cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.23p15n1
title: Data from: Accumulation over evolutionary time as a major cause of biodiversity hotspots in conifers

description: Biodiversity hotspots are important for understanding how areas of high
 species richness form, but disentangling the processes that produce them
 is difficult. We combine geographic ranges, phylogenetic relationships,
 and trait data for 606 conifer species in order to explore the mechanisms
 underlying richness hotspot formation. We identify eight richness hotspots
 that overlap known centers of plant endemism and diversity. We find that
 conifer richness hotspots occur in mountainous areas within broader
 regions of long-term climate stability. Hotspots are not generally unique
 in their species composition, traits or phylogenetic structure; a large
 percentage of their species are not restricted to hotspots and they rarely
 show either a preponderance of new radiating lineages or old relictual
 lineages. We suggest that conifer hotspots have primarily formed as a
 result of lineages accumulating over evolutionary time scales, and not
 through high origination or preferential retention of relictual lineages
 or retention of unique traits, although such processes may contribute to
 nuanced differences among hotspots. Although conifer hotspots around the
 world can have very different taxa and phylogenetic composition, our
 results suggest that conifer hotspots form through accumulation of
 diversity from species rich pools and in mountains of climatically stable
 regions.
description: Hotspots_masterdataGlobal 100 km x km grid cell-level data associated with conifer ranges. For each grid cell, the file includes species composition, clade and phylogenetic information, trait data (including biotic dispersal specialization, genome size, seed volume and other trait information presented in the manuscript), climatic data (including annual temperature, precipitation and other climatic data included in the manuscript), topographical and lithological data (including elevation, soil information). Legend is provided in the .xlsx file.rangesShapefile of natural species ranges for all 606 extant conifer species estimated from point occurrence data. Detailed methodology describing construction of ranges provided in manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.465b258
title: Data from: Contrasting drivers of diversification rates on islands and continents across three Passerine families

description: Rates of diversification vary greatly among taxa. Understanding how
 species-specific traits influence speciation rates will help elucidate
 mechanisms driving the production and maintenance of biodiversity over
 broad spatiotemporal scales. Ecological specialization and range size are
 two characteristics thought to predict differences in speciation rates
 among clades, yet each mechanism predicts both increases and decreases in
 speciation. We estimate a continuous index of specialization using avian
 bill morphology. We determine the relative effect of specialization and
 range size and shape on speciation rates across 559 species within the
 Emberizoidea superfamily, a morphologically diverse clade distributed
 across the Americas and associated islands. We find a significant positive
 correlation between specialization and speciation rate, and a negative
 correlation with range size. Only the effect of specialization persisted
 after removing island endemics, suggesting that ecological specialization
 is an important driver of diversity across large macroevolutionary scales
 and the relative importance of specific drivers may differ on islands and
 continents.
description: MorphRangeData .csv file containing specialization and range data for species included in the analyses   Geomorph_PCScores .csv file containing the PC scores used in the QuaSSE and MuSSE analyses   SSEModels.R Code to replicate MuHiSSE, QuaSSE, and MuSSE analyses   ESSim.R Code to replicate ES-sim and FiSSE analyses   <strong>ALL_TPS_FILES</strong> Raw coordinate data produced from TPSDig, used in Geomorph package to generate specialization index and PC scores   <strong>TPS_FILES_ImageID_Species</strong> File used to match ImageID from shape coordinate data to species names   <strong>Geomorph.R</strong> Code used to analyze shape data and generate specialization index and PC Scores
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k8r7qc1
title: Data from: Entwicklung eines Instruktionsvideos für die Untersuchung von Patienten mit Verdacht auf craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion

description: Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Erstellung eines
 Instruktionsvideos, welches das Erlernen der Methodik zur Untersuchung von
 Patienten mit Verdacht auf craniomandibuläre Dysfunktionen (CMD)
 unterstützen soll. Nach Betrachten des Videos sollte der Lernende den
 Ablauf einer Untersuchung und die Anwendung der Untersuchungstechniken
 kennen. Methodik Ein Instruktionsvideo wurde von zwei Zahnärzten, welche
 in der Befunderhebung von Patienten mit Verdacht auf CMD erfahren sind,
 angefertigt. Zusätzlich waren beide Untersucher gemäß der Diagnostic
 Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) kalibriert. Das
 Instruktionsvideo wurde in Kapiteln angelegt. Für eine verbesserte
 Darstellung wesentlicher Aspekte der Befunderhebung wurden verschiedene
 Kameraperspektiven, Stichpunkte, Bildvergrößerungen und Wiederholungen der
 Inhalte verwendet. Hintergrundgeräusche wurden auf ein Minimum reduziert.
 Ergebnisse Mittels zweier Evaluationsphasen, wobei die erste durch
 erfahrene und die zweite durch auf CMD-spezialisierte Zahnärzte erfolgte,
 wurde das Instruktionsvideo sukzessive modifiziert und fertiggestellt. Das
 finale Video umfasst neun Kapitel und hat eine Gesamtdauer von 26,5
 Minuten. Schlussfolgerung Das deutsche Instruktionsvideo stellt den
 zeitlich optimierten Ablauf einer standardisierten Befunderhebung in
 Kapiteln dar, welche bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf craniomandibuläre
 Dysfunktion angewendet werden kann.   Instructional video for the
 examination of patients with suspected craniomandibular dysfunction
 Objectives: The aim of this project was to develop an instructional video
 that demonstrates a standardized clinical examination on patients with
 suspected temporomandibular disorders (TMD). After viewing the video, the
 learner should be knowledgeable about the examination steps and
 application of the examination techniques.  Methods: The
 instructional video was created by two dentists who are experienced in
 assessing patients with suspected TMD. Additionally, both examiners were
 calibrated according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular
 Disorders (DC/TMD). The instructional video was divided into chapters.
 Various camera angles, key points, image enlargements, and replays were
 used to better depict essential aspects of the assessment. Background
 noise was reduced to a minimum.  Results: The instructional video
 was modified and completed in two phases: the first by an experienced
 dentist and the second by a dentist specialized in TMD. The final video
 includes nine chapters and is 26.5 minutes in length. Conclusion: Divided
 into chapters, this German instructional video shows an optimally timed,
 standardized clinical assessment of patients with suspected TMD.
description: smaller video size CMD_Video_GMS
 Instructional Video for the examination of TMD patients according
 to DC/TMD guidelines in German
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tk63005
title: Data from: Lower elevation animal species do not tend to be better competitors than their upper elevation relatives

description: Abstract Aim: What factors set species’ range edges? One general
 hypothesis, often attributed to Darwin and MacArthur, is that
 interspecific competition prevents species from inhabiting the warmest
 portions along geographic gradients (i.e., low latitudes or low
 elevations). A prediction arising from this Darwin-MacArthur hypothesis is
 that lower elevation species are better competitors than related upper
 elevation species. An alternative prediction is that upper elevation taxa
 will tend to be better competitors because they will tend to be larger
 (Bergmann’s rule). Here, I test these opposing predictions. Location:
 Global. Time period: 1971 – 2019. Major taxa studied: Birds, mammals,
 amphibians, fishes. Methods: I conducted a meta-analysis of studies that
 have measured pairwise behavioral aggression between species-pairs of
 closely related animals where the two species inhabit divergent
 elevational distributions. Results: I found that (1) interspecific
 aggression appears to be a reliable indicator of interspecific
 competition; (2) elevational position was not consistently linked to
 interspecific aggression—while lower elevation songbird species in the
 tropics showed stronger interspecific aggression in response to playback
 experiments, upper elevation species showed stronger interspecific
 aggression in direct observations of interspecific aggression across a
 range of taxa and latitudes; (3) body size was a good predictor of
 pairwise interspecific aggression and (4) there was limited evidence for
 Bergmann’s rule. Main conclusions: My results do not support the
 longstanding prediction that lower elevation animals are generally better
 competitors than their upper elevation relatives. Instead, patterns of
 interspecific aggression are linked to body size, with larger animals
 showing more aggression towards smaller relatives than vice versa. Hence,
 a trait—body size—that is idiosyncratically related to elevational
 position appear to determine the outcome of pairwise behavioral
 interactions. Last, I consider these results in the context of the
 hypothesis that behavioral interactions may impact rates of upslope range
 shifts associated with recent warming.
description: Dataset for Freeman 2019
 GEBDataset. Each row
 provides information for a particular species-pair. Columns provide
 information. The key columns include "StudyType" (direct
 observations or simulated [playback] interactions), columns quantifying
 interspecific aggression within the species-pair (different metrics for
 direct observations vs. simulated interactions), and columns providing the
 mass of the lower and upper elevation species.Freeman_2019_GEB_for_Dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2264mf4
title: Data from: Tactile and proprioceptive dysfunction differentiates cervical dystonia with and without tremor

description: Objective: To determine if different phenotypes of cervical dystonia (CD)
 express different types and levels of somatosensory impairment. Methods:
 We assessed somatosensory function in CD patients with and without tremor
 (N=12 each) and in healthy age-matched controls (N=22) by measuring
 tactile temporal discrimination thresholds of the non-dystonic forearm,
 and proprioceptive acuity in both the dystonic (head/neck) and
 non-dystonic body segments (forearm/hand) using a joint position-matching
 task. The head or the wrist was passively displaced along different axes
 to distinct joint positions by the experimenter or through a robotic
 exoskeleton. Participants actively reproduced the experienced joint
 position and the absolute joint position matching error between target and
 the reproduced positions served as a marker of proprioceptive acuity.
 Results: Tactile temporal discrimination thresholds were significantly
 elevated in both CD subgroups when compared to controls. Proprioceptive
 acuity of both the dystonic and non-dystonic body segments was elevated in
 patients with CD and tremor with respect to both healthy controls and
 patients with CD without tremor. That is, tactile abnormalities were a
 shared dysfunction of both CD phenotypes, while proprioceptive dysfunction
 was observed in CD patients with tremor. Conclusions: Our findings suggest
 that the pathophysiology in CD can be characterized by two abnormal neural
 processes: First, a dysfunctional somatosensory gating mechanism involving
 the basal ganglia that triggers involuntary muscle spasms. Second,
 abnormal processing of proprioceptive information within a defective
 cortico-cerebellar loop, likely affecting the feedback and feedforward
 control of head positioning. This dysfunction is mainly expressed in CD
 with tremor.
description: Avanzino et al.
 Supplementary MaterialsTactile and
 proprioceptive dysfunction differentiates cervical dystonia with and
 without tremor Supplementary Material Subjects’ strategy (overshooting and
 undershooting)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.47j1v16
title: Data from: Three-month modified Rankin Scale as a determinant of five-year cumulative costs after ischemic stroke: an analysis of 11,136 patients in Korea

description: Objective: Stroke is a devastating and costly disease; however, there is a
 paucity of information on long-term costs and on how they differ according
 to 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS), which is a primary outcome
 variable in acute stroke intervention trials. Methods: We analyzed a
 prospective multicenter stroke registry (Clinical Research Collaboration
 for Stroke in Korea) database through linkage with claims data from the
 National Health Insurance Service with follow up to December 2016.
 Healthcare expenditures were converted into daily cost individually, and
 annual and cumulative costs up to 5 years were estimated and compared
 according to the 3-month mRS. Results: Between January 2011 and November
 2013, 11,136 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 68
 years, and 58% were men. The median follow-up period was 3.9 years (range
 0–5 years). Mean cumulative cost over 5 years was $117,576 US dollar
 (USD); the cost in the first year after stroke was the highest ($38,152
 USD), which increased markedly from the cost a year before stroke ($8,718
 USD). The mean 5-year cumulative costs differed significantly according to
 the 3-month mRS (P&lt;.001); the costs for a 3-month mRS score of 0 or
 5 were $53,578 USD and $257,486 USD, respectively. Three-month mRS was an
 independent determinant of long-term costs after stroke. Conclusions: We
 shows that 3-month mRS plays an important role in the prediction of
 long-term costs after stroke. Such estimates relating to 3-month mRS
 categories may be valuable when undertaking health economic evaluations
 related to stroke care.
description: Supplemental
 Data Supplemental materials
 associated with the manuscript including tables, figures and
 appendix supplemental_data_200225.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h0k1r4m
title: Data from: Everything is not everywhere: marine compartments shape phytoplankton assemblages

description: The idea that “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects” has
 been seminal in microbial biogeography and marine phytoplankton is one of
 the prototypical groups used to illustrate this. The argument has
 typically been that phytoplankton is ubiquitous, but that distinct
 assemblages form under environmental selection. It is well established
 that phytoplankton assemblages vary considerably between coastal
 ecosystems. However, the relative role of compartmentalisation of regional
 seas and site-specific environmental conditions in shaping assemblage
 structures, has not been specifically examined. We collected data from
 coastal embayments falling within two different water compartments within
 the same regional sea and also characterised by highly localised
 environmental pressures. We used PCNM and AEM models to partition the
 effects that spatial structures, environmental conditions and their
 overlap had on the variation in assemblage composition. Our model
 explained a high percentage of variation in assemblage composition
 (59-65%) and showed that spatial structure consistent with marine
 compartmentalisation played a more important role than local environmental
 conditions. At least during the study period, surface currents connecting
 sites within the two compartments failed to generate sufficient dispersal
 to offset the impact of differences due to compartmentalisation. In other
 words, our findings suggest that, even for a prototypical cosmopolitan
 group, everything is not everywhere.
description: Data_Spatharis_et_al_ProceedingsBThis data file contains a spreadsheet with a phytoplankton species abundance table and another spreadsheet with the corresponding physicochemical information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.df02h35
title: Data from: Lipids, apolipoproteins, and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

description: Objective To determine whether lipids and apolipoproteins predict
 prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a cohort study
 of 99 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients who were diagnosed during
 2015-2018 and followed until October 31, 2018, at the Neurology Clinic in
 Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Methods Total
 cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein
 cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipid
 ratios were measured at the time of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
 diagnosis or shortly thereafter. Death after amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
 diagnosis was used as the main outcome. Cox model was used to estimate
 hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals of death after amyotrophic
 lateral sclerosis diagnosis, after controlling for sex, age at diagnosis,
 site of symptoms onset, diagnostic delay, body mass index, Amyotrophic
 Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised, and progression rate.
 Results One-standard deviation increase of total cholesterol (hazard
 ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.89; P=0.01), low-density
 lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval,
 0.44-0.92; P=0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density
 lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence
 interval, 0.46-0.92; P=0.02), apolipoprotein B (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95%
 confidence interval, 0.44-0.88; P=0.01), or apolipoprotein
 B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval,
 0.43-0.86; P&lt;0.01) were all associated with a lower risk of death
 after amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis. A dose-response
 relationship was also noted when analyzing these biomarkers as categorical
 variables. Conclusions Lipids and apolipoproteins are important prognostic
 indicators for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and should be monitored at
 the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
description: Supplementary_Tables_Ingre C et alSupplementary tables 1-7 for Ingre C. et al.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pp8js50
title: Data from: Restricted connectivity and population genetic fragility in a globally endangered hammerhead shark

description: Vagile, large-bodied marine organisms frequently have wide range
 dispersion but also dependence on coastal habitats for part of their
 life-history. These characteristics may induce complex population genetic
 structure patterns, with resulting implications for the management of
 exploited populations. The scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini, is a
 cosmopolitan, migratory shark in tropical and warm temperate waters,
 inhabiting coastal bays during parturition and juvenile development and
 the open ocean as adults. Here, we investigated the genetic connectivity
 and diversity of S. lewini in the western Atlantic using large sample
 coverage (N=308), and data from whole mitochondrial control region (mtCR)
 sequences and ten nuclear microsatellite loci. We detected significant
 population genetic structure with both mtCR and microsatellites markers
 (mtCR: ΦST = 0.60; p &lt; 0.001; microsatellites: Dest 0.0794, p =
 0.001, FST = 0.046, p &lt; 0.05), and isolation by distance (mtCR r =
 0.363, p = 0.009; microsatellites r = 0.638, p = 0.007). The migration and
 gene flow patterns, based on mtCR and microsatellites were asymmetric, and
 female reproductive philopatry is postulated to explain such population
 subdivision patterns. The notable population differentiation at
 microsatellites markers indicates low-levels of male-mediated gene flow in
 the western Atlantic. The overall effective population size was estimated
 as 299 (215 – 412 Confidence Interval), and there was no evidence of
 strong or recent bottleneck effects. Findings of at least three management
 units, moderate genetic diversity, and low effective population size in
 the context of current overfishing calls for intensive management aimed at
 short and long-term conservation for this endangered species in the
 western Atlantic Ocean.
description: Sphyrna lewini
 microsatellite datasetMicrosatellite dataset
 used in a genetic population study of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna
 lewini).slewini.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4q4h8q1
title: Data from: Intermediate Flortaucipir uptake is associated with A&[beta]-PET & CSF-tau in asymptomatic adults

description: Objective: To investigate relationships between tau-PET binding and other
 established Alzheimer’s disease (AD) markers in cognitively normal
 individuals at increased risk of AD. Methods: One-hundred-nineteen
 late-middle-aged and older adults with a parental or multiple-sibling
 history of AD (PREVENT-AD cohort, mean age=67±5) underwent tau PET
 ([18F]flortaucipir), β-amyloid (Aβ) PET ([18F]NAV4694), and cognitive
 assessment. A subsample of 74 participants also had CSF phosphorylated
 (p)-tau data available. We investigated regional tau SUVR differences
 between Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative individuals using general linear
 models adjusted for age and sex. In regions showing higher flortaucipir
 binding in Aβ-positive individuals, we assessed whether flortaucipir SUVRs
 were related to p-tau and cognitive performance. We repeated these
 analyses iteratively removing the participant with the highest entorhinal
 flortaucipir SUVR to determine thresholds at which associations with
 Aβ-PET, CSF p-tau and cognition were detectable. Results: Aβ-positive
 individuals had higher flortaucipir SUVRs than Aβ-negative ones in limbic,
 temporal, occipital, and inferior parietal regions. Increased flortaucipir
 SUVRs in a subset of predominantly medial temporal regions were also
 associated with increased CSF p-tau and worse cognitive performance. The
 association of flortaucipir in the entorhinal cortex with CSF p-tau, Aβ,
 or delayed memory were inapparent among individuals with SUVRs below 1.12,
 1.23 and 1.41 respectively. Conclusions: Flortaucipir binding in
 AD-typical regions is associated with established AD markers. Except for
 the association of flortaucipir-binding with cognition, these findings
 were not driven by results in individuals classified as tau-positive
 according to conventional tau thresholds. These observations suggest that
 early (sub-threshold) elevation in flortaucipir signal is clinically
 meaningful.
description: Intermediate
 Flortaucipir Paper: Supplementary MaterialSupplementary methods
 for the amyloid-beta Gaussian mixture model, supplementary cognitive index
 results, and results of the analyses run with partial-volume corrected
 data.aug13_neurology_supplementary
 methods.docx