cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127613.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Mild Kidney Dysfunction with Silent Brain Lesions in Neurologically Normal Subjects

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been closely associated with stroke. Although a large number of studies reported the relationship between CKD and different types of asymptomatic brain lesions, few comprehensive analyses have been performed for all types of silent brain lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a cross-sectional study involving 1,937 neurologically normal subjects (mean age 59.4 years). Mild CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> or positive proteinuria. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of mild CKD was 8.7%. Univariate analysis revealed an association between CKD and all silent brain lesions, including silent brain infarction, periventricular hyperintensity, subcortical white matter lesion, and microbleeds, in addition to hypertension and diabetes mellitus after adjusting for age and sex. In binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of CKD was a significant risk factor for all types of silent brain lesions, independent of other risk factors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results suggest that mild CKD is independently associated with all types of silent brain lesions, even in neurologically normal subjects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127598
title: Supplementary Material for: Detection of Small Changes in Psoriasis Intensity with PrecisePASI

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the score of choice to grade psoriasis severity and detect clinical changes. Due to low resolution based on the calculation of the score by fixed area classes, PASI scores &lt;10 have little value. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> At 756 patient examinations, psoriasis activity was measured with both PASI and PrecisePASI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PrecisePASI has a linear increase while PASI has a staircase pattern. Both scores meet at the endpoint-relevant values of body surface area (BSA) 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90%. PASI and PrecisePASI correlate significantly over the whole range of BSA. In the region of BSA &lt;5%, PrecisePASI shows a significantly higher resolution (p &lt; 0.0001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The calculation of PrecisePASI corrects the undesired inaccuracies of PASI in the lower BSA ranges and is a tool to use as an endpoint in trials aiming to detect differences in the lower ranges of BSA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127592
title: Supplementary Material for: Expression of Plasma microRNA-1/21/ 208a/499 in Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to measure changes in the levels of several miRNAs during open-heart surgery and to investigate the relationship between these changes and cardiac biomarkers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Creatine kinase-muscle band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (cTnI) and miRNA (miR-1/21/208a/499) levels were measured during open-heart surgery in 15 patients undergoing combined mitral and aortic valve replacement. The levels of these markers were measured presurgically, 45 min after aortic clamping, 60 min after reperfusion and 24 h after surgery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Significant differences were found in miR-1/208a/499 levels but not in miR-21 levels. miR-1/208a levels were unchanged until 45 min after aortic clamping, increased 60 min after reperfusion (p &lt; 0.001) and decreased significantly 24 h after surgery (p &lt; 0.001). The changes in miR-1/208a levels exhibited a similar pattern to those observed for cTnI and CK-MB, although the changes in miR-208a levels reflected more rapidly than those in miR-1 levels. miR-499 levels decreased after reperfusion (p &lt; 0.001) until 24 h after surgery; these levels were negatively correlated with cTnI and CK-MB levels at all of the time points. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A time-dependent change in miR-1/208a/499 levels occurred during open-heart surgery, and these were associated with levels of cTnI and CK-MB. These results reveal that miRNAs may be sensitive biomarkers for I/R injury during open-heart surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127595
title: Supplementary Material for: Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Plus Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Coadministration Therapy in Short Children with Low Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Growth Hormone Sufficiency: Results from a Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Active Treatment-Controlled Trial

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) both contribute to growth. To determine if recombinant human (rh)GH + rhIGF-1 therapy is more effective than rhGH alone to treat short stature, we assessed the efficacy and safety of coadministered rhGH + rhIGF-1 in short children with GH sufficiency and low IGF-1. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a 3-year, randomized, multicenter, open-label trial, patients with height SD score ≤−2.0 and IGF-1 SD score ≤−1.0 for age and sex, and with stimulated GH ≥10 ng/ml for age and sex, were randomized to receive (all doses in µg/kg/day): 45 rhGH alone (group A), 45 rhGH + 50 rhIGF-1 (group B), 45 rhGH + 100 rhIGF-1 (group C) or 45 rhGH + 150 rhIGF-1 (group D). Height velocity (HV) and Δ height SD score were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The first-year HV (modified intention-to-treat population) was 9.3 ± 1.7 cm/year (group A), 10.1 ± 1.3 cm/year (group B), 9.7 ± 2.5 cm/year (group C) and 11.2 ± 2.1 cm/year (group D) (p = 0.001 for groups A vs. D). This effect was sustained, resulting in a height SD score improvement during the second and third years. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild and transient. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In children with short stature, GH sufficiency and low IGF-1, coadministration of rhGH/rhIGF-1 (45/150 µg/kg) significantly accelerated linear growth compared with rhGH alone, with a safety profile similar to the individual monotherapies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127589
title: Supplementary Material for: Impact of in vitro Costimulation with TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 Agonists and HIV-1 on Antigen-Presenting Cell Activation

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> HIV-1 infects several immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes, which contributes in both to dissemination of HIV-1 infection and induction of antiviral immunity. These cells produce high amounts of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. During HIV-1 infection, an altered production of proinflammatory cytokines has been reported. However, the mechanisms underlying cytokine modulation have not been well described. Here, we evaluated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs and monocytes costimulated in vitro with TLR agonists and HIV-1. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Changes in cytokine expression by real-time PCR and activation of DCs and monocytes by flow cytometry were evaluated after costimulation with HIV-1 and TLR agonists. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We observed an upregulation of TNF-α expression after TLR4 stimulation, but a downregulation of IL-6 when TLR2/TLR9 were stimulated. Interestingly, the expression of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules in monocytes and DCs were significantly increased in cells challenged with HIV-1 and TLR2/TLR4/TLR9 agonists. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 production and changes in the expression of costimulatory molecules can be critical in the context of HIV-1 infection, by favoring the antigen-presenting cell activation through the stimulation of TLRs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127586
title: Supplementary Material for: Variation in Risk and Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite standardized definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI), there is wide variation in the reported rates of AKI and hospital mortality for patients with AKI. Variation could be due to actual differences in disease incidence, clinical course, or a function of data ascertainment and application of diagnostic criteria. Using standard criteria may help determine and compare the risk and outcomes of AKI across centers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units at six hospitals in four countries, we used KDIGO criteria to define AKI. The main outcomes were the occurrence of AKI and hospital mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 15,132 critically ill patients, 32% developed AKI based on serum creatinine criteria. After adjusting for differences in age, sex, and severity of illness, the odds ratio for AKI continued to vary across centers (odds ratio (OR), 2.57-6.04, p &lt; 0.001). The overall, crude hospital mortality of patients with AKI was 27%, which also varied across centers after adjusting for KDIGO stage, differences in age, sex, and severity of illness (OR, 1.13-2.20, p &lt; 0.001). The severity of AKI was associated with incremental mortality risk across centers. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In this study, the absolute and severity-adjusted rates of AKI and hospital mortality rates for AKI varied across centers. Future studies should examine whether variation in the risk of AKI among centers is due to differences in clinical practice or process of care or residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127592.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Expression of Plasma microRNA-1/21/ 208a/499 in Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to measure changes in the levels of several miRNAs during open-heart surgery and to investigate the relationship between these changes and cardiac biomarkers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Creatine kinase-muscle band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (cTnI) and miRNA (miR-1/21/208a/499) levels were measured during open-heart surgery in 15 patients undergoing combined mitral and aortic valve replacement. The levels of these markers were measured presurgically, 45 min after aortic clamping, 60 min after reperfusion and 24 h after surgery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Significant differences were found in miR-1/208a/499 levels but not in miR-21 levels. miR-1/208a levels were unchanged until 45 min after aortic clamping, increased 60 min after reperfusion (p &lt; 0.001) and decreased significantly 24 h after surgery (p &lt; 0.001). The changes in miR-1/208a levels exhibited a similar pattern to those observed for cTnI and CK-MB, although the changes in miR-208a levels reflected more rapidly than those in miR-1 levels. miR-499 levels decreased after reperfusion (p &lt; 0.001) until 24 h after surgery; these levels were negatively correlated with cTnI and CK-MB levels at all of the time points. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A time-dependent change in miR-1/208a/499 levels occurred during open-heart surgery, and these were associated with levels of cTnI and CK-MB. These results reveal that miRNAs may be sensitive biomarkers for I/R injury during open-heart surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127577
title: Supplementary Material for: Spectral Tuning in the Eyes of Deep-Sea Lanternfishes (Myctophidae): A Novel Sexually Dimorphic Intra-Ocular Filter

description: Deep-sea fishes possess several adaptations to facilitate vision where light detection is pushed to its limit. Lanternfishes (Myctophidae), one of the world's most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes, possess a novel and unique visual specialisation, a sexually dimorphic photostable yellow pigmentation, constituting the first record of a visual sexual dimorphism in any non-primate vertebrate. The topographic distribution of the yellow pigmentation across the retina is species specific, varying in location, shape and size. Spectrophotometric analyses reveal that this new retinal specialisation differs between species in terms of composition and acts as a filter, absorbing maximally between 356 and 443 nm. Microspectrophotometry and molecular analyses indicate that the species containing this pigmentation also possess at least 2 spectrally distinct rod visual pigments as a result of a duplication of the <i>Rh1</i> opsin gene. After modelling the effect of the yellow pigmentation on photoreceptor spectral sensitivity, we suggest that this unique specialisation acts as a filter to enhance contrast, thereby improving the detection of bioluminescent emissions and possibly fluorescence in the extreme environment of the deep sea. The fact that this yellow pigmentation is species specific, sexually dimorphic and isolated within specific parts of the retina indicates an evolutionary pressure to visualise prey/predators/mates in a particular part of each species' visual field.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127583
title: Supplementary Material for: An Intervention Study of Individual, apoE Genotype-Based Dietary and Physical-Activity Advice: Impact on Health Behavior

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To assess the behavioral effects of receiving personal genetic information, using apoE genotypes as a tool for promoting lifestyle changes. apoE was chosen because it has a significant impact on lipid metabolism and cholesterol absorption, both factors in cardiovascular disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was a 1-year intervention study of healthy adults aged 20-67 years (n = 107). Their behavioral changes were measured by diet (e.g., fat quality, as well as consumption of vegetables, berries, fruits, and fatty and sugary foods), alcohol consumption, and exercise. Health and taste attitudes were assessed with the Health and Taste Attitude Scales (HTAS). The measurements were performed 4 times: at baseline (T0), as well as 10 weeks (T1), 6 months (T2), and 12 months after baseline (T3). These behavioral effects were assessed for three groups: a high-risk (Ɛ4+; n = 16), a low-risk (Ɛ4-; n = 35), and a control group (n = 56). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Personal genetic information affected health behavior. Dietary fat quality improved more in the Ɛ4+ group than in the Ɛ4- and control groups after personal, genotype-based health advice. This change differed significantly between the Ɛ4+ and the control group (p &lt; 0.05), but only for a short time. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Personal genetic information, based on apoE, may affect dietary fat quality. More research is required to determine how to utilize genotype-based health information and how to efficiently achieve long-term changes in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127586.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Variation in Risk and Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite standardized definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI), there is wide variation in the reported rates of AKI and hospital mortality for patients with AKI. Variation could be due to actual differences in disease incidence, clinical course, or a function of data ascertainment and application of diagnostic criteria. Using standard criteria may help determine and compare the risk and outcomes of AKI across centers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units at six hospitals in four countries, we used KDIGO criteria to define AKI. The main outcomes were the occurrence of AKI and hospital mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 15,132 critically ill patients, 32% developed AKI based on serum creatinine criteria. After adjusting for differences in age, sex, and severity of illness, the odds ratio for AKI continued to vary across centers (odds ratio (OR), 2.57-6.04, p &lt; 0.001). The overall, crude hospital mortality of patients with AKI was 27%, which also varied across centers after adjusting for KDIGO stage, differences in age, sex, and severity of illness (OR, 1.13-2.20, p &lt; 0.001). The severity of AKI was associated with incremental mortality risk across centers. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In this study, the absolute and severity-adjusted rates of AKI and hospital mortality rates for AKI varied across centers. Future studies should examine whether variation in the risk of AKI among centers is due to differences in clinical practice or process of care or residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127580
title: Supplementary Material for: Rapid Bioassay for Detection of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies Using Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Gated Calcium Channel and Aequorin

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) are known to be responsible for hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease (GD). The conventional methods to measure TSAb depend on cell-based assays that require cumbersome procedures and a sterilized tissue culture technique. The aim of the present study was to develop a ready-to-use cell-based assay for measuring TSAb activity without requiring sterilized conditions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We developed a new assay kit using a frozen Chinese hamster ovary cell line expressing the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-gated calcium channel and aequorin, tentatively named the aequorin TSAb assay. Activated stimulatory G-protein-coupled adenylate cyclase increases intracellular cAMP, which then binds to the cyclic nucleotide-gated calcium channel. Activation of this channel allows Ca<sup>2+</sup> to enter the cell, and the influx of Ca<sup>2+</sup> can be measured with aequorin, which is quantified by a luminometer. Results can be obtained in only 4 h without sterilized conditions. TSAb activities were expressed by international units using the NIBSC 08/204 standard. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Positive results of aequorin TSAb were obtained in 197 of 199 (98.9%) of untreated patients with GD. Only 1 of 42 (2.3%) patients with painless thyroiditis had a weakly positive aequorin TSAb. All 45 patients with subacute thyroiditis and 185 normal subjects showed negative aequorin TSAb. As for chronic thyroiditis, all 52 euthyroid patients showed negative aequorin TSAb, but 8 of 50 (16.0%) hypothyroid patients had a positive reaction. However, these positive reactions were not induced by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and were thought to be induced by the stimulating activity of anti-TSH receptor immunoglobulins. Conventional porcine TSAb and Elecsys thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies were positive in 69.3 and 95.5% of GD, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The aequorin TSAb assay was positive in 98.9% of GD and was more sensitive than the conventional assay. This assay can be conducted in only 4 h without sterilized conditions and is practically useful in general clinical laboratories.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127568
title: Supplementary Material for: Prioritizing Rare Variants with Conditional Likelihood Ratios

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Prioritizing individual rare variants within associated genes or regions often consists of an ad hoc combination of statistical and biological considerations. From the statistical perspective, rare variants are often ranked using Fisher's exact p values, which can lead to different rankings of the same set of variants depending on whether 1- or 2-sided p values are used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We propose a likelihood ratio-based measure, maxLRc, for the statistical component of ranking rare variants under a case-control study design that avoids the hypothesis-testing paradigm. We prove analytically that the maxLRc is always well-defined, even when the data has zero cell counts in the 2×2 disease-variant table. Via simulation, we show that the maxLRc outperforms Fisher's exact p values in most practical scenarios considered. Using next-generation sequence data from 27 rolandic epilepsy cases and 200 controls in a region previously shown to be linked to and associated with rolandic epilepsy, we demonstrate that rankings assigned by the maxLRc and exact p values can differ substantially. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The maxLRc provides reliable statistical prioritization of rare variants using only the observed data, avoiding the need to specify parameters associated with hypothesis testing that can result in ranking discrepancies across p value procedures; and it is applicable to common variant prioritization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127571
title: Supplementary Material for: Guideline for the Diagnostic Pathway in Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Diagnostic practice for acute abdominal pain at the Emergency Department varies widely and is mostly based on doctor's preferences. We aimed at developing an evidence-based guideline for the diagnostic pathway of patients with abdominal pain of non-traumatic origin. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All available international literature on patients with acute abdominal pain was identified and graded according to their methodological quality by members of the multidisciplinary steering group. A guideline was synthetized, providing evidence-based recommendations together with considerations based on expertise of group members, patient preferences, costs, availability of facilities, and organizational aspects. <b><i>Conclusions and Recommendations:</i></b> Definition: Uniform terminology is needed in patients with acute abdominal pain to avoid difficulty in interpretation and ease comparison of findings between studies. We propose the use of the following definition for acute abdominal pain: pain of nontraumatic origin with a maximum duration of 5 days. Clinical diagnosis: Clinical evaluation is advised to differentiate between urgent and nonurgent causes. The diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment is insufficient to identify the correct diagnosis but can discriminate between urgent and nonurgent causes. Patients suspected of nonurgent diagnoses can safely be reevaluated the next day. Based on current literature, no conclusions can be drawn on the differences in accuracy between residents and specialists. No conclusions can be drawn on the influence of a gynecological consultation. In patients suspected of an urgent condition, additional imaging is justified. CRP and WBC count alone are insufficient to discriminate urgent from nonurgent diagnoses. Diagnostic imaging: There is no place for conventional radiography in the work-up of patients with acute abdominal pain due to the lack of added value on top of clinical assessment. Computed tomography leads to the highest sensitivity and specificity in patients with acute abdominal pain. Positive predictive value of ultrasound is comparable with CT and therefore preferred as the first imaging modality due to the downsides of computed tomography; negative or inconclusive ultrasound is followed by CT. Based on current literature, no conclusions can be drawn on the added value of a diagnostic laparoscopy in the work-up of patients with acute abdominal pain. Antibiotic treatment should be started within the first hour after recognition of sepsis. Administration of opioids (analgesics) decreases the intensity of the pain and does not affect the accuracy of physical examination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127574
title: Supplementary Material for: Deutsche Übersetzung des Inferential Confusion Questionnaire - Expanded Version (ICQ-EV)

description: Medicine