DOI: 10.3886/icpsr37295
title: Teacher Victimization: Understanding Prevalence, Causation, and Negative Consequences in a Large Metropolitan Area in the Southwestern United States, 2016-2019
title: Archival Version

description: For Waves 1 and 2 (2016-2017), the two-year longitudinal research examined the prevalence of seven different types of teacher victimization, its negative consequences among victimized teachers, and predictors of aggression directed against teachers. The research, using a stratified multistage cluster sampling design, surveyed 1,628 middle and high school teachers in 14 school districts, located in a large metropolitan area in the southwest region of the United States. Two waves of the longitudinal research collected 1) teachers' socio-demographic factors, 2) teacher classroom management styles, and 3) school climate factors which are related to teacher victimization. Also, the data contained characteristics of victimization, school responses to teacher victimization, and negative consequences of teacher victimization. Waves 3 and 4 (2018-2019) explored the trends and patterns of different types of teacher victimization focusing on victimizations via verbal abuse and non-physical contact aggression. They also examined the percentage of teachers reporting victimizations to school administrators, school responses to teacher victimization, and satisfaction with school handling of victimization incidents. Finally, Waves 3 and 4 investigated the effect of procedural justice on 1) victimized teachers' satisfaction with school responses, 2) physical distress, and 3) emotional distress. <strong>Users should refer to the data collection notes field below for additional information about study citation.</strong>
description: The purpose of the study is to investigate teacher victimization in its scope, predictors, and negative consquences. Specifically, three gaps in the current literature are addressed: 1) the types of victimization and their frequencies, such as theft, physical assault, sexual harassment, verbal abuse, non-physical contact aggressive behaviors, and bullying (online and in-person); 2) causal predictors of teacher victimization, such as teacher sociodemographic factors, classroom behaviors, and school climate; and 3) the negative consequences of teachers' victimization, such as impact on job performance, trust of students, concern with school safety, and job turnover.
description: For Waves 1 and 2, the study utilized a longitudinal design, collecting data across two waves (2016, 2017). Teachers selected for the sample were invited to participate through a Qualtrics survey link. Participants who initially responded (n = 1,628) were recontacted for follow-up one year later (n = 1,317). Waves 3 and 4 were a continuation of the study. Among 1,317 Wave 2 participants, 1,239 were current teachers and 78 participants were former teachers who were excluded from Waves 3 and 4 research. In spring 2018, 1,101 among 1,239 eligible participants completed the Wave 3 web-based survey, having a retention rate of 89 percent from Wave 2 to Wave 3 research. Of 1,101 participants at Wave 3, 57 participants were former teachers and were not eligible for further participation at Wave 4 research. In spring 2019, 945 out of 1,044 participants continued to participate and completed the Wave 4 survey, yielding a retention rate of 91 percent from Wave 3 to Wave 4. For former teachers at each wave, separate question items were used to examine whether teacher victimization, school safety, and/or school's responses to teacher victimization were related to the career exit decision.
description: Variables for Waves 1 and 2 are grouped into the following categories. Respondent demographics and job-related items (age, gender, race, teaching experience, school level, subjects taught) Respondent's classroom management style ("I get angry quickly," "I explain things clearly," "My class is pleasant") Fulfillment of professional duties: able to provide alternative explanations when students are confused, help students value learning School climate: support from administration/colleagues, safety/security measures, knowledge of expectations, teacher autonomy Victimization incident details: frequency, offender demographics, how it was handled, physical and psychological health following event Feelings of being connected to one's school ("I care what my students think of me," "I get bored in school a lot") Job satisfaction and performance (fulfilling tasks, competency, proficiency, overall satisfaction) Items unique to Wave 2 are adapted scales for depressive symptoms and job burnout. For respondents who are former teachers in Wave 2, a series of items asks about reasons why they left teaching, specifically if victimization was the cause. Variables for Waves 3 and 4 are grouped into the following categories. Basic demographic information Professional development (unique to Wave 3) Student interaction Performed duties (unique to Wave 3) School climate School problems and issues Safety issues (unique to Wave 3) Teacher victimization by student/parent during past 12 months Victimizaton of theft/property damage Victimizaton of physical assault Victimizaton of sexual abuse Victimizaton of verbal threat/abuse Victimizaton of non-physical contact aggressive behavior Victimizaton of cyber bullying Victimizaton of in-person bullying Support from supervisors (unique to Wave 3) Connectedness to school and students Satisfaction with school and performance Bothered by feelings How feel about job Former teacher with a career transition
description: Not applicable.
description: Response Rates: Wave 1: 52 percent Wave 2: 81 percent (retention) Wave 3: 89 percent (retention) Wave 4: 91 percent (retention)
description: Presence of Common Scales: None
description: To collect a representative sample of teachers in the region, a stratified multistage cluster sampling design was used. First, the sampling frame was constructed by obtaining the lists of middle and high school teachers provided by each school district and/or collected from publicly available school websites. Second, approximately 10 to 30 teachers in each school were randomly selected based on the number of teachers listed at the school. For example, up to 30 teachers were randomly selected in a high school with at least 100 faculty members, while around 10 teachers were selected in a middle school with approximately 30 to 40 teachers.
description: Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Waves 1 and 2 Data DS2: Waves 3 and 4 Data
description: Middle and high school teachers in the region. Smallest Geographic Unit: None
description: web-based surveyUsers should note that dataset 1 (Waves 1 and 2 Data) should be attributed to both Byongook Moon and Roger Enriquez while dataset 2 (Waves 3 and 4 Data) should be attributed to only Byongook Moon.