DOI: 10.5061/dryad.44j0zpctp
title: Effects of complex soundscapes on the occurrence of <em>Anaxipha pallidula</em> in isolated green spaces in Tokyo

description: Urban green spaces experience a mix of natural and anthropogenic noises,
 which could disrupt the vocal communication of several species. This study
 investigated how such complex soundscapes affect the occurrence of
 Anaxipha pallidula, which communicates through calls, focusing on both
 sound level and quality. A line census was conducted to survey the
 occurrence of A. pallidula and both acoustic and physical environmental
 factors in green spaces in the western region of Tokyo, Japan, which is
 surrounded by urbanized areas. These relationships were analyzed using
 generalized linear models and model selection based on the Akaike
 information criterion. Results revealed that sound level (dB) and road
 traffic noise negatively correlated with the occurrence of A. pallidula,
 suggesting that the noise caused by urbanization directly and negatively
 affects the species that communicate through their vocals. The occurrence
 of the vocal fold of Platypleura kaempferi, which is the native cicada,
 also negatively correlated with the occurrence of A. pallidula. P.
 kaempferi is inherently diurnal; however, its calls were heard in the
 study area at night, thus suggesting that urbanization alters the active
 time of P. kaempferi and influences the activity of A. pallidula. Although
 anthropogenic noise represents a direct urbanization effect, the impact of
 P. kaempferi may also indirectly result from urban influences.
 Urbanization can reshape species distributions and behaviors, affecting
 interspecies interactions mediated by changing soundscapes.
description: # Effects of complex soundscapes on the occurrence of *Anaxipha pallidula*
 in isolated green spaces in Tokyo Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.44j0zpctp](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.44j0zpctp) ##
 Description of the data and file structure Dataset and R Analysis Code for
 "Effects of complex soundscapes on the occurrence of *Anaxipha
 pallidula* in isolated green spaces in Tokyo" Associated publication
 DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01515 This dataset includes presence/absence data of the
 focal species Anaxipha pallidula, environmental variables, and additional
 biological data used in the above publication. All R scripts for
 reproducing the analyses are provided. Place all files in the same
 directory and run analysis_code_main.txt in R to reproduce the results.
 ### Files and variables #### File: alldata.csv **Description:** All data
 set for analysis including data which did not use the paper. #####
 Variables * siteName: Local name of the study site * place: Course name *
 repeat.: Census time * distanceFromStart: Unit in each line census *
 Anaxipha pallidula: Occurrences of Anaxipha pallidula * noise.m: Average
 noise  * noise.max: Maximum noise  * tall.plant: Occurrences of tall
 plants * tall_plant.E: Euclidian distance from tall plants  * mid.plant:
 Occurrences of medium plants * mid.plant.E: Euclidian distance from medium
 plants  * paddy.field: Occurrences of paddy field * paddy.field.E:
 Euclidian distance from paddy field  * all.road: Euclidian distance from
 road (include small road) * road.E: Euclidian distance from road * open.w:
 Occurrences of open water * couduit: Occurrence of couduit * car:
 Occurrence of car noise * plane: Occurrence of plane noise * water:
 Occurrence of water noise * Hyla japonica: Occurrence of Hyla japonica *
 Rhacophorus schlegelii: Occurrence of Rhacophorus schlegelii *
 Modicogryllus siamensis: Occurrence of Modicogryllus siamensis *
 Dianemobius nigrofasciatus: Occurrence of Dianemobius nigrofasciatus *
 Polionemobius mikado: Occurrence of Polionemobius mikado * Pteronemobius
 yezoensis: Occurrence of Pteronemobius yezoensis * Eobiana engelhardti
 subtropica: Occurrence of Eobiana engelhardti subtropica * Euconocephalus
 thunbergi: Occurrence of Euconocephalus thunbergi * Platypleura kaempferi:
 Occurrence of Platypleura kaempferi * Gryllotalpa orientalis: Occurrence
 of Gryllotalpa orientalis * Lithobates catesbeianus: Occurrence
 of Lithobates catesbeianus * Tanna japonensis: Occurrence of Tanna
 japonensis * Tettigonia orientalis: Occurrence of Tettigonia orientalis *
 Pteronemobius ohmachii: Occurrence of Pteronemobius ohmachii #### File:
 analysis_code_main.txt **Description:** run this file in R to reproduce
 the results. This R script analyzes how soundscape and habitat variables
 affect the presence of *Anaxipha pallidula* in green spaces by fitting
 logistic regression models (GLMs) on two survey datasets, comparing models
 using AIC for model selection. It tests physical habitat features, noise
 levels, and individual sound sources in separate GLMs, and evaluates model
 fit using AIC to identify the most explanatory combination of predictors.
 #### File: functions.txt **Description:** Supplementary function. Load
 this file in the same directory as `analysis_code_main.txt`. This R
 function `brute_search_glm()` performs an **exhaustive model selection**
 by fitting all possible combinations of habitat variables (2 versions each
 for 4 variables) in a logistic regression predicting *Anaxipha pallidula*
 presence, and selects the model with the **lowest AIC**. It then prints
 the selected variable types (e.g., straight-line vs. Euclidean distance)
 and returns the **best-fit logistic regression model** based on those
 variables. ## Code/software All analysis was used in R. ## Access
 information NA