DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18487042
title: Dataset generated by research on Foreign tourism in the heritage city of Granada, Spain.

description: GENERAL INFORMATION

This dataset has been generated as part of the doctoral thesis of José Valverde-Roda and his thesis supervisors Miguel Jesús Medina-Viruel and Gema Gomez-Casero. This doctoral thesis conducts research on tourists visiting the city of Granada. Specifically, this dataset focuses on Foreign tourism in the heritage city of Granada, Spain.



Geographic location of data collection: Latitude 37° 10' 23" N, longitude 3° 35' 47" O, City of Granada, Andalucía, Spain.

Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: No funding sources.


DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

 



File List: 





20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_Readme_v01.txt (Documentation, Methodological description, Data dictionary and Metadata guide for the dataset 20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_Dataset_v01.csv)

20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_Dataset_v01.csv (Dataset resulting from a questionnaire conducted on a sample of foreign tourists during their visit to the city of Granada). The document is provided in Comma-Separated Values (.csv) format using UTF-8 encoding to preserve multilingual characters. Download link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18679112

20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_questionnaire_EN_v01.pdf (Structured questionnaire in English administered on print paper to a representative sample of foreign tourists visiting the city of Granada. The document is provided in PDF/A format to ensure long-term digital preservation and compliance with FAIR standards). Download link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18679112

 20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_questionnaire_ES_v01.pdf (Structured questionnaire in Spanish administered on print paper to a representative sample of foreign tourists visiting the city of Granada. The document is provided in PDF/A format to ensure long-term digital preservation and compliance with FAIR standards). Download link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18679112









Relationship between files, if important: N/A

Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package:N/A

Are there multiple versions of the dataset?: N/A



If yes, name of file(s) that was updated:N/A

Why was the file updated? N/A

When was the file updated? N/A
description: METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Description of methods used for collection/generation of data:

The data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered on print paper to a representative sample of foreign tourists visiting the city of Granada, Spain. The sampling technique was non-probabilistic (convenience sampling), common in fieldwork where subjects are intercepted at specific locations and times (Finn et al., 2000).

The questionnaire was developed based on established literature (Correia et al., 2013; López-Guzmán et al., 2019; McKercher, 2002; Poria et al., 2003; Remoaldo et al., 2014) and underwent a three-phase validation process:





Review by a tourism expert.

Examination by local tourism stakeholders in Granada.

A pre-test with a pilot sample of 50 tourists.





The questionnaire is organized into three main thematic blocks:



Trip Characteristics: This section collects data regarding the visitor's travel behavior, including the frequency of previous visits to the city, the total duration of the stay, overnight stay status, and the specific type of accommodation used.

Perceptions and Experiences: This block focuses on the emotional impact of visiting the historical heritage sites. It evaluates destination attributes, primary motivations for visiting Granada, overall satisfaction levels with the experience, and indicators of tourist loyalty (behavioral intentions).

Socio-demographic Profile: The final section gathers personal data to characterize the sample, including gender, age, monthly household income, and academic background, among other relevant variables.



Fieldwork was conducted between April and August 2019 in strategic locations, including the historic center and UNESCO World Heritage sites (Alhambra, Generalife, and Albaicín). Questionnaires were available in Spanish and English to ensure diversity and minimize language barriers.

 

Methods for processing the data:

 

A total of 878 questionnaires were collected. Data cleaning involved the removal of incomplete or inconsistent responses, resulting in a final dataset of 836 valid cases. To ensure anonymity (FAIR compliance):



No direct personal identifiers (names, IDs, or contact details) were collected.

Socio-demographic variables (age, income) were collected using closed categories to prevent re-identification.

Qualitative responses from the Likert scales were digitized and checked for outliers or acquiescence bias.


Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data:

 

Data processing and cleaning were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics (v.24.0.0). To ensure long-term interoperability and accessibility in alignment with FAIR principles, the final dataset was exported to a non-proprietary Comma-Separated Values (.csv) format using UTF-8 encoding to preserve multilingual characters.

 

Additional methodological information needed to interpret and/or use the data, as appropriate:

 



Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: The Likert scales were intentionally reversed in some items to avoid response acquiescence and ensure data reliability.

Environmental/experimental conditions: Data collection was restricted to foreign tourists who had stayed in the city long enough to form an informed opinion (following Correia et al., 2013).

Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: a pre-test was conducted (n=50) to ensure item clarity. During fieldwork, the refusal rate was monitored and found to be negligible, not affecting the representativeness of the sample.

People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Fieldwork and data entry were executed by the authors of the research.




DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: 20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_Dataset_v01.csv 



Number of variables:104

Number of cases/rows:836

Variable List: Please look at the file 20190901_ForeignersHeritageGranada_Readme_v01.txt

Missing data codes: N/A

Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A