cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259452.v1
title: Quick Test for Detecting Glyphosate-Resistant Ryegrass Seeds

description: ABSTRACT: The commercialization of ryegrass seeds with the presence of resistant biotypes is a serious issue that increses the dispersion of resistance to new areas without this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a quick test to detect susceptible and resistant seeds to the glyphosate herbicide in order to identify contaminated seed lots with glyphosate resistance. Three experiments were carried out, one in greenhouse and the other two in the seed laboratory. First, the resistance factor (RF) was determined by a dose-response curve experiment in biotypes suspected to be resistant and susceptible to glyphosate. Then, the germination test was conducted with the selected biotypes under increasing glyphosate rates (0, 3.5, 6.9, 13.9, 27.8, 55.5, 111, 222, 445, 890, and 1,780 mg a.e. L-1), as the second experiment. The third experiment was made to verify the methodological efficiency of the germination test with glyphosate to identify different contamination ratios (0, 4, 12, 36, and 100%) of the resistant biotype in the seed lot. The different levels of susceptibility of the biotypes to glyphosate were confirmed by the RF of 154.7 based on C50. Germination of the susceptible biotype was inhibited more than 99% by the rate of 127 mg a.e. L-1, while the resistant biotype was a little affected. The germination test with 127 mg a.e. L-1 of glyphosate showed contaminations of 2, 5, 19, 39, and 86% in lots with 0, 4, 12, 36, and 100% of contaminated seeds, respectively. This methodology can detect glyphosate susceptible and resistant seeds and identify contaminated seed lots with resistant glyphosate biotypes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259443
title: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Foliar Feeding of Micronutrients on Productivity and Revenue Generation of Forage Crops

description: ABSTRACT: Food security assurance to meet the demands of increased population growth requires a proportional increase in milk and meat production which, in turn, depends on animal nutrition. Assessing foliar application of micronutrients for production of substantive quantities of good quality forage must be a goal of modern, profit-oriented, sustainable agriculture and plants with better competitive ability as compared to weeds. This meta-analysis made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the impact of foliar feeding of micronutrients (iron, zinc, copper, sulfur and boron) on forage crops under varying pedo-climatic conditions. Weighted and unweighted meta-analyses were performed on 139 studies to evaluate 19 independent variables (9 qualitative, 5 qualitative, 5 economic) in comparison to no spray of micronutrients. Foliar feeding through application of one, two or more micronutrients with single or multiple sprays positively influenced agronomic and physiological traits, which led to significantly higher green forage (7-19%) and dry matter biomass. Nutritional quality, particularly crude protein (1.9-11.0%) and digestibility (8-17%), was improved by foliar spraying of micronutrients. Economic outputs were also increased as additional benefits rendered by foliar applied micronutrients surpassed their expenditures. For this data set, it is concluded that foliar feeding of micronutrients has the potential to boost forage yield, nutritional quality and revenue of cereals, legumes and non-conventional forage crops (quinoa and medick) depending on soil fertility status, concentration of applied micronutrients, number of foliar sprays, crop growth stage for foliar feeding and specific agro-environmental conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259449
title: The effect of hot air, vacuum and microwave drying on drying characteristics, rehydration capacity, color, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Kumquat (Citrus japonica)

description: Abstract Sliced kumquats were dried by using three different drying methods, microwave (375 W), hot air (70 and 80 °C), and vacuum (70 and 80 °C with 100 and 300 mbar) to determine drying characteristics, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content and color. All color parameters (L, a, b, Cab, ΔE and h° ) changed depending on the drying methods. Page and Modified Page models are the best fitted drying methods with the highest value of R2 (0.9994) and the lowest values of RMSE (0.000635-0.000735) and χ2 (0.000010-0.000013) compared to other models. Effective moisture diffusivity values for dried kumquats ranged from 1.54 × 10-8 to 8.24 × 10-8 in vacuum drying at 70 °C-300 mbar and microwave drying at 375 W, respectively. In comparison to the fresh sample, the dried samples showed an increase in both total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content (3095.71 ± 101.41 mg GA/100g d.w) and antioxidant activity (10.51 ± 0.19 µmol TE/g d.w) with DPPH assay showed the highest levels for the vacuum drying at 70 °C-100 mbar method. Microwave dried samples had the highest antioxidant activity with CUPRAC assay as (17.58 ± 0.63 µmol TE/g d.w.). This study indicated that microwave drying and vacuum drying at 70 °C-100 mbar were able to yield high-quality kumquat slices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259440
title: Compatibility and characterization of Bio-PE/PCL blends

description: Abstract In this work, blends based on environmentally friend polymers such as Biopolyethylene (Bio-PE), Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (PEgMA) added as compatibilizer agent were produced by conventional extrusion, aiming to produce bio-blends with synergic properties at low processing cost, being at same time non-polluting and therefore contributing to the environment preservation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that blending does not significantly interfere on the melting and crystallization behaviors of neat polymers, suggesting being low miscibility compounds. Mechanical properties were observed changing with blend composition as the impact strength significantly increased reaching values higher than 130% when compared to neat Bio-PE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed honeycomb morphology in Bio-PE/PCL blends, and the addition of PEgMA decreased the coalescence contributing to obtain more stable and synergic compounds. Bio-PE/PCL/PEgMA at 80/20/10 contents presented the best properties and may be used for packaging materials (food containers, film wrapping), and hygiene products.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259443.v1
title: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Foliar Feeding of Micronutrients on Productivity and Revenue Generation of Forage Crops

description: ABSTRACT: Food security assurance to meet the demands of increased population growth requires a proportional increase in milk and meat production which, in turn, depends on animal nutrition. Assessing foliar application of micronutrients for production of substantive quantities of good quality forage must be a goal of modern, profit-oriented, sustainable agriculture and plants with better competitive ability as compared to weeds. This meta-analysis made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the impact of foliar feeding of micronutrients (iron, zinc, copper, sulfur and boron) on forage crops under varying pedo-climatic conditions. Weighted and unweighted meta-analyses were performed on 139 studies to evaluate 19 independent variables (9 qualitative, 5 qualitative, 5 economic) in comparison to no spray of micronutrients. Foliar feeding through application of one, two or more micronutrients with single or multiple sprays positively influenced agronomic and physiological traits, which led to significantly higher green forage (7-19%) and dry matter biomass. Nutritional quality, particularly crude protein (1.9-11.0%) and digestibility (8-17%), was improved by foliar spraying of micronutrients. Economic outputs were also increased as additional benefits rendered by foliar applied micronutrients surpassed their expenditures. For this data set, it is concluded that foliar feeding of micronutrients has the potential to boost forage yield, nutritional quality and revenue of cereals, legumes and non-conventional forage crops (quinoa and medick) depending on soil fertility status, concentration of applied micronutrients, number of foliar sprays, crop growth stage for foliar feeding and specific agro-environmental conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259449.v1
title: The effect of hot air, vacuum and microwave drying on drying characteristics, rehydration capacity, color, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Kumquat (Citrus japonica)

description: Abstract Sliced kumquats were dried by using three different drying methods, microwave (375 W), hot air (70 and 80 °C), and vacuum (70 and 80 °C with 100 and 300 mbar) to determine drying characteristics, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content and color. All color parameters (L, a, b, Cab, ΔE and h° ) changed depending on the drying methods. Page and Modified Page models are the best fitted drying methods with the highest value of R2 (0.9994) and the lowest values of RMSE (0.000635-0.000735) and χ2 (0.000010-0.000013) compared to other models. Effective moisture diffusivity values for dried kumquats ranged from 1.54 × 10-8 to 8.24 × 10-8 in vacuum drying at 70 °C-300 mbar and microwave drying at 375 W, respectively. In comparison to the fresh sample, the dried samples showed an increase in both total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content (3095.71 ± 101.41 mg GA/100g d.w) and antioxidant activity (10.51 ± 0.19 µmol TE/g d.w) with DPPH assay showed the highest levels for the vacuum drying at 70 °C-100 mbar method. Microwave dried samples had the highest antioxidant activity with CUPRAC assay as (17.58 ± 0.63 µmol TE/g d.w.). This study indicated that microwave drying and vacuum drying at 70 °C-100 mbar were able to yield high-quality kumquat slices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259440.v1
title: Compatibility and characterization of Bio-PE/PCL blends

description: Abstract In this work, blends based on environmentally friend polymers such as Biopolyethylene (Bio-PE), Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (PEgMA) added as compatibilizer agent were produced by conventional extrusion, aiming to produce bio-blends with synergic properties at low processing cost, being at same time non-polluting and therefore contributing to the environment preservation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that blending does not significantly interfere on the melting and crystallization behaviors of neat polymers, suggesting being low miscibility compounds. Mechanical properties were observed changing with blend composition as the impact strength significantly increased reaching values higher than 130% when compared to neat Bio-PE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed honeycomb morphology in Bio-PE/PCL blends, and the addition of PEgMA decreased the coalescence contributing to obtain more stable and synergic compounds. Bio-PE/PCL/PEgMA at 80/20/10 contents presented the best properties and may be used for packaging materials (food containers, film wrapping), and hygiene products.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259437
title: Detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete with infrared thermography and ultrasound

description: Abstract Steel corrosion is one of the main pathological manifestations found in reinforced concrete. Its early detection can avoid costly repairs and damage to users. This paper proposes using infrared thermography and ultrasound to detect corrosion in reinforced concrete. The methodology consisted of preparing six specimens of 30x20x10 cm each including three 12.5-mm steel bars inserted and 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5-cm coatings. Those are the most commonly used and and recommended types of coating for reinforced concrete structures. The test specimens were subjected to an accelerated corrosion process, in a differentiated manner, in order to analyze three different degrees of corrosion. Subsequently, the specimens were submitted to infrared thermography tests and finally, ultrasound tests. The results showed that infrared thermography has many limitations regarding corrosion detection, but those limitations are reduced during the morning period; in very advanced conditions of deterioration, and on steel covered with only limited coating. On the other hand, the ultrasound showed a clear distinction in the results for the specimens, since wave propagation speed varies according to the corrosion degree and the quality of the concrete. Even though both tests present some limitations, using them in combination is a more effective way to detect the problem, since thermography can locate affected areas and ultrasound can better characterize any problems by comparing these areas against other intact concrete areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259428
title: Effect of fruit ripening on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of apple beverages

description: Abstract The effect of the variety (Gala, Lis Gala and Fuji Suprema) and the ripening stage (unripe, ripe and senescent) of apples on the phenolic compounds (HPLC) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) of apple juices and ciders were evaluated. The phenolic content of the Gala and Lis Gala apple juices decreased from the unripe to ripe stages and increased from the ripe to the senescent stages, while in the case of Fuji Suprema these values decreased with senescence. Fermentation caused a reduction (17 to 50%) of phenolics and the most affected were hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols. Principal component analysis confirmed the influence of variety, and the use of multivariate regression (PLS) made it possible to create significant models (p &lt; 0.05) to predict the antioxidant activity. The phenolic composition of the juices at different ripening stages was related to the variety of apple, which influenced the effect of fermentation on these compounds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259434
title: Maturity at harvest and postharvest quality of summer squash

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of harvest at maturity on the composition, quality, and postharvest life of zapallito squash (Cucurbita maxima var. zapallito). Fruit were harvested at three developmental stages - small, medium, and large, with 30, 70, and 90±10-mm diameter, respectively - and were stored at 0 and 5°C for 26 days and, then, at 20°C for 2 days. The following parameters were determined: respiration, firmness, color, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, sugars, acidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, decay, mass loss, and chilling injury (CI). Small light-colored squashes were more prone to dehydration and decay. Delaying harvest markedly reduced fruit carotenoid contents, acidity, and respiration rate; however, it did not affect firmness nor sugar content. Chlorophyll showed an increasing trend during fruit development. Small squashes had 100% higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidants than medium and large fruit, but were more sensitive to CI. No differences for CI susceptibility were observed between medium and large fruit. The quality of small, medium, and large squashes remained acceptable for 12, 19, and 26 days at 5ºC, respectively, plus 2 days at 20ºC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259434.v1
title: Maturity at harvest and postharvest quality of summer squash

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of harvest at maturity on the composition, quality, and postharvest life of zapallito squash (Cucurbita maxima var. zapallito). Fruit were harvested at three developmental stages - small, medium, and large, with 30, 70, and 90±10-mm diameter, respectively - and were stored at 0 and 5°C for 26 days and, then, at 20°C for 2 days. The following parameters were determined: respiration, firmness, color, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, sugars, acidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, decay, mass loss, and chilling injury (CI). Small light-colored squashes were more prone to dehydration and decay. Delaying harvest markedly reduced fruit carotenoid contents, acidity, and respiration rate; however, it did not affect firmness nor sugar content. Chlorophyll showed an increasing trend during fruit development. Small squashes had 100% higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidants than medium and large fruit, but were more sensitive to CI. No differences for CI susceptibility were observed between medium and large fruit. The quality of small, medium, and large squashes remained acceptable for 12, 19, and 26 days at 5ºC, respectively, plus 2 days at 20ºC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259437.v1
title: Detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete with infrared thermography and ultrasound

description: Abstract Steel corrosion is one of the main pathological manifestations found in reinforced concrete. Its early detection can avoid costly repairs and damage to users. This paper proposes using infrared thermography and ultrasound to detect corrosion in reinforced concrete. The methodology consisted of preparing six specimens of 30x20x10 cm each including three 12.5-mm steel bars inserted and 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5-cm coatings. Those are the most commonly used and and recommended types of coating for reinforced concrete structures. The test specimens were subjected to an accelerated corrosion process, in a differentiated manner, in order to analyze three different degrees of corrosion. Subsequently, the specimens were submitted to infrared thermography tests and finally, ultrasound tests. The results showed that infrared thermography has many limitations regarding corrosion detection, but those limitations are reduced during the morning period; in very advanced conditions of deterioration, and on steel covered with only limited coating. On the other hand, the ultrasound showed a clear distinction in the results for the specimens, since wave propagation speed varies according to the corrosion degree and the quality of the concrete. Even though both tests present some limitations, using them in combination is a more effective way to detect the problem, since thermography can locate affected areas and ultrasound can better characterize any problems by comparing these areas against other intact concrete areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259422
title: Effect of using kefir in the formulation of traditional Tarhana

description: Abstract Tarhana is known as a fermented cereal product made traditionally from wheat flour and yoghurt. As a novelty, kefir was used as substitute for yoghurt in tarhana production partially and completely to investigate the effects on fermentation activity, nutritional, sensory and rheological properties of tarhana. Addition of kefir increased the fermentation activity as raise in acidity values was observed compared to tarhana samples prepared with yoghurt. Regarding dry tarhana samples, the highest acidity degree, protein, ash and phenolic contents were detected in samples prepared with 100% kefir. Counts of LAB groups (M17 and MRS agar) of tarhana enriched with 100% kefir was higher than that of other tarhana samples during the fermentation period. Moreover, kefir affected the scores of sensory properties of tarhana soups. Tarhana soups prepared with kefir gave the highest scores for mouth feel, odour and consistency attributes. Tarhana soup prepared with 50% yoghurt and kefir showed the lowest viscosity probably due to synergistic effect on starch hydrolysis by bacterial population from both ingredients. These results suggest that replacement of yogurt with kefir in the formulation of Tarhana may enhance some properties of the soup.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259428.v1
title: Effect of fruit ripening on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of apple beverages

description: Abstract The effect of the variety (Gala, Lis Gala and Fuji Suprema) and the ripening stage (unripe, ripe and senescent) of apples on the phenolic compounds (HPLC) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) of apple juices and ciders were evaluated. The phenolic content of the Gala and Lis Gala apple juices decreased from the unripe to ripe stages and increased from the ripe to the senescent stages, while in the case of Fuji Suprema these values decreased with senescence. Fermentation caused a reduction (17 to 50%) of phenolics and the most affected were hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols. Principal component analysis confirmed the influence of variety, and the use of multivariate regression (PLS) made it possible to create significant models (p &lt; 0.05) to predict the antioxidant activity. The phenolic composition of the juices at different ripening stages was related to the variety of apple, which influenced the effect of fermentation on these compounds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259425
title: Influence of temperature on the adhesion of fibre reinforced polymers to timber surface

description: Abstract Carbon and glass fibre reinforced polymer composites are being increasingly used in timber structures, where they can be exposed to harsh temperature conditions. In order to be properly used, information is needed on their adhesion to the substrate. The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of temperatures between 20 and 80 ºC on the adhesion of these reinforcements to the wood. The shear test of adhesive line and pull-off test of the reinforcement from wood surface were carried out using specimens made of Pinus spp. The results demonstrated that temperature causes the nonlinear reduction of the reinforcement adhesion. The specimens exposed to a temperature of 80 °C presented residual bond strength means of 34% and 20% of the mean strength at room temperature for CFRP and for GFRP, respectively. Caution in using the applied resins is required due to the presented behaviour even in the service temperature range specified by the manufacturers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259416
title: Performance of common snook subjected to different feeding frequencies and rates using automatic feeders

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth performance of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) subjected to different feeding rates and frequencies using automatic feeders. Two experiments of 60 days each were carried out. In the first one, 20 fishes per tank were distributed in three feeding rates of: 5, 10, and 15% body weight per day. In the second experiment, 20 fishes per tank were distributed in nine tanks, in three feeding frequency: once a day, three times a day, and six times a day. Water parameters were maintained at the recommended level for the species. Final weight, body weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate did not differ significantly between the 10 and 15% feeding rates. However, both rates differed from the 5% one. The feeding frequency of six times a day resulted in better values for final weight, final biomass, body weight gain, and specific growth rate. Therefore, common snook fingerlings should be fed at the feeding rate of 10% body weight per day, six times a day, in order to achieve the best growth performance.