DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh1893gd
title: Data for: Colonization dynamics explain the decoupling of species richness and morphological disparity in syngnatharian fishes across oceans

description: A clear longitudinal gradient in species richness across oceans is
 observed in extant marine fishes, with the Indo-Pacific exhibiting the
 greatest diversity. Three non-mutually exclusive evolutionary hypotheses
 have been proposed to explain this diversity gradient:
 time-for-speciation, center-of-accumulation, and in situ diversification
 rates. Using the morphologically disparate syngnatharians (seahorses,
 dragonets, goatfishes, and relatives) as a study system, we tested these
 hypotheses and additionally assessed whether patterns of morphological
 diversity are congruent with species richness patterns. We used
 well-sampled phylogenies and a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods
 (including a novel phylogenetically-corrected Kruskal-Wallis test) that
 account for various sources of uncertainty to estimate rates of lineage
 diversification and morphological disparity within all three major oceanic
 realms (Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern Pacific), as well as within
 the Indo-Pacific region. We find similar lineage diversification rates
 across regions, indicating that increased syngnatharian diversity in the
 Indo-Pacific is due to earlier colonizations from the Tethys Sea followed
 by in situ speciation and more frequent colonization during the Miocene
 coinciding with the formation of coral reefs. These results support both
 time-for-speciation and center-of-accumulation hypotheses. Unlike species
 richness unevenness, shape disparity and evolutionary rates are similar
 across oceans due to the early origin of major body plans and their
 subsequent spread via colonization rather than in situ evolution. Our
 results illustrate how species richness patterns became decoupled from
 morphological disparity patterns during the formation of a major
 biodiversity hotspot.
description: # Data for: Colonization dynamics explain the decoupling of species
 richness and morphological disparity in syngnatharian fishes across oceans
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zkh1893gd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zkh1893gd) **Corresponding authors:** Aintzane Santaquiteria ([aintzanesantaquiteria@gmail.com](mailto:aintzanesantaquiteria@gmail.com)) Ricardo Betancur-R. ([rbetancur@ucsd.edu](mailto:rbetancur@ucsd.edu)) ## General information When files are numbered on the README or in the file itself, please follow the specified order when using the scripts, as the output files from one step will be used as input files for the next. ## Description of the data and file structure #### File: Appendix\_1.csv **Description:** List of specimens examined and GenBank sequences. ##### Variables * Source- study or source that provided the data * Type of molecular marker- molecular marker used for analysis (i.e., COI or ultraconserved elements) * Family- taxonomic family to which each fish species belongs * Species name- scientific name of the species included in the study * Study Code- museum or previous study code assigned for each sample * NCBI Accession Number- associated with each species’ data entry in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database, useful for retrieving molecular data associated with the species #### File: Appendix\_2.csv **Description:** Hypervolume statistics results across regions for syngnatharian (all species or by suborder) for head-only and full-body datasets. This CSV file contains four different tables. The missing values (indicated by "NA") are due to instances where calculations of overlap are not possible due to a lack of intersecting species between the areas being compared. ##### Variables * Jaccard- Jaccard similarity (volume of intersection of 1 and 2 divided by volume of union of 1 and 2) * Sorensen- Sorensen similarity (twice the volume of intersection of 1 and 2 divided by volume of 1 plus volume of 2) * Frac_unique_1- Unique fraction 1 (volume of unique component of 1 divided by volume of 1) * Frac_unique_2- Unique fraction 2 (volume of unique component of 2 divided by volume of 2) #### File: Phylogenomics.zip **Description:** COI alignment, backbone, and expanded phylogenetic trees. Phylograms (RAxML and ASTRAL-III) and chronograms (backbones calibrated in RelTime and MCMCTree, and expanded trees in TreePL). ``` -&gt;Curated_Final_alignment_COI_Backbone_RENAMED.phy- COI alignments for 324 species in phylip format -&gt;"Backbone_trees" folder: -"Phylograms" folder: trees inferred in RAxML and ASTRAL-III for the entire matrix and each subset with 164 species (Newick format): backbone_Raxml_besttree_matrix75.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_matrix90.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S01.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S02.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S03.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S04.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S05.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S06.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S07.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S08.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S09.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S10.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S11.tre backbone_Raxml_besttree_S12.tre backbone_346_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_all932_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset01_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset02_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset03_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset04_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset05_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset06_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset07_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset08_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset09_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset10_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset11_ASTRAL3.tre backbone_Subset12_ASTRAL3.tre -"Chronograms" folder: trees calibrated in RelTime and MCMCTree for the entire matrix and each subset using phylograms as inputs with 164 species (Newick format): CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_matrix75_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_matrix75_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_matrix90_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_matrix90_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S01_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S01_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S02_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S02_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S03_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S03_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S04_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S04_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S05_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S05_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S06_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S06_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S07_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S07_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S08_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S08_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S09_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S09_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S10_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S10_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S11_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S11_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S12_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_MCMCTree_S12_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_matrix75_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_matrix90_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_matrix90_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S01_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S02_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S03_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S04_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S05_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S06_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S07_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S08_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S09_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S10_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S11_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_DNA_S12_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S01_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S02_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S03_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S04_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S05_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S06_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S07_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S08_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S09_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S10_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S11_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_backbone_RelTime_S12_RAXML.tre -&gt;"expanded_trees" folder: -"Phylograms" folder: trees inferred in RAxML and ASTRAL-III for the entire matrix and each subset with 164 species (Newick format): Expanded_matrix75_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_matrix90_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S01_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S02_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S03_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S04_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S05_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S06_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S07_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S08_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S09_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S10_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S11_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_S12_RAXML_bestTree.tre Expanded_matrix75_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_matrix90_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S01_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S02_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S03_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S04_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S05_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S06_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S07_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S08_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S09_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S10_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S11_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre Expanded_S12_ASTRAL_bestTree.tre -"Chronograms" folder: trees calibrated in RelTime and MCMCTree for the entire matrix and each subset using phylograms as inputs with 164 species (Newick format): CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S01_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S01_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S02_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S02_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S03_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S03_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S04_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S04_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S05_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S05_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S06_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S06_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S07_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S07_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S08_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S08_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S09_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S09_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S10_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S10_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S11_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S11_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S12_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_S12_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_matrix75_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_matrix75_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_matrix90_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_MCMCTree_matrix90_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S01_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S02_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S03_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S04_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S05_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S06_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S07_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S08_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S09_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S10_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S11_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_S12_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_matrix75_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_DNA_matrix90_ASTRAL.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S01_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S02_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S03_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S04_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S05_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S06_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S07_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S08_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S09_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S10_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S11_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_S12_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix90_RAXML.tre ``` #### File: Biogeographic\_analyses.zip **Description:** R scripts, input files (trees and geographic data) for BioGeoBEARS. ``` -&gt; R scripts to run biogeographic analyses (run them in the following order): 1-Biogeography_script_7areasPlusTethys.R- test different biogeographic models using one tree in BioGeoBEARS 2-Multiple_Trees_7areasPlusTethys.R- fit the best-fit biogeographic models into multiple tree 3-stochastic_mapping_v2.R- Conduct biogeographic stochastic mappings (BSM) based on the best-fit biogeographic model from BioGeoBEARS 4-get_all_states_general.R- gett all states at every node and tip based on BioGeoBEARS BSM results 5-get_individual_cols_general.R- identify individual colonizations, their descendants, and their date 6-count_events_by_bin_general_v2.R- get the lineages per bin for a given region, group, and bin length 7-count_total_colonization_events.R- obtain the total number of colonization events 8-get_mean_col_event_counts.R- combine colonization counts across stochastic maps to make chord plots 9-get_branch_lengths_by_region.R- count the branch lengths reconstructed in a given region across maps to calculate rates 10-plot_chorddiagrams_col_events.R- chord plots: illustration of the colonization counts and rates from the focal area to the rest of the areas -&gt;Input files: -dispersal_multipliers_7areasPlusTethys.csv- dispersal multiplier matrix for BioGeoBEARS -dispersal_multipliers_7areasPlusTethys_forBSM.csv- dispersal multiplier matrix for BSM -Geo_data.csv- distribution data for BioGeoBEARS -Geo_data_forBSM.csv- distribution data for BSM -geoglist.csv- list of input distribution files -outputnames.csv- list of output file names -families.csv- list of the families to which each species belongs -timeperiods.csv- time periods -treelist.csv- list of input tree files -biogeonames.csv- Distribution data with names, instead of binary (1,0) -"TREES" folder: contains all the input trees in Newick format: CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML_BIOGEOBEARS.tre CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML_BSM.tre Tree1.Newick Tree2.Newick Tree3.Newick Tree4.Newick Tree6.Newick Tree7.Newick Tree8.Newick Tree11.Newick Tree12.Newick Tree13.Newick Tree14.Newick Tree16.Newick Tree17.Newick Tree18.Newick Tree19.Newick Tree20.Newick Tree21.Newick Tree22.Newick Tree23.Newick Tree24.Newick Tree25.Newick Tree26.Newick Tree27.Newick Tree28.Newick ``` #### File: Lineage\_diversification\_rate\_analyses.zip **Description:** R scripts, input files (trees and geographic data) for BAMM, DR, and GeoHiSSE.  ``` -&gt;BAMM analyses (Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures): 1. BAMM.R- calculate bamm priors 2. bamm.sh- run BAMM to calculate tip-associated speciation, extinction, and diversification rates. Return to BAMM.R to check if the results converged -Input files: -divcontrol- configuration file -alltrees_notpruned.tre -alltrees_pruned.tre -Distribution_Syngnatharia.csv- presence/absence distribution data -&gt;DR statistics analyses: -DR.R- calculate tip-associated speciation, extinction, and diversification rates -Input files: -alltrees_notpruned.tre -alltrees_pruned.tre -&gt;GeoHiSSE analyses: -R scripts to run state-dependent diversification analyses (run them in the following order): 1. parallelGeoHiSSE_IP.R- calculate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates between the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic and eastern Pacific 2. parallelGeoHiSSE_IP+j.R- calculate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates between the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic and eastern Pacific incorporating the jump-dispersal parameter in the models 3. parallelGeoHiSSE_A.R- calculate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates between the Atlantic and the Indo Pacific and eastern Pacific 4. parallelGeoHiSSE_A+j.R- calculate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates between the Atlantic and the Indo Pacific and eastern Pacific incorporating the jump-dispersal parameter in the models 5. parallelGeoHiSSE_EP.R- calculate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates between the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific 6. parallelGeoHiSSE_EP+j.R- calculate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates between the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic and Indo Pacific incorporating the jump-dispersal parameter in the models -Input files: function_parallel_GeoHiSSE.R- parallel function to run GeoHiSSE function_parallel_GeoHiSSE+j.R- parallel function to run GeoHiSSE incorporation the jump-dispersal parameter in the models Distribution_Syngnatharia_BetweenRealms.csv- distribution data alltrees_notpruned.tre alltrees_pruned.tre -&gt;Once all the analyses (method: BAMM, DR, and GeoHiSSE) are done use the following script (in order) to summarize all results: 1. div_rates_plots_statistics.R- calculate average diversification rates for each tip across all the trees for each method, plot them, and perform statistical analyses (Phylogenetically-corrected non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test) -Input files: -Rates_DRBAMMGeoHiSSE_RelTime.csv- tip-diversification rates for each tree across all the methods -CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML.tre 2. Correlations.R- correlate mean lineage diversification rates between phylogenies using all 323 taxa (denoted as “not pruned”) and after excluding potential instances of taxonomic over-splitting (denoted as “pruned”; 311 taxa) and dated with two calibration methods, RelTime and MCMCTree -Input files: -Divrates_means_all3methods_RelTime.csv- mean lineage diversification rates results for each tip across the different methods based on RelTime trees -Divrates_means_all3methods_MCMCTree.csv- mean lineage diversification rates results for each tip across the different methods based on MCMCTree trees ``` #### File: Morphological\_analyses.zip **Description:** Body shape and head shape 2D geometric morphometric data (photos and shape files) as well as R scripts and input files for model fitting, morphological evolutionary rates analyses (BAMM), morphological disparity analyses (dispRity), and morphospace occupancy (hypervolumes). For each scheme (Head and Body shape) first run geometric-morphometrics.R script and then BAMM.R script.  ``` -&gt;"Head-shape" folder: 1. Headshape_geometric-morphometrics.R- geometric-morphometric analyses: Place landmarks, Procrustes analyses, Morphospaces, morphological disparity with PC and pPC data, quantifying disparity using hypervolumes and pPCA scores, morphological disparity through time analyses (model fitting) 2. Headshape_BAMM.R- calculate priors and run bamm on the terminal bamm.sh (same as for lineage diversification analyses), plot tip-associated morphological evolutionary rates, perform statistical analyses (Phylogenetically-corrected non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test) 3. bamm.sh.- runs BAMM to calculate tip-associated morphological evolutionary rates. Return to Headshape_BAMM.R to check if the results converged -Input files: -Species_by_area_InputpPCA.csv- species divided by areas -pPCScores_Head_Mastertree_Byfamily.csv- pPC scores for head dataset -PCScores_Head_Byfamily_InputpPCA.csv- PC scores for head dataset -PCScores_Head_Byfamily.csv- PC scores for head dataset organized by family -PCScores_Head_BetweenAreas.csv- PC scores for the head dataset with distribution information -Distribution_Syngnatharia.csv- distribution data -landmarks.txt- homologous landmarks -curves.txt- curves used -CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML.tre -CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML_modified.tre -alltrees_RelT.tre -"Photos" folder containing photos for 474 specimens: Aeoliscus_strigatus_01.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_02.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_03.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_04.jpg Aeoliscus_strigatus_05.jpg Anaora_tentaculata_01.jpg Anaora_tentaculata_02.jpg Anaora_tentaculata_03.jpg Aulostomus_chinensis_01.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_02.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_03.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_04.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_05.jpeg Aulostomus_maculatus_01.JPG Aulostomus_maculatus_02.jpg Aulostomus_maculatus_04.jpeg Bryx_randalli_01.jpg Callionymidae_sp_01.jpg Callionymus_australis_01.jpg Callionymus_bairdi_01.png Callionymus_bairdi_03.jpg Callionymus_bairdi_04.jpg Callionymus_bairdi_05.jpg Callionymus_belcheri_01.jpg Callionymus_belcheri_02.jpg Callionymus_belcheri_03.jpeg Callionymus_calcaratus_01.jpeg Callionymus_curvicornis_01.jpg Callionymus_curvicornis_02.jpg Callionymus_curvicornis_03.jpg Callionymus_curvicornis_04.jpg Callionymus_delicatulus_02.jpg Callionymus_grossi_01.jpg Callionymus_limiceps_01.jpeg Callionymus_lunatus_01.jpg Callionymus_lunatus_02.jpg Callionymus_lunatus_03.jpg Callionymus_lunatus_04.jpg Callionymus_marquesensis_01.jpg Callionymus_marquesensis_02.jpeg Callionymus_marquesensis_03.jpeg Callionymus_marquesensis_04.jpg Callionymus_marquesensis_05.jpeg Callionymus_moretonensis_01.jpg Callionymus_moretonensis_02.jpg Callionymus_ogilbyi_01.jpg Callionymus_russelli_01.jpg Callionymus_russelli_02.jpg Callionymus_russelli_03.jpg Callionymus_scaber_01.jpg Callionymus_scaber_02.jpg Callionymus_scaber_03.jpeg Callionymus_sereti_01.jpg Callionymus_sp1_01.jpg Callionymus_sp2_01.JPG Centriscops_humerosus_01.jpg Centriscops_humerosus_02.jpg Centriscops_humerosus_03.jpg Centriscops_humerosus_04.jpg Centriscus_cristatus_01.jpg Centriscus_cristatus_02.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_01.jpeg Centriscus_scutatus_02.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_03.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_04.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_05.jpeg Choeroichthys_sculptus_01.jpg Choeroichthys_sculptus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_03.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_04.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_05.jpg Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_01.jpg Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_haematopterus_01.jpg Corythoichthys_haematopterus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_haematopterus_03.jpg Corythoichthys_intestinalis_02.jpg Corythoichthys_intestinalis_03.jpg Corythoichthys_intestinalis_04.jpg Corythoichthys_schultzi_02.jpg Corythoichthys_schultzi_03.jpg Corythoichthys_schultzi_04.jpg Cosmocampus_albirostris_01.JPG Cosmocampus_albirostris_02.JPG Cosmocampus_albirostris_03.jpg Cosmocampus_albirostris_04.JPG Cosmocampus_arctus_01.jpg Cosmocampus_elucens_01.JPG Cosmocampus_elucens_02.JPG Cosmocampus_elucens_03.JPG Cosmocampus_elucens_04.JPG Dactyloptena_orientalis_01.jpeg Dactyloptena_orientalis_02.jpg Dactyloptena_orientalis_03.jpg Dactyloptena_orientalis_04.jpg Dactyloptena_orientalis_05.JPG Dactyloptena_papilio_01.jpeg Dactyloptena_papilio_02.jpg Dactyloptena_peterseni_01.jpeg Dactyloptena_peterseni_03.jpeg Dactylopterus_volitans_01.jpg Dactylopterus_volitans_02.JPG Dactylopterus_volitans_03.jpg Dactylopterus_volitans_04.JPG Dactylopus_dactylopus_01.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_02.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_03.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_04.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_05.jpeg Diplogrammus_goramensis_01.jpg Diplogrammus_goramensis_02.jpg Diplogrammus_goramensis_03.jpeg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_01.jpg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_02.jpg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_03.jpg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_04.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_01.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_02.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_03.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_04.jpg Doryichthys_martensii_01.jpg Doryichthys_martensii_02.jpg Doryichthys_martensii_03.jpg Doryrhamphus_excisus_01.jpg Doryrhamphus_excisus_02.jpg Doryrhamphus_excisus_04.jpg Doryrhamphus_janssi_01.jpg Doryrhamphus_janssi_02.jpg Doryrhamphus_janssi_03.jpg Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_01.jpg Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_02.jpg Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_03.jpg Draconetta_xenica_01.jpeg Draconetta_xenica_02.jpeg Draculo_mirabilis_01.jpg Draculo_mirabilis_02.jpg Dunckerocampus_dactyliophorus_01.jpg Dunckerocampus_pessuliferus_01.jpg Enneacampus_ansorgii_01.jpg Entelurus_aequoreus_01.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_01.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_02.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_03.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_04.jpg Festucalex_wassi_01.jpg Filicampus_tigris_01.jpg Fistularia_commersonii_01.JPG Fistularia_commersonii_02.jpeg Fistularia_corneta_01.jpg Fistularia_corneta_02.JPG Fistularia_corneta_03.JPG Fistularia_petimba_01.jpg Fistularia_petimba_02.JPG Fistularia_petimba_03.JPG Fistularia_tabacaria_01.jpg Fistularia_tabacaria_02.JPG Fistularia_tabacaria_03.JPG Fistularia_tabacaria_04.JPG Halicampus_crinitus_01.png Halicampus_dunckeri_01.jpg Halicampus_dunckeri_02.jpg Haliichthys_taeniophorus_01.jpg Hippichthys_penicillus_01.jpg Hippichthys_penicillus_02.jpg Hippichthys_penicillus_03.jpg Hippocampus_abdominalis_01.jpg Hippocampus_abdominalis_02.jpg Hippocampus_abdominalis_03.jpg Hippocampus_abdominalis_04.jpg Hippocampus_barbouri_01.jpg Hippocampus_comes_01.jpg Hippocampus_erectus_01.jpg Hippocampus_erectus_02.jpg Hippocampus_erectus_03.jpg Hippocampus_erectus_04.jpg Hippocampus_histrix_01.jpg Hippocampus_histrix_02.jpg Hippocampus_ingens_01.jpg Hippocampus_ingens_02.JPG Hippocampus_ingens_03.JPG Hippocampus_ingens_04.jpg Hippocampus_ingens_05.JPG Hippocampus_kelloggi_01.jpg Hippocampus_kuda_01.jpg Hippocampus_kuda_02.jpg Hippocampus_kuda_03.jpg Hippocampus_kuda_04.jpg Hippocampus_reidi_01.jpg Hippocampus_reidi_02.JPG Hippocampus_subelongatus_01.jpg Hippocampus_zosterae_01.jpg Hippocampus_zosterae_02.jpg Hippocampus_zosterae_03.jpg Hypselognathus_rostratus_01.jpg Idiotropiscis_lumnitzeri_01.jpg Idiotropiscis_lumnitzeri_02.png Macroramphosus_gracilis_01.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_02.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_03.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_04.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_01.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_02.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_03.png Macroramphosus_scolopax_04.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_05.jpeg Micrognathus_andersonii_01.jpg Micrognathus_andersonii_02.jpg Micrognathus_andersonii_03.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_01.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_02.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_03.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_04.jpg Microphis_lineatus_01.jpg Mulloidichthys_dentatus_01.JPG Mulloidichthys_dentatus_02.JPG Mulloidichthys_dentatus_03.jpg Mulloidichthys_dentatus_04.JPG Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_01.jpeg Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_02.jpeg Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_03.jpeg Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_04.jpeg Mulloidichthys_martinicus_01.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_02.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_03.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_04.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_05.jpeg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_01.jpeg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_02.jpeg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_03.jpg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_04.jpg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_05.jpg Mullus_argentinae_01.jpg Mullus_argentinae_02.jpg Mullus_auratus_01.jpg Mullus_auratus_02.jpg Mullus_auratus_03.jpg Mullus_auratus_04.jpg Nerophis_ophidion_01.jpg Nerophis_ophidion_02.jpg Nerophis_ophidion_03.jpg Notopogon_fernandezianus_01.jpg Notopogon_fernandezianus_02.jpg Notopogon_fernandezianus_03.jpg Notopogon_lilliei_01.jpg Notopogon_lilliei_02.jpg Notopogon_lilliei_03.jpg Notopogon_xenosoma_01.jpg Notopogon_xenosoma_02.jpg Notopogon_xenosoma_03.jpg Parupeneus_barberinoides_01.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_02.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_03.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_04.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_05.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_01.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_03.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_01.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_02.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_03.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_04.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_01.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_03.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_forsskali_01.jpeg Parupeneus_forsskali_02.jpg Parupeneus_forsskali_03.jpg Parupeneus_forsskali_04.jpg Parupeneus_forsskali_05.jpg Parupeneus_inayatae_01.jpg Parupeneus_indicus_01.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_03.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_01.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_02.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_03.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_04.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_05.jpeg Parupeneus_jansenii_01.png Parupeneus_jansenii_02.png Parupeneus_jansenii_03.jpg Parupeneus_multifasciatus_01.JPG Parupeneus_multifasciatus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_multifasciatus_03.JPG Parupeneus_multifasciatus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_multifasciatus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_pleurostigma_01.jpeg Parupeneus_procerigena_01.png Parupeneus_procerigena_02.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_01.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_02.JPG Parupeneus_rubescens_03.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_04.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_05.jpg Parupeneus_trifasciatus_01.jpg Parupeneus_trifasciatus_02.jpg Parupeneus_trifasciatus_03.jpg Pegasus_tetrabelos_01.jpg Pegasus_volitans_01.png Pegasus_volitans_02.jpg Pegasus_volitans_03.jpg Pegasus_volitans_04.jpg Pegasus_volitans_05.jpg Phycodurus_eques_01.jpg Phyllopteryx_taeniolatus_01.jpg Pseudophallus_starksii_01.jpg Pseudophallus_starksii_02.jpg Pseudophallus_starksii_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_01.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_02.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_04.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_05.jpg Pseudupeneus_maculatus_01.JPG Pseudupeneus_maculatus_02.JPG Pseudupeneus_maculatus_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_maculatus_04.jpg Pseudupeneus_maculatus_05.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_01.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_02.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_04.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_05.jpg Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_01.jpg Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_02.jpg Solegnathus_guentheri_01.jpg Solegnathus_hardwickii_01.jpg Solegnathus_hardwickii_02.jpg Solegnathus_robustus_01.jpg Solegnathus_spinosissimus_01.JPG Solegnathus_spinosissimus_02.jpg Solenostomus_cyanopterus_01.jpg Solenostomus_cyanopterus_02.jpg Solenostomus_paradoxus_01.jpg Solenostomus_paradoxus_02.jpg Solenostomus_paradoxus_03.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_01.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_02.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_03.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_04.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_05.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_01.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_02.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_03.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_04.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_05.jpg Synchiropus_apricus_01.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_01.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_03.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_04.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_05.jpg Synchiropus_calauropomus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_01.jpg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_02.png Synchiropus_goodenbeani_03.jpg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_04.jpg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_05.jpg Synchiropus_masudai_01.jpg Synchiropus_morrisoni_01.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_02.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_03.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_04.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_05.jpg Synchiropus_moyeri_01.jpg Synchiropus_moyeri_02.jpg Synchiropus_moyeri_03.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_ocellatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_03.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_04.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_05.jpeg Synchiropus_phaeton_01.JPG Synchiropus_phaeton_02.jpg Synchiropus_phaeton_03.jpg Synchiropus_phaeton_04.jpg Synchiropus_picturatus_01.jpg Synchiropus_picturatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_rameus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_rameus_02.jpg Synchiropus_rameus_03.jpg Synchiropus_sp_01.jpeg Synchiropus_splendidus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_splendidus_02.jpeg Synchiropus_splendidus_03.jpg Synchiropus_splendidus_04.jpg Synchiropus_splendidus_05.jpg Synchiropus_stellatus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_stellatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_stellatus_03.jpg Synchiropus_stellatus_04.jpg Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_02.jpg Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_03.jpg Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_04.jpg Syngnathus_abaster_01.jpg Syngnathus_abaster_02.jpg Syngnathus_abaster_03.jpg Syngnathus_acus_01.jpg Syngnathus_acus_02.jpg Syngnathus_auliscus_01.jpg Syngnathus_auliscus_02.jpg Syngnathus_auliscus_03.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_01.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_02.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_03.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_04.jpg Syngnathus_exilis_01.jpg Syngnathus_floridae_01.jpg Syngnathus_floridae_02.jpg Syngnathus_floridae_03.jpg Syngnathus_fuscus_02.png Syngnathus_fuscus_03.jpg Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_01.jpg Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_02.jpg Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_03.jpg Syngnathus_louisianae_01.jpg Syngnathus_louisianae_02.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_01.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_02.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_03.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_04.jpg Syngnathus_rostellatus_01.jpg Syngnathus_rostellatus_02.jpg Syngnathus_rostellatus_03.jpg Syngnathus_scovelli_01.jpg Syngnathus_scovelli_02.jpg Syngnathus_scovelli_03.jpg Syngnathus_springeri_01.jpg Syngnathus_springeri_02.jpg Syngnathus_taenionotus_01.jpg Syngnathus_typhle_01.jpg Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_01.jpg Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_02.jpg Upeneichthys_lineatus_01.jpg Upeneichthys_lineatus_02.jpg Upeneichthys_lineatus_03.jpg Upeneichthys_stotti_01.jpeg Upeneichthys_vlamingii_01.jpeg Upeneus_asymmetricus_01.jpeg Upeneus_asymmetricus_02.jpg Upeneus_australiae_01.jpeg Upeneus_australiae_02.jpg Upeneus_filifer_01.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_01.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_02.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_03.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_04.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_05.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_01.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_02.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_03.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_04.jpg Upeneus_moluccensis_01.jpg Upeneus_moluccensis_02.jpg Upeneus_moluccensis_03.jpg Upeneus_nigromarginatus_01.jpg Upeneus_quadrilineatus_01.jpg Upeneus_quadrilineatus_02.jpg Upeneus_quadrilineatus_03.jpg Upeneus_sulphureus_01.jpeg Upeneus_sundaicus_01.jpeg Upeneus_torres_01.jpeg Upeneus_tragula_01.jpeg Vanacampus_phillipi_01.jpg Vanacampus_phillipi_02.jpg Vanacampus_phillipi_04.jpg Vanacampus_poecilolaemus_01.jpg -"Shapes" folder containing digitalized data for 474 specimens after placing landmarks and curves on the photos: Aeoliscus_strigatus_01.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_02.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_03.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_04.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_05.txt Anaora_tentaculata_01.txt Anaora_tentaculata_02.txt Anaora_tentaculata_03.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_01.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_02.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_03.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_04.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_05.txt Aulostomus_maculatus_01.txt Aulostomus_maculatus_02.txt Aulostomus_maculatus_04.txt Bryx_randalli_01.txt Callionymidae_sp_01.txt Callionymus_australis_01.txt Callionymus_bairdi_01.txt Callionymus_bairdi_03.txt Callionymus_bairdi_04.txt Callionymus_bairdi_05.txt Callionymus_belcheri_01.txt Callionymus_belcheri_02.txt Callionymus_belcheri_03.txt Callionymus_calcaratus_01.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_01.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_02.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_03.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_04.txt Callionymus_delicatulus_02.txt Callionymus_grossi_01.txt Callionymus_limiceps_01.txt Callionymus_lunatus_01.txt Callionymus_lunatus_02.txt Callionymus_lunatus_03.txt Callionymus_lunatus_04.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_01.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_02.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_03.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_04.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_05.txt Callionymus_moretonensis_01.txt Callionymus_moretonensis_02.txt Callionymus_ogilbyi_01.txt Callionymus_russelli_01.txt Callionymus_russelli_02.txt Callionymus_russelli_03.txt Callionymus_scaber_01.txt Callionymus_scaber_02.txt Callionymus_scaber_03.txt Callionymus_sereti_01.txt Callionymus_sp1_01.txt Callionymus_sp2_01.txt Centriscops_humerosus_01.txt Centriscops_humerosus_02.txt Centriscops_humerosus_03.txt Centriscops_humerosus_04.txt Centriscus_cristatus_01.txt Centriscus_cristatus_02.txt Centriscus_scutatus_01.txt Centriscus_scutatus_02.txt Centriscus_scutatus_03.txt Centriscus_scutatus_04.txt Centriscus_scutatus_05.txt Choeroichthys_sculptus_01.txt Choeroichthys_sculptus_02.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_02.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_03.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_04.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_05.txt Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_01.txt Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_02.txt Corythoichthys_haematopterus_01.txt Corythoichthys_haematopterus_02.txt Corythoichthys_haematopterus_03.txt Corythoichthys_intestinalis_02.txt Corythoichthys_intestinalis_03.txt Corythoichthys_intestinalis_04.txt Corythoichthys_schultzi_02.txt Corythoichthys_schultzi_03.txt Corythoichthys_schultzi_04.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_01.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_02.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_03.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_04.txt Cosmocampus_arctus_01.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_01.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_02.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_03.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_04.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_01.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_02.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_03.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_04.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_05.txt Dactyloptena_papilio_01.txt Dactyloptena_papilio_02.txt Dactyloptena_peterseni_01.txt Dactyloptena_peterseni_03.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_01.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_02.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_03.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_04.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_01.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_02.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_03.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_04.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_05.txt Diplogrammus_goramensis_01.txt Diplogrammus_goramensis_02.txt Diplogrammus_goramensis_03.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_01.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_02.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_03.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_04.txt Doryichthys_boaja_01.txt Doryichthys_boaja_02.txt Doryichthys_boaja_03.txt Doryichthys_boaja_04.txt Doryichthys_martensii_01.txt Doryichthys_martensii_02.txt Doryichthys_martensii_03.txt Doryrhamphus_excisus_01.txt Doryrhamphus_excisus_02.txt Doryrhamphus_excisus_04.txt Doryrhamphus_janssi_01.txt Doryrhamphus_janssi_02.txt Doryrhamphus_janssi_03.txt Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_01.txt Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_02.txt Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_03.txt Draconetta_xenica_01.txt Draconetta_xenica_02.txt Draculo_mirabilis_01.txt Draculo_mirabilis_02.txt Dunckerocampus_dactyliophorus_01.txt Dunckerocampus_pessuliferus_01.txt Enneacampus_ansorgii_01.txt Entelurus_aequoreus_01.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_01.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_02.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_03.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_04.txt Festucalex_wassi_01.txt Filicampus_tigris_01.txt Fistularia_commersonii_01.txt Fistularia_commersonii_02.txt Fistularia_corneta_01.txt Fistularia_corneta_02.txt Fistularia_corneta_03.txt Fistularia_petimba_01.txt Fistularia_petimba_02.txt Fistularia_petimba_03.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_01.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_02.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_03.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_04.txt Halicampus_crinitus_01.txt Halicampus_dunckeri_01.txt Halicampus_dunckeri_02.txt Haliichthys_taeniophorus_01.txt Hippichthys_penicillus_01.txt Hippichthys_penicillus_02.txt Hippichthys_penicillus_03.txt Hippocampus_abdominalis_01.txt Hippocampus_abdominalis_02.txt Hippocampus_abdominalis_03.txt Hippocampus_abdominalis_04.txt Hippocampus_barbouri_01.txt Hippocampus_comes_01.txt Hippocampus_erectus_01.txt Hippocampus_erectus_02.txt Hippocampus_erectus_03.txt Hippocampus_erectus_04.txt Hippocampus_histrix_01.txt Hippocampus_histrix_02.txt Hippocampus_ingens_01.txt Hippocampus_ingens_02.txt Hippocampus_ingens_03.txt Hippocampus_ingens_04.txt Hippocampus_ingens_05.txt Hippocampus_kelloggi_01.txt Hippocampus_kuda_01.txt Hippocampus_kuda_02.txt Hippocampus_kuda_03.txt Hippocampus_kuda_04.txt Hippocampus_reidi_01.txt Hippocampus_reidi_02.txt Hippocampus_subelongatus_01.txt Hippocampus_zosterae_01.txt Hippocampus_zosterae_02.txt Hippocampus_zosterae_03.txt Hypselognathus_rostratus_01.txt Idiotropiscis_lumnitzeri_01.txt Idiotropiscis_lumnitzeri_02.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_01.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_02.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_03.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_04.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_01.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_02.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_03.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_04.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_05.txt Micrognathus_andersonii_01.txt Micrognathus_andersonii_02.txt Micrognathus_andersonii_03.txt Microphis_brachyurus_01.txt Microphis_brachyurus_02.txt Microphis_brachyurus_03.txt Microphis_brachyurus_04.txt Microphis_lineatus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_02.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_03.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_04.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_02.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_03.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_04.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_02.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_03.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_04.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_05.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_01.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_02.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_03.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_04.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_05.txt Mullus_argentinae_01.txt Mullus_argentinae_02.txt Mullus_auratus_01.txt Mullus_auratus_02.txt Mullus_auratus_03.txt Mullus_auratus_04.txt Nerophis_ophidion_01.txt Nerophis_ophidion_02.txt Nerophis_ophidion_03.txt Notopogon_fernandezianus_01.txt Notopogon_fernandezianus_02.txt Notopogon_fernandezianus_03.txt Notopogon_lilliei_01.txt Notopogon_lilliei_02.txt Notopogon_lilliei_03.txt Notopogon_xenosoma_01.txt Notopogon_xenosoma_02.txt Notopogon_xenosoma_03.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_01.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_02.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_03.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_04.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_05.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_01.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_02.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_03.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_04.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_05.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_01.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_02.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_03.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_04.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_01.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_02.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_03.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_04.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_05.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_01.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_02.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_03.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_04.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_05.txt Parupeneus_inayatae_01.txt Parupeneus_indicus_01.txt Parupeneus_indicus_02.txt Parupeneus_indicus_03.txt Parupeneus_indicus_04.txt Parupeneus_indicus_05.txt Parupeneus_insularis_01.txt Parupeneus_insularis_02.txt Parupeneus_insularis_03.txt Parupeneus_insularis_04.txt Parupeneus_insularis_05.txt Parupeneus_jansenii_01.txt Parupeneus_jansenii_02.txt Parupeneus_jansenii_03.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_01.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_02.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_03.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_04.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_05.txt Parupeneus_pleurostigma_01.txt Parupeneus_procerigena_01.txt Parupeneus_procerigena_02.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_01.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_02.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_03.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_04.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_05.txt Parupeneus_trifasciatus_01.txt Parupeneus_trifasciatus_02.txt Parupeneus_trifasciatus_03.txt Pegasus_tetrabelos_01.txt Pegasus_volitans_01.txt Pegasus_volitans_02.txt Pegasus_volitans_03.txt Pegasus_volitans_04.txt Pegasus_volitans_05.txt Phycodurus_eques_01.txt Phyllopteryx_taeniolatus_01.txt Pseudophallus_starksii_01.txt Pseudophallus_starksii_02.txt Pseudophallus_starksii_03.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_01.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_02.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_03.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_04.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_05.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_01.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_02.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_03.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_04.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_05.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_01.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_02.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_03.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_04.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_05.txt Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_01.txt Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_02.txt Solegnathus_guentheri_01.txt Solegnathus_hardwickii_01.txt Solegnathus_hardwickii_02.txt Solegnathus_robustus_01.txt Solegnathus_spinosissimus_01.txt Solegnathus_spinosissimus_02.txt Solenostomus_cyanopterus_01.txt Solenostomus_cyanopterus_02.txt Solenostomus_paradoxus_01.txt Solenostomus_paradoxus_02.txt Solenostomus_paradoxus_03.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_01.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_02.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_03.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_04.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_05.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_01.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_02.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_03.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_04.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_05.txt Synchiropus_apricus_01.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_01.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_02.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_03.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_04.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_05.txt Synchiropus_calauropomus_01.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_01.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_02.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_03.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_04.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_05.txt Synchiropus_masudai_01.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_01.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_02.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_03.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_04.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_05.txt Synchiropus_moyeri_01.txt Synchiropus_moyeri_02.txt Synchiropus_moyeri_03.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_01.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_02.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_03.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_04.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_05.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_01.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_02.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_03.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_04.txt Synchiropus_picturatus_01.txt Synchiropus_picturatus_02.txt Synchiropus_rameus_01.txt Synchiropus_rameus_02.txt Synchiropus_rameus_03.txt Synchiropus_sp_01.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_01.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_02.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_03.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_04.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_05.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_01.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_02.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_03.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_04.txt Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_02.txt Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_03.txt Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_04.txt Syngnathus_abaster_01.txt Syngnathus_abaster_02.txt Syngnathus_abaster_03.txt Syngnathus_acus_01.txt Syngnathus_acus_02.txt Syngnathus_auliscus_01.txt Syngnathus_auliscus_02.txt Syngnathus_auliscus_03.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_01.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_02.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_03.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_04.txt Syngnathus_exilis_01.txt Syngnathus_floridae_01.txt Syngnathus_floridae_02.txt Syngnathus_floridae_03.txt Syngnathus_fuscus_02.txt Syngnathus_fuscus_03.txt Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_01.txt Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_02.txt Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_03.txt Syngnathus_louisianae_01.txt Syngnathus_louisianae_02.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_01.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_02.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_03.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_04.txt Syngnathus_rostellatus_01.txt Syngnathus_rostellatus_02.txt Syngnathus_rostellatus_03.txt Syngnathus_scovelli_01.txt Syngnathus_scovelli_02.txt Syngnathus_scovelli_03.txt Syngnathus_springeri_01.txt Syngnathus_springeri_02.txt Syngnathus_taenionotus_01.txt Syngnathus_typhle_01.txt Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_01.txt Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_02.txt Upeneichthys_lineatus_01.txt Upeneichthys_lineatus_02.txt Upeneichthys_lineatus_03.txt Upeneichthys_stotti_01.txt Upeneichthys_vlamingii_01.txt Upeneus_asymmetricus_01.txt Upeneus_asymmetricus_02.txt Upeneus_australiae_01.txt Upeneus_australiae_02.txt Upeneus_filifer_01.txt Upeneus_guttatus_01.txt Upeneus_guttatus_02.txt Upeneus_guttatus_03.txt Upeneus_guttatus_04.txt Upeneus_guttatus_05.txt Upeneus_japonicus_01.txt Upeneus_japonicus_02.txt Upeneus_japonicus_03.txt Upeneus_japonicus_04.txt Upeneus_moluccensis_01.txt Upeneus_moluccensis_02.txt Upeneus_moluccensis_03.txt Upeneus_nigromarginatus_01.txt Upeneus_quadrilineatus_01.txt Upeneus_quadrilineatus_02.txt Upeneus_quadrilineatus_03.txt Upeneus_sulphureus_01.txt Upeneus_sundaicus_01.txt Upeneus_torres_01.txt Upeneus_tragula_01.txt Vanacampus_phillipi_01.txt Vanacampus_phillipi_02.txt Vanacampus_phillipi_04.txt Vanacampus_poecilolaemus_01.txt -&gt;"Body-shape" folder: 1. Bodyshape_geometric-morphometrics.R- geometric-morphometric analyses: Place landmarks and curves, Procrustes analyses, Morphospaces, morphological disparity with PC and pPC data, quantifying disparity using hypervolumes and pPCA scores, morphological disparity through time analyses (model fitting) 2. Bodyshape_BAMM.R- calculate priors and run bamm on the terminal bamm.sh (same as for lineage diversification analyses), plot tip-associated morphological evolutionary rates, perform statistical analyses (Phylogenetically-corrected non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test) 3. bamm.sh- run BAMM to calculate tip-associated morphological evolutionary rates. Return to Bodyshape_BAMM.R to check if the results converged -Input files: -Species_by_area_InputpPCA.csv- species divided by areas -pPCScores_Bodyshape_Mastertree_Byfamily.csv- pPC scores for full-body dataset -PCScores_BODY_SHAPE_lm_cv_Byfamily_InputpPCA.csv- PC scores for full-body dataset -PCScores_BodyShape_lm_cv_Byfamily.csv- PC scores for full-body dataset organized by family -PCScores_BodyShape_lm_cv_BetweenAreas.csv- PC scores for a full-body dataset with distribution information -Distribution_Syngnatharia.csv- distribution data -landmarks.txt- homologous landmarks -curves.txt- curves used -CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML.tre -CalibratedTree_Expanded_RelTime_matrix75_RAXML_modified.tre -alltrees_RelT.tre -"Photos" folder containing photos for 442 specimens: Aeoliscus_strigatus_01.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_02.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_03.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_04.jpg Aeoliscus_strigatus_05.jpg Anaora_tentaculata_01.jpg Anaora_tentaculata_02.jpg Anaora_tentaculata_03.jpg Aulostomus_chinensis_01.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_02.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_03.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_04.jpeg Aulostomus_chinensis_05.jpeg Aulostomus_maculatus_01.JPG Aulostomus_maculatus_02.jpg Aulostomus_maculatus_04.jpeg Bryx_randalli_01.jpg Callionymidae_sp_01.jpg Callionymus_australis_01.jpg Callionymus_bairdi_01.png Callionymus_bairdi_03.jpg Callionymus_bairdi_04.jpg Callionymus_bairdi_05.jpg Callionymus_belcheri_01.jpg Callionymus_belcheri_02.jpg Callionymus_belcheri_03.jpeg Callionymus_calcaratus_01.jpeg Callionymus_curvicornis_01.jpg Callionymus_curvicornis_02.jpg Callionymus_curvicornis_03.jpg Callionymus_curvicornis_04.jpg Callionymus_delicatulus_02.jpg Callionymus_grossi_01.jpg Callionymus_limiceps_01.jpeg Callionymus_lunatus_01.jpg Callionymus_lunatus_02.jpg Callionymus_lunatus_03.jpg Callionymus_lunatus_04.jpg Callionymus_marquesensis_01.jpg Callionymus_marquesensis_02.jpeg Callionymus_marquesensis_03.jpeg Callionymus_marquesensis_04.jpg Callionymus_marquesensis_05.jpeg Callionymus_moretonensis_01.jpg Callionymus_moretonensis_02.jpg Callionymus_ogilbyi_01.jpg Callionymus_russelli_01.jpg Callionymus_russelli_02.jpg Callionymus_russelli_03.jpg Callionymus_scaber_01.jpg Callionymus_scaber_02.jpg Callionymus_scaber_03.jpeg Callionymus_sereti_01.jpg Callionymus_sp1_01.jpg Callionymus_sp2_01.JPG Centriscops_humerosus_01.jpg Centriscops_humerosus_02.jpg Centriscops_humerosus_03.jpg Centriscops_humerosus_04.jpg Centriscus_cristatus_01.jpg Centriscus_cristatus_02.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_01.jpeg Centriscus_scutatus_02.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_03.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_04.jpg Centriscus_scutatus_05.jpeg Choeroichthys_sculptus_01.jpg Choeroichthys_sculptus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_03.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_04.jpg Corythoichthys_amplexus_05.jpg Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_01.jpg Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_haematopterus_01.jpg Corythoichthys_haematopterus_02.jpg Corythoichthys_haematopterus_03.jpg Corythoichthys_intestinalis_02.jpg Corythoichthys_intestinalis_03.jpg Corythoichthys_intestinalis_04.jpg Corythoichthys_schultzi_02.jpg Corythoichthys_schultzi_03.jpg Corythoichthys_schultzi_04.jpg Cosmocampus_albirostris_01.JPG Cosmocampus_albirostris_02.JPG Cosmocampus_albirostris_03.jpg Cosmocampus_albirostris_04.JPG Cosmocampus_arctus_01.jpg Cosmocampus_elucens_01.JPG Cosmocampus_elucens_02.JPG Cosmocampus_elucens_03.JPG Cosmocampus_elucens_04.JPG Dactyloptena_orientalis_01.jpeg Dactyloptena_orientalis_02.jpg Dactyloptena_orientalis_03.jpg Dactyloptena_orientalis_04.jpg Dactyloptena_orientalis_05.JPG Dactyloptena_papilio_01.jpeg Dactyloptena_papilio_02.jpg Dactyloptena_peterseni_01.jpeg Dactyloptena_peterseni_03.jpeg Dactylopterus_volitans_01.jpg Dactylopterus_volitans_02.JPG Dactylopterus_volitans_03.jpg Dactylopterus_volitans_04.JPG Dactylopus_dactylopus_01.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_02.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_03.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_04.jpeg Dactylopus_dactylopus_05.jpeg Diplogrammus_goramensis_01.jpg Diplogrammus_goramensis_02.jpg Diplogrammus_goramensis_03.jpeg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_01.jpg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_02.jpg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_03.jpg Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_04.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_01.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_02.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_03.jpg Doryichthys_boaja_04.jpg Doryichthys_martensii_01.jpg Doryichthys_martensii_02.jpg Doryichthys_martensii_03.jpg Doryrhamphus_excisus_01.jpg Doryrhamphus_excisus_02.jpg Doryrhamphus_excisus_04.jpg Doryrhamphus_janssi_01.jpg Doryrhamphus_janssi_02.jpg Doryrhamphus_janssi_03.jpg Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_01.jpg Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_02.jpg Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_03.jpg Draconetta_xenica_01.jpeg Draconetta_xenica_02.jpeg Draculo_mirabilis_01.jpg Draculo_mirabilis_02.jpg Dunckerocampus_dactyliophorus_01.jpg Dunckerocampus_pessuliferus_01.jpg Enneacampus_ansorgii_01.jpg Entelurus_aequoreus_01.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_01.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_02.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_03.jpg Eurypegasus_draconis_04.jpg Festucalex_wassi_01.jpg Filicampus_tigris_01.jpg Fistularia_commersonii_01.JPG Fistularia_commersonii_02.jpeg Fistularia_corneta_01.jpg Fistularia_corneta_02.JPG Fistularia_corneta_03.JPG Fistularia_petimba_01.jpg Fistularia_petimba_02.JPG Fistularia_petimba_03.JPG Fistularia_tabacaria_01.jpg Fistularia_tabacaria_02.JPG Fistularia_tabacaria_03.JPG Fistularia_tabacaria_04.JPG Halicampus_crinitus_01.png Halicampus_dunckeri_01.jpg Halicampus_dunckeri_02.jpg Haliichthys_taeniophorus_01.jpg Hippichthys_penicillus_01.jpg Hippichthys_penicillus_02.jpg Hippichthys_penicillus_03.jpg Hypselognathus_rostratus_01.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_01.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_02.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_03.jpg Macroramphosus_gracilis_04.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_01.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_02.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_03.png Macroramphosus_scolopax_04.jpg Macroramphosus_scolopax_05.jpeg Micrognathus_andersonii_01.jpg Micrognathus_andersonii_02.jpg Micrognathus_andersonii_03.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_01.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_02.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_03.jpg Microphis_brachyurus_04.jpg Microphis_lineatus_01.jpg Mulloidichthys_dentatus_01.JPG Mulloidichthys_dentatus_02.JPG Mulloidichthys_dentatus_03.jpg Mulloidichthys_dentatus_04.JPG Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_01.jpeg Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_02.jpeg Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_03.jpeg Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_04.jpeg Mulloidichthys_martinicus_01.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_02.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_03.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_04.JPG Mulloidichthys_martinicus_05.jpeg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_01.jpeg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_02.jpeg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_03.jpg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_04.jpg Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_05.jpg Mullus_argentinae_01.jpg Mullus_argentinae_02.jpg Mullus_auratus_01.jpg Mullus_auratus_02.jpg Mullus_auratus_03.jpg Mullus_auratus_04.jpg Nerophis_ophidion_01.jpg Nerophis_ophidion_02.jpg Nerophis_ophidion_03.jpg Notopogon_fernandezianus_01.jpg Notopogon_fernandezianus_02.jpg Notopogon_fernandezianus_03.jpg Notopogon_lilliei_01.jpg Notopogon_lilliei_02.jpg Notopogon_lilliei_03.jpg Notopogon_xenosoma_01.jpg Notopogon_xenosoma_02.jpg Notopogon_xenosoma_03.jpg Parupeneus_barberinoides_01.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_02.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_03.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_04.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinoides_05.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_01.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_03.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_barberinus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_01.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_02.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_03.jpeg Parupeneus_crassilabris_04.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_01.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_03.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_cyclostomus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_forsskali_01.jpeg Parupeneus_forsskali_02.jpg Parupeneus_forsskali_03.jpg Parupeneus_forsskali_04.jpg Parupeneus_forsskali_05.jpg Parupeneus_inayatae_01.jpg Parupeneus_indicus_01.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_03.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_indicus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_01.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_02.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_03.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_04.jpeg Parupeneus_insularis_05.jpeg Parupeneus_jansenii_01.png Parupeneus_jansenii_02.png Parupeneus_jansenii_03.jpg Parupeneus_multifasciatus_01.JPG Parupeneus_multifasciatus_02.jpeg Parupeneus_multifasciatus_03.JPG Parupeneus_multifasciatus_04.jpeg Parupeneus_multifasciatus_05.jpeg Parupeneus_pleurostigma_01.jpeg Parupeneus_procerigena_01.png Parupeneus_procerigena_02.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_01.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_02.JPG Parupeneus_rubescens_03.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_04.jpg Parupeneus_rubescens_05.jpg Parupeneus_trifasciatus_01.jpg Parupeneus_trifasciatus_02.jpg Parupeneus_trifasciatus_03.jpg Pegasus_tetrabelos_01.jpg Pegasus_volitans_01.png Pegasus_volitans_02.jpg Pegasus_volitans_03.jpg Pegasus_volitans_04.jpg Pegasus_volitans_05.jpg Pseudophallus_starksii_01.jpg Pseudophallus_starksii_02.jpg Pseudophallus_starksii_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_01.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_02.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_04.jpg Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_05.jpg Pseudupeneus_maculatus_01.JPG Pseudupeneus_maculatus_02.JPG Pseudupeneus_maculatus_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_maculatus_04.jpg Pseudupeneus_maculatus_05.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_01.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_02.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_03.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_04.jpg Pseudupeneus_prayensis_05.jpg Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_01.jpg Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_02.jpg Solegnathus_guentheri_01.jpg Solegnathus_hardwickii_01.jpg Solegnathus_hardwickii_02.jpg Solegnathus_robustus_01.jpg Solegnathus_spinosissimus_01.JPG Solegnathus_spinosissimus_02.jpg Solenostomus_cyanopterus_01.jpg Solenostomus_cyanopterus_02.jpg Solenostomus_paradoxus_01.jpg Solenostomus_paradoxus_02.jpg Solenostomus_paradoxus_03.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_01.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_02.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_03.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_04.jpg Synchiropus_agassizii_05.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_01.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_02.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_03.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_04.jpg Synchiropus_altivelis_05.jpg Synchiropus_apricus_01.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_01.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_03.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_04.jpg Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_05.jpg Synchiropus_calauropomus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_01.jpg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_02.png Synchiropus_goodenbeani_03.jpg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_04.jpg Synchiropus_goodenbeani_05.jpg Synchiropus_masudai_01.jpg Synchiropus_morrisoni_01.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_02.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_03.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_04.jpeg Synchiropus_morrisoni_05.jpg Synchiropus_moyeri_01.jpg Synchiropus_moyeri_02.jpg Synchiropus_moyeri_03.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_ocellatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_03.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_04.jpg Synchiropus_ocellatus_05.jpeg Synchiropus_phaeton_01.JPG Synchiropus_phaeton_02.jpg Synchiropus_phaeton_03.jpg Synchiropus_phaeton_04.jpg Synchiropus_picturatus_01.jpg Synchiropus_picturatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_rameus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_rameus_02.jpg Synchiropus_rameus_03.jpg Synchiropus_sp_01.jpeg Synchiropus_splendidus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_splendidus_02.jpeg Synchiropus_splendidus_03.jpg Synchiropus_splendidus_04.jpg Synchiropus_splendidus_05.jpg Synchiropus_stellatus_01.jpeg Synchiropus_stellatus_02.jpg Synchiropus_stellatus_03.jpg Synchiropus_stellatus_04.jpg Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_02.jpg Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_03.jpg Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_04.jpg Syngnathus_abaster_01.jpg Syngnathus_abaster_02.jpg Syngnathus_abaster_03.jpg Syngnathus_acus_01.jpg Syngnathus_acus_02.jpg Syngnathus_auliscus_01.jpg Syngnathus_auliscus_02.jpg Syngnathus_auliscus_03.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_01.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_02.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_03.jpg Syngnathus_californiensis_04.jpg Syngnathus_exilis_01.jpg Syngnathus_floridae_01.jpg Syngnathus_floridae_02.jpg Syngnathus_floridae_03.jpg Syngnathus_fuscus_02.png Syngnathus_fuscus_03.jpg Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_01.jpg Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_02.jpg Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_03.jpg Syngnathus_louisianae_01.jpg Syngnathus_louisianae_02.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_01.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_02.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_03.jpg Syngnathus_pelagicus_04.jpg Syngnathus_rostellatus_01.jpg Syngnathus_rostellatus_02.jpg Syngnathus_rostellatus_03.jpg Syngnathus_scovelli_01.jpg Syngnathus_scovelli_02.jpg Syngnathus_scovelli_03.jpg Syngnathus_springeri_01.jpg Syngnathus_springeri_02.jpg Syngnathus_taenionotus_01.jpg Syngnathus_typhle_01.jpg Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_01.jpg Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_02.jpg Upeneichthys_lineatus_01.jpg Upeneichthys_lineatus_02.jpg Upeneichthys_lineatus_03.jpg Upeneichthys_stotti_01.jpeg Upeneichthys_vlamingii_01.jpeg Upeneus_asymmetricus_01.jpeg Upeneus_asymmetricus_02.jpg Upeneus_australiae_01.jpeg Upeneus_australiae_02.jpg Upeneus_filifer_01.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_01.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_02.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_03.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_04.jpg Upeneus_guttatus_05.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_01.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_02.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_03.jpg Upeneus_japonicus_04.jpg Upeneus_moluccensis_01.jpg Upeneus_moluccensis_02.jpg Upeneus_moluccensis_03.jpg Upeneus_nigromarginatus_01.jpg Upeneus_quadrilineatus_01.jpg Upeneus_quadrilineatus_02.jpg Upeneus_quadrilineatus_03.jpg Upeneus_sulphureus_01.jpeg Upeneus_sundaicus_01.jpeg Upeneus_torres_01.jpeg Upeneus_tragula_01.jpeg Vanacampus_phillipi_01.jpg Vanacampus_phillipi_02.jpg Vanacampus_phillipi_04.jpg Vanacampus_poecilolaemus_01.jpg -"Shapes" folder containing digitalized data for 442 specimens after placing landmarks and curves on the photos: Aeoliscus_strigatus_01.jpeg Aeoliscus_strigatus_02.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_03.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_04.txt Aeoliscus_strigatus_05.txt Anaora_tentaculata_01.txt Anaora_tentaculata_02.txt Anaora_tentaculata_03.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_01.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_02.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_03.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_04.txt Aulostomus_chinensis_05.txt Aulostomus_maculatus_01.txt Aulostomus_maculatus_02.txt Aulostomus_maculatus_04.txt Bryx_randalli_01.txt Callionymidae_sp_01.txt Callionymus_australis_01.txt Callionymus_bairdi_01.txt Callionymus_bairdi_03.txt Callionymus_bairdi_04.txt Callionymus_bairdi_05.txt Callionymus_belcheri_01.txt Callionymus_belcheri_02.txt Callionymus_belcheri_03.txt Callionymus_calcaratus_01.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_01.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_02.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_03.txt Callionymus_curvicornis_04.txt Callionymus_delicatulus_02.txt Callionymus_grossi_01.txt Callionymus_limiceps_01.txt Callionymus_lunatus_01.txt Callionymus_lunatus_02.txt Callionymus_lunatus_03.txt Callionymus_lunatus_04.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_01.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_02.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_03.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_04.txt Callionymus_marquesensis_05.txt Callionymus_moretonensis_01.txt Callionymus_moretonensis_02.txt Callionymus_ogilbyi_01.txt Callionymus_russelli_01.txt Callionymus_russelli_02.txt Callionymus_russelli_03.txt Callionymus_scaber_01.txt Callionymus_scaber_02.txt Callionymus_scaber_03.txt Callionymus_sereti_01.txt Callionymus_sp1_01.txt Callionymus_sp2_01.txt Centriscops_humerosus_01.txt Centriscops_humerosus_02.txt Centriscops_humerosus_03.txt Centriscops_humerosus_04.txt Centriscus_cristatus_01.txt Centriscus_cristatus_02.txt Centriscus_scutatus_01.txt Centriscus_scutatus_02.txt Centriscus_scutatus_03.txt Centriscus_scutatus_04.txt Centriscus_scutatus_05.txt Choeroichthys_sculptus_01.txt Choeroichthys_sculptus_02.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_02.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_03.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_04.txt Corythoichthys_amplexus_05.txt Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_01.txt Corythoichthys_flavofasciatus_02.txt Corythoichthys_haematopterus_01.txt Corythoichthys_haematopterus_02.txt Corythoichthys_haematopterus_03.txt Corythoichthys_intestinalis_02.txt Corythoichthys_intestinalis_03.txt Corythoichthys_intestinalis_04.txt Corythoichthys_schultzi_02.txt Corythoichthys_schultzi_03.txt Corythoichthys_schultzi_04.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_01.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_02.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_03.txt Cosmocampus_albirostris_04.txt Cosmocampus_arctus_01.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_01.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_02.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_03.txt Cosmocampus_elucens_04.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_01.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_02.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_03.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_04.txt Dactyloptena_orientalis_05.txt Dactyloptena_papilio_01.txt Dactyloptena_papilio_02.txt Dactyloptena_peterseni_01.txt Dactyloptena_peterseni_03.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_01.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_02.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_03.txt Dactylopterus_volitans_04.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_01.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_02.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_03.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_04.txt Dactylopus_dactylopus_05.txt Diplogrammus_goramensis_01.txt Diplogrammus_goramensis_02.txt Diplogrammus_goramensis_03.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_01.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_02.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_03.txt Diplogrammus_pauciradiatus_04.txt Doryichthys_boaja_01.txt Doryichthys_boaja_02.txt Doryichthys_boaja_03.txt Doryichthys_boaja_04.txt Doryichthys_martensii_01.txt Doryichthys_martensii_02.txt Doryichthys_martensii_03.txt Doryrhamphus_excisus_01.txt Doryrhamphus_excisus_02.txt Doryrhamphus_excisus_04.txt Doryrhamphus_janssi_01.txt Doryrhamphus_janssi_02.txt Doryrhamphus_janssi_03.txt Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_01.txt Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_02.txt Doryrhamphus_melanopleura_03.txt Draconetta_xenica_01.txt Draconetta_xenica_02.txt Draculo_mirabilis_01.txt Draculo_mirabilis_02.txt Dunckerocampus_dactyliophorus_01.txt Dunckerocampus_pessuliferus_01.txt Enneacampus_ansorgii_01.txt Entelurus_aequoreus_01.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_01.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_02.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_03.txt Eurypegasus_draconis_04.txt Festucalex_wassi_01.txt Filicampus_tigris_01.txt Fistularia_commersonii_01.txt Fistularia_commersonii_02.txt Fistularia_corneta_01.txt Fistularia_corneta_02.txt Fistularia_corneta_03.txt Fistularia_petimba_01.txt Fistularia_petimba_02.txt Fistularia_petimba_03.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_01.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_02.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_03.txt Fistularia_tabacaria_04.txt Halicampus_crinitus_01.txt Halicampus_dunckeri_01.txt Halicampus_dunckeri_02.txt Haliichthys_taeniophorus_01.txt Hippichthys_penicillus_01.txt Hippichthys_penicillus_02.txt Hippichthys_penicillus_03.txt Hypselognathus_rostratus_01.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_01.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_02.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_03.txt Macroramphosus_gracilis_04.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_01.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_02.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_03.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_04.txt Macroramphosus_scolopax_05.txt Micrognathus_andersonii_01.txt Micrognathus_andersonii_02.txt Micrognathus_andersonii_03.txt Microphis_brachyurus_01.txt Microphis_brachyurus_02.txt Microphis_brachyurus_03.txt Microphis_brachyurus_04.txt Microphis_lineatus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_02.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_03.txt Mulloidichthys_dentatus_04.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_02.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_03.txt Mulloidichthys_flavolineatus_04.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_01.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_02.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_03.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_04.txt Mulloidichthys_martinicus_05.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_01.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_02.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_03.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_04.txt Mulloidichthys_vanicolensis_05.txt Mullus_argentinae_01.txt Mullus_argentinae_02.txt Mullus_auratus_01.txt Mullus_auratus_02.txt Mullus_auratus_03.txt Mullus_auratus_04.txt Nerophis_ophidion_01.txt Nerophis_ophidion_02.txt Nerophis_ophidion_03.txt Notopogon_fernandezianus_01.txt Notopogon_fernandezianus_02.txt Notopogon_fernandezianus_03.txt Notopogon_lilliei_01.txt Notopogon_lilliei_02.txt Notopogon_lilliei_03.txt Notopogon_xenosoma_01.txt Notopogon_xenosoma_02.txt Notopogon_xenosoma_03.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_01.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_02.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_03.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_04.txt Parupeneus_barberinoides_05.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_01.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_02.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_03.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_04.txt Parupeneus_barberinus_05.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_01.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_02.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_03.txt Parupeneus_crassilabris_04.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_01.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_02.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_03.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_04.txt Parupeneus_cyclostomus_05.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_01.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_02.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_03.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_04.txt Parupeneus_forsskali_05.txt Parupeneus_inayatae_01.txt Parupeneus_indicus_01.txt Parupeneus_indicus_02.txt Parupeneus_indicus_03.txt Parupeneus_indicus_04.txt Parupeneus_indicus_05.txt Parupeneus_insularis_01.txt Parupeneus_insularis_02.txt Parupeneus_insularis_03.txt Parupeneus_insularis_04.txt Parupeneus_insularis_05.txt Parupeneus_jansenii_01.txt Parupeneus_jansenii_02.txt Parupeneus_jansenii_03.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_01.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_02.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_03.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_04.txt Parupeneus_multifasciatus_05.txt Parupeneus_pleurostigma_01.txt Parupeneus_procerigena_01.txt Parupeneus_procerigena_02.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_01.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_02.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_03.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_04.txt Parupeneus_rubescens_05.txt Parupeneus_trifasciatus_01.txt Parupeneus_trifasciatus_02.txt Parupeneus_trifasciatus_03.txt Pegasus_tetrabelos_01.txt Pegasus_volitans_01.txt Pegasus_volitans_02.txt Pegasus_volitans_03.txt Pegasus_volitans_04.txt Pegasus_volitans_05.txt Pseudophallus_starksii_01.txt Pseudophallus_starksii_02.txt Pseudophallus_starksii_03.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_01.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_02.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_03.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_04.txt Pseudupeneus_grandisquamis_05.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_01.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_02.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_03.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_04.txt Pseudupeneus_maculatus_05.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_01.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_02.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_03.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_04.txt Pseudupeneus_prayensis_05.txt Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_01.txt Siokunichthys_nigrolineatus_02.txt Solegnathus_guentheri_01.txt Solegnathus_hardwickii_01.txt Solegnathus_hardwickii_02.txt Solegnathus_robustus_01.txt Solegnathus_spinosissimus_01.txt Solegnathus_spinosissimus_02.txt Solenostomus_cyanopterus_01.txt Solenostomus_cyanopterus_02.txt Solenostomus_paradoxus_01.txt Solenostomus_paradoxus_02.txt Solenostomus_paradoxus_03.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_01.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_02.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_03.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_04.txt Synchiropus_agassizii_05.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_01.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_02.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_03.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_04.txt Synchiropus_altivelis_05.txt Synchiropus_apricus_01.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_01.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_02.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_03.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_04.txt Synchiropus_atrilabiatus_05.txt Synchiropus_calauropomus_01.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_01.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_02.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_03.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_04.txt Synchiropus_goodenbeani_05.txt Synchiropus_masudai_01.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_01.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_02.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_03.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_04.txt Synchiropus_morrisoni_05.txt Synchiropus_moyeri_01.txt Synchiropus_moyeri_02.txt Synchiropus_moyeri_03.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_01.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_02.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_03.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_04.txt Synchiropus_ocellatus_05.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_01.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_02.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_03.txt Synchiropus_phaeton_04.txt Synchiropus_picturatus_01.txt Synchiropus_picturatus_02.txt Synchiropus_rameus_01.txt Synchiropus_rameus_02.txt Synchiropus_rameus_03.txt Synchiropus_sp_01.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_01.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_02.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_03.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_04.txt Synchiropus_splendidus_05.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_01.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_02.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_03.txt Synchiropus_stellatus_04.txt Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_02.txt Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_03.txt Syngnathoides_biaculeatus_04.txt Syngnathus_abaster_01.txt Syngnathus_abaster_02.txt Syngnathus_abaster_03.txt Syngnathus_acus_01.txt Syngnathus_acus_02.txt Syngnathus_auliscus_01.txt Syngnathus_auliscus_02.txt Syngnathus_auliscus_03.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_01.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_02.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_03.txt Syngnathus_californiensis_04.txt Syngnathus_exilis_01.txt Syngnathus_floridae_01.txt Syngnathus_floridae_02.txt Syngnathus_floridae_03.txt Syngnathus_fuscus_02.txt Syngnathus_fuscus_03.txt Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_01.txt Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_02.txt Syngnathus_leptorhynchus_03.txt Syngnathus_louisianae_01.txt Syngnathus_louisianae_02.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_01.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_02.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_03.txt Syngnathus_pelagicus_04.txt Syngnathus_rostellatus_01.txt Syngnathus_rostellatus_02.txt Syngnathus_rostellatus_03.txt Syngnathus_scovelli_01.txt Syngnathus_scovelli_02.txt Syngnathus_scovelli_03.txt Syngnathus_springeri_01.txt Syngnathus_springeri_02.txt Syngnathus_taenionotus_01.txt Syngnathus_typhle_01.txt Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_01.txt Trachyrhamphus_bicoarctatus_02.txt Upeneichthys_lineatus_01.txt Upeneichthys_lineatus_02.txt Upeneichthys_lineatus_03.txt Upeneichthys_stotti_01.txt Upeneichthys_vlamingii_01.txt Upeneus_asymmetricus_01.txt Upeneus_asymmetricus_02.txt Upeneus_australiae_01.txt Upeneus_australiae_02.txt Upeneus_filifer_01.txt Upeneus_guttatus_01.txt Upeneus_guttatus_02.txt Upeneus_guttatus_03.txt Upeneus_guttatus_04.txt Upeneus_guttatus_05.txt Upeneus_japonicus_01.txt Upeneus_japonicus_02.txt Upeneus_japonicus_03.txt Upeneus_japonicus_04.txt Upeneus_moluccensis_01.txt Upeneus_moluccensis_02.txt Upeneus_moluccensis_03.txt Upeneus_nigromarginatus_01.txt Upeneus_quadrilineatus_01.txt Upeneus_quadrilineatus_02.txt Upeneus_quadrilineatus_03.txt Upeneus_sulphureus_01.txt Upeneus_sundaicus_01.txt Upeneus_torres_01.txt Upeneus_tragula_01.txt Vanacampus_phillipi_01.txt Vanacampus_phillipi_02.txt Vanacampus_phillipi_04.txt Vanacampus_poecilolaemus_01.txt ``` ## Code/software **Software:** ASTRAL-III v5.6.3 bamm v2.5.0 MACSE v2.03 MCMCTree (PAML v4.9) RAxML v8.2.4 RelTime treePL **R packages:** ade4 alphahull ape BAMMtools BioGeoBEARS circlize cladoRcpp coda congruification data.table DensiTree devtools dispRity FD geiger geomorph ggplot2 ggpubr grid gridExtra hisse hrbrthemes hypervolume lattice mvMORPH optimx parallel phangorn PhylogeneticEM phytools PMCMRplus qpcR RColorBrewer reshape2 rexpokit roxygen2 snow StereoMorph tidyverse treeio viridis wesanderson