cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140758
title: C2MBench

description: 1. Dataset Summary

C2MBENCH is a large-scale benchmark dataset specifically constructed for fine-grained Conventional Commits (CCS) classification research. Based on the CCS specification, it provides high-quality commit data with verified types and scopes across multiple programming languages.

The dataset contains 93,807 CCS-compliant commits extracted from 119 high-quality repositories. It spans a wide temporal range (April 2017 to February 2023) and includes 142 distinct commit types and 6,633 unique scopes.

2. Dataset Structure

Data Splits

We employ a strict temporal split to simulate real-world scenarios, ensuring that repositories are tracked continuously over time.






File
Count
Usage




train.json
74,581
Model training


valid.json
9,939
Hyperparameter tuning


test.json
9,287
Final performance evaluation





Language Distribution (by Repository)

The benchmark covers 9 key programming languages:






Language
Repositories
Language
Repositories




TypeScript
61
Rust
2


JavaScript
34
Java
2


Go
11
C++
1


Python
4
Kotlin
1


C#
3
 
 





3. Data Schema

Each record in the dataset is a JSON object representing a single commit. Below is a description of the key fields:






Field
Type
Description




hash
string
Unique identifier for the commit.


message
string
The full original commit message.


commit_type
string
The extracted CCS type (e.g., feat, fix, chore).


commit_scope
string
The extracted CCS scope (can be null if not provided).


is_CCS
integer
Binary indicator (1) for CCS compliance.


language
string
Programming language of the repository.


repo
string
Full name of the source repository (Owner/Repo).


mods
array
List of modified files, including diff, new_path, and old_path.


date
string
Timestamp of the commit.


license
string
Original license of the source repository.





4. Construction Principles

The construction of C2MBENCH prioritizes Scale, Quality, and Repository Continuity:



Keyword Detection: Identifying repositories explicitly adopting CCS ("conventionalcommits.org").

Format Validation: Using a robust parser to validate <type>[optional scope]: <description>.

Temporal Alignment: Discarding all commits preceding the repository’s formal adoption of CCS to ensure data purity.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140757
title: C2MBench

description: 1. Dataset Summary

C2MBENCH is a large-scale benchmark dataset specifically constructed for fine-grained Conventional Commits (CCS) classification research. Based on the CCS specification, it provides high-quality commit data with verified types and scopes across multiple programming languages.

The dataset contains 93,807 CCS-compliant commits extracted from 119 high-quality repositories. It spans a wide temporal range (April 2017 to February 2023) and includes 142 distinct commit types and 6,633 unique scopes.

2. Dataset Structure

Data Splits

We employ a strict temporal split to simulate real-world scenarios, ensuring that repositories are tracked continuously over time.






File
Count
Usage




train.json
74,581
Model training


valid.json
9,939
Hyperparameter tuning


test.json
9,287
Final performance evaluation





Language Distribution (by Repository)

The benchmark covers 9 key programming languages:






Language
Repositories
Language
Repositories




TypeScript
61
Rust
2


JavaScript
34
Java
2


Go
11
C++
1


Python
4
Kotlin
1


C#
3
 
 





3. Data Schema

Each record in the dataset is a JSON object representing a single commit. Below is a description of the key fields:






Field
Type
Description




hash
string
Unique identifier for the commit.


message
string
The full original commit message.


commit_type
string
The extracted CCS type (e.g., feat, fix, chore).


commit_scope
string
The extracted CCS scope (can be null if not provided).


is_CCS
integer
Binary indicator (1) for CCS compliance.


language
string
Programming language of the repository.


repo
string
Full name of the source repository (Owner/Repo).


mods
array
List of modified files, including diff, new_path, and old_path.


date
string
Timestamp of the commit.


license
string
Original license of the source repository.





4. Construction Principles

The construction of C2MBENCH prioritizes Scale, Quality, and Repository Continuity:



Keyword Detection: Identifying repositories explicitly adopting CCS ("conventionalcommits.org").

Format Validation: Using a robust parser to validate <type>[optional scope]: <description>.

Temporal Alignment: Discarding all commits preceding the repository’s formal adoption of CCS to ensure data purity.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14802031
title: A bioengineered human urothelial organoid model reveals the urine-urothelium interplay in tissue resilience and UPEC recurrence in urinary tract infections
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14802032
title: A bioengineered human urothelial organoid model reveals the urine-urothelium interplay in tissue resilience and UPEC recurrence in urinary tract infections
DOI: 10.15468/dl.96p44k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3000 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Persicaria nepalensis)",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3000 records from 144 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072007-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140885
title: Metzingen, Stadt-Apotheke (ca. 1924/1947)

description: Historical questionnaire/s 1924/1948 and index cards, partly selected enclosures regarding the history of a German pharmacy, catalogued via Kalliope portal (Historischer Fragebogen 1924/1948 und Karteikarten, ggf. gemeinfreie Anlagen zur Apothekengeschichte; als Katalog dient das Nachlassportal Kalliope): https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-70963 [Funktion: Im Findbuch anzeigen]Please note: The Kalliope catalogue entry might indicate related material in the archival folder which cannot be published due to copyright or other legal restrictions (NB: Das Katalogisat bei Kalliope kann auch auf Materialien - teils erheblichen Umfangs - verweisen, die aus archiv- oder urheberrechtlichen Gründen nicht veröffentlicht werden dürfen).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140884
title: Metzingen, Stadt-Apotheke (ca. 1924/1947)

description: Historical questionnaire/s 1924/1948 and index cards, partly selected enclosures regarding the history of a German pharmacy, catalogued via Kalliope portal (Historischer Fragebogen 1924/1948 und Karteikarten, ggf. gemeinfreie Anlagen zur Apothekengeschichte; als Katalog dient das Nachlassportal Kalliope): https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-70963 [Funktion: Im Findbuch anzeigen]Please note: The Kalliope catalogue entry might indicate related material in the archival folder which cannot be published due to copyright or other legal restrictions (NB: Das Katalogisat bei Kalliope kann auch auf Materialien - teils erheblichen Umfangs - verweisen, die aus archiv- oder urheberrechtlichen Gründen nicht veröffentlicht werden dürfen).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140892
title: 4-the-echo-protocol-cover-abkhaz.pdf
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140893
title: 4-the-echo-protocol-cover-abkhaz.pdf
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jahzn5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 46 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 kingdom,
 kingdomkey,
 phylum,
 phylumkey,
 class,
 classkey,
 "order",
 orderkey,
 family,
 familykey,
 genus,
 genuskey,
 species,
 specieskey,
 "year",
 IF(ISNULL(kingdomkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY kingdomkey, "year")) kingdomcount,
 IF(ISNULL(phylumkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY phylumkey, "year")) phylumcount,
 IF(ISNULL(classkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY classkey, "year")) classcount,
 IF(ISNULL(orderkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY orderkey, "year")) ordercount,
 IF(ISNULL(familykey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY familykey, "year")) familycount,
 IF(ISNULL(genuskey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY genuskey, "year")) genuscount,
 COUNT(*) occurrences,
 MIN(GBIF_TEMPORALUNCERTAINTY(eventdate, eventtime)) mintemporaluncertainty,
 MIN(COALESCE(coordinateuncertaintyinmeters, 1000)) mincoordinateuncertaintyinmeters
FROM
 occurrence
WHERE
 occurrence.basisofrecord IN ('OCCURRENCE', 'FOSSIL_SPECIMEN', 'PRESERVED_SPECIMEN', 'MATERIAL_SAMPLE', 'HUMAN_OBSERVATION', 'MACHINE_OBSERVATION', 'OBSERVATION')
 AND occurrence.continent = 'ASIA'
 AND occurrence.countrycode = 'CN'
 AND occurrence.hascoordinate = TRUE
 AND occurrence.hasgeospatialissues = FALSE
 AND LOWER(occurrence.iucnredlistcategory) IN (LOWER('CR'), LOWER('EN'), LOWER('VU'))
 AND occurrence.occurrencestatus = 'PRESENT'
 AND (CAST(occurrence.taxonkey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.acceptedtaxonkey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.kingdomkey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.phylumkey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.classkey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.orderkey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.familykey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.genuskey AS INTEGER) = 54 OR CAST(occurrence.specieskey AS INTEGER) = 54)
 AND (occurrence."year" &gt;= 1991 AND occurrence."year" &lt;= 2020)
 AND NOT GBIF_STRINGARRAYCONTAINS(occurrence.issue, 'TAXON_MATCH_FUZZY', TRUE)
 AND (occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters &gt;= 2000.0 OR occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters IS NULL)
 AND (occurrence.specieskey IS NOT NULL AND occurrence."year" IS NOT NULL)
GROUP BY
 occurrence.kingdom,
 occurrence.kingdomkey,
 occurrence.phylum,
 occurrence.phylumkey,
 occurrence.class,
 occurrence.classkey,
 occurrence."order",
 occurrence.orderkey,
 occurrence.family,
 occurrence.familykey,
 occurrence.genus,
 occurrence.genuskey,
 occurrence.species,
 occurrence.specieskey,
 occurrence."year"

 The dataset's 46 records were derived from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0071996-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vxry87
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 40 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Crepis crocea",
 "Year 1960-2000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 40 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072009-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/4yk5nf
title: First record of the leafhopper genus Pedionis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Macropsini) from Malaysia with description of a new species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wang, Dongming, Zhang, Yalin (2024): First record of the leafhopper genus Pedionis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Macropsini) from Malaysia with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5543 (2): 237-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.5AbstractThe genus Pedionis with its species Pedionis (Pedionis) rufoscutellata Huang & Viraktamath, 1993 is recorded for the first time from Malaysia. A new species Pedionis (Pedionis) spiculata sp. nov. is described and illustrated. An updated species checklist with distribution of the genus Pedionis is also provided.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ggc276
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 48 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Herklotsichthys dispilonotus",
 "Year 2000-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 48 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072010-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5u8p8v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 215 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is one of (Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia)",
 "TaxonKey is Branchiura sowerbyi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 215 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072011-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14383295
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140897
title: Metzingen, Adler-Apotheke (ca. 1924/1947)

description: Historical questionnaire/s 1924/1948 and index cards, partly selected enclosures regarding the history of a German pharmacy, catalogued via Kalliope portal (Historischer Fragebogen 1924/1948 und Karteikarten, ggf. gemeinfreie Anlagen zur Apothekengeschichte; als Katalog dient das Nachlassportal Kalliope): https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-70963 [Funktion: Im Findbuch anzeigen]Please note: The Kalliope catalogue entry might indicate related material in the archival folder which cannot be published due to copyright or other legal restrictions (NB: Das Katalogisat bei Kalliope kann auch auf Materialien - teils erheblichen Umfangs - verweisen, die aus archiv- oder urheberrechtlichen Gründen nicht veröffentlicht werden dürfen).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18140898
title: Metzingen, Adler-Apotheke (ca. 1924/1947)

description: Historical questionnaire/s 1924/1948 and index cards, partly selected enclosures regarding the history of a German pharmacy, catalogued via Kalliope portal (Historischer Fragebogen 1924/1948 und Karteikarten, ggf. gemeinfreie Anlagen zur Apothekengeschichte; als Katalog dient das Nachlassportal Kalliope): https://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-BF-70963 [Funktion: Im Findbuch anzeigen]Please note: The Kalliope catalogue entry might indicate related material in the archival folder which cannot be published due to copyright or other legal restrictions (NB: Das Katalogisat bei Kalliope kann auch auf Materialien - teils erheblichen Umfangs - verweisen, die aus archiv- oder urheberrechtlichen Gründen nicht veröffentlicht werden dürfen).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jf3bh2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is one of (Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia)",
 "TaxonKey is Chaetogammarus ischnus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072012-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.44v7w5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 35 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Crepis multicaulis",
 "Year 1000-2000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 35 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072013-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pgrg42
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4185 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Occurrence evidence, Fossil, Specimen, Material sample, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Observation)",
 "Continent is Asia",
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "IucnRedListCategory is one of (NT, LC)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Arthropoda",
 "Year 1991-2020"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4185 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072014-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/3y6w3d
title: Flora Helvetica - Campanulaceae

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original book chapter Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner, Andreas Gygax (2018): Flora Helvetica - Campanulaceae. In: Flora Helvetica. Bern: Haupt Verlag: 1056-1074, ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qh5jkr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 511227 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Lythrum salicaria)",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 511227 records from 2270 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072003-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3z5d2r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1025478 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Dactylis glomerata L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1025478 records from 1341 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0130074-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.c2vrwc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Apostasia parvula Schltr."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011978-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g3wyqq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5871 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5871 records from 88 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017828-190621201848488/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.f274rg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Ardisia oreophila C.M.Hu"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012009-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uhsdmm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2527 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Athetis pallustris (Hübner, 1808)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2527 records from 71 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0127041-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.no0jnu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 26612498 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Poaceae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 26612498 records from 2534 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017830-190621201848488/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j93dxg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 212 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Drimycarpus Hook.f."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 212 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0199059-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6w75d8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7783 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Fumana laevipes (L.) Spach"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7783 records from 118 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0119550-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pzaphb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 174 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Aquiloeurycea cafetalera (Parra-Olea, Rovito, Márquez-Valdelmar, Cruz, Murrieta-Galindo & Wake, 2010)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 174 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0119552-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.msadgq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1146 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "TaxonKey is Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1146 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0199042-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.brltvg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1665 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((18.16864 -34.50769,19.01459 -34.50769,19.01459 -33.82137,18.16864 -33.82137,18.16864 -34.50769))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Nudibranchia",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1665 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001441-190307172214381/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3hvwan
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 163 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Sousa plumbea (G.Cuvier, 1829)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 163 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0153502-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gw3azj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6812 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Syconycteris australis (Peters, 1867)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6812 records from 38 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0086569-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.