cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p393
title: Etica, filosofia e mediazione linguistica: dall'Etica della filosofia occidentale al codice deontologico della mediazione linguistica

description: Over the last few years, the issue of professional ethics has received much attention in the field of interpreting and translation, and in particular in the field of Community Interpreting (CI) or Public Service Interpreting (PSI). (In this chapter we will refer to CI or PSI in Italian as 'Mediazione Linguistica'.) Today, 'ethics' figures prominently in the literature, in international conferences, in interpreting courses, in translation/interpreting mailing lists as well as in the working lives of professional interpreters. As an object of theoretical inquiry (meta-ethics) as well as a guide for human conduct (normative ethics), ethics has been a prime focus of Western moral philosophy since the time of the Ancient Greeks. This chapter situates the main ethical tenets of the CI/PSI interpreting profession within the framework of the main principles of moral philosophy, namely notions of 'good', 'virtue', 'duty', 'responsibility', 'utility' and 'consequence of actions'. The three principal ethical tenets of CI/PSI discussed in this chapter, Accuracy, Impartiality and Confidentiality, were identified on the basis of a general literature review and more specifically from a variegated (and to some degree representative) sample of CI/PSI Codes of Ethics. The chapter argues that there is an underlying connection between the principal tenets of moral philosophy and those of the interpreting profession (which mirror similar ethical principles in other professions). The tenet of Accuracy could be seen as a 'contract' between interpreter and client, interpreter and source, interpreter and text/translation process/profession. The chapter situates the interpreter's sense of duty and responsibility towards this tenet at an individual and collective level, within the Kantian tradition of Duty. The other two tenets impartiality and confidentiality safeguard the interpreter's conduct towards the source (author/speaker), professional community and institution as well as towards the receiver (reader/listener).
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1992.187
title: การศึกษาการดำเนินงานของศูนย์สื่อการเรียนการสอนประจำโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการประถมศึกษาแห่งชาติ เขตการศึกษา 1 /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1992.188
title: การสอบสวนและพิจารณาคดีมรรยาททนายความ /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.503
title: การศึกษาการปฏิบัติงานของศึกษาธิการอำเภอ เขตการศึกษา 7 /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.504
title: การศึกษาการจัดศูนย์พัฒนาการเรียนการสอนภาษาอังกฤษในโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษา สังกัดกรมสามัญศึกษา ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.505
title: การดำเนินงานของศูนย์วิชาการกลุ่มโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา : การศึกษาเฉพาะกรณี จังหวัดชัยนาท /
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p413
title: Le lingue italiana e albanese a scuola: a piu di vent'anni dalle prime migrazionile prime migrazioni

description: Of all foreign students enrolled in Italian schools, the second largest group is formed by children of Albanian origin. This group is internally divided into immigrants of the second generation and those of the 'generation one and a half', all with different levels of knowledge of Italian, and of course, different needs. The teachers must keep in mind these different needs to successfully involve these children in lessons, and to improve their education. The author speaks about learning Italian as L1 by highlighting the importance of a positive approach towards the language of origin (in this case Albanian) to ensure the cognitive and linguistic development of the student. A comparison is therefore made between the structures of Albanian and Italian, which will provide the teacher with a better understanding of the linguistic background of their students.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p423
title: La semplificazione nell'italiano per studenti stranieri

description: In language education for learners of Italian as an L2 it is important to use appropriate didactic strategies. Simplification, in teaching how to understand and produce a text, is very useful. The Italian legislation does not allow for special books for foreign students, therefore simplified materials facilitate the learning process. A literacy plan of appropriate lexis, based on basic vocabulary is the first step. It is necessary that teaching makes use of appropriate and understandable aids. Only by being understood can input become intake, that is taken in and reused later on. A written text can prove difficult for many reasons: because of the handwriting, of the type of words used, of the type of linking words, of the logical-conceptual organization. The indices of readability highlight the difficulty of reading a text that has many unusual, archaic or specialist words or long sentences. Simplification does not indicate a random clearing or reduction of a text. According to some researchers, the elimination of complex terms and structures can mean an impoverishment of the input, resulting in an unnatural model text. An alternative approach may be to elaborate a text thus solving the limitations of simplification. However, several studies have shown that, unlike other strategies, such as the modification of a text through elaboration, the production of a simple text, respecting the basic criteria that distinguish a text from a non-text (e.g. cohesion, coherence, appropriateness) can be a useful teaching tool in the approach to Italian as a L2, and also to other languages studied, as shown by various experiments in the Salento with some immigrant groups.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p435
title: La mediazione linguistica e culturale come strumento esemplare per la vigenza dei diritti linguistici di prima specie

description: The relation between language and law is very complex and profound, and it includes the 'intrinsic' aspect and the 'extrinsic' one. The first deals with the theory of juridical interpretation, which is the clearest example of contact between the language and the law. Language is used to express juridical concepts and notions, whose typical feature concerns the duty to obey some statements expressed in norms, or administrative regulations, or judgments. The 'extrinsic' aspect is related to the language as a sign of identity. Language rights and duties are of three different types. The first is related to the language considered as a tool for the enjoyment of fundamental rights, the second regards national minorities, and the third concerns the languages of the foreign nationals and their descendants. The linguistic and cultural mediator is a key institution for the effective exercise of the language rights of the first type and a bridge to the enjoyment of the rights of the third type, in the search for a truly inter-cultural society.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1992.189
title: การวิเคราะห์กิจกรรมนักเรียนที่ส่งเสริมจริยธรรมในโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการประถมศึกษาแห่งชาติ /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1992.190
title: การใช้โครงการฝึกอบรมเพื่อพัฒนาสมรรถภาพผู้ดูแลเด็ก ในศูนย์เด็กปฐมวัย ในชุมชนแออัด กรุงเทพมหานคร /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.506
title: ผลของการใช้กิจกรรมคัดสรรที่มีต่อผลสัมฤทธิ์ด้านการใช้ภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อการสื่อสาร ของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 ที่มีผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนภาษาอังกฤษต่ำ /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.507
title: การเปรียบเทียบความสามารถในการใช้คำไทยและความคงอยู่ของการเรียน ของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 5 ที่เรียนโดยการแสดงละครและการอ่านบทสนทนา /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.508
title: ผลของการเรียนแบบร่วมมือโดยใช้การแบ่งกลุ่มแบบกลุ่มสัมฤทธิ์ ที่มีต่อผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนคณิตศาสตร์ของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 3 /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.509
title: การศึกษาการดำเนินการนิเทศภายในที่มีประสิทธิภาพของโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษา สังกัดกรมสามัญศึกษา เขตการศึกษา 1 /
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1993.510
title: ผลของการสอนโดยการผสมผสานเนื้อหาในกลุ่มสร้างเสริมประสบการณ์ชีวิต กับเนื้อหาในกลุ่มการงานและพื้นฐานอาชีพ ที่มีต่อผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 4 /
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p445
title: Strategie di accessibilita e negoziazione in testi legali della UE in ELF: un approccio cognitivo-funzionale all'analisi critica del discorso in contesti migratori

description: The present chapter focuses on a corpus of legal texts from the EU regarding immigration and political asylum, and concerns in particular the administrative practices involving immigrants in member states. At the basis of the study, there is the awareness that these specialized text-types are mainly built on pragmatic strategies which are principally and practically a reflection of Western routines. Such a biased representation of legal meanings and relationships is thus thought to be the main cause of misunderstandings between the parties involved, and damaging to the relationship between the authorities, on the one hand, and, on the other, the subjects of the procedures, both migrants and asylum seekers. It follows that a thorough procedure of analysis, and an intra-lingual translation (Gotti 2005) are needed. The corpus selected is analysed on the basis of a Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1995), and then reformulated through van Dijk's macrorules (1980). The fieldwork concludes the practical part of the work, and serves to: (a) highlight the relevant incongruities between the illocutionary meanings of the original statements, and the perlocutionary effect produced on receivers; and (b) propose new formulae/new patterns of action, in order to make rules accessible (Widdowson 1979) to the real receivers of the texts.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p463
title: L'immigrato, l'italiano e il burocratese

description: This chapter deals with difficulties and complexity in written institutional communication. Particularly, it focuses on the obstacles that immigrants encounter in decoding institutional texts from the initial stages of integration into the host country. The right to citizenship, the right to health, to work, are achievable only if the input offered to foreign nationals is proportional to the skills needed to decode texts, especially bureaucratic ones, which are often obscure, even for native speakers. In this regard, we examine some texts directed to immigrants, to assess the readability, the effectiveness according to the skills acquired and required, to review what is expected of immigrants and how the immigration policies of Italy manage to implement to ensure the active and conscious participation of foreign nationals in public domains: work, school, health, housing, etc.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p485
title: Un approccio corpus-driven al linguaggio dell'immigrazione

description: Cultural and linguistic mediation has a role of utmost importance in the process of the integration of migrants into new communities and systems. The activity of mediation starts with and is realized through language, which is the main and most important means of communication between the members of a society and the medium through which reality is experienced and reflected upon. Mediators operating in immigration contexts are, therefore, requested to possess high-level linguistic and cultural skills in order to facilitate migrants' access to services and benefits such as healthcare, school, or to the hosting country's legal system. However, the linguistic training of mediators has to focus on a language which is characterised by terminological, syntactic and stylistic complexity being a combination of different languages such as legal language, language of medicine, or of the school system and which is strictly interrelated with the notion of register variation and genre features. This article aims to analyse the language of the Italian website Portale dell'Immigrazione supported by the Italian Ministry of the Interior in collaboration with Poste Italiane (Post Office) and Anci (the national association of communes) dealing with procedures and guidance for visa and permit applications, the language of the Immigrazione e Asilo section on the official website of the Italian Interior Ministry and the language of a section of the British Home Office website, UK Visas and Immigration whose role is to make decisions about who has the right to visit or stay in the country. The texts available in the above mentioned websites will be collected in two comparable corpora, that is to say two collections of texts having in common topic, text types and communicative function. These corpora will be analysed by means of a piece of software for linguistic analysis with the aim of identifying the most frequent words and their patterns of usage in each language and a set of translation equivalents across the two languages. The approach and the tools used in the analyses will prove to be valid in the training of linguistic mediators with important implications on the mediators' level of specialisation, fluency and pragmatic accuracy.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p509
title: Liberta e sicurezza in Europa in materia di migrazione e asilo: profili giuridici sull'immigrazione nell'ordinamento europeo

description: The author examines, from a legal point of view, the widespread phenomenon of migration in the EU Treaty and its legal acts. In pursuant to article 3 of the Treaty, "the Union shall offer its citizen an area of liberty, security and justice", migration and related issues affect a series of fundamental rights belonging to different people who have different interests: for migrants these are, the right to entry, the right to stay, the duty to meet analytical entrance requirements; whereas for the local population they concern the right to live peacefully and in a safe condition. More specifically, this article illustrates the EU Directives regulating migration, giving emphasis to a methodology according to which EU migration acts have to be applied and interpreted striking a balance between the principle/right of liberty of migrants and the principle/right of security of the EU community.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p529
title: I lavoratori stagionali migranti di Nardo: un'indagine-studio

description: The phenomenon of migration is one of the most interesting and significant of our contemporary society, as it makes us reflect on the evolution of social, economic, cultural and legal patterns and realities of those places where migrants arrive. At the same time, an analysis of the reasons and conditions for the reception of those who emigrate can shed light on the dynamics that still today force a considerable number to flee their homelands. This study describes and comments on the results of a questionnaire completed in summer 2015 by a group of seasonal migrant workers near Copertino, Nardo and neighboring communities. Its aim was to explore the geographical, demographic and cultural features of the participants. Due to the range of questions and the diversity of the responses, this study represents a first attempt to combine research work on a subject as complex and important with the need to provide food for thought on the implications that migration entails in terms of changes to cultural and socio-economic landscape of Southern Italy.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p551
title: Traduzione del provvedimento di espulsione dello straniero

description: This chapter proposes a research into the law concerning the failure to translate measures aimed at foreign nationals, with particular reference to the expulsion decree from Italian national Territory. The right to understand Public Administration measures that restrict the rights of the foreign nationals who do not fully understand the Italian language, is closely linked to the right of defense established by article 24 of the Italian Constitution. In order to ensure the right to defence and that the foreign national can fully exercise this right, he or she must fully understand the contents of the measures concerning them. Over the years the law has changed and limited the scope of translations, for example, approving the possibility of a summarised version of the document. Moreover, if the Public Administration cannot find an interpreter who speaks the foreign national's first language, it is permissible to translate into one of the so-called working languages: English, French or Spanish. The presiding judge must verify that the document has achieved its goal and that the recipient has fully understood its content, as determined by the Constitutional Court. Consequently, the translation appears as a conditio sine qua non towards the validity of the measures aimed at the foreign national and omission or excessive brevity results in irremediable invalidity.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p559
title: La questione della traducibilita del linguaggio e del senso nella relazione con il paziente/utente straniero

description: The present chapter focuses on the clinical relationship with foreign entities in which  the foreignness is both a state language and a legal status, and thus a contingent and not existential condition. The issue concerns the translatability of language and meaning of the Other: this raises the issue of understanding and the possibility of communication and exchange. Starting from the discussion of the concepts of culture and context in the post-modern paradigm, a general model of clinical and social intervention is proposed involving a form of negotiation setting, based on extraneousness and contingency. Context and culture do not respond to universal categories, to limited space-time frames but they are the way in which the subject intends the world and his experience. This semiotic-clinical disposal represents a criterion of knowledge of the individual configurations. So it is possible to intercept the personal resources to orient a contingency-based intervention that promotes a process of co-construction of meaning, a product of the relationship between the actors. The object of the relation is the relational process in a clinical and social setting; thus, the model can direct the organization and provision of services for foreign nationals. The role of the interpreter is also considered in its general function and in particular contexts of service. The negotiating approach overcomes some critical issues integrating the semiotic socio-constructivist model with other social sciences.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p577
title: Rappresentazioni mentali, modelli culturali e concetti culturalmente specifici nel quadro della Linguistica Cognitiva: verso un approccio interculturale

description: In a dynamic and ever-evolving society, where people with different cultural backgrounds, social habits and linguistic patterns meet and interact, the intercultural linguistic mediator plays a key role as a 'facilitator of communication', providing services across a broad spectrum of socio-cultural differences. In the perspective of intercultural mediation, the approach developed by Cognitive Linguistics (CL) can serve as an important theoretical framework for the training of mediators. CL posits a close relationship between form and meaning, language and cognition, making the semantic-conceptual level the main focus of its interest. Indeed, each language categorizes the world differently, it has its own cultural models, often transmitted by metaphors; in other words, linguistic categories reflect conceptual operations carried out by speakers. It follows that understanding the conceptual mechanisms and mental representations which underlie linguistic expressions is crucial to facilitate the process of interaction between speakers belonging to different linguistic and cultural contexts. Linked to language, gesture and facial expressions are also used to convey meaning and can differ across cultures; thus it is also worth taking these two aspects of non-verbal communication into account. CL also focuses on matters of universality and language specificity. Besides a set of universal concepts or 'semantic primes', expressed in all languages and cultures in the world (even with formal variations), there are several culture-specific concepts/words/scripts and grammatical patterns, grounded in the historical and cultural experiences of each linguistic community. The formulation and interpretation of these concepts, related to typical values, norms and practices, can be a source of misunderstanding during interaction; this is why a mediator has to possess solid linguistic and cultural, or better still, intercultural competences of the two universes which come into contact, in order to help dialogue and mutual comprehension and to overcome communication barriers.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p597
title: Lingue e migrazione. Un caso di studio: l'Australia

description: This chapter focuses upon two contrasting features of the linguistic situation in Australia. On the one hand, together with nationhood, the past hundred or so years have seen the evolution of a distinct national variety of English in Australia recognizable also outside Australia. On the other, Australia, though a young nation, has been continuously inhabited by the various Aborigine and Torre Strait Islander communities for thousands of years. These have traditionally spoken a wide variety of different languages, some of which of great interest to linguists due to their peculiarity. Increasingly, although the use of Aborigine languages has until very recently been in steady decline, since the 1950s in particular, diverse ethnic groups speaking a variety of languages, both European and Asian, have settled in Australia. The National Policy on Languages (1987) formally directed Australia towards multilingualism and the teaching of English as a first and second language is promoted together with that of Aborigine and community languages. Consequently, Australia has been one of the first nations to try to capitalise on its own linguistic diversity, both as a means of strengthening links with the outside world and as a way of promoting a multiethnic and multicultural society at home. Australia presents then an interesting case study for those working with discourse in immigration domains who are concerned with the way that language policy (or the lack of one) may effect social harmony and serve not only as an indicator of the way that migrants are received and treated, but also a catalyst in itself for greater mutual respect.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v16p621
title: L'importanza dei linguaggi non verbali nella cultura indiana

description: Nonverbal languages are an integral part of human communication since they transmit substantial information such as emotions and psychological conditions, and therefore they contribute to understanding. Culture affects nonverbal behaviours. The Indian subcontinent is highly multicultural, multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multilingual, and language diversity often makes communication difficult. In India alone, there are 22 official languages besides about 400 other languages. The populations of the southern area, who speak languages of Dravidian origins, do not have a common language to communicate with people living in the North, who speak languages of Aryan origins, and even people living in the same village often speak different dialects. English, which has the status of an L2 in the country, is spoken appropriately only by those who can afford to go to English-medium schools. The majority of people can be placed in a continuum going from highly creolised forms of English to a number of 'trade pidgins'. Yet, in spite of the inability to communicate in a common language, Indians make use of nonverbal languages, such as hand and head gestures, facial expressions, eye movements, as well as less evident messages such as dress and their colours, posture and the space between speakers. Nonverbal behaviours that Indians display in daily communication are related to those found in traditional performing and aesthetic arts. The purpose of this paper is to suggest how the knowledge of nonverbal languages is useful for an appropriate intercultural competence for interaction with migrants coming from the Indian subcontinent.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/76b96c8c79ea14220657e99760de0187
title: Tree Growth in Gentry Subplots for Six Experimental Sites (NWT, CWT, HJA, HFR, LUQ, and BCI)