cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591901.v4
title: Levels of human traffic effecting the abundance of insects

description: This experiment was conducted in a group of five members who are J. Chera, D. Hosseini, M. Francetic and N. Maximin for two days at York University. The first data set was collected on October 14, 2015 from 2:30-4:30pm and the second data set was collected on October 20, 2015 from 2:30-4:30pm. Note that on both days it was cloudy with little sun exposure. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if different traffic levels of humans affect the abundance and diversity of insects. This experiment took place in six different locations where three of the locations had high human traffic, which are in front of Vari Hall, between Lumbers and Lassonde and campus walk (infront of stong). The other three locations had low human traffic, which are Danby woodlot, Osgoode woodlot and Stong woodlot. In each location, 10 pan traps were placed spaced from each other, and left at each location for an hour from the time it was placed. After an hour had passed, the pan traps were observed to see what type of insects were found and then the number of each insect was recorded. Therefore a total of 60 pan traps were placed on both days, for a total of 120 pan traps. This procedure was then replicated for the second day. It should be noted that the color of the pan trap does not matter for this experiment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591920.v5
title: Abundance and Diversity of insects- Lab4--Experimental Design

description: This experiment was conducted in 6 different locations, over the course of 2 days. The field experiment was conducted at York University; consisted of 5 group members, D. Hosseini J. Chera, M. Francetic and N. Maximin. Two data set was collected in total, the first data set was collected on October 14th, and the second was collected on October 21st. The purpose of this experiment was to compare and contrast the abundance and distribution of insects between high and low human traffic areas (High traffic area means areas with the most population in the York University in contrast low traffic area means woodlot, or grassland). The 3 high human traffic areas are: in front of Vari Hall, between Lumbers and Lassonde, and campus walk (which is in front of Stong) and the 3 low traffic areas are: Danby woodlot, Osgoode woodlot and Stong woodlot. 10 pan traps, each spaced equally from each other were placed at each location. The pan traps were set for an hour from the time it was placed, after which the group members observed, counted and documented the insects captured. The same process was repeated for a second time a week later. A total of 60 pan traps were placed each day, adding to a total of 120 pan traps for both days. Note: The color of the pan traps was not under consideration, meaning the colors did not matter to the experiment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591882
title: Food Choices and Gender

description: The experiment was conducted over a 3 week span on York University Campus. Data was collected on the same day and at the same time, once a week (October 1st, October 8th, October 15th, 2015) at approximately 2:45-3:45pm. Due to the lack of data collectors, the next set of diners were observed and tallied at 3:55-4:55pm. The same set of diners was rotated in a round robin schedule to accommodate for the different times measured. The average of the 3 days were then calculated. Diners were chosen based on the food options provided in their menu.Type of food served at each restuarant were divided into either healthy or non healthy. Each diners were categorized as either healthy or unhealthy. Diners categorized as healthy were defined as diners that served food that were high in fiber and low in fat. Diners categorized as nonhealthy were defined as diners that served food that were high in fat and low in fiber. Wendy's (unhealthy) was compared with Bistro (healthy, Popeyes (unhealthy) was compared with La Prep (healthy) and Hero Burger (unhealthy) was compared with Berries and Bloom (healthy). Diners had to be located in either the Student Center or York Lanes. Diners being compared also had to have the same foot traffic for better comparison. Gender was categorized as either male or female. Female were defined as having longer length in hair and wider hips than shoulders. Males were defined as having shorter length in hair and broader shoulders than hips. The number of females and males entering and leaving with food were tallied. The same procedure was repeated for 3 days.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591880
title: Plant density vs. insect abundance in varying levels of vegetation

description: The plant density and insect abundance was measured for 60 quadrats on the York University campus. 30 were done in a section of mowed lawn. 30 were done in the tall grass/thistled section of the lot. Data was collected over 2 days 1 week apart. The data was collected to investigate whether there was a relation between the two variables. The height of the tallest plant was also recorded to give an estimate of the total vertical coverage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591882.v1
title: Food Choices and Gender

description: The experiment was conducted over a 3 week span on York University Campus. Data was collected on the same day and at the same time, once a week (October 1st, October 8th, October 15th, 2015) at approximately 2:45-3:45pm. Due to the lack of data collectors, the next set of diners were observed and tallied at 3:55-4:55pm. The same set of diners was rotated in a round robin schedule to accommodate for the different times measured. The average of the 3 days were then calculated. Diners were chosen based on the food options provided in their menu.Type of food served at each restuarant were divided into either healthy or non healthy. Each diners were categorized as either healthy or unhealthy. Diners categorized as healthy were defined as diners that served food that were high in fiber and low in fat. Diners categorized as nonhealthy were defined as diners that served food that were high in fat and low in fiber. Wendy's (unhealthy) was compared with Bistro (healthy, Popeyes (unhealthy) was compared with La Prep (healthy) and Hero Burger (unhealthy) was compared with Berries and Bloom (healthy). Diners had to be located in either the Student Center or York Lanes. Diners being compared also had to have the same foot traffic for better comparison. Gender was categorized as either male or female. Female were defined as having longer length in hair and wider hips than shoulders. Males were defined as having shorter length in hair and broader shoulders than hips. The number of females and males entering and leaving with food were tallied. The same procedure was repeated for 3 days.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591901.v3
title: Levels of human traffic effecting the abundance of insects

description: This experiment was conducted in a group of five members who are J. Chera, D. Hosseini, M. Francetic and N. Maximin for two days at York University. The first data set was collected on October 14, 2015 from 2:30-4:30pm and the second data set was collected on October 20, 2015 from 2:30-4:30pm. Note that on both days it was cloudy with little sun exposure. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if different traffic levels of humans affect the abundance and diversity of insects. This experiment took place in six different locations where three of the locations had high human traffic, which are in front of Vari Hall, between Lumbers and Lassonde and campus walk (infront of stong). The other three locations had low human traffic, which are Danby woodlot, Osgoode woodlot and Stong woodlot. In each location, 10 pan traps were placed spaced from each other, and left at each location for an hour from the time it was placed. After an hour had passed, the pan traps were observed to see what type of insects were found and then the number of each insect was recorded. Therefore a total of 60 pan traps were placed on both days, for a total of 120 pan traps. This procedure was then replicated for the second day. It should be noted that the color of the pan trap does not matter for this experiment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591875
title: Trends in the Reproductive Phenology of two Great Lakes Fishes

description: To assess potential effects of climate change on Great Lakes fish populations, we evaluated trends in the reproductive phenology of Yellow Perch <i>Perca flavescens</i> (spring spawner) and Lake Trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> (autumn spawner). For Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan, the estimated reproductive midpoint date (50% of mature females ripe or spent, 50% not yet spawned) took place 6.2 d/decade earlier in the spring near Milwaukee from 1988 to 2012 and 1.8 d/decade earlier in Green Bay from 1980 to 2012. At both locations water temperatures at the spawning sites on the midpoint date showed no trends, but mean water temperatures during the spring at the spawning site and midlake increased over the study period. This suggests that Yellow Perch spawning areas were warming sooner in the spring and that Yellow Perch were spawning earlier to maintain a consistent spawning temperature. Lake Trout phenological patterns were more complex. For Lake Trout in Lake Michigan near Milwaukee, there was a marginally significant trend for spawning to take place 2.1 d/decade later in the autumn from 1983 to 2006. However, water temperatures at the spawning site at the midpoint date did not change and autumn temperatures at the site and at midlake did not show a warming trend. For Lake Trout in Lake Superior near the Apostle Islands, the midpoint date did not change from 1988 to 2012. Water temperatures at the spawning site on the midpoint date and during the autumn also showed no trends, but midlake summer and autumn water temperatures increased significantly. Overall, Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan have shifted reproductive timing in a manner consistent with a warming climate, but the relationship of climate change to reproductive phenology remains unclear for Lake Trout in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. Received December 15, 2014; accepted August 7, 2015
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591877
title: Effects of Hybridization between Nonnative Rainbow Trout and Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout on Fitness-Related Traits

description: Hybridization between introduced and native fauna is a risk to native species and may threaten the long-term persistence of numerous taxa. Rainbow Trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> has been one of the most widely introduced species around the globe and often hybridizes with native Cutthroat Trout <i>O. clarkii</i> in the Rocky Mountains. Previous work has shown that hybridization negatively affects reproductive success, but identification of the traits contributing to that reduction has been elusive. In this study, we used a combination of field and laboratory techniques to assess how hybridization with Rainbow Trout affects seven traits during several stages of Westslope Cutthroat Trout development: embryonic survival, ova size, ova energy concentration, sperm motility, juvenile weight, juvenile survival, and burst swimming endurance. Rainbow Trout admixture was correlated with an increase in embryonic survival and ova energy concentration but with a decrease in juvenile weight and burst swimming endurance. These correlations differed from previously observed patterns of reproductive success and likely do not explain the declines in reproductive success associated with admixture. Future investigation of additional, unstudied traits and the use of different environments may shed light on the traits responsible for reproductive success in admixed Cutthroat Trout. Received January 18, 2015; accepted June 16, 2015
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591874
title: The Eocene sardine †<i>Bolcaichthys catopygopterus</i> (Woodward, 1901) from Monte Bolca, Italy: osteology, taxonomy, and paleobiology

description: ABSTRACTClupeid fishes are abundant in the Eocene fossiliferous limestone of Monte Bolca, representing by far the most common group from this celebrated locality. However, despite of their abundance, the clupeid fishes from Monte Bolca have seldom been investigated. An analysis of about 300 well-preserved clupeid specimens from Monte Bolca housed in several institutions clearly indicates that more than 95% of the available material belongs to different developmental stages of a single taxon, traditionally referred to as †<i>Clupea catopygoptera</i> Woodward. †<i>Bolcaichthys</i>, a new genus of clupeid fish, erected to contain †<i>Clupea catopygoptera</i> Woodward from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, is described and compared with extant and fossil genera of the family Clupeidae. This new genus shows a unique combination of characters (head length approximately one third to one quarter standard length; skull roof with 10–14 frontoparietal striae; mouth terminal; two supramaxillae; edentulous jaws and palate; complete series of about 20–22 abdominal keeled scutes with ascending arms; no dorsal scutes; five or six branchiostegal rays; eight supraneurals; 40–42 vertebrae and 20–22 pleural ribs; three epurals) supporting its recognition as a new genus of the family Clupeidae. Paleobiological considerations suggest that the presence of a very large number of schooling clupeids belonging to the genus †<i>Bolcaichthys</i> at all stages of development (larval, juvenile, and adult) support the hypothesis that the sediments were deposited close to the coast in a context subject to the ecological influence of the open sea.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9A5490-D543-4ECC-9A74-1305BDC2F764SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVPCitation for this article: Marramà, G., and G. Carnevale. 2015. The Eocene sardine †<i>Bolcaichthys catopygopterus</i> (Woodward, 1901) from Monte Bolca, Italy: osteology, taxonomy, and paleobiology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1014490.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591875.v1
title: Trends in the Reproductive Phenology of two Great Lakes Fishes

description: To assess potential effects of climate change on Great Lakes fish populations, we evaluated trends in the reproductive phenology of Yellow Perch <i>Perca flavescens</i> (spring spawner) and Lake Trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> (autumn spawner). For Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan, the estimated reproductive midpoint date (50% of mature females ripe or spent, 50% not yet spawned) took place 6.2 d/decade earlier in the spring near Milwaukee from 1988 to 2012 and 1.8 d/decade earlier in Green Bay from 1980 to 2012. At both locations water temperatures at the spawning sites on the midpoint date showed no trends, but mean water temperatures during the spring at the spawning site and midlake increased over the study period. This suggests that Yellow Perch spawning areas were warming sooner in the spring and that Yellow Perch were spawning earlier to maintain a consistent spawning temperature. Lake Trout phenological patterns were more complex. For Lake Trout in Lake Michigan near Milwaukee, there was a marginally significant trend for spawning to take place 2.1 d/decade later in the autumn from 1983 to 2006. However, water temperatures at the spawning site at the midpoint date did not change and autumn temperatures at the site and at midlake did not show a warming trend. For Lake Trout in Lake Superior near the Apostle Islands, the midpoint date did not change from 1988 to 2012. Water temperatures at the spawning site on the midpoint date and during the autumn also showed no trends, but midlake summer and autumn water temperatures increased significantly. Overall, Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan have shifted reproductive timing in a manner consistent with a warming climate, but the relationship of climate change to reproductive phenology remains unclear for Lake Trout in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. Received December 15, 2014; accepted August 7, 2015
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591873
title: First North American occurrence of the toothed pteranodontoid pterosaur <i>Cimoliopterus</i>

description: ABSTRACTA new pterosaur species, <i>Cimoliopterus dunni</i>, sp. nov., is described based on a partial rostrum from the upper Cenomanian Britton Formation in the Eagle Ford Group of north-central Texas. The holotype preserves alveoli for a minimum of 26 upper teeth and bears a thin premaxillary crest that begins above the fourth pair of alveoli. The rostrum, characterized by a slight lateral flare, lacks the pronounced lateral expansion found in ornithocheirids and anhanguerids. The tip of the snout is small and blunt, and the anterior face of the rostrum is oriented posteroventrally, forming an approximately 45° angle with the anterior portion of the palate. The anteroventrally oriented first pair of alveoli is directed more ventrally than anteriorly. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that <i>Cimoliopterus dunni</i> and <i>Cimoliopterus cuvieri</i>, from the Cenomanian Grey Chalk Subgroup in Kent, England, are basal pteranodontoids that are closely related to <i>Aetodactylus halli</i> from the middle Cenomanian Tarrant Formation of north Texas. <i>Cimoliopterus dunni</i> marks only the second known occurrence of <i>Cimoliopterus</i>, extending its geographic range from Europe to North America. In conjunction with <i>Coloborhynchus wadleighi</i> from the upper Albian Pawpaw Formation, <i>Cimoliopterus dunni</i> provides unambiguous evidence of biogeographic linkages between the pterosaur faunas of North America and Europe in the middle Cretaceous.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:50FDA47D-0E2D-4B6E-9A18-8F04F814CE62SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVPCitation for this article: Myers, T. S. 2015. First North American occurrence of the toothed pteranodontoid pterosaur <i>Cimoliopterus</i>. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1014904.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591877.v1
title: Effects of Hybridization between Nonnative Rainbow Trout and Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout on Fitness-Related Traits

description: Hybridization between introduced and native fauna is a risk to native species and may threaten the long-term persistence of numerous taxa. Rainbow Trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> has been one of the most widely introduced species around the globe and often hybridizes with native Cutthroat Trout <i>O. clarkii</i> in the Rocky Mountains. Previous work has shown that hybridization negatively affects reproductive success, but identification of the traits contributing to that reduction has been elusive. In this study, we used a combination of field and laboratory techniques to assess how hybridization with Rainbow Trout affects seven traits during several stages of Westslope Cutthroat Trout development: embryonic survival, ova size, ova energy concentration, sperm motility, juvenile weight, juvenile survival, and burst swimming endurance. Rainbow Trout admixture was correlated with an increase in embryonic survival and ova energy concentration but with a decrease in juvenile weight and burst swimming endurance. These correlations differed from previously observed patterns of reproductive success and likely do not explain the declines in reproductive success associated with admixture. Future investigation of additional, unstudied traits and the use of different environments may shed light on the traits responsible for reproductive success in admixed Cutthroat Trout. Received January 18, 2015; accepted June 16, 2015
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591874.v2
title: The Eocene sardine †<i>Bolcaichthys catopygopterus</i> (Woodward, 1901) from Monte Bolca, Italy: osteology, taxonomy, and paleobiology

description: ABSTRACTClupeid fishes are abundant in the Eocene fossiliferous limestone of Monte Bolca, representing by far the most common group from this celebrated locality. However, despite of their abundance, the clupeid fishes from Monte Bolca have seldom been investigated. An analysis of about 300 well-preserved clupeid specimens from Monte Bolca housed in several institutions clearly indicates that more than 95% of the available material belongs to different developmental stages of a single taxon, traditionally referred to as †<i>Clupea catopygoptera</i> Woodward. †<i>Bolcaichthys</i>, a new genus of clupeid fish, erected to contain †<i>Clupea catopygoptera</i> Woodward from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, is described and compared with extant and fossil genera of the family Clupeidae. This new genus shows a unique combination of characters (head length approximately one third to one quarter standard length; skull roof with 10–14 frontoparietal striae; mouth terminal; two supramaxillae; edentulous jaws and palate; complete series of about 20–22 abdominal keeled scutes with ascending arms; no dorsal scutes; five or six branchiostegal rays; eight supraneurals; 40–42 vertebrae and 20–22 pleural ribs; three epurals) supporting its recognition as a new genus of the family Clupeidae. Paleobiological considerations suggest that the presence of a very large number of schooling clupeids belonging to the genus †<i>Bolcaichthys</i> at all stages of development (larval, juvenile, and adult) support the hypothesis that the sediments were deposited close to the coast in a context subject to the ecological influence of the open sea.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9A5490-D543-4ECC-9A74-1305BDC2F764SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVPCitation for this article: Marramà, G., and G. Carnevale. 2015. The Eocene sardine †<i>Bolcaichthys catopygopterus</i> (Woodward, 1901) from Monte Bolca, Italy: osteology, taxonomy, and paleobiology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1014490.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591870
title: Facile Synthesis of 4-Oxo-4<i>H</i>-quinolizine-2-carboxamide Derivatives

description: A facile synthetic method for the construction of 2-substituted-4-oxo-4H-quinolizine based core structure has been successfully developed. The synthesis made use of a one pot Stobbe condensation followed by cyclisation starting from the commercially available 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde. The structure of the formed 4-oxo-4H-quinolizine-2-carboxylate was fully confirmed by MS, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, COSY, HMBC and HSQC spectra. The ethyl carboxylate moiety was then further functionalized via direct aminolysis by a range of amines to afford the corresponding 4-oxo-4H-quinolizine-2-carboxamides <b>4a-i</b> in moderate to good yields.