DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk1w
title: Data from: Analysis of phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties in non-polar extracts of Magnolia virginiana L. flowers from Saudi Arabia

description: Magnolia virginiana (M. virginiana) L., a native North American plant
 commonly used in landscaping, is also cultivated in Saudi Arabia. This
 study’s main objective and novel aspect is to examine the effects of
 environmental conditions on the chemical composition and pharmacological
 properties of M. virginiana plants grown in central Saudi Arabia. The
 chemical diversity and biological activity of n-hexane and diethyl ether
 extracts of M. virginiana flowers were analyzed. GC-MS identified aromatic
 and aliphatic esters, triterpenes, steroids, and phenolic acids. The total
 phenolic contents were 29.66 and 29.44 mg GAE/g for the n-hexane and
 diethyl ether extracts, respectively. The diethyl ether extract showed
 more potent antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane extract had higher
 metal chelating and free radical scavenging activities. Diethyl ether
 extract demonstrated more substantial antimicrobial potential, notably
 against Staphylococcus saprophyticus (zone of inhibition: 20.0 ± 0.3 mm;
 MIC, MBC, MBIC, MBEC: 0.78, 1.56, 1.56, and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively).
 Further analysis is required to stabilize M. virginiana L. extracts for
 therapeutic use.
description: # Data from: Analysis of Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, and Antimicrobial
 Properties in Non-polar Extracts of Magnolia virginiana L. Flowers from
 Saudi Arabia ##
 Description of the data and file structure Two types of supplementary data
 files have been uploaded: **1. Figures 1–18 show the results of the
 preliminary antimicrobial activity of the non-polar extracts of *Magnolia
 virginiana* L. flowers from Saudi Arabia.** The detailed methodology and
 results are as follows: **Methodology** ***Test Organisms*** The following
 test organisms were used: *S. aureus* ATCC 29213, *S. aureus-*CI, MRSA-1,
 MRSA-2, *S. epidermidis* ATCC 12228, *S. saprophyticus* ATCC 43867, *S.
 pneumoniae* ATCC 49619, *E. faecalis* ATCC 29212, *B. cereus* ATCC 10876,
 *E. coli* ATCC 25922, *K. pneumoniae* ATCC 27736, *P. aeruginosa* ATCC
 9027, *S. typhimurium* ATCC 13311, *S. flexneri* ATCC 12022, *P. vulgaris*
 ATCC 6380, *P. mirabilis* ATCC 29906, *C. albicans* ATCC 10231, and *A.
 niger* ATCC 6275. All test organisms (ATCC) were procured from
 Microbiologics, a Biotechnology Company situated in, the USA, and three
 clinical isolates (*S. aureus-*CI, MRSA-1, and MRSA-2) were collected from
 the Microbiology Laboratory Department, King Saud Hospital, Unaizah, Saudi
 Arabia. ***Procedure*** The preliminary antimicrobial activity of
 non-polar extracts of *M. virginiana* L. flowers was determined using the
 disc diffusion method (Qureshi et al. 2021; Qureshi et al. 2022). Stock
 solutions of *n*-hexane extract (**A**) and diethyl ether extract (**B**)
 were prepared in their respective extraction solvents (*n*-hexane and
 diethyl ether) at a concentration of 250 mg/mL. Each diluted extract (20
 µL) was dispensed onto sterile test discs. Each paper disc consisted of 5
 mg of plant extract, while the negative control discs consisted of 20 µL
 of *n*-hexane (**H**) and diethyl ether (**D**)/disc. The inoculum of each
 organism was prepared in sterile tryptic soy broth (TSB), and the
 turbidity of each suspension was adjusted to equivalent to 0.5 MacFarland
 standard. Then, 100 µL of each adjusted inoculum was dispensed
 individually and separately onto the surfaces of the respective test media
 plates, and the suspensions were evenly spread using sterile swabs. The
 prepared discs were then placed on the surfaces of the inoculated plates.
 All the plates were incubated at a temperature of 35 ± 2°C for 24 h for
 bacteria and 48 h for fungi. Following the incubation period, the
 diameters of the inhibitory zones were measured using a millimeter (mm)
 scale, and the tests were performed in triplicate. The results are
 expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three replicates.
 **Results** The results indicated that both non-polar plant extracts
 displayed remarkable antimicrobial activities against the majority of
 tested pathogens at a concentration of 5 mg/disc. However, the results
 further indicated that diethyl ether extract is a better antimicrobial
 drug candidate than *n*-hexane extract. Antibacterial screening results
 showed that all the tested bacteria are susceptible to both plant
 extracts, except *K. pneumoniae* ATCC 27736, *P. aerugenosa* ATCC 9027,
 *S. flexneri* ATCC 12022, *P. vulgaris* ATCC 6380, and *P. mirabilis* ATCC
 29906, which showed resistance to *n*-hexane plant extract. Both the
 extracts showed the highest inhibitory effect on *S. saprophyticus* ATCC
 43867, with a ZID of 14.0 ± 0.3 mm and 20.0 ± 0.3 mm, respectively
 (**Table 1 and Figures 1-16**). Antifungal screening results revealed that
 both plant extracts exhibited substantial antifungal activity against the
 tested fungi at a concentration of 5 mg/disc. The results further
 indicated that diethyl ether extract has more potent antifungal activity
 than *n*-hexane extract; the zones of inhibition for *C. albicans* ATCC
 10231 are 11.0 ± 0.4 for *n*-hexane extract and 16.0 ± 0.3 mm for diethyl
 ether extract, while the zones of inhibition for *A. niger* ATCC 6275 are
 8.0 ± 0.2 for *n*-hexane extract and 16.0 ± 0.3 mm for diethyl ether
 extract, respectively (**Table 1 and Figures 17-18**). Thus, based on the
 preliminary antimicrobial activity results, it can be concluded that
 diethyl ether extract is a more potent antimicrobial extract than
 *n*-hexane extract. **Table 1.** Preliminary antimicrobial activity of
 non-polar plant extracts of *M. virginiana* flowers. | Microorganisms |
 ZID (mm ± SD) | |
 ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------
 | | Gram-positive Bacteria | A | | Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC
 29213 | 12.0 ± 0.2 | | S. aureus-CI\* | 11.0 ± 0.2 | |
 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-1 | 10.0 ± 0.4 | | MRSA-2 | 10.0 ±
 0.2 | | Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) ATCC 12228 | 12.0 ±
 0.3 | | Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) ATCC 43867 | 14.0
 ± 0.3 | | Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) ATCC 49619 | 11.0 ± 0.4
 | | Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) ATCC 29212 | 10.0 ± 0.2 | |
 Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) ATCC 10876 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | | Gram-negative
 Bacteria | | | Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922 | 10.0 ± 0.3 | |
 Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) ATCC 27736 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | |
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 9027 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | |
 Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) ATCC 13311 | 10.0 ± 0.3 | |
 Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) ATCC 12022 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | | Proteus
 vulgaris (P. vulgaris) ATCC 6380 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | | Proteus mirabilis (P.
 mirabilis) ATCC 29906 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | | Fungal Strains | | | Candida
 albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231 | 11.0 ± 0.4 | | Aspergillus niger (A.
 niger) ATCC 6275 | 8.0 ± 0.2 | **Note:** Each test was performed in
 triplicates. All results are presented as mean ± SD. (**A**) *n*-hexane
 extract, (**B**) diethyl ether extract, (**H**) *n*-hexane control, and
 (**D**) diethyl ether control. *CI = Clinical isolate. ZID = Zone of
 inhibition diameter **Figures 1-18.** Preliminary antimicrobial activity
 of non-polar plant extracts of *M. virginiana* flowers. (**1**) *S.
 aureus* ATCC 29213 (**2**) *S. aureus*-CI (**3**) MRSA-1 (**4**) MRSA-2
 (**5**) *S. epidermidis* ATCC 12228 (**6**) *S. saprophyticus* ATCC 43867
 (**7**) *S. pneumoniae* ATCC 49619 (**8**) *E. faecalis* ATCC 29212
 (**9**) *B. cereus* ATCC 10876 (**10**) *E. coli* ATCC 25922 (**11**) *K.
 pneumoniae* ATCC 27736 (**12**) *P. aeruginosa* ATCC 9027 (**13**) *S.
 typhimurium* ATCC 13311 (**14**) *S. flexneri* ATCC 12022 (**15**) *P.
 vulgaris* ATCC 6380 (**16**) *P. mirabilis* ATCC 29906 (**17**) *C.
 albicans* ATCC 10231 (**18**) *A. niger* ATCC 6275 ***Reference***
 Qureshi, K. A., Bholay, A. D., Rai, P. K., Mohammed, H. A., Khan, R. A.,
 Azam, F., Jaremko, M., Emwas, A. H., Stefanowicz, P., Waliczek, M.,
 Kijewska, M., Ragab, E. A., Rehan, M., Elhassan, G. O., Anwar, M. J.,
 & Prajapati, D. K. (2021). Isolation, characterization, anti-MRSA
 evaluation, and in-silico multi-target anti-microbial validations of
 actinomycin X2 and actinomycin D produced by novel Streptomyces smyrnaeus
 UKAQ_23. *Scientific Reports*, *11*(1), 14539.
 Qureshi, K. A., Imtiaz,
 M., Parvez, A., Rai, P. K., Jaremko, M., Emwas, A. H., Bholay, A. D.,
 & Fatmi, M. Q. (2022). In Vitro and In Silico Approaches for the
 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Time-Kill Kinetics, and Anti-Biofilm
 Potential of Thymoquinone (2-Methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,
 5-diene-1,4-dione) against Selected Human Pathogens. *Antibiotics*,
 *11*(1), 79. 2\.
 Datasheet file containing comprehensive statistical analyses of the
 antimicrobial activity of non-polar extracts from *Magnolia virginiana* L.
 flowers collected in Saudi Arabia.