DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rf7c284
title: Data from: The nervous and circulatory systems of a Cretaceous crinoid: preservation, paleobiology, and evolutionary significance

description: Featherstars, those comatulid crinoids that shed their stalk during their
 ontogeny, are the most species-rich lineage of modern crinoids and the
 only ones present in shallow water today. Although they are of
 considerable paleontological interest as a ‘success story’ of the Mesozoic
 Marine Revolution, their fossil record is relatively species-poor and
 fragmentary. New Spanish fossils of the Cretaceous featherstar Decameros
 ricordeanus preserve the shape and configuration of nervous and
 circulatory anatomy in the form of infilled cavities, which we reconstruct
 from CT scans. The circulatory system of D. ricordeanus was relatively
 extensive and complex, implying a pattern of coelomic fluid flow that is
 unique among crinoids, and the peripheral parts of the nervous system
 include linkages both to the circulatory system and to the surface of the
 body. A phylogenetic analyses – the first to include both living and
 fossil featherstars and which includes characters from internal anatomy –
 recovers D. ricordeanus among the lineage of featherstars that includes
 Himerometroidea, Tropiometra, and “Antedonoidea,” among others. D
 ricordeanus is larger than almost any modern featherstar, and its
 elaborate coelomic morphology appears to be a consequence of positive
 allometry. All featherstars with coelomic diverticula are shown to belong
 to a single comatulid subclade, and this feature may constitute a
 synapomorphy of that group. Some preservation of cavities corresponding to
 soft tissue is probably not exceptional in fossil crinoids, providing an
 opportunity to study the diversity and evolution of extinct anatomical
 systems typically only preserved in Lagerstätten.
description: Specimen
 listList of all specimens
 used in this study, their specimen numbers and institutions, ages (if
 applicable), and other information.Phylogenies of living
 and fossil featherstarsPhylogenies of living
 and fossil comatulid crinoids, inferred under different circumstances:
 With all data and all fossil taxa, with only Decameros ricordeanus and no
 other fossil taxa, with all taxa and only continuous characters, and with
 all taxa and only discrete characters.Trees.zipFiles used in phylogenetic inferenceIncludes accession numbers for GenBank sequences used to infer the molecular phylogeny, the concatenated alignment of 5 genes, the partition file used as input for RAxML, the final ( untrimmed) phylogeny, and the TNT input file.Used in treebuilding.zipVideosIncludes one video of the reconstructed CT scan of Decameros ricordeanus MPZ-2019/366, and one video rotating around a 3D model of Decameros ricordeanus MPZ-2019/366, internal anatomy (coelom red, central aboral nervous system blue, peripheral aboral nervous system white).Decameros ricordeanus anatomy shapefiles3D models in .ply format of the internal anatomy of Decameros ricordeanus MPZ-2019/366.Shapefiles.zipDecameros ricordeanus (MPZ-2019/366) CT scanReconstructed CT scan of specimen MPZ-2019/366 in .raw format. See the associated README file for scan metadata.MPZ-2019 366 CT scan.rawSaulsbury 2019 Supplementary InformationSupplementary information for Saulsbury & Zamora. Includes a brief review of crinoid internal anatomy, character descriptions, and Figure S1.Saulsbury 2019 SI.docx