cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gtht76hm5
title: Thermal performance under constant temperatures can accurately predict insect development times across naturally variable microclimates

description: External conditions can drive biological rates in ectotherms by directly
 influencing body temperatures. While estimating the temperature dependence
 of performance-traits such as growth and development rate is feasible
 under controlled laboratory settings, predictions in nature are difficult.
 One major challenge lies in translating performance under constant
 conditions to fluctuating environments. Using the butterfly Pieris napi as
 model system, we show that development rate, an important fitness trait,
 can be accurately predicted in the field using models parameterized under
 constant laboratory temperatures. Additionally, using a factorial design,
 we show that accurate predictions can be made across microhabitats, but
 critically hinge on adequate consideration of nonlinearity in reaction
 norms, spatial heterogeneity in microclimate, and temporal variation in
 temperature. Our empirical results are also supported by a comparison of
 published and simulated data. Conclusively, our combined results suggest
 that, discounting direct effects of temperature, insect development rates
 are generally unaffected by thermal fluctuations.
description: Thermal performance in development rate was measured at 8
 constant temperatures in the butterfly <em>Pieris napi</em>.
 Measurements were made for eggs and larvae separately, as well as for the
 full ontogonetic development between oviposition and pupation (eggs and
 larvae combined). Thermal performance curves were fit to the data.
 Prediction models were parameterized based on this data, and validated
 through field transplants. For the field transplants, microclimate
 temperatures were frequently sampled at multiple sites. These temperatures
 were used to predict development times. For comparison, weather station
 data was also used in the prediction model. Transplanted individuals were
 monitored and their development times in the field were compared to
 predictions. All raw data necessary to reproduce these
 results are available here, and compressed to
 "von_Schmalensee_et_al_2021_ecol_lett_scripts_and_data.rar".
 Additionally, the scripts used to produce the results and the five main
 figures are available, with annotation. See the "0_readme.txt"
 file for more information, and the main manuscript and supporting
 information for a detailed description of the methods.
description: All raw data necessary to reproduce these results are available
 here, and compressed to
 "von_Schmalensee_et_al_2021_ecol_lett_scripts_and_data.rar".
 Additionally, the scripts used to produce the results and the five main
 figures are available, with annotation. See the "0_readme.txt"
 file for more information, and the main manuscript and supporting
 information for a detailed description of the methods.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgqsp
title: Data from: Donoghue, P.C.J., 2001. Conodonts meet cladistics: recovering relationships and assessing the completeness of the conodont fossil record

description: A numerical cladistic analysis of the conodont family Palmatolepidae has
 been undertaken to determine the applicability of the technique to
 group-wide systematic revision. Results suggest a new hypothesis of
 relationships that is considerably more parsimonious than trees compatible
 with existing hypotheses of relationships, or trees that are even loosely
 constrained stratigraphically. This may occur either because the fossil
 record is incomplete, because taxon sampling for the cladistic analysis is
 low, or because the most parsimonious trees approximate the true tree less
 well than do stratigraphically-constrained trees (or because of a
 combination of these factors). Although more taxa and more characters
 would be preferable in choosing between these possibilities, the tree
 derived solely from morphological data is adopted. Thus, stratigraphic
 data can be used to test hypotheses of relationships and construct
 phylogenies; hypotheses of relationships can be used to test the
 completeness of the conodont fossil record. Existing schemes of
 classification within the Palmatolepidae are rejected because most groups
 within them are either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. A new scheme is
 presented. Character changes suggest correlated, progressive and mosaic
 evolution within the Palmatolepidae. Parsimony analysis of partitioned
 datasets indicates that more phylogenetic information can be recovered
 from S rather than P or M element positions, although data from all three
 positional groups are preferable to data from just one. Thus, multielement
 taxonomy is essential to the resolution of conodont interrelationships.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d2547d82p
title: Data from: Parasitic wasps do not lack lipogenesis

description: Fatty acids are crucial primary metabolites for virtually any creature on
 earth. Therefore, most organisms do not rely exclusively on nutritional
 supply with fatty acids but have the ability to synthesize fatty acids and
 triacylglycerides de novo from carbohydrates, a process called
 lipogenesis. The ubiquity of lipogenesis has been questioned by a series
 of studies reporting that many parasitic wasps (parasitoids) do not
 accumulate lipid mass despite having unlimited access to sugar. This has
 been interpreted as an evolutionary metabolic trait loss in parasitoids.
 Here, we demonstrate de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids from 13C-labeled
 alpha-D-glucose in thirteen species of parasitoids from seven families. We
 furthermore show with the model organism Nasonia vitripennis that
 lipogenesis occurs even when lipid reserves are still intact, but relative
 13C-incorporation rates increase in females with widely depleted fat
 reserves. Therefore, we conclude that the presumed ‘lack of lipogenesis’
 in parasitoids needs to be re-evaluated.
description: The MS Excel data file contains the results of chemical analyses
 of lipid extracts from 13 parasitoid species by coupled gas
 chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data include peak areas of diagnostic
 ions from two fatty acid methyl esters to calculate relative incorporation
 rates. Extracted ion chromatograms of m/z 90 and m/z 87 were manually
 integrated at the retention times of palmitic acid methyl ester and
 stearic acid methyl ester. Resulting peak areas of m/z 90 were related to
 the summed peak areas of m/z 90 + m/z 87 and relative incorporation rates
 were calculated (%). Furthermore, peak areas (total ion current) of the
 six most abundant fatty acid methyl esters were related to an internal
 standard to calculate the fatty acid contents of lipid extracts and
 isolated triacylglyceride fractions. For more details see methods
 described at https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0548.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkgk
title: Validating the use of stereo-video cameras to conduct remote measurements of sea turtles

description: Stereo-Video Camera Systems (SVCSs) are a promising tool to remotely
 measure body size of wild animals without the need for animal handling.
 Here, we assessed the accuracy of SVCSs for measuring straight carapace
 length (SCL) of sea turtles. To achieve this, we hand captured
 and measured 63 juvenile, sub-adult, and adult sea turtles across three
 species, greens, Chelonia mydas (n = 52), loggerheads, Caretta caretta (n
 = 8), and Kemp’s ridley, Lepidochelys kempii (n = 3) in the waters off
 Eleuthera, The Bahamas and Crystal River, Florida, U.S.A. between May -
 November 2019. Upon release, we filmed these individuals with the SVCS. We
 performed photogrammetric analysis to extract stereo SCL measurements
 (eSCL), which were then compared to the (manual) capture measurements
 (mSCL). mSCL ranged from 25.9 – 89.2 cm, while eSCL ranged from
 24.7 – 91.4 cm. Mean percent bias of eSCL ranged from -0.61% (± 0.11 SE)
 to -4.46% (± 0.31 SE) across all species and locations. We statistically
 analyzed potential drivers of measurement error, including distance of the
 turtle to the SVCS, turtle angle, image quality, turtle size, capture
 location, and species.Using a linear mixed effects model, we found that
 the distance between the turtle and the SVCS was the primary factor
 influencing measurement error. Our research suggests that stereo-video
 technology enables high-quality measurements of sea turtle body size
 collected in situ without the need for hand-capturing individuals. This
 study contributes to the growing knowledge base that SVCS are accurate for
 body size measurements independent of taxonomic clade.
description: This dataset was collected by hand-capturuing individual turtles
 and filming their release with the stereo-video camera system.
 Measurements of straight carapace length were taking with hand calipers
 when captured individuals were brought on board the research vessel; as
 well as, using the EventMeasure software to extract 3D
 measurements. 
description: There are no missing values, and column names are
 self-explanatory.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cg63
title: Gaps in DNA sequence libraries for Macaronesian marine macroinvertebrates imply decades till completion and robust monitoring

description: Aim: DNA metabarcoding has great potential to improve biomonitoring in
 island’s marine ecosystems, which are highly vulnerable to global change
 and non-indigenous species (NIS) introductions. However, the depth and
 accuracy of the taxonomic identifications are largely dependent on
 reference libraries containing representative and reliable sequences for
 the targeted species. In this study, we evaluated the gaps in the
 availability of DNA sequences and their accuracy, for macroinvertebrates
 inhabiting Macaronesia’s shallow marine habitats. Location: Macaronesia
 (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries). Methods: Checklists of marine
 invertebrates occurring above 50m depth were compiled using public
 databases and published checklists. The availability of cytochrome c
 oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA (18S) gene sequences was verified in
 BOLD and GenBank. Finally, COI data was audited to check the congruence
 between morphospecies and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). Results: The
 taxonomic coverage of different phyla was greater for COI but unbalanced
 and variable among archipelagos. NIS were better represented in genetic
 databases (up to 73% and 59%, for COI and 18S, respectively) than native
 species (up to 47% and 31%, for COI and 18S, respectively). NIS displayed
 a higher number of discordant records, while native species higher cases
 of multiple BINs. Notably, DNA sequences generated from specimens
 collected from Macaronesia were found in less than 10% of the species.
 Analysis of the rates of accretion of DNA sequences suggests that decades
 will be needed to complete these reference libraries. Main conclusions:
 The level of completion of reference libraries for Macaronesia’s marine
 macroinvertebrates is generally poor. Without a strong effort to speed up
 the production of sequence data (i.e., generate more DNA barcodes), the
 ability to employ DNA-based biomonitoring of such vulnerable fauna is
 compromised. The high levels of suspected hidden diversity here reported,
 further deepens the expected gaps, and reinforces the vulnerability of
 this endemism-rich fauna.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x69p8czj0
title: Data from: Are fragments fruitful? A comparison of plant–seed disperser communities between fragments and contiguous forest in north-east India

description: Plant–seed disperser interactions are critical for maintaining tropical
 plant diversity. However, these interactions are altered by habitat
 fragmentation, a pervasive threat to the tropics globally. We compared
 vegetation structure, richness and composition of plant–seed disperser
 interactions across two forest fragments (area: ~25 km2), and one
 contiguous forest site in the last remaining lowland tropical forests in
 north-east India. We compared network-level indices (nestedness,
 generality, and vulnerability) and species-level indices (degree and
 species strength) to identify key plant and bird groups across the three
 sites. We found that the sites varied in habitat structure. The three
 sites were more similar in the composition of avian seed dispersers than
 plants. The low similarity in plant-seed disperser interactions between
 the three sites was likely influenced by low similarity in fruiting
 plants. The fragmented sites exhibited fewer pairwise interactions and
 were characterized by a higher representation of small-seeded plant
 species, climbers, and open-forest birds. Small-bodied birds (bulbuls and
 barbets) played a central role in all the seed dispersal networks, while
 large-bodied birds (hornbills) performed persistent interactions with
 large-seeded plants at all sites. This is one of the first studies from
 the Asian tropics to investigate the differences in the plant–avian seed
 disperser communities between forest fragments and contiguous forest. Our
 findings highlight the conservation value of fragments given their
 potential to hold a distinct set of plant–seed disperser interactions
 thereby maintaining functional diversity in tropical fragmented
 landscapes.
description: This project contains data from a study that compared plant–avian
 seed disperser interactions between two fragments (FF1; FF2) and a
 contiguous forest (CF) in the lowland tropical rainforests of Upper Assam,
 north-east India. The study was carried out between January 2019 and April
 2019 by Abir Jain, Navendu Page, G.S. Rawat of the Wildlife Institute of
 India, and Rohit Naniwadekar of the Nature Conservation
 Foundation.  The dataset comprises all the files used
 for carrying out the analyses.  The
 information regarding each file is included in the readme file:
 'README_Jain_etal_info.txt'. The description
 of all columns heads in each of the file is included in:
 '0_datafiles_column_names_description.csv'.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z8w9ghxc4
title: Acute and chronic effects of multiple concussions on midline brain structures

description: Objective: To test the hypothesis that a history of concussion (HOC)
 causes greater disturbances in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and white matter
 microstructure of midline brain structures after subsequent concussions,
 during the acute and chronic phases of recovery. Methods: In this
 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, 61 athletes with
 uncomplicated concussion (36 with HOC) were imaged at the acute phase of
 injury (1 to 7 days post-injury), the subacute phase (8 to 14 days),
 medical clearance to return to play (RTP), one month post-RTP and one year
 post-RTP. A normative group of 167 controls (73 with HOC) were also
 imaged. Each session assessed CBF of the cingulate cortex, along with
 fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the corpus
 callosum. Linear mixed models tested for interactions of HOC with time
 post-injury. The sport concussion assessment tool (SCAT) was also used to
 evaluate effects of HOC on symptoms, cognition and balance. Results:
 Athletes with HOC had greater declines in midcingulate CBF subacutely
 (z=-3.29, p=0.002) and greater declines in posterior cingulate CBF at one
 year post-RTP (z=-2.42, p=0.007). No significant effects of HOC were seen
 for FA, whereas athletes with HOC had higher MD of the splenium at RTP
 (z=2.54, p=0.008). These effects were seen in the absence of differences
 in SCAT domains (|z|&lt;1.14, p&gt;0.256) or time to RTP (z=0.23,
 p=0.818). Conclusions: Results indicate subacute and chronic effects of
 HOC on cingulate CBF and callosal microstructure, in the absence of
 differences in clinical indices. These findings provide new insights into
 physiological brain recovery after concussion, with cumulative effects of
 repeated injury detected among young, healthy athletes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2z34tmpmd
title: Data from: Relative bee abundance varies by collection method and flowering richness: implications for understanding patterns in bee community data

description: Pollination by wild bees is a vital ecosystem process in natural and
 managed systems. Recent declines in wild bee populations have led to
 increases in conservation actions and monitoring of bee communities. Pan
 traps are a commonly used sampling method for monitoring bee populations
 due to their efficiency and low cost. However, potential biases inherent
 in different sampling techniques may result in misleading
 characterizations of bee communities across space and time. In this paper,
 we examined how bee communities sampled using pan traps and aerial nets
 changed seasonally, and if they were affected by the availability of
 floral resources. We found strong seasonal changes in the abundance, but
 not the richness, of bees captured in pan traps. Notably, we captured the
 fewest bees during weeks in spring when most flowering plant species were
 in bloom, suggesting that floral resource availability influences pan trap
 captures. We also compared patterns of bee abundance in pan traps to those
 captured by aerial netting. Bee richness in pans and nets was positively
 correlated, but relative abundances in pan and net samples were dominated
 by different bee genera. Furthermore, most genera decreased in pans with
 increasing floral richness, but patterns were mixed for nets. When using
 presence/absence data, rather than abundance, community composition was
 more similar between netted and pan trapped bee communities, and changed
 less substantially across the floral richness gradient. Overall, these
 differences led to sampling substantially different bee community
 compositions in pan traps vs. nets. By examining multiple years of
 intensive seasonal sampling of plant and bee communities, we document
 potential pitfalls with methods commonly used to sample bee communities.
 We suggest that pan trapping and aerial netting provide similar estimates
 of bee species richness and community composition when using
 presence/absence data, but that practitioners should interpret pan trapped
 bee abundance data with caution especially when comparing bee communities
 between sites where plant communities may differ.
description: All data were collected by
 the authors and staff at MPG Ranch near Missoula, MT. All bees are curated
 at the U.S. National Pollinating Insects Collection at Logan, Utah, and
 the full database is maintained in the U.S. National Pollinating Insects
 Database. See the manuscript for additional details about the study
 location and data collection. This repository contains the data used in
 the publication. See metadata file for description of individual data
 files and variables.
description: See metadata file for additional details.
DOI: 10.6086/d12q32
title: Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history

description: The western yellowjacket, Vespula pensylvanica, exhibits
 plasticity in colony longevity, exhibiting either an annual colony cycle
 (declining in winter) or perennial colony cycle (persisting for multiple
 years). We used a combination of feeding and passive heating manipulations
 as well as pathogen screens to identify ecological factors influencing
 colony longevity. These are the data from the paper, "Viral load, not
 food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive
 eusocial wasp with plastic life history."
description: Wasp activity was monitored weekly or biweekly over three years
 as described in the paper. We provided a subset of colonies with food
 supplementation, and a subset of colonies with passive heating devices
 (ITEX cones). Details can be found in the paper. We also sampled workers
 from each colony monitored (control colonies and manipulated colonies) and
 screened for pathogens. We then used linear models and survival analyses
 to assess which factors significantly correlated with colony longevity.
 Details can be found in the published paper.
description: All columns and explanations of the data can be found in the tab
 "field_key".
DOI: 10.6078/d1w12f
title: Ecological basis and genetic architecture of crypsis polymorphism in the desert clicker grasshopper (Ligurotettix coquilletti)

description: Color polymorphic species can offer exceptional insight into the ecology
 and genetics of adaptation. Although the genetic architecture of animal
 coloration is diverse, many color polymorphisms are associated with large
 structural variants and maintained by biotic interactions. Grasshoppers
 are notably polymorphic in both color and karyotype, making them excellent
 models for understanding the ecological drivers and genetic underpinnings
 of color variation. Banded and uniform morphs of the desert clicker
 grasshopper (Ligurotettix coquilletti) are found across the western
 deserts of North America. To address the hypothesis that predation
 maintains local color polymorphism and shapes regional crypsis variation,
 we surveyed morph frequencies and tested for covariation with two
 predation environments. Morphs coexisted at intermediate frequencies at
 most sites, consistent with local balancing selection. Morph frequencies
 covaried with the appearance of desert substrate – an environment used
 only by females – suggesting that ground-foraging predators are major
 agents of selection on crypsis. We next addressed the hypothesized link
 between morph variation and genome structure. To do so, we designed an
 approach for detecting inversions and indels using only RADseq data. The
 banded morph was perfectly correlated with a large putative indel.
 Remarkably, indel dominance differed among populations, a rare example of
 dominance evolution in nature.
description: Data were collected from the field, using photograpy and image
 processing and from DNA sequences.
description: Frequency data for banded vs. uniform morphs of the desert
 clicker are reported as well as pattern energy spectra of their body color
 (and habitat), as well as population genomic data.