cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266433
title: Fabrication and characterization of low cost ceramic membranes for microfiltration of Acutodesmus obliquus using modified clays

description: ABSTRACT Tubular ceramic microfiltration membranes were prepared by extruding thermally treated clay (TC) and raw clay (NC) mixtures in different fractions with the addition of cationic manioc starch. Previous studies have verified that membranes containing TC possess higher hydraulic permeability and permeate flow values than those containing only NC for application in crossflow filtration. However, TC membranes had a low mechanical strength. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the mechanical strength without adversely affecting their permeate flow and hydraulic permeability. The physical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of the membranes were determined. The membranes were used for microfiltration of Acutodesmus obliquus microalgae with applied pressure of 1 bar with a volumetric flow rate of 250 L/h at a temperature of 10 ± 5°C. The efficiency of each ceramic membrane was evaluated in terms of the permeate flow for water and microalgae and hydraulic permeability. The mixture of 70% TC, 15% starch fractions and sintered at 1150°C exhibited optimal performance in mechanical strength (15.1±0.2 MPa), water permeate flow of 522.4±0.3 Kg•m-2•h-1, microalgae permeate flow of 114.8±0.8 Kg•m-2•h-1 and hydraulic permeability of 568.0±0.3 Kg•m-2•h-1•bar.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266436
title: Effect of Sodium Chloride Replacement with Potassium Chloride on Quality Traits of Bicarbonate-Marinated Turkey Breast Meat

description: ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the possibility to formulate low-sodium bicarbonate-marinated turkey breast meat. In total, 60 meat cuts (100 × 50 × 30mm) were divided into four treatments: B1 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 0% sodium chloride replacement), B2 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 15% sodium chloride replacement), B3 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 30% sodium chloride replacement), and B4 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 45% sodium chloride replacement). The results showed that sodium replacement up to 45% had no impact on texture (as represented by Allo-Kramer shear values) and water activity. After cooking, Group B1 exhibited the highest L* value (72.1) and the lowest b* (6.6) when compared to other groups. In conclusion, replacing sodium chloride with potassium chloride up to 45% in the presence of sodium bicarbonate did not affect negatively several quality traits (sensory traits, composition, and texture, etc.).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266424
title: Evaluation of energy and CO 2 emissions in soft drink containers: PET versus Glass

description: ABSTRACT The present paper aims to assess and compare which material (PET or glass) provides a more sustainable life cycle for soft drink containers. Four glass containers, three returnable ones and one disposable were compared to five PET containers (polyethylene terephthalate), three disposable ones made from virgin material, one disposable made from 20% of recycled material and one returnable (RefPet). The CES-Selector/EcoAudit program, which considers five main stages of the product life cycle - material (obtaining raw material), production, transportation, use and disposal - , was used. The resulting indicators were the energy and the amount of CO2 emission. The results, for every 1,000 liters of soft drink bottled, prove that the reuse of containers is the most environmentally correct choice and show that in PET bottles the larger the container capacity the smaller the amount of PET material used, lower the energy and the lower the CO2 emission. On the other hand, for glass bottles, the result is opposite, that is, the larger the container capacity, the greater the amount of material used, the greater the embodied energy and the greater the CO2 emission. Considering the incorporated energy and the CO2 generated, the final result shows that glass containers present better results when filling small-volume packages (290 ml glass and 250 ml PET), while PET containers are the most suitable ones for larger volumes (above 600 ml).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266427.v1
title: Effect of Breeder Age on the Progeny Performance of Three Naked-Neck Chicken Phenotypes

description: ABSTRACT The study was planned to evaluate the effect of different naked-neck (NN) chicken genotypes and breeder ages on the growth performance of their progenies. A total of 126 chicks, from two breeder ages and three NN varieties, were reared up to 20 weeks of age. A randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement, with six treatments of seven replicates of two females and one male each, was applied. Treatments consisted of three NN varieties (light brown, black, and dark brown) and two breeder age groups (45 and 55 weeks old). Growth performance (body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) were evaluated. Higher feed intake was observed in both the male and female progenies of 55-week-old compared with 45-week-old breeders. Light brown males had higher weight gain than dark brown males, whereas in the female progeny, higher weight gain was obtained in the black variety than that in the light brown and dark brown varieties. Regarding breeder age groups, both male and female progenies of 55-week-oldbreeders exhibited higher weight gain than those of 45-week-old breeders. The male progeny of 55-week-old black breeders showed the highest body weight gain among all treatments. Regarding female progeny, higher weight gain was observed in the black variety compared with the light brown and dark brown variety, and in the progeny of 55-week-old breeders than in the progeny of 45-week-old breeders. The interaction between factors showed that females from 55-week-old black breeder has the highest weight gain, whereas the lowest weight gain was found in the progeny of 45-week-old light brown breeders. The male progeny of light brown breeders showed better FCR than those of black and dark brown breeders and of 55-week-old breeders compared with that of 45-week-old breeders. The best FCR was obtained in the progeny of 55-week-old light brown breeders. In females, while no influence of breeder age was detected, better FCR was determined in black than in dark brown and light brown varieties; however, the interaction between factors was significant, with the best FCR obtained in the female progeny of 55-week-old black breeders, and worst in the progeny of 45-week-old light brown breeders. In conclusion, the light brown and black varieties of naked-neck chickens and the progeny of 55-week-old breeders presented better growth performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266436.v1
title: Effect of Sodium Chloride Replacement with Potassium Chloride on Quality Traits of Bicarbonate-Marinated Turkey Breast Meat

description: ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the possibility to formulate low-sodium bicarbonate-marinated turkey breast meat. In total, 60 meat cuts (100 × 50 × 30mm) were divided into four treatments: B1 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 0% sodium chloride replacement), B2 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 15% sodium chloride replacement), B3 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 30% sodium chloride replacement), and B4 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 45% sodium chloride replacement). The results showed that sodium replacement up to 45% had no impact on texture (as represented by Allo-Kramer shear values) and water activity. After cooking, Group B1 exhibited the highest L* value (72.1) and the lowest b* (6.6) when compared to other groups. In conclusion, replacing sodium chloride with potassium chloride up to 45% in the presence of sodium bicarbonate did not affect negatively several quality traits (sensory traits, composition, and texture, etc.).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266442.v1
title: Apparent Faecal Digestibility of Essential Amino Acids from Ω3 Pufa Diets for Laying Hens

description: ABSTRACT The apparent faecal digestibility of the essential amino acids from Ω3 PUFA layer diets and feeding solutions to avoid possible adverse effects of such diets were investigated in two experiments conducted on Lohmann Brown laying hens. Experiment 1 used 72 layers assigned to three groups (C1, E1-1, E2), while experiment 2 used 96 layers assigned to four groups (C2, E1-2, E3, E4). All experimental diets have been enriched in Ω 3 PUFA by supplementing a conventional diet (C1, C2) with 5% flaxseed meal and 2% camelina meal. Diets E2 and E4 had an increased level of Cu (150 mg/kg), diets E3 and E4 were supplemented with 0.0125% enzyme mix, while diets E1-1 and E1-2 were only supplemented with 5% flaxseed meal and 2% camelina meal. The digestibility coefficients of the studied essential amino acids (threonine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cystine, methionine) were lower (p≤0.05) in groups E1-1 and E2 from experiment 1, than in the control group (C1). In experiment 2, the supplemental enzyme mix (E3) increased (p≤0.05) the digestibility coefficients of phenylalanine, lysine, cystine and methionine, compared to the diet with camelina and flaxseed meals (E1-2). The simultaneous inclusion of copper and enzyme mix in the E4 diet increased (p≤0.05) lysine digestibility compared to group E1-2 and sulphur amino acids digestibility, compared to the other groups (C2, E1-2 and E3). In both experiments, only the feed conversion ratio was different (p≤0.05) in favour of the control groups (C1 and C2), compared to the other groups.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266433.v1
title: Fabrication and characterization of low cost ceramic membranes for microfiltration of Acutodesmus obliquus using modified clays

description: ABSTRACT Tubular ceramic microfiltration membranes were prepared by extruding thermally treated clay (TC) and raw clay (NC) mixtures in different fractions with the addition of cationic manioc starch. Previous studies have verified that membranes containing TC possess higher hydraulic permeability and permeate flow values than those containing only NC for application in crossflow filtration. However, TC membranes had a low mechanical strength. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the mechanical strength without adversely affecting their permeate flow and hydraulic permeability. The physical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of the membranes were determined. The membranes were used for microfiltration of Acutodesmus obliquus microalgae with applied pressure of 1 bar with a volumetric flow rate of 250 L/h at a temperature of 10 ± 5°C. The efficiency of each ceramic membrane was evaluated in terms of the permeate flow for water and microalgae and hydraulic permeability. The mixture of 70% TC, 15% starch fractions and sintered at 1150°C exhibited optimal performance in mechanical strength (15.1±0.2 MPa), water permeate flow of 522.4±0.3 Kg•m-2•h-1, microalgae permeate flow of 114.8±0.8 Kg•m-2•h-1 and hydraulic permeability of 568.0±0.3 Kg•m-2•h-1•bar.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266424.v1
title: Evaluation of energy and CO 2 emissions in soft drink containers: PET versus Glass

description: ABSTRACT The present paper aims to assess and compare which material (PET or glass) provides a more sustainable life cycle for soft drink containers. Four glass containers, three returnable ones and one disposable were compared to five PET containers (polyethylene terephthalate), three disposable ones made from virgin material, one disposable made from 20% of recycled material and one returnable (RefPet). The CES-Selector/EcoAudit program, which considers five main stages of the product life cycle - material (obtaining raw material), production, transportation, use and disposal - , was used. The resulting indicators were the energy and the amount of CO2 emission. The results, for every 1,000 liters of soft drink bottled, prove that the reuse of containers is the most environmentally correct choice and show that in PET bottles the larger the container capacity the smaller the amount of PET material used, lower the energy and the lower the CO2 emission. On the other hand, for glass bottles, the result is opposite, that is, the larger the container capacity, the greater the amount of material used, the greater the embodied energy and the greater the CO2 emission. Considering the incorporated energy and the CO2 generated, the final result shows that glass containers present better results when filling small-volume packages (290 ml glass and 250 ml PET), while PET containers are the most suitable ones for larger volumes (above 600 ml).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266406
title: Performance and Egg Quality of Commercial Laying Hens Fed Diets Formulated Using Non-Linear Programming

description: ABSTRACT Feed formulation using linear programming consists of determining the mixture of feedstuffs required to meet pre-established animal nutritional requirements at the lowest cost. On the other hand, with the use of non-linear programming, it is possible to define nutritional requirements at the time of formulation, aiming at maximum profit. The objective of the present study was to compare feeds formulated using linear and non-linear programming in terms of live performance and internal and external egg quality of commercial laying hens. A total of 288 Hisex® White laying hens, 1.540 ± 0.128 g body weight, were evaluated from 33 to 45 weeks of age. Hens were distributed in a completely randomized block design, including six treatments with six replicates of eight birds each. Three treatments consisted of feeds formulated using linear programming and based on the nutritional requirements of Rostagno et al. (2011), of the genetic strain manual, or mathematical models to maximize performance. The other three treatments consisted of feeds formulated using non-linear programming considering typical, favorable, or unfavorable market scenarios. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and in case of significance (p&lt;0.05), means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test (5%).The treatments did not influence (p&gt;0.05) Haugh unit, albumen height, or external egg quality parameters. Treatment effects (p&lt;0.05) on yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, and performance parameters were described. In general, feeds formulated using linear programming and based on nutritional requirements obtained by mathematical models and the genetic strain manual promoted better performance results because the feeds were nutritionally denser. However, the treatments that maximized live performance did not result in higher profitability, which was obtained with the diet formulated for a favorable market scenario using non-linear programming.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266391
title: Carbon emissions associated with two types of foundations: CP-II Portland cement-based composite vs. geopolymer concrete

description: ABSTRACT The cement industry is the second-largest single industrial emitter in the world and therefore has an important role to play in reducing the intensity of its carbon emissions: participation of the sector is important to contribute to the goal of the Paris Climate Change Agreement to limit global warming. One of the strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry is substitution of Portland cement, which is a component of the concrete mix widely used as a construction material worldwide. Geopolymer cement has emerged as an alternative for Portland cement, with several advantages. This study applied the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to quantify the carbon emissions associated with 1m3 of two types of concrete (concrete PC-II cement-based Portland cement vs. geopolymer concrete). Geopolymer concrete presented almost 43% less carbon emissions, while also presenting high physic-chemical performance. It was verified that geopolymer concrete has the potential to help mitigate climate change, and can be employed as part of the plan to minimize the emissions associated with the construction sector.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266400
title: Characterization of Breast Meat Collected from Spent Lohmann Brown Layers in Comparison to Commercial Ross Broilers

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare characteristics and properties of breast meat from spent Lohmann Brown layers (SP, 90 weeks old, n = 24) and those of commercial broilers (BR, 6 weeks old, n = 24). The breasts of both SP and BR were collected from a local processing plant, vacuum-packed in a plastic bag, and stored at -18ºC until further analyses. The SP showed a greater water-holding capacity, tougher and chewier texture (p&lt;0.05). Both raw and cooked SP breasts comprised the greater total collagen but lower soluble collagen than those of BR (p&lt;0.05). Muscle fibers of the SP, observed under scanning electron microscope, were small, with average fiber diameter of 37.85±1.40 μm, densely packed and surrounded by complex networks of connective tissue. The lower myofibril fragmentation index and alkaline-soluble protein fractions of the SP (p&lt;0.05) suggested lesser degree of postmortem fragmentation and protein denaturation in SP compared to BR. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, multiple endothermic transitions were observed in both raw BR and SP breast samples. While BR thermograms comprise five transitions at 57.7ºC, 64.2ºC, 67.6ºC, 72.3ºC and 77.6ºC with total ΔH of 15.31 J/g dry meat, the SP samples exhibited four transitions at 55.1ºC, 62.1ºC, 70.5ºC and 77.7ºC and total ΔH of 17.62 J/g dry meat. Overall, the findings indicated that cooked meat toughness of SP was attributed by the high total and heat-stable collagen content, densely packing of small muscle fibers, and the superior myofibril integrity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266391.v1
title: Carbon emissions associated with two types of foundations: CP-II Portland cement-based composite vs. geopolymer concrete

description: ABSTRACT The cement industry is the second-largest single industrial emitter in the world and therefore has an important role to play in reducing the intensity of its carbon emissions: participation of the sector is important to contribute to the goal of the Paris Climate Change Agreement to limit global warming. One of the strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry is substitution of Portland cement, which is a component of the concrete mix widely used as a construction material worldwide. Geopolymer cement has emerged as an alternative for Portland cement, with several advantages. This study applied the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to quantify the carbon emissions associated with 1m3 of two types of concrete (concrete PC-II cement-based Portland cement vs. geopolymer concrete). Geopolymer concrete presented almost 43% less carbon emissions, while also presenting high physic-chemical performance. It was verified that geopolymer concrete has the potential to help mitigate climate change, and can be employed as part of the plan to minimize the emissions associated with the construction sector.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266400.v1
title: Characterization of Breast Meat Collected from Spent Lohmann Brown Layers in Comparison to Commercial Ross Broilers

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare characteristics and properties of breast meat from spent Lohmann Brown layers (SP, 90 weeks old, n = 24) and those of commercial broilers (BR, 6 weeks old, n = 24). The breasts of both SP and BR were collected from a local processing plant, vacuum-packed in a plastic bag, and stored at -18ºC until further analyses. The SP showed a greater water-holding capacity, tougher and chewier texture (p&lt;0.05). Both raw and cooked SP breasts comprised the greater total collagen but lower soluble collagen than those of BR (p&lt;0.05). Muscle fibers of the SP, observed under scanning electron microscope, were small, with average fiber diameter of 37.85±1.40 μm, densely packed and surrounded by complex networks of connective tissue. The lower myofibril fragmentation index and alkaline-soluble protein fractions of the SP (p&lt;0.05) suggested lesser degree of postmortem fragmentation and protein denaturation in SP compared to BR. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, multiple endothermic transitions were observed in both raw BR and SP breast samples. While BR thermograms comprise five transitions at 57.7ºC, 64.2ºC, 67.6ºC, 72.3ºC and 77.6ºC with total ΔH of 15.31 J/g dry meat, the SP samples exhibited four transitions at 55.1ºC, 62.1ºC, 70.5ºC and 77.7ºC and total ΔH of 17.62 J/g dry meat. Overall, the findings indicated that cooked meat toughness of SP was attributed by the high total and heat-stable collagen content, densely packing of small muscle fibers, and the superior myofibril integrity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266379
title: Infiltration tests in dry covers experimental models using coal ashes from Pecém thermal power plant

description: ABSTRACT The significant amount of coal ashes stored in Energia Pecém Thermoelectric Plant adjacent yards required researches that propose ways of applying this waste, allowing their correct final disposal. Application of this material in dry covers systems proved to be a viable alternative, due the former experience in other works and the possibility of absorbing a large amount of the ashes produced. This work corresponds to second part of a research that studed the application of coal ashes in engineered sanitary landfills dry cover systems. Considering data of a preliminar numerical modelling analysis, three soil columns was builded, which represented three different dry cover systems: Column A – A natural soil layer (30 cm) and a waterproof layer composed of the soil and ashes mixture M70C30 below (30 cm, composed by 70% soil and 30% ashes); Column B – A natural soil layer (30 cm) and a waterproof layer composed of ashes (30 cm) and Column C – A single layer composed of natural soil (30 cm) reproducing the dry cover adopted in Caucaia Municipal Sanitary Landfill. The Column A was instrumented with three moisture sensors. For each column were executed two infiltration tests, measuring the percolated water volume. Furthermore, the saturation profile of the instrumented column (Column A) was obtained in the two tests. The resulting data of the experimental model demonstrated that de system with the MS70C30 mixture in the waterproof layer presented the best performance when analysing the reduction of water flux. The percolated water volume measured in this case was much lower than that obtained for the other two columns. The same material managed high levels of saturation, over 90% during almost the entire duration of tests, necessary condition to reduce biogas diffusivity in the system.