cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h1j85
title: Data from: Skin sloughing rate increases with chytrid fungus infection load in a susceptible amphibian

description: 1. Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen
 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is responsible for the greatest
 disease-driven loss of vertebrate biodiversity in recorded history.
 Understanding drivers of host susceptibility to this cutaneous disease is
 hindered by gaps in our knowledge of the host–pathogen relationship. One
 such overlooked aspect of susceptibility is variation in skin maintenance
 processes, particularly skin turnover via routine sloughing. It has been
 suggested that sloughing plays a role in immune defence, by removing
 skin-associated microbes. Thus, skin sloughing may play an important role
 in the pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis. 2. To determine the relationship
 between skin sloughing and disease progression, we exposed adult
 Australian green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) to a local Bd strain and
 monitored sloughing rates and individual infection loads on a naturalistic
 cycling temperature regime (15–23 °C). 3. We determined sloughing rates in
 real-time by using an array of infrared video cameras to film frog
 behaviour and monitored infection load before and after sloughing by
 swabbing and analysis with quantitative PCR. 4. We found that sloughing
 rate increased with Bd infection load in infected frogs, but sloughing
 itself did not affect Bd load on the ventral skin surface. Furthermore, Bd
 infection did not affect the duration of characteristic sloughing
 behaviour, and sloughing retained rhythmicity even at high infection
 loads. 5. Although an increased sloughing rate might be considered
 advantageous for Bd-infected animals, it does not appear to curb the
 progression of disease and may actually contribute to the loss of
 physiological homoeostasis seen in terminally ill frogs by further
 inhibiting water and electrolyte transport across the skin. 6. By
 measuring sloughing rates directly for the first time, our results shed
 light on how Bd interacts with the physiological processes of the skin and
 indicate that variation in skin sloughing frequency may play a role in the
 observed inter- and intraspecific variation in susceptibility to disease.
description: Data from: Skin
 sloughing rate increases with chytrid fungus infection load in a
 susceptible amphibianThis file is an Excel
 worksheet with seven sheets. Please see ReadMe file for a description of
 the data contained in each sheet.Ohmer et al Dryad
 file.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v2j62h1
title: Data from: Dryland soils in northern China sequester carbon during the early-2000s warming hiatus period

description: 1. Drylands, covering ~45% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface and
 supporting ~38% of the global population, play a dominant role in the
 trend and inter-annual variability of global land carbon (C) sink. Given
 that a large proportion of organic C is stored in soils, our knowledge on
 soil C dynamics in drylands is crucial to evaluate terrestrial C-climate
 feedback. However, credible understanding on this issue is still greatly
 limited by the lack of direct observations. 2. Here, based on a regional
 resampling of historical sites collected during 2002-2004, we explored the
 soil organic C changes in various layers over the past decade across the
 arid/semi-arid grasslands on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. 3. Our results
 revealed that the soil organic C density (SOCD) in this typical dryland
 increased significantly over the monitoring period, with a mean increase
 of 50.6 g C m-2 yr-1 or 0.8% yr-1 in the top 50 cm depth. Moreover, soil C
 dynamics exhibited contrasting spatial patterns between different layers:
 the rate of C accumulation in surface soils (0-10 cm) decreased, whereas
 that in deep soils (30-50 cm) exhibited an increasing trend along the
 aridity gradient. 4. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dryland
 soils function as an important C sink, with the drier region tending to
 sequester C in deeper soils due to the greater root biomass allocation.
description: Kou et al. 2018_Data
 AppendixData from: Dryland soils
 in northern China sequester carbon during the early-2000s warming hiatus
 period
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.73n69m01
title: Data from: Breeding site fidelity and winter admixture in a long-distance migrant, the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula)

description: Long-distance migrants are, by definition, highly mobile but it is poorly
 understood if this leads to high rates of gene flow and an essentially
 panmictic global population structure. Genetic divergence in migratory
 species could be promoted, for example, by fidelity to distinct migratory
 pathways. In this study, we investigate the population genetic structure
 of tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), a long-distance migrant with a largely
 continuous breeding distribution across Eurasia. Distinct, longitudinally
 oriented flyways have been postulated based on geographically disjunct
 wintering areas and are supported by evidence from ringing data. We
 generated sequences of the mitochondrial control region and multi-locus
 microsatellite genotypes for several hundreds of samples from the European
 and Asian breeding and wintering grounds including some individuals
 infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. Significant
 differentiation between breeding sites was observed for both marker types,
 but F_ST values were approximately 10 times higher for maternally
 inherited mitochondrial DNA than for biparentally transmitted nuclear
 markers. The genetic differentiation between the postulated European and
 Asian flyways was similar to that observed within continents and, in
 general, genetic divergence was not associated with geographic distance.
 Neither marker type showed evidence of genetic substructure among
 aggregations on the European wintering grounds. Our results suggest some
 breeding site fidelity, especially in females, but extensive population
 admixture on the wintering grounds. Several scenarios may explain the
 observed lack of genetic divergence between Europe and Asia including
 non-equilibrium conditions following a recent range expansion or
 contemporary gene flow across the postulated migratory divides.
description: Aythya fuligula
 genotypesMicrosatellite genotype
 dataset (“Aythya fuligula genotypes.xlsx”)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.38jf742m
title: Data from: Phylogeny of Leavenworthia S-alleles suggests unidirectional mating system evoution and enhanced positive selection following an ancient population bottleneck

description: The adoption of self-fertilization from an ancestral outcrossing state is
 one of the most common evolutionary transitions in the flowering plants.
 In the mustard family, outcrossing is typically enforced by sporophytic
 self-incompatibility (SI), but there are also many self-compatible
 species. The genus Leavenworthia contains taxa that either possess or lack
 SI. Here we present data showing that SI is associated with strict
 outcrossing and that there is widespread trans-specific sequence
 polymorphism at the locus involved in the recognition of self-pollen (the
 S-locus). This ancestral polymorphism is consistent with the presence of
 an outcrossing mating system in the common ancestor of Leavenworthia
 species, and suggests that there have been several independent losses of
 SI in the group. When compared with other mustard species, the bulk of
 Leavenworthia S-allele sequences are highly diverged from those found in
 other Brassicaceae and show relatively low levels of nucleotide diversity,
 a pattern that suggests the common ancestor of the genus likely underwent
 a strong population bottleneck. The hypothesis of post-bottleneck S-locus
 rediversification is supported by tests showing stronger positive
 selection acting on S-alleles from Leavenworthia than those found in other
 Brassicaceae.
description: READMEArabidopsis_treeArabidopsis alignmentArabidopsis_paml.phyBrassicaceae_treeBrassicaceae alignmentBrassicaceae_paml.phyBrassica_treeBrassica alignmentBrassica_paml.phyC_grandiflora_treeC.grandiflora alignmentC_grandiflora_paml.phyLeavenworthia_treeLeavenworthia alignmentLeavenworthia_paml.phy
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hj06k
title: Data from: Effects of harvesting of increasing intensities on genetic diversity and population structure of white spruce

description: Forest harvesting of increasing intensities is expected to have
 intensifying impacts on the genetic diversity and population structure of
 postharvest naturally regenerated stands by affecting the magnitude of
 evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift, gene flow, mating system,
 and selection. We have tested this hypothesis for the first time by
 employing widely distributed boreal white spruce (Picea glauca) as a model
 and controlled, replicated experimental harvesting and regeneration
 experiment at the EMEND project site (http://www.emendproject.org). We
 used two approaches. First, genetic diversity and population structure of
 postharvest natural regeneration after five harvesting treatments (green
 tree retention of 75%, 50%, 20%, and 10%, and clearcut) were assessed and
 compared with those of the unharvested control (pristine preharvest
 old-growth) in two replicates each of conifer-dominated (CD) and
 mixed-wood (MW) forest, using 10 (six EST (expressed sequence tag) and
 four genomic) microsatellite markers. Second, genetic diversity and
 population structure of preharvest old-growth were compared with those of
 postharvest natural regeneration after five harvesting treatments in the
 same treatment blocks in one replicate each of CD and MW forests. Contrary
 to our expectations, genetic diversity, inbreeding levels, and population
 genetic structure were similar between unharvested control or preharvest
 old-growth and postharvest natural regeneration after five harvesting
 treatments, with clearcut showing no negative genetic impacts. The
 potential effects of genetic drift and inbreeding resulting from
 harvesting bottlenecks were counterbalanced by predominantly outcrossing
 mating system and high gene flow from the residual and/or surrounding
 white spruce. CD and MW forests responded similarly to harvesting of
 increasing intensities. Simulated data for 10, 50, and 100 microsatellite
 markers showed the same results as obtained empirically from 10
 microsatellite markers. Similar patterns of genetic diversity and
 population structure were observed for EST and genomic microsatellites. In
 conclusion, harvesting of increasing intensities did not show any
 significant negative impact on genetic diversity, population structure,
 and evolutionary potential of white spruce in CD and MW forests. Our first
 of its kind of study addresses the broad central forest management
 question how forest harvesting and regeneration practices can best
 maintain genetic biodiversity and ecosystem integrity.
description: Fageria&Rajora-Data-Evolutionary-Applications-MS-EVA-2012-148-OA
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r48vj
title: Data from: Experimental insights on the function of ancillary pollen and stigma polymorphisms in plants with heteromorphic incompatibility

description: Most heterostylous plants possess a reciprocal arrangement of stigmas and
 anthers (reciprocal herkogamy), heteromorphic self-incompatibility and
 ancillary polymorphisms of pollen and stigmas. The topographical
 complementarity hypothesis proposes that ancillary polymorphisms function
 in the rejection of incompatible pollen thus promoting disassortative
 pollination. Here, we test this hypothesis by investigating patterns of
 pollen transfer and capture in populations of dimorphic Armeria maritima
 and A. pubigera and distylous Limonium vulgare (Plumbaginaceae), and by
 studying pollen adherence and germination patterns in A. maritima
 following controlled hand-pollinations. Armeria lacks reciprocal herkogamy
 allowing the evaluation of the extent to which ancillary polymorphisms
 affect the composition of pollen loads. We compared the amounts of
 compatible and incompatible pollen on stigmas in natural populations and
 calculated the proficiencies of pollen transfer for each mating type. We
 detected disassortative pollination in each species, and mating types did
 not differ in compatible pollen capture, although cob stigmas captured
 more incompatible pollen. Controlled hand-pollinations revealed the
 failure of incompatible pollen to adhere and germinate on stigmas. Our
 results provided evidence that, while structural in nature, pollen-stigma
 dimorphisms are tightly associated with heteromorphic incompatibility and
 likely function to promote disassortative pollination in the absence of
 reciprocal herkogamy.
description: Flower and pollen
 productionData on flower and
 pollen production for three natural populations of each study species,
 i.e., Armeria maritima, A. pubigera and Limonium
 vulgare.Morphological
 measurementsPollen and stigmatic
 papillae morphological measurements for Armeria maritima, A. pubigera and
 Limonium vulgare.Pollen
 loadsCompatible and
 incompatible stigmatic pollen loads in natural populations of Armeria
 maritima, A. pubigera and Limonium vulgare.Hand pollination
 experimentsData on pollen
 adherence, germination and pollen tube growth in the upper part of the
 style after self-, legitimate and mixed pollinations of Armeria
 maritima.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4588r
title: Data from: Differences in caste dimorphism among three hornet species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): forewing size, shape and allometry

description: Caste shape dimorphism (CShD) has previously been studied in wasps through
 comparison of different body parts, originating from different imaginal
 discs. Using geometric morphometrics with a new protocol for measuring
 wings of pinned specimens from natural history collections, we tested CShD
 of three hornet species in an organ developed from a single imaginal disc:
 the forewing. Gaussian Mixture Models retrieved most castes and species
 levels confirming that caste is an important component of wing variations
 in females of these hornets. Size and allometry – the influence of size on
 shape – contribution to wing dimorphism between castes was major, but
 failed to explain the entire shape dimorphism. This deviation from simple
 allometric scaling was not similar in the three species: in Vespa tropica,
 allometric directions in the shape space differed between castes, while in
 V. crabro and V. velutina they were similar but a significant part of CShD
 resulted from lateral transpositions. These results clearly indicate that
 queens are not just enlarged workers. They also support that the different
 pattern of CShD may result from different developmental mechanism.
 Finally, they highlight that even in a highly social group like hornets
 there is still variation in caste dimorphism among species.
description: JEB-Perrard-2012-Caste-dimorphismCoordinates of the 19 landmarks from the right forewing of specimens used in the study, in a .NTS format. An associate table provide names, species, caste and geographic informations in a .NTS format.JEB-Perrard-caste.NTSJEB-Perrard-castes-info
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.05r13
title: Data from: Potential mechanisms of coexistence in closely related forbs

description: The stable coexistence of very similar species has perplexed ecologists
 for decades and has been central to the development of coexistence theory.
 According to modern coexistence theory, species can coexist stably (i.e.
 persist indefinitely with no long-term density trends) as long as
 species' niche differences exceed competitive ability differences,
 even if these differences are very small. Recent studies have directly
 quantified niche and competitive ability differences in experimental
 communities at small spatial scales, but provide limited information about
 stable coexistence across spatial scales in heterogeneous natural
 communities. In this study, we use experimental and observational
 approaches to explore evidence for niche and competitive ability
 differences between two closely related, ecologically similar and widely
 coexisting annual forbs: Trachymene cyanopetala and T. ornata. We
 experimentally tested for stabilizing niche differences and competitive
 ability differences between these species by manipulating species'
 frequencies, under both well-watered and water-stressed conditions. We
 considered these experimental results in light of extensive field
 observations to explore evidence of niche segregation at a range of
 spatial scales. We found little evidence of intra-specific stabilization
 or competitive ability differences in laboratory experiments while
 observational studies suggested niche segregation across pollinator
 assemblages and small-scale microclimate heterogeneity. Though we did not
 quantify long-term stabilization of coexisting populations of these
 species, results are consistent with expectations for stable coexistence
 of similar species via a spatial storage effect allowing niche differences
 to overcome even small (to absent) competitive ability differences.
description: Staples_et_al_Oikos_dataThere are five excel sheets in this file, containing all data used for the main analyses in Staples et al. 2016 10.1111/oik.03180. Meta data for each data sheet is included in the associated README.txt fileStaples_et_al_2016_Oikos_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j675k0j
title: Data from: Landscape configuration alters spatial arrangement of terrestrial-aquatic subsidies in headwater streams

description: Context: Freshwater ecosystems depend on surrounding terrestrial landscape
 for resources. Most important are terrestrial leaf litter subsidies, which
 differ depending on land use. We lack a good understanding of the
 variation of these inputs across spatial scales. Objectives: We sought to
 determine: (1) the relative importance of local versus catchment-level
 forestation for benthic leaf litter biomass in streams, (2) how landscape
 configuration alters these relationships, and (3) how land use affects the
 quality and diversity of leaf litter subsidies. Methods: We measured
 biomass and identity of benthic leaf litter in 121 reaches in 10
 independent catchments seasonally over the course of a year. We assessed
 direct and indirect effects of forestation, reach position, and
 seasonality on leaf litter biomass using structural equation models, and
 assessed how leaf litter diversity varied with land use. Results: In
 catchments with forested headwaters, the degree of forestation and reach
 position in the catchment influenced benthic leaf litter biomass
 indirectly through local reach-scale forestation. In catchments where
 forest was only located downstream, or with minimal forest, none of these
 factors influenced reach-level benthic leaf litter. Leaf litter diversity
 peaked in fall in all land use types, but was generally lowest in forested
 reaches. Conclusions: Not only habitat amount, but its location relative
 to other habitats is important for ecosystem function in the context of
 cross-ecosystem material flows. Here, lack of upstream forest altered
 spatial patterns of leaf litter storage. Studies with high spatiotemporal
 resolution may further reveal effects of landscape configuration on other
 ecosystems.
description: Little_Altermatt_leaf_litter_dataThis file contains data of benthic leaf litter collected in headwater stream reaches in Eastern Switzerland over the course of a year from 2015-2016, as well as spatial and land use information. Please refer to the README file below for descriptions of the variables and measurements contained within.Little_Altermatt_data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.53ds2
title: Data from: A summary of eight traits of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Araneae, occurring in grasslands in Germany

description: Analyses of species traits have increased our understanding of how
 environmental drivers such as disturbances affect the composition of
 arthropod communities and related processes. There are, however, few
 studies on which traits in the arthropod community are affected by
 environmental changes and which traits affect ecosystem functioning. The
 assembly of arthropod traits of several taxa is difficult because of the
 large number of species, limited availability of trait databases and
 differences in available traits. We sampled arthropod species data from a
 total of 150 managed grassland plots in three regions of Germany. These
 plots represent the spectrum from extensively used pastures to mown
 pastures to intensively managed and fertilized meadows. In this paper, we
 summarize information on body size, dispersal ability, feeding guild and
 specialization (within herbivores), feeding mode, feeding tissue (within
 herbivorous suckers), plant part (within herbivorous chewers), endophagous
 lifestyle (within herbivores), and vertical stratum use for 1,230 species
 of Coleoptera, Hemiptera (Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha), Orthoptera
 (Saltatoria: Ensifera, Caelifera), and Araneae, sampled by sweep-netting
 between 2008 and 2012. We compiled traits from various literature sources
 and complemented data from reliable internet sources and the authors’
 experience.
description: ArthropodSpeciesTraitsThe data set comprises literature trait data of species that were sampled and measured in a project within the Biodiversity Exploratories which focuses on the effect of land use on arthropod community composition and related processes (e.g. species interactions such as herbivory or predation) in three regions of Germany
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fm0r1
title: Data from: Covert deformed wing virus infections have long-term deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival

description: Several studies have suggested that covert stressors can contribute to bee
 colony declines. Here we provide a novel case study and show using
 radiofrequency identification tracking technology that covert deformed
 wing virus (DWV) infections in adult honeybee workers seriously impact
 long-term foraging and survival under natural foraging conditions. In
 particular, our experiments show that adult workers injected with low
 doses of DWV experienced increased mortality rates, that DWV caused
 workers to start foraging at a premature age, and that the virus reduced
 the workers' total activity span as foragers. Altogether, these
 results demonstrate that covert DWV infections have strongly deleterious
 effects on honeybee foraging and survival. These results are consistent
 with previous studies that suggested DWV to be an important contributor to
 the ongoing bee declines in Europe and the USA. Overall, our study
 underlines the strong impact that covert pathogen infections can have on
 individual and group-level performance in bees.
description: Data files and R
 scriptAll data files and the R
 script used for the analyses presented in this paperdata_and_R_script.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2c5t7
title: Data from: The golden mimicry complex uses a wide spectrum of defence to deter a community of predators

description: Mimicry complexes typically consist of multiple species that deter
 predators using similar anti-predatory signals. Mimics in these complexes
 are assumed to vary in their level of defence from highly defended through
 to moderately defended, or not defended at all. Here, we report a new
 multi-order mimicry complex that includes at least 140 different putative
 mimics from four arthropod orders including ants, wasps, bugs, tree
 hoppers and spiders. All members of this mimicry complex are characterised
 by a conspicuous golden body and an ant Gestalt, but vary substantially in
 their defensive traits. However, they were similarly effective at
 deterring predators - even mildly defended mimics were rarely eaten by a
 community of invertebrate and vertebrate predators both in the wild and
 during staged trials. We propose that despite the predominance of less
 defended mimics the three predatory guilds avoid the mimics because of the
 additive influence of the various defensive traits.
description: Measurements of
 colouration, distribution, unpalatability, and predationMeasurements of
 colouration, distribution, unpalatability for 100 mimics and estimates of
 predation in the fielddata.xls