cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6970691
title: Dataset: Western Tigray in 108 historical and 21 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2009)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts) have been retrieved from specialised online repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used; all maps are formally kept in well-established repositories. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating territorial control. Out of 108 maps, spanning the period 1607-1967, 99 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 65 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics on the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 17<sup>th</sup> C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 36 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of Simien. Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847 and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years or more, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction, with a border running along or across the Simien massif. However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism's faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, except for two, all 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustain the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical map database. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7007604
title: Western Tigray in 109 historical and 31 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 109 maps, spanning the period 1607-1967, 100 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 66 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 17<sup>th</sup> C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 37 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains. Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847 and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction. However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7366764
title: Western Tigray in 109 historical and 32 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 109 maps, spanning the period 1607-1967, 100 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 66 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 17<sup>th</sup> C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 37 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains. Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847 and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction. However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7861187
title: Western Tigray in 117 historical and 33 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts, Fig. 1) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 117 maps, spanning the period 1607-1967, 108 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 71 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 17<sup>th</sup> C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 39 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains (Fig. 2). Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941) (Fig. 3); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847 and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction (Fig. 5). However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7861863
title: Western Tigray in 117 historical and 33 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts, Fig. 1) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 117 maps, spanning the period 1607-1967, 108 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 71 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 17<sup>th</sup> C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 39 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains (Fig. 2). Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941) (Fig. 3); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847 and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction (Fig. 5). However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7868252
title: Western Tigray in 117 historical and 33 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts, Fig. 1) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 117 maps, spanning the period 1607-1967, 108 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 71 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 17<sup>th</sup> C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 39 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains (Fig. 2). Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941) (Fig. 3); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847 and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction (Fig. 5). However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8167110
title: Western Tigray in 165 historical and 33 ethno-linguistic maps (1475-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts, Fig. 1) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 165 maps, spanning the period 1475-1967, 159 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 93 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 16<sup>th</sup> C., territorial control is frequently and clearly shown, with 57 maps (between 1570 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains (Fig. 2). Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794, 1829-1898, 1908-1909, and 1935-1941) (Fig. 3); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1896 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847, 1860-1872, and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction (Fig. 5). However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8173867
title: Western Tigray in 165 historical and 33 ethno-linguistic maps (1475-2014)

description: There is a wide array of historical maps and records which jointly reveal that the territorial organisation of northern Ethiopia has tremendously changed over the last four centuries. Historical maps representing the Western Zone of the Tigray Region (Welkait and adjacent districts, Fig. 1) have been retrieved from well-established repositories. Only maps prepared in the same period (co-eval maps) were used. Each map was screened for representation of internal borders, indicating sway or territorial control. Out of 165 maps, spanning the period 1475-1967, 159 were precise enough to be analysed, of which 93 display territorial control. Descriptive statistics of the dataset as a whole are presented. Starting from the late 16<sup>th</sup> C., territorial control is frequently and clearly shown, with 57 maps (between 1570 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains (Fig. 2). Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794, 1829-1898, 1908-1909, and 1935-1941) (Fig. 3); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1896 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. The Amhara/Gondar – Tigray border is mapped on the Tekeze River at short intervals in 1844-1847, 1860-1872, and 1891-1896 and then more permanently between 1944 and 1990. The meta-analyis of the historical maps shows that for the larger part of the last 300 years, Western Tigray has been under Tigray jurisdiction (Fig. 5). However, at times of upheaval, the territory has been briefly reorganized under either the Amhara polities or was autonomous. These maps demonstrate that the argument that Welkait was “<em>always</em> a part of Begemdir”, or else Amhara, is not based on evidence, apart from a territorial reorganisation in the mid-twentieth century. In contrast, contemporary Tigray is a valid territory, whose legitimacy stems from modern federalism’s faculty to create a region away from concepts of the Ethiopian empire-state. In 1991-4, when the boundaries of the Tigray Region were established as part of federal Ethiopia, local self-determination was way more important than historical maps. Remarkably, the consensus of the 20<sup>th</sup> C. ethno-linguistic maps of the Ethiopian state sustains the current extent of the Tigray region. In other words: the Amhara nationalist narrative that there was continuous ancestral ownership of Western Tigray is not confirmed by a meta-analysis of the historical maps. We conclude with the suggestion to especially consider the recent and subrecent actual world, including language maps.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16419132
title: Supplementary Data_Perceptions of Climate Change Kenya

description: Supplementary data for the manuscript entitled 'Perceptions of Ecosystem Services and Climate Change in the forests of Mount Elgon and Mount Kenya, Kenya'<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16419132.v4
title: Supplementary Data_Perceptions of Climate Change Kenya

description: Supplementary data for the manuscript entitled 'Perceptions of Ecosystem Services and Climate Change in the forests of Mount Elgon and Mount Kenya, Kenya'<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23701895
title: Additional note on the mysid Rhopalophthalmus hastatus Hanamura, Murano and Man, 2011 (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand

description: Abstract The mysid Rhopalophthalmus hastatus Hanamura, Murano and Man, 2011 was collected from the shallow zone of the Thale Sap Songkhla, Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand on 18 November 2018. Specimens are described and illustrated using material collected by hand with a Riley push net. Rhopalophthalmus hastatus is characterized by the presence of one large spine, one mesial, two small spines on the antennal sympod, antennal scale slightly overreaching the end of the antennular peduncle, carpopropodus of the fourth to seventh thoracic endopods composed of six articles, two red chromatophores on the telson and lateral margin of the apical spine forming sharp spine-like process. This species was found in the shallow zone of the Songkhla Lagoon with brackish water and muddy substratum.