cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1410835
title: Aggregated Frequencies Of Transcription Initiations Observed In Fantom5 Cage Data On Grch38, Including Alignments With Low Mapping Qualities

description: <strong>Overview</strong>

Aligned reads of the FANTOM5 CAGE data have been used after filtering (ones with mapping quality less than 20 or percent identity less than 85% were discarded) for general purpose, resulting in the data set consisting of only the reads aligned with confidence. The filtering process made possible to interpret the data without ambiguity, however it also limited interpretation of paralogous or duplicated regions within the genome. Here all of the 5'-ends of the CAGE read alignments, including the ones with low mapping quality, were counted. The counts in the individual profiles were aggregated and summed up. 

 

<strong>Special usage note</strong>

As noted above, this data derived from the alignments with low mapping qualities, as well as the ones with high mapping qualities. The result has to be examined very carefully: observations on the genome does not support transcription initiation with confidence, and even absence of such observation does not support silence of transcription with confidence. For example, file size on the forward strand is substantially larger than the one on the reverse strand, which is likely caused by an arbitrary preference of the alignment process. It does not mean transcription happens more frequently on the forward strand. Interpretation has to be made always in comparison with the standard data (BED files under http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datafiles/reprocessed/hg38_v4/basic/ or bigWig files under http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datahub/hg38/reads/).

 

<strong>Data files</strong>

The resulting data files are formatted as bigWig (https://genome.ucsc.edu/FAQ/FAQformat.html#format6.1). '*.fwd.bw' and '*.rev.bw' represent forward and reverse strand on the genome, respectively. 

 

<strong>Methods</strong>

The BAM files under http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datafiles/reprocessed/hg38_v4/basic/ were subjected to 5'-end counting by bedtools v2.27.1 (https://github.com/arq5x/bedtools2), followed by conversion into bigWig with jksrc v357 (http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/).
description: {"references": ["Abugessaisa I, Noguchi S, Hasegawa A, et al. Sci data 4:170107, 2017", "Lizio M, Harshbarger J, Abugessaisa I, et al. Nucleic Acids Res 45: D737\u2013D743, 2017", "Lizio M, Harshbarger J, Shimoji H, et al. Genome Biol 16: 22, 2015", "Forrest ARR, Kawaji H, Rehli M, et al. Nature 507:462\u2013470, 2014"]}
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1412715
title: Data-driven brain network models differentiate variability across language tasks

description: Data and script associated with the manuscript titled "Data-driven brain network models differentiate variability<br>
across language tasks".
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0001
title: Analysis of cold chain carbon footprint of fruits and vegetables in China

description: With the development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people’s requirements for food, the cold-chain logistics will enjoy more and more attention. The yields of fruits and vegetables in our country has been huge in recent years. To meet the trend of energy conservation and emission reduction and quantify the effect of cold chain on the environment, the life cycle assessment method was used to analyze the carbon footprint of fruits and vegetables cold-chain in the life cycle. The results show that the in each phase of cold chain, the carbon footprint of transportation accounts for a large proportion. As the storage time increases, the carbon footprint of the cold chain increases.The carbon footprint of the refrigerated transport phase and pre-refrigerated storage phase accounts for 50% -70% of the total cold chain. When the transport distance is short, the storage stage is dominant, and as the transport distance increases, the carbon footprint generated also increases.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0002
title: Design and effect analysis on new ventilated storage.

description: This paper introduces an energy-saving improvement scheme for the ventilated storage in the north of China. In view of the problems of traditional ventilated storage, using mechanical ventilation and automatic control technology in storage, the natural cold and heat sources are actively and passively utilized, to achieve real-time control temperature and ventilate automatically of storage environment, in addition, the insulation wall are improved by using new materials. By testing and contrasting the effect of heat preservation, effect of ventilation cooling and preservation effect of new ventilated storage and traditional ventilated storage, the
results show that the new ventilated storage is better than traditional ventilated storage in the effect of heat preservation, ventilation rate and temperature control of storage environment, is a storage facility with obvious advantages.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0005
title: Application of vortex control to a transcritical R744 ejector cycle.

description: This paper presents results of a novel expansion device refrigerant flow control mechanism called vortex control. The key advantage of this control mechanism is being far less vulnerable to clogging than conventional expansion devices since the flow control is achieved without having to adjust the cross-sectional flow area in order to achieve the desired modulation effect. Vortex flow control is seen as particularly promising when applied to transcriticalR744 ejectors, where flow control of the motive nozzle is known to substantially impact ejector and cycle efficiencies. Vortex control can potentially offer the advantage that overall ejector efficiency is less impacted than designs where a needle is used to modulate the motive nozzle flow. The effects of operating conditions were investigated experimentally. It is shown that vortex flow control appears to be feasible for two-phase ejectors using R744 and similar flow modulation ranges as with needle control were achieved.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0011
title: Practical guidance for optimization of defrost.

description: Regular defrost of air cooling coils is necessary to restore cooling performance but creates parasitic load on the refrigeration system and can result in short term temperature fluctuations in the refrigerated space. A new method that directly links defrost heat load to latent loads in the refrigerated facility and likely melt water flows is presented. Practical guidance, that is informed by both this method and measurements for actual systems, is provided for the optimization of defrost frequency and duration. Key aspects are: to have a method that terminates defrost once the coil is free of frost and there is no more melt water to avoid unproductive heating; and to vary the frequency of defrost to match the latent load the facility experiences so there is a similar frost loading at the start of each defrost.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0042
title: Effect of evaporation area on performance of gravity feeding refrigeration system.

description: The gravity feeding refrigeration system uses the principle of Thermosyphon to supply the refrigerant with large amount of liquid as the way of liquid refrigerant supply.The refrigerant supply in the evaporator is greater than the refrigerant evaporation, which ensures that the evaporation tube always keeps sufficient wetted,the flow velocity of refrigerant in the evaporating tube is improved, so that the convection heat transfer of the refrigerant side is strengthened, and the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator is improved.The mathematical model of evaporator in gravity feeding refrigeration system is established.The new evaporators with an area of 90%, 85%, 80%, 75% and 70% of the original evaporator area is simulated in the simulation, and the most suitable evaporator used in the experimental cold storage is selected.The evaporator is processed and applied to the experiment, and the performance of the evaporator is compared with that of the original evaporator.It is concluded that the evaporator area is 75% of the original evaporator
area, which is the best match with the experimental cold storage.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0049
title: Certified energy consultant for increased number of retail grocery stores with low energy use, safe operation and low environmental impact.

description: This paper describes the framework for a proposed certification for energy consultants targeting the grocery sector, i.e. supermarkets. Thecertificationshould cover necessary knowledge and requirements, with the overall aim of increasing energy efficiency and reducing related costs for the store at the system level. Within the retail sector, supermarkets are the most energy-intensive buildings. Buildings intended for food sector applications need to be of a special design, with requirements that differ from other premises. Half of the electricity used is employed to keep food cold. However, energy efficiency can be improved through
efficient equipment and increased knowledge, sometimes by 30-50% or more. This paper presents different skills and requirements needed by a certified energy consultant, CEC, working with energy efficiency in supermarket, from the retailer’s perspective. Thus, the specifications can be used to further develop the certification area;energy consulting for supermarkets and good practice approaches targeting this area.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0068
title: Integration of heating, cooling, and heat pumps in an industrial plant internally or connected to local district heating.

description: In an attempt to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, it has become even more important to optimise the energy consumption and get most out of the fuels used. In this discussion also comes the emissions of refrigerants, which at some stage will participate in the formation of smog, how to minimise the leaks and what gases to use in the future. This is a very big topic so to narrow it down we have decided to focus on industrial refrigeration systems placed where “waste” heat is used in a district heating system. Traditional industrial refrigeration systems was based on R-22 or R-717 as refrigerant. R-22 has an Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) and is regulated under the Montreal Protocol and most of the alternatives are now also regulated under the Montreal Protocol due to their Global Warming Potential (GWP). R-717 or ammonia has been the preferred refrigerant in industrial refrigeration systems all over the world for many years due to high efficiency and the low price of the refrigerant. Many industrial plants are originally placed outside city limits but by time the cities grow and one day the plant is surrounded by inhabited buildings. This gives problems both with the transport of products to and from the site but also the emissions of refrigerants can become a problem. The use of ammonia scrubbers has been neglected, but in many cities, it is a requirement in any ammonia machine room to use scrubbers.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0072
title: An overview of lower GWP blends for the food cold chain.

description: In the food cold chain, R-404A and R-22 are very widely used. But the ban of R-22 is now completed or ongoing according to the regions. Due to its very high GWP, R-404A will also be subject to bans or restrictions in the future. To replace R-22 and R-404A, over twenty synthetic refrigerants, mostly blends, are proposed by various producers and referenced with ASHRAE classification. This multiplicity of products is confusing. Some are proposed as alternatives to R-22, or to R-404A, or both. Some are flammable; others are not. GWP’s can vary in a wide range. This paper provides the basic concepts to understand why and when blends are needed, and the link between their formulation and their key physical and environmental properties: operating pressures, temperature glide, volumetric capacity, GWP, and flammability. The most commonly proposed alternatives are analyzed to provide some understanding of the trade-offs between GWP, flammability, and key physical parameters.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0010
title: Oil circulation rate in ejector cooling cycles.

description: The use of two-phase ejectors to recover expansion work to improve COP of transcritical R744 systems has been the subject of numerous investigations during the past decade. However, there is little understanding as to how oil in circulation in different parts of the system is affected when a two-phase ejector is used to replace the expansion valve. This paper presents detailed measurement results conducted on a transcritical R744 ejector system using polyalkylene glycol (PAG) oil, demonstrating that at the same test condition, the oil circulation rates (OCRs) in different parts of the system can easily vary by an order of magnitude. The
highest OCRs of approximately 10% by mass were measured close to the evaporator inlet. The influence of compressor speed, ejector motive nozzle needle position and evaporator inlet metering valve opening on the OCRs was investigated and it is explained why these condition changes will result in variation of oil in circulation.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0012
title: Sustainable cooling as emission reduction factor.

description: In this paper,sustainable cooling is addressedfrom a technology and energy context in the perspective of a rising need for cooling. Energy consumption and system efficiency are described through examples of integrated systems with outset in practical examples from the supermarket sector. The analysis shows that a growing cooling capacity can be obtained in line with the growth of Renewable Energy Resources and that cooling systems can play a major positive role in the sustainability codex.The specific need for a growing cold chain is addressed through a total emission perspective and it is shown that increased food security and
safety can be obtained using a low emission cold chain which reduces the food waste and loss.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0017
title: Comparative study of various supermarket refrigerating systems in european climate context.

description: Due to the enormous carbon footprint of food retail stores the interest in natural working fluids, such as propane (R290) and CO2 (R744), has recently intensified in the commercial refrigeration sector. In this theoretical investigationthe performance of various technologies employing low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants was compared in an average-size supermarket located in different European cities. It was found that a R744 multi-ejector enhanced parallel compression systemconsumed from 24.6% in
Athens (Greece) to 37.1% in Oslo (Norway) less electricity compared to a R404A direct expansion refrigerating solution (baseline). Also, the results obtained suggested that CO2/R1234ze(E) indirect arrangements perform slightly better than CO2/R290 indirect units. In particular, the former offered, at best, energy savings by 6.9% (in Athens) over the selected baseline. Finally, it was revealed that the solution outfitted with the multi-ejector block featuresbetween 36.8% and50.3% in heating mode and between 3.1%
and18% in air conditioning (AC) mode lower total power input than separated hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) units over the selected range of outdoor temperatures. It could be concluded that highly efficient as well as climate friendly technologies are readily available for the European food retail industry.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0024
title: Evaluation of microwave assisted freezing (MAF) impact on meat and fish matrices.

description: Several preservation methods have been investigated, developed and exploited over the last years but freezing still remains one of the most popular among them which offers fresh-like characteristics on the food matrix after long period of storage. The freezing process of food matrices is affected by their dominant constituent which is water. The final quality of the frozen product depends on the phase transition or the crystallization process of changing water into ice. The size of the ice crystals is critical for the final quality of the frozen food. In the present study a novel more advanced experimental setup was designed and developed for the application of microwave radiation during freezing. The influence of microwave assisted freezing (MAF) on meat and fish matrices under different conditions was investigated and promising results regarding the microstructure of the frozen samples were acquired.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0038
title: Numerical study on frosting characteristics of air coolers.

description: Air cooler frosting will seriously affect the performance of theheat transfer processas well as thewhole refrigeration system.The mathematical model of the frosting process was studied, which took into the correlation of air pressure and air flow rate.The frosting characteristics(frost thickness, frost density, frost mass, andair pressure drop) were calculated and analyzedunder different frosting conditions (inlet air temperature, relative humidity, and air coolers structure). The numerical study results showedthat frost
thickness, frost mass andair pressure drop increase faster, and the air flow ratere duce fast erunder conditionswhere the inlet air temperature and relative humidityare higher. Besides, we found that the frosting characteristics of different air coolers structure are different. The theoretical basis is provided for determining the best defrosting time, achieving the best defrosting effect, and saving energy.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0057
title: Experimental characterization of heat transfer in a pallet of cheese.

description: During refrigerated transport and storage, cheese generates heat via respiration of the living microorganisms inside and at the surface of the product. In order to ensure the level and uniformity of temperature within a pallet, it is important to take into account this amount of heat. This work aimed to study the influences of different parameters on the heat transfer for which forced convection around the pallet interacts with free/mixed convection inside it. An experimental device was used in which the cheese was replaced by plaster blocs; each bloc being equipped with a heating resistance to simulate the produce heat generation. The pallet was placed in a room under controlled operating conditions. Two upwind air velocities were selected: 0.31m/s and 0.73 m/s; the heat generating varied between 0.05W and 0.30W per product of 0.25 kg. Adimensionless correlation predicting the maximal temperaturein function of the operating conditions was established.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0069
title: The effect of Freeze-thaw cycles on storage quality of prawns.

description: Because of China's cold chain system is not complete, wild temperature fluctuations occur in the process of storage, transportation, sales and consumption. The frozen food will thaw and refreezewhen the temperature fluctuation is too large. When this happened many times, it is called the freeze-thaw cycle. The freeze-thaw cycle would lead to a series of physiological and biochemical reactions, which will affect the quality of food. In this paper,taking protein content, TVB-N value, TBARS value, thawing loss rate andsensory qualityas evaluation index, the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the storage quality of prawns were studied. Resultswould provide a theoretical reference for the production enterprise that the effect of freeze-thaw cycle on the prawns during freezing, storage, processing, transportation and sales, which could contribute to better control the quality of freezing prawns bythe enterprise.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0070
title: The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on frozen storage quality of pig trotters.

description: In this paper, the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) value, collagen content, thaw drip loss and protein content of pig trotters at -20±1 ℃ were studied. The results showed that the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on each index of pig trotter were significant (p&lt;0.05). With the increasing freeze-thaw cycle times, the TVB-N value increased, lipid oxidation aggravated, collagen content and protein content decreased, thawing loss rate increased.
Therefore, the sensory quality, eating quality and nutritional quality of pig trotter had greatly changed after freeze-thaw cycles. A comprehensive study of the results showed the quality of pig trotters deteriorated apparently after 3 freeze-thaw cycles, and the pig trotter decayed after 6 freeze-thaw cycles losing the goods value.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0015
title: Effect of combined alternating magnetic field and hot water shock treatment on the preservation of cucumbers.

description: Based on the mechanism of temperature shock treatment and electromagnetic effect for food preservation, this paper developed a novel food preservation method by combining alternating magnetic field and hot water shock to process the postharvest fruits and vegetables. Compared with the single hot-water shock treatment (HST) and the control without pre-treatment (CK), the alternating magnetic field and hot water shock treatment (MSHT) caused an increase of heating-rate of cucumbers’ tissues during treatment,
membrane permeability and weight loss were reduced and the activities of catalase (CAT) increased under chilling stress. Furthermore, color difference of MSHT was the lowest of the three. The results suggest that cucumbers could adapt to low temperature through hot water combined with alternating magnetic field pre-treatment induced tolerance.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0020
title: Measurement of food dehydration during freezing: development of an experimental tool and application to tylose.

description: When unpackaged foods are frozen, they lose water due to interactions with the surrounding media. This dehydration results in weight loss between 0% and 6% according to the product and the freezing process. This leads to quality and financial losses. A laboratory scale freezing cabinet was developed to measure food dehydration for various operating conditions from mechanical to cryogenic ones using liquid nitrogen. Experimental measurements were carried out with tylose plates as a food model material. The results show that the equipment offers a uniform gas flow velocity adjustable from 0 to 9 m/s and a uniform gas temperature adjustable from room temperature to -100°C. It was found that tylose weight loss can be estimated with a good reproducibility and that it is influenced by operating conditions. Based on these results, the developed tool might be useful to provide reproducible experimental data for real cases of food dehydration during processing.