cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1589
title: Type of reactor and appropriate conditions for induction and acumulation of astaxanthin from haematococcus pluvialis

description: Vegetative Haematococcus pluvialis NIESS144 was investigated for their astaxanthin production. The determination of suitable conditions for the induction of astaxanthin was achieved in 1.5L bubble column photobioreactor. Parameters of interest included nutrient concentration (diluted 5X, 10X, 15X spent medium concentration), initial cell concentrations (diluted 10X, 20X, 25X initial cell concentration), light intensity and mode of illumination (indoor/outdoor). Outdoor experiments were subject to illumination at the light intensity range of 70-150 klux whereas Indoor experiments were with light intensities of 0.65, 2.73, 4.83 and 6.5 klux. Under outdoor condition, the maximum astaxanthin of 2.24% dry weight was found at 10X spent medium dilution after 14 days. Diluting initial cell concentration at outdoor condition could only produce, after 14 days, 1.56% by weight astaxanthin at 10X dilution of the final harvested cell concentration. For indoor experiments, fluorescent lamps were used as a light source. The maximum astaxanthin from indoor conditions was 5.39% by weight (dry) after 8 days at 10X dilution of the final harvested cell concentration and 6.5 klux light intensity whereas the dilution of spent medium concentration (10X) could only reach the maximum of 3.81% after 6 days at 6.5 klux. Induction in the 2.7L airlift photobioreactor was carried out at 10X dilution of the final spent medium concentration, 10X dilution of the final harvested cell concentration and 6.5 klux light intensity. The aeration was supplied to the airlift at the same rate as that in the bubble column photobioreactor (20 cm3/s). Astaxanthin at 2.16% dry weight was obtained in this airlift system after 16 days of operation. Simple economical calculation suggested that the most feasible condition was at 25X dilution of the final harvested cell concentration with the light intensity of 2.73 klux.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1590
title: Ability of dissolved organic carbon from simulated leachate to extract Pb from mine tailing

description: Food waste such as fruits and vegetables (waste from market) are the vast majority waste in Thailand. These kinds of waste are rich in organic matter and have a high water content resulting in higher biodegradation. This leachate should be used further for any valuable purpose such as environmental remediation. It has been known from previous researcher that landfill leachate has an ability to extract heavy metal. It may be used as extraction agent to separate heavy metal especially lead from mine tailings. In this study, simulated leachate was generated from biodegradation reactor of fruit and vegetable wastes. Simulated leachate was collected and many parameters were measured to investigate the properties of leachate and also degradation phases. The results showed that the very low pH of the system was not appropriate for anaerobic bacteria The system had insufficient buffering capacity. Therefore, alkalinity addition and also leachate recirculation were necessary for this system to enhance the degradation rate. Simulated leachate was used for extraction of Pb from mine tailings. The comparison of extraction ability of leachate with different ages and properties were conducted. Simulated leachate from first few weeks which had pH lower than 4 could extract Pb as high as 60-70%. When the leachate increased same time as increasing of its pH to 5-8, its extraction ability decreased dramatically until no extraction ability at all. However, it showed some extraction ability again when it came to methane phase with pH more than 8.5 but the extraction ability was still lower than 10% until the end of experiment. Then simulated leachate was fractionated into three fraction; humic acids(HA), fulvic acids(FA) and hydrophilic fraction(HyI). Leachate contained very low content of humic acids (0.48% and 0.92%) and fulvic acids (15-29%). However from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-visible results, its functional groups were similar to humic acids from other sources.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1591
title: Functional and genetic analyses of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic lipase in Thai subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia

description: Hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP), characterized by high plasma HDL level, is primarily caused by mutation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase (LIPC) genes resulting in decreased activities of CETP and hepatic lipase (HL). The cause of Thai HALP is still unknown. The objective of this research is to determine functional and genetic analyses of CETP and hepatic lipase (HL) in Thai HALP subjects and to determine protein composition on HDL of HALP subjects compare with normal controls. Thirty-eight subjects with HDL-cholesterol levels ≥ 100 mg/dL, and thirty-eight age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from an outpatient clinic. Secondary causes of HALP were excluded in all cases. The mean total and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the HALP group compared with the control group (259 ± 8 vs 234 ± 6 mg/dL, P=0.05 and 119 ± 2 vs 64 ± 3, P&lt;0.01, respectively). The mean CETP and HL activities were significantly lower in the HALP group than in the control group (34 ± 4 vs. 44 ± 3 pmol/µL/hr, P = 0.04; and 150 ± 17 vs. 227 ± 16 nmol FFA/mL/min, P = 0.002, respectively). Seven and three subjects in the HALP group who had very low CETP and HL activities, respectively, were chosen for further analysis. A mutational analysis study revealed that a D442G missense mutation in exon 15 of the CETP gene was present in 10 subjects in the HALP group (26%), but it was not found in the control group. We also identified a novel 4 base-pair deletion mutation (734_737 del TCCC) in exon 9 of the CETP gene in one subject in the HALP group. Moreover, we discovered a novel missense mutation in the LIPC gene, G119S, in one subject in the HALP group, but not in the control group. The pathogenic role of G119S was supported by evolutionary conservation, its predicted damaging function, and in vitro expression studies. In this study; HDL was isolated by immunoaffinity column. HDL protein of HALP (n=7) and control group (n=7) were separated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified with mass spectrometry. MS analysis revealed the presence of 22 HDL-associated proteins including all known apolipoproteins and lipid transport proteins. However, there were no significant differences in the quantities of protein on HDL between case and control group, as examined by 2D analysis software. In Conclusions, In Thai subjects with HALP, both CETP and HL activities were significantly lower than those in the control subjects and several mutations in the CETP and LIPC genes were identified. Approximately one-third of Thai subjects with HALP were caused by either CETP or LIPC mutations.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1592
title: Biodiesohol production from jatropha oil using microemulsion technique

description: Jatropha oil has drawn an attention for being developed as an alternative fuel since it comes from non-edible plant. It is classified as a high viscous fuel and that its viscosity is necessary to be reduced before using in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. Transesterification process is the major widely used for alternating vegetable oils to methyl ester (so-called biodiesel), which obtaining glycerol as by-product and a large volume of waste water from the process. In this research, another approach for preparation of biofuel is introduced by using microemulsification process and the products known as “microemulsion biodiesohol or MB” . This process is environmentally friendly the fact that no waste and by-product are generated. The most important for producing this MB was the most suitable proportion of all components in the product. So, the first phase of this study was to prepare psuedo-ternary phase diagram. The three main components were jatropha oil, ethanol and surfactants. In this study, ethanol and surfactant(s) were mixed and considered as one component called co-surfactant/surfactant (C/S). The results from psuedo-ternary phase diagram and some properties testing indicated that the optimum compositions of microemulsion oil (MO) were 95% jatropha oil and 5% C/S solution which the C/S ratio was 0.5 in the single surfactant system. Eight formulations of MO prepared from both single and mixed surfactant were selected for evaluation for their properties, viscosity, free fatty acid and induction time. The formulation of single surfactant was selected for being MB production for further properties evaluation and performance testing. Due to its high viscosity of the MO, to test their performance with CI engine (Kubota RT 100), the MO was blended with conventional diesel in the proportion of 5/95, 10/90 and 20/80 (V/V%) and subsequently called as MB5, MB10, and MB20, respectively. In addition, biodiesel prepared from jatropha oil as well as neat diesel were also tested for their performance and emission for comparison. The properties of all fuels were evaluated according to ASTM 6751. The results show that most of parameters indicated the MBs properties were met the biodiesel standard. For engine performance and emission measurements, the results of the MBs fuel, especially MB20 and MB10 have high potential for application and were reasonably competative with biodiesl and neat diesel. In conclusion, the transfiguration of jatropha oil by microemulsion process can be a promising technique for producing an alternative fuel.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1593
title: A semantic analysis framework of two consecutive Thai serial verbs

description: Analysis of Thai serial verbs is a difficult problem because there are many types of serial verb constructions (SVCs) and they can occur in various syntactic patterns, e.g. verb-object, verb-adverb, verb-preposition. To understand the meaning of a sentence containing SVCs, the syntax and semantic of SVCs must be resolved first. Therefore, the research proposes the semantic analysis framework concerning two consecutive Thai serial verbs. This framework analyzes the syntactic patterns and related words of SVCs to find useful information for semantic analysis. The main processes of this framework are separated into two parts. The first part is syntactic analysis using Thai phrase structure grammars, and the second part is semantic analysis using the relation analysis theorems. The result shows that this technique can analyze the semantic binding patterns of SVCs by considering syntactic patterns and relations of related words. Furthermore, the semantic interpretations of SVCs can be determined by syntactic patterns, related words and the first verb of consecutive SVCs
DOI: 10.17632/hzf94h43c5.1
title: Matrices having the largest known determinant in machine-readable form

description: The data set contains matrices having maximal known determinant of various orders (up to 119). Data taken from the site http://www.indiana.edu/~maxdet/ In our dataset, matrices are presented in machine-readable form, convenient for use in programs. We used these data in the preparation of articles 1) Nevskii, M.V. & Ukhalov, A.Y. On Minimal Absorption Index for an n-Dimensional Simplex. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences. 2018. Volume 52, Issue 7, pp 680–687. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0146411618070209 In Russian: Nevskii M.V., Ukhalov A.Y. On Minimal Absorption Index for an n-Dimensional Simplex. Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems. 2018. Volume 25, No 1, pp. 140-150. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2018-1-140-150 2) Nevskii, M.V. & Ukhalov, A.Y. On Optimal Interpolation by Linear Functions on n-Dimensional Cube. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences. 2018. Volume 52, Issue 7, pp 828–842. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0146411618070283 In Russian: Nevskii M.V., Ukhalov A.Y. On Optimal Interpolation by Linear Functions on an n-Dimensional Cube. Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems. 2018. Volume 25, No 3, pp. 291-311. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2018-3-291-311 3) Nevskii, M. and Ukhalov, A. Properties of (0, 1)-matrices of order n having maximal determinant. Mathematical notes of NEFU. 2019. Volume 26, No 2, pp. 109-115. https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2019.102.31516 Definitions, basic facts and formulas can be found in the listed works. See also the bibliography in these articles. We also present some programs in the Wolfram Language that were used in the above researches. Each file is presented in three formats: Wolfram Mathematica Notebook, PDF, and Plain Text. Files: 1) Matrices_Plus_Minus_One_MaxDet - matrices of various order 2) Hadamard_24 - sixty Hadamard matrices of order 24 3) Calculating_Procedures - some functions for processing matrices 4) Tests - examples of using functions and calculations with data
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1489
title: Biological activities of polysaccharide extracted from rhizome of wild tumeric Curcuma aromatica salisb

description: The hot water-soluble crude polysaccharide was extracted from Curcuma aromatica via boiling extraction and precipitated with ethanol. Then, the crude polysaccharide extract was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column, and subsequently purified by gel filtration chromatography on Superdex G-200 column chromatography, giving three polysaccharide fractions called P11, P21 and P22. The major polysaccharide fraction P11 and P21 which both were characterized and measured cell proliferation. For P22 was only enough to study its cell proliferation because of its limited amount. Then they were studied for monosaccharide composition via acid hydrolysis method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The molecular weight and functional group were determined by gel permeable chromatography (GPC) and fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), respectively. P11 and P21 are only composed of the xylose. Their molecular weight average of P11 and P21 were 469,171 and 157,665 Da, respectively. Cell proliferation assay were performed using MTT technique and statistic analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. Crude polysaccharide, P11 and P22 at the concentration 100 μg/ml showed ability of cell proliferation. The results were shown as percentage of increasing compared to control which are 43.93 17.18, 30.09 13.66 and 40.98 10.92% for crude polysaccharide, P11 and P22 respectively. While P21 at the same concentration showed its ability to inhibit the cell growth. The result indicated that it can inhibit the cell up to 92.16 3.49%. The one-way ANOVA indicated that all experimental results were significant (p&lt;0.05).
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1490
title: Foreign direct investment and its impact on development path of Bhutan

description: Gross National Happiness, a valued concept originated in tiny Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan was first enunciated by His Majesty the Fourth King Jigme SIngye Wangchuck in the year 1972. This concept has now become a globalized concept. Bhutan today is deeply rooted in diligently introducing the strategic framework in balancing development between its spirituality and materialism in this rapidly growing economy. As GNH has travelled across the globe, so is Bhutan, now ready to integrate in the global community as well. This research tried to study the implications that Bhutan would face if to integrate with global economy by opening its economy to Foreign Direct Investment. In understanding the implications of FDI on development philosophy of Bhutan, questionnaires were used as the main research mechanism by distributing to over 450 respondents in three places in Bhutan, namely, Paro, Thimphu and Phuenstsholing respectively. The data obtained were then analyzed in SPSS window version 16.0. The results obtained were summarized in frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. Chi square test is conducted as part of statistical test. This study concludes that FDI would positively assist sustainable economic development and good governance, while it might not be of serious threat to culture and natural environment. Good governance is viewed as the most important pillar for GNH as expressed by majority of the respondents. Hence FDI in Bhutan is expected to bring in positive impact on GNH. FDI in Bhutan is still at nascent stage, hence its implication can not be determined now nor forecast in future. However this study provides a base for future endeavor when the FDI gain its momentum.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1491
title: Strategien und sprachliche realisierungsformen des bittens im Deutschen und im Thai:eine kontrastive pragmatische studie

description: Die Arbeit setzt sich zum Ziel, die verwendeten Bittstrategien und sprachlichen Realisierungsformen im Deutschen und im Thai zu beschreiben, wobei zwei Hauptfaktoren, die die Wahl der Sprachmittel und die Bittstrategien in den beiden Sprachen bestimmen, und zwar die Machtposition der Interaktanten und die Situationsmerkmale des Bittens untersucht werden. Als Methode der Datenerhebung wurde die Informantenbefragung angewendet. Die Probanden sind 160 Professoren und Studenten an der Chulalongkorn Universität und an der Universität Tübingen. Für die Befragung wurden 240 Fragebögen, die verschiedene Situationen des Bittens beinhalten, im Deutschen und im Thai entwickelt. Insgesamt wurden 2400 Ausdrücke des Bittens analysiert. Die Untersuchung hat ergeben, dass die direkte Bitte mit unterstützenden Zügen die beliebteste Bittstrategie sowohl bei den Deutschen als auch bei den Thailändern ist, und dass die Thailänder mehr unterstützende Züge bei einer Bitte benutzen. Die weiteren Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass die Situationsmerkmale einen großen Einfluss auf die Wahl der Bittstrategien und Sprachmittel im Deutschen haben. Bei den Thailändern wird die Wahl aber stärker von der Machtposition der Interaktanten beeinflusst.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1594
title: A study of secondary school's Chinese curriculum design of international schools in Thailand

description: วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มุ่งศึกษาว่า ระหว่างวิธีการจัดการเรียนการสอนแบบ Topic-Oriented กับวิธีการจัดการเรียนการสอนแบบ Single-Textbook ซึ่งโรงเรียนนานาชาติแต่ละโรงเรียนในปัจจุบัน ต่างเห็นว่าสอดคล้องกับวัตถุประสงค์ของการอบรมให้ความรู้แก่นักเรียนของตนนั้น วิธีการแบบใดจะเหมาะสมกับการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนภาษาจันระดับมัธยมศึกษาในโรงเรียนนานาชาติมากกว่ากัน ทั้งยังหวังว่าจากประสบการณ์ที่ผู้วิจัยเคยได้ร่วมการจัดการเรียนการสอนในอดีต รวมทั้งผลการวิจัยในครั้งนี้ จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนภาษาจีนระดับมัธยมศึกษาในโรงเรียนนานาชาติ ผู้วิจัยแบ่งกรณีศึกษาออกเป็นการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนแบบ Topic-Oriented และการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนแบบ Single-Textbook ดำเนินการศึกษาวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบ โดยมุ่งเน้นที่เนื้อหาการเรียนการสอน พัฒนาการทางด้านการเรียนการสอน แนวทางการเรียนการสอน การเลือกใช้แบบเรียน ความแตกต่างในเชิงปฏิบัติการของผู้สอน และความต่อเนื่องของหลักสูตร เป็นต้น ผลของการวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นว่าวิธีการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนแบบ Topic-Oriented ทำให้บรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ของหลักสูตรนานาชาติได้ง่ายกว่า อย่างไรก็ตาม เนื่องจากวิธีการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนแบบ Topic-Oriented นั้นไม่มีแบบเรียนที่ตายตัว ดังนั้นจึงทำให้เกิดปัญหาเรื่องการใช้เวลาเตรียมการเรียนการสอนที่ค่อนข้างนาน ปัญหาเนื้อหาการเรียนการสอนซ้ำกันในระดับชั้นที่ต่างกัน ในขณะที่วิธีการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนแบบ Single-Textbook นั้นกลับสามารถแก้ไขปัญหาเหล่านี้ได้ดีกว่า จากสิ่งที่กล่าวมาแล้วข้างต้น การเรียนการสอนภาษาจีนระดับมัธยมศึกษาของโรงเรียนนานาชาติ ร่วมฤดี จึงใช้วิธีการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนแบบ Topic-Oriented และเลือกใช้แบบเรียน Chinese Made Easy เล่มที่ 1 ถึง 5 มาเป็นชุดเอกสารประกอบการเรียนการสอนภาษาจีนเพียงชุดเดียว ผู้วิจัยได้อาศัยประสบการณ์ตรงของตนเองจากการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนภาษาจีนตั้งแต่ ปี พ.ศ. 2548-2551 ที่โรงเรียนนานาชาติร่วมฤดีในการทำวิจัย ผลของการวิจัยในครั้งนี้ สามารถเป็นแหล่งอ้างอิงในการจัดหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนภาษาจีนระดับมัธยม ศึกษาของโรงเรียนนานาชาติแห่งอื่นๆ ได้เช่นกัน
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1595
title: Algorithm development for dynamic optimization of heat exchanger network cleaning using continuous time formulation approach

description: Heat exchanger is important and employed in most stages of industrial processing. The main problem of heat exchanger is fouling on the heat transfer surfaces. The fouling causes the retardation of heat transfer efficiency with time. This is the reason for the loss in energy and the increment of operation cost. Therefore, the cleaning of fouled units is important in order to restore their hydrothermal performance. In this work, the simulations of heat exchanger in a case of single unit and also in network heat exchanger are performed based on linear and asymptotic fouling models. The effect of variation with time of fouling rate, overall heat transfer coefficient, temperatures of hot and cold streams, and heat transfer rate are studied. Besides this, we developed a new technique to formulate the optimization problem of optimal cleaning time schedule of heat exchanger cleaning using continuous time approach. In this approach, the number of cleaning operation is predicted priorly, and the time period between each cleaning operation is then determined. The objective function of this problem is the minimizing of overall operating cost. The results obtained from this technique are better than the results obtained using the discrete time approach.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1596
title: Antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium-containing chitosan particles

description: This research aims to develop environmentally friendly, organic antibacterial fillers from quaternary ammonium-containing chitosan particles that may be applicable for biomedical device, health, and textile industries. Quaternary ammonium-containing chitosan particles were prepared by two methods. The first method was to prepare chitosan particles by ionic crosslinking. Their surface was then modified by heterogeneous quaternization through N-reductive alkylation with aldehyde followed by alkylation with alkyl iodide or direct methylation with methyl iodide. The second method was to synthesize N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan by homogeneous quaternization using methyl iodide followed by particle formation. As analyzed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, PCS, and TEM, sub-micron, spherical, and positively charged quaternized chitosan particles were formed. Antibacterial activity tests were performed by turbidimetric method and viable cell counts. All quaternized chitosan particles exhibited superior antibacterial activity against, S. aureus, the gram-positive bacteria, to the native chitosan particles at neutral pH. This may be explained as a result of ionic binding between the positive charges on the particles and the negatively charged teichoic acid on the outer membrane of S. aureus. Only some quaternized chitosan particles, especially those having high charge density and bearing large alkyl substituents, were capable of suppressing the growth of E. coli, the gram negative bacteria, of which outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide. The inhibitory efficiency quantified by minimum inhibitory concentration was also found to be dose-dependent.