DOI: 10.5061/dryad.28sm8
title: Data from: Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia

description: The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable
 diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy, and skull morphology across
 living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORG), which initiate the
 conversion of odorant molecules into odor perceptions and help an animal
 resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to
 several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these
 ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory
 sensory neurons (OSN), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled
 with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon
 bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they
 traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that
 taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded
 footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between
 ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects
 were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from
 high-resolution CT scans and reexamining the relationship between CP and
 body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP
 area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian
 superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the
 olfactory pathway between genes, neurons, and skull morphology.
 Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory
 function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric
 for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By
 quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis) we
 predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
description: Key resource table,
 Excel formatKey resource table for
 sample specimens, CT scanning machines and facilities, and digital imaging
 software.S3_Supp
 Table_DJBird_PRSb_Excel.xlsxKey resource table, .csv
 formatKey resource table for
 sample specimens, CT scanning machines and facilities, and digital imaging
 software.S3_Supp
 Table_DJBird_PRSb_CSV.csvCribriform plate surface
 area data for individual specimens, Excel formatIdentification, source,
 sex and morphological data for sample species. Abbreviations, AMNH:
 American Museum of Natural History. CMNH: Cleveland Museum of Natural
 History. DLC: Duke Lemur Center. DUPC: Duke University Primate Center.
 IZCAS: Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. LACM:
 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. LACMRLP: Rancho La Brea Tar
 Pits. MVZ: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. SDSNH: San Diego Society of
 Natural History. UCLA: Dickey Collection at the University of California
 Los Angeles. UCLAEEB: UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
 USNM: National Museum of Natural History. UTO: University of Texas Austin.
 TMM: Texas Memorial Museum. *The presence of a cribriform plate in the
 ethmoid bone of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) could not be
 established in this study.S4_Supp
 Table_DJBird_PRSb_Excel.xlsxCribriform plate surface
 area data for individual specimens, .csv formatIdentification, source,
 sex and morphological data for sample species. Abbreviations, AMNH:
 American Museum of Natural History. CMNH: Cleveland Museum of Natural
 History. DLC: Duke Lemur Center. DUPC: Duke University Primate Center.
 IZCAS: Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. LACM:
 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. LACMRLP: Rancho La Brea Tar
 Pits. MVZ: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. SDSNH: San Diego Society of
 Natural History. UCLA: Dickey Collection at the University of California
 Los Angeles. UCLAEEB: UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
 USNM: National Museum of Natural History. UTO: University of Texas Austin.
 TMM: Texas Memorial Museum. *The presence of a cribriform plate in the
 ethmoid bone of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) could not be
 established in this study.S4_Supp
 Table_DJBird_PRSb_CSV.csvMorphological and
 genomic data for sample species, Excel formatAbbreviations: CP,
 cribriform plate; ORG, olfactory receptor gene. Body mass estimates are
 species means. Where sexual dimorphism was present, we considered the sex
 of individuals when deriving the species body mass. Individual dog breed
 body size estimates were averaged to calculate the mean body mass of the
 dog (Canis familiaris). References for body mass and ORG data listed below
 the table. For cribriform plate surface area data of individual specimens,
 see table S5.S8_Supp_Table_DJBird_PRSb_Excel.xlsxMorphological and genomic data for sample species, .csv formatAbbreviations: CP, cribriform plate; ORG, olfactory receptor gene. Body mass estimates are species means. Where sexual dimorphism was present, we considered the sex of individuals when deriving the species body mass. Individual dog breed body size estimates were averaged to calculate the mean body mass of the dog (Canis familiaris). References for body mass and ORG data listed below the table. For cribriform plate surface area data of individual specimens, see table S5.S8_Supp_Table_DJBird_PRSb_CSV.csvAssembly statistics for genome assemblies from which olfactory receptor gene counts were extracted, Excel formatAbbreviations, BGI: Beijing Genomics Institute; BCM: Baylor College of Medicine; Broad: Broad Institute; ICGSC: International Cat Genome Sequencing Consortium; WU: Washington University. Sources of data: NCBI Assembly, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, Genome Reference Consortium.S9_Supp Table_DJBird_PRSb_Excel.xlsxAssembly statistics for genome assemblies from which olfactory receptor gene counts were extracted; .csv formatAbbreviations, BGI: Beijing Genomics Institute; BCM: Baylor College of Medicine; Broad: Broad Institute; ICGSC: International Cat Genome Sequencing Consortium; WU: Washington University. Sources of data: NCBI Assembly, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, Genome Reference Consortium.S9_Supp Table_DJBird_PRSb_CSV.csvSummary statistics, Excel formatAbbreviations: CP, Cribriform plate; RelCP, Relative cribriform plate size; ORG, Olfactory receptor genes; PGLS, Phylogenetic generalized least squares.S10_Supp Table_DJBird_PRSb_Excel.xlsxSummary statistics; .csv formatAbbreviations: CP, Cribriform plate; RelCP, Relative cribriform plate size; ORG, Olfactory receptor genes; PGLS, Phylogenetic generalized least squares.S10_Supp Table_DJBird_PRSb_CSV.csvSources and morphological data for felid species; Excel formatMuseums and collections are as follows: FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History; LACM: Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County; LACMRLP: Rancho La Brea Tar Pits; MMNH: James Ford Bell Museum University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; UCLAEEB: University of California Los Angeles Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. aEstimated body masses (in kg) are from [1] except for two species, Felis catus [9] and Smilodon fatalis [19] (see table S8 references).S13_Supp Table_DJBird_PRSb_Excel.xlsxSources and morphological data for felid species; .csv formatMuseums and collections are as follows: FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History; LACM: Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County; LACMRLP: Rancho La Brea Tar Pits; MMNH: James Ford Bell Museum University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; UCLAEEB: University of California Los Angeles Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. aEstimated body masses (in kg) are from [1] except for two species, Felis catus [9] and Smilodon fatalis [19] (see table S8 references).S13_Supp Table_DJBird_PRSb_CSV.csv