cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18385642
title: Evaluation of distance estimation by observers with point counts and distance sampling methodology: A field test

description: The distance sampling methodology for estimating bird abundance assumes that distances between the observer and the birds are measured without error. Therefore, accurate distance estimates are crucial in bird surveys. Since most detections are based on auditory rather than visual observations (i.e., singing males, usually the easiest individuals to detect), estimating the distance to heard but unseen individuals is challenging and prone to error in dense, forest habitats. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of distance estimation by observers under natural conditions in a temperate forest of the Białowieża National Park, Poland, by conducting qualitative ‘distance band tests’ and quantitative ‘distance tests’. We found that probability of assigning an individual bird to the incorrect distance band (regardless of whether the distance was under- or overestimated) increased with distance. In quantitative tests, where we estimated the error in meters, both the frequency and magnitude of error also increased with distance. Underestimating distances, i.e., an individual was farther than the observer assumed, occurred more frequently than the opposite, i.e., an individual was closer than the observer’s assessment. While the magnitude and direction of errors varied between species, the consistent pattern for most species was that estimates were relatively accurate at closer distances but increasingly underestimated beyond ~100 m. Seasonal changes in vegetation did not influence error probability or size. Distances to singing individuals were underestimated at significantly shorter distances for higher-frequency singers, while song amplitude showed an insignificant trend. Our findings underscore the need to account for distance estimation errors in avian population research, particularly when using distance sampling. The results also indicate that assigning an individual to a distance band instead of estimating exact distance may reduce errors. In temperate forests, making the most distant band sufficiently wide to reduce errors in assigning individuals to bands may also improve accuracy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zpc866tc4
title: Potential distribution prediction of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson in China under current and future climate scenarios

description: The vicious invasive alien plant Amaranthus
 palmeri poses a serious threat to ecological security and food
 security due to its strong adaptability,
 competitiveness, and herbicide resistance. Predicting its potential
 habitats under current and future climate change is critical for
 monitoring and early warning. In this study, we used two sets of climate
 data, namely, WorldClim1.4 and RCPs (the historical climate data of
 WorldClim version 1.4 and future climate data of RCPs), WorldClim2.1 and
 SSPs (the historical climate data of WorldClim version 2.1 and future
 climate data of SSPs), to analyze the dominant environmental variables
 affecting the habitat suitability and predict the potential distribution
 of A. palmeri to climate change in China based on the
 MaxEnt model. The results show that (i) Temperature has a greater impact
 on the distribution of A. palmeri. The relative contributions of
 temperature-related variables count to 70 % or more, and the annual mean
 temperature (bio1) reached more than 40 %. (ii) At present, the
 potentially suitable area is widely distributed in the central-east and
 parts of southwest China, and the high suitable area is focused on the
 North China Plain. The potential suitable area predicted by
 WorldClim1.4 and WorldClim2.1 both accounts for about 31% of China's
 total land area. (iii) Future climate change will expand the suitable
 habitats to high latitudes and altitudes. The overall suitable area
 maximum increased to 44.93% under SSPs and 38.91% under RCPs. We
 conclude that climate change would increase the risk of A.
 palmeri expanding to high latitudes and altitudes, the results
 have practical implications for the effective long-term management in
 response to the global warming of A. palmeri.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18385641
title: Evaluation of distance estimation by observers with point counts and distance sampling methodology: A field test

description: The distance sampling methodology for estimating bird abundance assumes that distances between the observer and the birds are measured without error. Therefore, accurate distance estimates are crucial in bird surveys. Since most detections are based on auditory rather than visual observations (i.e., singing males, usually the easiest individuals to detect), estimating the distance to heard but unseen individuals is challenging and prone to error in dense, forest habitats. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of distance estimation by observers under natural conditions in a temperate forest of the Białowieża National Park, Poland, by conducting qualitative ‘distance band tests’ and quantitative ‘distance tests’. We found that probability of assigning an individual bird to the incorrect distance band (regardless of whether the distance was under- or overestimated) increased with distance. In quantitative tests, where we estimated the error in meters, both the frequency and magnitude of error also increased with distance. Underestimating distances, i.e., an individual was farther than the observer assumed, occurred more frequently than the opposite, i.e., an individual was closer than the observer’s assessment. While the magnitude and direction of errors varied between species, the consistent pattern for most species was that estimates were relatively accurate at closer distances but increasingly underestimated beyond ~100 m. Seasonal changes in vegetation did not influence error probability or size. Distances to singing individuals were underestimated at significantly shorter distances for higher-frequency singers, while song amplitude showed an insignificant trend. Our findings underscore the need to account for distance estimation errors in avian population research, particularly when using distance sampling. The results also indicate that assigning an individual to a distance band instead of estimating exact distance may reduce errors. In temperate forests, making the most distant band sufficiently wide to reduce errors in assigning individuals to bands may also improve accuracy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mw6m9060q
title: Data for: Excess labile carbon promotes diazotroph abundance in heat-stressed octocorals

description: Constant nitrogen limitation is the foundation of a stable coral-algal
 symbiosis. Diazotrophs, i.e., prokaryotes capable of fixing N2 into
 ammonia, are key players in coral holobionts. Recent studies on
 reef-building corals have shown that labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
 enrichment or heat stress stimulated the growth and activity of
 diazotrophs, resulting in excess nitrogen availability. However, the
 (a)biotic drivers of diazotrophs in octocorals are still poorly
 understood. We investigated diazotroph abundance (assessed via relative
 quantification of nifH gene copy numbers) in two symbiotic octocorals, the
 more mixotrophic soft coral Xenia umbellata and the more autotrophic
 gorgonian Pinnigorgia flava, under a) labile DOC enrichment for 21 days,
 followed by b) combined labile DOC enrichment and heat stress for 24 days.
 In the absence of heat stress, relative diazotroph abundances in X.
 umbellata and P. flava were unaffected by DOC enrichment. During heat
 stress, DOC enrichment (higher than 20 mg glucose L-1) increased the
 relative abundances of diazotrophs by 6-fold in X. umbellata and 4-fold in
 P. flava, compared to their counterparts without excess DOC. Our data
 suggest that labile DOC enrichment and concomitant heat stress could
 disrupt the nitrogen limitation in octocorals through stimulating
 diazotroph proliferations. Reducing labile DOC loading may effectively
 help octocorals cope with future ocean warming scenarios.
description: We investigated diazotroph abundance (assessed via relative
 quantification of <em>nifH</em> gene copy numbers) in two
 symbiotic octocorals, the more mixotrophic soft coral <em>Xenia
 umbellata </em>and the more autotrophic gorgonian
 <em>Pinnigorgia</em> <em>flava</em>, under a)
 labile DOC enrichment for 21 days, followed by b) combined labile DOC
 enrichment and heat stress for 24 days. Specifically, a fragment of the <em>nifH</em> gene that
 encodes for the iron protein subunit of nitrogenase was used as a marker
 to assess their-associated diazotroph communities. Eight different primer
 combinations were evaluated for their ability to amplify fragments of the
 <em>nifH</em> gene in the DNA extracted from octocoral
 holobionts. The best primer pair was subsequently used for
 the <em>nifH</em> gene qPCR to quantify
 diazotroph abundance in two octocorals.
description: Word; Excel; TXT; R Studio.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.47d7wm3hj
title: Dissimilarity of turbulent transport of momentum and heat under unstable conditions linked to convective circulations

description: The dissimilarity between the turbulent transport of momentum and heat
 under unstable conditions and its physical mechanisms are investigated in
 this study, based on the multiple-level turbulence observation from
 Tianjin's 255-m meteorological tower. The transport dissimilarity is
 observed from the surface layer to the lower part of the mixed layer as
 atmospheric instability increases. Although the transport dissimilarity is
 accompanied by the development of plumes and thermals under unstable
 conditions, plumes and thermals can produce intense transport of momentum
 and heat simultaneously. It is convective circulations related to vigorous
 thermals that cause transport dissimilarity. The horizontal divergence
 induced by convective circulations imposes a dominant large-scale
 reduction in the along-wind velocity component near the surface, while the
 temporal variations in temperature mainly reflect the role of plumes and
 thermals. This difference in respective physical processes subsequently
 leads to dissimilar transport between momentum and heat under unstable
 conditions. Therefore, the influence of convective circulations on the
 momentum-flux estimation should be considered in atmospheric numerical
 models, particularly for the simulation and prediction of severe
 convective weather.
description: The observational data were
 collected from the Tianjin 255-m meteorological tower (39.08°N, 117.21°E) from July 1 to August 31, 2017. The
 meteorological tower is located in the PBL Meteorological Observation
 Station, Tianjin Meteorological Administration. The station is surrounded
 by buildings, roads, and vegetation, and is well representative of the
 typical urban landscape with flat terrain. Five sonic anemometers (CSAT-3,
 Campbell Scientific, Inc., USA) were equipped on the meteorological tower
 at the height of 40 m, 80 m, 120 m, 160 m, and 200 m respectively, to
 measure wind components and air temperature at a frequency of 10
 Hz. The
 raw data from sonic
 anemometers are processed
 over 30-min intervals using EddyPro v7.0.6 (LI-COR Inc., USA) software, to
 obtain Reynolds means and
 fluctuations.
 Then, turbulence
 statistics, such as sensible heat flux, momentum flux, friction velocity, variances, as well as turbulent transport efficiency for
 heat and
 momentum, are calculated
 using the eddy covariance method. For a given 30 min interval, the flux
 contribution and the time
 fraction of different
 turbulent motions are quantified using the quadrant analysis. The energy spectra, cospectra, and phase spectra
 are calculated using Fast Fourier
 technique.<br>
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsnn
title: Data and codes from: Species divergence under competition and shared predation

description: Species competing for resources also commonly share predators. While
 competition often drives divergence between species, effects of shared
 predation are less understood. Theoretically, competing prey species could
 either diverge or evolve in the same direction under shared predation
 depending on the strength and symmetry of their interactions. We took an
 empirical approach to this question, comparing antipredator and trophic
 phenotypes between sympatric and allopatric populations of threespine
 stickleback and prickly sculpin fish that all live in the presence of a
 trout predator. We found divergence in antipredator traits between the
 species: in sympatry, antipredator adaptations were relatively increased
 in stickleback but decreased in sculpin. Shifts in feeding morphology,
 diet and habitat use were also divergent but driven primarily by
 stickleback evolution. Our results suggest that asymmetric ecological
 character displacement indirectly made stickleback more and sculpin less
 vulnerable to shared predation, driving divergence of antipredator traits
 between sympatric species.
description: This repository contains the data and R-codes used for Roesti et
 al. ("Species divergence under competition and shared
 predation", Ecology Letters). Details can be found in the
 accompanying README file and in the Methods section of the publication. If
 you are using any of these data or codes, please cite Roesti et al. and
 this repository.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgn2m
title: Depleted lean body mass after crossing an ecological barrier differentially affects stopover duration and refueling rate among species of long-distance migratory birds

description: During the long-distance migratory flights of birds, lean mass breakdown
 occurs in concert with fat catabolism and is expected to have
 repercussions on total stopover duration because birds require time to
 rebuild lean tissue before accumulating fat reserves. Despite this, little
 is known about the role of in-flight lean mass breakdown on stopover
 duration because direct measurements are restricted by the destructive
 nature of traditional body composition analysis and the technological
 limitations of tracking small birds over large expanses. We used
 non-lethal, non-invasive Quantitative Magnetic Resonance technology and
 plasma metabolite profiling to measure the body composition and
 physiological state of free-living birds captured at a migratory stopover
 site after flight across the Gulf of Mexico, and an automated
 radiotelemetry array covering ~5000 km2 to track stopover duration and
 regional movements. We tested whether stopover duration is prolonged in
 individuals arriving with lower lean mass and investigated how lean mass
 affects regional movements. Stopover duration decreased by 22% for each
 additional gram of lean mass in Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia
 noveboracensis), but this relationship was not apparent in Swainson’s
 Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), or
 Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), even though these species also
 arrived with depleted lean mass. Stopover duration increased for
 Swainson’s Thrush with higher plasma uric acid, a marker of protein
 catabolism. Northern Waterthrush with higher plasma triglycerides had
 longer stopovers. Our findings suggest that migratory birds may compensate
 for substantial lean mass losses by increasing refueling rate or
 relocating habitat, and highlights species-level differences in lean mass
 breakdown and the associated impacts on physiological function. Our
 results highlight the strategies used by different species to recover from
 a trans-Gulf of Mexico flight and resume migration, which improves our
 understanding of the annual cycle of migratory birds.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17713474
title: Optimal durations of reference and crediting periods for estimating emission reductions from forests – Code & Data Archive
title: Optimal durations of reference and crediting periods for estimating emission reductions from forests

description: This repository contains the complete reproducible analysis accompanying:

Neeff T., et al. (2026). Optimal durations of reference and crediting periods for estimating emission reductions from forests. Environmental Research Letters (submitted).

The archive includes:





Full R script used for analysis (Neefetal_2026_ERL_analysis.R)




JRC Tropical Moist Forest dataset (1991–2020)




Documentation and citation metadata



Keywords: Baseline setting, Carbon accounting, Carbon crediting, Emission Reductions, REDD+, Uncertainty analysis

License: CC BY 4.0 (for code).Data © European Commission, Joint Research Centre.

Contact:Javier G. P. Gamarrajavier.garciaperez@fao.orgORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1290-9559
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17713475
title: Optimal durations of reference and crediting periods for estimating emission reductions from forests – Code & Data Archive
title: Optimal durations of reference and crediting periods for estimating emission reductions from forests

description: This repository contains the complete reproducible analysis accompanying:

Neeff T., et al. (2026). Optimal durations of reference and crediting periods for estimating emission reductions from forests. Environmental Research Letters (submitted).

The archive includes:





Full R script used for analysis (Neefetal_2026_ERL_analysis.R)




JRC Tropical Moist Forest dataset (1991–2020)




Documentation and citation metadata



Keywords: Baseline setting, Carbon accounting, Carbon crediting, Emission Reductions, REDD+, Uncertainty analysis

License: CC BY 4.0 (for code).Data © European Commission, Joint Research Centre.

Contact:Javier G. P. Gamarrajavier.garciaperez@fao.orgORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1290-9559
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zs7h44jdc
title: Data from: Improving performance of hurdle models using rare-event weighted logistic regression: An application to maternal mortality data

description: In this paper, the performance of hurdle models in rare events data is
 improved by modifying their binary component. The rare-event weighted
 logistic regression model is adopted in place of logistic regression to
 deal with class imbalance due to rare events. Poisson Hurdle Rare Event
 Weighted Logistic Regression (REWLR) and Negative Binomial Hurdle (NBH)
 REWLR are developed as two-part models which use the REWLR model to
 estimate the probability of a positive count and a Poisson or NB
 zero-truncated count model to estimate non-zero counts. The obtained
 results are numerically validated and then discussed from both the
 mathematical and the maternal mortality perspective. Numerical simulations
 are also presented to give a more complete representation of the model
 dynamics. Results obtained suggest that NB Hurdle REWLR is the
 best-performing model for zero-inflated count data due to rare events.
description: The study uses secondary data which are publicly available. The
 maternal mortality data were pulled from https://jphesportal.uonbi.ac.ke/dhis-web-commons/security/login.action, a portal of District Health Information Software (DHIS2), that streamlines health data reporting.
description: The dataset requires Microsoft Excel to open. An R code is also
 provided.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.02v6wwq6g
title: Strong evidence for positive and negative correlational selection revealed by recreating ancestral variation

description: The study of adaptation helps explain biodiversity and predict future
 evolution. Yet the process of adaptation can be difficult to observe due
 to limited phenotypic variation in contemporary populations. Furthermore,
 the scarcity of male fitness estimates has made it difficult to both
 understand adaptation and evaluate sexual conflict hypotheses. We
 addressed both issues in our study of two anther position traits in wild
 radish (Raphanus raphanistrum): anther exsertion (long filament − corolla
 tube lengths) and anther separation (long − short filament lengths). These
 traits affect pollination efficiency and are particularly interesting due
 to the unusually high correlations among their component traits. We
 measured selection through male and female fitness on wild radish plants
 from populations artificially selected to recreate ancestral variation in
 each anther trait. We found little evidence for conflicts between male and
 female function. We found strong evidence for stabilizing selection on
 anther exsertion and disruptive selection on anther separation, indicating
 positive and negative correlational selection on the component traits.
 Intermediate levels of exsertion are likely an adaptation to best contact
 small bees. The function of anther separation is less clear, but future
 studies might investigate pollen placement on pollinators and compare
 species possessing multiple stamen types.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tb2rbp7c
title: CLEVRER-Humans: Describing physical and causal events the human way

description: Building machines that can reason about physical events and their causal
 relationships is crucial for flexible interaction with the physical world.
 However, most existing physical and causal reasoning benchmarks are
 exclusively based on synthetically generated events and synthetic natural
 language descriptions of causal relationships. This design brings up two
 issues. First, there is a lack of diversity in both event types and
 natural language descriptions; second, causal relationships based on
 manually-defined heuristics are different from human judgments. To address
 both shortcomings, we present the CLEVRER-Humans benchmark, a video
 reasoning dataset for causal judgment of physical events with human
 labels. We employ two techniques to improve data collection efficiency:
 first, a novel iterative event cloze task to elicit a new representation
 of events in videos, which we term Causal Event Graphs (CEGs); second, a
 data augmentation technique based on neural language generative models. We
 convert the collected CEGs into questions and answers to be consistent
 with prior work. Finally, we study a collection of baseline approaches for
 CLEVRER-Humans question-answering, highlighting the great challenges set
 forth by our benchmark.
description: We use a three-stage annotation pipeline. The first stage focuses
 on collecting human-written event descriptions using event cloze tasks,
 but only for a small number of videos. In the second stage, we augment the
 data for all videos using neural event description generators trained on
 the data collected from the first stage. In the third stage, we condense
 CEGs by collecting binary causal relation labels for all pairs of events
 from humans.