cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x69p8czds
title: Determining the underlying structure of insular isolation measures

description: Aim Island isolation is measured in many ways. We seek to determine what
 the underlying latent factors characterising these measures are, in order
 to understand how they mechanistically drive island biogeographic patterns
 and in order to recommend the most parsimonious measures. We then test the
 discriminatory power of the identified components against hypotheses
 generated from the biogeographic patterns of invasive rats. 
 Taxon mammals Location The 890 offshore islands (≥ 1 hectare area) of the
 New Zealand archipelago (latitude: 34.1-47.3°S, longitude: 166.2-178.4°E).
 Methods We identified 16 measures that have been frequently used to
 characterise isolation in the past, including Euclidean-based distance
 metrics, landscape connectivity metrics derived from least-cost and
 circuit theory modelling, landscape buffers, stepping stones, and insular
 area. We used principal components analysis (PCA) to synthesise the
 underlying structure of insular isolation with respect to terrestrial
 mammal dispersal. Finally, we tested the discriminatory power of retained
 principal components (PCs) using permutational multivariate analyses of
 variance (PERMANOVA). Tests include comparison of historical rat
 distributions, islands targeted for rat eradication, and islands reinvaded
 by rats. Results The underlying structure of island isolation as
 characterised in the 16 metrics was described by three independent PCA
 components. Variable clustering suggests that PC1 captured distance from
 the mainland source to the focal island (PC1 Distance), PC2 described
 stepping stones available along the dispersal pathway (PC2 Stepping
 Stones), and PC3 described the focal island’s position in the landscape
 (PC3 Insular Network). Each discriminatory test affirmed its respective
 biogeographic pattern hypothesis. Main Conclusions The three underlying
 components we identify form the basis of a robust description of insular
 isolation that is of broad importance to understanding island biogeography
 dynamics. Moreover, these components can be applied across taxa without
 extensive structural or functional assumptions because the highest loading
 variables are not biologically informed.
description: The information presented on rat presence/absence represents the
 author's best attempts at documenting their distribution throughout
 New Zealand. However, there may be errors in this dataset. If you are
 interested in rodent distributions throughout New Zealand, please use the
 most updated information possible that is available the
 literature.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mcvdncjwp
title: Neonicotinoid and sulfoximine pesticides differentially impair insect escape behaviour and motion detection

description: Insect nervous systems offer unique advantages for studying interactions
 between sensory systems and behaviour given that they are complex and yet
 highly tractable. By examining the neural coding of salient environmental
 stimuli and resulting behavioural output in the context of environmental
 stressors, we gain an understanding of the effects of these stressors on
 brain and behaviour and provide insight into normal function. The
 implication of neonicotinoid (neonic) pesticides in contributing to
 declines of non-target species, such as bees, has motivated development of
 new compounds, which could potentially mitigate putative resistance in
 target species (1, 2) and declines of non-target
 species. We used a neuroethological approach, including behavioural assays
 and multineuronal recording techniques, to investigate effects of
 imidacloprid and the novel insecticide sulfoxaflor on visual
 motion-detection circuits and related escape behaviour in the tractable
 locust system. Despite similar LD50 values, imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor
 evoked different behavioural and physiological effects. Imidacloprid
 significantly attenuated collision avoidance behaviours and impaired
 responses of neural populations, including a decrease in spontaneous
 firing and decreased neural habituation. In contrast, sulfoxaflor
 displayed no effect at a comparable sublethal dose. These are the first
 results to show that a neonic affects population responses and habituation
 of a visual motion detection system. We propose that differences in the
 sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor reflect an altered mode of action to
 imidacloprid. More broadly, we suggest that neuroethological assays for
 comparative neurotoxicology are a valuable tool to fully address current
 issues regarding proximal effects of environmental toxicity in non-target
 species.
description: We used a single hook electrode and multichannel tetrode arrays
 to record from descending visual neurons. Raw recordings were saved to
 disc using Dataview recording and analysis software (https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~wjh/dataview/) via a Datatranslation DT9818 acquistion board. Raw data were imported into Offline Sorter v 4.4 (Plexon Inc., Dallas, TX) and spikes were sorted using a semi-automatic method based on the K-means algorithm. Brodgar 2.7.9 (Highland Statistics Inc., Newburgh, UK) was used to run dynamic factor analysis. Spike trains were analyzed using Neuroexplorer v 5.0 spike train analysis software to create peristimulus time histograms and extract parameters from response profiles. Matlab r2019b was used to extract decay and rise times, calculate cummulative sums, and generate heatmaps for habituaiton data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8gv7
title: Condition-dependent mutual mate preference and intersexual genetic correlations for mating activity

description: Despite mating representing a mutual interaction, the study of mate
 preferences has long focussed on choice in one sex and on the preferred
 traits in the other. This has certainly been true in the study of the
 costs and condition-dependent expression of mating preferences, with the
 majority of studies concerning female preference. The condition-dependence
 and genetic architecture of mutual mate preferences remain largely
 unstudied, despite their likely relevance for the evolution of preferences
 and of mating behavior more generally. Here, we measured (i) male and
 female mate preferences and (ii) intersexual genetic correlations for the
 mating activity in pedigreed populations of southern field crickets
 (Gryllus bimaculatus) raised on a favourable (free-choice) or stressful
 (protein-deprived) diet. In the favourable dietary environment, mutual
 mate preferences were strong, and the intersexual genetic covariance for
 mating activity was not different from one. However, in the stressful
 dietary environment, mutual mate preferences were weak, and the
 intersexual genetic covariance for mating activity was significantly
 smaller than one. Altogether, our results show that diet environments
 affect the expression of genetic variation in mating behaviors: (i) the
 strength of mutual mate preference and (ii) intersexual genetic covariance
 for mating activity tend to be weaker when environment is stressful. This
 implies that mating dynamics strongly vary across environments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh18936b
title: Intraspecific neighborhood effect: population-level consequence of aggregation of highly-defended plants

description: There is increasing evidence that herbivore-plant interactions on a focal
 plant species are influenced by interspecific neighborhood effects via
 neighboring plants (i.e., an associational effect). However, intraspecific
 neighborhood effects imposed by plant traits have been less appreciated.
 Specifically, the significance of intraspecific neighborhood effects in
 population-level consequences of plants has been totally overlooked. Using
 two varieties of Nicotiana tabacum (high- and low-nicotine), we evaluated
 the neighborhood effects based on patch-level interactions in a split-plot
 3 x 3 factorial experiment that manipulated number of plants (4, 9, and 16
 plants) and culture type (monoculture plots with high- and low-nicotine
 plants, and polyculture plot) in an experimental garden. We found that
 herbivore visits on plants varied depending on the number of plants per
 patch and culture type. Presence of more high-nicotine plants decreased
 herbivore visits in the 4 plant plots, and presence of high-nicotine
 plants in the 9 plant plots decreased herbivore on both high- and
 low-nicotine plants. In contrast, in the 16 plant plots, herbivore visits
 on high-nicotine plants in polyculture plots were lower than others,
 including those on high-nicotine plants in monoculture plots. Our findings
 clearly demonstrated that the intraspecific neighborhood effect could
 occur depending on the aggregation of highly-defended plants (i.e., high
 density and/or plant-spacing). This study suggests that multiple
 mechanisms for the neighborhood effect simultaneously worked, depending on
 the patch size and composition of defensive traits of individual plants,
 and that intraspecific neighborhood effects may influence population-level
 consequences for plant-herbivore interaction.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gtht76hh8
title: Higher mortality rates for large and medium-sized mammals on plantation roads compared to highways in Peninsular Malaysia

description: The fragmentation of forests by agricultural expansion, urbanisation and
 road networks is a global phenomenon. In Southeast Asia, wildlife
 populations are being isolated into pockets of natural habitat surrounded
 by road networks and monoculture plantations. Mortality by
 wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) is causing a decline in many species of
 conservation priority in human-modified landscapes. This study is the
 first in Malaysia to investigate factors affecting the occurrence of WVCs.
 We assessed roadkill data gathered by the Department of Wildlife and
 National Parks on small, medium and large mammals in Peninsular Malaysia.
 We examined the relationship between wildlife road accidents and
 environmental factors. We found a total of 605 roadkills, involving 21
 species. Roadkill records included three species classified as endangered.
 Road type, year, and distance from continuous and fragmented forests were
 significant for determining mammal mortality. Unexpectedly, the majority
 of road mortality occurred on oil palm plantation roads compared to
 highways. Mortality of small and medium mammals was greater at locations
 further away from continuous forest than those closer to forests.
 Segmentation of continuous forest by roads should be avoided wherever
 possible, and wildlife corridors should be put in place to reduce the
 threat of roads on crossing wildlife.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfmb
title: Local thermal adaptation and limited gene flow constrain future climate responses of a marine ecosystem engineer

description: Rising ocean temperatures and extreme temperature events have precipitated
 declines and local extinctions in many marine species globally, but
 patterns of loss are often uneven across species ranges for
 reasons that are poorly understood. Knowledge of the extent of local
 adaptation and gene flow may explain such patterns and help predict future
 trajectories under scenarios of climate change. We test the
 extent to which local differentiation in thermal tolerance is influenced
 by gene flow and local adaptation using a widely
 distributed intertidal seaweed (Hormosira banksii) from
 temperate Australia.Population surveys across ~2,000 km of the
 species range revealed strong genetic structuring at regional and local
 scales (global FST= 0.243) reflecting extremely limited gene
 flow, while common garden experiments (14-day exposures to 15, 18, 21 °C)
 revealed strong site differences in early development and mortality in
 response to elevated temperature. Embryos from many sites spanning a
 longitudinal thermal gradient showed suppressed development and increased
 mortality to elevated water temperatures, but populations originating from
 warmer and more variable thermal environments tended to be less
 susceptible to warming. Notably, there was significant local scale
 variation in the thermal responses of embryos within regions which was
 corroborated by the finding of small-scale genetic differences. We expect
 the observed genetic and phenotypic differentiation to lead to uneven
 responses to warming sea surface temperatures in this important marine
 foundation species. The study highlights the challenges of predicting
 species responses to thermal stress and the importance of management
 strategies that incorporate evolutionary potential for “climate-proofing”
 marine ecosystems.
DOI: 10.25338/b8bs5d
title: Host plant adaptation during recent global range expansion in the monarch butterfly

description: Herbivores that have recently expanded their host plant ranges provide
 opportunities to test hypotheses about the evolution of host plant
 specialization. Here, we take advantage of the contemporary global range
 expansion of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and conduct a
 reciprocal rearing experiment involving monarch populations with divergent
 host plant assemblages. Specifically, we ask the following questions: (1)
 Do geographically disparate populations of monarch butterflies show
 evidence for local adaptation to their host plants? If so, what processes
 contribute to this pattern? (2) How is dietary breadth related to
 performance across multiple host species in monarch populations? (3) Does
 the coefficient of variation in performance vary across sympatric versus
 allopatric hosts? We find evidence for local adaptation in larval growth
 rate and survival based on sympatric/allopatric contrasts. Migratory North
 American monarchs, which have comparatively broad host breadth, have
 higher mean performance than derived non-migratory populations across all
 host plant species. Monarchs reared on their sympatric host plants show
 lower coefficient of variation in performance than monarchs reared on
 allopatric hosts. We focus our discussion on possible mechanisms
 contributing to local adaptation to novel host plants and potential
 explanations for the reduction in performance that we observed in derived
 monarch populations.
description: All data included here are from two summers of experiments. Data
 were collected by hand on printed datasheets, and then uploaded into
 Google spreadsheets. The accompanying datafiles represent .csv files that
 correspond to these Google spreadsheets. All processing was done using R.
 The accompanying script needed for all analysis presented in the
 manuscript is included.
description: The R script includes annotations describing what is included in
 each dataset.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgqph
title: Associations between sensitivity to antibiotics, disinfectants, and heavy metals in natural, clinical and laboratory isolates of Escherichia coli

description: Bacteria in nature often encounter non‐antibiotic antibacterials (NAAs),
 such as disinfectants and heavy metals, and they can evolve resistance via
 mechanisms that are also involved in antibiotic resistance. Understanding
 whether susceptibility to different types of antibacterials is
 non‐randomly associated across natural and clinical bacteria is therefore
 important for predicting the spread of resistance, yet there is no
 consensus about the extent of such associations or underlying mechanisms.
 We tested for associations between susceptibility phenotypes of 93 natural
 and clinical Escherichia coli isolates to various NAAs
 and antibiotics. Across all compound combinations, we detected a small
 number of non‐random associations, including a trio of positive
 associations among chloramphenicol, triclosan and benzalkonium chloride.
 We investigated genetic mechanisms that can explain such associations
 using genomic information, genetic knockouts and experimental evolution.
 This revealed some mutations that are selected for by experimental
 exposure to one compound and confer cross‐resistance to other compounds.
 Surprisingly, these interactions were asymmetric: selection for
 chloramphenicol resistance conferred cross‐resistance to triclosan and
 benzalkonium chloride, but selection for triclosan resistance did not
 confer cross‐resistance to other compounds. These results identify genetic
 changes involved in variable cross‐resistance across antibiotics and NAAs,
 potentially contributing to associations in natural and clinical bacteria.
description: See readme file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5hqbzkm1
title: Unrecognized controls on microbial functioning in Blue Carbon ecosystems: the role of mineral enzyme stabilization and allochthonous substrate supply

description: Tidal wetlands are effective carbon sinks, mitigating climate change
 through the long-term removal of atmospheric CO2. Studies along
 surface-elevation and thus flooding-frequency gradients in tidal wetlands
 are often used to understand the effects of accelerated sea-level rise on
 carbon sequestration, a process that is primarily determined by the
 balance of primary production and microbial decomposition. It has often
 been hypothesized that rates of microbial decomposition would increase
 with elevation and associated increases in soil oxygen availability;
 however, previous studies yield a wide range of outcomes and equivocal
 results. Our mechanistic understanding of the elevation-decomposition
 relationship is limited because most effort has been devoted to
 understanding the terminal steps of the decomposition process. Few studies
 assessed microbial exo-enzyme activities (EEAs) as initial and
 rate-limiting steps that often reveal important insight into microbial
 energy and nutrient constraints. The present study assessed EEAs and
 microbial abundance along a coastal ecotone stretching a flooding gradient
 from tidal flat to high marsh in the European Wadden Sea. We found that
 stabilization of exo-enzymes to mineral sediments leads to high specific
 EEAs at low substrate concentrations in frequently flooded, sediment rich
 zones of the studied ecotone. We argue that the high background activity
 of a mineral-associated enzyme pool provides a stable decomposition matrix
 in highly dynamic, frequently flooded zones. Furthermore, we demonstrate
 that microbial communities are less nutrient limited in frequently flooded
 zones, where inputs of nutrient-rich marine organic matter are higher.
 This was reflected in both increasing exo-enzymatic carbon-vs.-nutrient
 acquisition and decreasing fungal-vs.-bacterial abundance with increasing
 flooding frequency. Our findings thereby suggest two previously
 unrecognized mechanisms that may contribute to stimulated microbial
 activity despite decreasing oxygen availability in response to accelerated
 sea-level rise.
description: Please compare original publication in Ecology and
 Evolution Title: Unrecognized controls on microbial
 functioning in Blue Carbon ecosystems: the role of mineral enzyme
 stabilization and allochthonous substrate supply
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6q68
title: Data from: Analysis of direct and indirect genetic effects in fighting sea anemones

description: Theoretical models of animal contests such as the Hawk-Dove game predict
 that variation in fighting behaviour will persist due to mixed
 evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) under certain conditions. However,
 the genetic basis for this variation is poorly understood and a mixed ESS
 for fighting can be interpreted in more than one way. Specifically, we do
 not know whether variation in aggression within a population arises from
 among-individual differences in fixed strategy (determined by an
 individual’s genotype – direct genetic effects (DGEs)), or from
 within-individual variation in strategy across contests. Furthermore, as
 suggested by developments of the original Hawk-Dove model,
 within-individual variation in strategy may be dependent on the phenotype
 and thus genotype of the opponent (indirect genetic effects –
 IGEs).  Here we test for the effect of DGEs and IGEs during
 fights in the beadlet sea anemone Actinia equina. By exploiting the
 unusual reproductive system of sea anemones, combined with new molecular
 data, we investigate the role of both additive (DGE + IGE) and
 non-additive (DGE x IGE) genetic effects on fighting parameters, the
 latter of which have been hypothesised but never tested for explicitly. We
 find evidence for heritable variation in fighting ability and that fight
 duration increases with relatedness. Fighting success is influenced
 additively by DGEs and IGEs but we found no evidence for non-additive
 IGEs. These results indicate that variation in fighting behaviour is
 driven by additive indirect genetic effects (DGE + IGE), and support a
 core assumption of contest theory that strategies are fixed by DGEs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffd9
title: Data from: Complexity of frequency receptive fields predicts tonotopic variability across species

description: Primary cortical areas contain maps of sensory features, including sound
 frequency in primary auditory cortex (A1). Two-photon calcium imaging in
 mice has confirmed the presence of these global tonotopic maps, while
 uncovering an unexpected local variability in the stimulus preferences of
 individual neurons in A1 and other primary regions. Here we show that
 local heterogeneity of frequency preferences is not unique to rodents.
 Using two-photon calcium imaging in layers 2/3, we found that local
 variance in frequency preferences is equivalent in ferrets and mice.
 Neurons with multipeaked frequency tuning are less spatially organized
 than those tuned to a single frequency in both species. Furthermore, we
 show that microelectrode recordings may describe a smoother tonotopic
 arrangement due to a sampling bias towards neurons with simple frequency
 tuning. These results help explain previous inconsistencies in cortical
 topography across species and recording techniques.
description: Ferret and mouse auditory cortical responses to pure tones,
 measured using 2-photon calcium imaging of GCaMP6. Images pre-processed
 using Suite2p software, and calcium traces for individual neurons then
 deconvolved into spike probabilities (OASIS).
description: The matlab code can be used to reproduce all the main figures in
 our published paper.