cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291911.v1
title: COVID-19 in prisons: a study of habeas corpus decisions by the São Paulo Court of Justice

description: Abstract Brazil has become the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Global South-a pandemic that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, especially those detained and imprisoned. Legal institutions are struggling to respond. In this paper, we focus on the National Council of Justice’s Recommendation 62, issued March 17, 2020, which recommends that judges take several measures to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection in prisons. We test this recommendation’s impact by looking at habeas corpus decisions in the São Paulo Court of Justice. The exploratory findings presented here indicate that Recommendation 62 has little impact on habeas decisions. In general, citing the recommendation does not lead the Court to grant early release or house arrest to those detained, and most habeas actions are decided against petitioners. This is true even when petitioners claim to be part of a risk group, or their alleged offense did not involve violence or serious threat-factors that should favor habeas relief under Recommendation 62.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291909.v1
title: Street-level bureaucracy in the pandemic: the perception of frontline social workers on policy implementation

description: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the strategic role of social care policy to minimize the effects of this health crisis and its consequences on the poorest and most vulnerable population. This article analyzes the perception of street-level bureaucrats in the Brazilian social care network on how the pandemic has affected their performance and professional routine. The research was based on a survey, consultations with representatives of municipal social care services, and analysis of government regulations. The results show that social workers feel unprotected and unable to provide adequate responses to the pandemic’s increasing and urgent demands, revealing a lack of institutional support to act appropriately. The professionals also reported substantial changes in their working dynamics, particularly in their relationship with the attended population, one of the main pillars of the Brazilian social care network. These elements directly affect the provision of social care services and their potential to combat the adverse effects of the crisis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291907.v1
title: How are refugees affected by Brazilian responses to COVID-19?

description: Abstract Refugees are forcibly displaced people who fled their home countries due to persecutions because of their religion, nationality, political opinion, race, or being part of a particular social group. Brazilian Law 9474/1997 recognizes people who are fleeing a situation of severe and generalized violation of human rights as refugees. According to Brazilian law and Constitution, refugees have the same rights as Brazilians. However, my research with 29 refugees living in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro shows that refugees are disproportionately affected by the Brazilian responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses how refugees in Brazil are affected by federal responses to the pandemic. I conducted 29 semi-structured phenomenological interviews with refugees between March 27, 2020, and April 06, 2020. These interviews were analyzed considering responses adopted by the Brazilian government (at the federal level) to respond to COVID-19. I conclude that refugees are affected by the closure of the borders and their rights to documentation, healthcare, and social assistance (the emergency benefit) are violated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291904.v1
title: Government actions against the new coronavirus: evidence from the Brazilian states

description: Abstract Since the declaration of the global pandemic due to the new coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO), on March 11, 2020, several measures have been taken by governments around the world regarding social distancing. In Brazil, state governments took the lead in decreeing measures to close schools, suspend public events, and restrict businesses. This article aims to analyze the differences between the Brazilian state governments regarding implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to combat the coronavirus, based on the calculation of a government action index. Analysis of 367 decrees of 25 state executives was conducted in the first two months of the pandemic in the country. The preliminary results of this analysis suggest different levels of rigor in measures to confront COVID-19 by Brazilian governments. Some states stood out for their proactive adoption of stricter social distancing policies, even before confirming the first case of the disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291902.v1
title: Statistical method to determine the need for hospitalization of COVID-19 patients

description: Abstract The growth rate of COVID-19 is causing worldwide concern. The development of indirect methods used to determine hospitalizations only for necessary cases is of fundamental importance to prevent overcrowding in the health system. The general objective of this article is to propose a statistical method, based on logistic regression, capable of indicating whether a patient who tests positive for COVID-19 should be directed to home isolation or be admitted to a hospital, based on blood tests and age. The data was collected from 5,645 blood tests of patients in March and April 2020. Based on the use of the independent variables ‘C-reactive protein,’ ‘neutrophils,’ and ‘monocytes,’ as well as the age of the patient affected by COVID-19, it is possible to predict with a reasonable degree of accuracy whether, upon arriving at the hospital and testing positive, the individual should be recommended to isolate at home or be admitted to a healthcare facility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291900.v1
title: Actions by the Courts of Accounts to minimize effects of coronavirus

description: Abstract This study aims to highlight the efforts made by the Brazilian Courts of Accounts (CAs) during the COVID-19 pandemic to collaborate with its jurisdictional authorities, civil servants, and society to face its effects. Descriptive and qualitative research was carried out, analyzing the legislation issued by the CAs to evaluate their actions. Among the findings, it was observed that the CAs took administrative and pedagogical measures to protect the public, such as the suspension or restriction of face-to-face service. Also, the courts suspended collective events, face-to-face meetings, and travel, adopted telework, limited expenditures and distance learning courses. Among the procedural measures, Plenary Sessions or Chambers, procedural deadlines, and remittance of accounts were suspended. Finally, the activities of guidance and monitoring were conducted under a series of guidelines and recommendations created collaboratively with other agencies and branches of government, guiding public spending, the acquisition and contracting of services with no bidding requirements, among other procedures. It is concluded that the set of measures implemented by the CAs shows a change in the traditional status of subsequent control of public accounts - which gives rise to punitive action - for prior and concurrent control, with recommendations, inspections, and monitoring, when the manager still has instruments to amend errors and avoid waste and misapplication of public resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291898.v1
title: Transparency, corruption, and mismanagement: an analysis of Brazilian municipalities

description: Abstract Does institutional commitment to public transparency reduce corruption and public mismanagement? The regulation of freedom of information laws (FOI) reduces the cost of accessing public information and the control of government officials over it, allowing for monitoring of the government. Thus, greater transparency improves government performance. To test the hypothesis, we used linear regression models for 320 Brazilian municipalities. We employ three measures of municipality institutional commitment to public transparency: FOI regulation in the municipality; the degree to which the local level regulation was based on the national law’s provisions; and time the municipality took to adhere to the legislation, as a measure of institutionalization of public transparency. As a performance measure, we consider corruption and mismanagement irregularities identified in the audit reports of the Comptroller General of Brazil (2011-2015), with classification using unsupervised machine learning. The results are threefold: the municipalities’ adherence to FOI is still very low; in the municipalities that regulated the law locally, transparency is not seen to be associated with government performance; only economic development and quality of bureaucracy have a negative correlation with the number of irregularities. These results indicate that the effort towards more transparent management has not yet generated the expected results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291896.v1
title: Political bargaining practices through federal budget execution

description: Abstract The Brazilian budgetary process has historically been questioned based on the alleged use of political bargaining in the inclusion and implementation of amendments from deputies to the executive’s budget, which affects the principles, criteria, and practices of allocative choices. Supported by the theory of coalition formation, this article examines a possible political bargaining relationship between the executive and legislative branches in the budgetary process at the federal level. The study analyzed the execution of amendments from deputies over five mandates (between 2000 and 2017) and the deputies’ votes on projects proposed by the executive. Data regarding the execution of singular amendments were also analyzed, together with information concerning the deputies’ political position toward the executive when proposing amendments. Econometric techniques were employed to correct selection bias, assessing the presence of political bargaining. The results corroborate the hypothesis that there is political bargaining in the relationship between the executive and legislative branches in Brazil. The deputy who had more of their amendments executed by the government was also the one that voted with the government in the bills sent from the executive to the legislative, even though they were not part of the governing coalition in the Congress. Therefore, the executive targeted deputies who were not part of the governing coalition to increase the number of votes in Congress.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291894.v1
title: The Brazilian Councils of Justice and Public Prosecutor's Office as Instruments of Accountability

description: Abstract Councils acting in the Justice System in democracies have different purposes: to strengthen the independence of the judiciary and the public prosecutor’s office, to increase accountability of judges and prosecutors, or/and to improve justice management. This article analyzes the Brazilian National Council of Justice (CNJ) and the National Council of the Brazilian Public Prosecutor’s Office (CNMP), particularly regarding their purpose as instruments of accountability. The study shows that these bodies were created as instruments to increase transparency and compel judges and prosecutors to be held accountable for their actions and choices. The hypothesis tested in this research is that the two councils did not meet this expectation. The CNJ and CNMP were analyzed for their institutional design, discussing how the composition and distribution of positions at the council encourage independence of the judges and prosecutors rather than accountability. In addition, the article offers data on the councils’ decisions when accusations were presented. Finally, the analysis revealed that CNJ and CNMP are mainly composed of internal members of the Judiciary and the Public Prosecutor’s Office, and identified a lack of expressive punishment applied to judges and prosecutors. Therefore, the hypothesis that the councils do not work as instruments of accountability was confirmed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291892.v1
title: Relational capability: a study of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

description: Abstract The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) plays an important role in Research and Development (R&D) for generating innovations. Most innovations are generated through R&D alliances with external partners, stimulating relational capability (RC), that is, a construct of strategic management of alliances with propositions for procedures that have not yet been empirically verified. In this context, we investigated how relational capability processes contribute to generating innovations. We conducted qualitative research using a case study based on interviews, document analysis, and observation. Three strategic R&D alliances involving EMBRAPA and external partners constituted the analysis corpus. The main contribution to knowledge advancement is a multidimensional fraProgmework for generating innovations from strategic R&D alliances, based on the empirical evidence of processes of EMBRAPA relational capability and its external partners. This new framework sheds light on how a public research enterprise absorbs knowledge and uncovers the processes of institutionalization and relational capability spillover.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291890.v1
title: Instruments and public policy integration: the network of the Single Registry for Social Programs

description: Abstract This article analyzes the capacity of policy integration through implementation tools. The research builds on studies on policy implementation, which understand such tools as “the state in action,” i.e., instruments through which governments operate and deliver public services (Lascoumes & Le Galès, 2007; Linder & Peters, 1990). The research examines the case of the Brazilian Single Registry for Social Programs (Cadastro Único or CadUnico). The Single Registry is understood as part of a network providing social protection to the Brazilian population in social vulnerability. This work examines CadUnico as a complex system formed of a database and a set of norms and processes that work within the structure of local governments. The system gathers data used to coordinate 20 social programs, helping to select beneficiaries and manage policies that serve 27 million low-income families, reaching almost 80 million people. We adopted the social network analysis as a research method, seeking to answer two main questions: what is the position occupied by the Single Registry in the network of relationships formed by the federal social policies which use it, and what are the conditions and the level of integration which it promotes among these federal user policies? The metrics and sociograms of two distinct timeframes, 2016 and 2018, have demonstrated that, although the Single Register for Social Programs offers elements to promote some integration among public policies, there is no evidence of its effectiveness to this end.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291888.v1
title: Project management in the public context: research field mapping

description: Abstract The advent of New Public Management introduced the concept of project management until then exclusive to the private sector, paving the way for increased state efficiency. In this scenario, this article aims to locate, synthesize, and identify the theoretical proximity among studies on project management in the public context. The bibliometric methodological approach used relational analysis of citations and the methods of cocitation and coupling to reveal the connections among the studies published. Exploratory factor analysis of cocitation and coupling led to six factors, indicating the intellectual structure, and enabling the generation of a factor integration framework from the most frequent citations. The results indicated the prevalence of studies on project management and e-government competencies. It also amplifies discussions with the presentation of an agenda directed explicitly to the management of public projects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291886.v1
title: Inter-municipal cooperation in Brazil: the case of solid waste consortia

description: Abstract This article aims to describe the engagement of local governments in intermunicipal cooperation and the costs of these arrangements for municipalities. Based on a multiple-case research design, three consortia operating in the Brazilian solid waste sector between 2013 and 2017 were selected and examined. The main findings show that the costs of the intermunicipal cooperation and the costs related to the participation of the municipality in these arrangements increased in the period. However, a parameter estimator calculation shows that such costs are likely to be reduced in the near future. It can also be concluded that smaller local governments (either by population or by km2) are more likely to benefit from intermunicipal cooperation. The study discusses both theoretical and practical implications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291884.v1
title: Sharing economy and public governance

description: Abstract The term sharing economy is used in specialized literature to identify how the Internet, smartphones, and applications are changing the global economic dynamic. This article presents documentary research focused on private sharing applications that have emerged in recent decades, intending to contribute to the improvement of local public management. Descriptive data analysis and regression were used to characterize the local governments’ adherence to new technologies and to identify how these new technologies affect the fiscal performance of municipalities measured by the FIRJAN Fiscal Management Index. The results obtained show that shared economy Apps can contribute in different ways, with emphasis on greater cooperation and coordination within and between local governments, reduction in the underutilization of assets, greater access and improvement in the quality of public services, and greater interaction and citizen participation in public decisions. The estimated regression shows that the use of new communication technologies contributes to improving the municipalities’ fiscal performance. However, these technologies are little used and should be encouraged in local public administrations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291882.v1
title: Corporate social (ir)responsibility: an analysis of the disaster in Mariana-Brazil

description: Abstract The issue of corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) has gained prominence in world literature. This study analyzes the 2015 environmental disaster caused by Samarco Mineração S.A. in Mariana (MG), Brazil, as an example of CSIR. The objective was to understand whether the population’s social identification with the company, which is translated into the economic benefits, reduced punitive intention, and blame attribution. The research instrument uses scales with psychometric indicators applied to 1,616 individuals. It was verified that the benefits to the local economy reduced the punitive intention in the municipalities of Anchieta and Guarapari (ES), and Mariana (MG). This was not the case for Colatina and Linhares (ES). Also, it was observed that the disaster’s severity increased blame attribution, and the punitive intention increased the intention to engage in negative word-of-mouth (WOM) about the company. As the main conclusion, people were less likely to punish the company in the municipalities where it generated economic benefits.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291880.v1
title: (A)Political administration? The public manager’s portrait and selection factors

description: Abstract This article addresses the issue of how political and administrative actors relate to each other, focusing on the selection of Senior Civil Servants as key actors to implement public policies. A literature review and documental analysis were carried out, and an on-line questionnaire was applied to Senior Civil Servants in managerial positions in Portugal between 2004 and 2011 (n = 964). The results show that, in all cases, the p-value was equal or less than .05 (p ≤ .05). The analysis allowed us to confirm two main criteria used for the selection of Senior Civil Servants (political and professional) and their respective factors. Despite indicating that the political criterion somehow plays a role in the selection of public officials in Portugal, the study could not confirm the hypothesis that political factors are predominant when hiring senior civil servants in the country.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291878.v1
title: National school feeding program: strategies to overcome food insecurities during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

description: Abstract This article aims to analyze the contribution of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), in the fight against hunger and food insecurity (FI) and to propose a set of strategies to guarantee that students will continue to receive food during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diagnosis of FI and hunger in Brazil was carried out, analyzing the weakening of Food and Nutritional Security Policies, considering the historical evolution of PNAE and its current situation, and from this analysis, a set of proposals were drawn up, assessing their impacts on the PNAE’s budget. We present the following strategies for the period of school closures: distribution of meals for students, maintaining, if possible, the universal character of the policy or benefiting students from families eligible to receive Emergency Aid due to COVID-19; expand the amount transferred by the PNAE to municipalities with a low and very low Human Development Index (HDI) and; maintenance and incentive to purchase food from family farming. When schools re-open, we suggest the following strategies: FI survey among students; maintenance of the equity of the policy by expanding the transfer amount to municipalities with low and very low HDI, and; attendance of students from families in FI during the vacations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291876.v1
title: Management of food security actions during the COVID-19 pandemic

description: Abstract This article aims to analyze the intervention strategies adopted by public management during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce food insecurity, based on a case study in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. The study used a qualitative approach based on Program Theory and the multiple streams model to analyze the actions. In the state, the pandemic brought a window of opportunity, showing the importance of public policy in the government agenda, such as the program “Restaurante Popular,” which offers low-cost meals, and favors quick response and adequacy of means of implementation. The study highlights best practices, inspiring actions all over the country.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14291874.v1
title: Pandemic responses in vulnerable communities: a simulation-oriented approach

description: Abstract Populations living in favelas are facing even more vulnerabilities with the sudden escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic, as social distancing is challenging in such settings. Furthermore, these populations typically lack proper sanitation and hygiene conditions, which are requirements to adequately control the outbreak. This paper proposes the use of System Dynamics modeling to support the public policy-making process in order to avert negative effects of the pandemic in the Brazilian favelas based on measures elicited from the social movement named “Favelas Contra o Corona.” The simulation model assessed the effectiveness of strategies and policy bundles encompassing temporary transfer of the favela population, supply of hygiene products, emergency sanitation structures, and expansion of Intensive Care Units. Results indicate that a suitable combination of strategies can bring significant effects to the number of avoidable deaths and the availability of Intensive Care Units for the population.