DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zwgh
title: Direct synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in silico studies of simple chalcones as potential antimicrobial and antileishmanial agents

description: Chalcone represents a vital biosynthetic scaffold owing to its numerous
 therapeutic effects. The present study was intended to synthesize
 seventeen chalcone derivatives (3a-q) by direct coupling of substituted
 acetophenones and benzaldehyde. The target chalcones were characterized by
 spectroscopic analyses followed by their in vitro antimicrobial, and
 antileishmanial investigations with reference to standard drugs. The
 majority of the chalcones displayed good to excellent biological
 activities. Chalcone 3q (1000 μg/mL) exhibited the most potent
 antibacterial effect with its zone of inhibition values of 30, 33, and 34
 mm versus Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas
 aeruginosa respectively. The results also confirmed chalcone 3q to be the
 most potent versus Leishmania major with the lowest IC50 value of
 0.59±0.12 μg/mL. Chalcone 3i (500 μg/mL) was noticed to be the most potent
 antifungal agent with its zone of inhibition being 29 mm against Candida
 albicans. Computational studies of chalcones 3i and 3q supported the
 preliminary in vivo results. The existence of the amino moiety and bromine
 atom on ring-A and methoxy moieties on ring-B caused better biological
 effects of the chalcones. In brief, the investigations reveal that
 chalcones (3i and 3q) can be employed as building blocks to discover novel
 antimicrobial agents.
description: NMR, FTIR, and MS spectra of Direct synthesis, characterization, in vitro
 and in silico studies of simple chalcones as potential antimicrobial and
 antileishmanial agents Fig S1 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3a Fig S2 1HNMR
 spectrum of compound 3b Fig. S3: 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3c Fig. S4:
 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3d Fig. S5: 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3e Fig.
 S6: 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3f Fig. S7. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3g
 Fig. S8. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3h Fig. S9. 1HNMR spectrum of compound
 3i Fig. S10. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3j Fig. S11. 1HNMR spectrum of
 compound 3k Fig. S12. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3l Fig. S13. 1HNMR
 spectrum of compound 3m Fig. S14. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3n Fig. S15.
 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3o Fig. S16. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3p Fig.
 S17. 1HNMR spectrum of compound 3q Fig. S18. 13CNMR spectrum of compound
 3q Fig. S19. FTIR spectrum of compound 3a Fig. S20. FTIR spectrum of
 compound 3b Fig. S21. FTIR spectrum of compound 3c Fig. S22. FTIR spectrum
 of compound 3d Fig. S23. FTIR spectrum of compound 3e Fig. S24. FTIR
 spectrum of compound 3f Fig. S25. FTIR spectrum of compound 3g Fig. S26.
 FTIR spectrum of compound 3h Fig. S27. FTIR spectrum of compound 3i Fig.
 S28. FTIR spectrum of compound 3j Fig. S29. FTIR spectrum of compound 3k
 Fig. S30. FTIR spectrum of compound 3l Fig. S31. FTIR spectrum of compound
 3m Fig. S32. FTIR spectrum of compound 3n Fig. S33. FTIR spectrum of
 compound 3o Fig. S34. FTIR spectrum of compound 3p Fig. S35. FTIR spectrum
 of compound 3q Fig. S36. MS of compound 3a Fig. S37. MS of compound 3b
 Fig. S38. MS of compound 3c Fig. S39. MS of compound 3d Fig. S40. MS of
 compound 3e Fig. S41. MS of compound 3f Fig. S42. MS of compound 3g Fig.
 S43. MS of compound 3h Fig. S44. MS of compound 3i Fig. S45. MS of
 compound 3j Fig. S46. MS of compound 3k Fig. S47. MS of compound 3l Fig.
 S48. MS of compound 3m Fig. S49. MS of compound 3n Fig. S50. MS of
 compound 3o Fig. S51. MS of compound 3p Fig. S52. MS of compound 3q Fig.
 S53: The HOMO-LOMO energy description of compound 3i by DFT Fig. S54: The
 HOMO-LOMO energy description of compound 3q by DFT Fig. S55. DFT
 optimization of compound 3i Fig. S56. DFT optimization of compound 3q