cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/5975-9v44
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Colle Gnifetti 275 Year Ice Core Black Carbon and Chemical Data

description: Light absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere and cryosphere play an important role in the climate system. Their presence in ambient air and snow changes the radiative properties of these systems, thus contributing to increased atmospheric warming and snowmelt. High spatio-temporal variability of aerosol concentrations and a shortage of longterm observations contribute to large uncertainties in properly assigning the climate effects of aerosols through time. Starting around AD1860, many glaciers in the European Alps began to retreat from their maximum mid-19th century terminus positions, thereby visualizing the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe. Radiative forcing by increasing deposition of industrial black carbon to snow has been suggested as the main driver of the abrupt glacier retreats in the Alps. The basis for this hypothesis was model simulations using elemental carbon concentrations at low temporal resolution from two ice cores in the Alps.  Here we present sub-annually resolved concentration records of refractory black carbon (rBC; using soot photometry) as well as distinctive tracers for mineral dust, biomass burning and industrial pollution from the Colle Gnifetti ice core in the Alps from AD1741 to 2015. These records allow precise assessment of a potential relation between the timing of observed acceleration of glacier melt in the mid-19th century with an increase of rBC deposition on the glacier caused by the industrialization of Western Europe. Our study reveals that in AD1875, the time when rBC ice-core concentrations started to significantly increase, the majority of Alpine glaciers had already experienced more than 80% of their total 19th century length reduction, casting doubt on a leading role for soot in terminating of the Little Ice Age. Attribution of glacial retreat requires expansion of the spatial network and sampling density of high alpine ice cores to balance potential biasing effects arising from transport, deposition, and snow conservation in individual ice-core records.
description: Black carbon and chemistry measurements from ice cores collected on Colle Gnifetti in the Swiss-Italian Alps, for the past 275 years.
DOI: 10.25921/51c4-p326
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Eastern Bering Sea 20 Year Flatfish Otolith Growth Data

description: Dendrochronology (tree-ring science) techniques were applied to otolith growth increments in 3 flatfish species collected from the eastern Bering Sea: northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, yellowfin sole Limanda aspera, and Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus. Within each species, otoliths were visually crossdated to ensure that the correct calendar year was assigned to each growth increment. Growth-increment widths were measured in each otolith, crossdating was statistically checked, and a single master chronology was generated for each species by averaging measurement time series after age-related growth declines had been removed. The 3 final chronologies spanned 18 to 20 yr and were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.001), indicating a high level of growth synchrony among species. Final chronologies were compared to annual and monthly climate variables including water temperature, ice cover, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the El Nino Southern Oscillation. Of the climate indices examined, chronologies were most strongly related to summertime eastern Bering Sea bottom temperatures, with R2 values of 0.81, 0.61, and 0.34 for the yellowfin sole, Alaska plaice, and northern rock sole chronologies, respectively. Chronologies were significantly (p < 0.01) and positively related to monthly resolved records of sea surface temperature, though the seasons of the year exhibiting the strongest correlations varied among species. The present study suggests that flatfish growth is strongly influenced by the temperature of the eastern Bering Sea, underscoring the effect of climate on fisheries in a high-latitude ecosystem. 
description: Growth increment data from yellowfin sole (YFS), northern rock sole (NRS), and Alaska plaice (AKP) otoliths (ear bones) collected in the eastern Bering Sea off Alaska.
DOI: 10.25921/57zh-2767
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Walker - Virginia-HWA - TSCA - ITRDB VA032

description: Context: 
Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an invasive insect that is defoliating and killing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the USA.
Aims: 
We quantified changes in tree-ring growth rates and wood anatomy for living trees infested with hemlock woolly adelgid across six sites from Massachusetts (42°41'N) to Georgia (34°53'N) to identify growth responses of eastern hemlock that had survived infestation.
Methods: 
Annual ring widths from infested eastern hemlocks were cross-dated and measured. Growth rates before and after infestation were compared. Two infested trees from Virginia were cut, and thin sections were prepared to identify changes in cell properties.
Results: 
At three sites, trees experienced a significant decrease in radial growth after hemlock woolly adelgid arrival; however, the other three sites showed no change or increase in growth. Latewood produced after hemlock woolly adelgid infestation had significantly smaller cells with reduced cell wall thickness compared to latewood prior to infestation.
Conclusion: 
At half the sites where hemlock woolly adelgid infested eastern hemlock trees were sampled, radial growth increased or remained unchanged. This unexpected response may be due to reduced competition due to mortality of other eastern hemlocks or physiological compensatory responses of increased photosynthetic rate and increased water use efficiency experienced by eastern hemlock infested with hemlock woolly adelgid. 
description: Purpose of Collection:
# Ecology - insect outbreaks
# 
# Cores are stored at:
# Virginia Tech Tree-Ring Lab
# 
# Notes:
# These cores were collected because of an insect outbreak. 
# Not recommended for use in climate reconstruction. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/50sv-7k61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GISP2 Ice Core 11,000 Year Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA) Data

description: In this paper we present measurements of methanesulfonate in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core. Methanesulfonate is an atmospheric oxidation product of dimethylsulfide. The GISP2 methanesulfonate record contains information about the atmospheric loading of biogenic sulfur over the past 110 kyr and its relationship to climate change. The GISP2 data set supports the inferences made from the Renland ice core from Greenland that the glacial atmosphere over Greenland had reduced concentrations of biogenic sulfur compared with the present day [Hansson and Saltzman, 1993]. We conclude that the flux of biogenic sulfur from the North Atlantic Ocean must have been lower during glacial times and speculate that this decrease may have been related to differences in phytoplankton speciation. The data suggest that changes in direct radiative forcing from biogenic sulfur aerosols would act as negative feedback to the glacial/interglacial climate cycles in this region.
description: Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentrations as measured in the GISP2 D and F cores.  MSA concentrations were determined by chemically suppressed ion chromatography.
DOI: 10.25921/5v91-ma53
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stevenson - Sand Lick - PIEC - ITRDB AR080

description: Each year severe winter storms (~ice storms) damage trees throughout the southern USA. Arkansas and Oklahoma have a history of severe winter storms. To extend that history back beyond the reach of written records, a distinctive tree ring pattern or signature is needed. Storm-caused breakage, branch loss and bending stress provide that signature. We found a severe storm signature in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We used three published site chronologies, a set of five new site chronologies from a growth-and-yield study conducted by Oklahoma State University and the unpublished Shortleaf Canyon chronology from a master's thesis at the University of Arkansas. Our method is based on two ring width values for the first and second growing seasons after the storm standardized to the ring widths of the seven growing seasons after the storm. Concordance between storm years predicted by tree ring patterns and actual storm years was tested using Cohen's Kappa. Concern about confounding of ice storm signals by droughts led us to test concordance between severe storms and drought in July, August and September; results were inconclusive but stand as a warning that these two phenomena cannot be distinguished with certainty in the tree ring record. Damaging severe storms occurred in about 2.8% of all years. Two out of three storms identified as "severe" produced glaze icing.
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/5jje-pn19
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Skinner fire data from GRUL (San Pedro Martir) - IMPD MXGRU001

description: Records of past fire occurrence from tree rings, charcoal found in lake sediments, and other proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.  Additional information on the International Multiproxy Database (IMPD) data set procedures are also available.
DOI: 10.25921/5m37-sy89
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmer - Mount French - LIBI - ITRDB NEWZ126

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-24. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.25921/5597-cg33
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmer - Ahaura Update - LIBI - ITRDB NEWZ127

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-24. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5yjdrr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 4234 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Machine Observation, Human Observation)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-4.13393 40.67421,-3.65676 40.67607,-3.65676 41.05855,-4.14135 41.04741,-4.13393 40.67421))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Animalia",
 "Year 2004-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 4234 records were derived from 38 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025020-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/5wnt-ap79
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Zhuye Lake, China Grain Size and Pollen Data Since the Late Glacial

description: This paper contributes to an understanding of the relationship between pollen assemblages and grain-size in north-west China. Based on the relationship, we have reconstructed the environmental and vegetation history from sediments from Zhuye Lake, located in the marginal area of the Asian monsoon. During the Late Glacial (before ~13 cal ka BP), the high content of sand is correlated with low pollen concentrations, which implies an arid environment and low vegetation cover in the drainage. The relatively high percentages of Pinus and Quercus pollen, derived from nearby high elevations, may indicate particularly low vegetation cover in the lower part of the watershed. Between 13 and 7.7 cal ka BP, increasing silt content is correlated with high percentages of Picea pollen. Fluvial flow and effective humidity at high elevations, as well as lake-level, all increase. Following this, an abrupt environmental change which is likely caused by some change in lake geomorphology persists for about 300 years. The Holocene Optimum is between 7.4 and 4.7 cal ka BP in this region. Pollen concentrations reach their highest values in the section. The abundant herb pollen reflects the high vegetation cover in the lower part of the watershed. The silt and the fine components in the sediments are high and stable indicating optimal moisture conditions. Between 4.7-1.5 cal ka BP the lake-level fell and silty peat was formed at the site. The pollen concentration decreased in contrast to the high pollen concentration in the Holocene Optimum. In the last 1500 years the lake-level fell while terrestrial sediments were deposited at the site. In this phase Chenopodiaceae, Nitraria and Ephedra reach their highest values in the section reflecting an arid environment. In Zhuye Lake and the surrounding area environmental changes are mainly controlled the combined effects of the East Asian monsoon and the Westerlies since the Late Glacial. In the last ~1.5 cal ka BP the intensive arid trend may be correlated with changes in the Westerlies.
description: Pollen assemblages and grain-size data from two sections collected in Zhuye Lake, north-west China, since the late Glacial. Provided Keywords: environmental change; pollen assemblages; lake sediments; arid conditions; monsoon; Palynology; The Late Glacial
DOI: 10.25921/5vwh-z468
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Eastern Equatorial Pacific SST Reconstrucition covering the last 1.5 Million Years

description: Sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern equatorial Pacific is a key component of tropical oceanic and atmospheric circulation with global teleconnections. Forcing factors such as local and high-latitude insolation changes, ice sheet size and albedo feedbacks, and greenhouse gas radiation have been proposed as controls of long-term eastern tropical Pacific SST, though the precise role each mechanism plays is not fully known on glacial-interglacial or longer timescales. Here proposed mechanisms are evaluated by comparing orbital-scale records of eastern Pacific SST with forcing variability over the past 1.5 Ma. The primary SST records are a compilation of new and existing data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1239 at the northeastern margin of the modern eastern Pacific cold tongue and Site 846 SST within the cold tongue. Using time series analysis, we test previously proposed mechanisms for control of long-term tropical SST change and SST gradients in the eastern Pacific. We find that within statistical uncertainties, in the precession band eastern Pacific SST is consistent with direct forcing by equatorial radiation changes in the tropical cold season (summer-fall) rather than inversely correlated as previously suggested. In the obliquity band high-latitude solar forcing leads or is in phase with eastern equatorial Pacific SST, while in the eccentricity band atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are closely associated with cold tongue SST. Pleistocene eastern Pacific SST gradients indicate that the gradient on the northern margin of the cold tongue strengthened through the mid-Pleistocene transition, a result compatible with the cold tongue becoming more focused at ~900–650 ka
description: Alkenone-based sea surface temperatures and age model based on benthic oxygen isotopes. Study covers 1.5 Ma to present.
DOI: 10.25921/5ybb-0922
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northeastern USA Little Ice Age Temperature and Precipitation Reconstructions

description: Well-dated pollen profiles from six sites from Maine to Minnesota record vegetation changes indicative of summer temperature and annual precipitation variations over the past 2000 yr. Laminations in the sediment provide accurate time control. Multiple regression techniques were used to calculate calibration functions from a spatial network of modern pollen and climate data. When applied to the six pollen diagrams, these calibration functions yielded estimates that show a long-term trend toward lower summer temperature. Superimposed on this long-term trend are short-term fluctuations that are frequently in phase at the sites. Departures from the long-term cooling trend are positive around 1500 yr ago (indicating relative warmth) and negative between 200 and 500 yr ago (indicating relative cold). Annual precipitation showed a slight increase at several sites during the past 1000 yr relative to the previous 1000 yr.
description: Mean summer (JJA) temperatures and Total annual precipitation for the past 2000 years reconstructed from pollen from lakes with laminated sediments.  The laminations ensure a more precise time control than normally obtained from radiocarbon.
DOI: 10.25921/5grq-5616
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - South Atlantic 24,000 Year Neodymium Isotope Data

description: Antarctic Intermediate Water is an essential limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation that redistributes heat and nutrients within the Atlantic Ocean. Existing reconstructions have yielded conflicting results on the history of Antarctic Intermediate Water penetration into the Atlantic across the most recent glacial termination. In this study we present leachate, foraminiferal, and detrital neodymium isotope data from three intermediate-depth cores collected from the southern Brazil margin in the South Atlantic covering the past 25 kyr. These results reveal that strong chemical leaching following decarbonation does not extract past seawater neodymium composition in this location. The new foraminiferal records reveal no changes in seawater Nd isotopes during abrupt Northern Hemisphere cold events at these sites. We therefore conclude that there is no evidence for greater incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water into the South Atlantic during either the Younger Dryas or Heinrich Stadial 1. We do, however, observe more radiogenic Nd isotope values in the intermediate-depth South Atlantic during the mid-Holocene. This radiogenic excursion coincides with evidence for a southward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies that may have resulted in a greater entrainment of radiogenic Pacific-sourced water during intermediate water production in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Our intermediate-depth records show similar values to a deglacial foraminiferal Nd isotope record from the deep South Atlantic during the Younger Dryas but are clearly distinct during the Last Glacial Maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1, demonstrating that the South Atlantic remained chemically stratified during Heinrich Stadial 1.
description: Neodymium isotope (143Nd/144Nd and eNd) data from three South Atlantic sediment cores. For all three cores, measurements on uncleaned planktonic foraminifera are provided. For GEOB2107-3 and GEOB2104-3, measurements on leachates are also provided.
DOI: 10.25921/5hp5-jd82
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Porter - Kalinek Channel 2 Mackenzie Delta - PCGL - ITRDB CANA511

description: We present a reconstruction of June-July minimum temperatures since AD 1245 for the Mackenzie Delta region based on a 29-site network of white spruce (Picea glauca) ring-width series. Most but not all trees experienced a divergent temperature-growth response, similar to the divergence that has affected other white spruce trees across Yukon and Alaska. However, divergence in the study region began as early as AD 1900 and we have documented our methods to avoid including divergent signals in the reconstruction. Calibration/verification testing based on local temperature data, and multi-century coherence with nearby and large-scale temperature proxy records, confirm that our reconstruction is robust. The reconstruction shows cool conditions in the late 13th, early 18th and early 19th centuries, corresponding with solar minima and increased volcanism. These cool periods are interrupted by warm periods consistent with early to mid-20th century warmth. The late 20th century is the warmest interval, and the last decade is estimated to be 1.4C warmer than any decade before the mid-20th century. The reconstructed climate history corroborates other proxy-based inferences and supports the notion that high-latitude regions such as the Mackenzie Delta have experienced rapid warming in recent decades that is exceptional in the last eight centuries.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/5nbm-rb05
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Touchan - Armiantos - PIBR - ITRDB CYPR016

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-19. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/52qn-1455
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmer - Hellfire - HABI - ITRDB NEWZ119

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-24. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.22668.51844
title: English versions of the emotional stimuli tested by Schaefer et al. (2010), Cognition & Emotion, 24(7), 1153-1172.
DOI: 10.25921/5ak6-sr52
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Harsha - Wind River Mountains Site D - PIFL - ITRDB WY002

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.