cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17529
title: Washoe Indian woman carrying her papoose on her back, ca.1900

description: Photograph of a Washoe Indian woman carrying her papoose on her back, ca.1900. The woman is wearing a leather(?) tunic and skirt. The ends of the tunic and skirt are cut into short strips. Her outfit is decorated with hand(?) drawings. Drawings are visible on her face and hand. The papoose is snuggled in its (his/her?) papoose basket. The basket is attached to the cradle by thin ropes. The woman carries the cradle on her back with the supporting rope strapped around her head just above the forehead. Just above the baby's head is a screen made of wicker to protect the baby from the sun and possibly rain.; "American Indian people of the Great Basin region of North America, who made their home around Lake Tahoe just east of the Sierra Nevada. Their peak numerical strength before contact with whites may have been 1,500, whereas today perhaps fewer than 600 remain in the original Washo territory. Linguistically isolated from the other Great Basin peoples, they have been placed in the Hokan stock. The Washo were fishermen, hunters of small mammals, and gatherers of pine nuts, acorns, and various roots and berries. They depended on deer and antelope for some of their dress and for their cone-shaped dwellings. They were especially noted for their superb basketry." -- Encyclopedia Britannica.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m2773
title: Portrait of an Apache papoose tightly wrapped in a papoose basket, strapped to a carryall, and propped up next to a bow and arrows, Arizona, 1880

description: Photograph portrait of an Apache papoose tightly wrapped in a papoose basket, strapped to a carryall, and propped up next to a bow and arrows, Arizona, 1880. The carryall has a built-in wicker sunshade to protect the infant's face. To the left of the papoose are three hand-woven basket stacked on top of each other. On the basket are drawings such as a human figure, a cross, a cactus and wavy lines. Picture file card reads: "a young Apache warrior."
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17530
title: Portrait of an Oregon Indian papoose (baby) in a cradle, ca.1900

description: Photographic portrait of an Oregon Indian papoose (baby) in a cradle, ca.1900. The wide-eyed papoose is snuggly wrapped in a papoose basket and hangs from its cradle. The papoose is wearing bead necklaces and bracelets. Its papoose basket has flowery-shaped designs. A curtain partially covers the neutral background.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m14499
title: Statue of a Mexican horseman (or caballero), [s.d.]

description: Photograph of a statue of a Mexican horseman (or caballero), [s.d.]. Photographed in front of a picture of a Spanish-style building. The size of the stature is probably smaller than lifesize (perhaps less than a foot high). The saddle, reins, shawl, and sombrero appear to be made of fabric. Mexican handwork.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17531
title: Portrait of a Paiute Indian papoose, ca.1900

description: Photographic portrait of a Paiute Indian papoose, ca.1900. The papoose, smiling and twiddling its fingers, is snugly fitted into its papoose basket and strapped to a cradle (or carryall?). The cradle is placed in an upright position. On a neutral background.; "[The Paiute], also spelled PIUTE, [are] either of two distinct American Indian groups that speak languages of the Numic (formerly called Plateau Shoshonean) group of the Uto-Aztecan family. The Southern Paiute, who speak Ute, at one time occupied southern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, and southeastern California, the last group being known as the Chemehuevi. Although encroached upon and directed into reservations by the U.S. government in the 19th century, the Southern Paiute had comparatively little friction with whites; and many stayed scattered in the territories, working on the ranches of whites or remaining on the fringes of white settlements." -- Encyclopedia Britannica.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17532
title: Portrait of a Paiute Indian papoose with fingers in its mouth, ca.1900

description: Photographic portrait of a Paiute Indian papoose with fingers in its mouth, ca.1900. The papoose is snugly fitted into its (his/her?) papoose basket and strapped to a cradle (or carryall?). The papoose has a finger in its mouth. The cradle is placed in an upright position. On a dark background.; "[The Paiute], also spelled PIUTE, [are] either of two distinct American Indian groups that speak languages of the Numic (formerly called Plateau Shoshonean) group of the Uto-Aztecan family. The Southern Paiute, who speak Ute, at one time occupied southern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, and southeastern California, the last group being known as the Chemehuevi. Although encroached upon and directed into reservations by the U.S. government in the 19th century, the Southern Paiute had comparatively little friction with whites; and many stayed scattered in the territories, working on the ranches of whites or remaining on the fringes of white settlements." -- Encyclopedia Britannica.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m13850
title: Portrait of a Yakima Indian papoose, ca.1900

description: Photographic portrait of a Yakima Indian papoose, ca.1900. The papoose is snuggly fitted into his or her papoose basket and strapped to a carryall or cradle. The carryall has a built-in sunshade to protect the infant's face. The sunshade, flipped upwards, reveals the flowery design on it. The carryall is placed in an upright position against some grass-covered rocks somewhere outdoors. Picture file card reads: "a queen."; "Sahaptian-speaking Indian tribe that lived along the Columbia, Yakima, and Wenatchee rivers in south-central Washington. They were members of the Plateau culture area and were primarily salmon fishers. Although culturally much like other Sahaptin Indians of the Plateau, the Yakima acquired historical distinction in the Yakima Indian Wars (1855-58), a failed attempt by the Indians to resist U.S. forces intent upon clearing the Washington Territory for white prospectors and settlers." -- Encyclopedia Britannica.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17533
title: Portrait of an Indian papoose, ca.1900

description: Photographic portrait of an Indian papoose, ca.1900. The papoose is snugly fitted into its papoose basket and strapped to a carryall (or cradle?). The carryall has a built-in wicker sunshade to protect the infant's face. The material used to wrap the papoose into the carryall is light-colored and has green and blue horizontal stripes. The carryall is placed in an upright position. On a light background.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17534
title: View of a statue of Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste, by Alice Cooper, located in Washington Park, Portland, Oregon, ca.1905-1915

description: Photograph of a view of a statue of Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste, by Alice Cooper, located in Washington Park, Portland, Oregon, ca.1905-1915. The statue is mounted on a large rock. Sacajawea, standing in a walking stance, has her right arm extended and pointing upwards. She has her baby (Jean-Baptiste) on her back. A plaque to describe the statue (or its importance?) is embedded into the rock. An outhouse (or gazebo?) is situated between several trees in the background. Sacajawea was a guide for the Lewis and Clark expedition. "Unveiled July 6, 1905; Moved to Washington Park, April 6, 1906" -- unknown author.; "There is no known image of Sacagawea that was made of her during her lifetime, so no one can be sure what she really looked like. Yet because the Shoshone woman has been the subject of so many sculptures and paintings, especially since about 1900, we have a rich heritage of artists' conceptions to contemplate. Meriwether Lewis, in his journal entry for August 19, 1805, left us a brief description of the general physical appearance of the Shoshone people, including their manner of dress. Some artists have taken it into account, others not. Visual images of Sacagawea will be the primary focus of this episode, and more will be added to the gallery as we acquire them. But some short essays also will be introduced from time to time. Topics will include her name -- its spellings, pronunciations, and possible meanings; her role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition; her life, character and death; and the history of the controversies surrounding the largely fictitious persona that scant facts have engendered. To begin with, we can shed some light on the long and increasingly bitter history of the noun by which Lewis and Clark occasionally referred to her in their journals -- squaw." -- Joseph Mussulman.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m11786
title: A horse team (desert freighters) starting for Bullfrog from Las Vegas, Nevada, ca.1895-1905

description: Photograph of a horse team (desert freighters) starting for Bullfrog from Las Vegas, Nevada, ca.1895-1905. A 12-horse team pulling 3 covered wagons with single jerk line to horses as they team overland. The horses kick up dirt as they gallop through the town. A horseman rides close to the wagon team. In the background are early western-like buildings. Legible signs include: "Las Vegas Bank & Trust Co., capital 3,000,000", "drugs".
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m11410
title: Crowds of men gabling in a casino, ca.1900

description: Photograph of crowds of men gabling in a casino, ca.1900. At each table are a handful of men gambling or watching. Poker chips are piled in front of the players -- some have more than others. One of the players at the table in the foreground appears to be a young boy or teenager. Another player at the same table appears to be a female (right corner). Legible signs include: "seats for players only", "craps [...]". Picture file card reads: "western gambling scene."
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m11412
title: Interior view of a gambling hall showing a roulette table with $20,000 in gold (or chips?) on the table, ca.1900

description: Photograph of an interior view of a gambling hall showing a roulette table with $20,000 in gold (or chips?) on the table, ca.1900. The roulette wheel is situated at the center of the long table. On each end are the betting boards. An old man sits at the center next to the roulette wheel. There are three players on the left side of the table and two on the right.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m13562
title: Paul deLongpre and his daughter in the garden of their residential house in Hollywood, ca.1910

description: Photograph of Paul DeLongpre and his daughter in the garden of their residential house in Hollywood, ca.1910. DeLongpre is examining (or picking?) the flowers in his garden. His daughter is holding an open basket containing flowers. They are both standing on a dirt path within the garden. Planted around them are a variety of flowers, plants, bushes and trees.; "A famous French and American flower painter, Paul DeLongpre was the most significant watercolor specialist to arrive in Los Angeles in the late 19th century and became the city's first major still-life painter. It is likely he was the first southern California painter to earn a major national reputation. In 1899, he moved his family to Southern California because he was so impressed by the floral landscapes and flowers he saw. He paid only ten dollars for a huge lot at Cahuenga and Hollywood Boulevard, now part of downtown Hollywood. He built an extravagant Moorish style mansion surrounded by a three-acre lot on which he grew four-thousand rose bushes. This site became the first tourist attraction in Hollywood, and from the gardens, he found many floral still life subjects." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m14500
title: Group of monks outside at Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, California, 1900

description: Photograph of group of 14 monks standing (mostly) outside Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, California, 1900. A two-story wooden building is visible behind them. Five of them are in a garden. A wooden frame bell tower is visible agains the building. Many of the monks have tonsurs.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m11411
title: Interior view of a gambling hall showing a faro game, ca.1900

description: Photograph of the interior view of a gambling hall showing a faro game, ca.1900. 13 men are gathered at the table -- out of which only a handful appear to be playing. Chips are piled on top of different cards in the centerpiece of the table. Everyone is watching the game attentively except for a few men (standing at left).; "Faro is an old game, with roots going back to the 15th Century and a game called 'Basset'. It attained its modern form at the court of Louis XIV. Despite this distinguished pedigree, its appeal in 19th Century America ran to all classes of society, from the banker to the '49er and was commonly called, among the 'baser sort', 'Bucking the Tiger'. Faro is not much played today, as it is a banking game and gambling houses tend to favor games where the odds are more clearly in favor of the house. In an honest Faro game, the punter's chances are just a little short of even of coming out ahead. Most dealers skewed those odds in their favor with some quite remarkable card shuffling and other ingenious ways of cheating." -- Walter Nelson.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17535
title: View of a craps game inside a western saloon, ca.1890-1910

description: Photograph of a view of a craps game inside a western saloon, ca.1890-1910. Crowds of men are gathered around or near the craps table. A dealer stands behind the table resting his hands on the chips. A lamp and several light bulbs hanging from the ceiling provide light for the room. Pictures or paintings as well as coats and hats are hung on the walls. On the counter in the background are two stuffed animals (or statues?). Legible signs include: "these dice guaranteed to be square", "Lemps", "beer", "field, right".
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m4423
title: Painting (or drawing?) of ox carts being unloaded at the plaza in Santa Fe, New Mexico, ca.1910

description: Photograph of a painting (or drawing?) of ox carts being unloaded at the plaza in Santa Fe, New Mexico, ca.1910.  A row of ox-drawn carriages is lined up in front of the unloading area. Many oxen are lying down. Clusters of men are lounging around next to the posts of the buildings to the right. The church in the background is the La Parroquia, which preceded the St. Francis Cathedral. "Presumably the ox carts traveled to Santa Fe on the Old Santa Fe Trail which originated in Independence, Missouri." -- unknown author.; "On the site where St. Frances Cathedral stands today there was originally a small mission church. That mission was burned down in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. After the Spanish regained control in 1692, a more substantial adobe church, La Parroquia, was built on this site. That church served for almost 200 years. Finally, in 1884, La Parroquia was replaced by St. Frances Cathedral. The new Cathedral, intended for the ages, was constructed of stone from local quarries and from the La Bajada Mesa, west of town." -- Elizabeth Anne VanderPutten.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m13843
title: Close-up of a bull skull with an engraved message from Brigham Young, [s.d.]

description: Photograph of a close-up of a bull skull with an engraved message from Brigham Young, [s.d.]. The message on the bull skull ("a bulletin of the plains") reads: "Pioneers camped here June 3, 1847, making 15 miles today - all well - Brigham Young." The skull, possibly mounted on a platform, is positioned upright with the horns pointing upwards.; "Young, Brigham. President of the Mormon Church, 1847-77. Was born at Whitingham, Vermont, in 1801. Having embraced the teachings of Joseph Smith, he began preaching at Kirtland, Ohio, in 1832. Following the death of Joseph Smith at Nauvoo, Illinois, 1844, Young assumed leadership. In 1845 he led a party westward from Nauvoo, reaching the central valley of Utah in 1847, where he founded Salt Lake City, and established the site of the new temple. In 1852 he proclaimed polygamy, which was finally officially prohibited in 1890. He established in 1868 Zion's cooperative mercantile institution. The growth and prosperity of the Mormon settlements in Utah under his direction attest to his remarkable administrative ability. Died 1877." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17536
title: The grave of Brigham Young at Salt Lake City, Utah, [s.d.]

description: Photograph of the grave of Brigham Young at Salt Lake City, Utah, [s.d.]. A metal fence with spear-like ends guards the face of the tomb. The tomb is a rectangular shaped cement(?) slab. Next to it is smaller slab, possibly the tombstone. A wall with a metal fence encloses the burial area. Trees and buildings are visible in the background.; "This unostentatious tomb of one of the most noted men of his time, is often remarked by tourists who expected to see a mausoleum more in keeping with the greatness of a man loved and revered by so large a community. The tomb is a stone box, covered with a granite block of great weight and is practically in accordance with his expressed wishes. It stands in a private cemetery not far from the Eagle Gate." -- unknown author.; "Young, Brigham. President of the Mormon Church, 1847-77. Was born at Whitingham, Vermont, in 1801. Having embraced the teachings of Joseph Smith, he began preaching at Kirtland, Ohio, in 1832. Following the death of Joseph Smith at Nauvoo, Illinois, 1844, Young assumed leadership. In 1845 he led a party westward from Nauvoo, reaching the central valley of Utah in 1847, where he founded Salt Lake City, and established the site of the new temple. In 1852 he proclaimed polygamy, which was finally officially prohibited in 1890. He established in 1868 Zion's cooperative mercantile institution. The growth and prosperity of the Mormon settlements in Utah under his direction attest to his remarkable administrative ability. Died 1877." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m14069
title: View of the Salton Sea at sunset, Riverside County, southern California, ca.1900-1930

description: Photograph of a view of the Salton Sea at sunset, Riverside County, southern California, ca.1900-1930. Clouds above the sea partially blocks the suns rays but allows enough to penetrate creating a spectacular view of broken sunrays. The sea is calm. Mountains are visible in the distance. Picture file card reads: "Salton Sea at sunset, when it was a sea. 265' below sea level."; "The Salton Sea was formed between 1905 and 1907 when the Colorado River burst through poorly built irrigation controls south of Yuma, Arizona. Almost the entire flow of the river filled the Salton Basin for more than a year, inundating communities, farms and the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Continued filling of the Salton Sink was finally stopped in 1907, when a line of protective levees was built by boxcars dumping boulders into the breach from Southern Pacific tracks. By then, this inland lake was about 40 miles long and 13 miles wide, covering an area of about 400 square miles. The Salton Sea is currently 35 miles by 15 miles and can be as long as 40 miles by almost 20 miles in particularly wet years. It has an average depth of 29.9 feet and, at its deepest, is 51 feet. It contains 7.3 million acre feet of water and evaporates 1.3 million acre feet each year. There is a five-mile-long trench on the south end of the Sea that is 51 feet deep. The Sea is currently 228 feet below sea level. Interestingly, the bed of the Salton Sea is only five feet higher than the lowest spot in Death Valley." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m8124
title: View of the Salton Sea at sunset, Riverside County, southern California, ca.1920-1930

description: Photograph of a view of the Salton Sea at sunset, Riverside County, southern California, ca.1920-1930. Scrub grass cover the sandy area in the foreground. Sunlight is reflected off water in the calm sea. Mountains are visible in the distance. Clouds loom overhead.; "The Salton Sea was formed between 1905 and 1907 when the Colorado River burst through poorly built irrigation controls south of Yuma, Arizona. Almost the entire flow of the river filled the Salton Basin for more than a year, inundating communities, farms and the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Continued filling of the Salton Sink was finally stopped in 1907, when a line of protective levees was built by boxcars dumping boulders into the breach from Southern Pacific tracks. By then, this inland lake was about 40 miles long and 13 miles wide, covering an area of about 400 square miles. The Salton Sea is currently 35 miles by 15 miles and can be as long as 40 miles by almost 20 miles in particularly wet years. It has an average depth of 29.9 feet and, at its deepest, is 51 feet. It contains 7.3 million acre feet of water and evaporates 1.3 million acre feet each year. There is a five-mile-long trench on the south end of the Sea that is 51 feet deep. The Sea is currently 228 feet below sea level. Interestingly, the bed of the Salton Sea is only five feet higher than the lowest spot in Death Valley." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m5629
title: View of the sun rising (or sun setting?) over Avalon bay, Santa Catalina Island, ca.1900

description: Photograph of a view of the sun rising (or sun setting?) over Avalon bay, Santa Catalina Island, ca.1900. Sunlight reflects off the water in the bay. About a dozen unmanned (possibly anchored or tied?) boats are wading in the waters of the bay near the shores. Small waves are making its way to the shores. A mountain is visible at right.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17537
title: View of the Columbia River in the evening, Oregon, ca.1903

description: Photograph of a view of the Columbia River in the evening, Oregon, ca.1903. A small sailboat and its pilot are sailing in the calm waters of the river. Silhouettes of the trees near the shoreline (at right) are reflected in the waters. Clouds loom above.; "The 80-mile-long Gorge is a testament to the power of flowing water - over the eons, the mighty Columbia River has worn this deep gash into the volcanic rock of the Cascade Range nearly down to sea level. At points the canyon walls tower 4,000 feet above the river. Frequent rain nourishes a lush rain forest and replenishes the waters that cascade over sheer basalt cliffs into blinding cataracts - there are 77 waterfalls on the Oregon side of the Gorge alone. The western Gorge is dominated by the dark verdure of conifer, while also sheltering stands of big-leaf maple, cottonwood, Oregon ash, and vine maple. The eastern Gorge is home to Oregon oak and big-leaf maple. For over 31,000 years, the Columbia River Gorge has supported flourishing civilizations. Evidence of the Folsom and Marmes people, who crossed the Great Continental Divide from Asia, were found in archaeological digs. Excavations at Five Mile Rapids, a few miles east of The Dalles, show humans have occupied this ideal salmon-fishing site for more than 10,000 years." -- unknown author.