cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/xkjr3x
title: Highly Skilled and Educated Immigrants (HSE)

description: HIGHLY SKILLED AND EDUCATED VENEZUELAN IMMIGRANTS (HSE)

The Project “International Migration of Talent and Highly Skilled and Educated to the U.S.” began in 2010 under the direction of Douglas Massey and Magaly Sanchez R, with funding from the MacArthur Foundation and Princeton University. Known in abbreviated form as the Highly Skilled and Educated (HSE) Immigrants Project, it was organized as a sub-project of the Latin American Migration Project (LAMP). Its design included two separate data collection efforts: the application of the LAMP’s ethnosurvey questionnaire to a selected sample of Venezuelan immigrants and in-depth interviews conducted with a sizeable number of HSE immigrants from Venezuela.
The first data collection effort used a snowball sampling strategy and applied an adjusted ethnosurvey schedule to Venezuelan immigrants located in areas of Venezuelan settlement throughout the United States. Respondents were screened and selected based on their high levels of skill and education. 
After the ethnosurveys were completed, a second phase of in-depth interviewing began. The interview guide sought immigrant’s views on the causes that motivated their departures, their perceived competitiveness in international markets and foreign workplaces, their relative integration into the host society, the degree of social and economic mobility they had experienced, and the extent to which their diverse cultural knowledge was valued and appreciated by others.

Public Use Data : Quantitative Data from the Ethnosurvey
All data made public here has been fully anonymized prior to submission to the Harvardata server.

The quantitative Venezuelan databases were drawn from the ethnosurveys and contain an initial file with general demographic and migratory information for each member of the household (PERS). More detailed information on the migratory experience of each migrant household head is included in a second file (MIG), while more general characteristics of the household, its members, and its holdings are found in a third file (HOUSE). Detailed labor and family life histories were compiled for each household head and spouse, and these provide the basis for the two final files in which the units are person-years (LIFE and SPOUSE).
Please note that four appendices are provided: B - places, C - states, D - occupation and E -calculation of total international experience. There is no Appendix A for this study. 

Qualitative Data from in-depth Interviews will be released a posteriori and after a fully detail and anonymized process.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cfxpnvx47
title: Retrotransposon-based genetic diversity of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. from King George Island (Maritime Antarctic)

description: Deschampsia antarctica Desv. can be found in diverse Antarctic habitats
 which may vary considerably in terms of environmental conditions and soil
 properties. As a result, the species is characterized by wide ecotypic
 variation in terms of both morphological and anatomical traits. The
 species is a unique example of an organism that can successfully colonize
 inhospitable regions due to its phenomenal ability to adapt to both the
 local mosaic of microhabitats and to general climatic fluctuations. For
 this reason, D. antarctica has been widely investigated in studies
 analyzing morphophysiological and biochemical responses to various abiotic
 stresses (frost, drought, salinity, increased UV radiation). However,
 there is little evidence to indicate whether the observed polymorphism is
 accompanied by the corresponding genetic variation. In the present study,
 retrotransposon-based iPBS markers were used to trace the genetic
 variation of D. antarctica collected in nine sites of the Arctowski oasis
 on King George Island (Western Antarctic). The genotyping of 165
 individuals from nine populations with seven iPBS primers revealed 125
 amplification products, 15 of which (12%) were polymorphic, with an
 average of 5.6% polymorphic fragments per population. Only one of the
 polymorphic fragments, observed in population 6, was represented as a
 private band. The analyzed specimens were characterized by low genetic
 diversity (uHe = 0.021, I = 0.030) and high population differentiation
 (FST = 0.4874). An analysis of Fu’s FS statistics and mismatch
 distribution in  most populations (excluding population 2, 6 and
 9) revealed demographic/spatial expansion, whereas significant traces of
 reduction in effective population size were found in three populations (1,
 3 and 5). The iPBS markers revealed genetic polymorphism of D. antarctica,
 which could be attributed to the mobilization of random transposable
 elements, unique features of reproductive biology, and/or geographic
 location of the examined populations.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.akkexy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 11714 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((91.76635961637629 25.80989695984072,93.98512897075588 25.80989695984072,93.98512897075588 28.028666314220295,91.76635961637629 28.028666314220295,91.76635961637629 25.80989695984072))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Plantae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 11714 records from 75 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002674-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzbb
title: The role of deterministic succession during forest succession within a South African savanna

description: Bush encroachment can lead to a switch from open savannas to dense
 woodlands or forests. This has implications for both the composition of
 ecological communities and the provision of ecosystem services such as
 nutrient cycling and grazing capacity. The patterns and underlying drivers
 responsible for bush encroachment are not fully understood. Here, we
 investigate the underlying determinants of bush clump formation (a form of
 encroachment) in a South African savanna and explore whether bush clump
 succession is driven by deterministic (i.e. predictable changes in species
 composition) or stochastic (i.e. random) processes. Specifically, we test
 (1) whether the similarity in species composition of saplings and trees
 differs among small and large clumps, (2) which environmental factors are
 driving succession, and (3) if forest specialisation of tree and sapling
 species within bush clumps increases with the successional gradient.
 Similarity in species composition between saplings in small clumps and
 trees in large clumps was higher than similarity between trees in small
 clumps and trees in large clumps. Furthermore, temperature, soil moisture,
 relative humidity and light intensity were related to changes in species
 composition along the successional gradient. As expected, forest
 specialisation of trees increased with increasing clump area indicating
 that late-successional bush clumps have more forest-type species. The
 directional changes of species found along the successional gradient
 suggest a deterministic process of succession driven by changes in local
 environmental conditions during clump formation. 
description: This dataset provides information pertaining to information
 collected for the analyses in Jamison-Daniels et al. (2021) The role of
 deterministic succession during forest succession within a South African
 savanna. In particular, the dataset contains collected data pertaining to
 40 bush clumps that were sampled in Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve,
 South Africa. The dataset includes the prosesed data that was used for
 statsistical purposes e.g. the area of the bush clumps
 surveyed, environmnetal variable information (and statistics), as well as
 the caluclated proportions of forest and pioneer species within the bush
 clumps.  Please refer to the
 Jamison-Daniels_et_al_2021_README.txt and
 Jamison-Daniels_et_al_2021_Meatdata. xlsx files for further information on
 methods and presnetation of data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79gx
title: Neisseria cinerea 346T whole genome sequence

description: Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS) are widespread in bacteria and can
 dictate the development and organisation of polymicrobial ecosystems by
 mediating contact dependent killing. In Neisseria species,
 including Neisseria cinerea a commensal of the human respiratory tract,
 interbacterial contacts are mediated by Type four pili (Tfp) which promote
 formation of aggregates and govern the spatial dynamics of growing
 Neisseria microcolonies. Here we show that N. cinerea expresses a
 plasmid-encoded T6SS that is active and can limit growth of
 related pathogens. We explored the impact of Tfp expression on N.
 cinerea T6SS-dependent killing and show that expression of Tfp by
 prey strains enhances their susceptibility to T6SS, by keeping
 them in close proximity of T6SS wielding attacker strains. Our findings
 have important implications for understanding how spatial
 constraints during contact-dependent antagonism can shape the evolution
 of microbial communities.
description: DNA Isolation and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)
 Genomic DNA was extracted using the Wizard Genomic Kit (Promega),
 and sequenced by PacBio (Earlham Institute, Norwich) using single-molecule
 real-time (SMRT) technology; reads were assembled de novo with HGAP3 (Chin
 et al., 2013).
description: The README file contains an explanation of how to open and edit
 the whole genome sequence .dna files. Upon further
 sequence analysis of the PacBio plasmid sequence file of Neisseria cinerea
 CCUG346T,  a duplicated region of approximately 16 kb in the plasmid
 sequence was identified.  Further analysis of genomic DNA from the isolate
 was performed using overlapping PCR and sequencing. As a result, a
 modified plasmid map was generated from the PacBio sequence to remove the
 duplicated region and eliminate 16507 bp from the original sequence file
 (125,648 bp) resulting in a plasmid sequence of 108,141 bp.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt34
title: Data from: Evolution of wing length and melanin-based coloration in insular populations of a cosmopolitan raptor

description: Aim. Insular populations face different conditions than those living on
 continents, thus resulting in the evolution of typical insular phenotypes,
 like smaller body sizes or reduced colourations. However, the generality
 of the so-called “island rule” has been questioned, and intraspecific
 analyses on the effects of insularity on cosmopolitan species are lacking.
 Here, we tested the predictions of the island rule in the cosmopolitan
 common barn owl group. Location. World. Taxon. Barn owl species complex.
 Methods. We compared wing and bill length, as well as melanin-based
 plumage traits, between thousands of insular and continental barn owls
 living in the Afro-Palearctic region (T. alba), in the Americas (T.
 furcata), and in Australasia (T. javanica). We also tested whether the
 difference between insular and continental populations in these phenotypic
 traits varies among islands/archipelagos of different size and isolation.
 Results. In all the regions, we found differences between insular and
 continental owls in all the traits but bill length, with insular
 populations convergently evolving shorter wings and paler colourations. In
 addition, the difference in wing size between insular and continental
 populations is particularly marked on small and remote island systems,
 while melanin-based traits are less expressed especially on large islands.
 Main conclusions. We thus provide unprecedented evidence that insular
 conditions drive predictable phenotypic variations, even at the
 intraspecific level in different biogeographic regions, possibly promoting
 speciation events. In addition, our results also indicate that selective
 advantages of a given colouration can arise as the by‐product of positive
 selection on individuals displaying phenotypic traits which can favour
 island colonization and are genetically linked to melanisation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5x69p8d1w
title: Data from: Elevation and leaf litter interact in determining the structure of ant communities on a tropical mountain

description: Tropical mountains encompass a wide range of environmental conditions and
 are useful models for studying drivers of community structure.
 Invertebrate species richness and abundance show various elevational
 patterns. However, the drivers of these differences are not well
 understood, although microhabitat complexity is potentially important. We
 studied ground-dwelling ants using pitfall trapping and hand collection on
 Mt. Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea) from 169 to 3,795 m a.s.l. We tested for
 the effects of elevation and leaf litter depth (as a measure of
 microhabitat complexity) on ant abundance, species richness and
 composition. We sampled 118 species, with ants present up to 2,331 m
 a.s.l. Species richness peaked at mid-elevation (~700 m), but the
 elevational pattern for abundance varied depending on sampling scale. Leaf
 litter depth negatively affected abundance once elevation had been
 accounted for, while elevation and litter depth had an interactive effect
 on species richness. Species richness was positively related to litter
 depth at lower elevations, but negatively above ~700 m. Species
 composition varied with elevation and less strongly with leaf litter
 depth. We speculate that in the lowlands, litter depth rather than
 temperature limits ant communities. At high elevations, the deeper litter
 decreases temperature of the litter layer, and temperature becomes
 limiting. At mid elevations, temperature is not yet too low, and litter is
 still relatively deep, hence generating a mid-elevation peak in ant
 richness. Our results may explain differing richness-elevation patterns of
 litter arthropods around the world, and provide testable predictions for
 future studies on this topic.
description: Data on the ground-dwelling ant communities and the associated
 environmental variables from Mt. Wilhelm Papua New Guinea.
 See the Metadata sheet in the xlsx data file for complete description of
 variables in datasheets. In addition, a complete R code for the study
 analyses and Figs is available in the second file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xksn02vf4
title: Altering transcription factor binding reveals comprehensive transcriptional kinetics of a basic gene

description: Transcription is a vital process activated by transcription factor (TF)
 binding. The active gene releases a burst of transcripts before turning
 inactive again. While the basic course of transcription is well
 understood, it is unclear how binding of a TF affects the frequency,
 duration and size of a transcriptional burst. We systematically varied the
 residence time and concentration of a synthetic TF and characterized the
 transcription of a synthetic reporter gene by combining single molecule
 imaging, single molecule RNA-FISH, live transcript visualisation and
 analysis with a novel algorithm, Burst Inference from mRNA Distributions
 (BIRD). For this well-defined system, we found that TF binding solely
 affected burst frequency and variations in TF residence time had a
 stronger influence than variations in concentration. This enabled us to
 device a model of gene transcription, in which TF binding triggers
 multiple successive steps before the gene transits to the active state and
 actual mRNA synthesis is decoupled from TF presence. We quantified all
 transition times of the TF and the gene, including the TF search time and
 the delay between TF binding and the onset of transcription. Our
 quantitative measurements and analysis revealed detailed kinetic insight,
 which may serve as basis for a bottom-up understanding of gene regulation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2jw
title: Dataset used in the paper: Photosynthetic heat tolerance in plants with different foliar water uptake strategies

description: Dataset used in the paper “Photosynthetic heat tolerance in plants with
 different foliar water uptake strategies”.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5hqbzkng
title: CT and 3D Data from: A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid ‘placoderm’ (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana

description: Leptodontichthys ziregensis is a newly described eubrachythoracid
 arthrodire from the Middle Devonian of Morocco. Only the posterior
 superognathal is preserved, it possesses features which were, so far, seen
 in Late Devonian forms. The jaw bone presents two sets of teeth, one
 lateral and one posterior, with dentinous tissue, pulp cavities and
 vascular canals preserved. The CT scans provided here are the ones used
 for the study. The complete jaw data was used for the overall study and
 the closeup data was used for the segmentation of the teeth. The ply data
 is provided to provide the information extracted by the authors during the
 study.
description: The dataset comprises of three .raw files containing the CT
 slices of the complete posterior superognathal of Leptodontichthys and a
 closeup of its lateral and posterior tooth rows. Each .raw file is
 accompagnied by a .xtekVolume text file with all the scan details,
 including the voxel sizes of x, y, and z, important for visualising the
 .raw file in segmentation software such as mimics or avizo. Ply files of
 the complete jaw and the inner structures of its teeth are available and
 can be opened in a freeware such as Meshlab. The 3D models (.ply files) of
 "Model_Leptodontichthys_Lateral row_dentinous tissue",
 "Model_Leptodontichthys_Lateral row_pulp cavities" and
 "Model_Leptodontichthys_Lateral row_vascular canals" are
 mirrored (vertically). See Readme.txt for additional
 information
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mkq0
title: Dissecting the in vivo dynamics of transcription locking due to positive supercoiling buildup

description: Positive supercoiling buildup (PSB) is a pervasive phenomenon in the
 transcriptional programs of Escherichia coli. After finding a range of
 Gyrase concentrations where the inverse of the transcription rate of a
 chromosome-integrated gene changes linearly with the inverse of Gyrase
 concentration, we apply a Line Weaver-Burk plot to dissect the expected in
 vivo transcription rate in absence of PSB. We validate the estimation by
 time-lapse microscopy of single-RNA production kinetics of the same gene
 when single-copy plasmid-borne, shown to be impervious to Gyrase
 inhibition. Next, we estimate the fraction of time in locked states and
 number of transcription events prior to locking, which we validate by
 measurements under Gyrase inhibition. Replacing the gene of interest by
 one with slower transcription rate decreases the fraction of time in
 locked states due to PSB. Finally, we combine data from both constructs to
 infer a range of possible transcription initiation locking kinetics in a
 chromosomal location, obtainable by tuning the transcription rate. We
 validate with measurements of transcription activity at different
 induction levels. This strategy for dissecting transcription initiation
 locking kinetics due to PSB can contribute to resolve the transcriptional
 programs of E. coli and in the engineering of synthetic genetic circuits.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj2c
title: Data for: Feedback between coevolution and epidemiology can help or hinder the maintenance of genetic variation in host-parasite models

description: Antagonistic coevolution has long been suggested to help maintain host
 genetic variation. While, ecological and epidemiological
 feedbacks are known to have important consequences on coevolutionary
 allele frequency dynamics, their effects on the maintenance of genetic
 variation remains poorly understood.Here, we extend our previous work on
 the maintenance of genetic variation in a classic matching-alleles
 coevolutionary model by exploring the effects of ecological and
 epidemiological feedbacks, where both allele frequencies and population
 sizes are allowed to vary over time.  We find that coevolution
 rarely maintains more host genetic variation than expected under neutral
 genetic drift alone.  When and if coevolution maintains or
 depletes genetic variation relative to neutral drift is
  determined, predominantly, by two factors: the deterministic
 stability of the Red Queen allele frequency cycles and the chance of
 allele fixation in the pathogen, as this results in directional selection
 and depletion of genetic variation in the host. Compared to purely
 coevolutionary models with constant host and pathogen population sizes,
 ecological and epidemiological feedbacks stabilize Red Queen cycles
 deterministically, but population fluctuations in the pathogen increase
 the rate of allele fixation in the pathogen, especially in epidemiological
 models.  Our results illustrate the importance of considering the
 ecological and epidemiological context in which coevolution occurs when
 examining the impact of Red Queen cycles on genetic variation.
description: C++ files, simulation results, and Mathematica notebooks with
 data analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bdf
title: Data from: Contrasting responses of nitrogen: phosphorus stoichiometry in plants and soils under grazing: a global meta-analysis

description: 1. Grazing by ungulate herbivores can greatly alter nitrogen ([N]) and
 phosphorus ([P]) concentrations in plants and soils. It is not clear,
 however, how grazing might affect N:P co-limitation in grasslands
 depending on soil N and P availability. 2. Here we selected 173
 peer-reviewed studies, which measured 12 key variables associated with
 changes in [N], [P] and N:P ratios (i.e. N:P stoichiometry) in soils and
 plants in the presence or absence of herbivore grazing. Subsequently, we
 addressed the magnitude and direction of grazing effects on these
 variables using a meta-analysis approach. 3. Grazing increased leaf [N]
 and [P] but decreased total and available soil [N] and [P]. Grazing also
 increased leaf N:P ratios while decreasing root and total soil N:P ratios.
 4. The response ratio (RR) of leaf N:P was negatively correlated with RR
 of plant-available soil [P] and positively correlated with RR of available
 soil N:P ratio (rather than with RR of total soil N:P). 5. Intensive
 grazing (e.g., heavy grazing or long-term grazing) had in general more
 positive effects on plant N:P stoichiometry and negative effects on soil
 N:P stoichiometry than light grazing. Responses of plant-soil N:P
 stoichiometry to grazing greatly varied depending on plant functional
 group identity, plant organizational level (i.e. species and community)
 and grassland type. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that
 understanding changes in available soil N:P stoichiometry (rather than
 total soil N:P) in response to grazing is crucial to predict nutrient
 co-limitation in grassland biomes. Our findings show that P is more
 important for plant growth than generally thought due to greater reduction
 of plant-available soil [P] under grazing. A better mechanistic
 understanding of the relationships between plant and available soil N:P
 stoichiometry under grazing will greatly help improve the sustainability
 of natural and semi-natural grassland ecosystems.