cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv0s
title: Life history data for: High investment into reproduction is associated with reduced lifespan in dogs

description: Prominent differences in aging among and within species present an
 evolutionary puzzle. The theories proposed to explain evolutionary
 differences in aging are based on the axiom that selection maximizes
 fitness, not necessarily lifespan. This implies trade-offs between
 investment into self-maintenance and investment into reproduction, where
 high investment into growth and current reproduction are associated with
 short lifespans. Fast growth and large adult size are related with shorter
 lifespans in the domestic dog, a bourgeoning model in aging research,
 however, whether reproduction influences lifespan in this system remains
 unknown. Here we test the relationship between reproduction and
 differences in lifespan among dog breeds, controlling simultaneously for
 shared ancestry and recent gene flow. We found that shared ancestry
 explains a higher proportion of the among-breed variation in life history
 traits, in comparison with recent gene flow. Our results also show that
 reproductive investment negatively impacts lifespan, and more strongly so
 in large breeds, an effect that is not merely a correlated response of
 adult size. These results suggest that basic life history trade-offs are
 apparent in a domestic animal whose diversity is the result of artificial
 selection and that among-breed differences in lifespan are due to a
 combination of size and reproduction.
description: Data were collected from published sources (citations of these
 appear in the README file) and from the website of the American Kennel
 Club (AKC). To curate the data, we ran a series of comparisons (Pearson
 correlation analyses) to ensure repeatability among sources (for details,
 see the methods section of the article).
description: This dataset accompanies the
 article "<em>High investment into reproduction is associated
 with reduced lifespan in dogs</em>" published in The American
 Naturalist. R
 Program for Statistical Computing. R Core Team (2021). R: A language and
 environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical
 Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2g23
title: Influence of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)

description: North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis), is the most widespread
 subspecies of leopard and one of the rare and endangered species in China.
 It is currently confined to several isolated natural reserves, and little
 is known about its habitat network connectivity with land use changes.
 This study was conducted to assess the impacts of land use changes on
 landscape connectivity for North China leopards in the Great Taihang
 Region. Circuit theory-based connectivity models and least-cost path
 analyses were used to delineate pathways suitable for species movement,
 and evaluate the impacts of land use changes on landscape connectivity.
 The results revealed that there were 37 least-cost paths in 1990 and 38 in
 2020. The area of forest land increased from 57142.74 km2 to 74836.64 km2,
 with the percentage increasing from 26.61% to 34.85%. In general, the
 increase of forest land area promoted landscape connectivity for North
 China leopards at broad spatial scales. The improvement of landscape
 connectivity was not always consistent with the land use changes, and
 there was a slightly decreasing trend in connectivity in some key movement
 barrier areas with high-intensity of human activities. Improving landscape
 connectivity at broad spatial scales is as important as protecting the
 habitats (natural reserves) where the species lives. Our study can serve
 as an example of exploring the relationships between land use changes and
 landscape connectivity for species conservation at broad spatial scales
 with limited movement pattern data. This information is proved to be
 critical for enhancing landscape connectivity for the conservation
 concerns of North China leopard and planning of natural reserves network.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3xsj3txkf
title: The diversity of mycorrhiza-associated fungi and trees shape subtropical mountain forest ecosystem functioning

description: Aim: Mycorrhiza play key roles in ecosystem structure and functioning in
 forests. However, how different mycorrhizal types influence mountain
 forest biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships is largely
 unknown. We evaluate how the diversity of distinct mycorrhiza-associated
 fungi and trees shape forest carbon storage along elevational gradients.
 Location: Gaoligong Mountains within Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China.
 Taxon: Seed plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Methods: We used the data from
 31 subtropical forest plots along elevational gradients on two aspects
 (east and west) of the mountain. We quantified species richness of trees
 and symbiotic fungi and assigned both to their mycorrhizal type
 (arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), ectomycorrhiza (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhiza
 (ErM)). We then examined the diversity effects of mycorrhiza-associated
 fungi and trees on above-ground carbon stored in trees and organic carbon
 stored in soils. Results: Species richness was highest for AM trees
 (79.5%), followed by ErM trees (13.4%) and then EcM trees (7.1%). Species
 richness of AM-associated trees and fungi decreased with increasing
 elevation, while ErM-associated trees and fungi showed an opposite trend.
 EcM-associated diversity followed a hump-shaped relationship with
 elevation. Positive relationships between diversity and above-ground
 carbon were detected in all three mycorrhizal associations, but despite
 low species number, canopy-dominating EcM trees comprised 64.4% of the
 amount of above-ground carbon. Furthermore, community-weighted means of
 height exhibited positive correlations with forest above-ground carbon,
 indicating that positive selection effects occur. Soil organic carbon was
 positively related to EcM-associated fungi diversity, above-ground carbon
 mass and soil nitrogen availability, with the latter having the strongest
 direct effects. Main conclusions: The distributions of forest biodiversity
 and carbon storage can be modulated by distinct mycorrhizal fungi and
 trees. Moreover, future global changes (e.g., climate warming,
 intensifying nitrogen deposition) could alter the mycorrhizal-mediated
 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in mountain forests.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sqv9s4n6s
title: Data for: Hedgerows have contrasting effects on pollinators and natural enemies and limited spillover effects on apple production

description: Agricultural intensification has resulted in a decline in insect
 biodiversity and threatens the provision of valuable ecosystem services.
 Agri-environment schemes (AESs) have been implemented in an effort to
 conserve biodiversity on farmland and increase agricultural
 sustainability, but their effectiveness can vary widely. To better
 determine which factors influence AES effectiveness, the relative roles of
 local habitat features, habitat quality, and landscape context need to be
 further explored. The aim of this study was to determine the most
 important factors influencing field margin AES effectiveness in commercial
 apple orchards, in terms of arthropod biodiversity conservation and
 ecosystem service provision. We surveyed wild bees and aphid natural
 enemies in field margins and apple trees in 20 orchards, ten bordered by
 hedgerow field margins (an AES) and ten with herbaceous field margins (no
 hedgerows present, not an AES). We considered field margin floral
 resources and the cover of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding
 landscape as indicators of local habitat quality and landscape context,
 respectively. We furthermore quantified pollination and pest control as
 measures of ecosystem service delivery and the relationship between
 arthropod communities and apple yield (initial and final fruit set) and
 quality. We found that hedgerow presence strongly predicted both
 pollinator and natural enemy communities and that these relationships were
 more pronounced than those with local habitat quality and landscape
 context. Hedgerows were negatively related to wild bee richness and
 abundance within the orchard, and positively related to natural enemy
 richness and abundance at the field margin but not within the orchard. We
 found no relationships between local and landscape factors and ecosystem
 service delivery, and no relationship between wild bee communities and
 apple yield, suggesting that apple is not pollen limited in our study
 system. There was, however, a negative relationship between natural enemy
 richness and initial fruit set. We conclude that annually cut hedgerows
 can benefit the conservation of natural enemies, but have limited
 arthropod-mediated private benefits for apple production, and likely need
 to be supplemented with additional local habitat resources for the
 conservation of wild bees. Our findings indicate that local habitat
 factors can strongly influence biodiversity regardless of landscape
 context, but that AESs likely need to be designed with separate
 biodiversity and ecosystem service targets, and specific taxonomic groups,
 in mind.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnxc
title: Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community

description: 1. The consequences of community metrics (e.g.,
 co-flowering diversity and floral density) and
 plant traits (e.g., pollinator dependency and
 trait similarity) on pollen limitation may depend on
 pollinator-mediated competitive or facilitative interactions
 among plants in co-flowering communities, which
 could vary with community contexts (i.e.
 different altitude communities) and under human disturbances
 (e.g., livestock grazing). However, the mechanisms to
 alleviate pollen limitation under the different contexts, considering
 pollinator-mediated interactions among neighbor plants are unclear.
 2. We investigated pollen limitation
 under grazing versus ungrazing
 conditions in low versus high altitude alpine
 meadows on the Tibetan Plateau to
 uncover the underlying mechanisms mediating pollen
 limitation associated with livestock grazing. 3. Pollen
 limitation is prevalent in alpine grasslands, irrespective of community
 contexts. Grazing exclusion decreased pollen limitation in the two sites
 but in different ways. In the high-altitude site, pollen
 limitation was reduced by the exclusion of grazers through
 increased trait similarity (suggesting
 facilitation). While pollen limitation was reduced by
 decreased trait similarity (suggesting competition
 avoidance) under grazing exclusion
 in the low-altitude site. 4. Synthesis and
 Applications: This study suggests that flower
 trait distribution patterns (i.e. trait similarity) influence pollen
 limitation through reducing competition
 in the low-altitude site or enhancing facilitation
 in the high-altitude site under grazing
 exclusion in alpine grasslands. Our results
 provide a mechanistic understanding of pollen
 limitation in co-flowering alpine
 grassland communities under distinct human
 disturbances at different altitudes, emphasizing the
 role of pollinator-mediated interactions among plants on plant
 reproductive success.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3qn
title: The impacts of tropical agriculture on biodiversity: A meta-analysis

description: 1.   Biodiversity underpins all food production and strengthens
 agricultural resilience to crop failure. However, agricultural expansion
 is the primary driver of biodiversity loss, particularly in the tropics
 where crop production is increasing and intensifying rapidly to meet a
 growing global food demand. It is therefore crucial to ask, how do
 different crops and crop production systems impact biodiversity? 2.
   We first use the FAO database of harvested crop area to explore
 temporal changes in crop area and intensification across the entire
 tropical realm. We show that the harvested area of tropical crops has more
 than doubled since 1961, with ever-increasing intensification. The
 harvested area in 2019 was 7.21 million km2, equivalent to 5.5% of global
 ice-free land area, or 11.5% of land area in the tropics. 3.  
 Second, we conducted a meta-analysis of 194 studies and 1,364 pairwise
 comparisons to assess the impact of tropical agriculture on biodiversity,
 comparing biodiversity values in food crop sites versus natural reference
 habitats. 4.   Our meta-analysis shows that crop type, rotation
 time and level of shading are important determinants of biodiversity
 assemblages. Perennial tropical crops that are grown in shaded plantations
 or agroforests (e.g., banana and coffee) support higher biodiversity,
 while crops cultivated in unshaded and often homogeneous croplands (e.g.,
 maize, sugarcane, and oil palm), and particularly annual crops, have
 impoverished biodiversity communities. 5.   Policy implications:
 Our findings highlight the increasing agricultural expansion and
 intensification over the last sixty years and inform our understanding of
 how different crops and crop production systems impact biodiversity.
 Furthermore, they provide insight into the long-term sustainability of
 tropical food production and may serve as a warning sign for agricultural
 systems that rely on the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity.
description: A Rapid Evidence Assessment was conducted to search for relevant
 literature. From this literature search, data were extracted from tables,
 figures and the text of relevant papers. These data included the mean
 biodiversity value in both agricultural and natural reference sites,
 measures of variance, sample size, and details from the papers.
description: Microsoft Excel
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.98sf7m0n0
title: Data from: Estimating global biodiversity: the role of cryptic insect species

description: How many species are there on Earth and to what groups do these species
 belong? These fundamental questions span systematics, ecology, and
 evolutionary biology. Yet, recent estimates of overall global biodiversity
 have ranged wildly, from the low millions to the trillions. Insects are a
 pivotal group for these estimates. Insects make up roughly half of
 currently described extant species (across all groups), with ~1 million
 described species. Insect diversity is also crucial because many other
 taxa have species that may be unique to each insect host species,
 including bacteria, apicomplexan protists, microsporidian fungi,
 nematodes, and mites. Several projections of total insect diversity
 (described and undescribed) have converged on ~6 million species. However,
 these projections have not incorporated the morphologically cryptic
 species revealed by molecular data. Here, we estimate the extent of
 cryptic insect diversity. We perform a systematic review of studies that
 used explicit species-delimitation methods with multi-locus data. We
 estimate that each morphology-based insect species contains (on average)
 3.1 cryptic species. We then use these estimates to project the overall
 number of species on Earth and their distribution among major groups. Our
 estimates suggest that overall global biodiversity may range from 563
 million to 2.2 billion species.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hkea84
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Englerodendron mengei",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003276-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25349/d9mk81
title: Dimethylxanthine REMPI Measurements for Maya Pottery Extracts

description: Raw data of measurements on pottery extracts by resonance-enhanced
 multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy at dual wavelengths, resonant
 for two methylxanthine derivatives, trimethylxanthine at 281.1 nm and
 dimethylxanthine at 281.5 nm.
description: Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy of
 a series of individual Maya pottery sample extracts from a settlement in
 El Pilar. The laser wavelengths were chosen to detect
 biomarkers for cacao.
description: Refer to the README.txt file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8kprr4xrk
title: Data for: Inhibition is a prevalent mode of activity in the neocortex around awake hippocampal ripples in mice

description: Coordinated peri-ripple activity in the hippocampal-neocortical network is
 essential for mnemonic information processing in the brain. Hippocampal
 ripples likely serve different functions in sleep and awake states. Thus,
 the corresponding neocortical activity patterns may differ in important
 ways. We addressed this possibility by conducting voltage and glutamate
 wide-field imaging of the neocortex with concurrent hippocampal
 electrophysiology in awake mice. Contrary to our previously published
 sleep results, deactivation and activation were dominant in post-ripple
 neocortical voltage and glutamate activity, respectively, especially in
 the agranular retrosplenial cortex (aRSC). Additionally, the spiking
 activity of aRSC neurons, estimated by two-photon calcium imaging,
 revealed the existence of two subpopulations of excitatory neurons with
 opposite peri-ripple modulation patterns: one increases and the other
 decreases firing rate. These differences in peri-ripple spatiotemporal
 patterns of neocortical activity in sleep versus awake states might
 underlie the reported differences in the function of sleep versus awake
 ripples.
description: This dataset could be opened in MATLAB.  The
 VSFP and iGluSnFR datasets are organized in matrices whose dimensions
 correspond to ripple by time (1 second before and after ripple
 centers). The calcium and deconvolved traces in 2P
 calcium dataset are organized in neuron by time (3 seconds before and
 after ripple centers) by ripples format.  For the VSFP
 datasets, the imaging and electrophysiology sampling rates are 100 and
 2000 Hz, respectively.  For the iGluSnFR dataset, the
 imaging and electrophysiology sampling rates are 100 and 1000 Hz,
 respectively.  For the 2P calcium dataset, the imaging
 and electrophysiology sampling rates are reported inside the
 dataset's file.  For ROI names, please refer to
 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.51972.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbzs
title: Performance analysis & optimization of inverted inorganic CsGeI3 perovskite cells with carbon/copper charge transport materials using SCAPS‑1D

description: Hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSC) have achieved efficiencies (PCE) of
 more than 25%. However, the organic compound is causing structural
 degradation due to heat and moisture. This has led to the exploration of
 inorganic perovskites. Inorganic-PSC such as cesium has seen a
 breakthrough by achieving highly stable PSC with PCE exceeding 15%. In
 this work, the inorganic non-toxic PSC of cesium germanium tri-iodide
 (CsGeI3) is numerically modeled in SCAPS-1D with two carbon-based and two
 copper-based charge transport layers(CTL). This study introduces in-depth
 modelling and analysis of CsGeI3 through continuity and Poisson equations.
 Cu-CTL are selected to increase the electric conductivity of the cell,
 while carbon-CTL is used to increase the thermal conductivity. Four
 structures are designed and presented. A systematic approach is adopted to
 obtain the optimized design parameters for maximum performance. From the
 results it is observed that the C60/CsGeI3/CuSCN structure has the highest
 performance, with open-circuit voltage of 1.0169V, short-circuit current
 of 19.653 mA/Cm2, fill factor of 88.13% and PCE of 17.61%. Moreover, the
 effect of quantum efficiency, electric field, interface recombination,
 interface defects, layer thickness, defect density, doping concentration,
 working temperature and reflection coating on the cell performance are
 studied in detail.
description: The different material layers were first numerically modelled
 individually in SCAPS-1D software. The layers included 1 Perovskite
 absorber layer (CsGeI<sub>3</sub>), 2 hole transport layers
 (CuSCN & CuSbS<sub>2</sub>) 2 electron transport
 layers (PCBM & C<sub>60</sub>). From the combination
 of the different layers, four perovskite solar cell structures were
 modelled. The defect density was modelled inside each layer and interface
 defects were modelled between the layers. The IV characteristics, energy
 band alignment, quantum efficiency, electric field and recombination were
 calculated through continuity and Poisson equations (SCAPS). The standard
 test condition (STC) was used to collect data from each structure. After
 that, the effect of layer thickness and doping concentration on the
 cells' performance was analysed by varying the thickness and doping
 in each layer with equal increments. The open circuit voltage, short
 circuit current, fill factor and power conversion efficiency were recorded
 for each increment. The optimized value (Saturation point) was identified
 for each parameter. In the end the effect of defect density, interface
 defect and working temperature on the cells' performance (efficieny)
 was checked by increasing each parameter individually.
description: SCAPS-1D software is reduired to open the numerically modelled
 layers. Microsoft Excel is required to open the
 collected data/results.
DOI: 10.25338/b87647
title: Sandy seeds: Armor or invisibility cloak? Mucilage-bound sand physically protects seeds from rodents and invertebrates

description: Seeds represent a stage of a plant’s life cycle that is extremely
 vulnerable to predation, which, unlike most vegetative herbivory, is fatal
 to the individual. As such, understanding the distribution and abundance
 of plants may rely upon understanding seed defenses: characteristics of
 seeds that make them more difficult for granivores to locate, make them
 less beneficial for granivores to consume, or both. Seeds that produce
 mucilage are widespread and found across many families and species.
 Although short-term (single-day) studies indicate that mucilage may be a
 fundamental seed defense found throughout the plant kingdom, it is not
 clear whether mucilage provides long-term benefits to seeds via reducing
 granivory. Moreover, it is not clear whether this long-term defense occurs
 because mucus reduces seed apparency because substrate-coated seeds are
 more difficult to detect, because substrate-coated seeds are of less
 value, or both. In this field experiment, we factorially manipulated sand
 coatings, background sand color, and granivore community using feeding
 depots in order to test the mechanistic basis of mucilage-bound sand as a
 seed defense against diverse granivores. We found that the sand coating
 significantly extended seed survival over the 101-day trial, during which
 rodents were the primary granivores, and our coloration manipulation
 suggests that the effect was almost entirely physical. We found that
 whether or not a seed’s sand coating matched its background did not
 greatly affect seed survival, leaving the crypsis mechanism unsupported. A
 follow-up experiment to test the background-matching hypothesis in more
 detail, using 20 sand colors and two colors of flax seeds again found no
 support for crypsis, corroborating the finding that mucilage-bound sand
 provides a primarily physical defensive benefit. The totality of the
 results from this and previous studies across granivore taxa and plant
 species suggests this highly effective defense may be ubiquitous.