cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15482/usda.adc/25565454
title: Data from: Above-ground plant properties are not leading indicators of grazing-induced soil carbon accrual in the Northern Great Plains

description: This is digital research data corresponding to a manuscript, Above-ground plant properties are not leading indicators of grazing-induced soil carbon accrual in the Northern Great Plains, published in Ecological Indicators. Little is known about how grazing-induced shifts in plant properties correspond with shifts in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. To help fill this gap, we used data from a field experiment to test whether above-ground plant properties (i.e. biomass, species richness) act as leading indicators of grazing-induced SOC accrual in the Northern Great Plains, USA.Our 5-yr bovine grazing experiment had a randomized complete block design and pre-treatment data. Moderate summer grazing (control) is widely used in the Northern Great Plains, and treatments that may alter grassland vegetation and SOC included: severe summer grazing, moderate fall grazing, and severe fall grazing. The four grazing treatments were applied to 20 paddocks (60 × 30 m) arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Grazing intensities approximated recommended (i.e. moderate; 1 animal unit month [AUM] × ha<sup>-1</sup> × year<sup>-1</sup>) and severe (1.5 AUM × ha<sup>-1</sup> × year<sup>-1</sup>) stocking rates. Summer grazing occurred during the third week of June and fall grazing was after killing frosts at the end of October.This study's dataset is of a subset of data for this grazing experiment. Given the study aim's, the dataset included a single measure of SOC stock (0-60 cm depth increment) and three plant properties (current-year above-ground biomass, older dead above-ground biomass, and plant species richness). SOC data were for 2013 and 2018 while plant data were for 2014 and 2017. Additional details can be found in the readme file, open access manuscript, and manuscript's supplement.
DOI: 10.15482/usda.adc/25565454.v1
title: Data from: Above-ground plant properties are not leading indicators of grazing-induced soil carbon accrual in the Northern Great Plains

description: This is digital research data corresponding to a manuscript, Above-ground plant properties are not leading indicators of grazing-induced soil carbon accrual in the Northern Great Plains, published in Ecological Indicators. Little is known about how grazing-induced shifts in plant properties correspond with shifts in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. To help fill this gap, we used data from a field experiment to test whether above-ground plant properties (i.e. biomass, species richness) act as leading indicators of grazing-induced SOC accrual in the Northern Great Plains, USA.Our 5-yr bovine grazing experiment had a randomized complete block design and pre-treatment data. Moderate summer grazing (control) is widely used in the Northern Great Plains, and treatments that may alter grassland vegetation and SOC included: severe summer grazing, moderate fall grazing, and severe fall grazing. The four grazing treatments were applied to 20 paddocks (60 × 30 m) arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Grazing intensities approximated recommended (i.e. moderate; 1 animal unit month [AUM] × ha<sup>-1</sup> × year<sup>-1</sup>) and severe (1.5 AUM × ha<sup>-1</sup> × year<sup>-1</sup>) stocking rates. Summer grazing occurred during the third week of June and fall grazing was after killing frosts at the end of October.This study's dataset is of a subset of data for this grazing experiment. Given the study aim's, the dataset included a single measure of SOC stock (0-60 cm depth increment) and three plant properties (current-year above-ground biomass, older dead above-ground biomass, and plant species richness). SOC data were for 2013 and 2018 while plant data were for 2014 and 2017. Additional details can be found in the readme file, open access manuscript, and manuscript's supplement.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q6ds5
title: Data from: Does kin selection moderate sexual conflict in Drosophila?

description: Two recent studies provide provocative experimental findings about the
 potential influence of kin recognition and cooperation on the level of
 sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster. In both studies, male fruit
 flies apparently curbed their mate-harming behaviours in the presence of a
 few familiar or related males, suggesting some form of cooperation
 mediated by kin selection. In one study, the reduction in agonistic
 behaviour by brothers apparently rendered them vulnerable to dramatic loss
 of paternity share when competing with an unrelated male. If these results
 are robust and generalizable, fruit flies could be a major new focus for
 the experimental study of kin selection and social evolution. In our
 opinion, however, the restrictive conditions required for male cooperation
 to be adaptive in this species make it unlikely to evolve. We investigated
 these phenomena in two different populations of D. melanogaster using
 protocols very similar to those in the two previous studies. Our
 experiments show no evidence for a reduction in mate harm based upon
 either relatedness or familiarity between males, and no reduction in male
 reproductive success when two brothers are in the presence of an
 unfamiliar, unrelated, ‘foreign’ male. Thus, the reduction of sexual
 conflict owing to male cooperation does not appear to be a general feature
 of the species, at least under domestication, and these contrasting
 results call for further investigation: in new populations, in the field
 and in the laboratory populations in which these phenomena have been
 reported.
description: Raw data from the HARM
 experimentData collected in
 laboratory experiment conducted in 2014. See README file for list of
 variables.HARM.csvRaw data from the FOREIGN male experimentData collected in laboratory at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada in 2014FOREIGN.csvStatistical detailsThis file includes all of the statistical details, as well as R code and output for the analyses presented in the main text of this paper, as well as some ancillary supporting analyses not reported in the paper.statistics.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.28713
title: Data from: Clap-and-fling mechanism in a hovering insect-like two-winged flapping-wing micro air vehicle

description: This study used numerical and experimental approaches to investigate the
 role played by the clap-and-fling mechanism in enhancing force generation
 in hovering insect-like two-winged flapping-wing micro air vehicle
 (FW-MAV). The flapping mechanism was designed to symmetrically flap wings
 at a high flapping amplitude of approximately 192°. The clap-and-fling
 mechanisms were thereby implemented at both dorsal and ventral stroke
 reversals. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was constructed based
 on three-dimensional wing kinematics to estimate the force generation,
 which was validated by the measured forces using a 6-axis load cell. The
 computed forces proved that the CFD model provided reasonable estimation
 with differences less than 8%, when compared with the measured forces. The
 measurement indicated that the clap and flings at both the stroke
 reversals augmented the average vertical force by 16.2% when compared with
 the force without the clap-and-fling effect. In the CFD simulation, the
 clap and flings enhanced the vertical force by 11.5% and horizontal drag
 force by 18.4%. The observations indicated that both the fling and the
 clap contributed to the augmented vertical force by 62.6% and 37.4%,
 respectively, and to the augmented horizontal drag force by 71.7% and
 28.3%, respectively. The flow structures suggested that a strong downwash
 was expelled from the opening gap between the trailing edges during the
 fling as well as the clap at each stroke reversal. In addition to the
 fling phases, the influx of air into the low-pressure region between the
 wings from the leading edges also significantly contributed to
 augmentation of the vertical force. The study conducted for high Reynolds
 numbers also confirmed that the effect of the clap and fling was
 insignificant when the minimum distance between the two wings exceeded
 1.2c (c = wing chord). Thus, the clap and flings were successfully
 implemented in the FW-MAV, and there was a significant improvement in the
 vertical force.
description: RSOS-Supporting data for
 figures
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m5g71
title: Data from: Migration strategies and annual space-use in an Afro-Palaearctic aerial insectivore – the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus

description: Obligate insectivorous birds breeding in high latitudes travel thousands
 of kilometres during annual movements to track the local seasonal peaks of
 food abundance in a continuously fluctuating resource landscape. Avian
 migrants use an array of strategies when conducting these movements
 depending on e.g. morphology, life history traits and environmental
 factors encountered en route. Here we used geolocators to derive data on
 the annual space-use, temporal pattern and migratory strategies in an
 Afro-Palaearctic aerial insectivorous bird species – the European nightjar
 Caprimulgus europaeus. More specifically, we aimed to test a set of
 hypothesises pertaining to the migration of a population of nightjars
 breeding in south-eastern Sweden. We found that the birds wintered across
 the central and western parts of the southern tropical Africa almost
 entirely outside the currently described wintering range of the species.
 The nightjars performed a narrow loop migration across Sahara, with spring
 Sahel stopovers significantly to the west of autumn stops indicative to an
 adaptive response to winds during migration. To our surprise, the
 migration speed was faster in the autumn (119 km d− 1) than in the spring
 (99 km d− 1), possibly due to the prevailing wind regimes over the Sahara.
 The estimated flight fraction in both autumn (14%) and spring (12%) was
 almost exactly as the theoretically predicted 1:7 time relationship
 between flights and stopovers for small birds. The temporal patterns
 within the annual cycle indicate that individuals follow alternative
 spatiotemporal schedules that converge towards the breeding season. The
 positive relationship between the spatially and temporally distant winter
 departure and breeding arrival suggests that individuals´ temporal
 fine-tuning to breeding may be constrained, leading to potential negative
 fitness consequences.
description: RawPositionsBirdIdA data table with the time stamps from the light data as recognised by the threshold method, along with the derived lat/long for position, used for each individual bird.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n50b4
title: Data from: Fine-scale environmental control of hybridization in oaks

description: Natural hybridization is attracting much interest in modern speciation and
 conservation biology studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly
 understood. In particular, it is unclear why environmental changes often
 increase hybridization rates. To study this question, we surveyed mating
 events in a mixed oak stand and developed a spatially-explicit
 individual-based hybridization model. This model, where hybridization is
 frequency dependent, pollen is non-limiting and which allows immigrant
 pollen to compete with local pollen, takes into account species-specific
 pollen dispersal and sexual barriers to hybridization. The consequences of
 pollen limitation on hybridization were studied using another simple
 model. The results indicate that environmental changes could increase
 hybridization rates through two distinct mechanisms. First, by disrupting
 the spatial organisation of communities, they should decrease the
 proportion of conspecific pollen available for mating, thus increasing
 hybridization rates. Second, by decreasing the density of conspecifics,
 they should increase pollen limitation and thus hybridization rates, as a
 consequence of chance pollination predominating over deterministic pollen
 competition. Altogether, our results point to a need for considering
 hybridization events at the appropriate level of organisation and provide
 new insights into why hybridization rates generally increase in disturbed
 environments.
description: Lagache2012
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69qj0
title: Data from: Intraguild predation leads to cascading effects on habitat choice, behaviour and reproductive performance

description: Intraguild predation (IGP) is a commonly recognized mechanism influencing
 the community structure of predators, but the complex interactions are
 notoriously difficult to disentangle. The mesopredator suppression
 hypothesis predicts that a superpredator may either simultaneously repress
 two mesopredators, restrain the dominant one and thereby release the
 subdominant mesopredator, or elicit different responses by both
 mesopredators. We show the outcome arising from such conditions in a
 three-level predator assemblage (Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo L., northern
 goshawk Accipiter gentilis L. and common buzzard Buteo buteo L.) studied
 over 25 years. In the second half of the study period, the eagle owl
 re-colonized the study area, thereby providing a natural experiment of
 superpredator introduction. We combined this set-up with detailed GIS
 analysis of habitat use and a field experiment simulating intrusion by the
 superpredator into territories of the subdominant mesopredator, the
 buzzard. Although population trends were positive for all three species in
 the assemblage, the proportion of failed breeding attempts increased
 significantly in both mesopredators after the superpredator re-colonized
 the area. We predicted that superpredator-induced niche shifts in the
 dominant mesopredator may facilitate mesopredator coexistence in
 superpredator-free refugia. We found significant changes in nesting
 habitat choice in goshawk, but not in buzzard. Since competition for
 enemy-free refugia and the rapid increase in population density may have
 constrained niche shifts of the subdominant mesopredator, we further
 predicted behavioural changes in response to the superpredator. The field
 experiment indeed showed a significant increase in aggressive response of
 buzzards towards eagle owl territory intrusion over the course of 10
 years, probably due to phenotypic plasticity in the response towards
 superpredation risk. Overall, our results show that intraguild predation
 can be a powerful force of behavioural change, simultaneously influencing
 habitat use and aggressiveness in predator communities. These changes
 might help to buffer mesopredator populations against the negative effects
 of intraguild predation.
description: Data
 IGPcollected in the field;
 software used to create the data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2s6f9
title: Data from: Ecological genomics meets community-level modeling of biodiversity: mapping the genomic landscape of current and future environmental adaptation

description: Local adaptation is a central feature of most species occupying spatially
 heterogeneous environments, and may factor critically in responses to
 environmental change. However, most efforts to model the response of
 species to climate change ignore intraspecific variation due to local
 adaptation. Here, we present a new perspective on spatial modelling of
 organism–environment relationships that combines genomic data and
 community-level modelling to develop scenarios regarding the geographic
 distribution of genomic variation in response to environmental change.
 Rather than modelling species within communities, we use these techniques
 to model large numbers of loci across genomes. Using balsam poplar
 (Populus balsamifera) as a case study, we demonstrate how our framework
 can accommodate nonlinear responses of loci to environmental gradients. We
 identify a threshold response to temperature in the circadian clock gene
 GIGANTEA-5 (GI5), suggesting that this gene has experienced strong local
 adaptation to temperature. We also demonstrate how these methods can map
 ecological adaptation from genomic data, including the identification of
 predicted differences in the genetic composition of populations under
 current and future climates. Community-level modelling of genomic
 variation represents an important advance in landscape genomics and
 spatial modelling of biodiversity that moves beyond species-level
 assessments of climate change vulnerability.
description: gradientForests: Table
 of environmental / spatial predictors and minor allele
 frequenciesData used to fit
 gradient forest models for reference and candidate SNPs from 31 balsam
 poplar populations.poplarSNP.ENV.data.4.GF.csvGDM: Table of Fst distances and geographic / environmental dataData used to fit generalized dissimilarity models for reference and candidate SNPs from 31 balsam poplar populations. Tables is in GDM site-pair format, with Fst distances for each SNP dataset.poplarFst.ENV.data.4.GDM.csvR scripts for modeling and mapping genomic variationR scripts to use gradient forest and generalized dissimilarity modeling to model and map genomic variation under current and future climate.gf.gdm.snpModels.4dryad.R
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qh7pjg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 213585 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Africa",
 "Country is Kenya",
 "Geometry POLYGON((39.77467 -3.51376,40.05945 -3.51376,40.05945 -3.16084,39.77467 -3.16084,39.77467 -3.51376))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aves"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 213585 records from 35 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000589-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pj6769r
title: Data from: Spatio-temporal variation in fitness responses to contrasting environments in Arabidopsis thaliana

description: The evolutionary response of organisms to global climate change is
 expected to be strongly conditioned by pre-existing standing genetic
 variation. In addition, natural selection imposed by global climate change
 on fitness-related traits can be heterogeneous over time. We estimated
 selection of life-history traits of an entire genetic lineage of the plant
 A. thaliana occurring in north-western Iberian Peninsula that were
 transplanted over multiple years into two environmentally contrasting
 field sites in southern Spain, as southern environments are expected to
 move progressively northwards with climate change in the Iberian
 Peninsula. The results indicated that natural selection on flowering time
 prevailed over that on recruitment. Selection favored early flowering in
 six of eight experiments and late flowering in the other two. Such
 heterogeneity of selection for flowering time might be a powerful
 mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity in the long run. We also found
 that north-western A. thaliana accessions from warmer environments
 exhibited higher fitness and higher phenotypic plasticity for flowering
 time in southern experimental facilities. Overall, our transplant
 experiments suggested that north-western Iberian A. thaliana has the means
 to cope with increasingly warmer environments in the region as predicted
 by trends in global climate change models.
description: Data 50 Iberian
 Arabidopsis thaliana accessionsEnvironmental, genetic
 and phenotypic data from 50 Iberian Arabidopsis thaliana
 accessions.Arabidopsis_data_GRA_SNE_4may18.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5pf64
title: Data from: GRF-interacting factor1 regulates shoot architecture and meristem determinacy in maize

description: Plant architecture results from a balance of indeterminate and determinate
 cell fates. Cells with indeterminate fates are located in meristems,
 comprising groups of pluripotent cells that produce lateral organs.
 Meristematic cells are also found in intercalary stem tissue, which
 provides cells for internodes, and at leaf margins to contribute to leaf
 width. We identified a maize (Zea mays) mutant that has a defect in
 balancing determinacy and indeterminacy. The mutant has narrow leaves and
 short internodes, suggesting a reduction in indeterminate cells in the
 leaf and stem. In contrast, the mutants fail to control indeterminacy in
 shoot meristems. Inflorescence meristems are fasciated, and determinate
 axillary meristems become indeterminate. Positional cloning identified
 growth regulating factor-interacting factor1 (gif1) as the responsible
 gene. gif1 mRNA accumulates in distinct domains of shoot meristems,
 consistent with tissues affected by the mutation. We determined which
 GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) interact with GIF1 and carried out
 RNA-seq analysis. Many genes known to play roles in inflorescence
 architecture were differentially expressed in gif1. Chromatin
 immunoprecipitation identified some differentially expressed genes as
 direct targets of GIF1. The interactions with these diverse direct and
 indirect targets help explain the paradoxical phenotypes of maize GIF1.
 These results provide insights into the biological functions of gif1.
description: Supplemental Data Set
 1Differentially expressed
 genes between wild type and gif1-1 mutant.Supplemental Data Set
 2Putative GIF1 target
 genes (GIF1 high-confidence peak within 10kb).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q6h1j
title: Data from: Size dependency in colour patterns of Western Palearctic carabids

description: Body colouration is of high evolutionary relevance for most animals.
 Several competing hypotheses exist regarding the evolutionary reasons for
 animal colouration ranging from predator avoidance and sexual
 advertisement to neutral selection. Among these hypotheses, biophysical
 principles suggest the thermoregulatory importance of dark colouration
 which in turn strongly depends on species body size. This body size –
 darkness trade-off is based on sound theoretical background conceptualized
 in the thermal melanism hypothesis and is confirmed by numerous case
 studies for individual species. However, evidence for the general
 relevance of this trade-off on large spatial and taxonomic scale is still
 missing. Here we specifically focus on this body size – colouration
 trade-off for a hyper-diverse and cosmopolitan group of insects, namely
 ground beetles. We combined colour information with trait data and
 distributional as well as bioclimatic attributes for more than 1,000
 carabid species from the entire Western Palearctic. We quantified
 species-specific body colouration from high-quality, standardised digital
 photographs using the Munsell colour system. We detect a strong increase
 of colour darkness with body size from small to medium-sized carabids up
 to a body size threshold of 15 mm which is consistent with the thermal
 melanism hypothesis. However, body size showed no effect above this
 threshold and colour darkness remained constantly high which is in
 accordance with previous ideas about the size-dependency of
 thermoregulative control mechanisms (size dependence hypothesis). By
 demonstrating a strong tendency towards darkness with increasing body
 size, we illustrate the inter-specific relevance of body colouration for
 this cosmopolitan group of ectotherms on a continental scale. The putative
 thermoregulative trade-off between body size and melanism seems to be of
 significant importance for carabids on a broad spatial scale and may be a
 general but still underestimated phenomenon for ectotherms in general,
 although other mechanistic drivers cannot be completely neglected.
description: Data_SchweigerAndBeierkuhnlein2015_CarabidColourationData of species colouration, morphological, ecological, distributional and bioclimatic traits used for the analyses. References to other data sources are given in the data-file.