cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3535/hel-hgr-5wv
title: Plebejus Kluk, 1780

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/8sc-tyv-xq4
title: Hadena (Anepia) perplexa [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/hxy-rfx-sc3
title: Polyommatus icarus (von Rottemburg, 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/njh-3j5-9sm
title: Lithophane (Lithophane) socia Hufnagel, 1766

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/s57-b77-4vp
title: Euxoa (Euxoa) tritici Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/3lb-hlr-6zg
title: Apamea (Apamea) unanimis (Hübner, 1813)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/yat-5g3-a4n
title: Spargania luctuata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/gh1-bvm-34j
title: Hydraecia micacea Esper, 1789

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/d7y-xx6-1jj
title: Spilosoma lubricipeda (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/fya-v32-fe5
title: Pygaera timon (Hübner, 1800)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/7xh-zna-stl
title: Opisthograptis luteolata (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/nny-akw-cbm
title: Borkhausenia fuscescens Haworth, 1829

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/z7h-68g-ksg
title: Polyommatus icarus (von Rottemburg, 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/k0g-f52-0qs
title: Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/k54-qpf-rfm
title: Hydriomena ruberata (Freyer, [1831])

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/443-23p-x8f
title: Hadena (Anepia) perplexa [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/3s2-ddq-e6q
title: Dioryctria abietella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/90j-jqe-w9t
title: Diarsia dahlii Hübner, 1813

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/acf-dmk-b5e
title: Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/k8d-p3d-4aw
title: Sideridis (Heliophobus) reticulata Goeze, 1781

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/e5b-k9e-547
title: Oligia strigilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/5mg-9px-ck5
title: Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ksq-9g5-vx3
title: Boloria selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/8h9-xhq-6pj
title: Apamea (Apamea) sordens (Hufnagel, 1766)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/z3w-f3q-k1q
title: Orthonama vittata (Borkhausen, 1794)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/yqp-0c4-3dm
title: Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2m32q8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 81 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((106.942 -5.655863, 106.871395 -5.661425, 106.802524 -5.677975, 106.73708 -5.705105, 106.676671 -5.74215, 106.622782 -5.788198, 106.576741 -5.842119, 106.53968 -5.902586, 106.512514 -5.968113, 106.495915 -6.037086, 106.490295 -6.10781, 106.495798 -6.178543, 106.512291 -6.247544, 106.539373 -6.313111, 106.57638 -6.37363, 106.622404 -6.427608, 106.676311 -6.473714, 106.736774 -6.510811, 106.802301 -6.537982, 106.871278 -6.554558, 106.942 -6.560129, 107.012722 -6.554558, 107.081699 -6.537982, 107.147226 -6.510811, 107.207689 -6.473714, 107.261596 -6.427608, 107.30762 -6.37363, 107.344627 -6.313111, 107.371709 -6.247544, 107.388202 -6.178543, 107.393705 -6.10781, 107.388085 -6.037086, 107.371486 -5.968113, 107.34432 -5.902586, 107.307259 -5.842119, 107.261218 -5.788198, 107.207329 -5.74215, 107.14692 -5.705105, 107.081476 -5.677975, 107.012605 -5.661425, 106.942 -5.655863))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 81 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056002-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/f3t-an6-f8j
title: Xylena (Lithomoia) solidaginis Hübner, 1803

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/lga-1g1-pj1
title: Plebejus Kluk, 1780

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/1l7-9h4-sc4
title: Eustroma reticulata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/d9k-gcb-371
title: Scoparia cembrella Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/sra-t4l-3vd
title: Carterocephalus silvicola (Meigen, 1829)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/9lm-s1e-lx8
title: Polychrysia moneta (Fabricius, 1787)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/lt2-0rt-nqm
title: Electrophaes corylata (Thunberg, 1792)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/0kd-t0w-pwx
title: Mesoligia furuncula [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/egg-2aq-cn5
title: Sideridis (Heliophobus) reticulata Goeze, 1781

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/fve-sd4-2w2
title: Ochropacha duplaris (Linnaeus, 1761)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/egf-e94-qm4
title: Apamea (Apamea) lateritia (Hufnagel, 1766)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ktt-6rk-6zv
title: Erebia ligea (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/2wm-t49-cnc
title: Udea Guenée, 1845

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/3br-460-aa6
title: Hydriomena furcata (Thunberg, 1784)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/aps-5zp-055
title: Depressaria sordidatella Tengström, 1848

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/1vd-93m-9v3
title: Boloria Moore, 1900

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/7bp-3ww-l0v
title: Cyclophora albipunctata (Hufnagel, 1767)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/6wz-en3-sxx
title: Oncocera Stephens, 1829

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/7b6-4ap-gcc
title: Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/maz-6f1-m5w
title: Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/cwl-nrx-90s
title: Diarsia rubi (Vieweg, 1790)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/p7a-5nl-8pa
title: Apamea (Apamea) furva ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/0m2-2r5-sfl
title: Eupithecia centaureata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ae3-pze-2vs
title: Hadena (Hadena) confusa (Hufnagel, 1766)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/x0q-em6-1qs
title: Boloria Moore, 1900

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/g21-kex-5sb
title: Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/y3q-j8m-017
title: Crambus nemorella Hübner

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mxc-595-r08
title: Crambus uliginosellus Zeller, 1850

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/3te-y53-dej
title: Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/k2d-f8r-7ej
title: Chilodes maritima (Tauscher, 1806)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/a9e-sxq-c2a
title: Sympistis heliophila Paykull, 1793

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/6mg-4gh-fj4
title: Polyommatus icarus (von Rottemburg, 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/arn-jkv-ft0
title: Depressaria sordidatella Tengström, 1848

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/kaa-qd7-6a2
title: Cybosia mesomella (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/txj-ama-y93
title: Boloria napaea (Hübner)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/yvg-fy6-yhl
title: Colostygia aptata (Hübner, [1813])

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/cz7-w7j-ae7
title: Aphomia sociella (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/tpy-gz6-57h
title: Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/d22-0bd-6ca
title: Axylia putris Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mtg-9r3-e9d
title: Sideridis (Heliophobus) reticulata Goeze, 1781

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ge2-rzg-8c4
title: Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/6xg-j3e-6ae
title: Borkhausenia Hübner, 1825

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/r76-zl7-vtt
title: Crambus nemorella Hübner

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/k9j-02y-dhp
title: Euxoa (Euxoa) tritici Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/xax-be3-wyz
title: Boloria napaea (Hübner)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/2kk-61h-n0b
title: Agonopterix liturosa Haworth, 1811

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/6ad-txf-fv1
title: Earias clorana (Linnaeus, 1761)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/gnx-n2k-hnf
title: Polyommatus icarus (von Rottemburg, 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/0xr-11p-hj4
title: Polia hepatica Clerck, 1759

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/a2j-62v-ft0
title: Erebidae

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/mde-alb-b4q
title: Oligia latruncula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/zaq-62x-fqt
title: Thumatha senex (Hübner, 1804)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/k2g-290-ntj
title: Crypsedra gemmea Treitschke, 1825

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/r8n-tcw-5js
title: Epirrhoe alternata (Müller, 1764)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/sw5-cq8-6rm
title: Hydriomena impluviata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/wc0-8j1-gpe
title: Sideridis (Heliophobus) reticulata Goeze, 1781

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/zm1-ddy-qtp
title: Crambus nemorella Hübner

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/vjm-gex-nl9
title: Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/4yr-qy7-qmb
title: Mesoligia furuncula [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/7mk-7vy-4jx
title: Colias palaeno (Linnaeus, 1761)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/h3n-ac4-el3
title: Thumatha senex (Hübner, 1804)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/h5z-xd5-x45
title: Anania hortulata Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ns1-5fb-d8k
title: Polia nebulosa Hufnagel, 1766

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/jbg-2cw-y58
title: Sideridis (Heliophobus) reticulata Goeze, 1781

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/vp0-8a9-1mh
title: Hypochalcia ahenella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/34f-m1a-ran
title: Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/q5f-m50-wtt
title: Plebejus Kluk, 1780

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/2a3-991-pam
title: Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/28d-f8s-p23
title: Axylia putris Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/f1h-dqs-6sw
title: Borkhausenia Hübner, 1825

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/bl7-d9j-p7q
title: Agonopterix liturosa Haworth, 1811

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/xlk-3he-dhc
title: Apamea (Apamea) furva ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/4by-5h8-qmm
title: Agonopterix ciliella Stainton, 1849

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/b0z-hh7-f9e
title: Hada plebeja Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/3pv-y6c-721
title: Brenthis ino (von Rottemburg, 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/bak-a3w-0yn
title: Hadena (Hadena) confusa (Hufnagel, 1766)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ez4-pfq-rbm
title: Hadena bicrusis

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/r7n-6hb-t5w
title: Euxoa (Euxoa) tritici Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.17026/ar/ikclra
title: PAN-00167937 - grindstone/whetstone

description: &lt;p&gt;This find is registered at Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands with number PAN-00167937&lt;/p&gt;
description: Modified: 2025-06-30T11:30:19+02:00
DOI: 10.3535/brg-5ly-6xr
title: Colostygia olivata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/aar-ba1-l4m
title: Polia nebulosa Hufnagel, 1766

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/0wx-jw7-zcc
title: Orthosia (Cororthosia) gracilis [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/c7f-gtw-saq
title: Caradrina (Paradrina) clavipalpis (Scopoli, 1763)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/eyy-glg-2s4
title: Apamea (Apamea) unanimis (Hübner, 1813)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/q1p-f4d-jdl
title: Scoparia cembrella Linnaeus, 1761

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/8wj-pph-lx2
title: Crambus perlellus Scopoli, 1763

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/jh1-p8z-3y8
title: Crambus perlellus Scopoli, 1763

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/rzm-qs0-epk
title: Hadena (Hadena) compta [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/z4y-2nt-jle
title: Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/ywb-r81-aw3
title: Eupithecia Curtis, 1825

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.21524
title: Dataset for: The Affirmative Character Scale: A Tool to Explore New Forms of Authoritarianism

description: There are two main points of reference to Frankfurt School's authoritarianism research. On the one hand, scholars who, following Fromm (1932), seek to identify a contemporary social character under conditions of post-Fordist capitalism emphasize that the authoritarian character has been replaced by a flexible, entrepreneurial self. On the other hand, research on authoritarianism still relies on adaptations of the F-scale developed by Adorno et al. (1950) (e.g., Altemeyer, 1981; Beierlein et al., 2014; Oesterreich, 1998; Decker et al., 2022). At the same time, certain new forms of authoritarianism are being identified (Amlinger & Nachtwey, 2025). In this paper, we aim to bridge this tension by introducing a measurement tool for a contemporary “affirmative social character” adapted to flexible capitalism, and to explore the relationship between this social character and authoritarian tendencies. Based on a German sample (N = 1,196), we develop the 28-item Aff-Scale to measure the adaptive authoritarian tendencies aligned with the demands of 21st-century meritocracy. The scale captures five dimensions: affirmation, self-optimization, flexibility & mobility, solutionism, and libertarianism. Validation measures included traditional authoritarianism (KSA-3; Beierlein et al., 2014), right-wing extremism (FR-LF; Heller et al., 2020), and sociodemographic variables. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the multidimensionality (CFI = 0.927; RMSEA = 0.048) but showed a need for further validation. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = .83; ω = .64) and the expected correlations with RWA and educational-, social status and age were significant. Despite its limitations, the Aff-scale is a useful tool for examining a 21st century social character and contributes to a better understanding of modernized forms of authoritarianism.
DOI: 10.3535/c2f-h7j-jbe
title: Polyommatus icarus (von Rottemburg, 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/xa5-9lp-e57
title: Eumedonia eumedon (Esper, 1780)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/807-f2f-xky
title: Orthosia (Semiophora) gothica Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.