DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15308721
title: Flexible Piezoresistive Polystyrene Composite Sensors Filled with Hollow 3D Graphitic Shells

description: Data related to the final paper entitled "Flexible Piezoresistive Polystyrene Composite Sensors Filled with Hollow 3D Graphitic Shells". 

Precisely there are 12 final complex Figures and 2 Tables, below:

Figure 1 Characteristic of structure and particle size distribution of initial MgO particles by TEM (a–c) and DLS analysis for 0.1 wt.% methanol suspension of MgO NPs (d)

Figure 2 Structure of synthesized MgO-C particles: SEM image (a) and TEM images (c,d) and elemental composition by EDS method (b)

Figure 3 SEM (a) and TEM (c,d) images of 3D graphene shells obtained after MgO dissolution and EDS spectrum (b) of synthesized graphitic shells GS

Figure 4 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the initial MgO nanoparticles, MgO nanoparticles covered by graphene layers, and GS after removal of MgO

Figure 5 Raman spectra of MgO NPs, on the MgO template and graphitic shells (a) and fragment of the Raman spectrum in the range 2000–3500 cm−1 (b)

Figure 6 SEM images of brittle fracture surface of PS film (a) and GS/PS composites: (b) 0.25 wt.% of GS and (c) 2 wt.% of GS (c); and CNT/PS composites: (d) 0.25 wt.% of CNTs and (e) 2 wt.% of CNTs

Figure 7 Temperature dependences of viscoelastic properties vs temperature for GS/PS composites (a–c), and for CNT/PS composites (d–f)

Figure 8 Dependence of the Young modulus (a), elongation at break (b) and tensile strength (c) of PS-based composite films on the content of graphene shells and carbon nanotubes

Figure 9 Conductivity as a function of the graphene material content in PS composites

Figure 10 Change of conductivity as a function of time during bending tests for increased deflection (a,b) and during tensile tests for increased strain (c,d) for GS/PS (a,c), CNT/PS (b,d). Numbers on (a,b) correspond to applied deflection (mm), while on (c,d) to applied strain (%)

Figure 11 Model of change in the conductive path in GS/PS composite in the initial state (a) and under bending (b). Light blue color represents the polymer matrix, dark blue—electrodes, black circles with white interior represent graphitic hollow shells, while red color represents a schematic path of current flow through the material. Red dotted line (b) marks disruption of conductive path

Figure 12 Model of change in the conductive path in CNT/PS composite in the initial state (a) and under bending (b). Light blue color represents polymer matrix, dark blue—electrodes, black lines represent multi-walled carbon nanotubes, while red color represents a schematic path of current flow through the material. Red dotted line (b) marks disruption of the conductive path

Table 1 DSC results and dynamic mechanical parameters for PS and its composites with GS CNTs

Table 2 Mechanical parameters for non-filled PS and its composites with GS and CNTs

Funding:

National Science Center program for scientists from Ukraine to continue research in Poland (project No. UMO-2022/01/3/ST5/00015).

National Science Centre, Poland (project No. 2021/41/N/ST5/03636). 

National Science Centre, Poland 2021/41/N/ST5/03636.

National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071225),

Czech Republic from ERDF “Institute of Environmental Technology—Excellent Research” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000853) 

Sino-German Research Institute for their support (Project GZ 1400).

European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No. 101087143 (Electron Beam Emergent Additive Manufacturing—(EBEAM))

REFRESH—Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and Hightech Industries Project number—CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048.