cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h9w0vt4nh
title: Herbivorous dietary selection shown by hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) within mixed woodland habitats

description: Knowledge of diet and dietary selectivity is vital, especially for the
 conservation of declining species. Accurately obtaining this information,
 however, is difficult, especially if the study species feeds on a wide
 range of food items within heterogeneous and inaccessible environments,
 such as the tree canopy. Hawfinches ( Coccothraustes coccothraustes ),
 like many woodland birds, are declining for reasons that are unclear. We
 investigated the possible role that dietary selection may have in these
 declines in the UK. Here, we used a combination of high-throughput
 sequencing of 261 hawfinch faecal samples assessed against tree occurrence
 data from quadrats sampled in three hawfinch population strongholds in the
 UK to test for evidence of selective foraging. This revealed that
 hawfinches show selective feeding and consume certain tree genera
 disproportionally to availability. Positive selection was shown for beech
 (Fagus), cherry (Prunus), hornbeam (Carpinus), maples (Acer) and oak
 (Quercus), while Hawfinch avoided ash (Fraxinus), birch (Betula), chestnut
 (Castanea), fir (Abies), hazel (Corylus), rowan (Sorbus) and lime (Tilia).
 This approach provided detailed information on hawfinch dietary choice and
 may be used to predict the effects of changing food resources on other
 declining passerine populations in the future.
description: From March-July 2017–2019, hawfinches were caught under licence
 using mist nets at artificial feeding stations within north Wales, the Wye
 Valley and the New Forest. For prevalence of different
 tree species, we used data collected during other studies within the same
 woods from long-term ongoing hawfinch projects. Data from all three study
 areas were collected between 2013 to 2016 based on nest sites and random
 locations within the same woods. Further data were collected in 2017 from
 the north Wales study area. These data were based on foraging locations
 from GPS tracking of individual hawfinches and random locations in any
 woodland within the north Wales study area. At all
 locations, a quadrat of 10m * 10m was marked out, with the given location
 at the SW corner of the quadrat. Within each quadrat, trees were
 identified, and circumference at breast height (CBH) of all trees and
 shrubs was recorded. As many closely related tree species are difficult to
 identify to species, with some genera frequently hybridizing,
 morphometrically similar species were recorded together (e.g. “oak”
 includes <em>Quercus</em> <em>robur</em>,
 <em>Quercus</em> <em>petraea</em>, and hybrids).
 Any trees which had a CBH less than 20cm diameter were not recorded to
 discount saplings, which are known not to be utilised as a food resource
 by hawfinch.
description: R is required to open any R Studio file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp7n
title: Data from: Long-term trends in grassland bird relative abundance on focal grassland landscapes in Missouri

description: North American grassland birds have widely declined over the past 50
 years, largely due to anthropogenic-driven loss of native prairie habitat.
 In response to these declines, many conservation programs have been
 implemented to help secure wildlife habitat on private and public lands.
 The Grasslands Coalition is one such initiative established to advance the
 conservation of grassland birds in Missouri. The Missouri Department of
 Conservation conducted annual point count surveys for comparison of
 grassland bird relative abundance between focal grassland areas and nearby
 paired (i.e., containing no targeted management) sites. We analyzed 17
 years of point count data with a generalized linear mixed model in a
 Bayesian framework to estimate relative abundance and trends across focal
 or paired sites for nine bird species of management interest that rely on
 grasslands: barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), brown-headed cowbird
 (Molothrus ater), dickcissel (Spiza americana), eastern meadowlark
 (Sturnella magna), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow’s
 sparrow (A. henslowii), horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), northern
 bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius
 phoeniceus). Relative abundance of all species except eastern meadowlarks
 declined regionally. Relative abundance of barn swallows, brown-headed
 cowbirds, dickcissels, eastern meadowlarks, Henslow’s sparrows, and
 northern bobwhites was higher in focal than paired sites, though relative
 abundance trends were only improved in focal vs. paired areas for
 dickcissels and Henslow’s sparrows. Relative abundance increased with
 increasing grassland cover at the local (250-m radius) scale for all
 species except horned larks and red-winged blackbirds and at the landscape
 (2,500-m radius) scale for all species except dickcissels, eastern
 meadowlarks, and northern bobwhites. Our results suggest focal areas
 contained greater relative abundances of several grassland species of
 concern, likely due to increased availability of grassland habitat at
 local and landscape scales. Further efforts to decrease landscape-scale
 fragmentation and improve habitat quality may be needed to achieve
 conservation goals.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqvd
title: Data for: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in food assistance programs: A district study

description: Objective: This study aimed to assess food handlers' knowledge,
 attitudes, and self-reported practices towards the safer donated foods.
 Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted within a 5-month
 consecutive time period in 2021. Setting: This study was conducted in the
 eThekwini District, South Africa. Participants: A convenience
 sampling-based cross-sectional survey of food handlers (n=252) served as
 the study's main source of data. A total of eight study sites across
 five municipal planning regions (MPRs) of eThekwini District were visited.
 The principal investigator administered the validated structured
 standardised questionnaire, using participant’s language of choice, which
 was either English or isiZulu. All the questions in the questionnaire were
 asked in exactly the same manner, following the same flow, in order to
 avoid bias and ensure consistency. Furthermore, the close-ended nature of
 questions in the questionnaire mitigated the risks of question
 manipulation. The questionnaire was adapted from the World Health
 Organization's (WHO) five keys to a safer food manual. Primary and
 secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome was the
 knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices towards the safer
 donated foods. The secondary outcomes were the sanitary conditions of
 infrastructure and facilities, food handlers’ observed food handling
 behaviour, and nutritional information/labeling. Results: The results show
 that the food handlers had good knowledge, positive attitude, and
 acceptable behaviours towards safe food handling and general hygiene, with
 mean scores (SD) of 62.8 (14.6), 92.5 (14.1), and 80.4 (13.3),
 respectively. Significant correlations were found between knowledge and
 attitudes (p=0.001), knowledge and practices (p&lt;0.001), and
 attitudes and practices (p=0.02). However, the correlations between
 knowledge versus attitude and attitude versus practice were poor
 (spearman's rho&lt;0.3), and the association between knowledge
 versus practice was moderate (0.3–0.7). The majority of food handlers
 (92.5%) did not understand the value of thorough cooking and temperature
 control. About 53% of respondents acknowledged to never adequately
 reheating cooked meals, 5% did not see the significance of preventing
 cross-contamination, and 5% were unsure. Conclusions: Despite the
 relatively positive KAP levels of the food handlers, safe food handling
 and hygiene practices, such as thorough cooking and temperature control,
 properly reheating cooked meals, and taking precautions to prevent
 cross-contamination, require some emphasis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fqz612jwq
title: Data from: Pest management science often disregards farming system complexities

description: Since the 1940s, pesticide-intensive crop protection has sustained food
 security but also caused pervasive impacts on biodiversity, environmental
 integrity and human health. Here, we employ a systematic literature review
 to structurally analyze pest management science in 65 developing
 countries. Within a corpus of 3,407 publications, we find that taxonomic
 coverage is skewed towards a subset of 48 herbivores. Simplified contexts
 are commonplace: 48% of studies are performed within laboratory confines.
 80% treat management tactics in an isolated rather than integrated
 fashion. 83% consider no more than two out of 15 farming system variables.
 Limited attention is devoted to pest-pathogen or pest-pollinator
 interplay, trophic interactions across ecosystem compartments or natural
 pest regulation. By overlooking social strata, the sizable scientific
 progress on agroecological management translates into slow farm-level
 uptake. We argue that the scientific enterprise should integrate system
 complexity to chart sustainable trajectories for global agriculture and
 achieve transformative change on the ground.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wm37pvms3
title: Consistent apparent adult survival and nest-site fidelity of Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40-year period

description: Reliable estimates of adult survival for many shorebird species are
 lacking. We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) methods to provide an estimate
 of apparent, or local, survival (φ) of a population of Whimbrels, Numenius
 phaeopus, breeding in the subarctic Churchill, Manitoba region. We used
 data collected in two time periods: 1973–1976 and 2010–2014. We also
 quantified nest-site fidelity in 2010–2014 to provide context to our
 apparent survival estimates because mark-recapture analyses cannot
 distinguish between mortality and permanent emigration. The most
 parsimonious CJS model did not include effects of sex or time on apparent
 adult survival in either period (φ = 0.76 ± 0.13 SE; φ = 0.75 ± 0.04 SE,
 1973 – 1976 and 2010 – 2014, respectively). Additionally, observations of
 marked Whimbrels between 2010 and 2019 (n = 124) showed that 61 of the 105
 marked individuals (58.1%) were resighted. These estimates of return rates
 are, as expected, much lower than estimates of apparent survival. The
 median year-to-year distance between nests (n = 139) from 2010 to 2014 was
 198 ± 88 m SE and did not differ significantly (p = 0.84) between females
 (x ̅ = 721.9 ± 119.8 m SE) and males (x ̅ = 720.3 ± 83.1 m SE). If our
 apparent survival estimate is indicative of true survivorship, then adult
 mortality during the nonbreeding season has remained constant over the
 last five decades, implying that the recent decline in Whimbrel
 populations may stem largely from reduced fecundity, including egg or
 juvenile survival, rather than primarily from reduced adult survival.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzhg
title: Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities

description: Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that
 competitive, negative density-dependent processes are the only type of
 interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest
 that positive interactions within trophic levels (e.g. plant-plant) may
 also affect plant coexistence. Though positive plant-plant interactions
 theoretically might result in positive or nonmonotonic frequency or
 density dependence (FD/DD), less is known about how commonly these
 patterns occur, or which ecological processes might result in such
 patterns in natural plant communities. In this study, we test for signals
 of variable frequency and density dependence in annual flowering plant
 communities in Western Australia and search for evidence that interactions
 among plants during flowering might induce positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD
 in flowering plants. Using four common annual wildflower species, we ask
 if plant fecundity exhibits positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD and if
 pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering change
 patterns of FD/DD relative to pollinator-independent plant interactions.
 Three species exhibited nonmonotonic (hump-shaped) density dependence, and
 only one species experienced strictly negative density dependence. Each
 species exhibited a different pattern of frequency dependence (positive,
 negative, weakly nonmonotonic, and no detectable frequency dependence).
 Pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering induced both
 nonmonotonic density dependence and negative frequency dependence in one
 species. Importantly, the extent of variation in FD/DD observed in our
 study brings into question the dominance of negative density and frequency
 dependence in theory, suggesting instead that demographic responses of
 plants to their communities fall along a continuum of possible density-
 and frequency-dependent patterns.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3bk3j9kpn
title: Data from: Recent decreases in snow water storage in western North America

description: We present long-term average and annual Snow Storage Index values over
 mountainous western North America, intended to represent the snow water
 storage capacity (and associated change) across the region. The Snow
 Storage Index represents the temporal phase difference between daily
 precipitation and surface water inputs – the sum of rainfall and snowmelt
 into the terrestrial systems – weighted by relative magnitudes. Different
 from snow water equivalent or snow fraction, the Snow Storage Index
 represents the degree to which the snowpack delays the timing and
 magnitude of surface water inputs relative to preciptiation, a fundamental
 component of how snow water storage influences the hydrologic cycle.
  Our analysis of a 64-year modeled dataset and 34-year
 observation dataset shows that the Snow Storage Index has decreased
 significantly across mountainous, western North America, due primarily to
 substantially earlier snowmelt and rainfall in spring months, with
 additional declines in winter precipitation. The Snow Storage Index and
 associated trends offer a new perspective on hydrologic sensitivity to
 climate change which have broad implications for water resources and
 ecosystems.
description: The mentioned modeled and observed datasets are publicly
 available and linked within this dataset and associated publication.
 Meteorological data (precipitation and temperature) and flux data (snow
 water equivalent) were used from both datasets to generate the Snow
 Storage Index. The Snow Storage Index is dependent on the phase and
 magnitude of precipitation and surface water inputs (sum of daily rainfall
 and snowmelt). Thus, these variables were mathematically compared annually
 and as long-term averages for the subsequent analysis.
description: R version 4.2.0 and Photoshop 24.1.1 were used to process the
 files and produce the following figures.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v6n
title: Juvenile hormone regulates the photoperiodic plasticity of elytra coloration in a ladybird Harmonia axyridis

description: Many animals, including insects, exhibit plasticity of body color in
 response to environmental changes. Varied expression of carotenoids, major
 cuticle pigments, significantly contributes to body color flexibility.
 However, the molecular mechanisms by which environmental cues regulate
 carotenoid expression remain largely unknown. In this study, we used the
 ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a model to investigate the
 photoperiodic-responsive plasticity of elytra coloration and its endocrine
 regulation. It was found that H. axyridis females under long-day
 conditions develop elytra that are much redder than those under short-day
 conditions, resulting from the differential accumulation of carotenoids.
 Exogenous hormone application and RNAi-mediated gene knockdown indicate
 that carotenoid deposition was directed through the juvenile hormone (JH)
 receptor-mediated canonical pathway. Moreover, we characterized an
 SR-BI/CD36 (SCRB) gene SCRB10 as the carotenoid transporter responding to
 JH signaling and regulating the elytra coloration plasticity. Taken
 together, we propose that JH signaling transcriptionally regulates the
 carotenoid transporter gene for the photoperiodic coloration plasticity of
 elytra in the beetles, which reveals a novel role of the endocrine system
 in the regulation of carotenoid-associated animal body coloration under
 environmental stimuli.
DOI: 10.6078/d1fm8j
title: 3D microCT of lithium metal battery after charge and discharge

description: Lithium metal battery (LMB) has the potential to be the next-generation
 battery system because of their high theoretical energy density. However,
 defects known as dendrites are formed by heterogeneous lithium (Li)
 plating, which hinder the development and utilization of LMBs.
 Non-destructive techniques to observe the dendrite morphology often use
 computerized X-ray tomography (XCT) imaging to provide cross-sectional
 views. To retrieve three-dimensional structures inside a battery, image
 segmentation becomes essential to quantitatively analyze XCT images. This
 work proposes a new binary semantic segmentation approach using a
 transformer-based neural network (T-Net) model capable of segmenting out
 dendrites from XCT data. In addition, we compare the performance of the
 proposed T-Net with three other algorithms, such as U-Net, Y-Net, and
 E-Net, consisting of an Ensemble Network model for XCT analysis. Our
 results show the advantages of using T-Net when evaluating
 over-segmentation metrics, such as mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) and
 mean Dice Similarity Coefficient (mDSC) as well as through several
 qualitatively comparative visualizations. This data record contains a
 relevant crop of the original XCT data as well as the corresponding result
 of using our proposed transformer-based neural network (T-Net)
 for semantic segmentation.
description: Synchrotron-based hard X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for
 high-resolution. This deposit record contains a relevant crop of the
 original XCT data as well as the corresponding result of using our
 proposed transformer-based neural network (T-Net) for semantic
 segmentation.
description: Any multi-tif reader, such as Gimp, Preview, ImageJ, among
 others
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/ds/8727467
title: MRI Paired Brain dataset
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zwcr
title: Meta-analysis shows forest soil CO2 effluxes are dependent on the disturbance regime and biome type

description: Forest soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) is a crucial process in global carbon
 cycling; however, how FCO2 responds to disturbance regimes in different
 forest biomes is poorly understood. We quantified the effects of
 disturbance regimes on FCO2 across boreal, temperate, tropical, and
 Mediterranean forests based on 1240 observations from 380 studies.
 Globally, climatic perturbations such as elevated CO2 concentration,
 warming, and increased precipitation increase FCO2 by 13 to 25%. FCO2 is
 increased by forest conversion to grassland and elevated carbon input by
 forest management practices but reduced by decreased carbon input, fire,
 and acid rain. Disturbance also changes soil temperature and water
 content, which in turn affect the direction and magnitude of disturbance
 influences on FCO2. FCO2 is disturbance- and biome-type dependent, and
 such effects should be incorporated into earth system models to improve
 the projection of the feedback between the terrestrial C cycle and climate
 change.
description: Peer-reviewed journal articles
 from 1970 to 2021 were searched using the ISI Web of Science
 database.  This study
 narrowed the search to disturbance effects on FCO<sub>2</sub> in boreal, temperate, tropical, and Mediterranean forests, and excluded non-forest ecosystems. Searches were limited to disturbance effects on FCO<sub>2</sub> under field conditions. Studies that lasted less than one growing season were also excluded. Each observation had at least one pair of total (FCO<sub>2</sub>), autotrophic (AFCO<sub>2</sub>) or heterotrophic (HFCO<sub>2</sub>) components measured simultaneously in both the control and treatment groups. If studies reported more than one disturbance level, each level was recorded and listed as a separate observation.
description: Microsoft Excel
DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/fbz6w
title: Analysis of drug resistance among difficult-to-treat tuberculosis patients in Ghana identifies several pre-XDR TB cases (Turberculosis_0010)

description: The main purpose of the study was for the Analysis of drug resistance among difficult-to-treat tuberculosis patients in Ghana identifies several pre-XDR TB cases, 


Visit the project website: https://www.hdrwa.org
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m905qfv5m
title: A global analysis of coral bleaching patterns in association with mangrove environments under global warming

description: Marine heatwaves caused by global warming are progressively degrading
 coral reefs worldwide via the process of coral bleaching – the expulsion
 of photosynthetic endosymbionts. However, coral bleaching is not spatially
 homogeneous, but varies across environmental gradients in association with
 local conditions and taxonomic composition. Emerging evidence suggests
 that mangrove habitats are recurrent “microenvironments” for reef corals,
 providing key biogeochemical services believed to influence their
 resilience, and housing co-tolerant coral taxa. This close association
 between coral reefs and mangroves has led to the hypothesis that the
 extent of coral bleaching is reduced by the proximity of reef building
 corals to mangroves. Here, we present the first global-scale test
 addressing this hypothesis. Using Bayesian Generalised Linear Mixed Effect
 modelling, we show that coral bleaching tends to increase under higher
 thermal stress when corals are further away from mangroves. When comparing
 conditional effects, corals furthest away from mangroves also show the
 highest levels of bleaching, suggesting a phenomenon of reduced bleaching
 for corals residing closer to mangroves under thermal stress. The drivers
 of this pattern may be numerous, but most likely include the presence of
 co-tolerant coral species which are known to be associated with mangroves.
 Future research should focus on disentangling the mechanisms underlying
 these coral bleaching patterns in association with mangroves, specifically
 focusing on in-situ environmental and taxonomic data collection. These
 endeavours will most likely require high-resolution analyses of coral
 reefs at more local-scales. Ultimately, our findings add to the
 ever-growing importance of mangroves for near-shore coral reef
 environments, and suggest a potentially important benefit for coral reefs
 associated with mangroves in the Anthropocene.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18402580
title: Non-Gaussian state teleportation with a nonlinear feedforward

description: The dataset contains data that were used to create Figures 2,3,4 and 6 in the paper Non-Gaussian state teleportation with a nonlinear feedforward. The Python code that was used to produce the data and plot the Figures is provided.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18402581
title: Non-Gaussian state teleportation with a nonlinear feedforward

description: The dataset contains data that were used to create Figures 2,3,4 and 6 in the paper Non-Gaussian state teleportation with a nonlinear feedforward. The Python code that was used to produce the data and plot the Figures is provided.