DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cfxpnvx5q
title: Data set from: Phylogenetic structure of alien plant species pools from European donor habitats

description: Aim. Many plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We
 tested whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European
 habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that
 have naturalized outside Europe (habitat’s donor role) and whether the
 donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than
 expected by chance. Location. Europe (native range), the rest of the World
 (invaded range). Time period. Last c. 100 years. Major taxa studied.
 Angiospermae. Methods. We selected 33 habitats in Europe and analyzed
 their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have
 naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each
 habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise
 phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b)
 subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that
 have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the
 phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitats’
 donor role. Results. Habitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans
 often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the
 clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside
 Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less
 human-influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered
 to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing
 random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat
 groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats. Main conclusions.
 European human-influenced habitats donate closely related species that
 often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural
 habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological
 strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded
 range. However, in most cases, the naturalized species donated are
 phylogenetically random subsets of the donor habitats’ species pools. Aim.
 Many plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We tested
 whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European
 habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that
 have naturalized outside Europe (habitat’s donor role) and whether the
 donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than
 expected by chance. Location. Europe (native range), the rest of the World
 (invaded range). Time period. Last c. 100 years. Major taxa studied.
 Angiospermae. Methods. We selected 33 habitats in Europe and analyzed
 their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have
 naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each
 habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise
 phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b)
 subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that
 have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the
 phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitats’
 donor role. Results. Habitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans
 often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the
 clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside
 Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less
 human-influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered
 to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing
 random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat
 groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats. Main conclusions.
 European human-influenced habitats donate closely related species that
 often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural
 habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological
 strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded
 range. However, in most cases, the naturalized species donated are
 phylogenetically random subsets of the donor habitats’ species pools.
description: We derived data on European vegetated habitats from
 EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al., 2016), which categorizes European
 vegetation into vegetation classes, each supplemented by a list of
 typical/diagnostic plant species.  We merged vegetation
 classes and their respective species lists into 33 broader categories of
 European donor habitats. We merged all subspecies and
 varieties contained in the source species lists to the species
 level.  We standardized the species nomenclature
 following The Plant List (TPL, v1.1, http://www.theplantlist.org) using
 the package ‘Taxonstand’, v1.0 (Cayuela, Granzow-de la Cerda, Albuquerque,
 Golicher, 2012) in R v4.0.3 (R Core Team, 2020).  We
 restricted our data set to angiosperm species that are native to Europe
 and have a known association to European habitats.
 Within the species list, and using the GloNAF database (v1.1; van
 Kleunen, Dawson, Essl, et al., 2015; Pyšek et al., 2017), we identified
 European native plant species that have naturalized outside
 Europe.  European native species that have naturalized
 outside Europe are called native naturalized species, and those that have
 not naturalized outside Europe are called native non-naturalized
 species.  
description: For further explanation please read README.txt