DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqkg
title: Sex- and state-dependent covariation of risk-averse and escape behavior in a widespread lizard

description: Mounting evidence has shown that personality and behavioral syndromes have
 a substantial influence on interspecific interactions and individual
 fitness. However, the stability of covariation among multiple behavioral
 traits involved in antipredator responses has seldom been tested. Here, we
 investigate whether sex, gravidity, and parasite infestations influence
 the covariation between risk-aversion (hiding time within a refuge) and
 escape response (immobility, escape distance) using a viviparous lizard,
 Zootoca vivipara as a model system. Our results demonstrated a correlation
 between risk-averse and escape behavior at the among-individual level,
 but only in gravid females. We found no significant correlations
 in either males or neonates. A striking result was the loss of the
 association in post-parturition females. This suggests that the
 ‘risk-averse – escape’ syndrome is ephemeral and only emerges in response
 to constraints on locomotion driven by reproductive burden. Moreover,
 parasites have the potential to disassociate the correlations between
 risk-aversion and escape response in gravid females, yet the causal chain
 requires further examination. Overall, our findings provide evidence of
 differences in the association between behaviors within the life-time of
 an individual and indicate that individual states, sex and life stages can
 together influence the stability of behavioral syndromes.
description: #### Data from: sex- and state-dependence of the boldness-escape
 behavioral syndrome: animals flee readily and hide longer only when
 necessary The datasets included here will support the replication of all
 analyses presented in the above paper. This document describes dataset for
 both the boldness and escape response of common lizards (Zootoca vivipara)
 captured in Massif-Central, France. File name:
 Behavioral_syndrome_adult.xlsx Description: This data is for behavioral
 traits of boldness and escape response of adult male and female common
 lizards (Zootoca vivipara) in four populations in Massif-Central, France.
 The data included the individual characteristics of lizards (sex,
 snout-vent length, body weight etc.) and three and six traits for boldness
 and escape response, respectively (Note: 'NA' in any cells means
 the information is not available for that individual or trail). Variables
 (column names) and details: * POP = The population of lizards * BS_ID =
 The combined unique unique code of each individual juvenile lizard (POP +
 NUME + SEX) * NUME = The code of lizards * SEX = The sex of lizards * DATE
 = The date that the personality test was conducted * REPEAT = The
 repetition of behavioral test * IMMOBILITY = The number of attacks to
 initiate a lizard's escape * DISTANCE = The final escape distance *
 T-emerge = The latency time of head emerging from the refuge(s) * SVL =
 The SVL of each individual lizard (mm) * Body_weight = The SVL of each
 individual lizard (g) * presencemite = The presence of mites *
 presencetick = The presence of ticks * Corpulence = The body condition of
 lizards * PARTDAY = The parturition date of each female (only possible for
 females, males were assigned as 'NA' in this data) * size_burden
 = The size-corrected reproductive burden (only possible for females, males
 were assigned as 'NA' in this data) * corpulence_laid = The body
 condition of lizards (only possible for females, males were assigned as NA
 in this data) * COVDAY = The time difference between the day of
 personality test and parturition day (only possible for females, males
 were assigned as 'NA' in this data) File name:
 Behavioral_syndrome_females_post_laid.xlsx Description: This data is for
 behavioral traits of boldness and escape response of adult male and female
 common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) in four populations in Massif-Central,
 France. The data included the individual characteristics of lizards
 (snout-vent length, body weight etc.) and PCA axes for boldness and escape
 response, respectively (Note: 'NA' in any cells means the
 information is not available for that individual or trail). Variables
 (column names) and details * POP = The population of lizards * NUME = The
 code of lizards * BS_ID = The combined unique unique code of each
 individual juvenile lizard (POP + NUME + SEX) * SVL = The SVL of each
 individual lizard (mm) * IMMOBILITY = The number of attacks to initiate a
 lizard's escape * DISTANCE = The final escape distance * T-emerge =
 The latency time of head emerging from the refuge(s) * size_burden = The
 size-corrected reproductive burden * corpulence_laid = The time difference
 between the day of personality test and parturition day File name:
 Behavioral_syndrome_juvenile.xlsx Description: This data is for behavioral
 traits of boldness and escape response of neonates for common lizards
 (Zootoca vivipara) in Massif-Central, France. The data included the
 individual characteristics of neonates (sex, snout-vent length, body
 weight etc.) and three and six traits for boldness and escape response,
 respectively (Note: 'NA' in any cells means the information is
 not available for that individual or trail). Variables (column names) and
 details are as follows: * POP = The population of lizards * IDJUV = The
 combined unique unique code of each individual juvenile lizard (POP +
 NUM.OF.MOTHER + NUME.OF.JUVENILE) * NUM.OF.MOTHER = The code of mother
 lizards * NUME.OF.JUVENILE = The code of juveniles of each clutch
 (0,1,2,3...) * SVL_J = The snout-vent length of juvenile lizards (mm) *
 Body_weight_J = The body weight of juvenile lizards (g) * SEX = The sex of
 lizards * REPEAT = The repetition of behavioral test * IMMOBILITY = The
 number of attacks to initiate a lizard's escape * DISTANCE = The
 final escape distance * T-emerge = The latency time of head emerging from
 the refuge(s) * Juv_resid = The body condition of juvenile lizards File
 name: Personality_adult_boldness.xlsx Description: This data is for
 calculating personality of boldness of adult male and female common
 lizards (Zootoca vivipara) (Note: 'NA' in any cells means the
 information is not available for that individual or trail). Variables
 (column names) with details as follows: * NUME = The unique code of each
 individual lizard * POP = The population of lizards * SEX = The sex of
 each individual lizard * DATE = The date when the personality test was
 conducted * REPEAT = The repetition of the behavioral trail
 (first/second/...) * T-emerge = The latency time of head emerging from the
 refuge(s) File name: Personality_adult_escape_behavior.xlsx Description:
 This data is for calculating personality of escape response of adult male
 and female common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) (Note: 'NA' in any
 cells means the information is not available for that individual or
 trail). Variables (column names) with details are as follows: * POP = The
 population of lizards * ID = The combined code of each individual lizard
 (to avoid any duplicated code between pops) * NUME = The code of each
 individual lizard * SEX = The sex of each individual lizard * DATE = The
 date when the personality test was conducted * REPEAT = The repetition of
 the behavioral trail (first/second/...) * IMMOBILITY = The number of
 attacks to initiate a lizard's escape * DISTANCE = The final escape
 distance File name: Personality_juvenile_boldness.xlsx Description: This
 data is for calculating personality of boldness of male and female neonate
 lizards (Zootoca vivipara) (Note: 'NA' in any cells means the
 information is not available for that individual or trail). Variables
 (column names) with details: * IDJUV = The unique code of each juvenile
 lizard (POP + NUM.MON + CODE) * POP = The population of lizards * CODE =
 The code of juvenile of each clutch (0,1,2,3,4...) * NUM.MOM = The code of
 the mother lizard * REPEAT = The repetition of the behavioral trail
 (first/second/...) * SEXE = The sex of each individual lizard * T-emerge =
 The latency time of head emerging from the refuge(s) File name:
 Personality_juvenile_escape_behavior.xlsx Description: This data is for
 calculating personality of escape response of adult male and female common
 lizards (Zootoca vivipara) (Note: 'NA' in any cells means the
 information is not available for that individual or trail). Variables
 (column names) with Details: * POP = The population of lizards * ID = The
 combined unique code of each individual juvenile lizard (POP +
 NUM.OF.MOTHER + NUM.OF.JUVENILE) * NUM.OF.MOTHER = The code of mother for
 each juvenile * NUME.OF.JUVENILE = The code of juvenile of each clutch
 (0,1,2,3...) * SEX = The sex of each individual lizard * REPEAT = The
 repetition of the behavioral trail (first/second/...) * IMMOBILITY = The
 number of attacks to initiate a lizard's escape * DISTANCE = The
 final escape distance