cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/akhk-9f45
title: Shortwave radiation (direct and diffuse pyranometer) (DP1.00014.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Total, direct, and diffuse shortwave radiation, available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations.  Direct radiation, also called direct beam radiation, is the solar radiation traveling in a straight line from the sun to a plane at the Earth's surface oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays. Diffuse radiation is the solar radiation scattered by particles in the atmosphere and received at a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface. Diffuse radiation comes from the entire sky dome, whereas direct radiation comes from a single direction. Total solar radiation is the sum of direct and diffuse solar radiation received at a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Observations are made by a sensor located at the top of the tower infrastructure. Instrumentation: Delta-T Devices SPN1 Sunshine Pyranometer
DOI: 10.48443/qqn1-py47
title: Dust and particulate size distribution (DP1.00017.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: By deploying optical particulate matter analyzers at a total of 6 sites across three Domains (10, 13, and 15) NEON’s aim is to help the scientific community gain insight on the regional dust transport across the Rocky Mountain region. Aerosol dust can be composed of numerous inorganic and organic elements; everything from biological components such as pollen to the byproducts of incomplete combustion.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The particulate size analyzer has two main components, the DustTrak sensor (TSI DustTrak 8533EP) and its supporting infrastructure, which shelters the sensor from the environment, and provides an flow rate for the sampler that complies with EPA recommendations. Instrumentation: TSI DustTrak model: 8533EP
DOI: 10.48443/ng4d-1375
title: Shortwave radiation (primary pyranometer) (DP1.00022.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Total incoming solar shortwave radiation, available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations. Shortwave radiation is composed of ultraviolet, visible, and a portion of infra-red wavelengths. Total shortwave radiation, also called global radiation, is the incendent shortwave solar radiation (direct and diffuse) received on a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The primary pyranometer is housed in a heated and aspirated ventilation unit at the top of the tower infrastructure. Instrumentation: Kipp and Zonen CMP22 Pyranometer
DOI: 10.48443/0866-ty18
title: Shortwave and longwave radiation (net radiometer) (DP1.00023.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: The four components of net radiation, available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations. Net radiation is the balance between incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation on a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface. This data product provides observations of incoming shortwave, outgoing shortwave, incoming longwave, and outgoing longwave radiation.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Observations of incoming shortwave, outgoing shortwave, incoming longwave, and outgoing longwave radiation are made by a 4-component sensor located at the top of the tower infrastructure as well as on the aquatic met station, while only longwave radiation components are observed in the soil array. Instrumentation: Hukseflux NR01 Net Radiometer
DOI: 10.48443/9ktg-3q11
title: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (DP1.00024.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations. PAR represents the radiation at wavelengths between 400-700 nm (visible light), which constitutes the energy that drives photosynthesis.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: PAR observations are made by sensors located at multiple heights on the tower infrastructure. An additional downward facing sensor is located at the tower top to measure reflected PAR. A single (upward facing) sensor is located on the aquatic met station. Instrumentation: Kipp & Zonen PQS 1 PAR Quantum Sensor
DOI: 10.48443/nnzc-3j10
title: Stable isotopes in precipitation (DP1.00038.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's stable isotopes in wet deposition protocol. Deuterium and oxygen-18 concentrations are measured in precipitation samples.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

asi_externalLabSummaryData:  14

wdi_collection:  30

wdi_collectionIso:  30

wdi_collectionIsoTest:  30

wdi_isoPerSample:  120

wdp_sensor:  30
description: Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes are sampled in conjunction with wet deposition chemistry (DP1.00013.001). Samples are collected in a climate controlled wet deposition collector located at the tower top of terrestrial sites, and at the meteorologic tower of select aquatic sites. The automated assembly detects precipitation with an optical sensor and opens to collect wet deposition during all rain events. Every two weeks samples are retrieved, filtered, and sent for analysis. Instrumentation: N- Con Systems Company Wet Deposition Collector, Manufacture Model No: NEON 00-127-7
DOI: 10.48443/7vr8-0c06
title: Soil heat flux plate (DP1.00040.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Soil heat flux is the amount of thermal energy that moves by conduction across an area of soil in a unit of time and usually expressed in Watts per square meter. This data product represents the soil heat flux at the locations of the heat flux plates below the soil surface. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values. Sensors were initially installed at ~8 cm deep at most sites and are in the process of being moved to ~5 cm deep.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The soil heat flux data product is available at all NEON TIS sites. At each site, soil heat flux sensors are distributed within three of the five soil plots within the TIS soil array. Instrumentation: Hukseflux HFP01SC: Self-Calibrating Heat Flux Sensor
DOI: 10.48443/sacf-dc09
title: Soil temperature (DP1.00041.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Soil temperature is measured at various depths below the soil surface from approximately 2 cm down to 200 cm at non-permafrost sites (down to 300 cm at Alaskan sites). Soil temperature influences the rate of biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, and root and soil biota activity. In addition, soil temperature can impact the hydrologic cycle since it controls whether soil water is in a liquid or solid state. Measurements are made in vertical profiles consisting of up to nine depths in all five instrumented soil plots at each terrestrial site, and presented as 1-minute and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.

This data product is not currently available at the PUUM site (Hawaii) due to the initial soil characterization indicating the soil was too shallow to allow the standard sensor to be installed. An alternative sensor was installed, but it is not currently compatible with the data processing pipeline. Future upgrades to the data processing pipeline will allow the data product to be produced, including retroactively, but this is not expected to occur soon. In the interim, raw sensor data are available upon request via the NEON Contact Form, but have not undergone any quality control, quality assurance, or data flagging.

At four Alaskan sites (HEAL, BONA, TOOL, and BARR) the sensors experience frost heaving which regularly changes the measurement depths. New measurement depths are recorded when technician time and other priorities allow and depths are updated, but sensor depths may change between remeasuring events. In addition, the soil plots at HEAL have been subsiding faster than the surrounding area which may alter their representativeness of the overall site.
description: When possible the soil plots were arranged in a transect with the first plot approximately 15-40 m from the tower in the expected dominant airshed. The middle of airshed was used as the transect vector and plot spacing was based on the distance required for surface soil temperature and moisture measurements to be spatially independent at the 1 hectare scale during site characterization (capped at approximately 40 m due to logistical constraints). Soil plots were microsited as necessary to avoid obstacles (e.g., boulders, streams, and paths) and more compact plot layouts were used at small sites. Soil temperature is measured at up to nine depths within each plot, with the mid-point of the shallowest sensors at approximately 2, 6, 16, and 26 cm. Depths for deeper sensors vary among sites and are based on megapit soil horizon data (NEON.DP1.00097) and depth to restrictive feature (see NEON.DOC.003146). Instrumentation: Thermometrics - Climate RTD 100-ohm Probe
DOI: 10.48443/0vy2-za36
title: Precipitation - weighing gauge (DP1.00044.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Precipitation - weighing gauge provides bulk precipitation measured with a weighing gauge collector housed within a small double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR).

Latency: Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Precipitation records are fundamental to understanding water availability in an ecosystem. Bulk precipitation measured using a DFIR and a weighing gauge is known to provide improved results over tipping bucket measurements. This type of measurement assembly is installed at all NEON core terrestrial sites and select aquatic sites. Instrumentation: Belfort AEPG II 600M weighing gauge
DOI: 10.48443/f8n0-7x31
title: Photosynthetically active radiation (quantum line) (DP1.00066.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Photosynthetically active radiation measured at the soil surface via the quantum line sensor provides information on the light availability at the ground level. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Quantum Line Sensors are deployed in the soil array at NEON TIS sites to measure photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the soil surface. One quantum line sensor is deployed in three out of five soil plots. Their measurements will be representative of the point in space where they are located. Instrumentation: Licor LI-191-01 Quantum Line Sensor
DOI: 10.48443/qhmt-hh62
title: Soil water content and water salinity (DP1.00094.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Soil volumetric water content and an index of soil water ion content (salinity) are measured at various depths below the soil surface from approximately 6 cm down to 200 cm at non-permafrost sites (down to 300 cm at Alaskan sites). Soil moisture is an important component of the hydrologic cycle and is the dominant source of water for most plants and soil organisms making it a key indicator of drought. In addition, soil moisture status influences the severity of flooding and temperature extremes, as well as physical, chemical and biological processes in the soil. Measurements are made in vertical profiles consisting of up to eight depths in all five instrumented soil plots at each terrestrial site, and presented as 1-minute and 30-minute averages. Soil moisture sensors cannot accurately measure frozen water, therefore soil water content values will be absent or flagged if the soil was frozen or corresponding soil temperature data were not available to perform this test.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.

This data product is not currently available at the PUUM site (Hawaii) due to the initial soil characterization indicating the soil was too shallow to allow the standard sensor to be installed. An alternative sensor was installed, but it is not currently compatible with the data processing pipeline. Future upgrades to the data processing pipeline will allow the data product to be produced, including retroactively, but this is not expected to occur soon. In the interim, raw sensor data are available upon request via the NEON Contact Form, but have not undergone any quality control, quality assurance, or data flagging.
description: When possible the soil plots were arranged in a transect with the first plot approximately 15-40 m from the tower in the expected dominant airshed. The middle of airshed was used as the transect vector and plot spacing was based on the distance required for surface soil temperature and moisture measurements to be spatially independent at the 1 hectare scale during site characterization (capped at approximately 40 m due to logistical constraints). Soil plots were microsited as necessary to avoid obstacles (e.g., boulders, streams, and paths) and more compact plot layouts were used at small sites. Soil moisture and salinity index are measured at up to eight depths within each plot, with the mid-point of the shallowest sensors at approximately 6, 16, and 26 cm. Depths for deeper sensors vary among sites and are based on megapit soil horizon data (NEON.DP1.00097) and depth to restrictive feature (see NEON.DOC.003146). Instrumentation: Sentek - EnviroSCAN TriSCAN
DOI: 10.48443/0hnd-yj57
title: Soil physical and chemical properties, Megapit (DP1.00096.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: Soil properties affect the movement of water, heat and gases into and out of the soil. They also influence the availability of nutrients to plants and soil organisms and the production and stabilization of soil organic matter. Soil physical and chemical properties are measured by horizon from a single temporary soil "Megapit" at each terrestrial site at depths of up to 200 cm at non-permafrost sites (up to 300 cm at Alaskan sites). The Megapit sampling location is expected to be representative of the NEON sensor-based soil plots and this sampling activity is expected to occur once at each NEON terrestrial site.

Queries for this data product will return field collection metadata, soil taxonomy, bulk density, coarse fragment content, and particle size distribution, and a host of geochemical measurements on a per horizon basis. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and ATBDs listed in the Documentation section below. Associated with these data are soil pedon descriptions and photos. These documents can be found on the NEON Data Portal under the Resources section, or here: https://data.neonscience.org/megapit-info Additional soil samples collected from the same soil pit are archived in the [NEON Megapit Soil Archive](https://www.neonscience.org/samples/soil-archive) and are available upon request.

Latency:
Data were collected once, at the establishment of each site. Data were published within one year of collection, and future collections at existing sites are not expected
description: The Soil physical and chemical properties, Megapit data product is available at each terrestrial site. The soil pit location was chosen to be representative of the sensor-based Soil Plots based on soil type, vegetation and topography, as well as being accessible by a backhoe and outside the main measurement zone of other sensors. The soil pit is usually within a few hundred meters of the sensor-based Soil Plots and NEON tower. Soil samples were collected by soil horizon up to 200 cm at non-permafrost sites (up to 300 cm at Alaskan sites). Laboratory analyses were conducted at the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory in Lincoln, Nebraska following the standard operating procedures outlined in the Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, Report No. 42, Version 5, 2014. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/7b7b-te74
title: Relative humidity (DP1.00098.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the relative humidity, air temperature, and  dew point/frost point temperature measurements made at all NEON sites. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The sensors are installed at the top level of the tower infrastructure, at the soil array and on the aquatic met station at a standard height above ground level. Instrumentation: Vaisala HUMICAP Humidity and Temperature Probe - HMP 155
DOI: 10.48443/92va-ba32
title: Particulate mass (DP1.00101.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's particulate mass sampling protocol. Samples are collected by an automated assembly that pulls air through a quartz microfiber filter with a porosity of 10 micrometers, to collect PM10. Filters are weighed at high precision pre- and post-deployment to determine dust deposition mass. In addition to determining mass concentration of PM10, filters from the particulate mass analyzers will be archived in laboratory storage. Subsamples of the filters will be available to science community upon request to enable the assessment of chemical and nutrient inputs in the region.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

dpm_field:  30

dpm_lab:  90

dpm_sensor:  30

dpm_filterBlank: 90
description: Particulate collection filters (Whatman 1851-8531 quartz microfiber filters) are deployed for two weeks in a HiVol 3000 collector at the top of NEON terrestrial towers at select sites. Filters are weighed pre- and post-deployment in an external facility. Throughout deployment, the HiVol collector records pressure, temperature, and the volume of air sampled. Instrumentation: Ecotech HiVol 3000
DOI: 10.48443/3nka-yg96
title: Breeding landbird point counts (DP1.10003.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's breeding landbird sampling. Breeding landbirds are defined as “smaller birds (usually exclusive of raptors and upland game birds) not usually associated with aquatic habitats” (Ralph et al. 1993). The breeding landbird point counts product provides records of species identification of all individuals observed during the 6-minute count period, as well as metadata which can be used to model detectability, e.g., weather, distances from observers to birds, and detection methods. The NEON point count method is adapted from the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions (IMBCR): Field protocol for spatially-balanced sampling of landbird populations (Hanni et al. 2017; http://bit.ly/2u2ChUB). For additional details, see protocol [NEON.DOC.014041](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.014041vF): TOS Protocol and Procedure: Breeding Landbird Abundance and Diversity and science design [NEON.DOC.000916](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.000916vB): TOS Science Design for Breeding Landbird Abundance and Diversity.

Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
brd_countdata: 120

brd_perpoint: 120

brd_personnel: 120

brd_references: 120

brd_identificationHistory: 7
description: Depending on the size of the site, sampling for this product occurs at either randomly distributed individual points or grids of nine points each. At larger sites, point count sampling occurs at five to ten 9-point grids, with grid centers collocated with distributed base plot centers (where plant, beetle, and/or soil sampling may also occur), if possible. At smaller sites (i.e., sites that cannot accommodate a minimum of 5 grids) point counts occur at the southwest corner (point 21) of 5-25 distributed base plots. Point counts are conducted once per breeding season at large sites and twice per breeding season at smaller sites. Point counts are six minutes long, with each minute tracked by the observer, following a two-minute settling-in period. All birds are recorded to species and sex, whenever possible, and the distance to each individual or flock is measured with a laser rangefinder, except in the case of flyovers. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/teez-h312
title: Coarse downed wood log survey (DP1.10010.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: The Coarse Downed Wood log survey data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from in-situ tallies and measurements of downed logs from each of NEON's terrestrial sites at which qualifying logs are present. Qualifying logs are tallied within each plot according to the Line Intercept Distance Sampling (LIDS) method, and additional diameter, length and decay class characteristics are measured for each tallied log. Data are reported per log per plot, and when forked logs are tallied, additional diameter data are reported for each qualifying log fork. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

cdw_fieldtally:  30

cdw_tally_identificationHistory: 7
description: Coarse Downed Wood tallies are performed at least once at all sites at which logs greater than or equal to 2 cm diameter exist. Additional surveys are performed at 5 year intervals at each site if initial LIDS estimates of CDW volume are non-zero. Sampling occurs in n=20 randomly selected Distributed Plots at the site scale, and also in Tower Plots established within the airshed of the NEON Tower. Within each plot, 3 randomly oriented transects are established, and transect lengths vary dynamically by site according to F-values selected to enable tallying of 7-10 qualifying logs per plot. Tallied logs are parsed into three size categories (2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and greater than 10 cm diameter), five decay categories that are broadly matchable to existing USFS definitions, and are identified to the highest taxonomic resolution possible according to the USDA Plants database. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2ytw43
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 629 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Sicista betulina (Pallas, 1779)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2013",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2018",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 629 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003208-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.