DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fxpnvx133
title: Data from: Genetic structure and potential hybridization between populations of two Penstemon species

description: Hybridization is a common phenomenon in plants, facilitating genetic
 exchange and contributing to evolutionary innovation. In Penstemon, which
 boasts a diverse array of species with varying pollination syndromes,
 hybridization has been extensively documented. In this study, we employed
 nine nuclear microsatellites to investigate the genetic differentiation
 between Penstemon gentianoides and P. roseus populations, along with two
 populations of potentially hybrid morphotypes. Our results reveal
 significant genetic differentiation among populations, particularly
 between sympatric and allopatric populations of P. gentianoides and P.
 roseus. Bayesian analyses identified three genetic clusters, the first
 corresponding to individuals of sympatric and allopatric P. roseus
 populations, and the second and third to intermixed individuals of
 sympatric and allopatric P. gentianoides populations and intermediate
 morphotypes. Sympatric populations of both parental species exhibit signs
 of admixture. Contemporary and historical migration rates were low and
 asymmetrical among populations, with higher migration rates from the
 “fuchsia” morphotype to P. gentianoides populations. The significant and
 positive correlation between migration rates suggests that migration
 patterns have remained relatively stable over time. These findings
 underscore the complex dynamics of genetic exchange and hybridization
 between Penstemon populations, highlighting the need for further research
 to understand population differentiation in the presence of gene
 flow.
description: We collected a total of 89 plant samples representing two
 <em>Penstemon</em> species (<em>P.
 gentianoides</em> and <em>P. roseus</em>) and
 intermediate morphotypes found at different elevations on the northern
 side of the volcano La Malinche: <em>P. gentianoides</em> in
 allopatry (n = 13 samples), <em>P. gentianoides</em> (n = 13),
 “fuchsia” (n = 20) and “blue” (n = 20) morphotypes in sympatry, and two
 populations of P. roseus in allopatry (n = 13; Fig. 1A). All leaf samples
 were dried with silica gel immediately upon collection. DNA was extracted
 from lyophilized leaf tissues using the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
 (CTAB) protocol (Doyle and Doyle 1987). To measure genetic variation among
 samples from different locations, we used nine Penstemon-specific loci of
 the nuclear microsatellite (nSSRs) set that was developed to be useful
 across the genus (Kramer and Fant 2007, Dockter <em>et
 al</em>. 2013, Anderson <em>et al</em>. 2016) and
 parameters were described in Anderson <em>et a</em>l.
 2016.
description: # Microsatellites of *Penstemon gentianoides*, *Penstemon roseus*, and two
 morphotypes #### Authors * Samantha Maite de los Santos-Gómez
 (Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL))
 * Rosa Ana Sánchez-Guillén (Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto
 de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL)) * Carlos Lara (Centro de Investigación en
 Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala) * Juan Francisco
 Ornelas (Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
 (INECOL)) * **Corresponding author**: Juan Francisco Ornelas
 ([francisco.ornelas@inecol.mx](mailto:francisco.ornelas@inecol.mx)) ####
 Project Objective The objective of this project is to analyze the genetic
 variability between *P. gentianoides* and *P. roseus* and to identify the
 origin of two morphotypes found in La Malinche. We used nine nuclear
 microsatellite loci for this study. #### Files Included *
 **dataset_microsatellites.csv**: This file contains the allele size for
 each microsatellite marker for each individual. The columns are: *
 `Sample_ID`: Identifier of each sample. * `Population`: The distribution
 zone of the populations. * `Markers`: Microsatellites and the allelic size
 for each marker. #### Data Format The file is in CSV (Comma-Separated
 Value) format. It can be opened in any text editor or spreadsheet software
 (e.g., Excel).