DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvfh
title: Gut microbial metabolites reveal diet-dependent metabolic changes induced by nicotine administration

description: The gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor that potentially
 influences various physiological functions and pathophysiological
 processes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating
 evidence from human and animal studies suggests that gut microbial
 metabolites play a critical role as integral molecules in host–microbe
 interactions. Notably, several dietary environment-dependent fatty acid
 metabolites have been recognized as potent modulators of host metabolic
 homeostasis. More recently, nicotine, the primary active molecule in
 tobacco, has been shown to potentially affect host metabolism through
 alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, the
 mechanisms underlying the interplay between host nutritional status,
 diet-derived microbial metabolites, and metabolic homeostasis during
 nicotine exposure remain unclear. Our findings revealed that nicotine
 administration had potential effects on weight regulation and metabolic
 phenotype, independent of reduced caloric intake. Moreover,
 nicotine-induced body weight suppression is associated with specific
 changes in gut microbial composition, including Lactobacillus spp., and
 KetoB, a nicotine-sensitive gut microbiota metabolite, which could be
 linked to changes in host body weight, suggesting its potential role in
 modulating host metabolism. Our findings highlight the remarkable impact
 of the interplay between nutritional control and the gut environment on
 host metabolism during smoking and smoking cessation.
description: Fecal samples were collected from
 mice treated with nicotine under normal diet or high-fat diet feeding
 condition. Fecal DNA was extracted using the FastDNA® SPIN Kit for Feces.
 Sequencing of the amplicons was carried out on an Illumina MiSeq
 instrument with a MiSeq Reagent Kit V3, following established protocols.
 Read processing and quality filtering were performed using Quantitative
 Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) version 1.9.1. and aligned with
 the SILVA database (http://www.arb-silva.de) at the Unclassified level. 
description: # Gut microbial metabolites reveal diet-dependent metabolic changes
 induced by nicotine administration
 1. Analysis of gut
 microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing following with nicotine
 administration by intraperitoneal injection. At 7 weeks of age, the male
 mice with comparable average body weight were divided into two groups: the
 normal diet (ND) group and the high-fat diet (HFD) group (D12492, 60% kcal
 fat; Research Diets, Inc., NJ, USA) and received twice daily injections of
 nicotine (0.75 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal administration) or
 saline for 4 weeks. 2. Analysis of gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene
 sequencing following with nicotine administration by drinking water. At 7
 weeks of age, the male mice received a nicotine solution (200 mg/mL in 2%
 saccharin vehicle) in drinking water during the 4-week period of HFD
 exposure. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using
 dual-indexed primers. Sequencing of the amplicons was carried out on an
 Illumina MiSeq instrument with a MiSeq Reagent Kit V3 (Illumina, San
 Diego, CA, USA). Description of the data and file structure 1\) Analysis
 of gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing followed with nicotine
 administration by intraperitoneal injection 1\) Fecal DNA from mice fed
 normal diet (ND) Vehicle control group (n = 8) DRR493554 *
 DRR493554_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493554_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493555 *
 DRR493555_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493555_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493556 *
 DRR493556_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493556_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493557 *
 DRR493557_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493557_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493558 *
 DRR493558_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493558_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493559 *
 DRR493559_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493559_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493560 *
 DRR493560_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493560_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493561 *
 DRR493561_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493561_2.fastq.bz2 Nicotine administered group
 (n = 8) DRR493562 * DRR493562_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493562_2.fastq.bz2
 DRR493563 * DRR493563_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493563_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493564 *
 DRR493564_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493564_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493565 *
 DRR493565_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493565_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493566 *
 DRR493566_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493566_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493567 *
 DRR493567_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493567_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493568 *
 DRR493568_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493568_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493569 *
 DRR493569_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493569_2.fastq.bz2 2\)  Fecal DNA from mice fed
 high-fat diet (HFD) Vehicle control group (n = 8) DRR493570 *
 DRR493570_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493570_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493571 *
 DRR493571_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493571_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493572 *
 DRR493572_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493572_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493573 *
 DRR493573_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493573_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493574 *
 DRR493574_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493574_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493575 *
 DRR493575_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493575_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493576 *
 DRR493576_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493576_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493577 *
 DRR493577_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493577_2.fastq.bz2 Nicotine administered group
 (n = 8) DRR493578 * DRR493578_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493578_2.fastq.bz2
 DRR493579 * DRR493579_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493579_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493580 *
 DRR493580_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493580_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493581 *
 DRR493581_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493581_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493582 *
 DRR493582_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493582_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493583 *
 DRR493583_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493583_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493584 *
 DRR493584_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493584_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493585 *
 DRR493585_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493585_2.fastq.bz2 2\) Analysis of gut
 microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing following with nicotine
 administration by drinking water 1\) Vehicle control group (n = 8)
 DRR493586 * DRR493586_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493586_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493587 *
 DRR493587_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493587_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493588 *
 DRR493588_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493588_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493589 *
 DRR493589_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493589_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493590 *
 DRR493590_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493590_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493591 *
 DRR493591_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493591_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493592 *
 DRR493592_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493592_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493593 *
 DRR493593_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493593_2.fastq.bz2 2\) 2% Saccharin group (n =
 8) DRR493594 * DRR493594_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493594_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493595 *
 DRR493595_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493595_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493596 *
 DRR493596_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493596_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493597 *
 DRR493597_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493597_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493598 *
 DRR493598_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493598_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493599 *
 DRR493599_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493599_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493600 *
 DRR493600_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493600_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493601 *
 DRR493601_1.fastq.bz2 * DRR493601_2.fastq.bz2 3\) 2% Saccharin with 200
 μg/mL nicotine group (n = 8) DRR493602 * DRR493602_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493602_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493603 * DRR493603_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493603_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493604 * DRR493604_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493604_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493605 * DRR493605_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493605_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493606 * DRR493606_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493606_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493607 * DRR493607_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493607_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493608 * DRR493608_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493608_2.fastq.bz2 DRR493609 * DRR493609_1.fastq.bz2 *
 DRR493609_2.fastq.bz2