cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79403
title: Mafee feeding a horse, Manchuria, 1889

description: “[L to R] Kaoliang (12 ft. high), Mafee, horse, elm tree.” Exterior view of an indigenous man standing with a horse at the edge of a grain crop. Large trees dominate the right of the frame. Kaoliang is a distilled spirit, made from millet, and known as Chinese wine. It is popular in China and Korea. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79410
title: Orphanage children, Shenyang, ca.1889

description: “Orphan School.” Group portrait of young children and two indigenous adults dressed for the cold weather. They are posed outside the mission house in Shenyang [Moukden]. After severe flooding in 1886 and 1888, which led to famine in the region, a large number of children had been left bereft or abandoned. The orphanages, one boys and one girls, were set up and run by Mrs Isabella Ross and Mrs Webster. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79363
title: United Presbyterian Missionaries from the Manchuria field, China, 1888

description: “December 1888”. [back L to R] Rev. J A Wylie, Dr Watson, Dr Westwater, [front L to R] Mrs A Westwater, Mrs Watson, Mrs Dr. Westwater ❧ Group portrait including missionaries for the U.P. Mission in Manchuria. Mrs A Westwater was the widow of the Rev. Alexander Westwater who had died of a fever after administrating to the survivors of the flooding of the Llao River in 1886. His relations are also present in the photograph which was probably taken outside their house in Haicheng. ❧ Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79996
title: River Ruo, Mozambique, ca.1930

description: Landscape view of the Ruo River with thick vegetation on either side, in the distance can be seen three people in the river, two with loads. The Ruo River joins the Shire River at Chiromo which bordered Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa. The Ruo River was part of the route to the Mihecani mission in Lomwe. ❧ From a Photograph Album of the Blantyre Mission, Nyasaland [Malawi] and the Mihecani Mission, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79381
title: Mr Wylie's teacher, Liaoyang, 1889

description: “Kuan S.S. J.A.W’s teacher”. Portrait of a Chinese gentleman standing in front of a brick wall and wearing traditional Chinese garments. The picture behind him is possibly ‘Paul before Agrippa’. Whether the teacher taught Mr. Wylie or taught at the mission school is uncertain. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79323
title: Agnes Henderson Memorial Church, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "The Agnes Henderson Memorial Church. With the '1840' Church in the background". Exterior view of church built in memory of Doctor Agnes Elizabeth Henderson who died in December 1925. Daughter of Sir William Henderson, she arrived in Nagpur in 1890, and founded the Mure Memorial Hospital. She retired from work in 1922 but continued to raise significant sums of money to extend the hospital and as a result new wards were constructed.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79324
title: Church Hall, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "The '1840' Church. Now our Church Hall." Exterior view of older church replaced with Agnes Henderson Memorial Church which is situated in front of it. Daughter of Sir William Henderson, Dr Agnes Henderson arrived in Nagpur in 1890, and founded the Mure Memorial Hospital. She retired from work in 1922 but continued to raise significant sums of money to extend the hospital and as a result new wards were constructed.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79397
title: Mission House of Dr Thomas Young, Shenyang, 1889

description: “House in Moukden [Shenyang].Teacher and Watchman.” Exterior view of single storey mission house that combines Chinese and Western styles, two indigenous men stand at different points in front of the building. Dr Thomas M Young and his wife arrived in the Manchuria field in 1889 and were based at Shenyang [Moukden] but Mrs Young would die the next year. Dr Young would pioneer the mission at Shuang-cheng-pu in the Sungari district, situated in the north of Manchuria, in 1892. Moukden was the state capital and an important centre for mission activity with a number of schools, orphanages and medical facilities being established there, the work was built upon the efforts of indigenous evangelists Old Wang and Tang who started work there in 1876. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79330
title: Church at Saoner, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "The Church". Exterior view of the church at Saoner, a town in the Nagpur district. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79327
title: Baka, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "Baka and her cousin Sunder. Baka was baptized at Christmas - she is now a nurse in training." View of two young indigenous ladies, one of which was recently baptised. ❧ Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill. Based 10 miles from Nagpur at Kamptee, a military camp situated on the Kanhan River, he taught at the school. He learnt the Marathi (the language of western and central India) quickly and integrated with local people. He had a keen interest in the sciences. He followed the principles of Alexander Duff and set up a vernacular school (1846) which would eventually become the Hislop College. Mrs Margaret Cooper was responsible for much of the Girls orphanages and schools established in Nagpur and St. Ursula’s was set up by her at Sitabaldi with the first girls’ school being established on 10th September 1849. Education at the girls' school was largely improved by Miss Small, who worked at Nagpur from 1882 to 1934. The school was officially recognised by the Government in 1913 and had its building improved in 1923.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79390
title: Mission Church, Shenyang, China, 1889

description: Exterior view of a mission church with the body of the church built in the gothic style and the bell tower similar to a Chinese pagoda. This photograph is of the new United Presbyterian Church of Scotland mission church in Moukden [Shenyang] that was opened on22 October 1889. During the opening service the church was full and twelve adults were baptised by Mr Wylie. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into Manchuria. Stations were established at Moukden [Shenyang], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79325
title: Christmas Treat, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "The Congregational Christmas Treat - The Children at Tea". External view showing a large crowd of children seated outside, awaiting mealtime. Mrs Margaret Cooper was responsible for much of the Girls orphanages and schools established in Nagpur and St. Ursula’s was set up by her at Sitabaldi. Education at the girls' school was largely improved by Miss Small, who worked at Nagpur from 1882 to 1934. The school was officially recognised by the Government in 1913 and had its building improved in 1923. The first Girls’ School was Established 10 Sept. 1849.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79334
title: Visiting Converts, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "Going to visit our new converts at Hinganghat [pictured] Rev Wm. Stewart - Rev S. Nawagiri - Miss Stitt." Group portrait of ministers visiting converts in the Hinganghat area of Nagpur. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79387
title: Westwater family, Manchuria, 1889

description: “Mrs A. Westwater and two children.” Exterior portrait of a woman sitting near a tree with a child standing next to her and an infant on her knee. All of them wear fur hats and coats. Mrs A Westwater was the widow of the Rev. Alexander Westwater who had died of a fever after administrating to the survivors of the flooding of the Llao River in 1886. She decided to stay in China and was appointed a missionary. Originally based in Haicheng she was transferred to Liaoyang in 1892 where she worked in the Training home for Bible-women and in the women’s hospital. She would later marry Dr Gordon, who was one of the Irish Presbyterian missionaries in Manchuria, around 1895 and retire from the mission. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79367
title: Haicheng from the North city gate, Manchuria, 1888

description: “December 1888”. Exterior view looking down on a street scene with a wide square with streets leading off. Shops line two sides of the square. The United Presbyterian Church established a mission in Haicheng in 1876 which is situated between Newchwang and Liaoyang. It became the base for the Rev. John MacIntyre (1837-1905) and his wife. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79382
title: Indigenous pastor, Manchuria, 1889

description: “Liu L.” Portrait of Mr Liu who was one of the Liaoyang elders who worked under the supervision of Mr Wylie. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into Manchuria. Stations were established at Moukden [Shenyang], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79414
title: Village by a river, Liaoning, China, ca.1889

description: “’San J Miao’.” Landscape view looking across a river at a small village or collection of buildings. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into the Manchuria field. Stations were established at Shenyang [Moukden], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79393
title: United Presbyterian Missionaries from the Manchuria field, China, 1889

description: “Dr Young. Mrs Webster. [back L to R] Mrs Young. Mr Webster. Mrs Greig [Gray?] [front L to R].” Group portrait of Scottish missionaries posed at the main entrance to the mission house in Moukden [Shenyang]. Mrs Young died in 1890 and Dr Thomas Young would become a pioneer in the Sungari district, in the north of Manchuria, and his medical skill would help in gaining access to the region. The Websters arrived in Manchuria in 1882 and would eventually be based in Tiehling with their two daughters. James Webster was appointed Foreign Mission Secretary in 1910. Mrs Greig is possibly the wife of an Irish Presbyterian missionary who was stationed in Moukden. ❧ The mission in Moukden was established in 1876 by indigenous pastors, Mr Wang and Mr Tang before becoming a central station with hospitals, schools and orphanages run by the Scottish mission. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79378
title: Chinese Christians, Manchuria, 1889

description: “Some Liaoyang members.” Group portrait of indigenous men most of whom are holding a book, the picture may have been taken in the winter. Liaoyang sits on the Tai-tzu River in fertile plains south west of Shenyang [Moukden]. The United Presbyterian Church established an outpost there when Old Wang, the indigenous evangelist, was sent there in 1882. Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79715
title: Indian Clubs, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "Besides schooling and work, we believe much in the lessons that physical training properly controlled, can have in the lives of these lads. Hence, teachers, apprentices and boys, must all attend at 4.30, on one day in the week, for an hours physical training, in Indian Clubs, dumb-bells and exercises." Exterior view with school children participating in various exercises and activities as part of their school day. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79421
title: Kao Taotai's house, Shenyang, ca.1889

description: “Interior of Kao Taotai’s house showing decorations at the funeral.” Interior view of a house with reflective decorations hanging form the ceiling and large painted models of animals in the room. This is one of a series of photographs of a traditional Chinese funeral from the period ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79366
title: Town in Manchuria, China, 1888

description: “December 1888”. Exterior view of a town in Manchuria looking across open fields towards buildings and a walled enclosure. The image is faded but probably of Haicheng ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into Manchuria. Stations were established at Moukden [Shenyang], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79391
title: Group portrait, Shenyang, 1889

description: "Dr Young, Mrs Webster [standing] ❧ Mrs Young, J A Wylie, Mrs Gray[?] [L to R]". Group portrait of five missionary workers posed at the doorway of the mission house at Moukden [Shenyang]. Mrs Young would die the following year, having only arrived in 1889, and Dr Young would pioneer the mission at Shuang-cheng-pu in the Sungari district, north Manchuria (1892). Mrs Webster was the wife of James Webster, who would be appointed Foreign Mission Secretary in 1910, and James A Wylie would be murdered during the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895). ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79392
title: Construction on the new church, Shenyang, China, 1889

description: “Scaffolding of new Church at date July 3rd 1889.” Exterior view of bamboo scaffolding surrounding the construction of a building. Workers stand and ‘perch’ on different parts of the structure. The new church in Moukden [Shenyang] was opened on 22 October 1889 and was situated in the east suburb near the city wall. The church was designed around Chinese aesthetics, with separate entrances and seating for men and women, and seated 700 people. The exterior design included a pagoda style bell tower that was more sympathetic to the surrounding architecture, the mission workers were concerned that western style buildings would be more prone to hostile attacks. During the opening service the church was full and twelve adults were baptised by Mr Wylie. The mission in Moukden was established in 1876 by indigenous pastors, Mr Wang and Mr Tang before becoming a central station with hospitals, schools and orphanages run by the Scottish mission. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79409
title: Girls' School, Shenyang, ca.1889

description: "Mrs Webster & Girls' School." Group portrait of children and teachers standing outside a school building and in front of a banner with Chinese script. The girls’ boarding school in Shenyang [Moukden] was opened in 1882 and run by Miss Pritty. After she married Thomas Fulton, of the Irish Presbyterian mission, in 1886, the running of the school was taken over by Mrs Isabella Ross and Mrs Webster. The school intake gradually expanded and two orphanages were also opened due to the number of children bereft or abandoned after the severe flooding and famines that occurred in 1886 and 1888. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79320
title: Getting to School, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "St. Ursula High School. How Ratnakar comes to school at St.Ursula." External view of young school child cycling to school. Mrs Margaret Cooper was responsible for much of the Girls orphanages and schools established in Nagpur and St. Ursula’s was set up by her at Sitabaldi. Education at the girls' school was largely improved by Miss Small, who worked at Nagpur from 1882 to 1934. The school was officially recognised by the Government in 1913 and had its building improved in 1923.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79290
title: Agricultural College, Nagpur, India, ca.1927

description: "Agricultural College, Nagpur". Exterior view of the agricultural college at site of Nagpur. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill. Based 10 miles from Nagpur at Kamptee, a military cantonment situated on the Kanhan River, he taught at the school. He learnt the Marathi quickly and integrated with local people. He had a keen interest in the sciences.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79145
title: Cotton Spinners, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Cotton Spinners.” Portrait of woman spinning cotton thread on wooden spinning wheels. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79256
title: Jag Mandir, Udaipur, India, ca.1890

description: “Jagmandir [Jag Mandir] in Odeypur [Udaipur] lake.” View of Jag Mandir Palace, also known as the “Lake Garden Palace”. The palace was started in 1551 and, although there are many island structures in Lake Pichola, Jag Mandir is the largest and most richly decorated. ❧ Views of Rajputana by Lala Deen Diyal.