cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0036
title: Behaviour of phase change material during discharge stage in a thermal energy storage system: an experimental and numerical study.

description: In this work, an investigation of the discharge stage of Phase Change Material (PCM) based Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system is carried out. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique is used for velocity measurement during the PCM solidification process and various real-time characteristics (flow, interface, mushy zone) are captured using High-Speed Imaging technique. Thermal stratification phenomenon led by gravity-driven convective cells is observed and analyzed. An interesting phenomenon of the detachment of dendrite particles from the developing mushy zone is also observed. The detached dendritic particles provide many nucleation sites for the initiation of the solidification in the domain. A numerical simulation is also performed using a one-domain continuum formulation based on finite volume method with an in-house developed code. The numerical prediction of the flow field and the solidified PCM thickness are compared with the related experimental measurements.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0043
title: Characterization of PCM, standardization in the frame of the IEA ECES Annex 33 and SHC Task 58.

description: This contribution will give an introduction in into the DSC procedure developed within the IEA ECES Annexes 24 and 29 as well as SHC Task 42. Additionally results are presented on work which has been carried out to develop procedures for the measurement of PCM´s thermal conductivity and viscosity. This development started within Annex 29 and SHC Task 42 and will be continued in the following up ECES Annex 33 and SHC Task 58. As thermal stability of PCM is also an important issue to bring these materials into applications a new aim will be to develop guidelines for test procedures to determining it. So the objective of this work is to establish measurement procedures and guidelines for the characterization and test of PCMs that will make it possible to compare data obtained by different institution and to asses it on a defined basis.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0052
title: Preparation and properties of paraffin / tailing ceramic composite phase change energy storage materials.

description: Tailing/paraffin composite phase change energy storage material (CPCM) is fabricated by spontaneous melt infiltration where industrial waste-iron tailing is used as raw material to prepare porous carrier with a foamgel casting method. By adjusting parameters of the sintering and infiltration processes, optimal CPCM properties are obtained with paraffin content of 71~89%, thermal energy storage density of 118 J/g, thermal conductivity of 0.251~0.424 W/(m·K). The measured thermal conductivity is in good agreement with results
predicted from a universal model. The phase composition, microstructure and chemical stability are characterized by XRD, SEM and DSC. The results demonstrate that paraffin is effective in filling the void of porous materials without reacting with tailing in infiltration.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272147
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 40, Oct 18, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 40, Oct 18, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272156
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 41, Oct 19, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 41, Oct 19, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272165
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 42, Oct 20, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 42, Oct 20, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272174
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 43, Oct 23, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 43, Oct 23, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272183
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 44, Oct 24, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 44, Oct 24, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272196
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 36, Oct 12, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 36, Oct 12, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272213
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 39, Oct 17, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 39, Oct 17, 2017.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/1ysi6u/bf7aw8
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/4dcgt1/ofn9oh
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/b1cfiq/u4vcqy
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/bl9uq1/9dlsy4
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/dqmlsi/h9o972
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/qerfnv/um94bk
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0004
title: High power thermal energy storage research at Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts.

description: Latent heat storage with phase change materials is a promising technique to store thermal energy. The high latent heat of these materials and their near-steady charging/discharging temperature offers a unique energy density compared to conventional sensible-only heat storage and allows for more compact and efficient systems. However, the low heat transfer rate inherent to such storage units, presents a significant barrier for their widespread application in processes which require fast-response, high-thermal-power outputs and steady operational conditions. This papers presents the current activities of the TES group on the topic of the development and modeling of novel high-power latent heat storage technologies.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0007
title: Numerical investigation of a novel phase-change renewable energy system for underground mine heating and cooling.

description: This study analyzes the performance of spray freezing, a novel renewable technology, to supplement the heating and cooling load of underground mines. This opportunistic technology provides a cost-effective way to utilize the sub-arctic conditions of Northern Canada for meeting the heating needs. The current study employs a Multiphysics, multi-scale approach to model the phenomena of spray freezing. The discrete phase computational fluid dynamics model developed, can reproduce both the local effects of droplet freezing and water evaporation along with the global energy balance of the whole system with the aim of maximizing the heat transfer to the cold air. The model is validated with published experimental data and further extended to evaluate the effect of different operational (air flow rate, inlet air temperature) of the system. Preliminary results indicate that air flow rate and temperature of water impacts the mixing which consequently influences the ice formation along with the outlet temperature of the air.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0019
title: Concept and performance of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry as a phase change storage medium.

description: In Canada, there is often enough solar energy to meet building heating demand in the winter months. However, solar availability and heating loads generally do not coincide, requiring innovative ways to store and later retrieve captured solar energy. A new concept utilizing a glycol-water-ice tank (fluid temperature &lt; 0°C) to store the energy collected from solar thermal collectors, and an ice slurry heat pump to extract the energy from the tank for building heating was developed and tested. Advantages of this concept include higher energy storage densities, and improved collector efficiencies. The recovered solar energy was measured during a heating season in Montreal, Canada, showing that about 60% of the available solar energy is recovered in the coldest winter months. The instantaneous coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.98 was measured for a space heating strategy. This concept has the potential to significantly decrease greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0024
title: Model-based prediction and experimental verification of eutectic PCM.

description: In certain application-relevant temperature ranges, there is a lack of cost-effective phase change materials (PCM). Eutectic mixtures of salt hydrates (or salt hydrates and anhydrous salt(s)) could fill the existing temperature gaps. In this work, a new method consisting of model-based prediction and subsequent experimental verification is introduced and validated. A self-programmed phase diagram prediction software on the basis of the modified BET model was validated on the existing phase diagram of the system Mg(NO3)2+LiNO3+H2O. A satisfying agreement for the composition and temperature of pseudo-binary and ternary eutectics was determined. For the experimental determination of the correct eutectic composition, a eutectic device was constructed which allows to obtain a eutectic melt. The eutectic device was validated with the known eutectic between Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and NH4NO3. After the successful validation of the phase diagram prediction software and the eutectic device, new eutectic PCM can be developed with the method.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0025
title: Investigation of heat transfer and rheology of a phase change material emulsion with a high concentration in surfactant.

description: The thermohydraulic characteristics of a secondary refrigerant consisting of a phase change material emulsion (PCME) were investigated. This PCME is a paraffin-in-water emulsion containing 30 wt.% of paraffin and a relatively high concentration of surfactant (5 wt.%). A fully instrumented 1 m long rectangular channel was used to conduct heat transfer experiments. Heat transfer coefficients during cooling inside the rectangular channel were determined. Furthermore, a specific test rig was used to perform experiments on the rheological behavior. Tests were carried out using a pipe viscosimeter at different temperatures for laminar flow. The stability of the emulsion was examined under thermal-mechanical loads. The experiments revealed a shear thinning behavior. Phase change of the PCM droplets was confirmed for high Reynolds number, while for low Reynolds number, the phase change remains uncertain. In addition, results showed a large supercooling degree and a very good stability but viscosity was found to be quite high.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0031
title: Supercooling stability of sodium acetate trihydrate composites in multiple heat storage units.

description: Keeping sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) in supercooled state can be utilized to store heat loss free over long periods. The main risk with this technology is that the SAT may crystalize spontaneously and release the stored heat before desired. A test rig with 10 marketed heat storage units with water and 35 kg sodium acetate trihydrate composite was built and multiple heating and cooling cycles were carried out with the units. It was monitored if the sodium acetate trihydrate remained supercooled in the 3 days storage period or if the solidification started spontaneously. The units were charged with an inlet temperature of 87°C, and then discharged with inlet temperatures of 14°C, 22°C, 28°C or 35°C. Spontaneous solidifications occurred more frequently during discharge in the test cycles with lower discharge temperatures compared to higher inlet temperatures.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0047
title: Generation, crystal fraction and viscosity of K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS.

description: The salt hydrate K2HPO4·6H2O has a melting temperature of around 14 °C, a melting enthalpy of 177 J g-1, and shows inhibited crystal growth. Due to these properties, K2HPO4·6H2O is a candidate as a phase change slurry (PCS). In this work, it is demonstrated, that the crystal fraction of K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS can be determined by using a turbidity sensor. Generation of K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS is possible by using the hydroscraped slurry generator method. However, with the used test setup, the limit of the crystal fraction was around 14 wt% due to clogging in the heat exchanger. Due to the formation of K2HPO4·3H2O in K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS, it was not possible to determine the viscosity of K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS. Therefore, the viscosity of K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS* with a slightly higher water content than K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS was determined. It was found, that up to about 16 wt% crystal fraction, the viscosity of K2HPO4·6H2O-PCS* increased to 1.7 relative to the purely liquid phase.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0050
title: Investigation of compatibility of organic and inorganic PCMs with the materials of containers.

description: Phase change materials (PCMs) are latent heat storage media that are still under development for various building applications. Because the PCMs store/release heat during the melting/solidification process they must be hermetically sealed in a proper container without the risk of leakage or loss of required mechanical properties. The compatibility of the PCMs with the material of the container is a very important issue in the lifespan of heat storage systems and their safety. In the experiments reported in the paper, the compatibility of two organic-based PCMs and two inorganic-based PCMs with three plastics was tested. All samples were subjected to periodical heating and cooling in a small environmental chamber. This contribution contains results from the long-term observation and evaluation of interaction of selected PCMs and materials of container immersed in the PCMs.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.pcm.2018.0051
title: Porous media for advanced hybrid thermal energy storages.

description: It is well-known that the use of the latent heat absorption phenomenon associated with the melting process of a suitable Phase Change Material (PCM) can be considered an effective way to improve energy storage capabilities in many applications. Among PCMs, paraffin waxes show some desirable features. Unfortunately, they have also two main limitations, a low thermal conductivity and a high volume change during the melting process, that limit their potential applications as PCMs. This work investigates the use of different aluminum porous materials, either stochastic or periodic, as heat transfer medium to mitigate and/or eliminate the two main drawbacks of the paraffin waxes and to improve their overall heat transfer capabilities. In particular, the effects of six open-cell aluminum foams and of a 3-D periodic aluminum structure were experimentally investigated during the phase change process with melting temperatures of 40 °C in a hybrid water thermal storage unit.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272234
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 37, Oct 13, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 37, Oct 13, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272243
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 48, Oct 30, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 48, Oct 30, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272252
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 45, Oct 25, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 45, Oct 25, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272261
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 47, Oct 27, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 47, Oct 27, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272270
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 50, Nov 01, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 50, Nov 01, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272279
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 51, Nov 02, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 51, Nov 02, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272288
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 53, Nov 06, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 53, Nov 06, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272297
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 54, Nov 07, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 54, Nov 07, 2017.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/6gyrl8/6jixqu
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ddgg03/s1jrli
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/owvozf/f8bnlk
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/t7wead/wzhpyf
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wnyicb/e1al0z
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wrqsfd/s51hg1
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272310
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 46, Oct 26, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 46, Oct 26, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272327
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 49, Oct 31, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 49, Oct 31, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272348
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 52, Nov 03, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 52, Nov 03, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272509
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 57, Nov 10, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 57, Nov 10, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272518
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 58, Nov 13, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 58, Nov 13, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272531
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 55, Nov 08, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 55, Nov 08, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272544
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 59, Nov 14, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 59, Nov 14, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272557
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 56, Nov 09, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 56, Nov 09, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272570
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 60, Nov 15, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 60, Nov 15, 2017.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/2ed5eu/jgl73e
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/3qshdt/bufchf
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/let5jx/exbro2
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/rtomjn/qyhidn
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/sl8enn/y50neo
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ymlvyk/lbloa1
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.17632/3d4ybmyxbd.1
title: Data for: Bioremediation: Data on Biologically-Mediated Remediation of Crude Oil (Escravos Light) Polluted Soil using Aspergillus niger

description: Bioremediation: Data on Biologically-Mediated Remediation of Crude Oil (Escravos Light) Polluted Soil using Aspergillus niger as the bioremediation innoculants.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272583
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 63, Nov 20, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 63, Nov 20, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272596
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 64, Nov 21, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 64, Nov 21, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272613
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 62, Nov 17, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 62, Nov 17, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-272634
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 61, Nov 16, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 61, Nov 16, 2017.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/5lpfjq/7psmnc
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/blcnnk/fatnl9
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ersd34/kaegft
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ix7ghm/umdvb5
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/kgrexj/kvrz6u
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/pgi0aq/okp7lr
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/puiso4/lqa6jr
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/uj4rfu/evfjrv
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/umzkte/h0qa0i
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wo6lhr/zfowxi
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wya1yz/zqxdem
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-275985
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 5, Jan 17, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 5, Jan 17, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276006
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 01, Jan 09, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 01, Jan 09, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276019
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 66, Nov 29, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 66, Nov 29, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276032
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 3, Jan 11, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 3, Jan 11, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276045
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 65, Nov 28, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 65, Nov 28, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276054
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 2, Jan 10, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 2, Jan 10, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276063
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 4, Jan 12, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 4, Jan 12, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276076
title: Daily  Trojan, vol. 193, no. 6, Jan 18, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 6, Jan 18, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276093
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 67, Nov 30, 2017

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 192, no. 67, Nov 30, 2017.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276102
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 7, Jan 19, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 7, Jan 19, 2018.
DOI: 10.7298/x4571961
title: Data from: Exacerbation of the 2013–2016 Pan-Caribbean Drought by Anthropogenic Warming
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/6mwtvx/mbfcau
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/bxoz1p/i1pc2x
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/c2hp4a/q8gfdt
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/camk5i/o52fe9
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/gndbnz/djsxvg
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/gusuj9/1t5lar
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/hik6oo/xbd2gx
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/m7p0z2/dn6bvi
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/of4xns/pe6buh
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/qhm6lc/r0iawu
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v0vcq5/rewwhy
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmbkns/tyhsjq
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/xhmk5x/advkoy
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/xrsil2/qonuh3
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/yivfag/y2j0du
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/yy2kq2/qkmp31
title: petitions.xlsx
DOI: 10.17632/brxny92pd2.1
title: Data for: A generic multi-level framework for microscopic traffic simulation—theory and an example case in modelling driver distraction

description: This is no data, but the matlab code (and it's not that much) with which all experiments in the paper have been conducted. Insofar possible, it is reasonably well annotated. Feel free to use in whatever way you want (replay some of the experiments, try new things, etc) for research and educational purposes. If you see a way to make money with it let me know (I could use a PhD working on the subject ;-)
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276112
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 13, Jan 29, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 13, Jan 29, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276125
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 8, Jan 22, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 8, Jan 22, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276134
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 15, Jan 31, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 15, Jan 31, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276147
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 16, Feb 01, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 16, Feb 01, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276156
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 12, Jan 26, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 12, Jan 26, 2018.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-276169
title: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 9, Jan 23, 2018

description: Daily Trojan, vol. 193, no. 9, Jan 23, 2018.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1422836
title: Comparative Independent Fiscal Institutions Dataset

description: The <strong>Comparative Independent Fiscal Institution Dataset (CifiD)</strong> provides information about the legal provisions that constitute the <strong>monitoring scope, powers and institutional design</strong> of <strong>41 Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs) in 38 countries</strong> including most EU member states. The dataset covers legislative changes to these institutions until 2018.

Furthermore, based on the coding <strong>new indices on the political independence and the level of expertise</strong> of these fiscal monitoring bodies were developed, allowing researchers to investigate the roots and effectiveness of fiscal monitoring and its effects on the fiscal performance of national governments more thoroughly.

<strong>Institutional properties</strong>

The CifiD contains 42 items that refer to the institutional properties of fiscal monitoring bodies as they are defined in legislation, classified along the following dimensions:


	Institutional model, monitoring and intervention powers
	IFI design: statutory rules, operations, leadership, composition, term rules, knowledge, transparency


Two main indices were calculated and are part of the dataset:


	Formal independence from political interference
	Level of expertise