cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1963
title: Data from: A new squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from the Cameroon Volcanic Line with redescriptions of Arthroleptis adolfifriederici Nieden, 1911 "1910" and A. variabilis Matschie, 1893

description: We describe a new species of squeaker frog (Arthroleptis) from Mt.
 Manengouba in southwestern Cameroon. The new species is distinguished from
 other Cameroonian Arthroleptis by moderately larger body size; a darkened
 throat and posterior thigh, both with many white spots; and, in females, a
 fourth finger longer than the first and second fingers. This species
 corresponds to a Cameroonian taxon previously identified as Arthroleptis
 adolfifriederici but which has been long recognized as distinct.
 Multivariate morphometric analysis demonstrates that the new taxon is
 distinct from Arthroleptis variabilis, which occurs in the surrounding
 lowlands. Because of the general similarity of the new species to A.
 variabilis and its previous confusion with A. adolfifriederici,
 redescriptions of the latter two species are provided. This refinement of
 taxonomic knowledge will facilitate future study of cryptic or undescribed
 large Arthroleptis from western, central, and eastern Africa.
description: Measurements used for
 Principal Components AnalysisMeasurements (in
 millimeters) for 18 morphological features of two frog species
 (Arthroleptis variabilis and A. perreti, the latter of which is described
 in this publication).Blackburn_et_al_Breviora_2008.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.26v0g
title: Data from: A water-borne pursuit-deterrent signal deployed by a sea urchin

description: Selection by consumers has led to the evolution of a vast array of
 defenses in animals and plants. These defenses include physical
 structures, behaviors, and chemical signals that mediate interactions with
 predators. Some of the strangest defensive structures in nature are the
 globiferous pedicellariae of the echinoderms. These are small venomous
 appendages with jaws and teeth that cover the test of many sea urchins and
 sea stars. In this study, we report a unique use of these defensive
 structures by the collector sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. In both the
 laboratory and the field, globiferous pedicellariae were unpalatable to
 fish consumers. When subject to simulated predator attack, sea urchins
 released a cloud of pedicellaria heads into the water column. Flume
 experiments established the presence of a waterborne cue associated with
 this release of pedicellariae that is deterrent to predatory fish. These
 novel results add to our understanding of how the ecosystem-shaping sea
 urchin T. gratilla is able to reach high densities in many reef habitats,
 with subsequent impacts on algal cover.
description: Release of pedicellariae
 following simulated attacksThe number of
 pedicellariae released after simulated fish attack by five species of sea
 urchin found in the Coffs Harbour region. Fish attack was simulated
 mechanically by touching and tapping the test with forceps, and control
 sea urchins were undisturbed.simulated_attack.txtPalatability of pedicellariae to fish when in an artificial dietThe proportion (count) of artificial diet (1:10 ratio of pureed squid mantle to 0.45 µm filtered seawater, and 5% sodium alginate) with and without pedicellariae consumed by Chromis atripectoralis and Pseudanthias hypselosoma in a laboratory feeding assay.Artificial_diet.txtPalatability of pedicellariae to fish when in an artificial diet in the fieldThe weight (g) and percent of biomass of artificial diets with and without pedicellariae consumed by Scorpis lineolatus in the field.Artificial_diet_field.txtPalatability of pedicellariae to fishThe proportion (count) of pedicellariae with venom and with venom extracted consumed by Chromis atripectoralis and Pseudanthias hypselosoma in a laboratory feeding assay.Pedicellariae.txtDo pedicellariae act as a pursuit-deterrent cue?The response of Chromis atripectoralis and Pseudanthias hypselosoma to water-borne cues from the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla before and after it has been induced to release pedicellariae, and to seawater with no cue. When no sea urchin was present some fish individuals preferred one side of the flume over another (&gt;60% of time in one channel). The data with a cue thus indicate time (%) spent in treatment water when the sea urchin was on their preferred side.Pursuit_deterrence.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1v243
title: Data from: Increased primary production from an exotic invader does not subsidize native rodents

description: Invasive plants have tremendous potential to enrich native food webs by
 subsidizing net primary productivity. Here, we explored how a potential
 food subsidy, seeds produced by the aggressive invader cheatgrass (Bromus
 tectorum), is utilized by an important guild of native consumers –
 granivorous small mammals – in the Great Basin Desert, USA. In a series of
 field experiments we examined 1) how cheatgrass invasion affects the
 density and biomass of seed rain at the ecosystem-level; 2) how seed
 resources from cheatgrass numerically affect granivorous small mammals;
 and 3) how the food preferences of native granivores might mediate the
 trophic integration of cheatgrass seeds. Relative to native productivity,
 cheatgrass invasion increased the density and biomass of seed rain by over
 2000% (P &lt; 0.01) and 3500% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively.
 However, granivorous small mammals in native communities showed no
 positive response in abundance, richness, or diversity to experimental
 additions of cheatgrass seeds over one year. This lack of response
 correlated with a distinct preference for seeds from native grasses over
 seeds from cheatgrass. Our experiments demonstrate that increased primary
 productivity associated with exotic plant invasions may not necessarily
 subsidize consumers at higher trophic levels. In this context, cheatgrass
 invasion could disrupt native food webs by providing less-preferred
 resources that fail to enrich higher trophic levels.
description: Preference of native
 granivores for cheatgrass vs. native seedsPreference of native
 granivores for seeds of Bromus tectorum, Elymus elymoides, and Achnatherum
 hymenoides across 5 transects in the Great BasinPreference --
 PUBLIC.csvSeed productivity in
 cheatgrass-invaded and non-invaded habitatsPrimary productivity
 from seed rain across 3 paired cheatgrass-invaded and non-invaded
 transects in the Great BasinSeed Rain by Site --
 PUBLIC.csvThe effect of cheatgrass
 supplementation on small mammal communitiesThe effect of one year
 of experimental supplementation of three independent small mammal
 communities in the Great Basin with seeds of Bromus
 tectorumSupplementation --
 PUBLIC.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r0789
title: Data from: The evolution of bat vestibular systems in the face of potential antagonistic selection pressures for flight and echolocation

description: The vestibular system maintains the body’s sense of balance and,
 therefore, was probably subject to strong selection during evolutionary
 transitions in locomotion. Among mammals, bats possess unique traits that
 place unusual demands on their vestibular systems. First, bats are capable
 of powered flight, which in birds is associated with enlarged semicircular
 canals. Second, many bats have enlarged cochleae associated with
 echolocation, and both cochleae and semicircular canals share a space
 within the petrosal bone. To determine how bat vestibular systems have
 evolved in the face of these pressures, we used micro-CT scans to compare
 canal morphology across species with contrasting flight and echolocation
 capabilities. We found no increase in canal radius in bats associated with
 the acquisition of powered flight, but canal radius did correlate with
 body mass in bat species from the suborder Yangochiroptera, and also in
 non-echolocating Old World fruit bats from the suborder
 Yinpterochiroptera. No such trend was seen in members of the
 Yinpterochiroptera that use laryngeal echolocation, although canal radius
 was associated with wing-tip roundedness in this group. We also found that
 the vestibular system scaled with cochlea size, although the relationship
 differed in species that use constant frequency echolocation. Across all
 bats, the shape of the anterior and lateral canals was associated with
 large cochlea size and small body size respectively, suggesting
 differential spatial constraints on each canal depending on its
 orientation within the skull. Thus in many echolocating bats, it seems
 that the combination of small body size and enlarged cochlea together act
 as a principal force on the vestibular system. The two main groups of
 echolocating bats displayed different canal morphologies, in terms of size
 and shape in relation to body mass and cochlear size, thus suggesting
 independent evolutionary pathways and offering tentative support for
 multiple acquisitions of echolocation.
description: Davies et al
 2013
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k0c40
title: Data from: Skin autofluorescence and subclinical atherosclerosis in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: a case-control study

description: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are increased and predict mortality
 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are undergoing
 hemodialysis, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes. However,
 little information exits about the relationship between AGEs and
 subclinical atherosclerosis at the early stages of CKD. A case-control
 study was performed including 87 patients with mild-to-moderate stages of
 CKD (glomerular filtration rate from 89 to 30 ml/min/per 1.73m2) and 87
 non-diabetic non-CKD subjects matched by age, gender, body mass index, and
 waist circumference. Skin autofluorescence (AF), a non-invasive assessment
 of AGEs, was measured. The presence of atheromatous disease in carotid and
 femoral arteries was evaluated using vascular ultrasound, and vascular age
 and SCORE risk were estimated. Patients with mild-to-moderate stages of
 CKD showed an increase in skin AF compared with control subjects (2.5±0.6
 vs. 2.2±0.4 AU, p&lt;0.001). A skin AF value &gt;2.0 AU was
 accompanied by a 3-fold increased risk of detecting the presence of an
 atheromathous plaque (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4–6.5, p = 0.006). When vascular
 age was assessed through skin AF, subjects with CKD were almost 12 years
 older than control subjects (70.3±25.5 vs. 58.5±20.2 years, p = 0.001).
 Skin AF was negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r =
 -0.354, p&lt;0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (r = -0.269, p = 0.001), and
 positively correlated with age (r = 0.472, p&lt;0.001), pulse pressure
 (r = 0.238, p = 0.002), and SCORE risk (r = 0.451, p&lt;0.001). A
 stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that age and glomerular
 filtration rate independently predicted skin AF (R2 = 0.289,
 p&lt;0.001). Skin AF is elevated in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD
 compared with control subjects. This finding may be independently
 associated with the glomerular filtration rate and the presence of
 subclinical atheromatous disease. Therefore, the use of skin AF may help
 to accurately evaluate the real cardiovascular risk at the early stages of
 CKD.
description: AGEs_onlineMain clinical data related with subjects included in our study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nn28v
title: Data from: Human movement, cooperation, and the effectiveness of coordinated vector control strategies

description: Vector-borne disease transmission is often typified by highly focal
 transmission and influenced by movement of hosts and vectors across
 different scales. The ecological and environmental conditions (including
 those created by humans through vector control programmes) that result in
 metapopulation dynamics remain poorly understood. The development of
 control strategies that would most effectively limit outbreaks given such
 dynamics is particularly urgent given the recent epidemics of dengue,
 chikungunya and Zika viruses. We developed a stochastic, spatial model of
 vector-borne disease transmission, allowing for movement of hosts between
 patches. Our model is applicable to arbovirus transmission by Aedes
 aegypti in urban settings and was parametrized to capture Zika virus
 transmission in particular. Using simulations, we investigated the extent
 to which two aspects of vector control strategies are affected by human
 commuting patterns: the extent of coordination and cooperation between
 neighbouring communities. We find that transmission intensity is highest
 at intermediate levels of host movement. The extent to which coordination
 of control activities among neighbouring patches decreases the prevalence
 of infection is affected by both how frequently humans commute and the
 proportion of neighbouring patches that commits to vector surveillance and
 control activities. At high levels of host movement, patches that do not
 contribute to vector control may act as sources of infection in the
 landscape, yet have comparable levels of prevalence as patches that do
 cooperate. This result suggests that real cooperation among neighbours
 will be critical to the development of effective pro-active strategies for
 vector-borne disease control in today's commuter-linked communities.
description: BaseModelThis file contains the Matlab code used to perform the model simulations described in the associated paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q802m
title: Data from: Denning habits of free-ranging dogs reveal preference for human proximity

description: Dens are crucial in the early development of many mammals, making den site
 selection an important component of parental care in such species.
 Resource availability and shelter from predators primarily govern den
 selection. Species inhabiting human-dominated landscapes typically den
 away from human disturbance, often shifting dens to avoid humans during
 the early life of their young. Domesticated dogs have evolved in human
 proximity over centuries, being bred and reared in human homes for
 generations. While pets rely on their owners for shelter and care,
 free-ranging dogs roam uncared, and typically whelp in dens. We conducted
 a study on 148 free-ranging dog dens in India to understand their denning
 habits. Distance from resources influenced den choice, but anthropogenic
 disturbance did not. Dens were found in areas of high human activity, and
 begging from humans was preferred over scavenging. A study on 15 pregnant
 females revealed that females actively searched for denning sites,
 rejecting several intermediate ones before selecting the final den. We
 propose that the obvious preference of dogs for denning close to humans is
 a behavioural adaptation that helps them to survive in the urban
 landscape, in spite of the high human induced mortality during the early
 life of pups.
description: Data record
 3Data
 sheet containing the details of 148 dens.Data record
 4Data
 sheet containing the details of 20 pregnant females.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c67k3
title: Data from: Personality, immune response and reproductive success: an appraisal of the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis

description: The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis is an extended concept of the
 life-history theory that includes behavioural traits. The studies
 challenging the POLS hypothesis often focus on the relationships between a
 single personality trait and a physiological and/or life-history trait.
 While pathogens represent a major selective pressure, few studies have
 been interested in testing relationships between behavioural syndrome, and
 several fitness components including immunity. The aim of this study was
 to address this question in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a model
 species in immunity studies. The personality score was estimated from a
 multidimensional syndrome based of four repeatable behavioural traits. In
 a first experiment, we investigated its relationship with two measures of
 fitness (reproduction and survival) and three components of the innate
 immunity (haemocyte concentration, and levels of activity of the
 phenoloxidase including the total proenzyme and the naturally activated
 one) to challenge the POLS hypothesis in T. molitor. Overall, we found a
 relationship between behavioural syndrome and reproductive success in this
 species, thus supporting the POLS hypothesis. We also showed a
 sex-specific relationship between behavioural syndrome and basal immune
 parameters. In a second experiment, we tested whether this observed
 relationship with innate immunity could be confirmed in term of
 differential survival after challenging by entomopathogenic bacteria,
 Bacillus thuringiensis. In this case, no significant relationship was
 evidenced. We recommend that future researchers on the POLS should control
 for differences in evolutionary trajectory between sexes and to pay
 attention to the choice of the proxy used, especially when looking at
 immune traits.
description: data
 files3 files: 1) experiment1
 for behavioral syndrome, fitness and immune parameters; 2) experiment2 for
 behavioral syndrome and survival to Bt; 3) control experiment with
 Btdata.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.10tp67g
title: Data from: Glucocorticoid response to both predictable and unpredictable challenges detected as corticosterone metabolites in collared flycatcher droppings

description: In most vertebrate animals, glucocorticoid hormones are the chief
 mediators of homeostasis in response to ecological conditions and as they
 progress through their lifecycle. In addition, glucocorticoids are a major
 part of the stress response and stress induced elevations of the hormone
 can make it difficult to assess glucocorticoid secretion in response to
 changes in life-stage and current environmental conditions in wild
 animals. Particularly when quantifying circulating levels of
 glucocorticoids in the blood which fluctuate rapidly in response to
 stress. An alternative method of quantifying glucocorticoids is as hormone
 metabolites in faeces or urine giving a historical sample related to the
 gut passage time that is less sensitive to stressful events which cause
 spikes in the circulating hormone level. Although the concentration of
 glucocorticoid metabolites are influenced by faecal mass thereby
 potentially affecting any differences in hormone metabolites detected
 amongst samples. In the present study, we aimed to detect changes in
 levels of corticosterone, the primary bird glucocorticoid, in relation to
 the phase of reproduction, in a breeding population of collared
 flycatchers by sampling corticosterone metabolites in droppings. We also
 tested how corticosterone metabolite concentrations were affected by
 ambient temperature and related to body condition in adult birds. Our
 results indicate that the upregulation of corticosterone between
 incubation and nestling feeding in female birds is crucial for successful
 reproduction in this species. Also, females appear to down-regulate
 corticosterone during incubation in response to lower ambient temperature
 and poorer body condition. Our results did not indicate a relationship
 between dropping mass and corticosterone metabolite concentrations, which
 suggests that our findings were linked to the regulation of corticosterone
 in response to predictable and unpredictable challenges.
description: Flycatcher metabolised
 corticosteroneThe data was collected
 from a nest-box breeding bird population. The data file was created in
 Excel 2013. Please refer to the README file for further information
 regarding the data file.Flycatchermetabolisedcort.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6c1s4
title: Data from: Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the effectiveness of intensive sound masking therapy in patients with tinnitus

description: Objectives: To investigate factors influencing the effectiveness intensive
 sound masking therapy on tinnitus using Logistic Regression Analysis.
 Design: The study used a retrospective cross-section analysis.
 Participants: 102 patients with tinnitus were recruited at the Sun Yat-sen
 Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China. Intervention:
 Intensive sound masking therapy was used as an intervention approach for
 patients with tinnitus. Primary and secondary outcome measures:
 participants underwent audiological investigations and tinnitus pitch and
 loudness matching measurements, followed by intensive sound masking
 therapy. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was used as the outcome
 measure pre- and post-treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was
 performed to investigate the association of demographic and audiological
 factors with effective therapy. Results: According to the THI score
 changes pre-and post-sound masking intervention, fifty-one participants
 were categorised into an effective group, the remaining 51 participants
 were placed in a non-effective group. Those in the effective group were
 significantly younger than those in the non-effective group (p=0.012).
 Significantly more participants had flat audiogram configurations in the
 effective group (p=0.04). Multivariable logistic regression analysis
 showed that age (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99, p=0.007), audiometric
 configuration (p=0.027) and THI score pre-treatment (OR=1.04, 95% CI:
 1.02, 1.07, p&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with therapeutic
 effectiveness. Further analysis showed that patients with flat audiometric
 configurations were 5.45 times more likely to respond to intervention than
 those with high-frequency steeply sloping audiograms (OR=5.45, 95% CI:
 1.67, 17.86, p=0.005). Conclusion: Audiometric configuration, age and THI
 scores appear to be predictive for the effectiveness of sound masking
 treatment. Gender, tinnitus characteristics and hearing threshold measures
 seem not to be related to treatment effectiveness. Further randomized
 control study is needed to provide further evidence of the effectiveness
 of prognostic factors in tinnitus interventions.
description: comparison of the
 effective and non-effective groupsas SPSS
 formatcomparison of effecetive and
 non-effective groups.sav