pass along the trace of the Discovery Glacier if, as previously hypothesised, its location is controlled by the basement suture. A significant basement suture may also have provided the necessary egress for the (regionally) early and sustained magmatic activity observed at Mount Morning over the last 24 million years.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263932.v2
title: Testing ecological theories with sequence similarity networks: marine ciliates exhibit similar geographic dispersal patterns as multicellular organisms (file : V4dataset.fna)

description: file : V4dataset.fna Testing ecological theories with sequence similarity networks: marine ciliates exhibit similar geographic dispersal patterns as multicellular organisms (file : readme_Forster_et_al_BMC) http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1264013 Background: High-throughput sequencing technologies are lifting major limitations to molecular-based ecological studies of eukaryotic microbial diversity, but in silico analyses of the resulting millions of short amplicons remain a major bottleneck for these approaches. Here, we introduced the analytical and statistical framework of sequence similarity networks, increasingly used in evolutionary studies and graph theory, into the field of ecology to analyze novel pyrosequenced V4 SSU-rDNA sequence data sets in the context of previous studies, including SSU-rDNA Sanger sequence data from cultured ciliates and from previous environmental diversity inventories.<br>Results: Our broadly applicable protocol quantified progress in the description of genetic diversity of ciliates by environmental rRNA amplicons studies, detected a fundamental historical bias, the tendency to recover already known groups, in these surveys, and revealed substantial amounts of hidden microbial diversity. Moreover, network measures demonstrated that ciliates are not globally dispersed, but present strong local patterns at intermediate geographical scale, as observed for bacteria, plants, and animals.<br>Conclusions: Although currently available ‘universal’ primers used for local in-depth sequencing surveys provide little hope to exhaust the significantly higher ciliate (and most likely microbial) diversity than previously thought, sequence similarity networks, since they identify groups of divergence sequences sharing distinctive similarities, offer a promising way to guide the design of novel primers and to further explore such a vast and structured microbial diversity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263932.v1
title: V4dataset.fna

description: Background: High-throughput sequencing technologies are lifting major limitations to molecular-based ecological studies of eukaryotic microbial diversity, but in silico analyses of the resulting millions of short amplicons remain a major bottleneck for these approaches. Here, we introduced the analytical and statistical framework of sequence similarity networks, increasingly used in evolutionary studies and graph theory, into the field of ecology to analyze novel pyrosequenced V4 SSU-rDNA sequence data sets in the context of previous studies, including SSU-rDNA Sanger sequence data from cultured ciliates and from previous environmental diversity inventories.<br>Results: Our broadly applicable protocol quantified progress in the description of genetic diversity of ciliates by environmental rRNA amplicons studies, detected a fundamental historical bias, the tendency to recover already known groups, in these surveys, and revealed substantial amounts of hidden microbial diversity. Moreover, network measures demonstrated that ciliates are not globally dispersed, but present strong local patterns at intermediate geographical scale, as observed for bacteria, plants, and animals.<br>Conclusions: Although currently available ‘universal’ primers used for local in-depth sequencing surveys provide little hope to exhaust the significantly higher ciliate (and most likely microbial) diversity than previously thought, sequence similarity networks, since they identify groups of divergence sequences sharing distinctive similarities, offer a promising way to guide the design of novel primers and to further explore such a vast and structured microbial diversity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263924
title: Testing ecological theories with sequence similarity networks: marine ciliates exhibit similar geographic dispersal patterns as multicellular organisms (file : details_V4ciliates_Biomarks.tab)

description: file : details_V4ciliates_Biomarks.tab Testing ecological theories with sequence similarity networks: marine ciliates exhibit similar geographic dispersal patterns as multicellular organisms (file : readme_Forster_et_al_BMC) http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1264013 Background: High-throughput sequencing technologies are lifting major limitations to molecular-based ecological studies of eukaryotic microbial diversity, but in silico analyses of the resulting millions of short amplicons remain a major bottleneck for these approaches. Here, we introduced the analytical and statistical framework of sequence similarity networks, increasingly used in evolutionary studies and graph theory, into the field of ecology to analyze novel pyrosequenced V4 SSU-rDNA sequence data sets in the context of previous studies, including SSU-rDNA Sanger sequence data from cultured ciliates and from previous environmental diversity inventories.<br>Results: Our broadly applicable protocol quantified progress in the description of genetic diversity of ciliates by environmental rRNA amplicons studies, detected a fundamental historical bias, the tendency to recover already known groups, in these surveys, and revealed substantial amounts of hidden microbial diversity. Moreover, network measures demonstrated that ciliates are not globally dispersed, but present strong local patterns at intermediate geographical scale, as observed for bacteria, plants, and animals.<br>Conclusions: Although currently available ‘universal’ primers used for local in-depth sequencing surveys provide little hope to exhaust the significantly higher ciliate (and most likely microbial) diversity than previously thought, sequence similarity networks, since they identify groups of divergence sequences sharing distinctive similarities, offer a promising way to guide the design of novel primers and to further explore such a vast and structured microbial diversity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1263925.v2
title: Testing ecological theories with sequence similarity networks: marine ciliates exhibit similar geographic dispersal patterns as multicellular organisms (file : network_output.tab.zip)

description: file : network_output.tab.zip Testing ecological theories with sequence similarity networks: marine ciliates exhibit similar geographic dispersal patterns as multicellular organisms (file : readme_Forster_et_al_BMC) http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1264013 Background: High-throughput sequencing technologies are lifting major limitations to molecular-based ecological studies of eukaryotic microbial diversity, but in silico analyses of the resulting millions of short amplicons remain a major bottleneck for these approaches. Here, we introduced the analytical and statistical framework of sequence similarity networks, increasingly used in evolutionary studies and graph theory, into the field of ecology to analyze novel pyrosequenced V4 SSU-rDNA sequence data sets in the context of previous studies, including SSU-rDNA Sanger sequence data from cultured ciliates and from previous environmental diversity inventories.<br>Results: Our broadly applicable protocol quantified progress in the description of genetic diversity of ciliates by environmental rRNA amplicons studies, detected a fundamental historical bias, the tendency to recover already known groups, in these surveys, and revealed substantial amounts of hidden microbial diversity. Moreover, network measures demonstrated that ciliates are not globally dispersed, but present strong local patterns at intermediate geographical scale, as observed for bacteria, plants, and animals.<br>Conclusions: Although currently available ‘universal’ primers used for local in-depth sequencing surveys provide little hope to exhaust the significantly higher ciliate (and most likely microbial) diversity than previously thought, sequence similarity networks, since they identify groups of divergence sequences sharing distinctive similarities, offer a promising way to guide the design of novel primers and to further explore such a vast and structured microbial diversity.