cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29244275
title: <b>Why Fourth-Corner Latent Variable Models Overstate Confidence in Trait–Environment Relationships and What to Use Instead</b>

description: R script to the paper: Cajo J.F. ter Braak (2025) <b>Why Fourth-Corner Latent Variable Models Overstate Confidence in Trait–Environment Relationships—and What to Use Instead</b>The shareable link to the published version is https://rdcu.be/eXukf The abstract isTrait-based ecology seeks to explain species’ responses to environmental gradients through their functional traits, aiming for generalizable predictions of community assembly. The fourth-corner problem formalizes this challenge by integrating species traits, environmental variables, and species abundances. Recently, generalized latent variable models (GLLVMs) have been proposed as a comprehensive solution, claiming to capture both unobserved ecological gradients and trait–environment interactions.This paper shows—through theoretical analysis, empirical data, and simulations—that GLLVMs often overstate confidence in inferred relationships, inflating type I error rates. In contrast, double-constrained correspondence analysis (dc-CA) and a generalized linear mixed model with random species-specific environmental and random site-specific trait effects (GLMM3) offer more reliable inference. While GLMM3, potentially extended with latent variables, may provide the most powerful framework, its practical use is limited by computational demands. dc-CA emerges as a robust and accessible alternative, balancing statistical rigor with interpretability by treating both species and sites as units of analysis.I argue that trait–environment models should not only fit observed data but also generalize to new trait values and ecological contexts. Overconfident conclusions from any supervised learning model that ignores species- or site-level variation risk misleading ecological understanding and misinforming conservation and management decisions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29244275.v2
title: <b>Why Fourth-Corner Latent Variable Models Overstate Confidence in Trait–Environment Relationships and What to Use Instead</b>

description: R script to the paper: Cajo J.F. ter Braak (2025) <b>Why Fourth-Corner Latent Variable Models Overstate Confidence in Trait–Environment Relationships—and What to Use Instead</b>The shareable link to the published version is https://rdcu.be/eXukf The abstract isTrait-based ecology seeks to explain species’ responses to environmental gradients through their functional traits, aiming for generalizable predictions of community assembly. The fourth-corner problem formalizes this challenge by integrating species traits, environmental variables, and species abundances. Recently, generalized latent variable models (GLLVMs) have been proposed as a comprehensive solution, claiming to capture both unobserved ecological gradients and trait–environment interactions.This paper shows—through theoretical analysis, empirical data, and simulations—that GLLVMs often overstate confidence in inferred relationships, inflating type I error rates. In contrast, double-constrained correspondence analysis (dc-CA) and a generalized linear mixed model with random species-specific environmental and random site-specific trait effects (GLMM3) offer more reliable inference. While GLMM3, potentially extended with latent variables, may provide the most powerful framework, its practical use is limited by computational demands. dc-CA emerges as a robust and accessible alternative, balancing statistical rigor with interpretability by treating both species and sites as units of analysis.I argue that trait–environment models should not only fit observed data but also generalize to new trait values and ecological contexts. Overconfident conclusions from any supervised learning model that ignores species- or site-level variation risk misleading ecological understanding and misinforming conservation and management decisions.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yvrwbk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 33973 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "TaxonKey is Acrotriche R.Br."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 33973 records from 66 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0010597-250426092105405/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s24ztp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 448250 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Canada, Mexico, United States of America)",
 "EventDate is greater than or equal to 2025-04-06",
 "EventDate is less than or equal to 2025-05-06",
 {
 "not" : {
 "Issue" : [
 "is one of (Basis of record invalid, Coordinate reprojection failed, Coordinate reprojection suspicious, Coordinate precision invalid, Coordinate uncertainty meters invalid, Country mismatch, Country invalid, Geodetic datum invalid, Presumed swapped coordinate, Presumed negated longitude, Presumed negated latitude, Country coordinate mismatch)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 448250 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0010589-250426092105405/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yjxvz3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007044-190415153152247/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jgdj7n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021724-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dwlwa5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030283-190415153152247/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zl42md
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021746-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kfavni
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007069-190415153152247/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.svz0k6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021745-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.im3jug
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0028084-190415153152247/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8rgbiq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000197-160311141623029/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.l144fz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004494-190320150433242/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.683nqp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021748-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tzguxx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1094978645 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Human Observation"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1094978645 records from 11651 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006632-190813142620410/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uxtgfh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 420 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ducula radiata)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 420 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092829-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e23p8w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 588427 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Betula pubescens"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 588427 records from 1340 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092791-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3yd8jh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8841 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Acalypha australis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8841 records from 246 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092828-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wpuqa2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 841 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ducula rosacea)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 841 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092830-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vvnfmz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Chenopodiastrum murale",
 "Country is Lithuania",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092833-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zyscha
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Aves)",
 "HasCoordinate is one of (true)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-76.4952985458189 3.18324096985556,-76.4947834536316 3.18324096985556,-76.4947834536316 3.18375702961766,-76.4952985458189 3.18375702961766,-76.4952985458189 3.18324096985556))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092831-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uzecux
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Chenopodiastrum murale",
 "Country is Madagascar",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092834-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.stkyvj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cuphea ignea",
 "Country is Indonesia",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092835-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w2guj9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1740 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ducula rubricera)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1740 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092836-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vbaftv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Garra widdowsoni)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence, Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1991",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092837-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wgk659
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1107 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ducula rufigaster)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1107 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092838-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u2nr5p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 15 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ranunculus arvensis",
 "Country is Uzbekistan",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 15 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092840-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8k2tp
title: CCDC 254752: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: P.B.Hitchcock, M.F.Lappert, A.V.Protchenko|2005|Chem.Commun.||951|doi:10.1039/b416549g
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8k2vq
title: CCDC 254753: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: P.B.Hitchcock, M.F.Lappert, A.V.Protchenko|2005|Chem.Commun.||951|doi:10.1039/b416549g
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8f2j8
title: CCDC 250899: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Hongqing Li, Y.Bleriot, J.-M.Mallet, Yongmin Zhang, E.Rodriguez-Garcia, P.Vogel, S.Mari, J.Jimenez-Barbero, P.Sinay|2004|Heterocycles|64|65|doi:10.3987/COM-04-S(P)45
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc7j361
title: CCDC 224012: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: W.Miyanaga, R.Takagi, K.Ohkata|2004|Heterocycles|64|75|doi:10.3987/COM-03-S(P)1
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc7l813
title: CCDC 226084: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: D.Aitken, L.Besson, F.Fournier, H.-P.Husson, P.Lemoine, D.Lesage, F.Libot, P.-G.Martin, C.Mellin-Morliere, V.Monnier, J.-C.Tabet, B.Viossat|2004|Heterocycles|64|277|doi:10.3987/COM-04-S(P)24
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8f7kg
title: CCDC 251055: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: A.Budzowski, A.Linden, H.Heimgartner|2004|Heterocycles|64|417|doi:10.3987/COM-04-S(P)43
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8f7lh
title: CCDC 251056: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: A.Budzowski, A.Linden, H.Heimgartner|2004|Heterocycles|64|417|doi:10.3987/COM-04-S(P)43
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8f7mj
title: CCDC 251057: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: A.Budzowski, A.Linden, H.Heimgartner|2004|Heterocycles|64|417|doi:10.3987/COM-04-S(P)43
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc8f7nk
title: CCDC 251058: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: A.Budzowski, A.Linden, H.Heimgartner|2004|Heterocycles|64|417|doi:10.3987/COM-04-S(P)43
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.