cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/6zq2-g025
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ni et al. 2002 Southwestern USA Linear Regression and Neural Network Precipitation Reconstructions

description: A 1000 year reconstruction of cool-season (November–April) precipitation was developed for each climate division in Arizona and New Mexico from a network of 19 tree-ring chronologies in the southwestern USA. Linear regression (LR) and artificial neural network (NN) models were used to identify the cool-season precipitation signal in tree rings. Using 1931–88 records, the stepwise LR model was cross-validated with a leave-one-out procedure and the NN was validated with a bootstrap technique. The final models were also independently validated using the 1896–1930 precipitation data. In most of the climate divisions, both techniques can successfully reconstruct dry and normal years, and the NN seems to capture large precipitation events and more variability better than the LR. In the 1000 year reconstructions the NN also produces more distinctive wet events and more variability, whereas the LR produces more distinctive dry events. The 1000 year reconstructed precipitation from the two models shows several sustained dry and wet periods comparable to the 1950s drought (e.g. 16th century mega drought) and to the post-1976 wet period (e.g. 1330s, 1610s). The impact of extreme periods on the environment may be stronger during sudden reversals from dry to wet, which were not uncommon throughout the millennium, such as the 1610s wet interval that followed the 16th century mega drought. The instrumental records suggest that strong dry to wet precipitation reversals in the past 1000 years might be linked to strong shifts from cold to warm El Niño-southern oscillation events and from a negative to positive Pacific decadal oscillation.
description: Comparison of the linear regression and neural network models for precipitation reconstruction from a network of tree ring chronologies.  Data include the reconstructed annual precipitation for each climate division in Arizona and New Mexico from linear regression (LR) and artificial neural network (NN) models, as well as a combined reconstruction.  The combined reconstruction was created post-publication, and the authors recommend it to the user. The NN and LR each have their own strengths and weaknesses, hence it is impossible to recommend one over the other. The simplest way to combine them is taking the mean of two models. However, by plotting the scatter plots, histograms of observations, NN and LR reconstruction, the authors noticed that if both NN and LR are lower than the calibration mean, LR does a better job (i.e., LR does a better job in capturing drought). The combined version of the reconstruction makes use of this observation plus the simple average strategy, i.e., if both NN and LR are lower than the calibration mean, use LR, otherwise use the average of the two values.
DOI: 10.25921/60wd-cb04
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Esper - Ailijärvi Lake - PISY - ITRDB FIN111

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: dry, MXD data
DOI: 10.25921/6wje-8r16
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cerano-Paredes - Pinguica, Querétaro (PIN) - PIGR - ITRDB MEX146

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Tropical Tree Ring Network SiteID = PIGRE_MEX_01
DOI: 10.25921/6erb-ed50
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Swetnam fire data from Ash Peak - IMPD USAP2002

description: Records of past fire occurrence from tree rings, charcoal found in lake sediments, and other proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.  Additional information on the International Multiproxy Database (IMPD) data set procedures are also available.

description: This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30369109
title: Driving risk variation in mountainous highway tunnels of different lengths: Field evidence from Chongqing, China

description: This study aims to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of driving risks in two-lane mountainous highway tunnels, with a particular focus on the influence of different tunnel lengths on risk levels, thereby contributing to improved tunnel operational safety. Field driving tests were conducted in 21 short, medium, and long tunnels located on two-lane highways in Chongqing, China. Multisource data were collected from 27 drivers, including heart rate growth rate, speed, illuminance change rate, and alignment complexity indices. The entropy-weighted method was used to determine the weights of various risk evaluation indicators, which were then integrated into the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model to compute the comprehensive risk value for each tunnel. Risk levels were classified into low, relatively high, and high using the K-means clustering algorithm to analyze spatial distribution patterns. The study showed that short tunnels exhibited the highest overall risk level, while long tunnels had the lowest. All three tunnel types displayed a consistent pattern, which is that entrance zones exhibited significantly higher risk than exit zones, with the lowest risk occurring in the middle segments. Specifically: (1) For short tunnels, the peak risk appeared 21 m after the entrance, with high-risk zones extending up to 144 m; (2) For medium tunnels, high-risk spans were concentrated within 50–75 m before and after the entrance, with the exit zone presenting the second-highest risk; (3) For long tunnels, the peak risk was found 2 m after the entrance, and both entrance and exit zones had significantly elevated risk. The average risk value in entrance segments was approximately 1.5 times that of the middle segments. Driving risks in two-lane highway tunnels exhibit distinct spatial distribution characteristics, with tunnel entrances and exits being the most risk-prone zones. Short tunnels, due to the frequent transition effect, present more pronounced risks. The findings provide theoretical support for tunnel structural design optimization, speed limit, and lighting system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30369109.v1
title: Driving risk variation in mountainous highway tunnels of different lengths: Field evidence from Chongqing, China

description: This study aims to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of driving risks in two-lane mountainous highway tunnels, with a particular focus on the influence of different tunnel lengths on risk levels, thereby contributing to improved tunnel operational safety. Field driving tests were conducted in 21 short, medium, and long tunnels located on two-lane highways in Chongqing, China. Multisource data were collected from 27 drivers, including heart rate growth rate, speed, illuminance change rate, and alignment complexity indices. The entropy-weighted method was used to determine the weights of various risk evaluation indicators, which were then integrated into the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model to compute the comprehensive risk value for each tunnel. Risk levels were classified into low, relatively high, and high using the K-means clustering algorithm to analyze spatial distribution patterns. The study showed that short tunnels exhibited the highest overall risk level, while long tunnels had the lowest. All three tunnel types displayed a consistent pattern, which is that entrance zones exhibited significantly higher risk than exit zones, with the lowest risk occurring in the middle segments. Specifically: (1) For short tunnels, the peak risk appeared 21 m after the entrance, with high-risk zones extending up to 144 m; (2) For medium tunnels, high-risk spans were concentrated within 50–75 m before and after the entrance, with the exit zone presenting the second-highest risk; (3) For long tunnels, the peak risk was found 2 m after the entrance, and both entrance and exit zones had significantly elevated risk. The average risk value in entrance segments was approximately 1.5 times that of the middle segments. Driving risks in two-lane highway tunnels exhibit distinct spatial distribution characteristics, with tunnel entrances and exits being the most risk-prone zones. Short tunnels, due to the frequent transition effect, present more pronounced risks. The findings provide theoretical support for tunnel structural design optimization, speed limit, and lighting system.
DOI: 10.25921/6q3r-nr17
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - European Alps Jun-Aug Self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index Reconstruction from  8980 BP to 2014 CE

description: Here, we use 7437 stable oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios extracted from 192 living and relict Alpine trees to reconstruct trends and extremes in European summer hydroclimate from 8980 before the present to 2014 Common Era. Our continuous tree-ring δ18O record reveals a significant long-term drying trend over much of the Holocene (P < 0.001), which is in line with orbital forcing and independent evidence from proxy reconstructions and model simulations. Wetter conditions in the early-to-mid Holocene coincide with the African Humid Period, whereas the most severe summer droughts of the past 9000 years are found during the Little Ice Age in the 18th and 19th centuries Common Era. We suggest that much of Europe was not only warmer but also wetter during most of the preindustrial Holocene, which implies a close relationship between insolation changes and long-term hydroclimate trends that likely affected natural and societal systems across a wide range of spatiotemporal scales.
description: Reconstruction of scPDSI based on d18O from cellulose in tree rings, with a 5-year resolution. Raw data available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941604
    Provided Keywords: Hydroclimate, Tree-ring stable oxygen isotopes, European Alps, Holocene
DOI: 10.25921/6q61-s974
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bourgeois–Delaunay Cave Geochemical Data from 128200 to 121300 Cal Yr BP

description: A stalagmite (BDinf) recovered from an archaeological cave (Bourgeois–Delaunay, La Chaise de Vouthon) in SW France provides a rare, high-resolution, precisely dated continental palaeoclimate record covering the warmest part of the Last Interglacial (128 ± 1–121 ± 1 ka). The growth interval spans the pluvial period recorded in Soreq and Peqiin Cave speleothems (during sapropel event S5), suggesting that the eastern Mediterranean and western Europe experienced relatively wet conditions simultaneously during this part of the Last Interglacial. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios from BDinf show prominent millennial-scale variations, which are interpreted respectively in terms of changes in the amount of rainfall reaching the cave and soil biological activity. The timing of the oxygen isotope changes agrees with similar excursions recorded in speleothems from Corchia Cave (Italy), where close coupling between rainfall amount and regional sea surface temperatures has been demonstrated. Three “warmer–wetter” periods are interspersed with four “cooler–drier” periods. The first “warmer–wetter” period is the most prominent, as is the case at Corchia, and coincides with the SST optimum off western Europe. This is followed by a prominent “cooler–drier” excursion (centred on ∼126 ka), which can be linked to a period of increased loess deposition recorded in annually laminated lake sediments from Eifel, Germany. Although there is already ample evidence for Last Interglacial climate instability, we show for the first time that specific climatic events occurred more or less synchronously between southwestern Europe, central Mediterranean (Italy) and northern Europe (Germany).
description: Data contributed as part of SISAL v3 Global Speleothem Isotope and Trace Element Database (https://doi.org/10.25921/jajq-qg60).
DOI: 10.25921/6w8q-xb18
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Peters - Lotschental N16S - PCAB - ITRDB CHE500

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/6whs-3t12
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Zumbrunn - Felsberg unten - PCAB - ITRDB CHE506

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/6z49-7b54
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Weber - SCW - PCAB - ITRDB CHE515

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/6cef-jz12
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gejkar Cave Geochemical Data from 2400 to -62 Cal Yr BP

description: Droughts have had large impacts on past and present societies. High-resolution paleoclimate data are essential to place recent droughts in a meaningful historical context and to predict regional future changes with greater accuracy. Such records, however, are very scarce in the Middle East in general, and the Fertile Crescent in particular. Here we present a 2400 year long speleothem-based multiproxy record from Gejkar Cave in northern Iraq. Oxygen and carbon isotopes and magnesium are faithful recorders of effective moisture. The new Gejkar record not only shows that droughts in 1998–2000 and 2007–2010, which have been argued to be a contributing factor to Syrian civil war, were extreme compared to the current mean climate, but they were also superimposed on a long-term aridification trend that already started around or before 950 C.E. (Common Era). This long-term trend is not captured by tree ring records and climate models, emphasizing the importance of using various paleoclimate proxy data to evaluate and improve climate models and to correctly inform policy makers about future hydroclimatic changes in this drought-prone region.
description: Data contributed as part of SISAL v3 Global Speleothem Isotope and Trace Element Database (https://doi.org/10.25921/jajq-qg60). Notes from the SISAL database: Vegetation: Shrubs and grasses. Land use: No use observed but possible grazing. \\ Gej-1 (SISAL entity_id = 573) Depth sample is the adjusted depth after lamina counting and U-Th -depth correspondance. The interpolated age is via layer counting and U-Th dating. The trace element sampling was performed on the upper half (19 cm) at 0.008mm depth spacing
DOI: 10.25921/6fpg-yw55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Plateau Remote, East Antarctica Plateau d18O and dust data over the past 4ka

description: Ice core derived proxy climate records from Antarctica suggest that decadal, century and possibly even millennial-scale temperature variations in East and West Antarctica may be temporally asynchronous. For example, records from the Antarctic Peninsula indicate a strong 20th century warming in which the high plateau of East Antarctica has not participated. Similarly, a recent Neoglacial cooling, the “Little Ice Age”, was prominent in East Antarctica, but absent in the Peninsula region. A new history of oxygen isotopic ratios (δ18O) and atmospheric dust concentrations from central East Antarctica suggests that the high inland plateau has been dominated by a cooling trend for the last 4000 years. Superimposed upon this isotopically-inferred cooling were a number of warmer events, the largest and most persistent of which occurred ≈ 3600 yr. BP and lasted several centuries. The most prominent event is a prolonged cold phase around 2200 yr. BP which is correlative with a mid-Neoglacial advance on South Georgia Island (Clapperton et al, 1989). Most intriguing are several shorter-term (multi-centennial scale) δ18O oscillations which are similar in magnitude to the glacial-interglacial transition in Antarctic ice cores. Although it is impossible to discount the effect of wind scouring and re-deposition in this low snow accumulation region, this 4000-year history raises important questions about the climate history on the high inland plateau during the last half of the Holocene. Certainly, a better spatial distribution of high resolution δ18O records from East Antarctica are necessary to determine the extent to which the Plateau Remote record is spatially representative.
description: Note: Dating of the core is approximate as accumlation is too low to count annual layers and a limited number of volcanic markers were identified. Note:  For discussion of the dating issues see the following paper: Mosley-Thompson. E. Holocene climate changes recorded in an East Antarctica ice core. In: Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2,000 Years, P.D. Jones, R. Bradley and J. Jouzel, editors. NATO Advanced Research Series I, 1996, 141, 263-279. This paper is avavilable at this link:  https://byrd.osu.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/Mosley-Thompson_NATO_1996.pdf. Provided Keywords: Holocene, volcanism
DOI: 10.25921/6r5q-as61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Weber - OBE - ABAL - ITRDB CHE554

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/6gp4-bh55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Connemara Ice Centre, Ireland 10Be Data during Heinrich Stadial 1

description: Within the North Atlantic region, climatic perturbations such as Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and the Younger Dryas stadial (YD) have traditionally been viewed as anomalous periods of extreme cooling linked to abrupt changes in the poleward oceanic transport of heat. While there is considerable geologic data to support strong cooling during stadial winters, recent work in mid- and high-latitude regions fringing the North Atlantic suggests that this thermal signal did not extend to stadial summers, contrary to previously inferred palaeoecological and ice core proxies. Some directly dated glacial records from Britain, Ireland, and Scandinavia, for instance, document the large-scale retreat of terrestrial ice masses during both HS1 and the YD, coincident with meltwater pulses from the European continent and consequent weakening of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Similar patterns of stadial deglaciation have been reported from Greenland and north-east North America. Together, these datasets support the emerging model of stadials as periods of anomalous seasonality imposed on the strongly maritime North Atlantic climate. In this study, we present a geologic record of ice sheet behaviour from the Maumturk Mountains in western Ireland during the last glacial termination, constrained with cosmogenic 10Be surface-exposure dating. Coupled with glacio-geomorphologic and sedimentologic characterisation of moraine landforms, our record describes a temperate ice mass undergoing sustained active retreat during the first half of HS1, synchronous with increased European meltwater discharge into the North Atlantic.
description: Cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure dating of last glacial termination-age moraines in Ireland coupled with geomorphological evidence to contribute to our knowledge of the terrestrial response to AMOC disturbance. Age bound uncertainties - Earliest year: 17800 calyrBP +/- 700 yrs; Latest year: 16100 +/- 300yrs