cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/499212cd-d64a-43ba-b801-95402e4d4098
title: Land Cover Map 2017 (25m rasterised land parcels, GB)

description: This is the 25m rasterised land parcels dataset for the UKCEH Land Cover Map of 2017 (LCM2017) representing Great Britain. It describes Great Britain's land cover in 2017 using UKCEH Land Cover Classes, which are based on UK Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats.  This dataset was derived by rasterising the corresponding LCM2017 land parcels dataset into 25m pixels.  It is provided as a 3-band, 8-bit integer raster.  The first band is the UKCEH Land Cover Class identifier.  Bands 2 and 3 are indicators  of classification confidence.  For a fuller description please refer to the product documentation.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.


description: The 25m Rasterised Land Parcels datasets of the LCM2017, LCM2018 and LCM2019 product range were derived by rasterising the corresponding Land Parcels datasets. They give land cover information in 21 classes based on UK Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. They are provided as 3-band 8-bit integer 25m pixel rasters. Band-1 is the modal land cover from the Land Parcels dataset, band-2 and band-3 are indicators of classification confidence. The Land Parcels datasets are maintained in a PostGIS database. Gdal tools were used to rasterise the land parcels, giving the 25m Rasterised Landparcels dataset in GeoTiff format. GeoTiff is open standard format for raster data and GeoTiff files can be read by most GIS software.
DOI: 10.5285/be0bdc0e-bc2e-4f1d-b524-2c02798dd893
title: Land Cover Map 2017 (1km summary rasters, GB and N. Ireland)

description: This 1 km summary pixel data set represents the land surface of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, classified using two classification schemas, target and aggregate classes. The target class schema comprise 21 UKCEH land cover classes based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. The aggregate class schema comprises 10 aggregate classes that are groupings of the 21 target classes. The aggregate classes group some of the more specialised target classes into more general classes. For example, the five coastal classes in the target class are grouped into a single aggregate class.

The 1km percentage product provides the percentage cover for each of the 21 land cover classes for 1km x 1km pixels. This product contains one band per habitat class, producing 21 and 10 band images for the target and aggregate class products respectively. The 1km dominant coverage product is based on the 1km percentage product, and reports the land cover class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel. A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2017 products are available from the LCM2017 product documentation.
description: UKCEH's automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. A Random Forest classifier used these to classify four composite images representing per season median surface reflectance. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra.

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2017 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation.

The 1km percentage and dominant products are created by calculating the percentage cover for each land cover classes for every 1km x 1km pixel, then reporting the dominant land cover class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel.
DOI: 10.5285/f6fc7bd4-6525-4850-b832-24b6c05b8074
title: Land Cover Map 2000 (1km dominant aggregate class, N.Ireland)

description: This dataset consists of a 1km resolution raster version of the Land Cover Map 2000 for Northern Ireland. Each 1km pixel represents the dominant aggregate class across the 1km area. The aggregate classes are aggregations of the target classes, broadly representing Broad Habitats (see below). The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2000. LCM2000 is a parcel-based thematic classification of satellite image data covering the entire United Kingdom. LCM2000 is derived from a computer classification of satellite scenes obtained mainly from Landsat, IRS and SPOT sensors and also incorporates information derived from other ancillary datasets. LCM2000 was classified using a nomenclature corresponding to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompasses the entire range of UK habitats. In addition, it recorded further detail where possible. The series of LCM2000 products includes vector and raster formats, with a number of different versions containing varying levels of detail and at different spatial resolutions.
description: In a major development of earlier methods, LCM2000 used image segmentation to identify land parcels in the pixel-based images. An automated procedure grouped the image pixels into spectrally 'uniform' segments. These were built around 'seedpoints' selected to avoid parcel boundaries. The segmentation recorded a field-by-field pattern, also separating land use zones within urban and suburban areas, and subdividing mosaics of semi-natural vegetation. Generalisation gave minimum mappable units of a half hectare. A 'vector' version was then created in the geographical information system (GIS), where the boundaries between the pixel-based segments were represented by digital linework. The resultant land parcels were treated as GIS objects to which attribute data could then be attached covering such topics as land cover class, parcel area, length of boundary, processing history, knowledge-based correction and identification of the original satellite scene. The raster products have been derived from the vector dataset. LCM2000 was produced at CEH Monks Wood. For further information on the methodology developed and used to create Land Cover Map 2000, see the on-line supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162625.10fu
title: SH0162625.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/48cd6732-bbfb-466d-ba80-ecc9e591a5c0
title: Land Cover Map 2007 (1km dominant aggregate class, N. Ireland) v1.2

description: This dataset consists of a 1km resolution raster version of the Land Cover Map 2007 for Northern Ireland. Each 1km pixel represents the dominant aggregate class across the 1km area. The aggregate classes are aggregations of the target classes, broadly representing Broad Habitats (see below). The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2007. LCM2007 is a parcel-based thematic classification of satellite image data covering the entire United Kingdom. The map updates and upgrades the Land Cover Map of Great Britain (LCMGB) 1990 and LCM2000. Like the earlier 1990 and 2000 products, LCM2007 is derived from a computer classification of satellite scenes obtained mainly from Landsat, IRS and SPOT sensors and also incorporates information derived from other ancillary datasets. LCM2007 was classified using a nomenclature corresponding to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompasses the entire range of UK habitats. In addition, it recorded further detail where possible. The series of LCM2007 products includes vector and raster formats, with a number of different versions containing varying levels of detail and at different spatial resolutions.
description: LCM2007 uses a spatial framework based on OSNI Vector Map. Vector Map was generalised to remove unnecessary detail, then the framework was segmented according to the underlying satellite data to split areas of non-uniform landscape. The data was classified according to a parcel-based supervised maximum likelihood classification procedure. The raster products are derived from the vector products. Version 1.2 includes the addition of a water class. Refer to online supporting documentation for further information.
DOI: 10.5285/6cffd348-dad7-46f9-9c5b-8d904dd5b2a2
title: Land Cover Map 2007 (1km dominant target class, GB) v1.2

description: This dataset consists of a 1km resolution raster version of the Land Cover Map 2007 for Great Britain. Each 1km pixel represents the dominant target class across the 1km area. The target classes broadly represent Broad Habitats (see below). The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2007. LCM2007 is a parcel-based thematic classification of satellite image data covering the entire United Kingdom. The map updates and upgrades the Land Cover Map of Great Britain (LCMGB) 1990 and LCM2000. Like the earlier 1990 and 2000 products, LCM2007 is derived from a computer classification of satellite scenes obtained mainly from Landsat, IRS and SPOT sensors and also incorporates information derived from other ancillary datasets. LCM2007 was classified using a nomenclature corresponding to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompasses the entire range of UK habitats. In addition, it recorded further detail where possible. The series of LCM2007 products includes vector and raster formats, with a number of different versions containing varying levels of detail and at different spatial resolutions.
description: LCM2007 uses a spatial framework based on OS MasterMap (R). MasterMap was generalised to remove unnecessary detail, then the framework was segmented according to the underlying satellite data to split areas of non-uniform landscape. The data was classified according to a parcel-based supervised maximum likelihood classification procedure. The raster products are derived from the vector products. Version 1.2 includes the addition of OS Tiles HZ and NW. See online supporting information for further details.
DOI: 10.5285/9e08e1c3-d2c6-41d0-8919-d9015b38ead2
title: Land Cover Map 2015 (1km percentage target class, N. Ireland)

description: This dataset consists of the 1km raster, percentage target class version of the Land Cover Map 2015 (LCM2015) for Northern Ireland. The 1km percentage product provides the percentage cover for each of 21 land cover classes for 1km x 1km pixels. This product contains one band per target habitat class (producing a 21 band image).  The 21 target classes are based on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompass the entire range of UK habitats.   This dataset is derived from the vector version of the Land Cover Map, which contains individual parcels of land cover and is the highest available spatial resolution. LCM2015 is a land cover map of the UK which was produced at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2014 and 2015 into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes.

 LCM2015 consists of a range of raster and vector products and users should familiarise themselves with the full range (see related records, the CEH web site and the LCM2015 Dataset documentation) to select the product most suited to their needs. 

LCM2015 was produced at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2014 and 2015 into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. It is one of a series of land cover maps, produced by UKCEH since 1990.  They include versions in 1990, 2000, 2007, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

description: The percentage target class is produced from the 25m raster product by:
1.	Using gdal_calc to split the 21 target classes into 21 individual images for each class where the presence of the class in question is recorded as 100 and absence is assigned 0.
2.	Gdal_warp is then applied to each of the 21 presence/absence images to resample to 1km, using the 'average' option under resample. This produces images of percentage cover for each class.
3.	Gdal_merge is then used to create a single file with 21 bands, where each band provides the percentage cover for the class i.e. band 1 provides percentage cover for class 1 etc.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162626.10fu
title: SH0162626.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/0808d05b-f6da-4e76-a145-48d45a109707
title: Land Cover Map 2022 (1km summary rasters, GB and N. Ireland)

description: This 1 km summary pixel data set represents the land surface of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, classified using two classification schemas, target and aggregate classes. The target class schema comprise 21 UKCEH land cover classes based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. The aggregate class schema comprises 10 aggregate classes that are groupings of the 21 target classes. The aggregate classes group some of the more specialised target classes into more general classes. For example, the five coastal classes in the target class are grouped into a single aggregate class.

The 1km percentage product provides the percentage cover for each of the 21 land cover classes for 1km x 1km pixels. This product contains one band per habitat class, producing 21 and 10 band images for the target and aggregate class products respectively. The 1km dominant coverage product is based on the 1km percentage product, and reports the land cover class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel. A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2022 products are available from the LCM2022 product documentation accompanying this dataset.
description: UKCEH's automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. A Random Forest classifier used these to classify four composite images representing per season median surface reflectance. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra.

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2022 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation accompanying this dataset.

The 1 km percentage and dominant products are created by calculating the percentage cover for each land cover classes for every 1km x 1km pixel, then reporting the dominant land cover class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel.
DOI: 10.5285/362feaea-0ccf-4a45-b11f-980c6b89a858
title: Land Cover Map 2015 (1km percentage aggregate class, N. Ireland)

description: This dataset consists of the 1km raster, percentage aggregate class version of the Land Cover Map 2015 (LCM2015) for Northern Ireland. The 1km percentage product provides the percentage cover for each of 10 aggregated land cover classes for 1km x 1km pixels. This product contains one band per aggregated habitat class (producing a 10 band image).   The 10 aggregate classes are groupings of 21 target classes, which are based on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompass the entire range of UK habitats.  The aggregate classes group some of the more specialised classes into more general categories. For example, the five coastal classes in the target class are grouped into a single aggregate coastal class.   This dataset is derived from the vector version of the Land Cover Map, which contains individual parcels of land cover and is the highest available spatial resolution. LCM2015 is a land cover map of the UK which was produced at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2014 and 2015 into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. 

LCM2015 consists of a range of raster and vector products and users should familiarise themselves with the full range (see related records, the CEH web site and the LCM2015 Dataset documentation) to select the product most suited to their needs. 

LCM2015 was produced at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2014 and 2015 into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. It is one of a series of land cover maps, produced by UKCEH since 1990.  They include versions in 1990, 2000, 2007, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019.
description: The percentage aggregate class is produced from the 25m raster product by:
1.	Using gdal_calc to split the 10 target classes into 10 individual images for each class where the presence of the class in question is recorded as 100 and absence is assigned 0.
2.	Gdal_warp is then applied to each of the 10 presence/absence images to resample to 1km, using the 'average' option under resample. This produces images of percentage cover for each class.
3.	Gdal_merge is then used to create a single file with 10 bands, where each band provides the percentage cover for the class i.e. band 1 provides percentage cover for class 1 etc.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162627.10fu
title: SH0162627.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/59a1555f-1c51-4724-97b5-c61a7bef353d
title: Land Cover Map 2022 (25m rasterised land parcels, N. Ireland)

description: This is a 25m pixel data set representing the land surface of Northern Ireland, classified into 21 UKCEH land cover classes, based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. It is a three-band raster in GeoTiff format, produced by rasterising three properties of the classified land parcels dataset. The first band gives the most likely land cover type; the second band gives the per-parcel probability of the land cover, the third band is a measure of parcel purity. The probability and purity bands (scaled 0 to 100) combine to give an indication of uncertainty.  A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2022 products are available from the LCM2022 product documentation.
description: UKCEH's automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. Training data were automatically selected from stable land covers over the interval of 2019 to 2021. A Random Forest classifier used these to classify four composite images representing per season median surface reflectance. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra.  

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2022 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation.

The 25 m rasterised land parcels product is created by pixelating the corresponding land parcel product.
DOI: 10.5285/c4035f3d-d93e-4d63-a8f3-b00096f597f5
title: Land Cover Map 2015 (1km dominant target class, GB)

description: This dataset consists of the 1km raster, dominant target class version of the Land Cover Map 2015 (LCM2015) for Great Britain.  The 1km dominant coverage product is based on the 1km percentage product and reports the habitat class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel.  The 21 target classes are based on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompass the entire range of UK habitats.   This dataset is derived from the vector version of the Land Cover Map, which contains individual parcels of land cover and is the highest available spatial resolution. LCM2015 is a land cover map of the UK which was produced at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2014 and 2015 into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. 

LCM2015 consists of a range of raster and vector products and users should familiarise themselves with the full range (see related records, the CEH web site and the LCM2015 Dataset documentation) to select the product most suited to their needs.

LCM2015 was produced at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2014 and 2015 into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. It is one of a series of land cover maps, produced by UKCEH since 1990.  They include versions in 1990, 2000, 2007, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019.
description: The 1km dominant cover target class is produced from the 1km percentage cover target class product. The 1km percentage cover data is used to identify the highest percentage cover across the 21 bands and a script is used to identify which band the maximum value coincides with.