cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7452239.v1
title: Combination therapy with liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome), n-methylglucamine antimoniate (glucantime), and pentamidine isethionate in a refractory visceral leishmaniasis case

description: Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic disease that is potentially severe and endemic in Brazil. It clinically manifests as fever, weight loss, swelling, hepatosplenomegaly, paleness, and edema. In this study, we discuss a case of a 1-year-old child diagnosed with refractory visceral leishmaniasis after being treated with liposomal amphotericin B in two distinct occasions. Considering the persistent clinical features and weak response to conventional treatment, a combination therapy with liposomal amphotericin B (ambisome), n-methylglucamine antimoniate (glucantime), and pentamidine isethionate was initiated, and response to treatment was good.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7452245
title: Atrial fibrillation in acute Chagas disease acquired via oral transmission: a case report

description: Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of supraventricular arrhythmia increases the risk of thromboembolism. Chagas disease has been reported in the Brazilian Amazon region over approximately 20 years. Cardiac abnormalities are recorded in at least 50% of patients and among these, 3.3% develop AF. We describe a case of a 41-year-old man from Muaná, Pará State, who reported a 30-day history of a febrile illness. Acute Chagas disease was confirmed, and an electrocardiogram revealed AF. He was treated with antiparasitic and anti-arrhythmic drugs, beta blockers, and anticoagulants. Reversion to sinus rhythm was observed at his 9-month follow-up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7452245.v1
title: Atrial fibrillation in acute Chagas disease acquired via oral transmission: a case report

description: Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of supraventricular arrhythmia increases the risk of thromboembolism. Chagas disease has been reported in the Brazilian Amazon region over approximately 20 years. Cardiac abnormalities are recorded in at least 50% of patients and among these, 3.3% develop AF. We describe a case of a 41-year-old man from Muaná, Pará State, who reported a 30-day history of a febrile illness. Acute Chagas disease was confirmed, and an electrocardiogram revealed AF. He was treated with antiparasitic and anti-arrhythmic drugs, beta blockers, and anticoagulants. Reversion to sinus rhythm was observed at his 9-month follow-up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992591
title: Epidemiology of human visceral leishmaniasis in the urban centers of the lower-middle São Francisco Valley, Brazilian semiarid region

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. VL is present in countries with tropical climates, being endemic in Brazil,, including the region of the lower-middle São Francisco Valley which includes the urban centers of Petrolina (Pernambuco state) and Juazeiro (Bahia state). METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study analyzed secondary data obtained from the mandatory visceral leishmaniasis notification forms of the Ministry of Health, which were compiled in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) database. We analyzed 181 autochthonous cases reported in the two aforementioned cities between 2010 and 2016. Data collection occurred in June 2017. RESULTS: Of the 181 VL cases in the study area, 40.9% (n=74) occurred in Juazeiro and 59.1% (n=107) occurred in Petrolina. The average numbers of cases per year were 9.5 in Juazeiro and 14 in Petrolina; respectively, the incidence ranges were 2-8.6 cases and 2.8-6.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Fever, weakness, weight loss, and pallor were the most commonly observed clinical manifestations. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was observed in 16.8% and 5.4% of cases in Petrolina and Juazeiro, respectively. The lethality rates were 2.8% and 5.4% in Petrolina and Juazeiro, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both cities had a high incidence of VL during the studied period. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of VL during recent years and may help to direct regional disease control measures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992591.v1
title: Epidemiology of human visceral leishmaniasis in the urban centers of the lower-middle São Francisco Valley, Brazilian semiarid region

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. VL is present in countries with tropical climates, being endemic in Brazil,, including the region of the lower-middle São Francisco Valley which includes the urban centers of Petrolina (Pernambuco state) and Juazeiro (Bahia state). METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study analyzed secondary data obtained from the mandatory visceral leishmaniasis notification forms of the Ministry of Health, which were compiled in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) database. We analyzed 181 autochthonous cases reported in the two aforementioned cities between 2010 and 2016. Data collection occurred in June 2017. RESULTS: Of the 181 VL cases in the study area, 40.9% (n=74) occurred in Juazeiro and 59.1% (n=107) occurred in Petrolina. The average numbers of cases per year were 9.5 in Juazeiro and 14 in Petrolina; respectively, the incidence ranges were 2-8.6 cases and 2.8-6.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Fever, weakness, weight loss, and pallor were the most commonly observed clinical manifestations. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was observed in 16.8% and 5.4% of cases in Petrolina and Juazeiro, respectively. The lethality rates were 2.8% and 5.4% in Petrolina and Juazeiro, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both cities had a high incidence of VL during the studied period. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of VL during recent years and may help to direct regional disease control measures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992513
title: Predictive factors for disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients with fever admitted to a reference hospital in Brazil

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: In many settings, the lack of sensitive biomarkers of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) leads to a clinical reliance on older diagnostic methods and delayed treatment initiation. The early recognition of DH is critical for survival, especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory findings associated with the definitive diagnosis of DH in low-income HIV patients in endemic areas. METHODS: Febrile AIDS patients with suspected DH who were admitted to a reference hospital in northeastern Brazil from January 2006 to January 2007 were evaluated for clinical and laboratory findings associated with DH diagnosis. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen patients with fever were included, and 48 (41%) cases of DH were determined by Histoplasma capsulatum identification. A higher fever (≥38.5ºC), maculopapular/papular rash, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, wheezing, hemoglobin ≤9.5g/dL, platelets ≤80,000/µL, CD4 count ≤75/µL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level ≥2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥5times the ULN; and international normalized ratio (INR) &gt;2 times the ULN were significantly associated with DH. A multivariable analysis identified hepatomegaly [adjusted (a) prevalence ratio (PR)= 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-3.16), CD4 count ≤75/µL (aPR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.06-3.83), LDH ≥5 times the ULN (aPR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.44-3.48), and maculopapular/papular rash (aPR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.02-2.83) were independent risk factors for DH. CONCLUSIONS: These easily assessed parameters can facilitate clinical decision-making for febrile AIDS patients with suspected DH in low socioeconomic and Histoplasma-endemic regions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992513.v1
title: Predictive factors for disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients with fever admitted to a reference hospital in Brazil

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: In many settings, the lack of sensitive biomarkers of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) leads to a clinical reliance on older diagnostic methods and delayed treatment initiation. The early recognition of DH is critical for survival, especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory findings associated with the definitive diagnosis of DH in low-income HIV patients in endemic areas. METHODS: Febrile AIDS patients with suspected DH who were admitted to a reference hospital in northeastern Brazil from January 2006 to January 2007 were evaluated for clinical and laboratory findings associated with DH diagnosis. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen patients with fever were included, and 48 (41%) cases of DH were determined by Histoplasma capsulatum identification. A higher fever (≥38.5ºC), maculopapular/papular rash, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, wheezing, hemoglobin ≤9.5g/dL, platelets ≤80,000/µL, CD4 count ≤75/µL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level ≥2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥5times the ULN; and international normalized ratio (INR) &gt;2 times the ULN were significantly associated with DH. A multivariable analysis identified hepatomegaly [adjusted (a) prevalence ratio (PR)= 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-3.16), CD4 count ≤75/µL (aPR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.06-3.83), LDH ≥5 times the ULN (aPR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.44-3.48), and maculopapular/papular rash (aPR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.02-2.83) were independent risk factors for DH. CONCLUSIONS: These easily assessed parameters can facilitate clinical decision-making for febrile AIDS patients with suspected DH in low socioeconomic and Histoplasma-endemic regions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6991517
title: Anti-serum validation for use in immunohistochemistry for Trypanosoma cruzi detection

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: The detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in tissue samples is important in many situations, such as testing of the reactivation of the infection. The detection of T. cruzi nests in endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) may be useful to evaluate graft rejection. Given their scarcity, such nests are not routinely identified. To increase the diagnosis sensitivity, immunohistochemistry (IHC) may serve as a promising strategy. Here, we validate an antiserum for the detection of T. cruzi infection by IHC. METHODS: We used 1) positive controls (PCs) - 13 EMB, 12 skin biopsies, and 1 heart with T. cruzi nests as sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE); 2) negative controls - a) 10 explant hearts and 10 EMB with no amastigote nests or clinical/laboratory signs of chagasic infection; and b) eight samples with leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, or histoplasmosis; and 3) Cases - 31 EMB of chagasic patients with no parasite nests in HE sections but detected positive for T. cruzi DNA by polymerase chain reaction. As a primary antibody, a hyperimmune serum from T. cruzi-infected rabbits was used. RESULTS: IHC results were positive for 21 of 26 PCs (80.8%) and one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In 4 of 31 cases, IHC revealed nests (12.9%), which were undetected by conventional histological examination. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IHC with the tested antiserum increases the sensitivity of the diagnosis and may be recommended for routine use in EMB analyses of cardiac transplant patients with Chagas disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6991517.v1
title: Anti-serum validation for use in immunohistochemistry for Trypanosoma cruzi detection

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: The detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in tissue samples is important in many situations, such as testing of the reactivation of the infection. The detection of T. cruzi nests in endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) may be useful to evaluate graft rejection. Given their scarcity, such nests are not routinely identified. To increase the diagnosis sensitivity, immunohistochemistry (IHC) may serve as a promising strategy. Here, we validate an antiserum for the detection of T. cruzi infection by IHC. METHODS: We used 1) positive controls (PCs) - 13 EMB, 12 skin biopsies, and 1 heart with T. cruzi nests as sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE); 2) negative controls - a) 10 explant hearts and 10 EMB with no amastigote nests or clinical/laboratory signs of chagasic infection; and b) eight samples with leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, or histoplasmosis; and 3) Cases - 31 EMB of chagasic patients with no parasite nests in HE sections but detected positive for T. cruzi DNA by polymerase chain reaction. As a primary antibody, a hyperimmune serum from T. cruzi-infected rabbits was used. RESULTS: IHC results were positive for 21 of 26 PCs (80.8%) and one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In 4 of 31 cases, IHC revealed nests (12.9%), which were undetected by conventional histological examination. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IHC with the tested antiserum increases the sensitivity of the diagnosis and may be recommended for routine use in EMB analyses of cardiac transplant patients with Chagas disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6991463
title: Dengue seroprevalence and its socioeconomic determinants in Faisalabad, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic disparities in the community make some groups more vulnerable to dengue infection. METHODS: Fourteen dengue cases (IgM positive) served as index cases for the positive geographic cluster investigations. RESULTS: Of 292 individuals, the overall dengue seroprevalence was 22.9% (IgM positive 4.8%; IgG positive 18.1%). The highest (45%) seroprevalence was reported in the most socioeconomically vulnerable lower class, followed by the middle class (39%). Orthogonal comparisons showed that socioeconomic factors play a significant role in the prevalence of dengue. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated approach is required to control the menace through vector control strategies and improvement of socioeconomic conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6991463.v1
title: Dengue seroprevalence and its socioeconomic determinants in Faisalabad, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic disparities in the community make some groups more vulnerable to dengue infection. METHODS: Fourteen dengue cases (IgM positive) served as index cases for the positive geographic cluster investigations. RESULTS: Of 292 individuals, the overall dengue seroprevalence was 22.9% (IgM positive 4.8%; IgG positive 18.1%). The highest (45%) seroprevalence was reported in the most socioeconomically vulnerable lower class, followed by the middle class (39%). Orthogonal comparisons showed that socioeconomic factors play a significant role in the prevalence of dengue. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated approach is required to control the menace through vector control strategies and improvement of socioeconomic conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992393
title: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in the State of Pará, Brazil

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION This study reports the genotype prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Pará, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 344 plasma samples sent to the Lacen-Pará for diagnostics by molecular techniques. RESULTS: HCV genotypes identified in the different regions of Pará were 1b (47.7%), 3 (23.3%), 1a (18%), and 2 (4.4%). Genotype 1 occurred in 41.6% of men and 30.8% of women in the 18-86-year-old group. CONCLUSIONS: Genotype 1 is the most predominant in Pará, which reinforces the idea of its relationship with late-diagnosed chronic infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992393.v1
title: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in the State of Pará, Brazil

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION This study reports the genotype prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Pará, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 344 plasma samples sent to the Lacen-Pará for diagnostics by molecular techniques. RESULTS: HCV genotypes identified in the different regions of Pará were 1b (47.7%), 3 (23.3%), 1a (18%), and 2 (4.4%). Genotype 1 occurred in 41.6% of men and 30.8% of women in the 18-86-year-old group. CONCLUSIONS: Genotype 1 is the most predominant in Pará, which reinforces the idea of its relationship with late-diagnosed chronic infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992639
title: Antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae) Chichuá Amazon

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION This aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis, a plant species used in Amazonian folk medicine. METHODS A disk diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial potential. RESULTS The hexanic fractions and tingenone B isolate showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the antibacterial potential of this species and will enable future studies to identify novel therapeutic alternatives from this species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992639.v1
title: Antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae) Chichuá Amazon

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION This aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis, a plant species used in Amazonian folk medicine. METHODS A disk diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial potential. RESULTS The hexanic fractions and tingenone B isolate showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the antibacterial potential of this species and will enable future studies to identify novel therapeutic alternatives from this species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992654
title: Alterations induced in the ileum of mice upon inoculation with different species of Leishmania: a preliminary study

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmania species cause skin, mucosal, and disseminated lesions. We studied the effects of three Leishmania species on ileal morphology in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) major (4 animals/group). After 72h, the ilea were collected and histologically processed. RESULTS: Following inoculation, the goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte populations increased, while Paneth cell number and crypt width decreased. In addition, enterocyte size, villi height, and mucosa, submucosa, and muscular tunic thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: Leishmania modified the quantity of cells in and morphology of mice ilea.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992654.v1
title: Alterations induced in the ileum of mice upon inoculation with different species of Leishmania: a preliminary study

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmania species cause skin, mucosal, and disseminated lesions. We studied the effects of three Leishmania species on ileal morphology in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) major (4 animals/group). After 72h, the ilea were collected and histologically processed. RESULTS: Following inoculation, the goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte populations increased, while Paneth cell number and crypt width decreased. In addition, enterocyte size, villi height, and mucosa, submucosa, and muscular tunic thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: Leishmania modified the quantity of cells in and morphology of mice ilea.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7186331
title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Chagas disease in an endemic area of Sergipe State, Brazil

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Sergipe. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we collected serum samples to identify serological markers of Chagas disease. A questionnaire was used, and electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, chest radiography, and contrast radiography of esophagus and colon were performed. RESULTS: T. cruzi infection seroprevalence was 12.1%, mean age of subjects was 55 years, 90% had an elementary school education, 78.6% were agriculture workers, and 60.5% had electrocardiographic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of T. cruzi infection was observed in mostly elderly individuals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7186331.v1
title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Chagas disease in an endemic area of Sergipe State, Brazil

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Sergipe. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we collected serum samples to identify serological markers of Chagas disease. A questionnaire was used, and electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, chest radiography, and contrast radiography of esophagus and colon were performed. RESULTS: T. cruzi infection seroprevalence was 12.1%, mean age of subjects was 55 years, 90% had an elementary school education, 78.6% were agriculture workers, and 60.5% had electrocardiographic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of T. cruzi infection was observed in mostly elderly individuals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7185692
title: Demographic and clinical characterization of human visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil between 2006 and 2015

description: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) primarily occurs in regions that present socioeconomic, health, and environmental vulnerability. In Pernambuco, Brazil, this neglected zoonosis has expanded in magnitude as well as geographically, and efforts to manage HVL have been insufficient to contain its spread. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of human illness due to HVL during 2006 to 2015 in Pernambuco State. METHODS: This study was conducted using secondary data collected from the Health Information System. RESULTS: During the study period, Pernambuco accounted for 2.4% of HVL cases in Brazil, with 49.6% of these concentrated in the macroregions of São Francisco Valley and Araripe. The percentage of municipalities that reported cases at the beginning of the study period increased from 21.1% (n = 39) to 43.8% (n = 81) by the end of the period. Cases were found predominantly among males, brown-skinned individuals, children aged 1-4 years, and individuals with incomplete 1st to 4th grade education. Coinfection with HIV was present in 5.6% of cases. Incidence was 9.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and lethality was 12.3%. CONCLUSIONS: HVL has shown worrying expansion and evolution, in addition to high lethality, in Pernambuco. The only study of its kind in the past decade, it was evident from this study that despite efforts to contain this disease, HVL in Pernambuco exhibits patterns similar to those described in previous studies. Based on our results, we suggest reassessing the current prevention and control measures in the state.