cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pzgmsbcm0
title: The impulse response of optic flow sensitive descending neurons to roll m-sequences

description: When animals move through the world, their own movements generate
 widefield optic flow across their eyes. In insects, such widefield motion
 is encoded by optic lobe neurons. These lobula plate tangential cells
 (LPTCs) synapse with optic flow-sensitive descending neurons, which in
 turn project to areas that control neck, wing, and leg movements. As the
 descending neurons play a role in sensorimotor transformation, it is
 important to understand their spatio-temporal response properties. Recent
 work shows that a relatively fast and efficient way to quantify such
 response properties is to use m-sequences or other white noise techniques.
 Therefore, here we used m-sequences to quantify the impulse responses of
 optic flow-sensitive descending neurons in male Eristalis tenax
 hoverflies. We focused on roll impulse responses as hoverflies perform
 exquisite head roll stabilizing reflexes, and the descending neurons
 respond particularly well to roll. We found that the roll impulse
 responses were fast, peaking after 16.5–18.0 ms. This is similar to the
 impulse response time to peak (18.3 ms) to widefield horizontal motion
 recorded in hoverfly LPTCs. We found that the roll impulse response
 amplitude scaled with the size of the stimulus impulse, and that its shape
 could be affected by the addition of constant velocity roll or lift. For
 example, the roll impulse response became faster and stronger with the
 addition of excitatory stimuli, and vice versa. We also found that the
 roll impulse response had a long return to baseline, which was
 significantly and substantially reduced by the addition of either roll or
 lift.
description: Extracellular electrophysiology of descending neurons in male
 <em>Eristalis tenax </em>hoverflies. Spike sorted to get
 responses from type 2 optic flow sensitive descending neurons, likely
 homolog of DNOVS2. The impulse responses have been extracted using
 m-sequences, and scripts provided (see ReadMe file).
description: Please read the ReadMe file, which explains the details of the
 content of the submitted folders. Briefly:
 "AnalyzedData" contains the filters and extracted
 parameters shown in the different figures.
 "Code" folder, which contains all code used in the
 paper and a separate ReadMe file for how to use the code.
 "PrimFiles" contains the AnalyzedData in prism files,
 organized in the way they are displayed in the paper.
 "RawData" folder which contains the raw data from each
 neuron, where each data file has been merged with the parameters from its
 corresponding trial. "SuppInfo" contains the
 prism file for the data shown in the Supp Figure.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xd2547dgp
title: Ceratopteris richardii - effects of male gametophyte experience on conversion time

description: This spreadsheet contains data used for three experiments involving
 gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii.  The first sheet
 contains the number of hermaphrodite and male gametophytes by treatment
 (volume of her1 spores added).  Derived variables, by treatment,
 include total gametophytes and percentage of hermaphrodites.  The
 second sheet contains the size of males at transfer and the number of days
 it took transferred males to convert to hermaphrodite.  Data are
 organized by age of males at transfer and volume of her1 spores with which
 males were grown. 
description: Male areas were determined using Infinity Analyze (Lumenera
 Corporation). Counts of males and hermaphrodites were
 performed using a dissecting microscope.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5hqbzkpj
title: Long-term dietary flavonoid intake and subjective cognitive decline in US men and women

description: Objective: To prospectively examine the associations between long-term
 dietary flavonoids and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: We
 followed 49,493 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1984-2006) and
 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)
 (1986-2002). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations
 between dietary flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols,
 anthocyanins, polymeric flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) and subsequent
 SCD. For the NHS, long-term average dietary intake was calculated from
 seven repeated food frequency questionnaires (SFFQs), and SCD was assessed
 in 2012 and 2014. For the HPFS, average dietary intake was calculated from
 five repeated SFFQs, and SCD assessed in 2008 and 2012. Results: Higher
 intake of total flavonoids was associated with lower odds of SCD after
 adjusting for age, total energy intake, major non-dietary factors, and
 specific dietary factors. Comparing the highest versus the lowest
 quintiles of total flavonoid intake, the pooled multivariable-adjusted
 odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of 3-unit increments in SCD was 0.81
 (0.76, 0.89). In the pooled results, the strongest associations were
 observed for flavones (OR=0.62 [0.57, 0.68]), flavanones (0.64 [0.58,
 0.68)]), and anthocyanins (0.76 [0.72, 0.84]) (p trend &lt;0.0001 for
 all groups). The dose-response curve was steepest for flavones, followed
 by anthocyanins. Many flavonoid-rich foods, such as strawberries, oranges,
 grapefruits, citrus juices, apples/pears, celery, peppers, and bananas,
 were significantly associated with lower odds of SCD. Conclusion: Our
 findings support a benefit of higher flavonoid intakes for maintaining
 cognitive function in US men and women.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnd8
title: Data from: The stoichiometric signature of high-frequency fire in forest floor food webs

description: Fire regimes are shifting under climate change. Decadal-scale shifts in
 fire regime can disrupt the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen
 (N), and phosphorus (P) within forest ecosystems, but the full extent of
 these disruptions is unknown. It is also unclear whether these disruptions
 have consequences for the ecological characteristics (e.g., biomass,
 abundance, and composition) of microbial and invertebrate communities,
 which together comprise the majority of terrestrial biodiversity and
 underpin many ecosystem processes. The theoretical framework of ecological
 stoichiometry has great potential in this context, but it has rarely been
 used to develop an integrated understanding of the biogeochemical and
 ecological effects of altered fire regime across trophic levels. Using one
 of the world’s longest-running fire experiments, located in Queensland,
 Australia, we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the
 stoichiometric consequences of a decadal-scale divergence in prescribed
 fire frequency and their links to coinciding changes in various structural
 characteristics of forest floor microbial and invertebrate communities.
 Forty-three years of biennial burning led to significantly N-depleted
 and/or P-enriched stoichiometry in soil, leaf litter, leaf
 litter-associated microbial biomass, and certain groups of invertebrates
 (significant effect sizes ranging 27–36%), although total invertebrate
 community stoichiometry was unaffected. Microbial biomass was 42% lower in
 biennially burned soils. Invertebrate community composition differed
 between fire regime treatments on some sampling dates, but fire regime did
 not have consistent effects on invertebrate biomass of abundance.
 Microbial biomass and the abundances of some invertebrate taxa were
 depressed at particularly low and/or high resource N:P, consistent with a
 coupling of these variables to the stoichiometric effects of decadal-scale
 fire regime. Litter transplants likewise indicated that some invertebrate
 abundances were sensitive to litter properties over twelve months.
 Together, our results indicate that long-term changes in fire regime can
 decouple the within-ecosystem cycling of N and P, with N and P cycling
 growing more and less conservative, respectively, under high-frequency
 fire in a way that propagates throughout forest floor food webs. Our study
 provides new insights into the coupled biogeochemical and ecological
 responses of forest ecosystems to novel fire regimes and establishes a
 basis for a stoichiometric framework for fire ecology.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vx0k6djrg
title: An exotic herbivore reinforces competition between exotic and native plants

description: Despite increasing evidence that herbivore-mediated indirect effects play
 a major role in plant competition, it is unclear how and when they
 contribute to plant invasiveness. The outcomes of herbivore-mediated
 indirect effects are primarily dependent on the environment and have
 complex interactions with the direct interactions between
 plants.  We evaluated the herbivore-mediated indirect effects
 of Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) on other co-occurring
 native Asteraceae species at multiple sites in a native range [the United
 States (US)] and in an introduced range (Japan) using common garden
 experiments. We examined the effect of S. altissima on
 herbivore damage, aboveground vegetative and reproductive traits of the
 co-occurring Asteraceae species at sites with different densities of a
 herbivore, the lace bug, Corythucha marmorata, which is native to
 the US and introduced in Japan. We observed increased lace bug herbivory
 in plants grown with S. altissima in Japan but decreased
 lace bug herbivory in the US. The growth of Japanese focal plants
 decreased due to direct competition with S. altissima,
 whereas S. altissima did not affect US focal
 plants. Flower production decreased in plants grown
 with S. altissima in Japan because of both direct
 competition and increased herbivory. Direct competition and
 apparent competition via lace bug herbivory interacted to produce a strong
 negative effect of S. altissima on co-occurring plants
 only in Japan.  Synthesis: The findings imply that evolutionary
 history and the local environment jointly affect herbivore-mediated
 indirect effects, which play a large role in shaping the pattern of
 herbivory and plant competition. Another implication of our results is
 that exotic herbivores may reinforce the negative effects of exotic plants
 on native plants under high herbivore density environments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wh70rxwnb
title: Data on infection experiments of cane toads

description: This dataset contains data from an infection experiment described in the
 paper: “Mayer, M., Schlippe Justicia, L, Shine, R., & Brown, G. P.
 (2021). Host defense or parasite cue: Skin secretions mediate interactions
 between amphibians and their parasites. Ecology Letters, in
 revision”.  Amphibian skin secretions (substances produced by the
 amphibian plus microbiota) plausibly act as a first line of defense
 against parasite/pathogen attack, but may also provide chemical cues for
 pathogens. To clarify the role of skin secretions in host-parasite
 interactions, we conducted experiments using cane toads (Rhinella marina)
 and their lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) from the range-core
 and invasion-front of the introduced anurans’ range in Australia.
 Depending on the geographic area, toad skin secretions can reduce the
 longevity and infection success of parasite larvae, or attract lungworm
 larvae and enhance their infection success. These striking differences
 between the two regions were due both to differential responses of the
 larvae, and differential effects of the skin secretions. Our data suggest
 that skin secretions play an important role in host-parasite interactions
 in anurans, and that the arms race between a host and parasite can rapidly
 generate spatial variation in critical features of that interaction.
description: We obtained cane toads from two geographic areas (column
 'toad origin'): (1) Mareeba, Queensland (17.03° S, 145.43° E)
 and (2) Halls Creek, Western Australia (-18.23° S, 127.66° E). Lungworm
 parasites were collected from naturally-infected toads from Innisfail, QLD
 and Kununurra, WA (column 'L3 origin'). To
 investigate if skin secretions act as a defense mechanism by the host or
 as cue for the parasite, or both, we infected toads that had either intact
 or reduced skin secretions (column 'skin_secr'). For infection,
 we placed toads individually into round containers containing 20 L3 in 300
 µl water. On the 15<sup>th</sup> day post-infection, we
 euthanized the toads and dissected them to count the number of established
 nematodes in the lungs. We calculated the proportion of L3 entering the
 lung by dividing the number of L3 that established in the lungs by the
 number of L3 that entered the host (column
 'Prop_entered').
description: Explanation of the other columns: ID: The
 identifier of individual toads used for the experiment.
 clutch: The identifier of the clutch an individual originated
 from. SUL_18.01 and SUL_final: The snout-urostyle
 length of the toads on the infection day and on the final day of the
 experiment. remaining L3: The number of parasite larvae
 that remained in the infection chamber post-infection.
 L3_entered: The number of parasite larvae that entered the
 host. Total_nematodes: The number of parasites that
 established in the hosts' lungs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzn6
title: Habitat restoration weakens negative environmental effects on telomere dynamics

description: Habitat quality can have far-reaching effects on organismal fitness, an
 issue of concern given the current scale of habitat degradation. Many
 temperate upland streams have reduced nutrient levels due to human
 activity. Nutrient restoration confers benefits in terms of invertebrate
 food availability and subsequent fish growth rates. Here we test whether
 these mitigation measures also affect the rate of cellular ageing of the
 fish, measured in terms of the telomeres that cap the ends of eukaryotic
 chromosomes. We equally distributed Atlantic salmon eggs from the same 30
 focal families into 10 human-impacted oligotrophic streams in northern
 Scotland. Nutrient levels in five of the streams were restored by
 simulating the deposition of a small number of adult Atlantic salmon Salmo
 salar carcasses at the end of the spawning period, while five reference
 streams were left as controls. Telomere lengths and expression of the
 telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene that may act to lengthen
 telomeres were then measured in the young fish when 15 months old. While
 TERT expression was unrelated to any of the measured variables, telomere
 lengths were shorter (for a given fish size) in salmon living at higher
 densities and in areas with a low availability of the preferred substrate
 (cobbles and boulders). However, the adverse effects of these habitat
 features were much reduced in the streams receiving nutrients. These
 results suggest that adverse environmental pressures are weakened when
 nutrients are restored, presumably because the resulting increase in food
 supply reduces levels of both competition and stress.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cjsxksn5q
title: Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups

description: Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrate with
 oceanic CO2, contributing to ocean acidification (OA). OA can induce
 changes in fish behavioural lateralization (an expression of brain
 functional asymmetries) manifested in a left or right turning preference
 in detour tests. However, recent works find no such effects, and other
 work demonstrates assessment of turning preferences by detour tests to be
 a flawed methodology. Behavioural lateralization and OA effects on
 lateralization therefore need to be assessed with alternative paradigms.
 Here, we investigate left-right turning preferences of N=260 free-swimming
 juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared in either:
 ambient conditions; OA conditions; or reared in ambient conditions but
 tested in OA water. Fish were observed free-swimming in groups of 10
 individuals in a circular tank, and individuals’ turning preferences were
 quantified using trajectory data from video. In contrast to early studies,
 and in support of recent comprehensive work on coral reef fishes, we show
 that near future OA levels have no effect on behavioural lateralization
 (left–right turning preference) in juvenile European sea bass.
description: This data was collected by observing N=260 free-swimming
 juvenile European sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus</em>
 <em>labrax</em>) (reared in either: ambient conditions; OA
 conditions; or reared in ambient conditions but tested in OA water) in
 groups of 10 individuals in a circular tank. Fish positions were recorded
 over a 1 hour period via an overhead Panasonic HDC-SD60 HD camera, with
 fish positions then quantified using idTracker and processed in Matlab as
 x-y cartesian co-ordinates relative to the circular tank (Collected by M
 Duteil in a previous experiment https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2dc8k) Such coordinates were then converted into angles to reflect turning preference (Sea_Bass_ALL_Angles - paper). This was accomplished by taking a mean standard deviation in turn angle (76°) for all fish in all experiments when moving at speeds greater than 0.7 cm/s. 
description: Experimental Data The x, y coordinates for
 fish in groups of n=10, at temporal resolution of 25 Hz (i.e. the frame
 rate). Collected by M Duteil in a previous experiment https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2dc8k).  Turning Angles The directional heading changes for each fish when moving at speeds greater than 0.7 cm/s, taken as turning angles. Sea_Bass_ALL_Angles - paper The directional heading changes for each fish when moving at speeds greater than 0.7 cm/s, recording turn angles greater than 76°. SeaBass_data_R_76°c Matlab code for Fish Turn Plotter and Fish Data Plotter FDP - txt FTP3 - txt R Script for statistical tests Sea bass script - txt Readme README_Dataset_EuropeanSeaBassBehaviouralLateralization_v1
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9zw3r22dz
title: Progression of clinical features in Lewy body dementia can be detected over six months

description: Objective: This study aimed to quantify the trajectory and magnitude of
 change of the key clinical features and corresponding symptom domains of
 Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD)
 including global cognition, parkinsonism, recurrent visual hallucinations,
 cognitive fluctuations and sleep disturbance. Methods: 116 patients with
 Lewy body dementia (DLB=72, PDD=44) underwent assessment at baseline, 3
 and 6 months as part of a prospective multi-centre randomized control
 trial. Linear mixed models were constructed for core outcome measures
 using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), motor section of the
 Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS-III), Dementia Cognitive
 Fluctuations Scale (DCFS) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).
 Results: Within the timeframe of our study (6 months) we were able to
 identify a significant cognitive decline of 1.3 points on the MMSE
 (P=0.002) and significant worsening of motor parkinsonism with an increase
 in UPDRS-III score of 3.2 points (P=0.018). Fluctuation severity also
 increased using the DCFS with a 6 month change in score of 1.3 points
 (P=0.001). Uniquely, a signal for increased severity of sleep symptoms of
 1.2 points (NPI-sleep) was also detectable (P=0.04). Significant changes
 in neuropsychiatric symptoms were not detected. There was no difference in
 rates of change of scores between DLB and PDD. Conclusions: Clinically
 significant rates of change in core clinical features can be detected and
 quantified in Lewy body dementia over a relatively short period (6 months)
 using common clinical instruments, and thus may be useful as clinical
 endpoints for therapeutic trials of disease modifying and symptomatic
 agents. --
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhhtn
title: Data for: Evolutionary rescue at different rates of environmental change is affected by trade-offs between short-term performance and long-term survival, by Martta Liukkonen, Ilkka Kronholm and Tarmo Ketola

description: As climate change accelerates and habitats free from anthropogenic impacts
 diminish, populations are forced to migrate or to adapt quickly.
 Evolutionary rescue (ER) is a phenomenon, in which a population is able to
 avoid extinction through adaptation. ER is considered to be more likely at
 slower rates of environmental change. However, the effects of correlated
 characters on evolutionary rescue are seldom explored yet correlated
 characters could play a major role in ER. We tested how evolutionary
 background in different fluctuating environments and the rate of
 environmental change affect the probability of ER by exposing populations
 of the bacteria Serratia marcescens to two different
 rates of steady temperature increase. As suggested by theory, slower
 environmental change allowed populations to grow more effectively even at
 extreme temperatures, but at the expense of long-term survival at extreme
 conditions due to correlated selection. Our results indicate important gap
 of knowledge on the effects of correlated selection during the
 environmental change and on evolutionary rescue at differently changing
 environments.
description: Data is based on bacterial growth rate, yield and survival after
 fast or slow temperature increase.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1c59zw3vg
title: Babbling in a vocal learning bat resembles human infant babbling

description: Babbling is a production milestone in infant speech development. Evidence
 for babbling in non-human mammals is scarce, preventing cross-species
 comparisons. Here, we investigate the conspicuous babbling behavior of
 Saccopteryx bilineata, a bat capable of vocal production learning. We
 analyzed babbling of 20 bat pups in the field during their 3-month
 ontogeny and compared its features to those that characterize babbling in
 human infants. Our findings demonstrate that babbling in bat pups is
 characterized by the same eight features as babbling in human infants,
 including the conspicuous features reduplication and rhythmicity. These
 unprecedented and striking parallels in vocal ontogeny between two
 mammalian species offer exciting future possibilities to compare the
 cognitive and neuromolecular mechanisms and adaptive functions of babbling
 in bats and humans.
description: Please see the description of each file in Fernandez et al
 2021_README_Information on files.pdf.