cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011220
title: Population fluctuation in soil meso- and macrofauna by the successive application of pig slurry

description: ABSTRACT Pig farming has increased in recent years, resulting in the production of a large quantity of liquid manure, which can be used as a source of organic fertiliser. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of pig slurry on the community of soil fauna in a system of direct seeding. The study was carried out in an experimental area in the town of Taquaruçu do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a (4 + 1) x 4 factorial scheme, comprising five fertilisation treatments, 0 (no fertiliser), 20, 40 and 80 m3 of pig slurry ha-1 and one additional treatment (mineral fertiliser), with four evaluations corresponding to the number of slurry application (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th application), and four replications. The soil fauna was sampled using PROVID traps. The following were evaluated: the relative frequency of the groups of soil fauna, the populations of springtails and mites, density, richness, Simpson's dominance index and the Shannon diversity index. The populations of mites and springtails, and indices of diversity, richness and dominance are influenced by the successive application of pig slurry. Successive applications of pig slurry increase the diversity of the soil fauna by reducing the population of organisms of the Order Collembola. Canonical correlation analysis showed an association between the number of springtails and 80 m3 of pig slurry ha-1 after the third application.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011220.v1
title: Population fluctuation in soil meso- and macrofauna by the successive application of pig slurry

description: ABSTRACT Pig farming has increased in recent years, resulting in the production of a large quantity of liquid manure, which can be used as a source of organic fertiliser. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of pig slurry on the community of soil fauna in a system of direct seeding. The study was carried out in an experimental area in the town of Taquaruçu do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a (4 + 1) x 4 factorial scheme, comprising five fertilisation treatments, 0 (no fertiliser), 20, 40 and 80 m3 of pig slurry ha-1 and one additional treatment (mineral fertiliser), with four evaluations corresponding to the number of slurry application (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th application), and four replications. The soil fauna was sampled using PROVID traps. The following were evaluated: the relative frequency of the groups of soil fauna, the populations of springtails and mites, density, richness, Simpson's dominance index and the Shannon diversity index. The populations of mites and springtails, and indices of diversity, richness and dominance are influenced by the successive application of pig slurry. Successive applications of pig slurry increase the diversity of the soil fauna by reducing the population of organisms of the Order Collembola. Canonical correlation analysis showed an association between the number of springtails and 80 m3 of pig slurry ha-1 after the third application.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011222
title: Variations in the chemical composition of the solution extracted from a Latosol under fertigation with vinasse

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the change in electrical conductivity and pH of a soil solution and its composition, with regard to the levels of nitrate and potassium, in a Latosol cultivated with pineapple and subjected to applications of different levels of vinasse. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ/USP. The treatments comprised the application of five levels of vinasse: T1 - 0 m3 ha-1, T2 - 231 m3 ha-1, T3 - 347 m3 ha-1, T4 - 462 m3 ha-1, and T5 - 578 m3 ha-1. Application was every 20 days, using a localised irrigation system with emitters having a nominal flow rate of 4 L h-1 and spaced 0.40 m apart. The applied doses of vinasse were calculated by following the recommendations of CETESB standard P4.231, so that treatment T4 would supply the demand of the pineapple plant for potassium. The solution was collected by means of porous capsule extractors at 30, 120 and 210 days from the start of vinasse application. It was found that increases in the volume of the applied levels resulted in greater values for the electrical conductivity of the soil (ECs) and in the concentration of potassium (K) and nitrate (NO3), with higher values being obtained in the 0.20 m layer. The results demonstrated that pH decreased with increases in the vinasse being applied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011222.v1
title: Variations in the chemical composition of the solution extracted from a Latosol under fertigation with vinasse

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the change in electrical conductivity and pH of a soil solution and its composition, with regard to the levels of nitrate and potassium, in a Latosol cultivated with pineapple and subjected to applications of different levels of vinasse. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ/USP. The treatments comprised the application of five levels of vinasse: T1 - 0 m3 ha-1, T2 - 231 m3 ha-1, T3 - 347 m3 ha-1, T4 - 462 m3 ha-1, and T5 - 578 m3 ha-1. Application was every 20 days, using a localised irrigation system with emitters having a nominal flow rate of 4 L h-1 and spaced 0.40 m apart. The applied doses of vinasse were calculated by following the recommendations of CETESB standard P4.231, so that treatment T4 would supply the demand of the pineapple plant for potassium. The solution was collected by means of porous capsule extractors at 30, 120 and 210 days from the start of vinasse application. It was found that increases in the volume of the applied levels resulted in greater values for the electrical conductivity of the soil (ECs) and in the concentration of potassium (K) and nitrate (NO3), with higher values being obtained in the 0.20 m layer. The results demonstrated that pH decreased with increases in the vinasse being applied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011223
title: Spatial variability of the physical attributes of soil under pasture

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of the physical attributes of the soil in areas of a Latosol, Argisol and Cambisol under pasture. Knowledge of such variability is important, as it influences the quality of the pasture and groundwater recharge. For each study area, 154 georeferenced samples were collected. To analyse the data both descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used. Spatial dependence was seen for most of the physical attributes; saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density for the three soil classes; and microporosity, macroporosity and total porosity in the areas of Cambisol and Latosol. The results of the descriptive statistics, and the fact that the pattern of spatial dependence did not remain constant, show that the class of soil, together with the slope and land use, influenced the spatial variability of the physical attributes of the soil being analysed, and that an average value is not enough to represent the spatial distribution of the analysed variables. The sample grid that was used is adequate, making it possible to capture the spatial dependence of most of the variables being analysed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011223.v1
title: Spatial variability of the physical attributes of soil under pasture

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of the physical attributes of the soil in areas of a Latosol, Argisol and Cambisol under pasture. Knowledge of such variability is important, as it influences the quality of the pasture and groundwater recharge. For each study area, 154 georeferenced samples were collected. To analyse the data both descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used. Spatial dependence was seen for most of the physical attributes; saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density for the three soil classes; and microporosity, macroporosity and total porosity in the areas of Cambisol and Latosol. The results of the descriptive statistics, and the fact that the pattern of spatial dependence did not remain constant, show that the class of soil, together with the slope and land use, influenced the spatial variability of the physical attributes of the soil being analysed, and that an average value is not enough to represent the spatial distribution of the analysed variables. The sample grid that was used is adequate, making it possible to capture the spatial dependence of most of the variables being analysed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011225
title: Development and mycorrhizal colonisation in embauba seedlings fertilised with natural phosphates and organic material

description: ABSTRACT Known locally as embauba, Cecropia pachystachya Trécul is a rustic, pioneer species with fast growth, ideal for cultivation in soils of low fertility, which explains its dependence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The symbiosis of this plant with AMF increases its efficiency in absorbing nutrients from the soil solution, especially those of low mobility such as phosphorus, which makes it possible to use phosphate fertilisers of low solubility in the production of seedlings. To evaluate this possibility, work was carried out in a greenhouse for 120 days, where natural rock phosphate was tested at five doses of P (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1) for colonisation by AMF. Also tested was the development of embauba seedlings grown in a substrate comprising natural soil (SN), natural soil with 50% (v/v) sterilised soil (SND), and natural soil with 25% (v/v) organic material (SNM). Evaluations were made of height, shoot dry weight production, stem diameter, levels of N, P, K, percentage mycorrhizal root colonisation, number of AMF spores in the substrate, soil basal respiration (RBS), microbial biomass carbon (CBM) and soil metabolic quotient (qCO2 ). Growth, stem diameter and shoot dry matter in the embauba were not benefitted by the substrates or the levels of P. However, root mycorrhizal colonisation, sporulation, RBS, CBM and qCO2 were affected by the phosphorus and organic fertilisers added to the soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011225.v1
title: Development and mycorrhizal colonisation in embauba seedlings fertilised with natural phosphates and organic material

description: ABSTRACT Known locally as embauba, Cecropia pachystachya Trécul is a rustic, pioneer species with fast growth, ideal for cultivation in soils of low fertility, which explains its dependence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The symbiosis of this plant with AMF increases its efficiency in absorbing nutrients from the soil solution, especially those of low mobility such as phosphorus, which makes it possible to use phosphate fertilisers of low solubility in the production of seedlings. To evaluate this possibility, work was carried out in a greenhouse for 120 days, where natural rock phosphate was tested at five doses of P (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1) for colonisation by AMF. Also tested was the development of embauba seedlings grown in a substrate comprising natural soil (SN), natural soil with 50% (v/v) sterilised soil (SND), and natural soil with 25% (v/v) organic material (SNM). Evaluations were made of height, shoot dry weight production, stem diameter, levels of N, P, K, percentage mycorrhizal root colonisation, number of AMF spores in the substrate, soil basal respiration (RBS), microbial biomass carbon (CBM) and soil metabolic quotient (qCO2 ). Growth, stem diameter and shoot dry matter in the embauba were not benefitted by the substrates or the levels of P. However, root mycorrhizal colonisation, sporulation, RBS, CBM and qCO2 were affected by the phosphorus and organic fertilisers added to the soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011226
title: Isolation and characterization of gene sequences expressed in cotton fiber

description: ABSTRACT Cotton fiber are tubular cells which develop from the differentiation of ovule epidermis. In addition to being one of the most important natural fiber of the textile group, cotton fiber afford an excellent experimental system for studying the cell wall. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterise the genes expressed in cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to be used in future work in cotton breeding. Fiber of the cotton cultivar CNPA ITA 90 II were used to extract RNA for the subsequent generation of a cDNA library. Seventeen sequences were obtained, of which 14 were already described in the NCBI database (National Centre for Biotechnology Information), such as those encoding the lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) and arabinogalactans (AGP). However, other cDNAs such as the B05 clone, which displays homology with the glycosyltransferases, have still not been described for this crop. Nevertheless, results showed that several clones obtained in this study are associated with cell wall proteins, wall-modifying enzymes and lipid transfer proteins directly involved in fiber development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011226.v1
title: Isolation and characterization of gene sequences expressed in cotton fiber

description: ABSTRACT Cotton fiber are tubular cells which develop from the differentiation of ovule epidermis. In addition to being one of the most important natural fiber of the textile group, cotton fiber afford an excellent experimental system for studying the cell wall. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterise the genes expressed in cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to be used in future work in cotton breeding. Fiber of the cotton cultivar CNPA ITA 90 II were used to extract RNA for the subsequent generation of a cDNA library. Seventeen sequences were obtained, of which 14 were already described in the NCBI database (National Centre for Biotechnology Information), such as those encoding the lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) and arabinogalactans (AGP). However, other cDNAs such as the B05 clone, which displays homology with the glycosyltransferases, have still not been described for this crop. Nevertheless, results showed that several clones obtained in this study are associated with cell wall proteins, wall-modifying enzymes and lipid transfer proteins directly involved in fiber development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011229
title: Alternative for the evaluation of coffee seedlings using Fisher's discriminant analysis

description: ABSTRACT One of the applications of Fisher's linear discriminant function (FDF) is its use in transforming multivariate data into a new univariate variable. This then makes possible a new option for the variance analysis of multivariate data, in addition to the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The aim of this work was to select groups of seven characteristics of quality in coffee seedlings using six criteria for selection, to use the FDF to transform such groupings of characteristics into a new variable, and then to compare interpretation of the results obtained from the univariate and multivariate analyses of variance of the characteristics and this new variable, with a view to its use in evaluating coffee seedlings. A randomised block design was used to assess the effect of organic fertiliser on the formation of seedlings in coffee cv. Catuaí Vermelho IAC-44, evaluating the following characteristics: seedling height, diameter, root length, dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf area, number of leaves and total dry weight. According to the selection criteria used, different subsets of the selected characteristics are possible. The use of the FDF is shown to be viable in discriminating between treatments. Univariate analysis of the new variable obtained with the FDF and multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was able to detect differences between the treatments, however, it is simpler to apply FDF methodology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011229.v1
title: Alternative for the evaluation of coffee seedlings using Fisher's discriminant analysis

description: ABSTRACT One of the applications of Fisher's linear discriminant function (FDF) is its use in transforming multivariate data into a new univariate variable. This then makes possible a new option for the variance analysis of multivariate data, in addition to the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The aim of this work was to select groups of seven characteristics of quality in coffee seedlings using six criteria for selection, to use the FDF to transform such groupings of characteristics into a new variable, and then to compare interpretation of the results obtained from the univariate and multivariate analyses of variance of the characteristics and this new variable, with a view to its use in evaluating coffee seedlings. A randomised block design was used to assess the effect of organic fertiliser on the formation of seedlings in coffee cv. Catuaí Vermelho IAC-44, evaluating the following characteristics: seedling height, diameter, root length, dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf area, number of leaves and total dry weight. According to the selection criteria used, different subsets of the selected characteristics are possible. The use of the FDF is shown to be viable in discriminating between treatments. Univariate analysis of the new variable obtained with the FDF and multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was able to detect differences between the treatments, however, it is simpler to apply FDF methodology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011231
title: Inoculation of maize with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed furrow

description: ABSTRACT Several studies addressing the inoculation of cereals with diazotrophic microorganisms can be found in the literature. However, in many experiments, investigators have overlooked the feasibility of applying these microorganisms to the furrow together with the seed, and the effect of bacterial concentration on phytostimulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses of an inoculant based on Azospirillum brasilense, applied to the seed furrow when planting maize, combined with different doses of nitrogen fertiliser. The experiment was carried out in the field, in soil of the cerrado region of Brazil. An experimental design of randomised blocks in bands was adopted, comprising nitrogen (40, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) and doses of an A. brasilense-based liquid inoculant applied to the seed furrow (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL ha-1). The dose of 200 mL ha-1Azospirillum was noteworthy for grain production. This is the first report of the effective application of Azospirillum in the seed furrow when planting maize in the cerrado region of Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011231.v1
title: Inoculation of maize with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed furrow

description: ABSTRACT Several studies addressing the inoculation of cereals with diazotrophic microorganisms can be found in the literature. However, in many experiments, investigators have overlooked the feasibility of applying these microorganisms to the furrow together with the seed, and the effect of bacterial concentration on phytostimulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses of an inoculant based on Azospirillum brasilense, applied to the seed furrow when planting maize, combined with different doses of nitrogen fertiliser. The experiment was carried out in the field, in soil of the cerrado region of Brazil. An experimental design of randomised blocks in bands was adopted, comprising nitrogen (40, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) and doses of an A. brasilense-based liquid inoculant applied to the seed furrow (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL ha-1). The dose of 200 mL ha-1Azospirillum was noteworthy for grain production. This is the first report of the effective application of Azospirillum in the seed furrow when planting maize in the cerrado region of Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011232
title: Biometrics in noni plants under irrigation with saline water and the leaching of salts from the soil

description: ABSTRACT The use of water with a high salt content is seen as an alternative in global agricultural production; but there is a need for technologies that reduce the impact on soil and crop yields, such as employing leaching of salts from the soil or the use of salt-tolerant species. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of the noni plant (Morinda citrifolia L.) when submitted to irrigation and washing the soil with water of increasing salinity. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse environment of the Centre for Agricultural Science, at the Federal University of Paraiba in Areia, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The design was of randomised blocks, with four replications and two plants per lot, using a 5×2 factorial arrangement, representing the five values for electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 dS m-1), with and without drainage for washing the soil and leaching the salts. Increases in the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water raised the saline character of the soil to values that compromised biometric growth and the total biomass production of the noni plants, whether with or without the leaching of salts; this was more severe for all variables in the soil with no drainage. The plants in soil where there was no leaching, did not survive irrigation with water at an estimated salinity of 5.28 dS m-1, displayed less than adequate growth in height, stem diameter, leaf emission and leaf area, and produced low levels of biomass under irrigation with water at an electrical conductivity of 4.5 dS m-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011232.v1
title: Biometrics in noni plants under irrigation with saline water and the leaching of salts from the soil

description: ABSTRACT The use of water with a high salt content is seen as an alternative in global agricultural production; but there is a need for technologies that reduce the impact on soil and crop yields, such as employing leaching of salts from the soil or the use of salt-tolerant species. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of the noni plant (Morinda citrifolia L.) when submitted to irrigation and washing the soil with water of increasing salinity. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse environment of the Centre for Agricultural Science, at the Federal University of Paraiba in Areia, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The design was of randomised blocks, with four replications and two plants per lot, using a 5×2 factorial arrangement, representing the five values for electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 dS m-1), with and without drainage for washing the soil and leaching the salts. Increases in the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water raised the saline character of the soil to values that compromised biometric growth and the total biomass production of the noni plants, whether with or without the leaching of salts; this was more severe for all variables in the soil with no drainage. The plants in soil where there was no leaching, did not survive irrigation with water at an estimated salinity of 5.28 dS m-1, displayed less than adequate growth in height, stem diameter, leaf emission and leaf area, and produced low levels of biomass under irrigation with water at an electrical conductivity of 4.5 dS m-1.