cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g669j
title: Data from: Aquatic prey use countershading camouflage to match the visual background

description: An animal’s 3D form, combined with the directional lighting that is
 typical of many natural light environments, often results in the
 production of self-shadows, which may increase prey detectability to
 visual predators or vice versa. In terrestrial animals, countershading
 patterning, a luminance gradient from dark dorsal to pale ventral
 pigmentation, acts to counterbalance this effect by essentially reversing
 the distribution of light incident across the body surface. Although
 widespread among aquatic predators and prey, it is unclear whether
 countershading facilitates camouflage through elimination of self-shadows
 (self-shadow concealment [SSC]), enhances the match between an animal’s
 radiance and that of the background for multiple viewing angles
 (background matching [BM]), or a combination of both. We used clay models
 of a color-changing freshwater fish to determine the optimal patterning
 for SSC in different light environments, and we compared this to the skin
 reflectance profile of fish held under the same conditions. Fish adjusted
 their countershading pattern in response to changes in the light
 environment, but the observed reflectance profiles did not match the
 modeling predictions for optimal SSC. Thus fish adjusted their body
 pigmentation to match the viewing background rather than to conceal their
 ventral shadows. We suggest that different selection pressures resulting
 from the dissimilar characteristics of light in air and water have
 resulted in convergence of similar countershading phenotypes in
 terrestrial and aquatic prey.
description: Exp 1 change in light
 and substrateChanges in body
 reflectance of fish held in tanks with varying light intensity and
 substrate reflectanceExp 2 change in light
 and horiz backgroundChanges in body
 reflectance in fish held in tanks with varying light intensity and
 horizontal background reflectanceExp 1 reflectance
 profiles clay modelsBody reflectance of clay
 model fish photographed in tanks with black or white
 substratesExp 2 reflectance
 profiles clay modelsBody reflectance of clay
 model fish held in tanks with black or white horizontal
 backgrounds
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k88h6
title: Data from: Experimental evidence does not support the Habitat Amount Hypothesis

description: For a half century, habitat configuration – the arrangement of habitat
 patches within a landscape – has been central to theories of landscape
 ecology, population dynamics, and community assembly, in addition to
 conservation strategies. A recent hypothesis advanced by Fahrig (2013)
 would, if supported, greatly diminish the relevance of habitat
 configuration as a predictor of diversity. The Habitat Amount Hypothesis
 posits that the sample area effect overrides patch size and patch
 isolation effects of habitat fragmentation on species richness. It
 predicts that the amount of habitat in a local landscape, regardless of
 configuration, is the main landscape-level determinant of species
 richness. If habitat amount is indeed the major, landscape-level driver of
 species richness, the slopes of the species–area relationship (SAR) for
 otherwise similar fragmented and unfragmented landscapes should be
 indistinguishable. We tested the Habitat Amount Hypothesis with data from
 two replicated and controlled habitat fragmentation experiments that
 disentangle the effects of habitat amount and configuration. One
 experiment provided time-series data on plant species richness and the
 other on micro-arthropod species richness. We found that, relative to less
 fragmented habitats, the SARs for fragmented habitats have significantly
 higher slopes and that the magnitude of the difference in slopes increased
 over time. Relatively more species were lost in smaller areas when
 fragments were more isolated. In both experiments, the proportion of
 species lost due to increased habitat fragmentation was nearly identical
 to the proportion lost due to reduced habitat amount. Our results provide
 a direct and experimentally derived refutation of the Habitat Amount
 Hypothesis, supporting the long-held view that in addition to area, patch
 isolation and configuration are important determinants of species
 richness. Differences in species richness between fragmented and
 non-fragmented habitats increase over time, demonstrating that long-term
 studies are needed to understand the effects of fragmentation, above and
 beyond the amount of habitat lost.
description: SRS
 PlantSRPlant species richness
 data collected at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC, USA. Data were
 collected in 8 experimental blocks; with five patches in each block. Data
 were collected annually from 2001-2014. Details of experimental design
 found in Damschen, E. I., N. M. Haddad, J. L. Orrock, J. J. Tewksbury, and
 D. J. Levey. 2006. Corridors increase plant species richness at large
 scales. Science 313:1284-1286.Arthropod Species
 RichnessData collected from
 eight experimental blocks, where the habitat was moss. Each block included
 two treatments, an 0.25m2 control (continuous moss) and an 0.25m2 area
 that had experimental fragments that were 20cm2 or 200cm2 in area. Details
 found in Gonzalez, A. 2000. Community relaxation in fragmented landscapes:
 the relation between species richness, area and age. Ecology Letters
 3:441-448.Moss
 ArthropodSR.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cq2k7sq
title: Data from: Museum specimens provide novel insights into changing plant-herbivore interactions

description: Mounting evidence shows that species interactions may mediate how
 individual species respond to climate change. However, long-term
 anthropogenic effects on species interactions are poorly characterized due
 to a lack of data. Insect herbivory is a major ecological process that
 represents the interaction between insect herbivores and their host
 plants, but historical data on insect damage to plants is particularly
 sparse. Here, we suggest that museum collections of insects and plants can
 fill key gaps in our knowledge on changing trophic interactions, including
 proximate mechanisms and the net outcomes of multiple global change
 drivers across diverse insect herbivore-plant associations. We outline
 theory on how global change may affect herbivores and their host plants
 and highlight the unique data that could be extracted from museum
 specimens to explore their shifting interactions. We aim to provide a
 framework for using museum specimens to explore how some of the most
 diverse co-evolved relationships are responding to climate and land use
 change.
description: Sooty mould data from
 Box 2SM_data_Dryad_todeposit.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.427m6
title: Data from: Trade-offs and mixed infections in an obligate-killing insect pathogen

description: Natural populations of pathogens are frequently composed of numerous
 interacting strains. Understanding what maintains this diversity remains a
 key focus of research in disease ecology. In addition, within-host
 pathogen dynamics can have a strong impact on both infection outcome and
 the evolution of pathogen virulence and thus understanding the impact of
 pathogen diversity is important for disease management. We compared eight
 genetically distinguishable variants from Spodoptera exempta
 nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) isolated from the African armyworm,
 Spodoptera exempta. NPVs are obligate killers and the vast majority of
 transmission-stages are not released until after the host has died. The
 NPV variants differed significantly in their virulence and could be
 clustered into two groups based on their dose-response curves. They also
 differed in their speed of kill and productivity (transmission potential)
 for S. exempta. The mixed-genotype wild-type SpexNPV, from which each
 variant was isolated, was significantly more virulent than any individual
 variant and its mean mortality rate was within the fastest group of
 individual variants. However, the wild-type virus produced fewer new
 infectious stages than any single variant, which might reflect competition
 among the variants. A survival analysis, combining the mortality and speed
 of kill data, confirmed the superiority of the genetically-mixed wild-type
 virus over any single variant. S. exempta larvae infected with wild-type
 SpexNPV were predicted to die 2.7 and 1.9 times faster than insects
 infected with isolates from either of the two clusters of genotypes.
 Theory suggests that there are likely to be trade-offs between pathogen
 fitness traits. Across all larvae, there was a negative linear
 relationship between virus yield and speed of kill, such that more rapid
 host death carried the cost of producing fewer transmission stages. We
 also found a near-significant relationship for the same trend at the
 inter-variant level. However, there was no evidence for a significant
 relationship between the induced level of mortality and transmission
 potential (virus yield) or speed of kill.
description: archive data Redman et
 al 2016Mortality, speed of kill
 and yield data for 8 genetically distinct nucleopolyhedrosis virus
 variants from the African army worm Spodoptera exempta, plus comparative
 data for the mixed parent wild type virus.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m112v
title: Data from: Predicting optimal outcomes in cognitive therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed individuals using the Personalized Advantage Index approach

description: Introduction: Although psychotherapies for depression produce equivalent
 outcomes, individual patients respond differently to different therapies.
 Predictors of outcome have been identified in the context of randomized
 trials, but this information has not been used to predict which treatment
 works best for the depressed individual. In this paper, we aim to
 replicate a recently developed treatment selection method, using data from
 an RCT comparing the effects of cognitive therapy (CT) and interpersonal
 psychotherapy (IPT). Methods: 134 depressed patients completed the pre-
 and post-treatment BDI-II assessment. First, we identified baseline
 predictors and moderators. Secondly, individual treatment recommendations
 were generated by combining the identified predictors and moderators in an
 algorithm that produces the Personalized Advantage Index (PAI), a measure
 of the predicted advantage in one therapy compared to the other, using
 standard regression analyses and the leave-one-out cross-validation
 approach. Results: We found five predictors (gender, employment status,
 anxiety, personality disorder and quality of life) and six moderators
 (somatic complaints, cognitive problems, paranoid symptoms, interpersonal
 self-sacrificing, attributional style and number of life events) of
 treatment outcome. The mean average PAI value was 8.9 BDI points, and 63%
 of the sample was predicted to have a clinically meaningful advantage in
 one of the therapies. Those who were randomized to their predicted optimal
 treatment (either CT or IPT) had an observed mean end-BDI of 11.8, while
 those who received their predicted non-optimal treatment had an end-BDI of
 17.8 (effect size for the difference = 0.51). Discussion: Depressed
 patients who were randomized to their predicted optimal treatment fared
 much better than those randomized to their predicted non-optimal
 treatment. The PAI provides a great opportunity for formal decision-making
 to improve individual patient outcomes in depression. Although the utility
 of the PAI approach will need to be evaluated in prospective research,
 this study promotes the development of a treatment selection approach that
 can be used in regular mental health care, advancing the goals of
 personalized medicine.
description: Data predictor study
 STEPd (clean, labeled, recoded & totaalscores)Baseline predictors and
 post-treatment outcome data (BDI severity at 7 months). RCT with 151
 participants randomized to cognitive therapy or interpersonal
 therapy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.760b3
title: Data from: Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests

description: Forests can partially offset greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to
 climate change mitigation, mainly through increases in live biomass. We
 quantified carbon (C) density in 20 managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris
 Mill.) forests ranging in age from five to 118 years located across the
 southeastern USA and estimated above and belowground C trajectories.
 Ecosystem C stock (all pools including soil C) and aboveground live tree C
 increased nonlinearly with stand age and the modeled asymptotic maxima
 were 168 Mg C/ha and 80 Mg C/ha, respectively. Accumulation of ecosystem C
 with stand age was driven mainly by increases in aboveground live tree C,
 which ranged from &lt;1 Mg C/ha to 74 Mg C/ha and comprised &lt;1%
 to 39% of ecosystem C. Live root C (sum of below-stump C, ground
 penetrating radar measurement of lateral root C, and live fine root C)
 increased with stand age and represented 4% to 22% of ecosystem C. Soil C
 was related to site index, but not to stand age, and comprised 39% to 92%
 of ecosystem C. Live understory C, forest floor C, down dead wood C and
 standing dead wood C were small fractions of ecosystem C in these
 frequently burned stands. Stand age and site index accounted for 76% of
 the variation in ecosystem C among stands. The mean root to shoot ratio
 calculated as the average across all stands (excluding the grass stage
 stand) was 0.54 (standard deviation of 0.19) and higher than reports for
 other conifers. Long-term accumulation of live tree C, combined with the
 larger role of belowground accumulation of lateral root C than in other
 forest types, indicates a role of longleaf pine forests in providing
 disturbance-resistant C storage that can balance the more rapid C
 accumulation and C removal associated with more intensively managed
 forests. Although other managed southern pine systems sequester more C
 over the short-term, we suggest that longleaf pine forests can play a
 meaningful role in regional forest C management.
description: Longleaf pine carbon
 dataLongleaf pine biomass
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t0tv0
title: Data from: Functional role of phenylacetic acid from metapleural gland secretions in controlling fungal pathogens in evolutionarily derived leafcutter ants

description: Fungus-farming ant colonies vary four to five orders of magnitude in size.
 They employ compounds from actinomycete bacteria and exocrine glands as
 antimicrobial agents. Atta colonies have millions of ants and are
 particularly relevant for understanding hygienic strategies as they have
 abandoned their ancestors' prime dependence on antibiotic-based
 biological control in favour of using metapleural gland (MG) chemical
 secretions. Atta MGs are unique in synthesizing large quantities of
 phenylacetic acid (PAA), a known but little investigated antimicrobial
 agent. We show that particularly the smallest workers greatly reduce
 germination rates of Escovopsis and Metarhizium spores after actively
 applying PAA to experimental infection targets in garden fragments and
 transferring the spores to the ants' infrabuccal cavities. In vitro
 assays further indicated that Escovopsis strains isolated from
 evolutionarily derived leaf-cutting ants are less sensitive to PAA than
 strains from phylogenetically more basal fungus-farming ants, consistent
 with the dynamics of an evolutionary arms race between virulence and
 control for Escovopsis, but not Metarhizium. Atta ants form larger
 colonies with more extreme caste differentiation relative to other
 attines, in societies characterized by an almost complete absence of
 reproductive conflicts. We hypothesize that these changes are associated
 with unique evolutionary innovations in chemical pest management that
 appear robust against selection pressure for resistance by specialized
 mycopathogens.
description: Functional role of
 phenylacetic acid from metapleural gland secretions manuscript
 Fernandez-Marin et al
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7b0v8
title: Data from: Rapid recovery following short-term acoustic disturbance in two fish species

description: Noise from human activities is known to impact organisms in a variety of
 taxa, but most experimental studies on the behavioural effects of noise
 have focused on examining responses associated with the period of actual
 exposure. Unlike most pollutants, acoustic noise is generally short-lived,
 usually dissipating quickly after the source is turned off or leaves the
 area. In a series of experiments, we use established experimental
 paradigms to examine how fish behaviour and physiology are affected, both
 during short-term (2 min) exposure to playback of recordings of
 anthropogenic noise sources and in the immediate aftermath of noise
 exposure. We considered the anti-predator response and ventilation rate of
 juvenile European eels (Anguilla anguilla) and ventilation rate of
 juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). As previously found,
 additional-noise exposure decreased eel anti-predator responses, increased
 startle latency and increased ventilation rate relative to
 ambient-noise-exposed controls. Our results show for the first time that
 those effects quickly dissipated; eels showed rapid recovery of startle
 responses and startle latency, and rapid albeit incomplete recovery of
 ventilation rate in the 2 min after noise cessation. Seabass in both
 laboratory and open-water conditions showed an increased ventilation rate
 during playback of additional noise compared with ambient conditions.
 However, within 2 min of noise cessation, ventilation rate showed complete
 recovery to levels equivalent to ambient-exposed control individuals. Care
 should be taken in generalizing these rapid-recovery results, as
 individuals might have accrued other costs during noise exposure and other
 species might show different recovery times. Nonetheless, our results from
 two different fish species provide tentative cause for optimism with
 respect to recovery following short-duration noise exposure, and suggest
 that considering periods following noise exposures could be important for
 mitigation and management decisions.
description: Bruintjes_DataRaw data behavioural and physiological measurements
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f4j738r
title: Data from: Ovule bet‐hedging at high elevation in the South American Andes: evidence from a phylogenetically‐controlled multispecies study

description: 1. How animal‐pollinated plants support low and stochastic pollination in
 the high alpine is a key question in plant ecology. The ovule bet‐hedging
 hypothesis proposes compensation for stochastic pollination via ovule
 oversupply ín flowers allowing the benefits of windfall pollination events
 to be reaped. Under this hypothesis, ovule number is expected to increase
 from treeline upward on high mountains characterized by steep declines in
 flower visitation rates and increasingly more variable pollination. 2.
 Ovule/floret number was investigated for a total of 174 simple‐flowered
 and pseudanthial species in the central Chilean Andes (2100‐3650
 m.a.s.l.). Phylogenetic reconstruction was undertaken using ITS sequences
 and a constrained ordinal‐level backbone reflecting the APG‐IV topology.
 Ovule/floret number was modelled with OLS and PGLS with elevation, floral
 biomass, life‐history, pollinator efficiency, pollination generalization,
 and seasonal flowering period as explanatory variables. 3. The best
 performing OLS and PGLS models for simple‐flowered species consistently
 included vegetation belt and floral biomass, and with PGLS, pollination
 efficiency and flowering period. For pseudanthial species, explanatory
 variables were always floral biomass and its interaction with elevation.
 Effects of life history and generalized pollination was not found.
 Ovule/floret number showed high phylogenetic signal, increased with floral
 biomass and was generally higher in the upper alpine belt in both floral
 categories. Simple‐flowered species with efficient pollination and
 flowering early, respectively, had larger ovule numbers. 4. Synthesis.
 Ovule number increases with elevation in the central Chilean alpine in two
 separate floral groups independently of some effects of flowering period
 and pollinator efficiency. Greater disparity in pollen deposition on
 stigmas than with inefficient pollination under low visitation rates might
 explain the association between efficient pollination and higher ovule
 numbers. Our study provides the first empirical evidence for ovule
 bet‐hedging in the alpine environment. Future studies on the ovule
 bet‐hedging hypothesis should include a measure of flower size.
description: Data Archive for Arroyo
 et al.: Ovule bet-hedging at high elevation in the South American
 Andes.This file contains data
 on alpine vegetation belt, life history, flowering period, pollinators,
 level of pollinator efficiency, level of pollination generalization as
 measured by Simpson´s Diversity Index, ovule number per flower and floral
 biomass for 174 above-treeline species sampled between 2100 and 3650
 m.a.s.l. in the central Chilean Andes (33°S).Data Archive for Arroyo et al
 06,07.18.docx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.24bdur
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 62127745 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Coragyps atratus, Elanoides forficatus, Geranoaetus melanoleucus, Gymnogyps californianus, Gyps africanus, Gyps bengalensis, Gyps fulvus, Gyps rueppellii, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Haliaeetus leucoryphus, Haliaeetus pelagicus, Haliaeetus vocifer, Melierax metabates, Milvus migrans, Necrosyrtes monachus, Parabuteo unicinctus, Spizaetus melanoleucus, Terathopius ecaudatus, Aix galericulata, Aix sponsa, Alopochen aegyptiaca, Amazonetta brasiliensis, Anas acuta, Anas aucklandica, Anas bahamensis, Anas capensis, Anas castanea, Anas erythrorhyncha, Anas flavirostris, Anas gibberifrons, Anas gracilis, Anas laysanensis, Anas luzonica, Anas platyrhynchos)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 62127745 records from 7560 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001352-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.57701/suf.rtbn.2003.1-0
title: Versichertenrentenbestand 2003
title: SUF
title: RTBN

description: Scientific Use File Versichertenrentenbestand (SUF.RTBN):Grundlage des Querschnittsdatensatzes SUF.RTBN ist die Rentenbestandsstatistik (§ 7 RSVwV, SK90), die alle Rentenbestandsfälle zum Dezember des Berichtsjahres umfasst. Die Grundgesamtheit des SUF.RTBN bilden Alters- und Erwerbsminderungsrenten sowie reine Kindererziehungsleistungen. Die Größe der Zufallsstichprobe beträgt 1 Prozent. Berichtet wird neben demographischen Angaben über wichtige rentenrechtliche Sachverhalte wie beispielsweise Rentenhöhe, Komponenten des Rentenzahlbetrages, Entgeltpunkte sowie angerechnete versicherungsrechtliche Zeiten.
DOI: 10.17632/vc9sbk9cx5
title: Supplement 1: Risk of Major Systemic Complications in Patients with Cutaneous Vasculitis

description: Supplement 1: Risk of Major Systemic Complications in Patients with Cutaneous Vasculitis
DOI: 10.17632/vc9sbk9cx5.1
title: Supplement 1: Risk of Major Systemic Complications in Patients with Cutaneous Vasculitis

description: Supplement 1: Risk of Major Systemic Complications in Patients with Cutaneous Vasculitis