DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bp0
title: Heat-stress memory enhances acclimation of a migratory insect pest to global warming

description: In the face of rising global temperatures, the mechanisms behind an
 organism's ability to acclimate to heat stress remain enigmatic. The
 rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, traditionally viewed as
 temperature-sensitive, paradoxically exhibits robust larval acclimation to
 heat stress. This study used the heat-acclimated strain HA39, developed
 through multigenerational exposure to 39°C during the larval stage, and
 the unacclimated strain HA27 reared at 27°C to unravel the
 transgenerational effects of heat acclimation and its regulatory
 mechanisms. Heat acclimation for larvae incurred a fitness cost in pupae
 when exposed to high temperature, yet a significant transgenerational
 effect surfaced, revealing heightened fitness benefit in pupae from HA39,
 even without additional heat exposure during larval recovery at 27°C. This
 transgenerational effect exhibited a short-term memory, diminishing after
 two recovery generations. Moreover, the effect correlated with increased
 superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and expression levels of
 oxidoreductase genes, representing physiological and molecular foundations
 of heat acclimation. Heat-acclimated larvae displayed elevated DNA
 methylation levels, while pupae from HA39, in recovery generations,
 exhibited decreased methylation indicated by the upregulation of a
 demethylase gene and downregulation of two methyltransferase genes at high
 temperature. In summary, heat acclimation induces DNA methylation,
 orchestrating heat-stress memory and influencing the expression levels of
 oxidoreductase genes and SOD activity. Heat-stress memory enhances
 acclimation of the migratory insect pest to global warming.
description: # Heat-stress memory enhances acclimation of a migratory insect pest to
 global warming - DATA ## Description of the data and file structure 6
 datasets are present in this release related to the six main analyses of
 the manuscript. The columns description can be found in the analyses
 scripts. In short: lxd1-1.csv: experimental data on survival rate of pupae
 exposured to different temperatures. $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed
 temperature $ Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the experiment $
 Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27 and HA39 $ Eclosion rate of pupae: (num)
 Eclosion rate of pupae -lxd1-2.csv: experimental data on longevity of
 adult. $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed temperature $ Replicate: (num)
 No of the replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27 and
 HA39 $ Longevity: (num) Longevity of adult -lxd1-3.csv: experimental data
 on fecundity of female. $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed temperature $
 Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr)
 Strain of HA27 and HA39 $ Fecundity: (num) Number of eggs per female
 -lxd1-4.csv: experimental data on hatchability of eggs. $ Exposed
 temperature: (num) Exposed temperature $ Replicate: (num) No of the
 replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27 and HA39 $
 Hatchability: (num) Hatchability of eggs -lxd2-1.csv: experimental data
 measured to survival rate after recovery one generation. $ Exposed
 temperature: (num) Exposed temperature $ Replicate: (num) No of the
 replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27, HA39, and
 HA39-R1 $ Eclosion rate of pupae: (num) Eclosion rate of pupae
 -lxd2-2.csv: experimental data measured to longevity of adult after
 recovery one generation. $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed temperature
 $ Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr)
 Strain of HA27, HA39, and HA39-R1 $ Longevity: (num) Longevity of adult
 (d) -lxd2-3.csv: experimental data measured to fecundity after recovery
 one generation. $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed temperature $
 Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr)
 Strain of HA27, HA39, and HA39-R1 $ Fecundity: (num) Number of eggs per
 female -lxd2-4.csv: experimental data measured to Hatchability after
 recovery one generation. $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed temperature
 $ Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the experiment $ Strain: (Chr)
 Strain of HA27, HA39, and HA39-R1 $ Hatchability: (num) Hatchability of
 eggs -lxd3.csv: experimental data measured to enzyme activity of SOD, CAT,
 and GST $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27 and HA39-R1 $ Replicate: (num) No
 of the replicate for the experiment $ Exposed temperature: (num) Exposed
 temperature $ SOD: (num) Enzyme activity of SOD $ CAT: (num) Enzyme
 activity of CAT $ GST: (num) Enzyme activity of GST -lxd4.csv:
 experimental data measured to relative expression levels of CmGMC38 and
 CmGMC10 of HA27, HA39, HA27-R1, HA39-R1 $ Exposed temperature: (num)
 Exposed temperature $ Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the
 experiment $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27, HA39, and HA39-R1 $ CmGMC38:
 (num) Relative expression level of CmGMC38 $ CmGMC10: (num) Relative
 expression level of CmGMC10 -lxd5-1.csv: experimental data measured to DNA
 methylation level of larvae $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of HA27, HA39 $
 Replicate: (num) No of the replicate for the experiment $ Exposed
 temperature: (num) Exposed temperature $ Duration: (num) Duration of
 exposure (h) $ DNA methylation levels: (Chr) DNA methylation levels in
 larvae -lxd5-2.csv: experimental data measured to expression level (FPKM)
 of genes $ epigenetic_gene_id: (Chr) Gene ID $ HA27-27-1: (num) expression
 level in HA27 at 27oC sample 1 $ HA27-27-2: (num) expression level in HA27
 at 27oC sample 2 $ HA27-27-3: (num) expression level in HA27 at 27oC
 sample 3 $ HA27-41-1: (num) expression level in HA27 at 41oC sample 1 $
 HA27-41-2: (num) expression level in HA27 at 41oC sample 2 $ HA27-41-3:
 (num) expression level in HA27 at 41oC sample 3 $ HA39-41-1: (num)
 expression level in HA39 at 41oC sample 1 $ HA39-41-2: (num) expression
 level in HA39 at 41oC sample 2 $ HA39-41-3: (num) expression level in HA39
 at 41oC sample 3 lxd6.csv: experimental data measured to relative
 expression levels of four genes $ Strain: (Chr) Strain of larvae $
 Replicate: (num）Replicate for experiment $ Exposed temperature: (chr)
 Exposed temperature $ Cmed07565: (num) Relative expression level of
 Cmed07565 $ Cmed129345: (num) Relative expression level of Cmed12934 $
 Cmed15355: (num) Relative expression level of Cmed15355 $ Cmed16639: (num)
 Relative expression level of Cmed16639