cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/15d26e24-345a-4280-b993-2495950f71cd
title: Plant biodiversity and associated environmental data along an invasion gradient of Urochloa decumbens following prescribed burnings in a tropical savanna, Cerrado region, Brazil, 2019-2021 v2

description: The data comprise measurements of the impact of two prescribed annual burnings on the ecological properties of an invasion gradient by Urochloa decumbens in a tropical savanna (Cerrado). The ecological properties measured before (2019) and after the experiment (2021) were the abundance of invasive species, illuminance, air temperature, air humidity, specific leaf area, species richness, species diversity, vegetation cover, biomass, decomposition rate and carbon efflux.

The two experimental areas were located within two reserves in Southeast and Central Brazil: Estação Ecológica de Itirapina in the municipalities of Brotas and Itirapina in São Paulo State, and Parque Nacional de Brasília in the Distrito Federal.

Data were collected during multiple field excursions between March 2019 and September 2021.
description: Data were collected in the field and digitized. Material sampled in the field that required any type of further manipulation or processing was brought to the Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). If further processing was required (dependant on material type), this was recorded and can be found in the data (.Rdata file).
DOI: 10.5285/b4a90182-8b9c-4da8-8b95-bcd5acc727d1
title: Survey data on antibiotic use in humans and animals, poultry keeping practices, waste disposal and hygiene in Bangladesh (2017)

description: A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted in 2017 in rural households, poultry farms and urban food markets. Survey data for each setting comprise three datafiles.  The rural households and poultry farms (broiler chickens) were located in Mirzapur, Tangail district; urban food markets were located in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. In each setting, the survey included participants that had high exposure to poultry, and a comparison group that had lower exposure to poultry. 

The aim of the survey was to assess potential sources of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly commensal bacteria that colonise the gastrointestinal tract of humans and poultry. The survey also assessed the use of antibiotics for human participants and practices relating to their poultry such as type of feed, housing, use of antibiotics for poultry and hygiene practices before and after being in contact with poultry.  

The survey was part of a wider research project, Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance Transmission from the Outdoor Environment to Humans in Urban and Rural Bangladesh. The research was funded by NERC/BBSRC/MRC on behalf of the Antimicrobial Resistance Cross-Council Initiative, award NE/N019555/1.
description: Surveys were completed on paper and responses were entered into Excel then converted to .csv files and ingested into the Environmental Information Data Centre
DOI: 10.5285/f1b3179e-b446-473d-a5fb-4166668da146
title: Land Classification of Shetland 1974

description: The Land Classification of Shetland is a classification of the Shetland Isles into a set of 16 environmental strata, termed land classes, to be used as a basis for ecological survey, originally developed by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) in 1974. The strata were created from the multivariate analysis of 150 environmental variables, including topographic data, geographical features and geology data. The Land Classification can be used to stratify a wide range of ecological and biogeographical surveys to improve the efficiency of collection, analysis and presentation of information derived from a sample.
description: The Shetland Land Classification was created in 1974 at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, using methodologies described in the supporting information. The map was later digitised by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/6c535793-034d-4c4f-8a00-497315e7d689
title: Estimated species richness data used in study of UK Ecological status

description: Estimated species richness data for valuation of biodiversity across the UK, based on species occurrence records for 11 taxonomic groups (Bees, Birds, Bryophytes, Butterflies, Carabidae, Hoverflies, Isopoda, Ladybirds, Moths, Orthoptera and Vascular plants). UK species occurrence data were collated from the Biological Records Centre (BRC) and the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO). Estimated species richness was calculated across all taxonomic groups for two time periods: 1970-1990 and 2000-2013. The dataset was used to create the "UK ecological status map version 2".
description: UK species occurrence data were collated from the Biological Records Centre (BRC). Data were gathered for 11 taxonomic groups (Columns 2 to 12; Bees, Birds, Bryophytes, Butterflies, Carabidae, Hoverflies, Isopoda, Ladybirds, Moths, Grasshopper and Crickets, and Vascular plants) at the 10km2 scale (hectad; column 1) over two separate time periods: 1970 to 1990 and 2000 to 2013 (i.e. there are two separate datasets, one for each time period). Bird species occurrence data for the breeding birds of the UK were acquired from the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO). We used data corresponding to the two time periods defined above, taken from the bird atlases of 1976 and 2001-2011 respectively. Separate analyses were undertaken for both time periods within each taxonomic group. For each hectad we compiled a species list and calculated species richness. We then calculated the estimated species richness by applying a recently developed method (Frescalo) to account for the variation in recorder effort within different hectads. The Frescalo program estimates species richness at a given location according to the set of species occurring in a neighbourhood of the 100 most similar hectads from the 200 nearest hectads. The proportion of a suite of common benchmark species from this neighbourhood list that have been recorded in the focal hectad is used to assess the recording intensity of this focal hectad, and this is used to scale the 'raw' observed species richness towards the neighbourhood maximum accordingly. We ran Frescalo using the Sparta package in the program R. Neighbourhoods were defined according to biological similarity using either vascular plant data or land cover type: all datasets were analysed using the vascular plant weights files embedded within the Frescalo program, with the exception of the vascular plants dataset which for which biological similarity between hectads was defined using land cover type in order to avoid circularity. For this we used the 2007 ITE Land Cover Map.
DOI: 10.5285/ce0a6690-9277-4880-a20a-b30477bf8646
title: Ground beetle (Carabidae) associations with UK Land Cover Map habitats

description: The data are the habitat association (phi coefficient of association) of ground beetles (Carabidae) in Great Britain. The analysis used all 100 m carabid records from the NBN Atlas website for the analysis. The habitats are those from the CEH Land Cover Map 2015 (LCM2015) and for each beetle species each habitat has a score between 1 and -1 representing association through to disassociation and a p-value giving significance of the association score. 

The recommended output shows habitat weighted analysis using an absence threshold of fourteen other species. Five other versions are also provided, with thresholds of seven and 28 and the unweighted versions of the analysis, to allow the user to ascertain for themselves confidence in the association of a habitat to a species.
description: Biological records of carabid beetles were sourced from the NBN atlas. habitats are those from Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) Land Cover Map 2015 (LCM2015). Correlation indices were calculated for the carabids and habitats. A weighted version of the indices was calculated to allow the incorporation of carabid data from 100m squares that contain more than one habitat type.

The NBN does not include absence data. To allow us to have confidence that a species was genuinely not at a particular location, we counted the number of other species found in each location as a measure of survey effort, using a threshold value for the number of species taken into account before deciding on whether the target species could be considered absent. The NBN data contained a separate record for each species at each relevant 100 m location meaning that individual locations appeared multiple times. We created a version of the data with each location represented once, giving presence or absence (absences determined as described above) for each species at that location. 

The datasets published include our recommended output, which shows habitat weighted analysis using an absence threshold of 14 other species. Versions with a threshold of seven and 28, and the unweighted versions of the analysis, are also included to allow the user to ascertain for themselves confidence in the association of a habitat to a species.
DOI: 10.5285/fdae44ed-8b22-4935-b889-b4b271138385
title: Fire emissions data before and after peatland restoration, Indonesia, 2004-2015

description: This dataset contains fire emissions from Equatorial Asia for the years 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2015. The data is based on the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research with the addition of emissions from Indonesian peat fires, which contribute substantially to fire emissions in the region. The files for each year contain daily information on the area burned and emissions of several species, including CO, CO2 and PM2.5. Data is given for individual fires at 1km resolution.

Fire emissions are provided for each year both for fires as measured, and under a scenario where degraded peatland in the region has been partially restored, reducing fire emissions. 
description: The fire emissions are based on the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research with emissions from peat fires included. Peat fire emissions data were created by combining burned area, burn depth and emissions factors, taken from publicly available remote sensing data and published field measurements specific for Indonesian peat fires. 

The peatland restoration scenario has been applied by reducing fire in peatlands to match the reduction seen in National Parks. 

Please see the supporting document for further detail on the fire emissions data with and without peatland restoration.
DOI: 10.5285/54fe47f3-778e-4e0b-8cf5-b2fda2473b7f
title: Plynlimon research catchment hydrochemistry (2016-2019)

description: This dataset includes stream and rainfall hydrochemistry of the Plynlimon research catchments in Mid Wales. The data cover the period from March 2016 to March 2019. Sampling was carried out fortnightly from March 2016 to July 2017. From August 2017 to November 2018 stream samples were collected every four weeks and the rain sample every two weeks. From December 2018 onwards all samples were collected every four weeks. Data are presented for major anions and cations, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, in-situ measurements of water temperature and stream flow for the six stream locations, and air temperature and volume for the rainfall sites.

Stream samples were taken using a grab technique and filtered in the field. Rain samples were collected using bulk precipitation collectors. Fieldwork was carried out by CEH members of staff trained in the fieldwork techniques required. Chemical analysis was carried out by qualified CEH chemists at laboratories at CEH Lancaster and CEH Bangor.

The Plynlimon research catchments lie within the headwaters of the River Severn and the River Wye in the uplands of mid-Wales. Intensive and long-term monitoring within the catchments underpins a wealth of hydrological and hydro-chemical research. Monitoring is funded by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, and is ongoing since 1968.
description: Sampling was carried out fortnightly from March 2016 to July 2017. From August 2017 to November 2018 stream samples were collected every four weeks and the rain sample every two weeks. From December 2018 onwards samples were collected every four weeks. Stream samples were taken using a grab technique. Rain samples were collected using bulk precipitation collectors. Stream flow is calculated from dip measurements taken at the time of sampling. Standard rainfall collectors are used to measure rainfall volume.

Upon return to the CEH Bangor laboratories the cation samples were acidified with concentrated Nitric Acid (to 1 percent) to preserve the samples. Samples for anion and cation sample were then stored at 4 degrees Celsius until they could be transported to the Centralised Analytical Chemistry Group in CEH Lancaster for analysis. Results were reported back to CEH Bangor as Excel spreadsheets. These data were then imported into an Access database.

pH, conductivity and alkalinity analysis was carried out the CEH Bangor laboratories. Results were reported back as Excel spreadsheets. Field measurements and flow calculations were also added to these Excel spreadsheets. These data were then imported into the same Access database as the CEH Lancaster results.

For ingestion into the Environmental Information data was extracted from the Access database and converted into a comma separated value file.
DOI: 10.5285/b8c9fd3d-f9ea-4fd8-9557-9022884f711d
title: Net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and meteorological observations collected at peatlands across Wales, Scotland and England, 2008-2020

description: This dataset contains time series observations of land surface-atmosphere net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and supporting micrometeorological observations collected at 13 peatland eddy covariance (EC) flux observation sites located across Wales, Scotland and England. Sites were active at different timescales between 2008 and 2020. The dataset represents a subset of the variables measured at each site. 

The full range of variables monitored at each location can be accessed via EIDC records and/or by contacting the authors.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological observations were made using open- or closed-path eddy covariance systems.
Turbulent flux densities were calculated from the raw EC data using the EddyPRO® Flux Calculation Software.
Quality Control of EC data involved removal of statistical outliers and tests that theoretical requirements for the successful application of the EC technique were not violated significantly.
Further details are available in the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/517717f7-d044-42cf-a332-a257e0e80b5c
title: Estimates of manure volumes by livestock type and land use for England and Wales

description: Estimates of annual volumes of manure produced by six broad farm livestock types for England and Wales at 10 km resolution, modelled with MANURES-GIS [1]. 

The farm livestock classes are: dairy cattle; beef cattle; pigs; sheep and other livestock; laying hens; broilers and other poultry. The quantities produced by each type are subsequently apportioned into managed and field-deposited manure. The managed manure sources are categorised as beef farmyard manure, beef slurry, dairy farmyard manure, dairy slurry, broiler litter, layer manure, pig farmyard manure, pig slurry and sheep farmyard manure. The destinations are recorded as grass, winter arable, spring arable and direct excreta when grazing. For each 10 km square, the quantity of manure going from each source to each destination is estimated. The values specify amount of excreta, in kilograms for solid manure and in litres for liquid manure.

 [1] ADAS (2008) The National Inventory and Map of Livestock Manure Loadings to Agricultural Land: MANURES-GIS. Final Report for Defra Project WQ0103
description: Results are derived from the MANURES-GIS model (Defra WQ0103) developed by ADAS [1]. 

MANURES-GIS creates a conceptual framework of manure/excreta flow pathways, using Node and Link tree diagrams, similar to the National Ammonia Reduction Strategy Evaluation System (NARSES) model [2]. The framework is divided into six broad livestock classes (dairy cattle; beef cattle; pigs; sheep and other livestock; laying hens; broilers and other poultry). Each livestock class is further divided into stages representing: excretion, housing, grazing, hardstandings, storage, export and land spreading. These stages are then further subdivided, for example, housing may be on a slurry or solid manure based system, slurry storage may be in a lagoon or above-ground tank etc. At each stage, alterations to the composition of the manure may occur through loss processes (e.g. ammonia or methane emissions), gains (e.g. straw added during housing) or transformations (e.g. immobilisation of ammonium-N during farmyard manure storage). 
The livestock and cropping data used to parametrise MANURES-GIS are sourced from the 2010 June Survey from Defra and the Welsh Government. 

[1] ADAS (2008) The National Inventory and Map of Livestock Manure Loadings to Agricultural Land: MANURES-GIS. Final Report for Defra Project WQ0103
[2] Webb, J. and Misselbrook, T. (2004). A mass flow model of ammonia emissions from UK livestock production. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 2163-2176
DOI: 10.5285/10c6df00-c7ef-444b-951f-33a2c0072bec
title: Influence of Jasmonic acid on the response of pasture to ozone

description: The data are biomass and ozone-injury data for white clover (Trifolium repens). Dataset concerns a 2014 study on the effects of Jasmonic acid/cutting in modulating the response of clover to ozone. A short-term (4-week) ozone-exposure experiment was conducted in 2014 to investigate the interactive effects of cutting on ozone-induced responses in white clover (Trifolium repens). A strong interaction was found in root biomass and root nodule biomass in cut white clover plants in a high ozone background (45-67 parts per billion (ppb) treatment mean), suggesting ozone-impacts on root nodule biomass occur through limitation of carbon availability. The work was carried out as part of a NERC funded PhD.
description: A short-term (four-week) ozone-exposure experiment was conducted in 2014 to investigate the interactive effects of cutting on ozone-induced responses in white clover (Trifolium repens). Seedlings were propagated in early Spring 2014. After three weeks, to introduce a soil microbe, pots were inoculated with a soil slurry mixture. Pots were then divided between 3 treatments: uncut pots (controls), with a single cut to four centimetre (cm)m height immediately prior to ozone exposure and uncut, with a weekly application of Methyl-Jasmonate solution during the experiment. The seedlings were grown on for four weeks then exposed to random ozone profiles for four weeks. 
A representative quarter of each pot was selected and recordings of healthy, injured or senesced leaves made on in weeks 2, 3 and 4. The harvest of above and below-ground biomass was performed after four weeks on each pot. Shoot biomass, and root biomass from a representative quarter of the pot, were dried for a minimum of 48 hours at 60 degrees Celsius. Root nodule biomass was also excised from the root system, and was air dried, sized and weighed. Root biomass, nodule mass and nodule numbers per pot were calculated. Leaf area index (LAI) of undamaged leaves was determined from dried forage. Mean injury and senescence data across the recordings was determined for each pot, and was arcsine transformed prior to analysis. Injury and senescence data, and selected biomass data, were then analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), with ozone background and treatment applied as factors. 

Post-hoc Tukey's honest significant difference tests were used to determine the significance of factors where appropriate. Relationships between total root nodule biomass and biomass, and raw injury parameters for each treatment were also investigated via Pearson's correlation analysis. All analyses were conducted in R Software (version 3.1.2).  

Data was first recorded in the field in field notebooks, and was then transferred to electronic copies (MS Excel worksheets). Data was then exported as .csv files for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre.
DOI: 10.5285/887a5e91-93be-4f5d-8674-b2d22a1ae8ae
title: Root and leaf phenology of Scandinavian subarctic plant communities, 2008-2009

description: This dataset consists of measurements of leaf and root growth, species abundance and soil temperature made in ten subarctic plant communities located at the Arctic Biosphere Atmosphere Coupling at Multiple Scales (ABACUS) project sites near to Abisko, Sweden, and Kevo, Finland. The data were collected during the summer growing seasons (May to September) in 2008 and 2009, and comprise field survey measurements, temperature logs and values derived from analyses of mini-rhizotron images. 
description: At each field site, eight replicate 1 x 1 m plots were established in five subarctic vegetation communities representative of the wider landscape, including birch forest, forest margin, tall and dwarf shrub tundra communities and sedge lawns. Each plot had a mini-rhizotron (0.3x0.7 m length of 70 mm diameter clear acrylic tubing) installed at 45o and shoots of the dominant plant species tagged with numbered cable ties. In 2008 in Kevo and 2009 in Abisko, length of all tagged shoots was recorded approximately weekly during the growing season, and a weekly 360o scan of all mini-rhizotrons taken with a CID-600 root scanner (CID Bioscience, Camas, Washington, USA). Root length was obtained from the scanned images by manually digitising visible roots using MapInfo Professional v. 8.0 software (Pitney Bowes Business Insight, New York, USA). Percentage cover of all species was estimated once at peak biomass in early August by a single surveyor, using a 0.75 x 0.75 m quadrat placed over each mini-rhizotron. Soil temperature at 5 cm depth was obtained from one TinyTag data logger (Gemini Data Loggers (UK) Ltd, Chichester, UK) per community, recording at 30 minute intervals. Additional soil temperature measurements at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depth were made weekly using a hand-held probe (Testo Ltd, Alton, UK). For further details of all measurements and data processing steps, see supporting documentation.