cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-8355
title: Korean language lesson "supplementary material", 1972-10-18

description: Korean language lesson "supplementary material", 1972 October 18.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-12394
title: Beni, letter, 1968-03-13, to Patricia Wilson

description: Beni, letter, 1968 March 13, to Patricia Wilson, South Korea. "Was delighted when Tom handed me your letter." -- first line.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11176
title: Thoughts of the times, 1968?

description: Sylvia Ann Fubini "Thoughts of the times" [unidentified Korean newspaper] (1968).
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11164
title: 나노열씨, 44년한국사랑수묵화에 담았다, 2013

description: "나노열씨, 44년한국사랑수묵화에 담았다", 빵앙일보 (2013년 8월 3일): 5 = ["Neil Landreville, 44 years in love with Korean ink painting" Bengan Daily (2013 August 3): 5]. Newspaper article regarding an exhibition of drawings by Neil Landreville.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11177
title: Gail Givens biography, after 1974

description: Gail (Givens) Dowling Goettelmann biography, after 1974. She was a Peace Corps Korea volunteer.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11204
title: 걸핵지료의바름길 보건사회부 [Ministry of Health and Social Affairs], [s.d.]

description: 걸핵지료의바름길 보건사회부 [Ministry of Health and Social Affairs], [s.d.]. Book cover only.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-5456
title: Mark Ro Byersdorf, e-mail, 2012-11-01

description: Mark Ro Byersdorf, e-mail, 2012 November 1, to "friends", re Please support the Dari Project. Originally posted on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/download/preview/422336067833069
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11169
title: 전남 전라남도 [Jeonnam Jeollanam-do], [s.d.]

description: 전남 전라남도 [Jeonnam Jeollanam-do], [s.d.]. Cover of a book bearing the name of South Jeolla [a province in South Korea].
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-10451
title: Nicolas Constant, K-6, [s.d.]

description: Carol Bell Asberom. "Nicolas Constant, K-6". Recollection regarding Nicolas Constant, Peace Corps Korea volunteer in 1967, [s.d.]
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-9833
title: Four days in Scottsdale, 2013

description: Chris "Four days in Scottsdale", 2013. Remniscences of a Peace Corps Korea reunion.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11207
title: U.S. passport pages showing cover and contact information, 1978

description: U.S. passport pages showing cover and contact information (Stuart Sumner), with Peace Corps / Seoul, Korea as address, [1978].
DOI: 10.5519/qd.dxmchwco
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (316432 records)
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-9516
title: Repression and 12 inches of snow, [after 1983?]

description: Elizabeth Young Bradbury. "Repression and 12-inches of snow", [after 1983?].
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-11163
title: Goodbye speech to Won Wha Girls' Middle School, Taegu, July 1973

description: Peggy McLeod. "Goodbye speech to Won Wha Girls' Middle School, Taegu, July 1973", [s.d.].
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-4197
title: K-34 program information, [s.d.]

description: Peace Corps Korea cohort K-34 program information, [s.d.].
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-3912
title: K-6 book, 1967. Volunteers

description: Korea-6 book, 1967. "Volunteers, University of Washington, Peace Corps Training Program, 1967 October 19 - 1968 January 24". Includes trainee candid photographs.
DOI: 10.25549/pck-c86-10271
title: Peace Corps Korea slide captions (1967-1969)

description: Peace Corps Korea slide captions (1967-1969). Provided by Gail Dowling, Peace Corps Korea volunteer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14595971
title: Methane dynamics of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada California: the role of elevation, temperature, and inorganic nutrients

description: Freshwater lakes are important but poorly constrained sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) to the atmosphere, reflecting high but variable rates of CH<sub>4</sub> production as well as limited and inconsistent measurements worldwide. High-elevation lakes have been particularly overlooked given their high abundance in mountain ranges around the world, and the potential for CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics at high elevations is expected to be disproportionally impacted by increases in temperature due to climate change. We examined variations in surface CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and diffusive fluxes, temperature, and inorganic nutrients in 5 montane lakes spanning multiple elevations in the Sierra Nevada of California. Over 2 years, we found strong and consistent seasonality in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in lakes; higher concentrations were typically observed in the warmest months and lower concentrations right before winter. Changes in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were significantly related to temperature in the majority of the individual lakes (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.43–0.81) and related to elevation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.39) across lakes. Methane concentrations in lakes at elevations &lt;3000 m were strongly related to temperature, nitrite concentrations, and elevation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.90), whereas at elevations &gt;3000 m, CH<sub>4</sub> was related to dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus ratios and elevation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.48). Our results expand our understanding of temporal variations in CH<sub>4</sub> and demonstrate substantial seasonality in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and diffusive fluxes in freshwater lakes. We suggest that temporal variation should be considered in large-scale estimates of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, and these fluxes may be a predictable function of elevation, temperature, and nutrients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14595971.v1
title: Methane dynamics of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada California: the role of elevation, temperature, and inorganic nutrients

description: Freshwater lakes are important but poorly constrained sources of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) to the atmosphere, reflecting high but variable rates of CH<sub>4</sub> production as well as limited and inconsistent measurements worldwide. High-elevation lakes have been particularly overlooked given their high abundance in mountain ranges around the world, and the potential for CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics at high elevations is expected to be disproportionally impacted by increases in temperature due to climate change. We examined variations in surface CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and diffusive fluxes, temperature, and inorganic nutrients in 5 montane lakes spanning multiple elevations in the Sierra Nevada of California. Over 2 years, we found strong and consistent seasonality in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in lakes; higher concentrations were typically observed in the warmest months and lower concentrations right before winter. Changes in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were significantly related to temperature in the majority of the individual lakes (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.43–0.81) and related to elevation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.39) across lakes. Methane concentrations in lakes at elevations &lt;3000 m were strongly related to temperature, nitrite concentrations, and elevation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.90), whereas at elevations &gt;3000 m, CH<sub>4</sub> was related to dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus ratios and elevation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.48). Our results expand our understanding of temporal variations in CH<sub>4</sub> and demonstrate substantial seasonality in CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and diffusive fluxes in freshwater lakes. We suggest that temporal variation should be considered in large-scale estimates of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, and these fluxes may be a predictable function of elevation, temperature, and nutrients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15094126.v1
title: Projected changes of regional lake hydrologic characteristics in response to 21st century climate change

description: Inland lakes are socially and ecologically important components of many regional landscapes. Exploring lake responses to plausible future climate scenarios can provide important information needed to inform stakeholders of likely effects of hydrologic changes on these waterbodies in coming decades. To assess potential climate effects on lake hydrology, we combined a previously published spatially explicit, processed-based hydrologic modeling framework implemented over the lake-rich landscape of the Northern Highlands Lake District within the United States with an ensemble of climate change scenarios for the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100). Model results quantify the effects of climate change on water budgets and lake stage elevations for 3692 lakes and highlight the importance of landscape and hydrologic setting for the response of specific lake types to climate change. All future climate projections resulted in loss of ice cover and snowpack as well as increased evaporation, but variability in climate projections (warmer conditions, wet winters combined with wet or dry summers) interacted with lake characteristics and landscape position to produce variable lake hydrologic changes. Water levels for drainage lakes (lakes with substantial surface water inflows and outflows) showed nearly no change, whereas minimum water levels for seepage lakes (minimal surface water fluxes) decreased by an average of up to 2.64 m by the end of the 21st century. Our physically based modeling approach is parsimonious and computationally efficient and can be applied to other lake-rich regions to investigate interregional variability in lake hydrologic response to future climate scenarios.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16660885.v1
title: Comparison of streamflow patterns in drainages of two major terminal basins: the United States Great Basin and Mongolia’s Central Asian Internal Drainage

description: Current understanding of how streamflow in terminal basins is driven by climatic and hydrogeomorphic characteristics is limited, despite the fact that these closed systems show an increased sensitivity to climate change in terms of streamflow and an increase in demand for water resources. We examined streamflow patterns in 2 major terminal basins, the Great Basin in the United States (US-TB) and the Central Asian Internal Drainage in Mongolia (MN-TB). We obtained daily flow data spanning 1990 to 2014 for both basins, established hydrological indices (HIs), and selected a subset of HIs that best described streamflow patterns. A between-class analysis was used to detect differences in streamflow patterns between these basins. We employed the RESonate tool to delineate hydrogeomorphic patches (HPs), evaluated streamflow variation across distinct HPs, and examined ranges of streamflow variation and hydrogeomorphic variation expressed in each of the terminal basins. Of a subset of 45 HIs, seasonal high flow, flooding frequency, and baseflow best characterized streamflow in HPs. Streamflow in MN-TB was driven by high flow duration, whereas in US-TB streamflow was characterized by significantly larger low-flow conditions. The MN-TB exhibited a greater range of streamflow variation between HPs but showed a lesser range of variation in hydrogeomorphology. Our study is the first to establish HIs and describe streamflow patterns in terminal basins on a large scale. Our study also contributes needed perspectives on streamflow patterns in 2 different terminal basins with complex topographies, thereby providing valuable information for stream ecologists and water resource managers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15094126
title: Projected changes of regional lake hydrologic characteristics in response to 21st century climate change

description: Inland lakes are socially and ecologically important components of many regional landscapes. Exploring lake responses to plausible future climate scenarios can provide important information needed to inform stakeholders of likely effects of hydrologic changes on these waterbodies in coming decades. To assess potential climate effects on lake hydrology, we combined a previously published spatially explicit, processed-based hydrologic modeling framework implemented over the lake-rich landscape of the Northern Highlands Lake District within the United States with an ensemble of climate change scenarios for the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100). Model results quantify the effects of climate change on water budgets and lake stage elevations for 3692 lakes and highlight the importance of landscape and hydrologic setting for the response of specific lake types to climate change. All future climate projections resulted in loss of ice cover and snowpack as well as increased evaporation, but variability in climate projections (warmer conditions, wet winters combined with wet or dry summers) interacted with lake characteristics and landscape position to produce variable lake hydrologic changes. Water levels for drainage lakes (lakes with substantial surface water inflows and outflows) showed nearly no change, whereas minimum water levels for seepage lakes (minimal surface water fluxes) decreased by an average of up to 2.64 m by the end of the 21st century. Our physically based modeling approach is parsimonious and computationally efficient and can be applied to other lake-rich regions to investigate interregional variability in lake hydrologic response to future climate scenarios.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14596019
title: Iron availability allows sustained cyanobacterial blooms: a dual-lake case study

description: Lakes dominated by cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are geographically widespread. These blooms are associated with fish kills and toxin production and have negative impacts on human health. There is compelling evidence that, in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, iron (Fe) can also regulate CyanoHABs. Low Fe concentration (tens of ng L<sup>−1</sup>) has been documented to limit CyanoHABs in freshwaters, whereas high Fe concentration (hundreds of μg L<sup>−1</sup>) can promote CyanoHABs. However, the extent to which Fe influences CyanoHABs in lakes that lack an extensive anoxic zone and where the Fe concentration ranges from tens to &lt;400 μg L<sup>−1</sup> is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess Fe trends, measured as dissolved Fe (DFe), associated with cyanobacteria dynamics in lakes in northwestern Iowa. We utilised a multiwavelength fluorometer to monitor and classify phytoplankton based on their unique fluorescence spectra from chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl-<i>a</i>) and accessory pigments. Here we report a declining DFe trend (drawdown) potentially due to phytoplankton uptake in East Okoboji and its effect on CyanoHABs. Multiwavelength fluorescence data show cyanobacteria peaked (&gt;50% cyanobacteria Chl-<i>a</i>) during a DFe minimum. The DFe is inversely correlated with phosphorus, suggesting decoupled Fe and phosphorus cycling. The strong positive correlation between phosphorus and cyanobacteria Chl-<i>a</i> supports a role for phosphorus in triggering CyanoHABs. This study suggests an underlying mechanistic role of Fe on CyanoHABs; the intermediate range of Fe concentrations investigated here may be sufficient to sustain CyanoHABs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16574963
title: Predicting microcystin occurrence in freshwater lakes and reservoirs: assessing environmental variables

description: Determining the environmental conditions that influence the occurrence and concentration of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin (MC) is a critical step for predicting cases in which the toxin will adversely affect drinking water sources, recreational waterbodies, and other freshwater ecosystems. Although widely studied, little consensus exists regarding the factors that influence MC on a global scale. The objective of this study was to identify the environmental variables most strongly associated with MC concentrations using observational data from lakes and reservoirs around the world while also addressing the substantial proportions of missing values that a large aggregated dataset often involves. A total of 124 studies containing data from an estimated 2040 lakes and reservoirs in 22 countries was used to construct a global dataset. Variables including &lt;35% of non-missing observations were removed prior to analysis. Missing values for the remaining 12 predictors of MC were imputed using an iterative imputation algorithm based on a random forest approach. Variable selection was performed with generalized additive modeling on the complete case and imputed datasets. Models applied to the imputed data produced lower prediction errors than those fit to the complete dataset. Variables of greatest significance to MC concentration included location (longitude–latitude pairs), total nitrogen, turbidity, and pH. Total phosphorus was not found to be a strong predictor of MC. In addition to assisting water resource managers in protecting their waterbodies against MC, the presented methodologies may provide a useful framework for future water quality modeling while accounting for varying proportions of missing data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16574963.v1
title: Predicting microcystin occurrence in freshwater lakes and reservoirs: assessing environmental variables

description: Determining the environmental conditions that influence the occurrence and concentration of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin (MC) is a critical step for predicting cases in which the toxin will adversely affect drinking water sources, recreational waterbodies, and other freshwater ecosystems. Although widely studied, little consensus exists regarding the factors that influence MC on a global scale. The objective of this study was to identify the environmental variables most strongly associated with MC concentrations using observational data from lakes and reservoirs around the world while also addressing the substantial proportions of missing values that a large aggregated dataset often involves. A total of 124 studies containing data from an estimated 2040 lakes and reservoirs in 22 countries was used to construct a global dataset. Variables including &lt;35% of non-missing observations were removed prior to analysis. Missing values for the remaining 12 predictors of MC were imputed using an iterative imputation algorithm based on a random forest approach. Variable selection was performed with generalized additive modeling on the complete case and imputed datasets. Models applied to the imputed data produced lower prediction errors than those fit to the complete dataset. Variables of greatest significance to MC concentration included location (longitude–latitude pairs), total nitrogen, turbidity, and pH. Total phosphorus was not found to be a strong predictor of MC. In addition to assisting water resource managers in protecting their waterbodies against MC, the presented methodologies may provide a useful framework for future water quality modeling while accounting for varying proportions of missing data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14596019.v1
title: Iron availability allows sustained cyanobacterial blooms: a dual-lake case study

description: Lakes dominated by cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are geographically widespread. These blooms are associated with fish kills and toxin production and have negative impacts on human health. There is compelling evidence that, in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, iron (Fe) can also regulate CyanoHABs. Low Fe concentration (tens of ng L<sup>−1</sup>) has been documented to limit CyanoHABs in freshwaters, whereas high Fe concentration (hundreds of μg L<sup>−1</sup>) can promote CyanoHABs. However, the extent to which Fe influences CyanoHABs in lakes that lack an extensive anoxic zone and where the Fe concentration ranges from tens to &lt;400 μg L<sup>−1</sup> is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess Fe trends, measured as dissolved Fe (DFe), associated with cyanobacteria dynamics in lakes in northwestern Iowa. We utilised a multiwavelength fluorometer to monitor and classify phytoplankton based on their unique fluorescence spectra from chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl-<i>a</i>) and accessory pigments. Here we report a declining DFe trend (drawdown) potentially due to phytoplankton uptake in East Okoboji and its effect on CyanoHABs. Multiwavelength fluorescence data show cyanobacteria peaked (&gt;50% cyanobacteria Chl-<i>a</i>) during a DFe minimum. The DFe is inversely correlated with phosphorus, suggesting decoupled Fe and phosphorus cycling. The strong positive correlation between phosphorus and cyanobacteria Chl-<i>a</i> supports a role for phosphorus in triggering CyanoHABs. This study suggests an underlying mechanistic role of Fe on CyanoHABs; the intermediate range of Fe concentrations investigated here may be sufficient to sustain CyanoHABs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15029797.v1
title: A potential tipping point in the thermal regime of a warm monomictic reservoir under climate change using three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling

description: The response of the Maroon reservoir in southwest Iran is modeled to evaluate possible impacts of 21st century climate change. Projections of 3 CMIP5 General Circulation Models (GCMs) were investigated using 2 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), which respectively represent low/medium and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The raw GCM projections are statistically bias-corrected to provide boundary conditions for the 3-dimensional Aquatic Ecosystem Model (AEM3D). A new overturn bias analysis method was developed to evaluate possible bias in the GCM predictors during the observational (historic) period and determined it to be negligible. The modeling results, quantified by the analysis of various limnological parameters (onset and length of mixing and stratification periods, hypolimnion and epilimnion thickness and temperature, Brunt-Väisälä frequency, and Schmidt stability) indicate for RCP4.5 a continuous reduction in winter mixing and complete suppression of mixing by the end of the 21st century, implying a switch from monomictic to weakly oligomictic behavior. Under RCP8.5, the behavior transition occurs abruptly in the late 2050s in the form of a tipping point, followed by intermittent oligomictic behavior and transition to permanent stratification (thermal meromixis) within a decade. The change in behavior occurs because the surface and mixing temperatures significantly increase due to climate warming, whereas the hypolimnion is less affected, partly because of milder warming of cold winter river inflows (underflow) and strengthening stratification. The climate change-induced tipping point for the thermal regime of Maroon reservoir might serve as an indicator of changes in other warm monomictic systems.