cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fqz612jsf
title: Trends and geographic variation in population thriving, struggling, and suffering across the US, 2008-2017: A retrospective repeated cross-sectional study

description: Objectives: Wellbeing is a holistic, positively framed conception of
 health, integrating physical, emotional, social, financial, community, and
 spiritual aspects of life. High wellbeing is an intrinsically worthy goal
 for individuals, communities, and nations. Multiple measures of wellbeing
 exist, yet we lack information to identify benchmarks, geographical
 disparities, and targets for intervention to improve population life
 evaluation. Design: Using data from the Gallup National Health and
 Well-Being Index, we conducted retrospective analyses of a series of
 cross-sectional samples. Setting/Participants: We summarized select
 wellbeing outcomes nationally for each year, and by county (N=599) over
 two time periods, 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Main Outcome Measures: We
 report percentages of peopole thriving, struggling, and suffering using
 the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, percentages reporting high or low
 current life satisfaction, percentages reporting high or low future life
 optimism, and changes in these percentages over time. Results: Nationally,
 the percentage of people that report thriving increased from 48.9% in 2008
 to 56.3% in 2017 (p&lt;0.05). The percentage suffering was not
 significantly different over time, ranging from 4.4% to 3.2%. In
 2013-2017, counties with the highest life evaluation had a mean 63.6%
 thriving and 2.3% suffering while counties with the lowest life evaluation
 had a mean 49.5% thriving and 6.5% suffering, with counties experiencing
 up to 10% suffering, three-fold the national average. Changes in
 county-level life evaluation also varied. While counties with the greatest
 improvements experienced 10-15% increase in the absolute percentage
 thriving or 3-5% decrease in absolute percentage suffering, most counties
 experienced no change and some experienced declines in life evaluation.
 Conclusions: The percentage of the US population thriving increased from
 2008 to 2017 while the percentage suffering remained unchanged. Marked
 geographic variation exists indicating priority areas for intervention.
description: Cellphone and landline survey collected with structured sampling
 design.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8psz
title: Data and scripts for: Quantitative assessment of observed vs. predicted responses to selection

description: Although artificial-selection experiments seem well suited to testing our
 ability to predict evolution, the correspondence between predicted and
 observed responses is often ambiguous due to the lack of uncertainty
 estimates. We present equations for assessing prediction error in direct
 and indirect responses to selection that integrate uncertainty in genetic
 parameters used for prediction and sampling effects during selection.
 Using these, we analyzed a selection experiment on floral traits
 replicated in two taxa of the Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) species
 complex for which G-matrices were obtained from a diallel breeding design.
 After four episodes of bidirectional selection, direct and indirect
 responses remained within wide prediction intervals, but appeared
 different from the predictions. Combined analyses with structural-equation
 models confirmed that responses were asymmetrical and lower than predicted
 in both species. We show that genetic drift is likely to be a dominant
 source of uncertainty in typically-dimensioned selection experiments in
 plants and a major obstacle to predict short-term evolutionary
 trajectories.
description: See article
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g1jwstw8
title: Facilitation and competition shape a geographical mosaic of flower colour polymorphisms

description: 1. Flower colour differs dramatically between populations for some plant
 species, yet we know little about what drives this variation. Such
 polymorphisms can be influenced by plant-pollinator interactions, but
 whether they are also influenced by pollinator-mediated plant-plant
 interactions is unknown. 2. We test whether flower colour polymorphisms
 can arise through convergence (facilitation) or divergence (competition)
 of flower phenotypes resulting from plant-plant interactions mediated by
 the shared, and only, pollinator (orange-breasted sunbird) of ten Erica
 communities in South Africa. 3. Sunbird visitation rates to the
 less-preferred Erica species in communities increased with colour
 similarity to the most visited species, suggesting that polymorphisms can
 be maintained by selection for colour convergence within communities,
 which promotes shared signals through rewarding mimicry (i.e.
 facilitation). 4. Colour similarity was lowest when risk of reproductive
 interference was greatest: i.e., when reproductive morphology
 (stigma-anther distance) and flowering phenology was most similar, and
 when floral density differed greatly between species. This implies that
 polymorphisms can also be maintained by selection for colour divergence,
 since this promotes assortative pollinator foraging (i.e., competition).
 5. Different populations of a species may experience opposite selective
 pressures, depending on their community context. This is the first
 evidence that a geographic mosaic of plant-plant pollination interactions
 could maintain colour polymorphisms in congeneric species sharing a single
 pollinator. 
description: Please see the description in the article methods and
 supplementary material.
description: Each plant was given a number, unique number for each
 population.  All the plant level traits were measured on all individual
 plants, therefore individual plants have the same identification
 number  in the different data sets.  There are some
 missing values where a feature could not be measured.
 Please see the description in the article methods and
 supplementary material.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnw2c
title: Stimulus presentation can enhance spiking irregularity across subcortical and cortical regions

description: Stimulus presentation is believed to quench neural response variability as
 measured by fano-factor (FF). However, the relative contribution of
 within-trial spike irregularity and trial-to-trial rate variability to FF
 reduction has remained elusive. Here, we introduce a principled approach
 for accurate estimation of spiking irregularity and rate variability in
 time for doubly stochastic point processes. Consistent with previous
 evidence, analysis showed stimulus-induced reduction in rate variability
 across multiple cortical and subcortical areas. However, unlike what was
 previously thought, spiking irregularity, was not constant in time and
 could be enhanced partly due factors beyond local CV measures such as
 bursting abating the quench in the post-stimulus FF. Simulations confirmed
 plausibility of a time varying spiking irregularity arising from within
 and between pool correlations of excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs.
 By accurate parsing of neural variability, our approach reveals previously
 unnoticed changes in neural response variability and constrains candidate
 mechanisms that give rise to observed rate variability and spiking
 irregularity within brain regions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cg6k
title: Caulerpa-associated bacterial 16S rRNA in response to environmental stress

description: This dataset contains data from algal-associated bacteria from
 the green macroalgae, Caulerpa, from the paper " Morrissey,
 K.L. et al. (2021) Impacts of environmental stress on resistance and
 resilience of algal-associated bacterial communities. Ecology and
 Evolution". The experiment investigates the effects of a factorial
 combination of nutrient and temperature stress on the bacterial
 communities. We have
 also assessed the resistance and resilience of
 the algal-associated microbiota to environmental stress, using community
 dissimilarity metrics.  Bacteria were characterised using the 16S
 rRNA gene and the community compositions were compared between different
 parts of the algal thallus (endo-, epi- and rhizomicrobiome). The results
 of this study provide evidence that nutrient enrichment has a significant
 influence on the taxonomic and functional structure of the epimicrobiota,
 with a low community resistance index observed for both. Temperature and
 nutrient stress had a significant effect on the rhizomicrobiota taxonomic
 composition, exhibiting the lowest overall resistance to change. The
 functional performance of the rhizomicrobiota had low resilience to the
 combination of stressors, indicating potential additive effects.
 Interestingly, the endomicrobiota had the highest overall resistance, yet
 the lowest overall resilience to environmental stress. This further
  contributes to our understanding of algal microbiome dynamics in
 response to environmental changes.
description: Bacteria were
 characterised using the 16S rRNA gene and the community compositions were
 compared between different parts of the algal thallus (endo-,
 epi- and rhizomicrobiome). Approximately 2 grams of surface layer sediment
 surrounding the sampled thalli was placed directly into sterile bags.
 Water was sampled directly from the environment before stress, directly
 after stress, and after the recovery period. For the individual mesocosms,
 water was extracted from the mesocosm via syringe through a valve directly
 after the stress period. For each treatment, 100 mL of water was filtered
 in triplicate through a 0.2-μm polycarbonate filter and the filters were
 then used for downstream analysis. The samples were frozen at -20°C and
 kept for DNA extraction.
description: The readme file contains an explanation of each of the variables
 in the dataset and its measurement unit. #NA =  values not available.
 Information on how the data were collected and processed can be found in
 the associated manuscript referenced above.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkgz
title: Supplementary data from: Fish intake and MRI burden of cerebrovascular disease in older adults

description: Background and Objective: Fish intake may prevent cerebrovascular disease
 (CVD), yet the mechanisms are unclear, especially regarding its impact on
 subclinical damage. Assuming that fish may have pleiotropic effect on
 cerebrovascular health, we investigated the association of fish intake
 with global CVD burden based on brain MRI markers. Methods: This
 cross-sectional analysis included participants from the Three-City Dijon
 population-based cohort study (aged ≥65 years) without dementia, stroke,
 or history of hospitalized cardiovascular disease, who underwent brain MRI
 with an automated assessment of white matter hyperintensities, visual
 detection of covert infarcts, and grading of dilated perivascular spaces.
 Fish intake was assessed through a frequency questionnaire and the primary
 outcome measure of CVD burden was defined as the first component of a
 factorial analysis of mixed data applied to MRI markers. The association
 of fish intake with the CVD burden indicator was studied using linear
 regressions. Results: In total, 1,623 participants (mean age, 72.3 years;
 63% women) were included. The first component of factorial analysis (32.4%
 of explained variance) was associated with higher levels of all three MRI
 markers. Higher fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden. In a
 model adjusted for total intracranial volume, compared to participants
 consuming fish less than once a week, those consuming fish 2 to 3 times
 per week and ≥4 times per week had a β = -0.19 units (95% CI, -0.37;
 -0.01) and β = -0.30 (-0.57; -0.03) lower indicator of global CVD burden,
 respectively (P for trend &lt;0.001). We found evidence of effect
 modification by age, so that the association of fish to CVD was stronger
 in younger participants (65-69 years) and not significant in the older age
 group (≥75 years). For comparison, in the younger age group, consuming
 fish 2-3 times a week was roughly equivalent (in the opposite direction)
 to the effect of hypertension, and consuming fish ≥4 times had double that
 effect. Discussion: In this large population-based study, higher frequency
 of fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden, especially among
 participants younger than 75 years, suggesting a beneficial effect on
 brain vascular health before manifestation of overt brain disease.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rhq
title: Data from: Compensatory adaptation and diversification subsequent to evolutionary rescue in a model adaptive radiation

description: Biological populations may survive lethal environmental stress through
 evolutionary rescue.  The rescued populations typically suffer a
 reduction in growth performance and harbour very low genetic diversity
 compared with their parental populations.  The present study
 addresses how population size and within-population diversity may recover
 through compensatory evolution, using the experimental adaptive radiation
 of bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens.  We exposed bacterial
 populations to an antibiotic treatment; and then imposed a
 one-individual-size population bottleneck on those surviving the
 antibiotic stress.  During the subsequent compensatory evolution,
 population size increased and leveled off very rapidly.  The
 increase of diversity was of slower paces and persisted longer.
  In the very early stage of compensatory evolution, populations
 of large sizes had a greater chance to diversify; however, this
 productivity-diversification relationship was not observed in later
 stages.  Population size and diversity from the end of the
 compensatory evolution was not contingent on initial population growth
 performance.  We discussed the possibility that our results be
 explained by the emergence of a “holey” fitness landscape under the
 antibiotic stress.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.98sf7m0j9
title: No water, no mating: Connecting dots from behaviour to pathways

description: Insects hold considerable ecological and agricultural importance making it
 vital to understand the factors impacting their reproductive output.
 Environmental stressors are examples of such factors which have a
 substantial and significant influence on insect reproductive fitness.
 Insects are also ectothermic and small in size which makes them even more
 susceptible to environmental stresses. The present study assesses the
 consequence of desiccation on the mating latency and copulations duration
 in tropical Drosophila melanogaster. We tested flies for these
 reproductive behavioral parameters at varying body water levels and with
 whole metabolome analysis in order to gain a further understanding of the
 physiological response to desiccation. Our results showed that the
 duration of desiccation is positively correlated with mating latency and
 mating failure, while having no influence on the copulation duration. The
 metabolomic analysis revealed three biological pathways highly affected by
 desiccation: starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and
 phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results are
 consistent with carbohydrate metabolism providing an energy source in
 desiccated flies and also suggests that the phenylalanine biosynthesis
 pathway plays a role in the reproductive fitness of the flies. 
 Desiccation is a common issue with smaller insects, like Drosophila and
 other tropical insects, and our findings indicate that this lack of
 ambient water can immediately and drastically affect the insect
 reproductive behaviour, which becomes more crucial because of
 unpredictable and dynamic weather conditions.
description: This data file contains mating assays data for the following
 parameters-copulations success, mating duration and mating latency, and
 water content. Four to five-day-old virgin <em>Drosophila
 melanogaster </em>flies were used for all the assays. Copulation
 success has been presented in number (number of pairs mated). Mating
 duration and mating latency are given in minutes and weight data is in
 milligrams.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n02v6wwx5
title: Data from: The alternative oxidase (AOX) increases sulphide tolerance in the highly invasive marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis

description: Ecological communities and biodiversity are shaped by both abiotic and
 biotic factors. This is well illustrated by extreme environments and
 invasive species. With global change, hydrogen sulphide is an increasing
 threat for many multicellular organisms. As the formation, size, and
 abundance of hydrogen sulphide-rich marine environments increase, many
 species are challenged with the inhibiting effect of sulphide on the
 aerobic energy production via cytochrome c oxidase, ultimately causing the
 death of the organism. Interestingly, many protist, yeast, plant, and also
 animal species possess a sulphide-resistant alternative oxidase (AOX). In
 this study, we investigated whether AOX is functionally involved in
 sulphide stress response of the highly invasive marine tunicate, Ciona
 intestinalis. At the LC50, the sulphide effect on developmental success of
 AOX knock-down Ciona embryos was three times stronger than on control
 groups. Further, AOX mRNA levels were higher under sulphide than control
 conditions - and this effect increased with embryonic development.
 Together, we found that AOX is indeed functionally involved in the
 sulphide tolerance of Ciona embryos, hence, very likely contributing to
 its invasive potential; and that AOX tends to underlie transcriptional
 control. We suggest that AOX-possessing species play an important role in
 shaping marine ecological communities, and this importance may increase
 under ongoing global change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmfm
title: Long-term measures of climate unpredictability shape the avian endocrine stress axis

description: The vertebrate glucocorticoid stress response is an important mechanism
 facilitating pleiotropic phenotypic adjustments for coping with
 environmental change and optimizing fitness. Although circulating
 glucocorticoid hormones are mediators of plasticity that individuals can
 adjust rapidly in response to environmental challenges, they are also
 shaped by ecological selection. It remains unclear, however, how
 environmental variation on different timescales influences
 glucocorticoids. Here, we use an intraspecific comparative approach to
 determine how variation in precipitation on different timescales (months,
 years, decades) shapes distinct components of the glucocorticoid response.
 We sampled superb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus) at eight sites across
 Kenya in multiple years that differed in precipitation. Among-population
 variation in baseline glucocorticoids was shaped by both short- and
 long-term precipitation, whereas variation in stress-induced levels was
 poorly explained by precipitation on any timescale. Adrenal sensitivity,
 quantified via adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections, was shaped
 by long-term precipitation and highest in unpredictable environments.
 Together, these results suggest that variation in glucocorticoids can be
 best explained by environmental variation at timescales that extend beyond
 the lives of individuals, though baseline glucocorticoids also reflect
 short-term environmental conditions. Patterns of long-term precipitation
 may represent a microevolutionary selective pressure shaping the endocrine
 stress axis across populations and influencing how individuals cope with
 environmental change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk8v
title: Why do parasites exhibit reverse latitudinal diversity gradients? Testing the roles of host diversity, habitat, and climate

description: Aim: The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) – in which species richness
 decreases from the equator toward the poles – is among the most
 fundamental distributional patterns in ecology. Despite the expectation
 that the diversity of parasites tracks that of their hosts, available
 evidence suggests that many parasites exhibit reverse latitudinal
 gradients or no pattern, yet the rarity of large-scale datasets on
 host-parasite interactions calls into question the robustness of such
 trends. Here, we collected parasitological data from a host group of
 conservation importance – lentic-breeding amphibians – to characterize the
 form and direction of relationships among latitude, parasite richness, and
 parasite load. Location: The contiguous USA. Time period: 2000 to 2014.
 Major taxa studied: Lentic-breeding frogs and toads and their helminth
 parasites. Methods: We collected information on parasite richness and
 infection load for 846 amphibian populations representing 31 species. We
 combined these data with environmental and biological data to test for
 LDGs and potential mechanisms. Results: Both parasite richness and
 abundance increased across 20 degrees of latitude – a reverse LDG. For
 parasite richness, this pattern was partially explained by latitudinal
 increases in wetland area, landcover diversity, and the richness of
 waterbirds – which function as definitive hosts for many amphibian
 parasites. Host body size also correlated positively with latitude and
 helminth richness, potentially reflecting increased habitat availability,
 greater host longevity, or a persistent phylogenetic signal. Parasite
 abundance associated positively with wetland area and landcover diversity,
 but negatively with amphibian taxonomic richness. Longitude exhibited
 non-linear relationships with parasite abundance and richness, which we
 suggest stem from large-scale variation in host availability (e.g.,
 migratory bird flyways). Main conclusions: With growing interest in the
 distribution of parasites and pathogens, these results highlight the
 importance of inverse latitudinal gradients while emphasizing the
 explanatory influence of host body size, habitat availability, and host
 diversity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnc3
title: Table of C4 model equations used to explore the effect of irradiance, CO2 and temperature on C4 photosynthesis

description: C4 plants play a key role in world agriculture. For example, C4 crops such
 as maize and sorghum are major contributors to both first and third world
 food production and the C4 grasses sugarcane, miscanthus and switchgrass
 are major plant sources of bioenergy. In the challenge to manipulate and
 enhance C4 photosynthesis, steady state models of leaf photosynthesis
 provide an important tool for gas exchange analysis and thought
 experiments that can explore photosynthetic pathway changes. 
 Here the C4 photosynthetic model by von Caemmerer and Furbank (1999) has
 been updated with new kinetic parameterisation and temperature
 dependencies added. The parameterisation was derived from experiments on
 the C4 monocot, Setaria viridis, which for the first time provides a
 cohesive parametrisation.  Mesophyll conductance and its
 temperature dependence have also been included, as this is an important
 step in the quantitative correlation between the initial slope of the CO2
 response curve of CO2 assimilation and in vitro PEP carboxylase
 activity.  Furthermore, the equations for chloroplast electron
 transport have been updated to include cyclic electron transport flow and
 equations have been added to calculate electron transport rate from
 measured CO2 assimilation rates.
description: This data table is an excel spreadsheet that contains the
 equations of the C4 model used to generate figures in the manuscript. It
 can be used to explore the effect of irradiance, CO2 and temperature on C4
 photosynthesis.  Photosynthetic enzyme amounts and electron transport
 capacity can also be varied