DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rrx
title: Native and non-native insect herbivores associated with native and non-native European trees

description: We compiled a list of all native and non-native insect species known to
 feed on 77 tree species in Europe. For each tree species, a list of
 insects known to utilize that species as a host was compiled using a
 variety of sources. The resulting list consists of 7,598 tree species
 -insect species pairs. Each insect was researched to determine its
 taxonomic groupings, feeding guild (gall-maker, folivore, reproductive
 plant feeder, sap-feeder, or phloem/wood-borer), and whether it was native
 to Europe or non-native.
description: A list of tree species (n = 77) native to Europe was compiled.
 The list originated from the European Atlas of Forest Tree Species
 (San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. 2016). For each tree species, a list of insects
 known to utilize that species as a host was compiled using nine sources:
 Blackman & Eastop (1994), EPPO (2021), García et al. (2016),
 Jendek & Poláková (2014), Kunca et al. (2013), Liljeblad (2021),
 Pickering (2011), Robinson et al. (2010), and Smith & Roy (2008).
 Each insect species was then researched to determine its higher level
 taxonomy, feeding guild (gall maker, folivore, reproductive plant feeder,
 sap feeder, or wood borer), and whether it was native to Europe or
 non-native based on the Fauna Europea database (De Jong et al. 2014) and
 the International Non-native Insect Establishment Database (Turner et al.
 2021). To account for incomplete data that may be generated by poorly
 studied trees, the bottom 12% of tree species (n = 9) were removed from
 the dataset; resources identified 12 or fewer insect species associated
 with these trees. Lastly, each insect species was categorized as either a
 specialist or generalist at the host genus level, where a specialist was
 defined as an insect species that feeds on trees within the same genus,
 while a generalist has hosts in multiple genera.
 Accuracy of the dataset was ensured through multiple steps that
 involved the removal of: 1) insect species not considered herbivores
 (e.g., detritivores and parasitoids); 2) duplicate tree-insect pairs due
 to spelling errors (e.g., <em>Alebra wahlbergi</em> vs.
 <em>A. wahlbergii</em>) or different Latin cases (e.g.,
 <em>Phyllonorycter cerasicolella</em> vs. <em>P.
 cerasicolellus</em>); and 3) subspecies if the species was already
 listed for the tree species. In addition, insect species synonyms were
 identified, and subsequently removed, using the GBIF backbone taxonomy
 with the rGBIF R package (Chamberlain et al. 2017).
 <strong>References</strong> 
 Blackman, R. L., & Eastop, V. F. (1994). Aphids on the
 World’s Trees: an Identification and Information Guide. New York: John
 Wiley & Sons. Chamberlain, S., Ram, K.,
 Barve, V., Mcglinn, D., & Chamberlain, M.S. (2017). Package
 ‘rgbif’. Interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility ‘API,
 5, 0-9. De Jong, Y., Verbeek, M., Michelsen, V., de
 Place Bjørn, P., Los, W., Steeman, F., ... & Penev, L. (2014).
 Fauna Europaea–all European animal species on the web. Biodiversity Data
 Journal, (2): e4034. (doi:0.3897/BDJ.2.e4034) EPPO
 (2021). European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO)
 Global Database (available online). https://gd.eppo.int.
 García Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L.,
 Ben-Dov, Y., Hardy N. B. (2016). ScaleNet: a literature-based model of
 scale insect biology and systematics. (available
 online) http://scalenet.info. Jendek, E., &
 Poláková, J. (2014). Host plants of the world Agrilus (Coleoptera,
 Buprestidae): A critical review. Springer Cham. 706 pp.
 (doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08410-7) Kunca, A., Csoka,
 G., & Zubril, M. (2013). Insects and diseases damaging trees and
 shrubs of Europe. N. A. P. Édition. 535 pp. (ISBN:
 9782913668186) Liljeblad, J. (2021). Swedish species
 observation system. (available online) https://www.artdatabanken.se/,
 accessed: 2021. Pickering, J. (2011). Discover Life.
 http://www.discoverlife.org (available online) accessed: 2021.
 Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Baccaloni, G.
 W., & Hernández, L. M. (2010). HOSTS – a database of the world’s
 Lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.
 http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts (available online) accessed: 2021.
 San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo G., Houston Durrant,
 T., Mauri, A. eds. (2016). European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. European
 Commission. Smith, R. M., and D. B. Roy. (2008).
 Revealing the Foundations of Biodiversity: The Database of British Insects
 and their Foodplants. British Wildlife 20: 17–25.
 Turner, R., Blake, R., & Liebhold, A. M. (2021).
 International Non-native Insect Establishment Data (0.1)[Data set].
 Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/record/5245302#.Y0eYHOzMIad.
description: # Native and non-native insect herbivores associated with native and
 non-native European trees
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rrx](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rrx) ## Description of the data and file structure This database consists of a single file, EuropeanHostData.csv which contains a comprehensive listing of all known herbivorous insects paired with each of 77 tree species native to Europe. The identity of each of 7,598 tree-insect pairs was derived from several published sources described below in Methods.  The database consists of a single file, EuropeanHostData.csv with 12 columns: * Host tree species * Tree family * “Tree type” - Tree clade (angiosperm or conifer) * “Non-native tree in Europe” - Tree nativeness (native or non-native to Europe) * Insect species * Insect native biorealm * Insect feeding guild (sapfeeder, foliage feeder, or borer) * Insect order * Insect family * Insect nativeness (native or non-native to Europe) * Insect host specialization (generalist or specialist using protocol described below) ## Sharing/Access information Data was derived from the following sources: * Blackman, R. L., & Eastop, V. F. (1994). Aphids on the World’s Trees: an Identification and Information Guide. New York: John Wiley & Sons. *  Chamberlain, S., Ram, K., Barve, V., Mcglinn, D., & Chamberlain, M.S. (2017). Package ‘rgbif’. Interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility ‘API, 5, 0-9. *  De Jong, Y., Verbeek, M., Michelsen, V., de Place Bjørn, P., Los, W., Steeman, F., ... & Penev, L. (2014). Fauna Europaea–all European animal species on the web. Biodiversity Data Journal, (2): e4034. (doi:0.3897/BDJ.2.e4034). *  EPPO (2021). European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Global Database (available online). https://gd.eppo.int. *  García Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov, Y., Hardy N. B. (2016). ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. (available online) http://scalenet.info. *  Jendek, E., & Poláková, J. (2014). Host plants of the world Agrilus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): A critical review. Springer Cham. 706 pp. (doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08410-7). *  Kunca, A., Csoka, G., & Zubril, M. (2013). Insects and diseases damaging trees and shrubs of Europe. N. A. P. Édition. 535 pp. (ISBN: 9782913668186) *  Liljeblad, J. (2021). Swedish species observation system. (available online) https://www.artdatabanken.se/, accessed: 2021. *  Pickering, J. (2011). Discover Life. http://www.discoverlife.org (available online) accessed: 2021. *  Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Baccaloni, G. W., & Hernández, L. M. (2010). HOSTS – a database of the world’s Lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts (available online) accessed: 2021. *  San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. eds. (2016). European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. European Commission. *  Smith, R. M., and D. B. Roy. (2008). Revealing the Foundations of Biodiversity: The Database of British Insects and their Foodplants. British Wildlife 20: 17–25. *  Turner, R., Blake, R., & Liebhold, A. M. (2021). International Non-native Insect Establishment Data (0.1)[Data set]. Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/record/5245302#.Y0eYHOzMIad.