DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh7hb
title: Historical effects during experimental evolution of multicellularity in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>

description: Timing and phenotype of the recovery of multicellularity in populations of
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Data includes results on the recovery of
 multicellularity from selfing (bulk and tetrad) and experimental evolution
 for increased settling. Data pictures of tetrad dissections, size
 distributions of individuals, the timing at which multicellularity was
 first observed, and images of multicellular individuals.
description: # Historical effects during experimental evolution of multicellularity in
 *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh7hb](10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh7hb) ## Description of the
 data and file structure The propensity for multicellular phenotypes
 arising from ten different diploid *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* unicellular
 genotypes was studied. The appearance of multicellularity was investigated
 by selfing (tetrad dissection and bulk) and experimental evolution using
 settling selection. For a subset of multicellular individuals, we
 characterized the multicellular phenotypes. ### Files and variables ####
 File: Tetrad-Dissection-U2A-pic1.JPG **Description:** Dissection of
 Sporulated U2A genotype, one image. #### File:
 Tetrad-Dissection-U2B-picture1.JPG **Description:** Dissection of
 Sporulated U2B genotype, one image. #### File: Tetrad-Dissection-U2C-1.JPG
 **Description:** Dissection of Sporulated U2C genotype, a dissection
 image. #### File: Tetrad-Dissection-U2C-2-picture1.JPG
 **Description:** Dissection of Sporulated U2C genotype, a second
 dissection, one image. #### File: Tetrad-Dissection-U3A-picture3.JPG
 **Description:** Dissection of Sporulated U3A genotype, one image. ####
 File: Tetrad-Dissection-U5A.JPG **Description:** Dissection of Sporulated
 U5A genotype, one image. #### File: Tetrad-Dissection-y55_self.JPG
 **Description:** Dissection of Sporulated Y55 genotype, one image. ####
 File: Cluster-Phenotype-C10W8.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype C10W8. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-M2A3-2.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype M2A3. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-M2B2-3.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype M2B2. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-M5A1-2.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype M5A1. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-M5A1-2W_Angle.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype M5A1, focussing on the Angle. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-M5A2-4.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype M5A2. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-M5A3-2.jpg **Description:** Analyzed structure of
 experimentally evolved genotype M5A3. #### File:
 Cluster-Phenotype-Angle.csv **Description:** Angle data for the different
 multicellular phenotypes ##### Variables * Strain: Multicellular strain *
 Angle: Budding angle (degrees). * Rep: Replicate * Phenotype: Normal vs.
 Pseudohyphae #### File: Cluster-Phenotype-Ratio_-.csv **Description:** 
 ##### Variables * Strain: Multicellular strain * Ratio: Length/width (no
 units) * Rep: Replicate * Phenotype: Normal vs. Pseudohyphae #### File:
 Experimental-Evolution-Tempo-data.csv **Description:** Number of days
 (transfers) required for multicellularity to evolve ##### Variables * Day:
 Day * Lineage: Population under selection * Anc: Immediate Ancestor of
 replicate populations (lineages) * Ancient: Previous Ancestor.  #### File:
 Experimental-Evolution-Sizes-Ancestors.csv **Description:** Size
 distributions of genotypes used in settling selection, prior to any
 selection.  ##### Variables * volume_um3: Volume in cubic microns *
 diameter_um: Diameter in microns. * blank: Control size run.  * U4A:
 Number of individuals in each size class for U4A. * U1A: Number of
 individuals in each size class for U1A. * U3A: Number of individuals in
 each size class for U3A. * U2A: Number of individuals in each size class
 for U2A. * U2B: Number of individuals in each size class for U2B. * U5A:
 Number of individuals in each size class for U5A. * U2C: Number of
 individuals in each size class for U2C. * U5B: Number of individuals in
 each size class for U5B. * U4C: Number of individuals in each size class
 for U4C. * Y55: Number of individuals in each size class for Y55. ####
 File: Experimental_evolution-Sizes-Day30.csv **Description:** Size
 distributions of populations after 30 days of selection.  ##### Variables
 * diameter_um: Volume in cubic microns * Y55: Number of individuals in
 each size class for Y55. * U4A: Number of individuals in each size class
 for U4A. * U1A: Number of individuals in each size class for U1A. * U3A:
 Number of individuals in each size class for U3A. * U2A: Number of
 individuals in each size class for U2A. * U2B: Number of individuals in
 each size class for U2B. * U5A: Number of individuals in each size class
 for U5A. * U2C: Number of individuals in each size class for U2C. * U4B:
 Number of individuals in each size class for U4B. * U4C: Number of
 individuals in each size class for U4C. #### File: Bulkselfing-Sizes.csv
 **Description:** Size distributions of populations derived by bulk selfing
 of genotypes. ##### Variables * diameter_um: Volume in cubic microns *
 U4A: Number of individuals in each size class for U4A. * U1A: Number of
 individuals in each size class for U1A. * U3A: Number of individuals in
 each size class for U3A. * U2A: Number of individuals in each size class
 for U2A. * U2B: Number of individuals in each size class for U2B. * U5A:
 Number of individuals in each size class for U5A. * U2C: Number of
 individuals in each size class for U2C. * U4B: Number of individuals in
 each size class for U4B. * U4C: Number of individuals in each size class
 for U4C. * Y55: Number of individuals in each size class for Y55. ##
 Code/software Budding angle and cell size were determined by ImageJ2
 (Rueden et al. 2017). Size distributions were initially visualized and
 analyzed using RStudio version 1.4.1717, and later redrawn using JMP and
 Excel.