cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/jg2k-tv94
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - East China Sea, northern Okinawa Trough clay mineral and mass accumulation rate data over the last 300,000 years

description: Quaternary East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) evolution has long been attributed to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate change. However, it cannot explain the distinct relationships of the EAWM in the northern and southern East Asian marginal sea in paleoclimatic records. Here we present an EAWM record of the northern East China Sea over the past 300 ka and a transient climate simulation with the Kiel Climate Model through the Holocene. Both proxy record and simulation suggest anticorrelated long-term EAWM evolution between the northern East China Sea and the South China Sea. We suggest that this spatial discrepancy of EAWM can be interpreted as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like controlling, which generates cyclonic/anticyclonic wind anomalies in the northern/southern East Asian marginal sea. This research explains much of the controversy in nonorbital scale variability of Quaternary EAWM records in the East Asian marginal sea and supports a potent role of tropical forcing in East Asian winter climate change.
description: Clay mineral and terrigenous mass accumulation rate as a proxy for East Asian winter monsoon in northern East Asian marginal sea. 
Provided Keywords: East Asian winter monsoon, paleoclimate reconstruction, East China Sea, IODP, Site U1429
DOI: 10.25921/jqat-5r30
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Avery Lake, Illinois 3,100 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data

description: Floodplain development, land-use, and flooding on the lower Ohio River are investigated with a 3100-year-long sediment archive from Avery Lake, a swale lake on the Black Bottom floodplain in southern Illinois, US. In all, 12 radiocarbon dates show that Avery Lake formed at 1130 BCE (3100 cal. yr BP), almost 3000 years later than previously thought, indicating that the Black Bottom floodplain is younger and more dynamic than previously estimated. Three subsequent periods of extensive land clearance were identified by changes in pollen composition, corresponding to Native American occupations before 1500 CE and the current Euro-American occupation beginning in the 18th century. Sedimentation rates prior to 1820 CE changed independently of land clearance events, suggesting natural as opposed to land-use controls. Comparison with high-resolution paleoclimate data from Martin Lake, IN, indicates that lower Ohio River flooding was frequent when cold-season precipitation originating from the Pacific/Arctic predominated when atmospheric circulation resembled positive Pacific North American (PNA) conditions and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) was in a positive mean state (1130 BCE to 350 CE and 1150-1820 CE). Conversely, Ohio River flooding was less frequent when warm-season precipitation from the Gulf of Mexico prevailed during negative PDO- and PNA-like mean states (350 and 1150 CE). This flood dynamic appears to have been fundamentally altered after 1820 CE. We suggest that extensive land clearance in the Ohio River watershed increased runoff and landscape erosion by reducing interception, infiltration, and evapotranspiration, thereby increasing flooding despite a shift to negative PDO- and PNA-like mean states. Predicted increases in average precipitation and extreme rainfall events across the mid-continental US are likely to perpetuate current trends toward more frequent flood events, because anthropogenic modifications have made the landscape less resilient to changing hydroclimatic conditions.
description: 3,100 year multiproxy sediment record of floodplain development, land-use, and climate flood relationships on the lower Ohio River from Avery Lake, Illinois
DOI: 10.25921/jbkk-ms35
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Hogholt - Morimondo - QURU - ITRDB ITAL053

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Climate response of two oak species in northern Italy in the last 60 years NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-08-22.
DOI: 10.25921/jwv1-pt69
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wise - Big Sheep Creek - PSME - ITRDB MT147

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Upper Missouri River Basin Streamflow project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/j82m-7p72
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Heyerdahl fire data from Pine Creek, Palouse northwestern United States - IMPD USPIN001

description: Records of past fire occurrence from tree rings, charcoal found in lake sediments, and other proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.  Additional information on the International Multiproxy Database (IMPD) data set procedures are also available.

description: This site was sampled as part of a project to reconstruct historical fire regimes on the eastern edge of the Palouse Prairie-forest ecotone in Idaho.

Ring-boundary fire scars were assigned to the preceding calendar year.
This site was sampled as part of a project to reconstruct historical fire regimes on the eastern edge of the Palouse Prairie-forest ecotone in Idaho.

Ring-boundary fire scars were assigned to the preceding calendar year.

Several metadata files are provided with the FHX file.   -999 in any file indicates no data.

https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/uspin001-pin-tree-info.csv provides information about the fire-scarred trees, e.g., species and location.

The samples at this site were collected by Max Nielsen-Pincus as part of his PhD research at the University of Idaho, but were not reported in his dissertation.

Sampled on private property

Several metadata files are provided with the FHX file.   -999 in any file indicates no data.

uspin001-pin-tree-info.csv provides information about the fire-scarred trees, e.g., species and location.

The samples at this site were collected by Max Nielsen-Pincus as part of his PhD research at the University of Idaho, but were not reported in his dissertation.
DOI: 10.25921/j8x0-c379
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmyra 860 Year Modern and Fossil Coral Oxygen Isotope Data

description: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shapes global climate patterns yet its sensitivity to external climate forcing remains uncertain. Modeling studies suggest that ENSO is sensitive to sulfate aerosol forcing associated with explosive volcanism but observational support for this effect remains ambiguous. Here, we used absolutely dated fossil corals from the central tropical Pacific to gauge ENSO's response to large volcanic eruptions of the last millennium. Superposed epoch analysis reveals a weak tendency for an El Nino-like response in the year after an eruption, but this response is not statistically significant, nor does it appear after the outsized 1257 Samalas eruption. Our results suggest that those models showing a strong ENSO response to volcanic forcing may overestimate the size of the forced response relative to natural ENSO variability.
description: Monthly-resolved coral aragonite oxygen isotope (d18O) record from Palmyra Island. The coral was drilled in ~30' of water from the reef flat extending off the west side of the island. The data used in the study are annually averaged (July-June) composites of the monthly d18O spanning the period 1146-1998.
DOI: 10.25921/j5rd-jd61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gutiérrez - Kessi, Inari - PISY - ITRDB FINL076

description: Aim

The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio-temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming.
Location

Europe and North Africa (30-70 N, 10 W-35 E).
Time period

1901-2003.
Major taxa studied

Temperate and Euro-Siberian trees.
Methods

We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and carbon isotope fractionation over the 20th century using a European network consisting of 20 site chronologies. Using indexed tree-ring widths (TRWi), we assess shifts in the temporal coherence of radial growth across sites (synchrony) for five forest ecosystems (Atlantic, boreal, cold continental, Mediterranean and temperate). We also examine whether TRWi shows variable coupling with leaf-level gas exchange, inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination of tree-ring cellulose (Delta13Ci).

Results

We find spatial autocorrelation for TRWi and Delta13Ci extending over a maximum of 1,000 km among forest stands. However, growth synchrony is not uniform across Europe, but increases along a latitudinal gradient concurrent with decreasing temperature and evapotranspiration. Latitudinal relationships between TRWi and Delta13Ci (changing from negative to positive southwards) point to drought impairing carbon uptake via stomatal regulation for water saving occurring at forests below 60 N in continental Europe. An increase in forest growth synchrony over the 20th century together with increasingly positive relationships between TRWi and Delta13Ci indicate intensifying impacts of drought on tree performance. These effects are noticeable in drought-prone biomes (Mediterranean, temperate and cold continental).
Main conclusions

At the turn of this century, convergence in growth synchrony across European forest ecosystems is coupled with coordinated warming-induced effects of drought on leaf physiology and tree growth spreading northwards. Such a tendency towards exacerbated moisture-sensitive growth and physiology could override positive effects of enhanced leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations, possibly resulting in Europe‐wide declines of forest carbon gain in the coming decades.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/jhap-mj43
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - Kickapoo State Park - ACSH - ITRDB IL031

description: While forest communities are changing as a result of global environmental change, the impacts of tree species shifts on ecosystem services such as carbon storage are poorly quantified. In many parts of the eastern United States (US), more xeric-adapted oak-hickory dominated stands are being replaced with mesic beech-maple assemblages. To examine the possible impacts of this ongoing change in forest composition, we investigated how two wide-ranging and co-occurring eastern US species - Acer saccharum (sugar maple) and Quercus alba (white oak) - respond to interannual climate variability. Using 781 tree cores from 418 individual trees at 18 locations, we found late-growing season drought reduced A. saccharum growth more than that of Q. alba. A gradient in the growth reduction across latitude was also found in A. saccharum, where southern populations of A. saccharum experienced greater reductions in growth during drought. Drought had a legacy effect on growth for both species, with drought occurring later in the growing season having a larger legacy effect. Consequently, as forests shift from oak to maple dominance, drought in the later part of the growing season is likely to become an increasingly important control on forest productivity. Thus, our findings suggest that co-occurring species are responding to environmental conditions during different times in the growing season and, therefore, the timing of drought conditions will play an important role in forest productivity and carbon sequestration as forest species composition changes. These findings are particularly important because the projected increases in potential evapotranspiration, combined with possible changes in the seasonality of precipitation could have a substantial impact on how tree growth responds to future climatic change.
description: Sugar Maple and White Oak comparisons 1901-2016 (analyses period) NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/jth5-7n81
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - Donaldson Woods - CYOV - ITRDB IN030

description: Our understanding of the natural variability of hydroclimate before the instrumental period (ca. 1900 CE in the United States) is largely dependent on tree-ring-based reconstructions. Large-scale soil moisture reconstructions from a network of tree-ring chronologies have greatly improved our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability in hydroclimate conditions, particularly extremes of both drought and pluvial (wet) events. However, certain regions within these large-scale network reconstructions in the US are modeled by few tree-ring chronologies. Further, many of the chronologies currently publicly available on the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) were collected in the 1980s and 1990s, and thus our understanding of the sensitivity of radial growth to soil moisture in the US is based on a period that experienced multiple extremely severe droughts and neglects the impacts of recent, rapid global change. In this study, we expanded the tree-ring network of the Ohio River valley in the US, a region with sparse coverage. We used a total of 72 chronologies across 15 species to examine how increasing the density of the tree-ring network influences the representation of reconstructing the Palmer Meteorological Drought Index (PMDI). Further, we tested how the sampling date and therefore the calibration period influenced the reconstruction models by creating reconstructions that ended in the year 1980 and compared them to reconstructions ending in 2010 from the same chronologies. We found that increasing the density of the tree-ring network resulted in reconstructed values that better matched the spatial variability of instrumentally recorded droughts and, to a lesser extent, pluvials. By extending the calibration period to 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to PMDI decreased in the southern portion of our region where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades. We emphasize the need of building a high-density tree-ring network to better represent the spatial variability of past droughts and pluvials. Further, chronologies on the ITRDB need updating regularly to better understand how the sensitivity of tree rings to climate may vary through time.
description: Density of tree-ring network influence on drought reconstruction NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/jvvj-7k55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Hughes - Redwood Mountain - SEGI - ITRDB CA710

description: The first dendroclimatic reconstruction of May 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) was developed from a Sequoiadendron giganteum regional tree-ring chronology network of 23 sites in central California for the period 90-2012 CE. The reconstruction is based on a significant relationship between May 1 SWE and tree-ring growth and shows climate variability from interannual to intercentennial time scales. A regression-based reconstruction equation explains up to 55% of the variance of SWE for 1940-2012. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1940-2012). Thresholds for May 1 SWE low (15 percentile) and high (80 percentile) years were selected based on the exploratory scatterplots relationship between observed and reconstructed data for the period 1940-2012. The longest period of consecutive low-SWE years in the reconstruction is 2 years and the frequency of the lowest SWE years is highest during the period 710-809 CE. The longest high-SWE period, defined by consecutive wet years, is 3 years (558-560 CE). SWE and its reconstruction positively correlate with northeastern Pacific sea surface temperatures, the low-frequency variability of which may provide some predictive ability. Ultimately, the instrumental record and reconstruction suggest that unlike other sites in the region, twentieth century SWE variability in these Sequoia groves has remained within historical boundaries and relatively buffered from extremes and severe declines, though this is likely to change in coming decades with potentially negative effects on water availability for these trees.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22.
DOI: 10.25921/jpe8-yf31
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Thapa - Kunikhop - PIWA - ITRDB NEPA059

description: Pine forests provide goods and services crucial to more than ten million people living in the middle-mountains (600-4000m) of Nepal. These critically important forests are already often overexploited and could be at risk from future climate change. In order to investigate the combined effects of climate and human disturbances on the growth of pine forests, we established a new network of tree-ring sites in six Pinus wallichiana and four P. roxburghii forests across the dry inner valleys of eastern Nepal's Koshi River watershed. We produced measurements of total annual ring widths, and detrended individual tree-ring series with 67% cubic splines to produce site-level chronologies. The Koshi tree-ring chronologies were compared against local records of mean monthly temperature and total monthly rainfall to identify the main climatic factor(s) limiting pine growth. We also employed a relative growth change method to estimate growth releases and suppressions in ring-width series as indicators of disturbances. At all sites, trees are relatively young (median age was 102 years) and variations in ring-width provide estimates of tree growth over only the past century. Ring-width chronologies from the Koshi have a weak common signal strength in comparison to trees from the same species obtained from sites in the central Himalaya, and the climate-growth response of Koshi pines appears to be governed primarily by moisture balance during winter. Disturbance events evident in pine ring-width data are largely asynchronous, which suggests these forest have been historically perturbed by human influences rather than large-scale climatic or ecological influences. The sacred forest at Sikri contained the oldest living trees (118 years), had the lowest number of disturbance events, and preserved a stronger common signal, which provided additional evidence of the effects of humans on other pine forests in the Koshi basin. Based on our findings, we suggest that modeling the future growth and distribution of pine trees in eastern Nepal should consider winter moisture. Furthermore, management strategies to better conserve pine forests in eastern Nepal should incorporate the two competing influences of climate and human activities on tree growth.
description: Koshi River basin, Nepal NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-11-18.
DOI: 10.25921/ja5m-df31
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tumajer - Zaluzi - QURO - ITRDB CZEC033

description: Increasing temperatures and recent changes in runoff regimes observed in Central Europe might alter the growth and relative water uptake of floodplain trees. To predict responses of floodplain forests to climate change, it is necessary to determine the climatic controls over tree growth and vessel anatomy. We analysed the responses of tree-ring width and earlywood vessel anatomical parameters (average vessel lumen area, vessel density and total vessel lumen area) of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) growing in a floodplain to hydroclimatic conditions represented by temperature, the drought index (scPDSI), river discharge, groundwater level, and occurrence of floods and drought events. Site chronologies were assembled for floodplain and reference sites and, subsequently, correlated with time series of hydroclimatic conditions. Our results show that radial growth of floodplain trees is particularly positively influenced by temperature during the growing season and during previous year's summer. By contrast, the growth of reference trees is highly drought-limited. Earlywood average vessel lumen area chronologies from both floodplain and reference sites share a positive temperature signal from January to April. However, the effect of water availability (indicated by the drought index) on vessel size is mostly negative for floodplain trees (with a maximum response to the autumn of the year preceding tree-ring formation) and positive or non-significant for reference trees. Vessel density chronologies contain the inverse environmental information as tree-ring width, however, with amplified negative correlations with current year temperatures at floodplain sites. Total vessel area is associated mostly with temperature in previous May and June. The drought index recorded exactly the same information in tree-rings as did river discharges and groundwater levels. The results of both correlation and trend analysis evidence that tree-ring width of floodplain Q. robur unambiguously increases with increasing temperature; on the other hand, droughts can become a serious problem affecting the productivity of reference trees growing in more distal parts of the lowland. Vessel size of Q. robur growing outside the floodplain recently tends to increase with increasing temperatures, making xylem more effective at water transport but also more vulnerable to cavitation.
description: The data represent raw tree-ring width series. One core was extracted from each tree (Quercus robur). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/j3g0-4535
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Eastern Amazon 258 Year Precipitation Reconstruction

description: Instrumental observations indicate that Amazon precipitation and streamflow extremes have increased during the last 40 years, possibly due to anthropogenic changes and natural variability. How unprecedented these changes might be is difficult to determine because some paleoclimatic, instrumental, and climate model simulations suggest that Amazonian precipitation and streamflow may be subject to multidecadal variability with return intervals longer than most direct observations. A new 258-year long tree-ring chronology of Cedrela odorata has been developed in the eastern Amazon and has been used to reconstruct wet season precipitation totals from 1759-2016. Reconstructed drought extremes are associated with significant sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Strong multidecadal variance is identified in the reconstruction that may reflect a component of natural rainfall variability relevant to forest ecosystem dynamics and suggesting that recent hydroclimate changes over the eastern Amazon may not be unprecedented over the past 258 years.
description: Tree-ring based reconstruction of precipitation in the eastern Amazon for the past 258 years