cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2113
title: Effect of Dietary Protein Deficiency on Gene Expressions of Amino Acid Transport Systems at Peak Lactation in Procine Mammary Tissue

description: The objectives of this study were to determine the mRNA expressions of amino acid transport system A; ATA2, system B[subscript 0,+]; ATB[subscript 0,+], system L; LAT2 and 4F2hc (heterodimer), and system y⁺ ; CAT2B in porcine mammary tissues and to determine the effects of dietary protein deficiency on growth performance, individual plasma amino acid concentrations in sows and their piglets, physical and histological changes of mammary glands, and the expression level of amino acid transporter genes in mammary tissues at peak lactation (d 18 of lactation). Eleven multiparous crossbred sows were allocated into 2 groups; 5 sows for deficient protein diet group and 6 sows for normal protein diet group. The experimental period started from farrowing (d 0) until weaned day (d 28). Sows were fed 4 kg per day. Two experimental diets differed only in the crude protein (CP) levels; normal protein diet contained 18.2% CP and deficient protein diet contained 8.2% CP. The sows fed with deficient protein diet had significant increase in the body weight losses throughout lactation period (P≤0.05), significant decrease in the body weight and average daily gain (ADG) of their piglets (P≤0.05), significant decrease in plasma amino acid concentrations notably for neutral and cationic amino acids in sows and proline in their piglets (P≤0.05), appearance of visible physical change of mammary glands, and histological change of mammary tissues. Moreover, sow mammary gland expressed mRNA of system A; ATA2, system B[subscript 0,+]; ATB[subscript 0,+], system L; LAT2 and 4F2hc (heterodimer), and system y⁺ ; CAT2B. In addition, the quantitative mRNA expressions of ATB[subscript 0,+] and LAT2 were down regulated significantly (P≤0.05) when compared to the sows fed with normal protein diet. In conclusion, the present study showed that dietary protein deficiency had the effects on increase in body weight losses of sows, impairment of mammary gland conformation during lactation, decrease in plasma amino acid concentrations, and down regulation of mRNA expression levels of ATB[subscript 0,+] and LAT2. These important factors lead to the decrease in growth performance of piglets.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2114
title: Morphometry of the human mandible from Thailand

description: Objective: To determine the distances from the mandibular foramen (MDF) and the mental foramen (MTF) to surrounding anatomic landmarks on the mandible and mandibular dimensions and to investigate asymmetry in those measurements. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken to determine the distance from the MDF and the MTF to surrounding anatomic landmarks and the mandibular dimensions. Measurement and observation of 33 parameters were performed on both sides of 180 dried adult human mandibles. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics as means and standard deviations. Comparison between sides for each measurement was done by paired student's t test. (P &lt; 0.05) Results: The significant differences in sides were found in some parameters. These included the distance from MDF to the condyloid process, MDF to the coronoid process, MDF to internal oblique ridge, MDF to preangular notch, MDF to posterior border of the ramus, MTF to inferior rim of the mandible, MTF to mandible symphysis, MTF to posterior border of the ramus, MTF to condyloid process and the total length of the ramus. In addition, the width and depth of mandibular notch were also significant differences. There was no accessory mandibular foramen detected in this study. In contrast, accessory mental foramen was found in 7 cases. The majority of mental foramen was lacated below the second premolar (70%). Torus mandibularis was found in 18 mandibles. Conclusion: Asymmetry was found in some distances. These data is clinically important when the mandible when the mandible surgery is required. The data will also be used a standard reference for Thai people.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2115
title: Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to vitellogenin and zona radiata proteins in greenback mullet, Liza subviridis

description: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to vitellogenin (VTG) and zona radiata protein (ZRP) of Greenback Mullet (Liza subviridis) were generated using proteins extracted from unfertilized eggs as immunogens. Hybridomas producing antibodies that bound to VTG and ZRP in both native and denatured forms were selected by dot-blotting and were characterized for their specificities by Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemical staining. Eleven MAbs specific to VTG can be grouped into 6 categories according to their binding capabilities to antigens. Most of MAbs bound to both native and denatured antigens while one group of them (VTG-313, 530) bound to only native antigens and 2 groups of monoclonal antibodies were able to cross react to vitellogenic cells by immunohistochemical staining. Isotype and subisotype of antibodies were identified by sandwich ELISA. All MAbs belong to the IgG₁ isotype except one that belongs to the IgG₂ isotype. For the production of monoclonal antibodies specific to ZRP, 11 antibodies were specific to both native and denatured forms of ZRP in blood serum of mature female mullets. ZRP can be grouped into 4 categories according to their binding capabilities to different stages of antigens and all monoclonal antibodies belong to the IgG₁ isotype. Indirect immunoperoxidase competitive ELISA using VTG and ZRP monoclonal antibodies specific to VTG and ZRP levels in juvenile mullets injected with various estradiol (E2) were determined. The result indicated that the levels of VTG and ZRP were significantly increased in responding to the increase level of E2. This indicates that detection of VTG and ZRP in Greenback Mullet using antibodies is an effective method for determining xenoestrogenic effect in water.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2116
title: The image of Thaksin Shinawatra in Bangkok Post and The Nation

description: Studying the image of Thaksin in newspapers, especially English language newspapers – the last frontier that Thaksin attacked to maintain his absolute ruling power – one can understand the level of press freedom in Thailand under his regime. The research aims to (a) study the images of Thaksin introduced in Bangkok Post and The Nation through journalese, illustrations and feedbacks from readers; (b) study whether there is a trend in covering Thaksin in both newspapers from the beginning towards the end of his ruling time; (c) study whether there are any differences in covering Thaksin in the two newspapers and (d) study why there is such a trend or such differences. The sample includes one-week coverage of both newspapers in seven most important periods throughout his ruling time. The study utilised both quantitative and qualitative content analysis skills as well as unstructured in-depth interviews. In each of the seven periods, image of Thaksin was depicted with both positive and negative features. There was a trend but not a dramatic one in covering Thaksin. At first, journalists tended to give him a chance, then in the middle of his first term, Thaksin drawbacks became obvious. The media echoed more and more criticisms against him. Though it was very critical at first, Bangkok Post, turned to keep softer voice since early 2004. The Nation has been more consistent, criticising Thaksin on every issue from the beginning till the end of his ruling time. Because while The Nation has been quite independent and free to criticise the government, Bangkok Post has been affected much by the business profit of its owners, which was controlled by Thaksin government.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2117
title: Screening and identification of biosurfactant producing bacteria and characterization of the biosurfactant

description: Screening and isolation of 19 samples collected from Thailand contaminated soil yield 130 bacteria isolates. Among them isolates A102, A103 and B202 isolated from engine oil contaminated soil at Burirum province and P2 and P3 isolated from fuel oil in Bangkok province which were subsequently classified in the genus Enterobacter and Burkholderia are the best biosurfactant producer. Thus, two isolates grew in mineral salt medium containing glucose as a carbon source since partially purified biosurfactants were extracted from these isolates. The chemical structures elucidated by FTIR and NMR analysis of partially purified products upon cultivation in broth were composed of O-H stretch, ester bond and hydrocarbon chain. Results from MS indicated that the compound possesses mass estimated to be 550 m/z for both isolates. Analysis of the glycone fraction by TLC revealed one major component with Rf value 0.23 ± 0.036 and 0.23 ± 0.045, respectively. These were found near that of glucose standard. The biosurfactant of Enterobacter sp. and Burkholderia cepacia could lower surface tension down to 26.0 ± 0.52 and 25.0 ± 0.52 mN.m-1 with CMC values of 3.3 and 1,995 mg.l⁻¹. They showed a maximum emulsion index (E24) of 88.88 ± 0.77% and 88.71 ± 0.58%, respectively for diesel oil with emulsion stability for 5 months at 37˚C. The products were stable at 75˚C for 5 hours. Moreover, the best biosurfactant stability of Enterobacter sp. and Burkholderia cepacia occurred at pH 7. Optimum condition for cultivation of Enterobacter sp. and Burkholderia cepacia to give high yield of biosurfactant was obtained by the use of 44.4 mM glucose as carbon source and 75.0 mM NaNO3 as nitrogen source. Additionally, 2% vv⁻¹ olive oil and sunflower oil increased the production of biosurfactant for Burkholderia cepacia but not for Enterobacter sp. Furthermore, the effects of temperature and concentration of salt were studied in these isolates. The results showed that optimum production of biosurfactant occurred at 37˚C and salt was inhibitory to biosurfactant production.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2118
title: Formulation of IN SITU gelling suppository containing Centella Asiatica extract spray-dried with Chitosan

description: The in situ gelling suppositories containing Centella asiatica extracts spray-dried with chitosan were formulated with poloxamer mixtures in this investigation. An experimental factorial design was built to investigate the effects of five parameters on percentage production yield and percentage moisture content of spray-dried products. These factors concerned both formulation parameters (%solid content, %additive concentration and polymer: extract ratio) and spray drying parameters (inlet temperature and feed rate). The operating condition was to maximize production yields while minimizing moisture contents. First screening experiments consisting of 25-1 fractional factorial design revealed the most significant factors to be inlet temperature and %solid content (P &lt; 0.01). Then, the optimal operating condition was estimated by response surface methodology. Central rotational composite design showed a quadratic model for %yield and a linear model for %moisture content were adequate (P &lt; 0.05). The optimum region by overlay plot was carried out using the last condition to evaluate the repeatability of the spray-drying technique. The observed means obtained for yield and %moisture content were in range of the prediction intervals at 95% confidence level. The result clearly showed that the model fitted the experimental data well. The optimal microsphere formulation showed high loading efficiency of asiaticoside and madecassoside (84.25±1.01% and 86.64±0.54%, respectively), small size (5.19±0.02 μm), positive charge (32.87±1.39 mV) and good mucoadhesive property. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder x-ray diffraction studies revealed that the centella extract was molecularly dispersed with chitosan or/and existed in an amorphous state as a solid dispersion. The release from the optimal microspheres was fast. To prepare a novel in situ gelling suppositories with poloxamer mixtures, the mixtures of poloxamer 407 (18%) and poloxamer 188 (4%) existed as a liquid at room temperature, but gelled at 30–36°C with suitable gel strength and setting time. The analysis of release mechanism showed that the releases of asiaticoside and madecassoside were proportional to the square root of time, indicating that asiaticoside and madecassoside might be released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2119
title: Effect of solid lipid nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles formulation on physicochemical properties and ability for transdermal delivery of HIV plasmid DNA vaccine

description: Effect of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) formulation composition on their physicochemical properties and ability for transdermal delivery of HIV plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine were determined. The SLN formulated according to the face-centered central composite design with varying in concentration of mixture of Tween 80 and Span 85, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide and cholesterol had particle size of 136-191 nm with polydispersity index (PI) 0.23-0.37 and zeta potential 11-61 mV and were in solid state at room temperature. The model equations of responses fitted well with quadratic equations. The CSN prepared at varying ratios of chitosan:tripolyphosphate had particle size of 258-997 nm, PI 0.28-0.54 and zeta potential 10-39 mV. SLN were quite stable for 2 months while the changes of CSN were found within 1 month. The ability of nanoparticles to form complex with pDNA was affected by formulation compositions. It was found that the CSN could retain pDNA under electrical field at the lowest nanoparticles:pDNA ratio. In vitro cytotoxicity results demonstrated that HeLa cells were not well tolerant by high concentrations of SLN but could survive in CSN. The results of in vitro HIV pDNA vaccine transfection and mice immunization showed ability of SLN and CSN to use as a vector for in vitro transfection and also mice immunization by either intradermal injection or topical application. However, topical CSN-HIV pDNA vaccine complexes elicited statistically comparable immune response to naked HIV pDNA vaccine. The penetration study showed skin penetration pathways of nanoparticle-HIV pDNA vaccine were skin furrows and pilosebaceous unit.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2120
title: Leaching of diuron from soil by organic solvent and surfactant

description: Diuron, a phenylurea herbicide, is one of the most pesticides used for pre- or post- emergene weed control in agriculture in Thailand. To remedy biologically or chemically the pesticide contaminated in soil, pretreatment of the contaminated soil including soil washing is often necessary to enhance the leaching of the contaminated compound from soil. This research poject was to study the leaching conditions of diuron from soil sample facilitated by organic solvent or surfactant. Silty-clay type soil from agricultural area was intentionally contaminated with diuron to 100-ppm concentration. A laboratory-scale soil column was then conducted to evaluate the leacing of diuron using various concentrations of organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, toluene, benzene and acetone) as well as surfactants (SDS, Triton X-100, Tergitol-NP10, Tween 80 and Brij35). The results indicated that 10% (v/v) n-butanol is the most desorbable solvent, exhibiting the leaching efficiency of approximate 50.99±2.32% w/w in diuroncontaminated soil and 72.95%±1.7% w/w in diuron 80-contaminated soil, respectively. The leaching efficiency of diuron from contaminated soil facilitated by surfactant was found to be less effective. The most desorbable surfactant is 20-CMC Triton X-100 with 39.68±2.73% w/w and 45.07±1.19% w/w leaching efficiency for diuron and diuron80, respectively. Aging soil residue studies indicate that time-dependent sorption process are important in leaching diuron in soil. Leaching efficiency using combination of organic solvent (n-butanol) and surfactant (Triton X-100) are increased up to 52.93±2.11% w/w for diuron and 81.01±3.40% w/w for diuron80 compared to that of a washing process with pure organic solvent- or surfactant-aided individually. Diuron leaching efficiency by n-butanol or Triton X-100 decreased when the soil pH was reduced. Leaching of diuron using 10% (v/v) n-butanol was also decreased with increasing ionic strength, while that with 20-CMC Triton X-100 was not strongly affected. The photolytic destruction of diuron using UV/TiO₂ system following a soil washing process was investigated. The data was demonstrated higher rate of diuron photodegradation in leached solution from soil washing process using 10% (v/v) n-butanol over that using other eluent.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2121
title: Renieramycins from the nudibranch Jorunna funebris and chemical modifications of cytotoxic Renieramycin M from the sponge Xestospongia sp.

description: Three new bistetrahydroisoquinolines similar to renieramycins, including jorunnamycins A, B, and C, were isolated from the mantles, the visceral organs, and the egg ribbons of the nudibranch Jorunna funebris pretreated with potassium cyanide. Five known compounds, including renieramycins M, N, O, and Q and mimosamycin were also isolated. Their structures and relative stereochemistries were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the literatures. In order to investigate the structure-activity relationships (SAR), chemical modifications on C-22 of renieramycin M obtained from the sponge Xestospongia sp. were performed. New twenty one acyl analogs including acyclic, alicyclic, and aromatic acyl derivatives were prepared by treatment deangeloylrenieramycin M with corresponding acid anhydrides or acid chlorides to provide those derivatives in 25-85 % yields. The cytotoxicity of the renieramycin analogs against 4 tumor cell lines including HCT116 (human colon carcinoma), QG56 (human lung carcinoma), DU145 (human prostate carcinoma), and MDA-MB-435 (human breast carcinoma) were evaluated. The results revealed that a cyano group or a hydroxyl group at C-21 and an ester side chain at C-22 were essential for high cytotoxicity. Replacement of the angelate at C-22 by relatively small aliphatic substituents such as the acetate or the propionate led to a significant increase in potency whereas more bulky substituents (more than five carbons) resulted in a substantial loss in cytotoxicity. Likewise, the substitution of oxygen at C-14 dramatically reduced cytotoxicity. In addition, the small aliphatic esters incorporating an α, β unsaturated carbonyl, the aromatic, and the heteroaromatic esters at C-22 retained potent cytotoxicity. Interestingly, array-based gene expression monitoring of renieramycin M and jorunnamycin C profiles revealed that both compounds showed predominant down-regulated genes and PTPRK was proposed as one of the candidate biomarkers for their cytotoxicity.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2122
title: Purification and biochemical characterization of beta-glucosidase from Daldinia eschscholzii

description: An extracellular beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified from culture filttate of the wood decaying fungus Daldinia eschscholzii grown on 1.0% (wt/vol) carboxymethyl-cellulose by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography with 6.28% yield and 50.23 purification fold. The enzyme is monomeric with a molecular weight of 64.2 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and with a molecular weight of 65,747 Da estimated by MALDI-TOF spectrometry, has pI 8.55 obtained using isoelectric focusing. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as the substrate, the K[subscript m] values of 1.52 mM, and V[subscript max], values of 3.21 U/min/mg of protein. Glucose and glucono-delta-lactone inhibited beta-glucoisdase competitively, with K[subscript i] values of 0.79 mM, and 4.72 muM, respectively. Optimal activity with PNPG as the substrate was at pH 5.0 and 50 ํC. The enzyme was stable at pH 5.0 at temperatures up to 50ํC. The purified beta-glucosidase was active against PNPG, cellobiose, sophorose, laminaribiose, and gentiobiose, but did not hydrolyze lactorse, sucrose, Avicel, and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. The activity of beta-glucosidase was stimulated by Ca[superscript 2+], Co[superscript 2+], Mg[superscript 2+], Mn[superscript 2+], glycerol, DMSO, DTT, and EDTA, and strongly inhibited by Hg[superscript 2+]. beta-Glucosidase was chemical by modified by EDC in the presence of glycinamide as nucleophile under various conditions to study role of carboxy groups in the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. beta-Glucosidase was inactivated by the binding of one mol of EDC per mol of the enzyme with a second-order rate constant of 6.73x10[superscript -2] mM/min. Glucono-delta-lactone as a competive inhibitor, partly protected the active-site carboxy group against chemical modification, with k[superscript d] of 70.74x10[superscript -2] mM. The enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of alkyl-glucosiedes in the presence of primary secondary and tertiary alcohol with PNPG by transglucosylation. The internal amino acid sequences of D. eschscholzii beta-glucoisdase have similarity to the sequence of the family 3 beta-glucosyl hydrolase.