DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mnk
title: Ecological drivers of variation in the extent of the post-fledgling dependence period in raptors

description: The post-fledgling dependence period (PFDP) is a fundamental stage in the
 life cycle of altricial birds that determines their long-term survival and
 fitness. However, research on the duration of this period in raptors, and
 on the global factors affecting it, is scarce. We performed the
 first-of-its-kind literature review on the length of the PFDP in
 Accipitridae, the largest family among diurnal raptors, and a
 meta-analysis examining the effects of breeding latitude and hemisphere,
 body weight, and migratory status, controlling for species’ phylogeny.
 Hypotheses were contrasted to the species and population levels. The
 length of the PFDP is only known for less than half of Accipitridae
 species, with no data for two thirds of the threatened and near-threatened
 species. Larger species and individuals breeding in lower latitudes showed
 longer PFDPs, as well as non-migrants and southern-hemisphere breeders.
 The effect of latitude was more marked in larger species, in resident
 populations and in southern hemisphere breeders. This extended PFDP in
 larger and tropical raptors may promote juvenile survival. Migration
 timing and the effects of continentality in the northern hemisphere
 constrain the time available for this period. Results highlight the
 importance of encouraging the study of this key, but poorly known, life
 cycle stage of raptors.
description: We ran a complete literature search (03/02/2023) using Scopus,
 Google Scholar and Web of Science, with the key words “post-fledgling
 dependence period”, “dependence period”, “independence”, “onset of
 dispersal” and “onset of migration”, paired with the generic common names
 of the raptors: “eagle”, “hawk”, “buzzard” and “kite”, using also the
 Spanish translations.  Additional information on
 species-specific data (e.g., body weight, clutch size) was obtained from
 Birds of the World (2022). The dataset added here
 corresponds to all the valid studies used for the manuscript. The dataset
 per species (processed with a meta-analysis via <em>metafor
 </em>package in R) is already available in the supplementary
 material (Supporting information).
description: # Ecological drivers of variation in the extent of the post-fledgling
 dependence period in raptors This dataset (in .csv format) includes the
 results of the literature search in Scopus, Web of Science and Google
 Scholar, of the state of knowledge on the duration of the post-fledgling
 dependence period (PFDP) of raptors of the family Accipitridae. # Method
 used to create the dataset The 210 studies found with valid values of PFDP
 and the other variables are shown in the dataset. The Supplementary
 Material 1 (available in the submission form) corresponds to the processed
 data (i.e., the meta-analysis of this dataset via the *metafor* package).
 # Description of the Data and file structure The dataset includes the
 following columns: * Subfamily. * Species name. * Common name. * Year
 (when the study was performed). * Country (where the species breeds in the
 study). * Ecozone (or biogeographic realm where the species breeds in the
 study). * Latitude: absolute breeding latitude of the species in the
 study. * Hemisphere: breeding hemisphere of the species in the study *
 Body weight of the species in kilograms. This is a species-specific trait
 found in Birds of the World (2022). * Status: migratory status of the
 species in the study area. M = Migrant; R = Resident. * N: number of
 individuals with which the PFDP was calculated in each study * CS: clutch
 size of the species. This is a species-specific trait found in Birds of
 the World (2022). * PFDP: duration of the post-fledgling dependence period
 in days of each species in each study (i.e., average value of the total
 number of individuals assessed in each study) * SD: standard deviation of
 the duration of the post-fledgling dependence period of each species in
 each study. * Reference: study from which the data was collected ##
 Sharing/access Information Since this study is based on the data on other
 studies, data concerning each study should be cited accordingly, following
 the column "Reference". Data obtained from this study or data
 accessed via this metadata should also be cited.