cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287170
title: Properties of vinyl acetate-ethylene modified mortar (VAE)

description: Abstract The lower energy absorption of cementitious mortars results in high level of cracks and it directly influences the durability of these composites. To applications as structural repairs, Portland cement mortars require special properties such as lower shrinkage, high deformability level and good adhesion strength. Redispersible or emulsion polymers can distinctly influence the fresh and hardened state of these composites. In general, thermoplastic polymers can improve the performance of mortars, especially due to elastic modulus reduction and, consequently, the crack formations. In this way, this study verify the application of two redispersible copolymers based on vinyl acetate and ethylene in order to verify their influence on fresh and hardened state of mortars and the possible application of these composites in structural repair. Consistency, mechanical strength, physical properties and optical microscopy tests were performed. The results show that the copolymer additions reduce the water absorption due to the polymeric film formation and its coalescence into the pores. In addition, the copolymers provide higher mortar plasticity and decrease the elastic modulus of the mortars studied being its behavior important to structural repairs as in concrete floors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287168
title: Performance of reinforced mortar with meshes: study of cracking and mechanical behavior

description: Abstract The use of mesh for facade cladding reinforcement has become a highly effective way to help in preventing and reducing cracks, as it can absorb the stresses that occur in the coating system. This research study seeks to evaluate the incidence of cracks in mesh reinforced coatings submitted to thermal variation, aiming to contribute to the knowledge of the performance and behaviour of mesh in mortar coatings. Hence, the direct tensile strength of three different meshes (one made of polyethylene and two galvanised ones) was evaluated with regards to their use as reinforcement in mortars. The properties analysed were compression, tensile, flexion and shear strength. Thereafter, prototypes of facades coated with mortar reinforced with mesh were constructed, observing the behaviour of the system after thermal loading (38 ºC and 80 ºC) by means of thermography, crack mapping and impact resistance, further evaluating the efficiency of two crack repair methodologies (polyester mesh with acrylic plaster and epoxy resin). The results revealed that the electro-welded galvanised mesh produced a better performance, as it absorbed part of the stresses and reduced the crack openings, guaranteeing better flexural strength. Both repair methodologies showed an adequate performance with regards to thermal exposure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287166
title: Granite rock fines addition and its effects on self-compacting mortars’ properties

description: Abstract The present study evaluates the use of granite rock fines (GRF) in self-compacting mortars, aiming to obtain adequate rheological characteristics without incorporating viscosity modifying additives. For this, mini Funnel-V, mini Slump Test and physical-mechanical characterization tests were carried out on reference mortars (without GRF) and with GRF substitution levels equal to 5%, 15% and 25%, to cement’s volume. The hydration of the pastes of these mortars was also evaluated using the isothermal calorimetry technique. Subsequently, the theoretical porosity of the pastes was analyzed through the compactness test, in order to obtain the interparticle spacing (IPS) of these pastes. When incorporating GRF, the viscosity of the mortar was adjusted, increasing the flow time by up to 4.3 sec, reducing cement consumption by up to 12% and, consequently, the release of heat during hydration. Furthermore, it was concluded that the incorporation of GRF reduces the porosity of mortars by up to 17.63% and increases the compressive strength by about 11% as a result of the addition of 15% FRG. However, due to the fact that the distance between the particles of the paste is reduced, the consumption of superplasticizer additive content has been increased to achieve the ideal spreading.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287163
title: Enhancements for ISO 37120 “Sustainable cities and communities” from smart city concept

description: Abstract Smart cities are cities where information and communication technologies are used to achieve an efficient management of resources and to increase citizen participation. To achieve sustainability is on of the main goals of these cities, leading researchers to adopt the expression “smart sustainable cities”. In order to achieve this goal, the following tools are necessary: assessment systems to target public intervention and investments, comparisons between cities and the replication of good examples. The most important assessment system is proposed by the standard ISO 37120:2018 “Sustainable cities and communities - indicators for city services and quality of life”. However, an appropriate assessment of smart cities requires specific indicators that take into account each city’s specific characteristics and their sustainability focus. Hence, a literature review was was performed, searching for previous studies that could be used as references for smart cities indicators systems, complementing the current ISO standard. The studies considered in this review take a holistic view of cities. As a result, this research project obtained indicator systems with ordinal quantitative and qualitative variables, as well as some indicators that overlap with ISO ones. As a conclusion, this study suggests two improvements: increasing the number of indicators suggested by ISO, and modifying some of the overlapping ones, so that they are in line with the smart cities concept.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287160
title: Self-levelling mortar with addition of marble and granite waste: physical and mechanical properties

description: Abstract Self-levelling mortars for subfloors were produced with marble and granite cutting waste (40% and 50% MGCW addition to the cement mass), and without the residue, varying the amounts of viscosity modifying additive and superplasticiser, water/cement ratio and cement/sand ratio. Dosages were tested with limestone filler instead of MGCW, with the addition of polypropylene fibres, and a commercially available product was studied. Properties in the fresh state (initial flow, healing time, flow retention after 20 and 30 min. and setting time), and hardened (specific mass, water absorption, void content, compressive strength and flexural traction strength) were tested according to ASTM 1708. The optimised mixture with 50% MGCW, 0.55 water/cement factor, 1: 1.5 cement/sand ratio (by mass using CPV-ARI cement) achieved a compressive strength of 38.89 ± 2.10 MPa at 28 days, presenting the best performance among the mortars tested. The addition of fine material in the self-levelling mortar dosages contributed to the spreading of the material and mitigated the segregation problem. When used in self-levelling mortar mixtures, MGCW reduces the environmental impact of the exploration and processing of ornamental rocks.
DOI: 10.3886/e129101
title: Explaining Governors' Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

description: What is the response of US governors to the COVID-19 pandemic? In this research note, we explore the determinants of implementing stay-at-home orders, focusing on governors' characteristics. In our most conservative estimate, being a Democratic governor increases the probability of implementing a stay-at-home order by more than 50 percent. Moreover, we find that the probability of implementing a statewide stay-at-home order is about 40 percent more likely for governors without a term limit than governors with a term limit. We also find that Democratic governors and governors without a term limit are significantly faster to adopt statewide orders than Republican governors and governors with a term limit. There is evidence of politics as usual in these unusual times.
DOI: 10.3886/e129101v1
title: Explaining Governors' Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

description: What is the response of US governors to the COVID-19 pandemic? In this research note, we explore the determinants of implementing stay-at-home orders, focusing on governors' characteristics. In our most conservative estimate, being a Democratic governor increases the probability of implementing a stay-at-home order by more than 50 percent. Moreover, we find that the probability of implementing a statewide stay-at-home order is about 40 percent more likely for governors without a term limit than governors with a term limit. We also find that Democratic governors and governors without a term limit are significantly faster to adopt statewide orders than Republican governors and governors with a term limit. There is evidence of politics as usual in these unusual times.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287158
title: Evaluation of the influence of the use of recycled fine aggregate in stabilised mortars

description: Abstract The use of recycled aggregate in the production of concrete and mortars has shown to be a sustainable way to reduce the volume of construction waste. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the influence of the substitution of natural fine aggregate by recycled fine aggregate on the properties of stabilised mortars. To this end, four stabilised mortars: one with natural aggregate (sand washed from the river bed) and three other mortars with 25%, 50% and 100% levels of substitution of natural fine aggregate were recycled. The evaluation of stabilised mortars was performed in the fresh state (specific mass, consistency index, cone penetration) and in the hardened state (hardened density, flexural and compressive strength, water absorption by capillarity and dynamic modulus of elasticity). These tests showed a similar behaviour, in the fresh state, between the mortar with natural aggregate and the mortars with recycled aggregate. In the hardened state, there was a reduction in the mechanical properties and an increase in the water absorption of the mortars with a higher level of substitution of the natural fine aggregate by the recycled fine aggregate.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287157
title: Using ready-mixed mortars in concrete block structural masonry

description: Abstract Ready-mixed mortars have been increasingly used due to their potential for waste reductions and productivity increases. However, research regarding their use in structural masonry applications are practically non-existent. Thus, this work investigated the technical feasibility of using ready-mixed mortars with nominal compressive strengths of 6, 9 and 14 MPa and storage times of 0 and 36 hours in concrete block structural masonry. The fresh state properties of the mortars were evaluated at 0 and 36 hours through the slump test, consistency and plasticity by the Gtec test, and entrained air content. The compressive and flexural strengths of the mortars were determined at 28 days. In addition, three-row prisms were tested for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, and four-row prisms for flexural strength in the bending test, all at 28 days. The results showed that the 6 and 9 MPa ready-mixed mortars showed satisfactory maintenance of the fresh properties from 0 to 36 hours and adequate hardened properties for both casting ages, in contrast to the 14 MPa mortar. Regarding the prism tests, the increase in storage time did not significantly affect the properties evaluated for a reliability of 95%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287156
title: Effects of particle size and specific surface area of porcelain tile polishing waste on self-compacting mortars

description: Abstract Current demands for shorter construction times and concerns about mitigating environmental impact are leading to the development of new technologies and encouraging waste recycling. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the addition of porcelain tile polishing waste (PTPW) from two lots of the same factory in self-compacting mortar production. The water to cement ratio and the additive content were maintained the same. The results show that the PTPW grain particle size and specific surface area affected the mortars’ flowability and mechanical properties. Mortars with PTPW0 (thicker particles than PTPW1) presented increased compressive strength and a reduced air entrained, already from a 10% addition. In turn, the addition of PTPW1 led to a decrease in the flowability of the mortars, maintaining a high rate of air entrained, which resulted in a lower gain of compressive strength. The results showed that the influence of the air-entrained rate on the compressive strength of the mortars prevailed over any possible improvements in particle packing and nucleation effects. Nonetheless, regardless of the amount and type of PTPW used, the study shows the viability of using it to produce satisfactory self-compacting mortars.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287155
title: Design patterns and visual methods POEs: study in two schools in the UK

description: Abstract The architectural programme process includes a data-gathering phase that assists in the development of design propositions. Numerous methods exist for the collection and analysis of this data, related to Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), with observations and measurements by the designer/researcher and perceptions by users about places. POE in schools seeks to understand these environments, which impact the quality of teaching/learning activities. Educational dynamics demand the consideration of the concept of 21st-century design patterns (DPs). This exploratory study evaluated two visual methods in POE, in schools of the UK, for design feedback, which include DPs as evaluation criteria. The methods evaluated were: diamond ranking, for image analysis, and floor plans analysis, with observations indicated by users, with stickers. The results showed these visual methods to be effective for briefing and POE. The methods provide better information, and users demonstrate greater interest in participating. The selection of images and the application of the visual tools are based on DPs, validated by the analysis and response comprehension. The development of visual methods for school POEs, with DPs insertion, is a methodological and conceptual contribution that discusses essential characteristics for 21st-century school architecture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287154
title: Housing quality post-occupancy evaluation through the “How do you live?” app: case study in the city of Uberlândia

description: Abstract This paper presents part of the research study titled " How Do You Live: Post-Occupancy Evaluation (Poe) Interactive System on Housing Quality in Digital Media”, through a case study based on a post-occupation assessment using a computer application. The study represents a Technological Innovation project carried out through a partnership between the Computer College and College of Architecture and Urbanism and Design. The main results include the development of an interactive app/questionnaire named “How Do You Live”, connected to a post-occupational assessment management (POEs) database, named “POEDIGITAL SYSTEM”. The article intends to use one of the application / questionnaire validation tests, carried out in the current stage of the research, to demonstrate the types and patterns of data collected by the system, their possible analysis in a case study, in addition to presenting the application itself. The technological advances proposed, contribute to increase the quality of the data obtained and the user involvement during the questionnaire application. Thus, it is expected that the research results will favor an improvement in the quality of housing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287151
title: Action of hydration stabilising admixture and air-entrained admixture in Portland cement pastes

description: Abstract Ready-mix mortar is a ready-to-use mix containing air-entrained admixture (AEA) and hydration stabilising admixture (HSA) in its composition in order to increase workability and application time by up to 72 hours. This study evaluated the action of these admixtures in Portland cement pastes, employed both alone and in combination, isolating the aggregate’s effect.The properties of viscosity, specific gravity, entrained air and setting time were assessed in the fresh state. In the hardened state, capillarity, specific gravity and mechanical strength were evaluated. The results demonstrated interference and cross action between the admixtures, showing that HSA can also incorporate air into the paste and that AEA can delay setting time. Viscosity proved to be related to the stability of incorporated bubbles, but not to air content. The AEH provided greater capillary water flow, unlike the AIA. The mechanical strength of high content hydration stabilising admixture pastes decreased sharply, indicating possible delay in the formation of hydrated compounds. The intermediate AEH contents show to be more suitable for ready mix cement, which can be associated with higher AIA contents, without compromising its properties.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287150
title: Evaluation of strategies for the environmental impacts’ mitigation of mortar coatings in Brazil

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of different mortar mixtures (roughcast and rendering) and their combinations, commonly used in the Brazilian buildings. Two types of construction process were evaluated for the roughcast (conventional and rolled processes) and for the rendering (conventional and projected processes). We used the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology considering the scope with the following stages: raw materials manufacturing, transport to the site, construction, end-of-life of the wastes generated during the process and the coating carbonation. We verified that it is feasible to reduce from 15% to 64% of environmental impacts of the coating only by choosing the construction technique. The main contribution of this study is the proposition of environmental guidelines, based on a quantitative analysis, for the specification and construction of mortar coatings in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287148
title: Technical analysis of the recycling of construction waste in construction site

description: Abstract This work aims to technically evaluate the recycling of construction waste from concrete and mortar, generated on a construction site of a large construction company. Subfloor, internal and external coating mortars were analyzed, considering replacement of natural sand by recycled aggregate in the percentages of 25% and 50%. Properties were evaluated in the fresh state (consistency, incorporated air content, mass density), in the hardened state (hardened density, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, compressive strength) and in the coating mortar (adhesive strength, cracks and water permeability). It was found that the fine content of the recycled aggregates was less than 10%, with no potential impact on cracking. It was also observed an increase in the content of incorporated air with an increase in the content of substitution of natural aggregate for recycled in the mortars of subfloor and external coating mortars, however for the internal coating mortars the behavior was the opposite. Regarding adhesive strength, there was no impact on the replacement content. For compressive and flexural strength, there were significant variations, but all mortars remain in the same classification extract, according to NBR 13281. As far as cracks are concerned, these were reduced by replacing natural sand with recycled aggregate. In terms of water permeability, the results found were considered low for all types of mortars.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287146
title: Creativity and the school design process: the board game as a supporting tool

description: Abstract Reflecting on improvements to the quality of the built environment implies the development of studies that take a deeper view of the issues related to the design process. Based on the premise that there are many requirements that apply to architectural design, this study presents the creation of a tool that aids the architectural design process, focusing on creativity and cognition related to the creation phase. The typology chosen is school design. The methodology uses a qualitative approach, supported by theoretical research related to cognition, the design process, and the use of games in creative processes. The final product of this research is a board game supported by cards representing the design patterns that were considered essential to the mass plan stage of school architecture. The practice of this game proved to be suitable for this phase, creating a motivating and relaxed discussion forum that can improve the creativity phase. The results found in this study show, from the first sketches, the incorporation of essential concepts related to a high performance school design. An additional conclusion was that the use of this type of tool can improve project quality as it guides the discussions and focuses them on issues that are seen as essential to the quality of school buildings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287145
title: Architecture from the perspective of the humanisation of pediatric chemotherapy environments

description: Abstract This article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative research on architecture design in the scope of the humanisation of hospital architecture in pediatric chemotherapy environments. The context points towards the accelerated adaptation of health environments in face of the introduction of advanced medical technologies. The goal is to identify the main factors that affect quality in the design process of this type of environment, in order to offer better care for child patients and other users. The Post-Occupancy Evaluation methodology was applied in a reference case study supported by interviews with a group of Brazilian experts and an analysis of four benchmarks in the international literature. The results indicate the environmental implications arising from the prevalence of outpatient chemotherapy treatment over the hospitalisation regime, and the importance of volunteer contributions. They also point to recent humanising features, such as the development of healing, family-centred, flexible environments, with evident wayfinding features and innovative and positive distractions, such as social rehabilitation environments. The achieved results stimulate new research that identifies better alternatives to meet users' needs and provide support to architects to improve health environments by adopting a strategic vision of their future.