cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20031617
title: Blocking the A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor alleviates myocardial damage by inhibiting spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after acute myocardial infarction

description: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mobilisation is an important immune event in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor (A<sub>2B</sub>AR) plays key role in regulating MDSC function, but its specific involvement in MDSC mobilisation in AMI remains unclear. In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio and A<sub>2B</sub>AR mRNA expression were measured. A mouse AMI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation. MDSCs were analysed by FACS and immunofluorescence staining (of heart tissue). A<sub>2B</sub>AR mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Myocardial injury was detected by HE staining. Myocardial cell apoptosis was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac systolic function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio was increased and positively correlated with A<sub>2B</sub>AR mRNA expression (<i>r</i> = 0.86, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In AMI model mice, the percentage of MDSCs was increased in the circulation and infarcted heart and decreased in the spleen. MRS-1754-mediated A<sub>2B</sub>AR inhibition decreased the MDSC ratio in the circulation and infarcted heart and prevented the decrease in MDSC number in the spleens of mice with AMI. A<sub>2B</sub>AR blockade inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviated myocardial inflammatory injury, and improved myocardial systolic function in the AMI mouse model. Similar results were found in mice after splenectomy. Additionally, spleen-derived MDSC injection increased the MDSC ratio in the infarcted heart, increased myocardial cell apoptosis, aggravated myocardial injury, and decreased cardiac systolic function in mice with AMI. Blocking A<sub>2B</sub>AR alleviates myocardial damage and improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after AMI.
Key MessagesSpleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI.A<sub>2B</sub>AR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI.Blocking A<sub>2B</sub>AR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation. Spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI. A<sub>2B</sub>AR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI. Blocking A<sub>2B</sub>AR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20031617.v1
title: Blocking the A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor alleviates myocardial damage by inhibiting spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after acute myocardial infarction

description: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mobilisation is an important immune event in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor (A<sub>2B</sub>AR) plays key role in regulating MDSC function, but its specific involvement in MDSC mobilisation in AMI remains unclear. In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio and A<sub>2B</sub>AR mRNA expression were measured. A mouse AMI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation. MDSCs were analysed by FACS and immunofluorescence staining (of heart tissue). A<sub>2B</sub>AR mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Myocardial injury was detected by HE staining. Myocardial cell apoptosis was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac systolic function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio was increased and positively correlated with A<sub>2B</sub>AR mRNA expression (<i>r</i> = 0.86, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In AMI model mice, the percentage of MDSCs was increased in the circulation and infarcted heart and decreased in the spleen. MRS-1754-mediated A<sub>2B</sub>AR inhibition decreased the MDSC ratio in the circulation and infarcted heart and prevented the decrease in MDSC number in the spleens of mice with AMI. A<sub>2B</sub>AR blockade inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviated myocardial inflammatory injury, and improved myocardial systolic function in the AMI mouse model. Similar results were found in mice after splenectomy. Additionally, spleen-derived MDSC injection increased the MDSC ratio in the infarcted heart, increased myocardial cell apoptosis, aggravated myocardial injury, and decreased cardiac systolic function in mice with AMI. Blocking A<sub>2B</sub>AR alleviates myocardial damage and improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after AMI.
Key MessagesSpleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI.A<sub>2B</sub>AR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI.Blocking A<sub>2B</sub>AR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation. Spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI. A<sub>2B</sub>AR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI. Blocking A<sub>2B</sub>AR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cq1s
title: Data from: Contrasting responses of phosphatase kinetic parameters to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in forest soils

description: 1. Global changes include increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)
 deposition, which affect microbial nutrient demand and biogeochemical
 cycles. The responses of P-mineralizing enzymes to these global change
 components are poorly defined and are not specified in forest soils
 differing in P content. 2. We chose one site in a P-rich and two sites in
 P-poor forests and established sixteen 20 × 20 m plots at each site.
 Control, either N only, P only, or combined N and P, were randomly
 distributed through each forest site with 4 replicates. We investigated
 the effects of N and P additions over four years on the
 phosphomonoesterase potential activity (Vmax), its half-saturation
 constant (Km), and its catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km). 3. Without N and P
 additions, the enzyme kinetic parameters Vmax, Km, and Vmax/Km were higher
 in P-rich than in P-poor forest soils. These parameters increased with
 soil pH, SOC, TN, and TP contents increased. 4. Remarkably, P additions
 caused the Vmax and Km to increase in P-rich soils, but had no effect on
 Vmax/Km. P additions to P-poor soils resulted in a decrease in the Vmax/Km
 via the inhibitory effects of inorganic P on the Vmax. N additions had no
 effect on the Vmax/Km in P-rich and P-poor soils because of the similar
 increases in the Vmax and Km. The effects of combined N and P and P only
 additions to P-poor soils on the Vmax and Km were similar, but were
 stronger than the effects of N only or P only additions on the P-rich
 soils. 5. Phosphatase kinetic parameters were positively related to the
 availability of N and P in P-rich soils, but inorganic P inhibited
 phosphatase activity and caused a decrease in the catalytic efficiency in
 P-poor soils. More microbial community groups could contribute to the
 secretion of a broader spectrum of iso-enzymes under combined additions of
 N and P in P-rich soils. We conclude contrast responses of phosphatase
 kinetics to P and N inputs in P-rich and P-poor forest soils, while
 long-term N deposition might mitigate P limitation by increasing
 phosphatase secretion.
description: soil nutrients and
 enzyme kinetics
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p4ct1
title: Data from: Feeding ecology of the deep-bodied fish Dapedium (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Sinemurian of Dorset, England

description: Reconstructing the feeding ecology of fossil fishes can be difficult, but
 new mechanical approaches enable reasonably reliable inferences by
 comparison with living forms. Here, the feeding ecology of one of the most
 iconic and abundant actinopterygians of the Early Jurassic, Dapedium, is
 explored through detailed anatomical study and functional analyses of jaw
 mechanics. Mathematical models derived from modern teleost functional
 morphology are applied, to ascertain the transmission of force through the
 jaws of Dapedium. A number of features not previously identified in the
 genus are described, and the dentition is described in full for the first
 time. The analysis of the functional morphology of Dapedium, in
 combination with its jaw anatomy and dentition, indicates that the genus
 was well adapted to a durophagous feeding habit, although indirect
 evidence suggests a more generalist feeding mode. Being a generalist
 durophage may explain the success of the genus in the aftermath of the
 end-Triassic extinction event and its radiation in the Early Jurassic, as
 indicated by the ubiquity of Dapedium fossils throughout the Lower Lias.
description: Appendix S1. MA and EMA
 resultsMechanical advantage
 (MA) and effective mechanical advantage (EMA) results from 96 Dapedium
 specimens with associated specimen numbers and any confirmed species
 identification.Appendix
 S1.xlsxAppendix S2.
 Actinopterygian MA data.Mechanical advantage
 (MA) for 157 actinopterygian taxa, including six Dapedium species analyses
 in this study.Appendix
 S2.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vb81f
title: Data from: Foliar uptake of nitrogen from ant faecal droplets: an overlooked service to ant-plants

description: Nutrient supplies to plants from ants are well known from specialised
 myrmecophytic symbioses and from plants growing in soil close to ant
 nests. However, above-ground nutrient pathways may play a largely
 unrecognised role also in less specialised ant–plant interactions—the
 numerous facultative relationships, where ants forage on plants. In a
 laboratory experiment, weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) were confined
 to the canopies of coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings, excluding any
 ant-to-plant transfer of nutrients via the soil strata. When ants were fed
 15N-labelled glycine and subsequently deposited faecal droplets on the
 seedlings, coffee leaves showed increased levels of 15N and total nitrogen
 compared to control plants without ants. This was evident for both exposed
 leaves and leaves covered in plastic bags (i.e. not directly exposed to
 ants). Thus, nitrogen from ant excretions was absorbed through the coffee
 leaves, and subsequently, translocated within the plants and possibly
 leading to the observed higher shoot/root (wet weight) ratios observed on
 ant-plants compared to controls. Synthesis. These results reveal an
 undescribed foliar uptake of ant-provided nutrients. If this is a general
 mechanism, a vast amount of ant–plant interactions involves fertilisation.
 Foliar fertilisation by ants may be an important steady benefit to plants,
 which has driven the evolution of ant–plant mutualisms in parallel with
 the well-recognised but probably more fluctuating benefit from herbivore
 protection. Given the world-wide abundance of plant canopies foraged by
 ants, this nutrient pathway may be of high ecological significance.
description: Plant biomass and
 nitrogen contentThis file contains the
 data for the publication Foliar uptake of nitrogen from ant fecal
 droplets: an overlooked service to ant plants. The file contains data on
 nitrogen content as well as fresh and dry weights of "ant
 plants" and control plants in the experiment.Data
 file.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9qt80
title: Data from: Enhanced aphid abundance in spring desynchronizes predator–prey and plant–microorganism interactions

description: Climate change leads to phenology shifts of many species. However, not all
 species shift in parallel, which can desynchronize interspecific
 interactions. Within trophic cascades, herbivores can be top–down
 controlled by predators or bottom–up controlled by host plant quality and
 host symbionts, such as plant-associated micro-organisms. Synchronization
 of trophic levels is required to prevent insect herbivore (pest)
 outbreaks. In a common garden experiment, we simulated an earlier arrival
 time (~2 weeks) of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi on its host grass Lolium
 perenne by enhancing the aphid abundance during the colonization period.
 L. perenne was either uninfected or infected with the endophytic fungus
 Epichloë festucae var. lolii. The plant symbiotic fungus produces insect
 deterring alkaloids within the host grass. Throughout the season, we
 tested the effects of enhanced aphid abundance in spring on aphid
 predators (top–down) and grass–endophyte (bottom–up) responses. Higher
 aphid population sizes earlier in the season lead to overall higher aphid
 abundances, as predator occurrence was independent of aphid abundances on
 the pots. Nonetheless, after predator occurrence, aphids were controlled
 within 2 weeks on all pots. Possible bottom–up control of aphids by
 increased endophyte concentrations occurred time delayed after high
 herbivore abundances. Endophyte-derived alkaloid concentrations were not
 significantly affected by enhanced aphid abundance but increased
 throughout the season. We conclude that phenology shifts in an herbivorous
 species can desynchronize predator–prey and plant–microorganism
 interactions and might enhance the probability of pest outbreaks with
 climate change.
description: Data Oecologia Fuchs et
 alAphid numbers and aphid
 predator numbers per week and pot. qPCR data from quantifying fungal DNA
 weekly. UPLC-MS data for endophyte derived alkaloids in the grass per
 week.daten_tatl.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j146p05
title: Data from: Herbivore resistance in congeneric and sympatric Nothofagus species is not related to leaf habit

description: Premise of the study Two fundamental hypotheses on herbivore resistance
 and leaf habit are the resource availability hypothesis (RAH) and the
 carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH). The RAH predicts higher
 constitutive resistance by evergreens and the CNBH predicts higher induced
 resistance by deciduous species. Although support for these hypotheses is
 mixed, they have rarely been examined in congeneric species. Methods We
 compared leaf constitutive and induced resistance (as leaf polyphenols and
 tannin concentrations, and damage level in non-choice experiments) and
 leaf traits associated with herbivory of coexisting Nothofagus species
 using 1) a defoliation experiment, and 2) a natural defoliation caused by
 an outbreak of a common defoliator of Nothofagus species. Key Results In
 the defoliation experiment, polyphenol and tannin concentrations were
 similar between deciduous and evergreen species; regardless of leaf habit,
 polyphenols increased in response to defoliation. In the natural
 defoliation survey, N. pumilio (deciduous) had significantly higher
 herbivory, lower C/N ratio and leaf mass per area, and higher nitrogen and
 phosphorous concentrations than N. betuloides (evergreen); N. antarctica
 (deciduous) had intermediate values. Polyphenol concentrations and
 herbivore resistance indicated by the non-choice experiment were lower in
 N. pumilio than in N. antarctica and N. betuloides, which had similar
 values. Conclusions Higher herbivory in N. pumilio was associated with a
 higher nutritional value and a lower level of leaf C-based defenses
 compared to both the evergreen and the other deciduous species, indicating
 that herbivore resistance in Nothofagus species cannot be attributed to
 only leaf habit as predicted by the RAH or CNBH. Please be aware that if
 you ask to have your user record removed, we will retain your name in the
 records concerning manuscripts for which you were an author, reviewer, or
 editor. In compliance with data protection regulations, you may request
 that we remove your personal registration details at any time. (Use the
 following URL: https://www.editorialmanager.com/ajb/login.asp?a=r) Please
 contact the publication office if you have any questions.
description: leaf C based defences
 experiment DryadLeaf concentrations of
 total polyphenols and tannins in juvenile trees of Nothofagus pumilio and
 N. betuloides subjected to three levels of defoliation during three
 years.Dryad data on field
 studyLeaf traits (N, P, NSC,
 polyphenols, C/N and humidity), field herbivory, and relative consumption
 rate by Ormiscodes amphimone in non choice experiments of Nothofagus
 pumilio, N. antarctica and N. betuloides in Patagonia; relative
 consumption rate by Ormiscodes amphimone in non choice experiments with
 foliage of N. pumilio and N. antarctica from stands with and without
 ongoing outbreaks.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n8j0
title: Data from: Diversification of an emerging pathogen in a biodiversity hotspot: Leptospira in endemic small mammals of Madagascar

description: Biodiversity hotspots and associated endemism are ideal systems for the
 study of parasite diversity within host communities. Here, we investigated
 the ecological and evolutionary forces acting on the diversification of an
 emerging bacterial pathogen, Leptospira spp., in communities of endemic
 Malagasy small mammals. We determined the infection rate with pathogenic
 Leptospira in 23 species of sympatric rodents (subfamily Nesomyinae) and
 tenrecids (family Tenrecidae) at two eastern humid forest localities. A
 multilocus genotyping analysis allowed the characterization of bacterial
 diversity within small mammals and gave insights into their genetic
 relationships with Leptopsira infecting endemic Malagasy bats (family
 Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae). We report for the first time the
 presence of pathogenic Leptospira in Malagasy endemic small mammals, with
 an overall prevalence of 13%. In addition, these hosts harbor species of
 Leptospira (L. kirschneri, L. borgpetersenii and L. borgpetersenii group
 B) which are different from those reported in introduced rats (L.
 interrogans) on Madagascar. The diversification of Leptospira on
 Madagascar can be traced millions of years into evolutionary history,
 resulting in the divergence of endemic lineages and strong host
 specificity. These observations are discussed in relation to the relative
 roles of endemic versus introduced mammal species in the evolution and
 epidemiology of Leptospira on Madagascar, specifically how biodiversity
 and biogeographical processes can shape community ecology of an emerging
 pathogen and lead to its diversification within native animal communities.
description: Dietrich_Leptospira_alldataDietrich_Leptospira_alignments
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bp907
title: Data from: A genetic discontinuity in moose (Alces alces) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure

description: The strength and arrangement of movement barriers can impact the
 connectivity among habitat patches. Anthropogenic barriers (e.g. roads)
 are a source of habitat fragmentation that can disrupt these resource
 networks and can have an influence on the spatial genetic structure of
 populations. Using microsatellite data, we evaluated whether observed
 genetic structure of moose (Alces alces) populations were associated with
 human activities (e.g. roads) in the urban habitat of Anchorage and rural
 habitat on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We found evidence of a recent
 genetic subdivision among moose in Anchorage that corresponds to a major
 highway and associated infrastructure. This subdivision is most likely due
 to restrictions in gene flow due to alterations to the highway (e.g.
 moose-resistant fencing with one-way gates) and a significant increase in
 traffic volume over the past 30 years; genetic subdivision was not
 detected on the Kenai Peninsula in an area not bisected by a major
 highway. This study illustrates that anthropogenic barriers can
 substructure wildlife populations within a few generations and highlights
 the value of genetic assessments to determine the effects on connectivity
 among habitat patches in conjunction with behavioral and ecological data.
description: Genotypic data and
 spatial coordinates of female moose in AlaskaThis file contains
 genotype data from ten microsatellites and spatial coordinates of female
 moose from two populations in south-central Alaska (Anchorage and Kenai
 Peninsula Game Management Unit 15C). Individuals are also indicated
 whether they were part of a telemetry/movement study (collared) from which
 annual home range size was estimated or if sample was obtained from a
 hunter. This file was used for to generate infiles for genetic structure
 analyses in Geneland and R package adegent (sPCA).Genotypic_data_and_spatial_
 coordinates_Alaska_Moose.xlsxGeneland
 infilesThis zipped folder
 contains the infiles for used for the program Geneland. The spatial
 coordinate file is in UTMs (zone 6 for Anchorage and zone 5 for Kenai
 Peninsula Game Management Unit 15C).sPCA
 infilesThis zipped folder
 contains the infiles (genepop and coordinate files) for used for the sPCA
 analysis in the R package adegenet.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g22t8m0
title: Data from: Parasite rearing and infection temperatures jointly influence disease transmission and shape seasonality of epidemics

description: Seasonal epidemics erupt commonly in nature and are driven by numerous
 mechanisms. Here, we suggest a new mechanism that could determine the size
 and timing of seasonal epidemics: rearing environment changes the
 performance of parasites. This mechanism arises when the environmental
 conditions in which a parasite is produced impact its
 performance—independently from the current environment. To illustrate the
 potential for ‘rearing effects’, we show how temperature influences
 infection risk (transmission rate) in a Daphnia-fungus disease system
 through both parasite rearing temperature and infection temperature.
 During autumnal epidemics, zooplankton hosts contact (eat) fungal
 parasites (spores) reared in a gradually cooling environment. To delineate
 the effect of rearing temperature from temperature at exposure and
 infection, we used lab experiments to parameterize a mechanistic model of
 transmission rate. We also evaluated the rearing effect using spores
 collected from epidemics in cooling lakes. We found that fungal spores
 were more infectious when reared at warmer temperatures (in the lab and in
 two of three lakes). Additionally, the exposure (foraging) rate of hosts
 increased with warmer infection temperatures. Thus, both mechanisms cause
 transmission rate to drop as temperature decreases over the autumnal
 epidemic season (from summer to winter). Simulations show how these
 temperature-driven changes in transmission rate can induce waning of
 epidemics as lakes cool. Furthermore, via thermally-dependent
 transmission, variation in environmental cooling patterns can alter the
 size and shape of epidemics. Thus, the thermal environment drives seasonal
 epidemics through effects on hosts (exposure rate) and the infectivity of
 parasites (a rearing effect). Presently, the generality of parasite
 rearing effects remains unknown. Our results suggest that they may provide
 an important but underappreciated mechanism linking temperature to the
 seasonality of epidemics.
description: Final Code and
 DataAll data (.csv format)
 and R code (.R format) associated with this paper.