cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5b2
title: The Life Aquatic with Spiders (Araneae): Repeated Evolution of Aquatic Habitat Association in Dictynidae and Allied Taxa

description: Despite the terrestriality of spiders, species across a diverse array of
 families are associated with aquatic habitats. Many species in the spider
 family Dictynidae are associated with water, either living near it, or in
 the case of Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757), in it. Previous studies
 have indicated that this association arose once within the family. Here we
 test the hypothesis of a single origin via the broadest phylogeny of
 dictynids and related “marronoids” to date using several taxa that were
 not previously sampled in molecular analyses to provide the first
 quantitative test of the hypothesis put forth by Wheeler et al. (2016). We
 sampled 281 terminal taxa from 14 families, assembling a matrix with 4380
 total basepairs of data from most taxa. We also assembled an atlas of
 morphological traits with potential significance for both ecology and
 taxonomy. Our resulting trees indicate that an aquatic habitat association
 has arisen multiple times within dictynids. Dictynidae and the genus
 Dictyna Sundevall, 1833 are polyphyletic, and the genera Lathys Simon 1884
 and Cicurina Menge, 1871 remain unplaced. A review of aquatic habitat
 associations in spiders indicates that it occurs in members of at least 21
 families. With our morphological atlas, we explore characters that have
 been implicated in aiding an aquatic lifestyle which in the past may have
 caused confusion regarding taxon placement. Our results indicate that not
 all spiders with traits thought to be useful for aquatic habitat
 associations occupy such habitats, and that some spider taxa lacking these
 traits are nonetheless associated with water.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxpq1
title: Long-term evapotranspiration rates for rainfed corn vs. perennial bioenergy crops in a mesic landscape

description: Hydrologic implications of the conversion of agricultural or conservation
 lands for annual vs. perennial bioenergy crop production are scarce. We
 converted three 22 year-old Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands
 and three 50+ year-old conventionally tilled corn-soybean rotation
 agricultural (AGR) lands to no-till corn, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum
 L.) or restored prairie. A seventh site was maintained in the preexisting
 CRP grassland dominated by smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis L.). We
 measured evapotranspiration (ET) using the eddy covariance method on all
 fields for over more than nine years (2009-2018). The ET data are
 presented for annual, growing season, and non-growing seasons. The
 difference in ET between corn and perennial crops is also presented for
 all seasons. In addition, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP)
 during peak growing season is presented.
description: Water vapor concentrations (LI-7500 IRGA, LI-COR Biosciences,
 Lincoln, NE, USA) and wind velocity (CSAT3 three-dimensional sonic
 anemometer, Campbell Scientific Inc. Logan, UT, USA) were sampled at 10 Hz
 frequency using open-path eddy covariance (EC) method in southwest
 Michigan at seven agricultural fields over 10 years (2009–2018). The data
 were analyzed using EdiRe software (University of Edinburgh, v 1.5.0.32,
 2012) to compute half-hourly evapotranspiration (ET) from all fields.
 Missing or poor quality data were replaced using a standardized
 gap-filling algorithm. The study was conducted at the Kellogg Biological
 Station (KBS) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) Scale-up
 fields.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h18931zfw
title: Resource fluctuations inhibit the reproduction and virulence of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in its snail intermediate host

description: Resource availability can powerfully influence host-parasite interactions.
 However, we currently lack a mechanistic framework to predict how resource
 fluctuations alter individual infection dynamics. We address this gap with
 experiments manipulating resource supply and starvation for a human
 parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host to test a
 hypothesis derived from mechanistic energy budget theory: resource
 fluctuations should reduce schistosome reproduction and virulence by
 inhibiting parasite ingestion of host biomass. Low resource supply caused
 hosts to remain small, reproduce less, and produce fewer human-infectious
 cercariae. Periodic starvation also inhibited cercarial production and
 prevented infection-induced castration. The periodic starvation experiment
 also revealed substantial differences in fit between two bioenergetic
 model variants, which differ in their representation of host starvation.
 Simulations using the best fit parameters of the winning model suggest
 that schistosome performance substantially declines with resource
 fluctuations with periods &gt;7 days. These experiments strengthen
 mechanistic theory that can be readily scaled up to the population level
 to understand key feedbacks between resources, host population dynamics,
 parasitism, and control interventions. Integrating resources with other
 environmental drivers of disease in an explicit bioenergetic framework
 could ultimately yield mechanistic predictions for many disease systems.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x3fnj6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 939 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Canada",
 "EstablishmentMeans is native",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "StateProvince is Alberta",
 "TaxonKey is Plantae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 939 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002009-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f7m0cfxrd
title: Attractive males are cautious and better learners in the sailfin tetra

description: A major component of Darwin's formulation of sexual selection theory
 is whether mate choice can contribute to the evolution of cognitive
 abilities. Although a correlation between cognition and attractive traits
 has commonly been reported, the processes that generate such associations
 remain elusive. Here, we investigated female preference, neophobia and
 spatial learning in the sailfin tetra, Crenuchus spilurus, a
 sexually dimorphic fish. Females chose the most ornamented males, which
 were also more neophobic. This is in line with the asset protection
 principle, which posits that attractive males should be more cautious
 because of their higher prospective fitness returns. After repeated
 exposure, more ornamented males learnt to navigate the complex maze
 faster, with chosen (and highest ornamented) males showing higher accuracy
 to solve the maze on the last day of trials. Because the asset protection
 principle stems from predation pressure, we propose that sexual selection
 through female mate choice creates a risk–reward trade-off, upon which
 natural selection acts by indirectly increasing learning abilities. As
 such, sexual selection forms the substrate, but natural selection drives
 enhanced cognitive abilities in
 attractive C. spilurus males.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.njjh33
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1265 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is North America",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "StateProvince is one of (Baja California, Baja California Sur)",
 "TaxonKey is Nolina"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1265 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002011-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.688px3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2186 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is North America",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "StateProvince is one of (Baja California, Baja California Sur)",
 "TaxonKey is Yucca"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2186 records from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002010-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbjc
title: Data from: Social selection acts on behavior and body mass but does not contribute to the total selection differential in Eastern chipmunks

description: Through social interactions, phenotypes of conspecifics can affect an
 individual’s fitness, resulting in social selection. Social selection is
 assumed to represent a strong and dynamic evolutionary force that can act
 with or in opposition to natural selection. Few studies, however, have
 estimated social selection and its contribution to total selection in the
 wild. We estimated natural and social selection gradients on exploration,
 docility, and body mass, and their contribution to selection
 differentials, in a wild Eastern chipmunk population (Tamias striatus). We
 applied trait-based multiple regression models derived from classical
 phenotypic selection analyses, which allowed us to include several social
 partners (i.e., neighbors). We detected social selection gradients on
 female docility and male body mass, indicating that female with docile
 neighbors and males with large neighbors had lower fitness. In both sexes,
 social selection gradients varied with the season. However, we found no
 phenotypic assortment or disassortment for the studied traits. Social
 selection gradients, therefore, did not contribute to total selection
 differentials, and natural selection alone could drive phenotypic changes.
 Evaluating the factors that drive the evolution of the covariance between
 interacting phenotypes is necessary to understand the role of social
 selection as an evolutionary force.
description: See methods section in paper.
description: See associated readme file for dataset description.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhj6
title: Objective measurement in routine care of people with Parkinson’s disease improves outcomes

description: It is common in medicine to titrate therapy according to target ranges of
 objectively measured parameters. Objective measurement of motor
 function is available for Parkinson’s Disease (PD), making it possible to
 optimise therapy and clinical outcomes. In this study, an
 accelerometry-based measurement and predefined target ranges were used to
 assess motor function in a Northern Tasmania PD cohort managed by a
 Movement Disorder clinic. Approximately 40% (n=103) of the total
 PD population participated in this study and motor scores were within
 target in 22%. In the 78% above target, changes in oral therapy
 were recommended in 74%, Advanced Therapy in 12% and treatment was
 contraindicated in 9%. Following changes in oral therapy, there
 was a further objective measurement and clinical consultation to establish
 whether scores had reached target range: if so subjects left the study,
 otherwise further changes of therapy were recommended (unless
 contraindications were present). Seventy-seven cases completed
 the study, with 48% achieving target (including 22% at outset), Advanced
 Therapy recommended in 19% and contraindications preventing any change in
 therapy in 17%.  In the 43% of cases in whom oral therapy was
 changed, total UPDRS improved significantly (effect size =8) as did the
 PDQ39 in cases reaching target. NMS Quest and MOCA scores also
 improved significantly. This study shows that many people in a
 representative cohort of PD would benefit from objective assessment and
 treatment of their PD features against a target.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.79cnp5hrb
title: Data from: Transmural impedance detects graded changes of inflammation in experimental colitis

description: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease in which the mucosa of the colon
 or rectum becomes inflamed. An objective biomarker of inflammation will
 provide quantitative measures to support qualitative assessment during an
 endoscopic examination. Previous studies show that transmural electrical
 impedance is a quantifiable biomarker of inflammation. Here we hypothesise
 that impedance detects spatially restricted areas of inflammation, thereby
 allowing the distinction between regions that differ in their severity of
 inflammation. A platinum ball electrode (3.2 mm² surface area) was placed
 into normal or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) inflamed colonic
 regions of rats and impedance measurements obtained by passing current
 between the intraluminal and a large subcutaneous return electrode.
 Histology of the colon was correlated with impedance measurements. The
 impedance of normal tissue was 1.6-1.8 kOhms. Following TNBS injection,
 impedance significantly decreased within the inflammatory penumbra (P
 &lt; 0.05), and decreased more in the inflammatory epicentre (P =
 0.02). Histological damage correlated with impedance values (P &lt;
 0.05). Thus, impedance values of 1.6-1.8 kOhms, 1.3-1.4 kOhms and 1.0 –
 1.1 kOhms were predictors of normal, mildly inflamed and moderately
 inflamed tissue, respectively. In conclusion, transmural impedance is a
 real-time, in vivo biomarker of mucosal integrity, and distinguishes
 between severities of intestinal inflammation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdgb
title: Data from: Inorganic N addition replaces N supplied to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide many benefits in agroecosystems
 including improved soil tilth, carbon sequestration, and water and
 nutrient transfer to plants. AMF are known to affect plant nitrogen (N)
 dynamics and transfer N to plants, but there have been few studies
 addressing whether the amount of N transferred to plants by AMF is
 agronomically relevant. We used δ15N natural abundance methods and δ15N
 mass balance equations to estimate the amount of plant N derived from AMF
 transfer in perennial grasses managed for bioenergy production under
 different N addition treatments (0, 56 and 196 kg N ha-1). Differentiation
 of δ15N among plant, soil N, and AMF pools was higher than anticipated
 leading to calculations of 34 to 55% of plant N transferred by AMF in the
 treatments receiving no N addition to 6 to 22% of plant N transferred to
 plants in high-N addition treatments. AMF extra-radical hyphae biomass was
 significantly reduced in the high-N (196 kg N ha-1) addition treatments,
 which was negatively correlated to enriched plant δ15N. Our results
 suggest that N addition decreases AMF N transfer to plants. When N was
 limiting to plant growth, AMF supplied agronomically significant amounts
 of plant N, and a higher proportion of overall plant N. Because
 differentiation between N pools was greater than expected, stable isotope
 measurements can be used to estimate N transfer to AMF plant hosts.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bzkh1894p
title: Daily Tourist Volume

description: It is the daily tourist volume of Jiuzhai Valley National park, China
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd53q
title: Community composition and photosynthetic physiology of phytoplankton in the western subarctic Pacific near the Kuril Islands with special reference to iron availability

description: The western subarctic Pacific (WSP) is known as one of the most productive
 regions among the world’s oceans in spring. However, its oceanic waters
 are also known as a High Nutrient, Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) region during
 summer due to low iron (Fe) availability in seawater. Indeed, recent
 studies have demonstrated that the distribution of Fe in the WSP is
 complex and heterogeneous. This study thus investigated the effects of Fe
 availability on the community composition and photophysiology of surface
 phytoplankton from coastal to offshore waters in the WSP in the summer of
 2014. Although relatively high concentrations (&gt;2 mg m–3) of
 chlorophyll (chl) a were found in the Sea of Okhotsk and some coastal
 waters, low chl a concentrations (&lt;1 mg m–3) were commonly
 observed. Based on dissolved Fe and macronutrient concentrations, we
 deduced that low Fe availability limited phytoplankton growth in offshore
 waters, whereas low silicate and/or nitrate levels limited growth in the
 shelf areas. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed that the centric
 diatom Chaetoceros exclusively dominated the diatom assemblages in the
 shelf and coexisted with pennate diatoms in offshore waters, respectively.
 Primary productivity in surface waters was negatively correlated with the
 bottom of the euphotic layer or the light saturation index of the
 photosynthesis–irradiance curve, which indicates that the phytoplankton
 assemblages were well acclimated to in situ light conditions regardless of
 the water masses.
description: This data was collected from surface waters in the western
 subarctic Pacific near the Kuril Islands and the eastern Kamchatka
 Peninsula.<br> The dataset includes (1)geographical information,
 (2)physicochemical properties of surface seawater, (3)light conditions at
 the surface and (4) community composition of surface phytoplankton
 identified using a scanning electron microscopy . 
description: The first speadsheet includes dissolved iron concentrations in
 surface waters (~5m). The dissolved iron data is cited from Nishioka et
 al. (submitted).<br> Please cite and refer to Nishioka et al.
 (submitted) if you would use the dissolved iron data in this
 study.<br> We will update the status of Nishoka et al. (submitted)
 if there is any progress (e.g., DOI).
DOI: 10.6075/j0p55kvh
title: Metabolic theory of ecology successfully predicts distinct scaling of ectoparasite load on hosts

description: The impacts of parasites on hosts and the role that parasites play in
 ecosystems must be underlain by the load of parasites in individual hosts.
 To help explain and predict parasite load across broad swaths of species,
 quantitative theory has been developed based on fundamental relationships
 between organism size, temperature, and metabolic rate. Here, we elaborate
 on an aspect of that “scaling theory for parasitism”, and test a
 previously unexplored prediction, using new data for total ectoparasite
 load from 263 wild birds of 42 species. We reveal that, despite the
 expected substantial variation in parasite load among individual hosts,
 (1) the theory successfully predicts the distinct increase of ectoparasite
 load with host body size, indicating the importance of geometric scaling
 constraints on access to host resources, (2) that ectoparasite load
 appears ultimately limited by access —not to host space—but to host
 energy, and (3) the existence of a currency-dependent shift in taxonomic
 dominance of parasite load on larger birds. Hence, these results reveal a
 seemingly new macroecological pattern, underscore the utility of energy
 flux as a currency for parasitism, and highlight the promise of using
 scaling theory to provide baseline expectations for parasite load for a
 diversity of host species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95x8k
title: Genome Data Uncover Conservation Status, Historical Relatedness and Candidate Genes under Selection in Chinese Indigenous Pigs in the Taihu Lake Region

description: Chinese indigenous pig breeds in the Taihu Lake region (TH)
 of Eastern China are well-recognized for their
 exceptional prolificacy. These breeds
 including Meishan (MS), Erhualian (EHL),
 Jiaxing Black (JXB), Fengjing (FJ),
 Shawutou (SWT), Mi (MI) and Hongdenglong (HDL).
 At present, these breeds are facing a great threaten of population
 decline, lineage admixture and inbreeding depression since Western
 commercial pigs have dominated Chinese pig industry. To provide better
 conservation schemes and identify candidate genes under selection
 for these breeds, we explored genome-wide SNP markers to unravel genetic
 variability and relatedness, population structure, historical admixture
 and genomic signatures of selection of 440 pigs representing the most
 comprehensive lineages of these breeds in TH in a context of 1228 pig from
 45 Eurasian breeds. We showed that these breeds
 were more closely related among each other as compared to other
 Eurasian breeds, defining one of the main ancestral lineages of Chinese
 indigenous pigs. These breeds can be divided into two regional
 subgroups, one including JXB and FJ pigs, and the other comprising EHL,
 MI, HDL, MS and SWT pigs. In additional, HDL pigs were highly
 inbred, whereas EHL and MS pigs had more abundant genetic
 diversity. This is attributable to multiple conservation
 populations of the two breeds. Moreover, we identified a list of
 candidate genes for body size and prolificacy at the
 loci putatively under selection. our results would benefit the
 sustainable conservation of these valuable breeds and improve our
 understanding of the genetic mechanisms of body size and fecundity in
 pigs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rr4xgxd55
title: Comparing raccoon MHC diversity in native and introduced ranges: evidence for the importance of functional immune diversity for adaptation and survival in novel environments.

description: The adaptive potential of invasive species is related to the genetic
 diversity of the invader, which is influenced by genetic drift and natural
 selection. Typically, the genetic diversity of invaders is studied with
 neutral genetic markers, however, the expectation of reduced diversity has
 not been consistently supported by empirical studies. Here, we describe
 and interpret genetic diversity at both neutral microsatellite loci and
 the immune related MHC-DRB locus of native and invasive populations of
 raccoon to better understand of how drift and selection impact patterns of
 genetic diversity during the invasion process. We found that despite the
 loss of many MHC alleles in comparison with native populations, functional
 MHC supertypes are preserved in the invasive region. In the native raccoon
 population the number of supertypes within individuals was higher than
 expected under a neutral model. The high level of individual functional
 divergence may facilitate the adaptation to local conditions in the
 invasive range. These results suggest that selection is driving divergent
 allele combinations despite drift causing allelic loss. In the invasive
 populations, we also detected increased population structure at
 microsatellites compared to the MHC locus, further suggesting that
 balancing selection is acting on adaptively important regions of the
 raccoon genome. Finally, we found that alleles known to exhibit resistance
 to rabies in the native range, Prlo-DRB*4, Prlo-DRB*16 and Prlo-DRB*102,
 were the most common alleles in the European populations, suggesting
 directional selection is acting on this locus. Our research shows
 empirical support for the importance of functional immune diversity for
 adaptation and survival in novel environments.
description: MHC-DRB exon 2 genotypes obtained by amplicon sequencing using
 Illumina MiSeq.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmjn
title: Labels strengthen motor learning of new tools

description: These scripts and datasets correspond to the behavioural data of the study
 "Labels strengthen motor learning of new tools". Participants
 learnt how to manipulate novel tools either associated with a name (ie. a
 label). Results show that adding a label to a novel tool reinforces the
 learning of the tool use throughout practice (SuccessTask script).
 Moreover, the label influence the participants' ability to move or
 use the tool (ReactionTimes script).