DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bvq83bk63
title: Data from : Historical legacies and ecological determinants of grass naturalizations worldwide

description: The global distribution of exotic species is the result of abiotic, biotic
 and dispersal filtering processes that shape the movement and success of
 species outside their native range. In this study we aim to understand how
 these filtering processes drive the fluxes of grass species among regions,
 the factors that influence which species establish outside of their native
 range, and where they do so. We used national and subnational checklists
 of native and introduced grass species to determine the extent to which
 each region was a source or recipient of exotic grass species. We asked
 how species traits may distinguish those grass species that have
 naturalized outside their native range from those that have not, and how
 environmental conditions are related to the distribution of exotic grass
 species. We found that exotic grass establishment is shaped by an array of
 factors including characteristics of regions, traits of species and their
 interactions. Regions with a longer history of human occupation and larger
 numbers of native grass species were generally the most important sources
 of exotic species. Global flows of species were mostly driven by a climate
 match between the native and exotic ranges, but were also highly
 asymmetric, with regions with recent human arrival being the major hosts
 of exotic grass species. Tall, annual and C4 grass species exhibited
 particularly high probabilities of establishment outside their native
 range. Despite the idiosyncrasy and stochasticity characteristic of exotic
 species establishment, this biogeographical analysis revealed important
 generalities across this large plant group. Our results suggest that grass
 species that have co-occurred with humans for a longer time may be better
 adapted to living in anthropogenic landscapes, explaining the global
 asymmetry in species introductions.
description: <strong>Environmental predictors, and status (native or
 introduced) and presence information of 11361 grass species at the
 national or subnational level (TDWG3 regions, Brummitt
 2001)</strong> This dataset contains 3
 files: 1) The file
 "ECOG-04609_Monnet_distribution_data" contains the status -
 native (<em>N</em>) or introduced (<em>I</em>) -
 of the grass species (<em>species</em>) in each TDWG3 regions
 (<em>level3_cod</em>). Source: World Checklist of Selected
 Plant Families (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2015). 2)
 The file "ECOG-04609_Monnet_environmental_data" contains the
 environmental predictors processed for each TDWG3 regions
 (<em>level3_cod</em>): <em>latitude </em>and
 <em>longitude</em>; <em>continent</em>;
 <em>area</em>: surface of the region;
 <em>temp_mean</em>, <em>temp_min</em>,
 <em>temp_max</em>: mean, minimum, and maximum annual
 temperature; <em>pp_mean</em>, <em>pp_min</em>,
 <em>pp_max</em>: mean, minimum, and maximum annual
 precipitation; <em>temp_sd</em>: temperature seasonality;
 <em>pp_cv</em>: precipitation seasonality;
 <em>hii</em>: Humain Influence Index;
 <em>gdp</em>: Gross Domestic Product at PPP;
 <em>fire_frequency</em>: mean fire frequency;
 <em>velocity</em>: climate change velocity from the Last
 Glacial Maximum; <em>croplandX</em>, <em>grazingX,
 pastureX, rangelandX, totalX</em>: mean area covered by cropland /
 grazing / pasture / rangeland / in total at year X. 3)
 The file "ECOG-04609_Monnet_introduced_species_list" contains
 the list of the alien grass species (<em>species</em>) and
 whether they are considred as cultigens and widely cultivated grass
 species or not (1/0). Source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
 (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2015).