DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8jw
title: Data from: Sex-specific manipulation of sexually cannibalistic mantid mating behavior by hairworms

description: Changes in the morphology, physiology and behavior of parasitized
 organisms provide an ideal opportunity to examine the extended phenotype
 of parasites. Since the quality of the host directly affects the fitness
 of the parasite, parasites may increase their fitness by manipulating
 phenotypes of low-quality hosts. Males are usually preyed on by females in
 sexual cannibalism. Thus, the males of sexually cannibalistic species are
 unsafe and low-quality hosts for parasites, while females may be
 beneficial hosts because of the chance of nutrient intake from
 cannibalized males. Under passive modes of transmission, parasites cannot
 choose the host sex. Such parasites exploiting sexually cannibalistic
 organisms are subjected to contrasting fitness effects and may evolve to
 manipulate host mating behavior in a sex-specific manner: decreasing male
 mating to avoid cannibalism and promoting female mating to engage in
 cannibalism. We examined this hypothesis by a behavioral experiment using
 a mantid-hairworm system. Parasitized male mantids (Tenodera
 angustipennis) changed their behavior as expected, exhibiting increased
 escapes and decreased courtships and mountings, potentially avoiding
 encounters with the female. Interestingly, male attack behavior was
 promoted, possibly decreasing contact with the encountered female.
 However, contrary to our prediction, parasitized females also exhibited
 decreased propensities of mating, suggesting costs or little benefits of
 host mating for parasites in the female host. This study provides novel
 insights into the evolution of parasite strategies in response to sexual
 differences in host quality.
description: # Data from: Sex-specific manipulation of sexually cannibalistic mantid
 mating behavior by hairworms
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8jw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8jw) ## Description of the data and file structure The results of mating experiment using a mantid-hairworm system (mating_experiment.csv) ### Files and variables #### File: mating\_experiment.csv **Description:** Behavioral data in mating experiment. ##### Variables year: Year of conducting experiment. m_size: Pronotum length of the male (mm). f_size: Pronotum length of the female (mm). m_inf: Parasitism of the male (1 = infected, 0 = not infected). f_inf: Parasitism of the female (1 = infected, 0 = not infected). m_load: Total dry weight of hairworms in the male (g). f_load: Total dry weight of hairworms in the female (g). obs_time: Total observation time (min). n_m_abd_bend: Total number of male horizontal abdominal bendings. lat_m_abd bend: Latency to the first male horizontal abdominal bending (min). lat_m_abd bend_cens: Whether observation in latency to the first male horizontal abdominal bending was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). m_attack: Occurrence of male attack (1 = attacked, 0 = not attacked). lat_m_attack: Latency to the first male attack to female (min). lat_m_attack_cens: Whether observation in latency to the first male attack was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). m_attack_bef_f_esc: Occurrence of male attack before female escape (1 = attacked, 0 = not attacked). m_esc: Occurrence of male escape (1 = escaped, 0 = not escaped). lat_m_esc: Latency to male escape (min). lat_m_esc_cens: Whether observation in latency to male escape was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). mount: Occurrence of male mounting (1 = mounted, 0 = not mounted). lat_mount: Latency to male mounting (min). lat_mount_cens: Whether observation in latency to male mount was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). f_abd_bend: Occurrence of female vertical abdominal bendings (1 = bended, 0 = not bended). lat_f_abd_bend: Latency to the first female vertical abdominal bending (min). lat_f_abd_bend_cens: Whether observation in latency to the first female vertical abdominal bending was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). f_attack: Occurrence of female attack (1 = attacked, 0 = not attacked). lat_f_attack: Latency to the first attack to male by the female (min). lat_f_attack_cens: Whether observation in latency to female attack was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). f_attack_bef_m_esc: Occurrence of female attack before male escape (1 = attacked, 0 = not attacked). f_esc: Occurrence of female escape (1 = escaped, 0 = not escaped). lat_f_esc: Latency to female escape (min). lat_f_esc_cens: Whether observation in latency to female escape was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no). cannibal: Occurrence of sexual cannibalism (1 = cannibalized, 0 = not cannibalized). lat_cannibal: Latency to sexual cannibalism (min). lat_cannibal_cens: Whether observation in latency to cannibalism was censored (1 = yes, 0 = no).