DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15979671
title: Mobility of Lactose in Milk Powders

description: 1H NMR and SEM data for skimmed (SMP) and fat-filled (FFMP) milk powders before and after exposure to humid air. Milk powders were acquired from Arla Foods amba. NMR experiments were undertaken at static magnetic fields of 9.4 T, 16.4 T, and 22.3 T with Bruker NMR instruments. Parameters are available in the metadata of each experiment - either as title, acqupars, or procpars for NMR and HDR files for SEM.

Data FoldersData are structured into several zipped data folders, marked with ** below.

**SEM: Contains scanning electron microscopy of SMP and FFMP, before after exposure to humidity (75%). Data are presented in four folders: two for before exposure (SMP, FFMP), and two for after exposure (SMP75%RH, FFMP75%RH). Images are in TIFF format with an accompanying HDR file containing the metadata as text. Contains data of Figure 1.

**MilkPowders1H400MHz: Contains 1H NMR spectra of milk powders at 9.4 T (400 MHz 1H) in Bruker folder format with and without MAS. Data corresponding to Figures 2-5. Contains several subfolders and experiment numbers. Each line indicates: sample type, measurement condition, folder, experiment subfolder, exposed relative humidity, number of days.

For Figure 2:SMP, MAS, '2024-01-31_1H2H_slim_milk', 2, 0% RHSMP, MAS, '2024-02-29_1H2H_slim_milk', 1, 33% RHSMP, MAS, '2024-02-03_1H2H_slim_milk', 14, 75% RHSMP, Static, '2024-02-02_1H2H_slim_milk', 3, 0% RHSMP, Static, '2024-02-29_1H2H_slim_milk', 8, 33% RHSMP, Static, '2024-02-02_1H2H_slim_milk', 31, 75% RHFFMP, Static, '2022-11-23_FFMP_4mm', 9, 0% RHFFMP, Static, '2023-08-22_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_120_4mm', 9, 33% RHFFMP, Static, '2023-08-10_FFMP_NaCl_16days_4mm', 9, 75% RHFFMP, Static, '2023-07-10_FFMP_KCl_3days_4mm', 9, 85% RHFFMP, Static, '2023-07-18_FFMP_Water_24hr_4mm', 4, 100% RHFFMP, MAS, '2023-07-03_FFMP_dry_4mm', 4, 0% RHFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-25_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_137_4mm', 3, 33% RHFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_NaCl_3days_137_4mm', 4, 75% RHFFMP, MAS, '2023-07-10_FFMP_KCl_3days_4mm', 3, 85% RHFFMP, MAS, '2023-07-18_FFMP_Water_24hr_4mm', 28, 100% RH

For Figure 3:SMP, MAS, '2024-02-03_1H2H_slim_milk', 2, 75% RH

For Figure 4:FFMP, MAS, '2023-08-25_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_137_4mm', 3, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-25_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_127_4mm', 4, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-25_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_114_4mm', 2, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-22_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_137_4mm', 3, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-22_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_127_4mm', 4, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-22_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_120_4mm', 3, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-22_FFMP_MgCl2_3d_114_4mm', 3, 33% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_water_24hr_127_4mm', 4, 100% RH, 1 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_water_24hr_120_4mm', 4, 100% RH, 1 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_NaCl_3days_137_4mm', 4, 75% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_NaCl_3days_127_4mm', 4, 75% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_NaCl_3days_120_4mm', 4, 75% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-08-14_FFMP_NaCl_3days_114_4mm', 4, 75%    RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-07-18_FFMP_Water_24hr_4mm', 28, 100% RH, 1 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-07-10_FFMP_KCl_3days_4mm', 3, 85% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-07-10_FFMP_KCl_3days_4mm', 36, 85% RH,    3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-06-27_FFMP_dry_4mm', 2, 0% RH,    0 days    FFMP, MAS, '2023-05-11_FFMP_dry_dano_4mm', 4, 0% RH, 0 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-04-27_FFMP_72hr_baad_novacuum_4mm', 2, 85% RH, 3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-04-14_FFMP_72hr_baad_novacuum_4mm', 4, 85% RH,    3 daysFFMP, MAS, '2023-03-10_FFMP_72hr_baad_4mm', 2, 85% RH, 3 days

For Figure 5:SMP, MAS, '2024-04-11_1H2H_slim_milk', 4

**LiquidComponents1H950MHz: Contains solution-state 1H NMR spectra of milk powder components in D2O: lactose, casein protein, and whey protein, at 22.3 T (950 MHz 1H) in Bruker folder format. Data corresponding to Figures 2, SM2, SM3. Contains several experiment numbers with sample indicated in the title file.

**SolidComponents1H700MHz: Contains solid-state 1H NMR spectra of milk powder components under MAS: lactose, casein protein, and whey protein, at 16.4 T (700 MHz 1H) in Bruker folder format. Data corresponding to Figure 3, and SM4. Contains several experiment numbers with sample indicated in the title file.

**HSQC700MHz: Contains 1H-13C HSQC MAS NMR spectrum of skimmed milk powder at 16.4 T (700 MHz 1H) in Bruker folder format. Data corresponding to Figure 6. 

All spectra are directly or indirectly referenced to DSS.

PublicationManuscript "Mobility of Lactose in Milk Powders" is submitted to the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.