cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326962
title: Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate morpho-physiological and productive characteristics in four semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under five plant populations. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina in the State of Piauí, Brazil (PI). The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, for evaluating four cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi and BRS Tumucumaque) and five plant populations (105, 2x105, 3x105, 4x105 and 5x105 plants ha-1). There were significant differences between cultivars for primary branch length (PBL), number of lateral branches (NLB), 100-grain weight (HGW), and dry-grain yield (GY). The maximum PBL of 58.5 cm was obtained with 300 thousand plants ha-1, corresponding to an increase of 11.5% when compared to 100 thousand plants ha-1. However, there was a reduction of 91.2% in NLB when compared to the populations of 100 and 500 thousand plants ha-1. The increases of 188% obtained in the leaf area index (LAI) in the range of 100 to 500 thousand plants ha-1 explain the linear increase in the crop growth rate (CGR) as being due to the greater production of leaf area; also, the decreases seen in the net assimilation rate (NAR), especially in the range of 100 to 300 thousand plants ha-1, are explained as due to the consequent self-shading, which was intensified in the larger populations. LAI, light interception, and CGR in the cultivars increase in response to higher densities. HGW and GY are not significantly affected by the different populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326962.v1
title: Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate morpho-physiological and productive characteristics in four semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under five plant populations. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina in the State of Piauí, Brazil (PI). The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, for evaluating four cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi and BRS Tumucumaque) and five plant populations (105, 2x105, 3x105, 4x105 and 5x105 plants ha-1). There were significant differences between cultivars for primary branch length (PBL), number of lateral branches (NLB), 100-grain weight (HGW), and dry-grain yield (GY). The maximum PBL of 58.5 cm was obtained with 300 thousand plants ha-1, corresponding to an increase of 11.5% when compared to 100 thousand plants ha-1. However, there was a reduction of 91.2% in NLB when compared to the populations of 100 and 500 thousand plants ha-1. The increases of 188% obtained in the leaf area index (LAI) in the range of 100 to 500 thousand plants ha-1 explain the linear increase in the crop growth rate (CGR) as being due to the greater production of leaf area; also, the decreases seen in the net assimilation rate (NAR), especially in the range of 100 to 300 thousand plants ha-1, are explained as due to the consequent self-shading, which was intensified in the larger populations. LAI, light interception, and CGR in the cultivars increase in response to higher densities. HGW and GY are not significantly affected by the different populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326963.v1
title: Biochemical changes in hybrid pumpkin seeds at different stages of maturation

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate biochemical changes in seeds of the pumpkin hybrid, 'Jabras', from fruit harvested at different stages of maturation (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after anthesis). Thirty fruit were harvested at each stage, with the seeds from 15 of the fruit being extracted immediately. The remaining 15 were stored for twenty days in plastic boxes and the seeds extracted after this period. After processing and drying the seeds, the following were determined: moisture content, germination, first count and antioxidant enzyme activity (peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Seeds from the fruit harvested at 30 DAA displayed low values for germination and vigour and high antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating that they were immature and that drying possibly caused damage to the system of cell membranes. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that analysis related to changes in the activity of enzymes during development and maturation of the seeds was effective in evaluating the physiological and biochemical changes in pumpkin seeds of the 'Jabras' cultivar.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326963
title: Biochemical changes in hybrid pumpkin seeds at different stages of maturation

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate biochemical changes in seeds of the pumpkin hybrid, 'Jabras', from fruit harvested at different stages of maturation (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after anthesis). Thirty fruit were harvested at each stage, with the seeds from 15 of the fruit being extracted immediately. The remaining 15 were stored for twenty days in plastic boxes and the seeds extracted after this period. After processing and drying the seeds, the following were determined: moisture content, germination, first count and antioxidant enzyme activity (peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Seeds from the fruit harvested at 30 DAA displayed low values for germination and vigour and high antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating that they were immature and that drying possibly caused damage to the system of cell membranes. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that analysis related to changes in the activity of enzymes during development and maturation of the seeds was effective in evaluating the physiological and biochemical changes in pumpkin seeds of the 'Jabras' cultivar.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326966.v1
title: Cottonseed meal in broiler diets with or without enzyme supplements

description: ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating diets containing cottonseed as a substitute for soybean meal protein, with or without enzyme supplements, on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 350 chicks were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design, in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme (2 levels of substitution: 10% or 20% x with or without enzyme supplementation + control diet), giving a total of five treatments with seven replications. When compared to the control diet, in the pre-initial phase, the chicks submitted to the diets containing cottonseed meal showed higher feed intake and weight gain. However, when the periods, from 1 to 21 days and from 1 to 42 days, were evaluated, the performance of the birds was similar. Over the total breeding period, there was an effect from the level of substitution and the enzyme supplement, where a substitution of 20% and the addition of enzymes resulted in better weight gain. For carcass characteristics, it was found that a diet with 10% substitution and the addition of enzymes increased thigh weight in comparison to the control diet, and a substitution of 20%, gave greater yield of the upper thigh. Greater thigh weight was also found with the addition of enzymes. It can be concluded that cottonseed meal can be used as a substitute for 20% of the soybean meal protein in broiler diets supplemented with the enzymes phytase and xylanase.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326966
title: Cottonseed meal in broiler diets with or without enzyme supplements

description: ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating diets containing cottonseed as a substitute for soybean meal protein, with or without enzyme supplements, on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 350 chicks were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design, in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme (2 levels of substitution: 10% or 20% x with or without enzyme supplementation + control diet), giving a total of five treatments with seven replications. When compared to the control diet, in the pre-initial phase, the chicks submitted to the diets containing cottonseed meal showed higher feed intake and weight gain. However, when the periods, from 1 to 21 days and from 1 to 42 days, were evaluated, the performance of the birds was similar. Over the total breeding period, there was an effect from the level of substitution and the enzyme supplement, where a substitution of 20% and the addition of enzymes resulted in better weight gain. For carcass characteristics, it was found that a diet with 10% substitution and the addition of enzymes increased thigh weight in comparison to the control diet, and a substitution of 20%, gave greater yield of the upper thigh. Greater thigh weight was also found with the addition of enzymes. It can be concluded that cottonseed meal can be used as a substitute for 20% of the soybean meal protein in broiler diets supplemented with the enzymes phytase and xylanase.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326968
title: Ingestive behavior of lambs or hoggets fed on high-concentrate diets of maize or sorghum

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behaviour of lambs or hoggets, finished in confinement on high-concentrate diets based on maize or sorghum grain. A total of 32 animals were used, 16 lambs (milk teeth) and 16 hoggets (2 teeth), which were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design and a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (two categories x two types of grain). In the categories under evaluation (lambs and hoggets), a significant difference (P≤0.05) was found for total chewing time, idle time and other activities (expressed in min/day and as a percentage), number of meals per day, time spent per meal and for the weight of dry matter or NDF ingested per meal (g/DM per REF and g/NDF per REF respectively). For the grain under test (maize or sorghum), significant differences (P≤0.05) were seen in feeding time, total chewing time and idle time (expressed in min/day and as a percentage) and for feed efficiency (g DM/h and NDF/h). Differences in the nutritional demands of lambs and hoggets, and in the composition of high-concentrate diets of maize or sorghum, cause changes in some characteristics of the ingestive behaviour of the animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326968.v1
title: Ingestive behavior of lambs or hoggets fed on high-concentrate diets of maize or sorghum

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behaviour of lambs or hoggets, finished in confinement on high-concentrate diets based on maize or sorghum grain. A total of 32 animals were used, 16 lambs (milk teeth) and 16 hoggets (2 teeth), which were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design and a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (two categories x two types of grain). In the categories under evaluation (lambs and hoggets), a significant difference (P≤0.05) was found for total chewing time, idle time and other activities (expressed in min/day and as a percentage), number of meals per day, time spent per meal and for the weight of dry matter or NDF ingested per meal (g/DM per REF and g/NDF per REF respectively). For the grain under test (maize or sorghum), significant differences (P≤0.05) were seen in feeding time, total chewing time and idle time (expressed in min/day and as a percentage) and for feed efficiency (g DM/h and NDF/h). Differences in the nutritional demands of lambs and hoggets, and in the composition of high-concentrate diets of maize or sorghum, cause changes in some characteristics of the ingestive behaviour of the animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326971.v1
title: Chemical characterization of green grain before and after thermal processing in biofortified cowpea cultivars

description: ABSTRACT The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most widely consumed legumes in the North and Northeast of Brazil, representing an important source of protein, energy, fibre and minerals, in addition to generating employment and income. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, and the effect of thermal processing on the green grain from biofortified cowpea cultivars. Samples of green grain from four cowpea cultivars were analysed, only one not being biofortified (standard). Centesimal composition and total energy value (TEV) were determined before and after thermal processing. The mean values of the characteristics under evaluation were compared by Student's t-test and Tukey's test (. &lt;0.05). Moisture and TEV content in the raw green grain ranged from 58.32 to 60.66% and from 159 to 170 Kcal/100 g (wet basis) respectively. The ash, protein, lipid and carbohydrate (dry basis) content of the raw green grain varied from 1.58 to 1.68%, 11.03 to 13.25%, 1.31 to 2.23%, and 36.11 to 38.13% respectively. After heat treatment, there was an increase in lipid content (1.57 to 2.36%) and a reduction in the levels of ash (0.83 to 1.09%), protein (10.25 to 13.13%) and carbohydrates (25.22 to 28.50%), except for the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar, which had a reduction in lipid content (2.04%) and an increase in protein content (12.94%). It was concluded that the grain from the cowpea cultivars was affected by thermal processing, reducing the levels of ash, protein and carbohydrates, and increasing the lipid content in three of the four cowpea cultivars under study. BRS Tumucumaque was the only cultivar that did not behave in a similar way to the others, with an increase in protein content and a reduction in lipids after heat treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326971
title: Chemical characterization of green grain before and after thermal processing in biofortified cowpea cultivars

description: ABSTRACT The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most widely consumed legumes in the North and Northeast of Brazil, representing an important source of protein, energy, fibre and minerals, in addition to generating employment and income. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, and the effect of thermal processing on the green grain from biofortified cowpea cultivars. Samples of green grain from four cowpea cultivars were analysed, only one not being biofortified (standard). Centesimal composition and total energy value (TEV) were determined before and after thermal processing. The mean values of the characteristics under evaluation were compared by Student's t-test and Tukey's test (. &lt;0.05). Moisture and TEV content in the raw green grain ranged from 58.32 to 60.66% and from 159 to 170 Kcal/100 g (wet basis) respectively. The ash, protein, lipid and carbohydrate (dry basis) content of the raw green grain varied from 1.58 to 1.68%, 11.03 to 13.25%, 1.31 to 2.23%, and 36.11 to 38.13% respectively. After heat treatment, there was an increase in lipid content (1.57 to 2.36%) and a reduction in the levels of ash (0.83 to 1.09%), protein (10.25 to 13.13%) and carbohydrates (25.22 to 28.50%), except for the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar, which had a reduction in lipid content (2.04%) and an increase in protein content (12.94%). It was concluded that the grain from the cowpea cultivars was affected by thermal processing, reducing the levels of ash, protein and carbohydrates, and increasing the lipid content in three of the four cowpea cultivars under study. BRS Tumucumaque was the only cultivar that did not behave in a similar way to the others, with an increase in protein content and a reduction in lipids after heat treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668381
title: Agronomic performance of the cowpea under different irrigation depths and row spacing

description: ABSTRACT The cowpea is of great socioeconomic importance in the North, Northeast and Mid-West of Brazil, and its irrigated farming has recently been on the increase in these regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the cowpea 'BRS Tumucumaque' for different row spacings and irrigation depths, under the conditions of soil and climate of Teresina, in the State of Piauí. The experiment was carried out from August to November 2014, in a Yellow Argisol at the Experimental Area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in subdivided lots, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths (40% ETo, 70% ETo, 100% ETo, 130% ETo and 160% ETo) in the main plot, and four spacings between rows (0.36 m, 0.45 m, 0.60 m and 0.90 m) in the sub-lots. Leaf area index, pod length, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant and grain productivity were evaluated. There was significant interaction (. &lt;0.01) between irrigation depth and row spacing for grain productivity only. There was a significant increasing linear effect (. &lt;0.01) from irrigation depth on pod length, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod. The larger irrigation depths at the smaller row spacings give the greatest grain productivity. With leaf area index, there was a significant effect from irrigation depth and row spacing for the periods under evaluation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668381.v1
title: Agronomic performance of the cowpea under different irrigation depths and row spacing

description: ABSTRACT The cowpea is of great socioeconomic importance in the North, Northeast and Mid-West of Brazil, and its irrigated farming has recently been on the increase in these regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the cowpea 'BRS Tumucumaque' for different row spacings and irrigation depths, under the conditions of soil and climate of Teresina, in the State of Piauí. The experiment was carried out from August to November 2014, in a Yellow Argisol at the Experimental Area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in subdivided lots, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths (40% ETo, 70% ETo, 100% ETo, 130% ETo and 160% ETo) in the main plot, and four spacings between rows (0.36 m, 0.45 m, 0.60 m and 0.90 m) in the sub-lots. Leaf area index, pod length, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant and grain productivity were evaluated. There was significant interaction (. &lt;0.01) between irrigation depth and row spacing for grain productivity only. There was a significant increasing linear effect (. &lt;0.01) from irrigation depth on pod length, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod. The larger irrigation depths at the smaller row spacings give the greatest grain productivity. With leaf area index, there was a significant effect from irrigation depth and row spacing for the periods under evaluation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668150
title: Physiological quality of cowpea seeds for different periods of storage

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological quality in the seeds of four cowpea cultivars during nine months of storage. The cowpea cultivars used were BRS Mazagão, UFRR Grão Verde, Pretinho Precoce 1 and BRS Guariba, produced intercropped with cassava in the experimental area of the Centre for Agrarian Science of the Federal University of Roraima, in Boa Vista. After harvest, the seeds were dried, hand cleaned, placed in PET bottles and stored for nine months at a temperature of 23 ºC and a relative humidity of 60% at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of Embrapa Roraima. Data analysis was carried out in a completely randomised design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with eight replications. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated at the start of storage, and after 3, 6 and 9 months, for germination, first germination count, 1000-seed weight, moisture, electrical conductivity, speed of emergence, seedling field emergence and water gain. Physiological quality in the seeds of BRS Guariba is influenced by the storage period. Irrespective of storage period, seeds of the Mazagão cultivar show superior physiological quality in relation to the other cultivars. Seeds of the BRS Guariba and Grão Verde cultivars show a reduction in physiological quality after three months of storage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668150.v1
title: Physiological quality of cowpea seeds for different periods of storage

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological quality in the seeds of four cowpea cultivars during nine months of storage. The cowpea cultivars used were BRS Mazagão, UFRR Grão Verde, Pretinho Precoce 1 and BRS Guariba, produced intercropped with cassava in the experimental area of the Centre for Agrarian Science of the Federal University of Roraima, in Boa Vista. After harvest, the seeds were dried, hand cleaned, placed in PET bottles and stored for nine months at a temperature of 23 ºC and a relative humidity of 60% at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of Embrapa Roraima. Data analysis was carried out in a completely randomised design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with eight replications. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated at the start of storage, and after 3, 6 and 9 months, for germination, first germination count, 1000-seed weight, moisture, electrical conductivity, speed of emergence, seedling field emergence and water gain. Physiological quality in the seeds of BRS Guariba is influenced by the storage period. Irrespective of storage period, seeds of the Mazagão cultivar show superior physiological quality in relation to the other cultivars. Seeds of the BRS Guariba and Grão Verde cultivars show a reduction in physiological quality after three months of storage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861511
title: Multivariate analyses to establish reference values for soils in Médio Paraíba, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Quality Reference Values (QRVs) for potentially toxic elements are obtained from background levels in soils. However, this determination from mean values or percentiles is not appropriate given the variability in the natural distribution of these elements in soils. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose a new methodology to establish the QRVs, using the Médio Paraíba region (RJ, Brazil) as an example, from groups of soils defined based on the pseudo-total levels of B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn through the use of multivariate analyses and discriminant functions. A total of 40 points, collected at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm, were used for the determination of pseudo-total contents, according to the EPA 3051A methodology. The samples were separated into three groups to better represent the variability of the soils of the region. The classification functions were obtained based on the variables Mn, Fe, and Mg. In general, the groups G1 and G2 presented lower values than the ones obtained when the sample universe was used, whereas G3 presented higher values. The QRVs obtained from the soil groups presented substantial differences that translate into advantages for the management of the contaminated areas of the region.