DOI: 10.18710/wlvn2t
title: Replication data for: Is culture related to strong science? An empirical investigation

description: &lt;p&gt;This is the supplementary data for an article published in Journal of Informetrics. The abstract of article follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this study, we investigated the associations of two national culture models with citation impact of nations (measured by the proportion of papers belonging to the 10% and 1% most cited papers in the corresponding fields, PPtop 10% and PPtop 1%). 
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&lt;p&gt;Bivariate statistical analyses showed that of six Hofstede’s national culture dimensions (HNCD), uncertainty avoidance and power distance had a statistically significant negative association, while individualism and indulgence had a statistically significant positive association with both citation impact indicators (PPtop 10% and PPtop 1%).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The study also revealed that of two Inglehart-Welzel cultural values (IWCV), the value survival versus self-expression is statistically significantly related to both citation impact indicators (PPtop 10% and PPtop 1%). We additionally calculated multiple regression analyses controlling for the possible effects of confounding factors including national self-citations, international co-authorships, investments in research and development, international migrant stock, number of researchers of each nation, language, and productivity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The results revealed that the statistically significant associations of HNCD with citation impact indicators disappeared. But the statistically significant relationship between survivals versus self-expression values and both citation impact indicators remained stable even after controlling for the confounding variables. Thus, the freedom of expression and trust in society might contribute to better scholarly communication systems, higher level of international collaborations, and further quality research.&lt;/p&gt;
description: SPSS, 26
description: STATA, 16.0
description: Culture datasets:
HNCD dataset: The nation-level scores of six cultural dimensions of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientations. Hofstede’s website, https://geerthofstede.com/research-and-vsm/dimension-data-matrix/
IWCV dataset The nation-level scores of two cultural dimensions of traditional vs. secular-rational values, and survival vs. self-expression values. World Values Survey website, https://web.archive.org/web/20131019112321/http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs/articles/folder_published/article_base_54/files/ValueScores_5_waves.doc
Citation impact
PPtop 10%: The national proportions of papers (articles and reviews published in 2006 and 2010) which belongs to the 10% most frequently cited papers within their subject categories and publication years. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)
PPtop 1%: The national proportions of papers (articles and reviews published in 2006 and 2010) which belongs to the 1% most frequently cited papers within their subject categories and publication years. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics).
Control variables
R&D investment: Share of investments in research and development (% GDP) World Bank.
Number of researchers: Number of researchers (per million inhabitants) UNESCO Institute for Statistics, access via World Bank, (indicator code: SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6).
Migrant share of nations: International migrant stock (% of population) World Bank, World development indicators, indicator code: SM.POP.TOTL.ZS.
Co-authorship: Proportions of co-authored papers of a nation with international researchers. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics).
Self-citation: Proportions of self-citation of nations that is the percentage of published papers of nations citing another publication of the same nation. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)
Language: a binary variable (whether or not English is the official language in the country)
Productivity: National number of papers. The data were exported from the Max Planck Society’s in-house database which is based on the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)