DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cv4h2
title: Data from: Male-benefit sexually antagonistic genotypes show elevated vulnerability to inbreeding

description: Background: There is theoretical and empirical evidence for strong sexual
 selection in males having positive effects on population viability by
 serving to purify the genome of its mutation load at a low demographic
 cost. However, there is also theoretical and empirical evidence for
 negative effects of sexual selection on female fitness, and therefore
 population viability, known as the gender load. This can take the form of
 sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation where alleles with a
 selective advantage in males pose a detriment to female fitness, and vice
 versa. Here, using seed beetles, we shed light on a previously unexplored
 manifestation of the gender load: the effect of SA genetic variation on
 tolerance to inbreeding. Results: We found that genotypes encoding high
 male, but low female fitness exhibited significantly greater rates of
 extinction upon enforced inbreeding relative to genotypes encoding high
 female but low male fitness. Also, genotypes encoding low fitness in both
 sexes exhibited greater rates of extinction relative to generally
 high-fitness genotypes (though marginally non-significant), an expected
 finding attributable to variation in mutation load across genotypes.
 Despite follow-up investigations aiming to identify the mechanism(s)
 underlying these findings, it remains unclear whether the gender load and
 the mutation load have independent consequences for tolerance to
 inbreeding, or whether these two types of genetic architecture interact
 epistatically to render male-benefit genetic variation relatively
 intolerant to inbreeding. Conclusions: Regardless of the underlying
 mechanism(s), our results show that male-benefit/female-detriment SA
 genetic variation poses a previously unseen detriment to population
 viability due to its elevated vulnerability to inbreeding/homozygosity.
 This suggests that sexual selection in the context of SA genetic variance
 for fitness may enhance the gender load on population viability more than
 previously appreciated, due to selecting for male-benefit SA genetic
 variation that engenders lineages to extinction upon inbreeding. We note
 that our results imply that SA alleles that are sexually selected for in
 males may be underrepresented or even lacking in panels of inbred lines.
description: Grieshop et al.
 2017_inbreedingMain data for inbreeding
 experiment, with mode of extinction data. Forecasting/calculating the
 probability of extinction after 10 generations based on first-generation
 extinction frequencies across isofemale lines can be done from these data
 (see Methods). Simulating the probability of extinction based on variation
 in female fecundity across isofemale lines (see Methods) will require raw
 female fecundity data for the "Lome" population at 29c from
 Berger et al. (2014). Please contact me if you need help acquiring these
 data, or following our methods.Grieshop et al.
 2017_follow-upData for follow-up
 experiment, including estimates of male fertility (sex=m) and female
 fecundity (sex=f) across male-benefit (benefit.category=m) and
 female-benefit (benefit.category=f) categories (see
 Methods).