cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5669281.v1
title: Planning and implementation of a selective waste collection program: using a geographical information system to calculate the routes

description: Abstract With the National Policy on Solid Waste it has become mandatory to implement selective waste collection programs and that such programs should be efficient. In both implementation and improvement of the selective waste collection programs that already exist, we must consider mainly three questions: who will act as the collection agent; which selective waste collection model will be used and how to effectively plan the collection routes. One way to optimize the collection routes is using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Therefore, in this paper it has been planned and implemented a selective waste collection in São Lourenço, Minas Gerais, using a GIS to calculate the routes. Today, there are two collection routes working, allowing the whole population of the city to be served by the selective waste collection program. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the door-to-door collection mode is not the optimal in the beginning of the implementation, and the awareness from the population was the main barrier in the implementation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14328768.v1
title: Design and optimization of novel in situ gel of mercaptopurine for sustained drug delivery

description: Mercaptopurine is a purine antagonist, belonging to the class of antimetabolites. Its oral absorption is erratic and variable throughout GIT, with bioavailability of 5-37% and belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class IV. The focus of the present study was to improve solubility of mercaptopurine and to release the drug uniformly throughout the GIT by formulating into a novel in situ gel tablet. By in vitro swelling studies, xanthan gum was selected as the best gelling polymer and the tablets were prepared by direct compression. Sodium chloride was used as a release modifier to improve the release of drug from the tablet. A 32 full factorial design was applied to optimize the percentage of xanthan gum and sodium chloride to get desired swelling index and release profile. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content, in vitro swelling studies and in vitro dissolution studies. The best optimized formulation showed good swelling index and extended the release up to 12 h, where as conventional tablet released the drug within 45 min. The results indicate that mercaptopurine loaded in situ gel tablet could be effective in sustaining drug release for a prolonged period of time throughout the GIT, which can possibly improve the oral bioavailability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14328567.v1
title: Telling stories: Membership Categorization and Instructions-in-Action in a teaching-learning environment of Portuguese as an Additional Language (PAL)

description: ABSTRACT This study analyses interactions among participants in a story-telling course of PAL, offered as an elective course in a university located in Mainland China. Based on the idea that, in order to understand daily-life activities, we need to look at how people act and make sense of their actions locally, this study takes on an Ethnomethodological and Conversation Analytic approach. The results generated through audiovisual recordings from one of the meetings of the abovementioned course show a constant categorial work (i.e.: the production of particular types of sequential items informed by an orientation to the membership categories present in the society; e.g.: ‘teacher’, ‘student’, ‘doctor’, ‘patient’ etc.) of members in the course, which, along with the sense that these members make (in situ) of the instructions on how to participate in the lessons, reveal the complex reflexive relationship between pedagogy and interaction in an AL classroom.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14328168.v1
title: Immunohaematological and rheological parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis

description: Abstract The aim of this study was to find correlations between haematological and rheological parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CLV). Enrolled dogs with CVL (n=31) had a confirmed diagnosis using the rapid test Dual Path Platform (TR DPP®) kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. A control group (n=31) comprised healthy dogs with negative results for the TR DPP® kit and PCR assay. Haematological parameters and total protein, albumin, globulin, and antibody were assessed. The rheological properties of the blood samples were also determined. Erythrocytes, haematocrit and platelet values of dogs in the CVL group were found to be lower than those of the control group. The total protein, globulin and IgG concentrations were higher in serum samples from the CVL group. The blood flow curve demonstrated increased shear rates in the CVL group. The viscosity of the blood from the infected animals was lower than in the healthy dogs. A positive correlation was found between erythrocyte numbers and blood viscosity. These data suggest that changes in the flow curve and viscosity of blood as well as the erythrocyte values may be a viable low-cost alternative for the monitoring of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666482.v1
title: The influence of different constructive arrangements in natural ventilation

description: Abstract Regions of hot and humid climate, like Maceio, located in the northeast of Brazil, are climatically characterized by presenting small daily fluctuations in air temperature and high humidity. In order to obtain a better thermal performance, the constructs should avoid heat gain by solar radiation and dissipate heat generated internally, such as the heat absorbed by its envelope, thereby natural ventilation plays a fundamental role for this dissipation. This study analyzed the natural ventilation in urban areas in different constructive arrangements considering a cutout of Maceió. Simulations with the program Envi-Met 4.0 were used in a typical block exposed to weather conditions. Eight models were simulated, varying parameters of height and form of the building and its progressive retreat. Results indicate, in the model Compact 4 and Linear 4, reductions of currents of wind and better distribution of natural ventilation, influenced by the combination of high-level height and retreats of the building. Fact that has been disregarded in the urban legislation in most Brazilian cities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666482
title: The influence of different constructive arrangements in natural ventilation

description: Abstract Regions of hot and humid climate, like Maceio, located in the northeast of Brazil, are climatically characterized by presenting small daily fluctuations in air temperature and high humidity. In order to obtain a better thermal performance, the constructs should avoid heat gain by solar radiation and dissipate heat generated internally, such as the heat absorbed by its envelope, thereby natural ventilation plays a fundamental role for this dissipation. This study analyzed the natural ventilation in urban areas in different constructive arrangements considering a cutout of Maceió. Simulations with the program Envi-Met 4.0 were used in a typical block exposed to weather conditions. Eight models were simulated, varying parameters of height and form of the building and its progressive retreat. Results indicate, in the model Compact 4 and Linear 4, reductions of currents of wind and better distribution of natural ventilation, influenced by the combination of high-level height and retreats of the building. Fact that has been disregarded in the urban legislation in most Brazilian cities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861901
title: Rio de Janeiro: Considerations on the Process of Urban Expansion and Internalization of Growth (1980-2010)

description: Abstract This article aims to analyze the process of urban expansion of the State of Rio de Janeiro that took place from the 1980s to the 2010s, trying to understand the meaning of internalization of population growth in the state. In this analysis, we place emphasis on internal migration, considering its key role in this process. In this sense, the study discusses the change in the role played by the State of Rio de Janeiro in the context of internal migrations in Brazil and the loss of importance of interstate migration as determinant of the expansion of urban areas and internalization of growth. In addition, this article demonstrates the increasing importance of intrastate migration to such processes. The key (consolidated) indicators of internal migration and the mean annual rates of population growth showed that since around the early 1980s, the municipalities along the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro - Coastal Lowlands and North of Rio de Janeiro - have been the ones with the greatest positive net migration, the largest TLM and the highest rates of population growth. These migration flows represent, therefore, the main front of internalization of the State. It is important to note that these migrations consist of as till timid process of internalization of growth, given the huge concentration of the population in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862435.v1
title: How are municipal waste in the slums of Rio de Janeiro?

description: Abstract Low-income communities situated on slopes or flat sites present serious problems of urban environmental management, including the generation, disposal and collection of municipal solid waste. There was a time when the urban waste was accumulated in these very poor spaces due to lack of public sanitation policies. However, waste production in contemporary cities is the result of the same type of consumption which affects different scales and socioeconomic contexts. Challenges such as high urban density, lack of space for temporary disposal of waste, and difficult access of trucks and collection equipment in slum areas, for example, are persistent. As a matter of fact, despite the regular collection, irregular disposal of garbage is still frequent in the slums of Rio de Janeiro. The reflections in this article seek a general contextualization of the waste management situation in nine low-income communities in Jacarepaguá neighborhood between the years of 2014 and 2016. The situation of garbage collection in these urban places, which are marked by informality and illegality, was initially diagnosed and then alternatives to reduce the difficulty to manage of material and to facilitate its collection were developed. In this sense, we introduce a discussion on the actions of the public sphere and urban planning in the development of slum upgrading projects, aimed at improving the quality of life of the residents from a socio-environmental perspective, and their articulation with socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862435
title: How are municipal waste in the slums of Rio de Janeiro?

description: Abstract Low-income communities situated on slopes or flat sites present serious problems of urban environmental management, including the generation, disposal and collection of municipal solid waste. There was a time when the urban waste was accumulated in these very poor spaces due to lack of public sanitation policies. However, waste production in contemporary cities is the result of the same type of consumption which affects different scales and socioeconomic contexts. Challenges such as high urban density, lack of space for temporary disposal of waste, and difficult access of trucks and collection equipment in slum areas, for example, are persistent. As a matter of fact, despite the regular collection, irregular disposal of garbage is still frequent in the slums of Rio de Janeiro. The reflections in this article seek a general contextualization of the waste management situation in nine low-income communities in Jacarepaguá neighborhood between the years of 2014 and 2016. The situation of garbage collection in these urban places, which are marked by informality and illegality, was initially diagnosed and then alternatives to reduce the difficulty to manage of material and to facilitate its collection were developed. In this sense, we introduce a discussion on the actions of the public sphere and urban planning in the development of slum upgrading projects, aimed at improving the quality of life of the residents from a socio-environmental perspective, and their articulation with socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318005.v1
title: City and interaction: the role of space in social organization

description: Abstract How can seemingly chaotic personal acts create the coherent systems of interaction that surround us? In this paper, we attempt to answer this key question by suggesting the role for cities on how we coordinate seemingly chaotic decisions. We look into these elementary processes exploring a particular concept: “social entropy”, or how social systems deal with uncertainty and unpredictability in the transition from individual actions to systems of interaction. We examine the following conditions: (i) actions rely on informational differences latent in their environments, (ii) the city itself is an information environment to actions, and we propose that (iii) space becomes a form of creating differences in the probabilities of interaction. We investigate this process through simulations of distinct material scenarios to find that space is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the reduction of entropy. Finally, we suggest that states and fluctuations of entropy are a vital part of social reproduction, and reveal a deep connection between social, informational and spatial systems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318005
title: City and interaction: the role of space in social organization

description: Abstract How can seemingly chaotic personal acts create the coherent systems of interaction that surround us? In this paper, we attempt to answer this key question by suggesting the role for cities on how we coordinate seemingly chaotic decisions. We look into these elementary processes exploring a particular concept: “social entropy”, or how social systems deal with uncertainty and unpredictability in the transition from individual actions to systems of interaction. We examine the following conditions: (i) actions rely on informational differences latent in their environments, (ii) the city itself is an information environment to actions, and we propose that (iii) space becomes a form of creating differences in the probabilities of interaction. We investigate this process through simulations of distinct material scenarios to find that space is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the reduction of entropy. Finally, we suggest that states and fluctuations of entropy are a vital part of social reproduction, and reveal a deep connection between social, informational and spatial systems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318179
title: The Precarious Mobilizers: social basis and fight for popular housing in the cities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE

description: Abstract This article discusses the political-economic transformations triggered by the capitalism restructuring and its repercussion in urban spaces, essentially cities that are commonly transformed into places of strategic development, urban entrepreneurship and overlap extraction. These changes lead to social contradictions and inequality among classes, especially for a precarious and neglected population facing deprivation of essential elements. In this study, we refer to this population as Precarious Mobilizers. We analyzed the work of a homeless movement in the cities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes, evaluating the conjuncture of their social base (political, economic and social) and the political repercussion of these collective subjects in the conquest of the houses and in facing an exclusionary model. We used empirical monitoring of occupational nuclei in the aforementioned cities and questionnaires among the families that are part of the movement in question. The study describes their methods to fight inequality and characterize the families involved in the movement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318179.v1
title: The Precarious Mobilizers: social basis and fight for popular housing in the cities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE

description: Abstract This article discusses the political-economic transformations triggered by the capitalism restructuring and its repercussion in urban spaces, essentially cities that are commonly transformed into places of strategic development, urban entrepreneurship and overlap extraction. These changes lead to social contradictions and inequality among classes, especially for a precarious and neglected population facing deprivation of essential elements. In this study, we refer to this population as Precarious Mobilizers. We analyzed the work of a homeless movement in the cities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes, evaluating the conjuncture of their social base (political, economic and social) and the political repercussion of these collective subjects in the conquest of the houses and in facing an exclusionary model. We used empirical monitoring of occupational nuclei in the aforementioned cities and questionnaires among the families that are part of the movement in question. The study describes their methods to fight inequality and characterize the families involved in the movement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318581
title: The socio-spatial dysfunction in mass housing cities of Algeria: technical wayfinding analysis by method “movement traces” and morphology analysis (space syntax) by software “depthmap”

description: Abstract This document develops a model of analysis and investigation of the impact of the socio-spatial dysfunction of the pedestrian movement, as well on urban reproduction, especially the transformations of the facades and also the appropriation of outdoor spaces in mass housing cities of Algeria. The technical analysis and spatial syntax of the visibility (Visibility Graph Analysis – VGA) and the accessibility (All Line Analysis – ALA) was performed by the software “DepthMap©(UCL, Londres)” and the wayfinding dysfunction analysis by the method of “movement traces”. This is a case study as the city 1000 housing of Biskra and city 500 housing of M’sila. In order to verify this hypothesis, we developed a hybrid analysis model, the diagram interference of the two techniques. The interference results show that the majority of pedestrians prefer straight roads and shorter axes with a strong syntax property of visibility and accessibility (integration, connectivity and intelligibility) in directions of the peripheral equipment (adjacent) and to the center of the two cities. These routes have a direct impact on the transformations of the facades and also the appropriation of outdoor spaces. The model developed promises future research on the quantification, modeling and simulation of the process, in particular by cellular automata.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318581.v1
title: The socio-spatial dysfunction in mass housing cities of Algeria: technical wayfinding analysis by method “movement traces” and morphology analysis (space syntax) by software “depthmap”

description: Abstract This document develops a model of analysis and investigation of the impact of the socio-spatial dysfunction of the pedestrian movement, as well on urban reproduction, especially the transformations of the facades and also the appropriation of outdoor spaces in mass housing cities of Algeria. The technical analysis and spatial syntax of the visibility (Visibility Graph Analysis – VGA) and the accessibility (All Line Analysis – ALA) was performed by the software “DepthMap©(UCL, Londres)” and the wayfinding dysfunction analysis by the method of “movement traces”. This is a case study as the city 1000 housing of Biskra and city 500 housing of M’sila. In order to verify this hypothesis, we developed a hybrid analysis model, the diagram interference of the two techniques. The interference results show that the majority of pedestrians prefer straight roads and shorter axes with a strong syntax property of visibility and accessibility (integration, connectivity and intelligibility) in directions of the peripheral equipment (adjacent) and to the center of the two cities. These routes have a direct impact on the transformations of the facades and also the appropriation of outdoor spaces. The model developed promises future research on the quantification, modeling and simulation of the process, in particular by cellular automata.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318380
title: Strategies to promote non-motorized transportation in major sporting events: the case of Maracanã stadium, Rio de Janeiro

description: Abstract Strategies to promote non-motorized transport (mainly on foot) are defined and evaluated in the games held at the Maracanã stadium. The strategies are formulated based on bibliographical review, and on the results of a field research comprising more than 1,000 interviews with spectators of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup games at the Maracanã, focus groups with stadium attendants, and in-depth interviews. Subsequently, public administration specialists evaluated the strategies and prioritized those related to improvements to infrastructure and facilities for pedestrians and people in wheelchairs, as well as dissemination and awareness campaigns to promote more sustainable transport alternatives. The strategies highlighted by the specialists are characterised by lower levels of complexity and cost of implementation, representing a good option to improve urban quality and promote sustainable mobility. These strategies are expected to be replicated in other sports facilities hosting mega-events in Rio de Janeiro.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318380.v1
title: Strategies to promote non-motorized transportation in major sporting events: the case of Maracanã stadium, Rio de Janeiro

description: Abstract Strategies to promote non-motorized transport (mainly on foot) are defined and evaluated in the games held at the Maracanã stadium. The strategies are formulated based on bibliographical review, and on the results of a field research comprising more than 1,000 interviews with spectators of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup games at the Maracanã, focus groups with stadium attendants, and in-depth interviews. Subsequently, public administration specialists evaluated the strategies and prioritized those related to improvements to infrastructure and facilities for pedestrians and people in wheelchairs, as well as dissemination and awareness campaigns to promote more sustainable transport alternatives. The strategies highlighted by the specialists are characterised by lower levels of complexity and cost of implementation, representing a good option to improve urban quality and promote sustainable mobility. These strategies are expected to be replicated in other sports facilities hosting mega-events in Rio de Janeiro.