DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qh47m
title: Data from: Rapid evolution mitigates the ecological consequences of an invasive species (Bythotrephes longimanus) in lakes in Wisconsin

description: Invasive species have extensive negative consequences for biodiversity and
 ecosystem health. Novel species also drive contemporary evolution in many
 native populations, which could mitigate or amplify their impacts on
 ecosystems. The predatory zooplankton Bythotrephes longimanus invaded
 lakes in Wisconsin, USA, in 2009. This invasion caused precipitous
 declines in zooplankton prey (Daphnia pulicaria), with cascading impacts
 on ecosystem services (water clarity). Here, we tested the link between
 Bythotrephes invasion, evolution in Daphnia and post-invasion ecological
 dynamics using 15 years of long-term data in conjunction with comparative
 experiments. Invasion by Bythotrephes is associated with rapid increases
 in the body size of Daphnia. Laboratory experiments revealed that such
 shifts have a genetic component; third-generation laboratory-reared
 Daphnia from ‘invaded’ lakes are significantly larger and exhibit greater
 reproductive effort than individuals from ‘uninvaded’ lakes. This
 trajectory of evolution should accelerate Daphnia population growth and
 enhance population persistence. We tested this prediction by comparing
 analyses of long-term data with laboratory-based simulations, and show
 that rapid evolution in Daphnia is associated with increased population
 growth in invaded lakes.
description: Daphnia_r_field_dataThis file corresponds to the field population growth analyses. Values of r were calculated for Daphnia pulicaria in Lake Mendota (ME) and Lake Monona (MO) for years before (pre) and after (post) invasion by Bythotrephes. The start date is the first day of sampling each year. For example, a sample conducted on February 3 would have a start date = 34. The start density refers to the estimated density of Daphnia on the start date. Sampling was performed by the North Temperate Lakes LTER. All data are available at: https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu/.Multivariate_analysesThis file contains data used in the analyses of correlated ecological variables in Lake Mendota (ME) and Lake Monona (MO). We analyzed 10 variables in total, including Daphnia pulicaria body length. The time period is either before (Pre-invasion) or after (Post-invasion) invasions. The year is also specified. Sampling was performed by the North Temperate Lakes LTER. All data are available at: https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu/.Phenotypic_size_trends_finalThis file corresponds to the analyses of long-term phenotypic trends in Daphnia pulicaria. Status specifies whether Bythotrephes is present (Invaded) or absent (Uninvaded) from a lake. The time period is either before (Pre-invasion) or after (Post-invasion) invasions. The lake and year in which sampling was performed are also specified. AL = Allequash, BM = Big Muskellunge, CB = Crystal Bog, FI = Fish, ME = Mendota, MO = Monona, TB = Trout Bog. Sampling was performed by the North Temperate Lakes LTER. All data are available at: https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu/.Pulicaria_age_clutch_sizeThis file contains data for the age at maturation (in days) and reproduction (clutches 1-4) of Daphnia pulicaria assessed in the common garden experiments. Each observation is specified by the generation (either 1 or 2), lake (of origin), status of the lake (Invaded or Not-invaded), experimental treatment (no predator-NP or predator-P), and the clone.Pulicaria_size_at_maturationThis file contains data for the size at maturation (in millimeters) of Daphnia pulicaria from the common garden experiment. Each observation is specified by the generation, (either 1 or 2), lake (of origin), status of the lake (Invaded or Non-invaded), experimental treatment (no predator-NP or predator-P), and the clone.