cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816109
title: Diversity of insects under the effect of Bt maize and insecticides

description: ABSTRACT: The genetically modified maize to control some caterpillars has been widely used in Brazil. The effect of Bt maize and insecticides was evaluated on the diversity of insects (species richness and abundance), based on the insect community, functional groups and species. This study was conducted in genetically modified maize MON810, which expresses the Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and conventional maize with and without insecticide sprays (lufenuron and lambda-cyhalothrin) under field conditions in Ponta Grossa (Paraná state, Brazil). Insect samplings were performed by using pitfall trap, water tray trap and yellow sticky card. A total of 253,454 insects were collected, distributed among nine orders, 82 families and 241 species. No differences were observed in the insect community based on the richness, diversity and evenness indices. Predators and pollinators were more abundant in genetically modified maize. Parasitoids, detritivores, sap-sucking herbivores and chewing herbivores were more abundant in conventional maize with insecticide sprays. Significant differences were found for the species Colopterus sp., Colaspis occidentalis (L.) and Nusalala tessellata (Gerstaecker) which were most abundant in Bt maize, and Dalbulus maidis and Condylostylus sp.2 in conventional maize.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816043
title: Two methods for isolation of endophytic and edaphic Bacillus spp. from sugarcane fields

description: ABSTRACT: Bacillus has been widely studied and used for the control of pests and diseases. The adapted protocol proposed by POLANCZYK (2004) proved to be more efficient than the one by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1985) to isolate edaphic strains of Bacillus. However, it has not been assessed for isolation of endophytic strains, which are much less abundant in the nature and more difficult to be isolated. This study aimed to compare two methodological procedures for isolation of Bacillus, established by the WHO (1985) and by POLANCZYK (2004), regarding their efficiency for isolation of endophytics and edaphics Bacillus strains from inside the root tissue of sugarcane, as well as from the associated soil sample, collected from 11 locations; and to compare the density of bacteria in both environments. Endophytic and edaphic strains of Bacillus were isolated by both procedures. However, the isolation protocol performed by POLANCZYK (2004) made more efficient by having a greater number of colony forming units (CFU) per gram of soil and root indicating that this procedure is more useful, especially for isolation of endophytic strains of Bacillus, which are much less abundant in the nature than edaphic strains, being therefore more difficult to be isolated. Using the Polanczyk protocol (2004), Bacillus strains were recovered from all roots (endophytic) and soil (edaphic) samples of all the 11 fields, suggesting that the plant root may be another important source for isolation of Bacillus besides the soil. Higher densities of Bacillus were isolated from the edaphic environment compared with the endophytic environment, with significant differences when isolated by Polanczyk method (2004).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816043.v1
title: Two methods for isolation of endophytic and edaphic Bacillus spp. from sugarcane fields

description: ABSTRACT: Bacillus has been widely studied and used for the control of pests and diseases. The adapted protocol proposed by POLANCZYK (2004) proved to be more efficient than the one by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1985) to isolate edaphic strains of Bacillus. However, it has not been assessed for isolation of endophytic strains, which are much less abundant in the nature and more difficult to be isolated. This study aimed to compare two methodological procedures for isolation of Bacillus, established by the WHO (1985) and by POLANCZYK (2004), regarding their efficiency for isolation of endophytics and edaphics Bacillus strains from inside the root tissue of sugarcane, as well as from the associated soil sample, collected from 11 locations; and to compare the density of bacteria in both environments. Endophytic and edaphic strains of Bacillus were isolated by both procedures. However, the isolation protocol performed by POLANCZYK (2004) made more efficient by having a greater number of colony forming units (CFU) per gram of soil and root indicating that this procedure is more useful, especially for isolation of endophytic strains of Bacillus, which are much less abundant in the nature than edaphic strains, being therefore more difficult to be isolated. Using the Polanczyk protocol (2004), Bacillus strains were recovered from all roots (endophytic) and soil (edaphic) samples of all the 11 fields, suggesting that the plant root may be another important source for isolation of Bacillus besides the soil. Higher densities of Bacillus were isolated from the edaphic environment compared with the endophytic environment, with significant differences when isolated by Polanczyk method (2004).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816055
title: Action of rain on formulations of glyphosate mixed with saflufenacil for the control of Brachiaria decumbens

description: ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rain on the efficiency of different formulations of glyphosate applied in isolation and in combination with saflufenacil on the control of Brachiaria decumbens. This study was conducted during the first half of 2013. The treatments consisted of an isolated application of three formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb R, and Roundup WG) at 1,080 g a.e. ha-1 and mixed with saflufenacil at 24.5 g a.e. ha-1 + Dash at 0.5% v/v at six time intervals of simulated rain: 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after application of herbicides and a control treatment without rain. We performed visual evaluations of plant control at 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application of herbicides. The mixture of saflufenacil + Dash with the original Roundup formulations, Roundup Transorb R and Roundup WG increased the control speed of B. decumbens plants regardless of the rain interval studied. The formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Transorb R and Roundup WG) applied in isolation were affected by rains that occurred shortly after spraying. In combination with saflufenacil + Dash, there was a synergistic effect on weed control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816055.v1
title: Action of rain on formulations of glyphosate mixed with saflufenacil for the control of Brachiaria decumbens

description: ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rain on the efficiency of different formulations of glyphosate applied in isolation and in combination with saflufenacil on the control of Brachiaria decumbens. This study was conducted during the first half of 2013. The treatments consisted of an isolated application of three formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb R, and Roundup WG) at 1,080 g a.e. ha-1 and mixed with saflufenacil at 24.5 g a.e. ha-1 + Dash at 0.5% v/v at six time intervals of simulated rain: 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after application of herbicides and a control treatment without rain. We performed visual evaluations of plant control at 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application of herbicides. The mixture of saflufenacil + Dash with the original Roundup formulations, Roundup Transorb R and Roundup WG increased the control speed of B. decumbens plants regardless of the rain interval studied. The formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Transorb R and Roundup WG) applied in isolation were affected by rains that occurred shortly after spraying. In combination with saflufenacil + Dash, there was a synergistic effect on weed control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816109.v1
title: Diversity of insects under the effect of Bt maize and insecticides

description: ABSTRACT: The genetically modified maize to control some caterpillars has been widely used in Brazil. The effect of Bt maize and insecticides was evaluated on the diversity of insects (species richness and abundance), based on the insect community, functional groups and species. This study was conducted in genetically modified maize MON810, which expresses the Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and conventional maize with and without insecticide sprays (lufenuron and lambda-cyhalothrin) under field conditions in Ponta Grossa (Paraná state, Brazil). Insect samplings were performed by using pitfall trap, water tray trap and yellow sticky card. A total of 253,454 insects were collected, distributed among nine orders, 82 families and 241 species. No differences were observed in the insect community based on the richness, diversity and evenness indices. Predators and pollinators were more abundant in genetically modified maize. Parasitoids, detritivores, sap-sucking herbivores and chewing herbivores were more abundant in conventional maize with insecticide sprays. Significant differences were found for the species Colopterus sp., Colaspis occidentalis (L.) and Nusalala tessellata (Gerstaecker) which were most abundant in Bt maize, and Dalbulus maidis and Condylostylus sp.2 in conventional maize.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816046
title: Development stages horseweed in soybeans competition

description: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative competitive ability of soybean with different development stages of hairy fleabane. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design. In the experiment it was tested soybean and hairy fleabane competition at different stage of development (rosette and 15 cm height) at the proportions 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, and total plant population was 315 plant m-2. The variables evaluated were plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry matter (leaves and stems). Competitive analysis was performed by diagrams and interpreting the competitiveness index. The soybean has greater competitive ability that horseweed for both development stages. The intraspecific competition is more intense for soybean when in hairy fleabane rosette stage, and the competitive relations are equivalent between soybean and hairy fleabane of 15 cm tall. The both hairy fleabane stages were injured in the soybeans competition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816133.v1
title: Protection of chickens against fowl typhoid using field vaccine programs formulated with the live attenuated strain Salmonella Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA

description: ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) is a host-specific bacteria that causes the fowl typhoid (FT). This disease is highly pathogenic to commercial chickens, specially brown layers and breeders, causing acute septicemia followed by high morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is extensively adopted in the fields as a biosafety tool for prevention of isolated infections and outbreaks in commercial poultry flocks. The present study evaluated the use of an attenuated SG with deletions on genes cobS and cbiA (SGΔcobSΔcbiA) as a live vaccine, using vaccination schemes adjusted for field conditions. To this end, brown layers were used in two different experiments, to evaluate the long-term protection, necessary in the fields. The vaccination scheme on the first experiment consisted of two doses, the first at 4 th week-of-age and the booster dose at 8 th week-of-age with challenge at 16 th week-of-age with wild SG strain. On the second experiment, the vaccination was carried out by different routes using three doses of the live vaccine, at 4 th , 8 th and 12 th weeks-of-age, and the challenge was done at 20 th weeks-of-age. After the challenge, the mortality was recorded during 28 days, and the egg production (experiment 2) was evaluated and compared with the group of unvaccinated layers. In both experiments, the mortality was significantly reduced, and the egg production was not affected in vaccinated layer-hens. In summary, this study shows the efficacy and the protection of different vaccination schemes against FT that can be applied under field conditions in commercial poultry farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816046.v1
title: Development stages horseweed in soybeans competition

description: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative competitive ability of soybean with different development stages of hairy fleabane. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design. In the experiment it was tested soybean and hairy fleabane competition at different stage of development (rosette and 15 cm height) at the proportions 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, and total plant population was 315 plant m-2. The variables evaluated were plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry matter (leaves and stems). Competitive analysis was performed by diagrams and interpreting the competitiveness index. The soybean has greater competitive ability that horseweed for both development stages. The intraspecific competition is more intense for soybean when in hairy fleabane rosette stage, and the competitive relations are equivalent between soybean and hairy fleabane of 15 cm tall. The both hairy fleabane stages were injured in the soybeans competition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816133
title: Protection of chickens against fowl typhoid using field vaccine programs formulated with the live attenuated strain Salmonella Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA

description: ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) is a host-specific bacteria that causes the fowl typhoid (FT). This disease is highly pathogenic to commercial chickens, specially brown layers and breeders, causing acute septicemia followed by high morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is extensively adopted in the fields as a biosafety tool for prevention of isolated infections and outbreaks in commercial poultry flocks. The present study evaluated the use of an attenuated SG with deletions on genes cobS and cbiA (SGΔcobSΔcbiA) as a live vaccine, using vaccination schemes adjusted for field conditions. To this end, brown layers were used in two different experiments, to evaluate the long-term protection, necessary in the fields. The vaccination scheme on the first experiment consisted of two doses, the first at 4 th week-of-age and the booster dose at 8 th week-of-age with challenge at 16 th week-of-age with wild SG strain. On the second experiment, the vaccination was carried out by different routes using three doses of the live vaccine, at 4 th , 8 th and 12 th weeks-of-age, and the challenge was done at 20 th weeks-of-age. After the challenge, the mortality was recorded during 28 days, and the egg production (experiment 2) was evaluated and compared with the group of unvaccinated layers. In both experiments, the mortality was significantly reduced, and the egg production was not affected in vaccinated layer-hens. In summary, this study shows the efficacy and the protection of different vaccination schemes against FT that can be applied under field conditions in commercial poultry farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816049
title: Soybean control and grass suppression in maize with Brachiaria ruziziensis intercropped

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the best dose of atrazine in soybean control in winter maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis (B. ruziziensis), as well as its interaction with different doses of nicosulfuron, in a way as not to affect the benefits of farming-pasture integration. Two bioassays were made, the first one with six doses of atrazine (0.0, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 kga.i. ha-1). Evaluations were performed 15 and 30 days after application, based on the percentage of soybean plants control, number of plants of B. ruziziensis, maize grain yield and dry mass of the grass. The second bioassay was conducted in split plot 3 (doses of nicosulfuron) × 2 (with and without atrazine), with two additional witnesses (hand weeded and weeded treatment). Nicosulfuron doses used were 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 ga.i. ha-1, and atrazine dose used was 0.8 kga.i. ha-1. Increasing doses of atrazine resulted in better soybean plants control and higher maize grain yield. Doses higher than 1.0 kga.i. ha-1 of atrazine resulted in decreased dry mass of the grass. The addition of 0.8 kga.i. ha-1 of atrazine with 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 ga.i. ha-1 of nicosulfuron increased soybean plants control compared with single doses of nicosulfuron, did not influence the number of plants nor dry mass of the grass and provided increase in maize grain yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816073
title: Populational fluctuation of lace bug in cassava

description: ABSTRACT: Vatiga illudens is a pest of economic importance for the cultivation of cassava. Knowing the time of incidence of this insect in combination with environmental factors enables control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the population dynamics of V. illudens in cassava cultivars and the correlation of these insects for climatic factors in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Four cultivars of cassava were evaluated: Kiriris, N-25, IAC 90 and Fécula Branca. Population assessment of the lace bug was conducted over 18 months observing 2 crop cycles. Fortnightly, they were randomly sampled four central plants of each plot and five leaves from the middle third of each plant, quantifying the number of nymphs and adults per leaf. Twenty months after planting cassava, two central rows of each plot were harvested and measured productivity in kg ha-1. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments and two replications. The peak population of nymphs and adults for the first crop cycle occurred during the months from March to May. For the second cycle, these population indices happened in the months from January to April. Cultivar Kiriris showed the highest mean number of nymphs and adults per leaf cassava and cultivar IAC 90, the lowest number of insects. There was a negative correlation between the population of adult insects and root yield. The maximum, mean and minimum temperatures affected the population of nymphs V. illudens. These results are fundamental to define management strategies for control of lace bug.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816040
title: Resistance of tomato plant genotypes with high foliar allelochemical contents to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii

description: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the resistance of tomato genotypes with high foliar levels of allelochemicals to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii. Eight tomato genotypes with contrasting levels of three different alellochemicals were tested for leafminer resistance: the TOM-687 and TOM-688 lines, which are both rich in acylsugar; ZGB-703 and ZGB-704, which are rich in zingiberene; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 and BPX-367E-238-02, which are rich in 2-tridecanone; and 2 standard commercial hybrids (Deborah Max and Bravo F1) with low-allelochemical content. Thirty days after being transplanted, nine potted plants of each of the treatments were transferred to a phytotron chamber, into which 1600 unsexed leafminer adults from a mass rearing were released. The number of mines and the percentage of leaves and leaflets attacked (= with the presence of punctures) were evaluated. Six days later, the number of pupae was recorded. The genotypes with high levels of acylsugar were associated with higher levels of resistance to leaf miner L. trifolii, through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms. At least one of the 2-tridecanone-rich lines (BPX -365G-899-07-04-02) showed some level of resistance via an antibiosis mechanism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816094
title: Biological aspects of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae) fed on sweet potato leaves sprayed with 2,4-D

description: ABSTRACT: Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] presents great versatility of uses in Brazil. With the expansion of crop areas, this species is subject to contamination by herbicides. Eventually, non-target organisms can be exposed to residues . The aim of this study was to evaluate biological aspects of the mite Tetranychus ludeni fed on sweet potato leaves sprayed with different doses of the herbicide 2,4-D. The experiment was conducted at the Biological Control Laboratory of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Altogether, 175 females of T. ludeni and six doses of 2,4-D, in g.ha-1 (8.06, 20.15, 40.30, 80.60, 201.50, and 806,00) were used, plus the control done with distilled water. It was adopted a completely randomized design with seven treatments and five replications with five females each. Early mortality of T. ludeni (24 h), the number of eggs, nymphs and longevity of females were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, being the significant mean analyzed by Duncan test. It was observed that high doses of the herbicide may increase the mortality and decrease longevity of females of T. ludeni.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816040.v1
title: Resistance of tomato plant genotypes with high foliar allelochemical contents to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii

description: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the resistance of tomato genotypes with high foliar levels of allelochemicals to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii. Eight tomato genotypes with contrasting levels of three different alellochemicals were tested for leafminer resistance: the TOM-687 and TOM-688 lines, which are both rich in acylsugar; ZGB-703 and ZGB-704, which are rich in zingiberene; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 and BPX-367E-238-02, which are rich in 2-tridecanone; and 2 standard commercial hybrids (Deborah Max and Bravo F1) with low-allelochemical content. Thirty days after being transplanted, nine potted plants of each of the treatments were transferred to a phytotron chamber, into which 1600 unsexed leafminer adults from a mass rearing were released. The number of mines and the percentage of leaves and leaflets attacked (= with the presence of punctures) were evaluated. Six days later, the number of pupae was recorded. The genotypes with high levels of acylsugar were associated with higher levels of resistance to leaf miner L. trifolii, through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms. At least one of the 2-tridecanone-rich lines (BPX -365G-899-07-04-02) showed some level of resistance via an antibiosis mechanism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816094.v1
title: Biological aspects of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae) fed on sweet potato leaves sprayed with 2,4-D

description: ABSTRACT: Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] presents great versatility of uses in Brazil. With the expansion of crop areas, this species is subject to contamination by herbicides. Eventually, non-target organisms can be exposed to residues . The aim of this study was to evaluate biological aspects of the mite Tetranychus ludeni fed on sweet potato leaves sprayed with different doses of the herbicide 2,4-D. The experiment was conducted at the Biological Control Laboratory of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Altogether, 175 females of T. ludeni and six doses of 2,4-D, in g.ha-1 (8.06, 20.15, 40.30, 80.60, 201.50, and 806,00) were used, plus the control done with distilled water. It was adopted a completely randomized design with seven treatments and five replications with five females each. Early mortality of T. ludeni (24 h), the number of eggs, nymphs and longevity of females were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, being the significant mean analyzed by Duncan test. It was observed that high doses of the herbicide may increase the mortality and decrease longevity of females of T. ludeni.