DOI: 10.5061/dryad.55qg0
title: Data from: Repeated land mass reformation limits diversification in the widespread littoral zone mosquito Anopheles sundaicus sensu lato in the Indo-Oriental Region

description: Southeast Asia harbours abundant biodiversity, hypothesized to have been
 generated by Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic and environmental change.
 Vicariance between the island of Borneo, the remaining Indonesian
 archipelago and mainland Southeast Asia caused by elevated sea levels
 during interglacial periods has been proposed to lead to diversification
 in the littoral zone mosquito Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus (Rodenwaldt)
 sensu lato. To test this biogeographical hypothesis, we inferred the
 population history and assessed gene flow of A. sundaicus s.l. sampled
 from 18 populations across its pan-Asian species range, using sequences
 from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), the internal
 transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and the mannose phosphate isomerase (Mpi)
 gene. A hypothesis of ecological speciation for A. sundaicus involving
 divergent adaptation to brackish and freshwater larval habitats was also
 previously proposed, based on a deficiency of heterozygotes for Mpi
 allozyme alleles in sympatry. This hypothesis was not supported by Mpi
 sequence data, which exhibited no fixed differences between brackish and
 freshwater larval habitats. Mpi and CO1 supported the presence of up to
 eight genetically distinct population groupings. Counter to the hypothesis
 of three allopatric species, divergence was often no greater between
 Borneo, Sumatra/Java and the Southeast Asian mainland than it was between
 genetic groupings within these landmasses. An isolation-with-migration
 (IM) model indicates recurrent gene flow between the current major
 landmasses. Such gene flow would have been possible during glacial periods
 when the current landmasses merged, presenting opportunities for dispersal
 along expanding and contracting coastlines. Consequently, Pleistocene
 climatic variation has proved a homogenizing, rather than diversifying,
 force for A. sundaicus diversity.
description: Population genetic
 dataset Anopheles sundaicus CO1 alignmentDNA alignment of a
 fragment of mitochondrial CO1/cox1 gene from Anopheles sundaicus s.l.
 Individual haplotypes are submitted to GenBank accession numbers
 GQ395814-GQ395927 and details for each specimen are given in publication
 Supplementary table S1.sun_CO1_gb.fasPopulation genetic dataset Anopheles sundaicus ITS2 alignmentDNA alignment of a fragment of ITS2 (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2) from Anopheles sundaicus s.l. used for biogeographical study. Individual haplotypes are submitted to GenBank Popset number 261599508 and details for each specimen are given in publication Supplementary table S1.GenBank_ITS2_sundaicus.fasPopulation genetic dataset Anopheles sundaicus Mpi alignmentDNA alignment of a fragment of Mpi (mannose phosphatase isomerase) gene from Anopheles sundaicus s.l. used for biogeographical study. Individual haplotypes are submitted to GenBank Popset number 262386140 and details for each specimen are given in publication Supplementary table S1.mpi_geo_GenBank.nexPopulation genetic dataset Anopheles sundaicus Mpi long alignmentDNA alignment of a fragment of Mpi (mannose phosphatase isomerase) gene from Anopheles sundaicus s.l. used for ecological study. Individual haplotypes are submitted to GenBank Popset number 261599516 and details for each specimen are given in publication Supplementary table S1.mpifb_aligngambiae.nexCO1_MSNMinimum spanning network created using Arlequin.Arl_MSNMinimum spanning network created using the software Arlequin.Arlequin input file of the Mpi datasetArlequin input file of the Mpi dataset. Haplotypes for all individual reported separately.Arl.arpArlequin input file of the CO1 dataset.Arlequin input file of the CO1 dataset. Haplotypes for all individual reported separately.CO1.arp