DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ksn02v71r
title: Personality driven life-history trade-offs differ in two sub-populations of free ranging predators

description: 1) Consistent individual differences in behaviour (i.e. personality) can
 be explained in an evolutionary context if they are favoured by
 life-history trade-offs as conceptualized in the pace-of-life syndrome
 (POLS) hypothesis. Theory predicts that faster growing individuals suffer
 higher mortality and that this trade-off is mediated through
 exploration/risk-taking personality, but empirical support for this
 remains limited and ambiguous. Equivocal support to the POLS hypothesis
 suggests that the link between life-history and personality may only
 emerge under certain circumstances. Understanding personality driven
 trade-offs would be facilitated by long-term studies in wild populations
 experiencing different ecological conditions. 2) Here, we tested whether
 personality measured in semi-captivity was associated with a
 growth-mortality trade-off via risk-taking in the wild in two
 sub-populations of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) known to
 differ in their predator abundance. We expected stronger personality
 driven trade-offs in the predator-rich environment as compared to the
 predator-poor environment. 3) Sharks were captured yearly from 1995
 onwards allowing us to obtain long-term data on growth and apparent
 survival in each sub-population. We then used a novel open-field assay to
 test sharks for exploration personality yearly from 2012 to 2017. A subset
 of the tested sharks was monitored in the field using telemetry to
 document risk-taking behaviours. We tested (i) if fast explorers in
 captivity took more risks and grew faster in the wild and (ii) if natural
 selection acted against more explorative, faster growing sharks. 4) In the
 sub-population with fewer predators, more explorative sharks in captivity
 took more risks in the wild and grew faster. In turn, larger, fast-growing
 sharks had lower apparent survival. In the predator-rich sub-population,
 despite finding selection on fast growth, we found no link between
 exploration personality and the growth-mortality trade-off. 5) Our study
 demonstrates that the association between personality and life-history is
 favoured in some ecological contexts but not in others. We identify
 predator and resource abundance as two main potential drivers of the
 personality mediated trade-off and emphasize that future work on the POLS
 hypothesis would benefit from an approach integrating behaviour and
 life-history across ecological conditions.
description: <strong>Dataset:
 JAE-supp-markrecapture</strong>  
 PIT.Tag: Unique individual identifyer Year:
 year of capture Sub.pop: Sub-population of capture
 (Either "Bimini - NS" (North Sound) or "Bimini - SL"
 (Sharkland)) std.PCL: Pre-caudal lenght, mean centered
 with a standard deviation of one within sub-population and year
 Growth: yearly growth in cm std.Growth:
 Growth, mean centered with a standard deviation of one within
 sub-population and year Explo: exploration score in a
 captive novel-open field test std.Explo: Exploration
 score, mean centered with a standard deviation of one within
 sub-population and year Survival.y1: survival to year
 n+1 or more std.Survival.y1: survival to year n+1 or
 more, mean centered with a standard deviation of one within sub-population
 and year Survival.y2: survival to year n+2 or
 more std.Survival.y2: survival to year n+2 or more,
 mean centered with a standard deviation of one within sub-population and
 year   <strong>Dataset:
 JAE-supp-distancedata</strong> PIT.Tag: Unique
 individual identifyer Tracking.season: year of acoustic
 tagging Sub.pop: Sub-population of capture (Either
 "Bimini - NS" (North Sound) or "Bimini - SL"
 (Sharkland)) std.Explo: Exploration score, mean
 centered with a standard deviation of one within sub-population and
 year Growth: yearly growth in cm
 std.Growth: Growth, mean centered with a standard deviation of
 one within sub-population and year Survival.y1:
 survival to year n+1 or more std.Survival.y1: survival
 to year n+1 or more, mean centered with a standard deviation of one within
 sub-population and year Distance: Distance from the
 nearest shore (m) sqrt.Distance: Distance from the
 nearest shore, square root transformed  
 <strong>Dataset:
 JAE-supp-distancesummary</strong> A summary of
 "JAE-supp-distancedata" with one line per individual
 n: number of tracked observations Distance:
 mean distance for the individual sqrt.Distance: mean
 distance for the individual, square root transformed
 Distancese: standard error of the distance for the
 individual