cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78850
title: Girls' school, Wazirabad, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Hindu Girls’ School, Wazirabad”, “Panjab, India”. Group portrait of Young indigenous girls and some of their teachers. Often Hindu converts to Christianity were from the lower castes and impoverished. The girls’ school was run by the Church of Scotland Women’s Association for Foreign Missions and supervised by Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) The mission in Wazirabad was established with the arrival of Mohammed Ismail (-1873) who took over the government school in 1863. ❧ The town of Wazirabad was founded in 1636 by Shah Jahan (1592-1658) on the banks of the Chenab River and is 45 Kilometres west of Sialkot .
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78831
title: Dispensary, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Mission Dispensary, Sialkot". Exterior view showing a plain two storey brick building. A large group of indigenous people have gathered around the entrance. The medical provision by the mission was extremely important in the Punjab as severe outbreaks of diseases occurred regularly. In later years the mission would campaign for more women medical staff to treat women as male doctors were often barred from examining them. John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, would arrive in Sialkot in 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Sialkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78828
title: Where the Hunters died, Sialkot, ca.1900

description: "Bridge where the Hunters were killed - Sialkot, Panjab, India". Landscape view of a small bridge over a river. A horse and cart are coming along the road towards the crossing. Thomas Hunter (1827-1857), the first Church of Scotland missionary to the Punjab, was murdered, with his family, during the Indian Mutiny the same year as they arrived in Sialkot. He, his wife Jane and their baby child attempted to escape first to Wazirabad and then towards the fort in Sialkot. When passing the jail they were shot at and then attacked by a jailor’s assistant with a sword. The bodies were thrown from the carriage onto the embankment. They are buried in a garden next to the fort in Sialkot and the Hunter Memorial Church was opened in their name in 1865.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78853
title: Sham Singh Hospital, Chamba, India, ca.1900

description: “State Hospital, Camba, India”. Exterior view of a large two storey building built in a Anglo-Indian style. The hospital was built in 1891 by the medical department of Chamba under the supervision of Raja Sham Singh (1866-1905), who also had the church built for the Church of Scotland mission in Chamba. ❧ The Chamba mission was established, in 1863, by William Ferguson (1821-1904) as an independent venture. When Ferguson retired he handed the mission over to the Church of Scotland. Dr Hutchison took over the running of the Chamba district, in 1873, and remained there until his death in 1936. A great deal of medical work was undertaken including; medico-evangelistic itineration amongst the Himalayan slopes, the building of a dispensary and the help Wellesley Cosby Bailey gave in building an asylum for lepers.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78829
title: Hunter family graves, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Graves of the Hunters – Sialkot, Panjab, India”. Exterior view showing two horizontal grave markers in a walled garden. Thomas Hunter (1827-1857), the first Church of Scotland missionary to the Punjab, was murdered, with his family, during the Indian Mutiny[Rebellion] the same year as they arrived in Sialkot. He, his wife Jane and their baby child attempted to escape first to Wazirabad and then towards the fort in Sialkot. When passing the jail they were shot at and then attacked by a jailor’s assistant with a sword. The bodies were thrown from the carriage onto the embankment. They are buried in a garden next to the fort in Sialkot and the Hunter Memorial Church was opened in their name in 1865.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78834
title: Womens mission, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Ladies mission house, Sialkot, Panjab, India". Exterior view a large residential building, two storeys high, with an arched terrace running around the house. The Sialkot Ladies Mission was run by the Aberdeen Auxiliary of the Church of Scotland Women’s Association for Foreign Missions. Their first representative had been Miss E.S. Paterson, sister of Rev. Robert Paterson, who arrived in Gujrat in 1888. She was followed by Miss Isabella Plumb (1861-1944) and Miss Mary E. Scorgie (fl.1890) who established the bases for the women’s mission in Sialkot. The Women’s Associations main remit was the education of women in India and involved setting up girls’ schools and teaching in zenanas. It also included medical work.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78847
title: Interior of Mission House, Daska, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Drawing room, Mission house, Daska”, “Panjab, India”. Interior view of a room showing a mantelpiece, on which sit framed photographs, chairs and a writing desk. Bright sunlight shines through the glass panes of the door. Daska is situated twenty miles South West of Sialkot and was the main station from which itineration could be carried out in the surrounding district and from early on had a permanent catechist. William Scott (1866-1936) spent the greater part of his career in Daska and was Principal of the Christian Boys’ Training School.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78852
title: Mission House, Chamba, India, ca.1900

description: "Mission House, Chamba, Panjab, India". Exterior view showing a three storey residence built in an Edwardian style and surrounded by lush vegetation. Two indigenous women stand on a path coming from the house. ❧ The Chamba mission was established, in 1863, by William Ferguson (1821-1904) as an independent venture after the committee of the India Mission turned down his offer of work. When Ferguson retired he handed the mission over to the Church of Scotland. Dr Hutchison took over the running of the Chamba district, in 1873, from William Ferguson and remained there until his death in 1936. Medico-evangelistic work was undertaken amongst the Himalayan slopes and the missionary parties would endure extreme conditions to spread the Christian gospels and provide medical treatments. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78826
title: Village in Sialkot District, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Outside a village, Sialkot District, Panjab, India”. Exterior view looking over a river at the fortified walls of a village whilst cattle graze along the bank. Some children sit on the wall. Sialkot is situated at the base of the Himalayan Range and extends for 1958 Square miles and is the most populous of the Punjab districts. When the Church of Scotland chose it as the base for their missionary work in the Punjab, in 1857, they sent Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) who was murdered with his family during the Indian Mutiny that same year. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Sialkot and throughout the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78845
title: Mission House, Gujrat, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Mission House, Gujrat”, “Panjab, India”. Exterior view of a house built in a traditional style with an extensive veranda with Persian style archways. Gujrat lies ten miles north of Wazirabad across the Chinab River and was the scene of the last struggle between the British and the Sikhs. Muhammad Ismail (-1873), who had accompanied Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) to Sialkot in 1857, started preaching there in 1860 and would end up running the school and taking charge of the church in Gujrat. He was buried in the city, next to Dr. Elmslie, after his death in 1873. Robert Paterson commenced work there in 1865 and his children and grandchildren would return to Gujrat to work with the mission including Robert McCheyne Paterson (1862-1942) who spent many years there.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82325
title: Rev. John Watt and class, Chogoria, Kenya, 1941

description: “Mr Watt & primary school boys 1940 [1941]. Chogoria school.” Group portrait of teacher and sixth form pupils at the entrance to a building. The boys would sit the Government exam and go onto the Alliance High School or a Government institution. Rev. John A R Watt became the supervisor of schools and headmaster of the primary school in 1941 and stayed at Chogoria until March 1946. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82350
title: Male ward, Chogoria, Kenya, 1928

description: “Chogoria, early days.” Interior view of the male ward with orderlies changing dressings on a patient. The hospital assistants wore khaki uniforms and pork pie hats and performed most of the duties in the wards, dispensaries and theatre ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82348
title: Male ward, Chogoria, Kenya, 1928

description: “Chogoria, early days.” Interior view of the male ward with orderlies and patients, Dr Irvine stands at the back. The main hospital was completed in 1926 and consisted of male and female wards, operating theatre and stores. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78833
title: Village Church, Sialkot District, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Bola Bans Church, Sialkot District". Exterior view of a utilitarian building serving as a church in one of the mission outposts. Two men stand out front and are possibly the indigenous evangelists working in the field. The Punjab had been chosen as the first field in India for the Church of Scotland and after the disruption of the Indian Rebellion the mission rapidly expanded in the Sialkot district. Native evangelists were often at the forefront of the mission expansion and also part of the original group establishing the field. Muhammad Ismail (-1873) accompanied Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) to Sialkot, from Bombay, and worked as a Evangelist there and in Gujrat for many years.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82311
title: Male ward, Chogoria, Kenya, 1928

description: “Dressings in surgical ward hospital.” Interior view of the male ward at the main hospital, Dr Irvine stands in the middle. Built in 1925, the hospital consisted of two wards, set at an angle to each other, with the hospital facilities and operating theatre connecting them. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79174
title: Railway and Salt Heaps, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “The Railway and Salt Heaps, Sambhar.” View of railway tracks running alongside large salt heaps. Several people are also seated next to railway tracks. The salt was extracted from the nearby Sambhar Salt Lake. The railway was constructed to facilitate the transport of salt from the Salt Lake. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82441
title: School classes outdoors, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1950

description: “Schools.” Landscape view of the grounds at Chogoria with three classes sitting with their teacher in various locations. They appear to be different year groups from the girls' school. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82310
title: Religious service, Chogoria, Kenya, 1929

description: “Preaching at the market, Dr Irvine & Miss Malcolm.” Crowd scene showing a large indigenous population gathered around a missionary service. Dr Irvine is seated with a bible and Miss Malcolm plays the organ. Rita Butter-Malcolm worked in women’s education and as a nurse. The Rev. Solomon Ndambi, who is showing bible pictures to the crowd, came to Chogoria in 1928 as the Parish minister. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82309
title: On a mission safari, Eastern Provence, Kenya, 1929

description: “On safari.” Group portrait of Dr Irvine and mission staff sitting at a campsite at one of the villages in the Chuka- Mwimbi district. M’ragwa, the local chief, is on the left and behind Dr Irvine stands a biblical illustration. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82429
title: Hospital staff gathering for church, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1960

description: “Hospital Sunday, church parade.” Group portrait of nurses and hospital assistants standing in rows of two outside the out-patient building at the Chogoria hospital. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82428
title: Hospital staff gathering for church, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1960

description: “Hospital Sunday, church parade.” Group portrait of nurses and hospital assistants standing in rows of two outside the out-patient building at the Chogoria hospital. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82432
title: Practical exam, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1960

description: “Practical exam 1st V.S.O. Pat Buchan.” Interior view showing nursing staff and trainees during a practical exam. Pat Buchan was the first Voluntary Service Overseas volunteer at the Chogoria mission hospital. The Chogoria Nurse Training School taught a three year course for the Kenyan nursing qualification. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79236
title: Tala Pir, Tala, India, ca.1901

description: “Tala Pir. The grave of a Muhammadan Saint. It is 25 miles N.E. of Jaipur and is mainly built of stones from destroyed Hindu Temples.” External view of stairs leading up to stone entranceway. This is possibly the burial site of Sheikh Burhan, a Muslim mendicant whose shrine is located at Tala, northeast of Jaipur. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78843
title: Parish Church, Gujrat, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: "Church of England, Gujrat". "Panjab, India". Exterior view of a small, traditional looking, parish church with ivy climbing the walls. Gujrat lies ten miles north of Wazirabad across the Chinab River and was the scene of the last struggle between the British and the Sikhs. Muhammad Ismail (-1873), who had accompanied Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) to Sialkot in 1857, started preaching there in 1860 and would end up running the school and taking charge of the church in Gujrat. He was buried in the city, next to Dr. Elmslie, after his death in 1873. Robert Paterson commenced work there in 1865 and his children and grandchildren would return to Gujrat to work with the mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82358
title: Women working, Chogoria, Kenya, 1949

description: ‘Chogoria women carrying thatching grass.’ Group portrait of women on a path two of whom carry large bundles of dried grass. Dr Irvine believed that these women represented the raw material of the revival movement with their raised living standards and monogamist relationships. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82430
title: Hospital staff gathering for church, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1960

description: “Hospital Sunday, church parade.” Group portrait of nurses and hospital assistants standing in rows of two outside the out-patient building at the Chogoria hospital. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82431
title: Practical exam, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1960

description: “Practical exam 1st V.S.O. Pat Buchan.” Interior view showing nursing staff and trainees during a practical exam. Pat Buchan was the first Voluntary Service Overseas volunteer at the Chogoria mission hospital. The Chogoria Nurse Training School taught a three year course for the Kenyan nursing qualification. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79237
title: Native Nobleman, Rajasthan, India, ca.1901

description: Portrait of native nobleman in elaborate formal apparel. Two young boys in formal European dress are holding his train. There is no indication as to who this man is. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82474
title: Evangelist with loudhailer, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1953

description: “Evangelism.” Portrait an evangelist speaking through a loudhailer. Services were often held at the markets around the Chogoria district. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82433
title: Student nurses, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1960

description: Group portrait of student nurses in the grounds of the Chogoria hospital. In 1951 Dr Irvine applied to the Nurses and Midwives Council for recognition as a Grade Two training school. Most of the teaching was undertaken by sister Morson and the senior staff and by 1961 one hundred and nine students had passed the exam. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82352
title: Male ward, Chogoria, Kenya, 1928

description: “Chogoria, early days.” Interior view of the male ward with patients in beds and orderlies performing dressing duties. The hospital assistants wore khaki uniforms and pork pie hats and performed most of the duties in the wards, dispensaries and theatre. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82349
title: Leper camp, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1928

description: “Leper camp, Chogoria, early days.” Exterior view of the leper ward with patients sitting on beds arranged outside the building. The leper ward was built on a spur of land called Gatheru, above the Kamara valley, and had four rooms sleeping two patients each. The ward was funded by the Mission to Lepers with an annual grant of £240. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82360
title: Revival convention, Kabete, Central province, Kenya, September 1949

description: ‘The Kabete convention.’ Crowd scene showing the people at a meeting and ministers on a platform. ‘This image is from the second great convention of the revival which was held in Kabete, six miles from Nairobi, and attended by thirty three representatives from Chogoria. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78856
title: Indigenous families, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: Group portrait of a number of men women and children from the Punjab, they are sitting on blankets on the ground in front of a timber frame house, possibly a mission building. The Punjab Mission was inaugurated in 1857 under Thomas Hunter (1827-1857), who was murdered during the Sepoy Rebellion of the same year, and is the largest of the Church of Scotland’s Missions in India. There are nine principal stations; Sialkot and District, Gujrat, Wazirabad, Daska, Youngsonabad, Jalalpur, Shadiwal, Jammu and Chamba, the latter two in what were independent princely states.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82435
title: Nurses holding biblical illustrations, Chogoria, Kenya, March 1949

description: Group portrait of nursing staff from the Chogoria mission hospital holding up framed prints illustrating the life of Christ. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79179
title: Corner of Derdhani Lake, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “A corner of the Derdhani lake, Sambhar.” View of corner of lake with builds and walls build around. Three people are sitting on the wall. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82456
title: Group portrait, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1953

description: Group portrait of indigenous men sitting on the ground with a large thatched building behind. The building is probably an out-school of the Chogoria mission and the men students at the school. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82312
title: Brick works, Chogoria, Kenya, 1928

description: “The church Chogoria, making the bricks.” Exterior view showing Dr Irvine and brickmakers at a table with clay and brick moulds. The carpenter, Ayubu, discovered clay near Chogoria and a brick plant was set up using hydroelectric power. The new church was constructed from brick and replaced the old wattle and mud building that had deteriorated due to white ants and weather. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5879415
title: Synodontis membranacea decontaminated FSCR

description: .
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82353
title: First church, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1928

description: “1st church.” Exterior view of the mud and wattle church with whitewashed walls. The church was built as a cruciform structure with lattice windows and a distinctive roofed ventilation shaft, it was dedicated in June 1923. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.