cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2h4j5
title: Data from: The assessment of science: the relative merits of post-publication review, the impact factor and the number of citations

description: Background: The assessment of scientific publications is an integral part
 of the scientific process. Here we investigate three methods of assessing
 the merit of a scientific paper: subjective post-publication peer review,
 the number of citations gained by a paper and the impact factor of the
 journal in which the article was published. Methodology/principle
 findings: We investigate these methods using two datasets in which
 subjective post-publication assessments of scientific publications have
 been made by experts. We find that there are moderate, but statistically
 significant, correlations between assessor scores, when two assessors have
 rated the same paper, and between assessor score and the number of
 citations a paper accrues. However, we show that assessor score depends
 strongly on the journal in which the paper is published, and that
 assessors tend to over-rate papers published in journals with high impact
 factors. If we control for this bias, we find that the correlation between
 assessor scores and between assessor score and the number of citations is
 weak, suggesting that scientists have little ability to judge either the
 intrinsic merit of a paper or its likely impact. We also show that the
 number of citations a paper receives is an extremely error-prone measure
 of scientific merit. Finally, we argue that the impact factor is likely to
 be a poor measure of merit, since it depends on subjective assessment.
 Conclusions: We conclude that the three measures of scientific merit
 considered here are poor; in particular subjective assessments are an
 error-prone, biased and expensive method by which to assess merit. We
 argue that the impact factor may be the most satisfactory of the methods
 we have considered, since it is a form of pre-publication review. However,
 we emphasise that it is likely to be a very error-prone measure of merit
 that is qualitative, not quantitative.
description: Wellcome Trust data -
 DryadThe Wellcome Trust data.
 Data given are the journal of publication, the score of the first and
 second assessors, the 2-year and 5-year impact factors and the number of
 citations as obtained from Google Scholar in 2011. Please cite Allen et
 al. (2009) PLoS One 4: e5910 and Eyre-Walker and Stoletzki (2013). PLoS
 BiologyF1000 data -
 DryadF1000 data. Data
 provided is the journal name, score from the first and second assessor
 (note that not all papers were assessed by two people), 2-year and 5-year
 impact factors, the number of assessors (in this analysis - there might
 have been more than 2) and the number of citations from Google Scholar as
 of 2011. Please cite Eyre-Walker and Stoletzki (2013) PLoS
 Biology
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5g5j
title: Data from: Warning signal brightness variation: sexual selection may work under the radar of natural selection in populations of a polytypic poison frog

description: Though theory predicts consistency of warning signals in aposematic
 species to facilitate predator learning, variation in these signals often
 occurs in nature. The strawberry poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio, is an
 exceptionally polytypic aposematic frog exhibiting variation in warning
 color and brightness. In the Solarte population, males and females both
 respond differentially to male brightness variation. Here, we demonstrate
 through spectrophotometry and visual modeling that variation in aposematic
 brightness within this population is likely visible to two putative
 predators (crabs, snakes) and conspecifics, but not to the presumed major
 predator (birds). This study thus suggests that signal brightness within
 D. pumilio populations can be shaped by sexual selection, with limited
 opportunity for natural selection to influence this trait due to predator
 sensory constraints. As changes in signal brightness can ultimately lead
 to changes in hue, our findings at the within-population level can provide
 insights into understanding this polytypism at across-population scales.
description: Reflectance and
 irradiance data used in analysesReflectance and
 irradiance data used in analyses. Please see ReadMe file for additional
 details.CrothersCummings_2013_AmNat_Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tj8m230
title: Data from: Maternal density stress and coccidian parasitism: synergistic effects on overwinter survival in root voles

description: 1. Individuals in poor physiological condition are known to be more
 susceptible to infection that, once it occurs, further deteriorates the
 individuals’ conditions, making them even more susceptible to infection
 and leading to death. This vicious synergy between the host condition and
 infection has recently been proposed to be among the key factors
 determining the oscillation characteristics in natural populations. Field
 studies that directly test such a hypothesis, however, are currently
 scarce, and the physiological traits involved remain largely unclear. 2.
 In this field study, we systematically examined the synergistic effects of
 maternal stress and coccidian parasitic interaction on the physiological
 conditions and overwinter survival of offspring in the root vole (Microtus
 oeconomus) via repeated live trapping and measurements of faecal
 corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels and immunocompetence in captured
 animals. 3. We found that maternal density stress significantly increased
 FCM levels and both the prevalence and intensity of coccidian infection in
 offspring, significantly suppressed offspring immunocompetence and reduced
 offspring overwinter survival. Coccidian infection significantly
 potentiated increases in FCM levels and exacerbated the immune suppression
 induced by maternal density stress. Coccidian infection also significantly
 accelerated a decrease in overwinter survival and a population decline in
 maternal-density-stressed populations. 4. Our findings indicate that both
 stress and immune systems are involved in the synergistic process through
 which stressors and parasites interact with the host to influence the
 fitness of individuals and cause a population decline in the natural
 environment.
description: data of
 FE-2017-01154.R1
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2qf6b
title: Data from: Foraging sparrows exhibit individual differences but not a syndrome when responding to multiple types of novelty

description: Differences between individuals in correlated responses across contexts
 have both functional and mechanistic implications. Such syndromes may have
 either beneficial or harmful consequences when novel changes in the
 environment occur. We used wild-caught house sparrows, Passer domesticus,
 to test in functionally relevant circumstances, whether neophobia (initial
 fear of novelty), habituation, and the learning of novel cues
 (discriminant learning) were linked by a common underlying mechanism or
 reflected separate processes. We repeatedly measured individual latencies
 to approach and also to feed from a familiar feeding site in three
 contexts: a baseline control for mild disturbance, in the presence of a
 novel object, and to a novel cue indicating hidden food. House sparrows on
 average exhibited neophobia, habituated to novel objects, and learned to
 associate new cues to a reward. We also found evidence for consistent
 individual differences in in both latencies within most contexts, but
 there was no evidence of individual differences in plasticity with
 repeated trials within either the novel object (habituation) or novel cue
 (learning) contexts. There was also little or no correlation between the
 two latencies within individuals within contexts. Individual differences
 in latencies to arrive at the food station exhibited strong correlations
 across contexts, but latencies to feed were weaker. These results suggest
 a personality trait that exists regardless of novelty, but no syndrome
 affecting reactions to different forms of novelty. House sparrows appear
 strongly plastic when responding to novel environments. Such plasticity is
 likely favored by the varied consequences of novelty across environments.
description: Baseline
 trialsData from trials
 conducted without any novelty but with a mild
 disturbance.Baseline.csvCovariance dataStacked data set of responses across all three novelty contexts suitable for multivariate mixed model analysis in SASCovariance.csvDiscriminate contextData from novel cue trialsDiscriminate.csvHabituate dataData from trails with novel objectsHabituate.csvNeophobia dataData from last 4 baseline trials and the first trials of each novel object to test individual levels of neophobia.Neophobia.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6g06h
title: Data from: Rival assessment among northern elephant seals: evidence of associative learning during male-male contests

description: Specialized signals emitted by competing males often convey honest
 information about fighting ability. It is generally believed that
 receivers use these signals to directly assess their opponents. Here, we
 demonstrate an alternative communication strategy used by males in a
 breeding system where the costs of conflict are extreme. We evaluated the
 acoustic displays of breeding male northern elephant seals (Mirounga
 angustirostris), and found that social knowledge gained through prior
 experience with signallers was sufficient to maintain structured dominance
 relationships. Using sound analysis and playback experiments with both
 natural and modified signals, we determined that males do not rely on
 encoded information about size or dominance status, but rather learn to
 recognize individual acoustic signatures produced by their rivals.
 Further, we show that behavioural responses to competitors' calls are
 modulated by relative position in the hierarchy: the highest ranking
 (alpha) males defend their harems from all opponents, whereas mid-ranking
 (beta) males respond differentially to familiar challengers based on the
 outcome of previous competitive interactions. Our findings demonstrate
 that social knowledge of rivals alone can regulate dominance relationships
 among competing males within large, spatially dynamic social groups, and
 illustrate the importance of combining descriptive and experimental
 methods when deciphering the biological relevance of animal signals.
description: raw dominance
 interaction data 2009_2013data that informed Elo
 scores.2011_ELO_SFplayback data, PC1 scoresplayback data.xlsxRaw Size Measurement Data 2010_2011Photometric data for all males measured during the 2010-2011 season
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k7vh9
title: Data from: Hybrid speciation in sparrows I: phenotypic intermediacy, genetic admixture and barriers to gene flow

description: Homoploid hybrid speciation is thought to require unusual circumstances to
 yield reproductive isolation from the parental species, and few examples
 are known from nature. Here we present genetic evidence for this mode of
 speciation in birds. Using Bayesian assignment analyses of 751 individuals
 genotyped for 14 unlinked, nuclear microsatellite loci, we show that the
 phenotypically intermediate Italian sparrow (Passer italiae) does not form
 a cluster of its own, but instead exhibits clear admixture (over its
 entire breeding range) between its putative parental species, the house
 sparrow (P. domesticus) and the Spanish sparrow (P. hispaniolensis).
 Further, the Italian sparrow possesses mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes
 identical to both putative parental species (although mostly of house
 sparrow origin), indicating a recent hybrid origin. Today, the Italian
 sparrow has a largely allopatric distribution on the Italian peninsula and
 some Mediterranean islands separated from its suggested parental species
 by the Alps and the Mediterranean Sea, but occurs sympatrically with the
 Spanish sparrow on the Gargano peninsula in southeast Italy. No evidence
 of interbreeding was found in this sympatric population. However, the
 Italian sparrow hybridizes with the house sparrow in a sparsely populated
 contact zone in the Alps. Yet, the contact zone is characterized by steep
 clines in species-specific male plumage traits, suggesting that partial
 reproductive isolation may also have developed between these two taxa.
 Thus, geographic and reproductive barriers restrict gene flow into the
 nascent hybrid species. We propose that an origin of hybrid species where
 the hybrid lineage gets geographically isolated from the parental species,
 as seems to have happened here, might be more common in nature than
 previously assumed.
description: Sample locations and
 microsatellite data_Hermansen et al. (2011)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7h083rd
title: Data from: Early MoCA predicts long-term cognitive and functional outcome and mortality after stroke

description: Objective: To examine whether the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
 administered within 7 days after stroke predicts long-term cognitive
 impairment, functional impairment, and mortality. Methods: MoCA was
 administered to 274 patients from two prospective hospital-based cohort
 studies in Germany (n=125) and France (n=149). Cognitive and functional
 outcomes were assessed at 6, 12 and 36 months post-stroke by comprehensive
 neuropsychological testing, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale,
 modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
 (IADL), and analyzed using generalized estimating equations. All-cause
 mortality was investigated by Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses
 were adjusted for demographic variables, education, vascular risk factors,
 premorbid cognitive status, and NIH Stroke Scale scores. The additive
 predictive value of MoCA was examined using receiver operating
 characteristic curves. Results: In pooled analyses a baseline MoCA
 &lt;26 was associated with cognitive impairment, defined by
 neuropsychological testing (OR: 5.30, 95%CI: 2.75-10.22) and by CDR ≥0.5
 (OR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.53-4.18), functional impairment, defined by mRS
 &gt;2 (OR: 5.03, 95%CI: 2.20-11.51) and by IADL &lt;8 (OR: 2.48,
 95%CI: 1.40-4.38), and mortality (HR: 7.24, 95%CI: 1.99-26.35) across the
 3-year follow-up. Patients with MoCA &lt;26 performed worse across all
 prespecified cognitive domains (executive function/attention, memory,
 language, visuospatial ability). MoCA increased the area under the curve
 for predicting cognitive impairment (neuropsychological testing; 0.81 vs.
 0.72, p=0.01) and functional impairment (mRS &gt;2; 0.88 vs. 0.84,
 p=0.047). Conclusion: Early cognitive testing by MoCA predicts long-term
 cognitive outcome, functional outcome and mortality after stroke. Our
 results support routine use of the MoCA in stroke patients.
description: SupplementMoCA_suppl_rev.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qg82k
title: Data from: Fungi ahoy! Diversity on marine wooden substrata in the high North

description: Marine fungi are severely understudied in the polar regions. We used
 molecularly identified cultures to study fungi inhabiting 50 intertidal
 and sea-floor logs along the North Norwegian coast. The aim was to explore
 the taxonomic and ecological diversity and to examine factors shaping the
 marine wood-inhabiting fungal communities. The 577 pure cultures analyzed
 clustered into 147 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97 % ITS
 sequence similarity. Ascomycota dominated, but OTUs belonging to
 Basidiomycota, Mucoromycotina and Chytridiomycota were also isolated. Nine
 OTUs could not be assigned to any fungal phylum. Almost half of the OTUs
 were considered non-marine. The western and eastern part of the Norwegian
 Barents Sea coast hosted different communities. Geography, substratum and
 site level variables contributed to shaping these communities. We
 characterized a previously overlooked fungal community in a poorly studied
 area, discovered high diversity and report many taxa for the first time
 from the marine environment.
description: 5.8S-LSU_Alignment_Rama&al20145.8S_AlignmentForPhylocom_Rama&al2014ITS_OrderAlignments_Rama&al2014
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rv4ku9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4677 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-101.3031 19.44734, -101.1508 19.44823, -101.1522 19.56503, -101.3041 19.56257, -101.3031 19.44734))",
 "TaxonKey is Aves",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4677 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000627-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.996f5
title: Data from: Evolutionary potential of multiple measures of upper thermal tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

description: Thermal tolerance influences the distribution and abundance of many
 species, but the adaptive capacity of species to increase upper thermal
 tolerance is poorly understood. Given that patterns of heat tolerance can
 strongly depend on assay method, it is crucial to get a better
 understanding of genetic variances and correlations among different heat
 tolerance components. This study tests for correlated responses in
 different heat tolerance assays in Drosophila melanogaster lines selected
 for increased heat tolerance following exposure to a static high
 temperature. Traits tested included heat tolerance measured under static
 (basal and hardened) and ramping assays (using different starting
 temperatures and ramping rates), with lines exposed to fluctuating
 conditions (3 days of a cycling temperature regime) and a variable food
 treatment. Selected lines had higher heat tolerance than control lines in
 all static and ramping assays. The upper thermal tolerance was up to 0·5
 °C higher in the selected compared to control lines after ten generations
 of strong selection. Selection using a static assay therefore leads to
 correlated responses in other heat-resistant components, suggesting that
 traits are genetically correlated and not influenced strongly by assay
 conditions. While the D. melanogaster population we studied harboured
 additive genetic variation to evolve increased upper thermal tolerance,
 the level detected may be insufficient to keep up with temperature
 increases predicted under climate change.
description: Heat resistance with
 hardening treatmentThis data file contains
 hardened and not hardened static heat knockdown time (min) for females and
 males of heat tolerance selected and control D. melanogaster regimes (5
 lines per regime).Heat resistance with
 food treatmentThis data file contains
 ramping heat knockdown temperature (°C) and static heat knockdown time
 (min) including a food treatment (with and without food) for females and
 males of heat tolerance selected and control D. melanogaster regimes (5
 lines per regime).Heat resistance with
 ramping rate treatmentThis data file contains
 ramping heat knockdown temperature (°C) using two ramping rates (0.06
 °C/min and 0.25 °C/min) for females and males of heat tolerance selected
 and control D. melanogaster regimes (5 lines per
 regime).Heat resistance with
 starting temperature treatmentThis data file contains
 ramping heat knockdown temperature (°C) using two starting temperatures
 (24°C and 28°C) for females and males of heat tolerance selected and
 control D. melanogaster regimes (5 lines per regime).Heat resistance with
 cycling treatmentThis data file contains
 ramping heat knockdown temperature (°C) and static knockdown time (min)
 for females and males of heat tolerance selected and control D.
 melanogaster regimes (5 lines per regime). Heat resistance was scored
 after a three day cycling temperature treatment (19-34
 °C).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1kn74rt
title: Data from: NIHSS cut-point for predicting outcome in supra- vs infra-tentorial acute ischemic stroke

description: Objective: To determine the optimal cut-point on the National Institutes
 of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) for predicting poor 90-day clinical outcome
 in patients with supra- and infra-tentorial acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
 Methods: Data are from participants of the alteplase-dose arm of the
 randomised controlled trial, Enhanced Control of Hypertension and
 Thrombolysis Stroke Study (ENCHANTED). Associations between baseline
 characteristics of clinically-defined supratentorial and infratentorial
 AIS patients and poor functional outcome, defined by scores 3-6 on the
 modified Rankin scale (mRS), were evaluated in logistic regression models,
 with area under curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristics defining
 the optimal NIHSS predictor cut-point. Results: Patients with
 infratentorial AIS (n=289) had lower baseline NIHSS scores than those with
 supratentorial AIS (n=2613) (median 7 vs 9; p &lt;0.001). NIHSS
 cut-point for poor outcome were 10 (AUC 76, sensitivity 65%, specificity
 73%) and 6 (AUC 69, sensitivity 72%, specificity 56%) in supratentorial
 and infratentorial AIS, respectively. There was no significant difference
 in functional outcome or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between AIS
 types. Conclusions: In thrombolysis-eligible AIS patients, the NIHSS may
 underestimate clinical severity for infratentorial compared to
 supratentorial lesions for a similar prognosis for recovery. Because
 thrombolysis treatment has low effect on stroke outcome in patients with
 infratentorial AIS when baseline NIHSS score is more than 6, additional
 treatment such as endovascular treatment should be considered to improve
 stroke outcome. Trial Registration: The trial is registered with
 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01422616).
description: Table
 e-1Word
 fileTable3_R2_Dryad.docxFigure e-1, Figure e-2PowerPoint fileFigure2-3_R2_Dryad.pptx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4v937
title: Data from: Complex longitudinal diversification across South China and Vietnam in Stejneger's pit viper, Viridovipera stejnegeri (Schmidt, 1925) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae)

description: Viridovipera stejnegeri is one of the most common pit vipers in Asia, with
 a wide distribution in southern China and Vietnam. We investigated
 historical demography and explored how the environment and climatic
 factors have shaped genetic diversity and the evolutionary history of this
 venomous snake. A total of 171 samples from 47 localities were sequenced
 and analysed for two mitochondrial gene fragments and three nuclear genes.
 Gene trees reveal the existence of two well-supported clades (Southwest
 China and Southeast China) with seven distinct and strongly supported,
 geographically structured subclades within V. stejnegeri. Estimation of
 divergence time and ancestral area suggests that V. stejnegeri originated
 at ~6.0 Ma in the late Miocene on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The
 estimated date of origin and divergence of the island populations of
 Taiwan and Hainan closely matches the geological origin of the both
 islands. The mtDNA gene tree reveals the presence of west–east
 diversification in V. stejnegeri populations. Complex orogenesis and
 heterogeneous habitats, as well as climate-mediated habitat
 differentiation including glacial cycles, all have influenced population
 structure and the distribution of this taxon. The validity of V.
 stejnegeri chenbihuii is questionable, and this subspecies most probably
 represents an invalid taxon.
description: Molecular phylogeography
 reveals west-east diversification in Stejneger’s pitviper Viridovipera
 stejnegeri (Schmidt, 1925) (Reptilia: Serpentes:
 Viperidae)stejnegeri_160330.fas