DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tdz08kq5w
title: Simulation details for: Radar signatures and surface observations of elevated convection associated with damaging surface winds

description: Identifying radar signatures indicative of damaging surface winds produced
 by convection remains a challenge for operational meteorologists,
 especially within environments characterized by strong low-level static
 stability and convection for which inflow is presumably entirely above the
 planetary boundary layer. Numerical model simulations suggest the most
 prevalent method through which elevated convection generates damaging
 surface winds is via “up-down” trajectories, where a near-surface stable
 layer is dynamically lifted and then dropped with little to no connection
 to momentum associated with the elevated convection itself. Recently, a
 number of unique convective episodes during which damaging surface winds
 were produced by apparently elevated convection coincident with mesoscale
 gravity waves were identified and cataloged for study. A novel radar
 signature indicative of damaging surface winds produced by elevated
 convection is introduced through six representative cases. One case is
 then explored further via a high-resolution model simulation and related
 to the conceptual model of “up-down” trajectories. Understanding the
 processes responsible for, and radar signature indicative of, damaging
 surface winds produced by gravity-wave coincident convection will help
 operational forecasters identify and ultimately warn for a previously
 underappreciated phenomenon that poses a threat to lives and property.
description: This dataset includes the information required to reproduce the
 model simulation presented in the manuscript. This includes the namelist
 and initial and lateral boundary conditions for the WRF model
 simulation.
description: # Simulation details for "Radar Signatures and Surface Observations
 of Elevated Convection Associated with Damaging Surface Winds"
 Included here are the files required to configure and reproduce the
 numerical simulation presented in this manuscript. (Full model output is
 not included owing to its large size.) The manuscript includes analysis of
 a simulation from the Weather Research and Forecasting model, version 4.3.
 The WRF model is available from the National Center for Atmospheric
 Research at: [https://www.mmm.ucar.edu/models/wrf
 ](https://www.mmm.ucar.edu/models/wrf) ## Description of the data and file
 structure For the WRF model, the following files are included that would
 be needed to initialize and run the model. This includes: * namelist.input
 configuration file * wrfinput_d01, wrfinput_d02, and wrfbdy_d01 files that
 contain the initial and lateral boundary conditions for the model in the
 standard WRF netCDF format. Also included are the time series output
 (plain text) for the locations shown in the manuscript, with suffix
 ".TS". The format of these files is described at
 .
 Time series at six locations within South Dakota (abbreviated sd1-sd6) and
 the Rapid City airport (abbreviated rap) are included. The specific
 latitude/longitude location of each of these time series is given in the
 first line of each file. The "tslist" configuration file that
 describes the latitude/longitude of each location (also described at the
 WRF model link above) is also included.