cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sc6k5
title: Data from: Sexual traits are sensitive to genetic stress and predict extinction risk in the stalk-eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii

description: The handicap principle predicts that sexual traits are more susceptible to
 inbreeding depression than nonsexual traits. However, this hypothesis has
 received little testing and results are inconsistent. We used 11
 generations of full-sibling mating to test the effect of inbreeding on
 sexual and nonsexual traits in the stalk-eyed fly Diasemopsis meigenii.
 Consistent with the theoretical predictions, the male sexual trait
 (eyespan) decreased more than nonsexual traits (female eyespan and male
 wing length), even after controlling for body size variation. In addition,
 male eyespan was a reliable predictor of line extinction, unlike other
 nonsexual traits. After 11 generations, inbred lines were crossed to
 generate inbred and outbred families. All morphological traits were larger
 in outbred individuals than inbred individuals. This heterosis was greater
 in male eyespan than in male wing length, but not female eyespan. The
 elevated response in male eyespan to genetic stress mirrored the result
 found using environmental stress during larval development and suggests
 that common mechanisms underlie the patterns observed. Overall, these
 results support the hypothesis that male sexual traits suffer more from
 inbreeding depression than nonsexual traits and are in line with
 predictions based on the handicap principle.
description: Bellamy et al. file
 1Bellamy et al. FIle
 2Bellamy et al. File
 3
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q18d9k6
title: Data from: Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system

description: The ecological specialization of parasites - whether they can obtain high
 fitness on very few or very many different host species - is a determining
 feature of their ecology. In order to properly assess specialization, it
 is imperative to measure parasite fitness across host species; to
 understand its origins, fitness must be decomposed into the underlying
 traits. Despite the omnipresence of parasites with multiple hosts, very
 few studies assess and decompose their specialization in this way. To
 bridge this gap, we quantified the infectivity, virulence, and
 transmission rate of two parasites, the horizontally transmitted
 microsporidians Anostracospora rigaudi and Enterocytospora artemiae, in
 their natural hosts, the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia
 franciscana. Our results demonstrate that each parasite performs well on
 one of the two host species (A. rigaudi on A. parthenogenetica, and E.
 artemiae on A. franciscana), and poorly on the other. This partial
 specialization is driven by high infectivity and transmission rates in the
 preferred host, and is associated with maladaptive virulence and large
 costs of resistance in the other. Our study represents a rare empirical
 contribution to the study of parasite evolution in multi-host systems,
 highlighting the negative effects of under- and over-exploitation when
 adapting to multiple hosts.
description: ReadMeexperiment 1 -
 analysissee
 ReadMeexperiment 1 -
 datasee
 ReadMeexperiment 2 -
 analysissee
 ReadMeexperiment 2 -
 datasee
 ReadMe
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.284gk
title: Data from: Ecological constraints on female fitness in a phytophagous insect

description: Although crucial for population demography, our understanding of how and
 to which relative extent different ecological factors constrain female
 reproduction suffers from difficulties in studying links between
 individual behavior, life history and fitness in nature. We here present
 such data on females in a natural population of the butterfly Leptidea
 sinapis. The data were combined with climate records and laboratory
 estimates of life history parameters to predict the relative impact of
 different ecological constraints on female fitness in the wild. We
 partitioned effects of male courtship, host plant availability, and
 temperature on female fitness using simulation models. Results indicate
 that temperature is the most constraining factor on female fitness,
 followed by host plant availability, whereas the short-term negative
 effects of male courtship detected in the field study were less important
 in models predicting female reproductive success over the entire lifespan.
 In the simulations females with more reproductive reserves were more
 limited by the ecological variables. Reproductive physiology and egg
 laying behavior were therefore predicted to be co-optimized but reach
 different optima for females of different body sizes, a prediction
 supported by the empirical data. This study thus highlights the need of
 studying behavioral and life history variation in orchestration to achieve
 a more complete picture of both demographic and evolutionary processes in
 naturally variable and unpredictable environments.
description: labdatalifetime fecundity, lifespan, reproductive rate and body size of 32 femalessvanberga_2temperature and sun radiation data for hours of butterfly activity (09.00-16.00) for the years 1996-2008. "combined" coloumn contains estimates of butterfly temperatures (taking into account effects of sun+ambient temperature)host qualityData on height, freshness and flower number of accepted and rejected host plantshostquality.txtfielddataData on body size, egg laying rates and host selectvity, and male courtship rates of females followed in the field at the Rial site in 2007 and 2008.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5b32
title: Data from: Learning outdoors: Male lizards show flexible spatial learning under semi-natural conditions

description: Spatial cognition is predicted to be a fundamental component of fitness in
 many lizard species, and yet some studies suggest that it is relatively
 slow and inflexible. However, such claims are based on work conducted
 using experimental designs or in artificial contexts that may
 underestimate their cognitive abilities. We used a biologically realistic
 experimental procedure (using simulated predatory attacks) to study
 spatial learning and its flexibility in the lizard Eulamprus quoyii in
 semi-natural outdoor enclosures under similar conditions to those
 experienced by lizards in the wild. To evaluate the flexibility of spatial
 learning, we conducted a reversal spatial-learning task in which positive
 and negative reinforcements of learnt spatial stimuli were switched.
 Nineteen (32%) male lizards learnt both tasks within 10 days (spatial task
 mean: 8.16 ± 0.69 (s.e.) and reversal spatial task mean: 10.74 ± 0.98
 (s.e.) trials). We demonstrate that E. quoyii are capable of flexible
 spatial learning and suggest that future studies focus on a range of
 lizard species which differ in phylogeny and/or ecology, using
 biologically relevant cognitive tasks, in an effort to bridge the
 cognitive divide between ecto- and endotherms.
description: Noble_et_al_2012Number of incorrect choices and latency (seconds) to enter a safe refuge for 60 Eulamprus quoyii lizards across 10-11 days and 30-33 trials. Data was used to run a GLMM and collected under semi-natural conditions. NA values are incidences were lizards were already in the safe refuge. Datafile was created in microsoft 2011 (Mac OS X)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q42b2
title: Data from: The role of fecundity and sexual selection in the evolution of size and sexual size dimorphism in New World and Old World voles (Rodentia: Arvicolinae)

description: Evolutionary ecologists dating back to Darwin (1871) have sought to
 understand why males are larger than females in some species, and why
 females are the larger sex in others. Although the former is widespread in
 mammals, rodents and other small mammals usually exhibit low levels of
 sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Here, we investigate patterns of sexual
 dimorphism in 34 vole species belonging to the subfamily Arvicolinae in a
 phylogenetic comparative framework. We address the potential role of
 sexual selection and fecundity selection in creating sex differences in
 body size. No support was found for hyperallometric scaling of male body
 size to female body size. We observed a marginally significant
 relationship between SSD and the ratio of male to female home range size,
 with the latter being positively related to the level of intrasexual
 competition for mates. This suggests that sexual selection favours larger
 males. Interestingly, we also found that habitat type, but not mating
 system, constitutes a strong predictor of SSD. Species inhabiting open
 habitats – where males have extensive home ranges in order to gain access
 to as many females as possible – exhibit a higher mean dimorphism than
 species inhabiting closed habitats, where females show strong
 territoriality and an uniform distribution preventing males to adopt a
 territorial strategy for gaining copulations. Nonetheless, variation in
 the strength of sexual selection is not the only selective force shaping
 SSD in voles; we also found a positive association between female size and
 litter size across lineages. Assuming this relationship also exists within
 lineages (i.e. fecundity selection on female size), this suggests an
 additional role for variation in the strength of fecundity selection
 shaping interspecific differences in female size, and indirectly in SSD.
 Therefore our results suggest that different selective processes act on
 the sizes of males and females, but because larger size is favoured in
 both sexes, SSD is on average relatively small.
description: Phylogenetic tree of the
 34 vole species used in the comparative analysis.Tree_García-Navas et
 al.nwkSupplementary
 ReferencesReferences.docEcological and morphological information (raw dataset)SexualSizeDimorphism_Arvicolinae.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8967
title: Data from: Determinants of northerly range limits along the Himalayan bird diversity gradient

description: The first-order explanation for the latitudinal gradient in species
 diversity must lie in why species fail to expand ranges across different
 climatic regimes. Theories of species gradients based in niche
 conservatism assume that whole clades are confined to particular climatic
 regimes, because the traits they share limit adaptation to alternative
 regimes. We assess these theories in an analysis of the twofold decline in
 bird species richness along the Himalayas from the southeast to the
 northwest. The presence of fewer species in the northwest is entirely due
 to a steep decline in the number of forest species; species occupying more
 open habitats show a reversed gradient. Forest species numbers are
 exceptionally high at mid-elevations (1,000-2,000m) in the southeast,
 which experience a warm wet climate not present in the northwest, and a
 high proportion of these species fail to expand their range to the
 northwest. Despite this, many species do have populations or close
 relatives which straddle different climatic regimes, along altitudinal
 gradients and/or the regional gradient, implying that climate-based niche
 conservatism per se does not strongly constrain range limits. We argue
 that climate- and competition-mediated resource distributions are
 important in setting northerly range limits and show that one measure of
 forest resources (foliage density) is lower in the northwest.
description: Supplement1RawDataExcel file which provides altitudinal ranges of all species in the study, mainly derived from published work, plus some information on geographical extent. Provides information on vegetational enumeration.SupplementPhylogenyWord file which describes method of phylogeny construction and gives the phylogeny in Newick format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.36910
title: Data from: Dominance, gender, and season influence food patch use in a group-living, solitary foraging canid

description: In patchy environments, foragers adopt different strategies to acquire
 resources depending on their internal state and external physical and
 social environment: this has important fitness consequences. Linking
 individual variation in patch use to tangible characteristics is key to
 understand many higher-level ecological processes. We studied patch use by
 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the city of Bristol, UK. We placed camera
 traps in gardens where householders provisioned foxes (patches) to
 investigate whether 1) foxes discriminated between patches based on food
 availability, quantified as provisioning frequency (predictability) and
 the energy value of provisioned food; and 2) individual patch use varied
 with dominance, gender, and season. Increased frequency of provisioning
 encouraged more foxes to visit and to stay longer in patches. All foxes
 visited the most predictable patches first each day, but females were more
 selective and generally more efficient foragers than males. Females
 increased foraging effort during cub rearing, whereas males reduced patch
 use in the dispersal and mating season. Dominants and subordinates shared
 patches spatiotemporally, possibly facilitated by relatedness and
 familiarity between group members. However, dominants visited more food
 patches on their territory, spent more time in predictable patches and fed
 earlier than subordinates. Subordinates may compensate for competition by
 visiting patches of lower quality or outside their territory, which is
 inefficient and risky. Our results demonstrate gender differences in
 behavioral motivation, show how subordinates forego foraging efficiency to
 mitigate intra-group competition and reveal how human provisioning
 influences fox space use in urban areas.
description: All provisioning and
 patch visitation data filesData on food
 availability and patch visitation by individually identified red foxes,
 derived from camera trap surveys. Data are submitted as they were used for
 analyses in R, with separate CSV files for the different data types
 associated with the different analyses in the paper. Refer to the
 README.txt file for detailed descriptions of the column headings in each
 CSV file.Dryad data_Dorning & Harris
 2017 Beh Ecol.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h90j32v2
title: Data from: Inbreeding and inbreeding depression of early life traits in a cooperative mammal

description: Mating between relatives often results in negative fitness consequences or
 inbreeding depression. However, the expression of inbreeding in
 populations of wild cooperative mammals and the effects of environmental,
 maternal and social factors on inbreeding depression in these systems are
 currently not well understood. This study uses pedigree-based inbreeding
 coefficients from a long-term study of meerkats (Suricata suricatta) in
 South Africa to reveal that 44% of the population have detectably non-zero
 (F&gt;0) inbreeding coefficients. 15% of these inbred individuals were
 the result of moderate inbreeding (F≥0.125), although such inbreeding
 events almost solely occurred when mating individuals had no prior
 experience of each other. Inbreeding depression was evident for a range of
 traits: pup mass at emergence from the natal burrow, hind-foot length,
 growth until independence and juvenile survival. However, we found no
 evidence of significant inbreeding depression for skull and forearm length
 or for pup survival. This research provides a rare investigation into
 inbreeding in a cooperative mammal, revealing high levels of inbreeding,
 considerable negative consequences and complex interactions with the
 social environment.
description: MixedModelData
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ma7h9a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2932 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Lepus saxatilis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2932 records from 55 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000672-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4554j
title: Data from: Interspecific hybridisation and interaction with cultivars affect the genetic variation of Ulmus minor and U. glabra in Flanders

description: Interspecific hybridisation and gene flow from cultivated plants may have
 profound effects on the evolution of wild species. Considering the
 cultural history and past use of U. minor and U. glabra trees in Flanders
 (northern Belgium), we investigated the extent of human impact on the
 genetic variation of the remaining, supposedly indigenous elm populations.
 We therefore examined the rate of interspecific hybridisation, which is
 expected to be higher under human influence, the occurrence of clones
 within and among locations, the presence of cultivars and their possible
 offspring. Based on results produced using 385 Amplified Fragment Length
 Polymorphic (AFLP) markers, 46% of the 106 investigated Flemish elms
 appeared to be F1 hybrids or backcrosses to one of the parent species,
 while no F2 hybrids (F1 x F1 progeny) were found. Clonality was mainly
 found among U. minor and hybrids, which are more likely to form root
 suckers or sprouts as opposed to U. glabra. The majority of the studied
 locations (76% of the locations with multiple samples) showed evidence of
 clonal reproduction. Several, sometimes distant, locations shared a
 multilocus lineage. We also found indications of gene flow from cultivated
 elms into native species. It is conceivable that reproductive material has
 been moved around extensively, obscuring the natural genetic structure of
 the elm populations. The results help guide the Flemish elm genetic
 resources conservation program.
description: AFLP matrix
 UlmusThe data file contains
 two spread sheets. The first shows the AFLP data - in the first column the
 sample codes, in the second the location codes and in the third the
 species. The next 385 columns represent the different markers, named
 according to the primer combination and fragment size. Marker presence is
 noted as "1", marker absence is noted as "0". The
 second spread sheet contains location information: location code, country,
 city,longitude (lon),latitude (lat), number of samples (N) and remarks.
 Coordinates are in decimal degrees.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jb04
title: Data from: Age-related differences in bitter taste and efficacy of bitter blockers

description: Background: Bitter taste is the primary culprit for rejection of pediatric
 liquid medications. We probed the underlying biology of bitter sensing and
 the efficacy of two known bitter blockers in children and adults. Methods:
 A racially diverse group of 154 children (3-10 years old) and their
 mothers (N=118) evaluated the effectiveness of two bitter blockers, sodium
 gluconate (NaG) and monosodium glutamate (MSG), for five food-grade bitter
 compounds (quinine, denatonium benzoate, caffeine, propylthiouracil
 (PROP), urea) using a forced-choice method of paired comparisons. The
 trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01407939). Results: The
 blockers reduced bitterness in 7 of 10 bitter-blocker combinations for
 adults but only 3 of 10 for children, suggesting that efficacy depends on
 age and is also specific to each bitter-blocker combination. Only the
 bitterness of urea was reduced by both blockers in both age groups,
 whereas the bitterness of PROP was not reduced by either blocker in either
 age group regardless of TAS2R38 genotype. Children liked the salty taste
 of the blocker NaG more than did adults, but both groups liked the savory
 taste of MSG equally. Conclusions and Relevance: Bitter blocking was less
 effective in children, and the efficacy of blocking was both age and
 compound specific. This knowledge will pave the way for evidence-based
 strategies to help develop better-tasting medicines and highlights the
 conclusion that adult panelists and genotyping alone may not always be
 appropriate in evaluating the taste of a drug geared for children.
description: 20MAY2014 REPOSITORY
 BL_final PAIRED COMP_PROPMother and child data
 about whether bitter compounds are more or less bitter with added blockers
 such as sodium gluconate
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6vh02
title: Data from: Cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical units: economic evaluation in a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS)

description: Background: Poor outcomes and high resource-use are observed for frail
 older people discharged from acute medical units. A specialist geriatric
 medical intervention, to facilitate Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment,
 was developed to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes and associated
 high resource-use in this group in the post-discharge period. Objective:
 To examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric
 medical intervention for frail older people in the 90 days following
 discharge from an acute medical unit, compared with standard care.
 Methods: Economic evaluation was conducted alongside a two-centre
 randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS). 433 patients (aged 70 or over) at
 risk of future health problems, discharged from acute medical units within
 72 hours of attending hospital, were recruited in two general hospitals in
 Nottingham and Leicester, UK. Participants were randomised to the
 intervention, comprising geriatrician assessment in acute units and
 further specialist management, or to control where patients received no
 additional intervention over and above standard care. Primary outcome was
 incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: We
 undertook cost-effectiveness analysis for 417 patients (intervention:
 205). The difference in mean adjusted QALYs gained between groups at 3
 months was -0.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.009, 0.007). Total
 adjusted secondary and social care costs, including direct costs of the
 intervention, at 3 months were £4412 (€5624, $6878) and £4110 (€5239,
 $6408) for the intervention and standard care groups, the incremental cost
 was £302 (95% CI: 193, 410) [€385, $471]. The intervention was dominated
 by standard care with probability of 62%, and with 0% probability of
 cost-effectiveness (at £20,000/QALY threshold). Conclusions: The
 specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people
 discharged from acute medical unit was not cost-effective. Further
 research on designing effective and cost-effective specialist service for
 frail older people discharged from acute medical units is needed.
description: AMIGOS economic
 evaluation datasetThe file contains data
 used in the trial-based economic evaluation analyses presented in the
 paper. In the first sheet, clinical data is provided. Subsequent sheets
 contain resource use data for inpatient and daycase care (2nd sheet), and
 outpatient visits data (3rd sheet). Costs of social care episodes are in
 the 4th sheet. Intervention resource use data is in the 5th sheet.
 Additionally, costs per patient for primary and tertiary care, collected
 for Nottingham centre only and not included in the main economic
 evaluation, are in the 6th sheet. Descriptions of variables and additional
 information are in the columns and related sheets in the dataset, and in
 the relevant paper sections.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18275692
title: Simulation files (Cases 4-6) for ApJ Article "A Dynamo Confinement Scenario for the Solar Tachocline and its Implications for Spin-down in the Radiative Spreading Regime"
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18275693
title: Simulation files (Cases 4-6) for ApJ Article "A Dynamo Confinement Scenario for the Solar Tachocline and its Implications for Spin-down in the Radiative Spreading Regime"