cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n4m05
title: Data from: Scaring waterfowl as a management tool: how much more do geese forage after disturbance?

description: With increasing numbers of many herbivorous waterfowl species, often
 foraging on farmland, the conflict with agriculture has intensified. One
 popular management tool is to scare birds off the land, often in
 association with shooting. However, the energy costs of flying are
 considerably higher than those of resting. Therefore, when birds fly off
 after a disturbance, they use extra energy that subsequently needs to be
 compensated. We used the white-fronted goose Anser albifrons, the most
 common (grass-eating) goose wintering in western Europe, as a model
 species. We measured flight durations by high-frequency accelerometer
 recordings over 2 × 24 h in nine focal geese that were only incidentally
 disturbed. We also made direct observations on these days to determine
 whether the flight durations were reliably recorded. Using both a simple
 and a more realistic model of the energy balance, we calculated the extra
 grass consumption resulting from additional intentional disturbances. On
 average, the geese flew daily 2 × 323 s (from and to their roosting sites
 at 3200 m) and furthermore took to the air 5·3 times during a day (and 1·9
 times a night). Multiplied with the average flight durations of 195 s,
 this gives a total flying time of almost 0·6 h day−1 and a total foraging
 time of 7·4 h day−1. The extra foraging time needed to compensate for
 additional intentional disturbances strongly depends on the frequency of
 such disturbances and the following flight duration. If, for example,
 flights when intentionally disturbed are twice as long (2 × 195 s), the
 extra foraging time will be 3·7% day−1 (2·3–3·2% day−1 in the more
 realistic model) for each intentional disturbance, and the geese will no
 longer be able to cover their energy requirements when intentionally
 disturbed six times per day. Synthesis and applications. Recent
 experiments suggest that geese have to be scared frequently in order to
 reduce goose visitation to particular fields. With an intentional
 disturbance rate, for example, of five times a day, the birds'
 compensation for the increased energy expenditure will lead to a higher
 overall consumption of grass of 11·5–16% day−1. Accommodation schemes have
 to take such increases in total grass consumption into account when
 deciding on the refuge areas to be set aside.
description: Flight durations of
 white-fronted geese in the Netherlands in Feb-Mar 2015Flight durations of nine
 focal geese on two full days each as recorded by
 accelerometryFlights_white-fronted_geese_under_disturbance_archive.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.827vf48
title: Data from: Spatial variation in throughfall, soil, and plant water isotopes in a temperate forest

description: Studies of stable isotopes of water in the environment have been
 fundamental to advancing our understanding of how water moves through the
 soil-plant-atmosphere continuum; however, much of this research focuses on
 how water isotopes vary in time, rather than in space. We examined the
 spatial variation in the δ18O and δ2H of throughfall and bulk soil water,
 as well as branch xylem and bulk leaf water of Picea abies (Norway Spruce)
 and Fagus sylvatica (Beech), in a 1 ha forest plot in the northern Alps of
 Switzerland. Means and ranges of water isotope ratios varied considerably
 among throughfall, soil, and xylem samples. Soil water isotope ratios were
 often poorly explained by soil characteristics and often not predictable
 from proximal samples. Branch xylem water isotope values varied less than
 either soil water or bulk leaf water. The isotopic range observed within
 an individual tree crown was often similar to that observed among
 different crowns. As a result of the heterogeneity in isotope ratios,
 inferences about the depth of plant root water uptake drawn from a two
 end-member mixing model were highly sensitive to the soil sampling
 location. Our results clearly demonstrate that studies using water
 isotopes to infer root water uptake must explicitly consider how to
 characterize soil water, incorporating measures of both vertical and
 lateral variation. By accounting for this spatial variation and the
 processes that shape it, we can improve the application of water isotopes
 to studies of plant ecophysiology, ecohydrology, soil hydrology, and
 paleoclimatology.
description: Goldsmithetal_2018EcohydrologyDataData on stable isotopes of water in the environment collected from a 1 ha forest plot in Switzerland, as described in Goldsmith et al. (2018) published in Ecohydrology. Headers are described in metadata tab. Ancillary data available upon request to first author.Goldsmithetal_EcohydrologyData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.821b5
title: Data from: Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration

description: Ecological restoration of grasslands is increasingly based on regional
 seeds derived from predefined seed transfer zones. However, the degree and
 spatial pattern of genetic differentiation among provenances of different
 seed transfer zones is largely unknown. We assessed the genetic
 differentiation among eight out of 22 German seed transfer zones for seven
 common grassland species (Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaurea jacea, Daucus
 carota, Galium album, Hypochaeris radicata, Knautia arvensis and Lychnis
 flos-cuculi) using AFLP markers. We analysed genetic population structure
 with AMOVA and Bayesian cluster analysis and tested for isolation by
 distance and isolation by environment. In all of the investigated species,
 almost all pairs of provenances were genetically differentiated. Bayesian
 cluster analysis revealed species-specific numbers and spatial patterns of
 gene pools, with between two (Arrhenatherum) and eight clusters (Lychnis).
 Most investigated seed transfer zones represented a unique gene pool in
 the majority of the species. We found isolation by distance in four
 species, isolation by environment, driven by climatic seasonality, in
 three species, and a lack of both in three species. Thus, the observed
 genetic differentiation appears to be caused by both neutral and adaptive
 processes. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that grassland
 plants are indeed strongly genetically differentiated across Germany
 supporting the strategy of seed transfer zones for ecological restoration.
 Although the predefined seed transfer zones are unlikely to match the
 exact genetic structure of many species, they serve their purpose by
 capturing a substantial amount of intraspecific genetic variation across
 species.
description: Durka_et_al_2016_JAPPL_AFLPThis folder contains 7 files with AFLP data of Durka et al. (2016) Genetic differentiation among multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology Arrhenatherum_elatius_AFLP.txt Centaurea_jacea_AFLP.txt Daucus_carota_AFLP.txt Galium_album_AFLP.txt Hypochaeris_radicata_AFLP.txt Knautia_arvensis_AFLP.txt Lychnis_flos-cuculi_AFLP.txt Each files contains columns ID Individual plant ID Pop Population identifier, i.e. one of 8 accessions n columns of AFLP data with the first line giving the primer combination + fragment length (e.g. ACA_CTGA_195) E Geographic coordinate of population in decimal degrees: East N Geographic coordinate of population in decimal degrees: North
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2s2g2
title: Data from: Effects of rogue ryanodine receptors on Ca2+ sparks in cardiac myocytes

description: Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ quarks, arising from clustered and rogue ryanodine
 receptors (RyRs), are significant Ca2+ release events from the junctional
 sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR). Based on the anomalous subdiffusion of Ca2+
 in the cytoplasm, a mathematical model was developed to investigate the
 effects of rogue RyRs on Ca2+ sparks in cardiac myocytes. Ca2+ quarks and
 sparks from the stochastic opening of rogue and clustered RyRs are
 numerically reproduced and agree with experimental measurements. It is
 found that the stochastic opening Ca2+ release units (CRUs) of clustered
 RyRs are regulated by free Ca2+ concentration in the JSR lumen (i.e.
 [Ca2+]lumen). The frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ sparks is remarkably
 increased by the rogue RyRs opening at high [Ca2+]lumen, but not at low
 [Ca2+]lumen. Hence, the opening of rogue RyRs contributes to the formation
 of Ca2+ sparks at high [Ca2+]lumen. The interplay of Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+
 quarks has been discussed in detail. This work is of significance to
 provide insight into understanding Ca2+ release mechanisms in cardiac
 myocytes.
description: Statistical data of Ca2+
 release events
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fc4vf
title: Data from: A new approach using high-resolution computed tomography to test the buoyant properties of chambered cephalopod shells

description: The chambered shell of modern cephalopods functions as a buoyancy
 apparatus, allowing the animal to enter the water column without expending
 a large amount of energy to overcome its own weight. Indeed, the chambered
 shell is largely considered a key adaptation that allowed the earliest
 cephalopods to leave the ocean floor and enter the water column. It has
 been argued by some, however, that the iconic chambered shell of Paleozoic
 and Mesozoic ammonoids did not provide a sufficiently buoyant force to
 compensate for the weight of the entire animal, thus restricting ammonoids
 to a largely benthic lifestyle reminiscent of some octopods. Here we
 develop a technique using high-resolution computed tomography to quantify
 the buoyant properties of chambered shells without reducing the shell to
 ideal spirals or eliminating inherent biological variability by using
 mathematical models that characterize past work in this area. This
 technique has been tested on Nautilus pompilius and is now extended to the
 extant deep-sea squid Spirula spirula and the Jurassic ammonite Cadoceras
 sp. hatchling. Cadoceras is found to have possessed near-neutral to
 positive buoyancy if hatched when the shell possessed between three and
 five chambers. However, we show that the animal could also overcome
 degrees of negative buoyancy through swimming, similar to the paralarvae
 of modern squids. These calculations challenge past inferences of benthic
 life habits based solely on calculations of negative buoyancy. The
 calculated buoyancy of Cadoceras supports the possibility of planktonic
 dispersal of ammonite hatchlings. This information is essential to
 understanding ammonoid ecology as well as biotic interactions and has
 implications for the interpretation of geochemical data gained from the
 isotopic analysis of the shell.
description: Supplementary
 TablesCT derived volume,
 buoyancy, and hydrostatic data for a Cadoceras and reconstructed Spirula
 hatchling.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7b9v3
title: Data from: Prospective randomized trial comparing hepatic venous outflow and renal function after conventional versus piggyback liver transplantation

description: Background: This randomized prospective clinical trial compared the
 hepatic venous outflow drainage and renal function after conventional with
 venovenous bypass (n = 15) or piggyback (n = 17) liver transplantation.
 Methods: Free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP) and central venous pressure
 (CVP) measurements were performed after graft reperfusion. Postoperative
 serum creatinine (Cr) was measured daily on the first week and on the
 14th, 21st and 28th postoperative days (PO). The prevalence of acute renal
 failure (ARF) up to the 28th PO was analyzed by RIFLE-AKIN criteria. A
 Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach was used for comparison of
 longitudinal measurements of renal function. Results: FHVP-CVP gradient
 &gt; 3 mm Hg was observed in 26.7% (4/15) of the patients in the
 conventional group and in 17.6% (3/17) in the piggyback group (p = 0.68).
 Median FHVP-CVP gradient was 2 mm Hg (0–8 mmHg) vs. 3 mm Hg (0–7 mm Hg) in
 conventional and piggyback groups, respectively (p = 0.73). There is no
 statistically significant difference between the conventional (1/15) and
 the piggyback (2/17) groups regarding massive ascites development (p =
 1.00). GEE estimated marginal mean for Cr was significantly higher in
 conventional than in piggyback group (2.14 ± 0.26 vs. 1.47 ± 0.15 mg/dL; p
 = 0.02). The conventional method presented a higher prevalence of severe
 ARF during the first 28 PO days (OR = 3.207; 95% CI, 1.010 to 10.179; p =
 0.048). Conclusion: Patients submitted to liver transplantation using
 conventional or piggyback methods present similar results regarding venous
 outflow drainage of the graft. Conventional with venovenous bypass
 technique significantly increases the harm of postoperative renal
 dysfunction.
description: conventional versus
 piggyback liver transplant trial dataExcel worksheet showing
 recipient and donor demographics, baseline characteristics, and operative,
 hepatic venous hemodynamics and renal function data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pk5vd
title: Data from: Variation in the benefits of multiple mating on female fertility in wild stalk-eyed flies

description: Polyandry, female mating with multiple males, is widespread across many
 taxa and almost ubiquitous in insects. This conflicts with the traditional
 idea that females are constrained by their comparatively large investment
 in each offspring, and so should only need to mate once or a few times.
 Females may need to mate multiply to gain sufficient sperm supplies to
 maintain their fertility, especially in species in which male promiscuity
 results in division of their ejaculate amongst many females. Here we take
 a novel approach, utilising wild-caught individuals to explore how natural
 variation among females and males influences fertility gains for females.
 We studied this in the Malaysian stalk-eyed fly species Teleopsis
 dalmanni. After an additional mating, females benefit from greatly
 increased fertility (proportion fertile eggs). Gains from multiple mating
 are not uniform across females; they are greatest when females have high
 fecundity or low fertility. Fertility gains also vary spatially, as we
 find an additional strong effect of the stream from which females were
 collected. Responses were unaffected by male mating history (males kept
 with females or in male-only groups). Recent male mating may be of lesser
 importance because males in many species, including T. dalmanni, partition
 their ejaculate to maintain their fertility over many matings. This study
 highlights the importance of complementing laboratory studies with data on
 wild-caught populations, where there is considerable heterogeneity between
 individuals. Future research should focus on environmental, demographic
 and genetic factors that are likely to significantly influence variation
 in individual female fecundity and fertility.
description: Meade_etal_Exp1-AllMeade_etal_Exp2-All
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fb2f1v3
title: Data from: High levels of multiple paternity in a spermcast mating freshwater mussel

description: Multiple paternity is an important characteristic of the genetic mating
 system and common across a wide range of taxa. Multiple paternity can
 increase within-population genotypic diversity, allowing selection to act
 on a wider spectre of genotypes, and potentially increasing effective
 population size. While the genetic mating system has been studied in many
 species with active mating behaviour, little is known about multiple
 paternity in sessile species releasing gametes into the water. In
 freshwater mussels, males release sperm into the water, while eggs are
 retained and fertilised inside the female (spermcast mating). Mature
 parasitic glochidia are released into the water and attach to the gills of
 fish where they are encapsulated until settling in the bottom substrate.
 We used 15 microsatellite markers to detect multiple paternity in a wild
 population of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera).
 We found multiple paternity in all clutches for which more than two
 offspring were genotyped and numbers of sires were extremely high.
 Thirty-two sires had contributed to the largest clutch (43 offspring
 sampled). This study provides the first evidence of multiple paternity in
 the freshwater pearl mussel, a species that has experienced dramatic
 declines across Europe. Previous studies on other species of freshwater
 mussels have detected much lower numbers of sires. Multiple paternity in
 freshwater pearl mussels may be central for maintaining genetic
 variability in small and fragmented populations and for their potential to
 recover after habitat restoration, and may also be important in the
 evolutionary arms race with their fish host with a much shorter generation
 time.
description: Wackeretal2018_GenotypesAdult and juvenile genotypes in CERVUS formatWackeretal2018_Rscript_siresR script for the simulation of the number of sires in the complete clutch of female SL51. The script produces Fig. S1.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6j9v0
title: Data from: Intense competition between arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualists in an in vitro root microbiome negatively affects total fungal abundance

description: The root microbiome is composed of an incredibly diverse microbial
 community that provides services to the plant. A major question in
 rhizosphere research is how species in root microbiome communities
 interact with each other and their host. In the nutrient mutualism between
 host plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), competition often
 leads to certain species dominating host colonization, with the outcome
 being dependent on environmental conditions. In the past, it has been
 difficult to quantify the abundance of closely related species and track
 competitive interactions in different regions of the rhizosphere,
 specifically within and outside the host. Here, we used an artificial root
 system (in vitro root organ cultures) to investigate intraradical (within
 the root) and extraradical (outside the root) competitive interactions
 between two closely related AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis and
 Glomus aggregatum, under different phosphorus availabilities. We found
 that competitive interactions between AMF species reduced overall fungal
 abundance. R. irregularis was consistently the most abundant symbiont for
 both intraradical and extraradical colonization. Competition was the most
 intense for resources within the host, where both species negatively
 affected each other's abundance. We found the investment ratio (i.e.
 extraradical abundance/intraradical abundance) shifted for both species
 depending on whether competitors were present or not. Phosphorus
 availability did not change the outcome of these interactions. Our results
 suggest that studies on competitive interactions should focus on
 intraradical colonization dynamics and consider how changes in investment
 ratio are mediated by fungal species interactions.
description: Mol_Eco_qPCR_dataThis file contains all the data from the qPCR analyses described in the paper.Mol_Eco_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1nc7424
title: Data from: Context-specific learning and its implications for social learning

description: Social learning is widespread but the causes for variation in the use of
 social versus private information are not always clear. Alongside adaptive
 explanations, suggesting that animals learn socially only when it is
 indeed adaptive to do so, it is also possible that the use of social
 learning is limited by mechanistic constraints. A common, but frequently
 overlooked challenge for social learning mechanisms is the need to allow
 learners to solve a problem through watching it being solved by others.
 This requires animals to be able to shift between contexts: from the
 context of the observed solution, to the context of the unsolved problem.
 For instance, for the social learning of cues associated with hidden food,
 an individual that merely sees a conspecific exploiting the food must, in
 the later absence of demonstrators or visible rewards, also learn to
 explore the cue for itself. Here we show that this shift in context can
 indeed be difficult. In two experiments involving sand colors, house
 sparrows trained with hidden seeds learned to search for hidden seeds
 (based on food-color association) better than sparrows trained with
 exposed seeds. However, the latter showed color preference when tested
 with seeds exposed on both sand colors. These results demonstrate that
 context-specific learning makes it difficult to generalize reward-cue
 association from “exposed” to “hidden” conditions, which may explain why
 social learning is often more effective when it is based on socially
 facilitated active search (for hidden food), similar to that used in the
 context of independent foraging.
description: Experiment 1
 datasheetSparrows' pecks in
 the training and test phases of experiment 1Context paper - experiment 1
 data.xlsxExperiment 2
 datasheetThis file contains two
 tables: 1. A summed up table of sparrow's choices in different phases
 of the two tests. 2. A table depicting the sequence of choice made by each
 bird in each of the testsContext paper - experiment 2
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.78930
title: Data from: Deconstructing heterostyly: the evolutionary role of incompatibility system, pollinators and floral architecture

description: Darwin’s early work on heterostyly and related style polymorphisms (the
 presence of two or three style morphs within a population) generated much
 interest to understand how precise interactions between ecological and
 genetic mechanisms influence the evolution of floral diversity. Here we
 tested three key hypotheses proposed to explain the evolution of
 heterostyly: i)the presence of self-incompatibility, ii) the role of
 pollinators in promoting dissasortative mating, and iii) floral
 architecture, which restricts pollinators’ movements and ensures more
 exact pollen deposition on their bodies. We combined data from
 experiments, field observations, and published studies to test whether
 evolution of style polymorphism in Narcissus is driven by the
 incompatibility system, pollinator guilds, or floral architecture, within
 a phylogenetic framework. Neither differences in pollinator environment
 nor the presence of genetic self-incompatibility were correlated with
 presence of style polymorphism. However, our results indicate that the
 evolution of style polymorphism was driven by the presence of a narrow and
 long floral tube.
description: Dryad ID
 12-0668.R2Data collected in the
 field and literature