DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1d776fr
title: Data from: Between an ocean and a high place: coastal drainage isolation generates endemic cryptic species in the Cape Kurper Sandelia capensis (Anabantiformes: Anabantidae), Cape Region, South Africa

description: This study investigated the range-wide phylogenetics and biogeography of
 the Cape Kurper Sandelia capensis, a primary freshwater fish endemic to,
 and widespread within, the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa.
 Maximum likelihood, Bayesian phylogenetic, and haplotype network analyses,
 based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, revealed the existence
 of three reciprocally monophyletic, deeply divergent and allopatric clades
 that likely represent cryptic species. The West Coast Clade is largely
 confined to the Langvlei, Verlorenvlei, Berg, and Diep rivers, the Klein
 River Clade is endemic to the Klein River, and the South Coast Clade is
 found everywhere else in the range of S. capensis sensu lato. It was
 hypothesized that divergences within S. capensis sensu lato likely
 occurred because of (1) isolation of coastal drainages by persistent
 drainage divides and/or (2) vicariance of current tributaries by the
 drowning of their confluences by high sea levels. The current distribution
 of lineages could be due to historical range expansion and gene flow via
 (1) river capture or some other mode of transdivide dispersal, and/or (2)
 dispersal during periods of low sea level via paleoriver confluences of
 currently isolated coastal rivers. Comparison of BEAST2 estimated
 divergence times with the timing of climatic, geological, and
 geomorphological events supported long-term coastal drainage isolation,
 punctuated by rare transdivide dispersal events and limited paleoriver
 dispersal, as the best explanation of current phylogeographic and
 divergence patterns in S. capensis. Hydrological barriers that block
 upstream passage in palaeotributaries could hypothetically explain why S.
 capensis failed to disperse through certain palaeoriver confluences. There
 were several sites where biogeographic patterns have likely been
 confounded by human translocation of S. capensis. Alien fish predators and
 water extraction may threaten the three cryptic species more severely than
 previously realized, due to their smaller population sizes and
 inhabitation of only a portion of the range previously ascribed to S.
 capensis sensu lato. The preponderance of cryptic diversity and endemism
 in the CFR suggests that additional undescribed cryptic species of
 obligate freshwater fishes may be found in short coastal river systems
 around the world, especially in regions with a history of geological
 stability and a narrow continental shelf.
description: Cytochrome b alignment
 for Sandelia capensisThis is an alignment of
 cytochrome b sequences from 100 individuals spread throughout the
 geographic range of Sandelia capensis, a freshwater fish endemic to the
 coastal streams of South Africa.Cytochrome b alignment Sandelia
 capensis.fastaCOI alignment Sandelia
 capensisThis is an alignment of
 COI sequences from 100 individuals spread throughout the geographic range
 of Sandelia capensis, a freshwater fish endemic to the coastal streams of
 South Africa.S7 alignment Sandelia
 capensisThis is an alignment of
 S7 sequences from 36 individuals spread throughout the geographic range of
 Sandelia capensis, a freshwater fish endemic to the coastal streams of
 South Africa.Calmodulin 4 alignment
 Sandelia capensisThis is an alignment of
 calmodulin intron 4 sequences from 37 individuals spread throughout the
 geographic range of Sandelia capensis, a freshwater fish endemic to the
 coastal streams of South Africa.