DOI: 10.25934/pr00008432
title: The trend of antibiotic resistance of tetracycline in adults in recent years

description: The mechanism of action of tetracyclines is that they are bound to the 30s ribosome more specifically to the helix 34 of the 16s ribosome in the 30s subunit. that blocks the aminoacyl-tRNA to the bacterial ribosomal acceptor site. Tetracyclines are mainly bacteriostatic.
And also, there are many resistance mechanisms for this class of drugs. There are mainly 4 types of mechanisms.
1)Tetracycline resistance due to efflux proteins. (Number of genes=29)
2)Tetracycline resistance due to ribosomal protection proteins. (Number of genes=12)
3)Tetracycline resistance due to enzymatic Inactivation. (Number of genes=3)
4)other/unknown mechanisms. (Number of genes=1)
In India, there are a few studies conducted on the antimicrobial resistance for a specific pathogen such as 
1)	Emergence of Tetracycline-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Serotype Inaba, in Kolkata, India    Authors: Amit Roychowdhury, Arpita Pan, Dharitri Dutta, Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay, T. Ramamurthy, Ranjan Kumar Nandy, Sujit Kumar Bhattacharya, and Mihir Kumar Bhattacharya* National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India (Received March 16, 2007. Accepted December 3, 2007). They analysed the data from 2004,2005 of 343 cases of cholera from the Kolkata region out of 2,235 diarrheal stool samples collected. And at that time, they showed that the resistance was nearly nil in 2004 and it increased by 27.3 and 15.1 percent by 2005 of the corresponding serotypes Ogawa and Inaba.

2)	Preliminary Sentinel Surveillance Report on Antibiotics Resistance Trend of Streptococcus pyogenes in Kolkata Region, India 
Authors: Dipanwita Ray, Sukanta Sinha, Somnath Saha , Sankar Karmakar, Rathindra Nath Dutta, Sujata Bhattacharya , Nishit Kumar Pal and Basudev Bhattacharya. They analysed data collected from October 2008 to July 2009. And had 200 cases of streptococcus pyogenes 60 of the isolates showed resistance at a percentage of 52.2 for tetracyclines.

3)	Emergence and Spread of Tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant during 2010 cholera epidemic in the tribal areas of Odisha, India                                                   Authors:  Santanu KumarKar, Bibhuti BhusanPal, Hemanta Kumar Khuntia, K. Gopinath Achary ,Chinmaye Priyadarshini Khuntia  out of 68 rectal swabs tested 35 of them Ogawa serotype of vibrio cholerae and 14 were E.coli were but all of the Ogawa serotype showed 100% resistance.
As the days pass more studies need to be made regarding the resistance rate of tetracycline in different species. Because the bacteria always gradually gain more resistance to tetracycline and it is important to know to what extent it has gained resistance. 
So, for the study, I need the dataset which I had requested. And I would be thankful for The mechanism of action of tetracyclines is that they are bound to the 30s ribosome more specifically to the helix 34 of the 16s ribosome in the 30s subunit. that blocks the aminoacyl-tRNA to the bacterial ribosomal acceptor site. Tetracyclines are mainly bacteriostatic.
And also, there are many resistance mechanisms for this class of drugs. There are mainly 4 types of mechanisms.
1)Tetracycline resistance due to efflux proteins. (Number of genes=29)
2)Tetracycline resistance due to ribosomal protection proteins. (Number of genes=12)
3)Tetracycline resistance due to enzymatic Inactivation. (Number of genes=3)
4)other/unknown mechanisms. (Number of genes=1)
In India, there are a few studies conducted on the antimicrobial resistance for a specific pathogen such as 
1)	Emergence of Tetracycline-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Serotype Inaba, in Kolkata, India    Authors: Amit Roychowdhury, Arpita Pan, Dharitri Dutta, Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay, T. Ramamurthy, Ranjan Kumar Nandy, Sujit Kumar Bhattacharya, and Mihir Kumar Bhattacharya* National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India (Received March 16, 2007. Accepted December 3, 2007). They analysed the data from 2004,2005 of 343 cases of cholera from the Kolkata region out of 2,235 diarrheal stool samples collected. And at that time, they showed that the resistance was nearly nil in 2004 and it increased by 27.3 and 15.1 percent by 2005 of the corresponding serotypes Ogawa and Inaba.

2)	Preliminary Sentinel Surveillance Report on Antibiotics Resistance Trend of Streptococcus pyogenes in Kolkata Region, India 
Authors: Dipanwita Ray, Sukanta Sinha, Somnath Saha , Sankar Karmakar, Rathindra Nath Dutta, Sujata Bhattacharya , Nishit Kumar Pal and Basudev Bhattacharya. They analysed data collected from October 2008 to July 2009. And had 200 cases of streptococcus pyogenes 60 of the isolates showed resistance at a percentage of 52.2 for tetracyclines.

3)	Emergence and Spread of Tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant during 2010 cholera epidemic in the tribal areas of Odisha, India                                                   Authors:  Santanu KumarKar, Bibhuti BhusanPal, Hemanta Kumar Khuntia, K. Gopinath Achary ,Chinmaye Priyadarshini Khuntia  out of 68 rectal swabs tested 35 of them Ogawa serotype of vibrio cholerae and 14 were E.coli were but all of the Ogawa serotype showed 100% resistance.
As the days pass more studies need to be made regarding the resistance rate of tetracycline in different species. Because the bacteria gradually gain more resistance to tetracycline and it is important to know to what extent it has gained resistance. 
So, for the study, I need the dataset which I had requested. And I would be thankful to Vivli if they provide me with the dataset.