cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k8h4t
title: Data from: Using citizen-collected wildlife sightings to predict traffic strike hotspots for threatened species: a case study on the southern cassowary

description: Assessing the causal factors underpinning the distribution and abundance
 of wildlife road-induced mortality can be challenging. This is
 particularly ubiquitous for rare or elusive species, because traffic
 strikes occur infrequently for these populations and information about
 localized abundance, distribution, and movements are generally lacking.
 Here we assessed if citizen-collected sightings data may serve as a low
 cost and efficient means of gathering long-term animal road-side presence
 and road crossing information, which could then be used to assess the
 causative factors and direct mitigation actions aimed at reducing wildlife
 traffic strike frequency. We explored this principle using two decades of
 traffic strike records and citizen-collected sightings of the southern
 cassowary Casuarius casuarius johnsonii. Roads have bisected the
 cassowaries’ rainforest habitat and despite considerable investment into
 mitigation strategies for this species, road-induced mortality is
 considered one of the primary threatening processes affecting the
 population. Using a Bayesian approach and controlling for spatial
 autocorrelation with conditional autoregressive (CAR) models, we
 demonstrate that traffic strikes are primarily a density-dependent process
 in the southern cassowary. That is, traffic strike clusters occurred along
 stretches of road where cassowaries were most frequently sighted. There
 were, however, road stretches where traffic strike frequency was greater
 than predicted by the number of road-side sightings, illustrating when and
 where density-independent processes increased the mortality potential for
 a road-crossing cassowary. Synthesis and applications. This is the first
 time that citizen-collected sightings data have been used to
 systematically inform upon the abundance and distribution of wildlife
 traffic strike. The technique not only predicts where incidents are likely
 to occur but also helps us to understand the factors responsible for
 strike clustering. While not a replacement for systematic surveys, we
 highlight citizen-collected sightings data as a low-cost option when
 assessing contributing factors to vehicle-induced mortality. Accounting
 for density-dependent and independent processes will ensure the most
 effective allocation of resources when implementing wildlife traffic
 strike mitigation.
description: Cassowary sightings and
 mortality dataThe number of sightings
 and wildlife traffic strikes occurring within georeferenced 1 km grid
 cells. Also included are the R scripts used to run the CARP
 models
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8302n83
title: Data from: Concussion Biomarkers Assessed in Collegiate Student-Athletes (BASICS) I: normative study

description: Objective: To describe variability in concussion biomarker concentrations
 collected from serum in a sample of healthy collegiate athletes, as well
 as report reliability metrics in a subsample of female athletes. Methods:
 Observational cohort study - Aβ42, total tau, S100B, UCH-L1, GFAP, MAP2,
 and CNPase serum concentrations were measured in 415 (61% male, 40% white,
 age 19.0±1.2 years) non-concussed collegiate athletes without recent
 exposure to head impacts. Standardized normative distributions are
 reported for each biomarker. We evaluated main effects (ANOVAs) of sex and
 race, reporting demographic-specific normative metrics when appropriate.
 In a subset of 31 female participants, test-retest reliability (Pearson’s
 r) and reliable change indices (80%, 90%, and 95% confidence intervals)
 across a 6-12 month interval are reported for Aβ42, total tau, S100B, and
 UCH-L1. Results: Males exhibited higher UCH-L1 (p&lt;.001, Cohen’s
 d=0.75) and S100B (p&lt;.001, d=0.56) than females, while females had
 higher CNPase (p&lt;.001, d=0.46). Regarding race, black participants
 had higher baseline levels of UCH-L1 (p&lt;.001, d=0.61) and S100B
 (p&lt;.001, d=1.1) than white participants. Conversely, white
 participants had higher baseline levels of Aβ42 (p=.005, d=0.28) and
 CNPase (p&lt;.001, d=0.46). Test-retest reliability was generally
 poor, ranging from -.02 – 0.40, and Aβ42 significantly increased from Time
 1 to Time 2. Conclusion: Healthy collegiate athletes express
 concussion-related serum biomarkers in variable concentrations. Accounting
 for demographic factors like sex and race is essential. Evidence suggested
 poor reliability for serum biomarkers; however, understanding how other
 factors influence biomarker expression, as well as knowledge of reliable
 change metrics, may improve clinical interpretation and future study
 designs.
description: Concussion BASICS
 Supplementary TablesSupplementary tables
 corresponding to the Concussion BASICS project. Tables A and B are
 relevant to Concussion BASICS: Part 1 - The Normative Study. Table C is
 relevant to Concussion BASICS: Part 3 - Diagnostic Accuracy Following
 Sport-Related COncussionDryad
 Tables.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.73tf8
title: Data from: Individual objective and subjective fixation disparity in near vision

description: Binocular vision refers to the integration of images in the two eyes for
 improved visual performance and depth perception. One aspect of binocular
 vision is the fixation disparity, which is a suboptimal condition in
 individuals with respect to binocular eye movement control and subsequent
 neural processing. The objective fixation disparity refers to the vergence
 angle between the visual axes, which is measured with eye trackers.
 Subjective fixation disparity is tested with two monocular nonius lines
 which indicate the physical nonius separation required for perceived
 alignment. Subjective and objective fixation disparity represent the
 different physiological mechanisms of motor and sensory fusion, but the
 precise relation between these two is still unclear. This study measures
 both types of fixation disparity at viewing distances of 40, 30, and 24 cm
 while observers fixated a central stationary fusion target. 20 young adult
 subjects with normal binocular vision were tested repeatedly to
 investigate individual differences. For heterophoria and subjective
 fixation disparity, this study replicated that the binocular system does
 not properly adjust to near targets: outward (exo) deviations typically
 increase as the viewing distance is shortened. This exo proximity
 effect—however—was not found for objective fixation disparity, which–on
 the average–was zero. But individuals can have reliable outward (exo) or
 inward (eso) vergence errors. Cases with eso objective fixation disparity
 tend to have less exo states of subjective fixation disparity and
 heterophoria. In summary, the two types of fixation disparity seem to
 respond in a different way when the viewing distance is shortened. Motor
 and sensory fusion–as reflected by objective and subjective fixation
 disparity–exhibit complex interactions that may differ between individuals
 (eso versus exo) and vary with viewing distance (far versus near vision).
description: LMER_dataThis file contains the data for linear mixed effects models (LMER in R) with the variables: subject, viewing distances 40, 30, 24 cm, session 1 and 2, repetition 1, 2, 3 and 4 per session, heterophoria, objective fixation disparity, subjective fixation disparity, relative vergence stimulus.Coefficients of robust regressionThis file contains the coefficients of the robust regression (lmrob in R) which provides the intercept (dependent variable at 30 cm viewing distance) and the slope (change in the dependent variable with viewing distance) as shown in Fig. 4. These coefficients are based on the data of each session. The three dependent variables were objective fixation disparity, subjective fixation disparity and heterophoria. Additional variables for Fig. 8 refer to the accommodative performance: the AC/A ratio and the accommodative response at 30 cm viewing distance.RobCoeff_oFD_sFD_het_acc.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.22672702
title: Data from: Direct and indirect transgenerational effects alter plant-herbivore interactions

description: Theory suggests that environmental effects with transgenerational
 consequences, including rapid evolution and maternal effects, may affect
 the outcome of ecological interactions. However, indirect effects occur
 when interactions between two species are altered by the presence of a
 third species, and make the consequences of transgenerational effects
 difficult to predict. We manipulated the presence of insect herbivores and
 the competitor Medicago polymorpha in replicated Lotus wrangelianus
 populations. After one generation, we used seeds from the surviving Lotus
 to initiate a reciprocal transplant experiment to measure how
 transgenerational effects altered ecological interactions between Lotus,
 Medicago, and insect herbivores. Herbivore leaf damage and Lotus fecundity
 were dependent on both parental and offspring environmental conditions.
 The presence of insect herbivores or Medicago in the parental environment
 resulted in transgenerational changes in herbivore resistance, but these
 effects were non-additive, as a result of indirect effects in the parental
 environment. Indirect transgenerational effects interacted with more
 immediate ecological indirect effects on Lotus fecundity. These results
 suggest that explanations of ecological patterns require an understanding
 of transgenerational effects and that these effects may be difficult to
 predict in species-rich, natural communities where indirect effects are
 prevalent.
description: Survival in Parental
 Plotsparental.txtReciprocal Transplant Experimentoffspring.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kv478
title: Data from: Complex migration and breeding strategies in an elusive bird species illuminated by genetic and isotopic markers

description: Unlike the annual bi-directional movements of over 200 bird species within
 the Palaearctic–Afrotropical region, irregular movements such as irruptive
 migration with a low degree of philopatry are reported for a variety of
 species depending on highly seasonal and unpredictable resources. These
 flexible movements allow for itinerant breeding – consecutive breeding
 attempts in two or more geographically different regions during the same
 annual reproductive cycle. In order to illuminate migratory and breeding
 strategies of the erratic wetland species Baillon's crake Zapornia
 pusilla across the W-Palaearctic–Afrotropical region, we used a set of six
 DNA microsatellites as well as δ2Hf values of individuals sampled at one
 African and four European breeding sites. We investigated the degree of
 genetic population structure within and among different sites and assigned
 individuals’ feathers of unknown origin to their probable moulting (hence
 breeding) site using a likelihood approach. We found three genetic
 clusters, differentiating into one ‘European’ and two ‘African’
 populations. Connectivity between the sampling sites was probable as
 genetic ‘African’ individuals were found in breeding conditions in Europe
 and vice versa. Likewise, assigned moulting locations based on δ2H
 isoscapes suggested trans-continental movements as well as moulting and
 possibly breeding by the same individual both in African and European
 breeding grounds. Both isotopic and genetic data reveal the Baillon's
 crake pursue a complex migration and breeding strategy, allowing as well
 for irruptive movements and itinerant breeding across the
 W-Palaearctic–Afrotropical region. However, a better knowledge about the
 species’ distribution as well as a more comprehensive data set, including
 samples from the southern and eastern boundaries of the distribution area
 would be necessary to improve the spatial resolution to the precision
 required to unambiguously infer migration directions and extent of
 exchange between African and European breeding grounds.
description: Microsatellite data
 Baillons CrakeData of 6 microsatellite
 loci for Baillons Crake Zapornia pusillaMicrosats_Z.pusilla.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q91436s
title: Data from: Electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash pretreated by nitric acid

description: Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ash has high concentration
 of Heavy Metals (HMs) which are hazardous to environment. Moreover, it has
 high pH and buffering capacity which hinders the removal of HMs. Another
 constraining factor is considerable fraction of HMs which existe in
 oxidizable and reducible states. The acid pretreatment of MSWI fly ash is
 key solution to these problem. Therefore, current experiment is carried
 out to evaluate the effect of acid pretreatment of MSWI fly ash and
 reaction/proposed time on removal efficiency of HMS through electrokinetic
 experiment. The leaching experiment results show that acid pretreatment
 has increased the desorption/release of heavy metals ions (Pb2+, Cd2+,
 Cu2+ and Zn2+). It enhances the migration of HMs ions in electrolytic cell
 which get precipitated at cathode thereby increasing the removal
 efficiency of HMS in electrokintic experiment. Moreover, it is found that
 prolonged proposed time (12 d) has significant effect on removal
 efficiency of HMs. Finally, it is concluded that acid pretreatment and
 prolonged proposed time has enhanced the removal electrokinetic
 remediation of HMS which is carried out via three process i.e. desorption
 (enhanced by acidification), migration and precipitation.
description: The original data of
 total content and removal rateThe original data of
 total content and removal rate in different regions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n10d7
title: Data from: The cat-eyed snakes of Madagascar: phylogeny and description of a new species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the tsingy of Ankarana

description: The cat-eyed snakes of the genus Madagascarophis are among the most
 commonly encountered snake species in Madagascar. Yet despite their broad
 distribution and frequent occurrence in human-disturbed habitat,
 Madagascarophis still contains unrecognized species diversity. Here, we
 describe a new species of Malagasy cat-eyed snake from a specimen found in
 the tsingy karst system of Ankarana in northern Madagascar. Using multiple
 loci from all currently described species, including the
 never-before-sequenced M. ocellatus, we delimit a new species and also
 determine its placement within the genus in a Bayesian coalescent
 framework, using BPP and *BEAST, respectively. Our results indicate that
 molecular data are sufficient to delimit this new taxon. These data also
 support its placement as the sister taxon to the recently described M.
 fuchsi which is endemic to the Montagne des Français karst massif also in
 northern Madagascar. We also provide a morphological description of this
 new snake species, which can be readily diagnosed based on external
 morphological characters, and include a species identification key for the
 entire genus based on external morphology.
description: Madagascarophis Nexus
 FilesThree loci used in
 analyses (COI, RAG2, CMOS), including a file for the gene RAG2 that
 includes a heterozygous individual, denoted by allele "A" and
 "B."Madagascarophis_treesThe species tree from *BEAST and the three gene trees (COI, RAG2, CMOS) generated during the *BEAST run.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mf3sp
title: Data from: Predicting rates of isotopic turnover across the animal kingdom: a synthesis of existing data

description: The stable isotopes of carbon (13C /12C) and nitrogen (15N /14N) represent
 powerful tools in food-web ecology, providing a wide range of dietary
 information in animal consumers. However, identifying the temporal window
 over which a consumer's isotopic signature reflects its diet requires
 an understanding of elemental incorporation, a process that varies from
 days to years across species and tissue types. Though theory predicts body
 size and temperature are likely to control incorporation rates, this has
 not been tested empirically across a morphologically and phylogenetically
 diverse range of taxa. Readily available estimates of this relationship
 would, however, aid in the design of stable isotope food-web
 investigations and improve the interpretation of isotopic data collected
 from natural systems. Using literature-derived turnover estimates from
 animal species ranging in size from 1 mg to 2000 kg, we develop a
 predictive tool for stable isotope ecologists, allowing for estimation of
 incorporation rates in the structural tissues of entirely novel taxa. In
 keeping with metabolic scaling theory, we show that isotopic turnover
 rates of carbon and nitrogen in whole organisms and muscle tissue scale
 allometrically with body mass raised approximately to the power -0.19, an
 effect modulated by body temperature. This relationship did not, however,
 apply to incorporation rates in splanchnic tissues, which were instead
 dependent on the thermoregulation tactic employed by an organism, being
 considerably faster in endotherms than ectotherms. We believe the
 predictive turnover equations we provide can improve the design of
 experiments and interpretation of results obtained in future stable
 isotopic food-web studies.
description: Thomas and Crowther
 Isotope Turnover DataThis data set contains C
 and N stable isotope turnover data collected from ~80 published studies.
 Isotopic turnover data from a range of tissues is included, for species
 ranging in size from ~1mg to &gt;2000kg.Final Turnover Data NAs
 Removed.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c73bm2q
title: Data from: Vigilance and the functional response of granivorous foragers

description: 1. Functional response models that predict the relationship between
 feeding rate and food density often include only two behavioural
 parameters, handling time and searching rate. However, vigilance can
 occupy a large proportion of foraging time and, consequently, may affect
 the functional response. Previous functional response models of
 granivorous birds showed no effect of vigilance on predicted feeding
 rates; these models assumed that all of handling time is compatible with
 vigilance and, therefore, overestimated the potential time for cost free
 vigilance to occur. 2. Here we have derived a new functional response
 model that incorporates the proportion of time spent vigilant (v) and the
 proportion of handling time that is compatible with vigilance (p). This
 model allows for the relationship between vigilance and handling to vary
 from completely compatible to mutually exclusive, and degrees in between.
 3. To determine whether vigilance can affect the functional response of a
 granivorous bird, grey partridge Perdix perdix L, we measured the
 functional response and associated behavioural parameters, and used the
 behavioural estimates to parameterize the model. Any deviation from the
 feeding rates predicted using a model without vigilance indicates that
 vigilance is affecting the predicted functional response. 4. We found that
 vigilance only affected the predicted functional response at very low food
 densities (&lt;3 seeds m−2). Simulations show how the potential for
 vigilance to affect feeding rate (i.e. the values of p given v) increases
 as v increases. We parameterized the model using data from chaffinches
 Fringilla coelebs, which were shown to spend &gt;50% of their foraging
 time vigilant, and found that even with a high value of p vigilance
 reduced feeding rates at higher seed densities. 5. This study shows that
 vigilance can affect the feeding rate of a granivorous bird when either
 the proportion of time spent vigilant is high or the proportion of
 compatible handling time is low. This may affect larger scale ecological
 processes, i.e. spatial distribution of foragers and patterns of resource
 depletion, as individuals try to mitigate the effects of vigilance by
 maximizing their feeding rate whilst minimizing their predation risk.
description: Feeding rate and
 associated variables in Grey partridges experimentData were collected in a
 controlled experiment. CSV format file with headings.Baker.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8sf5v66
title: Data from: Use of classical bird census transects as spatial replicates for hierarchical modeling of an avian community

description: New monitoring programs are often designed with some form of temporal
 replication to deal with imperfect detection by means of occupancy models.
 However, classical bird census data from earlier times often lack temporal
 replication, precluding detection-corrected inferences about occupancy.
 Historical data have a key role in many ecological studies intended to
 document range shifts, and so need to be made comparable with present‐day
 data by accounting for detection probability. We analyze a classical bird
 census conducted in the region of Murcia (SE Spain) in 1991 and 1992 and
 propose a solution to estimating detection probability for such historical
 data when used in a community occupancy model: the spatial replication of
 subplots nested within larger plots allows estimation of detection
 probability. In our study, the basic sample units were 1‐km transects,
 which were considered spatial replicates in two aggregation schemes. We
 fit two Bayesian multispecies occupancy models, one for each aggregation
 scheme, and evaluated the linear and quadratic effect of forest cover and
 temperature, and a linear effect of precipitation on species occupancy
 probabilities. Using spatial rather than temporal replicates allowed us to
 obtain individual species occupancy probabilities and species richness
 accounting for imperfect detection. Species‐specific occupancy and
 community size decreased with increasing annual mean temperature. Both
 aggregation schemes yielded estimates of occupancy and detectability that
 were highly correlated for each species, so in the design of future
 surveys ecological reasons and cost‐effective sampling designs should be
 considered to select the most suitable aggregation scheme. In conclusion,
 the use of spatial replication may often allow historical survey data to
 be applied formally hierarchical occupancy models and be compared with
 modern‐day data of the species community to analyze global change process.
description: Avian community
 dataMatrix corresponding to
 sites and avian species for the aggregation schemes AS2x2 and AS3x3. A
 total of 73 avian species were recorded in 1-km spatial transects. The
 number of spatial replicates (J) for each site where the species was
 observed and the different covariates for each site: the percentage of
 forest cover (forest), the annual mean temperature (temp) and the anual
 precipitation (prec).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m90n6
title: Data from: Himalayan Cambrian brachiopods

description: A synoptic analysis of previously published material and new finds reveals
 that Himalayan Cambrian brachiopods can be referred to 18 genera, of which
 17 are considered herein. These contain 20 taxa assigned to species, of
 which five are new: Eohadrotreta haydeni, Aphelotreta khemangarensis,
 Hadrotreta timchristiorum, Prototreta? sumnaensis and Amictocracens?
 brocki. Well-preserved topotype material from the classic Parahio Valley
 section is described for three species that have not previously been
 illustrated photographically. A biostratigraphical scheme based on
 Cambrian brachiopod occurrence is integrated with that recently proposed
 for trilobites. Regional correlations based on shared taxa within and
 across Himalayan lithotectonic belts demonstrate that erosion of Cambrian
 rocks in the Kurgiakh orogeny in the Parahio Valley removed little of the
 Parahio Formation and that all of the fossil-bearing lithotectonic zones
 share similar late early Cambrian brachiopods, suggesting regional faunal
 continuity at the time. Palaeobiogeographical analysis of the Cambrian
 brachiopod faunas from the Himalaya shows that they occupied a marginal
 position of the Australasian segment of Gondwana.
description: Appendix-dryadDetails of the sampled Fossil localities and the Palaeobiogeographical analysis