cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143948.v1
title: Supplementary Material to BEH 3443

description: Video clips made during Canteloup et al.’s (2016) visual perspective-taking study. The study took place in three experimental areas (Canteloup et al., 2016) and subjects’ participation was voluntary. Subjects were assigned as dominant or subordinate depending on which other monkey came to participate in a given session. Each monkey started on opposite sides of the middle test area, and both were given access to the test area after an experimenter had placed two pieces of food there. One piece was placed on top of one of two breezeblocks so as to be visible to both individuals; the second piece was placed inside the other breezeblock so as to be hidden from the dominant. No training was used in this experiment.We ran two conditions, as follows: In condition 1 the subordinate was released into the test area simultaneously with the dominant; in condition 2 the subordinate had a short head start on the dominant (i.e., the dominant was released as soon as the subordinate’s entire body was in the test area). nalyses were done on a total of 360 trials involving 20 different dominant-subordinate dyads.<br><br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143939
title: Supplementary Material for: Electrical Potential of Leaping Eels

description: When approached by a large, partially submerged conductor, electric eels <i>(Electrophorus electricus)</i> will often defend themselves by leaping from the water to directly shock the threat. Presumably, the conductor is interpreted as an approaching terrestrial or semiaquatic animal. In the course of this defensive behavior, eels first make direct contact with their lower jaw and then rapidly emerge from the water, ascending the conductor while discharging high-voltage volleys. In this study, the equivalent circuit that develops during this behavior was proposed and investigated. First, the electromotive force and internal resistance of four electric eels were determined. These values were then used to estimate the resistance of the water volume between the eel and the conductor by making direct measurements of current with the eel and water in the circuit. The resistance of the return path from the eel's lower jaw to the main body of water was then determined, based on voltage recordings, for each electric eel at the height of the defensive leap. Finally, the addition of a hypothetical target for the leaping defense was considered as part of the circuit. The results suggest the defensive behavior efficiently directs electrical current through the threat, producing an aversive and deterring experience by activating afferents in potential predators.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143939.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Electrical Potential of Leaping Eels

description: When approached by a large, partially submerged conductor, electric eels <i>(Electrophorus electricus)</i> will often defend themselves by leaping from the water to directly shock the threat. Presumably, the conductor is interpreted as an approaching terrestrial or semiaquatic animal. In the course of this defensive behavior, eels first make direct contact with their lower jaw and then rapidly emerge from the water, ascending the conductor while discharging high-voltage volleys. In this study, the equivalent circuit that develops during this behavior was proposed and investigated. First, the electromotive force and internal resistance of four electric eels were determined. These values were then used to estimate the resistance of the water volume between the eel and the conductor by making direct measurements of current with the eel and water in the circuit. The resistance of the return path from the eel's lower jaw to the main body of water was then determined, based on voltage recordings, for each electric eel at the height of the defensive leap. Finally, the addition of a hypothetical target for the leaping defense was considered as part of the circuit. The results suggest the defensive behavior efficiently directs electrical current through the threat, producing an aversive and deterring experience by activating afferents in potential predators.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143987.v2
title: Primary and lateral root.ai

description: Representation of the primary root tissues and lateral root primordium after emergence. Color coding of the tissues and legend. Indication of the different zones of the primary root.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143930
title: Shape Data AntTower from Fire ants perpetually rebuild sinking towers

description: In the aftermath of a flood, fire ants, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i>, cluster into temporary encampments. The encampments can contain hundreds of thousands of ants and reach over 30 ants high. How do ants build such tall structures without being crushed? In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the shape and rate of construction of ant towers around a central support. The towers are bell shaped, consistent with towers of constant strength such as the Eiffel tower, where each element bears an equal load. However, unlike the Eiffel tower, the ant tower is built through a process of trial and error, whereby failed portions avalanche until the final shape emerges. High-speed and novel X-ray videography reveal that the tower constantly sinks and is rebuilt, reminiscent of large multicellular systems such as human skin. We combine the behavioural rules that produce rafts on water with measurements of adhesion and attachment strength to model the rate of growth of the tower. The model correctly predicts that the growth rate decreases as the support diameter increases. This work may inspire the design of synthetic swarms capable of building in vertical layers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143945.v1
title: EntityRelatednessTestData

description: The entity relatedness problem refers to the question of computing the relationship paths that better describe the connectivity between a given entity pair. This dataset supports the evaluation of approaches that address the entity relatedness problem. It covers two familiar domains, music and movies, and uses data available in IMDb and last.fm, which are popular reference datasets in these domains. The dataset contains 20 entity pairs from each of these domains and, for each entity pair, a ranked list with 50 relationship paths. It also contains entity ratings and property relevance scores for the entities and properties used in the paths.<br><b><i>(This version supersedes the previous one)</i></b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143921
title: Slot Time distribution AntTower from Fire ants perpetually rebuild sinking towers

description: In the aftermath of a flood, fire ants, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i>, cluster into temporary encampments. The encampments can contain hundreds of thousands of ants and reach over 30 ants high. How do ants build such tall structures without being crushed? In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the shape and rate of construction of ant towers around a central support. The towers are bell shaped, consistent with towers of constant strength such as the Eiffel tower, where each element bears an equal load. However, unlike the Eiffel tower, the ant tower is built through a process of trial and error, whereby failed portions avalanche until the final shape emerges. High-speed and novel X-ray videography reveal that the tower constantly sinks and is rebuilt, reminiscent of large multicellular systems such as human skin. We combine the behavioural rules that produce rafts on water with measurements of adhesion and attachment strength to model the rate of growth of the tower. The model correctly predicts that the growth rate decreases as the support diameter increases. This work may inspire the design of synthetic swarms capable of building in vertical layers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143945
title: Entity Relatedness Test Data

description: The entity relatedness problem refers to the question of computing the relationship paths that better describe the connectivity between a given entity pair. This dataset supports the evaluation of approaches that address the entity relatedness problem. It covers two familiar domains, music and movies, and uses data available in IMDb and last.fm, which are popular reference datasets in these domains. The dataset contains 20 entity pairs from each of these domains and, for each entity pair, a ranked list with 50 relationship paths. It also contains entity ratings and property relevance scores for the entities and properties used in the paths.<br><b><i>(This version supersedes the previous one)</i></b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143921.v1
title: Slot Time distribution AntTower from Fire ants perpetually rebuild sinking towers

description: In the aftermath of a flood, fire ants, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i>, cluster into temporary encampments. The encampments can contain hundreds of thousands of ants and reach over 30 ants high. How do ants build such tall structures without being crushed? In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the shape and rate of construction of ant towers around a central support. The towers are bell shaped, consistent with towers of constant strength such as the Eiffel tower, where each element bears an equal load. However, unlike the Eiffel tower, the ant tower is built through a process of trial and error, whereby failed portions avalanche until the final shape emerges. High-speed and novel X-ray videography reveal that the tower constantly sinks and is rebuilt, reminiscent of large multicellular systems such as human skin. We combine the behavioural rules that produce rafts on water with measurements of adhesion and attachment strength to model the rate of growth of the tower. The model correctly predicts that the growth rate decreases as the support diameter increases. This work may inspire the design of synthetic swarms capable of building in vertical layers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143915
title: Measuring and explaining the marriage boom in the developed world

description: Using aggregated data from 25 developed countries over a lengthy period of time, this article presents a measure of the marriage boom observed in the twentieth century and an explanation for its causes. One of my main conclusions is that even though it basically developed after the Second World War, its origins are to be found before it. I found that, contrary to the views of some scholars, this boom was not a short-lived phenomenon, but actually lasted for 90 years on average. Using panel data analysis techniques, I am able to show that the rise in women’s education, state spending on social benefits, and larger percentages of people employed in the primary sector tended to discourage marriage. I also found a quadratic relationship between the nuptiality index and the per capita income and mortality rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143843
title: Table S1. Raw data from the 1882 squamate species with their respective mean values for the 19 variables used in pPCA analysis. from The evolution of climatic niches in squamate reptiles

description: Despite the remarkable diversity found in squamate reptiles, most of their species tend to be found in warm/dry environments, suggesting that climatic requirements played a crucial role in their diversification, yet little is known about the evolution of their climatic niches. In this study, we integrate climatic information associated with the geographical distribution of 1882 squamate species and their phylogenetic relationships to investigate the tempo and mode of climatic niche evolution in squamates, both over time and among lineages. We found that changes in climatic niche dynamics were pronounced over their recent squamate evolutionary history, and we identified extensive evidence for rate heterogeneity in squamate climatic niche evolution. Most rate shifts involved accelerations, particularly over the past 50 Myr. Most squamates occupy similar regions of the climatic niche space, with only a few lineages diversifying into colder and humid climatic conditions. The changes from arid to mesic conditions in some regions of the globe may have provided opportunities for climatic niche evolution, although most lineages tended to remain near their ancestral niche. Variation in rates of climatic niche evolution seems common, particularly in response to the availability of new climatic conditions over evolutionary time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143759
title: Interaction of a flavone loaded on surface-modified dextran-spooled superparamagnetic nanoparticles with β-cyclodextrin and DNA

description: Flavones are biologically active compounds obtained mainly from plant sources. Pharmaceutically important compounds can be delivered to the physiological target by loading them in carriers like cyclodextrins and magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, the binding of 6-methoxyflavone to β-cyclodextrin and DNA is studied using UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The loading of 6-methoxyflavone onto a magnetic nanoparticles is employed. β-cyclodextrin encapsulates the 6-methoxyflavone to form an inclusion complex. β-cyclodextrin also used to draw forth 6-methoxyflavone loaded onto a magnetic nanoparticles. The morphology, magnetic property and the crystallite size of the nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The binding of the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles to DNA shows that the compound is accessible to DNA and available mostly on the surface of the nanoparticles despite a modified dextan polymer supposedly encapsulates the flavone.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143759.v2
title: Interaction of a flavone loaded on surface-modified dextran-spooled superparamagnetic nanoparticles with β-cyclodextrin and DNA

description: Flavones are biologically active compounds obtained mainly from plant sources. Pharmaceutically important compounds can be delivered to the physiological target by loading them in carriers like cyclodextrins and magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, the binding of 6-methoxyflavone to β-cyclodextrin and DNA is studied using UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The loading of 6-methoxyflavone onto a magnetic nanoparticles is employed. β-cyclodextrin encapsulates the 6-methoxyflavone to form an inclusion complex. β-cyclodextrin also used to draw forth 6-methoxyflavone loaded onto a magnetic nanoparticles. The morphology, magnetic property and the crystallite size of the nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The binding of the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles to DNA shows that the compound is accessible to DNA and available mostly on the surface of the nanoparticles despite a modified dextan polymer supposedly encapsulates the flavone.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143759.v1
title: Interaction of a flavone loaded on surface-modified dextran-spooled superparamagnetic nanoparticles with β-cyclodextrin and DNA

description: Flavones are biologically active compounds obtained mainly from plant sources. Pharmaceutically important compounds can be delivered to the physiological target by loading them in carriers like cyclodextrins and magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, the binding of 6-methoxyflavone to β-cyclodextrin and DNA is studied using UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The loading of 6-methoxyflavone onto a magnetic nanoparticles is employed. β-cyclodextrin encapsulates the 6-methoxyflavone to form an inclusion complex. β-cyclodextrin also used to draw forth 6-methoxyflavone loaded onto a magnetic nanoparticles. The morphology, magnetic property and the crystallite size of the nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The binding of the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles to DNA shows that the compound is accessible to DNA and available mostly on the surface of the nanoparticles despite a modified dextan polymer supposedly encapsulates the flavone.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143591
title: Raw data from Non-goal-directed recall of specific events in apes after long delays

description: All collected data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143591.v1
title: Raw data from Non-goal-directed recall of specific events in apes after long delays

description: All collected data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143504
title: How noise and coupling influence leading indicators of population extinction in a spatially extended ecological system

description: Anticipating critical transitions in spatially extended systems is a key topic of interest to ecologists. Gradually declining metapopulations are an important example of a spatially extended biological system that may exhibit a critical transition. Theory for spatially extended systems approaching extinction that accounts for environmental stochasticity and coupling is currently lacking. Here, we develop spatially implicit two-patch models with additive and multiplicative forms of environmental stochasticity that are slowly forced through population collapse, through changing environmental conditions. We derive patch-specific expressions for candidate indicators of extinction and test their performance via a simulation study. Coupling and spatial heterogeneities decrease the magnitude of the proposed indicators in coupled populations relative to isolated populations, and the noise regime and the degree of coupling together determine trends in summary statistics. This theory may be readily applied to other spatially extended ecological systems, such as coupled infectious disease systems on the verge of elimination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143504.v1
title: How noise and coupling influence leading indicators of population extinction in a spatially extended ecological system

description: Anticipating critical transitions in spatially extended systems is a key topic of interest to ecologists. Gradually declining metapopulations are an important example of a spatially extended biological system that may exhibit a critical transition. Theory for spatially extended systems approaching extinction that accounts for environmental stochasticity and coupling is currently lacking. Here, we develop spatially implicit two-patch models with additive and multiplicative forms of environmental stochasticity that are slowly forced through population collapse, through changing environmental conditions. We derive patch-specific expressions for candidate indicators of extinction and test their performance via a simulation study. Coupling and spatial heterogeneities decrease the magnitude of the proposed indicators in coupled populations relative to isolated populations, and the noise regime and the degree of coupling together determine trends in summary statistics. This theory may be readily applied to other spatially extended ecological systems, such as coupled infectious disease systems on the verge of elimination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143486
title: Supplementary Material for: Combined Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Methodology for Automated Regional Brain Analysis: Application in a Normal Pediatric Population

description: During human brain development, anatomic regions mature at different rates. Quantitative anatomy-specific analysis of longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data may improve our ability to quantify and categorize these maturational changes. Computational tools designed to quickly fuse and analyze imaging information from multiple, technically different datasets would facilitate research on changes during normal brain maturation and for comparison to disease states. In the current study, we developed a complete battery of computational tools to execute such data analyses that include data preprocessing, tract-based statistical analysis from DTI data, automated brain anatomy parsing from T1-weighted MR images, assignment of metabolite information from MRSI data, and co-alignment of these multimodality data streams for reporting of region-specific indices. We present statistical analyses of regional DTI and MRSI data in a cohort of normal pediatric subjects (<i>n</i> = 72; age range: 5-18 years; mean 12.7 ± 3.3 years) to establish normative data and evaluate maturational trends. Several regions showed significant maturational changes for several DTI parameters and MRSI ratios, but the percent change over the age range tended to be small. In the subcortical region (combined basal ganglia [BG], thalami [TH], and corpus callosum [CC]), the largest combined percent change was a 10% increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) primarily due to increases in the BG (12.7%) and TH (9%). The largest significant percent increase in N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio was seen in the brain stem (BS) (18.8%) followed by the subcortical regions in the BG (11.9%), CC (8.9%), and TH (6.0%). We found consistent, significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but weakly positive correlations (<i>r</i> = 0.228-0.329) between NAA/Cr ratios and mean FA in the BS, BG, and CC regions. Age- and region-specific normative MR diffusion and spectroscopic metabolite ranges show brain maturation changes and are requisite for detecting abnormalities in an injured or diseased population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5143486.v2
title: Supplementary Material for: Combined Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Methodology for Automated Regional Brain Analysis: Application in a Normal Pediatric Population

description: During human brain development, anatomic regions mature at different rates. Quantitative anatomy-specific analysis of longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data may improve our ability to quantify and categorize these maturational changes. Computational tools designed to quickly fuse and analyze imaging information from multiple, technically different datasets would facilitate research on changes during normal brain maturation and for comparison to disease states. In the current study, we developed a complete battery of computational tools to execute such data analyses that include data preprocessing, tract-based statistical analysis from DTI data, automated brain anatomy parsing from T1-weighted MR images, assignment of metabolite information from MRSI data, and co-alignment of these multimodality data streams for reporting of region-specific indices. We present statistical analyses of regional DTI and MRSI data in a cohort of normal pediatric subjects (<i>n</i> = 72; age range: 5-18 years; mean 12.7 ± 3.3 years) to establish normative data and evaluate maturational trends. Several regions showed significant maturational changes for several DTI parameters and MRSI ratios, but the percent change over the age range tended to be small. In the subcortical region (combined basal ganglia [BG], thalami [TH], and corpus callosum [CC]), the largest combined percent change was a 10% increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) primarily due to increases in the BG (12.7%) and TH (9%). The largest significant percent increase in N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio was seen in the brain stem (BS) (18.8%) followed by the subcortical regions in the BG (11.9%), CC (8.9%), and TH (6.0%). We found consistent, significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but weakly positive correlations (<i>r</i> = 0.228-0.329) between NAA/Cr ratios and mean FA in the BS, BG, and CC regions. Age- and region-specific normative MR diffusion and spectroscopic metabolite ranges show brain maturation changes and are requisite for detecting abnormalities in an injured or diseased population.