DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4rf
title: Data from: coexistence across space and time: social-ecological patterns within a decade of human-coyote interactions in San Francisco

description: Global change is increasing the frequency and severity of human-wildlife
 interactions by pushing people and wildlife into increasingly
 resource-limited shared spaces. To understand the dynamics of
 human-wildlife interactions, and what may constitute human-wildlife
 coexistence in the Anthropocene, there is a critical need to explore the
 spatial, temporal, sociocultural, and ecological variables that contribute
 to human-wildlife conflicts in urban areas. Due to their opportunistic
 foraging and behavioral flexibility, coyotes (Canis latrans) frequently
 interact with people in urban environments. San Francisco, California, USA
 hosts a very high density of coyotes, making it an excellent region for
 analyzing urban human-coyote interactions and attitudes toward coyotes
 over time and space. We used a community-curated long-term data source
 from San Francisco Animal Care and Control to summarize a decade of coyote
 sightings and human-coyote interactions in San Francisco and to
 characterize spatiotemporal patterns of attitudes and interaction types in
 relation to housing density, socioeconomics, pollution and human
 vulnerability metrics, and green space availability. We found that
 human-coyote conflict reports have been significantly increasing over the
 past 5 years and that there were more conflicts during the coyote
 pup-rearing season (April-June), the dry season (June-September), and the
 COVID-19 pandemic. Conflict reports were also more likely to involve dogs
 and occur inside of parks, despite more overall sightings occurring
 outside of parks. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that conflicts
 were more likely to occur in places with higher vegetation greenness and
 median income. Meanwhile reported coyote boldness, hazing, and human
 attitudes toward coyotes were also correlated with pollution burden and
 human population vulnerability indices. Synthesis and applications: Our
 results provide compelling evidence suggesting that human-coyote conflicts
 are intimately associated with social-ecological heterogeneities and time,
 emphasizing that the road to coexistence will require socially-informed
 strategies. Additional long-term research articulating how the
 social-ecological drivers of conflict (e.g., human food subsidies,
 interactions with domestic species, climate-induced droughts,
 socioeconomic disparities, etc.) change over time will be essential in
 building adaptive management efforts that effectively mitigate future
 conflicts from occurring. 
description: # Data from: coexistence across space and time: social-ecological patterns
 within a decade of human-coyote interactions in San Francisco
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4rf](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4rf) This is a cleaned, coded, and anonymized version of the community-curated San Francisco coyote sightings database, from January 2012-June 2022, as used in the *People and Nature* article entitled "Coexistence across space and time: Social-ecological patterns within a decade of human-coyote interactions in San Francisco". ## Description of the data and file structure Please see the manuscript for more information regarding this dataset. For detailed coding information, see Table 2 of the published manuscript ([https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10549](https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10549). For example, "conflict" indicates any of the following: 1) Coyote(s) touching, following, stalking, chasing, or attacking a person, pet, or domestic animal; 2) Coyote(s) threatening (i.e., baring teeth, snarling, growling, etc.) a person, pet, or domestic animal; 3) Coyote(s) killing a pet or domestic animal; 4) Coyote(s) struck by vehicle or described as disrupting traffic patterns; 5) Off-leash dog(s) chasing coyote(s).  Cells containing "NA" in the following columns: "Date of Obs", "Time of Obs", "Latitude", "Longitude" indicate a lack of information in the original dataset (such as a no date, time, or stated location).  Cells containing "NA" in the following columns: "Dog on leash", "Coyote moved on due to hazing?" indicate that the column is not applicable (i.e., no dog involved, no hazing conducted). ## Sharing/Access information These data are publicly available through the San Francisco Sunshine Ordinance (Chapter 67: The San Francisco Sunshine Ordinance of 1999). If you would like to access the data in their full form, please contact San Francisco Animal Care and Control.