cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e116315v1
title: Replication data for: Debt Constraints and the Labor Wedge

description: Changes in household debt and employment across regions of the U.S. during the Great Recession are highly correlated: regions where the decrease in household debt was most pronounced were also regions where the decline in employment was most severe. We show that the drop in employment in the regions that have experienced the largest decrease in household debt is mostly accounted for by changes in the labor wedge (deviations from a static consumption-leisure choice) as opposed to changes in real wages. We argue that such a pattern is consistent with fluctuations in debt constraints in a standard Bewley-Aiyagari model.
DOI: 10.3886/e116201
title: Replication data for: The Impact of Media Censorship: 1984 or Brave New World?

description: Media censorship is a hallmark of authoritarian regimes. We conduct a field experiment in China to measure the effects of providing citizens with access to an uncensored internet. We track subjects' media consumption, beliefs regarding the media, economic beliefs, political attitudes, and behaviors over 18 months. We find four main results: (i) free access alone does not induce subjects to acquire politically sensitive information; (ii) temporary encouragement leads to a persistent increase in acquisition, indicating that demand is not permanently low; (iii) acquisition brings broad, substantial, and persistent changes to knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intended behaviors; and (iv) social transmission of information is statistically significant but small in magnitude. We calibrate a simple model to show that the combination of low demand for uncensored information and the moderate social transmission means China's censorship apparatus may remain robust to a large number of citizens receiving access to an uncensored internet.
DOI: 10.3886/e116202
title: Replication data for: The Dynamics of Discrimination: Theory and Evidence

description: We model the dynamics of discrimination and show how its evolution can identify the underlying source. We test these theoretical predictions in a field experiment on a large online platform where users post content that is evaluated by other users on the platform. We assign posts to accounts that exogenously vary by gender and evaluation histories. With no prior evaluations, women face significant discrimination. However, following a sequence of positive evaluations, the direction of discrimination reverses: women's posts are favored over men's. Interpreting these results through the lens of our model, this dynamic reversal implies discrimination driven by biased beliefs.
DOI: 10.3886/e116202v1
title: Replication data for: The Dynamics of Discrimination: Theory and Evidence

description: We model the dynamics of discrimination and show how its evolution can identify the underlying source. We test these theoretical predictions in a field experiment on a large online platform where users post content that is evaluated by other users on the platform. We assign posts to accounts that exogenously vary by gender and evaluation histories. With no prior evaluations, women face significant discrimination. However, following a sequence of positive evaluations, the direction of discrimination reverses: women's posts are favored over men's. Interpreting these results through the lens of our model, this dynamic reversal implies discrimination driven by biased beliefs.
DOI: 10.3886/e116203
title: Replication data for: Equilibrium Effects of Firm Subsidies

description: Subsidy programs have two countervailing effects on firms: direct gains for eligible firms and indirect losses for those whose competitors are eligible. In 2006, India changed the eligibility criteria for small-firm subsidies, and the sales of newly eligible firms grew by roughly 35 percent. Competitors of the newly eligible firms were affected, with almost complete crowd-out within products that were less internationally traded, but little crowd-out for more-traded products. The newly eligible firms had relatively high marginal products, so relaxing the eligibility criteria for subsidies increased aggregate productivity by around 1−2 percent. Targeting different firms could have led to similar gains.
DOI: 10.3886/e116203v1
title: Replication data for: Equilibrium Effects of Firm Subsidies

description: Subsidy programs have two countervailing effects on firms: direct gains for eligible firms and indirect losses for those whose competitors are eligible. In 2006, India changed the eligibility criteria for small-firm subsidies, and the sales of newly eligible firms grew by roughly 35 percent. Competitors of the newly eligible firms were affected, with almost complete crowd-out within products that were less internationally traded, but little crowd-out for more-traded products. The newly eligible firms had relatively high marginal products, so relaxing the eligibility criteria for subsidies increased aggregate productivity by around 1−2 percent. Targeting different firms could have led to similar gains.
DOI: 10.3886/e116315
title: Replication data for: Debt Constraints and the Labor Wedge

description: Changes in household debt and employment across regions of the U.S. during the Great Recession are highly correlated: regions where the decrease in household debt was most pronounced were also regions where the decline in employment was most severe. We show that the drop in employment in the regions that have experienced the largest decrease in household debt is mostly accounted for by changes in the labor wedge (deviations from a static consumption-leisure choice) as opposed to changes in real wages. We argue that such a pattern is consistent with fluctuations in debt constraints in a standard Bewley-Aiyagari model.
DOI: 10.3886/e116317
title: Replication data for: Medicare Part D and Portfolio Choice

description: Economic theory suggests that medical spending risk affects the extent to which households are willing to accept financial risk, and consequently their investment portfolios. In this study, we focus on the elderly for whom medical spending represents a substantial risk. We exploit the exogenous reduction in prescription drug spending risk due to the introduction of Medicare Part D in the U.S. in 2006 to identify the causal effect of medical spending risk on portfolio choice. Consistent with theory, we find that Medicare-eligible persons increased risky investment after the introduction of prescription drug coverage, relative to a younger, ineligible cohort.
DOI: 10.3886/e116317v1
title: Replication data for: Medicare Part D and Portfolio Choice

description: Economic theory suggests that medical spending risk affects the extent to which households are willing to accept financial risk, and consequently their investment portfolios. In this study, we focus on the elderly for whom medical spending represents a substantial risk. We exploit the exogenous reduction in prescription drug spending risk due to the introduction of Medicare Part D in the U.S. in 2006 to identify the causal effect of medical spending risk on portfolio choice. Consistent with theory, we find that Medicare-eligible persons increased risky investment after the introduction of prescription drug coverage, relative to a younger, ineligible cohort.
DOI: 10.3886/e116318
title: Replication data for: Tying the Double-Knot: The Role of Assets in Marriage Commitment

description: What explains the growing gap in marriage rates between socioeconomic groups? We present a robust stylized fact not previously documented: marriage rates are higher for individuals with more assets. We argue this may be driven by marriage and cohabitation becoming increasingly similar in a number of ways except for the way assets become marital property to be divided upon divorce in marriage while they remain individual property in the case of cohabitation. We propose that ownership of assets may provide "insurance" to the partner making individually costly, but jointly optimal, investments in children, thus raising the value of marriage.
DOI: 10.3886/e116318v1
title: Replication data for: Tying the Double-Knot: The Role of Assets in Marriage Commitment

description: What explains the growing gap in marriage rates between socioeconomic groups? We present a robust stylized fact not previously documented: marriage rates are higher for individuals with more assets. We argue this may be driven by marriage and cohabitation becoming increasingly similar in a number of ways except for the way assets become marital property to be divided upon divorce in marriage while they remain individual property in the case of cohabitation. We propose that ownership of assets may provide "insurance" to the partner making individually costly, but jointly optimal, investments in children, thus raising the value of marriage.
DOI: 10.3886/e116319
title: Replication data for: How Children with Mental Disabilities Affect Household Investment Decisions

description: We analyze how children with mental disabilities influence parental portfolio allocation. We find that risky asset holding decreases among households with special needs children. However, conditional on participating in financial markets, households with special needs children invest a larger portion of their wealth in risky assets. As risky asset holding is a key component of wealth building, these findings have important implications for both policy and household wealth inequality.
DOI: 10.3886/e116319v1
title: Replication data for: How Children with Mental Disabilities Affect Household Investment Decisions

description: We analyze how children with mental disabilities influence parental portfolio allocation. We find that risky asset holding decreases among households with special needs children. However, conditional on participating in financial markets, households with special needs children invest a larger portion of their wealth in risky assets. As risky asset holding is a key component of wealth building, these findings have important implications for both policy and household wealth inequality.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3566595
title: Experimental study on the variation of atmospheric magnetic field intensity in dust evets, haze events, rainy days, snowy days and thunderstorms

description: The simultaneous measurement of vertical magnetic field intensity (<em>B<sub>z</sub></em>), three-dimensional electric field (<em>E<sub>x</sub></em>, <em>E<sub>y</sub></em>, <em>E<sub>z</sub></em>), ambient temperature (<em>T</em>), ambient relative humidity (<em>RH</em>), mass concentration (<em>PM</em><sub>2.5</sub> and <em>PM</em><sub>10</sub>) and three-dimensional wind speed (<em>U<sub>x</sub></em>, <em>U<sub>y</sub></em>, <em>U<sub>z</sub></em>) were conducted at Lanzhou, China and Xi'an, China during haze events, dust events, snowfall events, rainfall events and thunderstorms. The hourly mean value and hourly standard deviation of d<em>B<sub>z</sub>/</em>d<em>t</em> were used to evaluate the disturbance level of atmospheric magnetic field (AMF) during these weather. The hourly mean value of d<em>B<sub>z</sub></em>/d<em>t</em> in dusty days, rainy days, snowy days and thunderstorms varies evidently compared to that in fair weather, which implies that these weather conditions will effectively affect the variation of AMF. Analysis of <em>E<sub>z</sub></em> and <em>U</em><em><sub>xy</sub></em> suggests that the movement of charged particles under the action of horizontal wind will change the average currents in atmosphere and induce a magnetic field, and this induced magnetic field will disturb the variation of AMF. Hence, the induced magnetic fields generated by the movement of charged particles should not be ignored in these complex weather conditions. The analysis of d<em>E<sub>xy</sub></em>/d<em>t</em> shows that the induced magnetic field generated by the change of the electric field can disturb the AMF as well. In addition, hourly standard deviations of d<em>B<sub>z</sub></em>/d<em>t</em> in haze event, snowfall event and thunderstorms are larger than that in fair weather, which means that these events can influence the fluctuation of AMF. The approximate circular motion of charged particles in the horizontal plane under turbulence was discussed to be the main reason for the intense fluctuation of AMF in haze and snowfall events, but the large fluctuation of AMF in thunderstorms maybe attributed to the transient changes of space electric field under lightning.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3566596
title: Experimental study on the variation of atmospheric magnetic field intensity in dust evets, haze events, rainy days, snowy days and thunderstorms

description: The simultaneous measurement of vertical magnetic field intensity (<em>B<sub>z</sub></em>), three-dimensional electric field (<em>E<sub>x</sub></em>, <em>E<sub>y</sub></em>, <em>E<sub>z</sub></em>), ambient temperature (<em>T</em>), ambient relative humidity (<em>RH</em>), mass concentration (<em>PM</em><sub>2.5</sub> and <em>PM</em><sub>10</sub>) and three-dimensional wind speed (<em>U<sub>x</sub></em>, <em>U<sub>y</sub></em>, <em>U<sub>z</sub></em>) were conducted at Lanzhou, China and Xi'an, China during haze events, dust events, snowfall events, rainfall events and thunderstorms. The hourly mean value and hourly standard deviation of d<em>B<sub>z</sub>/</em>d<em>t</em> were used to evaluate the disturbance level of atmospheric magnetic field (AMF) during these weather. The hourly mean value of d<em>B<sub>z</sub></em>/d<em>t</em> in dusty days, rainy days, snowy days and thunderstorms varies evidently compared to that in fair weather, which implies that these weather conditions will effectively affect the variation of AMF. Analysis of <em>E<sub>z</sub></em> and <em>U</em><em><sub>xy</sub></em> suggests that the movement of charged particles under the action of horizontal wind will change the average currents in atmosphere and induce a magnetic field, and this induced magnetic field will disturb the variation of AMF. Hence, the induced magnetic fields generated by the movement of charged particles should not be ignored in these complex weather conditions. The analysis of d<em>E<sub>xy</sub></em>/d<em>t</em> shows that the induced magnetic field generated by the change of the electric field can disturb the AMF as well. In addition, hourly standard deviations of d<em>B<sub>z</sub></em>/d<em>t</em> in haze event, snowfall event and thunderstorms are larger than that in fair weather, which means that these events can influence the fluctuation of AMF. The approximate circular motion of charged particles in the horizontal plane under turbulence was discussed to be the main reason for the intense fluctuation of AMF in haze and snowfall events, but the large fluctuation of AMF in thunderstorms maybe attributed to the transient changes of space electric field under lightning.
DOI: 10.17632/68xr4wmb4c.12
title: Data for: The impact of chronic renal disease on bariatric perioperative outcome: a MBSAQIP matched analysis

description: 2015-2016 MBSAQIP PUF
DOI: 10.3886/e116204
title: Replication data for: Family Health Behaviors

description: We study how health behaviors are shaped through family spillovers. We leverage administrative data to identify the effects of health shocks on family members' consumption of preventive care and health-related behaviors, constructing counterfactuals for affected households using households that experience the same shock but a few years in the future. Spouses and adult children immediately improve their health behaviors and their responses are both significant and persistent. These spillovers are far-reaching as they cascade even to coworkers. While some responses are consistent with learning information about one's own health, the evidence points to salience as a major operative explanation.
DOI: 10.3886/e116204v1
title: Replication data for: Family Health Behaviors

description: We study how health behaviors are shaped through family spillovers. We leverage administrative data to identify the effects of health shocks on family members' consumption of preventive care and health-related behaviors, constructing counterfactuals for affected households using households that experience the same shock but a few years in the future. Spouses and adult children immediately improve their health behaviors and their responses are both significant and persistent. These spillovers are far-reaching as they cascade even to coworkers. While some responses are consistent with learning information about one's own health, the evidence points to salience as a major operative explanation.
DOI: 10.3886/e116205
title: Replication data for: The Effect of House Prices on Household Borrowing: A New Approach

description: We investigate the effect of house prices on household borrowing using administrative mortgage data from the United Kingdom and a new empirical approach. The data contain household-level information on house prices and borrowing in a panel of homeowners, who refinance at regular and quasi-exogenous intervals. The data and setting allow us to develop an empirical approach that exploits house price variation coming from the idiosyncratic and exogenous timing of refinance events around the Great Recession. We present two main results. First, there is a clear and robust effect of house prices on borrowing. Second, the effect of house prices on borrowing can be explained largely by collateral effects. We study the collateral channel through a multivariate and nonparametric heterogeneity analysis of proxies for collateral and wealth effects.
DOI: 10.3886/e116205v1
title: Replication data for: The Effect of House Prices on Household Borrowing: A New Approach

description: We investigate the effect of house prices on household borrowing using administrative mortgage data from the United Kingdom and a new empirical approach. The data contain household-level information on house prices and borrowing in a panel of homeowners, who refinance at regular and quasi-exogenous intervals. The data and setting allow us to develop an empirical approach that exploits house price variation coming from the idiosyncratic and exogenous timing of refinance events around the Great Recession. We present two main results. First, there is a clear and robust effect of house prices on borrowing. Second, the effect of house prices on borrowing can be explained largely by collateral effects. We study the collateral channel through a multivariate and nonparametric heterogeneity analysis of proxies for collateral and wealth effects.
DOI: 10.3886/e116206
title: Replication data for: How Efficient Is Dynamic Competition? The Case of Price as Investment

description: We study industries where the price that a firm sets serves as an investment into lower cost or higher demand. We assess the welfare implications of the ensuing competition for the market using analytical and numerical approaches to compare the equilibria of a learning-by-doing model to the first-best planner solution. We show that dynamic competition leads to low deadweight loss. This cannot be attributed to similarity between the equilibria and the planner solution. Instead, we show how learning-by-doing causes the various contributions to deadweight loss to either be small or partly offset each other.
DOI: 10.3886/e116206v1
title: Replication data for: How Efficient Is Dynamic Competition? The Case of Price as Investment

description: We study industries where the price that a firm sets serves as an investment into lower cost or higher demand. We assess the welfare implications of the ensuing competition for the market using analytical and numerical approaches to compare the equilibria of a learning-by-doing model to the first-best planner solution. We show that dynamic competition leads to low deadweight loss. This cannot be attributed to similarity between the equilibria and the planner solution. Instead, we show how learning-by-doing causes the various contributions to deadweight loss to either be small or partly offset each other.
DOI: 10.3886/e116321
title: Replication data for: Debt Traps? Market Vendors and Moneylender Debt in India and the Philippines

description: A debt trap occurs when someone takes on a high-interest-rate loan and is barely able to pay back the interest, and thus perpetually finds themselves in debt (often by refinancing). Studying such practices is important for understanding financial decision-making of households in dire circumstances, and also for setting appropriate consumer protection policies. We conduct a simple experiment in three sites in which we paid off high-interest moneylender debt of individuals. Most borrowers returned to debt within six weeks. One to two years after intervention, treatment individuals were borrowing at the same rate as control households.
DOI: 10.3886/e116321v1
title: Replication data for: Debt Traps? Market Vendors and Moneylender Debt in India and the Philippines

description: A debt trap occurs when someone takes on a high-interest-rate loan and is barely able to pay back the interest, and thus perpetually finds themselves in debt (often by refinancing). Studying such practices is important for understanding financial decision-making of households in dire circumstances, and also for setting appropriate consumer protection policies. We conduct a simple experiment in three sites in which we paid off high-interest moneylender debt of individuals. Most borrowers returned to debt within six weeks. One to two years after intervention, treatment individuals were borrowing at the same rate as control households.
DOI: 10.3886/e116322
title: Replication data for: Do the Rich Get Richer in the Stock Market? Evidence from India

description: We use data on Indian stock portfolios to show that return heterogeneity is the primary contributor to increasing inequality of wealth held in risky assets by Indian individual investors. Return heterogeneity increases equity wealth inequality through two main channels, both of which are related to the prevalence of undiversified accounts that own relatively few stocks. First, some undiversified portfolios randomly do well, while others randomly do poorly. Second, larger accounts diversify more effectively and thereby earn higher average log returns even though their average simple returns are no higher than those of smaller accounts.
DOI: 10.3886/e116322v1
title: Replication data for: Do the Rich Get Richer in the Stock Market? Evidence from India

description: We use data on Indian stock portfolios to show that return heterogeneity is the primary contributor to increasing inequality of wealth held in risky assets by Indian individual investors. Return heterogeneity increases equity wealth inequality through two main channels, both of which are related to the prevalence of undiversified accounts that own relatively few stocks. First, some undiversified portfolios randomly do well, while others randomly do poorly. Second, larger accounts diversify more effectively and thereby earn higher average log returns even though their average simple returns are no higher than those of smaller accounts.
DOI: 10.3886/e116323
title: Replication data for: The Dollar, Bank Leverage, and Deviations from Covered Interest Parity

description: We document a triangular relationship in that a stronger dollar goes hand in hand with larger deviations from covered interest parity (CIP) and contractions of cross-border bank lending in dollars. We argue that underpinning the triangle is the role of the dollar as a key barometer of risk-taking capacity in global capital markets.
DOI: 10.3886/e116323v1
title: Replication data for: The Dollar, Bank Leverage, and Deviations from Covered Interest Parity

description: We document a triangular relationship in that a stronger dollar goes hand in hand with larger deviations from covered interest parity (CIP) and contractions of cross-border bank lending in dollars. We argue that underpinning the triangle is the role of the dollar as a key barometer of risk-taking capacity in global capital markets.