cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0344
title: Al Richmond is released from jail, Dec. 10, 1951, Federal Building, downtown Los Angeles

description: Photograph of Al Richmond, executive editor of the Daily People's World, puts his arm on the shoulder of an unidentified woman upon his release from a Los Angeles jail. Richmond and 14 other members of the Communist Party were indicted under the Smith Act, which made it a federal crime to advocate the overthrow of any United States government by force or violence. Richmond was arrested in August 1951 and served 138 days in jail before the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ordered his release on bail.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0358
title: Protestors at a downtown demonstration, 1948, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of two unidentified men taking part in a demonstration in downtown Los Angeles; Los Angeles City Hall is visible behind the shorter building in the foreground. Demonstrators were marching in support of the New York 12, members of the National Committee of the Communist Party. On July 20, 1948, a federal grand jury indicted the 12 for conspiring to subvert the government. The indictment listed the acts of subversion as: organizing a political party dedicated to Marxism-Leninism; promoting Marxism-Leninism in publications; and establishing schools to teach the need to overthrow the government by force or violence. Eleven of the 12 were tried in the U.S. District Courthouse in Foley Square, New York City; all were convicted and sentenced to serve prison terms. Defendants appealed their convictions, but the U.S. Supreme Court in 1951 upheld the trial court's decision.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0335
title: Anne Shore presents a Christmas Card for the U.S. Attorney, Dec. 1948, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of Anne Shore, national executive secretary of the Civil Rights Congress, holding a greeting card and petition for U.S. Attorney James Carter. The petition, with a drawing of Santa Claus behind prison bars, urges Carter to dismiss charges "against victims of the Grand Jury Witch Hunt in L.A." In 1948, a federal grand jury in Los Angeles was investigating the Communist Party of Los Angeles. People called before the grand jury could name other members of the Communist Party, or they could refuse to testify; if they refused, they were cited for contempt and sent to jail. On Oct. 25, 1948, 10 individuals were subpoened at around 7 a.m. Eight of the 10 were called to testify before the grand jury at 10 a.m. that day. The 10 refused to answer any questions, citing their privilege against self-incrimination. Later that evening, a judge found the 10 people in contempt and ordered them imprisoned. The 10 were released after more than a week in jail, but were ordered to answer another round of questions. Another 11 people were called before the grand jury and subjected to the same treatment. The Civil Rights Congress and other defenders of civil liberties organized numerous protests to denounce legal proceedings against the "Los Angeles 21."
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0366
title: Red Caps employed by the Southern Pacific, circa 1921/1930, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of a group of Red Caps employed by the Southern Pacific. The redcaps carried passengers' baggage at railroad stations. This photo was taken at Central Station, located on Central Avenue in downtown Los Angeles. Central Station was a major railroad depot in the 1920s and 1930s, but was later abandoned when Union Station opened for business in 1939. The Red Caps are, from left to right: First row, Percy Bradshaw, George W. Jones, Edward Ringgold, Arthur Henderson, Frank S. Pierce, James Armstrong and Walter Hughes. Second row, Lafayette Rogers, Columbus B. Fulghum, Arnold Bankston, Sam W. Thompson, John Wilson, Fountain A. Brown (Head Red Cap), William H. Young, Robert Lindsey, Oliver Artis and Virgil Williams. Third row, Herbert Galloway, Charles Holmes, Octie C. Jones, Robert Lee Harrison, Thomas Long and Charles Benford. Fourth row, Alvin Spivey, Ernest S. Dixon, James Carothers, Clifford Palmer, James Boutte, Robert L. Beverly and William L. Downs.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0341
title: Carl Rudy Lambert is released from jail, Dec. 10, 1951, Federal Building, downtown Los Angeles

description: Photograph of Carl Rudy Lambert, a Communist Party organizer from Northern California, shaking hands with another man after he is released from jail. Lambert was among 15 Communist Party members who were indicted under the Smith Act, which made it a federal crime to advocate the overthrow of any United States government by force or violence. Lambert was arrested on August 1951 and served 138 days in jail before the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ordered his release on bail.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0367
title: Charlotta Bass talks to a group of workers, circa 1931/1940, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of Charlotta Bass, publisher of the California Eagle, meeting with a group of African-American workers.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0340
title: Ten members of the Los Angeles 21 and their attorney line-up in support of the First Amendment, Nov. 9, 1948, Embassy Auditorium, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of 10 members of the Los Angeles 21 standing behind a sign with the text of the First Amendment. The people in the lineup are, from left, attorney John McTernan and defendants Delphine Smith, Phil Bock, Miriam Sherman, Frank Alexander, Lillian Doran, Harry Daniels, Iris Noble, Ben Dobbs, Dorothy Forrest and Henry Steinberg. The photograph was taken at a rally in support of the defendants that was held in the Embassy Auditorium on Sunday, Nov. 9, 1948. Ten individuals were subponened by a federal grand jury on Oct. 25, 1948, and asked to discuss their activities in the Communist Party. People called before the grand jury could name other members of the Communist Party, or they could refuse to testify; if they refused, they were cited for contempt and sent to jail. The 10 refused to testify or to answer on the grounds of self-incrimination, and were sent to jail for contempt of court. Eventually, another 11 individuals were also called to testify; they also refused, were cited with contempt, and sentenced to jail. The Civil Rights Congress and other defenders of civil liberties organized protest rallies and waged a legal battle to release the Los Angeles 21 on bail.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0352
title: John McTernan holds Circuit Court opinion allowing his clients to be released on bail, Nov. 4, 1948, Hall of Justice, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of attorney John McTernan, second from right, holding an opinion from the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals which ordered the release of 10 prisoners who were jailed for refusing to answer questions posed by a federal grand jury. Three of the defendants are pictured with McTernan: Ben Dobbs, left, Harry Daniels, second from left, and Phil Bock, right. The 10 prisioners received subpoenas at around 7 a.m. on Oct. 25, 1948, ordering them to testify before a federal grand jury investigating the Communist Party of Los Angeles. The 10 refused to answer any questions, citing their privilege against self-incrimination. Later that evening, a judge found the 10 people in contempt and sentenced them to jail for an unlimited term without bail. The 10 were released after more than a week in jail, but were ordered to answer another round of questions. Another 11 people were called before the grand jury and subjected to the same treatment. The Civil Rights Congress and other defenders of civil liberties organized protest rallies and waged a legal battle to release the Los Angeles 21 on bail.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0359
title: Civil Rights Congress demonstrators march in support of the New York 12, 1948, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of demonstrators participating in a Civil Rights Congress-sponsored protest march in downtown Los Angeles. The woman in the foreground, holding the sign reading "Civil Rights Congress Defends Your Rights," is Anne Shore, national executive secretary of the Civil Rights Congress. The demonstrators are marching to denounce the Smith Act, and to support 12 Communists who were indicted under the Act. In 1948, a federal grand jury indicted the 12 for conspiring to subvert the government. The indictment listed the acts of subversion as: organizing a political party dedicated to Marxism-Leninism; promoting Marxism-Leninism in publications; and establishing schools to teach the need to overthrow the government by force or violence. Eleven of the 12 were tried in the U.S. District Courthouse in Foley Square, New York City; all were convicted and sentenced to serve prison terms. Defendants appealed their convictions, but the U.S. Supreme Court in 1951 upheld the trial court's decision.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0349
title: Group of citizens await the release of "Smith Act" 10 defendants, Dec. 1951, Federal Building, downtown Los Angeles

description: Photograph of a group of people at the downtown Federal Building awaiting the release of prisoners who were jailed for violating the Smith Act. Ben Margolis, a civil rights attorney, is in the crowd; he is second from the left, facing the man with a moustache in the center of the photograph. The Civil Rights Congress and other civil libertarians organized protests calling for the release of the prisoners on bail. The Smith Act made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of any United States government by force or violence. In 1951, 15 members of the Communist Party in California were indicted for violating the Smith Act and arrested in Los Angeles. After a lengthy legal battle, 12 prisoners were released in December 1951.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0356
title: Demonstrator attends march in support of New York 12, 1948, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of unidentified demonstrator taking part in a march in downtown Los Angeles. Los Angeles City Hall is partially visible on the right, behind another building. Demonstrators were marching in support of the New York 12, members of the National Committee of the Communist Party. On July 20, 1948, a federal grand jury indicted the 12 for conspiring to subvert the government. The indictment listed the acts of subversion as: organizing a political party dedicated to Marxism-Leninism; promoting Marxism-Leninism in publications; and establishing schools to teach the need to overthrow the government by force or violence. Eleven of the 12 were tried in the U.S. District Courthouse in Foley Square, New York City; all were convicted and sentenced to serve prison terms. Defendants appealed their convictions, but the U.S. Supreme Court in 1951 upheld the trial court's decision.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0360
title: Picket line, 1948, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of picketers, under the watchful eye of a policeman, marching in downtown Los Angeles in support of the New York 12. The 12 were members of the National Committee of the Communist Party who in 1948 were indicted for conspiring to subvert the government. The indictment listed the acts of subversion as: organizing a political party dedicated to Marxism-Leninism; promoting Marxism-Leninism in publications; and establishing schools to teach the need to overthrow the government by force or violence. Eleven of the 12 were tried in the U.S. District Courthouse in Foley Square, New York City; all were convicted and sentenced to serve prison terms. Defendants appealed their convictions, but the U.S. Supreme Court in 1951 upheld the trial court's decision.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0350
title: Los Angeles County sheriff opens a cell to release Ben Dobbs, Nov. 4, 1948, Hall of Justice, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of a Los Angeles County sheriff opening a cell to release Ben Dobbs from jail. Dobbs and nine other people received subpoenas at around 7 a.m. on Oct. 25, 1948, ordering them to testify before a federal grand jury investigating the Communist Party of Los Angeles. The 10 refused to answer any questions, citing their privilege against self-incrimination. Later that evening, a judge found the 10 people in contempt and sentenced them to jail for an unlimited term without bail. The 10 were released after more than a week in jail, but were ordered to answer another round of questions. Another 11 people were called before the grand jury and subjected to the same treatment. The Civil Rights Congress and other defenders of civil liberties organized protest rallies and waged a legal battle to release the Los Angeles 21 on bail.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0368
title: Picketers protest high grocery prices and inflation, circa 1947, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of picketers outside a grocery store calling for an end to high grocery costs and other inflationary prices. Each of the picketers holds a sign with the words "16th Cong. Dist. C.P. (Congressional District Communist Party) printed at the bottom. The man at the front of the line holds a sign with a picture of a hand holding a coffee cup, and the word "Inflation" written on the sleeve.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0353
title: Iris Noble and Delphine Smith are released from jail, Nov. 4, 1948, Hall of Justice, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of Iris Noble, left, and Delphine Murphy Smith, second from left, being released from jail. On Oct. 25, 1948, at 7 a.m., 10 people received subpoenas ordering them to testify before a federal grand jury investigating the Communist Party of Los Angeles. The 10 refused to answer any questions, citing their privilege against self-incrimination. Later that evening, a judge found the 10 people in contempt and sentenced them to jail for an unlimited term without bail. The 10 were released after more than a week in jail, but were ordered to answer another round of questions. Another 11 people were called before the grand jury and subjected to the same treatment. The Civil Rights Congress and other defenders of civil liberties organized protest rallies and waged a legal battle to release the Los Angeles 21 on bail.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0365
title: Support rally for Wesley Robert Wells, circa 1950, Los Angeles

description: Photograph of three women speaking on a Los Angeles street to garner support for Wesley Robert Wells, an African-American man on San Quentin's Death Row. By the time he was 42, Wells had served 22 years in prison, even though he was convicted of two minor crimes of auto theft. While serving a five-year term for auto theft in 1944, Wells got into a fight in prison, and was found guilty of possessng a knife. This charge increased his sentence by an additional five years to life. His situation worsened in 1947, when he threw a cuspidor at a guard. The guard was only slightly injured; the guard beat Wells unconscious. But under an obscure California ruling, a life-term prisoner who strikes a guard may be condemned to die. Prison authorities, who had charged Wells with 79 violations of prison rules, determined his life-term sentence enabled him to be executed, and sent him to Death Row. Wells' case drew the attention of civil libertarians, labor unions and concerned individuals. The Civil Rights Congress, Congress of Industrial Organizations and other supporters organized a campaign to prevent his execution. Organizers also initiated a drive to abolish the penal conditions which resulted in discriminationary treatment of African-American prisoners. Their efforts were successful, and Wells was saved from execution.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0516
title: Crowd photograph at sports  stadium, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: A crowd photograph of African-American youth  at an outdoor stadium.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0536
title: Group photograph featuring two  Egyptian Shriners, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Group photograph from a social event  featuring two Egyptian Shriners, an unidentified African-American woman, and a white male.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0528
title: Little Foxes Fashion Fiesta, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: A portrait of the Fashion Fiesta winner  receiving her prize.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0532
title: Group Tennis Photo, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: A group photograph of an African-American  tennis club - one male and fifteen females ranging in age from children to elderly.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0531
title: Birthday Boy, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Photograph of an unidentified African-American boy cutting birthday  cake.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0548
title: Card club tournament group  photograph, Los Angeles, 1961

description: Group photograph of 23 participants at card  tournament, March 4, 1961 Named but not identified in the photo; First Door Prize winner Mrs. Hazell Lewis, Second Prize winner John  Lewis.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0530
title: Group photograph featuring LAPD  captain, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Group photograph featuring an LAPD Captain  and two unidentified men.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0533
title: Group photo of Egyptian  Shriners, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: A group photograph of Egyptian  Shriners.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0525
title: Halloween Carnival, Los  Angeles, 1961

description: Attention is called to the forthcoming Halloween carnivals by youthful Denker  Playground patrons, left to right, first row, Ladonna Rice, 10 years old, and Yolanda Rice, 9; second row, Robert Cathcart, 11,  left, and Walter Hobbs, 10, right; and back row, Denise Thomas, 11, left, and Sheila Dabney, 10,  right.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0524
title: Woodcraft Ranger, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Photograph of a young African-American  Woodcraft Ranger receiving a "peace pipe" from a well dressed Caucasian man.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0534
title: Three African-American children in their Easter best, Los  Angeles, ca. 1951-960

description: Three African-American children in their Easter best. Vida Ann - 11 months old, Ronnie  - age 3s, and Estella age 2.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0549
title: Golf tournament champions, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Group photograph of mixed race (African- American/Caucasian) golf tournament winners.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0551
title: Youth Boxer, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Reproduction of a photograph of a young African-American boxer and his  trainers.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0521
title: Golden State Mutual little  league team, Los Angeles, 1961

description: Team photograph of the 1961 Crenshaw little  league team sponsored by Golden State Mutual.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0540
title: Youth sporting champions, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Outdoor photograph of a mixed-race (African -American/Caucasian) youth sports team. All of the youth are holding trophies, for what sport it is  unclear.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0545
title: Social club dinner, Los Angeles, 1960

description: Group photograph of a dinner for a social  club, November 29, 1960
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0535
title: Group photograph featuring an  Egyptian Shriner, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Group photograph featuring an Egyptian  Shriner and two unidentified white males.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0546
title: Real Estate agents, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Photograph of an African-American man and  woman, accompanied by a Caucasian man. The trio are posing with a sign for Travis T. Lott real  estate.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0520
title: NAACP registration station, Los Angeles, 1961

description: An African-American man and woman assisting  another African-American man at a membership station for the NAACP, March 17, 1961
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0527
title: Portrait of Vernetta Mitchell  and Robbie Lee Preston, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: THRILLING RECITAL - Vernetta Mitchell and  Robbie Lee Preston will apear in a duo-recital at Victory Baptist Church, 4802 McKinley Ave. Sunday, Nov. 6 at 3:330pm. The recital  is being sponsored by the Pastor's Aid Club of which Mrs. Annie B. Buggs is president, Fannie E. Benjamin will accompany the  singers.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0522
title: Ross Snyder Recreation Center  Junior Basketball Team, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Ross Snyder Recreation Center - Junior team.  Front row: Robert L. Cook, Recreation Director and Coach; Wayne Russell, Steven Young, Lawrence Wrice, Arthur Collier, Willard  Freeman. Back row: Arthur Alvarez, Coach; Lorenzo Marshall, Otis Colvin, David Rose, Leroy Miller, Stan Pintarell, Special Events  Director.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0526
title: Y-Teen Conference, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: A photograph from the Y-Teen Conference. Left  - Kathy Hewitt, Right - Margaret Long.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0539
title: Man and woman in record store, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Portrait of an African-American man and  woman posing in a record store. Several jazz records prominently featured on the shelves.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0542
title: Group photo of elderly women, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Group photograph of nine elderly African- American women.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0529
title: African-American man in custody  of police, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Photograph of an unidentified African- American male in the custody of two white police officers.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0518
title: African American women at  reception desk, Los Angeles, ca. 1961-1960

description: Taking reservations at reception desk.  Seated: Mrs. Billy H. Mills. Standing (from left to right): Mrs. Carl Earles, Mrs. H. Clay Jacke, Mrs. Roosevelt Robinson, Mrs.  David cunningham.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0519
title: NAACP endorsement photograph, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: A group photograph of twenty-two  professionally dressed African American men standing on steps holding signs reading " Register Now! NAACP A voteless people is a  hopeless people."
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0538
title: Students in class, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Photograph of several students filling out  cards in a classroom. An African-American male is the center of the photograph, surrounded by white students all at their  desks.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0547
title: Card club tournament, Los Angeles, 1961

description: Card club tournament. Featured in the  photograph; Left to Right: Pres. W.H. Chalmers, Vice Pres. Reginal Holmes, Right to Left: Asst. Srgt at Arms Joe Hoodon, Treasurer  W.C. Green, Center: Sec. Enola Chalmers, Lila Middlton, Other Members: H.C. Jameson, Beulah Sanders, Trophy Winners: First Prize  (center) Edmund Middleton, Second Prize Lee A. Hart, Third Prize Mr. And Mrs. J.B. Adams
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0517
title: Gilbert Lindsay receiving  award, Los Angeles, 1959

description: State Wide Rally, Sunday, July 12, 1959 -  Hamilton Methodist Church - Gilbert Lindsay receiving a plaque for outstanding community service, from Mrs. Ferrol Starks, President  of the National Council of Negro Women. Part of the AC. Bilbrew Extravanganza.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0543
title: Crowd photograph, Los Angeles, circa 1951-1960

description: Photograph of a predominately African- American crowd seated in an indoor auditorium.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0523
title: Ross Snyder Recreation Center  Senior Basketball Team, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Ross Snyder Recreation Center - Senior Team.  Back row: Arthur Alvarez, Coach; Julius Branch, John Washington, Floyd La Vergne, Londell Pope, Billy Mills, Coach. Front row:  Robert L. Cook, Recreation Director and Coach, John Paul Jones, David Ephraim, Donald Hambrick, Emanuel Gary, Edward Tucker,  Captain.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0544
title: Night Club, Los  Angeles, 1962

description: A photograph of a night club featuring; nine girls dressed in a western motif, band  members, and tenth woman dressed slightly more formally receiving a trophy, May 1962
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0537
title: Women being presented radios, Los Angeles, ca. 19951-1960

description: Photograph of three women being presented  radios by an elderly gentleman.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0550
title: Bowling tournament champions, Los Angeles(?), ca. 1951-960

description: Photograph of African-American male and  female bowling tournament winners, and two other unidentified men.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0541
title: Women distributing toys, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Photograph of two African-American women  passing out toys to children of mixed races.
DOI: 10.25549/scl-m0647
title: Mitchell MacKinzie, Los Angeles, ca. 1951-1960

description: Portrait of a young African-American boy  identified as Mitchell MacKinzie