cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pzgmsbcjs
title: Raw Data of LC-MS on Culex pipiens pallens after selection to three insecticide

description: Abstract Background: Mosquito control based on chemical insecticides is
 considered as an important element of the current global strategies for
 the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, the development of
 insecticide resistance of important vector mosquito species jeopardizes
 the effectiveness of insecticide-based mosquito control. In contrast to
 target site resistance, other mechanisms are far from being fully
 understood. Methods: Global protein profiles among cypermethrin-resistant,
 propoxur-resistant, dimethyl-dichloro-vinyl-phosphate (DDV)-resistant and
 susceptible strain of Culex pipiens pallens were obtained and proteomic
 differences were evaluated by using isobaric tags for relative and
 absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with liquid
 chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Results: A
 susceptible strain of Cx. pipiens pallens showed elevated resistance
 levels to after 25 generations of insecticide selection, through iTRAQ
 data analysis detected 2,502 proteins, of which 1,513 were differentially
 expressed in insecticide-selected strains compared to the susceptible
 strain. Finally, midgut differential protein expression profiles were
 analyzed, and 62 proteins were selected for verification of differential
 expression using iTRAQ and parallel reaction monitoring strategy,
 respectively. Conclusions iTRAQ profiles of adaptation selection to three
 insecticide strains combined with midgut profiles revealed that multiple
 insecticide resistance mechanisms operate simultaneously in resistant
 insects of Cx. pipiens pallens. Significant molecular resources were
 developed for Cx. pipiens pallens, potential candidates were involved in
 metabolic resistance and reducing penetration or sequestering insecticide.
 Future research that is targeted towards RNA interference of the
 identified metabolic targets, such as cuticular proteins, cytochrome
 P450s, glutathione S-transferases and ribosomal proteins proteins and
 biological pathways (drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, metabolism of
 xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome) could
 lay the foundation for a better understanding of the genetic basis of
 insecticide resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens.
description: Raw Data of LC-MS on Culex pipiens pallens after selection to
 three insecticide
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhc3
title: Thermal regime and petrologic metamorphism in Alaska: Implications for subduction interface and wedge earthquakes

description: Characterized by repeated large earthquakes, slow slips, and tectonic
 tremors with their simultaneous release of large amounts of energy, the
 unstable subduction interface beneath Alaska presents a chance to
 understand the composite dynamic transition from deep to shallow
 subduction channel where these enigmatic fault slips and seismic events
 occur. The complex subducted slab morphology associated with the
 frequent occurrence of various types of faulting behaviors in Alaska is
 poorly understood. Our result shows that the subduction of the Pacific
 plate and the subsequent release of large amounts of fluid likely
 contribute to the repeated fast and slow earthquakes there, as evidenced
 by the petrological metamorphic transition in the incoming plate. The
 offshore Alaska seismogenic zone, as well as the slow earthquakes
 identified near the Upper Cook Inlet, compare well with the distribution
 of slab dehydration slivers, including large destructive earthquakes that
 have occurred in Alaska. The fluid upwelling from dewatered oceanic crust
 and the continental wedge serpentinizing is probably related to various
 transportation pathways controlled by dip angle and upwell in the
 predominant direction following the subduction channel or veins in the
 overriding lithosphere.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sm0
title: Deep-diving beaked whales dive together but forage apart

description: Echolocating animals that forage in social groups can potentially benefit
 from eavesdropping on other group members, cooperative foraging or social
 defence, but may also face problems of acoustic interference and
 intra-group competition for prey. Here, we investigated these potential
 trade-offs of sociality for extreme deep-diving Blainville´s and Cuvier’s
 beaked whales. These species perform highly synchronous group dives as a
 presumed predator-avoidance behaviour but the benefits and costs of this
 on foraging have not been investigated. We showed that group members could
 hear their companions for a median of at least 91% of the vocal foraging
 phase of their dives. This enabled whales to coordinate their mean travel
 direction despite differing individual headings as they pursued prey on a
 minute-by-minute basis. While beaked whales coordinated their
 echolocation-based foraging periods tightly, individual click and buzz
 rates were both independent of the number of whales in the group. Thus,
 their foraging performance was not affected by intra-group competition or
 interference from group members, and they did not seem to capitalize
 directly on eavesdropping on the echoes produced by the echolocation
 clicks of their companions. We concluded that the close diving and vocal
 synchronization of beaked whale groups which quantitatively reduces
 predation risk has little impact on foraging performance.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8gtht76nk
title: Hemipteran defensive odors trigger predictable color biases in jumping spider predators

description: Multimodal warning displays often pair one signal modality (odor) with a
 second modality (color) to avoid predation. Experiments with bird
 predators suggest these signal components interact synergistically, with
 aversive odors triggering otherwise hidden aversions to particular prey
 colors. In a recent study, this phenomenon was found in a jumping spider
 (Habronattus trimaculatus), with the defensive odor from a coreid bug
 (Acanthocephala femorata) triggering an aversion to red. Here, we explore
 how generalizable this phenomenon is by giving H. trimaculatus the choice
 between red or black prey in the presence or absence of defensive odors
 secreted from (1) eastern leaf-footed bugs (Leptoglossus phyllopus,
 Hemiptera), (2) grass stinkbugs (Mormidea pama, Hemiptera), (3) Asian
 ladybird beetles (Harmonia axyridis, Coleoptera), and (4) eastern lubber
 grasshoppers (Romalea microptera, Orthoptera). As expected, in the
 presence of the hemipteran odors, spiders were less likely to attack red
 prey (compared to no odor). Unexpectedly, the beetle and grasshopper odors
 did not bias spiders away from red. Our results with the hemipteran odors
 were unique to red; follow-up experiments indicated that these odors did
 not affect biases for/against green prey. We discuss our findings in the
 context of generalized predator foraging behavior and the functions of
 multimodal warning displays. 
description: The attached excel file provides data for "Hemipteran
 defensive odors trigger predictable color biases in jumping spider
 predators". This excel file uses four separate worksheets labeled for
 each experiment. Each experiment corresponds to one of four odors obtained
 from a chemically-defended insect (Experiment 1: <em>Leptoglossus
 phyllopus</em>; Experiment 2: <em>Mormidea pama</em>;
 Experiment 3: <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>; Experiment 4:
 <em>Romalea microptera</em>) which are located on color coded
 worksheets (as seen at the bottom of the file). We
 recorded the following data points for all four experiments which are
 separated and defined by the following column headers: spider ID; sex
 (male or female) and stage (adult or juvenile); size (body length
 estimated in mm); either red or green (color of termites paired with black
 termites during choice tests); treatment (control = odor absent; odor =
 odor present from a chemically-defended insect); exit vial time (seconds);
 orientation time (seconds); orientation color (the color of termite the
 spider first oriented to); attack time (seconds); evaluation time (the
 difference between time to orient and an attack measured in seconds);
 attack color (color of termite attacked).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h493
title: Data from: Machine learning improves predictions of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from intensively managed cropping systems

description: The potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is accumulating in the
 atmosphere at unprecedented rates largely due to agricultural
 intensification, and cultivated soils contribute ~60% of the agricultural
 flux. Empirical models of N2O fluxes for intensively managed cropping
 systems are confounded by highly variable fluxes and limited geographic
 coverage; process-based biogeochemical models are rarely able to predict
 daily to monthly emissions with &gt; 20% accuracy even with
 site-specific calibration. Here we show the promise for machine learning
 (ML) to significantly improve field-level flux predictions, especially
 when coupled with a cropping systems model to simulate unmeasured soil
 parameters. We used sub-daily N2O flux data from six years of automated
 flux chambers installed in a continuous corn rotation at a site in the
 upper U.S. Midwest (~3000 sub-daily flux observations), supplemented with
 weekly to biweekly manual chamber measurements (~1100 daily fluxes), to
 train an ML model that explained 65-89% of daily flux variance with very
 few input variables –soil moisture, days after fertilization, soil
 texture, air temperature, soil carbon, precipitation, and N fertilizer
 rate. When applied to a long-term test site not used to train the model,
 the model explained 38% of the variation observed in weekly to biweekly
 manual chamber measurements from corn, and 51% upon coupling the ML model
 with a cropping systems model that predicted daily soil N availability.
 This represents a 2-3 times improvement over conventional process-based
 models and with substantially fewer input requirements. This coupled
 approach offers promise for better predictions of agricultural N2O
 emissions and thus more precise global models and more effective
 agricultural mitigation interventions.
description: Readme included in data .xlsx file.
DOI: 10.5068/d1xd43
title: Male-like female morphs in hummingbirds: the evolution of a widespread sex-limited plumage polymorphism

description: Differences in the way males and females look or behave are common in
 animals. However, discrete variation within sexes (sex-limited
 polymorphism) also occurs in several vertebrate and invertebrate lineages.
 In birds, female-limited polymorphism (FLP) in which some females resemble
 males in coloration is most prominent in hummingbirds, a group known for
 its morphological and behavioural sexual dimorphism. Yet, it remains
 unclear whether this intrasexual colour variation in hummingbirds arises
 through direct selection on females, or indirectly as a non-adaptive
 byproduct resulting from selection on males. Here, we analysed specimens
 from more than 300 hummingbird species to determine the extent,
 evolutionary history and function of FLP. We found that FLP evolved
 independently in every major clade and occurs in nearly 25% of hummingbird
 species. Using phylogenetically informed analyses, we rejected
 non-adaptive hypotheses that FLP is the result of indirect selection or
 pleiotropy across species. Instead, FLP is associated with ecology,
 migratory status, and marginally with social dominance, suggesting a
 socioecological benefit to females. Ultimately, we show that FLP is not
 only widespread in hummingbirds and likely adaptive, but may also be
 useful for understanding the evolution of female ornamentation in systems
 under strong sexual selection.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zw3r22873
title: Data from: Takeoff diversity in Diptera

description: The order Diptera (true flies) are named for their two wings because their
 hindwings have evolved into specialized mechanosensory organs called
 halteres. Flies use halteres to detect body rotations and maintain
 stability during flight and other behaviors. The most recently diverged
 dipteran monophyletic subsection, the Calyptratae, is highly successful,
 accounting for ~12% of dipteran diversity and includes common families
 like house flies. These flies move their halteres independently from their
 wings and oscillate their halteres during walking. Here, we demonstrate
 that this subsection of flies uses their halteres to stabilize their
 bodies during takeoff, whereas non-­­­­Calyptratae flies do not. We find
 that flies of the Calyptratae are able to take off more rapidly than
 non-Calyptratae flies without sacrificing stability. Haltere removal
 decreased both velocity and stability in the takeoffs of Calyptratae, but
 not other flies. The loss of takeoff velocity following haltere removal in
 Calyptratae (but not other flies) is a direct result of a decrease in leg
 extension speed.  A closely-related non-Calyptratae species (D.
 melanogaster) also has a rapid takeoff, but takeoff duration and stability
 are unaffected by haltere removal. Haltere use thus allows for greater
 speed and stability during fast escapes, but only in the Calyptratae
 clade.
description: A high-speed camera (Fastec Imaging, San Diego, CA, USA) captured
 tethered and freely-behaving flies at 1000-3000 frames per second.
 Positions of wings, halteres, head, abdomen, and center of mass were
 digitized using DLT<sub>DATAVIEWER.</sub>
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sff6
title: Genetic structure in populations of Euterpe precatoria Mart. in the Brazilian Amazon

description: Euterpe precatoria is a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family,
 occurring in Western and Central Brazilian Amazonia Its fruit, which is
 very appreciated in the Amazon region, produces pulp that is consumed in
 fresh form. Its production is carried out almost exclusively by extractive
 farmers. In order to establish adequate strategies to sustain this genetic
 resource. We need knowledge about its diversity and genetic structure in
 natural populations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of
 geographic distance on genetic structure in the main extractive
 populations of E. precatoria in the Brazilian Amazon. Leaves from 377
 plants were collected in 19 populations located in 16 municipalities in
 the State of Amazonas and three in the State of Rondônia. Twelve
 microsatellite loci were used to genotype the plants. The diversity and
 genetic structure among populations were estimated. The average number of
 alleles per locus was 5.97. The observed heterozygosity means (HO) were
 higher than expected (HE) at the population level (HO = 0.72, HE = 0.66)
 and fixation index (f = -0.100) was negative. The FST value (0.1820) and
 the AMOVA results (17.961) showed population structure. The populations
 were clustered into three groups (K = 3) in Bayesian analysis. The
 Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) confirmed eight
 clusters, with the populations close to those identified by the Bayesian
 analysis. The geographic differentiation was confirmed by the groupings
 obtained in the analyses by the Structure program and the DACP function.
 Information related to phenotypic, genetic and environmental
 characterization of populations is important to guide conservation and
 management strategies and the formulation of public species management
 policies in Amazonian.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.280gb5mp2
title: Abundance of Montane Salamanders over an elevational gradient

description: Climate change is expected to systematically alter the distribution and
 population dynamics of species around the world. The effects are expected
 to be particularly strong at high latitudes and elevations, and for
 ectothermic species with small ranges and limited movement potential, such
 as salamanders in the southern Appalachian Mountains. In this study, we
 sought to establish baseline abundance estimates for plethodontid
 salamanders (family: Plethodontidae) over an elevational gradient in Great
 Smoky Mountains National Park. In addition to generating these baseline
 data for multiple species, we describe methods for surveying salamanders
 that allow for meaningful comparisons over time by separating observation
 and ecological processes generating the data. We found that Plethodon
 jordani had a mid-elevation peak (1500 m) in abundance and Desmognathus
 wrighti increased in abundance with elevation up to the highest areas of
 the park (2025 m), whereas Eurycea wilderae increased in abundance up to
 1600 m and then plateaued with increasing uncertainty. Litter depth,
 herbaceous ground cover, and proximity to stream were also important
 predictors of abundance (dependent upon species), whereas daily
 temperature, precipitation, ground cover, and humidity influenced
 detection rates. Our data provide some of the first minimally biased
 information for future studies to assess changes in the abundance and
 distribution of salamanders in this region. Understanding abundance
 patterns along with detailed baseline distributions will be critical for
 comparisons with future surveys to understand the population and
 community-level effects of climate change on montane salamanders.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vdncjsxst
title: Biogeography of telomere dynamics in a vertebrate - Datasets S1

description: Telomere length variation has been implicated in processes of ecological
 and evolutionary importance in a wide range of organisms. However, while
 the temporal component of this variation has been the subject of much
 research, we do not know yet whether a spatial component exists within
 species in telomere dynamics. Here, we investigated for the first time
 whether the biogeographic history of populations, a key driver of
 eco-evolutionary processes, can influence telomere dynamics. Based on a
 one-year longitudinal common-garden experiment in a tree frog species we
 found that co-specific populations can show striking differences in
 telomere dynamics, not explained by distinct environmental conditions
 experienced by individuals through time. Indeed, the populations did not
 differ in telomere length at the beginning of the study, yet they did
 after one year under standard conditions. We observed stability of
 telomere length over time within historically stable populations, but
 remarkable elongation (31.2% on average) within populations arisen during
 a recent range expansion. Our results suggest the intriguing scenario that
 non-equilibrium processes, such as range expansions, might promote
 plasticity in the molecular machinery regulating telomere dynamics.
DOI: 10.25338/b8s62f
title: The effect of locomotion mode on body shape evolution in teleost fishes

description: Teleost fishes vary in their reliance on median and paired fins (MPF) or
 undulation of the body (BCF) to generate thrust during straight-line,
 steady swimming. Previous work indicates that swimming mode is associated
 with different body shapes, though this has never been empirically
 demonstrated across the diversity of fishes. As the body does not play as
 active a mechanical role in steady swimming by MPF swimmers, this may
 relax constraints and spur higher rates of body shape diversification. We
 test these predictions by measuring the impact of the dominant steady
 swimming mode on the evolution of body shape across 2,295 marine teleost
 fishes. Aligning with historical expectations, BCF swimmers exhibit a more
 elongate, slender body shape, while MPF propulsion is associated with
 deeper and wider body shapes. However, in contrast to expectations, we
 find that BCF propulsion is associated with higher morphological diversity
 and greater variance around trait optima. This surprising result is
 consistent with the interpretation that stronger functional trade-offs
 stimulate phenotypic evolution, rather than constrain it.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xww
title: Identification of a Resting Bold Connectome Associated with Cognitive Reserve - Data and code archive

description: The concept of cognitive reserve proposes that specific life experiences
 result in more flexible or resilient cognitive processing that allows some
 people to cope better than others with age- or disease-related brain
 changes. Imaging studies seeking to understand the neural implementation
 of cognitive reserve have most often used task-related fMRI studies. Using
 that approach, we recently described a task-invariant cognitive reserve
 network whose expression correlated with IQ and that moderated between
 cortical thickness and cognitive performance. Here we sought to identify a
 pattern of resting BOLD connectivity related to cognitive reserve. We
 identified a connectome pattern whose connectivity correlated with IQ both
 the derivation sample and a separate replication sample. The majority of
 the edges showing positive relationships with IQ implicate frontal
 regions. In the derivation sample, connectivity either moderated the
 relationship between mean cortical thickness and a set of cognitive
 outcomes or accounted for unique variance in cognitive performance after
 accounting for cortical thickness. In a replication sample we found that
 expression of this connectome accounted for unique variance in cognitive
 performance beyond cortical thickness. Our findings represent an
 intermediate level of replication  and are very unlikely to have
 arisen purely by type-I error. This connectivity pattern therefore meets
 our theoretical criteria for a cognitive reserve-related network. In
 addition to providing insight into the neural implementation of cognitive
 reserve, expression of this connectome could potentially be used as a
 direct measure of cognitive reserve, and as an outcome measure for
 intervention studies that seek to influence cognitive reserve.
description: Pre-processing and analysis steps can be found with detailed
 explanation in the published manuscript
description: Variables are explained in detail in accompanying manual 
 (README.docx) . The source code in matlab is annotated in the *.m files;
 all data are stores in  *.mat files Sample use of the source code has been
 provided in the accompanying manual  (README.docx)
 Contents: Manual explaining all variables and
 several analysis streams:    README.docx 3 Matlab data
 archives:                                                               
 NKI_data.mat, CUMC_data.mat, and CUMC_results.mat
 Several  *.m files, including derivation of a
 functional-connectivity pattern, performing LOOCV and bootstrap
 estimation; brain-behavioral analysis to generate tables 3 and 4 in the
 manuscript; and code to generate figure 2 in the manuscript.