DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhkg
title: Data from: Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual

description: Premise of study: Increased aridity and drought associated with climate
 change are exerting unprecedented selection pressures on plant
 populations. Whether populations can rapidly adapt, and which life history
 traits might confer increased fitness under drought, remain outstanding
 questions.  Methods: We utilized a resurrection ecology approach,
 leveraging dormant seeds from herbarium collections to assess whether
 populations of Plantago patagonica from the semi-arid Colorado Plateau
 have rapidly evolved in response to approximately ten years of intense
 drought in the region. We quantified multiple traits associated with
 drought escape and drought resistance and assessed the survival of
 ancestors and descendants under simulated drought.  Key Results:
 Descendant populations displayed a significant shift in resource
 allocation, in which they invested less in reproductive tissues and
 relatively more in both above- and below-ground vegetative tissues. Plants
 with greater leaf biomass survived longer under terminal drought;
 moreover, even after accounting for the effect of increased leaf biomass,
 descendant seedlings survived drought longer than their
 ancestors.  Conclusions: Our results document rapid adaptive
 evolution in response to climate change in a selfing annual and suggest
 that shifts in tissue allocation strategies may underlie adaptive
 responses to drought in arid or semi-arid environments. This work also
 illustrates a novel approach, documenting that under specific
 circumstances, seeds from herbarium specimens may provide an untapped
 source of dormant propagules for future resurrection experiments.
description: Data files: This upload includes the input data (.csv and .Rdata)
 and scripts (.R) for primary analyses and figure generation in the
 manuscript.  See the README.txt file for description of the metadata.
 These data were generated in series of experiments conducted in a
 greenhouse common garden. Location: This research was
 conducted at the greenhouse at Northern Arizona University, using seeds
 collected from 5 locations in Northern Arizona, as well as seeds
 previously collected from these sites as part of herbarium voucher
 specimens.
description: ########################################################################################## Data for: Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual American Journal of Botany, 2023 Kyle Christie, Natalie R. Pierson, Liza M. Holeski, David B. Lowry Corresponding author – Kyle Christie (kyle.christie@nau.edu; kylechristie1@gmail.com) ########################################################################################## This dataset includes: * 5 .csv data files * 6 .R files which conduct analysis and produce visualizations * 1 .Rdata file used in one of figures Each figure from the manuscript can be generated using a .R analysis file and the associated .csv input file Input data include: Figure1\_data\_Plantago\_collection\_locations.csv Figure3\_data\_reproductive\_allocation\_data.csv Figure4\_data\_root\_experiment\_data.csv Figure5\_data\_mortality\_data.csv Figure6\_data\_ordination\_data.csv Figure1\_Colorado\_Plateau\_shapefile.Rdata Analysis scripts include: Figure1\_plot\_collection\_locations.R Figure3a\_tissue\_allocation.R Figure3b\_tissue\_allocation\_leaf\_to\_seed\_investment.R Figure4\_root\_to\_shoot.R Figure5\_mortality\_analysis\_Coxme\_models\_seedlings.R Figure6\_ordination.R ########################################################################################## Description of METADATA (columns in input .csv files): \*\*\* Blank cells in all .csv values represent NAs \*\*\* \*\*\* The .R scripts will handle the NAs appropriately \*\*\* Figure1\_data\_Plantago\_collection\_locations.csv Population: population names (with references to associated herbarium collection numbers) site\_name: concise population names Lat: latitude (in decimal degrees) Lon: longitude (in decimal degrees) Figure3\_data\_reproductive\_allocation\_data.csv Envelope\_ID: factor indicating maternal line Full\_Population: population name (with references to associated herbarium collection numbers) Population: concise population name grandmaternal\_line: factor indicating maternal line of maternal plant in the refresher generation generation: generation (ancestor or descendant) germ\_tray: factor indicating germination tray germ\_row: row within germination tray germ\_ column: column within germination tray germ\_grid\_cell: cell within germination tray CONE\_ID: unique ID of individual plant treatment: experimental treatment (wet, medium, dry) rack: factor indicating greenhouse rack date\_germination: calendar date of germination Jdate\_germination: Julian date of germination date\_first\_bud: calendar date of first bud Jdate\_first\_bud: Julian date of first bud date\_first\_flower: calendar date of first flower Jdate\_first\_flower: Julian date of first flower dead\_J154: survival census on Julian day 154 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) dead\_J165: survival census on Julian day 165 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) dead\_J168: survival census on Julian day 168 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) dead\_J172: survival census on Julian day 172 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) dead\_J175: survival census on Julian day 175 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) dead\_J184: survival census on Julian day 184 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) dead\_J191: survival census on Julian day 191 (1 = alive, 0 = dead) inflor\_height\_July\_28\_mm: inflorescence height (in mm) on July 28th notes: experimental notes leaf\_mass\_g: leaf mass in grams seed\_number: seed number seed\_mass\_g: seed mass in grams Figure4\_data\_root\_experiment\_data.csv cone\_ID: cone (greenhouse pot) identifier population: concise population name generation: generation (ancestor, descendant) maternal\_line: factor indicating maternal line treatment: experimental treatment (dry, wet) fertilizer: quantity of water-releasable fertilizer (corresponds to treatment) position: randomized cone position within experimental array rack: factor indicating greenhouse rack root\_mass: root biomass in grams veg\_mass: above-ground vegetative biomass in grams floral\_mass: floral biomass in grams (when applicable) total\_biomass: total biomass in grams (root biomass + vegetative biomass + floral biomass) Figure5\_data\_mortality\_data.csv Envelope\_ID: factor indicating maternal line Population: long population name, including notation for herbarium plants ("herb") grandmaternal\_line: factor indicating maternal line of mother plant in resurrection experiment tray: factor indicating experimental tray row: row within experimental tray column: column within experimental tray date\_planted: calendar date seed was planted Jdate\_planted: Julian date seed was planted Jdate\_germ: Julian date seed germinated Jdate\_bud: Julian date plant budded (when applicable) date\_dead: calendar date seedling died Jdate\_dead: Julian date seedling died plant\_height\_mm\_on\_06\_29: plant height (in millimeters) on June 29th leaf\_area\_mm\_squared: leaf area in mm^2 moisture\_volts\_07\_06: volt measurement from soil moisture probe on July 6th Remove: factor indicating whether to retain row for analysis ("Keep" or "Remove") planting\_notes: explanation if "Remove" column indicates "Remove" date\_germ: calendar date seed germinated Figure6\_data\_ordination\_data.csv Population: population name (including overall means for each generation; "Overall") generation: generation (ancestor, descendant) days\_to\_germ1: days to germination in Experiment #1 days\_to\_germ3: days to germination in Experiment #3 days\_to\_flower: days to flower seed\_number: seed number seed\_mass: seed mass (grams) leaf\_mass: leaf mass (grams) SLA: specific leaf area repro\_effort: reproductive effort (seed mass / [seed mass + leaf mass]) root\_to\_shoot: root to shoot ratio \*\*\* these data represent least-squared population means based on top models for each trait Colorado\_Plateau\_shape.Rdata \*\*\* shapefile of the Colorado Plateau physiographic region \*\*\* ##########################################################################################