cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.7c
title: ADCP data Whittard Canyon 64PE453-53

description: This dataset covers ADCP data collected in Whittard Canyon at 2200 m water depth. THe 75 kHz ADCP was upward looking and deployed in Whittard to monitor daily to seasonal changes in current speed and acoustic backscatter. Challenging the highstand-dormant paradigm for land-detached submarine canyons (Heijnen et al.): Abstract: Sediment, nutrients, organic carbon and pollutants are funnelled down submarine canyons from continental shelves by sediment-laden flows called turbidity currents, which dominate particulate transfer to the deep sea. Post-glacial sea-level rise disconnected more than three quarters of the &gt;9000 submarine canyons worldwide from their former river or long-shore drift sediment inputs. Existing models therefore assume that land-detached submarine canyons are dormant in the present-day; however, monitoring has focused on land-attached canyons and this paradigm remains untested. Here we present the most detailed field measurements yet of turbidity currents within a land-detached submarine canyon, documenting a remarkably similar frequency (6 yr-1) and speed (up to 5-8 ms-1) to those in large land-attached submarine canyons. Major triggers such as storms or earthquakes are not required; instead, seasonal variations in cross-shelf sediment transport explain temporal-clustering of flows, and why the storm season is surprisingly absent of turbidity currents. As &gt;1000 other canyons have a similar configuration, we propose that contemporary deep-sea particulate transport via such land- detached canyons may have been dramatically under-estimated.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.ub
title: Algal-Induced Biogeomorphic Feedbacks Lay the Groundwork for Coastal Wetland Development

description: Ecosystem establishment under adverse geophysical conditions is often studied within the "windows of opportunity" framework, identifying disturbance-free periods (e.g., calm wave climate) where species can overcome establishment thresholds. However, the role of biogeophysical interactions in this framework is less well understood. The establishment of saltmarsh vegetation on tidal flats, for example, is limited by abiotic factors such as hydrodynamics, sediment stability and drainage. On tidal flats, raised sediment ridges colonized by algal mats (Vaucheria sp.) appear to accomodate high densities of plant seedlings. Such ridges were previously found to have higher sediment strength than substratum without algae. Here, we investigate whether these measurements can be explained by geophysical factors only, or that biological (Vaucheria-induced) processes influence tidal marsh establishment by forming stabilized bedforms. We performed two experiments under controlled mesocosm conditions, to test the hypotheses that i) Vaucheria grows better on elevated topographic relief, that ii) the binding force of their algal filaments increases sediment strength, and that iii) Vaucheria consequently creates elevated topographic relief that further facilitates algal growth. Our experimental results confirm the existence of this algal-induced biogeomorphic feedback cycle. These findings imply that benthic algae like Vaucheria may contribute significantly to tidal marsh formation by creating elevated and stabilized substratum. This suggests biogeophysical feedbacks can "widen" the windows of opportunity for further ecosystem establishment. Our results could be useful for the design of managed realignment projects aimed at restoring the unique ecosystem services of coastal wetlands, such as habitat biodiversity, carbon sequestration potential and nature-based flood defense.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.3
title: All Creatures Great and Small - Environmental Impact Study of Blue Energy, RED pilot Breezanddijk. Deliverables 2.4 2.5 of project OOBE (Onderzoek Omgevingseffecten Blue Energy). NIOZ Report 2020-05

description: This report summarises monitoring and experiments focusing on the assessment of the impact of impingement and entrainment of zooplankton and fish at an experimental Blue Energy power plant at Breezanddijk, Netherlands.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.w
title: Analysis of a coastal North Sea fish community: comparison of aquatic environmental DNA concentrations to fish catches

description: Analyses of environmental DNA has the potential to become an integrated tool in fish research and management. We performed a pilot study during the spring migration of fishes from the North Sea into the Wadden Sea and present comparative results from daily fyke catches (20 mm mesh) in the Marsdiep tidal inlet on two locations and results from weekly fish eDNA analyses on three locations, all within 2 km distance. Fish catches did not differ significantly between the two locations, whereas the eDNA composition showed a significant location effect. However, when eDNA analysis was restricted to species that were caught with the fykes, differences among locations became insignificant. Over ten weeks, from late April to early July, presence-absence calls of fishes based on weekly eDNA sampling significantly agreed with calls based on seven days of fyke fishing 1 km westwards. Fish eDNA compositions differed significantly among sample days and months but not between tides. Over the season, patterns in eDNA concentration (12S rRNA gene copies/L) inferred from quantitative PCR and Illumina HiSeq community composition, corresponded to patterns in wet mass for the eight most abundant fish species in the fyke (&gt;6 weeks present) despite changes in water temperature and changes in fish size class. Small sandeel and gobies, which are important prey for large fishes and birds, were typically missed with the fyke but contributed up to 25-40% of the fish eDNA depending on the sample location.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.jb
title: Analysis of coastal storm damage resistance in successional mangrove species

description: Use of mangrove ecosystems for coastal flood protection requires reliable predictions of mangrove wave attenuation capacity, especially if this capacity lessens due to storm-induced forest damage. Quantifying and understanding the variation in drag forces on and mechanical properties of mangrove vegetation can improve assessment of mangrove protective capacity. We studied five mangrove species common in the subtropical Pearl River Delta, south China. The tested species range from typically landward-occurring to more seaward-occurring and pioneer species. We sampled across seven sites in the delta to study the impact of salinity on mechanical properties. We quantified strength and flexibility of branches (branch strength and flexibility related to branch diameter, Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity), leaf strength (leaf attachment strength related to leaf size, and Leaf Mass per Area) and drag properties (drag force related to surface area and the drag coefficient). For all tested species, larger branch diameter resulted in higher mechanical strength. Larger leaf size resulted in larger peak pulling forces and larger branch surface area resulted in stronger drag forces. Notably, species that generally occur lower in the intertidal zone, where exposure to wind and waves is higher, had relatively stronger branches but more easily detachable leaves. This may be regarded as a damage-avoiding strategy. Across the seven field sites we found no clear effect of salinity on mangrove mechanical properties. This study provides a mechanistic insight in the storm damage process for individual mangrove trees and a solid base for modelling storm (surge) damage at forest scale.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.q
title: ANNA lander data

description: ANNA
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.qf
title: Annual biogeochemical dynamics in the Western Scheldt

description: Estuarine intertidal sediments are important centres for organic matter remineralization and nutrients recycling. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding regarding how these processes occur along the salinity gradient and their seasonality. Here, we report on the seasonal biogeochemical cycles from three types of intertidal sedimentary habitats (freshwater, brackish and marine) located in the Western Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands and Belgium). A full year of solute fluxes, porewater nutrient and sediment pigment concentrations at a monthly resolution revealed clear differences in the biogeochemistry of the three sites, indicating that environmental conditions determined the local nutrient dynamics. Temperature controlled sediment oxygen consumption rates and nutrient fluxes, but also affected pore water nutrient concentrations up to 14 cm deep. Fresh and brackish sediments had a net influx of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (?? 1.62 mmol m?? 2 d?? 1 and -2.84 mmol m?? 2 d?? 1, respectively), while only the freshwater sediments showed a net influx of phosphate (?? 0.07 mmol m?? 2 d?? 1). We estimated that intertidal sediments remineralized a total of 10,000 t C y?? 1, with 97% of mineralization occurring in the brackish and marine parts. Overall, sediments removed 11% (1500 t N y?? 1) and 15% (~200 t P y?? 1) of the total nitrogen and phosphorus entering the estuary from riverine input. Moreover, observations revealed the historical improvement of water quality resulting from water treatment policies. This spatiotemporal study of OM remineralization and early diagenesis in estuarine systems highlights the importance of intertidal sediments for estuarine systems. Our observations can be used in models to predict estuarine biogeochemistry or assess climate change scenarios.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.0d
title: Are ecosystem traits fixed or flexible: A study on clonal expansion strategies in co-occurring dune grasses - data

description: Many vegetated coastal ecosystems are formed through ecosystem engineering by clonal vegetation. Recent work highlights that the spatial shoot organization of the vegetation determines local sediment accretion and subsequently emerging landscape morphology. While this key engineering trait has been found to differ between species and prevailing environmental conditions, it remains unknown how the interplay of both factors drive shoot organization and therefore landscape morphology. Here, we compared the spatial shoot organization of young, clonally expanding plants of the two dominant European dune grass species: sand couch (Elytrigia juncea) and marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) across a range of coastal dune environments (from Denmark to France). Our results reveal that, on average, sand couch deployed a more dispersed shoot organization than marram grass, which has a patchy (L?vy-like) organization. Whereas sand couch exhibited the same expansion strategy independent of environmental conditions, marram grass demonstrated a large intraspecific variation which correlated to soil organic matter, temperature, and grain size. Shoot patterns ranged from a clumped organization correlating to relatively high soil organic matter contents, temperature, and small grain sizes, to a patchy configuration with intermediate conditions, and a dispersed organization with low soil organic matter, temperature, and large grain size. We conclude that marram grass is flexible in adjusting its engineering capacity in response to environmental conditions, while sand couch instead follows a fixed expansion strategy, illustrating that shoot organization results from the interaction of both species-specific and environmental-specific trait expression.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.kf
title: Benguela Phytoplankton 2020

description: The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is one of the world?s most productive ecosystems, supporting globally-relevant fisheries. The BUS marine community is modulated by the availability of nutrients and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (hereafter, LC omega-3). Phytoplankton growth in the BUS can be supported by upwelled nitrate, a new nitrogen (N) source to the surface, or by recycled N such as ammonium. Preferential assimilation of one N source over another may yield differences in LC omega-3 production between high and low food-quality species. To evaluate how upwelling and the N source(s) consumed by phytoplankton influence LC omega-3 production, we sampled a BUS anchor station daily for 10 days. Upwelling on days 5-7 supplied high concentrations of nutrients to the surface, while pre- and post-upwelling, surface waters were stratified and nutrient concentrations were low. LC omega-3 and phytoplankton concentrations were near-zero during upwelling, and elevated pre- and post-upwelling. Throughout our sampling, nanoplankton (2.7-10?m) dominated primary production (30-95%), relying mainly on nitrate to support their growth. Surface LC omega-3 concentrations reached peaks of 215 and 175 ?gL-1 pre- and post-upwelling, up to 10-times higher than previous measurements from the BUS (5 ?gL-1). Pre-upwelling, non-diatom trophic markers (18:1n-9,18:4n-3,18:5n-3) were dominant, with a switch over just two days to diatom trophic markers post-upwelling (16:1n-7,16:2n-4,16:2n-7,16:3n-4,16:4n-1). This study reveals the key role of upwelling in promoting phytoplankton LC omega-3 production, which is tightly coupled to the supply of new nitrate. Additionally, the high observed LC omega-3 concentrations suggest that global LC omega-3 production is underestimated.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.jg
title: Biodegradation of polyethylene by the marine fungus Parengyodontium album

description: Plastic pollution in the marine realm is a severe environmental problem. Nevertheless, plastic may also serve as a potential carbon and energy source for microbes, yet the contribution of marine microbes, especially marine fungi to plastic degradation is not well constrained. We isolated the fungus Parengyodontium album from floating plastic debris in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and measured fungal-mediated mineralization rates (conversion to CO2) of polyethylene (PE) by applying stable isotope probing assays with 13C-PE. When the PE was pretreated with UV light, the biodegradation rate of the initially added PE was 16%/yr, while the rate was only 0.02%/yr when the plastic was not pretreated with UV light. Furthermore, we traced the incorporation of PE-derived 13C-carbon into P. album biomass using nanoSIMS and fatty acid analysis. Despite the high mineralization rate of the UV-treated 13C-PE, incorporation of PE-derived 13C into fungal cells was minor, and 13C incorporation was not detectable for the non-treated PE. Together, our results reveal the potential of P. album to degrade PE in the marine environment and to mineralize it to CO2. However, the initial photodegradation of PE is crucial for P. album to metabolize the PE-derived carbon.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.db
title: Biodiversiteit en abiotische metingen op de Slow Mill locatie off-shore Texel in 2019. NIOZ Report 2020-06

description: In 2019 NIOZ was involved in biodiversity research and the measurement of abiotic conditions at a location where a wave energy converter device (SLOWMILL) will be placed. The location lies 4 km offshore Texel and has a water depth of 12 meter. In February 2019. Fauna was sampled with a boxcore. The analyses of these samples showed that abundance and biodiversity is relatively low, and typical for the high energetic coastal environment. The addition of hard substratum, being a measurement frame, showed that local abundance and biodiversity increased enormously. With 18 species which were not found in the sandy bottom, biodiversity increased with ~ 50%. The densities of macro faunal specimens on the hard substratum was 400 times higher than densities in the natural soft sediments. The measurements of the physical environment showed that the location is dominated by along shore tidal currents of approximately 0.5 m/s. The residual current is in northward direction. During a south westerly storm (8 Bft) near bottom currents were over 1 m/s. Significant wave heights during the storm was 2.5 meter, with a maximum of 4.8 meter. Mean wave period was 3.5 seconds. Peak period is 5.8 seconds and linked to waves from a northerly direction. Temperature, salinity and turbidity measurements show a well defined tidal periodicity. The turbidity data clearly show the effect of wind and wave conditions on the total suspended matter. Peak concentrations were measured after the storm when resuspended material resettles. The data also suggest that there is lateral transport of suspended material, most likely derived from the bordering shallow Wadden Sea.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.yf
title: CAGE 20-7 data

description: All data from CAGE 20-7 cruise used for the publication titled 'Methanotroph activity and connectivity between two seep systems north off Svalbard' .
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.2f
title: CCZ polymetallic nodule crevice fauna

description: This dataset contains metadata, abiotic data (nodule dimensions), and biotic data (counts of crevice fauna) from 244 polymetallic nodules collected from 16 boxcores from the Belgian and German license areas within the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. All crevice fauna were extracted with Ludox centrifugation following (Burgess et al., 2001), counted, and sorted into higher taxa. The dataset therefore contains the counts of each higher taxa corresponding to each nodule processed.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.3f
title: CCZ polymetallic nodule crevice fauna (BLAST results for Copepoda)

description: This dataset contains the results of a BLAST search for each copepod specimen used in chapter 5 of the doctoral thesis by Coral Diaz-Recio Lorenzo with appended taxonomic information.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.5f
title: CCZ polymetallic nodule crevice fauna (ASV frequency table for Nematoda)

description: This dataset contains ASV frequencies for each pooled Nematode community per polymetallic nodule in the CCZ.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.4f
title: CCZ polymetallic nodule crevice fauna (BLAST results for Nematoda)

description: This dataset contains the results of a BLAST search for each nematode reference sequence used in chapter 5 of the doctoral thesis by Coral Diaz-Recio Lorenzo with appended taxonomic information.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.tb
title: Chapter 3 - Simple feedback explains complex channel patterns in coastal wetlands

description: Spatial patterns are omnipresent in nature (Rodriguez-Iturbe and Rinaldo, 1997; Kondo, 2002; Meinhardt, 2003; Rietkerk and van de Koppel, 2008; Petit and Anfodillo, 2009) and directly affect the functioning and resilience of the (eco)systems in which they manifest themselves (Rietkerk et al., 2004; van de Koppel et al., 2005; Weerman et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2014b). Scale-dependent feedback, which typically is positive nearby and negative further away, provides a widely accepted explanation for the formation of simple, single-scale patterns (Meinhardt, 2003; Rietkerk and van de Koppel, 2008; Petit and Anfodillo, 2009). However, it is unclear whether the more complex, multi-scale patterns that characterize many natural systems can be explained by equally generic mechanisms. As a model system, we here study the tidal channels that characterize coastal wetlands (Hughes, 2012), as these channels constitute patterns that vary greatly in geometry, ranging from simple parallel channels (Temmerman et al., 2007; Weerman et al., 2010; van de Vijsel et al., 2020) to complexly branching networks (Rodriguez-Iturbe and Rinaldo, 1997; Rinaldo et al., 1999), with direct consequences for the functioning and resilience of valuable wetland ecosystems. We reveal that the broad spectrum of geometries typical for tidal channel patterns can be explained by one scale-dependent feedback. This is a biogeomorphic feedback that roughly follows Turing's activator-inhibitor principle (Rietkerk and van de Koppel, 2008) and results from flow deflection and channel incision around biotically (biofilms, algae, plants) stabilized sediment (Temmerman et al., 2007; Weerman et al., 2010; van de Vijsel et al., 2020). Using a mathematical model, we now show that as the biogeomorphic feedback gets stronger, complex multi-scale patterns emerge due to self-induced recursion of the scale-dependent feedback, which results in nesting of regular channel patterns at successively finer scales. This recursive mechanism provides an explanation for poorly understood geometric properties of real-world tidal networks (Rinaldo et al., 1999). We further find that increased network complexity directly translates to enhanced drainage efficiency, sediment accretion rates and ecosystem productivity. These results highlight the vital importance of network complexity for the functioning of coastal wetlands, ultimately determining their resilience to sea level rise (Kirwan and Megonigal, 2013) and storm surge buffering capacity (Temmerman et al., 2013), and with that their potential to mitigate the effects of global change that threaten densely populated coastal lowlands worldwide.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.wc
title: Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations

description: Long-distance migratory species often include multiple breeding populations, with distinct migration routes, wintering areas and annual-cycle timing. Detailed knowledge on population structure and migratory connectivity provides the basis for studies on the evolution of migration strategies and for species conservation. Currently, five subspecies of Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica have been described. However, with two apparently isolated breeding and wintering areas, the taxonomic status of the subspecies L. l. taymyrensis remains unclear. Here we compare taymyrensis Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in respectively the Middle East and West Africa, with respect to migration behaviour, breeding area, morphology and population genetic differentation in mitochondrial DNA. By tracking 52 individuals from wintering and staging areas over multiple years, we show that Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in the Middle East bred on the northern West-Siberian Plain (n = 19), whilst birds from West Africa bred further east, mostly on the Taimyr Peninsula (n = 12). The two groups differed significantly in body size and shape, and also in the timing of both northward and southward migrations. However, they were not genetically differentiated, indicating that the phenotypic (i.e. geographic, morphological and phenological) differences arose either very recently or without current reproductive isolation. We conclude that the taymyrensis taxon consists of two distinct populations with mostly non-overlapping flyways, which warrant treatment as separate taxonomic units. We thus propose to distinguish a more narrowly defined taymyrensis subspecies (i.e. the Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in West Africa and breeding on Taimyr), from a new subspecies (i.e. the birds wintering in the Middle East and breeding on the northern West-Siberian Plain).