cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469778
title: Application of a microrheology technique to measure the viscosity of disodium cromoglycate liquid crystal

description: Although the science of rheology is well established, some important challenges still persist to measure the viscoelastic properties of complex fluids, such as biological solutions and liquid crystals (LC). In this work, we present a method, based on the calculation of the step length of Brownian particles, to measure the effective local viscosity sensed by microscopic objects in the LC host. This approach allowed us to quantify the anisotropy of the viscosity, and it could also be extended to measure the local viscosity in other nonhomogeneous media. We also present a new guided light dark-field microscopy technique that was used to track particles during our experiments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469778.v1
title: Application of a microrheology technique to measure the viscosity of disodium cromoglycate liquid crystal

description: Although the science of rheology is well established, some important challenges still persist to measure the viscoelastic properties of complex fluids, such as biological solutions and liquid crystals (LC). In this work, we present a method, based on the calculation of the step length of Brownian particles, to measure the effective local viscosity sensed by microscopic objects in the LC host. This approach allowed us to quantify the anisotropy of the viscosity, and it could also be extended to measure the local viscosity in other nonhomogeneous media. We also present a new guided light dark-field microscopy technique that was used to track particles during our experiments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469748.v2
title: Endoscopic treatments for rectal neuroendocrine tumors smaller than 16 mm: a meta-analysis

description: <b>Objective:</b> Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), including conventional EMR (c-EMR) and modified EMR (m-EMR), was applied to remove small rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We aim to evaluate treatment outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), m-EMR and c-EMR for rectal NETs &lt;16 mm. <b>Methods:</b> The PubMed, Cochrane Library and Elsevier Science Direct were searched to identify eligible articles. After quality assessment and data extraction, meta-analysis was performed. The main outcomes were complete resection rate, overall complication rate, procedure time and local recurrence rate. <b>Results:</b> Compared with c-EMR, ESD could achieve higher complete resection rate (OR = 4.38, 95%CI: 2.43–7.91, <i>p</i> p = 0.25). However, ESD was more time-consuming than c-EMR (MD = 6.72, 95%CI: 5.84–7.60, <i>p</i> p = 0.34; OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 0.75–4.86, <i>p</i> = 0.18, respectively). However, ESD was more time-consuming than m-EMR (MD = 12.21, 95%CI: 7.78–16.64, <i>p</i> p p = 0.90). Moreover, m-EMR was not time-consuming than c-EMR (MD = 2.01, 95%CI: −0.37–4.40, <i>p</i>= 0.10). The local recurrence rate was 0.84% (9/1067) during follow-up. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both ESD and m-EMR have great advantages over c-EMR in complete resection rate without increasing safety concern while m-EMR shares similar outcomes with ESD for rectal NETs &lt;16 mm. The results should be confirmed by well-designed, multicenter, randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-ups from more countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469742
title: Intra- and interspecific variability in allodaposuchid crocodylomorphs and the status of western European taxa

description: The genus <i>Allodaposuchus</i> is an endemic eusuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Europe. This genus was erected in 1928 by Baron Franz Nopcsa based on <i>Allodaposuchus precedens</i> from the Maastrichtian of Romania<i>.</i> Fragmentary skulls recovered from France and Spain were later referred to <i>A. precedens</i>, but three new species of <i>Allodaposuchus</i> have since been described: <i>A. subjuniperus, A. palustris</i> and <i>A. hulki.</i> A set of remains from Velaux, France, was recently interpreted as an ontogenetic series of <i>A. precedens</i>, prompting the argument that other species referred to <i>Allodaposuchus</i> are synonyms of <i>A. precedens</i>. Here, we review intra- and interspecific variability among allodaposuchids. Diagnostic characters for different allodaposuchids are outside the ranges of variation for modern species. Ontogenetic (intraspecific) variation observed in the allodaposuchid from Velaux is not in conflict with the presence of at least four taxa in the European Archipelago during the Late Cretaceous.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469742.v1
title: Intra- and interspecific variability in allodaposuchid crocodylomorphs and the status of western European taxa

description: The genus <i>Allodaposuchus</i> is an endemic eusuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Europe. This genus was erected in 1928 by Baron Franz Nopcsa based on <i>Allodaposuchus precedens</i> from the Maastrichtian of Romania<i>.</i> Fragmentary skulls recovered from France and Spain were later referred to <i>A. precedens</i>, but three new species of <i>Allodaposuchus</i> have since been described: <i>A. subjuniperus, A. palustris</i> and <i>A. hulki.</i> A set of remains from Velaux, France, was recently interpreted as an ontogenetic series of <i>A. precedens</i>, prompting the argument that other species referred to <i>Allodaposuchus</i> are synonyms of <i>A. precedens</i>. Here, we review intra- and interspecific variability among allodaposuchids. Diagnostic characters for different allodaposuchids are outside the ranges of variation for modern species. Ontogenetic (intraspecific) variation observed in the allodaposuchid from Velaux is not in conflict with the presence of at least four taxa in the European Archipelago during the Late Cretaceous.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469688
title: Aberrant trafficking of a Leu89Pro connexin32 mutant associated with X-linked dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

description: <b>Objective:</b> To determine the functional abnormalities of the Leu89Pro mutation in connexin32 (CX32), which we have previously reported is present within an X-linked dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease family. In this family, male patients were moderately to severely affected. <b>Methods:</b> We performed immunofluorescence to investigate whether the Leu89Pro CX32 protein was transported to the cell membrane in HeLa and Schwann cells. First, we constructed the eukaryotic express plasmids expressing CX32 (wild-type or Leu89Pro) and enhanced green fluorescent protein by the gene recombination technology. Then the recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected into communication-incompetent HeLa cells and human Schwann cells by the lipofectamine method. Later, we double-labeled cells for both CX32 and markers of the ER (calnexin) or the Golgi (58-kDa protein) at 24 h or 48 h. The images were collected using a Leica TCS SP5 II confocal microscope. <b>Results:</b> The mutant CX32 protein was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and failed to reach the cell membrane to form gap junctions. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results indicated that the Leu89Pro substitution in the second transmembrane domain of CX32 disrupts the trafficking of the protein, inhibiting the assembly of CX32 gap junctions, which in turn may result in peripheral neuropathy. This functional abnormality may explain the moderate to severe phenotype seen in Leu89Pro patients, and as such represents a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of this subset of CMTX patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469688.v1
title: Aberrant trafficking of a Leu89Pro connexin32 mutant associated with X-linked dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

description: <b>Objective:</b> To determine the functional abnormalities of the Leu89Pro mutation in connexin32 (CX32), which we have previously reported is present within an X-linked dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease family. In this family, male patients were moderately to severely affected. <b>Methods:</b> We performed immunofluorescence to investigate whether the Leu89Pro CX32 protein was transported to the cell membrane in HeLa and Schwann cells. First, we constructed the eukaryotic express plasmids expressing CX32 (wild-type or Leu89Pro) and enhanced green fluorescent protein by the gene recombination technology. Then the recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected into communication-incompetent HeLa cells and human Schwann cells by the lipofectamine method. Later, we double-labeled cells for both CX32 and markers of the ER (calnexin) or the Golgi (58-kDa protein) at 24 h or 48 h. The images were collected using a Leica TCS SP5 II confocal microscope. <b>Results:</b> The mutant CX32 protein was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and failed to reach the cell membrane to form gap junctions. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results indicated that the Leu89Pro substitution in the second transmembrane domain of CX32 disrupts the trafficking of the protein, inhibiting the assembly of CX32 gap junctions, which in turn may result in peripheral neuropathy. This functional abnormality may explain the moderate to severe phenotype seen in Leu89Pro patients, and as such represents a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of this subset of CMTX patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469685
title: Application of flow cytometry for evaluating clinical prognosis and histopathological grade of human glioma

description: <b>Objectives:</b> Flow cytometry was applied to predict the biological parameters of tumor behavior based on the DNA content distribution of tumors. We used flow cytometry to determine the number of cell cycles for the characterization of intracranial gliomas and its possible prognostic role. <b>Methods:</b> Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content was performed for 37 fresh operative glioma specimens. The expression of Ki-67 in glioma specimens was detected using immunohistochemistry staining. The check points of G2/M-phase fractions, cyclin B, and pCdk1 (Y15) were analyzed using Western immunoblotting. <b>Results:</b> Compared to low-grade (grade I/II) gliomas, significant differences in the Ki-67, cyclin B, G2/M-phase, and S+G2/M-phase expressions were found in high-grade (grade III/IV) gliomas. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated optimal cutoff points for the G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase fractions of 13.47 and 17.26%, respectively, which can be used to differentiate cases with low- and high-grade gliomas. Additionally, both G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase fractions had significant association with the expression of Ki-67 in the gliomas. The gliomas were classified by the DNA content. We found that patients with high-grade glioma had worse survival rate than patients with low-grade glioma. Meanwhile, ROC curve analysis gave cutoffs for G2/M-phase of 9.4% and for S+G2/M-phase fractions of 15.04% as best predicting survival. The patients with glioma had poor survival when the levels of G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase were more than 9.4 and 15.04%, respectively. In contrast, no significant association between the DNA content of glioma patients and their age, tumor recurrence, and tumor size was found. <b>Discussion:</b> Our results indicate that flow cytometry analysis for G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase fractions can be used for tumor grading for rapidly differentiating low- from high-grade gliomas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469685.v1
title: Application of flow cytometry for evaluating clinical prognosis and histopathological grade of human glioma

description: <b>Objectives:</b> Flow cytometry was applied to predict the biological parameters of tumor behavior based on the DNA content distribution of tumors. We used flow cytometry to determine the number of cell cycles for the characterization of intracranial gliomas and its possible prognostic role. <b>Methods:</b> Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content was performed for 37 fresh operative glioma specimens. The expression of Ki-67 in glioma specimens was detected using immunohistochemistry staining. The check points of G2/M-phase fractions, cyclin B, and pCdk1 (Y15) were analyzed using Western immunoblotting. <b>Results:</b> Compared to low-grade (grade I/II) gliomas, significant differences in the Ki-67, cyclin B, G2/M-phase, and S+G2/M-phase expressions were found in high-grade (grade III/IV) gliomas. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated optimal cutoff points for the G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase fractions of 13.47 and 17.26%, respectively, which can be used to differentiate cases with low- and high-grade gliomas. Additionally, both G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase fractions had significant association with the expression of Ki-67 in the gliomas. The gliomas were classified by the DNA content. We found that patients with high-grade glioma had worse survival rate than patients with low-grade glioma. Meanwhile, ROC curve analysis gave cutoffs for G2/M-phase of 9.4% and for S+G2/M-phase fractions of 15.04% as best predicting survival. The patients with glioma had poor survival when the levels of G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase were more than 9.4 and 15.04%, respectively. In contrast, no significant association between the DNA content of glioma patients and their age, tumor recurrence, and tumor size was found. <b>Discussion:</b> Our results indicate that flow cytometry analysis for G2/M-phase and S+G2/M-phase fractions can be used for tumor grading for rapidly differentiating low- from high-grade gliomas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469679
title: Inflated organelle genomes and a circular-mapping mtDNA probably existed at the origin of coloniality in volvocine green algae

description: The volvocine lineage is a monophyletic grouping of unicellular, colonial and multicellular algae, and a model for studying the evolution of multicellularity. In addition to being morphologically diverse, volvocine algae boast a surprising amount of organelle genomic variation. Moreover, volvocine organelle genome complexity appears to scale positively with organismal complexity. However, the organelle DNA architecture at the origin of colonial living is not known. To examine this issue, we sequenced the plastid and mitochondrial DNAs (ptDNA and mtDNA) of the 4-celled alga <i>Tetrabaena socialis</i>, which is basal to the colonial and multicellular volvocines. <i>Tetrabaena</i><i>socialis</i> has a circular-mapping mitochondrial genome, contrasting with the linear mtDNA architecture of its relative <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>. This suggests that a circular-mapping mtDNA conformation emerged at or near the transition to group living in the volvocines, or represents the ancestral state of the lineage as a whole. The <i>T. socialis</i> ptDNA is very large (&gt;405 kb) and dense with repeats, supporting the idea that a shift from a unicellular to a colonial existence coincided with organelle genomic expansion, potentially as a result of increased random genetic drift. These data reinforce the idea that volvocine algae harbour some of the most expanded plastid chromosomes from the eukaryotic tree of life. Circular-mapping mtDNAs are turning out to be more common within volvocines than originally thought, particularly for colonial and multicellular species. Altogether, volvocine organelle genomes became markedly more inflated during the evolution of multicellularity, but complex organelle genomes appear to have existed at the very beginning of colonial living.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469679.v1
title: Inflated organelle genomes and a circular-mapping mtDNA probably existed at the origin of coloniality in volvocine green algae

description: The volvocine lineage is a monophyletic grouping of unicellular, colonial and multicellular algae, and a model for studying the evolution of multicellularity. In addition to being morphologically diverse, volvocine algae boast a surprising amount of organelle genomic variation. Moreover, volvocine organelle genome complexity appears to scale positively with organismal complexity. However, the organelle DNA architecture at the origin of colonial living is not known. To examine this issue, we sequenced the plastid and mitochondrial DNAs (ptDNA and mtDNA) of the 4-celled alga <i>Tetrabaena socialis</i>, which is basal to the colonial and multicellular volvocines. <i>Tetrabaena</i><i>socialis</i> has a circular-mapping mitochondrial genome, contrasting with the linear mtDNA architecture of its relative <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>. This suggests that a circular-mapping mtDNA conformation emerged at or near the transition to group living in the volvocines, or represents the ancestral state of the lineage as a whole. The <i>T. socialis</i> ptDNA is very large (&gt;405 kb) and dense with repeats, supporting the idea that a shift from a unicellular to a colonial existence coincided with organelle genomic expansion, potentially as a result of increased random genetic drift. These data reinforce the idea that volvocine algae harbour some of the most expanded plastid chromosomes from the eukaryotic tree of life. Circular-mapping mtDNAs are turning out to be more common within volvocines than originally thought, particularly for colonial and multicellular species. Altogether, volvocine organelle genomes became markedly more inflated during the evolution of multicellularity, but complex organelle genomes appear to have existed at the very beginning of colonial living.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469511
title: Co-regulation of the <i>Glycine max</i> soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-containing regulon occurs during defense to a root pathogen

description: Genes functioning in membrane fusion were originally identified genetically in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and are found in all eukaryotes. Components of the unit, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE), function in the plant genetic model <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> during its defense to shoot pathogens. Regarding defense, little is understood about SNARE in roots or its regulation. Experiments in <i>Glycine max</i> (soybean) have provided an opportunity to perform such studies, revealing that SNARE genes are expressed under natural conditions in root cells undergoing defense to parasitism by the nematode <i>Heterodera glycines</i>. Presented here, the <i>G. max</i> homolog of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> suppressor of sec1 (<i>SSO1</i>), identified genetically in <i>A. thaliana</i> as <i>PENETRATION1</i> (<i>PEN1</i>) and named in its genomic annotation as syntaxin 121 (SYP121) functions in the resistance of <i>G. max</i> to <i>H. glycines</i>. Genetic experiments demonstrate Gm-SYP121 is co-expressed with homologs of other SNARE genes exhibiting measurable transcript levels in infected cells undergoing resistance. These genes include synaptosomal-associated protein 25, homologous to <i>A. thaliana SNAP33</i> (SNAP-25/<i>SNAP33</i>/<i>SEC9</i>); mammalian uncoordinated-18 (MUNC18/<i>SEC1</i>); synaptotagmin/tricalbin-3 (SYT/<i>TCB3</i>); synaptobrevin/vesicle associated membrane protein/<i>YKT6</i>/<i>SEC22</i> (SYB/<i>VAMP</i>/<i>YKT6/SEC22</i>); N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF/<i>SEC18</i>) and alpha-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein associated protein (α-SNAP/<i>SEC17</i>). Experiments show each SNARE component functions in resistance. In contrast, a coatomer zeta/retrieval3 (Cζ/<i>RET3</i>) homolog known to function in retrograde transport within and between the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum does not appear to function in resistance. Experiments show that SNARE is co-regulated along with a β-glucosidase having homology to <i>PEN2</i> and an ATP binding cassette transporter exhibiting homology to <i>PEN3</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469511.v1
title: Co-regulation of the <i>Glycine max</i> soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-containing regulon occurs during defense to a root pathogen

description: Genes functioning in membrane fusion were originally identified genetically in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and are found in all eukaryotes. Components of the unit, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE), function in the plant genetic model <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> during its defense to shoot pathogens. Regarding defense, little is understood about SNARE in roots or its regulation. Experiments in <i>Glycine max</i> (soybean) have provided an opportunity to perform such studies, revealing that SNARE genes are expressed under natural conditions in root cells undergoing defense to parasitism by the nematode <i>Heterodera glycines</i>. Presented here, the <i>G. max</i> homolog of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> suppressor of sec1 (<i>SSO1</i>), identified genetically in <i>A. thaliana</i> as <i>PENETRATION1</i> (<i>PEN1</i>) and named in its genomic annotation as syntaxin 121 (SYP121) functions in the resistance of <i>G. max</i> to <i>H. glycines</i>. Genetic experiments demonstrate Gm-SYP121 is co-expressed with homologs of other SNARE genes exhibiting measurable transcript levels in infected cells undergoing resistance. These genes include synaptosomal-associated protein 25, homologous to <i>A. thaliana SNAP33</i> (SNAP-25/<i>SNAP33</i>/<i>SEC9</i>); mammalian uncoordinated-18 (MUNC18/<i>SEC1</i>); synaptotagmin/tricalbin-3 (SYT/<i>TCB3</i>); synaptobrevin/vesicle associated membrane protein/<i>YKT6</i>/<i>SEC22</i> (SYB/<i>VAMP</i>/<i>YKT6/SEC22</i>); N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF/<i>SEC18</i>) and alpha-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein associated protein (α-SNAP/<i>SEC17</i>). Experiments show each SNARE component functions in resistance. In contrast, a coatomer zeta/retrieval3 (Cζ/<i>RET3</i>) homolog known to function in retrograde transport within and between the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum does not appear to function in resistance. Experiments show that SNARE is co-regulated along with a β-glucosidase having homology to <i>PEN2</i> and an ATP binding cassette transporter exhibiting homology to <i>PEN3</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3469475
title: Feasibility of binary composition in development of nanoethosomal glycolic vesicles of triamcinolone acetonide using Box-behnken design: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> characterization

description: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) employed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis exhibits limited penetration into the epidermis. This investigation <b>aimed</b> to explore the role of binary solvents in topical drug delivery of TA by developing nanoethosomal glycolic lipid vesicles by infusion method. Screening of vesicles (TA1-TA17) formulated by Box Behnken design identified the optimized formulation (TA10) that was developed as carbomer gels. The gels were then evaluated for pharmaceutical properties and compared with control and reference ethosomal gel (RG). Higher <i>in vitro</i> permeation was found in gels containing TA10, prepared with or without using penetration enhancer (EGP 83.76 ± 0.72% and EG 82.42 ± 0.89%, respectively). CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent tracer into the epidermis via EG as compared with RG and control gel. Enhanced penetration was due to combinational solvent effect exerted by ethanol and propylene glycol. Histological analysis confirmed the non-irritant potential of the gel. Thus, it can be concluded that nanoethosomal glycolic vesicles proved to be an effective non irritant carrier for improvised penetration of triamcinolone acetonide for potential topical therapeutics.