DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2c2n7
title: Data from: Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly

description: Diapause is a fundamental component of the life-cycle in the majority of
 insects living in environments characterized by strong seasonality. The
 present study addresses poorly understood associations and trade-offs
 between endogenous diapause duration, thermal sensitivity of development,
 energetic cost of development and cold tolerance. Diapause intensity,
 metabolic rate trajectories and lipid profiles of directly developing and
 diapausing animals were studied using pupae and adults of Pieris napi
 butterflies from a population for which endogenous diapause is well
 studied. Endogenous diapause was terminated after 3 months and termination
 required chilling. Metabolic and postdiapause development rates increased
 with diapause duration, while the metabolic cost of postdiapause
 development decreased, indicating that once diapause is terminated
 development proceeds at a low rate even at low temperature. Diapausing
 pupae had larger lipid stores than the directly developing pupae and
 lipids constituted the primary energy source during diapause. However,
 during diapause lipid stores did not decrease. Thus, despite lipid
 catabolism meeting the low energy costs of the diapausing pupae, primary
 lipid store utilization did not occur until the onset of growth and
 metamorphosis in spring. In line with this finding, diapausing pupae
 contained low amounts of mitochondria-derived cardiolipins, which suggests
 a low capacity for fatty acid β-oxidation. While ontogenic development had
 a large effect on lipid and fatty acid profiles, only small changes in
 these were seen during diapause. The data therefore indicate that the
 diapause lipidomic phenotype is built early, when pupae are still at high
 temperature, and retained until diapause post-diapause development.
description: Metabolic rate of Pieris
 napi during direct or diapause developmentThis excel file contains
 the full metabolic rate data of Pieris napi undergoing either direct
 development or diapause at low or high temperature. It contains one sheet.
 Samples are organized according to the chronological order they were
 measured. Factorial variables are coded numerically and explanations are
 given in the header. A quality filter shows poor measurements or groups
 not included in analysis. These are marked 0, while included measurements
 are marked 1. Please see comments for explanations of discarded
 measurements. Full calculations are shown in the main manuscript materials
 and methods section.Lehmann_JEB_metabolic_rate_160629.xlsxThe whole body lipidome of Pieris napiThis excel file contains the whole body lipidome of Pieris napi undergoing either direct or diapause development. It has three sheets. The first contains the lipid class data, the second the lipid species data and the third the fatty acid data. All sheets are organized similarily with explanatory variables in the first four columns and each analysed pupa on its own row. See main manuscript for detailed descriptions of lipid nomenclature.Lehmann_JEB_lipids_160629.xlsxPieris napi diapause intensity experiment and MRThis excel sheet contains the data for the Pieris napi diapause intensity experiment. It has one sheet, and each individual measurement has its own row. Factorial variables are coded by number and explanations are given in the column headers. The quality filter shows discarded measurements and the comments column shows motivation for discarding (even though there were very few discarded measurements). Full calculations are shown in the main manuscript materials and methods section.Lehmann_JEB_diapause_intensity_160629.xlsx