cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287207
title: Prediction of waste generation in construction through BIM modeling

description: Abstract The construction industry is certainly fundamental to the Brazilian economy, but the high consumption of raw materials involved is cause for environmental concern, especially due to the huge amount of waste it generates. Actions to reduce construction waste (CW) are taken solely in the actual construction stage, not in the design stages. In this scenario, BIM technology can be used to better analyse and control waste generation. This paper presents a BIM model that allows contractors to estimate the volume and disposal cost of CW in the design stage, before any construction activities have been performed. A systematic literature review provided a correct selection of construction material waste factors and BIM modelling methods. Calculations revealed that 10% of CW is class B and 90% is class A. Mortar was found to be the material with the highest waste rate, 56% of the total waste volume estimate. These findings demonstrate that BIM modelling can produce reliable data, which will help contractors to create a Construction Waste Management Plan (CWMP), thus improving CW planning and reduction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287205
title: Shading with daylight: development and testing of a parametric model to facilitate design choices of shading devices

description: Abstract This study aims to develop and test a parametric model to be used in the early design stages of shading devices. With the adoption of multi-criteria analysis, the tool seeks to optimize solutions in order to meet criteria that are apparently conflicting: blocking solar radiation and providing the incidence of daylight. The geometric model consists of a room with one window and also the possibility of an external obstacle. Four types of shading devices can be selected and adjusted by users. Three performance objectives were defined for multicriteria evaluation with genetic algorithms: to maximise the number of points between 300 and 750 lux, to reduce the incidence of direct solar radiation on the window surface, and to increase average illuminance levels. In the first stage, 35 generations of cases, each with 100 individuals, were calculated. The simulation results are plotted in a three-dimensional graph that has an axis for each performance goal. Therefore, different areas of this graph have different performance features and, consequently, varied solutions. Based on their relative position on the graph, six cases were selected to be further investigated with annual daylight simulation. The results indicate that, in the simulated scenario with a generous window facing west, there is convergence between the lighting and shading objectives: the lower the incidence of solar radiation, the higher the average percentage of hours between 100 and 2000lux and between 300 and 750 lux.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287203
title: The effect of window orientation on environmental thermal performance and occupant perception

description: Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the effect of solar orientation in terms of thermal performance and occupant perception in two indoor environments of a Cost-Effective Building Bioclimatic Chamber (CBBC), with window facades in two opposite solar orientations. This study employed Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) techniques and temperature measurements at CBBC in Bioclimatic Zone 1, Curitiba/PR, Brazil. The users’ evaluation sessions took place in the winter of 2018, with subjective evaluations by 136 voluntary participants. The results of the objective measurements were corroborated by the perceptions of users, proving the thermal contribution of north-facing window façades in winter. Window orientation (north/south) led to changes in air- and internal surface temperatures, with effects on the vertical profile of the temperature and on thermal performance levels, even for window configurations with closed shutters, i.e., without direct solar heat gains in the environment. The internal air temperature discrepancy increased with direct solar heat, reaching a difference of 5.9 °C.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287202
title: Life cycle assessment of different envelopes for affordable housing in Florianópolis, Brazil

description: Abstract When a construction component is selected to improve the performance of a building throughout its operation, its impact must be verified throughout the life cycle to ensure the reduction of environmental impacts. Hence, the main objective of this study was to select the set of construction components with the lowest environmental impact to use in affordable housing in Florianópolis, by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). An LCA was developed using two types of walls and two types of roofs. For the walls, ceramic bricks with coating and adobe bricks with lime earth mortar were considered. For the roofs, ceramic tiles with a wooden ceiling and ceramic tiles with a concrete slab were considered. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method used was IMPACT 2002+. The results obtained were compared with the ReCiPe method. Computer simulation was applied through the EnergyPlus programme to calculate the annual energy consumption. The set with the lowest energy consumption was the adobe wall and concrete slab. Both methods used for the LCIA showed consistent results for most impact categories. Hence, the set with the lowest environmental impact obtained through the LCA was the adobe brick wall with a wooden ceiling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287201
title: Climate change in the metropolitan region of São Paulo: an analysis of master plans and urban laws

description: Abstract Studies about how climate change is tackled and the resulting implications for urban governance have acknowledged the need to integrate climate policies, which are usually focused on international and national levels, disregarding the local level. Seeking to investigate local actions, this article aims to analyse current Master Plans and municipal laws in 39 municipalities of the metropolitan region of São Paulo in order to explore the existence of policies dedicated to the adaptation and mitigation of the damage caused by extreme weather events The analysis, based on 10 questions, reveals that over 90% of the 39 municipalities studied do not directly use the term "climate change" in their Master Plans, and that percentage drops to 72% when only municipal planning legislation is analysed. The study also found that nearly 70% of the municipalities have not implemented the Municipal Climate Change Policy, emphasising the need for a discussion on climate policy and the adaptive planning of cities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287193
title: Analysis of the influence of time and sight trajectories on daylight glare probability in office environments

description: Abstract To quantify and characterise the perception of brightness in visual activity is still a challenge for researchers, mainly because it is a subjective parameter, dependent on the active position of the occupant. The aim of this study was to consider dynamic users in work environments and verify the influence of viewing time and sight direction on glare probability. The data were collected in a real environment where 26 volunteers were monitored while performing common office tasks. The gaze movements were recorded with an Eye-Tracker device. Through High Dynamic Range (HDR) images the surfaces’ brightnesses were mapped and the glare probability index (DGP) was calculated. Those data were correlated with the users' satisfaction answers obtained through questionnaires. The researchers found that, when performing a task, users keep their eyes fixed on the task surface, and during break periods, the sight became more dispersed. The windows were mainly visualised when they were part of the task’s background or when their luminance values were low. The conclusion was that DGP weighted values were closer to the satisfaction votes expressed by the participants, emphasising the importance of considering vision directions and viewing time in this analysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287191
title: Influence of air humidity on the thermal comfort of users of office buildings in Florianópolis/SC

description: Abstract Thermal comfort is highly important not only for energy conservation in buildings, but also for users’ satisfaction and performance. The main objective of this project is to assess the effect of air humidity on the thermal comfort of users of office buildings located in a humid subtropical climate, in Florianópolis/SC, southern Brazil. Based on field data previously collected, statistical analyses were performed considering the air humidity and users’ subjective responses obtained by means of an electronic questionnaire. The thermal perception and the air humidity perception of occupants of a building with central air-conditioning system and two mixed-mode buildings, in which there was alternation between the natural ventilation mode and the air-conditioning mode, were analysed. The results obtained indicate no relation between humidity ratio and thermal perception, however, a significant influence of humidity sensation and humidity preference on thermal comfort was observed. In addition, the study confirmed, as other authors had already pointed out, the importance of the use of absolute humidity instead of relative humidity in thermal comfort analyses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287190
title: Pineapple leaf fibre (Ananas comosus) composite for use in the built environment

description: Abstract The sustainability of our planet’s natural resources has been a growing and pressing concern in the past few years. Architecture, as one of the industrial sectors responsible for great transformations in the built environment, is a means for the rational adoption of eco-friendly materials. This paper discusses a research project that employed an experimental procedure to produce composite materials using pineapple leaf fibre and vegetable resin. The article describes the experimental procedures adopted and the results of physical characterisation - specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption - and mechanical ones - flexural and tensile strengths, and tensile modulus of elasticity. The composite was developed with different fibre contents, used in the longitudinal direction. In order to recommend applications for the composites, a comparison was done with ANSI A208.1 (ANSI, 2016), and a computer simulation using parametric modelling with Rhinoceros 3D 5.12, Grasshopper 0.9.0076 and Karamba 3D 1.3.0. The experimental results produced a material with moisture content values between 610 kg/m3 and 760 kg/m3, and tensile strength between 56.27 MPa and 81.58 MPa, classifying of the material as a particle board. The parametric modelling reinforces the applications of the product in the built environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287189
title: Solar constraints as a guiding principle for urban form: a case study applied in the context of the Distrito Federal (Brazil)

description: Abstract The urban form influences buildings’ access to the sun, interfering in the levels of radiation (irradiance), daylight (illuminance) and energy production potential. Hence, one must consider the proper use of solar energy in the design of the urban form. This study aims to optimize urban forms based on the use of solar energy in buildings, considering the maximisation of irradiance on the roofs, and at the same time, the minimisation of irradiance and reception of a satisfactory level of illumination on façades. The study was applied in the Administrative Region of Gama (Distrito Federal, Brazil), subject to the Land Use and Occupancy Laws (LUOS). The method is a simplification of Martins, Adolphe and Bastos (2014) and includes the classification of the urban fabric, using ArcGIS; the calculation of the solar performance for 67 scenarios, using both DIVA and Grasshopper software; and an analysis, with irradiance and illuminance criteria, to define optimised urban forms. The results show that it is difficult to achieve satisfactory levels of illuminance on façades in lots that are small, close together and with high occupancy rates. Seven optimised forms were obtained, highlighting the need to review the LUOS parameters. The study concludes that the design of lots (size, spacing, orientation) and their integration with occupancy parameters (occupancy rate and number of floors) is highly relevant in urban planning. The method is feasible and can be replicated in different conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287187
title: Influence of spacers distribution on the cover and on the service life of solid slabs

description: Abstract Reinforcement protection is a fundamental aspect in the performance of reinforced concrete structures, and it is achieved through concrete quality and cover thickness. Surveys have pointed to negligence regarding cover specifications and ineffective execution procedures. As a consequence, inadequate covers are increasingly recurrent. A factor that contributes to aggravate the problem is the lack of clarity of construction standards regarding the distribution of the spacers to obtain the planned cover. This research work consists in a case study with different distances between the spacers for positive reinforcement in slabs (work pattern and controlled spacing of 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm). The aim of this study is to compare the cover thicknesses before and after concreting, to associate them with the standard service life, as well as to evaluate whether the design and execution standards are sufficient to help obtain the cover. The study showed that the minimum cover to guarantee the design service life was not fully achieved, but execution control and a method for distributing the spacers would significantly influence the obtention of the cover, with a distance of 40 cm between spacers producing the best performance of all the spacings evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287186
title: Embodied energy and CO2 emissions in the cement manufacturing process in Ecuador

description: Abstract Cement is an indispensable material for construction, so obtaining local data on the environmental impact generated by its production in Ecuador is necessary for decision makers and manufacturers. This research determines the embodied energy and CO2 emissions in the cement manufacturing process, through the application of the Life Cycle Analysis Methodology and the Guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2006 for national inventories of greenhouse gases. The study considers the production of 1 tonne of cement per year of production with a "gate to gate" approach. The results show that its production requires 3,191.95 MJ of energy and generates emissions of 510.57 KgCO2. The main contributors in energy are due to the limestone, fuel oil and electricity. The unitary process that generates the greatest impact is the clinker production, both from the chemical reactions occurring in the kiln and by its fossil fuel consumption.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287185
title: The influence of using different red mud content in the properties of hydraulic tiles

description: Abstract The reduction of binder consumption in mortar and concrete compositions and the use of supplementary cementitious materials are alternatives that produce lower environmental impact, allowing cost reductions and enhancing the characteristics of cementitious materials. At the same time, the aluminum industry, through the Bayer process, generates a large amount of red mud, causing another kind of environmental impact. The main purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of using different contents of red mud in association with different kinds of Portland cement in the composition of hydraulic tiles. The hardened properties were monitored by colorimetry, porosity by Archimedes immersion method, water absorption by capillarity, resistance to abrasion, flexure strength and air-permeability. The results indicate that the use of red mud had a significant impact on air-permeability, by reducing it, as well as on the colour of the tiles, however, no statistically significant impact was observed on the other properties evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287183
title: Evaluation method for building performance in Light Wood Frame in Brazil

description: Abstract Light wood frame (LWF) is a construction system considered innovative in Latin American countries, which has been used as a strategy to mitigate housing deficits. Since this construction system is new in these countries, a rigorous assessment of their manufacturing, construction and use is essential. Thus, this research aims to develop a method to evaluate the performance of LWF buildings in Brazil to help builders optimise the construction system in the country. The study made use of the literature to identify valuable criteria for a building performance evaluation using qualitative tools, such as questionnaires and the Delphi technique, to select specific criteria for the LWF system. Finally, statistic tools, criteria groups and weights were generated. As a result, the study established a framework with 5 dimensions, 19 criteria and 41 sub-criteria, thus understanding which the most important criteria are to be evaluated during the LWF building performance evaluation. Finally, the criteria with the highest scores refer to structural durability, maintenance, sealing and control of thermal, acoustic, visual and air quality comfort.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287181
title: Medium density particleboard made with castor oil-based polyurethane and with cement addition

description: Abstract This research study investigates the influence of the inclusion of Portland cement mass fractions (CP-V ARI) [0%, 10%, 20% and 30%] on the production of composite wood panels made with Pinus sp. and castor oil-based polyurethane resin, with the aim of evaluating the potential of panels produced with the addition of granular materials as construction waste. The characterisation was performed with the aid of the Brazilian standard NBR 14810 and an analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysing the physical and mechanical properties. Four 400 mm x 400 mm x 10 mm panels were manufactured for each treatment, totalling 16 panels. For each panel, 3 test specimens (CP) were taken for an evaluation of their physical and mechanical properties. The addition of mass fractions of cement larger than 10% are detrimental to the mechanical properties of the panels, reducing the MOE and MOR values. The density, absorption and swelling properties remained within the requirements of the standard.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287178
title: Prefabricated bathroom pods: benefits and how they create value for consumers

description: Abstract The industrialisation of construction processes is a tried and tested practice that has currently been gaining space. In the specific case of prefabricated bathroom pods, progress in the national construction sector has been modest, with only a small number of manufacturers, low production volumes and scarce academic literature. Such scenario hinders the decision making of builders, who have too few references to be able to quantify their benefits and establish comparisons with conventional building systems. Thus, this study brought together 14 industry experts in Brazil, and conducted Delphi rounds in a process of co-creating the value perceived by consumers of prefabricated bathroom pods. Over three rounds, experts defined and discussed the key benefits of this building system and the ways in which it creates value for consumers. This study creates a database that combines academic rigour with the practical experience of experts, offering decision makers more references to compare with conventional processes, and providing academics a starting point for the development of devices that can assist the decision-making process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287177
title: The effect of water absorption and type of substrate on the performance of rendering mortars in the fresh and hardened state

description: Abstract The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the substrate type and water absorption on the properties of rendering mortars. A mortar was applied on ceramic and concrete blocks and on standard concrete substrate, which received superficial treatments with water repellent and silicon. This strategy was used to alter the water absorption without changing the roughness. The mixture, application, and cure of the mortars were kept constant, and the results indicated that there are considerable differences in the spreading and open-time of mortars depending on the surface treatment and substrate type; there were no statistical differences in the adhesion or permeability of mortars applied on the ceramic and concrete blocks, regardless of surface treatment, but the values were much lower than those observed on the standard concrete substrate; and even with a direct influence of the coefficient of water absorption on adhesion and permeability, a different tendency was observed for each kind of substrate, indicating that, while absorption is important, it is not the main variable influencing the performance of coatings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287175
title: Spatial-temporal analysis of land use change under influence of a travel generator in Goiânia, GO, Brazil

description: Abstract The analysis of the dynamics of changes in patterns of land use and occupation, which is essential for the planning of urban areas, can be done indirectly through remote sensing orbital images. Orbital images have proven to be important tools for measuring and monitoring human activities on Earth. Thus, this paper aims to map the surrounding areas of Passeio das Águas Shopping Center, located in the northern region of Goiânia, Brazil, assigning to it the condition of Travel Generator (TG). Hence, this study analysed the dynamics of change in land use and cover in its surroundings. The methodology used was based on the digital processing of orbital images in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The results showed that, in a 10-year interval, there was a reduction of the vegetation area, and a significant increase in the paved and built areas, promoting significant changes in the land use pattern after the implementation of the TG.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287172
title: Definition of essential environmental elements for the humanization of hospital

description: Abstract In architecture, humanising means offering better spaces to users, with environmental stimuli that enhance wellbeing. Public healthcare facilities rarely offer spaces for patients to move around in, in addition to the inpatient room. This study seeks to investigate what are the essential environmental elements for the humanisation of these spaces through a literature review and a case study in a public hospital. Thus, a literature review was carried out to list possible elements capable of generating greater comfort and physical and psychological wellbeing to users, where aspects related to environmental psychology were addressed to better understand users' behaviour. This investigative research was carried out through a case study, with the support of several quali / quantitative methods, such as: exploratory visit, inquiry, observation of behaviour and analysis of physical traits - essential to assist in the determination of the priority atributes. The methods were applied in order to assess the environment and identify users and their activities. The study concludes that the environmental elements considered essential are mostly those inherent to architecture itself. When designing healthcare environments, whose users are frail, one must take into account their desires and needs in order to ensure a satisfactory stay.