cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78705
title: James Boyce Malula, Domasi, Malawi, ca.1920-1929

description: "James Boyce Malula, Bathia his wife and Jessie Murial his daughter. He is the Domasi hospital assistant". Portrait of a married couple and their daughter. The man wears a white suit, shirt and tie and a pith helmet lies on the ground at his feet. He stands leaning his hand on the shoullder of his wife, who sits in a chair wearing a white dress and holding an umbrella. A young girl stands and leans into her mothers lap. ❧ The Domasi Mission was founded in 1884 by Rev. Alexander Hetherwick (1860-1939). It is one of a number of important missions in Southern Nyasaland and takes its name from the largest river that flows into Lake Shirwa [Chilwa] on the western shore. It is situated north of Blantyre near Mount Zomba. The station was central to the medical work in the area, and trained girls in industrial and domestic work. Mr Hetherwick was an accomplished linguist and translated the New Testament in to the Yao language and wrote manuals on the Yao and Nyanja languages. ❧ The photograph is stamped by the printer - "M. M. Chisuse, The African photographer, Blantyre, Nyasaland". ❧ This photograph is one of several taken during Miss Muir's time serving in the Domasi mission where she gave medical support throughout the region. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78745
title: Muteori, Kikuyu Chief, Kenya, ca.1920

description: “Muteori – Kikuyu Chief”. Portrait of an indigenous man sitting on the ground in front of a thatched roofed hut. He is wrapped in an animal hide and sports jewellery in the form of necklaces, anklets and earrings, a short spear stands next to him. ❧ Good relationships with local chiefs was an important part of the missions work and each village would have a chief or elder. There were three indigenous tribes in the area; the Kikuyu, the Kamba and the Masai. ❧ Kikuyu Mission was established, in 1898 in the Thogoto district of the Central Highlands, by Rev. Thomas Watson after the first site at Kibwezi was abandoned. After Rev. Thomas Watson’s death in 1900 the mission was handed over to the Church of Scotland from the East Africa Scottish Mission, an arm of the Imperial East Africa Company. Dr David Clement Ruffelle Scott (1853-1907) ran the mission for seven years [1901-1907]. His nephew was Dr John William Arthur (1881-1952), in Kikuyu from 1907-1938, who would have been running the mission at the time of this photograph. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78719
title: School garden, Malawi, ca.1888-1929

description: "School boys in the school garden." "Nyasaland [Malawi]." ❧ Photograph showing four young men each working in separate plots, one next to another. In each plot a small selection of various crops are being grown in neat rows, and the boys are weeding between them. ❧ Blantyre Mission was established in 1876 in the Shire Highlands of Southern Nyasaland [Malawi] by Henry Henderson (1843-1891) and from here other mission stations were established at Zomba, Domasi, Chirazulu and Mlanje. Blantyre was named after the birth place of David Livingstone, in South Lanarkshire, and is famous for the ornate church built by Clement Scott. According to Stewart of Lovedale it is, ‘probably the most striking native church in all central Africa, except the cathedral at Zanzibar’. The Blantyre mission excelled in medical and education provision and encouraged the commercialisation of the area through opening trade routes and the cultivation of tobacco, and other cash, crops. This was, in part, a response to the slave trade and missionaries believed that an end to this practice could only be achieved through the development of alternative trading patterns. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78744
title: Collecting firewood, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1920

description: "Boys bringing in Firewood". Exterior view showing six boys carrying wood that has been collected and bound up. They are carrying the wood on their heads except two boys who have lowered the bundles which are as high as the children. ❧ Kikuyu Mission was established, in 1898 in the Thogoto district of the Central Highlands, by Rev. Thomas Watson after the first site at Kibwezi was abandoned. After Rev. Thomas Watson’s death in 1900 the mission was handed over to the Church of Scotland from the East Africa Scottish Mission, an arm of the Imperial East Africa Company. Dr David Clement Ruffelle Scott (1853-1907) ran the mission for seven years [1901-1907]. His nephew was Dr John William Arthur (1881-1952), in Kikuyu from 1907-1938, who would have been running the mission at the time of this photograph. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78742
title: Manse, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1915

description: “Kikuyu Manse.” Exterior view showing a bungalow structure with a verandah running along the front. The building is raised above the ground and steps lead up to the verandah from the broad lawn in the foreground. ❧ The manse was the residence of J.W. Arthur (1881-1952) who worked in the field from 1911-1938. He was responsible for the Kikuyu Conference, 1913, to establish cooperation between the Presbyterian missions, he campaigned for educational rights for Africans, against female circumcision and he established the Kikuyu Mission volunteer carrier corps during the First World War. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78754
title: Harvest festival, Iringa, Tanzania, ca.1922

description: "Harvest thanksgiving, Iringa." Interior view of a church looking towards the altar. A large selection of fruit, vegetables, pulses and grains are displayed in the foreground and two large wall clocks sit either side of the display. ❧ The Church of Scotland, based in Nyasaland [Malawi], took over the work of the Berliner Missionsgesellschaft [Berlin Missionary Society], in the Iringa district of German East Africa [Tanzania], after the deportation of German missionaries during the First World War. The British authorities were concerned that the mission stations were being used to supply the enemy and that they exerted too great an influence in the region. James Hetherwick, from Blantyre, was worried that the German missionaries would not be allowed to return and their successful work would falter. He appealed to Robert Laws at Livingstonia to cooperate in caring for the German fields. ❧ Andrew M. Anderson and Duncan Ross Mackenzie were the two main participants in Iringa and the Churches custodianship of the Berlin Missionary society’s property. Mr Anderson opened a large number of schools in the region. The indigenous population were predominately from the Hehe tribe and the three main stations were at Lupembe, Kidugala and Ilembula with numerous sub-stations, many of which had fallen into disrepair after the war. ❧ When the German missionaries started to return there were disputes over whether they should be allowed to return to their former station. The Church of Scotland home authorities eventually ruled, in 1925, that the German missions should be returned. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78751
title: Mission School, Iringa, Tanzania, 1922

description: “Mission School and [?] in Makoga, 1922.” Group portrait outside the school house. A large group in indigenous children sit on the ground whilst behind them stand a row of adults, presumably teachers, parents and missionary workers. ❧ The Church of Scotland, based in Nyasaland [Malawi], took over the work of the Berliner Missionsgesellschaft [Berlin Missionary Society], in the Iringa district of German East Africa [Tanzania], after the deportation of German missionaries during the First World War. The British authorities were concerned that the mission stations were being used to supply the enemy and that they exerted too great an influence in the region. James Hetherwick, from Blantyre, was worried that the German missionaries would not be allowed to return and their successful work would falter. He appealed to Robert Laws at Livingstonia to cooperate in caring for the German fields. ❧ Andrew M. Anderson and Duncan Ross Mackenzie were the two main participants in Iringa and the Churches custodianship of the Berlin Missionary society’s property. Mr Anderson opened a large number of schools in the region. The indigenous population were predominately from the Hehe tribe and the three main stations were at Lupembe, Kidugala and Ilembula with numerous sub-stations, many of which had fallen into disrepair after the war. ❧ When the German missionaries started to return there were disputes over whether they should be allowed to return to their former station. The Church of Scotland home authorities eventually ruled, in 1925, that the German missions should be returned. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78693
title: Group of Deacons, Malawi, ca.1888-1929

description: "Group of Deacons". "Nyasaland". Group portrait of five men posing for the camera beside the doorway to a building. The men wear white shirts and jackets or robes and the picture is possibly taken in Domasi. ❧ The Domasi Mission was founded in 1884 by Rev. Alexander Hetherwick (1860-1939). It is one of a number of important missions in Southern Nyasaland and takes its name from the largest river that flows into Lake Shirwa [Chilwa] on the western shore. It is situated north of Blantyre near Mount Zomba. The station was central to the medical work in the area, and trained girls in industrial and domestic work. Mr Hetherwick was an accomplished linguist and translated the New Testament in to the Yao language and wrote manuals on the Yao and Nyanja languages. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78739
title: Kikuyu Kirk Session, Kenya, 1920

description: “Dr. Ogilvie & Kikuyu Kirk Session.” Group portrait showing a number of the members of the Kirk Session, Dr Ogilvie is seated in the centre with two European men on either side. The rest of the group consist of indigenous men, all smartly dressed in suits, and they are posed in front of a Kikuyu mission church. ❧ James Nicoll Ogilvie M.A., D.D. (1860-1926) was Moderator of the General Assembly and, in 1920, Commissioner of the Church of Scotland to Africa Mission Fields and in that role travelled throughout Africa. These travels are recounted in 'Afric's Sunny Fountains' (1921). At this time Dr Ogilvie inaugurated changes in the governance of the Presbyterian Church in Kenya. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78743
title: Staff at Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1920

description: “Kikuyu Staff – ([?] Donald Macleod).” Group portrait of the staff at Kikuyu standing at the door of a small church, they may be coming from a service, There is an equal number of men to woman, the only child is a small boy standing in front of a woman who rest her hand on his head. ❧ Kikuyu Mission was established, in 1898 in the Thogoto district of the Central Highlands, by Rev. Thomas Watson after the first site at Kibwezi was abandoned. After Rev. Thomas Watson’s death in 1900 the mission was handed over to the Church of Scotland from the East Africa Scottish Mission, an arm of the Imperial East Africa Company. Dr David Clement Ruffelle Scott (1853-1907) ran the mission for seven years [1901-1907]. His nephew was Dr John William Arthur (1881-1952), in Kikuyu from 1907-1938, who would have been running the mission at the time of this photograph. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78737
title: Dr Ogilvie, Kenya, September 1920

description: [From left to right] “Witch Doctor. The Chief’s father. A blood brother of the Agikuyu, Sept. 1920, Kenia. A leading light. The village blacksmith.” ❧ Group portrait of five men, the one in the centre being Dr Ogilvie, four of whom are holding a garland, or cutting, of leaves. ❧ James Nicoll Ogilvie M.A., D.D. (1860-1926) was Moderator of the General Assembly and, in 1920, Commissioner of the Church of Scotland to Africa Mission Fields and in that role travelled throughout Africa. These travels are recounted in 'Afric's Sunny Fountains' (1921). At this time Dr Ogilvie inaugurated changes in the governance of the Presbyterian Church in Kenya. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78741
title: Conference attendees, Kikuyu, Kenya, 1913

description: “Kikuyu conference, June 1913.” Group portrait showing a large number of western European men and women gathered outside a building in Kikuyu and representing various protestant missions across British East Africa [Kenya]. ❧ The conference was arranged by John William Arthur (1881-1952) in an attempt to establish cooperation between protestant missions. The eventual outcome was the formation of the Alliance of Protestant Missions, the fore runner of the National Council of Churches of Kenya. ❧ The Conference caused a furor when it was discovered that an interdenominational communion service had been held and the proposal that churches could be opened to various denominations for services. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78736
title: Dr. Ogilvie, Kenya, September 1920

description: "The body guard of the Very Rev. J.N. Ogilvie D.D. at Kenia [P&A?] Sept. 1920." Group portrait of Dr Ogilvie standing in the middle of a line of Kikuyu warriors, who wear feathered headdresses and hold leather shields and spears. ❧ James Nicoll Ogilvie M.A., D.D. (1860-1926) was Moderator of the General Assembly and, in 1920, Commissioner of the Church of Scotland to Africa Mission Fields and in that role travelled throughout Africa. These travels are recounted in 'Afric's Sunny Fountains' (1921). At this time Dr Ogilvie inaugurated changes in the governance of the Presbyterian Church in Kenya. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78738
title: Chief Muturi, Kenya, ca.1920

description: "The Chief Muturi and one of his wives, the mother of Waithaka who is now a border at the mission.” Portrait of an indigenous couple both heavily bejewelled and the woman wearing an intricate headpiece. The photograph was possibly taken during the visit of Dr J.N. Ogilvie to Kenya in 1920. ❧ James Nicoll Ogilvie M.A., D.D. (1860-1926) was Moderator of the General Assembly and, in 1920, Commissioner of the Church of Scotland to Africa Mission Fields and in that role travelled throughout Africa. These travels are recounted in 'Afric's Sunny Fountains' (1921). At this time Dr Ogilvie inaugurated changes in the governance of the Presbyterian Church in Kenya. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78723
title: District medical work, Mozambique, ca.1888-1929

description: "District medical work, Portuguese East Africa." "Lomweland" ❧ Photograph of a visit by medical workers, an open chest of medical supplies, bowls, boxes of bandages and bottles and jars sit in the foreground. Behind sit a number of native men and women, several of whom have been treated. Behind the group can be seen two huts with steep thatched roofs and beyond a crop of maize or corn. ❧ Lomweland was part of Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] and the first Church of Scotland mission was established in Mihecani [1913] south east of the Numali hills near Alto Moloque. This was where Lewis Mataka Bandawe translated the New Testement into Lomwe ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78701
title: Girls carrying water, Malawi, ca.1920-1929

description: "Girls carrying water". "Nyasaland [Malawi]". Group photograph of five African girls each with a large earthenware pot carried on top of their heads, each has their right arm raised to hold their pot and they stand in a row facing forward. This photograph is one of several taken during Miss Muir's time serving in the Domasi mission where she gave medical support throughout the region. ❧ The Domasi Mission was founded in 1884 by Rev. Alexander Hetherwick (1860-1939). It is one of a number of important missions in Southern Nyasaland and takes its name from the largest river that flows into Lake Shirwa [Chilwa] on the western shore. It is situated north of Blantyre near Mount Zomba. The station was central to the medical work in the area, and trained girls in industrial and domestic work. Mr Hetherwick was an accomplished linguist and translated the New Testament in to the Yao language and wrote manuals on the Yao and Nyanja languages. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78749
title: Group portrait, Kidugala, Tanzania, ca.1920

description: “Mission staff, Kidugala, Iringa.” Group portrait of the staff of the Kidugala Station who are mostly indigenous men and women, except for four western women and two western men. ❧ The Church of Scotland, based in Malawi [Nyasaland], took over the work of the Berliner Missionsgesellschaft [Berlin Missionary Society], in the Iringa district of Tanzania, after the deportation of German missionaries during the First World War. The British authorities were concerned that the mission stations were being used to supply the enemy and that they exerted too great an influence in the region. James Hetherwick, from Blantyre, was worried that the German missionaries would not be allowed to return and their successful work would falter. He appealed to Robert Laws at Livingstonia to cooperate in caring for the German fields. ❧ Andrew M. Anderson and Duncan Ross Mackenzie were the two main participants in Iringa and the Churches custodianship of the Berlin Missionary society’s property. The indigenous population were predominately from the Hehe tribe and the three main stations were at Lupembe, Kidugala and Ilembula with numerous sub-stations, many of which had fallen into disrepair after the war. ❧ When the German missionaries started to return there were disputes over whether they should be allowed to return to their former station. The Church of Scotland home authorities eventually ruled, in 1925, that the German missions should be returned. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78716
title: Mulanje manse, Malawi, ca.1888-1929

description: "Mulanje manse with mountains in the background, Nyasaland." ❧ Photograph of a manse, built with brick, with a verandah and thatched roof, a number of trees obscure parts of the building. The ground slopes down on the right and the building has been raised to compensate. A large staircase leads up to the front of the manse. ❧ Mulanje was one of a number of important mission stations extending from Blantyre in Southern Nyasaland [Malawi]. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78740
title: Rev. Calderwood and Christians, Kenya, ca.1922

description: “Rev. R. [?] Calderwood & Christians.” Large group portrait taken in the shade of a tree, sitting in the front, on the ground, is the Rev. Robert Calderwood, who was ordained to the Kenya mission on 22 February 1922 and based at Tumutumu. He served in the Highland Light Infantry during the War and was awarded the O.B.E in 1954. The rest of the group are members of the Kirk Session and are indigenous men and women. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78715
title: House, Malawi, ca.1888-1929

description: "Nyasaland." Photograph of a house built in the European style with verandah and thatched roof. The view shows the side and back of the house with trees in the background and a path leading around from the back to the front of the building. The house is possibly the manse at Mulanje near Blantyre. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82213
title: Scarification of young girl, Meru, Kenya, ca.1934

description: “The Nkoro ceremony – making cuts to beautify young girls.” Portrait of a young girl having ceremonial cuts made across her abdomen. The Kenyan missions attempted to curb a number of the traditional activities of the Kikuyu, female circumcision became a predominate area of conflict. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82243
title: Kanja who suffers from leprosy, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1933

description: “A leper mother with child.” Portrait of mother and child lying on the grass. Kanja suffered for years from leprosy, as did her husband who died the year before this picture, and her two children were given into the care of the mission. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82244
title: Portrait of Jason, senior hospital assistant, Chogoria, Kenya, 1934

description: “Hospital assistant, Chogoria.” Portrait of Jason standing outdoors. He wears the original Khaki uniform of the Chogoria hospital and had just recovered from leprosy after intensive treatment. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82217
title: Hospital staff, Chogoria, Kenya, 1933

description: “Hospital staff. dressers, nurses, cook and washermen, as they were in 1933.” Group portrait of the hospital staff, in their khaki uniforms and pork pie hats, with the wards behind them. From left to right are two clothes washers, Jakubu the cook, Jemima and Damari the maternity nurses; Jusufu, Mariko, Justo, dressers, Jackson the dispenser, Henry a dresser and Jason the head-dresser. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82241
title: Wedding group at out-school village, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1935

description: “Wedding at Kiraro O.S.” Wedding group portrait at the Kiraro out-school, part of the Chogoria mission. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.