DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tc967
title: Data from: Artificial selection reveals high genetic variation in phenology at the trailing edge of a species range

description: Species' responses to climate change depend on the interplay of
 migration and adaptation, yet we know relatively little about the
 potential for adaptation. Genetic adaptations to climate change often
 involve shifts in the timing of phenological events such as flowering. If
 populations at the edge of a species' range have lower genetic
 variation in phenological traits than central populations, then their
 persistence under climate change could be threatened. To test this
 hypothesis, we performed artificial selection experiments using the
 scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) and compared genetic variation
 in flowering time among populations at the latitudinal center, northern
 edge, and southern edge of the species' range. We also assessed
 whether selection on flowering time yielded correlated responses in
 functional traits, potentially representing a cost associated with early
 or late flowering. Contrary to prediction, southern populations exhibited
 greater responses to selection on flowering time than central or northern
 populations. Further, selection for early flowering resulted in correlated
 increases in specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen, whereas selection for
 late flowering led to decreases in these traits. These results provide
 critical insights about how spatial variation in the potential for
 adaptation may affect population persistence under changing climates.
description: Mimulus cardinalis data
 from artificial selection experimentThis data file includes
 flowering time, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, relative growth
 rate, and carbon isotope ratio for each Mimulus cardinalis individual in
 experiment (see publication for further details). Column names are as
 follows: Generation: year in which artificial selection was performed;
 parental generation (2012); 1 generation of selection (2013); 2
 generations of selection (2014) Region: range position from which
 populations originate; northern edge (N), latitudinal range centre (C), or
 southern edge (S) Population: location from which individuals were
 collected (see Fig. 1 and Table 1 in publication) Line: artificial
 selection line; early flowering (early); unselected (control); late
 flowering (late) Population.Line: selection line nested within population
 Par1: identity of parent 1 of each individual in 2013 and 2014
 generations; used in calculations of weighted selection differentials
 Par2: identity of parent 2 of each individual in 2013 and 2014
 generations; used in calculations of weighted selection differentials
 Family: full-sibling seed family Replicate: replicates of each
 full-sibling seed family; only relevant in 2013 and 2014 generations
 Family.Replicate: replicate nested within full-sibling seed family; only
 relevant in 2013 and 2014 generations FloweringTime: number of days from
 germination to first flower SLA: specific leaf area (mm2/mg); only
 measured in 2014 generation percent.N: percent leaf nitrogen content; only
 measured in 2014 generation on a subset of individuals RGR: relative
 growth rate in early seedling stem length (cm cm-1 day-1); only measured
 in 2014 generation delta.13C: carbon isotope ratio (δ13C); only measured
 in 2014 generation on a subset of individualsMimulus.cardinalis.2012-2014.csvMimulus cardinalis selected and unselected lines from artificial selection experimentThis data file includes unique IDs for the Mimulus cardinalis individuals selected for early flowering, late flowering, and unselected control lines in the 2012 and 2013 generations. Column names are as follows: Generation: year in which artificial selection was performed; parental generation (2012); 1 generation of selection (2013); 2 generations of selection (2014) Region: range position from which populations originate; northern edge (N), latitudinal range centre (C), or southern edge (S) Population: location from which individuals were collected (see Fig. 1 and Table 1 in publication) Line: artificial selection line; early flowering (early); unselected (control); late flowering (late) Population.Line: selection line nested within population ID: full-sibling seed family (in the case of data from the 2012 generation) or replicate nested within full-sibling seed family (in the case of data from the 2013 generation) FloweringTime: number of days from germination to first flowerMimulus.cardinalis.SelectionLines.2012-2013.csvMimulus cardinalis data from artificial selection experiment based on a subset of C1 individualsThis data file includes flowering time, measured as number of days from germination to first flower, for each Mimulus cardinalis individual in artificial selection experiment based on a subset of individuals from the C1 population (see publication for further details). Column names are as follows: Generation: year in which artificial selection was performed; parental generation (2012); 1 generation of selection (2013); 2 generations of selection (2014) Line: artificial selection line; early flowering (early); unselected (control); late flowering (late) Family: full-sibling seed family Replicate: replicates of each full-sibling seed family; only relevant in 2013 and 2014 generations Family.Replicate: replicate nested within full-sibling seed family; only relevant in 2013 and 2014 generations FloweringTime: number of days from germination to first flowerSubsampled.Mimulus.cardinalis.2012-2014.csvMimulus cardinalis selected and unselected lines from artificial selection experiment based on a subset of C1 individualsThis data file includes unique IDs for the Mimulus cardinalis individuals selected for early flowering, late flowering, and unselected control lines in the 2012 and 2013 generations. Data are derived from artificial selection experiment based on a subset of individuals from the C1 population (see publication for further details). Column names are as follows: Generation: year in which artificial selection was performed; parental generation (2012); 1 generation of selection (2013); 2 generations of selection (2014) Line: artificial selection line; early flowering (early); unselected (control); late flowering (late) ID: full-sibling seed family (in the case of data from the 2012 generation) or replicate nested within full-sibling seed family (in the case of data from the 2013 generation) FloweringTime: number of days from germination to first flowerSubsampled.Mimulus.cardinalis.SelectionLines.2012-2013.csv