cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.7274/25587729
title: Missionary-Citizenship: Neighbor, Nation, and Globe in American Protestant Childhood from the Great War to the Cold War

description: This dissertation examines a widespread project in mid-twentieth-century American Protestantism known as missionary education, which included networks of mission-themed clubs, activities, and magazines for children. Overseas missionary work comprised the content of these programs, yet I argue that they reveal more about the function of the mission field in forming an American Protestant identity in the children in the pews. Missionary education programs sought to instill a holistic, “missionary-citizen” identity in which engagement with foreign missionary work was foundational to proper development of global, national, and community citizenship. 
Missionary education programs across the Protestant spectrum embraced a shared vision of the Christian nation and its mission to the world, which represents a persistent grassroots consensus in a period marked by theological rancor. Immediately following the Great War, children learned to view themselves as both world friends and world leaders, in an attempt to retain and reform the missionary project for an anti-imperial age. Amid a missionary funding crisis and the Great Depression, Protestant children were taught to give generously as both debtors to the world and investors in the missionary enterprise. A spiritualized view of the World War II conflict helped convert missionary-citizens from peacemaking ambassadors to Christian soldiers. And in the Cold War years, Protestants shaped their children into global crusaders for Christianity and democracy. By the 1950s, the missionary-citizenship consensus had eroded through denominational consolidation and political polarization, and America’s mission to the world divided rather than united Protestant children.
A study of children’s missionary education sheds light on the ways midcentury Protestants resolved the tension between nationalism and internationalism in the American child’s obligations to the world, and the potential and limitations of a missionary-citizen framing of racial diversity at home. It also speaks to the relative impact of doctrinal distinctives, lived religion, and denominational politics on religious identity formation; the role of not only gender discrimination, but also generational shifts and fundraising capacity in the trajectory of autonomous women’s missionary groups; and the ways conflicting theological foundations can converge in a shared mission.
DOI: 10.7274/25587729.v1
title: Missionary-Citizenship: Neighbor, Nation, and Globe in American Protestant Childhood from the Great War to the Cold War

description: This dissertation examines a widespread project in mid-twentieth-century American Protestantism known as missionary education, which included networks of mission-themed clubs, activities, and magazines for children. Overseas missionary work comprised the content of these programs, yet I argue that they reveal more about the function of the mission field in forming an American Protestant identity in the children in the pews. Missionary education programs sought to instill a holistic, “missionary-citizen” identity in which engagement with foreign missionary work was foundational to proper development of global, national, and community citizenship. 
Missionary education programs across the Protestant spectrum embraced a shared vision of the Christian nation and its mission to the world, which represents a persistent grassroots consensus in a period marked by theological rancor. Immediately following the Great War, children learned to view themselves as both world friends and world leaders, in an attempt to retain and reform the missionary project for an anti-imperial age. Amid a missionary funding crisis and the Great Depression, Protestant children were taught to give generously as both debtors to the world and investors in the missionary enterprise. A spiritualized view of the World War II conflict helped convert missionary-citizens from peacemaking ambassadors to Christian soldiers. And in the Cold War years, Protestants shaped their children into global crusaders for Christianity and democracy. By the 1950s, the missionary-citizenship consensus had eroded through denominational consolidation and political polarization, and America’s mission to the world divided rather than united Protestant children.
A study of children’s missionary education sheds light on the ways midcentury Protestants resolved the tension between nationalism and internationalism in the American child’s obligations to the world, and the potential and limitations of a missionary-citizen framing of racial diversity at home. It also speaks to the relative impact of doctrinal distinctives, lived religion, and denominational politics on religious identity formation; the role of not only gender discrimination, but also generational shifts and fundraising capacity in the trajectory of autonomous women’s missionary groups; and the ways conflicting theological foundations can converge in a shared mission.
DOI: 10.7274/25591230
title: Antislavery Feelings and Proslavery Steps: From the Atlantic to the Continental Slave Trade in Virginia, 1619-1820

description: This dissertation examines the transition from the transatlantic to the transcontinental slave trade in Virginia from the colonial period to the antebellum era. It uses private correspondence and public discourse from various figures in order to explore the way in which contemporaries observed and made sense of this transition. It considers the bearing of economic, political, social, and moral aspects of slavery and the slave trade on Virginian policy toward both. Historians have long pointed to the obvious economic incentives in shutting down transatlantic importation of enslaved Africans for wealthy enslaving Virginians. Often, historians assume a rent-seeking effort to protect or even create a domestic slave trade explains the prohibition of the transatlantic slave trade and the subsequent shift to the transcontinental slave trade. This project argues that Virginian legislators and others invested in the political and economic development of both Virginia and the United States consistently framed their policy toward slavery and the slave trade in terms of their racist desire to control, restrict, and diminish the Black population.
DOI: 10.7274/25591230.v1
title: Antislavery Feelings and Proslavery Steps: From the Atlantic to the Continental Slave Trade in Virginia, 1619-1820

description: This dissertation examines the transition from the transatlantic to the transcontinental slave trade in Virginia from the colonial period to the antebellum era. It uses private correspondence and public discourse from various figures in order to explore the way in which contemporaries observed and made sense of this transition. It considers the bearing of economic, political, social, and moral aspects of slavery and the slave trade on Virginian policy toward both. Historians have long pointed to the obvious economic incentives in shutting down transatlantic importation of enslaved Africans for wealthy enslaving Virginians. Often, historians assume a rent-seeking effort to protect or even create a domestic slave trade explains the prohibition of the transatlantic slave trade and the subsequent shift to the transcontinental slave trade. This project argues that Virginian legislators and others invested in the political and economic development of both Virginia and the United States consistently framed their policy toward slavery and the slave trade in terms of their racist desire to control, restrict, and diminish the Black population.
DOI: 10.7274/25604775
title: Priests, Confessors, and Flock in the Middle Byzantine Period (8<sup>th</sup>-12<sup>th </sup>c.): Social Regulation and Daily Life in the Mirror of Provincial Penitentials and Apocalyptic Sermons

description: This dissertation is a study of the role of the lower clergy, namely priests and confessors, and their relationships with churchgoers in provincial, predominantly rural communities in Byzantium between the eighth and twelfth centuries based on penitentials and apocalyptic sermons. I argue that using such mechanisms of social control as sermon and confession, the local clergy attempted to admonish the flock and regulate the believers’ individual and social behavior through rebuke and intimidation by threatening churchgoers with punishments in the afterlife and imposing earthly penances. A juxtaposition and analysis of two apocalyptic sermons, namely the Apocalypse of the Holy Mother of God and Apocalypse of Anastasia, with two confessors’ manuals shed light on several aspects of social relations, hierarchies, beliefs, everyday practices, and mentality of community members, as well as contribute to a better understanding of a two-sided regulation of behavior. Being in close contact with churchgoers, priests and confessors strove to build
relationships with their flock based on reverence and mutual responsibilities, regulate the intimate life of community members, oversee their religious practices, and have an impact on their social relations and economic activities. The local clergy’s chief goal was to generate or alter perceptions that would contribute to a change of behavior and steer the social and individual conduct of community members into a way of life consistent with Orthodox Christian teaching and ethics. A comparison of norms presented in penitentials and sermons with concepts reflected in secular and ecclesiastical law reveals multiple similarities that point to the fact that many standards of behavior were universal and relevant to all Orthodox Byzantines. Yet, handbooks for confessors and apocalyptic sermons express a different view on various issues, especially regarding social justice and sexual mores. Such discrepancies reflect social tensions in Byzantine provinces and the local clergy’s ambition to educate the flock concerning certain matters differently from what the law dictated. By illuminating several facets of social relations and daily life in provincial communities with the help of previously neglected sources, this dissertation contributes to the study of the social history of Byzantine provinces and the countryside.
DOI: 10.7274/25604775.v1
title: Priests, Confessors, and Flock in the Middle Byzantine Period (8<sup>th</sup>-12<sup>th </sup>c.): Social Regulation and Daily Life in the Mirror of Provincial Penitentials and Apocalyptic Sermons

description: This dissertation is a study of the role of the lower clergy, namely priests and confessors, and their relationships with churchgoers in provincial, predominantly rural communities in Byzantium between the eighth and twelfth centuries based on penitentials and apocalyptic sermons. I argue that using such mechanisms of social control as sermon and confession, the local clergy attempted to admonish the flock and regulate the believers’ individual and social behavior through rebuke and intimidation by threatening churchgoers with punishments in the afterlife and imposing earthly penances. A juxtaposition and analysis of two apocalyptic sermons, namely the Apocalypse of the Holy Mother of God and Apocalypse of Anastasia, with two confessors’ manuals shed light on several aspects of social relations, hierarchies, beliefs, everyday practices, and mentality of community members, as well as contribute to a better understanding of a two-sided regulation of behavior. Being in close contact with churchgoers, priests and confessors strove to build
relationships with their flock based on reverence and mutual responsibilities, regulate the intimate life of community members, oversee their religious practices, and have an impact on their social relations and economic activities. The local clergy’s chief goal was to generate or alter perceptions that would contribute to a change of behavior and steer the social and individual conduct of community members into a way of life consistent with Orthodox Christian teaching and ethics. A comparison of norms presented in penitentials and sermons with concepts reflected in secular and ecclesiastical law reveals multiple similarities that point to the fact that many standards of behavior were universal and relevant to all Orthodox Byzantines. Yet, handbooks for confessors and apocalyptic sermons express a different view on various issues, especially regarding social justice and sexual mores. Such discrepancies reflect social tensions in Byzantine provinces and the local clergy’s ambition to educate the flock concerning certain matters differently from what the law dictated. By illuminating several facets of social relations and daily life in provincial communities with the help of previously neglected sources, this dissertation contributes to the study of the social history of Byzantine provinces and the countryside.
DOI: 10.7274/25607799
title: Policing America: Patrolling the Streets and Controlling the Public, 1832-1916

description: In this dissertation, I compare the founding and early evolution of police forces in three American cities—Philadelphia, Chicago, and San Francisco---from 1832 to 1915. Most modern police histories focus on a single city, but using sources from these three cities allows me to tell a broader story. American urban policing developed quickly, with many cities establishing their own police forces between 1830 and 1860. These forces developed amidst a national—and transnational—conversation about policing, which shaped their rise. These cities built their official police forces at different stages of urban development. Philadelphia was well-established by the advent of official police forces in America, Chicago was an up-and-coming urban center when leaders set up their police department, and San Francisco’s police force was created the same year the city was chartered. Despite these differences, the national conversation about policing—both inside and outside of departments—shaped these cities’ forces so strongly that we see more convergence than variation on everything from record-keeping to electric technology. 
I argue that the day-to-day work of the patrolman walking his beat is central to understanding the structure and function of these police forces during this period. Despite the differences among these cities, each devoted the overwhelming majority of their police resources to foot patrol. 
 I divide the dissertation into two sections. Part 1, from 1832-1880, discusses the formation of these three police forces, their early histories, and their relationships to one another. In Part 2, from 1880-1915, I suggest the profusion of authorized works of police history in the 1880s marked a new era for these American forces. During this period, police leaders worked to distinguish themselves as professionals with clear aims and specialized knowledge. They claimed to provide valuable urban resources in the fight against crime and held this up as their forces’ core function. In doing so, they tried to set limits on expanding police duties and lobbied for increased resources. They built bureaucracies to control their subordinates and added technical departments in the interests of tackling “serious crime.” This increased the tension between their stated purpose and the continuing predominance of foot patrol in everyday police practice.
DOI: 10.7274/25607799.v1
title: Policing America: Patrolling the Streets and Controlling the Public, 1832-1916

description: In this dissertation, I compare the founding and early evolution of police forces in three American cities—Philadelphia, Chicago, and San Francisco---from 1832 to 1915. Most modern police histories focus on a single city, but using sources from these three cities allows me to tell a broader story. American urban policing developed quickly, with many cities establishing their own police forces between 1830 and 1860. These forces developed amidst a national—and transnational—conversation about policing, which shaped their rise. These cities built their official police forces at different stages of urban development. Philadelphia was well-established by the advent of official police forces in America, Chicago was an up-and-coming urban center when leaders set up their police department, and San Francisco’s police force was created the same year the city was chartered. Despite these differences, the national conversation about policing—both inside and outside of departments—shaped these cities’ forces so strongly that we see more convergence than variation on everything from record-keeping to electric technology. 
I argue that the day-to-day work of the patrolman walking his beat is central to understanding the structure and function of these police forces during this period. Despite the differences among these cities, each devoted the overwhelming majority of their police resources to foot patrol. 
 I divide the dissertation into two sections. Part 1, from 1832-1880, discusses the formation of these three police forces, their early histories, and their relationships to one another. In Part 2, from 1880-1915, I suggest the profusion of authorized works of police history in the 1880s marked a new era for these American forces. During this period, police leaders worked to distinguish themselves as professionals with clear aims and specialized knowledge. They claimed to provide valuable urban resources in the fight against crime and held this up as their forces’ core function. In doing so, they tried to set limits on expanding police duties and lobbied for increased resources. They built bureaucracies to control their subordinates and added technical departments in the interests of tackling “serious crime.” This increased the tension between their stated purpose and the continuing predominance of foot patrol in everyday police practice.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vwtpnn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2459 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pinus armandii Franch."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2459 records from 93 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008158-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.7274/25608546
title: Dirt, Water, and the Search for Healing: The Contested Histories of Indigenous-Catholic Holy Sites in the North American West, 1810-2022

description: This dissertation focuses on religion, harm, and healing among Indigenous and Catholic Peoples in the North American West since 1810 through a comparative study of el Santuario de Chimayó, a shrine famous for healing dirt in contemporary New Mexico, United States, and Lac Ste. Anne, a shrine renowned for healing water in contemporary Alberta, Canada. The project analyzes how pilgrims and pilgrimage organizers reimagined the history of Indigenous-Catholic relations at these shrines. It suggests that twentieth-century organizers at el Santuario de Chimayó and Lac Ste. Anne decided to racially segment pilgrimage practices in very different ways, and it shows how by the early twenty-first century, both of these holy places, which are acclaimed for personal healing, became sites where devotees also began to seek communal and environmental renewal.
DOI: 10.7274/25608546.v1
title: Dirt, Water, and the Search for Healing: The Contested Histories of Indigenous-Catholic Holy Sites in the North American West, 1810-2022

description: This dissertation focuses on religion, harm, and healing among Indigenous and Catholic Peoples in the North American West since 1810 through a comparative study of el Santuario de Chimayó, a shrine famous for healing dirt in contemporary New Mexico, United States, and Lac Ste. Anne, a shrine renowned for healing water in contemporary Alberta, Canada. The project analyzes how pilgrims and pilgrimage organizers reimagined the history of Indigenous-Catholic relations at these shrines. It suggests that twentieth-century organizers at el Santuario de Chimayó and Lac Ste. Anne decided to racially segment pilgrimage practices in very different ways, and it shows how by the early twenty-first century, both of these holy places, which are acclaimed for personal healing, became sites where devotees also began to seek communal and environmental renewal.
DOI: 10.7274/25980382
title: Mechanisms of Ottoman Conquest and Expansion in the Balkan Peninsula/Greece in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

description: This study of Ottoman Political expansion in the Balkans sheds light on the initial period of the mechanisms of the Ottoman social, cultural, economic, and political establishments in Northern and Central Greece. It examines not only the formation of two important frontier families, Evrenosogullari and Turahanogullari, in the target regions but also these families’ fluctuating relationships with the Ottoman central state structure. It argues that these frontier families spearheaded the initial Ottoman conquests in Greece, relying on accommodationist policies to acclimatize the local populations to Ottoman rule. They implemented a constructive policy with the local landholders, religious institutes, and military, political, and economic groups, incorporating them into their regional rules. While these families initially protected their semi-independent political rule, the Ottoman center significantly increased its central authority in frontier territories in the early to mid-fifteenth century. This resulted in a central-periphery conflict in the Ottoman Balkans, as a result of which the center was able to overcome the frontier lords, relying on several strategies including but not limited to the dissemination of the land tenure system in the lords’ areas of political activity.
DOI: 10.7274/25980382.v1
title: Mechanisms of Ottoman Conquest and Expansion in the Balkan Peninsula/Greece in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

description: This study of Ottoman Political expansion in the Balkans sheds light on the initial period of the mechanisms of the Ottoman social, cultural, economic, and political establishments in Northern and Central Greece. It examines not only the formation of two important frontier families, Evrenosogullari and Turahanogullari, in the target regions but also these families’ fluctuating relationships with the Ottoman central state structure. It argues that these frontier families spearheaded the initial Ottoman conquests in Greece, relying on accommodationist policies to acclimatize the local populations to Ottoman rule. They implemented a constructive policy with the local landholders, religious institutes, and military, political, and economic groups, incorporating them into their regional rules. While these families initially protected their semi-independent political rule, the Ottoman center significantly increased its central authority in frontier territories in the early to mid-fifteenth century. This resulted in a central-periphery conflict in the Ottoman Balkans, as a result of which the center was able to overcome the frontier lords, relying on several strategies including but not limited to the dissemination of the land tenure system in the lords’ areas of political activity.