DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p25f8
title: Data from: Combined genetic and telemetry data reveal high rates of gene flow, migration, and long-distance dispersal potential in Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida)

description: Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are broadly distributed in seasonally ice
 covered seas, and their survival and reproductive success is intricately
 linked to sea ice and snow. Climatic warming is diminishing Arctic snow
 and sea ice and threatens to endanger ringed seals in the foreseeable
 future. We investigated the population structure and connectedness within
 and among three subspecies: Arctic (P. hispida hispida), Baltic (P.
 hispida botnica), and Lake Saimaa (P. hispida saimensis) ringed seals to
 assess their capacity to respond to rapid environmental changes. We
 consider (a) the geographical scale of migration, (b) use of sea ice, and
 (c) the amount of gene flow between subspecies. Seasonal movements and use
 of sea ice were determined for 27 seals tracked via satellite telemetry.
 Additionally, population genetic analyses were conducted using 354 seals
 representative of each subspecies and 11 breeding sites. Genetic analyses
 included sequences from two mitochondrial regions and genotypes of 9
 microsatellite loci. We found that ringed seals disperse on a pan-Arctic
 scale and both males and females may migrate long distances during the
 summer months when sea ice extent is minimal. Gene flow among Arctic
 breeding sites and between the Arctic and the Baltic Sea subspecies was
 high; these two subspecies are interconnected as are breeding sites within
 the Arctic subspecies.
description: Pusa hispida
 Microsatellite GenotypesMicrosatellite genotypes
 in the data input format of the program GenAlEx. The data are codominant
 genotypic microsatellite data, with loci scored as fragment size. There
 are 9 microsatellite loci, and 354 individuals sampled from 11 breeding
 sites. For a map showing the geographic locations of the breeding sites
 (i.e., sample sites) see Figure 2A in our publication ``Combined Genetic
 and Telemetry Data Reveal High Rates of Gene Flow, Migration, and
 Long-Distance Dispersal Potential in Arctic Ringed Seals (Pusa
 hispida)''.Pusa_hispida_microsatellite_genotypes.xlsxPusa hispida mtDNA COI (bps 92-450)Sequences of the mtDNA Cytochrome oxidase I region (COI) from 113 individuals from 8 breeding sites. Uncertainty in sequence accuracy occurred at the ends of each sequence; thus, we used a 359 base pair (bp) subset (bps 92-450) of the COI region. The breeding site (i.e., sample site) associated with each sequence is in the ReadMe file. A map of the sample sites can be found in Figure 2A of our publication ``Combined Genetic and Telemetry Data Reveal High Rates of Gene Flow, Migration, and Long-Distance Dispersal Potential in Arctic Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida)''.Pusa_hispida_mtDNA_COI_bp92_450_113individuals.fastaPusa hispida mtDNA Control Region (bps 90-565)Sequences from the mtDNA control region (CR). 99 individuals were sequenced. The ReadMe file contains the breeding site (i.e., sample site) of each individual. Uncertainty in sequence accuracy occurred at the ends of each sequence; therefore, we used a 476 bp subset (bps 90–565) of CR. A map of the sample sites can be found in Figure 2A of our publication ``Combined Genetic and Telemetry Data Reveal High Rates of Gene Flow, Migration, and Long-Distance Dispersal Potential in Arctic Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida)''.Pusa_hispida_mtDNA_Control_Region_bp90_565_99individuals.fasta