DOI: 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-1366
title: Sanering, udflytning og nybyggeri, 1976
title: Slum Clearance, Rehousing and Redevelopment, 1976

description: I 1968 gennemførte Socialforskningsinstituttet en undersøgelse af saneringskvarterer i København. Denne undersøgelse af såkaldt slum på Nørrebro og Vesterbro belyste boligforholdene, beboernes socio-økonomiske forhold, deres flytteønsker samt forholdene for en mindre gruppe udflyttere. Den udgjorde en del af grundlaget for den i 1970-erne gældende saneringslov, som blev vedtaget i 1969.     #  Loven resulterede i en stærkt øget saneringsaktivitet, hvilket gjorde det ønskeligt at belyse de sociale konsekvenser ved større sanerings- og genhusningsprojekter. Siden efteråret 1972 havde Socialforskningsinstituttet derfor, efter tilskyndelse fra Almennyttigt Saneringsselskab og finansieret med tilskud fra boligministeriet (i henhold til saneringslovens õ 48), gennemført en undersøgelsesrække vedrørende sanerings- og byfornyelsesproblemer.     #  Formålet, som har været styrende for undersøgelsesrækken, har været at:     #     #a) Belyse beboernes holdninger til de forskellige sanerings-,     #   moderniserings- og byfornyelsesindgreb, herunder beboernes     #   holdninger til totalsaneringer og differentierede saneringer     #   og deres ønsker om indflydelse på sanerings- og     #   moderniseringsindgreb. Tanken var bl.a. at undersøge arten og     #   omfanget af en saneringspolitik, som beboerne kunne ønske.     #     #b) Belyse, hvordan saneringsloven og saneringens administration     #   virker for de berørte beboere, herunder virkningen af det     #   offentliges økonomiske tilskud til huslejen og     #   erstatningslejlighederne, endvidere myndighedernes information     #   af beboerne i saneringssager. Det søges belyst, hvordan     #   beboerne i ejendomme, som skal saneres, oplever     #   saneringsprocessen fra de første informationer om saneringen     #   til fraflytningstidspunktet.     #     #c) Belyse, hvordan udflyttere og udsanerede fra et     #   saneringskvarter klarer sig. Sanering og genhusning er så     #   omfattende indgreb i menneskers tilværelse, at det - ikke     #   mindst grundet det voksende antal udsanerede - er naturligt at     #   undersøge beboernes forhold under hele saneringsprocessen samt     #   de boligmæssige, økonomiske og sociale konsekvenser ved     #   flytningen.     #     #d) Belyse den udskiftning af beboere i et byfornyelsesområde,     #   der finder sted som følge af omfattende nedrivninger af     #   saneringsmodne boliger med efterfølgende opførelse af     #   nybyggeri. De sociale, økonomiske og boligmæssige forhold for     #   dem, der fraflytter byfornyelsesområdet, for dem, der forbliver     #   i de ældre bevarede ejendomme, og for dem, der flytter ind i     #   nybyggeriet, søges belyst.     #     #I den samlede undersøgelsesrække, som afsluttes med denne undersøgelse, har der været anvendt flere forskellige metoder til indsamling af data: gentagne interviews med spørgeskemaer, intensive interviews med båndoptager, deltagerobservation samt indsamling af forskellige typer af statistisk og dokumentarisk materiale. Det arkiverede datamateriale for denne undersøgelse baseres alene på spørgeskemainterviews foretaget omkring årsskiftet 1976-77.     #  Undersøgelsens genstand er byfornyelsesprocessen i Den sorte Firkant på Nørrebro i København, et boligområde, som i 1977 havde ca. 10.000 indbyggere tilbage. Der blev interviewet ca. 600 personer til undersøgelsen. De interviewede kan inddeles i tre hovedgrupper, som har fået følgende betegnelser:     #     #  Tilflyttere. Det er personer, som er flyttet ind i det nybyggeri, som er opført efter gennemførte saneringer.     #  Fraflyttere. Det er personer, som er flyttet fra fem karreer, som er sanerede siden 1973-74, da de samme personer blev interviewet til den første undersøgelse i undersøgelsesrækken (DDA-1372: Saneringsundersøgelsen, 1973).     #  Forhusbeboere. Det er personer, som er blevet boende i de karreer, som er sanerede siden 1973-74, hvor de også blev interviewet til ovennævnte undersøgelse.     #     #Mens tilflytterne således kun er interviewet een gang, er fraflytterne og forhusbeboerne interviewet to gange. Der er med andre ord tale om en del af en forløbsundersøgelse, hvor en gruppe beboere følges over tid. Den samlede svarprocent var 85, idet der blev opnået 597 ud af 701 mulige interviews
description: In 1968 the Danish National Institute of Social Research carried out a survey of slum clearance areas in Copenhagen. This survey of so-called slum areas in Nørrebro and Vesterbro examined the housing conditions, the tenants' socio-economic status, their wishes to move, and the conditions of a small group of people who had moved away from the area. The survey formed part of the basis of the Slum Clearance Act which was passed in 1969 and which was in force during the 1970s.     #  The Act resulted in highly increased slum clearance activities, which made it desirable to examine the social consequences of large slum clearance and rehousing projects. Thus, since the autumn of 1972, the Danish National Institute of Social Research had, at the instigation of the Non-Profit Redevelopment Company (Almennyttigt Saneringsselskab) and financed by the Ministry of Housing (according to Section 48 of the Slum Clearance Act), carried out a number of surveys dealing with problems which arise in connection with slum clearance and town renewal.     #  The clearly defined object, which governed the series of surveys, was:     #     #a) To examine the tenants' attitudes to various slum clearance,     #   modernization and redevelopment measures, including     #   attitudes to total clearances and differential clearances, and     #   the tenants' wishes regarding gaining influence on clearance     #   and modernization plans. The idea was to examine the     #   nature and extent of a slum clearance policy which would     #   appeal to the tenants.     #     #b) To examine the effects of slum clearance legislation and slum     #   clearance administration on the tenants involved, including     #   the effect of public subsidies to rent and replacement     #   flats. Furthermore, to examine the information supplied to     #   tenants by public authorities in clearance matters. The aim     #   was to examine how occupants of flats in buildings to be     #   cleared experience the clearance process from the time when     #   initial information about the clearance was received and up to     #   the time when they move out of the buildings.     #     #c) To examine the living conditions of people who have moved away     #   or have been displaced from a slum clearance area. Slum     #   clearance and rehousing are such great interferences with     #   people's lives that it is relevant - not least on account of     #   the increased number of people who are displaced from slum     #   areas - to examine the conditions of the tenants during the     #   entire slum clearance process as well as the consequences     #   of moving, from a housing, financial and social point of     #   view.     #     #d) To examine the 'replacement' of tenants in a redevelopment     #   area which takes place as a consequence of large-scale     #   slum clearances and the subsequent building of new houses.     #   The social, financial and housing conditions of those who     #   move away from the redevelopment area, of those who stay in     #   the old houses which are preserved, and of those who move into     #   the new houses are examined.     #     #In the complete series of surveys, which is completed with this survey, various methods of data collection have been used: replication of interviews on the basis of questionnaires, intensive tape-recorded interviews, observation by participants as well as the collecting of various types of statistical and documentary material. The data material for this survey is based solely on questionnaire interviews carried out about the turn of the year 1976-1977.     #  The survey examines the slum clearance process in the so-called 'Black Square' in Nørrebro in Copenhagen, a residential quarter which had about 10,000 residents left in 1977. Approximately 600 persons were interviewed for the survey. The respondents may be divided into the following three main groups:     #     #  New tenants. People who moved into the new houses which had been built after the slum clearances.     #  Outgoing tenants. People who moved from the five blocks which had been cleared since 1973-1974. The same persons were interviewed for the first survey in the series of surveys (DDA-1372: Slum Clearance, 1973).     #  Front building tenants. People who stayed in the blocks which had been cleared since 1973-1974. They were also interviewed for the above-mentioned survey.     #     #Thus, whereas the new tenants were only interviewed once, the outgoing tenants and the front building tenants were interviewed twice. In other words, the survey is a panel survey in which a group of tenants is followed through time. The total response percentage was 85 as 597 out of 701 possible interviews were carried out
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