DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3bd420c
title: Data from: Local adaptation primes cold-edge populations for range expansion but not warming-induced range shifts

description: According to theory, edge populations may be poised to expand species’
 ranges if they are locally adapted to extreme conditions, or ill-suited to
 colonize beyond-range habitat if their offspring are genetically and
 competitively inferior. We tested these contrasting predictions by
 transplanting low, mid, and high-elevation (edge) populations of an annual
 plant throughout and above its elevational distribution. Seed from
 poor-quality edge habitat had inferior emergence, but edge seeds were also
 locally adapted. High-elevation plants flowered earlier, required less
 heat accumulation to mature seed, and so achieved higher lifetime fitness
 at and above the range edge. Experimental warming improved fitness above
 the range, but eliminated the advantage of local cold-edge populations,
 supporting models in which cold-adapted edge populations do not facilitate
 warming-induced range shifts. The highest above-range fitness was achieved
 by a ‘super edge phenotype’ from a neighboring mountain, suggesting key
 adaptations exist regionally even if absent from local edge populations.
description: HargreavesEcolLett data
 prop&LTFHBPerformance data per
 subplot from HB transect. Data are analysed in the R script 'R
 EcolLett performance HB'. Data contribute to Figs 2-5, Figs S5-S8,
 and Tables S5, S7, S8, S9. Variable names are explained in the R analysis
 code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 prop&LTFNKPerformance data per
 subplot from NK transect. Data are analysed in the R script 'R
 EcolLett performance NK'. Data contribute to Figs 2-5, Figs S5, S7,
 S8, and Tables S5, S7, S8, S9. Variable names are explained in the R
 analysis code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 ltrsHBReproductive performance
 data per plant from HB transect. Data are analysed in the R script 'R
 EcolLett performance HB'. Data contribute to Figs 2-5, Figs S5-S8,
 and Tables S5, S7, S8, S9. Variable names are explained in the R analysis
 code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 ltrsNKReproductive performance
 data per plant from NK transect. Data are analysed in the R script 'R
 EcolLett performance NK'. Data contribute to Figs 2-5, Figs S6, S7,
 S8, and Tables S5, S7, S8, S9. Variable names are explained in the R
 analysis code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 phenologyHBPhenology data per plant
 for each visit from HB transect. Data are analysed in the R script 'R
 EcolLett phenology HB'. Data contribute to Figs 4 (phenology), Figs
 S9 (lifespan/longevity), and Table S6. Variable names are explained in the
 R analysis code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 phenologyNKPhenology data per plant
 for each visit from NK transect. Data are analysed in the R script 'R
 EcolLett phenology NK'. Data contribute to Figs 4 (phenology), Figs
 S9 (lifespan/longevity), and Table S6. Variable names are explained in the
 R analysis code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett
 lambda from matrix modelsResults from matrix
 models estimating lambda (net reproductive rate) for each source at the
 three highest sites on each transect. Data are produced in R script ‘R
 EcolLett matrix models incl Fig S5’. Data contribute to Fig S5. Script
 requires ‘prop&LTF’ data from both transects.HargreavesEcolLett data
 dormancyHBDormancy data per
 subplot from HB. Similar to prop&LTFHB csv but for plots checked after
 their first summer. Data are analysed in the R script R EcolLett matrix
 models incl Fig S5'. Data contribute to Figs S5 and dormancy analyses
 in Supp Mat section 1.6. Variable names are explained in the R analysis
 code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 dormancyNKDormancy data per
 subplot from NK. Similar to prop&LTFNK csv but for plots checked after
 their first summer. Data are analysed in the R script R EcolLett matrix
 models incl Fig S5'. Data contribute to Figs S5 and dormancy analyses
 in Supp Mat section 1.6. Variable names are explained in the R analysis
 code and the paper's metadata file.HargreavesEcolLett data
 dailyTminTmax 2011-14HBDaily temperature
 (degrees C) from each site along the HB transect, summarized to daily
 maximum and minimum temperature. Data are analysed in R script ‘R EcolLett
 climate & GDDbysource incl Fig1 &S2 &S10’ and shown in Fig 4
 (via script ‘R EcolLett Fig 4 (phenology) &S9 (longevity)’). Variable
 names are explained in the R analysis code.HargreavesEcolLett data
 dailyTminTmax 2011-14NKDaily temperature
 (degrees C) from each site along the NK transect, summarized to daily
 maximum and minimum temperature. Data are analysed in R script ‘R EcolLett
 climate & GDDbysource incl Fig1 &S2 &S10’ and shown in Fig 4
 (via script ‘R EcolLett Fig 4 (phenology) &S9 (longevity)’). Variable
 names are explained in the R analysis code.HargreavesEcolLett data
 hobo&ibutton summary by siteGDD & other climate
 data from each site along each transect, summarized to 1 value per
 parameter per year. Data are analysed in R script ‘R EcolLett climate
 & GDDbysource incl Fig1 &S2 &S10’ and shown in Fig 1 and S2.
 Variable names are explained in the R analysis code.HargreavesEcolLett data
 hobo&ibutton summary by sourceMinimum number of GDD
 required by each source to make seed at each within-range site in each
 year. Data are analysed in R script ‘R EcolLett climate & GDDbysource
 incl Fig1 &S2 &S10’ and shown in Fig S10. Variable names are
 explained in the R analysis code.R EcolLett performance
 HBR
 script analysing performance (emergence, survival to reproduction,
 reproductive success, lifetime fitness) along the HB transect. Results in
 Table S7, S8, S9.R EcolLett performance
 NKR
 script analysing performance (emergence, survival to reproduction,
 reproductive success, lifetime fitness) along the NK transect. Results in
 Table S7, S8, S9.R EcolLett Fig 2&3
 (performance) &S7R script creating Fig 2,
 Fig 3, and Fig S7 from performance data.R EcolLett phenology
 HBR
 script analysing phenology (Date emergence, Date 1st flower, longevity)
 along the HB transect. Results in Table S6.R EcolLett phenology
 NKR
 script analysing phenology (Date emergence, Date 1st flower, longevity)
 along the NK transect. Results in Table S6.R EcolLett Fig 4
 (phenology) &S9 (longevity)R script creating Fig 4
 and Fig S9 from phenology data.R EcolLett warming exp
 incl Fig 5R script analysing the
 warming experiment at the three highest sites (ie across R. minor’s
 high-elevation range limit) on each transect, including creating Fig 5.
 Results in Table S9.R EcolLett matrix models
 incl Fig S5R script with matrix
 models that estimate net reproductive rate (lambda) for each source at the
 three highest sites (ie across R. minor’s high-elevation range limit) on
 each transect. Produces the csv ‘HargreavesEcolLett lambda from matrix
 models’ and Fig. S5.R EcolLett Fig S6&S8
 (performance by yr)R script creating Fig S6
 and Fig S8 from performance data, breaking results down by
 year.R EcolLett climate &
 GDDbysource incl Fig1 &S2 &S10R script analysing
 temperature-derived climate data. Produces Fig 1c (gdd by site), Fig S2
 (other climate variables by site) and Fig S10 (minimum GDD needed by each
 source to produce seed at all sites within the range).HargreavesEcolLett Dryad
 metadataMeta data. Includes
 explanations of variable names, individual files, and figure showing how
 they relate to each other and Figures and Tables