DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3f2bm54
title: Data from: Rapid morphological change of non-native frugivores on the Hawaiian island of O’ahu

description: Novel ecosystems have become widespread created, in part, by the global
 spread of species. The non-native species in these environments can be
 under intense evolutionary pressures that cause rapid morphological
 change, which can then influence species interactions. In Hawai’i, much of
 the native frugivore community is extinct, replaced by non-native bird
 species. Here, we determined if the passerine species of the non-native
 frugivore community on O’ahu have morphologically diverged from their
 native ranges. We compared a variety of traits, all important for
 frugivory, between museum specimens from the species’ native ranges to
 wild individuals from O’ahu. All four species tested exhibited significant
 divergence ranging in magnitude from 2.3% to 13.0% difference in at least
 two traits. Using a method developed from quantitative genetics, we found
 evidence that a mixture of non-adaptive and adaptive processes worked in
 concert to create the observed patterns of divergence. Our results suggest
 rapid morphological change is occurring and, based on the traits measured,
 that these changes may influence seed dispersal effectiveness. Since these
 species are largely responsible for seed dispersal on the island, the
 rapid morphological change of these species can influence the stability
 and maintenance of plant communities on O’ahu.
description: DATA - Gleditsch and
 Sperry 2019The morphological data
 used in Gleditsch and Sperry 2019 for analyses of morphological divergence
 between Oahu and the native range of four non-native frugivore species.
 All individuals with the "Wild" designation in the
 'source' column had a correction factor applied to their
 measurements (see Gleditsch and Sperry 2019 for correction factors and
 explanation). The 'ID' column is a unique identifier for each
 individual. The 'year' column is the year in which the
 individual was collected or caught. The 'date' column is the
 date on which the individual was collected or caught. The
 'location' is the country or island the individual was collected
 from or caught on. The 'source' column is whether or not the
 individual was a specimen from a museum or was caught in the wild. The
 'range' column designates whether the individual was from the
 native range or the introduced range. The 'species' column is
 the 4-letter alpha code of the species the individual was identified as
 (see Gleditsch and Sperry 2019 for the alpha codes). The 'Age'
 column designates the age of the individual (J=juvenile, A=adult,
 U=unknown). The 'sex' column designates what sex the individual
 was determined to be (M=male, F=female, U=unknown). The other seven
 columns are the morphological measurements taken on each individual and
 correspond to the tail length, tarsus length, wing length, total culmen,
 nares to the tip of the culmen, bill width, and bill depth, respectively
 (see Gleditsch and Sperry 2019 for a description of measurements). All
 measurement are in millimeters. Not present in the data file are the
 recaptures used in the error estimation. Contact the authors for these
 data.