cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005738
title: Students modeling clothes, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 12 photographs with 12 prints of students modeling hats and clothing, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 12. "Client: Chouinard's, Mr. Caldwell; in city; Amount: 36.00" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/d9edde0895b817bc351a8dac0c50736e
title: Jornada Basin LTER Cross-scale Interactions Study (CSIS) Block 10 meteorological station: 1-hour summary data: 2017 - ongoing

description: This data package contains hourly air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation summary data from Jornada Basin LTER Cross Scale Interactions Study (CSIS) Block-10 met station. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation are measured and calculated at an automated meteorological station connected to a 900 MHz spread spectrum wireless network. Wind speed is measured at 37cm, 75 cm, 150 cm, and 300 cm, wind direction at approximately 3m, and air temperature and relative humidity at approximate 2.5m. Measurements are aggregated at intervals of 5, 30, 60 minutes and daily, with precipitation additionally provided with 1 second aggregation during precipitation events. Precipitation is not measured at Block 1 and Block 12 because of proximity to Block 2 and Block 13, respectively . This is an ONGOING dataset.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036861
title: Copies of Old Navy snapshots, unidentified locations, 1942

description: 4 photographs of a Navy ship, a captain, and 2 of crews, unidentified locations, 1942 June 20. "Client: Heintz-Pickering & Co[mpany], W. T. Pickering, operator's report - name: Joe; 1 copy; Amount: 1.50" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036863
title: Convention at Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 183 photographs of men's clothing being modeled: surrounding the swimming pool is an audience as if the walkways beside the pool were a fashion runway, Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 14. Occasionally individual women and boys accompany the male models when matching clothes are involved, and there are photographs of lunch service, crowds, and individual crowd members from individuals through groups. "Client: Mens Wear Association; Agency: Phil Lansdale; charge only for 178 neg[ative]s @ 2.75 & extra 8x10 glossy of ea[ch]; Amount: $300.00; priced originally at 2.75 ea[ch], incl[uding] an extra 8x10 print, on acc[coun]t poor photos, sp[e]c[ia]l price was charged" - on envelopes. "Apparel for Morale, Los Angeles Men's Fall Apparel Show, Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Tuesday, July 14th, 1942, Market Week, July 15 to 18, inclusive; Presented by Men's Wear Manufacturers of Los Angeles; The models (in order of their appearance): Lee Bennett, Billy Wilkerson, Jim Ball, Alan Baldwin, Fred Beckner, Allen Keith,Don McGill, Shep Houghton" - on program.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036882
title: Xmas shots, Los Angeles, Calif., 1939

description: 18 photographs of jewelry, a travel toiletries set, clothing and accessories (including a fox fur), bowls, vase, small adding machine, furniture, tableware, and a portable radio, Los Angeles, California, 1939 November 14. "Subject: [Christ]mas shots." "Client: J. W. Robinson Co[mpany], Miss Furman; operator's report - name: 'Dick' [Whittington], 21 original photographs - at studio @ 5.00; Amount: $105.00" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8wt3dt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Neurergus barani Öz, 1994",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2011",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013415-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036870
title: Selling bonds & stamps, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 4 photographs of a woman selling savings (war) bonds and stamps door to door, in the street, and from a counter at a department store, Los Angeles, California, 1942 June 24. "Client: J. W. Robinson, Mr. Markley; operator's report - name: Joe; special price; Amount: 12.50" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036887
title: Convention at Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 183 photographs of men's clothing being modeled: surrounding the swimming pool is an audience as if the walkways beside the pool were a fashion runway, Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 14. Occasionally individual women and boys accompany the male models when matching clothes are involved, and there are photographs of lunch service, crowds, and individual crowd members from individuals through groups. "Client: Mens Wear Association; Agency: Phil Lansdale; charge only for 178 neg[ative]s @ 2.75 & extra 8x10 glossy of ea[ch]; Amount: $300.00; priced originally at 2.75 ea[ch], incl[uding] an extra 8x10 print, on acc[coun]t poor photos, sp[e]c[ia]l price was charged" - on envelopes. "Apparel for Morale, Los Angeles Men's Fall Apparel Show, Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Tuesday, July 14th, 1942, Market Week, July 15 to 18, inclusive; Presented by Men's Wear Manufacturers of Los Angeles; The models (in order of their appearance): Lee Bennett, Billy Wilkerson, Jim Ball, Alan Baldwin, Fred Beckner, Allen Keith,Don McGill, Shep Houghton" - on program.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17018654
title: Copies of portraits of titles, unidentified location, 1938

description: 9 photographs, mostly the text of statements by managers about their individual Pioneer Flintkote products, along with their signatures, and the 9th a portrait of a man,unidentified locations, 1938 August 13. "Client: Pioneer Flintkote Company, Mr. Ewart; [negatives] #1,2 go together; 9 copies - Amount: 9.00" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17009145
title: L.A. Tennis Club publicity, Los Angeles, Calif., 1939

description: 5 photographs of a construction site, Los Angeles, California, 1939 August 1. "Client: Paddock Engineering Co[mpany], 1014 No[rth] La Brea, Mr. Smith; deliver to Mr. Casey, L[os] A[ngeles] Tennis Club; operator's report - name: Jack; in city; Amount: 15.00 [crossed out] 12.50; Mr. Whitt[ington] says change price" - on envelope. "Job: Club officials on court (have Paddock representative in picture)" - on job card.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17006038
title: "Shocky," Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 13 photographs of a small boy playing with props and a cocker spaniel dog in the Whittington studio backyard, Los Angeles, California, 1939 April 1. "Client: Live Food Products, Miss Samuelly" -- on envelope front. "Operator's report -- Name: Jack; 13 original photographs -- at studio; 8x10; Amount: 30.00" -- on envelope back. The negative envelope indicates that the Whittington studio fulfilled 4 print orders.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17006045
title: "Shocky," Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 13 photographs of a small boy playing with props and a cocker spaniel dog in the Whittington studio backyard, Los Angeles, California, 1939 April 1. "Client: Live Food Products, Miss Samuelly" -- on envelope front. "Operator's report -- Name: Jack; 13 original photographs -- at studio; 8x10; Amount: 30.00" -- on envelope back. The negative envelope indicates that the Whittington studio fulfilled 4 print orders.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036912
title: Presentation of Navy E & star to Norris Co., Vernon, Calif., 1942

description: 16 photographs of a ceremony involving the United States Navy and its supplier the Norris Stamping and Manufacturing Company, including the raising of the Navy's E flag, and a platform with the "E" rating, Vernon, California, 1942 June 15. "Client: Norris Stamping Co[mpany], Mr. Kingsley; operator's report - name: Vannice; out of city 15 miles; Amount: 42.50" - on envelope. "Job: Presentation, same as last year" - on job card. "Program: [lists of names for Los Angeles, Navy and Norris, including] Carleton B Tibbetts, President, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce; Chaplain O. D. Hermann, USN, Mr. Clarence B. Runkle, Director, Norris Stamping and Manufacturing Co[mpany]; Colonel Arthur R. Baird, executive officer, Los Angeles Ordnance Region; Commander J. C. Arnold, Senior Assistant Inspector of Naval material, Vernon; Captain G. M. Ravenscroft, USN, Chief of Staff, 11th Naval District; Mr. K. T. Norris, President, Norris Stamping and Manufacturing Co[mpany]" - on page in envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036706
title: So. American Aviation cadets, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 2 men and a woman stand and sit near the swimming pool at the Whittington studio, with the pool house in the background, Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 14. "Subject: So[uth] American Aviation cadets at studio (standing Senor Celso Francisco Monten; sitting Senor Gonsalo Torres Panaga) then J. W. Elliott - Curtiss-Wright Institute, Glendale." "Client: Whittington; 4 ea[ch] contact gloss[y]" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17008033
title: Francis Lederer & wife publicity, Los Angeles County, 1937

description: 11 photographs of actor Francis Lederer and his wife Margo, many with food, 2 with the 2 of them in a tree, probably in Los Angeles County, 1937 November 27. "Client: Calif[ornia] Chain Stores, Rubert Murray; Classifications: O. Close ups; Operator's report - name: Joe; out of city - Amount: 25.00; 60 miles: transportation at 7 c[ents] - Amount: 4.20; 4 hours time@ 2.00 - Amount: 8.00; [Total] amount: 37.20" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17008042
title: Standard service on the telephone, unidentified locations, 1937

description: 107 photographs of many different scenes for a slide show involving mainly telephone etiquette, unidentified locations, 1937 November 20. "Client: Standard Oil Co[mpany], Jack Bettencourt; Agency: Rodney Gilliam; Operator's report - name: 'Dick' [Whittington]; 73 finished slides including models, montages, etc.; Amount: $835.00" - on envelope. Editor's note: there are a lot of duplicate negatives in this group.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ksdczu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2284 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Opuntia aurantiaca Gillies ex Lindl.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2284 records from 37 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013416-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036316
title: Convention at Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 183 photographs of men's clothing being modeled: surrounding the swimming pool is an audience as if the walkways beside the pool were a fashion runway, Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 14. Occasionally individual women and boys accompany the male models when matching clothes are involved, and there are photographs of lunch service, crowds, and individual crowd members from individuals through groups. "Client: Mens Wear Association; Agency: Phil Lansdale; charge only for 178 neg[ative]s @ 2.75 & extra 8x10 glossy of ea[ch]; Amount: $300.00; priced originally at 2.75 ea[ch], incl[uding] an extra 8x10 print, on acc[coun]t poor photos, sp[e]c[ia]l price was charged" - on envelopes. "Apparel for Morale, Los Angeles Men's Fall Apparel Show, Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Tuesday, July 14th, 1942, Market Week, July 15 to 18, inclusive; Presented by Men's Wear Manufacturers of Los Angeles; The models (in order of their appearance): Lee Bennett, Billy Wilkerson, Jim Ball, Alan Baldwin, Fred Beckner, Allen Keith,Don McGill, Shep Houghton" - on program.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036872
title: Czech girl, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 11 photographs of a young girl in makeup and costume, holding a plate as if begging, against a stark background, Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 12. "Agency: Dan Miner Co[mpany], Mr. Doane; note: if used there will be 12.50 ch[ar]g[e] additional; operator's report - name: D[ick] W[hittington]; 1 original photograph - at studio 11x14; incl[uding] costume, background, etc., model; Amount: 25.00; Model (name): Eleanor Carter" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto922507
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto922515
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto922525
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto922527
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qcp8d3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ommatotriton nesterovi (Litvinchuk, Zuiderwijk, Borkin & Rosanov, 2005)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2011",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013418-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto922534
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005754
title: Faculty members, girl models, etc., Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 10 photographs with 2 prints show faculty of the Chouinard Art Institute and photographers' models working, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 9. "Client: Chouinard's, Mr. Caldwell; Operator's report - name: Jack; 10 original photographs; in city; amount: 30.00" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/8411177
title: COVID Vaccination in World (updated daily)
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto882519
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005755
title: Students modeling clothes, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 12 photographs with 12 prints of students modeling hats and clothing, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 12. "Client: Chouinard's, Mr. Caldwell; in city; Amount: 36.00" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036880
title: Convention at Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 183 photographs of men's clothing being modeled: surrounding the swimming pool is an audience as if the walkways beside the pool were a fashion runway, Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 14. Occasionally individual women and boys accompany the male models when matching clothes are involved, and there are photographs of lunch service, crowds, and individual crowd members from individuals through groups. "Client: Mens Wear Association; Agency: Phil Lansdale; charge only for 178 neg[ative]s @ 2.75 & extra 8x10 glossy of ea[ch]; Amount: $300.00; priced originally at 2.75 ea[ch], incl[uding] an extra 8x10 print, on acc[coun]t poor photos, sp[e]c[ia]l price was charged" - on envelopes. "Apparel for Morale, Los Angeles Men's Fall Apparel Show, Chapman Park Hotel, Los Angeles, Tuesday, July 14th, 1942, Market Week, July 15 to 18, inclusive; Presented by Men's Wear Manufacturers of Los Angeles; The models (in order of their appearance): Lee Bennett, Billy Wilkerson, Jim Ball, Alan Baldwin, Fred Beckner, Allen Keith,Don McGill, Shep Houghton" - on program.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005757
title: Buildings, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 10 photographs of buildings in Los Angeles, California, 1938 April 4. These are listed on the front of the negative envelope: "Subject: [negative] #1 State B[ui]ld[in]g by ni[gh]t; 2 [image no. 9] Subway Terminal B[ui[]d[in[g]; 3 [image no. 10] Foreman & Clark B[ui[]d[in[g]; 4 Texas B[ui[]d[in[g]; 5 [image no. 6] Grauman's Chinese; 6 Sec[urity] 1st Nat[iona]l Bank, Highland & Hollywood; 7 Ninth & B[roa]dway B[ui[]d[in[g];; 8 [image no. 3] Angelus Furniture M[a]n[u]f[acturin]g Company; 9 University Club; 10 [image no. 1] City Hall at ni[gh]t." "Client: Whittington" -- on envelope front. The negative envelope indicates that the Whittington studio fulfilled 4 print orders.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005809
title: "Shocky," Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 13 photographs of a small boy playing with props and a cocker spaniel dog in the Whittington studio backyard, Los Angeles, California, 1939 April 1. "Client: Live Food Products, Miss Samuelly" -- on envelope front. "Operator's report -- Name: Jack; 13 original photographs -- at studio; 8x10; Amount: 30.00" -- on envelope back. The negative envelope indicates that the Whittington studio fulfilled 4 print orders.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005812
title: Action shots of baseball players, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 6 photographs of the National Schools softball team playing, with the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum behind them, Los Angeles, California, 1938 April 2. "Client: National Schools, Mr. Schultz" -- on envelope front. "Operator's report -- Name: Dean; 6 original photographs -- size: 8x10; ext[eriors]; Amount: 13.00; #10896" -- on envelope back. "Meet Coach Foster at 3981 So[uth] Hoover (playground); Job: Group shot of Nat[iona]l Schools soft ball team. Maybe action shots; in city" -- on job card. The negative envelope indicates that the Whittington studio fulfilled 7 print orders.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005820
title: Bruce Lane, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 2 photographs of a male model with one fist in the air, wearing a zippered sweater, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 13. "Client: Dick Whittington; Classifications: H. Bruce Lane; Operator's report - name: 'Dick' [Whittington]; 2 original photographs - at studio; [sold to] Mottl & Siteman 10/[19]53; exposures with lights [checked]; negative retouching [checked]" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17009127
title: Bragg & also family pics, swimming, etc., Los Angeles, Calif., 1939

description: 54 photographs of men and women dancing, posing with and without vegetables and fruits, some appearing to have been taken for composites, including Paul Bragg and the boy "Shocky," probably in Los Angeles County, California, 1939 July 31. "Client: Live Food Products; operator's report - name: 'D[ick]' W[hittington]; Amount: 70-; Composite work: 21-" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17009129
title: Bedspreads, Los Angeles, Calif., 1939

description: 3 photographs of bedspreads, with and without one or 2 pillows, spread out as if on a bed, with other furniture, Los Angeles, California, 1939 August 2. "Client: The B[road]way, Mel Strann; operator's report - name: Herb; charged on #98-3-30; in city - Amount: 15.00; negative retouching, 1 neg[ative] only - Amount: 3.00" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jd9q7r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 523 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Opuntia elata Link & Otto)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 523 records from 38 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013419-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17006822
title: Dishes of food, etc., Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 26 photographs of main dishes, desserts, and drinks available at a drugstore counter, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 24. "Client: Sontag Drug Co[mpany], Mr. McClasky, 827 No[rth] La Brea; operator's report - name: Dean; 48 original photographs - size 11x14, 2 trips; in city: Amount: 133.00" - on envelope. "At Cloverdale & Wilshire; Job: 30 or 40 dishes of food; shoot on 5x7 because he wants 11x14" - on job card.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17005286
title: Girls holding menu - portraits, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 2 photographs of full pilsner glasses and a framed picture of a dog, Los Angeles, California, 1938 February 16. "Subject: Girls holding menu - portraits of first taste of Eastside." "Client: Eastside Ale; Agency: Lockwood-Shack[el]ford, Mr. Shack[el]ford; 8x10" -- on envelope front. "Operator's report -- Name: 'Dick' [Whittington] - Davey; 8 original photographs -- at studio; incl[uding] models, frame, glass of beer, etc.; Amount: 120.00" -- on envelope back. The negative envelope indicates that the Whittington studio fulfilled 4 print orders. Editor's note: these two were the only remaining negatives in the envelope; no women or menus included.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17006555
title: Dishes of food, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 22 photographs of main dishes, desserts, and drinks available at a drugstore counter, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 24. "Client: Sontag Drug" - on envelope.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc1sto889806
title: Dick Whittington Photography Collection, 1924-1987
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nhjf8d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Triturus anatolicus Wielstra & Arntzen, 2016",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2011",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013420-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17006741
title: Candid shots at Page Military Academy, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938

description: 10 photographs of young men at a military academy, Los Angeles, California, 1938 May 25. Client: Radio Transcription, Lindsay McHarrie, 1509 No[rth] Vine; operator's report - name: Jack; 10 original photographs; 7 ext[erior], 3 int[erior]; in city; Amount: 22.50" - on envelope. "Meet Lindsay McHarrie and Clyde Wood at 1201 So[uth] Cochran, cor[ner] San Vicente; Job: candid shots of boys' life in military academy; charge to Radio Transcription; has regular account [checked]; art work: 1@ 3.00, 3@ 2.50 [=] 7.50, 6 @ 2.00 [=] 12.00 - [total] 22.50" -- on job card.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11179878
title: SH3-like domain from Penicillium virgatum muramidase: X-ray diffraction images

description: This submission includes a zip archive of diffraction images recorded with the ADSC QUANTUM 315 CCD detector at the DIAMOND beamline I04 on 2017-06-27. The model of the crystal structure and associated information can be found in the Protein Data Bank entry 8B2G. This is a case of crystal twinning. The data are used in CCP4 Tutorials.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11179877
title: SH3-like domain from Penicillium virgatum muramidase: X-ray diffraction images

description: This submission includes a zip archive of diffraction images recorded with the ADSC QUANTUM 315 CCD detector at the DIAMOND beamline I04 on 2017-06-27. The model of the crystal structure and associated information can be found in the Protein Data Bank entry 8B2G. This is a case of crystal twinning. The data are used in CCP4 Tutorials.
DOI: 10.25549/whittington-ouc17036915
title: Miss Hillman, Mr. Petrie & Miss Victory, Los Angeles, Calif., 1942

description: 4 photographs of men and women speaking into a microphone labeled "Biltmore," Los Angeles, California, 1942 July 16. "Subject: Miss Hillman, Mr. Petrie & Miss Victory at Biltmore Fashion Show." "Client: L[os] A[ngeles] Shopping News, Miss Hillman; operator's report - name: Vannice; 3 original photographs; in city; Amount: 8.50" - on envelope.