DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzvw
title: Oregon hydrologic area agricultural field boundaries and field level and hydrologic unit water-use data

description: The data was developed for the USGS Water-Use and Data Research program
 grant opportunities G20AS00053 and G21AS00258, combined with fundnig from
 Oregon Water Resources Department to improve estimates of water use from
 irrigated lands in Oregon. These data contain attributes of irrigation
 status, irrigation source type, crop type, irrigation method, assumed
 irrigation efficiency, irrigation water source, evapotranspiration (ET)
 data from OpenET, and effective precipitation developed using the USBR ET
 Demands model. Thee data were aggregated in order to further the
 development of estimates of applied water at the field-scale.NOTICE: This
 dataset is superseded by an expanded and updated release and report, “Crop
 Evapotranspiration, Consumptive Use, and Open-Water Evaporation for
 Oregon” (Huntington et al., 2025). Please download and cite the new
 version hosted at https://www.dri.edu/project/owrd-et/. This
 record is retained for transparency but should not be used for new
 analyses.
description: A single set of draft field boundaries for all agricultural lands
 were developed to represent the maximum extent of irrigated lands from
 1985-2020 (digitized at the 1:5,000 scale). The approach used for this
 task was relatively straight forward yet time consuming and required
 careful attention to detail to avoid numerous potential pitfalls.
 Agricultural field boundaries were developed within a GIS system by
 modifying existing 2007 USDA Common Land Unit (CLU) data, OWRD drawn field
 boundaries (e.g., Malheur Lake Basin) and developing field boundaries from
 scratch where needed. This entailed: 1) using Common Land Unit (CLU) as-is
 where the quality and representativeness of the linework was deemed
 suitable; 2) modifying the CLU data to eliminate duplicates, overlaps, and
 slivers within the linework, and make representative of maximum
 agricultural extent; 3) manually digitizing new field boundaries where
 they do not currently exist; and 4) QAQC all results.
 Crop type and irrigation status rasters and field-level summaries
 were derived from the USDA Cropland Data Layer (CDL) (USDA, 2019) and the
 open-source IrrMapper model (Ketchum et al., 2020). IrrMapper uses a
 Random Forest (RF) modeling approach to predict four land classes of
 irrigated agriculture, dryland agriculture, uncultivated lands, and
 wetlands at an annual time step, and at 30 m spatial resolution across the
 Western U.S. IrrMapper was used in this project to produce rasters of
 these classes for 2016-2022. For the attribution of agricultural field
 boundaries, the native IrrMapper values were aggregated into 2
 classifications; a value of ‘1’ representing irrigated conditions and ‘0’
 representing non-irrigated conditions. For each year, mapped field
 polygons were included in HUC-12 ET and irrigated acreage summaries if the
 irrigation status value was greater than 0.4 (40% of IrrMapper pixels in
 polygon are classified as irrigated). Crop type classification was based
 on the mode (i.e., majority) of CDL crop type pixels contained by the
 individual field geometry. Irrigation system type was
 determined based on available data including OWRD place of use, water
 right, and water source information, high-resolution aerial images, and
 expert knowledge of agricultural practices in Oregon. The primary sources
 of imagery used for irrigation system type attribution was sourced from
 OSIP acquired in 2017 and 2018 at ~0.3m (1 ft pixel resolution) (State of
 Oregon: Oregon Geospatial Enterprise Office - Oregon Statewide Imagery
 Program, n.d.) and the 2020 series of aerial imagery from the National
 Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) (National Agriculture Imagery Program
 (NAIP), 2019) acquired at 60 cm (2 ft pixel resolution). Fields were
 attributed using the following irrigation system types: 0 - Developed/No
 longer irrigated; 1 - Sprinkler-Pivot-Linear; 2 - Sprinkler-Other (Wheel
 Line, Hand Line, Solid Set, Big Gun, Travelling Gun, Pods); 3 -
 Flood-Uncontrolled (Wild Flood) and No Apparent Irrigation Equipment; 4 -
 Flood-Controlled (Land Leveling, Borders, Basins, Furrows); 5 - Micro
 (Micro Sprinklers, Drip Lines, Subsurface Drip). An
 irrigation efficiency value, assumed to represent the ratio of ET of
 applied water divided by the total applied water, was assigned to each
 agricultural field based on the system type attribute. Average values of
 irrigation efficiency for each system type category were based on values
 in the Washington Department of Ecology Report “Determining Irrigation
 Efficiency and Consumptive Use” (Washington State Department of Ecology,
 2005). Fields digitized by the DRI team were attributed
 by OWRD staff with one of the following irrigation source types:
 groundwater irrigated (GW), surface water irrigated (SW), or a combination
 of groundwater and surface water (GW&SW). The geometries
 represented in the shapefile are attributed using the following
 categories: 1 =GW irrigated, 2 = SW irrigated, and 3 =
 Combination. Estimates of irrigation application rates
 were developed using spatially averaged field-scale OpenET ensemble ET
 estimates, effective precipitation developed from ET Demands, and
 irrigation efficiency attributes collected by OWRD. Application rates were
 estimated as: Application Rate = (ET – effective precipitation) /
 irrigation efficiency)  This approach
 resulted in many timesteps where effective precipitation was greater than
 ET, which resulted in negative Net ET. This negative Net ET was
 interpreted as a surplus of water contained within the represented unit of
 soil. As vegetation response lags irrigation activity, it is a certainty
 that irrigation or precipitation events occur during one calendar month,
 with a corresponding increase in ET and vegetation vigor observed in the
 following month. To account for this asynchronous relationship, negative
 Net ET was carried over to the following calendar month. This carry-over
 was repeated until positive Net ET values accounted for the surplus water
 condition. The applied water calculation was initialized using data
 developed prior to the 2016 water year, therefore all data associated with
 2016 is considered valid.<br><br>
 Citations: Beamer, J., & Hoskinson, M.
 (2021). <em>Historical Irrigation Water Use and Groundwater Pumpage
 Estimates in the Harney Basin, Oregon, 1991-2018</em>. State of
 Oregon Water Resources Department. Bromley, M.; Minor,
 B. A.; Pearson, C.; Beamer, J.; Dunkerly, C. W.; Ott, T.; Huntington, J.
 L.; Hoskinson, M. (2023). <em>Evapotranspiration, Net Irrigation
 Water Requirements, and Reservoir Evaporation Estimates for
 Oregon</em>. Desert Research Institute – Draft report prepared for
 Oregon Water Resources Department.<br><br>Huntington, J.,
 Minor, B., Bromley, M., Pearson, C., Beamer, J., Ingwersen, K., Carrara,
 K., Atkin, J., Brito, J., Morton, C., Dunkerly, C., Volk, J., Ott, T.,
 ReVelle, P., Fellows, A., and Hoskinson, M. (2025). Crop
 evapotranspiration, consumptive use, and open water evaporation for
 Oregon. Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute report
 41306, 94 p., 10 appendices. Melton, F. S., Huntington,
 J. L., Grimm, R., Herring, J., Rollison, D., Erickson, T., Allen, R.,
 Anderson, M., Fisher, J. B., Kilic, A., Senay, G. B., Volk, J., Hain, C.,
 Johnson, L., Ruhoff, A., Blankenau, P., Bromley, M., Carrara, W., Daudert,
 B., Doherty, C., Dunkerly, C., Friedrichs, M., Guzman, A., Halverson, G.,
 Hansen, J., Harding, J., Kang, Y., Ketchum, D., Minor, B., Morton, C.,
 Ortega-Salazar, S., Ott, T., Ozdogan, M., ReVelle, P. M., Schull, M.,
 Wang, C., Yang, Y., & Anderson, R. G. (2021). OpenET: Filling a
 critical data gap in water management for the western United States.
 <em>JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources
 Association</em>, 58(6): 971-994. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12956 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). (2020). [Data set]. DOI/USGS/EROS. https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip State of Oregon: Oregon Geospatial Enterprise Office - Oregon Statewide Imagery Program. (n.d.). https://www.oregon.gov/geo/Pages/imagery.aspx USDA NRCS. (1993). Part 623 National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 2, Irrigation Water Requirements. Washington State Department of Ecology, 2005, Determining Irrigation Efficiency and Consumptive Use: Washington State Department of Ecology GUID-1210.
description: # Oregon Statewide ET OpenET Field Boundary and HUC Watershed Geodatabases
 Processing Blake Minor - DRI 12/22/23 The Oregon Statewide
 Evapotranspiration (ET) field boundary file
 ("Oregon_WUDR_II_DataPackage_Field_Scale.zip") and HUC file
 geodatabase ("Oregon_WUDR_II_DataPackage_HUC_Summary.zip")
 contains results of the Phase I and II of the USGS Water-Use and Data
 Research (WUDR) projects for the state of Oregon. These files contains
 summaries of ET, effective precipitation, net ET, and additional
 variables/attributes for the 2016-2022 time period on a per-field and per
 HUC-8 and HUC-12 basis. Elements of the field level geodatabase include
 the field boundary feature class, annual summary table CSV's, and
 relationship classes to relate the table records to the feature class
 dataset. The HUC file geodatabase contains two feature classes, with one
 of them being the HUC-8 summaries and the other being the HUC-12
 summaries. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and the Python Application
 Programming Interface (API) were used to generate the OpenET field
 boundary and HUC summary tables with the following processing steps: 1\)
 Upload the Oregon field boundary dataset
 (Oregon_Hyd_Area_Ag_Boundaries_20231020.shp) to GEE that contains unique
 field ID's, acreages, annual crop type information (2016-2021, CDL),
 irrigation type, irrigation efficiencies, HUC-8 and HUC-12 attributes,
 OWRD basin number, and gridMET cell ID. 2\) Compute spatial averages of
 the OpenET ensemble monthly ET rate, bias-corrected gridMET reference ET
 (ETo) rate, fraction of reference ET (EToF), and total gridMET
 precipitation rate from 2016-2022 at the Nov-Oct time step. 3\) Compute
 the percent of the total field boundary area (pixel area) that is
 classified as being irrigated by the IrrMapper Irrigated Lands dataset
 () to determine annual
 irrigation status (Note: for HUC-8 and HUC-12 summaries, fields were
 included only if &gt;40% of the pixel area was classified as irrigated for
 a given year). 4\) Pair the OpenET field boundary summaries from the
 previous steps with monthly crop-specific potential ET (ETc), effecive
 precipitation (Prz), and net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) estimates
 from the ET Demands Model using the field's annual crop type and
 corresponding ET Demands classification. 5\) Compute the spatial average
 of the monthly EToF climatologies from 2016-2021 for gap-filling in step
 7. 6\) Linearly interpolate monthly EToF for non-consecutive (i.e.,
 isolated) months of missing data. 7\) Use the field's EToF
 climatology to gap-fill consecutive months of missing data. 8\) Multiply
 gap-filled monthly EToF by the corresponding monthly ETo to compute actual
 ET for the missing months of data. 9\) Multiply the field boundary acreage
 by the spatially averaged monthly ET, ETo, precipitation, Prz, ETc, and
 NIWR rates to compute volumes. 10\) Calculate applied water volumes using
 the water surplus (when monthly Net ET is negative), carrying forward
 water surplus each month (i.e., cumulative water surplus), and field
 irrigation efficiencies (applied water = (Net ET + cumulative water
 surplus from previous month) / efficiency) 11\) Sum all field-level
 monthly ET, ETo, precipitation, Prz, ETc, and NIWR volumes within each
 HUC-8 and HUC-12 boundary and filter out non-irrigated fields using the
 &gt;40% field area classified as being irrigated threshold. 12\) Subtract
 the Prz volume from the ET volume to compute the total net ET volume for
 the aggregation level. ## Output File Formats are as follows: ### Field
 Boundary Feature Class Columns
 (Oregon\_Hyd\_Area\_Ag\_Boundaries\_20231020) OPENET_ID - Unique ID
 assigned to each field SOURCECODE - Organization (DRI) MGRS_TILE -
 Military Grid Reference System Tile OWRD - OWRD admin basin number
 HUC8_name - HUC-8 name HUC8 - HUC8 Acres - Field boundary acreage ITYPE -
 Irrigation system type number (0-5) IRR_EFF - Irrigation efficiency
 CROP_[YEAR] - Cropland data layer (CDL) classification for the given year
 srctype - Irrigation source type ### Field Boundary Annual Summary Tables
 (e.g.,
 or\_openet\_ensemble\_etdemands\_monthly\_water\_year\_shift\_1mo\_2016\_final) OPENET_ID - Unique ID assigned to each field HUC8_name - HUC-8 name HUC8 - HUC-8 number HUC12_name - HUC-12 name HUC12 - HUC-12 number ACRES_FTR_GEOM_[YEAR] - Total field boundary acreage ACRES_ALL_[YEAR] - Total field boundary acreage ACRES_IRRIGATED_[YEAR] - Irrigated acreage based on IrrMapper %*IRRIGATED*[YEAR] - Percent of total area that is irrigated CROP_[YEAR] - CDL classification ETD_[YEAR] - ET Demands Model classification ET_Fraction_[MONTH]_[YEAR] - monthly fraction of reference ET ETa_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - OpenET ensemble monthly actual ET rate in inches ETDa_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - ET Demands monthly crop-specific potential ET rate in inches ET_Reference_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - Bias-corrected gridMET monthly grass reference ET in inches PPT_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - GridMET monthly total precipitation rate in inches Peft_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - ET Demands monthly effective precipitation (Peft, available for transpiration only) rate in inches Prz_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - ET Demands monthly effective precipitation (Prz, available for both evaporation and transpiration) rate in inches NIWR_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_in - ET Demands monthly net irrigation water requirement rate in inches ET_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - OpenET ensemble monthly actual ET volume in acre feet ETDa_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - ET Demands monthly crop-specific potential ET volume in acre feet ETO_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - Bias-corrected gridMET monthly grass reference ET volume in acre feet PPT_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - GridMET monthly total precipitation volume in acre feet EFF_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - ET Demands monthly Prz volume in acre feet IRR_CU_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - Monthly net ET volume in acre feet (OpenET ensemble actual ET volume minus ET Demands Prz volume) NIWR_VOLUME_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - ET Demands monthly net irrigation water requirement volume in acre feet IRRIGATION_EFFICIENCY - Irrigation efficiency as a decimal value out of 1. 0 means no irrigation efficiency was attributed and applied water calcs are not made WS_C_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - Cumulative water surplus volume (when net ET is negative and we carry forward any surplus forward month AW_[MONTH]_[YEAR]_acft - Applied water volume calculated as the sum of the net ET and cumulative water surplus, divided by irrigation efficiency ### HUC-8 Summary Table (all years Nov-Oct totals, or\_openet\_huc8\_summaries\_irrigated) HUC8 (huc8_1 or huc_str) - HUC-8 code HUC8_name - HUC-8 name ACRES_[YEAR] - Total irrigated acreage for the given year EFF_[YEAR] - Effective precipitation (Prz) volume for the given year in acre-feet ET_[YEAR] - Actual ET volume for the given year in acre-feet IRR_CU_[YEAR] - Net ET (consumptive use from irrigation, ET less Prz) volume for the given year in acre-feet PPT_[YEAR] - Total gridMET precipitation volume for the given year in acre-feet areaacres - HUC-8 geometry area in acres areasqkm - HUC-8 geometry area in square kilometers loaddate - Upload date states - List of state abbreviations in which the HUC-8 boundary is located tnmid - Unique gnis ID of the HUC-8 feature Shape_Length - HUC-8 geometry length Shape_Area - HUC-8 geometry area ### HUC-12 Summary Table (all years Nov-Oct totals, or\_openet\_huc12\_summaries\_irrigated) HUC12 (huc12_1 or huc_str) - HUC-12 code HUC12_name - HUC-12 name ACRES_[YEAR] - Total irrigated acreage for the given year EFF_[YEAR] - Effective precipitation (Prz) volume for the given year in acre-feet ET_[YEAR] - Actual ET volume for the given year in acre-feet IRR_CU_[YEAR] - Net ET (consumptive use from irrigation, ET less Prz) volume for the given year in acre-feet PPT_[YEAR] - Total gridMET precipitation volume for the given year in acre-feet areaacres - HUC-12 geometry area in acres areasqkm - HUC-12 geometry area in square kilometers loaddate - Upload date states - List of state abbreviations in which the HUC-12 boundary is located tnmid - Unique gnis ID of the HUC-12 feature Shape_Length - HUC-12 geometry length Shape_Area - HUC-12 geometry area