DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq2m6
title: Data from: Small and ugly? Phylogenetic analyses of the “selfing syndrome” reveal complex evolutionary fates of monomorphic primrose flowers

description: One of the most common trends in plant evolution, loss of
 self-incompatibility and ensuing increases in selfing, is generally
 assumed to be associated with a suite of phenotypic changes, notably a
 reduction of floral size, termed the selfing syndrome. We investigate
 whether floral morphological traits indeed decrease in a deterministic
 fashion after losses of self-incompatibility, as traditionally expected,
 using a phylogeny of 124 primrose species containing nine independent
 transitions from heterostyly (heteromorphic incompatibility) to homostyly
 (monomorphic self-compatibility), a classic system for evolution of
 selfing. We find similar overall variability of homostylous and
 heterostylous species, except for diminished herkogamy in homostyles.
 Bayesian mixed models demonstrate differences between homostylous and
 heterostylous species in all traits, but net effects across species are
 small (except herkogamy) and directionality differs among traits. Strongly
 drift-like evolutionary trajectories of corolla tube length and corolla
 diameter inferred by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models contrast with expected
 deterministic trajectories toward small floral size. Lineage-specific
 population genetic effects associated with evolution of selfing may
 explain that reductions of floral size represent one of several possible
 outcomes of floral evolution after loss of heterostyly in primroses.
 Contrary to the traditional paradigm, selfing syndromes may, but do not
 necessarily evolve in response to increased selfing.
description: Quantitative
 morphological data, 124 primrose speciesmorphoAlldata_124taxa_Dryad.txtBinary scoring of heterostyly, 124 taxa datasetContains scoring (heterostyly, homostyly) of breeding system for the 124 taxa of the Primula clademorphoBinaryScoring_124taxa_Dryad.txtBinary scoring of heterostyly, 265 Primulaceae taxaContains scoring of breeding system for the 265 taxa of Primulaceae s.str.morphoBinaryScoring_265taxa_Dryad.txtSpecies means data, 124 primrose speciesContains species means, calculated from the data in file "morphoAlldata_124taxa_Dryad.txt". Rows represent species with their means. Column "n_obs" is the number of observations from which the means were calculated. Other columns as for "morphoAlldata_124taxa_Dryad.txt".morphoMeans_124taxa_Dryad.txtPrimulaceae phylogeny 265 taxa chronogramContains maximum clade credibility tree with median node heights of 265 Primulaceae taxa, based on a 3 locus cpDNA dataset. Branchlengths in absolute time (MY), estimated using the UCLN clock model in BEAST. Tree is taken from the study of De Vos JM, Hughes C, Schneeweiss GM, Moore BR, Conti E. Heterostyly accelerates diversification via reduced extinction in Darwin’s primroses. Submitted manuscript. TreeBASE reference TB2:S14824PrimulaceaePhylogenyUCLN_265taxa_Dryad.trePrimula phylogeny, 124 taxa chronogramContains the phylogenetic tree for the 124 taxa of the Primula clade, obtained by pruning branches from the 265 taxon tree.PrimulaPhylogenyUCLN_124taxa_Dryad.tre