DOI: 10.25835/8dcv2ka6
title: YESciEval Corpus

description: **YESciEval** is a benchmark dataset for evaluating the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) as evaluators in scientific question answering (scienceQ&A). It features multi-domain and biomedical question-answering instances with both standard and adversarial variants. The dataset is part of the [YESciEval framework](https://github.com/sciknoworg/YESciEval), developed to support robust, transparent, and scalable evaluation using open-source LLMs.

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## 🔍 Overview

YESciEval provides:

- **ScienceQ&A datasets** generated using open-source LLMs
- **Adversarial variants** designed using fine-grained rubric-based heuristics
- **Evaluation scores** from multiple LLMs acting as evaluators (LLM-as-a-judge)

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## 📂 Dataset Structure

The dataset is organized into two main parts:

### 1. **Benign (Original) ScienceQ&A Data**
Synthesized answers to research questions based on abstracts from relevant papers.

- Sources:
 - **ORKGSyn**: Multidisciplinary questions from the Open Research Knowledge Graph
 - **BioASQ**: Biomedical questions from the BioASQ challenge

- Format: For each Q&A instance:
 - `question`: research question
 - `abstracts`: relevant paper abstracts
 - `answer`: LLM-generated synthesis

### 2. **Adversarial ScienceQ&A Data**
Each benign answer is perturbed with two types of adversarial modifications:

- **Subtle Perturbations**: Realistic, light-weight errors designed to be difficult for models to detect
- **Extreme Perturbations**: Significant modifications that should be easily identifiable by robust evaluators

Perturbations target nine qualitative rubrics:
- Cohesion
- Conciseness
- Readability
- Coherence
- Integration
- Relevancy
- Correctness
- Completeness
- Informativeness

Each rubric has a defined subtle and extreme perturbation heuristic.

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## 🧪 Evaluation Outputs

Each dataset variant is scored using multiple open-source LLMs (e.g., LLaMA-3.1, Qwen-2.5, Mistral-Large) as evaluators. For each response, a JSON file records:

- A 1–5 Likert score for each rubric
- A rationale for the score

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## 📊 Statistics

### ORKGSyn (33 disciplines)
- **Benign**: 348 Q&A pairs
- **Subtle Adversarial**: 348 Q&A pairs
- **Extreme Adversarial**: 348 Q&A pairs

### BioASQ (Biomedical)
- **Benign**: 73 Q&A pairs
- **Subtle Adversarial**: 73 Q&A pairs
- **Extreme Adversarial**: 73 Q&A pairs

Total evaluations: ~45,000 across models and variants.

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## 🗃️ Access

The dataset is also released on the [YESciEval GitHub repository](https://github.com/sciknoworg/YESciEval/tree/main/experiments/dataset).

A dedicated repository, as this one, with only the dataset files can be used to simplify integration into benchmarking pipelines.

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## 📜 Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the following:

&gt; D’Souza, J., Babaei Giglou, H., & Münch, Q. (2025). **YESciEval: Robust LLM-as-a-Judge for Scientific Question Answering**. *Proceedings of ACL 2025*. [Preprint](https://github.com/sciknoworg/YESciEval)

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## 🛠️ License

This dataset is released under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en).

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## 🙋‍♀️ Questions?

For questions or collaborations, contact [Jennifer D’Souza](mailto:jennifer.dsouza@tib.eu).