cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.017vp2q
title: Data from: Optimising trait and source selection for explaining occurrence and abundance changes: a case study using British Butterflies

description: Functional traits that define the ecological role of an organism are
 increasingly being used to determine and predict responses to
 environmental change. Functional trait analyses of butterflies remain
 underexplored compared with other taxa, such as plants. Previous works
 using butterfly functional traits have not comprehensively addressed
 issues about the quality of trait data sets used and the relative
 predictive power of different trait types. We compare the consistency of
 trait descriptions between six widely used trait sources for the British
 butterfly fauna. We analysed consistency of trait sources using
 Fleiss's kappa and ICC. PCA was used to produce species ordinations,
 comparing outputs to examine which trait sets were better at explaining
 recent species range and abundance changes within the UK. There was a
 large range in congruence values for specific traits between sources. No
 single source can be relied upon to produce accurate trait information for
 British butterflies. Most trait sets are poor predictors of abundance and
 occurrence changes but are better at predicting current occurrence. An
 extensive trait set, supplementing biotope-related traits with explicit
 resource-based information recovers more informative ecological
 classifications and models than those primarily based on life-history
 traits or biotope descriptors. Smaller trait sets do, however, recover the
 specialist-generalist continuum. We conclude that analyses of distribution
 and abundance changes that rely on traits are highly dependent on trait
 source and trait type. For butterflies, traits that are based on measures
 of biotope occupancy should be avoided in explaining changes of abundance
 and distribution. Including trait information that describes their
 resource requirements is essential for such analyses.
description: Middleton Welling et al.
 UK butterfly traitsThis spreadsheet details
 the available trait data for UK butterflies from six representative
 sources. Each trait source is coded on a separate sheet. Detailed trait
 descriptions and references for each source are provided within the
 spreadsheet itself on a supplementary sheet.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wn5spf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Withania chamaesarachoides",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001027-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.39gb2
title: Data from: Social complexity influences brain investment and neural operation costs in ants

description: The metabolic expense of producing and operating neural tissue required
 for adaptive behaviour is considered a significant selective force in
 brain evolution. In primates, brain size correlates positively with group
 size, presumably owing to the greater cognitive demands of complex social
 relationships in large societies. Social complexity in eusocial insects is
 also associated with large groups, as well as collective intelligence and
 division of labour among sterile workers. However, superorganism
 phenotypes may lower cognitive demands on behaviourally specialized
 workers resulting in selection for decreased brain size and/or energetic
 costs of brain metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we compared brain
 investment patterns and cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, a proxy for ATP
 usage, in two ant species contrasting in social organization. Socially
 complex Oecophylla smaragdina workers had larger brain size and relative
 investment in the mushroom bodies (MBs)—higher order sensory processing
 compartments—than the more socially basic Formica subsericea workers.
 Oecophylla smaragdina workers, however, had reduced COX activity in the
 MBs. Our results suggest that as in primates, ant group size is associated
 with large brain size. The elevated costs of investment in metabolically
 expensive brain tissue in the socially complex O. smaragdina, however,
 appear to be offset by decreased energetic costs.
description: COX ms
 dataBrain and body mass
 data, brain volume data, and cytochrome oxidase activity
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.85qb2r1
title: Data from: Overestimation of the adaptive substitution rate in fluctuating populations

description: Estimating the proportion of adaptive substitutions (α) is of primary
 importance to uncover the determinants of adaptation in comparative
 genomic studies. Several methods have been proposed to estimate α from
 patterns polymorphism and divergence in coding sequences. However,
 estimators of α can be biased when the underlying assumptions are not met.
 Here we focus on a potential source of bias, i.e., variation through time
 in the long term population size (N) of the considered species. We show
 via simulations that ancient demographic fluctuations can generate severe
 overestimations of α, and this irrespective of the recent population
 history.
description: Unfolded site frequency
 spectra and divergence counts under different simulation
 scenariosThis archive contains
 files composed of the unfolded site frequency spectra and divergence
 counts of each replicates of each simulation scenarios we generated in the
 present study.unfolded_SFS_Rousselle_et_al.tar.gz
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7b579
title: Data from: Ant societies buffer individual-level effects of parasite infections

description: Parasites decrease host fitness and can induce changes in host behavior,
 morphology, and physiology. When parasites exploit social insects, they
 influence not only infected individuals but the society as a whole.
 Workers of the ant Temnothorax nylanderi are an intermediate host for the
 cestode Anomotaenia brevis. We studied a heavily parasitized population
 and found that while parasite infection had strong and diverse
 consequences for individual workers, colony fitness remained unchanged. On
 the individual level, we uncovered differences among the three worker
 types: infected and healthy workers from parasitized colonies and healthy
 workers from non-parasitized colonies. Infected workers were smaller than
 healthy ones and had, as parasite load increased, smaller heads.
 Behavioral changes extended to all workers from parasitized colonies,
 which were less active but groomed more. Healthy workers from parasitized
 colonies showed behavioral patterns intermediate to those of infected
 workers and healthy workers from non-parasitized colonies. Despite the
 lower activity level, an important fitness parameter - per-worker
 productivity - remained unaltered in parasitized colonies. However, the
 investment strategies of parasitized colonies changed as their sex ratio
 became male-biased and male body size increased. In short, ant colonies
 can buffer the drain of resources by the parasite despite strong effects
 on individual workers.
description: Scharf_et_al_Data_FileThe file contains the main data used for the analyses presented in the manuscript. The first sheet contains information on the behavioral and position observations of the ants, the second one on their morphology and the third sheet contains data on life history and investment patterns differences between parasitized and healthy ant colonies.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1tv93
title: Data from: Cryptic introductions and the interpretation of island biodiversity

description: Species with cryptic origins (i.e. those that cannot be reliably classed
 as native or non-native) present a particular challenge to our
 understanding of the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Such
 species may be especially common on islands given that some islands have
 had a relatively recent history of human settlement. It is likely that
 select island species considered native might have achieved their current
 distributions via direct or indirect human actions. As an example, we
 explore the origins of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis bermudensis) on
 the island of Bermuda. Considered native to the island and a distinct
 subspecies, this population has diverged in morphology relative to
 mainland North America. Using microsatellite markers and simulation of
 island colonization, we show that the Bermuda population of bluebirds is
 the likely result of a single colonization event that occurred during the
 1600s, making this a cryptic invader. To our knowledge, this is one of the
 youngest examples of a terrestrial vertebrate cryptic invader. We suggest
 that the eastern bluebird is not an isolated case of cryptic invader on
 either Bermuda or elsewhere and that caution be exercised when studying
 present-day distributions of organisms.
description: Dryad_Entry_FileLocality and microsatellite dataGenalex Data FileRaw data for use in GENALEX, in GENALEX formatStructure Data FileData in STRUCTURE formatSTRUCTURE Data FileSTRUCTURE ParametersParameter file used in our STRUCTURE analysisALLELESAlleles used in simulationFrequencyFrequency of alleles used in simulationsFREQ.txtscript-SIMR script files for the simulations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5r3b1
title: Data from: Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex

description: Metal hyperaccumulation is an uncommon but highly distinctive adaptation
 found in certain plants that can grow on metalliferous soils. Here we
 review what is known about evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants
 and describe a population-genetic analysis of the Alyssum serpyllifolium
 (Brassicaceae) species complex that includes populations of
 nickel-hyperaccumulating as well as non-accumulating plants growing on
 serpentine (S) and non-serpentine (NS) soils, respectively. To test
 whether the S and NS populations belong to the same or separate closely
 related species, we analysed genetic variation within and between four S
 and four NS populations from across the Iberian peninsula. Based on
 microsatellites, genetic variation was similar in S and NS populations
 (average Ho=0.48). The populations were significantly differentiated from
 each other (overall FST=0.23), and the degree of differentiation between S
 and NS populations was similar to that within these two groups. However,
 high S versus NS differentiation was observed in DNA polymorphism of two
 genes putatively involved in adaptation to serpentine environments, IREG1
 and NRAMP4, whereas no such differentiation was found in a gene (ASIL1)
 not expected to play a specific role in ecological adaptation in A.
 serpyllifolium. These results indicate that S and NS populations belong to
 the same species and that nickel hyperaccumulation in A. serpyllifolium
 appears to represent a case of adaptation to growth on serpentine soils.
 Further functional and evolutionary genetic work in this system has the
 potential to significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of
 metal hyperaccumulation in plants.
description: Alyssum microsatellite
 genotyping raw resultsGenotypes for all
 microsatellite loci sequenced across all Alyssum serpyllifolium
 individuals in the study.Alyssum_microsatellite_genotyping.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.at79g3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 639 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Aonidiella orientalis)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 639 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001029-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2q2h5
title: Data from: Testing the heat dissipation limit theory in a breeding passerine

description: The maximum work rate of animals has recently been suggested to be
 determined by the rate at which excess metabolic heat generated during
 work can be dissipated (heat dissipation limitation theory; HDL). As a
 first step towards testing this theory in wild animals, we experimentally
 manipulated brood size in breeding marsh tits (Poecile palustris) to
 change their work rate. Parents feeding nestlings generally operated at
 above-normal body temperatures. Body temperature in both males and females
 increased with maximum ambient temperature and with manipulated work rate,
 sometimes even exceeding 45 °C, which is close to suggested lethal levels
 for birds. Such high body temperatures have previously only been described
 for birds living in hot and arid regions. Thus, reproductive effort in
 marsh tits may potentially be limited by the rate of heat dissipation.
 Females had lower body temperatures, a possible consequence of their brood
 patch serving as a thermal window facilitating heat dissipation. Because
 increasing body temperatures are connected to somatic costs, we suggest
 that the HDL theory may constitute a possible mediator of the trade-off
 between current and future reproduction. It follows that globally
 increasing, more stochastic, ambient temperatures may restrict the
 capacity for sustained work of animals in the future.
description: females“Female.xlsx” Box = Identity of nest box Idfemale = Identity of female Femage = female age; 2 = a female in her second calendar year etc. Female temp = Female body temperature Year = 1 denotes 2010 and 2 denotes 2011 Exp = Experimental category; 1 = enlarged, 2 = control, 3 = reduced broods Brood = Number of nestlings in the brood after manipulation Amb temp = Maximum ambient temperature Day = The age of the nestlings when the female body temperature was measuredmales“Male.xlsx” Box = Identity of nest box Idmale = Identity of male Maleage = male age; 2 = a male in his second calendar year etc. Male temp = Male body temperature Year = 1 denotes 2010 and 2 denotes 2011 Exp = Experimental category; 1 = enlarged, 2 = control, 3 = reduced broods Brood = Number of nestlings in the brood after manipulation Amb temp = Maximum ambient temperature Day = The age of the nestlings when the male body temperature was measuredinter-reading“Inter-reading.xlsx” Box = Identity of nest box Sex = Sex of the bird; 1 = male; 2 = female Diff. = The difference between the first and the third body temperature reading
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.31nd3
title: Data from: Songbird frequency selectivity and temporal resolution vary with sex and season

description: Many species of songbirds exhibit dramatic seasonal variation in song
 output. Recent evidence suggests that seasonal changes in auditory
 processing are coincident with seasonal variation in vocal output. Here we
 show for the first time that frequency selectivity and temporal resolution
 of the songbird auditory periphery change seasonally and in a sex-specific
 manner. Male and female house sparrows (Passer domesticus) did not differ
 in their frequency sensitivity during the non-breeding season, nor did
 they differ in their temporal resolution. In contrast, female house
 sparrows showed enhanced frequency selectivity during the breeding season
 which was matched by a concomitant reduction of temporal resolution.
 However, males failed to show seasonal plasticity in either of these
 auditory properties. We discuss potential mechanisms generating these
 seasonal patterns and the implications of sex-specific seasonal changes in
 auditory processing for vocal communication.
description: House sparrow seasonal
 auditory filter and temporal resolution dataThis is data collected
 on seasonal changes in house sparrow auditory filter shape and temporal
 resolution. The data was collected in Lafayette, Indiana from male and
 female house sparrows. Metadata in the spreadsheet provides information on
 column heading abbreviations. This spreadsheet was made in Microsoft
 Excel. Auditory filter shape and temporal resolution were determined from
 auditory evoked potentials (TDT platform) and custom scripts written for
 PRAAT and SAS 9.2. More details can be found in the associated
 text.data_for_archiving.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dk625
title: Data from: Allelopathy as an emergent, exploitable public good in the bloom-forming microalga Prymnesium parvum

description: Many microbes cooperatively secrete extracellular products that favorably
 modify their environment. Consistent with social evolution theory,
 structured habitats play a role in maintaining these traits in microbial
 model systems, by localizing the benefits and separating strains that
 invest in these products from ‘cheater’ strains that benefit without
 paying the cost. It is thus surprising that many unicellular, well-mixed
 microalgal populations invest in extracellular toxins that confer
 ecological benefits upon the entire population, for example, by
 eliminating nutrient competitors (allelopathy). Here we test the
 hypotheses that microalgal exotoxins are (1) exploitable public goods that
 benefit all cells, regardless of investment, or (2) non-exploitable
 private goods involved in cell-level functions. We test these hypotheses
 with high-toxicity (TOX+) and low-toxicity (TOX-) strains of the damaging,
 mixotrophic microalga Prymnesium parvum and two common competitors: green
 algae and diatoms. TOX+ actually benefits from dense populations of
 competing green algae, which can also be prey for P. parvum, yielding a
 relative fitness advantage over coexisting TOX-. However, with non-prey
 competitors (diatoms), TOX- increases in frequency over TOX+, despite
 benefiting from the exclusion of diatoms by TOX+. An evolutionary
 unstable, ecologically devastating public good may emerge from traits
 selected at lower levels expressed in novel environments.
description: Evolution 2012 summary
 dataThese are summary data
 from laboratory experiments described in the paper in Driscoll et al.
 (2012). Most data were collected as simple cell counts with a
 hemacytometer. A few are based on automated cell size measurements using
 ImageJ. D4 and D5 are short for Dunaliella started at 10^4 cells mL^-1 and
 10^5 cells mL^-1, respectively. (So 'TOX1 and D4' means TOX1
 initiated at 10^3 with Dunaliella at 10^4.) Corresponding figures are
 shown somewhere relatively obvious on each worksheet in
 blue.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h5486
title: Data from: Predator foraging response to a resurgent dangerous prey

description: Prey switching occurs when a generalist predator kills disproportionately
 more of an abundant prey species and correspondingly spares a rarer
 species. Although this behaviour is a classic stabilizing mechanism in
 food web models, little is known about its operation in free-living
 systems which often include dangerous prey species that resist predation.
 We used long-term (1995–2015) data from a large mammal system in northern
 Yellowstone National Park, USA, to understand how prey preference of a
 wild, generalist predator (Canis lupus) responds to a shift in prey
 species evenness involving rising numbers of dangerous prey (Bison bison)
 and dropping numbers of relatively safer prey (Cervus elaphus). Contrary
 to the prey switching hypothesis, wolves attacked and killed
 disproportionately more of the rarer, but safer, species. Wolves
 maintained a strong preference against bison even when this species was
 more than twice as abundant as elk. There was also evidence that wolves
 were increasingly averse to hunting bison as relative bison abundance
 increased. Wolves seldom hunted bison because capture success was limited
 to a narrow set of conditions: larger packs (&gt;11 wolves) chasing
 smaller herds (10–20 bison) with calves. Wolves scavenged bison carrion
 instead and did so more frequently as bison abundance increased. Our study
 demonstrates the overarching importance of prey vulnerability to
 understanding the prey preferences of generalist predators in ecological
 communities with dangerous prey. The formidable defences of such prey
 diminish the potential for switching and its stabilizing influence on
 population dynamics. In these communities, shifts from hunting to
 scavenging are perhaps more likely than shifts in prey preference. The
 assumption of switching may therefore overestimate the stability of
 multi-prey systems that include dangerous prey species.
description: Behavioral
 DataObservations of wolves
 hunting bison in Yellowstone National Park. State ID is nested within
 Encounter ID, which is nested within Observation ID. Analysis refers to
 whether the data were associated with bison being attacked or captured by
 wolves. Outcome (1 = attacked/captured). Bison flight response (1 =
 fled).Behavioral_Data.xlsxPrey Switching DataSwitching_Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ts866
title: Data from: Phylogenetic, ecological, and allometric correlates of cranial shape in Malagasy lemuriforms

description: Adaptive radiations provide important insights into many aspects of
 evolution, including the relationship between ecology and morphological
 diversification as well as between ecology and speciation. Many such
 radiations include divergence along a dietary axis, although other
 ecological variables may also drive diversification, including differences
 in diel activity patterns. This study examines the role of two key
 ecological variables, diet and activity patterns, in shaping the radiation
 of a diverse clade of primates, the Malagasy lemurs. When phylogeny is
 ignored, activity pattern and several dietary variables predicted a
 significant proportion of cranial shape variation. However, when phylogeny
 was taken into account, only typical diet accounted for a significant
 proportion of shape variation. One possible explanation for this
 discrepancy is that this radiation was characterized by a relatively small
 number of dietary shifts (and possibly changes in body size) that occurred
 in conjunction with the divergence of major clades. This pattern may be
 difficult to detect with the phylogenetic comparative methods used here,
 but may characterize not just lemurs but other mammals.
description: Lemur_species_means_landmarksProvides average landmark configurations for each lemur species after generalized Procrustes superimposition and reduction to the symmetric component of shape in the MorphoJ software program. Landmarks are from the cranium and are labeled above each triplet of x, y, and z coordinates.