DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8h154h65
title: Data from: Wing patterning gene redefines the mimetic history of Heliconius butterflies

description: The mimetic butterflies Heliconius erato and H. melpomene have undergone
 parallel radiations to form a near-identical patchwork of over 20
 different wing pattern races across the Neotropics. Previous molecular
 phylogenetic work on these radiations has suggested that similar but
 geographically disjunct color patterns arose multiple times independently
 in each species. The neutral markers used in these studies, however, can
 move freely across color pattern boundaries and therefore might not
 represent the history of the adaptive traits as accurately as markers
 linked to color pattern genes. To assess this, we compared relationships
 among races within H. erato and within H. melpomene using a series of
 unlinked genes, genes linked to color pattern loci, and optix - a gene
 recently shown to control red color pattern variation. We found that while
 unlinked genes partition populations by geographic region, optix had a
 different history, structuring lineages by red color patterns and
 supporting a single origin of red-rayed patterns within each species.
 Genes closely linked (80-250 KB) to optix exhibited only weak associations
 with color pattern. This study empirically demonstrates the necessity of
 examining phenotype-determining genomic regions to understand the history
 of adaptive change in rapidly radiating lineages. With these refined
 relationships, we resolve a long-standing debate about the origins of the
 races within each species, supporting the hypothesis that the red-rayed
 Amazonian pattern evolved recently and expanded, causing disjunctions of
 more ancestral patterns.
description: 2654eratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for a Proteasome 54kD subunit protein-coding sequence (referred to as 2654 in the manuscript) for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.2654melpomenePHASEDDNA sequence data for a Proteasome 54kD subunit protein-coding sequence (referred to as 2654 in the manuscript) for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.bveseratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for a partial protein-coding sequence of the gene bves for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.bvesmelpPHASEDDNA sequence data for a partial protein-coding sequence of the gene bves for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.CATeratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for a partial protein-coding sequence of the gene Catalase (Cat) for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.CATmelpomenePHASEDDNA sequence data for a partial protein-coding sequence of the gene Catalase (Cat) for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.GPCReratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for a partial protein-coding sequence of the gene G protein coupled receptor for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.GPCRmelpomenePHASEDDNA sequence data for a partial protein-coding sequence of the gene G protein coupled receptor for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.kin_melpPHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene kinesin for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.kineratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene kinesin for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.mteratoDNA sequence data for a sequenced fragment including mitochondrial COI-tRNALeu-COII for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing. Sequences can also be obtained in Genbank. Phylogenetic trees from neighbor-joining and Bayesian analyses are attached as a treeblock.mtmelpomeneDNA sequence data for a sequenced fragment including mitochondrial COI-tRNALeu-COII for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing. Sequences can also be obtained in Genbank. Phylogenetic trees from neighbor-joining and Bayesian analyses are attached as a treeblock.SUMOHeratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene SUMO-1 activating enzyme (sae-1) for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.SUMOHmelpomenePHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene SUMO-1 activating enzyme (sae-1) for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.Suz12eratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene Su(z)12 for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.Suz12melpomenePHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene Su(z)12 for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.VanGogheratoPHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene VanGogh for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.VanGoghmelpomenePHASEDDNA sequence data for the gene VanGogh for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. The file includes a treeblock containing a neighbor-joining tree constructed from this data using PAUP* and used in the study.optixeratoBayesDNA sequence data for a 3'UTR plus a patial protein coding sequence of the gene optix for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. Identical haplotypes were consolidated into one haplotype sequence. The resulting Bayesian tree is attached as a treeblock.optixmelpPHASEDHaplosDNA sequence data for a 3'UTR plus a patial protein coding sequence of the gene optix for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. Identical haplotypes were consolidated into one haplotype sequence. The resulting Bayesian tree is attached as a treeblock.optixeratoPHASEDNJDNA sequence data for a 3'UTR plus a patial protein coding sequence of the gene optix for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius erato. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. A neighbor-joining tree inferred using PAUP* is attached as a treeblock.optixmelpPHASEDNJDNA sequence data for a 3'UTR plus a patial protein coding sequence of the gene optix for multiple individuals for multiple races of Heliconius melpomene. The data is derived from direct sequencing, inferring polymorphisms from double peaks in the chromatograms. Haplotypes were determined by analytically phasing the data across all sequences using the program PHASE. Inferred sequence before phasing can be obtained in Genbank. A neighbor-joining tree inferred using PAUP* is attached as a treeblock.