cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0kq
title: The highest acidification risk is not at the acidest region: Results from soil’s and leave’s responses across a 3,300 km gradient of wet deposition

description: Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition-induced-ecosystem’s acidification
 has been broadly explored in hotspot regions. In contrast,
 ecosystems' sensitivity or risk were untested both at the organ level
 and across the natural deposited gradient. In this study, we examined the
 foliar pH of dominant woody plants and soil pH from 27 sites across a
 3,300 km precipitation and deposition gradient in China. Significant
 relationships were observed in the humid and sub-humid regions between the
 response ratio of foliar pH (lnRRL) or soil pH (lnRRS) and acidic
 deposition. Acidic deposition’s negative effects on lnRRL disappeared in
 the semi-arid and arid regions but still occurred on lnRRS in the
 semi-arid region. Scaling exponents relating lnRRL to S&N
 deposition and lnRRS to S&N deposition were much higher in the
 humid region (-0.738 ~ -0.356) than in the sub-humid region (-2.774 ~
 -1.935). The response ratio (lnRR) exhibited a sigmoid-shaped curve along
 the acidic deposition gradient, but the R2 of 0.936 for lnRRS was much
 higher than the R2 of 0.356 for lnRRL. We conclude that: the sub-humid
 region has higher ecosystem susceptibility or risk to acidic stress, while
 the humid region with the highest deposition maintains a relative
 acidification equilibrium; soils are more responsive to S and N inputs,
 while leaves pose a lagged and weaker response to acidic deposition. Our
 findings provide a predictive understanding of how plant leaves respond to
 acidic deposition across natural depositional gradients, which can help
 policy-makers structure a sustainable management approach that aims to
 mitigate future acidic risk.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp6f
title: Ecological signal in the size and shape of marine amniote teeth – 3D models and landmarks

description: Amniotes have been a major component of marine trophic chains from the
 beginning of the Triassic to present day, with hundreds of species.
 However, inferences of their (palaeo)ecology have mostly been qualitative,
 making it difficult to track how dietary niches have changed through time
 and across clades. Here, we tackle this issue by applying a novel
 geometric morphometric protocol to 3D models of tooth crowns across a wide
 range of raptorial marine amniotes. Our results highlight the
 phenomenon of dental simplification and widespread convergence in marine
 amniotes, implying strong functional constraints which limit the range of
 tooth crown morphologies. Importantly, we quantitatively
 demonstrate that tooth crown form (shape plus size) is strongly
 associated with diet, whereas crown surface complexity is not. The maximal
 range of tooth shapes in both mammals and reptiles is seen in medium-sized
 taxa; large crowns are simple and restricted to a fraction of the
 morphospace. We recognise four principle raptorial guilds within
 toothed marine amniotes (durophages, generalists, meat cutters, and flesh
 piercers). Moreover, even though all these feeding guilds have been
 convergently colonised over the last 200 million years, a series of dental
 morphologies are unique to the Mesozoic period, probably reflecting a
 distinct ecosystem structure.
description: 3D models of tooth crowns from high-precision surface scanners.
 See article and supplementary information for further details. 
description: All freeware: R, meshlab.
DOI: 10.5878/aza0-e057
title: The Regional Western Sweden SOM Survey 2017
title: Den västsvenska SOM-undersökningen 2017

description: Western SOM has been conducted yearly since 1992, but was initially limited to residents of Gothenburg and its surrounding municipalities. In 1998, the survey was extended to include the entire Västra Götaland County plus the municipality of Kungsbacka.

The purpose of the regional surveys is to enable SOM researchers to study attitudes and behaviour linked to local and regional issues. They emphasise public services and media, although many of the questions are identical with those used in National SOM in order to make the answers comparable both between the regions and with Sweden at large.
description: Väst-SOM har genomförts varje höst sedan 1992. Fram till 1997 omfattade studien Göteborg med kranskommuner. Undersökningen utökades sedan till att omfatta hela Västra Götalands län samt Kungsbacka kommun. Väst-SOM genomförs i samverkan med Västra Götalandsregionen och är en del av regionens långsiktiga utvärderingsarbete.

Flertalet frågor har ställts i många år och svaren bidrar till att bibehålla tidsserier som sträcker sig från undersökningens början 1992. Frågorna har tonvikt på attityder och beteenden inom områdena offentlig service och medier. Många av frågorna är identiska med frågor i den nationella SOM-undersökningen vilket ger möjlighet att jämföra data både på regional och på nationell nivå.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5s7
title: Data from: What ecological factors favor parthenogenesis over sexual reproduction? A study on the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites muticus in natural populations

description: Different reproductive modes are characterized by costs and benefits which
 depend on ecological contexts. For example, sex can provide benefits under
 complex biotic interactions, while its costs increase under mate
 limitation. Furthermore, ecological contexts often vary along abiotic
 gradients. Here, we study how these factors simultaneously influence the
 frequency of sex in the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites
 muticus . We first verified that parthenogenesis translates into
 female-biased population sex ratios. We then measured the density of
 individuals (a proxy for mate limitation) and community diversity (biotic
 interaction complexity) for 159 A. muticus populations covering a broad
 altitudinal gradient and used structural equation modeling to investigate
 their direct and indirect influences on sex ratios. We found no effect of
 community diversity or altitude on sex ratios. Furthermore, even when
 females can reproduce parthenogenetically, they generally reproduce
 sexually, indicating that the benefits of sex exceed its costs in most
 situations. Sex ratios only become female-biased under low population
 densities, as expected if mate limitation was the main factor selecting
 for parthenogenesis. Mate limitation might be widespread in mayflies
 because of their short adult lifespan and limited dispersal, which can
 generate strong selection for reproductive assurance and may provide a
 stepping-stone towards obligate parthenogenesis.
description: We used samples of <em>Alainites
 muticus</em> from 159 sites (<em>i.e.</em>,
 populations). These samples stem from a biodiversity monitoring survey
 performed at about 500 sites across Switzerland, following the IBCH
 method. In addition, 20 of
 these populations have been resampled to first verified that
 parthenogenesis translates into female-biased sex ratios in natural
 populations.<br>
description: Programs/Software required to open the data files : Adobe Acrobat
 (.pdf file), TextEdit (.txt and .rtf files) and R software (.R
 files).
DOI: 10.5878/e07x-z452
title: The Regional Western Sweden SOM Survey 2017
title: Den västsvenska SOM-undersökningen 2017

description: Western SOM has been conducted yearly since 1992, but was initially limited to residents of Gothenburg and its surrounding municipalities. In 1998, the survey was extended to include the entire Västra Götaland County plus the municipality of Kungsbacka.

The purpose of the regional surveys is to enable SOM researchers to study attitudes and behaviour linked to local and regional issues. They emphasise public services and media, although many of the questions are identical with those used in National SOM in order to make the answers comparable both between the regions and with Sweden at large.
description: Väst-SOM har genomförts varje höst sedan 1992. Fram till 1997 omfattade studien Göteborg med kranskommuner. Undersökningen utökades sedan till att omfatta hela Västra Götalands län samt Kungsbacka kommun. Väst-SOM genomförs i samverkan med Västra Götalandsregionen och är en del av regionens långsiktiga utvärderingsarbete.

Flertalet frågor har ställts i många år och svaren bidrar till att bibehålla tidsserier som sträcker sig från undersökningens början 1992. Frågorna har tonvikt på attityder och beteenden inom områdena offentlig service och medier. Många av frågorna är identiska med frågor i den nationella SOM-undersökningen vilket ger möjlighet att jämföra data både på regional och på nationell nivå.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3q6
title: Data from on-farm trials of the InnovAfrica project in the South African case country

description: The data set were generated through on-farm field trials that were
 established in Maluti-a-Phofung municipality, situated in the eastern Free
 State province of South Africa as part of a project entitled"
 Innovations in Technology, Institutional and Extension Approaches towards
 Sustainable Agriculture and enhanced Food and Nutrition Security in Africa
 (Acronym-InnovAfrica)". This project was implemented by a consortium
 of 16 institutions from Africa and Europe continents across six African
 countries (viz. Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and
 Tanzania) from June 2017 to November 2021. Farmer-led trials were
 established for three planting seasons (2017/2018 to 2019/2020) to
 demonstrate, test and upscale the best-bet sustainable agricultural
 intensification practices for improved food and nutrition security in
 smallholder settings.
description: The main treatments evaluated were the sole maize, sole dry
 beans, maize-beans intercropping combined with locally available improved
 seeds and good agronomic practices using a split-plot design with no
 replicates. Maize was planted as soon as possible after the rains on-set
 (Mid-November to Mid-December) while dry beans were planted from
 Mid-November to Mid-January. The 3:2:1 (28) fertilizer was applied at 200
 kg/ha to supply essential plant nutrients. The spacing of 90 cm between
 rows, 25 cm between plants, and 2 seeds per hole for maize which was
 thinned to 1 plant per station after emergence was used. The spacing of 90
 cm between rows, 5 cm between stations, and 1 seed per station was used
 for dry beans. The Metolachlor was applied as a pre-emergence herbicide
 during planting to suppress the weeds and prevent weed competition during
 the first 6 to 8 weeks after emergence. A tractor-drawn planter was used
 for seeding, fertilization, spraying of pesticides and herbicides during
 planting where possible. Weeding was done manually using hand hoes and all
 plots were harvested at maturity. Soil samples were collected before each
 planting season for fertility analysis. In addition, climate data were
 acquired from the nearby weather stations of the Agricultural Research
 Council. Data were first collected using paper-based printed farmer’ field
 books and later compiled in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
description: Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet Software
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g79cnp5s8
title: No evidence that lionfish Pterois miles coordinate and reciprocate during hunts

description: Collaborative hunting can be defined as predators coordinating their
 movements in time and space, assuming different roles in catching prey. As
 lionfishes are naturally solitary hunters; an experimental study
 documenting active recruitment, coordination and alternating (potentially
 reciprocal) striking in dwarf lionfish Dendrochirus zebra received major
 attention. A hypothesis was that collaborative hunting may contribute to
 the successful invasion of another lionfish species, Pterois miles, in the
 Caribbean. A first study on P. miles in the native range, the Red Sea did
 not find evidence for any recruitment signaling. Here, we expand on these
 results, testing for coordinated movements and for alternation in strikes.
 We exposed subject pairs to inaccessible prey in three transparent
 housings. The two lionfish did not aggregate at the same prey housing or
 even share larger space units in the presence of prey. In a second
 experiment, we found that some alternation can be induced if prey items
 become alternatingly accessible at two corners, with each lionfish tending
 to monopolise one corner each. When the movement of prey is slow or even
 absent, we observed less alternation than expected by chance. In
 conclusion, P. miles in the Red Sea does not use any coordination to hunt
 prey.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pkbk
title: Temporal population structure, a genetic dating method for ancient Eurasian genomes from the past 10,000 years

description: Radiocarbon dating is the gold standard in archeology to estimate the age
 of skeletons, a key to studying their origins. Many published ancient
 genomes lack reliable and direct dates, which results in obscure and
 contradictory reports. Here, we developed the Temporal Population
 Structure (TPS), the first DNA-based dating method for ancient genomes
 ranging from the Late Mesolithic to modern-days, and applied it to 3,591
 ancient and 1,307 modern Eurasians. We show that TPS predictions align
 with their known dates and correctly account for kin relationships. TPS
 dating of poorly dated Eurasian samples resolved conflicting reports in
 the literature, as illustrated by one test case. We demonstrated how TPS
 improved the ability to study phenotypic traits over time.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2bvq83bt0
title: Validation of the best bet Urochloa (Brachiaria) grass cultivars for increasing feed availability and improve livestock productivity in selected sites in Kenya

description: The trials were carried out at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock
 Research Organization's Centre Mwea and Kamweti Agricultural Training
 Centre (ATC), both in Kirinyaga County.
description: Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design
 with 4 Urochloa grass varieties and 1 local check (Rhodes grass),
 replicated 3 times. Data collection was carried out 16 weeks after
 seedling emergence with the first harvest being the standardization cut.
 For each plot, a 4 square metre quadrant was selected. Within the
 quadrant, the height of 4 randomly selected plants was measured using a 1
 m ruler. The number of tillers per plant was measured by counting the
 number of tillers from 4 randomly selected plants within the 4 square
 metre quadrant. For each plot, the grass within the 4 square metre
 quadrant was cut at a height of about 5 cm above the ground and the fresh
 material weighed.  A sub-sample of about 500g was taken, then dried at 105
 degrees Celsius for 48 hours and weighed for dry matter
 determination. Subsequent data collection was carried out after every 8
 weeks. For each plot, the mean plant height and mean number of tillers was
 derived through the "Average function" of MicroSoft Excel. The
 dry matter yield was calculated from the weight of dry sub-sample, fresh
 sub-sample and the main sample and then converted to kilogrammes per
 hectare.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2bvq83bt1
title: Impact of warmer and drier conditions on tree photosynthetic properties and the role of species interactions

description: Increased temperature and prolonged soil moisture reduction have distinct
 impacts on tree photosynthetic properties. Yet, our knowledge of their
 combined effect is limited. Moreover, how species interactions alter
 photosynthetic responses to warming and moisture reduction remains
 unclear.  Using mesocosms, we studied how photosynthetic
 properties of European beech and downy oak were impacted by multi-year
 warming and moisture reduction alone or combined, and how species
 interactions (intra- vs. interspecific interactions) modulated these
 effects. Warming of +5°C enhanced photosynthetic properties in oak but not
 beech, while moisture reduction decreased them in both species. Combined
 warming and moisture reduction reduced photosynthetic properties for both
 species, but no exacerbated effects were observed. Oak was less impacted
 by combined warming and moisture reduction when interacting with beech
 than in intraspecific stands. For beech, species interactions had no
 impact on the photosynthetic responses to warming and moisture reduction,
 alone or combined. Warming had either no or beneficial effects on the
 photosynthetic properties, while moisture reduction and their combined
 effects strongly reduced photosynthetic responses in both species.
 However, interspecific interactions can mitigate the negative impacts of
 the combined warming and moisture reduction in oak, thereby highlighting
 the need to deepen our understanding of interspecific interactions under
 climate change.
description: Five photosynthetic properties, including light‐saturated
 assimilation (A<sub>max</sub>), maximal carboxylation rate
 (Vc<sub>max</sub>), maximal photosynthetic electron transport
 rate (J<sub>max</sub>), maximal photochemical efficiency
 (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>), and chlorophyll
 concentration (Chl) were measured on 96 seedlings of European beech and
 downy oak trees grown in monoculture and in mixture. Measurement were done
 at the beginning, middle and late growing season during three years (from
 2019 to 2021). During the first campaign of measurement, the trees did not
 exerce any climatic treatment, and afterward, a fully crossed combination
 of two air temperature and soil moisture regimes started. The measurements
 were carried out between 9 am to 4 pm when the trees were the most active,
 excluding periods of midday stomatal closure if they occurred (mostly
 between 12am and 2pm in the middle of the growing season).
description: Excel files or R studio can open the datafiles included with the
 submission
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1vt6
title: Preparation and tribological properties of multi-layer graphene/silicon dioxide composites-based solid lubricant coatings at elevated temperatures

description: The solid lubricating coatings have an important role in hot metal
 forming. However, traditional lubricants can’t be applied to the harsh
 working conditions. In this investigation, the novel solid lubricant
 coatings including multi-layer graphene (MLG)/silicon dioxide (SiO2)
 composites and sodium metaphosphate phosphate were prepared. The
 high-temperature tribological properties of the solid lubricant coatings
 were investigated by friction and wear tester. The experimental results
 showed that SiO2 nanoparticles were evenly grafted by sol–gel method on
 the surface of MLG, forming MLG/SiO2 composites. MLG/SiO2 composites were
 presented excellent thermal stability at 800°C. In the range of 400–800°C,
 the average coefficient of frictions (COFs) were decreased from 0.3936 to
 0.3663, and then increased from 0.3663 to 0.4226. Based on the analysis of
 wear scar, the lubrication mechanisms of the solid lubricating coatings
 were proposed. The low interlayer shear of MLG and the ball bearing of
 SiO2 nanoparticles are the main reason for the reduction of COFs. In
 addition, the tribo-chemical reaction film formed on the frictional
 interface could protect the contact surfaces from severe damages. The
 findings would be beneficial for developing novel lubricants for hot metal
 forming process.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63z17
title: Data for: A structure-based mechanism for displacement of the HEXIM adapter from 7SK small nuclear RNA

description: Productive transcriptional elongation of many cellular and viral mRNAs
 requires transcriptional factors to extract pTEFb from the 7SK snRNP by
 modulating the association between the HEXIM protein and the 7SK snRNA.
  Here we report the structure of the HEXIM arginine-rich motif in
 complex with the apical stemloop-1 of 7SK (7SK-SL1apical) and detail how
 the HIV transcriptional regulator Tat from various subtypes overcome the
 structural constraints required to displace HEXIM. While most interactions
 between 7SK and HEXIM and Tat are similar, critical differences exist that
 guide function. First, the conformational plasticity of 7SK enables the
 formation of three different base pair configurations at a critical
 remodeling site, which allows for the modulation required for HEXIM
 binding and its subsequent displacement by Tat. Furthermore, the specific
 sequence variations observed in various Tat subtypes all converge on
 remodeling 7SK at this region. Second, we show that HEXIM primes its own
 displacement by causing specific local destabilization upon binding — a
 feature that is then exploited by Tat to bind 7SK more efficiently.
 Overall, our study details the molecular environment presented by HEXIM
 and uncovers a destabilization-driven displacement strategy that increases
 the conformational sampling of 7SK-snRNP, which may allow diverse
 transcriptional factors to competitively regulate pTEFb.
description: Isothermal titration calorimetry:
 Binding constants for the interactions of
 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup> with the
 HEXIM<sup>N-ARM</sup> and Tat<sup>Fin</sup> and
 Tat<sup>G</sup> ARMs and full-length
 HEXIM<sub>1</sub> with 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup>, 7SK-SL1<sup>Full-WT</sup>, and 7SK-SL1<sup>Full-AGU</sup> were measured using an ITC-200 microcalorimeter (MicroCal). 68 μM HEXIMN-ARM peptide was titrated into 5 μM solutions of 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup> or 7SK-SL1<sup>apical</sup><sup>ΔASM</sup> in 10 mM sodium phosphate, 70 mM NaCl, 0.1mM EDTA, pH 5.2 at 25 °C. Titrations of Tat ARMs into 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup> or 7SK-SL1<sup>apical</sup><sup>ΔASM</sup> were also performed in the same buffer conditions as the HEXIMN-ARM titration although the Tat ARM concentration was at 2.5 μM and the 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup> concentration was at 45 μM. Titrations with full-length HEXIM1 were done at 100 μM of HEXIM1 into 3 μM of either 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup>, 7SK-SL1<sup>Full-WT</sup>, and 7SK-SL1<sup>apical-AGU</sup> in a buffer of 25mM HEPES pH 7.5, 200mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, and 1mM TCEP. Titration curves were analyzed using ORIGIN (OriginLab) and all thermodynamic parameters are reported with n=3 experiments.
description: Excel, Origin
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cfxpnvx84
title: Pollinators, pests and yield – multiple trade-offs from insecticide use in a mass-flowering crop

description: Multiple trade-offs are likely to occur between pesticide use, pollinators
 and yield (via crop flowers) in pollinator-dependent, mass-flowering crops
 (MFCs), causing potential conflict between conservation and agronomic
 goals. To date, no studies have looked at both outcomes within the same
 system, meaning ‘win-win solutions’ for pollinators and yield can only be
 inferred. Here, we outline a new framework to explore these trade-offs,
 using red clover (Trifolium pratense) grown for seed production as an
 example. Specifically, we address how the insecticide thiacloprid affects
 densities of seed-eating weevils (Protapion spp.), pollination rates,
 yield, floral resources and colony dynamics of the key pollinator, Bombus
 terrestris. Thiacloprid did not affect the amount of nectar provided by,
 or pollinator visitation to, red clover flowers but did reduce weevil
 density, correlating to increased yield and gross profit. Colonies of B.
 terrestris significantly increased their weight and reproductive output in
 landscapes with (compared to without) red clover, regardless of
 insecticide use. Synthesis and Applications: We propose a
 holistic, conceptual framework to explore trade-offs between pollinators,
 pesticides and yield that we believe to be essential for achieving
 conservation and agronomic goals. This framework applies to all
 insecticide-treated mass-flowering crops (MFCs) and can be adapted to
 include other ecological processes. Trialling the framework in our study
 system, we found that our focal insecticide, thiacloprid, improved red
 clover seed yield with no detected effects on its key pollinator Bombus
 terrestris and that the presence of red clover in the landscape can
 benefit pollinator populations.