cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506935
title: English Interdental Fricative Production in Dutch Heritage Speakers Living in Canada

description: Abstract: This study investigates the production of /θ/ and /ð/ by three groups of English-speakers in the community of Norwich, Ontario, Canada. English monolinguals, heritage Dutch speakers (early bilinguals), and L1 Dutch/ L2 English speakers (late-learning bilinguals) /θ/ and /ð/ production was measured in both naturalistic and reading tasks. Heritage Dutch speakers produce ENT#091;θENT#093; and ENT#091;ðENT#093; at similar rates to Monolingual English speakers, but the two groups exhibit different allophonic realizations, especially when /ð/ is word-initial and /θ/ is word-medial. This study suggests that despite their ability to produce ENT#091;θENT#093; and ENT#091;ðENT#093; , Dutch heritage speakers may manipulate the inherently variable English /θ/ and /ð/ production to communicate their Dutch cultural identity. This is the first study to examine both heritage Dutch bilinguals in Canada and non-English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom Dutch English.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506935.v1
title: English Interdental Fricative Production in Dutch Heritage Speakers Living in Canada

description: Abstract: This study investigates the production of /θ/ and /ð/ by three groups of English-speakers in the community of Norwich, Ontario, Canada. English monolinguals, heritage Dutch speakers (early bilinguals), and L1 Dutch/ L2 English speakers (late-learning bilinguals) /θ/ and /ð/ production was measured in both naturalistic and reading tasks. Heritage Dutch speakers produce ENT#091;θENT#093; and ENT#091;ðENT#093; at similar rates to Monolingual English speakers, but the two groups exhibit different allophonic realizations, especially when /ð/ is word-initial and /θ/ is word-medial. This study suggests that despite their ability to produce ENT#091;θENT#093; and ENT#091;ðENT#093; , Dutch heritage speakers may manipulate the inherently variable English /θ/ and /ð/ production to communicate their Dutch cultural identity. This is the first study to examine both heritage Dutch bilinguals in Canada and non-English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom Dutch English.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507214.v1
title: Acquisition of French Nasal Vowels ɛ̃, ã; e ɔ̃ by Brazilian Learners: Articulatory Aspects

description: Abstract: This work aims at investigating the acquisition of the nasal vowels ɛ̃, ã; and ɔ̃ of French by learners in an undergraduate course in Languages (Portuguese and French). In articulatory terms, this class of segments is characterized by a lowering of the velum, which makes a connection between nasal and oral tubes (SEARA, 2000; MEDEIROS e DEMOLIN, 2006; BARBOSA e MADUREIRA, 2015). Consequently, these vowels are characterized by acoustic aspects different from those found in oral vowels. With the free passage of air in the nasal tract, the first formant value (F1) tends to lower and the third formant value (F3) tends to rise (HAWKINS e STEVENS, 1985; DELVAUX, 2003). There is also a change in the width of spectral peaks - which is smaller for nasal vowels -, as well as the appearance of additional spectral peaks and a longer duration for these segments (MORAES e WETZELS, 1992; SOUSA, 1994). In order to develop this research, sessions of articulatory data collection have been made with three groups of informants: Group I - two learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) in different semesters (2nd and 8th) of the course; Group II - a native speaker of French; and Group III - a native speaker of Brazilian Portuguese. The articulatory data collection instrument consisted in a test involving the production of pseudowords in a carrier phrase. The sessions of data collection were made in an acoustic cabin of the Emergence of Oral Language Laboratory (LELO/UFPel). For the purpose of collection and analysis of articulatory data, the software Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA, version 2.16.11) has been used. The analysis of the segments produced by both groups of native speakers has demonstrated that in order to distinguish the nasal segment from the oral one, the native speaker of French posteriorizes her tongue movements, whereas the speaker of Portuguese elevates them. Regarding the data produced by learners, it was possible to verify: (i) generalization of tongue gestures by the 2nd semester informant for the three French nasal vowels and (ii) accurate vocalic distinction by the 8th semester informant. Additionally, ultrasonography has shown to be a promising tool for research on nasality, evidencing significant statistic differences in tongue movements between oral and nasal segments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507214
title: Acquisition of French Nasal Vowels ɛ̃, ã; e ɔ̃ by Brazilian Learners: Articulatory Aspects

description: Abstract: This work aims at investigating the acquisition of the nasal vowels ɛ̃, ã; and ɔ̃ of French by learners in an undergraduate course in Languages (Portuguese and French). In articulatory terms, this class of segments is characterized by a lowering of the velum, which makes a connection between nasal and oral tubes (SEARA, 2000; MEDEIROS e DEMOLIN, 2006; BARBOSA e MADUREIRA, 2015). Consequently, these vowels are characterized by acoustic aspects different from those found in oral vowels. With the free passage of air in the nasal tract, the first formant value (F1) tends to lower and the third formant value (F3) tends to rise (HAWKINS e STEVENS, 1985; DELVAUX, 2003). There is also a change in the width of spectral peaks - which is smaller for nasal vowels -, as well as the appearance of additional spectral peaks and a longer duration for these segments (MORAES e WETZELS, 1992; SOUSA, 1994). In order to develop this research, sessions of articulatory data collection have been made with three groups of informants: Group I - two learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) in different semesters (2nd and 8th) of the course; Group II - a native speaker of French; and Group III - a native speaker of Brazilian Portuguese. The articulatory data collection instrument consisted in a test involving the production of pseudowords in a carrier phrase. The sessions of data collection were made in an acoustic cabin of the Emergence of Oral Language Laboratory (LELO/UFPel). For the purpose of collection and analysis of articulatory data, the software Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA, version 2.16.11) has been used. The analysis of the segments produced by both groups of native speakers has demonstrated that in order to distinguish the nasal segment from the oral one, the native speaker of French posteriorizes her tongue movements, whereas the speaker of Portuguese elevates them. Regarding the data produced by learners, it was possible to verify: (i) generalization of tongue gestures by the 2nd semester informant for the three French nasal vowels and (ii) accurate vocalic distinction by the 8th semester informant. Additionally, ultrasonography has shown to be a promising tool for research on nasality, evidencing significant statistic differences in tongue movements between oral and nasal segments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506581
title: Geminate attrition across three generations of Farsi-English Bilinguals living in Canada: An Acoustic Study

description: Abstract The main goal of this study was to determine whether the geminate-singleton consonant length contrast attrites across three different generations of Farsi-English-speaking bilinguals living in Canada. The secondary aim of the study was to shed light on the role of universal phonetic factors on the process of geminate-singleton length contrast attrition in the same population. The effect of manner/class of sounds and voicing was examined as predictors of geminate attrition in eight Farsi-English-speaking bilinguals living in Toronto forming three categories of generations: first generation, 1.5 generation and second generation. The 1.5 generation category distinguishes children of Iranian immigrants who had acquired Farsi as their first language and came to Canada between the ages of five to fourteen from second generation heritage speakers of Farsi. The productions of the bilinguals were compared with the productions of three homeland variety controls. A word-naming task, which included 108 words was conducted. Using Praat software, 2398 tokens were acoustically analyzed. Attrition was defined in terms of changes in mean duration of geminates relative to their singleton counterparts, percentage of geminate-singleton degemination, and category overlap. Mean durations were then analyzed using a 3-way, mixed-model, repeated-measures ANOVA. Results showed that geminates attrite across different successive generations. Moreover, there was some evidence to suggest that geminate realization across generations patterns with typological patterns previously reported, showing that universal phonetic principles such as aerodynamic constraints/articulatory difficulty and acoustic/perceptual salience also constrain geminate realization in bilingual Farsi-English speakers. However, there was no evidence to suggest that more marked geminates suffer a higher degree of attrition. This is the first study to examine the attrition of a typologically marked contrast, which considers the role of universal phonetic principles, markedness in an understudied bilingual community across different generations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506581.v1
title: Geminate attrition across three generations of Farsi-English Bilinguals living in Canada: An Acoustic Study

description: Abstract The main goal of this study was to determine whether the geminate-singleton consonant length contrast attrites across three different generations of Farsi-English-speaking bilinguals living in Canada. The secondary aim of the study was to shed light on the role of universal phonetic factors on the process of geminate-singleton length contrast attrition in the same population. The effect of manner/class of sounds and voicing was examined as predictors of geminate attrition in eight Farsi-English-speaking bilinguals living in Toronto forming three categories of generations: first generation, 1.5 generation and second generation. The 1.5 generation category distinguishes children of Iranian immigrants who had acquired Farsi as their first language and came to Canada between the ages of five to fourteen from second generation heritage speakers of Farsi. The productions of the bilinguals were compared with the productions of three homeland variety controls. A word-naming task, which included 108 words was conducted. Using Praat software, 2398 tokens were acoustically analyzed. Attrition was defined in terms of changes in mean duration of geminates relative to their singleton counterparts, percentage of geminate-singleton degemination, and category overlap. Mean durations were then analyzed using a 3-way, mixed-model, repeated-measures ANOVA. Results showed that geminates attrite across different successive generations. Moreover, there was some evidence to suggest that geminate realization across generations patterns with typological patterns previously reported, showing that universal phonetic principles such as aerodynamic constraints/articulatory difficulty and acoustic/perceptual salience also constrain geminate realization in bilingual Farsi-English speakers. However, there was no evidence to suggest that more marked geminates suffer a higher degree of attrition. This is the first study to examine the attrition of a typologically marked contrast, which considers the role of universal phonetic principles, markedness in an understudied bilingual community across different generations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512947
title: On syllable structure and phonological variation: The case of i-epenthesis by Brazilian Portuguese learners of English

description: Abstract Our study employs nonword-learning tasks to examine i-epenthesis in the speech output of 53 Brazilian Portuguese learners of English. One aim is to investigate conflicting views on the syllabification of consonants in various word-medial and final contexts, where they can be parsed as either codas or onsets of empty nuclei. Another aim is to test a proposal (John & Cardoso, 2017) concerning the source of L2 phonological variation: we suggest that L2 variation is lexical rather than derivational, stemming from individual items having dual underlying representations which compete for selection at the moment of speaking. The results of a multivariate statistical analysis indicate: i) a hierarchy of difficulty in the acquisition of the stops /p k/ in different lexical locations; and ii) simultaneous development of dual representations for single lexical items.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512947.v1
title: On syllable structure and phonological variation: The case of i-epenthesis by Brazilian Portuguese learners of English

description: Abstract Our study employs nonword-learning tasks to examine i-epenthesis in the speech output of 53 Brazilian Portuguese learners of English. One aim is to investigate conflicting views on the syllabification of consonants in various word-medial and final contexts, where they can be parsed as either codas or onsets of empty nuclei. Another aim is to test a proposal (John & Cardoso, 2017) concerning the source of L2 phonological variation: we suggest that L2 variation is lexical rather than derivational, stemming from individual items having dual underlying representations which compete for selection at the moment of speaking. The results of a multivariate statistical analysis indicate: i) a hierarchy of difficulty in the acquisition of the stops /p k/ in different lexical locations; and ii) simultaneous development of dual representations for single lexical items.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518575
title: Lexical Access in L2 Speech Production: a Controlled Serial Search Task

description: Abstract When it comes to lexical access in L2 speech production, working memory (WM) seems to play a central role, as less automatized procedures require more WM capacity to be executed (Prebianca, 2007). With that in mind, this article aims at claiming that bilingual lexical access qualifies as a controlled serial strategic search task susceptible to individual differences in WM capacity. Evidence in support of such claim is provided by the results of Prebianca (2010) study conducted so as to investigate the relationship between L2 lexical access, WMC and L2 proficiency. Prebianca (2010) findings indicate that bilingual lexical access entails underlying processes such as cue generation, set delimitation, serial search and monitoring, which to be carried out require the allocation of attention. Attention is limited and, as a result, only higher spans were able to perform these underlying processes automatically.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518575.v1
title: Lexical Access in L2 Speech Production: a Controlled Serial Search Task

description: Abstract When it comes to lexical access in L2 speech production, working memory (WM) seems to play a central role, as less automatized procedures require more WM capacity to be executed (Prebianca, 2007). With that in mind, this article aims at claiming that bilingual lexical access qualifies as a controlled serial strategic search task susceptible to individual differences in WM capacity. Evidence in support of such claim is provided by the results of Prebianca (2010) study conducted so as to investigate the relationship between L2 lexical access, WMC and L2 proficiency. Prebianca (2010) findings indicate that bilingual lexical access entails underlying processes such as cue generation, set delimitation, serial search and monitoring, which to be carried out require the allocation of attention. Attention is limited and, as a result, only higher spans were able to perform these underlying processes automatically.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5931430
title: Children's Literature Parallel Corpora: a Hybrid Experimental Model to Evaluate Transfers of Language Complexity Via Linguistic Transcoding

description: Abstract: This article aims at proposing a hybrid model to evaluate language complexity of source and target texts written both in English and Portuguese so that one can analyse what extent language complexity has been transferred from a text to its translation. Here,hybrid modelpoints to paralleled approaches to lexical repetition, lexical diversity and lexical density, readability and word unusualness with the help of some Corpus Linguistics tools. The article also stands for developing adjustments to Paul Nation’s word family lists and Gunning’s GFI formula so that they can be applied to the Portuguese language. Aiming at checking the reliability of the model, the article also presents a case study based on contrastive investigations on The Secret Garden by Burnett and its translation into Portuguese O Jardim Secreto by Perota and Carvalho.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5931430.v1
title: Children's Literature Parallel Corpora: a Hybrid Experimental Model to Evaluate Transfers of Language Complexity Via Linguistic Transcoding

description: Abstract: This article aims at proposing a hybrid model to evaluate language complexity of source and target texts written both in English and Portuguese so that one can analyse what extent language complexity has been transferred from a text to its translation. Here,hybrid modelpoints to paralleled approaches to lexical repetition, lexical diversity and lexical density, readability and word unusualness with the help of some Corpus Linguistics tools. The article also stands for developing adjustments to Paul Nation’s word family lists and Gunning’s GFI formula so that they can be applied to the Portuguese language. Aiming at checking the reliability of the model, the article also presents a case study based on contrastive investigations on The Secret Garden by Burnett and its translation into Portuguese O Jardim Secreto by Perota and Carvalho.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5931166
title: Translating National History for Children: A Case Study of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

description: Abstract: Mark Twain’s classic novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is arguably about the history of the United States in terms of slavery and race relations. How, then, can this be translated to another language and culture, especially one with a very different background in regard to minorities? And in particular, how can this be translated for children, who have less knowledge about history and slavery than adult readers? In this article, I analyse how Twain’s novel has been translated to Swedish. I study 15 translations. Surprisingly, I find that instead of retaining Twain’s even-handed portrayal of the two races and his acceptance of a wide variety of types of Americans, Swedish translators tend to emphasise the foreignness, otherness, and lack of education of the black characters. In other words, although the American setting is kept, the translators nevertheless give Swedish readers a very different understanding of the United States and slavery than that which Twain strove to give his American readers. This may reflect the differences in immigration and cultural makeup in Sweden versus in America, but it radically changes the book as well as child readers’ understanding of what makes a nation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5931166.v1
title: Translating National History for Children: A Case Study of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

description: Abstract: Mark Twain’s classic novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is arguably about the history of the United States in terms of slavery and race relations. How, then, can this be translated to another language and culture, especially one with a very different background in regard to minorities? And in particular, how can this be translated for children, who have less knowledge about history and slavery than adult readers? In this article, I analyse how Twain’s novel has been translated to Swedish. I study 15 translations. Surprisingly, I find that instead of retaining Twain’s even-handed portrayal of the two races and his acceptance of a wide variety of types of Americans, Swedish translators tend to emphasise the foreignness, otherness, and lack of education of the black characters. In other words, although the American setting is kept, the translators nevertheless give Swedish readers a very different understanding of the United States and slavery than that which Twain strove to give his American readers. This may reflect the differences in immigration and cultural makeup in Sweden versus in America, but it radically changes the book as well as child readers’ understanding of what makes a nation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6968021.v1
title: Tom Phillips’s Illustrations for the Folio Edition of Waiting for Godot

description: Abstract: In the light of the imagery associated with Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, in set designs, posters and book covers, the present article examines Tom Phillips’s illustrations for the Folio Society edition of Waiting for Godot (2000). Considering that Phillips’s images embody a particular style in form and structure, functioning as pictorial elements recalling contexts, images and relations, we propose that the artist expands the visual interpretative frame of the play, predicating his work on the premise that readers will have had previous contact with the work either in performance or as a text.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6968021
title: Tom Phillips’s Illustrations for the Folio Edition of Waiting for Godot

description: Abstract: In the light of the imagery associated with Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, in set designs, posters and book covers, the present article examines Tom Phillips’s illustrations for the Folio Society edition of Waiting for Godot (2000). Considering that Phillips’s images embody a particular style in form and structure, functioning as pictorial elements recalling contexts, images and relations, we propose that the artist expands the visual interpretative frame of the play, predicating his work on the premise that readers will have had previous contact with the work either in performance or as a text.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6968216
title: Traduções Colaborativas: o Caso das Fanfictions

description: Abstract: This article presents the results of a research on voluntary and collaborative translation of fanfictions (stories written by fans), which have figured with higher incidence on the Internet in recent years. Although collaborative translation is not a new phenomenon and has been documented in the history of translation in Western and non-Western cultures, it gains new dimensions in the digital era. Two fanfictions, Palavras com Estranhos (in the original, Words with Strangers, by Nolebucgrl, a fanfiction author) and Palavras com Amigos (Words with Friends, by the same author), translated by an online group of 33 Brazilian translators reveal some features of the process of collaborative translation on the Internet. The research reveals the collective character of the online translation practiced by non-professional female translators. Our analysis highlights the chainwork of such a practice, the interaction between translators and readers, and the process singled out by this dual interaction on one hand, between translators themselves and, on the other hand, between translator and reader.