cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.35bk0
title: Data from: Across species-pool aggregation alters grassland productivity and diversity

description: Plant performance is determined by the balance of intra- and interspecific
 neighbors within an individual's zone of influence. If individuals
 interact over smaller scales than the scales at which communities are
 measured, then altering neighborhood interactions may fundamentally affect
 community responses. These interactions can be altered by changing the
 number (species richness), abundances (species evenness), and positions
 (species pattern) of the resident plant species, and we aimed to test
 whether aggregating species at planting would alter effects of species
 richness and evenness on biomass production at a common scale of
 observation in grasslands. We varied plant species richness (2, 4, or 8
 species and monocultures), evenness (0.64, 0.8, or 1.0), and pattern
 (planted randomly or aggregated in groups of four individuals) within 1 ×
 1 m plots established with transplants from a pool of 16 tallgrass prairie
 species and assessed plot-scale biomass production and diversity over the
 first three growing seasons. As expected, more species-rich plots produced
 more biomass by the end of the third growing season, an effect associated
 with a shift from selection to complementarity effects over time.
 Aggregating conspecifics at a 0.25-m scale marginally reduced biomass
 production across all treatments and increased diversity in the most even
 plots, but did not alter biodiversity effects or richness–productivity
 relationships. Results support the hypothesis that fine-scale species
 aggregation affects diversity by promoting species coexistence in this
 system. However, results indicate that inherent changes in species
 neighborhood relationships along grassland diversity gradients may only
 minimally affect community (meter) – scale responses among similarly
 designed biodiversity–ecosystem function studies. Given that species
 varied in their responses to local aggregation, it may be possible to use
 such species-specific results to spatially design larger-scale grassland
 communities to achieve desired diversity and productivity responses.
description: Biomass, Biodiversity
 Effects, and Diversity for all three yearsSPACEdata_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5m083
title: Data from: Are shy individuals less behaviorally variable? Insights from a captive population of mouse lemurs

description: Increasingly, individual variation in personality has become a focus of
 behavioral research in animal systems. Boldness and shyness, often
 quantified as the tendency to explore novel situations, are seen as
 personality traits important to the fitness landscape of individuals. Here
 we tested for individual differences within and across contexts in
 behavioral responses of captive mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) to novel
 objects, novel foods, and handling. We report consistent differences in
 behavioral responses for objects and handling. We also found that the
 responses to handling and novel objects were correlated and repeatable.
 Lastly, we show that shyer individuals may show less variability in their
 behavioral responses. This study provides new information on the potential
 for behavioral syndromes in this species and highlights differences in the
 degree to which behavioral types (e.g., shy/bold) vary in their behavioral
 responses.
description: Microcebus murinus
 behavioral responsesThis data was collected
 from captive animals housed at Duke Lemur Center in Durham, NC. We provide
 information on the individual (age class, sex), the number of times the
 individual was handled, a mean (+/- SD) for the agitation index (AI), the
 log of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the agitation index (AI).
 Additionally we provide the following values measured in seconds: Mean
 Latency to Approach Control Object, Mean Latency to Approach Novel Object,
 Mean Latency to Grab and Consume Control Food, Mean Latency to Grab and
 Consume Novel FoodMM_Behavioral
 responses.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mp6d3
title: Data from: Ecosystem-scale impacts of non-timber forest product harvesting: effects on soil nutrients

description: 1. The harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is a global
 phenomenon, the sustainability of which has been studied for many species
 at the individual and population level. However, the broader scale impacts
 of NTFP harvesting have been acknowledged but rarely examined. 2. We
 assessed plant size and the soil attributes undercanopy and in the open,
 in replicate, paired harvested and non-harvested sites for three NTFPs
 differing in the extent of biomass removed, i.e. timber for firewood from
 a tree (Acacia karroo), fruits from a cactus (Opunita ficus-indica) and
 flowering culms from a grass (Cymbopogon marginatus). Soil variables
 tested included pH, resistivity, P, total N, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium
 nitrogen, K, Na, Ca and Mg. 3. The extent of loss of soil nutrients
 decreased across the three NTFPs relative to the proportion of biomass
 removed. Thus, significant differences in more soil variables were evident
 for the firewood species, least for the fruit species and intermediate for
 the grass species. Lower soil pH, P, C and K were evident in soils
 collected underneath A. karroo, whilst losses in cations of Na, Ca and Mg
 were reported in soils underneath C. marginatus, and only NO3N losses were
 recorded underneath O. ficus-indica. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our
 study reveals that whilst non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting may
 affect soil nutrients, this is not uniform between species and is likely
 to be a function of the extent of biomass removed and harvesting
 frequency. This indicates the need for caution in generalisations about
 the ecosystem-level impacts of NTFP harvesting as well as a concerted
 effort to better understand impacts at a greater range of scales than has
 been the case to date.09-Feb-2017
description: Ruwanza & Shackleton
 Raw dataExcel file with two
 folders. the first folder reports on the soil nutrients characteristics at
 each sample. The second folder reports on the plant dimensions per sample
 site. Each column has a descriptive header and the units are
 displayed.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jc6r4
title: Data from: A new Pliosaurus species (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: new insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology

description: Abstract.—Most species of the genus Pliosaurus come from the Northern
 Hemisphere, however a growing number of new specimens are now available
 from the Southern Hemisphere. Here a new species of Pliosaurus is
 described, the second for the genus from the Southern Hemisphere,
 collected from the upper Tithonian (Jurassic) levels of the Vaca Muerta
 Formation, Neuquén Province. Pliosaurus almanzai n. sp. is characterized
 by two autapomophies: angular participating in the mandibular symphysis
 and occipital condyle without a notochordal pit or several,
 irregularly-arranged grooves. Additionally P. almanzai can be
 differentiated from other Pliosaurus species by the following characters:
 trihedral teeth; nine or more symphyseal alveoli; 15-17 post symphyseal
 alveoli; and parasphenoid without ventral keel. Pliosaurus almanzai n. sp.
 shows that Pliosaurus species with nine or more 9 symphyseal alveoli
 persisted until the late Tithonian, contrary to previous assumptions that
 only species with six symphyseal alveoli were present.
description: OGorman et al., _Pl.
 almanzai_SuppData set used in the
 phylogenetic analysis modified from Benson et al., 2013 "Benson, R.
 B., Evans, M., Smith, A. S., Sassoon, J., Moore-Faye, S., Ketchum, H. F.,
 & Forrest, R. (2013). A giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic
 of England. PLOS One, 8(5), e65989"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kh550nq
title: Data from: Pre-basic molt, feather quality and modulation of the adrenocortical response to stress in two populations of Rufous-collared sparrows, Zonotrichia capensis

description: Molt is an energetically expensive process in which birds may allocate 25%
 or more of their body protein mass to the production of new feathers.
 Stressful events can interfere with feather growth via the adrenal hormone
 corticosterone, which is released in response to environmental stress.
 Corticosterone release, in turn, regulates gluconeogenesis which could
 directly inhibit protein synthesis and deposition during molt when
 feathers are growing, which potentially could reduce feather quality
 dramatically. Thus, many species suppress the adrenocortical stress
 response, and therefore maintain lower corticosterone levels during molt.
 In this study we assessed the relationship between plasma corticosterone
 levels and feather quality in rufous-collared sparrow inhabiting the
 valleys of the Atacama Desert – one of the most stable and aseasonal
 environments in the world, and in the semiarid and seasonal Fray Jorge
 National Park in the north of Chile. We tested two hypotheses; i) feather
 quality is positively related to the amount of corticosterone suppression
 during molt, relative to corticosterone levels during other life history
 stages; and, ii) feather quality is negatively related to the absolute
 levels of corticosterone. We found negative associations between
 corticosterone levels and feather quality. However, these effects were
 stronger in the Atacama Desert where birds showed minimal corticosterone
 suppression and overall low feather quality. Although we found better
 feather quality in Fray Jorge, corticosterone suppression in these birds
 was relatively low in comparison with other species inhabiting higher
 latitudes. It is possible that birds in a highly variable environment face
 a stronger trade-off between feather quality and the stress-response. Our
 results suggest that the strength of the trade-off between feather quality
 and corticosterone levels could be dependent on energetic demands,
 seasonality, and unpredictable events.
description: DRYADData on feather quality
 of Zonotrichia capensis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.18157
title: Data from: Integrating regulatory surveys and citizen science to map outbreaks of forest diseases: acute oak decline in England and Wales

description: The number of emerging tree diseases has increased rapidly in recent
 times, with severe environmental and economic consequences. Systematic
 regulatory surveys to detect and establish the distribution of pests are
 crucial for successful management efforts, but resource intensive and
 costly. Volunteers who identify potential invasive species can form an
 important early warning network in tree health, however, what these data
 can tell us and how they can be best used to inform and direct official
 survey effort is not clear. Here we use an extensive dataset on Acute Oak
 Decline (AOD) as an opportunity to ask how verified data received from the
 public can be utilised. Information on the distribution of AOD was
 available as (i) systematic regulatory surveys conducted throughout
 England and Wales (ii) ad-hoc sightings reported by land owners, land
 managers and members of the public (i.e. ‘self-reported’ cases). By using
 the available self-reported cases at the design stage the systematic
 survey could focus on defining the boundaries of the affected area. This
 maximised the use of available resources and highlights the benefits to be
 gained by developing strategies to enhance volunteer efforts in future
 programs.
description: survey_data_5km_1The attached ascII format file contains locations of all detections (1) and negative locations (0) in a 5 km x 5 km grid. All cells with no data are shown with the value -9999
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kg8tf1s
title: Data from: Insights into VSM diversity and Neoproterozoic biostratigraphy in the light of recent Brazilian discoveries

description: Vase-shaped microfossils occur in dolostone clasts within conglomerates,
 breccias and diamictites of the Neoproterozoic Urucum Formation, Jacadigo
 Group, SW Brazil. Although their taphonomic history is distinct from those
 of other VSM assemblages, morphometric comparison of Urucum fossils with
 five others described previously from North America and Europe show that
 two of the Urucum species --- the long-necked Limeta lageniformis Morais,
 Fairchild and Lahr, 2017 and the funnel-necked Palaeoamphora urucumense
 Morais et al., 2017 occur in the Kwagunt and Callison Lake assemblages, as
 does Pakupaku kabin Riedman, Porter and Calver, 2017 recently described
 from the Togari Group, Tasmania. Obelix rootsii Cohen, Irvine and Strauss,
 2017a (new combination), previously known only from the Callison Lake
 Formation, is documented here from the Kwagunt Formation. In addition,
 Trigonocyrillium horodyskii (Bloeser, 1985) and Bonniea dacruchares
 Porter, Meisterfeld and Knoll 2003, first described from the Kwagunt
 assemblage, have now been found in the Urucum Formation. In light of this
 survey, 16 of the 18 validly described VSM species are now known to occur
 in the Kwagunt Formation and 13 in the Callison Lake Formation, with 12 of
 them shared by both formations. The fact that the Urucum VSM assemblage
 exhibits six of seven species in common with the Kwagunt Formation --- L.
 lageniformis, P. urucumense, Cycliocyrillium simplex Porter et al., 2003,
 C. torquata Porter et al., 2003, B. dacruchares Porter et al., 2003, and
 T. horodyskii (Bloeser, 1985) --- and all but the last of these in common
 with the Callison Lake Formation supports correlation of these three
 assemblages and indicates that the source of the fossiliferous clasts
 within the Urucum Formation may well have been a now vanished late Tonian
 carbonate platform
description: Supplementary material -
 Insights into VSM diversity and Neoproterozoic biostratigraphy in the
 light of recent Brazilian discoveriesList of petrographic
 thin sections containing VSMs from Kwagunt, Callison Lake, Urucum and
 Ryssö formations and Eleonore Bay and Visingsö groups, and tables with
 measurements of different VSMs species.Supplementary material
 JP.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k2611
title: Data from: Quantification of the sit-to-stand movement for monitoring age-related motor deterioration using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board

description: Simple methods for quantitative evaluations of individual motor
 performance are crucial for the early detection of motor deterioration.
 Sit-to-stand movement from a chair is a mechanically demanding component
 of activities of daily living. Here, we developed a novel method using the
 ground reaction force and center of pressure measured from the Nintendo
 Wii Balance Board to quantify sit-to-stand movement (sit-to-stand score)
 and investigated the age-related change in the sit-to-stand score as a
 method to evaluate reduction in motor performance. The study enrolled 503
 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 51.0 ± 19.7 years; range,
 20-88 years; male/female ratio, 226/277) without any known musculoskeletal
 conditions that limit sit-to-stand movement, which were divided into seven
 10-year age groups. The participants were instructed to stand up as
 quickly as possible, and the sit-to-stand score was calculated as the
 combination of the speed and balance indices, which have a tradeoff
 relationship. We also performed the timed up and go test, a well-known
 clinical test used to evaluate an individual's mobility. There were
 significant differences in the sit-to-stand score and timed up and go time
 among age groups. The mean sit-to-stand score for 60s, 70s, and 80s were
 77%, 68%, and 53% of that for the 20s, respectively. The timed up and go
 test confirmed the age-related decrease in mobility of the participants.
 In addition, the sit-to-stand score measured using the Wii balance board
 was compared with that from a laboratory-graded force plate using the
 Bland-Altman plot (bias = −3.1 [ms]-1, 95% limit of agreement: −11.0 to
 3.9 [ms]-1). The sit-to-stand score has good inter-device reliability
 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87). Furthermore, the test-retest
 reliability is substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.64).
 Thus, the proposed STS score will be useful to detect the early
 deterioration of motor performance.
description: Data for age related
 difference in each indexData for age, body
 height weight, TUG time, and STS parameters.age.csvData for test-retest reliabilityData for test-retest reliability in young participants.test-retest reliability.csvData for agreementData for agreement between Wii balance board and laboratory graded force plate.agreement.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j078t
title: Data from: Predator discrimination in the hermit crab Calcinus californiensis: tight for shell breakers, loose for shell peelers

description: Prey exposed to predators with different hunting and feeding modes are
 under different selective pressures, therefore it is expected that they
 should exhibit plastic and adaptive antipredator responses according to
 current risks. The hermit crab Calcinus californiensis faces two
 contrasting predators, the shell peeler Arenaeus mexicanus that hunts by
 active searching and the shell breaker Eriphia squamata that hunts by
 ambush. In order to discover whether C. californiensis displays plastic
 responses depending on the type of predatory challenge, we examined the
 shell size preference, the hiding time, and the escape velocity of hermit
 crabs in the presence of chemical cues from a shell peeler, a shell
 breaker, and a control. We also examined the role of shell fit on the
 escape velocity of the hermit crabs in natural tidal pools. Crabs chose
 shells with a loose fit (relatively large shells) in the presence of
 chemical cues from the shell peeler Arenaeus and shells with a tight fit
 when exposed to cues from the shell breaker Eriphia. The hermit crabs hid
 for shorter times and moved away faster from Eriphia than from Arenaeus
 stimulus. The use of a tight shell favours faster movement away from the
 shell breaker (pre-capture strategy), but prevents the crab retracting
 deeper inside the shell, increasing the risk of be eaten by the shell
 peeler once captured. Hence, the use of loose shells that protect the crab
 from the shell peeler hinders fast escape. This study shows specific and
 plastic antipredatory responses to contrasting predators, each bringing
 adaptive benefits at different levels of the predator sequence.
description: Dryad Oikos
 2017The excel file contains
 three sheets, one for each section of the document, a) Shell preference,
 b) Hiding and escaping in the presence of different predator cues, and c)
 Escape velocity in natural tide pools.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s3vq7
title: Data from: The costs of a big brain: extreme encephalization results in higher energetic demand and reduced hypoxia tolerance in weakly electric African fishes

description: A large brain can offer several cognitive advantages. However, brain
 tissue has an especially high metabolic rate. Thus, evolving an enlarged
 brain requires either a decrease in other energetic requirements, or an
 increase in overall energy consumption. Previous studies have found
 conflicting evidence for these hypotheses, leaving the metabolic costs and
 constraints in the evolution of increased encephalization unclear.
 Mormyrid electric fishes have extreme encephalization comparable to that
 of primates. Here, we show that brain size varies widely among mormyrid
 species, and that there is little evidence for a trade-off with organ
 size, but instead a correlation between brain size and resting oxygen
 consumption rate. Additionally, we show that increased brain size
 correlates with decreased hypoxia tolerance. Our data thus provide a
 non-mammalian example of extreme encephalization that is accommodated by
 an increase in overall energy consumption. Previous studies have found
 energetic trade-offs with variation in brain size in taxa that have not
 experienced extreme encephalization comparable with that of primates and
 mormyrids. Therefore, we suggest that energetic trade-offs can only
 explain the evolution of moderate increases in brain size, and that the
 energetic requirements of extreme encephalization may necessitate
 increased overall energy investment.
description: Sukhum_EnergeticcostsdataThis file contains all the raw data, including dissection weights, behavior videos, and EOD recordings, as well as all R code for analyses used in the paper.Sukhum_EnergeticPaperData.zipHypoxia BrevimyrusHypoxiaBrevimyrus.zipHypoxia_BrienomyrusHypoxia Brienomyrus.zipHypoxia_CampysHypoxia Campys.zipHypoxia_GnathonemusHypoxia Gnathonemus.zipHypoxia_PollimyrusHypoxia Pollimyrus.zipREADME
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f4688
title: Data from: Mindfulness online: a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of a web-based mindfulness course and the impact on stress

description: OBJECTIVES: Stress has been shown to have a number of negative effects on
 health over time. Mindfulness interventions have been shown to decrease
 perceived stress but access to interventions is limited. Therefore, the
 effectiveness of an online mindfulness course for perceived stress was
 investigated. DESIGN: A preliminary evaluation of an online mindfulness
 course. PARTICIPANTS: This sample consisted of 100 self-referrals to the
 online course. The average age of participants was 48 years and 74% were
 women. INTERVENTIONS: The online programme consisted of modules taken from
 Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy
 and lasted for approximately 6 weeks. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME
 MEASURES: Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) before
 the course, after the course and at 1-month follow-up. Completion of
 formal (eg, body scan, mindful movement) and informal (eg, mindful meal,
 noticing) mindfulness activities was self-reported each week. RESULTS:
 Participation in the online mindfulness course significantly reduced
 perceived stress upon completion and remained stable at follow-up. The
 pre-post effect size was equivalent to levels found in other class-based
 mindfulness programmes. Furthermore, people who had higher PSS scores
 before the course reported engaging in significantly more mindfulness
 practice, which was in turn associated with greater decreases in PSS.
 CONCLUSIONS: Because perceived stress significantly decreased with such
 limited exposure to mindfulness, there are implications for the
 accessibility of mindfulness therapies online. Future research needs to
 evaluate other health outcomes for which face-to-face mindfulness
 therapies have been shown to help, such as anxiety and depressive
 symptoms.
description: BMO Data
 DryadBeMindfulOnline.com data
 downloaded as CSV file from admin area of site. Includes perceived stress
 (PSS) scores, meditation practice answers (see ReadMe), gender and date of
 birth (if entered) for initial 100 participantsBMO Dryad
 Data.xlsx