DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4p0
title: Data from: Elevated temperatures have sex-specific effects on nuptial gift behavior

description: Increasing developmental temperatures are well-known to impact fertility,
 yet their effects on pre-copulatory behaviors, despite having clear
 fitness consequences, are often overlooked. In many species, male nuptial
 gift presentation during courtship plays an important role in sex-specific
 mate choice, fitness, and subsequent co-evolutionary dynamics. However,
 developmental temperature effects on nuptial gift behaviors and their
 implications for population fitness remain unknown. Heat-induced changes
 to male behavior may signal fertility, driving female discrimination,
 particularly in monandrous systems where exclusively pairing with an
 infertile male threatens population growth. Additionally, as nuptial gift
 production is costly, the differential allocation hypothesis suggests
 males should adjust gift investment based on female fitness. Here, we
 investigated how elevated developmental temperature affects nuptial gift
 behavior, mating likelihood, and reproductive output in the monandrous
 species Drosophila subobscura. Individuals developed at either a control
 or stressful temperature, and fully factorial no-choice mating tests were
 used to identify sex-specific effects of heat stress. Heat-stressed males
 were largely infertile, less likely to mate, present a gift, or have a
 gift accepted, suggesting nuptial gifts may signal male fertility and
 influence female mate choice. Heat-stressed females were also less likely
 to mate, receive a gift, and were presented with fewer gifts from
 heat-stressed males. As heat-stressed females required more gifts to match
 the reproductive output of controls, selection may drive male mate choice
 through strategic resource allocation. These findings highlight how
 climate change may significantly impact sex-specific mate choice, with
 important implications for selection on pre-copulatory courtship traits
 and population dynamics.
description: # Elevated temperatures have sex-specific effects on nuptial gift behavior
 Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4p0](10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4p0) ##
 Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables ####
 File: subobscura\_gift\_data.csv **Description:**  ##### Variables * Line:
 Isofemale line * Female_Temp: Female Temperature Treatment (18°C or 25°C)
 * Male_Temp: Male Temperature Treatment (18°C or 25°C) * Group:
 Male-Female Temperature Group Pairing (1: male 18°C x female 18°C ; 2:
 female 18°C x male 25°C; 3: female 25°C x male 18°C; 4: female 25°C x male
 25°C) * No_Gifts_Given: Number of gifts given * Gift_Given: Whether a gift
 is given (Yes or No) * Gift_Accepted: Whether a gift is accepted (Yes or
 No) * No_Gifts_Accepted: Number of gifts accepted * Mate: Whether a pair
 mated (Yes or No) * Mat_Lat: Mating latency (min) * Time: Total
 observation time (min) * Cop_Dur: Copulation duration (min) * Total_Off:
 Total offspring number produced * Sterile: Whether an individual was
 sterile (Yes or No) * Gift_Accepted_Lat: Time until the first gift was
 accepted (min) * Gift_Pres_Lat: Time until the first gift was presented
 (min) Missing values are described as "NA". ## Code/software An
 R markdown script including all models used in the analysis and code to
 produce figures is in
 file: **Pembury_Smith_et_al_subobscura_gift_data_script.Rmd**