DOI: 10.5061/dryad.123t3gr
title: Data from: Ocean warming and acidification alter the behavioural response to flow of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

description: Ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) are intensively investigated as
 they pose major threats to marine organism. However, little effort is
 dedicated to another collateral climate change stressor, the increased
 frequency and intensity of storm events, here referred to as intensified
 hydrodynamics. A 2-month experiment was performed to identify how OW and
 OA (temperature: 21°C; pHT: 7.7, 7.4; control: 17°C-pHT7.9) affect the
 resistance to hydrodynamics in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus using
 an integrative approach that includes physiology, biomechanics and
 behaviour. Biomechanics was studied under both no-flow condition at the
 tube foot (TF) scale and flow condition at the individual scale. For the
 former, TF disk adhesive properties (attachment strength, tenacity) and TF
 stem mechanical properties (breaking force, extensibility, tensile
 strength, stiffness, toughness) were evaluated. For the latter, resistance
 to flow was addressed as the flow velocity at which individuals detached.
 Under near- and far-future OW and OA, individuals fully balanced their
 acid-base status, but skeletal growth was halved. TF adhesive properties
 were not affected by treatments. Compared to the control, mechanical
 properties were in general improved under pHT7.7 while in the extreme
 treatment (21°C-pHT7.4) breaking force was diminished. Three behavioural
 strategies were implemented by sea urchins and acted together to cope with
 flow: improving TF attachment, streamlining and escaping. Behavioural
 responses varied according to treatment and flow velocity. For instance,
 individuals at 21°C-pHT7.4 increased the density of attached TF at slow
 flows or, controlled TF detachment at fast flow to compensate for weakened
 TF mechanical properties. They also showed an absence of streamlining
 favouring an escaping behaviour as they ventured in a riskier faster
 movement at slow flows. At faster flows, the effects of OW and OA were
 detrimental causing earlier dislodgment. These plastic behaviours reflect
 a potential scope for acclimation in the field, where this species already
 experiences diel temperature and pH fluctuations.
description: data_Cohen-Rengifo et
 al_Ocean warming and acidification alter the behavioural response to flow
 of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividusIn September 2014, 216
 sea urchins were hand-collected from intertidal pools in Aber beach
 (48°14'15"N 4°27'18"W), France. Fifty four sea urchins
 were employed to monitor physiological state and another 54 to measure
 biomechanics under no-flow conditions at week 1 (w1) and 8 (w8). Another
 108 sea urchins were employed to evaluate morphology, biomechanics and
 behaviour under flow conditions at week 12. Unprocessed data is arranged
 in 4 data sheets: physiology, biomechanics, morphology and
 behaviour_detachment while processed data is arranged in 2 data sheets:
 growth and biomechanics. The following table shows, per data sheet, the
 variables measured together with their units and abbreviations. The
 corresponding abbreviation in the manuscript are also
 shown.data_Cohen-Rengifo_ClimateChange_Flow.xlsx