cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3746862
title: Stimuli and Results for "Investigating the Perceptual Validity of Evaluation Metrics for Automatic Piano Music Transcription"

description: This contains the stimuli and the participants data for the listening tests presented in the paper: Adrien Ycart, Lele Liu, Emmanouil Benetos, Marcus T. Pearce. "Investigating the Perceptual Validity of Evaluation Metrics for Automatic Piano Music Transcription". <em>Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval</em>, 3(1):68-81, 2020 . More precisely, it contains: MAPS_midi_cut.zip: The MIDI files used to create the stimuli cut_points_seconds.zip: The points in seconds at which the MAPS music pieces were cut to make the stimuli. These correspond to manually-selected 5 to 10 seconds chunks, roughly corresponding to musical phrases. listening_test_results.zip: The data gathered during the listening test: user_data.csv contains data about participants answers_data.csv contains the answers given by all participants comments.txt contains the comments left by the participants. For any enquiries, please contact Adrien Ycart (a.ycart@qmul.ac.uk) or Emmanouil Benetos (emmanouil.benetos@qmul.ac.uk).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2667806
title: Audio-Based identification of Beehive states: The dataset
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2563939
title: Audio-Based identification of Beehive states: The dataset
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2590657
title: A-MAPS: Augmented MAPS Dataset with Rhythm and Key Annotations

description: The MAPS dataset is one of the most used benchmark dataset for automatic music transcription. We propose here an updated version of the ground truth MIDI files, containing, on top of the original pitch, onset and offsets, additional annotations. The annotations include: Tempo curve Time signature Durations of notes in fraction of a quarter note (some of them are approximate) Key signature (always written as the major relative) Separate left and right hand staff Text annotations from the score (tempo indications, coda...). If you use these annotations in a published research project, please cite:<br> Adrien Ycart and Emmanouil Benetos. “A-MAPS: Augmented MAPS Dataset with Rhythm and Key Annotations” <em>19th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference Late Breaking and Demo Papers, </em>September 2018, Paris, France. More information is available at: http://c4dm.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/ycart/a-maps.html <strong>Version 1.2 (2019-03-11):</strong> Add 3 missing MAPS files to the dataset: MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_ENSTDkCl.mid, MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_SptkBGAm.mid, MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_StbgTGd2.mid. <strong>WARNING:</strong> <strong>They correspond to the same piece as MAPS_MUS-chpn_op10_e01_AkPnCGdD.mid</strong> Tempo curve slightly edited to avoid unnatural tempo changes (see this page for more info). <strong>Version 1.1 (2018-09-19):</strong> BUG FIXED: in some files, the time signature, key signature and text annotations used to be incorrectly shifted by one quarter note. This is now fixed. Sustain pedal activations are now the same as in the MAPS dataset, they are all in the "Piano left" track.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1317038
title: A-MAPS: Augmented MAPS Dataset with Rhythm and Key Annotations

description: The MAPS dataset is one of the most used benchmark dataset for automatic music transcription. We propose here an updated version of the ground truth MIDI files, containing, on top of the original pitch, onset and offsets, additional annotations. The annotations include: Tempo curve Time signature Durations of notes in fraction of a quarter note (some of them are approximate) Key signature (always written as the major relative) Separate left and right hand staff Text annotations from the score (tempo indications, coda...). If you use these annotations in a published research project, please cite:<br> Adrien Ycart and Emmanouil Benetos. “A-MAPS: Augmented MAPS Dataset with Rhythm and Key Annotations” <em>19th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference Late Breaking and Demo Papers, </em>September 2018, Paris, France. More information is available at: http://c4dm.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/ycart/a-maps.html <strong>Version 1.2 (2019-03-11):</strong> Add 3 missing MAPS files to the dataset: MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_ENSTDkCl.mid, MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_SptkBGAm.mid, MAPS_MUS-chpn-e01_StbgTGd2.mid. <strong>WARNING:</strong> <strong>They correspond to the same piece as MAPS_MUS-chpn_op10_e01_AkPnCGdD.mid</strong> Tempo curve slightly edited to avoid unnatural tempo changes (see this page for more info). <strong>Version 1.1 (2018-09-19):</strong> BUG FIXED: in some files, the time signature, key signature and text annotations used to be incorrectly shifted by one quarter note. This is now fixed. Sustain pedal activations are now the same as in the MAPS dataset, they are all in the "Piano left" track.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc23d8ng
title: CCDC 1948215: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Byung-Chang Oh, Eunyoung Yoon, Jintaek Gong, Jaewook Kim, Russell W. Driver, Yongjun Kim, Woo Youn Kim, Hee-Seung Lee|2021|Small|17|2102525|doi:10.1002/smll.202102525
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16570602
title: Unusual SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity reveals lineages superinfection

description: Supplementary material of the paper "Unusual SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity reveals lineages superinfection".
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16570602.v4
title: Unusual SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity reveals lineages superinfection

description: Supplementary material of the paper "Unusual SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity reveals lineages superinfection".
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16570602.v3
title: Unusual SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity reveals lineages superinfection

description: Supplementary material of the paper "Unusual SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity reveals lineages superinfection".
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3568456
title: Data of low snow surface albedo experiment with MIROC5.2

description: Dataset of the low snow surface albedo experiment and the control experiment using the Atmospheric GCM of MIROC5.2. In the low snow surface albedo experiment, the surface albedo of snow was set considerably lower than the normal values used in the control experiment. Other parameters and forcing data in both the experiments are the same. Variables are limited to those used in the research paper. Latent heat flux at surface (evap) sensible heat flux at surface (sens) sea level pressure (slp) all-sky longwave radiation flux at surface (slr) clear-sky longwave radiation flux at surface(slrc) all-sky shortwave radiation flux at surface (ssr) clear-sky shortwave radiation flux at surface (ssrc) surface air temperature (T2) See the research paper for the detail.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3568455
title: Data of low snow surface albedo experiment with MIROC5.2

description: Dataset of the low snow surface albedo experiment and the control experiment using the Atmospheric GCM of MIROC5.2. In the low snow surface albedo experiment, the surface albedo of snow was set considerably lower than the normal values used in the control experiment. Other parameters and forcing data in both the experiments are the same. Variables are limited to those used in the research paper. Latent heat flux at surface (evap) sensible heat flux at surface (sens) sea level pressure (slp) all-sky longwave radiation flux at surface (slr) clear-sky longwave radiation flux at surface(slrc) all-sky shortwave radiation flux at surface (ssr) clear-sky shortwave radiation flux at surface (ssrc) surface air temperature (T2) See the research paper for the detail.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5715145
title: Psittacara holochlorus SPAdes preassembly

description: .
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5715144
title: Psittacara holochlorus SPAdes preassembly

description: .
DOI: 10.14272/rduggfzjqygudc-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000595
title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) ()
title: InChI=1S/C20H20O2/c1-14(20(21)22-2)19-13-17-8-7-15-3-5-16(6-4-15)9-11-18(19)12-10-17/h3-6,10,12-13H,1,7-9,11H2,2H3

description: dataset for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 168.2 (Cq, CO2CH3), 142.3 (Cq, CAr), 139.8 (Cq, CAr), 139.6 (Cq, CAr), 139.4 (Cq, CAr), 139.0 (Cq, CAr), 135.9 (Cq, CCH2), 134.8 (+, CH, CAr), 133.6 (+, CH, CAr), 133.5 (+, CH, CAr), 132.6 (+, CH, CAr), 132.0 (+, CH, CAr), 131.9 (+, CH, CAr), 128.8 (+, CH, CAr), 128.1 (–, CH2, CCH2), 52.4 (+, CH3,CO2CH3), 35.5 (–, CH2), 35.2 (–, CH2), 35.1 (–, CH2), 34.4 (–, CH2).
DOI: 10.14272/rduggfzjqygudc-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0002337
title: electrospray ionisation quadrupole detection (ESI Q Trap) ()
title: InChI=1S/C20H20O2/c1-14(20(21)22-2)19-13-17-8-7-15-3-5-16(6-4-15)9-11-18(19)12-10-17/h3-6,10,12-13H,1,7-9,11H2,2H3

description: dataset for electrospray ionisation quadrupole detection (ESI Q Trap) HRMS (ESI, [M+H]+, C20H21O2) calcd.: 293.1536, found: 293.1530.
DOI: 10.14272/rduggfzjqygudc-uhfffaoysa-n.1
title: C20H20O2
title: InChI=1S/C20H20O2/c1-14(20(21)22-2)19-13-17-8-7-15-3-5-16(6-4-15)9-11-18(19)12-10-17/h3-6,10,12-13H,1,7-9,11H2,2H3

description: This dataset contains experimental data from a sample (InChI=1S/C20H20O2/c1-14(20(21)22-2)19-13-17-8-7-15-3-5-16(6-4-15)9-11-18(19)12-10-17/h3-6,10,12-13H,1,7-9,11H2,2H3). The datasets from the following experiments are available: infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) electrospray ionisation quadrupole detection (ESI Q Trap) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR)
DOI: 10.14272/rduggfzjqygudc-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000593
title: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) ()
title: InChI=1S/C20H20O2/c1-14(20(21)22-2)19-13-17-8-7-15-3-5-16(6-4-15)9-11-18(19)12-10-17/h3-6,10,12-13H,1,7-9,11H2,2H3

description: dataset for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 6.65 (dd, J = 7.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.62 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.9 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.56 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.9 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.53 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.49 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H, CH2), 6.47 (s, 1H, HAr), 6.46 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.38 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H, HAr), 5.98 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H, CH2), 3.77 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.17–3.05 (m, 3H, HPc), 3.02–2.88 (m, 5H, HPc).
DOI: 10.14272/rduggfzjqygudc-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000630
title: infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) ()
title: InChI=1S/C20H20O2/c1-14(20(21)22-2)19-13-17-8-7-15-3-5-16(6-4-15)9-11-18(19)12-10-17/h3-6,10,12-13H,1,7-9,11H2,2H3

description: dataset for infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) IR (ATR, ṽ) = 3495 (m), 3009 (w), 2978 (w), 2951 (w), 2925 (s), 2890 (w), 2851 (w), 1892 (vw), 1718 (vs), 1589 (w), 1499 (w), 1479 (w), 1453 (m), 1436 (m), 1428 (m), 1411 (w), 1371 (w), 1350 (w), 1254 (vs), 1184 (w), 1160 (m), 1130 (vs), 1099 (vs), 1055 (m), 1034 (w), 965 (m), 950 (w), 939 (m), 922 (w), 898 (m), 881 (w), 837 (m), 812 (w), 793 (m), 781 (w), 754 (m), 715 (vs), 637 (m), 586 (m), 531 (w), 507 (s), 484 (w), 411 (w) cm–1.
DOI: 10.3886/e146845
title: Data and Code for: "Team-Specific Human Capital and Team Performance: Evidence from Doctors"

description: This paper studies whether team members' past collaboration creates team-specific human capital and influences current team performance. Using administrative Medicare claims for two heart procedures, I find that shared work experience between the doctor who performs the procedure ("proceduralist") and the doctors who provide care to the patient during the hospital stay for the procedure ("physicians") reduces patient mortality rates. A one standard deviation increase in proceduralist-physician shared work experience leads to a 10-14 percent reduction in patient 30-day mortality. Patient medical resource use also declines with shared work experience, even as survival improves.
DOI: 10.3886/e146845v1
title: Data and Code for: "Team-Specific Human Capital and Team Performance: Evidence from Doctors"

description: This paper studies whether team members' past collaboration creates team-specific human capital and influences current team performance. Using administrative Medicare claims for two heart procedures, I find that shared work experience between the doctor who performs the procedure ("proceduralist") and the doctors who provide care to the patient during the hospital stay for the procedure ("physicians") reduces patient mortality rates. A one standard deviation increase in proceduralist-physician shared work experience leads to a 10-14 percent reduction in patient 30-day mortality. Patient medical resource use also declines with shared work experience, even as survival improves.
DOI: 10.3886/e145822
title: Data and Code for: Tax Administration vs. Tax Rates: Evidence from Corporate Taxation in Indonesia

description: We compare two approaches to increasing tax revenue: tax administration and tax rates. We show that when Indonesia moved top regional firms into “Medium Taxpayer Offices,” with high staff-to-taxpayer ratios, tax revenue more than doubled. Examining non-linear changes to corporate income tax rates, we estimate an elasticity of taxable income of 0.579. Combining these estimates, improved tax administration is equivalent to raising rates on affected firms by 8 percentage points. On net, improved tax administration can have significant returns for developing countries.
description: Indonesian Corporate Taxpayers.
description: Administrative data, including accompanying auxiliary files, <b>cannot be made</b> publicly available. Interested researchers should follow the instructions in this repository's ReadME file file for obtaining administrative data.<br><br>Data on the Indonesian GDP deflator are provided in this repository. These data are publicly available, and can also be downloaded at: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IDNGDPDEFAISMEI.<br>
DOI: 10.3886/e145822v1
title: Data and Code for: Tax Administration vs. Tax Rates: Evidence from Corporate Taxation in Indonesia

description: We compare two approaches to increasing tax revenue: tax administration and tax rates. We show that when Indonesia moved top regional firms into “Medium Taxpayer Offices,” with high staff-to-taxpayer ratios, tax revenue more than doubled. Examining non-linear changes to corporate income tax rates, we estimate an elasticity of taxable income of 0.579. Combining these estimates, improved tax administration is equivalent to raising rates on affected firms by 8 percentage points. On net, improved tax administration can have significant returns for developing countries.
description: Indonesian Corporate Taxpayers.
description: Administrative data, including accompanying auxiliary files, <b>cannot be made</b> publicly available. Interested researchers should follow the instructions in this repository's ReadME file file for obtaining administrative data.<br><br>Data on the Indonesian GDP deflator are provided in this repository. These data are publicly available, and can also be downloaded at: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IDNGDPDEFAISMEI.<br>
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/b97228afa320776ff79fcceea61761be
title: Hawaii Dry Forest Plot Data

description: Fourteen closed-canopy dry forest sites in the Hawaiian Islands (four on Kaua'i, two on O'ahu, one on Moloka'i, three on Lanā‘i, one on Maui, and three on Hawai‘i) were selected and surveyed in 2004–2006 to assess their diversity and structure in relationship to climate, and to identify relationships with satellite vegetation indices. Field measurements of woody plant species at all sites followed Gentry (1988). ‘Gentry transects’ consist of belt transects totaling 1000 m2 (0.1 ha). Each sample consisted of 10 belt transects (2 m · 50 m) 10 m apart in which all woody plants greater than or equal to 2.5 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) rooted in the sample area were identified (Gentry, 1988). We documented the floristic composition and quantified species richness, density, basal area, and canopy height for each site. Data were collected while S.P. was a graduate student at UCLA in the Department of Geography. There are 16 csv files in this data set that include a summary table, a locations table, and a separate table for each of the 14 sites. Each ‘site’ contains one 0.1ha plot.
DOI: 10.3886/e145301
title: Data and Code for: Sectoral Media Focus and Aggregate Fluctuations

description: We formalize the editorial role of news media in a multi-sector economy andshow that media can be an independent source of business cycle fluctuations,even when they report accurate information. Public reporting about a subsetof sectoral developments that are newsworthy but unrepresentative causesfirms across all sectors to hire too much or too little labor. We constructhistorical measures of US sectoral news coverage and use them to calibrateour model. Time-varying media focus generates demand-like fluctuations thatare orthogonal to productivity, even in the absence of non-TFP shocks.Presented with historical sectoral productivity, the model reproduces the2009 Great Recession.
DOI: 10.3886/e145301v1
title: Data and Code for: Sectoral Media Focus and Aggregate Fluctuations

description: We formalize the editorial role of news media in a multi-sector economy andshow that media can be an independent source of business cycle fluctuations,even when they report accurate information. Public reporting about a subsetof sectoral developments that are newsworthy but unrepresentative causesfirms across all sectors to hire too much or too little labor. We constructhistorical measures of US sectoral news coverage and use them to calibrateour model. Time-varying media focus generates demand-like fluctuations thatare orthogonal to productivity, even in the absence of non-TFP shocks.Presented with historical sectoral productivity, the model reproduces the2009 Great Recession.
DOI: 10.25573/data.10042460.v13
title: Barro Colorado Island, Lutz Catchment_Runoff

description: Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Conrad Catchment weirLocation 9°9'25.50"N, 79°50'53.09"W<br>Weir interval stage, avg. flow rate and total discharge<br>Lutz catchment is a 9.73ha protected watershed on BCIThe weir was constructed in 1972<br>
DOI: 10.14272/ttxgkcvkgxhpri-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000470
title: mass spectrometry (MS) (4,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diamine)
title: InChI=1S/C6H6Br2N2/c7-3-1-5(9)6(10)2-4(3)8/h1-2H,9-10H2

description: dataset for mass spectrometry (MS) MS (EI, 70 eV, 80 °C), m/z (%) : 348 (10), 346 (28), 344 (29), 342 (10), 268/266/264 (49/100/49) [M]+, 78 (13).HRMS–EI (m/z): [M]+ calcd for C6H6N279Br2 263.8898; found 263.8892.
DOI: 10.14272/ttxgkcvkgxhpri-uhfffaoysa-n.1
title: (2-amino-4,5-dibromo-phenyl)amine
title: InChI=1S/C6H6Br2N2/c7-3-1-5(9)6(10)2-4(3)8/h1-2H,9-10H2

description: This dataset contains experimental data from a sample (4,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diamine, InChI=1S/C6H6Br2N2/c7-3-1-5(9)6(10)2-4(3)8/h1-2H,9-10H2). The datasets from the following experiments are available: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) mass spectrometry (MS)
DOI: 10.14272/ttxgkcvkgxhpri-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000595
title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) (4,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diamine)
title: InChI=1S/C6H6Br2N2/c7-3-1-5(9)6(10)2-4(3)8/h1-2H,9-10H2

description: dataset for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) 13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : 112.6 (2C, Cq), 120.4 (2C, CH), 137.3 (2C, Cq).
DOI: 10.14272/ttxgkcvkgxhpri-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000630
title: infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) (4,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diamine)
title: InChI=1S/C6H6Br2N2/c7-3-1-5(9)6(10)2-4(3)8/h1-2H,9-10H2

description: dataset for infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) IR (ATR, ṽ) = 3386, 3310, 3291, 3227, 3217, 3184, 1619, 1565, 1483, 1451, 1388, 1375, 1326, 1271, 1214, 1162, 1106, 1041, 1009, 916, 858, 803, 747, 735, 717, 681, 647, 594, 551, 510, 486, 482, 442, 412, 392, 384, 380 cm–1.
DOI: 10.14272/ttxgkcvkgxhpri-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000593
title: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) (4,5-dibromobenzene-1,2-diamine)
title: InChI=1S/C6H6Br2N2/c7-3-1-5(9)6(10)2-4(3)8/h1-2H,9-10H2

description: dataset for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : 6.90 (s, 2H, HAr), missing signal (4H, NH2) due to H exchange.
DOI: 10.3886/e146361
title: Data and Code for: Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency

description: This paper evaluates the long-run effects of Head Start using large-scale, restricted administrative data. Using the county rollout of Head Start between 1965 and 1980 and age-eligibility cutoffs for school entry, we find that Head Start generated large increases in adult human capital and economic self-sufficiency, including a 0.65-year increase in schooling, a 2.7-percent increase in high-school completion, an 8.5-percent increase in college enrollment, and a 39-percent increase in college completion. These estimates imply sizable, long-term returns to public investments in large-scale preschool programs.
description: All children born 1950-1980 in the continental United States.
DOI: 10.3886/e146361v1
title: Data and Code for: Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency

description: This paper evaluates the long-run effects of Head Start using large-scale, restricted administrative data. Using the county rollout of Head Start between 1965 and 1980 and age-eligibility cutoffs for school entry, we find that Head Start generated large increases in adult human capital and economic self-sufficiency, including a 0.65-year increase in schooling, a 2.7-percent increase in high-school completion, an 8.5-percent increase in college enrollment, and a 39-percent increase in college completion. These estimates imply sizable, long-term returns to public investments in large-scale preschool programs.
description: All children born 1950-1980 in the continental United States.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17052407
title: Diel data for Hydrophis platurus xanthos

description: Dataset descriptions and collection methods summary in README.
DOI: 10.15482/usda.adc/1524266
title: Data from: Impact of high-intensity ultrasound on physical properties and degree of oxidation of lipase modified menhaden oil with caprylic acid and/or stearic acid
DOI: 10.3886/e145421
title: Data and Code for: Product Innovation, Product Diversification, and Firm Growth: Evidence from Japan’s Early Industrialization

description: We explore how firms grow by adding products. We leverage detailed data from Japan’s cotton spinning industry at the turn of the last century to do so. This setting allows us to fully characterize the type of differentiation (vertical or horizontal) of new product introductions as well as whether the product is within or outside of the firm’s prior technological capabilities. We find that trying to introduce innovative products beyond the firm’s previous technologically feasible set, even if such trials fail, is a key to firm growth. Indeed, it mostly facilitates growth through the firm’s later success in horizontal product diversification. In long-term outcomes, the right tail of the firm size distribution becomes dominated by firms first moved into technologically challenging products and then later applied their newly acquired technical competence to horizontal expansion of their product portfolios. Two mechanisms through which this knowledge transfer occurs are greater production system flexibility and higher product appeal to downstream buyers.
description: Cotton spinning industry firms operating in Japan between 1893-1914.