cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4kc8
title: Data from: Oxidative phosphorylation gene transcription in whitefish species pairs reveals patterns of parallel and non-parallel physiological divergence

description: Across multiple lakes in North America, lake whitefish (Coregonus
 clupeaformis) have independently evolved “dwarf” and “normal” sympatric
 species pairs that exhibit pronounced phenotypic and genetic divergence.
 In particular, traits associated with metabolism have been shown to be
 highly differentiated between whitefish species. Here, we examine the
 transcription of genes associated with all five mitochondrial and nuclear
 genome-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, the primary
 physiological mechanism responsible for the production of ATP, in
 whitefish species pairs from Cliff Lake and Webster Lake in Maine, USA. We
 observed OXPHOS gene transcription divergence between dwarf and normal
 whitefish in each of the two lakes, with the former exhibiting
 transcription upregulation for genes associated with each of the OXPHOS
 complexes. We also observed a significant influence of lake on
 transcription levels for some of the genes, indicating that inter-lake
 ecological or genetic differences are contributing to variation in OXPHOS
 gene transcription levels. Together, our results support the hypothesis
 that metabolic divergence is a critical adaptation involved in whitefish
 speciation, and implicate OXPHOS gene upregulation as a factor involved in
 meeting the enhanced energetic demands of dwarf whitefish. Further
 examination of the links between this critical physiological pathway and
 ecological and genetic variation will provide insight into the fine-scale
 evolutionary dynamics at work in nature.
description: Oxidative
 phosphorylation gene transcription data for whitefish from Webster and
 Cliff lakesoxphos
 expression_dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.703s1
title: Data from: Size and accumulation of fuel reserves at stopover predict nocturnal restlessness in a migratory bird

description: Early arrival at the breeding site positively affects the breeding success
 of migratory birds. During migration, birds spend most of their time at
 stopovers. Therefore, determining which factors shape stopover duration is
 essential to our understanding of avian migration. Because the main
 purpose of stopover is to accumulate fat as fuel for the next flight bout,
 fuel reserves at arrival and the accumulation of fuel are both expected to
 affect stopover departure decisions. Here, we determined whether in
 northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe), captured and temporarily contained
 at spring stopover, fuel reserves and fuel accumulation predict a bird’s
 motivation to depart, quantified by nocturnal migratory restlessness
 (Zugunruhe). We found that fuel reserves at capture were positively
 correlated with Zugunruhe, and negatively correlated with fuel
 accumulation. This indicates that fat birds were motivated to depart,
 whereas lean birds were set on staying and accumulating fuel. Moreover,
 the change in fuel reserves was positively correlated with the concurrent
 change in Zugunruhe, providing the first empirical evidence for a direct
 link between fuel accumulation and Zugunruhe during stopover. Our study
 indicates that, together with innate rhythms and weather, the size and
 accumulation of fuel reserves shape stopover duration, and hence overall
 migration time.
description: fuel load and
 ZugunruheAn excel sheet
 containing data collected on wild caught migrating northern wheatears on
 Helgoland, Germany. Zugunruhe is expressed as the number of 15 min.
 periods in a 10 hr. night during which a bird showed at least five
 activity counts.Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0ns10
title: Data from: Pyric-carnivory: raptor use of prescribed fires

description: Fire is a process that shaped and maintained most terrestrial ecosystems
 worldwide. Changes in land use and patterns of human settlement have
 altered fire regimes and led to fire suppression resulting in numerous
 undesirable consequences spanning individual species and entire
 ecosystems. Many obvious and direct consequences of fire suppression have
 been well studied, but several, albeit less obvious, costs of alteration
 to fire regimes on wildlife are unknown. One such phenomenon is the
 response of carnivores to fire events—something we refer to as
 pyric-carnivory. To investigate the prevalence of pyric-carnivory in
 raptors, we monitored 25 prescribed fires occurring during two different
 seasons and across two different locations in tallgrass prairie of the
 central United States. We used paired point counts occurring before and
 during prescribed fires to quantify the use of fires by raptors. We found
 a strong attraction to fires with average maximum abundance nearly seven
 times greater during fires than prior to ignitions (before: x ̅ = 2.90, SE
 = 0.42; during: x ̅ = 20.20; SE = 3.29) and an average difference between
 fire events and immediately before fires of 15.2 (± 2.69) raptors. This
 result was driven by Swainson’s hawks (Buteo swainsoni), which were the
 most abundant (n = 346) of the nine species we observed using fires. Our
 results illustrate the importance of fire as integral disturbance process
 that effects wildlife behavior through multiple mechanisms that are often
 overshadowed by the predominant view of fire as a tool used for vegetation
 management.
description: Spp_totalsIndividual species totals before and during fires for 2014 and 2015.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b516p99
title: Data from: Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) recognize their own past actions

description: The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is known as self-recognition,
 whereas delayed self-recognition is the ability to recognize the
 relationship between current self and past actions. While 3-year-old human
 children have self-recognition without the ability for delayed
 self-recognition, 4-year-old human children demonstrate the capability for
 both. Chimpanzees, the most closely related species to humans, have
 displayed the ability for delayed self-recognition. However, little is
 known about whether this ability is shared amongst all hominid species. In
 this study, we examined whether orangutans, the most distantly related
 species to humans within the hominid group, could recognize their own past
 actions using the preferential-looking paradigm. Our results demonstrated
 that orangutans were able to discriminate between a delayed video of
 themselves presented after a 2-second delay, and a recorded video of the
 day prior. This suggests that orangutans have the ability to relate their
 own past actions to current actions, although we found no evidence of
 self-directed behavior. We believe these findings will contribute to our
 growing understanding of hominid self-recognition.
description: Hanazuka
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fd847
title: Data from: Adaptive evolution in locomotor performance: how selective pressures and functional relationships produce diversity

description: Despite the complexity of nature, most comparative studies of phenotypic
 evolution consider selective pressures in isolation. When competing
 pressures operate on the same system, it is commonly expected that
 trade-offs will occur that will limit the evolution of phenotypic
 diversity, however, it is possible that interactions amongst selective
 pressures may promote diversity instead. We explored the evolution of
 locomotor performance in lizards in relation to possible selective
 pressures using the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Here, we show that a
 combination of selection based on foraging mode and predator escape is
 required to explain variation in performance phenotypes. Surprisingly,
 habitat use contributed little explanatory power. We find that it is
 possible to evolve very different abilities in performance which were
 previously thought to be tightly correlated, supporting a growing
 literature that explores the many-to-one mapping of morphological design.
 While we generally find the expected trade-off between maximal exertion
 and speed, this relationship surprisingly disappears when species
 experience selection for both performance types. We conclude that
 functional integration need not limit adaptive potential, and that an
 integrative approach considering multiple major influences on a phenotype
 allows a more complete understanding of adaptation and the evolution of
 diversity.
description: Locomotor performance
 data for 21 species of lizardsSnout-vent length,
 sprint speed, acceleration, and time and distance run to exhaustion of
 individuals for 21 species of lizards from the southwest United
 States.Lizard_Performance_Data_Scales_and Butler.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.41311
title: Data from: Cryptic female choice favours sperm from MHC-dissimilar males

description: Cryptic female choice may enable polyandrous females to avoid inbreeding
 or bias offspring variability at key loci after mating. However, the role
 of these genetic benefits in cryptic female choice remains poorly
 understood. Female red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, bias sperm use in favour
 of unrelated males. Here, we experimentally investigate whether this bias
 is driven by relatedness per se, or by similarity at the major
 histocompatibility complex (MHC), genes central to vertebrate acquired
 immunity, where polymorphism is critical to an individual's ability
 to combat pathogens. Through experimentally controlled natural matings, we
 confirm that selection against related males' sperm occurs within the
 female reproductive tract but demonstrate that this is more accurately
 predicted by MHC similarity: controlling for relatedness per se, more
 sperm reached the eggs when partners were MHC-dissimilar. Importantly,
 this effect appeared largely owing to similarity at a single MHC locus
 (class I minor). Further, the effect of MHC similarity was lost following
 artificial insemination, suggesting that male phenotypic cues might be
 required for females to select sperm differentially. These results
 indicate that postmating mechanisms that reduce inbreeding may do so as a
 consequence of more specific strategies of cryptic female choice promoting
 MHC diversity in offspring.
description: Lovlie et al Dryad
 fileThe excel file includes
 three tabs: 1) Explanation of headings, 2) data from the Controlled
 natural mating experiment, 3) data from the Artificial insemination
 experiment, corresponding to Løvlie et al.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5kt4j51
title: Data from: Nonlinear averaging of thermal experience predicts population growth rates in a thermally variable environment

description: As thermal regimes change worldwide, projections of future population and
 species persistence often require estimates of how population growth rates
 depend on temperature. These projections rarely account for how temporal
 variation in temperature can systematically modify growth rates relative
 to projections based on constant temperatures. Here,we tested the
 hypothesis that time-averaged population growth rates in fluctuating
 thermal environments differ from growth rates in constant conditions as a
 consequence of Jensen’s inequality, and that the thermal performance
 curves (TPCs) describing population growth in fluctuating environments can
 be predicted quantitatively based on TPCs generated in constant lab
 conditions. With experimental populations of the green alga Tetraselmis
 tetrahele, we show that nonlinear averaging techniques accurately
 predicted increased as well as decreased population growth rates
 influctuating thermal regimes relative to constant thermal regimes. We
 extrapolate from these results to project critical temperatures for
 population growth and persistence of 89 phytoplankton species in naturally
 variable thermal environments. These results advance our ability to
 predict population dynamics in the context of global change.
description: Population abundances
 over timePopulation abundances of
 Tetraselmis tetrahele grown over an experimental temperature gradient in
 constant and fluctuating thermal regimes (i.e. fluctuations of 5 degrees
 celcius up and down around mean temperatures) in the O'Connor Lab at
 the University of British Columbia.abundances_over_time.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1qg13
title: Data from: Taxonomic, phylogenetic and trait betadiversity in South American hummingbirds

description: Comparison of the taxonomic, phylogenetic and trait dimensions of
 betadiversity may uncover the mechanisms that generate and maintain
 biodiversity, such as geographic isolation, environmental filtering, and
 convergent adaptation. We developed an approach to predict the
 relationship between environmental and geographic distance and the
 dimensions of betadiversity. We tested these predictions using hummingbird
 assemblages in the northern Andes. We expected taxonomic betadiversity to
 result from recent geographic barriers limiting dispersal, and found that
 cost-distance, which includes barriers, was a better predictor than
 Euclidean distance. We expected phylogenetic betadiversity to result from
 historical connectivity, and found that differences in elevation were the
 best predictors of phylogenetic betadiversity. We expected high trait
 betadiversity to result from local adaptation to differing environments,
 and found that differences in elevation were correlated with trait
 betadiversity. When combining betadiversity dimensions, we observe that
 high betadiversity in all dimensions results from adaption to different
 environments between isolated assemblages. Comparisons with high
 taxonomic, low phylogenetic and low trait betadiversity occurred among
 lowland assemblages separated by the Andes, suggesting that geographic
 barriers have recently isolated lineages in similar environments. We
 provide insight into mechanisms governing hummingbird biodiversity
 patterns, and provide a framework that is broadly applicable to other
 taxonomic groups.
description: Morphological values of
 three traits of adult male hummingbirds.We compiled measurements
 of three traits in adult males: body mass, wing chord (i.e., closed
 wing-length), and length of exposed culmen (Graham et al. 2012). The three
 traits represent important morphological interfaces for hummingbird
 flight, physiology, feeding and behavior. Body mass is related to
 thermoregulatory adaptations to high elevation habitats, as well as
 aggressive interactions among territorial species (Altshuler and Dudley
 2002; González-Gómez et al. 2011a; González-Gómez et al. 2011b). Wing
 chord is a component of hovering flight, which becomes more difficult at
 high elevations due to lower air density (Altshuler et al. 2004; Stiles et
 al. 2005). Bill length is associated with resource use, foraging
 efficiency, and the matching between bill lengths and corolla lengths in
 hummingbird pollinated plants (Feinsinger et al. 1979; Smith et al. 1996;
 Temeles et al. 2002). These three traits show a predicted trait
 environment-relationship when all species in an assemblage are considered:
 body mass increases with elevation, wing chord increases with elevation
 and bill length decreases with elevation (high elevation flowers have
 short corollas; (Stiles 2008)). All three traits can be well described by
 a Brownian motion model of trait evolution, indicating phylogenetic signal
 (Blombergs K ~ 1 for all traits; Graham et al. 2012).AppendixCdryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jc6b0
title: Data from: Generation and maintenance of predation hotspots of a functionally important herbivore in a patchy habitat mosaic

description: 1. By modifying how critical ecosystem functions are distributed across
 the landscape, the spatial configuration and characteristics of patches
 can play a strong role in structuring communities. In strongly
 predator-controlled ecosystems, this patchy distribution of function can
 have complex downstream consequences, subjecting some areas to
 disproportionately high rates of predation, leaving other areas
 susceptible to herbivore outbreaks. 2. In this study we assess how spatial
 attributes at patch and landscape scales potentially influence the spatial
 and temporal distribution of predation on a functionally important
 herbivore in a patchy Mediterranean marine macrophyte community
 characterized by strong top-down control. 3. We experimentally tracked how
 predation risk of tethered sea urchins varied across space over a 10-day
 period in a patchy seagrass meadow. We related these patterns with patch
 and landscape-level attributes across the habitat mosaic. 4. At the level
 of the patch, predation risk was highest in seagrass patches with low
 canopies, without access to sheltering rocks. Scaling up to the landscape
 mosaic however, predation risk increased in dense aggregations of patches
 with high perimeter-to-area ratios close to rocky habitats. Predation
 aggregated in spatially-explicit hotspots and coldspots that were
 maintained through time. Interestingly, this pattern of predation risk
 correlated well with the natural abundance of sea urchins. 5. Our results
 show that spatial patch configuration can be a strong mediator of top
 trophic functions in marine ecosystems, causing significant clumping in
 the way predation – and therefore herbivory – are distributed across
 space. Given the importance of top-down control for these shallow marine
 ecosystems, it is crucial to incorporate landscape attributes in
 understanding the impact of functionally important herbivores on highly
 fragmented habitats.
description: dataset of Generation
 and maintenance of predation hotspots of a functionally important
 herbivore in a patchy habitat mosaicData file contains
 values for each patch of the accumulated predation rate after 5 days and
 10 days of the experiment (response variable) and of the attributes at
 patch and landscape levels (z-score of HSA) used as predictor in the
 Multi-model averaging selection. Bold numbers evidence patches where high
 aggregations of predation risk occurred (predation
 hotspots).dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7312ks6
title: Data from: Sex in the wild: how and why field-based studies contribute to solving the problem of sex

description: Why and how sexual reproduction is maintained in natural populations, the
 so-called “queen of problems”, is a key unanswered question in
 evolutionary biology. Recent efforts to solve the problem of sex have
 often emphasized results generated from laboratory settings. Here, we use
 a survey of representative “sex in the wild” literature to review and
 synthesize the outcomes of empirical studies focused on natural
 populations. Especially notable results included relatively strong support
 for mechanisms involving niche differentiation and a near absence of
 attention to adaptive evolution. Support for a major role of parasites is
 largely confined to a single study system, and only three systems
 contribute most of the support for mutation accumulation hypotheses. This
 evidence for taxon specificity suggests that outcomes of particular
 studies should not be more broadly extrapolated without extreme caution.
 We conclude by suggesting steps forward, highlighting tests of niche
 differentiation mechanisms in both lab and nature and empirical evaluation
 of adaptive evolution-focused hypotheses in the wild. We also emphasize
 the value of leveraging the growing body of genomic resources for
 non-model taxa to address whether the clearance of harmful mutations and
 spread of beneficial variants in natural populations proceeds as expected
 under various hypotheses for sex.
description: Supplementary Table
 1_S1_EvolutionPapers reviewed for our
 survey.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7j97t
title: Data from: Development and characterization of thirty-three microsatellite markers for the Patagonian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842), using paired-end Illumina shotgun sequencing

description: We isolated and characterized a total of 33 microsatellite loci from the
 Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis. Loci were screened in 24 individuals
 from the inshore waters of the Aysén Fjord, Chile. The number of alleles
 per locus ranged from 7 to 24, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.217
 to 0.875, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.006 to
 0.133. These new loci will provide tools for examining population genetic
 structure, estimating effective population size and provide information to
 fisheries management.
description: Sprattusfuegensis_msatsThis is a zipped file that contains two fastaq files. They represent the data for microsatellite loci development for Sprattus fuegensis from using Illumina paired-end reads. The paired-end reads are in separate files and for each sequence the locus name is in the tittle with the prefix “Spfu” para Sprattus fuegensis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s05q6
title: Data from: Why on earth did I buy that? A study of regretted appliance purchases

description: If targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thereby tackle climate
 change are to be achieved, it will be necessary to reduce both embodied
 energy costs (e.g. in terms of producing and manufacturing the products
 and services that society consumes) and operational energy costs. Reducing
 the number of purchases that people regret could be a first step in
 changing the overall dynamic of consumption patterns. This research looks
 at some potentially adverse effects of consumption on well-being (e.g.
 negative emotions), applying social practice theory to give insights into
 why people make purchases that they feel negatively about. This paper
 draws from: (i) findings of a national survey of over 2000 respondents
 which found that 53% of adults had reported regretting purchasing an
 electrical device at some point, and that 23% regretted making such a
 purchase within the past year; and (ii) a series of walking interviews
 around people's homes that provide detailed insights into the nature
 and extent of regretted purchases of electrical goods (e.g. resentment at
 built-in obsolescence, frustration at the pace of technological change).
 By combining the qualitative and quantitative data, we develop a typology
 of regretted consumption and explore the underlying factors that lead to
 such purchases. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy
 implications of this research.
description: Interview
 guidesInterview guides used in
 the two studies represented in the paper
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5st8
title: Data from: Multilocus characterization of a woodrat (genus Neotoma) hybrid zone

description: In order to investigate hybridization between 2 species of woodrats,
 Neotoma floridana and Neotoma micropus, 103 specimens were collected, in
 March of 1988, from a known area of sympatry, and compared with reference
 collections from areas of allopatry. Ten genetic markers, consisting of 7
 microsatellite loci, 1 mitochondrial gene (cytochrome-b [Cytb]), and 2
 nuclear introns (intron 2 of the vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenase gene
 [Adh1-I2] and intron 7 of the beta-fibrinogen gene [Fgb-I7]) were used to
 develop a composite genotype for each individual and for detection of
 hybridization. Six individuals were identified as pure parental N.
 micropus, 96 as hybrids, and 1 as pure parental N. floridana. Hybrids were
 formed primarily through matings between complex genotypes, resulting in a
 high prevalence of individuals classified as backcrosses. The ratio of
 hybrid classes, population substructure, and presence of significant
 linkage disequilibrium within the zone of contact could not reject either
 the hybrid superiority or hybrid equilibrium model as responsible for
 maintenance of this hybrid zone. The collection date of this dataset
 (1988) provided not only a point in time assessment of the hybrid zone but
 also provided opportunities for future comparisons of temporal datasets
 with the purpose of examining hybrid zone characteristics over multiple
 generations.
description: Mauldin et al
 Microsatellite Data DryadThis file contains all
 microsatellite data examined in the study. The first row contains column
 headers. The first column contains museum ID numbers. All following
 columns indicate allele sizes for the animal indicated at the beginning of
 the row. Missing data value is coded as "0"