DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s049s
title: Data from: Elevated rates of morphological and functional diversification in reef-dwelling haemulid fishes.

description: The relationship between habitat complexity and species richness is well
 established but comparatively little is known about the evolution of
 morphological diversity in complex habitats. Reefs are structurally
 complex, highly productive shallow-water marine ecosystems found in
 tropical (coral reefs) and temperate zones (rocky reefs) which harbor
 exceptional levels of biodiversity. We investigated whether reef habitats
 promote the evolution of morphological diversity in the feeding and
 locomotion systems of grunts (Haemulidae), a group of predominantly
 nocturnal fishes that live on both temperate and tropical reefs. Using
 phylogenetic comparative methods and statistical analyses that take into
 account uncertainty in phylogeny and the evolutionary history of
 reef-living we demonstrate that rates of morphological evolution are
 faster in reef-dwelling haemulids. The magnitude of this effect depends on
 the type of trait; on average, traits involved in the functional systems
 for prey capture and processing evolve twice as fast on reefs as locomotor
 traits. This result, along with the observation that haemulids do not
 exploit unique feeding niches on reefs, suggests that fine-scale trophic
 niche partitioning and character displacement may be driving higher rates
 of morphological evolution. Whatever the cause, there is growing evidence
 that reef habitats stimulate morphological and functional diversification
 in teleost fishes.
description: 500 Haemulidae
 phylogeniesThese are the sample of
 500 trees from the posterior distribution generated by BEAST that we used
 throughout the analyses. The nucleotide dataset was 2909 bp long and
 consisted of partial sequences of three mtDNA genes (16S rRNA, COI, and
 cytb) and two nuclear genes (RAG2 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1).
 Relative divergence times of the sampled haemulid species were estimated
 using an uncorrelated lognormal (UCLN) model of molecular evolutionary
 rate heterogeneity implemented in the computer program BEAST v. 1.6.1
 (Drummond et al. 2006; Drummond and Rambaut 2007). Each gene was treated
 as a separate data partition and for the protein coding genes (COI, cytb,
 and RAG1) we applied three partitions that corresponded to three codon
 positions.Trees4dryad.txtHaemulidae morphological dataUsing 127 specimens from 50 haemulid species we measured 24 functional morphological traits related to feeding (11 traits) and locomotion (13 traits). These feeding traits included the mass of the jaw-closing adductor mandibulae muscle, (AM mass) the mechanical advantage of jaw closing (close ratio) and opening (open ratio), the length of the ascending process of the premaxilla bone which indicates the capacity for upper jaw protrusion, the length of longest gill raker on the ceratohyal of the first gill arch, and the diameter of the eye. In addition we calculated suction index, a morphologically-based estimate of the capacity to generate suction pressure during prey capture, by combining measures of buccal cavity length, buccal cavity with, head width, head height, and head length. The thirteen traits related to the body shape and locomotion included body fineness ratio, which for fish bodies is thought to be negatively correlated with drag exerted on the body. The size and shape of propulsive surfaces was measured by caudal fin aspect ratio and length of the base of the spiny and soft dorsal and anal fins, the average spine length of the spiny dorsal fin, and the perimeter and area of the caudal peduncle. In addition we measured maximum body width, maximum body depth, the body position of maximum body depth expressed as a fraction of fish standard length, and the horizontal and vertical position of the anterior-dorsal pectoral fin base expressed as fractions of standard length and maximum body depth.Dataset4dryad.txt