DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cvdncjtbg
title: Data from: The neurodevelopmental genes alan shepard and Neuroglian contribute to female mate preference in African Drosophila melanogaster

description: Mate choice is a key trait that determines fitness for most sexually
 reproducing organisms, with females often being the choosy sex. Female
 preference often results in strong selection on male traits that can drive
 rapid divergence of traits and preferences between lineages, leading to
 reproductive isolation. Despite this fundamental property of female mate
 choice, very few loci have been identified that contribute to mate choice
 and reproductive isolation. We used a combination of population genetics,
 quantitative complementation tests, and behavioral assays to demonstrate
 that alan shepard and Neuroglian contribute to female mate choice, and
 could contribute to partial reproductive isolation between populations of
 Drosophila melanogaster. Our study is among the first to identify genes
 that contribute to female mate preference in this historically important
 system, where female preference is an active premating barrier to
 reproduction. The identification of loci that are primarily known for
 their roles in neurodevelopment provides intriguing questions of how
 female mate preference evolves in populations via changes in sensory
 system and higher learning brain centers.
description: # Data From: The neurodevelopmental genes alan shepard and Neuroglian
 contribute to female mate preference in African Drosophila melanogaster
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cvdncjtbg](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cvdncjtbg) ## Description of the data and file structure In this experiment, we wanted to find genes important for female mating behavior that contributes to female preference between populations of Drosophila melanogaster. ### Cline Analysis We first started by conducting a population genetic analysis using clinal analysis from publicly available data. The files and scripts used in this analysis are contained in the two folders with contents described here Folder: cline_snp This folder contains the initial analysis of the clines including the following files snp_freq.R  This file splits the raw genotype data into subfiles. This was a necessary step to make sure we could analyze the clines in parallel. We focused on separating snps that had fixed differences vs segregating differences. The following files summarized the SNP cline results. The difference between cline_fix_sum v2 and the original file is the addition of a column to sort by the total number of populations that contained a SNP. These three files have the same variables The first column is an identifier for each row. Chromsome refers to the chromosome in D melanogaster genome. SNP position is the location on the chromosome with the Dmel v 5 reference genome. In further analyses we converted coordinates to identify gene locations. The Freq1 through Freq 12 columns are the allele frequencies across the cline. The Slope is the regression coefficient from the linear model, and the pvalue contains the p-value for this slope cline_fix_sum v2.csv cline_fix_sum.csv cline_seg_sum.csv The next set of files is organized with the input csv the R code used to calculate clines and then the output csv. The variables are the same as the descriptions above. V1 is the chromosome in D melanogaster genome. V2 is the SNP position is the location on the chromosome with the Dmel v 5 reference genome. In further analyses we converted coordinates to identify gene locations. The remaining columns are the allele frequencies across the cline. They were split into separate files to ease in parallel processing. Each R file is the same just calling a different input and writing to a unique output. fixed1.csv snp_cline_fix1.R snp_clines_fix1.csv fixed2.csv snp_cline_fix2.R snp_clines_fix2.csv fixed3.csv snp_cline_fix3.R snp_clines_fix3.csv segregating1.csv snp_cline_seg1.R snp_clines_seg1.csv segregating2.csv snp_cline_seg2.R snp_clines_seg2.csv segregating3.csv snp_cline_seg3.R snp_clines_seg3.csv Folder: clines This folder contained summaries and downstream analyses and comparisons that we conducted to identify candidate genes FlyBase_Converted_Coordinates.txt This file is the output from flybase.org. We fed the coordinator converter tool our SNP coordinates from the r5 genome and asked they be converted to the r6 genome. This was necessary to find SNPs located in genes FlyBase_Fields_download.txt This is the output from the query tool from flybase.org. We took our outlier SNPs and got output for biological function for the identified genes cline_fix_sum.csv This file summarizes the clines for SNPs that were fixed in the northern and southern extremes. Variables are the same as files described above cline_seg_sum.csv This is a cline summary for segregating SNPS clinelist.csv This is a csv for the list of outlier genes that we used in comparisons with the Bailey et al 2011 data. filtered_snps.csv This file contains the new coordinates from Flybase concatenated with the rest of the SNP cline data genes_with_slopes.csv This file contains a summary of the SNPs that were within genes. The first three columns are the output text from Flybase. The first column is the chromosome location. The second column is the nucleotide position for the beginning of the gene, the third column "..." is the separator that Flybase uses. The fourth column is the nucleotide position for the end of the gene. The fifth column concatenates the previous 4 columns so they are in a single cell. The sixth column is the Dmel gene name. The 7th column is gene function for genes that had matched queries on flybase. The 8th and 9th columns are the position of the specific SNP within the gene. The 10th and 11th column are the slope and p-value from the cline analysis Any gene names in red are genes with potential roles in behavior through their biological function classification on FlyBase intersectlists.R This code compares the list of outliers from our study with those from Bailey et al 2011 intersect output.txt This is the output of shared genes plos_one_list.csv This is the list of genes from Bailey et al 2011 that were identified as differentially expressed that we compared our outliers with ploslist.csv This is the list in a csv format to use in the intersectlists.R code pop latitudes.txt This file contains the latitudes from each population that were used in calculating the clies pop.txt This file lists the names of samples from the Kao et al 2015 dataset that we used in our analysis ### GO outlier analysis After conducting our cline analysis we wanted to determine if there were any gene ontology (GO) categories that were overrepresented in our outliers. The results of this analysis are included in the folder: GO enrichment genes_with_slopes.csv This file is the same as above. It contains the gene names that we fed into FlyEnricher to complete our analysis The resulting output from FlyEnricher was exported in these *.txt files. The excel file was made from the txt file for one so that we could read the output easier GO_Biological_Process_2018_table.txt GO BIO Process 2018 table.csv GO_Biological_Process_GeneRIF_table.txt InterPro_Domains_2019_table.txt Phenotype_GeneRIF_table.txt ### Population Genetic Analysis for Nrg and Shep Looking at our GO enrichment and outlier analyses we decided to focus on Neuroglian (Nrg) and alan shepard (shep) for our genetic crosses. To gain more insight into these genes we looked at population genetics from available data collected as part of the Drosophila nexus. Data was originally downloaded from PopFly for the regions of interest Results from this analysis and code are included in the folder: New popgen analysis. The files are as follows nrg_meta.csv These are all of the samples included for the Nrg analysis Nrg_noN.fasta These are fasta file for chromosomes after removing those that are all N Nrg_sites.fasta These are the polymorphic sites used in the PCA analysis shep_meta.csv These are all of the samples included in the analysis for Shep output_Chr3L_5124380_5293734.fastashep_noN.fasta This is the original data downloaded from PopFly for shep which is on chromosome 3L output_ChrX_8403859_8456776.fastashep_sites.fasta This is the original data downloaded from PopFly for Nrg which is on the X chromsome pca analysis.R This is the code we used for our PCA analysis The following files are pi and Fst exports for the genes at different window sizes. RAL is the Raleigh population and ZI is the Zimbabwe population RAL_Pi_1kb-3L-5124427..5293781.gff3  RAL_Pi_1kb-X-8403859..8456275.gff3 ZI_Pi_1kb-3L-5124427..5293781.gff3 ZI_Pi_1kb-X-8403859..8456275.gff3 ZI_RAL_fst_1kb-3L-5124427..5293781.gff3 ZI_RAL_fst_1kb-X-8403859..8456275.gff3 ### Quantitative complementation tests for Nrg and shep Lastly we completed a test similar to a quantitative complementation test and recorded the choice of females from different genotypes. The analysis of these data are in the following R files. Nrg analysis.R This is an annotated R file that describes the complete analyses of the data for Nrg shep analysis.R This file is structured similarly to the Nrg file and contains our analysis of shep data. ## Code/Software All code used in the analyses are described above and are annotated within the code