cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.4211/hs.97bf4dd2b3db4e799407e3e8c3e794f0
title: USGS reference watershed runoff ratios for the contiguous U.S. 1981 to 2016.

description: Here I provide water year discharge (Q) and precipitation (P) in units of mm as well as the water year runoff ratio (Q/P) for all reference USGS watersheds as defined by the GAGES-II project (Falcone, 2011) for water years 1981 to 2016. Precipitation values were extracted from PRISM monthly totals for the "Recent years" 4 km gridded dataset, and discharge values come from summations of USGS daily mean streamflow values. The dataset contains Q, P, and Q/P data by watershed for 1,594 reference USGS watersheds.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.f75d6c798977457da436819c31a887d3
title: Measuring Aquatic Habitat to Support Environmental Modeling and Local Fisheries in Northern Utah

description: This data set contains measurements for discharge in cfs and cms, stream temperature in °C , dissolved oxygen (DO) in mg/L and %/L, total dissolved solids (TDS) in µs/cm, pebble count, and geomorphic condition, at sites in the Weber River Basin and Bear River Basin. Discharge was measured using a Marsh McBurney hand-held flowmeter. DO, TDS, and stream temperature were measured using a YSI Pro 2030 water quality probe. Pebble count was conducted using a modified Wolman procedure where a random pebble is picked up every step diagonally across a stream in a zig-zag pattern until at least 100 pebbles are measured. The pebble is then measured to obtain size and recorded.  Geomorphic condition was assessed visually by taking note of conditions such as stream complexity (presence or lack of pools, riffles, meandering thalweg etc.), percent shade on stream, flow and depth variability, bank stability, access to floodplain, wood recruitment, unnatural barriers and condition and quantity of riparian vegetation. Based on the these conditions, a classification of excellent, good, moderate, or poor was assigned. Atmospheric pressure, wind speed and air temperature were measured with a Kestrel handheld weather meter, cloud cover was assessed visually. A site key in addition to the date, time and location (latitude/longitude and UTM) is included.  Not all sites have values for discharge and pebble count due to hazardous conditions.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.9e1b23607ac240588ba50d6b5b9a49b5
title: Hampton Roads Environmental Time Series Data

description: This is raw environmental time series data stored in a sqlite database with a data schema loosely based off of ODM1.1. This scheme is shown in the data model figure included in the resource. The geographical location of these data is in the Hampton Roads region in South East Virginia. The variables of the time series are rainfall, tide, wind, and water table elevations. These data were processed and used as input for data-driven modeling for street flood severity prediction. The processing and modeling are described in this Journal of Hydrology Paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.044.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.9384607f8eb349d681061ec485380879
title: Concentrations of bacteria  in storm water runoff

description: The introduction of pollutants into storm water runoff can be concerning since it can act as a vector for environmental pollution or even household contamination. This study will assess the microbial contamination of storm water runoff from various sources including a metal roof, a photocell, and dry wells collecting roof and parking lot runoff on the USU campus. The microbes being tested for are total coliforms, E. coli, and enterococcus. ISCO auto samplers and grab samples were used to gather storm water samples. Simulations were ran using off-gassed tap water on the metal roof a photovoltaic cell. The concentrations of the three microbes in the samples were determined using the IDEXX Quanti-tray 2000 system. It was found that samples taken from the dry wells had greater concentrations of total coliform and E. coli than surface samples. It was also found that the metal roof on the pump house had greater concentrations of all three indicator bacteria than the photovoltaic cell atop the roof.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.4dc603691c964c07a766f00638024776
title: Soil Description for GAMUT Weather Stations

description: Soil properties are important for understanding soil and modeling process taking place throughout the soil profile. This dataset provides a detailed description of the soil profile including the soil texture, color, structure and root density within the soil pit excavated at each GAMUT weather station within the iUTAH network. In addition to soil information, the slope, aspect, vegetation, surface stone and rock content etc. for each station is also presented.​
DOI: 10.4211/hs.05427d3832784912b53a1fd209f7697f
title: Sapflux and transpiration of trees in greater Los Angeles area

description: This dataset contains daily sapflux  and transpiration data from greater Los Angeles area. Sapflux values are daily sums of data collected every 30 seconds by sapflux sensors installed in sapwood and stored as 30-minute averages by Campbell Scientific dataloggers. The data are quality controlled and processed to estimate average tree-level stand transpiration.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.c0a1bb39015444ef86ace38ae6c44e77
title: Aquatic GAMUT Bacterial Community Target Metagenomics-HiSeq

description: This data was collected as part of a study to understand the connectivity and diversity of stream bacteria communities in streams flowing from high to low elevation through different types of urbanization and in different seasons. The dataset contains  OTU (operational taxonomic units, the bacterial surrogate for species) abundance for bacteria at iUTAH aquatic  GAMUT sites (http://data.iutahepscor.org/mdf/Data/Gamut_Network/) in three watersheds at 3 time points (November 2014, February 2015, and May 2015). Briefly, we filtered water column samples onto 0.2 um membrane filters, which were dissolved and processed with MOBIO Power Soil DNA extraction kits (alternate low protocol yield using phenol chloroform). We sequenced bacterial DNA (PCR-amplified using V4 region specific primers) using Illumina Hi-Seq. We cleaned, clustered (using 97% OTU similarity cut-off) and aligned sequences using the Kozich et al. 2013 protocol, and classified OTUs to taxonomy based on the SILVA bacteria database. Code used for processing is available at https://github.com/erinfjones/mothurcode. 

There are three files; site and sample metadata (e.g. date sampled) is included in the file stream_design.txt, observed OTU counts by sample are in the .shared file, and the taxonomic classification of OTUs is in the .taxonomy file. 

Also included are zipped folders containing raw fastq files.

Kozich JJ, Westcott SL, Baxter NT, Highlander SK, Schloss PD. (2013): Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79(17):5112-20.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.5189f406a23946c2953865f74e520db9
title: Community Key Informant Final

description: Forty-two water decision makers in cities in Utah were identified representing elected official positions as well as staff (e.g., public utilities, public works, etc.). Three valleys in the rapidly growing Northern Utah Wasatch Range Metropolitan Area (WRMA) are represented. In smaller cities where staff play multiple roles, those who performed some operations in water management were selected. Those selected for interviews were identified through city websites and, in a few cases, phone calls to city hall. Participants were contacted by email first and followed up telephone as needed. 

All of the interviews were conducted in-person between November 2015 and July 2016. During this time, city elections complicated contact and identifying key informants. When able, we interviewed the incumbents. Only one potential respondent who had initially agreed to an interview canceled without follow-up, for a response rate of 97.6%. Interviews were audio-recorded and tended to last between 20 and 90 minutes each. Each interview was transcribed with the help of two transcribers and deductively coded for themes by a team of three using NVIVO 11 Pro. The team started with an a priori coding matrix based on the interview guide and allowed for additional themes to emerge through the revision of categories and the coding agenda, reaching inter-coder reliability (<80% kappa coefficient). The database in NVIVO titled CKI_project_TEAM contains 40 transcribed interviews. One interview was not coded due to irrelevance and the pilot interview was not coded. Interview 013 does not exist because the respondent canceled. Overall, coders maintained a range of kappa coefficients with % minimum agreement. The final agreement measurements were calculated on Interview 38 which was coded by all three coders. High dual-coder agreement was also attained on the following interviews: 001, 003, 004, and 011. Coders met weekly to retain alignment in nodes and definitions (qualitative agreement). Coders were instructed to code every respondent sentence to the period (quantitative agreement). If the respondent's answer was short (e.g., Yes/No), the coder coded the interview question along with the answer to retain context. Respondents were asked the following: 1) the one key water issue facing their city today; 2) if their city had an adequate water supply to meet their city’s needs today, and 3) did they think their city had an adequate water supply to meet their city’s needs in the future.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.55331a41d5f34c97baf90beb910af070
title: Annual Irrigation Maps - Republican River Basin (AIM-RRB; Deines et al. 2017)

description: This resource is a repository of the map products for the Annual Irrigation Maps - Republican River Basin (AIM-RRB) dataset produced in Deines et al. 2017. It also provides the training and test point datasets used in the development and evaluation of the classifier algorithm.  The maps cover a 141,603 km2 area in the northern High Plains Aquifer in the United States centered on the Republican River Basin, which overlies portions of Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. AIM-RRB provides annual irrigation maps for 18 years (1999-2016). Please see Deines et al. 2017 for full details. 

Preferred citation: 
Deines, J.M., A.D. Kendall, and D.W. Hyndman. 2017. Annual irrigation dynamics in the US Northern High Plains derived from Landsat satellite data. Geophysical Research Letters. DOI: 10.1002/2017GL074071


Map Metadata
Map products are projected in EPSG:5070 - CONUS Albers NAD83
Raster value key: 
0 = Not irrigated
1 = Irrigated
254 = NoData, masked by urban, water, forest, or wetland land used based on the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD)
255 = NoData, outside of study boundary


Training and test point data sets supply coordinates in latitude/longitude (WGS84). Column descriptions for each file can be found  below in the "File Metadata" tab when the respective file is selected in the content window.

Corresponding author: Jillian Deines, jillian.deines@gmail.com
DOI: 10.4211/hs.fa37f35610c34a278042d7fc93e8c47f
title: Optimizing Barrier Removal in Utah's Weber Basin

description: In-stream barriers, such as dams, culverts and diversions alter hydrologic processes and aquatic habitat. Removing uneconomical and aging in-stream barriers to improve stream habitat is increasingly used in river restoration. Previous barrier removal projects focused on score-and-rank techniques, ignoring cumulative change and spatial structure of barrier networks. Likewise, most water supply models prioritize either human water uses or aquatic habitat, failing to incorporate both human and environmental water use benefits. In this study, a dual objective optimization model prioritized removing in-stream barriers to maximize aquatic habitat connectivity for trout, using streamflow, temperature, channel gradient, and geomorphic condition as indicators of aquatic habitat suitability. Water scarcity costs are minimized using agricultural and urban economic penalty functions, and a budget constraint monetizes costs of removing small barriers like culverts and diversions. The optimization model is applied to a case study in Utah’s Weber River Basin to prioritize removing barriers most beneficial to aquatic habitat connectivity for Bonneville cutthroat trout, while maintaining human water uses. Solutions to the dual objective problem quantify and graphically show tradeoffs between connected quality-weighted habitat for Bonneville cutthroat trout and economic water uses. Removing 54 in-stream barriers reconnects about 160 km of quality-weighted habitat and costs approximately $10 M, after which point the cost effectiveness of removing barriers to connect river habitat decreases. The set of barriers prioritized for removal varied monthly depending on limiting habitat conditions for Bonneville cutthroat trout. This research helps prioritize barrier removals and future restoration project decisions within the Weber Basin. The modeling approach expands current barrier removal optimization methods by explicitly including both economic and environmental water uses and is generalizable to other basins.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.cd33693989f446a28b989eeca4c71654
title: Quantifying changes in water use and groundwater availability in Beijing: Supporting data for Hyndman et al. 2017

description: Preferred citation: 
Hyndman, DW, T Xu, JM Deines, G Cao, R Nagelkirk, A Vina, W McConnell, B Basso, A Kendall, S Li, L Luo, F Lupi, D Ma, JA Winkler, W Yang, C Zheng, and J Liu. 2017. Quantifying changes in water use and groundwater availability in a megacity using novel integrated systems modeling. Geophysical Research Letters, 44. DOI: 10.1002/2017GL074429

We developed a new systems modeling framework to quantify the influence of changes in land use, crop growth, and urbanization on groundwater storage for Beijing, China. This framework was then used to understand and quantify causes of observed decreases in groundwater storage from 1993 to 2006, revealing that the expansion of Beijing'’s urban areas at the expense of croplands has enhanced recharge while reducing water lost to evapotranspiration, partially ameliorating groundwater declines. Please see Hyndman et al. 2017 for full details.

This repository contains assembled model input data not easily acquired through cited sources, model-subcomponent output such as annual land use rasters, and the MODFLOW groundwater model files which integrates these subcomponents.

Groundwater Model and Data
The MODFLOW groundwater model files and associated data can be found in the "Groundwater Model Files" folder. This includes well observation data, input recharge data, as well as data stored within the groundwater model such as pumping data and aquifer top and bottom. See the readme.txt within the folder and Hyndman et al. 2017 for additional detail.

Annual Land Use Rasters
The "Annual land use rasters" folder contains annually modeled land use. The key for land use codes is in LandUse_codeKey.csv. For methods, see Hyndman et al. 2017.

Contact: David Hyndman, hyndman@msu.edu
DOI: 10.4211/hs.1a7dc5d6b9fa4253bca442341eef500d
title: Estimation of soil water evaporation from isotope hydrology methods in an agricultural field

description: These data are from this publication:  Oerter, E. J., Perelet, A., Pardyjak, E., & Bowen, G. (2017). Membrane inlet laser spectroscopy to measure H and O stable isotope compositions of soil and sediment pore water with high sample throughput. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 31(1), 75-84.

Abstract:
RATIONALE: The fast and accurate measurement of H and O stable isotope compositions (δ2H and δ18O values) of soil and sediment pore water remains an impediment to scaling-up the application of these isotopes in soil and vadose hydrology. Here we describe a method and its calibration to measuring soil and sediment pore water δ2H and δ18O values using a water vapor-permeable probe coupled to an isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy analyzer.
METHODS: We compare the water vapor probe method with a vapor direct equilibration method, and vacuum extraction with liquid water analysis. At a series of four study sites in a managed desert agroecosystem in the eastern Great Basin of North America, we use the water vapor probe to measure soil depth profiles of δ2H and δ18O values.
RESULTS: We demonstrate the accuracy of the method to be equivalent to direct headspace equilibration and vacuum extraction techniques, with increased ease of use in its application, and with analysis throughput rates greater than 7h1. The soil depth H and O stable isotope profiles show that soil properties such as contrasting soil texture and pedogenic soil horizons control the shape of the isotope profiles, which are reflective of local evaporation conditions within the soils.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this water vapor probe method has potential to yield large numbers of H and O stable isotope analyses of soil and sediment waters within shorter timeframes and with increased ease than with currently existing methods.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.5e81d3071b1745a297542844859c1318
title: In situ measurements of soil and vadose zone water isotopes reveal water storage and fluxes in semi-aird ecosystems

description: These data are from the following publication:
Oerter, E. J., & Bowen, G. (2017). In situ monitoring of H and O stable isotopes in soil water reveals ecohydrologic dynamics in managed soil systems. Ecohydrology, 10(4).

Abstract:

The water cycle in urban and hydrologically-managed settings is subject to perturbations that are dynamic on small spatial and temporal scales, the effects of which may be especially profound in soils. We deploy a membrane inlet-based laser spectroscopy system in conjunction with soil moisture sensors to monitor soil water dynamics and H and O stable isotope ratios (δ H and δ18O values) in a seasonally irrigated urban landscaped garden soil over the course of 9 months between the cessation of irrigation in the autumn and the onset of irrigation through the summer. We find that soil water δ2H and δ18O values predominately reflect seasonal precipitation and irrigation inputs. A comparison of total soil water by cryogenic extraction and mobile soil water measured by in situ water vapor probes, reveals that initial infiltration events after long periods of soil drying (the autumn season in this case) emplace water into the soil matrix that is not easily replaced by, or mixed with, successive pulses of infiltrating soil water. Tree stem xylem water H and O stable isotope composition did not match that of available water sources. These findings suggest that partitioning of soil water into mobile and immobile “pools” and resulting ecohydrologic separation may occur in engineered and hydrologically-managed soils and not be limited to natural settings. The laser spectroscopy method detailed here has potential to yield insights in a variety of Critical Zone and vadose zone studies, potential that is heightened by the simplicity and portability of the system.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.bed9b444f85743a08262083c8776fa3b
title: Ofu Island, American Samoa, DTS Survey

description: The effects of climate change on corals are not uniform.  Some corals tolerate greater rises in temperature, even across an individual reef and others thrive in naturally acidified waters. This phenomenon is present on Ofu Island, in American Samoa, where we conducted a field experiment. Identifying these resilient corals and prioritizing their protection may be the best strategy for long-term conservation of coral ecosystems. Although it is not fully understood what makes certain reefs more resilient to coral bleaching than others, emerging evidence suggests that reefs living in areas with naturally variable thermal environments may have higher temperature tolerance. By deploying DTS technology in the back-reef of Ofu Island, we can produce maps of environmental heterogeneity of unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.

Raw project data is available by contacting ctemps@unr.edu
DOI: 10.4211/hs.20013439292a438a82e7e656afcb793c
title: Exploring the Impacts of Natural and Beaver Dam Analogues on Landscape Surface Processes

description: In collaboration with Christa Kelleher (Syracuse University) and Julianne Davis (Syracuse University), AirCTEMPs is examining the impacts of beaver dam analogues (fake beaver dams) on deposition and erosion, vegetation greenness, and groundwater-surface water interactions.  Ongoing data collection of stitched visual RGB imagery (left) and NDVI (right) is helping to reveal how these restoration structures impact the exchange of sediment, energy, and water across this landscape.  Annual imagery collection (since 2017) will continue to benchmark how Red Canyon Creek and the surrounding floodplain are transformed by beaver dam analogue structures.

Davis, J., Lautz, L., Kelleher, C., Russoniello, C., and Vidon, P., 2019, Assessing the effects of beaver dam analogues on channel morphology using high-resolution imagery from unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs): Abstract H53M-1962, presented at 2019 AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, 9-13 December. 

Raw project data is available by contacting ctemps@unr.edu
DOI: 10.4211/hs.542be95b8c2a4488bca1026d32d89890
title: Detecting ground water - surface water interaction in streams with DTS

description: Groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) flux measurement techniques, such as reach mass-balance, seepage meters, Darcian flux and temperature sensing can be applied simultaneously to provide multiple lines of evidence (e.g., Gonzalez et al. 2015, Schmadel et al. 2014, Kennedy et al. 2009, Gilmore et al. 2016b), but challenges remain for directly linking results from different spatial and temporal scales of measurement. For smaller streams where groundwater discharge is a significant percentage of stream discharge into the reach (typically ≥10%), the integrated groundwater flux from point measurements can be compared to a larger-scale (i.e. 10^2-10^3 m reach length) approach to confirm results. But for reaches in larger stream (river) systems, the stream-groundwater discharge ratio is usually much too large to use reach mass balance as a direct point of comparison (Gilmore et al. 2016b, Schmadel et al. 2010, Jain, 2000). A promising approach for linking point measurements and testing interpolation techniques in large river systems is fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) (Briggs et al. 2012a, Briggs et al. 2012b, Tyler et al. 2009). FO-DTS uses a fiber-optic cable to detect groundwater discharge through the streambed along the length of the cable (typically ≤1km). This may be an effective way to “connect the dots” between point measurements of groundwater discharge in large systems (Krause et al. 2012), when other techniques like reach mass balance, are not feasible. The overall goal of this research is to develop an optimal approach to link point measurements of groundwater-surface water fluxes in large river systems. The specific objectives are to: (1) test the combined DTS and point-measurement approach in a small stream, where interpolated results can be confirmed using a reach mass-balance approach, and (2) apply the technique in larger river systems to characterize spatial distributions and temporal variability of groundwater fluxes at existing groundwater-surface water monitoring stations on larger rivers. This project will improve techniques for multi-scale measurement of groundwater-surface water interactions, give critical insight into temporal and spatial variability of water fluxes in larger river systems, and improve our understanding of the value of existing groundwater-surface water monitoring stations. 

Raw project data is available by contacting ctemps@unr.edu