DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29999653
title: 2nd Session of Green Financing Workshop, August 21st, 2025. INSTIPER Yogyakarta

description: The session primarily discusses the landscape, challenges, and opportunities of green, social, and sustainable financing in Indonesia, involving perspectives from financial experts, government bodies, private companies, and community forest management units.I. The Landscape of Green Finance and Sustainability (Dr. Jana, Financial Expert)The industrial sector is increasingly embracing "green business," driving investment in sustainable ventures. Key points include: * <b>Defining Green:</b> There's a need for clear definitions of what constitutes "green," "social," and "sustainable" to ensure genuine impact and avoid "greenwashing." This applies to green bonds, reporting systems, and the use of funds. * <b>Risk Mitigation:</b> Green financing offers a way to diversify portfolios and mitigate long-term risks, especially for companies whose core business might be perceived as high-risk. * <b>Beyond Accounting:</b> Finance shouldn't solely be an accounting exercise; it should anchor into physical, material economic activities that create tangible value (e.g., manufacturing, furniture production). * <b>Economic Shift:</b> The global economy is shifting towards functions and services, with financial assets growing disproportionately to GDP, underscoring the need for finance to support real, sustainable economic activities. * <b>Sustainable Bonds:</b> The concept of "sustainable bonds" is emerging, focusing on businesses that are inherently sustainable and contribute to long-term well-being rather than just short-term profit.II. Government's Role in Environmental Fund Management (Ibu Nia, BPBLH - Environmental Fund Management Agency)BPBLH, a Public Service Agency (BLU) under the Ministry of Finance, plays a crucial role in managing environmental funds with significant flexibility: * <b>Operational Flexibility:</b> BPBLH can directly contract with fund owners and disburse funds to various entities, including communities, private sectors, universities, NGOs, and local governments, accelerating program implementation compared to traditional state budget (APBN) mechanisms. * <b>Thematic Focus:</b> BPBLH's funding focuses on five key areas: 1. Sustainable Ecosystem Management (e.g., land, agriculture, water management, REDD+ programs). 2. Clean and Affordable Energy (including waste-to-energy). 3. Waste Emission and Circular Economy. 4. Health Water and Food Security. 5. Forest and Disaster Resilience. * <b>Funding Sources:</b> Major funds currently come from international donors (e.g., Germany, World Bank) via results-based contributions like REDD+ programs, earned through Indonesia's performance in reducing emissions. * <b>Pre-Investment & Facilitation:</b> These public funds can serve as "pre-investment" to prepare projects for future private or sovereign thematic bonds. BPBLH also acts as a facilitator and potential sponsor for private sector involvement, leveraging its status as a "government investment operator." * <b>Examples of Initiatives:</b> * Incentives for energy efficiency in social buildings, UMKM, and large industries. * Waste management initiatives, such as establishing RDF facilities. * Debt-for-nature swaps. * "Catalytic funds" for startups integrating ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) principles. * Revolving loan funds for farmers (e.g., 3% interest loans). * Endowment funds, where only investment returns are used for programs, preserving the principal. * <b>Collaboration:</b> BPBLH emphasizes collaboration with various ministries and aims to integrate public and private sector funding to create a sustainable ecosystem. They are also collaborating on "orange bond" initiatives with the World Bank, using MCI (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) indicators.III. Private Sector Experience with Green Financing (Pak Rina, PT Dharma Satya Nusantara - PT DSM)PT DSM, a company involved in natural resources (palm oil, wood products, renewable energy), shares its journey: * <b>Business Overview:</b> Operates in palm oil, wood products (plywood, flooring from Sengon, Jabon, Rubberwood), and renewable energy (biomass from waste). * <b>Commitment to Sustainability:</b> Driven by a vision of becoming a global, sustainable, and growing company. * <b>Definition of Green Financing:</b> Funding that stems from a conscious responsibility towards environmental, social, and governance impacts. It includes Green Funding (environmental impact), Social Funding (social impact), and Sustainable Funding (combining both). * <b>Requirements for Green Financing:</b> Beyond conventional financing, it demands: 1. Specific KPIs related to environmental, social, and governance. 2. Independently verified progress reports on sustainability. 3. Transparency in information. * <b>Success in Green Financing:</b> 28% of PT DSM's total financing comes from sustainable sources, including loans from BCA, Mandiri, ADB, and IFC. They have received recognition as a constituent of green investment indices. * <b>ADB Loan Example:</b> A $15 million loan from ADB for their Temanggung factory focused on Jabon tree cultivation: * <b>Community Partnership:</b> Distributes free Jabon seedlings (target 3 million by 2029) to farmers after land verification, provides training and support, and guarantees purchase of the harvest at market price. * <b>Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):</b> Increase in distributed seedlings and assisted farmers, reduction in water consumption, and waste reduction in their industrial processes. * <b>Outcome:</b> Green financing not only supports environmental goals but also drives efficiency in industrial operations.IV. National Planning and Multi-stakeholder Collaboration (Pak Bugur, Bappenas)Bappenas plays a guiding role in national sustainable development: * <b>SDGs Integration:</b> Sustainable Development Goals are mainstreamed into Indonesia's medium and long-term national development plans. * <b>Ongoing Process:</b> Sustainability is viewed as an evolving journey, continuously seeking improvement. * <b>Resource Mobilization:</b> Government funding (20-30% of total needs) is insufficient, necessitating broad collaboration from financial institutions, corporations, academia, NGOs, and other non-government players. * <b>Regulatory Framework:</b> Institutions like OJK (Financial Services Authority) regulate financial flows to ensure prudent and impactful investments, complementing the broader policy guidance from Bappenas. * <b>Shared Goal:</b> All stakeholders, despite their distinct roles and regulations, aim to mobilize resources towards a unified goal of sustainable development.V. Challenges and Aspirations from the Field (Q&A Session)Discussions highlighted practical challenges and hopes from various stakeholders: * <b>Forest Management Units (KPHs) - Pak Fajar:</b> KPHs, vital for community-based forest management and social forestry, often lack direct funding and are limited to a facilitator role. They seek direct, consistent, and substantial funding to effectively implement programs that go beyond basic forest protection to support community livelihoods and economic development. * <b>BPBLH Response:</b> Funding for KPH capacity building exists through the Directorate General of Forest Management. Direct access for KPHs is possible if proposals are strong and channeled through local governments, aligning with forest management criteria. * <b>Ministry of Forestry Response:</b> Acknowledges the current limited scope of funding for KPHs (e.g., from FCF projects) but highlights ongoing efforts by local governments to access more significant funds. Regulation No. 8 allows KPHs to be funded by APBN, APBD, and other sources (including green funds). The Ministry is also revising regulations to strengthen KPHs' strategic position, functions, and institutional capacity, with ongoing coordination with the Ministry of Home Affairs. * <b>KPH Yogyakarta:</b> Emphasizes their role in poverty reduction and community engagement, not just forest conservation. Calls for clearer regulations and greater involvement of youth in forest management. * <b>HKM Kali Biru (Community Forest Management) - Pak Tanjung:</b> Shares their journey of transforming a production forest into a protected area (Kali Biru tourism village) through community efforts, focusing on land, institutional, and business management. * <b>Successes:</b> Successfully rehabilitated forests, established community groups and a cooperative, developed eco-tourism (though limited to 10% of the area), and provided water supply to surrounding areas. * <b>Challenges:</b> Faces financial management issues, a need for capacity building for younger generations, and severe setbacks from the COVID-19 pandemic which crippled their tourism-based economy. They also highlight the unmonetized value of ecosystem services (carbon, water) from their conservation efforts, which are often studied by researchers but yield no direct benefit to the community. They seek support for recovery and for establishing mechanisms to monetize these ecosystem services.The session concludes with an appreciation for the collaborative spirit and a call for continued efforts to build a more sustainable and equitable future for Indonesia.