cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4sw
title: Data from: New drivers of the evolution of mimetic accuracy in Batesian mimics: body size, habitat stratification and geographic zone affect accuracy of myrmecomorphic spiders

description: Aim: The evolution and maintenance of accurate Batesian mimicry has been
 explained by several hypotheses built upon relaxed selection. Such
 selection can be influenced by ecological factors, such as habitat type or
 geographic distribution, which have not been considered. I investigated
 whether the mimetic accuracy is influenced by habitat stratification where
 mimics occur (ground, low vegetation, bush, tree), their body size, and
 geographic distribution (temperate, subtropical, tropical). Location:
 Worldwide Taxon: Araneae Methods: I gathered data on body size, geographic
 area of distribution, and habitat stratification from literature on more
 than 400 ant-mimicking (myrmecomorphic) spider species from 18 spider
 families and ranked them into four accuracy levels based on morphology,
 from poor inaccurate mimics to very accurate ones. Then I used regression
 to study the effect of body size, distribution, and habitat on mimetic
 accuracy while controlling for phylogeny. Results: Mimetic accuracy
 increased with spider body size but differently at four types of habitat
 strata. On the ground and in low vegetation majority of smaller species
 were inaccurate, whereas on shrubs and trees even smaller species were
 accurate. The accuracy increased from temperate to the tropics but
 differently at the four habitat strata. In the temperate zone only species
 occurring on bushes were accurate, but in the tropical zone even
 ground-living species were accurate. Main conclusions: Higher accuracy at
 lower latitudes is likely due to stronger predation pressure from
 visually-hunting predators. Similarly, lower accuracy in species occurring
 near to the ground is presumably due to predation pressure by non-visually
 hunting predators. Inaccurate myrmecomorphy in spiders appears to be
 further driven by smaller body size due to lower profitability to
 predators; and higher latitude due to increased occurrence of generalist
 predators.
description: Extracted from literature.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg79cnpbv
title: Diversity and composition of macroinvertebrate communities in a rare inland salt marsh

description: Inland salt marshes are rare habitats in the Great Lakes region of North
 America, formed on salt deposits from the Silurian period. These patchy
 habitats are abiotically stressful for the freshwater invertebrates that
 live there, and provide an opportunity to study the relationship between
 stress and diversity. We used morphological and COI metabarcoding data to
 assess changes in diversity and composition across both space (a transect
 from the salt seep to an adjacent freshwater area) and time (three
 sampling seasons). Richness was significantly lower at the seep
 site with both datatypes, while metabarcoding data additionally showed
 reduced richness at the freshwater transect end, consistent with a pattern
 where intermediate levels of stress show higher diversity. We
 found complementary, rather than redundant, patterns of community
 composition using the two datatypes: not all taxa were equally sequenced
 with the metabarcoding protocol. We identified taxa that are
 abundant at the salt seep of the marsh, including biting midges
 (Culicoides) and ostracods (Heterocypris). We conclude that (as
 found in other studies) molecular and morphological work should be used in
 tandem to identify the biodiversity in this rare habitat. Additionally,
 salinity may be a driver of community membership in this system, though
 further ecological research is needed to rule out alternate hypotheses.
description: The samples were collected from the field along a transect;
 sediment was collected from the surface. Field sampling was conducted in
 April, July, and October of 2018. Half of each sample was used for DNA
 metabarcoding of the COI gene, followed by bioinformatic analysis with the
 MOTHUR pipeline. The other half of each sample was sorted under a
 microscope and specimens were identified with dichotomous keys.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhkk
title: Juvenile Bachman's sparrow audio

description: Vocal learning is a focal point of avian research, and can vary greatly
 across taxa. Different species may adapt to alternative learning
 strategies based on the timing of their sensitive periods, size of their
 repertoires, and social structure of their populations. Studying song
 learning in a broad range of species is essential for understanding how
 different factors may affect song learning. The Bachman’s Sparrow is a
 songbird with a large repertoire of primary songs and is highly
 territorial during adulthood. We have recorded the first known examples of
 juvenile song production in this species. In addition, we have confirmed
 previous observations that juveniles travel in small groups of
 non-relatives shortly after fledging. Our observations may inspire future
 research on how these social groups could influence 
 the  development and evolution of large song repertoires.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9sb
title: Do nest boxes breed the target species or its competitors? A case study of a critically endangered bird

description: Nest boxes are widely used for habitat restoration. Unfortunately,
 competitors of the target species may exploit nest boxes,
 creating perverse outcomes. Avoiding habitats preferred by
 nontarget species, while favoring those of the target species, requires an
 adaptive management approach if limited information about species
 preferences is available when deploying boxes. Using nest boxes intended
 for Swift Parrots Lathamus discolor, we identify factors associated with
 nontarget species occupancy (Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris and Tree
 Martin Petrochelidon nigricans) in newly deployed boxes in 2016, and then
 again after 3 years had elapsed in 2019. Box occupancy by different
 species depended on the interaction between distance of individual boxes
 to the forest edge and year. Although the target species exploited similar
 numbers of nest boxes in both years, competitors were the main
 beneficiaries of established boxes. A subordinate native nest competitor
 increased box occupancy likelihood at greater distances from forest edges
 in both years, but the relationship was stronger in 2019. Introduced
 Common Starlings S. vulgaris were most likely to occupy boxes close to
 forest edges, but the magnitude of this relationship was much greater for
 established than newly deployed boxes. We suggest that permanent box
 deployments for Swift Parrots may produce perverse outcomes by increasing
 nesting habitat for Common Starlings. We suggest that for species that
 only use cavities for part of their life cycle, managers should limit
 access to boxes outside of critical times to reduce the likelihood that
 pest populations can exploit restoration efforts and create new problems.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mhk
title: Efficacy of intervention to relieve nest box competition for Orange‐bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster

description: We use an experimental approach to evaluate the effectiveness of removing
 nests of a dominant competitor to create vacant nest boxes for a
 critically endangered parrot. We compared the number of times that Tree
 Martin (Petrochelidon nigricans – the dominant competitor at nest boxes)
 perched at or entered nest boxes intended for Orange-bellied Parrot
 (Neophema chrysogaster – the subordinate nest competitor) over three time
 periods (before, immediately after and one week after experimental nest
 destruction). In the before period, rates of nest attendance by martins in
 treatment and control nests were not explained by treatment group. After
 experimental nest destruction, total attendance at boxes by martins rose
 to a mean of 6.1 visits over three five-minute surveys in the treatment
 group, compared with 3.3 visits at control boxes. Within individual
 surveys, martins visited treatment boxes 4.4 times per survey one week
 after nest destruction, compared with only 1.6 visits in the control
 group. Martins in the treatment group rapidly rebuilt their nests and laid
 replacement clutches, and within a week, all boxes were reoccupied. Nest
 destruction did not increase nesting opportunities for the parrot, and
 increased vigilance of the dominant competitor may in fact reduce nesting
 opportunities in nearby boxes. Our study suggests that removing martin
 nests is an ineffective management action for alleviating nest competition
 for this parrot.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gtj39
title: Abiotic niche divergence of hybrid species from their progenitors

description: Although more frequently discussed recently than previously, the role of
 ecology in homoploid hybrid and allopolyploid speciation has not been
 subjected to comparative analysis. We examined abiotic niche divergence of
 22 assumed homoploid hybrid species and 60 allopolyploid species from
 those of their progenitors. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) was employed
 in an analysis of each species’ fundamental niche, and ordination methods
 were used in an analysis of realized niches. Both analyses utilized 100,
 000 georeferenced records. From estimates of niche overlap and niche
 breadth, we identified for both types of hybrid species four niche
 divergence patterns: niche novelty, niche contraction, niche intermediacy
 and niche expansion. Niche shifts involving niche novelty were common and
 considered likely to play an important role in the establishment of both
 types of hybrid species, although more so for homoploid hybrid species
 than allopolyploid species. Approximately 70% of homoploid hybrid species
 versus 37% allopolyploid species showed shifts in fundamental niche from
 their parents, and ~86% versus ~52%, respectively, exhibited shifts in
 realized niche. Climate was shown to contribute more than soil and
 landform to niche shifts in both types of hybrid species. Overall, our
 results highlight the significance of abiotic niche divergence for hybrid
 speciation, especially without genome duplication.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf22m
title: Exploring multitrophic interactions in oilseed rape fields reveals the prevailing role of Carabidae

description: In cropped fields, birds are often at the highest position in the food
 chain, feeding on pest arthropods and their intermediate predators in a
 process known as intraguild predation. The net effects of bird predation
 on phytophagous insect populations (feeding on plants) are difficult to
 predict without comprehensively describing prey-predator communities and
 their complex interplay. We sampled bird and arthropod communities in 30
 oilseed rape fields in the spring of 2019 and 2020 in France. To assess
 the top-down control of arthropods by birds, we used a vertebrate
 exclusion experiment. Using a taxonomic and functional trait-based
 approach, we determined the direct and indirect influences of birds on
 arthropod predators and phytophagous insect populations in arable crops.
 We observed a negative relationship between the abundance of Carabidae and
 phytophagous insects but not with the other predator group suggesting the
 key role of Carabidae on phytophagous insects in agroecosystem. We found
 no statistical evidence of intraguild predation from birds towards
 intermediate predators. Despite the lack of overall effect of predator
 functional diversity on their prey, we highlighted the negative
 relationship between the functional complementarity (through functional
 evenness) of Carabidae and the abundance of phytophagous insects. This
 result suggests that functional complementarity between Carabidae species
 could help to reduce phytophagous insect populations. We analysed the
 effect of agricultural practices on these multitrophic interactions,
 showing that pesticide intensity only had detrimental effects on Carabidae
 abundance, while the frequency of tillage did not affect the studied
 communities. Complementary indices used to depict communities are helpful
 to better understand the mechanisms underlying trophic relationships.
description: See the related paper for details about the method of data
 collection. For each field, data are sums across entire
 duration of experiment for birds and for the two pitfall traps per plot
 ('cage' or 'control' zone) for arthropods.
description: Sea README file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sp3
title: Sperm competition experiment with lake char (Lake Geneva 2017/18)

description: Male and female wild lake char (Salvelinus umbla) were sampled from Lake
 Geneva in December 2017 and December 2018. Male size and colouration (all
 samples, N = 34) were compared to milt characteristics. For the 2017
 samples, milt characteristics were also determined after sperm activation
 in diluted ovarian fluid or water only, and the gametes were used in sperm
 competition trials: Equal numbers of sperm competed for fertilization in
 the presence or absence of ovarian fluids. The resulting embryos were
 raised singly in an environment that supports symbiotic microbes
 (sublethal stress) or in a clean environment, and microsatellite markers
 were used to assign in total 1,464 embryos (from 70 experimental trials)
 to their fathers. Overall, the sperm of more colourful males were faster
 and reached higher fertilization success than the sperm of pale males.
 These differences were enhanced by the presence of ovarian fluids. The
 primary sex ratio did not differ among families and was about 1:1. Female
 embryos hatched on average later and showed lower stress tolerance than
 male embryos. There were significant parental effects on offspring growth
 and mortality, but the sex differences in embryo performance were not
 family-specific. Offspring of yellow males seemed less stress-tolerant
 than those of pale males, and embryo development was slowed down with
 increasing genetic similarity between the parents.
description: See Methods in Nusbaumer D., Garaud L., Ançay
 L., Wedekind C. 2021 Sex-specific stress tolerance in embryos of lake char
 (<em>Salvelinus umbla</em>). Front. Ecol. Evol. 9, 768263.
 (doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.768263). Nusbaumer D., Garaud
 L., de Guttry C., Ançay L., Wedekind C. 2021 Sperm of more colorful males
 are better adapted to ovarian fluids in lake char (Salmonidae). bioRxiv.
 (doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.02.462848). Garaud L., Nusbaumer D., de Guttry C., Ançay L., Jacquet S., Lasne E., Wedekind C. 2022 Genomic compatibility excels possible good genes effects of sexual selection in lake char. bioRxiv. (doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.03.482834).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x69p8czk5
title: Predicting potential distributions of large carnivores in Kenya: An occupancy study to guide conservation

description: Aim: Species distribution maps are frequently the foundation upon which
 species-specific conservation strategies are developed, however, mapping
 species distribution is challenging, especially across large spatial
 extents. Our aim was to use a novel empirical approach to predict the
 national distribution for all six large carnivore species found in Kenya
 to guide conservation and management decisions by identifying knowledge
 and conservation gaps. Location: Kenya Methods: Data on carnivore presence
 and absence were collected through questionnaires and sightings-based
 surveys. These data were combined and analysed using single-season
 false-positive occupancy models, which account for imperfect detections
 and false positives. To inform conservation strategies, we used the
 occupancy outputs to make predictions for unsampled areas and create
 occupancy-based distribution maps, where ψ&gt;0.50, to (1) quantify
 differences with IUCN Red List range maps, (2) quantify overlap with
 wildlife areas and (3) identify areas of high carnivore richness. Results:
 Large carnivore occupancy was associated with land conversion, habitat,
 and prey availability. Our results suggest that all six species are widely
 distributed across Kenya and reveal substantial differences in
 distribution maps compiled by the IUCN Red List. More specifically, our
 occupancy-based distribution maps predict a much larger distribution for
 African wild dog (5.09X), lion (4.77X), and leopard (1.46X), similar
 distribution for cheetah, and smaller distribution for spotted hyaena
 (0.84X) and striped hyaena (0.65X). For all large carnivores, the vast
 majority (~80%) of their predicted distribution falls outside wildlife
 areas and northern Kenya is predicted to have the highest large carnivore
 richness. Main conclusions: Our results are encouraging as large
 carnivores may be widely distributed across Kenya, in some cases
 potentially more so than previously acknowledged. However, much of this
 range lies outside wildlife areas and represents areas of concern both for
 conservation and human livelihoods illustrating the challenges of
 conserving large carnivores across their range.
description: Usage notes can be found in the README.txt file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d51c5b049
title: Third and fourth trophic level composition shift in an aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web limits aphid control in an intercropping system

description: 1. Understanding how resource diversification affects ecological
 interactions, food web structure and ecosystem functioning is essential in
 both fundamental and applied ecology. While plant diversification
 strategies (either in- or around-field) are often proposed in agricultural
 landscapes as practices to improve the biological control of herbivores by
 natural enemies, results remain variable and unsure. 2. Here, we studied
 the effect of an in-field diversification practice (the intercropping of
 leguminous crops within cereal fields, an increasingly common practice but
 with inconsistent results on biological control) on cereal aphid control
 and the structure of a cereal-aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web
 for two years. 3. We report that aphid control was not increased in mixed
 fields, nor was cereal parasitoid diversity and food web complexity.
 Nevertheless, the provision of alternative hosts in mixed fields led to a
 functional community composition shift, favouring generalist parasitoid
 species over specialist ones. 4. Moreover, we observed a higher
 hyperparasitism rate in mixed fields, suggesting that secondary
 parasitoids were favoured by alternative resources, which may have
 disrupted aphid control by primary parasitoids. 5. Synthesis and
 applications. This study demonstrates that parasitoid community
 composition shift and increased top-down control by the fourth trophic
 level can impact parasitoid efficiency to control herbivores. These
 results highlight the necessity to study fine-scale mechanisms within food
 webs to be able to set-up efficient methods to support biodiversity and
 associated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j9kd51cdf
title: ZEFI-PTR-G-ThermalChallenge

description: In a rapidly warming world, exposure to high temperatures may impact
 fitness, but the gene regulatory mechanisms that link sublethal heat to
 sexually selected traits are not well understood, particularly in
 endothermic animals. Our experiment used zebra finches (Taeniopygia
 guttata), songbirds that experience extreme temperature fluctuations in
 their native Australia. We exposed captive males to an acute thermal
 challenge (43°C) compared with thermoneutral (35°C) and lower (27°C)
 temperatures. We found significantly more heat dissipation behaviors at
 43°C, a temperature previously shown to reduce song production and
 fertility, and more heat retention behaviors at 27°C. Next, we
 characterized transcriptomic responses in tissues important for mating
 effort – the posterior telencephalon, for its role in song production, and
 the testis, for its role in fertility and hormone production. Differential
 expression of hundreds of genes in the testes, but few in the brain,
 suggest the brain is less responsive to extreme
 temperatures. Nevertheless, gene network analyses revealed that
 expression related to dopaminergic signaling in the brain co-varied with
 heat dissipation behaviors, providing a mechanism by which temporary
 thermal challenges may alter motivational circuits for song
 production. In both brain and testis, we also observed
 correlations between thermally sensitive gene networks and individual
 differences in thermoregulatory behavior. Although we cannot directly
 relate these gene regulatory changes to mating success, our results
 suggest that individual variation in response to thermal challenges could
 impact sexually selected traits in a warming world.
description: Two tissues (posterior telencephalon and testis) were collected
 from 24 male zebra finches exposed to temperatures above (Ta = 43°C),
 within (Ta = 35°C), or below their thermoneutral zone (Ta = 27°C); total
 RNA was extracted and run on a Nextseq platform. 
description: Please see ReadMe file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8931zcrrp
title: Individuality and function of chemical signals in conflict resolution of a mammal

description: Individual recognition via communication signals is a critical component
 of social behavior, and provides the basis of
 conflict resolution, territorial behavior, and mate choice.
 However, the function of chemical signals in mammalian individual
 recognition and conflict resolution has largely been unexplored despite
 olfaction being a dominant sensory modality in many mammalian species.
 Here, we describe behavioral tests designed to evaluate the potential role
 of forehead gland secretions during conflict related to territorial
 defense in male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats. We used gas
 chromatography–mass spectrometry to quantify the chemical composition. Our
 results showed that forehead gland secretions contain 16 categories of
 compounds including 84 volatile compounds. The concentrations of compounds
 and their categories differed significantly among individuals. Moreover,
 behavioral studies indicated that males can use chemical signals for
 individual recognition. Contests were staged between males with or without
 functioning forehead glands. Paired males without functioning forehead
 glands displayed more physical contact and longer contest duration
 compared to pairs with functioning glands. Moreover, males with a
 functioning gland were more likely to win in contests when paired with
 males without a functioning gland. These findings support a growing amount
 of evidence that chemical signals play a vital role in conflict resolution
 in mammals.