DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1597g
title: Data from: Downscaled and debiased climate simulations for North America from 21,000 years ago to 2100AD

description: Increasingly, ecological modellers are integrating paleodata with future
 projections to understand climate-driven biodiversity dynamics from the
 past through the current century. Climate simulations from earth system
 models are necessary to this effort, but must be debiased and downscaled
 before they can be used by ecological models. Downscaling methods and
 observational baselines vary among researchers, which produces confounding
 biases among downscaled climate simulations. We present unified datasets
 of debiased and downscaled climate simulations for North America from
 21 ka BP to 2100AD, at 0.5° spatial resolution. Temporal resolution is
 decadal averages of monthly data until 1950AD, average climates for
 1950–2005 AD, and monthly data from 2010 to 2100AD, with decadal averages
 also provided. This downscaling includes two transient paleoclimatic
 simulations and 12 climate models for the IPCC AR5 (CMIP5) historical
 (1850–2005), RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 21st-century scenarios. Climate variables
 include primary variables and derived bioclimatic variables. These
 datasets provide a common set of climate simulations suitable for
 seamlessly modelling the effects of past and future climate change on
 species distributions and diversity.
description: CCSM3 NA Climates
 22ka-0ka, Min & Max TemperatureDownscaled and debiased
 paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to
 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years
 ago to 20th century. Variables: mean minimum daily temperature, mean
 maximum daily temperatureccsm3_22-0k_temp.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, PET & AETDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration.ccsm3_22-0k_et.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, PrecipitationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: mean total monthly precipitationccsm3_22-0k_prcp.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, Growing Degree DaysDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: growing degree days, 5C & 0C.ccsm3_22-0k_gdd.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, Net Downward Longwave RadiationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly net downward longwave radiation at surfaceccsm3_22-0k_lwn.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, Downward Shortwave RadiationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly downward shortwave radiation at surface.ccsm3_22-0k_swd.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, Upward Shortwave RadiationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly upward shortwave radiation at surface.ccsm3_22-0k_swu.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, Water Vapor PressureDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: mean monthly water vapor pressureccsm3_22-0k_vap.ncCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, Wind SpeedDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly wind speedccsm3_22-0k_wnd.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, Min & Max TemperatureDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: mean minimum daily temperature, mean maximum daily temperature.ecbilt_21-0k_temp.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, AET & PETDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspirationecbilt_21-0k_et.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, PrecipitationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean total monthly precipitationecbilt_21-0k_prcp.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, Growing Degree DaysDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: growing degree days, base 5C & 0C.ecbilt_21-0k_gdd.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, Water Vapor PressureDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly water vapor pressure.ecbilt_21-0k_vap.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, Downward Shortwave RadiationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly downward shortwave radiation at surface.ecbilt_21-0k_swd.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, Net Downward Longwave RadiationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variables: mean monthly net downward longwave radiation at surfaceecbilt_21-0k_lwn.ncEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, Upward Shortwave RadiationDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from EC-BILT (Timm & Timmermann, 2007). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and decadal resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to 20th century. Variable: mean monthly upward shortwave radiation at surface.ecbilt_21-0k_swu.ncCMIP5 NA Climates 1950-2005AD, Historical Scenario (1/2)Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 historical scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and represents a mean climatology for 1950-2005. Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 6 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 modelshistorical1.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 1950-2005AD, Historical Scenario (2/2)Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 historical scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and represents a mean climatology for 1950-2005. Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 6 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 modelshistorical2.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 4.5 Scenario (1/3)CMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 4.5 Scenario (1/3) the CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100 Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 4 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 models.rcp45_1.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 4.5 Scenario (2/3)Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100 Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 4 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 models.rcp45_2.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 4.5 Scenario (3/3)Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100 Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 4 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 models.rcp45_3.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 8.5 Scenario (1/3)CMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 8.5 Scenario (1/3) Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100 Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 4 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 models.rcp85_1.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 8.5 Scenario (2/3)Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP8.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100. Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables and models are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 4 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 models.rcp85_2.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 8.5 Scenario (3/3)Downscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP8.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100. Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. Multiple climatic variables and models are included in this file. To meet Dryad upload limits, this file holds data from 4 of 12 downscaled CMIP5 models.rcp85_3.zipCCSM3 NA Climates 22ka-0ka, TIFSDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and 500-year resolution for North America for 22,000 years ago to the 20th century. These TIFS were generated from the decadal-scale NetCDF data, and extracted as climatic summaries comprising 200-year bins and spaced 500 years apart. They are formatted for direct input into species distribution models. Multiple climate variables are included in this file.ccsm3_22-0k_all_tifs.zipEC-BILT NA Climates 21ka-0ka, TIFSDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from CCSM3 (Liu et al. 2009). Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and 500-year resolution for North America for 21,000 years ago to the 20th century. These TIFS were generated from the decadal-scale NetCDF data, and extracted as climatic summaries comprising 200-year bins and spaced 500 years apart. They are formatted for direct input into species distribution models.ecbilt_21-0k_all_tifs.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 1950-2005AD, Historical Scenario, TIFSDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 historical scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and represents a mean climatology for 1950-2005. These TIFS were generated from the NetCDF data, and are formatted for direct input into species distribution models. Multiple climatic variables and models are included in this file.cmip5_hist_1950-2005_all_tifs.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 4.5 Scenario, TIFSDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100. Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. These TIFS were generated from the NetCDF data, and are formatted for direct input into species distribution models. Multiple climatic variables and models are included in this file.cmip5_rcp4.5_2006-2100_all_tifs.zipCMIP5 NA Climates 2010-2100AD, RCP 8.5 Scenario, TIFSDownscaled and debiased paleoclimatic simulations from the CMIP5 RCP8.5 scenario. Downscaled to 0.5deg lat/lon and extracted at decadal intervals from 2010 to 2100. Downscaling follows same procedures as for paleoclimatic simulations. These TIFS were generated from the NetCDF data, and are formatted for direct input into species distribution models. Multiple climatic variables and models are included in this file.cmip5_rcp8.5_2006-2100_all_tifs.zip