cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ncjsxkst2
title: Urban versus rural? The effects of residential status on species identification skills and connection to nature

description: 1. Urbanization and urban lifestyles increasingly disconnect people from
 nature in a process that was termed the ‘extinction of experience’. This
 loss of human-nature interactions can undermine both cognitive (ecological
 knowledge) and affective (emotional connection to nature) relations to
 nature, further impacting capabilities to experience, care for, benefit
 from and act to protect nature. Yet, the extent to which the urban life
 influences both cognitive and affective relations to nature, remains
 poorly understood and research is confined to a few countries and
 cultures. 2. We explored how cognitive and affective relations to nature
 can be related to people’s childhood and current place of residency. We
 expected that urban dwellers, who have less opportunities to experience
 nature than their rural counterparts, will be less connected to nature and
 demonstrate lower ecological knowledge than their rural counterparts. 3.
 We conducted four surveys in Israel, in urban and rural settings between
 2015 and 2018 (N= 1706) to measure and compare (urban vs. rural) the
 following variables: (1) species identification skills (correctly
 identified); (2) familiarity (recognized), as two measures of cognitive
 relation with nature and (3) nature relatedness, as a measure of emotional
 connection to nature. 4. The ability to identify common plant, bird and
 butterfly species was poor in general (Av.=3.83 out of 12), and lower for
 urban dwellers (Av.=2.48) compared to their rural counterparts (Av.=6.56).
 Differences in correct species identifications between urban and rural
 dwellers varied with taxa and peaked for butterflies (only 26 respondents
 managed to identify one species or more). We also identified an important
 gap between familiarity and species identification skills, especially for
 urban residents. Finally, people who currently live or used to live in
 rural areas during their childhood had higher scores of nature relatedness
 than their urban counterparts. 5. Our results highlight that decreased
 opportunity to interact with nature reduces cognitive and affective
 relations to nature. Such reductions can affect the overall preferences
 for human-nature relationships and exacerbate a pervasive negative cycle
 that modifies relational values such as, care for nature, sense of
 belonging, place and identity that influence both humans well-being and
 environmental stewardship.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3rh
title: Encoding and control of airflow orientation by a set of Drosophila fan-shaped body neurons

description: The insect Central Complex (CX) is thought to underlie goal-oriented
 navigation but its organization is still not fully understood. We recorded
 from genetically-identified CX cell types
 in Drosophila and presented directional visual,
 olfactory, and airflow cues known to elicit orienting behavior. We found
 that a group of neurons targeting the ventral fan-shaped body (ventral
 P-FNs) are robustly tuned for airflow direction. Ventral P-FNs did not
 generate a “map” of airflow direction. Instead, cells in each hemisphere
 were tuned to 45° ipsilateral, forming a pair of orthogonal bases. Imaging
 experiments suggest that ventral P-FNs inherit their airflow tuning from
 neurons that provide input from the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) to the
 noduli (NO). Silencing ventral P-FNs prevented flies from selecting
 appropriate corrective turns following changes in airflow direction. Our
 results identify a group of central complex neurons that robustly encode
 airflow direction and are required for proper orientation to this
 stimulus.
description: Electrophysiology data from genetically labeled neurons in the
 central complex of Drosophila Imaging data from
 genetically labeled neurons in Drosophila Behavioral
 data from Drosophila collected in a closed-loop flight paradigm
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mkq2
title: Data from: Testing evolutionary explanations for the lifespan benefit of dietary restriction in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)

description: Dietary restriction (DR), limiting calories or specific nutrients without
 malnutrition, extends lifespan across diverse taxa. Traditionally, this
 lifespan extension has been explained as a result of diet-mediated changes
 in the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction, with survival favoured
 when resources are scarce. However, a recently proposed alternative
 suggests that the selective benefit of the response to DR is the
 maintenance of reproduction. This hypothesis predicts that lifespan
 extension is a side effect of benign laboratory conditions, and DR
 individuals would be frailer and unable to deal with additional stressors,
 and thus lifespan extension should disappear under more stressful
 conditions. We tested this by rearing outbred female fruit flies
 (Drosophila melanogaster) on 10 different protein:carbohydrate diets.
 Flies were either infected with a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas
 entomophila), injured with a sterile pinprick or unstressed. We monitored
 lifespan, fecundity and measures of ageing. DR extended lifespan and
 reduced reproduction irrespective of injury and infection. Infected flies
 on lower protein diets had particularly poor survival. Exposure to
 infection and injury did not substantially alter the relationship between
 diet and ageing patterns. These results do not provide support for
 lifespan extension under DR being a side effect of benign laboratory
 conditions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfj9w
title: Interference competition between wolves and coyotes during variable prey abundance

description: Interference competition occurs when two species have similar resource
 requirements and one species is dominant and can suppress or exclude the
 subordinate species. Wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) are
 sympatric across much of their range in North America where white-tailed
 deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can be an important prey species. We
 assessed the extent of niche overlap between wolves and coyotes using
 activity, diet, and space use as evidence for interference competition
 during 3 periods related to the availability of white-tailed deer fawns in
 the Upper Great Lakes region of the USA. We assessed activity overlap (Δ)
 with data from accelerometers onboard global positioning system (GPS)
 collars worn by wolves (n = 11) and coyotes (n = 13). We analyzed wolf and
 coyote scat to estimate dietary breadth (B) and food niche overlap (α). We
 used resource utilization functions (RUFs) with canid GPS location data,
 white-tailed deer RUFs, ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and snowshoe hare
 (Lepus americanus) densities, and landscape covariates to compare
 population-level space use. Wolves and coyotes exhibited considerable
 overlap in activity (Δ = 0.86–0.92), diet (B = 3.1–4.9; α = 0.76–1.0), and
 space use of active and inactive RUFs across time periods. Coyotes relied
 less on deer as prey compared to wolves and consumed greater amounts of
 smaller prey items. Coyotes exhibited greater population-level variation
 in space use compared to wolves. Additionally, while active and inactive,
 coyotes exhibited greater selection of some land covers as compared to
 wolves. Our findings lend support for interference competition between
 wolves and coyotes with significant overlap across resource attributes
 examined. The mechanisms through which wolves and coyotes coexist appear
 driven largely by how coyotes, a generalist species, exploit narrow
 differences in resource availability and display greater population-level
 plasticity in resource use.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tqjq2bvxq
title: Pastoralist cattle observations (vigilance and grouping behaviors)

description: Fear of predators fundamentally shapes the ecology of prey species and
 drives both inter- and intra-specific interactions. Extensive research has
 examined the consequences of predation risk from large carnivores on the
 behavior of wild ungulate prey species. However, many large carnivores not
 only hunt wild prey but also depredate domestic livestock, especially in
 pastoralist systems where livestock share land and resources with large
 carnivores. Northern Tanzania is a hotspot for human-carnivore conflict
 driven by livestock depredation and interactions are particularly severe
 between African lions (Panthera leo) and pastoralist cattle (Bos taurus).
 In this ecosystem, we explored the degree to which pastoralist cattle
 exhibited anti-predator behaviors during their daily grazing routines.
 Using focal animal sampling, we compared two typical anti-predator
 behaviors, vigilance and grouping, among cattle in village rangelands with
 high and low background depredation rates. We found that cattle in high
 risk village rangelands formed 21.2% larger groups than cattle in low risk
 village rangelands. Interestingly, cattle in low risk village rangelands
 spent 68.4% more time vigilant than cattle in high risk village
 rangelands. These patterns were influenced significantly by the time of
 day: as sunset approached, cattle in low risk village rangelands spent
 more time vigilant and cattle in high risk village rangelands formed
 larger groups. These results suggest that pastoralist cattle exhibit
 anti-predator strategies that vary both spatially and temporally, and that
 such strategies might help livestock optimally trade-off the costs and
 benefits of anti-predator behavior across timescales (i.e., the risk
 allocation hypothesis). We discuss the implications of our results for
 husbandry techniques that might reduce behavioral costs associated with
 cattle anti-predator behaviors and help increase tolerance for lions and
 other large carnivores. These improvements are critical to human-carnivore
 coexistence given the prevalence of pastoralism globally and the rising
 potential for conflict with large carnivores such as lions.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.eatbqv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5413 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 '447' AS fish_cell,
 GBIF_MGRSCode(1000, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, 0) AS cell, -- NO randomization
 COUNT(DISTINCT speciesKey) AS species_richness
 FROM occurrence
 WHERE hasCoordinate = TRUE
 AND speciesKey IS NOT NULL
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'ZERO_COORDINATE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_OUT_OF_RANGE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_INVALID')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COUNTRY_COORDINATE_MISMATCH')
 AND decimalLatitude &gt;= 41.89415215079384
 AND decimalLatitude &lt;= 46.479780028101516
 AND decimalLongitude &gt;= 65.93482227598784
 AND decimalLongitude &lt;= 75.5327771015545
 AND "year" &gt;= 2015
 AND "year" &lt;= 2026
 AND (coordinateUncertaintyInMeters &lt;= 100 OR coordinateUncertaintyInMeters IS NULL)
 GROUP BY fish_cell, cell

 The dataset's 5413 records were derived from 90 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002682-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gxd2547jz
title: Telomere length in relation to colour polymorphism across life stages in the tawny owl

description: Abstract of the paper: Telomere erosion has been proposed to be tightly
 associated with senescence, environmental stressors and life history
 trade-offs. How telomere dynamics vary across life stages and especially
 in relation to (heritable) phenotypic traits is still unclear. The tawny
 owl Strix aluco display a highly heritable melanin-based colour
 polymorphism, a grey and a brown morph, linked to several fitness traits
 including morph-specific telomere dynamics. As adults, brown tawny owls
 have shorter relative telomere length (RTL) and exhibit faster telomere
 shortening rate than grey owls. Here we test if these morph-specific
 telomere dynamics emerge already during growth, or if they are induced
 only in adult life through differential physiological costs associated
 with the life history of the morphs. We analysed RTL from 287 tawny owl
 offspring and 81 first breeding adults to evaluate at what life stage
 morph-specific patterns emerge. We found no differences in RTL between the
 two morphs during the nestling period nor at the first breeding attempt.
 Sex, brood size or size rank in the nest did not affect offspring RTL.
 Among first-breeders, females had shorter telomeres than males suggesting
 a sampling time dependent difference in reproductive costs between sexes,
 due to the prominent sex roles in tawny owls in the early nestling period.
 The probability to return to breed after the first breeding attempt was
 not affected by RTL, sex or colour morph. The lack of morph-specific
 difference in RTL among nestlings and first breeders suggests that
 previously observed morph-specific differences in RTL dynamics in adults
 emerge at the onset of the breeding career and is likely due to different
 physiological profiles and life-history strategies adopted by adults. We
 conclude that different telomere dynamics and senescence patterns among
 highly heritable phenotypes (colour morphs) are likely to be a result of
 differential costs of reproduction and self-maintenance.
description: Datafiles with relative telomere length (RTL) measured from tawny
 owl blood samples collected as young nestlings, fledglings and first
 breeders. See methods in the paper and the ReadMe file for the description
 of the analyses and variables in the files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k0p2ngf72
title: An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised familial classification

description: The superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) is a
 diverse group of parasitoid wasps that attack nine orders of insects as
 well as spiders. They appear to show a clear pattern of host group
 specificity among genera. A robust phylogeny is essential to understanding
 the monophyly of and relationships among lower level groups and the
 pattern of the shifts among host groups. We conducted phylogenetic
 analyses of Platygastroidea based on four molecular markers (18S, 28S,
 COI, and wingless) combined with 119 morphological characters, and a
 phylogenomic analysis of a subset of taxa based on 4,371 single-copy,
 protein-coding genes. The four-gene and morphological analyses robustly
 recovered some well-established groups, e.g., Platygastridae (in its
 traditional sense), Scelionini, Teleasinae and Telenominae, as well as
 some novel patterns of relationship. The ground-plan host for the
 superfamily are the eggs of Orthoptera, with possible parallel shifts to
 attack hosts in the Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Mantodea. The basal
 relationships for the superfamily as well as relationships among genera
 traditionally classified in the scelionine tribes Baryconini,
 Calliscelionini and Psilanteridini were not supported. The phylogenomic
 analysis of representative basal taxa recovered a clear pattern of
 relationships with maximal bootstrap support. Based on the combination of
 these two approaches, we present a revised classification for
 Platygastroidea and recognize the following eight families: Geoscelionidae
 stat. rev., Janzenellidae fam. nov., Neuroscelionidae fam. nov.,
 Nixoniidae stat. rev., Platygastridae stat. rev., Proterosceliopsidae†,
 Scelionidae stat. rev. and Sparasionidae stat. rev.
description: Dataset collection: Specimens were collected using a variety of
 standard entomological techniques. Specimens were stored in ethanol
 (80–100% ethanol) and kept at or below 4°C until DNA extraction. DNA
 extraction was performed on each specimen using a non-destructive protocol
 leaving voucher specimens intact. DNA extracts were then sequenced
 relative to the type of analysis performed (i.e., sanger sequencing for
 the 4 gene analyses; Illumina sequencing for the phylogenomic analyses).
 The sequences comprise the dataset. Dataset processing:
 The reader is referred to the Materials and Methods section of the main
 text for detailed information on how the nucleotide data was
 processed.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m905qfv06
title: Data from: Contemporary evolution of the innate immune receptor gene TLR3 in an isolated vertebrate population

description: Understanding where genetic variation exists, and how it influences
 fitness within populations is important from an evolutionary and
 conservation perspective. Signatures of past selection suggest that
 pathogen-mediated balancing selection is a key driver of immunogenetic
 variation, but studies tracking contemporary evolution are needed to help
 resolve the evolutionary forces and mechanism at play. Previous work in a
 bottlenecked population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis)
 show that functional variation has been maintained at the viral-sensing
 Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene, including one non-synonymous SNP,
 resulting in two alleles. Here, we characterise evolution at this TLR3
 locus over a 25-year period within the original remnant population of the
 Seychelles warbler, and in four other derived, populations. Results show a
 significant and consistent temporal decline in the frequency of the TLR3C
 allele in the original population, and that similar declines in the TLR3C
 allele frequency occurred in all the derived populations. Individuals (of
 both sexes) with the TLR3CC genotype had lower survival, and males - but
 not females - that carry the TLR3C allele had significantly lower lifetime
 reproductive success than those with only the TLR3A allele. These results
 indicate that positive selection, caused by an as yet unknown agent, is
 driving TLR3 evolution in the Seychelles warblers. No evidence of
 heterozygote advantage was detected. However, whether the positive
 selection observed is part of a longer-term pattern of balancing selection
 (through fluctuating selection or rare-allele advantage) cannot be
 resolved without tracking the TLR3C allele in the populations over an
 extended period of time.
description: Please see the methods section in paper  "Contemporary
 evolution of the innate immune receptor gene TLR3 in an isolated
 vertebrate population" for details.
description: This folder contains all data and R script used for the paper 
 "Contemporary evolution of the innate immune receptor gene TLR3 in an
 isolated vertebrate population". Please see the readme file for more
 details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq83bk3rj
title: Hard to catch: experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry

description: Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but
 the signaling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to
 classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such
 ‘evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning
 colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive
 mimicry areAdelphabutterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable
 colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naive blue tits to
 learn to avoid and generalizeAdelphawing patterns associated with the
 difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that
 learned to associate the same wing patterns with distastefulness. Birds
 learned to avoid all wing patterns tested and generalized their aversion
 to other prey to some extent, but learning was faster with evasive prey
 compared to distasteful prey. Our results on generalization agree with
 longstanding observations of striking convergence in wing colour patterns
 amongAdelphaspecies, since, in our experiments, perfect mimics of evasive
 and distasteful models were always protected during generalization and
 suffered the lowest attack rate. Moreover, generalization on evasive prey
 was broader compared to that on distasteful prey. Our results suggest that
 being hard to catch may deter predators at least as effectively as
 distastefulness. This study provides empirical evidence for evasive
 mimicry, a potentially widespread but poorly understood form of
 morphological convergence driven by predator selection.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k18
title: Dry season intensity has equivocal effects on the nutritional condition of understory birds in a Neotropical forest

description: Rainfall regime, the amount and timing of annual precipitation, can
 influence the breeding phenology, individual fitness, and population
 dynamics of tropical birds. In Neotropical regions with rainfall
 seasonality (i.e., wet and dry seasons), the warm phase of the El Niño
 Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exacerbate seasonal drought and negatively
 impact avian survival and reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying
 associations between seasonal drought conditions and avian demography are
 largely unexplored. One hypothesis is that nutritional condition mediates
 demographic responses to seasonal drought– individuals in poor condition
 may be less capable of balancing their energy budgets and consequently
 suffer reduced survival, lower reproductive output, or both. We estimated
 nutritional condition (i.e., scaled mass index, percent hematocrit, plasma
 lipid metabolites) as a proxy of energy balance in understory forest birds
 with contrasting population-level responses to dry season length.
 This study took place across two dry seasons of differing intensity in
 central Panama– an El Niño dry season (2016, severe drought) and a more
 typical dry season (2017). Scaled mass index remained relatively constant
 throughout both dry seasons and across years for five common focal species
 and among four foraging guilds (22 additional species, 27 species total).
 Three of five focal species did exhibit reduced nutritional condition
 (i.e., lower hematocrit and/or higher β-hydroxybutyrate) during the El
 Niño dry season but not during the more typical dry season. However,
 foraging guilds did not show consistent nutritional responses to seasonal
 drought and we found little evidence of reduced nutritional condition at
 the guild level, suggesting that many Neotropical forest bird species are
 capable of tolerating seasonal drought.
description: Fieldwork in Panama was conducted under Ministerio de Ambiente
 permit numbers SE/A-88-14, SE/A-116-15, SE/A-78-16, and SE/A-70-17. These
 methods were approved under University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
 Institutional Animal Care and Use (IACUC) protocol 15234 and Smithsonian
 Tropical Research Institute IACUC numbers 2013-0101-2016 and
 2015-1120-2018.
DOI: 10.25326/zjmz-tk61
title: 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one+isobutylene + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - kinetic study - 2020-07-06

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/6rs5-ac22
title: 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one+propene + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - kinetic study - 2020-07-06

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/r9e7-jv27
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one+isobutylene + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - kinetic study - 2020-07-06

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/mqpf-a512
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one+isoprene + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - kinetic study - 2020-07-06

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/6nd6-wj42
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one+1,3-butadiene + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - kinetic study - 2020-07-06

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/2emz-0w03
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one+1,3-butadiene + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - kinetic study - 2021-07-12

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/c5wc-3e94
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - product study - 2021-07-12

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/cmrn-yn96
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - product study - 2021-07-12

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/xdgk-xd45
title: 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - product study - 2021-07-12

description: Publication of the dataset
DOI: 10.25326/xfk3-y087
title: 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one + OH - Gas-phase oxidation - product study - 2021-07-12

description: Publication of the dataset