DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pf68071
title: Data from: Multi-scalar drivers of biodiversity: local management mediates wild bee community response to regional urbanization

description: It is critical to understand the specific drivers of biodiversity across
 multiple spatial scales, especially within rapidly urbanizing areas, given
 the distinct management recommendations that may result at each scale.
 However, drivers of biodiversity patterns and interactions between drivers
 are often only measured and modeled at a single scale. In this study, we
 assessed bee community composition at three time periods in 20 grassland
 and 20 agriculture sites located across two major metroplexes. We examined
 how local environmental variables and surrounding landscape composition
 impact bee abundance, richness, and evenness, including comparisons
 between groups with different nesting strategies and body sizes. We
 collected nearly 13,000 specimens and identified 172 species. We found
 that levels of regional land-use differentially impacted bee abundance and
 diversity depending on local habitat management. Specifically, within
 agriculture sites, bee richness was greater with increasing
 landscape-level semi-natural habitat, while in grassland sites, bee
 richness was similar across landscapes regardless of semi-natural habitat
 cover. Bee evenness at both site types declined with increasing
 landscape-level habitat heterogeneity, due to an increase of rare species
 at the grassland sites, but not in the agricultural sites; further
 indicating that diversity is driven by the interaction of local habitat
 quality and landscape-level habitat composition. We additionally found
 that agriculture sites supported higher abundances, but not richness, of
 small-bodied and below-ground nesting bees, while grassland sites
 supported higher abundances of above-ground nesting bees, and higher
 richness of large-bodied species. Increased levels of local bare ground
 were significantly related to multiple metrics of bee diversity, including
 greater below-ground nesting bee abundance and richness. Local floral
 richness was also significantly related to increases of overall bee
 abundance, as well as the abundance and richness of small bees. Overall,
 we suggest that local land managers can support bee abundance and
 diversity by conserving areas of bare soil and promoting native floral
 diversity, the latter especially critical in highly urban agricultural
 spaces. Our results provide the first documentation of significant
 interactions between local habitat management and landscape composition
 impacting insect communities in urban systems, indicating that bee
 conservation practices depend critically on land-use interactions across
 multiple spatial scales.
description: Local and Landscape Site
 informationSite-level ground cover
 and landscape composition data. Local variables: columns 4-8, landscape
 variables 9-13.Site and Landscape
 Dryad.csvIndividual Bee
 DataSampling data for all
 bees collected, including location, date collected, trap type, species,
 and sexBee
 Table Dryad_010119.csvFloral Count and Species
 DataLocal floral cover data.
 Total number of inflorescences per species counted within 30 1-m2 quadrats
 within a 50 m2 plot at each site and sampling date. Column names use USDA
 plant codes to designate each species. X's indicate
 morphospecies.Floral Data
 Dryad.csv