cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1836
title: Effects of copper addition on thermoelectric properties of B-FeSi2 prepared by mechanical alloying

description: FeSi[subscript 2] were prepared by mechanical alloy (MA) technique using a planetary ball mill. Fe[subscript 30-x]Cu[subscript x]Si[subscript 70] where x = 0, 1, 2 and 5 were selected instead of conventional composition, Fe[subscript 33.33]Si[subscript 66.67], in order to avoid the metallic E-FeSi phase. Each composition was solidified by 2 methods. For the first method, the mixtures were cold pressed with 345 MPa gauge pressure and annealed under Ar atmosphere at 1073K or 1173K. The annealing times were 1, 3 or 5 hours. For the second method, the mixtures were hot pressed with 26 MPa gauge pressure at 1173K and 1 hour soaking time. X-Ray Diffraction technique (XRD) was used to determine B phase of the samples. The B phase fraction and Seebeck coefficient of cold pressed samples increased when %Cu addition increased. Seebeck coefficient of cold pressed samples showed that 0.5%Cu sample annealing at 1173K for 1 hour gives the highest Seebeck coefficient of 16 uV/K at room temperature. Seebeck coefficient of hot pressed samples was greater than that of cold pressed samples. For hot pressed samples, the B phase fraction and Seebeck coefficient is maximize with content of Cu around 0.1% - 0.2%. Seebeck coefficient of hot pressed samples showed that 0.1%Cu sample gives the highest Seebeck coefficient of 66 uV/K at room temperature.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1837
title: Causal model of quality of life in persons living with HIV/AIDS

description: To examine the causal relationship between age, stage of disease, antiretroviral treatment, social support, symptom experience, self-care strategies and quality of life base on symptom management model (Dodd et al. 2001). The subjects were 422 persons living with HIV/AIDS in Chiangrai province. A set of questionnaires were used, composed of personal data form, the Personal Resource Questionnaires 85 (PRQ 85), Symptom Experience Questionnaire, Self-Care Strategies Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS and LISREL. The goodness of fit indices indicated that the model fit with the data. The results revealed that symptom experience had a significant negative direct effect on quality of life (beta = - 0.74, p &lt; 0.05) and self-care strategies had a significant positive direct effect on quality of life (beta = 0.62, p &lt; 0.05). Age, social support and antiretroviral treatment had a significant positive direct effect on quality of life (beta = 0.66, p &lt; 0.05, beta = 1.50, p &lt; 0.05, beta = 0.80, p &lt; 0.05), respectively. Antiretroviral treatment had a significant positive direct effect on self care strategies (beta = 0.15, p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, social support and antiretroviral treatment had indirect effect on quality of life via self-care strategies. The model accounts for a 56% of variance on quality of life. The finding indicated that social support and antiretroviral treatment were the significant factors of quality of life. The results in this study suggested for policy makers and develop intervention to enhance quality of life in persons living with HIV/AIDS in the future.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1838
title: A causal model of functional performance in Thai elderly

description: The purposes of this study are 1) to develop a causal model for explaining the functional performance including muscle strength, vision, chronic illness, level of exercise, social support and depression, and 2) to examine the causal relationship between those variables and functional performance in Thai elderly. The hypothesized model was based on functional consequence theory developed by Miller (1995). Stratified four-stage random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 320 elderly aged 60 years and over who resided in community from five parts of Thailand including Northern Sourthern, Central, Northeastern, and Eastern part. The interview questionnaires including the Yale Physical Activity Survey, the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ 85), the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Chronic Illness Questionnaire, the Modified Barthel ADL Index, the Chula ADL Index and equipments including leg dynamometer and the Snellen Chart were employed to collect data. The SPSS for Window version 13 and LISREL version 8.72 were used for data analysis. The results showed that the model fitted well with the empirical data (chi-square = 133.59; df = 116; p = .126; GFI = .96; AGFI = .93) and explained 66% of the variance of functional performance among Thai elderly. Level of exercise was the most powerful predictor and had a positive direct effect on functional performance. Chronic illness had a negative direct effect on functional performance and an indirect effect through depression. Vision had a positive direct effect on functional performance. Social support had a positive direct effect on functional performance and an indirect effect through depresion. The study findings indicated that nursing intervention focusing on maintaining or enhancing functional performance in Thai elderly should be significantly established. The prominent components of the intervention shall consist of promoting exercise, social support, vision and preventing chronic illness and depression in Thai elderly.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1839
title: An assessment of the needs for higher education of karen refugees along the Thai-Myanmar border : a case of Nu Po Camp

description: Education for refugees is almost as important as meeting their physical needs for food, water, shelter and health. Refugee education is the process of providing knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary for survival, improving their quality of life, adaptating to their changing world, and preparing for eventual return to their country. Ethnic conflict and human rights violations in Burma have created mass outflows of refugees, internally displaced people and migrants to neighboring countries. Thailand has received hundreds of thousands of Burmese refugees since the mid 1980s. Currently there are 9 Burmese refugee camps on the Thai-Burma border. This study looks at the scale of the problem, assessment for existing education and quality, and the range of higher education opportunities that are potentially available for refugees outside the camp. In addition, the paper investigates the systems and policies of NGOs, UNHCR and the Royal Thai Government with regard to the higher educational opportunities of Karen refugees. This study is derived from quantitative and qualitative research, using a combination of documentary research and field data collection. Within the documentary research, theoretical data are collected through a review of the existing literature, field data was collected through in-depth interviews, group discussions, questionnaires observations and as well as reviewing existing information published by NGOs. The key informants including in this study were Karen refugees in the camp, CBOs, NGOs, institutions, the Ministry Of Interior (MOI) and Ministry Of Education (MOE). The study reveals that there is basic education, such as primary, secondary and post secondary levels, available in the refugee camps. The Karen Education Department (KED) and NGOs are responsible for education management. This study shows that there is a need for higher education to be accessible to the refugees for their future development. The study shows that the current education system does not meet the needs of the Karen refugees and is not very helpful for when they go back to Burma. Higher education can be accessed only with the cooperation and assistance of NGOs, CBOs and RTG. There is a stated need for the international community, NGOs and the Royal Thai Government to increase awareness about higher education for refugees, as well as the extend the provision of current education quality to the refugees. This study also looks at the role of the international community in ensuring comprehensive provision of higher education for all refugees, and refugees' right to higher education and freedom to choose education throughout the Karen refugee camps.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1840
title: Remaining sexually abstinent process among young Thai women

description: Remaining sexual abstinence among young women is an important strategy for promoting sexual health in Thai adolescents. However, little is known about remaining sexual abstinence among young Thai women. Thus the purpose of this study was to explore the process and to discover a substantive theory of remaining sexual abstinence among young Thai women. A grounded theory methodology was applied in the study. Participants were 19 young Thai women, aged between 18-23 years. Data were collected by in-depth interview. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The grounded theory analysis method by Glaser (1978) was applied for data analysis and theory development. The findings indicated "The establishing sexual pattern for life security" is the basic social process in which the young Thai women used to remain sexual abstinence. The process consists of three stages –Learning proper sexual manners, planning life sexual path, and establishing own sexual manners. In the learning proper sexual manners stage, the young Thai women acquired knowledge and value of as well as recognized about proper sexual manners, the consequences of improper manners, the nature of males, and using careful considerations. In this stage, recognizing parental love emerged as an important covariate condition. The second stage, planning life sexual path, was a period in which the young Thai women set goals of life security and determining means for goal achievement. The final stage, establishing own sexual manners, was a state in which the young Thai women set sexual boundaries and modified sexual boundaries in order to remain sexual abstinence for life security. This substantive theory suggests a new knowledge and insights into remaining sexually abstinent process among young women. It can be applied as a guideline to develop interventions to promote remaining sexual abstinence until the right time in young Thai women.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1841
title: Driver's response towards traffic information under travel time variability

description: Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) has been applied in many countries because it has been proved as one of potential solutions to solve congestion problem and to improve the quality of driving. Providing drivers with additional traffic information, it is expected to influence their travel decision on route and destination selection, or even on cancellation of the trip. A number of studies have been conducted in order to improve the performance of ATIS in various ways, such as the setting of the system, the content of information, the accuracy of the information, etc. Yet the effectiveness of the system is heavily dependent on the driver’s behavior and response to the given information. The behaviors are somewhat unique for specific individuals (cities). The primary objective of this study wais to analyze the behavior of drivers in different South East Asia major cities; Bangkok (Thailand), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), and Singapore (Singapore), pertaining changing route under influence of traffic information availability and travel variability situation. Users' characteristics including socio-economic and trip characteristic as well as the responses to traffic information were investigated through Revealed Preference while the responses of drivers while encountered choices between main and alternate route with different travel time duration and uncertainty, and cost properties were determined, using Stated Preference (SP) technique. The results illustrate that the behavior of drivers in the three cities are different pertaining the factors that affect them to change the route. Their socio-economic and trip characteristics play a role in determining their route changing behavior. From stated choice study, the value of travel time and value of travel time variability can be obtained, which the highest went to Singapore drivers. Drivers appreciate reduced travel time variability than reduced duration.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1842
title: Budget impact analysis : an illustrative case of glucosamine in knee osteoarthritis

description: Competition among new pharmaceutical products for formulary inclusion continues to dominate the concern of healthcare decision makers. Affordability became an importance issue in line with cost-effectiveness. The budget impact model provides a comprehensive result to aid the decision-making process in such case. In this study, a budget impact model was aimed at estimating the effect of introducing Glucosamine usage in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The model was developed based on the disease-based framework and the indication-based analysis. The analysis was conducted based on the hospital perspective. Data inputs were obtained from historical utilization data, literatures, and physicians' opinions. Probabilistic analysis by using the Monte-Carlo simulation was used to determine the probable drug budget and total budget of knee osteoarthritis treatments after glucosamine has been listed in the hospital formulary. Analysis results showed that glucosamine has gradually penetrated the share of drug uses. Comparing to 2004, the impact on the hospital budget affected by glucosamine were gradually increased from 0.8, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.2 million baht in 2006-2009 respectively. An average of drug budget increased was 0.43 million baht per year which approximately equated to the healthcare expenses of 5 knee replacement patients. The growth rates of drug budget and total budget of knee osteoarthritis treatment in these years were lower than the regular growth rate seen in 2003-2004. Costs of glucosamine and costs of celecoxib were the most two sensitive variables in the forecast model. In brief, based on the analysis results, to include glucosamine into hospital formulary might be worthy of note if glucosamine can effectively delay progression in patients. However, in order to make the results less uncertain, key sensitive variables should be further investigated and re calculation of budget impact was also recommended.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1843
title: Expression of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes in 6 strains of bradyrhizobium japonicum under different temperatures

description: At present 15% of domestic soybean consumption are grown locally. The rest 58% of soybean consumed are imported. Rhizobial biofertilizers have been known to increase soybean productivity. Packages of soybean biofertilizers need to be kept in cool places or in refrigerators. Therefore, if a high nitrogen-fixing, thermotolerant soybean rhizobial strain (s) is developed, it will save cost and energy. In this research, six soybean rhizobial strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum SK3, SK4, SK26, SK28, S76 and S162 were grown in yeast extract mannitol broth and in yeast extract glycerol broth under different temperatures from 25 ํC-45 ํC. Viable plate counts on both medium at 30 ํC and 40 ํC were also carried out. Results showed all the six B. japonicum strains were thermotolerant. RAPD-PCR fingerprints using either RPOI or CRL-7 were different for the six strains of B. japonicum, hence, the six B. japonicum constituted distinct strains. Results of RT-PCR with each set of primers specific for nodD[subscript1], nodA, nodB, nifH, nifD showed differential expression of nodD1 when B. japonicum SK4, SK26 or SK28 was grown under 25 ํC, 30 ํC, 35 ํC and 40 ํC. nodD1 expression increased when SK26 was grown at high temperatures ( 35 ํC, 40 ํC). On the other hand, expression of nodD1 of SK4 and SK28 was found to decrease when growth temperatures were 35 ํC and 40 ํC. Differential nodB expression was observed when B. japonicum S76 was grown at 25 ํC, 30 ํC, 35 ํC, 40 ํC with high expression at 35 ํC and 40 ํC with high expression at 35 ํC and 40 ํC. No differential gene expression was observed for nodD[subscript1] of B. japonicum SK3, S76 and S162 and for nodA, nodB, nifH and nifD of every B. japonicum strain under all experimental conditions. In addition, RT-PCR products were obtained when total RNA from each B. japonicum strain grown at 45 ํC for 5 h was isolated and used for RT-PCR
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1844
title: The Effect of a multifactorial intervention on psychotic relapse in persons with first episode schizphrenia

description: This true experimental research with the posttest-only control group design was to test the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention program on preventing psychotic relapse in persons with first episode schizophrenia between control and experimental group. A multifactorial intervention was combined a multifamily psychoeducational group, compliance therapy and early warning signs intervention which composed of early recognition of early warning signs and early intervention when those signs are detected. The psychotic relapse rates were measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The proportion and independent t-test was conducted to compare the difference of mean scores between control group and experimental group.A total of 40 persons with first episode schizophrenia who were first admitted at Somdet chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry were randomized by using simple random sampling to receive either usual care (N=20) or a multfactorial intervention (N=20). The experimental group received routine care and 6 weeks, 10 sessions of multifactorial intervention, while the control group received only routine care. The findings revealed that the mean score of positive symptoms in the experimental group in 1 month after discharge from hospital was significant lower than that of the control group, at the level .05. In addition, the psychotic relapse rate of the control group was 25% (4 cases) as compared to 0% in the experimental group. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention on preventing of psychotic relapse in persons with first episode schizophrenia. It can integrate into the existing clinical and community mental health service in order to prevent psychotic relapse, promote completely and reduces the economic burden on readmission.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1845
title: Recovery of copper (II) from copper-lead mixture solution using adsorption and desorption

description: Eucalyptus bark was used to produce activated carbon through the phosphoric acid activation process. This activated carbon was then used for the adsorption of copper and lead ions. The results indicated that the optimal pH for adsorption was 5 and the rate of adsorption could be predicted with the pseudo second order model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Pb (II) were 0.45 and 0.53 mmol g [superscript -1] Carboxylic, amine and amide groups were found to involve in the adsorptions of Cu(II) and Pb (II). Ion exchange should not be a major mechanism for the uptakes of both heavy metals and the actual mechanism should simply be physical adsorption. For binary components adsorptions, activated carbon could adsorb more Pb (II) than Cu(II) where the presence of the secondary metal ions suppressed the adsorption of the primary metal ions. However, Pb (II) was found to have stronger negative effect on the adsorption of Cu(II) than vice versa. Citric acid was used to desorb Cu(II) and Pb (II) from the loaded activated carbon. The results showed that increasing desorbing agent concentration and desorption temperature increased desorption efficiency. For single component systems, the desorption best took place at the citric acid concentration of 1 mol L[superscript -1] whereas the solid/liquid (S/L)ratio of either 4 or 8 was found to give satisfactority desorption results. For the binary systems, citric acid concentration of 0.01 mol L [superscript -1] and the solid/liquid (S/L) ratio of 16 were found to be suitable conditions for the separation of both metal ions. The rate of desorption could be predicted with the pseudo second order model.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1846
title: การค้นคืนข้อมูลจากแฟ้มข้อมูลเสียงภาษาไทยด้วยข้อคำถามเสียง

description: ปัจจุบันข้อมูลสื่อประสมได้เพิ่มปริมาณขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็วและมีหลายรูปแบบ ทั้งที่อยู่ในรูปแฟ้มข้อมูลเสียง แฟ้มข้อมูลวีดิทัศน์ และแฟ้มข้อมูลภาพ ซึ่งแฟ้มข้อมูลสื่อประสมแต่ละแบบมีวิธีการค้นคืนหลากหลายวิธี งานวิจัยนี้สนใจและเลือกที่จะศึกษาวิธีการที่จะค้นคืนข้อมูลภายในแฟ้มข้อมูลเสียงภาษาไทยขนาดใหญ่ เช่น แฟ้มข้อมูลเสียงสื่อการเรียนการสอนอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ แฟ้มข้อมูลเสียงการอ่านหนังสือ เป็นต้น ปัจจุบันวิธีที่ได้รับความนิยมในการค้นคืนข้อมูลภายในแฟ้มข้อมูลเสียงมักใช้วิธีการสืบค้นด้วยคำหลัก ชื่อเรื่องหรือชื่อผู้แต่ง ซึ่งวิธีการดังกล่าวเป็นการค้นคืนด้วยการพิมพ์ หรือแม้แต่การพูดข้อคำถามเสียงเข้าไปเพื่อค้นหาจากรายการที่มีอยู่ โดยใช้กระบวนการรู้จำคำพูดในการค้นคืนข้อมูลเสียง แต่การใช้กระบวนการรู้จำคำพูดมีข้อจำกัดในเรื่องของเวลาที่ใช้ในการค้นคืน ซึ่งใช้เวลานานในกรณีที่แฟ้มฐานข้อมูลเสียงมีขนาดใหญ่ ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้จึงมุ่งเน้นในการค้นคืนข้อมูลเสียงจากแฟ้มข้อมูลเสียงภาษาไทยขนาดใหญ่ ซึ่งเวลาที่ใช้ในการทำงานเป็นเวลาที่ผู้ใช้ยอมรับได้ โดยมีความแม่นยำอยู่ในระดับดี และเนื่องจากภาษาไทยมีการผันวรรณยุกต์ 5 ระดับเสียงต่างกัน คือ สามัญ เอก โท ตรี และจัตวา ผู้เขียนจึงได้เลือกใช้เสียงวรรณยุกต์ในภาษาไทยนี้เข้ามาช่วยในการแยกคำ ซึ่งวรรณยุกต์ในแต่ละพยางค์ของคำก็จะให้ค่าความถี่มูลฐานต่างกัน และสามารถนำเอาคุณลักษณะพิเศษของเสียงในภาษาไทยนี้ มาใช้ในการค้นหาคำจากข้อคำถามเสียง โดยใช้วิธีวัดระยะทางแบบไดนามิกไทม์วอร์ปปิง เพื่อช่วยเพิ่มความแม่นยำในการเปรียบเทียบ สัญญานเสียงจากข้อคำถามกับเสียงในแฟ้มฐานข้อมูล จากการทดลองพบว่า วิธีดังกล่าวสามารถค้นคืนข้อมูลเสียงได้ถูกต้องคิดเป็น 59%
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1847
title: สแปมเมลกับการรุกล้ำสิทธิความเป็นส่วนตัว และพฤติกรรมการป้องกันตัวจากสแปมเมลของผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตในประเทศไทย

description: ศึกษาผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตมีการรับรู้เกี่ยวกับสแปมเมล พฤติกรรมการป้องกันตัวจากสแปมเมล และพฤติกรรมตอบกลับจากการรุกล้ำสิทธิความเป็นส่วนตัวจากสแปมเมล อย่างไร นอกจากนี้ยังต้องการตอบคำถามว่าลักษณะทางสังคมประชากรของผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต การรับรู้การรุกล้ำสิทธิส่วนตัว ปริมาณการรับได้สแปมเมล มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการป้องกันตัวจากสแปม และพฤติกรรมตอบกลับจากสแปมเมลหรือไม่ และความคิดเห็นเกี่ยวกับปัญหาสแปมในมุมมองของผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านเทคโนโลยี สารสนเทศ โดยใช้วิธีการเก็บข้อมูลจากแบบสอบถามผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตในเขตกรุงเทพฯและ ปริมณฑล จำนวน 400 ชุด และการสัมภาษณ์เจาะลึก ผลการวิจัยพบว่า กลุ่มตัวอย่างมีการรับรู้เรื่องสิทธิความเป็นส่วนตัว ความตระหนักรู้ในเรื่องสิทธิความเป็นส่วนตัว มีความสัมพันธ์ในทางบวกกับพฤติกรรมการป้องกันตัวจากสแปมเมล เพศชายจะมีพฤติกรรมการตอบกลับสแปมเมลมากกว่าเพศหญิง อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 โดยกลุ่มตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่เห็นว่าปัญหาสแปมเป็นปัญหาที่สำคัญมากสำหรับการใช้ อินเทอร์เน็ต และรู้สึกเบื่อ รำคาญ เมื่อได้รับสแปมเมล โดยผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตเลือกใช้วิธีการป้องกันตัวเองจากสแปม โดยวิธีการไม่ตอบกลับสแปมเมลมากที่สุด สำหรับแนวทางการจัดการที่เหมาะสมกับสแปมเมล กลุ่มตัวอย่างเห็นว่าการป้องกันตัวเองเป็นวิธีการที่ดีที่สุด และต้องการให้หน่วยงานรัฐบาลออกกฎกติกา มารยาท ในการส่งเสริมการตลาดทางไปรษณีย์อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ นอกจากนี้ผลการสัมภาษณ์เจาะลึกเกี่ยวกับปัญหาสแปมเมลพบว่า แนวโน้มการใช้สแปมเมลเป็นเครื่องมือก่ออาชญากรรมทางอินเทอร์เน็ตมีเพิ่มสูง ขึ้น และมีข้อเสนอแนะต่อหน่วยงานภาครัฐว่า ควรมีการผลักดันให้แก้ปัญหาสแปมเมล ด้วยการออกกฎหมายเพื่อกำหนดการส่งสแปมเมล