cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945011.v1
title: Central nervous system infection: imaging findings suggestive of a fungus as the cause

description: Abstract Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare. However, because of the increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, they have been gaining prominence in the differential diagnosis of CNS infections. Imaging techniques are sensitive for detecting and localizing an abnormality, in many cases allowing the origin of a lesion to be categorized as infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or vascular. This essay illustrates the magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings of the most common fungal infections of the CNS, based on the experience of the Radiology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6550910
title: Data from: Empirical estimation of skin resistance to water loss in amphibians: agar evaluation as a non-resistance model to evaporation

description: Total resistance (R<sub>T</sub>) to evaporative water loss (EWL) in amphibians is given by the sum of the boundary layer (<em>r</em><sub>b</sub>) and the skin resistance (<em>r</em><sub>s</sub>). Thus, <em>r</em><sub>s</sub> can be determined if the <em>r</em><sub>b</sub> component is defined (<em>r</em><sub>s</sub> = R<sub>T</sub> - <em>r</em><sub>b</sub>). The use of agar models has become the standard technique to estimate <em>r</em><sub>b</sub> under the assumption that agar surface imposes no barrier to evaporation (<em>r<sub>s</sub></em> = 0). We evaluated this assumption by determining EWL rates and <em>r</em><sub>b</sub> values from exposed surfaces of free water, a physiological solution mimicking the osmotic properties of a generalized amphibian, and agar gels prepared at various concentrations either using water or physiological solution as diluent. Water evaporation was affected by both, the presence of solutes and agar concentration. Models prepared with agar at 5% concentration in water provided the most practical and appropriate proxy for the estimation of <em>r</em><sub>b</sub>.
description: DATA AND FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: "EWL_RT_petri_models.csv" EWL and RT from petri dish models Rowdata of evaporative water loss rates (EWL) and the total resistance to evaporation (RT) obtained from exposed surfaces (petri dishes) of free water, a physiological solution (NaCl) mimicking the osmotic properties of a generalized amphibian body fluids, and agar gels prepared at various concentrations using water or physiological solution as diluent. "rb_simulations.r" Relative error simulations R-code to run simulations over a range of hypothetical skin resistance (rs) values to evaluate the impact of potential errors in the determination of the boundary layer resistance due to differences in agar content. "README.txt" General data information FUNDING SOURCES THAT SUPPORTED THE COLLECTION OF DATA São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP (Brazil) The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (Brazil) The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES (Brazil)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5797048
title: Data from: Empirical estimation of skin resistance to water loss in amphibians: agar evaluation as a non-resistance model to evaporation

description: Total resistance (R<sub>T</sub>) to evaporative water loss (EWL) in amphibians is given by the sum of the boundary layer (<em>r</em><sub>b</sub>) and the skin resistance (<em>r</em><sub>s</sub>). Thus, <em>r</em><sub>s</sub> can be determined if the <em>r</em><sub>b</sub> component is defined (<em>r</em><sub>s</sub> = R<sub>T</sub> - <em>r</em><sub>b</sub>). The use of agar models has become the standard technique to estimate <em>r</em><sub>b</sub> under the assumption that agar surface imposes no barrier to evaporation (<em>r<sub>s</sub></em> = 0). We evaluated this assumption by determining EWL rates and <em>r</em><sub>b</sub> values from exposed surfaces of free water, a physiological solution mimicking the osmotic properties of a generalized amphibian, and agar gels prepared at various concentrations either using water or physiological solution as diluent. Water evaporation was affected by both, the presence of solutes and agar concentration. Models prepared with agar at 5% concentration in water provided the most practical and appropriate proxy for the estimation of <em>r</em><sub>b</sub>.
description: DATA AND FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: "EWL_RT_petri_models.csv" EWL and RT from petri dish models Rowdata of evaporative water loss rates (EWL) and the total resistance to evaporation (RT) obtained from exposed surfaces (petri dishes) of free water, a physiological solution (NaCl) mimicking the osmotic properties of a generalized amphibian body fluids, and agar gels prepared at various concentrations using water or physiological solution as diluent. "rb_simulations.r" Relative error simulations R-code to run simulations over a range of hypothetical skin resistance (rs) values to evaluate the impact of potential errors in the determination of the boundary layer resistance due to differences in agar content. "README.txt" General data information FUNDING SOURCES THAT SUPPORTED THE COLLECTION OF DATA São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP (Brazil) The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (Brazil) The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES (Brazil)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945014.v1
title: Prostatic artery embolization for giant prostatic hyperplasia: a single-center experience

description: Abstract Objective: To describe the safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in patients with a markedly enlarged prostate. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including 18 consecutive patients (mean age, 74 years) with benign prostatic hyperplasia, all with a prostate volume ≥ 200 cm3, who were enrolled to receive PAE for the treatment of moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: The PAE procedure was technically successful in 17 patients (94.4%). During follow-up, clinical failure (defined as an International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] ≥ 8) was observed in two (11.1%) of those 18 patients. At 3 months of follow-up, there was significant improvement over baseline in all relevant outcome measures: total IPSS (from 15.7 to 2.9); IPSS quality of life score (from 5.2 to 1.0); prostate specific antigen (from 11.4 to 1.82 ng/mL); peak urinary flow rate (from 7.45 to 18.6 mL/s); prostate volume (from 252.4 to 151.6 cm3); and post-void residual volume (from 143.7 to 28.3 mL)-p &lt; 0.05 for all. Of the 18 patients, one (5.6%) presented detachment of prostate tissue and self-limited hematuria, which did not require specific treatment. Conclusion: In patients with a markedly enlarged prostate, PAE proved to be safe and effective, resulting in significant improvements in clinical, imaging, and urodynamic parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945014
title: Prostatic artery embolization for giant prostatic hyperplasia: a single-center experience

description: Abstract Objective: To describe the safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in patients with a markedly enlarged prostate. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including 18 consecutive patients (mean age, 74 years) with benign prostatic hyperplasia, all with a prostate volume ≥ 200 cm3, who were enrolled to receive PAE for the treatment of moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: The PAE procedure was technically successful in 17 patients (94.4%). During follow-up, clinical failure (defined as an International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] ≥ 8) was observed in two (11.1%) of those 18 patients. At 3 months of follow-up, there was significant improvement over baseline in all relevant outcome measures: total IPSS (from 15.7 to 2.9); IPSS quality of life score (from 5.2 to 1.0); prostate specific antigen (from 11.4 to 1.82 ng/mL); peak urinary flow rate (from 7.45 to 18.6 mL/s); prostate volume (from 252.4 to 151.6 cm3); and post-void residual volume (from 143.7 to 28.3 mL)-p &lt; 0.05 for all. Of the 18 patients, one (5.6%) presented detachment of prostate tissue and self-limited hematuria, which did not require specific treatment. Conclusion: In patients with a markedly enlarged prostate, PAE proved to be safe and effective, resulting in significant improvements in clinical, imaging, and urodynamic parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945016
title: Appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia on 1.5 T TrueFISP MRI

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the performance of 1.5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the detection and characterization of pulmonary abnormalities caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of 20 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated with regard to the distribution, opacity, and appearance of pulmonary lesions, as well as bronchial changes, pleural effusion, and thoracic lymphadenopathy. McNemar’s test was used in order to compare the COVID-19-associated alterations seen on CT with those seen on MRI. Results: Ground-glass opacities were better visualized on CT than on MRI (p = 0.031). We found no statistically significant differences between CT and MRI regarding the visualization/characterization of the following: consolidations; interlobular/intralobular septal thickening; the distribution or appearance of pulmonary abnormalities; bronchial pathologies; pleural effusion; and thoracic lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities caused by COVID-19 pneumonia can be detected on TrueFISP MRI sequences and correspond to the patterns known from CT. Especially during the current pandemic, the portions of the lungs imaged on cardiac or abdominal MRI should be carefully evaluated to promote the identification and isolation of unexpected cases of COVID-19, thereby curbing further spread of the disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945019
title: Correlation between 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study

description: Abstract Objective: To determine whether technetium-99m-labeled tropane derivative single-photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT) provides results comparable to those of the less widely available, less accessible tool fluorine-18-labeled fluorodopa positron-emission tomography (18F-FDOPA PET) in the setting of a movement disorders clinic. Materials and Methods: In this prospective pilot study, eight subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease were randomly selected from among patients under treatment at a movement disorders clinic and submitted to 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET. The results were read by two experienced observers, and a semiquantitative analysis was performed. Results: The visual and semiquantitative analyses were concordant for all studies, showing that radiotracer uptake in the contralateral striatum on the most affected side was lower when 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT was employed. The semiquantitative analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between 18F-FDOPA PET and 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT (r = 0.73; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: It appears that 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT is a valid option for the study of dopaminergic function in a clinical setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945019.v1
title: Correlation between 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study

description: Abstract Objective: To determine whether technetium-99m-labeled tropane derivative single-photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT) provides results comparable to those of the less widely available, less accessible tool fluorine-18-labeled fluorodopa positron-emission tomography (18F-FDOPA PET) in the setting of a movement disorders clinic. Materials and Methods: In this prospective pilot study, eight subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease were randomly selected from among patients under treatment at a movement disorders clinic and submitted to 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDOPA PET. The results were read by two experienced observers, and a semiquantitative analysis was performed. Results: The visual and semiquantitative analyses were concordant for all studies, showing that radiotracer uptake in the contralateral striatum on the most affected side was lower when 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT was employed. The semiquantitative analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between 18F-FDOPA PET and 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT (r = 0.73; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: It appears that 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT is a valid option for the study of dopaminergic function in a clinical setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945023.v1
title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant thoracic lymph nodes: a meta-analysis

description: Abstract Objective: To establish the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in discriminating malignant from non-malignant thoracic lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This was a meta-analysis involving systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up through April 2020. Studies reporting thoracic DWI and lymph node evaluation were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: We evaluated six studies, involving a collective total of 356 mediastinal lymph nodes in 214 patients. Thoracic DWI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 71-98%) and 93% (95% CI: 79-98%), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.2 (95% CI: 4.0-43.8) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.36), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 149 (95% CI: 18-1,243), and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Conclusion: DWI is a reproducible technique and has demonstrated high accuracy for differentiating between malignant and benign states in thoracic lymph nodes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945023
title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant thoracic lymph nodes: a meta-analysis

description: Abstract Objective: To establish the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in discriminating malignant from non-malignant thoracic lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This was a meta-analysis involving systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up through April 2020. Studies reporting thoracic DWI and lymph node evaluation were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: We evaluated six studies, involving a collective total of 356 mediastinal lymph nodes in 214 patients. Thoracic DWI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 71-98%) and 93% (95% CI: 79-98%), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.2 (95% CI: 4.0-43.8) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.36), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 149 (95% CI: 18-1,243), and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Conclusion: DWI is a reproducible technique and has demonstrated high accuracy for differentiating between malignant and benign states in thoracic lymph nodes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945026
title: Virtual reality in interventional radiology education: a systematic review

description: Abstract The aim of this study was to compare virtual reality simulation with other methods of teaching interventional radiology. We searched multiple databases-Cochrane Library; Medline (PubMed); Embase; Trip Medical; Education Resources Information Center; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Scientific Electronic Library Online; and Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature-for studies comparing virtual reality simulation and other methods of teaching interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) Collaboration. Eligible studies were evaluated by using the quality indicators provided in the BEME Guide No. 11 and the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. After the eligibility and quality criteria had been applied, five randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The Kirkpatrick level of impact varied among the studies evaluated, three studies being classified as level 2B and two being classified as level 4B. Among the studies evaluated, there was a consensus that virtual reality aggregates concepts and is beneficial for the teaching of interventional radiology. Although the use of virtual reality has been shown to be effective for skill acquisition and learning in interventional radiology, there is still a lack of studies evaluating and standardizing the employment of this technology in relation to the numerous procedures that exist within the field of expertise.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945026.v1
title: Virtual reality in interventional radiology education: a systematic review

description: Abstract The aim of this study was to compare virtual reality simulation with other methods of teaching interventional radiology. We searched multiple databases-Cochrane Library; Medline (PubMed); Embase; Trip Medical; Education Resources Information Center; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Scientific Electronic Library Online; and Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature-for studies comparing virtual reality simulation and other methods of teaching interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) Collaboration. Eligible studies were evaluated by using the quality indicators provided in the BEME Guide No. 11 and the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. After the eligibility and quality criteria had been applied, five randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The Kirkpatrick level of impact varied among the studies evaluated, three studies being classified as level 2B and two being classified as level 4B. Among the studies evaluated, there was a consensus that virtual reality aggregates concepts and is beneficial for the teaching of interventional radiology. Although the use of virtual reality has been shown to be effective for skill acquisition and learning in interventional radiology, there is still a lack of studies evaluating and standardizing the employment of this technology in relation to the numerous procedures that exist within the field of expertise.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945028.v1
title: The role of magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance of prostate cancer

description: Abstract Active surveillance (AS) is an important strategy to avoid overtreatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and has become the standard of care for low-risk patients. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AS has expanded due to its ability to risk stratify patients with suspected or known PCa, and MRI has become an integral part of the AS protocols at various institutions. A negative pre-biopsy MRI result is associated with a very high negative predictive value for a Gleason score ≥ 3+4. A positive MRI result in men who are otherwise eligible for AS has been shown to be associated with the presence of high-grade PCa and therefore with ineligibility. In addition, MRI can be used to guide and determine the timing of per-protocol biopsy during AS. However, there are several MRI-related issues that remain unresolved, including the lack of a consensus and guidelines; concerns about gadolinium deposition in various tissues; and increased demand for higher efficiency and productivity. Similarly, the need for the combined use of targeted and systematic sampling is still a matter of debate when lesions are visible on MRI. Here, we review the current AS guidelines, as well as the accepted roles of MRI in patient selection and monitoring, the potential uses of MRI that are still in question, and the limitations of the method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945028
title: The role of magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance of prostate cancer

description: Abstract Active surveillance (AS) is an important strategy to avoid overtreatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and has become the standard of care for low-risk patients. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AS has expanded due to its ability to risk stratify patients with suspected or known PCa, and MRI has become an integral part of the AS protocols at various institutions. A negative pre-biopsy MRI result is associated with a very high negative predictive value for a Gleason score ≥ 3+4. A positive MRI result in men who are otherwise eligible for AS has been shown to be associated with the presence of high-grade PCa and therefore with ineligibility. In addition, MRI can be used to guide and determine the timing of per-protocol biopsy during AS. However, there are several MRI-related issues that remain unresolved, including the lack of a consensus and guidelines; concerns about gadolinium deposition in various tissues; and increased demand for higher efficiency and productivity. Similarly, the need for the combined use of targeted and systematic sampling is still a matter of debate when lesions are visible on MRI. Here, we review the current AS guidelines, as well as the accepted roles of MRI in patient selection and monitoring, the potential uses of MRI that are still in question, and the limitations of the method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945032
title: Computed tomography angiography of the coronary arteries: major findings in the clinical routine of a general hospital

description: Abstract Almost two decades ago, it became possible to use coronary computed tomography for the noninvasive assessment of the coronary arteries. That is an extremely accurate method for detecting or excluding coronary artery disease, even the subclinical forms. This pictorial essay aims to show the main imaging findings in 47 coronary computed tomography scans acquired at a general hospital between January 2014 and June 2018. The most common findings were atheromatous plaques (in 87%) and stents (in 34%). There were also incidental findings, not directly related to coronary artery disease, such as pulmonary nodules and aortic stenosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19945032.v1
title: Computed tomography angiography of the coronary arteries: major findings in the clinical routine of a general hospital

description: Abstract Almost two decades ago, it became possible to use coronary computed tomography for the noninvasive assessment of the coronary arteries. That is an extremely accurate method for detecting or excluding coronary artery disease, even the subclinical forms. This pictorial essay aims to show the main imaging findings in 47 coronary computed tomography scans acquired at a general hospital between January 2014 and June 2018. The most common findings were atheromatous plaques (in 87%) and stents (in 34%). There were also incidental findings, not directly related to coronary artery disease, such as pulmonary nodules and aortic stenosis.