cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.755ssn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 14601 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 {
 "or" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-135.27228 59.66998,-135.47382 59.19691,-135.11621 58.40254,-135.77426 58.43723,-136.79207 58.9465,-136.04445 58.41923,-136.839 58.27457,-134.83942 56.20431,-132.82154 54.68134,-132.06182 54.67127,-131.35475 54.88688,-131.04666 54.41783,-130.52776 54.73738,-129.9943 55.33056,-130.23986 55.7474,-129.91652 56.06404,-130.83229 56.42273,-131.76057 56.68328,-132.53507 57.55291,-133.89904 58.82752,-134.86219 59.33413,-135.27228 59.66998))",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-139.63152 59.53267,-138.59368 59.17809,-137.47457 59.20373,-138.66092 59.87973,-139.01045 60.00743,-139.50891 60.00743,-139.63152 59.53267))"
 ]
 },
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 14601 records were derived from 545 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008996-240906103802322/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8mr5bb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1294 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Eugenia pluriflora DC."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1294 records from 115 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0161617-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5fbrqe
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Speonomus normandi hydrophilus (Jeannel, 1907)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0302151-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.grghrs
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Anthopleura hermaphroditica (Carlgren, 1899)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-150615163101818/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.swzyug
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Epidendrum schmidtchenii Hágsater & E.Santiago"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0161618-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2p9ny6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 330 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Machine Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Occurrence evidence",
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation"
 ]
 },
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Turdus feae (Salvadori, 1887)",
 "Year 1972-2022"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 330 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0310741-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fuhmbw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3868 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Aegithalos iouschistos (Blyth, 1845)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3868 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050045-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fv9ccx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 449 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pinus aristata Engelm."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 449 records from 50 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-160311141623029/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n6wtgw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 22 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Espeletia insignis Cuatrec."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 22 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0161619-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9brh3f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1127019 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Europe",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1127019 records from 64 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034497-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yg4q4b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Lipinia vulcania Girard, 1858"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0075933-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.buimfb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1004 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1004 records from 55 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-160623103540712/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.98t4km
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 2 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Adesmia microphylla Hook. & Arn."
 ]
}

 The dataset's 2 records were derived from 28 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002483-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.edgnwq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 383 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Lepidophyma gaigeae Mosauer, 1936"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 383 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0075945-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.id0fxw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 351 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Basiliscus basiliscus (Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-92.04 -4.53,-92.04 12.89,-64.49 12.89,-64.49 -4.53,-92.04 -4.53))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 351 records from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r5zgtv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 872 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mexico",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-119.66264 14.37460,-75.37174 14.37460,-75.37174 32.29436,-119.66264 32.29436,-119.66264 14.37460))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "Year 2012-2023"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 872 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0161620-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rg2dx2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 255669 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 255669 records from 871 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004708-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xa4fcb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1361 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Campanula uniflora L.",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1361 records from 37 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-170714134226665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9ebrge
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 104 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((25.76878 33.71723,42.64469 33.71723,42.64469 42.28942,25.76878 42.28942,25.76878 33.71723))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 104 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0075950-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d9v2v6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3103 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3103 records from 98 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0282796-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vd6f4d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 655 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is MANAGED"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is not null"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "OccurrenceStatus" : [
 "is not null"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 655 records from 22 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050050-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wbxkod
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 35 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hartert, 1896",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 35 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-170826194755519/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s7nwcr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 813 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Deleornis axillaris (Reichenow, 1893)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 813 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0293829-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2ngnka
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3221 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Pericrocotus erythropygius (Jerdon, 1840)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3221 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050091-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hixdsf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3049 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "Country is France",
 "Country is Spain",
 "Country is Switzerland",
 "Country is Austria",
 "Country is Italy",
 "Country is Andorra"
 ]
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 "Issue is Zero coordinate",
 "Issue is Coordinate out of range",
 "Issue is Coordinate invalid",
 "Issue is Coordinate rounded",
 "Issue is Geodetic datum invalid",
 "Issue is Geodetic datum assumed WGS84",
 "Issue is Coordinate reprojected",
 "Issue is Coordinate reprojection failed",
 "Issue is Coordinate reprojection suspicious",
 "Issue is Coordinate accuracy invalid",
 "Issue is Coordinate precision invalid",
 "Issue is Coordinate uncertainty meters invalid",
 "Issue is Coordinate precision/uncertainty mismatch",
 "Issue is Country coordinate mismatch",
 "Issue is Country mismatch",
 "Issue is Country derived from coordinates",
 "Issue is Continent country mismatch",
 "Issue is Continent invalid",
 "Issue is Continent derived from coordinates",
 "Issue is Presumed negated longitude",
 "Issue is Presumed negated latitude",
 "Issue is Recorded date mismatch",
 "Issue is Recorded date invalid",
 "Issue is Recorded date unlikely",
 "Issue is Taxon match fuzzy",
 "Issue is Taxon match higher rank",
 "Issue is Taxon match none",
 "Issue is Depth not metric",
 "Issue is Depth unlikely",
 "Issue is Depth min max swapped",
 "Issue is Depth non numeric",
 "Issue is Elevation unlikely",
 "Issue is Elevation min max swapped",
 "Issue is Elevation not metric",
 "Issue is Elevation non numeric",
 "Issue is Modified date invalid",
 "Issue is Modified date unlikely",
 "Issue is Identified date unlikely",
 "Issue is Identified date invalid",
 "Issue is Basis of record invalid",
 "Issue is Type status invalid",
 "Issue is Multimedia date invalid",
 "Issue is Multimedia URI invalid",
 "Issue is References URI invalid",
 "Issue is Error during interpretation",
 "Issue is Individual count invalid"
 ]
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-4.082301594982653 40.008053340132584,13.627659342517347 40.008053340132584,13.627659342517347 49.060787715132584,-4.082301594982653 49.060787715132584,-4.082301594982653 40.008053340132584))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Primula hirsuta All.",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3049 records from 33 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009029-171219132708484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zv3k7f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 57 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Cyanomitra bannermani Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1943"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 57 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0293821-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uws5zn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2456 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Gracula ptilogenys Blyth, 1846"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2456 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050085-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zvsqym
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 369 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & M.Caball."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 369 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009030-160311141623029/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dgm62z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 124909 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 {
 "or" : [
 "Continent is North America",
 "Continent is South America"
 ]
 },
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Piper L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 124909 records from 130 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0310326-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rarfgv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 68 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Crotalaria pallida",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 68 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031140-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x7m87e
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Crotalaria pallida",
 "Country is Solomon Islands",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031141-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2dhmj2
title: CCDC 2219554: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Andres R. Gomez-Angel, Hanna F. Klein, Stephen Y. Yao, James R. Donald, James D. Firth, Rebecca Appiani, Cameron J. Palmer, Joshua Lincoln, Simon C. C. Lucas, Lucia Fusani, R. Ian Storer, Peter O’Brien|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|147|29292|doi:10.1021/jacs.5c08786
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2dhmk3
title: CCDC 2219555: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Andres R. Gomez-Angel, Hanna F. Klein, Stephen Y. Yao, James R. Donald, James D. Firth, Rebecca Appiani, Cameron J. Palmer, Joshua Lincoln, Simon C. C. Lucas, Lucia Fusani, R. Ian Storer, Peter O’Brien|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|147|29292|doi:10.1021/jacs.5c08786
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qvnv8a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1690 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Crotalaria pallida",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1690 records from 37 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031142-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2dhml4
title: CCDC 2219556: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Andres R. Gomez-Angel, Hanna F. Klein, Stephen Y. Yao, James R. Donald, James D. Firth, Rebecca Appiani, Cameron J. Palmer, Joshua Lincoln, Simon C. C. Lucas, Lucia Fusani, R. Ian Storer, Peter O’Brien|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|147|29292|doi:10.1021/jacs.5c08786
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.