DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rc5r
title: Data for: Three-dimensional fossils of a Cretaceous collared carpet shark (Parascylliidae, Orectolobiformes) shed light on skeletal evolution in galeomorphs

description: A rich fossil record of teeth shows that many living shark families’
 origins lie deep in the Mesozoic. Fossils of the sharks to whom these
 teeth belonged are far rarer and, when they are preserved, are often
 flattened, hindering understanding of the evolutionary radiation of living
 shark groups. Here we use computed tomography to describe two articulated
 Upper Cretaceous shark skeletons from the Chalk of the UK, preserving
 three-dimensional neurocrania, visceral cartilages, pectoral skeletons,
 and vertebrae. These fossils display skeletal anatomies characteristic of
 the Parascylliidae, a family of Orectolobiformes now endemic to Australia
 and the Indo-Pacific. However, they differ in having a more heavily
 mineralised braincase and a tri-basal pectoral fin endoskeleton, while
 their teeth can be attributed to a new species of the problematic taxon
 Pararhincodon. Phylogenetic analysis of these new fossils confirms that
 Pararhincodon is a stem-group parascylliid, providing insight into the
 evolution of parascylliids’ distinctive anatomy during the late
 Mesozoic-Cenozoic shift in orectolobiform biodiversity from the Northern
 Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific. Meanwhile, both Pararhincodon and extant
 parascylliids have a distinctive vertebral morphology previously described
 only in Carcharhiniformes, contributing a skeletal perspective to the
 picture emerging from macroevolutionary analyses of coastal, small-bodied
 origins for galeomorphs.
description: This dataset comprises the supporting phylogenetic and
 morphological datasets for the study "Three-dimensional fossils of a
 Cretaceous collared carpet shark (Parascylliidae, Orectolobiformes) shed
 light on skeletal evolution in galeomorphs". The morphological
 dataset was collected using micro-CT and segmentation. The phylogenetic
 dataset was assembled from the literature and observation of specimens and
 analysed using MrBayes and PAUP*.
description: # Data for: Three-dimensional fossils of a Cretaceous collared carpet
 shark (Parascylliidae, Orectolobiformes) shed light on skeletal evolution
 in galeomorphs
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rc5r](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rc5r) ## Description of the data and file structure This data was collected for the manuscript "Three-dimensional fossils of a Cretaceous collared carpet shark (Parascylliidae, Orectolobiformes) shed light on skeletal evolution in galeomorphs"  ### Files and variables #### File: Pararhincodon\_Matrix\_v3.nex **Description:** Phylogenetic matrix underlying analyses in paper #### File: Pararhincodon\_Matrix\_v3\_Bayes.nex.run1.p **Description:** First parameter file from MrBayes analysis. #### File: Pararhincodon3\_parsimony\_trees.tre **Description:** Most parsimonious trees resulting from PAUP* analysis #### File: Pararhincodon\_Matrix\_v3\_Bayes.nex.run2.p **Description:** Second parameter file from MrBayes analysis. #### File: Pararhincodon\_Matrix\_v3\_Bayes.nex.run1.t **Description:** First trees file from MrBayes analysis. #### File: Pararhincodon\_Matrix\_v3\_Bayes.nex.run2.t **Description:** Second trees file from MrBayes analysis. #### File: P\_variolatum\_Body\_plys.zip **Description:** 3D models of the full-body model of *Parascyllium variolatum* CSIRO CA 3311 #### File: P\_variolatum\_plys.zip **Description:** 3D models of the head model of *Parascyllium variolatum* CSIRO CA 3311 #### File: Pararhincodon\_73821a\_plys\_head\_v2.zip **Description:** 3D models of the anterior half of *Pararhincodon* n. sp. NHM PV P 73821a #### File: Pararhincodon\_73821a\_plys\_shoulders.zip **Description:** 3D models of the posterior half of *Pararhincodon* n. sp. NHM PV P 73821a #### File: Pararhincodon\_P\_17223\_Models\_v3.zip **Description:** 3D models of *Pararhincodon* n. sp. NHM PV P 17223a #### File: Pararhincodon\_PVP17723\_Figures\_v1.blend **Description:** Blender file of *Pararhincodon* n. sp. NHM PV P 17223a #### File: Parascyllium\_variolatum\_SI\_body.blend **Description:** Blender file of *Parascyllium variolatum* CSIRO CA 3311, full length scan #### File: Pararhincodon\_PVP73821\_Figures\_v1.blend **Description:** Blender file of *Pararhincodon* n. sp. NHM PV P 73821a #### File: Parascyllium\_variolatum\_SI\_head.blend **Description:** Blender file of *Parascyllium variolatum* CSIRO CA 3311, head ## Code/software Phylogenetic files are all openable in text editors such as notepad++. Tree files are viewable in FigTree and R. .ply files are viewable in freeware Blender. .blend files are openable with freeware Blender.