DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1d03
title: Data from: Evolutionary radiations of Proteaceae are triggered by the interaction between traits and climates in open habitats

description: Aim: Ecologically driven diversification can create spectacular diversity
 in both species numbers and form. However, the prediction that the match
 between intrinsic (e.g. functional trait) and extrinsic (e.g. climatic
 niche) variables may lead to evolutionary radiation has not been
 critically tested. Here, we test this hypothesis in the Southern
 Hemisphere plant family Proteaceae, which shows a spectacular diversity in
 open mediterranean shrublands in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region
 (SWAFR) and the Cape Floristic Region (CFR). Species in the Proteaceae
 family occupy habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to deserts and
 are remarkably variable in leaf morphology. Location: Southern Hemisphere.
 Methods: We built a phylogenetic tree for 337 Proteaceae species (21% of
 the total), representing all main clades, climatic tolerances and
 morphologies, and collected leaf functional traits (leaf area,
 sclerophylly, leaf shape) for 261 species and climatic niche data for 1645
 species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression and
 quantitative-trait evolutionary model testing were used to investigate the
 evolutionary pathways of traits and climatic niches, and their effect on
 diversification rates. Results: We found that divergent selection may have
 caused lineages in open vegetation types to evolve towards trait and
 climatic niche optima distinct from those in closed forests. Furthermore,
 we show that the interaction between open habitats, dry, warm and/or
 mediterranean climates, and small, sclerophyllous, toothed leaves
 increases net diversification rates in Proteaceae. Main conclusions: Our
 results suggest that the evolution of specific leaf adaptations may have
 allowed Proteaceae to adapt to variable climatic niches and diversify
 extensively in open ecosystems such as those in the CFR and SWAFR. This
 match between morphology and environment may therefore more generally lead
 to evolutionary radiation.
description: BEAST MCC tree
 ProteaceaeA time-calibrated
 phylogenetic tree for Proteaceae based on sequences for 343 taxa,
 representing 339 species (337 species plus two subspecies, ~21% of total
 species), representing 75 out of the 82 recognized genera (91%), and 4
 outgroup species from related families (Nelumbonaceae, Platanaceae,
 Buxaceae and Sabiaceae) for five chloroplast markers (atpB, matK, rbcL,
 rpl16 intron and trnL-trnF) downloaded from GenBank (GenBank accession
 numbers are provided in Onstein et al. electronic supplementary material,
 table S3). Details on the phylogenetic approach, fossils and calibration
 are given in Onstein et al.MCC Proteaceae Onstein et
 alProteaceae
 alignmentProteaceae alignment
 based on sequences for 343 taxa, representing 339 species (337 species
 plus two subspecies, ~21% of total species), representing 75 out of the 82
 recognized genera (91%), and 4 outgroup species from related families
 (Nelumbonaceae, Platanaceae, Buxaceae and Sabiaceae) for five chloroplast
 markers (atpB, matK, rbcL, rpl16 intron and trnL-trnF). For details see
 Onstein et al.Leaf functional traits
 and climates for Proteaceae speciesAverage leaf functional
 traits, diversification rates (based on clade-stem ages) and climatic
 niche variables for Proteaceae species studied in Onstein et al. 2016 GEB
 (same as Appendix S2). The excel file also includes a sheet with the raw
 data for all Proteaceae species currently accepted, and a sheet for the
 results of the herbarium experiment (i.e. changes in average leaf traits
 from fresh to herbarium) as described in Onstein et al.
 2016.Appendix
 S2.xlsx