DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffj6
title: Data from: Phylogenomic loci define the generic boundaries of Gochnatieae and improve resolution at the species level in Moquiniastrum (Compositae)

description: Understanding the evolution of the tribe Gochnatieae (Compositae) has been
 the subject of considerable effort in the past decade. This is due to the
 key position of this tribe in the phylogeny of the sunflower family and
 the corresponding implications for biogeographic and morphological
 evolution of Compositae. Previous studies have confirmed the monophyly of
 this tribe as well as most of the genera that belong to it. However,
 phylogenetic resolution of Gochnatieae at both the genus- and
 species-level has remained poor. A subset of new phylogenomic loci used in
 this study has proven effective and has improved phylogenetic resolution
 in this group. The results of this work demonstrate Gochnatieae is a
 well-supported clade comprised of nine genera (Anastraphia, Cnicothamnus,
 Cyclolepis, Gochnatia, Moquiniastrum, Nahuatlea,  Pentaphorus,
 Richterago, Tehuasca). One recently described genus, Vickia, was not
 included in this study; but its placement in Gochnatieae as a tenth genus
 in the tribe is well-justified. The monospecific Cyclolepis, which had
 been circumscribed within the tribe since its inception but was
 subsequently removed and designated as incertae sedis since 2014, is also
 shown to belong to Gochnatieae. We confirmed the monophyletic
 Moquiniastrum with two well-supported subclades. Ancestral area
 reconstruction analyses show that Gochnatieae originated in Eastern South
 America about 53 my. Apparently, except for Cyclolepis and Richterago, the
 ancestors of the other genera of Gochnatieae originated about 44 my from
 an area that now corresponds to the central Andes. The presence of the
 genera in the Chaco phytogeographic province, central Chile, and
 Mexico-United States-Caribbean is a result of dispersal from the central
 Andes. The ancestral distribution of Moquiniastrum corresponds to a large
 area comprising Eastern South America and the current central Andes, about
 32 my. Ancestral character state reconstruction that included four
 characters indicates several states associated with complex plant
 reproductive biology such as gynodioecy, gynomonoecy, and polygamodioecy
 are derived in Gochnatieae as are heterogamous capitula (in Moquiniastrum
 and Richterago), dimorphic and subdimorphic corollas (in Cnicothamnus,
 Moquiniastrum, and Richterago), and the presence of marginal female
 corollas (in Moquiniastrum and Richterago). Within Moquiniastrum, two
 subclades (Densicephalum and Polymorphum) exhibit divergent patterns of
 trait evolution associated with these reproductive characters which
 suggests this genus can serve as a model to understand the sexual system
 evolution in plants.
description: High-throughput sequencing libraries were generated using
 microfluidic PCR-based target enrichment and sequenced on an Illumina
 MiSeq. Sequences were demultiplexed, cleaned, assembled, and then aligned
 per locus. Geographic areas were selected based on occurrence data
 gathered from herbarium records for all taxa included in this study.
 Ancestral character state matrices were constructed from herbarium
 collections and taxonomic knowledge by the taxonomic specialists who are
 authors of this manuscript.
description: # Data from: Phylogenomic loci define the generic boundaries of
 Gochnatieae and improve resolution at the species level in Moquiniastrum
 (Compositae)
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffj6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffj6) ## Description of the data and file structure Char_Final3.csv corresponds to the parameter file used for ancestral character state reconstruction analyses, carried out using the phytools package in R.  Dist_Areas_2022.csv corresponds to the parameter file used for ancestral area analyses carried out using BioGeoBEARS. Distribution of taxa analyzed in this study follows the areas defined as A-F and described in the manuscript.  42_Concat_14June2021.xml corresponds to the parameter file used for divergence dating analyses carried out in this study using the software, BEAST.  Each .fasta file corresponds to multiple sequence alignments for each molecular marker analyzed in this study. The name of the .fasta file corresponds to the name of each locus analyzed, following the "Working Locus Identifier" described in Appendix 2 of the manuscript.  ## Sharing/Access information n/a