cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jwwz
title: Zebrafish larvae exploration and aversive chemotaxis dataset

description: This dataset contains recordings of larval zebrafish behavior. The full
 details are described in the paper "A lexical approach for
 identifying behavioral action sequences".  The experiment
 investigates zebrafish larvae behavior in free swimming and aversive
 chemotaxis conditions. In each experiment, 12 larvae (7 dpf) are
 placed in 12 rectangular wells. Ten min-long videos were recorded
 at 160 Hz with an exposure time of 1 ms, and a pixel size of 70 µm using a
 ViewWorks camera (Basler acA2040-180km) controlled by the Hiris software
 (R&D Vision, Nogent sur Marne,
 http://www.rd-vision.com/r-d-vision-eng). The fish are tracked using a
 custom-made software, Zebrazoom (https://zebrazoom.org/). The
 algorithm begins by locating all the wells and by extracting the
 background of the video. ZebraZoom first applies a series of actions to
 detect the animal in each well: i) contours of head and entire body are
 detected using active contours, ii) the center of the head is identified
 as the center of mass of the head contour and the tip of the tail is
 detected using both the curvature along the body contour and distance to
 the center of the head. The midline is then identified between the left
 and right borders of the body contour. For each animal, the difference in
 pixel intensity between subsequent frames enables the automated detection
 of bout start and end. Then, for each bout, the algorithm calculates the
 head position, head direction and the tail angle from which kinematic
 parameters are subsequently estimated: number of oscillations,
 instantaneous tail beat frequency, maximum amplitude for each tail bend,
 bout speed, bout duration, and bout distance. Tunable parameters in the
 tracking algorithm were optimized to detect small
 amplitude forward bouts occurring frequently during exploration.
 In order to validate our algorithm, we manually inspected
 validation videos where the head direction and tail position were
 superimposed on the raw image when a bout is detected, allowing to check
 both the tracking and bout detection quality. The dataset contains MATLAB
 files which can be read using the Python code uploaded along with the
 dataset. The codebase also includes a Cython implementation of the BASS
 algorithm. The ReadMe for using the Python code to analyze the larval
 zebrafish dataset and for using BASS is included with the code. 
description: The dataset was collected using a zebrafish behavior assay at the
 Institut du Cerveau (ICM) and has been processed using Zebrazoom to a
 produce a MS accepted for publication in PLoS Computational
 Biology. 
description: The processed larval zebrafish data (in MATLAB file format) is
 compressed in "Data_all" and the code is archived
 in "BASS-master.zip". The Python notebook
 "Zebrafish_larvae_analysis_acid_data_final.ipynb" contains the
 functions to read and analyze the larval zebrafish data. The ReadMe file
 contains an explanation of how to use BASS.  Information on how the data
 was collected can be found in the associated manuscript referenced
 above.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mcvdncjzf
title: Role of individual dispersal in genetic resilience in fluctuating populations of the gray-sided vole Myodes rufocanus

description: Population densities of the grey-sided vole Myodes rufocanus fluctuate
 greatly within and across years in Japan. Here, to investigate the role of
 individual dispersal in maintaining population genetic diversity, we
 examined how genetic diversity varied during fluctuations in density by
 analyzing eight microsatellite loci in voles sampled three times per year
 for 5 years, using two fixed trapping grids (approximately 0.5 ha each).
 At each trapping session, all captured voles at each trapping grid were
 removed. The STRUCTURE program was used to analyze serially collected
 samples to examine how population crashes were related to temporal
 variability, based on local-scale genetic compositions in each population.
 In total, 461 and 527 voles were captured at each trapping grid during
 this study. The number of voles captured during each trapping session
 (i.e., vole density) varied considerably at both grids. Although patterns
 in fluctuations were not synchronized between grids, the peak densities
 were similar. At both grids, the mean allele number recorded at each
 trapping session was strongly, positively, and non-linearly correlated
 with density. STRUCTURE analyses revealed that the proportions of cluster
 compositions among individuals at each grid differed markedly before and
 after the crash phase, implying the long-distance dispersal of voles from
 remote areas at periods of low density. The present results suggest that,
 in grey-sided vole populations, genetic diversity varies with density
 largely at the local scale; in contrast, genetic variation in a
 metapopulation is well-preserved at the regional scale due to the
 density-dependent dispersal behaviors of individuals. By influencing the
 dispersal patterns of individuals, fluctuations in density affect
 metapopulation structure spatially and temporally, while the levels of
 genetic diversity are preserved in a metapopulation.
description: For the genotype data, 1. Liver samples were
 collected three times per year (late May, early August, and early October)
 for 5 years (2002–2006) at two fixed sites on Nemuro Peninsula,
 Japan (grids A and I). During each trapping session, 50 Sherman-type traps
 were arranged in a 5 × 10 grid pattern at an interval of 10 m (~0.5 ha)
 for 3 nights (i.e., a total of 150 trap-nights per session).
 2. Genomic DNA was extracted using the conventional
 phenol-chloroform method. Eight microsatellite loci (MSCRB-01, -04, -06,
 -07, -09, -10, -11, and -13) were amplified with ABI AmpliTaq Gold DNA
 polymerase and an ABI 2720 Thermal Cycler system. 3.
 Genotyping was performed with an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer using
 GeneScan Analysis 3.1.2 and Genotyper 2.5.
description: There is a missing value in a single individual at grid
 I (ID: 2006L136; Locus:
 MSCRB11).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jq2bvq874
title: Does conspicuousness scale linearly with colour distance? a test using reef fish

description: To be effective, animal colour signals must attract attention – and
 therefore need to be conspicuous. To understand signal function, it is
 useful to evaluate their conspicuousness to relevant viewers under various
 environmental conditions, including when visual scenes are cluttered by
 objects of varying colour. A widely used metric of colour difference (ΔS)
 is based on the Receptor Noise Limited (RNL) model, which was originally
 proposed to determine when two similar colours appear different from one
 another, termed the discrimination threshold (or JND, just noticeable
 difference). Estimates of the perceptual distances between colours that
 exceed this threshold – termed ‘suprathreshold’ colour differences – often
 assumes that a colour’s conspicuousness scales linearly with colour
 distance, and that this scale is independent of direction in colour space.
 Currently, there is little behavioural evidence to support these
 assumptions. This study evaluated the relationship between ΔS and
 conspicuousness in suprathreshold colours using an Ishihara-style test
 with a coral reef fish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus. As our measure of
 conspicuousness, we tested whether fish, when presented with two colourful
 targets, preferred to peck at the one with a greater ΔS­ from the average
 distractor colour. We found the relationship between ΔS and
 conspicuousness followed­­ a sigmoidal function, with high ΔS colours
 perceived as equally conspicuous. We found that the relationship between
 ΔS and conspicuousness varied across colour space (i.e. for different
 hues). The sigmoidal detectability curve was little affected by colour
 variation in the background or when colour distance was calculated using a
 model that does not correct for receptor noise. These results suggest that
 the RNL model may provide accurate estimates for perceptual distance for
 small suprathreshold distance colours, even in complex viewing
 environments, but must be used with caution with perceptual distances
 exceeding­ ­10 ΔS.
description: Behavioural data from fish experiments (see methods)
 Colour vision modelling (see methods)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kd8d
title: Male reproductive traits among natural populations of P. guentheri

description: Ejaculate traits vary extensively among individuals and species, but
 little is known about their variation among populations of the same
 species. Here, we investigated patterns of intraspecific variation in male
 reproductive investment in the terrestrial-breeding frog Pseudophryne
 guentheri. Like most anurans, breeding activity in P. guentheri is cued by
 precipitation, and therefore the timing and duration of breeding seasons
 differ among geographically separated populations, potentially leading to
 differences in the level of sperm competition. We therefore anticipated
 local adaptation in sperm traits that reflect these phenological
 differences among populations. Our analysis of six natural populations
 across a rainfall gradient revealed significant divergence in testes and
 ejaculate traits that correspond with annual rainfall and rainfall
 seasonality; males from the northern and drier edge of the species range
 had significantly smaller testes containing fewer, smaller and less motile
 sperm compared to those from mesic central populations. These findings may
 reflect spatial variation in the strength of postcopulatory sexual
 selection, likely driven by local patterns of precipitation.
description: Data collected from natural populations of the terrestrial
 breeding frog, <i>Pseudophryne guentheri. </i>Sperm traits
 measured using standard protocols (including computer-assisted sperm
 analyses).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k0f
title: Invertebrate community structure predicts natural pest control resilience to insecticide exposure

description: Biological pest control has become one of the central principles of
 ecological intensification in agriculture. However, invertebrate natural
 enemies within agricultural ecosystems are exposed to a myriad of
 different pesticides at both lethal and sub-lethal doses, that may limit
 their capacity to carry out pest control. An important question is how
 underlying diversity in invertebrate predator species, linked to their
 unique susceptibility to insecticides, can act to increase the resilience
 of natural pest control. We explore this issue by assessing the effects of
 sub-lethal insecticide exposure on the predation rates of 12 generalist
 predators feeding on the aphid Sitobion avenae (Aphididae). 
 Predation rates within a 24 hr period were assessed (predation assessment)
 for each species after receiving one of the following treatments: 1) no
 prior deltamethrin exposure before the predation assessment (control); 2)
 deltamethrin exposure immediately before the predation assessment
 (resistance); and 3) deltamethrin exposure five days before the predation
 assessment (recovery). Extrapolating from these species-specific measures
 of resistance and recovery, we predicted the resilience of community level
 predation to insecticide exposure for predator communities associated with
 256 arable fields in the UK. There was large variation in sub-lethal
 effects of the insecticide between even closely related species. This
 ranged from species showing no change in predation rates following
 sub-lethal insecticide exposure (high resistance), species showing only
 immediate depressed feeding rates after 24 hrs (high recovery), or those
 with depressed feeding rates after five days (low resistance and
 recovery). The community level analysis showed that resistance and
 recovery of natural pest control was predicted by both community
 phylogenetic diversity (positively) and weighted mean body mass
 (negatively). However, the removal of numerically dominant species from
 the analysis modified these effects. Synthesis and applications. Our
 results highlight the role of community diversity in maintaining the
 resilience of natural pest control following insecticide use. Importantly,
 less diverse assemblages dominated by predator species that show low
 resilience to insecticide exposure, may show a greater depression in pest
 control than diverse assemblages under insecticide based farmland
 management.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfdg
title: Butterfly species diversity and their floral preferences in the Rupa wetland of Nepal

description: The diversity of butterflies is known to some extent in Nepal, but the
 study of their interactions with nectar plant sources and floral
 attributes is limited. This study was conducted along the periphery of
 Rupa Wetland, a Ramsar site, from February to November 2019 to assess
 butterfly species diversity and to identify the factors influencing their
 foraging choices at nectar plants. We assessed the number of butterfly
 species, their abundance, and their floral foraging behavior, from 28
 linear transects (500 m long each) placed in a stratified and random
 manner throughout the study area. Five factors, i.e., category of plant,
 flower colour, corolla shape, corolla depth, and the proboscis length of
 butterfly species were taken into account to assess the nectar plant
 choices of butterfly families. Moreover, species diversity at the family
 level, and overall, were determined through several indices. When
 examining overall butterfly diversity and abundance, we recorded a total
 of 1,535 butterflies belonging to 138 species within six families. For our
 examination of butterfly-nectar plant observations, we recorded a total of
 298 individuals belonging to 31 species of butterfly visiting a total of
 28 nectar plant species. Among the recorded butterflies, Zemeros flegyas
 was found to be the most abundant (92 individuals), while only a single
 individual each of the species Troides helena, Gandaca herina and Belonois
 aurota were recorded. Of the 28 nectar host plant species, Biden pilosa
 was the most popular and was visited by 13 species of butterflies.
 Overall, total butterfly visitation was found to be significantly
 influenced by plant category (herbaceous preferred over woody), floral
 colour (yellow, white, and purple preferred over pink), and corolla shape
 (tubular preferred over non-tubular).  Moreover, there was a
 significant positive correlation (r = 0.466) between the proboscis length
 of butterflies and the corolla tube length of flowers (p&lt;0.001).
  
description: See section 2.2 and 2.3 in the manuscript
description: We have analysed those csv files in R programming and got those
 results which we have mentioned in the article.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34trq
title: Habitat ranges of central Aegean islands' Oniscidea

description: Aim: To investigate responses of ecological specialization on area and
 environmental heterogeneity using a new metric. Location: Aegean islands
 (Greece) as a case study. Taxon: Terrestrial isopods as a case study.
 Methods: The new metric, ‘ecorichness’, provides an estimate of an
 island’s species in the specialists-generalists spectrum. Species
 presences on each island are replaced with the numbers of habitats they
 exploit in the study system. Values are summed for each island and
 standardized by its species richness, giving the ‘ecorichness’ of each
 island. A data set with terrestrial isopods from 43 Aegean islands, and
 the respective description of habitats they exploit, was used as a case
 study. ‘Ecorichness’ was regressed on area, habitat diversity and the
 Choros model using linear and quadratic models, evaluated based on AICc. A
 reduced data set, without halophiles and coastal habitats, as well as an
 alternative description of habitat diversity, were also explored. The
 Small Island Effect (SIE) thresholds of a path analysis approach and
 piecewise continuous linear models were compared to the area of maximum
 ‘ecorichness’. Results: ‘Ecorichness’ response to area and habitat
 heterogeneity fits best to quadratic models and peaks at an area similar
 to the SIE threshold of path analysis. The different habitat diversity
 description gives similar patterns. Exclusion of coastal species and
 habitats is informative on processes behind the patterns. The latter are
 mostly shaped by the increasing contribution of specialists in assemblages
 of larger islands. Main conclusions: ‘Ecorichness’ is a useful metric to
 explore the role of ecological specialization in shaping community
 patterns. It can be applied on different community data sets, provided
 that information on habitats and habitat range exploitation by species is
 available. Results from the case study are in accordance with previous
 suggestions regarding the relative contribution of generalists and
 specialists in small and large island communities.
description: Data are based on species lists and habitat description given
 by Sfenthourakis (1994: PhD thesis, Univ. of Athens, 1996: Journal of
 Biogeography 23: 687-698) updated to current nomenclature. Each species
 occurrence has been replaced by its habitat range (number of described
 habitats it exploits on the archipelago). The sum of these values for each
 island, divided by its species richness, gives the 'ecorichness'
 value of the island, used to exploit its response to area and other
 parameters.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5x69p8d1b
title: Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches

description: Correction: In the original version of this dataset, the non‐native Prunus
 serotina was incorrectly interchanged with the native Prunus padus, and
 eight individuals of saproxylic beetles were incorrectly removed from the
 data when splitting beetles in saproxylic and non‐saproxylic species. The
 correct tree species is Prunus serotina, and results refer to a total of
 113 species of saproxylic beetles and 30,550 individuals. 1. Tree species
 diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed
 forests. However, knowledge about the conservational importance of single
 tree species and implications for forest management and conservation
 practices are lacking. 2. We exposed freshly cut branch-bundles of 42 tree
 species, representing tree species native and non-native to Europe, under
 sun-exposed and shaded conditions for one year. Afterwards, communities of
 saproxylic beetles were reared ex-situ for two years. We tested for the
 impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha-, beta-, and gamma
 diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. 3. Tree
 species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to
 sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among
 tree species, with highest alpha- and gamma-diversity found in Quercus
 petraea. Red-listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among
 tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition
 of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non-native tree
 species as well as sun-exposed and shaded deadwood. 4. Our study enhances
 the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and
 non-native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To
 improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially
 red-listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species
 diversity and sun exposure into forest management strategies, including
 the enrichment of deadwood from native tree species and with a specific
 focus on locally rare or silvicultural less important tree species.
description: Branch-bundles of 42 tree species were established for one year
 under two different conditions of sun exposure and saproxylic beetles were
 afterwards reared for the two subsequent years.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr49
title: Work that body: fin and body movements determine herbivore feeding performance within the natural reef environment

description: Herbivorous fishes form a keystone component of reef ecosystems, yet the
 functional mechanisms underlying their feeding performance are poorly
 understood. In water, gravity is counter-balanced by buoyancy, hence fish
 are recoiled backwards after every bite they take from the substrate. To
 overcome this recoil and maintain contact with the algae covered
 substrate, fish need to generate thrust while feeding. However, the
 locomotory performance of reef herbivores in the context of feeding has
 hitherto been ignored. We used a 3D high-speed video system to track mouth
 and body kinematics during in-situ feeding strikes of fishes in the genus
 Zebrasoma, while synchronously recording the forces exerted on the
 substrate. These herbivores committed stereotypic and coordinated body and
 fin movements when feeding off the substrate and these movements
 determined algal biomass removed. Specifically, the speed of rapidly
 backing away from the substrate was associated with the magnitude of the
 pull force and the biomass of algae removed from the substrate per feeding
 bout. Our new framework for measuring biting performance in-situ
 demonstrates that coordinated movements of the body and fins play a
 crucial role in herbivore foraging performance and may explain major axes
 of body and fin shape diversification across reef herbivore guilds.
description: An underwater video system, positioned on the algal turf, was
 comprised of two high speed cameras and a synchronized force transducer.
 The system allowed the 3D tracking of the movements of the fish’s body,
 fins and mouth during feeding, while simultaneously measuring the forces
 they exerted on a feeding plate naturally colonized by turf algae. We
 focused on two species of <i>Acanthuridae, Zebrasoma
 xanthurum</i> and <i>Zebrasoma desjardinii</i>
description: Data_for_dryad – this dataset contains kinematic measurements of
 40 feeding events from 16 different fishes of the species Zebrasoma
 xanthurum and Z. desjardinii, and the force they exerted during feeding.
 Measurements were calculated from 13 digitized points, along the fish’s
 body and the feeding plate, and were repeated for every phase of the
 feeding event: “mouth opening”, “mouth closing”, “head-flick” and
 “transport”.  Removal_force_dryad – this dataset
 contains measurements of the force exerted and the amount of algae removed
 from 40 feeding plates which were fed upon by fishes of the species
 Zebrasoma xanthurum and Z. desjardinii
DOI: 10.82294/dvnsaomz7
title: COPUS. Territorio: Norte de Santander. Sector: Cultura. Año: 2023
title: Dato. Observación estructurada con el protocolo COPUS.

description: Información recopilada durante el año 2023 a partir de observaciones estructuradas realizadas con el protocolo COPUS, dirigidas a educadores artísticos pertenecientes a programas de formación en educación artística y cultural del sector Cultura (educación informal) en el departamento de Norte de Santander.