cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9104
title: Data from: Inter-island divergence within Drosophila mauritiana, a species of the D. simulans complex: past history and/or speciation in progress?

description: Speciation with gene flow may be more common than generally thought making
 detailed understanding of the extent and pattern of genetic divergence
 between geographically isolated populations useful. Species of the
 Drosophila simulans complex provide a good model for speciation and
 evolutionary studies; understanding their population genetic structure
 will increase our understanding of the context in which speciation has
 occurred. Here we describe the genetic diversity and the genetic
 differentiation, at mitochondrial and nuclear loci, of two distant
 populations of D. mauritiana (Mauritius and Rodrigues Islands). We
 surveyed the two populations for their mitochondrial types, eight nuclear
 genes and 18 microsatellite loci. A new mitochondrial type is fixed in the
 Rodrigues population of D. mauritiana. The two populations are highly
 differentiated, their divergence appears relatively ancient (100,000
 years) compared to the origin of the species, around 0.25 MYA, and they
 exhibit very limited gene flow. However, they have similar levels of
 divergence from their sibling, D. simulans. Both nuclear genes and
 microsatellites revealed contrasting demographic histories between the two
 populations; expansion for the Mauritius population and stable population
 size for the Rodrigues Island population. The pronounced geographic
 structure discovered within D. mauritiana in addition to the low amount of
 genetic exchange between those two island populations is significant for
 understanding how the genetic structuring of the species contributes to
 its evolutionary history, and clearly merits further attention in the
 broad context of speciation.
description: microsatellites_mauritiana_genepop_legrand et al 201118 microstellite loci genotypes on two populations of D. mauritiana (from Mauritius and Rodrigues Islands). Flies were collected in the field.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nh8f0
title: Data from: Biparental incubation patterns in a high-Arctic breeding shorebird: how do pairs divide their duties?

description: In biparental species, parents may be in conflict over how much they
 invest into their offspring. To understand this conflict, parental care
 needs to be accurately measured, something rarely done. Here, we
 quantitatively describe the outcome of parental conflict in terms of
 quality, amount and timing of incubation throughout the 21 day incubation
 period in a population of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla)
 breeding under continuous daylight in the High Arctic. Incubation quality,
 measured by egg temperature and incubation constancy, showed no marked
 difference between the sexes. The amount of incubation, measured as length
 of incubation bouts, was on average 51 min longer per bout for females
 (11.5 h) than for males (10.7 h), at first glance suggesting that females
 invested more than males. However, this difference may have been offset by
 sex-differences in the timing of incubation; females were more often
 off-nest during the warmer period of the day, when foraging conditions
 were presumably better. Overall, the daily timing of incubation shifted
 over the incubation period (e. g., for female incubation from
 ‘evening-night’ to ‘night-morning’) and over the season, but varied
 considerably among pairs. At one extreme, pairs shared the amount of
 incubation equally, but one parent always incubated during the colder part
 of the day; at the other extreme, pairs shifted the start of incubation
 bouts between days so that each parent experienced similar conditions
 across the incubation period. Our results highlight how the simultaneous
 consideration of different aspects of care across time allows sex-specific
 investment to be more accurately quantified.
description: DATASETS
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jg05d
title: Data from: Female competition in chimpanzees

description: Female chimpanzees exhibit exceptionally slow rates of reproduction and
 raise their offspring without direct paternal care. Therefore, their
 reproductive success depends critically on long-term access to
 high-quality food resources over a long lifespan. Chimpanzee communities
 contain multiple adult males, multiple adult females and their offspring.
 Because males are philopatric and jointly defend the community range while
 most females transfer to new communities before breeding, adult females
 are typically surrounded by unrelated competitors. Communities are
 fission–fusion societies in which individuals spend time alone or in fluid
 subgroups, whose size depends mostly on the abundance and distribution of
 food. To varying extents in different populations, females avoid direct
 competition by foraging alone or in small groups in distinct, but
 overlapping core areas within the community range to which they show high
 fidelity. Although rates of aggression are low, females compete for space
 and access to food. High rank correlates with high reproductive success,
 and high-ranking females win direct contests for food and gain
 preferential access to resource-rich sites. Females are aggressive to
 immigrant females and even kill the newborn infants of community members.
 The intensity of such aggression correlates with population density. These
 patterns are compared to those in other species, including humans.
description: Female competition in
 chimpanzeesUTM coordinates of the
 locations of chimpanzees of the Kasekela community in Gombe National Park,
 Tanzania, 2000-2003ChimpanzeeRanges.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.708j7
title: Data from: Strong maternal fidelity and natal philopatry shape genetic structure in North Pacfic humpback whales

description: We quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding
 grounds and natal fidelity to breeding grounds in humpback whales based on
 an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North
 Pacific. For 2,193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding
 regions and 8 breeding regions during the winter and summer of 2004 to
 2006, we first used microsatellite genotyping (average, 9.5 loci) to
 identify replicate samples. From sequences of the mtDNA control region
 (500 bp) we identified 28 unique haplotypes from 30 variable sites.
 Haplotype frequencies differed markedly among feeding regions (overall FST
 = 0.121, PhiST = 0.178, p &lt; 0.0001), supporting previous evidence
 of strong maternal fidelity. Haplotype frequencies also differed markedly
 among breeding regions (overall FST = 0.093, PhiST = 0.106, p &lt;
 0.0001), providing evidence of strong natal fidelity. Although sex-biased
 dispersal was not evident, differentiation of microsatellite allele
 frequencies was weak compared to differentiation of mtDNA haplotypes,
 suggesting male-biased gene flow. Feeding and breeding regions showed
 significant differences in haplotype frequencies, even for regions known
 to be strongly connected by patterns of individual migration. Thus, the
 influence of migratory fidelity seems to operate somewhat independently on
 feeding and breeding grounds over an evolutionary time scale. This results
 in a complex population structure and the potential to define multiple
 units to conserve in either seasonal habitat.
description: North Pacific humpback
 whale haplotype sequences and tablesHap tables for data
 submission-1_CSB2.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1831
title: Data from: Molecular phylogeny of living xenarthrans and the impact of character and taxon sampling on the placental tree rooting

description: Extant xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters and sloths) are among the most
 derived placental mammals ever evolved. South America was the cradle of
 their evolutionary history. During the Tertiary, xenarthrans experienced
 an extraordinary radiation, whereas South America remained isolated from
 other continents. The 13 living genera are relics of this earlier
 diversification and represent one of the four major clades of placental
 mammals. Sequences of the three independent protein-coding nuclear markers
 alpha2B adrenergic receptor (ADRA2B), breast cancer susceptibility
 (BRCA1), and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) were determined for 12 of the 13
 living xenarthran genera. Comparative evolutionary dynamics of these
 nuclear exons using a likelihood framework revealed contrasting patterns
 of molecular evolution. All codon positions of BRCA1 were shown to evolve
 in a strikingly similar manner, and third codon positions appeared less
 saturated within placentals than those of ADRA2B and VWF. Maximum
 likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of a 47 placental taxa data
 set rooted by three marsupial outgroups resolved the phylogeny of
 Xenarthra with some evidence for two radiation events in armadillos and
 provided a strongly supported picture of placental interordinal
 relationships. This topology was fully compatible with recent studies,
 dividing placentals into the Southern Hemisphere clades Afrotheria and
 Xenarthra and a monophyletic Northern Hemisphere clade (Boreoeutheria)
 composed of Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires. Partitioned likelihood
 statistical tests of the position of the root, under different character
 partition schemes, identified three almost equally likely hypotheses for
 early placental divergences: a basal Afrotheria, an Afrotheria + Xenarthra
 clade, or a basal Xenarthra (Epitheria hypothesis). We took advantage of
 the extensive sampling realized within Xenarthra to assess its impact on
 the location of the root on the placental tree. By resampling taxa within
 Xenarthra, the conservative Shimodaira-Hasegawa likelihood-based test of
 alternative topologies was shown to be sensitive to both character and
 taxon sampling.
description: Delsuc2002-MolBiolEvolphy.treDelsuc2002-MolBiolEvol.nexDelsuc2002-MolBiolEvol.treDelsuc2002-MolBiolEvol.phy
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3v7k3
title: Data from: Ants and ant scent reduce bumblebee pollination of artificial flowers

description: Ants on flowers can disrupt pollination by consuming rewards or harassing
 pollinators, but it is difficult to disentangle the effects of these
 exploitative and interference forms of competition on pollinator behavior.
 Using highly rewarding and quickly replenishing artificial flowers that
 simulate male or female function, we allowed bumblebees (Bombus impatiens)
 to forage (1) on flowers with or without ants (Myrmica rubra) and (2) on
 flowers with or without ant scent cues. Bumblebees transferred
 significantly more pollen analogue both to and from ant-free flowers,
 demonstrating that interference competition with ants is sufficient to
 modify pollinator foraging behavior. Bees also removed significantly less
 pollen analogue from ant-scented flowers than from controls, making this
 the first study to show that bees can use ant scent to avoid harassment at
 flowers. Ant effects on pollinator behavior, possibly in addition to their
 effects on pollen viability, may contribute to the evolution of floral
 traits minimizing ant visitation.
description: Amounts of dye donated
 and received by artificial flowersCembrowski et al. 2013 Dye
 donation and reception data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g665r
title: Data from: Pollinator deception in the orchid mantis

description: Mimicry has evolved in contexts such as camouflage, predator deterrence,
 luring of prey and pollinator attraction. Mimicry of flowers has until now
 only been demonstrated in angiosperms, yet it has been hypothesized that
 the Malaysian orchid mantis Hymenopus coronatus mimics a flower to attract
 pollinators as prey. Despite the popularity of this charismatic insect,
 this long discussed hypothesis has never been experimentally investigated.
 We found that, as predicted for mimicry, the color of H. coronatus is
 indistinguishable from the color of sympatric flowers for hymenopteran
 pollinators. Field experiments show that isolated mantises attract wild
 pollinators at a rate even higher than flowers and capture these
 pollinators as prey items. After over a century of conjecture, we provide
 the first experimental evidence of pollinator deception in the orchid
 mantis and the first description of a unique predatory strategy that has
 not been documented in any other animal species.
description: Pollinator
 visitationMantis Flower
 Reflectance
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tt208
title: Data from: Intralocus sexual conflict over wing length in a wild migratory bird

description: Intralocus sexual conflict (ISC) occurs when males and females have
 different adaptive peaks, but are constrained from evolving sexual
 dimorphism because of shared genes. Implications of this conflict on
 evolutionary dynamics in wild populations have previously not been
 investigated in detail. In comprehensive analyses of selection,
 heritability and genetic correlations, we found evidence for an ISC over
 wing length, a key trait for flight performance and migration, in a
 long-term study of wild great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus).
 We found moderate sexual dimorphism, high heritability, moderate sexually
 antagonistic selection and strong positive cross-sex genetic correlation
 in wing length, together supporting the presence of ISC. A negative
 genetic correlation between male wing length and female fitness indicated
 that females inheriting alleles for longer wings from their male relatives
 also inherited lower fitness. Moreover, cross-sex genetic correlations
 imposed constraint on the predicted microevolutionary trajectory of wing
 length (based on selection gradients), especially in females where the
 predicted response was reversed. The degree of sexual dimorphism in wing
 length did not change over time, suggesting no sign of conflict
 resolution. Our study provides novel insight into how an ISC over a
 fitness trait can affect microevolution in a wild population under natural
 selection.
description: Morphological
 datastWingsel_2005_coh_130617_Dryad.xlsxPedigree data080822_GRW_Heritab_Ad_Dryad.txtDimorphism dataDim_over_coh_1984-2010_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.50720
title: Data from: The cold-water connection: Bergmann's rule in North American freshwater fishes

description: Understanding general rules governing macroecological body size variations
 is one of the oldest pursuits in ecology. However, this science has been
 dominated by studies of terrestrial vertebrates, spurring debate over the
 validity of such rules in other taxonomic groups. Here, relationships
 between maximum body size and latitude, temperature and elevation were
 evaluated for 29 North American freshwater fish species. Bergmann's
 rule was observed in 38% of species, converse Bergmann's rule was
 observed in 34% of species, and 28% of species showed no macroecological
 body size relationships. Most notably, every species that expressed
 Bergmann's rule was a cool or coldwater species while every species
 that expressed converse Bergmann's rule was a warmwater species,
 highlighting how these patterns are likely connected to species thermal
 niches. This study contradicts previous research suggesting
 Bergmann's rule does not apply to freshwater fishes, and is congruent
 with an emerging paradigm of variable macroecological body size patterns
 in poikilotherms.
description: Supplementary Dataset
 1Maximum body size
 records for studied North American freshwater fishes. Each record
 represents a US State angling record for the species. A latitude and
 longitude centroid for each ecosystem of catch was determined a priori
 using Google Earth software. Latitude-longitude data were subsequently
 uploaded into the climate interpolation program NewLocClim to generate
 site specific information on elevation, mean annual air temperature and
 growing degree days&gt;10 degrees C. A total of 16 records was considered
 the prerequisite number for inclusion in the published analysis. A larger
 database including species with &lt;16 observations can be obtained from
 the author.Supplementary Table 1 -
 Uploaded.xls
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6d2dud
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 62 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mexico",
 "TaxonKey is Stenella frontalis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 62 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000465-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mf3gd
title: Data from: Genetic consequences of breaking migratory traditions in barnacle geese Branta leucopsis

description: Cultural transmission of migratory traditions enables species to deal with
 their environment based on experiences from earlier generations. Also, it
 allows a more adequate and rapid response to rapidly changing
 environments. When individuals break with their migratory traditions, new
 population structures can emerge that may affect gene flow. Recently, the
 migratory traditions of the Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis changed, and
 new populations differing in migratory distance emerged. Here, we
 investigate the population genetic structure of the Barnacle Goose to
 evaluate the consequences of altered migratory traditions. We used a set
 of 358 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to genotype 418
 individuals from breeding populations in Greenland, Spitsbergen, Russia,
 Sweden and the Netherlands, the latter two being newly emerged
 populations. We used discriminant analysis of principal components, FST,
 linkage disequilibrium and a comparison of geneflow models using migrate-n
 to show that there is significant population structure, but that
 relatively many pairs of SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium, suggesting
 recent admixture between these populations. Despite the assumed traditions
 of migration within populations, we also show that genetic exchange occurs
 between all populations. The newly established nonmigratory population in
 the Netherlands is characterized by high emigration into other
 populations, which suggests more exploratory behaviour, possibly as a
 result of shortened parental care. These results suggest that migratory
 traditions in populations are subject to change in geese and that such
 changes have population genetic consequences. We argue that the emergence
 of nonmigration probably resulted from developmental plasticity.
description: correctedfulldatasetFull data set for DAPC analysisdata set for LD analysisRelated pairs were excluded in this file.Full data excluding related individuals for LD analysisFile for figure 4Prior and posterior assignment probabilities required for building fig 4.fstciThe FST values and their confidence intervals.matrixLDNL2The matrix with LD pairs for NL population.matrixLDRUS2The matrix with LD pairs for Russian population.matrixLDSP2The matrix with LD pairs for Spitsbergen population.MatrixLDSW2The matrix with LD pairs for Sweden population.real-model1settings and output for migrate-N model 1real-model2settings and output for migrate-N model 2real-model3settings and output for migrate-N model 3real-model4settings and output for migrate-N model 4real-model5settings and output for migrate-N model 5real-model6settings and output for migrate-N model 6real-model7settings and output for migrate-N model 7totalfileInput file for Migrate-N model comparison
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hp38ct1
title: Data from: Bison body size and climate change

description: The relationship between body size and temperature of mammals is poorly
 resolved, especially for large keystone species such as bison (Bison
 bison). Bison are well-represented in the fossil record across North
 America, which provides an opportunity to relate body size to climate
 within a species. We measured the length of a leg bone (calcaneal tuber,
 DstL) in 849 specimens from 60 localities that were dated by stratigraphy
 and 14C decay. We estimated body mass (M) as: M = (DstL/11.49) 3. Average
 annual temperature was estimated from δ18O values in the ice cores from
 Greenland. Calcaneal tuber length of Bison declined over the last 40,000
 years, that is, average body mass was 37% larger (910 ± 50 kg) than today
 (665 ± 21 kg). Average annual temperature has warmed by 6°C since the Last
 Glacial Maximum (~24-18 kya) and is predicted to further increase by 4°C
 by the end of the 21st century. If body size continues to linearly respond
 to global temperature, Bison body mass will likely decline by an
 additional 46%, to 357 ± 54 kg, with an increase of 4°C globally. The rate
 of mass loss is 41 ± 10 kg per °C increase of global temperature. Changes
 in body size of Bison may be a result of migration, disease, or human
 harvest but those effects are likely to be local and short-term and not
 likely to persist over the long-time-scale of the fossil record. The
 strong correspondence between body size of bison and air temperature is
 more likely the result of persistent effects on the ability to grow and
 the consequences of sustaining a large body mass in a warming environment.
 Continuing rises in global temperature will likely depress body sizes of
 bison, and perhaps other large grazers, without human intervention.
description: Bison body size and
 climate change datasetLocality information:
 name, geologic age, latitude, longitude, specimen numbers, specimen
 voucher list, locality summary statistics, GISP2 temperature, linear
 osteometrics, species, elevation, etc.Bison_fullDB for
 MS.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1113
title: Data from: Estimation of bumblebee queen dispersal distances using sibship reconstruction method

description: Dispersal ability is a key determinant of the propensity of an organism to
 cope with habitat fragmentation and climate change. Here we quantify queen
 dispersal in two common bumblebee species in an arable landscape.
 Dispersal was measured by taking DNA samples from workers in the spring
 and summer, and from queens in the following spring, at 14 sites across a
 landscape. The queens captured in the spring must be full sisters of
 workers that were foraging in the previous year. A range of sibship
 reconstruction methods were compared using simulated datasets including or
 no genotyping errors. The programme Colony gave the most accurate
 reconstruction and was used for our analysis of queen dispersal.
 Comparison of queen dispersion with worker foraging distances was used to
 take into account an expected low level of false identification of sister
 pairs which might otherwise lead to overestimates of dispersal. Our data
 show that Bombus pascuorum and B. lapidarius queens can disperse by at
 least 3 km and 5 km, respectively. These estimates are consistent with
 inferences drawn from studies of population structuring in common and rare
 bumblebee species, and suggest that regular gene flow over several
 kilometres due to queen dispersal are likely to be sufficient to maintain
 genetic cohesion of ubiquitous species over large spatial scales whereas
 rare bumblebee species appear unable to regularly disperse over distances
 greater than 10 km. Our results have clear implications for conservation
 strategies for this important pollinator group, particularly when
 attempting to conserve fragmented populations.
description: Bombus pascuorum and B.
 lapidarius microsatellite data.xlsMicrosatellite data of
 Bombus pascuorum and B. lapidarius workers and queens collected in the
 field at 14 different sites. The first four column are individual code,
 sample site code, cast of individual and date of sampling (early in 2007
 or late in 2007 for workers and 2008 for queens), the remaining columns
 contain the alleles at 9 (pascuorum) or 10 (lapidarius) microsatellite
 loci (missing data are indicated by "NA").Data for
 Dryad.xls