cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129119
title: Supplementary Material for: Systematic Review on the Definition of Allergic Diseases in Children: The MeDALL Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> During the last decades, a large number of phenotypes and disease classifications of allergic diseases have been proposed. Despite the heterogeneity across studies, no systematic review has been conducted on phenotype classification and the criteria that define allergic diseases. We aimed to identify clinically expressed, population-based phenotypes of allergic diseases and their interrelationships, to explore disease heterogeneity and to evaluate the measurements employed in disease diagnosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a search of MEDLINE up to December 2012, to identify relevant original studies published in the English language that examine at least one objective of this systematic review in subjects aged 0-18 years. The screening of titles and abstracts and the extraction of data were conducted independently by two reviewers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From a total of 13,767 citations, 197 studies met the criteria for inclusion, with 54% being cohort studies. Allergic diseases were studied as a single entity in 55% (109/197) of the studies or in the context of multimorbidity in 45%. Asthma accounted for 81.7% of the studies examining single diseases. Overall, up to 33 different phenotypes of allergic disease were reported. Transient early, late-onset and persistent wheeze were the most frequently reported phenotypes. Most studies (78%) used questionnaires. The skin-prick test was the preferred measurement of sensitization (64%). Spirometry and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were assessed in one third of the studies, peak flow rate in 8.6% and disease severity in 35%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Studies reporting phenotypes of allergic diseases in children are highly heterogeneous and often lack objective phenotypical measures. A concerted effort to standardize methods and terminology is necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129122
title: Supplementary Material for: The Distribution of Substance P and Kisspeptin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey and a Comparison of Intravenous Administration of These Peptides to Release GnRH as Reflected by LH Secretion

description: Substance P (SP) was recently reported to be expressed in human kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons and to enhance KNDy neuron excitability in the mouse hypothalamus. We therefore examined (1) interactions of SP and kisspeptin in the mediobasal hypothalamus of adult male rhesus monkeys using immunofluorescence, and (2) the ability of SP to induce LH release in GnRH-primed, agonadal juvenile male monkeys. SP cell bodies were observed only occasionally in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), but more frequently dorsal to the Arc in the region of the premammillary nucleus. Castration resulted in an increase in the number of SP cell bodies in the Arc but not in the other regions. SP fibers innervated the Arc, where they were found in close apposition with kisspeptin perikarya in the periphery of this nucleus. Beaded SP axons projected to the median eminence, where they terminated in the external layer and intermingled with beaded kisspeptin axons. Colocalization of the two peptides, however, was not observed. Although close apposition between SP fibers and kisspeptin neurons suggest a role for SP in modulating GnRH pulse generator activity, i.v. injections of SP failed to elicit release of GnRH (as reflected by LH) in the juvenile monkey. Although the finding of structural interactions between SP and kisspeptin neurons is consistent with the notion that this tachykinin may be involved in regulating pulsatile GnRH release, the apparent absence of expression of SP in KNDy neurons suggests that this peptide is unlikely to be a fundamental component of the primate GnRH pulse generator.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129125
title: Supplementary Material for: Complement and Cardiovascular Disease - The Missing Link in Haemodialysis Patients?

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients on haemodialysis (HD) have high rates of cardiovascular (CV) disease and activation of the complement system. Despite evidence in non-renal patients that these may be linked, this association has received little attention in HD patients to date. In the setting of a randomised controlled trial we evaluated the relationships between baseline complement levels and subsequent CV events and mortality, in addition to the effects of HD with a vitamin E (VE)-coated dialysis membrane on circulating complement levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 260 HD patients were randomised to dialysis with a VE-coated dialysis membrane or non-VE coated equivalent for 12 months. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 6 and 12 months for measurement of C3, factor D, factor H and SC5b-9 levels. Data were collected prospectively on deaths and CV events. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Higher C3 levels at baseline were associated with subsequent CV events (hazard ratio 1.20 (1.01-1.42) per 0.1 mg/ml). Patients with intermediate SC5b-9 levels had significantly lower CV event rates and mortality than those with either high or low levels (p &lt; 0.01). There were no effects of the VE-membranes on the complement components measured nor the clinical endpoints considered. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The levels of C3 and SC5b-9 may have prognostic utility for predicting future CV events and/or mortality in HD patients - a relationship that requires further investigation. Dialysing prevalent HD patients with VE-bonded polysulfone membranes for a period of 12 months did not alter the circulating levels of the alternative complement pathway components considered here.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129116
title: Supplementary Material for: Assessment of Social Cognition and Theory of Mind: Initial Validation of the Geneva Social Cognition Scale

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Social cognition is widely studied in neurology. At present, such evaluations are designed for research or for specific diseases and simple general clinical tools are lacking. We propose a clinical evaluation tool for social cognition, the Geneva Social Cognition Scale (GeSoCS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The GeSoCS is a 100-point scale composed of 6 subtests (theory of mind stories, recognition of social emotions, false beliefs, inferences, absurdity judgement and planning abilities) chosen from different validated tests of social and cognitive evaluation. Eighty-four patients with neurological disorders and 52 controls participated in the study. Evaluation duration lasted 20-60 min. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean scores were 92.6 ± 4.5 for controls and 76.5 ± 15.3 for patients and differentiate patients and controls in all subtests. With a cut-off score of 84, the scale had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 94%. In our stroke subgroup, right CVAs failed in cartoons, inferences, ‘mind in the eyes', and in the temporal rule task while left CVAs were impaired in verbal/discourse tasks (social cognition, inferences, absurd stories, and cartoons. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The GeSoCS is a medium duration assessment tool that appears to detect and characterize significant social impairment in neurological patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129113
title: Supplementary Material for: Antagonistic Effects of Insulin and TGF-β3 during Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human BMSCs under a Minimal Amount of Factors

description: Growth factors are crucial regulators of cell differentiation towards tissue and organ development. Insulin and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been used as the major factors for chondrogenesis in vitro, by activating the AKT and Smad signaling pathways. Previous reports demonstrated that AKT and Smad3 have a direct interaction that results in the inhibition of TGF-β-mediated cellular responses. However, the result of this interaction between AKT and Smad3 during the chondrogenesis of human bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (hBMSCs) is unknown. In this study, we performed functional analyses by inducing hBMSCs into chondrogenesis with insulin, TGF-β3 or in combination, and found that TGF-β3, when applied concomitantly with insulin, significantly decreases an insulin-induced increase in mRNA levels of the master regulator of chondrogenesis, <i>SOX9</i>, as well as the regulators of the 2 major chondrocyte markers, <i>ACAN</i> and <i>COL2A1</i>. Similarly, the insulin/TGF-β3-treated group presented a significant decrease in the deposition of cartilage matrix as detected by safranin O staining of histological sections of hBMSC micromass cultures when compared to the group stimulated with insulin alone. Intracellular analysis revealed that insulin-induced activation of AKT suppressed Smad3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, insulin/TGF-β3 significantly decreased the TGF-β3-induced increase in mRNA levels of the direct downstream factor of TGF-β/Smad3, CCN2/CGTF, compared to the group stimulated with TGF-β3 alone. On the other hand, insulin/TGF-β3 stimulation did not suppress insulin-induced expression of the downstream targets TSC2 and DDIT4/REDD1. In summary, insulin and TGF-β3 have antagonistic effects when applied concomitantly, with a minimal number of factors. The application of an insulin/TGF-β3 combination without further supplementation should be used with caution in the chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129116.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Assessment of Social Cognition and Theory of Mind: Initial Validation of the Geneva Social Cognition Scale

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Social cognition is widely studied in neurology. At present, such evaluations are designed for research or for specific diseases and simple general clinical tools are lacking. We propose a clinical evaluation tool for social cognition, the Geneva Social Cognition Scale (GeSoCS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The GeSoCS is a 100-point scale composed of 6 subtests (theory of mind stories, recognition of social emotions, false beliefs, inferences, absurdity judgement and planning abilities) chosen from different validated tests of social and cognitive evaluation. Eighty-four patients with neurological disorders and 52 controls participated in the study. Evaluation duration lasted 20-60 min. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean scores were 92.6 ± 4.5 for controls and 76.5 ± 15.3 for patients and differentiate patients and controls in all subtests. With a cut-off score of 84, the scale had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 94%. In our stroke subgroup, right CVAs failed in cartoons, inferences, ‘mind in the eyes', and in the temporal rule task while left CVAs were impaired in verbal/discourse tasks (social cognition, inferences, absurd stories, and cartoons. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The GeSoCS is a medium duration assessment tool that appears to detect and characterize significant social impairment in neurological patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129119.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Systematic Review on the Definition of Allergic Diseases in Children: The MeDALL Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> During the last decades, a large number of phenotypes and disease classifications of allergic diseases have been proposed. Despite the heterogeneity across studies, no systematic review has been conducted on phenotype classification and the criteria that define allergic diseases. We aimed to identify clinically expressed, population-based phenotypes of allergic diseases and their interrelationships, to explore disease heterogeneity and to evaluate the measurements employed in disease diagnosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a search of MEDLINE up to December 2012, to identify relevant original studies published in the English language that examine at least one objective of this systematic review in subjects aged 0-18 years. The screening of titles and abstracts and the extraction of data were conducted independently by two reviewers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From a total of 13,767 citations, 197 studies met the criteria for inclusion, with 54% being cohort studies. Allergic diseases were studied as a single entity in 55% (109/197) of the studies or in the context of multimorbidity in 45%. Asthma accounted for 81.7% of the studies examining single diseases. Overall, up to 33 different phenotypes of allergic disease were reported. Transient early, late-onset and persistent wheeze were the most frequently reported phenotypes. Most studies (78%) used questionnaires. The skin-prick test was the preferred measurement of sensitization (64%). Spirometry and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were assessed in one third of the studies, peak flow rate in 8.6% and disease severity in 35%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Studies reporting phenotypes of allergic diseases in children are highly heterogeneous and often lack objective phenotypical measures. A concerted effort to standardize methods and terminology is necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129122.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Distribution of Substance P and Kisspeptin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey and a Comparison of Intravenous Administration of These Peptides to Release GnRH as Reflected by LH Secretion

description: Substance P (SP) was recently reported to be expressed in human kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons and to enhance KNDy neuron excitability in the mouse hypothalamus. We therefore examined (1) interactions of SP and kisspeptin in the mediobasal hypothalamus of adult male rhesus monkeys using immunofluorescence, and (2) the ability of SP to induce LH release in GnRH-primed, agonadal juvenile male monkeys. SP cell bodies were observed only occasionally in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), but more frequently dorsal to the Arc in the region of the premammillary nucleus. Castration resulted in an increase in the number of SP cell bodies in the Arc but not in the other regions. SP fibers innervated the Arc, where they were found in close apposition with kisspeptin perikarya in the periphery of this nucleus. Beaded SP axons projected to the median eminence, where they terminated in the external layer and intermingled with beaded kisspeptin axons. Colocalization of the two peptides, however, was not observed. Although close apposition between SP fibers and kisspeptin neurons suggest a role for SP in modulating GnRH pulse generator activity, i.v. injections of SP failed to elicit release of GnRH (as reflected by LH) in the juvenile monkey. Although the finding of structural interactions between SP and kisspeptin neurons is consistent with the notion that this tachykinin may be involved in regulating pulsatile GnRH release, the apparent absence of expression of SP in KNDy neurons suggests that this peptide is unlikely to be a fundamental component of the primate GnRH pulse generator.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129104
title: Supplementary Material for: The <b><i>Drosophila</i></b> Chitinase-Like Protein IDGF3 Is Involved in Protection against Nematodes and in Wound Healing

description: Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) of the 18 glycosyl hydrolase family retain structural similarity to chitinases but lack enzymatic activity. Although CLPs are upregulated in several human disorders that affect regenerative and inflammatory processes, very little is known about their normal physiological function. We show that an insect CLP (<i>Drosophila</i> imaginal disc growth factor 3, IDGF3) plays an immune-protective role during entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) infections. During these infections, nematodes force their entry into the host via border tissues, thus creating wounds. Whole-genome transcriptional analysis of nematode-infected wild-type and <i>Idgf3 </i>mutant larvae have shown that, in addition to the regulation of genes related to immunity and wound closure, IDGF3 represses Jak/STAT and Wingless signaling. Further experiments have confirmed that IDGF3 has multiple roles in innate immunity. It serves as an essential component required for the formation of hemolymph clots that seal wounds, and <i>Idgf3</i> mutants display an extended developmental delay during wound healing. Altogether, our findings indicate that vertebrate and invertebrate CLP proteins function in analogous settings and have a broad impact on inflammatory reactions and infections. This opens the way to further genetic analysis of <i>Drosophila</i> IDGF3 and will help to elucidate the exact molecular context of CLP function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129107
title: Supplementary Material for: Wenn sich Menschen ändern - Veränderungsprozesse in der Psychotherapie und ihre Beziehung zu spezifischen Therapietechniken und allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren

description: Erkenntnisse diverser Studien legen nahe, dass Placebo-Kontrollgruppen mehr von Psychotherapie profitieren als Kontrollgruppen ohne jegliche Behandlung, jedoch weniger als Patienten, die eine theoriegeleitete Behandlung erhalten. Die vorliegende Auswertung der Befunde vergleichender Ergebnisstudien - zum einen solche, die Ergebnisse von Patienten, die von auszubildenden/paraprofessionellen versus professionellen Therapeuten behandelt wurden, gegenüberstellen und zum anderen solche, die eine Symptomverbesserung in der Anfangsphase der Behandlung (‚early response‘ bzw. frühe Therapie-Response) in einem beträchtlichen Anteil der Stichprobe zeigen - legt nahe, dass den allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren von Psychotherapie bedeutende Effekte zukommen. Das Phänomen der frühen Therapie-Response stellt dabei eine Herausforderung dar, sowohl für das Verständnis der Effekte spezifischer psychotherapeutischer Ansätze als auch der ursächlichen Effekte spezifischer therapeutischer Techniken in der Behandlung bestimmter Erkrankungen. Die Behandlungsergebnisse sind dabei am ehesten als komplexes Zusammenspiel allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren, wie z.B. der Erwartung des Patienten hinsichtlich einer erfolgreichen Behandlung oder der therapeutischen Beziehung, sowie spezifischer Interventionen zu verstehen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129110
title: Supplementary Material for: Erwartungsfokussierte Psychotherapeutische Interventionen (EFPI)

description: Erkenntnisse der Placebo-Forschung legen nahe, dass Erwartungen in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit einer Behandlung ein entscheidender Prädiktor für den tatsächlichen Behandlungserfolg sind. Dieser Einfluss von Erwartungen wurde sowohl für die Behandlung von körperlichen Erkrankungen als auch von psychischen Störungen nachgewiesen. Bei psychischen Störungen spielen neben den Erwartungen an den Behandlungserfolg noch weitere Erwartungen eine wichtige Rolle. Dazu gehören störungsspezifische Erwartungen (z.B. Erwartungen bezüglich des Eintretens eines katastrophalen Ereignisses bei Patienten mit Angststörungen) ebenso wie Erwartungen über sich selbst und andere (z.B. «Andere werden mich ablehnen, wenn sie meine wahre Persönlichkeit kennenlernen»). Das Modell der Erwartungsverletzung (engl. expectation violation = ViolEx) stellt dar, wie Erwartungen bei psychischen Störungen entstehen, wie sie sich verändern und warum sie trotz gegensätzlicher Erfahrungen oft persistieren. Darauf aufbauend stellen wir einen Behandlungsansatz mit Fallbeispielen vor, der psychotherapeutische Interventionen durch das Fokussieren auf Patientenerwartungen optimieren kann (Erwartungsfokussierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen; EFPI). Zwar beinhalten einige etablierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen bereits (zum Teil implizit) erwartungsmodifizierende Elemente, doch EFPI stellen einen fokussierteren Ansatz dar, mit dessen Hilfe die Gründe für wenig erfolgreich verlaufende Therapien identifiziert werden und Ansatzpunkte für weitere Interventionen gefunden können.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129113.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Antagonistic Effects of Insulin and TGF-β3 during Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human BMSCs under a Minimal Amount of Factors

description: Growth factors are crucial regulators of cell differentiation towards tissue and organ development. Insulin and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been used as the major factors for chondrogenesis in vitro, by activating the AKT and Smad signaling pathways. Previous reports demonstrated that AKT and Smad3 have a direct interaction that results in the inhibition of TGF-β-mediated cellular responses. However, the result of this interaction between AKT and Smad3 during the chondrogenesis of human bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (hBMSCs) is unknown. In this study, we performed functional analyses by inducing hBMSCs into chondrogenesis with insulin, TGF-β3 or in combination, and found that TGF-β3, when applied concomitantly with insulin, significantly decreases an insulin-induced increase in mRNA levels of the master regulator of chondrogenesis, <i>SOX9</i>, as well as the regulators of the 2 major chondrocyte markers, <i>ACAN</i> and <i>COL2A1</i>. Similarly, the insulin/TGF-β3-treated group presented a significant decrease in the deposition of cartilage matrix as detected by safranin O staining of histological sections of hBMSC micromass cultures when compared to the group stimulated with insulin alone. Intracellular analysis revealed that insulin-induced activation of AKT suppressed Smad3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, insulin/TGF-β3 significantly decreased the TGF-β3-induced increase in mRNA levels of the direct downstream factor of TGF-β/Smad3, CCN2/CGTF, compared to the group stimulated with TGF-β3 alone. On the other hand, insulin/TGF-β3 stimulation did not suppress insulin-induced expression of the downstream targets TSC2 and DDIT4/REDD1. In summary, insulin and TGF-β3 have antagonistic effects when applied concomitantly, with a minimal number of factors. The application of an insulin/TGF-β3 combination without further supplementation should be used with caution in the chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129098
title: Supplementary Material for: Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> We evaluated the epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS-1) and its subgroups: acute heart failure (AHF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and after cardiac surgery (CS). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. CRS-1 was defined by AKI (based on RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO), worsening renal failure (WRF) and renal replacement therapy (RRT). We investigated the three most common clinical causes of CRS-1: AHF, ACS and CS. Out of 332 potential papers, 64 were eligible - with AKI used in 41 studies, WRF in 25 and RRT in 20. The occurrence rate of CRS-1, defined by AKI, WRF and RRT, was 25.4, 22.4 and 2.6%, respectively. AHF patients had a higher occurrence rate of CRS-1 compared to ACS and CS patients (AKI: 47.4 vs. 14.9 vs. 22.1%), but RRT was evenly distributed among the types of acute cardiac disease. AKI was associated with an increased mortality rate (risk ratio = 5.14, 95% CI 3.81-6.94; 24 studies and 35,227 patients), a longer length of stay in the intensive care unit [LOS<sub>ICU</sub>] (median duration = 1.37 days, 95% CI 0.41-2.33; 9 studies and 10,758 patients) and a longer LOS in hospital [LOS<sub>hosp</sub>] (median duration = 3.94 days, 95% CI 1.74-6.15; 8 studies and 35,227 patients). Increasing AKI severity was associated with worse outcomes. The impact of CRS-1 defined by AKI on mortality was greatest in CS patients. RRT had an even greater impact compared to AKI (mortality risk ratio = 9.2, median duration of LOS<sub>ICU</sub> = 10.6 days and that of LOS<sub>hosp</sub> = 20.2 days). <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Of all included patients, almost one quarter developed AKI and approximately 3% needed RRT. AHF patients experienced the highest occurrence rate of AKI, but the impact on mortality was greatest in CS patients.