DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d3459
title: Data from: Ecological and geographic dimensions of diversification in Piper subgenus Ottonia: a lineage of neotropical rainforest shrubs

description: The Neotropics are home to incomparable plant diversity. To evaluate the
 potential roles of geography and ecology on speciation in Neotropical
 plants we selected a small, tractable lineage of shrubby angiosperms,
 Piper subgenus Ottonia. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny and
 provided insights into the species divergence times based on fossil
 calibration of the molecular clock. We support the monophyly of Piper
 subg. Ottonia and the two main lineages: Amazonian and Atlantic Forest,
 the latter containing the non-Atlantic species pair P. darienense‐P.
 piscatorum. We also propose the origin of Piper subg. Ottonia in the early
 Eocene and suggest that the diversification of Piper subg. Ottonia was
 influenced by geo-historical events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal
 Maximum (PETM) and the uplift of the Andes in the Miocene, as is the case
 for other angiosperms. Furthermore, we combined our phylogeny with
 geographic and environmental data in order to evaluate geographical and
 ecological contexts for speciation. We indicate that neither
 climatic/edaphic divergence nor geographic isolation appears to be needed
 to explain speciation in this lineage.
description: EU581098.1Piper anisum voucher MCS 269 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930392.1Piper anisum clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581099.1Piper anisum voucher RC 1637 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930393.1Piper anisum clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581146.1Piper carautensei MAJ 933 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930385.1Piper carautensei trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581165.1Piper corcovadense voucher MAJ 838 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930391.1Piper corcovadense trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581187.1Piper duartei MAJ 928 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930382.1Piper duartei trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581193.1Piper eucalyptophyllum voucher MAJ 972 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930389.1Piper eucalyptophyllum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581246.1Piper hoffmannseggianum voucher MAJ 891 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930388.1Piper hoffmannseggianum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581266.1Piper klotzschianum voucher MAJ 976 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930386.1Piper klotzschianum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581330.1Piper ovatum voucher NJ s/n internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930387.1Piper ovatum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastKJ930373.1Piper strictifolium internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930390.1Piper strictifolium trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581389.1Piper scutifolium voucher MJK 281 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930384.1Piper scutifolium trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastAF275182.1Piper ubatubense internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930383.1Piper ubatubense trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastKJ930372.1Piper alatabaccum internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930376.1Piper alatabaccum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581125.1Piper bartlingianum voucher AL 1157 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930375.1Piper bartlingianum clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastAF275183.1Piper bartlingianum internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930374.1Piper bartlingianum clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581253.1Piper humistratum voucher SM 25227 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930377.1Piper humistratum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581343.1Piper piscatorum voucher MJK 730 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930380.1Piper piscatorum clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581342.1Piper piscatorum voucher MJK 758 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930381.1Piper piscatorum clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581177.1Piper darienense voucher EL s/n internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930378.1Piper darienense clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastAF275181.1Piper darienense internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930379.1Piper darienense clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581355.1Piper pseudonobile voucher EJT 1417 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930395.1Piper cinereum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastEU581366.1Piper reticulatum voucher EJT 979 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequenceKJ930394.1Piper reticulatum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplastGeoreferenced locations and environmental variablesGeoreferenced locations for Ottonia species and extracted environmental variables from WorldClim and FAO datasetsITSmatKmatK sequences alignmentITSITS sequences alignment