cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757267
title: Methane mitigation and ruminal fermentation changes in cows fed cottonseed and vitamin E

description: ABSTRACT: Inherently, ruminant production of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas (GHG), causes animal energy losses. Cottonseed is a lipid source and is used sometimes to enhance energy density in cattle diets. It also can mitigate enteric CH4. Lipids release peroxides in the rumen, and antioxidants have the ability to neutralize them. Thus, a lipid and antioxidant source can benefit rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate rumen fermentation parameters from cows fed cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows were arranged in a replicate 3 × 3 latin square. Treatments were: 1) Control, 2) CS (30 % corn replaced by cottonseed) and 3) CSVitE (30 % corn replaced by cottonseed, plus 500 IU VitE). Results were compared by orthogonal contrast. When compared to the control diet, cottonseed inclusion reduced enteric CH4 emissions by 42 %. Production of acetate, butyrate and the acetate to propionate ratio were respectively 34 %, 47 % and 36 % lower with the cottonseed treatments. Energy lost in the rumen as CH4 and energy release as butyrate were reduced by 26 % and 32 % respectively. Propionate and intestinal energy release were, respectively, 43 % and 35 % higher with cottonseed treatments. Furthermore, as a nutritional strategy to mitigate enteric CH4, cottonseed has positive effects on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and gastrointestinal energy release. Vitamin E did not result in improvements in ruminal fermentation. Further studies evaluating levels of vitamin E in association with different amounts and sources of lipids are required.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757225
title: Dry Spells in Brazil: Observations and Modelling (CMIP5)

description: Abstract In South America, the water disponibility in several regions is a limit condition on socioeconomic development. More constant impacts are observed in social and economic areas due to the drought, for example, in the Northeast of Brazil (NEB) and Central West of Brazil (COB), mainly in activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, electricity distribution and Water supply and tourism. The objective of this work is to investigate quantitatively and qualitatively the characteristics of five and ten day dry spells in Brazil during the southern seasons and the relation of these drought events in climatic contrasts such as El Niño, La Niña in the Tropical Pacific (1971-1999) and future period (2021-2050) with the aim of improving the knowledge of the seasonal variation of rainfall in the country with emphasis on the dry spells to potentiate socioeconomic actions that depend on their variability with less scratches. Data of daily precipitation (1971-1999) from the National Center Environment Prediction - Climate Prediction Center - NCEP - CPC of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States on Brazil were used in grid points (1° x 1° of latitude and longitude). For the comparisons with these observed data and for the future periods will be used of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5th Phase) project, using daily precipitation data of models in the periods 1971-1999 and projected for the Period: 2021-2050, with configurations of the RCP8.5 experiment to analyze the current observed variability of in Brazil and its future projections. The results showed that for the period 2021-2050 compared to the 1971-1999 observations, the CMIP5 models projected a higher probability of more 10 events to dry spells of ten days in the COB and more events minor or equal the five days to five days dry spells over the NEB to summer and autumn season.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757267.v1
title: Methane mitigation and ruminal fermentation changes in cows fed cottonseed and vitamin E

description: ABSTRACT: Inherently, ruminant production of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas (GHG), causes animal energy losses. Cottonseed is a lipid source and is used sometimes to enhance energy density in cattle diets. It also can mitigate enteric CH4. Lipids release peroxides in the rumen, and antioxidants have the ability to neutralize them. Thus, a lipid and antioxidant source can benefit rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate rumen fermentation parameters from cows fed cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows were arranged in a replicate 3 × 3 latin square. Treatments were: 1) Control, 2) CS (30 % corn replaced by cottonseed) and 3) CSVitE (30 % corn replaced by cottonseed, plus 500 IU VitE). Results were compared by orthogonal contrast. When compared to the control diet, cottonseed inclusion reduced enteric CH4 emissions by 42 %. Production of acetate, butyrate and the acetate to propionate ratio were respectively 34 %, 47 % and 36 % lower with the cottonseed treatments. Energy lost in the rumen as CH4 and energy release as butyrate were reduced by 26 % and 32 % respectively. Propionate and intestinal energy release were, respectively, 43 % and 35 % higher with cottonseed treatments. Furthermore, as a nutritional strategy to mitigate enteric CH4, cottonseed has positive effects on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and gastrointestinal energy release. Vitamin E did not result in improvements in ruminal fermentation. Further studies evaluating levels of vitamin E in association with different amounts and sources of lipids are required.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757225.v1
title: Dry Spells in Brazil: Observations and Modelling (CMIP5)

description: Abstract In South America, the water disponibility in several regions is a limit condition on socioeconomic development. More constant impacts are observed in social and economic areas due to the drought, for example, in the Northeast of Brazil (NEB) and Central West of Brazil (COB), mainly in activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, electricity distribution and Water supply and tourism. The objective of this work is to investigate quantitatively and qualitatively the characteristics of five and ten day dry spells in Brazil during the southern seasons and the relation of these drought events in climatic contrasts such as El Niño, La Niña in the Tropical Pacific (1971-1999) and future period (2021-2050) with the aim of improving the knowledge of the seasonal variation of rainfall in the country with emphasis on the dry spells to potentiate socioeconomic actions that depend on their variability with less scratches. Data of daily precipitation (1971-1999) from the National Center Environment Prediction - Climate Prediction Center - NCEP - CPC of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States on Brazil were used in grid points (1° x 1° of latitude and longitude). For the comparisons with these observed data and for the future periods will be used of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5th Phase) project, using daily precipitation data of models in the periods 1971-1999 and projected for the Period: 2021-2050, with configurations of the RCP8.5 experiment to analyze the current observed variability of in Brazil and its future projections. The results showed that for the period 2021-2050 compared to the 1971-1999 observations, the CMIP5 models projected a higher probability of more 10 events to dry spells of ten days in the COB and more events minor or equal the five days to five days dry spells over the NEB to summer and autumn season.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757186
title: Accuracy of ECMWF ERA-Interim Reanalysis and its Application in the Estimation of the Water Deficieny in Paraná, Brazil

description: Abstract The use of data from global atmospheric models is an alternative to missing surface meteorological data, but few studies have determined the accuracy of these models and evaluated their use in water balance modeling. We determine the accuracy of the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset and its application in the calculations of water deficiency in Paraná, Brazil. We used 10-day period mean air temperature (ºC) and rainfall (mm) monthly data from 1989 to 2014 from ECMWF ERA-Interim and surface data (INMET). For a more careful evaluation, the meteorological data were stratified by macro regions and seasons. We calculated the climatological water balance according to Thorthwaite and Mather (1955) for both data sources with CAD = 100 mm. The maps were generated using geographic information system (SIG) and the comparisons between the ECMWF ERA-Interim data and the meteorological station data were performed by the indexes that evaluate the accuracy, precision and trend of the data. The TAIR of ECMWF ERA-Interim showed high accuracy in all seasons of the year, with MAPE &gt; 5% and lower than &lt; 2ºC for all Paraná State. The Tukey test proved the high accuracy, as it evidenced by the equality between the TERA-I and TINMET data. The PERA-I consistently underestimated the PINMETs that occurred in the Northwest, North and Southwest macro-regions, showing low accuracies (R2 ≅ 0) and high MAPE (&gt; 15%). The Tukey test proved that the PERA-I and PINMET are different, and thus demonstrates that the PERA-I needs corrections to be used. The accuracy of the DEFERA-I was reasonable demonstrating a confidence index of C = 0.69, which corresponds to a “good” performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757183
title: History of hospital care in São Paulo: State grants to the misericórdia charitable associations

description: Abstract This article investigates how the santas casas de misericórdia charitable associations in the state of São Paulo were subsidized by the municipal, provincial, and state governments at the turn of the twentieth century. Budget appropriations from 1838 to 1915 were examined to evaluate these charitable grants as well as the growth in funding during this period. While a care network created with strong state backing, it was put into action by philanthropic assistance. This network of hospital care retained the same format until at least the first third of the twentieth century, and included misericórdia establishments created within the interior of the state of São Paulo.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757186.v1
title: Accuracy of ECMWF ERA-Interim Reanalysis and its Application in the Estimation of the Water Deficieny in Paraná, Brazil

description: Abstract The use of data from global atmospheric models is an alternative to missing surface meteorological data, but few studies have determined the accuracy of these models and evaluated their use in water balance modeling. We determine the accuracy of the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset and its application in the calculations of water deficiency in Paraná, Brazil. We used 10-day period mean air temperature (ºC) and rainfall (mm) monthly data from 1989 to 2014 from ECMWF ERA-Interim and surface data (INMET). For a more careful evaluation, the meteorological data were stratified by macro regions and seasons. We calculated the climatological water balance according to Thorthwaite and Mather (1955) for both data sources with CAD = 100 mm. The maps were generated using geographic information system (SIG) and the comparisons between the ECMWF ERA-Interim data and the meteorological station data were performed by the indexes that evaluate the accuracy, precision and trend of the data. The TAIR of ECMWF ERA-Interim showed high accuracy in all seasons of the year, with MAPE &gt; 5% and lower than &lt; 2ºC for all Paraná State. The Tukey test proved the high accuracy, as it evidenced by the equality between the TERA-I and TINMET data. The PERA-I consistently underestimated the PINMETs that occurred in the Northwest, North and Southwest macro-regions, showing low accuracies (R2 ≅ 0) and high MAPE (&gt; 15%). The Tukey test proved that the PERA-I and PINMET are different, and thus demonstrates that the PERA-I needs corrections to be used. The accuracy of the DEFERA-I was reasonable demonstrating a confidence index of C = 0.69, which corresponds to a “good” performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757183.v1
title: History of hospital care in São Paulo: State grants to the misericórdia charitable associations

description: Abstract This article investigates how the santas casas de misericórdia charitable associations in the state of São Paulo were subsidized by the municipal, provincial, and state governments at the turn of the twentieth century. Budget appropriations from 1838 to 1915 were examined to evaluate these charitable grants as well as the growth in funding during this period. While a care network created with strong state backing, it was put into action by philanthropic assistance. This network of hospital care retained the same format until at least the first third of the twentieth century, and included misericórdia establishments created within the interior of the state of São Paulo.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757153
title: Contribution of organic amendments to soil properties and survival of Stenocarpella on maize stalk

description: ABSTRACT: The incorporation of organic matter to the soil not only improves nutrient content, but also reduces the survival of Stenocarpella, the causal agent of stalk rot, Diplodia ear rot, and grey leaf spot, in maize stubble. We evaluated the effect of organic waste incorporation on Stenocarpella survival in maize stalks, the activity of suppressiveness-related enzymes, and nutrient contents. We conducted the assays in the municipalities of Lavras and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Maize stalks infested with Stenocarpella were kept in field conditions for three months after poultry litter, swine manure, fish hydrolysate, compost sewage sludge, and urea application. Infested stalks, without residue amendment, were kept on surface or incorporated into the soil, representing negative and positive controls. Stenocarpella concentration in stalks was assessed using qPCR expressed as cycle threshold number. Sewage sludge, buried stalks, and stalks retained on the surface showed reduction of pathogen inoculum. Swine manure and urea did not reduce the quantity of DNA. In the experiment conducted in Lavras, poultry litter stimulated β-glucosidase, urease and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate activities when compared to the negative control. Sewage sludge, poultry litter, and swine manure increased Ca in the soil by 44 %, 38 % and 36 %, respectively, in the experiment conducted in Lavras. Poultry litter increased Ntotal three months after application. The results indicate that organic wastes are promising in improving nutrient content, activity of hydrolysis-related enzymes, but Stenocarpella inoculum dynamics should be taken into consideration when deciding on the specific organic amendment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757150
title: INNOVATION IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE ROLE OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND OF THE INSERTION IN THE LOCAL AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

description: ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the effects of the insertion in local and global value chains as a determinant of company innovation, identifying the main characteristics of the nature of the interactions that arise in the value chain, as well as the relationship between innovation, internal resources to the company and their insertion in value chains. Originality/value: This paper combines insights from different streams of literature to develop a more comprehensive framework for the analysis of firms’ innovation in emerging countries. We consider relationships among partners in the local and global value chain and the influence of the internal resources as crucially important for the access to external knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: Econometric analysis were performed using generalized linear models (GLM). The period of analysis covers the years 1998 to 2011. We investigate our hypotheses using different models to relate firms’ innovation capacity to local and global value chains and the ownership of internal and external resources. Findings: Using data from Brazilian firms from 1998 to 2011, we found that the relationship with all partners in global value chain contributed to the increase of the Brazilian firm’s innovation. The internal resources had a positive influence in firm’s innovation, suggesting that the firm’s internal resources are crucially important in the access to external knowledge, which means that the ability of firms to make use of this knowledge depends, in turn, on their absorptive capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757147
title: Factors associated with the number of filled teeth in adolescents from public schools: a cohort study

description: Abstract This study aimed to assess the association of demographic conditions, socioeconomic status, clinical variables, and psychosocial factors with the number of filled teeth in adolescents from public schools. This cohort study comprised 1,134 12-year-old adolescents enrolled in public schools in Santa Maria, Brazil, in 2012. They were followed-up in 2014, where 743 individuals were reassessed (follow-up rate of 65.52%) for the number of filled teeth. Data were collected via dental examinations and structured interviews. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were collected from parents or legal guardians. The psychosocial factor comprised students’ subjective measurement of happiness (Brazilian version of the Subjective Happiness Scale - SHS). Dental examinations were performed to assess the number of filled teeth through decay, missing, and filled teeth index (DMF-T). Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the association between baseline variables and filled teeth at follow-up. The number of filled teeth in 2012 and 2014 were 193 (17.02%) and 235 (31.63%), respectively. The incidence of filled teeth in 2014 was 42 (5.65%). Adolescents with untreated dental caries, those who visited the dentist in the last 6 months, those that exhibited being happier, and those who had filled teeth at baseline were associated with a higher number of filled teeth at follow-up. We conclude that the number of filled teeth in adolescents was influenced by clinical and psychosocial factors, emphasizing the need to focus on oral health policies in individuals with higher disease burden and those who feel psychologically inferior.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757150.v1
title: INNOVATION IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE ROLE OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND OF THE INSERTION IN THE LOCAL AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

description: ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the effects of the insertion in local and global value chains as a determinant of company innovation, identifying the main characteristics of the nature of the interactions that arise in the value chain, as well as the relationship between innovation, internal resources to the company and their insertion in value chains. Originality/value: This paper combines insights from different streams of literature to develop a more comprehensive framework for the analysis of firms’ innovation in emerging countries. We consider relationships among partners in the local and global value chain and the influence of the internal resources as crucially important for the access to external knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: Econometric analysis were performed using generalized linear models (GLM). The period of analysis covers the years 1998 to 2011. We investigate our hypotheses using different models to relate firms’ innovation capacity to local and global value chains and the ownership of internal and external resources. Findings: Using data from Brazilian firms from 1998 to 2011, we found that the relationship with all partners in global value chain contributed to the increase of the Brazilian firm’s innovation. The internal resources had a positive influence in firm’s innovation, suggesting that the firm’s internal resources are crucially important in the access to external knowledge, which means that the ability of firms to make use of this knowledge depends, in turn, on their absorptive capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757153.v1
title: Contribution of organic amendments to soil properties and survival of Stenocarpella on maize stalk

description: ABSTRACT: The incorporation of organic matter to the soil not only improves nutrient content, but also reduces the survival of Stenocarpella, the causal agent of stalk rot, Diplodia ear rot, and grey leaf spot, in maize stubble. We evaluated the effect of organic waste incorporation on Stenocarpella survival in maize stalks, the activity of suppressiveness-related enzymes, and nutrient contents. We conducted the assays in the municipalities of Lavras and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Maize stalks infested with Stenocarpella were kept in field conditions for three months after poultry litter, swine manure, fish hydrolysate, compost sewage sludge, and urea application. Infested stalks, without residue amendment, were kept on surface or incorporated into the soil, representing negative and positive controls. Stenocarpella concentration in stalks was assessed using qPCR expressed as cycle threshold number. Sewage sludge, buried stalks, and stalks retained on the surface showed reduction of pathogen inoculum. Swine manure and urea did not reduce the quantity of DNA. In the experiment conducted in Lavras, poultry litter stimulated β-glucosidase, urease and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate activities when compared to the negative control. Sewage sludge, poultry litter, and swine manure increased Ca in the soil by 44 %, 38 % and 36 %, respectively, in the experiment conducted in Lavras. Poultry litter increased Ntotal three months after application. The results indicate that organic wastes are promising in improving nutrient content, activity of hydrolysis-related enzymes, but Stenocarpella inoculum dynamics should be taken into consideration when deciding on the specific organic amendment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11757147.v1
title: Factors associated with the number of filled teeth in adolescents from public schools: a cohort study

description: Abstract This study aimed to assess the association of demographic conditions, socioeconomic status, clinical variables, and psychosocial factors with the number of filled teeth in adolescents from public schools. This cohort study comprised 1,134 12-year-old adolescents enrolled in public schools in Santa Maria, Brazil, in 2012. They were followed-up in 2014, where 743 individuals were reassessed (follow-up rate of 65.52%) for the number of filled teeth. Data were collected via dental examinations and structured interviews. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were collected from parents or legal guardians. The psychosocial factor comprised students’ subjective measurement of happiness (Brazilian version of the Subjective Happiness Scale - SHS). Dental examinations were performed to assess the number of filled teeth through decay, missing, and filled teeth index (DMF-T). Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the association between baseline variables and filled teeth at follow-up. The number of filled teeth in 2012 and 2014 were 193 (17.02%) and 235 (31.63%), respectively. The incidence of filled teeth in 2014 was 42 (5.65%). Adolescents with untreated dental caries, those who visited the dentist in the last 6 months, those that exhibited being happier, and those who had filled teeth at baseline were associated with a higher number of filled teeth at follow-up. We conclude that the number of filled teeth in adolescents was influenced by clinical and psychosocial factors, emphasizing the need to focus on oral health policies in individuals with higher disease burden and those who feel psychologically inferior.