DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3nr2f
title: Data from: Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species co-distributed across a microreserve network

description: Conservation plans can be greatly improved when information on the
 evolutionary and demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation is
 available for several co-distributed species. Here, we study spatial
 patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation among five grasshopper
 species that are co-distributed across a network of microreserves but show
 remarkable differences in dispersal-related morphology (body size and wing
 length), degree of habitat specialization and extent of fragmentation of
 their respective habitats in the study region. In particular, we tested
 the hypothesis that species with preferences for highly fragmented
 microhabitats show stronger genetic and phenotypic structure than
 co-distributed generalist taxa inhabiting a continuous matrix of suitable
 habitat. We also hypothesized a higher resemblance of spatial patterns of
 genetic and phenotypic variability among species that have experienced a
 higher degree of habitat fragmentation due to their more similar responses
 to the parallel large-scale destruction of their natural habitats. In
 partial agreement with our first hypothesis, we found that genetic
 structure, but not phenotypic differentiation, was higher in species
 linked to highly fragmented habitats. We did not find support for
 congruent patterns of phenotypic and genetic variability among any studied
 species, indicating that they show idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories
 and distinctive demographic responses to habitat fragmentation across a
 common landscape. This suggests that conservation practices in networks of
 protected areas require detailed ecological and evolutionary information
 on target species in order to focus management efforts on those taxa that
 are more sensitive to the effects of habitat fragmentation.
description: Phenotypic and genotypic
 data Sheet 1 contains
 phenotypic (femur length, in millimeters) and genotypic (7 microsatellite
 loci) data for 352 individuals of the grasshopper
 <em>Mioscirtus</em> <em>wagneri</em> collected in
 12 localities from La Mancha region. Sheet 2 contains phenotypic (femur
 length, in millimeters) and genotypic (12 microsatellite loci) data for
 234 individuals of the grasshopper <em>Ramburiella</em>
 <em>hispanica</em> collected in 12 localities from La Mancha
 region. Sheet 3 contains phenotypic (femur length, in millimeters) and
 genotypic (5 microsatellite loci) data for 204 individuals of the
 grasshopper <em>Calliptamus</em> <em>barbarus</em>
 collected in 12 localities from La Mancha region. Sheet 4 contains
 phenotypic (femur length, in millimeters) and genotypic (6 microsatellite
 loci) data for 219 individuals of the grasshopper
 <em>Calliptamus</em> <em>italicus</em> collected
 in 11 localities from La Mancha region. Sheet 5 contains phenotypic (femur
 length, in millimeters) and genotypic (8 microsatellite loci) data for 221
 individuals of the grasshopper <em>Oedaleus</em>
 <em>decorus</em> collected in 11 localities from La Mancha
 region. PhenotypicGenotypicData.xls Aligned 16S DNA sequences Aligned 16S DNA sequences in FASTA format 16S_SequenceAlignment.fasta Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S DNA sequences Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S DNA sequences and built using the program MEGA 16S_Tree.nwk Input files used for STRUCTURE analyses Input files used for Bayesian analyses of genetic structure implemented in the program STRUCTURE. There is one file for each studied species (<em>Mioscirtus wagneri, Ramburiella hispanica, Calliptamus barbarus, Calliptamus italicus, </em>and<em> Oedaleus decorus</em>). StructureInputFiles.zip Input files used for Mantel tests Input files for Mantel tests performed using the program ZT. These files include geographical distance, genetic differentiation (Fst), and phenotypic differentiation (Pst) between each pair of populations and for each studied species (<em>Mioscirtus wagneri, Ramburiella hispanica, Calliptamus barbarus, Calliptamus italicus, </em>and<em> Oedaleus decorus</em>). MantelTestInputFiles.zip