DOI: 10.3886/icpsr38028.v1
title: American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey 2019 (AIAN FACES 2019)
title: Version 1

description: Historically there has been little information about children attending Region XI Head Start programs (programs operated by federally recognized tribes); however, in 2015 the first AIAN FACES study provided a national picture of children, families, and programs in Region XI. Native voices were at the forefront of this study in the AIAN FACES 2015 Workgroup, comprised of Region XI Head Start directors, researchers, and federal officials. AIAN FACES 2019 is the second round of this national study of Region XI Head Start children and families and their experiences in Head Start programs and classrooms. The AIAN FACES 2019 study design is the same as the design for AIAN FACES 2015. AIAN FACES 2019 convened its own workgroup with a composition similar to the 2015 workgroup. The AIAN FACES 2019 Workgroup provided advice on study activities from measurement updates to data collection and dissemination. AIAN FACES 2019 sought to (1) describe the strengths and needs of all children in Region XI, (2) provide an accurate picture of all children and families who participate in Region XI (AIAN and non-AIAN), and (3) understand the cultural and linguistic experiences of Native children and families in Region XI AIAN Head Start. Data collection with Region XI children, families, classrooms, and programs took place in the fall of 2019 and the spring of 2020. In both fall and spring, the study collected data from parent surveys and teacher child reports. In fall 2019, the study conducted direct child assessments. In spring 2020, teachers, center directors, and program directors completed surveys. Twenty-two Region XI Head Start programs participated. The study followed procedures for tribal review and approval in each of those 22 communities. AIAN FACES 2019 also planned to conduct direct child assessments and classroom observations in spring 2020. Due to the COVID-19 (for coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, AIAN FACES cancelled in-person data collection (direct child assessments and classroom observations) after the second week of March, 2020. Therefore, the study was only able to collect direct child assessment and classroom observation data in seven of its 22 programs. For more information on the spring 2020 direct child assessments and classroom observations, see the Spring 2020 Partial Sample User's Manual. Researchers may request access to the Spring 2020 Partial Sample Data File containing these partial data from direct child assessments and classroom observations as part of their application. The data are provided in a separate file for exploratory purposes only. These partial data cannot be used to develop estimates representing Region XI children as a whole.
description: The AI/AN FACES 2019 data include a set of analysis weights to account for variations in the probabilities of selection as well as eligibility and differences in participation rates among those selected. They also adjust for sample attrition over time. Consult Chapter VI of the User's Manual for a more in-depth explanation of the weights, the weighting procedure, and the specific formulas used for each of the weights. Chapter VI also providers guidance on the appropriate weight to use for different analyses.
description: Response Rates: Forty-one programs were sampled and 22 programs agreed to participate in AIAN FACES 2019. Parent consents were received for 75 percent of the children who were sampled. Completion rates for the child assessments and teacher child reports were 86 and 88 percent, respectively in fall 2019. The completion rate for the spring 2020 teacher child report was 70 percent. Parent survey completion rates were 75 and 67 percent respectively in fall and spring. Response rates were lower than expected in spring 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic for teachers, program directors, and center directors; the completion rates were 69 percent, 82 percent, and 68 percent, respectively. A nonresponse bias analysis was conducted at the program and child levels and concluded that the risk for nonresponse bias would be mitigated when making estimates from the AIAN FACES 2019 study using the appropriate weights. Please consult Chapter IV of the User's Manual for more details on response rates and Chapter VI for the nonresponse bias analysis. AIAN FACES 2019 also planned to conduct direct child assessments and classroom observations in spring 2020. The study team conducted this in-person data collection for 7 of the 22 sampled Region XI Head Start programs in spring 2020 before cancelling in-person data collection due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 30 classroom observations and 218 direct assessments carried out in those 7 programs are not representative of all Region XI Head Start classrooms or children, even with weights that would have accounted for sampling and study participation. Please consult Chapter III of the Spring 2020 Partial Sample User's Manual for more details.
description: Presence of Common Scales: Scales used include, but are not limited to: Preschool Language Assessment Survey (preLAS 2000): Simon Says and Art Show Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Fifth Edition (PPVT-5) Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test-Fourth Edition (EOWPVT-4) Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement-Fourth Edition (Spelling, Letter-Word Identification, Applied Problems) Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B) Letter Sounds Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) mathematics assessment Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS AppTM) Leiter International Performance Scale Third Edition (Leiter-3) Examiner Rating Scale Selected items from the Personal Maturity Scale, Social Skills Rating System and Behavior Problems Index Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten (ECLS-K) Approaches to Learning Short (12-item) form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) See Chapter III in the User's Manual for a complete listing of the measures/scales used.
description: The sample is a multi-stage sample, with the first two of four stages (programs and centers) being selected with probability proportion to size (based on number of classrooms). Classrooms within centers (stage three) and children within classrooms (stage four) were sampled with equal probability. Twenty-two programs participated in AI/AN FACES 2019. An average of two centers and two classrooms in each center were selected. Thirteen children were selected in each classroom to yield 10 participating children. A description of the sample design for the data collection is found in Chapter II of the User's Manual.
description: Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: AIAN FACES Main Data DS2: Spring 2020 Partial Sample Data
description: The Region XI AI/AN Head Start programs participating in AI/AN FACES 2019 were a probability sample selected from among 146 study-eligible programs on the 2016-2017 Head Start Program Information Report (PIR). To be eligible for the study, a program had to be providing services directly to children ages 3 to 5, and not be in imminent danger of losing its grantee status. Furthermore, programs in Regions I through X and Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (Region XII) were not eligible. Probability samples of centers were selected within each program, classrooms within each center, and children within each classroom. Teachers associated with selected classrooms were included in the study with certainty, as were parents associated with selected children..
description: computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI); cognitive assessment test; mail questionnaire; paper and pencil interview (PAPI); web-based survey<strong>Project Officers:</strong> The American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey would like to acknowledge Meryl Barofsky and Laura Hoard's roles as the ACF Project Officers. <strong>Project Director:</strong> Lizabeth Malone, Ph.D. (Mathematica) <strong>AI/AN FACES 2019 Study Director:</strong> Sara Bernstein, Ph.D. (Mathematica) <strong>Principal Investigators:</strong> Louisa Tarullo, Ph.D. and Nikki Aikens, Ph.D. (Mathematica) <strong>Consultants:</strong> Tribal Early Childhood Research Center and AI/AN FACES Workgroup. <strong>Additional Resources:</strong> Reports based on this data collection are available at the Administration for Children and Families web site.For additional information on the American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (AIAN FACES) study, please visit the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation website.