cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321532.v1
title: MOBILITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY: A NOTE ON THE ECONOMIC VALUATION OF TRAVEL TIME IN GREATER SÃO PAULO

description: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce into the debate on valuation of urban workers travel time an alternative view that integrates some of their transmission channels to the economy. The relationship between commuting time, mobility and productivity is explored, along with the ability to capture higher order (general equilibrium) effects in a spatial economic system. The proposed method is applied to the case of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR). In addition to offering additional parameters for economic assessment of urban mobility projects in the SPMR, we calculate the economic losses associated with excessive mobility frictions in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321534.v1
title: FROM EXTERNAL STRANGULATION TO MORATORIUM: THE BRAZILIAN NEGOTIATION WITH IMF IN FIGUEIREDO'S ADMINISTRATION (1979-1985)

description: ABSTRACT External indebtedness process adopted in the 1970s was directly associated with borrowing of the II PND. The need for legitimacy of discretionary regime compelled the government to enter the Brazilian economy recklessly in the international financial system. After the second oil shock in 1979, the economic policy of technocracy came down to manage the balance of payments crisis. It was established, then, a long and hesitant negotiation with the IMF and international creditors, whose differences entailed tried the declaration of moratorium on foreign debt years later.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321535
title: EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOW IN SOUTH AMERICA

description: ABSTRACT Due to the importance of the exchange rate in foreign trade and given that fluctuations in the exchange rate can modify the scale of prices among countries, this research aimed to identify the impact of the volatility of bilateral real exchange rate on trade flows among the South American countries. For that purpose, a gravity model was estimated using a sample of nine countries for a period between 1997 and 2011. The method used in the estimation of equations was the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likehood (PPML) model. The results showed that instability in exchange rates is detrimental to trade relations among the countries of South America, since greater exchange rate uncertainty pushes economic agents, in the long run, towards reducing their international trade activities due to high exposure to risk. Another important result was that Mercosul member countries have indeed benefited from the advantages offered by the block, such as the reduction of trade tariffs. Regarding the variable used to detect the effect of the subprime crisis in 2008, it was found an increase in the trade flow by South American countries in this period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321535.v1
title: EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOW IN SOUTH AMERICA

description: ABSTRACT Due to the importance of the exchange rate in foreign trade and given that fluctuations in the exchange rate can modify the scale of prices among countries, this research aimed to identify the impact of the volatility of bilateral real exchange rate on trade flows among the South American countries. For that purpose, a gravity model was estimated using a sample of nine countries for a period between 1997 and 2011. The method used in the estimation of equations was the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likehood (PPML) model. The results showed that instability in exchange rates is detrimental to trade relations among the countries of South America, since greater exchange rate uncertainty pushes economic agents, in the long run, towards reducing their international trade activities due to high exposure to risk. Another important result was that Mercosul member countries have indeed benefited from the advantages offered by the block, such as the reduction of trade tariffs. Regarding the variable used to detect the effect of the subprime crisis in 2008, it was found an increase in the trade flow by South American countries in this period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321537
title: THE COST OF DIRECT TAXATION ON INVESTMENT IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT This paper analyzed the impact of taxation on the investment in Brazil, focusing on the taxation of corporate income. Following the literature, it was used an economic model to calculate two indicators of effective tax rates - Effective Marginal Tax Rate (EMTR) and Effective Average Tax Rate (EATR). The EMTR measures the increase of the cost of capital due to corporate income tax. The EATR represents a measure of the average tax rate levied on an investment that has a pre-defined economic profit. The results suggest Brazil may face some difficulties to attract foreign investment. The country presents high rates for EATR and EMTR, higher than the average of the rich countries and well above the figures of development countries like Chile, Mexico, South Africa, Russia and China, potential competitors in attracting investments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321537.v1
title: THE COST OF DIRECT TAXATION ON INVESTMENT IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT This paper analyzed the impact of taxation on the investment in Brazil, focusing on the taxation of corporate income. Following the literature, it was used an economic model to calculate two indicators of effective tax rates - Effective Marginal Tax Rate (EMTR) and Effective Average Tax Rate (EATR). The EMTR measures the increase of the cost of capital due to corporate income tax. The EATR represents a measure of the average tax rate levied on an investment that has a pre-defined economic profit. The results suggest Brazil may face some difficulties to attract foreign investment. The country presents high rates for EATR and EMTR, higher than the average of the rich countries and well above the figures of development countries like Chile, Mexico, South Africa, Russia and China, potential competitors in attracting investments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321538
title: AGRARIAN DYNAMICS, INSTITUTIONS AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE FOR THESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMAZON

description: ABSTRACT Referring to the Institutionalist debate in economics, the article discusses institutional arrangements in the Amazon taking into accountthe structural diversity that characterizes the rural sector in the region. Based onthe different patterns of relationships between technological trajectories, two large representative configurations of development conditions are established: i) rural economies based on agriculture and livestock, and ii) economies based on agroforestry systems. Comparing the results of agricultural censuses of 1995 and 2006 one finds, for each case, structural changes in the period and speed, fundamentals and impacts of growth are analyzed. Special attention is given to the institutional foundations of the processes. As a result, two large institutional arrangements are presented, one that has the "land market", and another that has the rules of access to common resources of biomes and ecosystems as its core foundation. Formal institutional mechanisms operate in each territory and interact with these informal institutions, and that characterizes the prevailing territorial governance. As a conclusion, it is found that a practical implication of it is that development policies based on sustainability should seriously consider these distinctions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321538.v1
title: AGRARIAN DYNAMICS, INSTITUTIONS AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE FOR THESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMAZON

description: ABSTRACT Referring to the Institutionalist debate in economics, the article discusses institutional arrangements in the Amazon taking into accountthe structural diversity that characterizes the rural sector in the region. Based onthe different patterns of relationships between technological trajectories, two large representative configurations of development conditions are established: i) rural economies based on agriculture and livestock, and ii) economies based on agroforestry systems. Comparing the results of agricultural censuses of 1995 and 2006 one finds, for each case, structural changes in the period and speed, fundamentals and impacts of growth are analyzed. Special attention is given to the institutional foundations of the processes. As a result, two large institutional arrangements are presented, one that has the "land market", and another that has the rules of access to common resources of biomes and ecosystems as its core foundation. Formal institutional mechanisms operate in each territory and interact with these informal institutions, and that characterizes the prevailing territorial governance. As a conclusion, it is found that a practical implication of it is that development policies based on sustainability should seriously consider these distinctions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321540
title: SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY AND CHINESE MIGRATION FLOW: INTERPRETATION OF CONTEMPORARY EVENTS ACCORDING TO CLASSICS OF DEVELOPMENT

description: ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the evolution of Chinese migration, focusing on the worsening distribution of income, the concentration of investments and planning for the development of inland China, being grounded, in most cases, by the classical thinkers of development. It could be seen that provinces with larger investments are the most sought after by migrants who are in the search of better opportunities. The concentration of urbanization in the coastal region and regional inequalities in China may be mitigated through a regional development focused on disadvantaged provinces, causing workers seek opportunities in their own provinces.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321540.v1
title: SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY AND CHINESE MIGRATION FLOW: INTERPRETATION OF CONTEMPORARY EVENTS ACCORDING TO CLASSICS OF DEVELOPMENT

description: ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the evolution of Chinese migration, focusing on the worsening distribution of income, the concentration of investments and planning for the development of inland China, being grounded, in most cases, by the classical thinkers of development. It could be seen that provinces with larger investments are the most sought after by migrants who are in the search of better opportunities. The concentration of urbanization in the coastal region and regional inequalities in China may be mitigated through a regional development focused on disadvantaged provinces, causing workers seek opportunities in their own provinces.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321541.v1
title: CREDIT CYCLES, DEFAULTS AND ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT The economic literature in the Keynesian tradition disagrees on the relationship between income levels and debt charge-off ratios: while the Post-Keynesian analysis, in especial that of Minsky (1986), indicates an increasing financial fragility during economic booms, the New Keynesians state that these periods are characterized by an easiness in information asymmetry problems and greater robustness of the financial system as income expands. This article analyzes the relationship between the behavior of credit defaults and the cyclical variations in economic activity in Brazil. Using monthly data ranging from 2001 to 2013, a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) was estimated to analyze the credit cycles in the indicated time period. The results show that a positive income shock stimulates credit concessions and reduces charge-off ratios in the short run, but, in the long-run, a reduced credit rationing is followed by a greater risk exposure by the financial institutions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321541
title: CREDIT CYCLES, DEFAULTS AND ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT The economic literature in the Keynesian tradition disagrees on the relationship between income levels and debt charge-off ratios: while the Post-Keynesian analysis, in especial that of Minsky (1986), indicates an increasing financial fragility during economic booms, the New Keynesians state that these periods are characterized by an easiness in information asymmetry problems and greater robustness of the financial system as income expands. This article analyzes the relationship between the behavior of credit defaults and the cyclical variations in economic activity in Brazil. Using monthly data ranging from 2001 to 2013, a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) was estimated to analyze the credit cycles in the indicated time period. The results show that a positive income shock stimulates credit concessions and reduces charge-off ratios in the short run, but, in the long-run, a reduced credit rationing is followed by a greater risk exposure by the financial institutions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321543.v1
title: ECONOMIC DYNAMIC ANDBUSINESS CYCLES IN THE BRAZILIAN ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FOR THE POST-REAL PERIOD

description: ABSTRACT The exam of Brazilian Economy’s cyclic in the post-real period is considered a relevant theme when considered that the this it indicates the simultaneous existence of supply and demand shocks. Tring to show it, the models Money-in-the-Utility function (MIU) and Cash-in-Advanced (CIA) have been used. Although the artificial economies simulated -pattern and monetary- have shown higher adequacy to stylized facts when the rigidities of prices and salaries are considered, the volatile behavior of nominal variables had not been completely reproduced in both artificial economy. The effect of monetary shocks can’t be under estimated, because they showed characteristic behavior of economies with a certain level of instability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5671570
title: MEASURING EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY AMONG NORTHEASTERN´S COUNTIES

description: ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze educational inequality in the Northeast Region of Brazil based on data from the 2010 Census. For this purpose, the Educational Gini Index (IGE) has been estimated for the portion of the economically active population aged 15 years and over residing in the 1793 municipalities of the Northeast. Analytical techniques included Spatial Data (ESDA) and Spatial Regression Analysis to detect the importance of a number of variables related to household, education and the economy of counties accounted for in the IGE. Results suggest that the state of Bahia shows the lowest educational inequality rates among all Northeast states, while Alagoas is the one with the highest inequality rate (0.467). As for the spatial analysis of educational inequality, spatial dependence has been detected regarding the municipalities and their neighbors. It has also been found that per capita income, net school attendance, IES presence and municipal per capita PIB contribute to the reduction of inequality. And the low impact of educational variables can be attributed to their long-term effect; as a result, investment and public policies directed to educational become really important, since they will only have an impact on the reduction of educational inequality among the municipalities in the long run.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5671570.v1
title: MEASURING EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY AMONG NORTHEASTERN´S COUNTIES

description: ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze educational inequality in the Northeast Region of Brazil based on data from the 2010 Census. For this purpose, the Educational Gini Index (IGE) has been estimated for the portion of the economically active population aged 15 years and over residing in the 1793 municipalities of the Northeast. Analytical techniques included Spatial Data (ESDA) and Spatial Regression Analysis to detect the importance of a number of variables related to household, education and the economy of counties accounted for in the IGE. Results suggest that the state of Bahia shows the lowest educational inequality rates among all Northeast states, while Alagoas is the one with the highest inequality rate (0.467). As for the spatial analysis of educational inequality, spatial dependence has been detected regarding the municipalities and their neighbors. It has also been found that per capita income, net school attendance, IES presence and municipal per capita PIB contribute to the reduction of inequality. And the low impact of educational variables can be attributed to their long-term effect; as a result, investment and public policies directed to educational become really important, since they will only have an impact on the reduction of educational inequality among the municipalities in the long run.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321543
title: ECONOMIC DYNAMIC ANDBUSINESS CYCLES IN THE BRAZILIAN ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FOR THE POST-REAL PERIOD

description: ABSTRACT The exam of Brazilian Economy’s cyclic in the post-real period is considered a relevant theme when considered that the this it indicates the simultaneous existence of supply and demand shocks. Tring to show it, the models Money-in-the-Utility function (MIU) and Cash-in-Advanced (CIA) have been used. Although the artificial economies simulated -pattern and monetary- have shown higher adequacy to stylized facts when the rigidities of prices and salaries are considered, the volatile behavior of nominal variables had not been completely reproduced in both artificial economy. The effect of monetary shocks can’t be under estimated, because they showed characteristic behavior of economies with a certain level of instability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321544
title: MONETARY POLICY AND LABOR MARKET IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT From a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, following Christoffel, Kuester and Linzert (2009), with searching and matching frictions, this study aims to verify the effects of a negative monetary policy shock on the Brazilian labor market. The simulations show that the shock leads to heating of domestic consumption, increased hiring by firms and raising the wage after the bargaining process. However, the same schock reduces the probability of new vacancies be filled, as the increase in the number of matches is less than the increase in available positions, which hinders a sharper fall in unemployment. Finally, the comparison of model standard deviations and correlations to the data points to evidence of a possible strong wage rigity process in the country, hindering the employee’s earnings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14321544.v1
title: MONETARY POLICY AND LABOR MARKET IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT From a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, following Christoffel, Kuester and Linzert (2009), with searching and matching frictions, this study aims to verify the effects of a negative monetary policy shock on the Brazilian labor market. The simulations show that the shock leads to heating of domestic consumption, increased hiring by firms and raising the wage after the bargaining process. However, the same schock reduces the probability of new vacancies be filled, as the increase in the number of matches is less than the increase in available positions, which hinders a sharper fall in unemployment. Finally, the comparison of model standard deviations and correlations to the data points to evidence of a possible strong wage rigity process in the country, hindering the employee’s earnings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125105
title: HUMAN CAPITAL OR WILD CAPITALISM? AN APPRAISAL OF THE CONTROVERSIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DURING THE BRAZILIAN "MIRACLE"

description: ABSTRACT This article aims at providing an overview of the Brazilian income distribution controversyduring the 1960´s.To that end, we present the key arguments of theso-called “official” interpretation, based mostly on Langoni's (1973) study, as well as the main criticisms it received.The “official” interpretation states that the increase in the inequality of income distribution between 1960 and 1970 is a natural and transitory consequence of the disequilibrium between thesupply and demand of qualified labor,within the context of a high economic growth. However, from our part and in line with the main criticisms it received, we suggest that the "official" interpretation offers arguments which actually hinder the importance of crucial elements, both theoretical and empirical, linked tothe organizational hierarchy of businesses, to the economic policy adopted by the military government and to the pattern of capitalist development in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125105.v1
title: HUMAN CAPITAL OR WILD CAPITALISM? AN APPRAISAL OF THE CONTROVERSIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DURING THE BRAZILIAN "MIRACLE"

description: ABSTRACT This article aims at providing an overview of the Brazilian income distribution controversyduring the 1960´s.To that end, we present the key arguments of theso-called “official” interpretation, based mostly on Langoni's (1973) study, as well as the main criticisms it received.The “official” interpretation states that the increase in the inequality of income distribution between 1960 and 1970 is a natural and transitory consequence of the disequilibrium between thesupply and demand of qualified labor,within the context of a high economic growth. However, from our part and in line with the main criticisms it received, we suggest that the "official" interpretation offers arguments which actually hinder the importance of crucial elements, both theoretical and empirical, linked tothe organizational hierarchy of businesses, to the economic policy adopted by the military government and to the pattern of capitalist development in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125102.v1
title: DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION AND ACCEPTANCE FOR PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES: A CASE STUDY IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT This study estimates the probability of rural producers participating and accepting payments from a program of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the Paraíba do Sul river basin, Brazil, for productive conversion activities and conservation and regeneration of forestland, based on a survey with the potential providers. The identification strategy estimates the probability functions of participating in the PES program and of accepting the payment conditioned to economic factors and perceptions with factorial analysis techniques and econometric models in one and two stages. The results show that adherence to PSA programs is influenced not only by factors relating to the financial opportunity cost for adopting new activities, but mainly by factors relating to prior knowledge of the providers on technical issues relating to the program and their perceptions on risks and uncertainty regarding of the effort level required to adopt the program.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125102
title: DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION AND ACCEPTANCE FOR PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES: A CASE STUDY IN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT This study estimates the probability of rural producers participating and accepting payments from a program of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the Paraíba do Sul river basin, Brazil, for productive conversion activities and conservation and regeneration of forestland, based on a survey with the potential providers. The identification strategy estimates the probability functions of participating in the PES program and of accepting the payment conditioned to economic factors and perceptions with factorial analysis techniques and econometric models in one and two stages. The results show that adherence to PSA programs is influenced not only by factors relating to the financial opportunity cost for adopting new activities, but mainly by factors relating to prior knowledge of the providers on technical issues relating to the program and their perceptions on risks and uncertainty regarding of the effort level required to adopt the program.