DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ghx3fftm
title: Copulatory wounding in Drosophila melanogaster

description: Copulation can result in males inflicting wounds to the female genitalia,
 so-called traumatic mating. Such wounds are potentially costly as they
 could be entry points for infections, and they have been associated with a
 shorter lifespan in insect species. In many species of insects, females
 mate with more than one male, which leads to the question of whether the
 number of matings affects the amount of genital damage that females suffer
 from those matings. Here we test whether copulation frequency affects the
 number or size of genital wounds in Drosophila melanogaster. Females who
 mated twice had more genital wounds and a larger total area of wounding,
 compared to females who mated once. However, females who refused to mate a
 second time had a similar area of wounding as females who mated twice. We
 found that wounds to the ventral abdomen also increased with increased
 mating frequency. Our results show that polyandry can result in increased
 female copulatory wounding in this species. The extent to which the wounds
 are costly for females is currently unknown. Investigating genital and
 abdominal wounds is crucial to a better understanding of the consequences
 of sexual conflict and the selective pressures shaping mating behaviour.
description: The data were obtained from wild-collected flies and experiments
 that were carried out in the lab. For full details, see the methods
 described in Subasi, Finsterbusch, Büge & Armitage: "Two
 matings lead to more copulatory wounding than a single mating in female
 <em>Drosophila melanogaster."</em> 
 Briefly, the fly and data collection were carried out in the
 methods described in Subasi, Finsterbusch, Büge & Armitage (2024).
 Females mating twice or refusing to remate receive more copulatory
 wounding than singly mated females. At data entry, the data were
 double-checked for accuracy.
description: # Copulatory wounding in *Drosophila melanogaster* This
 cop_wound_readme.txt file was generated on 2024-02-06 by SOPHIE ARMITAGE.
 ## GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Datasets: cop_wound_dataset 2. Author
 Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Sophie
 Armitage Institution: Freie Universität Berlin Address: Königin-Luise-Str.
 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany Email:
 [sophie.armitage@fu-berlin.de](mailto:sophie.armitage@fu-berlin.de) 3.
 Date of data collection: June 2021 to October 2024. 4. Geographic location
 of data collection: Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany 5. Information about
 funding sources that supported the collection of the data: SAOA was
 supported by a Heisenberg Fellowship (AR 872/4-1 and AR 872/7-1) from the
 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG;
 [https://www.dfg.de/en/index.jsp](https://www.dfg.de/en/index.jsp)). BSS
 was supported by the DFG through project AR 872/5-1, awarded to SAOA as
 part of the Research Unit FOR 5026 “InsectInfect”. ## SHARING/ACCESS
 INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: No 2. Links to
 publications that cite or use the data: Subasi, Finsterbusch, Büge &
 Armitage (2024). Two matings lead to more copulatory wounding than a
 single mating in female Drosophila melanogaster. DOI not available at the
 time of submission of these data. 3. Was data derived from another source?
 no 4. Recommended citation for this dataset: ## DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
 1. File List: cop_wound.R The R code required to process the data in the
 csv files and produce the data figures for the study, and carry out
 statistical analyses. corr.csv Area repeated measures for correlations.
 lateral_folds.csv Area of wounds on the vaginal furcal dorsolateral folds,
 recorded from either one side or both sides of the same samples.
 day136.csv Area of wounds over days 1, 3, and 6 post-mating.
 lab_experiment1.csv Number of copulations, mating latency, copulation
 duration, and wounding of individual female flies for experiment 1.
 lab_experiment2.csv Number of copulations, mating latency, copulation
 duration, and wounding of individual female flies for experiment 2.
 lab_lat_dur1.csv Subset of data from lab_experiment1.csv, containing only
 females who mated twice. lab_lat_dur2.csv Subset of data from
 lab_experiment2.csv, containing only females who mated twice. repeat.csv
 Repeated measures of area to calculate methodological repeatability.
 wild_collected.csv Presence and absence of offspring, and presence of
 wounding to lateral folds in wild-collected D. melanogaster. 1.
 Relationship between files, if important: corr.csv and repeat.csv contain
 data from the same set of flies. lab_lat_dur1.csv contains a subset of
 data from lab_experiment1.csv. lab_lat_dur2.csv contains a subset of data
 from lab_experiment2.csv. 2. Are there multiple versions of the dataset?
 no ### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: corr.csv 1. Number of variables: 3
 2. Number of cases/rows: 35 3. Variable List: Each row contains data for
 an individual fly and indicates repeated measures (repeated analyses) of
 the photographs of the area of wounding. female_id Individual identity of
 the fly area Area of wounding (micrometers^2) area2 Repeated measurement
 of the area of wounding ### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:
 lateral_folds.csv 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 12 3.
 Variable List: Each row contains data for an individual fly and indicates
 repeated measures (repeated analyses) of the photographs of the area of
 wounding. female_id Individual identity of the fly, repeated numbers were
 used across experiments experiment The experiment was repeated three
 times, indicated by a, b, and c. combined_id The individual identity of
 the fly, combined with the experimental replicate. Each value is unique.
 population Whether the female came from a population deriving from Germany
 (de) or Portugal (pt). treatment_full The full names of the treatment
 groups, where 1_mating = female mated once, 2\_ mating = female mated
 twice, 1_virgin = unmated females dissected at the same time as the first
 mated females, 2_virgin = unmated females dissected at the same time as
 the second mated females. area_2_folds Area measurements of wounds on the
 vaginal furcal dorsolateral folds, recorded from both sides. area_1_fold
 Area measurements of wounds on the vaginal furcal dorsolateral folds,
 recorded from one side. ### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: day136.csv 1.
 Number of variables: 3 2. Number of cases/rows: 57 3. Variable List: Each
 row contains data for an individual fly and indicates the day after mating
 at which she was dissected, and the area of wounding. female_id Individual
 identity of the fly day_to_sample Day after mating at which the female was
 dissected area Area of wounding (micrometers^2) DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION
 FOR: lab_experiment1.csv 1. Number of variables: 24 2. Number of
 cases/rows: 808 3. Variable List: Each row contains data for an individual
 fly and indicates the number of times the female copulated, mating
 latency, copulation duration, and wounding. female_id Individual identity
 of the fly, repeated numbers were used across experiments experiment The
 experiment was repeated three times, indicated by a, b, and c. combined_id
 The individual identity of the fly, combined with the experimental
 replicate. Each value is unique. population Whether the female came from a
 population deriving from Germany (de) or Portugal (pt). treatment_matings
 The treatment group that a female was assigned to, where 0 = virgin, 1 =
 one mating, 2 = two matings. treatment_full The full names of the
 treatment groups, where 1_mating = female mated once, 2\_ mating = female
 mated twice, 1_virgin = unmated females dissected at the same time as the
 first mated females, 2_virgin = unmated females dissected at the same time
 as the second mated females. latency_mins_1 The length of time (in
 minutes) before the first mating started after the introduction of the
 male to the vial containing the female. duration_mins_1 The duration of
 the first mating, in minutes. mating_succ_1 1 = the first mating was
 successful, 0 = the first mating was unsuccessful. dur_under_10_mins_1 The
 copulation duration of the first mating lasted for less than 10 minutes.
 larvae_mating_1 1 = larvae were produced after the first mating, 0 =
 larvae were not produced larvae_mating_1_fig Used to make a subset to plot
 figure 2A and C. 1 = larvae were produced after the first mating, plus the
 virgins which are NA in the column larave_mating_1, 0 = larvae were not
 produced latency_mins_2 The length of time (in minutes) before the second
 mating started after the introduction of the male to the vial containing
 the female. duration_mins_2 The duration of the second mating, in minutes.
 mating_succ_2 1 = the second mating was successful, 0 = the second mating
 was unsuccessful. dur_under_10_mins_2 The copulation duration of the
 second mating lasted for less than 10 minutes. wounding_fold 1 = female
 had visible wounding, 0 = female had no visible wounding. wound_area Area
 of wounding (micrometers^2). wound_number Number of visible genital
 wounds. mate1_area 1 = females who mated once and area data are available,
 0 = all other females. mate1_numb_wounds 1 = females who mated once, and
 the number of wounds data are available, 0 = all other females.
 mate12_area 1 = females who mated twice and area data are available, 0 =
 all other females. mate12_numb_wounds 1 = females who mated twice, and the
 number of wounds data are available, 0 = all other females.
 wounding_abdomen 1 = black, putatively melanised marks are visible on the
 external ventral abdomen, 0 = black marks not visible. 1. Missing data
 codes: Missing data are denoted as “NA” ### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:
 lab_experiment2.csv 1. Number of variables: 50 2. Number of cases/rows:
 892 3. Variable List: Each row contains data for an individual fly and
 indicates the number of times the female copulated, mating latency,
 copulation duration, and wounding. female_id Individual identity of the
 fly, repeated numbers were used across experiments experiment The
 experiment was repeated three times, indicated by a, b, and c. combined_id
 The individual identity of the fly, combined with the experimental
 replicate. Each value is unique. treatment_matings The treatment group
 that a female was assigned to, where 0 = virgin, 1 = one mating, 2 = two
 matings. treatment_full The full names of the treatment groups, where
 virgin_day5 = unmated females who were not allowed to mate on day five,
 virgin_day7 = unmated females who were not allowed to mate on day seven,
 1_mating_day5 = female mated once on day five, 1_mating_day7 = female
 mated once on day seven, 2_mating_day5_7_refused = females mated on day
 five but who did not remate on day seven despite being exposed to a male,
 2\_ mating_day5_7 = double mated females who mated once on day five and
 again on day seven. latency_mins_1 The length of time (in minutes) before
 the first mating started after the introduction of the male to the vial
 containing the female. duration_mins_1 The duration of the first mating,
 in minutes. dur_under_10_mins_1 The copulation duration of the first
 mating lasted for less than 10 minutes. mating_succ_1 1 = the first mating
 was successful, 0 = the first mating was unsuccessful. larvae_mating_1 1 =
 larvae were produced after the first mating, 0 = larvae were not produced
 latency_mins_2 The length of time (in minutes) before the second mating
 started after the introduction of the male to the vial containing the
 female. duration_mins_2 The duration of the second mating, in minutes.
 dur_under_10_mins_2 The copulation duration of the second mating lasted
 for less than 10 minutes. mating_succ_2 1 = the second mating was
 successful, 0 = the second mating was unsuccessful. number_genital_wounds
 Number of visible genital wounds. exclude 1 = samples excluded from the
 analysis, 0 = samples not excluded from the analysis. wounding_fold 1 =
 female had visible wounding, 0 = female had no visible wounding.
 wound_area Area of wounding (micrometers^2).
 wounding_abdomen_before_mating 1 = female had visible wounding on abdomen
 before mating, 0 = female had no visible wounding on abdomen before
 mating. wounding_abdomen_after_mating 1 = female had visible wounding on
 abdomen after mating, 0 = female had no visible wounding on abdomen before
 mating. number_wounding_abdomen_before_mating Number of visible abdominal
 wounds before mating. number_wounding_abdomen_after_mating Number of
 visible abdominal wounds after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A1 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left first abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left first abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A2 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left second abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left second abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A3 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left third abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left third abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A4 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left fourth abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left fourth abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A5 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left fifth abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left fifth abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A6 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left sixth abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left sixth abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_L_A7 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left seventh abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the left seventh abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_left 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the left side of the abdomen after mating, 0 = female had no visible
 wounding on the left side of the abdomen after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A1 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right first abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right first abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A2 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right second abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right second abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A3 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right third abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right third abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A4 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right fourth abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right fourth abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A5 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right fifth abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right fifth abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A6 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right sixth abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right sixth abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_R_A7 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right seventh abdominal segment after mating, 0 = female had no
 visible wounding on the right seventh abdominal segment after mating.
 place_wounding_abdomen_after_mating_right 1 = female had visible wounding
 on the right side of the abdomen after mating, 0 = female had no visible
 wounding on the right side of the abdomen after mating. 1. Missing data
 codes: Missing data are denoted as “NA” ### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:
 lab_lat_dur1.csv 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 112 3.
 Variable List: Subset of data from lab_experiment.csv, containing only
 females who mated twice. Rows contain data for individual flies, and each
 fly has two rows. female_id Individual identity of the fly experiment The
 experiment was repeated three times, indicated by a, b, and c. combined_id
 The individual identity of the fly, combined with the experimental
 replicate. Each value is unique. population Whether the female came from a
 population deriving from Germany (de) or Portugal (pt).
 first_or_second_mating Whether the data is from the females' first or
 second mating. latency_mins The length of time (in minutes) before mating
 started after the introduction of the male to the vial containing the
 female. duration_mins The duration of the mating, in minutes. ###
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: lab_lat_dur2.csv 1. Number of variables: 6
 2. Number of cases/rows: 44 3. Variable List: Subset of data from
 lab_experiment2.csv, containing only females who mated twice. Rows contain
 data for individual flies, and each fly has two rows. female_id Individual
 identity of the fly experiment The experiment was repeated three times,
 indicated by a, b, and c. combined_id The individual identity of the fly,
 combined with the experimental replicate. Each value is unique.
 first_or_second_mating Whether the data is from the females' first or
 second mating. latency_mins The length of time (in minutes) before mating
 started after the introduction of the male to the vial containing the
 female. duration_mins The duration of the mating, in minutes. ###
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: repeat.csv 1. Number of variables: 2 2.
 Number of cases/rows: 70 3. Variable List: Repeated measures of area are
 used to calculate methodological repeatability. Rows contain data for
 individual flies, and each fly has two rows, i.e., measurements were
 repeated twice for each fly. female_id Individual identity of the fly area
 Area of wounding (micrometers^2). ### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:
 wild_collected.csv 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 105
 3. Variable List: Presence and absence of offspring, and presence of
 wounding to lateral folds in wild-collected D. melanogaster. Each row
 contains data for one fly. species Dmel = *Drosophila melanogaster*, Dsim
 = *Drosophila simulans*. season Season in which the fly was collected.
 site Collection site. date_collected Date on which the fly was collected
 from the wild. sample_id Individual sample identification of each female
 offspring 1 = female produced offspring, 0 = female did not produce
 offspring wounding_fold 1 = female had a wounded lateral fold, 0 = female
 had no visible wounding.