DOI: 10.5061/dryad.td8sb
title: Data from: Taxonomy, biogeography and DNA barcodes of Geodia species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) in the Atlantic boreo-arctic region

description: Geodia species north of 60°N in the Atlantic appeared in the literature
 for the first time when Bowerbank described Geodia barretti and
 G. macandrewii in 1858 from western Norway. Since then, a number of
 species have been based on material from various parts of the region:
 G. simplex, Isops phlegraei, I. pallida, I. sphaeroides, Synops
 pyriformis, G. parva, G. normani, G. atlantica, Sidonops mesotriaena (now
 called G. hentscheli), and G. simplicissima. In addition to these 12
 nominal species, four species described from elsewhere are claimed to have
 been identified in material from the northeast Atlantic, namely
 G. nodastrella and G. cydonium (and its synonyms Cydonium muelleri and
 Geodia gigas). In this paper, we revise the boreo-arctic Geodia species
 using morphological, molecular, and biogeographical data. We notably
 compare northwest and northeast Atlantic specimens. Biological data
 (reproduction, biochemistry, microbiology, epibionts) for each species are
 also reviewed. Our results show that there are six valid species of
 boreo-arctic Atlantic Geodia while other names are synonyms or
 mis-identifications. Geodia barretti, G. atlantica, G. macandrewii, and
 G. hentscheli are well established and widely distributed. The same goes
 for Geodia phlegraei, but this species shows a striking geographical and
 bathymetric variation, which led us to recognize two species, G. phlegraei
 and G. parva (here resurrected). Some Geodia are arctic species
 (G. hentscheli, G. parva), while others are typically boreal
 (G. atlantica, G. barretti, G. phlegraei, G. macandrewii). No
 morphological differences were found between specimens from the northeast
 and northwest Atlantic, except for G. parva. The Folmer cytochrome oxidase
 subunit I (COI) fragment is unique for every species and invariable over
 their whole distribution range, except for G. barretti which had two
 haplotypes. 18S is unique for four species but cannot discriminate
 G. phlegraei and G. parva. Two keys to the boreo-arctic Geodia are
 included, one based on external morphology, the other based on spicule
 morphology.
description: Geodia boreo-arctic
 distributionThis excel file includes
 locality records for all six species of boreo-arctic Geodia examined by us
 in various campaigns/museums collections and from the litterature. This
 file includes geographical coordinates, museum collection or reference,
 temperature and salinity when available. When the latitude/longitude
 information was missing but the locality was given, we reconstructed the
 geographic coordinates using Google Earth. Temperature ranges for each
 species were obtained from the campaigns in which bottom temperatures were
 recorded (e.g. Ingolf Exp., BIOICE, BIOFAR, PA1994, PA2010-009) and from
 the literature.Geodia_boreo-arctic_distribution.xlsList of Geodia specimens examinedList of boreo-arctic Geodia specimens identified for this study and used to build the distribution maps: In cases where we have many samples from approximately the same locality only a minor number of records are listed; the number in parentheses is the number of specimens caught at each station.List of Geodia specimens.docx