cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.344032g
title: Data from: Pathogen susceptibility and fitness costs explain variation in immune priming across natural populations of flour beetles

description: 1. In many insects, individuals primed with low doses of pathogens early
 in life have higher survival after exposure to the same pathogen later in
 life. Yet, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological history of
 priming of immune response in natural insect populations is limited.
 Previous work demonstrated population-, sex- and stage- specific variation
 in the survival benefit of priming response in flour beetles (Tribolium
 castaneum) infected with their natural pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis.
 However, the evolutionary forces responsible for this natural variation
 remained unclear. 2. In the present work, we tested whether the strength
 of the priming response (measured as the survival benefit after priming
 and subsequent infection, relative to unprimed controls) was associated
 with multiple fitness parameters and immune components across 10 flour
 beetle populations collected from different locations in India). 3. Our
 results suggest two major selective pressures that may explain the
 observed inter-population variation in priming: (A) Basal pathogen
 susceptibility – populations that were more susceptible to infection
 produced a stronger priming response, and (B) Short-term early
 reproductive success – populations where primed females produced more
 offspring early in life (measured over 2 days) had lower survival benefit
 (measured over 120 days), suggesting a potential trade-off between early
 reproduction and priming response. However, the negative association
 between survival and reproduction is limited to priming and infection in
 adults, but not in larvae. While other components of beetle fitness
 (starvation resistance and larval development) and immune function
 (hemolymph antibacterial activity and antimicrobial quinone secretion)
 also varied widely across populations, none of them was correlated with
 the variation in priming responses across populations. 4. Our work is the
 first systematic empirical demonstration of multiple selective pressures
 that may govern the evolution of immune priming in the wild. We hope that
 this motivates further experiments to establish the role of
 pathogen-imposed selection and fitness costs in the evolution of priming
 in natural insect populations.
description: Data
 deposition_Dryad
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mm5pv44
title: Data from: Implications of non-native species for mutualistic network resistance and resilience

description: Resilience theory aims to understand and predict ecosystem state changes
 resulting from disturbances. Non-native species are ubiquitous in
 ecological communities and integrated into many described ecological
 interaction networks, including mutualisms. By altering the fitness
 landscape and rewiring species interactions, such network invasion may
 carry important implications for ecosystem resistance and resilience under
 continued environmental change. Here, I hypothesize that the tendency of
 established non-native species to be generalists may make them more likely
 than natives to occupy central network roles and may link them to the
 resistance and resilience of the overall network. I use a quantitative
 research synthesis of 58 empirical pollination and seed dispersal
 networks, along with extinction simulations, to examine the roles of known
 non-natives in networks. I show that non-native species in networks
 enhance network redundancy and may thereby bolster the ecological
 resistance or functional persistence of ecosystems in the face of
 disturbance. At the same time, non-natives are unlikely to partner with
 specialist natives, thus failing to support the resilience of native
 species assemblages. Non-natives significantly exceed natives in network
 centrality, normalized degree, and Pollination Service Index. Networks
 containing non-natives exhibit lower connectance, more links on average,
 and higher generality and vulnerability than networks lacking non-natives.
 As environmental change progresses, specialists are particularly likely to
 be impacted, reducing species diversity in many communities and network
 types. This work implies that functional diversity may be retained but
 taxonomic diversity decline as non-native species become established in
 networks worldwide.
description: Network analysis outputs
 for each network included in this global research
 synthesis.This file includes
 network diagrams and all default bipartite network metrics for all
 networks included in analyses for this publication. Metrics for non-native
 species are delineated in red.DRYAD networks novel
 mutualisms.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.43sd180
title: Data from: Tail color signals performance in blue tit nestlings

description: Indirect sexual selection arises when reproductive individuals choose
 their mates based on heritable ornaments that are genetically correlated
 to fitness. Evidence for genetic associations between ornamental
 coloration and fitness remain scarce. In this study we investigate the
 quantitative genetic relationship between different aspects of tail
 structural coloration (brightness, hue and UV chroma) and performance
 (cell mediated immunity, body mass and wing length) in blue tit (Cyanistes
 caeruleus) nestlings. In line with previous studies, we find low
 heritability for structural coloration and moderate heritability for
 performance measures. Multivariate animal models show positive genetic
 correlations between the three measures of performance, indicating
 quantitative genetic variation for overall performance while tail
 brightness and UV chroma, two genetically independent color measures, are
 genetically correlated with performance (positively and negatively
 respectively). Our results suggest that mate choice based on independent
 aspects of tail coloration can have fitness payoffs in blue tits and
 provide support for the indirect benefits hypothesis. However, low
 heritability of tail structural coloration implies that indirect sexual
 selection on mate choice for this ornament will be a weak evolutionary
 force.
description: Data_nestlings_meansPhenotypic measures of all nestling traits (body mass on d16, wing length on d16, PHA response on d13, brightness, hue and UV chroma of 1 tail feather on d16).Color traits are averaged for each individual. Nestlings were cross-fostered between 2005 and 2009 and thus RearID is their nest of rearing while GeneticID is their nest of origin. Sex is 1 for female, 2 for male and 0 when unknown. Vane tarsus, and wing length are measured in mm and weight_d16 is measured in g. machine refers to the spectrophotometer that was used for measuring tail feathers (1 for 2005-2006, 2 for the other years).Data_nestlings.txtData_nestlings_repeatsPhenotypic measures of all nestling traits (body mass on d16, wing length on d16, PHA response on d13, brightness, hue and UV chroma of 1 tail feather on d16).Each individual's tail feather was measured multiple times. Nestlings were cross fostered between 2005 and 2009 and thus RearID is their nest of rearing while GeneticID is their nest of origin. Sex is 1 for female, 2 for male and 0 when unknown. Vane tarsus, and wing length are measured in mm and weight_d16 is measured in g. machine refers to the spectrophotometer that was used for measuring tail feathers (1 for 2005-2006, 2 for the other years).Pedigree_BTPedigree of the blue tit population (2003-2010)WingWebsMultiple measures of nestling wing webs (in mm) before (2 times on day 13) and after PHA injection (3 time on day 14) .Supplementary textR2R codes used for performing quantitative genetic analyses (with asreml-R), structural equation models (with lavaan) and simulations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8189524
title: Data from: Food-deprivation affects egg laying and maternal care but not offspring performance in a beetle

description: Individuals vary with respect to their nutritional state and such
 variation is an important determinant of the amount of resources
 individuals allocate towards reproductive functions. Currently, we have a
 relatively poor understanding of the downstream consequences of food
 deprivation on different traits associated with reproduction. Here, we
 address this gap by investigating how food deprivation affected different
 traits across the breeding cycle in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus
 vespilloides; a species that breeds on carcasses of small vertebrates
 serving as food for both parents and offspring. We found that
 food-deprived females took longer to start egg laying than control
 females, which may allow them more time to feed from the carcass. There
 was no difference between food-deprived and control females in the number,
 size, laying pattern or hatching success of eggs, suggesting that this
 delay allowed females to compensate for their poor initial state. However,
 food-deprived females spent less time providing care, suggesting that this
 compensation was incomplete. Finally, we found no evidence for negative
 effects of food deprivation on the offspring’s growth or survival, which
 is surprising given that food-deprived females took longer to initiate egg
 laying and provided less care to their offspring. Our results highlight
 that food deprivation can have complex effects on parental and offspring
 traits, and suggest that females face a trade-off between the benefits of
 mitigating downstream consequences of nutritional stress and the costs
 associated with delaying the start of reproduction.
description: Richardson, Ross &
 SmisethData for Richardson,
 Ross & Smiseth in Behavioural Ecology "Food-deprivation affects
 egg laying and maternal care but not offspring performance in a
 beetle"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rt753j9
title: Data from: Habitat diversity associated with island size and environmental filtering control the species richness of rock-savanna plants in neotropical inselbergs

description: Disentangling the multiple factors controlling species diversity is a
 major challenge in ecology. Island biogeography and environmental
 filtering are two influential theories emphasizing respectively island
 size and isolation, and the abiotic environment, as key drivers of species
 richness. However, few attempts have been made to quantify their relative
 importance and investigate their mechanistic basis. Here, we applied
 structural equation modelling, a powerful method allowing test of complex
 hypotheses involving multiple and indirect effects, on an island-like
 system of 22 French Guianan neotropical inselbergs covered with
 rock-savanna. We separated the effects of size (rock-savanna area),
 isolation (density of surrounding inselbergs), environmental filtering
 (rainfall, altitude) and dispersal filtering (forest-matrix openness) on
 the species richness of all plants and of various ecological groups
 (terrestrial versus epiphytic, small-scale versus large-scale dispersal
 species). We showed that the species richness of all plants and
 terrestrial species was mainly explained by the size of rock-savanna
 vegetation patches, with increasing richness associated with higher
 rock-savanna area, while inselberg isolation and forest-matrix openness
 had no measurable effect. This size effect was mediated by an increase in
 terrestrial-habitat diversity, even after accounting for increased
 sampling effort. The richness of epiphytic species was mainly explained by
 environmental filtering, with a positive effect of rainfall and altitude,
 but also by a positive size effect mediated by enhanced woody-plant
 species richness. Inselberg size and environmental filtering both
 explained the richness of small-scale and large-scale dispersal species,
 but these ecological groups responded in opposite directions to altitude
 and rainfall, that is positively for large-scale and negatively for
 small-scale dispersal species. Our study revealed both habitat diversity
 associated with island size and environmental filtering as major drivers
 of neotropical inselberg plant diversity and showed the importance of
 plant species growth form and dispersal ability to explain the relative
 importance of each driver.
description: DonnéesData used for structural ecological modelling
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nk764n1
title: Data from: Attractiveness is positively related to World Cup performance in male, but not female, biathletes

description: Whole-organism performance capacity is thought to play a key role in
 sexual selection, through its impacts on both intrasexual competition and
 intersexual mate choice. Based on data from elite sports, several studies
 have reported a positive association between facial attractiveness and
 athletic performance in humans, leading to claims that facial correlates
 of sporting prowess in men reveal heritable or non-heritable mate quality.
 However, for most of the sports studied (soccer, ice hockey, American
 football and cycling) it is not possible to separate individual
 performance from team performance. Here, using photographs of athletes who
 compete annually in a multi-event World Cup, we examine the relationship
 between facial attractiveness and individual career-best performance
 metrics in the biathlon, a multidisciplinary sport that combines target
 shooting and cross-country skiing. Unlike all previous studies, which
 considered only male athletes, we report relationships for both sportsmen
 and sportswomen. As predicted by evolutionary arguments, we found that
 male biathletes were judged more attractive if (unknown to the raters)
 they had achieved a higher peak performance (World Cup points score) in
 their career, whereas there was no significant relationship for female
 biathletes. Our findings show that elite male athletes display visible,
 attractive cues that reliably reflect their athletic performance.
description: biathlon
 DATAData file containing
 demographic variables, morphological measurements, performance metrics and
 attractiveness ratings for World Cup biathletesbiathlonDATA.txtbiathlon ANALYSISR script to reproduce analyses of biathlete data reported in paper.biathlonANALYSIS.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h02f9j9
title: Data from: Experimental field evidence that out-group threats influence within-group behaviour

description: In social species, conspecific outsiders present various threats to groups
 and their members. These out-group threats are predicted to affect
 subsequent within-group interactions (e.g. affiliation and aggression) and
 individual behaviour (e.g. foraging and vigilance decisions). However,
 experimental investigations of such consequences are rare, especially in
 natural conditions. We used field-based call playbacks and faecal
 presentations on habituated wild dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula)—a
 cooperatively breeding, territorial species—to examine post-interaction
 responses to the simulated threat of a rival group. Dwarf mongooses
 invested more in grooming of groupmates, foraged closer together and more
 regularly acted as sentinels (a raised guard) after encountering
 indicators of rival-group presence compared to control conditions. These
 behavioural changes likely arise from greater anxiety and, in the case of
 increased vigilance, the need to seek additional information about the
 threat. The influence of an out-group threat lasted at least 1 h but
 individuals of different dominance status and sex responded similarly,
 potentially because all group members suffer costs if a contest with
 rivals is lost. Our results provide field-based experimental evidence from
 wild animals that out-group threats can influence within-group behaviour
 and decision-making, and suggest the need for greater consideration of the
 lasting impacts of social conflict.
description: Data for Experiment
 1Data
 collected in the field on a habituated population of dwarf mongooses. Data
 in this spreadsheet was used for the analyses in Experiment
 1.Data for Experiment
 2Data
 collected in the field on a habituated population of dwarf mongooses. Data
 in this spreadsheet was used for the analyses in Experiment
 2.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qk8v9g1
title: Data from: Time-keeping programme can explain seasonal dynamics of leukocyte profile in a migrant bird

description: It has been proposed that immune functioning in wild animals is shaped by
 the trade-off between a probability of encountering pathogens and an
 availability of resources for maintaining immune system in active state.
 Due to resources’ seasonality one can expect that immune functioning,
 e.g., absolute and relative counts of white blood cells, WBC (leukocyte
 profile) also follows an annual cycle. However, dynamics of the seasonal
 changes of leukocyte profile are controversial and specific inquiries so
 far addressed only a portion of annual cycle. To study the seasonal
 dynamics of the leukocyte profile and to test its possible endogenous
 basis we experimentally simulated annual cycle in a migratory passerine
 bird, chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita abietinus). We report here a
 clear seasonal pattern of leukocyte profile in that species. The highest
 WBC counts were observed during pre-alternate moult and the lowest during
 the subsequent spring migration; the seasonal dynamics of HL ratio showed
 the opposite tendency. Surprisingly, HL ratios during autumn migration
 were relatively low, indicating little to no stress. Observed seasonal
 changes in controlled experimental conditions suggest an existence of
 time-keeping programme underlying these variations. Additionally we found
 negative relationship between the body condition index and WBC counts and
 positive relationship with HL (heterophil to lymphocyte) ratio; these
 findings are controversial with the data obtained with other bird species
 in wild populations. Understanding the origins of variation of leukocyte
 profile per se and in relation with other parameters of physiological
 condition can be a useful tool in studying physiological response to
 environmental changes.
description: Data_Demina_etal_2018This Zip archive includes one csv- and one txt -file. These files provide all data used for the analyses included in the research article along with short description of columns in the data table.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6d66b49
title: Data from: Organic farming and associated management practices benefit multiple wildlife taxa: a large-scale field study in rice paddy landscapes

description: 1. Organic farming has potential for the conservation of global
 biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Despite this, knowledge of
 the effects of organic farming systems on farmland biodiversity is limited
 in Asia, the worldwide leader in rice production. 2. We conducted the
 first national-scale study to investigate the effects of three different
 rice farming systems (conventional, low-input, and organic) and specific
 management practices (e.g. herbicide and insecticide applications, crop
 rotation, and levee-vegetation management) on species richness and
 abundance of multiple taxonomic groups (plants, invertebrates, Pelophylax
 and Hyla japonica frogs, cobitid loaches, and birds) in Japan during
 2013–2015. 3. Organic fields supported the highest richness and abundance
 of several taxonomic groups (native/Red List plants, Tetragnatha spiders,
 Sympetrum dragonflies, and Pelophylax frogs), followed by low-input and
 conventional fields. We also found taxon-specific responses to specific
 management practices. For instance, plant richness and Tetragnatha and
 Sympetrum abundance increased with reduced herbicide and/or insecticide
 applications. Sympetrum and Cobitid loach abundance increased in the
 absence of crop rotation, whereas H. japonica abundance increased with
 crop rotation. Pelophylax abundance increased with an increased height of
 levee vegetation. 4. At spatial scales larger than single fields,
 waterbird richness and abundance were positively correlated with the
 proportion of organic rice fields, presumably due to increased prey
 abundance. Meanwhile, landbird richness and abundance were positively
 associated with annual precipitation and annual mean temperature,
 suggesting that such climate increases food availability. 5. Synthesis and
 applications. We highlight the positive effects of organic and low-input
 farming for biodiversity relative to conventional farming in rice-paddies.
 We also provide the scientific basis of the current agri-environmental
 schemes in Japan, subsidising organic and low-input farming for
 biodiversity. The taxon-specific associations with management practices
 indicate that avoiding crop rotation, maintaining levee vegetation, and
 organic farming at large spatial scales can also be wildlife-friendly.
 These practices may thus be incorporated into agri-environment schemes for
 effective biodiversity conservation.
description: Data from: Organic
 farming and associated management practices benefit multiple wildlife
 taxa: A large-scale field study in rice paddy landscapesData on biodiversity and
 environmental factors in rice fields surveyed during 2013–2015 across
 Japan.DataS1.xlsx
DOI: 10.24339/25def775-0c29-4a69-97ff-4d686681f549
title: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of a Year’s Allotment Gardening for People Living in Low-Income Areas of Nottingham, UK

description: This dataset is from 7 semi-structured interviews with allotment gardeners from low-income areas of Nottingham 12 months following the start of their tenancy at St Ann's allotments. These interviews were used to develop the analysis for a paper published in Cities and Health entitled "An interpretative phenomenological analysis of a year's allotment gardening for individuals living in low-income areas of Nottingham UK". 

Due to ethical/commercial issues, data underpinning this publication cannot be made openly available.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.62f422p
title: Data from: The bold and the sperm: positive association between boldness and sperm number in the guppy

description: Assessing the consequences of personality traits on reproductive success
 is one of the most important challenges in personality studies, and
 critical to understand the evolutionary implications of behavioural
 variability among animals. Personality traits are typically associated
 with mating acquisition in males, and, hence, linked to variation in their
 reproductive success. However, in most species sexual selection continues
 after mating, and sperm traits (such as sperm number and quality) become
 very important in determining post-mating competitive success. Here, we
 investigate whether variation in personality traits is associated to
 variation in sperm traits using the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a species
 with high levels of sperm competition. We found a positive association
 between boldness and sperm number but not sperm velocity, suggesting that
 bolder males have increased post-copulatory success than shyer
 individuals. No association was found between exploration and sperm
 traits. Our work highlights the importance of considering post-copulatory
 traits when investigating fitness consequences of personality traits,
 especially in species with high levels of female multiple matings and
 hence sperm competition.
description: Gasparini et al
 datasetFile and column's
 names are self-explanatory. Sperm number is reported in millions (10^6)
 and sperm velocity in micron/second. More details are reported in the
 MS.