cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.2aulyn
title: The POKEMON Speckle Survey of Nearby M dwarfs. II. Observations of 1124 Targets

description: Stellar multiplicity is correlated with many stellar properties, yet multiplicity measurements have proven difficult for the M dwarfs – the most common type of star in our galaxy – due to their faintness and the fact that a reasonably-complete inventory of laterMdwarfs did not exist until recently. We have therefore carried out the Pervasive Overview of “Kompanions” of Every M dwarf in Our Neighborhood (POKEMON) survey, which made use of the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument on the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope, along with the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the 3.5-meter WIYN telescope. The POKEMON sample is volume-limited from M0V through M9V out to 15 pc, with additional brighter targets at larger distances. In total, 1124 targets were observed. New discoveries were presented in the first paper in the series. In this second paper in the series, we present all detected companions, gauge our astrometric and photometric precision, and compare our filtered and filterless speckle observations. We find that the majority (58.9%) of the companions we detect in our speckle images are not resolved in Gaia, demonstrating the need for high-resolution imaging in addition to long-term astrometric monitoring. Additionally, we find that the majority (73.2%) of simulated stellar companions would be detectable by our speckle observations. Specifically within 100 au, we find that 70.2% of simulated companions are recovered. Finally, we discuss future directions of the POKEMON survey.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.t2vfql
title: A Rapid CubeSat Demonstration of an AM Battery Case with Embedded Oscillating Heat Pipes

description: The CubeSat Technology Exploration Project (CubeSTEP) is developing a test platform for the rapid maturation of emerging spacecraft technologies. This paper presents the development of a CubeSat demonstration for an innovative additively manufactured battery thermal control system using Oscillating Heat Pipes (OHP). This Additively Manufactured (AM) battery case OHP is currently under development at NASA JPL. In an effort to mature this technology, two OHP battery case designs developed by Cal Poly Pomona in collaboration with JPL are presented. These AM OHP battery cases are designed to be integrated and tested onboard the CubeSTEP platform. The spacecraft structure and the OHPs are additively manufactured with metal powder-based fusion techniques using AlSi10Mg. The CubeSat bus and OHPs have been designed for printing to minimize clean-up, powder removal, and post-processing. Our work presents the preliminary design and development of the CubeSTEP platform and the AM OHP battery case. The system design utilizes structural topology optimization and highlights the application of additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping in SmallSat development.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.hp3g7y
title: Distributed Health Management for Resilient Multi-agent Collaborative Spacecraft Inspection

description: As the development of challenging missions like on-orbit construction and collaborative inspection that involve multi-agent systems increases, the requirements needed to improve post-failure safety to maintain the mission performance also increases, especially when operating under uncertain conditions. In particular, space missions that involve distributed spacecraft systems (DSS) in low Earth orbit for Earth observation and on-orbit servicing purposes are susceptible to threats, making DSS prone to failures that are detrimental to its overall system performance. This paper describes recent progress towards the development of a distributed health monitoring system that uses artificial intelligence mechanisms to detect for potential threats to a DSS. The approach is applied to the problem of providing resiliency to potential failures for a fleet of spacecraft that are performing an on-orbit inspection. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the performance and capabilities of this architecture when the spacecraft network is subjected to different threats such as bounded disturbances and actuator failures.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.2xhhef
title: Moisture in the Lower Free Troposphere and Observational Strategies for Obtaining Vertical Profiles In and Near Convection

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0avlko
title: CARDAMOM 3.0: A versatile data assimilation framework to infer carbon, water, and energy cycling using diverse Earth observations

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.eomfxc
title: A hyperspectral view of the nearshore Mississippi River Delta: characterizing suspended particles in coastal wetlands using imaging spectroscopy

description: The concentration of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in coastal waters is an important parameter for sediment availability on vulnerable coastlines over space and time. Hydrodynamic modeling provides a tool for extending measured sediment dynamics to changing conditions and can help predict which areas of a coastline will keep pace with erosion, sea level rise, and subsidence and which areas will lose ground. Imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral imaging) of the nearshore coastal ocean provides opportunities to measure TSS over entire drainage basins at high spatial and temporal resolution to calibrate and validate hydrodynamic modeling. Here, we used a large (222 points) dataset of in situ TSS and remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) measurements collected in settings from narrow channels to open-water bays in coastal Louisiana to develop an algorithm for retrieving TSS in estuarine to continental-shelf waters. This partial-least-squares-regression (PLSR) algorithm was applied to imagery from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument, collected during the 2021 NASA EVS-3 Delta-X campaign, to characterize variability in TSS. The performance of the TSS algorithm (R2 = 0.98, MAPE = 13%, MAE=4.5 mg L-1) during in situ and end-to-end validation was compared to reference algorithms to assess the advantages of high spectral resolution and visible-near infrared reflectance bands. Small- and large-scale features in the distribution of TSS mapped from airborne imager were analyzed as indicators of flow direction and hydrodynamic setting between seasons and between a marsh-influenced and a river-influenced coastal basin. Bio-optical modeling conducted to characterize the influence of bottom reflection on TSS retrieval in optically shallow waters found that bottom reflectance had minimal impact on retrieval accuracy in waters &gt; 0.65 m deep. The robust validation dataset of simultaneous matchups provided opportunities for end-to-end TSS retrieval validation and to create recommendations for incorporating TSS maps for hydrodynamic modeling.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.8ksj4k
title: Considerations for real-time embedded software on Mars,and also,How we found hope by creating it

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dfemub
title: Aerosol Atmospheric Rivers as Drivers of Extreme Poor Air Quality Events and Record PM2.5 Levels

description: This study investigates the impacts of aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs) on extreme Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels (i.e. PM2.5 &gt; 15μgm-3, daily guideline by the World Health Organization) and on aerosol optical depth (AOD) extremes (AOD &gt; local 98th percentile) over the US and the globe, respectively, between 1997-2020. Results show that over various regions over the US, extreme PM2.5 values are associated with AARs up to 70% of the time. Dust (sulfate) AARs are primarily responsible for extreme PM2.5 levels over the southwestern (northeastern and the east coastal) US. Organic and black carbon AARs are associated with extreme PM2.5 levels over the Midwest region of the US. Globally, AARs are associated with 40-80% of the extreme AOD levels over the Sahel region, Europe, the Middle East, the US, South America, East Asia, India, and South Africa. Such associations often lead to the highest or the second-highest PM2.5 and AOD levels recorded during the study period over those stations.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.n8mk7g
title: Geometric properties of water-ice clouds as observed from Jezero Crater in the first 600 sols with the NavCam Instrument onboard Mars2020 Rover, Perseverance

description: In the first 600 sols of the Mars2020 mission, LS 5.6o to 316.8o, 46 cloud movies and 145 cloud surveys were collected to observe clouds at Jezero Crater, the landing site of Perseverance Rover. Cloud movies were processed using the Mean Frame Subtraction (MFS) method revealing cloud structures, which were subsequently analysed using digital image processing. Two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) were used to compute cloud structure sizes ranging from 2.90 km to 15.25 km for clouds between 30 km to 50 km altitude, based on coincident Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) vertical profiles of atmospheric water-ice. Same-value thresholding was utilized to detect the cloud structures in MFS-processed and projected cloud movies. The resolution dependence needed to resolve these structures over various thresholds was examined to find multifractal scaling of Mars clouds for resolutions between 0.1 km and 1.6 km. We characterize the multi-scaling observed in the images and its implications for the design of cloud-tracking cameras from the surface as well as cloud-resolving models.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.vq7pmp
title: Large Area Fabrication of Nanometer scale Features on GaN Using Ebeam Lithography

description: This paper presents a time and cost-effective method for the large-area fabrication of photonic crystals with nanometerscale features on GaN material. The proposed technique utilizes e-beam lithography and triple hard mask layers to enable high aspect ratio etching of the nano-scale features. The triple hard mask layer, which is a photoresist, Platinum (Pt), and SiO2, is very strong against plasma etching, making it an effective barrier layer to protect the underlying material during the etching process. The fabricated photonic crystal exhibits a high aspect ratio and excellent uniformity over a large area. This technique can be used for the time-effective production of photonic crystals for various applications such as optical sensing, spectroscopy, and telecommunications. The method presented in this paper can also be extended to other materials systems beyond GaN. The proposed approach provides a promising route to achieve large-area fabrication of nanometer-scale structures with high aspect ratios using e-beam lithography.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.gcze4e
title: Building a model for regenerative kelp cultivation in coastal oceans

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.qpmzhg
title: Documenting JPL Memorabilia: Pin It to Win It

description: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has a longstanding tradition of creating and internally distributing memorabilia – namely pins, buttons, patches, stickers, medallions, ornaments, and artwork – to celebrate the various milestones and teams that support the missions of JPL and the greater NASA community. [Place image1.jpg here] Historically, there has been minimal documentation on the cultural significance of these items. Metadata with details on designers, years of creation, and production information have not been properly recorded and has revealed a gap within the JPL Archives’ collections.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23692758
title: Supplementary for "A future for digital public goods for monitoring SDG indicators"

description: Digital public goods (DPGs), if implemented with effective policies, can facilitate the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there are ongoing deliberations on how to define DPGs and assure that society can extract the maximum benefit from the growing number of digital resources. The International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS) sees DPGs as an important mechanism to facilitate information-driven policy and decision-making processes for the SDGs. This article presents the results of a CBAS survey of 51 respondents from around the world spanning multiple scientific fields, who shared their expert opinions on DPGs and their thoughts about challenges related to their practical implementation in supporting the SDGs. Based on the survey results, the paper presents core principles in a proposed strategy, including establishment of international standards, adherence to open science and open data principles, and scalability in monitoring SDG indicators. A community-driven strategy to develop DPGs is proposed to accelerate DPG production in service of the SDGs while adhering to the core principles identified in the survey.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23692758.v1
title: Supplementary for "A future for digital public goods for monitoring SDG indicators"

description: The concept of digital public goods (DPGs), if implemented with effective policies, has the potential to facilitate global development and contribute to the achievement of the internationally agreed United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there are ongoing deliberations on how best to define DPGs and how to assure that society can extract the maximum benefit from the growing number of digital resources. The International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS) sees DPGs as an important mechanism to facilitate information-driven policy and decision-making processes for the SDGs. This article presents the results of a survey of 51 respondents from around the world and spanning multiple scientific fields, who shared their expert opinions on DPGs and their thoughts about potential challenges related to their practical implementation in supporting the SDGs. Based on the survey results, the paper organizes and presents a list of core principles in the proposed strategy, which includes: the establishment of international standards, adherence to open science and open data principles, and scalability in monitoring SDG indicators. A community-driven approach to developing DPGs is also proposed as a strategic approach to accelerating the development of DPGs while adhering to the core principles identified in the survey.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ri8omq
title: The ALMA-QUARKS survey: – I. Survey description and data reduction

description: In the Turbulent Core model, massive prestellar cores are suggested as the precursors of massive stars. However, only a handful of these candidates have been discovered so far. We conducted highresolution ALMA observations at Band 3 (∼ 2′′, 6000 au) and Band 6 (∼ 0.3′′, 900 au) targeting the MM1 clump in the filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G34.43+0.24. Our observations reveal cores MM1-C and E1 as prestellar core candidates with masses of 71 and 20 M⊙ and radii of 2100–4400 au, and they show no obvious sign of active star-formation activities. In particular, MM1-C is a promising massive prestellar core candidate. Within MM1-C, we detected two extremely dense substructures, C1 and C2, as characterized by nH2 ∼ 108−9cm−3. Moreover, evidence of further fragmentation in C2 was also found. We have detected the primordial fragmentation in the earliest stage of massive star formation. We speculate that MM1-C would be the birthplace of a massive multiple system.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.7yrsvv
title: Performance and Early Results from the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Imaging Spectroscopy Mission

description: The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) acquires new observations of the Earth from a state-of-the-art, optically fast F/1.8 visible to short wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer with high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent spectroscopic uniformity. EMIT was launched to the International Space Station from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on July 14, 2022 local time. The EMIT instrument is the latest in a series of more than 30 imaging spectrometers and testbeds developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, beginning with the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer that first flew in 1982. EMIT’s science objectives use the spectral signatures of minerals observed across the Earth’s arid and semi-arid lands containing dust sources to update the soil composition of advanced Earth System Models (ESMs) to better understand and reduce uncertainties in mineral dust aerosol radiative forcing at the local, regional, and global scale, now and in the future. EMIT has begun to collect and deliver high-quality mineral composition determinations for the arid land regions of our planet. Over 1 billion high-quality mineral determinations are expected over the course of the one-year nominal science mission. Currently, detailed knowledge of the composition of the Earth’s mineral dust source regions is uncertain and traced to less than 5,000 surface sample mineralogical analyses. The development of the EMIT imaging spectrometer instrumentation was completed successfully, despite the severe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EMIT Science Data System is complete and running with the full set of algorithms required. These tested algorithms are open source and will be made available to the broader community. These include calibration to measured radiance, atmospheric correction to surface reflectance, mineral composition determination, aggregation to ESM resolution, and ESM runs to address the science objectives. In this paper, the instrument characteristics, ground calibration, in-orbit performance, and early science results are reported.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.3c9b1y
title: NASA Deep Space Network Preparations for the Artemis II Crewed Mission to the Moon

description: NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) is preparing to support the upcoming crewed missions that will return humans to the Moon, starting with the Artemis II mission slated to launch in the mid-2020’s. With completion of NASA’s Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) mission in 2014 and the more recent Artemis I mission launched in late 2022, which both involved testing of an uncrewed Orion spacecraft in a flight environment, the next step will be to send astronauts in Orion to fly by the Moon and return safely to Earth, in preparation for future lunar surface crewed missions. The Artemis II mission will provide this crucial link, bridging the gap between the uncrewed demonstration flights and the crewed lunar surface missions. DSN is slated to provide telecommunications coverage for Artemis II from the time the Orion spacecraft leaves the near-Earth vicinity through lunar transit, arrival, swing-by and departure, and return to the near-Earth vicinity. This paper describes work underway for DSN support of the Artemis II mission, with a focus on the pre-launch end-to-end space communications and RF compatibility test campaign. Differences between the Artemis II and Artemis I missions will be highlighted, including changes to the flight vehicle as well as the ground segment.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.i9yuzk
title: Oriented Bedrock Samples Drilled by the Perseverance Rover on Mars

description: A key objective of the Perseverance rover mission is to acquire samples of Martian rocks for future return to Earth. Eventual laboratory analyses of these samples will address key questions about the evolution of the Martian climate, interior, and habitability. Many such investigations would benefit greatly from samples of Martian bedrock that are oriented in absolute Martian geographic coordinates. However, the Mars 2020 mission was designed without a requirement for orienting the samples. Here we describe a methodology we developed for orienting rover drill cores in the Martian geographic frame and its application to Perseverance’s first 17 rock samples. To orient the cores, three angles were measured: the azimuth and hade of the core pointing vector (i.e., vector oriented along the core axis) and the core roll (i.e., the angle of rotation around the pointing vector). The core pointing vector was estimated from the attitude of the rover’s Coring Drill during drilling. The orient the core roll, we used oriented images of asymmetric markings on the bedrock surface acquired with the rover’s Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering (WATSON) camera. For most samples, these markings were in the form the natural features on the outcrop, while for several samples they were artificial ablation pits produced using the rover’s SuperCam laser. These cores are the first accurately-oriented (&lt;2.6° 3σ total uncertainty) bedrock samples from another planetary body.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.albsv2
title: S-MODE Datasets Cloud Access

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lwbbsv
title: Characterizing Wildfires Using Collocated Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder and Narrow-band Imager Observations

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0c9i0b
title: Staring at the Sun with the Keck Planet Finder: The Solar Calibrator

description: Extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) measurements contend with internal noise (instrumental systematics) and external noise (intrinsic stellar variability) on the road to 10 cm s−1 “exo-Earth” sensitivity. Both of these noise sources are well-probed using “Sun-as-a-star” RVs and cross-instrument comparisons. We built the Solar Calibrator (SoCal), an autonomous system that feeds stable, disc- integrated sunlight to the recently commissioned Keck Planet Finder (KPF) at W. M. Keck Observa- tory. With SoCal, KPF acquires signal-to-noise ∼ 1200, R = 98,000 optical (445–870 nm) solar spectra in a 5 sec exposure at unprecedented cadence for an EPRV facility using KPF’s fast readout mode (&lt; 16 sec between exposures). Comparing solar measurements across the growing global network of EPRV spectrographs with solar feeds will allow EPRV teams to disentangle internal and external noise sources. and benchmark spectrograph performance. To facilitate this, all SoCal data products are immediately available to the public on the Keck Observatory Archive. We compared SoCal RVs to contemporaneous RVs from NEID, the only other public EPRV solar dataset. On timescales of several hours, we find agreement at the 30–40 cm s−1 level, which is comparable to the combined noise floor of KPF and NEID. SoCal has been instrumental in assessing detector problems and wavelength cal- ibration towards optimizing KPF’s performance during commissioning. Long term SoCal operations will collect upwards of 1,000 solar spectra per six hour day using KPF’s fast readout mode, facilitating stellar activity studies on our nearest solar-type star.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.jze8qx
title: Chapter 4: A Geological and Chemical Context for the Origins of Life on Early Earth

description: Within the first billion years of Earth’s history, the planet transformed from a hot, barren, and inhospitable landscape to an environment conducive to the emergence and persistence of life. This chapter will review the state of knowledge concerning the early Earth’s (Hadean/Eoarchean) geochemical environment, including the origin and composition of the planet’s moon, crust, oceans, atmosphere, and organic content. I¬t will also discuss abiotic geochemical cycling of the CHONPS elements and how these species could have been converted to biologically relevant building blocks, polymers, and chemical networks. Proposed environments for abiogenesis events are also described and evaluated. An understanding of the geochemical processes under which life may have emerged can better inform our assessment of the habitability of other worlds, the potential complexity that abiotic chemistry can achieve (which has implications for putative biosignatures), and the possibility for biochemistries that are vastly different from those on Earth.