DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7nm09
title: Data from: Ecological divergence, adaptive diversification, and the evolution of social signaling traits: an empirical study in arid Australian lizards

description: Species diversification often results from divergent evolution of
 ecological or social signaling traits. Theoretically, a combination of the
 two may promote speciation; however empirical examples studying how social
 signal and ecological divergence might be involved in diversification are
 rare in general, and typically do not consider range overlap as a
 contributing factor. We show that ecologically distinct lineages within
 the Australian sand dragon species complex (including (Ctenophorus
 maculatus, C. fordi, and C. femoralis) have diversified recently,
 diverging in ecologically relevant and social signaling phenotypic traits
 as arid habitats expanded and differentiated. Diversification has resulted
 in repeated and independent invasion of distinct habitat-types, driving
 convergent evolution of similar phenotypes. Our results suggest parapatry
 facilitates diversification in visual signals through reinforcement as a
 hybridization avoidance mechanism. We show particularly striking variation
 in visual social signaling traits is better explained by the extent of
 lineage parapatry relative to ecological or phylogenetic divergence,
 suggesting these traits reinforce divergence among lineages initiated by
 ecologically adaptive evolution. This study provides a rare empirical
 example of a repeated, intricate relationship between ecological and
 social signal evolution during diversification driven by ecological
 divergence and the evolution of new habitats. Therefore, supporting
 emergent theories regarding the importance of both ecological and social
 trait evolution throughout speciation.
description: Environmental_dataEnvironmental data taken using spatial information collected from specimens examined for genetic and morphological analysis. Sampled data are from GIS layers, including Bioclim, the Australian soil database, a worldwide DEM and satellite imagery.Extent_4_SDMSpatial extents used to clip GIS layers for each speciesGenetic_DataGenetic data used for species tree estimation (6 genes - focal group only) and ND2 rate of substitution estimation (Agamidae). Files are in nexus format and contain genbank accession numbers.MDI_plot_functionR function written to run MDI analyses incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty. Function will produce plots similar to those that appear in the ms.Morphology_dataMorphological data collected from specimens (both male and female) and organized by category (see ms).Phylogenetic_Correlation_functionR function to perform phylogenetic correlation analyses accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty.SDM_asciisSpecies distribution map layers (median) for each species generated using MaxEnt.SDM_thresholdsThresholds (maximum specificity+sensitivity) used for cut-off values for each species SDM when calculating area overlap between species distributions.TreesSpecies tree files, including the median species tree used for most analyses and the 1000 trees sampled from the posterior distribution.TreeCov_dataTree cover data derived from satellite imagery.Mean_LAI_dataAverage Leaf Area Index data derived from satellite imagery.Mean_NDVI_dataMean NDVI calculated from satellite imagery.StDev_LAI_dataAverage yearly standard deviation (i.e., seasonality) of LAI calculated across years from satellite imagery.StDev_NDVI_dataAverage yearly standard deviation (i.e., seasonality) of NDVI calculated across years from satellite imagery.Spatial observed point dataPoint data used to extract environmental data from observed species localities. Data are largely sourced from OZCAM, with some additional locations confirmed by DL Edwards.OZCAM_vetted.zip