DOI: 10.16904/envidat.253
title: Niche partitioning between wild bees and honeybees

description: Cities are socio-ecological systems that filter and select species, thus establishing unique species assemblages and biotic interactions. Urban ecosystems can host richer wild bee communities than highly intensified agricultural areas, specifically in resource-rich urban green spaces such as allotment and family gardens. At the same time, urban beekeeping has boomed in many European cities, raising concerns that the fast addition of a large number of managed bees could deplete the existing floral resources, triggering competition between wild bees and honeybees. The data has been used to investigated the interplay between resource availability and the number of honeybees at local and landscape scales and how this relationship influences wild bee diversity.
This dataset contains the raw and processed data supporting the findings from the paper: "Low resource availability drives feeding niche partitioning between wild bees and honeybees in a European city". 
The data contains: 
1. Bee trait measurements at the species and individual-level of five functional traits. 
2. The values of the feeding niche partitioning (functional dissimilarity to honeybees) 
3. The predictors of resource availability and beekeeping intensity at local and landscape scales used in the modelling of the paper for the 23 experimental sites.
description: Resource Title: 
 Size: 4090 bytes
 Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4e058b7f-925c-4187-8d58-28fba31ed64d/resource/285d199d-bef4-4d18-b01f-1e95eccfd6ad/download/readme.csv
 Description: Metadata for the predictor and response dataset
description: Resource Title: 
 Size: 2345 bytes
 Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4e058b7f-925c-4187-8d58-28fba31ed64d/resource/f173b2b5-9d37-4836-95e3-c397f2687101/download/metadata.csv
 Description: Metadata for the predictors and response dataset
description: Resource Title: 
 Size: 10415 bytes
 Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4e058b7f-925c-4187-8d58-28fba31ed64d/resource/24ac489e-5de8-4c4f-ae58-74dddd5e08bb/download/response_predictors_modelling.csv
 Description: Response and predictors used for the SEMs
description: Resource Title: 
 Size: 200011 bytes
 Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4e058b7f-925c-4187-8d58-28fba31ed64d/resource/43152ded-fa38-4a75-938c-bf63d7018ad1/download/city4bees_traits.exp.csv
 Description: The data contains the following columns:

 SiteID: numeric, the identity of the garden where the bee was sampled.
 Taxonname: character, species name
 Lecty: numeric discreet, a mesure of specialisation degree. Levels: 1 = monolectic; 2=oliolectic; 3=polilectic
 Pheno.start= numeric discreet, the starting week of the flying activity.
 Pheno.end= numeric discreet, the ending week of the flying activity.
 Pheno.duration=numeric discreet, Pheno.end - Pheno.start
 Daytime.activity = numeric continuous, individual-level measure of the day hour when the bee was sampled
 ITD = numeric continuous, individual-level measure of the InterTegular Distance, a metric of mobility in mm.
 Rel.tongue.length =numeric continuous, individual-level measure of the relative tongue length (Tongue length / ITD), a metric of specilaisation degree, in mm.
description: Resource Title: 
 Size: 31326 bytes
 Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
 URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4e058b7f-925c-4187-8d58-28fba31ed64d/resource/63ee6a25-0fef-4f42-95de-e835d7fb0c94/download/data_s1.traits_bees.csv
 Description: Mean, standard deviation , minimum and maximum values of six functional traits. The data has the following structure:
- Bee_species: bee scientific name
- mean_trait: mean value
- sd_trait: standard deviation
_min_trait: minimum value
- max_trait: maximum value
- trait: the six traits used. ITD = Intertegular distance (mm); Pheno.duration = duration of the phenology; Pheno.start = start of the phenology; Pheno.end = end of the phenology; Rel.tongue.length= relative tongue length (mm); Daytime.activity = daily activity (h)
DistNichePart: functional dissimilarity in a multidimentional trait space defined by five traits between wild bee individuals of a wild bee species and the honeybee individuals. Values are at the species level.