cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326469.v1
title: Demonstration of the generation of stationary electromagnetic waves on a coaxial cable

description: Abstract The concepts of stationary waves and normal modes are among the most important concepts of physics, from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. The usual demonstrations of the existence of the normal modes of oscillation consider just mechanical models as, for example, vibrating strings. This communication proposes a simple experiment for produzing and observing electromagnetic stationary waves in a coaxial cable.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326472
title: Classical and quantum stochastic thermodynamics

description: Abstract The stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for the description of systems that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is based on the assumption that the elementary constituents are acted by random forces that generate a stochastic dynamics, which is here represented by a Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. We emphasize the role of the irreversible probability current, the vanishing of which characterizes the thermodynamic equilibrium and yields a special relation between fluctuation and dissipation. The connection to thermodynamics is obtained by the definition of the energy function and the entropy as well as the rate at which entropy is generated. The extension to quantum systems is provided by a quantum evolution equation which is a canonical quantization of the Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. An example of an irreversible systems is presented which shows a nonequilibrium stationary state with an unceasing production of entropy. A relationship between the fluxes and the path integral is also presented.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326474
title: Conceptualization of higher education students on the concept of electric field in Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units on electrostatics

description: Abstract The results of the implementation of a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) for approaching the concept of electric field in electromagnetism subjects at undergraduate level are presented for two groups. One of the groups studied at a southern Brazilian university (18 students), while the second one studied at a northern Brazilian University (11 students). The philosophical and sequential aspects of the PMTU were applied for constructing two PMTUs with 11 classes of 100 minutes each. As theoretical framework for data analysis it was used the theory of conceptual fields. As methodology for data analysis the method of content analysis was used and as inferred variables, the conceptualization forms were considered, that is, the manner by which students used operatory invariants for solving problems. As a main result, it is noticeable the progressivity in conceptualization and occurrence of meaningful learning processes, once new modes of conceptualization nearer from the scientific ones appeared at most times in students’ conceptualizations in the classes of situations presented. As a main conclusion we argue on the evidence of the use of UEPS can provide conditions for occurrence of meaningful learning processes of the concept of electric field in the operatory form of knowledge.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326474.v1
title: Conceptualization of higher education students on the concept of electric field in Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units on electrostatics

description: Abstract The results of the implementation of a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) for approaching the concept of electric field in electromagnetism subjects at undergraduate level are presented for two groups. One of the groups studied at a southern Brazilian university (18 students), while the second one studied at a northern Brazilian University (11 students). The philosophical and sequential aspects of the PMTU were applied for constructing two PMTUs with 11 classes of 100 minutes each. As theoretical framework for data analysis it was used the theory of conceptual fields. As methodology for data analysis the method of content analysis was used and as inferred variables, the conceptualization forms were considered, that is, the manner by which students used operatory invariants for solving problems. As a main result, it is noticeable the progressivity in conceptualization and occurrence of meaningful learning processes, once new modes of conceptualization nearer from the scientific ones appeared at most times in students’ conceptualizations in the classes of situations presented. As a main conclusion we argue on the evidence of the use of UEPS can provide conditions for occurrence of meaningful learning processes of the concept of electric field in the operatory form of knowledge.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326475
title: Development and implementation of a teaching unit based on Just-in-Time Teaching: a study on students' perceptions

description: Abstract In this work, we develop, implement and evaluate a didactic sequence based on the Just-in-Time Teaching active methodology. In this methodology, students perform tasks before the classroom and the teacher structures his class based on the results of activities, especially addressing the difficulties presented. The tasks, in general, are of short duration and involve, in most cases, conceptual and contextualized questions, approaching the student's daily life in different ways. Thereunto, we developed a bibliographic review on JiTT and discussed the construction of ten tasks. Afterwards, we analyzed the implementation in a Physics course undergraduate class. The results found, from the data analysis, point to a good acceptance on the part of the students, promoting the development of a study habit, especially for providing a pre-class study stage. In addition, it potentializes the classroom stage of the class, addressing specific topics. Despite these positive aspects, the excessive workload was mentioned by one student. Finally, we highlight the importance of developing, implementing and evaluating proposals, bringing up discussions that involve changing the student's perception in the teaching and learning process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326475.v1
title: Development and implementation of a teaching unit based on Just-in-Time Teaching: a study on students' perceptions

description: Abstract In this work, we develop, implement and evaluate a didactic sequence based on the Just-in-Time Teaching active methodology. In this methodology, students perform tasks before the classroom and the teacher structures his class based on the results of activities, especially addressing the difficulties presented. The tasks, in general, are of short duration and involve, in most cases, conceptual and contextualized questions, approaching the student's daily life in different ways. Thereunto, we developed a bibliographic review on JiTT and discussed the construction of ten tasks. Afterwards, we analyzed the implementation in a Physics course undergraduate class. The results found, from the data analysis, point to a good acceptance on the part of the students, promoting the development of a study habit, especially for providing a pre-class study stage. In addition, it potentializes the classroom stage of the class, addressing specific topics. Despite these positive aspects, the excessive workload was mentioned by one student. Finally, we highlight the importance of developing, implementing and evaluating proposals, bringing up discussions that involve changing the student's perception in the teaching and learning process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326477
title: National Physics Textbook Program: research grants

description: Abstract The Physics textbook remains one of the main resources used in the Brazilian Public Basic Education, being subject of study of several researches. However, considerations about the national reach of the books selected for analysis are not present in many of these researches, which may hinder or prevent a better interpretation of the results achieved and definition of the criteria for choosing works for analysis. Thus, aiming to provide subsidies to support research on High School Physics textbook, we surveyed the total of collections adopted throughout the Brazilian territory for the 2018-2020 triennium. The data were obtained from the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE), corresponding to the choices made by public schools at the end of 2017. In general, a significant national uniformity was observed, especially in the southeast and northeast areas. One collection, recognized as having a more traditional profile, stood out as the one with the largest number of books adopted in 21 (twenty-one) states.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326477.v1
title: National Physics Textbook Program: research grants

description: Abstract The Physics textbook remains one of the main resources used in the Brazilian Public Basic Education, being subject of study of several researches. However, considerations about the national reach of the books selected for analysis are not present in many of these researches, which may hinder or prevent a better interpretation of the results achieved and definition of the criteria for choosing works for analysis. Thus, aiming to provide subsidies to support research on High School Physics textbook, we surveyed the total of collections adopted throughout the Brazilian territory for the 2018-2020 triennium. The data were obtained from the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE), corresponding to the choices made by public schools at the end of 2017. In general, a significant national uniformity was observed, especially in the southeast and northeast areas. One collection, recognized as having a more traditional profile, stood out as the one with the largest number of books adopted in 21 (twenty-one) states.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326478
title: Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit on Geometric Optics supported by videos, apps and games for smartphones

description: Abstract The profile of students in the era of digital culture has drastically changed, which shifted the elements that enable their engagement to the adopted teaching methods. However, the need to seek meaningful learning of students in this context, capable of overcoming the mechanical learning that rages through the Brazilian educational system, remains. It is important to articulate elements and procedures of both Digital Information and Communication Technologies and active strategies capable of producing meaningful learning. In this paper, we present a didactic sequence about geometric optics that covers a large part of the content usually presented in high school. Smartphone games, apps and videos are used, modulated by the use of a didactic sequence based on Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTU), which articulates meaningful learning in the concrete context of the construction of an instructional material. Mechanisms and strategies that can incorporate active methodologies in the context of PMTU are also referenced. The didactic sequence was applied to a group of high school students and the results are presented, along with a reflexive analysis of the application and suggestions for improvement. Overall, PMTU has produced several indications of meaningful learning and it is believed that from the suggestions for improvement, it is capable of engaging students in more episodes of meaningful learning.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326478.v1
title: Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit on Geometric Optics supported by videos, apps and games for smartphones

description: Abstract The profile of students in the era of digital culture has drastically changed, which shifted the elements that enable their engagement to the adopted teaching methods. However, the need to seek meaningful learning of students in this context, capable of overcoming the mechanical learning that rages through the Brazilian educational system, remains. It is important to articulate elements and procedures of both Digital Information and Communication Technologies and active strategies capable of producing meaningful learning. In this paper, we present a didactic sequence about geometric optics that covers a large part of the content usually presented in high school. Smartphone games, apps and videos are used, modulated by the use of a didactic sequence based on Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTU), which articulates meaningful learning in the concrete context of the construction of an instructional material. Mechanisms and strategies that can incorporate active methodologies in the context of PMTU are also referenced. The didactic sequence was applied to a group of high school students and the results are presented, along with a reflexive analysis of the application and suggestions for improvement. Overall, PMTU has produced several indications of meaningful learning and it is believed that from the suggestions for improvement, it is capable of engaging students in more episodes of meaningful learning.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326480
title: Using Grätzel cells as Arduino-controlled photosensors: proposals for the insertion of nanoscience and nanotechnology in classroom

description: Abstract In this work, the production of Grätzel cells, also called dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), their use as Arduino-controlled photosensors, and their application for the inclusion of nanoscience and nanotechnology in educational activities are reported. Grätzel cells were manufactured using titanium dioxide ( T i O 2 ) nanoparticles, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, KI/I2 solution, graphite, and grape juice as a sensitizer. Among the educational proposals suggested for the integrated use of DSSCs and Arduino, the assembly of a photometer for applications in optics and the construction of a light distance sensor stand out. As a suggestion for further studies, the UV-Vis spectra of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and grape juice were obtained and analyzed in order to illustrate how a deeper understanding of the materials used in DSSCs can provide answers about the mechanisms responsible for the detection properties of Grätzel cells in the context of the nanoscopic world.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326480.v1
title: Using Grätzel cells as Arduino-controlled photosensors: proposals for the insertion of nanoscience and nanotechnology in classroom

description: Abstract In this work, the production of Grätzel cells, also called dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), their use as Arduino-controlled photosensors, and their application for the inclusion of nanoscience and nanotechnology in educational activities are reported. Grätzel cells were manufactured using titanium dioxide ( T i O 2 ) nanoparticles, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, KI/I2 solution, graphite, and grape juice as a sensitizer. Among the educational proposals suggested for the integrated use of DSSCs and Arduino, the assembly of a photometer for applications in optics and the construction of a light distance sensor stand out. As a suggestion for further studies, the UV-Vis spectra of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and grape juice were obtained and analyzed in order to illustrate how a deeper understanding of the materials used in DSSCs can provide answers about the mechanisms responsible for the detection properties of Grätzel cells in the context of the nanoscopic world.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326483
title: Teaching Conceptual Physics – An Experience in a Physics Degree Course

description: In this article, I report the experience with two Conceptual Physics disciplines that have been offered for the Physics course at UFMG, especially for the Degree, since 2006. I describe the motivation for this offer, describe the dynamics used with high student participation, I report the impact it is having on the course and I present some examples of questions discussed in the disciplines. I conclude by defending the importance of these disciplines, mainly, but not exclusively, for the Degree, in order to make a conceptual review of high school physics topics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326483.v1
title: Teaching Conceptual Physics – An Experience in a Physics Degree Course

description: In this article, I report the experience with two Conceptual Physics disciplines that have been offered for the Physics course at UFMG, especially for the Degree, since 2006. I describe the motivation for this offer, describe the dynamics used with high student participation, I report the impact it is having on the course and I present some examples of questions discussed in the disciplines. I conclude by defending the importance of these disciplines, mainly, but not exclusively, for the Degree, in order to make a conceptual review of high school physics topics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326484.v1
title: Teaching wave-particle complementarity using the Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

description: We propose the teaching of wave-particle duality mediated by a software called Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, developed by our research group. We introduce the Dirac’s formalism contextualized on the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, constructing explicitly the operators that represent the action of each device on the interferometer, calculating probability amplitudes on screens. Wave-particle complementarity is explored both in the qualitative and quantitative perspective, using computational simulations provided by the software. By studying concepts such as visibility, predictability and distinguishability, we explore the intermediate interference patterns aiming to expand what has not traditionally been found in textbooks and most courses. With the purpose of illustrating the application of the software in the classroom, the paper presents some didactical situations experienced by students of a physics teacher-training course during a quantum physics class, discussing students’ discursive interactions. The didactical approach to quantum interference phenomena carried out with the software, whether qualitative or quantitative, can promote rich and interesting discussions among students, exploring recent topics of quantum physics and allowing them to have a deeper and articulated understanding of the theory.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326484
title: Teaching wave-particle complementarity using the Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

description: We propose the teaching of wave-particle duality mediated by a software called Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, developed by our research group. We introduce the Dirac’s formalism contextualized on the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, constructing explicitly the operators that represent the action of each device on the interferometer, calculating probability amplitudes on screens. Wave-particle complementarity is explored both in the qualitative and quantitative perspective, using computational simulations provided by the software. By studying concepts such as visibility, predictability and distinguishability, we explore the intermediate interference patterns aiming to expand what has not traditionally been found in textbooks and most courses. With the purpose of illustrating the application of the software in the classroom, the paper presents some didactical situations experienced by students of a physics teacher-training course during a quantum physics class, discussing students’ discursive interactions. The didactical approach to quantum interference phenomena carried out with the software, whether qualitative or quantitative, can promote rich and interesting discussions among students, exploring recent topics of quantum physics and allowing them to have a deeper and articulated understanding of the theory.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326472.v1
title: Classical and quantum stochastic thermodynamics

description: Abstract The stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for the description of systems that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is based on the assumption that the elementary constituents are acted by random forces that generate a stochastic dynamics, which is here represented by a Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. We emphasize the role of the irreversible probability current, the vanishing of which characterizes the thermodynamic equilibrium and yields a special relation between fluctuation and dissipation. The connection to thermodynamics is obtained by the definition of the energy function and the entropy as well as the rate at which entropy is generated. The extension to quantum systems is provided by a quantum evolution equation which is a canonical quantization of the Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. An example of an irreversible systems is presented which shows a nonequilibrium stationary state with an unceasing production of entropy. A relationship between the fluxes and the path integral is also presented.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326487
title: Light interference pattern measurements from automated low-cost Young’s double-slit experiments

description: Young’s double-slit experiment is commonly used in undergraduate physics laboratory to show the wave nature of light. As an alternative to expensive commercial kits, here we present an automated, low–cost light intensity measurement setup that allows real-time visualization of the interference pattern. The light intensity is measured by a light dependent resistor placed on the head of a dot matrix printer. The head motion is controlled by an Arduino which also collects the data and send them to a computer. The interference pattern obtained by the setup is in agreement with a model that includes the degree of the coherence of the light source and the effective size related to the light collecting area of the resistor. The apparatus allows quantitative data analysis from the measured light patterns and is suitable to be used in undergraduate physics laboratories.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326490
title: Speed of sound in metals by the time of flight method

description: Abstract This work proposes a simple instrumentation, intended for experimental high school or undergraduate levels, capable of determining the speed of sound in metal bars through the flight time, i.e., the propagation time of a longitudinal pulse through the bar. The pulse is produced from a disturbance (mechanical shock) at one end of a bar, its speed is obtained by the ratio of the space traveled by the pulse and its propagation time. For steel, the value of 4.7 km/s was found, with 5.3% of total uncertainty in relation to the theoretical value.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326490.v1
title: Speed of sound in metals by the time of flight method

description: Abstract This work proposes a simple instrumentation, intended for experimental high school or undergraduate levels, capable of determining the speed of sound in metal bars through the flight time, i.e., the propagation time of a longitudinal pulse through the bar. The pulse is produced from a disturbance (mechanical shock) at one end of a bar, its speed is obtained by the ratio of the space traveled by the pulse and its propagation time. For steel, the value of 4.7 km/s was found, with 5.3% of total uncertainty in relation to the theoretical value.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326489
title: Design and construction of petal solar reflectors: paraboloid and catenoid

description: Abstract A detailed geometric study is presented of different designs of solar reflectors based on the methodology of petal diagrams. The paraboloid model is analyzed and a new model is introduced, the catenoid, discussing its advantages and disadvantages on a comparative basis. Conventional and optimized designs are presented for both kinds of surfaces, analyzing quantitatively several critical aspects such as focal distance, effective area and number of petals. Criterions and suggestions are offered to select materials and to plan the size of the system according to its purpose. Some constructed models are presented which evince a good convergence of reflected rays.