cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121013
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Tgf Terrestrial Environment Research Center, University of Tsukuba

description: Terrestrial Environment Research Center (TERC) started its long-term measurement of the surface heat and water balance at its surface heat and water balance field in 1981, and it is continuing the observation. The field is circle in shape and has a 30-meter tower at its center. On the tower, profiles of air temperature, humidity and turbulence fluxes are measured and while, on the ground of the field, various measurements relevant to the surface heat and water budget are also being made. Among the measurements, basic meteorological and hydrological parameters are provided for CEOP2. The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102212
title: JapanFlux2024 RU-NeF Neleger larch forest

description: In order to obtain basic information for GHG reduction by permafrost disturbance control, it is necessary to monitor changes in the GHG budget at the disturbance site and to quantitatively evaluate the impact.
Since permafrost disturbance is induced by thermal equilibrium collapse due to disturbance of the overlying ecosystem, changes in the surface heat and water balance due to ecosystem disturbance should also be monitored simultaneously.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of forest disturbance on the surface heat, water, and CO2 budgets and permafrost dynamics in a permafrost area through long-term monitoring.
Long-term continuous monitoring of surface heat, water, and CO2 budgets was conducted in larch forests, fire sites, and logging sites near Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121002
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Fhk Fuji Hokuroku Flux Observation Site

description: This site is in a Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg.) plantation, which is located at the northern foothills of Mt.Fuji, the highest mountain (3776m) in Japan. Fujisan was registered as a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO as "Fujisan as an object of faith and the source of art" in 2013.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121022
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Tkb Tsukuba Experimental Watershed

description: The site is located in the headwaters of a tributary of the Koise River in the Tone River system in southern Ibaraki Prefecture.
The study was initiated to understand the runoff mechanism of the watershed and to clarify changes in the water balance mechanism associated with forest growth.
Observations (3.76 ha watershed area) began in 1978.
Observations were suspended between 1993 and 2001, but resumed in 2002.
Observations continue to this day.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102236
title: JapanFlux2024 RU-Sk2 Yakutsk Spasskaya Pad Pine

description: Located in the center of the Lena River system, which stretches east to west from near Lake Baikal to the Sea of Okhotsk, it is conveniently situated as a base for trans-Siberian and Arctic Ocean expeditions along the Lena River.
Its winter temperature is the lowest among the world's cities. 
On the other hand, in summer, despite its latitude, the temperature is relatively high, making it a typical continental climate with extremely large differences in temperature (in summer, the morning and evening temperatures are considerably cooler than the daytime heat, so the daily range is also large). It is also the largest city built on permafrost in the world, and many buildings are built on concrete piles.The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102249
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Hc2 Hachihama Experimental Farm

description: The observation site is located at Hachihama Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University. Hachihama Farm is located in the Kojima Bay frontier area in Tamano City, Okayama Prefecture,approximately 20 km south of Okayama City, and has an area of approximately 300 x 300 m2. The surrounding area is privately owned and covered with similar rice paddies. The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system. The measurements were conducted when the principal investigator belonged to Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102230
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-KaL Koshin, Lake Kasumigaura

description: Lake Kasumigaura is the second largest lake in Japan and consists of lakes Nishiura , Kitaura , Sotonasakaura , and connecting rivers. 
The average depth of the lake is 4 m, with a maximum depth of approximately 7 m at the centre of the lake. 
The lake has three coves, one to the west (Tsuchiura-iri), one to the north (Takahama-iri) and another small cove (Edosaki-iri) located in the southwest.
The area surrounding the lake is generally flat, with an altitude of approximately 30 m a.s.l., while the lake surface altitude is 0.26 m. The exception to altitude is Mt. Tsukuba (877 m a.s.l.), which is the headwater region of the Kasumigaura watershed, located approximately 30 km to the northwest of the lake.
The fluxes of steam, heat, water, and carbon dioxide are observed at the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Lake Center Observatory in the center of Kasumigaura.
Fluxes of water vapor, heat, water, and carbon dioxide were measured using the eddy covariance system at the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Lake Center Observatory in the center of Kasumigaura.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102237
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Hc1 Hachihama Experimental Farm: the International Rice Experiment

description: The study was conducted at a rice paddy located at the agricultural station of Okayama University
 in Okayama, Japan. The study site was approximately 300 m X 300 m, and was surrounded by similar rice fields. On 2 August 1996 micrometeorological instalments and masts were deployed.
The measurements were made from 6 August through to 16 August. The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102207
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-MBF Moshiri Birch Forest Site

description: The Uryu Research Forest is located in the uppermost reaches of the Uryu River in the Ishikari River system and covers an area of approximately 25,000 ha. It is one of the coldest areas in Hokkaido. The northern part of the forest, surrounding Lake Shumarinai, the largest man-made lake in Japan, is a gently sloping andesite-based mountainous area with a diverse forest cover including Quercus serrata forests, wetland red spruce forests, and riparian forests, centered on naturally occurring mixed forests. In the southern part, on the other hand, there are many mountainside slopes composed of serpentinite and metamorphic rocks, and natural forests of red spruce that depend on these geological features are distributed, while secondary forests resulting from forest fires and clear cutting cover a large area. The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121020
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Hrt Hiratsuka Rice Paddy

description: The seasonal flux dynamics of CH4 and CO2 in paddy fields in temperate Japan and tropical Thailand and the greenhouse gas balance obtained as the sum of CH4 and CO2 will be evaluated to investigate in detail the dynamics and mechanisms of CH4 emissions in paddy fields in tropical Thailand.
Field experiments were conducted during rice-cropping seasons in rice farm paddy fields in Hiratsuka, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan in 2013 and at Kamphaeng Saen campus, Kasetsart University in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand in 2014.
The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.The CH4 were measured using the HREA(Hyperbolic relaxed eddy accumulation) method and Chamber method.The controlling factors for GHG dynamics and budgets were examined in both climate areas, and field experiments were conducted at around heading and flowering stages when CH4 emission is usually large.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121026
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Km2 Kushiro Mire: Akanuma Bog

description: Wetlands are estimated to be the largest natural source of CH4 in the global CH4 budget. However, because of the large point-to-point variability in observed CH4 emissions from the marshes, the range of uncertainties in global estimates of emissions from the marshes is large, and further accumulation of observational data and analysis of the sources of flux variability are required.Kushiro Mire is the largest natural wetland in Japan, stretches to the north of kushiro city in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. To understand CH4 emissions in subarctic marshes located in the mid-latitudes, We measured CH4 fluxes during the midsummer season in a high marsh (a community dominated by Miscanthus sinensis) using the eddy correlation method.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121019
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Yrp Yawara Rice paddy

description: Rice paddy is the important land cover in terms of the greenhouse gas budget. In this observation, we conducted the three-year campaign for measuring CO2 and CH4 fluxes based on the micrometeorological measurements in a rice paddy, Tsukuba, Japan.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121021
title: JapanFlux2024 TH-Kms Kamphaeng Saen Rice Paddy

description: The seasonal flux dynamics of CH4 and CO2 in paddy fields in temperate Japan and tropical Thailand and the greenhouse gas balance obtained as the sum of CH4 and CO2 will be evaluated to investigate in detail the dynamics and mechanisms of CH4 emissions in paddy fields in tropical Thailand.
Field experiments were conducted during rice-cropping seasons in rice farm paddy fields in Hiratsuka, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan in 2013 and at Kamphaeng Saen campus, Kasetsart University in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand in 2014.
The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.The CH4 were measured using the HREA(Hyperbolic relaxed eddy accumulation) method and Chamber method.The controlling factors for GHG dynamics and budgets were examined in both climate areas, and field experiments were conducted at around heading and flowering stages when CH4 emission is usually large.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121005
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Khw Kahoku Experiment watershed

description: Kahoku experimental watershed is covered by an evergreen coniferous forest located in northern part of Kumamoto Prefecture. Its dominant species are over 50 years old of Sugi cedar and Hinoki cypress which are planted after the WW-II. The climate of this area is warm-temperate and summer is very hot and humid that daytime temperature can reach over 35 degreeC while in winter, it sometimes drops below 3 degreeC. This area is also a pluvial region that annual precipitation usually excess 2000mm. We have observed the CO2 and energy budgets of a typical Japanese cedar and cypress plantation forest in southwestern Japan using the eddy covariance method.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102224
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Yms Yamashiro forest meteorology research site

description: Yamashiro forest hydrology research site is located in the southern part of Kyoto prefecture. The site is in a broadleaf forest which is built up on weathered granite and the forest is also one of headstreams of Kizu River. The region used to be cleared off as it was managed as a suburban forest, until a century ago, when the green development operated by Johannis de Rijke has brought vegetation restoration. After the invasion by pine wilt disease in 1980's, Konara oak has taken over and the forest is now regenerated.Yamashiro research site was established to study internal mechanism of carbon circulation and to develop the flux observation method in such ecosystem. This site can be characterized by twin towers (one on the ridge and the other in the valley) to observe space variation in complex terrain. Our research activity covers wide range of areas which include long term continuous observation of seasonal change using automated chambers and REA observation of trace gas flux as well as common ecological investigations. The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121023
title: JapanFlux2024 TH-Kog Kog-Ma Watershed

description: This study was conducted in a subwatershed of the Kogma Experimental Watershed on Mount Pui, located approximately 10 km west of Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. The seasonal changes in both air temperature and rainfall show that this area has three seasons: a rainy season, an early (or cool) dry season and a late (or hot) dry season. The sub-watershed has an area of 8.63 ha covered with hill evergreen forest at a continuous canopy height of approximately 25-40 m. The dominant plant family is the Fagacea, including Lithocarpus, Quercus,and Castanopsis genera.The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102204
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Kwg Kawagoe forest meteorology research site

description: Kawagoe forest meteorology research site is located in a copse in Kawagoe city, Saitama pref. The dominant species of this deciduous broadleaf forest is Konara oak, red-leaved hornbeam, japanese sweetspire and Ilex macropoda. Litters from this forest are unusually collected sometime in January to be used in nearby farms as compost. Therefore the forest floor is bared from spring to summer season. Another characteristic of this site is artificial disturbance. There is a local street cuts across the forest and an automobile expressway, Kan-Etsu Dou is only 500m away from the forest. From 1995 to 2002, we have carried out a continuous observation of CO2 and energy budget to clarify the influence of forest onto climate and to collect fundamental data for modeling study.The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121011
title: JapanFlux2024 MN-Skt Southern Khentei Taiga

description: Mongolian boreal forest merits special attention since it is located in the transitional area between the southern Siberian boreal forest and the Asian steppe zone, a vulnerable region being potentially affected by global warming and anthropogenic activities. 
The measurement site was located about 25 km northeast of the Mongonmorit village in the Tov province of Mongolia.The EC flux tower was erected in March 2003 in a Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forest on a southwest-facing gently sloping hill of the Khentii Mountains.The forest extended about 750 m to the south and extended over 800 m in other directions. Prevailing winds were from the northwest.The cold continental climate is characterized by long and cold winters, short summers which provide the greatest fraction of annual precipitation, and a wide range of daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations.The soil at the site is a spodosol (seasonal cryosol).The forest was dominated by Siberian larch, which mixed with scattered or patchy white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukach.) in some places.The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121007
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Mse Mase paddy flux site

description: Observation site established for long-term monitoring and measurement of gas flux in rice paddies.
It is an associate site of Asia Flux site and Japan Long-Term Ecological Research.
Arable land microclimate, various radiation levels, CO2 and CH4 fluxes are observed throughout the year, and during the rice growing season from May to September, biomass and leaf area index are measured during the rice growing season from May to September.
Observations of sensible and latent heat, CO2 and CH4 turbulent fluxes are made using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102205
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Kzw Karuizawa

description: At the site, measurements are being conducted to analyze the characteristics of flux detection by scintillometers over forests and to clarify the applicability of scintillometers to CO2 flux measurement methods.
The Karuizawa site is located at the eastern foot of Mount Asama in the Chubu region. The site is a flat, gently sloping site (-3 degree from southwest to northeast) with a layer of organic matter developed on top of volcanic sediments. The forest canopy is composed mainly of deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Dake-kampa (Betula platyphylla), alder (Quercus crispula), and Quercus crispula, with scattered conifers such as larch (Larix leptolepis). In addition, sub-tall trees such as Japanese white ash and giant tsuribana occupy the middle part of the canopy with an average height of 6 m, and Noritsugi with an average height of 3 m occupy the lower part. This species composition is found in the upper montane to lower subalpine zones from the Kanto to Koshin regions, but the forest floor lacks grass. Two steel scaffold towers with a height of 28 m above ground level were installed at an interval of 86 m. The SLS40A transmitter of DBSAS (Scintec AG, Germany) was set up at the west tower at 28 m height; the receiver was placed at the same height as the east tower. An eddy-covariance system was set-up at the top of east tower.
PI changed the site name (Kitasaku &gt; Karuizawa) and site code (KTS &gt; KZW) on 14th June, 2007.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121018
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Kgu Kugahara urban residential area

description: In view of the global increase in atmospheric CO2, information on the vertical profile of CO2 concentration within and above urban canopies is important for gaining an understanding of the CO2 exchange process between cities and the atmosphere. Field experimental data on the vertical profile are also quite useful to evaluate modeling and wind tunnel experiments on the dispersion of scalars such as air pollutants within urban canopies. 
A set of observations was done during November and December 2004 in a low-storied residential area in Kugahara, Tokyo, Japan. The observation towers was installed in the backyard of a home. The residential area consisted of houses with a mean height of 7.3 m, paved roads and small playgrounds. Flat, uniform terrain extends over 1 km to the South, West and North from the tower. The terrain within 200 m to the East is gently slanting down with an inclination angle of 5.7. About 33% of the area was buildings, 22% was vegetation and 23% was impervious space such as paved roads and concrete. The tower is located 5 m away from a nearest building and 4 m away from an adjacent road. This road has almost no traffic. Therefore, the effect of traffic can be almost ignored especially for the observations within the canopy.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024121015
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Tom Tomakomai Experimental Forest

description: The observation site is located in the cool-temperate forest of the Tomakomai Experiment Forest, Hokkaido, Japan.The measurements were conducted at two towers, a Flux Tower and a Research Tower at Tomakomai Experimental Forest. The experimental forest extends 20 km in northwest, 5km in in northeast and in southwest sector. The fetch is 5km in southeast sector. Fluxes were measured at a height of 21 m on the Flux Tower from May 1999. The Flux Tower collapsed because of strong winds caused by a typhoon in September 2004, therefore, the whole observation system was moved to a new Flux Tower with a height of 17.7 m located 10 m west, and we resumed observation in May 2005. The Research tower is 31m high and is located about 3.2 km south-east of the Flux tower, and meteorological components are measured.The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102239
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Km1 Kushiro Mire: Onnenai Fen

description: Wetlands are estimated to be the largest natural source of CH4 in the global CH4 budget. However, because of the large point-to-point variability in observed CH4 emissions from the marshes, the range of uncertainties in global estimates of emissions from the marshes is large, and further accumulation of observational data and analysis of the sources of flux variability are required.Kushiro Mire is the largest natural wetland in Japan, stretches to the north of kushiro city in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. To understand CH4 emissions in subarctic marshes located in the mid-latitudes, we measured CH4 fluxes during midsummer using the gradient method in the fen (waterlogged communities dominated by reeds and sedges).
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102225
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Ynf Yona-Field Tower Site

description: This is the southernmost university training forest in Japan, located in the "Yanbaru" region in the northern part of Okinawa's main island.A variety of trees make up the highly diverse forest. The training forest was established in 1954. It is located on the west side of the Seiryo Mountains in Kunigami Village, and is leased from the 76-79 stock group of the prefectural forest.
Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests dominated by Japanese knotweed and iju are widespread. Ten percent of the total area has been converted to planted forests of Ryukyu pine, cedar, iju, and Japanese cypress.
In March 2013, a 15-meter-high observation tower will be installed on the ridge of Group 79. Located in the southernmost part of Japan, the tower is expected to play a major role in clarifying the actual conditions of the material canopy of subtropical forests, where little is known. Observation of water, heat, and CO2 fluxes between the forest and the atmosphere has begun at the tower. In a 0.25 ha plot centered on the tower, regular surveys of tree growth, leaf area index, litterfall, and soil respiration are also being conducted.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102238
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-KaP Kasumigaura lotus paddy

description: The observation site is located on the north shore of Kasumigaura (Tamura-cho, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture ), where lotus fields extend about 3 km north-south and 1 km east-west along the lake shore.
The observation point is located in a field (20m x 50m) owned by Mr. Masao Otake, 300m inland from the lakeshore, and a 6m-high observation tower was erected in the center of the field. In the observation plot, Fukudaruma varieties were planted in mid-April, and the stems appeared above the water surface in mid-May. 
Flowering continued from early July to early September; the above-ground parts were cut in late October, and the lotus rootstock was harvested in mid-December.
The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
DOI: 10.17592/001.2024102217
title: JapanFlux2024 JP-Sb2 Sarobetsu Mire Sasa

description: The field experiment was conducted at a Sphagnum-dominated open bog and an adjacent Sasa-dominated transition peatland in Sarobetsu Mire with the total area of 6658 ha, in which bog with flat lawn is the dominant peatland type , in northern Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. 
The mire was bordered by drainage ditches, a river and pastures. About 6-m-thick peat has accumulated for 4000-5000 years. 
The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat were measured using the eddy covariance system.