cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1295494.v2
title: Late Permian–Triassic siliciclastic provenance, palaeogeography, and crustal growth of the Songpan terrane, eastern Tibetan Plateau: evidence from U–Pb ages, trace elements, and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons

description: In order to constrain the detrital provenance of the siliciclastic rocks, palaeogeographic variations, and crustal growth history of central China, we carried out simultaneously <i>in situ</i> U–Pb dating and trace element and Hf isotope analyses on 368 detrital zircons obtained from upper Permian–Triassic sandstones of the Songpan terrane, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Two groups of detrital zircons, i.e. magmatic and metamorphic in origin, have been identified based on cathodoluminescence images, zircon Ti-temperatures, and Th/U ratios. Our data suggest that the derivation of siliciclastic rocks in the Songpan terrane was mainly from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens, whereas the Yangtze and North China Cratons served as minor source areas during late Permian–Triassic times. The detrital zircons from Middle–Late Triassic siliciclastic rocks exhibit wide age spectra with two dominant populations of 230–600 Ma and &gt;1600 Ma, peaking at ~1.8–1.9 Ga and ~2.4–2.5 Ga, suggestive of a derivation from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens and the Yangtze Craton being the minor source area. The proportions of detrital zircon populations from the northern Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens distinctly decreased during Middle–Late Triassic time, demonstrating that the initial uplift of the western Qinling occurred then and it could have blocked most of the detritus from the Qilian–northern Qinling orogens and North China Cratons into the main Songpan–Ganzi depositional basin. The relatively detrital zircon proportions of the Yangtze Craton source decreased during Early-Middle Late Triassic time, indicating that the Longmenshan orogen was probably being elevated, since the early Late Triassic and gradually formed a barrier between the Yangtze Craton and the Songpan terrane. In addition, our Lu–Hf isotopic results also reveal that the Phanerozoic magmatic rocks in central China had been the primary products of crustal reworking with insignificant formation of a juvenile crust.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13204864.v1
title: Archean to paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in the Phan Si Pan zone, Northwest Vietnam: evidence from the U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic geochemistry

description: We studied zircon U-Pb geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of Mesoarchean-Paleoproterozoic igneous rocks in the Phan Si Pan zone, NW Vietnam. The Mesoarchean-Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the area can be divided into three phases as represented by ca. 2.9 Ga Mesoarchean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorites (TTGs), ca. 2.3 Ga Paleoproterozoic mafic dykes, and ca. 1.8 Ga Paleoproterozoic granites. The ca. 2.9 Ga Mesoarchean TTGs serve as part of the oldest basement rocks in SE Asia, which have zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) and whole-rock ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) values ranging from −2.8 to +2.1. Their ancient zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic model ages (T<sub>DM2</sub>) of 3.4 Ga to 3.2 Ga suggest an origin from partial melting of ancient crustal rocks. The ca. 2.3 Ga mafic dykes were affected by post-tectonic thermal events at ca. 1.9–1.8 Ga. Their zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) (+1.4 to +5.9) and whole-rock ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) (−4.1 to −1.6) and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio (0.703459 to 0.719079) isotopic characteristics show that they originated from partial melting of mantle components with a minor input of Archaean continental crust. The Paleoproterozoic granites in the Phan Si Pan zone crystallized at 1803–1864 Ma, and show negative ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values of −17.9 to −14.8 and zircon Hf model ages (T<sub>DM2</sub>) ranging from 3.48 to 3.66 Ga, suggesting a derivation by partial melting of Paleoarchean continental crust during Paleoproterozoic time. These isotopic results shed light on the Precambrian tectonic evolution of NW Vietnam and its relationship with continental blocks in Yangtze and India.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13345328.v1
title: Stewart Island geochronology New Zealand

description: Supplementary Table 1 - LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data for Tin Range Granodiorite and Pegasus Group Schist;<br>Supplementary Table 2 - TIMS zircon and monazite U-Pb data;Supplementary Table 3 - Xenotime and monazite U-Pb dating.<br>This information accompanies the paper by Lilley et al. (2021, New Zealand Journal of Geology)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13490597.v1
title: Paleoproterozoic to Cenozoic zircon U–Pb ages with Hf signatures from metamorphic rocks and granodiorite of Tokunoshima: constraints on the geotectonic subdivision of the Ryukyu island arc, Southwest Japan

description: LA-ICP-MS U–Pb and Hf isotope analysis was conducted on zircons from the metamorphic unit of Omo Formation and a granodorite body of Tokunoshima in the Amami Islands, Southwest Japan. Zircons from dioritic gneiss (S9, S46) and pelitic schist (S99) yielded Paleoproterozoic upper intercept and Early Jurassic lower intercept ages. The positive ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values of the Paleoproterozoic zircons (between +12.7 and 0.8) and the negative ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values of the Jurassic zircons (−19.6 and −22.8) indicate Early Jurassic reworking of the older continental crust. The results suggest that the Omo Formation is an eastern equivalent of Cathaysia of the South China block. Zircons from granodiorite (S62) yielded a <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U mean age of 61.3 ± 1.0 Ma with positive ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values of +12.0 and +12.6. The ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values indicate juvenile magmatic activity, which is correlated with that in the San-in batholith belt of Southwest Japan. Dioritic gneiss (S30) and psammitic schist (P91) yielded zircon U–Pb ages comparable to that of granodiorite (S62) with positive ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values (from +6.4 to +10.4). This suggests that the intrusion of the granodiorite induced the crystallization of zircon grains in the host rocks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14178392.v1
title: Full zircon U-Pb geochronology data

description: Full U-Pb data table for each analysis in each sample from the Maniitsoq region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3179419
title: Age and nature of 560–520 Ma calc-alkaline granitoids of Biarjmand, northeast Iran: insights into Cadomian arc magmatism in northern Gondwana

description: The Biarjmand granitoids and granitic gneisses in northeast Iran are part of the Torud–Biarjmand metamorphic complex, where previous zircon U–Pb geochronology show ages of ca. 554–530 Ma for orthogneissic rocks. Our new U–Pb zircon ages confirm a Cadomian age and show that the granitic gneiss is ~30 million years older (561.3 ± 4.7 Ma) than intruding granitoids (522.3 ± 4.2 Ma; 537.7 ± 4.7 Ma). Cadomian magmatism in Iran was part of an approximately 100-million-year-long episode of subduction-related arc and back-arc magmatism, which dominated the whole northern Gondwana margin, from Iberia to Turkey and Iran. Major REE and trace element data show that these granitoids have calc-alkaline signatures. Their zircon O (δ<sup>18</sup>O = 6.2–8.9‰) and Hf (–7.9 to +5.5; one point with εHf ~ –17.4) as well as bulk rock Nd isotopes (εNd(<i>t</i>) = –3 to –6.2) show that these magmas were generated via mixing of juvenile magmas with an older crust and/or melting of middle continental crust. Whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf model ages (1.3–1.6 Ga) suggest that this older continental crust was likely to have been Mesoproterozoic or even older. Our results, including variable zircon εHf(<i>t</i>) values, inheritance of old zircons and lack of evidence for juvenile Cadomian igneous rocks anywhere in Iran, suggest that the geotectonic setting during late Ediacaran and early Cambrian time was a continental magmatic arc rather than back-arc for the evolution of northeast Iran Cadomian igneous rocks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3452852
title: Hafnium isotope record of the Ancient Gneiss Complex, Swaziland, southern Africa: evidence for Archaean crust–mantle formation and crust reworking between 3.66 and 2.73 Ga

description: Combined U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of zircons from 16 tonalite–trondjemite–granodiorite (TTG) gneiss and granite samples from Swaziland reveal that the oldest rocks of the Ancient Gneiss Complex in southern Africa formed by reworking of Early Archaean or perhaps Late Hadean crust at 3.66 Ga, and that new crust was extracted from a depleted mantle source during Palaeoarchaean events between 3.54 and 3.32 Ga. This interpretation is supported by εHf<sub>t</sub> of −1.6 ± 2.0 obtained from 3.66 Ga TTG gneisses, corresponding to hafnium model ages between 3.77 ± 0.18 Ga, for a presumed Hadean–Early Archaean chondritic mantle, and 4.08 ± 0.18 Ga, for a presumed Hadean depleted mantle reservoir, with the first model age being the most likely in the light of recent data from worldwide sources. Furthermore, it is reflected by superchondritic εHf<sub>t</sub> up to +2.2 ± 2.0 for TTGs formed at 3.54, 3.45 and 3.32 Ga. The new datasets additionally show that the Palaeoarchaean crust formed between 3.54 and 3.32 Ga was intensely reworked afterwards, without significant addition of depleted mantle derived material, during orogenic and intracratonic melting processes at 3.23, 3.1 and 2.7 Ga. This is well reflected by an array of decreasing εHf<sub>t</sub> from +2.2 to −7.2 between 3.3 and 2.7 Ga, which can be forced by <sup>176</sup>Lu/<sup>177</sup>Hf of 0.0113, which is similar to that of present-day average continental crust, and might result from lower crust zircon fractionation during Archaean crust reworking.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453044.v1
title: Middle Triassic arc magmatism along the northeastern margin of the Tibet: U–Pb and Lu–Hf zircon characterization of the Gangcha complex in the West Qinling terrane, central China

description: The tectonic setting of Mesozoic magmatic complexes in the northeastern margin of the Tibet plateau is disputed, and hence gives rise to uncertainty concerning the tectonic evolution of the northeastern Tibet Plateau and the timing of the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys ocean. The Gangcha complex is typical of these complexes, consisting of andesite, dacite, gabbro, gabbroic diorite, granodiorite, quartz diorite, and diorite with typical chemical traits of continental margin arc rocks. Andesite, gabbroic diorite, and mineralization-associated potassic-altered diorite yield weighted mean <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U ages of 242.1 ± 1.2 Ma, 243.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 234.0 ± 0.6 Ma respectively. Zircon ϵ<sub>Hf</sub>(t) for magmatic grains ranges from −3.5 to +5.7, interpreted to demonstrate that the Gangcha complex contains crustally contaminated mantle magmas. Inherited zircons in the complex yield similar U–Pb ages (777–310 Ma) to the A’nyemaqen composite ophiolite assemblage with ϵ<sub>Hf</sub>(t) of −17.4 to +11.6. This suggests that components of this older ophiolite melted and contributed to the Gangcha complex magmas. Hence the Gangcha complex is considered to have formed as a continental margin arc in northeastern Tibet by northward subduction during consumption of the Palaeo-Tethys ocean. Regionally, it corresponds to the arc magmatism along the eastern and western Kunlun sutures to the west and the Mianlue suture to the east.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453164.v1
title: U–Pb and Hf isotope data of detrital zircons from the Barberton Greenstone Belt: constraints on provenance and Archaean crustal evolution

description: Combined U–Pb and Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from the Fig Tree and Moodies Groups of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, yield similar Hf isotope compositions and age populations, thus pointing to a similar provenance. Zircon populations of Fig Tree Group greywacke and Moodies Group quartzarenite are both dominated by age clusters at 3.53, 3.47, and 3.28 Ga, and a minor cluster at 3.36 Ga. The Moodies quartzarenite sample additionally contains a younger age population at 3.23–3.19 Ga. Hafnium isotope data indicate that the source area of both sediments was affected by new crust formation from depleted mantle sources at 3.53, 3.47, and perhaps at 3.36 Ga (ϵHf<sub>t</sub> between −1.7 and +4.5), accompanied by partial reworking of an Eoarchaean crustal component as old as 3.75–3.95 Ga. In contrast, crustal reworking was the predominant process between 3.28 and 3.22 Ga (ϵHf<sub>t</sub> between −6.0 and +0.9), probably related to subduction and collision of terranes along the Inyoka Fault system. The zircon U–Pb and Hf isotope datasets favour a southern provenance for the Fig Tree and Moodies sediments, comprising granitoids in the vicinity of the southern Barberton Greenstone Belt and in Swaziland. This finding is in contrast to the sedimentary record of the Moodies Group, which mostly suggests a northern and along-strike provenance. This discrepancy may be due to reworking of sediments during extensive syn- and postorogenic strike-slip faulting and high uplift or subsidence between 3.26 and 3.19 Ga.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453404.v1
title: Origin and evolution of Avalonia: evidence from U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircon from the Mira terrane, Canada, and the Stavelot–Venn Massif, Belgium

description: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircon from Neoproterozoic–Cambrian clastic sedimentary rocks in the Mira terrane (Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada; West Avalonia) and the Stavelot–Venn Massif (East Belgium; East Avalonia) support deposition on an originally coherent microcontinent. Crustal evolution trends defined by ϵHf<sub>(t)</sub> values varying with age reflect juvenile magma production in the source continent at 1.2–2.2 and 2.4–3.1 Ga. Mixing of juvenile and recycled crust in continental magmatic arcs is recognized at 0.5–0.72, 1.4–1.7, 1.8–2.2 and 2.4–2.7 Ga. These results concur with the crustal evolution in Amazonia, the likely parent craton. Crustal evolution in Avalonia is recorded in detrital and magmatic zircon from Neoproterozoic arcs (680–550 Ma). Positive ϵHf<sub>(t)</sub> values suggest juvenile input and mixing with recycled crust. Most negative ϵHf<sub>(t)</sub> values represent recycling of predominantly Mesoproterozoic underlying crust. Avalonian arc magmatism was followed by late Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian sedimentation in various belts in West Avalonia. These belts were juxtaposed by strike-slip during late early Cambrian deposition in a rift basin. The youngest detrital zircon population (<em>c</em>. 517 Ma) probably represents synrift magmatism before break-up of Avalonia. Migmatization at 406 ± 2 Ma in a xenolith from the East Avalonian crust reflects post-collisional heating.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453551.v1
title: Tectonomagmatic evolution of the Early Ordovician suprasubduction-zone ophiolites of the Trondheim Region, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides

description: The Trondheim Region ophiolites in the Mid-Norwegian Caledonides represent variably tectonized ophiolite fragments. We present high-precision thermal-ionization mass spectrometry and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb zircon dates, whole-rock geochemical and Sm–Nd data and Lu–Hf zircon analyses that permit the timing and nature of various stages in the evolution of the ophiolite to be elucidated. Plagiogranite intrusions dated at 487 and 480 Ma have relatively juvenile Nd and Hf isotopic compositions (ε<sub>Nd(<em>t</em>)</sub>=6.3, ε<sub>Hf(<em>t</em>)</sub>=8.2–12.4). Geochemical data indicate a subduction-zone influence, suggesting formation in an oceanic back-arc setting. At 481 Ma, a granitoid body with a relatively strong unradiogenic Nd and Hf isotopic composition (ε<sub>Nd(<em>t</em>)</sub>=−2.6 to −4.0, ε<sub>Hf(<em>t</em>)</sub>=3.8–6.4) and subduction-zone geochemical signature intruded the ophiolite. We interpret this stage to reflect the formation or migration of an oceanic arc above a subduction zone influenced by continentally derived sediments. At <em>c.</em> 475–465 Ma, a greenstone-dominated conglomerate and volcaniclastic sequence was deposited on the eroded ophiolite, indicating obduction between about 480 and 475 Ma. At <em>c.</em> 468–467 Ma, the deformed ophiolite and its sedimentary cover was intruded by trondhjemite dykes and shoshonitic volcanic rocks with intermediate Nd and Hf isotopic compositions (ε<sub>Nd(<em>t</em>)</sub>=3.0–3.9, ε<sub>Hf(<em>t</em>)</sub>=4.4–10.2). We interpret this magmatism to reflect subduction-polarity reversal and establishment of a magmatic arc at the continental margin shortly after obduction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454115.v1
title: Detrital zircon in a supercontinental setting: locally derived and far-transported components in the Ordovician Natal Group, South Africa

description: U–Pb and Lu–Hf signatures of detrital zircon from conglomerates and sandstones of the Ordovician Natal Group, South Africa were determined using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The basal conglomerates are dominated by Palaeo- to Mesoarchaean detrital zircon with ε<sub>Hf</sub> values from +3 to −4 with minor Mesoproterozoic input, indicating a proximal source in the Kaapvaal Craton and minor input from rocks of the Natal Sector of the Mesoproterozoic Namaqua–Natal Province. The sandstones are all dominated by a combination of juvenile Mesoproterozoic zircon and Neoproterozoic zircon derived from Mesoproterozoic rocks that were reworked during the Pan-African Orogeny. Several sedimentary sequences from former Gondwana with Neoproterozoic to Permian depositional ages show similar detrital zircon signatures. Sedimentary sequences of such vast temporal and geographical distribution are unlikely to have been fed by a single source, making it more likely that these sequences were fed by several different (Pan-Gondwana) source terranes with closely similar U–Pb and Lu–Hf zircon signatures. The results show that source terrane non-uniqueness can make ascertaining sedimentary provenance from detrital zircon impossible, and should be taken as a reminder when using detrital zircon as evidence for far-reaching conclusions in basin evolution studies and palaeogeography.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454355.v1
title: Provenance of late Palaeozoic metasediments of the SW South American Gondwana margin: a combined U–Pb and Hf-isotope study of single detrital zircons

description: Combined U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope measurements of single detrital zircon grains in Carboniferous metasediments from Patagonia delineate the source areas of the sediments. The detritus, represented by four metasandstone samples, was deposited prior to onset of subduction in Late Carboniferous time along the south Patagonian proto-Pacific Gondwana margin. A broad series of detrital zircon age peaks (0.35–0.7 Ga, 0.9–1.5 Ga) and a large spread (0.3–3.5 Ga) in the age spectra require numerous sources. A fifth metasediment was deposited after the onset of subduction. This syncollisional sample shows two distinct U–Pb age peaks at <em>c</em>. 290 Ma and 305 Ma. This points to a few sources only (Patagonia, West Antarctica). Initial Hf-isotope compositions of selected U–Pb dated zircons from the Carboniferous metasediments reveal zircon protoliths originating from both recycled crust and juvenile sources (εHf<sub>(T=0.4–3.5Ga)</sub>=−14 to +12). A comparison with crustal compositions of possible source areas indicates that the detritus mainly originated from the interior of Gondwana (Extra-Andean Patagonia, the Argentine Sierra de la Ventana, southernmost Africa, East Antarctica), as well as northern Chile and northwestern Argentina. The sediment transportation paths are consistent with an autochthonous palaeogeographical position of Patagonia with respect to Gondwana in Carboniferous time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454526.v1
title: Provenance of Lower Cretaceous sediments in the Wandel Sea Basin, North Greenland

description: Detrital zircons in Lower Cretaceous sedimentary formations from the Wandel Sea Basin (Kilen, Peary Land) were dated by U–Pb and analysed for Hf isotopes by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Samples from Kilen and Peary Land display a wide range of U–Pb ages, with significant zircon populations at 1.0–1.1 and 1.8–2.0 Ga. Major hiati occur between 2.1 and 2.4 and from 0.48 to 0.91 Ga. Low initial ϵ<sub>Hf</sub> values indicate that recycled crust components are significant in Caledonian-aged zircons, and in Palaeoproterozoic (1.8–2.0 Ga) and Neoarchaean zircon populations. Other U–Pb age populations in the studied samples are dominated by zircons with positive ϵ<sub>Hf</sub> values indicating a significant contribution of mantle-derived material in these periods. A narrow range of ϵ<sub>Hf</sub> values is commonly seen within a given U–Pb age population, and the values seen in the samples are in general correlated with the different age populations and their frequency. One exception is the 1.8–2.0 Ga population, where variations suggest variable sources. The U–Pb and Hf data are consistent with Greenland as the sole source of zircon from the studied sandstones.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454589.v1
title: Granitic magmatism by melting of juvenile continental crust: new constraints on the source of Palaeoproterozoic granitoids in Fennoscandia from Hf isotopes in zircon

description: Zircons from nine Palaeoproterozoic granitoid intrusions within the southern part of the Fennoscandian Shield have been studied by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry to obtain U–Pb ages (in the range 1.88–1.68 Ga) and Hf isotope compositions. Six granitoids are from the 1.85–1.65 Ga Transscandinavian Igneous Belt; during that period more than 10<sup>6 </sup>km<sup>3</sup> of granitoid magma intruded the pre-existing crust. The large majority of magmatic zircons from the nine granitoids have a limited initial range, <sup>176</sup>Hf/<sup>177</sup>Hf = 0.2816–0.2818, and define an evolutionary trend given by an initial value of ε<sub>Hf(1.88Ga)</sub> ≈ +2 ± 3 at an average <sup>176</sup>Lu/<sup>177</sup>Hf = 0.015. These data show that a geographically extensive, long-lived, relatively homogeneous, and dominant magma source resided within 2.1–1.86 Ga Svecofennian juvenile crust between 1.88 and 1.68 Ga. Zircon xenocrysts (1.91–1.98 Ga) with initial ε<sub>Hf</sub> = +0 to +2.5 from one of the intrusions provide additional evidence for such a long-lived crustal source of granitic magmas in central Fennoscandia. The granitoids were emplaced during a period of active mafic underplating that supplied heat to the anatectic zone in the lower–middle crust, but little or no mantle-derived Hf to the granitic magmas, in contrast to many mixed intermediate rocks.