cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25919/j7q8-ff93
title: Long-term project observations for project P1321 semester 2025OCTS_02

description: The atomic interstellar medium shows tiny-scale optical depth fluctuations on the scale of 0.1~10,000 AU, whose origin and nature are poorly understood. The existence of this Tiny-Scale Atomic Structure (TSAS) has significant implications, potentially calling into question our fundamental understanding of heating, cooling and dynamical processes in the interstellar medium. Yet observations remain sparse. This long-term project plans to search for temporal variations in HI absorption spectra seen against background pulsars to characterise TSAS in the Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). These observations constitute the largest number of sightlines and densest temporal sampling ever performed in a single experiment, and will test predictions that TSAS is the tail end of a turbulent cascade, constrain its minimum size scale (down to resolutions of ~0.05 AU) and potentially provide the first direct measurements of pressures in "large" TSAS features of &gt; 1000 AU. We make use of the phase-resolved spectral line mode that we have recently implemented on Parkes, which has cut data rates and processing times by factors of ~1000 compared to past studies. This is an expansion of our pilot P1321 to a long term study.
DOI: 10.25921/ke2g-rx32
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Peltier - Southwest Ecological Memory Project Site J4-P10 - PIED - ITRDB UT560

description: Trees are long-lived organisms that integrate climate conditions across years or decades to produce secondary growth. This integration process is sometimes referred to as 'climatic memory.' While widely perceived, the physiological processes underlying this temporal integration, such as the storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), are rarely explicitly studied. This is perhaps most apparent when considering drought legacies (perturbed post-drought growth responses to climate), and the physiological mechanisms underlying these lagged responses to climatic extremes. Yet, drought legacies are likely to become more common if warming climate brings more frequent drought. To quantify the linkages between drought legacies, climate memory and NSC, we measured tree growth (via tree ring widths) and NSC concentrations in three dominant species across the southwestern USA. We analyzed these data with a hierarchical mixed effects model to evaluate the time-scales of influence of past climate (memory) on tree growth. We then evaluated the role of climate memory and the degree to which variation in NSC concentrations were related to forward-predicted growth during the hot 2011-2012 drought and subsequent 4-year recovery period. Populus tremuloides exhibited longer climatic memory compared to either Pinus edulis or Juniperus osteosperma, but following the 2011-2012 drought, P. tremuloides trees with relatively longer memory of temperature conditions showed larger (more negative) drought legacies. Conversely, Pinus edulis trees with longer temperature memory had smaller (less negative) drought legacies. For both species, higher NSC concentrations followed more negative (larger) drought legacies, though the relevant NSC fraction differed between P. tremuloides and P. edulis. Our results suggest that differences in tree NSC are also imprinted upon tree growth responses to climate across long time scales, which also underlie tree resilience to increasingly frequent drought events under climate change.
description: These tree ring data were collected to assess the climate memory of tree growth around the southwestern US in "ecologically sampled" trees. Trees were from a range of size classes and vigors, but were all dominant or co-dominant. Sites J4 (Juniper) and P10 (Pinyon) are co-located. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2022-04-04.
DOI: 10.25921/kkex-e016
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Larson - Liebmann - QUSP - ITRDB WI039

description: New and updated multi-century tree-ring chronologies from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams from across the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, were developed to fill a spatial gap in the network of available tree-ring chronologies. We produced a robust 303-year summer drought reconstruction (June-August Palmer's Modified Drought Index (PMDI): r2 = 0.45) that identified clusters of extreme droughts and pluvials (PMDI <= -4.0 or >= 4.0) in the early 1700s and more even distributions of drought conditions, with the exception of the post 1930s period when drought became relatively infrequent. Compared to the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) and the North American Drought Atlas (NADA), our reconstruction more accurately represented moderate moisture conditions across the Driftless Area, the NADA and LBDA more closely represented extreme pluvials, and our reconstruction and the LBDA better represented extreme drought years. The three reconstructions largely captured the same high-frequency variability in drought conditions and differed most at low frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between our reconstruction and corn (r = 0.30, n = 91, p = 0.002) and soybean (r = 0.25, n  = 81, p = 0.012) yields, with the strength of the correlations increasing over recent decades suggesting a tighter coupling of interannual climate variability and crop productivity in the region. Superposed epoch analyses indicated significantly wetter conditions in the Driftless Area two years after major volcanic eruptions. In the context of long-term climatic variability, the Driftless Oaks drought reconstruction demonstrated that drought and pluvial conditions more extreme than those experienced during the instrumental record have occurred in the past.
description: Oak ring width data from the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, sampled from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.
DOI: 10.25921/kgv8-cn35
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - EPICA Dome C 203,000 Year High-Resolution FIC Sulfate Data

description: The sulphate glacio-chemical profiles constitute a reliable proxy marker for reconstruction of past volcanic history, assuming a reliable method to distinguish sulphate spikes and to evaluate the flux of individual events is set up. The resulting volcanic event profile is used to reconstruct past event frequencies, and to investigate possible links between volcanism and climatic changes. Volcanic event signatures are useful also in comparing time scales from ice cores drilled at different locations. In this paper, a new method to pick out volcanic signals is proposed. It improves on methods based on the calculation of a threshold using a general mean value plus a multiple of the standard deviation by adding: (1) quantification of nonvolcanic sulphate contributions; (2) sulphate fluxes, instead of concentrations, accounting for accumulation rate changes; (3) data treatment using a log-normal statistic, instead of a Gaussian-type distribution, to take into account the real sulphate distribution; (4) a smoothed curve (weighted fitting) to better understand the residual variability of the sulphate background.
This method is used to detect volcanic events throughout the 45 ky time span of the EDC96 ice core, drilled at Dome C on the East Antarctic plateau. A total of 283 volcanic signatures are recovered, with a mean of 6.3 events per millennium. The temporal event frequencies indicate that the last 2000 years were probably characterized by the highest volcanic activity in the period covered by the core and that there is no clear link between number of events recorded and climatic changes.
description: Sulfate concentrations measured using FIC (fast ion chromatography) at the University of Florence. Resolution is variable, but down to 2 cm in the deeper ice. Data were collected from 2 parallel cores (EDC96 to 770 m, EDC99 below that), and EDC96 depths have been interpolated onto the EDC99 depth scale. Ages are estimated on the AICC2012 age scale. NOTE: Data file was revised 5 January 2022 between 1081.85 m and 1084.05 m because of a processing error that had transposed the depths of two consecutive sections of 1.1 m length. This corrected file gives the corrected depths and ages.
DOI: 10.25921/kfe7-xb45
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Larson - Larson - QUMA - ITRDB WI040

description: New and updated multi-century tree-ring chronologies from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams from across the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, were developed to fill a spatial gap in the network of available tree-ring chronologies. We produced a robust 303-year summer drought reconstruction (June-August Palmer's Modified Drought Index (PMDI): r2 = 0.45) that identified clusters of extreme droughts and pluvials (PMDI <= -4.0 or >= 4.0) in the early 1700s and more even distributions of drought conditions, with the exception of the post 1930s period when drought became relatively infrequent. Compared to the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) and the North American Drought Atlas (NADA), our reconstruction more accurately represented moderate moisture conditions across the Driftless Area, the NADA and LBDA more closely represented extreme pluvials, and our reconstruction and the LBDA better represented extreme drought years. The three reconstructions largely captured the same high-frequency variability in drought conditions and differed most at low frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between our reconstruction and corn (r = 0.30, n = 91, p = 0.002) and soybean (r = 0.25, n  = 81, p = 0.012) yields, with the strength of the correlations increasing over recent decades suggesting a tighter coupling of interannual climate variability and crop productivity in the region. Superposed epoch analyses indicated significantly wetter conditions in the Driftless Area two years after major volcanic eruptions. In the context of long-term climatic variability, the Driftless Oaks drought reconstruction demonstrated that drought and pluvial conditions more extreme than those experienced during the instrumental record have occurred in the past.
description: Oak ring width data from the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, sampled from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.
DOI: 10.25921/k6bk-p552
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Copenheaver - Edwards - ACSH - ITRDB CANA648

description: The conversion of sap from sugar maple (Acer saccharum) to syrup is a multi-million dollar agroforestry industry in North America. Sugar maple trees take decades to reach a size that can be tapped; therefore, maintaining vigorous trees is crucial to the industry's sustainability. Our objectives were to identify whether syrup production altered radial growth or cambium miner activity. We extracted increment cores and measured ring widths from trees tapped for syrup production and untapped reference trees. In Pennsylvania and Ontario, radial growth in tapped trees was significantly reduced compared to reference trees. In New York, there was no significant difference in radial growth between tapped and reference trees. All sites showed a significant reduction in radial growth following commencement of tapping, compared to growth rates prior to tapping. This pattern was not identified in reference trees, which indicates that it was not an artifact of age-related growth trends. There was no significant difference between cambium miner activity in tapped and reference trees. We concluded that the reduction in sugar maple radial growth is likely due to reallocation of resources as the tree heals the damage to the stem during tapping.
description: These sugar maple trees were not tapped for maple syrup production NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/kaph-7g74
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Staroselsky Moch, Russia Air Temperature Reconstruction over the Last 10 ka

description: New multi-proxy records (pollen, testate amoebae, and charcoal) were applied to reconstruct the vegetation dynamics in the boreal forest area of the southern part of Valdai Hills (the Central Forest Biosphere Reserve) during the Holocene. The reconstructions of the mean annual temperature and precipitation, the climate moisture index (CMI), peatland surface moisture, and fire activity have shown that climate change has a significant impact on the boreal forests of European Russia. Temperature growth and decreased moistening during the warmest phases of the Holocene Thermal Maximum in 7.0-6.2 ka BP and 6.0-5.5 ka BP and in the relatively warm phase in 3.4-2.5 ka BP led to structural changes in plant communities, specifically an increase in the abundance of broadleaf tree species in forest stands and the suppression of Picea. The frequency of forest fires was higher in that period, and it resulted in the replacement of spruce forests by secondary stands with Betula and Pinus. Despite significant changes in the climatic parameters projected for the 21st century using even the optimistic RCP2.6 scenario, the time lag between climate changes and vegetation responses makes any catastrophic vegetation disturbances (due to natural reasons) in the area in the 21st century unlikely.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/kdxm-t949
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Harley - Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest - QUAL - ITRDB IN005

description: Tree-ring-based climate reconstructions are typically derived from either (1) a single species from one or multiple locations or (2) multiple species from multiple locations. Here, we investigate the ability of using multiple co-occurring canopy-dominant species from a single location for climate reconstructions based in the eastern United States. Using a variety of techniques, we first compare the climate signals of three canopy-dominant species (Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera ) at an old-growth forest in southern Indiana. We then determine if a composite time series of these co-occurring species increases or decreases the reconstruction model skill. Climate-growth correlation analysis of the species reveals strong and consistent relationships with summer [June-August (JJA)] Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI ) during the period 1895-2012. We first use a split-sample reconstruction technique to compare the performance of species reconstruction models. We then use a nested technique to build a composite chronology against which to compare the individual species chronologies. The composite chronology of all three species accounts for up to 38% of the mean variation in JJA PDSI, and verification statistics indicate robust statistical skill from 1870 to 2012. The composite chronology reconstruction also outperforms each individual species model, indicating that using multiple co-occurring species increases reconstruction skill, at least from a single study site. Furthermore, model performance is improved by using nested reconstruction techniques, and implicates the potential ability to use multiple co-occurring species across multiple locations in the eastern United States.
description: multiple co-occurring species. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-07-07.
DOI: 10.25921/kmc7-xv90
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gulf of Mexico d18O, Mg/Ca and SST Reconstructions during the Last Deglaciation

description: Evidence is emerging that the tropical climate system played a major role in global climate change during the last deglaciation. However, existing studies show that deglacial warming was asynchronous across the tropical band, complicating the identiﬁcation of causal mechanisms. The Orca Basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico is ideally located to record subtropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature (SST) warming in relation to meltwater input from the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Paired d18O and Mg/Ca data on the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber from core EN32-PC6 are used to separate deglacial changes in SST and d18O of seawater. SST as calculated from Mg/Ca data increased by > 3 degrees C from ca. 17.2 to 15.5 ka in association with Heinrich event 1 and was not in phase with Greenland air temperature. Subtracting temperature effects from d18O values in G. ruber reveals two excursions representing Laurentide meltwater input to the Gulf of Mexico, one of >1.5‰ from ca. 16.1 to 15.6 ka and a second major spike of >2.5‰ from ca. 15.2 to 13.0 ka that encompassed meltwater pulse 1A and peaked ca. 13.8 ka during the Bølling-Ållerød. Conversion to salinity through the use of a Laurentide meltwater end member of 225‰ indicates that near-surface salinity decreased by 2‰–4‰ during these spikes. These results suggest that Gulf of Mexico SST warming preceded peak Laurentide Ice Sheet decay and the Bølling-Ållerød interval by >2 k.y. and that heat was retained in the subtropical Atlantic during Heinrich event 1, consistent with modulation of deglacial climate by thermohaline circulation.
description: Metadata are from the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data are from the supplemental material of Flower et al. 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1130/G20604.1). In about 10% of the samples, pink and white ruber were combined for Mg/Ca analyses. Some of the d18O data are from Leventer, 1982.
DOI: 10.25921/kwdj-qf91
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kim - Mudeung Mountain - PIDE - ITRDB KORE002

description: Tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies have successfully been used as climate proxies to infer climate variabilities over the past hundreds to thousands of years worldwide beyond observational records. However, these data are scarce over parts of subtropical East Asia, and especially over the Korean Peninsula. In this pilot study, Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc.) TRW chronologies from Mt. Mudeung and Mt. Wolchul, South Korea, were developed, and their local- to large-cale climatic responses were investigated. Mt. Mudeung TRW had a positive association with local temperature in the preceding December and April. Mt. Wolchul TRW had a positive association with local temperature in the preceding December and most of the early summer to autumn months, and with local precipitation in February and October. On a large scale, both TRWs retained meaningful temperature and monsoon precipitation signals over East Asia and sea surface temperature signals over the Western North Pacific. The results suggest that the subtropical trees from South Korea can be used to infer past long-term climate variability at both local and large scales over East Asia and the Western North Pacific, such as the East Asian summer monsoon, the Kuroshio Current, the Western North Pacific Subtropical High, and El Nino-Southern Oscillation.
description: Tree-ring width measurement file from Mudeung Mountain, South Korea for the period 1962 to 2018. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22.
DOI: 10.25921/k17x-f642
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Pentadactylos Cave, Cyprus Marine Isotope Stage 6/5 Stable Isotope Data

description: A new paleoclimate record from Cyprus gives valuable insights into climatic variations during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6-5 for the East Mediterranean region. Two stalagmites from Pentadactylos cave in the Kyrenia mountain range (800 m altitude) in Cyprus grew from 174.6 ± 0.7 to 112.2 ± 0.5 ka BP with major hiatuses at 163-142 and 132-128 ka. During early MIS6 the stalagmite suggests through a relatively low growth rate (57-5 mm/ka) and variable, but rather negative d18O that climate conditions were highly variable on a millennial scale, with wet and cold climate conditions during Sapropel 6 deposition. At the end of MIS6 (141-132 ka), growth rate varied from 123 to 18 mm/ka and less negative d18 O c suggests general dry/cold conditions followed by a growth stop during H11. The onset of MIS5e is marked by the highest growth rate (217 mm/ka). The most negative d18O values at the onset and during the Eemian wet period in Cyprus are driven mostly by the source effect (Sapropel 5) and enhanced rainfall amounts. Stable conditions during MIS 5e were rather short as shown in the growth and isotopic signal, consistent with other EM records. After 122 ka, growth decreased drastically (8-2 mm/ka) and a slow deterioration of the soil cover is suggested from continuously less negative d13C values. Fluid inclusion d18O shows a clear shift (4-5 per mil) between end-MIS 6 and MIS 5e. Clumped isotopes measurements indicate kinetic effects between calcite and water of up to ~1 per mil. After correction for kinetic effects using D47, a minimum estimate for the MIS 6-5 temperature shift in the EM is ca. 9C. Similarly, drastic changes in rainfall amounts are inferred from measured (fluid inclusion) and calculated water d18O.
description: Stable isotope (d18O, d13C) data for stalagmites collected in Pentadactylos Cave, Cyprus for Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 6 (192 - 111 kyrBP)
DOI: 10.25921/kr2b-rf25
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest - ACSH - ITRDB IN042

description: While forest communities are changing as a result of global environmental change, the impacts of tree species shifts on ecosystem services such as carbon storage are poorly quantified. In many parts of the eastern United States (US), more xeric-adapted oak-hickory dominated stands are being replaced with mesic beech-maple assemblages. To examine the possible impacts of this ongoing change in forest composition, we investigated how two wide-ranging and co-occurring eastern US species - Acer saccharum (sugar maple) and Quercus alba (white oak) - respond to interannual climate variability. Using 781 tree cores from 418 individual trees at 18 locations, we found late-growing season drought reduced A. saccharum growth more than that of Q. alba. A gradient in the growth reduction across latitude was also found in A. saccharum, where southern populations of A. saccharum experienced greater reductions in growth during drought. Drought had a legacy effect on growth for both species, with drought occurring later in the growing season having a larger legacy effect. Consequently, as forests shift from oak to maple dominance, drought in the later part of the growing season is likely to become an increasingly important control on forest productivity. Thus, our findings suggest that co-occurring species are responding to environmental conditions during different times in the growing season and, therefore, the timing of drought conditions will play an important role in forest productivity and carbon sequestration as forest species composition changes. These findings are particularly important because the projected increases in potential evapotranspiration, combined with possible changes in the seasonality of precipitation could have a substantial impact on how tree growth responds to future climatic change.
description: Sugar Maple and White Oak comparisons 1901-2016 (analyses period). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.