DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cd4q0ds
title: Data from: Population genomics of the introduced and cultivated Pacific kelp Undaria pinnatifida: marinas — not farms — drive regional connectivity and establishment in natural rocky reefs

description: Ports and farms are well-known primary introduction hotspots for marine
 non-indigenous species (NIS). The extent to which these anthropogenic
 habitats are sustainable sources of propagules and influence the evolution
 of NIS in natural habitats was examined in the edible seaweed Undaria
 pinnatifida, native to Asia and introduced to Europe in the 1970s.
 Following its deliberate introduction 40 years ago along the French coast
 of the English Channel, this kelp is found in three contrasting habitat
 types: farms, marinas, and natural rocky reefs. In light of the continuous
 spread of this NIS, it is imperative to better understand the processes
 behind its sustainable establishment in the wild. In addition, developing
 effective management plans to curtail the spread of U. pinnatifida
 requires determining how the three types of populations interact with one
 another. In addition to an analysis using microsatellites, we developed,
 for the first time in a kelp, a ddRAD-sequencing technique to genotype 738
 individuals sampled in 11 rocky reefs, 12 marinas, and 2 farms located
 along ca. 1000 km of coastline. As expected, the RAD-seq panel showed more
 power than the microsatellite panel for identifying fine-grained patterns.
 However, both panels demonstrated habitat-specific properties of the study
 populations. In particular, farms displayed very low genetic diversity and
 no inbreeding conversely to populations in marinas and natural rocky
 reefs. In addition, strong, but chaotic regional genetic structure, was
 revealed, consistent with human-mediated dispersal (e.g., leisure
 boating). We also uncovered a tight relationship between populations in
 rocky reefs and those in nearby marinas, but not with nearby farms,
 suggesting spill-over from marinas into the wild. Finally, a temporal
 survey (20 generations) showed that wild populations are self-sustaining,
 without local adaptation to any of the three habitats. These findings
 highlight that limiting the spread of U. pinnatifida requires management
 policies that also target marinas.
description: Sample description with
 microsatellite datasetSample description
 (sheet 1) with microsatellite dataset (genotypes in sheet 2, allelic
 frequencies in sheet 3, genetic diversity estimates in sheet 3). The
 locality label is composed of the habitat type (M=marina, R=natural rocky
 reef, F=cultivated population), the bay number code, and the year of
 sampling as shown in Fig. 1 in the associated paper. The geographic name
 of each locality and bay are detailed in Table 1 of the associated
 paper.Guzinski et al Undaria -
 microsatellites file.xlsxRADseq VCF file (Undaria
 pinnatifida - Brittany)VCF file with ddRad-seq
 dataset. This dataset comprises 10,615 single-SNP loci polymorphic in a
 sample of 735 Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes originating from 36 temporal
 or spatial samples. Individual codes are described in sheet 1 of the the
 associated microsatellite dataset (see Excell file).Guzinski-et-al-Undaria-RADseqVCF file.vcf