cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829167
title: Blurring emotional memories using eye movements: individual differences and speed of eye movements

description: In eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), patients make eye movements (EM) while recalling traumatic memories. Making EM taxes working memory (WM), which leaves less resources available for imagery of the memory. This reduces memory vividness and emotionality during future recalls. WM theory predicts that individuals with small working memory capacities (WMCs) benefit more from low levels of taxing (i.e., slow EM) whereas individuals with large WMC benefit more from high levels of taxing (i.e., fast EM). We experimentally examined and tested four prespecified hypotheses regarding the role of WMC and EM speed in reducing emotionality and vividness ratings: 1) EM—regardless of WMC and EM speed—are more effective compared to no dual task, 2) increasing EM speed only affects the decrease in memory ratings irrespective of WMC, 3) low-WMC individuals—compared to high-WMC individuals—benefit more from making either type of EM, 4) the EM intervention is most effective when—as predicted by WM theory—EM are adjusted to WMC. Undergraduates with low (<i>n</i>=31) or high (<i>n</i>=35) WMC recalled three emotional memories and rated vividness and emotionality before and after each condition (recall only, recall + slow EM, and recall + fast EM). Contrary to the theory, the data do not support the hypothesis that EM speed should be adjusted to WMC (hypothesis 4). However, the data show that a dual task in general is more effective in reducing memory ratings than no dual task (hypothesis 1), and that a more cognitively demanding dual task increases the intervention's effectiveness (hypothesis 2). Although adjusting EM speed to an individual's WMC seems a straightforward clinical implication, the data do not show any indication that such a titration is helpful.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829170
title: Are experiences of family and of organized violence predictors of aggression and violent behavior? A study with unaccompanied refugee minors

description: There is strong support for familial abuse as a risk factor for later delinquency and violent offending, whereas empirical evidence about the contribution of experienced organized violence to the cycle of violence is less clear. Nevertheless not all abused children do become violent offenders. This raises the question of which factors influence these children's risk of future aggressive behavior. Recent evidence suggests that the trait of appetitive aggression plays an important role in the prediction of aggressive behavior. The focus of the study is to investigate whether exposures to 1) organized; and 2) family violence equally contribute to aggressive behavior and how this is related to a trait of appetitive aggression. Furthermore it is of interest to uncover how the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms modulates associations between violent experiences and aggression. To answer these questions, we investigated unaccompanied refugee minors who had been exposed to varying levels of both violence types. Using structured interviews, experiences of organized and familial violence, self-committed aggressive acts, the trait of appetitive aggression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 49 volunteers. A sequential regression analysis revealed that the trait of appetitive aggression and experienced family violence were independent and significant predictors of self-committed aggressive acts, altogether accounting for 70% of the variance. Exposure to organized violence, however, was not significantly associated with aggressive acts or appetitive aggression. PTSD symptom severity was not correlated with measures of aggression but with the exposure to familial and organized violence. Results suggest that in addition to the impact of family violence, an elevated trait of appetitive aggression plays a crucial role in aggressive behavior and should be considered in psychotherapeutic treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829170.v1
title: Are experiences of family and of organized violence predictors of aggression and violent behavior? A study with unaccompanied refugee minors

description: There is strong support for familial abuse as a risk factor for later delinquency and violent offending, whereas empirical evidence about the contribution of experienced organized violence to the cycle of violence is less clear. Nevertheless not all abused children do become violent offenders. This raises the question of which factors influence these children's risk of future aggressive behavior. Recent evidence suggests that the trait of appetitive aggression plays an important role in the prediction of aggressive behavior. The focus of the study is to investigate whether exposures to 1) organized; and 2) family violence equally contribute to aggressive behavior and how this is related to a trait of appetitive aggression. Furthermore it is of interest to uncover how the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms modulates associations between violent experiences and aggression. To answer these questions, we investigated unaccompanied refugee minors who had been exposed to varying levels of both violence types. Using structured interviews, experiences of organized and familial violence, self-committed aggressive acts, the trait of appetitive aggression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 49 volunteers. A sequential regression analysis revealed that the trait of appetitive aggression and experienced family violence were independent and significant predictors of self-committed aggressive acts, altogether accounting for 70% of the variance. Exposure to organized violence, however, was not significantly associated with aggressive acts or appetitive aggression. PTSD symptom severity was not correlated with measures of aggression but with the exposure to familial and organized violence. Results suggest that in addition to the impact of family violence, an elevated trait of appetitive aggression plays a crucial role in aggressive behavior and should be considered in psychotherapeutic treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829173
title: Right temporal cortical hypertrophy in resilience to trauma: an MRI study

description: In studies employing physiological measures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is often hard to distinguish what constitutes risk-resilience factors to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure and what the effects of trauma exposure and PTSD are. We aimed to investigate whether there were observable morphological differences in cortical and sub-cortical regions of the brain, 7–8 years after a single potentially traumatic event. Twenty-four participants, who all directly experienced the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and 25 controls, underwent structural MRI using a 3T scanner. We generated cortical thickness maps and parcellated sub-cortical volumes for analysis. We observed greater cortical thickness for the trauma-exposed participants relative to controls, in a right lateralized temporal lobe region including anterior fusiform gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus. We observed greater thickness in the right temporal lobe which might indicate that the region could be implicated in resilience to the long-term effects of a traumatic event. We hypothesize this is due to altered emotional semantic memory processing. However, several methodological and confounding issues warrant caution in interpretation of the results. Following a traumatic event, most people do not develop long-lasting trauma-related symptoms.In a group who experienced a traumatic event 8 years prior, but showed low levels of trauma-related symptoms, we observed increased cortical thickness in the right temporal lobe.The right temporal lobe is implicated in emotional semantic memory processing, and thus might be associated with resilience to the long-term effects of a traumatic event. Following a traumatic event, most people do not develop long-lasting trauma-related symptoms. In a group who experienced a traumatic event 8 years prior, but showed low levels of trauma-related symptoms, we observed increased cortical thickness in the right temporal lobe. The right temporal lobe is implicated in emotional semantic memory processing, and thus might be associated with resilience to the long-term effects of a traumatic event.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829173.v1
title: Right temporal cortical hypertrophy in resilience to trauma: an MRI study

description: In studies employing physiological measures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is often hard to distinguish what constitutes risk-resilience factors to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure and what the effects of trauma exposure and PTSD are. We aimed to investigate whether there were observable morphological differences in cortical and sub-cortical regions of the brain, 7–8 years after a single potentially traumatic event. Twenty-four participants, who all directly experienced the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and 25 controls, underwent structural MRI using a 3T scanner. We generated cortical thickness maps and parcellated sub-cortical volumes for analysis. We observed greater cortical thickness for the trauma-exposed participants relative to controls, in a right lateralized temporal lobe region including anterior fusiform gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus. We observed greater thickness in the right temporal lobe which might indicate that the region could be implicated in resilience to the long-term effects of a traumatic event. We hypothesize this is due to altered emotional semantic memory processing. However, several methodological and confounding issues warrant caution in interpretation of the results. Following a traumatic event, most people do not develop long-lasting trauma-related symptoms.In a group who experienced a traumatic event 8 years prior, but showed low levels of trauma-related symptoms, we observed increased cortical thickness in the right temporal lobe.The right temporal lobe is implicated in emotional semantic memory processing, and thus might be associated with resilience to the long-term effects of a traumatic event. Following a traumatic event, most people do not develop long-lasting trauma-related symptoms. In a group who experienced a traumatic event 8 years prior, but showed low levels of trauma-related symptoms, we observed increased cortical thickness in the right temporal lobe. The right temporal lobe is implicated in emotional semantic memory processing, and thus might be associated with resilience to the long-term effects of a traumatic event.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7509988
title: TopSpec platform (pI-trap/Orbitrap/Omnitrap) combined data

description: Data 1 name: 20221221_500nulInflix250ngulNIST_180umcell-90minfocusing_2_externalpower_alwayson_omnitrap_ECD40ms_2 Description: A 4 µL mixture of infliximab (500ng/µL) and NISTmAb (250ng/µL) is aspirated by the Alias autosampler pI-trap system and transferred into the pI cell for 90-min, 2000V cIEF separation. After the focusing, the sample is slowly injected at 0.5 µL/min to Exploris 480 – omnitrap. Two experiments are set in the data acquisition method: 1. MS full scan with resolution 120 000. 2&3. MS/MS experiment performed by orbi-omnitrap. Two m/z ranges, 2481 ± 5 representing infliximab and 2471 ± 5 representing NISTmAb, respectively, are isolated and injected to the omnitrap, where ECD is executed with filament current 5.65A and irradiation time 40ms. Infliximab is the earlier peak at RT 12 -14 min, NISTmAb is the later peak 22 - 24 min. Data 2 name: 20221221_500nulInflix250ngulNIST_180umcell-90minfocusing_2_externalpower_alwayson_omnitrap_HCD30_1 Description: A 4 µL mixture of infliximab (500ng/µL) and NISTmAb (250ng/µL) is aspirated by the Alias autosampler pI-trap system and transferred into the pI cell for 90-min, 2000V cIEF separation. After the focusing, the sample is slowly injected at 0.5 µL/min to Exploris 480 – omnitrap. Three experiments are set in the data acquisition method: 1. MS full scan with resolution 120 000. 2&3. MS/MS experiment performed by orbi-omnitrap. Two m/z ranges, 2481 ± 5 representing infliximab and 2471 ± 5 representing NISTmAb, respectively, are isolated and get fragmented with HCD by orbitrap. HCD collision energy is set at 30%. Infliximab is the earlier peak at RT 12 -14 min, NISTmAb is the later peak 22 - 24 min. Data 3 name: 20221216_1ugulInflix100ngulNIST_180umcell-90minfocusing_2_externalpower_alwayson_omnitrap_EID50ms_2 Description: A 4 µL mixture of infliximab (1000ng/µL) and NISTmAb (100ng/µL) is aspirated by the Alias autosampler pI-trap system and transferred into the pI cell for 90-min, 2000V cIEF separation. After the focusing, the sample is slowly injected at 0.5 µL/min to Exploris 480 – omnitrap. Two experiments are set in the data acquisition method: 1. MS full scan with resolution 60 000. 2&3. MS/MS experiment performed by orbi-omnitrap. Two m/z ranges, 2481 ± 5 representing infliximab and 2471 ± 5 representing NISTmAb, respectively, are isolated and injected to the omnitrap, where ECD is executed with filament current 5.65A and irradiation time 40ms. 4. MS full scan with resolution 7500. Infliximab is the earlier peak at RT 12 -14 min, NISTmAb is the later peak 22 - 24 min.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829176
title: Child maltreatment and ADHD symptoms in a sample of young adults

description: The present study investigated the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment (emotional, sexual, overall abuse, and no abuse) and the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adulthood. Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. A sample of 4,718 young adults (24 years of age) were randomly selected using the total birth cohort of children born in 1984. Structured interviews were conducted with a response rate of 63%, equating to a total sample size of 2,980 participants. Chi-square analyses revealed significant relationships between child maltreatment groups and a probable diagnosis of ADHD using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the overall abuse class was more strongly associated with probable ADHD (OR=5.08), followed by emotional abuse (OR=3.09) and sexual abuse (OR=2.07). The results showed that childhood maltreatment was associated with increased risk of ADHD symptoms in young adulthood. The findings of this study are discussed within the existing literature and suggestions for future research are outlined in order to replicate these findings in other adult populations. Child maltreatment is associated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young Danish adults. Co-occurring (multiple) types of maltreatment display stronger associations with ADHD symptoms with attenuated effects for sexual abuse. Males confer stronger associations with ADHD symptoms than females. Findings underscore the importance of exploring the role of childhood trauma in young adults with ADHD symptoms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829176.v1
title: Child maltreatment and ADHD symptoms in a sample of young adults

description: The present study investigated the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment (emotional, sexual, overall abuse, and no abuse) and the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adulthood. Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. A sample of 4,718 young adults (24 years of age) were randomly selected using the total birth cohort of children born in 1984. Structured interviews were conducted with a response rate of 63%, equating to a total sample size of 2,980 participants. Chi-square analyses revealed significant relationships between child maltreatment groups and a probable diagnosis of ADHD using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the overall abuse class was more strongly associated with probable ADHD (OR=5.08), followed by emotional abuse (OR=3.09) and sexual abuse (OR=2.07). The results showed that childhood maltreatment was associated with increased risk of ADHD symptoms in young adulthood. The findings of this study are discussed within the existing literature and suggestions for future research are outlined in order to replicate these findings in other adult populations. Child maltreatment is associated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young Danish adults. Co-occurring (multiple) types of maltreatment display stronger associations with ADHD symptoms with attenuated effects for sexual abuse. Males confer stronger associations with ADHD symptoms than females. Findings underscore the importance of exploring the role of childhood trauma in young adults with ADHD symptoms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829179
title: Impact of new traumatic or stressful life events on pre-existing PTSD in traumatized refugees: results of a longitudinal study

description: <b><i>Background</i></b>: A significant proportion of trauma survivors experience an additional critical life event in the aftermath. These renewed experiences of traumatic and stressful life events may lead to an increase in trauma-related mental health symptoms. <b><i>Method</i></b>: In a longitudinal study, the effects of renewed experiences of a trauma or stressful life event were examined. For this purpose, refugees seeking asylum in Germany were assessed for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), anxiety, and depression (Hopkins Symptom Checklist [HSCL-25]) before treatment start as well as after 6 and 12 months during treatment (<i>N</i>=46). Stressful life events and traumatic events were recorded monthly. If a new event happened, PDS and HSCL were additionally assessed directly afterwards. Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-tests were performed to calculate the differences between the group that experienced an additional critical event (stressful vs. trauma) during treatment (<i>n</i>=23) and the group that did not (<i>n</i>=23), as well as differences within the critical event group between the stressful life event group (<i>n</i>=13) and the trauma group (<i>n</i>=10). <b><i>Results</i></b>: Refugees improved significantly during the 12-month period of our study, but remained severely distressed. In a comparison of refugees with a new stressful life event or trauma, significant increases in PTS, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were found directly after the experience, compared to the group without a renewed event during the 12 months of treatment. With regard to the different critical life events (stressful vs. trauma), no significant differences were found regarding overall PTS, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Only avoidance symptoms increased significantly in the group experiencing a stressful life event. <b><i>Conclusion</i></b>: Although all clinicians should be aware of possible PTS symptom reactivation, especially those working with refugees and asylum seekers, who often experience new critical life events, should understand symptom fluctuation and address it in treatment. Within a longitudinal design, refugees currently in treatment are compared concerning symptom course after new traumatic or stressful events. New stressful life events and traumatic events increase posttraumatic, anxious, and depressive symptoms in the first 6 months after the events. Stressful and traumatic events overall did not show differential symptom exacerbations. Only avoidance symptoms were an exception; stressful life events were associated with an increase in PTS avoidance symptoms. Because reducing avoidance is the pivotal mechanism of psychotherapy with PTSD patients, clinicians should anticipate PTS symptom reactivation when patients are re-exposed to significant stressful stimuli, especially with asylum seekers and refugees, who often experience new stressful events.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21829179.v1
title: Impact of new traumatic or stressful life events on pre-existing PTSD in traumatized refugees: results of a longitudinal study

description: <b><i>Background</i></b>: A significant proportion of trauma survivors experience an additional critical life event in the aftermath. These renewed experiences of traumatic and stressful life events may lead to an increase in trauma-related mental health symptoms. <b><i>Method</i></b>: In a longitudinal study, the effects of renewed experiences of a trauma or stressful life event were examined. For this purpose, refugees seeking asylum in Germany were assessed for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), anxiety, and depression (Hopkins Symptom Checklist [HSCL-25]) before treatment start as well as after 6 and 12 months during treatment (<i>N</i>=46). Stressful life events and traumatic events were recorded monthly. If a new event happened, PDS and HSCL were additionally assessed directly afterwards. Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-tests were performed to calculate the differences between the group that experienced an additional critical event (stressful vs. trauma) during treatment (<i>n</i>=23) and the group that did not (<i>n</i>=23), as well as differences within the critical event group between the stressful life event group (<i>n</i>=13) and the trauma group (<i>n</i>=10). <b><i>Results</i></b>: Refugees improved significantly during the 12-month period of our study, but remained severely distressed. In a comparison of refugees with a new stressful life event or trauma, significant increases in PTS, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were found directly after the experience, compared to the group without a renewed event during the 12 months of treatment. With regard to the different critical life events (stressful vs. trauma), no significant differences were found regarding overall PTS, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Only avoidance symptoms increased significantly in the group experiencing a stressful life event. <b><i>Conclusion</i></b>: Although all clinicians should be aware of possible PTS symptom reactivation, especially those working with refugees and asylum seekers, who often experience new critical life events, should understand symptom fluctuation and address it in treatment. Within a longitudinal design, refugees currently in treatment are compared concerning symptom course after new traumatic or stressful events. New stressful life events and traumatic events increase posttraumatic, anxious, and depressive symptoms in the first 6 months after the events. Stressful and traumatic events overall did not show differential symptom exacerbations. Only avoidance symptoms were an exception; stressful life events were associated with an increase in PTS avoidance symptoms. Because reducing avoidance is the pivotal mechanism of psychotherapy with PTSD patients, clinicians should anticipate PTS symptom reactivation when patients are re-exposed to significant stressful stimuli, especially with asylum seekers and refugees, who often experience new stressful events.