cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gh168
title: Data from: Resource predictability and specialization in avian malaria parasites

description: We tested the hypothesis that avian haemosporidian (malaria) parasites
 specialize on hosts that can be characterized as predictable resources at
 a site in Amazonian Ecuador. We incorporated host phylogenetic
 relationship and relative abundance in assessing parasite specialization,
 and we examined associations between parasite specialization and three
 host characteristics – abundance, mass and longevity – using quantile
 regression, phylogenetic logistic regression and t-tests. Hosts of
 specialist malaria parasite lineages were on average more abundant than
 hosts of generalist parasite lineages, but the relationship between host
 abundance and parasite specialization was not consistent across analyses.
 We also found support for a positive association between parasite
 specialization and host longevity, but this also was not consistent across
 analyses. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that the predictability of a
 host resource may play a role in the evolution of specialization. However,
 we also discuss two alternative explanations to the resource
 predictability hypothesis for specialization: (i) that interspecific
 interactions among the parasites themselves might constrain some parasites
 to a specialist strategy, and (ii) that frequent encounters with multiple
 host species, mediated by blood-sucking insects, might promote
 generalization within this system.
description: TiputiniPasseriformMalariaMatrixAssociation matrix of resident passerine birds and their haemosporidian (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) parasites in the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. Sampling years 2001 - 2010.MEC-16-0567PasseriformMalariaMatrix.csvMEC-16-0567SpecificityIndices_HostTraitsTable 1. Parasite lineages recovered in the Tiputini Biodiversity station, their GenBank ID, sample size, host breadth (number of host species used), specialization category (ND = not determined due to small sample size, Generalist = not significantly restricted distribution on hosts, Specialist = significantly restricted distribution on hosts), mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) and corresponding z-score (DSI), mean phylogenetic distance weighted by frequency (wMPD) and corresponding z-score (wDSI), and non-phylogenetic frequency distribution on hosts (d) and corresponding z-score. Table 2. Host species included in analyses, their sample size, type of host (harboring at least one specialist or only generalists), abundance, mean mass, apparent survival rate, and GenBank ID for the RAG-1 gene. Abundance estimates are from (Blake 2007), survival rates are from (Blake & Loiselle 2013), and masses are unpublished data from JGB.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v00q39g
title: Data from: Efficacy of negative feedback in the HPA axis predicts recovery from acute challenges.

description: The glucocorticoid stress response mediates a suite of physiological and
 behavioral changes that allow vertebrates to cope with transient
 stressors. Chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels are known to result
 in a variety of organismal costs, but relatively little is known about the
 downstream effects of mounting a series of brief, acute spikes in
 circulating glucocorticoids. Conceptual models of stress suggest that
 repeated acute stressors might produce ‘wear-and-tear’ on the stress
 response system when encountered in sequence. We used a novel technique to
 experimentally induce acute corticosterone spikes on either three or six
 consecutive days in incubating tree swallows. Consistent with the
 ‘wear-and-tear’ hypothesis, we found that i) a sequence of corticosterone
 spikes produced cumulative effects on corticosterone regulation, ii)
 treatment frequency predicted the severity of consequences, and iii)
 individual variation in the ability to terminate the stress response
 through negative feedback predicted the duration of physiological
 disruption in the group that experienced the most frequent challenges. Our
 results illustrate the importance of assessing multiple aspects of the
 hormonal stress response and have implications for understanding both
 individual and population resilience to repeated transient stressors.
description: Main data
 fileData used in analyses
 presented in the paper.Taff_etal_Data.csvR analysis codeCode to reproduce analyses and figures included in the paper. Also includes descriptions of columns included in the data file.Code_Taff_etal.RCode_Taff_etal_final_versionCode and description of data used to produce all analyses presented in the paper.Code_Taff_etal.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mm4cc
title: Data from: Ontogeny of the Furongian (late Cambrian) trilobite Proceratopyge cf. P. Lata Whitehouse from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and the evolution of metamorphosis in trilobites

description: There were multiple origins of metamorphosis-undergoing protaspides in
 trilobite evolution: within the superfamilies Remopleuridioidea,
 Trinucleoidea, and within the Order Asaphida. Recent studies have revealed
 that the protaspides of the Cambrian representatives of the
 Remopleuridioidea and the Trinucleoidea did not undergo metamorphosis.
 However, ontogeny of the Cambrian members of the Order Asaphida has
 remained unknown. This study documents the ontogeny of the Furongian
 asaphoidean ceratopygid trilobite, Proceratopyge cf. P. lata Whitehouse,
 from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Two stages for the protaspid
 phase, five developmental stages for the post-protaspid cranidia, and ten
 stages for the post-protaspid pygidia have been identified. Interestingly,
 the protaspis directly developed into a meraspis without metamorphosis. A
 new cladistic analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree,
 according to which the presence of the bulbous commutavi protaspis turns
 out to be a synapomorphy for Asaphidae + Cyclopygoidea, not a synapomorphy
 for the Order Asaphida as previously suggested. In addition, it is
 inferred that there was convergent evolution of indirectly-developing
 commutavi protaspides during the Furongian and Early Ordovician.
 Metamorphosis-entailing planktonic larvae evolved in many different
 metazoan lineages near the Cambrian–Ordovician transition, due to the
 escalating ecological pressure of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification
 Event. Since the bulbous commutavi protaspid morphology is thought to be
 an adaptation for a planktonic life mode, the convergent evolution of the
 indirect development in the three trilobite lineages at this period might
 have been a result of adaptation to the early phase of the Great
 Ordovician Biodiversification Event.
description: 1. cranidia
 dataExcel file for cranidia
 measurements2. pygidia
 dataExcel fiel for pygidia
 measurements3. Average and SD of
 pygidia for grapherExcel fiel of averages
 and standard deviations of pygidia measurementsData matrix for
 TNTData matrix for TNT
 analysis(.tnt)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1r71k
title: Data from: Flight is the key to postprandial blood glucose balance in the fruit bats Eonycteris spelaea and Cynopterus sphinx

description: 1. Excessive sugar consumption could lead to high blood glucose levels
 that are harmful to mammalian health and life. 2. Despite consuming large
 amounts of sugar-rich food, fruit bats have a longer lifespan, raising the
 question of how these bats overcome potential hyperglycemia. 3. We
 investigated the change of blood glucose level in nectar-feeding bats
 (Eonycteris spelaea) and fruit-eating bats (Cynopterus sphinx) via
 adjusting their sugar intake and time of flight. 4. We found that the
 maximum blood glucose level of C. sphinx was higher than 24 mmol L-1 that
 is considered to be pathological in other mammals. After C. sphinx bats
 spent approximately 75 percent of their time to fly, their blood glucose
 levels dropped markedly, and the blood glucose of E. spelaea fell to the
 fast levels after they spent 70 percent time of fly. Thus, the level of
 blood glucose elevated with the quantity of sugar intake but declined with
 the time of flight. 5. Our results indicate that high-intensive flight is
 a key regulator for blood glucose homeostasis during foraging.
 High-intensive flight may confer benefits to the fruit bats in foraging
 success and behavioural interactions and increases the efficiency of
 pollen and seed disposal mediated by bats.
description: Flight Balances Blood
 Glucose in Fruit BatsThe fruit bats consume
 sugar-rich food, but they are long-lived and escape the side-effects of
 hyperglycaemia. Our experiments indicated that the fruit bats could
 regulate their blood glucose levels by flying. High activity might have
 conferred benefits to the fruit bats in terms of behavioural interactions
 and foraging success and is likely to have increased their efficiency as
 plant pollinators and seed spreaders.data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1qh6772
title: Data from: Globally invasive genotypes of the amphibian chytrid outcompete an enzootic lineage in coinfections

description: Competition between genotypes is likely to be a key driver of pathogen
 evolution, particularly following a geographic invasion by distant
 strains. Theory predicts that competition between disease strains will
 result in the most virulent strain persisting. Despite its evolutionary
 implications, the role of strain competition in shaping populations
 remains untested for most pathogens. We experimentally investigated the in
 vivo competitive differences between two divergent lineages of the
 amphibian-killing chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd).
 These Bd lineages are hypothesized to have diverged in allopatry but
 recently brought back into secondary contact by human introduction. Prior
 studies indicate that a panzootically-distributed, global lineage of Bd
 was recently introduced into southern Brazil, and is competitively
 excluding enzootic lineages in the southern Atlantic Forest. To test for
 differences in competitive ability between invasive and enzootic Brazilian
 Bd isolates, we coinfected a model host frog system which we developed for
 this study (Hymenochirus curtipes). We tracked isolate-specific zoospore
 production over the course of the coinfection experiment with chip-based
 digital PCR (dPCR). The globally invasive panzootic lineage had a
 competitive advantage in spore production especially during the first 1 –
 4 weeks of infection, and on frogs that eventually succumbed to Bd
 infection. Our study provides new evidence that competitive pressure
 resulting from the human movement of pathogen strains can rapidly alter
 the genetics, community dynamics, and spatial epidemiology of pathogens in
 the wild.
description: Lineage Specific
 Zoospore Loads by dPCRData from: Globally
 invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under
 coinfection.Bd_Competition_dPCR.csvPost-mortem Lineage Specific Zoospore Loads by dPCRData from: Globally invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under coinfection.Bd_Competition_dPCR_deaths.csvBd_Competition_Week1_dPCRWeek 1 time series data from: Globally invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under coinfection.Bd_Competition_Week4_dPCRWeek 4 time series data from: Globally invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under coinfection.Bd_Competition_Week7_dPCRWeek 7 time series data from: Globally invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under coinfection.Bd_Competition_Week10_dPCRWeek 10 time series data from: Globally invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under coinfection.Bd_Competition_Main_Figures_Analysis_CodeR code to produce analyses and base data plots shown in Figures 2 & 3: Globally invasive genotypes outcompete enzootic amphibian chytrid lineages under coinfection.Bd_Competition_Main_Figures_Analysis.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4823jr1
title: Data from: Using a robotic fish to investigate individual differences in social responsiveness in the guppy

description: Responding towards the actions of others is one of the most important
 behavioral traits whenever animals of the same species interact. Mutual
 influences among interacting individuals may modulate the social
 responsiveness seen and thus makes it often difficult to study the level
 and individual variation in responsiveness. Here, open-loop biomimetic
 robots that provide standardized, non-interactive social cues can be a
 useful tool. These robots are not affected by the live animal’s actions
 but are assumed to still represent valuable and biologically relevant
 social cues. As this assumption is crucial for the use of biomimetic
 robots in behavioral studies, we hypothesized (a) that meaningful social
 interactions can be assumed if live animals maintain individual
 differences in responsiveness both when interacting with a biomimetic
 robot and a live partner. Furthermore, to study the level of individual
 variation in social responsiveness, we hypothesized (b) that individual
 differences should be maintained over the course of multiple tests with
 the robot. We investigated the response of live guppies (Poecilia
 reticulata) when allowed to interact either with a biomimetic open-loop
 controlled fish robot – ‘Robofish’ – or a live companion. Furthermore we
 investigated the responses of live guppies when tested three times with
 Robofish. We found that live guppies’ responses towards Robofish were
 weaker compared to a live companion, most likely as a result of the
 non-interactive open-loop behavior of Robofish. Guppies, however, were
 consistent in their individual responses between a live companion and
 Robofish and similar individual differences in response towards Robofish
 were maintained over repeated testing even though habituation to the test
 environment was detectable. Biomimetic robots like Robofish are therefore
 a useful tool for the study of social responsiveness in guppies and
 possibly other small fish species.
description: Data_First_ExperimentData from first experiment. Legend included in file.Data_first_exp_bierbach.xlsxData_Second_ExperimentData from second experiment. Legend included in file.Data_second_exp_bierbach.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m7j5p
title: Data from: Evidence for parallel evolution of a gene involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis

description: PHD finger protein 7 (Phf7) is a male germline specific gene in Drosophila
 melanogaster that can trigger the male germline sexual fate and regulate
 spermatogenesis, and its human homologue can rescue fecundity defects in
 male flies lacking this gene. These findings prompted us to investigate
 conservation of reproductive strategies through studying the evolutionary
 origin of this gene. We find that Phf7 is present only in select species
 including mammals and some insects, whereas the closely related G2/M-phase
 specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (G2e3) is in the genome of most
 metazoans. Interestingly, phylogenetic analyses showed that vertebrate and
 insect Phf7 genes did not evolve from a common Phf7 ancestor but rather
 through independent duplication events from an ancestral G2e3. This is an
 example of parallel evolution in which a male germline factor evolved at
 least twice from a pre-existing template to develop new regulatory
 mechanisms of spermatogenesis.
description: Tissue expression
 patterns of Phf7 and G2e3 in various speciesThis file contains the
 Ct values of qRT-PCR reactions comparing Phf7 and G2e3 homologs in
 different tissues from different speciesqRT-PCR.xlsxFecundity test dataFecundity test results comparing how various Phf7 and G2e3 genes could restore fertility of Phf7-mutant male fruit fliesFecundity test.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh610
title: Data from: A 45-second self-test for cardiorespiratory fitness: heart rate-based estimation in healthy individuals

description: Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is a widespread essential indicator in
 Sports Science as well as in Sports Medicine. This study aimed to develop
 and validate a prediction model for CRF based on a 45 second self-test,
 which can be conducted anywhere. Criterion validity, test re-test study
 was set up to accomplish our objectives. Data from 81 healthy volunteers
 (age: 29 ± 8 years, BMI: 24.0 ± 2.9), 18 of whom females, were used to
 validate this test against gold standard. Nineteen volunteers repeated
 this test twice in order to evaluate its repeatability. CRF estimation
 models were developed using heart rate (HR) features extracted from the
 resting, exercise, and the recovery phase. The most predictive HR feature
 was the intercept of the linear equation fitting the HR values during the
 recovery phase normalized for the height2 (r2 = 0.30). The Ruffier-Dickson
 Index (RDI), which was originally developed for this squat test, showed a
 negative significant correlation with CRF (r = -0.40), but explained only
 15% of the variability in CRF. A multivariate model based on RDI and sex,
 age and height increased the explained variability up to 53% with a cross
 validation (CV) error of 0.532 L ∙ min-1 and substantial repeatability
 (ICC = 0.91). The best predictive multivariate model made use of the
 linear intercept of HR at the beginning of the recovery normalized for
 height2 and age2; this had an adjusted r2 = 0. 59, a CV error of 0.495
 L·min-1 and substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.93). It also had a higher
 agreement in classifying CRF levels (κ = 0.42) than RDI-based model (κ =
 0.29). In conclusion, this simple 45 s self-test can be used to estimate
 and classify CRF in healthy individuals with moderate accuracy and large
 repeatability when HR recovery features are included.
description: Sartor_F_RD_Data_2016
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tj4tn
title: Data from: Dissection of signaling modalities and courtship timing reveals a novel signal in Drosophila saltans courtship

description: Courtship signalling, necessary for the recognition of potential mates, is
 often complex, using many modalities with multiple components. Drosophila
 courtship comprises chemical, tactile, visual and acoustic stimuli.
 Ablation of single sensory channels, either signal production or
 reception, can determine the roles of individual modalities in overall
 reproductive success. Adding measures of courtship timing, particularly
 courtship latency, the time for the male to initiate courtship, and
 courtship duration, the time from courtship initiation until the female
 accepts the male for copulation, allows us to identify the stage of
 courtship at which a signal acts. This study focuses on Drosophila
 saltans, a member of the saltans species group. Little is known about
 sexual behaviour of species in this group, part of the Sophophora
 subgenus. In the present study, we found that ablation of any one signal
 in D. saltans did not eliminate mating, thus courtship is multimodal. In
 addition to examining the signals and signal reception common to most
 Drosophila species, we also examined the role that the midtarsi play in
 courtship. The removal of the female's midtarsi significantly reduced
 mating occurrence. Using timing data, we discerned that the absence of
 midtarsi in the female did not affect the male's ability to identify
 the female as a potential mate, but the male may be unable to sufficiently
 stimulate the female to copulation. Measuring courtship latency and
 courtship duration, as well as the occurrence of courtship and copulation,
 allowed us to determine whether a particular signal plays a role in
 activating the male to initiate courtship or stimulating the female to
 mate.
description: Dsaltans_antennae_ablation_ABResults of ablating antennaeDsaltans_aristae_ablation_ABResults of ablating aristaeDsaltans_eye_ablation_ABResults of covering eyesDsaltans_foretarsi_ablation_ABResults of ablating foretarsiDsaltans_light_dark_ABResults from keeping flies in continuous darknessDsaltans_midtarsi_ablation_ABResults of midtarsi ablationDsaltans_wing_ablation_ABResults of wing ablation
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s41s2
title: Data from: Linking the respiration of fungal sporocarps with their nitrogen concentration: variation among species, tissues, and guilds

description: Tissue nitrogen (N) concentration has been correlated with respiration
 (RS) across plants of different life forms, functional and phylogenetic
 groups, plant organs and ectomycorrhizae of different fungal species.
 Nothing is known, however, if a similar relationship exists in other
 organisms like fungi. Here, we explored the N-RS relationship across
 sporocarps of 93 fungal species that varied in their guilds (mutualistic,
 saprotrophic, and parasitic) as well as “tissue” types (caps and stipes).
 We hypothesized that RS, N and protein concentrations were higher for
 saprotrophic fungi than either mutualistic and parasitic fungi and were
 higher for caps than for stipes. We also hypothesized that respiration of
 fungal guild could be predicted by the N concentration. Lastly we
 predicted N and RS were phylogenetically conserved and that by subtracting
 metabolically inactive N in chitin, we could improve the N-RS
 relationship. Sporocarp N concentration only explained 26% of the
 variation in RS across species. We found a significant difference in the
 N-RS relationship among the three fungal guilds, but no difference between
 the two tissue types. Saprotrophic species had higher N concentration and
 respiration than mutualistic and parasitic fungal species. Sporocarp
 components differed with caps showing both higher respiration and higher N
 and protein concentrations than stipes. Overall, our results show that
 fungal sporocarp nitrogen concentration is phylogenetically conserved
 among fungal families and may prove to be a strong predictor of fungal
 guild. The positive N-RS relationships existed for all fungal species
 (similar to plants), within fungal guilds (similar to plant functional
 groups), and fungal “tissue” types (like plants’ organs). The clear
 linkage of fungal sporocarp respiration to total N concentration could
 help improve C and N cycling models in forest ecosystems by including
 estimates of fungal respiration based on fungal N concentration.
description: Trocha_Data_FE2015-00294The file contains data on respiration (RS) (nmol O2 g-1 s-1) and nitrogen concentration (%N) of 93 species of fungal sporocarps of different fungal guilds (ECM-ectomycorrhizal, SAP-saprotrophic, and PAR-parasitic); the file contains also information on RS and %N in fungal "tissues" (cap, stipe, and as 'sporocarp' for those species do not form cap-and-stipe fruiting bodies); the number of each RS and %N measurement and sporocarp repeat is also included;