DOI: 10.3886/icpsr38735.v1
title: COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk: Wave 4, United States, 2020-2021
title: Version 1

description: In the context of COVID-19, RAND and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) partnered again to build from the National Survey of Health Attitudes to implement a longitudinal survey to understand how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the pandemic, with particular focus on populations deemed vulnerable or underserved, including people of color and those from low to moderate-income backgrounds.
The questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the roles of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations. Some questions used in the NSHA are fielded in this COVID-19 survey while others are newly used from other COVID-19 surveys or newly developed for this effort. The study is a longitudinal study, collecting data in four waves. The study also included 2 populations: A sample of populations at greater risk, and a general population sample. This study includes the results for Wave 4 for populations at greater risk. The questions in the surveys were largely similar across all four waves. 
Demographic info includes sex, marital status, household size, race and ethnicity, family income, employment status, age, and census region.
description: The objectives of this survey were:

To understand the experience of COVID-19, with particular focus on underserved populations, especially in terms of income and race and ethnicity.
To examine how these populations may be thinking about COVID-19 in the context of health mindset and expectations, the role of government versus the private sector, and health equity and to explore how this thinking evolves as communities continue to experience impacts but also recover.
To identify, over time, whether American views about health and health equity have evolved and, in short, assess whether the progress toward a Culture of Health has evolved (e.g., greater understanding of what influences health, the existence of health inequities, the willingness and action to engage civically for health).
description: Data were collected via the RAND American Life Panel (ALP) and the KnowledgePanel, two nationally representative internet panels recruited via probability-based sampling methods. Both surveys were conducted from September 7th through October 4th, 2021. The two survey efforts combined resulted in a final total sample of 3,588 competed surveys. All respondents from the first wave of this study were invited to participate in future waves.
description: The dataset contains the weight variable <strong> W4WEIGHT </strong> (Weight for combined W4 sample). 
To make the sample representative of the selected population (or the overall population), the principal investigator used weighting, a statistical adjustment. To create weights to match the distribution of characteristics in the sample as closely as possible to that of the population from the 2019 Current Population Survey (CPS), a raking algorithm was used. The study aimed to match population proportions on interactions of gender and race and ethnicity, gender and education, and gender and age and household income interacted with household size.
description: Response Rates: There was a 69.6% completion rate for participants in this study.
description: Respondents for the KnowledgePanel (now part of Ipsos, previously GfK) and the RAND American Life Panel were recruited using probability-based methods (such as Address Based Sampling and Random Digit Dialing). 
In both panels, respondents who are Black, Hispanic, or Asian were oversampled. The KnowledgePanel sample was limited to individuals in households with incomes under $125,000. The ALP sample limited White individuals to those with household incomes under $125,000 but imposed no income limits on Black, Hispanic, or Asian respondents. 
In addition to the data described above, data were collected from respondents with higher incomes. This group included panelists with incomes between $75,000 and $125,000 who were randomly not selected for the COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk Survey and all panelists with incomes over $125,000.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk: Wave 4, United States, 2020-2021
description: Adult population of the United States, with oversamples of Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Sample restricted to households with income under $125,000 per year.. Smallest Geographic Unit: Census Region
description: web-based surveyRespondents can be linked across all four waves using the <strong>RANDID</strong> variable.For more information, please visit the study report page on the RAND Corporation website.