cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124076
title: Supplementary Material for: Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Body Weight

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The impact of alcohol on health depends on both the total amount ingested per week and the drinking pattern. Our goal was to assess the relationship between drinking occasions and anthropometric indicators of adiposity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> For this cross-sectional study, 7,855 men aged 50–59 years were recruited between 1991 and 1993 in France. Clinical and anthropometric data were obtained in a standardized clinical examination by trained staff. Alcohol intake was assessed by a questionnaire recording daily consumption of each type of alcohol during a typical week. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 75% of the participants drank alcohol daily (264.7 ml per week). For a given total alcohol intake and after adjustment of confounders, the number of drinking episodes was inversely correlated with body mass index (p &lt; 0.0001) and waist circumference (p &lt; 0.0001). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for obesity was 1.8 (1.3–2.4) for occasional (1–2 days/week) and 1.6 (1.2–2.1) for frequent drinkers (3–5 days/week) compared with daily drinkers. This correlation was less pronounced in moderate (&lt;140 ml/week) than intermediate consumers (140–280 ml/week). In heavy consumers (&gt;280 ml/week), the intake was almost always daily. The results were similar for wine and beer consumption. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that drinking occasion is a risk indicator of obesity independent of total alcohol intake.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124082
title: Supplementary Material for: Alu-Alu Fusion Sequences Identified at Junction Sites of Copy Number Amplified Regions in Cancer Cell Lines

description: <i>Alu</i> elements are short, ∼300-bp stretches of DNA and are the most abundant repetitive elements in the human genome. A large number of chromosomal rearrangements mediated by <i>Alu-Alu </i>recombination have been reported in germline cells, but only a few in somatic cells. Cancer development is frequently accompanied by various chromosomal rearrangements including gene amplification. To explore an involvement of <i>Alu-Alu</i> fusion in gene amplification events, we determined 20 junction site sequences of 5 highly amplified regions in 4 cancer cell lines. The amplified regions exhibited a common copy number profile: a stair-like increase with multiple segments, which is implicated in the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle-mediated amplification. All of the sequences determined were characterized as head-to-head or tail-to-tail fusion of sequences separated by 1–5 kb in the genome sequence. Of these, 4 junction site sequences were identified as <i>Alu-Alu</i> fusions between inverted, paired <i>Alu</i> elements with relatively long overlapping sequences of 17, 21, 22, and 24 bp. Together with genome mapping data of <i>Alu</i> elements, these findings suggest that when breakages occur at or near inverted, paired <i>Alu</i> elements in the process of BFB cycle-mediated amplification, sequence homology of <i>Alu</i> elements is frequently used to repair the broken ends.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124073
title: Supplementary Material for: From the Transcription of Genes Involved in Ectodermal Dysplasias to the Understanding of Associated Dental Anomalies

description: Orodental anomalies are one aspect of rare diseases and are increasingly identified as diagnostic and predictive traits. To understand the rationale behind gene expression during tooth or other ectodermal derivative development and the disruption of odontogenesis or hair and salivary gland formation in human syndromes we analyzed the expression patterns of a set of genes <i>(Irf6, Nfkbia, Ercc3, Evc2, Map2k1) </i>involved in human ectodermal dysplasias in mouse by in situ hybridization. The expression patterns of <i>Nfkbia</i>, <i>Ercc3</i> and <i>Evc2</i> during odontogenesis had never been reported previously. All genes were indeed transcribed in different tissues/organs of ectodermal origin. However, for <i>Nfkbia, Ercc3, Evc2, </i>and<i> Map2k1</i>, signals were also present in the ectomesenchymal components of the tooth germs. These expression patterns were consistent in timing and localization with the known dental anomalies (tooth agenesis, microdontia, conical shape, enamel hypoplasia) encountered in syndromes resulting from mutations in those genes. They could also explain the similar orodental anomalies encountered in some of the corresponding mutant mouse models. Translational approaches in development and medicine are relevant to gain understanding of the molecular events underlying clinical manifestations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124085.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Colonization of <b><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i></b> by <b><i>Bacillus nematocida</i></b> B16, a Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogen

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Soil-dwelling <i>Bacillus nematocida</i> B16 can kill <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> via a Trojan horse-like mechanism. However, colonization is a key problem that must be solved during the infection process. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> To study the molecular mechanism involved in the colonization of <i>B. nematocida</i> B16 against the host <i>C. elegans</i>. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> GFP-expressing strain B16g was constructed and its nematocidal activity was assayed. ‘Feeding transfer’ experiments were carried out separately using of B16 and B16g strains to explore the colonization mode of the bacteria. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the interactions between fluorescent signal and the quantity of bacteria in the intestine. A mariner-based transposon called TnYLB-1 was also applied in the random mutagenesis of B16 to screen the mutants with impaired colonization of nematode worms and identify potential localization-related genes. <b><i>Results and Conclusion:</i></b> A small inoculum of the bacteria resulted in its proliferation in the <i>C. elegans</i> intestine. The fluorescence signal was enhanced with increasing bacterial density in the intestine. Several candidate genes with possibly important roles in colonization were found. These results provide a solid foundation for further elucidation of the infection process at the molecular level and enrichment of our knowledge of bacterial pathogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124070
title: Supplementary Material for: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induces Human Macrophages to Form Intracytoplasmic Vacuoles Mimicking Hofbauer Cells in Human Chorionic Villi

description: The most characteristic morphological feature of macrophages in the stroma of placental villi, known as Hofbauer cells, is their highly vacuolated appearance. They also show positive immunostaining for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and express messenger ribonucleic acid of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor with a deletion of exon 9 (LH/CG-R Δ9). Maternal hCG enters fetal plasma through the mesenchyme of the placental villi and promotes male sexual differentiation in early pregnancy; therefore, excess hCG may induce aberrant genital differentiation and hCG must be adjusted at the fetomaternal interface. We hypothesized that hCG is regulated by Hofbauer cells and that their peculiar vacuoles are involved in a cell-specific function. To assess the morphological modification and expression of LH/CG-R Δ9 in human macrophages after hCG exposure, the present study examined phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 cells, a human monocyte-macrophage cell line. hCG induced transient vacuole formation in PMA-treated THP-1 cells, morphologically mimicking Hofbauer cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that PMA-treated THP-1 cells incorporated hCG but not luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that PMA-treated THP-1 cells expressed an immunoreactive 60-kDa protein, designated as endogenous LH/CG-R Δ9. hCG induced a transient reduction in the LH/CG-R Δ9, which was synchronous with the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles. In conclusion, human macrophages regulating hCG via cytoplasmic LH/CG-R Δ9 mimic the morphological characteristics of Hofbauer cells. Their vacuoles may be associated with their cell-specific function to protect the fetus from exposure to excess maternal hCG during pregnancy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124067
title: Supplementary Material for: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Accompanied by Psoriasis Induces IL-27-Producing Cells in Both Affected Areas of the Skin

description: IL-27 is mainly produced by activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and has been reported in various Th1/Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, and even in Th2-complexed disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe a 51-year-old Japanese man with SLE accompanied by psoriasis. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed the existence of IL-27-producing cells in biopsy specimens from both SLE and psoriasis. Our findings might suggest relationships between IL-27 and the pathogenesis of these inflammatory diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124076.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Body Weight

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The impact of alcohol on health depends on both the total amount ingested per week and the drinking pattern. Our goal was to assess the relationship between drinking occasions and anthropometric indicators of adiposity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> For this cross-sectional study, 7,855 men aged 50–59 years were recruited between 1991 and 1993 in France. Clinical and anthropometric data were obtained in a standardized clinical examination by trained staff. Alcohol intake was assessed by a questionnaire recording daily consumption of each type of alcohol during a typical week. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 75% of the participants drank alcohol daily (264.7 ml per week). For a given total alcohol intake and after adjustment of confounders, the number of drinking episodes was inversely correlated with body mass index (p &lt; 0.0001) and waist circumference (p &lt; 0.0001). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for obesity was 1.8 (1.3–2.4) for occasional (1–2 days/week) and 1.6 (1.2–2.1) for frequent drinkers (3–5 days/week) compared with daily drinkers. This correlation was less pronounced in moderate (&lt;140 ml/week) than intermediate consumers (140–280 ml/week). In heavy consumers (&gt;280 ml/week), the intake was almost always daily. The results were similar for wine and beer consumption. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that drinking occasion is a risk indicator of obesity independent of total alcohol intake.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124049
title: Supplementary Material for: Carotid Plaque, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, and Coronary Calcification Equally Discriminate Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in Kidney Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite the significant morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), risk stratification remains an important challenge in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. We examined the discriminative ability of noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis, including carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid plaque, coronary artery calcification (CAC) and ascending and descending thoracic aorta calcification (TCAC), and Framingham risk score (FRS) to predict self-reported prevalent CVD. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> Participants were enrolled in the cIMT ancillary study of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study and also had all of the above measures within an 18-month period. CVD was present in 21% of study participants. C-statistics were used to ascertain the discriminatory power of each measure of atherosclerosis. The study population (n = 220) was 64% male; 51% black and 45% white. The proportion of individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60, 45–59, 30–44, and &lt;30 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> was 21, 41, 28, and 11%, respectively. In multivariable analyses adjusting for demographic factors, we failed to find a difference between CAC, carotid plaque, and cIMT as predictors of self-reported prevalent CVD (C-statistic 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.78; C-statistic 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60–0.75, and C-statistic 0.64, CI: 0.56–0.72, respectively). CAC was statistically better than FRS. FRS was the weakest discriminator of self-reported prevalent CVD (C-statistic 0.58). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There was a significant burden of atherosclerosis among individuals with CKD, ascertained by several different imaging modalities. We were unable to find a difference in the ability of CAC, carotid plaque, and cIMT to predict self-reported prevalent CVD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124052
title: Supplementary Material for: Endoscopic Microvascular Decompression: A Stepwise Operative Technique

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is a widely accepted treatment for patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by vascular compression. The neuroendoscope is rapidly becoming a complementary tool in minimally invasive neurosurgery of the ventral anterior skull base. Its adoption in the lateral approach to the posterior fossa has been slower and has been used primarily as an adjunct to conventional microscopic surgical techniques, e.g. endoscope-assisted microsurgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this paper, we describe a stepwise, technical commentary on a purely endoscopic MVD of the trigeminal nerve via the retrosigmoid route. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From our experience, the endoscope provides excellent visualization of the neurovascular relationship. By allowing full visualization of the trigeminal nerve, endoscopy may likely lead to an increase in the number of successful MVDs and a decrease in the number of complications. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We believe endoscopic MVD is a safe and effective method of accessing the trigeminal nerve in the cerebellopontine angle and of performing MVD. This endoscopic technique can be implemented in other neurosurgical and neuro-otological procedures such as resection of cerebellopontine angle masses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124064
title: Supplementary Material for: Virtual Ligand-Based Screening Reveals Purmorphamine Analogs with the Capacity to Induce the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

description: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have extensive proliferative capacity, are able to self-renew and have the potential to differentiate into cells of the connective tissue lineages. These properties make them a putative cell type for tissue engineering applications, as well as a possible in vivo target for the pharmaceutical modulation of the differentiation processes.<b> </b>The aim of this study was to find one or more small-molecule substances that would enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. The strategy used here was ligand-based virtual screening for substances similar to the previously suggested osteoinductive purmorphamine followed by an in vitro screening of the selected analogs in hMSCs isolated from bone marrow. We investigated the osteoinductive capacity of several purmorphamine analogs by determining the protein and gene expression of markers for osteogenic differentiation as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization of these cells. Treatment with two candidate substances or purmorphamine resulted in increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to the control. Other purmorphamine analogs demonstrated higher calcium deposition in the ECM after 5 weeks of osteogenic differentiation, compared to both purmorphamine and the control condition. The resulting substances, which had positive effects on the osteogenic differentiation, are promising as possible modes of treatment for bone-related diseases or defects that target and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs<i>,</i> in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the concept of combining the virtual ligand-based screening method with in vitro screening, using human adult stem cells as a possible strategy for drug discovery, is demonstrated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124067.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Accompanied by Psoriasis Induces IL-27-Producing Cells in Both Affected Areas of the Skin

description: IL-27 is mainly produced by activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and has been reported in various Th1/Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, and even in Th2-complexed disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe a 51-year-old Japanese man with SLE accompanied by psoriasis. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed the existence of IL-27-producing cells in biopsy specimens from both SLE and psoriasis. Our findings might suggest relationships between IL-27 and the pathogenesis of these inflammatory diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124046
title: Supplementary Material for: Incidence and Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Americas: A Systematic Review

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies considerably around the world. No previous study has performed a comprehensive review examining the incidence and prevalence of MS across the Americas. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and assess the quality of studies estimating the incidence and/or prevalence of MS in North, Central and South American regions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1985 to January 2011. Search terms included ‘multiple sclerosis’, ‘incidence’, ‘prevalence’ and ‘epidemiology’. Only full-text articles published in English or French were included. Study quality was assessed using an assessment tool based on recognized guidelines and designed specifically for this study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 3,925 studies were initially identified, with 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies examined North American regions (n = 25). Heterogeneity was high among all studies, even when stratified by country. Only half of the studies reported standardized rates, making comparisons difficult. Quality scores ranged from 3/8 to 8/8. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This review highlights the gaps that still exist in the epidemiological knowledge of MS in the Americas, and the inconsistencies in methodologies and quality among the published studies. There is a need for future studies of MS prevalence and incidence to include uniform case definitions, employ comparable methods of ascertainment, report standardized results, and be performed on a national level. Other factors such as sex distribution, ethnic make-up and population lifestyle habits should also be considered.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124052.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Endoscopic Microvascular Decompression: A Stepwise Operative Technique

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is a widely accepted treatment for patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by vascular compression. The neuroendoscope is rapidly becoming a complementary tool in minimally invasive neurosurgery of the ventral anterior skull base. Its adoption in the lateral approach to the posterior fossa has been slower and has been used primarily as an adjunct to conventional microscopic surgical techniques, e.g. endoscope-assisted microsurgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this paper, we describe a stepwise, technical commentary on a purely endoscopic MVD of the trigeminal nerve via the retrosigmoid route. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From our experience, the endoscope provides excellent visualization of the neurovascular relationship. By allowing full visualization of the trigeminal nerve, endoscopy may likely lead to an increase in the number of successful MVDs and a decrease in the number of complications. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We believe endoscopic MVD is a safe and effective method of accessing the trigeminal nerve in the cerebellopontine angle and of performing MVD. This endoscopic technique can be implemented in other neurosurgical and neuro-otological procedures such as resection of cerebellopontine angle masses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124070.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induces Human Macrophages to Form Intracytoplasmic Vacuoles Mimicking Hofbauer Cells in Human Chorionic Villi

description: The most characteristic morphological feature of macrophages in the stroma of placental villi, known as Hofbauer cells, is their highly vacuolated appearance. They also show positive immunostaining for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and express messenger ribonucleic acid of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor with a deletion of exon 9 (LH/CG-R Δ9). Maternal hCG enters fetal plasma through the mesenchyme of the placental villi and promotes male sexual differentiation in early pregnancy; therefore, excess hCG may induce aberrant genital differentiation and hCG must be adjusted at the fetomaternal interface. We hypothesized that hCG is regulated by Hofbauer cells and that their peculiar vacuoles are involved in a cell-specific function. To assess the morphological modification and expression of LH/CG-R Δ9 in human macrophages after hCG exposure, the present study examined phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 cells, a human monocyte-macrophage cell line. hCG induced transient vacuole formation in PMA-treated THP-1 cells, morphologically mimicking Hofbauer cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that PMA-treated THP-1 cells incorporated hCG but not luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that PMA-treated THP-1 cells expressed an immunoreactive 60-kDa protein, designated as endogenous LH/CG-R Δ9. hCG induced a transient reduction in the LH/CG-R Δ9, which was synchronous with the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles. In conclusion, human macrophages regulating hCG via cytoplasmic LH/CG-R Δ9 mimic the morphological characteristics of Hofbauer cells. Their vacuoles may be associated with their cell-specific function to protect the fetus from exposure to excess maternal hCG during pregnancy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124046.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Incidence and Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Americas: A Systematic Review

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies considerably around the world. No previous study has performed a comprehensive review examining the incidence and prevalence of MS across the Americas. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and assess the quality of studies estimating the incidence and/or prevalence of MS in North, Central and South American regions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1985 to January 2011. Search terms included ‘multiple sclerosis’, ‘incidence’, ‘prevalence’ and ‘epidemiology’. Only full-text articles published in English or French were included. Study quality was assessed using an assessment tool based on recognized guidelines and designed specifically for this study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 3,925 studies were initially identified, with 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies examined North American regions (n = 25). Heterogeneity was high among all studies, even when stratified by country. Only half of the studies reported standardized rates, making comparisons difficult. Quality scores ranged from 3/8 to 8/8. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This review highlights the gaps that still exist in the epidemiological knowledge of MS in the Americas, and the inconsistencies in methodologies and quality among the published studies. There is a need for future studies of MS prevalence and incidence to include uniform case definitions, employ comparable methods of ascertainment, report standardized results, and be performed on a national level. Other factors such as sex distribution, ethnic make-up and population lifestyle habits should also be considered.