DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96dd
title: Data from: Prevalence of and potential risk factors for multiple resistance to acaricides in <em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</em> ticks: A survey in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

description: The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887)
 (Ixodida, Ixodidae) is responsible for significant economic losses in
 bovine production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Control
 of this tick predominantly involves the use of chemical acaricides;
 however, their indiscriminate use has led to the selection of resistant
 populations. A survey on tick populations was conducted in the state of
 Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil to assess the prevalence of multiple
 resistance to acaricides (MRA) in cattle farms. Additionally,
 questionnaires were administered to identify potential risk factors
 associated with MRA. In total, 176 farms with a bovine population of
 &gt;40 cattle were randomly assigned for tick sampling. The resistance
 to six acaricidal compounds was investigated by bioassays. A larval packet
 test was performed for amitraz, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fipronil, and
 ivermectin. Fluazuron was screened using an adult immersion test. MRA
 (i.e., resistance to three or more compounds) was detected in 173 samples,
 representing 98.3% of the total samples. Among these samples, 125 (71%)
 showed resistance to all six compounds tested (MRA-6). Additionally, we
 classified the resistance intensity into four levels (I to IV) based on
 the quartile distribution of the bioassay data. Ten samples showed high
 and extremely high levels (III and IV) of resistance to all six compounds
 tested. Two variables were significantly associated with multiple
 resistance to all six compounds tested: use of injectable acaricides and
 six or more acaricide treatments per year. These results regarding
 widespread resistance and the emergence of MRA ticks are alarming and
 highlight the significant challenge of tick control in southern Brazil.
description: Data was obtaneid through bioassays (larval packet test and adult
 immersion test) with tick samples and questionnaires applied to
 farmers.
description: # Data from: Prevalence of and potential risk factors for multiple
 resistance to acaricides in *Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus* ticks: A
 survey in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96dd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96dd) ##
 Description of the data and file structure Larval packet test and an adult
 immersion test were performed to identify multiple resistance in tick
 samples. Questionnaires were administered to farmers to identify potential
 risk factors associated with multiple resistance as well. File structure
 with information about sample identification, bioassays, and questionnaire
 answers. ### Files and variables #### File: Raw_Data_INQR.csv
 **Description:**  ##### Variables * Sample: Number of the sample *
 Hectare: Hectare area of the farm (unit: hectare) *
 Number_of_animals: Number of animals in the farm * Cypermethrin
 - Amitraz: Result of mortality rate (unit: %) in larval packet test (LPT)
 due to acaricides * Fluazuron - Result of in vitro efficacy (unit: %) in
 adult immersion test (AIT) due to fluazuron * Municipality: Municipality
 of the farm (name of the city) * Cattle: Cattle prodution (beef, dairy,
 mixed of beef and dairy production) * Prodution system: Prodution system
 (full cycle, calf and stocker cattle operations) * Pasture: Pasture
 (native pasture, cutivated pasture, native and cutivated pasture, feedlot)
 * Breed: Breed (taurine, zebu, crossbreed) * Buy_animals: Farmers buy
 animals from external sources (yes, no) * Quarantine: Quarantine after
 buying animals (if yes for Farmers buy animals from external sources, yes,
 no, n/a) * Acaricide_treatment_after_buy_animals: if yes for Farmers buy
 animals from external sources, yes, no, n/a * Dip_vap_active: dip vap
 active in the farm (yes, no) * Type_of_acaricide_treatment: Type of
 acaricide treatment applied in the farm (dip vap, spraying mannual,
 spraying automatic, injectable, and/or pour on) * Acaricides: name of
 acaricides used in the cattle (amitraz, cypermethrin/deltamethrin,
 cypermethrin+DDVP, DDVP+clorfenvinphos, cypermethrina+clorpiriphos,
 macrocyclic lactones, fipronil, and/or fluazuron) *
 Number_treatments_last_year: Number of acaricide treatments in the last
 year * Control strategies: controlled burning, bush hogging, rotational
 grazing, spelling pasture and/or crop-livestock system, none *
 Veterinary_assistance: Veterinary assistance for the farmers (yes, no) *
 Control_by_vet: Tick control by vet (if yes for Veterinary assistance,
 then yes, no, n/a) * Previous_bioassays: Previous bioassays applyed in the
 tick populations at the farm (yes, no) *
 Babesiosis_and_Anaplasmosis: History of Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis in the
 animals of the farm (yes, no) * Number_cases_of_those_diseases: Number of
 cases of those diseases in the animals of the farm (if yes for History of
 Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis in the animals of the farm, the number of
 cases or n/a) * Number_dead_animals_thoses_diseases:Number of dead animals
 because of thoses diseases in the animals of the farm (if yes for History
 of Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis in the animals of the farm, the number of
 dead animals or n/a)  N/a = not applicable Note 1: semicolon-delimited
 with comma decimal Note 2: samples were categorised in the paper as
 resistant if the mortality rate (for cypermethrin, clorpyriphos, fipronil,
 ivermectin, amitraz), and in vitro efficacy (for fluazuron) was &lt; 95%
 ## Code/software PoloPlus (LeOra Software, 2004) Microsoft Excel
 VassarStats
 ([http://www.vassarstats.net/odds2x2.html](http://www.vassarstats.net/odds2x2.html)) SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics Base v.20; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ArcGIS 10.5 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) non-fixed Silvermans bandwidth (Silverman, 1986) ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * No Data was derived from the following sources: * No