DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13334175
title: glenglat: Global englacial temperature database

description: Open-access database of englacial temperature measurements compiled from data submissions and published literature. It is developed on GitHub and published to Zenodo.

Data structure

The dataset adheres to the Frictionless Data Tabular Data Package specification.
The metadata in datapackage.json describes, in detail, the contents of the tabular data files in the data folder:



source.csv: Description of each data source (either a personal communication or the reference to a published study).

borehole.csv: Description of each borehole (location, elevation, etc), linked to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.

profile.csv: Description of each profile (date, etc), linked to borehole.csv via borehole_id and to source.csv via source_id and less formally via source identifiers in notes.

measurement.csv: Description of each measurement (depth and temperature), linked to profile.csv via borehole_id and profile_id.


For boreholes with many profiles (e.g. from automated loggers), pairs of profile.csv and measurement.csv are stored separately in subfolders of data named {source.id}-{glacier}, where glacier is a simplified and kebab-cased version of the glacier name (e.g. flowers2022-little-kluane).

data/source.csv

Sources of information considered in the compilation of this database. Column names and categorical values closely follow the Citation Style Language (CSL) 1.0.2 specification. Names of people in non-Latin scripts are followed by a latinization in square brackets (e.g. В. С. Загороднов [V. S. Zagorodnov]) and non-English titles are followed by a translation in square brackets.




name
type
description




id (required)
string
Unique identifier constructed from the first author's lowercase, latinized, family name and the publication year, followed as needed by a lowercase letter to ensure uniqueness (e.g. Загороднов 1981 → zagorodnov1981a).


author (required)
string
Author names (optionally followed by their ORCID in parentheses) as a pipe-delimited list.


year (required)
year
Year of publication.


type (required)
string
Item type.- article-journal: Journal article- book: Book (if the entire book is relevant)- chapter: Book section- document: Document not fitting into any other category- dataset: Collection of data- map: Geographic map- paper-conference: Paper published in conference proceedings- personal-communication: Personal communication between individuals- speech: Presentation (talk, poster) at a conference- report: Report distributed by an institution- thesis: Thesis written to satisfy degree requirements- webpage: Website or page on a website


title
string
Item title.


url
string
URL (DOI if available).


language (required)
string
Language as ISO 639-1 two-letter language code.- de: German- en: English- fr: French- ko: Korean- ru: Russian- sv: Swedish- zh: Chinese


container_title
string
Title of the container (e.g. journal, book).


volume
integer
Volume number of the item or container.


issue
string
Issue number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item or container, with an optional letter prefix (e.g. F1).


page
string
Page number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) of the item in the container.


version
string
Version number (e.g. 1.0) of the item.


editor
string
Editor names (e.g. of the containing book) as a pipe-delimited list.


collection_title
string
Title of the collection (e.g. book series).


collection_number
string
Number (e.g. 1) or range (e.g. 1-2) in the collection (e.g. book series volume).


publisher
string
Publisher name.




data/borehole.csv

Metadata about each borehole.




name
type
description




id (required)
integer
Unique identifier.


source_id (required)
string
Identifier of the source of the earliest temperature measurements. This is also the source of the borehole attributes unless otherwise stated in notes.


glacier_name (required)
string
Glacier or ice cap name (as reported).


glims_id
string
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier identifier.


location_origin (required)
string
Origin of location (latitude, longitude).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as coordinates in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published map with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from published plot by comparing to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing elevation to a map (e.g. Google Maps, CalTopo)


latitude (required)
number [degree]
Latitude (EPSG 4326).


longitude (required)
number [degree]
Longitude (EPSG 4326).


elevation_origin (required)
string
Origin of elevation (elevation).- submitted: Provided in data submission- published: Reported as number in original publication- digitized: Digitized from published plot with complete axes- estimated: Estimated from elevation contours in published map- guessed: Estimated with difficulty, for example by comparing location (latitude, longitude) to a map of contemporary elevations (e.g. CalTopo, Google Maps)


elevation (required)
number [m]
Elevation above sea level.


label
string
Borehole name (e.g. as labeled on a plot).


date_min
date (%Y-%m-%d)
Begin date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).


date_max
date (%Y-%m-%d)
End date of drilling, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).


drill_method
string
Drilling method.- mechanical: Push, percussion, rotary- thermal: Hot point, electrothermal, steam- combined: Mechanical and thermal


ice_depth
number [m]
Starting depth of ice. Infinity (INF) indicates that ice was not reached.


depth
number [m]
Total borehole depth (not including drilling in the underlying bed).


to_bed
boolean
Whether the borehole reached the glacier bed.


temperature_accuracy
number [°C]
Thermistor accuracy or precision (as reported). Typically understood to represent one standard deviation.


notes
string
Additional remarks about the study site, the borehole, or the measurements therein. Souces are referenced by their id.


curator
string
Names of people who added the data to the database, as a pipe-delimited list.




data/profile.csv

Date and time of each measurement profile.




name
type
description




borehole_id (required)
integer
Borehole identifier.


id (required)
integer
Borehole profile identifier (starting from 1 for each borehole).


source_id (required)
string
Source identifier.


measurement_origin (required)
string
Origin of measurements (measurement.depth, measurement.temperature).- submitted: Provided as numbers in data submission- published: Numbers read from original publication- digitized: Digitized from published plot(s) with Plot Digitizer


date_min
date (%Y-%m-%d)
Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the first possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-01-01).


date_max (required)
date (%Y-%m-%d)
Measurement date, or if not known precisely, the last possible date (e.g. 2019 → 2019-12-31).


time
time (%H:%M:%S)
Measurement time.


utc_offset
number [h]
Time offset relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).


equilibrated
boolean
Whether temperatures have equilibrated following drilling.


notes
string
Additional remarks about the profile or the measurements therein. Sources are referenced by source.id.




data/measurement.csv

Temperature measurements with depth.




name
type
description




borehole_id (required)
integer
Borehole identifier.


profile_id (required)
integer
Borehole profile identifier.


depth (required)
number [m]
Depth below the glacier surface.


temperature (required)
number [°C]
Temperature.