DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18429027
title: Cosmological Redshift Without Expansion: Relational Simultaneity, Apparent Cooling, and a Static Block Description

description: Cosmological Redshift Without Expansion:

Relational Simultaneity, Apparent Cooling, and a Static Block Description

 

 

 

This work proposes a minimal and relational reinterpretation of cosmological redshift and the apparent thermal history of the Universe, formulated without invoking an expanding spacetime, a physical cosmic container, or an initial singularity.

The central hypothesis is that only binary relations between physical systems exist. At any given interaction, there are only two relevant frames: an observer and a source. Space and time are not fundamental entities but emerge operationally from the geometric relation between frames. No global spacetime manifold exists; there is no physically stretching or evolving universe.

Within this framework, the Universe can be represented as a static block, understood strictly as a mathematical construct encoding relational projections between frames, not as a physically frozen or ontologically real four-dimensional container. The block organizes how measurements performed by one system relate to states defined in another, and does not imply a pre-existing global spatial metric.

Cosmological redshift is reinterpreted as a relational simultaneity shift. Photons propagate along null trajectories, but the observed frequency depends on a Lorentz-like projection between the observer’s frame and the source’s frame. This projection is parametrized by a single scalar rapidity-like quantity, (\Phi_{AB}), defined purely by the relation between observer (A) and source (B).

Under this relational projection:





Photon frequencies scale as (1+z = e^{\Phi_{AB}}),




Observed time intervals are dilated by the same factor,




Blackbody spectra remain exactly Planckian, with an apparent temperature scaling (T_{\rm obs} = T_{\rm src}/(1+z)).



Crucially, Planck spectrum preservation arises from the Lorentzian nature of the projection, without adiabatic expansion or photon energy loss mechanisms. The Cosmic Microwave Background is thus interpreted not as evidence of a cooling Universe from a hot origin, but as radiation observed near the relational horizon, where simultaneity with the observer is maximally desynchronized.

A key conceptual consequence concerns causal limits and cosmic distance. Only events within an observer’s light cone are physically meaningful. Systems outside the causal horizon do not correspond to a measurable or ontologically real spatial separation. Observed photons encode relational time-dilation rather than a literal “snapshot of the distant past.” Apparent cosmic cooling, ancientness of distant galaxies, and redshift are thus observational effects of relational desynchronization, not evidence of a thermodynamic or metric evolution of space.

The framework reproduces the leading kinematic cosmological relations—Hubble’s law, Tolman surface brightness, time dilation of distant transients, and temperature–redshift scaling—without introducing a time-dependent scale factor, dark energy, or a Big Bang singularity. The absence of a Big Bang here does not contradict observations, but reflects that no global temporal origin is required in a purely relational ontology.

The proposal is explicitly empirical and falsifiable. Observables that depend on more than redshift kinematics—such as primordial nucleosynthesis yields, detailed CMB acoustic structure, and lensing time-delay relations—provide clear tests capable of confirming or refuting the relational interpretation.

This work is intended as a foundational and conceptual contribution: it demonstrates that many striking observational signatures of standard cosmology can emerge from relational simultaneity alone, without assuming an expanding Universe or a physically real spacetime container.



 

 

This manuscript is current in Official Peer Review.

Not final version.Copyright©2026 Alex De Giuseppe.All rights reserved.

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