cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9796316.v1
title: NONDESTRUCTIVE ESTIMATION OF LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS

description: ABSTRACT Determination of leaf nutrient concentrations is traditionally performed by carrying out destructive procedures, requiring laboratory chemical analysis, specialized equipment, and skilled labor. However, technological advances in recent years have now made it possible to analyze leaf nutrient concentrations using non-destructive methods such as leaf reflectance. This study evaluates the relationship between leaf reflectance and nutrient concentration in order to develop and apply nutrient indices by proximal sensing data in plantations of Eucalyptus. Two experiments were carried out for the development, application and validation of nutrient indices in Eucalyptus stands in the municipalities of Lassance and Três Marias, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Study I was undertaken in Eucalyptus stands with 25 months old and, three clones. Leaves from the lower crown were visually classified into five color patterns using the Munsell chart for plant tissues. Study II was carried out in commercial stands of a hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake, whith 9, 12, 15 and 25 months old. Analysis revealed strong relationships between leaf nutrients and leaf reflectance in the visible and near infrared regions (400 - 900 nm) of the light spectrum. Correlation analysis between leaf reflectance and nutrients can be useful in an exploratory analysis of leaf nutrient concentration. Some nutrient indices developed (NI, PI, SI and CuI) provided satisfactory estimates of leaf nutrient concentration in Eucalyptus stands. The nutrient indices developed in this study may be a useful alternative to laboratory chemical analysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9796181.v1
title: MICROMORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF EUCALYPTUS SEEDS, MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSES AND MODELING OF THEIR GERMINATION UNDER SALT STRESS AND OSMOTIC CONSTRAINT

description: ABSTRACT Micromorphological characters including surface, length and width of seeds were recorded for 19 species of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) using stereomicroscope to determine the importance of seed morphological characters as an additional tool for identification.With the aim of selecting and valorizing abiotic-stress-tolerant species with landscape and industrial values and would be a potential solution for valorizing dry arid area and development of land degradation, we launched the assessment of the performance of five Eucalyptus species (E. torquata, E. sargenti, E. gillii, E. gomphocephala x E. cornuta and E. microtheca) under salinity and osmotic potential constraints. Several NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 g.L-1) and several osmotic potentials (0, -0.03, -0.1, -0.7, -1 and -1.6 MPa) were applied to seeds cultivated in petri dishes for a period of one month. Germination rates, means time of germination and coefficent of velocity were evaluated to better understand the salt stress and osmotic potential effect on germination. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the major characteristics pertaining to salinity tolerance. Modeling of germination under both constraints saline and osmotic stress is carried out to predict the behavior of the species. The hybrid E. gomphocephala x E. cornuta was more tolerant to salt stress (15 % at 12 g.L-1) and osmotic potential (61 % at -1.6 MPa) than the others species of Eucalyptus; it showed a higher germination percentage under all tested potentials, when compared to the not hybrid species of Eucalyptus. Our analyses of seeds morphology revealed that the observations shown diversity of morphological characters in seeds. Area, length and width of seeds vary significantly between species of Eucalyptus. Micromorphological characters can provide basis for classification and delimitation of genus Eucalyptus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282420
title: SIMULATIONS_SUMMER

description: Simulations of idealized cities, for a summer case, of different mitigation strategies<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9796256
title: SEEDLING EMERGENCY AND BIOMETRY OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Cariniana pyriformis FROM THE MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY, COLOMBIA

description: ABSTRACT Aiming at contributing to the knowledge of the biology and propagation of Cariniana pyriformis Miers, a native species with high timber and ecological attributes, ripe fruits were harvested. Initially, in 400 seeds and 320 fruits, the size, fresh mass, seed water content, number of seeds per fruit, number of seeds per kilogram and fruit color were assessed. Then, a homogenous seed sample was immersed for 24 hours in five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg.L-1) of gibberellins (GA3) and cultivated in a greenhouse. For this, a completely randomized design was adopted with six replications of 25 seeds each. Fruits and seeds showed values, on average ± standard deviation, of 76.1 ± 11 mm and 48.1 ± 8.2 mm in length, and 49.6 ± 5 mm and 7.2 ± 0.7 mm of width, respectively, with 62.3 ± 22.3 g of fresh mass per fruit and 13 ± 3.1 seeds per fruit. One kilogram corresponded on average to 6715 seeds with 11% water content. In the greenhouse, emergence speed index and emergency percentage of seedlings increased as the GA3 dose increased, allowing a more concentrated emergency process in a shorter period. Highest variation was found for fresh mass per fruit (CV= 35%) and number of seeds per fruit (CV= 24%). Immersion in 1000 mg.L-1 in GA3 for 24 hours triggers seedling emergency in C. pyriformis (approx. 71%), and then it is recommended for plant propagation, since the treatment accelerated and synchronized seedling emergency.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9796256.v1
title: SEEDLING EMERGENCY AND BIOMETRY OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Cariniana pyriformis FROM THE MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY, COLOMBIA

description: ABSTRACT Aiming at contributing to the knowledge of the biology and propagation of Cariniana pyriformis Miers, a native species with high timber and ecological attributes, ripe fruits were harvested. Initially, in 400 seeds and 320 fruits, the size, fresh mass, seed water content, number of seeds per fruit, number of seeds per kilogram and fruit color were assessed. Then, a homogenous seed sample was immersed for 24 hours in five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg.L-1) of gibberellins (GA3) and cultivated in a greenhouse. For this, a completely randomized design was adopted with six replications of 25 seeds each. Fruits and seeds showed values, on average ± standard deviation, of 76.1 ± 11 mm and 48.1 ± 8.2 mm in length, and 49.6 ± 5 mm and 7.2 ± 0.7 mm of width, respectively, with 62.3 ± 22.3 g of fresh mass per fruit and 13 ± 3.1 seeds per fruit. One kilogram corresponded on average to 6715 seeds with 11% water content. In the greenhouse, emergence speed index and emergency percentage of seedlings increased as the GA3 dose increased, allowing a more concentrated emergency process in a shorter period. Highest variation was found for fresh mass per fruit (CV= 35%) and number of seeds per fruit (CV= 24%). Immersion in 1000 mg.L-1 in GA3 for 24 hours triggers seedling emergency in C. pyriformis (approx. 71%), and then it is recommended for plant propagation, since the treatment accelerated and synchronized seedling emergency.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11452119
title: PLANT RICHNESS AND LIFE FORM DIVERSITY ALONG VEGETATION AND FOREST USE GRADIENTS IN NORTHWESTERN PATAGONIA OF ARGENTINA

description: ABSTRACT The imbalace between the increase in the demand and the decrease in the supply of products from natural forests, partly explains the on-going development of exotic tree plantations. In northwestern Patagonia of Argentina, Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) afforestation plays a key role in ameliorate degraded soils, but may also reduce biodiversity. The ecological sustainability of this activity was assessed in Aguas Frías (38°46´ W, 70°54´ S) and Litrán (38°54´ W, 71°01´ S) forest stations, where species richness and life form diversity of plants were compared in vegetation units, fenced and unfenced against livestock. Eleven vegetation units were identified, including natural herbaceous-shrubby steppes, xerophilous and hygrophilous meadows, pure and mixed forests of Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae) and Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae), and P. ponderosa planted forests of dissimilar canopy cover. Xerophilous meadows on rocky outcrops held 1/3 of total richness in an extremely restricted area. Hygrophilous meadows exhibited the largest number of families and native and exotic species, and lower diversity of life forms. Dense pine stands exhibited low values of light in the undergrowth, water in the topsoil, cover of undergrowth plants, frequency of hemicriptophytes and richness and diversity of life forms. As canopy cover decreased, values for these indicators resembled those of the steppe of reference. Within a plantation, greater compatibility between conservation of diversity and wood production requires maintenance of fencing, reduced tree spacing over long rotations and the development of buffer zones and biological corridors. Although such a project may represent a decline in productivity, it will promote enhanced ecosystem and aesthetic values, increasing the likelihood of further economic support from society.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8162663
title: COMPARISON OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE MEMBRANE COAGULATED IN SULPHATE BASED COAGULANT

description: ABSTRACT Regenerated cellulose properties can be altered and manipulated by various methods and procedures. Coagulation steps in cellulose regeneration process is one of the most crucial step in determining the final properties of the regenerated cellulose products. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different type of coagulant on the properties of regenerated cellulose membranes (RCM). Hence, the coagulation mechanism will be highlighted and postulated. Cellulose from cotton linter was dissolved in NaOH/urea via precooled method to form cellulose solution and coagulated in three types of coagulant which were distilled water, 5 wt% H2SO4 and 5 wt% (NH4)2SO4 which lead to the formation of RCM. The RCM were air dried and characterized for their physical, mechanical and chemical properties by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Results showed that RCM coagulated in distilled water has the highest tensile strength and crystallinity index but showed the lowest value for the elongation at break. Meanwhile, the RCM coagulated in 5 wt% (NH4)2SO4 has the lowest tensile strength and crystallinity index but had the highest value of the elongation at break. From these results, the crystallinity of RCM has affected the elongation at break for all sample. RCM with higher crystallinity have lower elongation at break compared to the one with higher crystallinity. The RCM coagulated in 5 wt% H2SO4 has intermediate results for all tensile strength, elongation at break and crystallinity compared to those coagulated in distilled water and 5 wt% (NH4)2SO4.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9796181
title: MICROMORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF EUCALYPTUS SEEDS, MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSES AND MODELING OF THEIR GERMINATION UNDER SALT STRESS AND OSMOTIC CONSTRAINT

description: ABSTRACT Micromorphological characters including surface, length and width of seeds were recorded for 19 species of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) using stereomicroscope to determine the importance of seed morphological characters as an additional tool for identification.With the aim of selecting and valorizing abiotic-stress-tolerant species with landscape and industrial values and would be a potential solution for valorizing dry arid area and development of land degradation, we launched the assessment of the performance of five Eucalyptus species (E. torquata, E. sargenti, E. gillii, E. gomphocephala x E. cornuta and E. microtheca) under salinity and osmotic potential constraints. Several NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 g.L-1) and several osmotic potentials (0, -0.03, -0.1, -0.7, -1 and -1.6 MPa) were applied to seeds cultivated in petri dishes for a period of one month. Germination rates, means time of germination and coefficent of velocity were evaluated to better understand the salt stress and osmotic potential effect on germination. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the major characteristics pertaining to salinity tolerance. Modeling of germination under both constraints saline and osmotic stress is carried out to predict the behavior of the species. The hybrid E. gomphocephala x E. cornuta was more tolerant to salt stress (15 % at 12 g.L-1) and osmotic potential (61 % at -1.6 MPa) than the others species of Eucalyptus; it showed a higher germination percentage under all tested potentials, when compared to the not hybrid species of Eucalyptus. Our analyses of seeds morphology revealed that the observations shown diversity of morphological characters in seeds. Area, length and width of seeds vary significantly between species of Eucalyptus. Micromorphological characters can provide basis for classification and delimitation of genus Eucalyptus.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/oiajvo/up3tsq
title: snow_specific_area.tif

description: SICE version: Cloud removed, PPGC, SNAP7, pySICEv1.4
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11452119.v1
title: PLANT RICHNESS AND LIFE FORM DIVERSITY ALONG VEGETATION AND FOREST USE GRADIENTS IN NORTHWESTERN PATAGONIA OF ARGENTINA

description: ABSTRACT The imbalace between the increase in the demand and the decrease in the supply of products from natural forests, partly explains the on-going development of exotic tree plantations. In northwestern Patagonia of Argentina, Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) afforestation plays a key role in ameliorate degraded soils, but may also reduce biodiversity. The ecological sustainability of this activity was assessed in Aguas Frías (38°46´ W, 70°54´ S) and Litrán (38°54´ W, 71°01´ S) forest stations, where species richness and life form diversity of plants were compared in vegetation units, fenced and unfenced against livestock. Eleven vegetation units were identified, including natural herbaceous-shrubby steppes, xerophilous and hygrophilous meadows, pure and mixed forests of Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae) and Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae), and P. ponderosa planted forests of dissimilar canopy cover. Xerophilous meadows on rocky outcrops held 1/3 of total richness in an extremely restricted area. Hygrophilous meadows exhibited the largest number of families and native and exotic species, and lower diversity of life forms. Dense pine stands exhibited low values of light in the undergrowth, water in the topsoil, cover of undergrowth plants, frequency of hemicriptophytes and richness and diversity of life forms. As canopy cover decreased, values for these indicators resembled those of the steppe of reference. Within a plantation, greater compatibility between conservation of diversity and wood production requires maintenance of fencing, reduced tree spacing over long rotations and the development of buffer zones and biological corridors. Although such a project may represent a decline in productivity, it will promote enhanced ecosystem and aesthetic values, increasing the likelihood of further economic support from society.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282420.v1
title: SIMULATIONS_SU;;ER

description: Simulations of idealized cities, for a summer case, of different mitigation strategies<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7020533
title: EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF NOTHOFAGUS (NOTHOFAGACEAE) SPECIES FROM THE SUBANTARCTIC FOREST UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS OF LIGHT, SUBSTRATE AND ECOLOGICAL INTERACTION

description: ABSTRACT The entry of trees into a community is an irregular process often constrained by species interactions and regeneration niche. We experimentally examined the effect of light intensity (high, medium and low), substrate type (mineral and cover with litter) and presence of Chusquea culeou (Poaceae), on the performance of regeneration of Nothofagus dombeyi, N. obliqua and N. alpina (Nothofagaceae). These species constitute the natural forest within the lake Lácar watershed (40° 08´ W, 71° 30´ S). Populations of C. culeou, an abundant understorey component that restrict tree regeneration, experimented in 2001 a gregarious fl owering and subsequent mortality comprising 200,000 ha and the development of an abundant seedlings cohort. During tests, Nothofagus species exhibited a very low germination (&lt; 2.2%) positively correlated with seed weight. Plant emergence and size was larger and mortality smaller under high irradiation, probably as an adaptation to colonize open areas. Reduced germination of seeds on organic substrate was ascribed to the role of litter as a physical barrier. Nothofagus exhibited 76% of increased mortality under the presence of C. culeou, whose germination was very abundant (93% in laboratory) and occurred preferably with high irradiance and litter. However, C. culeou also showed a good response with lower light levels. After senescence, C. culeou would form an abundant and fast-growing cohort that probably limits Nothofagus ability to establish, given increased mortality and litter accumulation. These results contribute to a better understanding of succession, which is crucial for implementing a sound management of this valuable ecosystem.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7898738
title: EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT AND ABSCISIC ACID ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM IN SEEDLINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense (CAMBESS.)

description: ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) on photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of Calophyllum brasiliense grown under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments: 1) daily irrigation without ABA (I 0 ABA); 2) daily irrigation + ABA 10 µM (I 10 ABA); 3) daily irrigation + ABA 100 µM (I 100 ABA); 4) suspension of daily irrigation without ABA (E 0 ABA); 5) suspension of daily irrigation + ABA 10 µM (E 10 ABA); 6) suspension of daily irrigation + ABA 100 µM (E 100 ABA). According to results, suspending irrigation decreased gas exchange and water potential, affecting negatively the functioning of the photochemical apparatus, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The decrease in stomatal conductance was accompanied by a decrease in photosynthetic and transpiration rates, but seedlings treated with 10 µM ABA presented a higher photosynthetic rate than the remaining treatments under water deficit. Seedlings under water restriction showed recovery after reirrigation of all studied parameters until the end of the experiment, to values similar to those of control plants. Intermittent water deficit decreased plant water status and gas exchange, and increases the antioxidant enzyme activity. Application of 10 µM ABA minimizes the effects of water deficit and increases the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves in C. brasiliense seedlings and improve plant recovery after resuming irrigation, preserving the integrity and functioning of photosynthetic apparatus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12056943
title: CONICITY AND YIELD FOR LUMBER FROM COMMERCIAL SPECIES FROM THE AMAZON

description: ABSTRACT Stem conicity and the sawing pattern, besides the presence of hollows and sapwood, are among the principal factors that are responsible for the low yield of lumber from harvested wood in the Amazon. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze of logs and stem conicity, and its effect on yield of sawn wood from the species Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Lecythis lurida (Miers) S. A. Mori, Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier, Astronium lecointei Ducke and Couratari sp., which are currently the most important commercial species in the study area. The data used were obtained from six production units in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará. The variables analyzed were conicity (obtained as a function of the difference between diameters at the base and top) between logs, DBH classes (diameter at breast height) and species, as well as yield (estimated using the Software MaxiTora) between logs and species. The majority of the species showed differences in conicity between logs, with the first log being the most conic, which was directly reflected by the lower yield for this log. There was a tendency of increase in conicity in the larger DBH classes, and differences in conicity and yield between species. The estimated yields were superior to the percent yields observed for Amazonian species in studies done using samples with similar characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that conicity can vary between species, logs, and DBH classes, and is a characteristic that directly effects the yield of lumber. Furthermore, the incorporation of cutting templates represents an alternative for maximizing lumber yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7898738.v1
title: EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT AND ABSCISIC ACID ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM IN SEEDLINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense (CAMBESS.)

description: ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) on photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of Calophyllum brasiliense grown under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments: 1) daily irrigation without ABA (I 0 ABA); 2) daily irrigation + ABA 10 µM (I 10 ABA); 3) daily irrigation + ABA 100 µM (I 100 ABA); 4) suspension of daily irrigation without ABA (E 0 ABA); 5) suspension of daily irrigation + ABA 10 µM (E 10 ABA); 6) suspension of daily irrigation + ABA 100 µM (E 100 ABA). According to results, suspending irrigation decreased gas exchange and water potential, affecting negatively the functioning of the photochemical apparatus, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The decrease in stomatal conductance was accompanied by a decrease in photosynthetic and transpiration rates, but seedlings treated with 10 µM ABA presented a higher photosynthetic rate than the remaining treatments under water deficit. Seedlings under water restriction showed recovery after reirrigation of all studied parameters until the end of the experiment, to values similar to those of control plants. Intermittent water deficit decreased plant water status and gas exchange, and increases the antioxidant enzyme activity. Application of 10 µM ABA minimizes the effects of water deficit and increases the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves in C. brasiliense seedlings and improve plant recovery after resuming irrigation, preserving the integrity and functioning of photosynthetic apparatus.