DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwxn
title: Data from: Native plant traits and invasibility of restored communities: Importance of environmental context and trait hierarchies

description: During community assembly, theory predicts trait convergence among species
 due to environmental filtering, and trait divergence due to biotic
 filtering. Learning how traits of non-native species enable them to
 overcome these filters informs the process of invasion. We manipulated
 mixtures of native plants in a large restoration project in Southern
 California that was initially dominated by non-native annual grasses and
 forbs but was restored to a mixture of native shrubs, grasses, and
 forbs.  We measured subsequent establishment and performance by
 three non-native species (Brassica nigra, Salsola tragus, and Sonchus
 oleraceus) on N- and S-facing slopes to investigate relationships between
 the abiotic environment, native community composition, and invasibility in
 the context of trait-driven ecological filters. We then evaluated which
 community metrics influenced invader performance and tested whether
 relationships between invader performance and community-weighted traits
 varied depending on slope aspect. Plots with slow-growing native shrubs
 contained less of the fast-growing invasive, Brassica nigra.
 Invasibility was greatest in native communities restored with native grass
 and on N-facing slopes. Traits of individual species indicated relatively
 greater biotic as compared to environmental filtering. For example,
 abundance of Phacelia cicutaria, a native annual with traits most like
 invasive Brassica nigra, was negatively correlated with abundance of that
 invasive. Several community-weighted trait metrics were also significantly
 related to invasibility, but the direction of the relationship varied
 depending on the specific functional trait, community-weighted trait
 measure (mean or dispersion), invader, and slope aspect. The native
 functional group that was more likely to prevent invasion by non-native
 annual species (native shrubs) was different from the single species that
 most prevented invasion (a native forb). In restoration planning,
 functional groups and trait values of individual species may point to
 different mixtures of native species that prevent invasion by specific
 non-natives, depending on priority effects. Understanding the priority
 effects and trait hierarchies that underly biotic filtering appears
 critical to interpreting community-weighted traits and their complexity of
 responses to environmental variation in space and time. 
description: # Reference Information ## Provenance for this README * File name:
 README_Dataset-Invasibility_v0.1.0.txt * Author: Sarah Kimball * Other
 contributors: Monica A. Nguyen, Jennifer L. Funk, Megan Lulow, Travis E.
 Huxman, and Greg Vose * Date created: 2024-02-19 * Date modified:
 2024-02-19 ## Dataset Version and Release History * Current Version: *
 Number: 1.0.0 * Date: 2024-01-05 * Persistent identifier: DOI: * Summary
 of changes: n/a * Embargo Provenance: n/a * Scope of embargo: n/a *
 Embargo period: n/a ## Dataset Attribution and Usage * Dataset Title: Data
 for the article "Native plant traits and invasibility of restored
 communities: Importance of environmental context and trait
 hierarchies" * Persistent Identifier: * Dataset Contributors: *
 Creators: Sarah Kimball, Monica A. Nguyen, Jennifer L. Funk, Megan Lulow,
 Greg Vote, and Travis E. Huxman * Date of Issue: * Publisher: * License:
 Use of these data is covered by the following license: * Title: CC0 1.0
 Universal (CC0 1.0) * Specification:
 [https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/); the authors respectfully request to be contacted by researchers interested in the re-use of these data so that the possibility of collaboration can be discussed. ## Contact Information * Name: Sarah Kimball * Affiliations: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 * ORCID ID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-4741](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-4741) * Email: [skimball@uci.edu](mailto:skimball@uci.edu) # Additional Dataset Metadata ## Dates and Locations * Dates of data collection: Field data collected between December 2012 and March 2016. Physiological trait data collected between March 2013 and April 2019. Additional details provided in Table 1 of the publication. * Geographic location of data collection: Field data on restored plots collected on two hillsides in the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains in the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmark, California, USA (33.7647º N 117.7382º W). Functional traits were measured on mature individuals at a common garden, an agricultural field surrounded by native vegetation at the Irvine Ranch Conservancy’s native seed farm (33°44’29.54”N, 117 °44’5.31”W), in Orange County, CA, USA. Additional traits measured on potted plants at Chapman University (Orange, CA, USA). # Methodological Information * Methods of data collection/generation: see manuscript for details # Data and File Overview ## Summary Metrics * File count: 6 * Total file size: 324 KB * Range of individual file sizes: 2 - 95 KB * File formats: .csv * Missing data identified as NA in all files ## Table of Contents * 2013_LR_branig.csv * 2016_LR_saltra.csv * 2016_LR_sonole.csv * soil_moisture_2013_complete.csv * soil_moisture_2016_complete.csv * Trait_values.csv # File Details ## Details for: 2013\_LR\_branig.csv * Description: a comma-delimited file containing success metrics for the invasive species *Brassica nigra* and plot-based community composition and physiological trait data from the spring of 2013 * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 76 KB * Dimensions: 101 rows x 64 columns * Variables: * plot_id: unique plot identification information; * slope: slope aspect for each plot; North=north-facing; South=south-facing * plot_type: native community being restored; CSS=coastal sage scrub; GL=grassland * plottype_slope: concatenated values of plot-type and slope * mix: seed mixture of native plants added in restoration; S=shrub; A=all; F=forb; G=grass * community: concatenated values of plot-type and mix * TotalNativeCover_all species: the % cover of all native plants * TotalNativeCover_19 species: % cover of the native plants for which we have physiological trait values * NativeSpeciesRichness_all species: the number of all native species in each plot * NativeSpeciesRichness_19 species: the number of native species in each plot for which we have physiological data * multivariate_FDis: functional dispersion of the plot based on physiological traits * Columns L through S: metrics of invisibility, including biomass, number of individuals, height, biomass, and ln-transformed metrics for the invasive species, *Brassica nigra* (brni). * Columns T through AD: raw values for brni physiological traits * Columns AE through AO: community-weighted mean values for physiological traits * Columns AP through AX: HD values for physiological traits * Columns AY through BI: functional dissimilarity values for physiological traits * Columns BJ through BT: functional dispersion values for physiological traits ## Details for: 2016\_LR\_saltra.csv * Description: a comma-delimited file containing success metrics for the invasive species *Salsola tragus* and plot-based community composition and physiological trait data from the spring of 2016 * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 94 KB * Dimensions: 144 rows x 60 columns * Variables: * plot_id: unique plot identification information; * plot_type: native community being restored; CSS=coastal sage scrub; GL=grassland * mix: seed mixture of native plants added in restoration; S=shrub; A=all; F=forb; G=grass * community: concatenated values of plot-type and mix * slope: slope aspect for each plot; North=north-facing; South=south-facing * TotalNativeCover_all species: the % cover of all native plants * TotalNativeCover_19 species: % cover of the native plants for which we have physiological trait values * NativeSpeciesRichness_all species: the number of all native species in each plot * NativeSpeciesRichness_19 species: the number of native species in each plot for which we have physiological data * multivariate_FDis: functional dispersion of the plot based on physiological traits * Columns K through N: metrics of invisibility, including cover, height, and ln-transformed metrics for the invasive species, *Salsola tragus* (saltra). * Columns O through Y: raw values for saltra physiological traits * Columns Z through AJ: community-weighted mean values for physiological traits * Columns AK through AS: HD values for physiological traits * Columns AT through BD: functional dissimilarity values for physiological traits * Columns BE through BO: functional dispersion values for physiological traits ## Details for: 2016\_LR\_sonole.csv * Description: a comma-delimited file containing success metrics for the invasive species Sonchus oleraceus and plot-based community composition and physiological trait data from the spring of 2016 * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 95 KB * Dimensions: 144 rows x 60 columns * Variables: * plot_id: unique plot identification information; * plot_type: native community being restored; CSS=coastal sage scrub; GL=grassland * mix: seed mixture of native plants added in restoration; S=shrub; A=all; F=forb; G=grass * community: concatenated values of plot-type and mix * slope: slope aspect for each plot; North=north-facing; South=south-facing * TotalNativeCover_all species: the % cover of all native plants * TotalNativeCover_19 species: % cover of the native plants for which we have physiological trait values * NativeSpeciesRichness_all species: the number of all native species in each plot * NativeSpeciesRichness_19 species: the number of native species in each plot for which we have physiological data * multivariate_FDis: functional dispersion of the plot based on physiological traits * Columns K through N: metrics of invisibility, including cover, height, and ln-transformed metrics for the invasive species, Sonchus oleraceus (sonole). * Columns O through Y: raw values for sonole physiological traits * Columns Z through AJ: community-weighted mean values for physiological traits * Columns AK through AS: HD values for physiological traits * Columns AT through BD: functional dissimilarity values for physiological traits * Columns BE through BO: functional dispersion values for physiological traits ## Details for: soil\_moisture\_2013\_complete.csv * Description: a comma-delimited file containing measurements of soil moisture in each study plot during spring of 2013. * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 17 KB * Dimensions: 337 rows x 6 columns * Variables: * Plot: unique identifying plot name * Treatment: a concatenation of the community restored, the seed mix restored, and the maintenance frequency; H= weed treatment every 4 weeks and L=weed treatment every 8 weeks * Slope: The slope aspect where plots were located; North=North-facing and South=South-facing * soil_moist: the % soil moisture as measured with a hydrosense * date: the date on which data were collected ## Details for: soil\_moisture\_2016\_complete.csv * Description: a comma-delimited file containing measurements of soil moisture in each study plot in the spring of 2016 * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 10 KB * Dimensions: 337 rows x 5 columns * Variables: * Plot ID: unique identifying plot name * Slope: The slope aspect where plots were located; North=North-facing and South=South-facing * Community: the restored native seed mix * date: the date on which data were collected * soil_moist: the % soil moisture as measured with a hydrosense ## Details for: Trait\_values.csv * Description: a comma-delimited file containing average physiological trait values for each species measured * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 2 KB * Dimensions: 23 rows x 11 columns * Variables: * Species: the species measured; ACGL=*Acmispon glaber*, ACST=*Acmispon strigosus*, ARCA=*Artemisia californica*, BRNI=*Brassica nigra*, CIOC=*Cirsium occidentale*, DEFA=*Deinandra fasciculata*, ENCA=*Encelia californica*, ERFA=*Eriogonum fasciculatum*, ESCA=*Eschscholzia californica*, GRCA=*Grindelia camporum*, ISME=*Isocoma menziesii*, LECO=*Elymus condensatus*, LUMI=*Lupinus microcarpus*, LUSU=*Lupinus succulentus*, MASA=*Malacothrix saxatilis*, PHCI=*Phacelia cicutaria*, PLER=*Plantago erecta*, SAAP=*Salvia apiana*, SACO=*Salvia columbariae*, SATR=*Salsola tragus*, SOOL=*Sonchus oleraceus*, STPU=*Stipa pulchra* * Aarea: maximum photosynthetic rate; CO2 fixed per meter2 per second; μmol m−2 sec−1 * WUE: water-use efficiency; photosynthetic rate divided by stomatal conductance; photosynthesis (µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 ) divided by the stomatal conductance rate (mmol H2O m −2 s −1) * SLA: specific leaf area; mm leaf area per mg leaf mass * N: leaf nitrogen; % * Seed mass: weight of seed in mg * Rdiam: root diameter in mm * RMF: root mass fraction; dry mass of a plant's roots divided by the total dry mass of the plant; mg/mg * SRL: specific root length; the ratio of root length to dry mass of fine roots; m g(-1) * RTD: rooting depth; mm * Origin: whether the species is native to the study area or non-native and invasive