cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7944146.v1
title: Is alternate wetting and drying irrigation technique enough to reduce methane emission from a tropical rice paddy?

description: Combination of a pre-season wet soil condition and rice straw incorporation just before transplanting, which is typical for a tropical rice double cropping, can induce a flash of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emission shortly after the transplanting. The conventional practice of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation technique that typically starts at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) can hardly reduce this emission because the soil become methanogenic before the onset of AWD treatment. Field experiments were conducted in Central Luzon, Philippines, during the 2014–2017 dry rice seasons to examine the effects of the timing of rice straw/stubble incorporation on the efficacy of AWD in reducing the CH<sub>4</sub> emission. Two treatments of the timing of stubble incorporation were stubbles incorporated during the start of wet land preparation (S1) and stubbles incorporated during the dry fallow tillage (S2). For the water management, we compared two treatments: continuous flooding (CF) and AWD with – 15 cm threshold for irrigation. The AWD under S2 was implemented earlier at 10 DAT. We observed a significant interaction (<i>p</i> 4 emissions; the seasonal total CH<sub>4</sub> emission was reduced by AWD compared with CF by 73% under S2, while the reduction was &lt;20% under S1. The AWD significantly (<i>p</i> 2O) emissions by 47 and 48% relative to CF under S1 and S2, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP, CH<sub>4</sub> + N<sub>2</sub>O) and yield-scaled GWP were still substantially lower by 62 and 59%, respectively, in AWD than in CF under S2, but the reduction was not realized under S1 due to the relatively smaller CH<sub>4</sub> reduction and increased N<sub>2</sub>O emission. The results confirm that pre-season aerobic stubble decomposition and earlier implementation of AWD enhanced AWD’s mitigation potential in reducing substantially the CH<sub>4</sub> emission from the tropical rice double-cropping system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7944146
title: Is alternate wetting and drying irrigation technique enough to reduce methane emission from a tropical rice paddy?

description: Combination of a pre-season wet soil condition and rice straw incorporation just before transplanting, which is typical for a tropical rice double cropping, can induce a flash of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emission shortly after the transplanting. The conventional practice of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation technique that typically starts at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) can hardly reduce this emission because the soil become methanogenic before the onset of AWD treatment. Field experiments were conducted in Central Luzon, Philippines, during the 2014–2017 dry rice seasons to examine the effects of the timing of rice straw/stubble incorporation on the efficacy of AWD in reducing the CH<sub>4</sub> emission. Two treatments of the timing of stubble incorporation were stubbles incorporated during the start of wet land preparation (S1) and stubbles incorporated during the dry fallow tillage (S2). For the water management, we compared two treatments: continuous flooding (CF) and AWD with – 15 cm threshold for irrigation. The AWD under S2 was implemented earlier at 10 DAT. We observed a significant interaction (<i>p</i> 4 emissions; the seasonal total CH<sub>4</sub> emission was reduced by AWD compared with CF by 73% under S2, while the reduction was &lt;20% under S1. The AWD significantly (<i>p</i> 2O) emissions by 47 and 48% relative to CF under S1 and S2, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP, CH<sub>4</sub> + N<sub>2</sub>O) and yield-scaled GWP were still substantially lower by 62 and 59%, respectively, in AWD than in CF under S2, but the reduction was not realized under S1 due to the relatively smaller CH<sub>4</sub> reduction and increased N<sub>2</sub>O emission. The results confirm that pre-season aerobic stubble decomposition and earlier implementation of AWD enhanced AWD’s mitigation potential in reducing substantially the CH<sub>4</sub> emission from the tropical rice double-cropping system.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/9v2vah/n3ilmm
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_1805.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/9v2vah
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 1805

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gmyyt6/to2tvo
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_1971.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/gmyyt6
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 1971

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/cdnqdn/mpcpmu
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_1974.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/cdnqdn
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 1974

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lcqvdj/atkfkh
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_0285.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lcqvdj
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 285

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/4nosyg/zppokn
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_4829.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/4nosyg
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 4829

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14401019
title: Verification of the GNAI1 gene pathogenic variant (NM_002069.6:c.815A&gt;G)

description: Data analysis from WES led to the identification of the <i>GNAI1 </i>gene sequence variant, NM_002069.6:c.815A&gt;G, p.(Asp272Gly). This variant was detected in heterozygous state in probands, but not in their parents. These results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15123849
title: Raw data of the representative 2020 Corona Survey administered in Israel

description: The PUF (Public Use Files) data of the nationally representative 2020 Corona Survey administered in Israel.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15123849.v1
title: Raw data of the representative 2020 Corona Survey administered in Israel

description: The PUF (Public Use Files) data of the nationally representative 2020 Corona Survey administered in Israel.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/qdqabk/8rw9zz
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_5002.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/qdqabk
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 5002

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nby35y/t9kit3
title: HMW_Equisetum_fluviatile_L._H_6260.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nby35y
title: Skrzyp bagienny (Equisetum fluviatile L.), 6260

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ijyecq/2ttoe9
title: HMW_Equisetum_ramosissimum_Desf._H_07708.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ijyecq
title: Skrzyp gałęzisty (Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.), 7708

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/4vxifi/pbq7fv
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_1972.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/4vxifi
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 1972

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/zyxqo2/bvvglp
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_0286.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/zyxqo2
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 286

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/yc6ezk/lxocpb
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_0287.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/yc6ezk
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 287

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/1qgjcj/ckhqjs
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_3602.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/1qgjcj
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 3602

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/cbdhxf/h5mnnk
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_0375.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/cbdhxf
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 375

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nxpja5/fohn4w
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_5459.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/nxpja5
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 5459

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/kzgeeo/hl5eba
title: HMW_Equisetum_sylvaticum_L._H_8228.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/kzgeeo
title: Skrzyp leśny (Equisetum sylvaticum L.), 8228

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14401697
title: Provean and PolyPhen-2 predictions of GNAI1 p.Asp272Gly pathogenicity

description: The Provean prediction of GNAI1 p.(Asp272Gly) variant pathogenicity - predicted as damagingThe PolyPhen-2 prediction of GNAI1 p.(Asp272Gly) variant pathogenicity - predicted as probably damaging<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14401697.v1
title: Provean and PolyPhen-2 predictions of GNAI1 p.Asp272Gly pathogenicity

description: The Provean prediction of GNAI1 p.(Asp272Gly) variant pathogenicity - predicted as damagingThe PolyPhen-2 prediction of GNAI1 p.(Asp272Gly) variant pathogenicity - predicted as probably damaging<br>
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/m4ypbm/2gxs9r
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_trachyodon_A.Braun_H_02818.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/m4ypbm
title: Skrzyp Mackaya (Equisetum x trachyodon A. Braun), 2818

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lyydpq/4owzm0
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_1958.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/lyydpq
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 1958

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/8g5pp8/jikbl9
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_1959.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/8g5pp8
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 1959

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/zknujj/q5xixs
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_1960.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/zknujj
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 1960

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/pah29r/hqqjk0
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_1973.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/pah29r
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 1973

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/qixfcx/abcubl
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_3267.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/qixfcx
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 3267

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ltdeuu/assade
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_7228.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ltdeuu
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 7228

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/b53hua/mongmy
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_8515.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/b53hua
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 8515

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ipnukc/c0qajk
title: HMW_Equisetum_x_litorale_Kuhlew.ex_Rupr._H_8988.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ipnukc
title: Skrzyp pośredni (Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew.ex Rupr.), 8988

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.25919/gptm-d012
title: A polarization census of bright pulsars using the Ultra-Wideband Receiver on the Parkes radio telescope

description: We present high signal-to-noise, full polarization pulse profiles for 40 bright, 'slowly'-rotating (non-recycled) pulsars using the new Ultra-Wideband Low-frequency (UWL; 704-4032 MHz) receiver on the Parkes radio telescope. We obtain updated and accurate interstellar medium parameters towards these pulsars (dispersion measures and Faraday rotation measures), and reveal Faraday dispersion towards PSR J1721--3532 that is caused by interstellar scattering. We find general trends including decreasing fractional linear polarization and increasing degree of circular polarization with increasing frequency, consistent with previous studies, while also revealing new features and frequency evolution. This demonstrates results that can be obtained using UWL monitoring observations of slow pulsars, which are valuable for improving our understanding of pulsar emission and the intervening interstellar medium. The calibrated data products are publicly available. Here we provide: the final data product for each of the 40 pulsars (i.e., flux- and polarization-calibrated, time-averaged, DM- and RM-corrected, full-polarization Parkes UWL data in PSRFITS format); and their pulse profile templates (also in PSRFITS format) created using Parkes 20-cm Multibeam data presented in Johnston, S. & Kerr, M., 2018, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 474, Issue 4, p.4629-4636.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/g1hrgf/z7ajcy
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_5948.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/g1hrgf
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 5948

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mieiym/0clklw
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_6504.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mieiym
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 6504

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/x1z9ci/jiosbh
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_6515.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/x1z9ci
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 6515

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mgydaz/sq5ucd
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_6882.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mgydaz
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 6822

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mf1nfs/mkpzvm
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_7683.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/mf1nfs
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 7683

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ftwef1/td6fxy
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_8477.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/ftwef1
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 8477

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/diyhcp/mib5cu
title: HMW_Equisetum_variegatum_Schleich._H_8791.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/diyhcp
title: Skrzyp pstry (Equisetum variegatum Schleich.), 8791

description: Herbarium
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15123861
title: Supplementary Material for: The Response and Tolerability of a Novel Cold Atmospheric Plasma Wound Dressing for the Healing of Split Skin Graft Donor Sites: A Controlled Pilot Study

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has positive effects on wound healing and antimicrobial properties. However, an ongoing challenge is the development of specific modes of application for different clinical indications. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We investigated in a prospective pilot study the response and tolerability of a newly developed CAP wound dressing for the acute healing of split skin graft donor sites compared to conventional therapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We applied both treatments to each patient (<i>n</i> = 10) for 7 days and measured 4 parameters of wound healing every other day (i.e., 1,440 measurements) using a hyperspectral imaging camera. Additionally, we evaluated the clinical appearance and pain levels reported by the patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The CAP wound dressing was superior to the control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in the improvement of 3 wound parameters, that is, deep tissue oxygen saturation, hemoglobin distribution, and tissue water distribution. CAP was well tolerated, and pain levels were lower in CAP-treated wound areas. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> CAP wound dressing is a promising new tool for acute wound healing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15123864
title: Supplementary Material for: Engineered Aging Cardiac Tissue Chip Model for Studying Cardiovascular Disease

description: Due to the rapidly growing number of older people worldwide and the concomitant increase in cardiovascular complications, there is an urgent need for age-related cardiac disease modeling and drug screening platforms. In the present study, we developed a cardiac tissue chip model that incorporates hemodynamic loading and mimics essential aspects of the infarcted aging heart. We induced cellular senescence in H9c2 myoblasts using low-dose doxorubicin treatment. These senescent cells were then used to engineer cardiac tissue fibers, which were subjected to hemodynamic stresses associated with pressure-volume changes in the heart. Myocardial ischemia was modeled in the engineered cardiac tissue via hypoxic treatment. Our results clearly show that acute low-dose doxorubicin treatment-induced senescence, as evidenced by morphological and molecular markers, including enlarged and flattened nuclei, DNA damage response foci, and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p16<sup>INK4a</sup>, p53, and ROS. Under normal hemodynamic load, the engineered cardiac tissues demonstrated cell alignment and retained cardiac cell characteristics. Our senescent cardiac tissue model of hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction recapitulated the pathological disease hallmarks such as increased cell death and upregulated expression of ANP and BNP. In conclusion, the described methodology provides a novel approach to generate stress-induced aging cardiac cell phenotypes and engineer cardiac tissue chip models to study the cardiovascular disease pathologies associated with aging.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9975986.v3
title: Cesium uptake of field-grown <i>Amaranthus</i> species in Fukushima focusing on Cs concentration in xylem exudate and root distribution

description: Radiocesium (RCs) discharged by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.) accident has extensively contaminated agricultural land in Fukushima Prefecture and its neighboring areas. Many studies have demonstrated that Cs (RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs) uptake of plants is affected by the exchangeable K (Ex-K) concentration in soil. However, the precise plant–soil interaction in relation to Cs uptake is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate Cs uptake of plant in field by focusing on xylem exudate and roots because nutrients in xylem exudate reflect medium (soil) conditions and affect nutrient accumulation in shoots. Two varieties of amaranth, K4 (<i>Amaranthus caudatus</i> L.) and Mexico type (<i>A. hypochondriacus</i> L.), which have different Cs uptake abilities, were grown in four fields and in pots (750 to 3440 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> of RCs) in Fukushima Prefecture. Cs concentrations in xylem exudate, shoot, and soil; Ex-K concentration in soil; and root distribution in soil were determined. RCs concentration in xylem exudate varied from 0.04 to 164 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentration in xylem exudate ranged from 0.01 to 33.7 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The Cs concentrations were decreased by the high Ex-K concentration and the large amount of 2:1 type clay minerals in soil. The average of the ratios of Cs concentration in shoot to Cs concentration in xylem exudate for all samples was 127 ± 112 (mean ± standard deviation), although no clear correlation was found between them. The correlations betwee\n RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentrations in xylem exudate and shoot were strong in pot and in the field with low Ex-K concentration. Eighty-five percent of the total root length was distributed in the topsoil (0–20 cm soil layer). The positions where roots take up Cs were estimated from the differences in the vertical distribution of RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentrations in soil. The estimated Cs uptake ratios of topsoil to total soil layer ranged from 7% to 91% and varied with the concentration and the vertical distribution of Ex-K in soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9975986
title: Cesium uptake of field-grown <i>Amaranthus</i> species in Fukushima focusing on Cs concentration in xylem exudate and root distribution

description: Radiocesium (RCs) discharged by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.) accident has extensively contaminated agricultural land in Fukushima Prefecture and its neighboring areas. Many studies have demonstrated that Cs (RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs) uptake of plants is affected by the exchangeable K (Ex-K) concentration in soil. However, the precise plant–soil interaction in relation to Cs uptake is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate Cs uptake of plant in field by focusing on xylem exudate and roots because nutrients in xylem exudate reflect medium (soil) conditions and affect nutrient accumulation in shoots. Two varieties of amaranth, K4 (<i>Amaranthus caudatus</i> L.) and Mexico type (<i>A. hypochondriacus</i> L.), which have different Cs uptake abilities, were grown in four fields and in pots (750 to 3440 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> of RCs) in Fukushima Prefecture. Cs concentrations in xylem exudate, shoot, and soil; Ex-K concentration in soil; and root distribution in soil were determined. RCs concentration in xylem exudate varied from 0.04 to 164 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentration in xylem exudate ranged from 0.01 to 33.7 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The Cs concentrations were decreased by the high Ex-K concentration and the large amount of 2:1 type clay minerals in soil. The average of the ratios of Cs concentration in shoot to Cs concentration in xylem exudate for all samples was 127 ± 112 (mean ± standard deviation), although no clear correlation was found between them. The correlations betwee\n RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentrations in xylem exudate and shoot were strong in pot and in the field with low Ex-K concentration. Eighty-five percent of the total root length was distributed in the topsoil (0–20 cm soil layer). The positions where roots take up Cs were estimated from the differences in the vertical distribution of RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentrations in soil. The estimated Cs uptake ratios of topsoil to total soil layer ranged from 7% to 91% and varied with the concentration and the vertical distribution of Ex-K in soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9975986.v2
title: Cesium uptake of field-grown <i>Amaranthus</i> species in Fukushima focusing on Cs concentration in xylem exudate and root distribution

description: Radiocesium (RCs) discharged by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.) accident has extensively contaminated agricultural land in Fukushima Prefecture and its neighboring areas. Many studies have demonstrated that Cs (RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs) uptake of plants is affected by the exchangeable K (Ex-K) concentration in soil. However, the precise plant–soil interaction in relation to Cs uptake is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate Cs uptake of plant in field by focusing on xylem exudate and roots because nutrients in xylem exudate reflect medium (soil) conditions and affect nutrient accumulation in shoots. Two varieties of amaranth, K4 (<i>Amaranthus caudatus</i> L.) and Mexico type (<i>A. hypochondriacus</i> L.), which have different Cs uptake abilities, were grown in four fields and in pots (750 to 3440 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> of RCs) in Fukushima Prefecture. Cs concentrations in xylem exudate, shoot, and soil; Ex-K concentration in soil; and root distribution in soil were determined. RCs concentration in xylem exudate varied from 0.04 to 164 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentration in xylem exudate ranged from 0.01 to 33.7 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The Cs concentrations were decreased by the high Ex-K concentration and the large amount of 2:1 type clay minerals in soil. The average of the ratios of Cs concentration in shoot to Cs concentration in xylem exudate for all samples was 127 ± 112 (mean ± standard deviation), although no clear correlation was found between them. The correlations betwee\n RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentrations in xylem exudate and shoot were strong in pot and in the field with low Ex-K concentration. Eighty-five percent of the total root length was distributed in the topsoil (0–20 cm soil layer). The positions where roots take up Cs were estimated from the differences in the vertical distribution of RCs and <sup>133</sup>Cs concentrations in soil. The estimated Cs uptake ratios of topsoil to total soil layer ranged from 7% to 91% and varied with the concentration and the vertical distribution of Ex-K in soil.