cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a20p0wr6k
title: Collaborative Research: Developing a high-resolution late Holocene sediment record of rapid Arctic climate change from the Beaufort Sea coastal zone

description: The PIs propose to develop a new, high-resolution (annual to subdecadal) paleoclimate record (0 to ~2,000 y) from sediment cores taken in Arctic lagoonal settings adjacent to rivers emptying into the Beaufort Sea. This effort is a follow-up to an EAGER award that allowed collection of initial core material and a seismic dataset in Simpson Lagoon near the Colville River delta in August 2010. Initial results suggest that these sediment cores contain a valuable history of system response to climate change on the adjacent continent (e.g., river drainage basins) and terrestrial-marine linkages. All cores will be analyzed for stratigraphy (X-radiography), bulk organic and mineral content, granulometry, and geochronology (239,240Pu/137Cs). Detailed analysis for paleoclimate proxies will be carried out: the age-depth relationship for the deeper part of these cores will be determined using radiocarbon. Climate indicators that will be applied are organic biomarkers (lignin-phenols, cutins, plant pigments, and ä13C) and mineral tracers (major and trace element chemistry, stable isotopes, clay mineralogy, heavy mineral assemblages, granulometry, event-layer stratigraphy). The central hypothesis is that lagoonal settings within the Beaufort Sea contain high quality sediment records because they receive sediment input from larger rivers that drain the Brooks Range, that, if exploited, will dramatically improve our knowledge of high Arctic paleoclimate over the last two millenia. The PIs hypothesize three distinct sources: 1) rivers that drain the Brooks Range and the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP), 2) storms that erode shoreline permafrosted ACP deposits and overwash barrier islands, and 3) marine primary production by phytoplankton, ice algae, and benthos. After an initial micro-scale examination of recent event layer (annual and storm deposits) mineral and POC succession, necessary to interpret paleoclimate-induced fluctuations in composition, they will examine the downcore record of temporal variations in layers, contrasting sites to decouple spatial changes in sources. Since the three source end-members have distinct mineral/POC composition, they believe that temporal variations will provide proxy information about climate changes that influence their flux magnitude including 1) landfast ice extent, 2) river sediment supply from the glaciated uplands, 3) permafrost thawing, 4) summer-fall storminess, and 5) coastal primary productivity. Noting the rapid changes that have occurred in the Arctic during the latter half of the 20th century, the federal interagency Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) program has cited the need to determine to what extent recent and ongoing climate changes in the Arctic can be attributed to anthropogenic forcing. A successful project will contribute to answering that question.
DOI: 10.18739/a2vx0640h
title: Collaborative research: Spatial and temporal variability of surface albedo and light absorbing chemical species in Greenland.

description: The collaborative team will take advantage of the currently funded Greenland Inland Traverse (GrIT) traveling between Thule and Summit Greenland to access a spatially diverse area of the GIS in order to better understand albedo variability and the snow properties that influence albedo. The GrIT route offers a unique opportunity to study a wide range of snow accumulation zones (i.e. the ablation zone, soaked snow zone, the percolation zone and the dry snow zone) across Greenland, which are expected to have a broad range of albedo values as well as significant variability in snow physical properties and concentrations of light absorbing compounds (i.e. dust, elemental carbon, and brown carbon). The project's field component will take place over two seasons during the spring of 2013 and 2014. The approach will include stopping along the traverse to collect coincident daily measurements of snow spectral albedo, snow physical properties (i.e. specific surface area, density), surface snow light absorption properties (i.e. wavelength dependent absorption of water soluble compounds and particulates), and the concentrations of trace elements, organic, and elemental carbon. Additionally, the temporal evolution of spectral albedo will be monitored continuously during the sunlit months using autonomous stations deployed along the traverse route to track seasonal variations of snow albedo and to help attribute these variations to the physical and chemical composition of the snow. The results of this project will yield a unique data set characterizing the temporal and spatial variability of surface albedo as well as the physical and chemical properties of Greenland snow, which are broadly useful to both modeling, ice mass balance, and remote sensing communities. Conference presentations, rapid publication of results, and most importantly close collaboration with modelers, (i.e. through work with the CESM PCWG) will ensure that this knowledge is used to improve process parameterizations in predictive global climate models. The team will also build on international collaborations begun in the Dartmouth IGERT program, including a week-long ambassadorship to Nuuk by co-PI Polashenski including lectures at the college and Katuuaq cultural center. Graduate, undergraduate, and high school student training will also be included in the project.
DOI: 10.18739/a2r49g96h
title: An open source framework for metadata exploration and discovery of Polar Data

description: This project will deliver an open source framework for metadata exploration, automatic text mining and information retrieval of polar data that uses the Apache Tika technology. Apache Tika is currently the de facto "babel fish", aiding in the automatic MIME detection, text extraction, and metadata classification of over 1200 data formats. The PI will expand Tika to handle polar data and scientific data formats, making Polar data more easily available, searchable, and retrievable by all major content management systems. The proposed activity will lay the framework for a thorough automatically generated inventory of polar metadata and data. Expanding Tika to handle polar data will also naturally invite the technology/open source community to deal with polar use cases, helping to increase understanding of the arctic. The resultant software produced through effort will be disseminated to the software and polar communities through the Apache Software Foundation. A computer science graduate student and postdoc will be exposed to Cryosphere and Arctic data, helping to train the next generation of cross disciplinary data scientists in the domain. The PI's Search Engines (20-40 students annual enrollment) and Software Architecture (30-50 students annual enrollment) graduate courses at USC will benefit from the Arctic cyberinfrastructure use cases disseminated through course projects and lecture material. The PI will also work collaboratively with NSF-funded projects dealing with projects focusing on the archiving, discovery and access of polar data, such as ACADIS and the Antarctic Master Directory.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.snk77d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2528795 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Netherlands",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Mammalia",
 "Year 2010-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2528795 records from 48 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0027789-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18739/a2gq6r32f
title: NEEM_2011_S1 Ice Core

description: A continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze the ~410 m NEEM-2011-S1 ice core collected in summer 2011 near the NEEM deep drilling site in NW Greenland. The core was analyzed for a broad range of elements and chemical species.
DOI: 10.18739/a27659g47
title: Collaborative Research: Ice Core Studies Reconstructing Greenland Climate During the Eemian and Beyond

description: The primary goal of this collaborative project between three institutions is to understand the extent and evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) during the Eemian period (roughly 130,000 to 115,000 years ago, the last major interglacial period in Earth's history) and the deglaciation immediately preceding it ("Termination 2"). The GrIS is an important agent influencing sea level, and Arctic and global climate, on multiple timescales. Its dynamics need to be understood in the context of past climate changes, but there is little information available about the footprint, volume, and elevation of the GrIS prior to the last ice age due to the absence of continuous ice core records prior to 123,000 years ago. During the Eemian, the GrIS was perhaps half its present size, contributing on the order of 3 m to "excess" sea level rise. Characterizing the evolution of the GrIS during glacial termination 2 and the Eemian would improve our understanding of its dynamics, and enhance our ability to make projections of sea level rise during the coming centuries. Older ice does exist at the bottoms of previously drilled ice cores, but the extraction of age and climate information from this older ice is hampered by the fact that it is stratigraphically disturbed and, in many cases, contaminated with soil or bedrock material. These investigators propose several novel methods to date this disturbed and/or "dirty" ice and to extract information on climate and ice sheet extent. The investigators will combine their new measurements and other available data to develop a more complete history of the GrIS during termination 2 and the Eemian. They will work with ice sheet modelers to investigate the constraints that the Eemian data provide for the models and improve their predictive capability. These efforts have the potential to improve our ability to predict the contribution of the GrIS to sea-level rise in the coming decades to centuries. Educational and outreach activities include the training of two graduate students, inclusion of this research in summer teacher enrichment programs, a lecture series for graduate students and postdocs, and communication of the results through the news media. PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH Blunier, T., M. L. Bender, B. Barnett, and J. C. Von Fisher. "Planetary fertility during the past 400 ka based on the triple isotope composition of O2 in trapped gases from the Vostok ice core," Climate of the Past, v.8, 2012, p. 1509. Rubino, M., D. M. Etheridge, C. M. Trudinger, C. E. Allison, M. O. Battle, R. L. Langenfelds, L. P. Steele, M. Curran, M. Bender, J. W. C. White, T. M. Jenk, T. Blunier, and R. J. Francey. "Rubino, M., D. M. Etheridge, C. M. Trudinger, C. E. Allison, M. O. Battle, R. L. Langenfelds, L. P. Steele, M. Curran, M. Bender, J. W. C. White, T. M. Jenk, T. Blunier, and R. J. Francey," Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, v.118, 2013, p. doi:10.10.
DOI: 10.18739/a23f4kp03
title: Ice Core Studies Reconstructing Greenland Climate During the Eemian and Beyond

description: The primary goal of this collaborative project between three institutions is to understand the extent and evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) during the Eemian period (roughly 130,000 to 115,000 years ago, the last major interglacial period in Earth's history) and the deglaciation immediately preceding it ("Termination 2"). The GrIS is an important agent influencing sea level, and Arctic and global climate, on multiple timescales. Its dynamics need to be understood in the context of past climate changes, but there is little information available about the footprint, volume, and elevation of the GrIS prior to the last ice age due to the absence of continuous ice core records prior to 123,000 years ago. During the Eemian, the GrIS was perhaps half its present size, contributing on the order of 3 m to "excess" sea level rise. Characterizing the evolution of the GrIS during glacial termination 2 and the Eemian would improve our understanding of its dynamics, and enhance our ability to make projections of sea level rise during the coming centuries. Older ice does exist at the bottoms of previously drilled ice cores, but the extraction of age and climate information from this older ice is hampered by the fact that it is stratigraphically disturbed and, in many cases, contaminated with soil or bedrock material. These investigators propose several novel methods to date this disturbed and/or "dirty" ice and to extract information on climate and ice sheet extent. The investigators will combine their new measurements and other available data to develop a more complete history of the GrIS during termination 2 and the Eemian. They will work with ice sheet modelers to investigate the constraints that the Eemian data provide for the models and improve their predictive capability. These efforts have the potential to improve our ability to predict the contribution of the GrIS to sea-level rise in the coming decades to centuries. Educational and outreach activities include the training of two graduate students, inclusion of this research in summer teacher enrichment programs, a lecture series for graduate students and postdocs, and communication of the results through the news media. PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH Blunier, T., M. L. Bender, B. Barnett, and J. C. Von Fisher. "Planetary fertility during the past 400 ka based on the triple isotope composition of O2 in trapped gases from the Vostok ice core," Climate of the Past, v.8, 2012, p. 1509. Rubino, M., D. M. Etheridge, C. M. Trudinger, C. E. Allison, M. O. Battle, R. L. Langenfelds, L. P. Steele, M. Curran, M. Bender, J. W. C. White, T. M. Jenk, T. Blunier, and R. J. Francey. "Rubino, M., D. M. Etheridge, C. M. Trudinger, C. E. Allison, M. O. Battle, R. L. Langenfelds, L. P. Steele, M. Curran, M. Bender, J. W. C. White, T. M. Jenk, T. Blunier, and R. J. Francey," Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, v.118, 2013, p. doi:10.10.
DOI: 10.18739/a2tx35708
title: Collaborative Research: TransArctic Paleoclimate of the Eocene

description: This collaborative research effort sought to apply the stable isotope techniques pioneered by the principal investigators for Axel Heiberg terrestrial fossils across a Trans-Arctic trajectory of Eocene field sites. The principal investigators retrieved fossil materials from the Eastern High Arctic (Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Island; 2008), the Western High Arctic (Banks Island; 2009), and near Anchorage, Alaska (2010). Fieldwork and the resulting analyses of sediments and plant/vertebrate fossils across these sites provided global quantification of Eocene northern high-latitude paleoclimate. In addition to the techniques pioneered for fossil wood, cellulose, resin, organic matter and carbonate, they applied two new chemical techniques involving phenylglucosazone derived from cellulose to imply the oxygen isotope composition of environmental water, and the use of lipid biomarkers known as glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to infer soil temperature. They anticipated that their analyses will yield a quantification of organismal carbon-cycling, soil temperature, atmospheric relative humidity, environmental water source and inference of weather pattern, across a global Eocene Arctic transect. These analyses are specifically designed to exploit the exceptionally well-preserved terrestrial organic compounds of the mummified trees and litter layers within Arctic Eocene sediments. Funding Source: Arctic Natural Sciences (ANS) Sponsor: University of Miami, 1551 Brescia Avenue, Coral Gables, FL 33146 305/284-4877
DOI: 10.18739/a2q814s94
title: Black Rapids glacier GPS data, Eastern Alaska Range, 2012-2014

description: A glacier surge is characterized by a sudden increase in speed by one to two orders of magnitude and often leads to a significant movement of the terminus of the glacier. While the role of subglacial hydraulics during the surge has been well documented, the issue of surge initiation has remained unsolved. Also, the related question of why some glaciers surge and others do not remains open. This data set supported work to investigate whether the special geometry of many Alaska Range glaciers allows particularly large shear stresses to develop that eventually allow a surge to occur. The work focused on the Black Rapids Glacier on the Denali Fault in the eastern Alaska Range. This data set contains GPS measurements that were used to derive ice velocities. The velocities are used to document glacier speed-up events that occur annually as marginal lakes drain to the glacier bed and lubricate it. Such events act like mini-surges. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of tributary glaciers to a speed-up of the main branch.
DOI: 10.18739/a2kh0f05d
title: The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data from 2012

description: The Arctic is changing. The Distributed Biological Observatory studies these changes in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Investigators sample locations that are biologically important in U.S. territorial waters. These locations have been sampled annually since 2010. Other investigators also sample the same locations. As a result, the locations are sampled multiple times a year. Data are collected on environmental conditions including water column and sea floor animals that are food for whales, seals, and birds. Data are shared internationally. The project contributes to the U.S. National Ocean Policy and Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee 5-year plan. The data will be of value to U.S. and international science and management agencies, private industry, and local communities as they try to understand changes to the environment. This data was collected in 2012.
DOI: 10.18739/a2fq9q61q
title: The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data from 2010

description: The Arctic is changing. The Distributed Biological Observatory studies these changes in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Investigators sample locations that are biologically important in U.S. territorial waters. These locations have been sampled annually since 2010. Other investigators also sample the same locations. As a result, the locations are sampled multiple times a year. Data are collected on environmental conditions including water column and sea floor animals that are food for whales, seals, and birds. Data are shared internationally. The project contributes to the U.S. National Ocean Policy and Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee 5-year plan. The data will be of value to U.S. and international science and management agencies, private industry, and local communities as they try to understand changes to the environment. This data was collected in 2010.
DOI: 10.18739/a29z90c7b
title: The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data from 2011

description: The Arctic is changing. The Distributed Biological Observatory studies these changes in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Investigators sample locations that are biologically important in U.S. territorial waters. These locations have been sampled annually since 2010. Other investigators also sample the same locations. As a result, the locations are sampled multiple times a year. Data are collected on environmental conditions including water column and sea floor animals that are food for whales, seals, and birds. Data are shared internationally. The project contributes to the U.S. National Ocean Policy and Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee 5-year plan. The data will be of value to U.S. and international science and management agencies, private industry, and local communities as they try to understand changes to the environment. This data was collected in 2011.
DOI: 10.18739/a26688k3h
title: Collaborative Research: The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO)-A Change Detection Array in the Pacific Arctic Region

description: The Arctic is changing. The Distributed Biological Observatory studies these changes in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Investigators sample locations that are biologically important in U.S. territorial waters. These locations have been sampled annually since 2010. Other investigators also sample the same locations. As a result, the locations are sampled multiple times a year. Data are collected on environmental conditions including water column and sea floor animals that are food for whales, seals, and birds. Data are shared internationally. The project contributes to the U.S. National Ocean Policy and Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee 5-year plan. The data will be of value to U.S. and international science and management agencies, private industry, and local communities as they try to understand changes to the environment. The project supports three graduate students.
 The observational plan includes standard hydrographic and biological measurements along five transect lines located in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. These sampling locations are arrayed south-to-north and reflect a gradient of seasonal sea ice change and seawater warming. The investigators chose these 5 regions because they are zones of high biological productivity and biodiversity. Results so far indicate a freshening and warming of Pacific seawater which transits northward over the spring to fall season. These changes have impacted prey for larger marine mammals and seabirds. Satellite observations are also used to evaluate seasonal changes in sea ice concentration, surface seawater temperature, and chlorophyll concentration. The biological measurements focus on lower trophic levels and shipboard surveys of upper trophic level organisms. This research will increase our understanding of the impact of key environmental forcing parameters on biological change in the system. The collection of key prey-predator biological data along with physical and chemical measurements will allow for analyses and ecosystem modeling which will promote better understanding of Arctic environmental changes.
DOI: 10.18739/a22f7jr88
title: Soil Temperature NIMS grid Barrow, Alaska 2010

description: Soil Temperature measurements were taken at each Networked Info-mechanical Systems (NIMS) grid plot. The Systems Ecology Lab (SEL) lab's Taylor Temperature Probe was used to take measurements between the matted trail and each white board at every meter at about a 10 cm depth throughout the 2010 summer in Barrow, Alaska.
DOI: 10.18739/a2p843w9w
title: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) velocity profiles adjacent to a tidewater glacier in Sarqardleq Fjord, West Greenland, from 2013-07-25 to 2013-07-27

description: The interaction of the ocean with tidewater glaciers around the margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet is thought to be a key control on ice sheet stability. Thus, understanding the processes which drive melting of the calving fronts of tidewater glaciers by the ocean is fundamental to projections of future global mean sea level rise. Our understanding is however currently limited, partly due to the scarcity of oceanographic data from close to the calving fronts of tidewater glaciers. The primary goal of these Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) water velocity measurements was to quantify the ocean conditions adjacent to a west Greenland tidewater glacier. In particular, knowledge of the water velocity is highly valuable as these are understood to be one of the two primary variables determining the rate at which the ocean melts the calving front of the glacier.