DOI: 10.5061/dryad.41h46j37
title: Data from: Ascertaining gene flow patterns in livestock populations of developing countries: a case study in Burkina Faso goat

description: BACKGROUND: Introgression of Sahel livestock genes southwards in West
 Africa may be favoured by human activity and the increase of the duration
 of the dry seasons since the 1970’s. The aim of this study is to assess
 the gene flow patterns in Burkina Faso goat and to ascertain the most
 likely factors influencing geographic patterns of genetic variation in the
 Burkina Faso goat population. RESULTS: A total of 520 goat were sampled in
 23 different locations of Burkina Faso and genotyped for a set of 19
 microsatellites. Although overall differentiation is poor (FST = 0.067 ±
 0.003), the goat population of Burkina Faso is far from being homogeneous.
 Barrier analysis pointed out the existence of: a) genetic discontinuities
 in the Central and Southeast Burkina Faso; and b) genetic differences
 within the goat sampled in the Sahel or the Sudan areas of Burkina Faso.
 Principal component analysis and admixture proportion scores were computed
 for each population sampled and used to construct interpolation maps.
 Furthermore, Population Graph analysis revealed that the Sahel and the
 Sudan environmental areas of Burkina Faso were connected through a
 significant number of extended edges, which would be consistent with the
 hypothesis of long-distance dispersal. Genetic variation of Burkina Faso
 goat followed a geographic-related pattern. This pattern of variation is
 likely to be related to the presence of vectors of African animal
 trypanosomosis. Partial Mantel test identified the present Northern limit
 of trypanosome vectors as the most significant landscape boundary
 influencing the genetic variability of Burkina Faso goat (p = 0.008). The
 contribution of Sahel goat genes to the goat populations in the Northern
 and Eastern parts of the Sudan-Sahel area of Burkina Faso was substantial.
 The presence of perennial streams explains the existence of trypanosome
 vectors. The South half of the Nakambé river (Southern Ouagadougou) and
 the Mouhoun river loop determined, respectively, the Eastern and Northern
 limits for the expansion of Sahelian goat genes. Furthermore, results from
 partial Mantel test suggest that the introgression of Sahelian goat genes
 into Djallonké goat using human-influenced genetic corridors has a limited
 influence when compared to the biological boundary defined by the northern
 limits for the distribution of the tsetse fly. However, the genetic
 differences found between the goat sampled in Bobo Dioulasso and the other
 populations located in the Sudan area of Burkina Faso may be explained by
 the broad goat trade favoured by the main road of the country.
 CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis clearly suggests that genetic variation
 in Burkina Faso goat: a) follows a North to South clinal; and b) is
 affected by the distribution of the tsetse fly that imposes a limit to the
 Sahelian goat expansion due to their trypanosusceptibility. Here we show
 how extensive surveys on livestock populations can be useful to indirectly
 assess the consequences of climate change and human action in developing
 countries.
description: Data Traoré et al.
 (2012) BMC GeneticsGenotypes, for 19
 microsatellites, of 520 goat sampled in 23 different locations of Burkina
 Faso. Genotypes are given in MolKin format (similar to
 GENEPOP).