cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gd6555j
title: Data from: Nest survival in year-round breeding tropical Red-capped Larks (Calandrella cinerea) increases with higher nest abundance but decreases with higher invertebrate availability and rainfall

description: Nest survival is critical to breeding in birds and plays an important role
 in life-history evolution and population dynamics. Studies evaluating the
 proximate factors involved in explaining nest survival and the resulting
 temporal patterns are biased in favor of temperate regions. Yet, such
 studies are especially pertinent to the tropics, where nest predation
 rates are typically high and environmental conditions often allow for
 year-round breeding. To tease apart the effects of calendar month and
 year, population-level breeding activity and environmental conditions, we
 studied nest survival over a 64-month period in equatorial, year-round
 breeding red-capped larks Calandrella cinerea in Kenya. We show that daily
 nest survival rates varied with time, but not in a predictable seasonal
 fashion among months or consistently among years. We found negative
 influences of flying invertebrate biomass and rain on nest survival and
 higher survival of nests when nests were more abundant, which suggests
 that nest predation resulted from incidental predation. Although an
 increase in nest predation is often attributed to an increase in nest
 predators, we suggest that in our study, it may be caused by altered
 predator activity resulting from increased activity of the primary prey,
 invertebrates, rather than activity of the red-capped larks. Our results
 emphasize the need to conduct more studies in Afro-tropical regions
 because proximate mechanisms explaining nest predation can be different in
 the unpredictable and highly variable environments of the tropics compared
 with the relatively predictable seasonal changes found in temperate
 regions. Such studies will aid in better understanding of the
 environmental influences on life-history variation and population dynamics
 in birds.
description: Nest survival in
 year-round breeding tropical Red-capped LarksYear round nest
 monitoring data on Red-capped Larks collected in the field between the
 period 2011-2016. Also included are: (1) weather data on rain, maximum and
 minimum temperature collected with a local weather station located at the
 field site, (20 invertebrates biomass data sampled monthly as a proxy for
 food availability and (3) nest index quantifying number of new nests found
 in a month per 10 person hours of search effort as a measure on nest
 abundanceNest success Red_capped
 lark.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2775
title: Data from: Do environmental conditions experienced in early life affect recruitment age and performance at first breeding in common goldeneye females?

description: Environmental conditions experienced early in life may have long-term
 impacts on life history traits and reproductive performance. We
 investigated whether ambient temperature experienced during the first two
 to four weeks of life and weather severity during the first two winters
 affected recruitment age and relative timing of breeding in the year of
 recruitment in female common goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula). Our sample
 consisted of 141 female recruits hatched in a study population in central
 Finland between 1985 and 2013 and captured later as breeders. About 56% of
 the recruited females bred for the first time when 2 years old (range 2-6
 years). Individuals facing colder ambient temperatures during the first
 two to four weeks posthatch or more severe winter conditions during the
 first two winters did not recruit at an older age. Nor did maternal
 characteristics, relative hatch date or nest site availability affect
 recruitment age. For females that recruited at 2 years old, the date of
 first breeding was usually late relative to the population mean that year
 (mean difference 6.9 days, range -7 to 21 days). Our results suggest
 developmental buffering enables female goldeneye ducklings to mitigate the
 impacts of adverse environmental conditions experienced during the first
 weeks of life, at least in terms of first breeding.
description: Data from Poysa et al
 JAV-01424On sheet 1 of this file
 are given original data for analysis of age at first reproduction and on
 sheet 2 original data for analysis of relative breeding date at first
 reproduction.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jf75dq3
title: Data from: Social density, but not sex ratio, drives ecdysteroid hormone provisioning to eggs by female house crickets (Acheta domesticus)

description: Social environment profoundly influences the fitness of animals, affecting
 their probability of survival to adulthood, longevity, and reproductive
 output. The social conditions experienced by parents at the time of
 reproduction predict the social environments that offspring will face.
 Despite clear challenges in predicting future environmental conditions,
 adaptive maternal effects provide a mechanism of passing environmental
 information from parent to offspring, and are now considered pervasive in
 natural systems. Maternal effects have been widely studied in vertebrates,
 especially in the context of social environment, and are often mediated by
 steroid hormone (SH) deposition to eggs. In insects, although many species
 dramatically alter phenotype and life history traits in response to social
 density, the mechanisms of these alterations, and the role of hormone
 deposition by insect mothers into their eggs, remains unknown. In the
 experiments described here, we assess the effects of social environment on
 maternal hormone deposition to eggs in house crickets (Acheta domesticus).
 Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that variable deposition of
 ecdysteroid hormones (ESH) to eggs is affected by both maternal (1) social
 density and (2) social composition. We found that while maternal hormone
 deposition to eggs does not respond to social composition (sex ratio), it
 does reflect social density; females provision their eggs with higher ESH
 concentrations under low density conditions. This finding is consistent
 with the interpretation that variable ESH provisioning is an adaptive
 maternal response to social environment, and congruent with similar
 patterns of variable maternal provisioning across the tree of life.
 Moreover, our results confirm that maternal hormone provisioning may
 mediate delayed density dependence by introducing a time lag in the
 response of offspring phenotype to population size.
description: Data for A domesticus
 social density and sex ratioThis data file has two
 pages--a metadata page explaining the meaning of each column label, and a
 datasheet containing 27 columns and 100 rows of data.Dryad
 Data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8877
title: Data from: Evolution of male and female genitalia following release from sexual selection

description: Despite the key functions of the genitalia in sexual interactions and
 fertilization, the role of sexual selection and conflict in shaping
 genital traits remains poorly understood. Seed beetle (Callosobruchus
 maculatus) males possess spines on the intromittent organ, and females
 possess a thickened reproductive tract wall that also bears spines. We
 investigated the role of sexual selection and conflict by imposing
 monogamous mating on eight replicate populations of this naturally
 polygamous insect, while maintaining eight other populations under
 polygamy. To establish whether responses to mating system manipulation
 were robust to ecological context, we simultaneously manipulated life
 history selection (early/late reproduction). Over 18-21 generations, male
 genital spines evolved relatively reduced length in large males (i.e.,
 shallower static allometry) in monogamous populations. Two
 non-intromittent male genital appendages also evolved in response to the
 interaction of mating system and ecology. In contrast, no detectable
 evolution occurred in female genitalia, consistent with the expectation of
 a delayed response in defensive traits. Our results support a sexually
 antagonistic role for the male genital spines, and demonstrate the
 evolution of static allometry in response to variation in sexual selection
 opportunity. We argue that further advances in the study of genital
 coevolution will require a much more detailed understanding of the
 functions of male and female genital traits.
description: Cayetano-et-al-C-maculatus-dataMorphometric data for Callosobruchus maculatus beetles from 16 replicate artificial evolution lines.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1h73pd8
title: Data from: Habitat partitioning during character displacement between the sexes

description: Ecological differences between the sexes are often interpreted as evidence
 of within-species ecological character displacement (ECD), a hypothesis
 with almost no direct tests. Here we experimentally-test two predictions,
 that are direct corollaries of ECD between the sexes, in a salamander.
 First, we find support for the prediction that each sex has a growth rate
 advantage in the aquatic microhabitat where it is most commonly found.
 Second, we test the prediction that selection for ECD in the breeding
 environment may affect partial migration out of this environment. We found
 that phenotype-dependent migration resulted in a shift in the phenotypic
 distribution across treatments, with the highest sexual dimorphism
 occurring among residents at high founding density, suggesting migration
 and ECD can both be driven by competition. Our work illustrates how
 complex patterns of habitat partitioning evolve during ECD between the
 sexes and suggest ECD and partial migration can interact to effect both
 ecological dynamics and evolution of sexual dimorphism.
description: DeLisle_et_al_DATAData from two cattle tank experiments with Notophthalmus viridescens
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d4s1k
title: Data from: Detecting cryptic indirect genetic effects

description: Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) occur when genes expressed in one
 individual alter the phenotype of an interacting partner. IGEs can
 dramatically affect the expression and evolution of social traits.
 However, the interacting phenotype(s) through which they are transmitted
 are often unknown, or cryptic, and their detection would enhance our
 ability to accurately predict evolutionary change. To illustrate this
 challenge and possible solutions to it, we assayed male leg tapping
 behaviour using inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster paired with a
 common focal male strain. The expression of tapping in focal males was
 dependent on the genotype of their interacting partner, but this strong
 IGE was cryptic. Using a multiple-regression approach, we identified male
 startle response as a candidate interacting phenotype: the longer it took
 interacting males to settle after being startled, the less focal males
 tapped them. A genome-wide association analysis identified approximately a
 dozen candidate protein-coding genes potentially underlying the IGE, of
 which the most significant was slowpoke. Our methodological framework
 provides information about candidate phenotypes and candidate SNPs that
 underpin a strong yet cryptic IGE. We discuss how this approach can
 facilitate the detection of cryptic IGEs contributing to unusual
 evolutionary dynamics in other study systems.
description: Focal male tapping
 behaviour by line (original plus validation data
 combined)SAS file with line,
 temperature and binary response.Tmodelisoall_SAS_DATA.txtData for blind validationTapping behaviour in subset of 8 lines. SAS data file contains line, temperature, block (0 = original, 1 = validation) and binary tapping response.Tmodelisovalidation_SAS_DATA.txtInter-lab validation of startle responseFile contains startle response data from Mackay et al. (2012) compared to startle response data collected in the present study, for a subset of 3 high and 3 low lines. For "block", (0 = Mackay et al. (2012) data, 1 = data collected for validation).Startlevalidation_SAS_DATA.txtLine means for multiple regressionLine means from this study and from DGRP database used in multiple regression analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6s5vv
title: Data from: Infection of male rats with Toxoplasma gondii results in enhanced delay aversion and neural changes in the nucleus accumbens core

description: Rats infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii exhibit
 reduced avoidance of predator odours. This behavioural change is likely to
 increase transmission of the parasite from rats to cats. Here, we show
 that infection with T. gondii increases the propensity of the infected
 rats to make more impulsive choices, manifested as delay aversion in an
 intertemporal choice task. Concomitantly, T. gondii infection causes
 reduction in dopamine content and neuronal spine density of the nucleus
 accumbens core, but not of the nucleus accumbens shell. These results are
 consistent with a role of the nucleus accumbens dopaminergic system in
 mediation of choice impulsivity and goal-directed behaviours. Our
 observations suggest that T. gondii infection in rats causes a syndromic
 shift in related behavioural constructs of innate aversion and making
 foraging decisions.
description: Raw Data for
 "Impulsivity in Toxoplasma infected rats"Entire raw
 dataRaw
 Data Dryad RSPB-2015-0042.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6dc14
title: Data from: Taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Eucteniza ausserer (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)

description: The mygalomorph spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875 comprises 15 nominal
 species known only from the southwestern United States (Texas) and Mexico
 (Northern, Central, and the Baja Peninsula). Eucteniza atoyacensis Bond
 and Opell, 2002 is considered a nomen dubium; E. rex (Chamberlin, 1940)
 and E. stolida (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior
 synonyms of E. relata (O.P.-Cambridge, 1895). Twelve new species are
 described: E. caprica, E. coylei, E. diablo, E. cabowabo, E. huasteca, E.
 zapatista, E. chichimeca, E. ronnewtoni, E. hidalgo, E. golondrina, E.
 panchovillai, and E. rosalia.
description: Morphological
 measurement dataexcel spreadsheet
 containing morphological measurements assessed for all specimens
 described.EuctenizaVariation.xlsxEucteniza KML fileKML file containing all Eucteniza specimen locality dataeuctenizaKM2L.kmz
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0qc39
title: Data from: Climate change and the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) population in Baja California, Mexico

description: The Earth′s climate is warming, especially in the mid- and high latitudes
 of the Northern Hemisphere. The northern elephant seal (Mirounga
 angustirostris) breeds and haul-outs on islands and the mainland of Baja
 California, Mexico, and California, U.S.A. At the beginning of the 21st
 century, numbers of elephant seals in California are increasing, but the
 status of Baja California populations is unknown, and some data suggest
 they may be decreasing. We hypothesize that the elephant seal population
 of Baja California is experiencing a decline because the animals are not
 migrating as far south due to warming sea and air temperatures. Here we
 assessed population trends of the Baja California population, and climate
 change in the region. The numbers of northern elephant seals in Baja
 California colonies have been decreasing since the 1990s, and both the
 surface waters off Baja California and the local air temperatures have
 warmed during the last three decades. We propose that declining population
 sizes may be attributable to decreased migration towards the southern
 portions of the range in response to the observed temperature increases.
 Further research is needed to confirm our hypothesis; however, if true, it
 would imply that elephant seal colonies of Baja California and California
 are not demographically isolated which would pose challenges to
 environmental and management policies between Mexico and the United
 States.
description: females
 estimateestimation of the total
 number of females from a single count using the expected proportion of
 females on land obtained with the RMM modelHeat waves
 ICheat waves on Cedros
 Island, 1957-1995maximum air temperature
 (month)monthly average maximum
 air temperature on Cedros Island, 1957-1995mean air temperature
 (month)monthly average mean air
 temperature on Cedros Island, 1957-1995minimum air temperature
 (month)monthly average minimum
 air temperature on Cedros Island, 1957-1995
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m141f
title: Data from: Maternal effects influence phenotypes and survival during early life stages in an aquatic turtle

description: Offspring phenotypic variation can be substantially influenced by
 non-genetic factors such as maternal effects, which ultimately can
 influence organismal fitness. For oviparous organisms that lack parental
 care, oviposition-site choice and egg size are maternal effects that can
 greatly affect offspring traits. Yet, few studies examine the consequences
 of these traits in the wild. We manipulated the contents of natural
 painted turtle nests such that offspring spent two life stages (incubation
 and hibernation) in either maternally-selected nest sites or
 randomly-selected nest sites, and quantified treatment differences in
 environmental parameters and offspring phenotypes. Additionally, we
 tracked the fates of individual eggs and hatchlings, which allowed us to
 quantify the strength and form of selection acting on egg size during
 incubation and, for the first time, body size during hibernation.
 Maternally-selected nest sites were warmer and produced offspring that
 were longer and hatched earlier than their siblings emerging from cooler,
 randomly-selected nests. Treatments did not affect any measured traits
 during hibernation. We detected no selection on egg size during the
 incubation stage, but significant linear selection favoring larger
 hatchlings during hibernation. Our results suggest that nest-site choice
 allows mothers to partially control the environment of their incubating
 eggs, but is less effective at controlling hatchling environments during
 hibernation. Additionally, we provide novel support for the
 “bigger-is-better” hypothesis in turtles by showing a positive
 relationship between size and survival during the hibernation stage.
description: Data from: Maternal
 effects influence phenotypes and survival during early life stages in an
 aquatic turtleThis excel spreadsheet
 has two tabs, "Phenotypes" and "NestEnvironments".
 "Phenotypes" contains the phenotypic data from eggs and
 hatchlings in the experiment. "NestEnvironments" contains data
 on the nest environment during incubation and the over winter
 stage.Data
 For Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34b84
title: Data from: Euglossine bees mediate only limited long-distance gene flow in a tropical vine

description: Euglossine bees (Apidae: Euglossini) have long been hypothesized to act as
 long-distance pollinators of many low-density tropical plants. We tested
 this hypothesis by the analysis of gene flow and genetic structure within
 and among populations of the euglossine bee-pollinated vine Dalechampia
 scandens. Using microsatellite markers, we assessed historical gene flow
 by the quantification of regional-scale genetic structure and isolation by
 distance among 18 populations, and contemporary gene flow by the
 estimation of recent migration rates among populations. To assess
 bee-mediated pollen dispersal on a smaller scale, we conducted paternity
 analyses within a focal population, and quantified within-population
 spatial genetic structure in four populations. Gene flow was limited to
 certain nearby populations within continuous forest blocks, whereas drift
 appeared to dominate on larger scales. Limited long-distance gene flow was
 supported by within-population patterns; gene flow was biased towards
 nearby plants, and significant small-scale spatial genetic structure was
 detected within populations. These findings suggest that, although female
 euglossine bees might be effective at moving pollen within populations,
 and perhaps within forest blocks, their contribution to gene flow on the
 regional scale seems too limited to counteract genetic drift in patchily
 distributed tropical plants. Among-population gene flow might have been
 reduced following habitat fragmentation.
description: Microsatellite
 genotypesThis is a GenAlEx file
 containing microsatellite genotypes for 229 individuals from 18
 Dalechampia scandens populations, genotyped at 30 loci.Opedal_etal_2016_genotypes_Dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.90473mt
title: Data from: Temperature variation makes an ectotherm more sensitive to global warming unless thermal evolution occurs

description: 1. To assess long-term impacts of global warming on species there is
 growing interest in latitudinal intraspecific patterns in thermal
 adaptation. Yet, while both mean temperatures and daily temperature
 fluctuations (DTFs) are expected to increase under global warming,
 latitudinal differences in the effects of DTFs have not been documented.
 2. We tested whether low-latitude populations of an ectotherm deal better
 with greater DTF than high-latitude populations, especially at a high mean
 temperature close to the optimal temperature for growth where DTF causes
 exposure to extreme high temperatures. We evaluated the impact of DTFs
 when assessing the effect of gradual thermal evolution at the high
 latitude with a space-for-time substitution. 3. We compared effects of
 both mean temperatures (20°C and 24°C) and DTFs (constant = 0°C, low = 5°C
 and high = 10°C) on growth rates between low-latitude and high-latitude
 populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans in a common-garden
 experiment. 4. DTFs , if anything, reduced growth and were generally
 stressful as indicated by reductions in body condition, antioxidant
 defense and metabolic rate, and increases in oxidative damage. Most
 negative effects of DTFs were only present at a mean of 24°C when too high
 temperatures were reached during a daily cycle. Notably, while 4°C warming
 was beneficial in terms of growth rate at both latitudes at a constant
 temperature regime, this changed in a negative effect at high DTF.
 Moreover, this modulating effect of the mean temperature by DTF differed
 between latitudes indicating local thermal adaptation. While 4°C warming
 at low DTF still caused faster growth in low-latitude larvae, it already
 slowed growth in high-latitude larvae. This supports the emerging insight
 that warming would increase growth in high-latitude larvae in absence of
 DTF, yet would decrease growth in the more realistic scenarios with DTF.
 In contrast, a space-for-time substitution approach suggested that under
 gradual thermal evolution, the evolved high-latitude larvae would no
 longer suffer a growth reduction in the presence of DTF. 5. Our study
 provided important proof-of-principle that jointly integrating gradual
 thermal evolution and the expected increase in DTF generates opposing
 predictions of effects of global warming on this ectotherm.
description: Data used for the
 analyses; Verheyen and StoksDTF = Daily Temperature
 Fluctuation; PO = phenoloxidase; MDA = malondialdehyde; CAT = catalase;
 ETS = electron transport system; SOD = superoxide
 dismutaseDataset_MS_TempDTF_JOAE.xlsx