cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kf4tr
title: Data from: Precision grip control while walking down a stair step

description: The aim of this study was to determine whether the internal model
 regulating grip force (GF)/load force (LF) coordination during a brisk
 load increase is preserved when the lower extremities produce a
 perturbation during a single step-down task. We observed the coordination
 of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), GF and LF while holding a
 handheld object during a single step-down task. The 3 forces (vGRF, GF and
 LF) decreased during the start of the task. While the subject was
 descending, LF and GF became dissociated from vGRF and increased in value,
 probably to anticipate the first foot contact. Coordination of LF and GF
 was maintained until the maximal vGRF (knee extension). LF peaked in the
 same time window as vGRF, whereas GF peaked about 70 ms later. This
 desynchronization, which was previously observed in direct load increase
 on a handheld object, was interpreted to be a predictive action to ensure
 the smooth management of the brisk increase in load induced by the lower
 extremities. Incidentally, in this group, kinematic and dynamic
 differences were observed between men and women, which may highlight a
 gender-specific strategy to perform the step-down task. In conclusion,
 these results suggest that the internal model of precision grip is able to
 integrate a brisk load change, whatever its origin, and regulate the
 forces to provide an ideal GF to dampen a brisk load increase and secure
 the object.
description: Kinem-Dynam_var(tables+graphs)DATA FOR PLOS_One.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qq20s
title: Data from: Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species.

description: Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied
 through common garden experiments, but these are costly and
 time-consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We
 explored whether genome-wide scanning technology combined with outlier
 marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide
 an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled
 nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus
 tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a
 Bayesian analysis we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive
 (outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome. Population-level
 allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with
 temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with
 population differences in functional traits measured in two common
 gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal
 coordinates we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of
 genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted
 migration or genetic augmentation.
description: Molecular, climate and
 functional trait data for Eucalyptus tricarpaSee ReadMe
 file.E_tricarpa_Data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q5p8q
title: Data from: Collective dispersal leads to variance in fitness and maintains offspring size variation within marine populations

description: Variance in fitness is well known to influence the outcome of evolution
 but is rarely considered in the theory of marine reproductive strategies.
 In coastal environments, turbulent mesoscale eddies can collect larvae
 into ‘packets’ resulting in collective dispersal. Larvae in packets return
 to the coast or are lost offshore in groups, producing variance in
 fitness. Using a Markov process to calculate fixation probabilities for
 competing phenotypes, we examine the evolution of offspring size and
 spawning duration in species with benthic adults and pelagic offspring.
 The offspring size that provides mothers with the highest mean fitness
 also generates the greatest variance in fitness, but pairwise invasion
 plots show that bet-hedging strategies are not evolutionarily stable:
 maximizing expected fitness correctly predicts the unique evolutionarily
 stable strategy. Nonetheless, fixation can take a long time. We find that
 selection to increase spawning duration as a risk-avoidance strategy to
 reduce the negative impacts of stochastic recruitment success can allow
 multiple offspring sizes to coexist in a population for extended periods.
 This has two important consequences for offspring size: 1) coexistence
 occurs over a broader range of sizes and is longer when spawning duration
 is longer, because longer spawning durations reduce variation in fitness
 and increase the time to fixation, and 2) longer spawning durations can
 compensate for having a non-optimal size and even allow less optimal sizes
 to reach fixation. Collective dispersal and longer spawning durations
 could effectively maintain offspring size variation even in the absence of
 good and bad years or locations. Empirical comparisons of offspring size
 would, therefore, not always reflect environment-specific differences in
 the optimal size.
description: R scripts and results
 for figures in Burgess, Snyder, RountreeThe .zip file contains R
 scripts (.R) and script results (.RData and .dat) for all figures
 presented in Burgess, Snyder, Rountree. Script result files are provided
 because some code takes several hours to run on a laptop, or has been
 parallelized to run on a large cluster, which many users might not have
 access to.BurgessSnyderRountreeAmNatScripts.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rm73j
title: Data from: How species longevity, intraspecific morphological variation, and geographic range size are related: a comparison using late Cambrian trilobites

description: Phenotypic variation is fundamental to evolutionary change. Variation not
 only evinces the connectivity of populations but it is also associated
 with the adaptability and evolvability of taxa. Despite the potential
 importance of morphological variation in structuring evolutionary
 patterns, little is known about how relative differences in intraspecific
 morphological variation and its geographic structure are linked to
 differences in species longevity. This study offers a novel combination of
 analyses that reveal the quantitative relationships among intraspecific
 variation, geographic range size and duration in the fossil record using
 late Cambrian trilobites. Results show that geographic range size and
 duration are positively correlated. Surprisingly, longer lived species
 tend to have less intraspecific variation. Phylogenetic effects were also
 explored and found not to determine the association between these
 variables. However, the distribution of geographic range sizes shows
 strong phylogenetic signal. In light of previous work, one possible
 explanation for these results is that species with shorter durations have
 comparatively higher rates of morphological evolution, reflected in higher
 phenotypic variation overall.
description: HopkinsPteroLandmarkThe text file "HopkinsPteroLandmarks.txt" contains x and y coordinates landmarks for all specimens used in this analysis before paired landmarks were reflected across the sagittal axis. The first column shows the species name. The second column shows the collection number that the specimen came from. See Tables 1 and 2 from the supplementary online material accompanying this paper for locality information for each collection. The remaining columns list the x and y coordinates of each landmark from 1 to 15. Missing landmarks are indicated by "NA". See ReadMe file for figure showing landmarks.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5cf560ff
title: Data from: On the equivalence of host local adaptation and parasite maladaptation: an experimental test

description: In spatio-temporally varying environments, host-parasite coevolution may
 lead to either host or parasite local adaptation. Using reciprocal
 infestations over 11 pairs of plots, we tested local adaptation in the hen
 flea and its main host, the great tit. Flea reproductive success (number
 of adult at host fledging) was lower on host individuals from the same
 plot compared to foreign hosts (from another plot), revealing flea local
 maladaptation. Host reproductive success (number of fledged young) was
 lower for nests infested by foreign fleas compared to controls, with an
 intermediate success for nests infested by local fleas. This suggests host
 local adaptation although the absence of local adaptation could not be
 excluded. However, fledglings were heavier and larger when reared with
 foreign compared to local fleas, which could also indicate host local
 maladaptation if the fitness gain in offspring size offsets the potential
 cost in offspring number. Our results therefore challenge the traditional
 view that parasite local maladaptation is equivalent to host local
 adaptation. The differences in fledgling morphology between nests infested
 with local and foreign fleas suggest that flea origin affects host
 resource allocation strategy between nestling growth and defense against
 parasites. Therefore determining the mechanisms that underlie these local
 adaptation patterns requires the identification of the relevant fitness
 measures and life-history trade-offs in both species.
description: LocalAdap_fleastits
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f267k
title: Data from: Expressions of nitrate transporter genes reveal different nitrogen statuses of dominant diatom groups in the southern East China Sea

description: In this study, the mRNA levels of the Nrt2 nitrate transporter gene were
 used as a molecular indicator of nitrogen status in two dominant diatom
 groups, Skeletonema and Chaetoceros, which inhabit the southern East China
 Sea (ECS). To accurately interpret the abundance of Nrt2 transcripts in
 situ, maximum and minimum expression levels were determined under
 conditions of nitrogen deprivation and ammonium addition, respectively. In
 August 2010, Nrt2 transcript levels in Skeletonema at the inner shelf
 region exhibited a mean of 111 mmole/(mole EFL); at the mid-shelf region,
 the mean Nrt2 mRNA levels were 298 mmole/(mole EFL), which was very close
 to the maximum levels observed under nitrogen starvation. By contrast, the
 Nrt2 transcript levels in Chaetoceros were low at all of the shelf
 locations, except at one station in the mid-shelf region. The cross-shelf
 mean was 2.86 mmole/(mole EFL), which was similar to the expression levels
 observed in cultured Chaetoceros under conditions of sufficient ammonium.
 Similar expression patterns were observed in diatoms in the southern ECS
 in June 2011, but the Nrt2 transcript levels in Skeletonema at the inner
 shelf region were reduced to a mean of 28.6 mmole/(mole EFL). Regression
 analysis indicated that cell abundance and Nrt2 expression were closely
 related to the nutricline depth in the coastward half of the southern ECS
 for Skeletonema but not for Chaetoceros. These results indicate that the
 evaluated species differ in nitrogen status, which may reflect their
 evolutionary strategies to survive in a fluctuating marine environment.
description: Fig. S1. Cross-shelf
 transects of nitrate concentrations during the two cruises conducted in
 August 2010 and June 2011.FigS1_Nutricline.pptFig. S2. Determination of real-time PCR efficiencies of Nrt2 group-specific primers (Ch4: Chaetoceros,GSc: Skeletonema).FigS2_Q-PCR_standard_Curve.xlsTable S1. Detailed information about sampling time, locations, and environmental parameters.TableS1_Sampling_information.xlsTable S2. Q-PCR threshold cycles (CT) obtained from the cross-reactivity tests of Skeletonema- and Chaetoceros-specific primers.TableS2_Q-PCR_Raw_Data_from _Cross-reactivity_tests.xlsTable S3. Q-RT-PCR threshold cycles (CT) detected from ECS samples (original) and relative expression assays.TableS3_Q-RT-PCR_Raw_Data_from_ECS.xlsTable S4. Calculation of Nrt2 index in the East China Sea.TableS4_Calculation_of_Nrt2_Index.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qd734
title: Data from: Microanatomy of the amniote femur and inference of lifestyle in limbed vertebrates

description: The femoral microanatomy of 155 species of extant amniotes (57 species of
 mammals, 15 species of turtles, 56 species of lepidosaurs, and 27 species
 of birds) of known lifestyle is studied to demonstrate a possible link
 between some basic parameters of bone structure and specific lifestyles,
 as well as phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Squared change
 parsimony with random taxon reshuffling and pairwise comparisons reveal
 that most compactness and size parameters exhibit both phylogenetic and
 ecological signals. A discriminant analysis produces several inference
 models, including a ternary model (aquatic, amphibious, terrestrial) that
 yield the correct lifestyle in 88% of the cases. These models are used to
 infer the lifestyle of three extinct Permian temnospondyls: Eryops
 megacephalus, Acheloma dunni, and Trimerorhachis insignis.
description: Quémeneur et al. SOM
 1Excel file about taxa,
 lifestyle, section size, and bibliographic information.Quémeneur et al. R1 SOM
 1.xlsQuemeneur et al. SOM
 2Mesquite Nexus file
 including taxa, habitat and microanatomical data, and time-calibrated
 trees.Quémeneur et al. SOM
 3Tree
 in pdf format showing the comparative dataset.Quémeneur et al. SOM
 3.pdfQuémeneur et al. SOM
 4Paleobiological
 inference models in an Excel workbok. There are two models, one binary and
 one ternary, each on its sheet. Insert the data about size and
 microanatomy, and the inferred lifestyle appears.Quémeneur et al. SOM
 4.xls
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jq96wn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 53 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Africa",
 "Country is Kenya",
 "Geometry POLYGON((39.77467 -3.51376,40.05945 -3.51376,40.05945 -3.16084,39.77467 -3.16084,39.77467 -3.51376))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Testudines"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 53 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000583-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j4h5f
title: Data from: Hybridization and reproductive isolation between diploid Erythronium mesochoreum and its tetraploid congener E. albidum (Liliaceae)

description: Polyploidy has played an important role in angiosperm diversification, but
 how polyploidy contributes to reproductive isolation remains poorly
 understood. Most work has focused on postzygotic reproductive barriers,
 and the influence of ploidy differences on prezygotic barriers is
 understudied. To address these gaps, we quantified hybrid occurrence,
 interspecific self-compatibility differences, and the contributions of
 multiple pre- and postzygotic barriers to reproductive isolation between
 diploid Erythronium mesochoreum (Liliaceae) and its tetraploid congener E.
 albidum. Reproductive isolation between the study species was nearly
 complete, and naturally occurring hybrids were infrequent and largely
 sterile. Although postzygotic barriers effected substantial reproductive
 isolation when considered in isolation, the study species’ spatial
 distributions and pollinator assemblages overlapped little, such that
 interspecific pollen transfer is likely uncommon. We did not find evidence
 that E. albidum and E. mesochoreum differed in mating systems, indicating
 that self-incompatibility release may not have fostered speciation in this
 system. Ultimately, we demonstrate that E. albidum and E. mesochoreum are
 reproductively isolated by multiple, hierarchically-operating barriers,
 and we add to the currently limited number of studies demonstrating that
 early acting barriers such as pollinator-mediated isolation can be
 important for effecting and sustaining reproductive isolation in
 diploid-polyploid systems.
description: 01_Flow Cytometry RF
 ValuesFlow cytometry relative
 fluorescence values used to assess hybrid occurrence at contact
 zones.02_Geographic Isolation
 DataData used to calculate
 the extent of geographic isolation between E. albidum and E. mesochoreum
 using floral visitors' intertegular spans.035_herb
 recordsHerbarium records used
 in the analysis of phenological differences between E. albidum and E.
 mesochoreumherbarium
 analysesR code for the herbarium
 analysesFL Phenology Null
 ModelR code for the
 field-based phenology modelphenology20102010 phenology data (see description in R script)phenology2010editedited 2010 phenology data (see R script for description)phenology20112011 phenology data (see R script for additional info)phenology2011editedited 2011 phenology file (see R script for details)Code for sd set sd mass and SIR code for analyses of seed set, seed mass, and SI releasepollination spreadsheet 2010 2011spreadsheet of hand-pollination data for analyses of seed set, seed mass, and SI release06_Pollen viability counts spreadsheet_for msData used for calculations of E. mesochoreum and hybrid pollen viability
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0t313
title: Data from: Predictably philandering females prompt poor paternal provisioning

description: One predicted cost of female infidelity in socially monogamous species is
 that cuckolded males should provide less parental care. This relationship
 is robust across species, but evidence is ambiguous within species. We do
 not know whether individual males reduce their care when paired with
 cheating females compared with when paired with faithful females
 (within-male adjustment) or, alternatively, if the males that pair with
 cheating females are the same males that provide less parental care in
 general (between-male effect). Our exceptionally extensive long-term data
 set of repeated observations of a wild passerine allows us to disentangle
 paternal care adjustment within males-within pairs and between males-while
 accounting for environmental variables. We found a within-male adjustment
 of paternal provisioning, but not incubation effort, relative to the
 cuckoldry in their nest. This effect was mainly driven by females
 differing consistently in their fidelity. There was no evidence that this
 within-male adjustment also took place across broods with the same female,
 and we found no between-male effect. Interestingly, males that gained more
 extrapair paternity provided less care. Data from a cross-foster
 experiment suggested that males did not use kin recognition to assess
 paternity. Our results provide insight into the role of individual
 variation in parental care and mating systems.
description: PCForDryadParental care data file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vk7sr8tr
title: Data from: Wildfire provides refuge from local extinction but is an unlikely driver of outbreaks by mountain pine beetle

description: Bark beetle outbreaks and wildfire are important disturbances in conifer
 ecosystems, yet their interactions are not well understood. We evaluated
 whether fire injury increased susceptibility of lodgepole pines (Pinus
 contorta) to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), how
 it influenced beetle reproductive success, and whether beetle population
 phase altered this interaction. Eight sites that experienced wildfire and
 eight unburned sites were examined in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
 (U.S.A). Half were in areas where D. ponderosae was undergoing outbreaks
 and half were in areas with low populations. We examined 2056 trees one
 year after fire for burn injury and beetle attack. We quantified beetle
 reproductive success in a random sample of 106 trees, and measured gallery
 areas of D. ponderosae and competing subcortical herbivores in 79
 additional trees. Baited flight traps sampled stand-level populations of
 subcortical herbivores and predators. Wildfire predisposed trees to D.
 ponderosae attack, but non-linearly, with moderately-injured trees being
 most preferred. This tree-level interaction was influenced by stand-level
 beetle population size, in that both healthy and fire-injured trees of all
 classes were attacked where populations were high, but no healthy trees,
 and only low- and moderately-injured trees were killed where populations
 were low. The number of adult brood produced per female was likewise
 curvilinear, being highest in moderately-injured trees. This reflected an
 apparent trade-off, with high intraspecific competition arising from the
 large number of beetles needed to overcome defenses in healthy trees,
 versus high interspecific competition and low substrate quality in more
 injured trees. These results suggest fire-injured trees can provide a
 reservoir for D. ponderosae during periods when populations are too low to
 overcome defenses of healthy trees, and might otherwise face localized
 extinction. However, the likelihood of populations increasing from endemic
 to outbreak levels in response to increased susceptibility is offset by
 the opposing constraints of lower substrate quality and higher competitor
 load in severely-injured hosts, and the relative scarcity of
 moderately-injured trees. Wildfire may confer some reproductive increases
 to populations already out-breaking. We present a conceptual model of how
 these disturbances and inherent feedbacks interact to affect beetle
 population dynamics.
description: Mountain pine beetle
 colonization and reproductive success measurements within fire-injured
 lodgepole pine of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystemecol monogr ms raw
 data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3v479j
title: Data from: Intraguild predation drives evolutionary niche shift in threespine stickleback

description: Intraguild predation – competition and predation by the same antagonist –
 is widespread, but its evolutionary consequences are unknown. Intraguild
 prey may evolve antipredator defenses, superior competitive ability on
 shared resources, or the ability to use an alternative resource, any of
 which may alter the structure of the food web. We tested for evolutionary
 responses by threespine stickleback to a benthic intraguild predator,
 prickly sculpin. We used a comparative morphometric analysis to show that
 stickleback sympatric with sculpin are more armored and have more
 limnetic-like body shapes than allopatric stickleback. To test the
 ecological implications of this shift we conducted a mesocosm experiment
 that varied sculpin presence and stickleback population of origin (from
 one sympatric and one allopatric lake). Predation by sculpin greatly
 increased the mortality of allopatric stickleback. In contrast, sculpin
 presence did not affect the mortality of sympatric stickleback, though
 they did have lower growth rates suggesting increased non-predatory
 effects of sculpin. Consistent with their morphology, sympatric
 stickleback included more pelagic prey in their diets, leading to
 depletion of zooplankton in the mesocosms. These findings suggest that
 intraguild prey evolution has altered food web structure by reducing both
 predation by the intraguild predator and diet overlap between species.
description: Data underlying
 comparative and experimental tests of the effects of intraguild predation
 by prickly sculpin on threespine sticklebackFour .csv data files are
 included, associated with different elements of the study: comparative
 stickleback body shape data; individual-level stickleback data from the
 mesocosm experiment; mesocosm-level data from the experiment; and
 morphology data for wild and lab-reared stickleback from two lakes. Each
 .csv file is associated with a README .txt file with explanations of the
 variables. Additionally, an R script file is provided to allow replication
 of the statistical analyses in the manuscriptDryad
 files.zip