cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1321977
title: Plant Scoring Trial: U.Nottm_2018_Ripr_Leaf_Nitrate_Concentration

description: This study makes use of the Renewable Industrial Products from Rapeseed (RIPR) diversity population of inbred lines of Brassica napus genotypes Thomas et al., 2016. BMC Plant Biology 16, 214). A subset of 383 genotypes were selected, comprising 169 winter-, 123 spring-, and 11 semiwinter-oilseed rape (OSR), 27 swede, six fodder, three kale and 44 of unspecified growth types. All plant growth took place at the Sutton Bonington Campus of the University of Nottingham (52°49'58.9"N, 1°14'59.2"W) in compost in a designed experiment in a polytunnel Leaves were sampled from all plants at the rosette stage (typically 6-8 true leaves showing) approximately four months after sowing. Typically three leaves were taken from each plant and freeze dried for 48-60 hours. Leaves were then homogenised in liquid N2 using a pestle and mortar and stored at -80°C prior to analyses. Leaf NO3- concentration was measured by ion chromatography (IC). This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant number BB/L002124/1], (BBSRC, United Kingdom), Renewable Industrial Products from Rapeseed (RIPR) Programme to Ian Bancroft.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nxqjt
title: CCDC 1546947: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Guowei Kang,  Masaki Yamagami,  Sreekumar Vellalath,  Daniel Romo|2018|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|57|6527|doi:10.1002/anie.201802483
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nxqkv
title: CCDC 1546948: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Guowei Kang,  Masaki Yamagami,  Sreekumar Vellalath,  Daniel Romo|2018|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|57|6527|doi:10.1002/anie.201802483
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1nxqs2
title: CCDC 1546955: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Guowei Kang,  Masaki Yamagami,  Sreekumar Vellalath,  Daniel Romo|2018|Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.|57|6527|doi:10.1002/anie.201802483
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p21zs
title: CCDC 1551115: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Chien-Cheng Chiu, Hui-Tzu Chiu, Dong-Sheng Lee, Ta-Jung Lu|2018|RSC Advances|8|26407|doi:10.1039/C8RA04094J
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/flywcq
title: createtls904nuts.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/h2gepv
title: createtls801country.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/pepjww
title: createtls901techfield_ipc.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/sadz2n
title: createtls803legaleventcode.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/vrcmqz
title: createtls231inpadoclegalevent.sql
DOI: 10.15151/esrf-es-112688911
title: Synchrotron Serial Crystallography (SSX) BAG
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mq8
title: CCDC 1556470: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mr9
title: CCDC 1556471: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7msb
title: CCDC 1556472: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/26045/adcqwc
title: Data and Do Files.zip
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/26045/bbkvgx
title: Data (English Translation).zip
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/gx1fao
title: RowCount_2017a.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/hhxdij
title: createtls902ipcnace2.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/hkjx7n
title: Readme.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/la3u0c
title: createtls906person.sql
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/x5pgzj
title: DataCatalog_v5.09.pdf
DOI: 10.17632/2d8wzkcn3v.1
title: CELL-CHEMICAL-BIOLOGY-D-17-00243 Shimada et al.

description: This dataset contains i) metabolomic profiling performed by Metabolon, ii) FPKM-normalized RNA-seq data performed by the Stockwell lab and Columbia Genome Center, and iii) 83 compounds identified to induce similar mechanism of lethality in cancer cell lines, for the manuscript "Copper-binding small molecule induces oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in glioblastoma-patient-derived cells" written by Shimada et al.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/48gfku/bm42b7
title: Read me.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/7lbzw3
title: Coverage Legal Status Service_2016b.xls
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/7pw65y
title: TipsOnLoadingData_v1.5.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/ihorge
title: RowCount_2017a_result.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/jgylcy
title: Contents and coverage of the DOCDB bibliographic file_2017a.tab
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/znbfms
title: de Rassenfosse et al - 2014 - AnIntroductionToThePATSTATdatabaseWithExampleQueries.pdf
DOI: 10.17632/97b33styh4.1
title: Body sizes in the Mesostigmata (Acari)
DOI: 10.17632/b3g2rffs6f.1
title: Hierarchical Nanoflake-assembled Flower-like NiCo Double Hydroxide@NiC2O4 Microspheres for High Performance Supercapacitor

description: The data set includes the CV investigation and GCD tests of positive and negative electrodes. The various characterizations including the FT-IR, XPS, XRD and electrochemical characterization of the positive and negative electrodes are also provided. The practical performance of the assembled ASC devices are also demonstrated.
DOI: 10.25828/fsdq-hf81
title: South African Integrated Family Survey 1999 (Langeberg Survey)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1320210
title: Rdf2Vec Dbpedia Predicate Object Frequency Embeddings

description: This dataset contains the vectors from computing RDF2vec embeddings from a predicate object frequency weighted DBpedia 2016-04 graph.

For each entity in the graph, the text file in the zip archive contains a line with the entity name and the embedded vector.

The parameter settings for the embedding are as specified in the paper:

Michael Cochez, Petar Ristoski, Simone Paolo Ponzetto, and Heiko Paulheim. 2017. Biased graph walks for RDF graph embeddings. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics (WIMS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 21, 12 pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3102254.3102279
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1320211
title: Rdf2Vec Dbpedia Predicate Object Frequency Embeddings

description: This dataset contains the vectors from computing RDF2vec embeddings from a predicate object frequency weighted DBpedia 2016-04 graph.

For each entity in the graph, the text file in the zip archive contains a line with the entity name and the embedded vector.

The parameter settings for the embedding are as specified in the paper:

Michael Cochez, Petar Ristoski, Simone Paolo Ponzetto, and Heiko Paulheim. 2017. Biased graph walks for RDF graph embeddings. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics (WIMS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 21, 12 pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3102254.3102279
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/oxkj92/mtsvgf
title: LongRun_Replication.zip
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/algugd
title: legal_code_descriptions_20170128.tab
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/cvpgbt
title: 2014-10-16-Final IPC_NACE2_2014.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/hotkfw
title: 201610_NUTS allocation note PATSTAT April 2016.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/mi68zk
title: OECD indicators of technology and economic value.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/nksjch
title: Licensing_of_EPO_databases_agreement_sample_en.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/xzqo1b
title: nuts_coverage.tab
DOI: 10.17632/6pw3y83hnh.1
title: Data for "A Structural Model of Productivity, Uncertain Demand, and Export Dynamics"

description: The csv file contains data used for the estimation of the dynamic model in "A Structural Model of Productivity, Uncertain Demand, and Export Dynamics".
DOI: 10.17632/7fpccm8y9j.1
title: Semi-regular Interpolatory RBF-based Subdivision Schemes

description: We present a MATLAB function to compute the subdivision matrices of semi-regular univariate interpolatory RBF-based binary subdivision schemes. The construction is the adaptation of the one presented in "Stationary binary subdivision schemes using radial basis function interpolation", B.-G. Lee, Y. J. Lee, J. Yoon (Adv. Comput. Math, 2006) and "Analysis of stationary subdivision schemes for curve design based on radial basis function interpolation", Y. J. Lee, J. Yoon (Appl. Math. Comput., 2010), to the semi-regular case, i.e. when the starting mesh is formed by two different uniform mesh that meet eachother at 0. The main function, RBFs_semi.m, given the stepsizes of the two uniform mesh, the family of radial basis function, the number of points used for the local computation, the required polynomial reproduction and, eventually, further parameters, determines the subdivision matrix of the scheme in the form of the regular mask on the left, the regular mask on the right and the irregular part of the matrix around 0. The supported families of RBFs are (inverse) multi-quadric, Gaussian, Wendland's functions, Wu's functions, Buhmann's functions, polyharmonic functions and Euclid's hat functions (see e.g. "Meshfree approximation methods with MATLAB", G. E. Fasshauer). For further information about how to choose the parameters for each family see the files in the Aux folder.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1320490
title: Dataset For "Equatorial Evolution Of The Fast Magnetosonic Mode In The Source Region: Observation-Simulation Comparison Of The Preferential Propagation Direction"

description: Includes 2D PIC simulation results presented in the paper.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1320491
title: Dataset For "Equatorial Evolution Of The Fast Magnetosonic Mode In The Source Region: Observation-Simulation Comparison Of The Preferential Propagation Direction"

description: Includes 2D PIC simulation results presented in the paper.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/sorhw2
title: tls231_part29.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/utxhk3
title: PATSTAT product line_Discover the fascination of patent data.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/v7x0qb
title: OECD patent statistics manual.pdf
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/vjszrw
title: tls231_part27.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/yxrnka
title: statistics_authority_code_20170128.tab
DOI: 10.17632/35tdj6cbd8.4
title: Uplift gratuity: Effects of an Opportune Gift and its Timing on Tipping Behavior

description: These are the raw data as a .csv file used in the manuscript "Uplift gratuity: Effects of an Opportune Gift and its Timing on Tipping Behavior" by Frederic Hilkenmeier, Sascha Hoffmann, and Grzegorz Derkowski. The study analyzes the timing of a small gift offered by waiters on tipping behavior, showing that customers generously reciprocate a gift by significantly increasing gratuity. Closer temporal proximity between gift and payment even doubles this effect, indicating that servers can substantially - and effortlessly - raise their tips just by manipulating the saliency of the reciprocity norm. Statistical Analysis: ANCOVA IV: Experimental Condition DV: Gratuity_percentage Covariate: Billsize As described in the manuscript, we also provide a Reduced Dataset with only 54 subjects (dinner parties) per condition.
DOI: 10.17632/67jpgxxr4s.1
title: Kenya Urban Slum Study

description: This data contains responses from a cross-sectional survey among a convenience sample of 506 adults residing in Korogocho slum using the WHO validated Alcohol and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). We modified the questionnaire based on our findings from the focus group and semi-structured interviews to reflect the community’s social and cultural context. Systematic and random sampling was impossible in this community because of the lack of clearly defined and structured residences and high population density in a very small area. The team of trained interviewers selected eligible informants based on their accessibility and cultural proximity to the interviewer. The interview was conducted face-to-face without the presence of other people either in the participants’ residence or in secluded public places.
DOI: 10.17632/xc99dz5mdx.1
title: Effect of Memorial University’s Environment & Support System in Shaping Entrepreneurial Intention of Students
DOI: 10.21227/fhg0-1b35
title: SySeVR: A Framework for Using Deep Learning to Detect Software Vulnerabilities

description: We propose a general framework for using deep learning to detect vulnerabilities, named SySeVR. For evaluate the SySeVR, we collect the Semantics-based Vulnerability Candidate (SeVC) dataset, which contains all kinds of vulnerabilities that are available from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) and the Software Assurance Reference Dataset (SARD). At a high level, the Syntax-based Vulnerability Candidate (SyVC) representation corresponds to a piece of code in a program that may be vulnerable based on a syntax analysis. The SeVC representation corresponds to the extended statements of the SyVCs, with the extension to incorporate some of the other statements that are semantically related to the SyVCs. SeVC dataset focuses on 1,592 open source C/C++ programs from the NVD and 14,000 programs from the SARD. It contains 420,627 SeVCs, including 56,395 vulnerable SeVCs and 364,232 SeVCs that are not vulnerable. Four types of SyVCs are involved. (1) Library/API Function Call : This accommodates the vulnerabilities that are related to library/API function calls. (2) Array Usage: This accommodates the vulnerabilities that are related to arrays (e.g., improper use in array element access, array address arithmetic, address transfer as a function parameter). (3) Pointer Usage: This accommodates the vulnerabilities that are related to pointers (e.g., improper use in pointer arithmetic, reference, address transfer as a function parameter). (4) Arithmetic Expression: This accommodates the vulnerabilities that are related to improper arithmetic expressions (e.g., integer overflow).
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/5bib0m
title: tls231_part30.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/ejrdqe
title: tls231_part31.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/ntopl7
title: tls803_part01.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/wxmnne
title: tls231_part28.txt
DOI: 10.5287/bodleian:kzeqryjrw
title: Trait values, sources and importance for ecosystem services of British tree species
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mtc
title: CCDC 1556473: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mvd
title: CCDC 1556474: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mwf
title: CCDC 1556475: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mxg
title: CCDC 1556476: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7myh
title: CCDC 1556477: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/68id44
title: Documentation&Scripts.zip
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/hx3bzg
title: tls231_part01_to_part16.zip
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/rdyx0j
title: tls231_part25.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/upei7n
title: tls231_part26.txt
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vcpbos/xx8qxc
title: tls231_part17_to_tls231_part29_and_tls803.zip
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p7mzj
title: CCDC 1556478: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ryo Horikoshi, Takumi Tominaga, Tomoyuki Mochida|2018|Cryst.Growth Des.|18|5089|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00538
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1p9c0c
title: CCDC 1558122: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: N.S. Akhmadiev, E.S. Mescheryakova, R.A. Khisamutdinov, A.N. Lobov, M.F. Abdullin, A.G. Ibragimov, R.V. Kunakova, V.R. Akhmetova|2018|J.Organomet.Chem.|872|54|doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.026
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1pd6w5
title: CCDC 1560877: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Xiao-dong Liu, Kang-bo Gu, Sha-Sha Xia, Dao-Jing Zhang, Yuan-Guang Li|2018|J.Antibiot.|71|838|doi:10.1038/s41429-018-0071-x
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.25828/wz4y-rz39
title: Faculty perceptions of OER in India 2014-2015
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1pnn44
title: CCDC 1568976: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ge Mu, Lei Cong, Zhili Wen, Judy I-Chia Wu, Karl M. Kadish, Thomas S. Teets|2018|Inorg.Chem.|57|9468|doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01456
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1pnn55
title: CCDC 1568977: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ge Mu, Lei Cong, Zhili Wen, Judy I-Chia Wu, Karl M. Kadish, Thomas S. Teets|2018|Inorg.Chem.|57|9468|doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01456
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1pnn66
title: CCDC 1568978: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ge Mu, Lei Cong, Zhili Wen, Judy I-Chia Wu, Karl M. Kadish, Thomas S. Teets|2018|Inorg.Chem.|57|9468|doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01456
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.