cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.pduuw4
title: A Statistical Modeling Approach for QCM TGA Mass Spectrometer Noise Reduction

description: The identities and outgassing rates of contaminants associated with a material determine its suitability for space applications. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is one test commonly used for evaluating these material properties. During a TGA, contaminants deposited on quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) are desorbed through heating while mass spectrometer (MS) data is collected. Three factors contribute to noise and artifacts in the MS data: (a) randomness in QCM outgassing flux, (b) MS measurement noise, and (c) constant chamber background contaminants. We present a two-step noise reduction approach that addresses these sources. First, we use QCM data to determine the number of outgassing species and kinetic parameters governing their desorption. Then, we apply these parameters to fit a linear statistical model to MS data, accounting for variance across the tested discretized mass spectrum. Once the variance is known for each mass bin, we use an adapted N-sigma method to isolate signal from noise. Our approach effectively reduces all three types of noise, improving confidence and efficiency in species identification and enabling MS-based modeling for isothermal outgassing kinetics. Although our analysis relies on the relationship between QCM and MS data, it may be applicable to other test procedures taking MS data concurrently with a measured source of mass flux.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.5kwb88
title: JLH Mark2 - An Improved Opto-Mechanical Approach to Open-Path in situ Water Vapor Measurement in the Upper Troposphere / Lower Stratosphere

description: To improve the accuracy and precision of in situ water vapor measurements from aircraft, a new opto-mechanical design was implemented on the JPL Laser Hygrometer Mark2. The first JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH Mark1), originally developed in mid-1990s, provided airborne in-situ water vapor measurements for 15 years from several platforms, including the NASA ER-2 and WB-57 aircraft. Due to heavy use over the years and aging of the instrument parts, many of the components in JLH Mark1 have been modified and replaced. This instrument paper reports the redesigned opto-mechanical structure of the instrument, new data retrieval algorithms, and updated data analysis procedures. These improvements are described in this paper, along with recent laboratory and field performance, and a comparison with other water vapor instruments. Key changes in the redesigned instrument have significantly improved the performance, as demonstrated during the NASA Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission and eight years of subsequent science flights on the Northrup Grumman Corporation Flying Test-Bed (FTB).
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.g2zhvx
title: Phased-Array Laser Power Beaming from Cislunar Space to the Lunar Surface

description: This paper introduces a rigorous analytical framework for quantitatively evaluating space-based laser power beaming from lunar-orbiting spacecraft to surface receivers, thereby addressing the critical need for continuous, robust, and high-density energy to sustain lunar exploration and habitation.The framework integrates comprehensive physics-based models of spacecraft photovoltaic generation, precise orbital geometries, time-dependent link availability and slant-range variations, coherent beam propagation (including transmitter aperture diameter, beam quality factor, path losses, and pointing jitter), and photonic-to-electrical conversion at the lunar surface. Particular emphasis is placed on phased-array transmitter systems, whose larger eﬀective apertures substantially reduce beam divergence compared to single-aperture designs, resulting in multiple orders-of-magnitude increases in delivered surface power under equivalent orbital and power conditions. By conducting parametric sensitivity analyses and illustrative numerical simulations, the study demonstrates how phased-array architectures boost power density and end-to-end eﬃciency at operational lu-nar distances. It also explores advanced orbital configurations (e.g., Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbits, Earth–Moon Lagrange points), real-time adaptive beam steering and wavefront control, optimized receiver geometries, and robust thermal/dust mitigation strategies. These findings establish a clear path toward scalable, eﬃcient laser power beaming infrastructures capable of overcoming lunar-specific challenges—such as prolonged darkness and permanently shadowed regions—and enabling transformative advances in long-duration lunar surface operations.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.glqedy
title: Characterization of Titan’s Northern Polar Terrains from Inversion of Cassini RADAR Data

description: We investigated the surface geophysical properties of Titan through a multi-angular backscattering analysis of Cassini Ku-band radar data acquired in altimetry, SAR, scatterometry and radiometry modes. We test quasi-specular scattering models in combination with a volume scattering formulation to model the backscatter coefficient as a function of incidence angle over specific areas identified from topographic and radar imaging data. From data inversion we found that the exponential model provides the better fit to the observed data. We present our results in terms of effective permittivity, surface roughness and volume scattering albedo across different backscattering uniform regions at Titan’s northern hemisphere, where both bright and dark terrains have been observed from radar imagery acquired during the mission. Our results indicate that these bright regions belong to a large low- lying plain made of material with moderate roughness, a relatively high dielectric constant and high-volume scattering albedo. In contrast, dark regions appear to consist of accumulations of solid hydrocarbons, with thicknesses reaching up to hundreds of meters, overlaying this plain. Dark regions exhibit large-scale surface roughness on the order of tens of meters, a lower dielectric constant, and lower volume albedo when compared to the bright regions. Finally, we propose some most-probable scenarios based on a list of candidate materials that may be present at the surface of Titan. Although our analysis focuses on a specific, albeit extensive, region near the North Pole, our findings may offer broader insights into the global distribution of complex organics on Titan surface, which are likely superimposed on top of a mixture of ice and organic material.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xydytg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 223492 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Lavandula stoechas)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 223492 records from 325 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037515-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.nhfkjt
title: Combining observations and models: a review of the CARDAMOM framework for data-constrained terrestrial ecosystem modeling

description: The rapid increase in the volume and variety of terrestrial biosphere observations (i.e., remote sensing data and in situ measurements) offers a unique opportunity to derive ecological insights, refine process-based models, and improve forecasting for decision support. However, despite their potential, ecological observations have primarily been used to benchmark process-based models, as many past and current models lack the capability to directly integrate observations and their associated uncertainties for parameterization. In contrast, data assimilation frameworks such as the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) and its suite of process-based models, known as the Data Assimilation Linked Ecosystem Carbon Model (DALEC), are specifically designed for model-data fusion. This review, motivated by a recent CARDAMOM community workshop, examines the development and applications of CARDAMOM, with an emphasis on its role in advancing ecosystem process understanding. CARDAMOM employs a Bayesian approach, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms to enable data-driven calibration of DALEC parameters and initial states (i.e., carbon pool sizes) through observation operators. CARDAMOM's unique ability to retrieve localized model process parameters from diverse datasets—ranging from in situ measurements to global satellite observations—makes it a highly flexible tool for analyzing spatially variable ecosystem responses to environmental change. However, assimilating these data also presents challenges, including data quality issues 90 that propagate into model skill, as well as trade-offs between model complexity, parameter equifinality, and predictive performance. We discuss potential solutions to these challenges, such as reducing parameter equifinality by incorporating new observations. This review also offers community recommendations for incorporating emerging datasets, integrating machine learning techniques, strengthening collaboration with remote sensing, field, and modeling communities, and expanding CARDAMOM’s relevance for localized ecosystem monitoring and decision making. CARDAMOM enables a deep, mechanistic understanding of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics that cannot be achieved through empirical analyses of observational datasets or weakly constrained models alone.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.19eovm
title: Worlds Next Door: A Candidate Giant Planet Imaged in the Habitable Zone of α Cen A.1 II. Binary Star Modeling, Source Detection, and Sensitivity Analysis

description: The \emph{James Webb} Space Telescope (JWST) observed our closest solar twin, $\alpha$~Centauri~A (\acenA), with the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) in the F1550C (15.5 $\mu$m) coronagraphic imaging mode at three distinct epochs between August 2024 and April 2025. For the first time with JWST, we demonstrate the application of reference star differential imaging to simultaneously subtract the coronagraphic image of a primary star (\acenA) and the point spread function (PSF) of its binary companion (\acenB) to conduct a deep search for exoplanets and exozodiacal dust emission (exozodi). We achieve a typical 5$\sigma$ point source contrast sensitivity between $\sim$$10^{-5}$--$10^{-4}$ at separations $\gtrsim$~1\arcsec\ and an signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)~$&gt;$~5 exozodi sensitivity of $\sim$2$\times$ the Solar System's zodiacal cloud around \acenA. The latter is an extraordinary limit, representing the deepest sensitivity to exozodi achieved for any stellar system to date. Additionally, post-processing with the principal component analysis-based Karhunen–Loève Image-Processing algorithm reveals a point source, called \objS, in August 2024, detected at S/N~$=$~4--6, a projected separation of $\approx$ 1\farcs5 (2 au), and with a F1550C flux density (contrast) of $\approx$ 3.5 mJy ($\approx 5.5 \times 10^{-5}$). Various tests conducted with the available data show that \objS is unlikely to be a detector artifact or PSF subtraction artifact and confirm that it is neither a background nor a foreground object. \objS is not re-detected in two follow-up observations (February and April 2025) and, if real, has moved to a region of poor sensitivity due to orbital motion. We perform PSF injection-recovery tests and provide 2D sensitivity maps for each epoch to enable orbital completeness calculations. Additional observations, with JWST or upcoming facilities, are necessary to re-detect candidate \objS and confirm its nature as a planet orbiting our nearest solar-type neighbor, \acenA. More broadly, this program highlights the challenges associated with confirming short-period ($\sim$few years) planet candidates identified without prior orbital constraints in direct imaging searches. This paper is second in a series of two papers: Paper I (Beichman \& Sanghi et al. 2025, submitted) presents the observation strategy and discusses the astrophysical case (physical and orbital properties) for \objS as a planet candidate.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.zv4sng
title: ALMA HDO Mapping of Halley-type Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks Reveals a D/H Ratio Consistent with Earth’s Water

description: Isotopic measurements of Solar System bodies provide a primary paradigm within which to understand the origins and histories of planetary materials. Due to their sensitivity to specific molecular formation pathways, as well as the local thermal and radiation environment, stable isotopic abundance ratios in solid or gas-phase molecules provide insight into the physical and chemical properties of the environment from which our Sun and planets emerged 1–3. The D/H ratio in particular, helps reveal the relationship between (and heritage of) different H2 O reservoirs within the Solar System 4, 5 . Here we present the first interferometric maps of H2O and HDO in the coma of a comet (Halley-type comet 12P/Pons-Brooks), obtained using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The maps are consistent with outgassing of both H2O and HDO directly from the nucleus, and imply a coma D/H ratio (for water) of (1.71 ± 0.28) × 10−4. This value is consistent with the D/H in Earth’s oceans, implying a possible common heritage between water ice in the Oort cloud, and the water that was delivered to the young Earth during the formation of the Solar System.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0orge8
title: The Simons Observatory: Science Goals and Forecasts for the Enhanced Large Aperture Telescope

description: We describe updated scientific goals for the wide-field, millimeter-wave survey that will be produced by the Simons Observatory (SO). Significant upgrades to the 6–meter SO Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) are expected to be complete by 2028, and will include a doubled mapping speed with 30,000 new detectors, an automated data reduction pipeline, and a photovoltaic power system. The LAT survey will cover about half the sky at a regular observing cadence, with five times the angular resolution and ten times the map depth of the Planck satellite. The science goals are to: (1) determine the physical conditions in the early universe and constrain the existence of new light particles; (2) measure the integrated distribution of mass, electron pressure, and electron momentum in the late-time universe, and, in combination with optical surveys, determine the neutrino mass and the effects of dark energy via tomographic structure growth measurements at redshifts z ≲ 3; (3) measure the distribution of electron density and pressure around galaxy groups and clusters, and calibrate the effects of energy input from galaxy formation on the surrounding environment; (4) produce a sample of more than 30,000 galaxy clusters, and more than 100,000 extragalactic millimeter sources, including regularly sampled AGN light-curves; (5) measure the polarized emission from magnetically aligned dust grains in our Galaxy, to study the properties of dust and the role of magnetic fields in star formation; (6) constrain asteroid regoliths, search for Trans-Neptunian Objects, and either detect or eliminate large portions of the phase space in the search for Planet 9; (7) provide a powerful new window into the transient universe on time scales of minutes to years, concurrent with observations from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory of overlapping sky.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.4dntjo
title: Drivers of regional surface ozone bias drivers in chemical reanalysis air quality revealed by explainable machine learning

description: This study employs an explainable machine learning (ML) framework to examine the regional dependencies of surface ozone biases and their underlying drivers in global chemical reanalysis. Surface ozone observations from the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) network and chemical reanalysis outputs from the multi-model multi-constituent chemical (MOMO-Chem) data assimilation (DA) system for the period 2005–2020 were utilized for ML training. A regression-tree-based randomized ensemble ML approach successfully reproduced the spatiotemporal patterns of ozone bias in the chemical reanalysis relative to TOAR observations across North America, Europe, and East Asia. The global distributions of ozone bias predicted by ML revealed systematic patterns influenced by meteorological conditions, geographic features, anthropogenic activities, and biogenic emissions. The primary drivers identified include temperature, surface pressure, carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (CH2O), and nitrogen oxide (NOx ) reservoirs such as nitric acid (HNO3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The ML framework provided a detailed quantification of the magnitude and variability of these drivers, delivering bias-corrected ozone estimates suitable for human health and environmental impact assessments. The findings provide valuable insights that can inform advancements in chemical transport modeling, DA, and observational system design, thereby improving surface ozone reanalysis. However, the complex interplay among numerous parameters highlights the need for rigorous validation of identified drivers against established scientific knowledge to attain a comprehensive understanding at the process level. Further advancements in ML interpretability are essential to achieve reliable, actionable outcomes and to lead to an improved reanalysis framework for more effectively mitigating air pollution and its impacts.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hyv8q3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 41442 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Material citation)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-102.60211 14.91908,-76.41967 14.91908,-76.41967 32.99005,-102.60211 32.99005,-102.60211 14.91908))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Anthozoa"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 41442 records from 61 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037549-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2tfs6j
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is BRA.25_1",
 "TaxonKey is Panthera onca",
 "Year 2000-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037550-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kr29hw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Commelina benghalensis",
 "Country is Samoa",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037551-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.veddm3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Commelina benghalensis",
 "Country is Singapore",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037553-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xc3nk2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Commelina benghalensis",
 "Country is Seychelles",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037552-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u4b84f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 546 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "GadmGid is USA.37_1",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Thamnophis sirtalis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 546 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037555-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8e4guu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 31096 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Lecanopteris pustulata)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 31096 records from 70 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037554-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/tq9d9n
title: Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Schwendinger, Peter J., Hongpadharakiree, Komsan (2023): Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5336 (4): 481-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2AbstractDamarchus pylorus sp. nov., D. lanna sp. nov. and D. dao sp. nov. are described from males and females collected in western and northern Thailand. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. and D. lanna sp. nov. are morphologically unique within the genus by males having a para-embolic apophysis and a keel composed of coarse laminae on the lower (posterior) side of the palpal organ, and by females having sperm receptacles, composed of a strongly sclerotized base and an unsclerotized head, situated on the ventral side of a relatively long genital atrium. The distantly related D. dao sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by males having a tibia I coupling spur with three megaspines. Presumed relationships of these three species and of the genus Damarchus are discussed. Information on biology and burrow structures of the new species is provided. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. stands out by plugging the side shaft of its burrow with a soil pellet; similar plugging devices in unbranched burrows are known from other spider families.
DOI: 10.15468/8q7dxh
title: Revisiting the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma) infecting pelomedusid (Pelomedusidae) freshwater turtles in Southern Africa

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Jordaan, Bernard J., H., Louis, Preez, Netherlands, Edward C. (2024): Revisiting the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma) infecting pelomedusid (Pelomedusidae) freshwater turtles in Southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae107, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae107
DOI: 10.5519/qd.wfyapviw
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (51 records)