cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/98148025-e8ef-40f9-907e-dae8b28106d2
title: Operational and water quality data from a decentralised, low-maintenance, drinking water treatment system trial, UK, November 2019 to February 2020

description: This dataset comprises operational data for a novel decentralised drinking water treatment platform (DWTP) and water quality data for three sampling points within the treatment system. The dataset captures a period of 12 weeks between November 2019 and February 2020. The DWTP was continuously operational throughout this time period with samples from across the system being collected at nine timepoints throughout this three-month period. Operational data from the remote telemetry unit on the DWTP reports flow rate through the system, transmembrane pressure for the ultrafiltration and both the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and the free chlorine of the treated water. Data is also provided for a suite of biological, physicochemical, chemical, metals, hydrocarbons and disinfection byproducts. This data was produced from water samples which were sent to an accredited UK laboratory. The data reports for all samples for each of the 3 sampling locations within the treatment system are summarised into .csv files. Information about the location of each sampling point and the level of treatment received at each point can be found in the supporting documentation.
description: Operational data is provided by a remote monitoring management system with average values provided every 5 minutes, and minimum and maximum values provided for the 5-minute time periods where available.
Samples were collected as per the specified UKAS laboratory protocols using sampling bottles provided by the external laboratory. Water quality parameter data is summarised through reports obtained via the UKAS laboratory. This information has been compiled into data summary spreadsheets, which are uploaded here. The details of the standard methods used by the external laboratory is provided in the supporting documentation to aid data interpretation.
DOI: 10.5285/ef1fb0e7-0c61-4d06-bbde-719f586cb1be
title: Fungal hyphal in-growth from experimental tree-planting plots at two sites in Northeast Scotland (Glensaugh and Ballogie), May-November 2021, from the Moorland Colonisation Experiment (MOORCO)

description: The dataset looks at Fungal hyphal in-growth into sandbags at two of the MOORCO experimental tree planting sites in North East Scotland (Glensaugh and Ballogie). 

The MOORCO experiment is an experimental tree planting project established on heather moorland in North East Scotland in 2005 to study the impact of woodland expansion on heather-dominated moorland.

MOORCO is managed by the James Hutton Institute. The data in this file relate to fenced experimental plots (part of the MOORCO-BIG experiment) planted with Birch (Betula pubescens) and Pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees at 1m spacing, as well as unplanted heather controls. The treatment replication level is n = 4 at Glensaugh and n = 3 at Ballogie.

description: Data are obtained from buried mesh bags – the mesh size excludes roots but allows fungal ingrowth. After leaving in the soil for 6 months the bags were excavated and the total carbon content of hyphae within the bag was measured via elemental analysis. 

QC on all variables involved checking max and minimum values to ensure these are within the range of ecologically realistic values, and plotting histograms of data to identify obvious outliers. No obvious outliers or unrealistic values were identified so all data are included.
DOI: 10.5285/fd8151e9-0ee2-4dfa-a254-470c9bb9bc1e
title: Sulphur and nitrogen atmospheric Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) data for the UK (2013-2015)

description: These datasets provide Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) values of sulphur and nitrogen atmospheric deposition for 5x5 kilometre (km) grid squares of the UK averaged over the years 2013 to 2015.

The data consist of deposition values for sulphur, oxidised nitrogen and reduced nitrogen, and base cations. Total deposition is the sum of four components calculated separately: wet deposition, dry deposition of gases, dry deposition of particulate matter and cloud droplet deposition.

Habitat-specific data are provided for (i) moorland/short vegetation everywhere, and (ii) forest everywhere. Additionally, the grid square average over multiple land cover types (i.e. arable, grassland, forest, moorland, urban) is also calculated. The habitat-specific data are recommended for use with critical loads for the calculation of critical load exceedances. The work in generating and compiling the dataset has been funded by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) and various Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) contracts.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: The Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) methodology generates 5x5 km resolution maps of wet and dry deposition of sulphur, oxidised and reduced nitrogen, and base cations from measured concentrations of gases and particulate matter in air and measured concentrations of ions in precipitation. These data are collected at sites in the UK Eutrophying and Acidifying Pollutants (UKEAP) network. The site-based measurements are first interpolated to generate maps of concentrations for the UK. The ion concentrations in precipitation are combined with an annual precipitation map from the UK Meteorological Office to generate values of wet deposition. Gas and particulate matter concentration maps are combined with spatially distributed estimates of habitat-specific deposition velocities to generate dry deposition for 5 land cover categories: forest, moorland, grassland, arable and urban. The deposition to the 5 land cover categories are combined, depending on the relative proportions of different land cover categories in the 5x5 km grid square, to generate values for grid square averaged deposition. Dry deposition includes deposition of gases (Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium and magnesium) to vegetation. For critical load exceedance calculations, deposition values for moorland are applied to all non-woodland habitats, and deposition values for forest are applied to all woodland habitats.

Data processing was done using the GenStat programme and results output as text files. These were then exported as comma separated values for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre.
DOI: 10.5285/59da8e86-04cc-4f46-a23c-65513d025326
title: Chimney Meadow (Church Field) soil water retention measurements (pF curves)

description: Soil moisture and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) measurements within the top metre of soil at Church Field, Chimney Meadow National Nature Reserve. Church Field lies on a clay lens which overlies surrounding sand and gravel soils. Apart from the A and B horizons, the clay was found to be fairly homogenous down to the maximum depth of 1.1m of the access pit. On the 1:250,000 Soil Map of South East England the location falls into the soils category 832 Kelmscott Association which comprise mostly permeable fine loamy soils over limestone gravel and variably affected by groundwater and with some risk of flooding. However, on the more detailed 1:25,000 scale Sand and Gravel Resources Map of the Thames Valley the clay lens is depicted as Oxford Clay substrate without sand and gravel cover, surrounded by sand and gravel terraces cropping out at the surface.
description: Data collected in the field by CEH. Samples were collected from a soil pit dug 13.75m from the north end of the ERT transect and offset 1.0m to the west of the transect line. Fixed volume soil samples were collected in stainless steel rings of dimension 100mm deep x 99mm I.D. at sample depth in increments of 10cm up to 1.0m. At each depth, two samples were collected. The samples were stood in a water bath until they reached an equilibrium (saturated) weight. The samples were then placed in (1) a sand bath (2) a sand/kaolin bath (3) pressure vessels set at a range of suctions in order to progressively dry out the samples. Water-release curves were constructed for each soil level.
DOI: 10.5285/cfeceb7e-b6b5-4f40-a1bc-c25f38deeb9f
title: Plant community basal data from a hedgerow cutting experiment in England, 2016

description: This dataset contains plant community data from a hedgerow experiment investigating the effects of cutting regimes on plant species richness. There were four sites, one in Buckinghamshire, two in Oxfordshire and one in Devon. Data were collected in 2016, using 1m x 10m quadrats on each side of the hedgerow at two positions. One quadrat was situated beneath the woody vegetation of the hedge (inner) and one adjacent to the inner quadrat (outer) to sample plant communities growing beside the hedge. Percentage vegetation cover was surveyed up to a height of 80cm.

The hedgerow experiment was one of three long running hedgerow experiments focusing on management to maintain and restore the hedgerow resource under agri-environment schemes. These long running experiments were funded by Defra and managed by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
description: Data were digitised into Excel after field collection and then imported into an Oracle database that contained all the data from the long running hedgerow experiments. The data provided here have been exported from the Oracle database. The following measures were taken to ensure quality and accuracy: a standard protocol was used, species data were collected by experienced and appropriately qualified field surveyors, species lists were checked by an expert, and data were checked for anomalous values both prior to and post import into the Oracle database.
DOI: 10.5285/0ac6249c-a6f2-4147-8ae9-50d576e85fc5
title: Land Classification of Cumbria 1975

description: The Land Classification of Cumbria is a classification of the county of Cumbria (Great Britain) into a set of 16 environmental strata, termed land classes, to be used as a basis for ecological survey, originally developed by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) in 1975. The strata were created from the multivariate analysis of 150 environmental variables, including topographic data, geographical features and geology data. The Land Classification can be used to stratify a wide range of ecological and biogeographical surveys to improve the efficiency of collection, analysis and presentation of information derived from a sample.
description: The Cumbria Land Classification was created in 1975 at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, using methodologies described in the supporting information. The map was later digitised by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/9e3055a3-a56b-4210-9628-4acd096ed9b7
title: Tree canopy cover and height data at 10m resolution for the North Pennines and Dales landscape, northern England, 2023

description: This dataset provides information on tree canopy cover percentage and mean canopy height, both at a 10m resolution, for the North Pennines & Dales in northern England. The data was derived from LiDAR analysis, which was used to create a vegetation height model for the region. From this model, tree crowns were identified and subsequently processed into two raster datasets: one representing the percentage of tree canopy cover and the other depicting mean canopy height, both specific to the North Pennines & Dales landscape. While significant efforts were made to exclude non-vegetative structures, some non-vegetative objects may still be present in the dataset.
description: Data was created using LiDAR data from the Environment agency, and processed into cover and height files using “gblidar” and “forestools” packages in R. Firstly, tree crowns and tree top points were created, then any buildings were erased with the OS open buildings data, and then processed into canopy cover percentage and mean height raster files. For quality control, we compared raster outputs to satellite imagery in ArcPro to compare areas of vegetation. While efforts were made to remove buildings, some other non-vegetation structures likely remain (e.g. pylons, caravans, walls etc).
DOI: 10.5285/55ed98e7-f150-43c8-9b93-d639c1c8af3e
title: Leaf functional trait data from three experimental sites in the Colombian Andes, June-August 2019

description: This dataset includes key leaf functional trait data collected from three common garden sites along an elevation/temperature gradient in the Colombian Andes. From eight species, there are a selection of leaf structural (leaf mass per unit area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf width) nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus, expressed on area- and mass-bases) and water-use efficiency (13C and g1) traits. Values for these traits were obtained by a combination of laboratory analysis, raw measurements with handheld equipment, and processing with packages in the ‘R’ environment. 
description: Leaf material was collected from eight species at the experimental sites. Immediately after collection, leaves were sealed in individual plastic bags with damp cotton wool to prevent premature drying.
For leaf structural traits, the following procedures were followed. High-precision electronic callipers were used to measure leaf thickness from three areas of each leaf, avoiding the central vein, with the average of these three measurements taken to be leaf thickness (mm). Images were taken of each leaf using a CanoScan LiDE 300 flatbed scanner and then processed using the ‘R’ environment (v4.2.1; R Core Team, 2022) to calculate leaf area (cm2) and leaf width (mm): leaf area was obtained using the ‘LeafArea’ package in R which automates the ImageJ programme while leaf width values were calculated using the ‘LeafJ’ plugin for ImageJ. Following scanning, leaves were weighed to give their wet weight before being dried in an oven to constant mass for approximately 48 hours at 70°C, then re-weighed to give their dry weight. Leaf dry matter content (mg g-1) was calculated as the quotient of leaf dry weight to leaf wet weight while leaf mass per unit area (g m-2) was calculated by dividing dry weight by LA.
For leaf nutrients and 13C values, leaves were ground into a powder using a shaker mill and ~1 mg of sample for each was then packed into tin capsules and run through an infrared mass spectrometer. This returned %N values, and thus, mass-based nitrogen content, as well as 13C. For leaf P content, 0.1-0.2 g of sample was subjected to ICP-OES analysis with a unique Dichroic Spectral; this returned mass-based phosphorus content. Both leaf N and P can be expressed on an area-basis by dividing by LMA.
For g1, the unified stomatal model was then fitted to diurnal course An and gs measurements in the R environment using the ‘plantecophys’ package to obtain the model parameter g1. The An and gs measurements were collected using LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system with the ambient conditions (photosynthetically active radiation, relative humidity, air temperature and 410ppm CO2) for each leaf replicated within the cuvette of the LI-6400XT before the leaf was inserted, allowing readings to be taken almost immediately.
DOI: 10.5285/e3598268-22d7-4913-a736-890728ea858b
title: Lepidoptera distribution and behaviour data from a mown boundary experiment within the Stonehenge landscape, UK, in 2012

description: his dataset consists of behaviour and distribution data of Lepidoptera from mown chalk grassland boundaries at the Stonehenge World Heritage Site in Wiltshire, UK, between July and August 2012. The landscape consisted of a mosaic of chalk grassland fragments on ancient burial mounds (barrows) and slopes, grassland re-creation fields of different ages since sowing, semi-improved pasture, arable farmland and woodland. In one of the grassland re-creation fields, two large areas were mown and eight 20 m long survey boundaries were set up. Four of these were set up on the edge of one of two mown areas and four were set up in areas of continuous un-mown grass which had dummy 'boundaries' parallel to the mown boundaries. The survey was conducted from the survey boundary and the flight path of individual Lepidoptera was tracked in the area 10 m either side of the survey boundary. Each individual Lepidoptera flight path was surveyed for three minutes. Each boundary was surveyed for a total of 20 minutes on three occasions over a five week period. The sequence of boundaries surveyed was chosen randomly and equal survey effort was allocated to visually searching both sides of the boundary. The order and time of day for surveying each survey area was random so to spread surveys throughout the survey period and throughout the day. Measures of vegetation characteristics and nectar flower availability were recorded for survey areas. Recorded vegetation characteristics included vegetation height and density. Nectar flower availability was measured as the number of flowering units of nectar flowers and numbers of those in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Dipsacaceae families. The data were collected as part of a PhD project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and the National Trust.
description: Data provided is as collected. Outliers and anomalies from pivot tables and exploratory analysis have been checked using results from previous research, particularly for species which are likely or not likely to occur in the area.
DOI: 10.5285/8db84900-5fdb-43be-a607-e56c843d9b87
title: Model estimates of topsoil moisture [Countryside Survey]

description: Topsoil moisture data - gravimetric moisture content (%). Data is representative of 0 - 15 cm soil depth. Cores from 1098 plots within 256 1km by 1km squares were measured in 1998 and 2614 plots within 591 1km x 1km squares were analysed in 2007 across Great Britain. See Emmett et al. 2010 for further details of sampling and methods (http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/5201/1/CS_UK_2007_TR3%5B1%5D.pdf). Estimates of mean values within selected habitats and parent material characteristics across GB were made using Countryside Survey (CS) data from 1998 and 2007 using a mixed model approach. The estimated means of habitat/parent material combinations are modelled on dominant habitat and parent material characteristics derived from the Land Cover Map 2007 and Parent Material Model 2009, respectively. The parent material characteristics used were those which minimised AIC in the model (see Data documentation). Please see Scott, 2008 for further details of similar statistical analysis (http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/5202/1/CS_UK_2007_TR4%5B1%5D.pdf). Areas, such as urban and littoral rock, are not sampled by CS and therefore have no associated data. Also, in some circumstances sample sizes for particular habitat / parent material combinations were insufficient to estimate mean values.
description: Data used are taken from the Countryside Survey Soils Report (Emmett et al. 2010) which can be found at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9354/1/CS_UK_2007_TR9.pdf
DOI: 10.5285/ca302d30-7b8b-46ec-90b6-67b79df00c92
title: European Monitoring and Evaluation Program Model for the UK (EMEP4UK) daily atmospheric composition for 2002-2021

description: This dataset is a model output from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) model applied to the UK (EMEP4UK) driven by Weather and Research Forecast model meteorology (WRF). It provides UK estimates daily averaged atmospheric composition at 3x3 km²  grid for the years 2002 to 2021.

The data consists of atmospheric composition and deposition values of various pollutants; including PM10, PM2.5, secondary organic aerosols (SOA), elemental carbon (EC), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), SO₂, NH₃, NOX, and O₃.

The EMEP4UK model version used here is rv4.36, and the WRF model version is the 4.2.2. 

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: The EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model calculated daily average concentrations for a model domain covering the UK with a resolution of about 3x3 km2. The model is evaluated using the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) monitoring stations (https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/network-info?view=aurn). R was used to access the AURN dataset to evaluate the EMEP4UK model output.
The data are processed from the full EMEP4UK model output to a subset containing essential variables only. The Climate Data Operators version 1.9.10 was used to subset the model output.
Your use of the content of this dataset is entirely at your own risk. We make no warranty or guarantee that the content is error free or fit for your intended use
DOI: 10.5285/f1415ba4-35cd-40db-a717-db6693b03eb0
title: Stable isotope and U/Th speleothem measurements from Vietnam, 200,000–334 years BP

description: The data includes carbon and oxygen stable isotopes together with top and bottom U-Th ages of stalagmites collected in Northwest, Central and Southern Vietnam. The purpose of this work was to identify suitable specimens that can be used for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. The stalagmites collected were found broken in-situ, and the exact location of the caves is not given here for cave protection purposes. The stalagmites were collected in February and March 2023, and geochemical analyses performed between April and December 2023.
description: Samples were brought to the laboratory from the field and cleaned with deionised water. The stalagmites were cut in half along the growth axis using a diamond wiresaw.  Subsamples for stable isotopes and U-Th dating were collected using a Sherline 2000 micromill. 

Stable isotope values were calculated based on international standards NBS18 and IAEA60. U-Th ages are reported relative to 1950 CE and assume a Thorium-230/Thorium-232 atomic ratio of 4 (± 2) x 10e-6. Samples were completely dissolved in diluted hydrochloric acid and spiked with a Thorium-229/Uranium-233,236 tracer, after which they were converted to nitric form by boiling nitric acid. The U/Th separations were conducted with extraction chromatography and the final U and Th fractions were measured using a Thermo Scientific Neptune MC-ICPMS.
DOI: 10.5285/0d5d69ae-7f50-40ee-a0c9-2522de138f27
title: Modelled fluvial flood hazard maps in Vietnam for the period 2070-2100 

description: This dataset contains fluvial flood maps of the present day 1 in 20 year return period, and corresponding flood extents for 3 SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway)/RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) scenarios for the future (2070-2100). Change in flood return periods are estimated using CMIP6 projections and subsequently used to extract flood maps from a global flood model.
description: This version of the global flood model develops that of Sampson et al (2015) by including an improved method to estimate channel conveyance (Neal et al., 2021) and an improved elevation dataset (Yamazaki et al., 2017).