DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnwh
title: Data from: Hypoxia disrupts metabolism in coral and sea anemone larvae

description: Anthropogenic pollution is driving an increase in the frequency and
 severity of seawater hypoxic events in coastal marine ecosystems. Although
 hypoxia decreases physiological performance in coral and sea anemone
 (phylum Cnidaria) larvae, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain
 unexplored. Here, larvae of the reef-building corals Galaxea
 fascicularis and Porites astreoides and the
 estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis were
 exposed to normoxia or a simulated hypoxic event (6 h at &lt;2 mg
 dissolved O2 l−1), and their metabolomic response was quantified
 at the end of the exposure period using targeted liquid
 chromatography-mass spectrometry. Baseline metabolite profiles (81 amino
 acids, acylcarnitines, organic acids and nucleotides) were broadly
 divergent between the three species, with the corals displaying a reliance
 on nitrogen cycling through amino acid metabolism, whereas N.
 vectensis relied on nucleotide metabolism. By contrast, several
 changes in metabolite abundances under hypoxia were shared (e.g. increases
 in lactate) and suggest the upregulation of glycolysis, lactic acid
 fermentation and fatty acid β-oxidation as conserved mechanisms for energy
 production under hypoxia. Changes in these pathways were correlated with
 adverse physiological outcomes, including conserved declines in swimming
 behavior and growth. Importantly, life history traits affecting metabolism
 influenced hypoxia responses. For example, P. astreoides larvae,
 which possess algal endosymbionts, displayed the least severe metabolic
 response to hypoxia among these species, possibly owing to symbiont
 resources. Overall, these findings demonstrate that hypoxia disrupts
 metabolic performance in coral and sea anemone larvae through conserved
 and divergent pathways, emphasizing the need to limit drivers of ocean
 deoxygenation.
description: Groups of larvae were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic conditions
 for 6 h, flash-frozen, and then processed for LC-MS metabolomics at the
 University of Pennsylvania Metabolomics Core. Further details can be found
 in the associated Open Access publication at: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250372.
description: # Data from: Hypoxia disrupts metabolism in coral and sea anemone larvae
 This dataset contains targeted LC-MS metabolomics data for coral and sea
 anemone larvae exposed to normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Further
 information can be found in the associated Open Access publication at:
 [https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250372](https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250372).
 ## Data and file structure ### File: Metabolomics_data.csv This file
 contains sample metadata and abundance data for all metabolites quantified
 at the University of Pennsylvania Metabolomics Core. These files have
 headers, which include: * Species = the species from which metabolomics
 data originate * Treatment = experimental treatment (normoxia or hypoxia)
 * Cohort = the spawning cohort from which larvae originate (not relevant
 for this dataset) * Group = replicate group within the experimental
 treatment (1-3) * Life_stage = always "larva" *
 Hours_post_treatment = time point at which larvae were collected for
 metabolomics; here, always = 0 * ADP to Succinate = abundance of each
 metabolite in each sample, expressed in nmol mg protein-1 ## Code/Software
 ### File: Hypoxia metabolomics analysis.Rmd This file contains code (in
 Rmarkdown format) that was used to analyze and generate plots of data.