cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bhn6wu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2446 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-81.10164 23.46683,-65.46448 19.76474,-63.768 29.59964,-65.02192 39.02245,-76.08595 39.2513,-77.11859 38.27358,-76.67603 36.21875,-78.15124 34.59565,-80.4378 33.49558,-82.50309 31.63078,-82.06053 29.21411,-81.24917 26.34315,-81.10164 23.46683))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Elasmobranchii",
 "Year 2007-2022"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2446 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0420788-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111122483
title: Votive, cone, UT 1599-25

description: [Text Description:] Votive, cone-shaped temple offering. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-25 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Nisin ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Cuneiform, Non-Alphabetic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay cone, pink-orange color, fairly uniform. Larger of two cones. LABEL: "1599" in black ink, "25" in red ink. 10.5cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] C.J. Gadd, Early Dynasties of Sumer and Akkad (London, 1921), plate 3.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111314402
title: Hebrews Papyrus, PAP.000378

description: [Text Description:] Fragment with Text of Hebrews ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PAP.000378 ❧ [Medium:] Papyrus ❧ [Script Note:] Greek ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Papyrus Fragment ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Papyrus, ink
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6kqm3n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 14715 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus, 1766)",
 "Year 2011-2018"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 14715 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0177532-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111314423
title: Hebrews Papyrus, PAP.000378

description: [Text Description:] Fragment with Text of Hebrews ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PAP.000378 ❧ [Medium:] Papyrus ❧ [Script Note:] Greek ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Papyrus Fragment ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Papyrus, ink
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111314424
title: Hebrews Papyrus, PAP.000378

description: [Text Description:] Fragment with Text of Hebrews ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PAP.000378 ❧ [Medium:] Papyrus ❧ [Script Note:] Greek ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Papyrus Fragment ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Papyrus, ink
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5r35ea
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 20931 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen"
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Agapostemon virescens (Fabricius, 1775)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 20931 records from 63 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0205426-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111119472
title: Bulla in the form of a tag, UT 1599-21

description: [Text Description:] Bulla in the form of a tag, formed about a cord, which bound merchandise or a roll of parchment. Sealed and with traces of a cord. Seal impression of Darius, the Persian king of Babylon: two stags and a centaur. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-21 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Near Babylon ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay bulla (bead-shaped ring), light pink-orange color. Smaller of two bullae, impressed with two stamp seals. 2cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] S.T. Kang, Sumerian economic texts from the Drehem archive, 1972
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7k5awp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8534881 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-81.89242 26.57597,-81.83917 26.25518,-81.73752 26.03357,-81.60199 25.94655,-81.41805 25.8856,-81.31156 25.72872,-81.20022 25.5367,-81.09373 25.37498,-80.92431 25.21743,-80.73553 25.16049,-80.51771 25.23933,-80.32893 25.33999,-80.33377 25.59346,-80.12079 25.94655,-80.04818 26.65387,-80.75006 26.7101,-81.89242 26.57597))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year 1990-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8534881 records from 340 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0062445-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8rnyxk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 19961 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen"
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 19961 records from 188 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0205427-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111119473
title: Bulla in the form of a tag, UT 1599-21

description: [Text Description:] Bulla in the form of a tag, formed about a cord, which bound merchandise or a roll of parchment. Sealed and with traces of a cord. Seal impression of Darius, the Persian king of Babylon: two stags and a centaur. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-21 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Near Babylon ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay bulla (bead-shaped ring), light pink-orange color. Smaller of two bullae, impressed with two stamp seals. 2cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] S.T. Kang, Sumerian economic texts from the Drehem archive, 1972
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111356608
title: Inscription on label, KTU 6.19

description: [Text Description:] Ugaritic Tablet KTU 6.19 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] KTU 6.19; KTU2 6.19; KTU3 6.19; CTU 6.19; CAT 6.19; RS 15.080; DO 3953 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during excavations at Ras Shamra. ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Alphabetic Cuneiform
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5crmf8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 964 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833), Dolichopoda linderii (Dufour, 1861), Rhacocleis annulata Fieber, 1853)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-9.36035 44.71551,-10.59082 42.81152,-11.82129 36.80928,-7.69043 36.17336,-3.38379 35.88905,3.12012 38.13456,9.18457 38.20366,11.7334 37.16032,12.78809 34.74161,17.09473 33.79741, 23.15918 34.23451,30.10254 32.62087,33.2666 32.99024,35.72754 35.03,33.00293 35.53223,28.69629 35.17381,28.34473 36.31513,25.7959 37.50973,24.91699 39.90974,28.78418 40.6473,30.71777 41.17865,36.87012 45.213,38.18848 46.98025,38.71582 47.7541,39.94629 47.93107,40.20996 49.61071,37.0459 50.34546,35.72754 50.40152,33.79395 52.26816,31.68457 51.94426,31.4209 53.27835,32.56348 53.43572,30.98145 54.77535,30.89355 55.52863,28.43262 56.02295,27.20215 57.65716,27.37793 58.30949,27.90527 59.17593,29.66309 59.88894,27.6416 60.58697,31.50879 62.75473,28.78418 69.83962,30.89355 70.28912,29.22363 71.55274,21.75293 71.30079,14.28223 70.14036,11.38184 67.47492,4.87793 63.66576,-5.53711 71.52491,-10.63477 71.69129,-21.5332 67.74276,-28.56445 65.36684,-24.3457 61.35461,-9.36035 44.71551))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2021"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 964 records from 39 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0167835-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111356640
title: Inscription on label, KTU 6.19

description: [Text Description:] Ugaritic Tablet KTU 6.19 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] KTU 6.19; KTU2 6.19; KTU3 6.19; CTU 6.19; CAT 6.19; RS 15.080; DO 3953 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during excavations at Ras Shamra. ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Alphabetic Cuneiform
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4r575t
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 190182 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Opuntia Mill."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 190182 records from 677 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0202004-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111289816
title: Gibeon Jar Handle 12, Gibeon Jar Handle 12

description: [Text Description:] …yhw ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Gibeon Jar Handle 12; AHI 22.012 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found at el-Jib (Gibeon) in excavations led by J. B. Pritchard in 1956-57 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Hebrew ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Jar handle, 4.6-5 cm; grayish buff ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Letters incised with a blunt instrument ❧
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111289913
title: Gibeon Jar Handle 16, Gibeon Jar Handle 16

description: [Text Description:] gb'n.gdr.'mryhw ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Gibeon Jar Handle 16; AHI 22.016 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found at el-Jib (Gibeon) in excavations led by J. B. Pritchard in 1956-57 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Hebrew ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Jar handle, 5.3-5.8 cm; pinkish buff ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Incisions lightly scratched, except for vertical strokes of the gimel, aleph, resh and waw, which are long and heavily cut; end of inscription badly crowded. ❧
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j2c9ua
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 11 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "or" : [
 "TaxonKey is Austrocylindropuntia vestita",
 "TaxonKey is Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. intermedia Backeb.",
 "TaxonKey is Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. chuquisacana (Cárdenas) Backeb.",
 "TaxonKey is Austrocylindropuntia vestita (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.",
 "TaxonKey is Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. maior Backeb.",
 "TaxonKey is Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 11 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0202002-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111289926
title: Gibeon Jar Handle 17, Gibeon Jar Handle 17

description: [Text Description:] gb'n.gdr.'mryhw ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Gibeon Jar Handle 17; AHI 22.017 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found at el-Jib (Gibeon) in excavations led by J. B. Pritchard in 1956-57 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Hebrew ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Jar handle, 6.5-6.6 cm; gray. Surface of handle uneven and rough. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Letters lightly inscribed with sharp instrument; unexplained diagonal line between word divider and aleph; second resh very small ❧
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8rrat3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 27652 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894)",
 "Year 2015-2021"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 27652 records from 45 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0167842-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111119391
title: Bulla in the form of a tag, UT 1599-21

description: [Text Description:] Bulla in the form of a tag, formed about a cord, which bound merchandise or a roll of parchment. Sealed and with traces of a cord. Seal impression of Darius, the Persian king of Babylon: two stags and a centaur. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-21 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Near Babylon ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay bulla (bead-shaped ring), light pink-orange color. Smaller of two bullae, impressed with two stamp seals. 2cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] S.T. Kang, Sumerian economic texts from the Drehem archive, 1972
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mpv3zx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 174 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith, 1797"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 174 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0172525-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111119475
title: Bulla in the form of a tag, UT 1599-21

description: [Text Description:] Bulla in the form of a tag, formed about a cord, which bound merchandise or a roll of parchment. Sealed and with traces of a cord. Seal impression of Darius, the Persian king of Babylon: two stags and a centaur. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-21 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Near Babylon ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay bulla (bead-shaped ring), light pink-orange color. Smaller of two bullae, impressed with two stamp seals. 2cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] S.T. Kang, Sumerian economic texts from the Drehem archive, 1972
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n3vmn8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8410 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "Year 2011-2018"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8410 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0177534-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111119441
title: Bulla in the form of a tag, UT 1599-21

description: [Text Description:] Bulla in the form of a tag, formed about a cord, which bound merchandise or a roll of parchment. Sealed and with traces of a cord. Seal impression of Darius, the Persian king of Babylon: two stags and a centaur. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-21 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Near Babylon ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay bulla (bead-shaped ring), light pink-orange color. Smaller of two bullae, impressed with two stamp seals. 2cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] S.T. Kang, Sumerian economic texts from the Drehem archive, 1972
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc111119442
title: Bulla in the form of a tag, UT 1599-21

description: [Text Description:] Bulla in the form of a tag, formed about a cord, which bound merchandise or a roll of parchment. Sealed and with traces of a cord. Seal impression of Darius, the Persian king of Babylon: two stags and a centaur. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] UT 1599-21 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Near Babylon ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay bulla (bead-shaped ring), light pink-orange color. Smaller of two bullae, impressed with two stamp seals. 2cm. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] S.T. Kang, Sumerian economic texts from the Drehem archive, 1972
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7h66yj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6660 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 "TaxonKey is Vespa crabro Linnaeus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6660 records from 116 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0205431-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20738.20251217.10
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20739.20230509.8.1
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0088221.10fu
title: SH0088221.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20739.20251217.10
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20740.20230509.8.1
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0088222.10fu
title: SH0088222.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20740.20251217.10
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0088223.10fu
title: SH0088223.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20741.20230509.8.1
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20741.20251217.10
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0088224.10fu
title: SH0088224.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20742.20230509.8.1
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.
DOI: 10.13145/bacdive20742.20251217.10
title: Nannocystis exedens

description: The range of data encompasses taxonomy, morphology, physiology, sampling and concomitant environmental conditions as well as molecular biology.