DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2ct6558
title: Data from: Behavioral modifications lead to disparate demographic consequences in two sympatric species

description: Life-history theory suggests species that typically have a large number of
 offspring and high adult mortality may make decisions that benefit
 offspring survival in exchange for increased adult risks. Such behavioral
 adaptations are essential to understanding how demographic performance is
 linked to habitat selection during this important life-history stage.
 Though studies have illustrated negative fitness consequences to attendant
 adults or potential fitness benefits to associated offspring because of
 adaptive habitat selection during brood rearing, equivocal relationships
 could arise if both aspects of this reproductive trade-off are not
 assessed simultaneously. To better understand how adaptive habitat
 selection during brood-rearing influences demographics, we studied the
 brood survival, attendant parental survival, and space use of two
 sympatric ground-nesting bird species, the northern bobwhite (hereafter:
 “bobwhite”; Colinus virgininanus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata).
 During the 2013-2014 breeding seasons, we estimated habitat suitability
 across two grains (2 m and 30 m) for both species and determined how adult
 space-use of these areas influenced individual chick survival and parental
 risk. We found the proportion of a brood’s home range containing highly
 suitable areas significantly increased bobwhite chick survival (β = 0.02,
 SE = 0.006). Additionally, adult weekly survival for bobwhite was greater
 for individuals not actively brooding offspring (0.9716, SE = 0.0054) as
 compared to brooding adults (0.8928, SE = 0.0006). Conversely, brood
 habitat suitability did not influence scaled quail chick survival during
 our study, nor did we detect a survival cost for adults that were actively
 brooding offspring. Our research illustrates the importance of
 understanding life-history strategies and how they might influence
 relationships between adaptive habitat selection and demographic
 parameters.
description: Northern bobwhite chick
 encounter history file for Program MARKINP file associated with
 encounter histories for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) chick
 survival. INP file is the standard encounter history file format
 associated with Program MARK software.NOBOChick.inpScaled quail chick encounter history file for Program MARKINP file associated with encounter histories for scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) chick survival. INP file is the standard encounter history file format associated with Program MARK software.SCQUChick.inpPrincipal components analysis values for weatherPrincipal components analysis values for weather data obtained from local weather stations on Beaver River Wildlife Management Area.PCAValues.xlsxAdult northern bobwhite encounter history file for Program MARKAdult northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) encounter history file associated with both brooding and non-brooding individual survival. INP file is the standard encounter history file format associated with Program MARK software.NOBOnonbroodanalysis.inpAdult scaled quail encounter history file for Program MARKAdult scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) encounter history file associated with both brooding and non-brooding individual survival. INP file is the standard encounter history file format associated with Program MARK software.SCQUnonbroodanalysis.inp2 meter resolution environmental layersContains ASCII files associated with the spatial environmental layers used in Maxent analyses for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) broods and non-brooding adults to estimate habitat suitability indices. ASCII files are represented at a 2 meter resolution. All ASCII files are representative of the environmental layers retained after second order Maxent analyses though have not yet been vetted through correlation analyses or by removing poorly contributing (i.e., 5% or less contribution to model accuracy gain of the Maxent model) variables.EnvLayers2m.zip30 meter resolution environmental layersThis zipped file contains ASCII files associated with the spatial environmental layers used in Maxent analyses for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) broods and non-brooding adults to estimate habitat suitability indices. ASCII files are represented at a 30 meter resolution. All ASCII files are representative of the environmental layers retained after second order Maxent analyses though have not yet been vetted through correlation analyses or by removing poorly contributing (i.e., 5% or less contribution to model accuracy gain of the Maxent model) variables. NOTE: Zip file was created using 7-Zip version 18.05.EnvLayers30m.zipNorthern bobwhite non-brooding adult locationsCSV file containing coordinates for non-brooding northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) adults located during the brooding seasons of 2013-2014. These locations were used as occurrences for building non-brooding northern bobwhite Maxent models. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984; Datum: D_WGS_1984; Prime Meridian: Greenwich; Angular Unit: Degree.201314NOBONonBroodEqualSample.csvScaled quail non-brooding adult locationsCSV file containing coordinates for non-brooding scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) adults located during the brooding seasons of 2013-2014. These locations were used as occurrences for building non-brooding scaled quail Maxent models. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984; Datum: D_WGS_1984; Prime Meridian: Greenwich; Angular Unit: Degree.201314SCQUNonBroodEqualSample.csvNorthern bobwhite brood home rangesNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) brood home ranges representing brood space use during the 2013-2014 brooding seasons. Brood home ranges were calculated using a 95% fixed-kernel method with least squares cross-validation within the Geospatial Modeling Environment 0.7.2.1. Projected Coordinate System: WGS_1984_UTM_zone_14N; Projection: Transverse_Mercator.HomeRangesNOBO.zipScaled quail brood home rangesScaled quail (Callipepla squamata) brood home ranges representing brood space use during the 2013-2014 brooding seasons. Brood home ranges were calculated using a 95% fixed-kernel method with least squares cross-validation within the Geospatial Modeling Environment 0.7.2.1. Projected Coordinate System: WGS_1984_UTM_zone_14N; Projection: Transverse_Mercator.HomeRangesSCQU.zipNorthern bobwhite brooding adult locationsCSV file containing coordinates for brooding northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) adults located during the brooding seasons of 2013-2014. These locations were used as occurrences for building first order brooding northern bobwhite Maxent models. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984; Datum: D_WGS_1984; Prime Meridian: Greenwich; Angular Unit: Degree.201314NOBOChick.csvScaled quail brooding adult locationsCSV file containing coordinates for brooding scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) adults located during the brooding seasons of 2013-2014. These locations were used as occurrences for building first order brooding scaled quail Maxent models. Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984; Datum: D_WGS_1984; Prime Meridian: Greenwich; Angular Unit: Degree.201314SCQUChick.csvChick associations with broodsAn Excel file containing the chick ID number and the associated brood ID number for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) from 2013-2014. Chick ID numbers are associated with the Program MARK encounter history files while brood ID numbers are associated with home range files.ChicktoBroodAssociations.xlsxResults from niche identiy testsNumber of psuedo-replications estimating relative rank metrics for niche similarity for habitat suitability indices of brooding and non-brood northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) for 2 meter and 30 meter resolutions. Numbers reflect the number of psuedo-replications out of 100 runs that correspond to a specific relative rank value.NicheIdenityResults.xlsxStudy site weather dataSite specific weather data used in the principal components analysis. Variables: TAvgVar (average daily variance in ambient temperature [°C]), TempMax (maximum daily ambient temperature [°C]), TempAvg (average daily ambient temperature [°C]), TempMin (minimum daily ambient temperature [°C]), MaxSolar (maximum daily solar radiation [W/m2]), AvgWind (average daily wind speed [km/h]), Precip (daily precipitation [mm]), and AvgRH (average daily relative humidity [%]).PCAWeather.csv