cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5880/wsm.greatbritainireland2022
title: Stress Map of Great Britain and Ireland 2022

description: Stress maps show the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In stress maps SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org. The stress map of Great Britain and Ireland 2022 is based on the WSM database release 2016. All data records have been checked and we added a number of new data from earthquake focal mechanisms from the national earthquake catalog and borehole data. The number of data records has increased from n=377 in the WSM 2016 to n=474 in this map. Some locations and assigned quality of WSM 2016 data were corrected due to new information. The digital version of the map is a layered pdf generated with GMT (Wessel et al., 2019) using the topography of Tozer et al. (2019). We also provide on a regular 0.1° grid values of the mean SHmax orientation which have a standard deviation &lt; 25°. The mean SHmax orientation is estimated using the tool stress2grid of Ziegler and Heidbach (2019). For this estimation we used only data records with A-C quality and applied weights according to data quality and distance to the grid points. The stress map is available at the landing page of the GFZ Data Services at http://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.GreatBritainIreland2022 where further information is provided.
description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2021.011
title: HILLSCAPE Project - Data on moraine soil properties and on overland flow and subsurface flow characteristics

description: The German-Swiss Hillscape project focuses on the vertical and lateral redistribution of water and matter along hillslopes and how this redistribution is affected by soil, vegetation and landscape development. The overall research question of the project is: How does the hillslope feedback cycle evolve in the first 10,000 years and how is this related to the evolution of hillslope structure? In order to tackle this research question, chronosequences in alpine glacier forelands were selected and artificial rainfall experiments were conducted. These datasets specifically contain data at the interface of sediment transport and hillslope hydrology. Specifically, they contain data about changes in soil surface characteristics (saturated hydraulic conductivity for three soil depths, soil aggregate stability for the surface soil layer), overland and shallow subsurface flow (runoff characteristics as peak flow rates, duration of flow, runoff ratios, event water fractions) and sediment yield values for overland flow along the moraine chronosequence. We measured the near-surface hydrological characteristics of four moraines with different age on a carbonate glacier foreland (forefield of the Griessfirn, close to the Klausenpass alpine road) and silicate glacier foreland (glacier forefield of the Steingletscher, close to the Sustenpass alpine road). The ages of the four moraines were ~30, ~160, ~3000 and ~10000 years (Sustenpass) and ~80, ~160, 4900 and 13500 years (Klausenpass). We selected 3 plots (dimensions: 4m x 6m) on each moraine, based on the vegetation complexity (low, medium and high), to cover as much of the potential variability within each moraine as possible. The structural vegetation complexity was based on the vegetation cover, number of different species, and functional diversity (based on stem growth form, root type, clonal growth organ, seed mass, Raunkiaer’s life form, leaf dry matter content, nitrogen content and specific leaf area (Garnier et al., 2016). We measured the near-surface hydrological properties of each plot (the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil aggregate stability) because the properties are essential for the runoff response on each plot. The runoff response and its characteristics for each plot was determined for sprinkling experiments of different intensities and during natural rainfall events (only at Klausenpass). We used tracers (Deuteriumoxid and NaCl) that we added to the sprinkling water and took samples of the soil water, then rainfall and the runoff to perform a 3-end-member hydrograph separation, using the method of Gibson et al. (2000). With that, we were able to identify the mixing (e.g. event water fraction), storage and flow pathways of the overland flow and subsurface flow. We filtered the overland flow samples to define the total sediment flux per experiment.
DOI: 10.5880/gfz.3.1.2022.003
title: Spatial and temporal changes of pressure and CO2 concentration in isolated borehole sections in the marginal area of a cavernous structure - an underground in-situ study in rock salts

description: We present a dataset of in-situ measurements in the marginal area of a CO2- and brine-rich cavernous structure in an underground salt mine. The data were collected within the framework of the BMBF-project ProSalz. One aim was to reveal the sources and dynamics of fluid movement as well as temporal and spatial distribution of fluids in a potentially weakened cavern rim. Over a period of three years pressure and gas monitoring was carried out along a transect from a cavernous structure to undisturbed rock salt. In addition, temperature and relative humidity data from the underground gallery were recorded. The gas inflow into isolated borehole sections provided an insight into short- and long-term changes of gas migration patterns in rock salt. Pressure increases of up to 4kPa/day and CO2 concentrations of up to 1.2%, especially at the start of the campaign were measured. The gas migration is coupled to discrete fractures and was limited spatially and temporary. Overall, gas occurrences were not correlated to their distance to the cavern, suggesting no wide-ranging fluid-rock interaction within the rim of the investigated natural cavernous structure in rock salt.
description: The gas pressures in C1, B3, B6, B10A and B10B were measured with pressure sensors (Greisinger) connected to the packer system. The data were recorded with a data logger (ADL-MX Advanced Datalogger, Meier-NT). The humidity and temperature data were recorded using a humidity sensor (Galltec + Mela). The gases were collected underground in sampling bags (calibrated instruments), and analysed in the lab using an OmniStar mass spectrometer (Pfeiffer).
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2019.016
title: The DTU geoid based on spherical FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel for the Colorado Experiment: ColFFTWG-DTU2019

description: The ColFFTWG-DTU2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 250°E ≤ longitude ≤ 258°E, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation was performed by the GRAVSOFT package in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure. XGM2016 was used up to degree and order 360 as global gravity model, and SRTM v4.1 was used for the residual terrain reductions at 3″ resolution for both airborne and terrestrial data, computed from a 9″ mean model. The linear Prey term approximation was applied for the harmonic correction of surface gravity points below the mean elevation surface (Forsberg and Tscherning, 1981). The reduced airborne gravity data were downward continued and gridded, together with surface gravimetry, at the terrain surface using 3D Least-Squares Collocation with planar logarithmic covariance function (Forsberg, 1987). The resulting 1'x1' grid was converted to a residual quasi-geoid by spherical FFT, using a Wong-Gore modified Stokes kernel, with a low-wavelength cut-off transition band at harmonic degrees 180-190, to keep the GOCE information unchanged up to this degree. Residual terrain effects and the XGM2016 contribution were restored to obtain the final gravimetric quasi-geoid, and the geoid was obtained by adding the classical separation term (Heiskanen and Moritz, 1967). The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.7 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2019.015
title: The DTU quasi-geoid based on spherical FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel for the Colorado Experiment: ColFFTWG-DTU2019

description: The ColFFTWG-DTU2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 250°E ≤ longitude ≤ 258°E, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation was performed by the GRAVSOFT package in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure. XGM2016 was used up to degree and order 360 as global gravity model, and SRTM v4.1 was used for the residual terrain reductions at 3″ resolution for both airborne and terrestrial data, computed from a 9″ mean model. The linear Prey term approximation was applied for the harmonic correction of surface gravity points below the mean elevation surface (Forsberg and Tscherning, 1981). The reduced airborne gravity data were downward continued and gridded, together with surface gravimetry, at the terrain surface using 3D Least-Squares Collocation with planar logarithmic covariance function (Forsberg, 1987). The resulting 1'x1' grid was converted to a residual quasi-geoid by spherical FFT, using a Wong-Gore modified Stokes kernel, with a low-wavelength cut-off transition band at harmonic degrees 180-190, to keep the GOCE information unchanged up to this degree. Residual terrain effects and the XGM2016 contribution were restored to obtain the final gravimetric quasi-geoid. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 3.1 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2019.011
title: The GSI-DTU quasi-geoid based on the UNB Stokes-Helmert scheme for the Colorado Experiment: ColUNBSH-GSI2019

description: The ColUNBSH-GSI2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) in cooperation with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 109°W ≤ longitude ≤ 103°W, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Terrestrial and airborne gravity data are combined and gridded by least-squares collocation with the planar logarithmic covariance model. The resulting grid of free-air gravity anomalies is converted into Helmert gravity anomalies by applying the spherical topographic reduction and the analytical downward continuation with Helmert's second method of condensation. The computation method is based on the remove-compute-restore technique, using XGM2016 up to degree and order 719 as the reference global gravity model. In particular, the geoid model is computed by Stokes integration of residual Helmert gravity anomalies with the hybrid Meissl-Molodensky modified spheroidal Stokes kernel (UNB Stokes-Helmert scheme). Finally, the quasi-geoid model is obtained by subtracting the classical geoid/quasi-geoid separation term from the geoid model. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.9 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2021.038
title: Particle image velocimetry data from an analog seismo-tectonic model addressing the interaction between neighbor asperities

description: This dataset includes the results of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of one experiment on subduction megathrust earthquakes (with interacting asperities) performed at the Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET) Univ. Roma Tre in the framework of AspSync, the Marie Curie project (grant agreement 658034; https://aspsync.wordpress.com). Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Corbi et al. (2017). This data set is from one experiment characterized by the presence of a 7 cm wide barrier separating two asperities with equal size, geometry and friction. Here we provide PIV data relative to a 16.3 min long interval during which the experiment produces 138 analog earthquakes with an average recurrence time of 7 s. The PIV analysis yields quantitative information about the velocity field characterizing two consecutive frames, measured in this case at the model surface. For a detailed description of the experimental procedure, set-up and materials used, please refer to the article of Corbi et al. (2017) paragraph 2. This data set has been used for: a) studying velocity variations (Fig. 2 in Corbi et al., 2021) and rupture patterns (Fig. 3a, b in Corbi et al., 2021) occurring during the velocity peak of one of the two asperities (aka trigger).
description: The evolution of the analog model was monitored with a digital top-view camera (PIKE-ALLIED with resolution 1600 × 1200 pixels), capturing one frame every 0.133 s. Digital images were then analyzed with MatPIV (Sveen, 2004), which is an open-source software for PIV running under the MATLAB package. This software uses a cross-correlation technique that allows calculating horizontal components (i.e., on the image plane) of surface displacement with about one tenth of a pixel of accuracy. We used the multi-pass protocol with window size of 128 x 128 pixels and 64 x 64 pixels and 50% overlap. Other information e.g., surface displacement can be easily computed from the velocity field knowing the time between frames.
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2019.018
title: The NGS geoid based on the spherical harmonic analysis scheme with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel for the Colorado Experiment: ColSHAWG-NGS2019

description: The ColSHAWG-NGS2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation method is based on the spherical harmonic analysis scheme. The airborne gravity data are combined with the reference model xGEOID17RefB to produce an enhanced reference spherical harmonic model. This model is then used in a remove-compute-restore procedure, computing residual height anomalies from terrestrial gravity data by using the Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel (truncation degree equal to 980), also including the g1 term because of rugged mountains. Finally, the geoid undulations are obtained by adding the geoid/quasi-geoid separation term (based on the simple Bouguer anomalies) to the computed height anomalies. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.3 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2019.017
title: The NGS quasi-geoid based on the spherical harmonic analysis scheme with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel for the Colorado Experiment: ColSHAWG-NGS2019

description: The ColSHAWG-NGS2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation method is based on the spherical harmonic analysis scheme. The airborne gravity data are combined with the reference model xGEOID17RefB to produce an enhanced reference spherical harmonic model. This model is then used in a remove-compute-restore procedure, computing residual height anomalies from terrestrial gravity data by using the Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel (truncation degree equal to 980), also including the g1 term because of rugged mountains. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.3 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2022.016
title: Ring-shear test data of wheat flour used for analogue experiments in the laboratory of the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague

description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for wheat flour used as a fine-grained, cohesive analogue material for simulating brittle upper crustal rocks in the analogue labor-atory of the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Science (IGCAS). It is characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesion C. According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of the tested material is ~0.72, dynamic friction coeffi-cients µD is ~0.67 and reactivation friction coefficients µR is ~0.70. Cohesions of the material range between 27 and 50 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of ~1.5% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v and a stick-slip behaviour at low shear velocities.
DOI: 10.5880/fidgeo.2021.040
title: Sedimentological, geochemical, petrophysical, and geochronological data on drill cores and samples from the 2019 Lake Constance (Germany) drilling campaign with Hipercorig

description: The basin sediments of Lake Constance encompass superior records of glacial to late glacial and Holocene environmental conditions but were hitherto not recovered from greater depths due to the lack of high-quality but inexpensive coring instruments. In a test and commissioning campaign in 2019, a new scientific coring device, called Hipercorig, was deployed and recovered from two parallel boreholes a 20 and a 24 m long drillcore and one two-m-long surface core (Harms et al. 2020, Schaller et al. 2022). The drill site is in 200 m deep waters close to the northwestern lake shoreline near the town of Hagnau and was selected based on new seismic surveys. They revealed an up to 150 m thick sediment fill of the overdeepened Lake Constance basin created by several advance and retreat cycles of the Rhine Glacier during the mid to late Quaternary. The deposits comprise proglacial sediments overlain by glaciolacustrine and finally lake strata. The latter make up the top 12 m of the core recovered while below sandy intercalations indicate downward increasing influence of dynamic sedimentation pulses that were deposited through subaquatic channel systems fed by declining glaciers and meltwater pulses from the north. The cores retrieved were sampled for microbiology and pore fluids at University of Constance (Germany). They were opened at Bern University (Switzerland) in fall 2019, sedimentologically described, instrumentally logged, and sampled for further studies including age dating. These data served to identify 14 lithotypes that were differentiated into three chronostratigraphic units based on a 14C- and OSL-based age model. The cores section base with the proglacial unit is about 13.7 ka BP old while the lacustrine strata cover Bølling-Alerød and Holocene ages. A prominent turbiditic event layer could be dated at 9.5 ka BP, coeval with the largest Holocene Alpine rock slide, the Flimser Bergsturz, that caused damming of the river Rhine and finally an outburst reaching as turbidite even northern Lake Constance. These initially gained data sets and the instruments utilized are described in the data description.