DOI: 10.15139/s3/f2kjsk
title: EQUATESv1.0: Emissions, WRF/MCIP, CMAQv5.3.2 Data -- 2002-2019 US_12km and NHEMI_108km

description: &lt;h1&gt;Data Summary:&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;b&gt;EQUATES: EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series Project&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
The US EPA developed a set of modeled meteorology, emissions, air quality and pollutant deposition spanning the years 2002 through 2019. Modeled datasets cover the Conterminous US (CONUS) at a 12km horizontal grid spacing (12US1) and the Northern Hemisphere at a 108km (108NHEMI) using WRFv4.1.1 for meteorology and CMAQv5.3.2 for air quality modeling. New hemispheric and North American emissions inventories were developed using, to the extent possible, consistent input data and methods across all years, including emissions from mobile, fire, and oil and gas sources. Collectively these model outputs represent 100s of TB of data. We have selected a subset of the model input and output datasets that we hope will be most useful to the air quality research community. &lt;br&gt;

These datasets include:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt; 2002-2017 monthly and annual emissions totals for 9 pollutants: NOX, SO2, CO, PM2.5, primary organic carbon (POC), primary elemental carbon (PEC), VOC, non-methane organic gases (NMOG), NH3&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Emissions inventory files for the CONUS for 2002-2019 suitable for input into the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emission processor&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; CMAQ-ready emissions, initial conditions and boundary condition input files for the 12US1 domain for 2013-2019&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; CMAQ-ready meteorology files for the 12US1 domain for 2002-2019. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Matched surface meteorology model output with surface observations for 2002-2019 &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Daily average CMAQ estimated concentration for 14 pollutants for the 12US1 domain for 2002-2019 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Annual total CMAQ estimated deposition (wet and dry) for the 12US1 domain for 2002-2019 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Daily average 3D CMAQ output for 44 layers for the 108NHEMI domain for 2009–2019&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Note: The 2002-2017 emissions summary files are included as part of this Dataverse repository as zipped comma separated ASCII files. (Note, 2018 and 2019 emission summary data are not included in this repository but can be downloaded from this &lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10Q75NC1q6Y0AU2FS1Bz_e8wU9UubGh4B?usp=drive_link"&gt;CMAS Google Drive folder&lt;/a&gt;.) This repository also includes two zip files with the CMAQ source code used for running CMAQ on the 12US1 and 108NHEMI domains. The remaining modeling datasets are on either the Google Drive or the AWS Open Data Program. The metadata associated with this DOI contain the link to the Google Drive folder and instructions for downloading the modeling data. &lt;/b&gt;
description: &lt;h2&gt;File Location and Download Instructions on Google Drive:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1G2_LBLy7_n91Ur0ulsLZ9zwGs3luTzn2"&gt;Link to EQUATES Data Dictionary and Data Use Statement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1G2_LBLy7_n91Ur0ulsLZ9zwGs3luTzn2"&gt;Link to EQUATES emissions, meteorology, and air quality data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://github.com/lizadams/equates_benchmark"&gt;Link to sample scripts for downloading EQUATES datasets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://github.com/lizadams/equates_benchmark"&gt;Link to EQUATES tutorial and sample run scripts for running CMAQ with EQUATES input data&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Publication on EQUATES US emissions: &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109022"&gt;Foley et al. (2023)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/13eKW0nDBPzs0X2HiQ0qgzzsQ7iv4HvWo/view?usp=drive_link"&gt;Technical Support Document for EQUATES Northern Hemisphere emissions &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Please direct questions about the EQUATES datasets to the &lt;a href="https://forum.cmascenter.org/t/about-the-equates-category/2723"&gt;CMAS User Forum EQUATES category&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;
description: &lt;h2&gt;File Location and Download Instructions on AWS Open Data Program:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://cmas-equates.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html"&gt;EQUATES Data on Open Data Program&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://cmas-equates.s3.amazonaws.com/EQUATES_Data_Dictionary_for_CMAS_Data_Warehouses.html"&gt;EQUATES Data Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://cmas-equates.s3.amazonaws.com/readme.html"&gt;Instructions to download data from AWS Open Data Program&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
description: &lt;h2&gt;Simulation Settings and Inputs:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Meteorology Inputs for 108NHEMI and 12US1 CMAQ Simulations&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Model: Weather Research Forecast model, version 4.1.1 (WRF v4.1.1) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Land Cover: 500m MODIS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Sea surface temperature data (12US1 only): NAM SST &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Wind data (12US1 only): VAD &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data assimilation analysis fields for 108NHEM: GFS 1 degree data for 2002-2019 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data assimilation analysis fields for 12US1: 40km AWIP for 2002-2005; 12km NAM for 2006-2019 with ERA data used when NAM data was missing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;WRF v4.1.1 options: Morrison Microphysics; RRTMG longwave and shortwave radiation; Pleim Surface Layer; Pleim-Xiu Land-Surface model; ACM2 Boundary layer mixing; Kain-Fritsch + Ma and Tan (2009) trigger 2 (KF2) for sub-grid convection scheme; 3-D grid nudging (GRID_FDDA) and indirect soil nudging (pxlsm_soil_nudge); no lightning assimilation &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; WRF post-processing: Meteorology-Chemistry Input Processor (MCIP)
v5.0.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Emissions Inputs for 108NHEMI CMAQ Simulation&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;US Anthropogenic emissions: EQUATES 12km emissions gridded for the 108 km domain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-US Anthropogenic emissions: 2010 HTAP with country/sector/year scaling factors based on CEDS data used to create emissions for 2002-2009 and 2011-2014. 
 2015-2017 emissions created using CEDS scaling factors for 2014 (i.e., emissions trends are flat for 2014-2017). Emissions for 2018 and 2019 were developed at a later date and are based on 2010 HTAP with country/sector/year scaling factors based on &lt;a href= "https://github.com/JGCRI/CEDS"&gt;CEDS version 2021 04 21 &lt;/a&gt;. Emissions supplemented with Canada emissions from &lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4883639"&gt;Environment and Climate Change Canada&lt;/a&gt; and China emissions from &lt;a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/115/49/12401"&gt;Zhao et al. (2018)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lightning NO: GEIA based monthly climatology using vertical profiles applied by season and latitude&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fire emissions: SMARTFIRE2 and BlueSky Pipeline (U.S.) and FINNv1.5 (non-U.S.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Biogenic VOC: Hourly CAMSv2.1 data (&lt;a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/9317/2014/"&gt;Sindelarova et al.&lt;/a&gt;; extension of Megan2.1) for 2002-2019 based on monthly mean values with diurnal scaling factors &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Soil NO: Hourly CAMSv2.1 data (&lt;a href="https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/25_CAMS81_2017SC1_D81.3.6.1-201810_APPROVED_Ver1.pdf"&gt;CAMS_D81.3.8.2&lt;/a&gt;; extension of Yienger and Levy (1995)) for 2002-2019 based on monthly mean values and diurnal scaling factors &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;CMAQ Model for Northern Hemisphere Domain (108NHEMI)&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Model version: 5.3.2.1 (v5.3.2 with some bugfixes later released in version 5.3.3 and modifications to halogen chemistry and O3-PV scaling) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No bi-directional NH3 air-surface exchange&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;STAGE module for dry deposition&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Online windblown dust module turned on &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Chemical mechanism: CB6R3M_AE7_KMTBR&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aerosol module: aero7&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Domain: Northern Hemisphere using a 108 km grid size and Polar Stereographic projection assuming a spherical earth with radius 6370.0 km.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vertical Resolution: 44 layers from the surface to the top of the free troposphere&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;The CMAQ build directory with the source code used to run CMAQv5.3.2.1 on the Northern Hemisphere domain is included with this Dataverse entry. &lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;Emissions Inputs for 12US1 CMAQ Simulation&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Anthropogenic emissions: The EQUATES base year emissions are from the 2017 NEI. For each sector in the 2017 NEI one of four approaches was applied to estimate emissions for the entire 2002-2019 time period: (1) Develop new methods for creating consistent emissions for all years (2) Use 2016 or 2017 model platform emissions and create scaling factors based on activity data and/or emission control information (3) Use existing modeling platform data for earlier years (2002-2015) (4) 
Leave emissions flat at 2017 NEI levels.
See &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109022"&gt;Foley et al. (2023)&lt;/a&gt; for information on the emissions modeling methods used for each sector. 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lightning NO: parameterized lightning NO estimated online in CMAQ&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Biogenics: BEIS model run online in CMAQ with BELD5 land use data &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Boundary Condition Inputs for 12US1 CMAQ Simulation&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hourly values from CMAQv5.3.2.1 simulation over the Northern Hemisphere&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;CMAQ Model for Continental US Domain (12US1) &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Model version: 5.3.2.1 (v5.3.2 with some bugfixes later released in version 5.3.3)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bi-directional NH3 air-surface exchange: Massad formulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;STAGE module for dry deposition with land use specific deposition velocities included&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Online wind blown dust module not used &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemical mechanism: Carbon Bond 6 version r3 (CB6r3)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aerosol module: aero7&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Domain: Continental U.S. using a 12 km grid size and a Lambert Conformal projection assuming a spherical earth with radius 6370.0 km.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vertical Resolution: 35 layers from the surface to the top of the free troposphere with layer 1 nominally 19 m tall.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;The build directory with the source code used to run CMAQv5.3.2.1 on the US domain is included with this Dataverse entry. The v5.3.2.1 source code is also available on &lt;a href="https://github.com/lizadams/CMAQ/tree/5.3.2.1"&gt;the EQUATES CMAQv5.3.2.1 GitHub repo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt; See the 12US1 EQUATES &lt;a href="https://github.com/lizadams/EQUATES_Benchmark"&gt;sample build and run scripts&lt;/a&gt; for additional model settings. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
description: EQUATES Project Members: Kristen Foley (US EPA), George Pouliot (US EPA), Wyat Appel (US EPA), Christian Hogrefe (US EPA), Alison Eyth (US EPA), Norm Possiel (US EPA), Liz Adams (CMAS), Michael Aldridge (US EPA), Chris Allen (GDIT), Jesse Bash (US EPA), Megan Beardsley (US EPA), James Beidler (GDIT), Sarah Benish (US EPA), David Choi (US EPA), Brian Eder (US EPA), Caroline Farkas (US EPA), Rob Gilliam (US EPA), Janice Godfrey (US EPA), Barron Henderson (US EPA), Shannon Koplitz (US EPA), Rich Mason (US EPA), Rohit Mathur (US EPA), Chris Misenis (US EPA), Havala Pye (US EPA), Lara Reynolds (GDIT), Matthew Roark (GDIT), Sarah Roberts (US EPA), Donna Schwede (US EPA), Karl Seltzer (US EPA), Darrell Sonntag (US EPA), Kevin Talgo (GDIT), Claudia Toro (US EPA), Jeff Vukovich (US EPA)