cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqjxs
title: Understanding farmers' reasons behind mitigation decisions is key in supporting their coexistence with wildlife

description: 1.     Coexistence between
 wildlife and farmers can be challenging and can endanger the lives of
 both, prompting the provisioning of mitigation methods by governments and
 non-governmental organisations (NGOs). However, provision of materials,
 demonstration of the effectiveness of methods or willingness to uptake a
 method do not predict uptake of methods.
 2.     We used Ethnographic
 Decision Models to understand how farmers’ work through the decisions of
 uptake or non-uptake of methods to mitigate crop consumption by elephants,
 and how the government and NGOs can either enable or impede the ability of
 farmers to protect themselves and their crops.
 3.     While farmers were
 motivated to use methods if they received or could afford to buy materials
 and they believed in the effectiveness of the methods, they still did not
 use them if they considered a method to be dangerous, or issues with
 elephants not to be severe enough, or when the supply of materials or
 income was not sufficient. Methods were not even considered by farmers if
 they lacked awareness or knowledge of the method. Government departments
 and NGOs enabled farmers to mitigate elephant crop consumption by
 providing opportunities for cash income, and providing materials and
 knowledge. Yet, there was disparity between the materials farmers received
 and methods they wished to adopt.
 4.     One-off inputs of
 materials did not result in sustainable use of mitigation methods. We see
 an opportunity for governmental departments or NGOs to stimulate logistics
 (e.g. roads and retail) to increase availability of mitigation materials
 since this promoted farmer autonomy. We also highlight the importance of
 empowering farmers by facilitating within community sharing of mitigation
 ideas and increasing knowledge about the effectiveness of promising
 wildlife conscious farming, as despite promising farmer testimonies, only
 a few farmers used these techniques.
description: This dataset contains the anonimized results from testing 16
 Ethnographic Decision Models, please see supplementary information
 available through the publication for the interview
 questions corresponding to the datacolumns. Each row represents one
 respondent, with detailed characteristics and open answers removed to
 avoid making it possible to identify individuals. Please contact the
 corresponding author if you are interested in accessing this additional
 data. Please see the methodology sections in the
 publication and Supporting Information for details on how data was
 collected. Please note: NA's correspond to the
 skipping logic of the interview schedule, please see supplementary
 information available through the publication for the interview
 questions corresponding to the datacolumns.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh7136
title: Data from: Genetic, maternal, and environmental influences on sociality in a pedigreed primate population

description: Various aspects of sociality in mammals (e.g., dyadic connectedness) are
 linked with measures of biological fitness (e.g., longevity). How within-
 and between-individual variation in relevant social traits arises in
 uncontrolled wild populations is challenging to determine but is crucial
 for understanding constraints on the evolution of sociality. We use an
 advanced statistical method, known as the ‘animal model’, which
 incorporates pedigree information, to look at social, genetic, and
 environmental influences on sociality in a long-lived wild primate. We
 leverage a longitudinal database spanning 20 years of observation on
 individually recognized white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus
 imitator), with a multi-generational pedigree. We analyze two measures of
 spatial association, using repeat sampling of 376 individuals (mean: 53.5
 months per subject, range: 6-185 months per subject). Conditioned on the
 effects of age, sex, group size, seasonality , and El Niño–Southern
 Oscillation phases, we show low to moderate long-term repeatability
 (across years) of the proportion of time spent social (posterior mode [95%
 Highest Posterior Density interval]: 0.207 [0.169, 0.265]) and of average
 number of partners (0.144 [0.113, 0.181]) (latent scale). Most of this
 long-term repeatability could be explained by modest heritability
 (h2social: 0.152 [0.094, 0.207]; h2partners: 0.113 [0.076, 0.149]) with
 small long-term maternal effects (m2social: 0.000 [0.000, 0.045];
 m2partners: 0.000 [0.000, 0.041]). Our models capture the majority of
 variance in our behavioral traits, with much of the variance explained by
 temporally changing factors, such as group of residence, highlighting
 potential limits to the evolvability of our trait due to social and
 environmental constraints.
description: R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb33
title: Cultivation of the PHB-producing cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis in a pilot-scale open system using nitrogen from waste streams

description: The cultivation of PHB-producing cyanobacteria is a promising approach to
 obtain the raw material for bio-based and biodegradable plastics. To
 commercialise photoautotrophic PHB production, the cultivation needs to be
 scaled up in open cultivation systems and to improve sustainability of the
 process, nutrients must be obtained from waste streams. Different
 PHB-producing cyanobacteria were compared in laboratory-scale cultivations
 using either water from recirculating aquaculture systems or pre-processed
 liquid digestate as nutrient sources. The species Synechococcus
 leopoliensis was cultivated in an open thin-layer photobioreactor
 (18 m2, 200 L), were growth in mineral Z-medium was
 again compared to said waste streams. Cultivation in mineral medium
 resulted in both the highest final biomass yield
 (6 g L-1) and productivity
 (0.7 g L-1 d-1). Both waste stream-based media
 showed lower biomass yields and productivities (2 g L-1
 and 0.25–0.3 g L-1 d-1). However, due to
 differences in the cultivation conditions (e.g., temperature, nutrient
 supply), final biomass yield and productivity do not represent the
 performance of the cultivations adequately. Relative parameters such as
 nitrogen and energy conversion ratios indicate that cultivation with
 aquaculture water suffered from insufficient nitrogen supply to the
 culture, whereas the use pre-processed liquid digestate resulted in a
 substantial loss of nitrogen due to volatilization. All cultivations in
 the open system were continued in the laboratory, where cultures were
 starved for ten days under nutrient-depleted conditions (without nitrogen,
 phosphorus, or both). While PHB accumulation occurred, concentrations were
 comparatively low (&lt; 1 %dw). The comparison of
 the results suggests that PHB yields were influenced more by the initial
 cultivation condition than by the specific type of nutrient depletion.
 Thus, while the cultivation with waste streams in an open system is
 feasible, environmental parameters seem to influence PHB yields
 considerably and must be considered for the optimisation of the complete
 process.
description: Standard laboratory methods, both online and offline
 measurements
description: All data are provided as csv files and can be opened with text
 editors.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.25vz2z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 14945 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Hordeum murinum glaucum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 14945 records from 251 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000109-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgn27
title: Traumatic mating in a wolf spider

description: Strict monandry is rare in animals in nature. Though traumatic mating has
 been reported to postpone female re-mating, it rarely leads to strict
 monandry. We demonstrate that traumatic mating causes strict monandry in a
 wandering wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata. We show direct evidence
 that males damaged the inner walls of female genital tracts with the sharp
 embolus on their palps during insemination. To confirm that the trauma
 reduced female willingness to re-mate, we mimicked male palp insertions by
 micro-injecting seminal fluids and/or causing trauma to female genital
 tracts, then we let the manipulated females mate. Result of mating trials
 showed that seminal fluids indeed have, but not significant impact in
 inhibiting female mating. However, once female genital tracts were
 wounded, female’s mating willingness were greatly suppressed. In addition,
 we found that wounds caused by male traumatic matings lead to hemorrhages,
 which gradually turn into impermeable amorphous mating plugs. The mating
 plugs gradually blocked female genital tracts, and finally completely
 preventing females from re-mating. We thus provide evidence for strict
 monandry in P. pseudoannulata due to male traumatic mating through two
 means: genital trauma suppressed female’s re-mating willingness and mating
 plugs completely prevented females from re-mating.
description: Mating trials, GC-MS, HPLC
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rbd
title: Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

description: COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human
 mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its
 effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data,
 we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43
 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019.
 Individual responses were variable, with no change in average
 movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown
 conditions. However, under strict lockdowns, 10-day 95th percentile
 displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape
 permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined
 by 12%, and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human
 footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall,
 lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable
 but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
description: This repository contains the code and data to run the analyses
 from Tucker, M.A., et al. Behavioral
 responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns. Data
 includes terrestrial mammal displacement distances and distance to road
 values before and during the early 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns for 2,300
 individuals representing 43 species. Associated information on body mass,
 NDVI, human footprint, lockdown stringency, activity and relative brain
 size are also included. See the associated paper for additional
 details.
description: The two analysis files are in .xls format, the 1-hour
 displacement, 10-day displacement and distance to road data are in R Data
 (.rds) format, and the code is in R format. 
   <strong>Important
 Note</strong> Please be mindful and respectful of
 the amount of time, effort, and funds invested in collecting these
 data. Please read the following recommendations on involving data
 contributors before using the data. - These data come
 from an international collaborative effort with a diverse range of
 contributors and studies. Each contributed study has their own ecological
 context and important idiosyncrasies.  - We strongly
 encourage a collaborative approach when using these data. We encourage you
 to reach out to the contact person of each study you plan to use data
 from. In addition to reaching out, we consider it good practice to offer
 involvement and co-authorship when possible. For each study, the contact
 person is listed on Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rbd) and
 Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6915169) and in the Supporting
 Materials associated with the manuscript. - Please also
 note that the data should be used for research, conservation or education
 purposes. Do not use the data in any way that could jeopardize
 conservation or animal welfare.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5dv41ns8f
title: Data from: Paleoclimatic changes resulted in range expansion and subsequent divergence in brown fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus

description: Past climatic change as a driving force of marine diversification is still
 largely unclear, particularly for Southern Hemisphere species. Here, we
 present a case study using the brown fur seal, Arctocephalus
 pusillus, and assess the geographical structure and demographic history
 using mitochondrial and nuclear data. Results show the two previously
 defined subspecies (one from Australia and the other from Southern Africa)
 are phylogeographically distinct. Migration analyses based on nuclear data
 suggest the absence of migrants among the two genetically close
 assemblages. The demographic history of A. pusillus is characterized by a
 glacial population expansion (~18 Kya) in the Southern African taxon,
 which coincides with time estimates of population expansion of prey
 species of seals. Approximate Bayesian Calculations support an eastward
 dispersal event during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when sea levels were
 lower, followed by a postglacial divergence event, ~ 13 Kya. The
 demographic history of the brown fur seal in the Southern Oceans provides
 support that recent paleoclimatic changes could have facilitated
 expansions in some marine species and that postglacial sea-level rise may
 have acted as a dispersal barrier for species mostly confined to
 continental shelves.  
description: Please refer to ReadMe.txt
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4vt
title: Spatio-temporal dynamics of genetic variation at the quantitative and molecular levels within a natural Arabidopsis thaliana population

description: Evolutionary change begins at the population scale. Therefore,
 understanding adaptive variation requires the identification of the
 factors maintaining and shaping standing genetic variation at the
 within-population level. Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity
 represent ecological drivers of within-population genetic variation,
 determining the evolutionary trajectory of populations along with random
 processes. Here, we focused on the effects of spatio-temporal
 heterogeneity on quantitative and molecular variation in a natural
 population of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We sampled 1,093
 individuals from a Spanish A. thaliana population across an area of 7.4 ha
 for 10 years (2012-2021). Based on a sample of 279 maternal lines, we
 estimated spatio-temporal variation in life-history traits and fitness
 from a common garden experiment. We genotyped 884 individuals with nuclear
 microsatellites to estimate spatio-temporal variation in genetic
 diversity. We assessed spatial patterns by estimating spatial
 autocorrelation of traits and fine-scale genetic structure. We analyzed
 the relationships between phenotypic variation, geographic location and
 genetic relatedness, as well as the effects of environmental suitability
 and genetic rarity on phenotypic variation. The common garden experiment
 indicated that there was more temporal than spatial variation in
 life-history traits and fitness. Despite the differences among years,
 genetic distance in ecologically relevant traits (e.g. flowering time)
 tended to be positively correlated to genetic distance among maternal
 lines, whilst isolation by distance was less important. Genetic diversity
 exhibited significant spatial structure at short distances, which were
 consistent among years. Finally, genetic rarity, and not environmental
 suitability, accounted for genetic variation in life-history traits.
 Synthesis. Our study highlighted the importance of repeated sampling to
 detect the large amount of genetic diversity at the quantitative and
 molecular levels that a single A. thaliana population can harbor. Overall,
 population genetic attributes estimated from our long-term monitoring
 scheme (genetic relatedness and genetic rarity), rather than biological
 (dispersal) or ecological (vegetation types and environmental suitability)
 factors, emerged as the most important drivers of within-population
 structure of phenotypic variation in A. thaliana.
description: See article
description: See ReadMe file and article
DOI: 10.6078/d10t5f
title: Mitochondrial plasticity and life history in field crickets

description: Mitochondria serve as critical producers of both cellular energy and
 metabolic precursors for biosynthesis required for organismal growth,
 activity, somatic maintenance, and reproduction. Consequently, variation
 in mitochondrial function is commonly associated with variation in life
 histories both within and across species. For instance, flight-capable
 long-winged crickets have mitochondria with larger bioenergetic capacities
 than flightless short-winged crickets investing in early lifetime
 fecundity instead of flight. However, we do not know whether differences
 in mitochondrial function associated with life history are fixed or result
 from flexible changes in metabolism throughout the life cycle. We measured
 mitochondrial function of fat body tissue across early adulthood of
 long-winged and short-winged crickets from two species of wing-polymorphic
 field crickets (Gryllus firmus and Gryllus lineaticeps). Fat body is a
 multifunctional organ that supports both flight and reproduction in
 insects. Consistent with flexibility in mitochondrial function specific
 for alternative life histories, capacity for oxidative phosphorylation
 increases in mitochondria throughout early adulthood in fat body of
 long-winged but not short-winged crickets. Furthermore, fat body
 mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacities declined rapidly when
 long-wing crickets degraded their flight muscles and initiated large-scale
 oogenesis. This finding suggests that shifts in tissue function require a
 concurrent shift in mitochondrial function and that tissue-specific
 functional constraints may underpin the flight-oogenesis trade-off. In
 conclusion, changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics form a component of
 alternative life histories, indicating that mitochondrial function is
 dynamic and set to a level that matches current and future energetic
 demands and biosynthetic requirements of life history. 
description: Data was collected using high-resolution respirometry (an O2k
 from Oroborous Instruments) on mitochondria isolated from cricket fat
 body. Data was processed in DatLab and analyzed in
 R. All details on methods and analysis are found in the
 Methods and Materials Section of the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z612jm6fd
title: Divergent growth-differentiation balance strategies and resource competition shape mortality patterns in ponderosa pine

description: Dynamic resource availability leads to trade-offs among functions in
 plants. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) predicts
 greater allocation of carbon to defense than growth when resources are
 scarce; with optimum defense production occurring at a point between the
 minimum and maximum growth rates. While the GDBH has been widely tested,
 consideration of phenotypic variation in rates for which defense is traded
 for growth and what this variation means for plant resistance remains
 rare. For defense, pines produce and store oleoresin in “resin ducts.”
 Retrospective comparisons of resin ducts in pines have revealed that trees
 with greater numbers, sizes, or areas of xylem resin ducts are more likely
 to avoid or survive insect attacks. We used tree ring chronologies to
 quantify phenotypic variation in growth and resin duct defenses in pairs
 of living and bark beetle-killed Pinus ponderosa trees in southern New
 Mexico, USA, and to test the utility of the GDBH for explaining tree
 mortality. We also assessed the sensitivity of annual growth to climate
 and competitor density in years preceding mortality in each pair.
  Survivors had greater growth rates and total cross-sectional
 areas of resin ducts than trees killed by bark beetles. We did not observe
 a difference in climate-growth relationships among the groups, however,
 trees killed by bark beetles suffered negative effects of competition
 while survivors did not. Growth-defense trade-offs conformed to the GDBH’s
 prediction of a quadratic relationship, however, the two groups
 significantly differed in the rate at which defense was traded for
 increasing levels of annual growth.  Our results demonstrate that
 phenotypic variation in the trade-off between growth and defense could be
 used to characterize trees that were killed by or survived recent natural
 enemy epidemics. We hypothesize that the GDBH could be integrated with the
 characterization of phenotypic variation in growth-differentiation
 strategies—along with parsing of gene versus environment influences on
 phenotypes—at both local and landscape scales to increase our
 understanding of patterns of natural enemy impacts in plant populations.
description: See the associated manuscript for complete details. This data set
 contains measures of the size (diameter and height), competition
 neighborhood density, and measures of annual tree ring widths and resin
 duct traits for Ponderosa pines of southern New Mexico, USA. This data was
 collected using a paired design; tree pairs were selected for close
 proximity and similar size with one member of each pair being alive at the
 time of sampling and the other having been killed by bark beetles prior to
 the study. Annual climate data was retrieved from PRISM.
description: The data are .csv format; metadata and details are in .txt files.
 No proprietary software is required to open and view the files.