cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pk7f
title: Contrasting patterns of richness, abundance, and turnover in mountain bumble bees and their floral hosts

description: Environmental gradients generate and maintain biodiversity on Earth.
 Mountain slopes are among the most pronounced terrestrial environmental
 gradients, and the elevational structure of species and their interactions
 can provide unique insight into the processes that govern community
 assembly and function in mountain ecosystems. We recorded bumble
 bee-flower interactions over three years along an 1400 m elevational
 gradient in the German Alps. Using nonlinear modeling techniques, we
 analyzed elevational patterns at the levels of abundance, species
 richness, species β-diversity, and interaction β-diversity. While floral
 richness exhibited a mid-elevation peak, bumble bee richness increased
 with elevation before leveling off at the highest sites, demonstrating the
 exceptional adaptation of these bees to cold temperatures and short
 growing seasons. In terms of abundance, though, bumble bees exhibited
 divergent species-level responses to elevation, with a clear separation
 between species preferring low vs. high elevations. Overall interaction
 β-diversity was mainly caused by strong turnover in the floral community,
 which exhibited a well-defined threshold of β-diversity rate at the tree
 line ecotone. Interaction β-diversity increased sharply at the upper
 extreme of the elevation gradient (1800-2000 m), an interval over which we
 also saw steep decline in floral richness and abundance. Turnover of
 bumble bees along the elevation gradient was modest, with the highest rate
 of β-diversity occurring over the interval from low- to mid-elevation
 sites. The contrast between the relative robustness bumble bee communities
 and sensitivity of plant communities to the elevational gradient in our
 study suggests that the strongest effects of climate change on mountain
 bumble bees may be indirect effects mediated by the responses of their
 floral hosts, though bumble bee species that specialize on high-elevation
 habitats may also experience significant direct effects of warming.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fxpnvx0rk
title: Evolutionary changes in an invasive plant support the defensive role of plant volatiles

description: It is increasingly evident that plants interact with their outside world
 through the production of volatile organic compounds, but whether the
 volatiles have evolved to serve in plant defense is still a topic of
 considerable debate. Unharmed leaves constitutively release small
 amounts of volatiles, but when the leaves are damaged by herbivorous
 arthropods, they emit substantially more volatiles. These
 herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) attract parasitoids and
 predators that kill insect herbivores, and this can benefit the plants. As
 yet, however, there is no tangible evolutionary evidence that this
 tritrophic interplay contributes to the selection forces that have shaped
 the volatile emissions of plants. With this in mind, we
 investigated the evolutionary changes in volatile emissions in invasive
 common ragwort and the respective defensive roles of its constitutive and
 inducible volatiles. This Eurasian plant has invaded other continents,
 where it evolved for many generations in the absence of specialized
 herbivores and their natural enemies. We found that, compared to native
 ragworts, invasive plants release higher levels of constitutive volatiles
 but considerably lower levels of herbivore-induced volatiles. As a
 consequence, invasive ragwort is more attractive to a specialist moth but
 avoided by an unadapted generalist moth. Importantly, conforming to the
 indirect defense hypothesis, a specialist parasitoid was much more
 attracted to caterpillar-damaged native ragwort, which was reflected in
 higher parasitism rates in a field trial. The evolution of foliar volatile
 emissions appears to be indeed driven by their direct and indirect roles
 in defenses against insects.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dv41nx0
title: Timing of increased temperature sensitivity coincides with nervous system development in winter moth embryos

description: Climate change is rapidly altering the environment and many species will
 need to genetically adapt their seasonal timing to keep up with these
 changes. Insect development rate is largely influenced by temperature, but
 we know little about the mechanisms underlying temperature sensitivity of
 development. Here we investigate seasonal timing of egg hatching in the
 winter moth, one of the few species which has been found to genetically
 adapt to climate change, likely through selection on temperature
 sensitivity of egg development rate. To study when during development
 winter moth embryos are most sensitive to changes in ambient temperature,
 we gave eggs an increase or decrease in temperature at different moments
 during their development. We measured their developmental progression and
 timing of egg hatching, and used fluorescence microscopy to construct a
 timeline of embryonic development for the winter moth. We found that egg
 development rate responded more strongly to temperature once embryos were
 in the fully extended germband stage. This is the phylotypic stage at
 which all insect embryos have developed a rudimentary nervous system.
 Furthermore, at this stage timing of ecdysone signaling determines
 developmental progression, which could act as an environment dependent
 gateway. Intriguingly, this may suggest that, from the phylotypic stage
 onward, insect embryos can start to integrate internal and environmental
 stimuli to actively regulate important developmental processes. As we
 found evidence that there is genetic variation for temperature sensitivity
 of egg development rate in our study population, such regulation could be
 a target of selection imposed by climate change.
description: The data includes raw data, statistical models, and R analysis
 scripts. Also additional model output tables and figures have
 been included, which can be reproduced with the scripts. Raw data come
 from two split-brood experiments, in which wild winter moth eggs were
 given an increase or decrease in temperature at different moments during
 their development. Embryos from the different treatment groups were
 fixated, imaged with fluorescence microscopy, and their development stage
 was scored. Embryonic development stage was measured before temperature
 treatment was given, and two weeks after treatment (imaging dataset). We
 also measured egg hatching date (hatching dataset).
description: All code needed to run the analyses can be found in the two
 scripts, which also includes information on the raw data. The statistical
 models have been included in the data, so the user does not necessarily
 have to rerun the models (for which some processing power is
 needed).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1rvx
title: Data from: Sex differences in morphology across an expanding range edge in the flightless ground beetle, Carabus hortensis

description: Many species experience range shifts, contractions, and/or expansions.
 Often, morphological traits that increase movement capacity are observed
 in higher frequencies at the edge of an expanding or shifting range.
 Although traits observed at the range edge may differ between the sexes,
 sex differences in the distribution of morphological traits across
 species’ changing ranges are rarely studied.  Here, we report
 pronotum width (as a proxy for body size) and body condition data from
 individual Carabus hortensis ground beetles that were captured at varying
 proximities to an expanding range edge. The relationships between measures
 of both body size and body condition and the position along the expansion
 front with which individuals were captured were assessed for males and
 females separately. Body size increased with proximity to the range edge
 in males alone. Body condition (relative to body size) was not predicted
 by position along the expansion front, but decreased with increasing
 population density in males but not females. Our results therefore
 indicate that sex is an important factor influencing patterns in trait
 distribution across species’ ranges.
description: Please see README file for explanations of variable names.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzc5
title: Visual discomfort and variations in chromaticity in art and nature

description: Visual discomfort is related to the statistical regularity of visual
 images. The contribution of luminance contrast to visual discomfort is
 well understood and can be framed in terms of a theory of efficient coding
 of natural stimuli, and linked to metabolic demand. While colour is
 important in our interaction with nature, the effect of colour on visual
 discomfort has received less attention. In this study, we build on the
 established association between visual discomfort and differences in
 chromaticity across space. We average the local differences in
 chromaticity in an image and show that this average is a good predictor of
 visual discomfort from the image. It accounts for part of the variance
 left unexplained by variations in luminance. We show that the local
 chromaticity difference in uncomfortable stimuli is high compared to that
 typical in natural scenes, except in particular infrequent conditions such
 as the arrangement of colourful fruits against foliage. Overall, our study
 discloses a new link between visual ecology and discomfort whereby
 discomfort arises when adaptive perceptual mechanisms are overstimulated
 by specific classes of stimuli rarely found in nature.
description: This repository contains the <strong>raw
 data</strong> for the three experiments in the paper,
 <strong>Matlab code</strong> to compute the colour metric
 ("average chromaticity difference") and to recolour the stimuli
 as done in Experiment 3, the computed values of the metric for all the
 experments, and <strong>R code</strong> for the statistical
 analysis of the three experiments (please see
 <strong>readMe.txt</strong> for details).
DOI: 10.25338/b8405m
title: How community forest management performs when REDD+ payments fail

description: The reduced emissions in deforestation and degradation (REDD+) initiative
 uses payments for ecosystem services as incentives for developing
 countries to manage and protect their forests. REDD+ initiatives also
 prioritize social (and environmental) co-benefits aimed at improving the
 livelihoods of communities that are dependent on forests. Despite the
 incorporation of co-benefits into REDD+ goals, carbon sequestration
 remains the primary metric for which countries can receive payments from
 REDD+, but after more than 10 years of REDD+, many site-specific programs
 have failed to complete the carbon verification process. Here, we examine
 whether the REDD+ social co-benefits alone are sufficient to have slowed
 deforestation in the absence of carbon payments on Pemba, Tanzania. Using
 satellite imagery (Landsat archive), we quantified forest cover change for
 the period before (2001–2010) and after (2010–2018) the launch in
 2010–2011 of Pemba island's REDD+ readiness project. We then compared
 rates of forest cover change
 between shehia (administrative units) that were part of
 REDD+ readiness intervention and those that were not, adjusting for
 confounding variables and the non-random selection of
 REDD+ shehia with a statistical matching procedure.
 Despite considerable variation in forest outcomes among shehia,
 the associated co-benefits with the Pemba REDD+ project had no discernible
 effect on forest cover change. Likewise, we did not detect an effect of
 socioecological covariates on forest cover change across
 all shehia, though island-wide human population growth since 2012
 may have played a role. These findings are unsurprising given the failure
 to secure carbon payments on Pemba and indicate that co-benefits alone are
 insufficient to reduce deforestation. We conclude that better oversight of
 all-involved parties is needed to ensure that REDD+ interventions
 satisfactorily conclude the process of securing a mechanism for carbon
 payments, if slowing deforestation is to be achieved.
description: Please refer to ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396710
title: SuperDARN data in netCDF format (2006-Jun)

description: 2006-Jun SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using version 3.0 of the public FitACF algorithm, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.


The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rst



The research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation.
Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications.
A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.




Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication.
A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here:
(SuperDARN Radar Overview)



Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:



'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6632039
title: SuperDARN data in netCDF format (2006-Jun)

description: 2006-Jun SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using version 3.0 of the public FitACF algorithm, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.


The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rst



The research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation.
Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications.
A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.




Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication.
A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here:
(SuperDARN Radar Overview)



Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:



'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kdbt
title: Mammaliaform extinctions as a driver of the morphological radiation of Cenozoic mammals

description: Adaptive radiations are hypothesised as a generating mechanism for much of
 the morphological diversity of extant species1,2,3,4,5,6,7. The Cenozoic
 radiation of placental mammals, the foundational example of this
 concept8,9, gave rise to much of the morphological disparity of extant
 mammals, and is generally attributed to relaxed evolutionary constraints
 following the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs10,11,12,13. However, study
 of this and other radiations has focussed on variation in evolutionary
 rates4,5,7,14, leaving the extent to which relaxation of constraints
 enabled the origin of novel phenotypes less well-characterised15-17. We
 evaluate constraints on morphological evolution among mammaliaforms
 (mammals and their closest relatives) using a new method that quantifies
 the capacity of evolutionary change to generate phenotypic novelty. We
 find that Mesozoic crown-group therians, which include the ancestors of
 placental mammals, were significantly more constrained than other
 mammaliaforms. Relaxation of these constraints occurred in the
 mid-Paleocene, post-dating the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs at the
 K/Pg boundary, instead coinciding with important environmental shifts and
 with declining ecomorphological diversity in non-theriimorph
 mammaliaforms. This relaxation occurred even in small-bodied Cenozoic
 mammals weighing &lt;100g, which are unlikely to have competed with
 dinosaurs. Instead, our findings support a more complex model whereby
 Mesozoic crown therian evolution was in-part constrained by co-occurrence
 with disparate mammaliaforms, as well as by presence of dinosaurs,
 within-lineage incumbency effects and environmental factors. Our results
 demonstrate that variation in evolutionary constraints can occur
 independently of variation in evolutionary rate; and that both make
 important contributions to the understanding of adaptive radiations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jm63xsj9v
title: Experimental treatments and survival of transplanted harvester ant colonies

description: In sessile organisms such as plants and benthic invertebrates, founding
 propagules typically suffer extremely high rates of mortality due to both
 extrinsic and intrinsic factors.  Many social insect species
 share similarities with these groups, but factors influencing early colony
 survival are relatively unstudied.   We used a field experiment
 to measure the importance of environmental quality relative to intrinsic
 colony properties in the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, by
 monitoring the survival of 584 experimental colonies. Colony survival was
 primarily determined by intrinsic factors. Multiple mating by the
 queen and larger colony size at the time of transplant increased survival,
 but queen size, maternal lineage and the composition of plant species in
 the vicinity of the colony did not. Food supplementation increased
 survival significantly when natural food was scarce, but was not
 consistently beneficial, in contrast to predictions.  Our results
 emphasize the general importance of rapid growth and early attainment of
 large size in the survival of sessile species. However, attributes
 specific to ants, their sociality and mating system, also strongly
 affected survival. Colonies with multiply-mated queens were more likely to
 survive over a wide range of circumstances, highlighting the importance of
 this trait even at the early stages of colony life. These are data to
 support the paper "The benefits of being big and diverse: early
 colony survival in harvester ants." The data are the
 experimental traits of the colonies used for transplantation (size and
 lineage of the queen, size of the colony, mating status, food treatment,
 local vegetation), the characteristics of the transplant itself (year of
 transplant and the transplant set) as well as the experimental results
 (the duration of survival and whether the colony survived until the end of
 the experiment).
description: These data describe the traits of the colonies that were
 transplanted in three summers, 2014-2016. The data are designed to be
 analyzed with survival analysis.  The traits of the colonies (e.g. size
 and lineage of the queen, size of the colony at transplant) are indicated
 in the dataset. The experimental factors (e.g. mating frequency, food
 supplementation, local vegetation) are given, as are variables that
 indicate the year of transplant, the transplant set and the colony
 identifier. The response variable is the duration of survival with the
 value of censor indicating whether the colony survived to the end of the
 data collection.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p2v6
title: Long-term trends in marine turtle size at maturity at an important Atlantic rookery

description: For species reaching maturity at a range of ages or sizes, factors that
 influence juvenile growth and size at maturity may have lasting impacts on
 overall fitness. Assessing when animals reach maturity is especially
 challenging for species which are difficult to follow through time as a
 result of highly migratory behavior, long life spans, or both. We examined
 nesting female size in a reproductive assemblage of green turtles
 (Chelonia mydas) and loggerheads (Caretta caretta) on the east coast of
 Florida, USA. We used a long-term dataset from 1982-2019 to estimate a
 minimum size at maturity interval on the basis of two standard deviations
 below mean female size for each species. The minimum size intervals for
 green turtles (81.4 - 89.3 cm) and loggerheads (68.1 - 79.1 cm) were lower
 than most previous estimates in the literature, many of which were simply
 the smallest individual ever observed. There was a significant decrease in
 the upper bound of the minimum size interval over the study period for
 both green turtles (1.6 cm) and loggerheads (4.1 cm). These shifts in size
 at maturity may be the result of changes in population demographics,
 habitat quality, and behavioral reactions to these changes. The
 development and periodic reassessment of robust estimators of maturity are
 an important part of programs centered around the monitoring and
 conservation of vulnerable wildlife populations.
description: Each line represents an individual encounter with a nesting
 female sea turtle with the year, species, and straight carapace length
 measured in centimeters from notch-tip. Individual turtles are only listed
 once within a nesting year.
DOI: 10.6086/d16d6b
title: Evolutionary impacts of introgressive hybridization in a rapidly evolving group of jumping spiders (F. Salticidae, Habronattus americanus group)

description: Introgressive hybridization can be a powerful force impacting patterns of
 evolution at multiple taxonomic levels. We aimed to understand how
 introgression has affected speciation and diversification within a species
 complex of jumping spiders. The Habronattus americanus subgroup is a
 recently radiating group of jumping spiders, with species now in contact
 after hypothesized periods of isolation during glaciation cycles of the
 Pleistocene. Effects of introgression on genomes and morphology were
 investigated using phylogenomic and clustering methods using RADseq,
 ultraconserved elements (UCEs), and morphological data. We characterized
 14 unique species/morphs using non-metric multidimensional scaling of
 morphological data, a majority of which were not recovered as monophyletic
 in our phylogenomic analyses. Morphological clusters and genetic lineages
 are highly incongruent, such that geographic region was a greater
 predictor of phylogenetic relatedness and genomic similarity than species
 or morph identity. STRUCTURE analyses support this pattern, revealing
 clusters corresponding to larger geographic regions. A history of rapid
 radiation in combination with frequent introgression seems to have mostly
 homogenized the genomes of species in this system, while selective forces
 maintain distinct male morphologies. GEMMA analyses support this idea by
 identifying SNPs correlated with distinct male morphologies. Overall, we
 have uncovered a system at odds with a typical bifurcating evolutionary
 model, instead supporting one where closely related species evolve
 together connected through multiple introgression events, creating a
 reticulate evolutionary history.