cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16739040
title: dataset - ICAEB 2025 - Annisa Ramadhani & Triasesiarta Nur - paper ID E039

description: this is the dataset from our paper titled "Institutional Ownership, Women on Board, and Water Disclosure: Investigating the Interactions in Indonesian Water-Sensitive Companies".
description: This study investigated the impact of institutional ownership on water disclosure and the moderating effect of women on board in water-sensitive companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used secondary data obtained from the companies’ annual and/or sustainability reports, as well as Refinitiv. This study focused on companies in water-sensitive industries, including apparel, automobile, beverage, pharmaceuticals, forestry, food manufacturing, electronics, mining, refining, and utilities—the study analysed panel data from 115 publicly listed firms from 2019 to 2022. The water disclosure was measured using a multigrade scoring system based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard 303. The results showed that institutional ownership has a positive and significant correlation with water disclosure. Meanwhile, the study found that women on board weaken the relationship between institutional ownership and water disclosure.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16739041
title: dataset - ICAEB 2025 - Annisa Ramadhani & Triasesiarta Nur - paper ID E039

description: this is the dataset from our paper titled "Institutional Ownership, Women on Board, and Water Disclosure: Investigating the Interactions in Indonesian Water-Sensitive Companies".
description: This study investigated the impact of institutional ownership on water disclosure and the moderating effect of women on board in water-sensitive companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used secondary data obtained from the companies’ annual and/or sustainability reports, as well as Refinitiv. This study focused on companies in water-sensitive industries, including apparel, automobile, beverage, pharmaceuticals, forestry, food manufacturing, electronics, mining, refining, and utilities—the study analysed panel data from 115 publicly listed firms from 2019 to 2022. The water disclosure was measured using a multigrade scoring system based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard 303. The results showed that institutional ownership has a positive and significant correlation with water disclosure. Meanwhile, the study found that women on board weaken the relationship between institutional ownership and water disclosure.
DOI: 10.3535/aqe-p5q-51b
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/t9r-lzs-700
title: Dentalina albatrossi (Cushman, 1923)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/re7-kzb-ra2
title: †Ogmoconchella Gruendel, 1964

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/tx1-9mh-e0l
title: Uvigerina d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/f6f-l3d-dg2
title: Ceratobulimina jonesiana (Brady, 1881)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gc4-bjs-0zm
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/eq2-n2n-w9z
title: Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman & Valentine, 1930

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g6b-t0s-w62
title: Neoeponides antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/lnl-yjy-t8f
title: Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d'Orbigny, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dc8-xdg-fc4
title: †Hyphoplites curvatus (Mantell, 1822)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jbg-4t7-9hx
title: †Septigerina Keijzer, 1941

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/aaf-5yf-2xw
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jl7-5xf-s9c
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/599-d1l-56z
title: Recurvoides clenchi Bermúdez, 1939

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mw1-npr-lr6
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/baj-8kf-e4t
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/eyz-wxz-kfw
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y8b-8xq-jv8
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jd1-ehe-aaj
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/l0y-c4y-3t7
title: Bigenerina nodosaria d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/89d-qk4-38s
title: Anomalinoides deprima (Phleger & Parker, 1951)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y28-bz5-d56
title: Sigmoihauerina bradyi (Cushman, 1917)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fzl-ej2-vrw
title: Duvalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ysk-v54-jwe
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ch6-fna-48k
title: Saracenaria italica Defrance, 1824

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vk1-fap-kfh
title: Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker & Jones, 1865)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/weg-xg5-jf7
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/lvf-yxy-mqy
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/rwg-0rm-aql
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7jp-0mw-r4d
title: Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jnl-rj6-5cz
title: Bathysiphon crassatinus (Brady, 1881)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/9b6-0e4-jg2
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/t81-18w-vcb
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gfy-jy7-3rw
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yy4-lh0-39d
title: Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1913)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5pd-nj7-ys5
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7h9-ykk-319
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/cg4-2nq-91x
title: Discorbis Lamarck, 1804

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vk1-18d-524
title: Neoeponides antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/erl-k9q-nzc
title: Neoeponides antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/l39-s8t-27v
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/t0g-1dh-lz4
title: Planogypsina acervalis (Brady, 1884)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/09d-s7v-dbq
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wqt-6wr-sgc
title: †Cypridea (Cypridea) Bosquet, 1852

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7sj-h6g-7gx
title: †Lenticulina schreiteri (Eichenberg, 1935)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bcf-ll6-ddx
title: †Mandocythere (Mandocythere) Gruendel, 1964

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0c7-sg7-gy6
title: Goniatites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/t7s-w7j-sq3
title: Bochianites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/qkk-an4-b5r
title: Crithionina cushmani Hofker, 1972

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wdd-8vz-hl4
title: †Ammonoidea

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0fp-ehq-q32
title: Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel & Moll, 1798)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mfa-9gf-x71
title: Ammolagena clavata (Jones & Parker, 1860)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dbv-5qx-g7n
title: Rotorbinella barbadosensis Hofker, 1969

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wdk-86y-mnk
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/8j9-7d8-h29
title: Tholosina confusa (Cushman, 1920)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/k98-yak-pce
title: Pullenia subcarinata (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nfk-d20-qtt
title: Textulariella barrettii (Jones & Parker, 1876)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nds-bkb-yac
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jnl-ctl-ccg
title: Aschemonella scabra Brady, 1879

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/njv-lkn-r55
title: Glandulina laevigata (d'Orbigny, 1826)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1eb-ajm-793
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jw4-m0x-vzx
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/awd-a7l-c1p
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/q8k-6da-0wh
title: Fissurina orbignyana Seguenza, 1862

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/cz1-r36-d14
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hfz-af6-na9
title: Dicerorhinus Gloger, 1841

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1nf-rwb-fpm
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/atl-hbb-w1f
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2sx-gy4-q29
title: Ammolagena clavata (Jones & Parker, 1860)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3sv-b4v-nyr
title: Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5wp-m64-ph7
title: Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny in Deshayes, 1830

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/356-ywx-rpx
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vb8-se0-c89
title: †Strictocostella scharbergana (Neugeboren, 1856)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1fw-31g-del
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/llp-72f-tjj
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bxq-l9s-90z
title: Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ccv-f9k-jjw
title: †Lingulogavelinella asterigerinoides (Plummer, 1931)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/c74-2qx-jk6
title: Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu, 1803)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yfm-sb4-162
title: Pseudoparalegoceras

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ptn-x7m-gm7
title: Neorotalia calcar (d'Orbigny in Deshayes, 1830)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/zyp-j79-yn6
title: Cymbaloporella Cushman, 1927

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.14469/hpc/15476
title: N2O2 as strong dimer singlet trans biradical state G = -259.807165

description: Gaussian 16 (C01) calculation
DOI: 10.3535/a0t-sk8-14j
title: Duvalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/k1l-ka7-gga
title: Gaudryina robusta Cushman, 1913

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bqe-jrb-ykv
title: Cornuspira Schultze, 1854

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/f9w-0t5-f27
title: Globorotalia truncatulinoides (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.14469/hpc/15477
title: N2O2 as strong dimer TS as trans biradical, TS from biradical to NN triple bond.

description: Gaussian 16 (C01) calculation
DOI: 10.3535/ag5-kpg-ymt
title: Pyrgo Defrance, 1824

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.14469/hpc/15478
title: N2O2 as strong dimer TS as biradical TS from trans biradical to NN triple bond? IRC Forward

description: Gaussian 16 (C01) calculation
DOI: 10.3535/ktm-36s-0b8
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wgk-xvh-n9z
title: Ammonia tepida (Cushman, 1926)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p7z-xr2-7bx
title: Textulariella barrettii (Jones & Parker, 1876)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.14469/hpc/15479
title: N2O2 as strong dimer TS as biradical TS from biradical to NN triple bond? IRC Reverse

description: Gaussian 16 (C01) calculation
DOI: 10.3535/48a-nng-nd4
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y1m-99w-7ls
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925929.v1
title: murcia_2000_nitrogen.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925932
title: murcia_2000_organic_carbon.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925935
title: murcia_2010_nitrogen.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>