DOI: 10.4231/4bgz-z162
title: Simulation Inputs and Results of the Potential Impacts of Emissions Trading Scheme and Biofuel Options to Carbon Emissions of U.S. Airlines

description: &lt;p&gt;The following are the data files included in this set; further details &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="are given" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-322BBF603784A9CD36314E5A87173DD0" data-pwa-rule-id="null" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;are given&lt;/pwa&gt; after this list.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-id="pwa-AFD02FF3EC5C4F436DEA19FE3233F03A" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv - Normalized biofuel consumption results for domestic EUETS-typed emission scheme scenario.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_CO2.csv - Normalized carbon emission results for domestic EUETS-typed emission scheme scenario.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-id="pwa-BF88FD5AA38A9CE8EAAC5C29C0480A76" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv - Simulation input data for domestic EUETS-typed emission scheme scenario.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-id="pwa-8560D3ABB076BDD58DC079CB10A864E8" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv - Normalized satisfied passenger demand results for domestic EUETS-typed emission scheme scenario.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="No_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: No_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-id="pwa-7C30D2A76EACC4F86DFD64A14F56F18D" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv - Normalized biofuel consumption results for no domestic emission scheme scenario.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_CO2.csv - Normalized carbon emission results for no domestic emission scheme scenario.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="No_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: No_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-id="pwa-25C0EB499C53D3A65E72253A5B9EE83E" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv - Simulation input data for no domestic emission scheme scenario. &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="No_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: No_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-id="pwa-37F2BD9FC43BA0BF5BC397D45D1A2613" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv - Normalized satisfied passenger demand for no domestic emission scheme scenario. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Details of the data files.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;1. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-id="pwa-7F284CB02319A83359846F75F32AB5F2" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For EUETS-typed domestic emission scheme setting, this data includes the simulation results of normalized biofuel consumption in each simulation year for each simulation scenario. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="The biofuel consumption is normalized" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-6127594B4883E0F74B3096A95A684F20" data-pwa-rule-id="PASSIVE_VOICE" data-pwa-suggestions="We normalize the biofuel consumption~It normalizes the biofuel consumption~I normalize the biofuel consumption"&gt;The biofuel consumption is normalized&lt;/pwa&gt; with 2005 total fuel consumption, and all scenarios have the same setting and results for the year 2005. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation instance. &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;20xx: The normalized biofuel consumption in the year of 20xx. xx is between the range of 05 to 50. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2. EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_CO2.csv&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For EUETS-typed domestic emission scheme setting, this data includes the simulation results of normalized carbon emission in each simulation year for each simulation scenario. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="The carbon emission is normalized" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-1F9A3D3804F882BAE389001F8C1D7C97" data-pwa-rule-id="PASSIVE_VOICE" data-pwa-suggestions="We normalize the carbon emission~It normalizes the carbon emission~I normalize the carbon emission"&gt;The carbon emission is normalized&lt;/pwa&gt; with 2005 emission level, and all scenarios have the same setting and results for the year 2005. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation instance. &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;20xx: The normalized carbon emission in the year of 20xx. xx is between the range of 05 to 50. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;3. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-id="pwa-A51EC789DFC4C425496B5C53CE51C304" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data&lt;/pwa&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For EUETS-typed domestic emission scheme setting, the data includes the simulation inputs for each instance of the simulation. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Carbon price growth rate: The annual carbon price growth rate in euros/&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dom. ETS starting year: The starting year of domestic emission trading&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lambda: The setting for airlines&#39; fuel cost risk attitude. The airlines aircraft deployment strategy and biofuel adoption option needs to result in a certain percentage lower fuel related operation cost than the strategy from the previous&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="Biorefinery" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: Biorefinery" data-pwa-id="pwa-AF53FFF287736B1C4F9DAA52AC0A7AFB" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions="Brunner~Brenner~Berliner~Bruner~Briefing"&gt;Biorefinery&lt;/pwa&gt; IRR: The Bio-refinery investment internal rate of return&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Kappa: The risk attitude of a bio-refinery firm for estimating the fuel&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Farmer Profit Margin: Farmer&#39;s profit margin&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fuel Price Scenario: The index of the fuel price scenario. &quot;1&quot; represents the nominal fuel price scenario, while &quot;2&quot; shows the high fuel price&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;GDP Growth Scenario: The index of the global GDP growth rate scenario. &quot;1&quot; represents the nominal global growth rate, while &quot;2&quot; shows the high global GDP growth&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="scenario_case" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: scenario_case" data-pwa-id="pwa-98778D263C90A7670E99A3D135900049" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;scenario_case&lt;/pwa&gt;: The index of the domestic emission scheme. &quot;1&quot; represents the EUETS-typed domestic emission scheme. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;4. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-id="pwa-5AD56ED4CB6071A19CD4FC3F8095DC3E" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;EUETS_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For EUETS-typed domestic emission scheme setting, this data includes the simulation results of normalized satisfied passenger demand in each simulation year for each simulation scenario. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="The satisfied passenger demand is normalized" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-5AC139251FF7BE57195484F301CB1D37" data-pwa-rule-id="PASSIVE_VOICE" data-pwa-suggestions="We normalize the satisfied passenger demand~It normalizes the satisfied passenger demand~I normalize the satisfied passenger demand"&gt;The satisfied passenger demand is normalized&lt;/pwa&gt; with 2005 emission level, and all scenarios have the same setting and results for the year 2005. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;20xx: The normalized satisfied passenger demand in the year of 20xx. xx is between the range of 05 to 50. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;5. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="No_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: No_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption" data-pwa-id="pwa-82F6F4EA5BFC8722530D498C8BD321CF" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_Biofuel_Consumption&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For no domestic emission scheme setting, this data includes the simulation results of normalized biofuel consumption in each simulation year for each simulation scenario. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="The biofuel consumption is normalized" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-754CBD2DA0E4AB0049F3C467ABDF2699" data-pwa-rule-id="PASSIVE_VOICE" data-pwa-suggestions="We normalize the biofuel consumption~It normalizes the biofuel consumption~I normalize the biofuel consumption"&gt;The biofuel consumption is normalized&lt;/pwa&gt; with 2005 total fuel consumption, and all scenarios have the same setting and results for the year 2005. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;20xx: The normalized biofuel consumption in the year of 20xx. xx is between the range of 05 to 50. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;6. No_Domestic_Scheme_CO2.csv&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For no domestic emission scheme setting, this data includes the simulation results of normalized carbon emission in each simulation year for each simulation scenario. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="The carbon emission is normalized" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-CC031F22979688D149742FE5BB1C978E" data-pwa-rule-id="PASSIVE_VOICE" data-pwa-suggestions="We normalize the carbon emission~It normalizes the carbon emission~I normalize the carbon emission"&gt;The carbon emission is normalized&lt;/pwa&gt; with 2005 emission level, and all scenarios have the same setting and results for the year 2005. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;20xx: The normalized carbon emission in the year of 20xx. xx is between the range of 05 to 50. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;7. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="No_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: No_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data" data-pwa-id="pwa-56F2E67C65A08554CF2997794203D41E" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_Input_Data&lt;/pwa&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For no domestic emission scheme setting, the data includes the simulation inputs for each instance of the simulation. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Carbon price growth rate: The annual carbon price growth rate in euros/&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dom. ETS starting year: The starting year of domestic emission trading scheme. Since this scenario has no domestic emission scheme, this column will not affect the simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lambda: The setting for airlines&#39; fuel cost risk attitude. The airlines aircraft deployment strategy and biofuel adoption option needs to result in a certain percentage lower fuel related operation cost than the strategy from the previous&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="Biorefinery" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: Biorefinery" data-pwa-id="pwa-734250C359B04F95F56B63B299E9C66C" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions="Brunner~Brenner~Berliner~Bruner~Briefing"&gt;Biorefinery&lt;/pwa&gt; IRR: The Bio-refinery investment internal rate of return&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Kappa: The risk attitude of a bio-refinery firm for estimating the fuel&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Farmer Profit Margin: Farmer&#39;s profit margin&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fuel Price Scenario: The index of the fuel price scenario. &quot;1&quot; represents the nominal fuel price scenario, while &quot;2&quot; shows the high fuel price&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;GDP Growth Scenario: The index of the global GDP growth rate scenario. &quot;1&quot; represents the nominal global growth rate, while &quot;2&quot; shows the high global GDP growth&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="scenario_case" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: scenario_case" data-pwa-id="pwa-B29F2A6D9D2BA1AD200419AC8FB9AD0D" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;scenario_case&lt;/pwa&gt;: The index of the domestic emission scheme. &quot;2&quot; represents the no domestic emission scheme. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;8. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="spelling" data-pwa-dictionary-word="No_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-hint="Unknown word: No_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand" data-pwa-id="pwa-BA4C7562459D6533136311BDD352D36C" data-pwa-rule-id="SIMPLE_SPELLING" data-pwa-suggestions=""&gt;No_Domestic_Scheme_Satisfied_Demand&lt;/pwa&gt;.csv&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For no domestic emission scheme setting, this data includes the simulation results of normalized satisfied passenger demand in each simulation year for each simulation scenario. &lt;pwa class="pwa-mark pwa-mark-done" data-pwa-category="style" data-pwa-dictionary-word="The satisfied passenger demand is normalized" data-pwa-hint="Passive verbs make your writing less direct. Try to use an active verb instead." data-pwa-id="pwa-1EBE7F82D9F2E3C4087648037129AAAD" data-pwa-rule-id="PASSIVE_VOICE" data-pwa-suggestions="We normalize the satisfied passenger demand~It normalizes the satisfied passenger demand~I normalize the satisfied passenger demand"&gt;The satisfied passenger demand is normalized&lt;/pwa&gt; with 2005 emission level, and all scenarios have the same setting and results for the year 2005. The included matrix has the following columns:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;unique ID: The unique id for each simulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;20xx: The normalized satisfied passenger demand in the year of 20xx. xx is between the range of 05 to 50. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
description: Simulation inputs and results for assessing the environmental impacts of EUETS-type (European Union Emissions Trading Scheme) domestic emission scheme on US commercial aviation with biofuel options.