cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944415
title: Soil Load-Bearing Capacity in Orange Grove Conservation Systems

description: Conservation tillage systems in orange groves can increase soil load-bearing capacity minimizing their risks of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate load-bearing capacity through preconsolidation pressure and its dependence on water content, bulk density, and organic carbon of a Typic Paleudult soil 18 years after setting up permanent plant cover between the rows of an orange grove. A randomized block experimental design was used, with three replications. Three groundcover treatments subjected to mowing between the rows of the grove, as of establishment of the orange grove in 1993, were studied: Paspalum notatum grass, the Arachis pintoi legume, and spontaneous vegetation. One hundred and eight undisturbed soil samples were collected in 2011 at the 0.00-0.10 m (87 g kg-1 clay) and 0.10-0.20 m (122 g kg-1 clay) depths under and between the wheel tracks of the machines between the rows of the orange grove consisting of sandy clay texture soil. Preconsolidation pressure was not dependent on soil water content, bulk density, or organic carbon content. Preconsolidation pressure from soil compression curves (25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 800; and 1,600 kPa) at water content under three potentials (-80; -330; and 1,000 hPa), soil bulk density, and soil organic carbon were determined. The preconsolidation pressure under the wheel tracks between the orange rows in the 0.00-0.10 m layer was lower in the legume and spontaneous vegetation treatments. Ongoing maintenance of the grass managed through mowing between the rows of the orange grove led to greater soil load-bearing capacity under the wheel tracks in the sandy surface layer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944417.v1
title: Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Soils Degraded by tin Mining and in a Rehabilitation Phase in the Amazon Basin

description: Tin mining in the Serra da Onça in the Jamari National Forest, State of Rondônia, Brazil, caused severe chemical, physical, and biological changes in the soil. In 1997, the area was divided into plots and a rehabilitation program was begun, which consisted of land surface modeling, construction of terraces, liming, fertilization, and planting of leguminous crops and native plants. In subsequent years, new plots were set up in the rehabilitation program so that at the time of sampling the different areas could be classified at levels from 1 to 7 according to the visual stage of rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and biochemical properties of the soils of different areas around the Serra da Onça mine. Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm depth in each of the different plots and in native forest and coppice areas around the Serra da Onça mine. Basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), enzyme activity (cellulase, arylsulphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and potential for hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate [FDA]), total tin concentration, and soil fertility were evaluated in soil samples. Of the 12 areas evaluated through multivariate analysis in regard to soil basal respiration, MBC, qCO2, and enzyme activity (arylsulphatase, dehydrogenase, and FDA hydrolysis), seven of them are in an advanced stage of rehabilitation in comparison with areas of undisturbed forest and secondary forest.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944417
title: Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Soils Degraded by tin Mining and in a Rehabilitation Phase in the Amazon Basin

description: Tin mining in the Serra da Onça in the Jamari National Forest, State of Rondônia, Brazil, caused severe chemical, physical, and biological changes in the soil. In 1997, the area was divided into plots and a rehabilitation program was begun, which consisted of land surface modeling, construction of terraces, liming, fertilization, and planting of leguminous crops and native plants. In subsequent years, new plots were set up in the rehabilitation program so that at the time of sampling the different areas could be classified at levels from 1 to 7 according to the visual stage of rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and biochemical properties of the soils of different areas around the Serra da Onça mine. Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm depth in each of the different plots and in native forest and coppice areas around the Serra da Onça mine. Basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), enzyme activity (cellulase, arylsulphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and potential for hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate [FDA]), total tin concentration, and soil fertility were evaluated in soil samples. Of the 12 areas evaluated through multivariate analysis in regard to soil basal respiration, MBC, qCO2, and enzyme activity (arylsulphatase, dehydrogenase, and FDA hydrolysis), seven of them are in an advanced stage of rehabilitation in comparison with areas of undisturbed forest and secondary forest.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944374.v1
title: Rech et al._Urbanization_grasshopper.xlsx

description: Data generated during the study on effects of urbanization on activity, boldness and fluctuating asymmetry of an common grasshopper in Germany
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944418.v1
title: MAIZE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AS AFFECTED BY SEED TREATMENT WITH AZOSPIRILLUM SP. AND MINERAL NITROGEN RATES

description: The use of diazotrophic bacteria can help to achieve higher yields and reduce negative environmental impacts caused by N fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed treatment with Azospirillum bacteria and the application of different rates of mineral N on maize agronomic performance at two levels of yield management. A field experiment was set up in Lages, SC, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons. A randomized block experimental design arranged in split-split plots was used. Two yield management levels were tested in the main plots: medium (grain yield expectation of 8,000 kg ha-1) and high (grain yield expectation of 18,000 kg ha-1). Four N rates were assessed in the split plots, rates equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times the rate recommended by the Southern Brazil Commission of Soil Chemistry and Fertility to achieve the yield expectation at each level of yield management. The effect of seed treatment with Azospirillum sp. was evaluated in the split-split plots. Grain yield ranged from 8,344 to 16,947 kg ha-1 at the high management level and increased quadratically with the increase in N rate, both with and without Azospirillum seed treatment. At the medium management level, grain yield ranged from 5,986 to 9,684 kg ha-1. It increased linearly with the increase in N rate when seeds were treated with Azospirillum and was not affected by mineral N in treatments without seed inoculation. The efficiency of N use decreased when Nn rates increased at both yield management levels and whether the seeds were inoculated or not. There was no significant difference in grain yield between inoculated and non-inoculated treatments, regardless of the yield management level or N rate. Therefore, seed treatment with Azospirillum sp. did not improve the agronomic performance of maize.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944418
title: MAIZE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AS AFFECTED BY SEED TREATMENT WITH AZOSPIRILLUM SP. AND MINERAL NITROGEN RATES

description: The use of diazotrophic bacteria can help to achieve higher yields and reduce negative environmental impacts caused by N fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed treatment with Azospirillum bacteria and the application of different rates of mineral N on maize agronomic performance at two levels of yield management. A field experiment was set up in Lages, SC, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons. A randomized block experimental design arranged in split-split plots was used. Two yield management levels were tested in the main plots: medium (grain yield expectation of 8,000 kg ha-1) and high (grain yield expectation of 18,000 kg ha-1). Four N rates were assessed in the split plots, rates equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times the rate recommended by the Southern Brazil Commission of Soil Chemistry and Fertility to achieve the yield expectation at each level of yield management. The effect of seed treatment with Azospirillum sp. was evaluated in the split-split plots. Grain yield ranged from 8,344 to 16,947 kg ha-1 at the high management level and increased quadratically with the increase in N rate, both with and without Azospirillum seed treatment. At the medium management level, grain yield ranged from 5,986 to 9,684 kg ha-1. It increased linearly with the increase in N rate when seeds were treated with Azospirillum and was not affected by mineral N in treatments without seed inoculation. The efficiency of N use decreased when Nn rates increased at both yield management levels and whether the seeds were inoculated or not. There was no significant difference in grain yield between inoculated and non-inoculated treatments, regardless of the yield management level or N rate. Therefore, seed treatment with Azospirillum sp. did not improve the agronomic performance of maize.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944420
title: Nitrogen Supply For Summer Crops Through Early Application In Ryegrass Grazed By Sheep

description: ABSTRACT Greater nitrogen (N) cycling is sought through Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early fertilization of nitrogen applied to ryegrass grazed by sheep on the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) of summer crops in ICLS. This study was carried out in a long-term protocol managed in the winter under two stocking methods, continuous and rotational, and two grazing intensities, moderate and low, with four replications. In summer, the area was divided into two cropping systems - soybean monoculture and a soybean/maize rotation. Fertilization was carried out in the pasture phase with 75 kg N and 60 kg P2O5 and K2O ha-1. Residual forage mass (RFM) of pasture, and phytomass yield, N content, and NNI of the summer crops were evaluated. An effect of grazing intensities was found on the maize NNI, but not on soybean. There was no effect from grazing methods. The RFM is an important source of N for the subsequent summer crop. Lower grazing intensities generate higher RFM and NNI for maize. Early fertilization did not affect soybean, because it meets part of its N demand by biological nitrogen fixation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944420.v1
title: Nitrogen Supply For Summer Crops Through Early Application In Ryegrass Grazed By Sheep

description: ABSTRACT Greater nitrogen (N) cycling is sought through Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early fertilization of nitrogen applied to ryegrass grazed by sheep on the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) of summer crops in ICLS. This study was carried out in a long-term protocol managed in the winter under two stocking methods, continuous and rotational, and two grazing intensities, moderate and low, with four replications. In summer, the area was divided into two cropping systems - soybean monoculture and a soybean/maize rotation. Fertilization was carried out in the pasture phase with 75 kg N and 60 kg P2O5 and K2O ha-1. Residual forage mass (RFM) of pasture, and phytomass yield, N content, and NNI of the summer crops were evaluated. An effect of grazing intensities was found on the maize NNI, but not on soybean. There was no effect from grazing methods. The RFM is an important source of N for the subsequent summer crop. Lower grazing intensities generate higher RFM and NNI for maize. Early fertilization did not affect soybean, because it meets part of its N demand by biological nitrogen fixation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944362
title: Anatomy of the left ventricle in children (7yo) of obese mothers (WOMB study)

description: Anatomy of the left ventricle LV of 49 children, 24 girls (49%) girls, with a mean age of 7.1 (0.8) years, born to women who participated in a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity (WOMB study). <br> <strong>Methods</strong>: The LV end diastolic anatomy was reconstructed from the contours of the SAX SSFP MRI images using high order interpolation meshes as described in our previous work. The 49 meshes were then spatially aligned by their centre of mass, and by an orientation defined by their basal plane and the left to right direction set by the centre of mass of the LV and right ventricle. A statistical shape model was then built with a principal component analysis (PCA), finding the modes of anatomical variation of this cohort. <br> <strong>Cohort</strong>: Women, their Offspring and iMproving lifestyle for Better cardiovascular health of both (WOMB project) <br> Data shared containts: <strong>1. AtlasMeshData.zip</strong>, where each case has 1.1 binary.vtk: The mask of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and right ventricular blood pool from the short axis magnetic resonance image in end diastole 1.2 binary_mesh files (.exelem and .exnode): the cubic Hermite mesh that was personalised to the anatomy of the left ventricle 1.3 Image_binary_mesh.jpg: image of the overlay between the fitted mesh and the mask of the LV myocardium 1.4 Image_Initialization.jpg: image of the overlay between the template LV mesh used for personalization and the mask of the LV myocardium<br> 1.5 ImageDistances2ClosestPointbinary_meshxxxxxxxxxx.jpg: image of the distances between the LV mesh and the mask of the LV myocardium (xxxxxxxxxx is a digit encodign for the time when the image was generated)<br> 1.6 PersonalizationReportbinary.txt: file with metrics of mesh fitting accuracy and quality<br> <br> <strong>2. VTKMeshes.zip</strong>: the collection of all the LV shapes in VTK format, after correction of centre of mass and circumferential orientation. <br> <strong>3. AtlasModesPVSn43_rvspace_s4_c3.pdf</strong>: illustration of all the 10 first modes of anatomical variation, together with the box-plot of the differences between hypertensive pregnancy (blue) and normotensive pregnancy (green).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944362.v1
title: Anatomy of the left ventricle in children (7yo) of obese mothers (WOMB study)

description: Anatomy of the left ventricle LV of 49 children, 24 girls (49%) girls, with a mean age of 7.1 (0.8) years, born to women who participated in a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity (WOMB study). <br> <strong>Methods</strong>: The LV end diastolic anatomy was reconstructed from the contours of the SAX SSFP MRI images using high order interpolation meshes as described in our previous work. The 49 meshes were then spatially aligned by their centre of mass, and by an orientation defined by their basal plane and the left to right direction set by the centre of mass of the LV and right ventricle. A statistical shape model was then built with a principal component analysis (PCA), finding the modes of anatomical variation of this cohort. <br> <strong>Cohort</strong>: Women, their Offspring and iMproving lifestyle for Better cardiovascular health of both (WOMB project) <br> Data shared containts: <strong>1. AtlasMeshData.zip</strong>, where each case has 1.1 binary.vtk: The mask of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and right ventricular blood pool from the short axis magnetic resonance image in end diastole 1.2 binary_mesh files (.exelem and .exnode): the cubic Hermite mesh that was personalised to the anatomy of the left ventricle 1.3 Image_binary_mesh.jpg: image of the overlay between the fitted mesh and the mask of the LV myocardium 1.4 Image_Initialization.jpg: image of the overlay between the template LV mesh used for personalization and the mask of the LV myocardium<br> 1.5 ImageDistances2ClosestPointbinary_meshxxxxxxxxxx.jpg: image of the distances between the LV mesh and the mask of the LV myocardium (xxxxxxxxxx is a digit encodign for the time when the image was generated)<br> 1.6 PersonalizationReportbinary.txt: file with metrics of mesh fitting accuracy and quality<br> <br> <strong>2. VTKMeshes.zip</strong>: the collection of all the LV shapes in VTK format, after correction of centre of mass and circumferential orientation. <br> <strong>3. AtlasModesPVSn43_rvspace_s4_c3.pdf</strong>: illustration of all the 10 first modes of anatomical variation, together with the box-plot of the differences between hypertensive pregnancy (blue) and normotensive pregnancy (green).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944423
title: ASSESSMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS AFTER VERMICOMPOSTING IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE

description: ABSTRACT Heavy metals contained in electronic waste, if discarded improperly, can become bioavailable after vermicomposting, posing a risk to the environment. Small-scale vermicomposting experiments were carried out with printed circuit boards (PCBs) to investigate the migration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Sn) to the final compost, as well as the mobility and bioavailability of these metals. High total levels of Pb, Sn and Cu in samples of manure with electronic waste (MEW) and vegetables with electronic waste (VEW) were detected. Based on the initial metal levels in the PCBs and their concentration in the resulting compost, the order of migration of these metals to the MEW and VEW samples was Sn (23.1 %)&gt;Pb (18.4 %)&gt;Ni (4.63 %)&gt;Zn (0.46 %)&gt;Cu (0.14 %) and Sn (24.3 %)&gt;Pb (23.6 %)&gt;Ni (11.33 %)&gt;Zn (1.76 %)&gt;Cu (0.60 %), respectively. Mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the compost were evaluated by three-stage sequential extraction, where F1 was the exchangeable fraction, F2 the organic fraction and F3 the residual fraction. The bioavailability factor (BF) was calculated by the ratio of the sum of fractions F1 and F2 divided by the total sum of the fractions (F1 + F2 + F3). The highest bioavailability factor (BF = 0.92) was found for Pb, the heavy metal considered the greatest environmental concern in this study, indicating the high mobility and the possibility of becoming bioavailable of this metal.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944423.v1
title: ASSESSMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS AFTER VERMICOMPOSTING IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE

description: ABSTRACT Heavy metals contained in electronic waste, if discarded improperly, can become bioavailable after vermicomposting, posing a risk to the environment. Small-scale vermicomposting experiments were carried out with printed circuit boards (PCBs) to investigate the migration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Sn) to the final compost, as well as the mobility and bioavailability of these metals. High total levels of Pb, Sn and Cu in samples of manure with electronic waste (MEW) and vegetables with electronic waste (VEW) were detected. Based on the initial metal levels in the PCBs and their concentration in the resulting compost, the order of migration of these metals to the MEW and VEW samples was Sn (23.1 %)&gt;Pb (18.4 %)&gt;Ni (4.63 %)&gt;Zn (0.46 %)&gt;Cu (0.14 %) and Sn (24.3 %)&gt;Pb (23.6 %)&gt;Ni (11.33 %)&gt;Zn (1.76 %)&gt;Cu (0.60 %), respectively. Mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the compost were evaluated by three-stage sequential extraction, where F1 was the exchangeable fraction, F2 the organic fraction and F3 the residual fraction. The bioavailability factor (BF) was calculated by the ratio of the sum of fractions F1 and F2 divided by the total sum of the fractions (F1 + F2 + F3). The highest bioavailability factor (BF = 0.92) was found for Pb, the heavy metal considered the greatest environmental concern in this study, indicating the high mobility and the possibility of becoming bioavailable of this metal.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944424
title: Sheep Excreta as Source of Nitrous Oxide in Ryegrass Pasture in Southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Livestock urine and dung are important components of the N cycle in pastures, but little information on its effect on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is available. We conducted a short-term (39-day) trial to quantify the direct N2O-N emissions from sheep excreta on an experimental area of ryegrass pasture growing on a Typic Paleudult in southern Brazil. Four rates of urine-N (161, 242, 323, and 403 kg ha-1 N) and one of dung-N (13 kg ha-1 N) were applied, as well as a control plot receiving no excreta. The N2O-N emission factor (EF = % of added N released as N2O-N) for urine and dung was calculated, taking into account the N2O fluxes in the field, over a period of 39 days. The EF value of the urine and dung was used to estimate the emissions of N2O-N over a 90-day period of pasture in the winter under two grazing intensities (2.5 or 5.0 times the herbage intake potential of grazing lambs). The soil N2O-N fluxes ranged from 4 to 353 µg m-2h-1. The highest N2O-N fluxes occurred 16 days after application of urine and dung, when the highest soil nitrate content was also recorded and the water-filled pore space exceeded 60 %. The mean EF for urine was 0.25 % of applied N, much higher than that for dung (0.06 %). We found that N2O-N emissions for the 90-day winter pasture period were 0.54 kg ha-1 for low grazing intensity and 0.62 kg ha-1 for moderate grazing intensity. Comparison of the two forms of excreta show that urine was the main contributor to N2O-N emissions (mean of 36 %), whereas dung was responsible for less than 0.1 % of total soil N2O-N emissions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19944424.v1
title: Sheep Excreta as Source of Nitrous Oxide in Ryegrass Pasture in Southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Livestock urine and dung are important components of the N cycle in pastures, but little information on its effect on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is available. We conducted a short-term (39-day) trial to quantify the direct N2O-N emissions from sheep excreta on an experimental area of ryegrass pasture growing on a Typic Paleudult in southern Brazil. Four rates of urine-N (161, 242, 323, and 403 kg ha-1 N) and one of dung-N (13 kg ha-1 N) were applied, as well as a control plot receiving no excreta. The N2O-N emission factor (EF = % of added N released as N2O-N) for urine and dung was calculated, taking into account the N2O fluxes in the field, over a period of 39 days. The EF value of the urine and dung was used to estimate the emissions of N2O-N over a 90-day period of pasture in the winter under two grazing intensities (2.5 or 5.0 times the herbage intake potential of grazing lambs). The soil N2O-N fluxes ranged from 4 to 353 µg m-2h-1. The highest N2O-N fluxes occurred 16 days after application of urine and dung, when the highest soil nitrate content was also recorded and the water-filled pore space exceeded 60 %. The mean EF for urine was 0.25 % of applied N, much higher than that for dung (0.06 %). We found that N2O-N emissions for the 90-day winter pasture period were 0.54 kg ha-1 for low grazing intensity and 0.62 kg ha-1 for moderate grazing intensity. Comparison of the two forms of excreta show that urine was the main contributor to N2O-N emissions (mean of 36 %), whereas dung was responsible for less than 0.1 % of total soil N2O-N emissions.