cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26537439.v1
title: From onset of Cadomian subduction to forearc-arc-continent collision: Insights from the Neoproterozoic Calzadilla Metaophiolite (SW Iberia)

description: The Cadomian basement of SW Iberian Massif appears in the so-called Ossa-Morena Complex, which contains several allochthonous terranes that are key for deciphering the evolution of the Gondwana margin during the Neoproterozoic. In this context, the Calzadilla Ophiolite represents the remnants of an oceanic Ediacaran lithosphere formed by a boninitic mafic crust that overlies a serpentinized ultramafic section, the latter being the biggest outcrop of Cadomian serpentinites in Europe. In this work, the petrological and geochemical nature of the mantle section is analysed, as well as the tectonothermal evolution of both, the mafic crust and the ultramafic section. The algebraic analysis of whole rock geochemistry of the serpentinites indicates that the protolith corresponds to harzburgite. The geochemical fingerprint of the serpentinites, as well as the primary spinel crystals composition, shows that peridotites underwent high degrees of partial melting (up to 16%) in a forearc setting. Thermodynamic modelling and average PT methods were applied to serpentinites and mafic dykes from the ultramafic section as well as to amphibolites from the mafic section, both of which experienced progradation up to 4–5 kbar and 525–575°C. According to the data, the protoliths of the Calzadilla Ophiolite were formed in a peri-Gondwanan arc system developed during the subduction of oceanic crust below Gondwana. The roll-back of the subducting slab would induce the opening of the forearc basin at c. 602 Ma, protolith age of amphibolites from crustal section, with an extensive partial melting of the mantle wedge and the formation of boninitic-affinity magmas that constitute the mafic section of the Calzadilla Ophiolite. Metasomatism and serpentinization of the mantle wedge would occur via melt- and fluid–rock interactions. A compression-dominated stage at c. 540 led to the emplacement of the Calzadilla Ophiolite onto the Cadomian magmatic arc, with the development of the amphibolite-facies metamorphic imprint.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27239590
title: Continental-scale sediment mixing and dispersal across northern Gondwana: detrital zircon U-Pb-O-Hf isotopic evidence from the Cambro-Ordovician sandstones overlying the Arabian Shield

description: The juvenile Neoproterozoic basement of the Arabian Shield is overlain with angular unconformity by a voluminous Cambro-Ordovician cover sequence known as the Saq Formation and Wajid Group. Provenance studies of this vast siliciclastic cover over the Saudi Arabian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) have to date been based solely on U-Pb zircon data and heavy minerals. We present the first combined <i>in-situ</i> U-Pb, δ<sup>18</sup>O and Lu-Hf isotopic data for detrital zircon from the Saq and Wajid units exposed along the northeastern margin and southern part of the Arabian Shield. U-Pb age spectra reveal prominent age peaks at ca. 0.8–0.55 Ga and 1.1–0.9 Ga with subordinate peaks at ca. 2.2–1.7 Ga and 2.7–2.5 Ga. The δ<sup>18</sup>O secular variation mirrors global compilations with Archaean zircon defining a restricted δ<sup>18</sup>O range of ca. 4.0–8.0 ‰ and younger zircon showing wide variation in δ<sup>18</sup>O up to ca. 14 ‰. The ca. 0.8–0.55 Ga age peak has the largest variation in ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) with about half of all these Neoproterozoic zircon grains being juvenile (ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) &gt; 5), which are interpreted to be sourced from the juvenile terranes of the ANS. Neoproterozoic zircon with evolved ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) signatures require a more distal source beyond the ANS. As extensive ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga crust is lacking in the vicinity of the ANS, the ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga age peak is interpreted to be derived from either contemporaneous orogenic belts in Central Africa or recycled from older sedimentary rocks containing these age components. Extreme variations in δ<sup>18</sup>O of post–Archaean zircon, together with the evolved ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t), indicate crustal thickening and increased incorporation of supracrustal material associated with collisional orogenesis. The remarkable similarities in age spectra and isotopic compositions of the Saq Formation and Wajid Group sandstones with those from other regions in northern Gondwana indicate a continental–scale homogenization and dispersion process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27239590.v1
title: Continental-scale sediment mixing and dispersal across northern Gondwana: detrital zircon U-Pb-O-Hf isotopic evidence from the Cambro-Ordovician sandstones overlying the Arabian Shield

description: The juvenile Neoproterozoic basement of the Arabian Shield is overlain with angular unconformity by a voluminous Cambro-Ordovician cover sequence known as the Saq Formation and Wajid Group. Provenance studies of this vast siliciclastic cover over the Saudi Arabian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) have to date been based solely on U-Pb zircon data and heavy minerals. We present the first combined <i>in-situ</i> U-Pb, δ<sup>18</sup>O and Lu-Hf isotopic data for detrital zircon from the Saq and Wajid units exposed along the northeastern margin and southern part of the Arabian Shield. U-Pb age spectra reveal prominent age peaks at ca. 0.8–0.55 Ga and 1.1–0.9 Ga with subordinate peaks at ca. 2.2–1.7 Ga and 2.7–2.5 Ga. The δ<sup>18</sup>O secular variation mirrors global compilations with Archaean zircon defining a restricted δ<sup>18</sup>O range of ca. 4.0–8.0 ‰ and younger zircon showing wide variation in δ<sup>18</sup>O up to ca. 14 ‰. The ca. 0.8–0.55 Ga age peak has the largest variation in ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) with about half of all these Neoproterozoic zircon grains being juvenile (ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) &gt; 5), which are interpreted to be sourced from the juvenile terranes of the ANS. Neoproterozoic zircon with evolved ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) signatures require a more distal source beyond the ANS. As extensive ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga crust is lacking in the vicinity of the ANS, the ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga age peak is interpreted to be derived from either contemporaneous orogenic belts in Central Africa or recycled from older sedimentary rocks containing these age components. Extreme variations in δ<sup>18</sup>O of post–Archaean zircon, together with the evolved ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t), indicate crustal thickening and increased incorporation of supracrustal material associated with collisional orogenesis. The remarkable similarities in age spectra and isotopic compositions of the Saq Formation and Wajid Group sandstones with those from other regions in northern Gondwana indicate a continental–scale homogenization and dispersion process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28104281
title: Subduction-collision and rapid uplift of the NW Yangtze Block during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition: new evidence from the shoshonite series

description: The NW Yangtze Block has long been regarded as a passive continental margin during Ediacaran and Cambrian. However, with the deepening of the regional geological survey and deep oil and gas exploration, the depositional sequence and palaeogeographic patterns of Ediacaran and Cambrian in the Sichuan basin are not consistent with the general sedimentary evolution process of passive margin more and more. To fully understand the tectonic property and palaeogeography of the NW Yangtze Block, a comprehensive study of the whole rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb chronology and Hf isotopic composition analysis were carried out on the Weimen volcanic rocks, which mainly consist of trachyte, trachy-andesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite in Maoxian area. They have high light rare earth element (LREE) and large ion lithophile element (LILE) concentrations, but are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE). They are characterized by having high K<sub>2</sub>O+Na<sub>2</sub>O (5.60–9.48%), MgO (1.47–4.58%), Ce/Yb (11.67–25.79), and normalized hypersthene (Hy = 2.14–14.17), indicate an unambiguous feature of the shoshonite series. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the volcanic rocks have crystallization ages ranging from 528 Ma to 523 Ma, with positive zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub> (t) ranging from + 1.31 to + 5.26. In combination with previous studies, the early Cambrian shoshonite series in Maoxian area are interpreted to be formed in a continental collision setting. Therefore, the discovery of the shoshonite series suggests that the NW Yangtze Block has experienced an important process of continental subduction and collisional orogeny in response to the Gondwana assembly, and consequently provided a large amount of terrigenous sources to rapidly fill into the early Cambrian foreland basin. Firstly report 530-520 Ma shoshonite series in NW Yangtze.Weimen shoshonite series demystify the dynamics of the cratonic rift.NW Yangtze underwent continental collision and rapid uplift from Ediacaran to Cambrian. Firstly report 530-520 Ma shoshonite series in NW Yangtze. Weimen shoshonite series demystify the dynamics of the cratonic rift. NW Yangtze underwent continental collision and rapid uplift from Ediacaran to Cambrian.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26776795
title: A review of W and Sn isotopes and insights into their emerging applications in ore deposit geology

description: In recent years, the advancements in multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC – ICP – MS) technology have significantly enhanced our understanding of the isotopic variations in tungsten (W) and tin (Sn) among natural samples. The application of W isotopic fractionation (δ<sup>186/184</sup>W <sub>NIST 3163</sub>) has emerged in tracing the material cycle associated with solid Earth evolution as an excellent indicator. Also, the findings of Sn isotopic fractionation (e.g. δ<sup>122/118</sup>Sn <sub>3161a</sub>) in cassiterite have achieved initial success in revealing magmatic-hydrothermal processes. However, the mechanisms responsible for variations in W and Sn isotopes in the ore-forming processes remain to be fully addressed, and there is an urgent need to apply the W – Sn isotope systematics to geology (especially for ore deposit geology). In this contribution, the high-precision analytical methods for W and Sn isotopes, the significant variability in isotopic compositions, and the immense functionality of the tracing process are systematically summarized and reviewed. Conclusively, the prospects of the application of W and Sn isotopes in geology are listed, and it is pointed out that it is urgent to introduce W – Sn double isotope systematics into the study of ore deposits, apply the stable isotopic method for tracing the source of ore-forming materials and modelling the evolution of W and Sn isotopes in W – Sn metallogenic system. Focusing on the composition variations of W and Sn isotopes in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution is expected to explore the fractionation mechanism of those isotopes in the mineralization process from multiple perspectives, establishing the evolution model of W and Sn isotopes in the complex W – Sn metallogenic system, which can provide a fresh approach for in-depth understanding of the genesis of W – Sn mineralization, and then facilitating a new perspective for the study of large-scale W – Sn polymetallic mineralization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26776795.v1
title: A review of W and Sn isotopes and insights into their emerging applications in ore deposit geology

description: In recent years, the advancements in multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC – ICP – MS) technology have significantly enhanced our understanding of the isotopic variations in tungsten (W) and tin (Sn) among natural samples. The application of W isotopic fractionation (δ<sup>186/184</sup>W <sub>NIST 3163</sub>) has emerged in tracing the material cycle associated with solid Earth evolution as an excellent indicator. Also, the findings of Sn isotopic fractionation (e.g. δ<sup>122/118</sup>Sn <sub>3161a</sub>) in cassiterite have achieved initial success in revealing magmatic-hydrothermal processes. However, the mechanisms responsible for variations in W and Sn isotopes in the ore-forming processes remain to be fully addressed, and there is an urgent need to apply the W – Sn isotope systematics to geology (especially for ore deposit geology). In this contribution, the high-precision analytical methods for W and Sn isotopes, the significant variability in isotopic compositions, and the immense functionality of the tracing process are systematically summarized and reviewed. Conclusively, the prospects of the application of W and Sn isotopes in geology are listed, and it is pointed out that it is urgent to introduce W – Sn double isotope systematics into the study of ore deposits, apply the stable isotopic method for tracing the source of ore-forming materials and modelling the evolution of W and Sn isotopes in W – Sn metallogenic system. Focusing on the composition variations of W and Sn isotopes in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution is expected to explore the fractionation mechanism of those isotopes in the mineralization process from multiple perspectives, establishing the evolution model of W and Sn isotopes in the complex W – Sn metallogenic system, which can provide a fresh approach for in-depth understanding of the genesis of W – Sn mineralization, and then facilitating a new perspective for the study of large-scale W – Sn polymetallic mineralization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26795380
title: P-T evolution of HP migmatitic paragneiss from the Beni Bousera metamorphic unit (internal Rif, Northern Morocco) constrained by phase equilibria modelling and melt reintegration

description: The high-pressure (HP) migmatitic paragneiss of the Beni Bousera metamorphic unit (BBMU) from the Beni Bousera Massif underwent granulite-facies metamorphism. They mainly consist of garnet, biotite, kyanite, sillimanite, cordierite, spinel, quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, rutile, ilmenite and graphite. These minerals form a sequence of metamorphic assemblages corresponding to five metamorphic events (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5). The first three events correspond to a latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian metamorphic evolution, while the last two are retrograde and Alpine in age. The p-T conditions of these metamorphic events were estimated using pseudosection calculations in the MnNCKFMASTHO system. Following prograde stage conditions of 9.3–10.9 kbar and 630–665°C (M1 stage), the p-T evolution culminates in melting of the paragneiss which occurred mainly at HP conditions, within the kyanite stability field, at 11.8–14.2 kbar and 820–845°C (M2 pressure-peak); anatexis then continued at high to medium pressure (HMP), within the sillimanite stability field, at 9.9–11 Kbar and 840–860°C (M3 thermal-peak), accompanied by the production of very small proportions of melt. The prograde p-T segment of the inferred clockwise path is characterized by a pressurization related to a post-Variscan collisional event triggered by the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean, and is followed by the exhumation of the granulitic unit to mid-crustal depth, with slight coeval heating. The retrograde Alpine evolution is coeval with the final exhumation of the migmatitic paragneiss and underlying peridotites during back-arc extension related to the westward retreat of the Alpine subduction. It occurred under sub-solidus conditions from 9.5–10.7 kbar and 818–848°C (M4) to 4.9–5.85 kbar and 710–785°C (M5) and corresponds to a near-isothermal and strongly decompressive metamorphic evolution (ΔP <b>≈</b> 5 Kbar).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26795380.v1
title: P-T evolution of HP migmatitic paragneiss from the Beni Bousera metamorphic unit (internal Rif, Northern Morocco) constrained by phase equilibria modelling and melt reintegration

description: The high-pressure (HP) migmatitic paragneiss of the Beni Bousera metamorphic unit (BBMU) from the Beni Bousera Massif underwent granulite-facies metamorphism. They mainly consist of garnet, biotite, kyanite, sillimanite, cordierite, spinel, quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, rutile, ilmenite and graphite. These minerals form a sequence of metamorphic assemblages corresponding to five metamorphic events (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5). The first three events correspond to a latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian metamorphic evolution, while the last two are retrograde and Alpine in age. The p-T conditions of these metamorphic events were estimated using pseudosection calculations in the MnNCKFMASTHO system. Following prograde stage conditions of 9.3–10.9 kbar and 630–665°C (M1 stage), the p-T evolution culminates in melting of the paragneiss which occurred mainly at HP conditions, within the kyanite stability field, at 11.8–14.2 kbar and 820–845°C (M2 pressure-peak); anatexis then continued at high to medium pressure (HMP), within the sillimanite stability field, at 9.9–11 Kbar and 840–860°C (M3 thermal-peak), accompanied by the production of very small proportions of melt. The prograde p-T segment of the inferred clockwise path is characterized by a pressurization related to a post-Variscan collisional event triggered by the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean, and is followed by the exhumation of the granulitic unit to mid-crustal depth, with slight coeval heating. The retrograde Alpine evolution is coeval with the final exhumation of the migmatitic paragneiss and underlying peridotites during back-arc extension related to the westward retreat of the Alpine subduction. It occurred under sub-solidus conditions from 9.5–10.7 kbar and 818–848°C (M4) to 4.9–5.85 kbar and 710–785°C (M5) and corresponds to a near-isothermal and strongly decompressive metamorphic evolution (ΔP <b>≈</b> 5 Kbar).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28104281.v2
title: Subduction-collision and rapid uplift of the NW Yangtze Block during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition: new evidence from the shoshonite series

description: The NW Yangtze Block has long been regarded as a passive continental margin during Ediacaran and Cambrian. However, with the deepening of the regional geological survey and deep oil and gas exploration, the depositional sequence and palaeogeographic patterns of Ediacaran and Cambrian in the Sichuan basin are not consistent with the general sedimentary evolution process of passive margin more and more. To fully understand the tectonic property and palaeogeography of the NW Yangtze Block, a comprehensive study of the whole rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb chronology and Hf isotopic composition analysis were carried out on the Weimen volcanic rocks, which mainly consist of trachyte, trachy-andesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite in Maoxian area. They have high light rare earth element (LREE) and large ion lithophile element (LILE) concentrations, but are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE). They are characterized by having high K<sub>2</sub>O+Na<sub>2</sub>O (5.60–9.48%), MgO (1.47–4.58%), Ce/Yb (11.67–25.79), and normalized hypersthene (Hy = 2.14–14.17), indicate an unambiguous feature of the shoshonite series. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the volcanic rocks have crystallization ages ranging from 528 Ma to 523 Ma, with positive zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub> (t) ranging from + 1.31 to + 5.26. In combination with previous studies, the early Cambrian shoshonite series in Maoxian area are interpreted to be formed in a continental collision setting. Therefore, the discovery of the shoshonite series suggests that the NW Yangtze Block has experienced an important process of continental subduction and collisional orogeny in response to the Gondwana assembly, and consequently provided a large amount of terrigenous sources to rapidly fill into the early Cambrian foreland basin. Firstly report 530-520 Ma shoshonite series in NW Yangtze.Weimen shoshonite series demystify the dynamics of the cratonic rift.NW Yangtze underwent continental collision and rapid uplift from Ediacaran to Cambrian. Firstly report 530-520 Ma shoshonite series in NW Yangtze. Weimen shoshonite series demystify the dynamics of the cratonic rift. NW Yangtze underwent continental collision and rapid uplift from Ediacaran to Cambrian.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26839871
title: The Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotopic event recorded in the marbles from the northeast São Francisco Craton, Brazil: a review, new data, palaeogeography and phosphogenetic correlation

description: The Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (LJE) is a significant positive δ<sup>13</sup>Ccarb anomaly in Paleoproterozoic carbonates globally. In the northeast São Francisco Craton (SFC), this event is documented in phosphorous (P)-rich marbles, along with subordinate graphite schists and iron formations, located in the Tanque Novo-Ipirá Complex (TNIC), Jacurici Valley (JV) and Rio Salitre Complex (RSC). Although the TNIC, JV, and RSC share comparable geological, geochronological, and mineralization characteristics, their connection and phosphogenic ties to the LJE are still uncertain. By combining new and reviewed C and O isotopes, cerium (Ce) anomalies relative to an array of rare earth elements, and yttrium (REY), we aim to constrain the paleoenvironmental conditions governing the phosphogenesis in the northeast SFC and its cause-and-effect relationship with the LJE. The Ce anomalies between 0.12 and 0.67 reveal a connection between the TNIC, JV, and RSC marbles and an oxic-suboxic shallow ocean influenced by detritus inflow. The remaining dataset links the carbonate protoliths to a continental margin of a paleocean and continental rift. Additionally, The positive δ<sup>13</sup>C excursions in the marbles, ranging from 5. 38 to 9.69‰, in conjunction with available geochronological data, indicate a maximum deposition age within 2.20 and 2.02 Ga. Our results indicate that the carbonate protoliths in the TNIC, JV, and RSC were deposited in similar paleoenvironmental conditions during the Paleoproterozoic. During this time, factors such as elevated oxygen levels, oceanic primary paleoproductivity, and organic matter burial played a crucial role in determining P supply, precipitation, and accumulation. These factors ultimately led to the positive δ<sup>13</sup>C excursions observed in the SFC, which are consistent with marine carbonates found around the world towards the end of the LJE.