DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17440310
title: Dataset and code used in the publication 'Aesthetic values predict bird trade, but the association varies across product types and trade regions'

description: Data and code used for analyses in the research publication 'Aesthetic values predict bird trade, but the association varies across product types and trade regions'.A detailed description on data sources, data editing, and modelling is in the research publication and its' appendix1: Haukka et al., 2025. Aesthetic values predict bird trade, but the association varies across product types and trade regions. Biological Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111572

Data files

All final merged datasets used in the analysis and figure codes are given as Excel (.xlsx) and .RData -files. Refer to the Excel files for variable descriptions.



Global level trade data

birdtrade_data_Haukkaetal_2025.xlsx includes the raw collated presence in trade data for all the bird species in global trade models, this file includes the full explanations for the variable names

birdtrade_tradedonly_data_Haukkaetal_2025.xlsx includes raw collated trade data for those bird species that are traded in any product type globally, this file includes the full explanations of the variable names

birdtradebirdtrade_tradedonly_data_Haukkaetal_2025_data_collated.Rdata includes the full global level data on trade presence or absence for all bird species

Birdtrade_tradedonly_collated.Rdata included the full global level data on presence or absence of trade in different product types for the species which are traded

birdtreelist.Rdata is a list used to match the data to have the exact same bird species in pglmm and glmm models (as taxonomy matching to the bird phylogenetic tree resulted in the removal of a few species from the data set).

endemics_list.Rdata has the list of endemic species of  9 countries, totalling 1325 species. Australia (434 species), Brazil (340 species), Bolivia (29 species), Colombia (122 species), Costa Rica (15 species), Ecuador (59 species), India (95 species), New Zealand (94 species) and Papua New Guinea (137 species). The lists were obtained via the country level check-list search on the Avibase-database (2024). 

EU Level trade data

EU_birdtrade_data_Haukkaetal_2025. xlsx includes the raw collated presence in trade data for all the bird species in EU trade models, this file includes the full explanations for the variable names

EU_birdtrade_tradedonly_data_Haukkaetal_2025.xlsx includes raw collated trade data for those bird species that are traded in any product type into or within the EU, this file includes the full explanations of the variable names

eu_birdtrade_data_collated.Rdata includes full EU level data on the presence or absence of documented trade for all bird species between EU countries or imports into any EU country (refer to manuscript for data sources)

EU_Birdtrade_tradedonly_collated.Rdata inclues full EU level data on the presence or absence of documented trade in different product types for those birds that are traded (refer to manuscript for data sources)

birdstreelist_eu_alldata.Rdata is a list used to match the data to have the exact same bird species in EU level pglmm and glmm models (as taxonomy matching to the bird phylogenetic tree resulted in the removal of a few species from the data set).


Model code files



pglmm_code.R includes the modelling code for all pglmm models used in the analysis (note that the models were all run in separate codes on a supercomputer and each model takes a few days to run depending on the available computational power. Code is given in one file for ease of sharing.

model_code_for_glmm.R includes the modelling code for all the glmm models used in analysis, this also includes code for figures 1 & 4 in the manuscript, and produces some of the additional data sets needed to run all pglmm models

EU_trade_glmm_models.R includes modelling code for all the EU trade level glmm models

bird_orders_subset_models.R includes supplementary code for running the bird order or other bird species subgroup level models, and producing figures from the results


Figure code files



Code for figures 1 & 4 is included in the model_code_for_glmm.R file

Figure2_code.R & estimates_fullmodels.csv to reproduce figure 2

Figure3_code. R to reproduce the phylogeny plot in figure 3

data_distribution_plots.R is used for figures A1-A6 in the appendix

bird_orders_subset_models.R includes code for figures A7-A8 in the appendix

EU_trade_glmm_models.R includes the code to produce figure A9 in the appendix