DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dz08kps42
title: Data for: Tracking hybrid viability across life-stages in a natural avian contact zone

description: Hybrid inviability is an important post-zygotic reproductive barrier
 between species, but emerging signs of reduced viability can be difficult
 to study across the lifespan of natural hybrids. We use a combination of
 long-term monitoring, extra-pair paternity and mitochondrial DNA
 identification in a natural hybrid zone of Ficedula flycatchers to detect
 emerging signs of intrinsic hybrid inviability across their entire
 lifespan. We evaluate possible evidence of Darwin’s corollary to Haldane’s
 rule, predicting asymmetries in inviability between hybrids resulting from
 reciprocal crosses, due to incompatible genetic factors with sex-specific
 inheritance patterns. We found higher hatching failure among mixed-species
 pairs, possibly indicating early developmental impairments associated with
 specific parental genetic combinations. Adult hybrids had a higher basal
 mortality rate than both parental species, and different age-specific
 mortality trajectories. There were signs of differences in age-independent
 mortality rates between the reciprocal hybrid crosses: hybrids with a pied
 flycatcher mother experienced slightly increased mortality later in life.
 Using an exceptional dataset with many natural hybrids tracked across life
 stages, we provide evidence for several emerging signs of reduced hybrid
 viability. Incompatibilities between alleles located on autosomes and
 uniparentally inherited factors such Z-linked and/or mitochondrial genes
 are strong candidates underlying intrinsic hybrid dysfunction in this
 system.
description: # Data for: Tracking hybrid viability across life-stages in a natural
 avian contact zone
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dz08kps42](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dz08kps42) This is the data accompanying the publication of "Tracking hybrid across life-stages in a natural avian contact zone" at Evolution. This record contains all datasets and code necessary to reproduce the analyses, which consists in natural records of life history traits and survival information on wild collared, pied and hybrid flycatchers in the long-term monitoring population of Öland, Sweden. ## Description of the data and file structure All mixed model analyses are described in the R Markdown file "aalund\_et\_al\_hybrid\_viability\_code.Rmd", and all Bayasian based BaSTA analyses of survival in the file "aalund\_et\_al\_hybrid\_viability\_survival\_code.Rmd". All necessary datasets are named in the Markdown files accordingly to each analysis. The files "adult\_dispersal.csv", "natal\_dispersal.csv", "nestling\_mass.csv", "nestling\_recruitment.csv", "nestling\_survival.csv" contain individual-based data (one line per individual). The file "hatching\_dataset.csv" contains one line per nest and an individual ID for the female breeding in that nest. The file "immigration\_file.csv" contains one line per year and species with the total number of adults (all\_adults), total number of immigrants (all\_immigrants) and total proportion of immigrants among all adults for each year (total\_immigration), as well as the detailed number of adults (all\_cf/all\_hycf/all\_hypf/all\_pf) and immigrants (cf\_immigrants/ hycf\_immigrants/ hypf\_immigrants/ pf\_immigrants) for each species (cf, pf, hypf and hycf, see below for species key) and the proportion of immigrants (column "Value") for each species (column "Type", corresponds to immigration value for each species). The files "mass\_datset\_SimulatedWrongEpc.csv" and "nestling\_survival\_simulatedwrongepc.csv" contain the same information as in "nestling\_mass" and "nestling\_survival", but only for nestlings of mixed-species nests. 10% of the data has been altered in a random manner to simulate wrong assignment of species for extra-pair offspring. The files "all\_species\_survival.csv", "collared.survival.csv", "hybrid\_mtdna\_survival.csv" and "pied\_survival.csv" contain one line per individual, a record of years of birth and death when known, each year the individual was captured (1 or 0 if not present), and the species (indicated by a 1 in the corresponding column) in the "all\_species" file, respectively, the maternal species in the "hybrid\_mtdna" file. Species abbreviations in the files: CF = collared flycatcher PF = pied flycatcher HY = F1 hybrid between pied and collared flycatchers HYPF: hybrid with pied flycatcher mother and collared flycatcher father HYCF: hybrid with collared flycatcher mother and pied flycatcher father Specific keys: putative\_species2: presumed species given the species of the parents, the first species indicates the species of the individual, the second one that of their mother. nest\_type: type of pairing (female species \_ male species) epc\_rate: rate of extra-pair paternity in the nest alive\_day12: alive or not at 12 days of age hq: habitat quality index ld2: laying date, centered around 0 for the peak of laying for each year nb\_eggs: number of eggs in the nest mass\_d12: mass in gramms at 12 days of age survival\_rate: proportion of nestlings that survived to day 12 in the nest mean dispersal: in meters, average distance between breeding boxes across all recorded years natal dispersal: in meters, distance between the box where an adult individual is first recorded and the box where that individual was born. nb\_hatched: number of eggs that hatched in that nest nb\_unhatched: number of eggs that failed to hatch in that nest Across all files, "NA" indicates missing data, when no information was available for that particular entry. ## Code/Software Code was produced using R (version 4.3.1 ), in R studio (version 2023.06.1) and RMarkdown (version ). The following R packages were used: tidyr (version 1.3.0) dplyr (version 1.1.2) ggplot2 (version 3.4.3 ) car (version 3.1.2 ) glmmTMB (version 1.1.7) ggpubr (version 0.6.0 ) ggpattern (version 1.0.1 ) lmerTest (version 3.1-3) sjPlot (version 2.8.15 ) Code for Bayesian survival analyses was produced using R (version 4.1.1) with the following packages: BaSTA (version 1.9.4) snowfall (version 1.84-6.1)