DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mw6m90640
title: Drosophila melanogaster wounding in the wild

description: Wounding occurs across multicellular organisms. Wounds can affect host
 mobility and reproduction, with ecological consequences for competitive
 interactions and predator-prey dynamics. Wounds are also entry points for
 pathogens. An immune response is activated upon injury, resulting in the
 deposition of the brown-black pigment melanin in insects. Despite the
 abundance of immunity studies in the lab and the potential ecological and
 evolutionary implications of wounding, the prevalence of wounding in
 wild-collected insects is rarely systematically explored. We investigated
 the prevalence and potential causes of wounds in wild-collected
 Drosophilidae flies. We found that 31% of Drosophila melanogaster were
 wounded or damaged. The abdomen was the most frequently wounded body part,
 and females were more likely to have melanised patches on the ventral
 abdomen, compared to males. Encapsulated parasitoid egg frequency was
 approximately ten percent, and just under one percent of Drosophilidae
 species had attached mites, which also caused wounds. Wounding is
 prevalent in D. melanogaster, likely exerting selection pressure on host
 immunity for two reasons: on a rapid and efficient wound repair, and on
 responding efficiently to opportunistic infections. Wounding is thus
 expected to be an important driver of immune system evolution and to
 affect individual fitness and population dynamics.
description: The data were obtained from wild-collected flies. Collections
 were made in three collection periods, from three sites in Berlin and
 Brandenburg, Germany. For full details see the methods described in
 Subasi, Grabe, Kaltenpoth, Rolff & Armitage. How frequently are
 insects wounded in the wild? A case study using <em>Drosophila
 melanogaster.</em>
description: # Title of Dataset # Drosophila melanogaster wounding in the wild
 The dataset consists of
 two data files, one containing information on wounding on individual
 wild-collected Drosophila melanogaster adult flies, the other file
 contains information on mites that were found on individual wild-collected
 Drosophilidae flies. ## Description of the data and file structure Note
 that in the csv files and names, the following abbreviations are used:
 Combined damage HTLA : Combined damage found on the head, thorax, legs and
 abdomen **1. File List:** damage.R The R code required to process the data
 in the csv files and produce the data figures for the study
 damage_data.csv Wounding found on individual wild-collected flies mite.csv
 Mite infestations on individual wild-collected flies mites_prob.csv Number
 of mite infestation on wild-collected flies across sex, season and sites
 **2. Relationship between files**, if important: The data that is
 presented in the two csv files was collected from the same wild fly
 collections. These collections were carried out in 2021, across three
 seasons and three sites in Berlin and Brandenburg. **3. Are there multiple
 versions of the dataset?** no ### **METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION** **1.
 Description of methods used for collection/generation of data**: The fly
 and data collection was carried out in the methods described in How
 frequently are insects wounded in the wild? A case study using Drosophila
 melanogaster. **2. Methods for processing the data**: This information is
 given in the accompanying .R script. **3. Instrument- or software-specific
 information needed to interpret the data**: No specific software is needed
 to interpret the data. **4. Describe any quality-assurance procedures
 performed on the data**: At data entry, the data was double-checked for
 accuracy. ### **DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: damage\_data.csv** **1.
 Number of variables**: 27 **2. Number of cases/rows**: 1246 **3. Variable
 List**: Each row contains data for an individual fly and indicates the
 presence or absence of various types of wounding or damage site Location
 of the fly collection season Time of the fly collection. 1 = Early summer
 (24th June-21st July), 2 = Late summer (24th August-6th September), 3 =
 Autumn (4th-8th October). sample_id Identification number of the fly sex
 Sex of the fly. f = Female, m = Male. species Species of the fly. dmel =
 Drosophila melanogaster, dsim = Drosophila simulans. head_dmg Whether the
 fly had head damage or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no. missing_leg Whether the fly
 had leg damage or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no. black_spots_on_legs Whether the
 fly had melanized black spots on the legs or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 total_leg_dmg Whether the fly had any damage and/or melanized spots on the
 legs or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no. thorax_black_spots Whether the fly had
 melanized black spots on the thorax or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 ventral_abdomen_black_spots Whether the fly had melanized black spots on
 the ventral abdomen or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no. dorsal_abdomen_black_spots
 Whether the fly had melanized black spots on the dorsal abdomen or not. 1
 = yes, 0 = no. total_abdomen_black_spots Whether the fly had melanized
 black spots on the ventral and/or dorsal abdomen or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 all_dmg_presence_absence_no_parasitoid Whether the fly had any type of
 damage/wound or not. Absence or presence of parasitoid not included. 1 =
 yes, 0 = no. all_dmg_sum_no_parasitoid Total number of damage/wound had
 found on the fly. Absence or presence of parasitoid not included.
 notches_on_veins_total Whether the fly had notches in an area with veins
 on either the left or/and right side of the wing or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 notches_not_on_veins_total Whether the fly had notches in an area without
 veins on either the left or/and right side of the wing or not. 1 = yes, 0
 = no. area_on_veins_total Whether the fly had area in an area with veins
 on either the left or/and right side of the wing or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 area_not_on_veins_total Whether the fly had area in an area without veins
 on either the left or/and right side of the wing or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 tear_on_veins_total Whether the fly had tear in an area with veins on
 either the left or/and right side of the wing or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 tear_not_on_veins_total Whether the fly had tear in an area without veins
 on either the left or/and right side of the wing or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 wing_dmg_on_veins Whether the fly had any wing damage an area with veins
 or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no. wing_dmg_not_on_veins Whether the fly had any
 wing damage an area without veins or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no. wing_dmg_total
 Whether the fly had any type of wing damage or not. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
 copulatory_wounds Whether the fly had copulatory wounds or not. 1 = yes, 0
 = no. parasitoid Whether the fly had any encapsulated parasitoids or not.
 1 = yes, 0 = no. number_parasitoid Total number of melanised patches
 (encapsulated parasitoids) under the fly cuticle. **4. Missing data
 codes**: Missing data are denoted as “NA” ### **DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION
 FOR: mite\_data.csv** **1. Number of variables**: 10 **2. Number of
 cases/rows**: 56 **3. Variable List**: Each row contains data for an
 individual fly and indicates the presence or absence of various types of
 wounding or damage site Location of the fly collection. season Time of the
 fly collection. 1 = Early summer (24th June-21st July), 2 = Late summer
 (24th August-6th September), 3 = Autumn (4th-8th October). fly_sample_id
 Identification number of the fly. fly_species Species of the fly. fly_sex
 Sex of the fly. f = Female, m = Male. melanized_spots Whether the fly had
 melanised black spots after removing the mite from the fly body or not. 1
 = yes, 0 = no. mite_sample_id Identification number of the mite.
 mite_species Species of the mite. attachment_place Mite attachment place
 on the fly body. number_of_mites Total number of mites on the fly. **4.
 Missing data codes**: Missing data are denoted as “NA” ### **DATA-SPECIFIC
 INFORMATION FOR: mite\_prob.csv** **1. Number of variables**: 10 **2.
 Number of cases/rows**: 56 **3. Variable List**: Each row contains data
 for an individual fly and indicates the presence or absence of various
 types of wounding or damage site Location of the fly collection. season
 Time of the fly collection. 1 = Early summer (24th June-21st July), 2 =
 Late summer (24th August-6th September), 3 = Autumn (4th-8th October). sex
 Sex of the fly. yes_mites The number of flies found with a mite attached
 to their body. no_mites The number of flies not found with a mite attached
 to their body. **4. Missing data codes**: No missing data. ##
 Sharing/Access information NA ## Code/Software R code needed for analyses
 and figures as shown in the manuscript, can be found in the file: damage.R