cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m155
title: A large flowering Oleander tree and palms, on Broadway near Main Street looking south, Los Angeles, 1905

description: Photograph of a large flowering Oleander tree and palms, on Broadway near Main Street looking south, Los Angeles, 1905. The oleander tree (at right) stands on an elevated lawn along with several other plants and a palm. Palm trees, street lamps, and utility poles line the sidewalk. A house is visible just beyond the wooden fence (at right). A bend in the street can be seen up ahead.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m3122
title: Panoramic view of Cahuenga Pass, Mount Hollywood, and the San Fernando Valley, Hollywood, ca.1915

description: Photograph of a panoramic view of Cahuenga Pass, Mount Hollywood, and the San Fernando Valley, Hollywood, ca.1915. Dry grass and shrubs cover the land in the foreground. To the right is a wheat(?) field encompassing a large portion of the pass. Trees and mountains are visible in the distance.; "The eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains is a discordant topographic and geologic block that is separated from the rest of the Santa Monica Mountains by Cahuenga Pass and the Cahuenga fault." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17435
title: Panoramic view of Cahuenga Pass, looking north from Melrose, Hollywood, ca.1915

description: Photograph of a panoramic view of Cahuenga Pass, looking north from Melrose, Hollywood, ca.1915. Dry grass and shrubs cover the land in the foreground. To the right is a wheat(?) field encompassing a large portion of the pass. Trees and mountains are visible in the distance.; "The eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains is a discordant topographic and geologic block that is separated from the rest of the Santa Monica Mountains by Cahuenga Pass and the Cahuenga fault." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17437
title: View of Sutter's Creek and the historical mine sites in Coloma, ca.1915

description: Photograph of a view of Sutter's Creek and the historical mine sites in Coloma, ca.1915. Trees and bushes cover the hilly land in the foreground. Sutter's Creek runs through the lowland ahead. Trees cover the mountains in the distance. Picture file card reads: "James Marshall discovered gold here, Jan. 19, 1848".; "On an icy cold morning early in 1848, James Wilson Marshall, a carpenter from New Jersey, picked up a few nuggets of gold from the American River at the site of a sawmill he was building for John Sutter near Coloma. By August, the hills above the river were strewn with wood huts and tents as the first of 4,000 miners lured by the gold discovery scrambled to strike it rich. Prospectors, from the East sailed around Cape Horn. Some hiked across the Isthmus of Panama, and by 1849, about 40,000 came to San Francisco by sea alone. Nearly $2,000,000,000 in gold was taken from the earth before mining became dormant." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m9069
title: Ferryboat in San Francisco Bay, 1905

description: Photograph of a ferryboat in San Francisco Bay, 1905. In the background, at center, the ferryboat can be seen moving through the bay. The boat has a large exhaust pipe (or vent?) that extends into the air at the middle of the ship. Clouds loom above the area.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m9070
title: Two frigates and two smaller boats are moving about in the waters of the San Francisco Bay, ca.1900

description: Photograph of two frigates and two smaller boats are moving about in the waters of the San Francisco Bay, ca.1900. The reflection of the sun makes the water glitter. Land is visible in the distance.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m570
title: Panoramic view of Los Angeles, looking west along Sixth Street, from Main Street, ca.1882

description: Photograph of a panoramic view of Los Angeles, looking west along Sixth Street, from Main Street, ca.1882. Residential houses and commercial buildings form grids that make up the blocks in the city. A large building sits on top of a hill (at right). Small mountains (or hills?) are visible in the distance.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17438
title: View of Sonoma, from hill to the south, California, ca.1908

description: Photograph of a view of Sonoma, from hill to the south, California, ca.1908. Grids of agricultural land cover the flatlands just below the hill. Beyond the agricultural lands are the residential (and some commercial) blocks of the city. Mountains are visible in the distance.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m8989
title: Mussel Cove near Capistrano, ca.1900

description: Photograph of the arches "Old woman of the sea" at Mussel Cove near Capistrano, ca.1900. Rocks are in the foreground. A sea inlet separates the rocks from the arches.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10569
title: Mount Wilson Observatory and surrounding mountains, ca.1930

description: Photograph of Mount Wilson Observatory and surrounding mountains, ca.1930. The white observatory is surrounded by trees, with the exception of the path near the entrance, which appears to be a roadway. Mountains are visible in the distance.; "Mount Wilson Observatory is perched above the Los Angeles basin, above the smog and in a paradoxically ideal location for an observatory. The very inversion layer that traps pollutants in the L.A. basin is also responsible for the best astronomical 'seeing' in the continental United States. This excellent 'seeing' was appreciated by late 19th century astronomers and in 1904 led George Ellery Hale to build the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory on the site. 1904-1905 also saw the installation of the Snow Telescope - a device for spectroscopic and spectroheliographic studies of the sun and bright stars. In 1907 a 60-inch reflector telescope was completed and remains operational to this day. Shortly after installation of the 60-inch, work began on a 100-inch reflector - the largest mirror telescope attempted at the time. Financing for the mirror was provided by John Hooker with completion funds donated by Andrew Carnegie. The 100-inch bears John Hooker's name. The grinding of the mirror and design and construction of the mount, clock drive and dome were daunting tasks. And transporting the parts up the Mount Wilson Toll Road by mule and mule-assisted truck was in itself a combination of ingenuity, brute force and determination. [A good account of the early days of Mount Wilson can be found in Woodbury, David (1939) The Glass Giant of Palomar Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 368 pgs.] In 1917 the 100-inch Hooker Telescope was completed and the term 'Solar' was dropped from observatory's name. Many important discoveries were made with the Hooker. Among these, Edwin Hubble revised our understanding of the size of the Universe and found convincing evidence of an expanding universe at the time when Einstein's theories were first being put to the test." -- Gary Fisher.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10580
title: Sixty-foot tower telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930

description: Photograph of the sixty-foot tower telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930. The 60-foot metal framework surrounds a small house, which was probably used as a research facility. An elevator (or parts of the telescope?) protrudes from the center of the house and extends to the top of the tower where a dome structure is perched. A man(?) stands inside the dome structure. A smaller tower structure is visible beyond the trees at left. The area is surrounded by trees. Picture file card reads: "the spectroscope used with this new form of telescope is mounted in a wall 80 feet deep in the earth beneath the town".; "Solar astronomy at Mt. Wilson Observatory has a rich history. There is probably no historical event that can be singled out as the most important solar discovery of the 20th Century, but Mt. Wilson has been home to some of the greatest scientific achievements. In addition to having the largest photographic archive of white-light images of the sun, and having the distinction of being the first solar telescope to be built on a tower, the 60- Foot Solar Tower is home to two of the most important discoveries in the field of solar research: George Ellery Hale's discovery of magnetic fields and Robert Leighton's pioneering work in helioseismology. The mountain is host to several ongoing observing projects using the onsite facilities. The observatory has two primary nighttime telescopes: the 60-inch telescope, built in 1908, is home to the HK Project; the 100-inch (Hooker) telescope, built in 1917, has a new instrument for Adaptive Optics. Two solar observatories have been in operation since the early days of the Observatory. The 60-foot tower telescope, operated by USC, is part of a worldwide network monitoring helioseismology. The 150-foot tower telescope, operated by UCLA, investigates long-term changes of solar magnetic activity." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10581
title: Snow telescope and the 60-inch tower telescope(?) at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930

description: Photograph of the snow telescope and the 60-inch tower telescope(?) at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930. The snow telescope is the long horizontal building behind the tower telescope. Wires provide additional support for the tower telescope. Trees surround the facilities.; "The Snow Telescope, the oldest telescope on the mountain, is named after its benefactor, Helen Snow. She donated money for its construction at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. George Ellery Hale moved the telescope to Mount Wilson in 1904 to make observations of the Sun. Dr. Hale took the telescope on loan from Yerkes, although it has been here ever since. Unlike the two tower solar telescopes (which were built later), the light path for the Snow Telescope is horizontal. The building is long and originally was covered in canvas. This was a great fire hazard, and the crude building was replaced with an aluminum shell in 1911. Light from the Sun is reflected off the coelostat mirror (on the right partially in shadow) to another 30-inch mirror (at center) and reflected nearly horizontally 100 feet to the back of the building. There, it falls on a 24-inch concave mirror with a 60-foot focal length and is then brought to a focus at the entrance slit of the spectrograph as an image 6 1/2 inches across. The spectrograph is located in a 15-foot pit. Despite its simple construction, the horizontal light path of the Snow Telescope made observations difficult because heat from the sunlit ground affected the observational seeing. Therefore, shortly after being put into operation in 1904, plans were made to build the 60-foot Solar Tower." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10578
title: Horizontal snow telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930

description: Photograph of the horizontal snow telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930. The walls of the telescope are layered. Several pulley contraptions and the lens sit on an open platform at the eye of the telescope. Utility lines zigzags across the tree covered area.; "The Snow Telescope, the oldest telescope on the mountain, is named after its benefactor, Helen Snow. She donated money for its construction at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. George Ellery Hale moved the telescope to Mount Wilson in 1904 to make observations of the Sun. Dr. Hale took the telescope on loan from Yerkes, although it has been here ever since. Unlike the two tower solar telescopes (which were built later), the light path for the Snow Telescope is horizontal. The building is long and originally was covered in canvas. This was a great fire hazard, and the crude building was replaced with an aluminum shell in 1911. Light from the Sun is reflected off the coelostat mirror (on the right partially in shadow) to another 30-inch mirror (at center) and reflected nearly horizontally 100 feet to the back of the building. There, it falls on a 24-inch concave mirror with a 60-foot focal length and is then brought to a focus at the entrance slit of the spectrograph as an image 6 1/2 inches across. The spectrograph is located in a 15-foot pit. Despite its simple construction, the horizontal light path of the Snow Telescope made observations difficult because heat from the sunlit ground affected the observational seeing. Therefore, shortly after being put into operation in 1904, plans were made to build the 60-foot Solar Tower." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10574
title: Interior view of the observatory that houses the 60-inch reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930

description: Photograph of the interior view of the observatory that houses the 60-inch reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930. The telescope was used "for photographing stars, nebulae, and their spectra." The telescope appears to be very solid and made of mostly metallic parts. The interior of the observatory also appears to be very solidly built and made of mostly metallic parts. A system of wheels allows the dome to open up so that the telescope can view the skies. The telescope has a system of wheels that allow users to operate and reposition the telescope. A chair sits near the telescope. Instruments and radio-like equipment sits on a table in the background.; "George Ellery Hale built the 60-inch telescope in 1908; it was the largest telescope in the world at the time. The telescope is multi-purpose, capable of providing different optical configurations for a variety of uses. Its mirror, cast in 1894 by the Saint-Gobain glassworks in France, was given to Hale by his father. At present, the telescope is primarily used in the HK Project, which studies the chromospheric variability of lower main sequence and cool evolved stars. The Atmospheric Compensation Experiment (ACE) operated from 1992 to 1995 and used adaptive optics to obtain close to diffraction-limited images of naked-eye objects." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10575
title: Interior view of the snow telescope, showing the coelostat mirrors, Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930

description: Photograph of the interior view of the snow telescope, showing the coelostat mirrors, Mount Wilson Observatory, ca.1930. The tent-like opening at the eye of the horizontal telescope reveals the skies and the mountainous landscape. Exposed to externals, coelostat mirrors and contraptions to reposition it sits on a platform. A reflection of the land below is showing in the top mirror.; "The Snow Telescope, the oldest telescope on the mountain, is named after its benefactor, Helen Snow. She donated money for its construction at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. George Ellery Hale moved the telescope to Mount Wilson in 1904 to make observations of the Sun. Dr. Hale took the telescope on loan from Yerkes, although it has been here ever since. Unlike the two tower solar telescopes (which were built later), the light path for the Snow Telescope is horizontal. The building is long and originally was covered in canvas. This was a great fire hazard, and the crude building was replaced with an aluminum shell in 1911. Light from the Sun is reflected off the coelostat mirror (on the right partially in shadow) to another 30-inch mirror (at center) and reflected nearly horizontally 100 feet to the back of the building. There, it falls on a 24-inch concave mirror with a 60-foot focal length and is then brought to a focus at the entrance slit of the spectrograph as an image 6 1/2 inches across. The spectrograph is located in a 15-foot pit. Despite its simple construction, the horizontal light path of the Snow Telescope made observations difficult because heat from the sunlit ground affected the observational seeing. Therefore, shortly after being put into operation in 1904, plans were made to build the 60-foot Solar Tower." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m2073
title: Exterior view of the First Shriners Auditorium at West Jefferson Boulevard and South Royal Street, Los Angeles, ca.1905-1915

description: Photograph of the exterior view of the First Shriners Auditorium, on the corner of West Jefferson Boulevard and South Royal Street, Los Angeles, ca.1905-1915. The Moorish-style (or Islamic-style) auditorium stands at about three-stories tall. Ornamental moldings decorate the walls throughout the building. The second floor has Islamic-horseshoe-arched recesses with windows. The roof has battlements shaped like arrowheads surrounding the perimeter of the roof on the center section of the auditorium. Small onion-shaped towers with Islamic horseshoe arched openings are situated at many different areas throughout the building. Lamp posts in the shape of an upside-down crescent moon line the sidewalk and the path from the sidewalk to the main entrance. In front of the auditorium is a two-story house (at left). The house features cant and dormer windows, and a covered porch with a balustrade surrounding it. Stained glass windows display the "Shriner's official emblem".; "Originally constructed in 1926, the Shrine Auditorium was built for the Shriner Organization. This organization, formed in the 1870s, had its first official meeting in 1872. The functions of the group were similar to those of today's fraternities, with various secret rituals and traditions. As the organization grew and spread across the United States, it eventually changed its name to the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America. The group, now known as the Shriner Organization, still exists, with well over 720,000 "shriners," and uses the Shrine Auditorium to host events associated with the club. In addition, the Shriner Organization has become a philanthropy, operating 22 Shriner Hospitals for handicapped or severely burned children. The Shrine Auditorium consists of a theater and an exposition center, which is home to various sales, conventions, and large-scale parties." -- Rich DeMuro, Staff Writer, Daily Trojan.; "The Crescent was adopted as the Jewel of the Order. Though any materials can be used in forming the Crescent, the most valuable are the claws of a Royal Bengal Tiger, united at their base in a gold setting. In the center is the head of a sphinx, and on the back are a pyramid, an urn and a star. The Jewel bears the motto "Robur et Furor," which means "Strength and Fury." Today, the Shrine emblem includes a scimitar from which the crescent hangs, and a five-pointed star beneath the head of the sphinx." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m10577
title: View of 6th Street looking west from Spring Street, [s.d.]

description: Photograph of a view of 6th Street looking west from Spring Street, [s.d.]. Most of the buildings in view are at least five-stories tall. Notable buildings include the Salt Lake Route (left), and the Los Angeles Trust and Savings Bank (right). A sign on top of the roof of the building in the foreground advertises: "R.A. Rowan & Co. (edited out), agents for this property". The street is bustling with pedestrian and vehicle traffic.; Legible signs include: "Southern Pacific", "Chicago Union Pacific", "North-Western Line", "Chicago and North-Western Railway", "Salt Lake Route", on a street sign "S. Spring St.", "The Black Cat", "cigars", "Hotel Superior, transient [...]", "Agents E[...]", "Los Angeles Trust and Savings Bank, safe deposits, savings bank, trust business", "Los Angeles Suburban Homes Co., developers Van Nuys, Lankershim, 47000 acres, H.J. Whitley, general maanger", "E.K. Wood Lumber Co., retail, U.G. Richards, manager", "Geo E. Hart & Co., real estate brokers, subdivisions", "Drs. Choate, Dr. Pallette, Dr. Myers", "Dr. S.E. Burke, dentist", "United States Farm Land Co., one million acres, California, Oregon".
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17439
title: View of 6th Street looking west from Spring Street, ca.1910

description: Photograph of a view of 6th Street looking west from Spring Street, ca.1910. Most of the buildings in view are at least five-stories tall. Notable buildings include the Salt Lake Route (left), and the Los Angeles Trust and Savings Bank (right). A sign on top of the roof of the building in the foreground advertises: "R.A. Rowan & Co. (edited out), agents for this property". The street is bustling with pedestrian and vehicle traffic. Picture file card reads: "Hayward Hotel before Storey building was built."; Legible signs include: "Southern Pacific", "Chicago Union Pacific", "North-Western Line", "Chicago and North-Western Railway", "Salt Lake Route", on a street sign "S. Spring St.", "The Black Cat", "cigars", "Hotel Superior, transient [...]", "Agents E[...]", "Los Angeles Trust and Savings Bank, safe deposits, savings bank, trust business", "Los Angeles Suburban Homes Co., developers Van Nuys, Lankershim, 47000 acres, H.J. Whitley, general maanger", "E.K. Wood Lumber Co., retail, U.G. Richards, manager", "Geo E. Hart & Co., real estate brokers, subdivisions", "Drs. Choate, Dr. Pallette, Dr. Myers", "Dr. S.E. Burke, dentist", "United States Farm Land Co., one million acres, California, Oregon".
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6072061
title: SWMF input files for the 23 July 2012 solar superstorm event

description: The dataset includes the SWMF input files for the 23 July 2012 solar superstorm event. The solar wind conditions and the geomagnetic observatories where we calculated the geomagnetic perturbations and other files needed to run the model are included.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m8988
title: Mussel Cove near Capistrano, ca.1900

description: Photograph of Mussel Cove near Capistrano, ca.1900. Foaming water crashes against the flat rocks in the right foreground. Waves further out hit the large rock formations at left. Light clouds hang over the calm ocean in the background.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6072060
title: SWMF input files for the 23 July 2012 solar superstorm event

description: The dataset includes the SWMF input files for the 23 July 2012 solar superstorm event. The solar wind conditions and the geomagnetic observatories where we calculated the geomagnetic perturbations and other files needed to run the model are included.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17440
title: View of a pueblo in Taos, "showing the old church", New Mexico, ca.1895

description: Photograph of a view of a pueblo in Taos, "showing the old church", New Mexico, ca.1895. Just beyond the small creek are the pueblos of Taos. Several dozen houses, constructed of adobe and packed into a small community, form the small community. The box-like houses are the only things in view in this desert-like community. Wild grasses cover the area in the foreground.; "Our people have a detailed oral history, which is not divulged due to religious privacy. Archeologists say that ancestors of the Taos Indians lived in this valley long before Columbus discovered America and hundreds of years before Europe emerged from the Dark Ages. Ancient ruins in the Taos Valley indicate our people lived here nearly 1000 years ago. The main part of the present buildings was most likely constructed between 1000 and 1450 A.D. The appeared much as they do today when the first Spanish explorers arrived in Northern New Mexico in 1540 and believed that the Pueblo was one of the fabled golden cities of Cibola. The two structures called Hlauuma (north house) and Hlaukwima (south house) are said to be of similar age. They are considered to be the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the USA." -- unknown author.