cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/ccoaze
title: PPS Arctic Canada (Present processes, Past changes, Spatio-temporal variability in the Arctic delimitation zone, Canada)

description: In the summers of 2007-09, we collected data at over a dozen locations in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, northern Manitoba, northern Québec and Labrador. The results from these studies contribute to our short-term objectives: 1) an analysis of recent change in tree and shrub distributions; 2) the collection of environmental and microclimate data to accompany tree line change; 3) an investigation of the mechanisms of vegetation change at tree line; 4) the mapping of the spatial pattern of tree and non-tree species at tree line and in tundra islands within the boreal forest to predict future changes as tree line migrates; 5) an assessment of the role of disturbance; and 6) the development of models of the long-term relationship between environmental change, resource availability and human health and well-being in the forest-tundra ecotone. Data were collected regarding the impacts of changes in climatic conditions on tree line and their consequences on ecosystems and communities. Other data were collected on trees of all ages, seeds, vegetation, snow and ice, microclimate, spatial pattern, soil and socioeconomic indicators across the forest tundra ecotone at sites across northern Canada. Our key finding continues to be the large amount of variability in tree growth, regeneration and spatial pattern among tree species, regions across Canada and even sites within the same region. Evidence of change in and movement of the forest-tundra ecotone is evident in some site
s but not in others despite increasing temperatures. Seed viability or seedling recruitment may be hindering tree line movement at these sites. This variation in tree line response may be extremely challenging to outline general strategies for climate change adaptation in Arctic environments. Our long-term objectives are: 1) to model temporal and spatial tree line dynamics and to situate these processes within a comprehensive conceptual framework of environmental change that addresses ecological, social and cultural factors; 2) to assess the impact of climate change on processes within the tree line ecotone; 3) to determine ecosystem services of the tree line ecotone and their vulnerability with climate change and land use impacts; and 4) to develop conceptual models of the long term relationship of environmental change and human health and well-being in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-PPS Arctic This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/mpquhn
title: Pilot scale constructed wetlands for Arctic communities

description: As Arctic communities evolve and populations become more concentrated and urbanized, there is a growing need to develop environmentally sustainable technologies and resource management practices. Wastewater and water treatment methods are a particular challenge for northern communities. Disparities in access to safe water treatment methods have been shown between southern/urban populations and northern/Inuit/remote communities. Current wastewater treatment systems are rudimentary in the north because of constraints caused by remoteness, climate, and socio-economic factors. Constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment are an example of a sustainable, environmentally sound technology available for use in polar regions. This project is developing new engineering and technology solutions to assist Northern communities to adapt to changing demographic patterns and associated public sanitation and related health issues. The current disparity in safe, economical, and effective wastewater treatment is due to a number of factors including logistical issues such as construction and operational limitations, and limited capacity within communities including the requirements for skilled labour. Constructed wetlands present a viable alternative option to some of these problems. Researchers at the Centre for Alternative Wastewater Treatment, Fleming College, are studying the performance, efficacy and functioning of existing natural wetland treatment systems in six communities in Nunavut and examining the chemical and microbial processes occurring in treatment wetlands in cold climates. We are also collaborating with the United Nations Environment Programme to create software that can model treatment wetlands in cold climates and serve as a design and educational tool in the Canadian Arctic and other cold climate regions throughout the world. This project also includ
es a significant training component through the hiring and training of northern community research assistants to conduct sampling, assist with lab analysis and monitor the pilot wetland cells. It will also contribute to capacity building through targeted community oriented workshops and training of highly qualified personnel.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-Constructed Arctic Wetlands This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/a5nhoe
title: Yeendoo Nanh Nakhweenjit K'atr'ahanahtyaa: Environmental change and traditional use of the Old Crow Flats in northern Canada

description: This multidisciplinary project is comprised of eight components focusing on: geology and Paleoenvironments (Froese); hydrology and biology (Wolfe); permafrost (Burn); dendrochronology (Pisaric); vegetation (Lantz); food security (Chan); muskrat (Humphries); and moose (Cooley).
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-YNNK This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/06trle
title: A Canadian Arctic SOLAS Network

description: We are seeking answers to two key questions regarding the influence of marine processes on Arctic climate: 1) How will the increased flow of Pacific waters through the Canadian Archipelago affect the dynamics of climate-active gases in the ocean, and 2) How will these gases be affected by a reduction of sea-ice cover, and increased areas of open water? These questions have been addressed by our multidisciplinary team during two expeditions on the Canadian research ice-breaker Amundsen as part of the International Polar Year. The expeditions took place during the fall of 2007 and 2008. Eleven (2007) and ten (2008) Arctic SOLAS scientists from 7 Canadian institutions participated to these expeditions which allowed a unique and extensive longitudinal survey of these trace gases and aerosols in the High Canadian Arctic, from Baffin Bay to the Beaufort Sea. The missions enabled us to collect new oceanographic and atmospheric data on the distribution and cycling of DMS, N2O, and VOCs across the Canadian Archipelago and to relate these measurements to the distribution and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles. Activities of this program where coordinated with those of the IPY programs CFL, the Canadian program ArcticNet, and the international programs OASIS and SOLAS.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-Arctic SOLAS This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kct74f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44039 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "SpeciesKey is Antheraea polyphemus",
 "HasCoordinate is True"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44039 records from 73 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0046453-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/xm9xxj
title: INterContinental Atmospheric Transport of anthropogenic Pollutants to the Arctic (INCATPA)

description: Air monitoring of POPs and Hg has taken place at Alert, Nunavut, Canada and Ny Ålesund, Norway since the 1990s under the Northern Contaminants Program (NCP) of Canada and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), respectively. Through the International Polar Year (IPY) INCATPA project, stations on both sides of the Pacific Ocean have been initiated for air sampling of POPs and mercury (Hg). These include Little Fox Lakes, Yukon (POPs and Hg); Valkarkai, Russia (POPs); Dillingham and Fairbanks, Alaska (POPs); Barrow, Alaska (Hg); Waliguan, Wudalianchi and Xuancheng, China (POPs); Mt. Changbai, China (Hg); Hedo, Japan (POPs); and Ba Vi, Vietnam (POPs). All IPY sampling activities were completed in spring 2010. A few stations continue to operate, supported by other programs, as a legacy of IPY. We continue Hg measurements in air at Whistler, B.C.; Barrow, Alaska; Amderma, Russia; and Mt. Changbai, China. At Little Fox Lakes, Yukon, Hg measurements continue under NCP. Pumped air measurements of POPs at this site completed in October 2009 and a new flowthrough-type air sampler, which can operate without electricity, was installed in an attempt to catch trans-Pacific transport in spring 2010. Mercury modelling transport studies have shown that Asia is the single greatest source of atmospheric mercury in the Arctic, contributing ~30% of the mercury input. This information is useful to policy makers at the international negotiating table striving to achieve the appropriate restrictions on release of pollutants of concern for the Arctic environment. Measurement results show that a gr
oup of toxic combustion by-product, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), detected in Yukon air was related to sources in North America, Asia and northern Europe, e.g. from wildfires in California and Asia, and oil and gas production platforms throughout the Arctic. Mercury deposition from air at Alert has changed between 1995 and 2007. This change shows a complex relationship with local temperature and wind direction. A warming Arctic may also release POPs previously deposited in ice/snow and oceans back into the air, making them once again available for circulation around the globe, altering human and wildlife exposures. The influence of climate change must be considered to reduce the exposure to toxic chemicals in the Arctic.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-INCATPA This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/pfgc6s
title: Carbon-flux and Microbial Community Dynamics in Low-Arctic Tundra

description: Arctic ecosystems store large amounts of carbon in organic matter that may contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) production as climate warms, further enhancing the greenhouse effect. We know that many biological factors, including plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and other soil microbes, regulate plant survival and the carbon-balance of arctic tundra, but these interactions are poorly understood. Recently, new advances in technology have allowed us to study belowground communities with resolution not previously possible, leading to new findings about the links between below and above ground community dynamics. Our research uses cutting-edge technology such as stable isotope tracing and molecular methods to investigate the role of soil microbial communities in the response of an Arctic ecosystem to climate change. We found that 1) mycorrhizal fungal networks link plants in tundra and play a critical role in the expansion of shrubs in Arctic landscapes with climate change; 2) as climate warms, tundra shrubs increasingly partner with mycorrhizal fungi that are specialized in the breakdown of the organic carbon stored in tundra soils; and 3) climate warming will alter the diversity and composition of free-living soil microbial communities in Arctic tundra and these changes will also lead to increased losses of carbon from soils. Our data suggest that microbial community change in Arctic tundra will act as a positive feedback to climate change, speeding up the rate of change in Low-Arctic tundra ecosystems.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-Carbon and Plants in Arctic Tundra This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/ucwcvt
title: Climate change and permafrost impacts on High Arctic watershed fluxes: Cape Bounty, Melville Island, experimental watershed observatory

description: Research at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO), Melville Island, Nunavut (74º54' N, 109º35' W) is investigating how climate change will affect High Arctic rivers, soils and vegetation to provide an unprecedented understanding of the hydrological and ecosystem processes that are sensitive to climate change, and also to predict and anticipate future effects. Climate can change the amount of water available through the amount of snowfall that is present during the spring. During the IPY years we have intensively examined how different snowpack and soil temperature conditions affect the spring melt, the amount of sediment and soil erosion, the growth of plants, and the release of dissolved nutrients and greenhouse gases. We will further link our field observations with satellite remote sensing of vegetation cover. We experimentally increased the amount of snow in small areas using snow fences, and compared observations between these sites and locations with unaltered snow cover. We also investigated these processes in areas where the permafrost has been disturbed and where soil disruption is intense. Finally, by studying the delivery of sediment and other materials to lakes and recovering sediments from the lakes, we will reconstruct past changes in landscape and ecosystem processes to identify what changes have already occurred. This project represents a major multidiscipli
nary integrated study of the hydrological, geomorphic, soil and plant systems combined with leading edge determinations of water chemistry and nutrient and gas release. At the end of the IPY period, the results from Cape Bounty will represent the longest, most comprehensive source of data to understand the processes and impacts that climate change will have on High Arctic landscapes and rivers. We have undertaken a number of efforts to integrate our research within the group, with IPY core groups, and with additional researchers. We have maintained strong working connections and attended workshops with the CiCAT IPY project and our international IPY partner groups (ACCONET, SEDIBUD, ITEX). We have also established strong working relationships with ArcticNet researchers that have resulted in sharing data sets, coordinated sampling, and analysis of results. All of these activities have significantly expanded the scope and comprehensiveness of our research program, and maximized the accessibility and value of the data we have collected.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-Climate Change and Permafrost, Cape Bounty This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/paob0s
title: TAWEPI - Thorpex Arctic Weather and Environment Prediction Initiative

description: TAWEPI's research activities started in April 2007 and large progress has been made in the development of Polar-GEM since then. A new version of the CMC regional NWP model became operational in the spring of 2009, including a northward extension of its high-resolution domain, which now covers most of the Arctic and shares various features with Polar-GEM. A research version of the model is being used to study the representation of radiative and cloud processes in weather forecasts. A multi-layer snow model coupled to sea-ice and blowing-snow parameterizations, describing processes over the various types of surfaces of the Arctic environment, such as sea-ice, tundra, glaciers and ice caps, was tested and evaluated. A methodology to validate model forecasts of cloud and radiation using satellite hyperspectral radiances was developed. Using a stratospheric extension of the GEM model, analyses of the stratosphere were extended and now cover the entire IPY period of 2007/2009, including estimates of the ozone field.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-TAWEPI This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/skj12n
title: Ocean freshwater fluxes through the Canadian archipelago (CAT)

description: The objectives of the CAT study are to acquire the first complete observations of Canadian Arctic through-flow and to understand why they occur and how they may change as climate changes. Long term measurements of ocean current and ice drift can be acquired only using by autonomous sub-sea instruments. During expeditions on several icebreakers in August 2007, such instruments were moored within the three principal gateways for flow between the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay: Nares Strait, Cardigan Strait and Lancaster Sound. The instruments were programmed to measure current, temperature, salinity, ice thickness, ice drift and sea level. They are recording these data internally because transmission of data to the outside world is not possible. Data from Lancaster Sound were recovered in August 2008, after which the instruments and moorings were serviced and re-deployed for another year¿s operation. Observations are still being recorded in the two more remote channels; they will not be seen until the instruments are recovered this coming August. In 2008 we were able to supplement the operating array by placing a planned third mooring in Cardigan Strait, filling a gap left open by instrument failure in 2007, and an automatic weather station on Hans Island in Nares Strait via an international collaboration. The CAT study includes a theoretical component. During 2008 we configured our numerical ocean models to represent the Canadian Archipelago in great detail. We have now collected and compiled the data needed to run the model: water depths, initial conditions for the
ocean and time variable atmospheric data for 1997 through 2004. Preliminary runs have been completed and work on a coupled sea-ice model is proceeding. We have discovered that a low resolution model of the entire Arctic to needed to deliver acceptable data to the boundary of the Archipelago model.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-Ocean Freshwater Fluxes, Canadian Archipelago (CAT) This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/8aiqle
title: NWT ice patch study

description: Twenty-eight alpine ice patches were identified using a combination of remote sensing techniques, archaeological site survey methods, and traditional knowledge. These alpine patches are similar in that they are all used extensively by caribou in summer and are accessible to human hunters. Biological specimens were collected from all 28 sites using ice coring technology and surface collection and include faunal remains (mostly bones) and fecal matter. The osteological remains were used, along with modern samples, to assess long-term changes in caribou population trends through analysis of ancient DNA. Caribou dominates the faunal remains recovered from the ice patches. Using ancient DNA techniques, we examined the genetic stability of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains over the last 4000 years. Pollen and plant macro-remains extracted from the caribou fecal matter were used to assess caribou food habits and environmental change over the same period. Using ground-penetrating radar and analysis of ice cores, a 3D morphological model of ice patch formation was developed. Archaeological collections from ice patches in the Selwyn Mountains include examples of three precontact weapon systems.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-NWT Ice Patch Study This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;
DOI: 10.5683/sp3/l2do8p
title: Impacts of Severe Arctic Storms and Climate Change on Arctic Coastal Oceanographic Processes

description: In terms of verification of model results with field data, we have built and verified detailed coupled models with components for atmosphere, ice, snow, waves and ocean. These models have been used and tested for time-scales that are appropriate for individual Arctic storms, days, weeks, months, years and decadal scales. Baseline runs, and verification of these models use comparisons with internationally accepted Arctic data-sets, and climate reanalysis data. We have developed new collaborations with researchers making field experiments, and we used their data in our model validation studies. In terms of model skill in storm simulations, we have implemented and tested high-resolution models to simulate interactions including waves, ice, currents, sediment transport and coastal ocean processes. Tests involved specific storms that made landfall along the southern Beaufort coast impacting communities in that region. Thus, we assessed the benefits of high-resolution coupled ice-ocean-wave studies and detailed air-sea interactions. Specifically, our studies demonstrated problems in standard wave model physics, related to waves in the nearshore region, off the Mackenzie Delta. Further development work on wave-bottom and wave-dissipative mechanisms is needed to achieve better model skill. In terms of seasonal to decadal climate simulations, we were able to simulate decadal ice variations, including the rapid ice decrease in recent years, and long-time scale variables such as the salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea, warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, the maximum fresh water content in the Beaufort Sea and its interannual variations during 2003-2008. We have identified key atmospheric patterns associated with strong wind events along the Beaufort
Sea coast. We have also comprehensively documented the wind climatology during the warm season at the coastal station, at Tuktoyaktuk, NWT. Meteorological processes contributing to significant storm surge events are being documented. Our research has shown the importance of explosive cyclogenesis in the North-eastern Pacific basin, as being crucial for the development of a synoptic-scale environment that is favourable for the development of cyclogenesis in the Beaufort Sea.
description: Type: Research Program: Notes: IPY-Arctic Storms and Oceanography This metadata record corresponds to an IPY project. Studies completed under this research project are identified as related materials. These studies can also be retrieved using the Polar Data Catalogue.;