cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/380f49e5-9448-4d26-b832-fe176d3a1978
title: Land Cover Map 1990 (1km dominant aggregate class, N. Ireland)

description: This dataset consists of the 1km raster, dominant aggregate class version of the Land Cover Map 1990 (LCM1990) for Northern Ireland. The 1km dominant coverage product is based on the 1km percentage product and reports the aggregated habitat class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel. The 10 aggregate classes are groupings of the 21 target classes, which are based on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompass the entire range of UK habitats. The aggregate classes group some of the more specialised classes into more general categories. For example, the five coastal classes in the target class are grouped into a single aggregate coastal class. This dataset is derived from the vector version of the Land Cover Map, which contains individual parcels of land cover and is the highest available spatial resolution.

LCM1990 is a land cover map of the UK which was produced at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images (mainly from 1989 and 1990) into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. It is the first in a series of land cover maps for the UK, which also includes maps for 2000, 2007, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019.  

LCM1990 consists of a range of raster and vector products and users should familiarise themselves with the full range (see related records, the UK CEH web site and the LCM1990 Dataset documentation) to select the product most suited to their needs.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

description: The 1km dominant cover aggregate class is produced from the 1km percentage cover aggregate class product. The 1km percentage cover data is used to identify the highest percentage cover across the 10 bands and a script is used to identify which band the maximum value coincides with.
DOI: 10.5285/3f88bf7f-e67b-41da-9c52-086ddb9f35f9
title: Land Cover Map 2024 (25m rasterised land parcels, N. Ireland)

description: This is a 25m pixel data set representing the land surface of Northern Ireland, classified into 21 UKCEH land cover classes, based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. It is a three-band raster in GeoTiff format, produced by rasterising three properties of the classified land parcels dataset. The first band gives the most likely land cover type; the second band gives the per-parcel probability of the land cover, the third band is a measure of parcel purity. The probability and purity bands (scaled 0 to 100) combine to give an indication of uncertainty.  A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2024 products are available from the LCM2024 product documentation.
description: UKCEH’s automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. A Random Forest classifier is used to classify four composite satellite images representing per season median surface reflectance, based on training data comprising locations of known land cover for 21 land cover classes. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra.

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2024 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation.

The 25 m rasterised land parcels product is created by rasterising the corresponding land parcel product.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162611.10fu
title: SH0162611.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/0ac15fd6-6f3a-4f28-8ed7-34461ca62a6e
title: Land Cover Map 2024 (1km summary rasters, GB and N. Ireland)

description: This 1 km summary pixel data set represents the land surface of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, classified using two classification schemas, target and aggregate classes. The target class schema comprise 21 UKCEH land cover classes based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. The aggregate class schema comprises 10 aggregate classes that are groupings of the 21 target classes. The aggregate classes group some of the more specialised target classes into more general classes. For example, the five coastal classes in the target class are grouped into a single aggregate class.

The 1km percentage product provides the percentage cover for each of the 21 land cover classes for 1km x 1km pixels. This product contains one band per habitat class, producing 21 and 10 band images for the target and aggregate class products respectively. The 1km dominant coverage product is based on the 1km percentage product, and reports the land cover class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel. A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2024 products are available from the LCM2024 product documentation.
description: UKCEH’s automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. A Random Forest classifier is used to classify four composite satellite images representing per season median surface reflectance, based on training data comprising locations of known land cover for 21 land cover classes. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra. 

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2024 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation.

The 25 m rasterised land parcels product is created by rasterising the corresponding land parcel product.
DOI: 10.5285/a1f85307-cad7-4e32-a445-84410efdfa70
title: Land Cover Map 2021 (25m rasterised land parcels, GB)

description: This is a 25m pixel data set representing the land surface of Great Britain, classified into 21 UKCEH land cover classes, based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. It is a three-band raster in GeoTiff format, produced by rasterising three properties of the classified land parcels dataset. The first band gives the most likely land cover type; the second band gives the per-parcel probability of the land cover, the third band is a measure of parcel purity. The probability and purity bands (scaled 0 to 100) combine to give an indication of uncertainty.  A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2021 products are available from the LCM2021 product documentation accompanying this dataset.
description: UKCEH's automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. Training data were automatically selected from stable land covers over the interval of 2018 to 2020. A Random Forest classifier used these to classify four composite images representing per season median surface reflectance. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra.  

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2021 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation accompanying this dataset.

The 25 m rasterised land parcels product is created by pixelating the corresponding land parcel product.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162612.10fu
title: SH0162612.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/84c07c67-88a4-439a-a339-b0577afd3886
title: Land Cover Map 1990 (1km dominant aggregate class, GB)

description: This dataset consists of the 1km raster, dominant aggregate class version of the Land Cover Map 1990 (LCM1990) for Great Britain. The 1km dominant coverage product is based on the 1km percentage product and reports the aggregated habitat class with the highest percentage cover for each 1km pixel. The 10 aggregate classes are groupings of 21 target classes, which are based on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompass the entire range of UK habitats. The aggregate classes group some of the more specialised classes into more general categories. For example, the five coastal classes in the target class are grouped into a single aggregate coastal class. This dataset is derived from the vector version of the Land Cover Map, which contains individual parcels of land cover and is the highest available spatial resolution. 

LCM1990 is a land cover map of the UK which was produced at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images (mainly from 1989 and 1990) into 21 Broad Habitat-based classes. It is the first in a series of land cover maps for the UK, which also includes maps for 2000, 2007, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019.  

LCM1990 consists of a range of raster and vector products and users should familiarise themselves with the full range (see related records, the UK CEH web site and the LCM1990 Dataset documentation) to select the product most suited to their needs.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

description: The 1km dominant cover aggregate class is produced from the 1km percentage cover aggregate class product. The 1km percentage cover data is used to identify the highest percentage cover across the 10 bands and a script is used to identify with which band the maximum value coincides.
DOI: 10.5285/fdf8c8d3-5998-45a5-8431-7f5e6302fc32
title: Land Cover Map 2007 (1km percentage target class, GB) v1.2

description: This dataset consists of a 1km resolution raster version of the Land Cover Map 2007 for Great Britain. The raster consists of 23 bands. Within each band, each 1km pixel represents a percentage cover value for one of 23 target classes, broadly representing Broad Habitats (see below). The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2007. LCM2007 is a parcel-based thematic classification of satellite image data covering the entire United Kingdom. The map updates and upgrades the Land Cover Map of Great Britain (LCMGB) 1990 and LCM2000. Like the earlier 1990 and 2000 products, LCM2007 is derived from a computer classification of satellite scenes obtained mainly from Landsat, IRS and SPOT sensors and also incorporates information derived from other ancillary datasets. LCM2007 was classified using a nomenclature corresponding to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompasses the entire range of UK habitats. In addition, it recorded further detail where possible. The series of LCM2007 products includes vector and raster formats, with a number of different versions containing varying levels of detail and at different spatial resolutions.
description: LCM2007 uses a spatial framework based on OS MasterMap (R). MasterMap was generalised to remove unnecessary detail, then the framework was segmented according to the underlying satellite data to split areas of non-uniform landscape. The data was classified according to a parcel-based supervised maximum likelihood classification procedure. The raster products are derived from the vector products. Version 1.2 includes the addition of OS tiles HZ and NW. See online supporting information for further details.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162613.10fu
title: SH0162613.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/07b6e5e9-b766-48e5-a28c-5b3e35abecc0
title: Land Cover Change 1990-2015 (25m raster, GB)

description: This dataset consists of the 25m raster, Land Cover Change 1990 -2015 product for Great Britain. The dataset is produced from the Land Cover Map (LCM) 25m raster versions of LCM1990 and LCM2015 and reports Land Cover Change between 1990 and 2015 in six simplified classes. The product consists of five bands:  
 Band 1 – a raster version of LCM1990 in the six simplified classes;
 Band 2 – a raster version of LCM2015 in the six simplified classes;
 Band 3 – a binary layer, where 0 means no change between 1990 and 2015 and 1 means change between 1990 and 2015;
 Band 4 – shows the 'change from' class;
 Band 5 – provides the 'change to' class. 

Full details of the Land Cover Change data set are provided in the Land Cover Change data set documentation, which users should consult.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Bands 1 and 2 are derived from the 25m raster versions of the Land Cover Maps for 1990 and 2015 respectively. The LCM data for 1990 and 2015 was cast from the original 21 classes into 6 simplified classes (see dataset documentation for details). 

Band 3 (the binary change/no-change layer) maps differences between the simplified classes in 1990 and 2015. Band 3 and Band 1 are then used to create Band 4, the ‘change from' layer, which gives the 1990 class for change. Band 5, the ‘change to' layer,  is calculated from Bands 3 and 2 and provides the 2015 ‘change to' class.

For further details about LCM1990 and LCM2015 are given in the dataset documents for those products.
DOI: 10.5285/1e09f53f-55de-4960-b2a1-da2a42029e7e
title: Land Cover Map 2022 (10m classified pixels, GB)

description: This is a 10m pixel data set representing the land surface of Great Britain, classified into 21 UKCEH land cover classes, based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. It is a two-band raster in GeoTiff format. The first band gives the most likely land cover type; the second band gives the per-parcel probability of the land cover. 

A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2022 products are available from the LCM2022 product documentation accompanying this dataset.
description: UKCEH's automated land cover algorithms classify 10 m pixels across the whole of UK. Training data were automatically selected from stable land covers over the interval of 2019 to 2021. A Random Forest classifier used these to classify four composite images representing per season median surface reflectance. Seasonal images were integrated with context layers (e.g., height, aspect, slope, coastal proximity, urban proximity and so forth) to reduce confusion among classes with similar spectra.  

Land cover was validated by organising the 10 m pixel classification into a land parcel framework (the LCM2022 classified land parcels product). The classified land parcels were compared to known land cover producing a confusion matrix to determine overall and per class accuracy. Details are available from the product documentation accompanying this dataset.

The 25 m rasterised land parcels product is created by pixelating the corresponding land parcel product.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0162614.10fu
title: SH0162614.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5285/25c6451b-5c88-40da-9a63-c3ec473e4874
title: Land Cover Map 2018 (25m rasterised land parcels, GB)

description: This is the 25m rasterised land parcels dataset for the UKCEH Land Cover Map of 2018(LCM2018) representing Great Britain. It describes Great Britain's land cover in 2018 using UKCEH Land Cover Classes, which are based on UK Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats.  This dataset was derived by rasterising the corresponding LCM2018 land parcels dataset into 25m pixels.  It is provided as a three-band, 8-bit integer raster.  The first band is the UKCEH Land Cover Class identifier.  Bands 2 and 3 are indicators  of classification confidence.  For a fuller description please refer to the product documentation.

LCM2018 represents a suite of geospatial land cover datasets (raster and polygon) describing the UK land surface in 2018.  These were produced at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology by classifying satellite images from 2018. LCM2018 was simultaneously released with LCM2017 and LCM2019.  These are the latest in a series of UKCEH land cover maps, which began with the 1990 Land Cover Map of Great Britain (now usually referred to as LCM1990) followed by UK-wide land cover maps LCM2000, LCM2007 and LCM2015.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: The 25m Rasterised Land Parcels datasets of the LCM2018 product range were derived by rasterising the corresponding Land Parcels datasets. They give land cover information in 21 classes based on UK Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. They are provided as 3-band 8-bit integer 25m pixel rasters. Band-1 is the modal land cover from the Land Parcels dataset, band-2 and band-3 are indicators of classification confidence. The Land Parcels datasets are maintained in a PostGIS database. Gdal tools were used to rasterise the land parcels, giving the 25m Rasterised Landparcels dataset in GeoTiff format. GeoTiff is open standard format for raster data and GeoTiff files can be read by most GIS software.
DOI: 10.5285/a747aa7a-c875-42e1-ac31-984f6571f446
title: Land Cover Change 1990-2015 (25m raster, N. Ireland)

description: This dataset consists of the 25m raster, Land Cover Change 1990 - 2015 product for Northern Ireland. The dataset is produced from the Land Cover Map (LCM) 25m raster versions of LCM1990 and LCM2015 and reports Land Cover Change between 1990 and 2015 in six simplified classes. The product consists of five bands:  
 Band 1 – a raster version of LCM1990 in the six simplified classes;
 Band 2 – a raster version of LCM2015 in the six simplified classes;
 Band 3 – a binary layer, where 0 means no change between 1990 and 2015 and 1 means change between 1990 and 2015;
 Band 4 – shows the 'change from' class;
 Band 5 – provides the 'change to' class. 

Full details of the Land Cover Change dataset are provided in the Land Cover Change dataset documentation, which users should consult.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Bands 1 and 2 are derived from the 25m raster versions of the Land Cover Maps for 1990 and 2015 respectively. The LCM data for 1990 and 2015 was cast from the original 21 classes into 6 simplified classes (see data set documentation for details). 

Band 3 (the binary change/no-change layer) maps differences between the simplified classes in 1990 and 2015. Band 3 and Band 1 are then used to create Band 4, the ‘change from' layer, which gives the 1990 class for change. Band 5, the ‘change to' layer,  is calculated from Bands 3 and 2 and provides the 2015 ‘change to' class.

For further details about LCM1990 and LCM2015 are given in the data set documents for those products.