DOI: 10.5061/dryad.436c0
title: Data from: Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors

description: 1.Exotic species often cause severe alterations in native communities due
 to their ability to rapidly and efficiently utilize a broad spectrum of
 resources. In flower-visitor interactions, the breadth of resource use by
 native and exotic animals as well as the partitioning of resources among
 them is often estimated based on the number of (shared) plant species used
 as resources. However, whether a flower visitor is able to exploit plant
 resources has been shown to be delimited by functional floral traits such
 as morphological barriers or attractive or repellent chemical cues. Each
 of the ecologically relevant traits can be viewed as a dimension of a
 Hutchinsonian n-dimensional hypervolume, which characterizes the range of
 phenotypes exploitable by a species. 2.In this study, we quantified the
 sizes and overlaps of n-dimensional hypervolumes defined by floral traits
 that are exploitable by native and exotic flower visitors (afterwards
 referred to as exploited space, ES). In the heavily invaded Hawai'i
 Volcanoes National Park, USA, we phenotyped 40 native and exotic plant
 species and recorded flower-visitor interactions. To quantify the size and
 overlap of ES, we applied dynamic range boxes (dynRB). 3.On average,
 exotic flower visitors were more generalized in resource use (larger ES)
 than natives ones, which is additionally indicated by the absence of
 native flower visitors on exotic flowering plant species. In particular,
 ES based on floral scent emission was larger for exotic flower visitors
 compared to native ones. The unevenly expanded ES of native and exotic
 animals led to an asymmetric overlap of floral ES where the exotic flower
 visitors shared only a small proportion of their ES with natives but
 occupied a large proportion of the ES of natives. 4.The asymmetry in
 resource use of native and exotic flower visitors suggests a potential
 advantage in resource exploitation of the latter, potentially explaining
 their success in Hawaiian ecosystems. Predicted range expansion of exotic
 plant and animal species may further increase the competition for and
 reduce the availability of resources for native animals. This may lead to
 further declines of native species and increasing threats for Hawaiian
 ecosystems.
description: Kuppler et al. exploited
 space overlap of native and exotic flower visitors (single
 dimensions)Overlap for each
 exploited space dimension of native and exotic flower visitor species.
 Dimension-wise exploited space size were calculated for floral morphology,
 weather conditions and floral scent compounds using dynamic range boxes
 (Junker et al., 2016, MEE).Kuppler et al. Emission
 rate of floral volatilesEmission rate of
 volatiles originating from six biochemical pathways in native and exotic
 plant species. For all functional groups emission rate in ng h[-1]
 100mg[-1] dry mass flower are given. Functional groups are aliphatics (A),
 aromatics (AR), C5-branched pathway (C5), irregular terpenes (IT),
 monoterpenes (MT), sesquiterpenes (ST). The sample of Sesbania tomentosa
 was broken and thus this sample was excluded.Kuppler et al. exploited
 space size of native and exotic flower visitors (single
 dimensions)Size for each exploited
 space dimension of native and exotic flower visitor species.
 Dimension-wise exploited space size were calculated for all measured
 floral traits, weather conditions and floral scent compounds using dynamic
 range boxes (Junker et al., 2016, MEE).Kuppler et al. Native
 and exotic flower-visitor species observed in the studyObserved native and
 exotic flower visiting taxa. Taxa names are given as species names,
 morphospecies (M1, M2, etc.) or as genera potentially comprising several
 species.Kuppler et al. Native
 and exotic plant species observed in the studyNative and exotic plant
 species observed in the study. Given are number of occurrences on study
 sites and number of floral units (inflorescence or flower) on all study
 sites.Kuppler et al. Native
 and exotic species exploited space size and overlap (full exploited
 space)Size and overlap for
 each exploited space of native and exotic flower visitor species.
 Exploited space size and overlap were calculated including measured floral
 morphology, weather conditions and floral scent compounds using dynamic
 range boxes (Junker et al., 2016, MEE).Kuppler et al. Native
 and exotic species exploited space size and overlap
 (Morphology)Size and overlap for
 each exploited space of native and exotic flower visitor species.
 Exploited space size and overlap were calculated including floral
 morphology using dynamic range boxes (Junker et al., 2016,
 MEE).Kuppler et al. Native
 and exotic species exploited space size and overlap
 (scent)Size and overlap for
 each exploited space of native and exotic flower visitor species.
 Exploited space size and overlap were calculated including floral scent
 compounds using dynamic range boxes (Junker et al., 2016,
 MEE).Kuppler et al. Native
 and exotic species exploited space size and overlap
 (weather)Size and overlap for
 each exploited space of native and exotic flower visitor species.
 Exploited space size and overlap were calculated including weather
 conditions using dynamic range boxes (Junker et al., 2016,
 MEE).Kuppler et al. Plot
 descripitionDescription of study
 sites.