cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6d29p1h
title: Data from: Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes

description: 1. In the context of on-going climatic warming, forest landscapes face
 increasing risk of conversion to non-forest vegetation through alteration
 of their fire regimes and their post-fire recovery dynamics. However, this
 pressure could be amplified or dampened, depending on how fire-driven
 changes to vegetation feed back to alter the extent or behavior of
 subsequent fires. 2. Here we develop a mathematical model to formalize
 understanding of how fire–vegetation feedbacks and the time to forest
 recovery following high-severity (i.e., stand-replacing) fire affect the
 extent and stability of forest cover across landscapes facing altered fire
 regimes. We evaluate responses to increasing burn rates while varying the
 direction (negative vs. positive) of fire–vegetation feedbacks under a
 continuum of values for feedback strength and post-fire recovery time to
 determine how interactions among these variables produce thresholds and
 tipping points in landscape responses to changing fire regimes. 3. Where
 the early-seral vegetation is less fire-prone than older forests, negative
 feedbacks limited the reductions in forest cover in response to increased
 fire frequency or slower forest recovery. By contrast, positive feedbacks
 (more flammable early-seral vegetation) produced a tipping point beyond
 which increased burn rates or slower forest recovery drove extensive
 forest loss. 4. With negative feedbacks, the rates of forest loss and
 expansion in response to variation in fire frequency were similar.
 However, where feedbacks are positive, the conversion from predominantly
 forested to non-forested conditions in response to increased fire
 frequency was faster than the re-expansion of forest cover following a
 return to the initial burn rate. Strengthening the positive feedbacks
 increased this asymmetry. 5. Synthesis. Our analyses elucidate how
 fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates interact to affect
 the trajectories and rates of landscape response to altered fire regimes.
 We illustrate the vulnerability of ecosystems with positive
 fire–vegetation feedbacks to climate change-driven increases in fire
 activity, especially where post-fire recovery is slow. Although negative
 feedbacks initially provide resistance to forest loss with increasing burn
 rates, this resistance is eventually overwhelmed with sufficient increases
 to burn rates relative to recovery times.
description: R code for
 three-dimensional response surfacesSample R code for
 producing response surfaces representing the extent of forest cover along
 gradients of feedback strength and recovery time for a given rate of
 high-severity fireSample_R_code_for_Dryad.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n925d21
title: Data from: Phenotypic integration in an extended phenotype: among‐individual variation in nest‐building traits of the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata)

description: Structures such as nests and burrows are an essential component of many
 organisms’ life-cycle and requires a complex sequence of behaviors.
 Because behaviors can vary consistently among individuals and be
 correlated with one another, we hypothesized that these structures would
 1) show evidence of among-individual variation, 2) be organized into
 distinct functional modules, and 3) show evidence of trade-offs among
 functional modules due to limits on energy budgets. We tested these
 hypotheses using the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, a
 solitary bee and important crop pollinator. M. rotundata constructs
 complex nests by gathering leaf materials to form a linear series of cells
 in pre-existing cavities. In this study, we examined variation in the
 following nest construction traits: reproduction (number of cells per nest
 and nest length), nest protection (cap length and number of leaves per
 cap), cell construction (cell size and number of leaves per cell), and
 cell provisioning (cell mass) from 60 nests. We found a general decline in
 investment in cell construction and provisioning with each new cell built.
 In addition, we found evidence for both repeatability and plasticity in
 cell provisioning with little evidence for trade-offs among traits.
 Instead, most traits were positively, albeit weakly, correlated (r ~
 0.15), and traits were loosely organized into covarying modules. Our
 results show that individual differences in nest construction are
 detectable at a level similar to that of other behavioral traits and that
 these traits are only weakly integrated. This suggests that nest
 components are capable of independent evolutionary trajectories.
description: JEB-2017-00575_main_dataJEB-2017-00575_suppmat_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2mf26f1
title: Data from: Phylogeny meets ecotoxicology: evolutionary patterns of sensitivity to a common insecticide

description: Pesticides commonly occur in aquatic systems and pose a substantial
 challenge to the conservation of many taxa. Ecotoxicology has
 traditionally met this challenge by focusing on short-term, single-species
 tests and conducting risk assessments based on the most sensitive species
 tested. Rarely have ecotoxicology data been examined from an evolutionary
 perspective and to our knowledge there has never been a phylogenetic
 analysis of sensitivity, despite the fact that doing so would provide
 insights into patterns of sensitivity among species and identify which
 clades are the most sensitive to a particular pesticide. We examined
 phylogenetic patterns of pesticide sensitivity in amphibians, a group of
 conservation concern due to global population declines. Using the
 insecticide endosulfan, we combined previously published results across
 seven species of tadpoles and added eight additional species from the
 families Bufonidae, Hylidae, and Ranidae. We found significant
 phylogenetic signal in the sensitivity to the insecticide and in the
 existence of time lag effects on tadpole mortality. Bufonids were less
 sensitive than hylids which were less sensitive than the ranids. Moreover,
 mortality time lags were common in ranids, occasional in hylids, and rare
 in bufonids. These results highlight the importance of an evolutionary
 perspective and offer important insights for conservation.
description: survival
 dataSurvival out of 10
 individuals for the R. sylvatica population and multiple species
 endosulfan experiments. Concentrations are in parts per billion. Data has
 not been smoothed or adjusted for the LC50 estimates.dyrad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rd5k0
title: Data from: Habitat attributes similarities reduce impacts of land-use conversion on seed removal

description: Changes in land use strongly influence habitat attributes (e.g.,
 herbaceous ground cover and tree richness) and can consequently affect
 ecological functions. Most studies have focused on the response of these
 ecological functions to land-use changes within only a single vegetation
 type. These studies have often focused solely on agricultural conversion
 of forests, making it nearly impossible to draw general conclusions across
 other vegetation types or with other land use changes (e.g.,
 afforestation). We examined the consequences of agricultural conversion
 for seed removal by ants in native grassland, savanna, and savanna-forest
 habitats that had been converted to planted pastures (Brachiaria
 decumbens) and tree plantations (Eucalyptus spp.) and explored if changes
 in seed removal were correlated with differences in habitat attributes
 between habitat types. We found that land-use changes affected seed
 removal across the tree cover gradient and that the magnitude of impact
 was influenced by similarity in habitat attributes between native and
 converted habitats, being greater where there was afforestation
 (Eucalyptus spp in grassland and savanna). Herbaceous ground cover, soil
 hardness, and tree richness were the most important habitat attributes
 that correlated with differences in seed removal. Our results reveal that
 the magnitude of impact of land-use changes on seed removal varies
 depending on native vegetation type and is associated with the type of
 habitat attribute change. Our findings have implications for biodiversity
 in tropical grassy systems: afforestation can have a greater detrimental
 impact on ecological function than tree loss.
description: Habitat attribute and
 seed-removing ant samplingData on the habitat
 attribute and the seed-removing ant assemblage in relation to composition,
 percentage of epigaeic ants that removed seeds,ant body size (large and
 small) and percentage of seed removal. All data are separeted by
 vegetation type and habitat type (native (grassland, savanna and
 savanna-forest) and transformed (planted pasture and Eucalyptus
 plantation).Habitatattribute_antassemblage.xlsx
DOI: 10.3217/nzf6d-6q173
title: CFD model for the time-dependent simulation of scale formation of 1.4307 stainless steel

description: This CFD model simulates the transient high-temperature oxidation and scale formation of steel samples under realistic combustion atmospheres in a semi-industrial furnace. The model couples flow, heat transfer, and gas composition with a surface reaction model based on an Arrhenius-type formulation, enabling time-resolved prediction of specific mass gain and oxide layer growth. It accounts explicitly for the influence of temperature and local flue gas composition, including the effects of CH₄/air and CH₄/oxygen combustion environments. The model captures linear-to-parabolic oxidation kinetics and identifies H₂O and CO₂ as dominant reaction partners, providing a predictive tool for studying material degradation and scale growth under industrial reheating air-fuel and oxy–fuel conditions.

 

HOW TO USE THE ANSYS FLUENT MODEL

1) Read .cas file in FLUENT 19R2 (or higher)

2) Read the examplary pre-tabulated chemistry data or create your own data using a reaction mechanism like GRI3.0 or chemical equilibrium and change boundary conditions accordingly

3) Compile the UDF (Air-fuel or oxy-fuel)

3) Run the calculation to obtain the solution data
DOI: 10.3217/yqfkq-xss97
title: CFD model for the time-dependent simulation of scale formation of 1.4307 stainless steel

description: This CFD model simulates the transient high-temperature oxidation and scale formation of steel samples under realistic combustion atmospheres in a semi-industrial furnace. The model couples flow, heat transfer, and gas composition with a surface reaction model based on an Arrhenius-type formulation, enabling time-resolved prediction of specific mass gain and oxide layer growth. It accounts explicitly for the influence of temperature and local flue gas composition, including the effects of CH₄/air and CH₄/oxygen combustion environments. The model captures linear-to-parabolic oxidation kinetics and identifies H₂O and CO₂ as dominant reaction partners, providing a predictive tool for studying material degradation and scale growth under industrial reheating air-fuel and oxy–fuel conditions.

 

HOW TO USE THE ANSYS FLUENT MODEL

1) Read .cas file in FLUENT 19R2 (or higher)

2) Read the examplary pre-tabulated chemistry data or create your own data using a reaction mechanism like GRI3.0 or chemical equilibrium and change boundary conditions accordingly

3) Compile the UDF (Air-fuel or oxy-fuel)

3) Run the calculation to obtain the solution data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k6s7h
title: Data from: A brood parasite selects for its own egg traits

description: Many brood parasitic birds lay eggs that mimic their hosts' eggs in
 appearance. This typically arises from selection from discriminating hosts
 that reject eggs which differ from their own. However, selection on
 parasitic eggs may also arise from parasites themselves, since it should
 pay a laying parasitic female to detect and destroy another parasitic egg
 previously laid in the same host nest by a different female. In this
 study, I experimentally test the source of selection on greater honeyguide
 egg size and shape, which is correlated with that of its several host
 species, all of which breed in dark holes. Its commonest host species did
 not discriminate against experimental eggs that differed from their own in
 size and shape, but laying female honeyguides preferentially punctured
 experimental eggs more than host or control eggs. This should improve
 offspring survival given that multiple parasitism by this species is
 common, and that honeyguide chicks kill all other nest occupants. Hence,
 selection on egg size in greater honeyguides parasitising bee-eaters is
 imposed not by host defences, but by interference competition among
 parasites themselves.
description: Repeatability of
 honeyguide egg sizeHoneyguide_repeatability.csvDimensions of honeyguide and host eggsEgg_dimensions.csvData from Experiment 1Experiment1.csvData from Experiment 2Experiment2.csvShell thickness of experimental eggsShell_thicknesses.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d034g
title: Data from: Nonconsumptive predator-driven mortality causes natural selection on prey

description: Predators frequently exert natural selection through differential
 consumption of their prey. However, predators may also cause prey
 mortality through nonconsumptive effects, which could cause selection if
 different prey phenotypes are differentially susceptible to this
 nonconsumptive mortality. Here we present an experimental test of this
 hypothesis, which reveals that nonconsumptive mortality imposed by
 predatory dragonflies causes selection on their damselfly prey favoring
 increased activity levels. These results are consistent with other studies
 of predator-driven selection, however, they reveal that consumption alone
 is not the only mechanism by which predators can exert selection on prey.
 Uncovering this mechanism also suggests that prey defensive traits may
 represent adaptations to not only avoid being consumed, but also for
 dealing with other sources of mortality caused by predators. Demonstrating
 selection through both consumptive and nonconsumptive predator mortality
 provides us with insight into the diverse effects of predators as an
 evolutionary force.
description: Siepielski et al
 selection experiment dataThis data file contains
 the treatments and results of the experiment to quantify phenotypic
 selection by Anax dragonflies on Ischnura cervula damselflies. Treatments
 refer to no dragonfly, a free-ranging dragonfly, or a caged
 dragonfly.Siepielski et al
 plasticity experiment dataThis data file contains
 the results of an experiment to assess whether or not Ischnura cervula
 damselflies exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to Anax dragonfly
 predators. Treatment refers to an Anax being present or absent. Values are
 the number of each behavior over a 15 minute time
 frame.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2c972
title: Data from: Anthropogenic host plant expansion leads a nettle-feeding butterfly out of the forest: consequences for larval survival and developmental plasticity in adult morphology

description: Recent anthropogenic eutrophication has meant that hostplants of
 nettle-feeding insects became quasi-omnipresent in fertile regions of
 Western Europe. However, hostplant resource quality – in terms of
 microclimate and nutritional value – may vary considerably between the
 ‘original’ forest habitat and ‘recent’ agricultural habitat. Here, we
 compared development in both environmental settings using a split-brood
 design, so as to explore to what extent larval survival and adult
 morphology in the nettle-feeding butterfly Aglais urticae are influenced
 by the anthropogenic environment. Nettles along field margins had higher
 C/N-ratios and provided warmer microclimates to larvae. Larvae developed
 20% faster, and tended to improve their survival rates, on the
 agricultural land compared to woodland. Our split-brood approach indicated
 plastic responses within families, but also family effects in the
 phenotypic responses. Adult males and females had darker wing pigmentation
 in the drier and warmer agricultural environment, which contrasts with the
 thermal melanism hypothesis. Developmental plasticity in response to this
 micro-climatically different and more variable habitat was associated with
 a broader phenotypic parameter space for the species. Both
 habitat-expansion and developmental plasticity are likely contributors to
 the ecological and evolutionary success of these nettle-feeding insects in
 anthropogenic environments under high nitrogen load.
description: Morphological and
 environmental measurements Aglais urticaeField collected data
 using a split-brood experiment.Merckx et al
 Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vr064
title: Data from: Fire after a mast year triggers mass recruitment of slender mulga (Acacia aptaneura), a desert shrub with heat-stimulated germination

description: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Fire typically triggers extensive regeneration of
 plants with heat-stimulated germination by causing short periods of
 intense soil heating. If plants with heat-stimulated germination are also
 subject to seed predation and display mast-seeding cycles, postfire
 recruitment may be contingent on the seedfall density of prefire masts,
 and on whether granivores are satiated at the time of fire. METHODS: We
 conducted a longitudinal seedbank study and a mensurative field experiment
 in central Australia to examine whether fire and the variation in seedfall
 density across sites in a mast year interact to influence recruitment of
 slender mulga (Acacia aptaneura), an iteroparous masting shrub with
 heat-stimulated germination. KEY RESULT: The seedbank study showed
 seedbank pulsing after masting, with mean seed counts in the upper 4-cm
 soil layer being 132.8 seeds/m2 12-mo after a dense seedfall, but only 3.8
 seeds/m2 following a year with no seed production. Consistent with this,
 recruitment increased postfire at sites where denser seedfall had occurred
 during the preburn mast year. Conversely, little recruitment occurred at
 unburnt populations, irrespective of prefire seedfall density.
 CONCLUSIONS: We attribute our findings to: (1) elevated soil temperatures
 during fires stimulating germination of heat-cued seeds; and (2) granivore
 satiation following masting facilitating assimilation of seeds into the
 soil seedbank. These results highlight the importance of rare seed-input
 events for regeneration in fire-prone systems dominated by masting plants,
 and provide the first example from an arid biome of fire interacting with
 masting to influence recruitment.
description: Mulga Fire x Masting
 dataset 19-07-2017Data to accompany
 analysis on effects of fire and seedfall density during a mast year on
 mulga post-fire recruitmentMulga Seedbank Dataset
 19-07-2017Dataset used in analysis
 of impacts of mast event in 2010 on seedbank dynamics of slender
 mulga
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2g5r0
title: Data from: Chimpanzees recognize their own delayed self-image

description: Unlike mirror self-recognition, recognizing one's own image in
 delayed video footage may indicate the presence of a concept of self that
 extends across time and space. While humans typically show this ability
 around 4 years of age, it is unknown whether this capacity is found in
 non-human animals. In this study, chimpanzees performed a modified version
 of the mark test to investigate whether chimpanzees could remove stickers
 placed on the face and head while watching live and delayed video images.
 The results showed that three of five chimpanzees consistently removed the
 mark in delayed-viewing conditions, while they removed the stickers much
 less frequently in control video conditions which lacked a link to their
 current state. These findings suggest that chimpanzees, like human
 children at the age of 4 years and more, can comprehend temporal
 dissociation in their concept of self.
description: Hirata
 dataOriginal data on
 responses of the five subject chimpanzees toward live and video
 images.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.td8d3
title: Data from: Ageing and agency: age-related changes in susceptibility to illusory experiences of control

description: Sense of agency (SoAg) is the feeling of control over one's actions
 and their effects. It can be augmented or attenuated by internal signals
 and by external cues. Research has shown a reduction in the SoAg in older
 adulthood, but the reasons behind this change remain unclear. We
 investigated agency processing differences that may underpin age-related
 changes in SoAg. Using a modified version of a vicarious agency paradigm,
 we tested the modulation of SoAg by manipulating external situational
 agency cues in younger and older adults. Our results show that the
 illusion of vicarious agency was less pronounced in older adults. These
 results were replicated in a second experiment which also showed that
 older adults performed significantly better in interoception and
 proprioception tasks. We suggest that increased reliance on internal cues
 may explain differences in agency processing in older adulthood.
description: Agency and aging EXP1
 & EXP2Agency and
 agingEXP1&EXP2_data.xlsx