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DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1623
title: Antidiabetic Effects And Mechanisms Of Action Of p-Methoxycinnamic Acid

description: p-MCA decreased fasting plasma glucose and increased insulin concentrations in both normal and diabetic rats. In addition, it improved also glucose intolerance in diabetic rats. During 4 weeks of the study. P-MCA reduced plasma glucose concentration in diabetic rats but not in normal rats. p-MCA reduced the excessive activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, and increased hepatic hexokinase, glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, hepatic glycogen in diabetic rats. p-MCA increased insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas and INS-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, p-MCA increased intracellular Ca[superscript2]+ concentration ([Ca[superscript2]+]) in INS-1 cells. The p-MCA-induced insulin secretion and rise in [Ca[superscript2]+] were markedly inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca[superscript2]+ or in the presence of an L-type Ca[superscript2]+ channel blocker nimodipine. Diazoxide, and ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, did not alter p-MCA-induced insulin secretion, nor [Ca[superscript2]+] response. These results suggested that p-MCA increased Ca[superscript2]+ influx via the L-type Ca[superscript2]+ channels, but not through the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels In addition, p-MCA enhanced glucose- and glyburide-induced insulin secretion and it also the increase in insulin secretion and a rise of [Ca[superscript2]+] induced by KCI-and Bay K 8644, an L-type Ca2+ channel. Furthermore, p-MCA increased cyclic AMP content of INS-1 cells and enhanced the increase of cyclic AMP content induced by forskolin ; however p-MCA failed to enhance the effect of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. P-MCA was a potent competitive inhibitor against yeast alpha-glucosidase However, it had no inhibitory activities on mammalian alpha-glucosidases and alpha-amylase.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1624
title: Utilization of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash as a partial aggregate replacemant in cement mortars

description: The research was conducted to investigate characteristics of two types of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA) ; sprayed and non-sprayed, collected from a mass-burn incinerator in Phuket, Thailand. Solidified MSWIFA was applied to replace natural sand for producing MSWIFA cement mortars. The following physical and chemical characteristics were determined ; particle size distribution, bulk chemical and mineralogical compositions, total heavy metals, and leached heavy metals. Preliminary treatment of MSWIFA was carried out for chloride reduction by washing. Then, the washed MSWIFA was mixed with cement in solidification and stabilization (S/s) process to produce recycled aggregate and then compared their properties with natural sand. Cement mortar specimens containing recycled aggregate were examined for developments of compressive strength. The recycled aggregate cement mortars were as well evaluated for impacts on environmental safety and public health. The results showed that sprayed MSWIFA particles were bigger than those of non-sprayed MSWIFA. Although heavy metals from the both types were present in small amounts, concentrations of lead (Pb) and selenium (Se) exceeded the regulatory limits. From the preliminary treatment, it was found that high amount of chloride was dissolved in wash water. That was consistent with high chlorides determined in the chemical composition analyses. Comparison between recycled aggregate and natural aggregate showed that the recycled aggregates had a potential to be used as an admixture in concrete construction. Moreover, the development of compressive strength of cement mortar specimens at 28 days of curing age demonstrated that the compressive strengths of cement mortars containing 20 percent by weight of sprayed recycled aggregate was the highest. The group of specimens containing 10 percent sprayed fly ash possessed the highest strengths even when compared with control specimens. The 28-day cement mortars containing recycled aggregates were investigated for leachate characteristics by extraction procedure described in the Notification of Ministry of Industry No.6 B.E.2540 (1997).the results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate of all specimens met the regulatory limits.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1625
title: Heat equation on a compact lie group

description: We study the heat kernel on a compact Lie group. In this work, we will use structure theory of semisimple Lie algebra to find equivalent forms of the heat kernel on a general compact Lie group.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1626
title: Development of dual-drug resinates of dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine

description: The aim of this work was to develop the dual-drug resinate containing equivalent content of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DTM) and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH). To obtain this specific resinate, a procedure of simultaneous dual-drug loading using loading solutions composed of different proportions of DTM and DPH was performed and a dual-drug loading diagram was constructed to determine the equivalent drug content (EQC) and also the equivalent drug loading solution (ELS). The effects including degree of resin crosskinkage, overall drug concentration of loading solutions, resin quantity, temperature during drug loading and resin size on the values of ELS and EQC were assessed and discussed. It was found that increasing overall drug concentration from 0.25 to 1.0% w/v elevated the EQC values from 18 to 35% w/w for 2 and 4% crosslinked resins, and from 18 to 27 % w/w for 8% crosslinked resin. It also changed the values of ELS from 0.50 to 0.48 for 2 and 4% crosslinked resins, while from 0.50 to 0.55 for 8% crosslinked resin. Increasing resin quantity during drug loading exerted opposite effects on the values of EQC and ELS when compared with and effect of increasing overall drug concentration For 8% crosslinked resin, an increase of loading temperatures from 35 to 65 degrees Celsius caused further increase of EQC values from 27 to 32% w/w but changed the values of ELS in the reverse direction from 0.55 to 0.48. The change of loading temperatures (35 to 55degrees Celsius) did not have significant effect on the values of EQC and ELS for 2 and 4 % crosslinked resins. Different particle size of 4% crosslinked resins had no effect on the values of EQC and ELS. The drug release from the resonates was performed in 0.05 to 0.4 N of KCI solutions and a simulated intestinal fluid. The resonates using 2 and 4% crosslinked resins provided rapid drug release; while, the resinate using 8% crosslinked resin gave considerably extended drug release. An increase in the total cation concentration generally accelerated the release of both drugs, except for 0.4 N KCI solution in which the drug release from the resinate of 8% crosslinked resin was slightly decreased. The release kinetic of both drugs from the resonates could be described by the particle diffusion controlled process. DSC and XRD analysis revealed that DTM and DPH were transformed from the crystalline to amorphous state. It indicated that both drugs mono-molecularly dispersed in the resinate. IR results confimed ionic interaction occurring between the opposite charges of loaded drugs and resin. In conclusion, the above finding demonstrated that the proposed method could be used to produce the equivalent content dual-drug resinate The dual-drug resinate using a suitable crosslinked resin could be applied for the concurrent delivery of two combined drugs which have the same therapeutic dose.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1627
title: Development of transparent nano-crystalline alumina ceramic : effects of forming and sintering conditions

description: To develop a technology for synthesizing transparent polycrystalline alumina ceramic by controlling the grain size in the range of nanometer level. The experiment concentrated on the effects of forming and sintering conditions on the transparency and grain size. Alumina powder (TMDA) of nanometer size was used as starting material. The alumina powder was mixed with MgO ranging from 0-0.1 wt%. Alumina bodies were formed by both cold isostatic press (CIP) and gel casting using agar as the gelling additive. The green bodies were sintered at 1250 to 1550 ํC for 2 h both in air and under vacuum followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1250 and 1300 ํC for 2 h under ar pressure of 150 MPa. Alumina ceramic doped with MgO formed by CIP method and sintered under vacuum at 1450 to 1550 ํC was translucent, while MgO-free alumina ceramic was opaque. On the other hand, both MgO-free and MgO doped alumina ceramic sintered in air were opague. Nanometer sized grain was achieved at the sintering temperature lower than 1350 ํC. Specimen pre-sintered in air atmosphere followed by hot isostatic pressing became transparent. On the other hand, specimen pre-sintered under vacuum was translucent and still showed gray color. Alumina ceramics formed by gel casting showed transparency. However, alumina ceramics formed by CIP method showed transparency better than that formed by gel casting method.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1628
title: Jitter management in multipath routing for mobile AD HOC network

description: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are infrastuctureless network. This can be deployed without existence of base station. Therefore, each node in the network must be capable of performing as host and router. One important problem of the ad hoc network is "routing". The network has to find appropriate paths from source to destination which has not been known yet. To satisfy today's requirements, ad hoc network should be capable of traversing multimedia applications. That is why the routing mechanism should also take into account the basic requirements of such applications. Jitter is one of most important metrics in real-time multimedia data transfer. Jitter should be kept as minimum as possible in order to get high quality multimedia transmission. Jitter control can be reduced by simple technique of buffering packet. In the multihop environment, the end-to-end jitter is a summation hop-by-hop jitter. Therefore, jitter control is applied to each intermediate node instead of at only the receiver. Multipath routing is another routing strategy in ad hoc network environment. Route dicovery process will find more than one valid route. Only one route is used for data transmission. The others are dedicated for backups and being monitored periodically to obtain jitter information. If there is a better path along data transmission process, it will be switched to the new path. By accomplishing this scheme, we can achieve ad-hoc multimedia communication routes with sufficiently low jitter.
DOI: 10.15161/oar.it/73152
title: CovidStat project data

description: This record contains the daily updated data of the CovidStat project. CovidStat is a project carried out by the CovidStat Working Group at INFN, whose creation was promoted within the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics with the aim of making a statistical analysis of the data provided daily by the Civil Protection on the spread of the pandemic in Italy. CovidStat data can interactively be browsed at https://covid19.infn.it.
description: The software to process this Root TTree is in the related identifier. Be sure to use the right corresponding version, based on the data in which Root TTree was generated.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1629
title: Interaction of health expenditure and the Thai economy

description: In determining appropriate policy, leaders in developing countries constantly face with the dilemma of how to allocate money between social and economic development. It has been long accepted that the two factors are closely linked. A prosperous economy will reap higher tax revenues, providing governments with the financial means to provide social programs to the public. Improved social factors, such as education and health, will make the labor force more productive, which, in turn, promotes improved economic development. This research formulates a macroeconometric model of the Thai economy, with particular emphasis on the health care sector, to test and compare various policy programs in medical care or other industries. In particular, the model is used to test the effect of the recent universal coverage scheme, implemented in late 2001. The methodology utilizes a two-staged least squares (TSLS) approach to estimate the 20-equation model. Quarterly data are acquired from several sources, including the Ministry of Public Health, the National Economic and Social Development Board, the National Statistics Office, and the Bank of Thailand. The results from these tests show that the universal coverage scheme has little influence on health status, but instead shows significant effects on spending patterns medical care. Improvements directed at the provision of health care services, such as investments in medical technology or the accessibility of medical personnel, shows decided improvements in health but very slight affect on the economy. Government expenditures in health, however, prove the most effective policy for improving Thailand’s health and economy.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1631
title: Market timing and index tracking by genetic programming in Thailand

description: This thesis applies genetic programming to solve the investment problem of market timing and index tracking. Genetic programming is a computer algorithm used to find the optimal solution. The solution found by genetic programming is a local solution but it is recognized that the solution is close to the exact solution. In this study, genetic programming technique is used to find a profitable trading strategy so as to solve the problem of market timing. The trading strategy will generate both buy and sell signals based on the historical data of Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) index. If genetic programming is able to find a profitable trading strategy, it means that investors could earn excess return over that of SET index when they apply the strategy with the index. However, in fact, investors cannot invest directly in SET index. So, they must form their index-tracking portfolio. Thus, this thesis will also apply genetic programming to solve for the combinations of index-tracking portfolio that generates daily returns as same as the index. This tracking portfolio is established from the securities having been the members of SET50 index. In this study, the tracking portfolio is consisted of 5, 10 and 15 companies. The combination of solutions for both market timing problem and index tracking problem is applied to the out of sample test in order to verify the possibility of the trading strategy becoming lucrative in the real practice. This thesis applies genetic programming technique to SET index data from year 1995 to 2003. The final results suggest that genetic programming dramatically help in finding both the profitable trading strategy and the tracking portfolio in training period. However, for out of sample period, the combination of the solutions found by genetic programming generates excess return over SET index with no strong evidence. Almost excess returns are positive but each t-statistic is not strongly significant. Hence, the study cannot conclude that the SET is the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) in the study period.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1632
title: Accumulation of organochlorine residues in water, sediment and aquatic invertebrates at Khong 7, Rangsit agricultural area, Pathum Thani Province

description: Organochlorine pesticides residues (OCPRs) such as sigmaBHCs, sigmaHeptachlor, sigmaAldrin, sigmaDDTs, sigmaEndosulfans, sigmaEndrin, and methoxychlor collected from water, sediment, and aquatic invertebrates such as Lanchester's freshwater prawn Machrobrachium lanchesteri, aple snail Pomacea sp., and freshwater snail Filopaludina martensi from Khlong 7, Rangsit agricultural area, Pathum Thani province from June 2004 to May 2005, were measured using gas chromatography-micro electron capture detector (GC- microECD). The means of minimum and maximum concentrations of OCPRs in water, sediment, M. lanchesteri, Pomacea sp., and F. martensi were 0.004-0.08 microg./L, 0.16-14.67 microg./kg dry weight, 2.08-53.04 microg./kg dry wet weitht, 6.77-47.83 microg./kg dry weight, and 5.39-79.61 microg./kg dry weight, respectively. The highest amount of OCPRs were sigmaEndosulfans (0.08 microg./L) in water samples, sigmaHeptachlors (14.67 microg./kg dry weight) in sediment samples, and sigmaDDTs in invertebrate samples (47.83, 53.04, and 79.61 microg./kg wet weight in Pomacea sp., M. lanchesteri, and F. martensi, respectively). For the OCPSs accumulations, the invertebrate-water ratios of sigmaDDTs were 2,483, 2,754 and 4,133 folds in Pomacea sp., M. lanchesteri, and F. martensi, respectively, whereas the invertebrate-desiment ratios were 4.0, 4.4 and 6.6 folds in Pomacea sp., M. lanchesteri, and F. martensi, respectively. Accumulations of OCPSs were mostly found in F. martensi more than in Pomacea sp. and M. lanchesteri. The higher OCPSs accumulation in F. martensi might be explained by its feeding behavior as a scavenger and its benthic life form. Therefore, F. martensi tents to expose to pesticides, by both absorption and ingestion, higher than Pomacea sp. and M. lanchesteri which prefer to live mainly at the littoral zone. However, the levels of OCPSs in all aquatic invertebrates were in acceptable limit recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1633
title: Utilization of mixed anionic/cationic surfactants for styrene and ethylcyclohexane solubilization/entrapment in contaminated subsurface remediation technologies

description: This research reports the studies of mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants having single and twin head groups. The surfactant mixtures investigated were: (a) a single-head anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in mixture with the twin-head cationic surfactant pentamethyl-octadecyl-1,3-propane diammonium dichloride (PODD) adsorption was studied on silica; and (b) a twin-head anionic surfactant, sodium hexadecyl-diphenyloxide disulfanate (SHDPDS), and the single-head cationic surfactant dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPCl) adsorption was studied on alumina. While the mixed surfactant system of SHDPDS/DPCl showed comparable adsorption on alumina to SHDPDS-alone, the mixed surfactant system of SDS/PODD showed increased adsorption on silica as compared to PODD-alone. Mixtures of SDS/PODD showed solubilization synergism when mixed at a molar ratio of 1:3; however, solubilization experiments of mixed SHDPDS/DPCI at a ratio of 3:1 did not show solubilization enhancement over SHDPDS-alone. The adsolubilization of ethylcyclohexane was greater in mixed SDS/PODD system than for PODD-alone and in mixed SHDPDS/DPCI system than for SHDPDS-alone. The experiments of organic solutes retardation through the column packed with silica adsorbent showed dramatical synergism of mixed surfactant which adsorbed on silica surface. Thus this study suggests that the adsorbent of mixed admicelles on silica can be effectively used for groundwater plume management without the contamination from the surfactants themselves.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1635
title: Characterization of apis cerana alpha-glucosidase cDNA

description: Apis cerana is one of native honeybees in Thailand. It can be as well managed in an apiary as A. mellifera. Its honey and other products such as royal jelly, wax, propolis, etc. are popular among consumers. Alpha glucosidase (AG) as in E.C. 3.2.1.20 is an enzyme that specifically hydrolyses 1, 4-linked-alpha-glucosidic bond in sucrose to be fructose and glucose. It involves in honey production. Hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) located in a head of worker bees were used as AG sources. Primers for RT-PCR were designed from conserved regions of AG in A. mellifera. Under the optimum condition, the cDNA sequence of AG (1,740 bp in length) was obtained and compared to that cDNA from other organisms. It is partially similar to the AG in A. mellifera at 96% (1,740 bp comparison), to maltase in A. mellifera at 53.44% (1,570 bp comparison), and to maltase in Culicoides sonorensis at 48.75% (1,600 bp comparison). Due to UPGMA and Neighbor joining program, phylogenetic trees of amino acid support that AG of A. cerana was very similar to AG of A. mellifera. Later, AG of A. cerana was purified and characterized. Worker bees (430 g) were homogenized to be crude (0.696 u/ mg), precipitated with 95% ammomium sulfate (0.235 u/mg), and purified by DEAE cellulose (2.171 u/ mg), CM cellulose (0.154 u/mg), and Superdex 200 chromatography (1.804) u/mg). Specific activity increased to 0.34, 3.11, 0.22, and 2.59 fold, respectively. The optimum conditions of purified AG after Superdex 200 were at pH 5.0, at temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and at incubation time of 50 min. The concentration of sucrose at 60 mM was used. MW of AG was estimated to be approximately 68 kDa. Furthermore, purified AG (both by in gel and in solution digestions of trypsin) was analysed by MALDI-TOF MS. The mass spectra confirmed the obtained amino acid sequence of AG (at least 4 matching masses with 4% coverage and at least 18 matching masses with 19% coverage).
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2005.1636
title: Preparation and oxygen permeation of dual-phase perovskite membranes

description: The perovskite oxides of La[subscript 0.3]Sr[subscript 0.7]Al[subscript 0.2]Fe[subscript 0.8]O[subscript 3-delta] (LSAF), Ba[subscript 0.5]Sr[subscript 0.5]Co[subscript 0.8]Fe[subscript 0.2]O[subscript 3-delta] (BSCF), La[subscript 0.6]Sr[subscript 0.4]Co[subscript 0.delta]Fe[subscript 0.2] O[subscript 3-delta] (LSCF) and Lo[subscript 0.6]Srsubscript 0.4]Co[subscript O3-delta] (LSC) were synthesized by a modified citrate method and solution method. The crystal structure of single-phase perovskite power was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD0. LSAF-BSCF, LSAF-LSCF and LSAF-LSC dual-phase membranes were prepared by mixing the powder of LSAF with BSCF, LSCF and LSC, respectively with ratio 12:1-12:4 by weight. The dual-phase membranes were sintered around 1,200-1,400 C for 5-10 hours. The XRD analysis showed the formation of cubic perovskite phase. Influence of sintering time, sintering temperature and amount of BSCF, LSCF and LSC on the morphology of dual-phase membranes were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result exhibited that the grain size of the dual-phase membranes after sintering at 1,400 C for 6 hours is larger than that of the other conditions. All dual-phase perovskites with ratio 12:4 had the largest grain size. The oxygen desorption property of dual-phase perovskite was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and temperature program desorption of oxygen (O[subscript 2]-TPD). TGA results demonstrated that the amount of oxygen desorption of LSAF-LSC dual-phase with ratio 12:4 by weight had higher value compared to those of LSAF and the other ratios of dual-phase of LSAF-BSCF and LSAF-LSCF. The O[subscript 2]-TPD data revealed the total amount of oxygen liberated from composite LSAF-BSCF is less than the pure phase of LSAF. The LSAF-LSCF with ratio 12:2 and LSAF-LSC with ratio 12:4 showed the high oxygen desorption than those of the other ratios. Therefore, the oxygen permeation flux of LSAF could be increased by mixing LSAF with LSCF and LSC.