cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.147309.v1/t6
title: "Table 2" of "Search for the decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalar bosons in the final state with four bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV"

description: Example description
description: A search is presented for the decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson (H) to a pair of new light pseudoscalar bosons (a), followed by the prompt decay of each a boson to a bottom quark-antiquark pair, $\textrm{H} \rightarrow$ aa $\rightarrow$ bbbb. The analysis is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 $\textrm{fb}^{-1}$. To reduce the background from standard model processes, the search requires the Higgs boson to be produced in association with a leptonically decaying W or Z boson. The analysis probes the production of new light bosons in a $15 &lt; \textrm{m}_{a} &lt; 60$ GeV mass range. Assuming the standard model predictions for the Higgs boson production cross sections for pp $\rightarrow$ WH and ZH, model independent upper limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(\textrm{H} \rightarrow$ aa $\rightarrow$ bbbb). The combined WH and ZH observed upper limit on the branching fraction ranges from 1.10 for $\textrm{m}_{a} = 20$ GeV to 0.36 for $\textrm{m}_{a} = 60$ GeV, complementing other measurements in the $\mu\mu\tau\tau$, $\tau\tau\tau\tau$ and bb$\ell\ell$ ($\ell=\mu, \tau$) channels.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149510.v1/t1
title: "bin250_450_doubleBtagged postfit" of "Study of high-momentum Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson in the $qqbb$ final state with the ATLAS detector"

description: Higgs candidate jet mass distributions in the signal region for $p_{T,J}^H$ in [250,450) GeV obtained after the inclusive fit with a single Z+jets normalization factor and a single signal strength.
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149510.v1/t2
title: "bin450_650_doubleBtagged postfit" of "Study of high-momentum Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson in the $qqbb$ final state with the ATLAS detector"

description: Higgs candidate jet mass distributions in the signal region for $p_{T,J}^H$ in [450,650) GeV obtained after the inclusive fit with a single Z+jets normalization factor and a single signal strength.
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149510.v1/t3
title: "bin650_doubleBtagged postfit" of "Study of high-momentum Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson in the $qqbb$ final state with the ATLAS detector"

description: Higgs candidate jet mass distributions in the signal region for $p_{T,J}^H \geq 650$ GeV obtained after the inclusive fit with a single Z+jets normalization factor and a single signal strength.
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149528.v1/t1
title: "Table 1" of "Measurement of the $B^{\pm}$ production cross-section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 13 TeV"

description: Measured B$^\pm$ double-differential cross-section (in units of nb) at 7 TeV, as a function of $p_T$ and $y$.
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149528.v1/t2
title: "Table 2" of "Measurement of the $B^{\pm}$ production cross-section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 13 TeV"

description: Measured B$^\pm$ double-differential cross-section (in units of nb) at 13 TeV, as a function of $p_T$ and $y$.
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.146693.v1/t278
title: "MM, $p_{T}^{t\bar{t}}$, parton, SR-3L-tZq" of "Inclusive and differential cross-section measurements of $t\bar{t}Z$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector, including EFT and spin-correlation interpretations"

description: Migration matrix for $p_{T}^{t\bar{t}}$ variable at parton-level in region SR-3L-tZq.
description: Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of $t\bar{t}Z$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, including EFT and spin correlations interpretations

The fiducial regions for the dilepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 2 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 30, 15 GeV for leading and subleading lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the two lepton charges is required to be zero.
- Exactly one opposite-sign-same-flavour (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;10$ GeV).
- Three orthogonal signal regions defined based on the jet and $b$-jet multiplicity.
- At least 5 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- $b$-jets requirements: at least one $b$-jet tagged with fixed 77% $b$-tagging working point.

The fiducial regions for the trilepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 3 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 27, 20, 15 GeV for leading, subleading and third lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the three lepton charges is required to be $\pm$1.
- At least one opposite-sign-same-flavour (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;10$ GeV) and $m_{OSSF}&gt;10$ GeV for each OSSF lepton pair.
- Three orthogonal signal regions combined for both inclusive and differential cross section measurements.
- At least 3 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- $b$-jets requirements: at least one $b$-jet tagged with fixed 85% $b$-tagging working point.
- Signal regions definitions based on the values of the deep neural network discriminants and $b$-jets requirements.

The fiducial regions for the tetralepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 4 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 27, 7, 7, 7 GeV for leading, subleading, third and fourth lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the four lepton charges is required to be zero.
- At least one opposite-sign-same-flavor (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;20$ GeV) and $m_{OSSF}&gt;10$ GeV for each OSSF lepton pair.
- Four signal regions separated based on based on the flavour composition of the non-$Z$ lepton pair (same flavour, different flavour) and value of the deep neural network discriminant.
- At least 2 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- At least one $b$-jet tagged with the 85% $b$-tagging working point.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.146693.v1/t288
title: "MM, $p_{\text{T}}^{\ell, non-Z}$, parton, SR-3L-WZ" of "Inclusive and differential cross-section measurements of $t\bar{t}Z$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector, including EFT and spin-correlation interpretations"

description: Migration matrix for $p_{\text{T}}^{\ell, non-Z}$ variable at parton-level in region SR-3L-WZ.
description: Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of $t\bar{t}Z$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, including EFT and spin correlations interpretations

The fiducial regions for the dilepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 2 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 30, 15 GeV for leading and subleading lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the two lepton charges is required to be zero.
- Exactly one opposite-sign-same-flavour (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;10$ GeV).
- Three orthogonal signal regions defined based on the jet and $b$-jet multiplicity.
- At least 5 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- $b$-jets requirements: at least one $b$-jet tagged with fixed 77% $b$-tagging working point.

The fiducial regions for the trilepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 3 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 27, 20, 15 GeV for leading, subleading and third lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the three lepton charges is required to be $\pm$1.
- At least one opposite-sign-same-flavour (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;10$ GeV) and $m_{OSSF}&gt;10$ GeV for each OSSF lepton pair.
- Three orthogonal signal regions combined for both inclusive and differential cross section measurements.
- At least 3 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- $b$-jets requirements: at least one $b$-jet tagged with fixed 85% $b$-tagging working point.
- Signal regions definitions based on the values of the deep neural network discriminants and $b$-jets requirements.

The fiducial regions for the tetralepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 4 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 27, 7, 7, 7 GeV for leading, subleading, third and fourth lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the four lepton charges is required to be zero.
- At least one opposite-sign-same-flavor (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;20$ GeV) and $m_{OSSF}&gt;10$ GeV for each OSSF lepton pair.
- Four signal regions separated based on based on the flavour composition of the non-$Z$ lepton pair (same flavour, different flavour) and value of the deep neural network discriminant.
- At least 2 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- At least one $b$-jet tagged with the 85% $b$-tagging working point.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149528.v1/t3
title: "Table 3" of "Measurement of the $B^{\pm}$ production cross-section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 13 TeV"

description: Measured B$^\pm$ differential cross-sections (in units of nb) at 7 TeV and 13 TeV as functions of $p_T$ in the range $2.0
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149528.v1/t4
title: "Table 4" of "Measurement of the $B^{\pm}$ production cross-section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 13 TeV"

description: Measured B$^\pm$ differential cross-sections (in units of $\mu$b) at 7 TeV and 13 TeV as functions of $y$ in the $p_T$ range $0
description: No data abstract available.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t1
title: "Table 1-a" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: Summary of the measured ratios of $\Psi$(2S)/$\Psi$(1S) mesons.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t2
title: "Table 1-b" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: Summary of the measured ratios of $\Psi$(2S)/$\Psi$(1S) mesons.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.146693.v1/t294
title: "MM, $|y^{Z}$|, particle, CR-4L-ZZ" of "Inclusive and differential cross-section measurements of $t\bar{t}Z$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector, including EFT and spin-correlation interpretations"

description: Migration matrix for $|y^{Z}$| variable at particle-level in region CR-4L-ZZ.
description: Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of $t\bar{t}Z$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, including EFT and spin correlations interpretations

The fiducial regions for the dilepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 2 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 30, 15 GeV for leading and subleading lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the two lepton charges is required to be zero.
- Exactly one opposite-sign-same-flavour (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;10$ GeV).
- Three orthogonal signal regions defined based on the jet and $b$-jet multiplicity.
- At least 5 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- $b$-jets requirements: at least one $b$-jet tagged with fixed 77% $b$-tagging working point.

The fiducial regions for the trilepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 3 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 27, 20, 15 GeV for leading, subleading and third lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the three lepton charges is required to be $\pm$1.
- At least one opposite-sign-same-flavour (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;10$ GeV) and $m_{OSSF}&gt;10$ GeV for each OSSF lepton pair.
- Three orthogonal signal regions combined for both inclusive and differential cross section measurements.
- At least 3 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- $b$-jets requirements: at least one $b$-jet tagged with fixed 85% $b$-tagging working point.
- Signal regions definitions based on the values of the deep neural network discriminants and $b$-jets requirements.

The fiducial regions for the tetralepton channel are defined as:
- Exactly 4 leptons ($e$ or $\mu$) with transverse momentum greater than 27, 7, 7, 7 GeV for leading, subleading, third and fourth lepton, respectively.
- The sum of the four lepton charges is required to be zero.
- At least one opposite-sign-same-flavor (OSSF) lepton pair (considered to be lepton pair from $Z$ boson) with invaraint mass compatible with $Z$ boson ($|m_{\ell\ell}^{Z}-m_{Z}|&lt;20$ GeV) and $m_{OSSF}&gt;10$ GeV for each OSSF lepton pair.
- Four signal regions separated based on based on the flavour composition of the non-$Z$ lepton pair (same flavour, different flavour) and value of the deep neural network discriminant.
- At least 2 jets with transverse momentum greater than 25 GeV.
- At least one $b$-jet tagged with the 85% $b$-tagging working point.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t3
title: "Table 1-c" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: Summary of the measured ratios of $\Psi$(2S)/$\Psi$(1S) mesons.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t4
title: "Figure 3" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: The ratio of $\psi(2S)$ to $J/\psi(1S)$ cross sections, as measured in the dimuon decay channel in pp collisions at 200 GeV over the rapidity interval $1.2&lt;|y|&lt;2.2$, as a function of transverse momentum $p_{T}$.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t5
title: "Figure 4" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: The double ratios $[\sigma_{\psi(2S)}/\sigma_{\psi(1S)}]_{pA}/[\sigma_{\psi(2S)}/\sigma_{\psi(1S)}]_{pp}$. The global systematic uncertainty is $\pm 14\%$.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t6
title: "Figure 5-a" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: The charged-particle multiplicity $dN_{ch}/d\eta$ determined from AMPT simulations and the nuclear overlap $S_T$ from Glauber simulations for the data shown in Fig. 5. Here we assume $dN/d\eta$ = $\frac{3}{2}dN_{ch}/d\eta$.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.149529.v1/t7
title: "Figure 5-b" of "Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: The charged-particle multiplicity $dN_{ch}/d\eta$ determined from AMPT simulations and the nuclear overlap $S_T$ from Glauber simulations for the data shown in Fig. 5. Here we assume $dN/d\eta$ = $\frac{3}{2}dN_{ch}/d\eta$.
description: BNL_RHIC. The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\Psi$(2S) to $\Psi$(1S) mesons produced in $p$ + $p$ --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Al --&gt; CHARGED X, $p$ + Au --&gt; CHARGED X, 3He + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals 1.2 &lt; |y| &lt; 2.2. We find that the ratio in $p$ + $p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or ${}^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\Psi$(2S) mesons to $\Psi$(1S) mesons is consistent with the value measured in $p$ + $p$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\Psi$(2S) meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of ~2. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $\Psi$(2S) meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.