DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m37pvmd87
title: Considering decoupled phenotypic diversification between ontogenetic phases in macroevolution: An example using Triggerfishes (Balistidae)

description: Across the Tree of Life, most studies of phenotypic disparity and
 diversification have been restricted to adult organisms. However, many
 lineages have distinct ontogenetic phases that differ from their adult
 forms in morphology and ecology. Focusing disproportionately on the
 evolution of adult forms unnecessarily hinders our understanding of the
 pressures shaping evolution over time. Non-adult disparity patterns are
 particularly important to consider for coastal ray-finned fishes, which
 often have juvenile phases with distinct phenotypes. These juvenile forms
 are often associated with sheltered nursery environments, with phenotypic
 shifts between adults and juvenile stages that are readily apparent in
 locomotor morphology. Whether this ontogenetic variation in locomotor
 morphology reflects a decoupling of diversification dynamics between life
 stages remains unknown. Here we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of
 locomotor morphology between adult and juvenile triggerfishes. We
 integrate a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework with geometric
 morphometric approaches and measurement data of fin aspect ratio and
 incidence and reveal a mismatch between morphospace occupancy, the
 evolution of morphological disparity, and the tempo of trait evolution
 between life stages. Collectively, our results illuminate how the
 heterogeneity of morpho-functional adaptations can decouple the mode and
 tempo of morphological diversification between ontogenetic stages.
description: Collection of images for morphometric analyses: A
 total of 724 images of triggerfishes (juvenile and adult fishes) were
 taken from online repositories and digitized specimens from different
 museums (North Carolina Museum of Natural Science, Burke Museum, Bishop
 Museum, Philadelphia Academy of Science, LA County Museum, Yale Peabody
 Museum, Filed Museum and Museum of Comparative Zoology). 
 Phylogenetic hypotheses were produced by using available DNA
 sequence data. The dataset included DNA sequence data from 11 genes (12S,
 16S, RAG1, RAG2, rhod, Tmo-4c4, Bmp4, COI, CytB, Glyt, MYH6,
 RAG2). Locations of specimens examined
 (images) and GenBank accession numbers are provided in Table S1 and Table
 S3 from the supplementary materials.
description: # Considering decoupled phenotypic diversification between ontogenetic
 phases in macroevolution: An example using Triggerfishes (Balistidae)
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m37pvmd87](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m37pvmd87) Here, you will find the Supplementary materials of our MS entitled : "Considering ontogenetic phases of diversification in macroevolution: An example using Triggerfishes (Balistidae)". We have submitted the supplementary file (Dornburgetal_supplemental_Materials.docx), molecular alignments (All_sequencedata.nex), and phylogenetic time-tree (Final_Inform_partitioned.tre), and trait data (Triggerfish_trait.xlsx). ## **Descriptions** ##### Dornburgetal\_supplemental\_Materials.docx The file includes the six additional tables (Table S1-S6), the three additional figures (Figure S1-S3) and an associated list of references. ##### All\_sequencedata.nex The file contains molecular alignments. ##### Final\_Inform\_partinioned.tre This file contains the time-calibrated phylogeny as a nexus file. ##### Triggerfish\_trait.xlsx This Excel file is made of three sheets where we provide ecological and morphological data for the 32 studied triggerfish species. Data include mean values as well as categories for the juvenile and adult stages of the studied triggerfishes. The first sheet includes the data for adult specimens. The second sheet is devoted to juveniles, only. The third sheet provides geometric morphometric data when both juveniles and adult are included in the shape analyses. Hereafter, all the variables are described. Unavailable data are referred as NA. *Sheet one - Adult stage* * Species : currently valid scientific name. * Habitat_Adult : Habitat occupancy for adults. This trait was partitioned into three groups. * Buffered : mangroves, lagoons, and other structurally complex 3D matrices that buffer against pulses of high water flow. * Open : open habitats such as surge zones, outer reefs, or the off-shore pelagic realm. * Mixed : both buffered and high flow regime habitats. * MAX_TL_cm : Maximum total length of the fish (cm). * Adult_Dorsal_aspect_ratio : Aspect ratio of the dorsal fin in adults (mean value). * Adult_anal_aspect_ratio : Aspect ratio of the anal fin in adults (mean value). * Adult_dorsal_incidence_angle : Incidence angle of the dorsal fin in adults (mean value). * Adult_anal_incidence_angle : Incidence angle of the anal fin in adults (mean value). * Adult_Body_RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of body shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_Body_RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of body shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_Body_RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of body shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_Dfin_RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_Dfin_RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_Dfin_RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_AfinRW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_AfinRW2 : Scores along second axis (PC2) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult_AfinRW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when only adult specimens are included in the analysis. *Sheet two - Juvenile stage* * Species : currently valid scientific name. * Habitat_Juvenile : Habitat occupancy for juveniles. This trait was partitioned into three groups. * Buffered : mangroves, lagoons, and other structurally complex 3D matrices that buffer against pulses of high water flow. * Open : open habitats such as surge zones, outer reefs, or the off-shore pelagic realm. * Mixed : both buffered and high flow regime habitats. * Juvi_Dorsal_aspect_ratio : Aspect ratio of the dorsal fin in juveniles (mean value). * Juvi_anal_aspect_ratio : Aspect ratio of the anal fin in juveniles (mean value). * Juvi_dorsal_incidence_angle : Incidence angle of the dorsal fin in juveniles (mean value). * Juvi_anal_incidence_angle : Incidence angle of the anal fin in juveniles (mean value). * Juvi_Body_RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of body shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_Body_RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of body shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_Body_RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of body shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_Dfin_RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_Dfin_RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_Dfin_RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_AfinRW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_AfinRW2 : Scores along second axis (PC2) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi_AfinRW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when only juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. *Sheet three - Juvenile and adult stages combined in the same shape analyses* * Species : currently valid scientific name. * Habitat_Adult : Habitat occupancy for adults. This trait was partitioned into three groups (see descriptions above). * Habitat_Juvenile : Habitat occupancy for juveniles. This trait was partitioned into three groups (see descriptions above). * Adult A+J Body RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of body shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Body RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of body shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile speciemens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Body RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of body shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Dorsal RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Dorsal RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Dorsal RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Anal RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Anal RW2 : Scores along second axis (PC2) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Adult A+J Anal RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi A+J Body RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of body shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juvi A+J Body RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of body shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile speciemens are included in the analysis. * Juvi A+J Body RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of body shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juv A+J Dorsal RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juv A+J Dorsal RW2 : Scores along the second axis (PC2) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juv A+J Dorsal RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of dorsal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juv A+J Anal RW1 : Scores along the first axis (PC1) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juv A+J Anal RW2 : Scores along second axis (PC2) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis. * Juv A+J Anal RW3 : Scores along the third axis (PC3) of anal fin shape space (mean value), when both adult and juvenile specimens are included in the analysis.