DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mkxd
title: Thermal performance of Aedes sierrensis life history traits for populations collected across the species range

description: How mosquitoes may respond to rapid climate warming remains unknown for
 most species, but will have major consequences for their future
 distributions, with cascading impacts on human well-being, biodiversity,
 and ecosystem function. We investigated the adaptive potential of a
 wide-ranging mosquito species, Aedes sierrensis, across a large climatic
 gradient by conducting a common garden experiment measuring the thermal
 limits of mosquito life history traits. Although field-collected
 populations originated from vastly different thermal environments that
 spanned over 1,200 km, we found limited variation in upper thermal
 tolerance between populations. In particular, the upper thermal limits of
 all life history traits varied by &lt;3°C across the species range
 and, for most traits, did not differ significantly between populations.
 For one life history trait—pupal development rate—we did detect
 significant variation in upper thermal limits between populations, and
 this variation was strongly correlated with source temperatures, providing
 evidence of local thermal adaptation for pupal development.
  However, we found that maximum environmental temperatures across
 most of the species’ range already regularly exceed the highest upper
 thermal limits estimated under constant temperatures. This result suggests
 that strategies for coping with and/or avoiding thermal extremes are
 likely key components of current and future mosquito thermal tolerance.
description: This dataset pertains to life history trait measurements made on
 10 populations of<em> Aedes sierrensis </em>collected from
 across western North America. Mosquitoes were held at six tempreature
 treatments, and life history traits (larval and pupal survival and
 development rates, and adult lifespan) were made through tracking
 individuals daily. This data was used to obtain estimates of thermal
 limits for each population and trait using Bayesian analysis. Further
 details of mosquito collection, rearing, data collection, processing, and
 analysis are available in the manuscript, as well as a preprint:
 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530886v2
description: # Thermal performance of *Aedes sierrensis* life history traits for
 populations collected across the species range
 These are the scripts and
 data used for analysis in the manuscript '**Mosquito thermal
 tolerance is remarkably constrained across a large climatic range'**
 by Lisa Couper, Johannah Farner, Kelsey Lyberger, Alexandra Lee, and Erin
 Mordecai. The manuscript investigates the evidence for mosquito thermal
 adaptation using *Aedes sierrensis* as a model system. We collected 10
 populations of Aedes sierrensis from tree holes across western North
 America (spanning 1,200 km), then reared all individuals in the lab for
 one generation under common temperatures. We then separated F1 individuals
 into one of six temperature treatments ranging from 5-32℃ and tracked
 individuals daily to measure individual life history traits including
 larval and pupal survival and development rates, and adult lifespan. We
 then fit thermal performance curves to these experimental data to estimate
 upper and lower thermal limits and thermal optima for each population and
 trait. In our investigation of variation in mosquito thermal tolerance, we
 compared variation in these estimated upper thermal limits for each trait
 and population. ## Description of the data and file structure The
 following datasets were used in this experiment and analysis: 1. **Nine
 climate .csv data files**, each corresponding to a specific temperature
 variable, calculated from 2000 - 2020 for the area surrounding each tree
 hole. For each file, the climate variable is listed in the file name
 (e.g., '[Treehole_Exceed35_2000_end2021.csv').
 ](https://github.com/lcouper/MosquitoThermalAdaptation/blob/main/ClimateDataAnalysis/Treehole_Exceed35_2000_end2021.csv "Treehole_Exceed35_2000_end2021.csv") *The following variables are included in each file*: 1. Population: the tree hole at which the temperature variable is provided 2. Year2000 - Year 2021: the year for which the temperature variable is provided. Units are either degrees C, or the number of days. 2. **LifeHistoryData_PreProcessing.csv.** This file contains the raw data from the experiment. Herein, each row denotes an individual mosquito used. The cleaning of this raw data file was conducted using the '[LifeHistoryTraitExp_Analysis_PreProcessing.R'](https://github.com/lcouper/MosquitoThermalAdaptation/blob/main/ExperimentData/LifeHistoryTraitExp_Analysis_PreProcessing.R "LifeHistoryTraitExp_Analysis_PreProcessing.R") script below. The following variables are included in this csv file: 1. SampleID: the unique identifier for each mosquito 2. Population: the tree hole from which the individual originated 3. Temp.Treatment: "A" - "F", indicating whether the individual was held at 5, 13, 187, 24, 28, 32 degrees C. 4. Date.Stated: the date at which that individual was placed at their designated temperature treatment, thus starting the experiment 5. Date.Larval.Death: the date on which the individual died as a larvae, or 'NA' if the individual did not die at this life stage 6. Larval.Diapause: y/n depending on whether the individual remained in diapause until the conclusion of the experiment. Note this is only relevant for individuals held at 5 or 13 degrees C. 7. Date.Pupation: the date the individual pupated, or 'NA' if the individual died prior to this life stage transition 8. Date.Pupal.Death: the date on which the individual died as a pupae, or 'NA' if the individual did not die at this life stage 9. Date.Adult.Eclosion: the date on which the individual emerged as an adult, or 'NA' if the individual did not survive to this life stage transition 10. Date.Adult.Death: the date on which the individual died as an adult, or 'NA' if the individual did not die at this life stage 11. Sex: M/F, or 'NA' if the individual did not survive to adulthood 12. Usage: a 'notes' column, used to indicate whether the individual should be used for sequencing (i.e., if there was any missing data in the prior columns, individuals were not kept for sequencing) 13. Left.Wing.Length: the size (mm) of the individuals left wing 3. **LifeHistoryTrait_Data_NAs.csv.** This file contains the cleaned version of the above, raw data file, with cleaning performed in the R script: '[LifeHistoryTraitExp_Analysis_PreProcessing.R'.](https://github.com/lcouper/MosquitoThermalAdaptation/blob/main/ExperimentData/LifeHistoryTraitExp_Analysis_PreProcessing.R "LifeHistoryTraitExp_Analysis_PreProcessing.R") *The same variables as above are included, with the addition of:* 1. Larval.Survival: 0/1 to indicate whether the individual died (0) or survived (1) the larval life stage 2. Length.Larval.Dev: the length of the larval development period (in days) 3. Length.Pupal. Dev: the length of the pupal development period (in days) 4. Length.Juvenile.Dev: the length of the larval and pupal development period (in days) 5. LarvalDevRate: the rate of larval development (1/days) 6. PupalDevRate: the rate of pupal development (1/days) 7. JuvenileDevRate: the rate of juvenile development (1/days) 8. Juvenile.Survival: 0/1 to indicate whether the individual died (0) or survived (1) the larval and pupal life stage 9. AdultLifepsan: the number of days from adult eclosion to death (or 'NA' if the individual did not reach adulthood) ## Sharing/Access information These same datasets and scripts are freely and publicly available at the following Github repository: ## Code/Software Included here is: 1. **EarthEngine_ClimateAnalysis_Script.rtf**: an Earth Engine script used to calculate relevant temperature variables from PRISM data. This script was used to generate and compile the climate data provided in the nine climate .csv files above (e.g.,[Treehole_Exceed35_2000_end2021.csv)](https://github.com/lcouper/MosquitoThermalAdaptation/blob/main/ClimateDataAnalysis/Treehole_Exceed35_2000_end2021.csv "Treehole_Exceed35_2000_end2021.csv") 2. **LifeHistoryExp_DataPreProcessing.R**: The R script used to clean and re-shape the raw experiment data file (i.e., LifeHistoryData_PreProcessing.csv', the output of which becomes the file 'LifeHistoryTrait_Data_NAs.csv') 3. **LifeHistoryTraitExp_DownstreamAnalysis.R**: The R script used on the 'LifeHistoryTrait_Data_NAs.csv' data file to perform basic downstream analysis including the regression models and correlations described in the manuscript. 4. **TraitFits_PDR.R, TraitFits_LDR.R, TraitFits_pLS.R, TraitFits_pPS.R, TraitFits_AL.R** : The R scripts used to fit Bayesian thermal performance curve models for each trait. Here, each script conducts the fitting for a single trait. Abbreviations are as follows: PDR = pupal development rate, LDR = larval development rate, pLS = probability of larval survival, pPS = probability of pupal survival, AL = adult lifespan