cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000258
title: Saturated Vapour Pressure (kPa) August

description: The average energy of the molecules in a liquid such as water is governed by temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the average energy. Some molecules have higher energies than the average, and if they are on the surface of the liquid, can move fast enough to escape the inter-molecular attractive forces holding the liquid together. They then evaporate from the surface of the liquid. This process can continue until the space above the liquid is saturated with water molecules. Equilibrium is then reached with as many molecules leaving the surface of water as are re-entering it. At this point the pressure exerted by that vapour is called the saturated vapour pressure. The symbol used for saturated vapour pressure is ea and the unit of pressure is kPa. Since the molecular kinetic energy is greater at higher temperature, more molecules can escape the surface and the saturated vapour pressure is correspondingly higher. This relationship is illustrated in the shaded box.

Daily values of saturated vapour pressure were computed from the 50 year daily time series of temperature generated for South Africa at each one of 429 700 raster points at one arc minute interval, using techniques developed by Schulze and Maharaj (2004).
DOI: 10.15493/bea.data.10000018
title: Soybean Yield Estimates per mesozone

description: *The dataset shows soybean yield estimates allocated to mesozones. Yield estimates were derived from Schulze R.E. and Maharaj M. (2007) and then allocated to mesozones by combining with a base mesozone layer obtained from the CSIR Geospatial Analysis Platform (GAP). *Based on Smith's (1994; 1998) climatic criteria, the highest soybean yields should be attained in the north-eastern parts of the Eastern Cape, the moister inland areas of KwaZulu-Natal, and eastern Mpumalanga, with potential yields decreasing towards the west. *Using Smith's (1994; 1998) climatic criteria, yields of soybean are estimated using the effective rainfall for October to March and heat units (base 10°C) for the same period, with modifications to yields made for soil properties and levels of management.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.fynbos.7b1118
title: 7B event rainfall June 2011 - February 2018

description: Event rainfall data collected by Davis Instruments tipping bucket gauge installed at 1.2m above ground at 278 masl at Weikamp station in the Jonkershoek valley in the Western Cape of South Africa. Data recorded by a Pendant Event logger (UA-003-64, Onset, Massachusetts, U.S.A). Tipping bucket calibrated to 0.2 mm increments.
DOI: 10.15493/bea.data.10000009
title: Acacia mearnsii - timber Yield Estimates per mesozone

description: *The dataset shows Acacia mearnsii - timber yield estimates allocated to mesozones. Yield estimates were derived from Schulze R.E. and Maharaj M. (2007) and then allocated to mesozones by combining with a base mesozone layer obtained from the CSIR Geospatial Analysis Platform (GAP). *The map of climatically optimum growth areas shows the main potential areas for A. mearnsii to be in a strip along the coast of the Eastern Cape, parts of the midlands and northwest of KwaZulu-Natal and a strip in Mpumalanga, with smaller patches of climatically optimum areas elsewhere. *Areas of highest yields of A. mearnsii timber correspond with those of bark, with significant tracts of the northeast of the Eastern Cape displaying considerable potential for future black wattle plantations.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000382
title: Number of days for Maximum Temperature over 90th percentile for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000227
title: Seasonal total rainfall (mm per 3-month season) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for MAM season under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (MAM) mean rainfall (mm per month) from the 10% percentile projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000242
title: Standard Deviation Of Daily Solar Radiation (Mj/M2/Day) April

description: These daily estimates of solar radiation were derived using modifications for South African conditions of the Bristow and Campbell (1984) equation. The daily values can be used as input in other equations such as the Penman-Monteith equation for potential crop evaporation.

The method of estimation of daily solar radiation loadings over South Africa and its verification are as follows: based on the premise that clear sky solar radiation is determined essentially by extraterrestrial solar radiation modulated by an atmospheric extinction function, and dependent on high maximum temperatures associated with a high diurnal range in temperature, while cloudy/rainy conditions are associated with a low diurnal temperature range, the Bristow and Campbell (1984) equation was modified for South African conditions by regionally optimised expressions of clear sky depletion for atmospheric water vapour content, and by month-by-month regionalised expressions for solar radiation extinction by cloudy/rainy conditions. Other than the optimised regional/monthly coefficients and the computation of extraterrestrial radiation, which is undertaken with trigonometrical geometry functions, the only other variables used were daily maximum and minimum temperatures. The latter were determined for the 50 year period 1950 - 1999 at each of 429 700 one arc minute (1.7 x 1.7 km) raster points over South Africa by techniques outlined in Schulze and Maharaj (2004).
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000394
title: Vapour Pressure Deficit (kPa) September

description: Daily values of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) are, however, required far more frequently, particularly when modelling crop potential evaporation using the Penman- Monteith equation (Penman, 1948). In this section a method used to estimate VPD is outlined, the method is verified and then maps and statistics of VPD are presented.

The hypothesis in estimating daily values of VPD at any specified location in South Africa is that actual VP, actual vapour pressure, which is considered to be a conservative climate element, and which may be derived from the monthly regression equations be held constant at that location for a given month. The fluctuating day-to-day daily temperature values at that location are then used with the Tetens (1930) formula given above to calculate a daily saturated VP, saturated vapour pressure. From actual vapour pressure and saturated vapour pressure daily values of VPD (and RH, if desired) can then be computed. This approach is known as the Schulze-Chapman model.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.egagasini.10000035
title: The ASCA April 2015 raw shipborne-ADCP data

description: The Agulhas System Climate Array (ACSA) is a mooring array and is designed to provide long-term observations of the Agulhas Current`s volume, heat and salt transport and its variability from mesoscale (eddies), through seasonal to interannual timescales. The ASCA shelf and tall moorings extend 200 km offshore along decending TOPEX/Jason satellite ground track # 96, through the core of the Agulhas Current, with CPIES measurements extending the array to 300 km offshore of Port Elizabeth. The data collected during this project have been obtained from various oceanographic instrumentation. This is the raw data, collected by a S-ADCP (Shipborne - Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler).
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000342
title: Maximum of Minimum Temperature for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000007
title: Annual mean near-surface (2m) temperature (°C) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Annual mean near-surface (2m) temperature (°C) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily temperature averages, which are used to generate projections of annual change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.egagasini.10000031
title: The ASCA April 2015 raw CTD profile data collected for stations 001 - 024

description: The Agulhas System Climate Array (ACSA) is a mooring array and is designed to provide long-term observations of the Agulhas Current`s volume, heat and salt transport and its variability from mesoscale (eddies), through seasonal to interannual timescales. The ASCA shelf and tall moorings extend 200 km offshore along decending TOPEX/Jason satellite ground track # 96, through the core of the Agulhas Current, with CPIES measurements extending the array to 300 km offshore of Port Elizabeth. The data collected during the ASCA project have been obtained from various oceanographic instrumentation. This raw data was collected by the ship-borne CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) sensor for the following stations: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b, 24a and 24b.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva3.data.10000013
title: Emergency Infrastructure

description: The dataset shows the location of facilities that can be used as evacuation sites during disaster events. The dataset is based on OpenStreetMap data, downloaded from the official site: https://www.openstreetmap.org.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000025
title: Seasonal mean near-surface (2m) temperature (°C) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for DJF season under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (DJF) mean near-surface (2m) temperature (°C) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily temperature averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000440
title: Number Of Days Per Year With Stormflow > 2mm/Day

description: This data set contains Stormflow in South Africa (SA). Stormflow is defined as the water which is generated from a specific rainfall event, either at or near the surface in a catchment. Important statistics on stormflows include annual means, inter-annual variabilities, and magnitudes in wet and dry years and the number of stormflow events per annum exceeding critical thresholds. Distribution patterns over SA show that the highest mean annual stormflows, in excess of 100 mm and > 200 mm, occur in the humid eastern third of SA with its high number of  rainfall events.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000032
title: Median monthly precipitation (mm) for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000089
title: Minimum of Minimum Temperature for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.4121/6761187a-61a2-44b7-b86e-11875e3c2a46
title: Supplementary data - Nearshore - RealDune/REFLEX

description: Supplementary data from Rijkswaterstaat for the nearshore field measurements of the November, November - December, and January deployment of the RealDune/REFLEX experiments at the Dutch coast in Autumn/Winter 2021/2022. This dataset is part of the data collection 'Nearshore coastal measurements of calm, moderate, and storm conditions at two artificial dunes along the Dutch Coast during the RealDune/REFLEX experiments'. The data was downloaded from https://www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/klimatologie/uurgegevens and https://waterinfo.rws.nl/.
DOI: 10.15493/bea.data.10000044
title: SUG-MOL: Ethanol Fermentation from Sugarcane

description: * Technical Challenges - Rapid development of the feedstock source will be required, since the ethanol content of fuel cannot be increased incrementally. In the lead-up to full production at a facility, the sugar may be processed through traditional channels. * Cost Challenges - None of the projects are feasible; producing ethanol within the cost range of petrol in the recent past is only possible through subsidisation of the sugar input costs. Capital costs are low but operating costs are high. Utilising bagasse for electricity generation can offset the high operating costs. * Policy Challenges - Regulation of ethanol production similar to the wine industry will be required with regulation of a large number of small producers. * Environmental Challenges - Greenhouse gas mitigation depends strongly on (1) co-generation of electricity from bagasse to supply process energy and (2) whether land use change is minimised. Converting subsistence cropland to sugar cane cultivation will have a significant impact on biodiversity and water use.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000389
title: Vapour Pressure Deficit (kPa) April

description: Daily values of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) are, however, required far more frequently, particularly when modelling crop potential evaporation using the Penman- Monteith equation (Penman, 1948). In this section a method used to estimate VPD is outlined, the method is verified and then maps and statistics of VPD are presented.

The hypothesis in estimating daily values of VPD at any specified location in South Africa is that actual VP, actual vapour pressure, which is considered to be a conservative climate element, and which may be derived from the monthly regression equations be held constant at that location for a given month. The fluctuating day-to-day daily temperature values at that location are then used with the Tetens (1930) formula given above to calculate a daily saturated VP, saturated vapour pressure. From actual vapour pressure and saturated vapour pressure daily values of VPD (and RH, if desired) can then be computed. This approach is known as the Schulze-Chapman model.
DOI: 10.4121/6761187a-61a2-44b7-b86e-11875e3c2a46.v1
title: Supplementary data - Nearshore - RealDune/REFLEX

description: Supplementary data from Rijkswaterstaat for the nearshore field measurements of the November, November - December, and January deployment of the RealDune/REFLEX experiments at the Dutch coast in Autumn/Winter 2021/2022. This dataset is part of the data collection 'Nearshore coastal measurements of calm, moderate, and storm conditions at two artificial dunes along the Dutch Coast during the RealDune/REFLEX experiments'. The data was downloaded from https://www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/klimatologie/uurgegevens and https://waterinfo.rws.nl/.
DOI: 10.15493/bea.data.10000056
title: Mesozones within 2km of High Voltage Stations

description: Eskom provided the BioEnergy Atlas with a set of data to describe their current and planned infrastructure:
* High voltage transmission lines and substations;
* Medium voltage distribution lines and substations;
* Planned new transmission lines;
* Planned new substations.
All of these were aggregated to meso-zones (planning and analysis zones used for the Atlas) in the following way:
* Distribution and transmission lines: presence or absence of lines;
* Substations: count of medium voltage substations, and proximity (5km) to high voltage substations
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000214
title: Root Mean Square Difference between the nine ensemble member change anomalies of the seasonal total rainfall for the median for 2036 - 2065 relative to 1976-2005, for the SON season, under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Root Mean Square Difference for seasonal (SON) rainfall (mm per month) change from the median projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.gfw.10000002
title: Cathedral Peak research catchments contemporary daily rainfall dataset

description: This dataset contains daily observed precipitation values for 27 rain gauges located across the mountainous Cathedral Peak research catchments, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The record starts from 1 October 2013 until 30 September 2019.  The altitude of the rain gauges ranges from 1 848 to 2 280 m.a.s.l.  The data has been quality controlled and checked for consistency using the methods outlined in the supplementary information.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.fynbos.lr4061
title: Langrivier Kent stream flow volume September 1940 - March 1961

description: Hourly stream flow in cubic meters estimated from stage height measured with a Kent water level recorder at a V-notch weir in Langrivier catchment in the Jonkershoek valley, Western Cape, South Africa.
DOI: 10.15493/dea.carbon.10000096
title: South African Land Cover 2018 Class N Mines Resampled to a 1km Grid

description: Raster-based land cover dataset representing the full South African landscape for the full year 2018. Derived from 20m Sentinel 2 imagery acquired between 01 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. Land cover information classes based on new Gazetted land cover standards and legend content used in 2013-14 national land cover data. All land cover and land-use classes generated using automated modelling procedures for full operational repeatability and change detection. Class 68–72 of the 2018 South African National land cover dataset was clustered to derive South African land cover 2018 Class N Mines for the current product and resampled to a 1000 x 1000m grid resolution Albers Equal Area map projection +proj=aea +lat_1=-22 +lat_2=-38 +lat_0=-30 +lon_0=25 +x_0=1400000 +y_0=1300000 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000080
title: Number of days for Maximum Temperature under 10th percentile for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/