cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2x921k3w
title: Extended Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP-x), 1982-Present

description: The ongoing NOAA Climate Data Record of the extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x) cryosphere is a near real time monitoring of Arctic and Antarctic surface and atmospheric characteristics. They contain 19 geophysical variables over the Arctic and Antarctic for the period 1982 - present. All of them have undergone various degrees of validation, though not all are considered Climate Data Record (CDR) quality. The variables are (those considered by the developers to be CDR-quality are identified with an asterisk): Surface temperature, all-sky, snow, ice, and land* Surface albedo, all-sky* Sea ice thickness* Surface type Cloud mask* Cloud particle thermodynamic phase Cloud optical depth Cloud particle effective radius Cloud temperature Cloud pressure Cloud type Downwelling shortwave radiation at the surface* Downwelling longwave radiation at the surface* Upwelling shortwave radiation at the surface* Upwelling longwave radiation at the surface* Upwelling shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)* Upwelling longwave radiation at the TOA* Shortwave cloud radiative forcing at the surface.
DOI: 10.18739/a2sj19r94
title: Ocean forcing of the Greenland ice sheet from 1850 to 2100

description: The Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP6) is an international effort aimed at estimating future sea level contribution from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. To achieve this aim, ice sheet model simulations were run from the present day to 2100 with ocean and atmospheric boundary conditions derived from global climate models. This submission includes the code, key variables and boundary conditions relating to the ocean boundary conditions for Greenland ice sheet models. For 7 different climate models and scenarios over the period 1950-2100 we present (i) estimated thermal forcing for 7 ice-ocean sectors surrounding the ice sheet, (ii) estimated subglacial runoff from 194 tidewater glaciers around the ice sheet, (iii) estimated submarine melt rate for the same set of tidewater glaciers, and (iv) projected tidewater glacier retreat, averaged over the 7 ice-ocean sectors. These datasets quantify key variables that will be of great use to research into the future response of the Greenland ice sheet-ocean system.
DOI: 10.18739/a2ns0kz50
title: Autonomous Ice Mass Balance Buoy Observations, Buoy 2003E, Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean, 2003

description: These datasets contain information gathered from buoy 2003E. Data and metadata are stored as 5 CSV files: Position data, Meteorological data, Mass balance data, Temperature data, and Metadata.
DOI: 10.18739/a2j09w52h
title: Collaborative Research: Impact of Storm Activity on Recent Changes in Arctic Sea Ice Mass Balance

description: This project is to investigate impacts of changes in storm track dynamics on the recent rapid reduction in Arctic sea ice extent and volume. The increase of storm intensity and frequency result in enhanced high-frequency synoptic-scale variations and feedbacks in the Arctic climate system, and may make an integrative contribution to the basin-wide sea ice reduction. The project studies build upon previous work, and combine model simulations with satellite products and in situ observations to integrate and delineate physical causes of sea-ice mass balance changes in the context of storm-induced air-ice-sea interactions. This research will bridge synoptic-scale weather activities and large-scale climate variability and changes. The expected outcome includes assembled schematics linking storm-induced synoptic-scale variation with recently observed rapid loss of Arctic sea ice mass. Changes in sea ice concentration/extent, thickness/volume, and heat budget terms at the air-ice-sea interface that follow the motion of identified storms will be compiled.
DOI: 10.18739/a2db7vq93
title: Chemical and isotopic compositions of surface and pore waters from western Greenland, 2013

description: These data consist of chemical and isotopic compositions of water collected from five locations in western Greenland. The locations extend in a 170-km transect from the coast near the town of Sisimiut to the ice sheet near the town of Kangerlussuaq. The sites contain a total of seven distinct watersheds. Six watersheds are disconnected from the ice sheet by hydrologic divides and the seventh watershed drains primarily ice sheet melt water. All samples were collected during the summer melt season 2013.
DOI: 10.18739/a28k74x5b
title: Weathering of western Greenland: Influences on oceanic fluxes of radiogenic isotopes

description: This proposal addresses the hypothesis that as the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) retreats, increased exposure and weathering will alter fluxes of radiogenic isotopes to the oceans. Radiogenic strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) isotopes, and non­radiogenic neodymium (Nd) are preferentially leached during initial weathering of fresh bedrock and sediments in glacial terrains. With increased duration and intensity of weathering, isotopic compositions of runoff approach parent rock values. Therefore, magnitudes of offsets between Sr, Nd and Pb isotope values of water and bedrock provide information about the extent of weathering. Specific hypotheses to be tested are (1) more radiogenic Sr and Pb and less radiogenic Nd discharge in water originating from the GrIS than from deglaciated watersheds without connections to the ice sheet, (2) values of isotope ratios depend on the exposure age of the deglaciated watersheds and the intensity of weathering in each environment, and (3) the total flux of radiogenic isotopes from continental glaciers depends on the relative aerial extents of glaciated and deglaciated watersheds. These hypotheses will be tested in western Greenland near Kangerlussuaq, where retreat of the GrIS since the Last Glacial Maximum has exposed an approximately 175 km wide strip of land. Water, sediment, and moraine material will be sampled from subglacial streams discharging from the outlet portals of the Russell and Leverett Glaciers, in the proglacial watershed of the Watson River, and in four deglaciated watersheds, not connected to the GrIS that drain moraines ranging in age from about 600 to 18,000 years. Water samples will be measured for major and trace element concentrations to model potential mineral dissolution and contributions to isotope fluxes, and for Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios to assess their fluxes from subglacial, proglacial, and deglaciated watersheds. This work will link terrestrial weathering products in a continental glacier setting to oceanic fluxes of radiogenic isotopes, thereby improving the ability to interpret marine records. The work is important because of its location near the formation regions of North Atlantic Deep Water and it should contribute to planning for a proposed ocean drilling expedition off Greenland. The work will impact human resources through incorporation of 4 students from undergraduate to Ph.D. level, all of whom will participate in field work and will work collaboratively to complete laboratory and data analyses. Results of the work will be used in several graduate and undergraduate courses and will be presented at national and international scientific meetings and through publications. Outreach will include lectures at local schools, as invited speakers at colleges and universities, and in the annual open house at the Florida Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.18739/a24t6f423
title: Major oxide, trace element, and strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic compositions of rocks and sediments from western Greenland, 2013

description: These data consist of major oxide, trace element and strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd), and lead (Pb) isotopic compositions of bedload sediments, suspended sediments, moraine sediments, and rocks collected from five locations in western Greenland. The locations extend in a 170-km transect from the coast near the town of Sisimiut to the ice sheet near the town of Kangerlussuaq. The sites contain a total of seven distinct watersheds. Six watersheds are disconnected from the ice sheet by hydrologic divides and the seventh watershed drains primarily ice sheet meltwater. All samples were collected during the summer melt season 2013.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.36uubn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 739 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 739 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0027802-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18739/a2125q98n
title: Black Rapids glacier ice GPS data, Eastern Alaska Range, 2012-2014

description: A glacier surge is characterized by a sudden increase in speed by one to two orders of magnitude and often leads to a significant movement of the terminus of the glacier. While the role of subglacial hydraulics during the surge has been well documented, the issue of surge initiation has remained unsolved. Also, the related question of why some glaciers surge and others do not remains open. This data set supported work to investigate whether the special geometry of many Alaska Range glaciers allows particularly large shear stresses to develop that eventually allow a surge to occur. The work focused on the Black Rapids Glacier on the Denali Fault in the eastern Alaska Range. This data set contains GPS measurements that were used to derive ice velocities. The velocities are used to document glacier speed-up events that occur annually as marginal lakes drain to the glacier bed and lubricate it. Such events act like mini-surges. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of tributary glaciers to a speed-up of the main branch.
DOI: 10.18739/a2w950p3n
title: Black Rapids glacier GPS data, Eastern Alaska Range, 2012-2014

description: A glacier surge is characterized by a sudden increase in speed by one to two orders of magnitude and often leads to a significant movement of the terminus of the glacier. While the role of subglacial hydraulics during the surge has been well documented, the issue of surge initiation has remained unsolved. Also, the related question of why some glaciers surge and others do not remains open. This data set supported work to investigate whether the special geometry of many Alaska Range glaciers allows particularly large shear stresses to develop that eventually allow a surge to occur. The work focused on the Black Rapids Glacier on the Denali Fault in the eastern Alaska Range. This data set contains GPS measurements that were used to derive ice velocities. The velocities are used to document glacier speed-up events that occur annually as marginal lakes drain to the glacier bed and lubricate it. Such events act like mini-surges. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of tributary glaciers to a speed-up of the main branch.
DOI: 10.18739/a2rj48v9w
title: Autonomous Ice Mass Balance Buoy Observations in the Arctic from 2000 to 2016

description: Autonomous ice mass balance buoys (IMBs) and their successors, the seasonal ice mass balance buoys (SIMBs), have routinely been deployed in the Arctic sea ice pack since 2000. These buoys were designed to make in situ observations of changes in the local sea ice mass balance and to determine the driving forces behind thermodynamic ice mass balance variations. They measure snow accumulation and ablation; ice thickness; ice growth; ice surface and bottom melt; the temperature profile from the air, through the snow and ice, and into the upper ocean; barometric pressure; and ice drift. Some SIMBs also record other parameters such as incident and transmitted light and changes in relative freeboard height. Results from these buoys have and will continue to enhance our understanding of the dramatic changes occurring in the Arctic sea ice cover. The dataset serves as a baseline documentation of Arctic mass balance, is valuable for validating large scale global climate models (GCMs) and small scale ice process models, and provides ground-truth data to support the development of instruments and algorithms to remotely sense snow depth, ice thickness, and the onset of melt and freeze-up. Additional information about the archive files can be found in IMB_Metadata.pdf and near real-time data is available on the website: http://imb-crrel-dartmouth.org/imb.crrel/index.htm.
DOI: 10.18739/a27m04152
title: Weathering of western Greenland: Influences on oceanic fluxes of radiogenic isotopes

description: This proposal addresses the hypothesis that as the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) retreats, increased exposure and weathering will alter fluxes of radiogenic isotopes to the oceans. Radiogenic strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) isotopes, and non­radiogenic neodymium (Nd) are preferentially leached during initial weathering of fresh bedrock and sediments in glacial terrains. With increased duration and intensity of weathering, isotopic compositions of runoff approach parent rock values. Therefore, magnitudes of offsets between Sr, Nd and Pb isotope values of water and bedrock provide information about the extent of weathering. Specific hypotheses to be tested are (1) more radiogenic Sr and Pb and less radiogenic Nd discharge in water originating from the GrIS than from deglaciated watersheds without connections to the ice sheet, (2) values of isotope ratios depend on the exposure age of the deglaciated watersheds and the intensity of weathering in each environment, and (3) the total flux of radiogenic isotopes from continental glaciers depends on the relative aerial extents of glaciated and deglaciated watersheds. These hypotheses will be tested in western Greenland near Kangerlussuaq, where retreat of the GrIS since the Last Glacial Maximum has exposed an approximately 175 km wide strip of land. Water, sediment, and moraine material will be sampled from subglacial streams discharging from the outlet portals of the Russell and Leverett Glaciers, in the proglacial watershed of the Watson River, and in four deglaciated watersheds, not connected to the GrIS that drain moraines ranging in age from about 600 to 18,000 years. Water samples will be measured for major and trace element concentrations to model potential mineral dissolution and contributions to isotope fluxes, and for Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios to assess their fluxes from subglacial, proglacial, and deglaciated watersheds. This work will link terrestrial weathering products in a continental glacier setting to oceanic fluxes of radiogenic isotopes, thereby improving the ability to interpret marine records. The work is important because of its location near the formation regions of North Atlantic Deep Water and it should contribute to planning for a proposed ocean drilling expedition off Greenland. The work will impact human resources through incorporation of 4 students from undergraduate to Ph.D. level, all of whom will participate in field work and will work collaboratively to complete laboratory and data analyses. Results of the work will be used in several graduate and undergraduate courses and will be presented at national and international scientific meetings and through publications. Outreach will include lectures at local schools, as invited speakers at colleges and universities, and in the annual open house at the Florida Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.18739/a2v97zs31
title: Soil properties and plant functional group biomass, Emerald Lake, Kluane Lake Region, Yukon Territory, Canada, 2015

description: The effects of changes in composition in determining ecosystem properties may be determined by the identity of the plants, their respective biomass in the community, and also by the ability of the remaining vegetation to compensate for their loss. We used the graminoid removal treatment from a long-term (12 year) removal experiment to examine the role of graminoids in determining ecosystem properties and also the potential for biomass compensation by remaining species in a grassland in northern Canada. We conducted removals in both fertilized and non-fertilized environments to examine the context-dependency of graminoid effects. In the summer of 2015 (after 12 years of treatments) we sampled above-ground biomass of each functional group (as determined by allometry), soil physical properties (moisture, pH), soil nutrient content (Extractable organic carbon and total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate and phosphate) and microbial properties (microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, extracellular enzyme activity).
DOI: 10.18739/a2qj77z9n
title: Arctic Observing Network (AON) Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data collcted by United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Healy (HLY1303), Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea, 2013

description: The Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean is experiencing major reductions in seasonal sea ice extent and increases in sea surface temperatures. One of the key uncertainties in this region is how the marine ecosystem will respond to seasonal shifts in the timing of spring sea ice retreat and/or delays in fall sea ice formation. Variations in upper ocean water hydrography, planktonic production, pelagic-benthic coupling and sediment carbon cycling are all influenced by sea ice and temperature change. To more systematically track the broad biological response to sea ice retreat and associated environmental change, an international consortium of scientists have developed a coordinated Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) that includes selected biological measurements at multiple trophic levels, along with satellite and mooring measurements. The DBO currently focuses on five regional biological hotspot locations along a latitudinal gradient that allows for consistent sampling and monitoring at five biologically productive locations across a latitudinal gradient: DBO 1 (SLIP)-south of St. Lawrence Island (SLI), DBO2 (Chirikov)-north of SLI, DBO3 (southern Chukchi Sea), DBO4-NE Chukchi Sea, and DBO5-Barrow Canyon.
 This data has been collected and submitted as part of the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) program. Data were originally collected as part of the AON project, headed by Robert Pickart (rpickart@whoi.edu). Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data were taken aboard the USCGC Healy during HLY1303. During this cruise, data were taken along the established repeat hydrography transects, DBO5 and DBO6. This submission includes CTD data from the DBO5 transect. There are ten cnv data files containing the following parameters: pressure, depth, temperature, conductivity, oxygen, fluorescence, practical salinity, density, and potential temperature.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t92gw5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 118217 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is one of (Russian Federation, Germany, France, Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758",
 "Year 1993-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 118217 records from 410 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0027800-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18739/a2kw57j9q
title: Arctic Observing Network (AON) Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data collected by United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Healy (HLY1303), Beaufort Sea - 152 West, 2013

description: The Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean is experiencing major reductions in seasonal sea ice extent and increases in sea surface temperatures. One of the key uncertainties in this region is how the marine ecosystem will respond to seasonal shifts in the timing of spring sea ice retreat and/or delays in fall sea ice formation. Variations in upper ocean water hydrography, planktonic production, pelagic-benthic coupling and sediment carbon cycling are all influenced by sea ice and temperature change. To more systematically track the broad biological response to sea ice retreat and associated environmental change, an international consortium of scientists have developed a coordinated Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) that includes selected biological measurements at multiple trophic levels, along with satellite and mooring measurements. The DBO currently focuses on five regional biological hotspot locations along a latitudinal gradient that allows for consistent sampling and monitoring at five biologically productive locations across a latitudinal gradient: DBO 1 (SLIP)-south of St. Lawrence Island (SLI), DBO2 (Chirikov)-north of SLI, DBO3 (southern Chukchi Sea), DBO4-NE Chukchi Sea, and DBO5-Barrow Canyon.
 This data has been collected and submitted as part of the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) program. Data were originally collected as part of the AON project, headed by Robert Pickart (rpickart@whoi.edu). Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data were taken aboard the USCGC Healy during HLY1303. During this cruise, data were taken along the established repeat hydrography transects, DBO5 and DBO6. This submission includes CTD data from the DBO6 transect. There are ten cnv data files containing the following parameters: pressure, depth, temperature, conductivity, oxygen, fluorescence, practical salinity, density, and potential temperature.
DOI: 10.18739/a2g44hr5w
title: Firth River Tree Ring Data [Anchukaitis, K.]

description: Northwestern North America has one of the highest rates of recent temperature increase in the world, but the putative "divergence problem" in dendroclimatology potentially limits the ability of tree-ring proxy data at high latitudes to provide long-term context for current anthropogenic change. Here, summer temperatures are reconstructed from a Picea glauca maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology that shows a stable relationship to regional temperatures and spans most of the last millennium at the Firth River in northeastern Alaska. The warmest epoch in the last nine centuries is estimated to have occurred during the late twentieth century, with average temperatures over the last 30 yr of the reconstruction developed for this study [1973-2002 in the Common Era (CE)] approximately 1.3*deg* *plusmn* 0.4*deg*C warmer than the long-term preindustrial mean (1100-1850 CE), a change associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases. Prior to the late twentieth century, multidecadal temperature fluctuations covary broadly with changes in natural radiative forcing. The findings presented here emphasize that tree-ring proxies can provide reliable indicators of temperature variability even in a rapidly warming climate.