DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r70
title: Data from: Heterogeneity in breeding productivity is driven largely by factors affecting nestlings and young fledglings in an imperiled migratory passerine

description: Identifying factors that drive variation in vital rates among populations
 is a prerequisite to understanding a species’ population biology and,
 ultimately, to developing effective conservation strategies. This is
 especially true for imperiled species like the golden-winged warbler
 (Vermivora chrysoptera) that exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity in
 demography and respond differently to conservation interventions. Habitat
 management actions recommended for breeding grounds conservation include
 timber harvest, shrub shearing, and prescribed fire that maintain or
 create early successional woody communities. Herein, we assessed variation
 in the survival of nests [n=145] and fledglings [n=134] at 17 regenerating
 timber harvests sites within two isolated populations in Pennsylvania that
 differed in productivity and response to habitat management. Although
 overall survival of nests and fledglings was higher in the eastern
 population than the central population, this was only true when the nest
 phases and fledgling phases were considered wholly. Indeed, survival rates
 of nestlings and recently fledged young (1-5 days post-fledging) were
 lower in the central population, whereas eggs and older fledglings (≥ 6
 days post-fledging) survived at comparable rates in both populations.
 Fledglings in the central population were smaller (10% lower weight) and
 begged twice as much as those in the eastern population, suggesting food
 limitation may contribute to lower survival rates. Fledgling survival in
 the central population, but not eastern, also was a function of habitat
 features (understory vegetation density [+] and distance to mature forest
 [-]) and individual factors (begging effort [-]).Our findings illustrate
 how identifying how survival varies across specific life stages can
 elucidate potential underlying demographic drivers, such as food resources
 in this case. In this way, our work underscores the importance of studying
 and decomposing stage-specific demography in species of conservation
 concern.   
description: Herein are all MARK input files (which contain the analysis
 data), README file, and MARK .DBF and .FPT files which contain the
 analyses.
description: Description of subfolders: The "INPfiles" folder refers to MARK
 input files described below The "MARKfiles" folder refers to
 MARK (.DBF and .FPT) files to implement the input files mentioned above.
 Note that each .INP file (input file) has two MARK (.DBF and .FPT) files
 to implement the analysis in program MARK. The following are descriptions
 of the variables present in each analysis \##########################
 lifestages_eggsurvival /* day 1 = Julian date 134 for Pocs and day 1 =
 Julian date 141 for PA Wilds */ /* nesting season is 46 days in Pocs and
 47 days in PA Wilds */ /* therefore, # occasions = 47 */ /* six values: i,
 j, k, f, n, and region ('pa wilds' vs 'poconos' where
 0 = poconos) */ \# so, when you open this file, you'll see the three
 monitoring variables (i, j, and k) followed by \# fate ("f";
 1/0), number ("n"; always 1), and region.
 lifestages_nestlingsurvival /* day 1 = Julian date 134 for Pocs and day 1
 = Julian date 141 for PA Wilds */ /* nesting season is 46 days in Pocs and
 47 days in PA Wilds */ /* therefore, # occasions = 47 */ /* six values: i,
 j, k, f, n, and region ('pa wilds' vs 'poconos' where
 0 = poconos) */ lifestages_fledglings1to5survival /* 5 occasions */ /*
 each observation includes a 5 day detection history, n, and region */ /* 2
 regions (pa wilds vs poconos - 0 = poconos) */ /* I did not run
 'region' as a group effect - I ran as a covariate */
 lifestages_fledglings6to30survival /* 25 occasions */ /* each observation
 includes a 25 day detection history, n, and region */ /* 2 regions (pa
 wilds vs poconos - 0 = poconos) */ /* I did not run 'region' as
 a group effect - I ran as a covariate */ \## These are all variable
 definitions for fledgling survival files: Var1 study area (pa wilds vs
 poconos - 0 = poconos) Var2 year (0 = first year); poconos: 2014-15, pa
 wilds: 2016-17 Var3 mass at time of banding (g) Var4 fledge date (ordinal)
 Var5 distance fledgling moved before day 1 (m) Var6 distance fledgling
 moved before day 2 (m) Var7 distance fledgling moved before day 3 (m) Var8
 distance fledgling moved before day 4 (m) Var9 distance fledgling moved
 before day 5 (m) Var10 fledgling begging on day 1 (0-5; 0 = 0%, 5 = 100%)
 Var11 fledgling begging on day 2 (0-5; 0 = 0%, 5 = 100%) Var12 fledgling
 begging on day 3 (0-5; 0 = 0%, 5 = 100%) Var13 fledgling begging on day 4
 (0-5; 0 = 0%, 5 = 100%) Var14 fledgling begging on day 5 (0-5; 0 = 0%, 5 =
 100%) Var15 mean basal area (m2/ha) Var16 mean percent unvegetated cover
 Var17 mean percent nonherbaceous cover Var18 mean percent herbaceous cover
 Var19 mean number of snags Var20 mean percent lateral vegetation density
 Var21 mean percent vertical density Var22 mean percent early-successional
 within 150m Var23 mean percent hardwood swamp within 150m Var24 mean
 percent mature forest within 150m Var25 mean percent sapling stand within
 150m Var26 mean percent shrubland within 150m Var27 mean percent thinned
 stand within 150m Var28 distance (m) to nearest early-successional stand,
 day 1 Var29 distance (m) to nearest early-successional stand, day 2 Var30
 distance (m) to nearest early-successional stand, day 3 Var31 distance (m)
 to nearest early-successional stand, day 4 Var32 distance (m) to nearest
 early-successional stand, day 5 Var33 distance (m) to nearest hardwood
 swamp, day 1 Var34 distance (m) to nearest hardwood swamp, day 2 Var35
 distance (m) to nearest hardwood swamp, day 3 Var36 distance (m) to
 nearest hardwood swamp, day 4 Var37 distance (m) to nearest hardwood
 swamp, day 5 Var38 distance (m) to nearest mature forest, day 1 Var39
 distance (m) to nearest mature forest, day 2 Var40 distance (m) to nearest
 mature forest, day 3 Var41 distance (m) to nearest mature forest, day 4
 Var42 distance (m) to nearest mature forest, day 5 Var43 distance (m) to
 nearest sapling (pole) stand, day 1 Var44 distance (m) to nearest sapling
 (pole) stand, day 2 Var45 distance (m) to nearest sapling (pole) stand,
 day 3 Var46 distance (m) to nearest sapling (pole) stand, day 4 Var47
 distance (m) to nearest sapling (pole) stand, day 5 Var48 distance (m) to
 nearest shrubland, day 1 Var49 distance (m) to nearest shrubland, day 2
 Var50 distance (m) to nearest shrubland, day 3 Var51 distance (m) to
 nearest shrubland, day 4 Var52 distance (m) to nearest shrubland, day 5
 Var53 distance (m) to nearest thinned stand (eg, shelterwood), day 1 Var54
 distance (m) to nearest thinned stand (eg, shelterwood), day 2 Var55
 distance (m) to nearest thinned stand (eg, shelterwood), day 3 Var56
 distance (m) to nearest thinned stand (eg, shelterwood), day 4 Var57
 distance (m) to nearest thinned stand (eg, shelterwood), day 5 \## These
 are all variable definitions for nest survival files: Var1 year (0 = first
 year); poconos: 2014-15, pa wilds: 2016-17 Var2 number of 1-2 m tall
 shrubs within 5 m of the nest Var3 number of &gt;2 m tall shrubs within 5
 m of the nest Var4 number of saplings within 5 m of the nest Var5 basal
 area (m2/ha) Var6 percent leaf litter cover within 1 m of the nest Var7
 percent grass cover within 1 m of the nest Var8 percent bare ground cover
 within 1 m of the nest Var9 percent forb cover within 1 m of the nest
 Var10 percent woody cover within 1 m of the nest Var11 percent vine cover
 within 1 m of the nest Var12 percent rubus cover within 1 m of the nest
 Var13 number of snags within 11.3 m of the nest Var14 mean shrub height
 within 11.3 m of the nest Var15 mean sapling height within 11.3 m of the
 nest Var16 percent grass cover within 11.3 m of the nest Var17 percent
 forb cover within 11.3 m of the nest Var18 percent rubus cover within 11.3
 m of the nest Var19 percent vine cover within 11.3 m of the nest Var20
 percent shrub cover within 11.3 m of the nest Var21 percent sapling cover
 within 11.3 m of the nest Var22 percent canopy cover within 11.3 m of the
 nest \########################################################### \##
 Guide to all of the inp/MARK files in this study: Objectives were to
 assess: 1\) variation in survival rates across key life stages (egg,
 nestling, and fledgling) 2\) effects of breeding phenology and
 micro-habitat on NEST survival 3\) influence of individual, phenological,
 micro-habitat, and stand-scale variables on FLEDGLING survival \## There
 are 12 MARK analyses \# Objective 1 has 4 analyses (and, thus, four .INP
 files): i. "lifestages_eggsurvival"; only has one covariate
 (region aka "Var1") ii. "lifestages_nestlingsurvival";
 only has one covariate (region aka "Var1") iii.
 "lifestages_fledglings1to5survival"; only has one covariate
 (region aka "Var1") but we test many age-specific survival
 patternsso there are many models iv.
 "lifestages_fledglings6to30survival"; only has one covariate
 (region aka "Var1") \# Objective 2 has 2 analyses (and, thus,
 two .INP files): v. "pawilds_nestsurvival"; Var1-22; see above
 vi. "poconos_nestsurvival"; Var1-22; see above \# Objective 3
 has 6 analyses (and, thus, six .INP files): vii.
 "pawilds_fledglingsurvival_individual"; year (Var2), mass
 (Var3), fledgedate (Var4), distmoved (Var5-9), and begging (Var10-14)
 viii. "pawilds_fledglingsurvival_microhabitat"; basal (Var15),
 unveg (Var16), nonherb (Var17),herb (Var18), snag (Var19), latdensity
 (Var20), vertdensity (Var21) ix.
 "pawilds_fledglingsurvival_standscale"; Var22-57; see above x.
 "poconos_fledglingsurvival_individual";year (Var2), mass (Var3),
 fledgedate (Var4), distmoved (Var5-9), and begging (Var10-14) xi.
 "poconos_fledglingsurvival_microhabitat"; basal (Var15), unveg
 (Var16), nonherb (Var17),herb (Var18), snag (Var19), latdensity (Var20),
 vertdensity (Var21) xii. "poconos_fledglingsurvival_standscale";
 Var22-57; see above \#################### Helpful note: if MARK throws
 this warning: Return value from WinExec = # See this link:
 http://www.phidot.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=2394