DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17816528
title: Fig. 2 in one-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction

description: Fig.2|Proportion of threatened freshwater species,extinct freshwater species and threatened tetrapods.a,Proportion of threatened freshwater species(decapod crustaceans,fishes and odonates;combined and individually), extinct freshwater species (combined) and threatened tetrapods(combined) affected by each threat.The darker cells indicate a greater proportion of species affected by the threat.Threats are not mutually exclusive.Threats are coded following the IUCN Threats Classification Scheme (version3.3)and combined for presentation as follows (the value of the highest hierarchical level is indicated; all subsequent levels are included):pollution (9);dams and water management (7.2);agriculture(2.1,2.2 and2.3);invasive species and disease(8.1,8.3,8.4,8.5 and8.6);logging (5.2and 5.3);urban development (1); hunting and fishing (5.1 and5.4);energy production and mining (3);climate change and severe weather (11);human intrusions and disturbance (6);other ecosystem modifications (7.3); transportation(4);fire and fire suppression (7.1);problematic native species (8.2);aquaculture (2.4);and geological events (10).For the number of species: threatened freshwater species n = 4,190,extinct freshwater species n = 82, threatened decapods n = 472,threatened fishes n = 3,032,threatened odonates n = 686and threatened tetrapods n = 7,112.b, Proportion of threatened freshwater species (decapod crustaceans,fishes and odonates;combined and individually) and extinct freshwater species(combined)using each wetland habitat.The darker cells indicate a greater proportion of species using the habitat.Habitats are not mutually exclusive.Habitats are coded following the IUCN Habitats Classification Scheme(version3.1)as follows:permanent rivers (5.1);permanent lakes (5.5);seasonal rivers(5.2);permanent pools(5.7);bogs and marshes,among others (5.4);seasonal pools (5.8);springs and oases(5.9); karst (5.18);seasonal lakes (5.6);other wetlands (5.3,5.10,5.11 and5.12);and saline,brackish or alkaline (5.14,5.15,5.16 and5.17).For the number of species: threatened freshwater species n = 4,255,extinct freshwater species n = 100, threatened decapods n = 484,threatened fishes n = 3,071 and threatened odonates n = 700.In panels a,b,threatened species include those assessed as critically endangered (including those flagged as possibly extinct and possibly extinct in the wild),endangered or vulnerable.Extinct freshwater species include those assessed as extinct or extinct in the wild.
aThreatThreatened freshwater speciesExtinct freshwater speciesThreatened decapodsThreatened shesThreatened odonatesThreatened tetrapodsPollution0.540.520.600.590.280.17Dams andwatermanagement0.390.630.190.460.230.09Agriculture0.370.060.330.320.610.74Invasivespecies anddisease0.280.550.240.330.070.33Logging0.250.040.190.190.570.49Urbandevelopment0.230.070.340.190.290.35Hunting andshing0.210.370.150.270.020.29Energy production and mining0.180.010.100.200.160.18Climate change and severeweather0.180.050.140.190.160.23Human intrusions and disturbance0.080.020.180.060.080.11Other ecosystem modi cations0.060.040.030.080.020.02Transportation Fire and re0.050.010.070.060.010.13suppression0.050.000.080.030.120.19Problematic native species0.040.020.020.060.010.06Aquaculture0.020.000.000.020.060.01Geological events0.010.000.000.010.010.02bHabitatThreatened freshwater speciesExtinct freshwater speciesThreatened decapodsThreatened shesThreatened odonatesPermanent rivers0.71 0.370.650.700.77Permanent lakes0.18 0.480.100.230.02Seasonal rivers0.10 0.000.020.130.03Permanent pools0.09 0.030.040.110.07Bogs and marshes, among others0.08 0.040.070.080.08Seasonal pools0.08 0.000.020.100.02Springs and oases0.06 0.190.030.070.03Karst0.05 0.000.240.030.00Seasonal lakes0.02 0.000.010.020.01Other wetlands0.01 0.000.010.020.00Saline, brackish or alkaline0.01 0.000.000.020.00
description: Published as part of Catherine A. Sayer, Eresha Fernando, Randall R. Jimenez, Nicholas B. W. Macfarlane, Giovanni Rapacciuolo, Monika Böhm, Thomas M. Brooks, Topiltzin Contreras-MacBeath, Neil A. Cox, Ian Harrison, Michael Hoffmann, Richard Jenkins, Kevin G. Smith, Jean-Christophe Vié, John C. Abbott, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Allen, Violeta Barrios, Jean-Pierre Boudot, Savrina F. Carrizo, Patricia Charvet, Viola Clausnitzer, Leonardo Congiu, Keith A. Crandall, Neil Cumberlidge, Annabelle Cuttelod, James Dalton, Adam G. Daniels, Sammy De Grave, Geert De Knijf, Klaas-Douwe B. Dijkstra, Rory A. Dow, Jörg Freyhof, Nieves García, Joern Gessner, Abebe Getahun, Claudine Gibson, Matthew J. Gollock, MichaelI. Grant, Alice E. R. Groom, Michael P. Hammer, Geoffrey A. Hammerson, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Laurel Hodgkinson, Robert A. Holland, Rima W. Jabado, Diego JuffeBignoli, Vincent J. Kalkman, Bakhtiyor K. Karimov, Jens Kipping, Maurice Kottelat, Philippe A. Lalèyè, Helen K. Larson, Mark Lintermans, Federico Lozano, Arne Ludwig, Timothy J. Lyons, Laura Máiz-Tomé, Sanjay Molur, Heok Hee Ng, Catherine Numa, Amy F. Palmer-Newton, Charlotte Pike, Helen E. Pippard, Carla N. M. Polaz, Caroline M. Pollock, Rajeev Raghavan, Peter S. Rand, Tsilavina Ravelomanana, Roberto E. Reis, Cassandra L. Rigby, Janet A. Scott, Paul H. Skelton, Matthew R. Sloat, Jos Snoeks, Melanie L. J. Stiassny, Heok Hui Tan, Yoshinori Taniguchi, Eva B. Thorstad, Marcelo F. Tognelli, Armi G. Torres, Yan Torres, Denis Tweddle, Katsutoshi Watanabe, James R. S. Westrip, Emma G. E. Wright, E. Zhang & William R. T. Darwall, 2025, one-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction, pp. 141 in Nature 638 on page 141, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08375-z, http://zenodo.org/record/17806476