cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518155
title: Using the mineralogy of river sediments as pollution indicator of clay mining activity

description: ABSTRACT View of the difficulty to elect standards for water pollution control in clay mining activity, this study aimed to verify the possibility of using the mineralogy of river sediments as a pollution indicator of clay mining activity. The study was carried out in the Assistência Stream basin, located in the largest ceramic pole of the Americas. Surface water samples of Assistência Stream were collected in 67 field campaigns in 2014. This stream showed an average annual discharge of 0.8 m3.s-1 with an annual flux of suspended solids of 3,680 t.year-1 and an annual flux of dissolved solids of 4,234 t.year-1. The mineralogical analysis of fluvial sediments indicated the presence of quartz, montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite in the fraction &lt;53 micrometers. The kaolinite is from the surface soil erosion. However, the illite, predominant clay mineral in the rocks explored by mining, is practically absent in the surface horizon of the Assistência Stream basin. Thus, its presence in the suspended solids transported by Assistência Stream is associated with atmospheric deposition of dust produced during clay mining activities present in this watershed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518155.v1
title: Using the mineralogy of river sediments as pollution indicator of clay mining activity

description: ABSTRACT View of the difficulty to elect standards for water pollution control in clay mining activity, this study aimed to verify the possibility of using the mineralogy of river sediments as a pollution indicator of clay mining activity. The study was carried out in the Assistência Stream basin, located in the largest ceramic pole of the Americas. Surface water samples of Assistência Stream were collected in 67 field campaigns in 2014. This stream showed an average annual discharge of 0.8 m3.s-1 with an annual flux of suspended solids of 3,680 t.year-1 and an annual flux of dissolved solids of 4,234 t.year-1. The mineralogical analysis of fluvial sediments indicated the presence of quartz, montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite in the fraction &lt;53 micrometers. The kaolinite is from the surface soil erosion. However, the illite, predominant clay mineral in the rocks explored by mining, is practically absent in the surface horizon of the Assistência Stream basin. Thus, its presence in the suspended solids transported by Assistência Stream is associated with atmospheric deposition of dust produced during clay mining activities present in this watershed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512377
title: Rule curve for seasonal increasing of water concessions in reservoirs with low regularized discharges

description: ABSTRACT Regions with high hydrological variability are usually supplied by reservoirs that regularize discharges inter-annually, with low discharge of regularization, seasonally subject to large overflow and evaporation losses in their periods of high water levels. The Brazilian semiarid is one of such regions. This work looks at the possibility of using water that would be evaporated and/or spilled, in regions with such characteristics, to supply demands that would not be otherwise provided by the maximum legally allowed withdrawal discharge. The proposed method was applied to the operation of a large reservoir, located in the semiarid region of Brazil. Through simulation of the water budget and optimization, a rule curve was developed for reservoir operation for achieving the maximum exploitable reservoir withdrawal in rainy periods. The results show that it is possible to use the excess water in periods of large inflows with no damage to water supply during dry periods.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512377.v1
title: Rule curve for seasonal increasing of water concessions in reservoirs with low regularized discharges

description: ABSTRACT Regions with high hydrological variability are usually supplied by reservoirs that regularize discharges inter-annually, with low discharge of regularization, seasonally subject to large overflow and evaporation losses in their periods of high water levels. The Brazilian semiarid is one of such regions. This work looks at the possibility of using water that would be evaporated and/or spilled, in regions with such characteristics, to supply demands that would not be otherwise provided by the maximum legally allowed withdrawal discharge. The proposed method was applied to the operation of a large reservoir, located in the semiarid region of Brazil. Through simulation of the water budget and optimization, a rule curve was developed for reservoir operation for achieving the maximum exploitable reservoir withdrawal in rainy periods. The results show that it is possible to use the excess water in periods of large inflows with no damage to water supply during dry periods.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509488
title: Application of ecological indicators in coastal watershed under high pressure during summer period

description: ABSTRACT Water bodies located in coastal areas are subject to human pressures and the loss of environmental quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the river Papaquara through water quality and river landscape, using the Trophic Index (TRIX) and Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP). The study was developed in the watershed located in the north of the island of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – SC, whose population increase in the summer is around 280%. The Trophic Index and the Rapid Assessment Protocol were evaluated in the pre-summer period, summer and after-summer in seven sample points along the inner areas (higher population density), median and outside the Papaquara river, plus two points in affluent. The river Papaquara showed up in great stress state, is classified as eutrophic, 77% of the samples and changed in 50% of the sampled area, as the TRIX index and RAP, respectively. The internal area registered up eutrophic and impacted in all periods analyzed. The median area and the outer decreased their water quality, due to summer activity, while there was no change in environmental quality by RAP. A significant correlation between the indices used indicated that the RAP should be used with caution to describe the condition of water quality. This analysis has submitted be more appropriate when used in river scale as a whole, but not isolated segments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509488.v1
title: Application of ecological indicators in coastal watershed under high pressure during summer period

description: ABSTRACT Water bodies located in coastal areas are subject to human pressures and the loss of environmental quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the river Papaquara through water quality and river landscape, using the Trophic Index (TRIX) and Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP). The study was developed in the watershed located in the north of the island of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – SC, whose population increase in the summer is around 280%. The Trophic Index and the Rapid Assessment Protocol were evaluated in the pre-summer period, summer and after-summer in seven sample points along the inner areas (higher population density), median and outside the Papaquara river, plus two points in affluent. The river Papaquara showed up in great stress state, is classified as eutrophic, 77% of the samples and changed in 50% of the sampled area, as the TRIX index and RAP, respectively. The internal area registered up eutrophic and impacted in all periods analyzed. The median area and the outer decreased their water quality, due to summer activity, while there was no change in environmental quality by RAP. A significant correlation between the indices used indicated that the RAP should be used with caution to describe the condition of water quality. This analysis has submitted be more appropriate when used in river scale as a whole, but not isolated segments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517738
title: Variation of rainwater quality with precipitation: application to Santa Maria city - RS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality of rainwater in the city of Santa Maria - RS, to assess the variation of some parameters during precipitation, and to identify the most appropriate uses for rainwater depending on the current standards for the use of rainwater and reuse water. Rainwater samples were collected directly from the atmosphere and a roof in order to analyze the changes in quality after passing the catchment surface. Each sampler was divided into five compartments to collect and store separately the first five millimeters of rain. The quality characteristics of rainwater were assessed using the following parameters: pH, conductivity, turbidity, BOD5, total solids, suspended solids, dissolved solids, and Escherichia coli. In some events iron, manganese, phosphate, ammonia and nitrate were also analyzed. It was observed that the quality of rainwater changed after its passage through the catchment. In raw state, rainwater can be used for non-potable purposes, it being recommended to discard at least the initial 2 mm. If treated, rainwater acquires a quality compatible with other uses, such as flushing toilets and washing vehicles. The behavior of some parameters was sensitive to changes in the precipitation characteristics, and there was a variation in the values related to the increase or decrease in the intensity of rainfall.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517738.v1
title: Variation of rainwater quality with precipitation: application to Santa Maria city - RS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality of rainwater in the city of Santa Maria - RS, to assess the variation of some parameters during precipitation, and to identify the most appropriate uses for rainwater depending on the current standards for the use of rainwater and reuse water. Rainwater samples were collected directly from the atmosphere and a roof in order to analyze the changes in quality after passing the catchment surface. Each sampler was divided into five compartments to collect and store separately the first five millimeters of rain. The quality characteristics of rainwater were assessed using the following parameters: pH, conductivity, turbidity, BOD5, total solids, suspended solids, dissolved solids, and Escherichia coli. In some events iron, manganese, phosphate, ammonia and nitrate were also analyzed. It was observed that the quality of rainwater changed after its passage through the catchment. In raw state, rainwater can be used for non-potable purposes, it being recommended to discard at least the initial 2 mm. If treated, rainwater acquires a quality compatible with other uses, such as flushing toilets and washing vehicles. The behavior of some parameters was sensitive to changes in the precipitation characteristics, and there was a variation in the values related to the increase or decrease in the intensity of rainfall.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510331
title: Evaporation from Camargos hydropower plant reservoir: water footprint characterization

description: ABSTRACT In recent years, a relevant debate has been raised by a question related to if the hydropower plants indeed represent a non-consumptive use of water resources. In this context, this work was developed at the Camargos Hydropower Plant reservoir, Grande river basin, southern Minas Gerais state, aiming to estimate evaporation rates, which allow the characterization of the Water Footprint in this facility, between the years of 2010 and 2014. Evaporation rates were estimated based on Linacre, Penman and Penman-Monteith methods. Regarding the distribution of evaporation throughout the year, all methods showed the same seasonal pattern, consistent with the meteorological elements behavior that influence this physical process. Although an annual average evaporation considered normal for the studied region (1329 mm) and a small reservoir area (64 km2), this hydropower plant has presented low electric energy production as it is an old facility (more than 50 years) and has low installed capacity. Therefore, Camargos Hydropower Plant has presented, by all methods, a high Water Footprint (130 m3.GJ–1 on average) compared to estimates for other hydropower plants in Brazil and worldwide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510331.v1
title: Evaporation from Camargos hydropower plant reservoir: water footprint characterization

description: ABSTRACT In recent years, a relevant debate has been raised by a question related to if the hydropower plants indeed represent a non-consumptive use of water resources. In this context, this work was developed at the Camargos Hydropower Plant reservoir, Grande river basin, southern Minas Gerais state, aiming to estimate evaporation rates, which allow the characterization of the Water Footprint in this facility, between the years of 2010 and 2014. Evaporation rates were estimated based on Linacre, Penman and Penman-Monteith methods. Regarding the distribution of evaporation throughout the year, all methods showed the same seasonal pattern, consistent with the meteorological elements behavior that influence this physical process. Although an annual average evaporation considered normal for the studied region (1329 mm) and a small reservoir area (64 km2), this hydropower plant has presented low electric energy production as it is an old facility (more than 50 years) and has low installed capacity. Therefore, Camargos Hydropower Plant has presented, by all methods, a high Water Footprint (130 m3.GJ–1 on average) compared to estimates for other hydropower plants in Brazil and worldwide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506635
title: Ensemble flood forecasting based on operational forecasts of the regional Eta EPS in the Taquari-Antas basin

description: ABSTRACT Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Systems (HEPS) play an important role on operational flood forecasting. Unlike in deterministic approach, which relies on a single prediction of future river flows, these systems can represent the forecast uncertainty and provide a better detection of extreme hydro-meteorological events. In this context, the present study aimed to assess both the quality of ensemble flood forecasts on Taquari-Antas basin and its potential to provide additional information to a local Flood Alert System. The hydrological model MGB-IPH was coupled to the high-resolution meteorological EPS Eta model with five members of different parameterization schemes and boundary conditions, as well as to the deterministic version of Eta regional model. On a single event evaluation, the peak discharge was reasonable well predicted by at least one ensemble member, in nearly all forecasts, with a good prediction of the flood timing for the considered lead times. In a comparison with deterministic forecasts, the ensemble ones showed higher accuracy and higher probability of detection (POD) for the reference thresholds, preserving false alarm rates at reasonably low levels. An overall tendency of underestimation was also identified, with most observations falling between the higher ranks of the ensemble. Furthermore, the combination of previous forecasts (t-12h) with the recent ones leads to a slight increase of ensemble spread and POD, despite the performance reduction in terms of accuracy and bias for the ensemble mean. Results suggest that there is a benefit in having hydrological ensemble forecasts obtained from the high resolution EPS Eta model, which can be used as a complementary information to a local Flood Alert System supporting pre-alert issues and Civil Defense internal planning actions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506635.v1
title: Ensemble flood forecasting based on operational forecasts of the regional Eta EPS in the Taquari-Antas basin

description: ABSTRACT Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Systems (HEPS) play an important role on operational flood forecasting. Unlike in deterministic approach, which relies on a single prediction of future river flows, these systems can represent the forecast uncertainty and provide a better detection of extreme hydro-meteorological events. In this context, the present study aimed to assess both the quality of ensemble flood forecasts on Taquari-Antas basin and its potential to provide additional information to a local Flood Alert System. The hydrological model MGB-IPH was coupled to the high-resolution meteorological EPS Eta model with five members of different parameterization schemes and boundary conditions, as well as to the deterministic version of Eta regional model. On a single event evaluation, the peak discharge was reasonable well predicted by at least one ensemble member, in nearly all forecasts, with a good prediction of the flood timing for the considered lead times. In a comparison with deterministic forecasts, the ensemble ones showed higher accuracy and higher probability of detection (POD) for the reference thresholds, preserving false alarm rates at reasonably low levels. An overall tendency of underestimation was also identified, with most observations falling between the higher ranks of the ensemble. Furthermore, the combination of previous forecasts (t-12h) with the recent ones leads to a slight increase of ensemble spread and POD, despite the performance reduction in terms of accuracy and bias for the ensemble mean. Results suggest that there is a benefit in having hydrological ensemble forecasts obtained from the high resolution EPS Eta model, which can be used as a complementary information to a local Flood Alert System supporting pre-alert issues and Civil Defense internal planning actions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510361
title: Pressure determination method in stilling basins downstream of ski jump spillways

description: ABSTRACT This paper discusses the action of jets formed in ski jump spillways on pre-excavated stilling basins, with special emphasis on hydrodynamic pressures and their characterization in the bottom of the basin. Experimental trials were performed on a physical model built in the Hydraulic Works Laboratory of IPH (Institute of Hydraulic Research)/UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), applying different flows and depths, to study the action of the jets in stilling basins. The dynamic pressures observed in the physical model were compared with those calculated by a theoretical model in order to evaluate its application in engineering projects. Large pressure magnitude differences were observed in shallow water beds, while differences in pressure distribution were observed along the stilling basin bottom, especially when in deep water beds. Changes in the values of the parameters that regulate the shape of the pressure bulb formed by the jet were proposed, in combination with the use of a pressure damping coefficient, allowing to significantly improve the distribution and magnitude of the pressures calculated due to the action of jets in the stilling basin bottom. The results were satisfactory until a certain distance after the peak pressure caused by the jet. After this point, the hydraulic jump effects prevail and should be investigated in future studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510361.v1
title: Pressure determination method in stilling basins downstream of ski jump spillways

description: ABSTRACT This paper discusses the action of jets formed in ski jump spillways on pre-excavated stilling basins, with special emphasis on hydrodynamic pressures and their characterization in the bottom of the basin. Experimental trials were performed on a physical model built in the Hydraulic Works Laboratory of IPH (Institute of Hydraulic Research)/UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), applying different flows and depths, to study the action of the jets in stilling basins. The dynamic pressures observed in the physical model were compared with those calculated by a theoretical model in order to evaluate its application in engineering projects. Large pressure magnitude differences were observed in shallow water beds, while differences in pressure distribution were observed along the stilling basin bottom, especially when in deep water beds. Changes in the values of the parameters that regulate the shape of the pressure bulb formed by the jet were proposed, in combination with the use of a pressure damping coefficient, allowing to significantly improve the distribution and magnitude of the pressures calculated due to the action of jets in the stilling basin bottom. The results were satisfactory until a certain distance after the peak pressure caused by the jet. After this point, the hydraulic jump effects prevail and should be investigated in future studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507805
title: Qualitative characteristics of water resulting from the introduction of Eucalyptus silviculture in Pampa biome, RS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to present the effect on surface water quality of the introduction of eucalyptus forestry in areas that were traditionally used for extensive cattle farming in the Pampa biome, by comparing two paired watersheds located in the municipality of Rosário do Sul, one of them used for forestry and the other in an anthropized natural grassland condition in the Pampa biome. For this purpose, every fifteen days the following parameters were collected and analyzed in two watersheds with different land uses (watershed with grassland and extensive livestock farming – GW and watershed with Eucalyptus - EW) between the months of August 2011 and August 2012: pH, EC, temperature, turbidity and concentrations of SO42-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, BOD5,20, SS, DS, alkalinity, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Water quality and land use parameters averages were compared using the t-Test to account for the land use and seasonality. It was concluded that the introduction of forestry activity together with the areas of environmental protection required by the Brazilian legislation (Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA plus Legal Reserve - LR), contributed to the increased concentrations of conductivity, dissolved solids, alkalinity and calcium, and the decreased concentrations of total coliforms and Escherichia coli.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507805.v1
title: Qualitative characteristics of water resulting from the introduction of Eucalyptus silviculture in Pampa biome, RS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to present the effect on surface water quality of the introduction of eucalyptus forestry in areas that were traditionally used for extensive cattle farming in the Pampa biome, by comparing two paired watersheds located in the municipality of Rosário do Sul, one of them used for forestry and the other in an anthropized natural grassland condition in the Pampa biome. For this purpose, every fifteen days the following parameters were collected and analyzed in two watersheds with different land uses (watershed with grassland and extensive livestock farming – GW and watershed with Eucalyptus - EW) between the months of August 2011 and August 2012: pH, EC, temperature, turbidity and concentrations of SO42-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, BOD5,20, SS, DS, alkalinity, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Water quality and land use parameters averages were compared using the t-Test to account for the land use and seasonality. It was concluded that the introduction of forestry activity together with the areas of environmental protection required by the Brazilian legislation (Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA plus Legal Reserve - LR), contributed to the increased concentrations of conductivity, dissolved solids, alkalinity and calcium, and the decreased concentrations of total coliforms and Escherichia coli.