cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4237
title: Data from: Morphological and genetic analysis of sympatric dace within the Rhinichthys cataractae species complex: a case of isolation lost

description: The Nooksack dace (Pisces: an undescribed putative taxon within
 Rhinichthys) and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) are two forms
 within the R. cataractae species complex that are distinguishable from one
 another by mitochondrial (mt) DNA divergence of 2–3%, as well as by subtle
 morphological differences. The two forms are found in allopatry in
 south-eastern British Columbia (BC), Canada, and adjacent areas of western
 Washington, USA, and are sympatric in three streams in the lower Fraser
 River valley, BC, and may represent cryptic species. We assayed 12
 morphometric traits and two meristic characters (N = 582; 23 sampling
 locations) to test for diagnosability of the two dace, as well as to test
 for morphological differentiation by mtDNA type in sympatry. We then
 employed a 10-locus microsatellite DNA assay (N = 374; 12 sampling
 locations) to test for genetic distinction between Nooksack dace and
 longnose dace in sympatry. We found that the two dace could not be
 reliably differentiated morphologically: there was overlap in all
 characters measured, and sampling location had a much larger effect on
 morphology than mtDNA group. Microsatellite analysis showed no distinction
 by mtDNA type in localities with sympatric dace, indicating complete
 admixture between the sympatric Nooksack dace and longnose dace. The
 Nooksack dace and longnose dace provide an example of ‘ephemeral
 speciation’: two lineages that, despite an estimated 1.1 Myr of isolation,
 have developed no apparent barriers to reproduction and appear to have
 collapsed into a single interbreeding population where they come into
 secondary contact. Nonetheless, the zone of secondary contact and the
 diagnosability of the Nooksack dace in terms of mtDNA represent
 significant aspects of the evolutionary legacy within R. cataractae and
 support its conservation importance.
description: jruskey_usat-data_genepop-formatMicrosatellite DNA genotypes in base pairsjruskey&taylor_morphological-dataMorphological data for Ruskey and Taylor. All are in mm except two counts
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nh618
title: Data from: Habitat variation and wing coloration affects wing shape evolution in dragonflies

description: Habitats are spatially and temporally variable, and organisms must be able
 to track these changes. One potential mechanism for this is dispersal by
 flight. Therefore, we would expect flying animals to show adaptations in
 wing shape related to habitat variation. In this work, we explored
 variation in wing shape in relation to preferred water body (flowing water
 or standing water with tolerance for temporary conditions) and landscape
 (forested to open) using 32 species of dragonflies of the genus Trithemis
 (80% of the known species). We included a potential source of variation
 linked to sexual selection: the extent of wing coloration on hindwings. We
 used geometric morphometric methods for studying wing shape. We also
 explored the phenotypic correlation of wing shape between the sexes. We
 found that wing shape showed a phylogenetic structure and therefore also
 ran phylogenetic independent contrasts. After correcting for the
 phylogenetic effects, we found (i) no significant effect of water body on
 wing shape; (ii) male forewings and female hindwings differed with regard
 to landscape, being progressively broader from forested to open habitats;
 (iii) hindwings showed a wider base in wings with more coloration,
 especially in males; and (iv) evidence for phenotypic correlation of wing
 shape between the sexes across species. Hence, our results suggest that
 natural and sexual selection are acting partially independently on fore-
 and hindwings and with differences between the sexes, despite evidence for
 phenotypic correlation of wing shape between males and females.
description: Morphometric data
 including landmark coordinates and wing centroid sizeLandmark coordinates and
 centroid size for each individual wing used in the study, including males
 and females, and fore- and hindwings.morphometric
 data.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq58f
title: Data from: Population dynamics of owned, free-roaming dogs: implications for rabies control

description: Background: Rabies is a serious yet neglected public health threat in
 resource-limited communities in Africa, where the virus is maintained in
 populations of owned, free-roaming domestic dogs. Rabies elimination can
 be achieved through the mass vaccination of dogs, but maintaining the
 critical threshold of vaccination coverage for herd immunity in these
 populations is hampered by their rapid turnover. Knowledge of the
 population dynamics of free-roaming dog populations can inform effective
 planning and implementation of mass dog vaccination campaigns to control
 rabies. Methodology/Principal Findings: We implemented a health and
 demographic surveillance system in dogs that monitored the entire owned
 dog population within a defined geographic area in a community in
 Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. We quantified demographic rates over a
 24-month period, from 1st January 2012 through 1st January 2014, and
 assessed their implications for rabies control by simulating the decline
 in vaccination coverage over time. During this period, the population
 declined by 10%. Annual population growth rates were +18.6% in 2012 and
 -24.5% in 2013. Crude annual birth rates (per 1,000 dog-years of
 observation) were 451 in 2012 and 313 in 2013. Crude annual death rates
 were 406 in 2012 and 568 in 2013. Females suffered a significantly higher
 mortality rate in 2013 than males (mortality rate ratio [MRR] = 1.54, 95%
 CI = 1.28-1.85). In the age class 0-3 months, the mortality rate of dogs
 vaccinated against rabies was significantly lower than that of
 unvaccinated dogs (2012: MRR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.05-0.21; 2013: MRR = 0.31,
 95% CI = 0.11-0.69). The results of the simulation showed that achieving a
 70% vaccination coverage during annual campaigns would maintain coverage
 above the critical threshold for at least 12 months. Conclusions and
 Significance: Our findings provide an evidence base for the World Health
 Organization’s empirically-derived target of 70% vaccination coverage
 during annual campaigns. Achieving this will be effective even in highly
 dynamic populations with extremely high growth rates and rapid turnover.
 This increases confidence in the feasibility of dog rabies elimination in
 Africa through mass vaccination.
description: HDSS-Dogs_SA_2012-2013This dataset presents data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Dogs (HDSS-Dogs) in Hluvukani settlement in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, from 1st January 2012 through 1st January 2014. Each row represents one residence episode for a dog in a household or ‘stand’ (a plot or parcel of land). Residence episodes within households begin with birth or in-migration (e.g. purchase or receipt of a dog), and terminate with death or out-migration (e.g. sale or gifting of dog to another household). Data collected are all owner-reported, collected by the study team during regular, repeat visits every 4-6 months (‘rounds’) to all households in the demographic surveillance area.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1gc03
title: Data from: Effect of expanded variation in anther position on pollinator visitation to wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum

description: Background and Aims: Plant-pollinator interactions shape the evolution of
 flowers. Floral attraction and reward traits have often been shown to
 affect pollinator behavior, but the possible effect of efficiency traits
 on visitation behavior has rarely been addressed. Here we tested for the
 effect of anther position, usually considered a trait that influences
 efficiency of pollen deposition on pollinators, on pollinator visitation
 rates and visit duration in flowers of wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum.
 Methods: We used artificial selection lines from two experiments that
 expanded the naturally-occurring phenotypic variation in anther position.
 In one experiment, plant lines were selected to either increase or
 decrease anther exsertion. The other experiment decreased anther
 dimorphism, which resulted in increased short stamen exsertion. We
 hypothesized that increased exsertion will increase visitation of pollen
 foragers due to increased visual attraction. We also hypothesized that
 exsertion of anthers above the corolla would interfere with nectar
 foragers and increase time of visit per flower. Key Results: In the
 exsertion selection experiment, increased exsertion of both short and long
 stamens resulted in an increased number of fly visits per plant, and in
 the dimorphism experiment bee visits increased with increased short stamen
 exsertion. Duration of nectar feeders declined significantly with
 increasing long stamen exsertion, as opposed to the hypothesis.
 Conclusions and synthesis: Until now, anther position was considered an
 efficiency trait to enhance pollen uptake and deposition. We show that
 anther position in wild radish has an ecological significance also in
 attracting pollen foragers. This study suggests an additional adaptive
 role for anther position beyond efficiency, and highlights the multiple
 ecological functions of floral traits in plant-pollinator interactions.
description: data.plantsMorphological traits of plants used in the experiment described in the manuscript. Data include also mean number of visits and duration of each of the major insect groups.data.foragingData on individual visits for the plants by different insects.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kf245
title: Data from: Risk assessment of pesticide seed treatment for farmland birds using refined field data

description: Due to reductions in winter food resources, newly sown cereal seeds have
 become a key component of many bird species' diets, but these seeds
 are often treated with pesticides that may cause toxic effects. To
 complete an appropriate risk assessment, data on treated seed toxicity
 need to be combined with information about the risk of exposure of birds
 in the field and the factors that modulate such exposure. We studied the
 abundance of pesticide-treated seeds available for birds in the field, the
 pesticides and their concentrations in treated seeds, and the bird species
 observed in the field that were feeding on these pesticide-treated seeds.
 The exposure of red-legged partridge to treated winter cereal seeds was
 characterized through the analysis of crop and gizzard contents of hunted
 individuals (n = 189). Moreover, we measured the contribution of cereal
 seeds in the autumn–winter diet of partridges in order to assess the
 potential risk of exposure to pesticide-treated seeds. Density of treated
 seeds on the soil surface after sowing (11·3 ± 1·2 seeds m−2 in the centre
 of field and 43·4 ± 5·5 seeds m−2 in the headlands) was enough to provide,
 in an area between 6 and 50 m2, doses of six active ingredients above
 those indicating acute (i.e. a dose capable of killing 50% of individuals
 of a sensitive species) and / or chronic (no observed effect level)
 toxicity. Up to 30 bird species were observed consuming treated cereal
 seeds in recently sown fields. Corn bunting was identified as an
 appropriate focal passerine species for the risk assessment of
 pesticide-treated seeds. We found that treated seeds were an important
 route of pesticide ingestion for red-legged partridge; pesticide residues
 (six fungicides and two insecticides) were found in 32·3% of crops and
 gizzards. Cereal seeds represented more than half (53·4 ± 4·3%) of total
 biomass consumed by partridges from October to February. Synthesis and
 applications. The field exposure data combined with previous studies about
 the toxicity to partridges of using pesticide-treated seeds point to an
 unacceptable risk of this practice to farmland birds. Our results suggest
 that the prophylactic use of pesticide-coated seeds should be avoided,
 with the approval of this treatment considered on a case-by-case basis and
 accompanied with specific measures to minimize risks of adverse effects on
 avian communities.
description: Dataset_JAppEcol_ALA
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3k43
title: Data from: Musculoskeletal pain as a marker of health quality. Findings from the epidemiological sleep study among the adult population of São Paulo city

description: Background: We are witnessing the growth of urban populations,
 particularly in the developing world. São Paulo, the largest city in South
 America, continues to grow, and this growth is dramatically effecting the
 environment and human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the
 point prevalence of chronic pain in São Paulo city dwellers and to explore
 the influence of aspects related to urbanicity. Methods: A two-stage
 cluster randomized sample included 1100 individuals of the city of Sao
 Paulo, representing the population proportionally in terms of gender, age
 and social classes in 2007. For this observational cross-sectional study,
 the household sample was interviewed using validated questionnaires for
 sociodemographic aspects, the Beck inventories for anxiety and depression,
 the WHOQoL-REF for quality of life, the Chalder Fatigue Scale.
 Musculoskeletal pain was defined as diffuse pain or pain located in the
 back, joints or limbs. Data regarding sleep complaints and polysomnography
 were obtained from the Epidemiologic Sleep Study conducted in São Paulo
 city in 2007. Results: The prevalence estimate of chronic musculoskeletal
 pain was approximately 27%, with a female/male ratio of approximately
 2.6/1. The predictors were being in the age-range of 30–39 years, low
 socioeconomic and schooling levels, obesity, sedentarism, fatigue,
 non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, poor life
 quality, anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychological wellbeing was the
 main discriminator between responders with chronic musculoskeletal pain
 and the controls, followed by depression for the participants with poor
 psychological wellbeing, and fatigue, for the remaining ones. Insomnia
 syndrome was the third-level discriminator for those with fatigue, whereas
 sleep quality for those without fatigue. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain
 was frequently reported by São Paulo city dwellers and its correlates with
 psychological and sleep aspects are suggestive of a response to
 urbanicity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00596713
description: plos
 oneOK6Data from SPSS
 statistical program. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; PSQI =
 Pittsburg Sleep Quality score; TST = total sleep time; PSG =
 polysomnography; S1 = sleep stage 1, S2 = sleep stage 2; S3 = sleep stage
 3; REM = rapid eye movement; WASO = wake after sleep onset; PLM = periodic
 limb movement; AHI = apnea hypopnea index; SatO2 = oxyhemoglobin
 saturation; dessat_index = dessaturation index, OSAS = obstructive sleep
 apnea syndrome. Inventories: Fatigue = Chalder; Sleepiness = Epworth; life
 quality = Whoqol, Beck for Anxiety and for Depression
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1200vf4
title: Data from: More than kin: subordinates foster strong bonds with relatives and potential mates in a social bird

description: Social interactions shape relationships between individuals in complex
 societies. Affiliative interactions are associated with benefits and
 strengthen social bonds, while aggressive interactions are costly and
 negatively affect social bonds. Individuals may attempt to reduce
 aggressive encounters through submissive displays directed at
 higher-ranking individuals. Thus, fine-scale patterns of affiliative,
 aggressive and submissive interactions may reflect costly and beneficial
 social relationships within groups, providing insight into the benefits of
 group living and the mechanisms of conflict resolution. So far however,
 most studies have looked at social interactions and benefits of group
 living in isolation. We investigated how the strength of social bonds
 (affiliative vs aggressive interactions) and submissive displays varied
 with kin-selected and potential mating benefits, and with reproductive
 conflict in the cooperatively breeding purple-crowned fairy-wren, Malurus
 coronatus. Our results revealed that subordinates formed equally strong
 social bonds with kin and potential mates (unrelated opposite-sex
 individuals) while they formed antagonistic relationships with
 reproductive competitors that offered no kin-selected or mating benefits
 (unrelated same-sex individuals). Submissive displays were directed
 exclusively at same-sex breeders, regardless of relatedness. Affiliation
 and submission were associated with reduced foraging time when food was
 limited, indicating a cost to maintaining positive relationships.
 Together, our results suggest that the strength of social bonds is
 determined by (potential) benefits obtained from group members, while
 submission likely serves to reduce conflict. Our findings highlight the
 importance of time-costly social interactions for maintaining
 relationships with group members, providing insight into how social groups
 of individuals with (partly) divergent interests can remain stable.
description: Social
 interactionsDataset on aggressive,
 affiliative, and submissive interactions between focal subordinates and
 their group members.Time
 budgetDataset on time budget
 by focal subordinates.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6k9v66n
title: Data from: The independent and combined effects of floral traits distinguishing two pollination ecotypes of a moth-pollinated orchid

description: Identifying traits and agents of selection involved in local adaptation is
 important for understanding population divergence. In southern Sweden, the
 moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia occurs as a woodland and a
 grassland ecotype that differ in dominating pollinators. The woodland
 ecotype is taller (expected to influence pollinator attraction) and
 produces flowers with longer spurs (expected to influence efficiency of
 pollen transfer) compared to the grassland ecotype. We examined whether
 plant height and spur length affect pollination and reproductive success
 in a woodland population, and whether effects are non-additive, as
 expected for traits influencing two multiplicative components of pollen
 transfer. We reduced plant height and spur length to match trait values
 observed in the grassland ecotype and determined the effects on pollen
 removal, pollen receipt, and fruit production. In addition, to examine the
 effects of naturally occurring variation, we quantified
 pollinator-mediated selection through pollen removal and seed production
 in the same population. Reductions of plant height and spur length
 decreased pollen removal, number of flowers receiving pollen, mean pollen
 receipt per pollinated flower, and fruit production per plant, but no
 significant interaction effect was detected. The selection analysis
 demonstrated pollinator-mediated selection for taller plants via female
 fitness. However, there was no current selection mediated by pollinators
 on spur length, and pollen removal was not related to plant height or spur
 length. The results show that, although both traits are important for
 pollination success and female fitness in the woodland habitat, only plant
 height was sufficiently variable in the study population for current
 pollinator-mediated selection to be detected. More generally, the results
 illustrate how a combination of experimental approaches can be used to
 identify both traits and agents of selection.
description: Trunschke et
 al._EcolEvol_2018_PlantHtSpurLManipulationTrunschke et
 al._EcolEvol_2018_PlantHtSpurLSelection_female fitnessTrunschke et
 al._EcolEvol_2018_PlantHtSpurLSelection_pollen removal
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jn1v7
title: Data from: Directed dispersal by rotational shepherding supports landscape genetic connectivity in a calcareous grassland plant

description: Directed dispersal by animal vectors has been found to have large effects
 on the structure and dynamics of plant populations adapted to frugivory.
 Yet, empirical data are lacking on the potential of directed dispersal by
 rotational grazing of domestic animals to mediate gene flow across the
 landscape. Here, we investigated the potential effect of large-flock
 shepherding on landscape-scale genetic structure in the calcareous
 grassland plant Dianthus carthusianorum, whose seeds lack morphological
 adaptations to dispersal to animals or wind. We found a significant
 pattern of genetic structure differentiating population within grazed
 patches of three nonoverlapping shepherding systems and populations of
 ungrazed patches. Among ungrazed patches, we found a strong and
 significant effect of isolation by distance (r = 0.56). In contrast,
 genetic distance between grazed patches within the same herding system was
 unrelated to geographical distance but significantly related to distance
 along shepherding routes (r = 0.44). This latter effect of connectivity
 along shepherding routes suggests that gene flow is spatially restricted
 occurring mostly between adjacent populations. While this study used
 nuclear markers that integrate gene flow by pollen and seed, the
 significant difference in the genetic structure between ungrazed patches
 and patches connected by large-flock shepherding indicates the potential
 of directed seed dispersal by sheep across the landscape.
description: Dianthus_carthusianorum_genodata_Dec15_2013Neutral microsatellite (n=11) data of Dianthus carthusianorum summarized by sampleID, sampled patch ID, grazing management status and geographic coordinates
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n9r58
title: Data from: Orchid phylogenomics and multiple drivers of their extraordinary diversification

description: Orchids are the most diverse family of angiosperms, with over 25 000
 species, more than mammals, birds and reptiles combined. Tests of
 hypotheses to account for such diversity have been stymied by the lack of
 a fully resolved broad-scale phylogeny. Here, we provide such a phylogeny,
 based on 75 chloroplast genes for 39 species representing all orchid
 subfamilies and 16 of 17 tribes, time-calibrated against 17 angiosperm
 fossils. A supermatrix analysis places an additional 144 species based on
 three plastid genes. Orchids appear to have arisen roughly 112 million
 years ago (Mya); the subfamilies Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae diverged
 from each other at the end of the Cretaceous; and the eight tribes and
 three previously unplaced subtribes of the upper epidendroids diverged
 rapidly from each other between 37.9 and 30.8 Mya. Orchids appear to have
 undergone one significant acceleration of net species diversification in
 the orchidoids, and two accelerations and one deceleration in the upper
 epidendroids. Consistent with theory, such accelerations were correlated
 with the evolution of pollinia, the epiphytic habit, CAM photosynthesis,
 tropical distribution (especially in extensive cordilleras), and
 pollination via Lepidoptera or euglossine bees. Deceit pollination appears
 to have elevated the number of orchid species by one-half but not via
 acceleration of the rate of net diversification. The highest rate of net
 species diversification within the orchids (0.382 sp sp−1 My−1) is 6.8
 times that at the Asparagales crown.
description: 75 chloroplast coding
 regions alignments in nexus formatThis file contains
 alignments of 75 chloroplast coding regions for orchid taxa plus Mapania
 (Cyperaceae) generated in this studyNexus_CDS_alignments.zip