DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59zw3r2fb
title: Roll-to-roll, high-resolution 3D printing of shape-specific particles

description: Particle fabrication has attracted recent attention due to its diverse
 applications in bioengineering, drug and vaccine delivery, microfluidics,
 granular systems, self-assembly, microelectronics, and abrasives. Herein
 we introduce a scalable, high-resolution, 3D printing technique for the
 fabrication of shape-specific particles based on roll-to-roll continuous
 liquid interface production (r2rCLIP). We demonstrate r2rCLIP using
 single-digit, micron-resolution optics in combination with a continuous
 roll of film (in lieu of a static platform), enabling the rapidly
 permutable fabrication and harvesting of shape-specific particles from a
 variety of materials and complex geometries, including geometries not
 possible to achieve with advanced mould-based techniques. We demonstrate
 r2rCLIP production of mouldable and non-mouldable shapes with voxel sizes
 as small as 2.0 × 2.0 μm2 in the print plane and 1.1 ± 0.3 μm unsupported
 thickness, at speeds of up to 1,000,000 particles per day. Such
 microscopic particles with permutable, intricate designs enable direct
 integration within biomedical, analytical and advanced materials
 applications.
description: # Roll-to-Roll, High-Resolution 3D Printing of Shape-Specific Particles
 [`https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07061-4`](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07061-4) [`https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.59zw3r2fb`](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.59zw3r2fb) Contains the data for the manuscript titled Roll-to-Roll, High-Resolution 3D Printing of Shape-Specific Particles by J. M. Kronenfeld, L. Rother, M. A. Saccone, M. T. Dulay, and J. M. DeSimone* *Corresponding Author: Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427 ## Description of the Files The following files are included in this online repository in support of the respective manuscript and as required by funding agencies: * Computer Aided Design .stl Files: * 1_to_1_Jack.stl [1] * 1:1 Jack 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Capped_Hollow_Cone.stl * Capped Hollow Cone 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Cube.stl * Cube 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Dodecahedron.stl * Dodecahedron 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 1d` and `Figure 3` * Drug_Delivery_Cube_Bottom.stl and Drug_Delivery_Cube_Top.stl [2] * Components of drug delivery cube 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` and `Figure 4c-f` * Gyroidal_Cube.stl * Gyroidal Cube 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Hollow_Circle.stl * Hollow Circle 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Hollow_Cube.stl * Hollow Cube 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 1c`, `Figure 3`, `Figure 4a-b`, `Extended Data Figure 1b-i`, and mass production demonstration * Hollow_Tetrahedron.stl * Hollow Tetrahedron 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 1a-b`, `Figure 3`, and `Extended Data Figure 1a` * Icosahedron.stl * Icosahedron 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 1d` and `Figure 3` * L_Shape.stl * L-Shape 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Octahedron.stl * Octahedron 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 1d` and `Figure 3`, and mass production demonstration * Overhang_Clip.stl * Overhang Clip 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Tetrahedral_Jack.stl * Tetrahedral Jack 3D model as printed and shown in `Figure 3` * Working Curve Extended Data: * Resin_Working_Curve_Data.xlsx * Contains all resin working curve data including bridge dosage series, replicate bridge thickness measurements, and respective intensities. Organized by tab for each resin presented in `Table A`. Each tab contains bridge series Sample ID, bridge number for reference, qualitative notes on bridge, exposure time, exposure intensity, post-filter exposure intensity, greyscaling percentage, window-delivered sample intensity, calculated natural log of intensity, average bridge sample thickness and associated standard error of sample, and respective replicate bridge thickness measurements for each sample. Cells marked with green fill on each sheet indicate the lowest mean bridge thickness measured of each respective data set. * Thermogravimetric Analysis Data: * TGA_SIL30.txt * Raw TGA data corresponding to `Extended Data Figure 3a` * TGA_HDDA_Ceramic_Mix.txt * Raw TGA data corresponding to `Extended Data Figure 3c` * X-ray Diffraction Data: * Dependent variable in units of degrees and independent variable in dimensionless absorbance units, respectively; intensity is recorded in units of counts for .csv files. * XRD_SIL30_800C.xy * Raw XRD data corresponding to `Extended Data Figure 3b` * XRD_SIL30_1200C_slowscan.csv * Raw XRD data corresponding to `Extended Data Figure 3b` * XRD_SIL30_1400C_45minScan.csv * Raw XRD data corresponding to `Extended Data Figure 3b` * XRD_HDDA_Ceramic_Mix_1400C_x2_6hourSlow.csv * Raw XRD data corresponding to `Extended Data Figure 3d` * Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Data: * EDS_Ceramic_Cubes_Surface.xlsx * Raw EDS data corresponding to `Figure 4b` \[1] [Model](http://thanasi.github.io/JaegerGrains/) adapted from [Athanassiadis, A. G. et al. Particle shape effects on the stress response of granular packings. Soft Matter 10, 48–59 (2013)](https://doi.org/10.1039/C3SM52047A). \[2] Model adapted from [McHugh, K. J. et al. Fabrication of fillable microparticles and other complex 3D microstructures. Science 357, 1138–1142 (2017)](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7447). ## Additional Information All source data is provided with the manuscript and is available online via the publisher. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.