cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513451.v1
title: Photocatalytic degradation of an organophosphorus pesticide from agricultural waste by immobilized TiO2 under solar radiation

description: This paper describes solar heterogeneous photocatalysis using immobilized TiO2 applied in the treatment of agricultural waste resulting from the application of commercial formulations of methyl parathion. The disappearance of the insecticide, as well as the formation of its metabolite, was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), while mineralization efficiency was monitored by measurements of total organic carbon (TOC). Toxicity studies were performed using the microcrustacean Artemia salina. The TOC removal efficiency by photocatalytic process was 48.5%. After 45 minutes of treatment, the removal efficiency of methyl parathion was 90%, being completely mineralized at the end of treatment. The formation and removal of the metabolite methyl paraoxon was observed during the photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic treatment resulted in increased microcrustacean mobility, indicating a reduction of acute toxicity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511210
title: Nutrient content in maize fertilized with tannery sludge vermicompost and irrigated with domestic wastewater

description: This study analyzed the macro and micronutrient content of maize leaves (Zea mays L.) grown in soil containing tannery sludge vermicomposting and irrigated with wastewater. The arrangement of the treatments consisted of a factorial 2x6 (two types of irrigation and six kinds of fertilizer) in a completely randomized design, with five repetitions, totaling sixty experimental units. The following experimental units, irrigated with supply water (A) and household wastewater (R), were established: (T1) Control Soil, with no chemical fertilization and no vermicomposting; (T2) Soil + NPK; (T3) Soil + primary sludge vermicompost; (T4) Soil + P + primary sludge vermicompost; (T5) Soil + P + liming sludge vermicompost; and (T6) Soil + liming sludge vermicompost. For the leaf-tissue analysis, the opposite whole leaf below the first (upper) ear was collected from each plant, excluding the midrib at the onset of the female inflorescence. The results showed that both wastewater and the tannery sludge vermicomposts can be a good source of nutrients for maize plants, since the macro and micronutrients in the leaves of plants were satisfactory and no signs or symptoms of toxicity were observed. While leaf analysis alone is insufficient to assess the nutritional status of plants, this study innovatively suggests the potential beneficial use of a combination of wastewater and tannery sludge vermicompost in the cultivation of corn, motivating new research.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511210.v1
title: Nutrient content in maize fertilized with tannery sludge vermicompost and irrigated with domestic wastewater

description: This study analyzed the macro and micronutrient content of maize leaves (Zea mays L.) grown in soil containing tannery sludge vermicomposting and irrigated with wastewater. The arrangement of the treatments consisted of a factorial 2x6 (two types of irrigation and six kinds of fertilizer) in a completely randomized design, with five repetitions, totaling sixty experimental units. The following experimental units, irrigated with supply water (A) and household wastewater (R), were established: (T1) Control Soil, with no chemical fertilization and no vermicomposting; (T2) Soil + NPK; (T3) Soil + primary sludge vermicompost; (T4) Soil + P + primary sludge vermicompost; (T5) Soil + P + liming sludge vermicompost; and (T6) Soil + liming sludge vermicompost. For the leaf-tissue analysis, the opposite whole leaf below the first (upper) ear was collected from each plant, excluding the midrib at the onset of the female inflorescence. The results showed that both wastewater and the tannery sludge vermicomposts can be a good source of nutrients for maize plants, since the macro and micronutrients in the leaves of plants were satisfactory and no signs or symptoms of toxicity were observed. While leaf analysis alone is insufficient to assess the nutritional status of plants, this study innovatively suggests the potential beneficial use of a combination of wastewater and tannery sludge vermicompost in the cultivation of corn, motivating new research.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518455
title: Spatial distribution of the CO2 stream in archaeological dark earth area under cocoa and coffee cultivation in the municipality of Apuí, AM, Brazil

description: The Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) are soils that can hold up to six times more organic carbon than surrounding soils without anthropic horizons, thus assuming higher CO2 emissions from these soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of CO2 efflux, temperature and soil moisture in an Archaeological Dark Earth area under cocoa and coffee cultivation in the municipality of Apuí, AM, Brazil. Sample grids of 42 x 80 m were set up, with space between points of 8 x 6 x 10 m and 10 m, respectively, for the cocoa and coffee areas. After data of CO2 efflux, temperature and humidity of the soil were collected, descriptive statistics and geostatistics analyses were done. The results showed that the evaluated parameters exhibited spatial dependence reaching a range of 25 to 40 m for CO2 stream ADE area with cocoa. The CO2 efflux in the cocoa area was higher, with an average value of 5.49 µmol m-2 s-1, compared to 3.99 µmol m-2 s-1 in the area of coffee CO2.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518455.v1
title: Spatial distribution of the CO2 stream in archaeological dark earth area under cocoa and coffee cultivation in the municipality of Apuí, AM, Brazil

description: The Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) are soils that can hold up to six times more organic carbon than surrounding soils without anthropic horizons, thus assuming higher CO2 emissions from these soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of CO2 efflux, temperature and soil moisture in an Archaeological Dark Earth area under cocoa and coffee cultivation in the municipality of Apuí, AM, Brazil. Sample grids of 42 x 80 m were set up, with space between points of 8 x 6 x 10 m and 10 m, respectively, for the cocoa and coffee areas. After data of CO2 efflux, temperature and humidity of the soil were collected, descriptive statistics and geostatistics analyses were done. The results showed that the evaluated parameters exhibited spatial dependence reaching a range of 25 to 40 m for CO2 stream ADE area with cocoa. The CO2 efflux in the cocoa area was higher, with an average value of 5.49 µmol m-2 s-1, compared to 3.99 µmol m-2 s-1 in the area of coffee CO2.
DOI: 10.17632/cv793bnw35.2
title: Effect of tissue microenvironment on fibrous capsule formation to biomaterial-coated implants

description: The foreign body reaction (FBR) describes the host response towards material implants, including inflammation and the development of fibrotic scar tissue growth which encapsulates the biomaterial. This study sought to assess the contributions of microenvironment on the FBR, and specifically the fibrotic FBR in the uterine cavity, which is known to be immune privileged and naturally tolerant to foreign bodies. Here, we designed various materials using electrospinning to provoke fibrosis, which eluted sclerosing agents to cause inflammation. For this study, we screened the sclerosing agents doxycycline (Dox), silver nitrate (SN), and polidocanol (PD). We additionally investigated three polymer blends. First, we studied a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to achieve burst release of the sclerosing agents to capture just the initial acute inflammatory phase of the FBR. Second, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were studied to achieve sustained sclerosing agent release and persistent implant presence. Finally, we added gelatin (Gel) to the PLGA/PCL blend to assess the contribution of improved cell attachment to the material on fibrosis. Materials were characterized for fiber diameter, drug release rates, and encapsulation efficiency. Electrospinning could formulate all the physicochemically diverse sclerosing agents into solid dosage forms. PVA/PEO materials fully dissolve within one hour and release all encapsulated drug. Polyester materials achieved drug release up to 10 days. In vitro, the materials were further studied for the capability to induce a fibrotic FBR via macrophage cytokine expression and fibroblast attachment. We hypothesized that a highly fibrotic FBR would require expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), as well as pro-healing interleukin 10 (IL-10). PVA/PEO blends induced some expression of TNF-α, but did not induce significant expression of IL-1β or IL-10. Some polyester fiber blends did achieve elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as IL-10. In vivo, we first measured the resulting FBR subcutaneously in mice to ensure a fibrotic response in a standard model for assessing the FBR. Masson's trichrome stained images show a collagen rich fibrotic capsule in response to the PLGA/PCL/Gel/SN implant, further supported by a scoring system of the FBR. This material blend was selected to be integrated onto an IUD for intrauterine study in a non-human primate baboon model. No abnormal tissue response was observed in the histology towards the materials or devices. These data suggest that the intrauterine fibrotic FBR is dampened in comparison to other tissue microenvironments, potentially due to immune privilege.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509440.v1
title: Integrated assessment of chemical quality and genotoxicity of the water of the Luiz Rau Stream in the lower stretch of the Sinos River Basin, in South Brazil

description: This study assessed the chemical quality and genotoxicity of the water of the Luiz Rau Stream in Novo Hamburgo (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) and investigated the relationship between the genetic damage observed in Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea and the chemical parameters analyzed. Water samplings were collected bimonthly from September 2012 to March 2013 from two sites, near the headspring (S1) and near the mouth (S2). Cuttings with flower buds were exposed to water from the sites and distilled water (negative control). Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in pollen mother cells. The chemical parameters analyzed were pH, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand (DBO5), dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus (TP) and the trace elements cadmium, lead, copper, total chromium and zinc. In all samplings, the MCN frequencies observed in buds exposed to water from both sites were significantly higher (S1: 2.48 to 3.38, S2: 3.24 to 5.19) than those observed in the respective negative controls (1.33 to 1.62). The TP was above the legal limit throughout the monitored period and DBO5 presented concentrations higher than those established by legislation in two months at S1 and three months at S2. The principal component analysis showed a relationship between MCN frequency, DBO5 and TP, pointing to the negative influence of pollutants present in water on the bioindicator species and reinforcing the importance of considering the environmental factors in an integrated way in water-body monitoring programs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509440
title: Integrated assessment of chemical quality and genotoxicity of the water of the Luiz Rau Stream in the lower stretch of the Sinos River Basin, in South Brazil

description: This study assessed the chemical quality and genotoxicity of the water of the Luiz Rau Stream in Novo Hamburgo (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) and investigated the relationship between the genetic damage observed in Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea and the chemical parameters analyzed. Water samplings were collected bimonthly from September 2012 to March 2013 from two sites, near the headspring (S1) and near the mouth (S2). Cuttings with flower buds were exposed to water from the sites and distilled water (negative control). Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in pollen mother cells. The chemical parameters analyzed were pH, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand (DBO5), dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus (TP) and the trace elements cadmium, lead, copper, total chromium and zinc. In all samplings, the MCN frequencies observed in buds exposed to water from both sites were significantly higher (S1: 2.48 to 3.38, S2: 3.24 to 5.19) than those observed in the respective negative controls (1.33 to 1.62). The TP was above the legal limit throughout the monitored period and DBO5 presented concentrations higher than those established by legislation in two months at S1 and three months at S2. The principal component analysis showed a relationship between MCN frequency, DBO5 and TP, pointing to the negative influence of pollutants present in water on the bioindicator species and reinforcing the importance of considering the environmental factors in an integrated way in water-body monitoring programs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513562
title: Water reuse potential in truck wash using a Rotating Biological Contactor

description: This study evaluated the water reuse potential for truck washing using the effluent treated by a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) operated in full scale. In order to evaluate the reuse potential, a mass balance was performed for the reuse system taking into account the concentration of Total Dissolved Solids as the critical contaminant. The treatment system produced an effluent with average concentration of color, turbidity, TDS and BOD5 of 45 ± 14 uC, 15 ± 6.0 NTU, 244 ± 99 mg TDS / L and 14 ± 7.3 mg O2 / L, respectively. Based on the mass balance, and considering the TDS concentration established in NBR 13.696, if the final rinse does not use clean water, the potential for effluent reuse can reach 40%. However, if clean water is used as 30% of the total rinsing volume, it would be possible to reuse 70% of the treated effluent without compromising truck washing performance. This water reuse approach would result in an operational cost reduction of R$ 2,590.75/month.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513562.v1
title: Water reuse potential in truck wash using a Rotating Biological Contactor

description: This study evaluated the water reuse potential for truck washing using the effluent treated by a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) operated in full scale. In order to evaluate the reuse potential, a mass balance was performed for the reuse system taking into account the concentration of Total Dissolved Solids as the critical contaminant. The treatment system produced an effluent with average concentration of color, turbidity, TDS and BOD5 of 45 ± 14 uC, 15 ± 6.0 NTU, 244 ± 99 mg TDS / L and 14 ± 7.3 mg O2 / L, respectively. Based on the mass balance, and considering the TDS concentration established in NBR 13.696, if the final rinse does not use clean water, the potential for effluent reuse can reach 40%. However, if clean water is used as 30% of the total rinsing volume, it would be possible to reuse 70% of the treated effluent without compromising truck washing performance. This water reuse approach would result in an operational cost reduction of R$ 2,590.75/month.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513769.v1
title: Clouds cover variability in São Paulo

description: Clouds cover observations are performed by visual inspection which determines the fraction of the sky that is overcast. However, visual observation of clouds cover is a very subjective method, and can vary significantly among observers. This study examined the variability in clouds cover over the city of São Paulo between 1961 and 2013, using clouds cover fraction data observed at the weather station operated by IAG / USP. The study also used two techniques based on visible radiance data observed by the GOES-10 satellite in order to indirectly estimate clouds cover. In order to ensure consistency, the estimated and observed cloudiness was compared with the clearness index, which is the ratio between the total solar radiation observed at the weather station and the incoming solar irradiation at the top of atmosphere. The study found consistency between the various databases that showed similar behavior in all of the seasons of the year. The largest cloudiness values occurred in the summer and lowest in the winter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513769
title: Clouds cover variability in São Paulo

description: Clouds cover observations are performed by visual inspection which determines the fraction of the sky that is overcast. However, visual observation of clouds cover is a very subjective method, and can vary significantly among observers. This study examined the variability in clouds cover over the city of São Paulo between 1961 and 2013, using clouds cover fraction data observed at the weather station operated by IAG / USP. The study also used two techniques based on visible radiance data observed by the GOES-10 satellite in order to indirectly estimate clouds cover. In order to ensure consistency, the estimated and observed cloudiness was compared with the clearness index, which is the ratio between the total solar radiation observed at the weather station and the incoming solar irradiation at the top of atmosphere. The study found consistency between the various databases that showed similar behavior in all of the seasons of the year. The largest cloudiness values occurred in the summer and lowest in the winter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518167
title: Disposal of iron tailings in reservoirs: a GPR application

description: A large volume of waste is generated by iron mining in Brazil, and the amount has been rapidly increasing. The waste is usually stored in large piles or in reservoirs formed by tailings dams, which occupy large areas in the mining complex. The limitation of natural resources and of new areas for waste disposal has led to change in paradigms. This study therefore aimed to apply a geophysical technique, known as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), in order to define sedimentation patterns in the subsurface reservoir created by Diogo's tailings dam in Rio Piracicaba in Minas Gerais, Brazil. To assist the recognition of patterns captured by the GPR, subsurface material samples were collected and analyzed for mineralogical composition, moisture content, electrical conductivity, mineralogical analysis, particle size, X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence. The results indicated that areas with tailings that had high concentrations of hematite (around 60% in the mineralogical analysis) altered the reflection patterns. The presence of water generated some multiple reflections, which were less significant in shallower sites with more waste and more significant in deeper sites with less waste. In general, the application of the GPR was feasible in aquatic environments with rich subsurface hematite deposits.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518167.v1
title: Disposal of iron tailings in reservoirs: a GPR application

description: A large volume of waste is generated by iron mining in Brazil, and the amount has been rapidly increasing. The waste is usually stored in large piles or in reservoirs formed by tailings dams, which occupy large areas in the mining complex. The limitation of natural resources and of new areas for waste disposal has led to change in paradigms. This study therefore aimed to apply a geophysical technique, known as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), in order to define sedimentation patterns in the subsurface reservoir created by Diogo's tailings dam in Rio Piracicaba in Minas Gerais, Brazil. To assist the recognition of patterns captured by the GPR, subsurface material samples were collected and analyzed for mineralogical composition, moisture content, electrical conductivity, mineralogical analysis, particle size, X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence. The results indicated that areas with tailings that had high concentrations of hematite (around 60% in the mineralogical analysis) altered the reflection patterns. The presence of water generated some multiple reflections, which were less significant in shallower sites with more waste and more significant in deeper sites with less waste. In general, the application of the GPR was feasible in aquatic environments with rich subsurface hematite deposits.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507016.v1
title: Water balance model evaluation based on an estimate of potential recharge

description: The free aquifer recharge is a process of major importance in groundwater hydrology because it represents the renewable reserves of the water source. A good estimate of this variable is therefore critical to the proper management of water resources, particularly in light of climate variability inherent to the climate regime, as well as the increasing of surface water pollution and increased demand for good quality water groundwater. This study used a water balance model in soil to estimate the potential recharge (Rp) of the unconfined aquifer and the other components of the hydrological cycle. The model was applied in two watershed headwaters of the Rio Grande in Minas Gerais, Brazil: the Lavrinha River Basin (BHRL) and the Marcela River Basin (BHRM). The BHRL presents higher values of Rp, with an annual average of 895 mm, which corresponds to 40% of rainfall, while at the BHRM these values were 393.3 mm and 25%, respectively. The base runoff values confirm the greater recharge in BRHL, where this hydrograph component corresponded to 76% of the total discharge, compared with 40% for BHRM. The BALSEQ model allowed us to capture this difference, but the results were satisfactory for only one of the years in the BHRL and for the entire period for the BHRM, which reinforces the need to use this model for long time periods.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512755
title: Land use impacts on water resources of the Manacás Lake Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil

description: The 134.68 ha campus of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) is in urban area impacted by new developments. The population of 27,600 consumers causes the loss of green areas and generates increasing waste and sewage water. This study evaluated the impact of UFJF Campus activities on water quality, emphasizing the Manacás Lake Basin (MLB). The evaluation was based on five monitoring points: a spring (P1) and the four mouths of the streams that flow into Manacás Lake (P2 to P5). Water samples were collected monthly between November 2013 and October 2014, and pH, DO, COD, Conductivity and Turbidity were analyzed. The results showed that the DO increases from the spring (P1) to the mouth (P2), with low values at the other points, and a median of 1.3 mg L-1 at P5. COD does not follow a pattern, registering medians higher than 6 mgO2 L-1 at all points, highlighting P4 with 25.5 mgO2 L-1, the sub-basin which contains most of the Labs. Worse turbidity was found at P5, with 39.42 UNT, coinciding with the sub-basin most affected by construction. Conductivity gradually increased from P1 to P2, and medians were not statically different for P3, P4, and P5. Manacá Lake is Class 2 according to CONAMA resolution Nº 357/2005, but the results showed that the DO at P4 and P5 has values of Class 4 water, with frequent anaerobiosis.