cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.646
title: การใช้กลยุทธ์ magic formula ในการเลือกหลักทรัพย์ลงทุน: กรณีศึกษา ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย

description: งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาความแตกต่างของผลตอบแทนระหว่างการใช้อัตราส่วนทางการตลาดซึ่งได้แก่ อัตราส่วน Price-Earnings Ratio, Price-To-Book Ratio และ Dividend Yield กับอัตราส่วนทางบัญชี ได้แก่ อัตราส่วน Current ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return on Equity, Debt-to-Equity และ Total Asset Turnover โดยงานวิจัยนี้จะใช้อัตราส่วนดังกล่าวในการเลือกหลักทรัพย์ลงทุนโดยการใช้กลยุทธ์ Magic formula โดยใช้กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นบริษัทจดทะเบียนในตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย ตั้งแต่ปี ค.ศ.2008 ถึง ค.ศ.2017 โดยจะทำการศึกษาผลตอบแทนที่ถือหลักทรัพย์ใน 2 ระยะ คือ ระยะสั้น 1 ปี และระยะยาว 10 ปี ซึ่งหลักทรัพย์ที่ถือมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงทุกปี และใช้ Sharpe ratio ในการวิเคราะห์ผลตอบแทนต่อความเสี่ยง 1 หน่วย ของแต่ละ Portfolio ผลการศึกษาพบว่าการใช้อัตราส่วนทางการเงินในการเลือกหลักทรัพย์ลงทุนสามารถอธิบายผลตอบแทนได้ดีหากเป็น portfolio ที่ถือหลักทรัพย์ในระยะยาว เนื่องจาก Portfolio ที่ถือหลักทรัพย์ในระยะยาวสามารถสรุปผลได้ว่า Portfolio ที่ใช้อัตราส่วนทางบัญชีสามารถสร้างผลตอบแทนเฉลี่ยและผลตอบแทนปรับด้วยความเสี่ยงได้มากกว่า Portfolio ที่ใช้อัตราส่วนทางการตลาดในการเลือกหลักทรัพย์ลงทุนและมากกว่าผลตอบแทนเฉลี่ยของตลาดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติซึ่งอัตราส่วนทางบัญชีที่ใช้ในการเลือกหลักทรัพย์ลงทุน ได้แก่ Current ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return on Equity และ Debt-to-Equity
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.647
title: ผลกระทบของการเข้าร่วมกิจกรรมบริษัทจดทะเบียนพบผู้ลงทุนต่อปริมาณการซื้อขายและผลตอบแทนของหลักทรัพย์

description: แนวทางในการลดความไม่สมมาตรของข้อมูลระหว่างนักลงทุนเพื่อลดต้นทุนในการจัดหาเงินทุนของกิจการคือ การจัดกิจกรรมนักลงทุนสัมพันธ์ ซึ่งในประเทศไทยมีกิจกรรมนักลงทุนสัมพันธ์ที่จัดขึ้นโดยตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทยมีชื่อว่ากิจกรรม “บริษัทจดทะเบียนพบผู้ลงทุน หรือ Opportunity Day” งานวิจัยชิ้นนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลกระทบของการเข้าร่วมกิจกรรมต่อปริมาณการซื้อขายและผลตอบแทนของหลักทรัพย์การศึกษาครั้งนี้ใช้วิธีการศึกษาเหตุการณ์ โดยมีขอบเขตการศึกษาคือหลักทรัพย์จดทะเบียนในตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย ที่เข้าร่วมกิจกรรมระหว่างปี 2552-2561 เป็นระยะเวลาทั้งหมด 10 ปี โดยมีกลุ่มตัวอย่างทั้งสิ้น 87 ตัวอย่าง จากการศึกษาพบว่าปริมาณการซื้อขายหลักทรัพย์ก่อนและหลังการเข้าร่วมกิจกรรมไม่มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ และผลตอบแทนเกินปกติในช่วงหลังการเข้าร่วมกิจกรรมต่ำกว่าช่วงก่อนการเข้าร่วมกิจกรรมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ อย่างไรก็ดีงานวิจัยฉบับนี้พบว่าการเพิ่มสภาพคล่องให้กับหลักทรัพย์จะทำให้หลักทรัพย์มีผลตอบแทนเกินปกติสูงขึ้น
DOI: 10.15785/sbgrid/726
title: X-Ray Diffraction data from Monomeric form of human LLT1, a ligand for NKR-P1, source of 4QKG structure

description: X-Ray Diffraction data from monomeric form of human LLT1, a ligand for NKR-P1, source of 4QKG structure
description: used frames 1-220
DOI: 10.17632/2r9h9xzwm3.1
title: Universal cancer tasks, evolutionary tradeoffs, and the functions of driver mutations

description: Input data files as well as scripts to reproduce the analyses. To use, download all the files into a single directory, unzip all the zip files, and check the README.TXT file.
DOI: 10.17632/7g7nvp6crk.1
title: Mapeamento Sistemático - TS

description: Dados sobre Mapeamento Sistemático sobre Tecnologias Sociais - TS
DOI: 10.17632/bfvwp7wdm5.1
title: MRX increases chromatin accessibility at stalled replication forks to promote nascent DNA resection and cohesin loading

description: The recovery of stalled replication forks depends on the controlled resection of nascent DNA and on the loading of cohesin. These processes operate in the context of nascent chromatin, but the impact of nucleosome structure on fork restart remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex acts together with the chromatin modifiers Gcn5 and Set1 and the histone remodelers RSC, Chd1 and Isw1 to promote chromatin remodeling at stalled forks. Increased chromatin accessibility facilitates the resection of nascent DNA by the Exo1 nuclease and the Sgs1 and Chl1 DNA helicases. Importantly, increased ssDNA promotes the recruitment of cohesin to arrested forks in a Scc2-Scc4-dependent manner. Altogether, these results indicate that MRX cooperates with chromatin modifiers to orchestrate the action of remodelers, nucleases and DNA helicases, promoting the resection of nascent DNA and the loading of cohesin, two key processes involved in the recovery of arrested forks.
DOI: 10.17632/c9ptkvpt25.1
title: Sustainability profile and food waste management in schools in the Catalonia region (Spain)

description: Data from a survey on sustainability practices and food waste management administered to 548 public and private primary and secondary school headteachers in Catalonia (Spain) in 2018. The data include items relative to the canteen management system (section 2), the school sustainability profile (section 3), perceptions on food waste management and the level of interest in potential initiatives to fight against food waste (sections 4 and 5). School-level attributes (e.g. size, infrastructure) are also included.
DOI: 10.17632/fdt6y83z8w.2
title: Cytotoxic Steroidal Saponins from Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae).

description: Raphia vinifera fruits provide healthy phytochemicals to the body and is of nutritive value. The data shows spirostan-5-ene and Frustan-5-ene steroidal saponins isolated from the extracts of Raphia vinifera fruits among these, four are reported for the first time herein. The data is NMR (1D & 2D) and High Resolution Mass spectrometry data, obtained by carrying out analysis on samples of the isolated compounds on the instrument. This data is used to determine the structure of the compound.
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2498
title: NMR data for 22,25-dihydroxycycloart-23E-en-3-one
DOI: 10.15785/sbgrid/722
title: X-Ray Diffraction data from Dimeric form of human LLT1, a ligand for NKR-P1, source of 4QKH structure

description: X-Ray Diffraction data from dimeric form of human LLT1, a ligand for NKR-P1, source of 4QKH structure
description: used all 1800 images
DOI: 10.17632/4f3gbd72y4.1
title: personal loan, loan , insta loan https://youtu.be/EAuw4sgjCA4

description: Always check for these things before you apply for a personal loan, checking for these can https://youtu.be/EAuw4sgjCA4make your borrowing much easier and your tenure much comfortable.
DOI: 10.17632/tgwfm7hhkr.1
title: Raw Ethnobotanical Dataset on Local Edible Fruits in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

description: This dataset describes the knowledge of local people in North Sulawesi on local edible fruits which can be eaten raw or used as medicine.
DOI: 10.17632/xscxt236th.1
title: Data for: Cough in lung cancer: a survey of current practice among Australian health professionals
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2467
title: NMR data for 6-cinnamylchrysin
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2496
title: NMR data for 3,4,-5-Trimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-(7,6:2,3)-6,6-dimethylpyranoflavan
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3468572
title: Festival of Frequency Measurement 1 October 2019

description: Festival of Frequency Measurement 1 October 2019 J. Kommers KN6CYU Latitude: 34.0556 / 34° 3' 20" N Longitude: -118.443 / 118° 26' 34" W Grid: <strong>DM04sb</strong> Files starting 30 Sep 2019 at 18:42 PDT through 1 Oct 2019 at 4:18 PDT 70 ft random wire antenna, SDR Play RSPduo tuned to 4.999 MHz with diversity reception - screenshots included for configuration details
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3468573
title: Festival of Frequency Measurement 1 October 2019

description: Festival of Frequency Measurement 1 October 2019 J. Kommers KN6CYU Latitude: 34.0556 / 34° 3' 20" N Longitude: -118.443 / 118° 26' 34" W Grid: <strong>DM04sb</strong> Files starting 30 Sep 2019 at 18:42 PDT through 1 Oct 2019 at 4:18 PDT 70 ft random wire antenna, SDR Play RSPduo tuned to 4.999 MHz with diversity reception - screenshots included for configuration details
DOI: 10.17632/h4z52vfhmc.1
title: Tally sheet: inventory and ethnobotanical survey of local edible fruits in North Sulawesi

description: This is the tally sheet used for inventory and ethnobotanical survey of local edible fruits in North Sulawesi
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2009.2085
title: ผลของการปรากฎของแบนเนอร์ การใช้เทคนิคจูงใจและความสอดคล้องของเนื้อหาแบนเนอร์กับเนื้อหาเวปไซต์ ต่อประสิทธิภาพของแบนเนอร์

description: แม้ว่าการโฆษณาบนอินเตอร์เนตด้วยแบนเนอร์จะได้รับความนิยมเพื่อเป็นสื่อในการโฆษณาสินค้าและบริการให้เป็นที่รู้จักแพร่หลาย แต่นักวิจัยจำนวนมากยังคงศึกษาค้นคว้ารูปแบบการนำเสนอแบนเนอร์รวมถึงเนื้อหาบนแบนเนอร์เพื่อดึงดูดความสนใจของผู้เข้าชมเวปไซต์จนนำไปสู่การเพิ่มจ านวนคลิ้กบนแบนเนอร์ การศึกษานี้มุ่งเน้นวิเคราะห์ผลกระทบของ (1) รูปแบบการปรากฏขึ้นของแบนเนอร์ (2) การใช้เทคนิคจูงใจบนแบนเนอร์ และ (3) ความสอดคล้องของเนื้อหาบนแบนเนอร์กับเนื้อหาบนเวปไซต์ ที่มีต่อประสิทธิภาพของแบนเนอร์ โดยทดลองในสภาพแวดล้อมจริง (Quasi Experiment) การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลพบว่า การปรากฏขึ้นของแบนเนอร์มีผลต่อจำนวนคลิ้กบนแบนเนอร์อย่างมีนัยส าคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 ทว่าการใช้เทคนิคการจูงใจที่แตกต่างกันกลับไม่พบผลกระทบต่อจำนวนคลิ้กบนแบนเนอร์ เช่นเดียวกันกับความสอดคล้องของเนื้อหาบนแบนเนอร์กับเนื้อหาเวปไซต์ที่แตกต่างกัน ไม่พบผลกระทบต่อจำนวนคลิ้กบนแบนเนอร์ จากข้อสรุปที่ได้จากการศึกษานี้เป็นการต่อยอดองค์ความรู้ทางการวิจัยในเรื่องสื่อ โฆษณาบนอินเตอร์เนตด้วยแบนเนอร์ต่อไปในอนาคต
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2469
title: NMR data for (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dien-1-al; nona-2-trans-6-cis-dienal; nona-2t,6c-dienal; nonadien-(2t.6c)-al-(1); trans-2,cis-6-nonadienal
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2468
title: NMR data for 3-O-[(S)-2-methylbutyroyl]pinobanksin
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2470
title: NMR data for 2-formyl-benzoic acid; 2-formyl-benzoic acid, lactol form; 3-hydroxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone; 3-hydroxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one; phthalaldehydic acid
DOI: 10.18716/nmrshiftdb2/2471
title: NMR data for 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-2-one; Zingerone
DOI: 10.25606/surf.578c6039-515d4eca
title: The Cosmogrid Simulation: Statistical Properties of Small Dark Matter Halos (2048-451)

description: We present the results of the "Cosmogrid" cosmological N-body simulation suites based on the concordance LCDM model. The Cosmogrid simulation was performed in a 30 Mpc box with 2048³ particles. The mass of each particle is 1.28x10^5 Msun, which is sufficient to resolve ultra-faint dwarfs. We found that the halo mass function shows good agreement with the Sheth & Tormen fitting function down to ~10^7 Msun. We have analyzed the spherically averaged density profiles of the three most massive halos which are of galaxy group size and contain at least 170 million particles. The slopes of these density profiles become shallower than -1 at the inner most radius. We also find a clear correlation of halo concentration with mass. The mass dependence of the concentration parameter cannot be expressed by a single power law, however a simple model based on the Press-Schechter theory proposed by Navarro et al. gives reasonable agreement with this dependence. The spin parameter does not show a correlation with the halo mass. The probability distribution functions for both concentration and spin are well fitted by the log-normal distribution for halos with the masses larger than ~10^8 Msun. The subhalo abundance depends on the halo mass. Galaxy-sized halos have 50% more subhalos than ~10^11 Msun halos have. This is snapshot 451 of the 2048³ resolution collection.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2010.997
title: Explaining inflation and dark energy of universe using three-form models

description: Three-form fields can give rise to viable cosmological scenarios of dark energy and inflation. To simultaneously explain the present accelerated expansion of the universe and the coincidence problem, three-form field needs to couple to dark matter. In this dissertation we study four types of dark matter couplings. It has been found that the first three couplings which depend on dark matter energy density Pc can give the accelerated expansion of the universe; however, they cannot solve the coincidence problem. For the fourth coupling which does not depend on Pc, it is capable of both providing the accelerated expanding universe and solving the coincidence problem.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2010.998
title: Chi-square approximation of squared sums of independent random variables

description: In this work, we have 2 objectives. First, we find a solution of the Stein's equation for chi-square distribution with degree of freedom 1 and its properties. Second, we give bounds on chi-square approximation of the squared sums of independent random variables under the existence of the second or the third moments by using the relation between the chi-square random variable with degree of freedom 1 and the standard normal random variable.
DOI: 10.25919/5d93e72c7630e
title: Parkes observations for project P986 semester 2019APRS_01

description: Pulsar survey is one of the top priorities of the Square Kilometer Arrays (SKA). The discovery of pulsars in relativistic binaries, pulsars in binary with black holes and pulsars in the Galactic Center (GC) will improve our understanding of gravity theories, physics of black holes and stellar population and environment in the GC region. However, conventional periodic searches for pulsars are only sensitive to strictly periodic signals with low duty cycles. Although various methods have been developed to search for pulsars in these extreme systems, it is still very challenging and computationally expensive. One of the solutions is to find pulsar candidates in radio continuum surveys and then carry out targeted searches (e.g. Frail et al 2017). This technique allows a search over the full field of view while avoiding the need for expensive pixel-by-pixel high time resolution searches. We propose to observe 32 compact, steep spectrum candidates selected from NVSS and TGSS surveys using the Ultra-Wideband Low (UWL) receiver. The frequency coverage (as low as 700MHz) and low system temperature (~20K) of UWL will enable us to carry out a sensitive search of steep spectrum sources.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3468664
title: Data_Effects of Environmental Financial Support Instruments on Firm Productivity

description: Recent research provides inconsistent evidence of the effectiveness of European Union (EU) renewable energy policies. Therefore, this paper aims at empirically verifying the effectiveness of three major EU renewable energy policies at the micro level. Using pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and system generalized method-of-movements, it analyzes panel data for EU countries over a twenty-year period. The paper first examines in what extent the Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in combination with other renewable support instruments, such as Feed-in Tariff (FIT) and Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), contribute to the reduction of emissions by regulated firms. Second, as regulated firms switch to new and more energy-efficient technologies in order to meet the regulation, this paper estimates the impact of the EU ETS, together with the FIT and RPS instruments, on firms’ productivity premia and productivity growth. The main results show that the EU ETS does not have a significant impact on firms’ productivity (except in periods around the implementation phase, i.e. in years <em>t<sub>0</sub></em> and <em>t<sub>1</sub></em>). Firms that are using the FIT support already had higher relative productivity before the EU ETS implementation and continue to maintain the productivity premia over non-EU ETS firms after the ETS implementation, while RPS is shown to boost firms’ productivity after implementation of the EU ETS. The interactions between EU ETS and FIT-RPS measures do not seem to have an additional systematic impact on the productivity of firms affected. <strong>Keywords: </strong>renewable energy, FIT, RPS, EU ETS, technology diffusion, firm productivity
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3468665
title: Data_Effects of Environmental Financial Support Instruments on Firm Productivity

description: Recent research provides inconsistent evidence of the effectiveness of European Union (EU) renewable energy policies. Therefore, this paper aims at empirically verifying the effectiveness of three major EU renewable energy policies at the micro level. Using pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and system generalized method-of-movements, it analyzes panel data for EU countries over a twenty-year period. The paper first examines in what extent the Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in combination with other renewable support instruments, such as Feed-in Tariff (FIT) and Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), contribute to the reduction of emissions by regulated firms. Second, as regulated firms switch to new and more energy-efficient technologies in order to meet the regulation, this paper estimates the impact of the EU ETS, together with the FIT and RPS instruments, on firms’ productivity premia and productivity growth. The main results show that the EU ETS does not have a significant impact on firms’ productivity (except in periods around the implementation phase, i.e. in years <em>t<sub>0</sub></em> and <em>t<sub>1</sub></em>). Firms that are using the FIT support already had higher relative productivity before the EU ETS implementation and continue to maintain the productivity premia over non-EU ETS firms after the ETS implementation, while RPS is shown to boost firms’ productivity after implementation of the EU ETS. The interactions between EU ETS and FIT-RPS measures do not seem to have an additional systematic impact on the productivity of firms affected. <strong>Keywords: </strong>renewable energy, FIT, RPS, EU ETS, technology diffusion, firm productivity
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2010.1000
title: Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) ameliorates renal fibrosis in ureteral obstruction : role of inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD signal induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

description: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most important mechanism that induces the progression of renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily/Smad signal transduction plays the critical roles during inflammatory process in EMT. Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is demonstrated to be anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory property. So, the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin E was examined in this study to against (1) the progression of renal fibrosis in mice with complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and (2) the TGF-β superfamily/Smad signal transduction induced EMT. UUO or sham operation was induced in ICR mice and vitamin E (250mg/kgBW) or vehicle was administrated orally everyday from 5 day before until day 14 post operation. Mice were sacrificed at day 3, 7 and 14 after operation. Histopathology, TGF-β superfamily/Smad signals and mesenchymal markers were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis and real time RT-PCR. Compared with sham group, H&E and Masson trichrome staining showed the progression of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF) in UUO with vehicle treatment group. However, vitamin E treatment significantly ameliorated the TA/IF when compared with vehicle treatment. From protein and mRNA analysis revealed the increased expression of S100A4 that consequently from increased TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 but decreased expression of BMP-7 and Smad1/5/8 in the obstructed kidneys. In contrast, vitamin E treatment significantly inhibited the expression of S100A4, TGF-β1 and Smad 2/3 but maintained the expression of BMP-7 and Smad 1/5/8. In conclusion, vitamin E treatment ameliorated the progression of renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys by inhibited TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 but maintained BMP-7 and Smad1/5/8 during EMT. Thus, the renoprotective effect of vitamin E could have therapeutic value in humans to inhibit the progression of renal fibrosis.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2010.1001
title: Synthesis of matal chloride-impregnated aluminium oxide-pillared clay for acid catlyzed reations

description: Iron oxide-pillared clays such as iron oxide-pillared bentonite, iron oxide- pillared hectorite and iron oxide-pillared taeniolite were synthesized by the intercalation of iron (III) chloride into clay interlayers and calcination at 300 [Celsius degree] for 5 h. Aluminium oxide-pillared bentonite was prepared by the intercalation method and calcination at 500 [Celsius degree] for 1 h. The impregnation with metal chloride (LaCl[Subscript 3], CeCl[Subscript 3], NdCl[Subscript 3], GdCl[Subscript 3], YbCl[Subscript 3] and DyCl[Subscript 3]) was carried out with calcination at 450 [Celsius degree] for 4 h. The synthesized clays and raw clays were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry techniques. These synthesized catalysts were used for acid-catalyzed reactions (1) Friedel-Crafts acylation, (2) the conversion of epoxides to acetonides, and (3) isomerization reaction. The catalytic activity of synthesized clays was compared with raw clays. The synthesized clays provided significantly higher yield than raw clays in all types of clays. The optimized conditions for acid-catalyzed reaction were disclosed. Those reactions could smoothly be proceeded in the presence of synthesized clays to furnish the corresponding products in good to excellent yield and selectivity of products in all reactions under mild conditions.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2010.1002
title: Nearring structure of variants of some transformation semigroups

description: A left [right] nearring is a system (N,+,) such that (N,+) is a group, (N,) is a semigroup and the operation left [right] distributes over the operation +. For a semigroup , let S[Superscript 0] be S if S has a zero and S contains more than one element, otherwise, let S[Superscript 0] be the semigroup S with a zero O adjoined. We say that a semigroup S admits a left [right] nearring structure if there exists an operation + on S[Superscript 0] such that (S[Superscript 0], +, ) is a left [right] nearring. For a semigroup S and a =S, define an operation * on S by x*y =xay for all x, y = S. The semigroup (S,*) is called a variant of S and (S,*) is denoted by (S, a). Let X be a set and P(X) be the set of all transformations from subsets of X into X. Hence P(X) is a semigroup under composition. Let V be a vector space over a division ring R and L[Subscript R (V)] be the set of all linear transformations on V. Then L[Subscript R (V)] is a semigroup under composition. Various types of subsemigroups of variants of P(X) and subsemigroups of variants of L[Subscript R (V)] are studied. Main results are determining when these semigroups admit the structure of a left [right] nearring.