DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tb08g
title: Data from: Reproductive character displacement shapes a spatially structured petal color polymorphism in Leavenworthia stylosa

description: Character displacement is a potentially important process driving trait
 evolution and species diversification. Floral traits may experience
 character displacement in response to pollinator-mediated competition
 (ecological character displacement) or the risk of forming hybrids with
 reduced fitness (reproductive character displacement). We test these and
 alternative hypotheses to explain a yellow-white petal color polymorphism
 in Leavenworthia stylosa, where yellow morphs are spatially associated
 with a white-petaled congener (L. exigua) that produces hybrids with
 complete pollen sterility. A reciprocal transplant experiment found
 limited evidence of local adaptation of yellow color morphs via increased
 survival and seed set. Pollinator observations revealed that Leavenworthia
 attract various pollinators that generally favor white petals and exhibit
 color constancy. Pollen limitation experiments showed that yellow petals
 do not alleviate competition for pollination. Interspecific pollinator
 movements were infrequent and low hybridization rates (∼0.40% - 0.85%)
 were found in each morph, with natural rates likely being lower.
 Regardless, hybridization rates were significantly higher in white morphs
 of L. stylosa, yielding a small selection coefficient of s = 0.0042
 against this phenotype in sympatry with L. exigua. These results provide
 support for reproductive character displacement as a mechanism
 contributing to the pattern of petal color polymorphism in L. stylosa.
description: Pollinator Observations
 DataThis workbook contains
 the raw data from observations of pollinators in both two-species (sheet
 1) and one-species (sheet 2) arrays. It also includes the visitation rates
 (visits/flower/hour) of pollinators for each observation session (sheet 3)
 given the number of open flowers at the time. This data was used to
 evaluate heterogeneity of preference between pollinator groups,
 differences in pollinator assemblages between yellow and white sites,
 differences in visitation to white and yellow flowers across sites, and
 floral constancy both within and between species.Local Adaptation
 DataThis workbook has data
 regarding the fitness characters of plants from one-species arrays (#
 seeds, # siliques, # total flowers). This data was used to assess the
 hypothesis of local adaptation by comparing the total number of seeds and
 mortality of white and yellow L. stylosa individuals in white and yellow
 populations.Leavenworthia spatial
 dataThis workbook contains
 the population locales for L. stylosa (sheet 1), L. exigua (sheet 2), and
 L. torulosa (sheet 3). These raw data were utilized to estimate nearest
 neighbor distances from L.stylosa populations (sheet 4) and to estimate
 levels of geographic isolation of white and yellow L. stylosa populations
 from L. exigua (sheet 5) and L. torulosa (sheet 6).C code for Geographic
 IsolationThis document contains
 the code (written in C and compiled and executed in Microsoft Codeblocks)
 used to sample Leavenworthia population locality data to produce estimates
 of geographic isolation between white and yellow populations L. stylosa
 and either L. exigua or L. torulosa.Pollen Supplementation
 DataThis workbook contains
 information on seed production (# siliques, # total seeds, proportion
 unsuccessful fruits) for both pollen supplemented and open pollinated L.
 stylosa plants grown in sympatry with either L. torulosa (sheet 1) or L.
 exigua (sheet 2). This data was used to test whether white or yellow L.
 stylosa plants alleviated pollen limitation in sympatry with these two
 congenerics.Hybridization Rate
 DataThis workbook contains
 the raw data used to identify hybrid seeds from L. stylosa plants in
 two-species arrays (sheet 1). Individuals were considered to be hybrids if
 they exhibited PCR bands for both an L. stylosa and L. exigua specific
 allele at the Lal2 locus. This data was used to estimate hybridization
 rates between white L. stylosa and L. exigua (sheet 2) and yellow L.
 stylosa (sheet 3) through the use of maximum likelihood
 inference.Migration-Selection
 Balance DataThis workbook contains
 the calculations used to determine the coefficient of selection against
 white L. stylosa in sympatry with L. exigua, the sterility of L. stylosa x
 L. exigua hybrid individuals, and the frequency of white L. stylosa in
 sympatry with L. exigua at migration-selection balance and in
 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These parameters were estimated using
 information from our hybridization rate estimates, greenhouse crossing
 experiments, and migration estimates from Dixon et al
 2013.Greenhouse hybridization
 dataThis workbook contains
 information on the number of adhering pollen grains, number of germinating
 pollen, and number of pollen tubes for different types of crosses between
 L. stylosa, L. exigua, and L. stylosa x L. exigua hybrid individuals. This
 data was used to identify the extent of pre-zygotic isolation between L.
 stylosa and L. exigua and to help quantify the sterility of hybrid
 offspring.