cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470708
title: Supplementary Material for: Reducing the Harmful Effects of Infrared Radiation on the Skin Using Bicosomes Incorporating β-Carotene

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> In this work the effect of infrared (IR) radiation, at temperatures between 25 and 30°C, on the formation of free radicals (FRs) in the skin is studied. Additionally, the influence of IR radiation at high temperatures in the degradation of skin collagen is evaluated. In both experiments the protective effect against IR radiation of phospholipid nanostructures (bicosomes) incorporating β-carotene (Bcb) is also evaluated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The formation of FRs in skin under IR exposure was measured near physiological temperatures (25-30°C) using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trap and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The study of the collagen structure was performed by small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> EPR results showed an increase in the hydroxyl radical in the irradiated skin compared to the native skin. The skin collagen was degraded by IR exposure at high temperatures of approximately 65°C. The treatment with Bcb reduced the formation of FRs and kept the structure of collagen. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The formation of FRs by IR radiation does not depend on the increase of skin temperature. The decrease of FRs and the preservation of collagen fibers in the skin treated with Bcb indicate the potential of this lipid system to protect skin under IR exposure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470708.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Reducing the Harmful Effects of Infrared Radiation on the Skin Using Bicosomes Incorporating β-Carotene

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> In this work the effect of infrared (IR) radiation, at temperatures between 25 and 30°C, on the formation of free radicals (FRs) in the skin is studied. Additionally, the influence of IR radiation at high temperatures in the degradation of skin collagen is evaluated. In both experiments the protective effect against IR radiation of phospholipid nanostructures (bicosomes) incorporating β-carotene (Bcb) is also evaluated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The formation of FRs in skin under IR exposure was measured near physiological temperatures (25-30°C) using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trap and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The study of the collagen structure was performed by small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> EPR results showed an increase in the hydroxyl radical in the irradiated skin compared to the native skin. The skin collagen was degraded by IR exposure at high temperatures of approximately 65°C. The treatment with Bcb reduced the formation of FRs and kept the structure of collagen. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The formation of FRs by IR radiation does not depend on the increase of skin temperature. The decrease of FRs and the preservation of collagen fibers in the skin treated with Bcb indicate the potential of this lipid system to protect skin under IR exposure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470699
title: Six decades of the Hall–Petch effect – a survey of grain-size strengthening studies on pure metals

description: Refining a metal’s grain size can result in dramatic increases in strength, and the magnitude of this strengthening increment can be estimated using the Hall–Petch equation. Since the Hall–Petch equation was proposed, there have been many experimental studies supporting its applicability to pure metals, intermetallics and multi-phase alloys. In this article, we gather the grain-size strengthening data from the Hall–Petch studies on pure metals and use this aggregated data to calculate best estimates of these metals’ Hall–Petch parameters. We also use this aggregated data to re-evaluate the various models developed to physically support the Hall–Petch scaling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470696
title: 97% OTU abundance table and OTU taxonomy - EMP Sweden

description: 97% OTU abundance table and OTU taxonomy - EMP Sweden - Greengenes taxonomy, OTUs clustered with average neighbour clustering at 97 % with mothur.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470690
title: Supplementary Material for: Persistence of Lactobacilli in Postmenopausal Women - A Double-Blind, Randomized, Pilot Study

description: <i>Aim:</i> To investigate the ability of lactobacilli to persist in the genital area (vagina and labia) of women after the topical application of an ointment containing <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> LN40, <i>L. fermentum</i> LN99 and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> LN113. Secondary objectives were to study the presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other contaminants, as well as subjective symptoms in the genital tract. <i>Methods:</i> Eighteen healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to use either the study product or placebo for 10 days. Gynecological examinations, labial and vaginal samplings for bacterial cultivation were performed at baseline (visit 1), after treatment (visit 2), and at a 10-day follow-up (visit 3). LN strains were identified by specific cultivation methods. Subjective symptoms were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. <i>Results:</i> The presence of LN99 was shown in 7 out of 8 women in the investigational group at visit 2 (p &lt; 0.001 compared to placebo) and in 5 out of 8 at visit 3 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the presence of LN113 was shown in 2 out of 8 at visit 2 and in 1 out of 8 at visit 3. Subjective symptoms were significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.01) at visits 2 and 3 for both products. <i>Conclusion:</i> Topical application of a probiotic ointment is feasible to achieve persistence of lactobacilli for at least 10 days.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470690.v2
title: Supplementary Material for: Persistence of Lactobacilli in Postmenopausal Women - A Double-Blind, Randomized, Pilot Study

description: <i>Aim:</i> To investigate the ability of lactobacilli to persist in the genital area (vagina and labia) of women after the topical application of an ointment containing <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> LN40, <i>L. fermentum</i> LN99 and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> LN113. Secondary objectives were to study the presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other contaminants, as well as subjective symptoms in the genital tract. <i>Methods:</i> Eighteen healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to use either the study product or placebo for 10 days. Gynecological examinations, labial and vaginal samplings for bacterial cultivation were performed at baseline (visit 1), after treatment (visit 2), and at a 10-day follow-up (visit 3). LN strains were identified by specific cultivation methods. Subjective symptoms were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. <i>Results:</i> The presence of LN99 was shown in 7 out of 8 women in the investigational group at visit 2 (p &lt; 0.001 compared to placebo) and in 5 out of 8 at visit 3 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the presence of LN113 was shown in 2 out of 8 at visit 2 and in 1 out of 8 at visit 3. Subjective symptoms were significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.01) at visits 2 and 3 for both products. <i>Conclusion:</i> Topical application of a probiotic ointment is feasible to achieve persistence of lactobacilli for at least 10 days.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470690.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Is Intra-Arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke Less Effective in Women than in Men?

description: <i>Introduction:</i> Stroke etiology and outcome after ischemic stroke differ between men and women. We examined if sex modifies the effect of intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in a randomized clinical trial of IAT for acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN). <i>Patients and Methods:</i> The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days. We tested for interaction between sex and treatment and estimated the treatment effect by sex with multiple ordinal logistic regression with adjustment for prognostic factors. <i>Results:</i> All 500 patients were included in the analysis; 292 (58.4%) were men. The treatment effect (adjusted common odds ratio) was 2.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-3.68] in men and 0.99 (95% CI 0.60-1.66) in women (pinteraction = 0.016). In women, mortality was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (24 vs. 15%, p = 0.07). Serious adverse events occurred more often in women than in men undergoing intervention. There were no differences in neuro-imaging outcomes. <i>Discussion and Conclusion:</i> Contrary to other studies, we found a significant interaction between sex and treatment effect in the MR CLEAN trial. Pooled analyses of all published thrombectomy trials did not confirm this finding. In MR CLEAN, women seem to have a slightly more unfavorable profile, causing higher mortality and more serious adverse events, but insufficient to explain the absence of an overall effect. This suggests a play of chance and makes it clear that IAT should not be withheld in women.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470687
title: Supplementary Material for: Influence of Statin Pretreatment on Initial Neurological Severity and Short-Term Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: The Fukuoka Stroke Registry

description: <i>Background:</i> Statins have neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. However, associations between pre-stroke statin treatment and initial stroke severity and between the treatment and functional outcome remain controversial. This study aimed at determining these associations in ischemic stroke patients. <i>Methods:</i>Among patients registered in the Fukuoka Stroke Registry from June 2007 to October 2014, 3,848 patients with ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset, who had been functionally independent before onset, were enrolled in this study. Ischemic stroke was classified as cardioembolic or non-cardioembolic infarction. Primary and secondary study outcomes were mild neurological symptoms defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≤4 on admission and favorable functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at discharge, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify associations between pre-stroke statin treatment and study outcomes. <i>Results:</i> Of all 3,848 participants, 697 (18.1%) were taking statins prior to the stroke. The frequency of mild neurological symptoms was significantly higher in patients with pre-stroke statin treatment (64.1%) than in those without the treatment (58.3%, p &lt; 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that pre-stroke statin treatment was significantly associated with mild neurological symptoms (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65; p &lt; 0.01). Sensitivity analysis in patients with dyslipidemia (n = 1,998) also showed the same trend between pre-stroke statin treatment and mild neurological symptoms (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.99-1.62; p = 0.06). In contrast, the frequency of favorable functional outcome was not different between patients with (67.0%) and without (65.3%) the treatment (p = 0.40). Multivariable analysis also showed no significant association between pre-stroke statin treatment and favorable functional outcome (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91-1.60; p = 0.19). Continuation of statin treatment, however, was significantly associated with favorable functional outcome among patients with pre-stroke statin treatment (multivariable-adjusted OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.16-4.00; p = 0.02). <i>Conclusions:</i> Pre-stroke statin treatment in ischemic stroke patients was significantly associated with mild neurological symptoms within 24 h of onset. Pre-stroke statin treatment per se did not significantly influence the short-term functional outcome; however, continuation of statin treatment during the acute stage of stroke seems to relate with favorable functional outcome for patients with pre-stroke statin treatment.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470687.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Influence of Statin Pretreatment on Initial Neurological Severity and Short-Term Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: The Fukuoka Stroke Registry

description: <i>Background:</i> Statins have neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. However, associations between pre-stroke statin treatment and initial stroke severity and between the treatment and functional outcome remain controversial. This study aimed at determining these associations in ischemic stroke patients. <i>Methods:</i>Among patients registered in the Fukuoka Stroke Registry from June 2007 to October 2014, 3,848 patients with ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset, who had been functionally independent before onset, were enrolled in this study. Ischemic stroke was classified as cardioembolic or non-cardioembolic infarction. Primary and secondary study outcomes were mild neurological symptoms defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≤4 on admission and favorable functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at discharge, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify associations between pre-stroke statin treatment and study outcomes. <i>Results:</i> Of all 3,848 participants, 697 (18.1%) were taking statins prior to the stroke. The frequency of mild neurological symptoms was significantly higher in patients with pre-stroke statin treatment (64.1%) than in those without the treatment (58.3%, p &lt; 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that pre-stroke statin treatment was significantly associated with mild neurological symptoms (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65; p &lt; 0.01). Sensitivity analysis in patients with dyslipidemia (n = 1,998) also showed the same trend between pre-stroke statin treatment and mild neurological symptoms (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.99-1.62; p = 0.06). In contrast, the frequency of favorable functional outcome was not different between patients with (67.0%) and without (65.3%) the treatment (p = 0.40). Multivariable analysis also showed no significant association between pre-stroke statin treatment and favorable functional outcome (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91-1.60; p = 0.19). Continuation of statin treatment, however, was significantly associated with favorable functional outcome among patients with pre-stroke statin treatment (multivariable-adjusted OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.16-4.00; p = 0.02). <i>Conclusions:</i> Pre-stroke statin treatment in ischemic stroke patients was significantly associated with mild neurological symptoms within 24 h of onset. Pre-stroke statin treatment per se did not significantly influence the short-term functional outcome; however, continuation of statin treatment during the acute stage of stroke seems to relate with favorable functional outcome for patients with pre-stroke statin treatment.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470678
title: Earthquake history at the eastern boundary of the South Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

description: At the eastern boundary of the south Taupo Rift, the NE-striking, rift-bounding Rangipo and the ENE-striking Wahianoa active normal faults intersect. We investigate their intersection at the Upper Waikato Stream to understand the kinematics of a rift termination in an active volcanic area. The Upper Waikato Stream Fault is a previously unrecognised seismogenic source also at the eastern boundary, capable of producing a <i>M</i><sub>W</sub>6.5 and up to <i>M</i><sub>W</sub>7.1 earthquake if it ruptures in conjunction with the Rangipo or Wahianoa faults. We found a minimum of 12 surface-rupturing earthquakes in the last 45.16 ka on the Upper Waikato Stream Fault (mean slip-rate c. 0.5 mm/yr), and a minimum of nine surface-rupturing earthquakes in the last 133 ka on the Wahianoa Fault (mean slip-rate c. 0.2 mm/yr). Periods of highest slip-rate on these faults may coincide in time with Taupo, Ruapehu or Tongariro eruptions, but, despite their intersection, movement was not coincident across all faults. The Upper Waikato Stream Fault responded to a major Taupo Volcano eruption, the Wahianoa to a major eruptive sequence from Mt Tongariro and the Rangipo to major explosive events from Mt Ruapehu.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470678.v1
title: Earthquake history at the eastern boundary of the South Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

description: At the eastern boundary of the south Taupo Rift, the NE-striking, rift-bounding Rangipo and the ENE-striking Wahianoa active normal faults intersect. We investigate their intersection at the Upper Waikato Stream to understand the kinematics of a rift termination in an active volcanic area. The Upper Waikato Stream Fault is a previously unrecognised seismogenic source also at the eastern boundary, capable of producing a <i>M</i><sub>W</sub>6.5 and up to <i>M</i><sub>W</sub>7.1 earthquake if it ruptures in conjunction with the Rangipo or Wahianoa faults. We found a minimum of 12 surface-rupturing earthquakes in the last 45.16 ka on the Upper Waikato Stream Fault (mean slip-rate c. 0.5 mm/yr), and a minimum of nine surface-rupturing earthquakes in the last 133 ka on the Wahianoa Fault (mean slip-rate c. 0.2 mm/yr). Periods of highest slip-rate on these faults may coincide in time with Taupo, Ruapehu or Tongariro eruptions, but, despite their intersection, movement was not coincident across all faults. The Upper Waikato Stream Fault responded to a major Taupo Volcano eruption, the Wahianoa to a major eruptive sequence from Mt Tongariro and the Rangipo to major explosive events from Mt Ruapehu.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470654
title: Outburst floods of the Maly Yenisei. Part I

description: The Yenisei, the largest river flowing to the Arctic Ocean, repeatedly hosted cataclysmic floods during the Pleistocene. The largest of the known floods likely originated from palaeolakes in northern Mongolia, at the headwaters of the Little, or Maly, Yenisei. These ancient floods are among the greatest known globally. They left giant gravel dunes and wide abandoned channels in the Kyzyl basin, and high terraces in the gorges upstream. However, few detailed field studies of the flood deposits and no measurements of their ages have been made thus far. The largest palaeolakes were impounded during major glaciations by outlet glaciers from the East Sayan ice field in southern Siberia. The shorelines suggest four distinct palaeolake depths of 290, 175, 145, and 65 m. The timing and location of the glacier impounding the deepest lakes are uncertain but at its maximum, the Tengis outlet glacier was likely capable of impounding the 175 m lake. The dating of glacial deposits in and around the basin reveals that the maximum late Pleistocene glaciers were during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The ages for deep-lake sediments exposed in the basin behind the dam’s location support this finding. During MIS 2 the Tengis glacier was large enough to impound at least the 145 m lake. However, the existence of a deep MIS 2 palaeolake in the basin has been challenged, because no evidence has been published of MIS 2 lake sediments from the cutbank outcrops and deep drilling cores. Additionally, the end moraines of the Tengis glacier, separated from the deeply eroded lateral moraines by the Maly Yenisei, remain undated; therefore it is uncertain exactly when this glacier crossed the river. This review is part I of a two-part article; Part II presents new age data to constrain the ages of the glacial dam.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470654.v1
title: Outburst floods of the Maly Yenisei. Part I

description: The Yenisei, the largest river flowing to the Arctic Ocean, repeatedly hosted cataclysmic floods during the Pleistocene. The largest of the known floods likely originated from palaeolakes in northern Mongolia, at the headwaters of the Little, or Maly, Yenisei. These ancient floods are among the greatest known globally. They left giant gravel dunes and wide abandoned channels in the Kyzyl basin, and high terraces in the gorges upstream. However, few detailed field studies of the flood deposits and no measurements of their ages have been made thus far. The largest palaeolakes were impounded during major glaciations by outlet glaciers from the East Sayan ice field in southern Siberia. The shorelines suggest four distinct palaeolake depths of 290, 175, 145, and 65 m. The timing and location of the glacier impounding the deepest lakes are uncertain but at its maximum, the Tengis outlet glacier was likely capable of impounding the 175 m lake. The dating of glacial deposits in and around the basin reveals that the maximum late Pleistocene glaciers were during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The ages for deep-lake sediments exposed in the basin behind the dam’s location support this finding. During MIS 2 the Tengis glacier was large enough to impound at least the 145 m lake. However, the existence of a deep MIS 2 palaeolake in the basin has been challenged, because no evidence has been published of MIS 2 lake sediments from the cutbank outcrops and deep drilling cores. Additionally, the end moraines of the Tengis glacier, separated from the deeply eroded lateral moraines by the Maly Yenisei, remain undated; therefore it is uncertain exactly when this glacier crossed the river. This review is part I of a two-part article; Part II presents new age data to constrain the ages of the glacial dam.
DOI: 10.17608/k6.auckland.3470627
title: Appendices for Sam McArthur Masters Thesis

description: The above documents contain a collection of the 60 cross-sections of Happy Valley Stream, Kaikoura, New Zealand. The cross-sections depict 2, 50 and 100 year Annual return interval flood modelling within an alpine stream. <br>Cross-sections have been extracted from DEMs of &lt;0.055m resolution, obtained by way of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry. The 58 cross-sections span two 600m reaches of Happy Valley Stream, an alpine stream that sits high in the Seaward Kaikoura ranges. The cross-sections depict high resolution surface topography and channel morphology that have been used for assessing channel stability by way of stream power modelling. <br> Location: 42° 19’ 17’’ S, 172° 71’ 37” E
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470609
title: Patterns of Childhood Abuse and Neglect in a Representative German Population Sample

description: Data shows<br>(1) characteristics of the sample and the three ctq-clusters<br><br>(2) Distribution of the yellow flags in PHQ-2, GAD-2, and PHQ-4 in the three CTQ Clusters<br><br>(3) number of reported types of maltreatment in the three ctq clusters<br><br>(4) Explained variance of the typological approach and the cumulative risk model <b></b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470609.v2
title: Patterns of Childhood Abuse and Neglect in a Representative German Population Sample

description: Data shows<br>(1) characteristics of the sample and the three ctq-clusters<br><br>(2) Distribution of the yellow flags in PHQ-2, GAD-2, and PHQ-4 in the three CTQ Clusters<br><br>(3) number of reported types of maltreatment in the three ctq clusters<br><br>(4) Explained variance of the typological approach and the cumulative risk model <b></b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3470609.v1
title: tables.docx

description: Data shows<br>(1) characteristics of the sample and the three ctq-clusters<br><br>(2) Distribution of the yellow flags in PHQ-2, GAD-2, and PHQ-4 in the three CTQ Clusters<br><br>(3) number of reported types of maltreatment in the three ctq clusters<br><br>(4) Explained variance of the typological approach and the cumulative risk model <b></b>