cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5065/pxm0-mc93
title: CESM2 lig127ka FW simulations

description: We examine results from two transient modeling experiments that simulate the Last Interglacial period (LIG) using the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model (CESM2), with a focus on climate and ocean changes relevant to the possible collapse of the Antarctic ice sheet. The experiments simulate the early millennia of the LIG warm period using orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations and vegetation appropriate for 127ka; in the first case (127ka) no other changes are made; in the second case (127kaFW), we include a 0.2 Sv freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic. Both are compared with a pre-industrial control simulation (piControl). In the 127ka simulation, the global average temperature is only marginally warmer (0.004 degrees C) than in the piControl. When freshwater forcing is added (127kaFW), there is surface cooling in the NH and warming in the SH, consistent with the bipolar seesaw effect. Near the Antarctic ice sheet, the 127ka simulation generates notable ocean warming (up to 0.4 degrees C) at depths below 200 m compared to the piControl. In contrast, the addition of freshwater in the North Atlantic in the 127kaFW run results in a multi-century subsurface ocean cooling that rebounds slowly over multiple millennia near the Antarctic ice sheet. These results have implications for the thermal forcing (and thereby mass balance) of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. We explore the physical processes that lead to this result and discuss implications for climate forcing of Antarctic ice sheet mass loss during the LIG.
DOI: 10.5065/rfwz-vm18
title: High resolution CESM1.3 ARDT (AR detection tools) catalogues

description: Atmospheric river detection tool (ARDT) catalogues, source data, and ocean daily used for Shields, Li et al., 2024 Communications Earth and Environment entitled "Response of the upper ocean to northeast Pacific atmospheric rivers under climate change".Datasets include: (1) Three ARDTs (Shields/Kiehl, Mundhenk/Nardi, IPART) catalogues. AR detection data includes timestamps and geographic location for AR landfalls where atmospheric rivers intersect the North American coastline (1960-2100). (2) Source AR tracking data from CESM1.3 High Resolution model (25km atmosphere/land, roughly 0.1 ocean/ice) historical and RCP8.5 simulations 1960-2100, 6 hourly intervals. Note for ARDT catalogues, timestamps and latitude can be matched to the source data for full AR spatial footprints and was originally produced under the iHESP project and now part of MESACLIP. (3) Ocean daily data use for all results in Shields, Hui, et al. 2024. including SST, SSH, HXML, EVAP, SEN, PREC, SSS (1920-2100). Files are NetCDF format.
DOI: 10.5065/vmb6-fm59
title: Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project Tier 2 High Resolution Source Data and Catalogues

description: Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) Tier 2 Climate Change High Resolution developer catalogues. Each ARTMIP method/algorithm (named by the developer) submits a catalogue comprised of 0's (no AR exists) or 1's (yes AR exists) for each time slice, for each grid point, using a curated set of climate change AMIP style output from the Community Atmosphere Model's finite-volume dynamical core version at 25 km horizontal resolution, which was run by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Catalogues were created for three historical (All-Hist) ensemble members (run002: 1979 to 2005, run006: 1995 to 2005, run008: 1995 to 2005) and two RCP 8.5 (PlusRCP85) ensemble members (run001: 2079 to 2099, run002: 2079 to 2084). Derived quantities required for algorithms, such as IVT or IWV, were computed by the ARTMIP project so that all methods use the same data.
DOI: 10.5065/d6x63kmm
title: SO2 injection matrix simulations

description: The SO2 injection matrix simulations were performed to perform a system identification of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), to identify the aerosol optical depth and climate response of stratospheric SO2 injections for different locations and amount. The WACCM model is a fully interactive Earth System Model, that includes interactive chemistry, radiation, dynamics and a whole atmosphere modal aerosol microphysical scheme, and is coupled to land, sea-ice and ocean (Mills et al., 2017). One simulations has been performed with prescribed chemistry (as indicated). Most of the matrix simulations were performed for 10 years (between 2040 and 2049), and some have been extended up to 20 year (as indicated). These simulations are described in Tilmes et al. (2017) and Richter et al., (2017).
DOI: 10.5065/d6r2106h
title: CESM1 Paleo Idealized Forcing

description: Among other forcings, past climate variations have been driven by changes in the orbit of earth and greenhouse gas concentrations. These forcings often change concurrently, making it difficult to isolate specific climate responses from the paleoclimate record alone. Here, simulations are run with the NCAR CESM1.2 to isolate the climate responses to different past forcings. In each simulation, only one boundary condition is changed while others remain fixed at preindustrial levels, with the goal of isolating the climate response to individual forcings. The experiments are described below. In each simulation, parameters not mentioned are the same as the preindustrial simulation.Simulations: * 0ka_0urb: A preindustrial simulation, with the following parameters: Obliquity: 23.44107 degrees; Longitude of perihelion: 102.7242 degrees; eccentricity: 0.01670772; CO2: 284.7 ppm; Ice sheets: 0 ka. * lo_obliq and hi_obliq: Obliquity is set to 22.079 or 24.480 degrees, respectively. * 0_AEQ, 90_WSOL, 180_VEQ, and 270_SSOL: Longitude of the perihelion is set to 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. This corresponds to perihelion at the Northern Hemisphere autumnal equinox, winter solstice, vernal equinox, or summer solstice, respectively. Eccentricity is set to 0.0493. * ECC_0: Eccentricity is set to 0, resulting in a perfectly circular orbit. * half_CO2: CO2 is set to 142.35 ppm, half of its preindustrial level.If you are planning on using these simulations please contact the lead authors of the two reference papers shown below.Computing resources (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies.
DOI: 10.5065/tfbt-b645
title: COLA SP CCSM4 Model Output

description: This COLA SP CCSM4 project uses the NCAR Community Climate System Model, CCSM version 4, to simulate and evaluate the variability between the present-day and the future based on several scenarios.
DOI: 10.5065/7gg6-7b09
title: Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS)

description: The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) is a real-time numerical weather prediction capability that provides support for the United States Antarctic Program, Antarctic science, and international Antarctic efforts. The data include the output of the atmospheric forecast models used in AMPS in NetCDF format, subsets of this output in GRIB1 format, and files of mostly graphical forecast products derived from the output.
DOI: 10.5065/83r2-0579
title: WRF Large-Eddy Simulation Data from Realtime Runs Used to Support UAS Operations during LAPSE-RATE

description: Realtime micro-scale weather simulations were performed to support UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle) flights during the ISARRA Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field deployment. These simulations were performed by driving a nested grid configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with its innermost mesh being run at 111 m grid spacing. The innermost grid was nested within a grid with 1 km grid spacing. The outermost grid being driven using operational forecast models data as described below. While the MYNN2 PBL scheme is used to parameterize turbulence in the 1 km grid, the PBL scheme is turned off within the 111 m grid, thus, allowing large-scale turbulent eddies to be resolved by WRF primitive equations. Details of the model configuration and data formats are given in Pinto et al. (2021).LAPSE-RATE took place in the San Luis Valley of Colorado during July of 2018. Goals of LAPSE-RATE were to sample the finescale evolution of the boundary layer and associated sub-mesoscale flows across a sub-alpine desert valley using a combination of surface-based instrumentation and in situ data collected using numerous, low-flying small UAVs. The realtime simulations were produced twice per day in order to support mission planning and UAVs flight operations. The simulation used for next-day planning was run using forcing data from NCEP's Global Forecast System (GFS) while the simulation available each morning of the experiment to support in flight operations was run using data from the NCEP High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), Version 3. Both simulations were valid between 04:00 and 16:00 MDT. The dataset consists of two sets of files: 3D grids and high temporal resolution time series and profiles for a select group of grid points. The 3D grids consist of all relevant basic state parameters (P, T, U, RH) and diagnostics (e.g., sub-grid scale TKE, ceiling height, visibility) that have been interpolated to flight levels AGL using the Unified Post-Processor (UPP). The UPP was used to de-stagger the mass and wind fields, interpolate forecast data to flight levels AGL and to compute diagnostics such as visibility, ceiling height, and radar reflectivity. Point data were stored for select grid points coincident with 3 fixed observation sites set up during LAPSE-RATE (i.e., Saguache, Moffat and Leach Airfield). The 3D grid files are stored every 10 minutes, while grid point data have a time resolution of 0.666 and 6 seconds for the 111 m grid spacing domain and 1 km grid spacing domain, respectively. Please see the README files for more details describing the dataset.
DOI: 10.5065/231h-jw06
title: MPD OSSE data

description: This numerical simulation data set is prepared for manuscript submission to the the Monthly Weather Review journal of the American Meteorological Society (AMS).The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Montana State University jointly developed water vapor MicroPulse Differential absorption lidars (MPDs) that are a significant advance in eye-safe, unattended, lidar-based water vapor remote sensing. We perform Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to investigate MPD observation impact and its scientific significance of MPDs for convective weather analysis and predictions. In this study, the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) and the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARW) are used to conduct OSSEs for a case study of a mesoscale convective system (MCS). We will submit OSSE results to the Monthly Weather Review journal of the American Meteorological Society (AMS). As this Journal is committed to the FAIR principles, all data used in the manuscript must be archived and cited/referenced properly. The dataset also have persistent identifiers such as DOIs.
DOI: 10.5065/hpae-3j62
title: Nitrate flux and inventory from high-resolution CESM CORE-Normal-Year integration

description: A dynamic seaweed growth model that includes growth-limiting mechanisms, such as nitrate supply, to estimate the global potential yield of four types of seaweed. Simulations include two bounding nitrate scenarios. The results were used to assess the geographic distribution and potential of offshore seaweed farming to produce harvestable biomass at climate-relevant scales under the constraints of ambient upper-ocean concentrations and vertical advective fluxes of nitrate.
DOI: 10.5065/djjf-da26
title: WHOI WACCM large ensemble

description: This 30-member ensemble of CESM1 and WACCM hindcast simulations for the 1979-2014 period is produced using the fully coupled CESM1 simulations and that of a high-top atmosphere-only Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) as its component. This project is created by researchers at WHOI in collaboration with NCAR researchers.
DOI: 10.5065/bn1m-q018
title: S2S Hindcasts Climatology Studies

description: This dataset contains subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) hindcasts with CESM2 in which certain components used climatological data.
DOI: 10.26024/m938-m203
title: CESM2 SSP5-8.5 Ensemble

description: This is a 15 member ensemble of simulations with CESM2 under the SSP5-8.5 forcing scenario from 2015 to 2100. Note, SSP5-8.5 is not considered a likely scenario - it is a high emissions scenario. These simulations can be compared with the CESM2 Large Ensemble [https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/community-projects/lens2] and provide the opportunity to compare and contrast climate change under a lower forcing scenario. One difference from the official CMIP6 SSP5-8.5 forcing is that slightly modified biomass burning emissions are used at the beginning of the simulation. As is discussed in the CESM2 Large Ensemble reference paper (Rodgers et. al. 2021), the second 50 members of the CESM2 Large Ensemble use smoothed biomass burning emissions over the GFED era of the late 20th/early 21st centuries. While the GFED emissions were not prescribed in the SSP scenario, there is a minor effect of the smoothing into the first years of the SSP scenario and these simulations have been branched from historical simulations that used the smoothed biomass burning emissions. As such, this medium ensemble is complementary to the second 50 member of the CESM2 Large Ensemble.For more information about this ensemble visit the CESM CVCWG CESM2 SSP5-8.5 Ensemble website [https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/working-groups/climate/simulations/cesm2-ssp585].
DOI: 10.26024/j23t-pc83
title: CESM2 SSP2-4.5 Ensemble

description: This is a 16 member ensemble of simulations with CESM2 under the SSP2-4.5 forcing scenario from 2015 to 2100. These simulations can be compared with the CESM2 Large Ensemble [https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/community-projects/lens2] and provide the opportunity to compare and contrast change under a lower forcing scenario. One difference from the official CMIP6 SSP2-4.5 forcing is that slightly modified biomass burning emissions are used at the beginning of the simulation. As is discussed in the CESM2 Large Ensemble reference paper (Rodgers et. al. 2021), the second 50 members of the CESM2 Large Ensemble use smoothed biomass burning emissions over the GFED era of the late 20th/early 21st centuries. While the GFED emissions were not prescribed in the SSP scenario, there is a minor effect of the smoothing into the first years of the SSP scenario and these simulations have been branched from historical simulations that used the smoothed biomass burning emissions. As such, this medium ensemble is complementary to the second 50 member of the CESM2 Large Ensemble.For more information about this ensemble visit the CESM CVCWG CESM2 SSP2-4.5 Ensemble website [https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/working-groups/climate/simulations/cesm2-ssp245].
DOI: 10.5065/qbxj-ks87
title: CESM2 Thermodynamic sensitivity experiments

description: These are fully-coupled CESM2/CAM6 pre-industrial control run experiments used to test the sensitivity to the new sea ice thermodynamic formulation. The only difference here is the selection of the thermodynamic formulation, by changing the ktherm namelist parameter.
DOI: 10.5065/d6nc5z77
title: Directional Analysis of the Storm Surge from Hurricane Sandy 2012

description: Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012 drove before it a storm surge that rose to 4.28 meters above mean lower low water at The Battery in lower Manhattan, and flooded the Hugh L. Carey automobile tunnel between Brooklyn and The Battery. This study examines the surge event in New York Harbor using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model and the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave- Sediment Transport / Regional Ocean Modeling System (COAWST/ROMS). We present a new technique using directional analysis to calculate and display maps of a coastline's potential for storm surge; these maps are constructed from wind fields blowing from eight fixed compass directions. This analysis approximates the surge observed during Hurricane Sandy. The directional analysis is then applied to surge events at Charleston, South Carolina, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Tacloban City, the Philippines.
DOI: 10.5065/d6513w5z
title: Using Wind Setdown and Storm Surge on Lake Erie to Calibrate the Air-Sea Drag Coefficient

description: This data set contains the archived model runs from the simulation experiments that were conducted during the published study. The runs show the effects of two historical windstorms on Lake Erie, between the United States and Canada. The files are compressed in NetCDF format. Most of the files are numbered ENN for experiment NN on Lake Erie, and this same numbering is used within the referenced paper. There are also two stationary experiments S1 and S2, and the Tanis experiments T21, T23, T24, and T25.
DOI: 10.26024/rawv-yx53
title: Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project Tier 2 Reanalysis Source Data and Catalogues

description: Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) Tier 2 Reanalysis developer catalogues and source data. Each ARTMIP method/algorithm (named by developer) submits a catalogue comprised of 0's (no AR exists) or 1's (yes AR exists) for each time slice, for each grid point, using reanalysis data from MERRA-2, ERA5, JRA-55 and JRA-55C. Quantities required for algorithms, such as IVT or IWV, were provided directly from the reanalysis output to avoid differences due to vertical resolution of the lowest model level in the reanalyses.Required catalogs for each ARTMIP method/algorithm included hourly binary AR tags in MERRA-2 for the period of January 1980 through December 2019 and hourly binary AR tags in ERA5 for the period of January 2000 through December 2019. Participants also had the option to submit hourly catalogs for January 1980 through December 1999 in ERA5 and six-hourly catalogs for January 1980 through December 2019 in JRA-55 and JRA-55C.Dataset information:Each tar file contains monthly files with hourly data from ERA5 at the native resolution of ERA5 (0.25 degrees latitude x 0.25 degrees longitude). This dataset is large, taking up over 4Tb when compressed.ERA5_slvsubset_*.tar.gz contains column water, the U and V components of the moisture flux, and precipitation. Note that these files are compressed using a scale factor and offset for the data.ERA5_IWV contains column water vaporERA5_hourlyIVT_*.tar.gz contains IVT computed from the U and V components of the moisture flux in ERA5_slvsubser_*.tar.gz. Note: for ERA5_hourlyIVT files, the latitude metadata is incorrect, values follow ERA5 convection (90 to -90) and NOT -90 to 90 as written.ERA5_850hpawinds contain u850 and v850 millibar windsErrata:For ERA5_hourlyIVT files, the latitude metadata is incorrect, values follow ERA5 convection (90 to -90) and NOT -90 to 90 as written. Note: slvsubset includes U IVT and V IVT. If possible, we encourage using data from slvsubset instead of IVT due to the aforementioned errata.Reid500 has a discontinuity bug at the wrapping point between -180 and 180 degreesTempestLR inadvertently contains missing data for the latitude and longitude variables. However these can be acquired from the ERA5 source data itself.
DOI: 10.26024/rn3t-ep30
title: CESM1 AMV idealized experiments

description: To gain insight into the atmospheric teleconnections associated with the AMV, we perform idealized experiments using Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) in which North Atlantic SSTs are restored to a time-independent spatial pattern corresponding to an estimate of the internal component of the observed AMV anomaly (see Ruprich-Robert et al. (2017) for more details). CESM1 uses nominal 1deg horizontal resolution in all its components. Because we aim to assess the effects of internal variability, all experiments use pre-industrial conditions where external forcings are kept fixed at levels corresponding to either calendar year 1850. The restoring is fully applied between 8-65N in the North Atlantic, linearly diminishing to zero within the 8deg buffer zones at the northern and southern boundaries, so that the constrained region is confined between the Equator and 73N. Outside of this region, the models evolve freely, allowing a full response of the climate system to the AMV-related SST anomalies. To obtain reliable estimates of the AMV impacts, we perform large ensemble simulations with 30 members. SST anomalies corresponding to one standard deviation of the AMV index are added to or subtracted from the models daily climatological SST over the North Atlantic region for the positive (AMV+) or negative (AMV-) AMV experiments, respectively. The restoring time scale is 5 days over 10 m.
DOI: 10.5065/7c2d-bg23
title: High Resolution Historical and Future Simulations Over Hawaii

description: To better understand the rainfall climatology and its impacts on hydrological cycle over the Hawaiian Islands under historical and future climates, regional climate simulations over the main Hawaiian islands have been conducted for two 10-year periods using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in a configuration of two nested domains. The historical 10-year simulation was driven by the ERA-Interim global reanalysis data and observed sea surface temperature from October. 2002 to September 2012 (historical simulation). A high-resolution vertical coordinate was employed to better resolve the trade wind inversion (TWI). Results show that the historical simulation reproduces the mean surface temperature, relative humidity and winds with low biases (+/- 1 degree C, +/- 4 % and +/- 1 m/s, respectively) and high spatial correlations (correlation coefficient over 0.80). Additionally, for the historical simulation WRF accurately reproduced aggregated daily and hourly rainfall probability density functions (PDFs) and rainfall spatial-temporal distributions, likely because WRF captured the TWI properties well. The historical simulation outputs are available at hourly resolution for near surface (2-dimensional) fields and for the 3-dimensional atmosphere.
DOI: 10.26024/mtwy-n303
title: PlioMIP1 simulations with CESM1 (CAM4) and CESM1 (CAM5)

description: The CESM mid-Pliocene project, completed by Bette Otto-Bliesner, Ran Feng, Esther Brady, and Nan Rosenbloom, is a set of published simulations to understand mid-Pliocene climate variability, similarities and dissimilarities with pre-Industrial, and model skills in simulating this period. One experiment contributes to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 1 (PlioMIP1). The rest are sensitivity experiments branched from the PlioMIP1 experiment. These sensitivity experiments quantify mid-Pliocene climate responses to closure of the Bering Strait, closure of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Straits, variations of CO2, variations of orbital forcings, absence of the western Antarctic Ice Sheet, and changes in tropospheric aerosol conditions.All simulations are performed with the atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice coupled CESM1 at the nominal 1-degree latitude/longitude. Except for experiments designed to understand responses to aerosol changes (used CAM5.3), the rest of experiments use the CAM4 version of the atmospheric model. Descriptions of experiments featuring PlioMIP1 protocol, Strait Closure, CO2 and orbital forcing variations, or different tropospheric aerosol conditions can be separately found in Rosenbloom (2013), Otto-Bliesner et al., (2017), Feng et al., (2017), Feng et al., (2019).Diagnostics for these runs are available at http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/experiments/cesm1.1/PlioMIP/ .