DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g77m8
title: Data from: Bird responses to lowland rainforest conversion in Sumatran smallholder landscapes, Indonesia

description: Rapid land-use change in the tropics causes dramatic losses in
 biodiversity and associated functions. In Sumatra, Indonesia, lowland
 rainforest has mainly been transformed by smallholders into oil palm
 (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) monocultures,
 interspersed with jungle rubber (rubber agroforests) and a few forest
 remnants. In two regions of the Jambi province, we conducted point counts
 in 32 plots of four different land-use types (lowland rainforest, jungle
 rubber, rubber plantation and oil palm plantation) as well as in 16 nearby
 homegardens, representing a small-scale, traditional agricultural system.
 We analysed total bird abundance and bird abundance in feeding guilds, as
 well as species richness per point count visit, per plot, and per land-use
 system, to unveil the conservation importance and functional responses of
 birds in the different land-use types. In total, we identified 71 species
 from 24 families. Across the different land-use types, abundance did not
 significantly differ, but both species richness per visit and per plot
 were reduced in plantations. Feeding guild abundances between land-use
 types were variable, but homegardens were dominated by omnivores and
 granivores, and frugivorous birds were absent from monoculture rubber and
 oil palm. Jungle rubber played an important role in harbouring forest bird
 species and frugivores. Homegardens turned out to be of minor importance
 for conserving birds due to their low sizes, although collectively, they
 are used by many bird species. Changes in functional composition with
 land-use conversion may affect important ecosystem functions such as
 biological pest control, pollination, and seed dispersal. In conclusion,
 maintaining forest cover, including degraded forest and jungle rubber, is
 of utmost importance to the conservation of functional and taxonomic bird
 diversity.
description: Bird survey
 infoPoint count visit info
 with date, time, cloud coverPlots and Homegardens - survey
 info.csvBird data core
 plotsBirds detected during
 3-4 point count visits inside plots situated in forest, jungle rubber,
 rubber and oil palm plantations. Plot code letters represent the landscape
 (B: Bukit 12, H: Harapan Rainforest), the land-use (F: forest, J: jungle
 rubber, R: rubber, O: oil palm, G: homeGarden), and the replicate. Some
 lines with zero detections were included when the plot was visited but no
 bird was detected.Bird Detections -
 plots.csvBird data
 homegardensBirds detected during
 3-4 point count visits inside plots situated in homegardens of Jambi,
 Sumatra. The stratum and horizontal distance were not recorded in
 homegardens. The used plants were only recorded in homegardens. Plot code
 letters represent the landscape (B: Bukit 12, H: Harapan Rainforest), the
 land-use (F: forest, J: jungle rubber, R: rubber, O: oil palm, G:
 homeGarden), and the replicate.Bird Detections -
 homegardens.csvHomegarden
 plantsPlant species found
 during he homegarden survey. Abundances are approximate above 30
 individuals.Homegardens data,
 anonymousGeneral homegarden data
 (management, vegetation, administrative)Homegardens_anonymous.csvPoint count analysis R scriptAll statistical models and figures can be reproduced with this script.Point count analysis.R