cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8q02m
title: Data from: Indirect effects of habitat disturbance on invasion: nutritious litter from a grazing resistant plant favors alien over native Collembola

description: Biological invasions are major threats to biodiversity, with impacts that
 may be compounded by other forms of environmental change. Observations of
 high density of the invasive springtail (Collembola), Hypogastrura
 manubrialis in heavily grazed renosterveld vegetation in the Western Cape,
 South Africa, raised the question of whether the invasion was favored by
 changes in plant litter quality associated with habitat disturbance in
 this vegetation type. To examine the likely mechanisms underlying the high
 abundance of H. manubrialis, cages with three types of naturally occurring
 litter with different nutrient content were placed out in the area and
 collected after different periods of time. Hypogastrura manubrialis was
 mainly found in the nutrient-rich litter of the yellowbush (Galenia
 africana), which responds positively to disturbance in the form of
 overgrazing. This suggests that invasion may have been facilitated by a
 positive interaction with this grazing resistant plant. By contrast,
 indigenous Collembola were least abundant in yellowbush litter. Negative
 correlations between high abundance of H. manubrialis and the abundance
 and diversity of other species suggest that competitive interactions might
 underlie low abundance of these other species at the patch level. Group
 behavior enables H. manubrialis to utilize efficiently this ephemeral,
 high quality resource, and might improve its competitive ability. The
 results suggest that interactions among environmental change drivers may
 lead to unforeseen invasion effects. H. manubrialis is not likely to be
 very successful in un-grazed renosterveld, but in combination with
 grazing, favoring the nutrient-rich yellowbush, it may become highly
 invasive. Field manipulations are required to fully verify these
 conclusions.
description: DRYAD_Leinaas_et_al_2015Number of Collembola in litter traps (h=4 cm, Ø = 7.5 cm) at three sampling dates after the traps were placed out in a renosterveld vegetation in Western Cape, South Africa
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4s2b
title: Data from: Transgenerational effects and the cost of ant tending in aphids

description: In mutualistic interactions, partners obtain a net benefit, but there may
 also be costs associated with the provision of benefits for a partner. The
 question of whether aphids suffer such costs when attended by ants has
 been raised in previous work. Transgenerational effects, where offspring
 phenotypes are adjusted based on maternal influences, could be important
 in the mutualistic interaction between aphids and ants, in particular
 because aphids have telescoping generations where two offspring
 generations can be present in a mature aphid. We investigated the
 immediate and transgenerational influence of ant tending on aphid life
 history and reproduction by observing the interaction between the
 facultative myrmecophile Aphis fabae and the ant Lasius niger over 13
 aphid generations in the laboratory. We found that the effect of ant
 tending changes dynamically over successive aphid generations after the
 start of tending. Initially, total aphid colony weight, aphid adult weight
 and aphid embryo size decreased compared with untended aphids, consistent
 with a cost of ant association, but these differences disappeared within
 four generations of interaction. We conclude that transgenerational
 effects are important in the aphid–ant interactions and that the costs for
 aphids of being tended by ants can vary over generations.
description: Aphid wet and dry adult
 weightThe file contains wet
 and dry weights (mg) of groups of sampled aphids (Aphis fabae), reared at
 low and high density on broad bean (Vicia faba).aphid_dry_weight_data.txtWeights of aphids reared with and without antsThe file contains data related to the (wet) weights of the aphids in the different cages at the time of collection (end of a generation), over the generations of the main experiment of the study.aphid_weight_data.txtWeight differences between unattended and ant-attended aphidsThe file contains differences of values of variables (from the data file aphid_weight_data.txt) between the two cylinders in a pair, for GenRel going from 0 to 4 (where 1 is the first ant attended generation in a trial). The differences are formed as the value for the ant attended cylinder in a pair minus the value for the unattended cylinder.aphid_paired_weight_data.txtAphid embryo size distributionThe file contains data on the distribution of aphid embryos over size categories, for a number of dissected adult aphids that were sampled from the main experiment of the study, including unattended and ant-attended aphids. Each row of the data file corresponds to one dissected aphid.aphid_embryo_data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.326jr60
title: Data from: Reconstructing biological invasions using public surveys: a new approach to retrospectively assess spatio-temporal changes in invasive spread

description: [No abstract entered]
description: DRYAD_bullfrog
 occupancy_inputInput file for occupancy
 analyses used in the paper. Data matrix of detection (1)/non-detection(0)
 of Indian bullfrogs by key informants (obs 1-10) and field survey (obs 11)
 at 91 sites on the Andaman archipelago.DRYAD_perceptionData used in analyses of perception of the Indian bullfrog among key informants. Categorized as loss, benefit, neutral, and loss-benefit ('both').DRYAD_dispersal hubsData on 'dispersal hubs' and associated introductions within the Andaman archipelago for the Indian bullfrog. Dispersal hubs - Billyground-Nimbudera (BG-ND), Webi, Diglipur, acted as source for multiple introduction events within the archipelago. Information on source-recipient, distance moved, and transfer type provided.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2f7g889
title: Data from: Divergent selection on the biomechanical properties of stamens under wind and insect pollination

description: Wind pollination has evolved from insect pollination in numerous
 angiosperm lineages and is associated with a characteristic syndrome of
 morphological traits. The traits initiating transitions to wind
 pollination and the ecological drivers involved are poorly understood.
 Here, we examine this problem in Thalictrum pubescens, an ambophilous
 (insect and wind pollination) species that probably represents a
 transitional state in the evolution of wind pollination in some taxa. We
 investigated wind-induced pollen release by forced harmonic motion by
 measuring stamen natural frequency (fn), a key vibration parameter, and
 its variability among nine populations. We assessed the repeatability of
 fn over consecutive growing seasons, the effect of this parameter on
 pollen release in a wind tunnel, and male reproductive success in the
 field using experimental manipulation of the presence or absence of
 pollinators. We found significant differences among populations and high
 repeatability within genotypes in fn. The wind tunnel assay revealed a
 strong negative correlation between fn and pollen release. Siring success
 was greatest for plants with lower fn when pollinators were absent; but
 this advantage diminished when pollinators were present. Our biomechanical
 analysis of the wind-flower interface has identified fn as a key trait for
 understanding early stages in the transition from insect to wind
 pollination.
description: Seed production of
 plants in screen housesRaw and summary data for
 field experiment investigating male reproductive success in the presence
 or absence of pollinators for plants differing in stamen natural
 frequency.manipulative field experiment
 data.xlsxWind tunnel assay of
 pollen releaseData for wind tunnel
 assay of pollen release from flowers differing in stamen natural
 frequency. Flowers were exposed to two wind speeds, high and low. File
 includes raw data for each trial, and summary data used to produce Figure
 2.wind
 tunnel assay data.xlsxMeasurements of stamen
 and floral traitsData used in population
 comparison and repeatability measurements of stamen natural
 frequency.stamen trait
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4105
title: Data from: Significance of constraints on genital coevolution: why do female Drosophila appear to cooperate with males by accepting harmful matings?

description: The mechanisms driving the coevolution of male and female genital
 morphologies are still debated. Female genitalia in Drosophila species
 bear membranous “pouches” or hardened “shields,” which the male genital
 armature contact during copulation. Although shield-like structures likely
 serve to “resist” harmful mating, some authors have suggested that soft
 pouches, which do not prevent male genitalia from inflicting wounds,
 represent a congruent sensory organ. To elucidate the evolutionary forces
 responsible for the development of such organs, I examined the effects of
 artificial damage to various genital parts of female D. erecta on
 reproductive success. Despite a high survival rate among females, damage
 to the ovipositor plate resulted in frequent failure of insemination and
 in the embedment of eggs into the substrate. Damage to the vaginal shield
 resulted in increased mortality and frequent failure of egg embedment,
 with an egg blocking the vagina under the damaged shield in some females.
 Wounding of the pouch had less of an effect on both mating and oviposition
 success, suggesting that the structure “lures” the male trauma-causing
 organs to areas where the resultant wounds do not interfere with
 insemination or oviposition. These data show that the dual functions of
 female genitalia (mating and oviposition) mediate genital coevolution.
description: Original_dataCopulation duration (p1), patterns of copulatory wounding (p2), and the results of the surgical experiments for virgin (p3) and mated (p4-6) of females of Drosophila erecta.OriginalData.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cr7s6
title: Data from: Parent birds assess nest predation risk: influence of cavity condition and avian nest predator activity

description: Skutch hypothesized that nest predators visually assess parental
 activities to locate a prey nest, whereas parents modify fitness-related
 traits to reduce the probability of nest predation. We examined how cavity
 condition and parental activity interact with avian nest predators to
 shape the nest success of two coexisting parid species, marsh tits Poecile
 palustris and oriental tits Parus minor, breeding in nest-boxes during the
 incubation period. Nest-boxes were manipulated to create a prolonged risk
 of nest predation (entrance diameter 2.6 cm control vs 5.5 cm treatment)
 soon after clutch completion. To measure changes in parental behavior, we
 also simultaneously simulated a pulsed risk of nest predation, using sound
 playbacks of a coexisting control bird and an avian nest predator. We
 found that the parent tits merely responded the pulsed risk, presumably
 due to an environment with high avian nest predator encounters, compared
 to the prolonged risk. Instead, both species spent more time on vigilance
 at the nest, only under prolonged risk conditions. The activity of corvids
 near the nest-box was higher in the marsh tit than that in oriental tits.
 This activity was also higher in the treatment nest box than that in the
 control nest-box. Nest predation during the incubation period was higher
 in marsh tits than in oriental tits, presumably due to higher and more
 plastic vigilance in oriental tits, compared to marsh tits. Our results
 highlight that the differences in cavity condition and parental activities
 at the nests of two coexisting non-excavators may contribute to
 differential nest predation by attracting avian nest predators.
description: Behavioral level and
 incubation behavior plasticity in marsh tits (Poecile palustris) and
 oriental tits (Parus minor) in response to pulsed and prolonged risks of
 nest predationNest ID; Species (MATI =
 marsh tit; ORTI = oriental tit); Nestbox type (SMALL = control; ENLARGED =
 treatment; prolonged risk); Playback stimulus (DOVE = non-predator sound;
 MAGPIE = nest predator sound; pulsed risk); Clutch size (number of eggs
 per nest); Incubation period (days; clutch completion = day 1 of
 incubation); Nest predation (0 = fledged; 1 = depredated); Ambient
 temperature (ºC); Nest attentiveness (%); Male incubation feeding trips /
 hr; Female foraging trips / hr; Detected numbers of corvids (within 50 m
 for 5 mins); Vigilance time (%)Tit
 data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2p03rn2
title: Data from: Empirical test of the native–nonnative distinction: Native and nonnative assemblages of Anolis lizards are similar in morphology and phylogeny

description: 1. Nonnative ("invasive," "exotic,"
 "naturalized") species frequently are vilified. However, some
 philosophers and ecologists have questioned whether nonnative species and
 assemblages are objectively, ahistorically identifiable as different
 entities relative to native species and assemblages, once selection biases
 are taken into account. 2. We used an unprecedented dataset of morphology,
 phylogeny, and assemblage content for 336 species of Anolis lizard to
 compare morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of variability and
 central tendency between native assemblages and those that include
 nonnative species. 3. Equivalence tests demonstrated significant
 similarity between native and nonnative assemblages in trait variability,
 phylogenetic dispersion, and mean trait values except for body size;
 logistic and zero-inflated regression failed to distinguish native and
 nonnative assemblages. For most traits, similarity was not due to
 assemblages being structured randomly but rather to both native and
 nonnative assemblages including similar species. 4. Without historical
 information, a naïve observer would be unable to identify Anolis
 assemblages as native or nonnative based on morphological assemblage
 structure or most mean assemblage trait values, but would have some
 success categorizing assemblages based on average body size of species in
 the assemblage. 5. Significant phylogenetic and morphological clustering
 in native assemblages likely reflects source pools composed of close
 relatives that share traits, as well as some environmental filtering
 effects; the slightly less phylogenetically clustered but equally
 morphologically clustered nonnative assemblages are less constrained to
 proximal source pools but still probably subject to filtering. Differences
 between native and nonnative assemblages in mean body size likely reflect
 assemblage youth. The ontological status of nonnative species is discussed
 in light of these results.
description: Species data for Poe and
 Latella's 2018 Functional Ecology paperValues for body length,
 relative hindlimb (~femur) length, relative head length, and number of
 scales across the dorsal surface of the head between the second canthal
 scales for 336 species of Anolis lizard.336FE.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rc071b2v
title: Data from: A test of the hypothesis that correlational selection generates genetic correlations

description: Theory predicts that correlational selection on two traits will cause the
 major axis of the bivariate G matrix to orient itself in the same
 direction as the correlational selection gradient. Two testable
 predictions follow from this: for a given pair of traits (1) the sign of
 correlational selection gradient should be the same as that of the genetic
 correlation, and (2) the correlational selection gradient should be
 positively correlated with the value of the genetic correlation. We test
 this hypothesis with a meta-analysis utilizing empirical estimates of
 correlational selection gradients and measures of the correlation between
 the two focal traits. Our results are consistent with both predictions and
 hence support the underlying hypothesis that correlational selection
 generates a genetic correlation between the two traits and hence orients
 the bivariate G matrix.
description: Correlational.selection
 dataFile containing the data
 used in the analysis plus some descriptors. For the full reference see the
 journal paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k8d1f
title: Data from: Insect adhesion on rough surfaces: analysis of adhesive contact of smooth and hairy pads on transparent micro-structured substrates

description: Insect climbing footpads are able to adhere to rough surfaces, but the
 details of this capability are still unclear. To overcome experimental
 limitations of randomly rough, opaque surfaces, we fabricated transparent
 test substrates containing square arrays of 1.4 µm diameter pillars, with
 variable height (0.5 and 1.4 µm) and spacing (from 3 to 22 µm). Smooth
 pads of cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea) made partial contact (limited to
 the tops of the structures) for the two densest arrays of tall pillars,
 but full contact (touching the substrate in between pillars) for larger
 spacings. The transition from partial to full contact was accompanied by a
 sharp increase in shear forces. Tests on hairy pads of dock beetles
 (Gastrophysa viridula) showed that setae adhered between pillars for
 larger spacings, but pads were equally unable to make full contact on the
 densest arrays. The beetles' shear forces similarly decreased for
 denser arrays, but also for short pillars and with a more gradual
 transition. These observations can be explained by simple contact models
 derived for soft uniform materials (smooth pads) or thin flat plates
 (hairy-pad spatulae). Our results show that microstructured substrates are
 powerful tools to reveal adaptations of natural adhesives for rough
 surfaces.
description: Adhesive contact on
 microstructured substratesThis file contains
 single pad friction force measurements of cockroach and dock beetle pads
 on transparent micro-structured substrates and the static contact study of
 dock beetle pads on "tall" pillar substrates.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.br022
title: Data from: Chemical tradeoffs in seed dispersal: Defensive metabolites in fruits deter consumption by mutualist bats

description: Although fleshy fruits function primarily to attract seed dispersers, many
 animal-dispersed fruits contain potentially toxic secondary metabolites.
 These metabolites can provide defense against seed predators and
 pathogens, but their effects on dispersers are still poorly understood. In
 some cases plants may experience a tradeoff, where the metabolites that
 provide fruit defense also reduce seed disperser preferences. In other
 cases the bioactivity of fruit secondary metabolites may be directed
 primarily at pests with no negative effects on seed-dispersing
 vertebrates. We tested the effects of amides, a group of nitrogen-based
 defensive compounds common in the plant genus Piper (Piperaceae), in
 interactions with the primary seed dispersers of Piper in the neotropics –
 fruit-feeding bats in the genus Carollia (Phyllostomidae). In a series of
 flight cage experiments, pure amides and amide-rich fruit extracts reduced
 the preferences of bats for Piper fruit, affecting both the bats’ initial
 choices to remove Piper infructescences and the proportion of fruit
 consumed from individual infructescences once they were removed. However,
 the effects of amides varied considerably among three species of Carollia
 and among the specific individual amides and extracts tested. Overall, our
 results support the hypothesis that plants experience a tradeoff between
 seed dispersal and fruit defense, but the strength of this tradeoff and
 the overall fitness consequences may depend strongly on ecological
 context.
description: AmidesAndBats_FruitChoiceByGroupsee associated ReadMe fileAmidesAndBats_FruitChoiceByBatsee associated ReadMe fileAmidesAndBats_FruitChoiceByFruitsee associated ReadMe fileAmidesAndBats_NoChoicesee associated ReadMe file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.778
title: Data from: Phylogeny of Lichen- and Non-Lichen-Forming Omphalinoid Mushrooms and the Utility of Testing for Combinability among Multiple Data Sets

description: As an initial step toward developing a model system to study requirements
 for and consequences of transitions to mutualism, the phylogeny of a group
 of closely related lichenized and nonlichenized basidiomycetes (Omphalina)
 was reconstructed. The phylogenetic analyses are based on four data sets
 representing different regions of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit (ITS1,
 5.8S, ITS2, and 25S) obtained from 30 species of Omphalina and related
 genera. The resulting phylogenetic trees from each of these four data
 sets, when analyzed separately, were not identical. Testing for the
 combinability of these four data sets suggested that they could not be
 combined in their entirety. The removal of ambiguous alignments and
 saturated sites was sufficient, after reapplying the combinability test on
 the pruned data sets, to explain the topological discrepancies. In this
 process, the first of two complementary tests developed by Rodrigo et al.
 (1993, N.Z. J. Bot. 31:257--268) to assess whether two data sets are the
 result of the same phylogenetic history was found to be biased, rejecting
 the combinability of two data sets even when they are samples of the same
 phylogenetic history. Combining the four pruned data sets yielded
 phylogenies that suggest the five lichen-forming species of Omphalina form
 a monophyletic group. The sister group to this symbiotic clade consists
 mostly of dark brown Omphalina species intermixed with species from the
 genera Arrhenia and Phaeothellus. The genera Omphalina and Gerronema are
 shown to be polyphyletic. The lichen-forming species O. ericetorum and the
 nonmutualistic species O. velutipes, O. epichysium, and O. sphagnicola are
 the best candidates for experimental work designed to gain a better
 understanding of mechanisms involved in symbiotic interactions and the
 role symbiosis has played in the evolution of fungi.
description: Lutzoni Data
 Setlutz.paup
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jv37v
title: Data from: Testing the role of mating preference in a case of incomplete ecological speciation with gene flow

description: Mating preference can evolve as a side effect of ecological adaptation and
 simultaneously contribute to speciation in certain scenarios. However,
 theoretical predictions have been difficult to test experimentally because
 there has not been any simple way to relate empirical and theoretical
 parameters. Recently, it has been shown that the r coefficient and other
 statistics can be used to estimate mating preference in wild-captured
 mating pairs. In the present work we use these estimators to test whether
 mating preference has significantly increased in a context favorable for
 ecological divergence. We perform the study using two groups of samples
 from populations of the marine gastropod Littorina saxatilis: 1) a group
 of bimodal populations affected by ecological divergence, and 2) a group
 of unimodal populations. The results show that mating preference (unlike
 the trait affected by the preference) does not increase when two ecotypes
 meet and mate in sympatry, which suggests that mating preference must be
 controlled by strong stabilizing natural selection, and/or limited by
 mating cost. This would suggest that mating preference would rarely
 contribute to speciation under the face of gene flow in these ecotypes.
description: DATA of mating pairs
 from 32 samples in L. saxatilisThe data provide size
 distribution of male (size1) and female (size2) in Littorina saxatilis
 mating pairs from 32 samples (pop). The samples are classified in two
 groups (area), those representing bimodal populations with tw ecotypes
 living in sympatry and able to meet for mating (area 1) and those living
 in unimodal populations with only one ecotype present. For every mating
 pair the ecotype type of each sex, mor1 (for male) and mor2 (for female)
 is also provided (1 shelter, 2 intermediate and 3 exposed
 ecotypes).DATApairs saxatilis
 32.xlsx