cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gmsbcc2kq
title: Data from: Fertility and mortality impacts of experimental heatwave conditions on different life stages and their reproductive recovery in a model insect

description: With climate change creating a more volatile atmosphere, heatwaves will
 become stronger and more frequent, influencing living systems. Using the
 flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we measure the impacts of experimental
 heatwaves on reproduction and survival across different insect life
 stages, and the extent and pace of any recovery. We exposed larvae, pupae,
 juvenile and mature adult male beetles to 5-day heatwaves at 40°C or 42°C,
 a few degrees above the 35°C optimum for this species’ population
 productivity, and then measured survival and reproduction.
 Heatwave-induced mortality was greatest among juvenile life stages. Male
 reproductive function was specifically damaged by heatwaves, especially if
 experienced through pupal or immature life stages when complete sterility
 was shown at reproductive maturity; larval exposure did not damage adult
 male fertility. Heatwaves impaired testis development and the production
 of viable sperm, with damage being strongest when experienced during pupal
 or juvenile adult stages. Despite this disruption, males recovered from
 heatwaves and, depending on the stage of exposure, testis size, sperm
 production and fertility returned to normal 15 to 28 days after exposure.
 Our experiments reveal how extreme weather could impact on insect survival
 and reproduction across different life stages, and the potential and
 timescales of recovery.
description:  Raw data, code and figures for analysis in R.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cjsxksn4k
title: Repolarization and contractility in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients

description: Aims: Arrhythmia mechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remain
 uncertain. Preclinical models suggest hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked
 mutations perturb sarcomere length-dependent activation, alter cardiac
 repolarization in rate-dependent fashion and potentiate triggered
 electrical activity. This study was designed to assess rate-dependence of
 clinical surrogates of contractility and repolarization in humans with
 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: All participants had a cardiac
 implantable device capable of atrial pacing. Cases had clinical diagnosis
 of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, controls were age-matched. Continuous
 electrocardiogram and blood pressure were recorded during and immediately
 after 30 second pacing trains delivered at increasing rates. Results: Nine
 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients and 10 controls were enrolled (47%
 female, median 55 years), with similar baseline QRS duration, QT interval
 and blood pressure. Median septal thickness in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
 patients was 18mm; 33% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients had peak
 sub-aortic velocity &gt;50mmHg. Ventricular ectopy occurred during or
 immediately after pacing trains in 4/9 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
 patients and 0/10 controls (P=0.03). At faster drive trains, hypertrophic
 cardiomyopathy patients showed a non-significant trend towards a shallower
 QT-RR slope than controls. After normalization to the preceding pacing
 train QT interval, the normalized QT interval of the first post-pause
 recovery beat after pacing trains was similar between cohorts. No
 statistically significant differences were seen in surrogate measures for
 cardiac contractility. Conclusion: Rapid pacing trains triggered
 ventricular ectopy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, but not
 controls. This finding aligns with pre-clinical descriptions of excessive
 cardiomyocyte calcium loading during rapid pacing, increased post-pause
 sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release, and subsequent calcium-triggered
 activity. Normal contractility at all diastolic intervals argues against
 clinical significance of altered length-dependent myofilament activation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn07j
title: Negative trait-based association between abundance of nitrogen fixing trees and long-term tropical forest biomass accumulation

description: 1. Plant functional traits are thought to drive biomass production and
 biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests, but it remains unclear how
 nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes influence the functional traits of neighboring
 trees and forest-wide biomass dynamics. Further, the degree to which
 effects of N-fixers are density-dependent and may depend on stem size and
 spatial scale remain largely unknown. 2. Here, we examine 30-years of stem
 demography data for ~20,000 trees in a lowland tropical forest in Trinidad
 that span a wide range of functional traits thought to drive aboveground
 biomass (AGB) dynamics. 3. These forests show positive but decreasing
 long-term net AGB accumulation resulting from constant average
 productivity but increasing mortality of non-fixing trees over time. We
 find that high abundance of N-fixing trees is associated with
 compositional shifts in non-fixer functional traits that confer lower
 competitive performance and biomass accumulation. Across tree size
 classes, most interactions between N-fixers and non-fixers were negative,
 density dependent, and strongest at smaller spatial scales. 4. Synthesis.
 Overall, our findings suggest that local trait-based interactions between
 N-fixing and non-fixing trees can influence long-term carbon accumulation
 in tropical forests.
DOI: 10.7280/d10111
title: The density effect in centroid estimation is blind to contrast polarity

description: Human vision is highly efficient in estimating the centroids of spatially
 scattered items. However, the processes underlying this remarkable skill
 remain poorly understood. A salient fact is that in estimating the
 centroids of dot-clouds, observers underweight densely packed dots
 relative to isolated dots; thus, when an observer estimates the centroid
 of a dot cloud, the weight exerted on the subject’s response by a given
 dot tends to be suppressed by other dots near it. The current experiment
 sought to determine whether dots of contrast polarity equal  vs.
 opposite to a given dot differ in how they alter the weight it exerts. Six
 observers were tested in a task that used brief (150 ms), Gaussian clouds
 that mixed 9 white and 9 black dots on a gray background. On each trial,
 the observer strove to mouse-click the centroid of the stimulus cloud
 weighting all dots equally. The model used to describe the results allows
 the weight exerted on the subject’s response by a given dot to depend on
 its peripherality in the stimulus cloud as well as on the density of same-
 and opposite-polarity dots surrounding it. For four observers, peripheral
 dots exerted lower influence than central dots on responses; the other two
 showed little effect of peripherality. For all observers, dots in
 high-density regions exerted less weight on responses than dots in
 low-density regions. Concerning the primary research question: dots of
 opposite vs. the same polarity as a given dot suppressed the weight it
 exerted with equal effectiveness. This suggests that the site of the
 interaction producing the density effect is a neural population that
 registers positive and negative contrast polarities in the same way.
description: See methods section of manuscript for details on data
 collection.  The data file is a MATLAB data file organized into
 structures.  There is a README text file included to explain each field of
 the structure.  
description: See the README.txt in zip file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dr7sqv9wr
title: Estimation of environmental, genetic and parental age at conception effects on telomere length in a wild mammal

description: Understanding individual variation in fitness-related traits requires
 separating the environmental and genetic determinants. Telomeres are
 protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that are thought to be a
 biomarker of senescence as their length predicts mortality risk and
 reflect the physiological consequences of environmental conditions. The
 relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual
 variation in telomere length is however unclear, yet important for
 understanding its evolutionary dynamics. In particular, the evidence for
 transgenerational effects, in terms of parental age at conception, on
 telomere length is mixed. Here, we investigate the heritability of
 telomere length, using the ‘animal model’, and parental age at conception
 effects on offspring telomere length in a wild population of European
 badgers (Meles meles). While we found no heritability of telomere length
 and low evolvability (&lt;0.001), our power to detect heritability was
 low and a repeatability of 2% across individual lifetimes provides a low
 upper limit to ordinary narrow-sense heritability. However, year (25%) and
 cohort (3%) explained greater proportions of the phenotypic variance in
 telomere length. There was no support for cross-sectional or
 within-individual parental age at conception effects on offspring telomere
 length. Our results indicate a lack of transgenerational effects through
 parental age at conception and a low potential for evolutionary change in
 telomere length in this population. Instead, we provide evidence that
 individual variation in telomere length is largely driven by environmental
 variation in this wild mammal.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.00000002j
title: Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America

description: Broad-scale quantitative assessments of biodiversity and the factors
 shaping it remain particularly poorly explored in insects. Here, we
 undertook a spatial phylogenetic analysis of North American butterflies
 via assembly of a time-calibrated phylogeny of the region coupled with a
 unique, complete range assessment for ~75% of the known species. We
 utilized a suite of phylodiversity metrics and associated environmental
 data to test whether climate stability and temperature gradients have
 shaped North American butterfly phylogenetic diversity and endemism. We
 also undertook the first direct, quantitative comparisons of spatial
 phylogenetic patterns between butterflies and flowering plants in North
 America. We expected concordance between butterflies and angiosperms based
 on both shared historical environmental drivers and presumed strong
 butterfly-host plant specializations. We instead found that biodiversity
 patterns in butterflies are strikingly different from flowering plants in
 some regions of the continent. In particular, the warm desert regions of
 the southwestern United States and Mexico showed surprisingly high
 butterfly phylogenetic diversity and endemism, in contrast to much lower
 values for angiosperms. Butterflies did not show patterns of phylogenetic
 clustering as found in flowering plants, suggesting differences in habitat
 conservation between the two groups. Finally, we found weak relationships
 and spatially structured biases in relative branching timing between
 angiosperms and butterflies. These results suggest that shared
 biogeographic histories and trophic associations do not necessarily assure
 similar diversity outcomes. The work has applied value in conservation
 planning, documenting warm deserts as an important North American
 butterfly biodiversity hotspot.
DOI: 10.25338/b8t92s
title: Recent bark beetle outbreaks influence wildfire severity in mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA

description: In temperate forests, elevated frequency of drought related disturbances
 will likely increase the incidence of interactions between disturbances
 such as bark beetle epidemics and wildfires. Our understanding of the
 influence of recent drought and insect-induced tree mortality on wildfire
 severity has largely lacked information from forests adapted to frequent
 fire. A recent unprecedented tree mortality event in California’s Sierra
 Nevada provides an opportunity to examine this disturbance interaction in
 historically frequent-fire forests. Using field data collected within
 areas of recent tree mortality that subsequently burned in wildfire, we
 examined whether and under what conditions wildfire severity relates to
 severity of pre-fire tree mortality in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer
 forests. We collected data on 180 plots within the 2015 Rough Fire and
 2016 Cedar Fire footprints. Our analyses identified pre-fire tree
 mortality as influential on all measures of wildfire severity (basal area
 killed by fire, RdNBR, and canopy torch) on the Cedar Fire, although it
 was less influential than fire weather (relative humidity). Pre-fire tree
 mortality was influential on two of three fire severity measures on the
 Rough Fire, and was the most important predictor of basal area killed by
 fire; topographic position was influential on two metrics. On the Cedar
 Fire, the influence of pre-fire mortality on basal area killed by fire was
 greater under milder weather conditions. All measures of fire severity
 increased as pre-fire mortality increased up to pre-fire mortality levels
 of approximately 30-40%; further increases did not result in greater fire
 severity. The interacting disturbances shifted a pine dominated system
 (Rough Fire) to a cedar/pine/fir system, while the pre-disturbance
 fir/cedar system (Cedar Fire) saw its dominant species unchanged. Managers
 of historically frequent-fire forests will benefit from utilizing this
 information when prioritizing fuels reduction treatments in areas of
 recent tree mortality, as it is the first empirical study to document a
 relationship between pre-fire mortality and subsequent wildfire severity
 in these systems. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence
 that the influence of pre-fire tree mortality on wildfire severity in
 temperate coniferous forests may depend on other conditions capable of
 driving extreme wildfire behavior, such as weather.
description: <strong>PlotData</strong> Plot
 level data for all plots sampled for this study.
 <strong>TreeData</strong> Data for
 all individual trees sampled for this study.
 <strong>Metadata</strong>
 Definitions for each column heading found in PlotData and
 TreeData.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ksn02v72r
title: Filter feeding, deviations from bilateral symmetry, developmental noise and heterochrony of hemichordate and cephalochordate gills

description: We measured gill slit fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of
 developmental noise, in adults of three invertebrate deuterostomes with
 different feeding modes: the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae (an
 obligate filter feeder), and the enteropneusts Protoglossus graveolens (a
 facultative filter feeder / deposit feeder) and Saccoglossus
 bromophenolosus (a deposit feeder). FA was substantially and significantly
 low in B. floridae and P. graveolens, and high in S. bromophenolosus. Our
 results suggest that the gills of species that have experienced a
 relaxation of the filter feeding trait exhibit elevated FA. We found that
 the timing of development of the secondary collagenous gill bars, compared
 to the primary gill bars, was highly variable in P. graveolens but not the
 other two species, demonstrating an independence of gill FA from gill bar
 heterochrony. We also discovered the occasional ectopic expression of a
 second set of paired gills posterior to the first set of gills in the
 enteropneusts, and that these were more common in S. bromophenolosus.
 Moreover, our finding that gill slits in enteropneusts exhibit bilateral
 symmetry suggests that the left-sidedness of larval cephalochordate gills,
 and the directional asymmetry of Cambrian stylophoran echinoderm fossil
 gills, evolved independently from a bilaterally symmetric ancestor.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5th1
title: Factors associated with patient satisfaction towards pharmacy services among out-patients attending public health clinics: Questionnaire development and its application

description: Introduction: Patient satisfaction is widely used to measure quality of
 healthcare by identifying potential areas for improvement. Aim of study is
 to assess patient satisfaction towards pharmacy services and its
 associated factors using newly developed questionnaire among outpatients
 attending public health clinics.   Materials and
 Methods: Public Health Clinic Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PHC-PSQ)
 towards pharmacy services was developed using exploratory factor analysis
 and Cronbach’s α.  A cross-sectional study was conducted among
 400 patients visiting the pharmacy in three randomly selected public
 health clinics recruited via systematic random sampling. Data was
 collected using a set of questionnaire including PHC-PSQ. Factors
 associated with patient satisfaction was analysed using multiple linear
 regression. Results: Final PHC-PSQ consisted of three domains
 (administrative competency, technical competency and convenience of
 location) and 22 items with 69.9% total variance explained.
 Cronbach's α for total items was 0.96. Total mean score for patient
 satisfaction was 7.56 (SD 1.32). Older age and higher education were
 associated with lower patient satisfaction mean score. Patients who had
 visited the pharmacy more than once in the past three months, perceived to
 be in better health status and had a more correct general knowledge of
 pharmacists expressed higher patient satisfaction mean score. Conclusions:
 PHC-PSQ is a newly developed tool to measure patient satisfaction towards
 pharmacy services in public health clinics in Malaysia. Patient
 satisfaction was relatively high. Age, education, frequency of visit,
 self-perceived health status and general knowledge of pharmacists were
 factors significantly associated with patient satisfaction.
description: Public Health Clinic
 Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PHC-PSQ) towards pharmacy services was
 developed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s α.  A
 cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 patients vivitng the
 pharmacy in three randomly selected public health clinics recruited via
 systematic random sampling. Data was collected using a set of
 questionnaire including PHC-PSQ. Factors associated with patient
 satisfaction was analysed using multiple linear regression.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3xsj3txf4
title: Dataset of a comparative study on phosphate removal from water using phragmites australis biochars loaded with different metal oxides

description: Metal oxide loaded biochars are a promising material to remove phosphate
 from polluted water to ultra-low concentrations. To facilitate preparing
 the metal oxide loaded biochar with the best phosphate adsorption
 performance, five biochars loaded with Al, Ca, Fe, La and Mg oxides
 respectively (Al-BC, Ca-BC, Fe-BC, La-BC and Mg-BC) were produced using
 phragmites australis pretreated with 0.1 mol AlCl3, CaCl2, FeCl3, LaCl3
 and MgCl2 respectively, characterised, and phosphate adsorption kinetics
 and isotherms of the biochars were determined. The maximum phosphate
 adsorption capacities (Qm) of the biochars ranked as Al-BC (219.87
 mg/g)&gt;Mg-BC (112.45 mg/g)&gt;Ca-BC (81.46 mg/g)&gt;Fe-BC
 (46.61 mg/g)&gt;La-BC (38.93 mg/g). The time to reach the adsorption
 equilibrium ranked as La-BC (1 h)&lt;Ca-BC (12 h)&lt;Mg-BC (24
 h)=Fe-BC (24 h)&lt;Al-BC (&gt;72 h). Qm of Ca-BC, Fe-BC, La-BC and
 Mg-BC depend on the molar content of metals in the biochars. The small
 phosphate adsorption rate of Al-BC is due to the slow intra-particle
 diffusion of phosphate attributed to the undeveloped porosity and
 dispersed distribution of AlOOH crystals on the Al-BC surface. Mg-BC is
 suggested for phosphate removal from water considering adsorption rate and
 capacity. Al-BC is applicable when long contact time is allowed, e.g., as
 a capping material to immobilize phosphate in lake sediments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gtqd
title: Novel associations of BST1 and LAMP3 with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: supplementary data

description: Objective: To examine the role of genes identified through genome-wide
 association studies (GWASs) of Parkinson disease (PD) in the risk of
 isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Methods:
 We fully sequenced 25 genes previously identified in GWASs of PD, in a
 total of 1,039 iRBD patients and 1,852 controls. The role of rare
 heterozygous variants in these genes was examined using burden tests. The
 contribution of biallelic variants was further tested. To examine the
 potential impact of rare nonsynonymous BST1 variants on the protein
 structure, we performed in silico structural analysis. Finally, we
 examined the association of common variants using logistic regression
 adjusted for age and sex. Results: We found an association between rare
 heterozygous nonsynonymous variants in BST1 and iRBD (p=0.0003 at coverage
 &gt;50X and 0.0004 at &gt;30X), mainly driven by three
 nonsynonymous variants (p.V85M, p.I101V and p.V272M) found in 22 (1.2%)
 controls vs. two (0.2%) patients. All three variants seem to be
 loss-of-function variants with a potential effect on the protein structure
 and stability. Rare non-coding heterozygous variants in LAMP3 were also
 associated with iRBD (p=0.0006 at &gt;30X). We found no association
 between rare heterozygous variants in the rest of genes and iRBD. Several
 carriers of biallelic variants were identified, yet there was no
 overrepresentation in iRBD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that rare
 coding variants in BST1 and rare non-coding variants in LAMP3 are
 associated with iRBD. Additional studies are required to replicate these
 results and examine whether loss-of-function of BST1 could be a
 therapeutic target.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhbq
title: Disentangling the roles of bottom-up and top-down drivers in the trade-off between food acquisition and safety in prey with multiple predators

description: 1. Prey face a trade-off between acquiring food and avoiding predation,
 but food availability, and therefore its effect, is rarely measured in
 field studies investigating non-lethal effects of predation. The main aim
 of this study is to investigate the role of the presence of predators in
 the functional adjustments of feeding parameters with patch quality in a
 medium-size herbivore. 2. In Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe), we set up an
 experiment by manipulating, over two years, patch quality for impala
 (Aepyceros melampus), a medium-sized herbivore. We assess predation risk
 by monitoring the presence of three GPS-equipped predators: African lions
 (Panthera leo), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) and African wild dogs
 (Lycaon pictus). 3. In enriched, fertilised plots the impalas reduced step
 rates (i.e. the rates of change in feeding stations), and increased their
 number of bites per feeding station while bite rates were not affected.
 Thus, the main adjustment of their feeding was the step rate. The total
 time the impalas spent vigilant appeared to be a good predictor of the
 variation of their bite rate. Although vigilance caused a reduction in
 bite rate when at a feeding station, the impalas reduced the relative
 costs of vigilance by continuing chewing and processing their food when
 scanning for predators. 4. When predators were in the vicinity, the
 impalas increased their exclusive vigilance (high-cost vigilance) but not
 their vigilance while chewing (low-cost vigilance) and decreased their
 bite rate while their step rate and the number of bites per feeding
 station did not change significantly. The impalas were thus visually
 disconnected from their patch, and reduced their bite rate when actually
 foraging. Exclusive vigilance increased when both lions and hyaenas were
 in the vicinity, and when wild dogs were nearby. 5. Patterns of vigilance
 that altered bite rate were linked to the presence of predators during the
 previous 24h. Over the long term patch quality was the main determinant of
 the feeding parameters (step rate and bite rate). This study shows how
 predators, by affecting the time prey devote to predator detection, shape
 the functional adjustments of food acquisition by prey to local patch
 quality.