cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.413gc26
title: Data from: Greater than the sum of the parts: how the species composition in different forest strata influence ecosystem function

description: The mechanisms underpinning forest biodiversity-ecosystem function
 relationships remain unresolved. Yet, in heterogeneous forests, ecosystem
 function of different strata could be associated with traits or
 evolutionary relationships differently. Here, we integrate phylogenies and
 traits to evaluate the effects of elevational diversity on above-ground
 biomass across forest strata and spatial scales. Community-weighted means
 of height and leaf phosphorous concentration, and functional diversity in
 specific leaf area exhibited positive correlations with tree biomass,
 suggesting that both positive selection effects and complementarity occur.
 However, high shrub biomass is associated with greater dissimilarity in
 seed mass and multidimensional trait space, while species richness or
 phylogenetic diversity is the most important predictor for herbaceous
 biomass, indicating that species complementarity is especially important
 for understory function. The strength of diversity-biomass relationships
 increases at larger spatial scales. We conclude that strata- and scale-
 dependent assessments of community structure and function are needed to
 fully understand how biodiversity influences ecosystem function.
description: Phylogenetic
 treeBiomass_phylogenetic.nexustree functional traittreetrait.csvShrub traitshrubtrait.csvherb traitherbtrait.csvtree data at neighbourhood scaletree_matrix_neighbourhood.csvtree data at community scaletree matrix_community.csvShrubs data at neighbourhood scaleshrub_matrix_neighbourhood.csvShrubs data at community scaleshrub_matrix_community.csvHerbs data at neighbourhood scaleherb_matrix_neighbourhood.csvHerbs data at community scaleherb_matrix_community.csv
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m3xsby
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7848 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((9.87252 49.74261,10.00654 49.74261,10.00654 49.8239,9.87252 49.8239,9.87252 49.74261))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Plantae",
 "Year 2010-2020"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7848 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001773-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.662kb6m
title: Data from: Measuring sperm swimming performance in birds: effects of dilution, suspension medium, mechanical agitation, and sperm number

description: Sperm swimming performance, including swimming speed and the proportion of
 motile cells, may strongly affect fertilization success. However, little
 is known about how methodological factors affect in vitro measurement of
 these parameters. We compare the swimming performance of sperm from House
 Sparrows (Passer domesticus) and Spanish Sparrows (Passer hispaniolensis)
 in two standard suspension media, at two different dilutions, and with
 different degrees of cell agitation. Further, we conduct a resampling
 analysis to investigate sample size effects. Sperm performance was
 generally reduced when sperm were diluted, or when suspended in
 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) rather than a medium containing additional
 nutrients. Sperm performance was particularly low when they were diluted
 more and suspended in PBS, suggesting that seminal fluid may provide
 compounds that enhance performance but that these are less available
 following dilution. Mechanical agitation of the cells by vigorous
 pipetting increased the proportion of motile cells. Between-male
 repeatability, assessed on a single sample measured in multiple
 conditions, was moderate and significant, suggesting that similar results
 may be obtained regardless of the methodology used to assess sperm motion.
 We found no evidence of biased results when low numbers of cells per male
 were used in analysis, though precision increased substantially as sample
 size increased from five to 20 or more cells per male. We recommend using
 the same suspension media and similar sperm concentrations and levels of
 agitation, to the greatest degree possible, and including as many
 individuals as possible in analyses, even when some individuals are
 represented by few sperm cells.
description: Movement data on
 individual sperm cells from house and Spanish sparrowssee readme
 fileSparrow_VCL_methods.csvProportion of motile sperm cells from house and Spanish sparrowssee readme fileSparrow_PM_methods.csvR code used for analysis (simplified version)see readme file.DilutionExptsAnalysis_2019_dryad.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mj58cj6
title: Data from: Interspecific visitation of cattle and badgers to fomites: a transmission risk for bovine tuberculosis?

description: In Great Britain and Ireland, badgers (Meles meles) are a wildlife
 reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis and implicated in bovine tuberculosis
 transmission to domestic cattle. The route of disease transmission is
 unknown with direct, so‐called “nose‐to‐nose,” contact between hosts being
 extremely rare. Camera traps were deployed for 64,464 hr on 34 farms to
 quantify cattle and badger visitation rates in space and time at six farm
 locations. Badger presence never coincided with cattle presence at the
 same time, with badger and cattle detection at the same location but at
 different times being negatively correlated. Badgers were never recorded
 within farmyards during the present study. Badgers utilized cattle water
 troughs in fields, but detections were infrequent (equivalent to one
 badger observed drinking every 87 days). Cattle presence at
 badger‐associated locations, for example, setts and latrines, were three
 times more frequent than badger presence at cattle‐associated locations,
 for example, water troughs. Preventing cattle access to badger setts and
 latrines and restricting badger access to cattle water troughs may
 potentially reduce interspecific bTB transmission through reduced indirect
 contact.
description: Interspecific visitation
 of cattle and badgers to fomites. A transmission risk for bovine
 tuberculosisRaw data collected from
 field study using camera traps and quantifying species at different
 fomites on farm. These included building entrance, food store, water
 trough (field), badger sett, badger latrine and a badger run. The study
 occurred over 2 season in N. Ireland in 2016.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1bj133v
title: Data from: Interest in nonsocial novel stimuli as a function of age in rhesus monkeys

description: Human cognitive and affective life changes with healthy aging; cognitive
 capacity declines while emotional life becomes more positive and social
 relationships are prioritized. This may reflect an awareness of limited
 lifetime unique to humans, leading to a greater interest in maintaining
 social relationships at the expense of the nonsocial world in the face of
 limited cognitive and physical resources. Alternately, fundamental
 biological processes common to other primate species may direct
 preferential interest in social stimuli with increasing age. Inspired by a
 recent study that described sustained interest in social stimuli but
 diminished interest in nonsocial stimuli in aged Barbary macaques, we
 carried out a conceptual replication to test whether old rhesus monkeys
 lost interest in nonsocial stimuli. Male and female macaques (Macaca
 mulatta; N=243) 4-30 years old were tested with a food puzzle outfitted
 with an activity monitor to evaluate their propensity to manipulate the
 puzzle in order to free a food reward.
description: Activity
 dataActivity monitor data,
 in 15-second bins, from shaker manipulation in monkeys. Day = test day (1
 or 2), activity = counts from activity monitor, obs = observation
 (15-second bins), age = age of subject in years, subj_id = subject ID
 number (Figure 3 of paper)activity_data.csvVeggie dataData on food retrieved from shaker manipulation in monkeys. Day = test day (1 or 2), loss = mass of food lost from shaker during test interval (g), age = age of subject in years, subj_id = subject ID number (Figure 4 of paper)veggie_data.csvShaker data analysisR code for data analysesShaker data analysis revisedR code for data analyses, revised to include new analyses recommended by reviewer of Stage 2 submission
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q4qd540
title: Data from: Polybrominated diphenyl ether (DE-71) exposure skews phenotypic sex ratio, and alters steroid hormone levels and steroidogenic enzyme activities in juvenile Silurana tropicalis

description: The impact of the brominated flame-retardant mixture, DE-71, on gonadal
 steroidogenesis during sexual differentiation in Silurana tropicalis was
 examined. A partial lifecycle study exposing S. tropicalis to varying
 concentrations of DE-71 (0.0, 0.65, 1.3, 2.5, and 5.0 g/L [nominal]) was
 conducted from early gastrula stage embryo to 150 d post-metamorphosis
 (dpm). Exposure of S. tropicalis to DE-71 induced liver necrosis and
 induced abnormal ovary development characterized by previtellogenic oocyte
 necrosis and arrested development of vitellogenic oocytes in females in a
 concentration-dependent manner. Decreased mean plasma DHT and T, gonad T,
 and increased mean plasma E2 levels were found in 150 dpm DE-71-treated
 male S. tropicalis compared to controls. Plasma E2 levels in females were
 not significantly altered compared to control S. tropicalis, although
 lower plasma and gonad T were detected. Mean gonadal CYP 19 aromatase
 activity in both male and female S. tropicalis exposed to DE-71 was not
 appreciably affected. Decreased mean male 5α-reductase and CYP17
 activities in both male and females were observed compared to control
 frogs. Overall, these studies suggested that PBDE exposure induced liver
 necrosis and abnormal ovary development; and reduced circulating and
 gonadal androgens resulting in a phenotypic skew in sex ratio toward the
 female sex in S. tropicalis
description: 00162_Steroidogenesis
 Data_DE71Raw electronic
 dataPFOS-BDE dn
 TestosteroneGonadal testosterone
 electronic data file,
DOI: 10.5258/soton/wp00842
title: Estimates of 2015-2030 total number of people per grid square broken down by gender and age groupings at a resolution of 30 arc (approximately 1km at the equator) R2025A version v1.

description: Estimates of 2015-2030 total number of people per grid square broken down by gender and age groupings at a resolution of 30 arc (approximately 1km at the equator) R2025A version v1. Global Demographic Data Project - Funded by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-045237). WorldPop - School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.812p16c
title: Data from: Narrow entrance of short-tubed Aloe flowers facilitates pollen transfer on long sunbird bills

description: Trade-offs are considered a major factor in the evolution of ecological
 specialization, as organisms can rarely specialize on more than one niche.
 Here we ask whether flowers can be specialized for more than one
 pollinator group. We studied an outcrossing plant, Aloe kraussii
 (Asphodelaceae), whose floral morphology is intermediate between that of
 exclusively bird- and exclusively insect-pollinated aloes. Previous field
 experiments showed that bees effectively pollinate A. kraussii; while
 sunbirds are frequent visitors their effectiveness as pollinators was
 unknown, especially as their long bills prevent head feathers—the normal
 location of pollen transfer by birds—from touching A. kraussii's
 relatively short anthers and stigmas. We tested whether sunbirds can
 pollinate A. kraussii, and whether this might be facilitated by
 flowers' narrow corolla opening, which could increase pollen transfer
 via narrow sunbird bills. Aviary experiments showed that a Malachite
 sunbird's bill can successfully pick up and deposit A. kraussii
 pollen, so long-billed sunbirds can be effective pollinators despite the
 apparent mismatch between bill and corolla length. Flowers with
 experimentally widened corolla openings experienced lower pollen removal
 and deposition by sunbirds than unmanipulated flowers with narrow
 openings. Aloe kraussii's floral morphology therefore enables dual
 specialization on two divergent pollinator guilds; short corollas
 facilitate bee pollination by enabling access to nectar, while narrow
 corolla openings facilitate pollen transfer via sunbird bills.
description: Hargreaves etal 2019
 SAJB kraussii R for DryadR code for all analyses
 and creation of Figure 2. Full explanations of all column headings are
 given in the code.kraussii aviary flower
 widthsMeasurements of flower
 entrance width after each experimental trial (to ensure experimental
 widening lasted throughout the trial; Fig 2a). Additional information
 included about the number of anthers open (male plants) and stigma state
 (female plants) that was not used in analyses.kraussii aviary pollen
 in anthersPollen grains remaining
 in anthers of open flowers on male plants after each trial. Measured to
 assess pollen removal by the sunbird (Fig 2b)kraussii aviary pollen
 on stigmaPollen grains deposited
 by Malachite sunbird on stigmas of open flowers (female plants) after each
 trial (Fig 2c).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.c9n7ed
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 36515 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Taxon occurrence data for the FungalRoot database"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 36515 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001774-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kywzu9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 275 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Meijendel research 1953-1960"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 275 records were derived from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001753-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b3t253
title: Data from: Color polymorphism influences species’ range and extinction risk

description: Polymorphisms in a population are expected to increase growth rate and
 stability of the population, leading to the expansion of geographic
 distribution and mitigation of extinction risk of a species. However, the
 generality of such ecological consequences of color polymorphism remains
 uncertain. Here, via a comparative approach, we assessed whether color
 polymorphisms influence climatic niche breadth and extinction risk in some
 groups of damselflies, butterflies, and vertebrates. The climatic niche
 breadth was greater and extinction risk was lower in polymorphic species
 than in monomorphic species in all taxa analyzed. The results suggest that
 color polymorphism facilitates range expansion and species persistence.
description: DataData on damselflies,
 butterflies and vertebrates.data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ht8g28b
title: Data from: A fourteen-faced hexangulaconulariid from the early Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China

description: Extant medusozoans (phylum Cnidaria) are dominated by forms showing
 tetraradial symmetry, but stem-group medusozoans of early Cambrian age
 collectively exhibit tetra-, bi-, penta-, and hexa-radial symmetry.
 Moreover, the developmental and evolutionary relationships between
 four-fold and other types of radial symmetry in medusozoans remain poorly
 understood. Here we describe a new hexangulaconulariid, Septuconularia
 yanjiaheensis n. gen. n. sp., from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation
 (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hupei Province, China. The
 laterally compressed, biradially symmetrical periderm of this species
 possesses 14 gently tapered faces, the most of any hexangulaconulariid
 described thus far. The faces are bordered by longitudinal ridges and
 crossed by short, irregularly spaced transverse ribs. Longitudinally, the
 periderm consists of three regions that probably correspond, respectively,
 to an embryonic stage, a transient juvenile stage, and a long adult stage.
 Septuconularia yanjiaheensis n. gen. n. sp. may have been derived from
 six-faced Hexaconularia (Fortunian Stage), which is morphologically
 intermediate between Septuconularia yanjiaheensis n. gen. n. sp. and
 Arthrochites. Furthermore, conulariids sensu stricto, carinachitiids and
 hexangulaconulariids may constitute a monophyletic group united by
 possession of an organic or organo-phosphatic periderm exhibiting
 longitudinal (corner) sulci, a facial midline, and offset of transverse
 ribs along the facial midline.
description: Supplemental data Movie
 1Microtomographic
 reconstruction and rendering of the holotype specimen
 CUBar90-4Supplemental data Movie
 23D
 reconstructions of Septuconularia yanjiaheensis n. gen. n.
 sp.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.278nj37
title: Data from: The effect of promoting current local research activities on large monitors on the population’s interest in health-related research – a randomized controlled trial

description: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were threefold: to estimate
 people’s interest in health-related research, to understand to what extent
 people appreciate being actively informed about current local
 health-related research and to investigate whether their interest can be
 influenced by advertising local current health-related research using
 large TV monitors. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial using a stepped
 wedge design. SETTING: The emergency department waiting room at two public
 hospitals in northern Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Waiting
 patients and their accompanying friends and relatives in the emergency
 department waiting room not requiring immediate medical attention.
 INTERVENTIONS: A TV monitor advertising local current health-related
 research. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio for the effect of intervention
 on changing the interest in health-related research compared to a control
 group while adjusting for gender, age and socioeconomic standard. RESULTS:
 The intervention significantly increased the short-term interest in
 health-related research with an odds ratio of 1.3 (1.1-1.7, p=0.0063). We
 also noted that being female and being older was correlated to a higher
 interest in health-related research CONCLUSIONS: This study found that
 proactive information significantly increased the general populations’
 interest in health-related research. There are reasonable set up costs
 involved but the costs for maintaining the system were very low. Hence, it
 seems reasonable that research-active organizations should give much
 higher priority to this type of activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian
 New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with the registration number
 ACTRN12617001085369
description: 2017-12-18-BMJOPEN-2018-028714Data set for this study: "The effect of promoting current local research activities on large monitors on the population’s interest in health-related research – a randomized controlled trial"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.29p7ng2
title: Data from: Rapid cold hardening protects against sublethal freezing injury in an Antarctic insect

description: Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a type of beneficial phenotypic plasticity
 that occurs on extremely short time scales (minutes to hours) to enhance
 insects' ability to cope with cold snaps and diurnal temperature
 fluctuations. RCH has a well-established role in extending lower lethal
 limits, but its ability to prevent sublethal cold injury has received less
 attention. The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica is Antarctica's
 only endemic insect and has a well-studied RCH response that extends
 freeze tolerance in laboratory conditions. However, the discriminating
 temperatures used in previous studies of RCH are far below those ever
 experienced in the field. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RCH protects
 against nonlethal freezing injury. Larvae of B. antarctica were exposed to
 either control (2&[deg]C), direct freezing (-9&[deg]C for
 24 h), or RCH (-5&[deg]C for 2 h followed by -9&[deg]C for
 24 h). All larvae survived both freezing treatments, but RCH larvae
 recovered more quickly from freezing stress and had significantly higher
 metabolic rates during recovery. RCH larvae also sustained less damage to
 fat body and midgut tissue and had lower expression of two heat shock
 protein transcripts (hsp60 and hsp90), which is consistent with RCH
 protecting against protein denaturation. The protection afforded by RCH
 resulted in energy savings; directly frozen larvae experienced a
 significant depletion in glycogen energy stores that was not observed in
 RCH larvae. Together, these results provide strong evidence that RCH
 protects against a variety of sublethal freezing injuries and allows
 insects to rapidly fine-tune their performance in thermally variable
 environments.
description: Raw data for "Rapid
 cold hardening protects against sublethal freezing injury in an Antarctic
 insect"An excel spreadsheet of
 raw data used to generate the figures and analyses in our paper. Data are
 organized into tabs, with each tab containing the data for a single
 experiment.Teets et al JEB
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.88j4772
title: Data from: Natural selection drives leaf divergence in experimental populations of Senecio lautus under natural conditions

description: • Leaf morphology is highly variable both within and between plant
 species. This study employs a combination of common garden and reciprocal
 transplant experiments to determine whether leaf shape in Senecio lautus
 has evolved as an adaptive response to divergent natural selection. • We
 created a synthetic population of hybrid genotypes to segregate
 morphological variation between three ecotypes, and performed reciprocal
 transplants where this hybrid population was transplanted into the three
 adjacent native environments. We measured 9 leaf morphology traits across
 the experimental an natural populations at these sites . • We found
 significant divergence in multivariate leaf morphology toward the native
 character in each environment, suggesting environmental conditions at each
 site exert selective pressure that results in a phenotypic shift towards
 the local phenotype of the wild populations.• These associations suggest
 that differences in leaf morphology between S. lautus ecotypes has arisen
 as a result of divergent selection on leaf shape or associated traits that
 confer an adaptive advantage in each environment, which has led to the
 formation of morphologically distinct ecotypes.
description: field_allLeaf shape data for all individuals in natural populations and field transplant individuals in three environmentsghleafleaf shape data from common garden experiment.tp_layoutidentifying information for individual plants in field experimentdata_readmeread me file for data tablesRichardsetal_LeafDivergence_codeR code for analysis