DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmbp
title: Data from: Temporal scale-dependence of plant-pollinator networks

description: The study of mutualistic interaction networks has led to valuable insights
 into ecological and evolutionary processes. However, our understanding of
 network structure may depend upon the temporal scale at which we sample
 and analyze network data. To date, we lack a comprehensive assessment of
 the temporal scale-dependence of network structure across a wide range of
 temporal scales and geographic locations. If network structure is
 temporally scale-dependent, networks constructed over different temporal
 scales may provide very different perspectives on the structure and
 composition of species interactions. Furthermore, it remains unclear how
 various factors—including species richness, species turnover, link
 rewiring, and sampling effort—act in concert to shape network structure
 across different temporal scales. To address these issues, we used a large
 database of temporally-resolved plant-pollinator networks to investigate
 how temporal aggregation from the scale of one day to multiple years
 influences network structure. In addition, we used structural equation
 modeling to explore the direct and indirect effects of temporal scale,
 species richness, species turnover, link rewiring, and sampling effort on
 network structural properties. We find that plant-pollinator network
 structure is strongly temporally-scale dependent. This general pattern
 arises because the temporal scale determines the degree to which temporal
 dynamics (i.e. phenological turnover of species and links) are included in
 the network, in addition to how much sampling effort is put into
 constructing the network. Ultimately, the temporal scale-dependence of our
 plant-pollinator networks appears to be mostly driven by species richness,
 which increases with sampling effort, and species turnover, which
 increases with temporal extent. In other words, after accounting for
 variation in species richness, network structure is increasingly shaped by
 its underlying temporal dynamics. Our results suggest that considering
 multiple temporal scales may be necessary to fully appreciate the causes
 and consequences of interaction network structure.
description: Note that plant-pollinator interaction data within this database
 were not sampled in the frame of this study but were derived from 30
 individual data sets of plant-pollinator interaction networks from
 published or unpublished studies. These studies were conducted across
 several sites in 9 countries, ranging from tropical to arctic regions but
 with the majority of sites being located in temperate regions. In all data
 sets, species correspond to either taxonomic species or morphospecies, and
 each recorded interaction corresponds to an observation of an animal
 visiting a flower. We usually used the same sites that were described by
 the original studies except when the original sites represented relatively
 small observational plots or were observed for only part of a day.
 Specifically, we pooled the original sites if they were less than ~6 km
 apart from each other, harbored similar plant communities, and if a
 reasonably large proportion of them were sampled on each sampling day. We
 also standardized southern hemisphere dates by adding 182 days to each
 sampling date for each site in the southern hemisphere (affecting studies
 Chacoff2018, Kaiser-Bunbury2017, and Vazquez2003) to assure that the whole
 flowering season takes place within one single calendar year. Thus, this
 database may partly differ from the original data sets in terms of site
 classification and sampling date.
description: For usage of the data we recommend to refer to the related
 studies and, wherever possible, to use the originally published data,
 which may provide more metadata and relevant information. In any case, if
 you make use of this database or part of it, please cite the related
 studies and data publications (listed in file
 OIK-07303_original_studies.xlsx). <b>OIK-07303_database.csv</b> – data set containing plant-pollinator interaction data from 30 studies. For some studies code identifiers instead of species names are used for plant (column lower) and pollinator (column higher) species. <b>OIK-07303_original_studies.xlsx</b> – table containing references (DOI or URL) to articles and data publications related to the data compiled in OIK-07303_database.csv. <b>OIK-07303_results.csv</b> – data frame that was finally used for statistical analyses. For each aggregated network (rows) various network indices and co-variables (columns) are given. <b>OIK-07303_functions.R</b> – R script containing functions that allow aggregating interaction data into networks at different temporal scales and calculating network indices and various co-variables. <b>OIK-07303_betalinkr.R</b> – R script containing function betalinkr to assess species turnover and link rewiring. <b>OIK-07303_network_aggregation.R</b> – R script to prepare the data from OIK-07303_database.csv for aggregating networks and to calculate network indices and co-variables, which results in a data frame identical to OIK-07303_results.csv.