cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560056
title: EFFECT OF DOMESTIC REGULATION ON INTERNATIONAL ROAD

description: The aim of this paper is to designate the effects of regulations on international road transportation sector and as a result of scientific evidence to help managers during decision-making process. The regulations were found inadequate by the firms in the sector. This inadequacy exerts negative influence on competitiveness of the firms. The research reaches the 192 valid survey numbers in companies operating in the sector. Sub-dimensions of effects of regulation have been determined and analyzed by means of multiple regression method. At the beginning, research based on six dimensions and after the statistical analysis for fives of the dimensions, effects on competitiveness were found statistically significant. The names of the dimensions are “problems related with human resources”, “problems related with customs”, “problems related with penalties” and “obstacles related with the entrance to sector”.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560051
title: WK3. Techniques & data: field training with plants; Woodlot, Dataset 3

description: Data was collected at York University's Keele Campus on pairs of adult trees and their respective distances from each other, heights and physical conditions. This was done using a transect measuring tape with which we walked in a straight line starting from the edge of the woodlot to the centre. At every instance an adult tree was encountered on that path, we recorded the distance between that tree and it’s closest neighbouring adult tree using a second transect (in metres), and the tree’s DBH using a second transect (also in metres), and finally the tree’s physical condition on a scale of 0-2. The scale measured the condition as either 0 = dead, 1 = living, or 2 = huge green canopy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560056.v1
title: EFFECT OF DOMESTIC REGULATION ON INTERNATIONAL ROAD

description: The aim of this paper is to designate the effects of regulations on international road transportation sector and as a result of scientific evidence to help managers during decision-making process. The regulations were found inadequate by the firms in the sector. This inadequacy exerts negative influence on competitiveness of the firms. The research reaches the 192 valid survey numbers in companies operating in the sector. Sub-dimensions of effects of regulation have been determined and analyzed by means of multiple regression method. At the beginning, research based on six dimensions and after the statistical analysis for fives of the dimensions, effects on competitiveness were found statistically significant. The names of the dimensions are “problems related with human resources”, “problems related with customs”, “problems related with penalties” and “obstacles related with the entrance to sector”.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560046
title: Dataset 2: Techniques and data for field training with plants (traits, transects and quadrats)

description: In our group we had five members: Farkhanda, Reema, Olivia, Ratiba and Huda. The data was collected in the york univesrity field area near by the buses stand at the woodlands and grassland. This was done on the Wednesday 23rd, 2015 at 4:00 pm. The temperature was hot that day and there was construction noise, birds noise, busses noise, small insect noise, sunny , cloudy but no air. Also there were many trees in the woodlots and lots of grass and different kind of plants in grass land. Most of the grassland was dead due to change of weather. Some of the plants were dead (for e.g. goldren rod) , and some were colourfull plants (for e.g purple astar). The goal was to collect the plant species, height, distance, number of leaves and number of flowers and crowded patch (0=open, 1=some plants nearby, 2=quiet a few plants, 3=very crowded bunch of plantswithin 50 cm). The equipments are: two measuring transect tape, quadrat, pen, and paper. The experiment was carried out by us choosing which species of plants available to take measurement for. So we decided to choose the golden rod plants because they were lots of them. We split into two groups and one group meausred the height and distance between the plants and other group counted the number of leaves, flowers, and crowd patch of the plants (0=open, 1=some plants nearby, 2=quiet a few plants, 3=very crowded bunch of plantswithin 50 cm). At the end of the measurement and counting we shared our data in the group members.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560051.v1
title: WK3. Techniques & data: field training with plants; Woodlot, Dataset 3

description: Data was collected at York University's Keele Campus on pairs of adult trees and their respective distances from each other, heights and physical conditions. This was done using a transect measuring tape with which we walked in a straight line starting from the edge of the woodlot to the centre. At every instance an adult tree was encountered on that path, we recorded the distance between that tree and it’s closest neighbouring adult tree using a second transect (in metres), and the tree’s DBH using a second transect (also in metres), and finally the tree’s physical condition on a scale of 0-2. The scale measured the condition as either 0 = dead, 1 = living, or 2 = huge green canopy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560048
title: Lab 2 Dataset 2 (grasslands): Population density of milkweed over 25 meter transects

description: Data was collected to determine the population density of milkweed over a certain amount of area. Two 25 metre transects were placed randomly in the grasslands. The first 20 easily identifiable milkweed plants were studied that layed along the transect. The distance from the beginning of the transect to the middle of the plant was recorded in feet later converted to inches. Using a second transect, the height of the plant was recorded in inches. Researchers then observed and counted how many leaves were attached to the plant as well as the number of alive flowers. The level of crowding around the plant was determined by the researchers based on a 0-3 scale where 0 was determined as no surrounding plants, 1 was determined as minimal crowding having some plants surrounding it, 2 was determined as medium crowding having multiple plants around the plant and 3 was determined as heavily crowded with many plants surrounding the individual species. Data was collected at Danby grasslands at York University on September 23rd, 2015 around 3:30pm. The weather was around 25°C with clear skies on a sunny day. Very minimal shade cover. The transects were placed randomly where milkweed was visible. The members of group 4 are Kristine Del Rosario, Kate Britanico, Nassar Khan, Michael Angelini.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560050
title: Data set 2 : Sampling the same plant population .

description: Methods for data set 2: The following experiment was done at York University on Sept 23, 2015 from 3:00-4:15pm the purpose of this data set was to sample the same plant population using a transect tape to generate systemic data from the same individual species within the grassland. Group 1 members consisted of Iman, Loyal, James, Sajid and Anisa but separated into two groups. The first group was responsible for data set 2 which involved James, Imam, and Anisa, James recorded the data in his notebook and held the transect so Iman and Anisa could get the measurement from the transect to get values for height and distance. To get the distance measurements use transect from the first plant to every time Heath Aster is spotted for 20 individuals. Also for the height measurements use the transect tape and measure from the ground of the plant to the highest tip do this for 20 individual plants . The species selected from the grassland were called White Heath Aster; the sample size was 20 individual plants from the same species. Also Iman and Anisa counted the numbers of leaves and flowers on each plant by estimation, taking a count of leaves and flowers from a small section of Heath Aster and within the small section counted each plant multiply the flowers and leaves numbers . The area tested was very crowded which is a 3 from the level of crowdedness, the other levels were 0= Open, 1= some plants are nearby, 2=quite a few plants. The grassland area which is located on York University Keele campus near Danby Woodlot, the temperature on Sept 23, 2015 was very hot and humid, and many insect were present in the grassland.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560046.v1
title: Dataset 2: Techniques and data for field training with plants (traits, transects and quadrats)

description: In our group we had five members: Farkhanda, Reema, Olivia, Ratiba and Huda. The data was collected in the york univesrity field area near by the buses stand at the woodlands and grassland. This was done on the Wednesday 23rd, 2015 at 4:00 pm. The temperature was hot that day and there was construction noise, birds noise, busses noise, small insect noise, sunny , cloudy but no air. Also there were many trees in the woodlots and lots of grass and different kind of plants in grass land. Most of the grassland was dead due to change of weather. Some of the plants were dead (for e.g. goldren rod) , and some were colourfull plants (for e.g purple astar). The goal was to collect the plant species, height, distance, number of leaves and number of flowers and crowded patch (0=open, 1=some plants nearby, 2=quiet a few plants, 3=very crowded bunch of plantswithin 50 cm). The equipments are: two measuring transect tape, quadrat, pen, and paper. The experiment was carried out by us choosing which species of plants available to take measurement for. So we decided to choose the golden rod plants because they were lots of them. We split into two groups and one group meausred the height and distance between the plants and other group counted the number of leaves, flowers, and crowd patch of the plants (0=open, 1=some plants nearby, 2=quiet a few plants, 3=very crowded bunch of plantswithin 50 cm). At the end of the measurement and counting we shared our data in the group members.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560052.v2
title: Species Diversity in Grassland via Quadrat Observation

description: The Quadrat was placed randomly in an area at the worksite. The total abundance was measured by observing the enclosed area at ground level and counting the total number of plants by roots. Species richness was meaasured by looking at the quadrat and identifying different species by leaf shape, leaf size, height and flower colour. Percentage coverage and percentage cover grassland were measured by estimating the coverage in relation to each other, after taking into consideration factors such as bare soil, rocks and dead plants. This is why not every replicant has a combined coverage (%cover + %cover grassland) of 100%
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560043
title: Meta-Data: Analysis of flora species, flora abundance, flora percent coverage and grass percent coverage using randomly placed quadrats within York University grasslands designated area

description: 1 meter by 1 meter quadrats were placed randomly 20 times to visually and physically produce a boundary within which various charecteristics were measured: Number of species, abundance, percent flora coverage and percent grass coverage. Number of species was determined by counting the number of rooted flora species within each placement of the quadrat. Fauna were not counted. Abundance charecteristic was determined through the counting of each individual rooted plant within each quadrat placement. Any plants that appeared to share the same root system were counted as a single entity. Grass coverage was also counted as a single entity. Plants of the same species were counted individually, as this was not the species count, but the abundance count. Percent flora coverage, including grass, was determined by my partner and myself, after which an agreed upon percentage was determined. Estimations were ascertained via a dirt deduction method, whereby the amount of dirt seen was given a percent estimation and deducted from the 100 percent total. Percent grass coverage was estimated by myself and my partner, after which an agreed upon estimation was chosen. Any flattened blades of grass were lifted so as to provide a more accurate estimation of grass coverage. All observations were made from 3:00 pm to 5:30 pm on September 23, 2015 at the grasslands designated area, York University. Members of the observational group included Jordan Deosamy, Mandy Huynh, and Mariam Nnanna, as well as myself, Dylan Stoll. The conditions of the day were sunny, clear skies and very warm temperature.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560050.v1
title: Data set 2 : Sampling the same plant population .

description: Methods for data set 2: The following experiment was done at York University on Sept 23, 2015 from 3:00-4:15pm the purpose of this data set was to sample the same plant population using a transect tape to generate systemic data from the same individual species within the grassland. Group 1 members consisted of Iman, Loyal, James, Sajid and Anisa but separated into two groups. The first group was responsible for data set 2 which involved James, Imam, and Anisa, James recorded the data in his notebook and held the transect so Iman and Anisa could get the measurement from the transect to get values for height and distance. To get the distance measurements use transect from the first plant to every time Heath Aster is spotted for 20 individuals. Also for the height measurements use the transect tape and measure from the ground of the plant to the highest tip do this for 20 individual plants . The species selected from the grassland were called White Heath Aster; the sample size was 20 individual plants from the same species. Also Iman and Anisa counted the numbers of leaves and flowers on each plant by estimation, taking a count of leaves and flowers from a small section of Heath Aster and within the small section counted each plant multiply the flowers and leaves numbers . The area tested was very crowded which is a 3 from the level of crowdedness, the other levels were 0= Open, 1= some plants are nearby, 2=quite a few plants. The grassland area which is located on York University Keele campus near Danby Woodlot, the temperature on Sept 23, 2015 was very hot and humid, and many insect were present in the grassland.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560052.v1
title: Species Diversity in Grassland via Quadrat Observation
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560040
title: Observing Bird Populations using a Distance Based Dataset

description: A dataset observing the bird population in the Danby Woods and Grassland at York University in Toronto Ontario. The project was completed by myself, Adamo, Katherine, Ava, and Ashley- a group of ecology students. The project ran from approximately 3:50 to 4:25 p.m. on September 29th. The experiment took place under dark cloudy skies and in roughly 18 ⁰C weather. The conditions of weather were constant precipitation and a continuous wind. The experiment consisted of observing the number of birds, and the number of different Recognizable Taxonomic Units (RTU) in a given area. The area was determined using a belt transect, which was set up by placing a 9 metre transect along the ground and watching for any birds within an 8 metre radius of that transect. When a bird was spotted, one member of the group estimated the distance with respect to the horizontal axis of the ground. The group had decided to not take height of the bird from the ground into account. The transect was observed for 3 minutes to ensure that the mobility of birds was taken into account in the estimation of the population. For each bird sighting, a rating from the Beaufort scale of wind speed was decided as well. The experiment was replicated 5 times in the grassland, and another 5 times in the woods with a transect in a different spot each time. Most likely due to the rain, there was a minimal bird count with zero sightings in the woods and only a total of 5 birds spotted in the grasslands. There also was not an extensive number of RTU’s. Instead only sparrows, robins, and mourning doves were seen from the transects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560042
title: Grassland Data Set 1 (V.2)

description: This experiement was conducted to discover the different species of vegetation covering the grasslands portion of the Danby woods at York University. The experiement was conducted on Monday September 21st, from 2:30 pm to 5:30 pm. The climate was favorable for the experiment; sunny with periods of wind. Working alongside Abera Chelva, the lead experimenter, Phaeba Wilson Mathews travelled through the west end of the Danby Woods, in close proximity to the York Blvd Lot to collect 25 randomly placed quadrat samples. Beginning at the starting point, arbitrarily marked as X, the experimenters used the randomly generated numbers from the website, www.random.org to place the quadrats and collect the required samples. The experimenters travelled in directions associated with the YorkU campus map compass (http://maps.info.yorku.ca/files/2013/02/KEELE_Map_Colour.pdf). For each quadrat sample, the total abundance of plants, total number of different species, total cover of all vegetation, and total cover of grasses was recorded. The total abundance of plants is recorded as an integer value and was recorded through a quick scanning of the specified quadrat area. The total number of different species, also recorded as an integer, was collected through careful examination of the area. The different species recorded are as follows: Buroak (Bu) Beb Willow (Be) Chokecherry (Ch) Staghorn (St) Big Tooth Asper (BT) White Oak (W) Beech (Bc) Blackcherry (BCh)and Acorns (A). Consistency was maintained through the sample collection, so as to ensure all incorrectly identified species was still accounted for. The total cover of all vegetation was recorded as a percentage and was determined by observing the visual layout of the quadrat area. The determined percentage for total cover was recorded at the discretion of the lead experimenter, and not based on any specific calculations, only observation. The total cover of all grasses was also recorded as a percentage and followed the same procedure as the total cover of all vegetation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560048.v3
title: Lab 2 Dataset 2 (grasslands): Population density of milkweed over 25 meter transects

description: Data was collected to determine the population density of milkweed over a certain amount of area. Two 25 metre transects were placed randomly in the grasslands. The first 20 easily identifiable milkweed plants were studied that layed along the transect. The distance from the beginning of the transect to the middle of the plant was recorded in feet later converted to inches. Using a second transect, the height of the plant was recorded in inches. Researchers then observed and counted how many leaves were attached to the plant as well as the number of alive flowers. The level of crowding around the plant was determined by the researchers based on a 0-3 scale where 0 was determined as no surrounding plants, 1 was determined as minimal crowding having some plants surrounding it, 2 was determined as medium crowding having multiple plants around the plant and 3 was determined as heavily crowded with many plants surrounding the individual species. Data was collected at Danby grasslands at York University on September 23rd, 2015 around 3:30pm. The weather was around 25°C with clear skies on a sunny day. Very minimal shade cover. The transects were placed randomly where milkweed was visible. The members of group 4 are Kristine Del Rosario, Kate Britanico, Nassar Khan, Michael Angelini.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560039
title: Percent canopy coverage, diameter at breast height and distance between maple trees in Danby woodlot, York University

description: On Wednesday September 23rd, 2015, lab 2 of BIOL2050 was performed in Danby Woodlot, located at York University's Keele campus. Dataset 4 was compiled from 4:30 PM to 5:30 PM. The woodlot had a desnse concentration of trees, shading the area. Weather was comprised of clear skies, a light breeze and a temperature of roughly 22 degrees celsius. In total, 10 adult maple trees (having a height of 12 feet or greater) and 10 maple tree saplings (height is less than 12 feet) were randomly sampled and measurements were made using a transect. All measurements were initially made in feet but were converted to meters in the data set.The purpose of the lab was to practice field training with plants but was also able to explore the effects of canopy density on tree sapling growth specificaly with dataset 4. Distance from randomly selected adult maple trees to the nearest maple tree sapling were measured by placing the end of a transect to the surface of the adult tree then extending the transect to the surface of the nearest sapling (ensuring that the transect tape was parallel to the ground). Measurements were observed visually and recorded. Diameter at breast height of adult and saplings were measured by the same group member (breast height of 1.5m) during each replicate to ensure consistency. Transect tape was held horizontally at breast height and a group member estimated the length of the tree along the transect tape by observation. Percent canopy coverage was estimated by standing directly below the adult samples of interest and holding up hands to make a hollow square in the sky. Specifically, on each hand, the index and thumb created an "L" shape. The thumb of one hand needed to touch the index of the other hand. The percentage of canopy coverage was estimated by observing how much canopy was contained in the the hollow square of your hands against the sky.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1560043.v4
title: Meta-Data: Analysis of flora species, flora abundance, flora percent coverage and grass percent coverage using randomly placed quadrats within York University grasslands designated area

description: 1 meter by 1 meter quadrats were placed randomly 20 times to visually and physically produce a boundary within which various charecteristics were measured: Number of species, abundance, percent flora coverage and percent grass coverage. Number of species was determined by counting the number of rooted flora species within each placement of the quadrat. Fauna were not counted. Abundance charecteristic was determined through the counting of each individual rooted plant within each quadrat placement. Any plants that appeared to share the same root system were counted as a single entity. Grass coverage was also counted as a single entity. Plants of the same species were counted individually, as this was not the species count, but the abundance count. Percent flora coverage, including grass, was determined by my partner and myself, after which an agreed upon percentage was determined. Estimations were ascertained via a dirt deduction method, whereby the amount of dirt seen was given a percent estimation and deducted from the 100 percent total. Percent grass coverage was estimated by myself and my partner, after which an agreed upon estimation was chosen. Any flattened blades of grass were lifted so as to provide a more accurate estimation of grass coverage. All observations were made from 3:00 pm to 5:30 pm on September 23, 2015 at the grasslands designated area, York University. Members of the observational group included Jordan Deosamy, Mandy Huynh, and Mariam Nnanna, as well as myself, Dylan Stoll. The conditions of the day were sunny, clear skies and very warm temperature.