DOI: 10.5061/dryad.73n5tb33r
title: Organization of reward and movement signals in the basal ganglia and cerebellum

description: The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are major subcortical structures in
 the motor system. The basal ganglia have been cast as the reward center of
 the motor system, whereas the cerebellum is thought to be involved in
 adjusting sensorimotor parameters. Recent findings of reward signals in
 the cerebellum have challenged this dichotomous view. To compare the basal
 ganglia and the cerebellum directly, we recorded from oculomotor regions
 in both structures from the same monkeys. We partitioned the
 trial-by-trial variability of the neurons into reward and eye-movement
 signals to compare the coding across structures. Reward expectation and
 movement signals were the most pronounced in the output structure of the
 basal ganglia, intermediate in the cerebellum, and the smallest in the
 input structure of the basal ganglia. These findings suggest that reward
 and movement information is sharpened through the basal ganglia, resulting
 in a higher signal-to-noise ratio than in the cerebellum.
description: See doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.01.510246 for complete Methods information.
description: The data is organized in two folders corresponding to the two tasks
 described in detail in the Methods section of the
 [paper](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510246v2).
 **Data Structure Documentation** Each file corresponds to a single neuron
 recorded in a single task. The file is a structure called 'data'
 and contains two important fields: 1.           info 2.           trials
 Each field is itself a structure. info contains general information about
 the neuron: 1.           cell_ID – an identifier for the neuron.
 2.           session – an identifier for the session in which the neuron
 was recorded 3.           cell_type – The population this neuron belongs
 to. 4.           electrode – identifier of the electrode the neuron was
 recorded on. 5.           grade – a number that indicates the quality of
 sorting, assigned manually (5 – best, 10 – worst. We usually only use
 neurons with a grade below 7). 6.           task – the task the monkey was
 performing. As the name suggests, "trials" contain the trials.
 The fields are as following: 1.           maestro_name – identifier for
 the trial that can be used to recognize it, when looking for trials
 recorded in pairs of neurons, or the behavior in the same session.
 2.           name – the is the type of trial. It can be used to get
 information about what happened in this trial. a.           The number
 after the "d" is the direction in which the target moved.
 b.           The number after the "v" is the velocity at which
 the target moved, if there is no v, it means that this is a saccade trial.
 c.            The number after "P" is the reward probability
 color. d.           "R" means this is a rewarded trial,
 "NR" means that this is an omission trial. 3.           fail –
 whether the monkey failed this trial (boolean). 4.          
 movement_onset – the time from the trial start in which the target began
 to move or jumped to an eccentric location (ms). 5.          
 movement_offset – the time from the trial start in which the target
 stopped moving (ms). 6.           cue_onset - the time from the trial
 start in which the color of the target changed (ms). 7.          
 blinkBegin – the times from the trial start at the beginning of a blink
 was detected (ms). 8.           blinkEnd – the times from the trial start
 at the end of a blink was detected (ms). 9.           beginSaccade– the
 times from the trial start at the beginning of a saccade was detected
 (ms). 10.       beginEnd – the times from the trial start at the end of a
 saccade was detected (ms). 11.       spike_times – the times from the
 trial start at in which the neuron spikes (ms). 12.      
 rwd_time_in_extended – times in which the neuron spiked, this is relative
 to a window around the trial and is separated from spike_times for
 technical reasons. This can be used for the outcome session. 13.      
 extended_spike_times – times in which the neuron spiked, this is relative
 to a window around the trial and is separated from spike_times for
 technical reasons. This can be used for the outcome session (ms).
 14.       rwd_time_in_extended – time in which the reward was delivered or
 omitted, relative to the same time as extended_spike_times (ms). 15.      
 previous_completed – whether or not the previous trial was completed
 successfully (boolean). 16.       extended_saccade_begin - the times at
 which the beginning of a saccade was detected (ms), relative to the same
 time as extended_spike_times (ms). 17.       extended_saccade_end - the
 times at which the end of a saccade was detected (ms), relative to the
 same time as extended_spike_times (ms). 18.       screen_rotation – will
 be non-zero in case the image on the screen was rotated, this would be
 zero for all all trials in this dataset. Each data file has a
 corresponding behavior file that can be found in the "behavior"
 folder. The name of the corresponding behavior file can be found in the
 corresponding data file (data.info.behavior_shadow_name). These files
 contain the eye movement velocity and position during the trials in
 data.trials. The behavior files are structures called
 'behavior_data' and contain two fields: 1.           info – same
 as the data files 2.           trials behavior_data.trials contain the
 fields: 1.           maestro_name – an identifier for the trial.
 2.           hPos – Horizontal eye position from the trial beginning
 (deg/s, sampling rate: 1ms). 3.           vPos – Vertical eye position.
 4.           hVel - Horizontal eye velocity. 5.           vVel - Vertical
 eye velocity. **For any questions or clarifications, please reach out to
 **