cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127781
title: Supplementary Material for: Does It Matter Who Provides Psychological Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms? A Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are difficult to treat and cause high health-care costs. Psychological interventions might be a beneficial option for treating patients with MUS, but evidence is inconsistent. This meta-analysis compares the effectiveness of psychological interventions for MUS - delivered either by psychotherapists (PTs) or by general practitioners (GPs) - with that of usual care. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions for MUS. Physical symptoms were the primary outcome, and physical functioning and psychological symptoms were the secondary outcomes. We pooled between-group effect sizes (ESs) after the treatment and at the follow-up in random-effects meta-regressions and stratified meta-analyses. We repeated these analyses with the intervention provider, intervention dose, MUS severity and methodological quality as predictors of relative intervention effects. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 3,225 patients in 20 studies were analysed. After the treatment, small and significant ESs were found for all 3 outcome domains (ES range: 0.13-0.19, all p &lt; 0.05). Psychological interventions were more beneficial for physical symptoms when delivered by PTs than by GPs (p = 0.02). There was no difference between PTs and GPs in terms of physical functioning and psychological symptoms. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Psychological interventions are effective for patients with MUS, but the effects are small and most likely of short duration. Interventions that are delivered by PTs appear to have larger effects on unexplained physical symptoms than those delivered by GPs. Whether this superiority is due to a larger number of sessions of PT interventions remains unclear from our findings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127787.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit in Vicenza (IRRIV) Score

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> One of the top research priorities in acute kidney injury is related to the timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation. The purpose was to develop an index that might serve as a standardized concept of timing of initiation of RRT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A previously described database was used. We applied a multivariable Cox regression model with backward selection to characterize parameters present in those patients who received RRT compared with those who did not receive RRT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We studied 590 patients. We identified independent risk factors for RRT and a risk score was devised. The Area Under the Curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.86) for predicting the need for RRT. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We have developed a simple Score (IRRIV Score) to identify patients at high risk of requiring RRT. This score may serve as a standardized definition of the timing of initiation of RRT.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127784
title: Supplementary Material for: Low Dose of Clonazepam Is Effective in the Treatment of Painless Legs and Moving Toes Syndrome: A Case Report

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Painless legs and moving toes syndrome (PoLMT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and torsion of toes in the absence of pain. It is considered a variant of painful legs and moving toes syndrome, which is characterized by similar movements but is accompanied by pain. Although neuropathy, spinal cord compression, brain tumor, cerebral infarction, and Wilson's disease have been reported to be associated with PoLMT, the actual cause, trigger, and mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, a standardized treatment for PoLMT is not established yet. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We describe a 64-year-old Japanese woman with no past medical history who presented with nonrhythmic repetitive involuntary toe movement of the left foot in the absence of pain. She was diagnosed with idiopathic PoLMT and treated with a low dose of clonazepam (0.5 mg/day). The involuntary movement disappeared completely several days after treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A low dose of clonazepam is effective in the treatment of PoLMT.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127775
title: Supplementary Material for: Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Treatment Decreases Frequencies of CD16-Positive and TNF-α-Secreting Monocytes in Asthmatic Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Previously, we demonstrated that glucocorticoid (GC) treatment of asthmatic patients resulted in decreasing frequencies of monocyte subsets expressing CD16 and capable of releasing TNF-α. Here, we wished to analyze whether the active form of vitamin D, i.e. vitamin D<sub>3</sub>, referred to as 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> [1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>] can exert GC-like proapoptotic effects on CD16-positive monocytes and thus decrease the proinflammatory potential of these cells. Finally, we set out to investigate whether the addition of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> would facilitate the use of lower doses of GC without decreasing their anti-inflammatory properties. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy individuals and asthmatic patients were cultured with 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and/or varying doses of GC in the presence or absence of caspase inhibition. The cells were either directly stained for extracellular markers or prestimulated with lipopolysaccharide for the assessment of intracellular cytokine production and then analyzed by flow cytometry. <b><i>Results: </i></b>We found that 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> alone (and in combination with GC) decreased the frequency of CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocytes from asthmatic patients and significantly diminished TNF-α production by the monocytes. With regard to the CD14+CD16++ subset, the monocyte-depleting effects of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> were abrogated in the presence of pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting a proapoptotic mechanism of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> action. Interestingly, we found that a combined treatment of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and GC allowed for a 5-fold reduction of the GC dose while maintaining their anti-inflammatory effects. <b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>This study has revealed novel immunomodulatory properties of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> directed against monocyte subsets capable of TNF-α production. In addition, our data suggest that the introduction of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> to anti-inflammatory therapy would possibly allow for the use of lower doses of GC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127778
title: Supplementary Material for: Monosodium L-Glutamate and Dietary Fat Differently Modify the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Growing Pigs

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>The Chinese have been undergone rapid transition to a high-fat diet-consuming lifestyle, while monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a daily food additive. It has been reported that fat alters the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, little information is available on the effects of oral MSG on intestinal microbiota, and no study was done focusing on the interaction effect of fat and MSG with respect to intestinal microbiota. The present study thus aimed to determine the effects of MSG and/or fat on intestinal microbiota, and also to identify possible interactions between these two nutrients. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were provided to growing pigs. The microbiota from jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were analyzed. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Our results show that both MSG and fat clearly increased the intestinal microbiota diversity. MSG and fat modified the composition of intestinal microbiota, particularly in the colon. Both MSG and fat promoted the colonization of microbes related to energy extraction in gastrointestinal tract via different ways. MSG promoted the colonization of <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii </i>and <i>Roseburia</i>, while fat increased the percentage of <i>Prevotella</i> in colon and other intestinal segments. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>Our results will help to understand how individual or combined dietary changes modify the microbiota composition to prevent obesity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127781.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Does It Matter Who Provides Psychological Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms? A Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are difficult to treat and cause high health-care costs. Psychological interventions might be a beneficial option for treating patients with MUS, but evidence is inconsistent. This meta-analysis compares the effectiveness of psychological interventions for MUS - delivered either by psychotherapists (PTs) or by general practitioners (GPs) - with that of usual care. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions for MUS. Physical symptoms were the primary outcome, and physical functioning and psychological symptoms were the secondary outcomes. We pooled between-group effect sizes (ESs) after the treatment and at the follow-up in random-effects meta-regressions and stratified meta-analyses. We repeated these analyses with the intervention provider, intervention dose, MUS severity and methodological quality as predictors of relative intervention effects. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 3,225 patients in 20 studies were analysed. After the treatment, small and significant ESs were found for all 3 outcome domains (ES range: 0.13-0.19, all p &lt; 0.05). Psychological interventions were more beneficial for physical symptoms when delivered by PTs than by GPs (p = 0.02). There was no difference between PTs and GPs in terms of physical functioning and psychological symptoms. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Psychological interventions are effective for patients with MUS, but the effects are small and most likely of short duration. Interventions that are delivered by PTs appear to have larger effects on unexplained physical symptoms than those delivered by GPs. Whether this superiority is due to a larger number of sessions of PT interventions remains unclear from our findings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127784.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Low Dose of Clonazepam Is Effective in the Treatment of Painless Legs and Moving Toes Syndrome: A Case Report

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Painless legs and moving toes syndrome (PoLMT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and torsion of toes in the absence of pain. It is considered a variant of painful legs and moving toes syndrome, which is characterized by similar movements but is accompanied by pain. Although neuropathy, spinal cord compression, brain tumor, cerebral infarction, and Wilson's disease have been reported to be associated with PoLMT, the actual cause, trigger, and mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, a standardized treatment for PoLMT is not established yet. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We describe a 64-year-old Japanese woman with no past medical history who presented with nonrhythmic repetitive involuntary toe movement of the left foot in the absence of pain. She was diagnosed with idiopathic PoLMT and treated with a low dose of clonazepam (0.5 mg/day). The involuntary movement disappeared completely several days after treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A low dose of clonazepam is effective in the treatment of PoLMT.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127766
title: Supplementary Material for: A Bagged, Partially Linear, Tree-Based Regression Procedure for Prediction and Variable Selection

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> In genomics, variable selection and prediction accounting for the complex interrelationships between explanatory variables represent major challenges. Tree-based methods are powerful alternatives to classical regression models. We have recently proposed the generalized, partially linear, tree-based regression (GPLTR) procedure that integrates the advantages of generalized linear regression (allowing the incorporation of confounding variables) and of tree-based models. In this work, we use bagging to address a classical concern of tree-based methods: their instability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We present a bagged GPLTR procedure and three scores for variable importance. The prediction accuracy and the performance of the scores are assessed by simulation. The use of this procedure is exemplified by the analysis of a lung cancer data set. The aim is to predict the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation based on gene expression measurements, taking into account the ethnicity (confounder variable) and perform variable selection. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The procedure performs well in terms of prediction accuracy. The scores differentiate predictive variables from noise variables. Based on a lung adenocarcinoma data set, the procedure achieves good predictive performance for EGFR mutation and selects relevant genes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The proposed bagged GPLTR procedure performs well for prediction and variable selection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127763
title: Supplementary Material for: Novel Splice Site Mutation in MAMLD1 in a Patient with Hypospadias

description: <i>MAMLD1</i> is a causative gene for disorders of sex development. Several <i>MAMLD1</i> mutations have been shown to cause hypospadias by generating dysfunctional proteins and/or unstable mRNAs. Here, we identified an intronic mutation of <i>MAMLD1</i> (g.IVS4−2A&gt;G) in 1 of 180 hypospadias patients. RT-PCR of the patient's skin sample showed normal expression of full-length<i> MAMLD1</i> and markedly reduced expression of a known splice variant lacking exon 4. A hitherto unreported splice variant that lacks exon 5 was similarly identified in samples of the patient and control individuals. The full-length transcript of the patient contained mutant mRNA lacking the first 10 nucleotides of exon 5 (c.1822_1831delACTCATGTAG, p.K609fsX1070). In vitro assays using cells expressing the full-length wild-type and mutant proteins revealed reduced expression of the mutant. The expression of the wild-type and mutant MAMLD1 showed parallel changes upon treatment with a proteasome inhibitor and a translation inhibitor. The mutant-expressing cells exerted low transactivation activity for the <i>Hes3</i> promoter, which reflected limited expression of the mutant protein. These results imply that the pathogenic events resulting from <i>MAMLD1</i> mutations include splice errors. Furthermore, this study raises the possibility of translation failure of MAMLD1 mutants, which deserves further investigation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127775.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Treatment Decreases Frequencies of CD16-Positive and TNF-α-Secreting Monocytes in Asthmatic Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Previously, we demonstrated that glucocorticoid (GC) treatment of asthmatic patients resulted in decreasing frequencies of monocyte subsets expressing CD16 and capable of releasing TNF-α. Here, we wished to analyze whether the active form of vitamin D, i.e. vitamin D<sub>3</sub>, referred to as 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> [1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>] can exert GC-like proapoptotic effects on CD16-positive monocytes and thus decrease the proinflammatory potential of these cells. Finally, we set out to investigate whether the addition of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> would facilitate the use of lower doses of GC without decreasing their anti-inflammatory properties. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy individuals and asthmatic patients were cultured with 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and/or varying doses of GC in the presence or absence of caspase inhibition. The cells were either directly stained for extracellular markers or prestimulated with lipopolysaccharide for the assessment of intracellular cytokine production and then analyzed by flow cytometry. <b><i>Results: </i></b>We found that 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> alone (and in combination with GC) decreased the frequency of CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocytes from asthmatic patients and significantly diminished TNF-α production by the monocytes. With regard to the CD14+CD16++ subset, the monocyte-depleting effects of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> were abrogated in the presence of pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting a proapoptotic mechanism of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> action. Interestingly, we found that a combined treatment of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and GC allowed for a 5-fold reduction of the GC dose while maintaining their anti-inflammatory effects. <b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>This study has revealed novel immunomodulatory properties of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> directed against monocyte subsets capable of TNF-α production. In addition, our data suggest that the introduction of 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> to anti-inflammatory therapy would possibly allow for the use of lower doses of GC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127763.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Novel Splice Site Mutation in MAMLD1 in a Patient with Hypospadias

description: <i>MAMLD1</i> is a causative gene for disorders of sex development. Several <i>MAMLD1</i> mutations have been shown to cause hypospadias by generating dysfunctional proteins and/or unstable mRNAs. Here, we identified an intronic mutation of <i>MAMLD1</i> (g.IVS4−2A&gt;G) in 1 of 180 hypospadias patients. RT-PCR of the patient's skin sample showed normal expression of full-length<i> MAMLD1</i> and markedly reduced expression of a known splice variant lacking exon 4. A hitherto unreported splice variant that lacks exon 5 was similarly identified in samples of the patient and control individuals. The full-length transcript of the patient contained mutant mRNA lacking the first 10 nucleotides of exon 5 (c.1822_1831delACTCATGTAG, p.K609fsX1070). In vitro assays using cells expressing the full-length wild-type and mutant proteins revealed reduced expression of the mutant. The expression of the wild-type and mutant MAMLD1 showed parallel changes upon treatment with a proteasome inhibitor and a translation inhibitor. The mutant-expressing cells exerted low transactivation activity for the <i>Hes3</i> promoter, which reflected limited expression of the mutant protein. These results imply that the pathogenic events resulting from <i>MAMLD1</i> mutations include splice errors. Furthermore, this study raises the possibility of translation failure of MAMLD1 mutants, which deserves further investigation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127766.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A Bagged, Partially Linear, Tree-Based Regression Procedure for Prediction and Variable Selection

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> In genomics, variable selection and prediction accounting for the complex interrelationships between explanatory variables represent major challenges. Tree-based methods are powerful alternatives to classical regression models. We have recently proposed the generalized, partially linear, tree-based regression (GPLTR) procedure that integrates the advantages of generalized linear regression (allowing the incorporation of confounding variables) and of tree-based models. In this work, we use bagging to address a classical concern of tree-based methods: their instability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We present a bagged GPLTR procedure and three scores for variable importance. The prediction accuracy and the performance of the scores are assessed by simulation. The use of this procedure is exemplified by the analysis of a lung cancer data set. The aim is to predict the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation based on gene expression measurements, taking into account the ethnicity (confounder variable) and perform variable selection. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The procedure performs well in terms of prediction accuracy. The scores differentiate predictive variables from noise variables. Based on a lung adenocarcinoma data set, the procedure achieves good predictive performance for EGFR mutation and selects relevant genes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The proposed bagged GPLTR procedure performs well for prediction and variable selection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127769
title: Supplementary Material for: Microhabitat Use Affects Brain Size and Structure in Intertidal Gobies

description: The ecological cognition hypothesis poses that the brains and behaviours of individuals are largely shaped by the environments in which they live and the associated challenges they must overcome during their lives. Here we examine the effect of environmental complexity on relative brain size in 4 species of intertidal gobies from differing habitats. Two species were rock pool specialists that lived on spatially complex rocky shores, while the remainder lived on dynamic, but structurally simple, sandy shores. We found that rock pool-dwelling species had relatively larger brains and telencephalons in particular, while sand-dwelling species had a larger optic tectum and hypothalamus. In general, it appears that various fish species trade off neural investment in specific brain lobes depending on the environment in which they live. Our previous research suggests that rock pool species have greater spatial learning abilities, enabling them to navigate their spatially complex environment, which may account for their enlarged telencephalon, while sand-dwelling species likely have a reduced need for spatial learning, due to their spatially simple habitat, and a greater need for visual acuity. The dorsal medulla and cerebellum size was unaffected by the habitat in which the fish lived, but there were differences between species indicative of species-specific trade-offs in neural investment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127754
title: Supplementary Material for: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Expression as a Biomarker of Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is involved in the development and progression of tumor angio-/lymphangiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether VEGF-C expression is an indicator of aggressiveness and poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). <b><i>Method:</i></b> A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between VEGF-C expression with clinicopathological characteristics and survival of ESCC patients. The dataset was defined by searching PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database for appropriate articles published until April 2014. <b><i>Result:</i></b> The final analysis was made from 9 studies, including 656 ESCC patients. Positive VEGF-C expression was defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or mRNA expression analysis. The results demonstrated that VEGF-C expression was significantly associated with advanced-stage disease (odds ratio (OR) = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37-3.84, P = 0.002), deeper tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and lymphatic invasion. The 5-year survival of VEGF-C expression-negative patients was found to be better than that of VEGF-C expression-positive patients (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.21-0.58, P &lt; 0.0001). However, there was no significant association between the VEGF-C expression levels and either poorer tumor differentiation or vascular invasion. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results of the meta-analysis strongly indicate that VEGF-C expression could function as a marker for predicting the aggressiveness and prognosis of ESCC.