cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fzcd8y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Sansevieria trifasciata",
 "Country is Samoa",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011656-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/12673659
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.95tn3g
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 25 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ipomoea batatas",
 "Country is Singapore",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 25 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011657-250802193616735/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/my1-m63-5n7
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gra-rqn-b3z
title: †Sigmoidella paraelegantissima Hofker, 1963

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wwd-z5e-sjc
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5u6cfs
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Pyrgulina nana",
 "Country is Türkiye",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021646-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/vga-f55-rz8
title: Eponides repandus (Fichtel & Moll, 1798)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1fs-pmz-4q9
title: †Subbotina triloculinoides (Plummer, 1927)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ze8-r1q-pa0
title: Lobatula ungeriana (d'Orbigny, 1846)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/glx-j6q-nq2
title: †Gyroidinoides globosa (Hagenow, 1842)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hqx-p10-s5m
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/4tr-jhz-el8
title: Foraminifera d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/6sx-2gr-nv1
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5lx-xlb-r5e
title: Glandulina laevigata (d'Orbigny, 1826)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ybl-dvp-b54
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/t52-9dk-fvc
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yah-s00-bje
title: †Frondicularia aclissima Pożaryska, 1957

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bkk-dtz-9q2
title: Dentalina mutabilis (Costa, 1855)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/tml-2xd-6k4
title: Pseudocythere caudata Sars, 1866

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/663-khr-7ev
title: Uvigerina canariensis d'Orbigny, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2hj-7jh-e0y
title: Pseudopus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pg5-lac-mc9
title: Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/89w-2bs-rc1
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/j6j-491-z2q
title: Calcarina mayori Cushman, 1924

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xet-w65-xdc
title: Eponides repandus (Fichtel & Moll, 1798)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/6e3-7e6-wpr
title: Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin, 1791)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kpm-7tb-nk2
title: Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny in Deshayes, 1830

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/lep-c3x-smt
title: Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mwz-l4k-c1d
title: Marginulina inaequalis Reuss, 1860

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/8xl-mpk-bdd
title: †Neoflabellina Bartenstein, 1948

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kgj-4h6-pxf
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bm3-bxp-q48
title: Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gw6-xgz-5z2
title: Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/46y-l68-9c0
title: †Pararotalia tuberculifera (Reuss, 1862)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wr6-22y-3j4
title: Latonia Meyer, 1843

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yqk-jg3-424
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1gj-8we-1f4
title: Pyrgo canariensis (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dn9-45b-z8w
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/64j-db1-0gq
title: Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/k7d-4tx-hsv
title: Heterostegina depressa d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gbh-r8y-hl9
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/s5k-57h-caq
title: Uvigerina rugosa Terquem, 1882

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dgz-sw5-phb
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/km4-ntm-50d
title: Spiroloculina excavata d'Orbigny, 1846

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hwy-63y-598
title: Laevipeneroplis proteus (d'Orbigny, 1839)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/v8t-2qz-0qs
title: Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.njqfv8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 255 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Amaranthus blitoides",
 "Country is Ukraine",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 255 records from 29 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0080034-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25934/pr00005689.0
title: Available IPD datapackage for study 'Phase III Trial of Combined Immunochemotherapy With Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (FCR) Versus Chemotherapy With Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) Alone in Patients With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia'

description: This randomized phase III trial is studying fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab to see how well they work compared to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in treating patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.defa6z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Amaranthus blitoides",
 "Country is Uzbekistan",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0080036-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110614993
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1193, PF-NN 1193

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1193 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Minor cracks throughout tablet.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110616524
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1394, PF-NN 1394

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seal ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1394 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Reverse toward bottom edge broken.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110613746
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0141, PF-NN 0141

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0141 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge, right edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Minor cracks on obverse and reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110616511
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1394, PF-NN 1394

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seal ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1394 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Reverse toward bottom edge broken.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110613725
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0080, PF-NN 0080

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0080 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Tablet highly fragmented.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17581684
title: Linux Vs. SAT Solvers

description: Anonymous for double-blind submission
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110616507
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1088, PF-NN 1088

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seal ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1088 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression on obverse and left edge (?). ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Obverse toward upper edge broken. Round edge toward upper edge broken.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110613720
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0141, PF-NN 0141

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0141 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge, right edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Minor cracks on obverse and reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110616506
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1394, PF-NN 1394

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seal ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1394 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Reverse toward bottom edge broken.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110613707
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0080, PF-NN 0080

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0080 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Tablet highly fragmented.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110616485
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1394, PF-NN 1394

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seal ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1394 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Reverse toward bottom edge broken.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc1sto1610360
title: InscriptiFact -- an image database of inscriptions and artifacts

description: The InscriptiFact Collection is designed to allow access via the Internet to high-resolution images of ancient inscriptions and artifacts, primarily from the Near Eastern and Mediterranean Worlds. The targeted inscriptions constitute some of the world’s earliest written records, which are mostly housed in a number of international museums and libraries, as well as field projects where inscriptions still remain in situ. Included, for example, are, selected Dead Sea Scrolls; cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, Persia, Canaan and Egypt; early Jewish papyri from Egypt; lapidary inscriptions, primarily from Jordan, Lebanon and Cyprus; inscriptions on a variety of hard media (e.g., ostraca, copper, semi-precious stones, jar handles) mostly written in early Canaanite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Ammonite and Edomite; and much more. These ancient texts are foundational documents that serve as a point of reference for Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the cultures out of which they emerged. The name "InscriptiFact" is intended to convey the concept of a scholarly archive based on "facts" about "inscriptions" and "artifacts." West Semitic Research Project (WSRP) under the auspices of the University of Southern California (USC) is broadly acknowledged as a leader in the application of photographic and digital technologies to capture and analyze data of ancient texts. The West Semitic Research image archive now contains approximately 1,500,000 images. Important! Search terms with more than one word or number need to be enclosed in quotation marks.Guide to Searching InscriptiFact
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110614989
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1193, PF-NN 1193

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1193 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Minor cracks throughout tablet.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110613700
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0060, PF-NN 0060

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0060 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on upper edge. Seal impression on reverse and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks throughout tablet.
DOI: 10.48717/1qbk-7k66
title: EVN Observation EW040E
DOI: 10.48717/m0b3-cc11
title: EVN Experiment EW040
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110614982
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 1193, PF-NN 1193

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1193 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Minor cracks throughout tablet.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dxahzd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 45172 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Leptotes pirithous"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 45172 records from 516 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026685-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t9j5jv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2186 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1900",
 "TaxonKey is Setaria apiculata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2186 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026686-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vb43vm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 98 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Castanopsis argentea",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 98 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026688-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15151/esrf-es-2297766646
title: CHRONOS (continuation)

description: The CHRONOS BAG at ESRF is a specialized access mode designed for long-term in situ synchrotron experiments. Its mission is to capture slow processes in real time by enabling continuous X-ray imaging over extended periods. The principle relies on automated, scheduled scans that allow researchers to track dynamic changes in materials under controlled conditions with implications for numerous scientific and industrial fields. In geosciences, it enhances our understanding of fault mechanics, fluid-rock interactions, and carbon sequestration. In material science, it provides insights into creep, fatigue, and phase changes. By bridging timescales and automating data collection, CHRONOS advances synchrotron techniques and opens new possibilities for studying time-dependent natural and manufactured systems.