cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbrq
title: High mortality rates in a juvenile free-ranging marine predator and links to dive and forage ability

description: 1. High juvenile mortality rates are typical of many long-lived marine
 vertebrate predators. Insufficient development in dive and forage ability
 are considered key drivers of this. However, direct links to survival
 outcome are sparse, particularly in free-ranging marine animals that may
 not return to land. 2. In this study, we conduct exploratory
 investigations toward early mortality in juvenile southern elephant seals
 Mirounga leonina. 20 post-weaning pups were equipped with (1) a new
 generation satellite relay data tag, capable of remotely transmitting
 fine-scale behavioural movements from accelerometers, and (2) a location
 transmitting only tag (so that mortality events could be distinguished
 from device failures). Individuals were followed during their first trip
 at sea (until mortality or return to land). Two analyses were conducted.
 First, the behavioural movements and encountered environmental conditions
 of non-surviving pups were individually compared to temporally concurrent
 observations from grouped survivors. Second, common causes of mortality
 were investigated using Cox’s proportional hazard regression and penalised
 shrinkage techniques. 3. Nine individuals died (two females and seven
 males) and 11 survived (eight females and three males). All but one
 individual died before the return phase of their first trip at sea, and
 all but one were negatively buoyant. Causes of death were variable,
 although common factors included increased horizontal travel speeds,
 decreased development in dive and forage ability, and habitat type visited
 (lower sea surface temperatures and decreased total (eddy) kinetic
 energy). 4. For long-lived marine vertebrate predators, such as the
 southern elephant seal, the first few months of life following
 independence represent a critical period, when small deviations in
 behaviour from the norm appear sufficient to increase mortality risk.
 Survival rates may subsequently be particularly vulnerable to changes in
 climate and environment, which will have concomitant consequences on the
 demography and dynamics of populations.    
description: Biologging data associated with the linked article, "High
 mortality rates in a juvenile free-ranging marine predator and links to
 dive and forage ability", in Ecology and Evolution.
 File descriptions:
 survivalBaseData_locationsHourly_bsam.csv - hourly location
 outputs from state space model as detailed in Methods section of article
 and Supplementary Materials S.2.
 survivalBaseData_diveMetrics.csv - near raw dive data transmitted
 form DSA tas. survivalBaseData_bodyConditions.csv -
 predicted body conditions used in study - as calculated according to
 Supplementary Materials S.3.
 processedData_survivalAnalysis_fullTrips.csv - processed data (as
 described in the Methods section of the article) used in comparative and
 statistical analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqjqr
title: Testing size-frequency distributions as a method of ontogenetic aging: a life history assessment of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, with implications for hadrosaurid paleoecology

description: Hadrosaurid dinosaurs, the dominant large-bodied terrestrial herbivores in
 most Laurasian Late Cretaceous ecosystems, have an exceptional fossil
 record consisting of many species known from partial ontogenetic series
 making them an ideal clade with which to conduct life history studies.
 Previous research considered the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta
 as an attritional, or time-averaged, sample and interpreted size-frequency
 distribution of long bones collected from the DPF with three size classes
 to suggest that hadrosaurids from the DPF attained near-asymptotic body
 size in under three years. This conflicted with previously published
 osteohistological estimates of 6+ years for penecontemporaneous
 hadrosaurids from the Two Medicine Formation (TMF) of Montana suggesting
 either extreme variation in hadrosaurid growth rates or that
 size-frequency distributions and/or osteohistology and growth modeling
 inaccurately estimate ontogenetic age. We tested the validity of the
 previously proposed size-age relationship of hadrosaurids from the DPF by
 significantly increasing sample size and combining data from
 size-frequency distributions and osteohistology across multiple long bones
 elements. The newly constructed size-frequency distributions typically
 reveal four relatively distinct size-frequency peaks that, when integrated
 with the osteohistological data, aligned with growth marks. The yearling
 size class was heavily underrepresented in the size-frequency
 distribution. If not due to preservation, this suggests that either
 juvenile (&lt; 2 years of age) hadrosaurids from the DPF had increased
 survivorship following an initially high nestling mortality rate, or that
 yearlings were segregated from adults. A growth curve analysis revealed
 asymptotic body size was attained in approximately 7 years, which is
 consistent with hadrosaurids from the TMF. The data suggest size-frequency
 distributions of attritional samples underestimate age and overestimate
 growth rates, but when paired with osteohistology can provide unique life
 history insights.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf1w2
title: Electrical conductivity versus temperature in freezing conditions: a field experiment using a basket geothermal heat exchanger

description: In-situ experiment. Geothermal setup: Five heat exchangers (HE)
 are arranged in a line and are buried between 1.1 and 3.5 meters. Just two
 baskets worked: one (HE.5) for a correct functioning of the heat pump and
 the other (HE1) to freeze the ground. only, this last exchanger (HE1) has
 been monitored in temperature and electrical resistivity tomography. The
 basket HE.5 is too far away to have an influence during this experiment,
 the heat pump was started at 0 hour and worked during 518 hours. The
 temperature of ground was recorded every minutes, thanks to 41 probes (4
 wire Pt100), divided into 7 vertical profils. theses profiles are located
 at 0, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 20, 21 meters (x-distance), and the used heat
 exchangers are at 7 meters for the HE.1 and at 24 meters for the HE.5,
 respectively. Electrical Resitivity Tomography (ERT): Before and during
 the running of the geothermal system, gephysical monitoring was carried
 out. At the end, nine tomography images were recorded using a SAS-1000
 Terrameter (ABEM) associated with 64 electrodes arranged in straigth line
 (2D acquisition, with a spacing between electrodes of one meter). Apparent
 resisitivities were inverted with IP4DI software, incorporating spatial
 and time regularization --Laboratory experiments-- we sampled the soil
 around the exchanger using an auger. the soil consists of a mixture of
 clay, silts and some gravels. Two samples are selected in order to conduct
 some electrical measurement at different temperature. They were dried and
 then saturated with water from the aquifer (0.117 S/m at 27°C) and put in
 a thermo-regulated bath (KISS K6 from Huber). At each temperature level, a
 SIP spectrum was performed with ZSIP, from 0.01 hz to 45 khz.Temperature
 levels are  20, 15, 10, 5, 2, 0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -14, -18°C.
 FIles--- Field. Temperature measurements and inverted resitivity: This
 file contains the temperature measurements and inverted resistivities from
 geophysical monitoring, presented in the article.  Field.
 Comparaison conductivity vs temperature: This file corresponds to the data
 extracted from the temperature and inverted resistivity sections in order
 to attest the resistivity vs temperature relationship.  -
 Laboratory. Comparaison conductivity vs temperature: This file contains
 the data of the phase and quadrature conductivity as a function of
 temperature for both samples measured in the laboratory by SIP method.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbjm
title: Osteology of the late Triassic bipedal archosaur Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from Western North America

description: Poposaurus gracilis is a bipedal pseudosuchian archosaur that has
 been poorly understood since the discovery of the holotype fragmentary
 partial postcranial skeleton in
 1915. Poposaurus. gracilis is a member of
 Poposauroidea, an unusually morphologically divergent clade of
 pseudosuchians containing taxa that are bipedal, quadrupedal, toothed,
 edentulous, and some individuals with elongated thoracic neural spines
 (i.e., sails). In 2003, a well preserved, fully articulated, and nearly
 complete postcranial skeleton
 of P. gracilis was discovered with some
 fragmentary cranial elements from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of
 Grand Staircase‐Escalante National Monument of southern Utah, USA. The aim
 of this work is to describe the osteology of this specimen in detail and
 compare P. gracilis to other closely related
 pseudosuchian archosaurs. The open neurocentral sutures throughout the
 majority of the vertebral column, the small size of this individual, and
 the presence of seven evenly spaced cyclic growth marks in the
 histologically sectioned femur indicate that this specimen was a
 skeletally immature juvenile, or subadult when it died. The pes
 of P. gracilis contains multiple skeletal
 adaptations and osteological correlates for soft tissue structures that
 support a hypothesis of digitigrady for this taxon. When coupled with the
 numerous postcranial characters associated with cursoriality, and the many
 anatomical traits convergent with theropod dinosaurs, this animal likely
 occupied a similar ecological niche with contemporaneous theropods during
 the Late Triassic Period.
description: Photomicrograph of a mid-diaphyseal thin-section through the left
 femur of <i>Poposaurus gracilis</i> (YPM 57100) viewed under
 polarized light with quarter wave retardation plate.
 Computed tomography (CT) scan of thoracic (trunk, dorsal)
 vertebrae 4-8 of <i>Poposaurus gracilis </i>(YPM 57100) in
 DICOM format. The specimen was scanned at the University of Utah Medical
 Center with a 164 slice dual energy Siemens SOMATOM Definition CT unit at
 a slice thickness of 0.6 mm (kVp 140, mAs 500) with data reconstructed in
 40 and 60 bone sharp algorithm kernels. Computed
 tomography (CT) scan of thoracic (trunk, doral) vertebrae 9-12, and S1 of
 <i>Poposaurus gracilis </i>(YPM 57100) in DICOM format. The
 specimen was scanned at the University of Utah Medical Center with a 164
 slice dual energy Siemens SOMATOM Definition CT unit at a slice thickness
 of 0.6 mm (kVp 140, mAs 500) with data reconstructed in 40 and 60 bone
 sharp algorithm kernels. Computed tomography (CT) scan
 of the sacrum and attached right ilium of <i>Poposaurus gracilis
 </i>(YPM 57100) in DICOM format. The specimen was scanned at the
 University of Utah Medical Center with a 164 slice dual energy Siemens
 SOMATOM Definition CT unit at a slice thickness of 0.6 mm (kVp 140, mAs
 500) with data reconstructed in 40 and 60 bone sharp algorithm
 kernels.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6m905qfw5
title: Multiple lineages of hyper-diverse Zopheridae beetles survived the New Zealand Oligocene Drowning

description: Aim: During the late Oligocene (23 mya) the New Zealand landmass was
 reduced to approximately 18% of its current area. It has been hypothesized
 that this event, known as the Oligocene Drowning, caused population
 bottlenecking and mass extinction. Using phylogenetic methods, we examine
 the effect of this and other environmental events on the hyper-diverse
 Zopheridae beetles (162 morpho-species), which largely inhabit leaf litter
 and dead wood. Location: New Zealand Taxon: Zopheridae, Coleoptera
 Methods: Here we use a fossil-calibrated phylogenetic tree estimated from
 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nuclear large subunit
 rRNA genes to identify monophyletic New Zealand zopherid lineages and date
 the age of these lineages. We used Bayesian diversification models
 (compound Poisson process on mass-extinction times) to test the hypothesis
 that the New Zealand zopherids underwent a mass extinction in the late
 Oligocene followed by an increase in speciation rate in the Miocene. We
 also used these data to estimate the age of these lineages in New Zealand.
 Results: We demonstrate that 15 to 20 zopherid lineages survived the
 Oligocene Drowning depending on the calibration scheme. Of these lineages
 from three to 11 have posterior intervals that encompass the rifting of
 New Zealand from Gondwana in the late Cretaceous, again depending on the
 calibration scheme. The diversification model shows no evidence of an
 increase in extinction rate during the Oligocene Drowning or during any
 other period since the Cretaceous. Furthermore, rather than recovering an
 increase in speciation rate during the Miocene and Pliocene, due to
 environmental changes, we instead recovered a large drop in the speciation
 rate during this time. Main conclusion: The New Zealand zopherid fauna is
 a combination of lineages, some of which may have existed on New Zealand
 since the rifting from Gondwana and other more recent arrivals. The
 late-Oligocene reduction in land area was insufficient to cause a mass
 extinction in the Zopheridae. This suggests the amount of emergent land
 was great enough to support a diverse invertebrate fauna. Our study
 demonstrates the different biogeographic patterns evident in cryptic,
 hyperdiverse, and poorly dispersing invertebrate species relative to more
 mobile plants and animals.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c866t1g3c
title: Data from: From cryptic to colourful: evolutionary decoupling of larval and adult colour in butterflies

description: Many animals undergo complete metamorphosis, where larval forms change
 abruptly in adulthood. Colour change during ontogeny is common, but there
 is little understanding of evolutionary patterns in these changes. Here we
 use data on larval and adult colour for 246 butterfly species (61% of all
 species in Australia) to test whether the evolution of colour is coupled
 between life stages. We show that adults are more variable in colour
 across species than caterpillars and that male adult colour has lower
 phylogenetic signal. These results suggest that sexual selection is
 driving colour diversity in male adult butterflies at a broad scale.
 Moreover, colour similarities between species at the larval stage do not
 predict colour similarities at the adult stage, indicating that colour
 evolution is decoupled between young and adult forms. Most species
 transition from cryptic coloration as caterpillars to conspicuous
 colouration as adults, but even species with conspicuous caterpillars
 change to different conspicuous colours as adults. The use of
 high-contrast coloration is correlated with body size in caterpillars but
 not adults. Taken together, our results suggest a change in the relative
 importance of different selective pressures at different life stages,
 resulting in the evolutionary decoupling of coloration through
 ontogeny. 
description: We collected standarised RGB values from online photographs for
 246 species of Australian butterflies and their caterpillars. The sRGB
 values presented were converted from raw aRGB values and an equation in an
 R function, which can be sent on request.
 butter2_extractecNov11.csv -- dataset with all colours measured,
 for use in R code butter2_extractecNov11.xls -- dataset
 but with metadata as tab Also included: phylogenies
 used, file names to match data with phylogeny, R code and R functions
 employed.
description: Column headings for dataset: 
 species species name, does not match phylogeny so file with names is needed to match fam family code code of individual measure colour general colour measured percentage area occupied by colour measured stage life stage measured Ili_apo aposematism code, not used in analyses but collected (3 highly conspicuous and probably aposematic) quality quality of the photo , with 3 being the highest quality, analyses of high quality include only those with 3 size_cat caterpillar size size_adult adult size measure_code code of measurement, all info combined fit1$cluster values of colour cluster ID sR standard R, raw value measured from photo, converted from aRGB sG standard G, raw value measured from photo, converted from aRGB sB standard B, raw value measured from photo, converted from aRGB R_c R value of cluster the colour was assigned to, all analyses done with this RGB coordinates G_c G value of cluster the colour was assigned to, all analyses done with this RGB coordinates B_c B value of cluster the colour was assigned to, all analyses done with this RGB coordinates
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y92nx5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 111 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Country is Russian Federation",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Enhydra lutris"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 111 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002054-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n87m2p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8837 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Maurolicus muelleri",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "DecimalLatitude is greater than -90",
 "DecimalLatitude is less than 90",
 "DecimalLongitude is greater than -180",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1950",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2014"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8837 records from 90 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002055-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn05f
title: Data from: Insectivorous bats selectively source moths and eat mostly pest insects on dryland and irrigated cotton farms

description: Insectivorous bats are efficient predators
 of pest arthropods in agroecosystems.
 This pest control service has been estimated to be worth
 billions of dollars to agriculture globally. However, few studies have
 explicitly investigated the composition and abundance of
 dietary prey items consumed, or assessed the ratio
 of pest and beneficial arthropods, making it
 difficult to evaluate the quality of the pest control
 service provided. In this study, we used metabarcoding to identify the
 prey items eaten by insectivorous bats over
 the cottongrowing season in an intensive cropping region in
 northern New South Wales, Australia. We found that seven species
 of insectivorous bat (n = 58) consumed 728 prey species,
 13 of which represented around 50% of total prey abundance consumed.
 Importantly, the identified prey items included major arthropod pests,
 comprising 65% of prey relative abundance and13% of prey species
 recorded. Significant cotton pests such as Helicoverpa
 punctigera (Australian bollworm) and Achyra affinitalis
 (cotton webspinner) were detected in at least 76% of bat faecal
 samples, with Teleogryllus oceanicus (field crickets), H. armigera
 (cotton bollworm) and Crocidosema plebejana
 (cotton tipworm) detected in 55% of bat faecal samples. Our
 results indicate that insectivorous bats are
 selective predators that exploit a narrow selection of
 preferred pest taxa and potentially
 play an important role in controlling lepidopteran
 pests on cotton farms. Our study provides
 crucial information for farmers to determine the service or disservice
 provided by insectivorous bats in relation to
 crops, for on-farm decision making.
description: OTU data for bat diets. Species matches, OTUs and MegaBLAST
 results
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.crjdfn312
title: Evolution of a multifunctional trait: shared effects of foraging ecology and thermoregulation on beak morphology, with consequences for song evolution

description: While morphological traits are often associated with multiple functions,
 it remains unclear how evolution balances the selective effects of
 different functions. Birds' beaks function in foraging, but also in
 thermoregulating and singing, among other behaviours. Studies of beak
 evolution abound, however most focus on a single function. Thus, we
 quantified relative contributions of different functions over an
 evolutionary time scale. We measured beak shape using geometric
 morphometrics and compared this trait to foraging behaviour, climatic
 variables, and song characteristics in a phylogenetic comparative study of
 an Australasian radiation of songbirds (Meliphagidae). We found that both
 climate and foraging behaviour were significantly correlated with beak
 shape and size. However, foraging ecology had a greater effect on shape,
 and climate had a greater effect on size. We also found that evolutionary
 changes in beak morphology had significant consequences for vocal
 performance: species with elongate-shaped beaks sang at higher
 frequencies, while species with large beaks sang at a slower pace. The
 evolution of the avian beak exemplifies how morphological traits can
 represent an evolutionary compromise among functions, and suggest that
 specialization along any functional axis may increase ecological
 divergence or reproductive isolation along others.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.547d7wm45
title: Data from: Ecological pest control fortifies agricultural growth in Asia-Pacific economies

description: The Green Revolution is credited with alleviating famine, mitigating
 poverty and driving aggregate economic growth since the 1960s. In Asia,
 high-input technology packages secured a tripling of rice output, with
 germplasm improvements providing benefits beyond US$ 4.3 billion/year.
 Here, we unveil the magnitude and macro-economic relevance of parallel
 nature-based contributions to productivity growth in non-rice crops over
 1918-2018 (covering 23 different Asia-Pacific geopolitical entities). We
 empirically demonstrate how biological control resolved invasive pest
 threats in multiple agricultural commodities, ensuring annually-accruing
 (on-farm) benefits of US$ 14.6-19.5 billion/year. Scientifically-guided
 biological control of 43 exotic invertebrate pests permitted 73-100%
 yield-loss recovery in critical food, feed and fiber crops including
 banana, breadfruit, cassava and coconut. Biological control thereby
 promoted rural growth and prosperity even in marginal, poorly-endowed,
 non-rice environments. By placing agro-ecological innovations on equal
 footing with input-intensive measures, our work provides lessons for
 future efforts to mitigate invasive species, restore ecological resilience
 and sustainably raise output of global agri-food systems.