DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np2r5
title: Data from: A cross-seasonal perspective on local adaptation: metabolic plasticity mediates responses to winter in a thermal-generalist moth

description: The physiological and ecological impact of the thermal environment across
 life-stages can result in trade-offs that determine fitness and population
 dynamics. Understanding mechanisms and consequences of local adaptation
 for any organism that overwinters requires taking a cross-seasonal
 perspective. We used a trait-based approach to distinguish variation among
 ecotypes in ecological and physiological responses to overwintering
 conditions. We used fall webworms (Hyphantria cunea; Lepidoptera:
 Arctiidae) from Ottawa, Ontario and Columbus Ohio, representing the centre
 and periphery of the native range. We hypothesised that populations would
 be locally adapted to their overwintering environments, with fitness
 maximised under natal overwintering conditions. We predicted that this
 local adaptation would result from modulation of rates of energy use,
 growth and development. Each ecotype had higher overwinter survival in
 their natal compared to non-natal winter environment, and this was
 associated with larger pupal mass, size and carbohydrate reserves at the
 end of winter. This suggests that the ecotypes are locally adapted to
 winter conditions. Larger adults laid more eggs, but there was no effect
 of ecotype or environment on fecundity. Pupae overwintering at warm,
 energetically demanding southern temperatures suppressed metabolic rates
 in autumn, and developed more quickly in the spring, compensating for
 energetic demands of warmer winters. Northern ecotypes had lower thermal
 sensitivity of metabolism, leading to higher metabolic rates at cool
 temperatures that correlated with faster post-winter development. Local
 adaptation to winter conditions suggests performance of peripheral
 populations may not be enhanced by warming winters. Decoupling of winter
 and growing season temperatures may negatively impact ectotherms.
description: Life history
 measurementsThis is the full data
 set of all life history measurements (size, phenology, fecundity,
 survival) for individual pupae used in the experiments. Pupae that
 survived the winter and those that did not are included here. The second
 tab contains metadata explaining each column.Life
 history_13Oct2014.xlsxSurvival
 summaryThis file summarises the
 survival of each nest (reproductive output of a single female) over winter
 in each environment. This summary comes from the life history data, and
 results from summing the total number of pupae from each nest assigned to
 each environment, and the resultant number of moths emerging as adults. We
 have removed all nests that were not represented in each environment, and
 all nests that had zero survival in both treatments. The nest
 identifications correspond to the life history data
 set.Fitness_13Oct2014.xlsxPhysiology measurementsBody composition measurements for pupae at the beginning (November) and end (April) of winter. ID column corresponds to that in Life History file. Metadata tab explains each column. See manuscript for details of measurement.Physiology_13Oct2014.xlsxRespirometry dataRespirometry data measured using flow-through respirometric measurement of CO2 production, and calculated metabolic rates.Respirometry_13Oct2014.xlsx