cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666533
title: GENETIC VARIATION FOR GROWTH VARIABLES OF Eucalyptus benthamii MAIDEN & CAMBAGE AND E. smithii R. T. BAKER PROVENANCES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT Southern Brazil encompasses areas with a subtropical climate, with significant number of frosts, which challenge or even impair growing tropical eucalypts. Eucalyptus benthamii and E. smithii rise as alternative species of subtropical origin with considerable frost-tolerance. Here we accessed the genetic variation for diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), volume (VOL), bifurcation and straightness of four provenances of E. smithii and two of E. benthamii, cultivated in randomized block design in a farm in Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. We found considerable genetic variability for the traits, all directly associated with the selection for wood production and quality. In general, most of the genetic variability was found within the provenances (Q d ranged from 63.6 to 73.1%), except for straightness (Q d = 13.5% and Q st = 81.9%). Although predicting genetic gains with provenance trials might have some drawbacks, the application of the REML/BLUP method was able to predict genetic gains for the growth variables DBH, H and VOL for provenances of the two species. The highest genetic gains were predicted for a provenance of E. smithii originated from Australia (13% for DBH, 5% for H and 6.1% for VOL). However, the genetic gains from a E. benthamii provenance from Santa Catarina state were not negligible (1.2% for DBH, 1.8 for H and 2.2% for VOL). Our results provide insights for further progeny trials aimed at investigating additive genetic variance and their components, which could improve the genetic control of the traits and assist breeding programs of E. smithii and E. benthamii.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666533.v1
title: GENETIC VARIATION FOR GROWTH VARIABLES OF Eucalyptus benthamii MAIDEN & CAMBAGE AND E. smithii R. T. BAKER PROVENANCES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT Southern Brazil encompasses areas with a subtropical climate, with significant number of frosts, which challenge or even impair growing tropical eucalypts. Eucalyptus benthamii and E. smithii rise as alternative species of subtropical origin with considerable frost-tolerance. Here we accessed the genetic variation for diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), volume (VOL), bifurcation and straightness of four provenances of E. smithii and two of E. benthamii, cultivated in randomized block design in a farm in Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. We found considerable genetic variability for the traits, all directly associated with the selection for wood production and quality. In general, most of the genetic variability was found within the provenances (Q d ranged from 63.6 to 73.1%), except for straightness (Q d = 13.5% and Q st = 81.9%). Although predicting genetic gains with provenance trials might have some drawbacks, the application of the REML/BLUP method was able to predict genetic gains for the growth variables DBH, H and VOL for provenances of the two species. The highest genetic gains were predicted for a provenance of E. smithii originated from Australia (13% for DBH, 5% for H and 6.1% for VOL). However, the genetic gains from a E. benthamii provenance from Santa Catarina state were not negligible (1.2% for DBH, 1.8 for H and 2.2% for VOL). Our results provide insights for further progeny trials aimed at investigating additive genetic variance and their components, which could improve the genetic control of the traits and assist breeding programs of E. smithii and E. benthamii.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666527
title: Precipitation Evolution and Modeling of Growth Kinetics of L12-structured Al3Zr Particles in Al-0.22Zr and Al-0.32Zr (wt.%) Alloys Isothermally Aged

description: The microstructure and microhardness of isothermally aged Al-0.22Zr and Al-0.32Zr alloys were investigated. Peak microhardness occurred after aging at 650K for 100 h for both alloys and decreased slightly after aging at 400 h. Nanometer-scale spherical L12-structured Al3Zr precipitates were observed using Transmission Electron Microscopy, these presented r &lt; 7 nm at the center of dendrite branches. In the Al-0.32Zr alloy, particles increased in radius after aging at 650 K from 100 to 400 h while in the Al-0.22Zr alloy, precipitate radii remained constant in the same range. This is possibly due to solute migration to the periphery of dendritic branches, where larger particles nucleated. After aging at 700 K for 100h, there are growth instabilities at the interface of the particles. A theoretical model, used to predict particle growth by diffusion, presented good agreement with the experimental findings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666527.v1
title: Precipitation Evolution and Modeling of Growth Kinetics of L12-structured Al3Zr Particles in Al-0.22Zr and Al-0.32Zr (wt.%) Alloys Isothermally Aged

description: The microstructure and microhardness of isothermally aged Al-0.22Zr and Al-0.32Zr alloys were investigated. Peak microhardness occurred after aging at 650K for 100 h for both alloys and decreased slightly after aging at 400 h. Nanometer-scale spherical L12-structured Al3Zr precipitates were observed using Transmission Electron Microscopy, these presented r &lt; 7 nm at the center of dendrite branches. In the Al-0.32Zr alloy, particles increased in radius after aging at 650 K from 100 to 400 h while in the Al-0.22Zr alloy, precipitate radii remained constant in the same range. This is possibly due to solute migration to the periphery of dendritic branches, where larger particles nucleated. After aging at 700 K for 100h, there are growth instabilities at the interface of the particles. A theoretical model, used to predict particle growth by diffusion, presented good agreement with the experimental findings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666524
title: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Secondary Metabolites Content of the Brazilian Arnica Leaves (Lychnophora ericoides Mart., Asteraceae)

description: The genus Lychnophora (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as anti-inflammatory or analgesic agent. Its biological properties have been widely investigated and correlated with its chemical composition, which could be different between the species and even accordingly to the place and season of collection. In this work, it was investigated the spatial and temporal variations in the secondary metabolites from five populations of Lychnophora ericoides. Among them, a more diversified secondary metabolism was observed for the plants collected at Ibiraci-MG (Brazil), a city placed between two biomes, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The highest concentrations of chlorogenic acids were found in the Cerrado dry season (winter), while the flavonoids were higher during the rainy season (summer). Significant reduction was observed in the contents of all the secondary metabolites in old leaves, and also in flowery branches. These variations detected in L. ericoides leaves could highly influence the intensity of the biological activities of this plant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666524.v1
title: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Secondary Metabolites Content of the Brazilian Arnica Leaves (Lychnophora ericoides Mart., Asteraceae)

description: The genus Lychnophora (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as anti-inflammatory or analgesic agent. Its biological properties have been widely investigated and correlated with its chemical composition, which could be different between the species and even accordingly to the place and season of collection. In this work, it was investigated the spatial and temporal variations in the secondary metabolites from five populations of Lychnophora ericoides. Among them, a more diversified secondary metabolism was observed for the plants collected at Ibiraci-MG (Brazil), a city placed between two biomes, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The highest concentrations of chlorogenic acids were found in the Cerrado dry season (winter), while the flavonoids were higher during the rainy season (summer). Significant reduction was observed in the contents of all the secondary metabolites in old leaves, and also in flowery branches. These variations detected in L. ericoides leaves could highly influence the intensity of the biological activities of this plant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666521
title: Influence of addition of silanized nanosilica and glycerol on hydrophobicity of starch using a factorial design

description: Abstract The thermoplastic starch (TPS) is regarded as a promising material for manufacturing packaging and products with biodegradable properties. This study aimed at obtaining hydrophobic starch using silanized silica nanoparticles (nSS) with hexamethyldisilazane. A factorial design 22 with central point was developed to evaluate the influence of glycerol (plasticizer) and nSS addition on the properties of water absorption, solubility and TPS contact angle. The materials morphology was also evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. The amount of glycerol and nSS influenced on starch hydrophobic character, for the increase of the glycerol dosage contributed to the increase of absorption and solubility of TPS in water. On the other hand, nSS has greater influence on the characteristics related to the TPS surface, favoring an increase of up to 27% in the contact angle values. Therefore, the sample with the greatest hydrophobic character was obtained by using lowest amounts of glycerol (30%) and highest amounts of nSS (5%).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666521.v1
title: Influence of addition of silanized nanosilica and glycerol on hydrophobicity of starch using a factorial design

description: Abstract The thermoplastic starch (TPS) is regarded as a promising material for manufacturing packaging and products with biodegradable properties. This study aimed at obtaining hydrophobic starch using silanized silica nanoparticles (nSS) with hexamethyldisilazane. A factorial design 22 with central point was developed to evaluate the influence of glycerol (plasticizer) and nSS addition on the properties of water absorption, solubility and TPS contact angle. The materials morphology was also evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. The amount of glycerol and nSS influenced on starch hydrophobic character, for the increase of the glycerol dosage contributed to the increase of absorption and solubility of TPS in water. On the other hand, nSS has greater influence on the characteristics related to the TPS surface, favoring an increase of up to 27% in the contact angle values. Therefore, the sample with the greatest hydrophobic character was obtained by using lowest amounts of glycerol (30%) and highest amounts of nSS (5%).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666518
title: VOLUME AND TAPER EQUATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL STEMS OF Nothofagus obliqua AND N. alpina

description: ABSTRACT Timber volume of standing trees is essential information for management decisions. The increasing need to optimize the potential capacity of forests maintaining their conservation, requires the quantification of the different potential possible timber products. The aim was to adjust taper equations to determine volumes of different timber products for commercial stems of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua. Trees of both species were randomly selected in harvesting areas of Lanin National Park (Argentina). Trees were felled and cut into commercial logs, measuring diameter with bark at different heights up to the beginning of the crown, and for each tree the diameter at breast height and total height. Five taper equations were selected and non-linear regression processes were employed for the fittings. We obtained the volume through the integration of the stem profile equation and the rotation in the space thereof through solid of revolution. The Bennet and Swindel (1972) model was selected for both Nothofagus species, obtaining similar equation parameters and differences were observed at the top of the stems of larger trees. For this the use of an integrated model is not recommended. With the obtained equations it is possible to: (i) estimate volume at different heights and for different commercial diameters, and (ii) predict the height at which both species reach to a certain diameter. The model presented some statistical limitations (e.g. multicollinearity), however, the fitting of the equation and the easy understanding of the outputs support it as a useful tool in a broad range of forest applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666515
title: Araceae of Grumari restinga: contribution to the conservation of the flora of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This study surveyed species of the family Araceae in Grumari restinga, located in the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We aimed to: i) evaluate the contribution of a single locality (Grumari restinga) to regional conservation (Rio de Janeiro State) of Araceae; and ii) compare the distribution of species of Araceae among restingas of the state. We calculated the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy in the entire state for eight species of Araceae found in Grumari,and performed a similarity analysis among restingas. Our data demonstrate that the extent of occurrences for Anthurium augustinum, A. coriaceum and A. maricense are influenced by Grumari because this area is the boundary of their known distribution in the state. Grumari did not have an influence on the distribution of the other studied species. We found Anthurium coriaceum, A. luschnathianum and Philodendron crassinervium to exhibit unusual habits as terrestrial plants in sandy soil. The similarity analysis identified six groups of Araceae, four of which are related to the distance from adjacent forests. We demonstrated that this small conservation unit represents a key locality in the preservation of natural populations of species of Araceae in Rio de Janeiro State.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666515.v1
title: Araceae of Grumari restinga: contribution to the conservation of the flora of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This study surveyed species of the family Araceae in Grumari restinga, located in the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We aimed to: i) evaluate the contribution of a single locality (Grumari restinga) to regional conservation (Rio de Janeiro State) of Araceae; and ii) compare the distribution of species of Araceae among restingas of the state. We calculated the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy in the entire state for eight species of Araceae found in Grumari,and performed a similarity analysis among restingas. Our data demonstrate that the extent of occurrences for Anthurium augustinum, A. coriaceum and A. maricense are influenced by Grumari because this area is the boundary of their known distribution in the state. Grumari did not have an influence on the distribution of the other studied species. We found Anthurium coriaceum, A. luschnathianum and Philodendron crassinervium to exhibit unusual habits as terrestrial plants in sandy soil. The similarity analysis identified six groups of Araceae, four of which are related to the distance from adjacent forests. We demonstrated that this small conservation unit represents a key locality in the preservation of natural populations of species of Araceae in Rio de Janeiro State.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666512
title: An investigation of human beta-defensins and cathelicidin expression in patients with pterygium

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate human beta-defensins (HBDs) and cathelicidin LL-37 (LL-37) expressions in patients with pterygium. Methods: In this retrospective consecutive case series, 26 pterygium specimens and 15 normal conjunctival specimens of 15 control subjects were in vestigated. Expressions of HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, and LL-37 were assessed using immuno histochemical staining. A brown color in the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of epithelial cells indicated positive staining for HBDs and LL-37. For each antibody, the intensity of the reaction (negative [-], weak [1+], moderate [2+], or strong [3+]) was determined to describe the immunoreactions. Results: The median age was 52 years in both groups. There were no significant differences in age and sex between the groups (p=0.583, p=0.355, respectively). Of the 26 pterygium specimens, 15 (57.7%) (14 weak, 1 moderate staining) showed HBD-2 expression, which was not observed in any of the control specimens. One (3.8%) pterygium and one (6.7%) control specimen demonstrated weak staining for HBD-3. HBD-2 expression was significantly higher in the pterygium specimens than in the controls (p=0.002). None of the tissue specimens had positive staining for HBD-1 or LL-37 in either group (both; p=1.00). Conclusions: HBD-2 expression was higher in pterygium specimens than in the controls. HBD-2 expression that might be stimulated by inflammatory cytokines may be related to inflammation and fibrovascular proliferation and may play a role in pterygium pathogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666512.v1
title: An investigation of human beta-defensins and cathelicidin expression in patients with pterygium

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate human beta-defensins (HBDs) and cathelicidin LL-37 (LL-37) expressions in patients with pterygium. Methods: In this retrospective consecutive case series, 26 pterygium specimens and 15 normal conjunctival specimens of 15 control subjects were in vestigated. Expressions of HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, and LL-37 were assessed using immuno histochemical staining. A brown color in the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of epithelial cells indicated positive staining for HBDs and LL-37. For each antibody, the intensity of the reaction (negative [-], weak [1+], moderate [2+], or strong [3+]) was determined to describe the immunoreactions. Results: The median age was 52 years in both groups. There were no significant differences in age and sex between the groups (p=0.583, p=0.355, respectively). Of the 26 pterygium specimens, 15 (57.7%) (14 weak, 1 moderate staining) showed HBD-2 expression, which was not observed in any of the control specimens. One (3.8%) pterygium and one (6.7%) control specimen demonstrated weak staining for HBD-3. HBD-2 expression was significantly higher in the pterygium specimens than in the controls (p=0.002). None of the tissue specimens had positive staining for HBD-1 or LL-37 in either group (both; p=1.00). Conclusions: HBD-2 expression was higher in pterygium specimens than in the controls. HBD-2 expression that might be stimulated by inflammatory cytokines may be related to inflammation and fibrovascular proliferation and may play a role in pterygium pathogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666506
title: Isokinetic Performance of Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in American Football Players from Brazil

description: Abstract The isokinetic performance of thigh muscles has been related to athletic performance and risk for non-contact injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and hamstring strains. Although isokinetic profile of American football players from United States (USA) is widely described, there is a lack of studies comprising players acting outside the USA. The primary objective of this study was to describe the isokinetic performance of thigh muscles in elite American football players in Brazil. Secondarily, we aimed to compare the playing positions and compare the Brazilian players with high-level athletes from USA. Knee extensor (KE) and flexor (KF) muscles of 72 Brazilian players were assessed through isokinetic tests at 60°∙s-1. KE concentric peak torque was 276±56 N∙m, while KF had concentric and eccentric peak torques of 151±37 N∙m and 220±40 N∙m, respectively. Offensive linemen players presented greater peak torque values than defensive lineman, halfbacks, and wide receivers (all comparisons are provided in the article). Brazilian players had lower scores than USA athletes for KE and KF peak torque values. In addition, a conventional torque ratio (concentric/concentric) lower than 0.6 was found in 76-83% of athletes, and a functional ratio (eccentric/eccentric) below to 1.0 in 94%. Bilateral asymmetry greater than 10% was verified in 26% and 43% of athletes for KE and KF muscles, respectively. Elite players in Brazil present high incidence of strength imbalance in thigh muscles, and they are below USA players in relation to torque production capacity of KE and KF muscles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666506.v1
title: Isokinetic Performance of Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in American Football Players from Brazil

description: Abstract The isokinetic performance of thigh muscles has been related to athletic performance and risk for non-contact injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and hamstring strains. Although isokinetic profile of American football players from United States (USA) is widely described, there is a lack of studies comprising players acting outside the USA. The primary objective of this study was to describe the isokinetic performance of thigh muscles in elite American football players in Brazil. Secondarily, we aimed to compare the playing positions and compare the Brazilian players with high-level athletes from USA. Knee extensor (KE) and flexor (KF) muscles of 72 Brazilian players were assessed through isokinetic tests at 60°∙s-1. KE concentric peak torque was 276±56 N∙m, while KF had concentric and eccentric peak torques of 151±37 N∙m and 220±40 N∙m, respectively. Offensive linemen players presented greater peak torque values than defensive lineman, halfbacks, and wide receivers (all comparisons are provided in the article). Brazilian players had lower scores than USA athletes for KE and KF peak torque values. In addition, a conventional torque ratio (concentric/concentric) lower than 0.6 was found in 76-83% of athletes, and a functional ratio (eccentric/eccentric) below to 1.0 in 94%. Bilateral asymmetry greater than 10% was verified in 26% and 43% of athletes for KE and KF muscles, respectively. Elite players in Brazil present high incidence of strength imbalance in thigh muscles, and they are below USA players in relation to torque production capacity of KE and KF muscles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666500
title: RACIAL CONTINUUM, SOCIAL MOBILITY AND “WHITENING”

description: Research on race in Brazil has for a long time recognized that racial categories are based on skin color distinctions along a black-white continuum. However, quantitative evidences about racial inequality are mostly based on the white versus non-white (brown and black) dichotomy or on the threefold categorization (white, brown, and black). This way of using the variable contributed to show the high levels of racial inequality. This finding, however, has often been questioned because of another aspect: the high ambiguity in racial classification and the possibility of “whitening” with money or with upward mobility. If this last feature is true, it is hard to make a reliable measure of racial inequality. In order to deal directly with this dilemma, I measure the “skin color continuum” combining answers to an open question (respondents free choice) and to a closed question (census categories) about skin color. I implement counterfactual simulations to access the possible effects of “whitening with money” on educational, occupational and economic attainments.