DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sftr
title: Data from: Sexual selection and population spatial structure interact to shape sex-specific evolutionary responses in physiology

description: Different selection pressures acting on females and males arising from
 sexual selection and sexual conflict may lead to sex-specific phenotypic
 expression of physiological traits. Importantly, sexual selection is
 affected by ecological and demographic factors. We explored whether
 population spatial structure modulates the effect of sexual selection on
 male and female standard metabolic rates and oxidative stress. For this
 purpose, we used selection lines of the seed beetle Callosobruchus
 maculatus subjected to divergent evolutionary regimes in the intensity of
 sexual selection (high vs. low, in polygamous vs. enforced monogamous
 populations, respectively) and the presence of metapopulation structure
 (absent vs. present). We found that the evolutionary treatments impacted
 physiological traits in a complex way. While in the selection regimes
 simulating metapopulation structure (i.e., divided populations) both sexes
 had similar metabolic rates, in undivided (unstructured) populations males
 had lower rates than females. Males from polygamous and undivided
 populations showed the lowest levels of antioxidant enzymes quantified as
 SOD, resulting in strong sexual dimorphism in SOD levels in this selection
 regime. The oxidative damage to lipids measured as TBARS levels, instead,
 were highest for both males and females from monogamous and undivided
 populations. On the whole, our results reveal two key insights. First,
 physiological traits evolve differently in females and males in response
 to sexual selection intensity and population spatial structure. Second,
 such sex-specific physiological responses are linked to selective
 pressures acting mostly on males. We highlight the importance of
 considering ecological and demographic factors when evaluating whether
 sexual selection drives sex-specific trait
 evolution.    
description: # Data from: Sexual selection and population spatial structure interact to
 shape sex-specific evolutionary responses in physiology Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.qnk98sftr](10.5061/dryad.qnk98sftr) ## Description of the
 data and file structure We explore whether the interaction between
 population spatial structure and sexual selection shapes key male and
 female physiological traits in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus.
 To do that, we used experimental populations subjected to different
 intensities of sexual selection/conflict (monogamy vs polygamy), and
 different levels of population spatial structure (population division with
 connectivity – i.e., metapopulation structure – vs absence of population
 spatial division. Among the physiological traits, we measured metabolic
 rates, oxidative stress (TBARS) and the antioxidant capacity (SOD).  The
 sample size was: | 
 
 | Females | Males | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :------------------- | :--------------- | :-------------------- |
 ---------------------- | ---------------- | --------------------- |
 ----------------------- | | Evolutionary regime | MR (individuals) | SOD
 (line replicates) | TBARS (line replicates | MR (individuals) | SOD (line
 replicates) | TBARS (line replicates) | | Monogamy, subdivided | 63 | 16 |
 16 | 59 | 15 | 16 | | Monogamy, undivided | 61 | 16 | 15 | 57 | 16 | 15 |
 | Polygamy, subdivided | 66 | 16 | 16 | 61 | 16 | 13 | | Polygamy,
 undivided | 71 | 16 | 16 | 55 | 15 | 12 | ### Files and variables ####
 File: *Metabolic_rates.csv and Oxidative_stress.csv* **Description:** 
 ##### Variables * ID= random identification number provided to each animal
 tested * Line_id= name given to each of the 16 evolutionary lines. Nem=
 non-structured/monogamy; Em=structured/monogamy; Nep=
 non-structured/polygamy; Ep=structured/polygamy. * Sexual selection is the
 sexual selection regime of the evolutionary lines * Population structure
 is the demographic structure of the evolutionary lines * Sex is the sex of
 the animals tested * Lifespan= difference in days between the animal
 eclosed and the day of death. * Body mass is the weight of the individuals
 in mg * Metab_rate is the metabolic value obtained for each individual
 (mlCo2/min) * SOD (SOD units/mg protein) and TBARS (nmol MDA/ ml) are the
 values of each of these variables obtained for each of the 4 replicates
 per sex and line tested. * Sample= random identification number provided
 to each animal group tested *NA in the Oxidative_stress dataset means that
 the data is not available because we were unable to get a value during the
 sample processing. *NA in lifespan in the Metabolic_rates dataset means
 that we don't know the day of death of the individual.  ##
 Code/software All analyses were made in R v4.2.3, using the packages lme4,
 lsmeans and car. ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations
 of the data: * NA Data was derived from the following sources: * NA