DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10706259
title: [IO Islamic 321] كلّيّات طغرا

description: Kulliyyât-i-Ṭughrâ

This manuscript is now IO Islamic 1586 in the India Office collections.

[metadata: Hermann Ethé, Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, 2 vols. (Oxford: India Office, 1903): volume 1, number 321 here with notations and hyperlinks].


Mullâ Ṭughrâ (Nos. 1586-1591).

1586

Kulliyyât-i-Ṭughrâ (كلّيّات طغرا).

A collection of works in verse and prose by Mullâ Ṭughrâ of Mashhad, who went to India towards the end of Jahângîr’s reign, was, under Shâhjahân, appointed munshî to prince Murâdbakhsh, in whose honour he wrote several of his refined prose-treatises, and spent the last years of his life in seclusion in Kashmîr, where he died somewhat before A.H. 1078 (A.D. 1667); comp. on his life and prose-works (his poetical works seem to be extant only in the present copy, besides the extracts given in the tadhkiras mentioned below), Bodleian Cat., Nos. 1389 and 1390; Rieu ii. pp. 742-744, 850b, and 875b; W. Pertsch, p. 24; Khulâṣat-alkalâm, No. 43 (col. 298 in the Bodleian Cat.); Khulâṣat-alafkâr, No. 161 (ib., col. 308), and Makhzan-algharâ’ib, No. 1470 (ib., col. 348).

Contents:

1.Sâḳînâma (ساقى نامه), a very long and extensive mathnawî, in imitation of Żuhûrî’s (see above, Nos. 1501 and 1506-1508), on fol. 1b, beginning:

زهى لطف سازندۀ آب و خاك

برقص آور سبز طاؤس تاك

2.Ta’rîf-i-Kashmîr (تعريف كشمير), another mathnawî, in imitation of Zulâlî (see above, Nos. 1494-1498), containing a poetical description of Kashmîr and evidently composed during his stay in that country towards the end of his life, on fol. 96b, beginning:

حكمت او در گشود غمكدۀ خاك را

پر گهر اشك ساخت حقّۀ افلاك را

The title of both these mathnawîs do not appear here, but a comparison with the extracts and additional remarks in the Khulâṣat-alkalâm (see above) has supplied them.

3.Muḳaṭṭa’ât, including fards, short mathnawîs, mukhammasât, a few ghazals, etc., on fol. 142b, beginning:

تبارك الله ازين بزم عشرت افروزى

كه عيش ميرسد از وى بچار حدّ جهان

4.Ghazals, in alphabetical order, except the first, on fol. 174b; beginning of the initial poem:

نميشد نو خط ديوان ما رشك گلستانى

زبسم الله بر سر گر نميزد شاخ ريحانى

Beginning of the first alphabetical ghazal:

تا نام تو سر دفتر معنيست رقم را

بر فرد بيان سجده ضرور است قلم را

Rubâ’iyyât, on fol. 300b, beginning:

يا رب بتنم شورش مستانه بده

وجدى زمئ عشق چو پيمانه بده

6.A rich collection of refined prose-writings in a very flowery style, which often entirely obliterates the real purpose of the treatise, on fol.311b; t consists of the following twenty-four risâlas (eighteen of theses together with Ṭughrâ’s letters and a commentary, have been printed at Cawnpore, 1871, under the title of رسائل طغرا):

I.Firdausiyyah (فردوسيّه), ‘the paradisaical,’ a description of Kashmîr (Rieu ii. p. 742, No. II; Bodleian Cat., No. 1; Cawnpore edition, No. 1), on fol. 311b, beginning: اى در طلب تو خانه بر دوش سحاب ... ثناى بهار پيرائى كه انگشت سبزه را بدانهاى شبنم الخ.

II.Tâj-almadâ’îḥ (تاج المدائح), ‘the crown of eulogies,’ in praise of prince Murâdbakhsh (Rieu, No. XI; Cawnpore edition, No. 10), on fol.317b, beginning: چو اين نسخه زيب لوائح شده ... سرخ روئئ قلم بنگارش ثنلى شهنشاهيست كه تاجداران گلشن را الخ.

III. Ilhâmiyyah (الهاميّه), ‘inspiration’ (Rieu, No. VII; Cawnpore edition, No. 2), a Ṣûfic treatise, on fol. 321a, beginning:در نزد محبّت همه جا خصل حكست ... لله الحمد كه نقش مرادم در پوست تختۀ تجرّد نشسته الخ.

IV.Mirât-alfutûḥ (مرآة الفتوح), ‘the mirror of victories,’ in praise of the conquest of Balkh and Badakhshân by prince Murâdbakhsh during the years A.H. 1055-1057 (A.D. 1645-1647) (Rieu, No. VI; Bodleian Cat., No. 2; Cawnpore edition, No.), on fol. 325a, beginning: يكه تازان ميدان تقرير از دولت ستايش الخ.

V.Tajalliyyât (تجلّيّات), ‘manifestations,’ another description of Kashmîr, with a eulogy upon Mîr Ḥusain Sabzwârî (Rieu, No. IX; Bodleian Cat., No. 3; Cawnpore edition, No. 13), on fol. 328a, beginning: كشمير بود فصل خزان عالم نور الخ.

VI. Kanz-alma’ânî (كنز المعانى), ‘the treasure of ideas,’ a eulogy on Shâh Shujâ’ (Rieu, No. X; Cawnpore edition, No. 6), on fol.331a, beginning: نفائس مخزن دهان جواهر حمد مكرميست الخ.

VII.Murtafi’ât (مرتفعات), ‘exalted matters.’ a description of a darbâr at Jahângîr’s court (Rieu, No. V; Bodleian Cat., No. 6; Cawnpore edition, No. 7), on fol. 332b, beginning: نوبهار آمد كه مقراض از پر بلبل كند الخ.

VIII. Majma’-algharâ’ib (مجمع الغرائب), ‘collection of wonders,’ a description of the lake Kamam (Rieu, No. IV; Bodleian Cat., No. 8; Cawnpore edition, No. 8), on fol. 334a, beginning:

چه نويسد (نويسم Rieu ) از وسعت درياچۀ كمم الخ.

IX.Mushâbahât-i-rabi’î (مشابهات ربيعى), ‘comparisons drawn from the spring, etc.,’ also styled مشابهات بديعى,’ wonderful comparisons’ (Rieu, No. XII; Bodleian Cat., No. 4; Cawnpore edition, No. 9), on fol. 335a, beginning: موسم آن شد كه مينا راگ هندى سر كند الخ.

X.Âhang-i-Bulbul (آهنگ بلبل), ‘the melody of the nightingale,’ otherwise styled Jûsh-i-Bulbul (جوش بلبل), ‘the ebullition of the nightingale,’ and also ديباچۀ معيار الادراك,’ preface to the standard of perception,’ in praise of Ḥâfiż’ dîwân (Rieu, No. I; Bodleian Cat., No. 9; Cawnpore edition, No 5), on fol. 336b, beginning:الخ ( پيشرو ساز سخن ترانۀ حمد صانعيست (خالقست Rieu.

XI.Taḥḳîḳât (تحقيقات), ‘verifications or poetical applications of the names of the planets’ (Rieu, No. III; Bodleian Cat., No. 7; Cawnpore edition, No. 3), on fol. 337b, beginning:از بس غلط است حرف قاموس فلك الخ.

XII. Ta’dâd-alnawâdir (تعداد النّوادر), ‘the enumeration of strange things,’ a description of eight stages on the road to Kashmîr (Rieu, No. XXII; Cawnpore edition, No. 11), on fol.338b, beginning: در تيره زمين هند دلگير شدم الخ.

XIII.Ćashma-i-Faiḍ (چشمۀ فيض ), ‘the source of overflow,’ addresses to the monarch, with a description of Muḥammad’s ascension to heaven (Rieu, No. XXIX; Cawnpore edition, No. 17), on fol. 339b, beginning: اى ملك وجود بر درت ماوائى ... حمد اكبر پادشاهى كه نور ذاتش در هر جانب الخ.

XIV.Julûsiyyah (جلوسيّه), ‘eulogy on the accession,’ viz. of the emperor ‘Âlamgîr (Rieu, No. XXIV; Cawnpore edition, No. 16), on fol. 351b, beginning: اى كوكبه ات فروغ پيماى سرير ... سر زبان از حمد شهنشاهى تواند بتاج رسيد الخ.

XV.Wajdiyyah (وجديّه), ‘the loveable object,’ also styled وجديّۀ جان,’ the lovable object of the soul,’ i.e. metaphors drawn from music (Rieu, No. XXXI), on fol. 356b, beginning: نغمۀ دلنشين بترنّم حمد سازنده مقام پذيرد الخ.

XVI.Thamara-i-Ṭibbi(ثمرۀ طبّى), ‘.the medical fruit,’ i.e. metaphors drawn from the medical art (Rieu, No. XXX), on fol. 363a, beginning: اى درد تو بهتر از دواى دگرى ... شكر حكيمى كه درد بيدرمان ايّوب از داروى صبوريش الخ.

XVII.Namûna-i-Inshâ (نمونۀ انشا), ‘a model of composition,’ in praise of ‘Âlamgîr (Rieu, No. XXXII), on fol. 369a, beginning: سيمين ورقى زياسمينم دادند الخ.

XVIII.Anwâr-almashâriḳ (انوار المشارق), ‘the lights of the East,’ i.e. the joys of the spring (Rieu, No. XIX; Cawnpore edition, No. 12), on fol. 371a, beginning: اى جوش دل صراحى وجام از تو ... شب نشينان بزم سخن بشراب حمد خالقى سرخوش اند كه ساقى الخ.

XIX.Parîkhâna (پريخانه), ‘the house of the fairy,' in praise of Shâh ‘Abbâs II of Persia (Rieu, No. XXV), on fol. 375b: اى راقم فرد رزق چه صبح وچه شام... قلمى كه قطعه نويسان مقال سر مشق تازگى تقرير الخ.

XX. Kalimat-alḥaḳḳ (كلمة الحقّ ), ‘the word of truth,’ i.e. a complaint against the king and the king’s son for their want of liberality (Rieu, No. XVIII), on fol. 379a, beginning: دوران چو در ستايش مزدى بما نداده افگنده كار مارا الخ.

XXI.Âshûbnâma (آشوب نامه), ‘the book of tumult,’ a praise of the seven mathnawîs of Zulâlî (Rieu, No. XXI; Cawnpore edition, No. 15), on fol. 380a, beginning: شكر ناظمى كه ابيات بروج سپهر از معنئ ابداعش صورت وجود بسته الخ.

XXII.Mi’râj-alfaṣâḥat (معراج الفصاحة), ‘the ascent of eloquence,’ a eulogy on Sayyid Bahâdurkhân (Rieu, No. XXVIII), on fol. 385a, beginning: از حقّ سخن معجزه آئين خواهم الخ.

XXIII.Ruḳa’ât (رقعات), ‘letters,’ beginning with the ‘Ibratnâma (عبرت نامه), ‘the book of warning,’ or (as it is called in Rieu) عنبر نامه, ‘the book of ambergris,’ setting forth the plagiaries of Naṣîrâ-i-Hamadânî from Zulâlî (Rieu, Nos. XVI and XVII; Bodleian Cat., No. 10; Cawnpore edition, pp. 193-270), on fol. 386b, beginning:در حالتى كه تيغ جان خراشرا قلمتراش شمردى الخ. The ‘Ibratnâma was written for Muḳimâ, i.e. Muḳm Kâshî (قلمى بهر مقيما شده , or as in the following copies بمقيما نوشته); the heading in Rieu’s copy appears to imply that it was written by Muḳîmâ.

XXIV.Tadhkirat-alâḥibbâ (تذكرة الاحبّا),’memorial of the lovers,’ otherwise called تذكرة الاخيار, ‘memorial of the good,’ or تذكرة الاتقيا,’ memorial of the godly,’ a eulogy on twelve contemporary Shaikhs and other renowned men, living in Kashmîr (Rieu, No. VIII; Cawnpore edition, No. 14), on fol. 411a, beginning: طغرا تا كى تيغ زبان تيز كنى الخ.

No date.

No.321, ff. 412. 4 coll. in the poetical parts, each ll. 25; clear and distinct Nasta’lîḳ; ornamental binding; size, 14¼ in. by 10 in.