cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7420160
title: Entries and Withdrawals: Electoral Coordination across Different Offices and the Brazilian Party Systems

description: In this article, we present new data on electoral alliances (coligações) that were formed to contest Brazilian general elections between 1986 and 2014. We present evidence to show that alliances formed for gubernatorial and lower house elections are connected to one another. These joint alliances are part of complex coordination strategies for managing the entry and withdrawal of candidates for concomitant elections regulated by different rules. As we shall show, these joint strategies result in: 01. interlinked processes of party concentration in subnational executive elections, and party fragmentation in national lower-house elections; which is the result of 02. the emergence of political parties that specialize in contesting elections for different political offices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8091902
title: The effectiveness and impact of an intervention program on migration and health with Mexican undergraduate students

description: Abstract Migration has psychological impact on those that migrate, and on their families left behind. We evaluate an intervention program to strengthen individual, social, and family resources in 120 Mexican undergraduate students with migration in their families. The study was a quasi-experimental design. Data was gathered before, during, at the end, of the intervention and a year after. Depressive symptomatology, individual, social and family resources scales were evaluated. Participants increased their individual, social, and family resources, and decreased their depressive symptomatology more than the control group. We concluded that interventions within an educational and reflective open discussion space will help to address psychosocial problems in immigrant families member left behind.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8091902.v1
title: The effectiveness and impact of an intervention program on migration and health with Mexican undergraduate students

description: Abstract Migration has psychological impact on those that migrate, and on their families left behind. We evaluate an intervention program to strengthen individual, social, and family resources in 120 Mexican undergraduate students with migration in their families. The study was a quasi-experimental design. Data was gathered before, during, at the end, of the intervention and a year after. Depressive symptomatology, individual, social and family resources scales were evaluated. Participants increased their individual, social, and family resources, and decreased their depressive symptomatology more than the control group. We concluded that interventions within an educational and reflective open discussion space will help to address psychosocial problems in immigrant families member left behind.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7420160.v1
title: Entries and Withdrawals: Electoral Coordination across Different Offices and the Brazilian Party Systems

description: In this article, we present new data on electoral alliances (coligações) that were formed to contest Brazilian general elections between 1986 and 2014. We present evidence to show that alliances formed for gubernatorial and lower house elections are connected to one another. These joint alliances are part of complex coordination strategies for managing the entry and withdrawal of candidates for concomitant elections regulated by different rules. As we shall show, these joint strategies result in: 01. interlinked processes of party concentration in subnational executive elections, and party fragmentation in national lower-house elections; which is the result of 02. the emergence of political parties that specialize in contesting elections for different political offices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509236.v1
title: Rainfall interception in different forest formations in the southern region of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Rainfall interception by vegetation (I) can affect the hydrological behavior of a watershed, influencing the hydrological modeling processes. The limitations of monitoring and the wide variety of Brazilian climate and vegetation make it difficult to estimate the interception process. Therefore interception is often overlooked or underestimated in hydrological modeling. This study analyzed the rainfall interception in two forests with native vegetation belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome (MA1 and MA2 plots), and a eucalyptus forest (RE plot); located in southern Brazil. The throughfall (Pi) and stemflow (Et) were monitored for low cost collectors. Forty Pi collectors were used in MA1 plot and 20 collectors in MA2 and RE plots, and three Et collectors in each plot. In total 40, 34 and 22 collections of Pi and 17, 18 and 6 Et collections in MA1, MA2 and RE plots, respectively were analyzed. The total precipitation (P) observed was equal to 2046.50; 1726.23 and 957.96 mm; and total Pi found was 75.97; 82.40 and 78.07% of P, for the plots MA1, MA2 and RE, respectively. The Et was equal to 5.69; 2.91 and 11.09% P; and the estimated I was 17.76; 16.90 and 14.56% P, for MA1, MA2 and RE plots, respectively. Observed values of Pi and I are within the range reported by other authors for similar vegetation, however monitored Et was well above the reported results. The adjustment ratios presented limitations due to the number of Et collectors used and the number of Pi and Et collections monitored, especially in the RE plot; and also because of the large spatial and temporal variability of the processes analyzed, that make the monitoring process difficult.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514516
title: Evaluation of biophysical indices from TM Landsat 5 images in heterogeneous landscape in Southwestern Amazon

description: The southwest area of the Brazilian Amazon is composed of a landscape mosaic with transition grasslands and tropical rain forest. The basin of the Puruzinho River, located in the "Arc of Deforestation" in the Purus-Madeira interfluve, has undergone changes in land use and land cover. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variation of biophysical indices of a heterogeneous landscape in the Basin of Puruzinho River. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), surface temperature, surface albedo and surface net radiation (Rn) were estimated by SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) from TM Landsat 5 images, and analyzed on areas of dense forest, grasslands, deforested area and urban area of Humaitá-AM. All biophysical indices were significantly different considering the land use and land cover. The biophysical indices showed an opposite pattern between the urban area and the dense forest, with lower NDVI, IAF and net radiation and higher surface temperature and surface albedo in the urban area. Therefore, the variables estimated by SEBAL were adequate to assess the effect of land use changes on the estimated variables and to distinguish disturbed areas from natural areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509590
title: INDEX OF HORIZONTALITY AND REMOVAL OF TISSUES FROM MARANDU PALISADE GRASS

description: Abstract Possibly, the greater availability of nutrients in the soil will promote a more pronounced modification of the growth form of forage plant under high frequency of defoliation. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the changes in the growth form of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisade grass) submitted to cutting intervals and fertilization, as well as the effect of these modifications on the forages removed and remnant from the cut. This study was carried out in two experimental periods. In each period, independent yet similar in nature experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, from October 2013 to February 2014, marandu palisade grass was fertilized with 70 kg.ha-1 of N and 50 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 and cut intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In Experiment 2, from November 2014 to March 2015, in addition to the same cut intervals evaluated in Experiment 1, two fertilization conditions were also studied, one of which was low (50 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 and 75 kg.ha-1 of N) and another one that was high (100 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 and 300 kg.ha-1 of N). In Experiment 2, a factorial scheme with two levels of fertilization and five levels of cut intervals was used in a randomized block design with four replications. In Experiment 1, the highest indexes of horizontality (IH) occurred (p&lt;0.05) in the plants under cut intervals of 7, 14 and 28 days, in relation to the plants cut every 56 and 112 days. In Experiment 2, only the plant cut every 7 days showed an increase of IH (from 1.3 to 1.5) (p&lt;0.05) with the improvement of the high fertilization condition. The remaining forage mass increased (p&lt;0.05) with the cut interval, from 412 to 483 g.m-2 and from 412 to 571 g.m-2 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In Experiment 2, there was an increase (p&lt;0.05) in the remaining forage mass (from 447 to 505 g.m-2) and the percentage of live stem (from 23 to 33%) with fertilization at all cut intervals. In both experiments, the highest cut intervals increased (p&lt;0.05) the forage mass removed (from 95 to 840 g.m-2 and from 44.8 to 843 g.m-2 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and leaf area index (LAI) removed (from 1.0 to 4.3 and from 0.4 to 3.9 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively). In Experiment 2, the improved fertilization condition resulted in an increase (p&lt;0.05) in the forage mass removed (from 261.3 to 391.8 g.m-2) and LAI removed (from 1.6 to 2.1). In Experiment 2, when the fertilization condition was high, there was (p&lt;0.05) less percentage of live leaf removed in the canopies under intermediate cuts (28 and 56 days). When defoliation is very frequent, the greater availability of nutrients in the soil contributes to the marandu palisade grass to modify its form of growth from upright to prostrate, compared to the condition of less availability of nutrients in the soil. Increasing the cut interval and fertilization improved the forage removal of marandu grass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512518
title: MORFOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION ON MARANDU GRASS PASTURES SUBMITTED TO DEFOLIATION FREQUENCIES AND FERTILIZATION LEVELS

description: Abstract Tillers are the basic units of growth in forage grasses and tillering is responsible for the adaptation and reestablishment of grass after defoliation. Therefore, it is important to understand the morphological changes of tillers due to defoliation environment and fertilization, which are two important pasture management strategies. In this study, we aimed to characterize the morfologic response of marandu grass tillers before nitrogen fertilization and frequency of defoliation for a better understanding of the phenotypic plasticity of this plant. This study was carried out in two experimental years. The treatments in the first year consisted of different cutting intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days). In the second year, besides the same cutting intervals, two fertilization conditions were studied: a low level (21.5 kg.ha-1 P and 75 kg.ha-1 N) and a high level (43 kg.ha-1 P and 300 kg.ha-1 N). A randomized block design was adopted and in experiment two a factorial scheme with four repetitions was used. In both experiments the responses to stem length, leaf blade length, space between leaf blade and leaf area, and weight of tiller increased with cutting intervals. In experiment two, high doses of fertilization provided larger number of vegetative tillers, space between leaf blades, tiller weight, longer leaves and stems, and higher population densities of reproductive tillers with longer cutting intervals. In conclusion, the defoliation and the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization produced morphologic modifications in marandu grass tillers suggesting the phenotypic plasticity of this grass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514516.v1
title: Evaluation of biophysical indices from TM Landsat 5 images in heterogeneous landscape in Southwestern Amazon

description: The southwest area of the Brazilian Amazon is composed of a landscape mosaic with transition grasslands and tropical rain forest. The basin of the Puruzinho River, located in the "Arc of Deforestation" in the Purus-Madeira interfluve, has undergone changes in land use and land cover. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variation of biophysical indices of a heterogeneous landscape in the Basin of Puruzinho River. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), surface temperature, surface albedo and surface net radiation (Rn) were estimated by SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) from TM Landsat 5 images, and analyzed on areas of dense forest, grasslands, deforested area and urban area of Humaitá-AM. All biophysical indices were significantly different considering the land use and land cover. The biophysical indices showed an opposite pattern between the urban area and the dense forest, with lower NDVI, IAF and net radiation and higher surface temperature and surface albedo in the urban area. Therefore, the variables estimated by SEBAL were adequate to assess the effect of land use changes on the estimated variables and to distinguish disturbed areas from natural areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512518.v1
title: MORFOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION ON MARANDU GRASS PASTURES SUBMITTED TO DEFOLIATION FREQUENCIES AND FERTILIZATION LEVELS

description: Abstract Tillers are the basic units of growth in forage grasses and tillering is responsible for the adaptation and reestablishment of grass after defoliation. Therefore, it is important to understand the morphological changes of tillers due to defoliation environment and fertilization, which are two important pasture management strategies. In this study, we aimed to characterize the morfologic response of marandu grass tillers before nitrogen fertilization and frequency of defoliation for a better understanding of the phenotypic plasticity of this plant. This study was carried out in two experimental years. The treatments in the first year consisted of different cutting intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days). In the second year, besides the same cutting intervals, two fertilization conditions were studied: a low level (21.5 kg.ha-1 P and 75 kg.ha-1 N) and a high level (43 kg.ha-1 P and 300 kg.ha-1 N). A randomized block design was adopted and in experiment two a factorial scheme with four repetitions was used. In both experiments the responses to stem length, leaf blade length, space between leaf blade and leaf area, and weight of tiller increased with cutting intervals. In experiment two, high doses of fertilization provided larger number of vegetative tillers, space between leaf blades, tiller weight, longer leaves and stems, and higher population densities of reproductive tillers with longer cutting intervals. In conclusion, the defoliation and the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization produced morphologic modifications in marandu grass tillers suggesting the phenotypic plasticity of this grass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507415
title: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DWARF COCONUT PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and evaluated the following parameters: leaf gas exchange, quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative contents of total chlorophyll (SPAD index). The experiment was conducted under a randomized block experimental design, in a split plot arrangement. In the plots, plants were exposed to different levels of water stress, by imposing potential crop evapotranspiration replacement levels equivalent to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, whereas in subplots, plants were exposed to different levels of soil salinity (1.72, 6.25, 25.80, and 40.70 dS m-1). Physiological mechanisms were effectively limited when water deficit and salinity acted separately and/or together. Compared with soil salinity, water stress was more effective in reducing the measured physiological parameters. The magnitudes of the responses of plants to water supply and salinity depended on the intensity of stress and evaluation period. The physiological acclimation responses of plants were mainly related to stomatal regulation. The coconut tree has a number of physiological adjustment mechanisms that give the species partial tolerance to drought stress and/or salt, thereby enabling it to revegetate salinated areas, provided that its water requirements are at least partially met.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507415.v1
title: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DWARF COCONUT PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and evaluated the following parameters: leaf gas exchange, quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative contents of total chlorophyll (SPAD index). The experiment was conducted under a randomized block experimental design, in a split plot arrangement. In the plots, plants were exposed to different levels of water stress, by imposing potential crop evapotranspiration replacement levels equivalent to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, whereas in subplots, plants were exposed to different levels of soil salinity (1.72, 6.25, 25.80, and 40.70 dS m-1). Physiological mechanisms were effectively limited when water deficit and salinity acted separately and/or together. Compared with soil salinity, water stress was more effective in reducing the measured physiological parameters. The magnitudes of the responses of plants to water supply and salinity depended on the intensity of stress and evaluation period. The physiological acclimation responses of plants were mainly related to stomatal regulation. The coconut tree has a number of physiological adjustment mechanisms that give the species partial tolerance to drought stress and/or salt, thereby enabling it to revegetate salinated areas, provided that its water requirements are at least partially met.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509236
title: Rainfall interception in different forest formations in the southern region of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Rainfall interception by vegetation (I) can affect the hydrological behavior of a watershed, influencing the hydrological modeling processes. The limitations of monitoring and the wide variety of Brazilian climate and vegetation make it difficult to estimate the interception process. Therefore interception is often overlooked or underestimated in hydrological modeling. This study analyzed the rainfall interception in two forests with native vegetation belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome (MA1 and MA2 plots), and a eucalyptus forest (RE plot); located in southern Brazil. The throughfall (Pi) and stemflow (Et) were monitored for low cost collectors. Forty Pi collectors were used in MA1 plot and 20 collectors in MA2 and RE plots, and three Et collectors in each plot. In total 40, 34 and 22 collections of Pi and 17, 18 and 6 Et collections in MA1, MA2 and RE plots, respectively were analyzed. The total precipitation (P) observed was equal to 2046.50; 1726.23 and 957.96 mm; and total Pi found was 75.97; 82.40 and 78.07% of P, for the plots MA1, MA2 and RE, respectively. The Et was equal to 5.69; 2.91 and 11.09% P; and the estimated I was 17.76; 16.90 and 14.56% P, for MA1, MA2 and RE plots, respectively. Observed values of Pi and I are within the range reported by other authors for similar vegetation, however monitored Et was well above the reported results. The adjustment ratios presented limitations due to the number of Et collectors used and the number of Pi and Et collections monitored, especially in the RE plot; and also because of the large spatial and temporal variability of the processes analyzed, that make the monitoring process difficult.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668909
title: Exploratory study of the potential demand for a pedelec bike-sharing system

description: Abstract The objective of this exploratory study is to introduce and discuss the results of a procedure developed for assessing the potential demand for a pedelec bike-sharing system at the São Carlos campus of the University of São Paulo (USP). Formed by two areas that are 4.5 km away from one another, the campus seems to be particularly suited for the implementation of this sort of transportation system. The approach can be used to identify target groups and to check users’ preferences when choosing between the buses operated by the university and shared pedelecs to travel between the two areas. Data collection and data analysis are conducted, respectively, with stated preference surveys and artificial neural networks. The responses of 397 students suggest that the physical effort involved in cycling, unfavorable weather conditions, long travel times, and the absence of cyclepaths are the main barriers to the use of conventional bicycles. Overcrowding, inflexible and limited departure times, and long walking distances to reach the bus stops are the main obstacles for the use of the buses operated by the university. The selection of pedelecs is influenced mainly by the existence of cycle paths, the number of passengers at the university bus stop, and the weather conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668909.v1
title: Exploratory study of the potential demand for a pedelec bike-sharing system

description: Abstract The objective of this exploratory study is to introduce and discuss the results of a procedure developed for assessing the potential demand for a pedelec bike-sharing system at the São Carlos campus of the University of São Paulo (USP). Formed by two areas that are 4.5 km away from one another, the campus seems to be particularly suited for the implementation of this sort of transportation system. The approach can be used to identify target groups and to check users’ preferences when choosing between the buses operated by the university and shared pedelecs to travel between the two areas. Data collection and data analysis are conducted, respectively, with stated preference surveys and artificial neural networks. The responses of 397 students suggest that the physical effort involved in cycling, unfavorable weather conditions, long travel times, and the absence of cyclepaths are the main barriers to the use of conventional bicycles. Overcrowding, inflexible and limited departure times, and long walking distances to reach the bus stops are the main obstacles for the use of the buses operated by the university. The selection of pedelecs is influenced mainly by the existence of cycle paths, the number of passengers at the university bus stop, and the weather conditions.