cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277560.v1
title: Variation in environmental characteristics of waters among Amazon coast oyster culture units

description: ABSTRACT Oyster culture has benefited traditional coastal communities along the Amazon macrotidal mangrove coast of Pará state in Brazil since 2006. Currently, seven oyster culture units in five municipalities are expanding production, but with no environmental monitoring, which is important for the control of the impacts of oyster culture on waters as well as for oyster management and conservation. Seasonal variation in environmental characteristics of the water was evaluated at all oyster culture units in Pará, from September to November 2013 (dry season) and February to April 2014 (wet season), to generate baseline data to evaluate future impacts and aid strategic planning, such as diversifying seed production. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, depth, temperature, and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured during flooding and ebbing tides, and compared between seasons and among culture units using uni- and multivariate statistics. All variables were significantly higher in the dry season, except depth, which was significantly greater in the wet season. Mean salinity, which varied from 2.4 to 46, explained most of the variation among culture units in relation to season, sampling date within each season and tidal state. However, dissolved oxygen, pH and depth were also important. Oyster culture units in Pará may be suitable for sustainable harvesting of seed/spat from the wild (lower salinity and pH), or for on-growing (higher salinity, higher pH, and greater depth). Seasonal variation is sufficient to allow both activities at most units at appropriate times of the year, which would help increase oyster production in Pará.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277563
title: Second capture of Promops centralis (Chiroptera) in French Guiana after 28 years of mist-netting and description of its echolocation and distress calls

description: ABSTRACT The Amazonian basin harbours some of the most bat-diverse ecosystems worldwide. Yet, information on elusive, high-flying bat species such as Molossidae is scarce or virtually missing in the literature, which hampers conservation efforts both locally and globally. The recent advent of new technologies specifically designed to survey bats, such as passive ultrasound detectors and acoustic lures, has significantly increased understanding of bat ecology and distribution, and has allowed researchers to gather new and valuable information which was impossible to collect in the past. We undertook a rapid bat diversity assessment in French Guiana using acoustic lures to aid in capturing high-flying insectivorous bat species. Here we report the second and third capture record of Promops centralis (Chiroptera, Molossidae) for French Guiana, captured after 28 years since the first and only captures so far in the county. One individual was a post-lactating female and represents the first record of breeding P. centralis in French Guiana. We provide (i) morphometric and acoustic data (including the species’ distress calls) as well as detail photography to aid in species identification; and (ii) COI and CytB sequences of the two individuals (first mitochondrial sequences for French Guiana).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277566
title: A feasible method to extract DNA from the cambium of high-canopy trees: from harvest to assessment

description: ABSTRACT Many tropical trees have high canopies and their leaves are not accessible. Thus, the use of tissue from a more accessible organ (cambium) for DNA extraction may be an alternative for molecular studies. We adapted a feasible methodology for extracting genomic DNA from cambium tissue harvested in the field for the assessment with PCR. We tested three storage conditions (two buffers and a silica gel) and four periods of time after harvest. We used previously described protocols and tested them on three species that occur in Amazonian forests and other biomes: Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, Cedrela fissilis, and Ceiba speciosa. Our protocol obtained suitable PCR-grade genomic DNA for DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping. We recommend the use of silica for long-term storage and the buffer with ascorbic acid for short-term storage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277566.v1
title: A feasible method to extract DNA from the cambium of high-canopy trees: from harvest to assessment

description: ABSTRACT Many tropical trees have high canopies and their leaves are not accessible. Thus, the use of tissue from a more accessible organ (cambium) for DNA extraction may be an alternative for molecular studies. We adapted a feasible methodology for extracting genomic DNA from cambium tissue harvested in the field for the assessment with PCR. We tested three storage conditions (two buffers and a silica gel) and four periods of time after harvest. We used previously described protocols and tested them on three species that occur in Amazonian forests and other biomes: Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, Cedrela fissilis, and Ceiba speciosa. Our protocol obtained suitable PCR-grade genomic DNA for DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping. We recommend the use of silica for long-term storage and the buffer with ascorbic acid for short-term storage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277572
title: Cultivable cellulolytic fungi isolated from the gut of Amazonian aquatic insects

description: ABSTRACT Filamentous fungi have been targeted by bioprospecting studies because they are effective producers of extracellular enzymes that can potentially be used by the bioindustry. In this study, we isolated filamentous fungi from the guts of Amazonian aquatic insect larvae to evaluate their cellulolytic activity. We collected 69 larvae of shredder insects of three genera: Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in ten streams from a protected area in the central Brazilian Amazon. Production of mycelia was elaborated in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The isolates were transferred to a synthetic medium with carboxymethyl cellulose, and Congo red was used to determine the enzymatic index. The hydrolysis halo, indicating the production of cellulases, was observed in 175 fungal isolates (70% of the total), of which 25 had an enzymatic index ≥ 2.0 and belonged to seven fungal genera. The fungal taxa Cladosporium, Gliocephalotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis were isolated from guts of Phylloicus, Triplectides and Stenochironomus, which are traditionally used in biotechnological applications. Our results indicate the cellulolytic potential of fungi associated with the guts of aquatic Amazonian insects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277563.v1
title: Second capture of Promops centralis (Chiroptera) in French Guiana after 28 years of mist-netting and description of its echolocation and distress calls

description: ABSTRACT The Amazonian basin harbours some of the most bat-diverse ecosystems worldwide. Yet, information on elusive, high-flying bat species such as Molossidae is scarce or virtually missing in the literature, which hampers conservation efforts both locally and globally. The recent advent of new technologies specifically designed to survey bats, such as passive ultrasound detectors and acoustic lures, has significantly increased understanding of bat ecology and distribution, and has allowed researchers to gather new and valuable information which was impossible to collect in the past. We undertook a rapid bat diversity assessment in French Guiana using acoustic lures to aid in capturing high-flying insectivorous bat species. Here we report the second and third capture record of Promops centralis (Chiroptera, Molossidae) for French Guiana, captured after 28 years since the first and only captures so far in the county. One individual was a post-lactating female and represents the first record of breeding P. centralis in French Guiana. We provide (i) morphometric and acoustic data (including the species’ distress calls) as well as detail photography to aid in species identification; and (ii) COI and CytB sequences of the two individuals (first mitochondrial sequences for French Guiana).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277567
title: Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia

description: ABSTRACT In ectotherms, defensive responses to predators usually depend on cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy required to flee. In this study we investigate Amazonian lizards to test the hypothesis that the minimum predator approach distance (PAD) is influenced by temperature and camouflage. We test the hypothesis that PAD estimated for species with different thermoregulation modes respond differently to temperature and camouflage. We sampled 35 lizards of a heliotherm and a non-heliotherm species, for which we simulated a terrestrial visually oriented predator. Using a fixed-effects linear model, temperature positively affected PAD estimates, but the camouflage did not contribute to the model. Using a mixed linear model assuming thermoregulation mode as a random factor, camouflage negatively affected PAD estimates, independently of temperature. Our findings suggest that high exposure to predators in open habitats may be compensated by rapid fleeing optimized by high temperatures, and low fleeing performance, usually caused by relatively low temperatures in shaded habitats, may be compensated by camouflage. However, identifying the best PAD predictor greatly depended on accounting for thermoregulation mode in hypothesis testing, although the results obtained by both fixed and mixed-effects models may be relevant for conservation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277567.v1
title: Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia

description: ABSTRACT In ectotherms, defensive responses to predators usually depend on cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy required to flee. In this study we investigate Amazonian lizards to test the hypothesis that the minimum predator approach distance (PAD) is influenced by temperature and camouflage. We test the hypothesis that PAD estimated for species with different thermoregulation modes respond differently to temperature and camouflage. We sampled 35 lizards of a heliotherm and a non-heliotherm species, for which we simulated a terrestrial visually oriented predator. Using a fixed-effects linear model, temperature positively affected PAD estimates, but the camouflage did not contribute to the model. Using a mixed linear model assuming thermoregulation mode as a random factor, camouflage negatively affected PAD estimates, independently of temperature. Our findings suggest that high exposure to predators in open habitats may be compensated by rapid fleeing optimized by high temperatures, and low fleeing performance, usually caused by relatively low temperatures in shaded habitats, may be compensated by camouflage. However, identifying the best PAD predictor greatly depended on accounting for thermoregulation mode in hypothesis testing, although the results obtained by both fixed and mixed-effects models may be relevant for conservation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277570
title: Aspects of the reproductive ecology of Trachycephalus cunauaru (Anura: Hylidae) in the southern Amazon

description: ABSTRACT Trachycephalus cunauaru is an Amazonian hylid that uses phytotelmata to reproduce. There is relatively little information about the species, mainly due to the difficulty of accessing their reproductive sites. In this study, we gathered data on the ecology and natural history of T. cunauaru in the southern Amazon, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In addition to natural phytotelmata, we used buckets installed at a height of 10 m as artificial phytotelmata. We compared physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the presence of tadpoles between natural and artificial phytotelmata. We also collected data on the reproductive behavior of the species through the use of camera traps. We recorded a density of 14.1 reproductive sites per km². Environmental parameters differed significantly between artificial and natural phytotelmata. In artificial sites, the presence of tadpoles was directly related to trees with a larger diameter. We registered oophagy for the first time for the species and observed that males can use more than one phytotelm. We also recorded the presence of snakes within the reproductive sites. We determined that artificial sites and digital camera traps are a satisfactory alternative for behavioral observations of T. cunauaru and possibly for other species with a similar habit.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277570.v1
title: Aspects of the reproductive ecology of Trachycephalus cunauaru (Anura: Hylidae) in the southern Amazon

description: ABSTRACT Trachycephalus cunauaru is an Amazonian hylid that uses phytotelmata to reproduce. There is relatively little information about the species, mainly due to the difficulty of accessing their reproductive sites. In this study, we gathered data on the ecology and natural history of T. cunauaru in the southern Amazon, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In addition to natural phytotelmata, we used buckets installed at a height of 10 m as artificial phytotelmata. We compared physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the presence of tadpoles between natural and artificial phytotelmata. We also collected data on the reproductive behavior of the species through the use of camera traps. We recorded a density of 14.1 reproductive sites per km². Environmental parameters differed significantly between artificial and natural phytotelmata. In artificial sites, the presence of tadpoles was directly related to trees with a larger diameter. We registered oophagy for the first time for the species and observed that males can use more than one phytotelm. We also recorded the presence of snakes within the reproductive sites. We determined that artificial sites and digital camera traps are a satisfactory alternative for behavioral observations of T. cunauaru and possibly for other species with a similar habit.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277572.v1
title: Cultivable cellulolytic fungi isolated from the gut of Amazonian aquatic insects

description: ABSTRACT Filamentous fungi have been targeted by bioprospecting studies because they are effective producers of extracellular enzymes that can potentially be used by the bioindustry. In this study, we isolated filamentous fungi from the guts of Amazonian aquatic insect larvae to evaluate their cellulolytic activity. We collected 69 larvae of shredder insects of three genera: Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in ten streams from a protected area in the central Brazilian Amazon. Production of mycelia was elaborated in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The isolates were transferred to a synthetic medium with carboxymethyl cellulose, and Congo red was used to determine the enzymatic index. The hydrolysis halo, indicating the production of cellulases, was observed in 175 fungal isolates (70% of the total), of which 25 had an enzymatic index ≥ 2.0 and belonged to seven fungal genera. The fungal taxa Cladosporium, Gliocephalotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis were isolated from guts of Phylloicus, Triplectides and Stenochironomus, which are traditionally used in biotechnological applications. Our results indicate the cellulolytic potential of fungi associated with the guts of aquatic Amazonian insects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277576
title: Characterization of Pseudomonas bacteria of Piper tuberculatum regarding the production of potentially bio-stimulating compounds for plant growth

description: ABSTRACT Despite advances in the identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria in various plant species worldwide, little is known about such microorganisms in plants from the Amazon region. Previous studies reported that Piper tuberculatum endophytic Pseudomonas (isolates Pt12 and Pt13, identified as Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas sp., respectively) were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, which causes root rot in black pepper (Piper nigrum), and that Pt13 promoted the growth of P. nigrum. Therefore, the aim here was to characterize these bacteria regarding their ability to produce plant growth-promoting substances [siderophores, indol acetic acid (IAA) and soluble phosphate]. Chrome azurol S assays were performed for the detection of siderophores. For qualitative and quantitative assays of IAA production and phosphate solubilization, Salkowski´s reagent and NBRIP medium with molybdenum blue reagent, respectively, were used. Results revealed that Pt12 and Pt13 were able to synthesize IAA, mainly under a high concentration of L-tryptophan, indicating that they are IAA-producing bacteria, probably through a tryptophan-dependent biosynthesis pathway. The presence of P. nigrum extract positively influenced the IAA production by Pt12 and Pt13, with highest values of 125 and 90 µg mL-1, respectively. In addition, Pt12 was positive for the production of siderophores and produced 56.56 µg mL-1 of soluble phosphate. In contrast, Pt13 showed no ability to produce siderophores or to solubilize phosphate. Besides their potential in controlling plant diseases, Pt12 and Pt13 have potential as biofertilizers, favoring sustainable agriculture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277579
title: First record of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a tritrophic relation with parasitoids in a citrus orchard in Pará state, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Citriculture is a growing industry in Pará state, Brazil, but information regarding fruit flies and their associated parasitoids in this region is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, we collected oranges (Citrus sinensis), lime oranges (C. sinensis), common sweet limes (C. limettioides), citrons (C. medica) and mandarins (C. reticulata). We recorded field infestation by Anastrepha obliqua in C. sinensis under natural conditions for the first time in the study region, and a tritrophic relationship between C. sinensis, A. obliqua, and the parasitoids Opius bellus and Asobara anastrephae was identified.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277579.v1
title: First record of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a tritrophic relation with parasitoids in a citrus orchard in Pará state, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Citriculture is a growing industry in Pará state, Brazil, but information regarding fruit flies and their associated parasitoids in this region is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, we collected oranges (Citrus sinensis), lime oranges (C. sinensis), common sweet limes (C. limettioides), citrons (C. medica) and mandarins (C. reticulata). We recorded field infestation by Anastrepha obliqua in C. sinensis under natural conditions for the first time in the study region, and a tritrophic relationship between C. sinensis, A. obliqua, and the parasitoids Opius bellus and Asobara anastrephae was identified.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277581
title: Delirium in elderly inpatients in emergency units: a prospective study

description: ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the incidence of delirium in the elderly admitted to a tertiary hospital and to verify its distribution according to predictor variables. Methods Elderly patients admitted to the emergency room from April to September 2018 were included. The sample was characterized and the difference in the incidence of delirium within five days if hospitalization regarding the predictor variables was observed (Chi-square test, 5%). Results The sample consisted of 300 predominantly male participants (52%), aged 60-69 years (50.7%), eutrophic (49.3%) and with three or more pre-hospitalization diseases (42%). The incidence of delirium was 12% (95% CI 9-16). A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the number of diseases prior to hospitalization (p = 0.025), the exit from bed during hospitalization (p &lt; 0.001) and the use of bladder tube (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion The recognition of this disorder is fundamental in the emergency routine of hospitals, where patients with multiple chronic diseases are treated, as delirium commonly underdiagnosed, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277582
title: First description of the worker of Planicapritermes longilabrum with notes on the nest of Planicapritermes planiceps (Blattaria: Isoptera: Termitidae)

description: ABSTRACT Planicapritermes Emerson, 1949 is a South American termite genus with two nominal species: Planicapritermes planiceps (Emerson, 1925) and Planicapritermes longilabrum Constantino, 1998. The soldiers of this genus are characterized by strongly asymmetrical mandibles. Planicapritermes planiceps was described from soldiers and workers, and P. longilabrum only from soldiers. Here we describe and illustrate workers of P. longilabrum based on specimens collected in Rondônia state, Brazil. We also present a comparison between workers and soldiers of P. planiceps and P. longilabrum, and describe the nest of P. planiceps.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14277576.v1
title: Characterization of Pseudomonas bacteria of Piper tuberculatum regarding the production of potentially bio-stimulating compounds for plant growth

description: ABSTRACT Despite advances in the identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria in various plant species worldwide, little is known about such microorganisms in plants from the Amazon region. Previous studies reported that Piper tuberculatum endophytic Pseudomonas (isolates Pt12 and Pt13, identified as Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas sp., respectively) were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, which causes root rot in black pepper (Piper nigrum), and that Pt13 promoted the growth of P. nigrum. Therefore, the aim here was to characterize these bacteria regarding their ability to produce plant growth-promoting substances [siderophores, indol acetic acid (IAA) and soluble phosphate]. Chrome azurol S assays were performed for the detection of siderophores. For qualitative and quantitative assays of IAA production and phosphate solubilization, Salkowski´s reagent and NBRIP medium with molybdenum blue reagent, respectively, were used. Results revealed that Pt12 and Pt13 were able to synthesize IAA, mainly under a high concentration of L-tryptophan, indicating that they are IAA-producing bacteria, probably through a tryptophan-dependent biosynthesis pathway. The presence of P. nigrum extract positively influenced the IAA production by Pt12 and Pt13, with highest values of 125 and 90 µg mL-1, respectively. In addition, Pt12 was positive for the production of siderophores and produced 56.56 µg mL-1 of soluble phosphate. In contrast, Pt13 showed no ability to produce siderophores or to solubilize phosphate. Besides their potential in controlling plant diseases, Pt12 and Pt13 have potential as biofertilizers, favoring sustainable agriculture.