DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjch
title: Toxicity effect of five insecticides on the development and enzyme activities of Trichogramma ostriniae

description: As an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma ostriniae (T. ostriniae) exhibits a
 broad host range and plays a crucial role in controlling various
 lepidopteran agricultural pests. However, the application of chemical
 pesticides negatively impacts its development and survival. Therefore, it
 is essential to assess the toxicity of commonly used insecticides against
 T. ostriniae and evaluate their compatibility. This study aims to to
 determine the toxic effects of five common insecticides (dinotefuran,
 abamectin, imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin, and chlorantraniliprole) on
 the development, reproduction, and enzymatic activity of Trichogramma
 ostriniae. The contact, lethal, and developmental toxicities were
 evaluated. Activities of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450
 (CYP450), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST),
 and protective enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase
 (CAT), peroxidase (POD) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive
 oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I),
 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of T. ostriniae were examined after being
 treated with the five insecticides. The results showed that the order of
 lethal toxicity in adult T. ostriniae was beta-cypermethrin &gt;
 dinotefuran &gt; imidacloprid &gt; abamectin &gt;
 chlorantraniliprole. The emergence rates of adult T. ostriniae exposed to
 insecticides during the egg and larval stages were higher than those
 exposed to insecticides during the prepupal and pupal stages. The
 activities of CYP450, GST, and SOD were increased, but CarE activity and
 ROS content were decreased in T. ostriniae treated with the five
 insecticides compared with the control. Beta-cypermethrin increased the
 POD and CAT activities. Chlorantraniliprole decreased CAT activity and
 increased MDA content. The MRCCI of T. ostriniae was not significantly
 affected by any of the five insecticides tested. The ATP content of T.
 ostriniae was not significantly affected by chlorantraniliprole but was
 significantly decreased by the other four insecticides. In conclusion, the
 toxicities of the five insecticides to T. ostriniae were different, among
 which imidacloprid, dinotefuran, abamectin, and beta-cypermethrin had a
 high risk of toxicity to T. ostriniae, and chlorantraniliprole had a low
 risk to T. ostriniae.
description: <em>Corcyra cephalonica</em> (Stainton) (<em>C.
 cephalonica</em>) were used as hosts to establish a stable
 population of <em>T. ostriniae</em> by breeding multiple
 generations. The feeding conditions were 25°C, 75% relative humidity, and
 a 15 L: 9D photoperiod.<br>The diluted insecticide was evenly
 distributed on the inner wall of a glass tube (54.6 cm2) to construct the
 insecticide membrane. For the contact test, a total of 100 ± 10 adult
 <em>T. ostriniae</em> that had emerged for 6 h were put into
 each tube containing the insecticide membrane after all the acetone was
 volatilized and fed with 10% honey water. After being sealed with a black
 cloth, the tubes were placed for 8 h. The number of dead and surviving
 adult <em>T. ostriniae </em>in the tube was
 counted.<br>The safety evaluation of pesticides on <em>T.
 ostriniae </em>can be divided into four levels according to the
 safety factor: low risk, moderate risk, high risk, extreme high risk.
 Safety factor = LR50/recommended dose in the field.<br>Egg
 parasitism was achieved by exposing <em>T. ostriniae</em> to
 host <em>C. cephalonica</em> eggs at a 1:20 ratio (insects:
 eggs) for 4 h. After removing<em> T. ostriniae,</em> the
 parasitic eggs were developed for 8 h (egg stage), 48 h (larval stage), 92
 h (prepupal stage) and 144 h (pupal stage), respectively. Parasitoids at
 different developmental stages on host egg cards were immersed in LC50
 concentrations of insecticide solution for 5 s and then sealed in glass
 tubes. After emergence, the number of parasitic and emergence eggs was
 counted under a dissecting microscope to calculate the emergence
 rate. <br>A total of 200±10 adult <em>T. ostriniae
 </em>that had emerged for 6 h were put into each tube containing the
 LC50 concentrations of insecticide membrane after all the acetone was
 volatilized and fed with 10% honey water. After sealing the tube with a
 black cloth, the <em>T. ostriniae</em> were cultured at 25 ±
 1°C, 75 ± 5% humidity, and 15 L: 9D photoperiod for 8 h. The surviving
 <em>T. ostriniae</em> were collected. Activities of
 detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP450),
 carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and
 protective enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
 peroxidase (POD) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen
 species (ROS), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I),
 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of <em>T. ostriniae </em>were
 examined.
description: # Toxicity effect of five insecticides on the development and enzyme
 activities of Trichogramma ostriniae ## Description of the data and
 variables: Figure 1A presents the raw data for activity of CYP450. Figure
 1B presents the raw data for activity of CarE. Figure 1C presents the raw
 data for activity of GST. Figure 2A presents the raw data for activity of
 SOD. Figure 2B presents the raw data for activity of POD. Figure
 2C presents the raw data for activity of CAT. Figure 3A presents the raw
 data for MDA content. Figure 3B presents the raw data for ROS content.
 Figure 4A presents the raw data for MRCC1 content. Figure 4B presents the
 raw data for ATP content. Table 2 provides the raw data on the toxicity of
 selected pesticides to adult T. ostriniae. Table 3 provides the raw data
 on the risk evaluation of selected pesticides to adult* T. ostriniae*.
 Table 4 provides the raw data on the emergence rate of adult T. ostriniae
 exposed to insecticides at different developmental stages. # Column names
 Concentration (mg/mL): The concentration of
 Abamectin, Imidacloprid, Beta-cypermethrin, Dinotefuran
 and Chlorantraniliprole Death (n): The number of deaths of *T. ostriniae*.
 Total (n): The total number of *T. ostriniae*. Mortality: The number of
 deaths of *T. ostriniae */ The total number of *T. ostriniae.* Mortality
 (%): (The number of deaths of T. ostriniae / The total number of T.
 ostriniae) * 100%. Category: Types of pesticides. egg stage (8h), larval
 stage (48h), prepupal stage (92h) and pupal stage (144h): The four
 developmental stages of T. ostriniae. parasitic eggs (grain): Parasitic
 egg number. emergence eggs (grain): emergence eggs number. Emergence
 rate: emergence eggs / parasitic eggs. Emergence rate (%): (emergence eggs
 / parasitic eggs) *100%