cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751367
title: Meteorological observations during Princess Augusta cruise from Java Head to St. Helena started at 1765-09-01
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.919878
title: Annual outflows from Como lake (1846-2016) for the hydrological year (Sept-Aug)

description: Acknowledgment to: Consorzio dell'Adda, Milan.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.873824
title: Expanded measurements from station Ny-Ålesund (2016-12)

description: 99999: No clouds detected
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874125
title: (Figure 4-2) The effect of ocean acidification on N2-fixation and Trichodesmium spp. nifH transcription in NSCS surface seawater
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.834504
title: Growth rate of Oncaea mediterranea determined experimentally
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.870899
title: Annual water flow of Wivenhoe reservoir

description: Error was calculated using information from non-flood years, and therefore likely to underestimate uncertainty for the "flood year": 2010/2011.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.834505
title: Growth rate of Scophthalmus maximus determined experimentally
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.701329
title: Luminous intensity and dive depth profile data of emperor penguin DDU2005_emp_a_x_08 from Pointe Géologie, Adélie Land, Antarctica, from expedition DDU 2005
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.677028
title: Ozone measurements from station Barrow (1999-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.677386
title: Ozone measurements from station Ny-Ålesund (1994-07)

description: Ozone values are integrated from measured ozone profiles
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.718513
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Boulder, SURFRAD (2000-10)

description: Version 2, 2009-06-12. UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-09.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.721596
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Fort Peck (2002-09)

description: Version 2, 2009-06-19. UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-03.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.733772
title: Meteorological observations during Kaimalino cruise HOT-17
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843255
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2010-10)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-25; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.671823
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Regina (1998-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.840969
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Momote (2003-01)

description: Version 3, 2014-12-19
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.873963
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Rock Springs (2014-05)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843297
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2011-05)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-26; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843193
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Darwin (2009-03)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-24
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843200
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Darwin (2009-10)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-24
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843268
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Darwin (2010-06)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-25
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.511283
title: Documentation of sediment core PAR4
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.726751
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Sede Boqer (2008-07)

description: Wind speed was multiplied by a factor of 0.1 (2009-08-28). Start location: Bet-Dagan, Israel; Distance from radiation site: 120 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.750562
title: Meteorological observations during MAAS cruise from Rio de Janeiro to Batavia started at 1838-05-22
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751067
title: Meteorological observations during PALLAS cruise from St. Eustatius to Suriname started at 1829-09-29
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.803687
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Tamanrasset (2012-10)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.752826
title: Meteorological observations during WALVISCH cruise from Adelaide to Batavia started at 1853-02-13
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.736415
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from Neumayer Station (2010-01)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843333
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2012-02)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-27; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843128
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2008-06)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-23; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874617
title: Mean TerraSAR-X backscatter and vegetation survey in August 2015 on central Yamal (Vaskiny Dachi CALM site)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874705
title: Bulk organic isotope geochemistry of sediment core BH09-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.748635
title: Meteorological observations during DORDRECHT cruise from Paramaribo to Curaçao started at 1842-08-22
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874727
title: Paleomagnetic (inclination) based age model of sediment core BH11IR-SUP11PC
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875022
title: (Table 3) Late- and postglacial ecological succession in profile Grosses Goeldenitzer Moor

description: Abundance: fruits and seeds: s = 1-2 pieces; m = 3-5 pieces; h = 6-14 pieces; H = &gt; 15 pieces. Tissue: + = low abundances &lt; 1% fruits and seeds of same species absent or at least abundance m; 1 = low abundances &lt; 1% fruits and seeds of same species abundance &gt; m; 2 = 4-9 %; 3 = 10-24 %; 4 = 25-49 %; 5 = &gt;50 %. 2-5 independent of fruits and seeds.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874522
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (2016-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874728
title: Paleomagnetic of sediment core BH02-10PC
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751988
title: Meteorological observations during SAPAROEA cruise from Nederland to Batavia started at 1847-12-23
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843173
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Darwin (2009-06)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-24
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843183
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2009-05)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-24; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.680704
title: (Table 6) Measurements with simple Düsenimpaktor during cruise M16

description: Concentrations of solvable and insolvable parts given in dN/dlgr per cm**3.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751868
title: Meteorological observations during San Fernando cruise from Montevideo to La Coruña started at 1773-07-12
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842875
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2006-08)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-18; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.849468
title: Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) point measurements of ice thickness on Pasterzenkees in 1998
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874964
title: Abundance of Globigerina bulloides and temperature reconstruction for sediment core GL-75

description: Position of sediment core GL-75 was updated on request of the authors (2019-02-06).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.916816
title: 1-Hz PPP displacements at GEONET station 0627 during the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843184
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2009-06)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-24; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.752675
title: Meteorological observations during VENUS cruise from Cayenne to Curaçao started at 1842-06-14
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.907284
title: Track of GPS very-near surface drifter ISMER_20150809_spot202
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843187
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2009-09)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-24; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.663922
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_0763
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.871614
title: Ozone measurements from station Lindenberg (2009-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.873299
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Tateno (2016-11)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.511266
title: Radiosonde at Georg-Forster station on 1992-01-29 00:00h

description: Height of tropopause 8856 m, total ozone 316.6 DU
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.721218
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Fort Peck (2006-08)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-03.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843246
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2010-06)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-25; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.757833
title: Ozone measurements from station Barrow (1995-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874610
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Bermuda (2017-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.916006
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Tamanrasset (2020-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842930
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Darwin (2006-01)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-19
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842931
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Darwin (2006-08)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-19
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.678181
title: Expanded measurements from station Ny-Ålesund (2002-04)

description: 99999: No clouds detected
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842932
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2006-11)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-19; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.874540
title: Ozone measurements from Neumayer Station (2016-07)

description: Ozone values are integrated from measured ozone profiles
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875225
title: RABD of Lake Muzelle sediments
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.916542
title: 1-Hz PPP displacements at GEONET station 0344 during the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842941
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Darwin (2007-05)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-20
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.829667
title: Availability of photographs from the Vernagtferner Basin for the year 2007
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842968
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Darwin (2007-08)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-20; Launches at irregular time intervals
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.900822
title: Expanded measurements from Neumayer Station (2018-09), Version 1

description: 99999: No clouds detected; Version 1 with some values missing at 10000m CBH, please use new version (see "Replaced by" reference)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.723346
title: Description of profile 7140-331
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843077
title: δ¹³C and d15N stable isotopes values, total nitrogen and C/N ratios of sediment core GeoB4801-1

description: Rising stable nitrogen isotope ratios (d15N) in dated sediment records of the German Bight/SE North Sea track river-induced coastal eutrophication over the last 2 centuries. Fully exploiting their potential for reconstructions of pristine conditions and quantitative analysis of historical changes in the nitrogen cycle from these sediment records requires knowledge on processes that alter the isotopic signal in non-living organic matter (OM) of sinking particles and sediments. In this study, we analyze the isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen (PN) in the water column during different seasons, in surface sediments, and in sediment cores to assess diagenetic influences on the isotopic composition of OM. Amino acid (AA) compositions of suspended matter, surface sediments, and dated cores at selected sites of the German Bight serve as indicators for quality and degradation state of PN. The d15N of PN in suspended matter had seasonal variances caused by two main nitrate sources (oceanic and river) and different stages of nitrate availability during phytoplankton assimilation. Elevated d15N values (&gt; 20 per mil) in suspended matter near river mouths and the coast coincide with a coastal water mass receiving nitrate with elevated isotope signal (d15N &gt; 10 per mil) derived from anthropogenic input. Particulate nitrogen at offshore sites fed by oceanic nitrate having a d15N between 5 and 6 per mil had low d15N values (&lt; 2 per mil), indicative of an incipient phytoplankton bloom. Surface sediments along an offshore-onshore transect also reflect the gradient of low d15N of nitrate in offshore sites to high values near river mouths, but the range of values is smaller than between the end members listed above and integrates the annual d15N of detritus. Sediment cores from the coastal sector of the gradient show an increasing d15N trend (increase of 2.5 per mil) over the last 150 years. This is not related to any change in AA composition and thus reflects eutrophication. The d15N signals from before AD 1860 represent a good estimation of pre-industrial isotopic compositions with minimal diagenetic overprinting. Rising d13C in step with rising d15N in these cores is best explained by increasing productivity caused by eutrophication.
description: Supplement to: Serna, Alexandra; Lahajnar, Niko; Pätsch, J; Hebbeln, Dierk; Emeis, Kay-Christian (2014): Organic matter degradation in the German Bight/SE North Sea: Implications from stable nitrogen isotopes and amino acids. Marine Chemistry, 166, 103-113
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842894
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Darwin (2006-01)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-18
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.654511
title: Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples during HYDROMET cruise Hydromet90/4
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842904
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Darwin (2006-11)

description: Version 2, 2015-02-18
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674621
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Kwajalein (2001-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.862497
title: GPS-derived precipitable water vapor content calculated for station WROC
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674482
title: Radiosonde measurements from Neumayer Station (2003-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.511046
title: Radiosonde at Georg-Forster station on 1987-02-25 12:00h

description: Height of tropopause 8510 m
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.691199
title: Nutrient concentrations in water samples collected at Station MARCH-94-GN3619940280100780 in the Aegean Sea
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.749612
title: Meteorological observations during HIPPOMENES cruise from Amboina to Ternate started at 1838-07-23
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875823
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Lindenberg (2011-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.863365
title: Daily mean meteorology at station MGN, 2001-2011
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.749262
title: Meteorological observations during FAIRY cruise from Spithead to Cape Coast started at 1788-11-18
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751731
title: Meteorological observations during Rembrandt van Rhijn cruise from Bristol to Ceijlon started at 1852-11-20
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843942
title: Kinematic measurements at station Adelie Isla-D, King Georg Island, Antarctica

description: Reference/base station: Jubany Dall2 (permanent GPS, Trimbel 4000SSI, 1 sec. interval). Data from the Dallmann permanent GPS station is proprietary of AWI and IAA.Observers: Ulrike Falk, Hilke Gieseke and Hernan Sala
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.680298
title: Other measurements at 300 m from station Boulder (2002-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.695597
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Ny-Ålesund (2006-11)

description: On 2016-07-06 some corrections on the wind speed were made for this dataset and a decimal was added to the atmospheric pressure value. The old version is available at: ftp://ftp.bsrn.awi.de/nya/OldVersions_2016-07-06_oldSYNOPS/
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.814092
title: Availability of photographs from the Vernagtferner Basin for the year 1997
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.834915
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Momote (1998-07)

description: Version 3, 2014-08-14
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.830977
title: Satellite-based daily mean lake surface water temperatures from Lake_Zurich, 1989-2013

description: The daily mean Lake Surface Water Temperature (LSWT) has been extracted from all available satellite observations of a particular day by using the data from a 3x3 pixel array at the center of the lake. See "Events(s)" for Lake/pixel co-ordinates.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.719637
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Desert Rock (2004-01)

description: If launch time is exactly 00Z or 12Z, the actual launch time is likely unknown
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875719
title: Geochemistry of sediment core ST04-1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.761969
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Payerne (1995-03)

description: On 2017-05-15 this data set was corrected: Data erroneously labelled as SWD were corrected to SWU, data erroneously labelled as SWU were corrected to LWU.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.867347
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Bondville (2013-06)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-09.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846983
title: Radiosonde measurements from station South Pole (2015-05)

description: Start location: Amundsen-Scott Station; Distance from radiation site: 1 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.667738
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Bermuda (1999-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.863274
title: Expanded measurements from station Ny-Ålesund (2015-07)

description: 99999: No clouds detected
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.723172
title: Description of profile 7038-202
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.806353
title: Continuous meteorological observations at SIMA station Furnas reservoir in 2006

description: Quality flags: ? = questionable; / = not valid
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875663
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Bondville (2015-05)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694098
title: Nutrient concentrations in water samples from the Aegean Sea at Station FEBR-1999-IR27
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875980
title: Experiment-time-integrated CH4 data from all 3 instruments, calibrated and corrected for solubility and gravitational effects of the WAIS-Divide ice core, Antarctica
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828231
title: Spatially explicit estimates of stock size, structure and biomass of North Atlantic albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the North Atlantic for the period 1987-2011, compiled from statistics about ICCAT fishery region L7

description: The development of the ecosystem approach and models for the management of ocean marine resources requires easy access to standard validated datasets of historical catch data for the main exploited species. They are used to measure the impact of biomass removal by fisheries and to evaluate the models skills, while the use of standard dataset facilitates models inter-comparison. North Atlantic albacore tuna is exploited all year round by longline and in summer and autumn by surface fisheries and fishery statistics compiled by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Catch and effort with geographical coordinates at monthly spatial resolution of 1° or 5° squares were extracted for this species with a careful definition of fisheries and data screening. In total, thirteen fisheries were defined for the period 1956-2010, with fishing gears longline, troll, mid-water trawl and bait fishing. However, the spatialized catch effort data available in ICCAT database represent a fraction of the entire total catch. Length frequencies of catch were also extracted according to the definition of fisheries above for the period 1956-2010 with a quarterly temporal resolution and spatial resolutions varying from 1°x 1° to 10°x 20°. The resolution used to measure the fish also varies with size-bins of 1, 2 or 5 cm (Fork Length). The screening of data allowed detecting inconsistencies with a relatively large number of samples larger than 150 cm while all studies on the growth of albacore suggest that fish rarely grow up over 130 cm. Therefore, a threshold value of 130 cm has been arbitrarily fixed and all length frequency data above this value removed from the original data set.
description: This work was funded in part by the European project EURO-BASIN, funded by Framework Programme 7 (Contract 264933). Special thanks to ICCAT for the access to its public fishing database and Carlos Palma (ICCAT) and Alain Fonteneau (IRD) for their helpful advice on these data.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842549
title: Horizon at station Langley Research Center
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.876026
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Palaiseau (2017-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.820400
title: Lucky Strike record of hydrothermal outflow temperature at vent MS_V04_090906_090922_HN29014

description: The temperature record include ambient temperatures (onboard the ship), water column temperatures (going up and down) and the hydrothermal temperatures.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842676
title: X-ray fluorescence on sediment core PG2071-1 (raw data from XRF-core scanner)

description: raw XRF, may contain contaminations
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875516
title: (Table A8) Cd/Ca and stable carbon isotopic ratios of benthic foraminifera from the Channel surface sediments
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842679
title: X-ray fluorescence on sediment core PG2074-1 (raw data from XRF-core scanner)

description: raw XRF, may contain contaminations
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.652021
title: Main population indicators of Macrocystis integrifolia of the regions I to IV, Chile, 2001
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674041
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Boulder (2005-01)

description: Start location: Denver, Colorado, USA; Distance from radiation site: 30 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674107
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Camborne (2006-08)

description: Start location: Denver, Colorado, USA; Distance from radiation site: 30 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.831267
title: Meteorological measurements in 30 min resolution at oasis of Asrir test site in 2004

description: Dataset created by IMPETUS subproject B3. IMPETUS data set ID: 108
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.497606
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise U58GS02004B_1983
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.818892
title: Elevation zones Hintereisferner, Ötztal Alps, Austria, 2005/2006
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.680238
title: Other measurements at 300 m from station Boulder (1997-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.744439
title: Physical oceanography during W. Beukelsz cruise WB71/1 to the North Sea
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.655209
title: Harvest indicators of seaweeds in 2001, Caleta Punta de Lobos, Chile

description: 2001-12-21 :spring-summer, 2001-06-21 :fall-winter
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.744188
title: Physical oceanography during Dana cruise Dana74/1 to the North Sea
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.655698
title: Harvest indicators of seaweeds in 2001, Cascabeles, Chile

description: 2001-12-21 :spring-summer, 2001-06-21 : fall-winter
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.663054
title: Macrofauna abundance associated to Lessonia trabeculata off Chile in 2001, Regions I to IV

description: n=14
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.876178
title: Carbon mass accumulation rate from different holes of IODP Site 323-U1342
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.921404
title: Seasonal and spatial variations in the erosion threshold of intertidal sediments at St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada

description: Erosion threshold (n=5) of surface sediment was measured with a cohesive strength meter (CSM Mk IV) to determine seasonal and spatial changes in sediment erodibility at Nazareth tidal flat and marsh located west of Rimouski on the southern shore of Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada). Multiple field campaigns were conducted at three cross shore transects (A, B, C) in summer 2016 (8, 9, 10 August), summer 2017 (23, 24, 25 August), with subsequent campaigns at B Transect in autumn 2017 (22, 25 November), winter 2018 (16, 20 February), spring 2018 (30 May), and summer 2018 (6 September). The data presented here does not contain the summer field campaigns, which was published in the context of annual variations in sediment erodibility (Waqas et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911769).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.718649
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Boulder, SURFRAD (2003-08)

description: Version 2, 2009-06-12
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.876740
title: Continuous light intensity observations at station BEFmate_I3low (2014-12)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.476247
title: Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples at station NAtl_1962_ER_59N/297-2

description: This data sets is part of a compilation by James Swift for the Java OceanAtlas software. Data are from various pre-WOCE sources, mainly with contributions and quality control from Joseph Reid (SIO) and NODC.