cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6fb76
title: Data from: Task-switching is associated with temporal delays in Temnothorax rugatulus ants

description: The major evolutionary transitions often result in reorganization of
 biological systems, and a component of such reorganization is that
 individuals within the system specialize on performing certain tasks,
 resulting in a division of labor. Although the traditional benefit of
 division of labor is thought to be a gain in work efficiency, one
 alternative benefit of specialization is avoiding temporal delays
 associated with switching tasks. While models have demonstrated that costs
 of task switching can drive the evolution of division of labor, little
 empirical support exists for this hypothesis. We tested whether there were
 task-switching costs in Temnothorax rugatulus. We recorded the behavior of
 every individual in 44 colonies and used this dataset to identify each
 instance where an individual performed a task, spent time in the interval
 (i.e., inactive, wandering inside, and self-grooming), and then performed
 a task again. We compared the interval time where an individual switched
 task type between that first and second bout of work to instances where an
 individual performed the same type of work in both bouts. In certain
 cases, we find that the interval time was significantly shorter if
 individuals repeated the same task. We find this time cost for switching
 to a new behavior in all active worker groups, that is, independently of
 worker specialization. These results suggest that task-switching costs may
 select for behavioral specialization.
description: IntervalTimeAndAssociatedDataList of task repetitions and task switches with associated data.TaskSwitchCountsCount of times an individual switched tasksTaskStayCountsNumber of times an individual repeated tasksScriptToCallTaskSwitchesR script used to identify and pull out instances where individuals either repeated a behavior or switched to a new behavior.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gh81t
title: Data from: Ant–caterpillar antagonism at the community level: interhabitat variation of tritrophic interactions in a neotropical savanna

description: 1. Ant foraging on foliage can substantially affect how phytophagous
 insects use host plants and represents a high predation risk for
 caterpillars, which are important folivores. Ant–plant–herbivore
 interactions are especially pervasive in cerrado savanna due to continuous
 ant visitation to liquid food sources on foliage (extrafloral nectaries,
 insect honeydew). While searching for liquid rewards on plants, aggressive
 ants frequently attack or kill insect herbivores, decreasing their
 numbers. Because ants vary in diet and aggressiveness, their effect on
 herbivores also varies. Additionally, the differential occurrence of ant
 attractants (plant and insect exudates) on foliage produces variable
 levels of ant foraging within local floras and among localities. Here, we
 investigate how variation of ant communities and of traits among host
 plant species (presence or absence of ant attractants) can change the
 effect of carnivores (predatory ants) on herbivore communities
 (caterpillars) in a cerrado savanna landscape. We sampled caterpillars and
 foliage-foraging ants in four cerrado localities (70–460 km apart). We
 found that: (i) caterpillar infestation was negatively related with ant
 visitation to plants; (ii) this relationship depended on local ant
 abundance and species composition, and on local preference by ants for
 plants with liquid attractants; (iii) this was not related to local plant
 richness or plant size; (iv) the relationship between the presence of ant
 attractants and caterpillar abundance varied among sites from negative to
 neutral; and (v) caterpillars feeding on plants with ant attractants are
 more resistant to ant predation than those feeding on plants lacking
 attractants. Liquid food on foliage mediates host plant quality for
 lepidopterans by promoting generalized ant–caterpillar antagonism. Our
 study in cerrado shows that the negative effects of generalist predatory
 ants on herbivores are detectable at a community level, affecting patterns
 of abundance and host plant use by lepidopterans. The magnitude of
 ant-induced effects on caterpillar occurrence across the cerrado landscape
 may depend on how ants use plants locally and how they respond to liquid
 food on plants at different habitats. This study enhances the relevance of
 plant–ant and ant–herbivore interactions in cerrado and highlights the
 importance of a tritrophic perspective in this ant-rich environment.
description: Ant-plant-caterpillar
 interactionsData on ant visitation
 and presence of lepidopteran larvae on cerrado plants from four localities
 in southeastern Brazil. Samplings were performed during February-April
 2009.Sendoya & Oliveira-submited
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r706v
title: Data from: Assortative mating in animals

description: Assortative mating occurs when there is a correlation (positive or
 negative) between male and female phenotypes or genotypes across mated
 pairs. To determine the typical strength and direction of assortative
 mating in animals, we carried out a meta-analysis of published measures of
 assortative mating for a variety of phenotypic and genotypic traits in a
 diverse set of animal taxa. We focused on the strength of assortment
 within populations, excluding reproductively isolated populations and
 species. We collected 1,116 published correlations between mated pairs
 from 254 species (360 unique species-trait combinations) in five phyla.
 The mean correlation between mates was 0.28, showing an overall tendency
 toward positive assortative mating within populations. Although 19% of the
 correlations were negative, simulations suggest that these could represent
 type I error and that negative assortative mating may be rare. We also
 find significant differences in the strength of assortment among major
 taxonomic groups and among trait categories. We discuss various possible
 reasons for the evolution of assortative mating and its implications for
 speciation.
description: Database of assortative
 mating in animalsThis database contains
 1116 measurements of the strength of assortative mating from 254 species
 in five phyla collected from 269 publications.References for
 meta-analysisLiterature cited for
 meta-analysis database (Database of assortative mating in
 animals)Database of assortative mating
 in animals_literature cited.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rc02140
title: Data from: Sex-dependent effects of 2,2′,3,5′,6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) on dendritic arborization of primary mouse neurons

description: Early life exposures to environmental contaminants are implicated in the
 pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These disorders
 often display sex biases, but whether environmental neurotoxicants act in
 a sex-dependent manner to modify neurodevelopment is largely unknown.
 Since altered dendritic morphology is associated with many NDDs, we tested
 the hypothesis that male and female primary mouse neurons are
 differentially susceptible to the dendrite promoting activity of
 2,2′,3,5′,6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95). Hippocampal and cortical
 neuron-glia co-cultures were exposed to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PCB 95 (100
 fM - 1 μM) from day in vitro 7-9. As determined by Sholl analysis, PCB 95
 enhanced dendritic growth in female but not male hippocampal and cortical
 neurons. In contrast, both male and female neurons responded to
 bicuculline with increased dendritic complexity. Detailed morphometric
 analyses confirmed that PCB 95 effects on the number and length of primary
 and non-primary dendrites varied depending on sex, brain region and PCB
 concentration, and that female neurons responded more consistently with
 increased dendritic growth and at lower concentrations of PCB 95 than
 their male counterparts. Exposure to PCB 95 did not alter cell viability
 or the ratio of neurons to glia in cultures of either sex. These results
 demonstrate that cultured female mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons
 are more sensitive than male neurons to the dendrite promoting activity of
 PCB 95, and suggest that mechanisms underlying PCB 95-induced dendritic
 growth are sex-dependent. These data highlight the importance of sex in
 neuronal responses to environmental neurotoxicants.
description: NeuronGliaRatioFig.5-6LDHLiveDeadFig.7AUCPeakXYBicucullineFig.8PeakXYAUCFig.1-2DendriteNumberMeanLengthFig.3-4
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18381769
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Louis Hyacinthe Boivin, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2382236. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2382236
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m5r3n
title: Data from: Spatiotemporal patterns of duck nest density and predation risk: a multi-scale analysis of 18 years and more than 10 000 nests

description: Many avian species are behaviorally-plastic in selecting nest sites, and
 may shift to new locations or habitats following an unsuccessful breeding
 attempt. If there is predictable spatial variation in predation risk, the
 process of many individuals using prior experience to adaptively change
 nest sites may scale up to create shifting patterns of nest density at a
 population level. We used 18 years of waterfowl nesting data to assess
 whether there were areas of consistently high or low predation risk, and
 whether low-risk areas increased, and high-risk areas decreased in nest
 density the following year. We created kernel density maps of successful
 and unsuccessful nests in consecutive years and found no correlation in
 predation risk and no evidence for adaptive shifts, although nest density
 was correlated between years. We also examined between-year correlations
 in nest density and nest success at three smaller spatial scales:
 individual nesting fields (10–28 ha), 16-ha grid cells and 4-ha grid
 cells. Here, results were similar across all scales: we found no evidence
 for year-to-year correlation in nest success but found strong evidence
 that nest density was correlated between years, and areas of high nest
 success increased in nest density the following year. Prior research in
 this system has demonstrated that areas of high nest density have higher
 nest success, and taken together, our results suggest that ducks may
 adaptively select nest sites based on the local density of conspecifics,
 rather than the physical location of last year's nest. In
 unpredictable environments, current cues, such as the presence of active
 conspecific nests, may be especially useful in selecting nest sites. The
 cues birds use to select breeding locations and successfully avoid
 predators deserve continued attention, especially in systems of
 conservation concern.
description: Ringelman et al. 2016
 Oikos dataThese are the data files
 used in the analysis. There are four sheets: one each for the kernel
 overlap, field-level correlation, 400m grid cell correlation, and 200m
 grid-cell correlation analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3g7n2
title: Data from: An aquatic vertebrate can use amino acids from environmental water

description: Conventional food-web theory assumes that nutrients from dissolved organic
 matter are transferred to aquatic vertebrates via long nutrient pathways
 involving multiple eukaryotic species as intermediary nutrient
 transporters. Here, using larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus as
 a model system, we provide experimental evidence of a shortcut nutrient
 pathway by showing that H. retardatus larvae can use dissolved amino acids
 for their growth without eukaryotic mediation. First, to explore which
 amino acids can promote larval growth, we kept individual salamander
 larvae in one of eight different high-concentration amino acid solutions,
 or in control water from which all other eukaryotic organisms had been
 removed. We thus identified five amino acids (lysine, threonine, serine,
 phenylalanine, and tyrosine) as having the potential to promote larval
 growth. Next, using 15N-labelled amino acid solutions, we demonstrated
 that nitrogen from dissolved amino acids was found in larval tissues.
 These results suggest that salamander larvae can take up dissolved amino
 acids from environmental water to use as an energy source or a
 growth-promoting factor. Thus, aquatic vertebrates as well as aquatic
 invertebrates may be able to use dissolved organic matter as a nutrient
 source.
description: Uptake of DON by a
 vertebrate by Katayama et alKatayama_et_al.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.38cj7
title: Data from: Lack of parallel genetic patterns underlying the repeated ecological divergence of beach and stream spawning kokanee salmon

description: Recent progress in methods for detecting adaptive population divergence in
 situ shows promise for elucidating the conditions under which selection
 acts to generate intraspecific diversity. Rapid ecological diversification
 is common in fishes, however, the role of phenotypic plasticity and
 adaptation to local environments is poorly understood. It is now possible
 to investigate genetic patterns to make inferences regarding phenotypic
 traits under selection and possible mechanisms underlying ecotype
 divergence, particularly where similar novel phenotypes have arisen in
 multiple independent populations. Here, we employed a bottom-up approach
 to test for signatures of directional selection associated with divergence
 of beach- and stream-spawning kokanee, the obligate freshwater form of
 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Beach- and stream-spawners co-exist
 in many post-glacial lakes and exhibit distinct reproductive behaviors,
 life-history traits and spawning habitat preferences. Replicate ecotype
 pairs across five lakes in British Columbia, Canada were genotyped at 57
 expressed sequence tag-linked and anonymous microsatellite loci identified
 in a previous genome scan. Fifteen loci exhibited signatures of
 directional selection (high FST outliers), four of which were identified
 in multiple lakes. However, the lack of parallel genetic patterns across
 all lakes may be a result of: 1) an inability to detect loci truly under
 selection; 2) alternative genetic pathways underlying ecotype divergence
 in this system; and/or 3) phenotypic plasticity playing a formative role
 in driving kokanee spawning habitat differences. Gene annotations for
 detected outliers suggest pathogen resistance and energy metabolism as
 potential mechanisms contributing to the divergence of beach- and
 stream-spawning kokanee, but further study is required.
description: Microsatellite genotypic
 data for 10 populations at 50 lociGenAlEx format within a
 Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Sampling localities, sample sizes, ecotype
 and locus information explicitly noted in the file.Frazer_Russello_JEB_DRYAD.xls
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17535060
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Gunnar Vilhelm Täckholm, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6217824. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6217824
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18381776
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Gunnar Vilhelm Täckholm, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6217824. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6217824
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.416
title: Data from: Contrasting selection pressures on components of the Ras-mediated signal transduction pathway in Drosophila

description: The molecular genetics of several signal transduction pathways is well
 characterized, providing an opportunity to address the nature of the
 population genetic forces acting on functionally related suites of
 pleiotropic regulatory genes. Signal transduction is the process by which
 signals are transmitted from the cell surface to the nucleus or other
 cellular structures. It plays a fundamental role in regulating a wide
 range of developmental and physiological processes, many of which are
 likely to be subject to buffering mechanisms. Here we infer that
 contrasting selection pressures act on six components of the Ras signal
 transduction pathway by comparing sequences obtained from 25 alleles of
 Drosophila melanogaster with one allele of the sibling species D.
 simulans. The three most upstream components of the cascade, Ras, Drk and
 polehole, experience strong purifying selection, as they show no fixed
 amino acid differences between the species and just a handful of rare
 replacement polymorphisms within D. melanogaster. This portion of the
 pathway is likely to act as a control point in signal transduction,
 because the more downstream components Dsor1, corkscrew and Ksr, each show
 several amino acid replacements between the species. Furthermore, Ksr is
 nearly monomorphic within D. melanogaster, and application of the HKA and
 McDonald and Kreitman tests indicate that this gene may have experienced a
 recent selective sweep, suggesting that modifiers of Ras kinase signalling
 are the most likely source of quantitative variation associated with this
 core regulatory pathway.
description: CswCDNA Polymorphism Nexus
 filesDrkCDSorCPhCKsrCRasAllCPrimers
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jn07n
title: Data from: Phylogenetics of the African Asclepias complex (Apocynaceae) based on three plastid DNA regions

description: We infer phylogenetic relationships and test the monophyly of genera of
 the African Asclepias complex with three non-coding plastid DNA regions,
 rpl16 intron, trnC-rpoB spacer, and trnS-G spacer/trnG intron. We find
 that Asclepias (Trachycalymma) pseudofimbriata forms a polytomy with a
 clade of all other sampled African species of Asclepias s. l. and a clade
 of the American Asclepias s. s. Asclepias s. l. and the African species
 classified in Asclepias are both paraphyletic groups since segregate
 genera are all nested among species of African Asclepias. Most segregate
 genera are not monophyletic, i.e. Gomphocarpus, Pachycarpus,
 Stathmostelma, Xysmalobium, Schizoglossum, and Aspidoglossum; however,
 Glossostelma is monophyletic. Due in part to low levels of divergence in
 the sampled plastid markers, the approximately unbiased test did not
 reject the monophyly of the African species of Asclepias nor the segregate
 African genera, although the monophyly of Asclepias circumscribed to
 include American and African species but excluding currently recognized
 genera was rejected. Based on the results of this study, the species
 comprising the African Asclepias complex cannot be readily partitioned
 into monophyletic genera.
description: Multilocus DNA sequence
 alignmentConcatenated plastid
 trnS-trnG/trn intron, trnC-rpoB, and rpl16 intron sequences of 86 African
 Asclepias and outgroup samples.Chuba9Nov15.data.nex
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fq18cd1
title: Data from: Morphological and genetic divergence between two lineages of Magnolia salicifolia (Magnoliaceae) in Japan

description: Uncovering how populations of a species differ genetically and
 ecologically is important for understanding evolutionary processes. We
 investigated genetic structure using nuclear microsatellites and
 chloroplast DNA sequences and geographical variation in leaf morphological
 traits among Magnolia salicifolia populations across its entire species
 range. Two distinct lineages, northern and southern lineages, were
 genetically detected and both lineages had substructure among populations.
 The width/length ratio and area of leaves showed latitudinal gradients,
 while the position of the maximum leaf width exhibited a discontinuous
 change between the lineages. Approximate Bayesian computation detected
 exponential population growth and stable population size from the past to
 the present in the northern and southern lineages, respectively. Small
 amounts of migrations between the lineages were inferred. Divergence time
 between the lineages was estimated to be the early to middle Pleistocene.
 Ecological niche modeling showed single large potential distribution area
 on the Sea of Japan side and multiple intermittent ones on the Pacific
 Ocean side during the last glacial maximum. We suggest that these distinct
 evolutionary histories of the northern and southern lineages after
 diversification have influenced not only neutral markers but also genes
 controlling leaf morphological traits.
description: Data from: Morphological
 and genetic divergence between two lineages of <i>Magnolia
 salicifolia</i> (Magnoliaceae) in Japandata_and_scrips_MSA180824.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf7r3
title: Data from: Repeated losses of PRDM9-directed recombination despite the conservation of PRDM9 across vertebrates

description: Studies of highly diverged species have revealed two mechanisms by which
 meiotic recombination is directed to the genome—through PRDM9 binding or
 by targeting promoter-like features—that lead to dramatically different
 evolutionary dynamics of hotspots. Here, we identify PRDM9 orthologs from
 genome and transcriptome data in 225 species. We find the complete PRDM9
 ortholog across distantly related vertebrates but, despite this broad
 conservation, infer a minimum of six partial and three complete losses.
 Strikingly, taxa carrying the complete ortholog of PRDM9 are precisely
 those with rapid evolution of its predicted binding affinity, suggesting
 that all domains are necessary for directing recombination. Indeed, as we
 show, swordtail fish carrying only a partial but conserved ortholog share
 recombination properties with PRDM9 knock-outs.
description: Amino acid alignment of
 PRDM9 SET domainsSET.exten.aa.aln.fa