cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2022.023
title: 2D grain size data of sandstones from the 3.2 Ga old Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa)

description: The Moodies Group (ca. 3.22-3.21 Ga) of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), South Africa, is the uppermost and youngest unit of the BGB, the largest and best-preserved Greenstone belt in the basement of the Kaapvaal Craton. It consists predominantly of fine- to coarse-grained, composi-tionally immature to mature, quartzose sandstones up to 3.6 km thick, with significant units of con-glomerates and siltstones and minor volcanic rocks and ferruginous sediments. The quartz-dominated Moodies sandstones mark long-term, large-scale access of surface systems to crust-stabilizing, high-level granitoid igneous rocks. 47 petrographic thin sections of sandstones from these sandstone units were analyzed for 2D grain size analyses. At least 500 measurements of long axes per thin were taken, using a Keyence VHX-6000 digital microscope. Samples which show significant grain boundary migration and subgrain rotation were excluded from this analysis (Passchier and Trouw, 2005). The data are presented as single ASCII file (tab-delimited text). The file 2022-023_Reimann-et-al_2D-grain-size-data.txt contains measurements of grains long axes from thin sections.
description: 47 petrographic thin sections of sandstones from these sandstone units were analyzed for 2D grain size analyses. At least 500 measurements of long axes per thin were taken, using a Keyence VHX-6000 digital microscope. Samples which show significant grain boundary migration and subgrain rotation were excluded from this analysis (Passchier and Trouw, 2005). The determination of grain size from 2D sections is widely discussed in literature (e.g., Gundersen and Jensen, 1985; Kellerhals et al., 1975; Rosenfeld et al., 1953) and requires correction. We used the approach described by Harrell and Eriksson (1979) who provide thin-section-to-sieve correla-tion equations for the correction of textural parameters and the correction of cumulative percen-tiles. Both approaches generate similar values which changes their classification rarely (Folk, 1974). The data is then compared to recent eolian sands and further discussed in Reimann et al. (2023) and Zametzer et al. (2023) to which these data are supplementary material.
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.2.3.2018.006
title: HMC Index

description: The HMC (Hourly Magnetospheric Currents) index measures the activity of large-scale magnetospheric currents on Earth's surface from 1900 to 2015. It resolves the absolute intensity of low-frequency variations, especially at periods relevant to the solar cycle, more robustly than existing geomagnetic indices. HMC is based on hourly means of vector magnetic field measurements from 34 mid latitude geomagnetic observatories obtained from WDC Edinburgh (http://www.wdc.bgs.ac.uk/catalog/master.html). This data has been manually revised to correct for spikes, jumps and drifts. A detailed description of the derivation method is given in Pick et al., 2018 to which these data are supplementary material.
      This directory contains the HMC index (hmc1900phor.hor) and the modified observatory data that it is based on (data.zip). The index and the observatory data files are formatted in compliance with the IAGA-2002 ASCII exchange format (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vdat/IAGA2002/iaga2002format.html).
      Individual file names are composed of:[IAGA code of observatory] + [first active year during 1900-2015] + [p(provisional)] + [hor(hourly)] + [_mod(modified)].hor
      Also included is information on how the data modifications (list in modifications.pdf) were applied (readme.txt).
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.emec.2014.001
title: EMEC-2014 - The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue – Version 2014

description: This catalogue is the extended version of “The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) for the last millennium” (Grünthal and Wahlstrom, 2012, 2012). It is an earthquake catalogue for tectonic events in the area of European Mediterranean, including the Mid-Atlantic ridge down to the Azores, extends in the south to Africa north of the Sahara, in the north to the Arctic Sea, and in the east to the Levant, eastern Turkey, and the Caucasus. This areal coverage gave the name to the catalogue: EMEC—The European-Mediterranea Earthquake Catalogue. It extends the previous version by the years 2007 to 2021 and thus contains tectonic events for the period AD 1000 to 2021 with a uniform magnitude Mw from the threshold of 3.5. The dataset contains 61140 entries.
DOI: 10.5880/pik.2023.002
title: Climate model ensemble data for Neoproterozoic Snowball-Earth inceptions - placeholder

description: The Cryogenian period (720--635~million years ago) in the Neoproterozoic era featured two phases of global or near-global ice cover, termed `Snowball Earth'. Here we present a comprehensive sensitivity study considering different scenarios for the Cryogenian continental configuration, orbital geometry, and short-term volcanic cooling effects in a consistent model framework, using the climate model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. The continental configurations comprise palaeogeography reconstructions for both Snowball-Earth periods from two different sources, as well as two idealised configurations with either uniformly dispersed continents or a single polar supercontinent. Orbital geometries are sampled as multiple different combinations of the parameters obliquity, eccentricity, and argument of perihelion. For volcanic eruptions, we differentiate between single globally homogeneous perturbations, single zonally resolved perturbations, and random sequences of globally homogeneous perturbations with realistic statistics. The CO2 threshold lies between 10 and 250 ppm for all simulations.
description: We use the relatively fast intermediate-complexity model CLIMBER-3α to be able to run a large number of simulations. CLIMBER-3α consists of (1) an improved version of the ocean general circulation model MOM3 run at a coarse horizontal resolution of 3.75 x 3.75 degrees with 24 vertical layers, (2) the sea-ice model ISIS operated at the same horizontal resolution and capturing both the thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice, and (3) the fast statistical--dynamical atmosphere model POTSDAM-2 with grid cells measuring 22.5 degrees in longitude and 7.5 degrees in latitude. The main limitations of the model relate to its simplified atmosphere component. For more details see the corresponding article.
DOI: 10.5880/icgem.2017.006
title: The GOCE-only global gravity field model IfE_GOCE05s

description: IfE_GOCE05s is a GOCE-only global gravity field model, which was developed at the Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany. The observations with a time span from 1 November 2009 to 20 October 2013 are used for the model recovery. The GOCE precise kinematic orbit with 1-s sampling rate is processed for the gravity field up to degree/order 150, while the three main diagonal gravity gradients are down-sampled to 2 s and used to recover the model up to degree/order 250. With two additional Kaula’s regularizations, the combined model “IfE_GOCE05s” is derived, with a maximum degree of 250. To develop IfE_GOCE05s, the following GOCE data (01.11.2009 - 20.10.2013) was used:* Orbits: SST_PKI_2, SST_IAQ_2;* Gradients: EGG_GGT_2, EGG_IAQ_2. None any priori gravity field information was used.
description: Processing procedures:Gravity from orbits (SST):* Acceleration approach was applied to the kinematic orbit data;* PKI data was at 1 s sampling rate;* Model was derived up to d/o (degree/order) 150;* VCM (Variance-Covariance Matrix) was derived arc-wisely from the post-fit residuals.Gravity from gradients (SGG):* Gradients Vxx, Vyy and Vzz in the GRF (Gradiometer Reference Frame) were used;* Gradients were down-sampled to 2 s;* Model was derived up to d/o 250;* VCM was estimated arc-wisely from the post-fit residuals.Regularization:* A strong Kaula-regularization was applied to constrain the (near-)zonal coefficients that are degraded by the polar gap problem;* A slight Kaula-regularization was applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the coefficients between d/o 201 and 250;* The regularization parameters were empirically determined.Combined solution:* The normal equations for SST and SGG were summed wih proper weighting factors;* Weighting factors for SST and SGG were determined from variance component estimation;* A direct inversion was applied on the final normal equation.
DOI: 10.5880/icgem.2017.005
title: GOCE gravity field model by means of the space-wise approach (release R5)

description: GOCE input data:- Gradients: EGG_GGT_2C, EGG_NOM_2- Orbits: SST_PRD_2I (reduced dynamic orbits for geo-locating gravity gradients); SST_PKI_2I (kinematic orbits for long-wavelength gravity field recovery); SST_PCV_2I (variance information of kinematic orbit positions); SST_PRM_2I (rotation between inertial and Earth-fixed reference frames)- Attitude: EGG_IAQ_2C- Non-conservative accelerations: EGG_CCD_2C- Data period: 01/11/2009 - 20/10/2013 A-priori information used:- No corrections to any prior gravity field model are computed (GOCE-only model).- EIGEN-6C4 and GOCO05C are used for signal covariance modelling.- FES2004 is used for ocean tide modelling. Processing procedure:- The space-wise approach is a multi-step collocation procedure, developed in the framework of the GOCE HPF data processing for the estimation of gravity gradient grids at satellite altitude. By analysing these grids, spherical harmonic coefficients of the Earth gravitational field and their error covariance matrix can be computed.- SST model: gravitational potential estimation by energy conservation approach applied to kinematic orbits; grid interpolation of gravitational potential at mean satellite altitude by least-squares adjustment with local collocation refinement; spherical harmonic analysis of the estimated grids by numerical integration.- SST+SGG model: orbital filtering of the data reduced by SST model (Wiener filter followed by whitening filter); grid interpolation of gravitational gradients at mean satellite altitude by local collocation; spherical harmonic analysis of the estimated grids by numerical integration.- The full error covariance matrices of the estimated grids and spherical harmonic coefficients are derived by Monte Carlo simulations. Remarks:- The maximum spherical harmonic degree is 330 because this is the maximum degree used for the modelling of the signal covariance functions in the local collocation gridding.- The spherical harmonic coefficients with the highest degrees have globally a small signal power, but they could contribute to better model local areas with a high signal-to-noise ratio.- Any truncation of the spherical harmonic expansion to a maximum degree lower than 330 could introduce errors due to the correlation of the estimated spherical harmonic coefficients.- The variance-covariance error information of the estimated spherical harmonic coefficients is computed by Monte Carlo simulations, also including the signal omission error up to degree and order 330.- An error covariance propagation to functionals of the gravitational potential by only using coefficient error variances could be strongly approximated because coefficient error correlations are significant. The use of the full error variance-covariance matrix is therefore recommended.
DOI: 10.5880/icgem.2021.002
title: IGG-Swarm: Temporal Gravity Models from Swarm

description: Monthly gravity fields from Swarm A, B, and C, using the integral equation approach with short arcs. Software: GROOPS; Approach: Short-arc approach (Mayer-Gürr, 2006); Kinematic orbit product: IfG Graz: https://ftp.tugraz.at/outgoing/ITSG/satelliteOrbitProducts/operational/Swarm-1/kinematicOrbit/; Arc length: 45 minutes; Reference GFM: GOCO06s (Kvas et. al, 2021), monthly mean has been added back to the solution; Drag model: NRLMSIS2; SRP and EARP and EIRP models: Vielberg & Kusche (2020); Empirical parameters: + for non-gravitational accelerations (sum of Drag+SRP+EIRP+EARP): Bias per arc and direction; + for Drag: Scale per arc and direction; + for radiation pressure (sum of SRP+EIRP+EARP): Scale per day and direction; Non-tidal model: Atmosphere and Ocean De-aliasing Level 1B RL06 (Dobslaw et al., 2017); Ocean tidal model: 2014 finite element solution FES2014b (Carrere et al., 2015); Atmospheric tidal model: AOD1B RL06 atmospheric tides ; Solid Earth tidal model: IERS2010; Pole tidal model: IERS2010; Ocean pole tidal model: IERS2010 (Desai 2002); Third-body perturbations: Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, following the JPL DE421 Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides (Folkner et al., 2014).
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.3.1.2023.001
title: Results of Experimental Simulations on Hydrogen Migration through Potential Storage Rocks

description: Data on the diffusivity of hydrogen through rocks are published here. The studied rocks are related to storage formations, namely rock salt (salt caverns), sandstone (porous aquifer) and mudstone (cap rock). To quantify hydrogen diffusion rates in these rocks, a new experimental set up was build and tested to obtain break-through times and diffusion coefficients for dry and wet rock samples. The first data set is presented here. The main objectives of the study were (i) to verify the functionality and practicability of the experimental setup and (ii) to provide a first characterization of the H2 permeability of different rock types in context of hydrogen reservoirs.
description: The diffusion cell (FITOK, VACOM Company; Fig 1a, b) consists of two chambers, with the feed side filled with 2 vol% H2 in synthetic air and the permeate chamber filled with ambient air. In the permeate chamber, a hydrogen sensor was mounted on an SS PCB transmitter (EUROGAS Company) and the data connection was implemented via a pin port to a data logger (MEIER-NT Company) for online data monitoring and recording. The feed and permeate chamber comprise a volume of 0.2 L. They are connected by the sample-carrying through flange (Fig 1c) in which the sample is embedded with epoxy resin (ROTH Company). The feed chamber was first purged for five minutes with a gas mixture of 2 vol% hydrogen in synthetic air (AIRLIQUIDE Company) at ambient pressure, through the feed gas inlet port and the feed gas outlet (Fig.1b). The permeate chamber contained ambient air and was equipped with a hydrogen sensor for the continuous measurement of hydrogen concentration in the permeate gas.
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2023.023
title: Event catalogs of seismic events accompanying the 30 September to 5 October 2015 Skaftá flood

description: Two subglacial lakes in the western part of Vatnajökull ice cap, southeastern Iceland, 10 and 15 km WNW of Grímsvötn volcano, are the source of regular jökulhlaups in the Skaftá river. The eastern cauldron featured a jökulhlaup that started on 30 September 2015. The seismic signals generated by the flood were recorded using two seismic arrays (clusters of seismometers) operated by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS) and the Icelandic Meteorological Office’s national seismic network, SIL. The arrays were maintained outside Vatnajökull ice cap. In the Vatnajökull region, the SIL network consists of stations that are partly installed on nunataks and within the ice. We performed array-processing in the frequency domain (FK-analysis) on data filtered 1.2 to 2.6 Hz using the array-processing code as implemented in Obspy to derive back azimuth and slownesses of a tremor source propagating with the flood front. We perform beam stacking in the time domain on data filtered from 5 to 20 Hz to derive the back-azimuth of high-frequency transients moving with the flood front. We used the SIL network for location and magnitude determination of 45 events near the cauldron and the flood path. These are possibly 22 icequakes and 23 earthquakes. We used the array data to apply an STA/LTA filter and template matching approach on data filtered from 1 to 15 Hz to detect 669 events associated with the flood. 30% of these could be clustered into families and are likely due to the ice-shelf collapse once the subglacial lake drained. These catalogs are further discussed and evaluated in Eibl et al. 2020 and Eibl et al. 2023. This data publications releases the catalogs of (i) tremor, (ii) located events and (iii) STA/LTA detected and clustered events.
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2023.026
title: Rheometric Analysis of Viscous Material Mixtures Used in the Tectonic Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University, Netherlands

description: This dataset contains measurements of viscous and viscoelastic materials that are used for analogue modelling. Proper density and viscosity scaling of ductile layers in the crust and lithosphere, requires materials like Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), to be mixed with fillers and low viscoity silicone oils. Changing the filler content and filler material, the density, viscosity and power-law coefficient can be tuned according to the requirements. All materials contain a large amount of PDMS and all but one a small amount of an additional silicone oil. Adding plasticine or barium sulfate lead to shear thinning rheologies with power-law exponents of p&lt;0.95. Adding corundum powder only has a minor effect on the power-law exponent. Some mixtures also have an apparent yield point but all are in the liquid state in the tested range. In general, the rheologies of the materials are very complex and in some cases strongly temperature dependent. However, in the narrow range of relevant strain rates, the behaviour is well defined by a power-law relation and thus found suitable for simulating ductile layers in crust and lithosphere.
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.2.5.2019.001
title: Yellowstone hotspot motion and plume conduits

description: The data are the modelling results for Yellowstone hotspot motion and plume conduits on which the figures of the paper "Yellowstone plume conduit tilt caused by large-scale mantle flow" by Steinberger, Nelson, Grand and Wang are based. Detailed description on how they are obtained is given in that paper. The naming of the files is as follows: First letter: c for plume conduit, s for surface motion. Then figure number (6, 7, or 8; s1 and s2 for Supporting Figure 1 and 2), then a, b, c or d for which column of the figure, or 2a etc for the specific panel. Each file has in the first column time, in the second longitude, in the third latitude, in the fourth depth (given as normalized radius, i.e. 1 at the surface, 0.5448 at the core-mantle boundary). For the plume conduit the time (first column) is always zero = present-day. For the surface motion the depth is always close to 0.9843 (base of the lithosphere). The file rotvec.na.nn gives the North America plate motion (stage rotations) used to convert hotspot motions to hotspot tracks on the North American plate. Stage rotation rates are given in omega_x, omega_y, omega_z (units of degrees per million years) followed by the time interval in million. Stage rotation rates are given in cartesian coordinates omega_x, omega_y, omega_z (units of degrees per million years) followed by the time interval in million years.
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2023.004
title: Calibration and Method Validation for Neodymium (Nd) Isotope Ratio Measurements performing by ThermoFisher Neptune Plus Mass Spectrometer in the NEPTUNE-TIMS Laboratory (Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, CNR di Pisa)

description: We describe here in detail the results and the setup of the high precision Nd isotope ratio analysis performed by Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC ICP MS), Thermo Scientific Neptune Plus TM. Isobaric interferences and mass discrimination were corrected by using natural invariable 147Sm/144Sm and 146Nd/144Nd isotope ratios. We reported data on set of international certified standard materials (JNdi-1 and AGV-1) measured with MC-ICP-MS Neptune Plus, focusing on the accuracy and reproducibility of the analyses performed in the Neptune-TIMS Laboratory
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.1.1.2020.003
title: GFZ rapid product series for the IGS

description: GFZ acts as a global analysis center of the International GNSS Service (IGS) and provides ultra-rapid (last 24h), rapid (last day), and final (last week) solutions for GPS and GLONASS. The rapid solution series is published with a delay of one day.
description: Based on a network of around 130 GNSS stations of the tracking network of the International GNSS Service, the GFZ analysis center generates daily solutions using the latest development version of the EPOS.P8 Software. The solution series contains the following files ( refers to the year and day of year of the first epoch contained in the files): - satellite orbits (GFZ0OPSRAP_0000_01D_15M_ORB.SP3.gz, data format: sp3: ftp://igs.org/pub/data/format/sp3c.txt), - clock corrections (GFZ0OPSRAP_0000_01D_30S_CLK.CLK.gz, data format: clk: ftp://igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex_clock302.txt), - Earth rotation parameters (GFZ0OPSRAP_DDD&lt;0000_01D_01D_ERP.ERP.gz, data format: erp: https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/1998/003315.html), - summary file containing the detailed processing results (GFZ0OPSRAP_0000_01D_01D_DSC.SUM.gz). The file naming follows the IGS Long Product Filename (http://acc.igs.org/repro3/Long_Product_Filenames_v1.0.pdf). All files are .gz compressed. The processing is described in detail in our Analysis Center Notes (ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/center/analysis/gfz.acn) and follows the current geodetic conventions (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Publications/TechnicalNotes/tn36.htm).
DOI: 10.5880/pik.2017.009
title: LPJmL4 model output for the publications in GMD: LPJmL4 - a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land: Part I – Model description and Part II – Model evaluation

description: LPJmL4 is a process-based model that simulates climate and land-use change impacts on the terrestrial biosphere, the water and carbon cycle and on agricultural production. The LPJmL4 model combines plant physiological relations, generalized empirically established functions and plant trait parameters. The model incorporates dynamic land use at the global scale and is also able to simulate the production of woody and herbaceous short-rotation bio-energy plantations. Grid cells may contain one or several types of natural or agricultural vegetation. A comprehensive description of the model is given by Schaphoff et al. (2017a, http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-145).
      The data presented here represent some standard LPJmL4 model results for the land surface described in Schaphoff et al. (2017a,). Additionally, these results are evaluated in the companion paper of Schaphoff et al. (2017b, http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-146). The data collection includes some key output variables made with different model setups described by Schaphoff et al. (2017b).
      The data cover the entire globe with a spatial resolution of 0.5° and temporal coverage from 1901-2011 on an annual basis for soil, vegetation, aboveground and litter carbon as well as for vegetation distribution, crop yields, sowing dates, maximum thawing depth, and fire carbon emissions. Vegetation distribution is given for each plant functional type (PFT), crop yields, and sowing dates are given for each crop functional type (CFT), respectively. Monthly data are provided for the carbon fluxes (net primary production, gross primary production, soil respiration) and the water fluxes (transpiration, evaporation, interception, runoff, and discharge) and for absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) and albedo.
      The data are provided in one netcdf file for each variable and experiment described by Schaphoff et al. (2017b). Crop yields and sowing dates are not provided for the LPJmL4-GSI-GlobFIRE-PNV experiment as this represents natural vegetation only. An overview of all variables and the number of bands are given in the file inventory.