cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48322/v4nk-nm48
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: ODG, Latitude 14, Longitude 359

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jkec8e
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3376 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Poecilia sphenops",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is MANAGED"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is not null"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "OccurrenceStatus" : [
 "is not null"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3376 records from 80 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012850-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.byjmkz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 47 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Spatuloricaria tuira",
 "DecimalLatitude is not null",
 "DecimalLongitude is not null"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 47 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012851-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48322/fzcm-ym15
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Ottawa, QC, Canada: OTT, Latitude 45, Longitude 284

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.18738/t8/i09wdb
title: Biodegradable Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(silyl fumarate) Shape Memory Scaffolds

description: Compiled data files and images for Polymer. Submission (2025-11-04)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ae44en
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 10517 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "PublishingCountry is Colombia",
 {
 "and" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 {
 "not" : {
 "Issue" : [
 "is Country coordinate mismatch"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "and" : [
 "StateProvince is one of (Meta)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pelecaniformes [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy], Thraupidae [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy], Tyrannidae [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy], Passeriformes [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy], Aves [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy], Chordata [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy], Animalia [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy])",
 "GadmGid is one of (COL.21_2, COL.21.28_2, COL.21.22_2, COL.21.1_2)"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset's 10517 records were derived from 498 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012823-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48322/fzkh-sk04
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Orroral, Australia: ORR, Latitude -36, Longitude 149

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.15468/wfrvms
title: Systematic list of the epibiotic taxa associated with scallop shells from the Digby area of the Bay of Fundy

description: Scallop shells are often colonized by a variety of epibionts to both deleterious and advantageous effect. In June 1998, samples were collected during the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) scallop stock survey of scallop production areas SPA4 and SPA1 in the Bay of Fundy. 

Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus Gmelin, 1791) with epibiotic growth were sampled at stations selected to represent each of four bottom types (rock, gravel, shell hash, sand). All organisms attached to the shell or other organisms within the epifaunal community were identified and quantified where possible. This resource contains only the presence/absence of epibionts associated with this study (Magee et al, 2000).

The information associated with this study was standardized and republished as part of the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information Steering Committee (ACZISC) Atlantic Ecosystem Initiative (AEI) funded project “Atlantic Canada’s Biological Data for Ecosystem Planning and Decision-making” and OBIS Canada.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.keajwr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Breizacanthus chabaudi",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012852-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.48322/ydbs-bx04
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Kwajalein, Marshall Islands: KWA, Latitude 9, Longitude 168

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18626067
title: rCRUX Generated Elas02 Reference Database

description: rCRUX-generated reference database using NCBI nt blast database downloaded in July 2024.

Primer Name:  Elas02Gene:   mitochondrial 12S rRNALength of Target:    ~170-185

Primer Reference:  Taberlet, P., Bonin, A., Zinger, L., Coissac, E., 2018. Environmental DNA: For biodiversity research and monitoring. Environmental DNA: For Biodiversity Research and Monitoring, 1–253.

Elas02-f, 5’-3’: GTTGGTHAATCTCGTGCCAGCElas02-r, 5’-3’: CATAGTAGGGTATCTAATCCTAGTTTG

Default rCRUX parameters were chosen for get_seeds_local() and blast_seeds().
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18626068
title: rCRUX Generated Elas02 Reference Database

description: rCRUX-generated reference database using NCBI nt blast database downloaded in July 2024.

Primer Name:  Elas02Gene:   mitochondrial 12S rRNALength of Target:    ~170-185

Primer Reference:  Taberlet, P., Bonin, A., Zinger, L., Coissac, E., 2018. Environmental DNA: For biodiversity research and monitoring. Environmental DNA: For Biodiversity Research and Monitoring, 1–253.

Elas02-f, 5’-3’: GTTGGTHAATCTCGTGCCAGCElas02-r, 5’-3’: CATAGTAGGGTATCTAATCCTAGTTTG

Default rCRUX parameters were chosen for get_seeds_local() and blast_seeds().
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kmyxkc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 582 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1900",
 "TaxonKey is Dinebra retroflexa"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 582 records from 68 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012854-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48322/q83m-e423
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Las Palmas, Canary Island, Spain: CNA, Latitude 28, Longitude 345

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b4etvv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Morisonia speciosa",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012855-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48322/441g-s641
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Kourou, French Guyana: KRU, Latitude 5, Longitude 307

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bjj5ys
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2415 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Plumeria rubra",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2415 records from 211 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012856-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kyvfch
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6580 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Umbra limi",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is MANAGED"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is not null"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "OccurrenceStatus" : [
 "is not null"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6580 records from 53 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012857-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48322/hk65-p073
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Johannesburg, South Africa: BUR, Latitude -26, Longitude 28

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zx3gqw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Spectracanthicus immaculatus",
 "DecimalLatitude is not null",
 "DecimalLongitude is not null"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012858-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qnft7y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Breizacanthus golvani",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012859-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.48322/hyd0-e376
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Kerguelen Island, France: KER, Latitude -49, Longitude 70

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.48322/frr5-xs02
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Kashima, Japan: KSH, Latitude 36, Longitude 141

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.48322/rfh4-sh22
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Lauder, New Zealand: LAU, Latitude -45, Longitude 170

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jggrze
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Morisonia tweedieana",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012860-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48322/5h5w-fq61
title: ISIS-2 Topside Sounder Average Ionogram over Ascension Island, United Kingdom: ACN, Latitude -8, Longitude 346

description: These Ionograms were digitized from the original ISIS-2 7-Track Analog Telemetry Tapes using the Facilities of the former Data Evaluation Laboratory at the NASA/GSFC. This Data Restoration Project is headed by Dr. R.F. Benson (NASA/GSFC). Ionograms were digitized at the Rate of 40,000 16-bit samples/s. This Sample Rate is higher than the Nyquist Frequency of 30 kHz. The Sample Frequency of 40 kHz provides a Measurement every 25 µs corresponding to an Apparent Range Interval equal to 3.75 km from c*t/2, where c is the Speed of Light. Ionograms with this Sample Rate are designated as 'Full' Ionograms because they have the full 3.75 km Apparent-Range Resolution. The Ionograms used for most Analyses, and those available from CDAWeb, were produced by averaging every four Samples of the Sounder-Receiver Video Amplitude Output to yield an average Value every 100 µs corresponding to an Apparent-Range Resolution of 15 km. These Ionogram Files are referred to as 'Average' Files with Standard Resolution. Each Ionogram consists of a Fixed-Frequency Portion and a Swept-Frequency Portion. The Time Resolution between Ionograms is typically 14 or 22 s depending on the Frequency Sweep Range.