DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvf3k
title: Validation of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug survey in Washington, Utah, North Carolina, and California

description: Invasive species are particularly problematic because it is often
 difficult to eradicate once established, it is crucial to economically and
 effectively allocate resources for early monitoring and eradication
 programs. Given that the cost to manage an invasive species after it is
 established is typically 10-15 times higher (or more) than the cost to
 eradicate the species early during an invasion, the failure to effectively
 allocate resources for monitoring remains a major impediment to effective
 invasive species management. Ecological niche models are often used to
 predict the distribution of invasive species before or after they have
 been detected in new regions. Such models should also be used to guide
 surveys to promote the early detection and eradication of invasive
 species. Here we propose a practical framework that seamlessly uses
 ecological niche models to develop sampling routes that promote detection
 of invasive species. Our framework uses habitat suitability predictions
 and occurrence data on incursion populations to generate potential survey
 sites, which are then prioritized for sampling based on their size and
 suitability. The generated survey route is then displayed on an open
 street map platform. Our framework was developed into the “enmRoute” R
 package and a user-friendly website to facilitate its application, and we
 validated our framework with a case study. We show that integrating
 ecological niche models with human transport routes promotes the
 identification of survey sites that are predicted to collect more
 individuals and have a greater potential for species detection than
 traditional sampling approaches. The data provided here is intended to
 validate our platform and to optimize the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
 survey in Washington, Utah, North Carolina, and California. The habitat
 suitability predictions for this stinkbug and detection in these four
 states were provided, together with the scripts that were used to generate
 survey routes.
description: In our framework, candidate survey sites are assembled from
 occurrence data on incursion populations and habitat suitability models.
 The logistics of surveying these sites are then determined by linking
 habitat suitability predictions with data on human transport pathways
 (i.e., roads) to generate a survey route. Our framework requires that a
 habitat suitability model has been created for a species in question,
 whereas the inclusion of incursion populations is optional and depends on
 whether the invasive species has been established in survey areas. The
 most common method to create a habitat suitability model is to relate
 occurrence records to environmental variables. Ecological niche models are
 often used in invasion risk assessment because model development packages
 have been created that can be readily used to identify areas of potential
 establishment. We used <em>H. halys</em> to
 demonstrate and validate that our framework could be employed for
 promoting the selection of sites to collect a maximum number of
 individuals for a given number of survey sites compared to routes designed
 without ecological niche models. To monitor the spread of this species, a
 standardized monitoring network was established in 17 states from 2017 to
 2020. We used data from states that had extensive sampling in the western
 US: Washington, California, and Utah, for validating survey routes from
 our heuristic algorithm. In each state, <em>H. halys</em> were
 sampled with sticky panel traps baited with lures spaced at 50 m intervals
 and collected every two weeks. We standardized the counts for modeling
 analyses as average <em>H. halys</em> adults per trap per
 week.
description: # Validation of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Survey in Washington, Utah,
 North Carolina, and California DOI:
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvf3k](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvf3k) ## Description of the data and file structure: enmRoute could seamlessly employ habitat suitability predictions for planning field surveys. The aim of this package is to use ecological niche model habitat suitability predictions to plan the field survey of invasive species in an expected area. Our platform would promote detection and facilitate earlier eradication programs in invasive species management. We hypothesize that field surveys that account for habitat suitability predictions could promote field collections and capture more individuals in the field. Our model-based survey route accounts for habitat suitability predictions and uses practicable driving time/distance to optimize survey efforts, we hope that this package and its accompanying shiny ([https://losorio.shinyapps.io/enmroute](https://losorio.shinyapps.io/enmroute)) will help field biologists design sampling routes for regional and national surveys. The data provided here is intended to validate our platform and to optimize the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Survey in Washington, Utah, North Carolina, and California. The data include habitat suitability predictions for this stinkbug and detection in these four states were provided. The habitat suitability predictions are GIS raster data (i.e., asc format), they can be read and manipulated in terra package and any GIS software, this suitability prediction can be attained from an ecological niche model. The detection data are distributional data (i.e., two columns of longitude and latitude), where the stinkbug was detected (i.e., csv format). These data were served as input data for running our model, We also provide R scripts that can be used to generate survey routes for stinkbugs in these states. ### Column information in csv data scientific name: scientific name of species longitude: longitude of the collection site latitude: latitude of collection site Year: The year when the stinkbugs were collected State: US state where the stinkbugs were collected Site_ID: the collection site ID Crop: crop type where the stink bugs were collected Total: total individuals were collected Adults_tra: number of individuals collected per trap Adults_t_1: number of individuals collected per trap per day ## Sharing/Access information These data are also available at [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5R8PZ](https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5R8PZ) ## Code/Software R is required to run the script which was created using version 4.2.3. Annotations are provided throughout the script through 1) library loading, 2) dataset loading and cleaning, 3) analyses, and 4) figure creation.