cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507166.v1
title: NUTRIENTS INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PALM KERNEL CAKE IN SHEEP DIET

description: The aim of this study was to find the optimum inclusion level of palm kernel cake in sheep diet. We used 18 castrated rams, fed diets with inclusion levels of palm kernel cake of 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% of the total diet. Animals were housed in metabolic cages for 21 days. Data were subjected to regression study with 5% significance for equations and regression coefficients. The inclusion of palm kernel cake caused reduction in DM, hemicellulose, NDF, CP, TDN, TC and MM (P &lt;0.01) and no significant differences in cellulose, ADF and NFC (P&gt; 0.05). The intake of EE and lignin increased (P&lt;0.01). The fiber content of the diets added to the consumption of lignin by the animals caused reduction in digestibility of GE and all analyzed nutrients (DM, CP, hemicellulose, NDF; P&gt;0.05). There was reduction in metabolizability of the diets due to increased GE of feces (P &lt;0.01). Nitrogen balance was positive in all treatments. The inclusion of palm kernel cake above 7.5% in sheep diet causes reduction in DMI and digestibility of nutrients with possible performance losses, especially in high-performance animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7676528
title: Spatial-temporal analysis of the surface water quality of the Pará River Basin through statistical techniques

description: Abstract Water quality issues are a growing concern due to the the recent intensification of urbanization and industrialization. This paper evaluates and compares the surface water quality of the ten sub-basins of the Pará River, located in the São Francisco River Basin, Minas Gerais, and evaluates the impact of seasonality and the compliance with the current limits of state legislation. The surface water quality monitoring database of the Institute of Water Management of Minas Gerais (Igam) was used, and 18 parameters were analyzed from a historical series from 2008 to 2016, totaling 16,651 observations. First, the descriptive statistics of the parameters were calculated, considering each sub-basin separately. Then, for the temporal and spatial analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical tests were applied, followed by the multiple comparison test, with an alpha level of 5%, due to the asymmetric behavior of the data. Thus, it was possible to compare water quality of the sub-basins in rainy and dry seasons and to identify which parameters were responsible for the greater degradation. In the compliance analysis to the current limits of state legislation, it was identified that all of the sub-basins were out of the specified range for at least one of the evaluated parameters. Finally, the seasonality analysis exposed significant differences in the parameters of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total suspended solids, total solids and water temperature, where it was shown that there was a worsening of water quality in the rainy season for most sub-basins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7710809.v1
title: High concentrations of toxic metals in water consumed by the Maxakali indigenous community in Brazil

description: Abstract The Maxakali is the second largest indigenous population in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; and parasitic diseases are its main cause of death. Problems related to the quality of water consumed by this population, added to the absence of public sanitation services, aggravate the risk of illnesses due to several water-borne pathologies. Thus, the main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the water quality consumed in natura by the Maxakali community, quantifying toxic metals in relation to the maximum values allowed by Brazilian law. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with samples of water collected in surface- and groundwater in the Maxakali villages, including three seasonal periods. Villages with the greatest number of altered measures of metals in water were Aldeias Pradinho (100%) and Água Boa (92%). The smallest number of changes were found in Aldeias Verde and Rafael (27%). The metals that appeared in the largest number of collections with values higher than recommended were Iron (50%), followed by Arsenic (46%), Aluminum (36%), Cadmium (22%) and Mercury (20%), respectively. The study identified high concentrations of toxic metals in the water consumed by the Maxakali indigenous community in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7710812
title: Canonical analysis of climatic factors associated with the quality characteristics of drinking water of a city in São Paulo State

description: Abstract Several factors may contribute to changes in monitoring parameters of drinking water quality, especially climatic characteristics. Behavioral studies of these characteristics are relevant to the rational and sustainable use of water resources and better monitoring of the quality of water available for the population. To assess the association between water quality and climate, this research explored physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics considered important for the monitoring of water quality, analyzed in casual samples collected daily from the distribution system of a city, and considered monthly data of climatic characteristics from 2007 to 2011. The associations between these two sets of variables were assessed by the multivariate procedure of the canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate a positive correlation between the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of climatic variables and the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of water quality variables.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7710812.v1
title: Canonical analysis of climatic factors associated with the quality characteristics of drinking water of a city in São Paulo State

description: Abstract Several factors may contribute to changes in monitoring parameters of drinking water quality, especially climatic characteristics. Behavioral studies of these characteristics are relevant to the rational and sustainable use of water resources and better monitoring of the quality of water available for the population. To assess the association between water quality and climate, this research explored physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics considered important for the monitoring of water quality, analyzed in casual samples collected daily from the distribution system of a city, and considered monthly data of climatic characteristics from 2007 to 2011. The associations between these two sets of variables were assessed by the multivariate procedure of the canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate a positive correlation between the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of climatic variables and the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of water quality variables.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6833084
title: Synthesis of Graphene Oxide and Functionalized CNT Nanocomposites Based on Epoxy Resin

description: ABSTRACT Lately, nanomaterials have been largely studied as reinforcements for epoxy resin. Although their usage is highly promising, the literature has reported some drawbacks regarding the improvement of mechanical properties in nanocomposites. These difficulties are usually due to dispersion of nanomaterials and its adhesion to the polymeric matrix. One approach to this problem is the functionalization of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. In this work, we have studied the synthesis and functionalization process of CNTs and graphene oxide (GO) to be used as reinforcements for epoxy resin nanocomposites. CNTs were synthesized at 850 °C in a quartz furnace, from hexane and ferrocene vapor, and functionalized by acids and ethylenediamine treatments. GO was obtained by graphite exfoliation through a modified Hummer's method. The nanomaterials were characterized by Raman spectrum, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM images. Nanocomposites were prepared using these nanomaterials and evaluated by DMA. While both nanomaterials showed an improvement in mechanical properties, suggesting a chemical bond between nanomaterial and the epoxy matrix, it was clear that GO reinforced samples presented a higher storage modulus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6833084.v1
title: Synthesis of Graphene Oxide and Functionalized CNT Nanocomposites Based on Epoxy Resin

description: ABSTRACT Lately, nanomaterials have been largely studied as reinforcements for epoxy resin. Although their usage is highly promising, the literature has reported some drawbacks regarding the improvement of mechanical properties in nanocomposites. These difficulties are usually due to dispersion of nanomaterials and its adhesion to the polymeric matrix. One approach to this problem is the functionalization of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. In this work, we have studied the synthesis and functionalization process of CNTs and graphene oxide (GO) to be used as reinforcements for epoxy resin nanocomposites. CNTs were synthesized at 850 °C in a quartz furnace, from hexane and ferrocene vapor, and functionalized by acids and ethylenediamine treatments. GO was obtained by graphite exfoliation through a modified Hummer's method. The nanomaterials were characterized by Raman spectrum, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM images. Nanocomposites were prepared using these nanomaterials and evaluated by DMA. While both nanomaterials showed an improvement in mechanical properties, suggesting a chemical bond between nanomaterial and the epoxy matrix, it was clear that GO reinforced samples presented a higher storage modulus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7676528.v1
title: Spatial-temporal analysis of the surface water quality of the Pará River Basin through statistical techniques

description: Abstract Water quality issues are a growing concern due to the the recent intensification of urbanization and industrialization. This paper evaluates and compares the surface water quality of the ten sub-basins of the Pará River, located in the São Francisco River Basin, Minas Gerais, and evaluates the impact of seasonality and the compliance with the current limits of state legislation. The surface water quality monitoring database of the Institute of Water Management of Minas Gerais (Igam) was used, and 18 parameters were analyzed from a historical series from 2008 to 2016, totaling 16,651 observations. First, the descriptive statistics of the parameters were calculated, considering each sub-basin separately. Then, for the temporal and spatial analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical tests were applied, followed by the multiple comparison test, with an alpha level of 5%, due to the asymmetric behavior of the data. Thus, it was possible to compare water quality of the sub-basins in rainy and dry seasons and to identify which parameters were responsible for the greater degradation. In the compliance analysis to the current limits of state legislation, it was identified that all of the sub-basins were out of the specified range for at least one of the evaluated parameters. Finally, the seasonality analysis exposed significant differences in the parameters of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total suspended solids, total solids and water temperature, where it was shown that there was a worsening of water quality in the rainy season for most sub-basins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9900005
title: Driving and Alzheimer's disease: A neuropsychological screening battery for the elderly

description: ABSTRACT As life expectancy increases, there is a marked increase in the elderly population eager to continue driving. A large proportion of these elderly drive safely, however, patients with mild dementia are high-risk drivers. Objective: to identify the cognitive tests that best predict driving ability in subjects with mild dementia. Methods: 28 drivers with mild dementia and 28 healthy elderly subjects underwent an extensive cognitive assessment (NACC Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery), completed an adapted On Road Driving Test (ORDT) and a Driving Simulator assessment. Results: drivers with mild dementia made more mistakes on the ORDT and had slower responses in the simulator tasks. Cognitive tests correlated strongly with on road and simulator driving performance. Age, the Digit Symbol Modalities Test and Boston Naming Test scores were the variables that best predicted performance on the ORDT and were included in a logistic regression model. Conclusion: the strong correlation between driving performance and performance on specific cognitive tests supports the importance of cognitive assessment as a useful tool for deciding whether patients with mild dementia can drive safely. The algorithm including these three variables could be used as a screening tool for the detection of unsafe driving in elderly subjects with cognitive decline.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9900005.v1
title: Driving and Alzheimer's disease: A neuropsychological screening battery for the elderly

description: ABSTRACT As life expectancy increases, there is a marked increase in the elderly population eager to continue driving. A large proportion of these elderly drive safely, however, patients with mild dementia are high-risk drivers. Objective: to identify the cognitive tests that best predict driving ability in subjects with mild dementia. Methods: 28 drivers with mild dementia and 28 healthy elderly subjects underwent an extensive cognitive assessment (NACC Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery), completed an adapted On Road Driving Test (ORDT) and a Driving Simulator assessment. Results: drivers with mild dementia made more mistakes on the ORDT and had slower responses in the simulator tasks. Cognitive tests correlated strongly with on road and simulator driving performance. Age, the Digit Symbol Modalities Test and Boston Naming Test scores were the variables that best predicted performance on the ORDT and were included in a logistic regression model. Conclusion: the strong correlation between driving performance and performance on specific cognitive tests supports the importance of cognitive assessment as a useful tool for deciding whether patients with mild dementia can drive safely. The algorithm including these three variables could be used as a screening tool for the detection of unsafe driving in elderly subjects with cognitive decline.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14271413
title: Logical-inferential relations in the use of connectives porque and já que: a comparative study between Elementary and Undergraduate Education

description: Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study between Elementary School and Undergraduate Education investigating the use of connectives já que and porque in sentences with inferential causal relations established through inductive and deductive logical reasoning. As the acquisition of some connectives is related to schooling and consequent exposure to the written modality, this work can contribute to raising questions about the relationship between the acquisition of this modality and its influence on the way we interpret logical-inferential relations. In this paper, we present a forced-choice judgment test in which participants should choose between the connectives já que and porque when they are exposed to sentences with direct and indirect causal relationships. Our hypothesis was that, in indirect cause relationships, individuals with more experience in reading would choose já que, but individuals with little experience should choose mainly porque in both cases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511669
title: Preparation and Ablation Performance of Lightweight Phenolic Composite Material under Oxyacetylene Torch Environment

description: ABSTRACT The present study investigates the influence of fiber content on thermal properties of short silica fiber (SSF) reinforced modified resole resin (MRR) composites. For this purpose, different SSF loading composites were prepared: 40, 55, and 65 wt.%. The ablation resistance related to mass loss parameters was quantified by testing under an oxyacetylene flame up to 2300 °C for 30 s. The thermal conductivity of the composite was studied via experimental steady state technique. Thermal stability of the composite material was estimated by means of thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), both in air and nitrogen atmosphere. The ablated composite material was characterized by different techniques (XRD, FTIR, and SEM). The results showed that the back-face surface temperature of SSF/MRR composites follows the typical variation curve, and linear ablation rate, mass ablation rate, and char yield decrease with increasing silica fiber content. This confirms that 55 and 65 wt.% SSF loading exhibited the best anti-ablation performance and the lowest percentage of char yield. XRD and FTIR analysis of the ablated specimen zone showed the absence of new phase. The thermo-gravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal resistance of SSF/MRR composites in comparison with MRR matrix and the decrease of char with increasing SSF loading. The thermal conductivity of these composites was significantly enhanced by the SSF into the modified resole matrix. This thermal conductivity follows both the rule of mixture and Maxwell models. The overall thermal characteristics of the SSF/MRR composites meet most of the necessary high temperature application criteria.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516421
title: Frequency of antibodies against ovine Lentivirus in sheep in Colinas do Tocantins, Tocantins state, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Maedi-Visna is a disease caused by a small ruminant lentivirus, with a chronic evolution and, in most cases, unapparent signs. Its diagnosis is based on clinical signs and epidemiological data, with the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test being the classical method for detecting antibodies against lentiviruses. Considering that the state of Tocantins has the potential to develop sheep breeding and that the majority of producers from Colinas do Tocantins city has shown an interest in establishing a rational breeding, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of such disease in that region. A total of 369 blood samples was drawn from sheep bred in several farms of that town, regardless of breed, gender, and age. Every sample underwent an AGID to test for Maedi-Visna. After the laboratory analyses were concluded, the Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the results against the categories. Also, the odds ratio, with 95% confidence interval, was calculated to check whether age played a role as either a risk or protective factor in these results. It was found that six animals (1.62%) were positive in AGID, therefore concluding that the frequency of seropositivity in that region is low.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516421.v1
title: Frequency of antibodies against ovine Lentivirus in sheep in Colinas do Tocantins, Tocantins state, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Maedi-Visna is a disease caused by a small ruminant lentivirus, with a chronic evolution and, in most cases, unapparent signs. Its diagnosis is based on clinical signs and epidemiological data, with the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test being the classical method for detecting antibodies against lentiviruses. Considering that the state of Tocantins has the potential to develop sheep breeding and that the majority of producers from Colinas do Tocantins city has shown an interest in establishing a rational breeding, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of such disease in that region. A total of 369 blood samples was drawn from sheep bred in several farms of that town, regardless of breed, gender, and age. Every sample underwent an AGID to test for Maedi-Visna. After the laboratory analyses were concluded, the Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the results against the categories. Also, the odds ratio, with 95% confidence interval, was calculated to check whether age played a role as either a risk or protective factor in these results. It was found that six animals (1.62%) were positive in AGID, therefore concluding that the frequency of seropositivity in that region is low.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14271413.v1
title: Logical-inferential relations in the use of connectives porque and já que: a comparative study between Elementary and Undergraduate Education

description: Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study between Elementary School and Undergraduate Education investigating the use of connectives já que and porque in sentences with inferential causal relations established through inductive and deductive logical reasoning. As the acquisition of some connectives is related to schooling and consequent exposure to the written modality, this work can contribute to raising questions about the relationship between the acquisition of this modality and its influence on the way we interpret logical-inferential relations. In this paper, we present a forced-choice judgment test in which participants should choose between the connectives já que and porque when they are exposed to sentences with direct and indirect causal relationships. Our hypothesis was that, in indirect cause relationships, individuals with more experience in reading would choose já que, but individuals with little experience should choose mainly porque in both cases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511669.v1
title: Preparation and Ablation Performance of Lightweight Phenolic Composite Material under Oxyacetylene Torch Environment

description: ABSTRACT The present study investigates the influence of fiber content on thermal properties of short silica fiber (SSF) reinforced modified resole resin (MRR) composites. For this purpose, different SSF loading composites were prepared: 40, 55, and 65 wt.%. The ablation resistance related to mass loss parameters was quantified by testing under an oxyacetylene flame up to 2300 °C for 30 s. The thermal conductivity of the composite was studied via experimental steady state technique. Thermal stability of the composite material was estimated by means of thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), both in air and nitrogen atmosphere. The ablated composite material was characterized by different techniques (XRD, FTIR, and SEM). The results showed that the back-face surface temperature of SSF/MRR composites follows the typical variation curve, and linear ablation rate, mass ablation rate, and char yield decrease with increasing silica fiber content. This confirms that 55 and 65 wt.% SSF loading exhibited the best anti-ablation performance and the lowest percentage of char yield. XRD and FTIR analysis of the ablated specimen zone showed the absence of new phase. The thermo-gravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal resistance of SSF/MRR composites in comparison with MRR matrix and the decrease of char with increasing SSF loading. The thermal conductivity of these composites was significantly enhanced by the SSF into the modified resole matrix. This thermal conductivity follows both the rule of mixture and Maxwell models. The overall thermal characteristics of the SSF/MRR composites meet most of the necessary high temperature application criteria.