cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqth
title: Heterozygote advantage and pleiotropy contribute to intraspecific color trait variability

description: The persistence of intrapopulation phenotypic variation typically requires
 some form of balancing selection since drift and directional selection
 eventually erode genetic variation. Heterozygote advantage remains a
 classic explanation for the maintenance of genetic variation in the face
 of selection. However, examples of heterozygote advantage, other than
 those associated with disease resistance are rather uncommon. Across most
 of its distribution, males of the aposematic moth Arctia plantaginis have
 two hindwing phenotypes determined by a heritable one locus-two allele
 polymorphism (genotypes: WW/Wy = white morph, yy = yellow morph). Using
 genotyped moths we show that the presence of one or two copies of the
 yellow allele affects several life-history traits. Reproductive output of
 both males and females, and female mating success are negatively affected
 by two copies of the yellow allele. Females carrying one yellow allele
 (i.e. Wy) have higher fertility, hatching success, and offspring survival
 than either homozygote, thus leading to strong heterozygote advantage. Our
 results indicate strong female contribution especially at the
 postcopulatory stage in maintaining the color polymorphism. The interplay
 between heterozygote advantage, yellow allele pleiotropic effect and
 morph-specific predation pressure may exert balancing selection on the
 color locus, suggesting that color polymorphism may be maintained through
 complex interactions between natural and sexual selection.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jcx
title: Data from: Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

description: Human habitat disturbance affects both species diversity and intraspecific
 genetic diversity, leading to correlations between these two components of
 biodiversity (termed species - genetic diversity correlation,
 SGDC). However, whether SGDC predictions extend to
 host-associated communities, such as the intestinal parasite and gut
 microbial diversity, remains largely unexplored. Additionally,
 the role of dominant generalist species is often neglected despite their
 importance in shaping the environment experienced by other members of the
 ecological community, and their role as source, reservoir and vector of
 zoonotic diseases. New analytical approaches (e.g., structural equation
 modelling, SEM) can be used to assess SGDC relationships and distinguish
 among direct and indirect effects of habitat characteristics and
 disturbance on the various components of biodiversity. With six concrete
 and biologically sound models in mind, we collected habitat
 characteristics of 22 study sites from four distinct landscapes
 located in central Panama. Each landscape differed in
 the degree of human disturbance and fragmentation measured by several
 quantitative variables, such as canopy cover, canopy height and understory
 density. In terms of biodiversity, we estimated on the one hand,
 1) small mammal species diversity, and, on the other hand, 2) genome-wide
 diversity, 3) intestinal parasite diversity and 4) gut microbial
 heterogeneity of the most dominant generalist species (Tome’s spiny
 rat, Proechimys semispinosus). We used SEMs to assess
 the links between habitat characteristics and biological diversity
 measures. The best supported SEM suggested that habitat characteristics
 directly and positively affect the richness of small mammals, the genetic
 diversity of P. semispinosus and its gut microbial
 heterogeneity. Habitat characteristics did not, however, directly impact
 intestinal parasite diversity. We also detected
 indirect, positive effects of habitat characteristics on both
 host-associated assemblages via small mammal richness. For microbes, this
 is likely linked to cross species transmission, particularly in shared
 and/or anthropogenically altered habitats, whereas host diversity
 mitigates parasite infections. The SEM revealed an additional indirect but
 negative effect on intestinal parasite diversity via
 host genetic diversity. Our study showcases that habitat alterations not
 only affect species diversity and host genetic diversity in parallel, but
 also species diversity of host-associated assemblages. The impacts
 from human disturbance are therefore expected to ripple through
 entire ecosystems with far reaching effects felt even by generalist
 species.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.234cdv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 517 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Portugal",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Triturus pygmaeus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 517 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003218-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr83w
title: Spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns reveal ontogenetic shifts in ecological processes of plant community assembly

description: The analysis of spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of plant
 communities provides insight into the underlying processes and
 interactions governing their assembly, and how these may change during
 plant ontogeny. We used point pattern analysis to find out if saplings and
 adult plants are surrounded by phylogenetically and phenotypically more
 similar or dissimilar neighbours than expected by chance, and whether
 these associations change from the sapling to the adult stage. To this
 end, we combined information on the phylogenetic structure and eight
 phenotypic traits of 15 woody plant species in two Mediterranean mixed
 forests of southeastern Spain. At the community level, we found that the
 sapling bank at both sites did not show phylogenetic or phenotypic spatial
 patterns, but adults showed phylogenetic clustering (i.e., heterospecific
 neighbours were more similar than expected). At the species level, we
 found frequently repulsive patterns in the sapling bank of less abundant
 species (i.e., heterospecific sapling or adult neighbours were more
 dissimilar than expected) in both, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses.
 For the adult stage, we found phylogenetic attraction (i.e., more similar
 neighbours) in just one species and phenotypic clustering in four species.
 The processes driving the assembly of the communities of saplings and
 adults leave detectable signals in the spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic
 structure of our two forest communities. Our findings reinforce the
 existence of ontogenetic shifts in the mechanisms involved in plant
 community assembly. Facilitation between phylogenetically distant and
 phenotypically divergent species favours the recruitment of less abundant
 species. However, processes acting later in the ontogeny ameliorate the
 competition between close relatives and determine the spatial structure of
 adult plants. Nevertheless, the role of phenotype in shaping adult-adult
 interactions was context- and trait-dependent. The use of spatial point
 pattern analysis allowed a nuanced interpretation of the phylogenetic and
 phenotypic structures of the plant community.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57dt
title: Microsatellite genotypes for temporal monitoring of the Floreana Island Galapagos Giant Tortoise captive breeding program

description: Captive breeding programs benefit from genetic analyses that identify
 relatedness between individuals, assign parentage to offspring, and track
 levels of genetic diversity. Monitoring these parameters across breeding
 cycles is critical to the success of a captive breeding program as it
 allows conservation managers to iteratively evaluate and adjust program
 structure. However, in practice, genetic tracking of breeding outcomes is
 rarely conducted. Here, we examined the first three offspring cohorts
 (2017 – 2020) of the genetically-informed captive breeding program for the
 Floreana Island Galapagos giant tortoise, Chelonoidis niger. This captive
 breeding program is unique as the Floreana tortoise has been extinct since
 the 1800s, but its genome persists, in part, in the form of living hybrids
 with the extant Volcano Wolf tortoise, Chelonoidis becki. Breeding over
 the study period took place at the Galapagos National Park Directorate
 breeding facility in four corrals, each containing three females and two
 males. Using 17 microsatellite markers, we were able to assign parentage
 to 94 of the 98 offspring produced over the study period. We observe that
 despite the addition of more founders since the pilot breeding program,
 the effective population size remains low, and changes to the arrangements
 of breeding corrals may be necessary to encourage more equal reproductive
 output from the males. This study demonstrates the value of hybrids for
 species restoration and the importance of continually reassessing the
 outcomes of captive breeding.
description: Small tissue biopsies were
 obtained from the 98 successfully hatched offspring (20 hatched 2017/2018,
 43 hatched 2018/2019, 35 hatched 2019/2020) and stored at ambient
 temperature in Longmire Lysis buffer (Longmire et al. 1997) until arrival in the lab, after which they were
 stored at 4 °C. DNA was extracted from the tissues using Qiagen DNeasy
 kits following the manufacturer’s protocol. PCR products were separated by
 electrophoresis using an Applied Biosystems (AB) 3730xl capillary
 sequencer, with allele peaks identified in GeneMarker
 (Hulce et al.
 2011). Genotypes for both
 the breeders and offspring were called using bins through the R package
 MsatAllele (Alberto
 2009), R version 3.6.2
 (R Development Core Team
 2019) and then manually
 verified by eye. All DNA samples were genotyped at the same 21 loci as
 Quinzin et al.
 (2019). However, since 4
 loci did not perform consistently across samples, they were excluded from
 downstream analyses which were based on 17 loci (Supplementary Table 2).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2fqz612s9
title: Magnetically actuated gearbox for the wireless control of millimeter-scale robots

description: The limited force or torque outputs of miniature magnetic actuators
 constrain the locomotion performances and functionalities of magnetic
 millimeter-scale robots. Here, we present a magnetically actuated gearbox
 with a maximum size of 3 millimeters for driving wireless millirobots. The
 gearbox is assembled using microgears that have reference diameters down
 to 270 micrometers and are made of aluminum-filled epoxy resins through
 casting. With a magnetic disk attached to the input shaft, the gearbox can
 be driven by a rotating external magnetic field, which is not more than
 6.8 millitesla, to produce torque of up to 0.182 millinewton meters at 40
 hertz. The corresponding torque and power densities are 12.15 micronewton
 meters per cubic millimeter and 8.93 microwatt per cubic millimeter,
 respectively. The transmission efficiency of the gearbox in the air is
 between 25.1 and 29.2% at actuation frequencies ranging from 1 to 40
 hertz, and it lowers when the gearbox is actuated in viscous liquids. This
 miniature gearbox can be accessed wirelessly and integrated with various
 functional modules to repeatedly generate large actuation forces, strains,
 and speeds; store energy in elastic components; and lock up mechanical
 linkages. These characteristics enable us to achieve a peristaltic robot
 that can crawl on a flat substrate or inside a tube, a jumping robot with
 a tunable jumping height, a clamping robot that can sample solid objects
 by grasping, a needle-puncture robot that can take samples from the inside
 of the target, and a syringe robot that can collect or release liquids.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2z34tmpq0
title: Observations of Jordanita species in Central Europe from the BioOffice database, Tyolean state museum

description: The decline of biodiversity in general and of insect diversity in
 particular has been recognized as a major environmental problem in recent
 years. The study of Markl et al., in which this dataset was used, reports
 the distribution and the decline of populations of forester moths of the
 genus Jordanita in Central Europe since 1950 as a type example of the loss
 of grassland biodiversity, and discusses the reasons for this decline.
 Based on extensive work in museums and private collections, a literature
 review and own observations, and including data as far back as 1834, this
 genus helps to understand the deeper reasons of insect population and
 biodiversity decline, as the well investigated six Central European
 species cover a broad range of extensive grassland habitats (fens to
 low-production grassland and xerothermic steppes) from low altitudes to
 high alpine meadows. Therefore, they monitor processes relevant also to
 other, less investigated grassland species.
description: This dataset was assembled
 using various approaches: 1. The available literature on forester moths in
 Central Europe since 1834 (Boisduval, 1834) was screened in detail to find
 every locality mentioned (see Efetov & Tarmann, 1999; de Freina
 & Witt, 2001, for a comprehensive list of
 references). 2. Many of the most important European museum
 and private collections on Lepidoptera were visited in the last 55 years
 and data on forester moths were collected.
 3. Extensive field studies and
 mapping trips as well as exchange of knowledge with many colleagues
 augmented this database leading to a clear picture of the original
 distribution of the six investigated Jordanita species in Central Europe,
 their decline or, respectively, the areas where populations could
 withstand this trend of decline. In total, about 15.000 museum specimens were
 examined, about 500 references were searched and all these data were then
 implemented into the BioOffice database of the Collection and Research
 Centre of the Tyrolean State Museum, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
description: The data are in an Excel file and only Excel is needed to open
 and use them.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wkf
title: Tropical–temperate comparisons in insect seed predation vary between study levels and years

description: The biotic interaction hypothesis, which states the species interaction
 becomes stronger in the tropics, is deeply rooted in classic ecological
 literature and widely accepted to contribute to the latitudinal gradients
 of biodiversity. Tests in latitudinal insect-plant interaction have
 emphasized leaf-eating insects on a single or a few plant species rather
 than within an entire community and mixed accumulating evidence, leaving
 the biotic interaction hypothesis disputed. We aimed to test the
 hypothesis by quantifying seed predation by insects in a pair of tropical
 and temperate forest communities with similar elevations. We applied a
 consistent study design to sample pre-dispersal seeds with systematically
 set seed traps in 2019-2020 and examined internally feeding insects. The
 intensity of seed predation was measured and further applied to tropical
 versus temperate comparison at two levels (cross-species and
 community-wide). Our results showed every latitudinal pattern associated
 with different study levels and years, i.e., negative (greater granivory
 in the tropics in community-wide comparison in 2020), positive (less
 granivory in the tropics in community-wide and cross-species comparison in
 2019), and missing (similar level of granivory in the tropics in
 cross-species comparisons in 2020). The cross-species level analyses
 ignore differences among species in seed production and weaken or even
 lose the latitudinal trend detected by community-wide comparisons. The
 between-year discrepancy in tropical-temperate comparisons relates to the
 highly variable annual seed composition in the temperate forest due to
 mast seeding of dominant species. Our study highlights that long-term
 community-level researches across biomes are essential to assess the
 latitudinal biotic interaction hypothesis.
description: The seeds were collected from two dynamic forest plots engaged in
 the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Network (CForBio) and Forest Global Earth
 Observatory network (CTFS-ForestGEO), and the sampling and processing
 protocols were largely standardized and consistent.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.18931zd11
title: Data from high throughput SNP-chip as cost effective new monitoring tool for assessing invasion dynamics in the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi

description: High throughput low-density SNP arrays provide a cost-effective solution
 for population genetic studies and monitoring of genetic diversity as well
 as population structure commonly implemented in real time stock assessment
 of fish species. However, the application of high throughput SNP arrays
 for monitoring of invasive species has so far not been implemented. We
 developed a species-specific SNP array for the invasive comb jelly
 Mnemiopsis leidyi based on whole genome resequencing data. Initially, a
 total of 1,395 high quality SNPs were identified using stringent filtering
 criteria. From those, 192 assays were designed and validated, resulting in
 the final panel of 116 SNPs. Markers were diagnostic between the northern
 and southern M. leidyi lineages and highly polymorphic to distinguish
 populations. Despite using a reduced representation of the genome, our SNP
 panel yielded comparable results to using a whole genome resequencing
 approach (832,323 SNPs), recovering similar values of genetic
 differentiation between samples and detecting the same clustering groups
 when performing Structure analyses. The resource presented here provides a
 cost-effective, high throughput solution for population genetic studies,
 allowing to routinely genotype large number of individuals. Monitoring of
 genetic diversity and effective population size estimations in this highly
 invasive species will allow for the early detection of new introductions
 from distant source regions or hybridization events. Thereby, this SNP
 chip represents an important management tool in order to understand
 invasion dynamics  and opens the door for implementing such
 methods for a wider range of alien invasive species.
description: SNPs were genotyped on
 96.96 Dynamic Arrays (Fluidigm Corporation, San Francisco) using the
 Fluidigm EP1 instrumentation. The Fluidigm SNP Genotyping Analysis software
 was used to call genotypes and compile data. Each assay was assessed
 individually on the basis of plot quality (samples were expected to
 group in non-dispersed compact clusters according to genotype) and match
 between observed and expected clustering patterns. Genotyped individuals included a subset of 46
 re-sequenced individuals from Jaspers et al. (2021) from which genotypes
 were known: 6 individuals from Miami (native, Florida, S USA), 11 from
 Sylt (invasive, Germany, North Sea, N Europe), 12 from Varna (invasive,
 Bulgaria, Black Sea, S Europe), 5 from Villefranche-sur-Mer (invasive,
 France, Mediterranean Sea, S Europe) and 12 from Woods Hole (native, Rhode
 Island, NE USA). Each individual was included in the array twice for
 validation.
description: Excel
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb5w1
title: Fasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafish

description: Fasting increases lifespan in invertebrates, improves biomarkers of health
 in vertebrates, and is increasingly proposed as a promising route to
 improve human health. Nevertheless, little is known about how fasted
 animals use resources upon refeeding, and how such decisions affect
 putative trade-offs between somatic growth and repair, reproduction, and
 gamete quality. Such fasting-induced trade-offs are based on strong
 theoretical foundations and have been recently discovered in
 invertebrates, but the data on vertebrates is lacking. Here we report that
 fasted female zebrafish, Danio rerio, increase investment in soma upon
 refeeding, but it comes at a cost of egg quality. Specifically, an
 increase in fin re-growth was accompanied by a reduction in 24-hours
 post-fertilization offspring survival. Refed males showed a reduction in
 sperm velocity and impaired 24-hour post-fertilisation offspring survival.
 These findings underscore the necessity of considering the impact on eggs
 and sperm when assessing evolutionary and biomedical implications of
 lifespan-extending treatments in females and males and call for careful
 evaluation of the effects of fasting (both during and post) on
 fertilisation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g1jwsv0m
title: Determinants of genetic diversity and species richness of North American amphibians

description: Aim: Ecological limits on population sizes and the number of species a
 region can sustain are thought to simultaneously produce spatial patterns
 in population genetic diversity and species richness due to the effects of
 random drift operating in parallel across population and community levels.
 Here, we test the extent to which resource-based environmental limits
 jointly determine these patterns of biodiversity in amphibians. Location:
 North America. Taxon: Amphibians. Methods: We repurposed open, raw
 microsatellite data from 19 species sampled at 554 sites in North America
 and mapped nuclear genetic diversity at the continental scale. We then
 tested whether ecological limits defined by resource availability and
 environmental heterogeneity could simultaneously shape biogeographic
 patterns in genetic diversity and species richness with structural
 equation modeling. Results: Spatial patterns of population genetic
 diversity run opposite patterns of species richness and genetic
 differentiation. However, while measures of resource availability and
 niche heterogeneity predict 89% of the variation in species richness,
 these landscape metrics were poor predictors of genetic diversity. Main
 conclusions: Although heterogeneity appears to be an important driver of
 genetic and species biodiversity patterns in amphibians, variation in
 genetic diversity both within and across species makes it difficult to
 infer general processes producing spatial patterns of amphibian genetic
 diversity. This result differs from those found in endotherms and may be
 due to the considerable life history variation found across amphibians.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dnd9gc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6967 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Country is Germany",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Month is September",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Odonata",
 "Year is 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6967 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003219-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.