DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7n731
title: Data from: Social and spatial effects on genetic variation between foraging flocks in a wild bird population

description: Social interactions are rarely random. In some instances animals exhibit
 homophily or heterophily, the tendency to interact with similar or
 dissimilar conspecifics respectively. Genetic homophily and heterophily
 influence the evolutionary dynamics of populations, because they
 potentially affect sexual and social selection. Here we investigate the
 link between social interactions and allele frequencies in foraging flocks
 of great tits (Parus major) over three consecutive years. We constructed
 co-occurrence networks which explicitly described the splitting and
 merging of 85,602 flocks through time (fission-fusion dynamics), at 60
 feeding sites. Of the 1711 birds in those flocks we genotyped 962
 individuals at 4701 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By
 combining genome-wide genotyping with repeated field observations of the
 same individuals we were able to investigate links between social
 structure and allele frequencies at a much finer scale than was previously
 possible. We explicitly accounted for potential spatial effects underlying
 genetic structure at the population level. We modelled social structure
 and spatial configuration of great tit fission-fusion dynamics with
 eigenvector maps. Variance partitioning revealed that allele frequencies
 were strongly affected by group fidelity (explaining 27-45% of variance)
 as individuals tended to maintain associations with the same conspecifics.
 These conspecifics were genetically more dissimilar than expected, shown
 by genome-wide heterophily for pure social (i.e. space-independent)
 grouping preferences. Genome-wide homophily was linked to spatial
 configuration, indicating spatial segregation of genotypes. We did not
 find evidence for homophily or heterophily for putative socially relevant
 candidate genes or any other SNP markers. Together, these results
 demonstrate the importance of distinguishing social and spatial processes
 in determining population structure.
description: Individual genotypes
 (SNP-markers)Genotypes (SNPs markers)
 of all individuals in this study. Columns are SNP markers and rows are
 individuals. This matrix contains a header with SNP-marker names.
 Identities of the individuals can be found in the "list of
 individuals in the genotype matrix".SNPs.csvList of individuals in the genotype matrixList of the identities of all individuals in the "individual genotypes" matrix. Each entry corresponds to a row in the "individual genotypes" matrix.list_of_individuals_SNPs.csvList of candidate genesList of candidate genes. This file contains a header. marker_name corresponds to the marker identities (columns) in the " individual genotypes" matrix. gene_cat are the categories investigated in this study. candidate_gene are the corresponding gene names.list_of_candidate_genes.csvIndividual by gathering event matrix 2007This matrix indicates which individuals were present at which gathering events. Columns are gathering events, rows are individuals. Gathering events are ordered by time and date (from early to late). Presence at a gathering event is marked with a 1. The identities of the individuals can be found in the "list of individuals for the I by GE matrix 2007". The locations of the gathering events can be found in the "list of locations of the gathering events 2007".individual_by_gathering_event_2007.csvList of individuals for the I by GE matrix 2007List of the identities of the individuals in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2007". Each entry corresponds to a row in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2007".list_of_individuals_2007.csvList of locations of the gathering events 2007List of the locations of all gathering events in 2007. Each entry corresponds to a column in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2007". The values correspond to the rows and columns in the "spatial distance matrix" and the rows in the "eigen vectors of the spatial weighting matrix".list_of_locations_of_gathering_events_2007.csvIndividual by gathering event matrix 2008This matrix indicates which individuals were present at which gathering events. Columns are gathering events, rows are individuals. Gathering events are ordered by time and date (from early to late). Presence at a gathering event is marked with a 1. The identities of the individuals can be found in the "list of individuals for the I by GE matrix 2008". The locations of the gathering events can be found in the "list of locations of the gathering events 2008".individual_by_gathering_event_2008.csvList of individuals for the I by GE matrix 2008List of the identities of the individuals in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2008". Each entry corresponds to a row in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2008".list_of_individuals_2008.csvList of locations of the gathering events 2008List of the locations of all gathering events in 2008. Each entry corresponds to a column in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2008". The values correspond to the rows and columns in the "spatial distance matrix" and the rows in the "eigen vectors of the spatial weighting matrix".list_of_locations_of_gathering_events_2008.csvIndividual by gathering event matrix 2009This matrix indicates which individuals were present at which gathering events. Columns are gathering events, rows are individuals. Gathering events are ordered by time and date (from early to late). Presence at a gathering event is marked with a 1. The identities of the individuals can be found in the "list of individuals for the I by GE matrix 2009". The locations of the gathering events can be found in the "list of locations of the gathering events 2009".individual_by_gathering_event_2009.csvList of individuals for the I by GE matrix 2009List of the identities of the individuals in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2009". Each entry corresponds to a row in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2009".list_of_individuals_2009.csvList of locations of the gathering events 2009List of the locations of all gathering events in 2009. Each entry corresponds to a column in the "individual by gathering event matrix 2009". The values correspond to the rows and columns in the "spatial distance matrix" and the rows in the "eigen vectors of the spatial weighting matrix".list_of_locations_of_gathering_events_2009.csvSpatial distance matrixThe spatial distances between all feeding stations (in meters). Rows and columns correspond to the locations of the feeding stations, i.e. the values in the "list of locations of gathering events 2007/2008/2009" files.spatial_distance_matrix.csvDistance based Moran's Eigenvector MapsThe distance based Moran's Eigenvector Maps (db-MEMs) for all feeding stations. Rows correspond to the feeding station locations and columns to the 20 Eigenvectors.spatial_weighting_matrix_Eigen_vectors.csvAsymmetric Eigenvector Maps 2007The Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps for the gathering events in 2007. Rows correspond to the gathering events and columns to the first 500 Eigenvectors.asymmetric_eigenvector_maps_2007.csv.zipAsymmetric Eigenvector Maps 2008The Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps for the gathering events in 2008. Rows correspond to the gathering events and columns to the first 500 Eigenvectors.asymmetric_eigenvector_maps_2008.csv.zipAsymmetric Eigenvector Maps 2009The Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps for the gathering events in 2009. Rows correspond to the gathering events and columns to the first 500 Eigenvectors.asymmetric_eigenvector_maps_2009.csv.zip