cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670598
title: The presence and the removal of atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine and deethylhidroxiatrazine in a pilot plant consisted of ozonation and slow sand filtration

description: ABSTRACT Pesticides suffer biotic and abiotic transformations when used in the environment, generating byproducts with toxicity greater than or similar to the original pesticide. In this study the dynamics of the presence of atrazine and its degradation products and chlorinated deisopropylatrazine and deethylhidroxiatrazine oxidation with ozone, in the slow filtration and the association of the two processes in pilot plant were investigated. Ozone dose of 0.9, 1.6 and 2.8 mg.L- 1 were studied for atrazine in the influent concentration ranging 30 a 79 µg.L-1. For ozone dose of 2.8 mg.L-1 atrazine concentration was less than 2 µg.L-1; however, formation of byproducts occurred at a concentration greater than 3 µg.L-1. In slow sand filtration only, there was no reduction in the concentration of atrazine. When preceded by ozonation, dose of 1.6 mg.L-1, the concentration of atrazine was less than 2 µg.L-1 and met the maximum value allowed by the Portaria 2,914/2011; however, the concentration of byproducts was over 18 µg.L-1. For ozone dose of 2.8 mg.L-1, atrazine value in the filtered effluent was less than 0.1 µg.L-1, but the sum of chlorinated byproducts was equal to 3.7 µg.L-1. The assessment of the removal of atrazine in processes using ozonation should always be associated with the monitoring of chlorinated byproducts, especially deethylatrazine considering that: there is formation of those in higher concentration of atrazine producing water supply with a high health risk and those not included in Portaria MS 2,914/2011.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/oiajvo/urxmqy
title: diagnostic_retrieval.tif

description: SICE version: Cloud removed, PPGC, SNAP7, pySICEv1.4
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283642
title: Hydrodynamic flow studies in the grease trap employed in the primary treatment of effluents from industrial kitchen

description: ABSTRACT Effluents from industrial kitchens are characterized by high-generated content of oils and fats. These products cause serious environmental problems, and it is mandatory to install pretreatment units in the places where they are generated. Hence the importance of grease traps, intended for this purpose, whose performance is directly related to the processual and hydrodynamic conditions inside. This study aimed to compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of greaser trap (GT) working under two different operating conditions: gravitational flotation and forced flotation (aided by air diffusers). Four hydrodynamic tests were performed in the GT, the 1st and 2nd tests with clean water at a constant flow rate and the 3rd and 4th tests with wastewater from the university restaurant, with variable flow. The methodology applied to evaluate the residence time distribution (RTD) was the technique of stimulus/response using potassium chloride (KCl) as a tracer element. The hydrodynamic results in the 1st operating test indicated features between slug flow and dispersive flow, with moderate dispersion intensity and some mixing. The 2nd operating test, under aeration, showed tendency of complete mixing with great dispersion intensity. The 3rd test, by gravitational flotation, tended to become plug-flow, while the 4th test was characterized as dispersive flow, tending to a high degree of mixing. In all tests, apparent deviations, probably caused by stagnant areas or dead zones, short-circuits and internal recirculation phenomena, were observed, confirming that the useful volume of GT was not fully utilized. Although not part of the scope of this work, the efficiency in removing oils and greases was higher when the gravitational flotation was applied, whose mixture tends to the plug-flow type, which assists the degree of acquiescence and allows a greater accumulation of floated fat. As for the forced flotation through the aerators, much of the fat is oxidized and thus minimized, forming a light color slag (white) and of very low thickness at the top of the CG. However, because of its high degree of mixture, the retention efficiency, as expected, was shown to be lower than the gravitational process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283642.v1
title: Hydrodynamic flow studies in the grease trap employed in the primary treatment of effluents from industrial kitchen

description: ABSTRACT Effluents from industrial kitchens are characterized by high-generated content of oils and fats. These products cause serious environmental problems, and it is mandatory to install pretreatment units in the places where they are generated. Hence the importance of grease traps, intended for this purpose, whose performance is directly related to the processual and hydrodynamic conditions inside. This study aimed to compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of greaser trap (GT) working under two different operating conditions: gravitational flotation and forced flotation (aided by air diffusers). Four hydrodynamic tests were performed in the GT, the 1st and 2nd tests with clean water at a constant flow rate and the 3rd and 4th tests with wastewater from the university restaurant, with variable flow. The methodology applied to evaluate the residence time distribution (RTD) was the technique of stimulus/response using potassium chloride (KCl) as a tracer element. The hydrodynamic results in the 1st operating test indicated features between slug flow and dispersive flow, with moderate dispersion intensity and some mixing. The 2nd operating test, under aeration, showed tendency of complete mixing with great dispersion intensity. The 3rd test, by gravitational flotation, tended to become plug-flow, while the 4th test was characterized as dispersive flow, tending to a high degree of mixing. In all tests, apparent deviations, probably caused by stagnant areas or dead zones, short-circuits and internal recirculation phenomena, were observed, confirming that the useful volume of GT was not fully utilized. Although not part of the scope of this work, the efficiency in removing oils and greases was higher when the gravitational flotation was applied, whose mixture tends to the plug-flow type, which assists the degree of acquiescence and allows a greater accumulation of floated fat. As for the forced flotation through the aerators, much of the fat is oxidized and thus minimized, forming a light color slag (white) and of very low thickness at the top of the CG. However, because of its high degree of mixture, the retention efficiency, as expected, was shown to be lower than the gravitational process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283644
title: Analysis of reverse logistics systems in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of factors that are challenges for Reverse Logistics Systems being established in Brazil, concerning political, legal, operational and social aspects related to labor and population involvement. The results indicate the existence of a number of critical points that need to be discussed and resolved so that the objectives and targets set by sectoral agreements being signed between the Federal Government and productive sectors are feasible to be met. For this study, surveys were conducted as well as analysis of secondary data from technical reports of governmental agencies and technical reports and information provided by associations of undertakings which have already been carrying out reverse logistics on a mandatory basis, prior to the law n° 12.305/2010.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5669749
title: BTEX removal by fungi in continuous flow aerobic reactor

description: ABSTRACT The removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds by Aspergillus niger AN 400 was studied in a continuous flow reactor which was operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours evaluate the efficiency of the system in the bioremediation of water polluted with gasoline in the presence (Step 1) and absence (Step 2) of 0.5 g.L-1 glucose. In the first step it was also studied the influence of the addition of nutrients in the influent on the efficiency of the process. The addition of nutrients was beneficial to the process and, with the removal of glucose, the efficiency was maintained due to the use of ethanol - which is a Brazilian gasoline constituent (25%) - and was used as co-substrate. Both ethanol and glucose are more easily assimilated carbon and energy sources for fungi and were used as co-substrate in the degradation of BTEX. Thus, in Step 2, when only ethanol was in the biomedia, averages percentage of 88% for benzene, 90% in toluene, 90% ethylbenzene and 91% for meta, para and ortho-xylene (m, p and o-xylene) were reached, with the formation of phenolic by-products in between. The fungal population in the middle prevailed throughout the operation of the reactor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283644.v1
title: Analysis of reverse logistics systems in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of factors that are challenges for Reverse Logistics Systems being established in Brazil, concerning political, legal, operational and social aspects related to labor and population involvement. The results indicate the existence of a number of critical points that need to be discussed and resolved so that the objectives and targets set by sectoral agreements being signed between the Federal Government and productive sectors are feasible to be met. For this study, surveys were conducted as well as analysis of secondary data from technical reports of governmental agencies and technical reports and information provided by associations of undertakings which have already been carrying out reverse logistics on a mandatory basis, prior to the law n° 12.305/2010.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283647
title: The implantation of Marapendi Municipal Natural Park, in Rio de Janeiro

description: ABSTRACT The article tries to identify the main problems for the effective implantation of the Municipal Natural Park Marapendi (PNM of Marapendi), in Rio de Janeiro, as foreseen in the Master Plan of the city. The methodology is based in an extensive bibliography survey, complemented by field research and photography work, besides author participation in many debates about the subject. Some actions were identified that would contributed to that implementation, including the magnifying of PNM Marapendi by means of the annexation of the neighbor Municipal Natural Park of Barra da Tijuca (PNM of Barra da Tijuca). In author’s conception, the park could become an extraordinary leisure area, without loosing its characteristics of a typical shoal bush and preserving the local fauna. This park would have an area almost three times greater that of Flamengo’s Aterro, surrounding a lagoon with a water mirror a time and half bigger than that of the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283647.v1
title: The implantation of Marapendi Municipal Natural Park, in Rio de Janeiro

description: ABSTRACT The article tries to identify the main problems for the effective implantation of the Municipal Natural Park Marapendi (PNM of Marapendi), in Rio de Janeiro, as foreseen in the Master Plan of the city. The methodology is based in an extensive bibliography survey, complemented by field research and photography work, besides author participation in many debates about the subject. Some actions were identified that would contributed to that implementation, including the magnifying of PNM Marapendi by means of the annexation of the neighbor Municipal Natural Park of Barra da Tijuca (PNM of Barra da Tijuca). In author’s conception, the park could become an extraordinary leisure area, without loosing its characteristics of a typical shoal bush and preserving the local fauna. This park would have an area almost three times greater that of Flamengo’s Aterro, surrounding a lagoon with a water mirror a time and half bigger than that of the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283650
title: Study of metals toxicity (zinc and cadmium) to Ceriodaphnia dubia, for multi-exposition and biological recovery of offspring

description: ABSTRACT Metals are often evaluated in fresh water as dissolved solutions, assuming that the toxic effect is caused only by water (respiration and contact). However, toxicity studies in food and water, in a concomitant way, as occurs in the environment, are less discussed. In this study, zinc and cadmium toxicity was evaluated through the exposure of Ceriodaphnia dubia to contaminated food and water. The species of green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata was exposed for 96h to concentrations of Zn (0,18 and 0,27 mg.L-1) and Cd (0,001 and 0,0015 mg.L-1). The results were statistically analyzed by means of Analysis of Variance (Kruskal-Wallis). Algae were used as food source for C. dubia, during chronic exposure (eight days) in the same concentrations described. Subsequently, neonates (F1 generation) were introduced in non-contaminated water and food in order to ascertain their biological recovery capacity. The number of newborns by individuals, morphology of newborns, and quantification of metals in biological tissue were evaluated. The results showed that the tested concentrations did not inhibit the growth of R. subcapitata, while C. dubia had chronic toxicity, with reduction in the reproductive rate in both generations, for both metals. The results allowed the conclusion that, even at relatively low concentrations, the metals zinc and cadmium can alter the reproductive patterns of freshwater invertebrates, compromising the aquatic ecosystem and its resilience. Thus, considering the toxic effects of these metals and their interference in the biological system, new ecotoxicological tests should be performed to allow a better understanding of the behavior of these substances in organisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5669749.v1
title: BTEX removal by fungi in continuous flow aerobic reactor

description: ABSTRACT The removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds by Aspergillus niger AN 400 was studied in a continuous flow reactor which was operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours evaluate the efficiency of the system in the bioremediation of water polluted with gasoline in the presence (Step 1) and absence (Step 2) of 0.5 g.L-1 glucose. In the first step it was also studied the influence of the addition of nutrients in the influent on the efficiency of the process. The addition of nutrients was beneficial to the process and, with the removal of glucose, the efficiency was maintained due to the use of ethanol - which is a Brazilian gasoline constituent (25%) - and was used as co-substrate. Both ethanol and glucose are more easily assimilated carbon and energy sources for fungi and were used as co-substrate in the degradation of BTEX. Thus, in Step 2, when only ethanol was in the biomedia, averages percentage of 88% for benzene, 90% in toluene, 90% ethylbenzene and 91% for meta, para and ortho-xylene (m, p and o-xylene) were reached, with the formation of phenolic by-products in between. The fungal population in the middle prevailed throughout the operation of the reactor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283650.v1
title: Study of metals toxicity (zinc and cadmium) to Ceriodaphnia dubia, for multi-exposition and biological recovery of offspring

description: ABSTRACT Metals are often evaluated in fresh water as dissolved solutions, assuming that the toxic effect is caused only by water (respiration and contact). However, toxicity studies in food and water, in a concomitant way, as occurs in the environment, are less discussed. In this study, zinc and cadmium toxicity was evaluated through the exposure of Ceriodaphnia dubia to contaminated food and water. The species of green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata was exposed for 96h to concentrations of Zn (0,18 and 0,27 mg.L-1) and Cd (0,001 and 0,0015 mg.L-1). The results were statistically analyzed by means of Analysis of Variance (Kruskal-Wallis). Algae were used as food source for C. dubia, during chronic exposure (eight days) in the same concentrations described. Subsequently, neonates (F1 generation) were introduced in non-contaminated water and food in order to ascertain their biological recovery capacity. The number of newborns by individuals, morphology of newborns, and quantification of metals in biological tissue were evaluated. The results showed that the tested concentrations did not inhibit the growth of R. subcapitata, while C. dubia had chronic toxicity, with reduction in the reproductive rate in both generations, for both metals. The results allowed the conclusion that, even at relatively low concentrations, the metals zinc and cadmium can alter the reproductive patterns of freshwater invertebrates, compromising the aquatic ecosystem and its resilience. Thus, considering the toxic effects of these metals and their interference in the biological system, new ecotoxicological tests should be performed to allow a better understanding of the behavior of these substances in organisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283653
title: Municipal solid waste generation assessment in the state of Goiás, Brazil: statistical data analysis

description: ABSTRACT The most suitable definition of a city’s municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is mandatorily related to the amount of MSW generated. The state of Goiás faced such problem, since some of its municipalities had their MSW production data, but the state did not have an overall generation number. Considering this scenario, a questionnaire was sent to the municipalities of Goiás requesting information on their solid waste, among which was the MSW generation. The aim of this study was to conduct a statistical analysis of the MSW amount the state’s municipalities have affirmed to generate, according to the questionnaires, and compare it with the quantitative data obtained in studies carried out in municipalities of the state. The results of the production provided by the municipalities have shown that the smaller the cities, the higher the generation of MSW per capita, a finding that goes against scientific research, which has proven that the larger the population, the higher the production per person. For municipalities with up to 50 thousand inhabitants, there are significant differences between the numbers presented in the questionnaires and those in the theoretical generation. On the other hand, municipalities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants don’t have numbers so significantly different. The questionnaire data also revealed that there’s no correspondence between the MSW generated per capita and the number of inhabitants, information contrary to what the theory states. However, it was still possible to measure the amount of MSW generated by Goiás cities, something that should be of great value to help decide the best technologies to the state’s MSW management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283653.v1
title: Municipal solid waste generation assessment in the state of Goiás, Brazil: statistical data analysis

description: ABSTRACT The most suitable definition of a city’s municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is mandatorily related to the amount of MSW generated. The state of Goiás faced such problem, since some of its municipalities had their MSW production data, but the state did not have an overall generation number. Considering this scenario, a questionnaire was sent to the municipalities of Goiás requesting information on their solid waste, among which was the MSW generation. The aim of this study was to conduct a statistical analysis of the MSW amount the state’s municipalities have affirmed to generate, according to the questionnaires, and compare it with the quantitative data obtained in studies carried out in municipalities of the state. The results of the production provided by the municipalities have shown that the smaller the cities, the higher the generation of MSW per capita, a finding that goes against scientific research, which has proven that the larger the population, the higher the production per person. For municipalities with up to 50 thousand inhabitants, there are significant differences between the numbers presented in the questionnaires and those in the theoretical generation. On the other hand, municipalities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants don’t have numbers so significantly different. The questionnaire data also revealed that there’s no correspondence between the MSW generated per capita and the number of inhabitants, information contrary to what the theory states. However, it was still possible to measure the amount of MSW generated by Goiás cities, something that should be of great value to help decide the best technologies to the state’s MSW management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283655
title: Geotechnologies on water reservoir management: a review and an integration proposal

description: ABSTRACT An overview of geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) is the main focus of this work, that emphasizes their application to obtain water body information. This information is integrated to the Framework Directive, and in this way, seeks to propose the linkage of these information to the Resolution 357/2005, in order to serve as a tool for decision making in strategic management of water quality mainly in large reservoirs. Thus, a review that integrates geotechnology to limnological science and to reservoirs management was done, highlighting the possible potential of interdisciplinary integration. At the end, an integration model of GIS, RS and limnology is schematized for monitoring and management of water quality standards according to the Resolution 357/2005.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283655.v1
title: Geotechnologies on water reservoir management: a review and an integration proposal

description: ABSTRACT An overview of geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) is the main focus of this work, that emphasizes their application to obtain water body information. This information is integrated to the Framework Directive, and in this way, seeks to propose the linkage of these information to the Resolution 357/2005, in order to serve as a tool for decision making in strategic management of water quality mainly in large reservoirs. Thus, a review that integrates geotechnology to limnological science and to reservoirs management was done, highlighting the possible potential of interdisciplinary integration. At the end, an integration model of GIS, RS and limnology is schematized for monitoring and management of water quality standards according to the Resolution 357/2005.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/oiajvo/22pj6i
title: grain_diameter.tif

description: SICE version: Cloud removed, PPGC, SNAP7, pySICEv1.4