cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324369.v1
title: Osteohistology of the silesaurid Sacisaurus agudoensis from southern Brazil (Late Triassic) and implications for growth in early dinosaurs

description: Abstract: The non-dinosaurian dinosauriform silesaurids are the closest relatives of crown-group dinosaurs and are thus, important for understanding the origins of that group. Here, we describe the limb bone histology of the Late Triassic silesaurid Sacisaurus agudoensis from the Candelária Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The sampled bones comprise eight femora and one fibula from different individuals. The microscopic analysis of all elements reveals uninterrupted fibrolamellar bone tissue indicating rapid growth. A transition to slower growing peripheral parallel-fibered bone tissue in some individuals indicates a decrease in growth rate, suggesting ontogenetic variation within the sample. The osteohistology of Sacisaurus agudoensis is similar to that of other silesaurids and supports previous hypotheses that rapid growth was attained early in the dinosauromorph lineage. However, silesaurids lack the complex vascular arrangements seen in saurischian dinosaurs. Instead, they exhibit predominantly longitudinally-oriented primary osteons with few or no anastomoses, similar to those of some small early ornithischian dinosaurs. This simpler vascular pattern is common to all silesaurids studied to date and indicates relatively slower growth rates compared to most Dinosauria.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324357
title: Dynamics of the botanical knowledge of the Laklãnõ-Xokleng indigenous people in Southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT We analyzed the botanical knowledge of the Laklãnõ-Xokleng people in the Ibirama Laklãnõ Indigenous Territory. They are the last remnant of this ethnicity living in a unitary socio-political organization. The objective was to investigate the dynamics, distribution and transmission of botanical information. We interviewed 112 people in two villages about known and used plants. Data were collected through structured socioeconomic questionnaires, free lists and walk-in-the-woods tours. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and metrics of social network analysis. Of the 314 plants mentioned in the interviews, 77 % were currently used, 15 % were used in the past, and 8 % were known but never used. Men cited more plants than women. We found no correlation between the distribution of knowledge and age, but there was a relationship between families that valued Laklãnõ-Xokleng culture and individual knowledge. Transmission of knowledge about plants used medicinally and for handicrafts occurs mainly between generations and during childhood. Transmission networks emphasize the central position of elders as knowledge transmitters for their families. Different network topologies reflect particular dynamics in the medicinal and handicraft use of plants. External and internal pressures have caused changes in the transmission of the botanical knowledge of the Laklãnõ-Xokleng.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324360
title: Use efficiency and responsivity to nitrogen of common bean cultivars

description: ABSTRACT Common beans are the main source of protein in underdeveloped countries, and nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients the most limits the productivity of this crop. This study, under field conditions, aimed to: a) determinate through efficiency indices how N is used by 16 cultivars of common beans; and b) classify these cultivars regarding use efficiency and responsivity to N application. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with four replicates. Main plots consisted of 16 cultivars of common beans commercially classified as ‘Carioca type’. Subplots comprised two rates of N: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as top-dressing. The evaluations were number of pods per plant and grains per pod, hundred-grain weight, shoots dry matter at full flowering, straw and grains dry matter at physiological maturity and grain yield. Based on the dry matter and its nutrient contents, the N accumulations were calculated in shoots and grains. The agronomic, physiological, agro-physiological, recovery and use efficiencies of N were calculated. Cultivar BRSMG Uai stands out by agronomic, physiological, recovery and use efficiencies of N. Genotypes BRSMG Uai, BRS FC402, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Maracanã and TAA Bola Cheia are efficient and responsive to top-dressing N application.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324363.v1
title: Establishment of homogeneous zones in a soil of alluvial origin

description: ABSTRACT Soils have the ability to maintain plant growth and biological activity due to their physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study was to observe the spatial distribution of some chemical properties of the soil, such as pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), sulfur (S) and aluminum (Al) content and to establish zones with homogeneous chemical characteristics using the MULTISPATI-PCA technique and the fuzzy c-means algorithm. The study area was located in the Tundama and Sugamuxi Valleys (Boyacá, Colombia) with an area of 8,017 ha. Chemical properties such as pH, OM, EC, S, Al, and ECEC were indicators of the chemical degradation of these soils. Four homogeneous zones were identified. The first zone represents areas with acidity and excessive sulfur, with a pH of 4.54, 15.88% OM, 3.19 dS m-1 EC, 2.47 meq 100 g-1 Al and 365.59 meq 100 g-1 S. In contrast, the second zone represents areas with a high self-neutralizing capacity, with a pH of 5.98, 4.22% OM, 0.75 dS m-1 EC, 0.20 meq 100 g-1 Al and 44.64 meq 100 g-1 S. Zone three showed a high similarity with the first two, except for its EC and S contents. Finally, zone four showed similarity with the first, except in OM, EC and S contents. These data show that S and EC influenced the homogeneous zones because the soils in this area are called acid sulfate soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324366.v1
title: Mammal tooth traces in a ferruginous cave in southeastern Brazil and their relevance to cave legal protection

description: Abstract: We describe the first occurrence of biogenic traces made by mammals within an iron formation cave located in the Serra da Ferrugem Ridge, in Southeastern Brazil. These bioerosions are tooth traces produced in boulders, walls and floor within the cave. The traces occur as sets of two or more grooves, which are highly variable in size. The grooves were compared to tooth traces artificially produced by imprinting the incisors of different mammal species collected in the cave region on soft clay. Among those, the following taxa are potential tracemakers: Akodon sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Necromys lasiurus, Rhipidomys mastacalis, Oecomys gr. concolor, Trinomys moojeni, and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. The age of the traces is unknown; therefore, any discussion on its fossil nature is circumstantial. Regardless of its relevance to paleontology, the presence of ichnological features should be considered as an additional cave value, according to the current Brazilian legislation regarding cave protection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324357.v1
title: Dynamics of the botanical knowledge of the Laklãnõ-Xokleng indigenous people in Southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT We analyzed the botanical knowledge of the Laklãnõ-Xokleng people in the Ibirama Laklãnõ Indigenous Territory. They are the last remnant of this ethnicity living in a unitary socio-political organization. The objective was to investigate the dynamics, distribution and transmission of botanical information. We interviewed 112 people in two villages about known and used plants. Data were collected through structured socioeconomic questionnaires, free lists and walk-in-the-woods tours. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and metrics of social network analysis. Of the 314 plants mentioned in the interviews, 77 % were currently used, 15 % were used in the past, and 8 % were known but never used. Men cited more plants than women. We found no correlation between the distribution of knowledge and age, but there was a relationship between families that valued Laklãnõ-Xokleng culture and individual knowledge. Transmission of knowledge about plants used medicinally and for handicrafts occurs mainly between generations and during childhood. Transmission networks emphasize the central position of elders as knowledge transmitters for their families. Different network topologies reflect particular dynamics in the medicinal and handicraft use of plants. External and internal pressures have caused changes in the transmission of the botanical knowledge of the Laklãnõ-Xokleng.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324360.v1
title: Use efficiency and responsivity to nitrogen of common bean cultivars

description: ABSTRACT Common beans are the main source of protein in underdeveloped countries, and nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients the most limits the productivity of this crop. This study, under field conditions, aimed to: a) determinate through efficiency indices how N is used by 16 cultivars of common beans; and b) classify these cultivars regarding use efficiency and responsivity to N application. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with four replicates. Main plots consisted of 16 cultivars of common beans commercially classified as ‘Carioca type’. Subplots comprised two rates of N: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as top-dressing. The evaluations were number of pods per plant and grains per pod, hundred-grain weight, shoots dry matter at full flowering, straw and grains dry matter at physiological maturity and grain yield. Based on the dry matter and its nutrient contents, the N accumulations were calculated in shoots and grains. The agronomic, physiological, agro-physiological, recovery and use efficiencies of N were calculated. Cultivar BRSMG Uai stands out by agronomic, physiological, recovery and use efficiencies of N. Genotypes BRSMG Uai, BRS FC402, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Maracanã and TAA Bola Cheia are efficient and responsive to top-dressing N application.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324351
title: Restoration of abandoned subtropical highland grasslands in Brazil: mowing produces fast effects, but hay transfer does not

description: ABSTRACT Subtropical Campos Sulinos grasslands, in South Brazil, are among the most biodiverse grasslands of the world. As climatic conditions lead to high productivity, disturbance are critical to maintain their diversity. Long-term exclusion, on the other hand, leads to plant species losses and changes in composition. No studies on the restoration of these grasslands after abandonment exist to date. We tested combinations of restoration techniques with the aim of increasing plant diversity in an abandoned and species-poor grassland in the South Brazilian highland region. In a bi-factorial experiment, we tested the effects of two different frequencies of mowing and of hay transfer. Mowing reduced plant cover, vegetation height, and abundance of erect grasses and shrubs, and increased species richness, diversity (Shannon diversity index) and prostrate forb and grass cover. No differences were found between mowing frequencies. Hay transfer was not effective at reintroducing species. The results of the present study provide further evidence that the reintroduction of plants is a major challenge in the restoration of subtropical and tropical grasslands. The study shows that mowing is a fast way to increase plant diversity in Campos Sulinos after long periods of abandonment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324354
title: Quality and antioxidant potential of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes harvested in the first half of the year under different training systems and rootstocks in a tropical region

description: ABSTRACT The Submedium São Francisco Valley is renowned for its particular conditions for cultivating grapes for different uses. The production of grapes for juice is relatively recent, and thus, knowledge is still limited on components of the production system. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant activity of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes in irrigated crops of the Submedium São Francisco River Valley under the influence of training systems and rootstocks, in production cycles of the first half of the year. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of Bebedouro/Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The following were studied: overhead trellis, lyre, and vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems and rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’, in the production cycles corresponding to the first halves of 2017 and 2018. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with sub-subplots through time and four replicates. Overall, responses depended on training systems, rootstocks, and production cycles, which determined specific traits of the grapes. Production in the first half of 2018 was characterized by high anthocyanin contents, high total extractable polyphenols, and higher antioxidant activity, and responses were differentiated according to training system and rootstock. Plants trained to overhead trellis and grafted on ‘IAC 572’ had higher accumulation of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity in berries. Plants trained to VSP had increased sugar, yellow flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents in berries while lyre training system led to higher bunch mass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324348
title: WIND EFFECTS ON FOUNDATIONS OF SILOS AND LIGHT STRUCTURES: SOLUTION BY USE OF STEEL PILES IN DIABASIC SOIL

description: ABSTRACT Wind solicitations generate horizontal, tensile, and compressive stresses on building foundations. In empty light structures, such as agricultural greenhouses and, in the specific case of silos and elevated structures such as metal water tanks, the consideration of these loads becomes important because the lack of the weight component due to the storage load significantly influences the balance of forces. This study focused on the behavior of metallic steel profiles, aiming at its application as a foundation element for the pile, considering the soil of Diabasic origin common to the Center-South region of Brazil. Load tests in real scale were carried out on three steel profiles, type I, gauge W 250 mm x 32.7 kg m-1, drilled in the ground up to 12m deep by means of a pile driver. One steel profile was submitted to lateral loading, another to vertical compressive loading, and the other to vertical tensile load. Test results determined the bearing load of the pile for each loading type, calculated the soil reaction coefficient for lateral loading, and verified the applicability of load capacity prediction methods to tensile and compressive strengths of piles, commonly used in foundation projects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324351.v1
title: Restoration of abandoned subtropical highland grasslands in Brazil: mowing produces fast effects, but hay transfer does not

description: ABSTRACT Subtropical Campos Sulinos grasslands, in South Brazil, are among the most biodiverse grasslands of the world. As climatic conditions lead to high productivity, disturbance are critical to maintain their diversity. Long-term exclusion, on the other hand, leads to plant species losses and changes in composition. No studies on the restoration of these grasslands after abandonment exist to date. We tested combinations of restoration techniques with the aim of increasing plant diversity in an abandoned and species-poor grassland in the South Brazilian highland region. In a bi-factorial experiment, we tested the effects of two different frequencies of mowing and of hay transfer. Mowing reduced plant cover, vegetation height, and abundance of erect grasses and shrubs, and increased species richness, diversity (Shannon diversity index) and prostrate forb and grass cover. No differences were found between mowing frequencies. Hay transfer was not effective at reintroducing species. The results of the present study provide further evidence that the reintroduction of plants is a major challenge in the restoration of subtropical and tropical grasslands. The study shows that mowing is a fast way to increase plant diversity in Campos Sulinos after long periods of abandonment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324354.v1
title: Quality and antioxidant potential of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes harvested in the first half of the year under different training systems and rootstocks in a tropical region

description: ABSTRACT The Submedium São Francisco Valley is renowned for its particular conditions for cultivating grapes for different uses. The production of grapes for juice is relatively recent, and thus, knowledge is still limited on components of the production system. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant activity of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes in irrigated crops of the Submedium São Francisco River Valley under the influence of training systems and rootstocks, in production cycles of the first half of the year. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of Bebedouro/Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The following were studied: overhead trellis, lyre, and vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems and rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’, in the production cycles corresponding to the first halves of 2017 and 2018. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with sub-subplots through time and four replicates. Overall, responses depended on training systems, rootstocks, and production cycles, which determined specific traits of the grapes. Production in the first half of 2018 was characterized by high anthocyanin contents, high total extractable polyphenols, and higher antioxidant activity, and responses were differentiated according to training system and rootstock. Plants trained to overhead trellis and grafted on ‘IAC 572’ had higher accumulation of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity in berries. Plants trained to VSP had increased sugar, yellow flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents in berries while lyre training system led to higher bunch mass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324348.v1
title: WIND EFFECTS ON FOUNDATIONS OF SILOS AND LIGHT STRUCTURES: SOLUTION BY USE OF STEEL PILES IN DIABASIC SOIL

description: ABSTRACT Wind solicitations generate horizontal, tensile, and compressive stresses on building foundations. In empty light structures, such as agricultural greenhouses and, in the specific case of silos and elevated structures such as metal water tanks, the consideration of these loads becomes important because the lack of the weight component due to the storage load significantly influences the balance of forces. This study focused on the behavior of metallic steel profiles, aiming at its application as a foundation element for the pile, considering the soil of Diabasic origin common to the Center-South region of Brazil. Load tests in real scale were carried out on three steel profiles, type I, gauge W 250 mm x 32.7 kg m-1, drilled in the ground up to 12m deep by means of a pile driver. One steel profile was submitted to lateral loading, another to vertical compressive loading, and the other to vertical tensile load. Test results determined the bearing load of the pile for each loading type, calculated the soil reaction coefficient for lateral loading, and verified the applicability of load capacity prediction methods to tensile and compressive strengths of piles, commonly used in foundation projects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324339
title: BED TEMPERATURE IN COMPOST BARNS TURNED WITH ROTARY HOE AND OFFSET DISC HARROW

description: ABSTRACT The success of confinement for dairy cattle in the compost barn model depends mainly on the management of the bed and consists of its turning. This paper characterises the spatial variability of the bed temperature in the compost barn confinement model, as well as verifying whether there was an effect on efficiency from turning the bed with different agricultural implements. The experiment was conducted during the summer and winter of 2016, with 8 days of collection in each period. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics methods and geostatistical modelling with semivariograms and kriging maps. The results of the t-test at a5% significance level indicated that, after turning the bed with the plough or rotary hoe, the temperature values were significantly lower. There was an efficient on bed turning based on different agricultural implements. Spatial dependence was observed on the data, with a better adjustment given by a Gaussian model. Kriging maps allowed the characterization of the spatial variability of bed temperature and the visualization across the compost barn bed at the superficial layer and 0.15 m in depth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324342
title: Compact Broadband High-Directivity Microstrip Directional Coupler

description: Abstract The difference between phase velocities of the odd and even modes in inhomogeneous microstrip coupled lines makes the microstrip directional coupler a poor device regarding directivity. In this work, this issue is successfully compensated by the addition of a matching network at the ports of coupled lines. Furthermore, the proposed matching network, composed of a single segment of microstrip line, was extensively studied providing significant insights for the design of a compact and broadband device. As result, simple design equations based on coupled lines S-parameters are obtained, as well as the achievable operation limits of the proposed matching network. Finally, in order to validate the proposed design methodology, a compact microstrip directional coupler is constructed to operate with directivity higher than 30 dB and coupling of 17 dB over a 600-MHz bandwidth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324336
title: CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE OF BASIL PLANTS CULTIVATED IN A HYDROPONIC SYSTEM USING TREATED DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

description: ABSTRACT Different techniques have been used to evaluate the energetic characteristics and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants exposed to different stresses, including the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the photosynthetic response by assessing the fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll a in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Alfavaca Basilicão cultivated in a hydroponic deep-flow technique system using treated domestic wastewater. The study used a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, in which the factors were the water source used for preparing the nutrient solution (tap water or treated domestic wastewater) and the height (upper and lower) of the platform of the cultivation system. The photosynthetic yield of the plants grown on the lower platform was comparatively lower regardless of the water source. However, there was no significant effect of the water source on the potential and effective quantum yields of photosystem II, indicating the absence of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and photosynthetic yield of plants produced with treated domestic wastewater, suggesting the viability of this treatment for producing basil cv. Alfavaca Basilicão in hydroponic systems.