cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3535/bch-tc5-e6r
title: Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/knn-r0n-sjk
title: Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381514
title: Table 1. Taxon counts for major mammalian taxonomic compendia since 1980 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 1. Taxon counts for major mammalian taxonomic compendia since 1980 (see Fig. 1 for graphical representation of species totals for each, except IUCN totals), including the 3 editions of Corbet and Hill’s (C&H) A World List of Mammalian Species; editions 4 through 6 of Walker’s Mammals of the World (WMW); Anderson and Jones’ Orders and Families of Recent Mammals of the World (A&J); Duff and Lawson’s Mammals of the World: A Checklist (D&L); 3 editions of the Mammal Species of the World (MSW); Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW); International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2008 and 2024-1 listings; and 2 major versions of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD1 and MDD2).
TaxaC&H1 1980MSW1 1982WMW4 1983A&J 1984C&H2 1986C&H3 1991WMW5 1991MSW2 1993Species4,005b4,1704,1514,1994,2314,3364,4444,629cWild extantN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN ARecently extinctN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN ADomesticN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AGenera1,0141,0331,0171,0571,0551,0661,1161,135Families129135133131132131135132Orders2120202120212126TaxaWMW6 1999D&L 2004MSW3 2005IUCN 2008 aMDD1 2018CMW 2020IUCN 2024MDD2 2024Species4,8095,1155,4165,4896,4956,5545,9836,753Wild extantN AN A5,3385,410d6,3826,4515,899d6,629Recently extinctN AN A75799610384113DomesticN AN A30e17200e17Genera1,1921,1171,2301,2411,3161,3431,3081,353Families146128153156166167164167Orders2827292727272727
aIUCN 2008 totals based on Schipper et al. (2008).
bLists 4,007 species, but we identified 2 duplicates (what is now Brucepattersonius iheringi is listed under both Microxus and Oxymycterus, and Prosciurillus leucomus is listed under both Prosciurillus and Callosciurus).
cTotal provided in Solari and Baker (2007) and used in Burgin et al. (2018) was found to be incorrect while counting the MSW2 species total and we here provide a corrected total.
dIncludes species classified as Extinct in the Wild and does not include humans.
eThe IUCN does not assess domestic species.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1086 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1086, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.21610.47041
title: Propuesta de prevención para la infección con el COVIT-2019
DOI: 10.3535/07x-jct-ytd
title: Thymus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/5de-3kc-rpg
title: Salix triandra L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/nxy-m06-atb
title: Masdevallia tridactylites Rchb. f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381513
title: Table 1. Taxon counts for major mammalian taxonomic compendia since 1980 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 1. Taxon counts for major mammalian taxonomic compendia since 1980 (see Fig. 1 for graphical representation of species totals for each, except IUCN totals), including the 3 editions of Corbet and Hill’s (C&H) A World List of Mammalian Species; editions 4 through 6 of Walker’s Mammals of the World (WMW); Anderson and Jones’ Orders and Families of Recent Mammals of the World (A&J); Duff and Lawson’s Mammals of the World: A Checklist (D&L); 3 editions of the Mammal Species of the World (MSW); Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW); International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2008 and 2024-1 listings; and 2 major versions of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD1 and MDD2).
TaxaC&H1 1980MSW1 1982WMW4 1983A&J 1984C&H2 1986C&H3 1991WMW5 1991MSW2 1993Species4,005b4,1704,1514,1994,2314,3364,4444,629cWild extantN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN ARecently extinctN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN ADomesticN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AGenera1,0141,0331,0171,0571,0551,0661,1161,135Families129135133131132131135132Orders2120202120212126TaxaWMW6 1999D&L 2004MSW3 2005IUCN 2008 aMDD1 2018CMW 2020IUCN 2024MDD2 2024Species4,8095,1155,4165,4896,4956,5545,9836,753Wild extantN AN A5,3385,410d6,3826,4515,899d6,629Recently extinctN AN A75799610384113DomesticN AN A30e17200e17Genera1,1921,1171,2301,2411,3161,3431,3081,353Families146128153156166167164167Orders2827292727272727
aIUCN 2008 totals based on Schipper et al. (2008).
bLists 4,007 species, but we identified 2 duplicates (what is now Brucepattersonius iheringi is listed under both Microxus and Oxymycterus, and Prosciurillus leucomus is listed under both Prosciurillus and Callosciurus).
cTotal provided in Solari and Baker (2007) and used in Burgin et al. (2018) was found to be incorrect while counting the MSW2 species total and we here provide a corrected total.
dIncludes species classified as Extinct in the Wild and does not include humans.
eThe IUCN does not assess domestic species.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1086 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1086, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.3535/ayj-pfh-xg0
title: Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/d85-e11-lyh
title: Laelia anceps var. vestalis Rchb. f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/e8l-3s4-50j
title: Salix triandra subsp. amygdalina (L.) Schübl. & G. Martens

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381517
title: Table 2. Taxon counts for all 18 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 2. Taxon counts for all 18 versions of the MDD from the initial release of MDD1 in 2018 to the present release of MDD2.
TaxaMDD1.0MDD1.2MDD1.3MDD1.6MDD1.7FebruaryMDD1.1SeptemberDecemberMDD1.3.1MDD1.4MDD1.5AugustNovember2018March 201920202020January 2021April 2021June 202120212021Species6,4956,5276,4856,5136,5136,5336,5546,5576,567Wild extant6,3826,4106,3636,3916,3916,4116,4326,4356,447Recently extinct96100103103103103103103101Domestic171719191919191919Diff: de novoN A+22+98+140+13+11+5+13Diff: SplitN A+33+154+150+18+10+3+6Diff: LumpN A−31−285a−40−100−5−8Genera1,3161,3231,3311,3301,3301,3321,3351,3411,343Families166168167167167167167167167TaxaMDD1.8MDD1.10MDD1.12MDD1.12.1MDD2.0FebruaryMDD1.9MDD1.9.1DecemberMDD1.11JanuaryJanuaryMDD1.13August2022April 2022June 20222022April 202320242024July 20242024Species6,5916,5966,5966,6156,6496,7186,7186,7536759Wild extant6,4716,4766,4766,4946,5266,5946,5946,6236629Recently extinct101101101101105107107113113Domestic191919201817171717Diff: de novo+21+80+22+15+370+24+2 (296)bDiff: Split+6+70+26+49+360+25+4 (321)bDiff: Lump−3−100−30−29−80−120 (357)bGenera1,3421,3421,3421,3471,3451,3511,3511,3531353Families167167167167167167167167167
Species-level differences (“diffs”) between versions are noted with the terms “de novo” (additions that coined a new species epithet), “split” (additions that applied an existing species epithet to a newly recognized taxon), and “lump” (removals that combined 2 or more existing species-rank taxa). Totals of split species do not include names erroneously excluded from earlier versions, and total lumped species do not include names removed due to being considered nomina dubia or unavailable. See Supplementary Data SD4 for all MDD version “diff” files and Supplementary Data SD5 for the “diff” file between MDD1 and MDD2 specifically.
aMost of the ungulate revisions from Groves and Grubb (2011) were removed except when corroborated by later publications.
bTotal differences between MDD1 and MDD2 in parentheses.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1087 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1087, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381518
title: Table 2. Taxon counts for all 18 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 2. Taxon counts for all 18 versions of the MDD from the initial release of MDD1 in 2018 to the present release of MDD2.
TaxaMDD1.0MDD1.2MDD1.3MDD1.6MDD1.7FebruaryMDD1.1SeptemberDecemberMDD1.3.1MDD1.4MDD1.5AugustNovember2018March 201920202020January 2021April 2021June 202120212021Species6,4956,5276,4856,5136,5136,5336,5546,5576,567Wild extant6,3826,4106,3636,3916,3916,4116,4326,4356,447Recently extinct96100103103103103103103101Domestic171719191919191919Diff: de novoN A+22+98+140+13+11+5+13Diff: SplitN A+33+154+150+18+10+3+6Diff: LumpN A−31−285a−40−100−5−8Genera1,3161,3231,3311,3301,3301,3321,3351,3411,343Families166168167167167167167167167TaxaMDD1.8MDD1.10MDD1.12MDD1.12.1MDD2.0FebruaryMDD1.9MDD1.9.1DecemberMDD1.11JanuaryJanuaryMDD1.13August2022April 2022June 20222022April 202320242024July 20242024Species6,5916,5966,5966,6156,6496,7186,7186,7536759Wild extant6,4716,4766,4766,4946,5266,5946,5946,6236629Recently extinct101101101101105107107113113Domestic191919201817171717Diff: de novo+21+80+22+15+370+24+2 (296)bDiff: Split+6+70+26+49+360+25+4 (321)bDiff: Lump−3−100−30−29−80−120 (357)bGenera1,3421,3421,3421,3471,3451,3511,3511,3531353Families167167167167167167167167167
Species-level differences (“diffs”) between versions are noted with the terms “de novo” (additions that coined a new species epithet), “split” (additions that applied an existing species epithet to a newly recognized taxon), and “lump” (removals that combined 2 or more existing species-rank taxa). Totals of split species do not include names erroneously excluded from earlier versions, and total lumped species do not include names removed due to being considered nomina dubia or unavailable. See Supplementary Data SD4 for all MDD version “diff” files and Supplementary Data SD5 for the “diff” file between MDD1 and MDD2 specifically.
aMost of the ungulate revisions from Groves and Grubb (2011) were removed except when corroborated by later publications.
bTotal differences between MDD1 and MDD2 in parentheses.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1087 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1087, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.3535/3qy-z27-w73
title: Habenaria diffusa A. Rich. & Galeotti

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/9x6-qmz-8j4
title: Seseli gummiferum Sm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/q95-rhg-bpa
title: Habenaria diffusa A. Rich. & Galeotti

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/jx1-mte-gtw
title: Thesium linophyllon L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/rmn-dh0-ec9
title: Salix tenuijulis Ledeb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/wk7-f8h-ttc
title: Triticum timopheevii subsp. timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381522
title: Table 3 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 3. Summary of total species, available name type localities (including preoccupied, replacement, and suppressed names), and new species descriptions and split species since MSW3 found in each of the 8 terrestrial biogeographic realms (not including marine species, other than for available name type localities) and 7 continents (including marine species for all metrics), as well as the land area (in million km 2) and species density (in species per million km 2).
Region nameTotal speciesaAvailable namesNew species descriptionsSplit speciesLand area (million km²)Species density (per million km²) bBiogeographic realmNeotropic1,8395,49630226119.0096.79Afrotropic1,5055,57918311122.1068.10Palearctic1,1435,8129217354.1021.13Indomalaya1,0904,3591441247.50145.33Australasia8602,10669627.60113.16Nearctic7163,092169822.9031.27Oceania2147211.0021.00(Biorealm)Antarctic0180014.200.00ContinentAsia2,1047,67624625544.6047.17Africa1,6226,33818411930.4053.36South America1,5864,06826120117.8089.10North America1,1235,2246017424.2046.40Oceania7751,78654558.5091.18(Continent)E urope3212,73863910.0032.10Antarctica45180014.203.17
Land areas for biogeographic realms come from Olson et al. (2001; other than the A ntarctic, which was recalculated to include all of continental Antarctica) and continents come from estimates listed on the Wikipedia pages of each continent. See Fig. 2 for the graphical representation of these data.
aTotal species includes recently extinct species but not domesticated or introduced species.
bSpecies density calculated as Total Species/Land A rea.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1095 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1095, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.16813.23525
title: Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network
DOI: 10.3535/hfl-vsn-c41
title: Lathyrus chloranthus Boiss. & Balansa

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/nnv-7nm-ay1
title: Viola eugeniae subsp. eugeniae Parl.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/v4c-xcf-5b1
title: Aristolochia contorta Bunge

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/032-kkj-hkd
title: Erigeron canadensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/bry-fgw-35t
title: Scaligeria hirtula Lipsky

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/fl0-a04-52z
title: Salix syrticola Fernald

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/mvh-t40-q4p
title: Taxus baccata L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381526
title: Table 4 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 4. Summary of nomenclatural metadata released in MDD2 separated into nomenclatural status and validity status.
StatusTotal namesAuthority authorAuthority yearNames since 2000Original combinationOriginal rankAuthority citationVerified authority citationNomenclature statusTotal available names28,38228,38228,3741,19128,29728,29728,31623,493Nomina nova92592592513925925925791Preoccupied names1,1001,1001,10051,0951,0951,093812Suppressed names393939039393929Total unavailable names2,1272,1272,1271222,1192,1192,1191,696Spelling variants3,4453,4453,4457183,4373,4373,4393,114Name combinations16,18216,18216,1828,46616,18216,18216,18216,135Other subsequent usages4354354352434434433386Validity statusSynonymous names42,88042,88042,8729,49442,78342,78342,79837,821Valid species6,7596,7596,7598996,7596,7596,7596,150Species inquirendae949494094949488Nomina dubia47547547529470470475414Composite type material10101001010107Hybrid type material121212112121212TotalTotal names50,23050,23050,22210,42350,12850,12850,14844,492StatusAuthority PageAuthority LinkAuthority Page LinkType LocalityOriginal Type LocalityType CoordinatesType SpecimenType Specimen LinkNomenclature statusTotal available names28,02421,82318,48328,25918,8772,77120,81113,179Nomina nova91372161591369131498242Preoccupied names1,0717636791,08671919390178Suppressed names3929293625081Total unavailable names2,0761,4801,2491,2437202819654Spelling variants3,4122,5721,50224585195Name combinations10,72811,7144,301100610104Other subsequent usages431363319226127063Validity statusSynonymous names37,00131,39320,67922,88614,24794314,9779,600Valid species6,7565,8204,6196,7595,2821,8525,9413,617Species inquirendae93806379711183Nomina dubia46739332832725549225Composite type material976106030Hybrid type material1210866010TotalTotal names44,33837,70325,70330,06719,8672,80021,03213,245
Totals for available names include preoccupied names, nomina nova, and suppressed names (all of which are also summarized separately). Totals for unavailable names include all nomenclatural status conditions that are not some form of subsequent use, while name combinations, spelling variants, and other miscellaneous subsequent uses are summarized separately (see Supplementary Data SD8 for a full list of nomenclatural and validity statuses and finer scale numeric summaries). Multiple nomenclatural labels can be applied to a single name, while only 1 validity status can be applied to a name, so column totals summarize the validity statuses.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1099 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1099, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17381527
title: Table 4 in How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge

description: Table 4. Summary of nomenclatural metadata released in MDD2 separated into nomenclatural status and validity status.
StatusTotal namesAuthority authorAuthority yearNames since 2000Original combinationOriginal rankAuthority citationVerified authority citationNomenclature statusTotal available names28,38228,38228,3741,19128,29728,29728,31623,493Nomina nova92592592513925925925791Preoccupied names1,1001,1001,10051,0951,0951,093812Suppressed names393939039393929Total unavailable names2,1272,1272,1271222,1192,1192,1191,696Spelling variants3,4453,4453,4457183,4373,4373,4393,114Name combinations16,18216,18216,1828,46616,18216,18216,18216,135Other subsequent usages4354354352434434433386Validity statusSynonymous names42,88042,88042,8729,49442,78342,78342,79837,821Valid species6,7596,7596,7598996,7596,7596,7596,150Species inquirendae949494094949488Nomina dubia47547547529470470475414Composite type material10101001010107Hybrid type material121212112121212TotalTotal names50,23050,23050,22210,42350,12850,12850,14844,492StatusAuthority PageAuthority LinkAuthority Page LinkType LocalityOriginal Type LocalityType CoordinatesType SpecimenType Specimen LinkNomenclature statusTotal available names28,02421,82318,48328,25918,8772,77120,81113,179Nomina nova91372161591369131498242Preoccupied names1,0717636791,08671919390178Suppressed names3929293625081Total unavailable names2,0761,4801,2491,2437202819654Spelling variants3,4122,5721,50224585195Name combinations10,72811,7144,301100610104Other subsequent usages431363319226127063Validity statusSynonymous names37,00131,39320,67922,88614,24794314,9779,600Valid species6,7565,8204,6196,7595,2821,8525,9413,617Species inquirendae93806379711183Nomina dubia46739332832725549225Composite type material976106030Hybrid type material1210866010TotalTotal names44,33837,70325,70330,06719,8672,80021,03213,245
Totals for available names include preoccupied names, nomina nova, and suppressed names (all of which are also summarized separately). Totals for unavailable names include all nomenclatural status conditions that are not some form of subsequent use, while name combinations, spelling variants, and other miscellaneous subsequent uses are summarized separately (see Supplementary Data SD8 for a full list of nomenclatural and validity statuses and finer scale numeric summaries). Multiple nomenclatural labels can be applied to a single name, while only 1 validity status can be applied to a name, so column totals summarize the validity statuses.
description: Published as part of Burgin, Connor J, Zijlstra, Jelle S, Becker, Madeleine A, Handika, Heru, Alston, Jesse M, Widness, Jane, Liphardt, Schuyler, Huckaby, David G & Upham, Nathan S, 2025, How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge, pp. 1099 in Journal of Mammalogy 106 (5) on page 1099, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047, http://zenodo.org/record/17381510
DOI: 10.3535/gzr-lzw-qzz
title: Habenaria adenantha A. Rich. & Galeotti

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/l7l-8dw-mj3
title: Cynoglossum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.
DOI: 10.3535/tnd-stb-hs1
title: Salix viminalis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum Vienna.