DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hn9
title: Data from: Diversification dynamics of vegetation during the Cenozoic in the Neotropics: A palynological perspective from Colombia

description: The Neotropics maintains the highest biodiversity of the planet, exerts
 control in global climate and play an important role in the dynamics of
 our planet. Researches from a wide range of disciplines are very
 interested in understanding how diversity in the Neotropics was produced
 and how it is maintained through deep time. Despite important advances in
 our understanding of the origin and diversification of Neotropical biota,
 we still do not have a clear idea about the patterns of diversification
 through geological time. This presents a significant knowledge-gap that
 needs to be filled. Fossils are necessary to understand the history of the
 Neotropical biota. From the perspective of plants, palynology represents
 the best proxy to study the macroevolution of vegetation. Pollen and
 spores fossilize readily, they are produced in large amounts, are found in
 a widely variety of sedimentary environments and they have high
 stratigraphic resolution. In this work, we used a compilation of
 palynological information from Colombia to explore patterns of plant
 diversification during the Cenozoic and their possible drivers. Changes in
 global temperature had an important influence on the dynamics of
 diversification, especially during volatile climate intervals.
 Paleogeographic changes and regional geological events also had an
 important role in modelling diversity. Origination and Extinction are
 balanced on long time scale with pulses of extinction followed by rapid
 floral replacement on a time scale of 1 Ma. The macroevolutionary history
 of Neotropical vegetation is a complex puzzle that requires the
 integration of data from multiple areas of research in biology and
 earth-physical sciences. The purpose of our work is to provide a small
 piece of evidence that helps to reconstruct this interesting puzzle.
description: # Diversification dynamics of vegetation during the Cenozoic in the
 Neotropics: a palynological perspective from Colombia
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hn9](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hn9) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables #### File: Supplementary\_Files.xls 1. **SF-1**:  mean standing diversity estimated from the complete composite section assuming range-through and using only species with stratigraphic ranges below a threshold duration.    Age_bin: age in millions of years    Max duration=70: diversity estimated for each Age bin when dataset includes only taxa with long stratigraphic ranges (spanning 70 Ma)    Max duration=10: diversity estimated for each Age bin when dataset includes only taxa with relatively short stratigraphic ranges (spanning less than 10 Ma    Max duration=1: diversity estimated for each Age bin when dataset includes only taxa with relatively short stratigraphic ranges (spanning less than 1 Ma) 2. **SF-2**  SQS diversity estimates for each sample of the complete composite section using a quorum level of 0.6.      bin_age: age interval for each individual sample.      age: age in million of years of each individual sample.      subsampled.richness.06: SQS diversity of each individual sample at a quorum level of 0.6 3. **SF-3**: SQS diversity estimates using the complete composite section and the abundance-frequency distributions of all samples within 1 Ma intervals.      Age: age in million of years of each interval.      subsampled.richness.06: SQS diversity estimated for each interval. 4. **SF-4**: SQS diversity estimates using the complete composite section and the species occurrence-frequency distribution and presence/absence data for species within samples.       Age: age in million of years of each interval.        subsampled.richness.06: SQS diversity estimated for each interval. 5. **SF-5**: extinction rates matrix estimated from the complete composite section.       columns: time intervals in million of years (65.5, 64.5, 63.5...0.5) rows: extinction rates. 6. **SF-6**: origination rates matrix estimated from the complete composite section.                  columns: time intervals in million of years (65.5, 64.5, 63.5...0.5)                  rows: extinction rates.