cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1404
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1h (transformed data)

description: In the KTB field laboratory, thermal conductivity was measured on cuttings material in depth intervals of 10 m and on available drill core material. The results on drill cores give anisotropy information. In general, the maximum thermal conductivity is measured parallel to the strike of foliation and the minimum thermal conductivity perpendicular to that direction. Approximately 250 g of cuttings of the fraction &lt; 2 mm grain are mixed with water. This mixture of cuttings and water is measured (for more details see Pribnow et al. 1992 or Pribnow 1994). This measurement yields the geometric mean of the thermal conductivities in a two-phase mixture model.
By measuring the weights of the dry cuttings and the mixture of cuttings and water, PHI is determined knowing the density of the cuttings and water (PHI = 32 %). Usually, the arithmetic mean value from 7 repeating measurements is used.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1283
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1a

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1346
title: Natural Remanent Magnetisation of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1g

description: Natural Remanent Magnetisation of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1g
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1155
title: AMS radiocarbon dates of pollen from Lake Baikal sediments

description: AMS radiocarbon dates of pollen from Lake Baikal sediments
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1144
title: Wet bulk density of core CON01-604-2a, the trigger core to piston core CON01-604-2 at Posolskoe

description: Wet bulk density of core CON01-604-2a, the trigger core to piston core CON01-604-2 at Posolskoe
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1391
title: Ultrasonic Seismics on Mini Cores (Plugs) of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: Ultrasonic wave propagation through core samples is studied in a water tank to insure good signal transmission between transducer, rock specimen and receiver and to avoid time - consuming mechanical preparations.
A specifically designed instrumentation was used, which allows to measure the radial p-wave velocity in the plane normal to the core axis and, if the core sample is long enough, also the axial p- and s-wave velocities by common mid-point (CMP) refraction experiments, with water as the upper and the core as the lower layer. By rotating the cores, all measurements are performed for variable azimuths. Computer control of all mechanical and electronical operations, digital 10-bit data aquisition, signal stacking and interactive seismogram evaluation are essential features of the system.
Data are available from the few cores taken below 4000 m. The investigations were carried out on the longest core sample of each cored interval (16 specimens).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1358
title: Porosity of Mini Cores (Plugs) of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: The porosity was determined using the most common Archimedian method (Schopper, 1982). It is based on the following three weight determinations of the sample:
 (1) The samples were dried for approximately 100 hours at 80 °C in an oven until the sample weight remains constant. The pore space is filled with air.
 (2) The samples were saturated, i.e. the pore space was completely filled with destilled water. Therefore, at room temperature and under vacuum the samples were submerged in destilled water for at least 24 hours. Afterwards atmospheric pressure was applied for at least 24 hours to let the water invade into the sample. The sample was taken from the water and the fluid film on the sample surface was removed.
 (3) At least, the saturated samples were submerged again in destilled water and the third measurement was done. An apparent mass due to buoyancy was determined.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1258
title: Gas Radon Measurements of Gas Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1a

description: In the complete KTB-VB and in in the KTB-HB down to a depth of 3003 m the gas phase was released and collected by twirl degassers attached in front of the mud shakers. This open system led to gas losses as well as air contamination. Therefore results obtained down to this depth have only qualitative character. After casing the KTB-HB to a depth of 3003 m a bypass system was installed at the BOP (blow-out preventer) 50 cm below the flow line. A constant part (about 100 l/min) of gas-bearing drill mud is pumped through the bypass directly to a twirl degasser which is isolated against atmosphere. To prevent air contamination or sucking off drill mud the pressure in the gas trap is balanced by charging argon. The released gas phase is completely sucked off and led through a heated hose (in order to prevent water condensation or freezing) to the logging unit and there parallel to the measuring systems gaschromatograph, mass spectrometer and radon logging device.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1284
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1d

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1384
title: Axial Vp on Core Samples of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a

description: Ultrasonic wave propagation through core samples is studied in a water tank to insure good signal transmission between transducer, rock specimen and receiver and to avoid time - consuming mechanical preparations.
A specifically designed instrumentation was used, which allows to measure the radial p-wave velocity in the plane normal to the core axis and, if the core sample is long enough, also the axial p- and s-wave velocities by common mid-point (CMP) refraction experiments, with water as the upper and the core as the lower layer. By rotating the cores, all measurements are performed for variable azimuths. Computer control of all mechanical and electronical operations, digital 10-bit data aquisition, signal stacking and interactive seismogram evaluation are essential features of the system.
Data are available from the few cores taken below 4000 m. The investigations were carried out on the longest core sample of each cored interval (16 specimens).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1270
title: XRD of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1h

description: The qualitative and quantitative phase analyses were performed in the KTB field laboratory by x-ray powder diffraction using SIEMENS D 500 diffractometer. During early stages of the KTB project a new method for quantitative phase analysis was developed (see references below). The method is based on the comparison of the diffraction spectrum of the unknown sample with those of pure minerals. The powder diffraction data of the minerals are stored in a database built up of 250 natural minerals separated from various types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The complete analyses (radiation: Cu K alpha, lambda: 1,5405Å, stepwidth: 0,01°, counting time 2 sec/step, angle 2-80°) was carried out automatically including computations. The results of this quantitative phase analysis were used e.g. to check thin section petrography (and vice versa) and to construct a \"mineralogical rock composition log\".
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1151
title: Water content and dry bulk density of pilot core to CON01-603-2, PANGAEA

description: Water content and dry bulk density of pilot core to CON01-603-2
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1372
title: Magnetic Susceptibility of Cuttings of the KTB Pilot Hole HB1i

description: The magnetic susceptibility is measured by an inductive AC device (BARTINGTON). The sample is placed inside a coil which generates an alternating magnetic field. The applied frequency is 460 Hz (cuttings, 25.4 mm mini cores), 565 Hz (cores) or 1470 Hz (15 mm mini cores) respectively. A shift in the oscillator frequency is a measure for the magnetic susceptibility of the sample. The applied magnetic field strength is 80 A/m (RMS) and appr. 2 times the total earth magnetic field strength in the KTB area (=38 A/m). The measurement field is lower than the field which is necessary for magnetic saturation and allows therefore to measure the initial susceptibility. The used sensors are insensitive to the electrical conductivity of the samples. Except the determination of the temperature dependent susceptibility, all measurements are done under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1153
title: Water content and dry bulk density of pilot core CON01-604-2a to piston core CON01-604-2 from Posolskoe

description: Water content and dry bulk density of pilot core CON01-604-2a to piston core CON01-604-2 from Posolskoe
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1375
title: Magnetic Susceptibility of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: The magnetic susceptibility is measured by an inductive AC device (BARTINGTON). The sample is placed inside a coil which generates an alternating magnetic field. The applied frequency is 460 Hz (cuttings, 25.4 mm mini cores), 565 Hz (cores) or 1470 Hz (15 mm mini cores) respectively. A shift in the oscillator frequency is a measure for the magnetic susceptibility of the sample. The applied magnetic field strength is 80 A/m (RMS) and appr. 2 times the total earth magnetic field strength in the KTB area (=38 A/m). The measurement field is lower than the field which is necessary for magnetic saturation and allows therefore to measure the initial susceptibility. The used sensors are insensitive to the electrical conductivity of the samples. Except the determination of the temperature dependent susceptibility, all measurements are done under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1428
title: Gas chromatography of gas samples of the KTB main hole HB1i

description: The main objective of this drilling fluid analysis was the detection of inflows of formation fluids. Therefore different gases dissolved in the drilling mud were measured continuously and automatically at drill site with three different methodes (Fig.: KTB-Report 92-2 page C13). The operation principles of the mass spectrometer and the gaschromatograph have been explained by STROH et al. (1988) and FIGGEMEIER et al. (1991). The principle of radon determination is published by ERZINGER et al. (1992).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1397
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1g (measured data)

description: In the KTB field laboratory, thermal conductivity was measured on cuttings material in depth intervals of 10 m and on available drill core material. The results on drill cores give anisotropy information. In general, the maximum thermal conductivity is measured parallel to the strike of foliation and the minimum thermal conductivity perpendicular to that direction. Approximately 250 g of cuttings of the fraction &lt; 2 mm grain are mixed with water. This mixture of cuttings and water is measured (for more details see Pribnow et al. 1992 or Pribnow 1994). This measurement yields the geometric mean of the thermal conductivities in a two-phase mixture model.
By measuring the weights of the dry cuttings and the mixture of cuttings and water, PHI is determined knowing the density of the cuttings and water (PHI = 32 %). Usually, the arithmetic mean value from 7 repeating measurements is used.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1282
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1224
title: XRF of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1g.

description: Cuttings were crushed in a tungsten carbide ball mill for 25 min; while core samples were crushed in a tungsten carbide jaw breaker and then processed in the same way as the chip material. The resulting powder samples (max 0.06 mm size) were dried at 105°C, 3 gr selected and mixed with 2.5% Moviol solution and finally pressed under 40 kN into alumina rings. These standardized pellets were used for both, XRD and XRF measurements.For the determination of major and trace elements a fully automated wavelenght-dispersive XRF device (SIEMENS SRS 303 AS) was used in the field laboratory. The standard measuring operation comprised 11 major elements (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 total, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, S) and 12 traces (Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cr, Ni, Zn, V, Cu, Th, U).Element concentrations were calculated by setting up calibration curves computed with more than 40 international natural rock standards.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1343
title: Natural Remanent Magnetisation of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a

description: Natural Remanent Magnetisation of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1160
title: Raw pollen data from kasten core CON01-603-5 part2 (%)

description: Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1297
title: Electrical Resistivity of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).Four point like electrodes are situated at the core surface along a semicircle in a plane perpendicular to the core axis. The two current electrodes are opposite to each other. The electrodes are in contact to the sample by a porous plastic material soaked with 0.1 molar NaCl solution. Voltage and current is measured by a lock-in-amplifier at 120 Hz frequency. Due to high contact resistances, only the magnitude of complex resistivity is used. By computer controlled rotating of the core and moving of the electrode arrangement along the cores z axis, resistivity as a function of azimuth and length is measured.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1422
title: Gas chromatography of gas samples of the KTB pilot hole VB1b

description: The main objective of this drilling fluid analysis was the detection of inflows of formation fluids. Therefore different gases dissolved in the drilling mud were measured continuously and automatically at drill site with three different methodes (Fig.: KTB-Report 92-2 page C13). The operation principles of the mass spectrometer and the gaschromatograph have been explained by STROH et al. (1988) and FIGGEMEIER et al. (1991). The principle of radon determination is published by ERZINGER et al. (1992).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1381
title: Radial Vp on Core Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1a

description: Ultrasonic wave propagation through core samples is studied in a water tank to insure good signal transmission between transducer, rock specimen and receiver and to avoid time - consuming mechanical preparations. A specifically designed instrumentation was used, which allows to measure the radial p-wave velocity in the plane normal to the core axis and, if the core sample is long enough, also the axial p- and s-wave velocities by common mid-point (CMP) refraction experiments, with water as the upper and the core as the lower layer. By rotating the cores, all measurements are performed for variable azimuths. Computer control of all mechanical and electronical operations, digital 10-bit data aquisition, signal stacking and interactive seismogram evaluation are essential features of the system.
Data are available from the few cores taken below 4000 m. The investigations were carried out on the longest core sample of each cored interval (16 specimens).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1267
title: XRD of Cuttings of the KTB Pilot Hole HB1a

description: The qualitative and quantitative phase analyses were performed in the KTB field laboratory by x-ray powder diffraction using SIEMENS D 500 diffractometer. During early stages of the KTB project a new method for quantitative phase analysis was developed (see references below). The method is based on the comparison of the diffraction spectrum of the unknown sample with those of pure minerals. The powder diffraction data of the minerals are stored in a database built up of 250 natural minerals separated from various types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The complete analyses (radiation: Cu K alpha, lambda: 1,5405Å, stepwidth: 0,01°, counting time 2 sec/step, angle 2-80°) was carried out automatically including computations. The results of this quantitative phase analysis were used e.g. to check thin section petrography (and vice versa) and to construct a \"mineralogical rock composition log\".
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1257
title: Gas Radon Measurements of Gas Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: In the complete KTB-VB and in in the KTB-HB down to a depth of 3003 m the gas phase was released and collected by twirl degassers attached in front of the mud shakers. This open system led to gas losses as well as air contamination. Therefore results obtained down to this depth have only qualitative character. After casing the KTB-HB to a depth of 3003 m a bypass system was installed at the BOP (blow-out preventer) 50 cm below the flow line. A constant part (about 100 l/min) of gas-bearing drill mud is pumped through the bypass directly to a twirl degasser which is isolated against atmosphere. To prevent air contamination or sucking off drill mud the pressure in the gas trap is balanced by charging argon. The released gas phase is completely sucked off and led through a heated hose (in order to prevent water condensation or freezing) to the logging unit and there parallel to the measuring systems gaschromatograph, mass spectrometer and radon logging device.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1245
title: Geochemical Analysis of Cations of Mud Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1g.

description: Geochemical Analysis of Cations of Mud Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1g.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1352
title: Permeability of Mini Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: In the KTB field laboratory, porosity, internal surface and permeability were determined on identical mini cores with 25.4 mm in diameter and approximately 50 mm in length. These samples were drilled either axial or radial with respect to the drill core, or parallel or perpendicular with respect to the foliation. In the KTB field laboratory, the stationary sArcy method was used with nitrogen gas as the streaming medium. The measurements were made at a constant confining pressure of 5 MPa to 6.5 MPa. The nitrogen pressure gradient was up to 2 MPa at the inflow side minus atmospheric pressure at the outflow side of the sample. Because of the low pore pressures during the measurements (max 2 MPa) the data had to be corrected for the effect of gas friction along the matrix wall, the so called Klinkenberg effect (Huenges et al. 1990). Further details, regarding equipment and evaluation are given by Pusch et al. (1986).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1293
title: Density of Core Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1g

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1398
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1h (measured data)

description: In the KTB field laboratory, thermal conductivity was measured on cuttings material in depth intervals of 10 m and on available drill core material. The results on drill cores give anisotropy information. In general, the maximum thermal conductivity is measured parallel to the strike of foliation and the minimum thermal conductivity perpendicular to that direction. Approximately 250 g of cuttings of the fraction &lt; 2 mm grain are mixed with water. This mixture of cuttings and water is measured (for more details see Pribnow et al. 1992 or Pribnow 1994). This measurement yields the geometric mean of the thermal conductivities in a two-phase mixture model.
By measuring the weights of the dry cuttings and the mixture of cuttings and water, PHI is determined knowing the density of the cuttings and water (PHI = 32 %). Usually, the arithmetic mean value from 7 repeating measurements is used.