DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g33s9
title: Data from: Adaptation to an invasive host is driving the loss of a native ecotype

description: Locally adapted populations are often used as model systems for the early
 stages of ecological speciation, but most of these young divergent
 populations will never become complete species. The maintenance of local
 adaptation relies on the strength of natural selection overwhelming the
 homogenizing effects of gene flow; however, this balance may be readily
 upset in changing environments. Here I show that soapberry bugs (Jadera
 haematoloma) have lost adaptations to their native host plant
 (Cardiospermum corindum) and are regionally specializing on an invasive
 host (Koelreuteria elegans), collapsing a classic and well-documented
 example of local adaptation. All populations that were adapted to the
 native host-including those still found on that host today-are now better
 adapted to the invasive host in multiple phenotypes. Weak differentiation
 remains in two traits, suggesting that homogenization across the region is
 incomplete. This study highlights the potential for adaptation to invasive
 species to disrupt native communities by swamping adaptation to native
 conditions through maladaptive gene flow.
description: J.haematoloma morphology
 in 1988 & 2013-2015Morphological data from
 1988 (collected by SP Carroll, first published in Carroll & Boyd 1992)
 and 2013-2015 (collected by ML Cenzer). Column heading definitions:
 pophost=host plant species from which individuals were collected in the
 field; population=location name (city or island name); sex=M for male, F
 for female; beak=length of beak in mm; thorax=width of pronotum at widest
 point in mm; wing=length of forewing at longest point in mm; body=length
 from anterior tip of tylus to distal tip of closed forewing in mm (S
 indicates short-winged individuals - body length measures were not taken
 for these); month=collection month; year=collection year. Not all measures
 were taken for all individuals; NAs and blanks both indicate the measure
 was not taken. Data from two host plants (Cardiospermum microcarpum &
 Koelreuteria paniculata) not reported on in the manuscript are also
 included in this data file.morphology data for
 DRYAD.csvJ.haematoloma survival
 in 2014 (F1, cross-rearing experiment)Survival data for
 J.haematoloma in cross-rearing experiment conducted on F1 laboratory
 generation in 2014. Column heading interpretation: Number=individual
 identifier (because the datasheet was generated before hatching, some
 numbers were not used for individuals that never hatched); Family=maternal
 identifier (field-collected, paternity uncertain); bug.pop=location,
 either city or island name, from which the parents of that individual were
 collected; host.pop=location, either city or island name, from which the
 natal host seeds for that individual were collected; pophost=host species
 from which parents were collected; nathost=host species on which that
 individual was reared; hatch date=date the individual hatched; eclosion
 date=date the individual reached adulthood; death date=date an individual
 died if they did not reach adulthood (mortality post-adulthood was
 generally not recorded); sex=M for male, F for female if individuals
 reached adulthood. Blanks and NAs indicate data types that were not
 collected.survival for
 DRYAD.csvJ.haematoloma
 development times (F1 2014, F2 2014, F1 2013)Development time from
 hatching to adulthood for J.haematoloma combined from 3 experiments.
 Column heading interpretation: Number=individual identifier (unique
 between experiments); Family=maternal identifier: NOT unique across
 experiments (explained in more detail below); bug.pop=location, city or
 island name, from which the individuals parents or grandparents were
 collected; host.pop=location, city or island name, from which natal host
 seeds were collected (not available for K.elegans in 2013); pophost=host
 species from which parents or grandparents were collected in the field;
 nathost=host species on which the individual was reared; hatch date=date
 an individual hatched (not available for 2013 data); eclosion date=date an
 individual reached adulthood (not available for 2013 data); sex=M is male,
 F is female; Dvpt.time=number of days after hatching before an individual
 reached adulthood; Experiment=which experiment the individual is from (F1
 2014, F2 2014, or F1 2013); mate=identifier (Number) of the individual
 with whom each F1 2014 individual was mated (some individuals did not have
 suitable mates available or died before they became available; not
 applicable for F2 2014 or F1 2013 experiments). FAMILY elaboration: The
 family number for individuals in the F2 2014 experiment indicates the
 Number of the mother, all of whom were members of the F1 2014 experiment.
 Paternal identifiers can be determined from the mate of the mother. Family
 identifiers were reused between experiments.development time for
 DRYAD.csvSimulated development
 time codeThis file includes: 1)
 Code for data extraction of development times from Figure 3 of Carroll et
 al 1997; note that the exact pixel values will differ depending on how you
 size and crop the image. 2) Code for simulating 1000 (or however many you
 want) datasets using the means and standard deviations of 1988 and
 2013-2014 data. 3) Code for statistical comparison of all 1000 datasets
 for the complete dataset and within each host plant. Code for model
 selection is not included (but could be added if
 requested).Dvpt.time code for
 DRYAD.R