cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2009.1977
title: Repatriation from Thailand to Myanmar of trafficked children

description: Repatriation process is regarded as the last stage of the protection program for the trafficked persons. It is the stage that has more human interaction and personal contact between the caregivers and the receivers. Trafficked children, in particular, have vulnerability as they still need to depend on others for their well-being. Therefore, there are special provisions and specific legislation both international and national based on human rights principles to protect the children during the repatriation process. It is important to apply the rights-based approach to trafficked children when the care givers help them to redress their human rights and reduce the barriers to apply such approach at the hands of caregivers. As there is still an argument in defining what is repatriation and reintegration, the findings first presented the different interpretations from different caregivers. Then, it describes the repatriation process starting from victim identification, care and supporting programs at Baan Kredtrakarn shelter including vocational training, health care, psycho-social support and legal assistance in Thailand and analyzed the degree of application of rights-based approach in accordance with the national and international guidelines. The continued process in Myanmar is explained briefly together with the family tracing process and the challenges in Myanmar. Throughout the presentation of research findings, the three evaluating factors in rights-based approach which are the accountability, equality and non-discrimination, and participation were used to analyze the current practices in the process of repatriation. It was found out that the rights-based approach has been partially addressed in the current repatriation process. The accountability, equality and non-discrimination, and participation are applied in the aspects of i) cooperating with civil society organizations for effective protection, ii) having multidisciplinary team, iii) providing measures in Thai laws and bilateral MOU for faster repatriation, iv) providing same legal assistance regardless of nationality, v) keeping the best interest of the children in the legal process and maintaining confidentiality in the family tracing process. On the other hand, the three main principles are needed to enhance in the following areas because of i) different interpretations for repatriation and reintegration, ii) the limited channels for the participation from the children, iii) corrupted officials in the legal process and some Thai officials’ negative attitudes towards migrant workers, iv) resource constraints for individual care, v) lack of alternative option for the children who do not pass the nationality confirmation.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2009.1978
title: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of using personal protective equipment (PPE) for chilli-growing farmers in Huarua sub-district, Mueang district, Ubonrachathani province, Thailand

description: A significant pesticide use in Thailand has increased concerns about potentially adverse effects on human health and environment. Particularly, a number of pesticide products have been heavily applied in chilli farms. This study aims (1) to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on using personal protective equipment of chilligrowing farmers to protect themselves from pesticides, (2) to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with pesticide use and exposure in the chilli-growing farmers, and (3) to provide the recommendations and guidelines to reduce the farmers exposure to pesticides in Huarua Sub-District, Mueang District, Ubonrachathani Province, Thailand. A standardized questionnaire was completed by face to face interviewing from 330 chilli-growing farmers. The results showed that 53% of the participants were male and 39.6% and their ages were in the range of 31-40 years. Of 71.2% had educated in primary school. Most of them were applied pesticides by themselves. Almost 89.4% of them recognized that they have to wear mask, boots, and cloth while spraying. Of 83.3% knew that pesticide can pass through their body by 3 routes; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. 45.5% of respondents knew that spraying should be done in the windward direction and they have to use PPE. Many of respondents commonly check equipment before using and wear clothing thoroughly while spraying. Nevertheless, 77.2% of chilli-growing farmers had low knowledge level, 54.5% of the farmers’ attitudes were not concerned about pesticide use and exposure and 85.0% of farmers had fair practices level. The statistically significant association between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice were low positive correlation (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 0.216, 0.285, and 0.305 respectively, p-value &lt; 0.001). The study suggested that the government authorities and community should have the appropriate recommendations, strategies and guidelines to prevent adverse health effects regarding to pesticide exposure of farmers in this area.
DOI: 10.11578/1562042
title: ELM-free and inter-ELM divertor heat flux broadening induced by Edge Harmonics Oscillation in NSTX

description: A new n=1 dominated Edge Harmonic Oscillation (EHO) has been found in NSTX. The new EHO, rotating toroidally in the counter-current direction and the opposite direction of the neutral beam, was observed during certain inter-ELM and ELM-free periods of H-mode operation. This EHO is associated with a significant broadening of the integral heat flux width (?_int) by up to 150%, and a decrease in the divertor peak heat flux by &gt;60%. An EHO induced filament was also observed by the gas puff imaging diagnostic. The toroidal rotating filaments could change the edge magnetic topology resulting in toroidal rotating strike point splitting and heat flux broadening. Experimental result of the counter current rotation of strike points splitting is consistent with the counter-current EHO.
DOI: 10.11578/1562043
title: Effect of progressively increasing lithium conditioning on edge transport and stability in high triangularity NSTX H-modes

description: A sequence of H-mode discharges with increasing levels of pre-discharge lithium evaporation ('dose') was conducted in high triangularity and elongation boundary shape in NSTX. Energy confinement increased, and recycling decreased with increasing lithium dose, similar to a previous lithium dose scan in medium triangularity and elongation plasmas. Data-constrained SOLPS interpretive modeling quantified the edge transport change: the electron particle diffusivity decreased by 10-30x. The electron thermal diffusivity decreased by 4x just inside the top of the pedestal, but increased by up to 5x very near the separatrix. These results provide a baseline expectation for lithium benefits in NSTX-U, which is optimized for a boundary shape similar to the one in this experiment.
DOI: 10.11578/1562044
title: Drift kinetic effects on the plasma response in high beta spherical tokamak experiments

description: High $\beta$ plasma response to the rotating n=1 external magnetic perturbations is numerically studied and compared with National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX). The hybrid magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)-kinetic modeling shows the drift kinetic effects are important to resolve the disagreement of plasma response between the ideal MHD prediction and the NSTX experimental observation when plasma pressure reaches and exceeds the no-wall limit [F. Troyon et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion \textbf{26}, 209 (1984)]. Since the external rotating fields and high plasma rotation are presented in NSTX experiments, the importance of resistive wall effect and plasma rotation on determining the plasma response is also identified, where the resistive wall suppresses the plasma response through the wall eddy current. The inertial energy, due to plasma rotation, destabilizes the plasma. The complexity of plasma response, in this study, indicates that MHD modeling, including comprehensive physics e.g. the drift kinetic effects, resistive wall and plasma rotation, is essential to reliably predict the plasma behavior in high beta spherical tokamak device.
DOI: 10.11578/1562045
title: Application of Townsend avalanche theory to tokamak startup by coaxial helicity injection

description: Townsend avalanche theory is employed to model and interpret plasma initiation in NSTX by Ohmic heating and coaxial helicity injection (CHI). The model is informed by spatially resolved vacuum calculations of electric field and magnetic field line connection length in the poloidal cross-section. The modelis shown to explain observations of Ohmic startup including the duration andlocation of breakdown. Adapting the model to discharges initiated by CHI offers insight into the causes of upper divertor (absorber) arcs in cases where the discharge fails to initiate in the lower divertor gap. Finally, upper and lower limits are established for vessel gas fill based on requirements for breakdown and radiation. It is predicted that CHI experiments on NSTX-U should beable to use as much as four times the amount of prefill gas employed in CHI experiments in NSTX. This should provide greater flexibility for plasma start-up, as the injector flux is projected to be increased in NSTX-U.
DOI: 10.11578/1562047
title: Resonance in Fast-Wave Amplitude in the Periphery of Cylindrical Plasmas and Application to Edge Losses of Wave Heating Power in Tokamaks

description: Heating magnetically confined plasmas using waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies typically requires coupling these waves over a steep density gradient. This process has produced an unexpected and deleterious phenomenon on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX): a prompt loss of wave power along magnetic field lines in front of the antenna to the divertor. Understanding this loss may be key to achieving effective heating and expanding the operational space of NSTX-Upgrade. Here, we propose that a new type of mode, which conducts a significant fraction of the total wave power in the low-density peripheral plasma, is driving these losses. We demonstrate the existence of such modes, which are distinct from surface modes and coaxial modes, in a cylindrical cold-plasma model when a half wavelength structure fits into the region outside the core plasma. The latter condition generalizes the previous hypothesis regarding the occurence of the edge losses and may explain why full-wave simulations predict these losses in some cases but not others. If valid, this condition implies that outer gap control is a potential strategy for mitigating the losses in NSTX-Upgrade in addition to raising the magnetic field or influencing the edge density.
DOI: 10.17632/8xsypzcwk7.1
title: Data for: Numerical investigation on thermal-hydraulic characteristics of NaK in a helical wire wrapped annulus

description: The velocity and temperature fields at different cross sections of a helical wire wrapped annulus.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3416467
title: This record contains raw data related to article: "Effect of Comorbidities in Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Surgery and Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Single-Center, Observational Study"

description: This record contains raw data related to article "Effect of Comorbidities in Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Surgery and Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Single-Center, Observational Study" Comorbidity has a detrimental effect on cancer survival, however, it is difficult to disentangle its direct effect from its influence on treatment choice. In this study we assessed the effect of comorbidity on survival in patients who received standard treatment for resected stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 230 CRC patients, 68 rectal (29.6%) and 162 colon cancer (70.4%) treated with surgical resection and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy from December 2002 to December 2009 at Humanitas Cancer Center were retrospectively reviewed. The key independent variable was the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, measured as a continuous variable. The differences between groups for categorical data were tested using the χ<sup>2</sup> test. Actuarial survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 113 (range, 8.2-145.0) months. Median age was 63 (range, 37-78) years. In univariate analysis CCI score was significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-1.80; P &lt; .001), and overall survival (OS; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41-1.71; P &lt; .001). Factors associated with poorer outcome also included (stage III vs. stage II, P &lt; .029) and age (age &gt;70 vs. ≤70 years, P &lt; .001). After adjusting for these factors, a significant negative prognostic role of CCI score was still observed (adjusted HR for OS, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.43-1.76; P &lt; .001). CONCLUSION: Among CRC patients who underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy, a higher CCI score was associated with poorer outcome and might predict long-term survival.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3416468
title: This record contains raw data related to article: "Effect of Comorbidities in Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Surgery and Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Single-Center, Observational Study"

description: This record contains raw data related to article "Effect of Comorbidities in Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Surgery and Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Single-Center, Observational Study" Comorbidity has a detrimental effect on cancer survival, however, it is difficult to disentangle its direct effect from its influence on treatment choice. In this study we assessed the effect of comorbidity on survival in patients who received standard treatment for resected stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 230 CRC patients, 68 rectal (29.6%) and 162 colon cancer (70.4%) treated with surgical resection and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy from December 2002 to December 2009 at Humanitas Cancer Center were retrospectively reviewed. The key independent variable was the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, measured as a continuous variable. The differences between groups for categorical data were tested using the χ<sup>2</sup> test. Actuarial survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 113 (range, 8.2-145.0) months. Median age was 63 (range, 37-78) years. In univariate analysis CCI score was significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-1.80; P &lt; .001), and overall survival (OS; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41-1.71; P &lt; .001). Factors associated with poorer outcome also included (stage III vs. stage II, P &lt; .029) and age (age &gt;70 vs. ≤70 years, P &lt; .001). After adjusting for these factors, a significant negative prognostic role of CCI score was still observed (adjusted HR for OS, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.43-1.76; P &lt; .001). CONCLUSION: Among CRC patients who underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy, a higher CCI score was associated with poorer outcome and might predict long-term survival.
DOI: 10.11578/1562048
title: Elemental and topographical imaging of microscopic variations in deposition on NSTX-U and DIII-D samples

description: Tokamak plasma facing components have surface roughness that can cause microscopic spatial variations in erosion and deposition and hence influence material migration, erosion lifetime, dust and tritium accumulation, and plasma contamination. However high spatial resolution measurements of deposition on the scale of the surface roughness have been lacking to date. We will present elemental images of graphite samples from NSTX-U and DIII-D DiMES experiments performed with a Scanning Auger Microprobe at sub-micron resolution that show strong microscopic variations in deposition and correlate this with 3D topographical maps of surface irregularities. The NSTX-U samples were boronized and exposed to deuterium plasmas and the DiMES samples had localized Al and W films and were exposed to dedicated helium plasmas. Topographical maps of the samples were performed with a 3D confocal optical microscope and compared to the elemental deposition pattern. The results revealed localized deposition concentrated in areas shadowed from the ion flux, incident in a direction calculated (for the DiMES case) by taking account of the magnetic pre-sheath.
DOI: 10.11578/1562050
title: Compact and multi-view solid state neutral particle analyzer arrays on National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade

description: A compact and multi-view Solid State Neutral Particle Analyzer (SSNPA) diagnostic based on silicon photodiode arrays has been successfully tested on the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U). The SSNPA diagnostic provides spatially, temporally, and pitch-angle resolved measurements of fast-ion distribution by detecting fast neutral flux resulting from charge exchange (CX) reactions. The system consists of three 16-channel subsystems: t-SSNPA viewing the plasma mid-radius and neutral beam (NB) line #2 tangentially, r-SSNPA viewing the plasma core and NB line #1 radially and p-SSNPA with no intersection with any NB lines. Due to the setup geometry, the active CX signals of t-SSNPA and r-SSNPA are mainly sensitive to passing and trapped particles respectively. In addition, both t-SSNPA and r-SSNPA utilize three vertically stacked arrays with different filter thickness to obtain coarse energy information. The experimental data show that all channels are operational. The signal to noise ratio is typically larger than 10 and the main noise is x-ray induced signal. The active and passive CX signals are clearly observed on t-SSNPA and r-SSNPA during NB modulation. The SSNPA data also indicate significant losses of passing particles during sawteeth, while trapped particles are weakly affected. Fluctuations up to 120 kHz, have been observed on SSNPA, and they are strongly correlated with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities.
DOI: 10.11578/1562051
title: Far-infrared tangential interferometer/polarimeter design and installation for NSTX-U

description: The Far-infrared Tangential Interferometer/Polarimeter (FIReTIP) system has been refurbished andis being reinstalled on the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) to supplyreal-time line-integrated core electron density measurements for use in the NSTX-U plasma controlsystem (PCS) to facilitate real-time density feedback control of the NSTX-U plasma. Inclusionof a visible light heterodyne interferometer in the FIReTIP system allows for real-time vibrationcompensation due to movement of an internally mounted retroreflector and the FIReTIP front-endoptics. Real-time signal correction is achieved through use of a National Instruments CompactRIOfield-programmable gate array.
DOI: 10.11578/1562053
title: Elemental and topographical imaging of microscopic variations in deposition on NSTX-U and DIII-D samples2

description: Abstract: Tokamak plasma facing components have surface roughness that can cause microscopic spatial variations in erosion and deposition and hence influence material migration, erosion lifetime, dust and tritium accumulation, and plasma contamination. However high spatial resolution measurements of deposition on the scale of the surface roughness have been lacking to date. We will present elemental images of graphite samples from NSTX-U and DIII-D DiMES experiments performed with a Scanning Auger Microprobe at sub-micron resolution that show strong microscopic variations in deposition and correlate this with 3D topographical maps of surface irregularities. The NSTX-U samples were boronized and exposed to deuterium plasmas and the DiMES samples had localized Al and W films and were exposed to dedicated helium plasmas. Topographical maps of the samples were performed with a 3D confocal optical microscope and compared to the elemental deposition pattern. The results revealed localized deposition concentrated in areas shadowed from the ion flux, incident in a direction calculated (for the DiMES case) by taking account of the magnetic pre-sheath.
DOI: 10.11578/1562055
title: Suppression of Alfvén modes on NSTX-U with outboard beam injection

description: In this paper we present data from experiments on NSTX-U where it is shown for the first time that small amounts of high pitch-angle beam ions can strongly suppress the counter-propagating Global Alfvén Eigenmodes (GAE). GAE have been implicated in the redistribution of fast ions and modification of the electron power balance in previous experiments on NSTX. The ability to predict the stability of Alfvén modes, and developing methods to control them, is important for fusion reactor like the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) which are heated by a large population of non-thermal, super-Alfvénic ions consisting of fusion generated alphas and beam ions injected for current profile control. We present a qualitative interpretation of these observations using an analytic model of the Doppler-shifted ion-cyclotron resonance drive responsible for GAE instability which has an important dependence on k⊥ρL. A quantitative analysis of this data with the HYM stability code predicts both the frequencies and instability of the GAE prior to, and suppression of the GAE after the injection of high pitch-angle beam ions.
DOI: 10.11578/1562056
title: Two-dimensional full-wave simulations of waves in space and tokamak plasmas

description: We illustrate the capabilities of a recently developed two-dimensional full wave code (FW2D) in space and tokamak plasmas by adopting various values of density, magnetic field configuration and strength as well as boundary shape. As example, we first showed fast compressional wave propagation in the inner magnetosphere is dramatically modified by a plasmaspheric plume at Earth's magnetosphere. The results show that wave energy is trapped in the plume showing a leaky eigenmode-like structure with plume, which is similar to the detected magnetosonic waves. We also performed simulations of high harmonic fast waves in the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasmas of the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX)/NSTX-Upgrade. Comparison the results with previous full-wave simulations show that although the FW2D code uses a cold plasma approximation, the electric field and the fraction of the power losses in the SOL plasmas show excellent consistency and agreement with the previous full wave simulations performed by the AORSA code.