DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rbh
title: A comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae butterflies reveals a strong correlation between diversification and temperature

description: Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species
 richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and
 diversification in the butterfly Family Pieridae by combining
 next-generation sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained
 distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid species to build the most
 comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Family and curated a distribution
 dataset of more than 800,000 occurrences. We found strong evidence that
 species in environments with more stable daily temperatures or cooler
 maximum temperatures in the warm seasons have higher speciation rates.
 Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates decreased in tandem with
 global temperatures through geological time, resulting in a constant net
 diversification.
description: Sequence data were obtained through anchored
 hybrid enrichment <em>de novo</em> sequencing and from
 publicly available sequence data.
description: # A comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae butterflies reveals a strong
 correlation between diversification and temperature ### Tree inference *
 Folder with individual loci directory containing 425 .fas files *
 FcC_supermatrix.phy: Supermatrix of 425 concatenated files *
 IQTREE_425.tre: Best of 100 IQ-TREE analyses partitioned and modeled
 according to ModelFinder * ModelFinder_PartitionScheme_Models.nex:
 ModelFinder partition scheme and selected models of nucleotide evolution *
 Sample_List.xlsx: Specimen information for samples included in this study.
 Locality and voucher institution information is provided for samples
 sequenced for this study and included in Kawahara et al. (2022). Taxonomy
 follows Lamas (2015). * ABRI = African Butterfly Research Institute, Kenya
 * AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, United States * ANHRT =
 African Natural History Research Trust * CCNY = City College of New York,
 United States * CLDZ = Coleção de Lepidoptera, Departamento de Zoologia,
 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil * CSIC-UPF = Consejo
 Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Spain *
 MCZ = Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, United States *
 MGCL = McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, University of
 Florida, United States * NCBS = National Centre for Biological Science,
 India * UMD = University of Maryland, United States * UMUT = University
 Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan * ZFMK = Zoological Research Museum
 Alexander Koenig, Germany * Some species have sequence data from more than
 one specimen. When available, specimen information for these taxa is
 separated with a forward slash. ### Divergence time estimation *
 dated_MCC_1Kite_renamed.tre: Consensus of 100 TreePL analyses using
 Kawahara et al. (2019) derived secondary calibrations *
 dated_espeland_renamed.tre: Consensus of 100 TreePL analyses using
 Espeland et al. (2018) derived secondary calibrations *
 dated_MCC_fossils_renamed.tre: Consensus of 100 TreePL analyses using
 fossils primary calibrations ### Trait data * Bio_variables.xlsx: Total
 number of records and temperature values per species for all WorldClim
 variables used in this study: annual mean temperature (BIO1), mean diurnal
 range (BIO2), maximum temperature in warmest month (BIO5), minimum
 temperature in the coldest month (BIO6), temperature annual range (BIO7).
 * Record_references.xlsx: Original occurrence data sources with digital
 object identifiers (DOIs) were gathered using 'occCitation' with
 R library occCite. ### Diversification * BAMM_fractions.txt: Fraction file
 used with BAMM with percentages of species in the tree for each genus as
 well as an overall genus-level backbone sampling fraction. *
 Pieridae_RevBayes_rates_MAP.tre: Maximum a posteriori tree LSBDS tree
 inferred with RevBayes, 10,000 generations * QuaSSE_details.xlsx: Detailed
 results of QuaSSE correlations between speciation and the WorldClim
 temperature variables annual mean temperature (BIO1), mean diurnal range
 (BIO2), maximum temperature in warmest month (BIO5), minimum temperature
 in the coldest month (BIO6), and temperature annual range (BIO7).
 Parameters are shown for the best-fit model for each analysis. * AIC:
 Akaike Information Criterion * lambda: speciation rate * l.m: slope * mu:
 extinction rate * l.xmid: inflection point (sigmoidal plot) * y0/l.y0:
 asymptotic value at low x * y1/l.y1: asymptotic value at high x * l.r:
 steepness of sigmoid