cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/5aeda581-b4f2-4e51-b1a6-890b6b3403a3
title: UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) butterfly data: 1993-2015

description: Butterfly data from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites. Counts of individual species are recorded. These data are collected while walking a defined transect at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol. They represent continuous weekly records from 1993 to 2015. ECN is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. These organisations are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage.
description: Data are collected from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites while walking a defined transect at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol. Prior to deposit of the data in the EIDC, data are managed by the ECN Data Centre at CEH Lancaster according to defined protocols. 

Verification steps include numeric range checks (i.e. checking if a value falls within a specified range), categorical checks (e.g. checking that a species code appears on the standard code list), formatting (i.e. that the dataset conforms to the specified data format) and logical integrity checks (i.e. checking the data make sense, e.g. that the dates in one dataset match those in a related dataset).

Appropriate range settings for ECN variables have been selected following discussion with specialists in each field. Where data fall outside these ranges, a cautious approach has been adopted towards discarding data on the principle that apparent errors may be valid outliers. Such values are discarded only if there is a clear explanation (e.g. an instrumentation error) and corrections are made where possible. If the reason is unclear, the values are stored, but are qualified using pre-defined quality codes or free-text descriptions. Data providers also use these codes or free text to describe factors affecting sampling outside their control, instrument damage or site management effects.
DOI: 10.5285/f9dd7a39-f408-4e11-8819-46afa05457bd
title: The germination rates of seeds from Eschscholzia californica plants located within habitats comprising habitats with different floral cover

description: This dataset details the germination rates of seeds from Eschscholzia californica plants introduced to habitats comprising different floral cover. Data was collected in June 2015 at the Hillesden estate, Buckinghamshire, UK. Experimental arrays were introduced across the study site, Arrays comprised of three E.californica plants separated by 1m and arranged in a triangular formation. A total of sixteen arrays were introduced across four 100ha replicate blocks, each separated by >500m. At the centre of each block, four experimental arrays were placed at 50m intervals along a 150m transect laid symmetrically across the boundary between an established wildflower patch and bare, fallow ground or grazed grassland (two arrays within the florally rich habitat and two arrays within the florally poor habitat). After sixteen  days plants were collected in and stored under glasshouse conditions. Upon fruit maturation, 20 seeds from each of the 48 field exposed plants was sown into compost and the number which successfully germinated was counted. The dataset was part of a larger experiment looking at the effect of floral resources on the pollination services to isolated plants.
description: All open flowers were removed from the 48 E. californica plants, prior to their placement in pre-marked locations across the landscape. They remained in the field for 16 days to ensure full anthesis of new flowers and to allow for multiple pollination events. After this period, all fruit were tagged to ensure that only fruit development arising from the period of the field experiment were included in analyses. Plants were then collected and stored under controlled glasshouse conditions until fruit maturation. Upon maturation, tagged fruit were collected and 20 seeds from each of the 48 plants were sown into compost and kept under glasshouse conditions (as above). Germination was recorded daily over a 30-day period and any seeds which had not germinated after 90 days were recorded as non-viable. The germination success was expressed as a ratio between the number of seeds which successfully germinated against the number of seeds which failed to germinate in each of the 48 field exposed plants.
DOI: 10.5285/a17b3345-b769-426d-bccd-f3c8bd88dea1
title: Photosynthesis data for Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus and Empetrum nigrum at the Climoor field site in Clocaenog Forest (2001-2007)

description: This dataset provides photosynthesis data for the plant species Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus and Empetrum nigrum. Photosynthesis response curves were measured for Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium myrtillus only. Photosynthesis was measured at the climate change field site Climoor which is located in Clocaenog forest, North East Wales. Photosynthesis measurements have been carried out in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007; photosynthesis light response curves and Net Carbon Dioxide (CO2) assimilation rate (A), versus calculated substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), (A/Ci), responses have been measured in 2002 and 2003. In 2005, the effects of drought on photosynthesis of all three species has been measured. In 2007, the effect climate change (warming and drought) has been measured on healthy, fungal affected and herbivory affected Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. The experimental field site consists of three untreated control plots, three plots where the plant canopy air is artificially warmed during night time hours and three plots where rainfall is excluded from the plots at least during the plants growing season (March to September). Photosynthesis measurements were carried out by trained members of CEH Bangor staff. 

The Climoor field experiment intends to answer questions regarding the effects of warming and drought on ecosystem processes. Plot level photosynthesis measurements are important to investigate ecosystem carbon dynamics and changes in the soil carbon under the imposed climatic treatments.
description: Measurements were taken with a CIRAS-2 infrared gas analyser (PP Systems, UK) between 11 am and 3 pm. The plant leaves/branches photosynthesis was measured on were sampled and dried at 65 degrees Celsius to determine the leaf mass and area. Non-flowering and non-fruiting, sun-exposed tips were used for all measurements. The tip was inserted in the cuvette and remained there until photosynthesis and transpiration rates were seen to equilibrate. Light response curves were measured at constant internal carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration by reducing the photosynthetically active light. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), versus calculated substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), (A/Ci), curves were measured at constant light conditions and reducing internal CO2 concentration. Photosynthesis data were measured at saturated light conditions,1000 micromole photons per square metre per second and constant near ambient CO2 concentration, 350 to 400 micromoles per mole. Measurements were downloaded to Excel spreadsheets and exported as .csv files for ingestion into the EIDC.
DOI: 10.5285/a84622db-842d-40d2-aad8-e3f85bd306c9
title: Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS) dry weight root biomass from three soil depths on salt marsh sites at Morecambe Bay and Essex

description: The dataset comprises of dry weight root biomass data collected from 0 cm to 10 cm, 10 cm to 20 cm and 20 cm to 30 cm soil depths from six salt marsh sites. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England. The Morecambe Bay samples were taken during the winter and summer of 2013. The Essex samples were taken during the winter, early spring and summer of 2013. This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme.
description: Roots were collected by taking sediment cores (16cm diameter, 30cm depth). The cores comprised of soil, intact roots and above ground vegetation. The roots were exposed by washing away the soil in a recirculating flume and then divided into three depth section. 0cm to 10 cm, 10cm to 20 cm and 20cm to 30cm. The roots were then dried at 60 degrees centigrade for 72 hours and weighed. Results were converted from kilogrammes of dry weight per core area to kilogrammes of dry weight per square metre. The location of the sample sites was determined by randomly allocated quadrats. Each site consisted of a rectangular area of saltmarsh between 400 x 500 m to 1000 x 1000 m in size, dependent upon saltmarsh length (parallel to shore) and width (perpendicular to shore), including part of the low, mid and high marsh zones. Twenty two 1 x 1 m quadrats were randomly allocated to each site rectangle using R (R Development Core Team, 2014) to specify four different spatial scales (A = 1 quadrat only, B = 3 quadrats at 1 m to 10 m apart, C = 6 quadrats at 10 m to 100 m apart, D = 12 quadrats at 100 m t 1000 m or site maximum).
DOI: 10.5285/ef96a901-a728-493d-8648-641e450d555d
title: Phenotypic data collected in the experimental infection study of house finches with M. gallisepticum bacterial isolates

description: Data collected from an experimental inoculation study of house finches with isolates of the bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, conducted at Arizona State University, USA in 2015.

Data include multiple measurements of disease progression obtained as measures of body mass, symptoms severity scores and infection status. The birds were caught from wild-populations and brought back into the laboratory in July 2015 to allow them to acclimate to laboratory conditions before study onset in October 2015. The experiment was then run for 34-days.
description: Wild caught house finches were experimentally inoculated with one Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolate collected over the course of the epidemic and infection progression was monitored over the course of one month
For further details, please see the supporting information
DOI: 10.5285/f478ea82-a0e9-4778-955b-34c7ebfdd421
title: National Plant Monitoring Scheme survey data (2015-2020)

description: This data resource provides plot-level plant occurrence data for the first six years (2015-2020) of the National Plant Monitoring Scheme (NPMS, covering the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man). Data consist of individual observations of plants, and other habitat characteristics, at the metre-scale; observations are accompanied by percentage cover information recorded according to the Domin frequency-abundance scale commonly used in plant community ecology. Other information provided includes the plot type (size, shape, according to the NPMS classification), the volunteer-recorded NPMS habitat, the date of sampling, and information regarding the spatial location of the plot. Information contained within the metadata file should allow users to reconstruct the sampling history (including gaps) of any plot that has been sampled within the NPMS scheme between 2015 and 2020.

The NPMS is organised and funded by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Plantlife and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee. This work partly supported through Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

Please be aware that this dataset is updated annually and that more recent versions exist.
description: Data were collected directly from volunteers into a custom Indicia database system (www.indicia.org.uk) through the NPMS website (www.npms.org.uk) or app. The Indicia system is built on a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, and the data presented here were extracted directly from this master database using appropriate SQL queries. See the associated documentation for more information on the broader Quality Assurance processes supporting the NPMS.
DOI: 10.5285/1b977181-a3bf-4535-b38e-32509001f7aa
title: Soil pH at Roudsea Wood National Nature Reserve 1961

description: The dataset consists of pH values from soil samples taken in Roudsea Wood National Nature Reserve in 1961. Soil samples were taken from between 5 and 10cm in depth from transects across the reserve and from under oak trees. pH was measured by the Woodlands Research Section at The Nature Conservancy's Merlewood Research Station, Grange over Sands, Cumbria and the data have been stored and digitised by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster. 
description: Much experimental work was undertaken by the Nature Conservancy at Roudsea Wood in the years following its acquisition as a National Nature Reserve in 1955. In 1961, routine soil pH was measured by the Woodlands Research Section at The Nature Conservancy's Merlewood Research Station, Grange over Sands. The original paper map has been latterly stored at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster (a descendant organisation of The Nature Conservancy), and the points and values digitised using ESRI's ArcMap software. Points were recorded on an original map at a scale of 1:25 000 which had been enlarged. The exact spatial accuracy is not known but points are likely to be accurate to within less than 50m.
DOI: 10.5285/5749df3d-000c-445e-a37f-dc0763b4d5ec
title: Distribution maps of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea across Scotland as hosts for Phytophthora 

description: These spatial layers contain the predicted occurrence and abundance of three heathland shrubs, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea identified as susceptible host species for Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in Scotland. The distribution models were developed from quadrat vegetation data kindly provided by Scottish Natural Heritage combined with data on climate and soil conditions as well as deer abundance and were fitted using a Bayesian Generalised Mixed Modelling approach adapted for input data on the DOMIN scale. This research was funded by the Scottish Government under research contract CR/2008/55, 'Study of the epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in managed gardens and heathlands in Scotland' and involved collaborators from St Andrews University, Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA), Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), Forestry Commission, the Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA) and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH). 
description: A logit-normal model was developed, structured as a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) for logit-transformed proportions. An approach was adopted that would deal with overdispersion (the large number of absence records for the species), the unequal numbers of quadrats taken per NVC survey site, and the uncertainty around the true percent cover arising from the unequal size of the DOMIN class intervals - such that the true percent cover is an unobserved latent variable. The supporting documentation contains full details of the GLMM used. Adam Butler from Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS) provided statistical advice for habitat suitability modelling.
DOI: 10.5285/c84961e3-b9dc-4c92-b316-36295b8a3330
title: Ecological survey of the Spey Valley birch woods, 1973

description: This dataset includes ecological information recorded from within 18 birch woodlands surveyed in the Spey Valley, Scotland between 1971 and 1974.  Data collected includes plant species composition in the canopy and ground flora, soil pH, habitat management and a wide range of other descriptors at a site level and in more detail from 16 - 40 200m2 sample plots located at random within the 18 woods.  The survey was undertaken by the Nature Conservancy/Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
description: This dataset was collected between 1971 and 1974 by trained field surveyors employed by the Nature Conservancy (later the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology).  The majority of sites were surveyed in 1973 and 1974.  Data were recorded on paper according to standardised methods, and later digitised and loaded into a central database held at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster.
DOI: 10.5285/331dd8ca-a4ff-40e6-b753-1b68468d8996
title: Fine-grained sediment diffuse pollution risk mapping scenarios for the Yorkshire Derwent catchment 

description: Erosion risk mapping showing river channel concentrations modelled using SCIMAP for the Yorkshire River Derwent, UK. Scenario mapping has been carried out and the dataset includes the following scenarios to assess variation in model output: 1) traditional land use map; 2) satellite derived land use maps; 3) long term rainfall averages; 4) integrating the artificial drainage network and 5) incorporating future climate change. 
description: This data was produced using SCIMAP (http://www.scimap.org.uk/), which requires the following data input – elevation (digital elevation model); rainfall and land use. This data shows erosion risk concentrations within river channels of the River Derwent, Yorkshire, UK. Seasonal erosion risk was assessed for a year, looking at a range of scenarios 1) using traditional land use maps (e.g., CORINE / CEH land use maps); 2) using seasonal satellite derived land use which can show bare land; 3) long term rainfall averages; 4) integrating the artificial drainage network and 5) incorporating future climate change using UKCP09 data. 

For further details please see the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/4b05caee-a3c8-46a7-b675-e5a94554bd9f
title: Avifauna occurrence data from a longitudinal experiment in human-modified Amazonian forests affected by the 2015-16 El Niño drought and associated fires

description: This data set includes longitudinal occurrence of bird species at 36 forest plots – half of which burned during the 2015-16 El Niño drought – distributed across a gradient of prior human disturbance in the Brazilian Amazon. Data was collected in 2010 and 2016 (around 6 years before, and one year after the 2015-16 El Niño, respectively) as part of the projects 'Assessing ENSO-induced Fire Impacts in tropical Rainforest Ecosystems' (AFIRE) and 'Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in degraded and recovering Amazonian and Atlantic Forests' (ECOFOR), within the NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forest (HTMF) programme.
description: In 2010 and 2016, bird sampling occurred along 300-m forest plots at the same three sampling points (0, 150 and 300m). All bird species seen or heard were recorded through two repetitions of three 15-min, 75-m fixed-width point counts per plot. Surveys were undertaken between 15 min before dawn and 09:30, only in days without persistent rain and/or strong winds. Point counts were recorded with solid-state recorders. Seasonal and temporal variation in bird vocal activity were minimized by systematically rotating repetitions between catchments and study plots. Datasets were processed by tropical bird specialists, and were then transferred to the programme data manager of the HMTF programme.
DOI: 10.5285/39b8bd96-af67-4f61-a040-0682043df938
title: Measurements of carbon-14 transfer from plants to soil within mesh cores [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: This dataset includes measurements of carbon-14 transfer from plants to soil within mesh cores.  Measurements were taken in roots, shoots, soil and from respiration.  Mesh cores were either static or rotated to provide plus and minus mycorrhizal mycelial systems. Carbon-14 was traced through cores as respiration using KOH (Potassium hydroxide) traps.

The experiment was carried out at the University of Sheffield using soil from the NERC Soil Biodiversity site in Scotland.  The work was part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders. During the experiment, the site was monitored to assess changes in above-ground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity). 
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT 8545 1963). These data were collected from an experimental facility using soil from the Sourhope site. Data were collected by students and staff from the University of Sheffield, following defined protocols. Data from the programme were managed by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/58709d9b-2b52-4f5d-8f3b-49354e664aea
title: Total carbon and nitrogen stocks across a land use gradient on Salisbury Plain in June 2014

description: This dataset contains carbon and nitrogen stock data from soils collected from Salisbury Plain, UK. The sites were selected to reflect the four main grassland management types on Salisbury Plain ranging from arable cropland to species rich grassland, with six representative grassland plots for each type (24 sites in total). Each site had two replicates for each variable measured. The data collected was intended to illustrate a gradient of ecosystem functioning and vegetation change as the grassland becomes more extensively managed. The field sampling was conducted by the University of Manchester and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology at Wallingford. Soil C and N were analysed by the University of Manchester. The data includes carbon and nitrogen budgets to depth at all sites.
description: The data presented in the set have been derived from equations presented in the methods document, in order to correct for bulk density and to apply to larger scales. The final data have been collated and after outlier removal, but have not been subjected to any transformations to alter variance or normality.
DOI: 10.5285/bc8708ee-cde6-4986-9bff-5508ed4ebdb5
title: Hypolimnion temperature and oxygen data from Esthwaite Water, UK, 2005-2009

description: The data available to download comprise hypolimnion temperature (TEMP) in degrees Celsius, and hypolimnion dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in mg per litre. All data have been measured in a depth of 13.5 to 15 m. All data are from January 2005 until the end of 2009.  This is part of a long-term monitoring dataset from fortnightly sampling at Esthwaite Water in Cumbria, England. The data have been collected by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH).  

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Please note that the data presented here are raw data that have not yet been quality controlled and calibrated. However, data has been double entered and checked visually. Missing data are due to weather conditions or staff shortage.
Measurements are made from a boat at a marked location (buoy) at the deepest part of the lake.