DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7555554
title: Vehicle-to-Infrastructure IEEE 802.11ad Wi-Fi dataset

description: 1. Introduction


This dataset contains space and time-indexed data collected in a Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I) communication scenario, where a moving vehicle downloaded data from a stationary Access Point (AP) using IEEE 802.11ad Wi-Fi.


The dataset is comprised of both throughput data and detailed frame information captured with tcpdump. It can be used to study 802.11ad's behavior in vehicular environments, in particular in what pertains to antenna sector selection.


This dataset is associated with the following article, which we recommend consulting for more information: Geolocation-based Sector Selection for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure 802.11ad Communication, Mateus Mattos, António Rodrigues, Rui Meireles, Ana Aguiar, in the Elsevier Journal of Computer Communications, Volume 193, ISSN 0140-3664, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2022.07.005.


2. Experimental setup


The AP was placed at the corner of a residential-area intersection while a mobile client vehicle drove around it, downloading data from the AP.


Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) TP-Link Talon AD7200 were used for both the stationary AP and mobile client. A third AD7200 configured in promiscuous mode was placed next to the mobile client, in order to capture the control frames being exchanged.


2.1 Experimental nodes



	
		
			MAC address
			Role
			Position
			Orientation
		
	
	
		
			70:4f:57:72:b2:52
			AP
			Static, latitude: 41.111879, longitude: -8.631146, mounted of top of a parked vehicle
			Perpendicular to road
		
		
			50:c7:bf:97:8a:ac
			Client
			Mobile, mounted on roof of client vehicle
			Towards front of vehicle
		
		
			50:c7:bf:3c:53:1c
			Monitor
			Mobile, mounted on roof of client vehicle
			Towards front of vehicle
		
	



3. Trace description


The data is divided into traces. Each trace represents an uninterrupted period of data collection. The experiments were ran twice, once in 2020, and again in 2021. Environmental conditions, such as weather and topography, were consistent between the two experiment sets.


3.1 2020 traces



	
		
			Trace #
			Start timestamp
			End timestamp
			Mobility pattern
		
	
	
		
			235
			1593946456
			1593946593
			Vehicle moving eastwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			237
			1593946793
			1593946908
			Vehicle moving westwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			238
			1593946938
			1593947076
			Vehicle moving eastwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			240
			1593947181
			1593947332
			Vehicle moving westwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			241
			1593947360
			1593947499
			Vehicle moving eastwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			242
			1593947566
			1593947700
			Vehicle moving westwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			243
			1593947759
			1593947915
			Vehicle moving southwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			244
			1593947971
			1593948111
			Vehicle moving southwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			245
			1593948210
			1593948348
			Vehicle moving southwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			246
			1593948433
			1593948569
			Vehicle moving northwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			247
			1593948631
			1593948795
			Vehicle moving northwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			248
			1593948904
			1593949053
			Vehicle moving northwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed
		
		
			249
			1593949307
			1593950016
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection, medium speed (see file driving-circuit.gif)
		
		
			250
			1593950073
			1593950643
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection, medium speed (see file driving-circuit.gif)
		
		
			251
			1593950682
			1593951240
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection, medium speed (see file driving-circuit.gif)
		
	



3.2 2021 traces



	
		
			Trace #
			Start timestamp
			End timestamp
			Mobility pattern
		
	
	
		
			201
			1632244398
			1632244548
			Vehicle moving eastwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			202
			1632244563
			1632244663
			Vehicle moving westwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			203
			1632244674
			1632244799
			Vehicle moving southwards from AP and back, then westwards and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			204
			1632244812
			1632244915
			Vehicle moving northwards from AP and back, then westwards and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			206
			1632245138
			1632245346
			Vehicle moving eastwards from AP and back, then westwards and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			207
			1632245355
			1632245463
			Vehicle moving southwards from AP and back, then westwards and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			208
			1632245472
			1632245581
			Vehicle moving northwards from AP and back, then westwards and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			209
			1632245592
			1632245790
			Vehicle moving southwards from AP and back, northwards from AP and back, then westwards and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			210
			1632245798
			1632245987
			Vehicle moving eastwards from AP and back, straight line, low speed (see file driving-patterns-by-trace-2021.pdf)
		
		
			302
			1632335672
			1632336273
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			303
			1632336286
			1632336870
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			401
			1634983869
			1634984363
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			402
			1634984410
			1634984881
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			403
			1634984908
			1634985562
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			404
			1634985666
			1634986835
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			405
			1634986980
			1634988303
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			406
			1634988352
			1634989470
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
		
			407
			1634989490
			1634990434
			Vehicle driving circuit around the intersection (see file driving-circuit.gif), medium speed
		
	



4. Data description


4.1 File structure


The data from the 2020 and 2021 sets of experiments can be found in subfolders 2020 and 2021, respectively.


Each subfolder constains the following:



	
gps.csv: client vehicle mobility trace (individual NMEA sentences);
	
gps-merged.csv: client vehicle mobility trace (summarized);
	
thrghpt.csv: application throughput data;
	
wifi.csv: summarized 802.11ad frame data;
	
pcap/: contains raw .pcap files used to generate wifi.csv, separated by trace number;
	
configs/: includes JSON file with fields and filters used by tshark for the generation of wifi.csv.



4.2 GPS data: gps.csv and gps-merged.csv


GPS data was captured by a high-accuracy GPS device: Trimble Pro Series 6H [link], and consists of a combination of fields provided by multiple NMEA GP* sentence codes, namely: GPRMC, GPGGA, GPGLL, and GNGSA [link].


Column description


gps.csv is a table with the following columns:



	
		
			Column
			Description
		
	
	
		
			timestamp
			UNIX system timestamp at which GPS sentence was recorded, in seconds
		
		
			lat
			Latitude, in decimal degrees
		
		
			lon
			Longitude, in decimal degrees
		
		
			alt
			Altitude, in meters
		
		
			speed
			Ground speed, in knots
		
		
			HDOP
			Horizontal dilution of precision
		
		
			PDOP
			Position dilution of precision
		
		
			VDOP
			Vertical dilution of precision
		
		
			heading
			Direction of movement as provided by GPS device, in clockwise degrees from north
		
		
			identifier
			NMEA sentence code, e.g., GPRMC
		
		
			gpstime
			Timestamp as provided by GPS device, in seconds
		
	



Note: Because each GPS sentence only contains a subset of the listed columns, any missing values are set to -1.0.


gps-merged.csv is a table containing all mobility information aggregated by GPS timestamp, for ease of use. It contains the following columns:



	
		
			Column
			Description
		
	
	
		
			gpstime
			Timestamp as provided by GPS device, in seconds
		
		
			timestamp
			Average UNIX system timestamp at which the GPS sentences from which this row was created were recorded, in seconds
		
		
			lat
			Latitude, in decimal degrees
		
		
			lon
			Longitude, in decimal degrees
		
		
			alt
			Altitude, in meters
		
		
			speed
			Ground speed, in knots
		
		
			HDOP
			Horizontal dilution of precision
		
		
			PDOP
			Position dilution of precision
		
		
			VDOP
			Vertical dilution of precision
		
		
			heading
			Direction of movement as provided by GPS device, in clockwise degrees from north
		
	



4.3 Application layer throughput : thrghpt.csv


Data was sent from a custom sender application running on the AP, at the maximum possible rate. A custom receiver application on the client vehicle consumes the data. A time-indexed log of the amount of data sent and received was recorded.


Column description


thrghpt.csv is a table with the following columns:



	
		
			column
			description
		
	
	
		
			timestamp
			UNIX system timestamp the throughput record pertains to
		
		
			pckt_cntr
			Number of packets received within the current record
		
		
			byte_cntr
			Number of bytes received within the current record
		
		
			elapsed_time
			Time elapsed since previous throughput record
		
		
			thrghpt
			Throughput for the current record, in in Megabit per second (Mbps)
		
		
			inter_arrival_avg 
			Average inter-packet arrival time during the recording period, in seconds
		
		
			diff_local_avg 
			Average delta between the timestamp recorded in the packet's payload (set by the sender) and the local timestamp in the receiver, in microseconds
		
		
			trace_nr
			Trace number the throughput data is associated with
		
	



4.4 802.11ad frame data: wifi.csv


The wifi.csv file contains 802.11ad frame data, captured with tcpdump, on a Talon AD7200 router configured in promiscuous mode and colocated with the mobile client device.


Data collection and processing


The following tcpdump command was used to collect raw data frames:


tcpdump -B 100000 -s96 -i <ad-monitor-interface> -y IEEE802_11_RADIO -w <pcap-file> &



In order to create wifi.csv, the raw data frames were processed using tshark in order to filter out unnecessary information. More specifically, we ran the following command:


tshark -r <input-pcap> -2 -T fields <fields> -Y "<filter>" -E header=y -E separator=, -E quote=d -E occurrence=f



The raw input .pcap files for each trace are provided in the pcap/ folder. The parameters <filter> and <fields> represent the filtering conditions and what fields we want to extract from each frame, respectively. The actual values used are provided in the configs/tshark.json file.


Frames were filtered based on a single field: the WLAN frame type and subtype, or wlan.fc.type_subtype. Only the following types of frames were kept:



	
		
			Frame type/subtype value
			Description
		
	
	
		
			0x0000
			Association request
		
		
			0x0001
			Association response
		
		
			0x0002
			Re-association request
		
		
			0x0003
			Re-association response
		
		
			0x000a
			Disassociation
		
		
			0x000b
			Authentication
		
		
			0x000c
			De-authentication
		
		
			0x0019
			Block ACKs
		
		
			0x001d
			Clear-to-send
		
		
			0x0028
			QoS data
		
		
			0x0030
			DMG beacon
		
		
			0x0164
			Grant
		
		
			0x0167
			Grant ACK
		
		
			0x0168
			SLS
		
		
			0x0169
			SLS feedback
		
		
			0x016a
			SLS feedback ACK
		
	



Column description


wifi.csv is a table with the following columns:



	
		
			Column
			Description
		
	
	
		
			frame.time_epoch
			UNIX timestamp of frame capture, in seconds (with microsecond resolution)
		
		
			frame.number
			Ordinal number attributed to captured frame
		
		
			frame.len
			Frame length, in bytes
		
		
			ip.src
			Source IP address
		
		
			ip.dst
			Destination IP address
		
		
			ip.flags
			IP flags
		
		
			ip.frag_offset
			IP fragmentation offset
		
		
			ip.hdr_len
			IP header length
		
		
			ip.id
			IP identification field
		
		
			ip.proto
			IP protocol field
		
		
			ip.reassembled_in
			Frame number in which IP packet is reassembled
		
		
			radiotap.channel.flags.2ghz
			1 if channel frequency is in 2.4 GHz range, 0 otherwise
		
		
			radiotap.channel.flags.5ghz
			1 if channel frequency is in 5 GHz range, 0 otherwise
		
		
			radiotap.channel.freq
			Channel frequency (60480 Hz in this case)
		
		
			radiotap.length
			IEEE 802.11 radiotap capture header length
		
		
			radiotap.mcs.index
			Modulation Coding Scheme index
		
		
			udp.srcport
			UDP source port
		
		
			udp.dstport
			UDP destination port
		
		
			wlan.ba.bm
			Block ACK bitmap
		
		
			wlan.bf
			Full beamforming field of WLAN frame
		
		
			wlan.bf.isInit
			Whether or not frame is SLS initiator
		
		
			wlan.bf.isResp
			Whether or not frame is SLS responder
		
		
			wlan.bf.num_dmg_ants
			Number of DMG antennas
		
		
			wlan.bf.num_sectors
			Number of SLS sectors
		
		
			wlan.bf.train
			Whether or not frame is part of SLS training
		
		
			wlan.fc.retry
			Whether WLAN frame is re-transmitted
		
		
			wlan.fc.type_subtype
			WLAN frame type and subtype
		
		
			wlan.fixed.ssc.sequence
			WLAN starting sequence number
		
		
			wlan.fixed.timestamp
			WLAN timestamp
		
		
			wlan.frag
			WLAN fragment number
		
		
			wlan.ta
			WLAN transmitter MAC address
		
		
			wlan.ra
			WLAN receiver MAC address
		
		
			wlan.seq
			WLAN frame sequence number
		
		
			wlan.ssw
			Full Sector-level Sweep (SLS) field of WLAN frame
		
		
			wlan.ssw.cdown
			SLS countdown (CDOWN) number
		
		
			wlan.ssw.direction
			SLS direction (0: frame sent by SLS initiator, 1: by SLS responder)
		
		
			wlan.ssw.sector_id
			ID of sector used for SLS frame
		
		
			wlan.sswf
			Full SLS feedback field of WLAN frame
		
		
			wlan.sswf.sector_select
			SLS Feedback Sector Select
		
		
			wlan.sswf.snr_report
			SLS Feedback SNR Report
		
		
			wlan_radio.11n.mcs_index
			WLAN MCS index
		
		
			wlan_radio.channel
			WLAN channel
		
		
			wlan_radio.data_rate
			WLAN data rate
		
		
			wlan_radio.duration
			WLAN frame duration
		
		
			wlan_radio.frequency
			WLAN channel frequency
		
		
			wlan_radio.noise_dbm
			WLAN noise level, in dBm
		
		
			wlan_radio.phy
			WLAN PHY type
		
		
			wlan_radio.preamble
			WLAN preamble
		
		
			wlan_radio.signal_dbm
			WLAN signal strength, in dBm
		
		
			wlan_radio.timestamp
			WLAN TSF timestamp
		
		
			data.text
			Data enclosed in WLAN data frame
		
		
			trace_nr
			Number of the trace the frame is associated with