cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14551380.v1
title: Physiological and histopathological alterations in male Swiss mice after exposure to titanium dioxide (anatase) and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their binary mixture

description: Existing studies have shown the systemic damage of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), but there is little or no existing knowledge on the potential adverse toxic effects of the mixture of the two. In order to investigate the <i>in vivo</i> toxic effect of the mixture of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and ZnO NPs, the acute toxicities of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves, and their mixture (1:1) were determined. The systemic toxicities of the individual NPs and mixture were evaluated in mice using hematological indices, hepatic, renal, and lipid profile parameters, and histopathology as endpoints. NPs were intraperitoneally administered at doses of 9.38, 18.75, 37.50, 75.00, and 150.00 mg/kg bw each. Individual NPs and their mixture were administered daily for 5 and 10 d, respectively. The LD<sub>50</sub> of ZnO NPs was 299.9 mg/kg while TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs by themselves or TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs + ZnO NPs were indeterminate due to the absence of mortality of the male mice treated. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs + ZnO NPs induced significant alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters, with higher toxicity at 10 d. Histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and brain of mice treated with the individual NPs and their mixture. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs + ZnO NPs were able to induce a higher systemic toxicity than TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs or ZnO NPs individually. Our data suggest that more comprehensive risk assessments should be carried out on the mixture of NPs before utilization in consumer products.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14551380
title: Physiological and histopathological alterations in male Swiss mice after exposure to titanium dioxide (anatase) and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their binary mixture

description: Existing studies have shown the systemic damage of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), but there is little or no existing knowledge on the potential adverse toxic effects of the mixture of the two. In order to investigate the <i>in vivo</i> toxic effect of the mixture of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and ZnO NPs, the acute toxicities of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves, and their mixture (1:1) were determined. The systemic toxicities of the individual NPs and mixture were evaluated in mice using hematological indices, hepatic, renal, and lipid profile parameters, and histopathology as endpoints. NPs were intraperitoneally administered at doses of 9.38, 18.75, 37.50, 75.00, and 150.00 mg/kg bw each. Individual NPs and their mixture were administered daily for 5 and 10 d, respectively. The LD<sub>50</sub> of ZnO NPs was 299.9 mg/kg while TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs by themselves or TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs + ZnO NPs were indeterminate due to the absence of mortality of the male mice treated. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs + ZnO NPs induced significant alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters, with higher toxicity at 10 d. Histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and brain of mice treated with the individual NPs and their mixture. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs + ZnO NPs were able to induce a higher systemic toxicity than TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs or ZnO NPs individually. Our data suggest that more comprehensive risk assessments should be carried out on the mixture of NPs before utilization in consumer products.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13359471
title: What is the Impact of Outreach Services on Medication Adherence for COPD Patients? A Systematic Review

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have been known to have poor medication adherence rates. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess if outreach services could impact on medication compliance rates. CINAHL, Medline, Clinical Key and Cochrane library were all searched electronically along with grey literature for all eligible studies conducted on COPD patients in a non-acute hospital setting. Systematic review methodology was followed for data selection, extraction and risk of bias, validity testing and data analysis. Eight studies met all inclusion criteria. 4 randomised control trials and 4 quantitative intention-to-treat studies. 2 of the studies failed validity testing but due to a lack of articles, were included in the synthesis. Given the heterogeneity of data, a narrative synthesis was adopted. All 8 studies demonstrated the ability for an outreach service to improve medication adherence in the community setting. Secondary to this result, this systematic review showed the ability to reduce hospital admissions of exacerbations of COPD due to increased medication adherence. Quality of life was assessed but did not improve but importantly did not decrease. Medication adherence has the potential to be improved from an outreach programme but requires more high-quality research in the area to develop a standardised plan of care to identify the most effective way of educating patients on medication adherence. Medication adherence education should not be a once-off assessment, this systematic review has shown it must be continuous, re-checked and re-educated regularly.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13359471.v1
title: What is the Impact of Outreach Services on Medication Adherence for COPD Patients? A Systematic Review

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have been known to have poor medication adherence rates. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess if outreach services could impact on medication compliance rates. CINAHL, Medline, Clinical Key and Cochrane library were all searched electronically along with grey literature for all eligible studies conducted on COPD patients in a non-acute hospital setting. Systematic review methodology was followed for data selection, extraction and risk of bias, validity testing and data analysis. Eight studies met all inclusion criteria. 4 randomised control trials and 4 quantitative intention-to-treat studies. 2 of the studies failed validity testing but due to a lack of articles, were included in the synthesis. Given the heterogeneity of data, a narrative synthesis was adopted. All 8 studies demonstrated the ability for an outreach service to improve medication adherence in the community setting. Secondary to this result, this systematic review showed the ability to reduce hospital admissions of exacerbations of COPD due to increased medication adherence. Quality of life was assessed but did not improve but importantly did not decrease. Medication adherence has the potential to be improved from an outreach programme but requires more high-quality research in the area to develop a standardised plan of care to identify the most effective way of educating patients on medication adherence. Medication adherence education should not be a once-off assessment, this systematic review has shown it must be continuous, re-checked and re-educated regularly.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12849032
title: Free energy profiles of adsorption of surfactant micelles at metal-water interfaces

description: We have studied adsorption behaviour of cationic and uncharged surfactant molecules and their micelles at metal-water interfaces via all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our simulations reveal that unaggregated surfactant molecules adsorb strongly on to the metal surface without any free energy barrier. The adsorption behaviour of micelles is quite different. Micelles of cationic surfactants experience a long-range free energy barrier to adsorption, which is attributed to the presence of a corona of counterions and hydration water around these micelles, which gets disturbed as the micelles approach the surface. Micelles of uncharged surfactants do not have a corona of counterions around them and therefore show a barrierless free energy profile of adsorption. The micelles of both cationic and uncharged surfactants strongly adsorb by disintegrating at the metal surface. In the disintegrated state, the molecules comprising the micelles re-arrange to attain either a lying down configuration in which the molecular axis is parallel to the surface or a standing up configuration in which the molecular axis is perpendicular to the surface.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12849032.v2
title: Free energy profiles of adsorption of surfactant micelles at metal-water interfaces

description: We have studied adsorption behaviour of cationic and uncharged surfactant molecules and their micelles at metal-water interfaces via all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our simulations reveal that unaggregated surfactant molecules adsorb strongly on to the metal surface without any free energy barrier. The adsorption behaviour of micelles is quite different. Micelles of cationic surfactants experience a long-range free energy barrier to adsorption, which is attributed to the presence of a corona of counterions and hydration water around these micelles, which gets disturbed as the micelles approach the surface. Micelles of uncharged surfactants do not have a corona of counterions around them and therefore show a barrierless free energy profile of adsorption. The micelles of both cationic and uncharged surfactants strongly adsorb by disintegrating at the metal surface. In the disintegrated state, the molecules comprising the micelles re-arrange to attain either a lying down configuration in which the molecular axis is parallel to the surface or a standing up configuration in which the molecular axis is perpendicular to the surface.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12848315
title: Lessons about the ‘Harder’ elements of OMC governance for the EU energy Union

description: This paper identifies three ’harder’ – potentially more constraining – features of existing OMCs (employment and social inclusion), explains why they are ‘hardening’, and draws lessons for the Energy Union. The first ‘harder’ element is ‘EU benchmarks and national targets’, where the former signals EU commitment and sets direction over the medium term, while the latter bind member states to develop policy in line with EU strategic priorities. The second harder element is ‘two-level policy dialogue’, referring to two-level administrative coordination – around national reports, EU assessment of member state performance and Country Specific Recommendations. ‘Two-level policy dialogue’ is ‘hardening’, because it is structured around the key EU aims, priorities and benchmarks, but at the same time targeted at each individual member state. The third harder element is ‘policy entrepreneurs’, as such individuals are capable of mobilizing high-level political commitment at the EU and member state levels. We assess that these three elements together contribute to a ‘hardening’ – and thus potential to change policy – of OMC-type governance, which is already taking place in Energy Union. We also note that two other factors – institutional capabilities and financial resources – are crucial in conjunction with Energy Union.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12848315.v1
title: Lessons about the ‘Harder’ elements of OMC governance for the EU energy Union

description: This paper identifies three ’harder’ – potentially more constraining – features of existing OMCs (employment and social inclusion), explains why they are ‘hardening’, and draws lessons for the Energy Union. The first ‘harder’ element is ‘EU benchmarks and national targets’, where the former signals EU commitment and sets direction over the medium term, while the latter bind member states to develop policy in line with EU strategic priorities. The second harder element is ‘two-level policy dialogue’, referring to two-level administrative coordination – around national reports, EU assessment of member state performance and Country Specific Recommendations. ‘Two-level policy dialogue’ is ‘hardening’, because it is structured around the key EU aims, priorities and benchmarks, but at the same time targeted at each individual member state. The third harder element is ‘policy entrepreneurs’, as such individuals are capable of mobilizing high-level political commitment at the EU and member state levels. We assess that these three elements together contribute to a ‘hardening’ – and thus potential to change policy – of OMC-type governance, which is already taking place in Energy Union. We also note that two other factors – institutional capabilities and financial resources – are crucial in conjunction with Energy Union.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.18394315
title: Construction of miRNA-mRNA network in the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes

description: 1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and fat deposition in chicken. To date, there are only a few miRNAs that had been confirmed to be involved in chicken adipogenesis. The detailed mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate chicken adipogenesis remain largely unknown. 2. To identify candidate miRNAs involved in chicken preadipocyte differentiation and explore potential mechanisms behind their functions, the following study analysed and identified miRNA and mRNA expression levels in undifferentiated and differentiated preadipocytes. Hub miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified, and the degree of connectivity of DE miRNAs in the network was established. 3. A total of 145 DE miRNAs and 660 DE mRNAs were identified between undifferentiated and differentiated preadipocytes. An miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, including 29 DE miRNAs and 155 DE mRNAs, forming 470 miRNA-mRNA interactions. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DE mRNAs in the network were significantly enriched in 712 biological processes and 13 KEGG pathways. Based on the connectivity degree, five DE miRNAs with higher degrees miR-195-x, gga-miR-200a-3p, gga-miR-135a-5p, novel-m0067-5p and novel-m0270-5p were identified as hub miRNAs. Fifty-eight DE mRNAs interacted with these five hub miRNAs and formed 70 miRNA-mRNA interactions. 4. This study constructed a miRNA-mRNA network associated with chicken preadipocyte differentiation and identified five hub miRNAs in the network. The findings identified the number of chicken adipogenic miRNAs and laid the foundation for elucidating the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism in chicken adipogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12848534
title: Phosphorus recovery using magnesium-enriched biochar and its potential use as fertilizer

description: Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater using biochar is an alternative to P recycle and reuse. However, the impregnation of cations for biochar production is needed to enhance P removal. We aimed at studying the P adsorption and release capacity of biochar enriched with magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) and its potential use as fertilizer. Biochars were produced from poultry litter (PLB), pig manure (PMB), and sewage sludge (SSB) impregnated with MgCl<sub>2</sub>. Characterization comprised pH, Electrical conductivity, total nutrient content, moisture and ash contents, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and SEM-EDX. Phosphorus adsorption isotherms by biochars were obtained and P desorption was also studied. A pot experiment with maize in an Oxisol was performed with the P-loaded biochars, triple superphosphate – TSP (positive control) and no P application (negative control). PMB showed the highest P adsorption (68.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup>). The main mechanisms of P removal were through precipitation with cations, ligand exchange reactions and electrostatic attraction on the biochar surface. The P-loaded biochars promoted plant growth and accumulation of P in maize, which was similar or greater than TSP. In conclusion, Mg-impregnated biochar is a sustainable option to add value to organic residues and to recycle P to be reused as enhanced efficiency fertilizer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12848534.v1
title: Phosphorus recovery using magnesium-enriched biochar and its potential use as fertilizer

description: Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater using biochar is an alternative to P recycle and reuse. However, the impregnation of cations for biochar production is needed to enhance P removal. We aimed at studying the P adsorption and release capacity of biochar enriched with magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) and its potential use as fertilizer. Biochars were produced from poultry litter (PLB), pig manure (PMB), and sewage sludge (SSB) impregnated with MgCl<sub>2</sub>. Characterization comprised pH, Electrical conductivity, total nutrient content, moisture and ash contents, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and SEM-EDX. Phosphorus adsorption isotherms by biochars were obtained and P desorption was also studied. A pot experiment with maize in an Oxisol was performed with the P-loaded biochars, triple superphosphate – TSP (positive control) and no P application (negative control). PMB showed the highest P adsorption (68.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup>). The main mechanisms of P removal were through precipitation with cations, ligand exchange reactions and electrostatic attraction on the biochar surface. The P-loaded biochars promoted plant growth and accumulation of P in maize, which was similar or greater than TSP. In conclusion, Mg-impregnated biochar is a sustainable option to add value to organic residues and to recycle P to be reused as enhanced efficiency fertilizer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.18394315.v2
title: Construction of miRNA-mRNA network in the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes

description: 1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and fat deposition in chicken. To date, there are only a few miRNAs that had been confirmed to be involved in chicken adipogenesis. The detailed mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate chicken adipogenesis remain largely unknown. 2. To identify candidate miRNAs involved in chicken preadipocyte differentiation and explore potential mechanisms behind their functions, the following study analysed and identified miRNA and mRNA expression levels in undifferentiated and differentiated preadipocytes. Hub miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified, and the degree of connectivity of DE miRNAs in the network was established. 3. A total of 145 DE miRNAs and 660 DE mRNAs were identified between undifferentiated and differentiated preadipocytes. An miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, including 29 DE miRNAs and 155 DE mRNAs, forming 470 miRNA-mRNA interactions. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DE mRNAs in the network were significantly enriched in 712 biological processes and 13 KEGG pathways. Based on the connectivity degree, five DE miRNAs with higher degrees miR-195-x, gga-miR-200a-3p, gga-miR-135a-5p, novel-m0067-5p and novel-m0270-5p were identified as hub miRNAs. Fifty-eight DE mRNAs interacted with these five hub miRNAs and formed 70 miRNA-mRNA interactions. 4. This study constructed a miRNA-mRNA network associated with chicken preadipocyte differentiation and identified five hub miRNAs in the network. The findings identified the number of chicken adipogenic miRNAs and laid the foundation for elucidating the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism in chicken adipogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.18394315.v1
title: Construction of miRNA-mRNA network in the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes

description: 1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and fat deposition in chicken. To date, there are only a few miRNAs that have been confirmed to be involved in chicken adipogenesis. The detailed mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate chicken adipogenesis remain largely unknown. 2. To identify candidate miRNAs involved in chicken preadipocyte differentiation and explore potential mechanisms behind their functions, the following study analysed and identified miRNA and mRNA expression levels in undifferentiated and differentiated preadipocytes. Hub miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified, and the degree of connectivity of DE miRNAs in the network was established. 3. A total of 145 DE miRNAs and 660 DE mRNAs were identified between undifferentiated and differentiated preadipocytes. An miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, including 29 DE miRNAs and 155 DE mRNAs, forming 470 miRNA-mRNA interactions. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DE mRNAs in the network were significantly enriched in 712 biological processes and 13 KEGG pathways. Based on the connectivity degree, five DE miRNAs with higher degrees miR-195-x, gga-miR-200a-3p, gga-miR-135a-5p, novel-m0067-5p and novel-m0270-5p were identified as hub miRNAs. Fifty-eight DE mRNAs interacted with these five hub miRNAs and formed 70 miRNA-mRNA interactions. 4. This study constructed a miRNA-mRNA network associated with chicken preadipocyte differentiation and identified five hub miRNAs in the network. The findings identified a number of chicken adipogenic miRNAs and laid the foundation for elucidating the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism in chicken adipogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14790424
title: Climate policy integration: taking advantage of policy windows? An analysis of the energy and environment sectors in Mexico (1997–2018)

description: Given the crosscutting character of climate change, improving our understanding of its integration into sectorial policy domains is relevant. We contribute empirically with a case study in Mexico where we analyze climate policy integration in terms of policy outputs and processes. Firstly, we adapted an approach to measure events of regulatory output change and applied it to our original dataset of changes in Mexican environmental and energy laws and regulations between 1997 and 2018. Secondly, based on expert interviews and using the multiple streams as theoretical framework, we explored the role of policy entrepreneurs on influencing policy change towards climate policy integration, in particular the enactment of the law for energy transition in 2015. The Energy Reform in 2013, which aimed at increasing private participation in fossil fuels production, was framed as a solution to the problem of ‘uncertainties over oil reserves and energy demand growth’. Paradoxically, policy entrepreneurs advocated for a transition toward clean electricity as a solution to the same problem. They also identified the 21st UNFCCC Conference of the Parties as an event influencing the political stream and opening a window of opportunity for the enactment of the law for energy transition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14790424.v1
title: Climate policy integration: taking advantage of policy windows? An analysis of the energy and environment sectors in Mexico (1997–2018)

description: Given the crosscutting character of climate change, improving our understanding of its integration into sectorial policy domains is relevant. We contribute empirically with a case study in Mexico where we analyze climate policy integration in terms of policy outputs and processes. Firstly, we adapted an approach to measure events of regulatory output change and applied it to our original dataset of changes in Mexican environmental and energy laws and regulations between 1997 and 2018. Secondly, based on expert interviews and using the multiple streams as theoretical framework, we explored the role of policy entrepreneurs on influencing policy change towards climate policy integration, in particular the enactment of the law for energy transition in 2015. The Energy Reform in 2013, which aimed at increasing private participation in fossil fuels production, was framed as a solution to the problem of ‘uncertainties over oil reserves and energy demand growth’. Paradoxically, policy entrepreneurs advocated for a transition toward clean electricity as a solution to the same problem. They also identified the 21st UNFCCC Conference of the Parties as an event influencing the political stream and opening a window of opportunity for the enactment of the law for energy transition.