cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2gd3b
title: Data from: Variable mesophyll conductance among soybean cultivars sets a tradeoff between photosynthesis and water-use-efficiency

description: Photosynthetic efficiency is a critical determinant of crop yield
 potential, though it remains below the theoretical optimum in modern crop
 varieties. Enhancing mesophyll conductance, i.e. the rate of carbon
 dioxide diffusion from substomatal cavities to the sites of carboxylation,
 may increase photosynthetic and water use efficiencies. To improve
 water-use-efficiency mesophyll conductance should be increased without
 concomitantly increasing stomatal conductance. Here we partition variance
 in mesophyll conductance to within and among cultivar components across
 soybeans grown under both controlled and field conditions, and examine the
 covariation of mesophyll conductance with photosynthetic rate, stomatal
 conductance, water-use-efficiency and leaf mass per area. We demonstrate
 that mesophyll conductance varies more than 2-fold and that 38% of this
 variation is due to cultivar identity. As expected mesophyll conductance
 is positively correlated with photosynthetic rates. However, a strong
 positive correlation between mesophyll and stomatal conductance among
 cultivars apparently impedes positive scaling between mesophyll
 conductance and water-use-efficiency in soybean. Contrary to expectations,
 photosynthetic rates and mesophyll conductance both increased with
 increasing leaf mass per area. The presence of genetic variation for
 mesophyll conductance suggests there is potential to increase
 photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance by selecting for greater leaf
 mass per area. Increasing water-use-efficiency though, is unlikely unless
 there is simultaneous stabilizing selection on stomatal conductance.
description: Soybean_Laisk_CurvesPhotosynthetic CO2 response curves at sub-ambient [CO2] made at three subsaturating irradiances (aka 'Laisk' curves) on 12 cultivars of Glycine max (n=5-8, N=72).Field_LateVeg_absorptanceLeaf reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance for eight cultivars of soybean grown in the field and measured at the late vegetative growth stage.Field_LV_absorptance.csvField_EarlyRep_absorptanceLeaf reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance for eight cultivars of soybean grown in the field and measured at the early reproductive growth stage.Field_ER_absorptance.csvField_LateRep_absorptanceLeaf reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance for eight cultivars of soybean grown in the field and measured at the late reproductive growth stage.Field_LR_absorptance.csvControlledEnv_absorptanceLeaf reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance for twelve cultivars of soybean measured for the controlled environment portion of the study.CE_absorptance.csvControlledEnv_GasExchangeParametersData in this file are all measured and/or estimated gas exchange parameters from all soybean plants measured in the controlled environment portion of the study.CE_GasExchangeParameters.csvField_GasExchangeParametersData in this file are all measured and/or estimated gas exchange parameters from all soybean plants measured in the field portion of the study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3nc0g
title: Data from: Tight knit under stress: colony resilience to the loss of tandem leaders during relocation in an Indian ant

description: The movement of colonies from one nest to another is a frequent event in
 the lives of many social insects and is important for their survival and
 propagation. This goal-oriented task is accomplished by means of tandem
 running in some ant species, such as Diacamma indicum. Tandem leaders are
 central to this process as they know the location of the new nest and lead
 colony members to it. Relocations involving targeted removal of leaders
 were compared with unmanipulated and random member removal relocations.
 Behavioural observations were integrated with network analysis to examine
 the differences in the pattern of task organization at the level of
 individuals and that of the colony. All colonies completed relocation
 successfully and leaders who substituted the removed tandem leaders
 conducted the task at a similar rate having redistributed the task in a
 less skewed manner. In terms of network structure, this resilience was due
 to significantly higher density and outcloseness indicating increased
 interaction between substitute leaders. By contrast, leader–follower
 interactions and random removal networks showed no discernible changes.
 Similar explorations of other goal-oriented tasks in other societies will
 possibly unveil new facets in the interplay between individuals that
 enable the group to respond effectively to stress.
description: CR-LRR
 dataThis excel sheet
 contains the relocation data for control and leader removal relocations
 across different coloniesCR-RRR
 dataThis excel sheet
 contains the relocation data for control and random removal relocations
 across different colonies
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h8401kn
title: Data from: Testing Darwin’s hypothesis about the wonderful Venus flytrap: marginal spikes form a ‘horrid prison’ for moderate-sized insect prey

description: Botanical carnivory is a novel feeding strategy associated with numerous
 physiological and morphological adaptations. However, the benefits of
 these novel carnivorous traits are rarely tested. We used field
 observations, lab experiments, and a semi-natural experiment to test prey
 capture function of the marginal spikes on snap traps of the Venus flytrap
 (Dionaea muscipula). Our field and laboratory results suggested
 inefficient capture success: fewer than 1 in 4 prey encounters led to prey
 capture. Removing the marginal spikes decreased the rate of prey capture
 success for moderate-sized cricket prey by 90%, but this effect
 disappeared for larger prey. The nonlinear benefit of spikes suggests that
 they provide a better cage for capturing more abundant insects of moderate
 and small sizes, but may also provide a foothold for rare large prey to
 escape. Our observations support Darwin’s hypothesis that the marginal
 spikes form a ‘horrid prison’ that increases prey capture success for
 moderate-sized prey, but the decreasing benefit for larger prey is
 unexpected and previously undocumented. Thus, we find surprising
 complexity in the adaptive landscape for one of the most wonderful
 evolutionary innovations among all plants. These findings enrich
 understanding of the evolution and diversification of novel trap
 morphology in carnivorous plants.
description: Raw
 dataAll field, laboratory,
 and semi-natural field data used for this study.Davis_manuscript_dryaddata -
 final.xlsAll code used for
 analysesR Markdown file with
 code used for analyses. Note that different sections of this code refer to
 different data spreadsheets as indicated
 ("field").flytrap_dryad.Rmd
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6n8tb
title: Data from: Evidence for aggressive mimicry in an adult brood parasitic bird, and generalised defences in its host

description: Mimicry of a harmless model (aggressive mimicry) is used by egg, chick and
 fledgling brood parasites that resemble the host's own eggs, chicks
 and fledglings. However, aggressive mimicry may also evolve in adult brood
 parasites, to avoid attack from hosts and/or manipulate their perception
 of parasitism risk. We tested the hypothesis that female cuckoo finches
 (Anomalospiza imberbis) are aggressive mimics of female Euplectes weavers,
 such as the harmless, abundant and sympatric southern red bishop
 (Euplectes orix). We show that female cuckoo finch plumage colour and
 pattern more closely resembled those of Euplectes weavers (putative
 models) than Vidua finches (closest relatives); that their tawny-flanked
 prinia (Prinia subflava) hosts were equally aggressive towards female
 cuckoo finches and southern red bishops, and more aggressive to both than
 to their male counterparts; and that prinias were equally likely to reject
 an egg after seeing a female cuckoo finch or bishop, and more likely to do
 so than after seeing a male bishop near their nest. This is, to our
 knowledge, the first quantitative evidence for aggressive mimicry in an
 adult bird, and suggests that host–parasite coevolution can select for
 aggressive mimicry by avian brood parasites, and counter-defences by
 hosts, at all stages of the reproductive cycle.
description: Model_Presentation_ExperimentsModel presentation data.Model Presentation and Egg Rejection ExperimentsModel Presentation and Egg Rejection ExperimentsModel_Presentation_Egg_Rejection_Experiments.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6kg6c
title: Data from: Environmental predictors of woody plant encroachment in calcareous fens are modified by biotic and abiotic land-use legacies

description: Woody plant encroachment in grasslands is a world-wide concern. Assertions
 that abiotic stress reduction facilitates encroachment are not universally
 supported. To devise restoration and management strategies, the ability of
 stress reduction, in the context of co-occurring biotic land-use legacies,
 needs to be assessed to predict shrub cover. We determined whether
 legacy-induced reduction in Carex stricta (a potential facilitator of
 shrub encroachment and attractor of animal dispersers) and an increase in
 herbaceous invaders (potential competitors) altered the ability of stress
 reduction to predict woody plant cover in ploughed and never-ploughed
 plots within 11 Wisconsin (USA) calcareous fens. We hypothesized that
 drier conditions (low saturation stress) and higher nutrient availability
 associated with ploughing would be associated with high woody plant cover;
 that higher cover of herbaceous invaders associated with ploughing would
 predict low woody plant cover, and C. stricta cover predicts high woody
 plant cover in saturated, never-ploughed plots. Restricted
 maximum-likelihood (REML) multiple regression was used to determine the
 importance of interactions among ploughing, saturation, nutrients and the
 two biotic legacies in predicting woody richness and cover, as well as
 cover by dispersal syndromes and individual species. Unexpectedly,
 encroachment by animal-dispersed species was higher in never-ploughed
 plots, while wind-dispersed species had no relationship with ploughing.
 Animal-dispersed species cover decreased with saturation stress in
 never-ploughed plots, only. Carex cover was associated with increased
 encroachment by animal-dispersed species, mainly in never-ploughed highly
 saturated plots. Herbaceous-invasive cover was associated with decreased
 encroachment. Wind-dispersed species cover declined with increasing
 saturation stress, with responses varying among species. Synthesis and
 applications. The results suggest that the impacts of stress reduction on
 encroachment are not uniform and are modified by biotic legacies. We
 suggest that impacts of restoring stressful abiotic conditions on
 encroachment may not be known until the impacts on competitors and
 facilitators are understood.
description: Fen Shrub Encroachment
 DataThis spreadsheet
 contains all the data used for the publication "Environmental
 predictors of woody plant encroachment in calcareous fens are modified by
 biotic and abiotic land-use legacies," See attached documents for
 description.Copy of 2013 summary
 tablesjmo.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4g80s
title: Data from: The use of preferred social stimuli as rewards for rhesus macaques in behavioural neuroscience

description: Macaques are often motivated to perform in neuroscientific experiments by
 implementing fluid restriction protocols. Daily access to water is
 controlled and the monkeys are rewarded with droplets of fluid for
 performing correct trials in the laboratory. Although these protocols are
 widely used and highly effective, it is important from a 3Rs perspective
 to investigate refinements that may help to lessen the severity of the
 fluid restriction applied. We assessed the use of social stimuli (images
 of conspecifics) as rewards for four rhesus macaques performing simple
 cognitive tasks. We found that individual preferences for images of male
 faces, female perinea and control stimuli could be identified in each
 monkey. However, using preferred images did not translate into effective
 motivators on a trial-by-trial basis: animals preferred fluid rewards,
 even when fluid restriction was relaxed. There was no difference in the
 monkeys’ performance of a task when using greyscale versus colour images.
 Based on our findings, we cannot recommend the use of social stimuli, in
 this form, as a refinement to current fluid restriction protocols. We
 discuss the potential alternatives and possibilities for future research.
description: Social stimulus
 preferences of 4 rhesus macaques and task performance whilst being
 rewarded with fluid or social imagesData for each monkey for
 preference testing when pairs of images were presented on a screen (number
 of ms spent looking at an image). Performance data for all monkeys in
 tasks where the monkey could be rewarded with fluid only (control task) or
 could choose between fluid and a preferred image.PLOS_ONE_DATA.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vb686
title: Data from: Humans permanently occupied the Andean highlands by at least 7 ka

description: High-elevation environments above 2500 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.)
 were among the planet's last frontiers of human colonization.
 Research on the speed and tempo of this colonization process is active and
 holds implications for understanding rates of genetic, physiological and
 cultural adaptation in our species. Permanent occupation of high-elevation
 environments in the Andes Mountains of South America tentatively began
 with hunter–gatherers around 9 ka according to current archaeological
 estimates, though the timing is currently debated. Recent observations on
 the archaeological site of Soro Mik'aya Patjxa (8.0–6.5 ka), located
 at 3800 m.a.s.l. in the Andean Altiplano, offer an opportunity to
 independently test hypotheses for early permanent use of the region. This
 study observes low oxygen (δ18O) and high carbon (δ13C) isotope values in
 human bone, long travel distances to low-elevation zones, variable age and
 sex structure in the human population and an absence of non-local lithic
 materials. These independent lines of evidence converge to support a model
 of permanent occupation of high elevations and refute logistical and
 seasonal use models. The results constitute the strongest empirical
 support to date for permanent human occupation of the Andean highlands by
 hunter–gatherers before 7 ka.
description: Haas_etal_SMP_PermanentOccupation_RSOS_ESM
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.73h9k
title: Data from: Tropical rabbitfish and the deforestation of a warming temperate sea

description: A striking example of climate-mediated range shifts in marine systems is
 the intrusion of tropical species into temperate areas worldwide, but we
 know very little about the ecological consequences of these range
 expansions. In the Mediterranean Sea, the range expansion of tropical
 rabbitfishes that first entered the basin via the Suez Canal provides a
 good example of how tropical herbivorous fish can impact the structure of
 rocky bottoms in temperate seas. Two species of rabbitfishes have now
 become a dominant component of total fish biomass in the southernmost part
 of the eastern Mediterranean. Experimental evidence shows these species
 can profoundly transform benthic communities, turning algal forests into
 ‘barrens’, but the specific mechanisms that facilitate this shift have not
 been established. We surveyed ~1000 km of coastline in the eastern
 Mediterranean and identified two clearly distinct areas, a warmer group of
 regions with abundant tropical rabbitfish and a colder group of regions
 where these consumers were absent/ extremely rare. In regions with
 abundant rabbitfish, canopy algae were 65% less abundant, there was a 60%
 reduction of overall benthic biomass (algae and invertebrates) and a 40%
 decrease in total species richness. Video-recorded feeding experiments
 showed that the extensive barrens characteristic of regions with abundant
 rabbitfish were not due to greater rates of herbivory by these tropical
 consumers, but rather by functional differences among the herbivores.
 Temperate herbivorous fish displayed the greatest macroalgae consumption
 rates overall, but they fed exclusively on established adult macroalgae.
 In contrast, in regions with abundant rabbitfishes, these consumers fed
 complementarily on both established macroalgae and on the epilithic algal
 matrix, which typically contains macroalgal recruits. Synthesis:
 Range-shifting tropical rabbitfish can severely reduce the biomass and
 biodiversity of temperate reefs at a scale of hundreds of kilometres. A
 shift from macroalgal dominance to barrens is mediated by the addition of
 functionally diverse herbivores that characterise tropical reefs. This
 work highlights the importance of assessing the functional traits of
 range-shifting species to determine potential mechanisms of impact on
 ecological communities.
description: Survey results and
 feeding experiment dataAll fish and benthos
 (algae and invertebrate) survey data and results from feeding assays. All
 data collected in the field.data_Verges_Tomas_etalJEcol.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mv346
title: Data from: Air humidity thresholds trigger active moss spore release to extend dispersal in space and time

description: 1. Understanding the complete dispersal process is important for making
 realistic predictions of species distributions, but mechanisms for
 diaspore release in wind-dispersed species are often unknown. However,
 diaspore release under conditions that increase the probability of longer
 dispersal distances and mechanisms that extend dispersal events in time
 may have evolutionary advantages. 2. We quantified air humidity thresholds
 regulating spore release in the moss Brachythecium rutabulum. We also
 investigated the prevailing micrometeorological conditions when these
 thresholds occur in nature and how they affect dispersal distances up to
 100 m, using a mechanistic dispersal model. 3. We show that moss spores
 were mainly released when the peristome teeth were opening, as relative
 air humidity (RH) decreased from high values to relatively low (mainly
 between 90% and 75% RH). This most often occurred in the morning, when
 wind speeds were relatively low. Surprisingly, the model predicted that an
 equally high proportion of the spores would travel distances beyond 100 m
 (horizontally) when released in the wind conditions prevailing during
 events of RH decrease in the morning, that lead to peristome opening, as
 in the highest wind speeds. Moreover, a higher proportion of the spores
 reached high altitudes when released at the lower wind speeds during the
 morning compared to the higher speeds later in the day, indicating a
 possibility for extended dispersal distances when released in the morning.
 Dispersal in the morning is enhanced by a combination of a more unstable
 atmospheric surface layer, that promotes vertical dispersal, and a lower
 wind speed that decreases the spore deposition probability onto the
 ground, compared to later in the day. 4. Our study demonstrates an active
 spore release mechanism in response to diurnally changing air humidity.
 The mechanism may promote longer dispersal distances, because of enhanced
 vertical dispersal and because spores being released in the morning have
 more time to travel before the wind calms down at night. The mechanism
 also leads to a prolonged dispersal period over the season, which may be
 viewed as a risk spreading in time that ultimately also leads to a higher
 diversity of establishment conditions, dispersal distances and directions.
description: RH_thresholdsRH thresholds and spore releaseRH_wind_stabilityMicrometeorological data on RH, wind speed and stability
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5m2671qf
title: Data from: Measuring the fitness benefits of male mate choice in Drosophila melanogaster

description: It is increasingly realised that the potential for male mate choice is
 widespread across many taxa. However, measurements of the relative
 magnitude of the fitness benefits that such choice can confer are lacking.
 Here we directly measured, in a comprehensive set of tests that
 manipulated key variables, the fitness benefits of male mate choice in
 Drosophila melanogaster, by measuring egg production in females that were
 chosen or rejected by males. The results provided significant evidence for
 male mate choice. In absolute terms, the observed degree of choice
 increased male fitness by an average of only 1.59 eggs. However, using a
 novel technique we show that this benefit of choice represented 14.5% of
 the maximum potential fitness benefit of choice. The magnitude of mate
 choice was not significantly altered by variation in (i) mate
 compatibility, (ii) phenotypic plasticity in male mate choice, or (iii)
 whether choosing males were preferred or non-preferred by females.
 Overall, we show that male mate choice represents a subtle but significant
 opportunity for sexual selection, and we offer a novel and widely
 applicable method for quantifying mate choice.
description: Results of paired choice
 tests.See data file for
 description of abbreviations.Data for
 Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.427v8
title: Data from: Bottom-up regulation of parasite population densities in freshwater ecosystems

description: Theory predicts the bottom–up coupling of resource and consumer densities,
 and epidemiological models make the same prediction for host–parasite
 interactions. Empirical evidence that spatial variation in local host
 density drives parasite population density remains scarce, however. We
 test the coupling of consumer (parasite) and resource (host) populations
 using data from 310 populations of metazoan parasites infecting
 invertebrates and fish in New Zealand lakes, spanning a range of
 transmission modes. Both parasite density (no. parasites per m2) and
 intensity of infection (no. parasites per infected hosts) were quantified
 for each parasite population, and related to host density, spatial
 variability in host density and transmission mode (egg ingestion, contact
 transmission or trophic transmission). The results show that dense and
 temporally stable host populations are exploited by denser and more stable
 parasite populations. For parasites with multi-host cycles, density of the
 ‘source’ host did not matter: only density of the current host affected
 parasite density at a given life stage. For contact-transmitted parasites,
 intensity of infection decreased with increasing host density. Our results
 support the strong bottom–up coupling of consumer and resource densities,
 but also suggest that intraspecific competition among parasites may be
 weaker when hosts are abundant: high host density promotes greater
 parasite population density, but also reduces the number of conspecific
 parasites per individual host.
description: Host density VS parasite
 densityThe file provides
 densities (per m2) for 310 parasite populations, from 16 freshwater
 localities in New Zealand, as well as local densities of their
 hosts.