cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5x69p8d4z
title: No evidence for asymmetric sperm deposition in a species with asymmetric male genitalia

description: Background. Asymmetric genitalia have repeatedly evolved in animals, yet
 the underlying causes for their evolution are mostly unknown. The fruit
 fly Drosophila pachea has asymmetric external genitalia and an asymmetric
 phallus with a right-sided phallotrema (opening for sperm release). The
 complex of female and male genitalia is asymmetrically twisted during
 copulation and males adopt a right-sided copulation posture on top of the
 female. We wished to investigate if asymmetric male genital morphology and
 a twisted genitalia complex may be associated with differential allocation
 of sperm into female sperm storage organs. Methods. We examined the
 internal complex of female and male reproductive organs by micro-computed
 tomography and synchrotron X-ray tomography before, during and after
 copulation. In addition, we monitored sperm aggregation states and timing
 of sperm transfer during copulation by premature interruption of
 copulation at different time-points. Results. The asymmetric phallus is
 located at the most caudal end of the female abdomen during copulation.
 The female reproductive tract, in particular the oviduct, re-arranges
 during copulation. It is narrow in virgin females and forms a broad
 vesicle at 20 min after the start of copulation. Sperm transfer into
 female sperm storage organs (spermathecae) was only in a minority of
 examined copulation trials (13 / 64). Also, we found that sperm was mainly
 transferred early, at 2 - 4 min after the start of copulation. We did not
 detect a particular pattern of sperm allocation in the left or right
 spermathecae. Sperm adopted a granular or filamentous aggregation state in
 the female uterus and spermathecae, respectively. Discussion. No evidence
 for asymmetric sperm deposition was identified that could be associated
 with asymmetric genital morphology or twisted complexing of genitalia.
 Male genital asymmetry may potentially have evolved as a consequence of a
 complex internal alignment of reproductive organs during copulation in
 order to optimize low sperm transfer rates.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xd2547djk
title: Divergent water requirements partition exposure risk to parasites in wild equids

description: For grazing herbivores, dung density in feeding areas is an important
 determinant of exposure risk to faecal-orally transmitted parasites. When
 host species share the same parasite species, a non-random distribution of
 their cumulative dung density and/or non-random ranging and feeding
 behaviour may skew exposure risk and the relative selection pressure
 parasites impose on each host. The arid-adapted Grevy’s zebra (Equus
 grevyi) can range more widely than the water-dependent plains zebra (Equus
 quagga), with which it shares the same species of gastrointestinal
 nematodes. We studied how the spatial distribution of zebra dung relates
 to ranging and feeding behaviour to assess parasite exposure risk in
 Grevy’s and plains zebras at a site inhabited by both zebra species. We
 found that zebra dung density declined with distance from water, Grevy’s
 zebra home ranges (excluding those of territorial males) were farther from
 water than those of plains zebras, and plains zebra grazing areas had
 higher dung density than random points while Grevy’s zebra grazing areas
 did not, suggesting a greater exposure risk in plains zebras associated
 with their water dependence. Faecal egg counts increased with home range
 proximity to water for both species, but the response was stronger in
 plains zebras, indicating that this host species may be particularly
 vulnerable to the elevated exposure risk close to water. We further ran
 experiments on microclimatic effects on dung infectivity and showed that
 fewer nematode eggs embryonated in dung in the sun than in the shade.
 However, only 5% of the zebra dung on the landscape was in shade,
 indicating that the microclimatic effects of shade on the density of
 infective larvae is not a major influence on exposure risk dynamics.
 Ranging constraints based on water requirements appear to be key mediators
 of nematode parasite exposure in free-ranging equids.
description: Please see the Materials and Methods section of the open access
 article associated with these data (in press in Ecology and
 Evolution). Raw data were processed as described in the
 file descriptions (under 'File List') and as described in the
 descriptions of the variables in each file (under 'Data Specific
 Information') provided in the README_Tombak_ZebExpRisk.txt file
 attached.
description: Please see the README_Tombak_ZebExpRisk.txt file attached.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4xgxd25bz
title: Chickensplash: splash trial videos

description: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends against washing raw
 chicken due to the risk of transferring dangerous food-borne pathogens
 through splashed drops of water. Many cooks continue to wash raw chicken
 despite this warning, however, and there is a lack of scientific research
 assessing the extent of microbial transmission in splashed
 droplets.  Here we use large agar plates to confirm that bacteria
 can be transferred from the surface of raw chicken through splashing. We
 also identify and create a phylogenetic tree of the bacteria present on
 the chicken and the bacteria transferred during splashing. While no
 food-borne pathogens were identified, we note that organisms in the same
 genera as pathogens were transferred from the chicken surface through
 these droplets. Additionally, we show that faucet height, flow type, and
 surface stiffness play a role in splash height and distance. Using
 high-speed imaging to explore splashing causes, we find that increasing
 faucet height leads to a flow instability that can increase splashing.
 Further, splashing from soft materials such as chicken can create a divot
 in the surface, leading to splashing under flow conditions that would not
 splash on a curved, hard surface. Thus, we conclude that washing raw
 chicken does risk pathogen transfer and cross-contamination through
 droplet ejection, and that changing washing conditions can increase or
 decrease the risk of splashing.
description: A high-speed camera (VEO 710L, Phantom) was placed between 0.5-1m
 away from the splash point, and videos were taken at 1500 fps. Floodlights
 were used to illuminate the surface. A cue ball was used to simulate a
 solid surface, and a stress ball was used to study splashing from a soft
 surface. Trials were run for 15 to 30 seconds. Videos were saved as .avi
 files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh1893c3
title: Carex borealifujianica (Cyperaceae), a new species of the core Carex clade from Fujian, southeastern China

description: A new species, Carex borealifujianica Y.F. Lu & X.F. Jin
 (Cyperaceae, sect. Occlusae of core Carex clade) is described and
 illustrated from northern Fujian, China. In addition to morphological
 comparisons with its relatives, comparative micromorphology of utricles
 and achenes of seven species in Carex sect. Occlusae was examined.
 Micromorphology of utricles and achenes revealed the similarity of Carex
 borealifujianica and C. ligulata. Morphologically, this new species is
 similar to Carex ligulata in having lateral spikes remote and densely
 flowered, as well as utricles densely hispidulous, but differs in having 2
 or 3 narrowly clavate staminate spikes, leaves 2.5–5 mm wide with sheaths
 sparsely pilose, and achenes emarginate at the apex. The phylogenetic
 analysis from two nuclear DNA regions (ETS and ITS) and two chloroplast
 DNA regions (matK and trnL-F) of 68 taxa resolved C. borealifujianica as a
 distinct species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3ct
title: Data from: Moderate climate warming scenarios during embryonic and post-embryonic stages benefit a cold-climate lizard

description: Warming temperatures caused by climate change are predicted to vary
 temporally and spatially. For mid- and high-latitude reptiles, the
 seasonal variation in warming temperatures experienced by embryos and
 hatchlings may determine offspring fitness, yet this has remained largely
 unexplored. To evaluate the independent and interactive influence of
 seasonal variation in warming temperatures on embryonic and hatchling
 development, we incubated eggs and reared hatchlings of a cold-climate
 oviparous ectothermic species, the Heilongjiang grass lizard (Takydromus
 amurensis), following a 2 × 2 factorial design (present climate vs.
 warming climate for embryos × present climate vs. warming climate for
 hatchlings). We then evaluated embryonic and hatchling development,
 including hatching success, incubation period, initial hatchling body
 size, hatchling metabolic rate, growth rate, and survival in the
 mesocosms. We found that warming temperatures shortened the incubation
 period and produced hatchlings with higher survival rates than those
 incubated under the present climate conditions. Similarly, hatchlings
 reared under a warming climate had similar growth rates and resting
 metabolic rates, but higher survival rates than those reared under the
 present climate. Hatchlings that experienced both warming incubation and
 warming growth conditions had the highest survival rates. This study
 revealed that moderate warming temperatures (Representative Concentration
 Pathway, RCP 4.5, 1.1–2.6 °C) experienced by embryos and hatchlings
 interact to benefit hatchling fitness in cold-climate oviparous
 ectotherms. Our study also highlighted the importance of integrating
 seasonal variation in warming temperatures when evaluating the responses
 to climate warming in multiple developmental stages in oviparous
 ectotherms.
description: The datasets were from embryonic and hatchling development of
 Takydromus amurensis from Harbin in China, following a 2 × 2 factorial
 design (present climate vs. warming climate for embryos × present climate
 vs. warming climate for hatchlings). The eggs were collected by the
 females from the field, and were incubated under present and warming
 temperatures in the semi-natrual enclosures, then the incuabtion period,
 hatching success were record and calculated. After, the hatchlings were
 reared under present and warming enclosures. Then the active body
 temperatures were collected, the body size and survival rates were tested.
 The metabolic rates were determined by FOXBOX.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hmgqnk9jw
title: Host preferences inhibit transmission from potential superspreader host species

description: Host species that are particularly abundant, infectious, and/or infected
 tend to contribute disproportionately to symbiont (parasite or mutualist)
 maintenance in multi-host systems. Therefore, in a facultative multi-host
 system where two host species had high densities, high symbiont
 infestation intensities, and high infestation prevalence, we expected
 interspecific transmission rates to be high. Instead, we found that
 interspecific symbiont transmission rates to caged sentinel hosts were an
 order of magnitude lower than intraspecific transmission rates in the
 wild. Using laboratory experiments to decompose transmission rates, we
 found that opportunities for interspecific transmission were frequent,
 where interspecific and intraspecific contact rate functions were
 statistically indistinguishable. But most interspecific contacts did not
 lead to transmission events due to a previously unrecognized transmission
 barrier: strong host preferences. During laboratory choice experiments,
 the symbiont preferred staying on or dispersing to its current host
 species, even though the oligochaete symbiont is a globally distributed
 host generalist that can survive and reproduce on many snail species.
 These surprising results suggest that when managing symbiont transmission,
 identifying key host species is still important, but it may be equally
 important to identify and manage transmission barriers that keep potential
 superspreader host species in check.
description: Though <em>Chaetogaster</em>
 <em>limnaei</em> has a broad host distribution, two snail
 genera, <em>Helisoma</em> and <em>Physa</em>, have
 been the focus for most prior experiments and are especially abundant in
 ponds in North America. Therefore, for all field and laboratory studies,
 we used <em>H. trivolvis</em> snails as the focal host species
 (i.e., the species in which we quantified infestation rates) and
 <em>P. gyrina</em> as the alternative host species. We
 especially focused on interspecific transmission from <em>P.
 gyrina</em> to <em>H. trivolvis</em> (alternative to
 focal host transmission; hereafter alternative–focal), which complements
 prior work that quantified intraspecific transmission among <em>H.
 trivolvis</em> snails (focal to focal host transmission; hereafter
 focal–focal). We used a sentinel host approach to quantify the rate that
 uninfested focal hosts (<em>H. trivolvis</em>) that had been
 raised in the laboratory became infested when caged in the field due to
 contacts with wild <em>H. trivolvis</em> and <em>P.
 gyrina</em> through the mesh on the field cages. We then decomposed
 the estimated interspecific transmission rate using two laboratory
 experiments that quantified interspecific contact rates and interspecific
 transmission success. The three R script files correspond to the analyses
 of the field data, interspecific contact rate experiment, and
 interspecific transmission success experiment.
description: This repository contains a detailed metadata file that describes
 each script and dataset.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w2b
title: A novel catapult mechanism for male spiders to avoid sexual cannibalism

description: The animal world provides numerous examples of mechanisms that allow for
 extremely fast actions or reactions via slowly storing energy, typically
 into elastic structures, that is then nearly instantly released 1-4,
 similar to the operation of a catapult. While these mechanisms are usually
 employed for prey capture1, 2 or for predator avoidance3,4, such superfast
 actions have not been reported as a mechanism to dodge sexual cannibalism.
 Here, we unveil a novel mechanism in a communal orb-weaving spider
 Philoponella prominens (Uloboridae) (Figure S1), whereby males undertake a
 split-second catapult action immediately after mating, thereby fleeing
 their partner (Movie S1). We demonstrate that males achieve their
 superfast action (up to 88.2 cm/s) by extending the tibia–metatarsus joint
 of their first leg pair via hydraulic pressure in a joint that is known to
 lacks extensor muscles across spiders. This rapid expansion greatly
 reduces the likelihood of the male being sexually cannibalized.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fbg79cnwt
title: Shoot senescence in perennials of seasonal habitats: Comparative analysis of a large set of species

description: 1. Senescence in plants is a hierarchical process affecting all their body
 parts from cells to whole organisms. Here we aim to fill the gap between
 the existing knowledge on leaf senescence and rapidly accumulating
 evidence on whole-plant senescence by addressing patterns and drivers of
 shoot senescence of herbaceous plants. This is a key process that
 determines photosynthetic gain late in the season and economy of
 soil-borne nutrients in seasonal climate. 2. We present a comparative
 study of 231 temperate species, ranging from spring ephemeroids to species
 senescing in late autumn, in a common botanical garden collection, thus
 minimizing difference in environmental drivers affecting individual
 species. We assessed senescence by measuring size decline in the later
 part of the season. 3. There were two main directions of variation in
 senescence trajectories: rate-date axis, separating early and fast
 senescing species from late and slowly senescing species, and the
 shape-asynchrony axis separating species with accelerating and
 synchronised senescence from non-accelerating senescence asynchronous
 among individual shoots. While accelerating senescence late in the season
 can be due to environmental harshness (frost), accelerating senescence
 early in the season is likely to be an indication of an active process. 4.
 As expected, rate and shape of shoot senescence were associated both with
 leaf- and shoot-level traits. Species having leaves with high dry matter
 content senesced linearly and showed higher asynchrony among individual
 senescing shoots. Species with larger specific leaf area tended to senesce
 earlier and faster, and in synchronous and accelerating manner. Tall
 plants senesced later and in a more synchronous and accelerating manner.
 5. Species from different habitats varied in their senescence patterns. We
 confirmed the hypothesis that forest species postpone their senescence
 relative to open-habitats species, presumably to boost their
 photosynthetic balance, but did not confirm the hypothesis that plants
 from nutrient-poor habitats senesce earlier to retain soil-borne nutrients
 before the advent of frost. 6. Synthesis. We show that while leaf
 senescence scales up to contribute to shoot senescence, shoot senescence
 has its additional independent drivers and is a phenomenon in its own
 right with clear environmental drivers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sq0
title: Data from: Novel microsatellite markers for epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia recurvata L., in an urban landscape in South-eastern Brazil

description: The authors present seven novel microsatellite markers for Tillandsia
 recurvata L. The genome assemble sequences of T. recurvata were obtained
 from NCBI (7.2Gb) (Sayers et al. 2022). The BioProject Accession and
 accession numbers are PRJNA701548 and SRX10089449, respectively. The
 microsatellite identification software Krait (0.5.2) (Du et al. 2018) was
 used to detect suitable microsatellites, both genome-wide and in the
 noncoding regions of T. recurvata. The single sequence repeats (SSRs) were
 refined to a minimum number of seven repeats of di-, tri-, or
 tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs. These sequences were further limited to
 SSRs of more than 100bp in length and low GC content (&lt;50%). Krait
 (0.5.2) (Du et al. 2018) was also used to design the primers for the
 selected SSR sequences, in conjunction with the integrated Primer3
 software. The criteria for primer selection included: a primer length of
 18-26bp, an optimal melting temperature (Tm) of 54-59°C and GC content of
 &lt;50%. These designed primers were single-plexed and amplified using
 the following PCR cycle: initial denaturation (95°C for 3 min), 34 cycles
 of 95°C for 30s, annealing for 30s (JP01-JP12: 54°C, 4873TD + 35251TD:
 56°C, 19286TD: 53°C, 5044TD + 186664TD + 214633TD: 58°C), 72°C for 1 min
 and a final extension of 72°C for 5 mins. The authors make this
 information available to other researchers, to continue the investigation
 of epiphyte genetics.
description: The genome assemble sequences of <em>T.
 recurvata</em> were obtained from NCBI (7.2Gb) (Sayers <em>et
 al</em>. 2022). The BioProject Accession and accession numbers are
 PRJNA701548 and SRX10089449, respectively. The microsatellite
 identification software Krait (0.5.2) (Du<em> et al</em>.
 2018) was used to detect suitable microsatellites, both genome-wide and in
 the noncoding regions of <em>T. recurvata</em>. The single
 sequence repeats (SSRs) were refined to a minimum number of seven repeats
 of di-, tri-, or tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs. These sequences were
 further limited to SSRs of more than 100bp in length and low GC content
 (&lt;50%). Krait (0.5.2) (Du <em>et al</em>. 2018) was
 also used to design the primers for the selected SSR sequences, in
 conjunction with the integrated Primer3 software. The criteria for primer
 selection included: a primer length of 18-26bp, an optimal melting
 temperature (Tm) of 54-59°C and GC content of &lt;50%. These designed
 primers were single-plexed and amplified using the following PCR cycle:
 initial denaturation (95°C for 3 min), 34 cycles of 95°C for 30s,
 annealing for 30s (JP01-JP12: 54°C, 4873TD + 35251TD: 56°C, 19286TD: 53°C,
 5044TD + 186664TD + 214633TD: 58°C), 72°C for 1 min and a final extension
 of 72°C for 5 mins.
description: The corresponding author that designed each microsatellite marker
 has been indicated in the reference column of the dataset. The authors
 invite any correspondence and queries relating to these microsatellite
 markers.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17600724
title: RNA sequencing data from "Embryotoxicity and mixture effects of legacy PFAS in a human iPSC-based 3D model"
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17600723
title: RNA sequencing data from "Embryotoxicity and mixture effects of legacy PFAS in a human iPSC-based 3D model"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhmh
title: Dataset used for: Breeding migrations by bighorn sheep males: searching for mates increases vulnerability to hunting

description: In some species where male mating success largely
 depends on intrasexual competition, males can
 adopt migratory orresident strategies to seek breeding
 opportunities. The resulting mixture of resident and migrant tactics
 within a population can have important ecological, genetic and
 evolutionary consequences at the metapopulation level.
 Bighorn sheep Ovis
 canadensis males establish
 a linear dominance hierarchy that
 influences their mating
 tactics. Some males perform breeding migrations
 during the pre-rut and rut to seek mating
 opportunities, but little is
 known about these seasonal movements. We analysed
 presence/absence data for 62 marked
 bighorn males during six mating
 seasons (20-32 males/year) in the Sheep River Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, where hunting was not allowed. On average, about half of males left their natal population to rut elsewhere. The proportion of males leaving (yearly range 15% - 69%) increased as the number of resident mature males increased and the populational sex ratio decreased, with fewer females during the pre-rut. Among those leaving the park, 24% did so in October, while the trophy sheep hunting season was open. Detailed monitoring of breeding migrations in protected populations could inform management strategies to limit evolutionary impacts of hunting.
description: Data collected in 2000-2005 from marked known-age bighorn sheep in the Sheep River Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, gathering populational information, individual features and daily presence-absence of marked males during mating seasons.