DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98t0x
title: Data from: Genomic and morphological evidence support contemporary three-way interspecific hybridization in ranid frogs

description: Hybridization is increasingly understood as common throughout and beyond
 the speciation process, rather than an anomaly. Sympatric taxa are
 expected to exhibit strong reproductive isolation, and while hybridization
 may occur, it often results in inviable offspring. We investigated
 hybridization among three ranid frogs (Rana areolata, R. palustris, and R.
 sphenocephala) in eastern Oklahoma, where their distributions and breeding
 phenology overlap. Using micro-CT scans of cranial morphology, genomic SNP
 data, and phenological records, we confirmed two putative hybrids
 collected in the field — remarkable given the phylogenetic distance
 between these non-sister taxa. Genomic data show split ancestry from
 parental populations, representing one R. areolata × R. palustris and one
 R. areolata × R. sphenocephala. Cranial morphology indicates hybrids
 exhibit intermediate phenotypes, and our assessment identified a third
 likely hybrid, a specimen collected two decades earlier from the same
 area. Both genetically confirmed hybrids were R. areolata backcrosses, but
 minimal introgression throughout the dataset suggests hybrid fitness may
 be lower than that of parental populations. Hybridization appears
 facilitated by overlapping breeding strategies and ecological factors
 leading to misdirected amplexus. This study provides the first
 documentation of natural hybridization in R. areolata, a species of
 conservation concern throughout its range. Our findings emphasize the
 utility of high-resolution morphological data (micro-CT) in complementing
 genomic approaches for hybrid diagnosis and suggest cranial morphology may
 be an effective method for hybrid identification in similar systems.
 Understanding this atypical three-species hybridization has important
 implications for conservation, as hybrid fitness and introgression can
 influence population dynamics and genetic integrity.
description: # Data from: Genomic and morphological evidence support contemporary
 three-way interspecific hybridization in ranid frogs Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.gqnk98t0x](10.5061/dryad.gqnk98t0x) ## Description of the
 data and file structure All frog tissues were collected under a Letter of
 Authorization from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation
 (W2308), or Scientific Collectors Permits issued to N.R.B. (10372246) or
 O.M.E. (10794524). ### Files and variables #### File: JSON_FILES_RANA.zip
 **Description:** This folder contains JSON files representing 3D landmark
 coordinate data for individual frog specimens used in morphological
 analyses. Each JSON file corresponds to a single specimen. Each JSON file
 is labled by the catalog/field number at the beginning with the exeption
 of KMB0009, which is labled as the reference landmark specimen. Field
 numbers on files that have "KMB" or "OME" correspond
 to catalogued specimens that are listed in appendix 1 in the manuscript:
 KMB 0002 = OMNH 50031, KMB 0009 = OMNH 50032, OME 0001 = OMNH 50009, OME
 0004 = OMNH 50010, OME 0005 = OMNH 50011, OME 0006 = OMNH 50012, OME 0007
 = OMNH 50013, OME 0008 = OMNH 50014, OME 0010 = OMNH 50016, OME 0011 =
 OMNH 50017, OME 0012 = OMNH 50018, OME 0013 = OMNH 50019, OME 0014 = OMNH
 50020, OME 0015 = OMNH 50021, OME 0019 = OMNH 50022, OME 0026 = OMNH
 50023, OME 0029 = OMNH 50025, and OME 0166 = OMNH 50026.  #### File:
 Report-DLitho24-9512.zip **Description:** This compressed archive contains
 SNP data generated using the DArTseq platform for the frog samples
 included in this study. The data were produced by Diversity Arrays
 Technology (DArT ) and are based on a reduced-representation sequencing
 approach optimized for SNP discovery and genotyping. Metadata is included
 in the folder. Metadata.json is a JSON file that contains structured
 metdata about the dartseq dataset.  Metadata.pdf is a pdf file that
 comtains structured description about the metadata in the dartseq datset. 
 Report_DLitho24-9512_SilicoDArT_2.csv is a summary report of the silico
 DArT markers.  Report_DLitho24-9512_SNP_1.csv is the csv file containing
 the main SNP genotype report.  Report_DLitho24-9512_SNP_mapping_1.csv this
 is the SNP mapping report containing genomic mapping information for each
 SNP marker.  #### File: Genomics_Ranid_Hybrids.R **Description:** This R
 script contains the full genomic analysis pipeline used to process and
 analyze SNP data for detecting hybridization among *Rana areolata*, *R.
 sphenocephala*, and *R. palustris*. #### File:
 Morphological_Analysis_Ranid_Hybrids.R **Description:** This R script
 contains the code used to perform morphological analyses of hybrids and
 parental *Rana* species using cranial landmark data.