cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gtj2d
title: Woody encroachment of grasslands: near-surface thermal implications through the lens of an astronomical event

description: Temperature has long been understood as a fundamental condition that
 influences ecological patterns and processes. Heterogeneity in landscapes
 that is structured by ultimate (climate) and proximate (vegetation,
 topography, disturbance events, and land use) forces serve to shape
 thermal patterns across multiple spatio-temporal scales. Thermal
 landscapes of grasslands are likely shifting as woody encroachment
 fragments these ecosystems and studies quantifying thermal fragmentation
 in grassland systems resulting from woody encroachment are lacking. We
 utilized the August 21st, 2017 solar eclipse to mimic a rapid
 sunrise/sunset event across a landscape characterized as a grassland to
 experimentally manipulate levels of solar radiation in the system. We then
 quantified changes in near surface temperatures resulting from changes in
 solar radiation levels during the eclipse. Temperatures were
 monitored across three grassland pastures in central Oklahoma that were
 characterized by different densities (low, medium, and high) of Juniperus
 virginiana to understand the impact of woody encroachment on diurnal
 temperature patterns and thermal heterogeneity in a grassland’s thermal
 landscape. The largest temperature range across sites that occurred during
 the eclipse was in the mixed grass vegetation. Similarly, the largest
 change in thermal heterogeneity occurred in the grassland with the lowest
 amount of woody encroachment. Thermal heterogeneity was lowest in the
 highly encroached grassland, which also experienced the lowest overall
 change in thermal heterogeneity during the eclipse. Time-series models
 suggested that solar radiation was the most influential factor in
 predicting changes in thermal heterogeneity as opposed to ambient
 temperature alone. These results suggest that highly encroached grasslands
 may experience lower diurnal variability of temperatures at the cost of a
 decrease in the overall thermal heterogeneity of that
 landscape. It appears that fine-scale spatio-temporal thermal
 variation is largely driven by solar radiation, which can be influenced by
 vegetation heterogeneity inherent within a landscape.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kkwh70s55
title: Location and plant spacing affect biomass yield and nutritional value of pigeon pea forage

description: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of row spacing (RS)
 and interplant spacing (IPS) on the yield of total biomass, leaf, and
 edible twigs, and nutritive value of pigeon pea,(Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.)
 at three locations in the Rift Valley area of Ethiopia, using a randomized
 completed block design with three replications in 3 × 3 factorial
 arrangement; three RS ( 25, 50, and 75 cm) and three IPS (15, 30, and 45
 cm). Row spacing × IPS of 25 × 30 cm and 50 × 15 cm, gave greater total
 biomass yield than the other RS and IPS combinations.  A similar
 result was found for edible plant yield. At Hawassa the greater leaf CP
 was found for the wider IPS of 45 cm than the narrower IPS of 30 cm (318
 Vs. 303 g kg-1 ). At Wondo-Genet, the greater leaf in vitro digestible
 organic matter  (597 Vs. 582 g kg-1 ) was found for the wider RS
 of 75 cm than narrower RS. Similar to leaf, a better nutritional value of
 edible twigs was found for a wider RS and IPS than narrower RS and IPS at
 Hawassa and Wondo-Genet. In contrast at Aliyu-Amab, a better nutritional
 value of edible twigs was found for narrower RS and IPS than the wider
 spacing. Thus, it can be concluded that RS × IPS of 25 × 30 cm or 50 × 15
 cm are advisable for pigeon pea forage production.
description: The meteorological data obtained from the Ethiopian metrology
 agency. Agronomic data were collected manually from the field by the first
 author. Feed samples were submitted to and analyzed at the International
 livestock research institute using NIRS. The agronomic and nutritional
 value data are summarized in an excel sheet by location, harvest, block,
 row spacing, and interplant spacing for statistical analysis. The data was
 analyzed following MIXED model of SAS (9.4) for publication in Agronomy
 Journal. 
description: Missing values are indicated by "."
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs0z
title: Data from: Damage from intraspecific combat is costly

description: When individuals engage in fights with conspecifics over access to
 resources, injuries can occur. Most theory suggests that the costs
 associated with these injuries should influence an individual’s decision
 to retreat from a fight. Thus, damage from intraspecific combat is
 frequently noted and quantified. However, the fitness-related costs
 associated with this damage are not. Quantifying the cost of
 fighting-related damage is important because most theory assumes that it
 is the cost associated with the damage (not the damage itself) that should
 influence an individual’s decision to retreat. Here, we quantified the
 cost of fighting-related injuries in the giant mesquite bug, Thasus
 neocalifornicus. We demonstrate that experimentally simulated fighting
 injuries result in metabolic costs and costs to flight performance. We
 also show that flight costs are more severe when the injuries are larger.
 Overall, our results provide empirical support for the fundamental
 assumption that damage acquired during intraspecific combat is costly.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tmpg4f4zs
title: Revision of the Aspicilia reptans group, a major lichen component of soil biocrusts in western North America

description: Aspicilia in the broad sense is one of the most common and speciose genera
 of saxicolous lichens in the World. It is also a common genus in the
 biological soil crusts of arid and semi-arid parts of North America, as
 well as on other continents. Analysis of DNA sequences and morphology from
 Aspicilia in soil crusts revealed previously unrecognized species that are
 ecologically, geographically, morphologically, and genetically distinct.
 We describe six previously unrecognized species (Aspicilia albonota, A.
 diploschistiformis, A. papilliformis, A. spicata, A. subcontinua, and A.
 wyomingensis), supported by phylogenetic reconstruction from ITS and nuLSU
 sequence data. The combined ITS+LSU tree with 368 specimens (339 ITS, 145
 LSU, including 177 new sequences) places these species in various genera
 that have been segregated from Aspicilia, but because of problems in
 generic delimitation, we adopted a broad genus concept and assigned all of
 the new species to Aspicilia for simplicity and practicality. Previous
 segregates from Aspicilia (Agrestia, Aspiciliella, Aspilidea, Chlorangium,
 Circinaria, Lobothallia, Oxneriaria, Sagedia, Sphaerothallia, and Teuvoa)
 were in some cases nested within each other, lacking statistical support,
 or polyphyletic. Recognition of these genera would require erection of at
 least three new small genera to accommodate the sequenced species of
 Aspicilia s.l. that fall outside of those clades. The new species are
 mostly infertile, primarily terricolous, and are separable in most cases
 by a key to subtle differences in morphology, anatomy, and secondary
 chemistry. Nevertheless, the plastic, substrate-coating morphology and
 common sterility present serious challenges to purely microscopic
 identification. In addition to recognizing these new species, we describe
 a new variety, A. californica var. gigantea from Oregon, allopatric with
 the typical variety, and having thalli about twice the size of typical A.
 californica. We hypothesize that the new variety has a polyploid origin.
 We synonymize A. mansourii described from Iran under A. reptans s. str.,
 based on morphology, chemistry, and ITS sequences. Aspicilia reptans s.
 str. is thus new to Eurasia. The other new taxa are so far known only from
 western North America, with the exception of A. wyomingensis, which occurs
 in Spain, based on phylogenetic placement of a specimen with an ITS
 sequence. The Eurasian species A. aspera is tentatively confirmed for
 North America. Two additional new species are described, A. maritima and
 A. supralittorea, both from the Pacific coast of Oregon.
description: FASTA file for concatenated ITS and nuLSU (partial) alignments;
 voucher specimens, Sanger sequencing, phylogenetic analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2cs
title: Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary by turbine

description: There is increasing pressure on wind energy facilities to manage or
 mitigate for wildlife collisions. However, little information exists
 regarding spatial and temporal variation in collision rates, meaning that
 mitigation is most often a blanket prescription. To address this knowledge
 gap, we evaluated variation among turbines and months in an aspect of
 collision risk—probability of entry by an eagle into a rotor swept zone
 (hereafter, ‘probability of entry’). We examined 10,222 eagle flight paths
 identified and recorded by an automated bird monitoring system at a wind
 energy facility in Wyoming, USA. Probabilities of entry per turbine-month
 combination were 4.03 times greater in some months than others, ranging
 0.15 to 0.62. The overall probability of entry for the riskiest turbine
 (i.e. the one with the greatest probability of entry) was 2.39 times
 greater than the least-risky turbine. Our methodology describes large
 variation across turbines and months in the probability of entry. If
 subsequently combined with information on other sources of variation (i.e.
 weather, topography), this approach can identify risky versus safe
 situations for eagles under which cost of management, curtailment
 prescriptions, and collision risk can be simultaneously minimized.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfh7
title: Population genetic assessment of newly discovered, extremely small populations of Xanthocyparis Vietnamensis from southwestern China

description: Xanthocyparis vietnamensis is an endangered species that is currently
 restricted to karst montane areas in southwestern China and Vietnam. This
 rare conifer was first recorded in 2002 from northern Vietnam and then in
 2013 from Guangxi, China, yet little is known about its genetic diversity
 and population structure. We developed expressed sequence tag
 microsatellite markers (EST-SSR) for X. vietnamensis.
 Illumina HiSeq data were used to reconstruct the transcriptome of
 this species by de novo assembly. Based on this transcriptome, 20 SSR
 markers were designed and successfully amplified, and no loci with
 excessive null allele was detected. These polymorphic loci were then
 employed to access the genetic diversity and population structure of X.
 vietnamensis. As well, they could be useful in promoting sustainable
 forest management strategies for this species in the vulnerable karst
 ecosystem.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280ggj
title: Coagulation abnormalities in dengue fever infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

description: Background: Coagulation mechanisms are reported to be affected in dengue
 illness and evidenced by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time
 (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). The main aim of this systematic review
 and meta-analysis is to determine the magnitude of coagulation
 abnormalities among patients with dengue fever infection. Method: This
 systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted per the Preferred
 Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
 guideline. The Joana Brigg’s Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist
 was used for quality appraisal. STATA version 11 software was used for
 meta-analysis. The magnitude of coagulation abnormalities among dengue
 fever patients was determined by using a random-effects model. Subgroup
 and sensitivity analysis were performed to investigate the possible source
 of heterogeneity. Egger weighted regression tests were used to check the
 presence of publication bias among the included articles. Result:
 Forty-two studies with a total of 12,221 dengue fever patients were
 eligible for meta-analysis in this study. Of which 22, 15, and 26 studies
 were used to determine the magnitude of prolonged APTT, PT, and
 thrombocytopenia, respectively. The magnitude of prolonged APTT and PT
 among patients with dengue fever infection were 42.91% (95% CI: 30.95,
 54.87) I2 = 99.1% and 16.48% (95% CI: 10.95, 22.01) I2=97.0%,
 respectively. Besides, the magnitude of thrombocytopenia among dengue
 fever patients was 70.29% (95% CI: 62.69, 77.89) I2=99.3%. The magnitude
 of prolonged APTT in children and adults was 51.21% (95% CI: 24.54, 77.89)
 and 44.89% (95% CI: 28.32, 61.45), respectively. Similarly, the overall
 magnitude of prolonged PT in children and adults were 13.40% (95% CI:
 6.09, 20.71) and 18.73% (95% CI: 7.49, 29.96), respectively. Conclusion:
 The result of this study showed that there is a high magnitude of
 prolonged APTT and PT in dengue fever patients. Therefore, screening and
 early correction of coagulation abnormalities may be helpful to reduce
 further complications in those patients.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxpv0
title: Micro-CT data from: Maternal care in mid-Cretaceous lagonomegopid spiders

description: This dataset contains the raw Micro-CT data and a 3D CT reconstruction of
 a piece of Burmese amber CNU009432 from "Guo, X., Selden, P.
 and Ren, D. (2021) Maternal care in mid-Cretaceous lagonomegopid
 spiders. Proc. R. Soc. B.". These data shows the maternal
 care behaviour of an adult female lagonomegopid spider guarding her egg
 sac.  Maternal care benefits the survival and fitness of
 offspring often at a cost to the mother's future reproduction and has
 evolved repeatedly throughout the animal kingdom. In extant spider
 species, this behaviour is very common and has different levels and
 diverse forms. However, evidence of maternal care in fossil spiders is
 quite rare. In this study,we describe four Mid-Cretaceous (approx. 99 Ma)
 amber specimens from northern Myanmar with an adult female, part of an egg
 sac and some spiderlings of the extinct family Lagonomegopidae preserved,
 which suggest that adult lagonomegopid females probably built and then
 guarded egg sacs in their retreats or nests, and the hatched spiderlings
 may have stayed together with their mother for some time. The newfossils
 represent early evidence of maternal care in fossil spiders, and enhance
 our understanding of the evolution of this behaviour.
description: Micro-CT scanning of CNU009432 was carried out with a Micro-CT
 (MicroXCT-400, ZEISS), located at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese
 Academy of Sciences. The three-dimensional structure of the large lagonomegopid spider
 and the egg sac was reconstructed using Avizo software. 
description: This dataset contains the raw Micro-CT data and a 3D CT
 reconstruction of a piece of Burmese amber CNU009432. This amber has a large lagonomegopid
 spider and part of an egg sac preserved. 
 The raw Micro-CT data are <b>.tiff</b> files, they
 can be used for the 3D CT reconstruction. The 3D CT reconstruction data is
 <b>.hx</b> file, which can be opened by
 <b>Avizo</b> software.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1vhhmgx9
title: Image-based automated species identification: Can virtual data augmentation overcome problems of insufficient sampling?

description: Automated species identification and delimitation is challenging,
 particularly in rare and thus often scarcely sampled species, which do not
 allow sufficient discrimination of infraspecific versus interspecific
 variation. Typical problems arising from either low or exaggerated
 interspecific morphological differentiation are best met by automated
 methods of machine learning that learn efficient and effective species
 identification from training samples. However, limited infraspecific
 sampling remains a key challenge also in machine learning. In this study,
 we assessed whether a data augmentation approach may help to overcome the
 problem of scarce training data in automated visual species
 identification. The stepwise augmentation of data comprised image rotation
 as well as visual and virtual augmentation. The visual data augmentation
 applies classic approaches of data augmentation and generation of
 artificial images using a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) approach.
 Descriptive feature vectors are derived from bottleneck features of a
 VGG-16 convolutional neural network (CNN) that are then stepwise reduced
 in dimensionality using Global Average Pooling and PCA to prevent
 overfitting. Finally, data augmentation employs synthetic additional
 sampling in feature space by an oversampling algorithm in vector space
 (SMOTE). Applied on four different image datasets, which include scarab
 beetle genitalia (Pleophylla, Schizonycha) as well as wing patterns of
 bees (Osmia) and cattleheart butterflies (Parides), our augmentation
 approach outperformed a deep learning baseline approach by means of
 resulting identification accuracy with non-augmented data as well as a
 traditional 2D morphometric approach (Procrustes analysis of scarab beetle
 genitalia).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g1jwstwk
title: Data from: Tropical forests structure and diversity: a comparison of methodological choices

description: 1. Large-scale data compilation is increasing steadily in tropical forest
 research, but the lack of standardized methods for data collection limits
 drawing inference from large datasets and cross-biome analyses. Different
 inclusion methods and minimum tree diameter threshold are among these
 varying factors. To tackle this issue, we evaluated how different
 approaches for tree sampling affects our understanding of diversity and
 functioning in different tropical vegetation types. 2. We used a unique
 dataset of 44 inventory plots (43.54 ha) encompassing an aridity gradient:
 evergreen moist forests, semideciduous and deciduous tropical forests.
 Data were collected using the by-tree inclusion method, in which, all
 stems are measured if the equivalent diameter of the tree reaches the
 minimum threshold. We simulated the impact of adopting different inclusion
 methods (by-stem and by-tree) and different minimum diameter thresholds on
 the estimation of number of trees and stems, biomass and species richness.
 We used linear mixed models to investigate the effect of minimum diameter
 threshold and inclusion method on our different response variables. We
 also evaluated species chance to be sampled under different minimum
 inclusion criteria. 3. Inclusion method and minimum diameter threshold
 mainly affect the estimation of number of trees and stems and species
 richness, especially in deciduous and semideciduous forests, where
 resprouting is a prevalent strategy. In these forests, many trees that
 have several stems do not reach the minimum size individually when
 adopting the by-stem method, yet they do reach the minimum size threshold
 when all stems are considered together. For these environments under water
 stress, our analysis showed that using large minimum sizes, such as the 10
 cm typically used in rainforests, implies large sampling losses,
 especially when used jointly with the by-stem inclusion method. 4. The
 by-tree inclusion method represents an alternative approach that offers a
 more reliable sampling in different vegetation types, particularly in
 those habitats where resprouting is a widely encountered strategy along
 all age classes. We demonstrate the infeasibility of adopting broad and
 standard minimum thresholds for different tropical vegetation types,
 particularly considering their widely different ecological strategies.
description: This dataset refers to worked data from 44 tropical forest sites,
 the site details and species list. The data is stored in an xlsx format
 file containing several sheets referring to different information. The
 complete column description is present in the READ.ME sheet.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh769
title: Alert burden in pediatric hospitals: A cross-sectional analysis of six academic pediatric health systems using novel metrics

description: Background: Excessive electronic health record (EHR) alerts reduce the
 salience of actionable alerts. Little is known about the frequency of
 interruptive alerts across health systems and how the choice of metric
 affects which users appear to have the highest alert burden. Objective:
 (1) Analyze alert burden by alert type, care setting, provider type, and
 individual provider across 6 pediatric health systems. (2) Compare alert
 burden using different metrics. Materials and Methods: We analyzed
 interruptive alert firings logged in EHR databases at 6 pediatric health
 systems from 2016-2019 using 4 metrics: (1) alerts per patient encounter,
 (2) alerts per patient-day, (3) alerts per 100 orders, and (4) alerts per
 unique clinician days (calendar days with at least one EHR log in the
 system). We assessed intra- and inter-institutional variation and how
 alert burden rankings differed based on the chosen metric. Results: Alert
 burden varied widely across institutions, ranging from 0.06 to 0.76
 firings per encounter, 0.22 to 1.06 firings per inpatient-day, 0.98 to
 17.42 per 100 orders, and 0.08 to 3.34 firings per clinician day logged in
 the EHR. Custom alerts accounted for the greatest burden at all 6 sites.
 The rank order of institutions by alert burden was similar regardless of
 which alert burden metric was chosen. Within institutions, the alert
 burden metric choice substantially affected which provider types and care
 settings appeared to experience the highest alert burden.
 Conclusion: Estimates of the clinical areas with highest alert
 burden varied substantially by institution and based on the metric used.
description: As described in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bg6
title: Expanding forests in alpine regions lead to a corresponding shift in belowground fungal communities

description: Climate change causes upward shift of forest lines worldwide, with
 consequences on soil biota and carbon sequestration (C). We here analyse
 compositional changes in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone, an
 important transition zone between different ecosystems. We collected soil
 samples along transects stretching from subalpine mountain birch forests
 to low-alpine vegetation. Soil fungi and micro-eukaryotes were surveyed
 using DNA metabarcoding of the 18S and ITS2 markers, while ergosterol was
 used to quantify fungal biomass. We observed a strong shift in the soil
 biota across the forest line ecotone: Below the forest line, there were
 higher proportions of basidiomycetes and mucoromycetes, including
 ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Above, we observed relatively more
 root-associated ascomycetes, including Archaeorhizomycetes, ericoid
 mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Ergosterol and percentage C
 content in soil strongly and positively correlated with the abundance of
 root-associated ascomycetes. The predominance of ectomycorrhizal and
 saprotrophic fungi below the forest line likely promote high C turnover,
 while root-associated ascomycetes above the forest line may enhance C
 sequestration. With further rise in forest lines, there will be a
 corresponding shift in the belowground biota, likely leading to enhanced
 release of soil C.