DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jx63
title: Data from: The global effect of aortic coarctation on carotid and renal pulsatile hemodynamics

description: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital disease characterized by
 the narrowing of the aorta, typically the descending portion after the
 left subclavian artery. If left untreated, by the time individuals reach
 50 years of age, the mortality rate can reach 90%. Previous studies have
 highlighted the adverse effects of CoA on local hemodynamics. However, no
 study has investigated the global hemodynamic effects of CoA in end-organ
 (brain and kidney) damage. Clinical studies have shown that coarctation
 acts as a reflection site, potentially damaging the hemodynamics of the
 brain and kidneys. Our goal in this study is to investigate the underlying
 mechanisms of these altered wave dynamics and their impacts on the
 pulsatile hemodynamics of end-organs. In this study, we use a
 physiologically accurate in-vitro experimental setup that simulates the
 hemodynamics of systemic circulation. Experiments are conducted across
 various cardiac outputs, heart rates, and coarctation degrees using aortas
 across a wide range of aortic stiffnesses. Our principal finding is that
 CoA increases cerebral blood flow and harmful pulsatile energy
 transmission to the brain. Conversely, both renal blood flow and pulsatile
 energy transmission to the kidneys are reduced in CoA at every level of
 aortic stiffness.
description: # Data from: The global effect of aortic coarctation on carotid and renal
 pulsatile hemodynamics
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jx63](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jx63) We have submitted our supplementary material and raw data corresponding to each figure. This dataset includes: * The carotid pressure waveforms for normal and different coarctation degrees * The carotid & renal pulsatile power transmission for normal and different coarctation degrees for normal and low cardiac outputs * The carotid & renal mean flowrate for normal and different coarctation degrees for normal and low cardiac outputs * The carotid & renal pulsatile power transmission for different aortic stiffness for normal and severe coarctation * The carotid & renal pulsatile power transmission for normal and different coarctation degrees across different heart rates * Total, forward, and backward wave intensity profiles at carotid & renal arteries for normal and different coarctation degrees * Power spectrum analysis for carotid & renal blood flow for normal and different coarctation degrees ## Description of the data and file structure ###### Supplementary materials This file includes the detailed process of the artificial organs fabrication; values for carotid and renal pulsatile power transmission for different aortas and different coarctation degrees; power spectrum analysis at carotid and renal arteries for different coarctation degrees. ###### Figure 3.xlsx Carotid pressure : The pressure at the carotid artery for normal and different aortic coarctation degrees (mmHg) ###### Figure 4.xlsx * Compliant aorta: The most compliant aorta used in the study with the pulse wave velocity of 8 m/s * Stiff aorta: The most stiff aorta used in this study with the pulse wave velocity of 28 m/s * Normal LV: Normal left ventricle function * LV systolic dysfunction: Left ventricle systolic dysfunction * CoA degree: The degree of aortic coarctation (narrowing) * Carotid pulsatile power transmission: The amount of pulsatile energy transmission at the carotid artery (mW) ###### Figure 5.xlsx * Compliant aorta: The most compliant aorta used in the study with the pulse wave velocity of 8 m/s * Stiff aorta: The stiffest aorta used in this study with the pulse wave velocity of 28 m/s * Normal LV: Normal left ventricle function * LV systolic dysfunction: Left ventricle systolic dysfunction * CoA degree: The degree of aortic coarctation * Carotid mean flowrate: The average of the flowrate at the carotid artery (mL/min) ###### Figure 6.xlsx * 75% CoA: 75% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * Normal: The aorta is normal and does not have coarctation * Pulse wave velocity: Pulse wave velocity calculated using foot-to-foot method for each aorta for evaluating aortic stiffness (m/s) * Carotid pulsatile power transmission: The amount of pulsatile energy transmission at the carotid artery (mW) ###### Figure 7.xlsx * Compliant aorta: The most compliant aorta used in the study with the pulse wave velocity of 8 m/s * Stiff aorta: The stiffest aorta used in this study with the pulse wave velocity of 28 m/s * 75% CoA: 75% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * 50%: 50% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * 25%: 25% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * Normal: The aorta is normal and does not have coarctation * Heart rate: The heart rate used for the experiment (bpm) * Carotid pulsatile power transmission: The amount of pulsatile energy transmission at the carotid artery (mW) ###### Figure 8.xlsx * Compliant aorta: The most compliant aorta used in the study with the pulse wave velocity of 8 m/s * Stiff aorta: The stiffest aorta used in this study with the pulse wave velocity of 28 m/s * 75%: 75% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * 50%: 50% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * 25%: 25% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * Normal: The aorta is normal and does not have coarctation * Time: The time corresponding to the collected data (s) * Wave intensity: Wave intensity calculated at the carotid artery using pressure and velocity measurements simultaneously.  Wave intensity is defined as the product of the pressure changes and velocity changes during a small-time interval (W.s^-2.m^-2) ###### Figure 9.xlsx * 75%: 75% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * 50%: 50% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * 25%: 25% area reduction (narrowing) of the aorta * Normal: The aorta is normal and does not have coarctation * Time: The time corresponding to the collected data (s) * Total wave intensity: Wave intensity calculated at the carotid artery using pressure and velocity measurements simultaneously.  Wave intensity is defined as the product of the pressure changes and velocity changes during a small-time interval (W.s^-2.m^-2) * Forward and Backward wave intensity: Pressure and flow waveforms were separated into their forward and backward components. Based on this, the total wave intensity was decomposed to forward and backward wave intensity profiles (W.s^-2.m^-2) ###### Figure 10.xlsx * The same as Figure 9. ###### Figure 11.xlsx * Compliant, normal: It refers to the most compliant aorta without coarctation. * Compliant, 75% CoA: It refers to the most compliant aorta with 75% degree of coarctation. * Stiff, normal:  It refers to the stiffest aorta without coarctation. * Stiff, 75% CoA: It refers to the stiffest aorta with 75% degree of coarctation. * Frequency: The frequency values (Hz) * Power spectrum: Power spectrum obtained using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). They represent the distribution of signal energy throughout different frequencies. ###### Descriptions provided for Figures 4-11 can be used for Figures 12-19, respectively. The only difference is Figures 4-11 pertain to the carotid artery, while Figures 12-19 pertain to the renal artery.