cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2253-v1
title: "Efficient Global Minimization Methods for Sparsity and Regularity Promoting Optimization Problems in Imaging and Vision, 2014"

description: The main goals of “Efficient Global Minimization Methods for Sparsity and Regularity Promoting Optimization Problems in Imaging and Vision, 2014” are design and analysis of regularity/sparsity promoting energy minimization models in image processing, computer vision and compressed sensing, and design and analysis of efficient numerical methods that can produce global or nearly global solutions of the resulting optimization problems. Imaging and vision are some of the core emerging technologies that are shaping our society. This can partly be explained by progressively better physical sensing devices for acquiring image data. Another important reason is the development of image processing and computer vision software for restoring, analyzing, simplifying and interpreting the image information. Energy minimization has been established as one of the most important paradigms for formulating problems in image processing and computer vision in a mathematical language. The problems can elegantly be formulated as finding the minimal state of some energy potential, which typically encodes the underlying assumption that the image data is regular/sparse, i.e. values at different image pixels are correlated. More recently, it has been realized that the expensive acquisition process can be greatly improved by incorporating the same assumption in an energy minimization framework, a field known as compressed sensing. A major challenge is to solve the resulting optimization problems efficiently. The most desirable models are often the most difficult to handle from an optimization perspective. Continuous optimization problems may be non-convex and contain many inferior local minima. Discrete optimization problems may be NP-hard, which means an algorithm is unlikely to exist which can always compute an exact solution without an unreasonable amount of effort. Even though the underlying problems are NP-hard, computational methods will be constructed that produce global solutions for practical input data, and otherwise close approximations.

The data are presented in various articles.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2254-v1
title: The Adaptive Evolution of Arthropod and Vertebrate Aquaporins: Deciphering the Differential Basis of Water Homeostasis, 2015

description: The epizootic caused by the Atlantic salmon louse, a caligid ectoparasitic crustacean, is a severe threat to wild and domestic salmonids. Novel therapeutic approaches to dealing with this pest are needed. The project provides an combination of molecular genetics, evolution, and potential drug targeting of invertebrate aquaporin's.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2255-v1
title: Management Control in Emerging Network Organizations: Case of the Petroleum Supply Industry in the Barents Region, 2015

description: The overall purpose of this research was to study how management control practices develop in the context of emerging industrial networks. Throughout the project I have implemented four major studies: A theoretical study of relational control problems, namely interlink of trust and control in business relationships and networks; A longitudinal study of the role of calculative devices and problems of control in the network building process in Northern-Norway; A study of networking practices of the Norwegian oil majors Hydro and Statoil (and later Statoil Hydro) in cooperation with the local companies in North-West Russia; A study of network building practices in the Russian industry which first received assistance from Norway but then started to mobilize own experience in a way different form the Norwegian practice. This research was a postdoctoral project - a continuation of the work made during my PhD. In relation to the aforementioned studies, during the postdoc project I collected and analyzed both primary and secondary empirical data. The data was put in eight datasets: Network ties survey 2013-14, Interviews Spring 2013, Interviews 2012, Interviews Fall 2013, Interviews June 2014, Interviews Winter 2014, Secondary Data on Murmansk Region, and Secondary data Norwegian oil companies in Russia
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2255-v2
title: Management Control in Emerging Network Organizations: Case of the Petroleum Supply Industry in the Barents Region, 2015

description: The overall purpose of this research was to study how management control practices develop in the context of emerging industrial networks. Throughout the project I have implemented four major studies: A theoretical study of relational control problems, namely interlink of trust and control in business relationships and networks; A longitudinal study of the role of calculative devices and problems of control in the network building process in Northern-Norway; A study of networking practices of the Norwegian oil majors Hydro and Statoil (and later Statoil Hydro) in cooperation with the local companies in North-West Russia; A study of network building practices in the Russian industry which first received assistance from Norway but then started to mobilize own experience in a way different form the Norwegian practice. This research was a postdoctoral project - a continuation of the work made during my PhD. In relation to the aforementioned studies, during the postdoc project I collected and analyzed both primary and secondary empirical data. The data was put in eight datasets: Network ties survey 2013-14, Interviews Spring 2013, Interviews 2012, Interviews Fall 2013, Interviews June 2014, Interviews Winter 2014, Secondary Data on Murmansk Region, and Secondary data Norwegian oil companies in Russia
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2257-v1
title: University-Firm Linkages as Drivers of Innovation, 2011

description: The project "University-Firm Linkages as Drivers of Innovation, 2011" is based on the need for a more precise understanding of the role of research and innovation in firms and organizations, including how political and economic priorities and regulations impact actors and outcomes in the research and innovation system. Consequently the focus was on the interaction between universities and innovating firms. The vigor and dynamism of regional and national economies depend on the ability of firms to adapt to changing markets and technologies by continually introducing profitable products, services, production processes and business models. The outcome depends on the capabilities of firms to take up new knowledge and apply it effectively. This project focused on the contributions made by universities to those capabilities. The project first made in-depth studies of the ambitions and strategies of universities to enhance the innovation capabilities of firms and institutions to enable them to compete globally. Four Norwegian universities were studied in a Nordic and international comparative context. The aim was to develop concepts and categories to understand where in the innovation process, why and how linkages to research and universities are pertinent. IRIS recently carried out comprehensive surveys on how firms collaborate and innovate, with novel and sometimes paradoxical findings. The in-depth studies in this project were aimed at solving these paradoxes to offer robust recommendations to firms, universities and policy makers.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2258-v1
title: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Urban and Peri-Urban Horticulture in Bénin, 2015

description: Urban and peri-urban (UPU) horticulture provides an increasingly important source of income in many African countries. A major factor driving the importance of UPU gardening is an increasing marketing opportunity for a growing population of unemployed and unskilled youths in the cities. However, the potential of UPU gardening is severely undermined by a number of production constraints. Recent field diagnoses in southern Benin identified severe pest problems and revealed alarming pesticide practises in th e UPU areas. We estimate that many of the major pest problems are direct consequences of pesticide abuse that 1) destroys indigenous biodiversity required for natural/biological pest control, 2) causes pesticide resistance and pest resurgence and 3) poses personal and environmental hazards. The project aims to generate new knowledge through basic and applied research on emerging vegetable IPM problems, and to develop IPM options against key insect pests. Insecticide misuse due to ignorance of the health hazards/pollution problems will be targeted, and viable alternatives (biological control agents & bio-pesticides) will be developed with the farmers. Basic research on biology/ecology/population dynamics of pests and associated natural enemies to support the applied research will be a major activity. Primary beneficiaries are small-scale farmers in Benin, however pests targeted are of global economic and environmental importance. We believe that the strength of the proposed project is the way it combines n atural and social sciences. To ensure sustainable use of the interventions developed, we have taken into account that the nature of IPM technology is both a technical and a social process. Through participatory technology a joint farmer-researcher implementation agenda based on agreed farmer concerns will lead to credible farmer experimentation to validate plant production and plant protection technologies.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2259-v1
title: Living Conditions of Inmates in Norwegian Prisons 2014

description: Statistics Norway conducted a survey on living conditions among inmates in Norwegian prisons in the autumn of 2014. Statistics Norway also conducted a similar survey in 2003. The purpose of the survey is to map living conditions before and during incarceration for inmates and their thoughts about the future. The sample of 520 people was randomly selected among inmates over age 18 who are not in custody or had deportation orders. Of the drawn sample 11 percent turned out not to meet the selection criteria (departure), and the gross sample then became 463 people. Interviews were conducted by interviewers that visited prisons and interviewed inmates. Interviews we obtained with 57 percent of the total sample. The main reason for withdrawal was that the inmates who were selected did not want to participate. This group accounted for 21 percent of the total sample. In addition, we did not make contact with 15 percent of the sample. In this report, we document distortions as a result of this drop-out rate, and the weights are designed to adjust for it.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7467229
title: Compact metasurface-based optical pulse-shaping device

description: Dataset of the publication “Compact metasurface-based optical pulse-shaping device“ by René Geromel, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Shiwei Lei, Tim Bartley, Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. The provided data includes all the measured SHG-FROG traces at all compressor positions (SCMP) that are provided in the publication. The columns correspond to the time delay and the rows to the wavelengths. More information regarding the specific measurements can be found in the beginning of each file. A reference file containing the detected/resolved wavelength points from the used spectrometer is included in “wavelength_reference”. Besides this, the phase information of the different MS2 designs along the x-axis in steps of 300 nm (periodicity of the unit cell) is documented. The plotted data from Fig. 4 and 5 of the paper can be found in the “dispersion_data” and “double_pulse_temporal_data” file.
description: The authors acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – TRR142 – No. 231447078 – project B09/C07.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7467230
title: Compact metasurface-based optical pulse-shaping device

description: Dataset of the publication “Compact metasurface-based optical pulse-shaping device“ by René Geromel, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Shiwei Lei, Tim Bartley, Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. The provided data includes all the measured SHG-FROG traces at all compressor positions (SCMP) that are provided in the publication. The columns correspond to the time delay and the rows to the wavelengths. More information regarding the specific measurements can be found in the beginning of each file. A reference file containing the detected/resolved wavelength points from the used spectrometer is included in “wavelength_reference”. Besides this, the phase information of the different MS2 designs along the x-axis in steps of 300 nm (periodicity of the unit cell) is documented. The plotted data from Fig. 4 and 5 of the paper can be found in the “dispersion_data” and “double_pulse_temporal_data” file.
description: The authors acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – TRR142 – No. 231447078 – project B09/C07.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2260-v1
title: Reconstruction of Past Ecosystems by Barcoding DNA Preserved in Permafrost, 2014

description: Recent advances in ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing technology and in species identification (barcoding) tools based on ancient DNA preserved in permafrost soils are opening up a novel research avenue for paleoecological reconstruction. In this project, we developed new DNA barcoding markers for several groups of organisms (bryophytes, fungi, insects, springtails, vertebrates) that are short enough to amplify from degraded DNA. These markers were sequenced in modern DNA to construct taxonomic reference databases for ecologically important arctic species, and thereafter used for species identification by pyrosequencing environmental DNA from dated permafrost cores (available through our EU-project ECOCHANGE). The new data obtained for these organisms, along with complementary data for vascular plants, was merged with vascular plant data available from ECOCHANGE and used for reconstructions of past ecosystems. The overall resolution level possible to obtain by this novel approach is not yet known, but the preliminary results from ECOCHANGE suggest that the reconstructions will be considerably improved compared to traditional fossil analyses. The results can therefore have immediate bearing on various central ecological issues, such as past species turnover dynamics in assemblages, niche stability in time and space, and backward testing of predictive species distribution models. The project team consisted of two postdocs funded by the Research Council and one PhD student funded by the Natural History Museum in Oslo, in addition to national and international leading experts on ancient DNA, DNA barcoding, bioinformatics, and various taxonomic groups. The group will be closely linked to the international ECOCHANGE team to ensure immediate access to new developments in pyrosequencing and bioinformatics tools.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2261-1-v1
title: "Diversity Dynamics in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Effect of Phylogenetic Uncertainty on Diversification Rate Shift Estimates, 2014"

description: This data set is a part of the project "From host plants to host ants: Evolution of phyto-predation in butterflies, 2014". The species rich butterfly family Nymphalidae has been used to study evolutionary interactions between plants and insects. Theories of insect-hostplant dynamics predict accelerated diversification due to key innovations. In evolutionary biology, analysis of maximum credibility trees in the software MEDUSA (modelling evolutionary diversity using stepwise AIC) is a popular method for estimation of shifts in diversification rates. In this project phylogenetic uncertainty was investigated, and if different results can be produced by extending the method across a random sample of trees from the posterior distribution of a Bayesian run. Using the MultiMEDUSA approach, the results indicate that phylogenetic uncertainty greatly affects diversification rate estimates. Different trees produced diversification rates ranging from high values to almost zero for the same clade, and both significant rate increase and decrease in some clades. Only four out of 18 significant shifts found on the maximum clade credibility tree were consistent across most of the sampled trees. Among these, accelerated diversification was found for Ithomiini butterflies. Binary speciation and extinction model (BiSSE) were used and showed that a hostplant shift to Solanaceae is correlated with increased net diversification rates in Ithomiini, congruent with the diffuse cospeciation hypothesis. The results show that taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account when estimating net diversification rate shifts is of great importance, as very different results can be obtained when using the maximum clade credibility tree and other trees from the posterior distribution. Data are freely available for downloading (follow the link under related materials).
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2261-1-v2
title: Diversity Dynamics in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Effect of Phylogenetic Uncertainty on Diversification Rate Shift Estimates, 2014

description: This data set is a part of the project "From host plants to host ants: Evolution of phyto-predation in butterflies, 2014". The species rich butterfly family Nymphalidae has been used to study evolutionary interactions between plants and insects. Theories of insect-hostplant dynamics predict accelerated diversification due to key innovations. In evolutionary biology, analysis of maximum credibility trees in the software MEDUSA (modelling evolutionary diversity using stepwise AIC) is a popular method for estimation of shifts in diversification rates. In this project phylogenetic uncertainty was investigated, and if different results can be produced by extending the method across a random sample of trees from the posterior distribution of a Bayesian run. Using the MultiMEDUSA approach, the results indicate that phylogenetic uncertainty greatly affects diversification rate estimates. Different trees produced diversification rates ranging from high values to almost zero for the same clade, and both significant rate increase and decrease in some clades. Only four out of 18 significant shifts found on the maximum clade credibility tree were consistent across most of the sampled trees. Among these, accelerated diversification was found for Ithomiini butterflies. Binary speciation and extinction model (BiSSE) were used and showed that a hostplant shift to Solanaceae is correlated with increased net diversification rates in Ithomiini, congruent with the diffuse cospeciation hypothesis. The results show that taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account when estimating net diversification rate shifts is of great importance, as very different results can be obtained when using the maximum clade credibility tree and other trees from the posterior distribution. Data are freely available for downloading (follow the link under related materials).
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2261-2-v1
title: Ancient Neotropical Origin and Recent Recolonisation: Phylogeny, Biogeography and Diversification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), 2012

description: This dataset is a part of the project "From host plants to host ants: Evolution of phyto-predation in butterflies, 2014". This project presents the first dated higher-level phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the butterfly family Riodinidae. This family is distributed worldwide, but more than 90% of the c. 1500 species are found in the Neotropics, while the c. 120 Old World species are concentrated in the Southeast Asian tropics, with minor Afrotropical and Australasian tropical radiations, and few temperate species. Morphologically based higher classification is partly unresolved, with genera incompletely assigned to tribes. Using 3666 bp from one mitochondrial and four nuclear markers for each of 23 outgroups and 178 riodinid taxa representing all subfamilies, tribes and subtribes, and 98 out of 145 described genera of riodinids, it is estimated that Riodinidae split from Lycaenidae about 96 Mya in the mid-Cretaceous and started to diversify about 81 Mya. The Riodinidae are monophyletic and originated in the Neotropics, most likely in lowland proto-Amazonia. Neither the subfamily Euselasiinae nor the Nemeobiinae are monophyletic as currently constituted. The enigmatic, monotypic Neotropical genera Styx and Corrachia (most recently treated in Euselasiinae: Corrachiini) are highly supported as derived taxa in the Old World Nemeobiinae, with dispersal most likely occurring across the Beringia land bridge during the Oligocene. Styx and Corrachia, together with all other nemeobiines, are the only exclusively Primulaceae-feeding riodinids. The steadily increasing proliferation of the Neotropical Riodininae subfamily contrasts with the decrease in diversification in the Old World, and may provide insights into factors influencing the diversification rate of this relatively ancient clade of Neotropical insects.  Data are freely available for downloading (follow the link under related material).
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2261-3-v1
title: Phylogeny of the Aphnaeinae: Myrmecophilous African Butterflies with Carnivorous and Herbivorous Life Histories, 2015

description: This data set is a part of the project "From host plants to host ants: Evolution of phyto-predation in butterflies, 2014". The Aphnaeinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are a largely African subfamily of 278 described species that exhibit extraordinary life-history variation. The larvae of these butterflies typically form mutualistic associations with ants, and feed on a wide variety of plants, including 23 families in 19 orders. However, at least one species in each of 9 of the 17 genera is aphytophagous, parasitically feeding on the eggs, brood or regurgitations of ants. This diversity in diet and type of symbiotic association makes the phylogenetic relations of the Aphnaeinae of particular interest. A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aphnaeinae was inferred from 4.4 kb covering the mitochondrial marker COI and five nuclear markers (wg, H3, CAD, GAPDH and EF1??) for each of 79 ingroup taxa representing 15 of the 17 currently recognized genera, as well as three outgroup taxa. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses all support Heath's systematic revision of the clade based on morphological characters. Ancestral range inference suggests an African origin for the subfamily with a single dispersal into Asia. The common ancestor of the aphnaeines likely associated with myrmicine ants in the genus Crematogaster and plants of the order Fabales. Data are freely available for downloading (follow the link under "related material").