cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.2908/tec00115
title: Real GDP growth rate - volume
title: Taux de croissance du PIB réel - en volume
title: Wachstumsrate des realen BIP - Volumen

description: Gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation. For measuring the growth rate of GDP in terms of volumes, the GDP at current prices are valued in the prices of the previous year and the thus computed volume changes are imposed on the level of a reference year; this is called a chain-linked series. Doing so, price movements will not inflate the growth rate. Expessed as percentage change on the previous period and as percentage change on the previous period per capita.
description: Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) ist definiert als der Wert aller produzierter Güter und erbrachten Dienstleistungen abzüglich des Wertes der zu ihrer Generierung verbrauchten Güter und Dienstleistungen. Zur Berechnung der Wachstumsrate des BIP in Volumen wird das BIP zu jeweiligen Preisen in den Preisen des Vorjahres bewertet und die so berechneten Volumenänderungen auf das Niveau eines Referenzjahres übertragen; dies wird als verkettete Zeitreihe bezeichnet. Dadurch wird die Wachstumsrate nicht durch Preisänderungen erhöht. Ausgedrückt als prozentuale Veränderung gegenüber dem Vorzeitraum und als prozentuale Veränderung gegenüber dem Vorzeitraum pro Kopf.
description: Le produit intérieur brut (PIB) est défini comme la valeur de tous les biens et services produits, moins celle des biens et services utilisés pour leur création. Pour mesurer le taux de croissance du PIB en volume, le PIB à prix courants est valorisé aux prix de l'année précédente et les variations de volume ainsi calculées sont appliquées au niveau d'une année de référence ; on parle alors de séries chaînées. Ainsi, les fluctuations de prix n'influent pas le taux de croissance. Les variations sont exprimées en pourcentage par rapport à la période précédente et en pourcentage par rapport à la période précédente par habitant.
DOI: 10.2908/tet00003
title: Exports of goods and services in % of GDP
title: Exportations de biens et services en % du PIB
title: Exporte von Waren und Dienstleistungen in % des BIP

description: Valeur des exportations de biens et services, en pourcentage du produit intérieur brut (PIB). Données également disponibles séparément pour les biens et services.
description: Der Wert der Waren- und Dienstleistungsexporte als Prozentsatz des Bruttoinlandsprodukts (BIP). Auch für Waren und Dienstleistungen separat verfügbar.
description: The value of exports of goods and services, as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP). Also available for goods and services separately.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15556770
title: Mobil ilovalar uchun foydalanuvchi tajribasi optimallashtirish
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15556771
title: Mobil ilovalar uchun foydalanuvchi tajribasi optimallashtirish
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.646cf47
title: Data from: An allometry between seed kernel and seed coat shows greater investment in physical defense in small seeds

description: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Numerous studies have treated the mass of a whole
 seed as an integrated unit, although the two components, seed kernel and
 seed coat, play different roles and suffer from different evolutionary
 selection pressures. In this study, we provided the first global-scale
 quantification of the relative biomass investments in seed coats and seed
 kernels. We tested the following hypotheses: there is a negative allometry
 between seed kernel mass and seed coat mass, and therefore seed coat ratio
 is negatively correlated with seed mass. METHODS: We compiled a
 global-scale dataset from the published literature, including 680 plant
 species from 420 genera and 108 families. The relationships between seed
 components were quantified using standardized major axes regression,
 ordinary least squares regression and phylogenetic independent analyses.
 KEY RESULTS: We found a weak, but significantly negative allometry between
 seed kernel mass and seed coat mass, which resulted in a negative
 relationship between seed mass and SCR. Similarly results were found after
 accounting for the phylogeny. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that smaller seeds
 invest more in protective tissues but less in stored reserves, may explain
 the general prediction that larger seeds suffer greater predation than
 smaller seeds. Furthermore, this weak allometry may also explain, at least
 in part, why so many studies failed to identify a clear pattern of the
 effect of seed mass on many ecological processes. Our study suggests that
 the allometry between the two seed components must be considered when
 evaluating the ecological significance and evolutionary history of seed
 mass. In compliance with data protection regulations, please contact the
 publication office if you would like to have your personal information
 removed from the database.
description: Seed coat ratio of 680
 speciesSeed coat ratio of 680
 species collected from published literatures.Appendix
 S2.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8g7rg8q
title: Data from: Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment

description: Phenotypic plasticity can allow organisms to respond to environmental
 changes by producing better matching phenotypes without any genetic
 change. Because of this, plasticity is predicted to be a major mechanism
 by which a population can survive the initial stage of colonizing a novel
 environment. We tested this prediction by challenging wild Drosophila
 melanogaster with increasingly extreme larval environments and then
 examining expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and its relationship
 to larval survival in the first generation of encountering a novel
 environment. We found that most families responded in the adaptive
 direction of increased ADH activity in higher alcohol environments and
 families with higher plasticity were also more likely to survive in the
 highest alcohol environment. Thus, plasticity of ADH activity was
 positively selected in the most extreme environment and was a key trait
 influencing fitness. Furthermore, there was significant heritability of
 ADH plasticity which can allow plasticity to evolve in subsequent
 generations after initial colonization. The adaptive value of plasticity,
 however, was only evident in the most extreme environment and had little
 impact on fitness in less extreme environments. The results provide one of
 the first direct test of the adaptive role of phenotypic plasticity in
 colonizing a novel environment.
description: Larval weight, ADH
 activity and family structureThe "egg" tab
 contains the number of eggs collected from each female on different days.
 The "weight" tab contains the information on the number and
 weight of third instar larvae that's collected from each rearing
 vial. The "dataADHactivity" contains the data on all ADH
 activity measures.PPcolonization.xlsxR code for AnalysisR code for the analyses.Analysis.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3h7951k
title: Data from: Phenological mismatch with trees reduces wildflower carbon budgets

description: Interacting species can respond differently to climate change, causing
 unexpected consequences. Many understory wildflowers in deciduous forests
 leaf out and flower in the spring when light availability is highest
 before overstory canopy closure. Therefore, different phenological
 responses by understory and overstory species to increased spring
 temperature could have significant ecological implications. Pairing
 contemporary data with historical observations initiated by Henry David
 Thoreau (1850s), we found that overstory tree leaf out is more responsive
 to increased spring temperature than understory wildflower phenology,
 resulting in shorter periods of high light in the understory before
 wildflowers are shaded by tree canopies. Because of this
 overstory-understory mismatch, we estimate that wildflower spring carbon
 budgets in the northeastern United States were 12-26% larger during
 Thoreau’s era and project a 10-48% reduction during this century. This
 underappreciated phenomenon may have already reduced wildflower fitness
 and could lead to future population declines in these ecologically
 important species.
description: Phenology data for tree
 and wildflower species in ConcordRaw phenology data for
 tree and wildflower species in Concord, MA, USA.Concord_phenology.xlsxDaily carbon gain estimatesDaily carbon gain data used in carbon gain simulations under phenological mismatch. Data for 6 wildflower species were from field measurements taken in a common garden near Pittsburgh, PA (see Heberling, J.M., Cassidy, S.T., Fridley, J.D. & Kalisz, S. (2019) Carbon gain phenologies of spring-flowering perennials in a deciduous forest indicate a novel niche for a widespread invader. New Phytologist 221: 778-788).Carbon_gain_daily.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9r2p3ks
title: Data from: White shark genome reveals ancient elasmobranch adaptations associated with wound healing and the maintenance of genome stability

description: The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias; Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)
 is one of the most publicly recognized marine animals. Here we report the
 genome sequence of the white shark and comparative evolutionary genomic
 analyses to the chondrichthyans, whale shark (Elasmobranchii) and elephant
 shark (Holocephali), as well as various vertebrates. The 4.63-Gbp white
 shark genome contains 24,520 predicted genes, and has a repeat content of
 58.5%. We provide evidence for a history of positive selection and
 gene-content enrichments regarding important genome stability-related
 genes and functional categories, particularly so for the two
 elasmobranchs. We hypothesize that the molecular adaptive emphasis on
 genome stability in white and whale sharks may reflect the combined
 selective pressure of large genome sizes, high repeat content, high
 long-interspersed element retrotransposon representation, large body size,
 and long lifespans, represented across these two species. Molecular
 adaptation for wound healing was also evident, with positive selection in
 key genes involved in the wound-healing process, as well as Gene Ontology
 enrichments in fundamental wound-healing pathways. Sharks, particularly
 apex predators such as the white shark, are believed to have an acute
 sense of smell. However, we found very few olfactory receptor genes, very
 few trace amine-associated receptors, and extremely low numbers of G
 protein-coupled receptors. We did however, identify 13 copies of
 vomeronasal type 2 (V2R) genes in white shark and 10 in whale shark; this,
 combined with the over 30 V2Rs reported previously for elephant shark,
 suggests this gene family may underlie the keen odorant reception of
 chondrichthyans.
description: Fasta file of predicted
 transcripts mRNA sequence above 10 KbpThe following is a fasta
 file of the predicted transcripts from the Maker Genome annotation for all
 scaffolds greater than 10 kilobase in lengthtranscripts_above_10_kb.fastaproteins_from_10kbp_scaffoldsThese are the predicted protein sequences from maker for scaffolds greater than 10 kbp in lengthGFF annotation file from maker annotation of genome including all scaffoldsThis is the maker generated annotation file containing all repeat, gene, and protein annotations for the maker assembly that is uploaded on NCBI associated with the genome sequence for the manuscript "White shark genome: ancient elasmobranch adaptations associated with wound healing and the maintenance of genome stability."genome_annotation_from_maker.tar.gzblast2go_blastx_results_proteinsThis file is a file containing the blast descriptions for all of the predicted proteins (regardless of scaffold size) for the genome.blast2go_results_prot.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hk485q
title: Data from: Wildfire activity and land use drove 20th-century changes in forest cover in the Colorado front range

description: Recent shifts in global forest area highlight the importance of
 understanding the causes and consequences of forest change. To examine the
 influence of several potential drivers of forest cover change, we used
 supervised classifications of historical (1938–1940) and contemporary
 (2015) aerial imagery covering a 2932‐km2 study area in the northern Front
 Range (NFR) of Colorado and we linked observed changes in forest cover
 with abiotic factors, land use, and fire history. Forest cover in the NFR
 demonstrated broad‐scale changes 1938–2015 and overall cover increased
 7.8%, but there was notable spatial variability and many sites also
 experienced Forest Loss. Recent (1978–2015) wildfire was the largest
 single driver of Forest Loss, with fires burning 14.3% of the total study
 area. Recently burned areas showed net losses of 36.9% forest cover.
 Reasons for Forest Gain were more complex, with elevation, past mining
 density, fire history, and topographic heat load index being the strongest
 predictors of increases in forest cover. Historical mining activity is one
 of the dominant anthropogenic impacts in ecosystems in the NFR and it had
 a complex, non‐linear relationship with 20th‐century changes in forest
 cover. Subalpine stands originating after stand‐replacing fires circa
 mid‐1800s to early 1900s showed some of the greatest gains in forest
 cover, indicative of slow and continuous post‐fire recovery through the
 20th century. We also investigated factors such as land ownership, road
 density, forest management activities, and development intensity, which
 played detectable, but more minor roles in observed change.
 Twentieth‐century changes in forest cover throughout the NFR are a result
 of ecological disturbances and anthropogenic influences operating at
 varying timescales and overlaid upon variability in the abiotic
 environment.
description: Raw and Processed Data
 from Rodman et al. (2019, Ecosphere)Data in this archive
 include spatially-referenced aerial imagery from 1938, as well as
 processed data used in final analysis of land cover change in the Colorado
 Front Range. See "README" file for a further description of the
 included data.Rodman_et_al_2019_Dryad.7z
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3p3v816
title: Data from: Latitudinal gradients in the ecology of New World bats

description: Aim: To quantify gradients in local richness levels, feeding strategies,
 and body mass distributions in bats and relate them to environmental
 variation and habitat disturbance. Location: The New World. Time period:
 Present day. Major taxa studied: Bats. Methods: I assembled 152 local
 species inventories including 245 species from the published literature,
 as well as body mass measurements and dietary categorisations. I
 quantified species richness using the Chao 1 extrapolator, obtained mean
 mass values for the inventories, and computed proportions of species and
 of individuals belonging to different feeding guilds. I reduced the
 dimensonality of environmental variables using factor analysis and
 regressed richness values upon the factor scores. Results: Bats exhibit
 sharp increases in local diversity, the abundance of frugivores and
 nectarivores, and mean body mass south of the Tropic of Cancer. These
 offsets are driven by increases in the richness and abundance of the
 leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). Richness steeply declines near the
 Tropic of Capricorn, but the other variables do not trend strongly at this
 point. Most of the variance is explained by mean annual temperature,
 temperature seasonality, and precipitation. There is no direct evidence
 that richness is lower in disturbed landscapes. Main conclusions: The
 great radiation of phyllostomids in the Neotropics has created a uniquely
 rich biota. The reason that phyllostomids are now absent from the northern
 temperate zone may be that they are mostly frugivores or nectarivores, so
 they have prospered only in regions that provide fruit and nectar
 year-round. Thus, biotic interactions may be the immediate cause of the
 latitudinal diversity gradient in New World bats. If so, then the
 biogeographic break is driven by environmental factors and is not a
 historical artifact. These results suggest that a more nuanced
 consideration of latitudinal gradients will prove to be helpful when it
 comes to studying many taxonomic groups.
description: bat_referencesReferences to publications yielding data on the distribution, abundance, feeding ecology, and body mass of New World bat species.bat_registerA list of presences of New World bats within ecological samples. Each record is associated with a count of individuals.bat_samplesA list of ecological samples yielding New World bats presences. Each record is associated with geographic coordinates and climate data sourced from primary literature.bat_speciesA list of New World bat species. Each record is associated with feeding ecology and body mass data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n9f35h2
title: Data from: The forgotten season: the impact of autumn phenology on a specialist insect herbivore community on oak

description: 1. Variation in spring phenology – like tree budburst – affects the
 structure of insect communities, but impacts of autumn phenology have been
 neglected. Many plant species have recently delayed their autumn
 phenology, and the timing of leaf senescence may be important for
 herbivorous insects. 2. This study explored how an insect herbivore
 community associated with Quercus robur is influenced by variation in
 autumn phenology. For this, schools were asked to record, across the range
 of oak in Sweden, the autumn phenology of oaks and to conduct a survey of
 the insect community. 3. To tease apart the relative impacts of climate
 from that of tree phenology, regional tree phenology was first modelled as
 a function of regional climate, and the tree‐specific deviation from this
 relationship was then used as the metric of relative tree‐specific
 phenology. 4. At the regional scale, a warmer climate postponed oak leaf
 senescence. This was also reflected in the insect herbivore community: six
 out of 15 taxa occurred at a higher incidence and five out of 18 taxa were
 more abundant, in locations with a warmer climate. Similarly, taxonomic
 richness and herbivory were higher in warmer locations. 5. Trees with a
 relatively late autumn phenology had higher abundances of leaf miners
 (Phyllonorycter spp.). This caused lower community diversity and evenness
 on trees with later autumn phenology. 6. The findings of the present study
 illustrate that both regional climate‐driven patterns and local variation
 in oak autumn phenology contribute to shaping the insect herbivore
 community. Community patterns may thus shift with a changing climate.
description: RAWDATA
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8216g63
title: Data from: Artificial light at night does not affect telomere shortening in a developing free-living songbird: a field experiment

description: Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly pervasive
 anthropogenic disturbance factor. ALAN can seriously disrupt physiological
 systems that follow circadian rhythms, and may be particularly influential
 early in life, when developmental trajectories are sensitive to stressful
 conditions. Using great tits (Parus major) as a model species, we
 experimentally examined how ALAN affects physiological stress in
 developing nestlings. We used a repeated-measure design to assess effects
 of ALAN on telomere shortening, body mass, tarsus length and body
 condition. Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that protect
 chromosomes from damage and malfunction. Early life telomere shortening
 can be accelerated by environmental stressors, and has been linked to
 later-life declines in survival and reproduction. We also assayed nitric
 oxide, as an additional metric of physiological stress, and determined
 fledging success. Change in body condition between day 8 and 15 differed
 according to treatment. Nestlings exposed to ALAN displayed a trend
 towards a decline in condition, whereas control nestlings displayed a
 trend towards increased condition. This pattern was driven by a greater
 increase in tarsus length relative to mass in nestlings exposed to ALAN.
 Nestlings in poorer condition and nestlings that were smaller than their
 nest mates had shorter telomeres. However, exposure to ALAN was unrelated
 to telomere shortening, and also had no effect on nitric oxide
 concentrations or fledging success. Thus, exposure to ALAN may not have
 led to sufficient stress to induce telomere shortening. Indeed, plasticity
 in other physiological systems could allow nestlings to maintain telomere
 length despite moderate stress. Alternatively, the cascade of
 physiological and behavioral responses associated with light exposure may
 have no net effect on telomere dynamics.
description: Artificial light at
 night and telomere shorteningThis data file contains
 information about telomere dynamics, body condition, and nitric oxide
 levels in great tit (Parus major) nestlings exposed to, and not exposed
 to, artificial light at night (ALAN). Relative telomere length (RTL) and
 body condition (residuals of a regression predicting body mass from tarsus
 length) were assessed for each nestling both before the beginning of
 experimental exposure to ALAN (on day 8) and following exposure to ALAN
 (on day 15). Nitric oxide levels (nmol/ml) were assessed from plasma
 samples on day 15. Information about nestling sex, brood size, and size
 rank within the brood (largest nestling = rank 1) is also
 provided.ALAN and telomere
 shortening_DRYAD_2118.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ss2t53
title: Data from: Home ground advantage: local Atlantic salmon have higher reproductive fitness than dispersers in the wild

description: A long-held, but poorly tested, assumption in natural populations is that
 individuals that disperse into new areas for reproduction are at a
 disadvantage compared to individuals that reproduce in their natal
 habitat, underpinning the eco-evolutionary processes of local adaptation
 and ecological speciation. Here, we capitalize on fine-scale population
 structure and natural dispersal events to compare the reproductive success
 of local and dispersing individuals captured on the same spawning ground
 in four consecutive parent-offspring cohorts of wild Atlantic salmon
 (Salmo salar). Parentage analysis conducted on adults and juvenile fish
 showed that local females and males had 9.6 and 2.9 times higher
 reproductive success than dispersers, respectively. Our results reveal how
 higher reproductive success in local spawners compared to dispersers may
 act in natural populations to drive population divergence and promote
 local adaptation over microgeographic spatial scales without clear
 morphological differences between populations.
description: AdultsThis file contains all
 phenotypic and reproductive success data, and population assignment
 details for each individual adult salmon sampled at the main study site,
 lower Utsjoki, over for cohort years (2011-15), and the secondary site,
 Akujoki, for 2011 cohort year.Microsatellite
 genotypesThis file contains all
 microsatellite genotype data for adults and offspring used in parentage
 assignments, for all years and sampling locations. Microsatellite loci are
 listed in two columns, (a) for the first allele and (b) for the second
 allele.Genotypes.csvMateChoiceThis file contains data for each pair of adults identified from offspring parentage assignments as having mated together. These data were used to test for assortative mating and other aspects of mate choice.Parentage AssignmentsThis file contains the output of the pedigree fit, i.e. parentage assignments, for all sampled offspring. For ease of interpretation, the origin (local or disperser) and the natal population of the mother and father are also provided.ParentageAssignments.csvPop assignment - adult genotypesGenotype file for adults from lower Utsjoki and Akujoki used for population assignment in ONCOR.Pop assignment - baseline sample genotypesGenotype file for adults sampled from baseline populations in Vaha et al. 2017 used for population assignment in ONCOR.