DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gmq
title: Data from: A rapidly evolved shift in life history timing during ecological speciation is driven by the transition between developmental phases

description: For insect species in temperate environments, seasonal timing is often
 governed by the regulation of diapause, a complex developmental program
 that allows insects to weather unfavorable conditions and synchronize
 their lifecycles with available resources. Diapause development consists
 of a series of distinct phases including initiation, maintenance,
 termination, and post-diapause development. The evolution of insect
 seasonal timing depends in part on how these phases of diapause
 development and post-diapause development interact to affect variation in
 phenology. Here, we dissect the physiological basis of a recently evolved
 phenological shift in Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), a model
 system for ecological divergence. A recently derived population of R.
 pomonella shifted from specializing on native hawthorn fruit to earlier
 fruiting introduced apples, resulting in a 3-4 week shift in adult
 emergence timing. We tracked metabolic rates of individual flies across
 post-winter development to test which phases of development may act either
 independently or in combination to contribute to this recently evolved
 divergence in timing. Apple and hawthorn flies differed in a number of
 facets of their post-winter developmental trajectories. However, divergent
 adaptation in adult emergence phenology in these flies was due almost
 entirely to the end of the pupal diapause maintenance phase, with
 post-diapause development having a very small effect. The relatively
 simple underpinnings of variation in adult emergence phenology suggest
 that further adaptation to seasonal change in these flies for this trait
 might be largely due to the timing of diapause termination unhindered by
 strong covariance among different components of post-diapause development.
description: Respirometry data Data are trajectories of
 mass adjusted post-winter metabolic rates for <em>Rhagoeltis
 pomonella</em> flies representing two symaptric host races (apple
 and hawthorn) collected in Urbana, Illinois, USA measured via stop-flow
 respirometry. Values in columns labelled "R_dayX" are the
 metabolic rates (VCO<sub>2</sub>)  measured for day X in
 mlCO<sub>2</sub>/hr/mg.  Eclosion time represents the time in
 days after removal from simulated winter conditions that the adult fly
 emerged from its puparium. In Experiment 1, flies were measured after
 removal from simulated winter conditions every 48 hours until adult
 emergence. In Experiment 2, flies were first measured in cold, simulated
 winter conditions and then every 24 hours for 12 days and subsequently
 monitored for adult emergence.  For a detailed description of the
 respriromety methods and rearing conditions, please refer to the
 associated research article in the Journal of Evolutionary
 Biology.
description: Missing values (typically due to respirometry errors) are
 designated as "NA." Measurements for time points after adult
 emergence for each fly are also designated as "NA" for machine
 readability.