cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129788
title: Supplementary Material for: Causes of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Oral anticoagulants (OACs) reduce the incidence of embolic events associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); however, ischemic stroke can still occur in such patients. Although there are various causes of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF, their medication status at onset has scarcely been studied. This retrospective study aimed to determine the underlying causes of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF in relation to pre-stroke anticoagulation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Among Japanese patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Fukuoka Stroke Registry from June 2007 to May 2013, 1,302 patients with NVAF who had been hospitalized within 24 h of onset were included in this study, and their backgrounds, pre-stroke use of OACs and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) on admission were investigated. Strokes were regarded as being non-cardioembolic (CE) type when causes other than NVAF had been identified. The sub-therapeutic range (TR) for warfarin was defined according to Japanese guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Atrial fibrillation had been diagnosed prior to onset of stroke in 704 of 1,302 patients (54%). However, it had not been detected before or on admission, but identified later during hospitalization in 270 patients (21%). Of the patients who had atrial fibrillation on admission but had not been diagnosed as having it, 108 (8%) had not received any medication before onset of stroke and 220 (17%) had received medications other than OACs. OACs had been administered to 415 (59%) of the patients with known atrial fibrillation. The proportion of pre-stroke CHADS<sub>2</sub> or CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc scores ≥1 ranged from 93 to 99% depending on whether atrial fibrillation had been diagnosed or anticoagulation therapy administered before stroke onset. The PT-INR was in the sub-TR on admission in 283 of 399 patients (71%) receiving warfarin. Male sex, smoking and previous stroke were more prevalent in patients with values within or over the TR of PT-INR than in those in the sub-TR. Non-CE stroke was more prevalent in patients with values above the lower therapeutic limit of the recommended PT-INR than in those in the sub-TR (p &lt; 0.001). The number of CE strokes was much smaller in patients with high admission PT-INR values; this was not observed for non-CE ischemic strokes (p &lt; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In the clinical setting, under-diagnosis, underuse and sub-therapeutic doses of OACs are major causes of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF. However, non-CE ischemic strokes may develop in patients receiving therapeutic doses of warfarin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129776
title: Supplementary Material for: Preoperative Risk Factors for Conversion of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Open Surgery - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Preoperative risk factors for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery have been identified, but never been explored systematically. Our objective was to systematically present the evidence of preoperative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed and Embase were searched systematically in March 2014. Observational studies evaluating preoperative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery in patients with gallstone disease were included. The outcome variables extracted were patient demographics, medical history, severity of gallstone disease, and preoperative laboratory values. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,393 studies were screened for eligibility. We found 32 studies, including 460,995 patients operated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, eligible for the systematic review. Of these, 10 studies were suitable for 7 meta-analyses on age, gender, body mass index, previous abdominal surgery, severity of disease, white blood cell count, and gallbladder wall thickness. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A gallbladder wall thicker than 4-5 mm, a contracted gallbladder, age above 60 or 65, male gender, and acute cholecystitis were risk factors for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. Furthermore, there was no association between diabetes mellitus or white blood cell count and conversion to open surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129782
title: Supplementary Material for: Simultaneous Spinal and Intracranial Chronic Subdural Hematoma Cured by Craniotomy and Laminectomy: A Video Case Report

description: Simultaneous spinal and intracranial chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a rare entity. A 67-year-old man visited our hospital due to headache after diving into a river 2 weeks before. Non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral intracranial CSDH. The bilateral CSDH was evacuated and his symptoms improved. Three days after craniotomy, he complained of sensory disturbance on his buttocks. Lumbar MRI showed a space-occupying lesion behind the thecal sac at L5. CT with myelography showed a subdural mass lesion; there was no communication with the subarachnoid space. Fourteen days after craniotomy, L5 laminectomy was performed and the dura mater was incised carefully. The video shows that a liquid hematoma similar to the intracranial CSDH flowed out, followed by cerebrospinal fluid. His symptoms improved after the operation and the hematoma did not recur. This is a rare condition of spinal CSDH demonstrated by neuroimaging and intraoperative video.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129788.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Causes of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Oral anticoagulants (OACs) reduce the incidence of embolic events associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); however, ischemic stroke can still occur in such patients. Although there are various causes of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF, their medication status at onset has scarcely been studied. This retrospective study aimed to determine the underlying causes of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF in relation to pre-stroke anticoagulation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Among Japanese patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Fukuoka Stroke Registry from June 2007 to May 2013, 1,302 patients with NVAF who had been hospitalized within 24 h of onset were included in this study, and their backgrounds, pre-stroke use of OACs and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) on admission were investigated. Strokes were regarded as being non-cardioembolic (CE) type when causes other than NVAF had been identified. The sub-therapeutic range (TR) for warfarin was defined according to Japanese guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Atrial fibrillation had been diagnosed prior to onset of stroke in 704 of 1,302 patients (54%). However, it had not been detected before or on admission, but identified later during hospitalization in 270 patients (21%). Of the patients who had atrial fibrillation on admission but had not been diagnosed as having it, 108 (8%) had not received any medication before onset of stroke and 220 (17%) had received medications other than OACs. OACs had been administered to 415 (59%) of the patients with known atrial fibrillation. The proportion of pre-stroke CHADS<sub>2</sub> or CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc scores ≥1 ranged from 93 to 99% depending on whether atrial fibrillation had been diagnosed or anticoagulation therapy administered before stroke onset. The PT-INR was in the sub-TR on admission in 283 of 399 patients (71%) receiving warfarin. Male sex, smoking and previous stroke were more prevalent in patients with values within or over the TR of PT-INR than in those in the sub-TR. Non-CE stroke was more prevalent in patients with values above the lower therapeutic limit of the recommended PT-INR than in those in the sub-TR (p &lt; 0.001). The number of CE strokes was much smaller in patients with high admission PT-INR values; this was not observed for non-CE ischemic strokes (p &lt; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In the clinical setting, under-diagnosis, underuse and sub-therapeutic doses of OACs are major causes of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF. However, non-CE ischemic strokes may develop in patients receiving therapeutic doses of warfarin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129776.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Preoperative Risk Factors for Conversion of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Open Surgery - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Preoperative risk factors for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery have been identified, but never been explored systematically. Our objective was to systematically present the evidence of preoperative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed and Embase were searched systematically in March 2014. Observational studies evaluating preoperative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery in patients with gallstone disease were included. The outcome variables extracted were patient demographics, medical history, severity of gallstone disease, and preoperative laboratory values. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,393 studies were screened for eligibility. We found 32 studies, including 460,995 patients operated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, eligible for the systematic review. Of these, 10 studies were suitable for 7 meta-analyses on age, gender, body mass index, previous abdominal surgery, severity of disease, white blood cell count, and gallbladder wall thickness. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A gallbladder wall thicker than 4-5 mm, a contracted gallbladder, age above 60 or 65, male gender, and acute cholecystitis were risk factors for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery. Furthermore, there was no association between diabetes mellitus or white blood cell count and conversion to open surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129779
title: Supplementary Material for: Physical Activity and Gastric Residuals as Biomarkers for Region-Specific NEC Lesions in Preterm Neonates

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious feeding-related inflammatory gut disease with high mortality. Early clinical markers of NEC are of great importance for optimizing preventive interventions. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Using preterm pigs as models, we hypothesized that an early postnatal onset of NEC can be predicted by decreased physical activity during the first few days after birth.<b><i> Methods:</i></b> Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs were fed parenteral nutrition and increasing amounts of formula for 5 days after birth (n = 120). Their physical activity was quantified by a continuous camera surveillance system and they were evaluated twice daily for clinical signs of apathy, discoloration, respiratory distress, abdominal distension and diarrhea. The volume of gastric residuals and the presence of macroscopic NEC-like lesions in the stomach, intestine and colon were recorded at euthanasia on day 5.<b><i> Results:</i></b> Half of the pigs (48%) showed clear NEC-like lesions on day 5, and these individuals had more adverse clinical symptoms from day 3 but decreased physical activity already from day 2 relative to the unaffected pigs (both p &lt; 0.05). Only animals with NEC lesions in the small intestine had lower physical activity on days 2 and 3, and the increased volume of gastric residuals was specifically related to colon lesions (both p &lt; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Decreased physical activity precedes the clinical symptoms of NEC in the small intestine of preterm pigs, and increased gastric residuals predict NEC lesions in the colon. Physical activity and gastric residuals may function as clinical biomarkers for region-specific NEC lesions in preterm neonates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129773
title: Supplementary Material for: A Rare Case of Testicular Disorder of Sex Development in a Dog (78,XX; <b><i>SRY</i></b>-Negative) with Male External Genitalia and Detection of Copy Number Variation in the Region Upstream of the <b><i>SOX9</i></b> Gene

description: Testicular or ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) in genetic females (78,XX; <i>SRY</i>-negative) has been reported quite frequently in numerous dog breeds and is usually diagnosed due to the presence of female external genitalia with an enlarged clitoris. The molecular background of this disorder, diagnosed also in human and other mammals, is not fully understood. However, it has recently been proposed that a copy number variation (CNV) in the region upstream of the <i>SOX9</i> gene is associated with it. We described a rare case of this disorder in a French Bulldog with abdominal testes and male external genitalia (a slightly malformed penis). FISH studies showed a female karyotype, lack of a translocation involving the Y chromosome, and a distinct size variation in the CNV region (CNVR) upstream of the <i>SOX9</i> gene, located on chromosome 9 (CFA9). A large FISH variant on a single CFA9 and a lack of the variant on its homologue was observed. Surprisingly, in the mother of this DSD dog, 2 normal-sized variants were identified which means that the CNV in the DSD dog was de novo. Our observations are in agreement with earlier suggestions that a high number of copies at the CNVR upstream of <i>SOX9</i> may be associated with this type of DSD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129779.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Physical Activity and Gastric Residuals as Biomarkers for Region-Specific NEC Lesions in Preterm Neonates

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious feeding-related inflammatory gut disease with high mortality. Early clinical markers of NEC are of great importance for optimizing preventive interventions. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Using preterm pigs as models, we hypothesized that an early postnatal onset of NEC can be predicted by decreased physical activity during the first few days after birth.<b><i> Methods:</i></b> Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs were fed parenteral nutrition and increasing amounts of formula for 5 days after birth (n = 120). Their physical activity was quantified by a continuous camera surveillance system and they were evaluated twice daily for clinical signs of apathy, discoloration, respiratory distress, abdominal distension and diarrhea. The volume of gastric residuals and the presence of macroscopic NEC-like lesions in the stomach, intestine and colon were recorded at euthanasia on day 5.<b><i> Results:</i></b> Half of the pigs (48%) showed clear NEC-like lesions on day 5, and these individuals had more adverse clinical symptoms from day 3 but decreased physical activity already from day 2 relative to the unaffected pigs (both p &lt; 0.05). Only animals with NEC lesions in the small intestine had lower physical activity on days 2 and 3, and the increased volume of gastric residuals was specifically related to colon lesions (both p &lt; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Decreased physical activity precedes the clinical symptoms of NEC in the small intestine of preterm pigs, and increased gastric residuals predict NEC lesions in the colon. Physical activity and gastric residuals may function as clinical biomarkers for region-specific NEC lesions in preterm neonates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129767
title: Supplementary Material for: Complete Penetrance and Absence of Intrafamilial Variability in a Large Family with Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant familial disorder due to <i>FH</i> mutation. Despite a considerable increase in information about the genetic background, inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability/penetrance are not well documented. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To describe a large French HLRCC family and provide new data on penetrance and intrafamilial variability. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The whole family was contacted for clinical examination, skin biopsy, uterine and kidney imagery and molecular analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The family included 22 members in 3 generations. The second generation consisted of 13 members who were older than the expected age of onset of disease manifestations. Of the 12 available members of this second generation, 6 (1 man and 5 women, aged 44-57 years) had a novel <i>FH</i> mutation. All had the same mild phenotype with cutaneous asymptomatic leiomyomas, uterine fibroids (if women) and no kidney tumor. The other 6 members not bearing the familial mutation had normal clinical and radiological findings. In this second generation, the penetrance was therefore complete, and there was no intrafamilial variability in the clinical expression of the mutation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study provides additional data on genotype/phenotype correlation, intrafamilial variability and penetrance that should help to improve prognosis and genetic counseling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129770
title: Supplementary Material for: Induction of Regulatory T Cells as a Novel Mechanism Underlying the Therapeutic Action of Kakkonto, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, in a Murine Food Allergy Model

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The number of patients with food allergy (FA) has dramatically increased. Although satisfactory drug therapies for FA are not available, we have found that kakkonto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, suppressed the occurrence of allergic symptoms in an FA mouse model. Thus, we investigated whether kakkonto could regulate the activation and differentiation of T cells in the colon. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized and then orally challenged with ovalbumin. FA mice were orally treated with kakkonto. Lamina propria (LP) cells from their colons were isolated and analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Kakkonto significantly reduced the proportion of CD69<sup>+</sup> cells and the elevated helper T cell type 2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA expression in the LP CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, showing that kakkonto has a suppressive effect on the activation and Th2 differentiation of LP effector CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells of the FA mouse colon. Furthermore, kakkonto significantly increased the proportion of Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells in the LP CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells of the FA mouse colon. Similarly, the number of Foxp3-positive cells was dramatically increased in the colonic mucosa of kakkonto-administered FA mice. However, the pharmacological effect and Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cell-inducing ability of kakkonto were not attenuated by the administration of an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody in the FA model. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The induction of Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup> regulatory T cells in the colon as a novel mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of kakkonto could be utilized for the development of a novel anti-FA drug.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129773.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A Rare Case of Testicular Disorder of Sex Development in a Dog (78,XX; <b><i>SRY</i></b>-Negative) with Male External Genitalia and Detection of Copy Number Variation in the Region Upstream of the <b><i>SOX9</i></b> Gene

description: Testicular or ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) in genetic females (78,XX; <i>SRY</i>-negative) has been reported quite frequently in numerous dog breeds and is usually diagnosed due to the presence of female external genitalia with an enlarged clitoris. The molecular background of this disorder, diagnosed also in human and other mammals, is not fully understood. However, it has recently been proposed that a copy number variation (CNV) in the region upstream of the <i>SOX9</i> gene is associated with it. We described a rare case of this disorder in a French Bulldog with abdominal testes and male external genitalia (a slightly malformed penis). FISH studies showed a female karyotype, lack of a translocation involving the Y chromosome, and a distinct size variation in the CNV region (CNVR) upstream of the <i>SOX9</i> gene, located on chromosome 9 (CFA9). A large FISH variant on a single CFA9 and a lack of the variant on its homologue was observed. Surprisingly, in the mother of this DSD dog, 2 normal-sized variants were identified which means that the CNV in the DSD dog was de novo. Our observations are in agreement with earlier suggestions that a high number of copies at the CNVR upstream of <i>SOX9</i> may be associated with this type of DSD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129782.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Simultaneous Spinal and Intracranial Chronic Subdural Hematoma Cured by Craniotomy and Laminectomy: A Video Case Report

description: Simultaneous spinal and intracranial chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a rare entity. A 67-year-old man visited our hospital due to headache after diving into a river 2 weeks before. Non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral intracranial CSDH. The bilateral CSDH was evacuated and his symptoms improved. Three days after craniotomy, he complained of sensory disturbance on his buttocks. Lumbar MRI showed a space-occupying lesion behind the thecal sac at L5. CT with myelography showed a subdural mass lesion; there was no communication with the subarachnoid space. Fourteen days after craniotomy, L5 laminectomy was performed and the dura mater was incised carefully. The video shows that a liquid hematoma similar to the intracranial CSDH flowed out, followed by cerebrospinal fluid. His symptoms improved after the operation and the hematoma did not recur. This is a rare condition of spinal CSDH demonstrated by neuroimaging and intraoperative video.