cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012329
title: Values of various parameters during the C-MOT stage

description: <b>Table 1.</b> Values of various parameters during the C-MOT stage. δ<sub><em>C</em></sub>, δ<sub><em>R</em></sub> are the cooling and repump detuning, <em>I<sub>C</sub></em>, <em>I<sub>R</sub></em> and <em>I<sub>S</sub></em> are the cooling, repump and the saturation intensity respectively. <strong>Abstract</strong> We report the rapid accelerated thermalization of potassium (<sup>39</sup>K) atoms loaded in a magnetic trap, in the presence of a single dipole trap beam. More than an order of magnitude reduction in the thermalization time, to less than a second, is observed with the focused off-resonant beam occupying only 0.01% of the volume of the magnetic trap. A new method for testing for thermalization of relatively hot clouds is devised. The cold atoms are loaded from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of <sup>39</sup>K that has gone through a compressed MOT and sub-Doppler cooling stage. The atoms are prepared in the magnetically stretched |<em>F</em> = 2, <em>m<sub>F</sub></em> = 2〉 state prior to loading into the hybrid trap. We also report a direct loading of <sup>39</sup>K atoms, prepared in the state |<em>F</em> = 1〉, into a single beam dipole trap.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012330
title: Values of various parameters during the sub-Doppler cooling stage

description: <b>Table 2.</b> Values of various parameters during the sub-Doppler cooling stage. <strong>Abstract</strong> We report the rapid accelerated thermalization of potassium (<sup>39</sup>K) atoms loaded in a magnetic trap, in the presence of a single dipole trap beam. More than an order of magnitude reduction in the thermalization time, to less than a second, is observed with the focused off-resonant beam occupying only 0.01% of the volume of the magnetic trap. A new method for testing for thermalization of relatively hot clouds is devised. The cold atoms are loaded from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of <sup>39</sup>K that has gone through a compressed MOT and sub-Doppler cooling stage. The atoms are prepared in the magnetically stretched |<em>F</em> = 2, <em>m<sub>F</sub></em> = 2〉 state prior to loading into the hybrid trap. We also report a direct loading of <sup>39</sup>K atoms, prepared in the state |<em>F</em> = 1〉, into a single beam dipole trap.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012329.v1
title: Values of various parameters during the C-MOT stage

description: <b>Table 1.</b> Values of various parameters during the C-MOT stage. δ<sub><em>C</em></sub>, δ<sub><em>R</em></sub> are the cooling and repump detuning, <em>I<sub>C</sub></em>, <em>I<sub>R</sub></em> and <em>I<sub>S</sub></em> are the cooling, repump and the saturation intensity respectively. <strong>Abstract</strong> We report the rapid accelerated thermalization of potassium (<sup>39</sup>K) atoms loaded in a magnetic trap, in the presence of a single dipole trap beam. More than an order of magnitude reduction in the thermalization time, to less than a second, is observed with the focused off-resonant beam occupying only 0.01% of the volume of the magnetic trap. A new method for testing for thermalization of relatively hot clouds is devised. The cold atoms are loaded from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of <sup>39</sup>K that has gone through a compressed MOT and sub-Doppler cooling stage. The atoms are prepared in the magnetically stretched |<em>F</em> = 2, <em>m<sub>F</sub></em> = 2〉 state prior to loading into the hybrid trap. We also report a direct loading of <sup>39</sup>K atoms, prepared in the state |<em>F</em> = 1〉, into a single beam dipole trap.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012330.v1
title: Values of various parameters during the sub-Doppler cooling stage

description: <b>Table 2.</b> Values of various parameters during the sub-Doppler cooling stage. <strong>Abstract</strong> We report the rapid accelerated thermalization of potassium (<sup>39</sup>K) atoms loaded in a magnetic trap, in the presence of a single dipole trap beam. More than an order of magnitude reduction in the thermalization time, to less than a second, is observed with the focused off-resonant beam occupying only 0.01% of the volume of the magnetic trap. A new method for testing for thermalization of relatively hot clouds is devised. The cold atoms are loaded from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of <sup>39</sup>K that has gone through a compressed MOT and sub-Doppler cooling stage. The atoms are prepared in the magnetically stretched |<em>F</em> = 2, <em>m<sub>F</sub></em> = 2〉 state prior to loading into the hybrid trap. We also report a direct loading of <sup>39</sup>K atoms, prepared in the state |<em>F</em> = 1〉, into a single beam dipole trap.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012278
title: Characterization of the Ti Kβ spectral profile

description: <b>Table 2.</b> Characterization of the Ti Kβ spectral profile. The profile is fully characterized on an absolute energy scale through a sum of component Lorentzians convolved with a Gaussian instrumental broadening. Integrated areas <em>A<sub>i</sub></em>, centroids <em>C<sub>i</sub></em> and FWHMs <em>W<sub>i</sub></em> of individual components were obtained from a fit of intensity against detector position. The detector position axis was transformed to an absolute energy scale via the calibration procedure. The Gaussian width σ = 1.244(41) eV. The background was <em>B</em> = 831(26) counts. The second and third components are dominant, contributing more than three quarters of the intensity of the spectrum while the fourth component is very weak. The third and fourth component widths are dominated by the Gaussian instrumental width. The first component is very broad relative to the entire Kβ spectrum. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012279
title: Error budget for the peak energy of all the spectral profiles of Ti Kβ that go into the final energy determination

description: <b>Table 3.</b> Error budget for the peak energy of all the spectral profiles of Ti Kβ that go into the final energy determination. Since the resultant determined energies show evidence of additional variance, the final energy determination has a larger uncertainty that this ideal 1.6 ppm for an individual spectrum. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012279.v1
title: Error budget for the peak energy of all the spectral profiles of Ti Kβ that go into the final energy determination

description: <b>Table 3.</b> Error budget for the peak energy of all the spectral profiles of Ti Kβ that go into the final energy determination. Since the resultant determined energies show evidence of additional variance, the final energy determination has a larger uncertainty that this ideal 1.6 ppm for an individual spectrum. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012280
title: The full characterization of the V Kβ spectral profile on an absolute energy scale

description: <b>Table 4.</b> The full characterization of the V Kβ spectral profile on an absolute energy scale. The parameters in this table are used in equation (5). Amplitudes <em>A<sub>i</sub></em>, centroids <em>C<sub>i</sub></em> and widths <em>W<sub>i</sub></em> of individual components were obtained from a fit on the intensity versus detector position axis. The detector position axis was transformed to an absolute energy scale via the calibration procedure. The Gaussian width σ was 0.805(25) eV. The background was 749(24) counts. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012277
title: Characteristic radiation peak energy data from Chantler <em>et al</em> [19] and Deslattes <em>et al</em> [6]

description: <b>Table 1.</b> Characteristic radiation peak energy data from Chantler <em>et al</em> [19] and Deslattes <em>et al</em> [6]. The peak energy of the Kβ radiation has a larger uncertainty than for Kα radiation by an order of magnitude. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012277.v1
title: Characteristic radiation peak energy data from Chantler <em>et al</em> [19] and Deslattes <em>et al</em> [6]

description: <b>Table 1.</b> Characteristic radiation peak energy data from Chantler <em>et al</em> [19] and Deslattes <em>et al</em> [6]. The peak energy of the Kβ radiation has a larger uncertainty than for Kα radiation by an order of magnitude. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012280.v1
title: The full characterization of the V Kβ spectral profile on an absolute energy scale

description: <b>Table 4.</b> The full characterization of the V Kβ spectral profile on an absolute energy scale. The parameters in this table are used in equation (5). Amplitudes <em>A<sub>i</sub></em>, centroids <em>C<sub>i</sub></em> and widths <em>W<sub>i</sub></em> of individual components were obtained from a fit on the intensity versus detector position axis. The detector position axis was transformed to an absolute energy scale via the calibration procedure. The Gaussian width σ was 0.805(25) eV. The background was 749(24) counts. <strong>Abstract</strong> Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012262
title: The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates

description: <b>Table 3.</b> The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates. <strong>Abstract</strong> We use a general formulation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in which the gauge freedom is carried by the arbitrary transverse component of the Green's function for the divergence operator to calculate the natural lineshape of spontaneous emission, thus discerning the full dependence of the result on the choice of gauge. We also use a representation of the Hamiltonian in which the virtual field associated with the atomic ground state is explicitly absent. We consider two processes by which the atom is excited; the first is resonant absorption of incident radiation with a sharp line. This treatment is then adapted to derive a resonance fluorescence rate associated with the Lamb line in atomic hydrogen. Second we consider the atom's excitation due to irradiation with a laser pulse treated semi-classically. An experiment could be used to reveal which of the calculated lineshape distributions is closest to the measured one. This would provide an answer to a question of fundamental importance; how does one best describe atom–radiation interactions with the canonical formalism?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012261
title: The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates

description: <b>Table 2.</b> The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates. <strong>Abstract</strong> We use a general formulation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in which the gauge freedom is carried by the arbitrary transverse component of the Green's function for the divergence operator to calculate the natural lineshape of spontaneous emission, thus discerning the full dependence of the result on the choice of gauge. We also use a representation of the Hamiltonian in which the virtual field associated with the atomic ground state is explicitly absent. We consider two processes by which the atom is excited; the first is resonant absorption of incident radiation with a sharp line. This treatment is then adapted to derive a resonance fluorescence rate associated with the Lamb line in atomic hydrogen. Second we consider the atom's excitation due to irradiation with a laser pulse treated semi-classically. An experiment could be used to reveal which of the calculated lineshape distributions is closest to the measured one. This would provide an answer to a question of fundamental importance; how does one best describe atom–radiation interactions with the canonical formalism?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012260
title: The frequency dependence of the lineshape numerator |<em>U<sub>fi</sub></em>(ω<sub><em>f</em></sub>)|<sup>2</sup> of equation (9) in different representations

description: <b>Table 1.</b> The frequency dependence of the lineshape numerator |<em>U<sub>fi</sub></em>(ω<sub><em>f</em></sub>)|<sup>2</sup> of equation (9) in different representations. <strong>Abstract</strong> We use a general formulation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in which the gauge freedom is carried by the arbitrary transverse component of the Green's function for the divergence operator to calculate the natural lineshape of spontaneous emission, thus discerning the full dependence of the result on the choice of gauge. We also use a representation of the Hamiltonian in which the virtual field associated with the atomic ground state is explicitly absent. We consider two processes by which the atom is excited; the first is resonant absorption of incident radiation with a sharp line. This treatment is then adapted to derive a resonance fluorescence rate associated with the Lamb line in atomic hydrogen. Second we consider the atom's excitation due to irradiation with a laser pulse treated semi-classically. An experiment could be used to reveal which of the calculated lineshape distributions is closest to the measured one. This would provide an answer to a question of fundamental importance; how does one best describe atom–radiation interactions with the canonical formalism?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012261.v1
title: The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates

description: <b>Table 2.</b> The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates. <strong>Abstract</strong> We use a general formulation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in which the gauge freedom is carried by the arbitrary transverse component of the Green's function for the divergence operator to calculate the natural lineshape of spontaneous emission, thus discerning the full dependence of the result on the choice of gauge. We also use a representation of the Hamiltonian in which the virtual field associated with the atomic ground state is explicitly absent. We consider two processes by which the atom is excited; the first is resonant absorption of incident radiation with a sharp line. This treatment is then adapted to derive a resonance fluorescence rate associated with the Lamb line in atomic hydrogen. Second we consider the atom's excitation due to irradiation with a laser pulse treated semi-classically. An experiment could be used to reveal which of the calculated lineshape distributions is closest to the measured one. This would provide an answer to a question of fundamental importance; how does one best describe atom–radiation interactions with the canonical formalism?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012262.v1
title: The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates

description: <b>Table 3.</b> The frequency dependence of the different resonance fluorescence rates. <strong>Abstract</strong> We use a general formulation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in which the gauge freedom is carried by the arbitrary transverse component of the Green's function for the divergence operator to calculate the natural lineshape of spontaneous emission, thus discerning the full dependence of the result on the choice of gauge. We also use a representation of the Hamiltonian in which the virtual field associated with the atomic ground state is explicitly absent. We consider two processes by which the atom is excited; the first is resonant absorption of incident radiation with a sharp line. This treatment is then adapted to derive a resonance fluorescence rate associated with the Lamb line in atomic hydrogen. Second we consider the atom's excitation due to irradiation with a laser pulse treated semi-classically. An experiment could be used to reveal which of the calculated lineshape distributions is closest to the measured one. This would provide an answer to a question of fundamental importance; how does one best describe atom–radiation interactions with the canonical formalism?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012260.v1
title: The frequency dependence of the lineshape numerator |<em>U<sub>fi</sub></em>(ω<sub><em>f</em></sub>)|<sup>2</sup> of equation (9) in different representations

description: <b>Table 1.</b> The frequency dependence of the lineshape numerator |<em>U<sub>fi</sub></em>(ω<sub><em>f</em></sub>)|<sup>2</sup> of equation (9) in different representations. <strong>Abstract</strong> We use a general formulation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in which the gauge freedom is carried by the arbitrary transverse component of the Green's function for the divergence operator to calculate the natural lineshape of spontaneous emission, thus discerning the full dependence of the result on the choice of gauge. We also use a representation of the Hamiltonian in which the virtual field associated with the atomic ground state is explicitly absent. We consider two processes by which the atom is excited; the first is resonant absorption of incident radiation with a sharp line. This treatment is then adapted to derive a resonance fluorescence rate associated with the Lamb line in atomic hydrogen. Second we consider the atom's excitation due to irradiation with a laser pulse treated semi-classically. An experiment could be used to reveal which of the calculated lineshape distributions is closest to the measured one. This would provide an answer to a question of fundamental importance; how does one best describe atom–radiation interactions with the canonical formalism?