cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f13r4
title: Data from: An African grassland responds similarly to long-term fertilization to the Park Grass experiment

description: We compared the results of a long-term (65 years) experiment in a South
 African grassland with the world’s longest-running ecological experiment,
 the Park Grass study at Rothamsted, U.K. The climate is warm and humid in
 South Africa and cool and temperate in England. The African grassland has
 been fertilized with two forms of nitrogen applied at four levels,
 phosphorus and lime in a crossed design in 96 plots. In 1951, about 84% of
 plant cover consisted of Themeda triandra, Tristachya leucothrix and
 Setaria nigrirostris. Currently, the dominant species are Panicum maximum,
 Setaria sphacelata and Eragrostis curvula, making up 71% of total biomass.
 As in the Park Grass experiment, we found a significant (additive)
 interaction effect on ANPP of nitrogen and phosphorus, and a (marginally
 significant) negative correlation between ANPP and species richness.
 Unlike the Park Grass experiment, there was no correlation between ANPP
 and species richness when pH was included as a covariate. There was also a
 significant negative effect of nitrogen amount and nitrogen form and a
 positive effect of lime on species richness and species diversity. Soil pH
 had an important effect on species richness. Liming was insufficient to
 balance the negative effects on species richness of nitrogen
 fertilization. There was a significant effect of pH on biomass of three
 abundant species. There were also significant effects of light on the
 biomass of four species, with only Panicum maximum having a negative
 response to light. In all of the abundant species, adding total species
 richness and ANPP to the model increased the amount of variance explained.
 The biomass of Eragrostis curvula and P. maximum were negatively
 correlated with species richness while three other abundant species
 increased with species richness, suggesting that competition and
 facilitation were active. Consistent with the results from the Park Grass
 and other long-term fertilization experiments of grasslands, we found a
 positive effect of soil pH and a negative effect of nitrogen amount on
 species richness, a more acutely negative effect on species richness of
 acidic ammonium sulphate fertilizer than limestone ammonium nitrate, a
 negative relationship between species richness and biomass, and a positive
 effect on species richness of lime interacting with nitrogen.
description: Metadata Ukulinga VFE
 Soil Plants 04 Apr 2017Metadata explaining the
 Excel fileUkulinga VFE Soil Plants
 04 Apr 2017Data file for Ukulinga
 long-term fertilization experimentBest-fit model for
 dominant species 04 Apr 2017AIC models for
 individual dominant species
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r75qr
title: Data from: The path to re-evolve cooperation is constrained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

description: Background. A common form of cooperation in bacteria is based on the
 secretion of beneficial metabolites, shareable as public good among cells
 within a group. Because cooperation can be exploited by
 "cheating" mutants, which contribute less or nothing to the
 public good, there has been great interest in understanding the conditions
 required for cooperation to remain evolutionarily stable. In contrast,
 much less is known about whether cheats, once fixed in the population, are
 able to revert back to cooperation when conditions change. Here, we tackle
 this question by subjecting experimentally evolved cheats of Pseudomonas
 aeruginosa, partly deficient for the production of the iron-scavenging
 public good pyoverdine, to conditions previously shown to favor
 cooperation. Results. Following approximately 200 generations of
 experimental evolution, we screened 720 evolved clones for changes in
 their pyoverdine production levels. We found no evidence for the
 re-evolution of full cooperation, even in environments with increased
 spatial structure, and reduced costs of public good production - two
 conditions that have previously been shown to maintain cooperation. In
 contrast, we observed selection for complete abolishment of pyoverdine
 production. The patterns of complete trait degradation were likely driven
 by "cheating on cheats" in unstructured, iron-limited
 environments where pyoverdine is important for growth, and selection
 against a maladaptive trait in iron-rich environments where pyoverdine is
 superfluous. Conclusions. Our study shows that the path to re-evolve
 public-goods cooperation can be constrained. While a limitation of the
 number of mutational targets potentially leading to reversion might be one
 reason for the observed pattern, an alternative explanation is that the
 selective conditions required for revertants to spread from rare are much
 more stringent than those needed to maintain cooperation.
description: Granato_Kummerli_BMC_EvolBiol_2017Includes raw data for all figures (including supplementary figures).Granato_Kummerli_BMCEvoBiol_2017_RawData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f4k24
title: Data from: Olive oil bioactives protect pigs against experimentally-induced chronic inflammation independently of alterations in gut microbiota

description: Subclinical chronic inflammation (SCI) is associated with impaired animal
 growth. Previous work has demonstrated that olive-derived plant bioactives
 exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that could possibly counteract the
 growth-depressing effects of SCI. To test this hypothesis and define the
 underlying mechanism, we conducted a 30-day study in which piglets fed an
 olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE) and their control counterparts (C+) were
 injected repeatedly during the last 10 days of the study with increasing
 doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce SCI. A third
 group of piglets remained untreated throughout the study and served as a
 negative control (C-). In C+ pigs, SCI increased the circulating
 concentration of interleukin 1 beta (p &lt; 0.001) and decreased feed
 ingestion (p &lt; 0.05) and weight gain (p &lt; 0.05). These
 responses were not observed in OBE animals. Although intestinal
 inflammation and colonic microbial ecology was not altered by treatments,
 OBE enhanced ileal mRNA abundance of tight and adherens junctional
 proteins (p &lt; 0.05) and plasma recovery of mannitol (p &lt;
 0.05) compared with C+ and C-. In line with these findings, OBE improved
 transepithelial electrical resistance (p &lt; 0.01) in
 TNF-α-challenged Caco-2/TC-7 cells, and repressed the production of
 inflammatory cytokines (p &lt; 0.05) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In
 summary, this work demonstrates that OBE attenuates the suppressing effect
 of SCI on animal growth through a mechanism that appears to involve
 improvements in intestinal integrity unrelated to alterations in gut
 microbial ecology and function.
description: S1
 DatasetAccumulated feed
 consumption (kg/pig) and body weight gain (kg) of pigs challenged
 chronically with LPS and fed an olive-oil bioactive extract
 (OBE)S2
 DatasetImmune-inflammatory
 response of pigs and macrophages treated with an olive-oil bioactive
 extract (OBE) and challenged with LPSS5
 DatasetEffect of an olive-oil
 bioactive extract on basal TEER and TNF-α induced decrease in TEER in
 vitro.S6_1
 DatasetGut microbial
 composition and predicted functions in pigs chronically challenged with
 LPS and fed an olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE).S6_2
 DatasetGut microbial
 composition and predicted functions in pigs chronically challenged with
 LPS and fed an olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE).S7
 DatasetCytotoxicity of the
 olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE) in Caco-2/TC-7 and RAW 264.7
 cells.S3
 DatasetRelative concentrations
 of IL1B, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA in ileal mucosa of pigs challenged
 chronically with LPS and fed an olive-oil bioactive extract
 (OBE).S4
 DatasetConcentrations of
 permeability markers in plasma and relative concentrations of CDH1, OCLN,
 and ZO-1 in the ileal mucosa of pigs challenged chronically with LPS and
 fed an olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv6fp83
title: Data from: Acute liver dysfunction after cardiac arrest

description: Few data are available regarding hypoxic hepatitis (HH) and acute liver
 failure (ALF) in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA). The aim
 of this study was to describe the occurrence of these complications and
 their association with outcome. All adult patients admitted to the
 Department of Intensive Care following CA were considered for inclusion in
 this retrospective study. Exclusion criteria were early death (&lt;24
 hours) or missing biological data. We retrieved data concerning CA
 characteristics and markers of liver function. ALF was defined as a
 bilirubin &gt;1.2 mg/dL and an international normalized ratio ≥1.5. HH
 was defined as an aminotransferase level &gt;1000 IU/L. Neurological
 outcome was assessed at 3 months and an unfavourable neurological outcome
 was defined as a Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) score of 3-5. A
 total of 374 patients (age 62 [52-74] years; 242 male) were included. ALF
 developed in 208 patients (56%) and HH in 27 (7%); 24 patients developed
 both conditions. Patients with HH had higher mortality (89% vs. 51% vs.
 45%, respectively) and greater rates of unfavourable neurological outcome
 (93% vs. 60% vs. 59%, respectively) compared to those with ALF without HH
 (n=184) and those without ALF or HH (n=163; p=0.03). Unwitnessed arrest,
 non-shockable initial rhythm, lack of bystander cardiopulmonary
 resuscitation, high adrenaline doses and the development of acute kidney
 injury were independent predictors of unfavourable neurological outcome;
 HH (OR: 16.276 [95% CIs: 2.625 - 81.345; p=0.003), but not ALF, was also a
 significant risk-factor for unfavourable outcome. Although ALF occurs
 frequently after CA, HH is a rare complication. Only HH is significantly
 associated with poor neurological outcome in this setting.
description: Database
 StudyDatabase of the data
 collected for the study that has been anonymizedTable 1
 Enrica.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k5n4k
title: Data from: Presence of a loner strain maintains cooperation and diversity in well-mixed bacterial communities

description: Cooperation and diversity abound in nature despite cooperators risking
 exploitation from defectors and superior competitors displacing weaker
 ones. Understanding the persistence of cooperation and diversity is
 therefore a major problem for evolutionary ecology, especially in the
 context of well-mixed populations, where the potential for exploitation
 and displacement is greatest. Here, we demonstrate that a ‘loner effect’,
 described by economic game theorists, can maintain cooperation and
 diversity in real-world biological settings. We use mathematical models of
 public-good-producing bacteria to show that the presence of a loner
 strain, which produces an independent but relatively inefficient good, can
 lead to rock–paper–scissor dynamics, whereby cooperators outcompete
 loners, defectors outcompete cooperators and loners outcompete defectors.
 These model predictions are supported by our observations of evolutionary
 dynamics in well-mixed experimental communities of the bacterium
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find that the coexistence of cooperators and
 defectors that produce and exploit, respectively, the iron-scavenging
 siderophore pyoverdine, is stabilized by the presence of loners with an
 independent iron-uptake mechanism. Our results establish the loner effect
 as a simple and general driver of cooperation and diversity in
 environments that would otherwise favour defection and the erosion of
 diversity.
description: Fig1Colony forming unit
 counts for strains competing in two-way competitions and corrected
 proportions accounting for the evolution of de novo
 cheats.Fig2Colony forming unit
 counts for a ten day evolution experiment, where proportions of all three
 strain (loner, cooperator, and defector) cycle over
 time.Fig3Colony forming unit
 counts of a 4-strain evolution competition tracking the proportions of
 cooperator, defector, loner, and loner defector strains for five
 days.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jt75b21
title: Data from: Field evidence challenges the often-presumed relationship between early male maturation and female-biased sexual size dimorphism

description: Female‐biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is often considered an
 epiphenomenon of selection for the increased mating opportunities provided
 by early male maturation (i.e., protandry). Empirical evidence of the
 adaptive significance of protandry remains nonetheless fairly scarce. We
 use field data collected throughout the reproductive season of an SSD crab
 spider, Mecaphesa celer, to test two hypotheses: Protandry provides
 fitness benefits to males, leading to female‐biased SSD, or protandry is
 an indirect consequence of selection for small male size/large female
 size. Using field‐collected data, we modeled the probability of mating
 success for females and males according to their timing of maturation. We
 found that males matured earlier than females and the proportion of virgin
 females decreased abruptly early in the season, but unexpectedly increased
 afterward. Timing of female maturation was not related to clutch size, but
 large females tended to have more offspring than small females. Timing of
 female and male maturation was inversely related to size at adulthood, as
 early‐maturing individuals were larger than late‐maturing ones, suggesting
 that both sexes exhibit some plasticity in their developmental
 trajectories. Such plasticity indicates that protandry could co‐occur with
 any degree and direction of SSD. Our calculation of the probability of
 mating success along the season shows multiple male maturation time points
 with similar predicted mating success. This suggests that males follow
 multiple strategies with equal success, trading‐off access to virgin
 females with intensity of male–male competition. Our results challenge
 classic hypotheses linking protandry and female‐biased SSD, and emphasize
 the importance of directly testing the often‐assumed relationships between
 co‐occurring animal traits.
description: Chelini & Hebets
 2017 datasetcsv file containing
 details of all individuals collected throughout the study, including adult
 sizes.Chelini & Hebets 2017
 data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2n24
title: Data from: Beyond size – morphological predictors of bite force in a diverse insectivorous bat assemblage from Malaysia

description: 1. Bite force is used to investigate feeding performance in a variety of
 vertebrates. In all taxa studied, bite force is strongly correlated with
 body and head size. Studies of bite force in bats have largely centred on
 neotropical species with a particular focus on species that maximize
 dietary differences. Little is known about the bite force of bats from the
 Old World tropics, nor of variation in bite force within diverse
 assemblages of obligate insectivores. Moreover, factors other than size
 are poorly known but may be important in driving interspecific differences
 in bite force, and thereby diet. 2. Here, we examine the correlation
 between morphological variation and bite force of 35 species of
 insectivorous bats from a single palaeotropical assemblage. We confirmed
 the overall relationship between size and bite force across species, but
 found that bite force is predicted more strongly by head length than body
 mass or forearm length. 3. From the combined action of jaw muscles and
 muscle-bone mechanisms, bats generate a mechanical advantage that creates
 pressure during biting. We calculated the size-independent mechanical
 advantage for each of five mandible lever systems (three delineated by the
 temporalis muscle and two delineated by the masseter muscle) operating
 through three function points (molar, canine, and incisor).
 Size-independent mechanical advantage of the suprazygomatic portion of the
 temporalis muscle at the molar function point was the only significant
 predictor of size-independent maximum bite force across all species. 4.
 Within families, the size-independent mechanical advantage of the
 superficial portion of the masseter muscle plays a significant role in
 predicting size-independent maximum bite force in both the Rhinolophidae
 and Vespertilionidae. For the family Hipposideridae, however,
 size-independent mechanical advantage showed no role in predicting
 size-independent maximum bite force, suggesting that size really matters
 in predicting the maximum bite force capacity for this family.
description: Bite force and
 morphological measurmentCollected in the
 fieldRaw
 data for bite force.xlsxSpecimens measurments
 for mechanical advantagecollected from museum
 specimensRaw data for
 skull.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ttcj8q
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 60 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "TaxonKey is Heterodon kennerlyi",
 "Year 1960-2026"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 60 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000735-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s6d3k
title: Data from: Heat shock protein expression enhances heat tolerance of reptile and bird embryos

description: The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat tolerance has been
 demonstrated in cultured cells and animal tissues, but rarely in whole
 organisms because of methodological difficulties associated with gene
 manipulation. By comparing HSP70 expression patterns among representative
 species of reptiles and birds, and by determining the effect of HSP70
 overexpression on embryonic development and hatchling traits, we have
 identified the role of HSP70 in the heat tolerance of amniote embryos.
 Consistent with their thermal environment, and high incubation
 temperatures and heat tolerance, the embryos of birds have higher onset
 and maximum temperatures for induced HSP70 than do reptiles, and turtles
 have higher onset and maximum temperatures than do lizards. Interestingly,
 the trade-off between benefits and costs of HSP70 overexpression occurred
 between life-history stages: when turtle embryos developed at extreme high
 temperatures, HSP70 overexpression generated benefits by enhancing embryo
 heat tolerance and hatching success, but subsequently imposed costs by
 decreasing heat tolerance of surviving hatchlings. Taken together, the
 correlative and causal links between HSP70 and heat tolerance provide, to
 our knowledge, the first unequivocal evidence that HSP70 promotes thermal
 tolerance of embryos in oviparous amniotes.
description: fig1fig.2fig2.xlsfig. 3fig3.xlsfig. 4fig 4.xlsxfigS1fig.s3figS3.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4dr37pm
title: Data from: The burden of Hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: a population-based serosurvey

description: Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence is believed to
 be elevated in Punjab, India; however, state-wide prevalence data are not
 available. An understanding of HCV prevalence, risk factors and genotype
 distribution can be used to plan control measures in Punjab. Methods: A
 cross-sectional, state-wide, population-based serosurvey using a
 multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design was conducted October 2013
 to April 2014. Children aged &gt;5 years and adults were eligible to
 participate. Demographic and risk behavior data were collected, and
 serologic specimens were obtained and tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV
 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) on anti-HCV positive samples, and HCV genotype.
 Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios for risk factors were
 calculated from weighted data and stratified by urban/rural residence.
 Results: 5,543 individuals participated in the study with an overall
 weighted anti-HCV prevalence of 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]:
 3.0%-4.2%) and chronic infection (HCV Ribonucleic acid test positive) of
 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0%-3.1%). Anti-HCV was associated with being male
 (adjusted odds ratio 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08-2.14), living in a rural area
 (adjusted odds ratio 2.53; 95% CI: 1.62-3.95) and was most strongly
 associated with those aged 40-49 (adjusted odds ratio 40-49 vs
 19-29-year-olds 3.41; 95% CI: 1.90-6.11). Anti-HCV prevalence increased
 with each blood transfusion received (adjusted odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI:
 1.10-1.68) and decreased with increasing education, (adjusted odds ratio
 0.37 for graduate-level vs. primary school/no education; 95% CI:
 0.16-0.82). Genotype 3 (58%) was most common among infected individuals.
 Discussion: The study findings, including the overall prevalence of
 chronic HCV infection, associated risk factors and demographic
 characteristics, and genotype distribution can guide prevention and
 control efforts, including treatment provision. In addition to high-risk
 populations, efforts targeting rural areas and adults aged &gt;40
 would be the most effective for identifying infected individuals.
description: punjab_dryad_cleanerThis is a Stata version 15.1 dta file that contains data from the 2013-2014 Punjab (India) population serosurvey on hepatitis C virus. Note that variables have been cut from the dataset due to Dryad's rules on data confidentiality.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5h3r2
title: Data from: Sexual selection on male size drives the evolution of male-biased sexual size dimorphism via the prolongation of male development

description: Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) arises when the net effects of natural and
 sexual selection on body size differ between the sexes. Quantitative SSD
 variation between taxa is common, but directional intraspecific SSD
 reversals are rare. We combined micro- and macroevolutionary approaches to
 study geographic SSD variation in closely related black scavenger flies.
 Common garden experiments revealed stark intra and interspecific
 variation: Sepsis biflexuosa is monomorphic across the Holarctic, while S.
 cynipsea (only in Europe) consistently exhibits female-biased SSD.
 Interestingly, S. neocynipsea displays contrasting SSD in Europe (females
 larger) and North America (males larger), a pattern opposite to the
 geographic reversal in SSD of S. punctum documented in a previous study.
 In accordance with the differential equilibrium model for the evolution of
 SSD, the intensity of sexual selection on male size varied between
 continents (weaker in Europe) whereas fecundity selection on female body
 size did not. Subsequent comparative analyses of 49 taxa documented at
 least six independent origins of male-biased SSD in Sepsidae, which is
 likely caused by sexual selection on male size and mediated by bimaturism.
 Therefore, reversals in SSD and the associated changes in larval
 development might be much more common and rapid and less constrained than
 currently assumed.
description: Common Garden,
 Comparative and Selection DataThe different parts of
 the paper are represented by separate sheets. Note that the supplementary
 files (mostly summary statistics) are included as wellDRYAD.xlsx