cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpnzg
title: Data from: Ecotypes or phenotypic plasticity - the aquatic and terrestrial forms of Helosciadium repens (Apiaceae)

description:   •     Morphological and ecological
 differences of
 two forms of Helosciadium repens are known and described in the literature: aquatic and terrestrial. However, their taxonomic status is currently unknown. The question whether they are genotypically adapted to specific environmental conditions or are those differences a result of phenotypic plasticity is addressed in this study. •       SSR and ISSR data were used to uncover genotypic differences. Data from drought stress experiments (system water content and relative water content of leaves) were used to evaluate the response to water as an environmental factor. The stomatal index of both forms grown under different water treatments was analysed. •       The principal component analysis of the SSR and ISSR data revealed no clustering that would correspond with ecotypes. The diversity parameters of the SSR data showed no significant differences. Contrary to the expected pattern, the aquatic populations showed a tendency towards heterozygosity while the terrestrial ones showed a bias towards homozygosity. Both forms responded similarly to the changes in water availability, with newly produced leaves after drought stress that were better adapted to repeated drought stress. Stomatal indices were higher in plants from aquatic habitats, but these difference disappeared when the plants were grown in soil. •       The observed responses indicate that the differences between forms are due to phenotypic plasticity.  
description: SI_Index_H_repens_all.xlsx- Stomatal counts,
 epidermis cell counts and stomatal index of the all leaflet pair from
 aquatic and terrestrial plants. ISSR_Matrix.xlsx-
 Binary matrix of the ISSR data. SSR_data_H_repens.xlsx-
 data matrix of the microsatellites. SWC_A-T.xlsx- data
 of the dry stress experiment (potted aquatics)
 SWC_T.xlsx- data of the dry stress experiment
 (terrestrial
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z370
title: Data from: Climate warming is predicted to enhance the negative effects of harvesting on high-latitude lake fish populations

description: 1. Ecosystems at high latitudes are exposed to some of the highest rates
 of climate warming on earth, and freshwater ecosystems in those regions
 are already experiencing extended ice-free seasons and warmer waters. The
 dominant fish species in these ecosystems are cold-water salmonids, which
 play a central ecological role in lake ecosystems, where they are often
 exposed to size-selective fisheries that truncate their size- and
 age-distributions, making them potentially vulnerable to exploitation and
 environmental perturbations. 2. Here, we address the combined effects of
 climate-induced water-temperature increase (using regionally downscaled
 climate models based on RCP-4.5 and RCP-8.5 together with an air-to-water
 temperature model) and gillnet harvesting, over the period from 1950 to
 2100, on the somatic growth, demography, and vulnerability of Arctic charr
 Salvelinus alpinus (L.), using an eco-genetic individual-based model. The
 model captures successive annual life-history events, including the key
 processes of size-dependent mortality, age- and size-dependent maturation
 described by a probabilistic reaction norm, temperature-dependent growth,
 size-dependent reproduction, and density-dependent recruitment. 3. Our
 model predicts that higher water temperatures will increase the somatic
 growth of Arctic charr, leading to larger body size at age and increased
 stock biomass: for RCP-8.5, we predict an 80% increase in stock biomass in
 2100 relative to 2000 in the absence of fishing. Interestingly, this
 potential increase in biomass in future climate scenarios will be
 partially masked by harvesting: for a fishing mortality of 0.3 yr-1, we
 predict a mere 40% increase in stock biomass in 2100 relative to 2000.
 Despite the predicted increase in stock biomass, yield will increase
 substantially only when fishing mortality is low. In addition, climate
 warming will accentuate the age-truncation effect of harvesting, which
 will target younger individuals, including immatures, thus elevating the
 vulnerability of the population to environmental perturbations. 4.
 Synthesis and applications. Our model-based analyses highlight the
 combined effects of climate change and size-selective fishing, emphasizing
 the emerging vulnerability of fish populations to multiple stressors. We
 recommend carefully climate-adapted management strategies permitting only
 a narrow range of gillnet mesh-sizes for inland fisheries at high
 latitudes.
description: Individual Based Model Output Output from an
 eco-genetic Individual Based Model parameterised for Arctic charr from
 Lake Takvatn.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n2z34tms1
title: Local human population increase in the non-breeding areas of long-distance migrant bird species is only weakly associated with their declines, even for synanthropic species

description: Aim: To show how recent declines in populations of long-distance migrant
 birds are associated with recent increases in human population growth and
 agricultural intensification on their tropical non-breeding grounds,
 except for synanthropic species, where we expect the reverse. Location:
 Breeding populations throughout Europe and North America spending the
 non-breeding season throughout Africa, and Central and South America,
 respectively. Methods: We mapped 50 species of long-distance migrant birds
 from published tagging studies of 126 breeding populations and identified
 their breeding population trends from 2000-2015 from published Country or
 State census data. We then matched individual bird non-breeding locations,
 from each population, to local human population change and crop yield
 data. We used GLMs to predict whether bird population decline was
 associated with human population change or crop yield and whether this was
 dependent on if a species was synanthropic or not, controlling for
 absolute human population density, breeding and non-breeding location,
 migratory distance and phylogeny. We predicted that bird populations that
 spend the non-breeding season in areas of recent higher human population
 increase or agricultural intensification (crop yield), would show greater
 declines, but that declines would be less for species that frequently
 utilize anthropogenic habitats such as secondary woodland and farmland.
 Results: Bird population change, even for synanthropic species, showed a
 significant negative relationship with relative human population change
 and crop yield (but this was weak, &lt;2% and 6% of variance
 respectively), and this relationship was the same for the Neotropics and
 Africa, despite African human population change being three times larger.
 Main conclusions: The results suggest that local human population change
 in the non-breeding area is likely to be only a relatively minor driver of
 migrant declines, and its effects may be through increases in agricultural
 intensification reducing carrying capacity but we currently lack local
 studies to confirm this.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfbk
title: Egg laying rather than host quality or host feeding experience drives habitat estimation in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis

description: In variable environments, sampling information on habitat quality is
 essential for making adaptive foraging decisions. In insect parasitoids,
 females foraging for hosts have repeatedly been shown to employ behavioral
 strategies that are in line with predictions from optimal foraging models.
 Yet, which cues exactly are employed to sample information on habitat
 quality, has rarely been investigated. Using the gregarious parasitoid
 Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), we provided
 females with different cues about hosts to elucidate, which of them would
 change a wasp’s posterior behavior suggesting a change in information
 status. We employed posterior clutch size decisions on a host as proxy for
 a female’s estimation of habitat quality. Taking into account changes in
 physiological state of the foraging parasitoid, we tested whether
 different host qualities encountered previously change the subsequent
 clutch size decision in females. Additionally, we investigated whether
 other kinds of positive experiences - such as ample time to investigate
 hosts, host feeding, or egg laying  - would increase a wasp’s
 estimated value of habitat quality. Contrary to our expectations, quality
 differences in previously encountered hosts did not affect clutch size
 decisions. However, we found that prior egg laying experience changes
 posterior egg allocation to a host, indicating a change in female
 information status. Host feeding and the time available for host
 inspection, though correlated with egg laying experience, did not seem to
 contribute to this change in information status.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rcd
title: Affiliation history and age similarity predict alliance formation in adult male bottlenose dolphins

description: Male alliances are an intriguing phenomenon in the context of reproduction
 since, in most taxa, males compete over an indivisible resource, female
 fertilization. Adult male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Shark
 Bay, Western Australia, form long-term, multi-level alliances to sequester
 estrus females. These alliances are therefore critical to male
 reproductive success. Yet, the long-term processes leading to the
 formation of such complex social bonds are still poorly understood. To
 identify the criteria by which male dolphins form social bonds with other
 males, we adopted a long-term approach by investigating the ontogeny of
 alliance formation. We followed the individual careers of 59 males for 14
 years while they transitioned from adolescence (8-14 years of age) to
 adulthood (15-21 years old). Analyzing their genetic relationships and
 social associations in both age groups, we found that the vast majority of
 social bonds present in adolescence persisted through time. Male
 associations in early life predict alliance partners as adults. Kinship
 patterns explained associations during adolescence but not during
 adulthood. Instead, adult males associated with males of similar age. Our
 findings suggest that social bonds among peers, rather than kinship, play
 a central role in the development of adult male polyadic cooperation in
 dolphins.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrb1
title: Drones and global navigation satellite systems: current evidence from polar scientists

description: Aerial unmanned vehicles, so-called drones, present a paradigm shift away
 from the long term use by scientists of manned airplanes and helicopters.
 This is evident from the number of research articles that focus on data
 obtained with drones. This article examines the use of aerial drones for
 scientific research in cryospheric regions, especially Antarctica and the
 Arctic. Specifically it aims to provide insights into the choices and
 performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) use for drones,
 including augmentation systems. Data on drone GNSS navigation and
 positioning in the context of scientific polar research has been scarce.
 Drone survey data obtained from polar scientists in April 2019 is the
 first representative sample from this close-knit global community across
 the specialisms of climatology, ecology, geology, geomorphology,
 geophysics and oceanography. The survey results derived from 16 countries
 revealed that 14.71% of scientists used GALILEO, 27.94% used GLONASS and
 45.59% used GPS. Many used a combination of two or more GNSS. Multiple
 regression analysis showed that there is no strong relationship between a
 specific pattern of GNSS augmentation and greater positioning accuracy.
 Further polar drone studies should assess the effects of phase
 scintillation on all GNSS, therefore BEIDOU, GALILEO, GLONASS and GPS.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6bf
title: Data from: Museums and cradles of diversity are geographically coincident for narrowly distributed Neotropical snakes

description: Factors driving the spatial configuration of centres of endemism have long
 been a topic of broad interest and debate. Due to different
 eco-evolutionary processes, these highly biodiverse areas may harbour
 different amounts of ancient and recently diverged organisms (paleo- and
 neo-endemism, respectively). Patterns of endemism still need to be
 measured at distinct phylogenetic levels for most clades and,
 consequently, little is known about the distribution, the age and the
 causes of such patterns. Here we tested for the presence of centres with
 high Phylogenetic Endemism (PE) in the highly diverse Neotropical snakes,
 testing the age of these patterns (paleo- or neo-endemism), and the
 presence of PE centres with distinct phylogenetic composition. We then
 tested whether PE is predicted by topography, by climate (seasonality,
 stability, buffering and relictualness), or biome size. We found that most
 areas of high PE for Neotropical snakes present a combination of both
 ancient and recently diverged diversity, which is distributed mostly in
 the Caribbean region, Central America, the Andes, the Atlantic Forest and
 on scattered highlands in central Brazil. Turnover of lineages is higher
 across Central America, resulting in more phylogenetically distinct PE
 centres compared to South America, which presents a more phylogenetically
 uniform snake fauna. Finally, we found that elevational range (topographic
 roughness) is the main predictor of PE, especially for paleo-endemism,
 whereas low paleo-endemism levels coincide with areas of high climatic
 seasonality. Our study highlights the importance of mountain systems to
 both ancient and recent narrowly distributed diversity. Mountains are both
 museums and cradles of snake diversity in the Neotropics, which has
 important implications for conservation in this region.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d2547d7zd
title: Supplementary material from: A 59-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and lower extremity weakness and numbness

description: Supplementary Table 1. Upper motor neuron (UMN) vs. lower motor neuron
 (LMN) syndromes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqdk
title: Data from: Decomposition of leaf litter mixtures across biomes: The role of litter identity, diversity and soil fauna

description: 1. At broad spatial scales, the factors regulating litter decomposition
 remain ambiguous, with the understanding of these factors largely based on
 studies investigating site-specific single litter species, whereas studies
 using multi litter species mixtures across sites are rare. 2. We exposed
 in microcosms containing single species and all possible mixtures of four
 leaf litter species differing widely in initial chemical and physical
 characteristics from a temperate forest to the climatic conditions of four
 different forests across the northern hemisphere for one year. 3. Calcium,
 magnesium and condensed tannins predicted litter mass loss of single
 litter species and mixtures across forest types and biomes, regardless of
 species richness and microarthropod presence. However, relative mixture
 effects differed among forest types and varied with the access to the
 litter by microarthropods. Access to the microcosms by microarthropods
 modified the decomposition of individual litter species within mixtures,
 which differed among forest types independent of litter species richness
 and composition of litter mixtures. However, soil microarthropods
 generally only little affected litter decomposition. 4. Synthesis. We
 conclude that litter identity is the dominant driver of decomposition
 across different forest types and the non-additive litter mixture effects
 vary among biomes despite identical leaf litter chemistry. These results
 suggest that across large spatial scales the environmental context of
 decomposing litter mixtures, including microarthropod communities,
 determine the decomposition of litter mixtures besides strong litter trait
 based effects.
description: Litter mass loss (% of initial)  of <i>Ilex
 aquifolium</i> (I), <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (A),
 <i>Salix cinerea</i> (S), and <i>Fagus
 sylvatica</i> (F) incubated as single litter species and mixtures in
 the subarctic (Sub), boreal (Bor), temperate (Temp) and Mediterranean
 forest (Med).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gthxg
title: Tree planting incentives in Albertine Rift Region, Uganda

description: The study assessed the influence of incentives in tree planting by farmers
 in Kiryanga Sub county, Kagadi district, Albertine rift region. Key
 informant interviews, focus group discussions and household interviews
 were conducted to generate data on the influence of incentives on tree
 planting. The X2  test established associations between
 incentives and tree planting while a t-test was conducted to test for
 differences in characteristics of non-tree farmers and tree farmers.
 Results indicate that incentives are important in tree planting although
 some did not match farmers’ interests ( X 2  = 35.13, p
 &lt;0.05). The tree planting incentives that mattered most were:
 provision of tree seedlings (84.6%) and cash payments (69.4%) while farm
 tours as an incentive did not match farmers’ interests. The success
 attributed to incentives mainly depended on land size, and tree species’
 preferences. The study concludes that, provision of tree seedlings and
 cash payments should be the incentives to be promoted. It is therefore
 important that different stakeholders adopt incentive-based tree planting.
 Keywords; incentives, tree planting, tree farmers, Albertine Rift.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbrm
title: Yellowstone Upper Basin Geyser Binary Eruption Data (April 2007- October 2008)

description: Binary eruption data for 10 Geysers (Beehive, Castle,
 Depression, Dome, Grand, Lion, Little Squirt, Old Faithful,
 Plate, and Plume) over 19 consecutive months (April 2007- October
 2008) at a sampling interval of 6 minutes. 
description: Geyser eruptions were monitored using sensors that record
 temperature in outflow channels. Temperature data was mapped to binary
 (1/0) time series, with ones indicating an eruption. Eruptions were
 characterized by a rapid, short increase in temperature (typically
 temperature peaks above 50°C, implemented using Python's peakutils
 function). To minimize false positive eruptions in the temperature
 records, we relied on an independent observation-based dataset consisting
 of IBE assessments from collocated temperature sensors deployed by GOSA to
 specify a minimum distance between temperature peaks for each
 geyser.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mw9h
title: Consumer movement dynamics as hidden drivers of stream habitat structure: suckers as ecosystem engineers on the night shift

description: Ecosystem engineers engineering can control the spatial and temporal
 distribution of resources and movement by engineering organisms within an
 ecosystem can transport mobilize resources across boundaries and
 distribute engineering effects. Movement patterns of fishes can cause
 physical changes to stream aquatic habitats though nesting or feeding,
 both of which often vary in space and time. Here we present evidence of
 ecosystem engineering by the Sonora sucker (Catostomus insignis), a
 dominant fish in streams of the southwestern United States, and show how
 cryptic nocturnal movement patterns and bioturbation activities control
 heterogeneity in benthic substrates, and in sediment and carbon export.
 Sonora suckers exhibit distinct diel movement patterns, spending daylight
 hours in refuge habitats (typically deep pools) while moving into shallow
 habitats at night to feed. Feeding by suckers creates substantial
 disturbance in soft sediments that are patchy in space and time. These
 disturbances moved up to 2.4 × 104 cm3 of sediment per square meter per
 week in locations that are up to hundreds of meters away from sucker
 daytime refuges. The diel cycles in feeding activity (i.e., nocturnal
 digging in benthic substrates) caused nighttime pulses in suspended
 sediment that comprised up to 32% of the daily suspended load and organic
 matter transport of a stream reach. During the daytime, this particulate
 transport settles in habitats beyond the location of the initial
 disturbance, thus redistributing both sediment and organic matter. Our
 data indicate that cryptic movement by ecosystem engineers can distribute
 their effects in space and time generating heterogeneity in resources and
 suggest that habitat modifications restricting consumer movement may alter
 the impact of engineering activities.
description: Each dataset has an associated _readme file which provides
 details about column headers and methodology.
 divotdensity - weekly estimates of ambient divot density and
 volume divotfill - estimates of the consequences of
 divot formation for capture of organic matter and colonization by
 invertebrates portabletelemetry - locations of tagged
 fish within the 6km study reach sedimenttransport -
 estimates of daily sediment transport and fish activity within the
 reach stationaryantennadetections - fish detections
 within focal habitat providing timing and location of diel
 movements taggedfish - tag id, species, size, and
 weight information for tagged fish (needed to interpret portabletelemetry
 and stationaryantennadetections datasets)
 washertransects - estimates of daily patch scale disturbance of
 soft sediments by fish
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69pd6
title: Data from: Steroid hormones in hair reveal sexual maturity and competition in wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)

description: This dataset belongs to the following article: Carlitz, E.H.D., Runge,
 J.-N., König, B., Winkler, L., Kirschbaum, C., Gao, W., Lindholm, A.K.,
 2019. Steroid hormones in hair reveal sexual maturity and competition in
 wild house mice ( Mus musculus domesticus ). Sci Rep 9, 1–10.
 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53362-4 Abstract: Endocrine data from
 wild populations provide important insight into social systems. However,
 obtaining samples for traditional methods involves capture and restraint
 of animals, and/or pain, which can influence the animal’s stress level,
 and thereby undesirable release of hormones. Here, we measured
 corticosterone, testosterone and progesterone in the hair of 482
 wild-derived house mice that experienced sexual competition while living
 under semi-natural conditions. We tested whether sex, age, weight and
 indicators of sexual maturity, reproduction and social conflicts predict
 hormone concentrations measured in hair (sampling at endpoint). We show
 that body weight, sex and age significantly predict cumulative
 testosterone and progesterone levels, allowing the differentiation between
 subadults and adults in both sexes. Corticosterone was only slightly
 elevated in older males compared to older females and increased with the
 level of visible injuries or scars. Testosterone in males positively
 correlated with body weight, age, testes size, and sperm number.
 Progesterone in females significantly increased with age, body weight, and
 the number of embryos implanted throughout life, but not with the number
 of litters when controlled for age and weight. Our results highlight the
 biological validity of hair steroid measurements and provide important
 insight into reproductive competition in wild house mice. Please find a
 more precise description in the methods section of this article.
description: Diverse measurements from euthanized mice.
description: There are missing values (NA).