cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.34894/buwlsa
title: Manganese Production

description: Manganese (Mn) is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. (..) Products for construction, machinery, and transportation are leading end uses of manganese. Manganese also is a key component of certain widely used aluminum alloys and, in oxide form, dry cell batteries. As ore, additional quantities of manganese are used for such nonmetallurgical purposes as plant fertilizers, animal feed, and colorants for brick.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/ftykzl
title: Nickel Production

description: Nickel (Ni) is a transition element that exhibits a mixture of ferrous and nonferrous metal properties. It is both siderophile (i.e., associates with iron) and chalcophile (i.e., associates with sulfur). The bulk of the nickel mined comes from two types of ore deposits:
- laterites where the principal ore minerals are nickeliferous limonite [(Fe,Ni)O(OH)] and garnierite (a hydrous nickel silicate), or
- magmatic sulfide deposits where the principal ore mineral is pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8].

(..) Nickel is primarily sold for first use as refined metal (cathode, powder, briquet, etc.) or ferronickel. About 65% of the nickel consumed in the Western World is used to make austenitic stainless steel. Another 12% goes into superalloys (e.g., Inconel 600) or nonferrous alloys (e.g., cupronickel). Both families of alloys are widely used because of their corrosion resistance. The aerospace industry is a leading consumer of nickel-base superalloys. Turbine blades, discs and other critical parts of jet engines are fabricated from superalloys. Nickel-base superalloys are also used in land-based combustion turbines, such those found at electric power generation stations. The remaining 23% of consumption is divided between alloy steels, rechargeable batteries, catalysts and other chemicals, coinage, foundry products, and plating.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.3886/e242694
title: Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence - County

description: This file contains death counts and death rates for drug overdose, suicide, homicide and firearm injuries by county of residence (additional datasets exist for other levels of geography). The data is grouped by 2 different time periods including yearly and trailing twelve months. Please see data dictionary for intents and mechanisms included in each measure.



When there are 1-9 deaths in an area, CDC uses a Bayesian model to calculate rates. A Bayesian model is a type of statistical model often used in geographic analysis. This model can improve stability of the rates in lower population areas and protects privacy by taking into account information from neighboring areas.
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description: (Downloaded 1/7/2026)
DOI: 10.34894/pngma0
title: Number of Days Lost in Labour Disputes

description: This dataset provides the annual number of Days not worked as a result of Labour conflicts in a number of countries since 1927. Data is derived from the ILO publications Yearbook of Labour Statistics and the digital publications on www.ilo.org. The Yearbooks up to 1969 were digitized by the IISH by manually entering data into a spreadsheet. The ultimate aim of the dataset is to cover the entire world for the period 1850-2010.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.3886/e242694v1
title: Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence - County

description: This file contains death counts and death rates for drug overdose, suicide, homicide and firearm injuries by county of residence (additional datasets exist for other levels of geography). The data is grouped by 2 different time periods including yearly and trailing twelve months. Please see data dictionary for intents and mechanisms included in each measure.



When there are 1-9 deaths in an area, CDC uses a Bayesian model to calculate rates. A Bayesian model is a type of statistical model often used in geographic analysis. This model can improve stability of the rates in lower population areas and protects privacy by taking into account information from neighboring areas.
Read less
description: (Downloaded 1/7/2026)
DOI: 10.34894/ytiill
title: Number of Labour Disputes

description: This dataset provides the annual number of Labour conflicts in a number of countries since 1927. Data is derived from the ILO publications Yearbook of Labour Statistics and the digital publications on www.ilo.org. The Yearbooks up to 1969 were digitized by the IISH by manually entering data into a spreadsheet. The ultimate aim of the dataset is to cover the entire world for the period 1850-2010.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17932821
title: N4WLO, EM50UO, 251212-13, Meteor Scatter QSO Party

description:     Callsign Used:  N4WLO

    Operator Names and Calls: Tim Urban N4WLO

    Contact Email Address: 

    Six Character Grid Square: EM50UO

    How do you operate the MSQP? (Transmit & Receive OR Receive Only): Transmit & Receive

    Transceiver, Transmitter, Receiver - Make(s) & Model(s): ICOM IC-7100

    Transmitter Output Power (enter 'NA' for Receive Only stations): 250 Watts

    Antenna(s) used, please describe: 3 Element Yage at 35 feet.

    Bands Operated: Six and Ten
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17932822
title: N4WLO, EM50UO, 251212-13, Meteor Scatter QSO Party

description:     Callsign Used:  N4WLO

    Operator Names and Calls: Tim Urban N4WLO

    Contact Email Address: 

    Six Character Grid Square: EM50UO

    How do you operate the MSQP? (Transmit & Receive OR Receive Only): Transmit & Receive

    Transceiver, Transmitter, Receiver - Make(s) & Model(s): ICOM IC-7100

    Transmitter Output Power (enter 'NA' for Receive Only stations): 250 Watts

    Antenna(s) used, please describe: 3 Element Yage at 35 feet.

    Bands Operated: Six and Ten
DOI: 10.34894/mq6vba
title: Number of Workers Involved in Labour Disputes

description: This dataset provides the annual number of Labour conflicts in a number of countries since 1927. Data is derived from the ILO publications Yearbook of Labour Statistics and the digital publications on www.ilo.org. The Yearbooks up to 1969 were digitized by the IISH by manually entering data into a spreadsheet. The ultimate aim of the dataset is to cover the entire world for the period 1850-2010.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/i0l2th
title: Numeracy (Total)

description: Age data frequently display excess frequencies at attractive numbers, such as multiples of five. We use this “age heaping” to measure cognitive ability in quantitative reasoning, or “numeracy”. We construct a database of age heaping-based estimates of basic numeracy with exceptional geographic and temporal coverage
description: Dataset constructed with the help of several coauthors, without implying any responsibility to them for potential mistakes (Valeria Prayon, Dorothee Crayen, Dácil Juif, Ralph Hippe, Christina Mumme and many others) 

Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/5q1mfz
title: Competitiveness of Participations (PARCOMP)

description: A component of the polityIV measure.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/h3qtgj
title: Regulation of Participation (PARREG)

description: A component of the polityIV measure.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/mhmfga
title: Political Participation

description: Component of Vanhanen’s polyarchy index. Political participation is defined as the percentage of adult population that cast a ballot in elections.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/nep7bx
title: Pasture per Capita

description: Pasture occupied roughly less than 1% of the global ice-free land area for a long time period until 1000 A.D.. In the centuries that followed the share of global pasture area grew from 2% in 1700 A.D. to 24% in 2000 A.D. (34 million km2). These profound land use changes have had, and will continue to have quite considerable consequences for global biogeochemical cycles and subsequently global climate change.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/bp3tte
title: Pigs per Capita

description: Estimates of pigs per capita based on historical sources and modelling.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/nsarfe
title: Polity2 Index

description: Autocracy-democracy index (polity2)ranging between -10 (total autocracy) and 10 (total democracy) from the Polity IV dataset
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/tbqimw
title: Polyarchy

description: The value of the Democracy Index by Vanhanen. The value of the index is the ratio of the indices of political Competition and Participation. The former equals the share of votes received by the non-ruling parties in the elections, while the latter is the percentage of population that is allowed to vote.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qjecbd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((71.660275 24.586234, 71.583055 24.580657, 71.507756 24.564065, 71.43625 24.53687, 71.370313 24.499749, 71.311577 24.453623, 71.26148999999999 24.399637, 71.221284 24.339131, 71.19193799999999 24.2736, 71.17416 24.204666, 71.16837099999999 24.13403, 71.174694 24.063431, 71.192953 23.994608, 71.22268099999999 23.92925, 71.263133 23.86896, 71.313304 23.815216, 71.371955 23.76933, 71.437647 23.732426, 71.508771 23.705404, 71.58358800000001 23.688922, 71.660275 23.683383, 71.73696200000001 23.688922, 71.811779 23.705404, 71.882903 23.732426, 71.948595 23.76933, 72.00724599999999 23.815216, 72.057417 23.86896, 72.097869 23.92925, 72.12759699999999 23.994608, 72.14585599999999 24.063431, 72.152179 24.13403, 72.14639 24.204666, 72.128612 24.2736, 72.099266 24.339131, 72.05906 24.399637, 72.008973 24.453623, 71.950237 24.499749, 71.8843 24.53687, 71.812794 24.564065, 71.737495 24.580657, 71.660275 24.586234))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0082071-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.34894/90epko
title: Sex Ratio

description: Following Sen (1992), the ratio of girls to boys is used to assess discrimination against women in the area of health. There should be a fixed rate of male to female births in humans (about 5 % more boys than girls). In some countries and regions, however, there are much more boys then girls, which is often blamed on sex-selective abortion, infanticide, and neglect in health and nutrition. We focus on the age category 0–5 for two reasons. The first is that the three-fifth of missing women go missing in the birth–childhood period. Secondly, the phenomenon of missing girls at birth reflects discrimination in the household, resulting from the combination of strong preferences for sons combined with declining fertility and the spread of technologies allowing parents to know the sex of the child before birth. Missing girls/women at later stages of the life cycle reflect not only discriminatory practices against women, but also issues of general development, such as lack of healthcare, or infrastructure in terms of water and sanitation (World Bank, 2011).
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/pra4vh
title: Sheep per Capita

description: Historical sheep statistics from Mitchell are first adjusted to match the FAO statistics in 1961 (FAO presents statistics from 1961-present time). Then, the most historical data found in Mitchell is converted in a simple per-capita number, and this number is kept constant further back in time. Apparently for Europe this will result in an underestimate (evidence from Broadberry et al suggest that in Medieval times the per capita sheep number was higher), but for other regions this is probably not the case (Americas and Australia/New Zealand didn’t have sheep at all until the early 16th century resp. late 18th century).
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/lzhydp
title: Silver Production

description: Silver has been used for thousands of years as ornaments and utensils, for trade, and as the basis for many monetary systems. Of all the metals, pure silver has the whitest color, the highest optical reflectivity, and the highest thermal and electrical conductivity. Also, silver halides are photosensitive. Owing to the above properties, silver has many industrial applications such as in mirrors, electrical and electronic products, and photography, which is the largest single end use of silver. Silver's catalytic properties make it ideal for use as a catalyst in oxidation reactions; for example, the production of formaldehyde from methanol and air by means of silver screens or crystallites containing a minimum 99.95 weight-percent silver.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/xryw0g
title: SO2 Emissions per Capita

description: Sulfur aerosols impact human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and global and regional climate. A new annual estimate of anthropogenic global and regional sulfur dioxide emissions has been constructed spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. Global emissions peaked in the early 1970s and decreased until 2000, with an increase in recent years due to increased emissions in China, international shipping, and developing countries in general. An uncertainty analysis was conducted including both random and systemic uncertainties. The overall global uncertainty in sulfur dioxide emissions is relatively small, but regional uncertainties ranged up to 30%. The largest contributors to uncertainty at present are emissions from China and international shipping. Emissions were distributed on a 0.5° grid by sector for use in coordinated climate model experiments.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/qrxgsj
title: Tin Production

description: Tin is one of the earliest metals known and used. Because of its hardening effect on copper, tin was used in bronze implements as early as 3,500 B.C., although the pure metal was not used until about 600 B.C. About 35 countries mine tin throughout the world. Nearly every continent has an important tin-mining country. Tin is a relatively scarce element with an abundance in the earth's crust of about 2 parts per million (ppm), compared with 94 ppm for zinc, 63 ppm for copper, and 12 ppm for lead. Most of the world's tin is produced from placer deposits; at least one-half comes from Southeast Asia. The only mineral of commercial importance as a source of tin is cassiterite (SnO2), although small quantities of tin are recovered from complex sulfides such as stannite, cylindrite, franckeite, canfieldite, and teallite.

Most tin is used as a protective coating or as an alloy with other metals such as lead or zinc. Tin is used in coatings for steel containers, in solders for joining pipes or electrical/electronic circuits, in bearing alloys, in glass-making, and in a wide range of tin chemical applications. Secondary, or scrap, tin is an important source of the tin supply.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/wok2ti
title: Total Cattle

description: Historical livestock statistics from Mitchell are first adjusted to match the FAO statistics in 1961 (FAO presents statistics from 1961-present time). Then, the most historical data found in Mitchell is converted in a simple per-capita number, and this number is kept constant further back in time. Apparently for Europe this will result in an underestimate (evidence from Broadberry et al suggest that in Medieval times the per capita livestock number was higher), but for other regions this is probably not the case (Americas and Australia/New Zealand didn’t have livestock at all until the early 16th century resp. late 18th century).
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.eb4384
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 169 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Sphagnum papillosum",
 "Country is Germany",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2010"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 169 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0082072-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34894/epurqh
title: Total CO2 Emissions

description: The original source for carbon dioxide emissions are the estimates of the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC; Marland et al, 2004). Global, regional, and national annual estimates of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring have been calculated, some as far back as 1751 and extrapolated back to 1500. These estimates, derived primarily from energy statistics published by the United Nations, were calculated using the methods of Marland and Rotty (1984). Cement production estimates from the U.S. Department of Interior's Bureau of Mines were used to estimate CO2 emitted during cement production. Emissions from gas flaring were derived primarily from U.N. data but were supplemented with data from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration, Rotty (1974), and with a few national estimates provided by G. Marland. Timeseries are regularly updated till current time, see also the Global Carbon Project (http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/)
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/gk0vja
title: Total Cropland

description: Cropland occupied roughly less than 1% of the global ice-free land area for a long time period until 1000 A.D., quite similar like the area used for pasture. In the centuries that followed the share of global cropland increased to 2% in 1700 A.D. (ca. 3 million km2), and 11% in 2000 A.D.(15 million km2), while the share of pasture area grew from 2% in 1700 A.D. to 24% in 2000 A.D. (34 million km2) These profound land use changes have had, and will continue to have quite considerable consequences for global biogeochemical cycles and subsequently global climate change. 

Some researchers suggest that mankind has shifted from living in the Holocene (~emergence of agriculture) into the Anthropocene (~humans capable of changing the Earth’ atmosphere) since the start of the Industrial Revolution. But in the light of the sheer size and magnitude of some historical land use changes (e.g. as result of the depopulation of Europe due to the Black Plague in the 14th century and the aftermath of the colonization of the Americas in the 16th century), we believe that this point might have occurred earlier in time. While there are still many uncertainties and gaps in our knowledge about the importance of land use (change) in the global biogeochemical cycle, we hope that this database can help global (climate) change modelers to close parts of this gap.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.3886/e242695
title: Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence - State

description: This file contains death counts and death rates for drug overdose, suicide, homicide and firearm injuries by state of residence (additional datasets exist for other levels of geography). The data is grouped by 2 different time periods including yearly and trailing twelve months. Please see data dictionary for intents and mechanisms included in each measure.
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description: (Downloaded 1/7/2026)
DOI: 10.34894/rfrr6d
title: Life Expectancy at Birth (Total)

description: This dataset provides Period Life Expectancy at birth per country and year. The overall aim of the dataset is to cover the entire world for the period 1500-2000.
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.3886/e242695v1
title: Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence - State

description: This file contains death counts and death rates for drug overdose, suicide, homicide and firearm injuries by state of residence (additional datasets exist for other levels of geography). The data is grouped by 2 different time periods including yearly and trailing twelve months. Please see data dictionary for intents and mechanisms included in each measure.
Read less
description: (Downloaded 1/7/2026)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n52zdm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 746 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Laticauda laticaudata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 746 records from 33 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0082073-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34894/rvlyz1
title: Total Number of Goats

description: Historical goat statistics from Mitchell are first adjusted to match the FAO statistics in 1961 (FAO presents statistics from 1961-present time). Then, the most historical data found in Mitchell is converted in a simple per-capita number, and this number is kept constant further back in time. Apparently for Europe this will result in an underestimate (evidence from Broadberry et al suggest that in Medieval times the per capita goat number was higher), but for other regions this is probably not the case (Americas and Australia/New Zealand didn’t have goats at all until the early 16th century resp. late 18th century).
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.
DOI: 10.34894/3ss1ig
title: Total Number of Pigs

description: Historical pig statistics from Mitchell are first adjusted to match the FAO statistics in 1961 (FAO presents statistics from 1961-present time). Then, the most historical data found in Mitchell is converted in a simple per-capita number, and this number is kept constant further back in time. Apparently for Europe this will result in an underestimate (evidence from Broadberry et al suggest that in Medieval times the per capita pig number was higher), but for other regions this is probably not the case (Americas and Australia/New Zealand didn’t have pigs at all until the early 16th century resp. late 18th century).
description: Please consult the working paper for a description of the data and sources.