DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tbc4
title: Estimation of non-health Gross Domestic Product (NHGDP) loss due to COVID-19 deaths in West Bengal, India

description: This study estimates the economic losses (GDP), particularly the impact of
 COVID-19 deaths on non-health components of GDP in West Bengal
 state. The NHGDP losses were evaluated using cost-of-illness
 approach. Future NHGDP losses were discounted at 3%. Excess death
 estimates by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Global Burden of
 Disease (GBD) were used. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying
 discount rates and Average Age of Death (AAD). 21,532 deaths in West
 Bengal since 17th March 2020 till 31st December 2022 decreased the future
 NHGDP by $0.92 billion. Nearly 90% of loss was due to deaths occurring in
 above 30 years age-group. The majority of the loss was borne among the
 46–60 years age-group. The NHGDP loss/death was $42,646, however, the
 average loss/death declined with a rise in age. The loss increased to
 $9.38 billion and $9.42 billion respectively based on GBD and WHO excess
 death estimates. The loss increased to $1.3 billion by considering the
 lower age of the interval as AAD. At 5% and 10% discount rates, the losses
 reduced to $0.769 billion and $0.549 billion respectively. Results from
 the study suggest that COVID-19 contributed to major economic loss in West
 Bengal. The mortality and morbidity caused by COVID-19, the substantial
 economic costs at individual and population levels in West Bengal, and
 probably across India and other countries, is another argument for better
 infection control strategies across the globe to end the impact of this
 epidemic.
description: Various open domains were used to gather data on COVID-19 deaths
 in West Bengal and the aforementioned estimates. Economic losses in terms
 of Non-Health Gross Domestic Product (NHGDP)among six age-group brackets
 viz. 0–15, 16–30, 31–45, 46–60, 61–75 and 75 and above were estimated to
 facilitate comparisons and to initiate advocacy for an increase in health
 investments against COVID-19.  This study used midpoint age as the age of
 death for all the age brackets. The legal minimum age for working i.e., 15
 years. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the effect of age
 on the overall total NHGDP loss estimate. The model was re-estimated
 assuming an average age at death to be the starting age of each age-group
 bracket. Based on existing literature discounted rate of interest to
 measure the value of life is taken as 2.9%. As a sensitivity analysis,
 NHGDP loss has also been computed using 5% and 10% of discounted rates of
 interest. 
description: Microsoft Excel Software would be required to open the data
 set.
description: # Non-Health Gross Domestic Product (NHGDP) Loss due to COVID-19 Deaths in
 West Bengal, India ## Description of the data and file structure This
 study estimates future NHGDP losses associated with COVID-19 deaths in
 West Bengal, India. Economic losses in terms of Non-Health Gross Domestic
 Product (NHGDP) among six age-group brackets viz. 0-15, 16-30, 31-45,
 46-60, 61-75 and 75 and above were estimated to facilitate comparisons and
 to initiate advocacy for an increase in health investments against
 COVID-19. NHGDPLossi= Di*DYLLi*NHGDPPC \| i=1\,2\,\,n\, where i
 represents n age\-gender cohorts; Di = deaths at the given age and
 gender; DYLLi= Discounted Years of Life Lost; NHGDPPCi= Non\-Health GDP
 Per Capita at the given age and gender The NHGDP data for the state is
 obtained by subtracting Per capita Health Expenditure from Per Capita
 GDP\. NHGDPPC= GDPPC\-PCHE GDPPC= GDP Per Capita PCHE= Per Capita Health
 Expenditure Total NHGDP Loss= Summation of NHGDPLoss across all age-gender
 cohorts YLLi=LE-AAD Where, YLLi=Undiscounted Years of Life Lost LE= Life
 Expectancy AAD= Average Age at Death Discounted years of Life loss, DYLLi=
 ((1 e^(-r\*YLLi)))/r r= Discount rate for the value of life ## Data
 Source The population data: India Census. West Bengal Population COVID-19
 deaths data (from 17th March 2020 till 31st December 2022): Government of
 West Bengal D of H& FW. WEST BENGAL COVID-19 HEALTH BULLETIN Life
 Expectancy data: Office of the Registrar General & Census
 Commissioner, India Per capita GDP (PCGDP) data: Reserve Bank of India.
 HANDBOOK OF STATISTICS ON THE INDIAN ECONOMY 2020-21 Per capita health
 expenditure (PCHE) data: Institute of Policy Research Studies. West Bengal
 Budget Analysis 2021-22 The study used midpoint age as the age of death
 for all the age brackets. Considering the legal minimum age for working
 i.e., 15 years. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the
 effect of age on the overall total NHGDP loss estimate. The model was
 re-estimated assuming an average age at death to be the starting age of
 each age-group bracket. Based on existing literature discounted rate of
 interest to measure the value of life is taken as 2.9%. As a sensitivity
 analysis, NHGDP loss has also been computed using 5% and 10% of discounted
 rates of interest. Another sensitivity analysis was conducted by
 considering the excess death estimates given by GBD and WHO.