cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qd60
title: Data from: Effects of light environment during growth on the expression of cone opsin genes and behavioral spectral sensitivities in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

description: Background: The visual system is important for animals for mate choice,
 food acquisition, and predator avoidance. Animals possessing a visual
 system can sense particular wavelengths of light emanating from objects
 and their surroundings and perceive their environments by processing
 information contained in these visual perceptions of light. Visual
 perception in individuals varies with the absorption spectra of visual
 pigments and the expression levels of opsin genes, which may be altered
 according to the light environments. However, which light environments and
 the mechanism by which they change opsin expression profiles and whether
 these changes in opsin gene expression can affect light sensitivities are
 largely unknown. This study determined whether the light environment
 during growth induced plastic changes in opsin gene expression and
 behavioral sensitivity to particular wavelengths of light in guppies
 (Poecilia reticulata). Results: Individuals grown under orange light
 exhibited a higher expression of long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin
 genes and a higher sensitivity to 600-nm light than those grown under
 green light. In addition, we confirmed that variations in the expression
 levels of LWS opsin genes were related to the behavioral sensitivities to
 long wavelengths of light. Conclusions: The light environment during the
 growth stage alters the expression levels of LWS opsin genes and
 behavioral sensitivities to long wavelengths of light in guppies. The
 plastically enhanced sensitivity to background light due to changes in
 opsin gene expression can enhance the detection and visibility of
 predators and foods, thereby affecting survival. Moreover, changes in
 sensitivities to orange light may lead to changes in the discrimination of
 orange/red colors of male guppies and might alter female preferences for
 male color patterns.
description: BehavioralSensitivitiesBehavioral sensitivities to four wave length of light measured by optomotor responses using individual guppies grown under green or orange light environmentsOpsinExpressionValuesOpsin gene expression of guppy individuals grown under green and orange light environments
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1db54
title: Data from: The effect of maternal and paternal immune challenge on offspring immunity and reproduction in a cricket

description: Trans-generational immune priming is the transmission of enhanced immunity
 to offspring following a parental immune challenge. Although
 within-generation increased investment into immunity demonstrates clear
 costs on reproductive investment in a number of taxa, the potential for
 immune priming to impact on offspring reproductive investment has not been
 thoroughly investigated. We explored the reproductive costs of immune
 priming in a field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. To assess the relative
 importance of maternal and paternal immune status, mothers and fathers
 were immune challenged with live bacteria or a control solution and
 assigned to one of four treatments in which one parent, neither or both
 parents were immune challenged. Families of offspring were reared to
 adulthood under a food-restricted diet, and approximately 10 offspring in
 each family were assayed for two measures of immunocompetence. We
 additionally quantified offspring reproductive investment using sperm
 viability for males and ovary mass for females. We demonstrate that
 parental immune challenge has significant consequences for the
 immunocompetence and, in turn, reproductive investment of their male
 offspring. A complex interaction between maternal and paternal immune
 status increased the anti-bacterial immune response of male offspring.
 This elevated immune response was associated with a reduction in son’s
 sperm viability, implicating a trans-generational resource trade-off
 between investment into immunocompetence and reproduction. Our data also
 show that these costs are sexually dimorphic, as daughters did not
 demonstrate a similar increase in immunity, despite showing a reduction in
 ovary mass.
description: Parental immune priming
 and offspring immunocompetence and reproductive
 investmentFirst tab: the effect of
 maternal and paternal immune challenge on offspring immunity (lytic and PO
 activity) and reproductive investment. Second tab: the effect of maternal
 and paternal immune challenge on the likelihood of the paternal generation
 successfully matingDryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d04h0
title: Data from: Hidden costs of infection: chronic malaria accelerates telomere degradation and senescence in wild birds

description: Recovery from infection is not always complete, and mild chronic infection
 may persist. Although the direct costs of such infections are apparently
 small, the potential for any long-term effects on Darwinian fitness is
 poorly understood. In a wild population of great reed warblers, we found
 that low-level chronic malaria infection reduced life span as well as the
 lifetime number and quality of offspring. These delayed fitness effects of
 malaria appear to be mediated by telomere degradation, a result supported
 by controlled infection experiments on birds in captivity. The results of
 this study imply that chronic infection may be causing a series of small
 adverse effects that accumulate and eventually impair phenotypic quality
 and Darwinian fitness.
description: Wild GRW DRYAD1_Asghar
 et al.Wild great reed warblers
 data for lifespan, lifetime reproductive success, telomere length and
 malaria infection statusOffspring GRW
 DRYAD2_Asghar et al.Great reed warblers age
 and malaria infection status at time of breeding event and their offspring
 early-life telomere lengthExperimental GRW
 DRYAD3_Asghar et al.Experimental great reed
 warblers data for malaria infection and telomere
 degradationSongRate GRW
 DRYAd4_Asghar et al.Male great reed warblers
 song rate and malaria infection statusFemalFeeding GRW
 DRYAD5_Asghar et al.Female great reed
 warblers offspring feeding rate and malaria status
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf151
title: Data from: Additive genetic variance and effects of inbreeding, sex and age on heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in song sparrows

description: 1. Physiological traits can influence individual fitness and evolutionary
 changes in stress-related physiological traits have been hypothesized to
 mediate the evolution of life-history traits and trade-offs. The
 hypothesis that such physiological variation could drive ongoing
 life-history evolution requires non-zero additive genetic variance in
 individual stress-related physiological traits. However, the magnitude of
 genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation in
 stress-related physiological traits has not been estimated in fully
 developed vertebrates under natural environmental conditions. 2. We used
 490 observations of heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, one
 stress-related physiological trait, collected from 350 fully developed
 song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) across nine different sampling periods
 to estimate direct and interacting effects of individual and parental
 coefficients of inbreeding (f), sampling period, age and sex, and to
 estimate additive genetic variance and heritability. 3. Across all nine
 sampling periods combined, H:L ratio increased with individual f. However,
 there was a significant individual f by period interaction whereby H:L
 ratio increased with individual f in two of the nine sampling periods,
 hence indicating inbreeding depression. H:L ratio was higher (suggesting
 an increase in baseline stress level) in older individuals, did not differ
 between males and females and did not vary with parental f. 4. A
 quantitative genetic ‘animal model’ estimated low additive genetic
 variance in individual H:L ratio. The estimated heritability was h2=0.04
 and did not differ significantly from zero. 5. Overall, these results
 imply that the magnitude of inbreeding depression, as measured through H:L
 ratio, varies with environmental conditions. In contrast, the low
 estimated heritability implies relatively low potential for H:L ratio to
 show an evolutionary response to selection, or hence to mediate the
 evolution of life-history trade-offs.
description: Phenotypic
 dataPhenotypic data for the
 analyses of Heterophil to Lymphocyte ratiosHL_dryad.txtPedigree dataPedigree data for the animal model analyses of heterophil to lymphocyte ratiopedigree_dryad.txtData repeatabilityPhenotypic data for the analyses of repeatability of Heterophil to Lymphocyte ratiosrepeatability_dryad.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f7t25
title: Data from: Candidate gene-environment interactions and their relationships with timing of breeding in a wild bird population

description: Monitoring and predicting evolutionary changes underlying current
 environmental modifications are complex challenges. Recent approaches to
 achieve these objectives include assessing the genetic variation and
 effects of candidate genes on traits indicating adaptive potential. In
 birds, for example, short tandem repeat polymorphism at four candidate
 genes (CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1, and CREB1) has been linked to variation in
 phenological traits such as laying date and timing of migration. However,
 our understanding of their importance as evolutionary predictors is still
 limited, mainly because the extent of genotype–environment interactions
 (GxE) related to these genes has yet to be assessed. Here, we studied a
 population of Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) over 4 years in southern
 Québec (Canada) to assess the relationships between those four candidate
 genes and two phenological traits related to reproduction (laying date and
 incubation duration) and also determine the importance of GxE in this
 system. Our results showed that NPAS2 female genotypes were nonrandomly
 distributed across the study system and formed a longitudinal cline with
 longer genotypes located to the east. We observed relationships between
 length polymorphism at all candidate genes and laying date and/or
 incubation duration, and most of these relationships were affected by
 environmental variables (breeding density, latitude, or temperature). In
 particular, the positive relationships detected between laying date and
 both CLOCK and NPAS2 female genotypes were variable depending on breeding
 density. Our results suggest that all four candidate genes potentially
 affect timing of breeding in birds and that GxE are more prevalent and
 important than previously reported in this context.
description: Genotypes at four
 candidate lociGenotypes at four
 candidate loci (CLOCK1, ADCYAP1, NPAS2, CREB1) for all tree swallows
 sampled in this study.TRSW_genotypes.csvData for GxE analysesData used for GxE analyses, where each line represented a reproductive event within a nest box. Columns included year (YEAR), female identity (ID.F) and its age (AGE.F; SY=second-year, ASY=after second-year), male identity (ID.M), density of breeders (DENSITY; % of occupied nest boxes), altitude (ALT; meters), latitude and longitude (LAT, LONG; decimal degrees), May temperature (TEMP.LD; Celcius degrees), April temperature (Celcius degree), laying date (LD; julian days), incubation duration (INC; days), and sum of alleles at the four studied loci for females (CLOCK.SUM.F, ADCYAP.SUM.F, CREB.SUM.F, NPAS.SUM.F) and males (CLOCK.SUM.M, ADCYAP.SUM.M, CREB.SUM.M, NPAS.SUM.M).TRSW_data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mb65n
title: Data from: Multiscale evaluation of thermal dependence in the glucocorticoid response of vertebrates

description: Environmental temperature has profound effects on animal physiology,
 ecology, and evolution. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, through effects on
 phenotypic performance and life history, provide fundamental vertebrate
 physiological adaptations to environmental variation, yet we lack a
 comprehensive understanding of how temperature influences GC regulation in
 vertebrates. Using field studies and meta- and comparative phylogenetic
 analyses, we investigated how acute change and broadscale variation in
 temperature correlated with baseline and stress-induced GC levels.
 Glucocorticoid levels were found to be temperature and taxon dependent,
 but generally, vertebrates exhibited strong positive correlations with
 acute changes in temperature. Furthermore, reptile baseline, bird
 baseline, and capture stress-induced GC levels to some extent covaried
 with broadscale environmental temperature. Thus, vertebrate GC function
 appears clearly thermally influenced. However, we caution that lack of
 detailed knowledge of thermal plasticity, heritability, and the basis for
 strong phylogenetic signal in GC responses limits our current
 understanding of the role of GC hormones in species' responses to
 current and future climate variation.
description: Supplementary
 material-2016
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5328
title: Data from: Evolutionary history shapes patterns of mutualistic benefit in Acacia-rhizobial interactions

description: The ecological and evolutionary factors that drive the emergence and
 maintenance of variation in mutualistic benefit (i.e. the benefits
 provided by one partner to another) in mutualistic symbioses are not well
 understood. In this study we evaluated the role that host and symbiont
 phylogeny might play in determining patterns of mutualistic benefit (host
 response) for interactions among nine species of Acacia and 31 strains of
 nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Using phylogenetic comparative methods
 we compared patterns of variation in mutualistic benefit to rhizobial
 phylogenies constructed from housekeeping and symbiosis genes; and a
 multi-gene host phylogeny. We found widespread genotype-by-genotype
 variation in patterns of plant growth. A relatively large component of
 this variation (21-28%) was strongly influenced by the interacting
 evolutionary histories of both partners, such that phylogenetically
 similar host species had similar growth responses when inoculated with
 phylogenetically similar rhizobia. We also found a relatively large
 non-phylogenetic effect for the average mutualistic benefit provided by
 rhizobia to plants, such that phylogenetic relatedness did not predict the
 overall benefit provided by rhizobia across all hosts. We conclude that
 phylogenetic relatedness should frequently predict patterns of mutualistic
 benefit in acacia-rhizobial mutualistic interactions; but that some
 mutualistic traits also evolve independently of the phylogenies.
description: Acacia dry
 weightsDry weights of replicant
 plants belonging to nine acacia species in response to inoculation with 31
 different rhizobial strainsNAPdata.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.62h0b
title: Data from: A combined morphometric and phylogenetic revision of the late Ordovician brachiopod genera Eochonetes and Thaerodonta

description: Systematic revision of the Late Ordovician brachiopod genera Eochonetes
 Reed, 1917 and Thaerodonta Wang, 1949 was conducted utilizing
 specimen-based morphometric and species-level phylogenetic analyses.
 Previous studies had recognized Thaerodonta and Eochonetes as either
 distinct taxonomic entities or synonyms. New multivariate and phylogenetic
 analyses confirm the synonymy of Thaerodonta with Eochonetes and provide a
 framework to assess evolutionary and ecological patterns within the clade.
 Multivariate analyses were employed to delineate species in morphospace
 and provided information on potential species relationships. Phylogenetic
 analysis was used to produce an evolutionary framework for taxonomic
 revision and identify character evolution within the clade. Most species
 previously assigned to Thaerodonta are transferred to Eochonetes, and
 three others are excluded from Eochonetes and provisionally referred to
 other sowerbyellid genera. Three new species (Eochonetes maearum new
 species, E. voldemortus new species, E. minerva new species) are
 described, one species (Leptaena saxea Sardeson, 1892) is synonymized with
 E. recedens Sardeson, 1892, and one subspecies (Thaerodonta mucronata
 scabra Howe, 1965) is rejected. This study demonstrates that a combination
 of complementary approaches and data types has the potential to advance
 interpretations beyond analyses confined to single analytical tools.
 Specifically, multivariate analyses provide constraints on species
 boundaries, whereas species-level phylogenetic analyses provide frameworks
 to examine morphological, ecological, and biogeographic evolution within a
 clade.
description: Bauer_SupplementalData1All operational taxonomic units examined. Acronyms represent locations of species in open nomenclature: MN = Minnesota; TX = Texas; OK = Oklahoma; ID = Idaho; WY = Wyoming.Bauer_SupplementalData2Individuals examined from museum collections. Acronyms indicate location of specimen: MN = Minnesota; TX = Texas; OK = Oklahoma; ID = Idaho; WY = Wyoming; RUS = Russia.Bauer_SupplementalData3Data tables utilized for multivariate analysesBauer_SupplementalData4Raw data for morphometric analysesBauer_SupplementalData5Standardized data ranges utilized for phylogenetic analysisBauer_SupplementalData6Stratigraphic correlation references
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6q750
title: Data from: Genotype specificity among hosts, pathogens, and beneficial microbes influences the strength of symbiont mediated protection

description: The microbial symbionts of eukaryotes influence disease resistance in many
 host-parasite systems. Symbionts show substantial variation in both
 genotype and phenotype, but it is unclear how natural selection maintains
 this variation. It is also unknown whether variable symbiont genotypes
 show specificity with the genotypes of hosts or parasites in natural
 populations. Genotype by genotype interactions are a necessary condition
 for coevolution between interacting species. Uncovering the patterns of
 genetic specificity among hosts, symbionts, and parasites is therefore
 critical for determining the role that symbionts play in host-parasite
 coevolution. Here we show that the strength of protection conferred
 against a fungal pathogen by a vertically-transmitted symbiont of an aphid
 is influenced by both host-symbiont and symbiont-pathogen genotype by
 genotype interactions. Further, we show that certain symbiont phylogenetic
 clades have evolved to provide stronger protection against particular
 pathogen genotypes. However, we found no evidence of reciprocal adaptation
 of co-occurring host and symbiont lineages. Our results suggest that
 genetic variation among symbiont strains may be maintained by antagonistic
 co-evolution with their host and/or their host's parasites.
description: Complete experimental
 data[1] Sporulation data for
 the G_symbiont x G_pathogen experiment. Each line represents one aphid
 harboring a particular symbiont ("Symbiont_Genotype") infected
 with the fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis ("Fungal_Genotype").
 A "0" indicates that the aphid did not produce a sporulating
 cadaver, a "1" indicates that the aphid sporulated. [2] Survival
 data from the same experiment (G_symbiont x G_pathogen) (control aphids
 only). The columns day and survival form the Surv object for survival
 analysis: status indicates the aphid was alive (0) or dead (1) on a given
 day. [3] Sporulation data for the G_symbiont x G_host experiment. Aphid
 genotype ("Host.Genotype") and symbiont genotype
 ("Symbiont.Genotype") are indicated. As above, each line
 represents an individual aphid, with a "0" indicating that the
 aphid did not produce a sporulating cadaver, a "1" indicating
 that the aphid sporulated.data_complete.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rf14r
title: Data from: Interactive effects of a non-native invasive grass Microstegium vimineum and herbivore exclusion on experimental tree regeneration under differing forest management

description: 1. Invasive plants, herbivores and site management history can play
 crucial roles in determining plant community composition. The net effects
 of invasive species on plant communities are well known, but we have a
 poor understanding of the relative contributions of direct competitive
 effects of invasive species and their interactions with herbivores and
 management practices. Understanding interactions among plant invasions,
 herbivores and management history is critical for predicting and managing
 long-term ecological effects of invasions on native communities. 2. We
 investigated the effects of the invasive annual grass Microstegium
 vimineum, vertebrate herbivory, site management history and their
 interactions on seedling performance of five native tree species in six
 forest sites. Half of the sites had been subjected to recent timber
 harvesting and half had not been managed for timber for at least 20 years.
 We evaluated tree seedling survival and biomass after two growing seasons
 in blocked split-plots where the invasive grass was present or
 experimentally removed and where vertebrate herbivores were excluded by
 fencing or allowed onto the plots. 3. Removal of the invasive grass and
 herbivore exclosures both had positive effects on seedling survival.
 Survival of all species was significantly increased by removal or by the
 interaction of removal with exclosure or timber harvest history. There was
 a significant interaction between exclosure and removal on seedling
 biomass where seedlings were larger in exclosure treatments with the
 invasive removed but smaller in exclosure treatments when the invader was
 present. Mean seedling biomass was 79.6% greater in harvested sites than
 in non-harvested sites. The significant positive effects of removal and
 recent timber harvest on the biomass of two Quercus species suggests
 strong impacts of invasion and management history on this important genus.
 4. Synthesis and applications. An invasive grass directly inhibited tree
 seedling performance but effects depended on herbivore exclusion
 treatment, timber harvest history and tree species. Our results suggest
 that forest management strategies should incorporate invasive plant
 control given that regeneration of desirable tree species can be
 influenced by plant invasions and their interactions with herbivores and
 previous management practices.
description: Johnson etal. 2014
 dataSeedling data used in
 this study.