DOI: 10.16904/envidat.267
title: Amphibian and urban-rural landscape data Swiss Lowlands

description: The data includes (1) amphibian occurrence data (2017-2019) for ten species across the cantons of Aargau and Zürich gathered from the Coordination Center for the Protection of Amphibians and Reptiles of Switzerland (http://www.karch.ch), (2) amphibian whole-life cycle environmental predictors (i.e. topographic, hydrologic, edaphic, vegetation, land-use derived, movement-ecology related), and (3) local urban "green" and "grey" landcover data which can be used to identify opportunities for Blue-Green Infrastructure (through green or grey transitions) in support of regional landscape connectivity.
description: Resource Title: Amphibian monitoring data 
 Size: 310101 bytes
 Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8197fa13-272f-4ab0-b8fa-061269b079b6/resource/ce42d731-4b85-4da0-b356-35deb8f80607/download/amphibian_presence_2017_2019.csv
 Description: Processed amphibian occurrence data (2017-2019) in the cantons of Aargau and Zürich. The dataset includes information for the following species: _Alytes obstetricans_,_Bombina variegata_, _Bufo bufo_, _Hyla arborea_, _Ichtyosaura alpestris_, _Lissotriton helveticus_, _Lissotriton vulgaris_, _Rana temporaria_, _Salamandra salamandra_, and _Triturus cristatus_.
description: Resource Title: Amphibian breeding sites of national importance - cantons of Aargau and Zürich
 Size: 39808424 bytes
 Format: .asc
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8197fa13-272f-4ab0-b8fa-061269b079b6/resource/fd5b1fe3-bdf9-4095-816a-edaf22178df2/download/breeding_sites_raster_30m.asc
 Description: Amphibian breeding sites of national importance (focal nodes) in the cantons of Aargau and Zürich, 30x30 m resolution, binarised ascii format.
description: Resource Title: Amphibian whole life cycle predictors - 10m resolution
 Size: 734915785 bytes
 Format: application/x-zip-compressed
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8197fa13-272f-4ab0-b8fa-061269b079b6/resource/26ceef50-633c-469b-970d-cd6e453e9500/download/amphibian_predictors_sdms.zip
 Description: Amphibian whole life cycle predictors include 6 variable types:
(1) Topographic – slope [°]: derived from the Swiss Topographical Landscape model (swissTLM 3D 2015) at 2 m resolution (elevation uncertainty ± 0.5m) and, subsequently, aggregated to a median value; 
(2) Hydrologic: two predictors including nearest distance to water [m] (all water-related objects and rasterized lotic, lentic and reedbeds from the regional cadastral maps – AV: Daten der Amtliche Vermessung) and runoff coefficient [C] (between 0 and 1 relating amount of runoff to amount of precipitation, mapped AV: Daten der Amtliche Vermessung data against literature values for different land covers); 
(3) Edaphic – soil moisture variability (not available): can gathered from the spatial modelling of Ecological Indicator Values in Switzerland (Descombes et al., 2020) and resampled from 100m to 10m; 
(4) Vegetation: we calculated the median and standard deviation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from all available cloud free Sentinel-2 pixels available between April and October for the years 2016 to 2019 (Drusch et al., 2012) and the median vegetation height [m] (not available) can gathered from Ginzler and Hobi (2015);
(5) Land-use derived: includes three predictors, grassland density [grassland/cell] (not available) - can be gathered from Pazur et al. (2021), total grasslands area evaluated using a spatial weight matrix and a 250m neighborhood radius around each cell; urbanization [buildings/cell] – average building density for a 250m neighborhood around each cell based on the AV: Daten der Amtliche Vermessung ; and traffic intensity [vehicles/day] – average daily vehicle count (Nationales Personenverkehrsmodells);
(6) Movement-ecology related: includes three predictors of proximity – nearest forest distance [m]; nearest rock-gravel and sandy area (RGS) distance [m] and nearest road distance [m] (considering any road type) – all calculated based on the AV: Daten der Amtliche Vermessung maps.
description: Resource Title: Binarized "green" and "grey" landcover data (Cantons of Aargau and Zürich)
 Size: 531399 bytes
 Format: application/x-zip-compressed
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8197fa13-272f-4ab0-b8fa-061269b079b6/resource/5752ef42-b6cc-4365-bb61-288dfa3d5d95/download/urban_green_grey.zip
 Description: "Green" landcover refers to lawns and vegetated urban surfaces such as, for example private gardens, public parks, cemeteries, green stripes along roadsides, etc. While "grey" landcover refers to impervious grounds such as roads, troittoirs, other impervious. Binarized maps, 30x30m resolution.
description: Resource Title: Amphibian species specific landscape resistance maps. 
 Size: 51864736 bytes
 Format: application/x-zip-compressed
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8197fa13-272f-4ab0-b8fa-061269b079b6/resource/acaac64b-3ebe-4e97-ae24-a35736dfa1d5/download/resistance.zip
 Description: For each amphibian species we used the weighted average Ensemble model suitability map and converted it to a resistance map using an exponential decay function following (Duflot et al., 2018) using the species-specific mpa threshold previously computed (Preau et al., 2020). The function assigns a resistance value of 1,000 when habitat suitability equals zero, and a value of one when habitat suitability is greater than or equal to the binarization threshold. The exponential shape strengthens the barrier effect of less favorable areas.