DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmz1
title: Data from: Evidence for diurnal bee pollination in the ancestrally hawkmoth-pollinated genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)

description: Shifts between diurnal and nocturnal pollination systems have been
 important in the radiation of the angiosperms. Here we examined the
 pollination ecology of Crinum campanulatum (Amaryllidaceae), an aquatic
 geophyte. Although visits by small noctuid moths were observed in the
 evening, the flowers of C. campanulatum were visited mainly by honeybees
 and carpenter bees. The species was found to be self-incompatible, and
 flowers exposed to only diurnal visitors produced a higher number of
 fruits and seeds than did those exposed to only nocturnal visitors.
 Overall seed production was not pollen-limited. The floral scent was found
 to be dominated by aromatic compounds, including many with functional
 groups containing nitrogen. The chemical composition of scent did not
 differ between day and night samples, but floral scent emissions during
 the day were c. 8-fold greater than those at night. Flower colour changes
 from white to a dark pink over four days from anthesis, which is
 associated with increased conspicuousness to bees. Ancestral state
 reconstruction revealed that long-tubed flowers pollinated by hawkmoths
 are ancestral and widespread in Crinum. These results are indicative of a
 shift from nocturnal to diurnal pollination in Crinum that is associated
 with a reduction in flower size and increase in diurnal scent emission.
description: # Data from: Evidence for diurnal bee pollination in the ancestrally
 hawkmoth-pollinated genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmz1](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmz1) ## Description of the data and file structure Haemanthus deformis seed dispersal data Primary Author: Hannah C. Butler OrcID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-2306](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-2306) Date created: 2024-09-21 Data pertains to article in Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society: "Evidence for diurnal bee pollination in the ancestrally hawkmoth-pollinated genus *Crinum* (Amaryllidaceae)". Methods of data collection/generation: See manuscript for details. Dates of data collection: Field data collected in 2023. Geographic locations of data collection: Eastern Cape, South Africa. See manuscript for details. ### Files and variables #### File: Crinum\_campanulatum\_all\_data.xlsx ## Description of the Data and file structure * File count: 1 * File format: Microsoft excel worksheet 1st excel sheet: floral measurements Includes columns: Season; Site; Plant; Flower; Stamen; Style; Petal length; Tube; Opening; Herkogamy; Colour; Nectar amount in the tube; Nectar amount (mm); Nectar amount (µl); Nectar concentration. Column titles are explained further in the methods section of the article. All data is in mm unless otherwise stated. The word "null" is used to replace blocks where no data was collected. 2nd excel sheet: nectar height Includes columns: Tube length; Nectar height. 3rd excel sheet: visitors Includes columns: Date; Site; Visitor; Number. 4th excel sheet: fruit and seed set raw data Includes columns: Season; Site; Treatment (initial); Treatment; Plant ID; Number initial flowers; Number fruits; Number seeds. The "number seeds" column refers to the number of seeds produced per fruit and is written with commas separating fruit. The word "null" is used to replace blocks where there is no data.