cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79492
title: Gravesite by a palm tree, Tanna, ca.1890

description: “Tanna - The graves of Mrs. Paton (died 3rd March) and her infant son (died 20th March 1859). In his Autobiography (page 130) her husband, Rev John G. Paton writes:- ‘Stunned by that dreadful loss, my reason seemed for a time almost to give way. But I was never altogether forsaken. The ever-merciful Lord sustained me to lay the precious dust of my beloved ones, in the same quiet grave, dug for them close by my house; in all which last offices my own hands, despite breaking heart, had to take the principal share. I built the grave round and round with coral blocks, and covered the top with white coral, broken small as gravel; and that spot because my sacred and much-frequented shrine, during all the months and years when I laboured on for the salvation of these savage islanders amidst difficulties, and dangers and deaths. Whensoever Tanna turns to the Lord, and is won for Christ, men in after-days will find the memory of that spot still green, when with ceaseless prayers and tears I claimed that land for God in which I had buried my dead in faith and hope. But for the fellowship Jesus Christ vouchsafed me there, I must have gone mad and died beside that lonely grave.’”  Exterior view of a small palm tree in front of two white mounds which may mark the graves of John Gibson Paton’s wife and son. Paton worked for over three years on Tanna. In May 1861 a Canadian missionary, George N. Gordon, and his wife, on the neighbouring island of Erromango, were murdered; and the Tannese, encouraged by the example, redoubled their attacks on Paton, who fled from Tanna to New South Wales.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79661
title: First Ordinations, Kikuyu, Kenya, March 1926

description: First Ordinations at Kikuyu and Tumutumu. At Kikuyu, 7th march 1926 at Tumutumu, 14th March 1926. [listed] Simeon. Joshua.Paulo.Benjamin. Joshua. Jeremia. Musa. Rev Dr Arthur. Rev Mr Orr (moderator of Presbytery of Kenya) Rev Mr Calderwood. Solomon." Group portrait of newly ordained ministers from both Kikuyu and Tumutumu. Pictured with them is Reverend Dr Arthur, appointed medical missionary to Kikuyu in 1915. Also pictured is Reverend Mr Robert George Calderwood, who was ordained to the Kenya mission at Tumutumu in February 1922.The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79428
title: Erection of Shenyang Church, China, 1889

description: “Scaffolding during erection of new Church at Moukden [Shenyang]”. Exterior view of bamboo scaffolding surrounding the construction of a mission Church at Shenyang [Moukden], the ancient capital of Manchuria. This is probably the original Dongguan Church. Workers stand at the top of the construction. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been expanded by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album relating to the Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80198
title: New Church of Ngumbe District, Malawi, ca.1926

description: “A district church, Ngumbe. New church, finished 1926, made of brick, whole cost borne by Native Congregation.” Exterior view of a district church, constructed with brick walls and a thatched roof.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79566
title: Bananas growing, Anatom, ca. 1890

description: “Bananas – Aneityum [Anatom]. Native teacher.” Portrait of a local Christian teacher beside bananas hanging from a tree.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79562
title: Synod meeting, Vanuatu, 1891

description: “Members of Mission Synod, 1891.”, “[Back row L to R] 1. Lawrie, 2. Mrs. McDonald, 3. McDonald (Ion), 4. Gillow (Malekula), 5. Mrs. Amand, 6. Amand (Santa), 7. Smail (Epi), 8. Gray, 9. Morton (Malekula), 10. Mrs. Gunn, 11. S. Gunn (Futuna) 12. Fraser (Epi) [Middle row L to R]13. Mrs. Lawrie, 14. Mrs. Watt, 15. Watt (Tanna), 16. Mrs. Leggett, 17. Legget (Malekula), 18. Mrs. McKenzie, 19. McKenzie (Efatu), 20. Mrs. Gray, 21. Mrs. Fraser, [Front row L to R] 22. Gray (Tamma), 23. Mrs. Morton, 24. Mrs. Smail, 25. Mrs Gillow, 26. Mrs. Landles, 27. Landles (Malo), 28. Bell Frazer daughter of first Mrs. Fraser (Miss Mellis).” Group portrait of missionaries and their wives who attended the Mission Synod in the New Hebrides, 1891
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79714
title: Apprentice Carpenters, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "Mr. Tait has about 20 lads apprenticed to learn Mason work and carpentry, and very good workmen they make. These lads are all school boarders, and apprenticed for a period of three years. Contrast the early photos of the young men, and the lazy licentious life with these workmanlike young chaps who not only are learning to be useful workmen, but who are learning self-control, pure young men, through the power of a new and higher life." Exterior view showing young apprentices being trained. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79568
title: Missionary’s son with nurse, Anatom, 1892

description: “James L. Lawrie and nurse, ‘Katenea’ - Aneityum, 1892.” Portrait of James Hay, and Margaret, Lawrie's son standing by his nurse. She is wearing a striped tunic and skirt and is holding the boy’s hand. Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum, New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. They had four children. Margaret died in 1922 and her husband in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79662
title: First Ordinations, Kikuyu, Kenya, March 1926

description: First Ordinations at Tumutumu, 14th March 1926. [pictured left to right] Rev Jeremia, Rev Joshua, Rev Simeon, Rev Solomon, Rev Mr Calderwood, Rev Paulo." Group portrait of 5 newly ordained ministers at the site of Tumutumu. Pictured with them is Reverend Mr Robert George Calderwood, who was ordained to the Kenya mission at Tumutumu in February 1922. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79682
title: Kikuyu Warrior, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "This shows you the other form of head-gear. It is not long hair as you might think, but long wisps of grass curled together, and again attached to the little curls of the head. He makes a central plait in front, and one on each side of the forehead, the rest hanging gracefully down his back. Adorning himself further with bead collar long necklaces of beads hanging from the neck, brass rings on the upper arms and anklets made from colobus monkey skin. He finishes the whole by liberally besmearing body, ornaments, and hair with a red oily paint manufactured from red ochre, and mutton fat. He undoubtedly looks splendid, and so too he thinks. He parades himself with companions similarly bedecked through the villages and attends the evil and immoral dances at night. Such is the life of lazy licentiousness and evil that the young men live." Portrait of a young male warrior, showing tribal piercings and decoration. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80209
title: Builders at work: Kacheri Church, Malawi, ca.1926

description: “The Brick Church in course of construction. Native builders at work.” Distant view of construction work at the site of a new brick church. Workers stand on wooden scaffolding that surrounds the walls, which are partially completed. A pile of long timbers sits in the foreground. Blantyre, Nyasaland [Malawi] was an industrial mission which developed skills such as carpentry, and bricks were necessary to construct the many mission buildings, including the renowned St Michael and All Angels church, designed by Rev. David Clement Ruffell Scott (1853-1907).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80200
title: Small district church, Limbe, Malawi, ca.1926

description: “Small district church. Entire cost borne by native congregation. Constructed of brick with thatched roof.” Exterior view of district church, Limbe, Nyasaland [Malawi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80300
title: Agricultural land, Livingstonia, Malawi, ca.1903

description: “Garden at the Institution.” Landscape view of cultivated land and buildings in the background. ❧ Livingstonia mission station was established in 1891 by Dr Robert Laws (1851-1934) when he travelled north from Bandawe to set up a Training Institution and Industrial Mission. It was situated four miles from Lake Nyasa at Khondowe. As well as the school, hospital and accommodation, there were workshops for carpentry, printing and engineering, and mills, brickworks and a pottery. The Overtoun Institution was named after John Campbell White, Baron of Overtoun (1843-1908) who was a Convener of the Livingstonia Mission and a major financial contributor. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79672
title: Ladies House, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: “Coming up the path from the Hospital you pass no the left hand side the girls dormitory and on the other side of the road the Ladies House where the nurse and Miss Stevenson live.” Exterior view of a stone built bungalow with cultivated grounds at the front. Two indigenous boys stand on the buildings porch. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79557
title: Missionary’s wife on horseback, Anatom, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “At the River Side - Aneityum [Anatom]. Mrs. Lawrie on the only horse on the island.” Photograph of Margaret Lawrie, wife of James Hay, riding side-saddle and approaching two indigenous men seated on the bank of the river. J. H. Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum, New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. They had four children. Margaret died in 1922 and her husband in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79679
title: Kikuyu boy, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "This is a photo of a lad of about 16 years of age; he is wearing the long skin garment of a women, as he has just passed through certain ceremonies which have made him in the eyes of the tribe a man. Notice too the bow and arrow, the clean shaven head, the little dead birds stuck in his ears, and a couple of ostrich feathers over his head, all insignia of this period of his life." Portrait of a young indigenous boy wearing tribal dress. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79659
title: First Ordinations, Kikuyu, Kenya, March 1926

description: First Ordinations at Kikuyu, 7th March 1926. [pictured] Rev Joshua Matenjura, Rev Musa Gitau, Rev Benjamin Githieya." Group portrait of three newly ordained indigenous ministers. Pictured with them is Reverend Dr Arthur, appointed medical missionary to Kikuyu in 1915. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79551
title: Missionary’s house, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Mission House - Anelcahaut [Anelcauhat], Aneityum [Anatom] (Mr. Lawrie’s House).” Exterior view of a modern-style clapboard house with a metal sheet roof and veranda, surrounded by palm trees and a wooden fence. James Hay Lawrie, his wife Margaret, and their child are just visible next to the gate. Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum, New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. They had four children. Margaret died in 1922 and her husband in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79545
title: Synod meeting, Vanuatu, 1890

description: “Mission Synod, New Hebrides, 1890.” Group portrait of missionaries and their wives who attended the Mission Synod, New Hebrides [Vanuatu].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79694
title: Three Old Women, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "The women in that land are the beasts of burden; the father sells his daughter for a sum of 50 to 60 sheep, and there-after she becomes the property of her husband. Her work is to weed and cultivate her garden, sew, plant, and harvest it, to go to the forest to cut firewood, bringing back a load weighing anything from ten to fourteen stone, to help to make her husband, and the other old men, to make his pots and to cook his food, and that of the other members of the family. Her life is a hard one, and not relieved by much In the way of pleasure. No wonder then she soon becomes an old woman, one of many wives, without much joy in the present, and no hope for the future." Group portrait of three older, indigenous women, wearing many beaded necklaces as part of the tribal dress. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80070
title: Young man with a bow and arrows, Malawi, ca.1910

description: "Boy with bow and arrow." Portrait of a young man facing to the right of the image holding a bow and arrows in his right hand. He is wearing a loin cloth and necklace. He is standing in grassland, with hills and trees in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79707
title: Small Schoolboy, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "He is given a galatea striped shirt, and a pair of khaki trousers which he washes twice a week, and himself daily. He soon settles down, and becomes a regular old hand. About 300 pairs of khaki trousers are required, and grateful are the thanks poured out on the busy fingers of guild workers and other lady friends who so kindly help to sew them. New recruits for this work are always welcomed, and particulars as to size and kind of work can be procured at 22, Queen St. Edinburgh." Portrait of a young school boy, wearing school uniform. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80060
title: Flea removal, Malawi, ca.1910

description: "Picking out a "jigger"". Exterior view of a girl seated with her legs across another girls lap. The second girl is using a pin to remove a jigger, sand-flea, from the toe of the first girl. The sand-flea, or Sarcopsylla penetrans, arrived in Africa in 1872 on the British ship Thomas Mitchell, in a cargo of ballast from Rio de Janeiro; by 1898 it had spread the width of the continent. They cause intense pain and irritation as the females burrow into the skin of mammals to lay eggs, in humans this is usually exposed areas such as the feet and hands.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79547
title: Women and children doing laundry, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Washing Day - ‘Nepia’ the grandmother standing with the child, was one of the first teachers’ wives who went to live on Efaté [Éfaté] when that island was wholly heathen.” Group portrait of Christian women and children both standing and seated on a grassed area with five large metal washing basins. A man stands in the distance.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79554
title: Man and woman visiting graves, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Deacon ‘Neduonipied’ and his wife ‘Womath’ at the graves of their children. They have lost all their children, eight in number. Croton plants in the background.” Exterior view showing a man and his wife (with a horse behind them) by the graves of their children, surrounded by vegetation. Croton is a tree or shrub native to Southeast Asia. Croton oil, used in herbal medicine as a violent purgative, is extracted from its seeds. In Scots language, the title deacon is also used for a head-workman, a master or chairman of a trade guild, or one who is adept, expert and proficient.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79703
title: Old School Group, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "In the old days boys could only be for to School by getting them for work and paying them therefor. They got some schooling, while the rest of the day was spent in farm work. At night they went to the villages, and there imbibed the evil talk of that village life. At the end of three months they were paid for the work done, and they returned to their homes, many of them 90 miles away, and never to return. Those who did not come back after three or six months holiday had forgotten all they had ever learned. This was very insatisfactory, and little headway was being made. In April 1907 the School under the old regime was disbanded, and this photo was taken on that day, a memorable one in our Mission history. ❧ For the next six months or a year, It was a hard uphill fight, boys coming, and running away again, but bit by bit discipline began to have it’s way, and in June 1910, we reached for the first time an average attendance of 100 for a week." Group portrait of school children. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79678
title: Kikuyu Village, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "I want to take you to one of the Kikuyu villages to show you something of the types of life you might see there. This is a typical Kikuyu village with it's circular huts thatched with grass the smaller huts are grain stores, while the sheep and goats of which they have large herds, constitute the wealth of the Kikuyu people." Exterior view of the thatched huts that made up the village of Kikuyu and livestock in the foreground. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79684
title: Young Kikuyu Woman, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "When she gets a little older the wood ear-rings are replaced by circles of wire sewn with beads, and numbering about 60 in each ear. She wears collars of iron round her neck, with long chains hanging down from them, and in addition, great masses of bead necklaces. She wears brass, iron, or copper wire circled round her forearms & legs, & she too is liberally besmeared with oily red paint, this time made from ochre and castor oil, which grows so freely in that land. Her life is a busy one, she too attends these dances, which demoralise and lower her. " Portrait of a young indigenous woman, wearing many beaded necklaces as part of the tribal dress. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79660
title: First Ordinations, Kikuyu, Kenya, March 1926

description: First Ordinations at Kikuyu. 7th March 1926. [pictured from left to right] Rev Musa, Rev Joshua, Rev Dr Arthur, Rev Benjamin." Group portrait of three newly ordained indigenous ministers. Pictured with them is Reverend Dr Arthur, appointed medical missionary to Kikuyu in 1915.He was greatly involved in the building of the first hospital and the development of the first boarding-school there. In 1911 Dr Arthur succeeded Rev Dr Henry Scott as head of mission until 1938. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.