cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/4e15f483-5b05-409e-acc0-5117fc24e90b
title: Digital 3D models and measurements of avian brain cavity, blood vessel and nerve endocasts

description: This dataset comprises cast reconstructions of brain cavity space in 60 extant avian species, derived from X-ray micro computed-tomography scan image stacks. Each reconstruction was made using Materialise Mimics 14.11 to create volumetric models (brain cavity casts) that were then transformed into the polygon mesh stereolithograph (STL) files archived here. Brain cavity cast models are in most cases accompanied by casts of main vascular features (e.g., carotid arteries) and the olfactory nerves (CN I). A data file (Data_TableComma Separated Values) based on values reported in Table 1 of Walsh et al. (2013: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067176) is included that records volume values used in the original analysis, and coding of cerebellar flocculus morphology.
description: Data were collected from avian osteological specimens held in the collections of National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, and the Natural History Museum, London. These data were derived from X-ray micro-CT scans conducted using Nikon Metrology HMX ST 225 scanners at the University of Abertay, Dundee and the Natural History museum at resolutions of 12-149 µm. Voxel segmentation of brain cavity casts was conducted using Materialise Mimics 14.11 by two team members and volume values collected from these segmentations.
DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/wxv7j
title: Data and code

description: data and code from the experiment
DOI: 10.5285/cd7db09f-edf6-4b06-b878-f1be6c649e3a
title: Conwy Catchment - Nant Y Brwyn Discharge dataset (2008-2011)

description: Discharge data and in-stream temperature for a peatland headwater stream of the Conwy catchment, North Wales are presented from March 2008 until July 2011. The stream for which the data represents is the Nant y Brwyn situated on the Migneint blanket bog within Snowdonia National Park. The purpose of the data is to calculate annual run-off estimates for the Nant y Brwyn catchment and to provide support for estimating fluvial carbon fluxes. Note: there are gaps in this data set due to equipment/battery failures and/or freezing of the stream.
Note dates added to dataset name on 22/06/2017
description: Stage (or water depth) and temperature are measured by a Starflow Ultrasonic Doppler Instrument every 5 minutes and averaged and recorded automatically on to an integrated data logger every 15 minutes. This data is downloaded monthly on to a laptop and transferred on to the CEH shared drive which is in turn backed up each evening. The data is then integrated into a master file along with a diary entry for the visit detailing any relevant information or observations. This metadata is then used to help quality check the raw data, along with plotting the data to identify outliers that may be indicative of equipment failure. Data start/finish dates and times are checked to ensure a continuous data series or to note data gaps. A rating curve was produced by carrying out flow gauging over a wide range of stream flow conditions using a SonTek FlowTracker handheld ADV. A particular stream cross-section at the Starflow location was used consistently for these measurements. Velocity was determined at stations separated by 10 cm along the cross-section. Mean station velocity was measured at 0.6 * depth (Vmean=V0.6) and discharge calculated by the FlowTracker software using the default Mid Section discharge equation (Firmware Version 3.7). Calculated discharge was related to the Starflow measured stage averaged over the duration of the FlowTracker measurement (typically 30 to 60 minutes). The fitted regression curve indicated that discharge was exponentially related to stage for depths less than 0.267m, and followed a linear relationship for greater depths. The rating curve is then applied to the stage data to give the final discharge estimates.
DOI: 10.5285/ec3ed342-5dc3-448f-baaa-c3b77bff1065
title: Map of wooded riparian zones in Great Britain

description: This dataset provides a 1km resolution raster (gridded) coverage of wooded areas in riparian zones (river- or streamsides) across Great Britain.  The areas classified as riparian in this dataset are defined by a 50 metre buffer applied to the CEH 1:50000 watercourse network.  Wooded areas within this zone are identified as those classified by the Land Cover Map of Great Britain 2007 as either coniferous or deciduous woodland. The data are aggregated to a 1km resolution. 
description: The wooded riparian areas in this dataset are derived from the  CEH 1:50000 watercourse network and the Land Cover Map of Great Britain 2007.  Details of data processing are contained in the supporting information available with the dataset.
DOI: 10.5285/4b392dc0-0219-4494-8420-82e42b93b445
title: Estimates of anthropogenic emissions of metals and air pollutants in the UK at a 1km resolution, 1750-2100

description: This dataset estimates and spatially distributes anthropogenic emissions of five metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb & Zn) and seven air pollutants (CO, NH3, NOx, PM2.5, PM10, SOx & NMVOCs) in the UK, on a 1km x 1km resolution, from 1750 to 2100.

The data from 1970 to 2018 are represented by the UK’s National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory and, as such, the Selected Nomenclature for Air Pollution (SNAP) sector classification system is used throughout the entire time series for consistency (see https://naei.beis.gov.uk/ for details).

The work was supported by the UK-SCAPE programme funded by Natural Environmental Research Council National Capability (Award NE/R016429/1)
description: Key sources of emissions prior to 1970 were identified through both assessment of emissions sectors back through time from present day to 1970 and also fuel usage through the same period. Data for identified sources, pre-1970, were derived from a multitude of statistical resources, literature, government records etc. Key sources (and their emissions estimations) were matched and aggregated to the SNAP sector emissions classification.

Data post-2018 are informed by UK-specific versions of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) for 2040, 2070 and 2100. Emissions estimates for 2018 are scaled in-line with semi-quantitative trends for a variety of indicators. 

Emissions were spatially distributed at a 1km x 1km resolution, on the British National Grid, using a series of sensible proxy representatives such as population, employment record, land use, recorded statistics etc.
DOI: 10.5285/e763d84c-8ac2-4be5-8598-b2cf801367ce
title: Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS) soil electrical conductivity on salt marsh sites at Morecambe Bay and Essex

description: The dataset comprises the electrical conductivity of a 10 gram soil sample from the top 5 centimetre (cm) of soil taken within each 1metre (m) x 1m quadrat. Sampling was conducted at six salt marsh sites at four spatial scales: 1 m (the minimal sampling unit) nested within a hierarchy of increasing scales of 1-10 m, 10-100 m and 100-1000 m. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England. The Morecambe Bay samples were taken during the winter and summer of 2013. The Essex samples were taken during the winter, early spring and summer of 2013. 
This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme. 

description: 10 gram soil samples from the top 5 centimetre (cm) of soil were taken randomly within each 1metre (m) x 1m quadrat (fresh mass). Following a 1:2.5 dilution method, 25 millilitres ml of deionised water was added to the fresh mass and shaken on a rack for roughly 30 minutes. A Jenway 4320 combined pH & electrical conductivity meter was used to measure conductivity as a proxy for salinity. The location of the sample sites was determined by randomly allocated quadrats. Each site consisted of a rectangular area of saltmarsh between 400 x 500 metre (m) to 1000 x 1000 m in size, dependent upon saltmarsh length (parallel to shore) and width (perpendicular to shore), including part of the low, mid and high marsh zones. Twenty two 1 x 1 m quadrats were randomly allocated to each site rectangle using R (R Development Core Team, 2014) to specify four different spatial scales (A = 1 quadrat only, B = 3 quadrats at 1 m to 10 m apart, C = 6 quadrats at 10 m to 100 m apart, D = 12 quadrats at 100 m to 1000 m or site maximum).
DOI: 10.5285/17bebd7e-d342-49fd-b631-841ff148ecb0
title: Soil survey in England, Scotland and Wales carried out during 2013 and 2014 [LTLS]

description: Data comprise results of a soil survey in England, Scotland and Wales carried out during 2013 and 2014 as part of the NERC Macronutrient Cycles project:
LTLS : Analysing and simulating long-term and large-scale interactions of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus in UK land, freshwater and atmosphere. The data include bulk density measurements, charcoal and coal determinations, site locations and sampling dates, site vegetation data, soil chemistry and isotope data, soil classifications, information on soil cores collected and soil texture data.

description: Collection of soil at a given site. At each location cores were taken from within an area approximately 100 x 100 m. A central line was established and regular points at 11 metres (m) (when 10 cores taken) or 16 m (6 cores) paced out. Individual coring sites were chosen at random distances from each of the points on the line. 10 cores were taken for semi-natural habitats, 6 (or sometimes 10) cores for agricultural fields.
Coring. Vegetation was removed, and any loose litter. We used a van Walt split corer. The Ribble cores were taken by driving the full core into the soil, then dividing the core into two, to obtain the top 20 centimetre (cm) of soil then the next 20 cm. For the other locations, the core was driven in to a depth of 15 cm, then withdrawn and emptied, then returned to the hole to sample the next 25 cm of soil. In a number of cases not all the 40 cm depth could be sampled, and in some cases slightly more than a total of 40 cm was sampled.
DOI: 10.5285/f6b9b2b3-1ad0-4ac1-a19b-bb340427fbf1
title: Freshwater macroinvertebrate family abundances in spring and autumn, England, 2002-2019

description: This data file contains processed data derived from the Environment Agency's Ecology and Fish Explorer Macroinvertebrate database. The recorded data is the abundance of freshwater macroinvertebrates taken by the Environment Agency (EA).

The data were collected from sites throughout England, between 2002-2019, from March to May, and September to November.  Samples were collected using three-minute kick-samples, whereby a net is used to catch invertebrates and debris flowing downstream of an area in a river which is disturbed by a recorder for three minutes.  Data before 2002 were excluded as abundance of macroinvertebrates was not recorded widely before this year. 

The data were originally collected for the purpose of understanding water quality by the Environment Agency. The original EA data contains raw counts of mixed-taxonomic groupings of invertebrates and some diatoms and other taxa, from rivers in England with multiple sampling methodologies. Here, the derived data has been processed in such a way to combine counts at a single taxonomic level (family) containing only taxonomic groups of interest for the research, and the data are limited to one sampling method.
description: This data has been processed in the following manner: 
 * Data from all EA sampling regions (Anglian, Midlands, Northeast, Northwest, Southern, Southwest and Thames) have been combined into one data file
 * Samples taken outside of the Spring (March-May inclusive) and Autumn (September-November inclusive) were removed
 * Data were restricted to three-minute kick samples only (meaning 'dredge' samples were removed)
 * All data taken before 2002 were removed
 * Only data classified in the following taxa by the EA were retained: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Turbellaria, Annelida, Crustacea, Diptera and Mollusca
 * Total abundance of macroinvertebrates per Sample ID were summed at the family-level within these taxa
 * Eleven samples with anomalous abundance counts for a taxonomic group were removed from the data
 * The number of sampling occurrences was calculated for each site-season-year combination, and only sites where samples had been taken in both spring and autumn at least once for a minimum of three years in the remaining time series (2002-2019) were retained.

The data have been pooled by family and wider taxonomic groupings.
DOI: 10.5285/6429828f-6a06-4d2d-8f50-4910b18f7ff4
title: Historical (1950-2005) and projected (2006-2099) hydrological model (HMF-WA) estimates of monthly mean and annual maximum river flows across West Africa driven by CMIP5 projected climate data

description: This dataset comprises seven ensembles of hydrological model estimates of monthly mean and annual maximum river flows (m3s-1) on a 0.1° × 0.1° grid (approximate grid of 10 km × 10 km) across West Africa for historical (1950 to 2005) and projected future (2006 to 2099) periods. This dataset is the output from the Hydrological Modelling Framework for West Africa, or "HMF-WA" model. The ensembles correspond to historical and three projected future climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) with two future scenarios of water use. The scenarios of water use are (i) future water use that varies in line with projected population increases, and (ii) future water use is the same as present day. This dataset is an output from the regional scale hydrological modelling study from African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis-2050 (AMMA-2050) project.


description: The monthly mean and annual maximum river flows estimates are output from the Hydrological Modelling Framework for West Africa, or “HMF-WA” model. The climatic inputs to the model were bias-corrected CMIP5 daily precipitation and potential evaporation derived from bias-corrected CMIP5 daily temperature data (near-surface air temperature and daily maximum and minimum surface air temperature). See Supporting Information for more details.
DOI: 10.5285/f19de821-a436-4b28-95f6-b7287ef0bf15
title: Model estimates of topsoil invertebrates [Countryside Survey]

description: Countryside Survey topsoil invertebrate data is representative of 0 - 8 cm soil depth and includes Total catch, Mite:Springtail ratio, Number of broad taxa and Shannon diversity. For invertebrate data, a total of 947 cores from 256 1km x 1km squares across Great Britain were analysed in 2007. Please see Emmett et al. 2010 for further details of sampling and methods (http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/5201/1/CS_UK_2007_TR3%5B1%5D.pdf ). Estimates of mean values within selected habitats and parent material characteristics across GB were made using CS data from 1978, 1998 and 2007 using a mixed model approach. Please see Scott, 2008 for further details of similar statistical analysis (http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/5202/1/CS_UK_2007_TR4%5B1%5D.pdf ). The estimated means of habitat /parent material combinations using 2007 data are modelled on dominant habitat and parent material characteristics derived from the Land Cover Map 2007 and Parent Material Model 2009, respectively. The parent material characteristic used was that which minimised AIC in each model (see Supporting Information). Areas, such as urban and littoral rock, are not sampled by CS and therefore have no associated data. Also, in some circumstances sample sizes for particular habitat / parent material combinations were insufficient to estimate mean values.
description: Data used are taken from the Countryside Survey Soils Report (Emmett et al. 2010) which can be found at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9354/1/CS_UK_2007_TR9.pdf
DOI: 10.5285/62774180-ae72-4873-9482-e8be3935f533
title: Mammal detection data for the SAFE project site, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, 2015 [HMTF]

description: This data set contains stacked detection matrices for 28 recorded mammal species across 115 sampling locations at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) project site located in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.  Information for each camera trap sampling location, including spatial information and sampling effort is included.  Data were collected in order to determine the contribution of carbon-based policies to biodiversity conservation in agricultural land-use mosaics.  These data are essential to the development of the occupancy detection matrix.  Data were collected in 2015 during a project which was included in the NERC Human-modified tropical forest (HMTF) Programme.
description: Remotely-operated digital cameras (HC500 Hyperfire, Reconyx, Wisconsin, U.S.A.) were deployed at 130 locations across the 203 landscape between May and September 2015. These locations were separated by a mean distance of 1.4 km and distributed across an elevational gradient (mean=376 m.a.s.l.; range=64-735 m.a.s.l.). Accounting for theft, vandalism and malfunction, data were retrieved from 120 locations.  Sampling was stratified  within four broad habitat classes to capture the heterogeneity of the landscape: continuous logged forest, highly disturbed forest, isolated forest remnants and oil palm plantations. Due to the number of cameras available, data collection was completed over two rotations, each comprising 65 locations. Single units were deployed for 42 consecutive nights per location, yielding a total survey effort of 4,669 camera nights. Cameras were positioned at a standardised height of 30cm, on low resistance travel routes (e.g. riparian areas, logging roads, skid trails) and off-trail to account for inter- and intra-specific differences in habitat use. 

Prior to analyses, all images that could not be identified to species level were discarded (blurred images and photos of non-target species, equating to 17.6% of data). A detection matrix was developed for each species, whereby 42-day sampling periods were divided into six, seven-day temporal replicates. Any camera site active for fewer than seven days was excluded from analysis, leaving 115 analytical units each with 2-6 replicates. The detection matrices denote species presence ('1'), absence ('0') or camera trap malfunction ('NA') during each sampling interval.

During deployment, GPS coordinates of the specific site were documented. During the processing of camera trap data we further documented the exact date and time for deployment, collection or failure in the event of malfunction. These data were used to provide an indication of sampling effort.
DOI: 10.5285/630759ac-b0ca-4561-8eec-414b47e14829
title: Interview transcripts in Bangla with poultry owners and poultry workers, Dhaka and rural Tangail district, Bangladesh (2017)

description: The dataset provides qualitative data from anonymised in-depth interviews conducted in 2017 with domestic poultry owners, commercial poultry farm workers and market sellers of live poultry in Bangladesh. The dataset comprises interview transcripts in Bangla. Household and farm interviews were carried out in rural areas of Mirzapur sub-district, Tangail. Interviews with market sellers of poultry were carried out in Dhaka city. An interview guide was used to explore themes and topics relating to poultry-raising practices, hygiene and waste disposal practices relating to poultry and use of antibiotics in poultry. The objective was to understand human behaviours and practices that may contribute to environmental contamination with antibiotic-resistant bacteria from poultry and potential pathways of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from poultry to humans. 

The research was part of a wider research project, Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Transmission from the Outdoor Environment to Humans in Urban and Rural Bangladesh. The research was funded by NERC/BBSRC/MRC on behalf of the Antimicrobial Resistance Cross-Council Initiative, award NE/N019555/1. 
description: Interviews were audio-recorded, downloaded as mp3 files and transcribed and anonymised from the audio-recording to a word file in Bangla. The transcripts were converted from word files to .pdf to preserve the Bengali script
DOI: 10.5285/cdb8707c-eed7-4da7-8fa3-299c65124ef2
title: National Plant Monitoring Scheme survey data (2015-2019)

description: This data resource provides plot-level plant occurrence data for the first five years (2015-2019) of the National Plant Monitoring Scheme (covering the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man). Data consist of individual observations of plants, and other habitat characteristics, at the metre-scale; observations are accompanied by percentage cover information recorded according to the Domin frequency-abundance scale commonly used in plant community ecology. Other information provided includes the plot type (size, shape, according to the NPMS classification), the volunteer-recorded NPMS habitat, the date of sampling, and information regarding the spatial location of the plot. Information contained within the metadata file should allow users to reconstruct the sampling history (including gaps) of any plot that has been sampled within the NPMS scheme between 2015 and 2019.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

Please be aware that this dataset is updated annually and that more recent versions exist.
description: Data are collected directly from volunteers into a custom Indicia database system (www.indicia.org.uk) through the NPMS website (www.npms.org.uk) or app. The Indicia system is built on a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, and the data presented here were extracted directly from this master database using appropriate SQL queries. See the associated documentation for more information on the broader Quality Assurance processes supporting the NPMS.
DOI: 10.5285/4ff83dca-b836-469c-864d-69a34ff904f9
title: Physical, chemical and biological properties of European grassland soils subjected to laboratory climatic disturbance

description: This dataset comprises soil and environmental data for multiple European grassland soil samples which had been subjected to multiple climatic disturbances in the laboratory (including temporal responses to heat, freezing, flooding and drought). The data include information on sample provenance (site, replicate, treatments imposed, site description, etc.); measured metrics including functional measures (greenhouse gas fluxes, enzymes) and soil properties; and accession numbers for molecular data submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive. 
description: This dataset encompasses metadata and measurements from an experiment imposing four different climatic disturbances to soils collected from 30 European grassland sites, covering a wide range of soil types and climatic conditions. Under controlled lab conditions, samples of each soil were subjected to either a two-week drought (10% Water Holding Capacity (WHC)), flooding (100% WHC), freezing (-20°C), or heatwave (35°C), alongside a control treatment, followed by a month of recovery. We assessed the response of microbial communities at the end of the disturbance, and one day, one week, and four weeks after ending the disturbance, by whole-genome metagenomic, bacterial and fungal sequencing. We assessed soil functioning by measuring microbial enzymatic activities, substrate-induced respiration profiles, and carbon and nitrogen fluxes. The dataset contains detailed information on initial sites sampled, treatments imposed, measurements recorded as well as European Nucleotide Archive accession numbers for the molecular data produced.