DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tx95x6b95
title: Data from: Landscape associations and population genetics of a generalist carnivore at a range limit

description: This dataset includes: (i) camera-based detection data for American black
 bears (Ursus americanus) sampled in panhandle of western Oklahoma (USA)
 during summers of 2022 and 2023; (ii) site-specific covariates
 characterizing camera location and conditions at each of 160 sites; (iii)
 survey-specific covariates characterizing temporal variation in
 environmental conditions over a 35-day sampling period at each camera
 site; (iv) nuclear DNA microsatellite loci consensus genotypes for black
 bears sampled in via noninvasive genetic sampling (i.e., hair snares and
 scat collection) in western Oklahoma (2022 and 2023) and via harvest in
 northeastern New Mexico (USA) during summer/fall of 2021; and, a summary
 of noninvasive genetic samples collected (captured) and assigned to each
 black bear sampled in Oklahoma based on multilocus genotypes. Users are
 advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand
 appropriate use and data limitations. No formal accuracy tests were
 performed. Layers for elevation and slope were obtained at a 30-m
 resolution from LANDFIRE 2023 (https://landfire.gov/). All spatial layers
 were processed with Geographic Information Systems layers with ArcGIS
 (version 10.7.1, ESRI, Redlands, CA). Any use of trade, firm or product
 names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
 the U.S. Government. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and
 related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative
 to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and
 associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness, no
 warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of
 the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor
 shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
description: # Data from: Landscape associations and population genetics of a
 generalist carnivore at a range limit Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.tx95x6b95](10.5061/dryad.tx95x6b95) ## Description of the
 data and file structure This dataset includes: (i) camera-based detection
 data for American black bears (Ursus americanus) sampled in panhandle of
 western Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023; (ii) site-specific
 covariates characterizing camera location and conditions at each of 160
 sites; (iii) survey-specific covariates characterizing temporal variation
 in environmental conditions over a 35-day sampling period at each camera
 site; (iv) nuclear DNA microsatellite loci consensus genotypes for black
 bears sampled in via noninvasive genetic sampling (i.e., hair snares and
 scat collection) in western Oklahoma (2022 and 2023) and via harvest in
 northeastern New Mexico (USA) during summer/fall of 2021; and, a summary
 of noninvasive genetic samples collected (captured) and assigned to each
 black bear sampled in Oklahoma based on multilocus genotypes. ### Files
 and variables #### File: Black_Bear_Camera_Detections.txt
 **Description:** Camera-based detection histories for American black bears
 (*Ursus americanus*) sampled at 160 sites in the panhandle of western
 Oklahoma (USA) over 35 days during summers of 2022 and 2023. #####
 Variables * /\*Site\*/: Site identification for camera used to survey for
 black bears in western Oklahoma * K1-K35: Binary encounter history
 indicating if a black bear was detected (1) or not (0) during an active
 Survey K (where each survey was a 24-hr period); "." indicates
 that the site was not actively surveyed #### File:
 Camera_Survey_Covariates.txt **Description:** Survey-specific covariates
 characterizing temporal variation in environmental conditions over a
 35-day sampling period at 160 camera sites sampled in panhandle of western
 Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023. Survey covariates for mean
 daily temperature (degrees Celsius) and total daily precipitation
 (mm)—where each survey was a 24-hr period—were retrieved from spatially
 explicit raster datasets; these data are not included but are available
 (1) for download directly from the PRISM Climate Group (PRISM CLIMATE
 GROUP, Oregon State University,
 [https://prism.oregonstate.edu](https://prism.oregonstate.edu)) or (2) by
 contacting the corresponding author.  ##### Variables * /\*Site\*/: Site
 identification for camera used to survey for black bears in western
 Oklahoma * Year: The year that the site was sampled * DOY: Day of the year
 that sampling began at each site (where January 1 = DOY 1 in both years) *
 Lure: Categorical covariate indicating which of four lures was applied to
 a site (Skunk = skunk-based lure; Beaver = beaver castor-based lure; Anise
 = anise oil-based lure; Blueberry = blueberry-based lure) #### File:
 OK_Black_Bear_Capture_Data.txt **Description:** Summary of noninvasive
 genetic samples collected (captured) and assigned to each unique black
 bear sampled in Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023 based on
 multilocus genotypes. ##### Variables * Bear_ID: Unique ID assigned to
 each black bear sampled * Sample_Type: Indicates if the black bear
 'capture' was achieved noninvasively via a hair snare (hair) or
 fecal collection (scat) * Date_Collected: Indicates the date the black
 bear was 'captured' noninvasively (format: MM/DD/YYYY) *
 UTM_Zone: Indicates the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
 zone for coordinates (Easting and Northing) * Easting: The horizontal
 distance (x-coordinate) eastward in meters for the UTM Zone *
 Northing: The vertical distance (y-coordinate) northward in meters for the
 UTM Zone #### File: Camera_SiteSpecific_Covariates.txt
 **Description:** Site-specific covariates characterizing the location and
 conditions at each of 160 sites sampled in panhandle of western Oklahoma
 (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023. ##### Variables * /\*Site\*/: Site
 identification for camera used to survey for black bears in western
 Oklahoma * UTM_Zone: Indicates the Universal Transverse Mercator
 coordinate system zone for coordinates (Easting and Northing) *
 Easting: The horizontal distance (x-coordinate) eastward in meters for the
 UTM Zone * Northing: The vertical distance (y-coordinate) northward in
 meters for the UTM Zone * Year: The year that the site was sampled *
 Elev_250: Mean elevation (m) within 250 m of the camera site *
 Slope_1500: Mean slope (degrees) within 1500 m of the camera site *
 PPC: Total number of prickly pear cacti (Opuntia spp.) patches (separated
 by &gt;0.25 m) within 1 m of transects totaling 200 m in length; NA =
 missing value * AM: Total number of ant mounds within 1 m of transects
 totaling 200 m in length; NA = missing value * CWD: Relative coarse woody
 debris count that intercepted transects totaling 200 m in length (included
 logs with diameter ≥10 cm and brush piles with woody debris); NA = missing
 value * CanCov: Mean percent canopy cover from 5 measurements collected
 with a spherical densiometer at the center of the sampling area and at the
 end of 4 50-m transects; NA = missing value * Juniper: Ocular estimates of
 percent landcover within 50 m of the site center attributable to juniper
 (*Juniperus *spp.)* * #### File: Black_Bear_Consensus_Genotypes.txt
 **Description:** Summary of nuclear DNA microsatellite loci consensus
 genotypes for black bears sampled in via noninvasive genetic sampling
 (i.e., hair snares and scat collection) in western Oklahoma (USA) during
 summers of 2022 and 2023, or via harvest in northeastern New Mexico (USA)
 during summer/fall of 2021. ##### Variables * Bear_ID: Unique ID assigned
 to each black bear sampled * State: Indicates if the black bear was
 sampled in Oklahoma (OK) or New Mexico (NM), USA * Sample_Type: Indicates
 if the black bear genetic sample was collected from Tissue (i.e., a
 harvested bear) or noninvasively via hair, scat, or both hair and scat *
 Sex: Indicates if the black bear was Male (M) or Female (F); Sex
 identification based on amplification of SE47-48 markers * Year: Indicates
 the year the black bear was first sampled * Date_Collected: Indicates the
 date the black bear was first sampled (format: MM/DD/YYYY) *
 UTM_Zone: Indicates the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
 zone for coordinates (Easting and Northing) * Easting: The horizontal
 distance (x-coordinate) eastward in meters for the UTM Zone *
 Northing: The vertical distance (y-coordinate) northward in meters for the
 UTM Zone * CXX.20.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus CXX.20; 0 in allele
 call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from
 failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among
 amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication *
 CXX.20.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus CXX.20; 0 in allele call
 indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure
 to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among
 amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication *
 D1a.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus D1a; 0 in allele call indicates
 uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to
 amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification
 replicates that could not be resolved through replication * D1a.2: Allele
 2 for microsatellite locus D1a; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty
 (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low
 amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates
 that could not be resolved through replication * G10B.1: Allele 1 for
 microsatellite locus G10B; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e.,
 incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification
 success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not
 be resolved through replication * G10B.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite
 locus G10B; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete
 genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success,
 or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be
 resolved through replication * G10C.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus
 G10C; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes)
 resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or
 inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved
 through replication * G10C.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10C; 0 in
 allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting
 from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies
 among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through
 replication * G10H.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10H; 0 in allele
 call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from
 failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among
 amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication *
 G10H.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10H; 0 in allele call indicates
 uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to
 amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification
 replicates that could not be resolved through replication * G10L.1: Allele
 1 for microsatellite locus G10L; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty
 (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low
 amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates
 that could not be resolved through replication * G10L.2: Allele 2 for
 microsatellite locus G10L; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e.,
 incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification
 success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not
 be resolved through replication * G10M.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite
 locus G10M; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete
 genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success,
 or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be
 resolved through replication * G10M.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus
 G10M; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes)
 resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or
 inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved
 through replication * G10X.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10X; 0 in
 allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting
 from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies
 among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through
 replication * G10X.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10X; 0 in allele
 call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from
 failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among
 amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication *
 G1D.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G1D; 0 in allele call indicates
 uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to
 amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification
 replicates that could not be resolved through replication * G1D.2: Allele
 2 for microsatellite locus G1D; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty
 (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low
 amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates
 that could not be resolved through replication * Mu15.1: Allele 1 for
 microsatellite locus Mu15; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e.,
 incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification
 success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not
 be resolved through replication * Mu15.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite
 locus Mu15; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete
 genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success,
 or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be
 resolved through replication * Mu59.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus
 Mu59; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes)
 resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or
 inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved
 through replication * Mu59.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus Mu59; 0 in
 allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting
 from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies
 among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through
 replication ## Code/software No specialized software is required. All data
 is formatted as simple text files that may be viewed with any text editor.
 ## Access information Not Applicable