cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7367432
title: Binary programming for the simulation of crop rotation and animal transit in an integrated crop-livestock system

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop and implement a linear-programming model (LP) that provides as its result a schedule with the best selection of crops in each plot per period, and with the greatest weight gain for each animal. The linear-programming model was developed from empirical work carried out by Alvarenga and Gontijo Neto (2008) in an area of 24 hectares of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais (MG). For the computational implementation of the model, it was necessary to have data on agricultural suitability and animal weight gain for each period and for each plot. In order to test the developed mathematical model, values were randomly generated for agricultural suitability and for animal weight gain using the MATLAB solver. It was then possible to carry out the computational implementation of the linear-programming model in MATLAB. Two numerical trials were conducted, the first considering four periods, four plots and the transit of two animals, and the second with ten periods, four plots and the transit of three animals. The results show that the linear-programming model is consistent with the empirical work done by Alvarenga and Gontijo Neto (2008). The linear-programming model satisfies all the imposed constraints, maximises the weight gain of each animal, and provides the best selection of crops.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7367429
title: Metabolisable energy prediction in energy feedstuffs and evaluation of the stepwise validation procedure using bootstrapping

description: ABSTRACT The use of predicted values of apparent metabolisable energy (AME), obtained from regression equations, can be useful for both research institutions and nutrition industries. However, there is a need to validate independent samples to ensure that the predicted equation for AME is reliable. In this study, data was collected in order to estimate the prediction equations of corn, sorghum and wheat bran for pig feed, based on the chemical composition, in addition to evaluating the validity of the stepwise selection procedure regressive method of non-parametric bootstrap resampling. Data from metabolism trials in pigs and the chemical composition of feedstuffs was collected from both Brazilian and international literature, expressed as dry matter. After the residue analysis, five models of multiple linear regression were adjusted to randomly generate 1000 bootstrap samples of equal size from the database via meta-analysis. The five estimated models were adjusted for all bootstrapped samples using the stepwise method. The highest percentage significance for regressor (PSR) value was observed for digestible energy (100%) in the AME1 model, and gross energy (95.7%) in the AME2 model, indicating high correlation of the regressive model with AME. The regressors selected for AME4 and AME5 resulted in a PSR of greater than 50%, and were validated for estimating the AME of pig feed. However, the percentage of joint occurrence of regressor models showed low reliability, with values between 2.6% (AME2) and 23.4% (AME4), suggesting that the stepwise procedure was invalid.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7367432.v1
title: Binary programming for the simulation of crop rotation and animal transit in an integrated crop-livestock system

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop and implement a linear-programming model (LP) that provides as its result a schedule with the best selection of crops in each plot per period, and with the greatest weight gain for each animal. The linear-programming model was developed from empirical work carried out by Alvarenga and Gontijo Neto (2008) in an area of 24 hectares of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais (MG). For the computational implementation of the model, it was necessary to have data on agricultural suitability and animal weight gain for each period and for each plot. In order to test the developed mathematical model, values were randomly generated for agricultural suitability and for animal weight gain using the MATLAB solver. It was then possible to carry out the computational implementation of the linear-programming model in MATLAB. Two numerical trials were conducted, the first considering four periods, four plots and the transit of two animals, and the second with ten periods, four plots and the transit of three animals. The results show that the linear-programming model is consistent with the empirical work done by Alvarenga and Gontijo Neto (2008). The linear-programming model satisfies all the imposed constraints, maximises the weight gain of each animal, and provides the best selection of crops.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678004
title: Multivariate analysis and vigor tests to determine the quality of Brachiaria decumbens seeds

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the efficiency of multivariate analysis in the identification of promising vigor tests for the evaluation of the physiological quality of seed lots of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. Seeds of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk were tested for the following parameters: water content, germination, first germination count, cold test, electrical conductivity, seedling growth, seedling dry mass, first count and emergence percentage of seedlings in laboratory substrate, and seedling emergence in the field. The data obtained in each test-all completely randomized experimental designs-were analyzed separately by means of analysis of variance, Scott-Knott’s test, and multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis is efficient to discriminate vigor and seed germination tests capable of identifying the top performance batch in the field. Germination, first germination count, emergence of seedlings in sand, first seedling emergence count in sand, shoot length, and the cold test are promising in the evaluation of the physiological quality of seed lots of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, providing similar information to that from the emergence of field seedlings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678004.v1
title: Multivariate analysis and vigor tests to determine the quality of Brachiaria decumbens seeds

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the efficiency of multivariate analysis in the identification of promising vigor tests for the evaluation of the physiological quality of seed lots of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. Seeds of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk were tested for the following parameters: water content, germination, first germination count, cold test, electrical conductivity, seedling growth, seedling dry mass, first count and emergence percentage of seedlings in laboratory substrate, and seedling emergence in the field. The data obtained in each test-all completely randomized experimental designs-were analyzed separately by means of analysis of variance, Scott-Knott’s test, and multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis is efficient to discriminate vigor and seed germination tests capable of identifying the top performance batch in the field. Germination, first germination count, emergence of seedlings in sand, first seedling emergence count in sand, shoot length, and the cold test are promising in the evaluation of the physiological quality of seed lots of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, providing similar information to that from the emergence of field seedlings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678487
title: Soil compaction in areas of maize used for silage with the application of wastewater

description: ABSTRACT The mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration (RP) was evaluated over two consecutive years in areas where off-season maize is produced for silage. Removal of the aerial part of the maize during the ensiling process leaves the soil exposed and subject to compaction, which may compromise a no-till system (NTS). The aim of this study therefore, was to monitor the RP of a soil under plant cover associated with the application of wastewater from pig farming (WPF) in areas of maize ensiling under NTS. The study was conducted in Matelândia, in the State of Paraná, employing seven management systems: soybean/silage/oats and turnip (SSOT); soybean/oats and turnip (SOT); soybean/silage/scarification + oats and turnip (SSSOT); soybean/silage and brachiaria (SSB); soybean/silage/oats (SSO); soybean and silage (SS) and soybean and maize (SM), repeated over two consecutive years. In the treatments that included WPF, 100 m3 ha-1 yr-1 were applied, split into two equal doses: one on the maize and the other on the cover crops. The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks (RCB), with four replications per treatment, and four samples per replication. The system with no cover crops had a higher RP; the 0.10 to 0.15 m layer of soil had the highest RP; whereas the application of WPF at a dose of 100 m3 ha-1 yr-1 decreased the RP.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678487.v1
title: Soil compaction in areas of maize used for silage with the application of wastewater

description: ABSTRACT The mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration (RP) was evaluated over two consecutive years in areas where off-season maize is produced for silage. Removal of the aerial part of the maize during the ensiling process leaves the soil exposed and subject to compaction, which may compromise a no-till system (NTS). The aim of this study therefore, was to monitor the RP of a soil under plant cover associated with the application of wastewater from pig farming (WPF) in areas of maize ensiling under NTS. The study was conducted in Matelândia, in the State of Paraná, employing seven management systems: soybean/silage/oats and turnip (SSOT); soybean/oats and turnip (SOT); soybean/silage/scarification + oats and turnip (SSSOT); soybean/silage and brachiaria (SSB); soybean/silage/oats (SSO); soybean and silage (SS) and soybean and maize (SM), repeated over two consecutive years. In the treatments that included WPF, 100 m3 ha-1 yr-1 were applied, split into two equal doses: one on the maize and the other on the cover crops. The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks (RCB), with four replications per treatment, and four samples per replication. The system with no cover crops had a higher RP; the 0.10 to 0.15 m layer of soil had the highest RP; whereas the application of WPF at a dose of 100 m3 ha-1 yr-1 decreased the RP.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678316
title: Nutritive value of elephant grass silage added with cottonseed cake in diet for sheep

description: ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets containing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) silage containing 0; 7; 14 and 21% cottonseed cake. Twenty Morada Nova sheep were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic and isofibrous. There was no effect of cottonseed cake levels on nutrient intake and digestibility coefficient of ether extract. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total carbohydrates and non-fiber carbohydrates presented a linear reduction with the levels of cottonseed cake varying from, respectively, 537.97 to 421.21; 566.54 to 446.42; 595, 38 to 415.62; 544.90 to 421.84 and 697.85 to 521.03, at levels 0 and 21%. The N intake and the urinary N, in the various forms, as well as the fecal N expressed in g day-1 and g kg-0.75, were not influenced by the cottonseed cake levels in the silages. The fecal N presented a quadratic response with a minimum value of 39.09% NI when 3.20% cottonseed cake was added to elephant grass silage. Nitrogen balance showed a quadratic response with a maximum value of 6.50 g day-1; 0.79 g kg-0.75 and 35.07% NI at the levels of 3.25, 5.00 and 4.95% cottonseed cake, respectively. The inclusion of 5% cottonseed cake in elephant grass silage promotes better efficiency in the use of protein sources when aimed at using silage in the composition of a balanced diet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678316.v1
title: Nutritive value of elephant grass silage added with cottonseed cake in diet for sheep

description: ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets containing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) silage containing 0; 7; 14 and 21% cottonseed cake. Twenty Morada Nova sheep were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic and isofibrous. There was no effect of cottonseed cake levels on nutrient intake and digestibility coefficient of ether extract. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total carbohydrates and non-fiber carbohydrates presented a linear reduction with the levels of cottonseed cake varying from, respectively, 537.97 to 421.21; 566.54 to 446.42; 595, 38 to 415.62; 544.90 to 421.84 and 697.85 to 521.03, at levels 0 and 21%. The N intake and the urinary N, in the various forms, as well as the fecal N expressed in g day-1 and g kg-0.75, were not influenced by the cottonseed cake levels in the silages. The fecal N presented a quadratic response with a minimum value of 39.09% NI when 3.20% cottonseed cake was added to elephant grass silage. Nitrogen balance showed a quadratic response with a maximum value of 6.50 g day-1; 0.79 g kg-0.75 and 35.07% NI at the levels of 3.25, 5.00 and 4.95% cottonseed cake, respectively. The inclusion of 5% cottonseed cake in elephant grass silage promotes better efficiency in the use of protein sources when aimed at using silage in the composition of a balanced diet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678322
title: Calcium anacardate in the diet of broiler chickens: the effects on growth and bone quality

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of adding calcium anacardate (ACa) as a source of anacardic acid to the diet of broiler chickens on the growth, quality and bone composition of the femur and tibia of the birds. A total of 840 male chicks, one day old, were kept in a completely randomised experimental design, with six treatments and seven replications of 20 birds. The following treatments were applied: a diet without the addition of growth promoter (GP), a diet with added GP and other diets with no GP and the addition of ACa at levels of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%. The variables under analysis were the weight, length, diameter, Seedor index, and the resistance and deformity of the left femur and tibia of the birds. For bone composition, the dry matter and mineral matter of the right femur and tibia of the chickens were analysed. There were no significant differences between treatments in the growth, quality or composition of the femur or tibia of the birds, showing that the use of calcium anacardate as a source of anacardic acid does not affect bone deposition in broiler chickens up to 42 days of age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678322.v1
title: Calcium anacardate in the diet of broiler chickens: the effects on growth and bone quality

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of adding calcium anacardate (ACa) as a source of anacardic acid to the diet of broiler chickens on the growth, quality and bone composition of the femur and tibia of the birds. A total of 840 male chicks, one day old, were kept in a completely randomised experimental design, with six treatments and seven replications of 20 birds. The following treatments were applied: a diet without the addition of growth promoter (GP), a diet with added GP and other diets with no GP and the addition of ACa at levels of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%. The variables under analysis were the weight, length, diameter, Seedor index, and the resistance and deformity of the left femur and tibia of the birds. For bone composition, the dry matter and mineral matter of the right femur and tibia of the chickens were analysed. There were no significant differences between treatments in the growth, quality or composition of the femur or tibia of the birds, showing that the use of calcium anacardate as a source of anacardic acid does not affect bone deposition in broiler chickens up to 42 days of age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848085
title: Evaluation of mathematical equations for estimating leaf area in rapeseed

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate estimations of leaf area in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the potential for application to different genotypes, environmental conditions and types of crop management. In experiments conducted during 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017, three genotypes of rapeseed, five doses of nitrogen and three sowing dates were used. Leaves were randomly collected from different plants and positions on the plants. The leaf area (LA), and maximum width (W) and length (L) were determined for each leaf, and the product of L and W (LxW) was calculated. Fifty-six equations for estimating LA in rapeseed, where the independent variables were W, L or LxW, were compiled from the bibliography and evaluated in this work. The evaluation was made using the following statistics: significance of the linear (a) and angular (b) coefficients of the regression around the 1:1 line, concordance index (d), bias index (BIAS), mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), random mean squared error (MSEr) and systematic mean squared error (MSEs). Only 11 equations showed the a and b coefficients as not being different from 0 and 1 respectively. However, only 10 were suitable, as they displayed the lowest values for d, BIAS, MAE and RME, and the MSEs was smaller than the MSEr. The MAE ranged from 5.4 cm2 to 16.2 cm2, well within the error range for generating the equations. LA in rapeseed can be estimated by general biometric equations without considering the specificity of the genotype or the morphological type of the leaf.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848085.v1
title: Evaluation of mathematical equations for estimating leaf area in rapeseed

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate estimations of leaf area in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the potential for application to different genotypes, environmental conditions and types of crop management. In experiments conducted during 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017, three genotypes of rapeseed, five doses of nitrogen and three sowing dates were used. Leaves were randomly collected from different plants and positions on the plants. The leaf area (LA), and maximum width (W) and length (L) were determined for each leaf, and the product of L and W (LxW) was calculated. Fifty-six equations for estimating LA in rapeseed, where the independent variables were W, L or LxW, were compiled from the bibliography and evaluated in this work. The evaluation was made using the following statistics: significance of the linear (a) and angular (b) coefficients of the regression around the 1:1 line, concordance index (d), bias index (BIAS), mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), random mean squared error (MSEr) and systematic mean squared error (MSEs). Only 11 equations showed the a and b coefficients as not being different from 0 and 1 respectively. However, only 10 were suitable, as they displayed the lowest values for d, BIAS, MAE and RME, and the MSEs was smaller than the MSEr. The MAE ranged from 5.4 cm2 to 16.2 cm2, well within the error range for generating the equations. LA in rapeseed can be estimated by general biometric equations without considering the specificity of the genotype or the morphological type of the leaf.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848064.v1
title: Kinetics drying of silver banana (Musa spp.) in hybrid dryer

description: ABSTRACT The search for the reduction of production costs and for the diversification of the commercialization of agricultural products is necessary when looking to ensure autonomy and increase income for farmers. The use of solar dryers for the dry fruits production provides an excellent alternative for consideration. However, in order to introduce this technology, one must understand the drying kinetics for a given product. This paper’s purpose was to study the intermittent drying kinetics of banana in a hybrid dryer. The drying was performed in a hybrid dryer composed of a solar collector (photothermal energy), a drying chamber containing Banana-Prata cut into cylindrical and disc shapes and a power-driven exhaust system. The process occurred during four sequential days, totaling 78 h of operation and 12 h of intermittence. The effective drying period took 39 h, with a temperature and relative humidity inside the drying chamber of 43.4 °C and 45.3%, respectively, and an air speed of 1.0 m.s-1. In the first few hours of drying, a sharp decrease in the moisture content was verified. During this period, the maximum and minimum drying temperatures were approximately 42 and 28 °C, respectively. A higher reduction in the moisture content of the disc samples was observed when compared to the cylindrical shape. After the intermittence period, a peak of moisture ratio was observed, followed by a marked loss of water in the fruit in both formats. The results have shown that the Page model is the one that better applies to the experimental data for the intermittent solar drying of banana in both shapes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848064
title: Kinetics drying of silver banana (Musa spp.) in hybrid dryer

description: ABSTRACT The search for the reduction of production costs and for the diversification of the commercialization of agricultural products is necessary when looking to ensure autonomy and increase income for farmers. The use of solar dryers for the dry fruits production provides an excellent alternative for consideration. However, in order to introduce this technology, one must understand the drying kinetics for a given product. This paper’s purpose was to study the intermittent drying kinetics of banana in a hybrid dryer. The drying was performed in a hybrid dryer composed of a solar collector (photothermal energy), a drying chamber containing Banana-Prata cut into cylindrical and disc shapes and a power-driven exhaust system. The process occurred during four sequential days, totaling 78 h of operation and 12 h of intermittence. The effective drying period took 39 h, with a temperature and relative humidity inside the drying chamber of 43.4 °C and 45.3%, respectively, and an air speed of 1.0 m.s-1. In the first few hours of drying, a sharp decrease in the moisture content was verified. During this period, the maximum and minimum drying temperatures were approximately 42 and 28 °C, respectively. A higher reduction in the moisture content of the disc samples was observed when compared to the cylindrical shape. After the intermittence period, a peak of moisture ratio was observed, followed by a marked loss of water in the fruit in both formats. The results have shown that the Page model is the one that better applies to the experimental data for the intermittent solar drying of banana in both shapes.