DOI: 10.5061/dryad.23j6t
title: Data from: Adult frogs and tadpoles have different macroevolutionary patterns across the Australian continent

description: Developmental changes through an animal’s life are generally understood to
 contribute to the resulting adult morphology. A possible exception are
 species with complex life cycles, where individuals pass through distinct
 ecological and morphological life stages during their ontogeny, ending
 with metamorphosis to the adult form. Antagonistic selection is expected
 to drive low genetic correlations between life stages, theoretically
 permitting stages to evolve independently. Using the Australian frog
 radiation, we examine the evolutionary consequences on morphological
 evolution when life stages are under different selective pressures. We use
 morphometrics to characterise body shape of tadpoles and adults across 166
 species of frog and investigate similarities in the two resulting
 morphological spaces (morphospaces) to test for concerted evolution across
 metamorphosis in trait variation during speciation. A clear pattern
 emerges: Australian frogs and their tadpoles are evolving independently;
 their drastically different morphospaces and contrasting estimated
 evolutionary histories of body shape diversification indicate that
 different processes are driving morphological diversification at each
 stage. Tadpole morphospace is characterised by rampant homoplasy,
 convergent evolution and high lineage density; the adult morphospace by
 contrast shows greater phylogenetic signal, low lineage density and
 divergent evolution between the main clades. Our results provide insight
 into the macroevolutionary consequences of a biphasic life cycle.
description: R codeR code to perform all
 the analysesSupplementary data file
 1Adult body shape data
 for 166 species. Linear measurements for characterizing the body shape of
 adult frogs. 1 SVL From tip of the snout to posterior tip of the urostyle
 2 Head_l From tip of snout to angle of jaw 3 Head_width Width of head
 right behind the eyes 4 Eye_naris From anterior corner of eye to posterior
 edge of naris 5 Interorbital Distance between anterior corners of eyes 6
 Internarial Distance between inner edges of nares 7 Naris_Snout Distance
 between anterior edge of naris and tip of the snout 8 Eye_l Distance
 between corners of eye (anterior to posterior) 9 Mouth_width Width of the
 head right between corners of the mouth 10 Humerus_l Distance between
 midpart of the pectoral girdle and elbow 11 Forearm_l Distance between
 elbow and wrist 12 Wrist_width Width of the wrist on its widest point 13
 Hand_l Distance between the midpart of the wrist and the tip of the 3rd
 finger 14 Thumb Thumb length 15 Finger_4 4th finger length 16 Femur_l
 Distance between the midpart of the urostyle and the knee 17 Femur_width
 Maximum width of the femur (midpart) 18 Tibial_l Knee to heel
 (tibiofibular) 19 Tibial_width Maximum width of the tibia (midpart) 20
 Foot_l_toe_1 Distance from base of 1st toe to tip of 4th toe 21
 Foot_l_total Distance from heel to tip of 4th toe 22 Toe_1 Length of 1st
 toe (from tip to join between 1st and 2nd toe) 23 Toe_5 Length of 5th toe
 (from tip to join between 4th and 5th toe)Supplementary data file
 2Tadpole body shape data
 for 166 species. Landmarks and semilandmarks for characterizing the body
 shape of tadpoles. 1 Centre of the eye 2 Centre of the external nares 3
 Point where the upper labium contacts the head/body 4 Point where the
 lower labium contacts the head/body 5 Intersection of the head/body and
 tail on the ventral side, anterior to the vent 6 Intersection of the
 ventral edge if the tail muscle and the head/body 7 Intersection of the
 dorsal edge if the tail muscle and the head/body 8 Tip of the tail 9 Point
 on the dorsal fin closest to landmark 7 (superficially denotes the
 intersection of the head/body and tail regions) 10 to 17 Equally-spaced
 semilandmarks marking the curve of the dorsal aspect of the head/body when
 viewed laterally 18 to 27 Equally-spaced semilandmarks marking the curve
 of the dorsal aspect of the tail fin when viewed laterally 28 to 37
 Equally-spaced semilandmarks marking the curve of the ventral aspect of
 the tail fin when viewed laterally 38-45 Equally-spaced semilandmarks
 marking the curve of the ventral aspect of the head/body when viewed
 laterally 46 to 55 Equally-spaced semilandmarks marking the curve of the
 notochordSupplementary data file
 3Tadpole body size data.
 Centroid size of tadpoles.Supplementary data file
 4Phylogenetic tree of 166
 speciesSupplementary data file
 5Classifier file with
 meta information for all 166 species in this study