DOI: 10.3886/icpsr22361.v2
title: NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development: Phase IV, 2005-2007 [United States]
title: SECCYD Phase IV, 2005-2007
title: Version 2

description: The overall purpose of this study was to examine the influence of
variations in early childcare histories on the psychological
development of infants and toddlers from a variety of family
backgrounds. This general objective was addressed through a
prospective, longitudinal study of the experiences of 1,364 children and
their families, which took into account the
complex interactions among child characteristics and those
of the human and physical environments in which
the children were reared.
Research Goals
The specific research aims were as follows:

Examining the relationship between infants' childcare
arrangements (defined in terms of hours, type, quality, and
stability of care and the age at which the child entered care)
and children's concurrent and long-term development.
Specifically, the study investigated the association between
children's experiences in childcare and their social, emotional,
language, and cognitive development. The social-emotional
assessments included measures of attachment, independence,
compliance, behavior problems, prosocial and antisocial behavior,
and general competence in interacting with peers. Cognitive variables
include general developmental level and problem solving skills. Language
assessments incorporated measures of children's expressive and receptive communicative competence.; 
Examining whether the social ecology of the home
moderates the effects of childcare, i.e., whether children
from different home environments are differentially affected by
similar childcare experiences. The study examined the
moderating effects of parents' values and attitudes,
psychological adjustment and mental health, stress and social
support, child-rearing practices, time use, interactions with the
child, the marital relationship, and family demographics.; 
Examining whether individual differences among children
moderate the effects of infant care on child development. The
study examined the moderating effects of such child
characteristics as age, sex, health, birth order, and
temperament.; 
Identify demographic and family characteristics
associated with families' childcare decisions. The study examined whether
specific childcare arrangements are related to
the parents' social class, marital status, psychological
adjustment and personality, child-rearing values and attitudes,
parenting practices, stress, social support, marital
relationship, and the availability of childcare in the community.; 
Provide a natural history of infant care in the
1990s, and help establish a baseline of data pertaining to the
kinds of care being used by families. Whereas other national
databases, such as those provided by the United States Census Bureau, provide
static estimates of the number of children in different types of
childcare, this network study supplements that knowledge
with longitudinal data on successive enrollments into day care at
various ages, patterns of arrangements used concurrently and over
time, and the stability of arrangements during the first three
years of life. One of the most valuable aspects of the
collaborative study is the opportunity it provides to obtain a
more complete and accurate picture of patterns of infant care
used by families today. Census surveys use only gross categories
of care (e.g., center vs. in-home). In this study, more fine-grained
information regarding the types of centers and home-care
facilities was gathered.; 
Examine the consequences for families of maternal
employment and childcare choices. Family relationships,
parental mental health, family stress, and so on, are not just
inputs to child development or moderators of childcare effects,
they are also outcomes. High-quality childcare may alleviate
family stress and enhance parental adjustment. Low-quality childcare may add to the stress parents experience. Although the main
focus in the study was on the effect of childcare on the child, the
study also examined the effect of childcare on the family.; 
Identify demographic characteristics of childcare
associated with childcare quality. Of interest to policy makers
is another aspect of the study, the investigation of those
regulatory characteristics that predict care of higher quality.
These characteristics included the level and type of caregiver
training, the size of the childcare group, the auspices of the
childcare program (public/private, profit/nonprofit,
independent/chain, employer-sponsored/church-based), whether the
facility was licensed or unlicensed, the level of payment and
fees, and whether the caregiver was a relative of the family.; 
Data File Organization
158 data files were compiled for this study and are organized into 4 main groups:

Analytical Data Sets (ADS)-- The raw data were examined and composites defined by small groups of individual principal investigators according to the demographic, family, childcare, and child outcome content of the data. The psychometric and distributional qualities of the variables along with site differences were examined. A set of variables that was psychometrically and distributionally acceptable to be used in analytic analyses was designed to test the study hypotheses. These data files comprise Parts 1-19 of the study data material.; 
Supplemental Data Sets -- New and revised analysis variables as well as across-time mean scores and primary composites were produced as supplements to the original Analytical Data Sets. These data files are Parts 20-26 of the study data material.; 
Raw Census-Related Data Sets -- Files were produced using geocoded addresses for survey respondents to match block group-level data from the 1990 and 2000 Censuses for investigators to create additional measures of interest from the geocoded addresses. These data files comprise Parts 27-30 of the study data material.; 
Raw Data Sets -- The raw data were made available and comprise Parts 31-158 of the study data material.; 
Included in this phase of the study are the output of several third-party software programs that were used during Phases II, III and IV to collect data for specific tasks or activities. These programs produced one output data file per subject, which were combined to produce some of the raw data files for those studies. The original program output is included as expanded documentation in this phase of the study.
Training Workshop
A three-day summer training workshop on the SECCYD was put on by NICHD at the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 2010. The binder from that workshop, which includes the Powerpoint slides used during presentations, are freely available to the public as part of the study documentation.
description: The principal purpose of Phase IV of the NICHD-SECCYD was to investigate how earlier functioning and experiences in concert with contextual and maturational factors in adolescence, influence social relationships, health, adjustment, and intellectual and academic development during middle adolescence.
description: The SECCYD is a multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study of the experiences of 1,364 children and their families (1,056 children and families were enrolled for Phase IV). Respondents were sampled from a catchment of some 6,189 children. Children's development was assessed via trained observers, interviewers, questionnaires, and direct testing. Measures were taken on many facets of children's development, such as social, emotional, intellectual, and language development, behavioral problems and adjustment, and physical health.
A wide range of adolescent outcomes and contextual features were assessed in one laboratory and one home visit at age 15. Additional information was collected from health and pubertal maturation examinations at ages 13.5, 14.5, and 15.5, from monitored physical activity at age 15, from analyses of middle school and high school transcripts, and from surveys of middle school and high school personnel.
description: The 19 Analytical Data Sets (ADS) contain composite variables, created from the raw data by Quantitative Systems Laboratory (QSL) at Vanderbilt University, to be psychometrically and distributionally acceptable for analytical analysis of the study hypotheses. The 7 Supplemental Data Sets were produced by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and contain new and revised analysis variables, across-time mean scores, and primary composites. The 4 Raw Census-Related Data Sets were produced using geocoded addresses for survey respondents to match block group-level data from the 2000 Census for investigators to create additional measures of interest from the geocoded addresses. The CENS2000 raw dataset contains 1,423 block group variables for 2,891 address records with end dates after December 31, 1995, for 1,159 study children.  The 128 Raw Data Sets contain the direct item-level data collected per instrument.
description: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of 
				disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major 
				statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to 
				these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
			   		Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes..
description: Presence of Common Scales: 
					 H.O.M.E Inventory Scoring;  Child-Parent Rel. Scale: Short Form;  Social Skills Rating System;  Child Behavior Checklist;  Woodcock-Johnson Cognitive and Achievement Test;  Hooked on Nicotine Checklist;
description: Response Rates: 
					During Phase I of the study (1991-1994), a cohort of 1,364 children and their families were recruited at 1 month of age and studied intensively through age 3. Phase IV of the study (2005-2007) followed a cohort of 1,056 enrolled children and families.
description: Datasets: 
					
						DS0: Study-Level Files
						DS1: ADS4-DEMOG7
						DS2: ADS4-HPAG7
						DS3: ADS4-SCHG7
						DS4: ADS4-HPAG8
						DS5: ADS4-SCHG8
						DS6: ADS4-DEMOX4
						DS7: ADS4-HPAX4
						DS8: ADS4-SCHX4
						DS9: ADS4-HPAG9
						DS10: ADS4-SCHG9
						DS11: ADS4-ASCHX5
						DS12: ADS4-COUTX5
						DS13: ADS4-DEMOX5
						DS14: ADS4-FAMX5
						DS15: ADS4-HPAX5
						DS16: ADS4-SCHX5
						DS17: ADS4-BMIHIST
						DS18: ADS4-RESHIST
						DS19: ADS4-SCHHIST
						DS20: SUPPL4-LNGPBRTY
						DS21: SUPPL4-BMIGRIDA
						DS22: SUPPL4-FPA07X5B
						DS23: SUPPL4-HOME06X5
						DS24: SUPPL4-REVPAMX5
						DS25: SUPPL4-RISKBEH
						DS26: SUPPL4-URBNRURL
						DS27: RCENSUS4-ACTV1MX5
						DS28: RCENSUS4-BLKGRPS
						DS29: RCENSUS4-CENS2000
						DS30: RCENSUS4-RESGRID
						DS31: RAW4-FG7FA
						DS32: RAW4-FPD01G7
						DS33: RAW4-FPD02G7
						DS34: RAW4-FPD03G7
						DS35: RAW4-FPD04G7
						DS36: RAW4-FPD05G7
						DS37: RAW4-FPD06G7
						DS38: RAW4-FPD08G7
						DS39: RAW4-FPD11G7
						DS40: RAW4-HH7F_A
						DS41: RAW4-JB7F_A
						DS42: RAW4-FPD01G8
						DS43: RAW4-FPD02G8
						DS44: RAW4-FPD03G8
						DS45: RAW4-FPD04G8
						DS46: RAW4-FPD05G8
						DS47: RAW4-FPD06G8
						DS48: RAW4-FPD08G8
						DS49: RAW4-FPD11G8
						DS50: RAW4-FSV01G8
						DS51: RAW4-FSV02G8
						DS52: RAW4-FX4A
						DS53: RAW4-HHX4_A
						DS54: RAW4-FPD01G9
						DS55: RAW4-FPD02G9
						DS56: RAW4-FPD03G9
						DS57: RAW4-FPD04G9
						DS58: RAW4-FPD05G9
						DS59: RAW4-FPD06G9
						DS60: RAW4-FPD08G9
						DS61: RAW4-FPD11G9
						DS62: RAW4-FSV01X5
						DS63: RAW4-FSV02X5A
						DS64: RAW4-FHV01X5
						DS65: RAW4-FHV02X5
						DS66: RAW4-FHV03X5
						DS67: RAW4-FHV04X5
						DS68: RAW4-FHV05X5
						DS69: RAW4-FHV06X5
						DS70: RAW4-FHV07X5
						DS71: RAW4-FHV08X5
						DS72: RAW4-FHV09X5
						DS73: RAW4-FHV10X5
						DS74: RAW4-FHV11X5
						DS75: RAW4-FHV12X5
						DS76: RAW4-FHV13X5
						DS77: RAW4-FHV14X5
						DS78: RAW4-FHV15X5
						DS79: RAW4-FHV16X5
						DS80: RAW4-FHV17X5
						DS81: RAW4-FHV18X5
						DS82: RAW4-FHV19X5
						DS83: RAW4-FHV20X5
						DS84: RAW4-FHV21X5
						DS85: RAW4-FHV22X5
						DS86: RAW4-FHV23X5
						DS87: RAW4-FHV24X5
						DS88: RAW4-FHV25X5
						DS89: RAW4-FHV26X5
						DS90: RAW4-FHV27X5
						DS91: RAW4-FHV28X5
						DS92: RAW4-FHV29X5A
						DS93: RAW4-FHV30X5
						DS94: RAW4-FHV31X5
						DS95: RAW4-FHV32X5A
						DS96: RAW4-FHV33X5
						DS97: RAW4-FHV34X5
						DS98: RAW4-FHV35X5
						DS99: RAW4-FHV36X5
						DS100: RAW4-FHV37X5
						DS101: RAW4-FHV38X5
						DS102: RAW4-FHV39X5
						DS103: RAW4-FHV40X5
						DS104: RAW4-FHV41X5
						DS105: RAW4-FHV42X5A
						DS106: RAW4-FHV43X5A
						DS107: RAW4-FHV44X5
						DS108: RAW4-FHV45X5A
						DS109: RAW4-FHV46X5A
						DS110: RAW4-FHV47X5M
						DS111: RAW4-FHV47X5S
						DS112: RAW4-FHV48X5B
						DS113: RAW4-FHV50X5
						DS114: RAW4-FHV51X5A
						DS115: RAW4-FLV01X5
						DS116: RAW4-FLV02X5
						DS117: RAW4-FLV03X5
						DS118: RAW4-FLV04X5
						DS119: RAW4-FLV05X5
						DS120: RAW4-FLV06X5
						DS121: RAW4-FLV07X5
						DS122: RAW4-FLV08X5A
						DS123: RAW4-FLV09X5A
						DS124: RAW4-FLV10X5
						DS125: RAW4-FLV11X5
						DS126: RAW4-FLV12X5
						DS127: RAW4-FLV13X5
						DS128: RAW4-FLV14X5A
						DS129: RAW4-FLV16X5
						DS130: RAW4-FLV17X5
						DS131: RAW4-FLV18X5
						DS132: RAW4-FLV19X5
						DS133: RAW4-FLV20X5
						DS134: RAW4-FLV21X5
						DS135: RAW4-FLV22X5
						DS136: RAW4-FLV26X5
						DS137: RAW4-FLV28X5A
						DS138: RAW4-FLV29X5A
						DS139: RAW4-FLV30X5A
						DS140: RAW4-FLV31X5A
						DS141: RAW4-FLV32X5A
						DS142: RAW4-FLV33X5
						DS143: RAW4-FPA01X5
						DS144: RAW4-FPA06X5
						DS145: RAW4-FPA07X5A
						DS146: RAW4-FPD01X5
						DS147: RAW4-FPD02X5
						DS148: RAW4-FPD03X5
						DS149: RAW4-FPD04X5
						DS150: RAW4-FPD05X5
						DS151: RAW4-FPD06X5
						DS152: RAW4-FPD08X5
						DS153: RAW4-FX5A
						DS154: RAW4-HHX5_A
						DS155: RAW4-BMIGRID
						DS156: RAW4-NCES9606
						DS157: RAW4-SCKFX5_A
						DS158: RAW4-PH4RECRT
description: NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) Series
description: computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI)
description: computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI)
description: coded on-site observation
description: cognitive assessment test
description: face-to-face interview
description: mail questionnaire
description: self-enumerated questionnaire
description: on-site questionnaire
description: telephone interview
description: Full-term, healthy newborns of mothers giving birth in hospitals at 10 locations throughout the United States during designated 24-hour periods between January and November 1991.
description: Participants were selected in accordance with a conditionally random sampling plan, which was designed to ensure that the recruited families (a) included mothers who planned to work or to go to school full-time (60 percent) or part-time (20 percent) in the child's first year, as well as some who planned to stay at home with the child (20 percent), and (b) reflected the demographic diversity (economic, educational, and ethnic) of the sites. Both two-parent and single-parent families were included. The major exclusionary criteria used were (a) mothers younger than 18 years of age at the time of the child's birth, (b) families who did not anticipate remaining in the catchment area for at least 3 years, (c) children with obvious disabilities at birth or who remained in the hospital more than 7 days postpartum, and (d) mothers not sufficiently conversant in English. Analyses have indicated that the data do reflect the natural distributions of these factors in the catchment. Therefore, inferences from this data can be made directly to the catchment without back-weighting for the sampling factors. In addition, analyses have shown that the NICHD data reflect to large degree the natural distributions of certain factors measured in the 1990 Census data. However, the NICHD data are not representative in the statistical sense, and therefore inference to the nation as a whole is not possible. Comparisons to other databases, national or otherwise, should be made with extreme caution.