cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.142
title: Material and Out-of-plane Flexural Properties of Traditional Masonry Wall

description: The October 2013 Earthquake hit the Bohol Island of the Philippines. Many traditional churches were damaged by the earthquake. In this study, material tests were conducted to assess the strength of the Philippinesโ traditional masonry wall, which is composed of various materials. Additionally, out-of-plane flexural experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanical characteristics of masonry walls found in traditional churches. The wall specimens used in this study were made of a variety of materials with different compositions. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: (a) compressive tests and splitting tensile tests were conducted for various test samples having distinct compositions. For both tests, the strength of the cylinders without additional materials was greater than that with contamination, expect for those containing egg whites; (b) out-of-plane flexural experiments were conducted on four specimens to identify their structural characteristics.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.143
title: Applicability of A New Surface Preparation Method for Steel Structure using Laser

description: Surface preparation is very important in re-painting of steel structures so as to extend the effective term of corrosion prevention. Though grinding or blasting have been widely used to remove rust and old coating film on steel surface, both these methods have difficulty in completion of rust-removal and cause some problems such as dust scattering, noise, etc. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents the laser cleaning method which instantaneously sublimes/evaporates the rust on the surface of steel structure. The authors investigate the effects and the applicability of laser cleaning using the specimens made by accelerated corrosion method. The test results confirmed that the laser cleaning can remove the rust almost much as using sand blast, and the salt on the surface of steel can also be evaporated as good as the rust. Moreover, this method seems can be applied on wet surface condition because the moisture and water on the surface of steel can also be evaporated.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.144
title: The influence of temperature and humidity on rust growth on weathering steel

description: In order to achieve a long life of weathering steel bridges, resolution of several problems are required. Especially, rust evaluation technology, rust prediction method and repair technology of corroded weathering steel, reveal the rust growth progress characteristics under constant temperature and humidity environment. Steel test pieces, which were different concentration (0.3%, 1.0%, 3.0%) of salt water sprayed, were placed in a constant temperature and humidity test vessel, to observe the progress of rust in in-plane direction. Four pattern of exposure environment were tested, that were combination of temperature (40โ, 20โ) and relative humidity (50%, 95%). To calculate the increase of rust are, specimen surface was confirmed that higher salt concentration (3%) brought rapid rust development. Furthermore, the increase of rust area was highly dependent on temperature than humidity. From time observations, it becomes clear that increase of rust area can be approximated to a logarithmic curve.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.145
title: An investigation of corrosion environment of a bridge constructed in mountainous area

description: Corrosion occurred on steel bridges which were constructed in mountainous area. However, few studies have investigated the corrosive environment of steel bridge in mountainous area. This paper aims to clarify the corrosive environment of the mountainous area bridge. Temperature, humidity, wind conditions and amount of airborne salt have been observed at bridge site. In order to comprehensively assess corrosive condition, exposure test was also performed. Observation and exposure test were conducted at the steel plate girder bridge with 60m length and three main girders. During observation period, anti-freezing agent (Na-Cl) is sprayed in winter. From the observation, time of wet on the bridge is longer than bridges those were constructed at coastal area. It was clearly observed that flying behavior of anti-freezing agent around superstructures is influenced by the prevailing wind. Furthermore, distribution of amount of adhesion salt at the surface of steel in the bridge section was also clarified. Rust thickness of exposure specimen was revealed that the influence of anti-freezing agent, and at lower flanges becomes larger than that of web. These results can be applied to corrosive environmental simulation of steel bridges.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.146
title: An application of Hyperplasticity to determine the behavior of a plane stress cantilever beam

description: Hyperplasticity is an approach to plasticity theory based on thermodynamic principles. By using this concept, the entire constitutive model behaviour can be determined from two scalar functions, one is the energy function and the other is the yield function or the dissipation function. In this paper, the Hyperplasticity approach is described and implemented in finite element method (FEM) to solve a particular problem in structure analysis, the behaviour of a cantilever beam. The Gibbs free energy function and the Von Mises yield function are chosen to derive the elasto-plastic response of structures. Besides, kinematic hardening with single yield surface model are also presented and applied to describe the translation from elastic region to plastic region. The results show that the application of Hyperplasticity to FEM can be another proper way for non-linear analysis. Moreover, it reveals the ability to develop more sophisticated models using multiple yield surfaces in cases of cyclic loadings.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.147
title: REMAINING LIFE AND CORROSION LIMIT OF CORRODED TRUSS BRIDGE FOCUSING ON THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH

description: This study is targeted for the estimation method for the remaining life of a corroded truss bridge based on the ultimate strength through one of case studies. The remaining life can be estimated by the corrosion limit which is defined as a corrosion state based on the assumption that the bridge collapse occurs when reaching the load required of the bridge performance. The deterioration curve of the corroded truss bridge is proposed by conducting nonlinear finite element analyses, in which the overall truss bridge is modeled as a rigid frame which consists of beam elements. According to the analytical results in this study, the overall bridge model at a non-corroded state has the safety factor as about 5 times of the design live load. In general, almost actual bridges have the concealed safety factors which were not considered in the design. It can be said that this is the reason why the bridges donโt collapse even if the severe corrosion occurs in members. However, corrosion progressions cause the strength reductions of bridges, then the bridges finally collapse when they reach the corrosion limit. Therefore, this study shows the fact that it is very important to evaluate the current safety of the actual bridges quantitatively by estimating the corrosion limit and remaining life.
DOI: 10.25646/8599
title: Tagesdaten-CSV aus dem DIVI-Intensivregister

description: Die Tagesdaten-CSV entspricht einem Auszug der Daten des DIVI-Intensivregisters. Die Datei enthält eine Aggregation der aktuellsten Meldungen pro Landkreis. Es werden die aktuell gemeldeten Anzahlen der COVID-19 Intensivfälle sowie die gemeldeten intensivmedizinischen Behandlungskapazitäten angezeigt. Die Tagesdaten-CSV liefert dabei ausschließlich einen Blick auf die Daten gemäß dem Stand des betrachteten Tages. Die Daten sind im situationsbedingten Kontext aufbereitet, damit sind verschiedene Tagesdaten-CSVs u.U. nicht direkt miteinander vergleichbar. Die aktuellsten Meldungen werden im gewählten Betrachtungszeitfenster über alle Meldebereiche und Standorte aufsummiert. Weitere Informationen sind zu finden unter https://www.intensivregister.de/#/faq
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.148
title: Standard Section Design of ICH RC Tower Supporting 5MW Wind Turbine

description: A new-type wind power tower, internally confined hollow reinforced concrete (ICH RC) tower was developed and its standard sections were designed. Its targeting turbine capacity was 5.0 MW and the large displacement effect by turbine weight was considered. CoWiTA which is a non-linear analysis program was used for analyzing each section. Initial bottom diameter of the tower was 5.5 m with hollow ratios; 0.9, 0.85, 0.80, and 0.75 and 10% smaller diameter case was also considered with the same hollow ratios. In addition, the ICH RC tower could be separated into some modules for convenience of construction and installation. Each cross section at top and bottom of modules was designed and analysis of the sections was performed as well. As a result, all design cases except one case showed enough performance to support a 5.0 MW turbine. Also, it was confirmed that the modularized ICH RC wind tower satisfied with required load condition at each height by analyzing modules.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.149
title: Nonlinear Analysis of Japanese Traditional Wooden Frames with Fitting-type Joint

description: This paper reports our research project on the seismic performance of traditional wooden frames with large-section beams. First, based on past cyclic loading tests on four frames, a simple analysis model of a fitting-type joint was constructed using beam elements. Next, past experimental results were simulated by the model. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to study about the effect of height arrangement of beams on the performance of the whole frame. The major findings of this study are as follows: (a) Some material tests are conducted for wooden test pieces cut down from all column of specimens. The compressive spring properties are decided. (b) Analysis models are constructed, and the restoring forces of frame specimens are simulated precisely. (c) The relation between height arranging beams and the change in restoring force is considered by sensitivity analysis.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.150
title: BASE ISOLATION IN SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF R/C BUILDINGS

description: The paper, based on the authorsโ direct involvement in managing actual retrofitting design, reports on seismic vulnerability assessment, design and implementation issues related to the seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings through base isolation. The retrofitting interventions design of damaged buildings involves three aspects: the damage survey, the assessment of the vulnerability of building in its original structural configuration, the design of intervention needed to reduce the building vulnerability up to a conventional level, normally indicated by the seismic standards. In the first part of the paper, the experience achieved in the retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings damaged by the Italian 2009 LโAquila earthquake is presented by referring to a typical intervention designed by the authors. Topics related to conventional vs base isolation retrofitting strategies, structureโs performance, safeguard of human life, construction efficiency and repairing cost are analyzed with reference to actual case study. Lessons learned from the Italian experience have been critically applied to the design of retrofit intervention of a building, designed according to the current Nepal set of codes and under completion at the time of the earthquake, damaged by the Gorkha 2015 earthquake. In the second part of the paper activities carried out for the definition of a specific site seismic input, for the dynamic characterization of the building and for the design of the base isolation retrofit are presented.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.151
title: Standard Section Design of FRP DSCT Tower Supporting 3MW Wind Turbine

description: A modular FRP DSCT (Fiber Reinforced Polymer Double-Skinned Composite Tubular) wind power tower was suggested and its standard section supporting 3MW wind turbine was designed. An FRP DSCT tower is composed of two concentric FRP tubes and concrete filled between the inner and outer tubes. A DSCT structure has hollowed section which reduces its self-weight. Due to inner and outer tubes, concrete is confined to increase strength and ductility. The performance of the new-type wind power tower was assessed via structural analysis. Design and analysis were carried with AutoDSCT and CoWiTA programs with consideration of confining effect of concrete and large displacement by wind turbine weight itself. The bottom diameter of the tower was set as 4.5 m as a standard. The towers which have 100%, 95%, 90% and 85% of bottom diameter were considered for design. Top diameter of the tower was set as 3.6m. For the consideration of constructing and installing the tower, each tower was divided into modules. The module sections were designed on the basis of the idea that module sections should satisfy the required bending moment and axial load. As a result, bottom diameter of 4.5m with hollow ratios below 0.85 satisfied the required load capacity and the bottom diameter of 95%, 90% and 85% with the hollow ratios below 0.82, 0.76 and 0.7 satisfied the required capacity.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.152
title: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF AXIALLY LOADED COLD-FORMED STEEL BUILT-UP BOX SECTION

description: Built up box section is a doubly symmetrical section in which two C-channel connected at the flange using self-drilling screw. They are generally used in the construction industry to obtain higher rigidity, when a single section is not sufficient. Despite being widely used in the construction industry, there are limited studies on built-up box section. Moreover, the current design code does not provide clear design guideline for the calculation of built-up box section. Therefore, research on the built-up box section is important. This paper presents a finite element model to predict the compressive strength and simulate the behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up box section. The finite element model was developed using ABAQUS CAE/6.14. Comparison of the finite element and experimental results showed good correlation. The model well predicted the behavior of the built-up box column.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.153
title: SCISSIORING ORGAMI INSPIRED DEPLOYABLE BRIDGE FOR A DISASTER

description: Many natural disasters cause not only critical situations for facilities and resident's life, but also significant damage to economy. It is obvious that quick rescue action must be undertaken and that there are many problems due to the occurrence of secondary disasters at rescue work-site. For example, many bridges were damaged by a huge earthquake in 2011 in Japanโs Tohoku areas, called the Great East Japan Earthquake. We need to develop a new rescue structure to survive these disasters. We have to consider how to rebuild damaged infrastructures and how to build a new type of rescue system. Therefore, we suggest a new type of emergency bridge, Mobile Bridge(MB). In this paper, we discuss the scissors type of bridge in order to evaluate its numerical approach including a reinforced strut and characteristics. Moreover, we analyse the design method of calculation model based on theoretical equilibrium theory.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.154
title: An Entropy-Based study on the effectiveness of prefabrication in achieving sustainable construction

description: Prefabrication has been widely adopted in the construction projects in recent years. It has also been advocated as a greener and more sustainable approach of project delivery. However, with a wealth of evidence supporting other reasons as the drivers of using prefabrication, it is questionable whether the real goal of prefabrication is to achieve sustainable construction. This study aims to investigate the roles of prefabrication in fostering sustainable construction. The effectiveness of prefabrication on fostering sustainable construction was evaluated on the five aspects enlisted by the UKโs Green Construction Board: Waste, Water, Carbon, Materials, and Biodiversity. An industry survey was conducted in Melbourne, Australia for data collection. 200 questionnaires were sent via email or post to a variety of fields within the construction industry. Entropy ranking analysis was adopted to analyze the effectiveness of using prefabrication in construction. The results suggest that prefabrication is effective in reducing construction waste and sourcing energy efficient materials. However, the utilization of prefabrication was found unsuccessful in reducing carbon emissions during the construction process. It is suggested that proactive actions should be taken at the design stage to unleash the potential of prefabrication in construction.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.155
title: Development of embedded mini-sensor for diagnosis of corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete nondestructively

description: Corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete is one of the main causes of degradation of reinforced concrete structures. Degradation occurs in reinforced concrete structures from corrosion caused by the Chloride ingress into concrete. That degradation has a severe impact on the structure in terms of maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, early detection of reinforcement corrosion is important for efficient maintenance, repair and planning. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the corrosion of reinforcement by non-destructive measurements have been used a lot. In particular CM-II (corrosion meter) is used to measure the polarization resistance, but has some disadvantages. Embedded mini-sensor has been developed in order to overcome these disadvantages. In this study, measurement of corrosion by using the mini-sensor is compared with the measured results by CM-II to verify the validity of the newly developed mini senor. Results show that there are agreement in trends of the parameters measured and as such the developed mini sensor has a promising start to be used.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.156
title: Remaining strength evaluation method of plate girders with corrosion near supports

description: In Japan, a lot of steel railway bridges were constructed during the period of rapid economic growth in the 1960s. Now, since over 50 years have passed, the aging of these structures has become conspicuous and a major social problem. In particular, for steel plate girders with open deck system, deterioration and damage due to corrosion is becoming obvious. However, the remaining strength evaluation method of corroded structures is not always sufficient. Therefore the purpose of this study is to propose the analytically-based evaluation method for the maintenance of steel railway bridges. Then the following remarks can be listed based on the results from this study.1) Regarding the shearing strength of plate girders with corrosion near supports, the remaining strength depends on the corroded surface condition of each component such as a web or a vertical stiffener. Furthermore, according to the form and degree of corrosion, the fracture mode also changes from the buckling of web to the buckling of cross-shape column consisting of the web and vertical stiffener. Then the result shows that the corroded web has more effect on the shearing strength than the vertical stiffener.2) Regarding the flaking between the web and bottom flange due to corrosion, the remaining strength is deteriorated more rapidly than above case 1), when the flaking range lengthens more than the sole plate area.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.157
title: SEISMIC DESIGN VERIFICATION OF STEEL PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

description: Steel built-up I sections, composed of plates with high width-to-thickness ratios (slender sections), are commonly used in pre-engineered buildings under the premise that the design is governed by wind. However, in the event of a severe earthquake, the sections are susceptible to local buckling and may exhibit a non-ductile behaviour. Therefore it is imperative to check the performance of such structures under the maximum credible earthquake (MCE). As a first step towards this objective, it is necessary to evaluate the post-buckling strength and ductility of such sections. In this study, a Finite element model is developed to analyze the inelastic post-buckling response of semi-compact and slender plates. The information can be used to predict the moment-rotation curves for I-sections with slender webs. A parametric study was carried out on a total of 54 pinned-base PEB frames of varying spans and heights. The elastic seismic demand under severe earthquake was estimated and compared with the design lateral capacity of PEB frames. From the results, it is concluded that even for higher seismic zones, low ductility sections (1.5 to 2) are adequate to survive MCE. Alternatively, if the design is verified for a response reduction factor of 2, then non-ductile sections can also be used.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.158
title: Seismic Performance of an Old Japanese-style Two-story Wooden House Under Strong Earthquake Ground Motion

description: In order to investigate the seismic performance of an old Japanese-style two-story wooden house, 3-D non-linear collapsing process analysis of this wooden house was conducted against a strong earthquake ground motion with the Japan Metheological Agency seismic intensity of โ6 upperโ level. A non-linear behaviour of timber elements in the wooden structure during a strong earthquake ground motion can be simulated by this 3-D non-linear collapsing process analysis. In general, the posts under an old Japa-nese-style wooden structure floor are erected on their foundation stones and are not fixed. The effect of the post fixing condition under wooden structure floor on seismic response of an old Japanese-style two-story wooden house was numerically investigated in this paper.The summary obtained in this paper is as follows.1) Seismic behaviour of an old Japanese-style two-story wooden house under a strong earthquake ground motion can be numerically simulated by 3-D collapsing process analysis.2) The application of 3-D collapsing analysis to an old Japanese-style two-story wooden house may play an important key role in seismic retrofit design process of this wooden house.3) Two-story wooden structure may be collapsed by a strong earthquake ground motion with the JMA seismic intensity of โ6 upperโ level.4) Seismic collapsing behaviour strongly depends on the post fixing condition under the floor of an old Japanese-style two-story wooden structure.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2016.159
title: Numerical Studies of Concrete Plates under Localized Blast Loads

description: An investigation has been carried out to examine the dynamic behavior of concrete plates subjected to localized blast loading. The concrete plate is modeled as a thin plate with finite dimensions sitting on an elastic three-parameter soil foundation model. The localized blast loading is expressed by using the Dirac Delta function for different value of the loadโs position. The governing equation of the problem is solved using the modified Bolotin method for determining the natural frequencies and the wave numbers of the system. The orthogonal properties of Eigen functions are used to find the general solution of the problem. Special emphasis is focused on the mid-point displacements. The results obtained allow an insight into the effect of the loadโs position, the thickness of the concrete plate on the response of the concrete plate under localized blast loading and indicate that the loadโs position and the thickness of the plate can affect their overall behavior.Keywords: Dynamic behavior, Localized blast load, Dirac Delta function, Three-parameter soil foundation, Natural frequencies, Eigen function