cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128642
title: Supplementary Material for: Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Risk of Progression and Development of Symptoms

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of progression of stenosis and development of symptoms in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (aCAS) treated with contemporary medical therapy over a prolonged time interval. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study is a retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with moderate or severe aCAS at our institution between 2000 and 2001. Data were gathered from both carotid arteries for each patient excluding vessels operated within 1 year of diagnosis and occlusions. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with ipsilateral transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 214 patients (58.8% men; median age 70 years) and collected data on 349 vessels. Degree of stenosis was severe (&gt;70%) upon diagnosis in 92 (26.4%) vessels. Median length of follow-up was 13 years (interquartile range 10-14), and mean number of time points for follow-up imaging were 8.1 ± 3.9. Progression of stenosis was observed in 237 (67.9%) vessels, and 72 (20.6%) patients developed symptoms ipsilateral to the stenosis (TIA in 14.4%, non-disabling stroke in 4%, disabling stroke in 2.2%). Median time to appearance of first symptom was 6 years (range 1-13). On multivariate analysis, degree of baseline stenosis, intracranial stenosis &gt;50%, plaque ulceration, silent infarction and previous history of TIA/stroke were associated with ipsilateral TIA/stroke, but progression of stenosis was not. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There was a substantial rate of progression of stenosis in patients with aCAS over time despite adequate medical therapy, but progression of stenosis did not increase the risk of ipsilateral TIA/stroke. Over long-term follow-up, 1 in 5 patients with aCAS developed ipsilateral TIA/stroke, though most events were either transient or non-disabling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128645
title: Supplementary Material for: Fluoride Rinses, Gels and Foams: An Update of Controlled Clinical Trials

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this conference paper was to systematically review the quality of evidence and summarize the findings of clinical trials published after 2002 using fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride gels or foams for the prevention of dental caries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Relevant papers were selected after an electronic search for literature published in English between 2003 and 2014. The included papers were assessed for their risk of bias and the results were narratively synthesized due to study heterogeneity. The quality of evidence was expressed according to GRADE. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 19 papers were included (6 on fluoride mouth rinse, 10 on fluoride gel and 3 on fluoride foam); 6 had a low risk of bias while 2 had a moderate risk. All fluoride measures appeared to be beneficial in preventing crown caries and reversing root caries, but the quality of evidence was graded as low for fluoride mouth rinse, moderate for fluoride gel and very low for acidulated fluoride foam. No conclusions could be drawn on the cost-effectiveness. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This review, covering the recent decade, has further substantiated the evidence for a caries-preventive effect of fluoride mouth rinse, fluoride gel and foam, previously established in systematic reviews. The lack of clinical trials free from bias is, however, still a concern, especially for fluoride mouth rinses and fluoride foam. There is also a scientific knowledge gap on the benefit and optimal use of these fluoride supplements in combination with daily tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128648
title: Supplementary Material for: Improved Mortality Prediction in Dialysis Patients Using Specific Clinical and Laboratory Data

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Risk prediction models can be used to inform patients undergoing renal replacement therapy about their survival chances. Easily available predictors such as registry data are most convenient, but their predictive value may be limited. We aimed to improve a simple prediction model based on registry data by incrementally adding sets of clinical and laboratory variables. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Our data set includes 1,835 Dutch patients from the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis. The potential survival predictors were categorized on availability. The first category includes easily available clinical data. The second set includes laboratory values like albumin. The most laborious category contains glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Kt/V. Missing values were substituted using multiple imputation. Within 1,225 patients, we recalibrated the registry model and subsequently added parameter sets using multivariate Cox regression analyses with backward selection. On the other 610 patients, calibration and discrimination (C-index, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index and net reclassification improvement (NRI) index) were assessed for all models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The recalibrated registry model showed adequate calibration and discrimination (C-index = 0.724). Adding easily available parameters resulted in a model with 10 predictors, with similar calibration and improved discrimination (C-index = 0.784). The IDI and NRI indices confirmed this, especially for short-term survival. Adding laboratory values resulted in an alternative model with similar discrimination (C-index = 0.788), and only the NRI index showed minor improvement. Adding GFR and Kt/V as candidate predictors did not result in a different model. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A simple model based on registry data was enhanced by adding easily available clinical parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128654.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Role of Aurora-A in Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Recently, several studies have examined associations between Aurora-A expression and clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer, but yielded conflicting results with respect to survival. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of Aurora-A in ovarian cancer by performing a meta-analysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Chinese BioMed Database (CBM) databases were searched systematically and only articles in which Aurora-A expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results show that the pooled HR for OS was 1.40 (95% CI 0.82-1.98, p &lt; 0.01) by univariate analysis in 7 articles (1,028) and 0.32 (95% CI 0.04-0.615, p = 0.23) by multivariate analysis in 3 studies (155). The association between Aurora-A expression and DFS was also statistically significant in 5 studies (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.50-1.78, p &lt; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This present meta-analysis suggests that the Aurora-A expression may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, studies of larger scale and well-matched regimes are warranted to confirm the findings in the future.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128636
title: Supplementary Material for: The Expression and Cellular Localization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Fallopian Tube Are Altered in Women with Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

description: Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are abundantly expressed at implantation sites in the uterus, suggesting their involvement in the establishment of pregnancy. In this study, we examined the expression and localization of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in fallopian tubes from nonpregnant women, and in those presenting with tubal ectopic pregnancy. There was no significant difference in the expression of either galectin-1 <i>(LGALS1)</i> or galectin-3 <i>(LGALS3)</i> transcripts in the fallopian tube across the menstrual cycle. Their expressions in the fallopian tube were inversely correlated to each other (r = −0.5134, p &lt; 0.0001) and differentially localized. Galectin-1 protein was abundant in the stroma of nonpregnant fallopian tubes, whereas galectin-3 was mainly localized to the epithelium, notably to the cilia of ciliated cells and the apical cytoplasm of secretory cells. In ectopic pregnancies,<i> LGALS3</i> expression was significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.0001), but <i>LGALS1</i> expression did not change when compared to nonpregnant fallopian tubes collected during the mid-secretory phase. The percentage of fallopian tube epithelial cells expressing galectin-3 in cilia tended to be reduced (p = 0.0685), with an accompanying loss of a normal ciliary structure, while nuclear galectin-3 increased (p &lt; 0.05) in ectopic pregnancies. Epithelial immunostaining for galectin-1 tended to be elevated in fallopian tubes from women with ectopic pregnancy. Coculture of human trophoblast origin SW71 cells significantly increased <i>LGALS1</i> expression in human fallopian tube epithelial OE-E6/E7 cells, suggesting that trophoblast-derived products regulate <i>LGALS1</i> expression in the oviductal epithelium. These findings imply a differential contribution of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the homeostasis of human fallopian tubes and in the pathophysiology of ectopic pregnancy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128645.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Fluoride Rinses, Gels and Foams: An Update of Controlled Clinical Trials

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this conference paper was to systematically review the quality of evidence and summarize the findings of clinical trials published after 2002 using fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride gels or foams for the prevention of dental caries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Relevant papers were selected after an electronic search for literature published in English between 2003 and 2014. The included papers were assessed for their risk of bias and the results were narratively synthesized due to study heterogeneity. The quality of evidence was expressed according to GRADE. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 19 papers were included (6 on fluoride mouth rinse, 10 on fluoride gel and 3 on fluoride foam); 6 had a low risk of bias while 2 had a moderate risk. All fluoride measures appeared to be beneficial in preventing crown caries and reversing root caries, but the quality of evidence was graded as low for fluoride mouth rinse, moderate for fluoride gel and very low for acidulated fluoride foam. No conclusions could be drawn on the cost-effectiveness. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This review, covering the recent decade, has further substantiated the evidence for a caries-preventive effect of fluoride mouth rinse, fluoride gel and foam, previously established in systematic reviews. The lack of clinical trials free from bias is, however, still a concern, especially for fluoride mouth rinses and fluoride foam. There is also a scientific knowledge gap on the benefit and optimal use of these fluoride supplements in combination with daily tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128648.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Improved Mortality Prediction in Dialysis Patients Using Specific Clinical and Laboratory Data

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Risk prediction models can be used to inform patients undergoing renal replacement therapy about their survival chances. Easily available predictors such as registry data are most convenient, but their predictive value may be limited. We aimed to improve a simple prediction model based on registry data by incrementally adding sets of clinical and laboratory variables. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Our data set includes 1,835 Dutch patients from the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis. The potential survival predictors were categorized on availability. The first category includes easily available clinical data. The second set includes laboratory values like albumin. The most laborious category contains glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Kt/V. Missing values were substituted using multiple imputation. Within 1,225 patients, we recalibrated the registry model and subsequently added parameter sets using multivariate Cox regression analyses with backward selection. On the other 610 patients, calibration and discrimination (C-index, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index and net reclassification improvement (NRI) index) were assessed for all models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The recalibrated registry model showed adequate calibration and discrimination (C-index = 0.724). Adding easily available parameters resulted in a model with 10 predictors, with similar calibration and improved discrimination (C-index = 0.784). The IDI and NRI indices confirmed this, especially for short-term survival. Adding laboratory values resulted in an alternative model with similar discrimination (C-index = 0.788), and only the NRI index showed minor improvement. Adding GFR and Kt/V as candidate predictors did not result in a different model. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A simple model based on registry data was enhanced by adding easily available clinical parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128639
title: Supplementary Material for: Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals a Unique Distribution of Triglycerides in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmal Wall

description: The pathophysiology underlying abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remains unknown. In this study, we applied imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to analyze the pathophysiology of the aneurysmal wall. Comparisons were performed between the tissue samples from the neck and the sac of the AAA, at a single time point, in 30 patients who underwent elective surgery of their AAAs. The localization of each lipid molecule in the aortic wall was assessed by IMS. Histopathological examination and IMS revealed a characteristic distribution of triglycerides (TGs) specifically in the aneurismal adventitia of the sac. This characteristic TG distribution was derived from an ectopic appearance of adipocytes in the adventitia. Furthermore, ectopic adipocyte accumulation in the aortic wall leads to the loss of the collagen fiber network subsequent to the wall rupture. The underlying mechanism of adipocyte accumulation involves the presence of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the aneurismal adventitia and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2, a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation by some ADSCs. This study reveals new, previously overlooked aspects of AAA pathology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128642.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Risk of Progression and Development of Symptoms

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of progression of stenosis and development of symptoms in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (aCAS) treated with contemporary medical therapy over a prolonged time interval. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study is a retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with moderate or severe aCAS at our institution between 2000 and 2001. Data were gathered from both carotid arteries for each patient excluding vessels operated within 1 year of diagnosis and occlusions. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze factors associated with ipsilateral transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 214 patients (58.8% men; median age 70 years) and collected data on 349 vessels. Degree of stenosis was severe (&gt;70%) upon diagnosis in 92 (26.4%) vessels. Median length of follow-up was 13 years (interquartile range 10-14), and mean number of time points for follow-up imaging were 8.1 ± 3.9. Progression of stenosis was observed in 237 (67.9%) vessels, and 72 (20.6%) patients developed symptoms ipsilateral to the stenosis (TIA in 14.4%, non-disabling stroke in 4%, disabling stroke in 2.2%). Median time to appearance of first symptom was 6 years (range 1-13). On multivariate analysis, degree of baseline stenosis, intracranial stenosis &gt;50%, plaque ulceration, silent infarction and previous history of TIA/stroke were associated with ipsilateral TIA/stroke, but progression of stenosis was not. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There was a substantial rate of progression of stenosis in patients with aCAS over time despite adequate medical therapy, but progression of stenosis did not increase the risk of ipsilateral TIA/stroke. Over long-term follow-up, 1 in 5 patients with aCAS developed ipsilateral TIA/stroke, though most events were either transient or non-disabling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128624
title: Supplementary Material for: External Validation for Acute Kidney Injury Severity Scores: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in 14 Japanese ICUs

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality. Multiple AKI severity scores have been derived to predict patient outcome. We externally validated new AKI severity scores using the Japanese Society for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) database. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> New AKI severity scores published in the 21st century (Mehta, Stuivenberg Hospital Acute Renal Failure (SHARF) II, Program to Improve Care in Acute Renal Disease (PICARD), Vellore and Demirjian), Liano, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and lactate were compared using the JSEPTIC database that collected retrospectively 343 patients with AKI who required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in 14 intensive care units. Accuracy of the severity scores was assessed by the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC, discrimination) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L test, calibration). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median age was 69 years and 65.8% were male. The median SAPS II score was 53 and the hospital mortality was 58.6%. The AUROC curves revealed low discrimination ability of the new AKI severity scores (Mehta 0.65, SHARF II 0.64, PICARD 0.64, Vellore 0.64, Demirjian 0.69), similar to Liano 0.67, SAPS II 0.67 and lactate 0.64. The H-L test also demonstrated that all assessed scores except for Liano had significantly low calibration ability. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Using a multicenter database of AKI patients requiring CRRT, this study externally validated new AKI severity scores. While the Demirjian's score and Liano's score showed a better performance, further research will be required to confirm these findings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128627
title: Supplementary Material for: Surgical Videos with Synchronised Vertical 2-Split Screens Recording the Surgeons' Hand Movement

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To improve the state-of-the-art teaching system by creating surgical videos with synchronised vertical 2-split screens. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An ultra-compact, wide-angle point-of-view camcorder (HX-A1, Panasonic) was mounted on the surgical microscope focusing mostly on the surgeons' hand movements. In combination with the regular surgical videos obtained from the CCD camera in the surgical microscope, synchronised vertical 2-split-screen surgical videos were generated with the video-editing software. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using synchronised vertical 2-split-screen videos, residents of the ophthalmology department could watch and learn how assistant surgeons controlled the eyeball, while the main surgeons performed scleral buckling surgery. In vitrectomy, the synchronised vertical 2-split-screen videos showed the surgeons' hands holding the instruments and moving roughly and boldly, in contrast to the very delicate movements of the vitrectomy instruments inside the eye. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Synchronised vertical 2-split-screen surgical videos are beneficial for the education of young surgical trainees when learning surgical skills including the surgeons' hand movements.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128633
title: Supplementary Material for: Isolated Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Dissection as a Cause of Ischemic Stroke: Clinical Features and Prognosis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence, clinical and radiological features and outcomes of isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) dissection in isolated PICA territory infarctions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively reviewed consecutive inpatients with ischemic stroke secondary to isolated PICA dissection from our stroke database between January 2004 and December 2013 and reviewed the literature with regard to those patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 167 consecutive patients with an isolated PICA territory infarction, a total of 10 patients (6.0%, 3 women, 48.1 ± 7.1 years) were diagnosed as having an isolated PICA dissection. Patients with PICA dissection were younger (p &lt; 0.001), more commonly experienced headache at onset (p = 0.008), less commonly had hyperlipidemia (p = 0.044) and showed a lower modified Rankin Scale score at discharge (p = 0.002) when compared with patients without arterial dissection. In 6 of these 10 patients, PICA dissections had not been suspected on initial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and were confirmed by follow-up MRA or digital subtraction angiography. In the follow-up period (median 1.5 years, interquartile range 0.5-6.3 years), there were no recurrent ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke events. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Isolated PICA dissection as an etiological mechanism in isolated PICA territory infarctions may be more common than was previously recognized to be. The diagnosis of PICA dissection is often difficult and requires close and repeated morphological evaluation. We should carefully identify PICA dissections as a possible cause of PICA territory infarctions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128636.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Expression and Cellular Localization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Fallopian Tube Are Altered in Women with Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

description: Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are abundantly expressed at implantation sites in the uterus, suggesting their involvement in the establishment of pregnancy. In this study, we examined the expression and localization of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in fallopian tubes from nonpregnant women, and in those presenting with tubal ectopic pregnancy. There was no significant difference in the expression of either galectin-1 <i>(LGALS1)</i> or galectin-3 <i>(LGALS3)</i> transcripts in the fallopian tube across the menstrual cycle. Their expressions in the fallopian tube were inversely correlated to each other (r = −0.5134, p &lt; 0.0001) and differentially localized. Galectin-1 protein was abundant in the stroma of nonpregnant fallopian tubes, whereas galectin-3 was mainly localized to the epithelium, notably to the cilia of ciliated cells and the apical cytoplasm of secretory cells. In ectopic pregnancies,<i> LGALS3</i> expression was significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.0001), but <i>LGALS1</i> expression did not change when compared to nonpregnant fallopian tubes collected during the mid-secretory phase. The percentage of fallopian tube epithelial cells expressing galectin-3 in cilia tended to be reduced (p = 0.0685), with an accompanying loss of a normal ciliary structure, while nuclear galectin-3 increased (p &lt; 0.05) in ectopic pregnancies. Epithelial immunostaining for galectin-1 tended to be elevated in fallopian tubes from women with ectopic pregnancy. Coculture of human trophoblast origin SW71 cells significantly increased <i>LGALS1</i> expression in human fallopian tube epithelial OE-E6/E7 cells, suggesting that trophoblast-derived products regulate <i>LGALS1</i> expression in the oviductal epithelium. These findings imply a differential contribution of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the homeostasis of human fallopian tubes and in the pathophysiology of ectopic pregnancy.