DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ch6b3
title: Data from: A biting commentary: integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume “killer algae”

description: Predicting biotic resistance to highly invasive strains of “killer algae”
 (Caulerpa spp.) requires understanding the diversity and feeding
 preferences of native consumers, including sea slugs in family Oxynoidae.
 Past studies reported low algal host specificity for Oxynoe (6 spp.) and
 Lobiger (4 spp.), but these taxonomically challenging slugs may represent
 species complexes of unrecognized specialists that prefer different
 Caulerpa spp. Here, we assess global diversity of these genera by
 integrating gene sequences with morphological data from microscopic teeth
 and internal shells, the only hard parts in these soft-bodied
 invertebrates. Four delimitation methods applied to datasets comprising
 mtDNA and/or nuclear alleles yielded up to 16 species hypotheses for
 samples comprising five nominal taxa, including five highly divergent
 species in Lobiger and five in Oxynoe. Depending on the analysis, a
 further four to six species were recovered in the O. antillarum-viridis
 complex, a clade in which mitochondrial divergence was low and nuclear
 alleles were shared among lineages. Bayesian species delimitation using
 only morphological data supported most candidate species, however, and
 integrative analyses combining morphological and genetic data fully
 supported all complex members. Collectively, our findings double the
 recognized biodiversity in Oxynoidae, and illustrate the value of
 including data from traits that mediate fast-evolving ecological
 interactions during species delimitation. Preference for Caulerpa spp. and
 radular tooth characteristics covaried among newly delimited species,
 highlighting an unappreciated degree of host specialization and
 coevolution in these taxa that may help predict their role in containing
 outbreaks of invasive algae.
description: Index of DRYAD
 filesIndex of the Dryad files
 associated with this publication in a Word document.0.DRYAD files
 index.doc1.Oxynoidae_mtDNA_collapsed.nexRaxML input file of concatenated COI + 16S sequences representing Oxynoe spp. (97 unique haplotypes) and as outgroups, Lobiger spp. (10 haplotypes).2.Oxynoe_4genes_24Oct16RaxML input file for the aligned and concatenated four-gene data matrix comprising one exemplar per Oxynoe sp. (n = 11 taxa) and two outgroup species of Lobiger.3.Oxynoe_COI_ distance_matrixMatrix of pairwise TrN-corrected COI distances for all Oxynoe haplotypes, used as input for ABGD analysis.3.Lobiger_COI_ distance_matrix4.Lobiger_COI_ distance_matrixMatrix of pairwise TrN-corrected COI distances for all Lobiger haplotypes, used as input for ABGD analysis.5.Arlequin_Oant_COIArlequin input file for Oxynoe antillarum population genetic structure based on COI haplotypes.6.Arlequin_Ovir_COIArlequin input file for Oxynoe viridis population genetic structure based on COI haplotypes.7.structure_input_dataSTRUCTURE input file for all members of the Oxynoe antillarum-viridis complex containing phased H3 and microsatellite allele frequencies.8a.BPP.Oxy.sequencesBPP input sequence file (8A) with mtDNA haplotypes (COI + 16S) and corresponding phased H3 alleles for each sampled Oxynoe specimen.8b.BPP.Oxy.ImapBPP imap file (8B) with tentative assignments of each Oxynoe specimen to its corresponding candidate species hypothesis.8c.BPP.OxyA11BPP control file including run parameters and priors used for ‘A11’ analysis (Yang 2015) to simultaneously delimit species and infer the species tree.9a.iBPP.Oxy.sequencesiBPP input file (9A) with mtDNA haplotypes (COI + 16S) and corresponding phased H3 alleles for each sampled Oxynoe specimen, excluding O. sp. 9 for which trait data were unavailable.9b.iBPP.Oxy.ImapiBPP imap file (9B) with tentative assignments of individuals to candidate species hypotheses.9c.iBPP.Oxy.morphiBPP input file (9C) with morphological data matrix for eight traits from 21 exemplars.9d.iBPP.OxyiBPP control file (9D) including guide tree based on analysis of four-gene data matrix for one exemplar per candidate species hypothesis, as well as run parameters and priors used for integrative species delimitation analyses.