DOI: 10.15468/dl.sj52br
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 211425 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Laspeyresia canariensis Kuznetzov, 1972, Cydia candana (Forbes, 1923), Laspeyresia candana Forbes, 1923, Cydia caradjana (Rebel, 1910), Grapholitha caradjana Rebel, 1910, Cydia caryana (Fitch, 1856), Ephippophora caryana Fitch, 1856, Grapholitha caryae Shimer, 1869, Cydia celiae (Clarke, 1976), Laspeyresia celiae Clarke, 1976, Grapholita cerasivora (Matsumura, 1917), Laspeyresia cerasivora Matsumura, 1917, Asketria cervinana (Caradja, 1916), Grapholitha cervinana Caradja, 1916, Cydia charops (Diakonoff, 1971), Laspeyresia charops Diakonoff, 1971, Cydia cognatana (Barrett, 1874), Asthenia cognatana Barrett, 1874, Cydia commensalana (Danilevsky, 1963), Laspeyresia commensalana Danilevsky, 1963, Cydia confusana (McDunnough, 1935), Laspeyresia confusana McDunnough, 1935, Cydia conicolana (Heylaerts, 1874), Grapholitha conicolana Heylaerts, 1874, Cydia coniferana (Saxesen, 1840), Tortrix coniferana Saxesen, 1840, Coccyx ericicolana Bruand, 1850, Grapholitha, Cydia conoterma (Meyrick, 1922), Argyroploce conoterma Meyrick, 1922, Cydia cornucopiae (Tengström, 1869), Grapholitha cornucopiae Tengström, 1869, Cydia corollana (Hübner, 1822-1823), Tortrix corollana Hübner, 1822-1823, Cydia cosmophorana (Treitschke, 1835), Grapholitha cosmophorana Treitschke, 1835, Cydia alienana (Caradja, 1916), Grapholitha alienana Caradja, 1916, Grapholitha dalecarliana Zetterstedt, 1839, Grapholitha geminana Zetterstedt, 1839, Grapholitha, Tortricidae, Cydia costastrigulana (McDunnough, 1935), Laspeyresia costastrigulana McDunnough, 1935, Cydia curitibana Schnherr, 1987, Pammene cyanatra (Diakonoff, 1976), Laspeyresia cyanatra Diakonoff, 1976, Cydia cytisanthana Burmann & Prse, 1988, Cydia dadionopa (Diakonoff, 1976), Laspeyresia dadionopa Diakonoff, 1976, Cydia dalbergiacola Liu, 1992, Cydia damascana (Razowski, 1966), Laspeyresia damascana Razowski, 1966, Cydia danilevskyi (Kuznetzov, 1973), Laspeyresia danilevskyi Kuznetzov, 1973, Laspeyresia deciduana Steuer, 1969, Cydia derrai Prse, 1988, Cydia deyana (Chrétien, 1915), Grapholitha deyana Chrétien, 1915, Laspeyresia dioszeghyi Capuse, 1970, Cydia dissulta Diakonoff, 1983, Cydia dochmasima Diakonoff, 1987, Cydia doria (Clarke, 1976), Laspeyresia doria Clarke, 1976, Cydia duplicana (Zetterstedt, 1839), Grapholitha duplicana Zetterstedt, 1839, Grapholitha, Laspeyresia effusana Lederer, 1855, Laspeyresia elongata Kuznetzov, 1962, Cydia elpore (Diakonoff, 1976), Laspeyresia elpore Diakonoff, 1976, Pammene epanthista (Meyrick, 1922), Laspeyresia epanthista Meyrick, 1922, Cydia ermolenkoi (Danilevsky, 1968), Laspeyresia ermolenkoi Danilevsky, 1968, Cydia erotella (Heinrich, 1923), Carpocapsa erotella Heinrich, 1923, Dichrorampha excisa Walsingham, 1891, Dichrorampha excisa Walsingham, 1891, Selania exornata (Diakonoff, 1969), Laspeyresia exornata Diakonoff, 1969, Cydia exquisitana (Rebel, 1889), Grapholitha exquisitana Rebel, 1889, Ethelgoda Heinrich, 1926, Laspeyresia fabivora Meyrick, 1928, Laspeyresia leguminis Heinrich, 1943, Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller, 1841), Tortrix fagiglandana Zeller, 1841, Tortricidae, Cydia fahlbergiana (Thunberg, 1797), Tortrix fahlbergiana Thunberg, 1797, Cydia flavicollis Walsingham, 1897, Cydia farsica (Kuznetzov, 1968), Laspeyresia farsica Kuznetzov, 1968, Cydia fletcherana (Kearfott, 1907), Enarmonia fletcherana Kearfott, 1907, Cydia flexiloqua (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia flexiloqua Heinrich, 1926, Cydia gallaesaliciana (Riley, 1881), Grapholitha gallaesaliciana Riley, 1881, Pammene gallicana (Guenée, 1845), Semasia rufillana Doubleday, 1850, Tortricidae, Cydia garacana (Kearfott, 1907), Enarmonia garacana Kearfott, 1907, Enarmonia septicola Meyrick, 1912, Grapholita geministriata (Walsingham, 1900), Laspeyresia geministriata Walsingham, 1900, Grapholitha generosana Christoph, 1881, Grapholitha lepidulana Snellen, 1883, Cydia gilviciliana (Staudinger, 1859), Grapholitha gilviciliana Staudinger, 1859, Laspeyresia rungsi Amsel, 1952, Cydia glandicolana (Danilevsky, 1968), Laspeyresia glandicolana Danilevsky, 1968, Cydia grandicula (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia grandicula Heinrich, 1926, Cydia grunertiana (Ratzeburg, 1868), Tortrix grunertiana Ratzeburg, 1868, Cydia haemostacta (Meyrick, 1931), Argyroploce haemostacta Meyrick, 1931, Cydia hygrotrema (Diakonoff, 1971), Laspeyresia hygrotrema Diakonoff, 1971, Cydia illustrana (Kuznetzov, 1986), Laspeyresia illustrana Kuznetzov, 1986, Cydia illutana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851), Grapholitha illutana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, Cydia ilipulana (Walsingham, 1903), Laspeyresia ilipulana Walsingham, 1903, Grapholitha implicatana Christoph, 1882, Cydia informosana (Walker, 1863), Carpocapsa informosana Walker, 1863, Cydia ingens (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia ingens Heinrich, 1926, Cydia ingrata (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia ingrata Heinrich, 1926, Cydia injectiva (Heinrich, 1926), Hedulia injectiva Heinrich, 1926, Cydia inopiosa (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia inopiosa Heinrich, 1926, Cydia inquinatana (Hübner, 1796-1799), Tortrix inquinatana Hübner, 1796-1799, Grapholitha, Grapholitha instratana Kennel, 1901, Grapholitha instratana Kennel, 1901, Grapholitha, Tortrix dahliana Frölich, 1828, Cydia indivisa (Danilevsky, 1963), Laspeyresia indivisa Danilevsky, 1963, Cydia interscindana (Möschler, 1866), Phtoroblastis interscindana Möschler, 1866, Tortricidae, Cydia intexta (Kuznetzov, 1962), Laspeyresia intexta Kuznetzov, 1962, Cydia japonensis Kawabe, 1980, Cydia johanssoni Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993, Grapholita junctistrigana (Walsingham, 1900), Laspeyresia junctistrigana Walsingham, 1900, Cydia kamijoi (Oku, 1968), Laspeyresia kamijoi Oku, 1968, Laspeyresia kohfidischiana Diakonoff & Kuznetzov, 1972, Cydia kozlovi (Kuznetzov, 1962), Laspeyresia kozlovi Kuznetzov, 1962, Cydia lacustrina (Miller, 1976), Laspeyresia lacustrina Miller, 1976, Cydia lajonquierei (Capuse, 1970), Laspeyresia lajonquierei Capuse, 1970, Cydia largo Heppner, 1981, Cydia laricana (Busck, 1916), Laspeyresia laricana Busck, 1916, Cydia larimana (Walsingham, 1895), Eucelis larimana Walsingham, 1895, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham, 1879), Carpocapsa latiferreana Walsingham, 1879, Melissopus aurichalceana Riley, 1882, Cydia inquilina Kearfott, 1907, Cydia latisigna Miller, 1986, Cydia lautiuscula (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia lautiuscula Heinrich, 1926, Cydia lavenuae Gibeaux, 1984, Cydia leguminana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846), Grapholitha leguminana Lienig & Zeller, 1846, Grapholitha, Phthoroblastis dorsilunana Erschoff, 1877, Pammene leucitis (Meyrick, 1907), Laspeyresia leucitis Meyrick, 1907, Cydia leucobasis (Busck, 1916), Laspeyresia leucobasis Busck, 1916, Cydia leucogrammana (Hofmann, 1898), Grapholitha leucogrammana Hofmann, 1898, Microsarotis lygistis (Diakonoff, 1977), Laspeyresia lygistis Diakonoff, 1977, Cydia maackiana (Danilevsky, 1963), Laspeyresia maackiana Danilevsky, 1963, Laspeyresia malivorella Matsumura, 1931, Dichrorampha marginestriana (Filipjev, 1925), Laspeyresia marginestriana Filipjev, 1925, Cydia maxima (Kuznetzov, 1973), Laspeyresia maxima Kuznetzov, 1973, Loboschiza mediana (Walker, 1866), Tospitis mediana Walker, 1866, Cydia medicaginis (Kuznetzov, 1962), Laspeyresia medicaginis Kuznetzov, 1962, Cydia mediocris (Kuznetzov, 1972), Laspeyresia mediocris Kuznetzov, 1972, Cydia melanoptycha Diakonoff, 1983, Grapholita melicrossis (Meyrick, 1932), Laspeyresia melicrossis Meyrick, 1932, Cydia membrosa (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia membrosa Heinrich, 1926, Cydia millenniana (Adamczewski, 1967), Laspeyresia millenniana Adamczewski, 1967, Selania minuta (Obraztsov, 1968), Laspeyresia minuta Obraztsov, 1968, Cydia miscitata (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia miscitata Heinrich, 1926, Cydia molybdana (Constant, 1884), Carpocapsa molybdana Constant, 1884, Cydia montezuma Miller, 1986, Cydia monticola (Kuznetzov, 1962), Laspeyresia monticola Kuznetzov, 1962, Cydia multilineana (Kearfott, 1907), Enarmonia multilineana Kearfott, 1907, Cydia multistriana (Chrétien, 1915), Grapholitha multistriana Chrétien, 1915, Cydia nebulocula (Diakonoff, 1976), Laspeyresia nebulocula Diakonoff, 1976, Cydia negatana (Rebel, 1896), Grapholitha negatana Rebel, 1896, Cydia silvana (Kuznetzov, 1970), Cydia neolopha (Meyrick, 1926), Eulia neolopha Meyrick, 1926, Cydia nigra (Miller, 1966), Laspeyresia nigra Miller, 1966, Cydia nigricana (Fabricius, 1794), Pyralis nigricana Fabricius, 1794, Enarmonia dandana Kearfott, 1907, Laspeyresia novimundi Heinrich, 1920, Endopisa pisana Guenée, 1845, Tortricidae, Enarmonia ratifera Meyrick, 1912, Phalaena rusticella Clerck, 1759, Endopisa viciana Guenée, 1845, Pammene nigritana (Mann, 1862), Grapholitha nigritana Mann, 1862, Pammene tricuneana (Kennel, 1900), Grapholitha tricuneana Kennel, 1900, Grapholita nigrostriana (Snellen, 1883), Grapholitha nigrostriana Snellen, 1883, Cydia obnisa (Heinrich, 1926), Laspeyresia obnisa Heinrich, 1926, Cydia obumbrana Kuznetzov, 1992, Cydia odontica Diakonoff, 1983, Fulcrifera orientis (Kuznetzov, 1966), Laspeyresia orientis Kuznetzov, 1966, Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912), Grapholitha oxytropidis Martini, 1912, Cydia pactolana (Zeller, 1840), Tortrix pactolana Zeller, 1840, Grapholita pagenstecheri (Bradley, 1961), Grapholitha pagenstecheri Bradley, 1961, Cydia palmetum (Heinrich, 1928), Laspeyresia palmetum Heinrich, 1928, Cydia pamira (Obraztsov, 1943), Laspeyresia pamira Obraztsov, 1943, Insecta, Grapholitha, Grapholita pavonana (Walsingham, 1900), Laspeyresia pavonana Walsingham, 1900, Cydia pentalychna (Meyrick, 1938), Laspeyresia pentalychna Meyrick, 1938, Cydia perelegans (Kuznetzov, 1962), Laspeyresia perelegans Kuznetzov, 1962, Cydia periclydonia Diakonoff, 1983, Cydia persica (Kuznetzov, 1968), Laspeyresia persica Kuznetzov, 1968, Laspeyresia pfeifferi Rebel, 1936, Cydia phalacris (Meyrick, 1912), Laspeyresia phalacris Meyrick, 1912, Acanthoclita phaulomorpha (Meyrick, 1927), Laspeyresia phaulomorpha Meyrick, 1927, Cydia phyllisi Miller, 1986, Coccyx pinetana Schläger, 1848, Argyroploce plumbifera Kennel, 1918, Argyroploce plumbifera Kennel, 1918, Cydia plumbiferana (Staudinger, 1871), Pammenemima plumbosana (Bradley, 1961), Laspeyresia plumbosana Bradley, 1961, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758), Phalaena pomonella Linnaeus, 1758, Phalaena aeneana Villers, 1789, Pyralis pomana Fabricius, 1775, Carpocapsa putaminana Staudinger, 1859, Cydia populana (Busck, 1916), Laspeyresia populana Busck, 1916, Cydia prismatica (Meyrick, 1911), Laspeyresia prismatica Meyrick, 1911, Laspeyresia iridescens Walsingham, 1900, Cydia pseudomalesana Clarke, 1986, Cydia pseudotsugae (Evans, 1969), Laspeyresia pseudotsugae Evans, 1969, Cydia pyrivora (Danilevsky, 1947), Carpocapsa pyrivora Danilevsky, 1947, Laspeyresia dannehli Obraztsov, 1950, Laspeyresia quadrocellana Walsingham, 1900, Cydia rana (Forbes, 1924), Laspeyresia rana Forbes, 1924, Fulcrifera refrigescens (Meyrick, 1924), Laspeyresia refrigescens Meyrick, 1924, Laspeyresia resinosae Freeman, 1962, Cydia rjabovi (Kuznetzov, 1962), Laspeyresia rjabovi Kuznetzov, 1962, Carpocapsa saltitans Westwood, 1858, Cydia deshaisiana Lucas, 1858, Carpocapsa deshaisiana Lucas, 1858, Grapholitha sebastianiae Riley, 1891, Cydia sammuti Diakonoff, 1986, Laspeyresia sanctacruciana Karpinski & Toll, 1962, Cydia secretana (Kuznetzov, 1973), Laspeyresia secretana Kuznetzov, 1973, Cydia semicinctana (Kennel, 1901), Grapholitha semicinctana Kennel, 1901, Cydia servillana (Duponchel, 1836), Penthina servillana Duponchel, 1836, Cydia siderocosma (Diakonoff, 1969), Laspeyresia siderocosma Diakonoff, 1969, Cydia silvana (Kuznetzov, 1970), Danilevskia silvana Kuznetzov, 1970, Cydia splendana (Hübner, 1796-1799), Tortrix splendana Hübner, 1796-1799, Carpocapsa, Tortrix penkleriana (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775, Carpocapsa reaumurana Heinemann, 1863, Cydia striatana (Caradja, 1916), Grapholitha striatana Caradja, 1916, Cydia strigulatana (Kennel, 1899), Grapholitha strigulatana Kennel, 1899, Phanetoprepa agenjoi Obraztsov, 1968, Semasia demissana Kennel, 1901, Epiblema escorialana Schmidt, 1933, Epiblema hartigi Lucas, 1942, Epiblema rebeli Hartig, 1938, Semasia seriana Kennel, 1901, Cydia succedana (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775, Tortrix succedana (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775, Tortricidae, Grapholitha conjunctana Möschler, 1866, Grapholitha consequana Zeller, 1847, Insecta, Tortricidae, Grapholitha micaceana Constant, 1865, Cydia ulicetana (Haworth, 1811), Tortrix ulicetana Haworth, 1811, Bursadella sulfurella Pagenstecher, 1900, Cydia sumptuosana (Rebel, 1928), Laspeyresia sumptuosana Rebel, 1928, Cydia tana (Kearfott, 1907), Enarmonia tana Kearfott, 1907, Enarmonia cirrhas Meyrick, 1912, Grapholitha tenebrana Christoph, 1882, Grapholitha tenebrana Christoph, 1882, Cydia toreuta (Grote, 1873), Penthina toreuta Grote, 1873, Ethelgoda Heinrich, 1926, Laspeyresia torostoma Clarke, 1972, Cydia trasias (Meyrick, 1928), Laspeyresia trasias Meyrick, 1928, Cydia trichota Diakonoff, 1988, Cydia trifascicolana Schnherr, 1987, Cydia trogodana Prse, 1988, Cydia tropicana Kuznetzov, 1992, Cydia tunisiana Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993, Cydia turcianae Chambon, 1993, Cydia undosa (Diakonoff, 1957), Dichrorampha undosa Diakonoff, 1957, Cydia vallesiaca (Sauter, 1968), Laspeyresia vallesiaca Sauter, 1968, Enarmonia vexilla Durrant, 1906, Enarmonia vexilla Durrant, 1906, Enarmonia youngana Kearfott, 1907, Cydia zebeana (Ratzeburg, 1840), Phalaena zebeana Ratzeburg, 1840, Laspeyresia zygogramma Meyrick, 1935, Diakonoffiana cyanosticha (Clarke, 1976), Cymolomia cyanosticha Clarke, 1976, Cymolomia hartigiana (Ratzeburg, 1840), Cymolomia faillana Fuchs, 1903, Cymolomia jinboi Kawabe, 1976, Cymolomia taigana Falkovitsh, 1966, Cymolomia vinolenta Diakonoff, 1973, Cyphophanes dyscheranta Meyrick, 1937, Dactylioglypha avita (Diakonoff, 1973), Dactylioglypha mimas (Diakonoff, 1973), Dactylioglypha pallens (Diakonoff, 1973), Dactylioglypha tonica (Meyrick, 1909), Argyroploce tonica Meyrick, 1909, Dactylioglypha zonata (Diakonoff, 1973), Dasodis cladographa Diakonoff, 1983, Dasodis microphthora (Meyrick, 1936), Ancylis microphthora Meyrick, 1936, Dasybregma gypsodoxa Diakonoff, 1983, Diakonoffiana cyanitis (Diakonoff, 1973), Nyctidea cyanitis Diakonoff, 1973, Diakonoffiana mataea (Diakonoff, 1973), Nyctidea mataea Diakonoff, 1973, Diakonoffiana saloris (Diakonoff, 1973), Nyctidea saloris Diakonoff, 1973, Diakonoffiana syngena (Diakonoff, 1973), Dicephalarcha acupicta Diakonoff, 1973, Dicephalarcha anemodes (Meyrick, 1912), Argyroploce anemodes Meyrick, 1912, Dicephalarcha atava Diakonoff, 1973, Dicephalarcha dependens (Meyrick, 1922), Argyroploce dependens Meyrick, 1922, Dicephalarcha dimorpha (Meyrick, 1909), Argyroploce dimorpha Meyrick, 1909, Dicephalarcha herbosa (Meyrick, 1909), Argyroploce herbosa Meyrick, 1909, Argyroploce mniopyrrha Meyrick, 1931, Dicephalarcha monometalla Diakonoff, 1973, Dicephalarcha sicca Diakonoff, 1973, Dichrorampha abhasica Danilevsky, 1968, Dichrorampha acuminatana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846), Grapholitha acuminatana Lienig & Zeller, 1846, Dichrorampha aeratana (Pierce & Metcalfe, 1915), Lipoptycha aeratana Pierce & Metcalfe, 1915, Dichrorampha agilana (Tengström, 1848), Grapholitha agilana Tengström, 1848, Dichrorampha agraea Walsingham, 1914, Dichrorampha agraea Walsingham, 1914, Dichrorampha alaicana Rebel, 1910, Lipoptycha tamerlana Kennel, 1919, Dichrorampha alatavica (Danilevsky, 1960), Hemimene alatavica Danilevsky, 1960, Dichrorampha albicapitana (Walsingham, 1891), Coptoloma albicapitana Walsingham, 1891, Dichrorampha albimacula (Danilevsky, 1948), Hemimene albimacula Danilevsky, 1948, Dichrorampha albistriana Komai, 1979, Tortrix alpestrana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, Dichrorampha alpigenana Heinemann, 1863, Dichrorampha alpinana (Treitschke, 1830), Grapholitha alpinana Treitschke, 1830, Dichrorampha novickii Prüffer, 1923, Dichrorampha quaestionana Zeller, 1878, Dichrorampha altaica Danilevsky, 1968, Dichrorampha ambrosiana (Kennel, 1919), Hemimene ambrosiana Kennel, 1919, Hemimene ardescens Meyrick, 1916, Hemimene ardescens Meyrick, 1916, Balbis assumptana (Walker, 1863), Carpocapsa assumptana Walker, 1863, Dichrorampha aztecana Walsingham, 1914, Dichrorampha aztecana Walsingham, 1914, Dichrorampha baixerasana Trematerra, 1991, Dichrorampha banana (Busck, 1906), Lipoptycha banana Busck, 1906, Lipoptycha sordescens Meyrick, 1912, Talponia batesi Heinrich, 1932, Dichrorampha bittana (Busck, 1906), Hemimene bittana Busck, 1906, Dichrorampha Guenée, 1845, Dichrorampha broui Knudson, 1987, Dichrorampha bugnionana (Duponchel, 1842), Coccyx bugnionana Duponchel, 1842, Hemimene muellerrutzi Krüger, 1920, Dichrorampha cacaleana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851), Grapholitha cacaleana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, Dichrorampha sheljuzhkoi Obraztsov, 1949, Dichrorampha cancellatana Kennel, 1901, Dichrorampha canimaculana Komai, 1979, Hemimene carneola Meyrick, 1916, Hemimene carneola Meyrick, 1916, Dichrorampha caucasica (Danilevsky, 1948), Hemimene caucasica Danilevsky, 1948, Dichrorampha Guenée, 1845, Dichrorampha chavanneana (de la Harpe, 1858), Grapholitha chavanneana de La Harpe, 1858, Dichrorampha rhaeticana Frey, 1870, Dichrorampha cinerascens (Danilevsky, 1948), Hemimene cinerascens Danilevsky, 1948, Dichrorampha cinerosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851), Grapholitha cinerosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, Dichrorampha eurychorana Rebel, 1941, Dichrorampha coniana Obraztsov, 1953, Dichrorampha consortana Stephens, 1852, Hemimene, Hemimene balticana Strand, 1917, Grapholitha fackiana Schläger, 1848, Dichrorampha minorana Osthelder, 1939, Dichrorampha circumfusana Zeller, 1877, Dichrorampha circumfusana Zeller, 1877, Hemimene citrophricta Meyrick, 1922, Hemimene citrophricta Meyrick, 1922, Dichrorampha coriana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875, Dichrorampha coriana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875, Hemimene daedalopis Meyrick, 1922, Hemimene daedalopis Meyrick, 1922, Dichrorampha danilevskyi Obraztsov, 1958, Hemimene immaculata Danilevsky, 1948)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1990",
 "StateProvince is Wisconsin"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 211425 records from 78 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003708-250117142028555/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.