cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103027.v1
title: A study of the behaviour of medical students towards alcoholic patients as a result of their knowledge and self drinking patterns

description: ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the attitude toward the alcoholic patient and the knowledge about the use of alcohol by the medical student according to his drinking pattern. Method It was a cross-sectional study involving at random selected students enrolled on the third, sixth and eleventh semester in three federal universities of southeastern Brazil (UFF, UFJF and Unifesp). Method Sociodemographic data were collected and the following instruments were applied: attitude evaluation scale, knowledge of scientific information scale on alcohol and management of the alcoholic patient and Audit for evaluation of alcohol problems. Results The study included 371 students. Alcohol users in the binge pattern accounted for 60.4% (n = 223) and 113 students (30.7%) presented a risk behavior for alcohol consumption (Audit ≥ 8). The alcohol consumption pattern did not differ between the universities nor between the evaluated periods (Kruskal Wallis, p &gt; 0.05). Students from the three universities increased the score on the knowledge scale as the course progressed. However, there was no significant correlation between knowledge and drinking pattern (Spearman &gt; 0.05). As for the attitude, it was observed that it is already satisfactory in the third period and improvement in the sixth period. Exception was observed among the students of Unifesp, who already presented near positive attitude in the third period that was maintained until the end of the course. Conclusion Although the university increases knowledge of risk problems of drinking this does not protect students of binge drinking. On the other hand, student’s positive attitude towards alcoholic patients improves over the course, regardless of drinking and the acquired scientific knowledge.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103018
title: Tumarkin-like phenomenon as a sign of therapeutic success in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To describe an unusual patient reaction to maneuvers used in the treatment of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) that we termed the “Tumarkin-like phenomenon”. Methods: At a private practice, 221 outpatients were diagnosed and treated for PC-BPPV. The treatment consisted of performing the Epley or Semont maneuvers. At the end of these maneuvers, when assuming the sitting position, the patients’ reactions were recorded. Results: Thirty-three patients showed a Tumarkin-like phenomenon described by a self-reported sensation of suddenly being thrown to the ground. In the follow-up, this group of patients remained without PC-BPPV symptoms up to at least 72 hours after the maneuvers. Conclusion: The occurrence of a Tumarkin-like phenomenon at the end of Epley and Semont maneuvers for PC-BPPV may be linked with treatment success.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103018.v1
title: Tumarkin-like phenomenon as a sign of therapeutic success in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To describe an unusual patient reaction to maneuvers used in the treatment of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) that we termed the “Tumarkin-like phenomenon”. Methods: At a private practice, 221 outpatients were diagnosed and treated for PC-BPPV. The treatment consisted of performing the Epley or Semont maneuvers. At the end of these maneuvers, when assuming the sitting position, the patients’ reactions were recorded. Results: Thirty-three patients showed a Tumarkin-like phenomenon described by a self-reported sensation of suddenly being thrown to the ground. In the follow-up, this group of patients remained without PC-BPPV symptoms up to at least 72 hours after the maneuvers. Conclusion: The occurrence of a Tumarkin-like phenomenon at the end of Epley and Semont maneuvers for PC-BPPV may be linked with treatment success.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103015
title: Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Brazilian Academy of Neurology and Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis

description: ABSTRACT The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, experts from the Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Neuroimmunology Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology have convened to establish this Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of MS, based on their understanding that neurologists should be able to prescribe MS DMTs according to what is better for each patient, based on up-to-date evidence and practice. We herein propose practical recommendations for the treatment of MS, with the main focus on the choice and management of DMTs, as well as present a review of the scientific rationale supporting therapeutic strategies in MS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103015.v1
title: Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Brazilian Academy of Neurology and Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis

description: ABSTRACT The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, experts from the Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Neuroimmunology Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology have convened to establish this Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of MS, based on their understanding that neurologists should be able to prescribe MS DMTs according to what is better for each patient, based on up-to-date evidence and practice. We herein propose practical recommendations for the treatment of MS, with the main focus on the choice and management of DMTs, as well as present a review of the scientific rationale supporting therapeutic strategies in MS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103009
title: Immunohistochemical analysis of retinoblastoma cell phenotype using neuronal and glial cell markers

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: The cellular origin of retinoblastoma is uncertain as constituent tumor cells heterogeneously express markers of both immature and mature retinal cells. An immunohistochemical analysis of cellular origin may yield valuable insights into disease progression and treatment options. This study aimed to determine the cellular origin of retinoblastoma in a large case series and correlate these findings with histopathological prognostic factors. Methods: Thirty-nine retinoblastoma cases were histopathologically diagnosed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against the immature neural cell marker SRY-box containing gene 2 (SOX-2), the mature neuronal cell marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and the mature glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Histopathological features were also evaluated, including patterns of growth, differentiation, vitreous seeding, and choroidal/scleral, optic nerve, and anterior chamber invasion. Two retinoblastoma cell lines, WERI-1 and Y79, were studied by immunocytochemistry using the same antibodies. Results: Expression of SOX-2 was strong in 97.4% of retinoblastoma cases, while MAP-2 was expressed in 59% of cases. Immunostaining for GFAP was positive only in reactive stromal astrocytes interspersed amongst tumor cells and in peritumoral tissue. There was no correlation between histopathological prognostic factors and immunohistochemical markers. Retinoblastoma cell lines showed strong positivity for SOX2 (90% of WERI-1 cells and 70% of Y79 cells) and MAP2 (90% of cells in both lines). GFAP was completely negative in both cell lines. Conclusion: The majority of retinoblastomas and both RB cell lines expressed an immature neural and/or a mature neuronal cell marker, but not a glial marker. These results indicate a typical neuroblast or neuronal origin and eliminate astrocyte differentiation from neural stem cells as the source of retinoblastoma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103006
title: Prevalence of Burnout among Medical Residents of a University Hospital

description: ABSTRACT Introduction Medicine is a labor activity known for high standards of demand. The medical professional’s training period includes medical residency, a step in which stressors factors can be magnified. Thus, this population could be more susceptible to the syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced professional accomplishment, known by burnout. Objective To determine the prevalence of burnout and of each of its dimensions in the population of medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and to investigate associated socio-occupational characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) conducted from December 2015 to January 2016, using a computerized instrument containing two questionnaires: one with sociodemographic variables and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS Software version 18, using Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s chi-square test. for correlations. Results Of the 506 HCPA medical residents’, 151 participated voluntarily in the study. Burnout was present in 123 participants (81.5%). “Emotional exhaustion” was the most frequent dimension (53%), followed by “depersonalization” (47.7%) and “lack of professional achievement” (45%). Male gender and residents of the second year had a higher statistical possibility of developing Burnout, and the latter, also presented lower professional achievement and greater depersonalization. Fourth-year residents were less associated with depersonalization and burnout overall. Residents of surgical specialties were less associated with emotional exhaustion. Studying psychiatry was shown to be a protective factor for depersonalization, while radiology presented a risk to this dimension. Conclusion The high prevalence of burnout among medical residents especially among those attending the second year, raises concern, since it can lead to the risk of developing depression, to professional abandonment, to a decrease in the quality of care provided to patients. Thus, preventive measures against its development associated to the early diagnosis and adequate clinical management are fundamental for the reduction of its prevalence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103009.v1
title: Immunohistochemical analysis of retinoblastoma cell phenotype using neuronal and glial cell markers

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: The cellular origin of retinoblastoma is uncertain as constituent tumor cells heterogeneously express markers of both immature and mature retinal cells. An immunohistochemical analysis of cellular origin may yield valuable insights into disease progression and treatment options. This study aimed to determine the cellular origin of retinoblastoma in a large case series and correlate these findings with histopathological prognostic factors. Methods: Thirty-nine retinoblastoma cases were histopathologically diagnosed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against the immature neural cell marker SRY-box containing gene 2 (SOX-2), the mature neuronal cell marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and the mature glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Histopathological features were also evaluated, including patterns of growth, differentiation, vitreous seeding, and choroidal/scleral, optic nerve, and anterior chamber invasion. Two retinoblastoma cell lines, WERI-1 and Y79, were studied by immunocytochemistry using the same antibodies. Results: Expression of SOX-2 was strong in 97.4% of retinoblastoma cases, while MAP-2 was expressed in 59% of cases. Immunostaining for GFAP was positive only in reactive stromal astrocytes interspersed amongst tumor cells and in peritumoral tissue. There was no correlation between histopathological prognostic factors and immunohistochemical markers. Retinoblastoma cell lines showed strong positivity for SOX2 (90% of WERI-1 cells and 70% of Y79 cells) and MAP2 (90% of cells in both lines). GFAP was completely negative in both cell lines. Conclusion: The majority of retinoblastomas and both RB cell lines expressed an immature neural and/or a mature neuronal cell marker, but not a glial marker. These results indicate a typical neuroblast or neuronal origin and eliminate astrocyte differentiation from neural stem cells as the source of retinoblastoma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103003
title: Physical activity of parents and of their children: a systematic review of Brazilian sample studies – Report Card Brazil

description: Abstract The aim of this study was systematically review the researches in regard the association of PA of parents and the PA of their children. A literature search was performed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs and SciELO) using combined terms about youth, PA and social support, with restriction to publications with Brazilian sample and to English and Portuguese language. Thirteen studies were included in this review and was observed a positive association of parental PA and the PA of their children for the majority of the studies (n=11). Only two studies did not observed significant association between PA of parents and their children and, otherwise, it was not observed negative associations in the review. It was observed different associations according to the gender of both parents and children. This findings support the importance for the practice of PA by parents as encouragement for the practice of PA by their children among Brazilians. The strategies to promote the increase in practice of physical activity of children and adolescents of both genders may consider the social support as an important factor, especially in relation to the practice of PA of their parents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103000
title: Peer-Assisted and Team-Based Learning: A new hybrid strategy for Medical Education

description: ABSTRACT Medical education has been significantly changing in the last years, mainly due to new conceptions of the teaching-learning processes that advocate the employment of active methods of learning, such as Team-Based Learning (TBL). Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) is a long-established strategy that has been used in several undergraduate courses. This study describes a pilot test of a new model of PAL developed with an adapted TBL strategy, that was called “PAL-TBL method”. The test occurred during Human Physiology classes with first-year Medical undergraduate students from Universidade de Pernambuco - Garanhuns Campus, Brazil. The PAL-TBL was designed as a teaching-learning methodology to improve academic education. Here, the organizational dynamics and the design of the activities carried out from 2016 to 2017 are reported. The resulting PAL-TBL methodology is characterized as the following: (i) timing I or material preparation (context/scenario) and study/analysis of the material by the participants; (ii) timing II or verification of prior knowledge (individual and team test), questioning and feedback and (iii) timing III or applying the concepts learned. It is worth mentioning that the end of timing II consisted of a moment for evaluating the team’s work and the materials used. Material production happened through the interaction between student-tutors and the (supervising) professor, aiming to share experiences as well as to elucidate the importance of using active methods during the academic development of useful competencies for medical practice. The methodology developed allowed students to reflect extensively on the problems presented in the class discussions, allowing for a richer learning experience. Further applications of PAL-TBL in advanced years of the course will be done to confirm the benefits of this hybrid strategy for medical education.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103003.v1
title: Physical activity of parents and of their children: a systematic review of Brazilian sample studies – Report Card Brazil

description: Abstract The aim of this study was systematically review the researches in regard the association of PA of parents and the PA of their children. A literature search was performed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs and SciELO) using combined terms about youth, PA and social support, with restriction to publications with Brazilian sample and to English and Portuguese language. Thirteen studies were included in this review and was observed a positive association of parental PA and the PA of their children for the majority of the studies (n=11). Only two studies did not observed significant association between PA of parents and their children and, otherwise, it was not observed negative associations in the review. It was observed different associations according to the gender of both parents and children. This findings support the importance for the practice of PA by parents as encouragement for the practice of PA by their children among Brazilians. The strategies to promote the increase in practice of physical activity of children and adolescents of both genders may consider the social support as an important factor, especially in relation to the practice of PA of their parents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7103006.v1
title: Prevalence of Burnout among Medical Residents of a University Hospital

description: ABSTRACT Introduction Medicine is a labor activity known for high standards of demand. The medical professional’s training period includes medical residency, a step in which stressors factors can be magnified. Thus, this population could be more susceptible to the syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced professional accomplishment, known by burnout. Objective To determine the prevalence of burnout and of each of its dimensions in the population of medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and to investigate associated socio-occupational characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with medical residents of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) conducted from December 2015 to January 2016, using a computerized instrument containing two questionnaires: one with sociodemographic variables and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS Software version 18, using Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s chi-square test. for correlations. Results Of the 506 HCPA medical residents’, 151 participated voluntarily in the study. Burnout was present in 123 participants (81.5%). “Emotional exhaustion” was the most frequent dimension (53%), followed by “depersonalization” (47.7%) and “lack of professional achievement” (45%). Male gender and residents of the second year had a higher statistical possibility of developing Burnout, and the latter, also presented lower professional achievement and greater depersonalization. Fourth-year residents were less associated with depersonalization and burnout overall. Residents of surgical specialties were less associated with emotional exhaustion. Studying psychiatry was shown to be a protective factor for depersonalization, while radiology presented a risk to this dimension. Conclusion The high prevalence of burnout among medical residents especially among those attending the second year, raises concern, since it can lead to the risk of developing depression, to professional abandonment, to a decrease in the quality of care provided to patients. Thus, preventive measures against its development associated to the early diagnosis and adequate clinical management are fundamental for the reduction of its prevalence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102997
title: Full-field electroretinogram recorded with skin electrodes in normal adults

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: Alternative recording methods have been tested to allow the electroretinogram (ERG) recording in uncooperative patients and/or patients with palpebral alterations, including recordings with skin electrodes. The purpose of this study was to compare ERG recorded with skin electrodes and well-established microfiber electrodes and to determine normative values of ERG parameters for recording with skin electrodes. Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers (17-26 years; mean 20.63 ± 2.01 years) participated in the study. A gold disk skin electrode was placed on the lower orbital rim of a randomly chosen eye. On the contralateral eye, a microfiber electrode was positioned in the lower conjunctival sac. Gold disc electrodes were positioned at the ipsilateral outer canthus of both eyes acting as reference electrodes for the creation of a potential difference. Two ground electrodes were placed on the lobe of each ear. ERGs were recorded according to the International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology Visual (ISCEV) protocol using the VERIS 5.1.9 system for data acquisition and analysis. Results: Both types of electrodes showed similar wave response morphologies. The implicit time of responses between the two electrodes was comparable. On peak-to-peak amplitude, skin electrode recordings showed an amplitude reduction of 61.4% for rod responses, 61.5% for maximal responses, 46.2% for oscillatory potentials, 57.4% for cone responses, and 54.4% for 30Hz-flicker responses, when compared with microfiber electrode recordings. Based on these findings, normative values for peak-to-peak amplitude and implicit time to be used as a reference for ERGs recorded with skin electrodes were determined. Conclusions: ERGs recorded with skin electrodes presented lower peak-to-peak amplitude compared with microfiber electrodes. However, using appropriate normative values, skin electrodes may be useful for specific target populations such as uncooperative infants and/or patients with ocular surface alterations.