DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15696642
title: DT4GS Knowledge Hub

description: DT4GS Knowledge Hub is built on a PostgreSQL database architecture designed to efficiently manage and process vast amounts of shipping-related data. This architecture is the backbone of the digital twin framework, ensuring that every piece of information—from operational metrics to environmental indicators—is captured with precision and can be reliably queried for real-time analytics. The design has been engineered to support both historical data analysis and dynamic, real-time updates, making it a critical component for achieving the project's green shipping objectives.At its core, the database architecture is characterized by its modularity and scalability. By adopting a normalized schema, the system minimizes data redundancy and enforces strict data integrity across interrelated tables. Each table is purposefully designed to represent a distinct aspect of shipping operations. For instance, operational parameters such as fuel consumption, engine hours, and CO₂ emissions are stored in dedicated tables, ensuring that data remains granular and easily accessible for analytical purposes.
description: The Knowledge Hub encompasses the following core tables, each briefly outlined below with functional descriptions and example use cases:

• Ship Cargo Transport Table

Captures detailed records of cargo operations per voyage, including total cargo transported, cargo type, and loading/unloading ports. Supports analysis of transport efficiency and emission intensity per cargo unit.

• Ship Basic Table

Contains static information about vessels, such as IMO number, ship type, dimensions, engine specs, and ownership details. Serves as the primary reference for linking all operational and environmental data.

• Ship Emissions Table

Stores measured or estimated emissions data (e.g., CO₂, NOₓ, SOₓ) linked to individual voyages or operational periods. Enables assessment of environmental impact and compliance with emission regulations.

• Ship Time Table

Tracks operational time periods, including time spent sailing, maneuvering, and in port. Used to contextualize emissions, fuel consumption, and activity profiles.

• Ship Fuel Table

Contains data on fuel consumption by fuel type (e.g., HFO, MGO, LNG), reported over specific time intervals or voyages. Supports fuel efficiency and emissions analysis.

• Case Study Table

Documents real-world pilot projects, field trials, and implementations of green or digital technologies. Includes performance outcomes, stakeholders involved, and lessons learned.

• KPI Table

Aggregates key performance indicators related to fuel use, emissions, energy efficiency, and operational performance. Enables cross-vessel benchmarking and trend monitoring.

• Best Case Scenario Table

Presents optimal performance simulations based on predictive models and assumptions. Acts as a reference point for what vessels could achieve under ideal conditions.

• Green Shipping Solutions Table

Catalogues implemented or proposed green technologies and operational strategies, including their technical characteristics and environmental impact.

• Technology Basic Table

Provides standardised definitions and attributes of maritime technologies, creating a common reference for use across all related tables.

• Energy Performance Table

Summarises vessel-level energy consumption, recovery systems, and onboard energy efficiency measures. Supports evaluation of energy-saving strategies.

• Shipping Regulation Table

Lists relevant international and regional maritime regulations affecting emissions, fuel types, vessel design, and energy performance.

• EU Projects and Programmes Table

Captures data and outputs from EU-funded initiatives relevant to decarbonisation and digitalisation in shipping. Facilitates reuse of knowledge and best practices.