DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4g871v
title: Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity

description: As humans continue moving to urban areas, there is a growing need to
 understand the effects of urban intensification on native wildlife
 populations. Forest species in remnant habitat are particularly vulnerable
 to urban intensification, but the mechanisms behind these effects are
 poorly understood. An understanding of how species traits, as proxies for
 mechanisms, mediate the effects of urban intensification on forest species
 can help fill this knowledge gap. Using a large point count dataset from
 the Second Pennsylvania Breeding Bird Atlas, we tested for the effects of
 species traits on the magnitude and spatial scale of the responses of 58
 forest bird species to urbanization intensity in landscapes surrounding
 count locations. Average urbanization intensity effect size across species
 was -0.36 ± 0.49 (SE) and average scale of effect of urbanization
 intensity was 4.87 ± 5.95 km. Resident forest bird species that are
 granivorous or frugivorous, cavity-nesting, and have larger clutch sizes
 and more fledglings per clutch had more positive associations with
 increasing urbanization intensity in landscapes. In addition, the effect
 of urbanization intensity on forest birds manifested most strongly at
 larger spatial scales for granivorous, frugivorous, or omnivorous species
 that are cavity-nesting, have larger clutch sizes and longer wingspans,
 and flock in larger numbers. To our knowledge, the present study
 represents the first direct tests of the effects of species traits on both
 the magnitude and spatial scale of the effect of urbanization on forest
 birds, as well as the first evidence that migratory status, clutch size,
 wingspan, and fledglings per clutch are important determinants of the
 responses of forest birds to urbanization. We discuss the possible
 mechanisms underlying our results and their implications for forest bird
 conservation in urbanizing landscapes.
description: adjusted_200m_allvars200m landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_500m_allvars500m landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensityadjusted_1km_allvars1km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_2km_allvars2km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_4km_allvars4km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_6km_allvars6km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_8km_allvars8km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_10km_allvars10km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_12km_allvars12km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.adjusted_16km_allvars16km landscape data for: Paton GD, Shoffner AV, Wilson AM, Gagné SA. Data from: The traits that predict the magnitude and spatial scale of forest bird responses to urbanization intensity.2ndPA_BirdAtlas_bird_countsPoint Count bird data for Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania (2004-2009), Wilson et al. 2012. Wilson, A.M., D.W. Brauning and R.S. Mulvihill (eds). 2012. Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania. Penn State Press, University Park, PA. NOTE: Count duration was 6 minutes and 15 seconds (5 times 75 second time bands) Singing birds were recorded in time bands There were two distance bands: &lt;75 m, &gt; 75 m (unlimited) Data for 33, 766 point count locations.2ndPA_BirdAtlas_pointcount_location_and_conditionsPoint Count location information for Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania (2004-2009), Wilson et al. 2012 Wilson, A.M., D.W. Brauning and R.S. Mulvihill (eds). 2012. Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania. Penn State Press, University Park, PA. Data for 33,766 point count locations.