cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126800.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Antihypertensive Medication Exposure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Our understanding of the effectiveness of cardioprotective medications in maintenance dialysis patients is based upon drug exposures assessed at a single point in time. We employed a novel, time-dependent approach to modeling medication use over time to examine outcomes in a large national cohort. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We linked Medicaid prescription claims with United States Renal Data System registry data and Medicare claims for 52,922 hypertensive maintenance dialysis patients. All-cause mortality and a combined cardiovascular disease (CVD)-endpoint were modeled as functions of exposure to cardioprotective antihypertensive medications (renin angiotensin system antagonists, β-adrenergic blockers, and calcium channel blockers) measured with three time-dependent covariates (weekly exposure status, proportion of prior weeks with exposure, and number of switches in exposure status) and with propensity adjustment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Current cardioprotective medication exposure status as compared to not exposed was associated with lower adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for mortality, though the magnitude depended upon the proportion of prior weeks with medication (duration) and the number of switches between active and non-active use (switches) (AHR range 0.54-0.90). Combined CVD-endpoints depended upon the proportion of weeks on medication: AHR = 1.18 for 10% and AHR = 0.90 for 90% of weeks. Combined CVD-endpoint was also lower for patients with fewer switches. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Effectiveness depends not only on having a drug available but is tempered by duration and stability of use, likely reflecting variation in clinical stability and patient behavior.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126776
title: Supplementary Material for: Incidence and Relevance of Proteinuria in Bevacizumab-Treated Patients: Pooled Analysis from Randomized Controlled Trials

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> This analysis evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for bevacizumab-related proteinuria and assessed for any associated clinical sequelae, including renal function changes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patient-level adverse event and laboratory data from a pooled safety database were used to characterize alterations in urine protein excretion following interventional therapy ± bevacizumab in 17 randomized trials across multiple tumor types. Severity of renal function change was assessed using changes in serum creatinine concentration from baseline values. Potential predictors of proteinuria and the association between proteinuria and other adverse events were also investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 14,548 patients, the incidence of any-grade proteinuria was 8.2% (733/8,917) and 4.6% (257/5,631) in the bevacizumab and control groups, respectively; rates of grade ≥3 proteinuria were 1.4 and 0.2%. Post-baseline proteinuria grade and bevacizumab were associated with increased rates of renal dysfunction. Patients developing proteinuria had an increased rate of any-grade infection but not thromboembolic events. History of diabetes was the only examined risk factor that appeared to have a significant association with proteinuria development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This analysis confirmed a significant increase in the development of proteinuria during bevacizumab treatment. We also observed an increased rate of renal dysfunction associated with bevacizumab treatment and among subjects with proteinuria, although the dysfunction was generally mild. The development of proteinuria was also associated with a modest increase in risk of infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126785.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Fahr's Disease Linked to a Novel <b><i>SLC20A2 </i></b>Gene Mutation Manifesting with Dynamic Aphasia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), also known as Fahr's disease, is a rare disorder characterized by widespread cerebral calcifications, an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The recently identified IBGC gene, <i>SLC20A2,</i> encodes for type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2 and its loss-of-function mutations may lead to the regional accumulation of inorganic phosphate in the brain, causing calcium phosphate deposition. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To describe the clinical, neuroimaging and genetic findings in an Italian family with IBGC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The family members underwent clinical and radiological examination in order to diagnose IBGC according to standard criteria and screening for <i>SLC20A2</i> gene mutations. The affected subjects also underwent neuropsychological longitudinal assessments and functional neuroimaging investigations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 2 affected family members harbored a novel missense mutation, G1618A, in the <i>SLC20A2</i> gene, leading to gly540-to-arg (G540R) substitution in a highly conserved residue. This is the first <i>SLC20A2 </i>gene mutation associated with familial IBGC reported in the Italian population and is damaging according to all prediction programs. In the index case we observed a fair correlation between cortical areas with no calcifications but with significant hypometabolism at [18F]FDG-PET (inferior frontal premotor cortex) and the neuropsychological picture dominated by dynamic aphasia and buccofacial apraxia. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings expand the catalog of <i>SLC20A2</i> mutations identified to date and add dynamic aphasia to the spectrum of neuropsychological deficits reported in IBGC, supporting the use of functional neuroimaging studies for better investigation of genotype-phenotype correlations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126788.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation as Rescue Therapy for Refractory Dyskinesias following Effective Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) can effectively treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but dual implantation is rare. We report the first cases of additional GPi stimulation as rescue therapy for disabling dyskinesias following successful STN stimulation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two patients, initially treated with bilateral STN DBS, underwent subsequent bilateral GPi DBS after the development of refractory dyskinesias within 1 and 6 years of STN surgery. Patients were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) before and after surgeries for STN and GPi DBS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> GPi DBS effectively suppressed dyskinesias in these patients and improved their quality of life, as demonstrated by their videos and UPDRS scores. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Additional bilateral GPi DBS may be considered in the rare instance of patients who develop refractory dyskinesias early or late after bilateral STN DBS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126779
title: Supplementary Material for: Genomic Characteristics and Changes of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain CK/CH/LDL/97I after Serial Passages in Chicken Embryos

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> We previously attenuated the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain CK/CH/LDL/97I and found that it can convey protection against the homologous pathogenic virus. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To compare the full-length genome sequences of the Chinese IBV strain CK/CH/LDL/97I and its embryo-passaged, attenuated level to identify sequence substitutions responsible for the attenuation and define markers of attenuation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The full-length genomes of CK/CH/LDL/97I P5 and P115 were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were assembled and compared using the MEGALIGN program (DNAStar) and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA4 software. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The CK/CH/LDL/97I virus population contained subpopulations with a mixture of genetic mutants. Changes were observed in nsp4, nsp9, nsp11/12, nsp14, nsp15, nsp16, and ORF3a, but these did not result in amino acid substitutions or did not show functional variations. Amino acid substitutions occurred in the remaining genes between P5 and P115; most were found in the S region, and some of the nucleotide mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions. Among the 9 nsps in the ORF1 region, nsp3 contained the most nucleotide substitutions. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Sequence variations in different genes, especially the S gene and nsp3, in the genomes of CK/CH/LDL/97I viruses might contribute to differences in viral replication, pathogenicity, antigenicity, immunogenicity, and tissue tropism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126767
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect of Orally Administered Potentized Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Humans: A Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trial

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>A homeopathic pathogenetic trial is a procedure to examine the disease-producing effect of any substance on humans. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are known as pain-producing agents. According to the homeopathic law of similars, any substance having the capacity to produce certain symptoms should also be able to treat them in return, when administered in small (potentized) dose. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>In a doubleblind, randomized placebo-controlled homeopathic pathogenetic trial with 22 volunteers, 15 received a combination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin as a single remedy in 30c potency, while 7 received placebo. The volunteers' symptoms during 5 weeks were carefully noted as per protocol. The participants signed an informed consent, the study was approved by the ethics committee, and laboratory investigations were documented and safety measures adopted. <b><i>Results: </i></b>A preparation of orally administered ultra-high diluted capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin unveiled qualitatively and quantitatively distinct symptoms, comparable with effects of the crude substance. Compared to placebo, the homeopathic preparation produced significant symptoms in healthy human volunteers. These findings can subsequently be used therapeutically. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>The administration of potentized capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin combination produced symptoms of pain (and others) in healthy volunteers. This preparation can be applied therapeutically following a basic homeopathic principle. Further research to confirm the assumptions is warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126770
title: Supplementary Material for: Africa in Transition: Growth Trends in Children and Implications for Nutrition

description: The aims of this paper were to: (1) review the literature and examine contemporary child growth in terms of stunting prevalence across Africa; (2) discuss child stunting within the context of economic growth and adult obesity, and (3) elucidate the implications for child nutrition. It is evident that stunting in under-5-year-old children still plagues Africa and has not decreased as expected in line with the concomitant improvement in economic development over the past decade. Persisting and possibly widening inequality ensures that not all segments of the population, in particular the most vulnerable, benefit equally from economic growth. Of concern is the association between the increasing economic progress across Africa and the rising adult obesity, especially amongst females. More and more African countries are now afflicted with a double burden of malnutrition. The implication for child nutrition is that African countries need not only apply a multisectoral approach to accelerate the reduction in stunting levels, but also to arrest and prevent obesity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126773
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Behçet's Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with BD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All adult patients diagnosed with BD from the National Inpatient Sample database using the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision (ICD-9 code 136.1) during 2009-2010 were included in the analysis. We analyzed the demographics, traditional risk factors, prevalence, and predictors of CAD in patients with BD using ICD-9 codes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of BD among adults was 0.006% (n = 2,540) of all in-hospital admissions in the USA. The mean age was 43.9 years, with women (45 years) being older than men (40 years) (p &lt; 0.001). Traditional risk factors prevalent in our study were hypertension (35%), hyperlipidemia (17.4%), diabetes mellitus (13.8%), smoking (13.1%), and obesity (7.2%). The prevalence of CAD was 12.1%. Hypertension (OR = 2.20, p = 0.03) and hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.34, p = 0.02) were found to be independent predictors of CAD in a multimodel regression analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In patients with BD, traditional risk factors associated with CAD were similar to what is expected in the overall population. However, the young age of patients with CAD in this population suggests an accelerated course of atherosclerosis in BD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126764
title: Supplementary Material for: Detailed Assessment of Renal Function in a Proband with Harboyan Syndrome Caused by a Novel Homozygous <b><i>SLC4A11 </i></b>Nonsense Mutation

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> To identify the underlying molecular genetic cause of disease in a patient with Harboyan syndrome and to perform a detailed assessment of her renal function. We also assessed the influence of the <i>SLC4A11</i> mutation identified on the corneal endothelium in the heterozygous state. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A 55-year-old female was examined ophthalmologically, audiologically and nephrologically including 24-hour urine collection. The coding region of <i>SLC4A11</i> was directly sequenced. Specular microscopy was performed in the proband's 21-year-old daughter. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The proband had bilateral iridectomy at the age of 3 months because of an initial diagnosis of congenital glaucoma and since the age of 12 years she underwent several keratoplasties in each eye. Nephrological examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was confirmed by audiometry. A novel homozygous mutation predicted to lead to a premature stop codon at the protein level, c.2188C&gt;T; p.(Arg730*), was identified in <i>SLC4A11</i>. No changes in corneal endothelial cell morphology or density were observed in the heterozygous daughter. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In contrast to the <i>Slc4a11</i><sup>-/-</sup> mouse, no abnormalities in daily renal ion excretion or polyuria were observed in the Harboyan syndrome patient. The mutation identified does not affect corneal endothelial cell morphology or density in the heterozygous state. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126767.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect of Orally Administered Potentized Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Humans: A Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trial

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>A homeopathic pathogenetic trial is a procedure to examine the disease-producing effect of any substance on humans. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are known as pain-producing agents. According to the homeopathic law of similars, any substance having the capacity to produce certain symptoms should also be able to treat them in return, when administered in small (potentized) dose. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>In a doubleblind, randomized placebo-controlled homeopathic pathogenetic trial with 22 volunteers, 15 received a combination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin as a single remedy in 30c potency, while 7 received placebo. The volunteers' symptoms during 5 weeks were carefully noted as per protocol. The participants signed an informed consent, the study was approved by the ethics committee, and laboratory investigations were documented and safety measures adopted. <b><i>Results: </i></b>A preparation of orally administered ultra-high diluted capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin unveiled qualitatively and quantitatively distinct symptoms, comparable with effects of the crude substance. Compared to placebo, the homeopathic preparation produced significant symptoms in healthy human volunteers. These findings can subsequently be used therapeutically. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>The administration of potentized capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin combination produced symptoms of pain (and others) in healthy volunteers. This preparation can be applied therapeutically following a basic homeopathic principle. Further research to confirm the assumptions is warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126770.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Africa in Transition: Growth Trends in Children and Implications for Nutrition

description: The aims of this paper were to: (1) review the literature and examine contemporary child growth in terms of stunting prevalence across Africa; (2) discuss child stunting within the context of economic growth and adult obesity, and (3) elucidate the implications for child nutrition. It is evident that stunting in under-5-year-old children still plagues Africa and has not decreased as expected in line with the concomitant improvement in economic development over the past decade. Persisting and possibly widening inequality ensures that not all segments of the population, in particular the most vulnerable, benefit equally from economic growth. Of concern is the association between the increasing economic progress across Africa and the rising adult obesity, especially amongst females. More and more African countries are now afflicted with a double burden of malnutrition. The implication for child nutrition is that African countries need not only apply a multisectoral approach to accelerate the reduction in stunting levels, but also to arrest and prevent obesity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126779.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Genomic Characteristics and Changes of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain CK/CH/LDL/97I after Serial Passages in Chicken Embryos

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> We previously attenuated the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain CK/CH/LDL/97I and found that it can convey protection against the homologous pathogenic virus. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To compare the full-length genome sequences of the Chinese IBV strain CK/CH/LDL/97I and its embryo-passaged, attenuated level to identify sequence substitutions responsible for the attenuation and define markers of attenuation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The full-length genomes of CK/CH/LDL/97I P5 and P115 were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were assembled and compared using the MEGALIGN program (DNAStar) and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA4 software. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The CK/CH/LDL/97I virus population contained subpopulations with a mixture of genetic mutants. Changes were observed in nsp4, nsp9, nsp11/12, nsp14, nsp15, nsp16, and ORF3a, but these did not result in amino acid substitutions or did not show functional variations. Amino acid substitutions occurred in the remaining genes between P5 and P115; most were found in the S region, and some of the nucleotide mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions. Among the 9 nsps in the ORF1 region, nsp3 contained the most nucleotide substitutions. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Sequence variations in different genes, especially the S gene and nsp3, in the genomes of CK/CH/LDL/97I viruses might contribute to differences in viral replication, pathogenicity, antigenicity, immunogenicity, and tissue tropism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126761
title: Supplementary Material for: Metagenome of Mehsani Buffalo Rumen Microbiota: An Assessment of Variation in Feed-Dependent Phylogenetic and Functional Classification

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To gain a greater understanding of the ecology and metabolic potential of the rumen microbiome with the changes in the animal diet. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Diet composed of varying proportion of green and dry roughages along with grains was given to 8 Mehsani buffaloes, and rumen metagenome was sketched using shotgun semiconductor sequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the present study, the Bacteroidetes were found to be dominant at the phyla level and <i>Prevotella</i> at the genus level. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was found to be higher in the solid fraction as compared to the liquid fraction. In the solid fraction of the dry roughage group, the significant increment (p &lt; 0.05) in Bacteroidetes abundance was observed with increment of roughage concentration. At the genus level, <i>Clostridium</i> significantly increased with the increment in roughage concentration. A comparison of glycoside hydrolase and cellulosome functional genes revealed more glycoside hydrolase 3 encoding genes with higher fiber diet and significant difference in carbohydrate-active enzymes family composition between green and dry roughage groups of the liquid fraction. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present study provides a base to understand the modulating behavior of microbiota which can be manipulated to improve livestock nutrient utilization efficiency and for targeting the efficient catabolism of complex carbohydrate molecules as well.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126755
title: Supplementary Material for: Early Infant Feeding and Adiposity Risk: From Infancy to Adulthood

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Systematic reviews suggest that a longer duration of breast-feeding is associated with a reduction in the risk of later overweight and obesity. Most studies examining breast-feeding in relation to adiposity have not used longitudinal analysis. In our study, we aimed to examine early infant feeding and adiposity risk in a longitudinal cohort from birth to young adulthood using new as well as published data. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study in Perth, W.A., Australia, were used to examine associations between breast-feeding and measures of adiposity at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Breast-feeding was measured in a number of ways. Longer breast-feeding (in months) was associated with reductions in weight z-scores between birth and 1 year (β = -0.027; p &lt; 0.001) in the adjusted analysis. At 3 years, breast-feeding for &lt;4 months increased the odds of infants experiencing early rapid growth (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.43-2.94; p &lt; 0.001). From 1 to 8 years, children breast-fed for ≤4 months compared to ≥12 months had a significantly greater probability of exceeding the 95th percentile of weight. The age at which breast-feeding was stopped and a milk other than breast milk was introduced (introduction of formula milk) played a significant role in the trajectory of the BMI from birth to 14 years; the 4-month cutoff point was consistently associated with a higher BMI trajectory. Introduction of a milk other than breast milk before 6 months compared to at 6 months or later was a risk factor for being overweight or obese at 20 years of age (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.12-1.93; p = 0.005). <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Breast-feeding until 6 months of age and beyond should be encouraged and is recommended for protection against increased adiposity in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Adverse long-term effects of early growth acceleration are fundamental in later overweight and obesity. Formula feeding stimulates a higher postnatal growth velocity, whereas breast-feeding promotes slower growth and a reduced likelihood of overweight and obesity. Biological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of breast-feeding against obesity are based on the unique composition and metabolic and physiological responses to human milk.