cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h83t0
title: Data from: Age‐dependent leaf physiology and consequences for crown‐scale carbon uptake during the dry season in an Amazon evergreen forest

description: * Satellite and tower-based metrics of forest-scale photosynthesis
 generally increase with dry season progression across central Amazônia,
 but the underlying mechanisms lack consensus. * We conducted demographic
 surveys of leaf age composition, and measured age-dependence of leaf
 physiology in broadleaf canopy trees of abundant species at a central
 eastern Amazon site. Using a novel leaf-to-branch scaling approach, we
 used this data to independently test the much-debated hypothesis—arising
 from satellite and tower-based observations—that leaf phenology could
 explain the forest-scale pattern of dry season photosynthesis. * Stomatal
 conductance and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis were higher for
 recently mature leaves than for old leaves. Most branches had multiple
 leaf age categories simultaneously present, and the number of recently
 mature leaves increased as the dry season progressed because old leaves
 were exchanged for new leaves. * These findings provide the first direct
 field evidence that branch-scale photosynthetic capacity increases during
 the dry season, with a magnitude consistent with increases in
 ecosystem-scale photosynthetic capacity derived from flux towers.
 Interaction between leaf age-dependent physiology and shifting leaf
 age-demographic composition are sufficient to explain the dry season
 photosynthetic capacity pattern at this site, and should be considered in
 vegetation models of tropical evergreen forests.
description: Albert_et_al_2018_TNF_leaf_chem_trait_dataPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.Albert_et_al_2018_TNF_leaf_chlorophyll_dataPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.Albert_et_al_2018_TNF_leaf_demo_dataPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.Albert_et_al_2018_TNF_leaf_demo_data_meansPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.Albert_et_al_2018_TNF_gas_exchange_parametersPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.Albert_et_al_2018_TNF_Gs_porometerPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.Albert_et_al_2018_Clean_LICOR_files_for_uploadPlease see README file for descriptions of all included files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r8591
title: Data from: Multiple factors modulate tree growth complementarity in central European mixed forests

description: Mixed species forests can often be more productive and deliver higher
 levels of ecosystem services and functions than monocultures. However,
 complementarity effects for any given tree species are difficult to
 generalize because they can vary greatly along gradients of climatic
 conditions and resource availability. Identifying the conditions where
 species diversity can positively influence productivity is crucial. To
 date, few studies have examined how growth complementarity across species
 and mixture types is modulated by stand and environmental factors, and
 fewer have considered more than one or two factors. We investigated how
 complementarity effects for several major central European tree species
 change with climatic and edaphic conditions, and with stand structural
 characteristics, including species composition. We used data from the
 Swiss National Forest Inventory, which is based on 3231 plots of pure and
 mixed stands (19 mixture types) across a broad environmental gradient, to
 test (i) how mixing effects change depending on the identity of the
 admixed species and (ii) if complementarity consistently increases when
 environmental conditions become harsher. The magnitude, whether positive
 or negative, of complementarity increased with increasing stand density
 and stand developmental stage, but no general pattern could be identified
 across mixture types. Complementarity for many species increased as
 drought intensity and temperature increased, but not for all species and
 mixture types. While soil conditions, nitrogen and site topography
 influenced complementarity for many species, there was no general pattern
 (increases and decreases were observed). SYNTHESIS. Our study indicates
 that complementarity varies strongly with stand density and stand
 development as well as with topographic, climatic and soil conditions.
 This emphasizes the need to account for site-dependent conditions when
 exploring mixture effects in relation to forest productivity. We found
 that under certain conditions (i.e., increasing drought, higher
 temperature), mixed forests can promote individual-tree growth in central
 European temperate forests. However, careful assessments depending on the
 species composing the stands are required under changing resource
 availability as well as under different levels of stand density and
 development.
description: Model outputs (R
 summaries and correlations)The file contains the
 summary outputs saved from the software R for all the fitted models,
 including matrices reporting the correlation between the variables. Legend
 of variables and tree species, as well as a short explanation on how to
 read the model outputs, are included in the file.Mina_etal_JEcol-2017_Model_outputs.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.58c8v
title: Data from: Biological markets in cooperative breeders: quantifying outside options

description: A major aim in evolutionary biology is to understand altruistic help and
 reproductive partitioning in cooperative societies, where subordinate
 helpers forego reproduction to rear dominant breeders' offspring.
 Traditional models of cooperation in these societies typically make a key
 assumption: that the only alternative to staying and helping is solitary
 breeding, an often unfeasible task. Using large-scale field experiments on
 paper wasps (Polistes dominula), we show that individuals have
 high-quality alternative nesting options available that offer fitness
 payoffs just as high as their actual chosen options, far exceeding payoffs
 from solitary breeding. Furthermore, joiners could not easily be replaced
 if they were removed experimentally, suggesting that it may be costly for
 dominants to reject them. Our results have implications for expected
 payoff distributions for cooperating individuals, and suggest that
 biological market theory, which incorporates partner choice and
 competition for partners, is necessary to understand helping behaviour in
 societies like that of P. dominula. Traditional models are likely to
 overestimate the incentive to stay and help, and therefore the amount of
 help provided, and may underestimate the size of reproductive concession
 required to retain subordinates. These findings are relevant for a wide
 range of cooperative breeders where there is dispersal between social
 groups.
description: nest level
 dataData at the level of
 wasp nestsdryad nest level
 data.xlsxwasp level
 dataData at the level of
 individual waspsdryad wasp level
 data.xlsxrelatedness
 dataGenetic relatedness
 datadryad
 relatedness data.xlsxvideo
 dataBehavioural data from
 video recordingsdryad video
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b24p647
title: Data from: TiO2 thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis as photocatalytic material for air purification

description: In this study, we showed the TiO2 thin films deposited onto window glass
 are practicable for air purification and self-cleaning applications. TiO2
 films were deposited onto window glass by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
 method. Different deposition temperatures were used in the range of
 250-450 °C. The structural, morphological, optical properties and surface
 chemical composition were investigated to understand probable factors
 affecting photocatalytic performance and wettability of the TiO2 thin
 films. The TiO2 thin films were smooth, compacted, and adhered adequately
 on the substrate with a thickness in the range of 100-240 nm. X-Ray
 diffractometer revealed that all the TiO2 thin films consisted of anatase
 phase structure with the mean crystallite size in the range of 13 to 35
 nm. The optical measurements showed that the deposited films were highly
 transparent (∼85%). The wettability test results showed that the TiO2 thin
 films sprayed at 350 and 450 °C and annealed at 500 °C for 1 h were
 superhydrophilic. The photocatalytic activity of the films was tested for
 the degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether in multi-section plug-flow
 reactor. The photocatalytic test results exhibited the highest amount of
 conversion of methyl tert-butyl ether, ~80%, belong to the TiO2 film
 deposited at 350 °C.
description: XRD
 dataThe raw data of XRD
 patterns belong to TiO2 thin films (Fig.3a).Raman
 SpectroscopyThe Raman Spectra of
 TiO2 films (Fig.3b).UV-VIS
 spectroscopyTotal transmittance
 spectra for TiO2 thin films (Fig.4a).Band gap
 Cal.The raw data about band
 gap calculations of all samples (Fig.4b).XPSThe data of oxygen (O1s)
 core level spectra of the surface of TiO2 films
 (Fig.5).Degradation of
 MTBEThe data and
 calculations of the degradation of MTBE in the multi-section plug-flow
 photocatalytic reactor.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.82jk8
title: Data from: Thermoregulation in free-ranging ground woodpeckers Geocolaptes olivaceus: no evidence of torpor

description: Heterothermic responses characterised by pronounced hypometabolism and
 reductions in body temperature (Tb) are one of the most effective ways in
 which small endotherms can offset the energetic cost of endothermic
 homeothermy. It remains unclear, therefore, why daily torpor and
 hibernation are restricted to only a subset of avian lineages. To further
 our understanding of the phylogenetic distribution of avian torpor, we
 investigated winter thermoregulation in the Southern African ground
 woodpecker (Geocolaptes olivaceus). We considered this species a good
 candidate for heterothermy, because it is resident year-round in
 mountainous regions with cold winters and reliant on small ectothermic
 prey. We recorded Tb patterns in free-ranging individuals and measured Tb
 and metabolic rates in captive individuals. Neither free-ranging nor
 captive woodpeckers showed any indication of daily torpor or even shallow
 rest-phase hypothermia. All birds maintained bimodally distributed Tb
 characteristic of classic endothemic homeothermy, with a mean rest-phase
 Tb of 37.9 ± 0.2 °C and no data below 37.0 °C. The mean circadian
 amplitude of Tb was 4.2 °C, equivalent to approximately twice the expected
 value. There was some evidence of seasonal acclimatisation in Tb, with a
 small decrease in rest-phase Tb with the onset of the austral winter.
 Captive birds showed patterns of resting metabolic rate and Tb consistent
 with the classic model of endothermic homeothermy. The apparent absence of
 torpor in G. olivaceus supports the notion that, unlike the case in
 mammals, many avian taxa that may a priori be expected to benefit from
 deep heterothermy do not use it.
description: Ground Woodpecker data -
 JABLab metabolic rate and
 air temperature data (sheet 1) and body temperature data for free-ranging
 individuals (sheet 2)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.84033r7
title: Data from: Queen longevity and fecundity affect conflict with workers over resource inheritance in a social insect

description: Resource inheritance is a major source of conflict in animal societies.
 However, the assumptions and predictions of models of conflict over
 resource inheritance have not been systematically tested within a single
 system. We developed an inclusive fitness model for annual eusocial
 Hymenoptera that predicts a zone of conflict in which future reproductive
 workers are selected to enforce nest inheritance before the queen is
 selected to cede the nest. We experimentally tested key elements of this
 model in the bumble bee Bombus terrestris. In colonies from which queens
 were sequentially removed, queen tenure was significantly negatively
 associated with worker male production, confirming that workers gain
 direct fitness by usurping the queen. In unmanipulated colonies, queen
 fecundity decreased significantly over the latter part of the colony
 cycle, confirming that workers' indirect fitness from maintaining
 queens declines over time. Finally, in an experiment simulating loss of
 queen fecundity by removal of queens' eggs, worker-to-queen
 aggression increased significantly and aggressive workers were
 significantly more likely to become egg-layers, consistent with workers
 monitoring queen fecundity to assess the net benefit of future
 reproduction. Overall, by upholding key assumptions and predictions of the
 model, our results provide novel empirical support for kin-selected
 conflict over resource inheritance.
description: 1 -
 Experiment_(a)_dataExperiment (a):
 data2 -
 Experiment_(b)_frequency of egg-laying eventsExperiment (b):
 frequency of egg-laying events3 -
 Experiment_(b)_number of eggs laid per eventExperiment (b): number
 of eggs laid per event4 -
 Experiment_(c)_digitalfilmaggressionallsepExperiment (c):
 worker-to-queen aggression as a function of treatment5 -
 Experiment_(c)_queenactivityrateExperiment (c): queen
 activity rate6 -
 Experiment_(c)_anytimeperiodExperiment (c):
 worker-to-queen aggression as a function of worker reproductive status -
 any time period7 -
 Experiment_(c)_eggmanipulationperiodonlyExperiment (c):
 worker-to-queen aggression as a function of worker reproductive status -
 egg manipulation period only8 -
 Experiment_(c)_queeneggproductionExperiment (c): queen
 egg production
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fr8g7
title: Data from: Targeted agri-environment schemes significantly improve the population size of common farmland bumblebee species

description: Changes in agricultural practice across Europe and North America have been
 associated with range contractions and local extinction of bumblebees
 (Bombus spp.). A number of agri-environment schemes have been implemented
 to halt and reverse these declines, predominantly revolving around the
 provision of additional forage plants. Although it has been demonstrated
 that these schemes can attract substantial numbers of foraging bumblebees,
 it remains unclear to what extent they actually increase bumblebee
 populations. We used standardized transect walks and molecular techniques
 to compare the size of bumblebee populations between Higher Level
 Stewardship (HLS) farms implementing pollinator-friendly schemes and Entry
 Level Stewardship (ELS) control farms. Bumblebee abundance on the transect
 walks was significantly higher on HLS farms than ELS farms. Molecular
 analysis suggested maximum foraging ranges of 566 m for Bombus hortorum,
 714 m for B. lapidarius, 363 m for B. pascuorum and 799 m for B.
 terrestris. Substantial differences in maximum foraging range were found
 within bumblebee species between farm types. Accounting for foraging range
 differences, B. hortorum (47 vs 13 nests/km2) and B. lapidarius (45 vs 22
 nests/km2) were found to nest at significantly greater densities on HLS
 farms than ELS farms. There were no significant differences between farm
 type for B. terrestris (88 vs 38 nests/km2) and B. pascuorum (32 vs 39
 nests/km2). Across all bumblebee species, HLS management had a
 significantly positive effect on bumblebee nest density. These results
 show that targeted agri-environment schemes that increase the availability
 of suitable forage can significantly increase the size of wild bumblebee
 populations.
description: Bombus
 genotypesMicrosatellite genotypes
 for the four Bombus species studiedBombus pollen and nectar
 useUse of pollen and nectar
 by foraging bumblebeesPollen and nectar use by
 bumblebees.xlsxBombus
 abundanceBumblebee abundance on
 transect walksBumblebee
 abundance.xlsxBombus GPS
 locationsBritish National Grid
 GPS readings for bumblebee sample locations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b2q88
title: Data from: Neutral and adaptive drivers of microgeographic genetic divergence within continuous populations: the case of the Neotropical tree Eperua falcata (Aubl.)

description: Background: In wild plant populations, genetic divergence within
 continuous stands is common, sometimes at very short geographical scales.
 While restrictions to gene flow combined with local inbreeding and genetic
 drift may cause neutral differentiation among subpopulations,
 microgeographical variations in environmental conditions can drive
 adaptive divergence through natural selection at some targeted loci. Such
 phenomena have recurrently been observed in plant populations occurring
 across sharp environmental boundaries, but the interplay between selective
 processes and neutral genetic divergence has seldom been studied. Methods:
 We assessed the extent of within-stand neutral and environmentally-driven
 divergence in the Neotropical tree Eperua falcate Aubl. (Fabaceae) through
 a genome-scan approach. Populations of this species grow in dense stands
 that cross the boundaries between starkly contrasting habitats.
 Within-stand phenotypic and candidate-gene divergence have already been
 proven, making this species a suitable model for the study of genome-wide
 microgeographic divergence. Thirty trees from each of two habitats
 (seasonally flooded swamps and well-drained plateaus) in two separate
 populations were genotyped using thousands of AFLPs markers. To avoid
 genotyping errors and increase marker reliability, each sample was
 genotyped twice and submitted to a rigorous procedure for data cleaning,
 which resulted in 1196 reliable and reproducible markers. Results: Despite
 the short spatial distances, we detected within-populations genetic
 divergence, probably caused by neutral processes, such as restrictions in
 gene flow. Moreover, habitat-structured subpopulations belonging to
 otherwise continuous stands also diverge in relation to environmental
 variability and habitat patchiness: we detected convincing evidence of
 divergent selection at the genome-wide level and for a fraction of the
 analyzed loci (comprised between 0.25% and 1.6%). Simulations showed that
 the levels of differentiation for these outliers are compatible with
 scenarios of strong divergent selection.
description: Eperua_falcata_AFLPs_MarkerBinsThe file describes the AFLPs binset: the restriction enzyme used, the dye color for genotyping, and the location of the AFLPs bins.Eperua_falcata_AFLPs_DataThe file contains a description of the sampled trees (tree number, location) and the AFLPs data (binary)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.31tk592
title: Data from: Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale

description: Genetic variation, as a basis of evolutionary change, allows species to
 adapt and persist in different climates and environments. Yet, a
 comprehensive assessment of the drivers of genetic variation at different
 spatial scales is still missing in marine ecosystems. Here, we
 investigated the influence of environment, geographic isolation, and
 larval dispersal on the variation in allele frequencies, using an
 extensive spatial sampling (47 locations) of the striped red mullet
 (Mullus surmuletus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Univariate multiple
 regressions were used to test the influence of environment (salinity and
 temperature), geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on Single
 Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) allele frequencies. We used Moran’s
 Eigenvector Maps (db-MEMs) and Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps (AEMs) to
 decompose geographic and dispersal distances in predictors representing
 different spatial scales. We found that salinity and temperature had only
 a weak effect on the variation in allele frequencies. Our results revealed
 the predominance of geographic isolation to explain variation in allele
 frequencies at large spatial scale (&gt; 1,000km) while larval
 dispersal was the major predictor at smaller spatial scale (&lt;
 1,000km). Our findings stress the importance of including spatial scales
 to understand the drivers of spatial genetic variation. We suggest that
 larval dispersal allows to maintain gene flows at small to intermediate
 scale, while at broad scale, genetic variation may be mostly shaped by
 adult mobility, demographic history or multi-generational stepping stone
 dispersal. These findings bring out important spatial scale considerations
 to account for in the design of a protected areas network that would
 efficiently enhance protection and persistence capacity of marine species.
description: SNPs
 dataAllele frequencies of
 the 47 sites at 1123 neural SNPs locifq_data_neutre_1123.txtEnvironmental dataMean, maximal and minimal salinity and temperature at the 47 sites.Data_enviro_sans47.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7c09m
title: Data from: Spatially heterogeneous selection in nature favors phenotypic plasticity in anuran larvae

description: Theory holds that adaptive phenotypic plasticity evolves under spatial or
 temporal variation in natural selection. I tested this prediction in a
 classic system of predator-induced plasticity: frog tadpoles (Rana
 temporaria) reacting to predaceous aquatic insects. An outdoor mesocosm
 experiment manipulating exposure to Aeshna dragonfly larvae revealed
 plasticity in most characters: growth, development, behavior, and external
 morphology. I measured selection by placing 1927 tadpoles into enclosures
 within natural ponds; photographs permitted identification of the
 survivors 6–9 days later. Fitness was defined as a linear combination of
 growth, development, and survival that correlates with survival to age 2
 in another anuran species. In enclosures with many predators, selection
 favored character values similar to those induced by exposure to Aeshna in
 mesocosms. The shift in selection along the predation gradient was
 strongest for characters that exhibited high predator-induced plasticity.
 A field survey of 50 ponds revealed that predator density changes over a
 spatial scale relevant for movement of individual adults and larvae: 17%
 of variation in predation risk was among ponds separated by tens to
 thousands of meters and 81% was among sites ≤10m apart within ponds. These
 results on heterogeneity in the selection regime confirm a key tenant of
 the standard model for the evolution of plasticity.
description: Data for Van Buskirk
 (2017, Evolution)Two sheets in an Excel
 file: one contains data from the mesocosm experiment and the other
 contains data from the field experiment. Information on variables is given
 at the top of each sheet.16-0931-R2
 data.xlsx