cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907583.v1
title: Barriers to occupational health and safety management in small Brazilian enterprises

description: Abstract Paper aims To determine main barriers to the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems OHSMS in the context of small Brazilian enterprises from the perspectives of owners/managers, labor auditors, and OHS consultants. Originality: Survey with three different perspectives on small Brazilian enterprises. Research method: Survey conducted with stakeholders who influence the safety culture in small enterprises to identify the main barriers to the implementation of OHSMS. Main findings: Owners/managers tend to blame employees and the government for difficulty in implementing OHSMS, and external actors tend to blame management and resource allocation. Opinions converge on inappropriate management behavior, ineffective information and communication and production prioritization. Implications for theory and practice: These barriers should be overcome not only to facilitate the implementation of OHSMS but also to improve the conditions for the management of all small business operations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907580
title: Performance of Flooded Rice Grown in Succession to Winter Cover Crops

description: ABSTRACT: Mean grain yield of flooded rice in southern Brazil has increased in recent years due to the use of high-yield cultivars and improvement of crop management practices. Nevertheless, stagnation in grain yields has been observed in some rice-producing regions. Adoption of conservation tillage systems based on cover crops may be a strategy to increase rice grain yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on initial establishment, development, and grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different fertilization levels and no-tillage. A field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2010/11, 2011/12, and 2012/13) in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. Treatments included three winter cover crops [ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus Benth.), and a ryegrass-serradella mixture] and fallow, and three fertilization levels for rice grown in succession. More than 3 Mg ha−1 of serradella aboveground residue or 4 Mg ha−1 of ryegrass residue limited rice emergence in the first year when rainfall in the sowing-emergence period was higher than in the second and third years. In contrast, a large amount of residue (serradella &gt;2 Mg ha−1; ryegrass &gt;3 Mg ha−1) was beneficial to rice emergence when rainfall was low in the sowing-emergence period of the second and third years. The serradella cover crop increased rice aboveground biomass at anthesis by 22 % compared to the ryegrass cover crop. Furthermore, rice grain yield was 15 % higher in succession to serradella than to ryegrass in the third year. Continuous cultivation of flooded rice in succession to ryegrass over three years reduced grain yield by around 1.4 Mg ha−1, regardless of fertilization level. Fertilization for very high production expectations increased rice grain yield in all years, especially in the second year, when solar radiation was higher than normal. The use of winter cover crops affected plant emergence, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of flooded rice. Rice grain yield increased with increases in fertilization level, and this response was not affected by the previous cover crop.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907580.v1
title: Performance of Flooded Rice Grown in Succession to Winter Cover Crops

description: ABSTRACT: Mean grain yield of flooded rice in southern Brazil has increased in recent years due to the use of high-yield cultivars and improvement of crop management practices. Nevertheless, stagnation in grain yields has been observed in some rice-producing regions. Adoption of conservation tillage systems based on cover crops may be a strategy to increase rice grain yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on initial establishment, development, and grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different fertilization levels and no-tillage. A field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2010/11, 2011/12, and 2012/13) in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. Treatments included three winter cover crops [ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus Benth.), and a ryegrass-serradella mixture] and fallow, and three fertilization levels for rice grown in succession. More than 3 Mg ha−1 of serradella aboveground residue or 4 Mg ha−1 of ryegrass residue limited rice emergence in the first year when rainfall in the sowing-emergence period was higher than in the second and third years. In contrast, a large amount of residue (serradella &gt;2 Mg ha−1; ryegrass &gt;3 Mg ha−1) was beneficial to rice emergence when rainfall was low in the sowing-emergence period of the second and third years. The serradella cover crop increased rice aboveground biomass at anthesis by 22 % compared to the ryegrass cover crop. Furthermore, rice grain yield was 15 % higher in succession to serradella than to ryegrass in the third year. Continuous cultivation of flooded rice in succession to ryegrass over three years reduced grain yield by around 1.4 Mg ha−1, regardless of fertilization level. Fertilization for very high production expectations increased rice grain yield in all years, especially in the second year, when solar radiation was higher than normal. The use of winter cover crops affected plant emergence, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of flooded rice. Rice grain yield increased with increases in fertilization level, and this response was not affected by the previous cover crop.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907577
title: The main channels of international technology transfer in different technological paradigms: implications to overcome underdevelopment

description: Abstract The main international technology transfer channels in different technological paradigms: implications for overcoming underdevelopment. Despite the recognition that overcoming technological backwardness occurs through the construction of domestic technological capabilities, the international transfer of technology has proved to be a relevant strategy at different moments in history and for different nations during their catching-up processes. With the technological evolution in each paradigm, several international technology transfer channels were relatively effective. Based on a historical analysis, we try to show that the main channels have changed over time to respond to technological changes. Therefore, a protagonist channel in one historical moment happens to play a supporting role in others, given that the dominant technology presents characteristics that require the transfer of specific channels.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907574
title: Forage yield of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

description: ABSTRACT. The high cost of nitrogen fertilizers increases the expenses in pasture-based animal production. The inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to reduce the costs. This study evaluated the forage yield of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, fertilized with different levels of nitrogen and subjected to cuts. The experiment was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The factors were the inoculation (without inoculation, inoculated only at planting and reinoculated in the second year), levels of nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 year-1 N) and seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter) when cuts were made. Forage yield, forage accumulation rate, botanical and structural pasture composition were evaluated. Forage yield without nitrogen fertilizer in pastures was in the first year 9.1, 11.7 and 11.7 t ha-1 DM, and in the second year 8.6, 11.2 and 11.5 t ha-1 DM, for the factor inoculation, respectively. The forage yield rises with inoculation at pasture planting, without nitrogen fertilization. Reinoculation is not necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907574.v1
title: Forage yield of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

description: ABSTRACT. The high cost of nitrogen fertilizers increases the expenses in pasture-based animal production. The inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to reduce the costs. This study evaluated the forage yield of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, fertilized with different levels of nitrogen and subjected to cuts. The experiment was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The factors were the inoculation (without inoculation, inoculated only at planting and reinoculated in the second year), levels of nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 year-1 N) and seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter) when cuts were made. Forage yield, forage accumulation rate, botanical and structural pasture composition were evaluated. Forage yield without nitrogen fertilizer in pastures was in the first year 9.1, 11.7 and 11.7 t ha-1 DM, and in the second year 8.6, 11.2 and 11.5 t ha-1 DM, for the factor inoculation, respectively. The forage yield rises with inoculation at pasture planting, without nitrogen fertilization. Reinoculation is not necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907568
title: DIFFERENT PLANT BIOMASS CHARACTERIZATIONS FOR BIOCHAR PRODUCTION

description: ABSTRACT The use of biomass for biochar production is already a reality. However, little is known about its structure and composition, mainly due to the changes occurred during the heat treatment. This information is crucial since it will have an immediate impact on the quality and applicability of the material produced. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze different biomasses, characterizing their potential for biochar production. Woods from Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora and coffee husk were assessed. The biomass was ground and sieved, and then stored under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Subsequently, the material characterizations were performed through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In general, all biomasses presented potential to be used in the production of biochar, where low H/C and O/C ratios were found. The coffee husk has higher lignin, extractives, ash and fixed carbon contents, which certainly contributed to its greater thermal stability. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of bands related to recalcitrant chemical groups such as carboxylics and phenolics in the spectra of all biomasses. The thermogram profiles of the C. citriodora and E. urophylla wood were similar to each other, and different from that of the coffee husk, which showed higher thermal stability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907568.v1
title: DIFFERENT PLANT BIOMASS CHARACTERIZATIONS FOR BIOCHAR PRODUCTION

description: ABSTRACT The use of biomass for biochar production is already a reality. However, little is known about its structure and composition, mainly due to the changes occurred during the heat treatment. This information is crucial since it will have an immediate impact on the quality and applicability of the material produced. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze different biomasses, characterizing their potential for biochar production. Woods from Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora and coffee husk were assessed. The biomass was ground and sieved, and then stored under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Subsequently, the material characterizations were performed through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In general, all biomasses presented potential to be used in the production of biochar, where low H/C and O/C ratios were found. The coffee husk has higher lignin, extractives, ash and fixed carbon contents, which certainly contributed to its greater thermal stability. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of bands related to recalcitrant chemical groups such as carboxylics and phenolics in the spectra of all biomasses. The thermogram profiles of the C. citriodora and E. urophylla wood were similar to each other, and different from that of the coffee husk, which showed higher thermal stability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907565
title: The Presence and Extension of Myocardial Fibrosis in the Undetermined Form of Chagas’ Disease: A Study Using Magnetic Resonance

description: Abstract Background: Previous data has shown that patients in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease may present myocardial fibrosis as shown on through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is little information available regarding the degree of severity of myocardial fibrosis in these individuals. This variable has the potential to predict the evolution of Chagas’ disease into its cardiac form. Objectives: To describe the frequency and extent of myocardial fibrosis evaluated using an MRI in patients in the indeterminate form, and to compare it with other forms of the disease. Methods: Patients were admitted one after another. Their clinical history was collected and they were submitted to laboratory exams and an MRI. Results: Sixty-one patients with Chagas’ disease, with an average age of 58 ± 9 years old, 17 patients in the indeterminate form, 16 in the cardiac form without left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and 28 in the cardiac form with LV dysfunction were studied. P &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Late enhancement was detected in 37 patients (64%). Myocardial fibrosis was identified in 6 individuals in indeterminate form (41%; 95% CI 23-66) in a proportion similar to that observed in cardiac form without LV dysfunction (44%); p = 1.0. Among the individuals with fibrosis, the total area of the affected myocardium was 4.1% (IIQ: 2.1 - 10.7) in the indeterminate form versus 2.3% (IIQ: 1-5) in the cardiac form without LV (p = 0.18). The left ventricular fraction ejection in subjects in the indeterminate form was similar to that of the individuals in the cardiac form without ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.09). Conclusion: The presence of fibrosis in the indeterminate form of Chagas’ disease has a frequency and extension similar to that of in the cardiac form without dysfunction, suggesting that the former is part of a subclinical disease spectrum, rather than lacking cardiac involvement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907565.v1
title: The Presence and Extension of Myocardial Fibrosis in the Undetermined Form of Chagas’ Disease: A Study Using Magnetic Resonance

description: Abstract Background: Previous data has shown that patients in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease may present myocardial fibrosis as shown on through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is little information available regarding the degree of severity of myocardial fibrosis in these individuals. This variable has the potential to predict the evolution of Chagas’ disease into its cardiac form. Objectives: To describe the frequency and extent of myocardial fibrosis evaluated using an MRI in patients in the indeterminate form, and to compare it with other forms of the disease. Methods: Patients were admitted one after another. Their clinical history was collected and they were submitted to laboratory exams and an MRI. Results: Sixty-one patients with Chagas’ disease, with an average age of 58 ± 9 years old, 17 patients in the indeterminate form, 16 in the cardiac form without left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and 28 in the cardiac form with LV dysfunction were studied. P &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Late enhancement was detected in 37 patients (64%). Myocardial fibrosis was identified in 6 individuals in indeterminate form (41%; 95% CI 23-66) in a proportion similar to that observed in cardiac form without LV dysfunction (44%); p = 1.0. Among the individuals with fibrosis, the total area of the affected myocardium was 4.1% (IIQ: 2.1 - 10.7) in the indeterminate form versus 2.3% (IIQ: 1-5) in the cardiac form without LV (p = 0.18). The left ventricular fraction ejection in subjects in the indeterminate form was similar to that of the individuals in the cardiac form without ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.09). Conclusion: The presence of fibrosis in the indeterminate form of Chagas’ disease has a frequency and extension similar to that of in the cardiac form without dysfunction, suggesting that the former is part of a subclinical disease spectrum, rather than lacking cardiac involvement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907562
title: Contamination and Soil Biological Properties in the Serra Pelada Mine - Amazonia, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Discovered in 1980 and unleashed an utter gold rush of the modern era, Serra Pelada was the largest open-air mine in Brazil. About 80,000 gold prospectors worked there until 1984, when the gold pits were flooded. The environmental impact caused by mining inflicted irreversible damage to the ecosystem, with the formation of a large lake and piles of waste rock and sterile overburden, still evident 28 years after the mine was closed. This study aimed to evaluate the available and pseudo total contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the contamination and pollution levels, and to understand how the biological soil factors are related to the chemical properties of the soil and the available PTE contents in the Serra Pelada - Amazônia, Brazil. Soil was collected from seven areas around the lake: Area 1 - margin of the mine without waste and/or sterile deposits; Area 2 - margin with waste and/or sterile deposits; Area 3 - area with sterile deposit; Area 4 - mine tailings, denominated curimã by the prospectors, from which gold had been extracted; Area 5 - sediment dredged from the lake in the mine pit; Area 6 - area with agroforestry system; Area 7 - riparian forest, unaffected by the artisanal gold extraction process (control treatment). Apart from selenium (Se), all evaluated elements, in at least one of the studied areas, exceeded the contents of the investigation values (defined as the content of a given substance in soil or groundwater above which the human health is under potential direct or indirect risks, considering a standardized exposure scenario) in agricultural areas in Brazil, as determined by the National Council of the Environment. Soil enrichment and contamination with Co, Ba, Mn, and Hg were investigated. Principal component analysis showed that the available levels of PTEs influenced the soil biological properties, in particular basal respiration, indicating that important ecosystem processes are being affected by PTE contamination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907562.v1
title: Contamination and Soil Biological Properties in the Serra Pelada Mine - Amazonia, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Discovered in 1980 and unleashed an utter gold rush of the modern era, Serra Pelada was the largest open-air mine in Brazil. About 80,000 gold prospectors worked there until 1984, when the gold pits were flooded. The environmental impact caused by mining inflicted irreversible damage to the ecosystem, with the formation of a large lake and piles of waste rock and sterile overburden, still evident 28 years after the mine was closed. This study aimed to evaluate the available and pseudo total contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the contamination and pollution levels, and to understand how the biological soil factors are related to the chemical properties of the soil and the available PTE contents in the Serra Pelada - Amazônia, Brazil. Soil was collected from seven areas around the lake: Area 1 - margin of the mine without waste and/or sterile deposits; Area 2 - margin with waste and/or sterile deposits; Area 3 - area with sterile deposit; Area 4 - mine tailings, denominated curimã by the prospectors, from which gold had been extracted; Area 5 - sediment dredged from the lake in the mine pit; Area 6 - area with agroforestry system; Area 7 - riparian forest, unaffected by the artisanal gold extraction process (control treatment). Apart from selenium (Se), all evaluated elements, in at least one of the studied areas, exceeded the contents of the investigation values (defined as the content of a given substance in soil or groundwater above which the human health is under potential direct or indirect risks, considering a standardized exposure scenario) in agricultural areas in Brazil, as determined by the National Council of the Environment. Soil enrichment and contamination with Co, Ba, Mn, and Hg were investigated. Principal component analysis showed that the available levels of PTEs influenced the soil biological properties, in particular basal respiration, indicating that important ecosystem processes are being affected by PTE contamination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907559
title: Brazilian ground beef authentication by multiplex polymerase chain reaction

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy ofmultiplex PCR in detecting the adulterationof commercially available ground beefvia addition and/orsubstitution ofground buffalo meat. Experimentally adulterated ground beefsamples were prepared in triplicate, and dilutions of DNA from Bos taurus and Bubalusbubalis were prepared to determine the detection limit of the method. Concurrently, 91 ground meatsamples sold as “ground beef” were collected from differentstores in northern Brazil andanalyzed bymultiplex PCR. Buffalo DNA was detected in 17.5% of the collected ground meat samples.Our results showed that multiplex PCR is an efficient method for detectingthe incorporation of groundbuffalo meatatpercentages ranging from 10 to 100% and the incorporation of beef at percentages ranging from0.1 to 100% intoground meat samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907559.v1
title: Brazilian ground beef authentication by multiplex polymerase chain reaction

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy ofmultiplex PCR in detecting the adulterationof commercially available ground beefvia addition and/orsubstitution ofground buffalo meat. Experimentally adulterated ground beefsamples were prepared in triplicate, and dilutions of DNA from Bos taurus and Bubalusbubalis were prepared to determine the detection limit of the method. Concurrently, 91 ground meatsamples sold as “ground beef” were collected from differentstores in northern Brazil andanalyzed bymultiplex PCR. Buffalo DNA was detected in 17.5% of the collected ground meat samples.Our results showed that multiplex PCR is an efficient method for detectingthe incorporation of groundbuffalo meatatpercentages ranging from 10 to 100% and the incorporation of beef at percentages ranging from0.1 to 100% intoground meat samples.