cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3qn05
title: Data from: Temperature-dependent species interactions shape priority effects and the persistence of unequal competitors

description: The order of species arrival at a site can determine the outcome of
 competitive interactions when early arrivers alter the environment or
 deplete shared resources. These priority effects are predicted to be
 stronger at high temperatures, as higher vital rates caused by warming
 allows early arrivers to more rapidly impact a shared environment. We
 tested this prediction using a pair of congeneric aphid species that
 specialize on milkweed plants. We manipulated temperature and arrival
 order of the two aphid species, and measured aphid population dynamics and
 milkweed survival and defensive traits. We found that warming increased
 the impact of aphids on the quantity and quality of milkweed, which
 amplified the importance of priority effects by increasing the competitive
 exclusion of the inferior competitor when it arrived late. Warming also
 enhanced interspecific differences in dispersal, which could alter
 relative arrival times at a regional scale. Our experiment provides a
 first link between temperature-dependent trophic interactions, priority
 effects and dispersal. This study suggests that the indirect and cascading
 effects of temperature observed here may be important determinants of
 diversity in the temporally and spatially complex landscapes that
 characterize ecological communities.
description: Plant, aphid, dispersal
 and temperature dataData for A. nerii and A.
 asclepiadis population counts, plant responses (growth, death, latex,
 trichomes, biomass), A. nerii and A. asclepiadis dispersal, and
 temperature. Column headings are described on the first tab. Collected
 over the course of five weeks in 2014 in growth chambers at the University
 of Toronto.Data from Grainger et al. -
 Temperature dependent priority
 effects.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.17331
title: Data from: Spatially heterogeneous perturbations homogenize the regulation of insect herbivores

description: Anthropogenic influences on resources and consumers can affect food web
 regulation, with impacts on trophic structure and ecosystem processes.
 Identifying how these impacts unfold is challenging because alterations to
 one or both resources and consumers can similarly transform community
 structure, especially for intermediate consumers. To date, empirical
 testing of perturbations on trophic regulation has been limited by the
 difficulty in separating the direct effect of perturbations on species
 composition and diversity from those unfolding indirectly via altered
 feeding pathways. Moreover, disentangling the independent and interactive
 impacts of covarying stressors that characterize human-altered systems has
 been an ongoing analytical challenge. We used a large-scale metacommunity
 experiment in grasslands to test how resource inputs, stand perturbation,
 and spatial factors affect regulation of insect herbivores in tritrophic
 grassland food webs. Using path-model comparisons, we observed significant
 simplification of food web regulation on insect herbivores, shifting from
 mixed predator-resource regulation in unaltered mainland areas to strictly
 resource-based regulation with landscape perturbation and fragmentation.
 Most changes were attributed to homogenization of plant community caused
 by landscape fragmentation and the deterministic influence of
 eutrophication that reduced among-patch beta diversity. This led to a
 simplified food web dominated by fewer but more abundant herbivore taxa.
 Our work implies that anthropogenic perturbation relating to resources and
 spatial isolation can transform the regulation of food web diversity,
 structure, and function.
description: Harvey_MacDougall_AmNat_2015The zip file contains two excel sheets, one for plant, and one for arthropod data. Each excel sheet is a community data matrix where each row represents a sampling plot, and each column a plant or arthropod taxa. Additional information on treatments, and geographical location is provided in the different corresponding columns. For more details on the sampling design in itself, please see the Methods section of the main paper. Please note that this data can be used directly with the R code provided in the Appendix E of the paper to reproduce the results.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2dh6m
title: Data from: Optimal running speeds when there is a trade-off between speed and the probability of mistakes

description: 1. Do prey run as fast as they can to avoid capture? This is a common
 assumption in studies of animal performance, yet a recent mathematical
 model (Wheatley et al. 2015) of escape behaviour predicts that animals
 should instead use speeds below their maximum capabilities even when
 running from predators. Fast speeds may compromise motor control and
 accuracy of limb placement, particularly as the animal runs along narrow
 structures like beams or branches. Mistakes decrease speed and increase
 the probability of capture. 2. We tested several key assumptions and
 predictions of Wheatley et al.’s (2015) model using wild-caught northern
 quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus), a squirrel-sized marsupial carnivore. We
 quantified the speeds of quolls as they traversed beams of differing width
 and expected animals should balance the benefits of higher speeds against
 the increased probability of mistakes when selecting speeds. 3. We first
 explored whether the probability of mistakes when running along a beam
 increased at faster running speeds (speed-accuracy trade-off) and when the
 difficulty of a task was greater (narrower beam). In addition, we
 quantified the costs of locomotor mistakes to test the assumption that
 mistakes decreased overall running speed. Finally, we tested whether
 individual northern quolls modulated their running speeds when moving on
 narrow beams, which would decrease the probability of making catastrophic
 mistakes. 4. We found quolls were more likely to make mistakes when
 running faster and on the narrower beam. Locomotor mistakes increased the
 total time needed to traverse the entire beam, and each mistake decreased
 average escape speed by around 50%, representing a substantial cost for
 slips or trips. To circumvent the costs of these mistakes, quolls
 voluntarily reduced speeds in situations when they are more likely to make
 a mistake (i.e. narrower beams), thereby allowing them to decrease the
 total time it took to traverse the beam. 5. Our data provide support for
 the assumptions and predictions of Wheatley et al.’s (2015) model of
 optimal escape speeds, and suggest that animals optimise rather than
 simply maximise speeds when running along challenging substrates. Our work
 provides a foundation for understanding the movement behaviour of animals
 when their objective is to escape predatory attacks, and demonstrates that
 animals should select their escape strategy based on how both the speed of
 movement and motor control affect task success.
description: Nasiretal.2017Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.489c7
title: Data from: Genetic determinants and epistasis for life history trait differences in the common monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus

description: Understanding the genetic basis of complex quantitative traits is a
 central problem in evolutionary biology, particularly for traits that may
 lead to adaptations in natural populations. The annual and perennial
 ecotypes of Mimulus guttatus provide an excellent experimental system for
 characterizing the genetic components of population divergence. The 2 life
 history ecotypes coexist throughout the geographic range. Focusing on
 population differences in life history traits, I examined the strength and
 direction of pairwise epistatic interactions between 2 target chromosomal
 regions (DIV1 and DIV2) when singly and cointrogressed into the alternate
 population’s genetic background. I measured a suite of flowering and
 vegetative traits related to life history divergence in 804 plants from 18
 reciprocal near-isogenic lines. I detected pleiotropic main effects for
 the DIV1 QTL in both genetic backgrounds and weaker main effects of the
 DIV2 QTL, primarily in the perennial background. Many of the traits showed
 epistatic interactions between alleles at the DIV1 and DIV2 QTL. Finally,
 for many traits, the magnitude of effect size was greater in the perennial
 background. I evaluate these results in the context of their potential
 role in population divergence in M. guttatus and adaptive evolution in
 natural populations.
description: Phenotypic data for
 NILsRaw data for phenotypic
 measurements for 18 near-isogenic lines (3 genotypes at 2 QTLs in 2
 genetic backgrounds) grown in greenhouseNILs_rawdata.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cm503
title: Data from: Brain size affects performance in a reversal-learning test

description: It has become increasingly clear that a larger brain can confer cognitive
 benefits. Yet not all of the numerous aspects of cognition seem to be
 affected by brain size. Recent evidence suggests that some more basic
 forms of cognition, for instance colour vision, are not influenced by
 brain size. We therefore hypothesize that a larger brain is especially
 beneficial for distinct and gradually more complex aspects of cognition.
 To test this hypothesis, we assessed the performance of brain size
 selected female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in two distinct aspects of
 cognition that differ in cognitive complexity. In a standard
 reversal-learning test we first investigated basic learning ability with a
 colour discrimination test, then reversed the reward contingency to
 specifically test for cognitive flexibility. We found that large-brained
 females outperformed small-brained females in the reversed-learning part
 of the test but not in the colour discrimination part of the test.
 Large-brained individuals are hence cognitively more flexible, which
 likely yields fitness benefits, as they may adapt more quickly to social
 and/or ecological cognitive challenges. Our results also suggest that a
 larger brain becomes especially advantageous with increasing cognitive
 complexity. These findings corroborate the significance of brain size for
 cognitive evolution.
description: Reversal_learning_performanceCorrect and incorrect choices of 48 female guppies during an initial colour discrimination test followed by a reversal-learning testDryad_data_RL.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5j754
title: Data from: Causes and consequences of fine-scale population structure in a critically endangered freshwater seal

description: [No abstract entered]
description: Saimaa_ringed_seal_microsatSaimaa ringed seal genotypes based on 17 microsatellite loci. Individuals sampled between the years 1980-2008 from five regions of Lake Saimaa; Northern Saimaa (1st pop), Kolovesi (2nd pop), Main Haukivesi area (3rd pop), Pihlajavesi area (4th pop) and Southern Saimaa (5th pop). The data is in GenePop format.Saimaa_ringed_seal_sample_infoCollection information on the individual Saimaa ringed seals included in the study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76854
title: Data from: HIV testing in a South African emergency department: a missed opportunity

description: Background: South Africa (SA) has the highest burden of HIV infection in
 the world. Even though HIV testing is mandated in all hospital-based
 facilities in SA, it is rarely implemented in the emergency department
 (ED). EDs are episodic care centers that provide care to large volumes of
 undifferentiated patients for short periods of time, and may treat
 undiagnosed HIV-infected patients not captured through standard clinic
 based screenings. Methods and Findings: In this prospective study, we
 implemented the National South African HIV testing guidelines, including
 24-hours a day counselor initiated HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT), at
 Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape from September 1 to November 30, 2016.
 All patients that presented for care in the ED during the study period,
 and who were clinically stable and fully conscious, were eligible to be
 approached by HCT staff to receive a rapid point-of-care HIV test. A total
 of 2355 of the 9583 (24.6%) patients that presented to the ED for care
 during the study period were approached by the HCT staff, of whom 1852
 were enrolled in the study. There was high uptake of HIV testing (78.6%)
 among a predominantly male (58%) patient group that mostly presented with
 traumatic injuries (70.8%). Four hundred (21.6%) of the enrolled patients
 were HIV positive, including 115 (6.2%) with previously undiagnosed HIV
 infection. The overall prevalence of HIV infection in females (29.8%) was
 twice that compared to males (15.4%), despite the burden of undiagnosed
 infection being similar (6.0% for all females and 6.4% for all males).
 Conclusions: Overall there was a high HIV testing uptake that revealed a
 significant burden of undiagnosed HIV infection in this setting,
 especially in young males. Future research should focus on testing
 optimization, and efficient linkage to care from the ED for antiretroviral
 therapy initiation.
description: Frere
 DataSetAvailable in this data
 set are the vital signs, chief complaints and HIV status of all patients
 that presented to the Frere Hospital in East London during the study
 period and were enrolled in the study. Subject ID and date/time of
 presentation have been removed due to sensitivities surrounding HIV
 testing.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.802t8
title: Data from: The evolution of queen pheromones in the ant genus Lasius

description: Queen pheromones are among the most important chemical messages regulating
 insect societies yet they remain largely undiscovered, hindering research
 into interesting proximate and ultimate questions. Identifying queen
 pheromones in multiple species would give new insight into the selective
 pressures and evolutionary constraints acting on these ubiquitous signals.
 Here, we present experimental and phylogenetic evidence that
 3-methylalkanes, hydrocarbons present on the queen’s cuticle, are a queen
 pheromone throughout the ant genus Lasius. Phylogenetic analyses of the
 chemical profile imply that 3-methylalkanes evolve more slowly than other
 types of hydrocarbons, perhaps due to differential selection or
 evolutionary constraints. We argue that the sensory ecology of the worker
 response imposes strong stabilising selection on queen pheromones relative
 to other hydrocarbons. 3-methylalkanes are also strongly physiologically
 and genetically coupled with fecundity in at least one Lasius species,
 which may translate into evolutionary constraints. Our results highlight
 how honest signalling could minimise evolutionary conflict over
 reproduction, promoting the evolution and maintenance of eusociality.
description: Raw CHC
 dataThe untransformed peak
 areas, produced by integrating GC-MS output files in Chemstation. The data
 are grouped by species and caste.Details of phylogenetic
 analysesPhylogentic
 reconstructions and Mesquite analyses. See readme file for
 detials.analysis_files_for_Dryad.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.85qv1
title: Data from: High genetic diversity and low population structure in Porter’s sunflower (Helianthus porteri)

description: Granite outcrops in the southeastern United States are rare and isolated
 habitats that support edaphically controlled communities dominated by
 herbaceous plants. They harbor rare and endemic species that are expected
 to have low genetic variability and high population structure due to small
 populations sizes and their disjunct habitat. We test this expectation for
 an annual outcrop endemic, Helianthus porteri (Porter’s sunflower).
 Contrary to expectation, H. porteri has relatively high genetic diversity
 (He = 0.681) and relatively low genetic structure among the native
 populations (FST = 0.077) when compared to five other Helianthus species
 (N = 288; 18 EST-SSR markers). These findings suggest greater gene flow
 than expected. The potential for gene flow is supported by the analysis of
 transplant populations established with propagules from a common source in
 1959. One population established close to a native popualtion (1.5 km) at
 the edge of the natural range is genetically similar to and shares rare
 alleles with the adjancent native population and is distinct from the
 central source population. In contrast, a transplant population
 established north of the native range has remained similar to the source
 population. The relatively high genetic diversity and low population
 structure of this species, combined with the long term success of
 transplanted populations, bodes well for its persistence as long as the
 habitat persists.
description: Gevaert_SupMat_TableS1This table provides primer information for the 18 EST-SSR markers used in this study and first published in Pashley et al. (2006; J Hered 97: 381-388). The column titled Locus ID refers to the nomenclature used in this study and previously referenced in Ellis et al. (2006; Mol. Ecol. 15: 2345-2355). The M13 tail used for labeling of all forward primers was CACGACGTTGTAAAACGAC, and is not included in the Forward Primer column. The expected size of each locus is based on the EST sequences originally developed for Helianthus annuus, and with the exception of BL0003, BL0010, BL0011 and BL0018, correspond similarly in H. porteri. Additional information on these markers is available at http://www.theburkelab.org/datafiles/JHered2006b_Primers.txtGevaert_SupMat_FigureS1This figure shows the results of a STRUCTURE analysis (Pritchard et al. 2000) with K = 5 genetic clusters for 10 native populations and 2 transplant populations of Helianthus porteri. Bars for each individual indicate the average result across fifteen independent iterations. Each individual is represented along the x-axis, with populations presented in order of geographical location, CMR being farthest west and HR being farthest east, along the y-axis. PL and NC populations refer to the 2 transplant populations, where PL is adjacent to HR and NC is isolated from all populations in North Carolina.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d37n0
title: Data from: Nectar accessibility determines fitness, flower choice and abundance of hoverflies that provide natural pest control

description: 1. In modern agricultural landscapes many organisms providing ecosystem
 services such as pollination and natural pest control are likely
 constrained by shortage of nectar and/or pollen required for adult
 nutrition. More and more flower-rich field margin strips and other
 habitats are created to eliminate these constraints. For most target
 organisms, however, it is not well known which (types of) flowers are
 effective in providing suitable pollen and nectar. 2. We studied the
 suitability of a wide range of flowers as a food source for zoophagous
 hoverflies (hoverflies with predatory larvae) at five different levels:
 nectar accessibility (based on flower morphology), realized adult fitness,
 flower choice (both based on cage experiments), flower visitation, and
 hoverfly abundance in mixed vegetation (both based on field observations).
 3. Realized survival of Episyrphus balteatus is related to effective
 flower depth by a sigmoid function. The critical flower depth is 1.6 mm,
 which is less than the proboscis size of the hoverfly. For Asteraceae the
 critical floret depth is even less than 1.0 mm, which – in contrast to
 common knowledge – rules out most species within this family. 4. Both
 flower choice in the laboratory and flower visitation rates in the field
 are well correlated with nectar accessibility and realized adult survival.
 5. In mixed floral vegetation the number of zoophagous hoverflies is
 highly correlated with the abundance of only those flowers that have
 accessible nectar for these hoverflies. 6. Synthesis and applications.
 This comparative study demonstrates that nectar (and not pollen)
 accessibility is the main driver determining flower resource suitability,
 flower choice and abundance of zoophagous hoverflies in arable field
 margins. The study identifies the limited range of plant species that can
 effectively support these beneficial insects. Preserving the right flowers
 in and around agricultural fields could enhance local populations and the
 pest control and pollination services they provide.
description: Nectar accessibility and
 flower-specific hoverfly longevity, choice, visitation and
 abundanceThe Excel file contains
 5 data sets, one for each test described in the related paper: 1. Flower
 size of selected plants species. 2. Hoverfly survival: survival time of
 male and female Episyrphus balteatus in relation to the flower species
 present in cage. 3. Flower choice: time allocation of male and female
 Episyrphus balteatus to one of four flower species present in cage,
 translated into selection events. 4. Flower visitation: composition of
 flower visiting insects per plant species in field margin strips. 5.
 Hoverfly abundance: number of zoophagous hoverflies (and other
 flower-visiting insects) in relation to flower abundance and composition
 of field margin strips. The first sheet provides a more detailed
 description of the 5 data sets.Data Flowerrange
 JAE.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kg262
title: Data from: Linking diversity, synchrony and stability in soil microbial communities

description: 1. It is becoming well established that plant diversity is instrumental in
 stabilizing the temporal functioning of ecosystems through population
 dynamics and the so-called insurance or portfolio effect. However, it is
 unclear whether diversity-stability relationships and the role of
 population dynamics in soil microbial communities parallel those in plant
 communities. 2. Our study took place in a long-term land management
 experiment with and without perturbation to the soil ecosystem by tilling.
 We assessed the impacts of the soil perturbation on the diversity,
 synchrony and stability relationships in soil fungal and bacterial
 communities. 3. We found that the perturbation to the soil ecosystem not
 only reduced the abundance and richness of the fungal community, but it
 also reduced the temporal stability in both bacterial and fungal
 abundance. The fungal community abundance was destabilized by soil tilling
 due to reduced richness and increased temporal variation of individual
 taxa. In contrast, soil tilling destabilized the bacterial community
 abundance by reducing the temporal variation of individual taxa. Both
 bacterial and fungal community abundances were more temporally variable
 when taxa fluctuated more synchronously through time. 4. Our results show
 that land management practices, such as tilling, can destabilize soil
 microbial abundance by reducing the richness and disrupting the temporal
 dynamics belowground. However, the differences in the mechanisms that
 underlie the temporal variations in fungal and bacterial net abundances
 suggests that the mechanisms that drive the stability can differ among
 guilds of organisms within the same system. The different temporal
 responses between the fungal and bacterial communities are likely linked
 to changes in edaphic properties resulting from the physical alteration of
 the soil structure.
description: FE_Data