cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178740.v1
title: Deliberate practice in the teaching of histology for medical students: a prospective randomized controlled study

description: Abstract: Introduction: The study of histology is essential for medical students in multiple ways. Knowing what a normal tissue looks like is important for recognizing different diseases. However, its learning is considered difficult due to molecular and microscopic scale. Different methodologies in medical education have been tested, such as deliberate practice (DP). DP is a kind of training aimed to increase performance through repetition and successive refinements. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of DP as a histology teaching intervention. Method: Medical students were randomly allocated into two groups: DP and games (attention control group). The training sessions took place weekly, over a period of 12 weeks. The skill trained was to locate structures on histological slides through the optical microscopy technique. Structures considered difficult to learn such as Sertoli cell, intercalated disc and dense macula were selected. At each session, ten slides from the same histological section were used (repetition), and the time available to locate the structure decreased until reaching the target value (increased difficulty). Students received feedback immediately. Performance evaluations were carried out by teachers who didn’t know the students’ group, evaluating time lapsed and behavioral items of the microscopy technique. A questionnaire was developed to investigate students’ perceptions. Result: Out of 71 students, two dropped out, remaining 35 participants in the DP group and 34 in the games group. The DP group performed better, both in locating structures on histological slides (score) (66.67) and the microscopy technique (10.83) against the games group (16.67 and 10.5 respectively). Among DP participants, 94% said they enjoyed participating, and 91% noticed improvement. Conclusion: DP was considered relevant for the study of histology by performance evaluations and students’ perceptions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178740
title: Deliberate practice in the teaching of histology for medical students: a prospective randomized controlled study

description: Abstract: Introduction: The study of histology is essential for medical students in multiple ways. Knowing what a normal tissue looks like is important for recognizing different diseases. However, its learning is considered difficult due to molecular and microscopic scale. Different methodologies in medical education have been tested, such as deliberate practice (DP). DP is a kind of training aimed to increase performance through repetition and successive refinements. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of DP as a histology teaching intervention. Method: Medical students were randomly allocated into two groups: DP and games (attention control group). The training sessions took place weekly, over a period of 12 weeks. The skill trained was to locate structures on histological slides through the optical microscopy technique. Structures considered difficult to learn such as Sertoli cell, intercalated disc and dense macula were selected. At each session, ten slides from the same histological section were used (repetition), and the time available to locate the structure decreased until reaching the target value (increased difficulty). Students received feedback immediately. Performance evaluations were carried out by teachers who didn’t know the students’ group, evaluating time lapsed and behavioral items of the microscopy technique. A questionnaire was developed to investigate students’ perceptions. Result: Out of 71 students, two dropped out, remaining 35 participants in the DP group and 34 in the games group. The DP group performed better, both in locating structures on histological slides (score) (66.67) and the microscopy technique (10.83) against the games group (16.67 and 10.5 respectively). Among DP participants, 94% said they enjoyed participating, and 91% noticed improvement. Conclusion: DP was considered relevant for the study of histology by performance evaluations and students’ perceptions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178749
title: Chagas disease affects the human placental barrier’s turnover dynamics during pregnancy

description: BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi crosses the placental barrier and produces the congenital transmission of Chagas disease (CD). Structural alterations of the chorionic villi by this parasite have been described in vitro, but little is known about trophoblast turnover in placentas from women with CD. OBJECTIVE To analyze the proliferation and fusion processes in placentas from women with CD. METHODS Archived human term placenta paraffin-embedded blocks were used, from women with CD (CDP), and no pathology (NP). Immunohistochemistry tests were performed for Ki67 to calculate the proliferation index (PI) of cytotrophoblast (CTB) and Syncytin-1, a fusion marker of syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Hematoxylin/Eosin stained sections were employed to analyze STB percentages, STB detachment areas and syncytial knots quantity. Non parametric Student’s t-tests were performed (p &lt; 0.05). RESULTS Syncytial knots and STB detachment significantly increased in placental villi from the CDP group. STB percentage was significantly lower in the CDP group as well as the PI and Syncytin-1 expression significantly decreased in these placentas, compared with control (NP). CONCLUSION Dynamic of trophoblast turnover is altered in placentas from women with CD. These changes may lead into a gap in the placental barrier possibly allowing the parasite entry into the chorionic villi.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178749.v1
title: Chagas disease affects the human placental barrier’s turnover dynamics during pregnancy

description: BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi crosses the placental barrier and produces the congenital transmission of Chagas disease (CD). Structural alterations of the chorionic villi by this parasite have been described in vitro, but little is known about trophoblast turnover in placentas from women with CD. OBJECTIVE To analyze the proliferation and fusion processes in placentas from women with CD. METHODS Archived human term placenta paraffin-embedded blocks were used, from women with CD (CDP), and no pathology (NP). Immunohistochemistry tests were performed for Ki67 to calculate the proliferation index (PI) of cytotrophoblast (CTB) and Syncytin-1, a fusion marker of syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Hematoxylin/Eosin stained sections were employed to analyze STB percentages, STB detachment areas and syncytial knots quantity. Non parametric Student’s t-tests were performed (p &lt; 0.05). RESULTS Syncytial knots and STB detachment significantly increased in placental villi from the CDP group. STB percentage was significantly lower in the CDP group as well as the PI and Syncytin-1 expression significantly decreased in these placentas, compared with control (NP). CONCLUSION Dynamic of trophoblast turnover is altered in placentas from women with CD. These changes may lead into a gap in the placental barrier possibly allowing the parasite entry into the chorionic villi.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178751
title: Liver cancer in Hidalgo State, Mexico: analysis of the status, risk factors and regional public health policy requirements: a cross-sectional correlational study

description: ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In Latin America, liver cancer is one of the top causes of cancer mortality. It is the fifth most common cause of death among malignant tumors in Mexico and is the leading cause in Hidalgo State (43.8% of the population living in poverty). OBJECTIVE: To conduct a correlational analysis on the main risk factors for liver cancer in Hidalgo State, Mexico, including municipal disaggregation and comparison with the national level. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive and comparative epidemiological study using Mexican governmental databases covering 1990-2019. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the databases of the General Directorate of Health Information (DGIS) was performed to analyze official death figures, hospital discharges and national and municipal population projections, using specific search criteria defined in the Global Burden of Disease classification, based on the risk factors for liver cancer. RESULTS: Liver cancer rates showed an evident rise in Hidalgo (183%), moving from 21st place in Mexico in 1990 to 9th place in 2019. This increase was correlated with alcoholism. An increasing trend for liver cancer deaths, of 133.89%, is projected for 2030. Females and the population over 60 years of age are more affected. There are some critical regions with liver cancer death rates twice the national rate or more. CONCLUSION: Targeted effective public health strategies should be structured by identifying, characterizing and regionalizing critical marginalized municipalities that are vulnerable to alcoholism and other risk factors for liver cancer. This approach may be helpful for other states in Mexico or similar countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178751.v1
title: Liver cancer in Hidalgo State, Mexico: analysis of the status, risk factors and regional public health policy requirements: a cross-sectional correlational study

description: ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In Latin America, liver cancer is one of the top causes of cancer mortality. It is the fifth most common cause of death among malignant tumors in Mexico and is the leading cause in Hidalgo State (43.8% of the population living in poverty). OBJECTIVE: To conduct a correlational analysis on the main risk factors for liver cancer in Hidalgo State, Mexico, including municipal disaggregation and comparison with the national level. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive and comparative epidemiological study using Mexican governmental databases covering 1990-2019. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the databases of the General Directorate of Health Information (DGIS) was performed to analyze official death figures, hospital discharges and national and municipal population projections, using specific search criteria defined in the Global Burden of Disease classification, based on the risk factors for liver cancer. RESULTS: Liver cancer rates showed an evident rise in Hidalgo (183%), moving from 21st place in Mexico in 1990 to 9th place in 2019. This increase was correlated with alcoholism. An increasing trend for liver cancer deaths, of 133.89%, is projected for 2030. Females and the population over 60 years of age are more affected. There are some critical regions with liver cancer death rates twice the national rate or more. CONCLUSION: Targeted effective public health strategies should be structured by identifying, characterizing and regionalizing critical marginalized municipalities that are vulnerable to alcoholism and other risk factors for liver cancer. This approach may be helpful for other states in Mexico or similar countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178758
title: How obesity affects nasal function in obstructive sleep apnea: anatomic and volumetric parameters

description: Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea is a consequence of upper airway collapse. Any obstructive sector in the upper airway can contribute to pharyngeal collapse. Obesity and obesity-related disorders play an important role in obstructive sleep apnea and its relationship with increased upper airway resistance. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and properties of the nasal cavity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods The study was conducted retrospectively by review of medical records of adult patients. The nasal obstruction symptom evaluation, NOSE instrument, was used to measure nasal obstruction. Sleep breathing disorders were evaluated by polysomnography exams. Nasal volume was obtained by computed tomography scans and volumetric reconstruction of nasal airway. Nasal anatomic alterations were assessed by nasal endoscopy. Results Analysis of 83 patient records, among whom 54 were male and 29 females, found the mean body mass index of 28.69 kg/m2. Obese and non-obese groups were determined by using cut-off 30 kg/m2. In the comparison between groups, the obese group had a positive and significant correlation with apnea/hypopnea index (p= 0.02), NOSE instrument (p= 0.033) and inferior turbinate hypertrophy (p= 0.036), with odds ratio 1.983 (95% IC 1.048 − 3.753). nasal septum deviation (p= 0.126) and nasal airway volume evaluation (p= 0.177) showed no significant results. Conclusion Obesity was significantly correlated with subjective nasal obstruction, NOSE scale, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. There was no correlation with the nasal volume evaluation. Level of Evidence 3b - Individual case-control study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178758.v1
title: How obesity affects nasal function in obstructive sleep apnea: anatomic and volumetric parameters

description: Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea is a consequence of upper airway collapse. Any obstructive sector in the upper airway can contribute to pharyngeal collapse. Obesity and obesity-related disorders play an important role in obstructive sleep apnea and its relationship with increased upper airway resistance. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and properties of the nasal cavity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods The study was conducted retrospectively by review of medical records of adult patients. The nasal obstruction symptom evaluation, NOSE instrument, was used to measure nasal obstruction. Sleep breathing disorders were evaluated by polysomnography exams. Nasal volume was obtained by computed tomography scans and volumetric reconstruction of nasal airway. Nasal anatomic alterations were assessed by nasal endoscopy. Results Analysis of 83 patient records, among whom 54 were male and 29 females, found the mean body mass index of 28.69 kg/m2. Obese and non-obese groups were determined by using cut-off 30 kg/m2. In the comparison between groups, the obese group had a positive and significant correlation with apnea/hypopnea index (p= 0.02), NOSE instrument (p= 0.033) and inferior turbinate hypertrophy (p= 0.036), with odds ratio 1.983 (95% IC 1.048 − 3.753). nasal septum deviation (p= 0.126) and nasal airway volume evaluation (p= 0.177) showed no significant results. Conclusion Obesity was significantly correlated with subjective nasal obstruction, NOSE scale, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. There was no correlation with the nasal volume evaluation. Level of Evidence 3b - Individual case-control study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178767.v1
title: Exercise and Physical Activity Levels and Associated Factors Among High-Risk Pregnant Women

description: Abstract Objective To assess the levels of physical activity and exercise practice, and examine the associated maternal characteristics; as well as the anxiety levels of high-risk pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with pregnant women at a High-risk Prenatal Clinic (HRPC) in a tertiary maternity. Pregnant women of 18 to 40-years-old, with a single fetus, and with gestational age up to 38 weeks were included. The level of physical activity and exercise practice of the study’s participants were investigated using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Maternal sociodemographic, anthropometric, and medical data were investigated using a specific form. For anxiety levels, the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied. We used the Student t-test, chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and multiple logistic regression. The significance level was 5%. Results Among the 109 pregnant women included, 82 (75.2%) were classified as sedentary/little active. The higher energy expenditure were for domestic activities (133.81±81.84 METs), followed by work-related activities (40.77±84.71 METs). Only 19.3% women exercised during pregnancy (4.76±12.47 METs), with slow walking being the most reported exercise. A higher level of education was the most important factor associated with women being moderately or vigorously active (OR=29.8; 95% CI 4.9-117.8). Nulliparity (OR=3.1; 95% CI 1.0-9.1), low levels of anxiety (OR=3.6; 95% CI 1.2-10.7), and unemployment (OR=4.8; 95% CI 1.1-19.6) were associated with the practice of exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion Most women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited a sedentary pattern, with low prevalence of physical exercise practice. Recognizing factors that hinder the adoption of a more physically active lifestyle is essential for an individualized guidance regarding exercise during pregnancy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178767
title: Exercise and Physical Activity Levels and Associated Factors Among High-Risk Pregnant Women

description: Abstract Objective To assess the levels of physical activity and exercise practice, and examine the associated maternal characteristics; as well as the anxiety levels of high-risk pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with pregnant women at a High-risk Prenatal Clinic (HRPC) in a tertiary maternity. Pregnant women of 18 to 40-years-old, with a single fetus, and with gestational age up to 38 weeks were included. The level of physical activity and exercise practice of the study’s participants were investigated using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Maternal sociodemographic, anthropometric, and medical data were investigated using a specific form. For anxiety levels, the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied. We used the Student t-test, chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and multiple logistic regression. The significance level was 5%. Results Among the 109 pregnant women included, 82 (75.2%) were classified as sedentary/little active. The higher energy expenditure were for domestic activities (133.81±81.84 METs), followed by work-related activities (40.77±84.71 METs). Only 19.3% women exercised during pregnancy (4.76±12.47 METs), with slow walking being the most reported exercise. A higher level of education was the most important factor associated with women being moderately or vigorously active (OR=29.8; 95% CI 4.9-117.8). Nulliparity (OR=3.1; 95% CI 1.0-9.1), low levels of anxiety (OR=3.6; 95% CI 1.2-10.7), and unemployment (OR=4.8; 95% CI 1.1-19.6) were associated with the practice of exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion Most women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited a sedentary pattern, with low prevalence of physical exercise practice. Recognizing factors that hinder the adoption of a more physically active lifestyle is essential for an individualized guidance regarding exercise during pregnancy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178772.v1
title: Unemployment and its diagnosis today in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT In the 1990’s, the end of the growth of the employment has been featured of several forms by the inquiries on employment and unemployment in the Brazilian metropolitan areas. While the Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (PME-IBGE) presents a low level of unemployment, the Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED-Seade/Dieese) shows the manifestation more intense of the phenomenon. The indicators produced by these inquiries have supported different diagnostics on the problem of employment in the nation. This paper analyzes as the indicators produced by these inquires support the specifics diagnostics on the problems of employment and as they subsidize different proposals of employment policy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178772
title: Unemployment and its diagnosis today in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT In the 1990’s, the end of the growth of the employment has been featured of several forms by the inquiries on employment and unemployment in the Brazilian metropolitan areas. While the Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (PME-IBGE) presents a low level of unemployment, the Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED-Seade/Dieese) shows the manifestation more intense of the phenomenon. The indicators produced by these inquiries have supported different diagnostics on the problem of employment in the nation. This paper analyzes as the indicators produced by these inquires support the specifics diagnostics on the problems of employment and as they subsidize different proposals of employment policy.
DOI: 10.21954/ou.rd.20166338
title: CONFIDENTIAL focus group transcripts

description: These transcripts from the focus groups run in 2020 are confidential and should only be shared if there is a reasonable request. The study is part of EPSRC funded SERVICE: <strong>SERVICE is a non-profit academic effort to understand and support the emotional needs of older adults impacted by COVID-19.</strong> ​​We seek to understand experiences of the pandemic among older people and their supporters. ​​We are creating a non-profit and open-source digital platform which helps people support each other while respecting and protecting their privacy and security. ​​​​<strong>Our planned academic contributions are:</strong> ​​To share multi-method datasets, presentations, and publications on older people’s experiences of COVID-19, well-being, loneliness, emotion regulation, and social support.
DOI: 10.21954/ou.rd.20166338.v1
title: CONFIDENTIAL focus group transcripts

description: These transcripts from the focus groups run in 2020 are confidential and should only be shared if there is a reasonable request. The study is part of EPSRC funded SERVICE: <strong>SERVICE is a non-profit academic effort to understand and support the emotional needs of older adults impacted by COVID-19.</strong> ​​We seek to understand experiences of the pandemic among older people and their supporters. ​​We are creating a non-profit and open-source digital platform which helps people support each other while respecting and protecting their privacy and security. ​​​​<strong>Our planned academic contributions are:</strong> ​​To share multi-method datasets, presentations, and publications on older people’s experiences of COVID-19, well-being, loneliness, emotion regulation, and social support.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20178416.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Frame-by-Frame Analysis of a Commercially Available Artificial Intelligence Polyp Detection System in Full-Length Colonoscopies

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Computer-aided detection (CADe) helps increase colonoscopic polyp detection. However, little is known about other performance metrics like the number and duration of false-positive (FP) activations or how stable the detection of a polyp is. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 111 colonoscopy videos with total 1,793,371 frames were analyzed on a frame-by-frame basis using a commercially available CADe system (GI-Genius, Medtronic Inc.). Primary endpoint was the number and duration of FP activations per colonoscopy. Additionally, we analyzed other CADe performance parameters, including per-polyp sensitivity, per-frame sensitivity, and first detection time of a polyp. We additionally investigated whether a threshold for withholding CADe activations can be set to suppress short FP activations and how this threshold alters the CADe performance parameters. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A mean of 101 ± 88 FPs per colonoscopy were found. Most of the FPs consisted of less than three frames with a maximal 66-ms duration. The CADe system detected all 118 polyps and achieved a mean per-frame sensitivity of 46.6 ± 26.6%, with the lowest value for flat polyps (37.6 ± 24.8%). Withholding CADe detections up to 6 frames length would reduce the number of FPs by 87.97% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) without a significant impact on CADe performance metrics. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The CADe system works reliable but generates many FPs as a side effect. Since most FPs are very short, withholding short-term CADe activations could substantially reduce the number of FPs without impact on other performance metrics. Clinical practice would benefit from the implementation of customizable CADe thresholds.