cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5vp4vs3
title: Data from: Selection for seed size: the unexpected effects of water availability and density

description: 1. Seed size is a functional trait with important fitness consequences
 that potentially extend throughout the life cycle of plants. Dithyrea
 californica experiences selection for larger seeds in post‐germination
 stages but it is still uncertain how environmental factors mediate the
 strength and the direction of natural selection on seed size. 2. D.
 californica represents a unique opportunity to investigate selection on
 seed size in natural conditions due to a persistent seed ring that stays
 attached to the root throughout the plant's life. This makes it
 possible to unearth plants at any stage and measure the size of the seed
 from which they originated. 3. We conducted a factorial experiment
 manipulating water availability and intraspecific competition using plants
 that naturally germinated in the wild. 4. Selection on seed size via
 survivorship was nil because all individuals survived to reproduce. The
 strength and the direction of selection on seed size via fecundity
 depended on water availability and conspecific density. 5. Contrary to our
 predictions, increasing conspecific density relaxed directional selection
 favoring larger seeds, but only in the wettest conditions and an increase
 in water availability strengthened it, but only at low density. A possible
 explanation of these counter‐intuitive results relies on the observed
 absence of survival selection and increased plant growth rates under high
 water and low density. 6. Larger seeds require more resources to construct
 and when this cost is taken into account; there is no overall fitness
 increase with seed size. This nicely follows the life history theory
 predictions for optimal seed size. At the evolutionary equilibrium, if
 seeds could be larger, per seed fitness would still increase, which is
 what we observed. But cost corrected fitness should be flat. Maternal
 fitness equals per seed fitness times seed number, so any increase to per
 seed fitness of making a bigger seed is balanced by the resulting cost to
 seed number. Our results indicate flat cost corrected fitness of seed size
 as theory predicts.
description: Selection on seed size
 experiment in the wildData from a natural
 selection experiment where we manipulated water avaliability and
 conspecific denisty to investigate the effects of the environment on
 selection on seed size. We used naturally germinated plants and we related
 relative fitness to standardized seed diameter to test slope differences
 between treatments.wd.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.61f4v
title: Data from: Performance of Encounternet tags: field tests of miniaturized proximity loggers for use on small animals

description: Proximity logging is a new tool for understanding social behavior as it
 allows for accurate quantification of social networks. We report results
 from field calibration and deployment tests of miniaturized proximity tags
 (Encounternet), digital transceivers that log encounters between tagged
 individuals. We examined radio signal behavior in relation to tag
 attachment (tag, tag on bird, tag on saline-filled balloon) to understand
 how radio signal strength is affected by the tag mounting technique used
 for calibration tests. We investigated inter-tag and inter-receiver
 station variability, and in each calibration test we accounted for the
 effects of antennae orientation. Additionally, we used data from a live
 deployment on breeding barn swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster) to
 analyze the quality of the logs, including reciprocal agreement in dyadic
 logs. We evaluated the impact (in terms of mass changes) of tag attachment
 on the birds. We were able to statistically distinguish between RSSI
 values associated with different close-proximity (&lt;5m) tag-tag
 distances regardless of antennae orientation. Inter-tag variability was
 low, but we did find significant inter-receiver station variability.
 Reciprocal agreement of dyadic logs was high and social networks were
 constructed from proximity tag logs based on two different RSSI
 thresholds. There was no evidence of significant mass loss in the time
 birds were wearing tags. We conclude that proximity loggers are accurate
 and effective for quantifying social behavior. However, because RSSI and
 distance cannot be perfectly resolved, data from proximity loggers are
 most appropriate for comparing networks based on specific RSSI thresholds.
 The Encounternet system is flexible and customizable, and tags are now
 light enough for use on small animals (&lt;50g).
description: II Levin Encounternet
 methods paper calibration and field test filesThe following CSV files
 are contained in the zipped folder: BarnFieldTest.csv: data for comparison
 of tag-tag RSSI in field vs. barn. BrokenLogComparison.csv: data to
 compare broken logs to unbroken logs of comparable length from
 Encounternet tag deployment. Brokenlogs.csv: Data containing all broken
 log files. Dyads.csv: Data for all dyadic logs collected from Encounternet
 tag deployment. DyadsforLogistcReg.csv: Data for logistic regression on
 dyadic logs. RangeTestforDummyMount.csv: Data for comparison of tag mount
 dummy for field testing. TagBaseTest.csv: Data for tests of inter-receiver
 station variability. TagTagDistCat.csv: Data for tests of inter-tag
 variability. TagTagTest.csv: Data for tests of inter-tag
 variability
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.65hp1f8
title: Data from: Predictable adaptive trajectories of sexual coloration in the wild: evidence from replicate experimental guppy populations

description: The question of whether populations evolve predictably and consistently
 under similar selective regimes is fundamental to understanding how
 adaptation proceeds in the wild. We address this question with a
 replicated evolution experiment focused upon male sexual coloration in
 guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Fish were transplanted from a single high
 predation population in the Guanapo River to four replicate, guppy‐free
 low predation headwater streams. Two streams had their canopies thinned to
 adjust the setting under which male coloration is displayed and perceived.
 We assessed evolutionary divergence using second‐generation lab‐bred
 offspring of fish sampled four to six years following translocation. A
 prior experiment of the same design, performed in an adjacent drainage,
 resulted in the evolution of more extensive orange, black and iridescent
 markings. We however found evidence for expansion only in structural
 coloration (iridescent blue/green), no change in orange, and a reduction
 in black. This response amplifies earlier findings for Guanapo fish,
 revealing that trajectories of color elaboration differ among drainages.
 We also found that color phenotypes evolved more greatly at the
 thinned‐canopy sites. Our findings support the predictability of sexual
 trait evolution in the wild, and underscore the importance of signaling
 conditions and ornamental starting points in shaping adaptive
 trajectories.
description: Raw Data
 EVO-18-0005Body size and color
 patch size for individual guppies from the Guanapo River and four
 experimental headwater sites.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.44tt0
title: Data from: MADA: Malagasy Animal trait Data Archive

description: Species are characterized by their behavioral, physiological and
 ecological attributes, which determine their role in ecosystems. In turn,
 ecosystems and their functions are defined by the species that inhabit
 them. Thus, evaluating the functional diversity and distributions of
 species is of utmost importance to studies of biogeography, community
 ecology, macroevolution, and conservation. The functional diversity of
 species are determined by traits such as diet, foraging strata, trophic
 level, activity cycle, litter size, generation length, habitat breadth and
 body mass. While there has been a recent growth of information regarding
 the vertebrate taxa of Madagascar, this information is not always easy to
 access (non-digitized), and is often fragmented by taxon, location, trait,
 or combinations thereof. Here, we present the Malagasy Animal trait Data
 Archive (MADA), a compilation of these and other functional traits,
 representing the ecological and geographical diversity of all 214 extant
 mammal and 242 bird species of Madagascar. Data were collected from
 extensive literature reviews. This Archive is currently limited by select
 cases of missing data, errors, and uncertainty in the literature; however,
 it represents the most comprehensive collection of functional trait data
 of Malagasy mammals and birds to date. The structure of the database
 allows for different levels of information (and specificity) in each entry
 and organization by taxon, range, bioclimate and trait. MADA will be
 continuously updated as new data become available. Potential uses of MADA
 include ecological research on the trait or trophic structure of
 communities, inquiries regarding the mechanisms of community assembly,
 comparative studies of functionally (dis)similar species, and conservation
 efforts concerned with the loss of ecosystem function. Madagascar is
 simultaneously home to one of the most exclusive, diverse, and endangered
 faunas of the world, making MADA a uniquely valuable resource for
 biodiversity science and conservation. No copyright restrictions are
 associated with this dataset. We would appreciate that researchers cite
 this paper if using all or part of the datasets.
description: MADA
 v.1DataS1.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9m84np6
title: Data from: What determines prey selection in owls? Roles of prey traits, prey class, environmental variables, and taxonomic specialization

description: Ecological theory suggests that prey size should increase with predator
 size, but this trend may be masked by other factors affecting prey
 selection, such as environmental constraints or specific prey preferences
 of predator species. Owls are an ideal case study for exploring how
 predator body size affects prey selection in the presence of other factors
 due to the ease of analyzing their diets from owl pellets and their
 widespread distributions, allowing interspecific comparisons between
 variable habitats. Here, we analyze various dimensions of prey resource
 selection among owls, including prey size, taxonomy (i.e., whether or not
 particular taxa are favored regardless of their size), and prey traits
 (movement type, social structure, activity pattern, and diet). We
 collected pellets of five sympatric owl species (Athene noctua, Tyto alba,
 Asio otus, Strix aluco, and Bubo bubo) from 78 sites across the
 Mediterranean Levant. Prey intake was compared between sites, with various
 environmental variables and owl species as predictors of abundance.
 Despite significant environmental impacts on prey intake, some key
 patterns emerge among owl species studied. Owls select prey by predator
 body size: Larger owls tend to feed on wider ranges of prey sizes, leading
 to higher means. In addition, guild members show both specialization and
 generalism in terms of prey taxa, sometimes in contrast with the
 expectations of the predator–prey body size hypothesis. Our results
 suggest that while predator body size is an important factor in prey
 selection, taxon specialization by predator species also has considerable
 impact.
description: Appendix 1 - Owl
 verebrate prey taxa in the souther Levant per siteThese are the raw data
 of the vertebrare prey taxa and abundances (as minimum number of
 individuals) of owl species in Israel, The West Bank and Golan Heights, as
 inferred from their pellets and bone accumulations at nesting and roosting
 sites. Some sites were visited more than once and data were pooled. Most
 data are from the years 2013-2015, but some are from museum pellets and
 date to 1980's-2000's. Please contact the authors if you need
 detailed information regarding the dates of collection. Coordinates were
 removed in order to prevent harassment to the owls. "Prey with
 mass" relates to prey taxa for which we assigned mass from the
 literature for the predator-prey body size analysis in the article. This
 sheet contain all taxa in the genus or species level, while for the former
 mass data were averaged from measurements of local species. No mass was
 assigned to prey that were identified to the family level or
 higher.Appendix 1 - Verebrate prey
 taxa per site.ods
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gj14q
title: Data from: Nesting habits influence population genetic structure of a bee living in anthropogenic disturbance

description: While most organisms are negatively affected by anthropogenic disturbance,
 a few species thrive in landscapes altered by humans. Typically, native
 bees are negatively impacted by anthropogenic environmental change,
 including habitat alteration and climate change. Here we investigate the
 population structure of the eastern carpenter bee Xylocopa virginica, a
 generalist pollinator with a broad geographic range spanning eastern North
 America. Eastern carpenter bees now nest almost exclusively in human made
 wooden structures, linking their geographic distribution and population
 structure to human activities and disturbance. To investigate the
 population structure of these bees, we sampled females from 16 different
 populations from across their range. Nine species-specific microsatellite
 loci showed that almost all populations are genetically distinct, but with
 high levels of genetic diversity and low levels of inbreeding overall.
 Broadly speaking, populations clustered into three distinct genetic
 groups: a Northern group, a Western group, and a Core group. The Northern
 group had low effective population sizes, decreased genetic variability
 and the highest levels of inbreeding in the dataset, suggesting that
 carpenter bees may be expanding their range northward. The Western group
 was genetically distinct, but lacked signals of a recent range expansion.
 Climatic data showed that summer and winter temperatures explained a
 significant amount of the genetic differentiation seen among populations,
 while precipitation did not. Our results indicate that X. virginica may be
 one of the rare “anthrophilic” species that thrive in the face of
 anthropogenic disturbance.
description: X virginica
 genotypesGenotypes and population
 data for female X. virginica.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4m0c3
title: Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities

description: Changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]),
 nutrient availability and biotic diversity are three major drivers of the
 ongoing global change impacting terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. While it
 is well established that soil nutrient heterogeneity exerts a strong
 influence on the development of plant individuals and communities, it is
 virtually unknown how nutrient heterogeneity and global change drivers
 interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem functioning. We
 conducted a microcosm experiment to evaluate the effect of simultaneous
 changes in [CO2], nutrient heterogeneity (NH), nutrient availability (NA)
 and species evenness on the biomass and nutrient uptake patterns of
 assemblages formed by Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus
 lanatus. When the nutrients were heterogeneously supplied,assemblages
 exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher above- and
 belowground biomass (average increases of 32% and 29% for above- and
 belowground biomass, respectively). Nutrient heterogeneity also modulated
 the effects of NA on biomass production, complementarity in nitrogen
 uptake and below: aboveground ratio, as well as those of [CO2] on the
 nutrient use efficiency at the assemblage level. Our results show that
 nutrient heterogeneity has the potential to influence the response of
 plant assemblages to simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient availability
 and biotic diversity, and suggest that it is an important environmental
 factor to interpret and assess plant assemblage responses to global
 change.
description: Maestre_GCB12Biomass and nutrient data from the harvesting of the experiment
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.962mb
title: Data from: Can natural selection favour altruism between species?

description: Darwin suggested that the discovery of altruism between species would
 annihilate his theory of natural selection. However, it has not been
 formally shown whether between-species altruism can evolve by natural
 selection, or why this could never happen. Here, we develop a spatial
 population genetic model of two interacting species, showing that
 indiscriminate between species helping can be favoured by natural
 selection. We then ask if this helping behaviour constitutes altruism
 between species, using a linear-regression analysis to separate the total
 action of natural selection into its direct and indirect (kin selected)
 components. We show that our model can be interpreted in two ways, as
 either altruism within species, or altruism between species. This
 ambiguity arises depending on whether or not we treat genes in the other
 species as predictors of an individual's fitness, which is equivalent
 to treating these individuals as agents (actors or recipients). Our formal
 analysis, which focuses upon evolutionary dynamics rather than agents and
 their agendas, cannot resolve which is the better approach. Nonetheless,
 because a within-species altruism interpretation is always possible, our
 analysis supports Darwin's suggestion that natural selection does not
 favour traits that provide benefits exclusively to individuals of other
 species.
description: Simulation code: The
 effect of natural selection on helping in large
 populationsThis is c++ code which
 was used to produce the simulation data presented in Figure
 2.main.cppSimulation code: Conditions for the expected local frequency of helpers to increase.This is c++ code which was used to produce simulation data presented in Figure 3.fixations.cpp
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jb48dg0
title: Data from: Social capital predicts corruption risk in towns

description: Corruption is a social plague: gains accrue to small groups, while its
 costs are borne by everyone. Significant variation in its level between
 and within countries suggests a relationship between social structure and
 the prevalence of corruption, yet, large-scale empirical studies thereof
 have been missing due to lack of data. In this paper, we relate the
 structural characteristics of social capital of settlements with
 corruption in their local governments. Using datasets from Hungary, we
 quantify corruption risk by suppressed competition and lack of
 transparency in the settlement’s awarded public contracts. We characterize
 social capital using social network data from a popular online platform.
 Controlling for social, economic and political factors, we find that
 settlements with fragmented social networks, indicating an excess of
 bonding social capital has higher corruption risk, and settlements with
 more diverse external connectivity, suggesting a surplus of bridging
 social capital is less exposed to corruption. We interpret fragmentation
 as fostering in-group favouritism and conformity, which increase
 corruption, while diversity facilitates impartiality in public life and
 stifles corruption.
description: social_capital_corruption_replicationThe zip file contains a CSV of data on the corruption risk scores and social network structure of Hungarian settlements. We also include control variables, described in the readme.txt file. We include code in the R programming language to recreate the models and tables in our paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jj34m
title: Data from: Human behaviours associated with dominance in elite bouts: a comparison of amateur boxing winners and losers under the Ten Point Must System

description: Humans commonly ascertain physical dominance through non-lethal fighting
 by participating in combat sports. However, the behaviours that achieve
 fight dominance are not fully understood. Amateur boxing competition,
 which is judged using the subjective "Ten Point Must-System",
 provides insight into fight dominance behaviours. Notational analysis was
 performed on 26 elite male competitors in a national boxing championship.
 Behavioural (guard-drop time; movement style [stepping/bouncing time];
 clinch-time; interaction-time) and technical (total punches; punches
 landed [Hit]; air punches [%Air]; defence) measures were recorded.
 Participants reported effort required (0-100%) and perceived effect of
 fatigue on their own performance (5-point Likert scale) following bouts.
 Differences between winners and losers, and changes across the duration of
 the bout were examined. Winners punched more accurately than losers
 (greater %Hit [33% vs. 23%] and lower %Air [17% vs. 27%]) but total
 punches, defence and interaction-time were similar. From rounds 1-2,
 clinch-time and guard drops increased whilst bouncing decreased. Perceived
 effect of fatigue increased throughout the bout while perceived effort
 increased only from rounds 2-3. %Hit and movement index together in
 regression analysis correctly classified 85% of bout outcomes, indicating
 that judges (subjectively) chose winning (dominant) boxers according to
 punch accuracy and style, rather than assertiveness (more punches thrown).
 Boxers appear to use tactical strategies throughout the bout to pace their
 effort and minimise fatigue (increased guard drops, reduced bouncing), but
 these did not influence perceived dominance or bout outcome. These results
 show that judges use several performance indicators not including the
 total number of successful punches thrown to assess fight dominance and
 superiority between fighters. These results provide valuable information
 as to how experienced fight observers subjectively rate superiority and
 dominance during one-on-one human fighting.
description: Dunn 2017 PLoS ONE Data
 for Submission to DryadTechnical and
 behavioural variables describing elite amateur boxers
DOI: 10.15468/dl.anfquz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 303 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Andersonia sprengelioides",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 303 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001192-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21202183
title: MERS-CoV nsp1 regulates autophagic flux via mTOR signalling and dysfunctional lysosomes

description: Autophagy, a cellular surveillance mechanism, plays an important role in combating invading pathogens. However, viruses have evolved various strategies to disrupt autophagy and even hijack it for replication and release. Here, we demonstrated that Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) non-structural protein 1(nsp1) induces autophagy but inhibits autophagic activity. MERS-CoV nsp1 expression increased ROS and reduced ATP levels in cells, which activated AMPK and inhibited the mTOR signalling pathway, resulting in autophagy induction. Meanwhile, as an endonuclease, MERS-CoV nsp1 downregulated the mRNA of lysosome-related genes that were enriched in nsp1-located granules, which diminished lysosomal biogenesis and acidification, and inhibited autophagic flux. Importantly, MERS-CoV nsp1-induced autophagy can lead to cell death <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. These findings clarify the mechanism by which MERS-CoV nsp1-mediated autophagy regulation, providing new insights for the prevention and treatment of the coronavirus.