DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r717q
title: Data from: Early diversification trend and Asian origin for extant bat lineages

description: Bats are a unique mammalian group, which belong to one of the largest and
 most diverse mammalian radiations, but their early diversification is
 still poorly understood, and conflicting hypotheses have emerged regarding
 their biogeographic history. Understanding their diversification is
 crucial for untangling the enigmatic evolutionary history of bats. In this
 study, we elucidated the rate of diversification and the biogeographic
 history of extant bat lineages using genus-level chronograms. The results
 suggest that a rapid adaptive radiation persisted from the emergence of
 crown bats until the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, whereas there was a
 major deceleration in diversification around 35–49 Ma. There was a
 positive association between changes in the palaeotemperature and the net
 diversification rate until 35 Ma, which suggests that the
 palaeotemperature may have played an important role in the regulation of
 ecological opportunities. By contrast, there were unexpectedly higher
 diversification rates around 25–35 Ma during a period characterized by
 intense and long-lasting global cooling, which implies that intrinsic
 innovations or adaptations may have released some lineages from the
 intense selective pressures associated with these severe conditions. Our
 reconstruction of the ancestral distribution suggests an Asian origin for
 bats, thereby indicating that the current panglobal but disjunct
 distribution pattern of extant bats may be related to events involving
 seriate cross-continental dispersal and local extinction, as well as the
 influence of geological events and the expansion and contraction of
 megathermal rainforests during the Tertiary.
description: Data S1 Additional
 details related to each procedure described in the Materials and Methods
 and the Result of temporal pattern of diversification.Additional Supporting
 Information for additional details of each procedure in the Materials and
 Methods and the Result of temporal pattern of diversification (Data S1),
 and the related supplementary tables and figures (Tables S1, S2, S3, S4,
 S5, S6, and S7; Figs S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5).SI-YU.docxFig. S1 Genus-level chronograms for Chiroptera, which were obtained using Bayesian and relaxed molecular clock approaches (inferred chronogram).Fig. S1 Genus-level chronograms for Chiroptera, which were obtained using Bayesian and relaxed molecular clock approaches (inferred chronogram).Figure.S1.pdfFig. S2 Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of a constant diversification rate when the birth rates shifted.Fig. S2 Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of a constant diversification rate when the birth rates shifted.Figure.S2.pdfFig. S3. Pie chart summarizing the statistics for the 2Δ2 values of the chronograms derived from the sensitivity analyses.Fig. S3. Pie chart summarizing the statistics for the 2Δ2 values of the chronograms derived from the sensitivity analyses.Figure.S3.pdfFig. S4 Ancestral area reconstructions (AARs) of extant chiropteran genera under model TV2 with stratified dispersal probabilities between areas based on the inferred chronogram.Fig. S4 Ancestral area reconstructions (AARs) of extant chiropteran genera under model TV2 with stratified dispersal probabilities between areas based on the inferred chronogram.Figure.S4.pdfFig. S5 Semi-logarithmic lineage-through-time (LTT) plots under different assumptions about the root age of Chiroptera.Fig. S5 Semi-logarithmic lineage-through-time (LTT) plots under different assumptions about the root age of Chiroptera.Figure.S5.pdfRaw DataRaw data included one DNA sequence alignment, two maximum clade credibility trees, and two chronograms for analyses