DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69pss
title: Data for: Eco-evolutionary interactions with multiple evolving species reveal both antagonistic and additive effects

description: Most eco-evolutionary research focuses predominantly on the ecological
 effects of single-species evolution. We therefore know little about how
 eco-evolutionary dynamics play out when multiple species evolve
 simultaneously. We quantified evolution-mediated ecological effects in
 communities that were equivalent in genetic diversity and starting biomass
 but differed in selection background (heatwave exposure) of one or all
 four zooplankton species (three Daphnia and one Scapholeberis species). We
 observed transient eco-evolutionary effects that differed depending on
 which species in the community had evolved. Evolution did not always lead
 to higher abundances of the evolved species. Indirect effects on species
 abundances caused by the evolution of another species could be as strong
 as direct effects mediated by its own evolution. The cumulative effect of
 evolution in multiple species was antagonistic for community composition
 and grazing pressure but additive for community-wide biomass. Our results
 imply that a focus on single-species evolutionary effects on ecology may
 lead to unreliable predictions when multiple species evolve
 simultaneously.
description: Experimental data was obtained from zooplankton samples taken
 during the experiment and from daily chlorophyll a measurements.
description: # Data for: Eco-evolutionary interactions with multiple evolving species
 reveal both antagonistic and additive effects
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x95x69pss](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x95x69pss) An outdoor mesocosm experiment was run for four weeks, taking daily algae measurements to assess community-wide grazing capacity and weekly zooplankton samples to assess community assembly. We have uploaded our raw data on the zooplankton community composition (**CC-B.csv**), biomass (**AllBiomass.csv**), and algae concentration (**AlgaeXL.csv**). We also uploaded one Rscript (**CommunityAssemblyExperiment**) ## Descriptions #### Zooplankton community composition General description: count data per zooplankton sample taken weekly during the experimental period (total of 4-time points plus the inoculation ratio at Time 0) for every treatment (6 levels), each replicated 6 times. This yields a total of 36 samples per timepoint or 180 samples in total. Individuals in the sample were assigned to the species and stage classes. The distinction among the stage for *S. mucronata* was not made. **CC-B.csv_Data** *Date*: Date of sampling (character) *Time*: Timepoint from 0 to 4 (integer) *Name*: Name of the specific mesocosm, combination of the treatment and replicate (character) *Treatment*: Treatment of the specific mesocosm (character). There are 6 options: * None = None of the species were previously exposed to heatwave * All = All of the species were previously exposed to heatwave * L = Only individuals of *D. galeata* were previously exposed to heatwave * M = Only individuals of *D. magna* were previously exposed to heatwave * P = Only individuals of *D. pulicaria* were previously exposed to heatwave * S = Only individuals of *S. mucronata* were previously exposed to heatwave *Replicate*: Number of replicates within the treatment with a total of 6 replicates (integer) *Replica*: Combination of the Treatment and Replicate information (36 options, character) *DMm*: Number of *D. magna* males counted for the zooplankton sample (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DMfnoe*: Number of *D. magna* females without eggs (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DMfe*: Number of *D. magna* females with eggs (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DMf*: Number of *D. magna* females, total of the previous 2 classes (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DMj*: Number of *D. magna* juveniles (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DLm*: Number of *D. galeata* males counted for the zooplankton sample (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DLfnoe*: Number of *D. galeata* females without eggs (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DLfe*: Number of *D. galeata* females with eggs (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DLf*: Number of *D. galeata* females, total of the previous 2 classes (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DLj*: Number of *D. galeata* juveniles (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DPm*: Number of *D. pulicaria* males counted for the zooplankton sample (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DPfnoe*: Number of *D. pulicaria* females without eggs (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DPfe*: Number of *D. pulicaria* females with eggs (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DPf*: Number of *D. pulicaria* females, total of the previous 2 classes (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *DPj*: Number of *D. pulicaria* juveniles (numerical, unit: ind/mL) *S*: Number of *S. mucronata* individuals (numerical, unit: ind/mL) #### Zooplankton community biomass General description: in every zooplankton sample, 10 random adult females were measured for their body size, which gave an average length per sample. These were then converted to average weights for adult females via Length-weight regressions. The average adult biomass per species was then calculated by multiplying the average weight with the absolute adult female abundance. The biomass of the others was calculated with the same method under the assumption that the length of these is on average half of the length of an adult female. The total biomass present per species in each sample was calculated by taking the sum of the female and other biomass. The biomass of *S. mucronata* is the same across the three columns as no distinction could be made across the stages within this species. **Allbiomass.csv_Data** *Time*: Timepoint from 0 to 4 (integer) *Name*: Name of the specific mesocosm, combination of the treatment and replicate (character) *Treatment*: Treatment of the specific mesocosm (character). There are 6 options: * None = None of the species were previously exposed to heatwave * All = All of the species were previously exposed to heatwave * L = Only individuals of *D. galeata* were previously exposed to heatwave * M = Only individuals of *D. magna* were previously exposed to heatwave * P = Only individuals of *D. pulicaria* were previously exposed to heatwave * S = Only individuals of *S. mucronata* were previously exposed to heatwave *Replicate*: Number of replicates within the treatment with a total of 6 replicates (integer) *Replica*: Combination of the Treatment and Replicate information (36 options, character) *DMf*: Biomass of *D. magna* adult females (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DMo*: Biomass of *D. magna* males and juveniles (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DMa*: Biomass of all *D. magna* individuals, total of the previous 2 classes (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DLf*: Biomass of *D. galeata* adult females (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DLo*: Biomass of *D. galeata* males and juveniles (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DLa*: Biomass of all *D. galeata* individuals, total of the previous 2 classes (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DPf*: Biomass of *D. pulicaria* adult females (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DPo*: Biomass of *D. pulicaria* males and juveniles (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *DPa*: Biomass of all *D. pulicaria* individuals, total of the previous 2 classes (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *Sf*: Biomass of *S. mucronata* individuals (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *So*: Biomass of *S. mucronata* individuals (numerical, unit: µg/mL) *Sa*: Biomass of *S. mucronata* individuals (numerical, unit: µg/mL) #### Phytoplankton concentration General description: measured daily using handheld fluorometers. We performed two measurements per sample to reduce stochasticity. NA values indicate instances when the fluorometers reported 'over' values for that mesocosm. **AlgaeXL.csv_Data** *Name*: Name of the specific mesocosm, combination of the treatment and replicate (character) *Treatment*: Treatment of the specific mesocosm (character). There are 6 options: * None = None of the species were previously exposed to heatwave * All = All of the species were previously exposed to heatwave * L = Only individuals of *D. galeata* were previously exposed to heatwave * M = Only individuals of *D. magna* were previously exposed to heatwave * P = Only individuals of *D. pulicaria* were previously exposed to heatwave * S = Only individuals of *S. mucronata* were previously exposed to heatwave *Replicate*: Number of replicates within the treatment with a total of 6 replicates (integer) *Replica*: Combination of the Treatment and Replicate information (36 options, character) *Date*: Date of sampling (character) *Chla1*: Concentration of phytoplankton in first measurement (numerical, unit:µg/L) *Chla2*: Concentration of phytoplankton in second measurement (numerical, unit:µg/L) ## Code/Software R is required to run *CommunityAssemblyExperiment*; the script was created using version 4.2.3. Annotations are provided throughout the script to load the library and datasets, run the analyses, and recreate the figures.