DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14761503
title: Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris (France) from 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05

description: Quality controlled and harmonized dataset on wind direction and wind speed profiles from ground-based Doppler Wind LIDARS (DWL), deployed in a multi-institutional effort along a 40 km transect through the centre of the Paris Metropolitan area (France) for the period 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05.

The dataset, its derivation, quality control and evaluation against radiosondes and in-situ observations are decribed in the following manuscript:

Morrison, W., Looschelders, D., Céspedes, J., Claxton, B., Drouin, M.-A., Dupont, J.-C., Faucheux, A., Haeffelin, M., Holst, C. C., Kotthaus, S., Masson, V., McGregor, J., Price, J., Zeeman, M., Grimmond, S., and Christen, A.: Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris, France, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, 2025.

Preview graphs for the full dataset on a daily basis (wind speed, wind direction, wind barbs) are available here:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15090857 

Continuous data availability consists of



Extensive Operation Period (EOP) with 3 DWLs from June 10, 2022 – March 05, 2024

Two Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) with six DWL over 9 weeks in September 2023 to December 2023. 


Detailed data availability per site along with weather conditions and classifications can be found in the files "paris_dwl_L3VX.XX_data_availability_weather.pdf" and "paris_dwl_L3VX.XX_data_availability_weather.xlsx".

Data are provided in daily NetCDF files in two temporal resolutions of 10 minutes ("_600s") and 1 hour ("_3600s"). All dates / times are in UTC. Files are packaged by year and month using the following name convention "paris_dwl_L3VX.XX_YYYY_MM_RRRRs.tar.gz", where X.XX is the version number, YYYY refers to the year, (2022-2024) MM to the month of the year (01-12), and RRRR is the time resolution with "600s" and "3600s".

NetCDF files contain the following fields:




standard_name (Variable name)
Dimensions
Description


time
1
Timestamp: end of time interval. 600 s and 3600 s time intervals are provided, in separate data files (600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 00:10:00 and 3600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 01:00:00). All variables are harmonised to this resolution as averages (e.g. wind) or percentage occurrence (e.g. flags) 


altitude
1 
Altitude of centre of each measurement gate above mean sea level (m). Harmonised gates are 25 m from 0 – 6500 m with values linearly interpolated to this resolution 


station
1
Measurement location identifier (see table below), all are listed even if no valid data are retrieved during the file’s date. 


eastward_wind (u) 
3
Mean eastward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval 


northward_wind (v) 
3
Mean northward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval 


wind_speed (ws) 
3
Horizontal wind speed calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (m s-1) 


wind_from_direction (wd) 
3
Horizontal wind direction calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (degrees from true north) 


system_id 
2
Serial number of sensor deployed at station at a given time 


latitude (station_lat) 
1
Latitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) 


longitude (station_lon) 
1
Longitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) 








station_altitude 









1 









Measurement station height above ground level (m).  




Ground level is the “street” level so if the station is on a rooftop, the height will accounts for the building height and any mounting structure 











station_height 



1 
Average height of station above sea level (reference_geoid: EGM96) (m) 








n_rays_in_scan 









2 









Number of rays in a scan. e.g. 12 for a VAD scan that has 12 samples within one scan 











n_pulses 









2 









Number of pulses in a given ray. More pulses, the higher the integration time 











raw_gate_length 









2 









Gate length prior to L3 aggregation (m) 











flag_suspect_retrieval_warn 









3 









Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval warning not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Retrievals retained but treat with caution 











flag_suspect_retrieval_removed 









3 









Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval error not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Data removed 











flag_low_signal_warn 









3 









Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrievals retained but treat with caution 











flag_low_signal_removed 









3 









Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrieval rejected 











flag_ws_out_of_range_removed 









3 









Percentage of values within time interval with wind speed outside reasonable retrievable range (> 60 m s-1) (i.e. removed). Evaluated after all other retrieval QC 







 

Version history

Version 1.42



Selected additional values at the station PAROIS have been flagged and/or removed due to suspicion of an instrument malfunction. Data have been compared to a co-located SODAR to assess data quality (see manuscript for details)

Weather data files (paris_dwl_L3V1.42_data_availability_weather.xlsx and paris_dwl_L3V1.42_data_availability_weather.pdf) have been corrected for an error in the column "Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station" (previously incorrect atribution to day), for the correct highlighting of weekend days and they have been expanded to include sunrise, sunset and solar noon times.

Added the processing code adapted from the halo-reader package (halo-reader-morrison-fork.zip)

Added the dataset production code (paris-harmonised-dwl-morrison-fork.zip)


 
description: COPYRIGHT NOTICE

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CREATOR NOTICE

This work is owned by the Authors.

ATTRIBUTION NOTICE

Funding for the data processing and harmonization was provided by the European Commission for the “Carbon Atmospheric Tracer Research to Improve Numerics and Evaluation (CATRINE)” project (grant agreement No 101135000); DWL operation and data collection was funded by ERC “urbisphere - coupling dynamic cities and climate” (grant agreement 855005), by ATMO-ACCESS (grant agreement 101008004, ATMO-TNA-3—0000000125) and by the European Commission through the project “Pilot Application in Urban Landscapes - Towards integrated city observatories for greenhouse gases” (grant agreement 101037319). Selected equipment was provided by the Atmospheric Measurement and Observation Facility (AMOF, UK Research and Innovation).

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