cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.86h2k
title: Data from: Tracking global change using lichen diversity: towards a global-scale ecological indicator

description: Lichens have been used to efficiently track major drivers of global change
 from the local to regional scale since the beginning of the industrial
 revolution (sulphur dioxide) to the present (nitrogen deposition and
 climate change). Currently, the challenge is to universalize monitoring
 methodologies to compare global change drivers’ simultaneous and
 independent effects on ecosystems and to assess the efficacy of mitigation
 measures. Because two protocols are now used at a continental scale North
 America (US) and Europe (EU), it is timely to investigate the
 compatibility of the interpretation of their outcomes. For the first time,
 we present an analytical framework to compare the interpretation of data
 sets coming from these methods utilizing broadly accepted biodiversity
 metrics, featuring a paired data set from the US Pacific Northwest. The
 methodologies yielded highly similar interpretation trends between
 response metrics: taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and community
 composition shifts in response to two major drivers of global change
 (nitrogen deposition and climate). A framework was designed to incorporate
 surrogates of species richness (the most commonly used empirical trend in
 taxonomic diversity), shifts in species composition (compositional
 turnover) and metrics of functional diversity (link between community
 shifts to effects and ecosystem structure and functioning). These metrics
 are essential to more thoroughly comprehend biodiversity response to
 global change. Its inclusion in this framework enables future
 cross-continental analysis of lichen biodiversity change from North
 America and Europe in response to global change. Future works should focus
 on developing independent metrics for response to global change drivers,
 namely climate and pollution, taking us one step closer to a lichen-based
 global ecological indicator.
description: Lichen abundance
 dataLichen abundance data
 obtained using the US Forest service and EU (total and macrolichens only)
 lichen diversity standard sampling methodologies. Data corresponds to 28
 sites sampled across climate and pollution gradients in northwestern
 USA.PMATOS_DATA_DRYADES.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3sv4p
title: Data from: Shape-shift: semicircular canal morphology responds to selective breeding for increased locomotor activity

description: Variation in semicircular canal morphology correlates with locomotor
 agility among species of mammals. An experimental evolutionary mouse model
 was used to test the hypotheses that semicircular canal morphology (1)
 evolves in response to selective breeding for increased locomotor
 activity, (2) exhibits phenotypic plasticity in response to early-onset
 chronic exercise, and (3) is unique in individuals possessing the
 minimuscle phenotype. We examined responses in canal morphology to
 prolonged wheel access and selection in laboratory mice from four
 replicate lines bred for high voluntary wheel-running (HR) and four
 nonselected control (C) lines. Linear measurements and a suite of 3D
 landmarks were obtained from 3D reconstructions of μCT-scanned mouse
 crania (μCT is microcomputed tomography). Body mass was smaller in HR than
 C mice and was a significant predictor of both radius of curvature and 3D
 canal shape. Controlling for body mass, radius of curvature did not differ
 statistically between HR and C mice, but semicircular canal shape did.
 Neither chronic wheel access nor minimuscle affected radius of curvature
 or canal shape These findings suggest that semicircular canal morphology
 is responsive to evolutionary changes in locomotor behavior, but the
 pattern of response is potentially different in small- versus large-bodied
 species.
description: Dryad_Data_for_14-0032.R1Semicircular canal shape and linear data for 14-0032.R1
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mn5f8
title: Data from: Arboreal ecology of Plethodontidae: a review

description: Lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae are widely distributed
 and the most diverse lineage of caudates. Plethodontids occupy forested
 and freshwater habitats, where they can achieve remarkable abundance and
 biomass. The majority of tropical plethodontids are arboreal. Though
 generally considered ground dwelling, a large proportion of temperate
 species have been observed climbing shrubs, trees, and herbaceous
 vegetation. Approximately 45% of terrestrial and semi-aquatic (not
 including permanently aquatic) plethodontid species are known to
 obligately or facultatively climb vegetation; yet, with the exception of
 tropical plethodontids, the importance of arboreal habits is generally
 underappreciated. The potential benefits of arboreality vary based on life
 history and geography but may include improved olfaction, increased
 foraging potential, shelter and nesting, and predator avoidance.
 Constraints on arboreality include increased water loss rates and
 morphological limitations. Recognition of arboreal habits as a relevant
 component of salamander ecology is important in rapidly changing
 landscapes with anthropogenic alterations to midstory and canopy
 communities.
description: List of Arboreal
 Plethodontid SalamandersThis list includes all
 plethodontid species known to climb plants, the general geographic region,
 the type of arboreality, and the sources of
 information.ArborealEcologyList.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.96r47g0
title: Data from: Soil microbes promote complementarity effects among co-existing trees through soil nitrogen partitioning

description: 1. Plant resource partitioning is a mechanism promoting species
 coexistence and ecosystem functioning. Yet, we still have limited
 understanding of how soil microbes, especially plant symbiotic microbes,
 influence resource partitioning. We hypothesized that soil borne microbes,
 in particular mycorrhizal fungi, facilitate differential performance of
 tree species depending on different nitrogen sources and that this leads
 to a positive plant diversity–community productivity relationship. 2. We
 conducted two complementing glasshouse experiments. In a “monoculture
 experiment”, we supplied nitrogen as ammonium, nitrate or glycine and
 tested the growth response of three tree species associated with different
 root symbionts: one associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi, one associated
 with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the third associated with both
 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing bacteria. In an “intermixed
 experiment”, we grew the tree species at three richness levels (one, two
 or three species) in soil supplied with a mix of the three nitrogen forms
 or no added nitrogen, and with or without soil microbes. 3. The
 monoculture experiment showed that in the presence of soil microbes, the
 ectomycorrhizal plant species grew best when supplied with glycine and the
 two arbuscular mycorrhizal plant species grew best with either nitrate or
 ammonium addition. When the different forms of nitrogen were mixed in the
 intermixed experiment, plant mixtures produced more biomass than plant
 monocultures in the presence of soil microbes, with positive
 complementarity effects indicating microbe-mediated plant resource
 partitioning. 4. Our results suggest that co-existing tree species can
 partition soil nitrogen when grown with their particular mycorrhizal
 symbionts or other soil microbes, resulting in positive biodiversity
 effects in complex resource environments.
description: Shan Luo et al
 Functional Ecology-intermixed experimentShan Luo et al
 Functional Ecology-monoculture experiment
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6st80
title: Data from: Collective defence portfolios of ant hosts shift with social parasite pressure

description: Host defences become increasingly costly as parasites breach successive
 lines of defence. Because selection favours hosts that successfully resist
 parasitism at the lowest possible cost, escalating coevolutionary arms
 races are likely to drive host defence portfolios towards ever more
 expensive strategies. We investigated the interplay between host defence
 portfolios and social parasite pressure by comparing 17 populations of two
 Temnothorax ant species. When successful, collective aggression not only
 prevents parasitation but also spares host colonies the cost of searching
 for and moving to a new nest site. However, once parasites breach the
 host's nest defence, host colonies should resort to flight as the
 more beneficial resistance strategy. We show that under low parasite
 pressure, host colonies more likely responded to an intruding
 Protomognathus americanus slavemaker with collective aggression, which
 prevented the slavemaker from escaping and potentially recruiting
 nest-mates. However, as parasite pressure increased, ant colonies of both
 host species became more likely to flee rather than to fight. We conclude
 that host defence portfolios shift consistently with social parasite
 pressure, which is in accordance with the degeneration of frontline
 defences and the evolution of subsequent anti-parasite strategies often
 invoked in hosts of brood parasites.
description: behavioural_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1mt16
title: Data from: Methods for invasive species control are transferable across invaded areas

description: Cane Toads (Rhinella marina) are invasive pests in many parts of the
 world, including the Japanese island of Ishigaki. Extensive research in
 Australia has identified promising new methods for control, but also has
 shown that toads exhibit geographic variation in many traits (suggesting
 that methods developed in one location may not work in another). Can the
 approaches developed in Australia play a useful role for controlling this
 invasive species in Japan? Our experimental trials on Ishigaki Island
 suggest that these new methods can be successfully applied to Japan.
 First, Cane Toad embryos exposed to chemical cues of conspecific tadpoles
 exhibited a reduction in viability (subsequent growth and development).
 This response appears to be species-specific, with native frog embryos not
 being affected by exposure to cues from toad tadpoles, and Cane Toad
 embryos not being affected by exposure to cues from native frog tadpoles.
 Second, Cane Toad tadpoles were attracted to traps containing water from
 conspecific eggs, and toxin from adult conspecifics. Third, adult Cane
 Toads were attracted to acoustic cues of calling males, with sex
 differences in rates of attraction to specific versions of a synthetic
 call (males were attracted to choruses whereas females were attracted to
 low-frequency calls). Our results suggest that the methods developed by
 Australian researchers are applicable to controlling invasive Cane Toads
 in Japan.
description: Toad control Japan
 analysisToad
 Control Japan Analysis Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dk4n0
title: Data from: Variable competitive effects of fungicide resistance in field experiments with a plant pathogenic fungus

description: Classic evolutionary theory suggests that mutations associated with
 antimicrobial and pesticide resistance result in a fitness cost in the
 absence of the selective antimicrobial agent or pesticide. There is
 experimental evidence to support fitness costs associated with resistance
 to anti-microbial compounds and pesticides across many biological
 disciplines, including human pathology, entomology, plant sciences, and
 plant pathology. However, researchers have also found examples of neutral
 and increased fitness associated with resistance, where the effect of a
 given resistance mutation depends on environmental and biological factors.
 We used Zymoseptoria tritici, a model evolutionary plant pathogenic
 fungus, to compare the competitive ability of fungicide-resistant isolates
 to fungicide-sensitive isolates. We conducted four large-scale inoculated
 winter wheat experiments at Oregon State University agriculture experiment
 stations. We found a significant change in the frequency of fungicide
 resistance over time in all four experiments. The direction and magnitude
 of these changes, however, differed by experimental location, year of
 experiment, and inoculum resistance treatment (fungicide-resistant,
 resistant/sensitive mixture, and fungicide-sensitive). These results
 suggest that the competitive ability of resistant isolates relative to
 sensitive isolates varied depending upon environmental conditions,
 including the initial frequency of resistant individuals in the
 population.
description: STAG_2014_2015_MASTERSHEETData collected in the field in inoculated experiments in 2014 and 2015 at two locations "h" = Hyslop farm; "b" = Botany farm. "Treatment" column is in reference to table 1 of the manuscript. "Total" column is the total number of isolates collected, "Resistant" column is the number of isolates collected that were resistant to fungicide
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qm28r
title: Data from: A comparative analysis of the behavioral response to fishing boats in two albatross species

description: Anthropogenic food resources have significantly modified the foraging
 behavior of many animal species. They enhance large multi-specific
 aggregations of individuals, with strong ecological consequences. It is
 challenging to predict how individuals or species can differ in their
 reaction to these resources. For instance, there are wide variations in
 seabird species abundance behind fishing boats, and individual variations
 in interaction rates. Whether this is reflecting variations in fine-scale
 encounter rates or rather variations in attraction strength is poorly
 quantified. Here we compare the response of Wandering (WA) and
 Black-browed (BBA) albatrosses to fishing boats operating in sub-Antarctic
 waters. We use GPS tracking data from both birds and boats (Vessel
 Monitoring System). Attraction distances were similar between the 2
 species (up to 30 km). BBA foraged further from fishing grounds and
 encountered boats less frequently than WA, but once they encountered a
 boat BBA were more strongly attracted (80% vs. 60% chance) and had a
 higher level of active interaction, compared to WA. Furthermore, in the
 absence of boats, BBA were rarely observed foraging over the habitat where
 the fisheries mainly operate, in contrast with WA. We thus report
 qualitative and quantitative differences in the response of these 2
 species to the same fishing fleet. WA, the larger, more dominant and more
 generalist species was unexpectedly less attracted to fishing vessels.
 Comparing our results with previously published studies, we suggest that
 energetic requirements of individuals may be a crucial predictor for
 assessing risks of interactions with anthropogenic food resources.
description: AllDaylightEncounters_BBAvsWA_30km_3km_TTR4locsThis file compiles as each entry a boat encounter by either a WA or a BBA. As indicated in the file name, an encounter has been defined as a series of consecutive locations remaining within 30km of a boat with no interruptions of more than 4 locations (Time To Return value). It allows computation of the probability to attend a boat (sittin within 3km), time remaining around boats or the average distance when attending.ScriptsCodes to analyze data. Check also on https://github.com/julco134/birboat
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6s241
title: Data from: Strong assortative mating by diet, color, size, and morphology but limited progress toward sympatric speciation in a classic example: Cameroon crater lake cichlids

description: Models predict that sympatric speciation depends on restrictive parameter
 ranges, such as sufficiently strong disruptive selection and assortative
 mating, but compelling examples in nature have rarely been used to test
 these predictions. I measured the strength of assortative mating within a
 species complex of Tilapia in Lake Ejagham, Cameroon, a celebrated example
 of incipient sympatric adaptive radiation. This species complex is in the
 earliest stages of speciation: morphological and ecological divergence are
 incomplete, species differ primarily in breeding coloration, and
 introgression is common. I captured 27 mated pairs in situ and measured
 the diet, color, size, and morphology of each individual. I found strong
 assortative mating by color, size, head depth, and dietary source of
 benthic or pelagic prey along two independent dimensions of assortment.
 Thus, Ejagham Tilapia showed strong assortative mating most conducive to
 sympatric speciation. Nonetheless, in contrast to a morphologically
 bimodal Sarotherodon cichlid species pair in the lake, Ejagham Tilapia
 show more limited progress toward speciation, likely due to insufficient
 strength of disruptive selection on morphology estimated in a previous
 study (γ = 0.16). This supports the predicted dependence of sympatric
 speciation on strong assortment and strong disruptive selection by
 examining a potentially stalled example in nature.
description: raw diet morphology
 color and lightness of pairsraw morphology of random
 sample of Ejagham Tilapiafinal size-corrected
 morphology color and lightness of pairsSize-correct
 morphological traits, PC1-3 of color measurements, and PC1-2 for lightness
 of mated pairs. This dataset used for canonical correlation analysis
 between males and females.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4ms68
title: Data from: Randomised controlled trial of an education and support package for stroke patients and their carers

description: Objective: Tailoring stroke information and providing reinforcement
 opportunities are two strategies proposed to enhance the effectiveness of
 education. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an education
 package which utilised both strategies on the knowledge, health and
 psychosocial outcomes of stroke patients and carers. Design: Multisite,
 randomised trial comparing usual care with an education and support
 package. Setting: Two acute stroke units. Participants: Patients and their
 carers (N=138) were randomised (control n=67, intervention n=71) of which
 data for 119 participants (control n=59, intervention n=60) were analysed.
 Intervention: The package consisted of a computer-generated, tailored
 written information booklet and verbal reinforcement provided prior to,
 and for 3 months following, discharge. Outcome measures: Outcome measures
 were administered prior to hospital discharge and at 3-month follow-up by
 blinded assessors. The primary outcome was stroke knowledge (score range:
 0–25). Secondary outcomes were: self-efficacy (1–10), anxiety and
 depression (0–21), ratings of importance of information (1–10), feelings
 of being informed (1–10), satisfaction with information (1–10), caregiver
 burden (carers) (0–13) and quality of life (patients) (1–5). Results:
 Intervention group participants reported better: self-efficacy for
 accessing stroke information (adjusted mean difference (MD) of 1.0, 95% CI
 0.3 to 1.7, p=0.004); feeling informed (MD 0.9, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.6,
 p=0.008); and satisfaction with medical (MD 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8,
 p&lt;0.001); practical (MD 1.1, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.9, p=0.008), services
 and benefits (MD 0.9, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.8, p=0.036) and secondary prevention
 information (MD 1.7, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.5, p&lt;0.001). There was no
 significant effect on other outcomes. Conclusions: Intervention group
 participants had improved self-efficacy for accessing stroke information
 and satisfaction with information, but other outcomes were not
 significantly affected. Evaluation of a more intensive intervention in a
 trial with a larger sample size is required to establish the value of an
 educational intervention that uses tailoring and reinforcement strategies.
description: ALL_demographics and
 baseline_DryadDemographics and
 baseline data of all recruited participantsANALYSED_RCT_Whole
 group_DryadBaseline (ii) and follow
 up (fu) data for participants followed up.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kr966
title: Data from: Run to the hills: gene flow among mountain areas leads to low genetic differentiation in the Norwegian lemming

description: The endemic Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) is an icon for cyclic
 species, famous since the Middle Ages for its enormous population
 outbreaks and mass movements. Although the drivers behind this cyclicity
 have been intensively investigated, virtually nothing is known about the
 extent to which long-distance dispersal during population peaks actually
 lead to gene flow among mountain tundra areas. In this article, we use
 nine microsatellite markers to address this question and analyse
 range-wide genetic diversity and differentiation between Fennoscandian
 sub-regions. The results revealed a high genetic variation with a
 surprisingly weak population structure, comparable to that of much larger
 mammals. The differentiation was mainly characterized as a genetic cline
 across the species' entire distribution, and results from spatial
 autocorrelation analyses suggested that gene flow occurs with sufficiently
 high frequency to create a genetic patch size of 100 km. Further, we found
 that for the equivalent distances, the southern sub-regions were
 genetically more similar to each other than those in the north, which
 indicates that the prolonged periods of interrupted lemming cyclicity
 recorded in the northern parts of Fennoscandia have led to increased
 isolation and population differentiation. In summary, we propose that mass
 movements during peak years act as pulses of gene flow between mountain
 tundra areas, and that these help to maintain genetic variation and
 counteract differentiation over vast geographic distances.
description: Lemmus spp.
 genotypesGenotypes for all
 samples included in the data analysesLemmus spp. site
 infoSite information and
 collection year of all samples included in the data
 analyses