cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/bxk6-be53
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Marcinkowski - Bagley Lakes - TSME - ITRDB WA143

description: Mountain hemlock growth chronologies were used to reconstruct the mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, an alpine glacier in the North Cascade Range of Washington State. The net balance reconstruction spans 350 years, from 1659 to 2009. Summer and winter balances were reconstructed for 1346-2009 and 1615-2009, respectively. Relationships between mass balance and winter precipitation, temperature, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index, and the El Nino Southern Oscillation index indicate that these influence glacier balance at various temporal scales. Above-average net, summer, and winter mass balance occurred mainly in 1690-1710, 1810-1820, 1845-1860, 1865-1890, and 1975-1990, and below-average balance periods include 1680-1690, 1790-1810, 1820-1840, and 1930-1960. Above- and below-average reconstructed mass balances at South Cascade Glacier were concurrent with similar periods from other glacier balance reconstructions in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Agreement among these records suggests that changes in South Cascade Glacier mass balance are good indicators of regional balance fluctuations, and glaciers in the Pacific Northwest are responding similarly to regional external forcings. The current rate of decline, from 2000 to 2009, in the reconstructed balance record has been faster than any decline in a century. This decreasing trend is projected to continue with increasing temperatures, and will likely affect glacier-influenced water resources in the Pacific Northwest.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/bpem-9j52
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - St. Marie, Madagascar Coral Sr/Ca, Density, Extension and Calcification Data from 1963-2006 CE

description: Massive corals offer continuous records of climate locked within their skeleton, with the most commonly applied paleo-thermometer being Sr/Ca. Recently, however, problems with Sr/Ca thermometry indicate that the intrinsic variance of single-core Sr/Ca time series differs between cores. Here, we compare the Sr/Ca records and growth parameters of two Porites lutea colonies sampled from the same reef zone, 0.72 km apart, with two gridded SST datasets, ERSST and HadISST, off NE Madagascar. Specifically, we address seasonal and interannual variability as well as trend differences between records over the same 43 year period. The two gridded SST datasets showed strong seasonality and weak positive ENSO anomalies on a slow 43 year warming trend at significantly different rates. Both the coral Sr/Ca records showed the same clear seasonality and similar amplitudes in SST. However, on interannual timescales, they displayed diverging 43 year Sr/Ca trends and opposite responses to weak ENSO anomalies. Moreover, their growth response also differed as one coral showed increasing extension/calcification rates and Sr/Ca ratios (cooling) over the 43 years, while the other coral showed decreasing extension/calcification rates and Sr/Ca ratios (warming). Further, during positive ENSO events, the calcification rates of the two corals were negatively correlated, while skeletal density anomalies were opposite. Possible explanations to why these corals are so different may be related to the corals growth response to SST changes. The growth response of individual corals to increasing SST seems to be opposite, which in turn are likely related to biological factors. Consequently, coral growth responses explain much of the inter-colony Sr/Ca variability.
description: Chronology based on seasonal cycles in trace elements (Sr/Ca)
  Provided Keywords: corals, Sr/Ca, SST, Madagascar, Indian Ocean
DOI: 10.25921/bh6b-5151
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo-pCO2 Database ODP999 Plio-Pleistocene Boron Isotope and CO2 Data

description: Theory and climate modelling suggest that the sensitivity of Earth's climate to changes in radiative forcing could depend on the background climate. However, palaeoclimate data have thus far been insufficient to provide a conclusive test of this prediction. Here we present atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reconstructions based on multi-site boron-isotope records from the late Pliocene epoch (3.3 to 2.3 million years ago). We find that Earth's climate sensitivity to CO2-based radiative forcing (Earth system sensitivity) was half as strong during the warm Pliocene as during the cold late Pleistocene epoch (0.8 to 0.01 million years ago). We attribute this difference to the radiative impacts of continental ice-volume changes (the ice-albedo feedback) during the late Pleistocene, because equilibrium climate sensitivity is identical for the two intervals when we account for such impacts using sea-level reconstructions. We conclude that, on a global scale, no unexpected climate feedbacks operated during the warm Pliocene, and that predictions of equilibrium climate sensitivity (excluding long-term ice-albedo feedbacks) for our Pliocene-like future (with CO2 levels up to maximum Pliocene levels of 450 parts per million) are well described by the currently accepted range of an increase of 1.5 K to 4.5 K per doubling of CO2.
description: Paleo-CO2 derived from boron isotope measurements on planktonic foraminifera samples from Ocean Drilling Program site 999, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mdxn73
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 468 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ehretia corylifolia)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 468 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006193-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/b0t9-km69
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Reconstructed Asian Summer Precipitation (RAP) 1470-2013 CE

description: Sparse long-term Asian monsoon (AM) records have limited our ability to understand and accurately model low-frequency AM variability. Here we present a gridded 544-year (from AD 1470 to 2013) Reconstructed Asian summer Precipitation (RAP) dataset by weighted merging two complementary proxies including 453 tree ring width chronologies and 71 historical documentary records. The RAP dataset provides substantially improved data quality compared with single proxy-type reconstructions. Skillful reconstructions are obtained in East and North China, northern India and Pakistan, Indochina Peninsula, mid-latitude Asia, Maritime Continent, and southern Japan. The RAP faithfully illustrates large-scale regional rainfall variability but has more uncertainties in representing small-scale local rainfall anomalies. The RAP reproduces realistic climatology and captures well the year-to-year rainfall variability averaged over monsoon Asia, arid central Asia, and entire Asia during the 20th century. It also shows a general agreement with other proxies (speleothems and ice cores) during the period of 1470-1920. The RAP captures the remarkably abrupt change during the 1600s recorded in the upwelling proxy over the Arabian Sea. Four major modes of variability of the Asian summer precipitation are identified with the long record of RAP, including a biennial El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode, a low-frequency ENSO mode, a central Pacific El Nino-like decadal mode, and an interdecadal mode. In sum, the RAP provides a valuable dataset for study of the large-scale Asian summer precipitation variability, especially the decadal-centennial variability that are caused by the external forcing and internal feedback processes within the Earth climate system.
description: Asian summer (June to August) precipitation field reconstruction based on tree ring chronologies and historical documentary records from 1470 to 2013 CE
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vhhjqh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 555851 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Türkiye",
 "TaxonKey is Plantae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 555851 records from 487 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006114-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/bv8q-0749
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Appleton - Castle Rock - TSME - ITRDB OR098

description: Snow dominates the hydrology and climate of the United States' central Pacific Coast, but because local measurements of snowpack and winter precipitation often extend back only a few decades, observations by themselves are not adequate to describe potential amplitude of wintertime conditions. Here we present a set of updated and extended mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana [Bong.] Carr.) tree-ring width records from Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, and use these data to make inferences about snowpack prior to the start of instrumental monitoring. In July and August 2013, we collected cores from 228 trees at seven high-elevation hemlock stands that surround the crater's rim. The oldest tree had an inner ring date of A.D. 1474, and the longest ring-width chronology maintained a satisfactory common signal back to the middle of the 16th century. The growth of high-elevation mountain hemlock is strongly and inversely related to cool-season precipitation, making these records some of the most southerly examples of a robust inverse cool-season moisture signal in North American tree rings. The growth of these snow-limited forests does not appear to have been affected by the substantial decline in spring snowpack observed in the past two decades across the broader Cascade Range, and we did not find any indication of changing relationships between tree growth and either monthly or seasonal winter precipitation since the early 1990s. The exceptional three-year sequence in Crater Lake tree rings between A.D. 1809 and 1811, which includes the narrowest ring since A.D. 1540 and anatomical abnormalities produced by cold weather, leads us to conclude that 1809-1810 was the most snowy and severe winter to affect south-central Oregon during the past four and a half centuries.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/bfqa-xc91
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Osborn - Sotterley Park - QUSP - ITRDB BRIT069

description: We present an annually resolved reconstruction of spring-summer precipitation variability in East Anglia, UK (52-53N, 0-2E) for the period AD 900-2009. A continuous regional network of 723 living (AD 1590-2009) and historical (AD 781-1790) oak (Quercus sp.) ring-width series has been constructed and shown to display significant sensitivity to precipitation variability during the March-July season. The existence of a coherent common growth signal is demonstrated in oaks growing across East Anglia, containing evidence of near-decadal aperiodic variability in precipitation throughout the last millennium. Positive correlations are established between oak growth and precipitation variability across a large region of northwest Europe, although climate-growth relationships appear time transgressive with correlations significantly weakening during the early twentieth century. Examination of the relationship between oak growth, precipitation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), reveals no evidence that the NAO plays any significant role in the control of precipitation or tree growth in this region. Using Regional Curve Standardisation to preserve evidence of low-frequency growth variability in the East Anglian oak chronology, we produce a millennial length reconstruction that is capable of explaining 32-35% of annual-to-decadal regional-scale precipitation variance during 1901-2009. The full length reconstruction indicates statistically significant anomalous dry conditions during AD 900-1100 and circa-1800. An apparent prolonged wetter phase is estimated for the twelfth and thirteen centuries, whilst precipitation fluctuates between wetter and drier phases at near centennial timescales throughout the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. Above average precipitation reconstructed for the twenty-first century is comparable with that reproduced for the 1600s. The main estimated wet and dry phases reconstructed here appear largely coherent with an independent tree-ring reconstruction for southern-central England.
description: Cooper et al. 2013 E. Anglia hydroclimate. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-08-22.
DOI: 10.25921/b64y-6k17
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sauchyn - Whistler Mountain - PIAL - ITRDB CANA585

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Upper Missouri River Basin Streamflow project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/bh3d-pv86
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bona-Churchill Ice Core, Alaska 800 Year d18O Data

description: Stable oxygen isotopes (d18O) in the Bona-Churchill (B-C) ice core from southeast Alaska provide a valuable, high-resolution history of climate variability and sea ice cover in the Western Arctic over the last 800 years. Multiple ice cores have been collected from the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountain Range; however, their d18O records exhibit little consistency as each core offers a unique view on local, regional, and/or global climate variability. To explore the primary mechanisms influencing the isotopic signature at the B-C site, we utilize isotope-enabled model data, reanalysis data, and observations which all indicate a strong connection between isotopes at the B-C site and Western Arctic climate, likely established by the location of the storm track in this region. Enriched B-C d18O reflects increased southerly flow and warmer waters in the Bering Sea which modulates the heat flux through the Bering Strait and into the Arctic, thereby affecting sea ice cover in the Western Arctic. The B-C d18O paleorecord shares some remarkable similarities (r = -0.80, p < 0.001) with the duration of Western Arctic sea ice cover reconstructed from a Chukchi Sea sediment core. Interestingly, during the Little Ice Age enriched d18O and reduced Western Arctic sea ice are observed and may be indicative of prolonged periods of the warm Arctic/cold continents pattern and a northwestward shift of the North Pacific storm track.
description: Oxygen isotope data from the Bona-Churchill ice core (Core 1) retrieved from southeast Alaska. Annual data are presented for the 20th century as shown in Figure 7 of Porter et al. (2019). The 800 year isotope record is presented as 41-year running averages as shown in Figure 3 of Porter et al. (2019)
DOI: 10.25921/b33e-a245
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Foraminifera Mg/Ca Surface Sediment Database

description: The Mg/Ca of planktic foraminifera is commonly assumed to be a univariate function of ocean temperature, but recent work suggests that nonthermal variables may have a secondary effect, thereby complicating an inverse approach for paleotemperature reconstructions. However, the significance of secondary variables has not been independently validated, and their inclusion may reflect statistical overfitting. Here we evaluate the significance of seven predictive variables on a global compilation (n = 1,124) of coreuc0u8208 top planktic foraminifera Mg/Ca spanning five species. An additive approach was used to construct models that included only variables with significant validation skill. Optimal models support the use of Mg/Ca as a paleothermometer but also find evidence for nonthermal variables: (a) Mg/Ca (N. pachy+incompta) = 0.186 'b1 0.001 'b7 exp(0.095 'b1 0.002 'b7 T) + 2.95Eu8208 3 'b1 5.4Eu8208 6 'b7 size; (b) Mg/Ca (G. ruber) = 0.685 'b1 0.005 'b7 exp(0.058 'b1 0.001 'b7 T) + 0.928 'b1 0.02 'b7 Omega(deep); (c); Mg/Ca (G. inflata) = 1.737 'b1 0.007 'b7 exp(0.065 'b1 0.001 'b7 T) 'b7 Omega(shallow)^u8208 0.734 'b1 0.003; and (d) Mg/Ca (G. bulloides) = 0.623 'b1 0.007 'b7 exp(0.079 'b1 0.001 'b7 T) + 0.548 'b1 0.007 'b7 Omega(deep). Results highlight the importance of independent validation and suggest that u937  and size dependences may complicate univariate inversions for paleotemperature in some species. This is particularly true over timescales when secondary terms cannot be considered constant. Forward modeling is an attractive alternative, and improved Mg/Ca models may reduce bias in paleoceanographic data assimilation efforts. Salinity is absent from all relationships, suggesting that it may have a smaller influence than previously thought or may not vary sufficiently to be resolved at coreu8208 top sites. The stepwise approach illustrated in this study is widely applicable, and validation exercises should be applied to the calibration of other paleoceanographic proxies.
DOI: 10.25921/b9p2-6q27
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Pella, South Africa 50,000-Year Rock Hyrax Midden Charcoal and Pollen Data

description: This paper presents the first continuous pollen record from the southern Namib Desert spanning the last 50,000 years. Obtained from rock hyrax middens found near the town of Pella, South Africa, these data are used to reconstruct vegetation change and quantitative estimates of temperature and aridity. Results indicate that the last glacial period was characterised by increased water availability at the site relative to the Holocene. Changes in temperature and potential evapotranspiration appear to have played a significant role in determining the hydrologic balance. The record can be considered in two sections: 1) the last glacial period, when low temperatures favoured the development of more mesic Nama-Karoo vegetation at the site, with periods of increased humidity concurrent with increased coastal upwelling, both responding to lower global/regional temperatures; and 2) the Holocene, during which time high temperatures and potential evapotranspiration resulted in increased aridity and an expansion of the Desert Biome. During this latter period, increases in upwelling intensity created drier conditions at the site.

Considered in the context of discussions of forcing mechanisms of regional climate change and environmental dynamics, the results from Pella stand in clear contrast with many inferences of terrestrial environmental change derived from regional marine records. Observations of a strong precessional signal and interpretations of increased humidity during phases of high local summer insolation in the marine records are not consistent with the data from Pella. Similarly, while high percentages of Restionaceae pollen has been observed in marine sediments during the last glacial period, they do not exceed 1% of the assemblage from Pella, indicating that no significant expansion of the Fynbos Biome has occurred during the last 50,000 years. These findings pose interesting questions regarding the nature of environmental change in southwestern Africa, and the significance of the diverse records that have been obtained from the region.
description: Pella, South Africa rock hyrax midden microcharcoal and pollen data
DOI: 10.25921/bnxb-1n90
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions

description: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records.  NOTE: TableS1.xlsx updated 2022-01-31. Figure 3g, Latitudinal Insolation Gradient, extended only to 4900 YrBP in the original version.  The corrected version of TableS1.xlsx contains Latitudinal Insolation Gradient data back to 12000 YrBP.
DOI: 10.25921/bdyf-pg64
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - East Asia 1150 Year Composite Reconstruction of Multidecadal Temperature Changes

description: The drivers of multidecadal- to centennial-scale variability in East Asian temperature, apparent in temperature reconstructions, are poorly understood. Here we apply a multivariate regression analysis to distinguish the influences of large-scale modes of internal variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation) and external natural (orbital, solar, and volcanic) and anthropogenic (greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosols, and land use changes) forcings on East Asian warm-season temperature over the period 850-1999 CE (Common Era). We find that ~80% of the temperature change on time scales longer than 30 years can be explained including all drivers over the full-length period. The Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation was the most important driver of multidecadal temperature variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (here 950-1250), while solar contribution was important during the Little Ice Age (here 1350-1850). Since 1850, two thirds of temperature change can be explained with anthropogenic forcing, whereas one third was related mainly to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and volcanic forcing.
description: Warm season (April-September) multidecadal-scale (> 30 years) temperature changes since 850 CE were reconstructed by compositing 7 previously published reconstructions with annual or decadal temporal resolution.  Data are reported as air surface temperature anomalies with respect to 1961-1990 CE