cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ar7nsr
title: Who Liberalizes? Explaining Preferential Trade Liberalization

description: Despite the growth in research on preferential trade arrangements (PTAs), few studies have systematically explored why some PTAs have been more successful than others at liberalizing trade among members. In this paper I test four hypotheses concerning intra-PTA liberalization: a regional system structure hypothesis, an international institutions hypothesis, a domestic institutions hypothesis, and an economic hypothesis. Although all four types of variables are statistically significant, only international institutions have substantively large effects on intra-PTA liberalization. This suggests that policymakers have considerable latitude to promote integration, as the impact of “choice” variables such as international institutions far outweighs that of “given” factors such as regional system structure or the nature of member economies.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/bxnndr
title: IR and WV channels of geo-stationary satellite platforms

description: IR and WV channels of geo-stationary satellite platforms
description: Latest view .xml bundle for the IDV
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/d1dwvn
title: Replication Data for Characterization of Phaseolus coccineus interspecific germplasm accessions for disease resistance, grain market class and yield attributes

description: P. coccineus interspecific lines (Agronomic quality, resistance levels in Fusarium and Pythium root rot, seed attributes)
description: Replicated yield trial 1 in 2011 season 1 (2011A)
Replicated yield trial 2 in 2012 season 1 (2012A)
Seed attributes
Root rot data
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ol9vd3
title: Replication Data for: Political Orientation, Information and Perceptions of Election Fraud: Evidence from Russia

description: Citizen perceptions of the extent of fraud in a given authoritarian election can differ widely. In this paper, I build on the literature on information acquisition and processing in democracies to argue that much of this variation is due to the way in which citizens’ underlying political orientations affect both the kind of information they gather and how they process information that they do receive. To test the theory, I use observational data and a survey experiment from Russia to show that citizens who differ in their orientation towards the regime also differ in political information and in how they process information. These differences in information acquisition and processing are likely to have important implications for the effect of information in general in contemporary authoritarian regimes and for election monitoring in particular.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/izb8bg
title: Passed Resolves; Resolves 1833, c.14, SC1/series 228, Petition of Daniel Fellows Jr.

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Support for individuals &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25455184"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25455184&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: 1832-12-28 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Edgartown &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: Leavitt Thaxter, Edgartown; committee on claims &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selected signatures:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Daniel Fellows Jr.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Peter Belain&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Abraham Brown&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Actions taken on dates: 1833-01-08,1833-01-09 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action: Received in the House on January 8, 1833 and referred to the committee on claims and sent for concurrence and received in the Senate on January 9, 1833 and concurred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 3 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action summary: Received, referred, sent, received, concurred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legal voter signatures (males not identified as non-legal): 3 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female only signatures: No &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identifications of signatories: guardian, overseers, [males of color], ["guardian of the Indians &c. on Chappaquiddic and Christiantown"] &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayer format was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"&gt;printed&lt;/a&gt; vs. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"&gt;manuscript&lt;/a&gt;: Manuscript &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: additional documents available &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional archivist notes: Chappaquiddick, Polly Madison, Betsy Madison, Betsy Carrol, New Bedford, Indian guardians, helpless &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: Resolves 1833, c.14, passed January 25, 1833 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ocjkyi
title: Replication Data for: A new methodological quest to evaluate South Korean digital diplomacy in US government web domain

description: A dataset and analysis grid were used for the "A new methodological quest to evaluate South Korean digital diplomacy in the US government web domain" journal article.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/phgalp
title: One-Sided Violence in Asymmetric Conflicts 2001-2016

description: This dataset contains asymmetric conflicts for the period of 2001-2016, and the strong/weak actor engagement in one-sided violence respective for each dyad.
description: Uppsala Data Conflict Program (2018)
description: This dataset was compiled as part of an MSc student dissertation.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/pfqube
title: MD simulation hlaB4405_LC13_ABCD3

description: GROMACS trajectory plus pdb configuration for hlaB4405_LC13_ABCD3
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/3wl1hl
title: Wright Files I-Z Edited; Docketed Case: 23280
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/j3bwme
title: FaceBrasil 10

description: Newspaper
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/c7cajy
title: The impact of food assistance on food insecure populations during conflict in Mali

description: Stata do files and part of the analysis data used in the analysis published in the Final Report to 3ie on the project, "The impact of food assistance on food insecure populations during conflict in Mali" (project code TW 6.1039). This project was funded as part of the Humanitarian Assistance Thematic Window.

This data set includes the household survey data from the follow-up survey funded by the 3ie Humanitarian Thematic Window.
description: 3ie has funded only a part of this study. The baseline was funded by the Imperial College, London, and they have ownership of the baseline data. 3ie was given access to this dataset for our internal verification purposes only and we are not permitted to share the baseline data publicly. The dataset shared here contains the endline data with statistical codes for the complete analysis. To access the baseline data and for any queries about the data and code please reach out to Aulo Gelli at a.gelli@cgiar.org
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ju7lqy
title: Zambia (2007): Preliminary Findings on Target Group Profiles and Perceptions about the Brand, Product and Place regarding the Provision of Male Circumcision Services to Men (15 to 30 years)

description: Specifically the research objectives are: a. To describe the attitude, beliefs and social norms towards MC in terms of beliefs to be reinforced and beliefs to be changed. b. To describe the perception towards the MC service/men's health care generally in order to identify the current brand personality and information related to product and place. c. To create at least one archetype of the target group and their opportunity, ability and motivation to process MC communications. d. To describe opportunity, ability and motivation to process marketing and communication activities FoQus on Concept Development consists of a qualitative study used to collect information for designing the concept for social marketing interventions and a process for facilitating decisions about the marketing strategy and mix. In this case the social marketing intervention is MC IEC materials that will be available to potential clients accessing MC services. In addition, the social marketing intervention is also interested in the perceptions of MC services and male reproductive health services (MRH) in order to improve the current MC service provided. Results from the TRaC segmentation table illustrate that the bubbles that have the most impact in the accessing of MC are social norms, attitudes and beliefs. Therefore contextual information on the reasons for use and non use of MC by both those who have undergone MC and those who have not is explored.Individ
ual interviews were held amongst those who have undergone MC and those who have not. The interviews were stratified by age and marital status. Therefore the four interviews that have currently taken place include men aged between 20-30 single and married.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/8flvtz
title: OpenStreetMap Crimea Rivers – SHP file format

description: Rivers in Crimea as traced on OpenStreetMap
(https://www.openstreetmap.org) in SHP file format. See "HGC Description" document for details.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/jmqhjn
title: Overlooked biases from misidentifications of causal structures

description: Supporting code for Cenci, S. Overlooked biases from misidentifications of causal structures The Journal of Finance and Data Science (2024)
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/jjb27h
title: Accounting for the Child in the Transmission of Party Identification

description: Replication files for the manuscript:

Ojeda, Christopher, and Peter Hatemi. 2015. "Accounting for the Child in the Transmission of Party Identification." American Sociological Review 80(6): 1150-1174

DOI: 10.1177/0003122415606101
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/k8xb6
title: House Unpassed Legislation 1850, Docket 2525, SC1/series 230, Petition of David Kelley

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Abolition of capital punishment &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:13481513"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:13481513&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: (unknown) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Yarmouth &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: Ezekiel Crowell, Yarmouth &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selected signatures:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;David Kelley&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Silas Baker&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;William P. Davis&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gideon Crowell&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Kate Akin&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Actions taken on dates: 1850-02-25 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action: Received in the House on February 25, 1850 and tabeled &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 49 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action summary: Received, tabeled &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legal voter signatures (males not identified as non-legal): 27 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female signatures: 7 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Other male signatures: 15 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female only signatures: No &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identifications of signatories: inhabitants, legal voters, females and others, [females], [other males], ["others"] &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayer format was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"&gt;printed&lt;/a&gt; vs. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"&gt;manuscript&lt;/a&gt;: Printed &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Signatory column format: column separated &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: no additional documents &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: House Unpassed 1850, Docket 2525 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/bpozuf
title: Wright Files I-Z Edited; Docketed Case: 19067
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/jd068r
title: Wright Casebook Edited; Docketed Case: 21,635
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/3zkarh
title: Council; Council Files August 29, 1845, Case of Orrin de Wolf, GC3/series 378, Petition of Levi D. Smith

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Execution case &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:12233013"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:12233013&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: (unknown) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Stoneham &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: "To be left at the office of the Hangman, 38 Cornhill Boston" &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selected signatures:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Levi D. Smith&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;John Sprague&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;John J. Brown&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 21 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legal voter signatures (males not identified as non-legal): 21 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female only signatures: No &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identifications of signatories: inhabitants &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayer format was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"&gt;printed&lt;/a&gt; vs. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"&gt;manuscript&lt;/a&gt;: Manuscript &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: additional documents available &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional archivist notes: Orrin de Wolf &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: Governor Council Files, August 29, 1845, Case of Orrin de Wolf &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/8xaepy
title: Simulation Data from "The Impact of Phase Equilibrium Cloud Models on GCM Simulations of GJ1214b"

description: GCM data associated with the paper "The Impact of Phase Equilibrium Cloud Models on GCM Simulations of GJ 1214b" published in MNRAS.
description: The files are identified as gj1214b_(metallicity)_clear.nc for clear sky runs and g1214b_(metallicity)_cloudy_fsed(fsed_value).nc for cloudy runs. Two additional runs, discussed in the paper, are included in this archive: gj1214b_100x_cloudy_fsed0.1_gamma_dist.nc is the test of the gamma distribution and gj1214b_1x_clear_plane_parallel_test.nc is the clear sky run without the pseudo-spherical irradiation.
<br><br>
The data are in NetCDF format and contain the following fields, output every 10 days.
<br><br>
"U COMPNT OF WIND AFTER TS" - Longitudinal wind<br>
"V COMPNT OF WIND AFTER TS" - Latitudinal wind<br>
"W COMPNT OF WIND AFTER TS" - Vertical wind<br>
<br>
"SW HEATING RATES: ALL TIMESTEPS" - Shortwave heating rate, output every 10 days, despite the name.<br>
"LW HEATING RATES" - Longwave heating rate<br>
<br>
"TEMPERATURE ON THETA LEVELS" - Temperature in K<br>
"PRESSURE AT THETA LEVELS AFTER TS" - Pressure in Pa<br>
<br>
For cloudy runs, the adopted mixing rate and cloud properties are also included.<br>
<br>
"Stash Code = 1604" - KCl volume mixing ratio<br>
"Stash Code = 1606" - ZnS volume mixing ratio <br>
"Stash Code = 1614" - reff for KCl clouds<br>
"Stash Code = 1616" - reff for ZnS clouds<br>
"Stash Code = 1620" - Kzz<br>
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/j7is5q
title: Replication Data for: How Interpersonal Contact Affects Appellate Review

description: Replication Data for: "How Interpersonal Contact Affects Appellate Review"
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/8y7ay
title: Senate Unpassed Legislation 1850, Docket 13010, SC1/series 231, Petition of F.D. Lincoln

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Abolition of capital punishment &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:13448950"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:13448950&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: 1850-04-01 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Brimfield &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: Committee on the judiciary &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selected signatures:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;F.D. Lincoln&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;John Newton&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;William Nichols&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Charles Brown&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Actions taken on dates: 1850-04-06 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action: Received in the Senate on April 6, 1850 and referred to the committee on the judiciary &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 42 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action summary: Received, referred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legal voter signatures (males not identified as non-legal): 42 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female only signatures: No &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identifications of signatories: legal voters &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayer format was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"&gt;printed&lt;/a&gt; vs. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"&gt;manuscript&lt;/a&gt;: Manuscript &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: additional documents available &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: Senate Unpassed 1850, Docket 13010 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/dff7nd
title: Unidentified Monograph - Drafts, Data and Resources, 1923-1986

description: &lt;p&gt; This dataset represents a group of paper records (a "series") within the Harvard School of Public Health Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development records, 1918-2015 (inclusive), 1930-1989 (bulk), which can be accessed on-site at the Center for the History of Medicine at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts. The series consists of manuscript drafts, research data, collected publications, and bibliographic citations and notes, generated and compiled by staff of the Harvard School of Public Health Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development, as a product of preparing an unidentified monograph for publication during the thirty year follow-up study.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Research data includes raw, analyzed, assessment, coded, and summarized, and comprises primarily data tables, charts, and IBM computer printouts. Some data is from the original study, but was reused and maintained with the records of the thirty year follow-up study. Topics include: anthropometric measurements; obesity; diet and nutrition; breast feeding; cholesterol; blood pressure; illness; allergies; vision; hearing; tobacco use; reproduction; and social functioning, among others. Series also includes occasional transparencies, growth charts, and photographic negatives and prints of images and figures prepared for publication. Frequent investigators include Isabelle Valadian (born 1920). Some papers are in German, Italian, and Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Data and associated records are accessible onsite at the Center for the History of Medicine per the conditions governing access described below.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Conditions Governing Access to Original Collection Materials: The series represented by this dataverse includes longitudinal patient information that is restricted for 80 years from the most recently dated records in the collection, and Harvard University records that are restricted for 50 years from the date of record creation. Researchers should contact &lt;a href="https://www.countway.harvard.edu/chom/research-and-access"&gt;Public Services&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Harvard School of Public Health Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development records were processed with grant funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as awarded and administered by the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) in 2016. An online finding aid to the collection may be accessed here: &lt;a href="url"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HMS.Count:med00211&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
description: Harvard School of Public Health. Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development Records
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/472buo
title: Replication Data for: Military Leadership, Institutional Change, and Priorities in Military Spending

description: How does political competition among domestic actors influence foreign policy choice? Studies examining these questions often focus on the role of economic or partisan interests, and how they influence the preferences decision-makers who are subject to the electoral institutions and pressures of their constituents. Less attention has been paid to how the preferences of other influential, unelected, actors influence state behavior. I examine the influence of one such group by looking at how American military leaders shape decisions on American military spending and force structure, 
while also examining how these decisions have been affected by changes to the institutions governing civil-military relations. Results indicate that military leaders occupying key positions can influence defense spending priorities in favor of their respective branches. Results also suggest the influence of military leaders has changed over time, and is conditional upon the institutions governing the relationships between civilian decision-makers and military leaders.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/8xu03f
title: Passed Resolves; Resolves 1905, c.96, SC1/series 228, Petition of Charles Darling

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Daniel Webster homestead &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25500506"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25500506&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: (unknown) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Massachusetts &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: Joseph Sherman, Marshfield; committee on harbors and public lands &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selected signatures:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Charles Darling&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;James P. Maloney&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Charles F. Remington&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Actions taken on dates: 1905-02-16,1905-02-17 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action: Received in the House on February 16, 1905 and referred to the committee on harbors and public lands and sent for concurrence and received in the Senate on February 17, 1905 and concurred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 4 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action summary: Received, referred, sent, received, concurred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legal voter signatures (males not identified as non-legal): 4 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female only signatures: No &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identifications of signatories: citizens, ["others"] &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayer format was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"&gt;printed&lt;/a&gt; vs. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"&gt;manuscript&lt;/a&gt;: Printed &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: additional documents available &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional archivist notes: memorial reservation, Marshfield &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: Resolves 1905, c.96, passed May 24, 1905 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;