cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f66g0
title: Data from: Evolutionary rescue and local adaptation under different rates of temperature increase: a combined analysis of changes in phenotype expression and genotype frequency in Paramecium microcosms

description: Evolutionary Rescue (ER) occurs when populations, which have declined due
 to rapid environmental change, recover through genetic adaptation. The
 success of this process and the evolutionary trajectory of the population
 strongly depend on the rate of environmental change. Here we investigated
 how different rates of temperature increase (from 23°C to 32°C) affect
 population persistence and evolutionary change in experimental microcosms
 of the protozoan Paramecium caudatum. Consistent with theory on ER, we
 found that those populations experiencing the slowest rate of temperature
 increase were the least likely to become extinct and tended to be the best
 adapted to the new temperature environment. All high-temperature
 populations were more tolerant to severe heat stress (35°C, 37°C),
 indicating a common mechanism of heat protection. High-temperature
 populations also had superior growth rates at optimum temperatures,
 leading to the absence of a pattern of local adaptation to control (23°C)
 and high-temperature (32°C) environments. However, high-temperature
 populations had reduced growth at low temperatures (5-9°C), causing a
 shift in the temperature niche. In part, the observed evolutionary change
 can be explained by selection from standing variation. Using mitochondrial
 markers, we found complete divergence between control and high-temperature
 populations in the frequencies of six initial founder genotypes. Our
 results confirm basic predictions of ER and illustrate how adaptation to
 an extreme local environment can produce positive as well as negative
 correlated responses to selection over the entire range of the ecological
 niche.
description: Killeen_fig1Data for figure 1. Column 1=treatment; column 2=temperature; column 3=day of experiment; column 4=proportion of populations aliveKilleen_data_fig2column 1=Assay; column 2=treatment origin; column 3=assay temperature; column 4=selection line identity; column 5=growth rateKilleen_data_fig3Data for assay 3: column 1= temperature block; column 2=assay temperature; column 3= treatment origin; column 4=selection line identity; column 5=growth rate
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p8s64
title: Data from: Venus flytrap rarely traps its pollinators

description: Because carnivorous plants rely on arthropods as pollinators and prey,
 they risk consuming would-be mutualists. We examined this potential
 conflict in the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), whose pollinators were
 previously unknown. Diverse arthropods from two classes and nine orders
 visited flowers; 56% of visitors carried D. muscipula pollen, often mixed
 with pollen of co-flowering species. Within this diverse, generalized
 community, certain bee and beetle species appear to be the most important
 pollinators, based on their abundance, pollen load size, and pollen
 fidelity. D. muscipula prey spanned four invertebrate classes and eleven
 orders; spiders, beetles, and ants were most common. At the family and
 species levels, few taxa were shared between traps and flowers, yielding a
 near-zero value of niche overlap for these potentially competing
 structures. Spatial separation of traps and flowers may contribute to
 partitioning the invertebrate community between nutritional and
 reproductive functions in D. muscipula.
description: Data from: Venus flytrap
 rarely traps its pollinatorsIncludes: (1) Data used
 to assess difference in probability of pollen-carrying across orders (Fig.
 1a). (2) Subsample counts of number of pollen grains in 5 fields of view
 on fuchsin-jelly slides, for up to 10 specimens each of the 10 most common
 flower-visitor taxa. (3) Data used to assess niche overlap and generate
 network diagram (Fig. 2)Youngsteadt-et-al-data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.07b2d
title: Data from: Evidence of concurrent local adaptation and high phenotypic plasticity in a polar microeukaryote

description: Here we investigated whether there is evidence of local adaptation in
 strains of an ancestrally marine dinoflagellate to the lacustrine
 environment they now inhabit (optimal genotypes) and/or if they have
 evolved phenotypic plasticity (a range of phenotypes). Eleven strains of
 Polarella glacialis were isolated and cultured from three different
 environments: the polar seas, a hyposaline and a hypersaline Antarctic
 lake. Local adaptation was tested by comparing growth rates of lacustrine
 and marine strains at their own and reciprocal site conditions. To
 determine phenotypic plasticity, we measured the reaction norm for
 salinity. We found evidence of both, limited local adaptation and higher
 phenotypic plasticity in lacustrine strains when compared with marine
 ancestors. At extreme high salinities, local lake strains outperformed
 other strains, and at extreme low salinities, strains from the hyposaline
 lake outperformed all other strains. The data suggest that lake
 populations may have evolved higher phenotypic plasticity in the lake
 habitats compared with the sea, presumably due to the high temporal
 variability in salinity in the lacustrine systems. Moreover, the interval
 of salinity tolerance differed between strains from the hyposaline and
 hypersaline lakes, indicating local adaptation promoted by different
 salinity.
description: PGAFLPstructureinput2AFLP scored data (0,1) from 409 AFLP loci (5 combined primer pairs). Loci listed in row 1. Strain names listed in column 1.ITS r RNA Sequence alignment for Polarella glacialisSequence alignment of nine Polarella glacialis strains from the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica; the Antarctic Sea; and the Arctic Sea, based on the ITS region (Logares et al. 2009). All sequences deposited in Genbank (see table 1)alignment_cut_einsi2_dinos_karin.fasta
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v7q42
title: Data from: Evaluation of 11 single-locus and seven multilocus DNA barcodes in Lamium L. (Lamiaceae)

description: The aim of this work was to evaluate the suitability of selected DNA
 regions in the barcoding of plants, based on the species belonging to the
 genus Lamium (Lamiaceae). For this purpose, nine chloroplast barcodes,
 that is, accD, matK, rbcL, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF,
 as well as ITS nuclear region, and intron of mitochondrial nad5 gene were
 tested. Among the single-locus barcodes, most effective in the
 identification of Lamium species was the trnH-psbA spacer and matK gene.
 The high level of variability and resolving power was also observed in the
 case of rpoA and rpoC2 genes. Despite the high interspecies variability of
 ITS region, it turned out to be inapplicable in Lamium identification. An
 important disadvantage of ITS as a barcode is a limitation of its use in
 polyploid plants, samples contaminated with fungal material or samples
 with partially degraded DNA. We have also evaluated five-two-locus and
 two-three-locus barcode regions created from a combination of most
 effective single loci. The best-performing barcode combinations were matK
 + trnH-psbA and matK + rpoA. Both of them had equally high discriminative
 power to identify Lamium species.
description: AlignmentsSequence alignments analyzed in the study. 11 anlyzed DNA regions: accD, ITS, matK, nad5 intron, rbcL, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.90708
title: Data from: Specialists in ancient trees are more affected by climate than generalists

description: Ancient trees are considered one of the most important habitats for
 biodiversity in Europe and North America. They support exceptional numbers
 of specialized species, including a range of rare and endangered
 wood-living insects. In this study, we use a dataset of 105 sites spanning
 a climatic gradient along the oak range of Norway and Sweden to
 investigate the importance of temperature and precipitation on beetle
 species richness in ancient, hollow oak trees. We expected that increased
 summer temperature would positively influence all wood-living beetle
 species whereas precipitation would be less important with a negligible or
 negative impact. Surprisingly, only oak-specialist beetles with a northern
 distribution increased in species richness with temperature. Few
 specialist beetles and no generalist beetles responded to the rise of 4°C
 in summer as covered by our climatic gradient. The negative effect of
 precipitation affected more specialist species than did temperature,
 whereas the generalists remained unaffected. In summary, we suggest that
 increased summer temperature is likely to benefit a few specialist beetles
 within this dead wood community, but a larger number of specialists are
 likely to decline due to increased precipitation. In addition, generalist
 species will remain unaffected. To minimize adverse impacts of climate
 change on this important community, long-term management plans for ancient
 trees are important.
description: Species richness counts
 & climate and tree measurementsSpecies richness,
 location, Openness and Circumference data was collected in the field.
 Climate data was obtained from BioClim. Columns: Country: Norway or
 Sweden. OakID: Unique tree identifier number. UTM33_X and UTM33_Y:
 co-ordinates for each tree location in UTM33. Circumference: Girth of the
 tree at breast height. Openness: Openness of tree canopy (see paper for
 description). MeanTempWarmestQuart - mean temperature during the warmest
 quarter of the year. MeanPrecipWarmestQuart - mean precipitation during
 the warmest quarter of the year. NorthernSpecialist - OtherGeneralist:
 species richness counts per tree. See paper for category
 descriptions.Goughetal15_dataset.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t9f50
title: Data from: Do aggressive signals evolve toward higher reliability or lower costs of assessment?

description: It has been suggested that the evolution of signals must be a wasteful
 process for the signaller, aimed at the maximization of signal honesty.
 However, the reliability of communication depends not only on the costs
 paid by signallers but also on the costs paid by receivers during
 assessment, and less attention has been given to the interaction between
 these two types of costs during the evolution of signalling systems. A
 signaller and receiver may accept some level of signal dishonesty by
 choosing signals that are cheaper in terms of assessment but that are
 stabilized with less reliable mechanisms. I studied the potential
 trade-off between signal reliability and the costs of signal assessment in
 the corncrake (Crex crex). I found that the birds prefer signals that are
 less costly regarding assessment rather than more reliable. Despite the
 fact that the fundamental frequency of calls was a strong predictor of
 male size, it was ignored by receivers unless they could directly compare
 signal variants. My data revealed a response advantage of costly signals
 when comparison between calls differing with fundamental frequencies is
 fast and straightforward, whereas cheap signalling is preferred in natural
 conditions. These data might improve our understanding of the influence of
 receivers on signal design because they support the hypothesis that fully
 honest signalling systems may be prone to dishonesty based on the effects
 of receiver costs and be replaced by signals that are cheaper in
 production and reception but more susceptible to cheating.
description: MAIN DATA
 FILESheet 1: Potential of
 frequency of 2 types of notes for signalling. Sheet 2: Responses of males
 to natural soft calls. Sheet 3: Responses of males to soft calls when the
 cost of assessment was decreased. Column headings in the comments of
 headlines.Rek2013dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.74b31
title: Data from: Synergistic interaction between UVB radiation and temperature increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in a fish

description: Levels of UVB radiation (UVB) and mean temperatures have increased
 substantially over recent decades in many regions of the world. Both
 stressors independently can compromise immune function, disease resistance
 and fitness in fish. The impact of UVB can also be exacerbated by
 interactions with environmental temperatures. In this paper, we test the
 hypothesis that UVB and temperature act synergistically to influence
 patterns of energy consumption and susceptibility to disease. We exposed
 mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, to a factorial design of low and high
 UVB levels and low (18°C) and high (25°C) temperatures. The combination of
 high UVB and high temperature interacted synergistically to suppress
 metabolism and exacerbate infection intensity by the fish pathogen
 whitespot (Ichtyhophthirius multifiliis). Given the rapid changes in the
 thermal environment globally, the interaction between UVB and temperatures
 on energy use and disease resistance could pose significant problems for
 aquatic animal health in the context of both pre-existing and emerging
 diseases.
description: Cramp et al raw
 dataMicrosoft Excel
 spreadsheet with multiple tabs containing metabolic rate and parasite
 infection data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j07v7
title: Data from: Parental environmental effects due to contrasting watering adapt competitive ability, but not drought tolerance, in offspring of a semi-arid annual Brassicaceae

description: 1. Parental effects (PE) can be adaptive and improve offspring performance
 when parents and offspring experience similar environmental conditions.
 However, it is unknown whether adaptive PE exist also in habitats where
 such similarity is unlikely due to strong temporal variation. In
 particular, we do not know whether PE can adapt offspring to fluctuating
 levels of neighbour competition in such habitats. 2. Here, we tested for
 adaptive PE in terms of two key environmental factors in a semi-arid
 annual system, competition and drought. While rainfall was stochastic in
 the study site, the competitive environment was partly predictable: higher
 plant densities followed after favourable (rainy) years due to high seed
 production. We therefore expected PE to adapt the offspring's
 competitive ability to these (predictable) fluctuations in plant
 densities, rather than to adapt the offspring's drought tolerance to
 the (unpredictable) occurrence of intensified drought. 3. Parental plants
 of Biscutella didyma, an annual Brassicaceae, were raised under favourable
 watering and under drought conditions. Offspring performance was then
 tested under a full-factorial combination of two neighbour regimes and six
 watering levels in the glasshouse. 4. Offspring of parents grown under
 favourable conditions were stronger competitors. This was associated with
 a small shift in phenology but not with higher parental seed provisioning.
 Offspring from parents grown under drought showed no improved drought
 tolerance. Moreover, no PE were detectable when offspring were grown
 without neighbours. 5. Our results suggest a novel path of adaptive PE:
 higher competitive ability was induced in offspring that were more likely
 to experience high neighbour densities. Together with the lack of adaptive
 PE towards drought tolerance, this emphasizes that a correlation between
 parental and offspring environment is crucial for adaptive PE to evolve.
 Our results also call for the inclusion of competitive effects in future
 PE studies. 6. Synthesis. This study demonstrates the important role of
 adaptive PE for plant fitness (regarding competition) but also their
 limits (regarding drought) in temporally variable environments, based on
 the predictability of the respective environmental factor.
description: PEdataMetzetalThe data set originated from a single greenhouse experiment that tested whether high vs. low parental watering conditions altered the competitive ability and the drought tolerance of offspring plants. It was conducted with Biscutella didyma, a widespread mediterranean annual Brassicacea. Seed material originated from a semi-arid shrubland in Israel.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.33863
title: Data from: Phenotypic and genotypic variation across a stable white-eye (Zosterops sp.) hybrid zone in central South Africa

description: The interbreeding of two species after a period of separation (secondary
 contact) most often results in stable areas of hybridization or tension
 zones characterized by selection against hybrid individuals. Three plumage
 forms of Zosterops meet and interbreed in central South Africa. Here we
 examine how phenotypic measures (biometric and plumage) and genotypic
 markers (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) change through a putative hybrid
 zone located in the area where the ranges of the Orange River white-eye
 Zosterops pallidus and a subspecies of the Cape white-eye Zosterops virens
 capensis meet. Four of the five sequenced loci (i.e. ATP6, MUSK, GADPH and
 TGF-β2) showed strong divergence and differentiation between allopatric
 parental populations, whereas the sex-linked CHD1Z locus exhibited high
 homogeneity. Microsatellite data also distinguished between pure Z.
 pallidus and Z. v. capensis populations. Together, the nuclear data
 (introns and microsatellites) identified at least 12 hybrid individuals as
 later generation hybrids (i.e. F2 or backcrosses), and no F1 hybrids were
 detected. As genetic incompatibility does not appear to play a role in
 restricting this stable hybrid zone, it is likely that environmental
 conditions including biome type and edge effect are constraining hybrid
 zone movement.
description: Microsatellite genotypes
 Zosterops hybrid zone DryadMicrosatellite genotype
 data for 116 Zosterops individuals sampled across a hybrid zone in central
 South Africa. "sample" refers to the sample name of each
 individual and "population" refers to the location of sampling
 (see manuscript for exact location details). The remaining columns (i.e.
 Zse 16, Zse19 etc) refer to the names microsatellite markers
 genotypedMorphometric data
 Zosterops hybrid zone dryadMorphometric data set of
 Zosterops individuals sampled across a hybrid zone in central South
 Africa. Individual specimen numbers and sampling locality are provided.
 Five standard avian measures were taken (mass, wing-, tarsus-, bill- and
 tail-length. Four measures of plumage were taken, the percentage underpart
 colouration of yellow, white, grey and cinnamon. Colour measures were
 obtained from photographs of birds taken in the field or of prepared
 museum specimens.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6g92f
title: Data from: Sequential mate choice and sexual isolation in threespine stickleback species

description: Sequential mate choice strategies predict how females should alter their
 choosiness based on the availability of attractive males. While there are
 many studies on sequential mate choice within species, few have asked if
 females apply these strategies to interactions between species and how
 these strategies may affect hybridization. We tested how previous
 interactions with conspecific and heterospecific males affect mate
 preference and sexual isolation in two threespine stickleback species
 (benthics and limnetics: Gasterosteus spp.). Consistent with previous
 work, we found that within species, stickleback females gauge male
 attractiveness relative to previously encountered males. If females extend
 these decision rules between species, we predicted that previous
 interactions with conspecifics should make heterospecifics less
 attractive, while interactions with heterospecifics should make
 conspecifics more attractive. However, females found heterospecifics less
 attractive after prior experience, largely independent of the species of
 male first encountered. Thus, sequential mate choice strategies are used
 within but not between species in sticklebacks. Further, learning from
 prior courtship interactions acts to enhance existing sexual isolation
 between species.
description: Sequential choice within
 speciesDifferences in
 preference measures of female sticklebacks (benthics and limnetics) for
 two males seen 120 minutes apart. Differences calculated as second male
 minus first male. Difference in red throat coloration between males also
 included. Data collected in laboratory no-choice mate trials. Column
 headings in ReadMe file.throatdiff.txtEffect of experience on conspecific preferencePreference of female sticklebacks for conspecific and heterospecific males in first and second trials (two entries per female). Data collected in laboratory no-choice mate trials. Column headings in ReadMe file.experience.txtConspecific mate preference in second trialsFemale stickleback preference for conspecific and heterospecific males in only second trials (120 minutes after first trial). Data collected in laboratory no-choice mating trials. Column headings in ReadMe file.seqsecondtrials.txtAggression and preferenceFemale preference of sticklebacks in second trials based on male aggressive behavior (bites, chases) towards female in first trial. Data collected in laboratory no-choice mate trials. Column headings in ReadMe file.seqfaggresp4.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.25m47
title: Data from: The contribution of developmental experience vs. condition to life history, trait variation, and individual differences

description: Developmental experience, for example food abundance during juvenile
 stages, is known to affect life history and behaviour. However, the life
 history and behavioural consequences of developmental experience have
 rarely been studied in concert. As a result it is still unclear whether
 developmental experience affects behaviour through changes in life
 history, or independently of it. The effect of developmental experience on
 life history and behaviour may also be masked or affected by individual
 condition during adulthood. Thus, it is critical to tease apart the
 effects of developmental experience and current individual condition on
 life history and behaviour. In this study we manipulated food abundance
 during development in the western black widow spider, Latrodectus
 hesperus, by rearing spiders on either a restricted or ad lib diet. We
 separated developmental from condition dependent effects by assaying adult
 foraging behaviour (tendency to attack prey and to stay on out of the
 refuge following an attack) and web structure multiple times under
 different levels of satiation following different developmental
 treatments. Spiders reared under food restriction matured slower and at a
 smaller size than spiders reared in ad lib conditions. Spiders reared on a
 restricted diet were more aggressive towards prey and built webs
 structured for prey capture while spiders reared on an ad lib diet were
 less aggressive and build safer webs. Developmental treatment affected
 which traits were plastic as adults: restricted spiders built safer webs
 when their adult condition increased, while ad-lib spiders reduced their
 aggression when their adult condition increased. The amount of individual
 variation in behaviour and web structure varied with developmental
 treatment. Spiders reared on a restricted diet exhibited consistent
 variation in all aspects of foraging behaviour and web structure, while
 spiders reared on an ad lib diet exhibited consistent individual variation
 in aggression and web weight only. Developmental experience affected the
 average life history, behaviour, and web structure of spiders, but also
 shaped the amount of phenotypic variation observed among individuals.
 Surprisingly, developmental experience also determined the particular way
 in which individuals plastically adjusted their behaviour and web
 structure to changes in adult condition.
description: R script and data
 filesJAE_development_data.zip