cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510343
title: Chemical analysis of rainfall and throughfall in the Tapajós National Forest, Belterra, Pará, Brazil

description: The Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós) has 600,000 hectares of protected forest, and is situated 50 km south of the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil, a port city of 250,000 inhabitants that is located at the confluence of the Tapajós and Amazon Rivers. There is a lot of farmland in the region, which offers many opportunities to study changes in land use. Selective wood harvesting is one type of land use that is particularly important to the economy of Santarém. Wet and dry deposition of organic material can be an important source of nutrients for plants, and this is especially true when the soil is poor, which is the case in Santarém-Belterra plateau region, the study area of this research. In this region, the natural atmospheric deposition of nutrients is often enhanced by the burning of biomass, which releases a large part of the above-ground biomass nutrients into the atmosphere. The objectives of this study were: 1 - estimate the total wet deposition via direct precipitation and through the canopy, including dry deposition; 2 - verify potential sources of nutrients found in the total wet deposition and dry deposition; and 3 - investigate the effects of coverage vegetation on nutrient content in precipitation and throughfall. The study was conducted in FLONA Tapajós at km 67 of Santarém- Cuiabá Highway, south of the city of Santarém. The study area consisted of a portion of 100 x 100 m transects divided into 10 x 10 m plots. The area was located next to a meteorological tower 65 m tall that measures various climate parameters such as rainfall, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, temperature and humidity, among others. Direct precipitation (PD) and internal precipitation (IP) collectors consisted of 2 L polyethylene bottles with a 115 mm diameter funnel. Samples were collected weekly from April 2003 to March 2006. The volume of the sample was measured individually for each collector (25 traps for internal precipitation and 4 for direct precipitation). The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: 1 - the dry season has the highest variation in ion flux; 2 - seasonality has a strong influence on the concentration of basic cations; 3 - dry deposition is one of the most important ways that nutrients are acquired in FLONA Tapajos; 4 - there is a significant inflow of nutrients Cl and Na due to intensive grain farming nearby; 5 - dry deposition is the most important process for the enrichment of water that reaches the forest floor; 6 - principal component analysis facilitates the interpretation and characterization of rainwater and in this study shows the influence of anthropogenic sources such as agriculture, biomass burning, and dust.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510343.v1
title: Chemical analysis of rainfall and throughfall in the Tapajós National Forest, Belterra, Pará, Brazil

description: The Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós) has 600,000 hectares of protected forest, and is situated 50 km south of the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil, a port city of 250,000 inhabitants that is located at the confluence of the Tapajós and Amazon Rivers. There is a lot of farmland in the region, which offers many opportunities to study changes in land use. Selective wood harvesting is one type of land use that is particularly important to the economy of Santarém. Wet and dry deposition of organic material can be an important source of nutrients for plants, and this is especially true when the soil is poor, which is the case in Santarém-Belterra plateau region, the study area of this research. In this region, the natural atmospheric deposition of nutrients is often enhanced by the burning of biomass, which releases a large part of the above-ground biomass nutrients into the atmosphere. The objectives of this study were: 1 - estimate the total wet deposition via direct precipitation and through the canopy, including dry deposition; 2 - verify potential sources of nutrients found in the total wet deposition and dry deposition; and 3 - investigate the effects of coverage vegetation on nutrient content in precipitation and throughfall. The study was conducted in FLONA Tapajós at km 67 of Santarém- Cuiabá Highway, south of the city of Santarém. The study area consisted of a portion of 100 x 100 m transects divided into 10 x 10 m plots. The area was located next to a meteorological tower 65 m tall that measures various climate parameters such as rainfall, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, temperature and humidity, among others. Direct precipitation (PD) and internal precipitation (IP) collectors consisted of 2 L polyethylene bottles with a 115 mm diameter funnel. Samples were collected weekly from April 2003 to March 2006. The volume of the sample was measured individually for each collector (25 traps for internal precipitation and 4 for direct precipitation). The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: 1 - the dry season has the highest variation in ion flux; 2 - seasonality has a strong influence on the concentration of basic cations; 3 - dry deposition is one of the most important ways that nutrients are acquired in FLONA Tapajos; 4 - there is a significant inflow of nutrients Cl and Na due to intensive grain farming nearby; 5 - dry deposition is the most important process for the enrichment of water that reaches the forest floor; 6 - principal component analysis facilitates the interpretation and characterization of rainwater and in this study shows the influence of anthropogenic sources such as agriculture, biomass burning, and dust.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512113
title: Mathematical modeling of oxadixyl transport in onion crop soil

description: Pesticides used in crop production are the most important source of diffuse pollution to groundwater, and their discharge into surface water may be a contributing factor towards the decline of living resources and the deterioration of ecosystems. In this work, we studied the movement of oxadixyl through soil columns (30 cm length and 14 cm diameter) in laboratory conditions using onion soil from Lake Tota (Boyacá, Colombia). A solution of 0.01 M CaCl2, containing a tracer (bromide) and oxadixyl was sprayed onto the surface of the soil column, and then simulated rainfall was applied at an intensity of 0.034 cm h-1. After 30 days, and 2.13 relative pore volumes, oxadixyl percentages recovered at the bottom of the column were 92.1%. The oxadixyl experimental elution curve was analyzed using the Stanmod program (inverse problem) to obtain transport parameters. The non-equilibrium chemical model described the experimental elution curve well. The tail of the elution curve was particularly well captured. The retardation factor calculated for the fungicide was 3.94 and the partition coefficient, kd, was close to 1 kg L-1, indicating low adsorption in this soil. Under the experimental conditions, it could be concluded that oxadixyl is mobile in this soil, and therefore presents a risk of potential groundwater contamination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512113.v1
title: Mathematical modeling of oxadixyl transport in onion crop soil

description: Pesticides used in crop production are the most important source of diffuse pollution to groundwater, and their discharge into surface water may be a contributing factor towards the decline of living resources and the deterioration of ecosystems. In this work, we studied the movement of oxadixyl through soil columns (30 cm length and 14 cm diameter) in laboratory conditions using onion soil from Lake Tota (Boyacá, Colombia). A solution of 0.01 M CaCl2, containing a tracer (bromide) and oxadixyl was sprayed onto the surface of the soil column, and then simulated rainfall was applied at an intensity of 0.034 cm h-1. After 30 days, and 2.13 relative pore volumes, oxadixyl percentages recovered at the bottom of the column were 92.1%. The oxadixyl experimental elution curve was analyzed using the Stanmod program (inverse problem) to obtain transport parameters. The non-equilibrium chemical model described the experimental elution curve well. The tail of the elution curve was particularly well captured. The retardation factor calculated for the fungicide was 3.94 and the partition coefficient, kd, was close to 1 kg L-1, indicating low adsorption in this soil. Under the experimental conditions, it could be concluded that oxadixyl is mobile in this soil, and therefore presents a risk of potential groundwater contamination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7519508.v1
title: Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by methylene blue and malachite green under red LED light

description: This study assessed the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) on photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Escherichia coli. The photosensitizers methylene blue (1000 (mol L-1) and malachite green (250 (mol L-1) were activated with a red light-emitting diode (LED) lamp ((max = 636 nm). Bacterial suspensions containing 106 CFU mL-1 were irradiated for 5, 10 and 15 minutes (energy density = 119.9 J cm-2, 223.9 J cm-2 and 335.8 J cm-2, respectively). The following experimental conditions were performed for each photosensitizer: no light irradiation or photosensitizer, irradiation only, photosensitizer only or irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto PCA medium for the determination of the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL-1). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P&lt;0.05). Photodynamic inactivation using MB and MG was effective in reducing the number of E. coli. Malachite green (250 µmol L-1) photosensitization was able to achieve reductions of over 89% in the viable counts after 15 min of irradiation and methylene blue (1000 µmol L-1), at the same conditions of irradiation, showed a rate growth inhibition of 94.6%. The red LED light used has proven to be effective in the photosensitizing dyes and proved a good alternative to conventional light sources such as laser.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7519508
title: Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by methylene blue and malachite green under red LED light

description: This study assessed the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) on photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Escherichia coli. The photosensitizers methylene blue (1000 (mol L-1) and malachite green (250 (mol L-1) were activated with a red light-emitting diode (LED) lamp ((max = 636 nm). Bacterial suspensions containing 106 CFU mL-1 were irradiated for 5, 10 and 15 minutes (energy density = 119.9 J cm-2, 223.9 J cm-2 and 335.8 J cm-2, respectively). The following experimental conditions were performed for each photosensitizer: no light irradiation or photosensitizer, irradiation only, photosensitizer only or irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto PCA medium for the determination of the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL-1). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P&lt;0.05). Photodynamic inactivation using MB and MG was effective in reducing the number of E. coli. Malachite green (250 µmol L-1) photosensitization was able to achieve reductions of over 89% in the viable counts after 15 min of irradiation and methylene blue (1000 µmol L-1), at the same conditions of irradiation, showed a rate growth inhibition of 94.6%. The red LED light used has proven to be effective in the photosensitizing dyes and proved a good alternative to conventional light sources such as laser.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511213
title: Mineral waters in Brazil: an analysis of the market and institutional framework for integrated and sustainable management

description: This article presents an overview of the mineral water market in Brazil, based on three important considerations: first, the market structure prevailing in this segment is analyzed, addressing the evolution and main groups that make up the Brazilian market for mineral waters; next, we make a brief reference to the legal and institutional framework on mineral waters; and finally, we analyze the directions for integrated and sustainable environmental management in this segment. In this way, we sought to contextualize the market's legal, institutional and economic parameters, as well as the implications of these parameters that can be decisive in the environmental management process, which companies can use to enhance the excellence of that process. These changes imply that mineral water be included in the national policy of water resources, named the PNRH, and not as an ore. It should also be included in the National Plan of Solid Waste (PNRS), with a complete view of the product life cycle.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511213.v1
title: Mineral waters in Brazil: an analysis of the market and institutional framework for integrated and sustainable management

description: This article presents an overview of the mineral water market in Brazil, based on three important considerations: first, the market structure prevailing in this segment is analyzed, addressing the evolution and main groups that make up the Brazilian market for mineral waters; next, we make a brief reference to the legal and institutional framework on mineral waters; and finally, we analyze the directions for integrated and sustainable environmental management in this segment. In this way, we sought to contextualize the market's legal, institutional and economic parameters, as well as the implications of these parameters that can be decisive in the environmental management process, which companies can use to enhance the excellence of that process. These changes imply that mineral water be included in the national policy of water resources, named the PNRH, and not as an ore. It should also be included in the National Plan of Solid Waste (PNRS), with a complete view of the product life cycle.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510679.v1
title: Evaluation of low-cost methods for the measurement of discharge into rivers

description: Increasing rates of pollution and over-exploitation have reduced the availability of water in many regions of the world. In this context, the qualitative and quantitative management of available water resources becomes paramount. Thus, this study evaluated the applicability of two low-cost discharge measurement methods that are adequately precise: the electromagnetic method and the culvert method. The methods were applied in the field (Ribeirão da Onça Basin) in order to assess their advantages and disadvantages with reference to the conventional method of discharge measurement. Compared with the traditional method, the electromagnetic method resulted in a deviation of -5%, but allowed velocity measurements in the turbulent conditions caused by the channel's side walls. The culvert method resulted in discharge deviations of 2.1%; however, it had limitations in high water situations. The two low-cost methods showed good results in determining the rate of discharge, but it is crucial to understand their operational limitations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510679
title: Evaluation of low-cost methods for the measurement of discharge into rivers

description: Increasing rates of pollution and over-exploitation have reduced the availability of water in many regions of the world. In this context, the qualitative and quantitative management of available water resources becomes paramount. Thus, this study evaluated the applicability of two low-cost discharge measurement methods that are adequately precise: the electromagnetic method and the culvert method. The methods were applied in the field (Ribeirão da Onça Basin) in order to assess their advantages and disadvantages with reference to the conventional method of discharge measurement. Compared with the traditional method, the electromagnetic method resulted in a deviation of -5%, but allowed velocity measurements in the turbulent conditions caused by the channel's side walls. The culvert method resulted in discharge deviations of 2.1%; however, it had limitations in high water situations. The two low-cost methods showed good results in determining the rate of discharge, but it is crucial to understand their operational limitations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510802
title: Morphometric characterization of sub-basins in the municipality of Xapuri: subsidies to land management in the Western Amazon

description: This work morphometrically characterized watersheds that occur in the municipality of Xapuri and constructed a model that explains the extent of watershed impact and resilience. Emphasis was given to provide a decision-making tool for non-specialists. The study area is located in the State of Acre and has four sub-basins: Alto Acre, Rio Xapuri, Xipamanu and Riozinho do Rola. A cartographic survey was conducted, to include the morphometric characteristics of the area and land use and cover features that resulted in the soil-hydrographic zoning of the municipality. Sub-basins Xapuri, Xipamanu and Riozinho do Rôla revealed drainage densities and orders that indicate low drainage efficiency, while Alto Acre presented high drainage orders (ninth order) and densities, contrary the geometric indices and drainage densities, and is considered to have efficient drainage. Considerable alterations in permanent preservation areas occur in the municipality of Xapuri, with conversion to less resilient areas highly sensitive to impacts. The soil-hydrographic zoning assists in visualizing the municipality in a land management context through an ecosystem approach and a qualitative view of the possibilities and weaknesses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510802.v1
title: Morphometric characterization of sub-basins in the municipality of Xapuri: subsidies to land management in the Western Amazon

description: This work morphometrically characterized watersheds that occur in the municipality of Xapuri and constructed a model that explains the extent of watershed impact and resilience. Emphasis was given to provide a decision-making tool for non-specialists. The study area is located in the State of Acre and has four sub-basins: Alto Acre, Rio Xapuri, Xipamanu and Riozinho do Rola. A cartographic survey was conducted, to include the morphometric characteristics of the area and land use and cover features that resulted in the soil-hydrographic zoning of the municipality. Sub-basins Xapuri, Xipamanu and Riozinho do Rôla revealed drainage densities and orders that indicate low drainage efficiency, while Alto Acre presented high drainage orders (ninth order) and densities, contrary the geometric indices and drainage densities, and is considered to have efficient drainage. Considerable alterations in permanent preservation areas occur in the municipality of Xapuri, with conversion to less resilient areas highly sensitive to impacts. The soil-hydrographic zoning assists in visualizing the municipality in a land management context through an ecosystem approach and a qualitative view of the possibilities and weaknesses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516424
title: Analysis of potability conditions of upwelling water in Ubá, MG

description: In this work we investigated the interference of anthropic activities on the potability of groundwater in the urban area of the city of Ubá, MG. To accomplish this, the physical characteristics (temperature, turbidity and color), chemical (pH, conductivity, chloride, nitrate and hardness) and microbiological (total and thermotolerant coliforms) of ten upwelling waters were monitored throughout one year. The temperature, pH, color, chloride and hardness of all upwelling waters were considered normal compared to standards of potable water. However, the analyses of turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate and total and thermotolerant coliforms indicate contamination by human activities. Overall, the results indicated the occurrence of high environmental degradation, where only 30% of monitored upwelling waters were in accordance with the quality standard, indicating the need for intervention to ensure water quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514930
title: Seasonal evaluation of the quality of surface waters of the Amazon River on the waterfront of Macapá City, Amapá, Brazil

description: Water is essential to life on Earth and crucial for humanity, but multiple and complex human activities alter this resource. This study evaluated the physical-chemical and bacteriological water conditions of the Amazon River at the Macapa city waterfront in the State of Amapa. The study was conducted at three points in the section between the mouth of the Igarapé das Pedrinhas and the mouth of the Canal do Jandiá, considering the spatial and temporal variations in seasonal periods. Samples were collected for analysis of the following variables: turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total phosphorus, nitrate, total solids, biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform, and total nitrogen. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data, to include the nonparametric statistical method of Kruskal-Wallis and the coefficient of variation. The results were evaluated individually and compared with the limits established by Resolution 357/2005 of the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) using "class 2 for fresh water" as a reference. The Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values and total phosphorus were not within the resolution threshold. The results of the Water Quality Index (WQI) indicated that during the less rainy and rainy period the water at the Macapa city waterfront was classified as "good" and "excellent", respectively, where the turbidity and BOD were predominant for the decrease in WQI during the less rainy season. It is concluded that in periods of low water flow the contribution of wastewater discharged near the water uptake station for public supply may deteriorate water quality and compromise the health of the population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516424.v1
title: Analysis of potability conditions of upwelling water in Ubá, MG

description: In this work we investigated the interference of anthropic activities on the potability of groundwater in the urban area of the city of Ubá, MG. To accomplish this, the physical characteristics (temperature, turbidity and color), chemical (pH, conductivity, chloride, nitrate and hardness) and microbiological (total and thermotolerant coliforms) of ten upwelling waters were monitored throughout one year. The temperature, pH, color, chloride and hardness of all upwelling waters were considered normal compared to standards of potable water. However, the analyses of turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate and total and thermotolerant coliforms indicate contamination by human activities. Overall, the results indicated the occurrence of high environmental degradation, where only 30% of monitored upwelling waters were in accordance with the quality standard, indicating the need for intervention to ensure water quality.