cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.678
title: Thai legal control and liability of living modified organisms: a case study of LMO products

description: The modern biotechnology has a significant role in several fields, especially in pharmaceutical and agricultural areas. Responding to concern about risks to environmental and human health due to living modified organisms (LMOs) possessing novel combinations of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CPB) and Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (Supplementary Protocol) were issued.Thailand is the Party to the CPB and is considering ratifying the Supplementary Protocol resulting in the obligation to provide necessary and appropriate legal control and liability regarding all operations associated with LMOs. Yet, Thailand still has no specific law regulating LMO products, instead relying on extant laws. Controlling LMO products under diverse regulations creates an unsystematic and unstable control standard. Authority overlaps among agencies scattered in different ministries. Adequate legal control and liability on LMO products in Thailand was studied.Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to seek the adequate legal control and liability on LMO products. After a study of the international and foreign standards on LMOs controlling measures and the analysis of drawbacks and obstacles to the application of current regulations, it is recommended to provide the specific law because of the specific nature of LMOs.The provision should define ‘living modified organism’ according to the CPB standard, encompassing plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is also recommended to establish the ‘National Biosafety Committee’ to be in charge of providing suggestions regarding the regulation of LMO products. Besides, the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) should direct the regulating process, working with the related ministries, as appropriate for relevant LMO products.As for LMO products controlling measures, it is recommended to prescribe that LMO operations should be prohibited without approval from authorities. Operators should submit permission or notification forms with risk assessment reports before conducting operations. The regulation should also prescribe operator liability both in the event of damage, and there is a likelihood of damage to occur. Also, since LMO operations involve multiple sectors, liability should not be limited to any single individual.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.680
title: Judicial assistance for arbitration under section 14 of Thai Arbitration Act B.E. 2545

description: International Commercial Arbitration has become one of the most favored dispute resolution methods in this era with an increasingly globalized world economy. The benefits of the international commercial arbitration are substantial, but one of the most significant benefits is the neutrality of the forum, which means the ability to stay out of the other party’s court.Judicial assistance is proved to be crucial to every aspects of the arbitral proceeding. Courts have coercive power-that is, the ability to make someone do something, while arbitral tribunals do not have such power. Although arbitration is a private system of justice that parties can design their own arbitral proceeding, it is still governed by law, usually by the law of the seat of the arbitration or the law chosen by parties to govern the agreement.This thesis analyzes the law and method that should be applied to international arbitration agreement and the focus is on the judiciary. When national courts need to determine the applicable law on the validity of the international arbitration agreement, there are two different approaches which are the substantive rules approach and the Convention approach in which courts apply Article V of the New York Convention mutatis mutandis to the case.Thai Arbitration Act is a single act which mean it governs both domestic and international arbitration. Generally, Thai courts apply section 14 of the Arbitration Act when dealing with the validity issue and the provision provides courts to deny the case if there is a valid arbitration agreement. However, the provision is silent on the applicable law of the validity of the international arbitration agreement and there is no Supreme Court decisions as guidance to such case, nevertheless, Thailand is a signatory to the New York Convention, courts can approach by applying Article V read into Article II(3) of the Convention to the validity issue.This thesis recommends courts to apply the New York Convention to the validity of the international arbitration agreement issue. In order to promote international arbitration in Thailand. Law makers are not the only ones promoting international commercial arbitration. National courts also play an essential role by setting up the standards of practice on international arbitration in Thailand.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.681
title: Legal problems of travel agency business and tour guide in Thailand

description: The most important policy recognized by all nations in the world to approach sustainable tourism is a policy of safeguarding tourists while traveling. Many countries followed the tourist protection policy by enacting tourism law including Thailand where Travel Agency Business and Tour Guide Act B.E.2559 (2016) is currently applied. The Act introduced standards of travel agency business and tour guide professional along with tourist protection measures against unfair practice caused by tourism service providers. Since its first enforcement in 1992, the Act has been amended twice in order to apply with the complexity of tourism industry. However, some problems remain unsolved when nominees are found in travel agency business and the legal tour guides fail to perform their job. These problems have been intensified by zero-dollar tour, the low-cost package tour with low quality service that affects to tourism image, economic impact, legal right and benefit of tourists.    This thesis aims to study the principles of Travel Agency Business and Tour Guide Act, analyze the problems of tourism industry and propose new legislative solutions to resolve the difficulties arising from the Act. Additionally, the study enhances effectiveness of the Act by comparing with Chinese and South Korean laws which are considered as the sufficient tourist protection laws. The thesis identifies problem of zero-dollar tour operate by transportation provider, problem of using Thai people as a nominee in travel agency business and problem of illegal tour guide increasing. These problems have arisen form inappropriate elements of Travel Agency Business and Tour Guide Act that need for new amendment of the law.Therefore, the thesis proposes the new legislative solutions to regulate tourism industry and all parties involving in tourism industry, especially the tourists, are properly protected by this Act. The proposed new legislative solutions include addressing all types of transportation provider to an explanation of travel agency business, permitting foreign investment in travel agency business and permitting foreigner to engage in tour guide professional.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.682
title: Regulating food trucks in Thailand

description: Food is one of four requisites that is necessary for human’s living. In fact, numbers of population in Thailand that are significantly increased nowadays make food being much more required comparing to the past. It is known that everyone consume at least one to three meals per day for living. However, it may not be convenient for everybody to cook food or prepare their own meals at their houses or living places due to the rush and a hurry life of people nowadays. In addition, some people may dislike the cooking smell or burdens to clean up the places and throw away garbage after cooking. Therefore, a lot of people in Thailand, especially in Bangkok and other big cities, choose to eat out or buy foods from restaurants, convenience stores, pushcarts and food trucks in order to save their times and costs and to avoid undesirable smell and wastes from cooking at homes. Though, eating out and taking away foods are convenient for consumers, it may not be good for the environment of Thailand.At present, food trucks can simply be found in many areas of Thailand. Some food trucks may be operated in private areas but some are operated in public areas without an appropriate control by the local Government officers. If the reader observes activities of food truck, it can be seen that a lot of pollutants such as dirt, smoke, refuse, garbage, filth, as well as some kinds of packaging such as foam boxes and plastic bags are generated from food truck activities.In some big cities of other countries, for instance, the City of Sydney, the City of Chicago and the City of New York, there are rules and regulations specifying that the entrepreneur must strictly comply with the provisions of the laws before starting food truck business. One of the significant provisions is that the entrepreneur must obtain the food truck operator license from the authorized officer, and its vehicle must be registered and pre-inspected by the authorized officer before an operation.In the author’s opinion, the aforesaid rules and regulations are very useful. Those laws can help the Government officer to control and monitor food truck business, and also help reducing and preventing pollution problems that occurred from food truck activities.In Thailand, even though there are some laws and regulations that may be applied with food truck business and its activities, there is no rule and regulation to specifically control and deal with pollutants from food truck business. Hence, a specific rule and regulation for regulating food truck business should be enacted in order to control the food truck business and to reduce and prevent pollution problems from food truck activities in Thailand.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.683
title: Partial rescission of contracts

description: Rescission of contracts as a whole causes inconvenience for commercial transactions because when a contract is rescinded, the whole contract comes to an end, and the parties have to restore each other to the former condition at the time of the conclusion of contract. In consequence, the activities which have already been accomplished have to be restored. Thus, it causes the set back to commercial activities. The principle of partial rescission of contracts allows the innocent party to partially rescind the contract. Since a contract is not rescinded as a whole, the performance that has already been performed before rescission will be unaffected. Hence, partial rescission of contract may be the key to resolve problems arising from rescission of a contract as a whole.According to the study, many countries, including European Contract Laws, have developed the principle of partial rescission of contracts. Principally, where obligations of the contract are divisible, and a counter-performance can be apportioned to a specific part which is to be rescinded, a contract may be partially rescinded. Consequently, the rights and obligations of the parties related to the rescinded part are extinguished while the remaining parts of contract remain intact and valid. Thus, it does not hinder commercial activities.According to the Thai Civil and Commercial Code, the general provisions of contract law do not expressly allow the innocent party to partially rescind a contract. In practice, rescission of contract is the rescission of contract as a whole. Considering the above-mentioned advantage to partial rescission of contracts, Thailand should introduce the principle of partial rescission of contracts by amending the Thai Civil and Commercial Code in order to encourage the continuity of commercial activities.
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-150601
title: WPA household census for 1837 SICHEL, Los Angeles
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-161647
title: WPA household census for 2829 BLANCHARD, Los Angeles
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-169872
title: WPA household census for 419 ROSE AVE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-170390
title: WPA household census for 836 Dolan Street, Los Angeles County

description: NOTE: Coordinates are not accurate as they were derived by hand from a Gillespie Guide (1939), a Thomas Brothers Atlas (1941), and Google Maps (2015).
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-171074
title: WPA household census for 801 66TH STREET, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25773/jt6a-qm54
title: Catch the King Tide 2017 Data: Norfolk, Virginia
DOI: 10.25773/kgbd-yc55
title: Catch the King Tide 2017 Data: Chesapeake, Virginia
DOI: 10.25773/t7jj-km83
title: Catch the King Tide 2017 Data: Newport News, Virginia
DOI: 10.25773/zj25-a529
title: Catch the King Tide 2017 Data: York & Poquoson, Virginia
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.684
title: First loss policy on non-life insurance contract: comparative study of New Zealand, Japan and Thailand

description: First Loss policy is a concept of the partial or under-insurance that developed from the decrease of total loss possibility in accordance with the economic decline; thus, people have a low capacity of purchasing high cost of full value insurance. In addition, the proportion of under-insurance products has been demanded and provided in the present market. In spite of having the advantage upon the under-insurance policy, the insured pays the lower cost of Premium. As the partial insurance, the formula of Average Clause will be applied to average and calculate the amount of the compensation upon the agreed proportion of the insurance.However, when the loss is partial, the compensation will be sensitively deducted upon the components of the Average Clause. The compensation will be decreased once there is any alteration based on the formula. The actual value of the insured asset is the most problematic fact in accordance with the failures of both the insured and insurer and other relevant issues. These factors have led to a number of insufficient compensation claims in Thailand until now. The matter of facts could be solved by the methodology that is concise to make the insured accurately understand and simply access the protection of which First Loss is the most suitable idea to be proposed. Therefore, this thesis will explore the issues in the followings:(1)The study found that the varied factors of the Average Clause application may cause the damage in the society. New Zealand states the prohibition of applying the Average Clause into the household insurance. Also, First-loss has been used as a pattern for natural disasters on property insurance in both of New Zealand and Japan. (2)The protection and the consumer rights on non-life insurance contracts in Thailand are only held in broad aspects of interpretation and obscurity. The provisions have only mentioned the basic aspects without any rectification for more than decades.  While Japan explicitly states the insurance contract as a financial product which provides the extraordinary duties and protection rather than Unfair Contract Terms Act. (3)The Average Clause and First Loss could be valid into the contract since they are not contrary to the public policy and the morality. But First Loss condition has been promoted in only the narrow approaches by the Office of Insurance Commission (OIC). The study found that the lack of making the accurate understandings to the insureds and the absence of efficient sanctions to the intermediaries especially in the approach of commercial banks As a result, shifting the sustainable awareness of sharing risks on insurance through the people, Thailand should take an action by not only promoting the perception but also enacting concrete regulations and effective enforcement for raising stability to the people. The mentioned law shall focus on the majority of population which are low and medium income households to strengthen the pool of insurance of the country.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.685
title: Legal problems on the injunction of inappropriate contents pursuant to the Computer-Related Crime Act B.E. 2550 (2007)

description: In Thailand, consumers are increasingly exposed to digital content through online advertising. How the Computer-Related Crime Act B.E. 2550 (2007) (CCA) classifies offenses relating to content was studied. These include disseminating computer data liable to undermine public interest, such as national security as defined in the Criminal Code. For material against public order or good morals, the law grants competent officials power to suspend or block dissemination of such data. With unclear definitions and a lack of case history, abuses may exist when competent officials exercise personal discretion. Businesses using this content may in turn lose business opportunities indefinitely.       Causes of problems arising from enforcing the amended CCA on content control provisions were examined. Computer data regarded as inappropriate content or illegal information under the CCA and prohibitive injunctions limiting freedom of expression were defined. Remedies for unduly or recklessly suppressed content were also explored, especially when the blocked data is business-related. A comparative approach to computer content control practices in the United States and People’s Republic of China was also featured, with appropriate recommendations for Thailand. The goal was to resolve discrepancies in enforcing the CCA, while effective, uniform practice would resolve legal enforcement concerns and public abuses of power
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.686
title: Legal measures in relation to the obesity epidemic in Thailand

description: In Thailand, an obesity epidemic is a main factor in increasing the number of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This places a burden on public health management. In the ASEAN region, Thailand has the second most obese citizens. To fight this growing concern, the Thai government has added an excise tax on sugary beverages and introduced compulsory regulation of nutritional labelling for some products. Yet obesity and NCDs still rise. The question remains of how well taxation, typically used to generate state revenue, is adapted to resolving this problem. By attempting to discourage consumption of goods and services causing the public health issue, the tax on sugary beverages is designed to interfere with consumer choice through pricing. Even if it leads to reduced consumption, the tax may still not be enough to eliminate obesity growth rate.  Even-handed enforcement of every food and beverage producer, distributor, and seller in the disorganized Thai system would be unrealistic, so taxing all high saturated fat, sugar, and caloric intake is impossible. A first step might be to tax all products containing nutritional labelling, providing exact information about content, such as snack products. The most suitable fiscal measures is the excise tax undoubtedly due to its objectives and tax bases. Required content labelling, food advertising alerts, and mass media informational campaigns should also help inform the public. With these efforts, obesity intervention should be more effective in decreasing growth rate of obesity and NCDs in Thailand. With effective fiscal measures and non-fiscal measures adapted to Thai cultures and society patterns, the obesity growth rates may decrease, more or less, which will bring the benefits to our society.
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-161599
title: WPA household census for 3057 FAIRMOUNT, Los Angeles
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-165413
title: WPA household census for 913 BROADWAY, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-165669
title: WPA household census for 1301-1303 W WASHINGTON BLVD, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-166083
title: WPA household census for 2034 W 68TH ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-166339
title: WPA household census for 1735 W 69TH ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2017.687
title: The fabrication and characterization of multifunctional TiO2-embedded-crosslinked chitosan microbeads for photocatalytic and adsorbent properties

description: The fabrication of TiO2 - embedded – cross-linked chitosan microbeads was successfully prepared. The obtained TiO2/Chitosan composite possesses multifunctional properties i.e., to serve as a bio-adsorbent for the removal of toxic metal ions and also as a photocatalyst in the degradation of organic contaminants. Therefore the aim of this composite is to use in wastewater treatment especially in textile industry where both of its functions can be utilized. To characterize the photocatalytic property, the decomposition of indigo carmine under UV radiation was employed. It was found that the model dye was decomposed up to 85.91% within 36 hours when 2 g of 3 wt% - TiO2/Chitosan composite was used. The time required to completely degrade the dye depended not only on the percentage of TiO2 embedded, but also on the amount of composite used as well. The more the composite added, the faster the degradation process occurs. Moreover, the recyclability of this photo-catalyst was also determined. The results showed that this composite still maintained its photocatalytic efficiency even after three times of reuse, when epichlorohydrin was used as crosslinking agent. Furthermore, theadsorption and desorption behavior characteristics of the prepared composite were investigated. The adsorption-desorption isotherm of Cr (VI) ions commonly found in textile industry, of this composite was studied. The maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacity was achieved at 398.5 mgg-1. The results indicated the potential applications of the prepared TiO2/Chitosan composite to be used as photo-catalyst and bio-adsorbent. This multifunctional composite is suitable for wastewater treatment in textile industry where both organic compounds and toxic metal ions are present.
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-165397
title: WPA block face card for household census (block 289) in Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-165653
title: WPA household census for 507E SANTA CLARA AVE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-166717
title: WPA household census for 1215 E 111 ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-167485
title: WPA household census for 552 Florence Avenue (Clara Street), Los Angeles County

description: NOTE: Coordinates are not accurate as they were derived by hand from a Gillespie Guide (1939), a Thomas Brothers Atlas (1941), and Google Maps (2015).
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168107
title: WPA household census for 1858 1/2 W 71ST ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168363
title: WPA household census for 1755 E 104 ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168619
title: WPA household census for 1420 E 109 ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168875
title: WPA household census for 11315 PARMELEE AVE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-169131
title: WPA household census for 322 1/4 4TH AVE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-169643
title: WPA household census for 526 BROOKS AVE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-145246
title: WPA household census for 441 REX AVENUE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-146014
title: WPA household census for 1412 ANGELUS AVE, Los Angeles
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-166067
title: WPA household census for 2031 W 68TH ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-166323
title: WPA household census for 1730 W 68TH ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-166669
title: WPA household census for 10802 WILLOWBROOK AVE, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-167437
title: WPA household census for 764 West 2nd Street, Los Angeles County

description: NOTE: Coordinates are not accurate as they were derived by hand from a Gillespie Guide (1939), a Thomas Brothers Atlas (1941), and Google Maps (2015).
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168091
title: WPA household census for 1819 W 71ST ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168347
title: WPA household census for 1815 104 ST, Los Angeles County
DOI: 10.25549/wpacards-c8-168603
title: WPA household census for 1763 E 109 ST, Los Angeles County