cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142604.v1/t5
title: "Figure 13" of "Nuclear-Modification Factor for Open-Heavy-Flavor Production at Forward Rapidity in Cu+Cu Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Transverse momentum distribution of $R_{AA}$ for negative muons from heavy-flavor mesons decay in Cu+Cu collisions in the following centrality classes: 40-94% (top panel), 20-40% (middle panel) and 0-20% (bottom panel). Also shown in the bottom panel is a theoretical calculation from [39,40], discussed in Section V.
description: Background: Heavy-flavor production in $p$+$p$ collisions tests perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Modification of heavy-flavor production in heavy-ion collisions relative to binary-collision scaling from $p$+$p$ results, quantified with the nuclear-modification factor ($R_{AA}$), provides information on both cold- and hot-nuclear-matter effects. Midrapidity heavy-flavor $R_{AA}$ measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have challenged parton-energy-loss models and resulted in upper limits on the viscosity-entropy ratio that are near the quantum lower bound. Such measurements have not been made in the forward-rapidity region. Purpose: Determine transverse-momentum, $p_T$, spectra and the corresponding $R_{AA}$ for muons from heavy-flavor mesons decay in $p$+$p$ and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV and $y$=1.65. Method: Results are obtained using the semi-leptonic decay of heavy-flavor mesons into negative muons. The PHENIX muon-arm spectrometers measure the $p_T$ spectra of inclusive muon candidates. Backgrounds, primarily due to light hadrons, are determined with a Monte-Carlo calculation using a set of input hadron distributions tuned to match measured-hadron distributions in the same detector and statistically subtracted. Results: The charm-production cross section in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV, integrated over $p_T$ and in the rapidity range $1.4
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142604.v1/t6
title: "Figure 14a" of "Nuclear-Modification Factor for Open-Heavy-Flavor Production at Forward Rapidity in Cu+Cu Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Comparison of $R_{AA}$ as a function of $N_{part}$ between heavy-flavor muons reconstructed at forward rapidity ($1.4$ 2 GeV in Cu+Cu collisions (red squares) and nonphotonic electrons reconstructed at midrapidity and $p_T&gt;$ 3 GeV in Au+Au collisions (blue circles).
description: Background: Heavy-flavor production in $p$+$p$ collisions tests perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Modification of heavy-flavor production in heavy-ion collisions relative to binary-collision scaling from $p$+$p$ results, quantified with the nuclear-modification factor ($R_{AA}$), provides information on both cold- and hot-nuclear-matter effects. Midrapidity heavy-flavor $R_{AA}$ measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have challenged parton-energy-loss models and resulted in upper limits on the viscosity-entropy ratio that are near the quantum lower bound. Such measurements have not been made in the forward-rapidity region. Purpose: Determine transverse-momentum, $p_T$, spectra and the corresponding $R_{AA}$ for muons from heavy-flavor mesons decay in $p$+$p$ and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV and $y$=1.65. Method: Results are obtained using the semi-leptonic decay of heavy-flavor mesons into negative muons. The PHENIX muon-arm spectrometers measure the $p_T$ spectra of inclusive muon candidates. Backgrounds, primarily due to light hadrons, are determined with a Monte-Carlo calculation using a set of input hadron distributions tuned to match measured-hadron distributions in the same detector and statistically subtracted. Results: The charm-production cross section in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV, integrated over $p_T$ and in the rapidity range $1.4
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142604.v1/t7
title: "Figure 14b" of "Nuclear-Modification Factor for Open-Heavy-Flavor Production at Forward Rapidity in Cu+Cu Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Comparison of $R_{AA}$ as a function of $N_{part}$ between heavy-flavor muons reconstructed at forward rapidity ($1.4$ 2 GeV in Cu+Cu collisions (red squares) and nonphotonic electrons reconstructed at midrapidity and $p_T&gt;$ 3 GeV in Au+Au collisions (blue circles).
description: Background: Heavy-flavor production in $p$+$p$ collisions tests perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Modification of heavy-flavor production in heavy-ion collisions relative to binary-collision scaling from $p$+$p$ results, quantified with the nuclear-modification factor ($R_{AA}$), provides information on both cold- and hot-nuclear-matter effects. Midrapidity heavy-flavor $R_{AA}$ measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have challenged parton-energy-loss models and resulted in upper limits on the viscosity-entropy ratio that are near the quantum lower bound. Such measurements have not been made in the forward-rapidity region. Purpose: Determine transverse-momentum, $p_T$, spectra and the corresponding $R_{AA}$ for muons from heavy-flavor mesons decay in $p$+$p$ and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV and $y$=1.65. Method: Results are obtained using the semi-leptonic decay of heavy-flavor mesons into negative muons. The PHENIX muon-arm spectrometers measure the $p_T$ spectra of inclusive muon candidates. Backgrounds, primarily due to light hadrons, are determined with a Monte-Carlo calculation using a set of input hadron distributions tuned to match measured-hadron distributions in the same detector and statistically subtracted. Results: The charm-production cross section in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV, integrated over $p_T$ and in the rapidity range $1.4
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142605.v1/t1
title: "Figure 1" of "System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV and 62.4-GeV."

description: The measured correlation $C(\Delta\phi)$ and the dijet correlation $J(\Delta\phi)$ in central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
description: We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/$c$) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from $\Delta\phi$ = $\pi$ in central and semi-central collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142605.v1/t2
title: "Figure 2a" of "System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV and 62.4-GeV."

description: Dijet correlations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV.
description: We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/$c$) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from $\Delta\phi$ = $\pi$ in central and semi-central collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142605.v1/t3
title: "Figure 2b" of "System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV and 62.4-GeV."

description: Dijet correlations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV.
description: We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/$c$) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from $\Delta\phi$ = $\pi$ in central and semi-central collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142605.v1/t4
title: "Figure 3a" of "System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV and 62.4-GeV."

description: Collision centrality, energy, and system size dependence of shape parameters.
description: We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/$c$) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from $\Delta\phi$ = $\pi$ in central and semi-central collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142605.v1/t5
title: "Figure 3b" of "System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV and 62.4-GeV."

description: Collision centrality, energy, and system size dependence of shape parameters.
description: We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/$c$) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from $\Delta\phi$ = $\pi$ in central and semi-central collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142605.v1/t6
title: "Figure 3c" of "System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV and 62.4-GeV."

description: Collision centrality, energy, and system size dependence of shape parameters.
description: We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/$c$) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from $\Delta\phi$ = $\pi$ in central and semi-central collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142640.v1/t1
title: "Table 1a" of "Centrality categorization for $R_{p(d)+A}$ in high-energy collisions"

description: Different physical quantities characterizing $d$+Au collisions, and the bias-factor corrections, for nine PHENIX centrality bins.
description: High-energy proton- and deuteron-nucleus collisions provide an excellent tool for studying a wide array of physics effects, including modifications of parton distribution functions in nuclei, gluon saturation, and color neutralization and hadronization in a nuclear environment, among others. All of these effects are expected to have a significant dependence on the size of the nuclear target and the impact parameter of the collision, also known as the collision centrality. In this article, we detail a method for determining centrality classes in $p(d)$+$A$ collisions via cuts on the multiplicity at backward rapidity (i.e., the nucleus-going direction) and for determining systematic uncertainties in this procedure. For $d$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV we find that the connection to geometry is confirmed by measuring the fraction of events in which a neutron from the deuteron does not interact with the nucleus. As an application, we consider the nuclear modification factors $R_{p(d)+A}$, for which there is a potential bias in the measured centrality dependent yields due to auto-correlations between the process of interest and the backward rapidity multiplicity. We determine the bias correction factor within this framework. This method is further tested using the HIJING Monte Carlo generator. We find that for $d$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, these bias corrections are small and vary by less than 5% (10%) up to $p_T$ = 10 (20) GeV. In contrast, for $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV we find these bias factors are an order of magnitude larger and strongly $p_T$ dependent, likely due to the larger effect of multi-parton interactions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142640.v1/t2
title: "Table 1b" of "Centrality categorization for $R_{p(d)+A}$ in high-energy collisions"

description: Different physical quantities characterizing $d$+Au collisions, and the bias-factor corrections, for nine PHENIX centrality bins.
description: High-energy proton- and deuteron-nucleus collisions provide an excellent tool for studying a wide array of physics effects, including modifications of parton distribution functions in nuclei, gluon saturation, and color neutralization and hadronization in a nuclear environment, among others. All of these effects are expected to have a significant dependence on the size of the nuclear target and the impact parameter of the collision, also known as the collision centrality. In this article, we detail a method for determining centrality classes in $p(d)$+$A$ collisions via cuts on the multiplicity at backward rapidity (i.e., the nucleus-going direction) and for determining systematic uncertainties in this procedure. For $d$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV we find that the connection to geometry is confirmed by measuring the fraction of events in which a neutron from the deuteron does not interact with the nucleus. As an application, we consider the nuclear modification factors $R_{p(d)+A}$, for which there is a potential bias in the measured centrality dependent yields due to auto-correlations between the process of interest and the backward rapidity multiplicity. We determine the bias correction factor within this framework. This method is further tested using the HIJING Monte Carlo generator. We find that for $d$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, these bias corrections are small and vary by less than 5% (10%) up to $p_T$ = 10 (20) GeV. In contrast, for $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV we find these bias factors are an order of magnitude larger and strongly $p_T$ dependent, likely due to the larger effect of multi-parton interactions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142640.v1/t3
title: "Table 2" of "Centrality categorization for $R_{p(d)+A}$ in high-energy collisions"

description: Different physical quantities characterizing $d$+Au collisions, and the bias-factor corrections, for four PHENIX centrality bins.
description: High-energy proton- and deuteron-nucleus collisions provide an excellent tool for studying a wide array of physics effects, including modifications of parton distribution functions in nuclei, gluon saturation, and color neutralization and hadronization in a nuclear environment, among others. All of these effects are expected to have a significant dependence on the size of the nuclear target and the impact parameter of the collision, also known as the collision centrality. In this article, we detail a method for determining centrality classes in $p(d)$+$A$ collisions via cuts on the multiplicity at backward rapidity (i.e., the nucleus-going direction) and for determining systematic uncertainties in this procedure. For $d$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV we find that the connection to geometry is confirmed by measuring the fraction of events in which a neutron from the deuteron does not interact with the nucleus. As an application, we consider the nuclear modification factors $R_{p(d)+A}$, for which there is a potential bias in the measured centrality dependent yields due to auto-correlations between the process of interest and the backward rapidity multiplicity. We determine the bias correction factor within this framework. This method is further tested using the HIJING Monte Carlo generator. We find that for $d$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, these bias corrections are small and vary by less than 5% (10%) up to $p_T$ = 10 (20) GeV. In contrast, for $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV we find these bias factors are an order of magnitude larger and strongly $p_T$ dependent, likely due to the larger effect of multi-parton interactions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142660.v1/t1
title: "Figure 1a" of "Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Direct photon fraction. The direct-photon fractions from the virtual-photon analysis as a function of $p_{T}$ in $p+p$ (MB) [1] collisions. The values in the table are equal to this mean value. The statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown by the bars and bands, respectively. The curves show expectations from a NLO pQCD calculation [17, 18] with different cutoff mass scales: (solid) $\mu$ = 0.5 $p_{T}$ , (dash) $\mu$ = 1.0 $p_{T}$ , and (dash-dot) $\mu$ = 2.0 $p_{T}$.
description: Direct photons have been measured in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV $d$+Au collisions at midrapidity. A wide $p_{T}$ range is covered by measurements of nearly-real virtual photons (1 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 6 GeV/$c$) and real photons (5 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 16 GeV/$c$). The invariant yield of the direct photons in $d$+Au collisions over the scaled $p+p$ cross section is consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold-nuclear-matter effects describe the data well for the entire $p_{T}$ range. This indicates that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au collisions for 1.0 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ is due to a source other than the initial-state nuclear effects.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142660.v1/t2
title: "Figure 1b" of "Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Direct photon fraction. The direct-photon fractions from the virtual-photon analysis as a function of $p_{T}$ in $d$+Au (MB) [1] collisions. The values in the table are equal to this mean value. The statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown by the bars and bands, respectively. The curves show expectations from a NLO pQCD calculation [17, 18] with different cutoff mass scales: (solid) $\mu$ = 0.5 $p_{T}$ , (dash) $\mu$ = 1.0 $p_{T}$ , and (dash-dot) $\mu$ = 2.0 $p_{T}$.
description: Direct photons have been measured in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV $d$+Au collisions at midrapidity. A wide $p_{T}$ range is covered by measurements of nearly-real virtual photons (1 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 6 GeV/$c$) and real photons (5 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 16 GeV/$c$). The invariant yield of the direct photons in $d$+Au collisions over the scaled $p+p$ cross section is consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold-nuclear-matter effects describe the data well for the entire $p_{T}$ range. This indicates that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au collisions for 1.0 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ is due to a source other than the initial-state nuclear effects.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142660.v1/t3
title: "Figure 2a" of "Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Direct photon cross section. (a) The invariant cross sections of the direct photon in $p+p$ [3, 4] and $d$+Au collisions. The $p+p$ fit result with the empirical parameterization described in the text is shown as well as NLO pQCD calculations, and the scaled $p+p$ fit is compared with the $d$+Au data. The closed and open symbols show the results from the virtual photon and $\pi_{0}$-tagging methods, respectively. The asterisk symbols show the result from the statistical subtraction method for $d$+Au data, overlapping with the virtual photon result in 3 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 5 GeV/c. The values in the table are equal to this mean value. The bars and bands represent the point-to-point (ptp.) and $p_{T}$-correlated (cor.) uncertainties, respectively. (b) The $p+p$ data over the fit. The uncertainties of the fit due to both point-to-point (ptp.) and pT -correlated uncertainties of the data are summed quadratically, and the sum is shown as dotted lines. The NLO pQCD calculations divided by the fit are also shown.
description: Direct photons have been measured in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV $d$+Au collisions at midrapidity. A wide $p_{T}$ range is covered by measurements of nearly-real virtual photons (1 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 6 GeV/$c$) and real photons (5 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 16 GeV/$c$). The invariant yield of the direct photons in $d$+Au collisions over the scaled $p+p$ cross section is consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold-nuclear-matter effects describe the data well for the entire $p_{T}$ range. This indicates that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au collisions for 1.0 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ is due to a source other than the initial-state nuclear effects.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.142660.v1/t4
title: "Figure 2b" of "Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV"

description: Direct photon cross section. (a) The invariant cross sections of the direct photon in $p+p$ [3, 4] and $d$+Au collisions. The $p+p$ fit result with the empirical parameterization described in the text is shown as well as NLO pQCD calculations, and the scaled $p+p$ fit is compared with the $d$+Au data. The closed and open symbols show the results from the virtual photon and $\pi_{0}$-tagging methods, respectively. The asterisk symbols show the result from the statistical subtraction method for $d$+Au data, overlapping with the virtual photon result in 3 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 5 GeV/c. The values in the table are equal to this mean value. The bars and bands represent the point-to-point (ptp.) and $p_{T}$-correlated (cor.) uncertainties, respectively. (b) The $p+p$ data over the fit. The uncertainties of the fit due to both point-to-point (ptp.) and pT -correlated uncertainties of the data are summed quadratically, and the sum is shown as dotted lines. The NLO pQCD calculations divided by the fit are also shown.
description: Direct photons have been measured in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV $d$+Au collisions at midrapidity. A wide $p_{T}$ range is covered by measurements of nearly-real virtual photons (1 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 6 GeV/$c$) and real photons (5 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 16 GeV/$c$). The invariant yield of the direct photons in $d$+Au collisions over the scaled $p+p$ cross section is consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold-nuclear-matter effects describe the data well for the entire $p_{T}$ range. This indicates that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au collisions for 1.0 &lt; $p_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ is due to a source other than the initial-state nuclear effects.