cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128588.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Short-Term Outcomes for Opiate and Crack Users Accessing Treatment: The Effects of Criminal Justice Referral and Crack Use

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The English drug treatment population doubled in size between 1998 and 2008, increasingly characterised by crack cocaine use and criminal justice system (CJS) referral. We assessed short-term (median 3.5 month) behaviour changes following participation in drug treatment and the moderating effect of CJS referral/crack use. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Opiate and/or crack cocaine users (n = 1,267) were recruited from 342 agencies. Outcome effects were assessed via interaction term regression, clustered at participant level, controlling for client characteristics. Treatment retention effects were tested via Cox proportional hazard models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Statistically significant improvements in health, drug use and offensive behaviour were observed (e.g. heroin use from 87 to 51%, acquisitive offending from 47 to 23%). Referral route was not associated with variation in outcomes. Crack use at baseline was associated with a greater chance of non-fatal overdose at follow-up (p = 0.035, 95% CI 1.08-8.20) but a greater reduction in offending income (p = 0.002, 95% CI £104-£419). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite changes in the English drug treatment population, equivalent short-term improvements in client behaviour were observed a decade earlier. Outcomes for CJS-referred clients were comparable to non-CJS. Crack use at treatment entry offered some scope for greater improvements in offending but may be a barrier to cessation of mortality-associated risky behaviour.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128573
title: Supplementary Material for: Differential Functional Connectivity Correlates of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by two cardinal pathologies, which have different topological distributions. The differential anatomical distributions of these pathologies raise the possibility that they exert differential effects on brain networks. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of the cardinal pathologies have differential relationships with functional connectivity networks in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty-nine participants underwent CSF sampling and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Functional connectivity networks were computed for each participant. CSF biomarker levels of p-tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) were regressed onto these networks to identify subnetworks associated with each biomarker. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A subnetwork associated with tau-related pathology was identified with its hub in the right anterior entorhinal cortex. A separate subnetwork associated with Aβ with its hub in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was identified. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These results demonstrate the differential effects of AD biomarkers on functional connectivity networks, supporting a possible division of labour between the cardinal pathologies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128576.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Differentiating Glomerular Inflammation from Fibrosis in a Bone Marrow Chimera for Rat Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Many types of glomerulonephritis (GN) undergo tandem connected phases: inflammation and fibrosis. Fibrosis in human GNs leads to irreversible end-stage disease. This study investigated how these 2 phases were controlled. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a rat anti-glomerular basement membrane GN model, we established bone marrow (BM) chimeras between GN-resistant Lewis (LEW) and GN-susceptible Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Glomerular inflammation and fibrosis were compared between chimeras. <b><i>Results:</i></b> LEW's BM to WKY chimeras with or without co-transfer of host WKY's T cells were GN-resistant. On the other hand, WKY's BM to LEW (LEW<sup>WKY</sup>) chimeras developed glomerular inflammation and albuminuria upon immunization. Quantitative analysis showed that the number and composition of inflammatory cells in glomeruli of immunized LEW<sup>WKY</sup> chimeras were similar to those in immunized WKY rats at their inflammatory peak. Thus, glomerular inflammation was controlled by BM-derived non-T cell populations. However, unlike WKY rats, LEW<sup>WKY</sup> rats did not develop fibrosis until the end of experiments (84 days) in spite of persistent inflammation and albuminuria. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Inflammation alone was not sufficient to trigger fibrosis, suggesting a critical role of glomerular cells in the fibrotic process. As LEW<sup>WKY</sup> chimera allows us to separate glomerular inflammation from fibrosis, this model provides a useful tool to study how fibrosis is initiated following inflammation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128564
title: Supplementary Material for: Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Modulates Cardiac Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Inflammatory Cytokines in Heart Failure

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Heart failure (HF) affects cardiac metabolism and inflammation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in cardiac pathophysiology. This study investigated whether HDAC inhibition can regulate HF by modifying cardiac inflammation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Echocardiography, electrocardiography, ELISA and Western blot were performed in rats with isoproterenol-induced HF, with and without orally administered MPT0E014 (a novel HDAC inhibitor, 50 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The left ventricles (LVs) of HF rats expressed significantly higher levels of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 than the healthy LVs did. HF rats treated with MPT0E014 exhibited improved cardiac fraction shortening with reducing chamber size. The MPT0E014-treated HF LVs exhibited a smaller increase in the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, p22, SMAD2/3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, PPAR isoforms and circulatory tumor growth factor-β1 than the untreated HF LVs did. Moreover, MPT0E014-treated HF LVs expressed less fibroblast growth factor receptor than untreated HF LVs did. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> HDAC inhibition can improve cardiac function and attenuate the effects of HF on cardiac metabolism and inflammation, which might contribute to the beneficial effects of HDAC inhibition in HF.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128567
title: Supplementary Material for: Reviewing the Osteotropism in Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) metastasize to the bone. However, the incidence, clinical features, management and pathogenesis of bone involvement in NET patients have been poorly investigated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We reviewed all published reports of histologically confirmed bone metastatic NETs and explored clinical, radiological, prognostic and therapeutic characteristics in a population of 152 patients. We then evaluated immunohistochemical expression of a panel of eight epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors including SNAIL, TGF-β1, CTGF, IL-11, PTHrP, EpCAM, CXCR4 and RANK in an independent cohort of 44 archival primary NETs. Biomarker expression was correlated with clinicopathological variables, including skeletal involvement, and tested for survival prediction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that 55% of NET patients with bone metastases were male, with a median age of 55 years at diagnosis. Metastases were restricted to the skeleton in 34% of the NET population, and axial and osteoblastic lesions were prevalent. NETs differently expressed proteins involved in EMT activation. High CXCR4 (p &lt; 0.0001) and low TGF-β1 levels (p = 0.0015) were significantly associated with increased risk of skeletal metastases, suggesting that EMT is implicated in NET osteotropism. By applying an algorithm measuring distinct immunohistochemical predictors of osteotropism on primary tumors, we were able to identify NET patients with bone metastases with a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 100%, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). Patients whose primary tumors expressed CTGF (p = 0.0007) as well as the truncated form of EpCAM (p = 0.06) showed shorter survival. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although underestimated, bone metastases are a prominent feature of NETs, and the tumor expression of EMT markers at diagnosis may predict concurrent or subsequent skeleton colonization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128570
title: Supplementary Material for: Colour Vision in Stargardt Disease

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate the type and severity of acquired colour vision deficiencies (CVDs) in molecularly proven Stargardt disease (STD) and to establish whether a relationship exists between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and full-field electroretinography (ffERG), and the degree of CVD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 73 patients with a molecularly proven diagnosis of STD, who underwent extensive colour vision evaluation, using pseudo-isochromatic and arrangement tests. Thirteen patients underwent Nagel anomaloscopy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Normal colour vision was found in almost 20% of patients. Red/green (R/G) CVDs increased as BCVA declined. About 45% of all R/G CVDs were of the deutan type, although protan type CVDs became progressively apparent when moving from the high to the low BCVA group. An additional blue/yellow CVD was noted in about 25% of patients. In 10/13 patients, a pseudoprotanomaly was noted on anomaloscopy. Severe CVDs leading to scotopization were noted in patients with low BCVA and/or long-standing disease. No statistically significant differences in ERG results were found between groups with or without a CVD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The degree and type of colour vision deficiency in STD patients correlate better with BCVA than with ffERG results. The presence of specific CVDs may help to establish a diagnosis of STD. A battery of colour vision tests is required to properly evaluate CVDs in STD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128570.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Colour Vision in Stargardt Disease

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate the type and severity of acquired colour vision deficiencies (CVDs) in molecularly proven Stargardt disease (STD) and to establish whether a relationship exists between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and full-field electroretinography (ffERG), and the degree of CVD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 73 patients with a molecularly proven diagnosis of STD, who underwent extensive colour vision evaluation, using pseudo-isochromatic and arrangement tests. Thirteen patients underwent Nagel anomaloscopy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Normal colour vision was found in almost 20% of patients. Red/green (R/G) CVDs increased as BCVA declined. About 45% of all R/G CVDs were of the deutan type, although protan type CVDs became progressively apparent when moving from the high to the low BCVA group. An additional blue/yellow CVD was noted in about 25% of patients. In 10/13 patients, a pseudoprotanomaly was noted on anomaloscopy. Severe CVDs leading to scotopization were noted in patients with low BCVA and/or long-standing disease. No statistically significant differences in ERG results were found between groups with or without a CVD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The degree and type of colour vision deficiency in STD patients correlate better with BCVA than with ffERG results. The presence of specific CVDs may help to establish a diagnosis of STD. A battery of colour vision tests is required to properly evaluate CVDs in STD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128579.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Prognostic Impact of the ABCC11/MRP8 Polymorphism in Adjuvant Oral Chemotherapy with S-1 for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Postoperative 1-year administration of S-1, an oral derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was shown to be feasible in lung cancer. The 5-year survival rates of postoperative patients treated with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy and the prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors were examined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The data of 50 patients with curatively resected pathological stage IB to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer, who were treated with S-1 postoperatively, were analyzed. The prognostic impacts of 22 clinicopathological factors including expressions of the 5-FU pathway enzymes were evaluated. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), i.e. 538G&gt;A (rs17822931), of ABCC11/MRP8, which encodes a 5-FU excretion enzyme that is known as an earwax type determinant, was also evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 72.5 and 67.5%, respectively. A performance status ≥1, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, and the A/A type of SNP538, which is responsible for the dry earwax type, were significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survivals. In 34 patients who showed a relative performance of 70% or more for chemotherapy, multivariate survival analysis indicated significant hazard ratios only for the A/A type of SNP538 (p = 0.007).<b><i> Conclusions:</i></b> S-1 has sufficient power as adjuvant chemotherapy. However, its effect might be small in the dry earwax type patient group in an adjuvant setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128564.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Modulates Cardiac Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Inflammatory Cytokines in Heart Failure

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Heart failure (HF) affects cardiac metabolism and inflammation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in cardiac pathophysiology. This study investigated whether HDAC inhibition can regulate HF by modifying cardiac inflammation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Echocardiography, electrocardiography, ELISA and Western blot were performed in rats with isoproterenol-induced HF, with and without orally administered MPT0E014 (a novel HDAC inhibitor, 50 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The left ventricles (LVs) of HF rats expressed significantly higher levels of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 than the healthy LVs did. HF rats treated with MPT0E014 exhibited improved cardiac fraction shortening with reducing chamber size. The MPT0E014-treated HF LVs exhibited a smaller increase in the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, p22, SMAD2/3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, PPAR isoforms and circulatory tumor growth factor-β1 than the untreated HF LVs did. Moreover, MPT0E014-treated HF LVs expressed less fibroblast growth factor receptor than untreated HF LVs did. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> HDAC inhibition can improve cardiac function and attenuate the effects of HF on cardiac metabolism and inflammation, which might contribute to the beneficial effects of HDAC inhibition in HF.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128555
title: Supplementary Material for: Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in Patients with Lung Cancer Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

description: Selecting the proper treatment strategy for locally advanced lung cancer, such as T4 tumors, is difficult. Therefore, obtaining an accurate diagnosis of T4 tumors is required. It can be difficult to determine whether the tumor invades adjacent structures. We describe the case of a patient easily diagnosed to be without aortic invasion using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We herein report the case of an 80-year-old male who presented a lung tumor. The transbronchial lung washing cytology findings were consistent with those of adenocarcinoma. In addition, the computed tomography findings indicated suspected aortic invasion of the lung tumor, as the mass girdled the descending aorta beyond 120° adjoining at a length of 10 cm. However, cine MRI display clearly demonstrated a clear area of isolation between the aorta and lung tissue based on differences in the heart rhythm from the patient's respiratory movements. Therefore, the lesion was clinically diagnosed as a stage IIB (T3N0M0) tumor. Radiation was administered due to the patient's advanced age and comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He remains alive without disease progression 6 months after the therapy. Our findings, therefore, indicate the usefulness of easily diagnosing the absence of aortic invasion in patients with lung cancer using cine MRI without the need for a special software program.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128558
title: Supplementary Material for: Significance of miR-148a in Colorectal Neoplasia: Downregulation of miR-148a Contributes to the Carcinogenesis and Cell Invasion of Colorectal Cancer

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through the deregulation of gene expression and the accumulation of epigenetic abnormalities, leading to tumor cell acquisition of malignant features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in cancer development, where they can act as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> miR-148a expression was measured by qRT-PCR in patients with colorectal adenoma (n = 21) and CRC (stage I-IV, n = 159) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. In situ hybridization (ISH) using an miR-148a-specific probe was also performed. To further confirm the direct effect of miR-148a on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)7 expression in CRC, MTT and cell invasion assays using HT29 and WiDr cells were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> miR-148a expression was found to be clearly downregulated in high-grade adenoma compared to low-grade adenoma on both qRT-PCR and ISH analysis. Downregulation of miR-148a expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and was an independent prognostic classifier in patients with stage III CRC. In CRC cells and tissues, miR-148a expression was inversely correlated with the expression of MMP7. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We showed the collaborative participation of miR-148a and MMP7 in CRC cell invasion. These results also demonstrate that the downregulation of miR-148a expression promotes CRC progression, especially carcinogenesis and cancer cell invasion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128561
title: Supplementary Material for: Associations between Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Childhood and Overweight up to 12 Years Later in a Low Exposed Danish Population

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have metabolic disrupting abilities and are suggested to contribute to the obesity epidemic. We investigated whether serum concentrations of POPs at 8-10 years of age were associated with subsequent development of overweight at age 14-16 and 20-22 years. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>The study was based on data from the European Youth Heart Study, Danish component (1997). Concentrations of several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the organochlorine pesticides p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in serum from children aged 8-10 years (n = 509). Information on BMI z-scores, waist circumference and % body fat were collected at clinical examinations at ages 8-10, 14-16 and 20-22 years. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed taking potential confounders into account. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Overall, POP serum concentrations were low: median ΣPCB 0.18 µg/g lipid, DDE 0.04 µg/g lipid and HCB 0.03 µg/g lipid. POPs were generally not associated with weight gain at 14-16 and 20-22 years of age, except for an inverse association among the highest exposed girls at 20-22 years of age, which might possibly be explained by multiple testing or residual confounding. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>This study suggests that, in a low exposed population, childhood serum concentrations of PCB, DDE, and HCB are not associated with subsequent weight gain.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128552
title: Supplementary Material for: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Dialyzability and Outcomes in Older Patients Receiving Hemodialysis

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Some angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are efficiently removed from circulation by hemodialysis (‘high dialyzability'), whereas others are not (‘low dialyzability'). In patients receiving hemodialysis, this may influence the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using linked healthcare databases we identified older patients receiving chronic hemodialysis who filled new ACE inhibitor prescriptions. The low dialyzability group (n = 3,369) included fosinopril and ramipril. The high dialyzability group (n = 5,974) included enalapril, lisinopril, and perindopril. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 180 days of first ACE inhibitor prescription. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 361 deaths among 5,974 patients (6.0%) prescribed with low dialyzability ACE inhibitors and 179 deaths among 3,369 patients (5.3%) prescribed with high dialyzability ACE inhibitors (relative risk 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.3, p = 0.6). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this study of older patients receiving hemodialysis, the dialyzability of ACE inhibitors was not associated with mortality or cardiovascular outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128558.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Significance of miR-148a in Colorectal Neoplasia: Downregulation of miR-148a Contributes to the Carcinogenesis and Cell Invasion of Colorectal Cancer

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through the deregulation of gene expression and the accumulation of epigenetic abnormalities, leading to tumor cell acquisition of malignant features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in cancer development, where they can act as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> miR-148a expression was measured by qRT-PCR in patients with colorectal adenoma (n = 21) and CRC (stage I-IV, n = 159) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. In situ hybridization (ISH) using an miR-148a-specific probe was also performed. To further confirm the direct effect of miR-148a on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)7 expression in CRC, MTT and cell invasion assays using HT29 and WiDr cells were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> miR-148a expression was found to be clearly downregulated in high-grade adenoma compared to low-grade adenoma on both qRT-PCR and ISH analysis. Downregulation of miR-148a expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and was an independent prognostic classifier in patients with stage III CRC. In CRC cells and tissues, miR-148a expression was inversely correlated with the expression of MMP7. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We showed the collaborative participation of miR-148a and MMP7 in CRC cell invasion. These results also demonstrate that the downregulation of miR-148a expression promotes CRC progression, especially carcinogenesis and cancer cell invasion.