DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ffbg79cz8
title: Volatile compounds of five mangrove species and parts

description: Mangrove plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites, which are
 important for their survival and adaptation to the coastal environment, as
 well as for producing bioactive compounds. To reveal differences in
 mangrove volatiles, a GC-MS method was built up and used to analyze and
 identify five mangrove species' leaf, root, and stem. The relative
 content and type of volatile compounds were counted and compared, and
 their pathway enrichment analysis was performed. The results showed that
 532 compounds were detected in the leaf, root, and stem parts of five
 mangrove species, which were grouped into 18 classes including alcohols,
 aldehydes, alkaloids, alkanes, etc. The number of compounds found was from
 41 to 86 in each part of five mangrove species, A. corniculatum leaves and
 A. marina roots contained a maximum of 86 compounds. 247 compounds were
 found in A. corniculatum, 245 in K. candel, and 240 in A. marina. Roots,
 stems, and leaves each had 399, 342, and 339 compounds. There were 40
 unique compounds in A. corniculatum leaves, and 39 in A. corniculatum
 stems. 71 common compounds occurring in more than two species or organ
 parts were analyzed by PLS-DA model. Compared with the contents and
 compositions of their compounds, A. ilicifolius and B. gymnorrhiza
 differed significantly from the other species, while the leaves differed
 significantly from the other parts. Unique compounds and common compounds
 were found to have a significant difference in composition and
 concentration between species and parts based on the results of one-way
 analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and hierarchical
 clustering analysis. VIP screening and pathway enrichment analysis were
 performed on 17 common compounds closely related to mangrove tree species
 or parts, and these compounds were involved in metabolic pathways of C10
 isoprenoids, C15 isoprenoids, fatty alcohols, etc. These findings might
 help in the development of genetic varieties and medicinal utilization of
 mangrove plants.
description: <strong>Plant
 Material</strong> The seedlings of five mangroves,
 <em>A</em>. <em>ilicifolius</em>,
 <em>B</em>. <em>gymnorrhiza</em>,
 <em>A</em>. <em>corniculatum</em>,
 <em>K</em>. <em>candel</em>, and
 <em>A</em>. <em>marina</em> were collected from
 Tongming river, which is
 located in Zhanjiang
 Mangrove National Nature Reserve, Guangdong (E110.1667°, N 20.9765°). The
 seedlings were 1.5 years old and 25–50 cm high. The morphological
 characteristics of the seedlings of the five mangrove species used in this
 study species were shown in Figure 1. Three plants were taken from each
 mangrove species' leaves, roots, and stems for biological
 duplication, and the combinations of species and organ parts from the
 leaves, roots, and stems were coded and named species_part. Leaves, roots,
 and stems of <em>A</em>. <em>ilicifolius</em>
 (AI), <em>B</em>. <em>gymnorrhiza</em> (BG),
 <em>A</em>. <em>corniculatum</em> (AC),
 <em>K</em>. <em>candel</em> (KC), and
 <em>A</em>. <em>marina</em> (AM) were simplified
 as AI_leaf, AI_root, AI_stem, BG_leaf, BG_root, BG_stem, AC_leaf, AC_root,
 AC_stem; KC_leaf, KC_root, KC_stem, AM_leaf, AM_root, AM_stem,
 respectively. <strong>Sample
 preparation</strong> In April 2020, healthy leaves, stems and roots
 from the whole plant of each mangrove species were picked, washed and
 dried in the shade and crushed. 5 g of leaves, roots, and stems,
 respectively, were weighed accurately and put into a triangular flask, 100
 mL of 70% ethanol was added and extracted at 25℃ for 48 h (shook for 5 min every 12 h), and then
 centrifuged for 10 min at 4,000 R/min. The supernatant was filtered with
 quantitative filter paper and concentrated to dryness under reduced
 pressure, then 1 mL of ethyl was added to dissolve and prepared to
 test. <strong>GC-MS analysis
 conditions</strong> 1.0 µL of the sample solution was used in a
 Shimadzu GC-2010 gas chromatograph (Shimadzu Scientiﬁc Instrument, Inc.).
 The
 GC-MS system was equipped with an HP-5ms (30 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm)
 chromatographic column, made of (5%-phenyl) -methylpolysiloxane.
 In the
 heating procedure, the initial temperature was set at
 40℃ for 2 minutes,
 increased at 5°C/minute to 230℃ and held at 230℃ for 2 minutes, then increased to
 250℃ at
 20℃/minute and held at
 250℃ for another 2
 minutes. Samples were injected in splitless mode; injection time was 1.00
 min. The carrier gas was helium with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The
 temperature of the GC injector was 250℃. The GC MS-QP2010 SE mass spectrometer was
 operated in EI mode at 70
 eV of electron energy; ion
 source temperature was equal to 230℃, and the interface temperature was equal to
 250℃. The solvent delay
 time was 1.00 min; The Scan interval was 0.30 sec with a 2,000 amu/sec
 scan speed, and the scan Mas range was 50~550 m/z. The maximum length of
 retent time was 43.00 min. All measurements were repeated three
 times. <strong>Data
 Analysis</strong> The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the
 compounds detected by GC-MS were compared with those in the NIST 2014,
 Wiley (version 9) libraries, and those with a mass spectral similarity of
 over 90% were selected for identification. The relative content (%) of
 each compound was calculated by comparing the peak area, expressed as %
 from total peak areas, in GC-MS analysis.
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