DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1rz4
title: Carry-over effects of larval food stress on adult energetics and life history in a nectar-feeding butterfly

description: Stressful juvenile developmental conditions can affect performance and
 fitness later in life. In holometabolous insects such as butterflies,
 development under stressful conditions may lead to smaller adult size,
 lower reproductive output and shorter lifespan. However, how larval
 developmental stress affects energy intake and expenditure in adult
 individuals is poorly understood. We subjected last-instar larvae of
 Speyeria mormonia Edwards (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) to periodic dietary
 restriction (DR) to examine the allocation of energy and nutrients among
 different life-history processes. We measured adult food intake, resting
 metabolic rate (RMR), metabolic flight capacity, lifespan, and
 reproductive output. Consistent with pressure to disperse from a poor
 environment while maintaining offspring number, we predicted that stressed
 individuals would have increased adult food intake and higher flight
 capacity. Adult body size was strongly reduced. Contrary to predictions,
 we found no compensatory adult feeding. Mass-adjusted flight metabolic
 rate was reduced, suggesting poor dispersal capacity. Larval DR did not
 affect adult lifespan, nor did the rate of metabolic senescence change.
 Larval DR did affect RMR, as stressed females had a steeper slope between
 RMR and body mass, which may reflect differences in physiological activity
 due to condition. Fecundity decreased less than predicted based on body
 mass. Instead of investing in flight capacity, females increased relative
 allocation to reproduction, which may partly buffer against poor
 environmental conditions. Understanding the interplay of energy
 acquisition and allocation to life history traits across the life cycle is
 vital for predicting responses to environmental change.
description: Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: We
 collected data on pupal mass, adult mass at emergence, daily sugar water
 consumption, daily egg production, resting metabolic rate, flight
 metabolic rate, body mass, total number of eggs and lifespan.
 The methods are described in the associated article.
 Methods for processing the data: CO2 production data were
 converted from concentrations to metabolic rates using standard equations,
 see Lighton, J. R. B. (2008). Measuring Metabolic
 Rates: A Manual for Scientists. New York: Oxford University
 Press. Instrument- or software-specific information
 needed to interpret the data: n/a Standards and
 calibration information, if appropriate: n/a
 Environmental/experimental conditions: Experiment carried out in
 greenhouse. 16:8 h light:dark and 27:16 °C temperature cycle.
 Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data:
 n/a People involved with sample collection, processing,
 analysis and/or submission: Gladys Delgadillo, Brad Huang, Mattias Lanas,
 Clare LeDuff, Morgan McCluskey, Alejandra Mejia, XiaoSong Mu, Anika Naidu,
 Simon Scarpetta, Charlotte Wayne, and Amy Zuckerwise helped in data
 collection.  
description: DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Niitepold & Boggs Speyeria
 mormonia larval dietary restriction data.xlsx 1. Number
 of variables: 21 2. Number of cases/rows: 998
 3. Variable List: ID, Butterfly ID
 (categorical variable)<br>Brood, Family ID (categorical
 variable)<br>Treatment, Control=1, Larval dieatry restriction=2
 (categorical variable)<br>PupalMass, Mass of pupa in
 mg<br>InitialAdultMass, Mass of the adult butterfly on the first
 full day after emergence<br>Lifespan, Adult lifespan in
 days<br>Age, Age at a given day<br>PeakMR, Peak flight
 metabolic rate, the highest rate of CO2 production in flight in ml CO2 per
 h<br>TotalCO2, Total volume of CO2 produced during the 7 minutes
 flight experiment<br>Temperature, Temperature in the measurement
 chamber during the moment of highest CO2 production<br>RMR, Resting
 metabolic rate, average over 90 sec of CO2 production in rest in ml CO2
 per h<br>TempRMR, Average temperature during the RMR
 recording<br>Last3minCO2, Volume of CO2 produced during the last 3
 minutes of the flight experiment<br>Last3minTemp, Average
 temperature during the last 3 minutes of the flight
 experiment<br>AdultMass, Mass of the adult butterfly after the
 flight experiment on a given day<br>MeasurementTime, Time of the day
 when flight experiment started, in minutes since
 midnight<br>FeedingTime, Time of the day when the butterfly was fed
 in the morning before the flight experiment, in minutes since
 midnight<br>SugarWaterIntake, Volume of sugar water consumed by the
 butterfly on a given morning, in microlitres<br>Eggs, The number of
 eggs laid on a given day<br>TotalEggs, The total number of eggs laid
 by the butterfly<br>Bag, The ID of the cloth bag where the
 individual was housed as a last-instar larva (categorical
 variable) 4. Missing data codes:<br>n/a
 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: n/a