cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2qt8
title: Data from: Be meek or be bold? A colony-level behavioural syndrome in ants

description: Consistent individual variation in animal behaviour is nearly ubiquitous
 and has important ecological and evolutionary implications. Additionally,
 suites of behavioural traits are often correlated, forming behavioural
 syndromes in both humans and other species. Such syndromes are often
 described by testing for variation in traits across commonly described
 dimensions (e.g. aggression and neophobia), independent of whether this
 variation is ecologically relevant to the focal species. Here, we use a
 variety of ecologically relevant behavioural traits to test for a
 colony-level behavioural syndrome in rock ants (Temnothorax rugatulus).
 Specifically, we combine field and laboratory assays to measure foraging
 effort, how colonies respond to different types of resources, activity
 level, response to threat and aggression level. We find evidence for a
 colony level syndrome that suggests colonies consistently differ in coping
 style—some are more risk-prone, whereas others are more risk-averse.
 Additionally, by collecting data across the North American range of this
 species, we show that environmental variation may affect how different
 populations maintain consistent variation in colony behaviour.
description: pcawoactivityBehavioral assay results per site.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18385954
title: gjghg
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18385953
title: gjghg
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n687q
title: Data from: Male sperm storage compromises sperm motility in guppies

description: Sperm senescence can have important evolutionary implications due to its
 deleterious effects on sperm quality and offspring performance.
 Consequently, it has been argued that polyandry (female multiple mating)
 may facilitate the selection of younger, and therefore competitively
 superior, sperm when ejaculates from multiple males compete for
 fertilization. Surprisingly, however, unequivocal evidence that sperm
 ageing influences traits that underlie sperm competitiveness is lacking.
 Here, we used a paired experimental design that compares sperm quality
 between ‘old’ and ‘young’ ejaculates from individual male guppies
 (Poecilia reticulata). We show that older sperm exhibit significant
 reductions in sperm velocity compared with younger sperm from the same
 males. We found no evidence that the brightness of the male's orange
 (carotenoid) spots, which are thought to signal resistance to oxidative
 stress (and thus age-related declines in sperm fitness), signals a
 male's ability to withstand the deleterious effects of sperm ageing.
 Instead, polyandry may be a more effective strategy for females to
 minimize the likelihood of being fertilized by aged sperm.
description: datasetit is a paired dataset describing sperm viability and sperm velocity assessed when sperm were young or old. Please see text for details.sp ageing.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kv63501
title: Data from: Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic in geothermal water in Tibet using modified yak dung biochar as an adsorbent

description: Fluoride (F) and arsenic (As) are two typical and harmful elements that
 are found in high concentrations in geothermal water in Tibet. In the
 present work, yak dung, an abundant source of biomass energy in Tibet, was
 made into biochars (BC1, BC2 and BC3) by pyrolysis under different
 conditions, and the better biochar was modified by FeCl2 (Fe-BC3). The
 adsorption conditions were optimized to adsorb F and As in geothermal
 water. The results showed that BC3 can remove 90% F- and 20% As(V), which
 is the best effect of the three initial biochars. Fe-BC3 could remove 94%
 F- and 99.45% As(V) under the same conditions as BC3, which was an
 adsorbent dosage 10 g/L, pH 5-6 and temperature of 25 °C. It was also
 demonstrated that the removal rate did not decrease at 80 °C. A
 quasi-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption behavior of
 ions on the surface of the biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity of F-
 and As(V) on Fe-BC3 was 3.928 mg/g and 2.926 mg/g, respectively. The
 features of Fe-BC3 were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier
 Transform Infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Energy Dispersive
 Spectrometer (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to understand
 the adsorption process.
description: The experimental
 dataIt includes the
 adsorption isotherm data of As and F, and the sorption kinetics data of As
 and F.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.33982
title: Data from: Untangling the hybrid nature of modern pig genomes: a mosaic derived from biogeographically distinct and highly divergent Sus scrofa populations

description: The merging of populations after an extended period of isolation and
 divergence is a common phenomenon, in natural settings as well as due to
 human interference. Individuals with such hybrid origins contain genomes
 that essentially form a mosaic of different histories and demographies.
 Pigs are an excellent model species to study hybridization because
 European and Asian wild boars diverged ~1.2 Mya and pigs were domesticated
 independently in Europe and Asia. During the Industrial Revolution in
 England, pigs were imported from China to improve the local pigs. This
 study utilizes the latest genomics tools to identify the origin of
 haplotypes in European domesticated pigs that are descendant from Asian
 and European populations. Our results reveal fine-scale haplotype
 structure representing different ancient demographic events, as well as a
 mosaic composition of those distinct histories due to recently
 introgressed haplotypes in the pig genome. As a consequence, nucleotide
 diversity in the genome of European domesticated pigs is higher when at
 least one haplotype of Asian origin is present, and haplotype length
 correlates negatively with recombination frequency and nucleotide
 diversity. Another consequence is that the inference of past effective
 population size is influenced by the background of the haplotypes in an
 individual, but we demonstrate that by careful sorting based on the origin
 of haplotypes both distinct demographic histories can be reconstructed.
 Future detailed mapping of the genomic distribution of variation will
 enable a targeted approach to increase genetic diversity of captive and
 wild populations, thus facilitating conservation efforts in the near
 future.
description: Phylogenetic tree
 pigsNeighbor-joining
 phylogenetic tree based a PLINK distance matrix for 2288220 markers in 40
 pigs and wild boar from Europe and Asia.Bosse_Pigs.tree
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g5tj3
title: Data from: Diel movement patterns influence daily variation in wolf kill rates on moose

description: Variation in predation can have important consequences for predators and
 prey, but little is known about associated mechanisms. Diel interactions
 between predators and prey are commonly assumed to be influenced by
 movement speeds of both predators and prey individuals, sensu the ideal
 gas model, but the influencing factors of diel predation dynamics have yet
 to be empirically examined. In this study, we apply principles of the
 ideal gas model to predict diel variation in kill frequency of moose
 (Alces alces) by wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Ontario, Canada based on
 GPS radio-telemetry data combined with field verification of kills. We
 used GPS telemetry data from wolves and moose combined with a unique data
 set on the diel pattern of wolf kills to test whether predator movement
 rate, prey movement rate, and ambient light condition influence diel
 variation in kill rates of wolves on moose. Our results indicate that the
 kill rate between wolves and moose was principally related to the
 effective movement rate of predators and prey, as predicted by the ideal
 gas model. We found little evidence that light conditions had any effect
 on kill rates, but rather the majority of kill rate variation corresponded
 to wolf movement rate, which was over an order of magnitude higher than
 that of moose.
description: Diel factors of wolf and
 moose kill ratesWolf and moose movement
 rate data collected from GPS collared animals in northern Ontario, and
 represent population-level average movement rate during each of the 16
 time bins throughout the 24-hour cycle. Kill rate is the distribution
 throughout the 16 time bins of the time of kill from field-verified sites
 of wolves predating on moose. Crepuscular light conditions were calculated
 as the average proportion of a twilight period within each time bin, and
 total light conditions were calculated from a crude model assuming 0 for
 night, 0.5 for twilight, and 1 for daylight.VanderVennen_etal_WolfMooseKillRates.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k15v4
title: Data from: Collective decision-making in homing pigeons: Larger flocks take longer to decide but do not make better decisions

description: Social animals routinely are challenged to make consensus decisions about
 movement directions and routes. However, the underlying mechanisms
 facilitating such decision-making processes are still poorly known. A
 prominent question is how group members participate in group decisions. We
 addressed this question by examining how flocks of homing pigeons (Columba
 livia) decide their homing direction. We released newly formed flocks
 varying in size and determined the time taken to choose a homing direction
 (decision-making period) and the accuracy of that choice. We found that
 the decision-making period increases exponentially with flock size, which
 is consistent with a participatory decision-making process. We
 additionally found that there is no effect of flock size on the accuracy
 of the decisions made, which does not match with current theory for
 democratic choices of flight directions. Our combined results are better
 explained by a participatory choice of leaders that subsequently undertake
 the flock directional decisions. However, this decision-making model would
 only entirely fit with our results if leaders were chosen based on traits
 other than their navigational experience. Our study provides rare
 empirical evidence elucidating decision-making processes in freely moving
 groups of animals.
description: Decision-making time and
 homing direction of experimental pigeon flocks.Decision-making time and
 homing direction of experimental pigeon flocks. Homing direction is
 difference between the vanishing bearing and the correct
 direction.Data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.283pp
title: Data from: Large chromosomal rearrangements during a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli

description: Large-scale rearrangements may be important in evolution because they can
 alter chromosome organization and gene expression in ways not possible
 through point mutations. In a long-term evolution experiment, twelve
 Escherichia coli populations have been propagated in a glucose-limited
 environment for over 25 years. We used whole-genome mapping (optical
 mapping) combined with genome sequencing and PCR analysis to identify the
 large-scale chromosomal rearrangements in clones from each population
 after 40,000 generations. A total of 110 rearrangement events were
 detected, including 82 deletions, 19 inversions, and 9 duplications, with
 lineages having between 5 and 20 events. In three populations, successive
 rearrangements impacted particular regions. In five populations,
 rearrangements affected over a third of the chromosome. Most
 rearrangements involved recombination between insertion sequence (IS)
 elements, illustrating their importance in mediating genome plasticity.
 Two lines of evidence suggest that at least some of these rearrangements
 conferred higher fitness. First, parallel changes were observed across the
 independent populations, with ~65% of the rearrangements affecting the
 same loci in at least two populations. For example, the ribose-utilization
 operon and the manB-cpsG region were deleted in 12 and 10 populations,
 respectively, suggesting positive selection, and this inference was
 previously confirmed for the former case. Second, optical maps from clones
 sampled over time from one population showed that most rearrangements
 occurred early in the experiment, when fitness was increasing most
 rapidly. However, some rearrangements likely occur at high frequency and
 may have simply hitchhiked to fixation. In any case, large-scale
 rearrangements clearly influenced genomic evolution in these populations.
description: scriptA Python script to
 construct FASTA files containing reconstructed genome sequences of evolved
 clones after DNA rearrangements.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7k66
title: Data from: Zornia melanocarpa (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae), a new species from Serra do Espinhaço, Brazil, and its phylogenetic position in the genus

description: Zornia melanocarpa , a new species of Leguminosae (Papilionoideae,
 Dalbergieae) from Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described
 and illustrated. The species is characterized by black fruits with white
 hairs and an absence of bristles, characters unique within the genus. The
 species is morphologically similar to Z. crinita and Z. hebecarpa, but
 differs from both by having a shorter inflorescence of 1.2‐4 cm (vs. 10‐20
 and 8‐20 cm in Z. crinita and Z. hebecarpa, respectively) and in the size
 of the plant (7‐16 cm vs. 20‐60 cm in Z. crinita and Z. hebecarpa), in
 addition to the black fruits with white hairs. A phylogenetic analysis
 using molecular data from the nuclear rDNA ITS gene region was performed
 to verify its position within the genus. Additionally, a survey of leaflet
 secretory structures and a micro-morphological analysis of fruit
 structures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for the
 newly described species.
description: Zorzia_melanocarpa_ITS
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.58fh6
title: Data from: Digest: trait variation in Mimulus provides new evidence for the joint action of ecological sorting and character displacement

description: Understanding how closely related species coexist in communities is one of
 the oldest goals of ecology and evolutionary biology. One long-standing
 hypothesis is that the evolution of key differences in species’ niches or
 ecological requirements (a process known as niche differentiation) can
 minimize competition and promote coexistence.
description: Mimulus species recorded
 in California countiesData on the presence of
 Mimulus species (which includes species currently assigned to the genus
 Erythranthe that were previously assigned to the genus Mimulus) was
 collected from CalFlora (www.calflora.org).Dryad_Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rr6rt
title: Data from: Extreme climate-induced life-history plasticity in an amphibian

description: Age specific survival and reproduction are closely linked to fitness and
 therefore subject to strong selection that typically limits their
 variability within species. Furthermore, adult survival rate in vertebrate
 populations is typically less variable over time than other life history
 traits, such as fecundity or recruitment. Hence, adult survival is often
 conserved within a population over time, compared to the variation in
 survival found across taxa. In stark contrast to this general pattern, we
 report evidence of extreme short-term variation of adult survival in
 Rose's Mountain Toadlet (Capensibufo rosei), which is apparently
 climate-induced. Over seven years, annual survival rate varied between
 0.04 and 0.92, and 94% of this variation was explained by variation in
 breeding-season rainfall. Preliminary results suggest that this variation
 reflects adaptive life-history plasticity to a degree thus far unrecorded
 for any vertebrate, rather than direct rainfall induced mortality. In wet
 years, these toads appeared to achieve increased reproduction at the
 expense of their own survival whereas in dry years, their survival
 increased at the expense of reproduction. Such environmentally induced
 plasticity may reflect a diversity of life-history strategies not
 previously appreciated among vertebrates.
description: Capture_histories_Mark_fromat_2008_2014Text file containing capture histories, which is the raw data used in all capture-mark-recapture analyses of Capensibufo rosei in this paper, and are in the format used by program Mark (White and Burnham 1999). Each '1'/'0' represents a positive (captured) or negative (not captured) history respectively, for a particular year from 2008 to 2014; the number thereafter represents n individuals with that particular capture history.Model_covariatesThese data are all the model covariates needed to run all capture-mark-recapture models in this paper. Although the variable titles are mostly self-explanatory, refer to the paper Methods for a more detailed description of each covariate.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g12v
title: Data from: Evolutionary dynamics of the leaf phenological cycle in an oak metapopulation along an elevation gradient

description: It has been predicted that environmental changes will radically alter the
 selective pressures on phenological traits. Long-lived species, such as
 trees, will be particularly affected, as they may need to undergo major
 adaptive change over only one or a few generations. The traits describing
 the annual life cycle of trees are generally highly evolvable, but nothing
 is known about the strength of their genetic correlations. Tight
 correlations can impose strong evolutionary constraints, potentially
 hampering the adaptation of multivariate phenological phenotypes. In this
 study, we investigated the evolutionary, genetic and environmental
 components of the timing of leaf unfolding and senescence within an oak
 metapopulation along an elevation gradient. Population divergence,
 estimated from in situ and common garden data, was compared to
 expectations under neutral selection, based on microsatellite markers.
 This approach made it possible (1) to evaluate the influence of genetic
 correlation on multivariate local adaptation to elevation and (2) to
 identify traits probably exposed to past selective pressures due to the
 colder climate at high elevation. The genetic correlation was positive but
 very weak, indicating that genetic constraints did not shape the local
 adaptation pattern for leaf phenology. Both spring and fall (leaf
 unfolding and senescence, respectively) phenology timings were involved in
 local adaptation, but leaf unfolding was probably the trait most exposed
 to climate change-induced selection. Our data indicated that genetic
 variation makes a much smaller contribution to adaptation than the
 considerable plastic variation displayed by a tree during its lifetime.
 The evolutionary potential of leaf phenology is, therefore, probably not
 the most critical aspect for short-term population survival in a changing
 climate.
description: Table_Figure1This gives the population phenological estimates according to population elevations used in Figure 1.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3nh92
title: Data from: Browsed twig environmental DNA: diagnostic PCR to identify ungulate species

description: Ungulate browsing can have a strong effect on ecological processes by
 affecting plant community structure and composition, with cascading
 effects on nutrient cycling and animal communities. However, in the
 absence of direct observations of foraging, species-specific foraging
 behaviors are difficult to quantify. We therefore know relatively little
 about foraging competition and species specific browsing patterns in
 systems with several browsers. However, during browsing, a small amount of
 saliva containing buccal cells is deposited at the bite site, providing a
 source of environmental DNA (eDNA) that can be used for species
 identification. Here we describe extraction and PCR protocols for a
 browser species diagnostic kit. Species specific primers for mitochondrial
 DNA were optimized and validated using twigs browsed by captive animals. A
 time series showed that about 50% of the samples will amplify up to 12
 weeks after the browsing event, and that some samples amplify up to 24
 weeks after browsing (12.5%). Applied to samples of natural browsing from
 an area where moose (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow
 deer (Cervus dama), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) are sympatric,
 amplification success reached 75%. This method promises to greatly improve
 our understanding of multispecies browsing systems without the need for
 direct observations.
description: MER_Nichols2012_figure1_amplifiabilityThis data corresponds to Figure 1 within the publication entitled, 'Browsed twig eDNA: diagnostic PCR to identify ungulate species' published in Molecular Ecology Resources. Figure 1 is a model of how browsed twig environmental DNA degrades over time, represented by the total proportion of samples from moose, red deer and roe deer combined that amplified under our final PCR protocol. The data is separated into species. Samples were initially browsed by the above three species and then put on a fence to simulate natural conditions in the field and sampled at approximately 2 week intervals.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d56g84n5
title: Data from: Use of an exotic host plant affects mate choice in an insect herbivore

description: The colonization of exotic plants by herbivorous insects has provided
 opportunities for investigating causes and consequences associated with
 the evolution of niche breadth. The butterfly Lycaeides melissa utilizes
 exotic alfalfa, Medicago sativa, which is a relatively poor larval
 resource, and previous studies have found that caterpillars that consume
 M. sativa develop into smaller and less fecund adults. Here we investigate
 the effect of smaller female body size on male mate preference, a
 previously unexplored consequence of novel host use. Smaller females,
 which developed on the exotic host, were less likely to be visited by
 males. This result was confirmed with a second set of choice tests
 involving females reared on a single plant species, thus ruling out
 host-specific confounding factors. We suggest that an effect on mate
 choice be considered as part of the complex suite of factors determining
 persistence of herbivorous insects following colonization of new habitats
 or resources.
description: matingThe "Year"
 column refers to the year in which experiments were performed.
 "Small" and "Large" refer to the size of the
 experimental females.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9qs53
title: Data from: High-protein paternal diet confers an advantage to sons in sperm competition

description: Parental environment can widely influence offspring phenotype, but
 paternal effects in the absence of parental care remain poorly understood.
 We asked if protein content in the larval diet of fathers affected
 paternity success and gene expression in their sons. We found that males
 reared on high-protein diet had sons that fared better during sperm
 competition, suggesting that postcopulatory sexual selection is subject to
 transgenerational paternal effects. Moreover, immune response genes were
 downregulated in sons of low-protein fathers, while genes involved in
 metabolic and reproductive processes were upregulated.
description: PaternityDataDietaryTransgenEffectsResults of sperm competition outcomes (i.e. numbers of offspring sired) of sons of fathers that had been reared on either a 4:1 protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratio ("high", H) or 1:1 P:C ratio ("low", L).ZajitschekEtAl2017BiolLet.csv