cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14459/2022mp1689576
title: Characteristics of neurocysticercosis in eastern Africa

description: This dataset includes data from four cross-sectional studies on neurocysticercosis and epilepsy in three eastern African countries (Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda). Data include demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of 1,005 people with epilepsy. This study was funded by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft) within the research grant (WI 3427/1-1) “Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa”, and by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant number: 1017886; title: “Integrated Control of Cysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa”).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19780180
title: Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ICD-10 substance use codes in a cohort of substance use-related endocarditis patients

description: <i>Background:</i> Healthcare databases have the potential to become efficient tools for epidemiological research in People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). The validity of ICD-10 codes for specific substances in this population has not been assessed. <i>Objectives:</i> Validate ICD-10 diagnosis codes relating to the use of specific substance classes in a cohort of endocarditis patients. <i>Methods:</i> Our study sample consisted of 379 first-episode infective endocarditis patients (Male: 208, Female: 171), aged 18–55, admitted to any of three hospitals in London, Ontario from 2007 to 2018. Of these, 287 used drugs. We validated ICD-10 substance use codes for opioids (F11), stimulants (F15), cocaine (F14) and multiple substances (F19). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated for each code, using self-reported substance use documented on medical record review as a gold standard. We conducted a comparative analysis between code-negative users and code-positive users for each substance. <i>Results:</i> All substance use codes shared the same pattern: high specificity, high PPV and low sensitivity, with code F11 yielding the highest PPV (96.3%; 95% C.I.: 90.8–98.6) and sensitivity (42.6%; 95% C.I. 36.3–49.1). The code-positives and code-negatives for each substance did not differ significantly in any characteristics compared. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results suggest that the individual ICD-10 codes analyzed should not be used for research without adjustment for low sensitivity. However, due to high PPV and specificity, these codes may still have potential for research use. Because code-negative patients did not differ from code-positive patients, their data may be extrapolated to the overall group of substance users.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21270450
title: Differential patterns of opioid misuse between younger and older adults – a retrospective observational study using data from South Carolina’s prescription drug monitoring program

description: <i>Background:</i> Most research on opioid misuse focuses on younger adults, yet opioid-related mortality has risen fastest among older Americans over age 55. <i>Objectives:</i> To assess whether there are differential patterns of opioid misuse over time between younger and older adults and whether South Carolina’s mandatory Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) affected opioid misuse differentially between the two groups. <i>Methods:</i> We used South Carolina’s Reporting and Identification Prescription Tracking System from 2010 to 2018 to calculate an opioid misuse score for 193,073 patients (sex unknown) using days’ supply, morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and the numbers of unique prescribers and dispensaries. Multivariable regression was used to assess differential opioid misuse patterns by age group over time and in response to implementation of South Carolina’s mandatory PDMP in 2017. <i>Results:</i> We found that between 2011 and 2018, older adults received 57% (<i>p</i> &lt; .01) more in total MME and 25.4 days more (<i>p</i> &lt; .01) in supply, but received prescriptions from fewer doctors (−0.063 doctors, <i>p</i> &lt; 01) and pharmacies (−0.11 pharmacies, <i>p</i> &lt; 01) per year versus younger adults. However, older adults had lower odds of receiving a high misuse score (OR 0.88, <i>p</i> &lt; .01). After the 2017 legislation, misuse scores fell among younger adults (OR 0.79, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) relative to 2011, but not among older adults. <i>Conclusion:</i> Older adults may misuse opioids differently compared to younger adults. Assessment of policies to reduce opioid misuse should take into account subgroup differences that may be masked at the population level.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21270450.v1
title: Differential patterns of opioid misuse between younger and older adults – a retrospective observational study using data from South Carolina’s prescription drug monitoring program

description: <i>Background:</i> Most research on opioid misuse focuses on younger adults, yet opioid-related mortality has risen fastest among older Americans over age 55. <i>Objectives:</i> To assess whether there are differential patterns of opioid misuse over time between younger and older adults and whether South Carolina’s mandatory Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) affected opioid misuse differentially between the two groups. <i>Methods:</i> We used South Carolina’s Reporting and Identification Prescription Tracking System from 2010 to 2018 to calculate an opioid misuse score for 193,073 patients (sex unknown) using days’ supply, morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and the numbers of unique prescribers and dispensaries. Multivariable regression was used to assess differential opioid misuse patterns by age group over time and in response to implementation of South Carolina’s mandatory PDMP in 2017. <i>Results:</i> We found that between 2011 and 2018, older adults received 57% (<i>p</i> &lt; .01) more in total MME and 25.4 days more (<i>p</i> &lt; .01) in supply, but received prescriptions from fewer doctors (−0.063 doctors, <i>p</i> &lt; 01) and pharmacies (−0.11 pharmacies, <i>p</i> &lt; 01) per year versus younger adults. However, older adults had lower odds of receiving a high misuse score (OR 0.88, <i>p</i> &lt; .01). After the 2017 legislation, misuse scores fell among younger adults (OR 0.79, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) relative to 2011, but not among older adults. <i>Conclusion:</i> Older adults may misuse opioids differently compared to younger adults. Assessment of policies to reduce opioid misuse should take into account subgroup differences that may be masked at the population level.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19780180.v1
title: Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ICD-10 substance use codes in a cohort of substance use-related endocarditis patients

description: <i>Background:</i> Healthcare databases have the potential to become efficient tools for epidemiological research in People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). The validity of ICD-10 codes for specific substances in this population has not been assessed. <i>Objectives:</i> Validate ICD-10 diagnosis codes relating to the use of specific substance classes in a cohort of endocarditis patients. <i>Methods:</i> Our study sample consisted of 379 first-episode infective endocarditis patients (Male: 208, Female: 171), aged 18–55, admitted to any of three hospitals in London, Ontario from 2007 to 2018. Of these, 287 used drugs. We validated ICD-10 substance use codes for opioids (F11), stimulants (F15), cocaine (F14) and multiple substances (F19). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated for each code, using self-reported substance use documented on medical record review as a gold standard. We conducted a comparative analysis between code-negative users and code-positive users for each substance. <i>Results:</i> All substance use codes shared the same pattern: high specificity, high PPV and low sensitivity, with code F11 yielding the highest PPV (96.3%; 95% C.I.: 90.8–98.6) and sensitivity (42.6%; 95% C.I. 36.3–49.1). The code-positives and code-negatives for each substance did not differ significantly in any characteristics compared. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results suggest that the individual ICD-10 codes analyzed should not be used for research without adjustment for low sensitivity. However, due to high PPV and specificity, these codes may still have potential for research use. Because code-negative patients did not differ from code-positive patients, their data may be extrapolated to the overall group of substance users.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14587957
title: Oligocene–Miocene dinoflagellate cysts from the San Gregorio Formation, La Purísima area, Baja California Sur, Mexico

description: Dinoflagellate cysts from the LB-5 core in the San Gregorio Formation (SGF) from the La Purísima area, Baja California Sur, Mexico, limit the age of the studied succession to Oligocene–Miocene (28–20 Ma). Our results allow correlation of this core with the type locality and another well-dated sections of the SGF in the region, namely the nearby La Purísima section, with an unequivocal Oligocene–Miocene boundary (O/M – 23 Ma). Lithology and dinoflagellate cyst data indicate mainly marine sedimentary environments, with a transgression from continental at the base to upper bathyal (200–500 m) in the O/M level (∼243 m), and a regression towards the top of the unit. Dinoflagellate cysts are virtually absent in some intervals, probably due to oxidation during diagenesis. The abundance of heterotrophic taxa during intervals with high cyst concentrations indicates that palynological preservation was adequate for quantitative analyses in the rest of the samples. Samples with dinoflagellate cyst concentrations &gt;2000 cysts/gram of sediment (c/g sed), the abundance of heterotrophic taxa, and the presence of phosphoritic layers and diatomites indicate high biogenic productivity during the deposition of the SGF. Intense upwelling conditions in the area are probably associated with the cold events Mi-1 (∼23 Ma) near the O/M and Mi-1a (∼21.7 Ma) at ca. 170 m depth. Quantitative dinoflagellate cyst data in the LB-5 core suggest lower productivity (mean = 203 c/g sed) in the Oligocene than during the Miocene (mean = 848 c/g sed) interval. The absolute abundances of the Miocene intervals indicate similar dinoflagellate cyst concentrations in the LB-5 core and modern samples from the Pescadero Basin in the southern Gulf of California.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14587957.v2
title: Oligocene–Miocene dinoflagellate cysts from the San Gregorio Formation, La Purísima area, Baja California Sur, Mexico

description: Dinoflagellate cysts from the LB-5 core in the San Gregorio Formation (SGF) from the La Purísima area, Baja California Sur, Mexico, limit the age of the studied succession to Oligocene–Miocene (28–20 Ma). Our results allow correlation of this core with the type locality and another well-dated sections of the SGF in the region, namely the nearby La Purísima section, with an unequivocal Oligocene–Miocene boundary (O/M – 23 Ma). Lithology and dinoflagellate cyst data indicate mainly marine sedimentary environments, with a transgression from continental at the base to upper bathyal (200–500 m) in the O/M level (∼243 m), and a regression towards the top of the unit. Dinoflagellate cysts are virtually absent in some intervals, probably due to oxidation during diagenesis. The abundance of heterotrophic taxa during intervals with high cyst concentrations indicates that palynological preservation was adequate for quantitative analyses in the rest of the samples. Samples with dinoflagellate cyst concentrations &gt;2000 cysts/gram of sediment (c/g sed), the abundance of heterotrophic taxa, and the presence of phosphoritic layers and diatomites indicate high biogenic productivity during the deposition of the SGF. Intense upwelling conditions in the area are probably associated with the cold events Mi-1 (∼23 Ma) near the O/M and Mi-1a (∼21.7 Ma) at ca. 170 m depth. Quantitative dinoflagellate cyst data in the LB-5 core suggest lower productivity (mean = 203 c/g sed) in the Oligocene than during the Miocene (mean = 848 c/g sed) interval. The absolute abundances of the Miocene intervals indicate similar dinoflagellate cyst concentrations in the LB-5 core and modern samples from the Pescadero Basin in the southern Gulf of California.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14909886.v1
title: <i>Phelodinium fensomei</i> sp. nov.: a protoperidineacean dinoflagellate cyst from the lower Paleocene (Danian) of the Oyster Bay Formation, Vancouver Island, Canada

description: <i>Phelodinium fensomei</i> is a new species of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst described from the Appian Way section of the Oyster Bay Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. <i>Phelodinium fensomei</i> sp. nov. differs from other species of <i>Phelodinium</i> in its unique combination of characters including an elongate epicyst, bilobate endocyst antapex, and microgranulate to verrucate surface ornamentation. The species occurs exclusively within Dinoflagellate Cyst Zone D4 of the Oyster Bay Formation along with the Danian indicator taxon <i>Danea californica</i>. This is also the first study to perform scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescence analysis on a specimen belonging to the protoperidinioid genus <i>Phelodinium</i>, revealing minute features and a negative response to ultraviolet light exposure, indicating a heterotrophic feeding strategy for the motile cell. Although <i>P. fensomei</i> sp. nov. occurs at markedly low relative and absolute abundances in the examined interval, it is restricted to strata of Danian age suggesting potential biostratigraphic utility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14909886
title: <i>Phelodinium fensomei</i> sp. nov.: a protoperidineacean dinoflagellate cyst from the lower Paleocene (Danian) of the Oyster Bay Formation, Vancouver Island, Canada

description: <i>Phelodinium fensomei</i> is a new species of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst described from the Appian Way section of the Oyster Bay Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. <i>Phelodinium fensomei</i> sp. nov. differs from other species of <i>Phelodinium</i> in its unique combination of characters including an elongate epicyst, bilobate endocyst antapex, and microgranulate to verrucate surface ornamentation. The species occurs exclusively within Dinoflagellate Cyst Zone D4 of the Oyster Bay Formation along with the Danian indicator taxon <i>Danea californica</i>. This is also the first study to perform scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescence analysis on a specimen belonging to the protoperidinioid genus <i>Phelodinium</i>, revealing minute features and a negative response to ultraviolet light exposure, indicating a heterotrophic feeding strategy for the motile cell. Although <i>P. fensomei</i> sp. nov. occurs at markedly low relative and absolute abundances in the examined interval, it is restricted to strata of Danian age suggesting potential biostratigraphic utility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14587957.v1
title: Oligocene-Miocene dinoflagellate cysts from the San Gregorio Formation, La Purisima area, Baja California Sur, Mexico

description: Dinoflagellate cysts from the LB-5 core in the San Gregorio Formation (SGF) from the La Purísima area, Baja California Sur, Mexico, limit the studied successions age to Oligocene-Miocene (28-20 Ma). Our results allow correlation of this core with the type locality and another well-dated section of the SGF in the region, namely the nearby La Purisima section, with an unequivocal Oligocene-Miocene boundary (O/M - 23 Ma). Lithology and dinoflagellate cyst data indicate mainly marine sedimentary environments, with a transgression from continental at the base to upper bathyal (200-500 m) in the O/M level (∼ 243 m), and a regression towards the top of the unit. Dinoflagellate cysts are virtually absent in some intervals, probably due to oxidation during diagenesis. The abundance of heterotrophic taxa during intervals with high cyst concentrations indicates that palynological preservation was adequate for quantitative analyses in the rest of the samples. Samples with dinoflagellate cyst concentrations &gt;2,000 cysts/gram of sediment (c/g sed), the abundance of heterotrophic taxa, plus the presence of phosphoritic layers and diatomites, indicate high biogenic productivity during the deposition of the SGF. Intense upwelling conditions in the area are probably associated with the cold events Mi-1 (∼23 Ma) near the O/M and the Mi-1a (∼21.7 Ma) at ca. 170 m depth. Quantitative dinoflagellate cyst data in the LB-5 core suggest lower productivity (mean =203 c/g sed) in the Oligocene than during the Miocene (mean =848 c/g sed) interval. The absolute abundances of the Miocene intervals indicate similar dinoflagellate cyst concentrations in the LB-5 core and modern samples from the Pescadero Basin in the southern Gulf of California.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14603828
title: Monsoonal climatic reconstruction from Central India during the last ca. 3600 cal yr: signatures of global climatic events, based on lacustrine sediment pollen records

description: Pollen analyses of a 90 cm deep lacustrine sediment profile from the Mahasamund District of Chhattisgarh State, central India demonstrated that between ca. 3600 and 2500 cal yr BP (Neoglacial climate interval), open forest vegetation occupied the landscape in the region under a dry climate, probably indicating reduced monsoon (the Indian Summer Monsoon: ISM) rainfall. Further, the open forest vegetation was succeeded by a mixed tropical deciduous forest between ca. 2500 and 1650 cal yr BP (∼550 BC to AD ∼300) under a warm and humid climate with increased monsoon rainfall. The warming period and an amelioration of climate (strong ISM condition) is comparable to the Roman Warm Period (RWP), recorded globally between 2500–1600 cal yr BP (∼550 BC to AD ∼350), and also known as the ‘Golden Age of India’ owing to increased agricultural output, trade commerce and socio-economic prosperity in India. Subsequently, between ca. 1650 and 950 cal yr BP (AD ∼300–1000), the existing mixed tropical deciduous forest transformed into an open mixed tropical deciduous forest under a warm and relatively less humid climate with reduced monsoon rainfall, correlatable with the Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP). Finally, between ca. 950 cal yr BP to the present (AD 1000 onwards), mixed tropical deciduous forest again came into existence and occupied the landscape around the study area under a warm and relatively more humid climate with intensification of the monsoon rainfall, corresponds with the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), which is known between AD 740 and 1150 worldwide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14973919
title: A morphological comparison of two cladopyxidacean dinoflagellates: the extant <i>Micracanthodinium setiferum</i> and the fossil <i>Cladopyxidium saeptum</i> (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales)

description: Among dinoflagellates, extant cladopyxidaceans may provide a missing link to better understand the first evolutionary transformations from ancestral configurations toward the more abundant and more derived patterns in Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales. A restudy of the extant, motile-defined <i>Micracanthodinium setiferum</i> using plankton samples from the Indian and Atlantic oceans and the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates that the correct plate formula is Po, Pt, X, 3′ + *4′, 4a, 7′′, 7C, 4S, ?6′′′, 0p, 2′′′′. A ventral pore is found between 1′, 3′ and *4′. A restudy of the extinct, fossil-defined <i>Cladopyxidium saeptum</i> from the upper Paleocene of Delaware (USA), demonstrated the presence of an identical tabulation. A ventral pore (= porichnion) was positioned between *1′ and 7′′. <i>Cladopyxidium</i> is morphologically closer to <i>Micracanthodinium</i> than to <i>Cladopyxis</i>. Since <i>Cladopyxidium</i> has been extinct since the middle Eocene, it is unlikely that <i>Micracanthodinium</i> and <i>Cladopyxidium</i> have a direct biological link; the close morphological similarity between them does, however, suggest an important phylogenetic relationship between them in the evolution of cladopyxidaceans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14973919.v2
title: A morphological comparison of two cladopyxidacean dinoflagellates: the extant <i>Micracanthodinium setiferum</i> and the fossil <i>Cladopyxidium saeptum</i> (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales)

description: Among dinoflagellates, extant cladopyxidaceans may provide a missing link to better understand the first evolutionary transformations from ancestral configurations toward the more abundant and more derived patterns in Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales. A restudy of the extant, motile-defined <i>Micracanthodinium setiferum</i> using plankton samples from the Indian and Atlantic oceans and the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates that the correct plate formula is Po, Pt, X, 3′ + *4′, 4a, 7′′, 7C, 4S, ?6′′′, 0p, 2′′′′. A ventral pore is found between 1′, 3′ and *4′. A restudy of the extinct, fossil-defined <i>Cladopyxidium saeptum</i> from the upper Paleocene of Delaware (USA), demonstrated the presence of an identical tabulation. A ventral pore (= porichnion) was positioned between *1′ and 7′′. <i>Cladopyxidium</i> is morphologically closer to <i>Micracanthodinium</i> than to <i>Cladopyxis</i>. Since <i>Cladopyxidium</i> has been extinct since the middle Eocene, it is unlikely that <i>Micracanthodinium</i> and <i>Cladopyxidium</i> have a direct biological link; the close morphological similarity between them does, however, suggest an important phylogenetic relationship between them in the evolution of cladopyxidaceans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14973919.v1
title: A morphological comparison of two cladopyxidacean dinoflagellates: the extant <i>Micracanthodinium setiferum</i> and the fossil <i>Cladopyxidium saeptum</i> (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales)

description: Among dinoflagellates, extant cladopyxidaceans may provide a missing link to better understand the first evolutionary transformations from ancestral configurations toward the more abundant and more derived patterns in Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales. A restudy of the extant, motile-defined <i>Micracanthodinium setiferum</i> using plankton samples from the Indian and Atlantic oceans and the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates that the correct plate formula is Po, Pt, X, 3′ + *4′, 4a, 7′′, 7C, 4S, ?6′′′, 0p, 2′′′′. A ventral pore is found between 1′, 3′ and *4′. A restudy of the extinct, fossil-defined <i>Cladopyxidium saeptum</i> from the upper Paleocene of Delaware (USA), demonstrated the presence of an identical tabulation. A ventral pore (= porichnion) was positioned between *1′ and 7′′. <i>Cladopyxidium</i> is morphologically closer to <i>Micracanthodinium</i> than to <i>Cladopyxis</i>. Since <i>Cladopyxidium</i> has been extinct since the middle Eocene, it is unlikely that <i>Micracanthodinium</i> and <i>Cladopyxidium</i> have a direct biological link; the close morphological similarity between them does, however, suggest an important phylogenetic relationship between them in the evolution of cladopyxidaceans.