cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82389
title: Service prior to medical surgery, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1949

description: “A medical safari.” Crowd scene with Dr Irvine sitting behind his prescription table, holding an accordion, and beyond gather the congregation. Medical safaris were held on Wednesdays and travelled to one of eight sites around the Chogoria district with dressers, nurses and a car load of drugs. A religious service was performed during the day. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82397
title: Nurse giving injection, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1949

description: “A medical safari.” Portrait of a nurse injecting a patient in the backside as he kneels down. During the Wednesday medical safari Dr Irvine would examine patients and write a prescription which was taken to the dresser or nurse who would give the appropriate treatment. Ulcers, intestinal parasites and malaria where the three main conditions and between 200-300 patients could be seen in the day. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78942
title: Musical Evangelists, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1910

description: “Musical Evangelists.” Group portrait of several musicians with indigenous instruments, including percussion and rhythm instruments, sitar, accordion, and bowed string instruments.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82464
title: Silas Muchina, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1953

description: “Evangelist Silas Mucina [Muchina].” Portrait of an evangelist wearing a suit. Silas Muchina trained as an evangelist at Tumutumu and worked the Chuka district for the Chogoria mission. From 1949 he worked full time with the Revival movement and continued to do so after his retirement in 1955. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82444
title: Bernard Mate teaching, Chogoria, Kenya, 1948

description: “Schools.” Interior view of a classroom with the teacher standing at the back of the class. Mr Bernard Mate went from Chogoria to the Alliance High School, Kikuyu, and in 1941 to Makerere College, Uganda, on a headmaster’s course. In1947 he became Principal of the secondary school at Chogoria. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78840
title: School breakfast, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Breakfast time. Christian Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot”. “Panjab, India”. Exterior view showing a large group of girls sitting around a wooden table with plates and mugs in front of them. The Christian Girls’ Boarding School was established in 1892, with four borders, by the Women’s Association for Foreign Missions. The aim of the Association was to extend women’s access to education and health care. The first head of the school was Miss Mary E. Scorgie, who would move to Daska to marry William Scott, and was replaced by Miss Margaret Black in 1894. The girls at the school were predominantly from a Muslim background and had joined the school by achieving high grades in a village school or having been adopted by the school. The Association would have seven European women working in Sialkot by 1906.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82443
title: Children’s convention, Chogoria, Kenya, 1953

description: “Schools.” ‘Children’s Convention at Chogoria.’ Landscape view showing the grounds at Chogoria where a large number of children have gathered to hear a speaker of a Revival meeting. The Revival Movement had started in Ruanda [Rwanda] and spread across East Africa. Dr Irvine supported the Revival brethren and fellowship meetings were held one or twice a month in most out-schools. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78903
title: Temples in the city of Jammu, India, ca.1890

description: “Jamma Temples.” Townscape looking down an avenue with a number of temples in the distance. . Jammu is known as ‘the city of temples’ and is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Access to the capital was restricted until talks ensued with Prince Amar Singh and the Maharaja which allowed for the opening of a public school. Hari Singh was superintendent of the mission and John F W Youngson (1852-1920) was the Church of Scotland minister. Youngson would later become Moderator of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church, India (1905-6) and have the town of Youngsonabad named in his honour.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78914
title: Street cobbler, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: “A cobbler by the wayside.” Portrait of a man working on repairing shoes at the side of a road. This is one of several photographs showing industries and workers. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78839
title: Girls' School, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Christian Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot”. “Panjab, India”. Group portrait of the students and teachers of the Girls’ School. The Christian Girls’ Boarding School was established in 1892, with four borders, by the Women’s Association for Foreign Missions. The aim of the Association was to extend women’s access to education and health care. The first head of the school was Miss Mary E. Scorgie, who would move to Daska to marry William Scott, and was replaced by Miss Margaret Black in 1894. The girls at the school were predominantly from a Muslim background and had joined the school by achieving high grades in a village school or having been adopted by the school. The Association would have seven European women working in Sialkot by 1906.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78825
title: Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Sialkot city, Panjab, India" Townscape view of Sialkot showing a number of low level buildings constructed in a traditional manner and open fronted shops. Sialkot was a frontier military station, having been annexed by the British in 1849, situated on the fertile plains at the base of the Himalayan range by the Chenab River. When the Church of Scotland chose it as the base for their missionary work in the Punjab in 1857, they sent Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) who was murdered with his family during the Indian Mutiny that same year. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Sialkot and throughout the Punjab. Murray College is perhaps the most important remnant of the Scottish Missions in the city.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78901
title: Market selling sugar cane, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: “Sugar-cane shops, Sialkot.” Street scene of vendors standing with long lengths of sugar cane. ❧ This is one of a series of images showing scenes of farming life in the Punjab. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78907
title: Railway Station, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: “Sialkot Railway Station.” Exterior view of the station and surrounding area. The railway station was established around 1880. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78854
title: Natha Singh, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Natha Singh and his wife". Portrait of a couple standing, on an animal skin, outside a building. Natha Singh was a native evangelist, and Sikh convert, who worked along the Sialkot and Jammu border for the Church of Scotland Mission in the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78915
title: Street Bazaar, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: “The grain bazaar, Sialkot.” Street scene of street traders sitting behind mounds of grain as pedestrians pass. This is one of several photographs showing industries and workers. ❧ The Church of Scotland first established a mission in Sialkot in 1857 with the arrival of the Reverend Thomas Hunter (1827-1857). He, his wife and child were killed during the Sepoy Rebellion when they had failed to take refuge at the Fort of Lahore. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson , would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78905
title: Water tank, Punjab, ca.1890

description: “A Hindoo Tank.” Exterior view of one corner of an irrigation tank with stepped sides, several people sit with clothes drying on the steps. The water tank is an important construction in India for irrigation as well as religious practices, particularly in Hindu customs. ❧ The Punjab had been chosen as the first field in India for the Church of Scotland and after the disruption of the Indian Rebellion the mission rapidly expanded in the Sialkot district. Native evangelists were often at the forefront of the mission expansion and also part of the original group establishing the field. Muhammad Ismail (-1873) accompanied Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) to Sialkot, from Bombay, and worked as an Evangelist there and in Gujrat for many years.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78886
title: Group portrait of boys in the Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: Portrait of a large group of boys outside a building, they are possibly from one of the mission schools, a number of which were set up in the Punjab under the supervision of John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, who arrived in Sialkot in 1860 and represented the Church of Scotland Foreign Mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78836
title: Mission house, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Mission House, Sialkot". "Panjab, India". Exterior view of a house with a large verandah and several of the staff from the Sialkot mission sitting on the steps. Those include Miss Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) and Dr John Hutchison (1848-1936) who both worked tirelessly for the Sialkot mission, and which was central to the work carried out in the rest of the Punjab. They established Christian Girls’ boarding schools, boys’ schools, medical facilities and dispensaries.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78830
title: Elegant House, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Native Gentleman’s House, Sialkot City, Panjab, India”. Exterior view of a large ornate domestic residence. Several individuals stand on the roof balcony. ❧ Sialkot became a frontier military station, having been annexed by the British in 1849. Situated on the fertile plains at the base of the Himalayan range by the Chenab River the city has a long history of occupation. When the Church of Scotland chose it as the base for their missionary work in the Punjab in 1857, they sent Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) who was murdered with his family during the Indian Mutiny that same year. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expanded the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Siallkot and throughout the Punjab. Murray College is perhaps the most important remnant of the Scottish Missions in the city.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78838
title: Girls' School, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Christian Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot (taken before Church)”. “Panjab, India”. Group portrait of the girls and teachers of the Girls’ School posed on the steps at the entrance of the Hunter Memorial Church. The Christian Girls’ Boarding School was established in 1892, with four borders, by the Women’s Association for Foreign Missions. The aim of the Association was to extend women’s access to education and health care. The first head of the school was Miss Mary E. Scorgie, who would move to Daska to marry William Scott, and was replaced by Miss Margaret Black in 1894. The girls at the school were predominantly from a Muslim background and had joined the school by achieving high grades in a village school. The Association would have seven European women working in Sialkot by 1906.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78841
title: Girls' School, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Mohammadan Girls’ School, Sialkot”. “Panjab, India”. Group portrait of young girls wearing traditional dress, some hold books while many others hold dolls. The Women’s Association for Foreign Missions were involved in a number of schools in the Punjab and often these were vernacular schools teaching a wide spectrum curriculum. The Sialkot women’s mission was established by Miss Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) and Miss Mary E. Scorgie (fl.1890) under the authority of the Aberdeen Auxiliary of the Church of Scotland Women’s Association for Foreign Missions. The Women’s Associations main remit was the education of women in India and involved setting up girls’ schools and teaching in zenanas. It also included medical work. Miss Plumb spent 41 years working with the women of India.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/3065528
title: Omicron daily cases by country (COVID-19 variant)
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78837
title: Miss Plumb and ladies, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Christian women, Sialkot". "Panjab, India". Group portrait of Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) and nine indigenous women standing and sitting on the steps at the entrance to a church. The church is most likely to be the Hunter Memorial Church in Sialkot and the women with Miss Plumb are probably mission educated Christians now working with the women’s mission which Miss Plumb ran. She worked with the women of India for 41 years between 1889 and 1930 establishing girls’ schools and teaching in zenanas.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79058
title: Clod Breakers, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Clod Breakers Sialkot.” View of three oxen pulling ploughs through a field with two indigenous men standing behind.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78887
title: School boys, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: Portrait of a large group of boys outside a building, they are possibly from one of the mission schools, a number of which were set up in the Punjab under the supervision of John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, who arrived in Sialkot in 1860 and represented the Church of Scotland Foreign Mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79326
title: Pastor's Daughters, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "The Pastor's daughters set off for school. The Manse is the house built by Miss Small - she spent the days of her retirement in it." Portrait of two young indigenous girls about to walk to school, standing outside the Manse at Nagpur. Miss Small, who had the Manse built, worked at Nagpur for a total of 52 years from 1882 to 1934. She was largely involved with the improvement of education at the site, particularly with St Ursula’s High School, which was recognised by the Government in 1913 and had it’s building improved in 1923.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79356
title: School, Bhandara, India, ca.1937

description: "They arrive at School. Bhandara - Forty miles from Nagpur." External view of young indigenous children arriving at school. Bhandara was a development of the work happening in Nagpur and extended most in the 1880s, with the opening of a new mission station there.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78832
title: Hunter Memorial Church, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Hunter Memorial Church, Sialkot, Panjab, India”. Exterior view of a parish church built in the Victorian Gothic style. The architect was W. B. Harington, executive engineer of the station, and the funds were raised by Mrs Prinsep. The Church was opened on 22 January 1865 by the Rev. Hugh Drennan and nine families of the Meg caste, from Bajwat, were settled on surrounding farmland to establish a local community, Hunterpur. The Church was built in memory of Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) who was murdered with his family during the Indian Rebellion in 1857. Mr Hunter was the first Church of Scotland missionary to the Punjab and had only arrived in Sialkot that year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78842
title: Home Schooling, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Bible woman teaching in zenana, Sialkot”. “Panjab, India”. Interior view showing four women sitting in a crowded room, two on a bed, and each holds an open book. The Women’s Association for Foreign Missions was originally established (1837) to advance female education in India. One of the major problems was gaining access to women whose freedoms where extremely restricted. The zenana was a room, or apartment, in the home where female members would stay in seclusion. The women were also escorted whenever they left the home. The zenana missionaries travelled from house to house giving lessons inside the apartments and were, for obvious reasons, always female teachers. In Sialkot this task was undertaken by Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) who was passionate about women’s rights to education and health.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79152
title: Palace Gate, Samode, India, ca.1901

description: “The Palace Gate, Samodh [Samode]. 8 miles from Chomu [Chomun] and 24 N. of Jaipur.” Samode Palace was originally constructed as a fort in the 16th century, but was later converted into an ornate palace. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79233
title: Missionary’s Tent, Naraina, India, ca.1901

description: “The Missionary’s tent, Narena [Naraina]. The people sit by the tent door to hear the word and get medicine.” External view of Rev. John Traill sitting outside his tent speaking to a small group of people. . John Traill, ordained 1869, came to Jaipur with his wife in 1872. He focused on ecclesiastical organization and preaching. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79172
title: Salt Weighing, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “Salt Weighing, Sambhar.” View of men carving salt out of salt mound while several men put salt into bags. Train boxcars are visible in the background. The salt was extracted from the nearby Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78835
title: Interior, Women’s mission house, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Drawing room, Ladies mission house, Sialkot, Panjab, India”. Interior view showing an early 19th century drawing room with many different floral patterns and a number of framed photographs. The Sialkot Ladies mission was established by Miss Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) and Miss Mary E. Scorgie (fl.1890) under the authority of the Aberdeen Auxiliary of the Church of Scotland Women’s Association for Foreign Missions. The Women’s Associations main remit was the education of women in India and involved setting up girls’ schools and teaching in zenanas. It also included medical work. Miss Plumb would spend 41 years working with the women of India.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78859
title: Fazl Din family portrait, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Fazl Din’s family (Hospital Assistant)”. Group portrait of a couple with three young children posed outside the entrance of the Hunter Memorial Church in Sialkot. Potted plants line the steps up to the entrance. Fazl Din was a hospital assistant and possibly worked at the Hay Memorial Hospital in Sialkot run by the Women’s Association.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79149
title: Main Court, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Main Court (a corner) of the Palace, Chomu [Chomun].” External view of interior of the main court of the palace in Chomun. The main gate is visible on the left. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82318
title: Elders of the church, Chogoria, Kenya, 1935

description: “Dr Irvine & church elders.” Group portrait of church Elders, and Dr Irvine, outside. The Kirk session was approved in 1931 and the first Elders to be ordained, in 1932, were Gerishom Mukangu, Jonathan Muriithi, Musa M’Muga and Willie Kanini. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78849
title: Boys' school, Daska, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Hay Memorial Training School, Daska, Panjab, India”. Group portrait of school boys posed with their teachers outside the main entrance of the school. The sign above the door says, “This training school was erected by his widow in loving memory of Matthew Hay…”. The European couple in the photograph, middle back of the group, are probably William Scott and Mary Elsie Scott. William Scott (1866-1936) spent the greater part of his career in Daska and was Principal of the Boys’ Training School. Daska is situated twenty miles South West of Sialkot.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82465
title: Revival meeting, Chogoria, Kenya, December 1949

description: “Revival chorus.” Group portrait of four men singing. The Chogoria mission supported the Revival movement from the early days. While waiting for everyone to gather for a meeting members would sing the Revival chorus Tũkũgoca Jesu [We are praising Jesus]. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78844
title: Womens' Mission House, Gujrat, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Ladies Mission House, Gujrat, Panjab, India". Exterior view of a building with a large veranda running around it and built in a traditional style. Several women stand at the main entrance. The Women’s Association for Foreign Missions sent their first missionary, Miss E. S. Paterson, to Gujrat in 1888. Unfortunately she had to return home after two years due to ill health. Misses Helen and Mary Mackichan and Miss Hannah Stephenson continued to run the mission with its emphasis on female education and zenana work. Miss Russell, M.B. was responsible for establishing a thriving medical branch and the Dow Memorial Hospital, funded by the Misses Dow of Montreal in memory of their mother, was opened in Gujrat in 1899.