cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30499859.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review

description: Background: Rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who discontinue initial immunotherapy due to disease progression, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), or treatment completion. However, there is no standardized rechallenge regimens, patient indications, and few studies on its mechanism.
Summary: This review provided a comprehensive, up-to-date summary on the clinical evidence, treatment regimens, patient characteristics, and biological rationale underlying ICI rechallenge for HCC patients. Current studies have identified four main rechallenge strategies according to the combinations of agents used in the initial and rechallenge treatments, most of which involve targeted therapy combined with anti-PD-L1 or dual ICIs. Across published studies, ICI rechallenge has shown variable but notable antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile. Clinical benefits appear to be more frequently observed in HCC patients with preserved liver function, age &lt; 60 years, and lower tumor burden, although these findings require cautious interpretation due to interstudy heterogeneity and potential selection bias. Mechanistic investigations suggest that renewed immune activation may result from immunogenic cell death, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and re-expression of inhibitory checkpoints such as PD-L1 or CTLA-4, thereby restoring antitumor immunity.
Key Messages: ICI rechallenge represents a rational and feasible therapeutic option for selected HCC patients, providing an opportunity to achieve additional clinical benefit after initial ICI resistance or discontinuation. Although the frequency of irAEs may increase, most events remain manageable with vigilant monitoring and timely intervention. Future research should focus on optimizing regimen selection, refining predictive biomarkers, and elucidating the molecular basis of immune reactivation to guide individualized ICI rechallenge strategies and expand their clinical applicability.
DOI: 10.6075/j02n51j3
title: CIL:1663, Caenorhabditis elegans. In Cell Image Library

description: Terminal Bulb is a dataset of DIC (differential interference contrast) 20x microscopy images of the pharynx terminal bulb of C. elegans at different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 days). Note that the data sets for each age can be found by searching for a featured image from each set: CIL 1587, 1694, 1905, 2213, 2622, 2544, and 2606, respectively.
description: The purpose of the dataset C. elegans terminal bulb aging is to deduce the age of the nemathode based on images of the pharynx terminal bulb (part of the eating apparatus). Images of C. elegans were taken at different chronological ages. This image is part of the day 0 data set. Note that the morphological and chronological ages are not fully correlated due to the variability among individuals even though the individuals are genetically identical. The source for the dataset is Laboratory of Genetics/NIA/NIH.
description: Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: differential interference contrast microscopy
Parameter imaged: optical path length gradient
Source of contrast: boundaries between regions with different refractive index
Visualization methods: visualization of contiguous regions
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
DOI: 10.6075/j0ks6qvt
title: CIL:40337, sildalcea malviflora, pollen. In Cell Image Library

description: Scanning electron micrograph of sildalcea malviflora (prairie hollyhock) pollen. These specimens have been acetolyzed to remove cytoplasm and pollenkit in order to reveal the intricate wall structure. This is part of a large image collection of scanning electron micrographs of pollen samples. Images of a particular species are grouped together. However, to find images and groups of images from other species, please search for the the name of the contributor, Louisa Howard.
description: Complete specimen preparation protocol available at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~emlab/manuals/sempreps/pollen.html
description: Preparation: acetolysis
Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Parameter imaged: elastic scattering of electrons
Source of contrast: differences in deposition of metal shadow
Visualization methods: gold
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
DOI: 10.6075/j0vd6x4k
title: CIL:34906. In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: permeabilized tissue; glutaraldehyde fixed tissue; methanol fixed tissue; phalloidin
Relation to intact cell: dispersed cells in vitro
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Parameter imaged: optical path length gradient
Source of contrast: differences in deposition of metal shadow
Visualization methods: shadowing and plating; primary antibody plus labeled secondary antibody; platinum replica; immuno-gold
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
description: Procedures for detergent extraction, immunostaining, S1 decoration, light, and EM were described previously (Svitkina et al., 1995, 1996, 1997;Verkhovsky et al., 1995; Svitkina and Borisy, 1998).
description: Localization of Arp2/3 complex at actin filament branching points. Xenopus keratocytes and fibroblasts were treated with CD (0.2 μM for 30 min or 0.5 μM for 10 min), extracted in the presence of phalloidin, fixed with glutaraldehyde, treated with 33% methanol, and immunostained with p21 antibody followed by 10-nm gold-conjugated secondary antibody. Image corresponds to a single panel from Figure 4 in J Cell Biol. 1999 May 31;145(5):1009-26. All of the panels from Figure 4 are available as CIL:34902-34921.
DOI: 10.6075/j09g5ktr
title: CIL:2598, Caenorhabditis elegans. In Cell Image Library

description: Terminal Bulb is a dataset of DIC (differential interference contrast) 20x microscopy images of the pharynx terminal bulb of C. elegans at different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 days). Note that the data sets for each age can be found by searching for a featured image from each set: CIL 1587, 1694, 1905, 2213, 2622, 2544, and 2606, respectively.
description: Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: differential interference contrast microscopy
Parameter imaged: optical path length gradient
Source of contrast: boundaries between regions with different refractive index
Visualization methods: visualization of contiguous regions
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
description: The purpose of the dataset C. elegans terminal bulb aging is to deduce the age of the nemathode based on images of the pharynx terminal bulb (part of the eating apparatus). Images of C. elegans were taken at different chronological ages. This image is part of the day 10 data set. Note that the morphological and chronological ages are not fully correlated due to the variability among individuals even though the individuals are genetically identical. The source for the dataset is Laboratory of Genetics/NIA/NIH.
DOI: 10.6075/j0m907nj
title: CIL:25504, Drosophila melanogaster, salivary gland. In Cell Image Library

description: Whole mount squash of polytene chromosome from Drosophila salivary gland. Image showing a series of bands and interbands was taken with a High Voltage EM at a tilt angle of 45 degrees. The accompanying grouped image, taken at 55 degrees forms a stereo pair, providing an oblique 3D view of the chromosome.
description: Salivary glands from 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were dissected, fixed with formalin-acetic acid containing 0.1% Triton-X 100, and squashed on a glass slide. After freezing in liquid nitrogen, the cover slips removed, and the slide thawed and stained with 1% uranyl acetate, rinsed in 50% ethanol, dehydrated and transferred to amyl acetate, and covered with 2% parlodion in amyl acetate. Selected areas of the parlodion film, are transferred to formvar coated EM grids, and the parlodion removed by immersion in amyl acetate (see Ris H, 1981 Stereoscopic Electron Microscopy of Chromosomes, Meth Cell Biol 22:77-96). Grids were observed using the Madison High Voltage Electron Microscope at 1 MeV.
description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue; acetic acid treatment
Relation to intact cell: squashed preparation
Item type: film
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Parameter imaged: elastic scattering of electrons
Source of contrast: differences in adsorption or binding of stain
Visualization methods: uranyl salt
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
DOI: 10.6075/j0930sfm
title: CIL:2232, Caenorhabditis elegans. In Cell Image Library

description: Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: differential interference contrast microscopy
Parameter imaged: optical path length gradient
Source of contrast: boundaries between regions with different refractive index
Visualization methods: visualization of contiguous regions
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
description: The purpose of the dataset C. elegans terminal bulb aging is to deduce the age of the nemathode based on images of the pharynx terminal bulb (part of the eating apparatus). Images of C. elegans were taken at different chronological ages. This image is part of the day 6 data set. Note that the morphological and chronological ages are not fully correlated due to the variability among individuals even though the individuals are genetically identical. The source for the dataset is Laboratory of Genetics/NIA/NIH.
description: Terminal Bulb is a dataset of DIC (differential interference contrast) 20x microscopy images of the pharynx terminal bulb of C. elegans at different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 days). Note that the data sets for each age can be found by searching for a featured image from each set: CIL 1587, 1694, 1905, 2213, 2622, 2544, and 2606, respectively.
DOI: 10.6075/j05q4v4w
title: CIL:8477, Rattus, multipolar neuron. In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue; detergent permeabilized
Relation to intact cell: dispersed cells in vitro
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: fluorescence microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of epitope
Visualization methods: primary antibody plus labeled secondary antibody
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements
description: Development of axon and dendritic arbors in cultured hippocampal neurons after 2 days in vitro. At this timepoint, many, but not all cells are polarized, evidenced by the absence of a long, slender axon. MAP2 staining (red) is becoming segregated to the dendrites, while microtubule staining (green) reveals both the axons and dendrites in the field of view. Nonneuronal cells (e.g. glia) are infrequent, but may also be present in this preparation. 

Detailed methods: Embryonic rat hippocampal neurons were prepared as previously described (see Kaech and Banker, 2006, Nat Protoc). Cells were prepared for fluorescent staining as previously described (Withers and Banker, 1998, in Culturing Nerve Cells, MIT Press). Briefly, cells were fixed (4% formaldehyde, 4% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4), permeabilized with 0.25% Triton and immunostained for tubulin (monoclonal DM1A, from Sigma with Alexa 488 conjugated secondary, excitation, 494, emission, 519 [Invitrogen, Molecular Probes]) and MAP2 (polyclonal Ab266, from S. Halpain with d549 conjugated secondary, excitation, 555, emission, 568, Jackson Immunoresearch). Images were acquired with a Leica DMRA microscope with a 40X (HCX PL APO, NA 1.25) lens, Photometrics CoolSnap ES CCD camera and MetaMorph software. This merged image was generated with the MetaMorph color combine function.
DOI: 10.6075/j0bc3xd1
title: CIL:41458, Danio rerio, neuron. In Cell Image Library

description: Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: confocal microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of a specific protein
Visualization methods: Cyan fluorescent proteins from Aequorea; Yellow fluorescent proteins from Aequorea; Red fluorescent proteins from Anthozoa
description: "Brainbow" zebrafish. Neurons are labeled in multiple colors with "Brainbow" (Nature, 2007) fluorescence microscopy. Three fluorescent proteins (cyan, yellow, and red) are randomly taken up by various neurons, offering a palette of dozens of colors to help scientists follow complex neural pathways. Shown here is a 5-day-old zebrafish larva viewed from the dorsal side, captured using a 20X objective. Fourth Prize, 2008 Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging 
 Competition©.
DOI: 10.6075/j09c6w93
title: CIL:25362, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Listeria monocytogenes, barrier epithelial cell, bacterium. In Cell Image Library

description: QuickTime movie of a complete optical scan through a rabbit intestinal villus tip infected with infected with 10× the amount (4 × 108 CFU/ml) of ΔinlA L. monocytogenes (green) than shown for Wt-GFP L. monocytogenes, and counterstained with phalloidin (red) to visualize the actin cytoskeleton, and with toto-3 (blue) to visualize nuclei. Paraformaldehyde fixed intact tissue blocks were processed without prior embedding and sectioning. The samples were imaged by confocal microscopy where optical sections were taken at 0.5 micron resolution through both the cell monolayers and the intestinal villi. Z-stacks were reconstructed into three dimensions using Volocity software. Corresponds to Video 4 from PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jan;2(1):e3. Epub 2006 Jan 27.
description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue; permeabilized tissue
Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: computer graphic; confocal microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of a specific protein
Visualization methods: phalloidin; EGFP; toto-3
Processing history: reconstructed z-stacks
DOI: 10.6075/j0x065r1
title: CIL:13760, Rattus norvegicus, pheochromocytoma, adrenal gland cell. In Cell Image Library

description: Electron micrograph of PC12 cells transfected with control siRNA. PC12 cells were plated onto aclar film discs (Pella) coated with poly-L-lysine, transfected twice with 50 nM control siRNA and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in calcium-/magnesium-free PBS. The discs were washed three times with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, and postfixed for 30 min on ice with 1% osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer containing 1.6% potassium ferricyanide. The discs were then washed three times with cacodylate buffer, three times with water, incubated with 0.5% uranyl acetate for 30 min (in the dark), and washed again with water. The samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanols while progressively lowering the temperature from 4°C to −40°C then embedded in epon resin. After peeling off the aclar, 60-nm sections were cut and viewed in an electron microscope (FEI Tecnai 12; Phillips) at 120 kV, images were captured with a digital camera at 6,800 magnification. Image is similar to Fig 6C left panel (CIL# 13758) of J Cell Biol. 2010. 191: 1173-1187.
description: Preparation: tissue in epoxy resin embedment; glutaraldehyde fixed tissue
Relation to intact cell: cryostat-sectioned tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM); illumination by electrons
Parameter imaged: electron density
Source of contrast: differences in adsorption or binding of stain
Visualization methods: osmium tetroxide; uranyl salt
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements;intensitiesquantitation
DOI: 10.6075/j0p84brx
title: CIL: 54653, Drosophila melanogaster, astrocytes (red). In Cell Image Library

description: Astrocyte-specific RFP expression was achieved using driven using the Gal4-UAS binary system and the driver alrm. Cortex-glia specific GFP was achieved using the lexA-lexAop binary system and the cortex-glia specific driver wrapper932i-LexA (Coutinho-Budd et al., 2017). The larval CNS was dissected in the third instar larval stage, fixed with methanol, stained for RFP, GFP and Elav (neuronal nuclei marker), and mounted in VectaShield reagent. Slides were imaged on an Innovative Imaging Innovations (3i) spinning disk confocal microscope equipped with a Yokogawa CSX-W1 using a 63X oil objective.

Staining: Astrocytes (red); Cortex glia (green); Neurons (blue)
description: Confocal image of the CNS of a control D. melanogaster in the third instar larval stage, 0uM from the ventral surface, depicting astrocytes (red), cortex glia (green) and neuronal nuclei (blue). Our study examined the breakdown of the spatial segregation between cortex glial and astrocytes after disruption of cortex glial morphology. In a control animal, there is a separation between the two glial subtypes.
description: Imaging mode: fluorescence microscopy
Visualization methods: Spinning Disk Confocal Imaging
DOI: 10.6075/j01g0k12
title: CIL:13761, Rattus norvegicus, pheochromocytoma, adrenal gland cell. In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: tissue in epoxy resin embedment; glutaraldehyde fixed tissue
Relation to intact cell: cryostat-sectioned tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM); illumination by electrons
Parameter imaged: electron density
Source of contrast: differences in adsorption or binding of stain
Visualization methods: osmium tetroxide; uranyl salt
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements;intensitiesquantitation
description: Electron micrograph of PC12 cells transfected with control siRNA. PC12 cells were plated onto aclar film discs (Pella) coated with poly-L-lysine, transfected twice with 50 nM control siRNA and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in calcium-/magnesium-free PBS. The discs were washed three times with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, and postfixed for 30 min on ice with 1% osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer containing 1.6% potassium ferricyanide. The discs were then washed three times with cacodylate buffer, three times with water, incubated with 0.5% uranyl acetate for 30 min (in the dark), and washed again with water. The samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanols while progressively lowering the temperature from 4°C to −40°C then embedded in epon resin. After peeling off the aclar, 60-nm sections were cut and viewed in an electron microscope (FEI Tecnai 12; Phillips) at 120 kV, images were captured with a digital camera at 6,800 magnification. Image is similar to Fig 6C left panel (CIL# 13758) of J Cell Biol. 2010. 191: 1173-1187.
DOI: 10.6075/j01g0kff
title: CIL:13860, Prochloron. In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: freeze_fracture/freeze_etch
Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: film
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Parameter imaged: electron density
Source of contrast: differences in deposition of metal shadow
Visualization methods: shadowing and plating
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements
description: Prochloron was collected at Coconut Island, Oahu, Hawaii. Green colonies of didemnid ascidians, Diplosoma virens, were collected from shallow waters. Green spherical cells, identified as Prochloron, were released from the ascidians by gently pressing on the colonies while flushing the surface with sea water. Cells were centrifuged, then rinsed in filtered sea water fixed with glutaraldehyde, infiltrated with glycerol and vitrified. Samples were fractured and replicated using a Balzers BA 360 freeze-etch device and examined and in a JEOL 100C TEM at 50,000X magnification. Images were recorded on film and digitized.
description: Freeze-fracture replica of the unicellular photosynthetic prokaryote Prochloron showing the distribution and size of particles on cleaved thylakoid membranes. 
This image group includes many other freeze-fracture images of Prochloron.

See also: Giddings TH, Withers NW, Staehelin LA.1980 Supramolecular structure of stacked and unstacked regions of the photosynthetic membranes of Prochloron sp., a prokaryote. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:352-3566.
DOI: 10.6075/j0222swp
title: CIL:13824, Prochloron. In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: freeze_fracture/freeze_etch
Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: film
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Parameter imaged: electron density
Source of contrast: differences in deposition of metal shadow
Visualization methods: shadowing and plating
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements
description: Freeze-fracture replica of the unicellular photosynthetic prokaryote Prochloron showing the distribution and size of particles on cleaved thylakoid membranes. 
This image group includes many other freeze-fracture images of Prochloron.

See also: Giddings TH, Withers NW, Staehelin LA.1980 Supramolecular structure of stacked and unstacked regions of the photosynthetic membranes of Prochloron sp., a prokaryote. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:352-3566.
description: Prochloron was collected at Coconut Island, Oahu, Hawaii. Green colonies of didemnid ascidians, Diplosoma virens, were collected from shallow waters. Green spherical cells, identified as Prochloron, were released from the ascidians by gently pressing on the colonies while flushing the surface with sea water. Cells were centrifuged, then rinsed in filtered sea water fixed with glutaraldehyde, infiltrated with glycerol and vitrified. Samples were fractured and replicated using a Balzers BA 360 freeze-etch device and examined and in a JEOL 100C TEM at 50,000X magnification. Images were recorded on film and digitized.
DOI: 10.6075/j0gx4bpq
title: CIL:40140, Mus musculus, CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata). In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue
Relation to intact cell: vibratome-sectioned tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: confocal microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of epitope
Visualization methods: primary antibody plus labeled secondary antibody; Alexa Fluor 488; X-Rhodamine; 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)
Data qualification: Processed
description: Tissue came from either mice genetically engineered to overexpress a mutant form of human alpha synuclein (A53T) (mouse strain, C57BL/6-DBA/2; group ID, A53T15+), or wild type animals from the same strain, anesthetized with nembutal, and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. Tissue was sectioned on a vibratome at a thickness of 80µm and immunostained with the following antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-SYN; BD Transduction Laboratories, secondary conjugated to Alexa 488; rabbit polyclonal anti-mGluR5, Chemicon Ab. 5675, secondary conjugated to Rhodamine Red X. DAPI was dissolved in ProLong Mounting Medium and applied at the time of mounting. Section imaged using a Olympus Fluoview 1000, with a Olympus PlanApo 60X 1.4 NA objective.
description: The neostriatum of a non-transgenic mouse immunolabeled for mGluR5 (red), alpha synuclein (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) to reveal cell nuclei. This image has been downsampled from the raw data image, which can be accessed using the link provided to the Cell Centered Database. Other images in this group include transgenic mice engineered to overexpress a mutant form of human alpha synuclein (A53T), as well as examples from wild type specimens.