cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bvmrem
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4474 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-10000.0",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-125.98725 28.49317,-61.37518 28.49317,-61.37518 48.87026,-125.98725 48.87026,-125.98725 28.49317))",
 "TaxonKey is Bromus tectorum L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4474 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011391-250310093411724/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34973/5q38-we21
title: Multiple choice woorden leren

description: This collection contains the data of adult native speakers of Dutch who learned orthographically and semantically similar pseudowords in a multiple-choice learning task, as well as materials pertaining to the study. Half of the learners contrasted similar words, the other half did not. Contrasting occurred in the second (pseudo)language (Experiment 1) or the first language (Experiment 2). The full description of the study can be found in the associated article.
DOI: 10.34973/a8e4-t730
title: Prevention is better than cure: effects of errors on memory performance during spatial learning in healthy aging

description: Background: Healthy aging is accompanied by a decline in learning ability and memory capacity. One widely-studied method to improve learning outcome is by reducing the occurrence of errors during learning (errorless learning; EL). However, there is also evidence that committing errors during learning (trial-and-error learning; TEL) may benefit memory performance. We argue that these inconsistent findings could be driven by a lack of control over the error frequency in traditional EL and TEL paradigms.

Aim: This study employed a spatial learning task to study EL and TEL and to determine the impact of error frequency on memory recall in healthy older adults (OA; N = 68) and young adults (YA; N = 60).

Method: Four groups of participants (YA-EL, YA-TEL, OA-EL, OA-TEL) were instructed to first place and memorize the locations of everyday objects in a chest of drawers presented on a computer screen, and in whom memory recall performance was later tested. In the TEL condition, the amount of errors made before the correct drawer was 'found' was predetermined, varying from 0 to 5. During the EL condition, every first attempt was correct (i.e., no errors were made).

Results: We found better overall performance in YA compared to OA and a beneficial effect of EL in both age groups. However, the amount of errors committed during learning did not influence accuracy of memory recall.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that elimination of errors during learning can benefit memory performance in both YA and OA compared to TEL.
DOI: 10.34973/vh63-k490
title: Pupil dilation reflects effortful action invigoration in overcoming aversive Pavlovian biases

description: “Pavlovian” or “motivational” biases describe the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action, while punishment prospect suppresses it. The adaptive role of these biases in action selection is still unclear. One idea is that these biases constitute a fast-and-frugal decision strategy in situations characterized by novelty, surprise, and threat, e.g., in presence of a predator, which demand a quick response. In this pre-registered study (N = 35), we tested whether such a threatening situation—induced via subliminally presented angry vs. neutral faces—lead to increased reliance on Pavlovian biases. Also, we measured trial-by-trial arousal by tracking pupil diameter while participants performed an orthogonalized Motivational Go/NoGo Task. Pavlovian biases were present in responses, reaction times, and even gaze, with lower gaze dispersion under aversive cues, indicative of “freezing of gaze”. The subliminally presented faces did not affect responses, nor reaction times, nor pupil diameter, questioning the effectiveness of this manipulation. However, pupil dilations encoded the task demands, with stronger dilations for Go responses particularly for aversive cues, potentially reflecting the process of learning to recruit effort to overcome aversive inhibition. Taken together, these results point at pupil diameter reflecting effortful action invigoration to overcome freezing induced by aversive cues—a facet of cognitive control unique to the employed task. We discuss our results in the context of noradrenaline and effort expenditure, but also in light of the “value of work” theory of striatal dopamine and the role of basal ganglia pathways in invigorating and suppressing movements.
DOI: 10.34973/74t0-w530
title: Predictive steering: Integration of artificial motor signals in self-motion estimation

description: The brain’s computations for active and passive self-motion estimation can be unified with a single model that optimally combines vestibular and visual signals with sensory predictions based on efference copies. It is unknown whether this theoretical framework also applies to the integration of artificial motor signals, like those that occur when driving a car, or whether self-motion estimation in this situation relies on sole feedback control. Here, we examined if training humans to control a self-motion platform leads to the construction of an accurate internal model of the mapping between the steering movement and the vestibular reafference. Participants (n=15) sat on a linear motion platform and actively controlled the platform’s velocity using a steering wheel to translate their body to a memorized visual target (Motion condition). We compared their steering behavior to that of participants (n=15) who remained stationary and instead aligned a non-visible line with the target (Stationary condition). To probe learning, the gain between the steering wheel angle and the platform or line velocity changed abruptly twice during the experiment. These gain changes were virtually undetectable in the displacement error in the Motion condition, whereas clear deviations were observed in the Stationary condition, showing that participants in the Motion condition made within-trial changes to their steering behavior. We conclude that vestibular feedback allows not only the online control of steering, but also a rapid adaptation to the gain changes in order to update the brain’s internal model of the mapping between the steering movement and the vestibular reafference.
DOI: 10.34973/npp3-q553
title: Learning capacity in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: The role of feedback during learning on memory performance

description: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a decline in episodic memory and executive functioning, hampering learning ability. Insight into outcome-based learning capacity may be relevant for optimizing the learning potential of these patients. To date, mixed results have been found in studies in which cognitively impaired participants have to learn based on positive and negative outcomes. In this study, we investigated the role of negative and positive feedback on memory performance and participants’ ability to adjust their behavior accordingly in a sample of 23 early-stage AD patients and 23 matched healthy controls. We administered a novel computerized object-location memory task, in which participants were instructed to learn and memorize the locations of different everyday objects following errorless learning (EL) and trial-and-error learning (TEL). A separate probabilistic TEL task was employed in which participants had to learn how to adjust their behavior based on positive and negative feedback. EL had a beneficial general effect on memory performance for object locations. However, this effect was not larger in early-stage AD patients compared to controls and error frequency during acquisition of object locations was unrelated to later recall performance. No group differences in learning performance were found for the probabilistic learning task. Although the error monitoring system seems intact in patients with early-stage AD, errors during learning are likely acting as a source of interference causing difficulty in storage or retrieval of object locations.
DOI: 10.34973/fcb1-ak66
title: Errorless and trial-and-error learning of object locations in patients with executive deficits after brain injury

description: Studies investigating the efficacy of errorless learning (EL), a rehabilitation method in which the occurrence of errors during learning are eliminated, have predominantly involved patients with memory impairment. However, the most recent perspective on the underlying mechanism of EL explicitly takes executive processes into account. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EL of object locations is beneficial for memory performance compared to trial-and-error learning (TEL) in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) experiencing executive deficits (N = 15) and matched healthy controls (N = 15). Participants completed an EL and TEL condition of a computerized spatial learning task, in which the location of everyday objects had to be memorized. The number of errors made during learning was predetermined, varying from 0 (EL condition) to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 errors (TEL condition). Results showed a beneficial effect of EL on memory performance in both ABI patients and controls (p < .001), but this advantage was not larger in ABI patients compared to controls and was not moderated by the amount of errors made during learning.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9g8gze
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 28 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Eumerus narcissi Smith, 1928",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 28 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011393-250310093411724/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34973/hskr-3j38
title: Predictive motor activation: Modulated by expectancy or predictability?

description: Predicting actions is a fundamental ability that helps us to comprehend what is happening in our environment and to interact with others. The motor system was previously identified as source of action predictions. Yet, which aspect of the statistical likelihood of upcoming actions the motor system is sensitive to remains an open question. This EEG study investigated how regularities in observed actions are reflected in the motor system and utilized to predict upcoming actions. Prior to measuring EEG, participants watched videos of action sequences with different transitional probabilities at home. After training, participants’ brain activity over motor areas was measured using EEG while watching videos of action sequences with the same statistical structure. Focusing on the mu and beta frequency bands we tested whether activity of the motor system reflects the statistical likelihood of upcoming actions. We also explored two distinct aspects of the statistical structure that reflect different prediction processes, expectancy and predictability. Expectancy reflects participants’ expectation of the most likely action minimizing the cognitive load to the expense of the prediction’s flexibility. On the other hand, predictability, represents all possible actions and their relative probabilities maximizing the flexibility of the prediction at the expenses of a higher cognitive load. Results revealed that mu and beta play different roles during action prediction. While the mu rhythm reflected anticipatory activity without any link to the statistical structure, the beta rhythm was related to the expectancy of an action. Our findings support theories proposing that the motor system underlies action prediction, and they extend such theories by showing that multiple forms of statistical information are extracted when observing action sequences. This information is integrated in the prediction generated by the neural motor system of which action is going to happen next.
DOI: 10.34973/rxkv-zv08
title: Placebo analgesia induced by verbal suggestion in the context of experimentally induced fear and anxiety

description: The role of state anxiety and state fear in placebo effects is still to be determined. We aimed to investigate the effect of fear of movement-related pain (FMRP) and contextual pain related anxiety (CPRA) on the magnitude of placebo analgesia induced by verbal suggestion. Fifty-six female participants completed a modified voluntary joystick movement paradigm (VJMP) where half participated in a predictable pain condition (PC), in which one of the joystick movements is always followed by pain and the other movement is never followed by pain, and half in an unpredictable pain condition (UC), in which pain was delivered unpredictably. By varying the level of pain predictability, FMRP and CPRA were induced in PC and UC respectively. Colour stimuli were presented at the beginning of each trail. Half of the participants was verbally informed that the green or red colour indicated less painful stimuli (experimental groups), the other half did not receive any suggestion (control groups). We measured self-reported pain intensity, expectancy of pain intensity (PC only), pain related fear and anxiety (eyeblink startle response and self-ratings) and avoidance behaviour (movement-onset latency and duration). The results indicate that the placebo effect was successfully induced in both experimental conditions. In the PC, the placebo effect was predicted by expectancy. Despite the fact that FMRP and CPRA were successfully induced, no difference was found in the magnitude of the placebo effect between PC and UC. Concluding, we did not find a divergent effect of fear and anxiety on placebo analgesia.
DOI: 10.34973/y3kc-fk40
title: High stakes slow responding but do not alter Pavlovian bias

description: In this collection, you can find 
(1) analysis code (R files for regression models in lme4 and computational models in rstan), 
(2) data (behavioural data files, questionnaire data),
(3) results (output files from computational reinforcement-learning drift-diffusion models fitted with rstan in R), and
(4) task code (in Python/ Psychopy) 
for the publication 
Algermissen, Johannes, and Hanneke EM den Ouden. "High stakes slow responding, but do not help overcome Pavlovian biases in humans."

Abstract:
“Pavlovian” or “motivational” biases are the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action, while punishment prospect suppresses it. While effects of the valence of prospective outcomes are well established, it is unclear how the magnitude of outcomes modulates these biases. In this pre-registered study (N = 55), we manipulated stake magnitude (high vs. low) in an orthogonalized Motivational Go/ NoGo Task. We tested whether higher stakes (a) strengthen biases or (b) elicit cognitive control recruitment, enhancing the suppression of biases in motivationally incongruent conditions. Confirmatory tests yielded that high stakes slowed down responses independently of the Pavlovian biases, especially in motivationally incongruent conditions, without affecting response selection. Reinforcement-learning drift-diffusion models (RL-DDMs) fit to the data suggested that this effect was best captured by stakes prolonging the non-decision time, but not affecting the response threshold as in typical speed-accuracy tradeoffs. In sum, these results suggest that high stakes result in a slowing-down of the decision process without affecting the expression of Pavlovian biases in behavior. We speculate that this slowing under high stakes might reflect heightened cognitive control, which is however ineffectively used, or reflect positive conditioned suppression, i.e., the suppression of locomotion by high-value immanent rewards, as phenomenon previously observed in rodents that might also exist in humans. Pavlovian biases and slowing under high stakes seem to arise in parallel to each other.
DOI: 10.34973/6ats-e232
title: Multimodal Word Sorting Experiment

description: Data collected for an experiment extending the multi-arrangement method for collecting similarity judgements to the orthographic and phonological modalities.
Ansteeg L, Leoné F and Dijkstra T (2022) Characterizing the semantic and form-based similarity spaces of the mental lexicon by means of the
multi-arrangement method. Front. Psychol. 13:945094. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945094
DOI: 10.34973/73bz-m140
title: Changes of mind in decision making

description: Preprocessed data & code belonging to the paper "Muscular reflex gains reflect changes of mind in reaching"

In folder Data:
- For each participant, 
1. Participantxx_analysed.mat: A preprocessed MATLAB data file containing experimental parameters, behavioral responses, reach trajectories, and preprocessed and trial-cut EMG data.
2. Participantxx_modelfit.mat: The parameters that came from the model fitting procedure, as well as the cost (negative log likelihood) that this fit had.
3. Participantxx_startparams.mat: The eye-balled starting parameters used for the fitting procedure.

- RTable.csv: A table containing all participants' single-trial coherence, viewing duration, chosen target, reflex magnitudes and computed DVs. Meant to be read into R for statistical analysis.

In folder Code:
- S3_ModelFit.m and a function it depends on SimulatedForwardSim_CoMBias_6p.m: code used to fit our drift diffusion model to each participants behavior, loads behavioral data and starting parameters and runs the optimization.
- S4_GrandAverageBehaviour.m and a function it depends on ComputePRight.m: code used to generate figure 4, reads in individual participant behavioral data & model fit parameters, calculates the model predictions for each participants, computes a grand average of data & model predictions and creates the plot.
- S4_GrandAverageReflexes.m: code used to generate figure 5, reads in individual participant reflex data, normalizes it over participants, calculates a grand average & s.e.m. and creates the plot.
- S5_relateDVReflex.m and a function it depends on ComputeDV: code used to generate figure 6 & 7, loads reflex activity and model fit parameters and determines DV and normalized reflex magnitude on each trial before plotting their relationship. Saves these values for the ROC analysis later.
- S6_ROCAnalysis.m: code used to generate figure 8, runs ROC analysis and performs t-test to compare the area under the curve to 0.5.

- CoM_LMM.R: R code containing the LMM we used for statistical testing of the effect of evidence on the reflex magnitude.

NB. Please be aware that the model fits in the figures you create using this code might differ slightly from those in the paper due to the simulated runs in the model fitting procedure.
DOI: 10.34973/e573-ab58
title: Adults do not distinguish action intentions based on movement kinematics presented in naturalistic settings

description: Predicting others’ actions is an essential part of acting in the social world. Action kinematics have been proposed to be a cue about others’ intentions. It is still an open question whether adults can use the kinematic information in naturalistic settings, when presented as a part of a richer visual scene than previously examined. We investigated adults’ intention perception from kinematics in naturalistic stimuli in two experiments. In experiment 1, thirty participants watched grasp-to-drink and grasp-to-place movements and identified the movement intention (to drink or to place), whilst their mouth-opening muscle activity was measured with electromyography (EMG) to examine participants’ motor simulation of the observed actions. We found anecdotal evidence that participants could correctly identify the intentions from the action kinematics, although we found no evidence for increased activation of their mylohyoid muscle during the observation of grasp-to-drink compared to grasp-to-place actions. In pre-registered experiment 2, fifty participants completed the same task online. With the increased statistical power, we found strong evidence that participants were not able to discriminate intentions based on movement kinematics. Together, our findings suggest that the role of action kinematics in intention perception is more complex than previously assumed. Although previous research indicates that under certain circumstances observers can perceive and act upon intention-specific kinematic information, perceptual differences in everyday scenes or the observers’ ability to use kinematic information in more naturalistic scenes seems limited.
DOI: 10.34973/9kng-2p34
title: Structure and knowledge effects on amodal completion

description: This dataset was procured as a part of the research project entitled "Structure and Knowledge Effects on Amodal Completion," conducted between the years 2021 and 2022. The central objective of this project was to delve into the interplay between low-level structural phenomena (e.g., linear interpolation) and high-level cognitive factors (e.g., familiarity) within the context of amodal completion. This investigation was executed by employing a state-of-the-art fMRI repetition suppression paradigm in conjunction with the examination of naturalistic objects that were partially occluded.

More specifically, the study explored the extent to which distinct cortical visual regions, such as the early visual cortex and the lateral occipital complex (LOC), were implicated in the process of amodal completion. The dataset comprises data from 34 subjects, each of whom participated in the main task, an LOC localizer task, and a retinotopy run. In addition to the fMRI data, eye tracking data was collected.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.k8zqxr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 115 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mongolia",
 "Geometry POLYGON((50.71280 24.99390,153.28720 24.99390,153.28720 66.00610,50.71280 66.00610,50.71280 24.99390))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Asterothamnus Novopokr."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 115 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011394-250310093411724/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.grttm7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 1515 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mexico",
 "GadmGid is MEX.31_1",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Fungi"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 1515 records were derived from 25 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011392-250310093411724/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.