cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22186125.v1
title: Validation and application of an immunochromatographic test to detect four macrolides and two lincosamides in raw cow milk

description: In this study, an immunochromatographic test (using the Charm QUAD2® Test) was used to screen for residual macrolides and lincosamides in raw cow’s milk. The validation parameters (selectivity/specificity, detection capability (CCβ), and ruggedness) were in agreement with the requirements of[EC] 2021. The selectivity of the immunochromatographic test was verified by the negative results of microbiological tests. The false-positive rate was 0%. The CCβ values of the immunochromatographic test for various antibiotics in milk were as follows: erythromycin 0.02 mg/kg, spiramycin 0.1 mg/kg, tilmicosin 0.025 mg/kg, tylosin 0.05 mg/kg, lincomycin 0.15 mg/kg, and pirlimycin 0.15 mg/kg. The determined CCβ values were lower than the respective maximum residue limits (MRLs; regulatory limits in Japan) for milk, except for lincomycin (equal to the MRL). The presence of antibiotic groups other than macrolides and lincosamides did not interfere with the specificity of the test. It showed no significant difference in lot-to-lot repeatability. The results obtained by the two researchers showed no significant differences. Finally, the test was applied to milk samples obtained from a tylosin-treated cow. The outcome was positive and in agreement with the results of the chemical analytical and microbiological methods. Therefore, this validated immunochromatographic test is expected to be suitable for routine analysis to ensure milk safety.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22274704
title: Identifying the origin of acrylamide in Peruvian panela production to inform strategies for its reduction

description: Maximum levels of acrylamide have been set by the European Commission (EU) 2017/2158 for several food products due to its carcinogenic properties. Although not regulated yet, European buyers are requesting maximum levels of 0.8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in artisanal panela (raw cane sugar) from northern Peru. Panela in this area is produced by 600 small holder farmers and exportation guarantees a respectable price in an area with a high index of poverty. The objective here was to determine the cause of high acrylamide concentrations in panela to inform cost effective minimisation strategies. We monitored panela production from field to final product to understand the scale of the problem, identify the cause of acrylamide formation, as well as the effect of storage on its concentration. We also determined the utility of rapid kits for asparagine quantification. Our results indicate that high acrylamide levels are a widespread problem (85% of samples analysed) and there was a correlation between acrylamide and asparagine of R<sup>2</sup> = 0.58 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but not with any post-harvest processing variable. We estimate that with a concentration of asparagine of &lt;0.1 g l<sup>−1</sup> in sugarcane juice, the threshold set by buyers for acrylamide can be met. Potential solutions to reduce asparagine include varietal selection, improved agronomic practices and the use of asparaginase during panela production. However, any proposed measure should be applicable in the context of the rural Peru. Additionally, we confirm the utility of rapid and low-cost kits for measuring asparagine. This pioneering study provides a baseline for effective management for acrylamide minimization in panela.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22274704.v1
title: Identifying the origin of acrylamide in Peruvian panela production to inform strategies for its reduction

description: Maximum levels of acrylamide have been set by the European Commission (EU) 2017/2158 for several food products due to its carcinogenic properties. Although not regulated yet, European buyers are requesting maximum levels of 0.8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in artisanal panela (raw cane sugar) from northern Peru. Panela in this area is produced by 600 small holder farmers and exportation guarantees a respectable price in an area with a high index of poverty. The objective here was to determine the cause of high acrylamide concentrations in panela to inform cost effective minimisation strategies. We monitored panela production from field to final product to understand the scale of the problem, identify the cause of acrylamide formation, as well as the effect of storage on its concentration. We also determined the utility of rapid kits for asparagine quantification. Our results indicate that high acrylamide levels are a widespread problem (85% of samples analysed) and there was a correlation between acrylamide and asparagine of R<sup>2</sup> = 0.58 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but not with any post-harvest processing variable. We estimate that with a concentration of asparagine of &lt;0.1 g l<sup>−1</sup> in sugarcane juice, the threshold set by buyers for acrylamide can be met. Potential solutions to reduce asparagine include varietal selection, improved agronomic practices and the use of asparaginase during panela production. However, any proposed measure should be applicable in the context of the rural Peru. Additionally, we confirm the utility of rapid and low-cost kits for measuring asparagine. This pioneering study provides a baseline for effective management for acrylamide minimization in panela.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22246251.v1
title: Simultaneous determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines and N-nitrosamines in fried bacon cubes and slices using LC-(ESI/APCI)-MS/MS

description: Bacon manufacturing involves several processing steps including nitrite curing, followed by cooking processes, typically frying. During these processes, harmful processing contaminants such as N-nitrosamines (NAs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) can be formed. Consequently, we developed and validated a multi-class method for quantification of the most frequently reported HAAs and NAs in fried bacon. Satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility with limits of quantification between 0.1 and 0.5 ng g<sup>−1</sup> for most of the compounds were achieved. Quantification in pan-fried bacon cubes and slices revealed generally low levels of individual HAAs (≤1.5 ng g<sup>−1</sup>), except in ready-to-eat bacon (0.9–2.9 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). Differences in amounts of individual HAAs were observed in cubes and slices, most likely due to meat thickness. Among volatile NAs (VNAs), only N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosopyrolidine (NPYR), and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) were found at generally low concentrations (≤5 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, non-volatile NAs (NVNAs) were present in all tested samples at considerably higher amounts, for example, N-nitroso-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) at 12–77 ng g<sup>−1</sup>. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) were not detected in any samples. Statistical evaluation and principal component analysis revealed some differences among tested samples. Dietary exposure estimation of the Danish population to HAAs and NAs showed the highest exposure in the teenage group (10–17 years).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22246251
title: Simultaneous determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines and N-nitrosamines in fried bacon cubes and slices using LC-(ESI/APCI)-MS/MS

description: Bacon manufacturing involves several processing steps including nitrite curing, followed by cooking processes, typically frying. During these processes, harmful processing contaminants such as N-nitrosamines (NAs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) can be formed. Consequently, we developed and validated a multi-class method for quantification of the most frequently reported HAAs and NAs in fried bacon. Satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility with limits of quantification between 0.1 and 0.5 ng g<sup>−1</sup> for most of the compounds were achieved. Quantification in pan-fried bacon cubes and slices revealed generally low levels of individual HAAs (≤1.5 ng g<sup>−1</sup>), except in ready-to-eat bacon (0.9–2.9 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). Differences in amounts of individual HAAs were observed in cubes and slices, most likely due to meat thickness. Among volatile NAs (VNAs), only N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosopyrolidine (NPYR), and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) were found at generally low concentrations (≤5 ng g<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, non-volatile NAs (NVNAs) were present in all tested samples at considerably higher amounts, for example, N-nitroso-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) at 12–77 ng g<sup>−1</sup>. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) were not detected in any samples. Statistical evaluation and principal component analysis revealed some differences among tested samples. Dietary exposure estimation of the Danish population to HAAs and NAs showed the highest exposure in the teenage group (10–17 years).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22320738
title: Spatiotemporal bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in wild mussels from the Portuguese Atlantic coast

description: This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in wild adult mussels, <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis,</i> collected along the Portuguese Atlantic coast between 2009 and 2020. The work is part of a national environmental monitoring program. The purpose was to evaluate the dioxins’ temporal trends, the human and ecological risks, and the correlation between mussels’ location and the main pollutant sources in Portugal. The levels and congener patterns of the most toxicity-relevant 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs were determined, with the dl-PCBs dominant. The sum of Σ<sub>17</sub>PCDD/Fs and Σ<sub>12</sub>dl-PCBs values ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 ng WHO-TEQ kg<sup>−1</sup>, (wet weight basis), below the limits established by the European Commission for contamination in fish and fishery products (6.5 ng per kg<sup>−1</sup>). The study included five years – 2009, 2010, 2016, 2018 and 2020 –, allowing to verify the impact of European Directive 2013/39/UE against the pollution of water in Portugal; it was observed that dioxin levels in mussels diminished over the time. Statistical analysis allowed verification of different spatial trends of dl-PCB profiles along the Portuguese Atlantic coast. The mono-ortho dl-PCB pentachlorinated congener IUPAC #118 prevailed in 2009 and 2018 in all sampling sites, and it was predominant in 2010, 2016 and 2020, followed by the congeners IUPAC #105, #156 and #167. The IUPAC #167, #169 and #123 were the most abundant hexachlorinated congeners, and the IUPAC #77 the most abundant tetrachlorinated congener. This work emphasises the importance of monitoring dioxins and mapping the congeners in Atlantic coastal ecosystems, to contribute to their elimination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22320738.v1
title: Spatiotemporal bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in wild mussels from the Portuguese Atlantic coast

description: This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in wild adult mussels, <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis,</i> collected along the Portuguese Atlantic coast between 2009 and 2020. The work is part of a national environmental monitoring program. The purpose was to evaluate the dioxins’ temporal trends, the human and ecological risks, and the correlation between mussels’ location and the main pollutant sources in Portugal. The levels and congener patterns of the most toxicity-relevant 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs were determined, with the dl-PCBs dominant. The sum of Σ<sub>17</sub>PCDD/Fs and Σ<sub>12</sub>dl-PCBs values ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 ng WHO-TEQ kg<sup>−1</sup>, (wet weight basis), below the limits established by the European Commission for contamination in fish and fishery products (6.5 ng per kg<sup>−1</sup>). The study included five years – 2009, 2010, 2016, 2018 and 2020 –, allowing to verify the impact of European Directive 2013/39/UE against the pollution of water in Portugal; it was observed that dioxin levels in mussels diminished over the time. Statistical analysis allowed verification of different spatial trends of dl-PCB profiles along the Portuguese Atlantic coast. The mono-ortho dl-PCB pentachlorinated congener IUPAC #118 prevailed in 2009 and 2018 in all sampling sites, and it was predominant in 2010, 2016 and 2020, followed by the congeners IUPAC #105, #156 and #167. The IUPAC #167, #169 and #123 were the most abundant hexachlorinated congeners, and the IUPAC #77 the most abundant tetrachlorinated congener. This work emphasises the importance of monitoring dioxins and mapping the congeners in Atlantic coastal ecosystems, to contribute to their elimination.
DOI: 10.3886/e178041v1
title: Data and Code for: National and global impacts of genetically modified crops

description: We estimate the impact of GM crops on countrywide yields, harvested area, and trade using a triple-differences roll-out design that exploits variation in the availability of GM seeds across crops, countries, and time. We find positive impacts on yields, especially in poor countries. Our estimates imply that without GM crops, the world would have needed 3.4 percent additional cropland to keep global agricultural output at its 2019 level. We also find that bans on GM cultivation have limited the global gain from GM adoption to one third of its potential. Poor countries would benefit the most from lifting such bans
description: Countries, crop and year. Smallest Geographic Unit: Country
DOI: 10.48665/udec/rqa125/anylof
title: BASE_PTSD.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48665/udec/rqa125
title: Interaction of Val66Met BDNF and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms with prevalence of post-earthquake 27-F PTSD in Chilean population

description: Natural disasters can have significant impacts on populations, including an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTSD in individuals who had previously undergone structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews in the aftermath of the 27-F earthquake in Chile. The prevalence of post-earthquake PTSD was found to be 11.06%, with no significant difference from the reported prevalence of PTSD in those exposed to traumatic events. While studies have identified higher rates of PTSD in women, this study did not find any sex-related differences. However, a concomitant diagnosis of depressive episodes (DE) was significantly associated with an elevated risk of developing post-earthquake PTSD. Witnessing more than one critical traumatic event associated with the earthquake was also found to escalate the risk of developing earthquake-induced PTSD. The study also evaluated the potential influence of genetic factors on the risk of post-earthquake PTSD. The presence of BDNF and 5-HTTLPR genetic variants was assessed, and although studies have proposed that carriers of the Met allele are more susceptible to developing PTSD, this study did not identify a significant association between the Met allele and the incidence of post-earthquake PTSD. Similarly, while studies have suggested that individuals carrying at least one "S" allele of 5-HTTLPR are more susceptible to stress-related disorders, this study did not find a significant association between the LG and S alleles and the incidence of post-earthquake PTSD. The study highlights the need for clinical care to prioritize the detection and treatment of concomitant DE and the exposure to critical traumatic events in survivors of disasters. Early interventions can potentially mitigate the risk of developing post-disaster PTSD. Furthermore, the study suggests a need for a more comprehensive understanding of genetic predispositions to post-disaster PTSD, and future research is encouraged to explore other genetic variants that could influence the development of PTSD. Limitations of the study include the potential interference of different DE subtypes, the complexity of quantifying the degree of earthquake exposure experienced by each individual, and events entailing social disruption, such as looting, that can profoundly influence distress. These limitations highlight the need for further research to broaden the understanding of PTSD following disasters, potentially leading to more effective prevention and treatment strategies. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the multifaceted nature of PTSD and the significant role that critical traumatic experiences and concomitant depressive episodes play in the development of post-disaster PTSD. The study provides insights into potential areas for intervention and highlights the need for further research to better understand the relationship between genetic factors and post-disaster PTSD.
DOI: 10.3886/e177541
title: Code for: A Note on Temporary Supply Shocks with Aggregate Demand Inertia

description: We study optimal monetary policy during temporary supply contractions when aggregate demand has inertia and the central bank is concerned about future constraints on expansionary policy. In this environment, it is optimal to run the economy hot until supply recovers. However, the policy does not remain loose throughout the low-supply phase. Overall, when the initial aggregate demand is low, the goal is to frontload the rate cuts to raise demand in anticipation of the recovery of supply. If inflation also has inertia, the central bank still overheats the economy during the low-supply phase but gradually cools it down over time.<br><br>
DOI: 10.3886/e177541v1
title: Code for: A Note on Temporary Supply Shocks with Aggregate Demand Inertia

description: We study optimal monetary policy during temporary supply contractions when aggregate demand has inertia and the central bank is concerned about future constraints on expansionary policy. In this environment, it is optimal to run the economy hot until supply recovers. However, the policy does not remain loose throughout the low-supply phase. Overall, when the initial aggregate demand is low, the goal is to frontload the rate cuts to raise demand in anticipation of the recovery of supply. If inflation also has inertia, the central bank still overheats the economy during the low-supply phase but gradually cools it down over time.<br><br>
DOI: 10.3886/e168843
title: Data and Code for: Pandemic Schooling Mode and Student Test Scores: Evidence from U.S. School Districts

description: We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or virtual learning) in the 2020-21 school year on students' pass rates on standardized tests in Grades 3--8 across 11 states. Pass rates declined from 2019 to 2021: an average decline of 12.8 percentage points in math and 6.8 in English language arts (ELA). Focusing on within-state, within-commuting zone variation in schooling mode, we estimate districts with full in-person learning had significantly smaller declines in pass rates (13.4 p.p. in math, 8.3 p.p. in ELA). The value to in-person learning was larger for districts with larger populations of Black students.
description: United States public school districts in CO, CT, MA, MN, MS, OH, RI, VA, WI, WV, WY. Smallest Geographic Unit: US public school districts by zip code
DOI: 10.3886/e168843v1
title: Data and Code for: Pandemic Schooling Mode and Student Test Scores: Evidence from U.S. School Districts

description: We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or virtual learning) in the 2020-21 school year on students' pass rates on standardized tests in Grades 3--8 across 11 states. Pass rates declined from 2019 to 2021: an average decline of 12.8 percentage points in math and 6.8 in English language arts (ELA). Focusing on within-state, within-commuting zone variation in schooling mode, we estimate districts with full in-person learning had significantly smaller declines in pass rates (13.4 p.p. in math, 8.3 p.p. in ELA). The value to in-person learning was larger for districts with larger populations of Black students.
description: United States public school districts in CO, CT, MA, MN, MS, OH, RI, VA, WI, WV, WY. Smallest Geographic Unit: US public school districts by zip code
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/481e4cb07285a4477e96c17685fb9a4e
title: Visual Counts of Tree Reproduction near NEON plots at Harvard Forest since 2020

description: Mast seeding, a resource pulse that has cascading effects in the environment, is a measure that can provide insight into forest dynamics. When masting data is collected in sequential years it can provide information on how tree populations are responding to climatic and environmental variables, and can also be used to relate to other indices, such as seed-eating animal species. The objective of this study is to quantify the yearly seed production of mast seeding tree species at Harvard Forest which are located near National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) plots. This project is part of larger NEON-enabled project examining mast seeding on a continental scale at 25 NEON sites in the United States, which uses mast seeding records in conjunction with NEON collected data products like mammal box-trapping, tick drags, and bird point counts. Data collected on mast seeding can be linked to these other indices at regional and continental scales.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20431200
title: Figure S3.xlsx

description: <em>in vivo</em> calcium imaging in the DRG, and <em>in vivo</em> DH electrophysiology in littermates and PVDTA animals before and after i.pl. PGE2 injection.
DOI: 10.3886/e177962
title: Data and Code for: Influence Motives in Social Signaling: Evidence from COVID-19 Vaccinations in Germany

description: <b>Data and Code for: Influence Motives in Social Signaling: Evidence from COVID-19 Vaccinations in Germany</b><br><br><b>Abstract:</b> We investigate whether a desire to influence others’ choices affects our own behavior. To separate such influence motives from social pressure, we study participants’ willingness to register for a COVID-19 vaccination in a field experiment in Germany. We vary whether participants’ registration decisions are shared with a peer, to activate social pressure, and whether peers are informed before their own decision, to isolate influence motives. We find that influence motives double participants‘ registration likelihood, an effect driven by individuals with ex-ante trust in the vaccine. Despite anticipating to influence their peers, participants cannot alter peer behavior in the experiment.
description: None
description: Adult residents of the German state of Bavaria. Smallest Geographic Unit: Zip code (Postleitzahl)
description: web-based survey;
DOI: 10.3886/e177962v1
title: Data and Code for: Influence Motives in Social Signaling: Evidence from COVID-19 Vaccinations in Germany

description: <b>Data and Code for: Influence Motives in Social Signaling: Evidence from COVID-19 Vaccinations in Germany</b><br><br><b>Abstract:</b> We investigate whether a desire to influence others’ choices affects our own behavior. To separate such influence motives from social pressure, we study participants’ willingness to register for a COVID-19 vaccination in a field experiment in Germany. We vary whether participants’ registration decisions are shared with a peer, to activate social pressure, and whether peers are informed before their own decision, to isolate influence motives. We find that influence motives double participants‘ registration likelihood, an effect driven by individuals with ex-ante trust in the vaccine. Despite anticipating to influence their peers, participants cannot alter peer behavior in the experiment.
description: None
description: Adult residents of the German state of Bavaria. Smallest Geographic Unit: Zip code (Postleitzahl)
description: web-based survey;
DOI: 10.5519/qd.njoicszu
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (1117 records)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21695432.v4
title: Data about perceived stress, PTSD symptoms and defense mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic

description: Dataset linked to a Data in Brief article.