DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pj3
title: Mesocosm experiments validate induction of Daphnia vertical migration by the fish-derived kairomone 5α-cyprinol sulfate

description: The fish-borne bile salt 5α-cyprinol sulfate (CPS) has been identified as
 a kairomone inducing the predator avoidance behavior “diel vertical
 migration” (DVM) in Daphnia magna in response to fish. Conclusions about
 the ecological significance of CPS have been derived from laboratory
 experiments only. Using a mesocosm approach, we investigate whether the
 role of CPS as a kairomone can be confirmed in the field. We demonstrate
 that CPS induces downward migration during daytime in a field-derived
 Daphnia community consisting of D. longispina and D. cucullata and in D.
 longispina in particular. In the study lake, D. longispina shows a similar
 pattern of DVM. Quantification of CPS by HPLC-MS confirms that CPS in situ
 concentrations in the lake are sufficiently high for induction of daytime
 downward migration of D. longispina in this oligo-mesotrophic lake.
 Conclusively, we provide evidence for the significance of CPS as a
 kairomone in freshwater systems.
description: # Mesocosm experiments validate induction of Daphnia vertical migration by
 the fish-derived kairomone 5α-cyprinol sulfate
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pj3
 ](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pj3) The Excel dataset
 "MesocosmLakeKlostersee_DataRepository" contains all complete
 raw data. The tabs separate the individual experiments. Abbreviations are
 listed in the Excel sheets themselves. Broadly, it can be divided into two
 main experiments Mesocosm and Lake Klostersee as described in
 "Description of the data and file structure". Here, explanatory
 notes for the datasets, along with the respective figures and tables, are
 conveniently provided alongside the tab names." ## Description of the
 data and file structure ***Mesocosm Experiments*** Tab name: **Mesocosm
 (48h) Day 13.06.19 -** Count data vertical daytime distribution of
 *Daphnia* spp. 48 hours (day) after addition of CPS (Figure 1, SI Figure
 5, SI Table 5-7) **Mesocosm (60h) Night 13.06.19** **-** Count data
 vertical daytime distribution of *Daphnia* spp. 60 hours (day) after
 addition of CPS (Figure 1, SI Figure 5, SI Table 5-7) **Mesocosm (72h) Day
 14.06.19** **-** Count data vertical daytime distribution of *Daphnia*
 spp. 72 hours (day) after addition of CPS (SI Figure 7, SI Table 8)
 **Mesocosm CNP+Chloro 2019-** Comparison of initial concentrations of
 particulate carbon and nitrogen, chlorophyll a and total phosphorous
 concentrations of experimental mesocosms (SI Table 11) **Mesocosm CPS
 conc. 2019 -** CPS concentrations in experimental mesocosms over time (SI
 Figure 6) **Mesocosm AbioticFac 2019** **-** Depth profiles of temperature
 and attenuation coefficients and depths of euphotic zone in experimental
 mesocosms 48 hours after addition of CPS (Figure 2, SI Figure 8)
 **Calibrationcurve Chol.sulf. -** Calibration curve for LC-MS analysis of
 CPS + Influence of analyte concentration and sample processing by SPE on
 area ratios (SI Figure 2, SI Table1-3)) ***Lake Klostersee*** Tab name:
 **Lake DVM profiles 2022 -** Vertical profiles of Lake Klostersee.
 Distribution of *D. longispina* during daytime (A) and nighttime (B).
 (Figure 3, SI Figure 9) **Lake Klostersee CPSconc. 2022 -** Concentration
 of CPS in Lake Klostersee (Figure 4) **Lake Klostersee Abiotic Fac 2022
 -** Vertical profile of light intensity and temperature on
 1<sup>st</sup> day of sampling in Klostersee in August 2022.
 (Figure 3) **Lake Chloro+AbioticFac 2023 -** Vertical profiles of
 temperature and chlorophyll a in Lake Klostersee in August 2023.( SI
 Figure 10) **Lake KlosterseeTemperature** - All Temperature Profiles
 (2015, 2016, 2019, 2022, 2023) from Lake Klostersee. (SI Figure 11)
 Notice: In all tables the symbol '-' indicates that there are no
 measurement values present.