DOI: 10.6078/d1271p
title: Data from: The role of Southeast Asian island topography on Indo-Pacific climate and silicate weathering

description: The modern configuration of the South East Asian Islands (SEAI) evolved
 over the last fifteen million years, as a result of subduction, arc
 magmatism, and arc-continent collisions, contributing to both increased
 land area and high topography.  The presence of the additional
 land area has been postulated to enhance convective rainfall, facilitating
 both increased silicate weathering and the development of the modern-day
 Walker circulation.  Using an Earth System Model in conjunction
 with a climate-silicate weathering model, we argue instead for a
 significant role of SEAI topography for both effects.  This
 dataset archives model output used in this investigation, including
 simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2, and the
 climate-silicate weathering model GEOCLIM.
description: The dataset contains model output from:
 Chiang, JCH, P Maffre, NL Swanson-Hysell, and FA Macdonald, 2023:
 The role of Southeast Asian Island  topography on Indo-Pacific climate and
 silicate weathering.  Revised for Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate, Nov
 2023. All data are in Netcdf format, and were generated
 either by the Community Earth System Model 1.2 (Hurrell et al. 2013) or
 the climate-silicate weathering model GEOCLIM (Park et al.
 2020). Model output is organized into 6 tar
 files: <strong>1)
 B1850C5.tar</strong> Contains model output for
 the fully coupled CESM1.2 runs.  Monthly mean data for years 41-110 of the
 simulations.   a) Atmosphere model output for 2D fields
 and for 3D pressure vertical velocity (W) between 10S-10N.
 Filename description is 0% SEAI topography
 (aka flat SEAI): B1850C5_noSEAItopo_y41-110.nc and
 B1850C5_noSEAItopo_W_y41-110.nc 50% SEAI topography:
 B1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_y41-110.nc and
 B1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_W_y41-110.nc 100% SEAI topography
 (aka modern SEAI): B1850C5_y41-110.nc and B1850C5_W_y41-110.nc
 150% SEAI topogaphy: B1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_y41-110.nc and
 B1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_W_y41-110.nc 0% SEAI topogaphy and
 394.1ppm: B1850C5_noSEAItopo_394CO2_y41-110.nc and
 B1850C5_noSEAItopo_394CO2_W_y41-110.nc b) Ocean model
 output for subsurface temperature (bilinearly interpolated from the gx1v6
 ocean grid).   Filename description is
 0% SEAI topography (aka flat SEAI):
 B1850C5_noSEAItopo_ocn_y41-110.nc 100% SEAI topography
 (aka modern SEAI): B1850C5_ocn_y41-110.nc 
 <strong>2) E1850C5.tar</strong>
 Contains model output for the slab ocean CESM1.2 runs, for 2D
 fields and for 3D pressure vertical velocity (W) between 10S-10N.  Monthly
 mean data for years 41-70 of the simulations.  
 Filename description is No SEAI:
 E1850C5_noSEAI_y21-50.nc and E1850C5_noSEAI_W_y41-70.nc
 0% SEAI topography (aka flat SEAI): E1850C5_noSEAItopo_y41-70.nc
 and E1850C5_noSEAItopo_W_y41-70.nc 50% SEAI topography:
 E1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_y41-70.nc and
 E1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_W_y41-70.nc 100% SEAI topography
 (aka modern SEAI): E1850C5_y41-70.nc and E1850C5_W_y41-70.nc
 150% SEAI topogaphy:  E1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_y41-70.nc and
 E1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_W_y41-70.nc <strong>3)
 GEOCLIM.tar</strong> Contains model output from
 the climate-silicate weathering model GEOCLIM.  Data is provided for all
 573 parameter combinations.  There is one file for each year of the
 CESM1.2 simulation input denoted on the filename as 'yXX' where
 XX is from year 41 through 70. There are two
 subdirectories: 'Global-integrated' and
 'Spatial-fields' a) Files in the
 'Global-integrated' folder contain these variables:
 GMST: global mean surface temperature (in K)
 atm_CO2_level: atmospheric pCO2 (in ppm)
 degassing: globally-integrated CO2 flux (in mol/yr)
 Filename description is E1850C5_yXX_PIctrl.nc
 - GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2 slab ocean modern SEAI simulation as
 input, GEOCLIM topography set to modern, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to
 284.7ppm.  E1850C5_yXX_noSEAI_1xCO2.nc - GEOCLIM output
 using the CESM1.2 slab ocean no SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI
 removed, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. 
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAI_equil.nc - GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2
 slab ocean no SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI removed, and GEOCLIM
 pCO2 set so that system is in carbon flux equilibrium.  
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_1SEAIslope_1xCO2.nc - GEOCLIM output using
 the CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM topography
 set to modern, and pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. 
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_flatSEAIslope_1xCO2.nc - GEOCLIM output
 using the CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI
 topography set to flat, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. 
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_flatSEAIslope_equil.nc - GEOCLIM output
 using the CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI
 topography set to flat, and GEOCLIM pCO2 adjusted so that system is in
 carbon flux equilibrium.   b) Files in the
 'Spatial-fields' folder contain these variables:
 weathering_lithmean: Ca-Mg weathering rate for all lithology
 classes (mol/m^2/yr) Filename description is
 E1850C5_yXX_PIctrl_wthmap.nc - GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2
 slab ocean modern SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM topography set to
 modern, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. 
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAI_1xCO2_wthmap.nc - GEOCLIM output using the
 CESM1.2 slab ocean no SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI removed, and
 GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. 
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_flatSEAIslope_1xCO2_wthmap.nc - GEOCLIM
 output using the CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM
 SEAI topography set to flat, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to
 284.7ppm.  <strong>4)
 Surface.tar</strong> Contains land fraction and
 surface geopotential fields for the modern SEAI (Landfrac.nc) and no SEAI
 (Landfrac_noSEAI.nc) simulations <strong>5)
 CESM_input.tar </strong> Contains initialization
 and boundary condition files for running the various SEAI cases on
 CESM1.2.  There are 3 subdirectories: E1850C5_noSEAI, E1850C5_qflux, and
 Topography  a) E1850C5_noSEAI 
 Contains initialization and boundary condition files for the
 CESM1.2 slab ocean no SEAI case.  See the README.txt in that subdirectory
 for use information b) E1850C5_qflux
 Contains q-flux files for CESM1.2 slab ocean run for various
 case: pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217.nc -
 used for modern SEAI and flat SEAI cases
 pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217_noSEAI.nc - used for
 no SEAI case where mixed layer depth set to 16m and ocean heat flux
 convergence set to 0 W/m^2 over SEAI gridpoints
 pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217_noSEAI_HBLT32.nc -
 used for no SEAI case with mixed layer depth over SEAI gridpoints doubled
 to 32m
 pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217_noSEAI_QDP20.nc - used
 for no SEAI case with ocean heat flux convergence over SEAI gridpoints set
 to 20W/m^2 c) Topography Contains
 topography files for CESM1.2 slab ocean and fully coupled runs:
 USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027.nc - used for modern SEAI
 case USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_noSEAItopo.nc
 - used for flat SEAI case
 USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_noSEAI.nc - - used for no
 SEAI case (slab ocean only)
 USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_0.5SEAItopo.nc - used for 50%
 SEAI case (slab ocean only)
 USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_1.5SEAItopo.nc - used for
 150% SEAI case (slab ocean only) <strong>6)
 GEOCLIM_input.tar</strong> Contains CESM1.2 slab
 ocean simulation annual mean output used as input for the GEOCLIM
 simulations.   Data is organized in folders by year
 from 41 to year 70.   Filename description is as
 follows: E1850C5_2xCO2_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface
 data, modern SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, modern SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAI_2xCO2_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, no SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAI_2xCO2_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, no
 SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAI_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, no SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAI_TS_ANN_y41.nc -  Surface temperature data, no SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_2xCO2_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, flat
 SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_2xCO2_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature
 data, flat SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, flat SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, flat
 SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_TS_2xCO2_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, modern
 SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, modern SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm  
 References Hurrell, J.W., Holland, M.M., Gent,
 P.R., Ghan, S., Kay, J.E., Kushner, P.J., Lamarque, J.F., Large, W.G.,
 Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K. and Lipscomb, W.H., 2013. The community earth
 system model: a framework for collaborative research. Bulletin of the
 American Meteorological Society, 94(9), pp.1339-1360.
 Park, Y., Maffre, P., Goddéris, Y., Macdonald, F.A., Anttila,
 E.S. and Swanson-Hysell, N.L., 2020. Emergence of the Southeast Asian
 islands as a driver for Neogene cooling. Proceedings of the National
 Academy of Sciences, 117(41), pp.25319-25326.
  
description: Data from "The role of Southeast Asian Island topography on
 Indo-Pacific Climate and Silicate Weathering" \-- The dataset
 contains model output from: Chiang, JCH, P Maffre, NL Swanson-Hysell, and
 FA Macdonald, 2023: The role of Southeast Asian Island topography on
 Indo-Pacific climate and silicate weathering. Revised for Paleoceanography
 and Paleoclimate, Nov 2023. All data are in Netcdf format, and were
 generated either by the Community Earth System Model 1.2 (Hurrell et al.
 2013) or the climate-silicate weathering model GEOCLIM (Park et al. 2020).
 Model output is organized into 6 tar files: 1.B1850C5.tar Contains model
 output for the fully coupled CESM1.2 runs. Monthly mean data for years
 41-110 of the simulations. a) Atmosphere model output for 2D fields and
 for 3D pressure vertical velocity (W) between 10S-10N. Filename
 description is 0% SEAI topography (aka flat SEAI):
 B1850C5_noSEAItopo_y41-110.nc and B1850C5_noSEAItopo_W_y41-110.nc 50% SEAI
 topography: B1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_y41-110.nc and
 B1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_W_y41-110.nc 100% SEAI topography (aka modern SEAI):
 B1850C5_y41-110.nc and B1850C5_W_y41-110.nc 150% SEAI topogaphy:
 B1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_y41-110.nc and B1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_W_y41-110.nc 0%
 SEAI topogaphy and 394.1ppm: B1850C5_noSEAItopo_394CO2_y41-110.nc and
 B1850C5_noSEAItopo_394CO2_W_y41-110.nc b) Ocean model output for
 subsurface temperature (bilinearly interpolated from the gx1v6 ocean
 grid).\ Filename description is 0% SEAI topography (aka flat SEAI):
 B1850C5_noSEAItopo_ocn_y41-110.nc 100% SEAI topography (aka modern SEAI):
 B1850C5_ocn_y41-110.nc 2.E1850C5.tar Contains model output for the slab
 ocean CESM1.2 runs, for 2D fields and for 3D pressure vertical velocity
 (W) between 10S-10N. Monthly mean data for years 41-70 of the simulations.
 Filename description is No SEAI: E1850C5_noSEAI_y21-50.nc and
 E1850C5_noSEAI_W_y41-70.nc 0% SEAI topography (aka flat SEAI):
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_y41-70.nc and E1850C5_noSEAItopo_W_y41-70.nc 50% SEAI
 topography: E1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_y41-70.nc and
 E1850C5_0.5SEAItopo_W_y41-70.nc 100% SEAI topography (aka modern SEAI):
 E1850C5_y41-70.nc and E1850C5_W_y41-70.nc 150% SEAI topogaphy:
 E1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_y41-70.nc and E1850C5_1.5SEAItopo_W_y41-70.nc
 3.GEOCLIM.tar Contains model output from the climate-silicate weathering
 model GEOCLIM. Data is provided for all 573 parameter combinations. There
 is one file for each year of the CESM1.2 simulation input denoted on the
 filename as 'yXX' where XX is from year 41 through 70. There are
 two subdirectories: 'Global-integrated' and
 'Spatial-fields' a) Files in the 'Global-integrated'
 folder contain these variables: GMST: global mean surface temperature (in
 K) atm_CO2_level: atmospheric pCO2 (in ppm) degassing: globally-integrated
 CO2 flux (in mol/yr) Filename description is E1850C5_yXX_PIctrl.nc -
 GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2 slab ocean modern SEAI simulation as
 input, GEOCLIM topography set to modern, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to
 284.7ppm. E1850C5_yXX_noSEAI_1xCO2.nc - GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2
 slab ocean no SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI removed, and GEOCLIM
 pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. E1850C5_yXX_noSEAI_equil.nc - GEOCLIM output using
 the CESM1.2 slab ocean no SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI removed,
 and GEOCLIM pCO2 set so that system is in carbon flux equilibrium.\
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_1SEAIslope_1xCO2.nc - GEOCLIM output using the
 CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM topography set
 to modern, and pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm.
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_flatSEAIslope_1xCO2.nc - GEOCLIM output using the
 CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI topography
 set to flat, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm.
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_flatSEAIslope_equil.nc - GEOCLIM output using the
 CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI topography
 set to flat, and GEOCLIM pCO2 adjusted so that system is in carbon flux
 equilibrium. b) Files in the 'Spatial-fields' folder contain
 these variables: weathering_lithmean: Ca-Mg weathering rate for all
 lithology classes (mol/m^2/yr) Filename description is
 E1850C5_yXX_PIctrl_wthmap.nc - GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2 slab ocean
 modern SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM topography set to modern, and
 GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. E1850C5_yXX_noSEAI_1xCO2_wthmap.nc -
 GEOCLIM output using the CESM1.2 slab ocean no SEAI simulation as input,
 GEOCLIM SEAI removed, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm.
 E1850C5_yXX_noSEAItopo_flatSEAIslope_1xCO2_wthmap.nc - GEOCLIM output
 using the CESM1.2 slab ocean flat SEAI simulation as input, GEOCLIM SEAI
 topography set to flat, and GEOCLIM pCO2 fixed to 284.7ppm. 4.Surface.tar
 Contains land fraction and surface geopotential fields for the modern SEAI
 (Landfrac.nc) and no SEAI (Landfrac_noSEAI.nc) simulations
 5.CESM_input.tar Contains initialization and boundary condition files for
 running the various SEAI cases on CESM1.2. There are 3 subdirectories:
 E1850C5_noSEAI, E1850C5_qflux, and Topography a) E1850C5_noSEAI Contains
 initialization and boundary condition files for the CESM1.2 slab ocean no
 SEAI case. See the README.txt in that subdirectory for use information b)
 E1850C5_qflux Contains q-flux files for CESM1.2 slab ocean run for various
 case: pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217.nc - used for modern SEAI
 and flat SEAI cases pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217_noSEAI.nc -
 used for no SEAI case where mixed layer depth set to 16m and ocean heat
 flux convergence set to 0 W/m^2 over SEAI gridpoints
 pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217_noSEAI_HBLT32.nc - used for no
 SEAI case with mixed layer depth over SEAI gridpoints doubled to 32m
 pop_frc.b.e11.B1850C5CN.f09_g16.005.150217_noSEAI_QDP20.nc - used for no
 SEAI case with ocean heat flux convergence over SEAI gridpoints set to
 20W/m^2 c) Topography Contains topography files for CESM1.2 slab ocean and
 fully coupled runs: USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027.nc - used for
 modern SEAI case USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_noSEAItopo.nc - used
 for flat SEAI case USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_noSEAI.nc - - used
 for no SEAI case (slab ocean only)
 USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_0.5SEAItopo.nc - used for 50% SEAI
 case (slab ocean only) USGS-gtopo30_0.9x1.25_remap_c051027_1.5SEAItopo.nc
 - used for 150% SEAI case (slab ocean only) 6.GEOCLIM_input.tar Contains
 CESM1.2 slab ocean simulation annual mean output used as input for the
 GEOCLIM simulations.\ Data is organized in folders by year from 41 to year
 70. Filename description is as follows: E1850C5_2xCO2_lnd_ANN_y41.nc -
 Land surface data, modern SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, modern SEAI simulation and
 with CO2 set to 284.7ppm E1850C5_noSEAI_2xCO2_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land
 surface data, no SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAI_2xCO2_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, no SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm E1850C5_noSEAI_lnd_ANN_y41.nc -
 Land surface data, no SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAI_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, no SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_2xCO2_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, flat SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_2xCO2_TS_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, flat
 SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm
 E1850C5_noSEAItopo_lnd_ANN_y41.nc - Land surface data, flat SEAI
 simulation and with CO2 set to 284.7ppm E1850C5_noSEAItopo_TS_ANN_y41.nc -
 Surface temperature data, flat SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to
 284.7ppm E1850C5_TS_2xCO2_ANN_y41.nc - Surface temperature data, modern
 SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to 569.4ppm E1850C5_TS_ANN_y41.nc -
 Surface temperature data, modern SEAI simulation and with CO2 set to
 284.7ppm References Hurrell, J.W., Holland, M.M., Gent, P.R., Ghan, S.,
 Kay, J.E., Kushner, P.J., Lamarque, J.F., Large, W.G., Lawrence, D.,
 Lindsay, K. and Lipscomb, W.H., 2013. The community earth system model: a
 framework for collaborative research. Bulletin of the American
 Meteorological Society, 94(9), pp.1339-1360. Park, Y., Maffre, P.,
 Goddéris, Y., Macdonald, F.A., Anttila, E.S. and Swanson-Hysell, N.L.,
 2020. Emergence of the Southeast Asian islands as a driver for Neogene
 cooling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(41),
 pp.25319-25326.