DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6347b
title: Data from: Quantitative genetic divergence and standing genetic (co)variance in thermal reaction norms along latitude

description: Although the potential to adapt to warmer climate is constrained by
 genetic trade-offs, our understanding of how selection and mutation shape
 genetic (co)variances in thermal reaction norms is poor. Using 71
 isofemale lines of the fly Sepsis punctum, originating from northern,
 central and southern European climates, we tested for divergence in
 juvenile development rate across latitude at five experimental
 temperatures. To investigate effects of evolutionary history in different
 climates on standing genetic variation in reaction norms, we further
 compared genetic (co)variances between regions. Flies were reared on
 either high or low food resources to explore the role of
 energy-acquisition in determining genetic trade-offs between different
 temperatures. Although the latter had only weak effects on the strength
 and sign of genetic correlations, genetic architecture differed
 significantly between climatic regions, implying that evolution of
 reaction norms proceeds via different trajectories at high versus low
 latitude in this system. Accordingly, regional genetic architecture was
 correlated to region-specific differentiation. Moreover, hot development
 temperatures were associated with low genetic variance and stronger
 genetic correlations compared to cooler temperatures. We discuss the
 evolutionary potential of thermal reaction norms in light of their
 underlying genetic architectures, evolutionary histories and the
 materialization of trade-offs in natural environments.
description: dryaddata#File 1 - population data on development rate # Populations collected may-aug 2009 by David Berger # Data collected sept 2009 - feb 2010 by David Berger & Richard Walters. Region Population Lat:Long Lines north Stockholm 59.34 : 18.07 8 north Nykoping 58.62 : 16.94 9 central Bayreuth 49.92 : 11.56 11 central Vienna 48.21 : 16.35 12 central Zurich 47.35 : 8.53 13 south Arezzo 43.52 : 11.57 7 south Perugia 43.15 : 12.18 11 #Description of coloumns in data file: id = individual. population = population of origin. region = region of origin. latitude = latitude of origin. temperature = experimental temperature in which development rate was measured. food level = flies were raised on either excess (high) or limited (low) food. line = the name of the isofemale line to which each measured fly belonged. replicate = the glas vial containing a subset of flies from an isofemale line in a specific temperature (10-20 flies). development time = the time in days it took for a 24 hour larva to reach the adult stage. development rate = 1/development time devrateST = temperature-specific mean-standardized development rate.phenology#File 2 - Phenology data on S. punctum, Zurich population. #Flies were censused every week, except during mid-season, from beginning of Mars to end of October. #10 traps set out on every occasion (given as calender date = "Date", or julian date = "Julian"). #Fly counts per trap averaged to give one estimate per date ("meanFlies").regionNICHE#File 3 - temperature dataset on thermal niches of each region (Celsius degrees) # Data collected from May - June 2010. # Data first variance and mean calibrated to the thermal environment inside 4 cow-pats probed with thermometers for two weeks in Zurich during June 2010. # Data then mean calibrated to 20-30 year dataset, for the period May-September, from each of the regions (based on population averages). Datasets available online at: http://www.weatherbase.com