cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509002.v1
title: Seismic expression of depositional elements associated with a strongly progradational shelf margin: northern Santos Basin, southeastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Seismic facies analysis and seismic geomorphology are important tools for the analysis of depositional elements in subsurface. This paper aimed to investigate the character and genesis of depositional elements and erosive features associated with an Eocene progradational shelf margin in northern Santos Basin. Identified seismic facies are interpreted as shelf-margin deltas/shoreface deposits, tangential (oblique) clinoforms, sigmoidal clinoforms, topset reflectors, mass-transport deposits and turbidites. These facies are grouped into four associations representing periods of relatively constant environmental conditions. Association 1 is composed of shelf-margin deltas/shoreface deposits, tangential clinoforms and extensive sand-rich turbidites disposed as submarine channels and frontal splays. A progressive increase in clinoform angle within this association has been identified, culminating in high-relief sigmoidal clinoforms with less voluminous turbidites of facies association 2. Association 3 is composed by subparallel to divergent topset reflectors, interpreted as continental to shelfal deposits placed during base-level rises. These are always truncated basinward by slump scars, formed as a consequence of sediment overload at the shelf margin during aggradations. Association 4 is composed of sigmoidal clinoforms, mass-transport deposits and turbidites. Early clinoforms are steeper as a consequence of the topography of the slump scars. Subsequently, dip angles become progressively gentler as the system approach to the equilibrium profile. The steep physiography was favorable for canyon incision, which played an important role in turbidite deposition. Mass-transport deposits, formed subsequent to slope collapse, are composed of mud-rich diamictites, and show strong internal deformation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510049
title: The Piriá aluminous lateritic profile: mineralogy, geochemistry and parent rock

description: ABSTRACT: Relatively small aluminous lateritic deposits are abundant in the northeast and northwest parts of the Pará and Maranhão states, respectively. Most of them hosts aluminum phosphate mineralization forming hills and plateaus that stand out in the topography of the undulating plains of this region. The Piriá ridge is one of those topographic features, covered by lateritic iron crusts that have been studied in the 1970s as part of iron ore exploration campaigns and recently for phosphates prospection. This study improves the knowledge about the evolution of the lateritic Piriá deposit and demonstrates its relationship with the most evolved laterites of the Amazon, known as mature laterites, which formed major ore deposits during the Paleogene. Samples of a 17 meter-deep borehole were investigated through mineralogical (X-ray diffraction -XRD, optical and electron microscopy) and chemical methods (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - ICP-OES and X-ray fluorescence - XRF). The studied lateritic profile comprises a clay bauxitic horizon overlaid by an aluminous iron crust. Upwardly continuous dissolution of kaolinite occurs with the formation of gibbsite, as the result of intensive leaching, resulting in a higher Al2O3 content in the crust. The continuous formation of hematite from goethite resulted from the transition to more arid conditions. Anatase is a newly formed mineral (100-400 nm crystallites), showing a gradual increase, following the increase in TiO2 content, which is high and indicative of a mafic parent rock, confirmed by the Ti × Zr dispersion pattern. Prominent zoning in the lateritic profile is characterized by the mineralization in bauxite and augelite and abrupt chemical transition between the horizons, marked by a decrease in Si and increase in Fe content from the bottom to the top of the profile. These features are compatible and indicative of mature laterites formed in Amazon during the Paleogene.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510049.v1
title: The Piriá aluminous lateritic profile: mineralogy, geochemistry and parent rock

description: ABSTRACT: Relatively small aluminous lateritic deposits are abundant in the northeast and northwest parts of the Pará and Maranhão states, respectively. Most of them hosts aluminum phosphate mineralization forming hills and plateaus that stand out in the topography of the undulating plains of this region. The Piriá ridge is one of those topographic features, covered by lateritic iron crusts that have been studied in the 1970s as part of iron ore exploration campaigns and recently for phosphates prospection. This study improves the knowledge about the evolution of the lateritic Piriá deposit and demonstrates its relationship with the most evolved laterites of the Amazon, known as mature laterites, which formed major ore deposits during the Paleogene. Samples of a 17 meter-deep borehole were investigated through mineralogical (X-ray diffraction -XRD, optical and electron microscopy) and chemical methods (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - ICP-OES and X-ray fluorescence - XRF). The studied lateritic profile comprises a clay bauxitic horizon overlaid by an aluminous iron crust. Upwardly continuous dissolution of kaolinite occurs with the formation of gibbsite, as the result of intensive leaching, resulting in a higher Al2O3 content in the crust. The continuous formation of hematite from goethite resulted from the transition to more arid conditions. Anatase is a newly formed mineral (100-400 nm crystallites), showing a gradual increase, following the increase in TiO2 content, which is high and indicative of a mafic parent rock, confirmed by the Ti × Zr dispersion pattern. Prominent zoning in the lateritic profile is characterized by the mineralization in bauxite and augelite and abrupt chemical transition between the horizons, marked by a decrease in Si and increase in Fe content from the bottom to the top of the profile. These features are compatible and indicative of mature laterites formed in Amazon during the Paleogene.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7519265
title: The tectonic significance of the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain in the SE Brazilian margin: a Paleoproterozoic through Cretaceous saga of a reworked continental margin

description: ABSTRACT: The Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain is composed of a Paleoproterozoic basement tectonically interleaved with Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks (Buzios-Palmital successions). It is in contact with the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Ribeira Orogen along the SE Brazilian coast. The basement was part of at least three continental margins: (a) 1.97 Ga; (b) 0.59 - 0.53 Ga; (c) 0.14 Ga to today. It consists of continental magmatic arc rocks of 1.99 to 1.94 Ga. Zircon cores show a 2.5 - 2.6 Ga inheritance from the ancient margin of the Congo Craton. During the Ediacaran, this domain was thinned and intruded by tholeiitic mafic dykes during the development of an oceanic basin at ca. 0.59 Ma. After the tectonic inversion, these basin deposits reached high P-T metamorphic conditions, by subduction of the oceanic lithosphere, and were later exhumed as nappes over the basement. The Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain collided with the arc domain of the Ribeira Orogen at ca. 0.54 Ga. It is not an exotic block, but the eastern transition between this orogen and the Congo Craton. Almost 400 m.y. later, the South Atlantic rift zone followed roughly this suture, not coincidently. It shows how the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain was reactivated as a continental margin in successive extensional and convergent events through geological time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7519265.v1
title: The tectonic significance of the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain in the SE Brazilian margin: a Paleoproterozoic through Cretaceous saga of a reworked continental margin

description: ABSTRACT: The Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain is composed of a Paleoproterozoic basement tectonically interleaved with Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks (Buzios-Palmital successions). It is in contact with the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Ribeira Orogen along the SE Brazilian coast. The basement was part of at least three continental margins: (a) 1.97 Ga; (b) 0.59 - 0.53 Ga; (c) 0.14 Ga to today. It consists of continental magmatic arc rocks of 1.99 to 1.94 Ga. Zircon cores show a 2.5 - 2.6 Ga inheritance from the ancient margin of the Congo Craton. During the Ediacaran, this domain was thinned and intruded by tholeiitic mafic dykes during the development of an oceanic basin at ca. 0.59 Ma. After the tectonic inversion, these basin deposits reached high P-T metamorphic conditions, by subduction of the oceanic lithosphere, and were later exhumed as nappes over the basement. The Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain collided with the arc domain of the Ribeira Orogen at ca. 0.54 Ga. It is not an exotic block, but the eastern transition between this orogen and the Congo Craton. Almost 400 m.y. later, the South Atlantic rift zone followed roughly this suture, not coincidently. It shows how the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain was reactivated as a continental margin in successive extensional and convergent events through geological time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513208
title: The tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Brasília Belt, central Brazil: a geochronological and isotopic approach

description: ABSTRACT: The Brasília Belt is one of the most complete Neoproterozoic orogens in western Gondwana. Rapid progress on the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the belt was achieved due to new U-Pb data, combined with Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf analyses. The evolution of the Brasília orogen happened over a long period of time (900 - 600 Ma) involving subduction, magmatism and terrain accretion, as a result of the consumption of the Goiás oceanic lithosphere. Provenance studies, based on U-Pb zircon data, indicate that the sedimentary rock units record different tectonic settings and stages of the evolution of the orogen. The Paranoá and Canastra groups represent passive margin sequences derived from the erosion of the São Francisco Craton. The Araxá and Ibiá groups, however, have dominant Neoproterozoic detrital zircon populations, as young as 650 Ma, suggesting derivation from the Goiás Magmatic Arc. The Goiás Magmatic Arc represents a composite arc terrain, formed by the accretion of older (ca. 0.9 - 0.8 Ga) intraoceanic island arc(s), followed by more evolved continental arcs. It extends for several thousand kilometers, from SW Goiás, through NE Brazil and into Africa. Metamorphism took place between 650 - 630 Ma reflecting final closure of the Goiás Ocean and continental collision.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513208.v1
title: The tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Brasília Belt, central Brazil: a geochronological and isotopic approach

description: ABSTRACT: The Brasília Belt is one of the most complete Neoproterozoic orogens in western Gondwana. Rapid progress on the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the belt was achieved due to new U-Pb data, combined with Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf analyses. The evolution of the Brasília orogen happened over a long period of time (900 - 600 Ma) involving subduction, magmatism and terrain accretion, as a result of the consumption of the Goiás oceanic lithosphere. Provenance studies, based on U-Pb zircon data, indicate that the sedimentary rock units record different tectonic settings and stages of the evolution of the orogen. The Paranoá and Canastra groups represent passive margin sequences derived from the erosion of the São Francisco Craton. The Araxá and Ibiá groups, however, have dominant Neoproterozoic detrital zircon populations, as young as 650 Ma, suggesting derivation from the Goiás Magmatic Arc. The Goiás Magmatic Arc represents a composite arc terrain, formed by the accretion of older (ca. 0.9 - 0.8 Ga) intraoceanic island arc(s), followed by more evolved continental arcs. It extends for several thousand kilometers, from SW Goiás, through NE Brazil and into Africa. Metamorphism took place between 650 - 630 Ma reflecting final closure of the Goiás Ocean and continental collision.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516451
title: U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) of detrital zircon and whole rock Nd and geochemical constraints on the provenance, depositional age and tectonic setting of the metasedimentary Piriá Basin, northern Brazil: implications for the evolution of the Gurupi Belt

description: ABSTRACT: The Piriá Basin (Piriá Formation) is a hemi-graben shaped basin that developed over Precambrian rocks of the Gurupi Belt. The lithological content comprises four interfingered lithofacies: (1) arkose and greywacke with pelite layers, (2) laminated siltstones and pelites, (3) arkose with hummocky stratification, and (4) oligomictic conglomerate. This sequence was formed in alluvial fans (conglomerate), and fluvial systems (arkose, greywacke, siltstones and pelites) that were established and evolved during the migration of the subsidence. The sedimentary sequence underwent anquimetamorphism and very weak tectonic deformation. U-Pb analyses of detrital zircon set the maximum depositional age at 591 Ma and indicate several sediment sources, that range in age from the Neoproterozoic to the Archean. The main sources are from the Rhyacian, which is the main period of continental crust formation in the São Luís cratonic fragment and the basement of the Gurupi Belt. Neoproterozoic sources were important in the eastern segment of the basin. Ages from unknown sources in the region so far have also been recorded. Combined, the U-Pb zircon data, the whole-rock geochemical and Sm-Nd results, and the petrographic information revealed proximal felsic to intermediate provenance, in addition to recycled sedimentary sources. As a whole, our data suggest that the Piriá Formation was deposited in a post-orogenic basin related to the final stage of evolution of the Brasiliano cycle of orogenies, which built up the Gurupi Belt.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516451.v1
title: U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) of detrital zircon and whole rock Nd and geochemical constraints on the provenance, depositional age and tectonic setting of the metasedimentary Piriá Basin, northern Brazil: implications for the evolution of the Gurupi Belt

description: ABSTRACT: The Piriá Basin (Piriá Formation) is a hemi-graben shaped basin that developed over Precambrian rocks of the Gurupi Belt. The lithological content comprises four interfingered lithofacies: (1) arkose and greywacke with pelite layers, (2) laminated siltstones and pelites, (3) arkose with hummocky stratification, and (4) oligomictic conglomerate. This sequence was formed in alluvial fans (conglomerate), and fluvial systems (arkose, greywacke, siltstones and pelites) that were established and evolved during the migration of the subsidence. The sedimentary sequence underwent anquimetamorphism and very weak tectonic deformation. U-Pb analyses of detrital zircon set the maximum depositional age at 591 Ma and indicate several sediment sources, that range in age from the Neoproterozoic to the Archean. The main sources are from the Rhyacian, which is the main period of continental crust formation in the São Luís cratonic fragment and the basement of the Gurupi Belt. Neoproterozoic sources were important in the eastern segment of the basin. Ages from unknown sources in the region so far have also been recorded. Combined, the U-Pb zircon data, the whole-rock geochemical and Sm-Nd results, and the petrographic information revealed proximal felsic to intermediate provenance, in addition to recycled sedimentary sources. As a whole, our data suggest that the Piriá Formation was deposited in a post-orogenic basin related to the final stage of evolution of the Brasiliano cycle of orogenies, which built up the Gurupi Belt.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506704
title: Optically stimulated luminescence and isothermal thermoluminescence dating of high sensitivity and well bleached quartz from Brazilian sediments: from Late Holocene to beyond the Quaternary?

description: ABSTRACT: The development of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments has led to considerable advance in the geochronology of the Quaternary. OSL dating is a well established technique to determine sediment burial ages from tens of years to few hundred thousand years. Recent studies have shown that Quaternary sediments of Brazil are dominated by quartz grains with high luminescence sensitivity, allowing the determination of precise and reliable OSL burial ages. In this paper, we show examples of OSL dating of quartz aliquots and single grains from different regions in Brazil, including young coastal-eolian Late Holocene (&lt; 100 years) to Late Pleistocene (~ 150 ka) fluvial sediments. We discuss the OSL data and ages of sediments from carbonate and terrigenous (distributary and tributary systems) fluvial depositional contexts in Brazil. Most of the studied fluvial sediments show equivalent dose distributions with low to moderate dispersion, suggesting well bleached sediments. The comparison between aliquot and single grain data suggests that high overdispersion in equivalent dose distributions of some samples is more related with sediment mixture due to bioturbation than with incomplete bleaching during transport. Well bleached fluvial sediments contrast with the poor bleached pattern usually described for fluvial sediments in the literature. A large part of the fluvial sedimentary record in Brazil is older than the age limit for quartz OSL dating using blue light stimulation. Thus, isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) dating protocols were tested for dating of fluvial sands from the Xingu River (eastern Amazonia). The studied sample can recover reliable equivalent doses up to 1600 Gy using the ITL 310oC signal. Therefore, this signal would be suitable to extend the age limit of quartz luminescence to the whole Quaternary or beyond (&gt; 2 Ma) in the low dose rate (0.5 - 1.0 Gy/ka) environments typical for Brazilian sediments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506704.v1
title: Optically stimulated luminescence and isothermal thermoluminescence dating of high sensitivity and well bleached quartz from Brazilian sediments: from Late Holocene to beyond the Quaternary?

description: ABSTRACT: The development of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments has led to considerable advance in the geochronology of the Quaternary. OSL dating is a well established technique to determine sediment burial ages from tens of years to few hundred thousand years. Recent studies have shown that Quaternary sediments of Brazil are dominated by quartz grains with high luminescence sensitivity, allowing the determination of precise and reliable OSL burial ages. In this paper, we show examples of OSL dating of quartz aliquots and single grains from different regions in Brazil, including young coastal-eolian Late Holocene (&lt; 100 years) to Late Pleistocene (~ 150 ka) fluvial sediments. We discuss the OSL data and ages of sediments from carbonate and terrigenous (distributary and tributary systems) fluvial depositional contexts in Brazil. Most of the studied fluvial sediments show equivalent dose distributions with low to moderate dispersion, suggesting well bleached sediments. The comparison between aliquot and single grain data suggests that high overdispersion in equivalent dose distributions of some samples is more related with sediment mixture due to bioturbation than with incomplete bleaching during transport. Well bleached fluvial sediments contrast with the poor bleached pattern usually described for fluvial sediments in the literature. A large part of the fluvial sedimentary record in Brazil is older than the age limit for quartz OSL dating using blue light stimulation. Thus, isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) dating protocols were tested for dating of fluvial sands from the Xingu River (eastern Amazonia). The studied sample can recover reliable equivalent doses up to 1600 Gy using the ITL 310oC signal. Therefore, this signal would be suitable to extend the age limit of quartz luminescence to the whole Quaternary or beyond (&gt; 2 Ma) in the low dose rate (0.5 - 1.0 Gy/ka) environments typical for Brazilian sediments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507256
title: In situ Sr isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS of igneous apatite and plagioclase from magmatic rocks at the CPGeo-USP

description: ABSTRACT: This contribution describes the successful implementation of in situ Sr isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS at the CPGeo-USP. The choice for an analytical configuration using measurements of half-masses allows the accurate assessment of lanthanide interferences, permitting the determination of Sr isotopes in important REE-rich accessory phases, such as apatite. Likewise, the on-peak-zero method effectively corrects the background contribution (both from Kr and residual Sr contributions from previous ablations) to the signals of the unknown samples. The analytical campaigns resulted in an accuracy, in respect to reference TIMS values, better than 57 ppm (~ ±0.000057 2σ SD) for a modern coral and the Batjberg clinopyroxene which impart significant quality to our data. Similarly, the majority of the stable Sr isotope ratios are close to the accepted values, which also confirms the effectiveness of the method. The achieved accuracy allows the identification and investigation of spatially-controlled isotopic heterogeneities on the micrometric scale in several Sr-rich minerals (apatite, carbonates, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene) with important implications to the understanding of relevant geochemical processes, particularly AFC, source geochemical heterogeneities and magma-mixing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507256.v1
title: In situ Sr isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS of igneous apatite and plagioclase from magmatic rocks at the CPGeo-USP

description: ABSTRACT: This contribution describes the successful implementation of in situ Sr isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS at the CPGeo-USP. The choice for an analytical configuration using measurements of half-masses allows the accurate assessment of lanthanide interferences, permitting the determination of Sr isotopes in important REE-rich accessory phases, such as apatite. Likewise, the on-peak-zero method effectively corrects the background contribution (both from Kr and residual Sr contributions from previous ablations) to the signals of the unknown samples. The analytical campaigns resulted in an accuracy, in respect to reference TIMS values, better than 57 ppm (~ ±0.000057 2σ SD) for a modern coral and the Batjberg clinopyroxene which impart significant quality to our data. Similarly, the majority of the stable Sr isotope ratios are close to the accepted values, which also confirms the effectiveness of the method. The achieved accuracy allows the identification and investigation of spatially-controlled isotopic heterogeneities on the micrometric scale in several Sr-rich minerals (apatite, carbonates, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene) with important implications to the understanding of relevant geochemical processes, particularly AFC, source geochemical heterogeneities and magma-mixing.