DOI: 10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w33
title: Data from: Effects of temperature on metabolic rate during metamorphosis in the alfalfa leafcutting bee

description: Spring conditions, especially in temperate regions, may fluctuate abruptly
 and drastically. Environmental variability can expose organisms to
 temperatures outside of their optimal thermal ranges. For ectotherms,
 sudden changes in temperature may cause short- and long-term physiological
 effects, including changes in respiration, morphology, and reproduction.
 Exposure to variable temperatures during active development, which is
 likely to occur for insects developing in spring, can cause detrimental
 effects. Using the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, we aimed
 to determine if oxygen consumption could be measured using a new system
 and to test the hypothesis that female and male M. rotundata have a
 thermal performance curve with a wide optimal range. Oxygen consumption of
 M. rotundata pupae was measured across a large range of temperatures
 (6-48°C) using an optical oxygen sensor in a closed respirometry system.
 Absolute and mass-specific metabolic rates were calculated and compared
 between bees that were extracted from their brood cells and those
 remaining in the brood cell to determine if pupae could be accurately
 measured inside their brood cells. The metabolic response to temperature
 was non-linear, which is an assumption of a thermal performance curve;
 however, the predicted negative slope at higher temperatures was not
 observed. Despite sexual dimorphism in body mass, sex differences only
 occurred in mass-specific metabolic rates. Higher metabolic rates in males
 may be attributed to faster development times, which could explain why
 there were no differences in absolute metabolic rate measurements.
 Understanding the physiological and ecological effects of thermal
 environmental variability on M. rotundata will help to better predict
 their response to climate change.
description: # Effects of temperature on metabolic rate during metamorphosis in the
 alfafla leafcutting bee * **Data for Microrez_Complete**
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation -Remark A-Well_ID-A1-A6- B1-B6- C1-C6-
 D1-D6-The well number of the tested bee B-SDR-757- 760--Microplate number
 C-StartDate-Numerical--Date of collection D-Temperature-Numerical-Degrees
 celsius-Temperature treatment/temperature recorded at E-Treatment-Brood
 cell- extracted--Bees left in brood cells or bees extracted from brood
 cells F-Sex-M- F- Unknown--Sex of bee tested determined at adult stage-NA
 value are bees that never made it to the adult stage and could not be
 sexed G-Insect_Wt_g-Numerical-grams-Weight of bee tested
 H-Bee_Volume-Numerical-ul-volume of bee tested 
 I-Brood_cell_volume-Numerical-ul-Volume of brood cell without bee
 J-Total_Weight-Numerical-grams-Weight of the bee and brood cell
 K-Brood_Cell_Weight-Numerical-grams-Weight of brood cell without bee
 L-Slope_PerAirSat_Hr-Numerical-% air saturation/hr-Slope generated by
 MicroResp of the change in percent air saturation
 M-Slope_PerO2_Hr-Numerical-% oxygen/hr-Slope converted to percent oxygen
 -NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included
 in analysis N-Slope_ulO2_hr-Numerical-ul oxygen/hr-Factoring in the volume
 of the chamber minus the volume of the brood cell and bee-NA values are
 due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included in analysis
 O-Slope_mlO2_hr-Numerical-ml oxygen/hr-Converting the units of the slope
 to ml/hr-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis P-Slope_mlO2_hr_PerGram-Numerical-ml
 oxygen/hr/gram-Factoring in bee weight to the amount of oxygen
 consumption-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis Q-log_mass-Numerical-log (grams)-Log transforming bee
 weight-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis R-log_absolute-Numerical-log (ml/hr)-Log transforming
 the slope (ml oxygen/hr)-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage
 and were not included in analysis S-log_mass_specific-Numerical-log
 (ml/hr/gram)-Log transforming the slope (ml oxygen/hr/gram)-NA values are
 due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included in analysis
 Note: NA = data not available or applicable * **Data for
 Microrez_Complete_SexOnly** Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark
 A-Well_ID-A1-A6- B1-B6- C1-C6- D1-D6--The well number of the tested bee
 B-SDR-757- 760--Microplate number C-StartDate-Numerical--Date of
 collection D-Temperature-Numerical-Degrees celsius-Temperature
 treatment/temperature recorded E-Treatment-Brood cell- extracted--Bees
 left in brood cells or bees extracted from brood cells F-Sex-M- F-Sex of
 bee tested determined at adult stage G-Insect_Wt_g-Numerical-grams-Weight
 of bee tested H-Bee_Volume-Numerical-ul-volume of bee tested
 I-Brood_cell_volume-Numerical-ul-Volume of brood cell without bee
 J-Total_Weight-Numerical-grams-Weight of the bee and brood cell
 K-Brood_Cell_Weight-Numerical-grams-Weight of brood cell without bee
 L-Slope_PerAirSat_Hr-Numerical-% air saturation/hr-Slope generated by
 MicroResp of the change in percent air saturation
 M-Slope_PerO2_Hr-Numerical-% oxygen/hr-Slope converted to percent oxygen
 -NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included
 in analysis N-Slope_ulO2_hr-Numerical-ul oxygen/hr-Factoring in the volume
 of the chamber minus the volume of the brood cell and bee-NA values are
 due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included in analysis
 O-Slope_mlO2_hr-Numerical-ml oxygen/hr-Converting the units of the slope
 to ml/hr-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis P-Slope_mlO2_hr_PerGram-Numerical-ml
 oxygen/hr/gram-Factoring in bee weight to the amount of oxygen
 consumption-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis Q-log_mass-Numerical-log (grams)-Log transforming bee
 weight-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis R-log_absolute-Numerical-log (ml/hr)-Log transforming
 the slope (ml oxygen/hr)-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage
 and were not included in analysis S-log_mass_specific-Numerical-log
 (ml/hr/gram)-Log transforming the slope (ml oxygen/hr/gram)-NA values are
 due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included in analysis
 Note: NA = data not available or applicable * **Data for FallMicroRez**
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark A-Well_ID-A1-A6- B1-B6- C1-C6-
 D1-D6--The well number of the tested bee B-SDR-757- 760--Microplate number
 C-StartDate-Numerical--Date of collection D-Temperature-Numerical-Degrees
 celsius-Temperature treatment/temperature recorded E-Treatment-Brood cell-
 extracted--Bees left in brood cells or bees extracted from brood cells
 F-Sex-M- F--Sex of bee tested determined at adult stage-NA value are bees
 that never made it to the adult stage and could not be sexed
 G-Insect_Wt_g-Numerical-grams-Weight of bee tested
 H-Bee_Volume-Numerical-ul-volume of bee tested
 I-Brood_cell_volume-Numerical-ul-Volume of brood cell without bee
 J-Total_Weight-Numerical-grams-Weight of the bee and brood cell-NA value
 are for extracted bees that did not have a brood cell in the well during
 the experiment K-Brood_Cell_Weight-Numerical-grams-Weight of brood cell
 without bee-NA value are for extracted bees that did not have a brood cell
 in the well during the experiment L-Slope_PerAirSat_Hr-Numerical-% air
 saturation/hr-Slope generated by MicroResp of the change in percent air
 saturation- M-Slope_PerO2_Hr-Numerical-% oxygen/hr-Slope converted to
 percent oxygen -NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were
 not included in analysis N-Slope_ulO2_hr-Numerical-ul oxygen/hr-Factoring
 in the volume of the chamber minus the volume of the brood cell and bee-NA
 values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included in
 analysis O-Slope_mlO2_hr-Numerical-ml oxygen/hr-Converting the units of
 the slope to ml/hr-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and
 were not included in analysis P-Slope_mlO2_hr_PerGram-Numerical-ml
 oxygen/hr/gram-Factoring in bee weight to the amount of oxygen
 consumption-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis Q-log_mass-Numerical-log (grams)-Log transforming bee
 weight-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not
 included in analysis R-log_absolute-Numerical-log (ml/hr)-Log transforming
 the slope (ml oxygen/hr)-NA values are due to bees at the wrong life stage
 and were not included in analysis S-log_mass_specific-Numerical-log
 (ml/hr/gram)-Log transforming the slope (ml oxygen/hr/gram)-NA values are
 due to bees at the wrong life stage and were not included in analysis
 Note: NA = data not available or applicable * **Data for
 Microrez_ESAtalk** Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark
 A-Well_ID-A1-A6- B1-B6- C1-C6- D1-D6--The well number of the tested bee
 B-SDR-757- 760--Microplate number C-StartDate-Numerical--Date of
 collection D-Temperature-Numerical-Degrees celsius-Temperature
 treatment/temperature recorded E-Treatment-Brood cell- extracted--Bees
 left in brood cells or bees extracted from brood cells F-Sex-M- F-
 Unknown--Sex of bee tested determined at adult stage
 G-Insect_Wt_g-Numerical-grams-Weight of bee tested
 H-log_absolute-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Log transformed absolute metabolic
 rate (ml oxygen/hr) I-log_mass_specific-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr/gram-Log
 transformed mass specific metabolic rate (ml oxygen/hr/gram) * **Data for
 Microrez_FaSpAbso** Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark
 A-Well_ID-A1-A6- B1-B6- C1-C6- D1-D6--The well number of the tested bee
 B-SDR-757- 760--Microplate number C-StartDate-Numerical--Date of
 collection D-Temperature-Numerical-Degrees celsius-Temperature
 treatment/temperature recorded E-Treatment-Brood cell- extracted--Bees
 left in brood cells or bees extracted from brood cells F-Sex-M- F--Sex of
 bee tested determined at adult stage G-Insect_Wt_g-Numerical-grams-Weight
 of bee tested H-log_absolute-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Log transformed absolute
 metabolic rate (ml oxygen/hr) I-log_mass_specific-Numeric-ml
 oxygen/hr/gram-Log transformed mass specific metabolic rate (ml
 oxygen/hr/gram) J-Experiment-Obj 1- Obj 2--Whether bees were tested in the
 fall (objective 1) versus spring (objective 2) Note: NA = data not
 available or applicable * **Data for FaSpAbso**
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark A-Temperature-Numerical-Degrees
 celsius-Temperature treatment/temperature recorded B-Experiment-Obj 1- Obj
 2--Whether bees were tested in the fall (objective 1) versus spring
 (objective 2) C-log_absolute-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Log transformed absolute
 metabolic rate (ml oxygen/hr) D-SE_absolute-Numeric--Standard error for
 the absolute metabolic rate * **Data for MicroOxz**
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark A-Equipment-Fuel Cell-
 Microplate--Respirometry equipment used B-Reading-O2- CO2--Gas (oxygen or
 carbon dioxide) measured-CO2 reading for microplate is a place holder for
 the graph and was not included in analysis C-Value-Numeric-ml
 oxygen/hr-Absolute metabolic rate D-Log_Values-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Log
 transformed absolute metabolic rate (ml oxygen/hr) E-Reading2-A- B--Letter
 stand in for oxygen and carbon dioxide * **Data for SexC3**
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark A-Temp-Numeric-Degrees
 celsius-Temperature treatment/temperature recorded at-
 B-O2_Mean-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Absolute metabolic rate (not log
 transformed)- C-SE-Numeric--Standard error for absolute metabolic rate-
 D-Sex-Male- Female--Sex of bee tested determined at adult stage-
 E-log_absolute-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Log transformed absolute metabolic
 rate (ml oxygen/hr)- F-SE_absolute-Numeric--Standard error for the
 absolute metabolic rate- G-log_mass_specific-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr/gram-Log
 transformed mass specific metabolic rate (ml oxygen/hr)-
 H-SE_mass_specific-Numeric--Standard error for the mass specific metabolic
 rate- Note: NA = data not available or applicable * **Data for
 FallMicrorezgraphsNote: Data only includes male offsprin**g
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark A-Temp-Numeric-Degrees
 celsius-Temperature treatment/temperature recorded  B-Treatment-Extracted-
 In Brood Cell--Whether bees were left in their brood cell or extracted
 during the experiment- C-log_absolute-Numeric-ml oxygen/hr-Log transformed
 absolute metabolic rate (ml oxygen/hr) D-SE_absolute-Numeric--Standard
 error for the absolute metabolic rate E-log_mass_specific-Numeric-ml
 oxygen/hr/gram-Log transformed mass specific metabolic rate (ml
 oxygen/hr/gram) F-SE_mass_specific-Numeric--Standard error for the mass
 specific metabolic rate Note: NA = data not available or applicable- *
 **Data for SexC2Note: This file is the raw data file. This file was used
 to create the other data files**
 Column-Entry-Value-Unit-Explanation-Remark A-Temp-Numeric-Degrees
 celsius-Temperature treatment/temperature recorded at B-O2_Mean-Numeric-ml
 oxygen/hr-Absolute metabolic rate (not log transformed)
 C-SE-Numeric--Standard error for absolute metabolic rate D-Study-Male-
 Female--Sex of bee tested determined at adult stage