DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm2x
title: Sexual dimorphism in fin size and shape in bluefin killfish

description: These data accompany the analysis of sexual dimorphism in fin size in
 bluefin killifish. In this study, we quantified sexual dimorphism in fin
 size and shape across all fin types in the bluefin killifish, Lucania
 goodei. We found striking sexual dimorphism in the dorsal and anal fins,
 particularly in area, ray length, and base length. In contrast, the
 pelvic, pectoral, and caudal fins showed moderate, but detectable, levels
 of dimorphism. The package contains data on fin ray number, fin ray
 lengths, fin area, and fin base length for dorsal, anal, caudal, pectoral,
 and pelvic fins of male and female blufin killifish. 
description: # Sexual dimorphism in fin size and shape in bluefin killfish Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm2x](10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm2x) ## Description of the
 data and file structure Bluefin killifish were collected from two
 populations in Florida (Everglades and Rainbow River) and maintained in
 lab colonies. Approximately 10 males and 10 females from each population
 were euthanized and photographed so that morphometric data could be
 measured from the images using NIH Image. ### Files and variables ####
 File: Brockelsby_etal_code.R **Description:** This file contains the code
 to analyze the data below. It estimates the repeatability of traits,
 correlations of traits with standard length, the effects of sex (and
 population) on trait values, estimates sexual dimorphism, coefficients of
 variation for traits, and correlations among trait values for both males
 and females. #### File: SL_correct.csv **Description:** This file contains
 data on the standard length for each individual fish. Fish.ID denotes the
 individual ID of each fish and allows for data across files to be merged.
 The Sex, Source Population, Individual Measurer, and trait value are also
 listed. There are multiple measurements for each fish. ##### Variables *
 Fish.ID: A unique ID for each fish * Photo.IDs: An identifier for the
 photo from which the measurements were taken * Sex: Sex of the fish (M or
 F) * Source: Source population (Everglades or Rainbow River) * Measurer:
 Identifier for the person taking the measurements from the photo * SL:
 standard length of the fish (mm) #### File: Caudal_RaysV2_noSingletons.csv
 **Description:** This file has the data on the caudal fin ray numbers and
 ray lengths. The caudal rays are denoted as the ‘median’ caudal ray and
 then rays on either the dorsal or anal (i.e., ventral) side of the median
 ray. We count the number of rays as the number of branched rays plus one
 unbranched ray each side (i.e., dorsal and ventral). ##### Variables *
 Fish.ID: A unique ID for each fish that allows individual trait means to
 be merged across files * Photo_IDs: An identifier for the photo from which
 the measurements were taken * Sex: Sex of the fish (M or F) * Source:
 Source population (Everglades or Rainbow River) * Measurer: Identifier for
 the person taking the measurements from the photo * median_caud: length of
 the median caudal fin ray (mm) * caud_D1: length of the first caudal fin
 ray on the dorsal side of the median caudal ray (mm) * caud_D2: length of
 the second caudal fin ray on the dorsal side of the median caudal ray (mm)
 * caud_D3: length of the third caudal fin ray on the dorsal side of the
 median caudal ray (mm) * caud_D4: length of the fourth caudal fin ray on
 the dorsal side of the median caudal ray (mm) * caud_D5: length of the
 fifth caudal fin ray on the dorsal side of the median caudal ray (mm) *
 caud_D6: length of the sixth caudal fin ray on the dorsal side of the
 median caudal ray (mm) * caud_D7: length of the seventh caudal fin ray on
 the dorsal side of the median caudal ray (mm) * caud_A1: length of the
 first caudal fin ray on the anal side of the median caudal ray (mm) *
 caud_A2: length of the second caudal fin ray on the anal side of the
 median caudal ray (mm) * caud_A3: length of the third caudal fin ray on
 the anal side of the median caudal ray (mm) * caud_A4: length of the
 fourth caudal fin ray on the anal side of the median caudal ray (mm) *
 caud_A5: length of the fifth caudal fin ray on the anal side of the median
 caudal ray (mm) * caud_A6: length of the sixth caudal fin ray on the anal
 side of the median caudal ray (mm) * caud_A7: length of the seventh caudal
 fin ray on the anal side of the median caudal ray (mm) * caud_Rnum: number
 of caudal fin rays (i.e., number of branched caudal fin rays plus one
 unbranched ray on the dorsal and ventral side). #### File: Caudal_Area.csv
 **Description:** This file contains data on caudal fin area for each fish.
 Fish are identified by Fish.ID, which allows the values to be merged with
 the other files. Other variables are the Photo.IDs, Sex, Source
 Population, and the caudal fin area. ##### Variables * Fish.ID: A unique
 ID for each fish that allows individual trait means to be merged across
 files * Photo.IDs: An identifier for the photo from which the measurements
 were taken * Sex: Sex of the fish (M or F) * Source: Source population
 (Everglades or Rainbow River) * Measurer: Identifier for the person taking
 the measurements from the photo * Caud_Area: caudal fin area (mm^2) ####
 File: Pect_Pelv_Fin_Traits.csv **Description:** This file contains data on
 pectoral and pelvic fin traits. There are 2 repeated measurements for each
 trait for each individual. This file has the following columns: #####
 Variables * Fish.ID: A unique ID for each fish that allows individual
 trait means to be merged across files * Photo.IDs: An identifier for the
 photo from which the measurements were taken * Measurer: Identifier for
 the person taking the measurements from the photo * Sex: Sex of the fish
 (M or F) * Source: Source population (Everglades or Rainbow River) *
 Pelvic_RNum:  number of pelvic rays * Pelvic_Base: length of the pelvic
 fin base (mm) * Pelvic_Area: pelvic fin area (mm^2) * Pelvic_R1: length of
 the first pelvic ray (mm) * Pelvic_R2: length of the second pelvic ray
 (mm) * Pelvic_R3: length of the third pelvic ray (mm) * Pelvic_R4: length
 of the fourth pelvic ray (mm) * Pelvic_R5: length of the fifth pelvic ray
 (mm) * Pelvic_R6: length of the sixth pelvic ray  (mm) * Pect_RNum: number
 of pectoral fin rays * Pect_Base: length of the pectoral fin base (mm) *
 Pect_Area: pectoral fin area (mm^2) * Pect_R1: length of pectoral ray 1
 (mm) * Pect_R2: length of pectoral ray 2 (mm) * Pect_R3: length of
 pectoral ray 3 (mm) * Pect_R4: length of pectoral ray 4 (mm) * Pect_R5:
 length of pectoral ray 5 (mm) * Pect_R6: length of pectoral ray 6 (mm) *
 Pect_R7: length of pectoral ray 7 (mm) * Pect_R8: length of pectoral ray 8
 (mm) * Pect_R9: length of pectoral ray 9 (mm) * Pect_R10: length of
 pectoral ray 10 (mm) * Pect_R11: length of pectoral ray 11 (mm) *
 Pect_R12: length of pectoral ray 12 (mm) #### File:
 Anal_Dorsal_caudal_base.csv **Description:** This file has data on fin
 area, fin base length, and fin ray lengths for dorsal and anal fins and
 data on caudal fin base length. Fish.ID allows for data to be merged
 across files with other trait data. ##### Variables * Fish.ID: A unique ID
 for each fish that allows individual trait means to be merged across files
 * Photo.IDs: An identifier for the photo from which the measurements were
 taken * Measurer: An identifier for the person who measured the trait *
 Sex: Sex of the fish (M or F) * Source: Source population (Everglades or
 Rainbow River) * BD – body depth (mm) * Dor_RNum – number of dorsal rays *
 Dor_Base – dorsal fin base length (mm) * Dor_Area – dorsal fin area (mm^2)
 * Dor_R1 – dorsal fin ray 1 length (mm) * Dor_R2 – dorsal fin ray 2 length
 (mm) * Dor_R3 – dorsal fin ray 3 length (mm) * Dor_R4 – dorsal fin ray 4
 length (mm) * Dor_R5 – dorsal fin ray 5 length (mm) * Dor_R6 – dorsal fin
 ray 6 length (mm) * Dor_R7 – dorsal fin ray 7 length (mm) * Dor_R8 –
 dorsal fin ray 8 length (mm) * Dor_R9 – dorsal fin ray 9 length (mm) *
 Dor_R10 – dorsal fin ray 10 length (mm) * Dor_R11 – dorsal fin ray 11
 length (mm) * Dor_R12 – dorsal fin ray 12 length (mm) * Anal_RNum – number
 of anal fin rays * Anal_Base – anal fin base length (mm) * Anal_Area –
 anal fin area (mm^2) * Anal_R1 – anal fin ray 1 length (mm) * Anal_R2 –
 anal fin ray 2 length (mm) * Anal_R3 – anal fin ray 3 length (mm) *
 Anal_R4 – anal fin ray 4 length (mm) * Anal_R5 – anal fin ray 5 length
 (mm) * Anal_R6 – anal fin ray 6 length (mm) * Anal_R7 – anal fin ray 7
 length (mm) * Anal_R8 – anal fin ray 8 length (mm) * Anal_R9 – anal fin
 ray 9 length (mm) * Anal_R10 – anal fin ray 10 length (mm) * Anal_R11 –
 anal fin ray 11 length (mm) * Caud_Base – caudal fin base length (mm) ##
 Code/software We used R (ver. 4.5.0) and Rstudio (Version 2025.05.0+496)
 to analyze these data. The code does the following: Reads in data for
 various traits, estimates the repeatability and compiles those estimates
 into a table. Calculates the mean for each trait for each individual and
 combines them into one dataframe that is used for the main analyses.
 Calculates the average fin ray length for dorsal, anal, caudal, pelvic,
 and pectoral fins. Calculates the correlations between the various traits
 and standard length, which is an overall estimate of size. For each trait,
 it performs an analysis of variance to estimate the effects of source
 population and sex on the traits. For each trait, it takes the residuals
 from a regression of trait value on standard length. It then analyzes
 these values in an ANOVA framework and estimates the effect size due to
 sex. It creates graphs shows the effect size due to sex for the major
 traits. It creates graphs showing the patterns due to sex and population
 for standard length and anal and dorsal fin traits. It creates tables
 showing the results from the ANOVAs for the various traits. It creates
 graphs of the size-adjusted fin ray lengths for males and females and
 displays them as a function of fin base length. It calculates the
 coefficients of variation for both absolute and size-adjusted trait
 values. It calculates the correlations between size-adjusted trait values
 for males and females separately.