cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26615336.v1
title: Four new species of <i>Candolleomyces</i> (Psathyrellaceae) from the Punjab Plains, Pakistan

description: The purpose of this study is to explore the genus <i>Candolleomyces</i> from Pakistan. Fungal surveys were conducted in different sites of the Punjab plains during the 2016–2022 period. Several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected. Traditional morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the species in genus <i>Candolleomyces</i>. The phylogenetic study of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rRNA regions confirmed the distinct positions of four new taxa, <i>Candolleomyces iqbalii, C. kotadduensis, C. pakistanicus</i>, and <i>C. parvipileus</i>, in the genus. Currently, the genus consists of 43 species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these four species, the total number has risen to 47. Detailed descriptions, phylogeny, comparisons, and illustrations are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26781939
title: <i>Peziza nivalis</i> and relatives—spring fungi of wide distribution

description: Several members of the genus <i>Peziza</i> sensu stricto occur at the edge of melting snow. These nivicolous species have been widely reported in the Northern Hemisphere and are also known from Australia and New Zealand. We have used 16 specimens from North America and Australia to study morphology and to perform DNA sequencing. In sequence analyses, we have used ITS1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacers), 28S, <i>RPB2</i> (RNA polymerase II gene), and two genes new to these studies, <i>GAPDH</i> (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and <i>HSP90</i> (heat shock protein 90). Although not all regions are available for all samples, we have recognized the following species: <i>Peziza heimii, P. nivalis</i>, and <i>P. nivis</i>. Phylogenetic analyses were done using ITS alone; combined ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 28S, and <i>RPB2</i>; ITS, and 28S, <i>RPB2, GAPDH</i>, and <i>HSP90</i>. Even with this augmented set of genes and despite their widespread occurrence in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, we have not definitively distinguished species within this group. To assess these results, pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) analysis was employed. This showed evidence of recombination among the samples of <i>P. nivalis</i> and further supports the view of <i>P. nivalis</i> as a monophyletic cosmopolitan species. As part of this study, we also examined the variation in ITS copies in <i>P. echinospora</i>, for which a genome is available.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26781939.v1
title: <i>Peziza nivalis</i> and relatives—spring fungi of wide distribution

description: Several members of the genus <i>Peziza</i> sensu stricto occur at the edge of melting snow. These nivicolous species have been widely reported in the Northern Hemisphere and are also known from Australia and New Zealand. We have used 16 specimens from North America and Australia to study morphology and to perform DNA sequencing. In sequence analyses, we have used ITS1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacers), 28S, <i>RPB2</i> (RNA polymerase II gene), and two genes new to these studies, <i>GAPDH</i> (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and <i>HSP90</i> (heat shock protein 90). Although not all regions are available for all samples, we have recognized the following species: <i>Peziza heimii, P. nivalis</i>, and <i>P. nivis</i>. Phylogenetic analyses were done using ITS alone; combined ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 28S, and <i>RPB2</i>; ITS, and 28S, <i>RPB2, GAPDH</i>, and <i>HSP90</i>. Even with this augmented set of genes and despite their widespread occurrence in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, we have not definitively distinguished species within this group. To assess these results, pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) analysis was employed. This showed evidence of recombination among the samples of <i>P. nivalis</i> and further supports the view of <i>P. nivalis</i> as a monophyletic cosmopolitan species. As part of this study, we also examined the variation in ITS copies in <i>P. echinospora</i>, for which a genome is available.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27391804.v1
title: <i>Tuber cumberlandense and T. canirevelatum</i>, two new edible <i>Tuber</i> species from eastern North America discovered by truffle-hunting dogs

description: Ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus <i>Tuber</i> form hypogeous fruiting bodies called truffles. Many <i>Tuber</i> species are highly prized due to their edible and aromatic ascomata. Historically, there has been attention on cultivating and selling European truffle species, but there is growing interest in cultivating, wild-harvesting, and selling species of truffles endemic to North America. North America has many endemic <i>Tuber</i> species that remain undescribed, including some that have favorable culinary qualities. Here, we describe two such <i>Tuber</i> species from eastern North America. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of ITS (internal transcribed spacer), <i>tef1</i> (translation elongation factor 1-alpha), and <i>rpb2</i> (second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) sequences were used to place these species within a phylogenetic context. We coupled these data with morphological analyses and volatile analyses based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. <i>Tuber cumberlandense</i>, sp. nov. (previously referred to as <i>Tuber</i> sp. 66), is a member of the Rufum clade that has been opportunistically harvested for commercial sale from <i>T. melanosporum</i> orchards across eastern North America. <i>Tuber canirevelatum</i>, sp. nov. belongs in the Macrosporum clade and thus far is only known from eastern Tennessee, USA. Both new species were discovered with the assistance of trained truffle dogs. The volatile profiles of <i>T. canirevelatum</i> and <i>T. cumberlandense</i> were measured in order to characterize aromas based on the chemical compounds produced by these fungi. Ascomata from both species were enriched in acetone, dimethyl sulfide, 1-(methylthio)-1-propene, and 1-(methylthio)propane. In this work, we celebrate and encourage the use of trained truffle-hunting dogs for fungal biodiversity discovery and research.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26824214
title: Reappraisal of <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> causing white tip disease of Canada thistle as a new species, <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov., and bioactivity of its major metabolites

description: Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> (syn. <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as <i>D. macrostoma</i>. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>rpb2</i>), and partial β-tubulin gene (<i>tub2</i>) has differentiated the WTD isolates from <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>D. macrostoma</i> isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type <i>D. baileyae</i> isolate VIZR 1.53 to <i>C. arvense</i> seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of <i>D. baileyae</i>, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to <i>C. arvense</i> leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of <i>C. arvense</i> showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of <i>D. baileyae</i> may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26824214.v1
title: Reappraisal of <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> causing white tip disease of Canada thistle as a new species, <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov., and bioactivity of its major metabolites

description: Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> (syn. <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as <i>D. macrostoma</i>. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>rpb2</i>), and partial β-tubulin gene (<i>tub2</i>) has differentiated the WTD isolates from <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>D. macrostoma</i> isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type <i>D. baileyae</i> isolate VIZR 1.53 to <i>C. arvense</i> seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of <i>D. baileyae</i>, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to <i>C. arvense</i> leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of <i>C. arvense</i> showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of <i>D. baileyae</i> may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26874011
title: Community structure and assembly of myxomycetes in northern Chinese forests under geographic barriers

description: The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. <i>Arcyria pomiformis</i> and <i>Comatricha elegans</i> were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26874011.v1
title: Community structure and assembly of myxomycetes in northern Chinese forests under geographic barriers

description: The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. <i>Arcyria pomiformis</i> and <i>Comatricha elegans</i> were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27260815.v1
title: <i>Laetiporus</i> (Laetiporaceae, Basidiomycota) in tropical Africa is represented by a single Afromontane lineage and four species, including <i>Laetiporus discolor, Laetiporus oboensis</i>, sp. nov., <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i>, sp. nov., and <i>Laetiporus</i> sp. 1

description: The tropical African <i>Laetiporus</i> species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. <i>Laetiporus discolor</i>, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> and <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3–4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4–5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26663042
title: Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of <i>Chlorosplenium</i> and improve understanding of species distributions

description: <i>Chlorosplenium</i> is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species—<i>C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum</i>, and <i>C. hawaiiense</i>—based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A–B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>) gene is presented. Additionally, we report <i>Chlorosplenium chlora</i> from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26663042.v2
title: Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of <i>Chlorosplenium</i> and improve understanding of species distributions

description: <i>Chlorosplenium</i> is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species—<i>C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum</i>, and <i>C. hawaiiense</i>—based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A–B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>) gene is presented. Additionally, we report <i>Chlorosplenium chlora</i> from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27260813
title: A new species of true morel from Switzerland: <i>Morchella helvetica</i>, sp. nov

description: <i>Morchella helvetica</i>, sp. nov. (<i>Morchella</i> sect. <i>Distantes</i>) is a new species of true morels discovered in Switzerland. It is formally described in the present study using an integrative approach based on micro- and macromorphological characteristics, multilocus phylogenetics, and a brief description of its habitat. Molecular analyses clearly indicated that <i>Morchella helvetica</i> is a sister species to <i>M. eximioides, M. angusticeps</i>, and <i>M. confusa</i>. It can be distinguished by the two phylogenetic markers RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (<i>RPB2</i>) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha <i>(TEF1-α</i>). In addition, <i>M. helvetica</i> exhibits particular morphological features, notably the presence of pale hairs on the pileus, a mealy stipe, and darkening ridges when aging.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27260813.v1
title: A new species of true morel from Switzerland: <i>Morchella helvetica</i>, sp. nov

description: <i>Morchella helvetica</i>, sp. nov. (<i>Morchella</i> sect. <i>Distantes</i>) is a new species of true morels discovered in Switzerland. It is formally described in the present study using an integrative approach based on micro- and macromorphological characteristics, multilocus phylogenetics, and a brief description of its habitat. Molecular analyses clearly indicated that <i>Morchella helvetica</i> is a sister species to <i>M. eximioides, M. angusticeps</i>, and <i>M. confusa</i>. It can be distinguished by the two phylogenetic markers RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (<i>RPB2</i>) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha <i>(TEF1-α</i>). In addition, <i>M. helvetica</i> exhibits particular morphological features, notably the presence of pale hairs on the pileus, a mealy stipe, and darkening ridges when aging.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27260815
title: <i>Laetiporus</i> (Laetiporaceae, Basidiomycota) in tropical Africa is represented by a single Afromontane lineage and four species, including <i>Laetiporus discolor, Laetiporus oboensis</i>, sp. nov., <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i>, sp. nov., and <i>Laetiporus</i> sp. 1

description: The tropical African <i>Laetiporus</i> species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. <i>Laetiporus discolor</i>, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> and <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3–4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4–5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26663042.v1
title: Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of <i>Chlorosplenium</i> and improve understanding of species distributions

description: <i>Chlorosplenium</i> is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species—<i>C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum</i>, and <i>C. hawaiiense</i>—based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A–B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>) gene is presented. Additionally, we report <i>Chlorosplenium chlora</i> from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.