DOI: 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-61
title: Sociale og miljømæssige forhold i landdistrikter, 1975
title: Social and Environmental Conditions in Rural Districts, 1975

description: Nærværende interviewundersøgelse er en del af et større projekt omkring kortlægning af sociale og miljømæssige forhold i landdistrikter i 1975.Projektet er gennemført på baggrund af de hastige strukturændringer i det danske samfund, som blandt andet betyder væsentlige forandringer i levevilkårene for befolkningen i de egentlige landdistrikter. Undersøgelserne belyser en række faktorer, som har indflydelse på, at nogle lokalsamfund oplever en befolkningsmæssig tilvækst, mens andre er udsat for stagnation, og andre igen oplever en meget stor tilbagegang. Desuden belyses nogle af de sociale problemer i landdistrikterne, samt hvordan disse opleves i forskellige typer af lokalsamfund, og endelig hvordan det kan øve indflydelse på den fremtidige udvikling. Projektets delelementer beskrives nedenfor.
        1) Nærværende interviewundersøgelse omhandler samtlige husstande
        
        i 10 småbyer med 200-999 indbyggere inden for 5 kommuner.
        
        Der er foretaget interviews med 1.426 familier, hvor
        
        interviewpersonen hyppigst har været det kvindelige
        
        husstandsoverhoved. Undersøgelsens svarprocent var 88,5.
        
        Interviewundersøgelsen bygger på 3 spørgeskemaer. Skema
        
        I skulle besvares af alle interviewpersoner, mens skema
        
        II vedrører oplysninger om ægtefælle/samlever og pasning
        
        af 0-6 årige børn, mens skema III kun vedrører familier
        
        med 13-årige og ældre børn i arbejde.
        
        Foruden en lang række baggrundsforhold (bl.a. erhverv og
        
        uddannelse) indeholder skema I oplysninger om økonomiske
        
        forhold, sociale ydelser, boligforhold, sociale kontakter,
        
        fritids- og indkøbsmuligheder, kommunalpolitisk
        
        information og indflydelse samt tilflytningsmotiver og
        
        fraflytningsovervejelser.
        
        I skema II er der oplysninger om ægtefælle/samlevers
        
        uddannelse og erhverv samt pasning af 0-6 årige børn, mens
        
        skema III belyser status, erhverv og arbejdsløshed for
        
        13-årige og ældre børn.
      
        2) Anden del af projektet er 19 spørgsmål i
        
        ''Socialforskningsinstituttets omnibusundersøgelse, oktober
        
        1975'' (DDA-0129). Denne undersøgelse belyser forhold omkring
        
        flytning, deltagelse i det politiske liv og sociale
        
        forhold. Formålet med denne landsdækkende undersøgelse
        
        er at sammenligne forholdene i småbyerne med forholdene
        
        i hele landet.
      
        3) Tredie del af projektet er en postspørgeskemaundersøgelse,
        
        som blev gennemført i december 1975. Der blev sendt
        
        spørgeskemaer til samtlige husstande, som ifølge
        
        kommunernes folkeregistre var fraflyttet de 10 småbyer
        
        (som indgår i interviewundersøgelsen) i perioden 1.
        
        april 1970 til 31. marts 1975 - dog kun til husstande,
        
        der flyttede uden for kommunens grænser. På samme måde
        
        som i interviewundersøgelsen var det hyppigst det kvindelige
        
        husstandsoverhoved, som besvarede spørgeskemaet.
        
        Undersøgelsens svarprocent blev 65,4.
        
        Denne undersøgelse kortlægger en række baggrundsforhold
        
        og ændringer i forbindelse med fraflytningen vedrørende
        
        arbejdsforhold, sociale kontakter, sociale og økonomiske
        
        forhold samt forsørgelsesmuligheder: ''Fraflytning fra
        
        landdistrikter, 1970-1975'' (DDA-1081).
      
        4) Fjerde del af projektet vedrører behandling af dokumentarisk
        
        materiale, bl.a. interne kommunale og amtslige statistikker
        
        og oversigter, oversigter fra arbejdsformidlingen,
        
        kommunale informationsbøger, håndbøger og
        
        dispositionsplaner. Desuden er de lokale aviser i Gudme
        
        og Give kommuner indholdsmæssigt systematiseret og
        
        indgår i det generelle analysemateriale.
      
        5) Femte og sidste del af projektet er intensive undersøgelser
        
        af de 4 udvalgte byer i Gudme og Give kommuner: der er
        
        foretaget observationer og ført et stort antal uformelle
        
        samtaler under undersøgelsesgruppens ophold på stedet.
        
        Det væsentligste materiale fra de intensive undersøgelser
        
        er en række interviews med udvalgte nøglepersoner
        
        (kommunalpolitikere og kommunale embedsmænd, handlende,
        
        erhvervsledere, fagforeningsledere, personer i
        
        arbejdsformidlingen, lokale foreningsformænd og andre
        
        ledere).
      Fjerde og femte del af projektet kortlægger forhold omkring befolknings- og erhvervsudviklingen, arbejds- og beskæftigelsesforhold, regionplaner og kommunale dispositionsplaner, udstykninger i byerne, sociale forhold og forsørgelsesmuligheder, lokalpolitiske forhold samt uformelle kontakter, formelt foreningsliv og byernes fysiske miljø.
description: This interview survey forms part of a major project concerning a mapping out of the social and environmental conditions in rural districts in Denmark in 1975.     #The background of the project is the rapid structural changes in society resulting in major changes in the living conditions of the population in rural districts proper. The surveys attempt to examine a number of factors which are thought to influence the process which leads to an increase in population in some local communities, whereas other local communities experience stagnation and still others experience a major decrease in population. A further purpose of the surveys is to examine some of the most important social problems in the rural districts as well as to describe how the problems are experienced in the different types of local communities. Finally, the surveys advance a theory concerning the influence this may have upon the future development of local communities.     #The project consists of the following part surveys:     #     #1) This interview survey, which comprises all households in 10     #   small towns with between 200 and 999 inhabitants within 5     #   municipalities. 1426 households were interviewed, i.e.     #   primarily female heads of households were interviewed. The     #   response percentage was 88.5. The survey is based on 3 all all     #   questionnaires. Questionnaire I was to be completed by     #   respondents; questionnaire II concerns information on     #   spouse/cohabitant and child-minding, i.e. how 0 to     #   6-year-old children are minded; and questionnaire III only     #   concerns families with children aged 13 or more who are     #   employed. In addition to a number of background variables (e.g.     #   occupation and education) questionnaire I contains information     #   on financial conditions, public support, housing conditions,     #   social contacts, spare time offers, shopping facilities,     #   information on local political matters and influence on     #   political matters as well as reasons for moving to the town or     #   considerations as regards moving from the town. Questionnaire     #   II contains information on the education and occupation of the     #   respondent's spouse/cohabitant as well as information on     #   child-minding regarding 0 to 6-year-old children. Questionnaire     #   III examines status, occupation and unemployment of children     #   aged 13 or more.     #     #2) The second part of the project comprises 19 questions from     #   the Danish Omnibus Survey, October 1975 (DDA-0129). This part     #   examines conditions in connection with moving, participation     #   in local politics and social conditions. The purpose of this     #   national survey is to compare the conditions in small towns     #   with the conditions in the country as a whole.     #     #3) The third part of the project is a mail questionnaire survey,     #   which was carried out in December 1975. Questionnaires were     #   sent to all households, which, according to the municipal     #   national registration offices, had moved from the 10 small     #   towns (which are included in the interview survey) in the     #   period 1 April, 1970 to 31 March, 1975. However, questionnaires     #   were only sent to households which had moved from the     #   municipality. As was the case in the interview survey, it was     #   primarily female heads of households who completed the     #   questionnaire. The response percentage was 65.4.     #   This part survey examines a number of background variables     #   and changes in connection with the removal, e.g. employment     #   conditions, social contacts, social and financial conditions     #   as well as possibilities of supporting a family: 'Removals     #   from Rural Districts, 1970-1975' (DDA-1081).     #     #4) The fourth part of the project deals with the processing of     #   documentary material, e.g. internal municipal and county     #   statistics and reports, reports from the Labour Exchange     #   offices, municipal information books, hand books and master     #   plans. In addition, the local papers in the parishes of Give     #   and Gudme are systematized according to contents and form part     #   of the general analysis material.     #     #5) The fifth and last part of the project consists of intensive     #   surveys of the 4 selected towns in Gudme and Give.     #   A number of observations were made and a number of informal     #   talks were carried out during the interviewers' stay in the     #   four towns. The most important material from these intensive     #   surveys is a number of interviews with selected key persons     #   (local politicians and local civil servants, dealers and     #   shopkeepers, business men, trade union leaders, Labour Exchange     #   staff, chairmen of local committees, etc.).     #     #Parts 4 and 5 of the project map out conditions concerning population changes, development of trade and industry, employment and unemployment conditions, regional planning and municipal master plans, development of building land in the towns, social conditions, possibilities of supporting a family, local political matters, informal contacts, formal memberships of clubs and associations, and the physical environment of the towns
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