cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638347.v1
title: Teaching-Learning Process in Nephrology: An Integrative Review

description: Abstract: Introduction: The reduced demand for Medical Residency Programs in Nephrology in the last decade is a subject that has been gaining relevance, notably in discussions raised by scientific societies and medical associations around the world. It appears that there is a lack of interest in the specialty, triggered by teaching-learning processes that are inadequate to generate interest among undergraduates. Given this scenario, it is essential to understand which factors influence the teaching-learning process in Nephrology during undergraduate training. Objective: To analyze teaching-learning strategies in nephrology and their results during undergraduate medical training. Method: An integrative review of articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese on teaching of nephrology in undergraduate medicine was carried out, searching four databases (PubMed, ERIC, SciELO and Lilacs). We used the following keywords in our searches: “medical education”, “medical students”, “nephrology”, “teaching methods”, “medical education”, “medical students”, “nephrology” and “teaching methods” (in English) and “educational medicine”, “medicine students”, “nephrology” and “metodos de enseñanza” (in Spanish). Results: A relevant role was observed in the use of active teaching-learning methodologies as a promising tool to increase student interest in the subject. In addition, it was found that a portion of medical educators involved in the teaching of Nephrology are, in fact, not nephrologists. Finally, there is a role for the use of online tools as a strategy to increase student interest in the discipline. Conclusion: There is a lack of rigor in the design of studies on the training of medical students in nephrology, which does not allow for accurate results on the impact of teaching-learning methodologies. Well-designed randomized controlled trials, as well as the use of cohort studies comparing teaching-learning methodologies, are needed to assess the effectiveness of educational techniques introduced in medical school curricula.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638348
title: Online (remote) education and Covid-19: teachers' experience in medical education mediated by active methodologies

description: Abstract: Introduction: In 2020, aiming to contain the progression of the Coronavirus pandemic, social distancing was determined by reducing interactions between people. The educational institutions were closed and distance teaching-learning was applied using digital technologies for study continuity. The closing of a community university in Santa Catarina, in the medical course, implied in a disruptive situation regarding the teaching format, since they use active methodologies and these had not been applied digitally up to that moment. From these circumstances, one asks how the faculty perceives and experiences this new reality. Objective: This study aimed to understand the experiences of educators teaching from the first to the fourth year of medical school using active methodologies during the remote education activities at the emergence of the Coronavirus pandemic aiming at understanding the impacts on learning. Method: This is a field research with an exploratory objective and a quantitative-qualitative approach. This study has been analyzed by the Research Ethics Committee. The participants were contacted by electronics means and were invited to answer a two-step questionnaire using the Google Forms platform, containing objective and descriptive questions regarding their experience with remote teaching. Data analysis was performed by statistics, by thematic content analysis and by correlation analysis, and the findings were compared using the theoretical reference. Result: Twenty-nine teachers answered the survey. Most of them felt, at least, partially prepared to work in the remote education and guidance and requests for help were not related to the preparation. Facilities and weaknesses related to the technology were observed. Computers, cell phones and Google Meet were the recourses most often used. Adaptations for the materials used in face-to-face classes were necessary, but in some cases, they were not satisfactory. The pedagogical activities were accomplished within the proposed ones, but two-thirds of the teachers believed there were losses related to study quality and half of them adjusted their behavior to virtual class mediation. Conclusion: The transition to the digital teaching format constituted a challenge for the teachers. The learning process was compromised; however, benefits and potentials were observed. A change is occurring in society and digital teaching is being solidified and training is essential to support this process in active methodologies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638351.v1
title: Malaria and environmental, socioeconomics and public health conditions in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil: An ecological and cross-sectional study

description: ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran’s techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria’s epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638351
title: Malaria and environmental, socioeconomics and public health conditions in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil: An ecological and cross-sectional study

description: ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran’s techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria’s epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22548194.v1
title: Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and diet of three fish species (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) in streams of the Pomba River basin, Paraíba do Sul river drainage, Southeastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the parameters of length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and diet of three freshwater fish species that inhabit streams in the Pomba River basin (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Fishes were sampled with seine nets (2.0 × 1.20 m, 2 mm mesh size) and dip nets (0.46 × 0.33 m, 2 mm mesh size) from October to December 2018. Measurements were taken for total length (TL - 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW - 0.01 g precision). Growth model parameters were estimated. This study provides new length-weight relationship data for Deuterodon intermedius (Eigenmann, 1908), Australoheros paraibae Ottoni & Costa, 2008, and Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes, 1840. All of them ingested a wide variety of food items, including plant material like algae, animal material such as terrestrial and aquatic insects, and undefined matter such as detritus or mud. The three species showed a higher number of females. Our study provides basic information for functional diversity studies, as well as for future investigations associated with the evaluation of anthropic impacts, either occasional or chronic, on the fish assemblage structure of the Pomba River basin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22548194
title: Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and diet of three fish species (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) in streams of the Pomba River basin, Paraíba do Sul river drainage, Southeastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the parameters of length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and diet of three freshwater fish species that inhabit streams in the Pomba River basin (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Fishes were sampled with seine nets (2.0 × 1.20 m, 2 mm mesh size) and dip nets (0.46 × 0.33 m, 2 mm mesh size) from October to December 2018. Measurements were taken for total length (TL - 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW - 0.01 g precision). Growth model parameters were estimated. This study provides new length-weight relationship data for Deuterodon intermedius (Eigenmann, 1908), Australoheros paraibae Ottoni & Costa, 2008, and Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes, 1840. All of them ingested a wide variety of food items, including plant material like algae, animal material such as terrestrial and aquatic insects, and undefined matter such as detritus or mud. The three species showed a higher number of females. Our study provides basic information for functional diversity studies, as well as for future investigations associated with the evaluation of anthropic impacts, either occasional or chronic, on the fish assemblage structure of the Pomba River basin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638353
title: Morphology and germination of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. seeds

description: Abstract: The occurrence of damage and empty space inside the seed can directly affect germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of damage or empty space inside cowpea seeds and the physiological potential. In this study, seven lots of seeds of the cultivar ‘BRS Guariba’ were subjected to the X-ray test to identify damage by tissue deterioration, mechanical damage, damage by insects and malformed seeds and, later, to the germination test. The percentage of empty space between the embryonic area and the seed coat was determined from radiographic images in ImageJ software. Based on the results obtained, the seeds were classified into different categories, and the results were compared with the germination data. It was concluded that the analysis of radiographic images allowed the identification of damage and measurement of empty space in the internal cavity of the seeds, making it possible to establish a relationship between internal morphology and germination. The presence of damage, especially that caused by tissue deterioration or mechanical damage, depending on its location and intensity, has the potential to negatively affect the germination of cowpea seeds. Likewise, seeds that contain higher levels of empty space in their internal cavity tend not to germinate or to generate abnormal seedlings at the time of germination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638353.v1
title: Morphology and germination of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. seeds

description: Abstract: The occurrence of damage and empty space inside the seed can directly affect germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of damage or empty space inside cowpea seeds and the physiological potential. In this study, seven lots of seeds of the cultivar ‘BRS Guariba’ were subjected to the X-ray test to identify damage by tissue deterioration, mechanical damage, damage by insects and malformed seeds and, later, to the germination test. The percentage of empty space between the embryonic area and the seed coat was determined from radiographic images in ImageJ software. Based on the results obtained, the seeds were classified into different categories, and the results were compared with the germination data. It was concluded that the analysis of radiographic images allowed the identification of damage and measurement of empty space in the internal cavity of the seeds, making it possible to establish a relationship between internal morphology and germination. The presence of damage, especially that caused by tissue deterioration or mechanical damage, depending on its location and intensity, has the potential to negatively affect the germination of cowpea seeds. Likewise, seeds that contain higher levels of empty space in their internal cavity tend not to germinate or to generate abnormal seedlings at the time of germination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22548339.v1
title: Seasonal altitudinal movements of birds in Brazil: a review

description: ABSTRACT Birds’ seasonal altitudinal movements in Brazil are poorly understood. The main source of information and has fostered interest since the 1980s. However, most of the available information is anecdotal, sources are repeatedly cited, and the information provided is quite superficial and speculative. Through bibliographic searches, we found 107 studies, 83 (77%) of which we consider valid, and only 63 (59%) were peer-reviewed. Most studies were carried out in southern and southeastern Brazil. Only 11 studies explicitly addressed seasonal altitudinal movements. Surprisingly, none of the studies simultaneously comprised a full year of study, standardized sampling methods, and encompassed the entire altitudinal range through which the birds might have moved. As a consequence, the quality of the data is questionable, and the expression “altitudinal migration” is unlikely to be accurate and has never been unequivocally demonstrated for birds in Brazil. Mention of “altitudinal migration” was found for 68 bird species, but these must be more clearly defined and appropriately tested.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22548339
title: Seasonal altitudinal movements of birds in Brazil: a review

description: ABSTRACT Birds’ seasonal altitudinal movements in Brazil are poorly understood. The main source of information and has fostered interest since the 1980s. However, most of the available information is anecdotal, sources are repeatedly cited, and the information provided is quite superficial and speculative. Through bibliographic searches, we found 107 studies, 83 (77%) of which we consider valid, and only 63 (59%) were peer-reviewed. Most studies were carried out in southern and southeastern Brazil. Only 11 studies explicitly addressed seasonal altitudinal movements. Surprisingly, none of the studies simultaneously comprised a full year of study, standardized sampling methods, and encompassed the entire altitudinal range through which the birds might have moved. As a consequence, the quality of the data is questionable, and the expression “altitudinal migration” is unlikely to be accurate and has never been unequivocally demonstrated for birds in Brazil. Mention of “altitudinal migration” was found for 68 bird species, but these must be more clearly defined and appropriately tested.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638359
title: Soil nitrogen transformation and functional microbial abundance in an agricultural soil amended with biochar

description: ABSTRACT Biochar soil amendments are attracting attention as one strategy to improve soil microbially ecological environment and regulate the soil nitrogen cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar application on agricultural soil improvement, nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification. The experiment was carried out on a typical farmland containing black soil and saline-alkaline soil in Northeast China. Four treatments were undertaken, including the control-treated black soil farmland (CS), the biochar-treated black soil farmland (BCS), the control-treated saline-alkali soil farmland (SAS), and the biochar-treated saline-alkaline soil farmland (BSAS). Basic physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and the contents of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) in the soil were subsequently determined. The co-occurrence networks of bacterial communities of the biochar and control treatment groups were constructed based on high-throughput sequencing data of the 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that the BCS and BSAS treatments significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus. The application of biochar significantly increased the NH4+-N contents in the black soil and saline-alkaline soil by 81.78 and 80.08 %, respectively, while significantly reducing the soil NH4+-N/NO3--N content, which promoted the transformation of NH4+-N into NO3--N. Subsequently, the released NH4+-N was transformed into NO3--N through nitrification. After the biochar application, the NO3--N contents in the black and saline-alkaline soils could be fixed. The biochar application significantly increased the abundance of gdh, AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, and nifH genes, with no significant difference in the abundance of napA genes being found among different treatments. Microbes playing a key role in the co-occurrence network were Proteobateria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. As compared with the CS and SAS treatments, under the BCS+BSAS treatment, the connectors, module hubs, connectedness, and clustering coefficient showed larger parameters, and the networks were more complex. The application of biochar gradually increased the nodes, edges, and average degree of the bacterial co-occurrence network, thus indicating that the interaction between microbial groups in the black and saline-alkaline soils post biochar application may be important in the biogeochemical cycle process in farmland soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638359.v1
title: Soil nitrogen transformation and functional microbial abundance in an agricultural soil amended with biochar

description: ABSTRACT Biochar soil amendments are attracting attention as one strategy to improve soil microbially ecological environment and regulate the soil nitrogen cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar application on agricultural soil improvement, nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification. The experiment was carried out on a typical farmland containing black soil and saline-alkaline soil in Northeast China. Four treatments were undertaken, including the control-treated black soil farmland (CS), the biochar-treated black soil farmland (BCS), the control-treated saline-alkali soil farmland (SAS), and the biochar-treated saline-alkaline soil farmland (BSAS). Basic physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and the contents of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) in the soil were subsequently determined. The co-occurrence networks of bacterial communities of the biochar and control treatment groups were constructed based on high-throughput sequencing data of the 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that the BCS and BSAS treatments significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus. The application of biochar significantly increased the NH4+-N contents in the black soil and saline-alkaline soil by 81.78 and 80.08 %, respectively, while significantly reducing the soil NH4+-N/NO3--N content, which promoted the transformation of NH4+-N into NO3--N. Subsequently, the released NH4+-N was transformed into NO3--N through nitrification. After the biochar application, the NO3--N contents in the black and saline-alkaline soils could be fixed. The biochar application significantly increased the abundance of gdh, AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, and nifH genes, with no significant difference in the abundance of napA genes being found among different treatments. Microbes playing a key role in the co-occurrence network were Proteobateria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. As compared with the CS and SAS treatments, under the BCS+BSAS treatment, the connectors, module hubs, connectedness, and clustering coefficient showed larger parameters, and the networks were more complex. The application of biochar gradually increased the nodes, edges, and average degree of the bacterial co-occurrence network, thus indicating that the interaction between microbial groups in the black and saline-alkaline soils post biochar application may be important in the biogeochemical cycle process in farmland soil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22638360
title: Factors associated with self-reported multimorbidities in workers from the municipal health network

description: Abstract Objective: to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) and investigate factors associated with chronic multimorbidities among workers from the municipal health network. Methods: cross-sectional study involving basic health care professionals from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were collected by an interview applying validated instruments. The studied population’s individual characteristics, habits and lifestyle, health and work conditions were identified. Logistics regression was used to build the multivariate models. Results: 203 of the 257 eligible workers participated in this research, 144 women and 59 men. The most prevalent morbidities were: overweight (27.0%), hypertension (17.2%) and depression/stress (16.2%). The presence of multimorbidities (28.6%) was significantly associated to age over 48 years old (odds ratio - OR: 4,28; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI: 1.66;11.04), to the presence of common mental disorders (OR: 3.23; 95%CI: 1.50;6.96), whereas the adequate social support at work remained as a protection factor (OR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.11;0.57). Conclusion: the presence of multimorbidities was associated with older age, presence of common mental disorders, and work organizational characteristics.