cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3535/mcp-3g6-z9h
title: Alchemilla glabra Neygenf.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcp-3ka-p1k
title: Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcp-h36-w5c
title: Carex rostrata Stokes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcn-7px-789
title: Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) J.T.Kartesz & Gandhi

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcp-q6y-rp7
title: Carex recta Boott

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcp-xdw-j44
title: Silene latifolia subsp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcp-ykf-sv8
title: Trifolium spadiceum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-38z-p4z
title: Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-4y6-70e
title: Dianthus deltoides L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-c0h-pqq
title: Thalictrum flavum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-n2b-n8r
title: Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-nvn-q3g
title: Alnus incana var. subsp. incana var. argentata

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-t24-w9q
title: Myosurus minimus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-w9a-t9z
title: Agrostis canina L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcq-zbc-bgb
title: Geum urbanum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcr-b5h-1tb
title: Salix myrsinifolia Salisb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcr-mzl-vaw
title: Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcr-t9v-6bx
title: Viscaria alpina (L.) G. Don

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcr-wb4-6a1
title: Rumex maritimus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcr-y14-hql
title: Berberis vulgaris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcs-fpa-w0c
title: Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcs-fx4-t35
title: Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-5yh-pzh
title: Vicia sylvatica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-78p-g28
title: Agrostis clavata Trin.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-7qe-wpz
title: Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-b35-ecc
title: Fumaria officinalis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-g62-sqr
title: Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-mg5-0km
title: Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) Sm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-njf-at5
title: Taxus baccata L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-pqd-s12
title: Geum urbanum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-q8a-68p
title: Dianthus deltoides L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-rac-9p5
title: Koeleria spicata (L.) Barberá, Quintanar, Soreng & P.M.Peterson

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-rt8-pww
title: Myrica gale L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-tj2-fq6
title: Stellaria nemorum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-00v-4ty
title: Lathyrus pratensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-0j2-qnc
title: Euphorbia peplus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-21w-b6h
title: Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-s5w-p9p
title: Trollius europaeus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mct-w64-wwz
title: Salix phylicifolia L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-9e6-v27
title: Rubus caesius L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-c58-w44
title: Actaea rubra subsp. rubra

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18008332
title: 2020 05 S155
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18008333
title: 2020 05 S155
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-e68-vap
title: Anthoxanthum australe (Schrad.) Veldkamp

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-ks9-167
title: Carex nigra subsp. nigra

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-m7t-eeg
title: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. lapponica (Hyl.) Jalas

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-yej-4vz
title: Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-006-07p
title: Reseda lutea L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-1sr-sb1
title: Draba verna L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-30h-mxl
title: Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-4lv-bzm
title: Ranunculus acris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14916921
title: Direct visualization of ultrafast and inhomogeneous self-focusing effects in semiconductors

description: Organized tabular data (Origin file format), as well as images corresponding to the figures in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17878083
title: Direct visualization of ultrafast and inhomogeneous self-focusing effects in semiconductors

description: Organized tabular data (Origin file format), as well as images corresponding to the figures in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-595-ebf
title: Montia fontana L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-6kv-hr8
title: Stellaria alsine Grimm

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-bw4-e4d
title: Agrostis capillaris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-cn3-yce
title: Draba nemorosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-dsl-kj2
title: Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcv-qnj-3my
title: Sparganium angustifolium Michx.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-ew0-5lq
title: Isoetes echinospora Durieu

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-0t1-tal
title: Sagina procumbens L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-ve4-yyj
title: Salix myrsinifolia subsp. myrsinifolia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-xdx-kjz
title: Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcw-zrd-gyd
title: Poa palustris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-507-jjw
title: Poterium sanguisorba L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-5q1-n3d
title: Plantago lanceolata L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-8jh-qj7
title: Cardamine pratensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-927-qn2
title: Saxifraga hirculus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-b44-ecw
title: Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-br9-8c6
title: Caltha palustris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-e5f-y4z
title: Chenopodium suecicum Murr

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-ee0-egb
title: Berberis vulgaris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-gk5-qj7
title: Myrica gale L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-nqf-e27
title: Plantago lanceolata L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-qwz-qnp
title: Delphinium consolida subsp. consolida

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-x1l-6j5
title: Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-xpt-814
title: Isatis tinctoria L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-zj1-btw
title: Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcx-x47-4v9
title: Silene latifolia subsp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcy-3kg-81h
title: Sparganium natans L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcy-nk0-592
title: Salix cinerea L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcy-ryr-3q6
title: Carex laxa Wahlenb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcy-y4z-lk0
title: Argentina anserina subsp. groenlandica (Tratt.) Á. Löve

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-0gr-zde
title: Ribes nigrum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-2nj-9l4
title: Potamogeton alpinus Balb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-7t6-fqr
title: Zannichellia P.Micheli ex L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-b0l-209
title: Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-f9m-d2j
title: Potamogeton alpinus Balb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-gc8-801
title: Salix glauca L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-hap-xy9
title: Micranthes nivalis (L.) Small

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-s4c-qj1
title: Plantae

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-2ap-6lp
title: Sparganium emersum Rehmann

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-vba-7w9
title: Salix aurita L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mcz-jtb-fxd
title: Juncus gerardi Loisel.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md0-6p9-50b
title: Rosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md0-9pv-snq
title: Ranunculus polyanthemos L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md0-ck5-fqw
title: Vicia cracca L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md0-lh5-4e4
title: Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md0-tme-9j4
title: Berteroa incana (L.) DC.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md0-wgj-3xg
title: Saxifraga rivularis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-4jr-kct
title: Rhynchospora fusca (L.) W.T.Aiton

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-gsr-r2c
title: Ribes spicatum x subsp. lapponicum × subsp. spicatum

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-gvh-xf4
title: Thelypteris palustris Schott

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-hjv-zyx
title: Draba incana L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-6fz-wdt
title: Poa annua L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-t9l-fb5
title: Calamagrostis × acutiflora (Schrad.) DC.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md1-vcd-et7
title: Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-61s-cek
title: Poa annua L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-9dd-kw0
title: Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-9n3-9t3
title: Phleum pratense L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-ane-30m
title: Anthoxanthum nipponicum Honda

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-f13-1g3
title: Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-j6m-d1y
title: Cerastium alpinum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-pb8-5aq
title: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-pg7-hph
title: Salix pentandra L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-q8h-thf
title: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-rka-qtg
title: Juncus compressus Jacq.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-swh-aph
title: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. lapponica (Hyl.) Jalas

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md2-vlf-a6f
title: Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-h3m-52b
title: Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-l7m-rgd
title: Poa palustris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-lmm-x24
title: Carex acutiformis Ehrh.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-mpr-ps9
title: Salix myrsinifolia subsp. myrsinifolia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-myd-wxb
title: Butomus umbellatus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-rgd-mxl
title: Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md3-vks-63y
title: Juncus balticus Willd.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-2ss-7nb
title: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-arl-2e5
title: Carex rotundata Wahlenb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-d1j-kaf
title: Plantae

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-dz2-7fm
title: Vicia sepium L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-jzk-w8b
title: Cochlearia danica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-lte-ws5
title: Carex disticha Huds.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-n0t-62h
title: Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-n3d-8gx
title: Lathyrus pratensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-spb-fbj
title: Draba verna L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-trv-llh
title: Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-vap-tk6
title: Caltha palustris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-wwd-pkt
title: Chenopodium suecicum Murr

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md4-d1k-1dh
title: Silene latifolia subsp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md5-3ma-qc8
title: Rhodiola rosea L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md5-7vb-7nh
title: Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/md5-fwd-mhy
title: Lotus corniculatus subsp. corniculatus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30911903
title: Understory Bird Species Richness and Limited Spillover from Forest Reserves into Plantations and Orchards in Southeast Asia

description: This study investigates how different agricultural plantations practices influence understory bird diversity in tropical landscapes in Southeast Asia by comparing monoculture oil palm and rubber tree plantations, polyculture fruit orchards, and nearby forest reserves. Using mist-netting surveys, the study shows that forest reserves support the highest richness and abundance of understory birds and are dominated by forest-specialist species, highlighting their irreplaceable conservation value. Although all agricultural landscapes supported less than half of the forest bird species, polyculture orchards consistently had higher bird richness and more diverse feeding guilds than monoculture plantations, including a small number of forest specialists, suggesting limited biodiversity spillover from forests. In contrast, oil palm and rubber tree plantations were dominated by non-forest specialists, indicating that structurally simplified monocultures act as barriers to forest bird persistence. Among habitat characteristics, understory vegetation cover emerged as the key driver of bird species richness in all landscapes. This study highlights that while agricultural plantations cannot substitute for forests, structurally complex and sustainably managed orchards can partially mitigate biodiversity loss and enhance matrix quality in plantation-dominated tropical landscapes.