cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.933337
title: KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: carbonate chemistry data

description: Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the ocean are characterized by enhanced carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and are being further acidified by increasing anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. To investigate how on-going ocean deoxygenation will impact biogeochemical processes, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was conducted offshore Peru in austral summer (Feb-Apr) 2017, coinciding with a rare coastal El Niño event. We deployed eight mesocosms, each with a volume of 55 m3 and a length of 19 m, at the surface water in the coastal area of Callao (12.06° S, 77.23° W). The mesocosm bags were filled by surrounding surface water with daily or every-2nd-day nutrient and CO2 measurements for 10 days to monitor the initial conditions. Deep water masses from two different locations in the nearby OMZs were collected (at a depth of 30 and 70 m, respectively) and added to the mesocosms to simulate upwelling events on day 13 (see Bach et al., 2020 for details). Here we report every-2nd-day measurements of carbonate chemistry parameters in the individual mesocosms and the surrounding Pacific waters over 50 days. Depth-integrated seawater samples were taken from the surface (0-10 m for day 3-28; 0-12.5 m for day 29-50) and bottom layer (10-17 m for day 3-28; 12.5-17 m for day 29-50) of the mesocosms and the surrounding coastal water (named “Pacific”) using a 5-L integrating water sampler. Total alkalinity (TA) was measured by a two-stage open-cell potentiometric titration using a Metrohm 862 Compact Titrosampler, Aquatrode Plus (Pt1000) and a 907 Titrando unit, and pH (total scale) was measured spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance ratios after adding the indicator dye m-cresol purple (mCP) on a Varian-Cary 100 double-beam spectrophotometer (Varian). With inputs of the measured TA and pH, other CO2 parameters, such as dissolved inorganic carbon, pCO2, calcite and aragonite saturation state, and CO2 fluxes (FCO2), were calculated using the Excel version of CO2SYS. The performance of pH and TA measurements were also evaluated by examining the standard deviations and range controls of triplicate measurements of samples or reference materials. Our observations showed an acidification of surface water in the mesocosms by the OMZ water addition, followed by a rapid drop in pCO2 to near or below the atmospheric level due to enhance phytoplankton production. The positive CO2 fluxes in the surrounding Pacific waters indicated our study site was a local CO2 source during our study. Nevertheless, our mesocosm experiment suggests this CO2 export to the atmosphere can be largely dampened by biological processes. As a unique dataset that characterized near-shore carbonate chemistry with a high temporal resolution during a rare coastal El Niño event, our study gives important insights into the carbonate chemistry responses to extreme climate events in the Peruvian upwelling system.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-668
title: University of Southern California student Halloween party, ca. 1890

description: Photograph of University of Southern California student Halloween party, ca. 1890. A group of students can be seen sitting a and standing around a large group of carved jack-o-lanterns outside the University Gymnasium building. -- "Traditional in the early 98's was this Halloween party by members of the SC student body. Universities -- U.S.C." -- typed note attached to verso.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.966521
title: Effects of ocean acidification on larval survival rates of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum

description: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the survival, development and swimming behaviour of embryos of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum (syn. Lophelia pertusa). Upon spawning, fertilized embryos were collected and exposed to two pCO2 treatments corresponding to present pCO2 conditions (400 ppm) and future pCO2 conditions predicted under scenario IPCC RCP8.5 for the end of the century (1000 ppm). We monitored survival daily and we measured swimming velocity on day 9 after spawning. Temperature and pH were measured every 24h, salinity was measured every other day, and water samples were collected during the first and last day of the experiment to determine total alkalinity (TA).This dataset includes data on the effects of OA on embryo and larval survival of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum. Embryos (age: first cleavage and 2 cell stage) were exposed to two acidification (pCO2) treatments: present pCO2 conditions (400 ppm) and future pCO2 conditions predicted under RCP8.5 for the end of the century (1000 ppm) and reared for a total of nine days. We counted embryos and larvae daily to determine larval survival under the two treatments.
description: Measurements annotated with "Dev" correspond to flasks that were not used for survival counts, but just for monitoring embryo development.Experimental treatment, CTR: present pCO2 400 ppm; AC: end-of-century pCO2 1000 ppm
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.980595
title: Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca results from the eastern Fram Strait between 40 and 33.5 ka b2k

description: We present a Neogloboquadrina pachyderma Mg/Ca-subsurface temperature (SubSTs) dataset from marine sediment core MD99-2304, retrieved from the eastern Fram Strait (77°37'15.6N, 9°56'54E) at a water depth of 1348 m. The core was collected using a piston corer during the Marion Dufresne IMAGES 5 expedition (leg MD114) in 1999. This dataset illustrates the subsurface condition in the eastern Fram Strait between 40 and 33.5 ka b2k, covering a period within Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). Neogloboquadrina pachyderma specimens were dry-sieved between 150 and 212 μm and handpicked, with a temporal resolution of 20–40 years per sample. The final sampling resolution was determined by the availability of foraminifera in each sample. Trace element analysis was conducted on approximately 100 crushed foraminiferal shells per sample following a "full cleaning" protocol (Boyle, 1981; Boyle & Keigwin, 1985). This protocol involved the removal of clays, metal oxides, and barite, oxidation of organic matter, and surface leaching. Analyses were performed at the Trace Element Lab (TELab) at NORCE Bergen, Norway, using an Agilent 720 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Measured Mg/Ca ratios showed negligible correlation with Fe/Ca, Al/Ca, and Mn/Ca (r² = 0.003, 0.0067, and 0.002, respectively), confirming that contamination from incomplete cleaning was minimal. Long-term precision, assessed using the ECRM-752-1 carbonate standard, yielded a value of 3.76 mmol/mol (1σ = 0.007 mmol/mol). Mg/Ca(N.p) values were calibrated to SubSTs using the equation from Elderfield & Ganssen (2000): T = 10 × ln(Mg/Ca(N.p) / 0.52).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.961317
title: CH4 and N2O fluxes from Lake Licheńskie, Lake Łódzko-Dymaczewskie, Lake Dębno and Lake Trześniowskie

description: Table presents average monthly diffusive fluxes (F) of CH4 and N2O from Lake Licheńskie (LLi), Lake Łódzko-Dymaczewskie (LLD), Lake Dębno (LD) and Lake Trześniowskie (LT). The water samples from LLi were collected between December 2014 and November 2015 as well as between March 2022 and February 2023. The samples from LLD, LD and LT were collected between July 2019 and July 2020. The flux values were calculated with first Fick's law of diffusion for different values of k600 (acc. to Crusius & Wanninkhof 2003, Cole & Caraco 1998, Brasse et al. 2017 and Vachon & Praire 2013). As U10 we used averaged monthly wind speed values for the town of Koło and Powidz (for LLi), Poznań (for LLD and LD) as well as Słubice and Babimost (for LT) obtained from https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/poland.html). Ceq were calculated on the basis of mean atmospheric concentrations of CH₄ and N₂O over Europe in 2015 (1.859·10-6 and 3.264·10-7 bar, respectively; https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/atmospheric-concentration-of-carbon-dioxide-5#tab-chart_6; CH₄ concentrations reported for 2015 and N₂O concentrations for 2009) and relevant Henry constants (KH). The KH values, adopted from Sander (2015) were 0.0014 mol·L-1·bar-1 for CH₄ and 0.025 mol·L-1·bar-1 for N₂O.
description: Formulae to calculate k600:- Crusius and Wanninkhof, 2003k600 = 0.72 · U10 (for U10 &lt; 3.7 m·s-1)k600 = 4.33 · U10 – 13.3 (for U10 ≥ 3.7 m·s-1) - Cole and Caraco (1998)k600 = 2.07 + 0.215 · U101.7 - Brase et al. (2017)k600 = 0.24 · (4.045 + 2.58 · U10) - Vachon and Praire (2013)k600 = 2.51 + 1.48 · U10 + 0.39 · U10 ·log(LA)
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-669
title: University of Southern California student Halloween party, ca. 1890

description: Photograph of University of Southern California student Halloween party, ca. 1890. A group of students can be seen sitting a and standing around a large group of carved jack-o-lanterns outside the University Gymnasium building. -- "Traditional in the early 98's was this Halloween party by members of the SC student body. Universities -- U.S.C." -- typed note attached to verso.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.964708
title: Six years of Short-wave downward radiation time series along an elevational transect in the Italian Alps
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.966548
title: Combined impacts of ocean acidification and deep-sea mining on larval survival of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum

description: Here, we report the results of a multiple stressor experiment combining impacts of ocean acidification and Polymetallic sulfide (PMS) deposits produced by deep-sea mining on larval survival of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum (syn. Lophelia pertusa). Adult colonies of D. pertusum were collected in December and January 2022 at Tisler reef, at depths between 100-120 m. Adults were maintained in aquaria and after spawning, embryos were collected and left to develop to 7-day larvae. On day 7, larvae were exposed to four experimental treatments and their combinations: two pCO2 treatments recreating present conditions (400 ppm), and conditions projected to the end of the century (RCP8.5, 1000 ppm), as well as two mining treatments corresponding to PMS particles (concentration 5 mg/L), and their leachates. Survival was monitored every 24h.
description: Experimental treatment: CTR: present pCO2, no mining; AC: end of century pCO2, no mining; CTR-SED: present pCO2 and PMS sediment; CTR-MET: present pCO2 and PMS leachates; AC-SED: end-of-century pCO2 and PMS sediment; AC-MET: end-of-century pCO2 and PMS leachatesCTR/present: pcO2 400 ppm; Low/end-of-century: pCO2 1000 ppmNo: No mining sediment; Sediment: sediment, metals only: metal leachates without sediment
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.964706
title: Six years of precipitation time series along an elevational transect in the Italian Alps
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.964707
title: Six years of snow height time series along an elevational transect in the Italian Alps
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.965098
title: Dissolution rates from a long-term multiple stressor aquarium experiment with the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum

description: We conducted a long-term (6 months) multiple driver aquarium experiment under future environmental conditions at St Abbs Marine Station (UK) with the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (syn. Desmophyllum pertusum) sampled from Tisler Reef (Skagerrak). The experiment with dead coral skeletons consisted of five different treatments to investigate the combined effect of ocean acidification, warming and deoxygenation on their skeletal dissolution: control (9 °C, pH 8.1, 100 % oxygen), multiple stressor (12 °C, pH 7.7, 90 % oxygen) and three different pCO2 levels (750, 1000 and 1250 ppm). The coral skeletons were weighed after 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 months using the buoyant weighing technique. Every treatment consisted of three replicate tanks with two dead coral skeletons.
description: This dataset covers only the first 6 months of the experiment. Updated versions of the related datasets covering the entire 12-month experimental period are published (2025) and available for preferred reuse and are referenced here.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-644
title: Campus scenes: studying in Alumni Memorial Park, USC, ca. 1977

description: Photograph of campus scenes: studying in Alumni Memorial Park, USC, ca. 1977. A student is reading a newspaper while lying down and resting his head against his book bag in Alumni Memorial park at the University of Southern California. A tree frames the scene at far left, casting a shadow on the lawn and student lying beneath it.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.966520
title: Effects of ocean acidification on larval swimming behaviour of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum

description: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the survival, development and swimming behaviour of embryos of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum (syn. Lophelia pertusa). Upon spawning, fertilized embryos were collected and exposed to two pCO2 treatments corresponding to present pCO2 conditions (400 ppm) and future pCO2 conditions predicted under scenario IPCC RCP8.5 for the end of the century (1000 ppm). We monitored survival daily and we measured swimming velocity on day 9 after spawning. Temperature and pH were measured every 24h, salinity was measured every other day, and water samples were collected during the first and last day of the experiment to determine total alkalinity (TA). This dataset includes data on the effects of ocean acidification on swimming velocity of larvae of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum. Embryos were exposed to two acidification (pCO2) treatments: present pCO2 conditions (400 ppm) and future pCO2 conditions predicted under RCP8.5 for the end of the century (1000 ppm). After rearing the embryos in the respective treatments for nine days, we recorded the swimming behaviour of larvae with a video camera. Videos were analyzed with manual particle tracking, and here we report the swimming velocity and total traveled distance of larvae in each experimental treatment.
description: Experimental treatment, CTR: present pCO2 400 ppm; AC: end-of-century pCO2 1000 ppm
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.914599
title: Experiment on performance of two invertebrate predators on warming and temperature variability: Energy uptake of Hemigrapsus takanoi and Asterias rubens

description: Energy uptake of H. takanoi and A. rubens during the experimental period (72 and 64 days, respectively) measured under 4 temperature conditions: ambient ('constant'), warm ('constant'), ambient sinusoidal and warm sinusoidal. The experiments were conducted from July to September 2017 in the Kiel Indoor Benthocosms (KIBs), at GEOMAR Kiel, Germany. The energy uptake was evaluated at different scales summing the energy uptake for the particular scale of interest: (i) large-scale as the overall sum of the energy uptake, (ii) small-scale (Phase) of 8-day wavelength, for 2-day feeding periods were energy was summed at minimum (Min), maximum (Max) and mean temperatures after minimum (Descending) or maximum (Ascending) during each sinusoidal temperature cycle, and (iii) medium-scale (Period) of 16 days, where energy uptake was summed for 'Pre-heat' (July 19th to August 4th), 'Heat' (August 4th to August 20th) and 'Post-heat' (August 20th to September 5th). To estimate energy uptake, A. rubens and H. takanoi were fed M. edulis mussels every second day. Each individual of A. rubens received five mussels of 25 to 35 mm size (total length). For H. takanoi, 20 mussels of 9 to 12mm were offered. For A. rubens, the shell of every consumed mussel was measured. In the case of H. takanoi, the average size (10.5 mm) of the mussels offered was taken for further estimated on energy uptake. A predictive relationship between soft tissue dry weight of mussels (g) and mussel length (mm) was used to calculate dry mass and energy uptake according to Brey et al., as 18.85 Joules per mg dry mass of mussels.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.966554
title: Deep-sea mining impacts on larval survival of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum

description: In this dataset, we report the results of an aquaria experiment aiming at determining the impacts of Polymetallic sulfide (PMS) plumes of varying concentrations created by deep-sea mining on larval survival of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum. Colonies of D. pertusum were collected in December 2022 and January 2023 at Tisler reef, at depths between 100-120 m. Adults were maintained in aquaria and after spawning, embryos were collected and left to develop to 7-day larvae. On day 7, larvae were exposed to four experimental treatments, recreating the potential effects of a PMS mining plume: two treatments contained PMS particles at concentrations of 2.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively, and another two contained only the leachates of PMS particle solutions corresponding to the aforementioned PMS particle concentrations. Temperature was maintained at 8-8.5 °C and pHT at 8.01. Survival was checked by counting surviving larvae after 24h of exposure.
description: Experimental treatment, PMS2.5 PMS sediment with concentration 2.5 mg/L, PMS5 PMS sediment with concentration 5 mg/L, LCH2.5: leachates from PMS solution of 2.5 mg/L, LCH5: leachates from PMS solution of 5 mg/L
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.930928
title: Experimental study on common starfish Asterias rubens to heatwaves and hypoxic upwelling: wet weight

description: Experimental study on the performance of the common starfish Asterias rubens subjected to heatwaves of different duration and amplitude (No, Present-day, Extended, Amplified and Amplified & Extended heatwave) followed by a hypoxic upwelling. The study was conducted at GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (54.329979 N, 10.148013 E) in the Indoor Benthocosms (Pansch and Hiebenthal 2019) over 63 days from July 10th until September 10th, 2018. The implemented treatments are based on a climatological analysis of a 15-year long data set (Pansch et al. 2018). Starfish individuals were weighed at the start of the experiment, during the heatwaves, in between heatwaves and the upwelling event, directly after the upwelling event and at the end of the experiment.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.967289
title: Water column raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 entire dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M191

description: Raw water column data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M191 using a Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 16.07.2923 – 05.08.2023 from Algeciras (Spain) to Piraeus (Greece) in the Mediterranean. The main objective of M191 was to extensively map the seafloor (with multibeam echo sounder, sediment echo sounder, and towed magnetometer) and sample (by chain bag dredging) unexplored volcanic structures along the Sicilian Channel Rift Zone (Pantelleria-, Malta- and Linosa-Graben) and the Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone (CGSFZ). Data were recorded in the Italian and Greek EEZ. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles.
description: These data should not be used for navigational purposes.
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-1002
title: Three female USC students having a chat, 1980

description: Photograph of three female USC students having a chat, 1980. In the foreground, three young female students can be seen having a chat and laughing. The girl at right is sitting atop of a cruiser-style bicycle with a cargo basket attached above the front wheel. Behind them, a large tree can be partly seen slightly out of focus.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.930926
title: Experimental study on common starfish Asterias rubens to heatwaves and hypoxic upwelling: survival

description: Experimental study on the performance of the common starfish Asterias rubens subjected to heatwaves of different duration and amplitude (No, Present-day, Extended, Amplified and Amplified & Extended heatwave) followed by a hypoxic upwelling. The study was conducted at GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (54.329979 N, 10.148013 E) in the Indoor Benthocosms (Pansch and Hiebenthal 2019) over 63 days from July 10th until September 10th, 2018. The implemented treatments are based on a climatological analysis of a 15-year long data set (Pansch et al. 2018). Starfish survival was checked every three days of the experiment.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.971311
title: Glacier mass balance Stubacher Sonnblickkees, Hohe Tauern Range, Eastern Alps, Austria, 2020/2021
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.971313
title: Glacier mass balance Stubacher Sonnblickkees, Hohe Tauern Range, Eastern Alps, Austria, 2022/2023
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.971312
title: Glacier mass balance Stubacher Sonnblickkees, Hohe Tauern Range, Eastern Alps, Austria, 2021/2022
DOI: 10.25549/uschist-c104-1010
title: Autumn Arts Festival, ca.1980

description: Photograph of a scene from the USC Autumn Arts Festival, ca.1980. In the foreground, at right, a young black woman is performing a dance which appears to be a belly dance. She is looking down at two boys who can be seen in the extreme foreground sitting on the grass and playing with each other. In the background, a group of spectators can be seen looking at the dancer. In the extreme background, two multistory buildings are visible slightly out of focus.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.971335
title: Salinity treatment for Arctic kelps
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.971336
title: Temperature treatment for Arctic kelps
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.967060
title: Response of Arctic mixed kelp communities in northern Norway to simulated heatwaves: a mesocosm study as per minute record

description: Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid environmental change with respect to warming. This is leading to an increased frequency, duration, and intensity of marine heatwaves. The impact of these stochastic heatwave events have the potential to negatively effect temperature-sensitive, habitat forming, kelp, that exist in the lower Arctic region. We tested the potential impacts of two heatwave events on mixed kelp communities occurring in the lower Arctic by conducting a 1-month ex situ mesocosm experiment in Tromsø, Norway. Each mesocosm was stocked with ~ 2.5 kg fw (fresh weight) of kelp, 200 g fw of snails and mussels, and ~ 750 g of sea urchins. Three experimental conditions were tested: a constant high temperature which was + 1.76°C above a dynamic control, and two heatwave scenarios. Scenario 1 was a long duration at + 2.8°C above the control for 2 weeks, and scenario 2 was a high frequency and magnitude treatment with conditions + 3.8°C above the control. This occurred at two peaks that were one weak apart and returned to + 1.76°C in-between. Three-hour incubations were performed to examine net community productivity (NCP) for the mixed kelp communities. We identified that both heatwave scenarios diminished the total gross production over the experimental period compared to the control and between scenario 1 and scenario 2. Scenario 1 appeared to exhibit the lowest total gross community production over the experimental period.