DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh71f5
title: Biochemical and antioxidant responses of codling moth, <em>Cydia pomonella</em> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae to streptomycin exposure

description: The extensive use of conventional insecticides for pest management has
 raised concerns due to their adverse effects on non-target organisms,
 environmental persistence, and health risks to mammals. Identifying
 alternative control agents with lower ecological impact has therefore
 become a priority. In this study, the ecotoxicological effects of
 streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with low mammalian toxicity,
 were evaluated in larvae of Cydia pomonella, a major agricultural pest.
 Biochemical assays revealed significant increases in the activities of
 transferase enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) and metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, CK,
 AMYL) following streptomycin exposure, indicating cellular damage and
 disruption of energy metabolism. Moreover, non-enzymatic antioxidant
 levels were significantly altered. Albumin and bilirubin-related
 tetrapyrrole levels increased, whereas uric acid decreased. These findings
 demonstrate that streptomycin interferes with both metabolic and
 antioxidant defense systems in C. pomonella. While streptomycin shows
 potential as a chemical tool for codling moth control, its broader
 ecological consequences must be considered before large-scale application.
description: # Biochemical and antioxidant responses of codling moth, *Cydia pomonella*
 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae to streptomycin exposure Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.mkkwh71f5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mkkwh71f5) ##
 Description of the data and file structure This dataset contains raw
 biochemical measurements used to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of
 streptomycin on last-instar larvae of *Cydia pomonella*. Larvae were
 exposed to three sublethal concentrations of streptomycin (200, 400, and
 800 ppm) via haemocoelic injection, along with a water-injected control
 group. After 24 h, whole-body homogenates were analyzed for metabolic
 enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters. The data support Figures
 1 and 2 of the associated manuscript. #### File **Raw_ANOVA.csv**\ CSV
 file containing all raw measurements used for one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s
 HSD analyses. Each row represents an independent experimental replicate.
 **Variables** * **Group**: experimental treatment\ (`control`, `c1` = 200
 ppm, `c2` = 400 ppm, `c3` = 800 ppm) * **AST** * **ALT** * **GGT** *
 **LDH** * **ALP** * **CK** * **AMYL** * **ALB** * **BIL** * **UA** (All
 biochemical measurements are reported in standard clinical units as
 described below.) **Abbreviations and definitions** * **AST** – Aspartate
 aminotransferase (U/L), indicator of amino acid metabolism and cellular
 damage * **ALT** – Alanine aminotransferase (U/L), marker of metabolic
 stress and tissue damage * **GGT** – Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L),
 associated with glutathione metabolism and antioxidant defense * **LDH** –
 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), marker of cellular damage and anaerobic
 metabolism * **ALP** – Alkaline phosphatase (U/L), involved in energy
 metabolism and membrane transport * **CK** – Creatine kinase (U/L), energy
 homeostasis * **AMYL** – Amylase (U/L), related to carbohydrate metabolism
 * **ALB** – Albumin (g/L), non-enzymatic antioxidant and stress-related
 protein * **BIL** – Bilirubin-like tetrapyrroles (mg/dL), heme-derived
 antioxidant pigments in insects * **UA** – Uric acid (mg/dL), nitrogenous
 waste product and antioxidant #### Experimental design and analysis Each
 treatment group consisted of 20 larvae, and experiments were independently
 repeated four times. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way
 ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (*p* &lt; 0.05) in IBM SPSS Statistics
 v26.0. #### Data access and reuse The dataset is provided in CSV format to
 ensure accessibility, transparency, and reuse across different software
 platforms.