cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5065/cgg0-rr19
title: CAM-chem simulation of the 2020 lockdown

description: With the reduction in economic activities following the COVID19 pandemic outbreak in early 2020, most emissions of air pollutants (i.e., nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic carbon (VOC), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC)) have decreased substantially during several months in different regions of the world. This unintended global experiment has given insight on some of the processes that control air quality and offered a glimpse into a potential future in which air quality would be improved. Here, a global atmospheric model is used to assess the changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere during the pandemic period and in the related chemical processes that lead to the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The chemical fields made available here are provided by the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 2.2 that accounts for interactive physical, chemical and dynamical processes. The simulations are performed with a detailed chemical scheme (MOZART TS1 mechanism) driven by emission changes of primary pollutants and forced by realistic weather conditions reproduce reasonably well the changes observed in the chemical composition of the atmosphere, and specifically in the perturbations of surface ozone and other oxidants during the COVID19 pandemic. Two simulations are made available, a reference using daily emissions for 2020 and another one that includes the lockdown induced emission changes.
DOI: 10.5065/c3cb-dv78
title: 2020 CAM-chem Simulations

description: This dataset provides global model simulations made with the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM-chem) for the year 2020 with and without lockdowns induced emissions adjustments. Simulations are driven by the anthropogenic emissions provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS-GLOB-ANT version 5.1). Emissions are adjusted for lockdowns using the CONFORM v2.1 (COVID19 adjustmeNt Factors for eMissions) dataset.
DOI: 10.5065/j6yg-a009
title: Stratospheric chlorine processing after the unprecedented Hunga Tonga eruption

description: Following the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption in January 2022, a significant reduction in stratospheric hydrochloric acid (HCl) was observed in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes during the latter half of 2022, suggesting potential chlorine activation. The objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the substantial loss of HCl in the aftermath of HTHH. Satellite measurements along with a global chemistry-climate model are employed for the analysis. We find strong agreement of 2022 anomalies between the modeled and the measured data. The observed tracer-tracer relations between N2O and HCl indicate a significant role of chemical processing in the observed HCl reduction, especially during the austral winter of 2022. Further examining the roles of chlorine gas-phase and heterogeneous chemistry, we find that heterogeneous chemistry emerges as the primary driver for the chemical loss of HCl, with the reaction between HOBr and HCl on sulfate aerosols identified as the dominant loss process. This datasets provide basis of our analysis in the paper - Chemistry contribution to stratospheric ozone depletion after the unprecedented water-rich Hunga Tonga eruption. The numerical experiments in this study were conducted using CESM2/WACCM6, a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model that spans from the Earth's surface to approximately 140 km. We run two different nudged cases: the volcano case with forcing (SO2 and H2O injection) from the HTHH eruption and the control case with no forcing (no SO2 or H2O injection) from the HTHH eruption. The disparity between these two nudged simulations provides insights into the chemistry-related changes post the HTHH eruption. Only the datasets used in analysis are archived here. We also archive our box model used in the analysis here. This is a single layer lower stratospheric chemical equilibrium box model setup for Hunga Tonga experiments.
DOI: 10.5065/w3x2-fz18
title: Climate Change in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere from the Early Twentieth Century to Early Twenty-First Century Simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model - eXtended

description: Motivated by numerous lower atmosphere climate model hindcast simulations, we performed simulations of the earth's atmosphere from the surface up through the thermosphere-ionosphere to reveal for the first time the century scale changes in the upper atmosphere from the 1920s through the 2010s using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model - eXtended (WACCM-X v. 2.1). We impose solar minimum conditions to get a clear indication of the effects of the long-term forcing from greenhouse gas increases and changes of the Earth's magnetic field and to avoid the requirement for careful removal of the 11-year solar cycle as in some previous studies using observations and models. These previous studies have shown greenhouse gas effects in the upper atmosphere but what has been missing is the time evolution with actual greenhouse gas increases throughout the last century, including the period of less than 5% increase prior to the space age and the transition to the over 25% increase in the latter half of the 20th century. Neutral temperature, density, and ionosphere changes are close to those reported in previous studies, and we find a high correlation of continuous changes over this past century between carbon dioxide and thermosphere neutral temperature due the shorter adjustment time of the upper atmosphere to greenhouse gas changes relative to the years to decades in the lower atmosphere. Consequently, WACCM-X future projections can provide valuable insight into what is to come in the entire atmosphere under future scenarios of greenhouse gas changes and mitigation efforts.The model output covers the first 6 years of each decade from the 1920s to the 2010s. The horizontal resolution is 1.9 x 2.5 latitude x longitude and 1/4 scale height in the vertical.
DOI: 10.5065/0d1g-0t61
title: Southern Ocean calcification and alkalinity distribution experimental data

description: This dataset accompanies a manuscript submitted to the journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles that describes the effects of Southern Ocean biological calcification on the global distribution of alkalinity in the ocean. The distribution of alkalinity in the ocean is important because it controls how much CO2 the ocean can absorb from the atmosphere. To test the hypothesis that calcifying organisms in the Southern Ocean are affecting the global distribution of alkalinity, we did several CESM experiments. The dataset contains the CESM simulation experiments and control simulation. It is sufficient to make all the figures contained in the main manuscript, as well as the supplementary section. Making this dataset publicly available is part of the requirements for the journal. The dataset is about 92GB of data.
DOI: 10.5065/dzek-0012
title: CLM5.0 TRENDY Simulations used for the 2020 Global Carbon Budget

description: The data included consist of four simulations completed for Trends in land carbon cycle (TRENDY) simulations for the Global Carbon Project, which follow the land modeling protocol used for the 2020 Global Carbon Budget. The simulations include: - S0, an extension of the spin up with constant forcings and land use - S1, including transient CO2, N deposition, and population density - S2, including transient CO2, climate, N deposition, population density, urban, and aerosols - S3, including all transient forcings from the S2 simulation, as well as transient land use change, which includes shifting cultivation, irrigation, and agricultural N fertilizerSimulations are run from 1700 through 2019 using CRU JRA v2 forcing, CO2, land use change, and N deposition data provided by TRENDY. All files include monthly averaged data for the full time period. The "h0" files are grid cell averages, whereas the "h1" files are 1-dimensional files averaged by plant functional type. A script to grid the "h1" files is available on the CTSM python GitHub website.
DOI: 10.5065/wtcc-at83
title: CESM/CAM-chem-SE (MUSICAv0) Data for 2013 Aircraft Evaluation

description: A new configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM)/Community Atmosphere Model with full chemistry (CAM-chem) supporting the capability of horizontal mesh refinement through the use of the spectral element (SE) dynamical core is developed and called CESM/CAM-chem-SE. CESM/CAM-chem-SE with mesh refinement down to ~14 km over the conterminous US (CONUS) is the beginning of the Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICAv0). CESM/CAM-chem-SE (MUSICAv0) was developed and evaluated against observations from five aircraft campaigns in 2013 as described in Schwantes et al., Evaluating the impact of chemical complexity and horizontal resolution on tropospheric ozone over the conterminous US with a global variable resolution chemistry model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys., 2022 [In Review].Model data used in Schwantes et al., 2022 are provided in this dataset. Files labeled 'h0' and 'h7' are monthly averaged data over the entire Earth and include all model vertical levels. Monthly averaged data for August 2013 are provided for all simulations and January-December 2013 for a subset of simulations. Files labeled 'aircraft' include the closest 9 model grid cells horizontally and all model vertical levels along the 1 minute merge aircraft flight tracks. The model data corresponding to the following aircraft campaigns are included in this dataset: DISCOVER-AQ-TX (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) over Houston, Texas, in September; DISCOVER-AQ-CA over California in January-February; SENEX (Southeast Nexus) campaign in June-July; the NOMADSS (Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury and Aerosol Distributions, Sources, and Sinks) campaign in June-July; and the SEAC4RS (Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys) campaign in August-September. All model simulations include model data corresponding to SEAC4RS and DISVOVER-AQ-TX and a subset of simulations include model data corresponding to all of the campaigns.Please refer to the README.txt file for more details.
DOI: 10.5065/f21v-ya03
title: Data for Exploring the Relative Contribution of the MJO and ENSO to Mid-latitude Subseasonal Predictability

description: Here we explore the relative contribution of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to mid-latitude subseasonal predictive skill of upper atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific, using an inherently interpretable neural network applied to pre-industrial control runs of the Community Earth System Model version 2. We find that this interpretable network generally favors the state of ENSO, rather than the MJO, to make correct predictions on a range of subseasonal lead times and predictand averaging windows. Moreover, the predictability of positive circulation anomalies over the North Pacific is comparatively lower than that of their negative counterparts, especially evident when the ENSO state is important. However, when ENSO is in a neutral state, our findings indicate that the MJO provides some predictive information, particularly for positive anomalies. We identify three distinct evolutions of these MJO states, offering fresh insights into opportune forecasting windows for MJO teleconnections.
DOI: 10.5065/5sqy-zf23
title: A Statistical Analysis of Lossily Compressed CESM-LENS Data

description: The data storage burden resulting from CESM simulations continues to grow, and lossy data compression methods can alleviate this burden, provided that key climate variables are not altered to the point of affecting scientific conclusions. This dataset was generated to evaluate the effects of two leading lossy compression algorithms, SZ and ZFP, on daily output data from the CESM-LENS dataset. In particular, it contains daily data for variables TS (surface temperature) and PRECT (precipitation rate) from the historical forcing period (1920-2005) for CESM-LENS ensemble member 30. The provided data has been compressed and reconstructed via two popular compressors: SZ 1.4.13 and ZFP 0.5.3 with a number of different absolute error tolerances. Errors due to compression can be determined by comparing these reconstructed files to the original CESM-LENS timeseries data, and statistical methods can evaluate the errors at different spatiotemporal scales. While both compression algorithms show promising fidelity with the original output, detectable artifacts are introduced even at relatively tight error tolerances.
DOI: 10.5065/z9wk-1x22
title: Turbulent activation of cloud condensation nuclei

description: This dataset contains selected codes and data from simulations investigating the impact of cloud-base turbulence on activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Activation of two monodisperse CCN are studied within an adiabatic parcel rising through the cloud base and filled with homogeneous isotropic turbulence. We apply a forced implicit large eddy simulation methodology (Grabowski and Thomas Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2021) within a triply periodic computational domain of (64m)^3. Small CCN are assumed to have a dry radius of 0.01 micron and a corresponding activation (critical) radius and activation supersaturation of 0.6 micron and 1.3%, respectively. Large CCN have a dry radius of 0.2 micron and feature activation radius of 5.4 micron and activation supersaturation 0.15 %. CCN are assumed in 200 cm^-3 concentration in all cases. Mean cloud base updraft velocities of 0.33, 1, and 3 m/s are considered. Turbulence can lead to activation of only a fraction of all CCN and lead to a non-zero droplet spectral width just above the cloud base, of the order of 1 micron, especially in the case of small CCN and weak mean cloud base ascent. The simulations document an important role of cloud base turbulence on cloud base CCN activation.
DOI: 10.26024/ypnz-d857
title: Whole Atmosphere Climate Change: Dependence on Solar Activity

description: The netCDF files are global gridded monthly monthly mean "h0" files output by the NCAR WACCM-X model. The "SMIN" or "SMAX" in the file name designates perpetual solar minimum or perpetual solar maximum conditions, respectively. The date string at the end file name designates the year and month, e.g., 1972-01 is January 1972. The metadata in the individual netCDF files describes the individual parameters and locations. The spatial resolution is 1.9 x 2.5 degrees latitude/longitude.Note that these are "free-running" climate simulations, and so are not representative of atmospheric weather on any particular date. Rather, the nominal date of the simulation indicates that the lower boundary conditions of CO2, CH4, CFC, sea-surface temperatures, etc., for that date, were employed. Similarly, constant "solar minimum" or constant "solar maximum" upper boundary conditions were used for each five-year run, instead of time-varying conditions. See publication for further details.
DOI: 10.5065/6qa0-v481
title: 1/20 degree regional simulation of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Cold Tongue

description: This dataset includes subsets of hourly and daily averaged model output data from a 1/20 degree regional model simulation of the eastern tropical Pacific ocean. The daily averages cover most of the simulation domain while the hourly file includes the hourly data along 4 longitudinal lines. The archive also includes the model setup files and scripts necessary to rerun the model.
DOI: 10.5065/bgt9-tz46
title: CESM2 Sea Ice thermodynamics sensitivity experiments

description: We analyze two preindustrial experiments from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) to characterize the impact of sea ice physics on differences in coastal sea ice production around Antarctica and the resulting impact on the ocean and atmosphere. The only difference between the two experiments is the selection of the thermodynamic formulation, by changing the KTHERM namelist parameter. We find substantial differences in the dominant sea ice physical processes, ocean water mass formation, ocean circulation, and coastal atmosphere.
DOI: 10.5065/pkp3-gv40
title: CESM-cocco: Sensitivity Experiments of Coccolithophores to Changing Atmospheric CO2 using CESM

description: This dataset contains the model output from CESM-cocco, described in Krumhardt et al., 2019 in Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES). These are monthly history files from year 250 of the model simulations (the year of output analyzed in Krumhardt et al., 2019). The output was created by model development version of CESM2.0: cesm2_0_alpha10d. CESM-cocco contains an additional phytoplankton functional type (PFT) representative of coccolithophores. Growth and calcification of the coccolithophore PFT are sensitive to aqueous CO2. We performed sensitivity simulations to test the impacts of increasing CO2 on coccolithophores. Source code and instructions for configuring simulations for CESM-cocco can be found at https://github.com/kristenkrumhardt/JAMES-cocco
DOI: 10.5065/bvef-ew68
title: MPAS-A aquaplanet simulation with convection-permitting resolution and off-equatorial SST maximum

description: This dataset includes model output from an aquaplanet simulation using the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A). The aquaplanet simulation was produced by prescribing a zonally symmetric sea-surface temperature profile and by removing land, sea-ice, and the seasonal cycle from the model. Unlike previous aquaplanet simulations (https://doi.org/10.5065/cam1-v353), this simulation had an SST profile with an off-equator maximum at 10N to allow for the formation of tropical cyclones. A variable resolution mesh was used with 3 km cell spacing between 10S and 30N, transitioning to 15 km cell spacing elsewhere. The simulation was integrated for 160 days, but the first 30 days were discarded for model spinup. This dataset contains post processed output interpolated to a r1440x720 fixed grid with approximate grid spacing of 0.25 degree.
DOI: 10.26024/mahn-2660
title: East African Great Lake Environments (EAGLE) Climate Downscaling Output

description: These are climate-downscaling simulations over the East African Great Lakes region for the East African Great Lake Environments (EAGLE) project, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. NCAR's Community Earth System Model (CESM) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 was used for input into the model. Three decadal periods were simulated: present day (2009-2018), mid-century (2055-2064), and end of century (2090-2099.).
DOI: 10.5065/haxs-5936
title: Atlanta Metro Heat Exposure

description: Increasing extreme heat weather is likely to raise the risk of acute kidney injury, which is characterized by a precipitous decline in kidney function. Kidney diseases in heat exposure have been investigated using ambient temperature data collected from individual monitoring stations or spatially gridded atmospheric reanalysis products. These datasets, however, are insufficient for studying heat exposure studies in urban areas because they do not accurately capture the effects of variations in land surface, particularly the 'urban heat island', which temperatures are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas and can amplify extreme heat events in cities and disproportionately affect public health. Here, we first develop a 1 km^2 resolution of meteorology dataset for 2010-2023 using a fully coupled atmosphere-land-urban modeling system, WRF-urban, over the Atlanta metropolitan area with comprehensive maps of urban types from the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification scheme. We then applied a multivariate bias correction technique to the WRF-urban temperature and moisture variables. WRF-urban is able to reproduce the extreme high and low temperatures near the surface in urban areas by utilizing the LCZ maps that classify different urban types. Furthermore, temperature bias is effectively mitigated while temperature-moisture covariance is preserved by employing the bias correction technique. We also compute many common heat exposure indices such as the heat index, HUMIDEX, globe temperature, normal effective temperature, apparent temperature, wet bulb globe temperature, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and wet bulb temperature. The dataset will be useful to quantify relationships between short-term heat exposure and hospitalizations, or other health outcomes, as well as to offer inputs for quantitative risk assessment and economic evaluation of heat-health implications that can improve case management decisions.
DOI: 10.5065/cam1-v353
title: Aquaplanet simulations using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) version 6.2

description: This dataset includes model output from aquaplanet simulations using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS), version 6.2. Aquaplanet simulations are numerical simulations on an Earth-like water-covered surface without land, topography, sea-ice, or seasons. These simulations are useful for studying climate and weather in a simplified yet realistic framework. The specific simulations contained in this dataset were produced using MPAS, which is an NCAR-supported community model. Various simulations were produced with variations to either the horizontal grid spacing, vertical grid spacing, or physics packages used. Model output from each simulation was interpolated to a 1-degree by 1-degree latitude-by-longitude grid and 17 vertical levels of constant pressure (e.g., isobaric levels). Most of the simulations cover a three-year period, and three simulations cover a two-year period. Details of the simulations and their comparison against other datasets will be documented in a manuscript to be submitted to the Journal of Advancements in Modeling Earth Systems Science. As required by the journal, the dataset will be made available to the public without restrictions.
DOI: 10.5065/77g1-9x56
title: LIT Thermosphere Control of Ion Outflow Results

description: Numerical simulation experiments were conducted for different thermospheric states to study the stream interaction region that swept past Earth on March 27, 2003. Results from two LIT (Low-energy Ion Transport) coupled model runs are archived in 768 netCDF files. They contain the global outputs from the LFM magnetosphere, IPWM (Ionosphere Polar Wind Model) ionosphere, NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) thermosphere-ionosphere simulations.
DOI: 10.5065/qt42-zd40
title: Fuel Moisture Content (Live and Dead) over the Conterminous United States

description: A dynamic gridded dataset of live and dead fuel moisture content (FMC) over the Conterminous United States (CONUS). The FMC dataset is created by combining satellite observations, reflectances from MODIS Terra and Aqua platforms, with surface, in situ observations of FMC from the National Fuel Moisture Database (NFMD) using a machine learning model as well as environmental data provided by the National Water Model based on the WRF-Hydro model.