DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v2r
title: I alternate therefore I generalize: how the intrinsic resistance risk of fungicides counterbalances their durability

description: The evolution of resistance to pesticides is a major burden in
 agriculture. Resistance management involves maximizing selection pressure
 heterogeneity, particularly by combining active ingredients with different
 modes of action. We tested the hypothesis that alternation may delay the
 build-up of resistance not only by spreading selection pressure over
 longer periods, but also by decreasing the rate of evolution of resistance
 to alternated fungicides, by applying an experimental evolution approach
 to the economically important crop pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Our
 results show that alternation is either neutral or slows the evolution of
 resistance, relative to continuous fungicide use, but results in higher
 levels of generalism in evolved lines. We demonstrate that the relative
 risk of resistance intrinsic to fungicide alternation probably underlies a
 trade-off between the number of fungicides and the frequency of
 alternation. This trade-off is also dynamic over the course of resistance
 evolution. These findings open up new possibilities for tailoring
 resistance management effectively while optimizing interplay between
 alternation components.
description: This date were collected throughout an experimental evolution
 carried out with the pathogenic fungus <em>Zymoseptoria tritici
 </em>submitted to various selection regimes including three
 agricultural fungicides. The dataset
 includes: - Optical density measurement at 405 nm
 achieved for each line at the end of the twelve cycles of the
 experiment. - Scores established in droplet tests
 aiming at testing the sensitivty of strains isolated in straight lines
 throughout the experiment and for all lines at the end of the experiments.
 This data included resistance description to fungicides used in the
 experiment but also to unused fungicides.
description: No missing values in the dataset. <b>Sheet
 “Alternation_OD_data”:</b> <b>Referred as </b>"Alternation_OD_data.txt" in the script Raw data of DO405 measurement, samples description and statistical estimates Column “DO405” : raw data of optical density at 405 nm Column “Plate_repetition”: experimental repeat of DO405 measurement (1 or 2) Column “Lines”: names of selection regimes Column “Erlen_repetition”: biological repeat of each selection regime (I, II, III or IV) Colum “Acyclical_name”: unique identifier for each line Column “DO405norm”: optical density at 405 nm normalized with the one of the control Column “Concentration”: spore concentration estimated from the DO405norm Column “Malthusian_growth”: Malthusian growth calculated from spore concentration Column “Fungicide”: fungicide used to treat a given cycle (Benzo=benzovindiflupyr; Carb=carbendazim; ProDo=prothioconazole-desthio) Column “Cycle”: cycle of the experimental evolution (1 to 12) Column “Conc_rel_ctrl”: Spore concentration divided by the spore concentration of the control lines Column “ConcYPD_limit_rel_ctrl”: limit of detection of spore concentration, expressed as a fraction of the sporeconcentration of the control lines Column “Malthusian_growth_norm”: Malthusian growth of the line divided by the Malthusian growth of the control line Column “Malth_grw_YPD_limit_rel_ctrl”: limit of detection of the Malthusian growth, expressed as a fraction of the Malthusian growth of the control line Column “sum_carb”: number of cycles treated with carbendazim Column “sum_benzo”: number of cycles treated with benzovindiflupyr Column “sum_prodo”: number of cycles treated with prothioconazole-desthio <b>Sheet “Alternation_mean_data_cycles”:</b> <b>Referred as </b>"Alternation_data_mean_normalized_malt_growth_cycles.txt" in the script Mean Malthusian growth summarized for each line of each selection regime over the course of the experiment (12 cycles) Column “Acyclical_name”: unique identifier for each line Column “Lines”: names of selection regimes Column “Mean_malth_growth”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes and the twelve cycles of the experimental evolution Column “Rhythm”: rhythm of alternation (0, 1, 2 or 3) Column “AIs_number”: number of AIs used in a given selection regime (1, 2 or 3) <b>Sheet “Alternation_mean_data_sum_carb”:</b> <b>Referred as </b>"Alternation_data_mean_normalized_malt_growth_sumcarb.txt" in the script Mean Malthusian growth summarized for each line of each selection regime over the maximum number of carbendazim exposition cycles Column “Acyclical_name”: unique identifier for each line Column “Lines”: names of selection regimes Column “Mean_malth_growth_6_sumcarb”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes that received carbendazim applications, except BCP, over the 6 applications of carbendazim Column “Mean_malth_growth_4_sumcarb”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes that received carbendazim applications, over 4 applications of carbendazim Column “Rhythm”: rhythm of alternation (0, 1, 2 or 3) Column “AIs_number”: number of AIs used in a given selection regime (1, 2 or 3) <b>Sheet “Alternation_mean_data_sum_prodo”:</b> <b>Referred as </b>"Alternation_data_mean_normalized_malt_growth_sumprodo.txt" in the script Mean Malthusian growth summarized for each line of each selection regime over the maximum number of prothioconazole-desthio exposition cycles Column “Acyclical_name”: unique identifier for each line Column “Lines”: names of selection regimes Column “Mean_malth_growth_6_sumprodo”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes that received prothioconazole-desthio applications, except BCP, over the 6 applications of prothioconazole-desthio Column “Mean_malth_growth_4_sumprodo”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes that received prothioconazole-desthio applications, over 4 applications of prothioconazole-desthio Column “Rhythm”: rhythm of alternation (0, 1, 2 or 3) Column “AIs_number”: number of AIs used in a given selection regime (1, 2 or 3) <b>Sheet “Alternation_mean_data_sum_benzo”: </b> <b>Referred as </b>"Alternation_data_mean_normalized_malt_growth_sumbenzo.txt" in the script Mean Malthusian growth summarized for each line of each selection regime over the maximum number of benzovindiflupyr exposition cycles Column “Acyclical_name”: unique identifier for each line Column “Lines”: names of selection regimes Column “Mean_malth_growth_6_sumbenzo”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes that received benzovindiflupyr applications, except BCP, over the 6 applications of benzovindiflupyr Column “Mean_malth_growth_4_sumbenzo”: mean of normalized Malthusian growth calculated for each repeated line of each selection regimes that received benzovindiflupyr applications, over 4 applications of benzovindiflupyr Column “Rhythm”: rhythm of alternation (0, 1, 2 or 3) Column “AIs_number”: number of AIs used in a given selection regime (1, 2 or 3) <b>Sheet “Alternation_droplet_test_scores”: </b> (Referred as "Alternation_droplet_test_scores.txt” in the script) Scores of susceptibility to multiple fungicides established for each isolate in droplet tests Column “Isolate”: unique identifier for each isolate (3 isolates per repetitions per line per cycle) Column “Lines”: names of selection regimes Column “Cycle”: cycle of the experimental evolution (1 to 12) Column “Azo”: score of sensitivity to azoxystrobin Column “B”: score of sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr Column “Bx2”: score of sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr, two times the dose of column “B” Column “B+C”: score of sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr and carbendazim (mixture) Column “B+P”: score of sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr and prothioconazole-desthio (mixture) Column “Bosc”: score of sensitivity to boscalid Column “C”: score of sensitivity to carbendazim Column “Cx2”: score of sensitivity to carbendazim, two times the dose of column “C” Column “C+P”: score of sensitivity to carbendazim and prothioconazole-desthio (mixture) Column “Solvent”: score of growth on medium amended only with ethanol 80% Column “P”: score of sensitivity to prothioconazole-desthio Column “Px2”: score of sensitivity to prothioconazole-desthio, two times the dose of column “P” Column “Tol”: score of sensitivity to tolnaftate