DOI: 10.5061/dryad.05qfttfd4
title: Data from: Seasonal shifts in thermoregulatory behavior of bumble bee queens

description: Many organisms cope with highly variable environmental temperatures by
 differentiating body temperature from that of the environment through
 thermoregulation. Heterotherms can both endogenously maintain body
 temperature with metabolic heat and behaviorally thermoregulate by
 selecting suitable microclimates. Expending excess energy to maintain
 stable high body temperatures may be prioritized during certain times of
 the year, or for certain activities (e.g., reproduction, escape from
 predation). Alternatively, behavioral thermoregulation may take precedence
 when energy savings are critical. The degree to which heterotherms rely on
 these different strategies has rarely been studied. To address this gap,
 we measured body temperature and selected temperatures on a thermal
 gradient for heterothermic bumble bee queens (Bombus huntii) at two life
 stages: during spring, when ovary development prior to colony
 establishment is critical, and in fall, when they build energy stores for
 overwintering. Not only did spring queens have a narrower range of body
 temperatures than fall queens, but they maintained higher body
 temperatures at cooler gradient temperatures. These results suggest that
 thermoregulatory strategy varies seasonally to sustain key activities but
 is context-dependent: when ambient temperatures are cool, metabolic heat
 production is relied upon if reproductive pressure is high and reduced if
 accumulating energy reserves is critical.
description: # Seasonal shifts in thermoregulatory behavior of bumble bee queens
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.05qfttfd4](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.05qfttfd4) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables #### File: huntiiTpref.csv **Description:**  We used one .csv (“huntiTpref.csv” which consists of the following 8 columns: ##### Variables * trial: 30-minute run of no more than 5 individuals on the thermal gradient * bee.id: individual identifier * body.temp: thoracic temperature in Celsius taken from FLIR software * gradient.temp: gradient temperature in Celsius selected near the individual’s antennae from FLIR software * season: our treatment groups, *spring* and *fall* * mass: initial mass in grams of an individual at the start of a trial * postmass: mass in grams of an individual at the end of a trial * count.minutes: time body and gradient temperatures were measured during a trial ## Code/software **Code version**: R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16 ucrt) * library(betareg) version 3.2.0 * library(gam) version 1.22.3 * library(tidyverse) version 2.0.0 * library(lubridate) version 1.9.3 * library(ggpubr) version 0.6.0 * library(ggExtra) version 1.10.1 * library(cowplot) version 1.1.1 * library(DHARMa) version 0.4.6 * library(mgcv) version 1.8.42 * library(lattice) version 0.21.8 * library(Matrix) version 1.6.5 * library(glmmTMB) version 1.1.9 **Instructions for users to run the software**: The code is heavily annotated which should walk users through the project workflow. ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * NA Data was derived from the following sources: * Authors collected the data from the field and in the lab.