cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/c94b7b70-ab7e-4415-9b99-7f4a10e97c1c
title: Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, energy and water fluxes at a pasture, Yorkshire, UK, 2021-2023

description: The dataset includes 30-minute observations of land-atmosphere exchange of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange and sensible and latent heat measured over two years in a cut and grazed pasture in Yorkshire, UK. Fluxes were measured using the eddy covariance method.
description: Fluxes of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange, sensible heat, latent heat, atmospheric turbulence and sonic temperature were measured and averaged into 30-minute observations using a LI-COR LI-7200RS enclosed infrared CO2/H2O gas analyser and Gill Windmaster three-dimensional sonic anemometer. Energy fluxes were measured with an Apogee SN-500 net radiometer. Air temperature and relative humidity were measured using a Vaisala HMP155 temperature and humidity probe. Soil temperature and moisture were measured using a METER TEROS 11 temperature and moisture probe.

Data was logged with a Campbell Scientific CR1000X datalogger.

Fluxes were calculated using EddyPro7 V7.0.6 software.

Outliers were removed and gap-filling was done according to a standardized workflow. See the supporting information for more details.
DOI: 10.5285/fd7ca5ef-460a-463c-ad2b-5ad48bb4e22e
title: UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) stream water chemistry data: 1992-2015

description: Stream water chemistry data from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites. Variables measured include pH, conductivity, alkalinity, aluminium, calcium, chloride, ammonium, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorous, potassium, sulphate sulphur, sodium, total nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorous. The data are collected by dip samples at ECN's terrestrial sites (where there is a stream present) using a standard protocol. They represent continuous weekly records from 1992 to 2015. 

The sites at which these data are collected are: Cairngorms, Glensaugh, Moor House - Upper Teesdale, North Wyke, Rothamsted, Sourhope, Wytham and Y Wyddfa (Snowdon).

ECN is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. These organisations are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage. 
description: Water chemistry data from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites. These data are collected by dip samples at all of ECN's terrestrial sites (where there is a stream present) using a standard protocol. They represent continuous weekly records from 1992 to 2012. Temporal extent of the dataset represents the earliest date on which data was collected relating to this dataset, and does not necessarily represent the date that all sites included in this dataset initiated data collection. All data collected are managed by the ECN Data Centre at CEH Lancaster according to defined protocols (http://www.ecn.ac.uk/measurements/terrestrial/wc).
DOI: 10.5285/0854f2de-137f-472f-9c0c-9ae1f69e7f19
title: Egg laying locations from fruit flies in a social environment manipulation experiment 

description: This dataset contains data on egg laying rate and site choice of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies).
Data were collected from laboratory studies to investigate oviposition decisions in Drosophila melanogaster. We manipulated the social environment (flies kept in solitude, pairs, groups of four, or groups of eight) and observed egg locations over 24 hours to understand socially-driven changes in laying rates and site choices. These data were used in the model, to investigate whether location patterns differed significantly from a random null distribution. The model output list K (clustering preference) values produced from Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests run on each fly vial tested.
All data were collected at the University of Leeds, besides data on maternity of eggs which were collected at the University of East Anglia.
description: All data were collected from observation counts under laboratory settings from females kept in solitude, pairs, or groups of four or eight. Eggs were observed under a microscope, and counts were collected on paper and subsequently digitised.
DOI: 10.5285/ea43c2d1-88f5-4692-a09d-0ef4d96e0f35
title: Carbon and nitrogen content in soils and vegetation from calcareous grassland, heathland and woodland sites in Dorset, 2017-2018

description: This dataset contains carbon and nitrogen data from soils and vegetation from 13 calcareous grassland, 13 heathland and 12 woodland sites within Dorset, UK. The sites were selected to represent a range of habitat types across a condition gradient as measured by levels of degradation from the original habitat. The original habitats were identified as being calcareous grassland, heathland or woodland from a survey conducted in the 1930s. Within each site, 15cm deep soil cores were taken and analysed for total nitrogen, total carbon and bulk density. Within the same area for each site, vegetation samples were taken from five 50cm quadrats and separated into herbacous or shrub layers before analysis for total carbon, total nitrogen and dry weight. Heathland and calcareous grassland sites were visited in summer 2017 and woodland sites were visited in summer 2018.
description: Sample squares (50m x 50m plots) were randomly assigned within the original Good survey site prior to visit, using ArcGIS. Within each sample square, four 15cm deep soil cores were taken. Two were air dried and sieved through a 2mm soil sieve, amalgamated and analysed by Lancaster Laboratories, UKCEH for total carbon and total nitrogen. Bulk density was assessed in the additional two soil samples and averaged for the site. Vegetation samples were collected from five 50cm quadrats across the sample square. All layers of vegetation were sampled where they were present. All samples were dried and weighed. Dried vegetation was sent to the Centralised Lancaster Laboratories, UKCEH for analysis. Data were collected by experienced field ecologists, the same ecologists carried out all surveys. Data are consistent and reliable. Data were recorded into the spreadsheet as recorded in the field. Data were checked for any anomalies.
DOI: 10.5285/a763e254-c249-4934-b0fb-c3b808b37db6
title: Building, infrastructure, and river channel reaches in Chamoli district, India, following the ice-debris flow, February 2021

description: These data are GIS shapefiles which contain geospatial information describing the location and condition of bridges, buildings and roads in Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India, following the 7th February 2021 avalanche and debris flow hazard cascade (the so-called ‘Chamoli event’). The dataset also contains a GIS shapefile which contains polygon outlines supporting geomorphological analysis of change in river valleys between the avalanche source and the town of Joshimath. The latter is designed to be used in conjunction with the other data resources contained in this data collection.
description: The data were created by manual digitisation of GIS shapefiles (polygons and polylines) in ArcGIS Pro software (version 2.8). Existing satellite imagery were used as the reference data. Satellite imagery supporting building and infrastructure mapping was obtained by commercial satellite imagery vendor Maxar from their WorldView-3 Earth observation satellite under the terms of an agreement with a project partner as part of NASA High-Mountain Asia Grant 80NSSC20K1595. Data licencing terms prohibit sharing of these data in the public domain. We additionally used new Pléiades DEMs to support the creation of the geomorphological segment shapefiles. These data are included in the data collection.
DOI: 10.5285/e30ca77b-9118-4279-8b3a-a4c7773d1c43
title: Meteorological data and ammonia concentration and deposition rates from an ammonia enhancement experiment site, Glencorse, UK, 2021-2022

description: This dataset contains information about meteorological conditions and ammonia concentration and deposition rates resulting from an experimental setup. An NH3 enhancement experiment along with a full suite of multi-height meteorological measurements was established in a Birch woodland near Edinburgh, UK. Under suitable wind conditions measured at the meteorological tower, NH3 is released towards a monitoring transect. Along the downwind monitoring transect, NH3 concentrations in the air are measured using monthly passive samplers. Deposition rates are modelled using a bi-directional resistance model based on measured NH3 concentrations in the air, micrometeorology and plant physiology. Additionally, NH3 concentrations were measured at high temporal resolution at a fixed downwind distance from the source to achieve the target enhancement concentrations.

The work was supported by UKRI GCRF South Asian Nitrogen Hub (Grant NE/S009019/1) and NERC (Grant NE/R016429/1).
description: Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, total solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall were measured at four heights starting from the ground level to above-canopy. The measurements were made on a 16 m tall mast. Additionally, soil moisture, temperature and electric conductivity was measured at three depths. All instruments measured data every 20 seconds and the average was calculated over 15-minute intervals through a data logger. NH3 enhancement was conducted by releasing the gas from a pure anhydrous NH3 cylinder. A mass flow controller (MFC) released pre-programmed volume of NH3 under suitable wind conditions and the release volume and time is recorded on the datalogger at 1-minute intervals. The meteorological and NH3 enhancement data was checked visually, and any obvious errors introduced by instrument malfunctioning, datalogger programming issues and power cuts were removed. NH3 concentrations were measured downwind of the source using UKCEH Adapted Low-cost Passive High Absorption (ALPHA®) samplers and analysed monthly. NH3 concentrations not following the regular exponentially declining curve with distance from the source were removed. Monthly dry deposition of NH3 to different layers of the canopy was modelled using a bi-directional resistance model written in R. At a distance of 10 m downwind of the NH3 source, NH3 concentrations were measured using a Picarro high-resolution analyser at a frequency of 1 Hz and averaged over 1-minute intervals. The analyser had inlets at four different heights to understand the vertical movement of the gas. The analyser was operated as a part of two seasonal measurement campaigns. The data was checked visually and any obvious errors introduced by instrument malfunctioning, LabVIEW inlet switching programming issues and power cuts were removed. Gaps introduced during inlet switching were filled by linear interpolation.
DOI: 10.5285/f03cba75-8bca-4679-ae2a-77a9fcbd4df3
title: Countryside Survey 2007 estimates of Broad Habitat areas in Great Britain

description: This dataset consists of stock (area) data for Broad Habitats across Great Britain in 2007. The data are national estimates generated by analysing the sample data from 591 1km squares and scaling up to a national level. The data are summarized as habitat area per Land Class (areas of similar environmental characteristics). The sample sites are chosen from a stratified random sample, based on a 15 by 15 km grid of GB and using the 'ITE Land Classification' as a method of stratification. The data were collected as part of Countryside Survey, a unique study or 'audit' of the natural resources of the UK's countryside. The Survey has been carried out at regular intervals since 1978. The countryside is sampled and surveyed using rigorous scientific methods, allowing us to compare new results with those from previous surveys. In this way we can detect the gradual and subtle changes that occur in the UK's countryside over time. Surveys have been carried out in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007 with repeated visits to the majority of squares. In addition to habitat areas, vegetation species data, soil data, linear habitat data, and freshwater habitat data are also gathered by Countryside Survey.
description: The data were recorded using electronic data capture devices in the summer of 2007 by surveyors. Data were recorded from 591 1km squares sited across Britain, selected by random stratified sample. The areas of UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP). The data were used to generate national estimates of the stock of Broad Habitats for Great Britain using the standard Countryside Survey methodology (refer to the online documentation). Estimates are presented by ITE Land Class (2007 version).
DOI: 10.5285/f4db9cda-c25e-4ce8-b236-31e8bf44fcde
title: Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS) wave monitoring over saltmarsh and mudflat habitats

description: The dataset details derived wave parameters from bottom-mounted pressure monitoring installations across five UK salt marshes. Two of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England, each of these sites consisted of a saltmarsh area and adjacent mudflat area. The sensors were deployed in transects oriented approximately shore-normal and straddling the vegetated-unvegetated margin. 

This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme.
description: At each site a transect of Druck PDCR1830 pressure transducers was established to include the transition between vegetated and unvegetated foreshore areas. For each of the Essex sites eight transducers were deployed, while in Morecambe twelve constituted a transect. Transducers were attached to a Campbell CR1000 datalogger programmed to record at 4Hz at the top of the tide. Pressure data were subsequently processed following the method of Möller et al. (1999) to produce the output parameters mean water depth (hPT), spectrally-derived total spectral energy (EPT), spectrally-derived significant wave height (HsPT) and spectrally-derived peak wave period (TpPT). Records were subsequently filtered to remove those coinciding with known problems with equipment and those deemed to be breaking based on the calculated wave height to water depth ratio.
DOI: 10.5285/14c80b71-6eb6-4dba-a298-b95a37059f55
title: Water depth of the South Saskatchewan River, Canada, 2015-2017, measured by single beam echo sounder

description: Data were collected in 2015 and 2016 to provide information about spatial variations in water depth and river bed morphology (including bedform height) on the South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Water depth measurements were obtained with a Navisound NS 215 system and a Reson TC 2024 200kHz high-resolution dual frequency single beam echo sounder (SBES) operating at a sampling frequency of 10hz. Data were geolocated via a Leica 1230 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) dGPS system. 

Data were collected in 2015 (between 7th and 9th September) and 2016 (between 2nd and 14th September) as part of NERC project NE/L00738X/1.
description: Data were collected to provide information about spatial variations in water depth and river bed morphology (including bedform height). Water depth measurements were obtained with a Navisound NS 215 system and a Reson TC 2024 200 kHz high-resolution dual frequency single beam echo sounder (SBES) operating at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. Data were geolocated via a Leica 1230 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) dGPS system. All instruments were mounted on and operated from a small zodiac boat. Data samples represent the boat "track line" (i.e. the path followed by the boat in transit along the river). The data indicate the range of water depths in the South Saskatchewan River. Variations in water depth reflect both submerged large-scale bar forms and smaller scale dune bedforms. Data were collected in 2015 (between 7th and 9th September) and 2016 (between 2nd and 14th September). Data were filtered to remove spikes in the data and errors associated with water shallower than instrument measurement range.
DOI: 10.5285/6aeba247-52d1-4e84-949f-603742af40c1
title: Eurasian pollen data from 21 kiloannum to the present

description: This dataset contains fossil and modern pollen data collated during a workshop held in the UK in 2008 as part of the NERC (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System) QUEST programme. The 96 sampling sites are located from 24°E (western Ukraine and Belarus) to easternmost Siberia, and lie north of latitude 40°N. The sample ages range from 21ka to present and are assigned to 1,000 year time slices. The dataset has been checked for consistent taxonomy and a redundancy-free taxonomy has been produced. 
description: The pollen samples were collected and processed by the contributors who attended the workshop in 2008. The pollen was analysed (counted) by the individual contributors responsible for the sites. The data was entered into the database at the workshop with additional site information added where possible. The pollen data are in original counts (not percentage data).
DOI: 10.5285/2252d8a4-0ef3-403f-b2c3-3f7acbcac1d5
title: Ecosystem types and their respective ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (EDS) in the Luanhe River Basin, China

description: This dataset includes polygons representing ecosystem types (ET) and their respective ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (EDS) in the Luanhe River Basin, with attributes recording 14 ecosystem types (ET), 11 provisioning services (PS), ten regulating services (RS), five cultural services (CS), 7 Ecological integrity indicators (EI), and 11 ecosystem disservices (EDS).

description: ET in the LRB was derived from China’s National Land Use and Cover Change (CNLUCC) dataset produced by the Resources and Environmental Sciences Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The ecosystem services capacity matrix was then filled by 25 experts with extensive theoretical and practical knowledge of the local environment and/or ES were engaged in the research. ES and EDS scores were ranked from 0 to 5 to express the capacity of an ET to provide a specific ES/EDS. In addition to each ES/EDS score, the experts were asked to give a confidence index in their score for each ES/EDS and each ET from 1 to 3. This confidence index was used to estimate expert confidence in providing the capacity score.
DOI: 10.5285/2e245944-ee5b-4612-b866-cafa3a129270
title: Abundance of pollinators and diversity of bees in Ghana and the effect of urbanisation and management practices

description: Data consists of abundance counts and diversity of pollinators  collected in Ghana. Pollinators were sampled with pan-traps between August and November 2016 in 126 greenspaces spread over an urbanisation gradient and three management practices (amenity lands, farmed sites and informal greenspaces) around Sunyani and Techiman, Ghana. All insects were identified to order in the field. Samples were stored in 70% alcohol before being pinned for identification. Bees and wasps were pinned and differentiated with microscopy based on Goulet and Hubert (1993). Bees were subsequently identified with microscopy to morpho-species following Eardley, Kuhlmann and Pauly (2010).
description: Bee functional diversity was determined based on the literature through a selection of traits relevant for pollinators, namely habitat, pollen specialisation, nesting behaviour, body size (inter-tegula distance measured on all specimens with a caliper), tongue length and sociality.

Habitats were described by a visual estimation of the proportion of six habitat features in a 200m radius around the sampling site, namely unmanaged ground vegetation, regularly mown or grazed vegetation, shrub layer vegetation, tree layer vegetation, bare ground and concrete. We estimated the floral resources in a 1m circle around the pan-trap by (1) counting the flowering plant species richness, (2) estimating each species' flower head surface and (3) counting flower head abundance. Identification and analysis were carried out at the University of Leeds, 2017.
DOI: 10.5285/3a813bd9-59ae-476e-a170-ab83fe1587b2
title: Morphometric measurements relating to 177 macro-moth species collected in the UK, 2017

description: A collection of six morphometric measurements (forewing length, body length, thorax length, thorax width, abdomen length, and abdomen width) relating to the 177 macro-moth species sampled by two Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS) light traps (Bentley Wood and Porton Down III) from 33 days across 2017 (11-14 & 31 May; 1, 14-21 & 25-27 June; and 1-11, 17-18, and 24-26 July). 
description: Since the RIS light-trap network does not collect and store physical samples, our morphometric trait database was primarily constructed using images of these 177 macro-moth species, namely digitised specimens from the collection of the Natural History Museum, London (NHM). Measurements were taken from 5 randomly-selected digitised specimens per species using ImageJ software. Where significant sexual dimorphism was present within a species, 5 specimens were randomly selected per sex per species.
For macro-moth species without digitised records from the NHM, measurements were taken from the (to scale) photographic colour plates within Skinner, B. 2009. Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles. 3rd ed. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books, using Duratool digital callipers (resolution: 0.1mm; accuracy: ±0.2mm).