cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhhz1
title: Global expansion of a solitary-social tropical spitting spider shaped by multiple long-distance dispersals

description: The spitting spider Scytodes fusca is well known species complex for its
 unusual hunting technique which involves spitting a venomous sticky silken
 substance over its prey. Previous studies supposed that S. fusca was
 native to Central and Southern America but had been expanded to the
 tropics of almost every continent. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a
 Neotropical origin for this spider followed by a secondary dispersal to
 other regions, and to discuss how population expansion occurred in the
 tropics was driven. We investigated the population structure and
 spatiotemporal biogeography of the species complex through a culmination
 of a 22-year comprehensive global sampling using the mitochondrial and
 nuclear loci (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, H3 and ITS2). The S. fusca species
 complex is divided into two clades. One clade comprises the haplotypes
 from Australasian regions and a haplotype from Baja Peninsula, Mexico. The
 other is composed of the haplotypes from all analyzed regions including
 Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. The Americas and Madagascar
 populations exhibit a lower genetic diversity compared with the
 Australasian population, and both have different population demographic
 histories. The initial divergence within the species complex started
 during the early Miocene. Diversifications of both clades occurred during
 the late Miocene. One haplotype was recently and widely dispersed into
 Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Our
 results elucidate the global spread history of the S. fusca species
 complex, suggesting a Malay Archipelago origin, two expansion routes, and
 its multiple dispersals into the Americas that stem from a common native
 source population, as well as from Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, or
 Turks and Caicos bridgeheads. Our data support that the expansion of the
 S. fusca species complex from Australasia to America and Madagascar was
 facilitated by long-distance jump dispersal events.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sfxmgy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9624 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Hierodula patellifera, Anastatus reduvii)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9624 records from 95 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003419-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w6m905qt2
title: Wind effects on the long-distance migration of GPS-tracked adult ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from Germany

description: Birds that repeatedly visit distinct places along their migratory routes
 in consecutive years must be able to navigate to these places and respond
 appropriately to unfavourable wind conditions. This study analysed the
 migratory routes, repeatedly-visited areas, and responses to sidewinds of
 15 GPS-tracked adult ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from northeast Germany
 migrating to their wintering sites in Africa and back. We determined
 stopovers and intermediate goal areas and performed repeatability
 estimations on timing and migratory paths in four regions. The orientation
 behaviour of the ospreys was analysed with regard to perpendicular wind
 components at each GPS point during autumn and spring migrations.
 Generalised linear mixed models were used to test the dependence of
 orientation behaviour on region and the distance to the next goal. The
 findings showed that ospreys demonstrate high fidelity to migratory paths
 in autumn and spring, as well as to the timing of migration in autumn; and
 sidewinds are predominantly compensated, especially when sidewinds are
 strong. Furthermore, during autumn migration, the proportion of
 compensation increases in most regions with decreasing distances to the
 next goal; however, during spring migration, drift behaviour was detected
 more often at smaller distances to the next goal than at higher distances
 in the regions of Mediterranean and Central Europe. In general, ospreys
 compensate for unfavourable sidewinds and utilise supporting tailwinds on
 their journeys to the wintering sites in Africa and back to Central
 Europe.
description: The data consist of GPS fixes and were obtained via the ARGOS
 system. Data have been cleaned of errors using MS Excel and were further
 processed in R.
description: The files are in .txt format and can be accessed by any text
 editor program or MS Excel.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zqx7h6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1025 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Glycyrrhiza glabra",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1025 records from 112 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003420-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83ps
title: Home-field advantage meets priming effect in root decomposition: Implications for belowground carbon dynamics

description: 1. Home-field advantage (HFA) states that litter decomposes faster in
 ‘home’ than in ‘away’ soil, due to the specialization of decomposer
 organisms in decomposing litter derived from their local plant community.
 Demonstration of the HFA effect has been overwhelmingly based on
 aboveground leaf litter despite the fact that roots play a pivotal role in
 carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. 2. Labile C input in root exudates and
 newly shed root litters can enhance the activity of soil microorganisms,
 which in turn can favor the breakdown of older root litter, also referred
 to as the priming effect. It remains, however, unclear how the addition of
 fresh root-derived inputs affects HFA on the decomposition of absorptive
 roots (ARs) and transport roots (TRs), which have a different chemical
 composition. 3. Here, we conducted a two-stage (endogenous C consumption
 versus exogenous C priming) reciprocal transplant microcosm experiment to
 explore the effects of HFA on the decomposition of lower-quality ARs and
 higher-quality TRs of two subtropical tree species (Pinus elliottii and
 Cunninghamia lanceolata) and their responses to either labile (glucose) or
 recalcitrant (fresh ARs) C additions. 4. Decomposition of lower-quality
 ARs exhibited neutral HFA, while decomposition of higher-quality TRs
 exhibited positive HFA. The absence of HFA for short-lived ARs was
 possibly due to the legacy effect of their chemical defenses on
 decomposition. The neutral HFA for ARs became negative with glucose
 addition, which was linked to the dissimilarity of fungal community
 between the home and away soils. Neither glucose nor fresh ARs additions
 changed the HFA pattern of TRs, implying that these long-lived roots play
 a reinforced role in soil C accumulation when they decompose away from
 their origins. 5. These results indicate that the effect of HFA on
 decomposition differs between ARs and TRs, and could be modified by the
 priming effect induced by the root-derived C input. In general, our
 findings highlight that complex ‘HFA-priming’ interactions on root
 decomposition should be explicitly considered in the paradigm of
 belowground C dynamics.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rv15dv4bm
title: Data for: Consequences of adaptation to larval crowding on sexual and fecundity selection in Drosophila melanogaster

description: Sexual selection is a major force influencing the evolution of sexually
 reproducing species. Environmental factors such as larval density can
 manipulate adult condition and influence the direction and strength of
 sexual selection. While most studies on the influence of larval crowding
 on sexual selection are either correlational or single-generation
 manipulations, it is unclear how evolution under chronic larval crowding
 affects sexual selection. To answer this, we measured the strength of
 sexual selection of male and female Drosophila
 melanogaster that had evolved under chronic larval crowding for
 over 250 generations in the laboratory, along with their controls which
 had never experienced crowding, in a common garden high-density
 environment. We measured selection coefficients on male mating success and
 sex-specific reproductive success, as separate estimates allowed
 dissection of sex-specific effects. We show that experimental evolution
 under chronic larval crowding decreases the strength of sexual and
 fecundity selection in males, but not in females, relative to populations
 experiencing crowding for the first time. The effect of larval crowding in
 reducing reproductive success is almost twice that in females than in
 males. Our study highlights the importance of studying how evolution in a
 novel, stressful environment can shape adult fitness in
 organisms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ncjsxkszt
title: Data from: Mitochondrial function declines with age within individuals but is not linked to the pattern of growth or mortality risk in zebra finch

description: Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a highly conserved hallmark of
 ageing. However, most studies in both model and non-model organisms are
 cross-sectional in design; therefore, little is known, at the individual
 level, on how mitochondrial function changes with age, its link to early
 developmental conditions or its relationship with survival. Here we
 manipulated the postnatal growth in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
 via dietary modification that induced accelerated growth without changing
 adult body size. In the same individuals, we examined blood cells
 mitochondrial functioning (mainly erythrocytes) when they were young (ca
 36 weeks) and again in mid-aged (ca 91 weeks) adulthood. Mitochondrial
 function was strongly influenced by age but not by postnatal growth
 conditions. Across all groups, within individual
 ROUTINE respiration, OXPHOS and OXPHOS coupling efficiency significantly declined with age, while LEAK respiration increased. However, we found no link between mitochondrial function and the probability of survival into relatively old age (ca 4 years). Our results suggests that the association between accelerated growth and reduced longevity, evident in this as in other species, is not attributable to age-related changes in any of the measured mitochondrial function traits.
description: Mitochondrial respiration in intact RBCs (Red Blood Cell) was
 performed using a modification of previously described methods for intact
 fresh avian red blood cells, RBCs (Dawson & Salmón 2020; Stier et
 al. 2017).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz7m
title: Maps of predicted carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from waterbodies in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

description: In the Arctic, waterbodies are abundant, and rapid thaw of permafrost is
 destabilizing the carbon cycle and changing hydrology. It is particularly
 important to quantify and accurately scale aquatic carbon emissions in
 arctic ecosystems. Recently available high-resolution remote sensing
 datasets capture the physical characteristics of arctic landscapes at
 unprecedented spatial resolution. We demonstrate how machine learning
 models can capitalize on these spatial datasets to greatly improve
 accuracy when scaling waterbody CO2 and CH4 fluxes across the
 Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta of south-west AK. These datasets include carbon
 dioxide and methane dissolved concentrations and diffusive fluxes from a
 research watershed in the central YK Delta. 
description: These maps are the results of training boosted regression tree
 models on observation datasets of waterbody dissolved
 CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations
 (https://arcticdata.io/catalog/view/doi%3A10.18739%2FA2N29P731 and https://arcticdata.io/catalog/view/doi%3A10.18739%2FA23775V7T). We characterized waterbody size, shape, and multispectral surface reflectance (Sentinel-2) using an object-based imagery analysis on a high-resolution map of waterbodies in the region. We split the study region into non-nested hydrologic units (sub-basin) in three sets of sizes based on flow accumulation and a high-resolution DEM. For each waterbody in the region, we calculated sub-basin averages of remote sensing imagery, including NDVI, NDWI, distance to nearest water, slope, multispectral surface reflectances (Sentinel-2), seasonal composites of C-band SAR (Sentinel-1). We use the waterbody and sub-basin variables as potential drivers to train scaling models, then applied the models to the research watershed to create maps of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in waterbodies. These were converted to fluxes using the average piston velocity from observations in the region (k600= 0.33 m/d).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tmpg4f52z
title: Convergent adaptation of true crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) to a gradient of terrestrial environments

description: For much of terrestrial biodiversity, the evolutionary pathways of
 adaptation from marine ancestors are poorly understood, and have usually
 been viewed as a binary trait. True crabs, the decapod crustacean
 infraorder Brachyura, comprise over 7,600 species representing a striking
 diversity of morphology and ecology, including repeated adaptation to
 non-marine habitats. Here, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of
 Brachyura using new and published sequences of 10 genes for 344 tips
 spanning 88 of 109 families. Using 36 newly vetted fossil calibrations, we
 infer that brachyurans most likely diverged in the Triassic, with
 family-level splits in the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene. By
 contrast, the root age is underestimated with automated sampling of 328
 fossil occurrences explicitly incorporated into the tree prior, suggesting
 such models are a poor fit under heterogeneous fossil preservation. We
 apply recently defined trait-by-environment associations to classify a
 gradient of transitions from marine to terrestrial lifestyles. We estimate
 that crabs left the marine environment at least seven and up to 17 times
 convergently, and returned to the sea from non-marine environments at
 least twice. Although the most highly terrestrial- and many
 freshwater-adapted crabs are concentrated in Thoracotremata, Bayesian
 threshold models of ancestral state reconstruction fail to identify shifts
 to higher terrestrial grades due to the degree of underlying change
 required. Lineages throughout our tree inhabit intertidal and marginal
 marine environments, corroborating the inference that the early stages of
 terrestrial adaptation have a lower threshold to evolve. Our framework and
 extensive new fossil and natural history datasets will enable future
 comparisons of non-marine adaptation at the morphological and molecular
 level. Crabs provide an important window into the early processes of
 adaptation to novel environments, and different degrees of evolutionary
 constraint that might help predict these pathways. --
description: Please see preprint.
description: Fasta (.fasta) is a file type for sequence data and multiple
 sequence alignments. Nexus (.nex) is a common file type
 for phylogenetic data and multiple sequence alignments, and the required
 runfile to use MrBayes for phylogenetic analysis.
 Newick (.tre, .trees, .treefile) files are phylogenetic tree and
 chronogram outputs from multiple programs, which can be visualized
 directly e.g. with Figtree. XML (.xml) files are used
 to set up the run parameters for divergence time analysis in
 BEAST2. Log (.log) files in this instance are output
 from the independent chains run by BEAST2, and can be visualized by
 Tracer.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mgqnk9938
title: Changes in plant community assembly from patchy degradation of grasslands and grazing by different-sized herbivores

description: Grassland degradation caused by increases in livestock grazing
 threatens a variety of ecosystem services. Understanding changes
 in plant community assembly during the process
 of grassland degradation in the presence of grazing is
 important to help restore degraded
 grasslands worldwide but has received little
 attention thus far. The grassland degradation process is
 typified by heterogeneous degradation, i.e., gradual formation of
 degraded patches (hereafter “patchy degradation”). Here, we experimentally
 examined the effects of herbivore grazing and patchy degradation on plant
 community assembly using nine pairs of non-degraded (intact) and
 patch-degraded (fragmented) grasslands subject to grazing by
 different-sized herbivores (i.e., NG, no grazing; SG, sheep
 grazing; CG, cattle grazing) over four years. Using a null-model
 approach, we estimated the relative magnitude of deterministic processes
 of community assembly by comparing the observed and expected
 β-diversity. We found that in the absence of herbivore grazing,
 deterministic processes played a greater role in community assembly,
 regardless of whether patchy degradation had occurred. However,
 the deterministic processes resulted in plant communities being more
 spatially similar in non-degraded grasslands while being more dissimilar
 in patchy degraded grasslands. Compared with non-degraded
 grasslands, species with strong competitive abilities (i.e., Leymus
 chinensis) were less dominant in patchy degraded grasslands,
 indicating relaxed competition and a reduced role of
 species interactions over plant communities. Instead,
 patchy degradation added the role of environmental variables over plant
 communities. Sheep grazing consistently promoted more stochastic
 plant community assembly in both non-degraded and patch-degraded
 grasslands, while cattle grazing promoted more stochastic plant community
 assembly only in the non-degraded state, having no effect in the
 patch-degraded state. Our study offers important insights into
 changes in plant community assembly during ongoing
 patch-degradation of grasslands, indicating the role of increased
 environmental filtering of soil and reduced species
 interactions in driving plant community dynamics with increasing
 grassland patchy degradation. We also uncovered an herbivore
 species-specific effect on plant community assembly
 during the process of grassland degradation, which will better
 inform and improve future grassland restoration
 planning efforts.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xgxd254kt
title: Dietary plasticity linked to divergent growth trajectories in a critically endangered sea turtle

description: Foraging habitat selection and diet quality are key factors that influence
 individual fitness and metapopulation dynamics through effects on
 demographic rates. There is growing evidence that sea turtles exhibit
 regional differences in somatic growth linked to alternative dispersal
 patterns during the oceanic life stage. Yet, the role of habitat quality
 and diet in shaping somatic growth rates is poorly understood. Here, we
 evaluate whether diet variation is linked to regional growth variation in
 hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), which grow significantly
 slower in Texas versus Florida (USA), through novel integrations of
 skeletal growth, gastrointestinal content (GI), and bulk tissue and amino
 acid (AA)-specific stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope
 analyses. We also used AA δ15N ΣV values (heterotrophic bacterial
 re-synthesis index) and δ13C essential AA (δ13CEAA) fingerprinting to test
 assumptions about the energy sources fueling hawksbill food webs
 regionally. GI content analyses, framed within a global synthesis of
 hawksbill dietary plasticity, revealed that relatively fast-growing
 hawksbills stranded in Florida conformed with assumptions of extensive
 spongivory for this species. In contrast, relatively slow-growing
 hawksbills stranded in Texas consumed considerable amounts of non-sponge
 invertebrate prey and appear to forage higher in the food web as indicated
 by isotopic niche metrics and higher AA δ15N-based trophic position
 estimates internally indexed to baseline N variation. However, regional
 differences in estimated trophic position may also be driven by unique
 isotope dynamics of sponge food webs. AA δ15N ΣV values and
 δ13CEAA fingerprinting indicated minimal bacterial resynthesis of
 organic matter (ΣV &lt; 2) and that eukaryotic microalgae
 were the primary energy source supporting hawksbill food webs. These
 findings run contrary to assumptions that hawksbill diets predominantly
 comprise high microbial abundance sponges expected to primarily derive
 energy from bacterial symbionts. Our findings suggest alternative foraging
 patterns could underlie regional variation in hawksbill growth rates, as
 divergence from conventional sponge prey might correspond with increased
 energy expenditure and reduced foraging success or diet quality. As a
 result, differential dispersal patterns may infer substantial individual
 and population fitness costs and represent a previously unrecognized
 challenge to the persistence and recovery of this critically endangered
 species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4mw6m90dt
title: Data for: Can language representation models think in bets?

description: The dataset contains three files: *Item_Sets.xlsx*,
 *Value_Questions.xlsx*, and *Bet_Questions.xlsx*. Each of the three files
 corresponds to each of the three benchmarks in the manuscript currently
 under submission to Royal Society Open Science and is also available as a
 preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07519. The items in Item_Sets.xlsx is
 used to create the other two files. Value_Questions.xlsx is used in RQ1,
 and Bet_Questions.xlsx is used in both RQ2 and RQ3.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.brv15dvcz
title: K and Mo nucleosynthesis calculations

description: This dataset generates figures S5, S8, and S9 in N. X. Nie, D. Wang, Z. A.
 Torrano, R. W. Carlson, C. M. O’D. Alexander, A. Shahar (2023) Meteorites
 have inherited nucleosynthetic anomalies of potassium-40 produced in
 supernovae. The dataset contains .xlsx files presenting the output data of
 the nucleosynthesis of K and Mo isotopes in supernovae and AGB stars,
 using the existing nucleosynthesis models. The data was used to
 investigate the production of K and Mo isotopes in stars and to compare
 that with the Solar System composition.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5kx
title: Data from: Plastic responses of belowground foraging traits to soil phosphorus-rich patches across 17 coexisting AM tree species in a subtropical forest

description: 1. Belowground plastic responses to soil nutrient “hot-spots” form a key
 nutrient foraging strategy of plants coexisting in natural ecosystems.
 However, it is unclear how plant species differ in these belowground
 plastic responses and how they co-vary. 2. Plastic responses to soil
 phosphorus (P)-rich patches of absorptive root, mycorrhizal, and exudation
 traits of 17 co-existing arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species in a
 subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest were investigated using a root
 bag method. 3. There was considerable variation and heterogeneity in
 species-specific responses to P-rich patches. Negative log response ratios
 usually occurred for high-cost traits and positive log response ratios for
 low-cost traits. There were tradeoffs in the plastic responses between
 root acid phosphatase activity and extraradical hyphal length, which were
 unaffected by phylogeny, and between root acid phosphatase activity and
 specific root length. Thicker-rooted species responded to P-rich patches
 more through root exudation plasticity than mycorrhizal plasticity.
 Thinner-rooted species relied more on mycorrhizal plasticity. 4.
 Synthesis. Our results revealed diverse P foraging strategies comprising
 different combinations of plastic adjustments in absorptive root,
 mycorrhizal, and exudation traits among coexisting AM tree species, which
 suggest the potential for complementary exploitation of different soil P
 sources.