DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13gc633
title: Data from: Evolvability and craniofacial diversification in genus Homo

description: There is abundant theoretical and empirical evidence for the influence of
 variational properties of populations on microevolution, and more limited
 support for their lasting impact during macroevolution. This study applies
 evolutionary quantitative genetic approaches to assess the long-term
 impact of within-population phenotypic variation and covariation (the P
 matrix) on population divergence in recent humans and species
 diversification in genus Homo. Similarity between the primary axes of
 within- and between-population craniofacial variation confirms a role for
 pmax in human population divergence, although diversification is not
 constrained to be unidimensional. The long term impact of the P matrix on
 craniofacial evolution is supported by higher-than-average evolvabilities
 along most branches of the Homo tree, but statistical uncertainty inherent
 in the data reduce confidence in this conclusion. Higher evolvability is
 not statistically correlated with increased rate of evolution, although
 the relationship is in the predicted direction. This is due in part to the
 high evolutionary rate on the early modern human branch despite its
 moderate level of evolvability. There was evidence for neutral evolution
 as well as directional and stabilizing selection over the Plio-Pleistocene
 using generalized genetic distance as a test statistic.
description: Landmark data for
 complete individuals after landmark estimationEach row includes an ID
 variable, two classifiers (spp=species, pop=population) and x,y,z
 coordinates for 57 landmarks (F and N prefixes are not relevant for
 current study). Landmarks have been aligned via generalized Procrustes
 analysis. SPP: Hnea= Homo neanderthalensis, Here=H. erectus, Hhab=H.
 habilis, Hhei=H. heidelbergensis, Rhsa=recent H. sapiens. POP: abri=Abri
 Pataud 1; anda=Andamanese, aust=Aboriginal Australian, berg=Austrian,
 khoe=Khoesan, chin=Chinese, anas=Anasazi, ipiu=Ipiutak, lach=Lachish
 (Middle East), mong=Mongolian, ngui=New Guinean, tafo=Taforalt,
 bant=BantuHomo_indiv_complete_DRYAD.csvSpecies means and ancestral reconstructionsRows include species means (includes some incomplete fossils to improve point estimates for extinct species) and ancestral reconstructions generated by RRphylog package for R. Species means and ancestral shape reconstructions were calculated from Procrustes-aligned shape variables (coordinate data). There are 171 x,y,z coordinates comprising 57 3D landmarks (the F and N prefixes are not important for the current study). Abbreviations for internal nodes are from Figure 1 of the original publication. EHsa=early Homo sapiens, Here=H. erectus, Hhab=H. habilis, Hhei=H. heidelbergensis, Hnea=H. neanderthalensis, Rhsa=recent H. sapiensSpp_recon_ridge_reg.csvSAS code for analysesCode with comments. Includes: within-population, between-species and between-population PCA, calculation of angles between PC axes (including p_max) and divergence vectors / axes of between-group variation, calculation of e / c parameters, Mahalanobis distances for ancestor-descendant pairs, calculations for graphic test of neutrality, and bootstrapping statistics for evolvability parameters based on small sample sizes.Evolution_script_DRYAD.sas