cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjc0
title: Data from: The Polycytellidae viewed as Gondwanan Glosselytrodea

description: The material of Glosselytrodea from the Molteno Formation (Triassic, South
 Africa), consisting of two specimens, is herein studied. A preliminary
 comparative analysis is conducted based on the new material and new data
 on Polycytella triassica Tillyard, 1922 (Triassic, Australia),
 highlighting the relevance of the width of the area anterior to RA
 (particularly, opposite the end of ScP), an area very broad in Polycytella
 Tillyard, 1922, Argentinoglosselytrina Martins-Neto and Gallego, 2001
 (Triassic, Argentina) and in the new material from the Molteno. An emended
 diagnosis of the Polycytellidae is elaborated accordingly. The material
 from the Molteno is assigned to Polycytella rasnitsyni gen. et sp. nov.
 and Moltenojurina parva gen. et sp. nov., the latter being the smallest
 Glosselytrodea known to date. As newly delimited, the Polycytellidae are
 strictly Gondwanian.
description: The provided RTI file was derived from a set of 58 photographs
 obtained using a prototypal light dome of about 30 cm in diameter and
 equipped with 58 LEDs. Both the light dome and camera (a Canon EOS 5D Mark
 III equipped with a Canon MP-E 65 mm macro lens; Tokyo, Japan) where
 driven by a prototypal control box. Obtained images were then
 batch-optimized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA,
 USA) and were further compiled into an RTI file using the RTI Builder
 software v. 2.0.2 (freely available under GNU license, using the HSH
 fitter; Cultural Heritage Imaging).
description: The RTI file can be opened using the RTIviewer software (freely
 available from Cultural Heritage Imaging).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kdbx
title: Historical biogeography of New World Passalidae

description: Aim: The fauna of Mesoamerica is extraordinarily species rich and exhibits
 a high degree of local, regional, and high-elevation endemism.
 Traditionally, this area has been seen as a transition zone between the
 Nearctic and Neotropical regions; in contrast, new data suggest
 Mesoamerica is a center of origin and taxonomic diversification. For
 example, the diversity of species and genera of Passalidae in Mesoamerica
 is concentrated in montane environments and there are many locally-endemic
 taxa; thus, Mesoamerica has been suggested as a center of origin and
 taxonomic diversification for the group. However, this hypothesis has not
 been formally tested. Location: New World tropics, with an emphasis on
 Mesoamerica Taxon: Coleoptera, Passalidae (tribes Passalini and Proculini)
 Methods: We studied timing and geographic patterns in the taxonomic
 diversification of Neotropical Passalidae. We used DNA sequence data from
 3 genes (CAD, Wingless, 28S) for 93 species of Passalidae, along with
 information from the fossil record, to generate a time-calibrated
 phylogeny for the group. Additionally, we performed Ancestral Area
 Estimation and Ancestral State Reconstruction of the altitudinal
 distribution niche. Results: The divergence time analyses recovered a much
 older estimated timing of origin and diversification events in Passalidae
 than previously proposed. We recovered the origins of the New World
 Passalidae in the late Jurassic and the split between Passalini and
 Proculini during the mid-Cretaceous. Moreover, we observed congruence
 between timing and patterns of clade diversification and major
 paleogeographical events. For example, the origin and crown
 diversification of montane genera during the uplift and emergence of
 Mesoamerica from the sea.   Main conclusions: Orogenic events
 throughout the Paleogene and Neogene played a major role in the
 diversification of New World Passalidae. Moreover, Nuclear and Southern
 Mesoamerica are centers of origin and taxonomic diversification for
 Proculini.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg79cnpb4
title: GABAA presynaptic inhibition regulates the gain and kinetics of retinal output neurons

description: Output signals of neural circuits, including the retina, are shaped by a
 combination of excitatory and inhibitory signals. Inhibitory signals can
 act presynaptically on axon terminals to control neurotransmitter release
 and regulate circuit function. However, it has been difficult to study the
 role of presynaptic inhibition in most neural circuits due to lack of
 cell-type specific and receptor-type specific perturbations. In this
 study, we used a transgenic approach to selectively eliminate GABAA
 inhibitory receptors from select types of second order neurons - bipolar
 cells - in mouse retina and examined how this affects the light response
 properties of the well-characterized ON alpha ganglion cell retinal
 circuit. Selective loss of GABAA receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition
 causes an enhanced sensitivity and slower kinetics of light-evoked
 responses from ON alpha ganglion cells thus highlighting the role of
 presynaptic inhibition in gain control and temporal filtering of sensory
 signals in a key neural circuit in the mammalian retina.
description: The dataset
 contains all the source data for each figures arranged in separate excel
 files. Each figure is saved as separate excel files where each excel file
 is arranged into distinct sheets for given type of experiment. The dataset
 in each excel sheet has been labeled and annotated to make it easy to
 understand. All the y-axis and x-axis values for each plot have been
 clearly listed.
DOI: 10.25349/d9tw33
title: Surgeonfish foraging data at Palmyra Atoll

description: This dataset includes surgeonfish foraging metrics quantified during focal
 follow trials and includes: (a) bite composition, (b) bite rate, (c)
 foraging time, (d) foraging depth, and (e) forager size (cm). Data was
 collected at Palmyra Atoll on the back reef and fore reef habitats in
 2013. Four common surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) were selected as study
 species; Ctenochaetus striatus, Ctenochaetus marginatus, Acanthurus
 lineatus, and Acanthurus nigricans. The raw data is aggregated by a unique
 ID, which consists of a 5-minute feeding trial for each
 individual. Metadata describing each column is included in the
 file.
description: The data was collected at Palmyra Atoll (5° 53’ N, 162° 07’W),
 located in the Northern Line Island chain. The atoll consists of a large
 lagoon network with two gradually sloping reef terraces on the eastern and
 western side. The study was conducted across the western terrace at five
 sites on the back reef (Rubble Pile, G Banger, Penguin Spit, and Crazy
 Corals) and two sites on the fore reef (FR 9 and FR Penguin Spit). Site
 information including latitude and longitude is included in the
 documentation. Due to differences in abundance, behavioral trials for
 <i>C. striatus </i>and <i>C. marginatus</i> were
 restrained to the back reef and fore reef, respectively. <i>A.
 lineatus</i> was not present on the forereef and therefore
 behavioral trials occurred only on the backreef. <i>A.
 nigricans</i> behavioral trials were conducted across both reef
 zones. For each observation, an adult focal species (≥10cm total length)
 was selected at random and the size and time of day that the observation
 started was recorded. Before initiating an observation, each resident
 species was observed for 2-3 min to allow the focal fish and neighboring
 species to acclimate to the observers presence prior to the experimental
 trial start time. During timed observations, a distanced diver (2-3m
 behind) recorded bite rate and composition. If at any point during an
 observation the focal individual exhibited irregular or stressed behavior,
 color changes, or exerted aggression at an observer, the trial was
 abandoned and omitted. However, this rarely occurred, with most focal
 individuals displaying normal behavior after 1-2 min of observers'
 presence. Fish were not resampled.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsjr
title: Sexual maturity in Barn Owl (Tyto alba)

description: The age at first reproduction can significantly impact fitness. We
 investigated the possible source of variation in the age at first
 reproduction (“sexual maturity”) and its consequences for lifetime
 reproductive success in a wild population of barn owls. This raptor is
 sexually dimorphic for two melanin-based plumage traits shown to covary
 with sex-specific behaviour and physiology. We observed that females were
 sexually mature earlier than males, an effect that depended on the colour
 of their plumage and birth date. Among females born early in the season,
 dark melanic (i.e. more pheomelanic with large and many black feather
 spots) yearlings were sexually mature earlier than light melanic females.
 The relationship was in the opposite direction in those born late in the
 season. In yearling males, the opposite result, albeit less pronounced,
 was discovered, i.e. lightly melanic males born early in the season were
 sexually mature earlier than dark melanic males, an effect that was in the
 opposite direction in males that were born late in the
 season. Individuals that matured faster produced a larger number
 of fledglings per year than individuals that matured slower, an effect
 that was found only in dark melanic females and in light melanic
 males. Dark melanic females also achieved a higher
 lifetime reproductive success (LRS) than light melanic
 conspecifics. Our results suggest that a light melanic plumage is
 beneficial in males and a dark melanic plumage in females suggesting
 sexually antagonist selection.
description: The study was conducted between 1991 and 2019 in western
 Switzerland on a population of barn owls (<em>Tyto alba</em>).
 This dataset contains information on six hundred and fifteen adults (319
 males, 296 females) captured as breeders and ringed as nestlings, and
 hence their birth date was known with precision. It contains information
 on hatching date and laying date of the very first clutch for males and
 females, and on three melanic traits (i.e. pheomelanin colour score, size
 and number of eumelanic spots displayed on plumage) observed in this
 species.
description: The dataset contains three files. The "AllData.xlsx"
 file contains all the data we collected for individuals that were ringed
 as nestlings and that were further captured as breeders. The "First
 Year Breed.xlsx" file contains the data for all the individuals who
 reproduced during their first year of life. Finally, the "Lifetime
 Reproductive Success.xlsx" file contains all the information
 regarding LRS. In each file, there is a sheet that describes the different
 variables.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dv41ns1xw
title: The impacts of nutrient supply and imbalance on subcontinental co-occurrence networks and metacommunity composition of stream algae

description: The amounts and ratios of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are
 important determinants of producer community biodiversity and composition
 and their responses to climate and dispersal. However, the nutrient
 effects on co-occurrence network topology, particularly in freshwaters,
 are understudied. Here, we investigate 1) whether nutrient supply and
 ratio constrain topological properties of algal co-occurrence networks in
 streams and 2) to what extent climate and space (a surrogate for
 dispersal) affect co-occurrence network topology vs. metacommunity
 composition across nutrient supply and ratio contexts. We used a
 subcontinental dataset of benthic algae from 840 stream localities in the
 conterminous US. We constructed co-occurrence networks representing
 nutrient supply contexts (oligotrophic vs. eutrophic) and nutrient ratio
 contexts (N-limited vs. P-limited) and statistically assessed topological
 variability within each pair via randomization. We then used a null model
 framework and direct gradient analysis to ascertain the importance of
 climate and space in driving, respectively, network topology and
 metacommunity composition. Nutrient supply was only positively related to
 network size (node counts), which was driven by motile species, while
 other topological differences were non-significant. Climatic and spatial
 variables had pronounced and for the most part comparable effects on
 network topology that further depended on nutrient context. A comparative
 assessment of topological vs. compositional responses to climate and space
 across nutrient contexts identified both similarities and differences.
 While climate and space contributed to both network topology and
 metacommunity composition, space was a stronger predictor of compositional
 variability than climate, regardless of nutrient context. Our findings
 highlight the need for developing integrative multi-level approaches (from
 metacommunities to co-occurrence networks) to fully understand biological
 responses to complex and interactive abiotic forces.
description: The datasets herein are subsetted from 942 qualified stream sites
 from the original United States Geological Survey's NAWQA dataset for
 benthic diatoms (1993-2015) for a total of 840 stream samples across 4
 nutrient categories, 193 each of oligotrophic and eutrophic streams, and
 227 each of N- and P-limited streams.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcdg
title: Improved household living standards can restore dry tropical forests

description: Despite multiple approaches over the last several decades to harmonize
 conservation and development goals in the tropics, forest-depende­­­­­­nt
 households remain the poorest in the world. Durable housing and
 alternatives to fuelwood for cooking are critical needs to reduce
 multi-dimensional poverty. These improvements also potentially reduce
 pressure on forests and alleviate forest degradation. We test this
 possibility in dry tropical forests of the Central Indian Highlands where
 tribal and other marginalized populations rely on forests for energy,
 construction materials, and other livelihood needs. Based on a
 remotely-sensed measure of forest degradation and a 5000 household survey
 of forest use, we use machine learning (causal forests) and other
 statistical methods to quantify treatment effects of two improved living
 standards – alternatives to fuelwood for cooking and non-forest based
 housing material - on forest degradation in 1, 2, and 5 km buffers around
 500 villages. Both improved living standards had significant treatment
 effects (-0.030±0.078, -0.030±0.023, 95% CI) respectively, with negative
 values indicating less forest degradation, within 1 km buffers around
 villages. Treatment effects were lower with increasing distance from
 villages. Results suggest that improved living standards can both reduce
 forest degradation and alleviate poverty. Forest restoration efforts can
 target improved living standards for local communities without conflicts
 over land tenure or taking land out of production to plant trees.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pk7h
title: Attributes of rock-dwelling reptiles within the Australian wheat-sheep zone

description: Rocky environments host rich levels of biodiversity, and provide vital
 habitat for specialised organisms, range-restricted species, and a broad
 range of ectotherms adapted to saxicoline environments. In Australia, rock
 habitat is being destroyed during soil amelioration practices associated
 with agricultural intensification. Advances in rock crushing technology,
 developed to expand or increase crop yields and efficiency, pose an
 undocumented threat to biodiversity, especially reptiles dependent on
 non-renewable rock habitat in agricultural landscapes worldwide. Rock
 removal is a legislated key threatening process in parts of Australia and
 will accelerate biodiversity loss if not mitigated. We estimated reptile
 species’ range overlap with dryland cropping and modified pastoral regions
 within the Australian wheat-sheep zone to assess potential impacts of rock
 crushing practices. We examined species- and family-richness within the
 impact zone, and across bioregions within the impact zone, to identify
 areas where rock removal has the greatest potential to impact terrestrial
 and fossorial squamates.   Our analysis revealed that 159
 potentially impacted reptile species occur within the study area,
 representing 16% of Australian terrestrial squamates. Fourteen of these
 species, including six threatened species, have more than 50% range
 overlap with areas of intensive agriculture, and include several
 endangered pygopodids, scincids and agamids.   Bioregions rich in
 rock and burrow-dwelling reptiles include the Brigalow Belt South,
 Murray-Darling Depression, Darling Riverina Plains, Eyre York Block, Avon
 Wheatbelt, Nandewar, Flinders Lofty Block and New South Wales South
 Western Slopes. Synthesis and applications. The conservation of reptiles
 in agricultural landscapes requires appropriate management and retention
 of surface rocks. Potential yield increases from destroying rock habitat
 to intensify or expand cropland will not compensate for the net loss of
 reptile populations dependent on non-renewable resources. Financial
 incentives to prevent the expansion and transformation of non-arable
 landscapes to cropland is required to prevent ongoing loss of
 biodiversity.
description: Data sourced from the IUCN Red List database
description: A read me file has been included along with the excel
 dataset.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fj6q573tz
title: Raw data for: Rhinarium cooling and sensitivity to thermal radiation in domestic dogs

description: The rhinarium of a dog seems to be cold for sensitivity to weak thermal
 radiation, such as body heat radiation. However, according to De Cock
 Buning [1], the temperature of the sensor should not matter for the
 detection of radiating heat. We investigated the relevance of detector
 temperature for the amount of transferred thermal energy and the contrast
 in the thermal image by computer modelling, which showed that the detector
 has to be colder than the detected temperature in order to receive any
 thermal radiation from the target. In training experiments, we always
 presented stimuli in pairs, one close to ambient temperature (due to
 technical reasons 1-2 ⁰C above) and the other one 10-12 ⁰C warmer. The
 rhinarium temperature in the trained dogs varied, most likely depending on
 whether they detected both stimuli or just the warmer one alone, which was
 enough to solve the task. The present data show that dogs cool their
 rhinaria if they want to detect radiating heat. We furthermore found a
 cooling mechanism.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb0r
title: Golden bandicoot raw tracking data

description: In 2010, vulnerable golden bandicoots (Isoodon auratus) were translocated
 from Barrow Island, Western Australia, to a predator-free
 enclosure on the Matuwa Indigenous Protected Area.
 Golden bandicoots were once widespread throughout a variety of
 arid and semi-arid habitats of central and northern Australia.
 Like many small to medium-sized marsupials, the species has severely
 declined since colonisation and has been reduced to only four
 remnant natural populations. Between 2010 and 2020 the
 reintroduced population of golden bandicoots on Matuwa was monitored via
 capture mark-recapture data collection which was used in spatially
 explicit capture-recapture analysis to monitor their abundance
 over time. In 2014, we used VHF transmitters to examine the home
 range and habitat selection of 20 golden bandicoots in the
 enclosure over a six-week period. We used compositional analysis to
 compare the use of four habitat types. Golden bandicoot abundance in
 the enclosure slowly increased between 2010 and 2014 and has
 since plateaued at approximately one quarter of the density
 observed in the founding population on Barrow Island. The population
 may have plateaued because some bandicoots escape through the
 fence. Golden bandicoots used habitats dominated by scattered
 shrubland over spinifex grass more than expected given the habitat’s
 availability. Nocturnal foraging range was influenced by sex and trapping
 location, whereas diurnal refuge habitat was consistent across sex and
 trapping location. Our work suggests that diurnal refuge habitat
 may be an important factor for the success of proposed translocations
 of golden bandicoots.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqg4
title: Ocean-scale footprint of a highly mobile fishing fleet: social-ecological drivers of fleet behaviour and evidence of illegal fishing

description: Managing the footprint of highly mobile fishing fleets is increasingly
 important due to continuing declines of fish populations. However,
 social-ecological drivers for fisher behaviour remain poorly understood
 for many fleets globally. Using the Sri Lankan fleet as a case study, we
 explored the role of social, environmental and policy drivers of effort
 distribution and illegal fishing. We used semi-structured interviews and
 participatory mapping with 95 fishers, combined with explanatory modelling
 (Generalised Linear Models, GLM) and multivariate statistics, including
 Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our findings highlight broad footprint
 (~3,800,000 km2) of this fleet, with fishing effort expended in high seas
 (53.9%), domestic (40.9%) and, illegally, in foreign waters (5.2%). 26% of
 fishers directly admitted to fishing illegally in foreign waters during
 interviews, whereas 62% of fishers indicated doing so during participatory
 mapping. GLMs explained underlying decisions of where to fish (36% of the
 total deviance in effort distribution) as a function of social variables
 (14%), notable distance from landing sites (13%), and environmental
 variables (11%), notably Sea Surface Temperature (10%). Multivariate
 analysis revealed that individual fisher characteristics associated with
 illegal fishing, such as a level of reliance on sharks, vary across the
 fleet. Analysis of qualitative data suggested that the influence of
 interpersonal and community social networks and perceptions of higher
 catch value, particularly of sharks, may be important. Our approach
 demonstrates the utility of mixed methods research, including the
 collection of qualitative data, for creating a detailed understanding of
 spatial behaviour, including decisions of whether to fish illegally.
 Results highlight the importance of adopting a social-ecological lens to
 investigate drivers for human behaviour, and non-compliance with rules. We
 advocate for a nuanced approach to monitoring and managing of fleets,
 including investigating localised social drivers for illegal fishing and
 enhancing regional transparency in fleet monitoring.
description: Semi-structured interviews with 95 fishers on Sri Lankas south
 and west coasts. Participatory mapping was used, with data mapped using
 QGIS, and categorical data taken from interviews and assigned spatial
 reference. Dataset represents important categories, identified through
 qualitative data and a literature review.