cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17026/ss/qzucwy
title: Interview with Gwen Tauber, on her career as a paintings restorer, Amsterdam, 16 January 2025

description: As a part of the course Oral History, Gwen Tauber, who recently retired from her career as senior paintings restorer at the Rijksmuseum, was interviewed about the course of her career and her views on the role of the restorer.
description: Interview conducted in the context of the course Oral History and Artwork Life Stories at the University of Amsterdam, an elective as part of the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage programme.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18553379
title: Mapping Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Annotated MRI Dataset Profiling Tumor and Carotid Characteristics

description: This open dataset comprises high-resolution T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI scans from 136 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, annotated for tumor segmentation and bilateral intracranial carotid arteries. Co-registered T2-weighted images are provided where available. Accompanying clinical, radiological, pathological and basic radiomic metadata are included. Data are pre-processed and provided in NIfTI format with segmentation masks for automated analysis and validation of radiomic workflows.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.udqn53
title: Significant Influence of Lateral Carbon Fluxes on Regional U.S. Carbon Budgets

description: Observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are expected to play a critical role in monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) designed to track progress toward the reduction goals of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we construct a comprehensive regional carbon budget for seven National Climate Assessment regions of the contiguous United States (CONUS) over 2015-2020. We demonstrate that lateral carbon movement across regions, along with their resulting endpoint CO2 emissions, represent a major contributor to the interpretation of regional net surface-atmosphere fluxes of CO2. When accounting for lateral carbon fluxes, “top-down” flux estimates from v10 Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) Modeling Intercomparison Project (MIP) agree, within uncertainty, with inventory-based carbon stock change estimates in six out of seven National Climate Assessment regions - except for the Southwest. The total net carbon exchange from the top down is 925±339 teragrams carbon per year (TgC/year), consistent with the 974 TgC/year estimate from the inventory. Notably, lateral carbon flows in the form of harvested wood products and riverine carbon burial are responsible for an estimated 16% of the total carbon stock changes occurring across CONUS. Averaged over the seven regions, accounting for lateral transport and their endpoint carbon emissions improving the consistency between inventory and top-down estimates by 31%. Our study presents a roadmap for reconciling the inventories and top-down atmospheric inversions at sub-national scale that highlights the importance of accurate representation of lateral carbon flows for using top-down estimates with national inventories.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.cckysa
title: Protoplanetary disk cavities with JWST-MIRI: a dichotomy in molecular emission

description: The evolution of planet-forming regions in protoplanetary disks is of fundamental importance to understanding planet formation. Disks with a central deficit in dust emission, a “cavity”, have long attracted interest as potential evidence for advanced disk clearing by protoplanets and/or winds. Before JWST, infrared spectra showed that these disks typically lack the strong molecular emission observed in full disks. In this work, we combine a sample of 12 disks with millimeter cavities of a range of sizes (∼ 2–70 au) and different levels of millimeter and infrared continuum deficits. We analyze their molecular spectra as observed with MIRI on JWST, homogeneously reduced with the new JDISCS pipeline. This analysis demonstrates a stark dichotomy in molecular emission where “molecule-rich” (MR) cavities follow global trends between water, CO, and OH luminosity and accretion luminosity as in full disks, while “molecule-poor” (MP) cavities are significantly sub-luminous in all molecules except sometimes OH. Disk cavities generally show sub-luminous organic emission, higher OH/H2O ratios, and suggest a lower water column density. The sub-thermal excitation of CO and water vibrational lines suggests a decreased gas density in the emitting layer in all cavities, supporting model expectations for C2H2 photodissociation. We discover a bifurcation in infrared index (lower in MR cavities) suggesting that the molecular dichotomy is linked to residual μm-size dust within millimeter disk cavities. Put together, these results suggest a feedback process between dust depletion, gas density decrease, and molecule dissociation. Disk cavities may have a common evolutionary sequence where MR switch into MP over time.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.qbwvpn
title: Titan’s Strong Tidal Dissipation Precludes a Subsurface Ocean

description: The Cassini mission provided unprecedented insights into Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, from its atmosphere to the deep interior [1]. The moon’s large measured response to the tides exerted by Saturn was interpreted as evidence of the existence of a subsurface ocean [2, 3]. This response, twice the value predicted in pre-Cassini studies, has escaped complete explanation. Here we report the detection of the signature of tidal dissipation in Titan’s gravity field enabled by a reanalysis of the the radiometric data acquired by Cassini with improved techniques. We found that substantial energy is being dissipated in the interior (∼ 3-4 TW, corresponding to a tidal quality factor Q ∼ 5), consistent with recent studies of Titan’s rotational state [4]. A model in which dissipation is concentrated in a high-pressure ice layer close to its melting point robustly explains Titan’s observed large tidal response, dissipation and rotational state in a self-consistent manner, reconciling all available geophysical measurements. Because the presence of a liquid layer reduces the tidal dissipation generated below it [5], these new measurements are not consistent with the presence of a subsurface ocean on Titan. Efficient ice shell convection can prevent widespread melting and ocean formation, but a slushy high-pressure ice layer is consistent with expectations [6], indicating that it likely hosts liquid water pockets. The forthcoming Dragonfly mission to Titan will provide a further test of whether a subsurface ocean exists.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18553500
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Georg Heinrich Mettenius, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70825. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70825
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.uhvyml
title: The Growing Threat of Extreme Drought-Heat to the Amazon Carbon Sink

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ljsqg7
title: Fluctuations of wind strength and momentary direction recorded by supercritical climbing wind ripple strata, Gale crater, Mars

description: Direct evidence of microscale atmospheric dynamics is rarely preserved in the geological record, yet those few examples provide valuable insight to how fundamental atmospheric and sediment transport processes operate. Climbing wind ripple strata (specifically termed supercritical climbing translatent strata) were identified for the first time on Mars by the Curiosity rover within a sequence of aeolian sandstones in Gale crater. These sedimentary structures uniquely record the momentary palaeowind direction and are directly attributable to an event lasting a few minutes. Here, interstratified packages of climbing and planar wind ripple strata are described and are interpreted to result from fluctuating wind speed that varied sediment transport rates, combined with flow separation and expansion associated with a leeward slope. These conditions caused the rapid deposition of sediment onto migrating wind ripples, resulting supercritical angles of climb, recording a gusting wind that originated from the south that lasted a matter of minutes.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.1gxcek
title: Implementing Riverine Biogeochemical Inputs in ECCO-Darwin: A Sensitivity Analysis of Terrestrial Fluxes in a Data-Assimilative Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Model

description: Terrestrial sources of carbon and nutrients drive biogeochemical cycles in coastal regions and in the global ocean. Quantifying their impact on the spatiotemporal variability of the ocean carbon cycle is pivotal to understanding the distinctive characteristics of ocean basins dominated by riverine inflow. ECCO-Darwin is a data-constrained, global-ocean biogeochemistry model that has heretofore lacked lateral inputs of carbon and nutrients. The objective of this study is to add this new capability to ECCO-Darwin and to carry out a suite of sensitivity experiments in order to quantify the impact of these lateral fluxes on coastal- and open-ocean biogeochemistry. In this work, we use an optimized version of the data-assimilative globalocean biogeochemistry ECCO-Darwin model to perform a sensitivity analysis of the ocean to lateral inputs of carbon and nutrients. We generate riverine inputs by combining daily point-source freshwater discharge from JRA55-do with the Global NEWS 2 watershed model, accounting for lateral inputs from 5171 watersheds worldwide. The addition of riverine inputs drives a small CO2 outgassing (+0.02 Pg C yr−1) due to compensating processes at regional scales. In basins dominated by carbon runoff, such as the Tropical Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, the addition of riverine inputs increases CO2 outgassing (+13 and +9%, respectively). In contrast, runoff in nutrient-dominated Southeast Asia leads to increased CO2 uptake (+9%). This new riverine biogeochemical input capability will enable future ECCO-Darwin solutions to better capture key processes that occur along coastal margins in global oceans.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lquxcr
title: Analysis of L-band Radar Signatures of Surface Topography, Soil Moisture and Vegetation Water Content

description: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Lband SAR backscatter (σ) from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission with respect to soil moisture in terms of the real part of soil dielectric constant, vegetation water content (VWC), and surface topography represented by the standard deviation of slope (STD slope). We examine backscatter response across seven landcover types and four major regions globally, employing a twodimensional (2D) binned framework to isolate the individual impacts of soil moisture and surface roughness under a range of VWC. Results show that radar backscatter increases substantially with the STD slope and soil moisture, with the strongest response under low VWC conditions. The radar backscatter also shows a general increase with VWC for VWC below 5 kg/m2 . A piecewise linear function is used to model the relationship between STD slope and backscatter, as the rate of change is higher at lower STD slope ranges. Under low vegetation conditions (VWC &lt; 0.25 kg/m²), the backscatter sensitivity to STD slope (∂σ/∂(STD slope)) is approximately 1 dB/° for STD slopes less than 8° and about 0.3 dB/° for slopes between 8° and 16°, while the sensitivity becomes negligible when VWC approaches 5 kg/m². We also introduce an empirical geophysical model function (GMF) of the vegetated soil surfaces to quantify the attenuation and volume scattering by vegetation. The results reveal an exponential decay of vegetation attenuation with increasing VWC and a nonlinear increase in volume scattering, consistent with prior theoretical and experimental studies.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.y1nm3f
title: Reducing the Dimensions of AGN Lightcurve Manifolds

description: The Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) glossary is vast and complex. Depending on selection method, observing wavelength, and brightness, AGNs are assigned distinct labels, yet the relationship between different selection methods and the diversity of time-domain behavior within and across classes remains difficult to characterize in a unified framework. Changing-look AGNs (CLAGNs), which transition between classifications over time, further complicate this picture. In this work, we learn a data-driven, low-dimensional representation of multi-wavelength photometric light curves of AGNs, in which the structure of the projected manifold correlates with AGN class and independent spectroscopic properties. Using the NASA Fornax Science Platform, we assemble light curves from ZTF, Pan-STARRS, Gaia, and WISE/NEOWISE for two samples: (1) a heterogeneous set of ∼2,000 AGNs spanning z &lt;=1, including SDSS quasars, variability-selected sources, and CLAGNs; and (2) a homogeneous sample of ∼65,000 narrow-line AGNs at z ≈ 0.1 with well-characterized optical emission-line measurements. Without using class labels during training, the learned manifolds organize variability-selected AGNs into coherent regions of the low-dimensional space, distinguish between turn-on and turn-off CLAGNs, and place tidal disruption events in distinct regions. Manifold coordinates correlate with key spectroscopic and host-galaxy properties—including stellar mass, [O III] luminosity, and D_n(4000)—demonstrating that heterogeneous multi-band variability can be combined in a purely data-driven manner to recover correlations with independent physical diagnostics, without requiring explicit physical modeling. These results show that manifold learning offers a practical, assumption-light approach for integrating time-domain surveys and prioritizing spectroscopic follow-up.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.oo0gxg
title: H18 2 O in the terrestrial planet-forming regions of protoplanetary disks

description: Isotopologues play an important role in solar system cosmochemistry studies, revealing details of early planet formation physics and chemistry. Oxygen isotopes, as measured in solar system materials, reveal evidence for both mass-dependent fractionation processes and a mass-independent process commonly attributed to isotopeselective photodissociation of CO in the solar nebula. The sensitivity of JWST’s MIRI-MRS enables studies of isotopologues in the terrestrial planet-forming regions around nearby young stars. We report here on a search for H18 2 O in 22 disks from the JDISC Survey with evidence for substantial water vapor reservoirs, with the goal of measuring H16 2 O/H18 2 O ratios, and potentially revealing the predicted enhancement of H18 2 O caused by isotope-selective photodissociation. We find marginal detections of H18 2 O in six disks, and a more significant detection of H18 2 O in the disk around WSB 52. Modeling of the detected H18 2 O lines assuming an ISM ratio of H16 2 O/H18 2 O predicts H18 2 O features consistent with observations for four of the modeled disks, but stronger H 18 2 O features than are observed in three of the modeled disks, which includes WSB 52. Therefore, these latter three disks require a higher H16 2 O/H18 2 O ratio than the ISM in the water-emitting region, in contrast to long-standing theoretical expectations. We suggest that either the H18 2 O-rich water has been removed from the emitting region and replaced by H18 2 O-poor water formed by reactions with 18O-poor CO, or that the gas-phase water is depleted in 18O via mass-dependent fractionation processes at the water snowline.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ahc4ss
title: Fundamental Physics in 2025: Status, Decisive Targets, and Path Forward

description: Fundamental physics today is best defined operationally: it is the program of identifying the microscopic degrees of freedom, symmetries, and dynamical laws that (i) reproduce the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, General Relativity (GR), and the ΛCDM cosmological model in their regimes of validity, and (ii) explain the observed phenomena that these baseline theories do not account for (dark matter, neutrino masses, baryogenesis, dark energy), while resolving conceptual inconsistencies (quantum gravity, naturalness, the cosmological constant problem, the measurement problem in quantum theory, information in black holes) and providing predictive unification. This review first lays out the “theory stack” (SM+GR+ΛCDM), the best current evidence for its parameters, and the concrete anomalies and missing ingredients. It then surveys the most relevant theoretical directions (eﬀective field theories; amplitude/positivity programs; lattice and many-body methods; symmetry-based model building; cosmological EFTs; quantum information approaches to QFT/gravitation) and the experimental/observational landscape, including ground and space platforms, astronomical messengers, and in-situ tests. Throughout we emphasize: (a) how each observable maps to energy scales and couplings; (b) the dominant statistical and systematic limitations; and (c) the sensitivity required for decisive progress. A staged roadmap is given only after the technical review, organized by decision points and cross-checks rather than by specific projects.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.6wthq4
title: The impact of OCO-2 seasonally dependent sampling on carbon flux estimation in the northern tropical Africa

description: The large annual carbon source over northern tropical Africa (NTA), inferred from satellite CO₂, remains highly debated. Using observing system simulation experiments with Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) sampling, we show that seasonally dependent sampling can lead to overestimated annual fluxes. These biases arise when prior flux seasonal cycle differs from the assumed truth. Since OCO-2 provides more observations during the non-growing season, posterior fluxes are more constrained in that period. When prior fluxes underestimate the seasonal amplitude, the posterior carbon sink during the growing season is underestimated, leading to a net positive bias. This effect is supported by real OCO-2 data, where we hypothesize that underestimating fire emissions during non-growing season and weaker seasonality of prior fluxes may contribute to overestimated annual fluxes. Our results highlight the need to improve prior flux estimates and expand observational coverage during the growing season to reduce biases in regional carbon budget assessments over NTA.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.jb4co7
title: SPHEREx Re-Observation of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS in December 2025: Detection of Increased Post-Perihelion Activity, Refractory Coma Dust, and New Coma Gas Species

description: In December-2025, SPHEREx re-observed 3I/ATLAS post-perihelion, finding a much more active object compared to August-2025 SPHEREx pre-perihelion observations, with marked evidence for development into an cometary body fully sublimating all its ices. The new imaging spectrophotometry is dominated by spatially resolved features due to dust scattered-light+thermal emission plus gas-emissions from CN(~0.93um), H2O(~2.7um), organic C-H(3.2–3.6um), CO2(4.25–4.27um), and CO(~4.7um). The CO2 gas-coma continues to be extended out to ~3’ radius. The continuum spectral signature of H2O-ice absorption has mostly disappeared, replaced by scattered-light plus thermal-emission from organo-silicaceous dust grains while the H2O gas-emission is 20x brighter. All but the organics-gas comae are circularly symmetric, while a weak pear-shaped solar-pointing dust tail consistent with large dust grains is now present. The new appearance of CN and C-H features suggests that these species are contained either in H2O phases or were trapped under them.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18553506
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Joseph H. Batty, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q131787087. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q131787087
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.fcj5k5
title: Implementing Riverine Biogeochemical Inputs in ECCO-Darwin: A Sensitivity Analysis of Terrestrial Fluxes in a Data-Assimilative Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Model

description: Terrestrial sources of carbon and nutrients drive biogeochemical cycles in coastal regions and in the global ocean. Quantifying their impact on the spatiotemporal variability of the ocean carbon cycle is pivotal to understanding the distinctive characteristics of ocean basins dominated by riverine inflow. ECCO-Darwin is a data-constrained, global-ocean biogeochemistry model that has heretofore lacked lateral inputs of carbon and nutrients. The objective of this study is to add this new capability to ECCO-Darwin and to carry out a suite of sensitivity experiments in order to quantify the impact of these lateral fluxes on coastal- and open-ocean biogeochemistry. In this work, we use an optimized version of the data-assimilative globalocean biogeochemistry ECCO-Darwin model to perform a sensitivity analysis of the ocean to lateral inputs of carbon and nutrients. We generate riverine inputs by combining daily point-source freshwater discharge from JRA55-do with the Global NEWS 2 watershed model, accounting for lateral inputs from 5171 watersheds worldwide. The addition of riverine inputs drives a small CO2 outgassing (+0.02 Pg C yr−1 ) due to compensating processes at regional scales. In basins dominated by carbon runoff, such as the Tropical Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, the addition of riverine inputs increases CO2 outgassing (+13 and +9%, respectively). In contrast, runoff in nutrient-dominated Southeast Asia leads to increased CO2 uptake (+9%). This new riverine biogeochemical input capability will enable future ECCO-Darwin solutions to better capture key processes that occur along coastal margins in global oceans.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18495629
title: Miniaturized Olfactory Sensor Chip-based AI-wearable Biometric Ring for Human Body Metabolic Odor Analysis

description: The source data of the paper titled "Miniaturized Olfactory Sensor Chip-based AI-wearable Biometric Ring for Human Body Metabolic Odor Analysis".
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18495630
title: Miniaturized Olfactory Sensor Chip-based AI-wearable Biometric Ring for Human Body Metabolic Odor Analysis

description: The source data of the paper titled "Miniaturized Olfactory Sensor Chip-based AI-wearable Biometric Ring for Human Body Metabolic Odor Analysis".
DOI: 10.17026/ss/gqevra
title: Interview with Emmy de Groot, Amsterdam, 14 January 2025

description: Interview with the experienced textile conservator, Emmy de Groot, contributing to enriching conservation history in textiles, conducted in the Ateliergebouw, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on 14 January 2025. The interview includes her training, career in conservation, a conservation studio in Haarlem, her teaching experience, and ethics and philosophy in conservation.
description: Interviews in Conservation Research
description: Interview conducted in the context of the course Oral History and Artwork Life Stories at the University of Amsterdam, an elective as part of the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage programme.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18553568
title: Database of ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction reference data for battery interphase components

description: This dataset contains ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction reference data for 10 common components of electrode-electrolyte interphases in rechargeable lithium-based batteries: lithium acetate (CH3COOLi), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium fluoride (6LiF and 7LiF), lithium hydride (LiH), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium oxide (Li2O), manganese(II) fluoride (MnF2), nickel(II) fluoride (NiF2), and polyethylene oxide (H(OCH2CH2)nOH). The deposit includes both raw and processed data, along with background subtraction fits and normalized spectra. Raw Raman data axes were interpolated to apply Fourier transform filtering.