DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17682666
title: Multimodal Reclaimed Timber Dataset: X-ray CT Volumes, Visual Grading, Dynamic Tests, Mechanical Tests, and Finite Element and Continuum Model Results with Density, Fibre Orientation and Stiffness Fields

description: This dataset provides a comprehensive multimodal characterisation of 56 reclaimed structural timber elements, combining X-ray computed tomography (CT), visual grading, dynamic excitation, mechanical bending tests, and computational modelling. It enables reproducible research in non-destructive evaluation, structural timber assessment, digital twins, and computational wood mechanics.

The dataset accompanies the preprint:Huber, J.A.J. et al. (2025). Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reclaimed Timber Using Visual Grading, Dynamic Excitation, Mechanical Testing, and X-ray CT-Based Modelling.Zenodo DOI: (to be inserted)

Contents

The dataset includes (check README.md for more details):

X-ray CT volumes (CT-volumes/)

Reconstructed 16-bit greyscale volumes in NRRD format, acquired with a Microtec Mito industrial CT system at 0.5 mm voxel size. Headers include full spatial metadata (spacing, orientation, axes). The scans capture knots, fissures, voids, wane, and other reclaimed-timber features. Loadable with ParaView, ITK/SimpleITK, 3D Slicer, PyVista, and pynrrd.

Continuum-mechanics (CM) models (CM-models/)

Voxel-based VTK image files (.vti) containing density, binary masks, and orthotropic stiffness fields (Eₓ, Gₓᵧ, Gₓ𝑧) derived from CT.

Finite element (FE) models (FE-models/)

CalculiX output files (.frd, .dat), Paraview-ready unstructured grids (.vtu), and tessellated surface meshes (.stl). Fields include global and local stresses/strains, displacement fields, fibre-orientation vectors, and results from bending and modal analyses.

Profile-level datasets (profiles/)

HDF5 files with CT-, CM-, and FE-derived scalar and profile quantities; longitudinal stiffness profiles; bending MOE profiles for 0° (strong-axis) and 90° (weak-axis) bending; equivalent moduli; geometric properties; and full centreline analysis.Additional directories provide CM and FE profile plots along each beam.

Statistical analyses (statistics/)

Correlation heatmaps, regression performance metrics (R², RMSE, MAE), correlation metrics, pairwise comparison grids, and distribution plots for density, MC, MOE, and visual grading. Includes both zone-wise and beam-wise analyses.

Summary table (result_summary.csv)

Unified zone-wise and beam-wise dataset containing all experimental, dynamic, CM-derived, FE-derived, and grading indicators. Includes consistent variable naming conventions (e.g., CM_*, FE_*, TNO_*) and statistical aggregates (_zonemean, _beammax, etc.).

Example visualisations

Images illustrating the FE mesh, coordinate systems, fibre-direction fields, and transverse stress distributions.

Relevance

This dataset offers:





High-resolution structural and material fields for irregular, defect-rich reclaimed timber




Integrated multimodal measurements for benchmarking NDT methods




Reproducible FE and CM modelling workflows based on CT-derived orthotropic fields




Full statistical evaluation resources for comparative or machine-learning studies




Extensibility for future work on digital twins / digital shadows, grading optimisation, and reuse assessment



It is intended to support researchers in wood science, structural engineering, computational mechanics, image-based modelling, and circular construction.