cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/5237ab05-04bd-44b6-9c53-d21eb2083e39
title: Forest inventory and lightning strikes data from the Ngel Nyaki forest, Nigeria, 2018-2021

description: This dataset contains includes measurements of trees and lianas stem diameters and status (e.g. alive, dead), and lightning strike data for forest areas within the Ngel Nyaki Forest, collected between June 2018 and July 2021.
We investigated tree mortality driven by lightning strikes in a 40-ha area at the Ngel Nyaki Forest Dynamic Plot, located in south-eastern Nigeria. Ngel Nyaki is a submontane forest with an elevation range of 1,588–1,690m and is part of the Smithsonian's Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) network. In every census, we measured and tagged all trees and lianas that have a stem diameter at 1.3 m (or above buttresses) of ≥25 cm and notes were taken about the tree's living status (e.g., broken, hollow) or the trees death mode (e.g., uprooted, standing).

description: For each tree measured in the forest inventory we installed a custom-made Rogowski Coil sensor, that was designed and tested by the Cardiff Morgan Botti lightning laboratory, to record if a tree was struck by lightning, without damaging the tree or altering the tree's electrical resistance. The Rogowski Coil is a non-contact sensor commonly used to measure alternating and impulse current flowing through the axis of the coil (in our case, down the tree). A quick visual check of the fuse allows us to see if the tree was struck by lightning. In addition to tree stem measurements, in each census, we also took notes on the general state of the coil and fuse, and the electrical conductivity was measured. Trees struck by lightning (e.g. with the fuse blown or melted) were identified at the species level and any lightning-associated damage to the tree (e.g. marks in trunks, broke branches, canopy dieback) and in the surroundings (e.g. canopy gaps, sapling mortality) was documented.
DOI: 10.5285/cf68be0c-e969-4190-8ec6-abeedb51b42c
title: Multispectral airborne imagery and associated classifications, training data and validation data, for mapping nectar-rich floral resources for pollinators, Northamptonshire, UK 2020

description: Data presented here include imagery with ground-sampling distances of 3 cm and 7 cm for March 2019, May 2019 and July 2019. Also included are the corresponding ground-truth training and verification data presented as shapefiles, as well as the classification output and other data relevant to the project such as the width of floral units.

The imagery was acquired by Spectrum Aviation using A6D-100c (50mm) Hasselblad cameras with bayer filters, mounted on a Sky Arrow 650 manned aircraft. Ground-truth data for training maximum likelihood classifications and for verifying the accuracy of classifications were gathered within eight days of imagery acquisition. Ground-truth data were acquired from sown field margins and hedgerow surrounding one study field.

This dataset was acquired from March to July 2019 at a farm in Northamptonshire, UK. Data were acquired as part of a NERC funded iCASE PhD studentship (NERC grant NE/N014472/1) based at the University of East Anglia and in collaboration with Hutchinsons Ltd. The aim of the research was to map the floral units of five nectar-rich flowering plant species using very high resolution multispectral imagery. Each species constitutes an important food resource for pollinators. The plant species in question were Prunus spinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Silene dioica, Centaurea nigra and Rubus fruticosus.
description: Multispectral data were acquired across red, green, blue and near-infrared bands on 28 March, 15 May and 4 July. Prior to imagery acquisition, 40X60cm boards that were visible within the imagery were established within the margins surrounding one field at our study farm. These were used as ground-control points to locate clusters of floral units within the margins. Ground-truth data (i.e. the locations of floral units) were gathered within 8 days of imagery acquisition.

The company that acquired the multispectral data (Spectrum Aviation) carried out orthorectification and stitched individual images together into an orthomosaic. Data values were kept in a raw digital number format.

 Between July 2019 and February 2021, further image processing, e.g. clipping of the image and removal of irrelevant spectral bands was carried out in QGIS. During the same timeframe, ground-truth data were divided into data to be used for training the classifications and for carrying out independent accuracy assessments. The maximum likelihood classifications were applied to the imagery with different iterations applied each time, i.e. the training sets were tweaked to increase classification accuracies.
DOI: 10.5285/dbc7cc17-cbbd-49dd-bab4-8e8855768d66
title: Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024

description: Here, we present a comprehensive traits database for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland. The database covers 968 species in 21 families. Ecological traits fall into four main categories: life cycle ecology and phenology, host plant specificity and characteristics, breeding habitat, and morphological characteristics. The database also contains data regarding species distribution, conservation status, and temporal trends for abundance and occupancy. This database can be used for a wide array of purposes including further fundamental research on species and community responses to environmental change, conservation and management studies, and evolutionary biology. This is the updated version of the dataset, incorporating additions and corrections compared to previous versions (https://doi.org/10.5285/5b5a13b6-2304-47e3-9c9d-35237d1232c6 & https://doi.org/10.5285/33a66d6a-dd9b-4a19-9026-cf1ffb969cdb)
description: Data were collated from a range of referenced sources as described in the metadata. Where required expert opinion was used to determine traits, for example regarding habitat.
DOI: 10.5285/0e3aefb2-ce86-4d09-8ff0-6d165dfd48db
title: Geological map of the Moor House National Nature Reserve

description: This is a spatial dataset containing polygons representing different geology types in the Moor House National Nature Reserve, northern Pennines, England. The survey was undertaken by G.A.L. Johnson under a grant by The Nature Conservancy in the 1950s and 1960s. 
description: Following recommendation from the University Department of Geology in Durham, this geological re-survey of the Moor House region was started in 1954. The survey was undertaken by G.A.L. Johnson under a grant by The Nature Conservancy (a forerunner of the Natural Environment Research Council). The original map was mapped on to a base map of 3 inches to the mile. The paper map was digitised by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (now the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) in the 1990s. Note that the reserve has been extended to Upper Teesdale, however this map covers the Moor House area only. See online Supporting Information for further details.
DOI: 10.5285/d0741544-cdf3-497d-996b-e30b4b7373c1
title: Biodiversity responses to vegetation height and diversity in perennial meadow plantings in two urban areas in the UK

description: The data describe the ecological responses (invertebrate diversity and biomass, plant diversity, soil characteristics and microbial diversity) to experimental manipulation of floristic diversity and vegetation height in planted urban meadows. The experiment consisted of a replicated set of nine different perennial meadow treatments, sown in six public urban greenspaces in the towns of Bedford and Luton, in the UK.
description: Experimental plots (of 250 square metres at all except one site) were established, by herbicide application, rotovation and sowing in existing amenity grassland, in 2013.  Data were collected in the second season after establishment.  Plant diversity was assessed by quadrat sampling within experimental plots, and by visual surveys. Plant identification is primarily to species level.  Invertebrate diversity was assessed from collections made by vacuum sampling, sweep netting and visual surveys (summer) and for some plots by hand searching (winter). Sampled material was preserved and subsequently sorted and identified in the laboratory. Invertebrate identification is primarily to order level, with the exception of the Coleoptera, which are to family level. Soil condition and microbial diversity was assessed from multiple soil cores from each experimental plot (for a subset of sites), with subsequent laboratory analysis of C, N, pH, and microbial DNA and PLFA. Samples were processed in Sheffield (invertebrates), Cranfield (soil characteristics, PLFA), and Warwick (DNA).  Quality assurance was managed by the senior researcher carrying out the processing in each laboratory, overseen by the principal and co-investigators of the project.
DOI: 10.5285/48d5395e-e9fb-45ed-b69f-1ea0d2d36be6
title: Transfer parameters for radionuclides and radiologically significant stable elements to foodstuffs in Spain

description: Data comprise  of radionuclide and stable element concentrations in vegetal and animal food and feedstuffs, and their corresponding transfer coefficients and concentration ratios determined in Mediterranean ecosystems in Spain.  The considered foodstuff groups are: cereals, grapevine (including wine), olive tree (including olive oil), lamb, beef, pork, and dairy products from sheep, goat and cow.

The data include: elemental and radioactive concentration in soil, plants, food and feedstuffs; dry to fresh ratios for foodstuffs; animal feeding diet; estimation of overall elemental and radioactive diet concentration; transfer coefficients for vegetal foodstuffs (relating dry matter elemental and radionuclide concentration in foodstuff to the dry matter concentration in soil); and concentration ratios for animal foodstuffs (relating fresh matter elemental and radionuclide concentration in foodstuff to the dry matter concentration in feedstuff).

Radionuclide concentrations presented include Ra-226, Cs-137, Ra-228 and K-40. Elemental concentrations presented include Cs, Sr, K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Pb, U and Th. 
description: Radionuclide concentrations presented include Ra-226, Cs-137, Ra-228 and K-40. These concentrations were determined by gamma spectrometry. Elemental concentrations presented include Cs, Sr, K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Pb, U and Th. These concentrations were determined by ICP-MS. For further information about material and methods see supporting information.
DOI: 10.5285/50119e9c-b6d9-4b72-98c9-588ca1d7c6fe
title: Macroinvertebrate data from the South Fork McKenzie River in Oregon, USA before and after a wildfire event, 2019 to 2021

description: Data comprise macroinvertebrate count data (identified to species level), trait and classification information, as well as information on macroinvertebrate biomass and site-specific observations (e.g. canopy cover, habitat type, etc.) collected from the South Fork McKenzie river, Oregon, USA in Autumn 2019 and 2020, and winter of 2021 following the Holiday Farm wildfire in Autumn 2020. Samples were collected from restored and unrestored river reaches to quantify the difference in the response of benthic macroinvertebrate response to wildfire.

The study was conducted by the University of Nottingham, with data collected by partners from the US Forest Service, Portland State University, Washington State University and Colorado State University. The work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
description: Benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) were collected using a one foot sampling net. Ten samples were collected at each site along a transect across the river channel. Samples collected equidistantly along the transect (selected by eye) irrespective of transect length. Filamentous algae was not filtered from nonstock and was defined as all floating/rooted within the water identified by a visual assessment (i.e. not diatoms).

BMI wood defined as a sample within one foot of a large woody object (wood influenced). Samples were sorted, identified and individuals measured (body length) by Bob Wisseman (Aquatic Biology Associates, Inc. Corvallis, OR, USA).
DOI: 10.5285/7e7ce7c1-aa16-484f-86b1-90c5b088a64c
title: Caterpillar activity under experimentally manipulated light conditions, Oxfordshire, UK, winter 2019

description: Counts of caterpillars arising from a short-term experiment that installed lighting rigs in previously unlit areas to test for a change in nocturnal feeding behaviour. Caterpillars were counted from lit and control transects at two locations in Oxfordshire during January and February 2019. Lighting rigs were installed during the afternoon and switched on one hour before sunset. To give the nocturnal caterpillars time to become active, sampling occurred between 60 and 120 minutes after sunset. On a sampling night, all transects were sampled within a 5–10-minute period.
description: Data were generated by collecting larvae in field using sweep netting (as detailed in the methods). Data quality assurance included data collection via standardised recording forms, data entry using drop down menus and automated calculations. Following data entry, records were double checked to ensure accidental typing errors were removed and to check for apparent outliers.
DOI: 10.5285/2bfdede9-8008-4ba3-ac8e-af4e6ab9888b
title: Countryside Survey mapped estimates of Broad Habitat area change in Great Britain between 1990 and 1998

description: This dataset consists of change data for areas of Broad Habitats across Great Britain between 1990 and 1998. The data are national estimates generated by analysing the sample data from up to 569 1km squares and scaling up to a national level. The data are summarized as percentage increase or decrease in habitat area per Land Class (areas of similar environmental characteristics) and are in a vector format. The sample sites are chosen from a stratified random sample, based on a 15 by 15 km grid of GB and using the 'ITE Land Classification' as a method of stratification. The data were collected as part of Countryside Survey, a unique study or 'audit' of the natural resources of the UK's countryside. The Survey has been carried out at regular intervals since 1978 by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. The countryside is sampled and surveyed using rigorous scientific methods, allowing us to compare new results with those from previous surveys. In this way we can detect the gradual and subtle changes that occur in the UK's countryside over time. Surveys have been carried out in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007 with repeated visits to the majority of squares. In addition to habitat areas, vegetation species data, soil data, linear habitat data, and freshwater habitat data are also gathered by Countryside Survey.
description: The data were recorded onto paper field sheets in the summers of 1990 and 1998/1999 by surveyors. Data were recorded from 508 1km squares (1990) and 569 1km squares (1998/1999) sited across Britain, selected by random stratified sample. The areas of UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) Broad Habitats were digitized in 2000. The digitized data were used to generate national estimates of the change in Broad Habitats for Great Britain using the standard Countryside Survey methodology (refer to the online documentation). Estimates are presented as percentage increases/decreases by ITE Land Class (2007 version)
DOI: 10.5285/577486c2-c6e1-4588-957d-69c1a3d85628
title: Ecotoxicology data of Eisenia fetida earthworms following acute or chronic exposure to different concentrations of bio-based and conventional fibres

description: This dataset contains acute and chronic ecotoxicology measurements of Eisenia fetida earthworms exposed to different types and concentrations of bio-based textile-derived microfibres. 

Acute test (72 hours) measured earthworm mortality across a range of fibre concentrations, following OECD TG 207 standard guidelines. Chronic tests (following OECD TG 222 guidelines), using one fibre concentration were conducted over 28-days and measured mortality, growth, reproductive output (number of egg cocoons and juveniles), oxidative stress and elemental composition of earthworms. 

Data were collected in order to establish lethal thresholds and sub-lethal effects of different textiles microfibres (bio-based and conventional). This research is part of the BIO-PLASTIC-RISK project, funded by Natural Environment Research Council through the grants NE/V007556/1 and NE/V007246/1.

description: Two bio- based (Viscose and Lyocell) and one conventional (Polyester) fibre along with a ‘no fibres’ control, and a positive organic pollutant control (3,4- Dichloroaniline) were used in all experiments. All earthworms were purchased from a commercial supplier (Blades Biological, Kent, UK), and held in synchronous culture for at least 2 weeks prior to their use in experiments.
Acute testing followed the filter paper contact method in the OECD TG 207: acute earthworm test, standard protocol. Earthworms were exposed for 72-hours to concentrations between 0 – 10,000 fibres per ml. Mortality was assessed to determine lethal thresholds, 10 worms were used per treatment. 
Chronic testing: method followed the OECD TG 222: earthworm reproduction test guidelines, and standard LUFA 2.2 soil (LUFA Speyer, Germany) was used. 12 worms were included per test container, with 4 replicates per treatment. Earthworms were exposed for 28-days to 100 mg/kg of fibres, when measures of worm growth, health and reproduction were assessed.
DOI: 10.5285/0b931b16-796e-4ce4-8c64-d112f09293f7
title: Long-term vegetation monitoring data (1961-2013) from moorland burning plots established at Hard Hill, Moor House in 1954

description: The dataset consists of long-term vegetation monitoring data from the Hard Hill burning plots sited in the Moor House - Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve, Cumbria.  An experiment to investigate the effects of rotational burning and grazing was initiated in 1954, consisting of a replicated block layout.  Initial vegetation recording was carried out in 1961 and 1965 using a quadrat method and DOMIN scale.   In 1972 onwards, vegetation was recorded using a pin frame.  Data were recorded by staff from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and its predecessors. 
description: Data were recorded by trained botanists employed by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and its predecessors. Data were recorded on paper in the field and later digitised.
DOI: 10.5285/330cf3ac-21c3-4fa8-ab76-528f8cb2fbb8
title: Trait data of juniper trees from 16 UK populations in a common garden glasshouse trial

description: This dataset contains measurements from eleven traits on 285 plants that were grown in a randomised block designed common garden trial at the UKCEH Edinburgh. Seedlings were grown from seed during 2015-2018, and the traits were measured in December 2020. The trees are from sixteen different populations across the UK.

Variables measured include: stem length, stem diameter, stem angle, main stem branches, needle length and width, extension, number of stems, number of internodes, length of internodes, and total spread.

This data was gathered as part of a project on juniper conservation genetics that also includes an analysis of the population genetics of UK junipers. The main goal of the project is to evaluate the standing genetic variation of populations using both quantitative and population genetic analyses.
description: The plants from the 2015-2018 germination trial were potted up and placed into a randomised block design in December 2018. Trait measurements occurred in December 2020. Full descriptions of each trait and how they were measured will be available in the metadata file.

Because plants emerged over the course of about three years, they were assigned an “age class” corresponding to when they were potted up, with 1 being the oldest age class (potted first) and 5 being the youngest (potted last)
In the case of multi-stemmed plants, leader length was taken on up to four of the largest stems and averaged. 

The internode length, leaf length and leaf width variables are the averages of three measurements each. 

Mean spread is the average of two measurements taken perpendicularly from one another to span the area of growth as seen from above the plant. 

Leaf morphology data were only measured on two of the three blocks (190 of 289 plants).
DOI: 10.5285/9fc7ab01-c622-46f1-a904-0bcd54073da3
title: Simulated streamflow, demands and aquifer levels in the Narmada Basin, India, 1970-2099 using the Global Water Availability Assessment Model (GWAVA)

description: The data resource contains daily time-series of simulated streamflow, ground water levels and estimated demands, from humans, livestock and irrigation across the Narmada Basin, India. The data were generated using the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) Model 5. 

For the Upper Narmada, a baseline of 1970-2013 is presented along with a future time slice of 2028- 2060.  For the whole Narmada, a baseline of 1981-2013 and future period of 2021-2099 is included. The data were produced to help predict how climate and land use change in the region would impact on future water security.

The research was funded by NERC research grant NE/R000131/1
description: These data were generated using the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) Model 5.0. The Global Water Availability Assessment Tool (GWAVA) is a large-scale, semi-distributed gridded water resources model developed by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. The Narmada Basin was modelled at a spatial scale of 0.125 degree using GWAVA5.0. The Upper Narmada was disaggregated into 318 modelling cells and the whole Narmada into 653 cells. The basin included domestic, irrigation and livestock demands, large- scale water transfers, major reservoirs, minor reservoirs and agriculture within command and rural areas. 

The model was calibrated at thirteen gauging stations across the basin against available observed streamflow using the SIMPLEX auto-calibration routine. This routine utilises four parameters (a surface and groundwater routing parameter, a Probability Distributed Model (PDM) parameter that describes spatial variation in soil moisture capacity and a multiplier to adjust rooting depths). The model was then validated across the same 13 gauging stations (over a different time period to the calibration) and 100 groundwater observational wells.