cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/m848-jg31
title: Digital hemispheric photos of plot vegetation (DP1.10017.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution field data and 180 degree hemispherical images that enable ground-based calculation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and/or Plant Area Index (PAI). For forests, both upward-facing photos of canopy vegetation, and photos of understory vegetation are collected. For shorter-stature ecosystems, only downward-facing images of 'understory' vegetation are collected, where 'understory' is defined to include all vegetation. Photos are acquired with a full-frame DSLR camera equipped with a fisheye lens, and are provided in RAW image format. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

dhp_perimagefile:  60

dhp_perplot:  60
description: Digital Hemispheric Photos (DHPs) of plot vegetation are collected every five years from twenty randomly selected Distributed Plots, and collection from these plots is timed such that DHPs are acquired within a one month window that also includes a NEON AOP remote-sensing flight over the site. Ground collection of DHPs and the AOP flight are both timed to co-occur with the window of peak greenness according to a 10 year average of the MODIS-EVI greenness index. To better frame the window of peak green in a given year, DHPs are also collected from three Tower Plots on a two week interval, from leaf-out to senescence. Within each plot, photo points are arranged according to the shape of a square cross, oriented in alignment with the cardinal axes, and with points spaced every 4 meters. At each photo point within the plot, photos of understory vegetation are acquired, with 'understory' defined as vegetation typically less than 2 meters height. In grasslands and scrublands, the understory is therefore the only vegetation photographed. When an overstory is present, i.e. vegetation greater than 2 meters height, photographs of overstory are also acquired at each photo point. Overstory images are typically acquired in the crepuscular hours of the day, when direct sunlight is not illuminating the foliage, and may also be acquired when it is overcast such that the sun does not cast a shadow. Understory images are typically acquired during daylight hours. Instrumentation: Full-frame Nikon DSLR (D750/D800/D810 model) equipped with a 16 mm Nikkor full-frame fisheye lens
DOI: 10.48443/w373-v325
title: Field spectral data (DP1.30012.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: NEON AOP Field Spectral Data are collected using a field-spectrometer and leaf clip to observe leaf-level reflectance spectra within two-weeks of AOP overpass. Some field spectral observations will be collected from samples that are also used to develop the foliar chemistry data product. The Field Spectral Data are collected and distributed as an opportunistic activity and as such are not collected for every flight or site. Typical collection rates will be one or two sites annually.

Latency: Field spectral data will be available 90 days after the final collection day at a site. Field spectra legacy data (those collected in 2013 through 2016) currently has no availability, and will be completely available by April of 2021.
description: NEON AOP Field Spectral Data are collected using a field-spectrometer and leaf clip to observe leaf-level reflectance spectra within two-weeks of AOP overpass. Some field spectral observations will be collected from samples that are also used to develop the foliar chemistry data product. The Field Spectral Data are collected and distributed as an opportunistic activity and as such are not collected for every flight or site. Typical collection rates will be one or two sites annually. Instrumentation: ASD field spectrometer
DOI: 10.48443/qhn0-6p34
title: Canopy water indices - flightline (DP2.30019.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The Canopy water indices data products are a family of five spectral indices: MSI, NDII, NDWI, NMDI, and WBI. These indices use regions vegetation reflectance spectra known to be indicators of leaf water content, relative canopy water content, changes in canopy water content, soil and canopy water content, and changes in canopy water status, respectively. L2 Canopy Water Content is distributed in the original North/South flight lines and is packaged as a .zip file containing one geotiff flight line raster for each index.

Latency:
AOP data are expected to be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site. Note: Data for airborne collections between 2022-2024 are currently being added to the data portal under a new revision number (DP2.30019.002) since they are derived from BRDF corrected reflectance data, so will not be available here. Water indices derived from directional reflectance will still be available for earlier collections (pre 2022) until they are re-processed with the latest reflectance corrections.
description: The canopy water indices data product is derived from NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) Imaging Spectrometer (NIS) data collected in North-South oriented flight lines to reduce BRDF effects. These data are processed to orthorectified directional surface reflectance and then to Canopy Water Indices. L2 data are provided by flight line, with one geotiff (.tif) file per index (along with associated uncertainty/error rasters) zipped into a single file. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) Imaging Spectrometer (NIS) - NASA/JPL AVIRIS-NG
DOI: 10.48443/n2yp-5a62
title: Tick pathogen status (DP1.10092.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data derived from NEON's tick pathogen testing. Products resulting from this sampling include results of testing individual ticks collected during NEON tick sampling for pathogen presence/absence. See NEON Product Ticks sampled using drag cloths (DP1.10093.001) for data on the abundance and diversity of ticks collected at NEON sites. Following collection, tick samples are sent to a professional taxonomist where ticks are identified to species and sex. A subset of positively-identified nymphal ticks are tested for the presence of bacterial and protozoan pathogens. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

tck_pathogen:  390

tck_pathogenqa:  390
description: A target of 130 individual ticks per site per year are selected for pathogen testing, with the total numbers tested in a given site-year dependent on availability. Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (if available beyond what is used for archive) nymphs are targeted for testing of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Ehrlichia muris-like agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, and Borrelia mayonii. Nymphs in the genera Amblyomma and Dermacentor (if available beyond what is used for archive) are targeted for testing of Francisella tularensis, Rickettsia rickettsia, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Borrelia lonestari. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/13zy-m667
title: Soil microbe community composition (DP1.10081.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for NEON's soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community composition analysis derived from soil microbial sampling. Taxon tables are derived from the 16S and ITS marker gene sequencing data product, NEON.DP1.10108. The DNA sequence data are processed using standard bioinformatics software to generate taxonomic data. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_16S:  730

mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_ITS:  730

mcc\_taxonTableLabSummary:  7
description: Soil sampling occurs annually at a minimum of one site per domain and once (sites with short growing seasons) to three times per year (sites with longer growing seasons), with collections occurring at every sampled site during the historic peak in vegetation greenness. Three pre-determined, randomly assigned locations are selected for each sampling event within each of 10 plots distributed throughout a site; sampling locations within a plot are not re-sampled. Soil samples are collected to a maximum depth of 30 cm, with organic and mineral soils sampled separately. The same samples are used for measurement of soil physical and chemical properties to maintain temporal and spatial connectivity. Subsamples of homogenized soil (rocks, roots and organic debris removed) from each of the 3 sampling locations are stored in sterile containers, frozen on dry ice in the field and shipped to an analytical facility for DNA sequence analysis using primer sets targeting the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene. Sequence data undergo QAQC and are processed bioinformatically using an in-house pipeline to identify unique sequence variants in the data and to taxonomically identify each sequence variant. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qx9q6f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 464 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((117.578 6.181136, 117.50733 6.175565, 117.438404 6.158989, 117.372923 6.131819, 117.312503 6.094723, 117.258633 6.048618, 117.21264 5.994641, 117.175657 5.934123, 117.148591 5.868556, 117.132105 5.799556, 117.126603 5.728822, 117.132215 5.658097, 117.148799 5.589121, 117.175944 5.523593, 117.212978 5.463123, 117.258988 5.4092, 117.31284 5.363149, 117.37321 5.326102, 117.438612 5.29897, 117.507439 5.282419, 117.578 5.276857, 117.648561 5.282419, 117.717388 5.29897, 117.78279 5.326102, 117.84316 5.363149, 117.897012 5.4092, 117.943022 5.463123, 117.980056 5.523593, 118.007201 5.589121, 118.023785 5.658097, 118.029397 5.728822, 118.023895 5.799556, 118.007409 5.868556, 117.980343 5.934123, 117.94336 5.994641, 117.897367 6.048618, 117.843497 6.094723, 117.783077 6.131819, 117.717596 6.158989, 117.64867 6.175565, 117.578 6.181136))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 464 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005704-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48443/8vq2-s021
title: High-resolution orthorectified camera imagery mosaic (DP3.30010.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The digital camera is part of a suite of instruments on the NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) that also includes a full-waveform, small-footprint LiDAR system and the NEON Imaging Spectrometer. In the orthorectification process, the digital imagery is remapped to the same geographic projection as the LiDAR and imaging spectrometer data that is acquired simultaneously. The resulting images will share the same map projection grid space as the orthorectified spectrometer and LiDAR imagery. Since the digital camera imagery is acquired at higher spatial resolution than the imaging spectrometer data, it can aid in identifying features in the spectrometer images including manmade features (e.g., roads, fence lines, and buildings) that are indicative of land-use change. Level 3 RGB camera images are distributed as mosaics of individual camera images in 1 km by 1 km tiles in GeoTIFF format.

Latency:
AOP data will be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site.
description: The Level 3 high-resolution RGB orthorectified camera imagery product is distributed in GeoTIFF raster data format in UTM projection and ITRF00 datum. The Level 3 imagery for a site is distributed in 1 km by 1 km tiles. Filenames contain the coordinate of the lower left (south west) corner of the image. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) High Resolution Digital Camera – Optech Gemini
DOI: 10.48443/n7wh-1991
title: Elevation of groundwater (DP1.20100.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: NEON measurements of groundwater elevation at high temporal resolution informs important linkages and feedbacks between groundwater and surface water in streams, rivers, and lakes. Three to eight wells are installed in the unconfined groundwater layer at most aquatic sites. Wells are located both bear and far from the surface water sensors to facilitate studies of groundwater-surface water interactions and groundwater flow. This data product contains continuous, quality-controlled, groundwater pressure converted to elevation above mean sea level. Measurements are captured every five minutes and reported as 5-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Three to eight wells are installed in the unconfined groundwater layer at most aquatic sites. Wells are strategically located near the instream and in-lake sensor sets to effectively capture the interactions between surface water and groundwater within the hyporheic zone. Additional wells may be positioned further out in the floodplain to facilitate calculations of the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow. Instrumentation: In-Situ, Inc. - Aqua TROLL 200
DOI: 10.48443/fyxz-h380
title: Temperature of groundwater (DP1.20217.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Groundwater plays an important role in modulating temperature of surface water, which is critical to habitat quality and ecosystem function. NEON measures groundwater temperature at high temporal resolution Three to eight wells are installed in the unconfined groundwater layer at most aquatic sites. From NEON groundwater elevation measurements, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow can be calculated, which will help to inform the heat flux between groundwater and surface water. This data product includes continuous quality-controlled groundwater temperature captured every 5 minutes and are reported as 5-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Three to eight wells are installed in the unconfined groundwater layer at most aquatic sites. Wells are strategically located near the instream and in-lake sensor sets to effectively capture the interactions between surface water and groundwater within the hyporheic zone. Additional wells may be positioned further out in the floodplain to facilitate calculations of the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow. Instrumentation: In-Situ, Inc. - Aqua TROLL 200
DOI: 10.48443/pzm2-za41
title: Stage-discharge rating curves (DP4.00133.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product provides parameters that describe the relationship between manual staff gauge readings and manual and/or instumental discharge measurements for NEON stream, river, and lake inflow and outflow locations. The parameters provided are the coefficients defining an exponential curve and are derived from manually measured discharge (manually or via ADCP) and staff gauge readings by a Bayesian model. Rating curve parameters published in this product are used together with sensor measurements of surface water pressure to calculate the Continuous discharge (DP4.00130.001) data product. Data users should refer to the user guide for Stage-discharge rating curve (NEON\_ratingCurve\_userGuide) for more detailed information on the algorithm used to develop a rating curve.

Latency:
Data are generated once per year and are expected to be available each December following the end of the water year (October 1 - September 30).
description: Stage discharge rating curves (DP4.000133.001) are developed and evaluated annually for each location at the end of each water year (October 1 - September 30). Throughout the year, up to 26 staff gauge and stream discharge measurements are made at each NEON stream, river, and lake inflow and outflow location. Currently TOOK is the only lake site with a defined inflow and outflow location. The priors for the Bayesian model are derived from hydrologically relevant morphological information from the Stream morphology map (DP4.00131.001) data product at stream sites or Bathymetric and morphological maps (DP4.00132.001) data product at lake and river sites and NEON geolocation database information. The parameters generated from the stage discharge rating curve are used to calculate Continuous discharge (DP4.00130.001).  For additional details, see the user guide and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/430j-f077
title: Water temperature and conductivity in lakes from subsurface moored array of sensors (DP1.20055.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains quality-controlled temperature and specific conductance data from sensors along a vertical profile in lakes.  At northern lake sites, the subsurface-mooring enables data collection beneath ice, thus providing year-round lake stratification data. At southern lake sites, the subsurface-mooring is deployed year-round to ensure water column coverage when the lake levels change.
description: NEON collects continuous subsurface-moored temperature and specific conductance from sensors at a location near the platform buoy. The data are reported as 30-minute instantaneous values. A co-located reference pressure transducer determines temperature and conductivity sensor depths. Lake sites also monitor temperatures at specific depths in surface water using a temperature chain hanging from the platform buoy (NEON.DP1.20264), however NEON suspends this data collection during ice-on periods to prevent infrastructure damage. Instrumentation: Onset HOBO U24-001 & In-Situ, Inc. - Level TROLL 400
DOI: 10.48443/vv8m-c567
title: Mosquito sequences DNA barcode (DP1.10038.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and QA results for NEON's cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding of mosquito sequences. The DNA barcoding procedure involves the removal of leg tissue from pinned specimens, extracting and sequencing DNA from the tissue, and matching that sequence data to sequences from previously identified voucher specimens. DNA analysis serves a number of purposes, including verification of taxonomy of specimens that do not receive expert identification, clarification of the taxonomy of rare or cryptic species, and characterization of diversity using molecular markers. For additional details on mosquito collection, see protocol [NEON.DOC.014049](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.014049vH): TOS Protocol and Procedure: Mosquito Sampling and science design [NEON.DOC.000908](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.NEON.DOC.000908vA): TOS Science Design for Terrestrial Microbial Diversity. Queries for this data product will return metadata tables formatted for submission to the Barcode of Life Database. These queries will also provide links to the actual sequence data, which are publicly available on the [Barcode of Life Data System](http://www.boldsystems.org/) (BOLD) website. The sequence data can be obtained by following the links from the NEON data portal, or by directly querying NEON data sets on the BOLD server. From the NEON portal, the link "BOLD Project: Mosquito sequences DNA barcode" redirects to a page on the BOLD public data portal for the queried data. This is a dynamic link and will automatically update based on the user query.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mos_BOLDcollectionData:  255

mos_BOLDspecimenDetails:  255

mos_BOLDtaxonomy:  255

mos_BOLDvoucherInfo:  255
description: Mosquito legs will be collected from up to 10 individuals per species per domain. These tissues will be preserved in an appropriate tissue vial and up to 95 tissue samples per domain will be shipped to an external lab. DNA will be extracted and target sequences amplified via PCR. Barcodes of cytochrome oxidase I will be generated per specimen. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/afws-4652
title: Soil heat flux plate (DP1.00040.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Soil heat flux is the amount of thermal energy that moves by conduction across an area of soil in a unit of time and usually expressed in Watts per square meter. This data product represents the soil heat flux at the locations of the heat flux plates below the soil surface. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values. Sensors were initially installed at ~8 cm deep at most sites and are in the process of being moved to ~5 cm deep.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The soil heat flux data product is available at all NEON TIS sites. At each site, soil heat flux sensors are distributed within three of the five soil plots within the TIS soil array. Instrumentation: Hukseflux HFP01SC: Self-Calibrating Heat Flux Sensor