DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8pv3
title: Dataset behaviour plasticity of birds

description: Bird species subjected to more variable environments should have greater
 phenotypic plasticity than those that are more restricted to specific
 habitat types leading to the expectation that migratory birds should be
 relatively more plastic than resident birds. For each bird
 species, we collected the following life-history data: Species body mass
 and habitat breadth were extracted from Sayol et al., 2020 while
 diet breadth, life span (max) were extracted from Sayol et al.,
 2018 and migratory status (resident or sedentary, partially
 migratory or migratory) was extracted from Tobias and Pigot, 2019. The
 main type of diet for each species was extracted from Wilman et al., 2014.
 We calculated the mean, maximum, minimum and standard deviation of flight
 initiation distance for each bird species with &gt; 5 observations, to
 avoid potential overinflated standard deviation estimates from species
 with only a few observations. Then, for each species, we calculated our
 metric of plasticity based on the coefficient of variation (CV) of FID.
 Because this is a ratio of the variance to the mean, plasticity is
 independent of body size.
description: Following standardised methods, trained observers identified a
 non-alarmed bird (i.e. resting or foraging) and directly approached at a
 measured pace of 0.5 m/s. With such data, we processed and estimated a
 surrogate of behavioural plasticity. The behavioural plasticity was
 calculated for each bird species, based on the coefficient of variation
 (CV) of FID.
description: The dataset include the following variables:
 Variable
 Description Species Scientific name of
 species StartingDistance.mean Mean value of the
 starting distance measured during the approach to the bird
 StartingDistance.sd Standard deviation
 value of the starting distance measured during the approach to the
 bird StartingDistance.min Minimum value of the
 starting distance measured during the approach to the bird
 StartingDistance.max Maximum value of the
 starting distance measured during the approach to the bird
 FID.mean
 Mean value of the flight initiation distance measured during
 the approach to the bird FID.sd Standard deviation
 value of the flight initiation distance measured during the approach to
 the bird FID.min Minimum value of the
 flight initiation distance measured during the approach to the
 bird FID.max Maximum value of the
 flight initiation distance measured during the approach to the
 bird FID.count Number of flight
 initiation distance measures collected for each avian species
 relative.sdFID
 Measure of behavioural plasticity calculated for each bird
 species.  Plasticity  coefficient of variation (CV) of
 FID. dif.SDFID
 "=StartingDistance.mean - FID.mean"
 Country
 Country where the data were collected
 Body.mass.g
 Species mean body mass, extracted from Sayol F, Sol D, Pigot
 AL. 2020 Brain size and life history interact to predict urban tolerance
 in birds. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8, 58.
 (doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.00058) Main.diet The primary type of
 diet item used by each species, extracted from Wilman H, Belmaker J,
 Simpson J, de la Rosa C, Rivadeneira MM, Jetz W. 2014 EltonTraits 1.0:
 Species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals.
 Ecology 95, 2027. (doi:10.1890/13-1917.1)
 Lifespan.max
 Maximum recorded longevity for each species, extracted from
 Sayol F, Downing PA, Iwaniuk AN, Maspons J, Sol D. 2018 Predictable
 evolution towards larger brains in birds colonizing oceanic islands. Nat.
 Commun. 9, 2820. (doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05280-8)
 MigratoryBehaviour
 Classification of species in "Sedentary",
 "PartiallyMigratory" or "Migratory", extracted from
 Tobias, J.A., Pigot, A.L., 2019. Integrating behaviour and ecology into
 global biodiversity conservation strategies. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B
 Biol. Sci. 374, 20190012. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0012
 Habitat.Breadth
 Degree of habitat specialization, extracted from Sayol F, Sol
 D, Pigot AL. 2020 Brain size and life history interact to predict urban
 tolerance in birds. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8, 58.
 (doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.00058) Diet.Breadth Degree of diet
 specialization, extracted from Sayol F, Downing PA, Iwaniuk AN, Maspons J,
 Sol D. 2018 Predictable evolution towards larger brains in birds
 colonizing oceanic islands. Nat. Commun. 9, 2820.
 (doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05280-8)Species subjected to more variable
 environments should have greater phenotypic plasticity than those that are
 more restricted to specific habitat types leading to the expectation that
 migratory birds should be relatively more plastic than resident birds. We
 tested this comparatively by studying variation in flight initiation
 distance (FID), a well-studied antipredator
 behaviour.