cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/khuzb7
title: Globally, plant-soil feedbacks are weak predictors of plant abundance

description: AbstractPlant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) have been shown to strongly affect plant performance under controlled conditions, and PSFs are thought to have far reaching consequences for plant population dynamics and the structuring of plant communities. However, thus far the relationship between PSF and plant species abundance in the field is not consistent. Here, we synthesize PSF experiments from tropical forests to semiarid grasslands, and test for a positive relationship between plant abundance in the field and PSFs estimated from controlled bioassays. We meta-analyzed results from 22 PSF experiments and found an overall positive correlation (0.12 ≤ ▁(r ̅ ) ≤ 0.32) between plant abundance in the field and PSFs across plant functional types (herbaceous and woody plants) but also variation by plant functional type. Thus, our analysis provides quantitative support that plant abundance has a general albeit weak positive relationship with PSFs across ecosystems. Overall, our results suggest that harmful soil biota tend to accumulate around and disproportionately impact species that are rare. However, data for the herbaceous species, which are most common in the literature, had no significant abundance-PSFs relationship. Therefore, we conclude that further work is needed within and across biomes, succession stages and plant types, both under controlled and field conditions, while separating PSF effects from other drivers (e.g. herbivory, competition, disturbance) of plant abundance to tease apart the role of soil biota in causing patterns of plant rarity versus commonness.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/lkygm6
title: Queen-worker conflict can drive the evolution of social polymorphism and split sex ratios in facultatively eusocial life-cycles

description: AbstractHamilton’s idea that haplodiploidy favors the evolution of altruism – the haplodiploidy hypothesis -- relies on the relatedness asymmetry between the sexes, caused by the sex-specific ploidies. Theoretical work on the consequences of relatedness asymmetries has significantly improved our understanding of sex-allocation and intra-colony conflicts, but the importance of haplodiploidy for the evolution of altruism came to be seen as minor. However, recently it was shown that haplodiploidy can strongly favor the evolution of eusociality, provided additional “preadaptations” are also present, such as the production of multiple broods per season and maternal ability to bias offspring sex ratios. These results were obtained assuming no influence of workers on the sex ratio, even though worker control of the sex ratio is known to occur. Here we model the evolution of sex-specific fratricide as a mechanism of worker control over the sex ratio. We show that fratricide can facilitate the initial evolution of helping. However, fratricide can also hamper the evolution of unconditional help. Instead, social polymorphism evolves, a mixture of helping and dispersing offspring. Finally, we show that the co-evolution of sex-allocation strategies of workers (fratricide) and queens leads to a split production of the sexes, with some colonies specializing in males and others in females. Thus, the model predicts that fratricide spawns a diversity of co-existing life cycles that strongly vary in degree of sociality and sex ratios.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/gtdh2f
title: Beyond leaf habit: generalities in plant function across 97 tropical dry forest tree species

description: Abstract Leaf habit has been hypothesized to define a linkage between the slow-fast plant economic spectrum and the drought resistance-avoidance trade-off in tropical forests (‘slow-safe versus fast-risky’). However, variation in hydraulic traits as a function of leaf habit has rarely been explored for a large number of species. We sampled leaf and branch functional traits of 97 tropical dry forest tree species from four sites to investigate whether patterns of trait variation varied consistently in relation to leaf habit along the ‘slow-safe versus fast-risky’ tradeoff. Leaf habit explained from 0 to 43.69 % of individual trait variation. We found that evergreen and semi-deciduous species differed in their location along the multivariate trait ordination when compared to deciduous species. While deciduous species showed consistent trait values, evergreen species trait values varied as a function of the site. Last, trait values varied in relation to the proportion of deciduous species in the plant community. We found that leaf habit describes the strategies that define drought avoidance and plant economics in tropical trees. However, leaf habit alone does not explain patterns of trait variation, which suggests that quantifying site-specific or species-specific uncertainty in trait variation as the way forward.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/6liord
title: Spinning in the rain: interactions between spider web morphology and microhabitat use

description: AbstractAlthough the effects of abiotic factors on species distributions and habitat selection have been widely investigated, studies have rarely succeeded at identifying the factors behind selection at the microhabitat level. Spider webs are extended phenotypes expected to be subject to fitness trade-offs. We tested the hypothesis that spiders with three-dimensional webs (tangle and sheet-and-tangle), which require more material to be built than two-dimensional orbicular webs, occupy microhabitats where they are better protected from strong rains. We show that tangle and sheet-and-tangle webs were indeed significantly more likely to be under immediate cover than expected by chance and than orb webs. Tangle webs occurred closest to the cover and were largely protected, whereas sheet-and-tangle webs, likely due to their larger size and mostly horizontal position, tended to be more exposed. Sheet-and-tangle webs, however, occurred more often against tree trunks, where we show rain to be less intense. We further show that the proportion of 3D webs under immediate cover increased with annual precipitation along a dry to wet gradient in western Ecuador, an effect absent for 2D webs. The latter finding suggests that, in addition to using leaves for structural support, spiders with 3D webs seek microhabitat locations to shelter themselves from strong rains. Our findings illustrate how microhabitat selection may allow organisms to cope with abiotic factors at broader geographical scales, thus influencing organismal fitness and community structure.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/bufsah
title: Adapting a propane turkey fryer to manipulate temperature in aquatic environments - Thermal manipulation datasets

description: AbstractThere is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of altered thermal regimes on biodiversity and ecosystem function as mean temperatures, and the likelihood of extreme temperatures, continue to increase. One valuable approach to identify mechanisms and pathways of thermally-driven change at the community level is through the manipulation of temperature in the field. However, where methods exist, they are often costly or unable to produce ecologically relevant changes in temperature. Here, we present a low cost, easily assembled, and readily customizable thermal manipulation system for tide pools or other small bodies of water – the Seaside Array for Understanding Thermal Effects (SAUTE) – and demonstrate its ability to effectively alter the temperature in tide pools. During our three-hour heating manipulation, heated pools reached temperatures 4°C warmer than unmanipulated pools. During the cooling manipulation, cooled pools remained on average 1.8°C cooler than control pools. The novel SAUTE system can be used to alter the temperature of tide pools in situ. Further, it could be modified to heat other environments such as freshwater vernal pools and settlement tiles in a realistic and meaningful manner, serving as a useful tool to test questions surrounding the relationship between climate warming, thermal variability, and ecological processes in natural aquatic communities.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/mk2yym
title: Ant predation towards termite and treehopper baits in the Ecuadorian Amazon

description: AbstractAnimals may develop mutualistic associations with other species, whereby prey offer resources or services in exchange for protection from predators. Alternatively, prey may offer resources or services directly to their would-be predators in exchange for their lives. The latter may be the case of hemipterans that engage in mutualistic interactions with ants by offering a honeydew reward. We test the extent to which a honeydew offering vs. partner recognition may play a role as proximate mechanisms deterring ants from predating upon their hemipteran partners. We show that, when presented with a choice between a hemipteran partner and an alternative prey type, mutualist ants were less likely to attack and more likely to remain probing their hemipteran partners. This occurred even in the absence of an immediate sugary reward, suggesting either an evolved or learned partner recognition response. To a similar extent, however, ants were also less likely to attack the alternative prey type when laced with honey, even after the honey had been depleted, suggesting an ability of ants to recognize new potential sources of honey. Either possibility suggests a degree of innate or learned partner recognition.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/913a8l
title: GARD 1.5 range shapefiles used in: Global diversity patterns are explained by diversification rates at ancient, not shallow, timescales

description: AbstractExplaining global species richness patterns is a “Holy Grail” of ecology and evolution. These richness patterns are often attributed to spatial variation in diversification rates (speciation minus extinction). Surprisingly, prominent studies of birds, fish, and angiosperms reported higher diversification rates at higher latitudes (mismatched with richness). Yet these studies only examined diversification rates at relatively recent timescales. Here, we quantify global richness patterns among lizard and snake species (10,213; 94%) and explore their underlying causes. We found that diversification rates at more recent timescales in squamates also show mismatched patterns of rates and richness. However, diversification rates at deeper timescales were positively related to richness. These observations may help resolve the paradoxical results of previous studies. Remarkably, these diversification patterns are largely unrelated to climate. Instead, higher tropical richness is related to ancient occupation of tropical regions. Thus, these large-scale diversity patterns are only understood by considering climate, deep-time diversification rates, and the time spent in different regions.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/nrvyyg
title: Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals an independent genetic basis for joint divergence in leaf function, life-history, and floral traits between scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) populations

description: AbstractPREMISE Across taxa, vegetative and floral traits that vary along a fast-slow life-history axis are often correlated with leaf functional traits arrayed along the leaf economics spectrum, suggesting a constrained set of adaptive trait combinations. Such broad-scale convergence may arise from genetic constraints imposed by pleiotropy (or tight linkage) within species, or from natural selection alone. Understanding the genetic basis of trait syndromes and their components is key to distinguishing these alternatives and predicting evolution in novel environments. METHODS We used a line-cross approach and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to characterize the genetic basis of twenty leaf functional/physiological, life history, and floral traits in hybrids between annualized and perennial populations of scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis). RESULTS We mapped both single and multi-trait QTLs for life history, leaf function and reproductive traits, but found no evidence of genetic co-ordination across categories. A major QTL for three leaf functional traits (thickness, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal resistance) suggests that a simple shift in leaf anatomy may be key to adaptation to seasonally dry habitats. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the co-ordination of resource-acquisitive leaf physiological traits with a fast life history and more selfing mating system results from environmental selection rather than functional or genetic constraint. Independent assortment of distinct trait modules, as well as a simple genetic basis to leaf physiological traits associated with drought escape, may facilitate adaptation to changing climates.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/uycnex
title: Haploid, diploid, and pooled exome capture recapitulate features of biology and paralogy in two non-model tree species

description: AbstractDespite their suitability for studying evolution, many conifer species have large and repetitive giga-genomes (16-31Gbp) that create hurdles to producing high coverage SNP datasets that capture diversity from across the entirety of the genome. Due in part to multiple ancient whole genome duplication events, gene family expansion and subsequent evolution within Pinaceae, false diversity from the misalignment of paralog copies creates further challenges in accurately and reproducibly inferring evolutionary history from sequence data. Here, we leverage the cost-saving benefits of pool-seq and exome-capture to discover SNPs in two conifer species, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Pinaceae) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinaceae). We show, using minimal baseline filtering, that allele frequencies estimated from pooled individuals show a strong positive correlation with those estimated by sequencing the same population as individuals (r &gt; 0.948), on par with such comparisons made in model organisms. Further, we highlight the utility of haploid megagametophyte tissue for identifying sites that are likely due to misaligned paralogs. Together with additional minor filtering, we show that it is possible to remove many of the loci with large frequency estimate discrepancies between individual and pooled sequencing approaches, improving the correlation further (r &gt; 0.973). Our work addresses bioinformatic challenges in non-model organisms with large and complex genomes, highlights the use of megagametophyte tissue for the identification of paralog sites, and suggests the combination of pool-seq and exome capture to be robust for further evolutionary hypothesis testing in these systems.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/fmy8g2
title: Methodological approach to generate reflection and reflective notes

description: AbstractThe objective of this data note is twofold: 1) to illustrate the methodological approach used to generate guided reflections at undergraduate level aided by a patient-based vignette portraying an individual with a history of substance use and mental health disorders; 2) to provide a summary of the raw data set in the form brief educational reflections submitted anonymously by undergraduate dental and dental hygiene students. These reflections were used in our recent publication titled ‘The role of an educational vignette to teach dental students on issues of substance use and mental health disorders at the University of British Columbia: An exploratory Qualitative study. By offering the reader with a road map to generate such reflections, and a summary of the reflections themselves, we hope to engage other dental schools in planning their educational teaching activities on issues pertaining to mental health and substance use for dental and dental hygiene students as we have advocated over the years.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/qsnqxm
title: Data from: Life history variation in an invasive plant is associated with climate and recent colonization of a specialist herbivore

description: AbstractPremise: Spatial variation in selective pressures can lead to intraspecific variation in life history, favoring some life histories and constraining others depending on the vulnerability of life stages. We examined how spatial variation in herbivory and climate influences flowering size and the occurrence of semelparity (reproducing once) versus iteroparity (reproducing multiple times) in the introduced range of an invasive plant, houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale). Houndstongue is a short-lived semelparous perennial in its native range. In its introduced range, we previously documented increased rates of iteroparity and a higher median threshold flowering size compared to the native range. We hypothesized that the recent introduction of a specialist biocontrol insect (a root-boring weevil, Mogulones crucifer) would decrease threshold flowering size, and reduce the proportion of iteroparous plants, because M. crucifer preferentially attacks large individuals and may reduce overwinter survival. Methods: We surveyed 24 sites across the northwestern United States to quantify the frequency of semelparity versus iteroparity and to estimate weevil abundance, and used demographic data collected from six sites to estimate median threshold flowering size. Key Results: We found that sites with greater winter precipitation and no weevils had a greater proportion of iteroparous plants. Sites with higher weevil attack had a lower median threshold flowering size. Conclusions: The variation in frequency of flowering and threshold flowering size that we documented in North American houndstongue populations and the relationships between this variation and herbivory and climate provide evidence for how selective pressures covary with the life histories of invasive plants.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/k2ocwo
title: Analysis Data for "Identifying and characterizing pesticide use on 9,000 fields of organic agriculture"

description: AbstractWe identify the location of ~9,000 organic fields from 2013 — 2019 using field-level crop and pesticide use data, along with state certification data, for Kern County, CA, one of the US’ most valuable crop producing counties. We parse apart how being organic relative to conventional affects decisions to spray pesticides and, if spraying, how much to spray. We show the expected probability of spraying any pesticides is reduced by about 30 percentage points for organic relative to conventional fields, across different metrics of pesticide use including overall weight applied and coarse ecotoxicity metrics. We report little difference, on average, in pesticide use for organic and conventional fields that do spray, though observe substantial crop-specific heterogeneity.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/8isupz
title: Predation shapes behavioral lateralization: insights from an adaptive radiation of livebearing fish

description: AbstractHemispheric brain lateralization can drive the expression of behavioral asymmetry, or laterality, which varies notably both within and among species. To explain these left–right behavioral asymmetries in animals, predator-mediated selection is often invoked. Recent studies have revealed that a relatively high degree of lateralization correlates positively with traits known to confer survival benefits against predators, including escape performance, multitasking abilities, and group coordination. Yet, we still know comparatively little about 1) how consistently predators shape behavioral lateralization, 2) the importance of sex-specific variation, and 3) the degree to which behavioral lateralization is heritable. Here, we take advantage of the model system of the radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) and measure behavioral lateralization in hundreds of wild fish originating from multiple blue holes that differ in natural predation pressure. Moreover, we estimated the heritability of this trait using laboratory-born fish from one focal population. We found that the degree of lateralization but not the particular direction of lateralization (left or right) differed significantly across high and low predation risk environments. Fish originating from high-predation environments were more strongly lateralized, especially females. We further confirmed a genetic basis to behavioral lateralization in this species, with significant additive genetic variation in the population examined. Our results reveal that predation risk represents one key ecological factor that has likely shaped the origin and maintenance of this widespread behavioral phenomenon, even potentially explaining some of the sex-specific patterns of laterality recently described in some animals.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/znkskg
title: Replication Data for: food insecurity study

description: Food and nutrition study
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/anv0zx
title: The Cancer in Young People in Canada Program

description: The Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYP-C) surveillance program collects in-depth data concerning risk factors, health outcomes, quality and accessibility of care, and late effects among children and youth with cancer. CYP-C represents a collaboration involving the C17 Council, Canadian Partnerships Against Cancer (CPAC), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), provincial and territorial cancer registries, Statistics Canada and non-governmental organizations. Available for immediate download is the CYP-C surveillance report (version 1, 2017), which provides descriptive results for children diagnosed from 2001-2006. For information about how to apply for access to patient or aggregate level data, for use in your research project, please visit: http://www.c17.ca/index.php?cID=70
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/1obyzg
title: Journal Materials in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea

description: Materials in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea. Archaeology, History, Numismatics, Sigillography and Epigraphy (abridged as Materials in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea, MAIASK) is an international peer-reviewed academic journal covering topical issues of archaeology, history, numismatics, sigillography and epigraphy of Crimea and as well as adjacent territories. Published by the Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), Institute of history and political sciences of the Tyumen State University (Tyumen, Russia) and Nizhnevartovsk State University (Nizhnevartovsk, Russia) since 2008. Its ISSN 2219-8857. Journal website address http://en.maiask.ru MAIASK is annual publication. The journal publishes articles in Russian and English. All papers are supplemented by abstracts in English and Russian languages.
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/vshyaa
title: FMD Animal Disease Spread Simulation Parameters MetaOntology

description: Meta-ontology for the parameters in Animal Disease Spread simulations and for domain knowledge of FMD
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/nddlog
title: 2008-09 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2008-09
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/ajijxf
title: 2009-10 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2009-10
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/hdlzui
title: 2010-11 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2010-11
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/w7kpmt
title: 2011-12 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2011-12
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/s6tr8s
title: 2012-13 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2012-13
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/aazdtd
title: 2013-14 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2013-14
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/6ra3gi
title: 2014-15 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2014-15
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/w0a7oy
title: 2007-08 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2007-08
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/qlnbsg
title: 2016-17 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL annual statistics for 2016-17
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/tipezt
title: 2015-16 AFMC NoL Statistics

description: Compiled AFMC NoL statistics for 2015-16
DOI: 10.5683/sp2/1xrf9u
title: ReFlex Grasp Demonstrations

description: Forty thousand human demonstrations of successful grasps of a variety of objects using the RightHand Robotics ReFlex gripper, including six-degree-of-freedom gripper trajectories, and RGB and depth images from two cameras.