cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4tdrh9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 919989 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is EOD – eBird Observation Dataset",
 "PublishingCountry is Bulgaria"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 919989 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026295-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.emycke
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((30.0251 -31.3959,30.5701 -30.7329,30.5701 -28.5786,25.5395 -28.5786,25.5395 -32.9007,28.2048 -32.9007,28.5753 -32.6569,29.4902 -31.7517,30.0251 -31.3959))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026302-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uu5hqy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 393442 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-75.53863 5.06686,-75.43413 5.06686,-75.43413 5.11927,-75.53863 5.11927,-75.53863 5.06686))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Chordata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 393442 records from 29 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026276-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hhpzyr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((30.5701 -24.0715,25.5395 -24.0715,25.5395 -28.5786,30.5701 -28.5786,30.5701 -24.0715))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026303-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.q9p9mr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((27.1332 -20.158,25.5395 -23.2724,25.5395 -24.0715,30.5701 -24.0715,30.5701 -20.3186,29.6496 -19.6123,28.947 -19.4003,28.1821 -19.4609,27.6072 -19.7214,27.1332 -20.158))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026304-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mk6s4m
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((25.0214 -34.0501,25.5395 -34.1098,25.5395 -32.9007,20.509 -32.9007,20.509 -34.5676,20.524 -34.555,20.8859 -34.5419,20.9606 -34.4398,21.2995 -34.5131,21.5296 -34.4338,21.8696 -34.4439,22.0323 -34.2835,22.221 -34.2428,22.2566 -34.1304,22.5993 -34.0741,22.9652 -34.1674,23.4069 -34.1858,23.4955 -34.0792,23.6056 -34.0563,24.8471 -34.2877,24.9447 -34.2397,25.0214 -34.0501))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026305-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/12084373
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fuaatt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((32.064 -28.9416,32.4847 -28.5786,30.5701 -28.5786,30.5701 -30.7329,30.6252 -30.6659,31.4179 -29.4257,31.8178 -29.0299,32.064 -28.9416))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026307-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6sfceh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((35.5808 -24.13,35.5909 -24.0715,30.5701 -24.0715,30.5701 -28.5786,32.4847 -28.5786,32.55 -28.5222,33.0346 -26.8668,32.9741 -26.7838,33.0415 -26.059,32.9304 -26.0011,32.7994 -26.1281,32.6834 -26.0015,32.813 -25.8728,32.8513 -25.7166,33.3048 -25.3731,35.1489 -24.6699,35.5808 -24.13))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026309-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vtrwaf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((31.8862 -21.3285,30.5701 -20.3186,30.5701 -24.0715,35.5909 -24.0715,35.6007 -24.0157,35.6007 -23.8125,35.4969 -23.7035,35.6007 -23.165,35.6007 -22.9702,35.227 -22.2482,34.6862 -21.6944,34.013 -21.3095,33.5 -21.1593,32.9675 -21.1092,32.4352 -21.1612,31.8862 -21.3285))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026310-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fmbpcn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((27.1586 -33.5889,28.2048 -32.9007,25.5395 -32.9007,25.5395 -34.1098,25.6468 -34.1222,25.7787 -34.0734,25.7098 -33.9109,25.8639 -33.797,26.4806 -33.8473,27.1586 -33.5889))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026311-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ybtfxu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((18.2339 -32.5266,18.1411 -32.657,18.1007 -32.7021,18.0224 -32.6366,17.8923 -32.6419,17.754 -32.8255,17.7723 -32.9007,20.509 -32.9007,20.509 -28.5786,16.2782 -28.5786,16.4358 -28.7202,16.726 -29.1235,17.1957 -30.3752,17.6655 -31.1743,18.1322 -31.7679,18.2495 -32.2638,18.2339 -32.5266))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026314-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bav5mk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((15.6372 -28.0032,16.2782 -28.5786,20.509 -28.5786,20.509 -24.0715,15.4933 -24.0715,15.4945 -24.1257,16.0509 -25.6631,15.6372 -28.0032))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026315-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.crf9s5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((15.4784 -23.4046,15.4933 -24.0715,20.509 -24.0715,20.509 -24.0455,20.0952 -23.5072,19.9968 -23.017,19.7843 -22.5405,19.1988 -21.8785,18.5972 -21.5447,17.8859 -21.3993,17.1626 -21.4805,16.5332 -21.7596,16.1257 -22.0882,15.8234 -22.4662,15.606 -22.8993,15.4784 -23.4046))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026316-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.742h43
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4002 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Heliconia latispatha"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4002 records from 148 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050200-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x8p3js
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 504 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is FSFN: Forest Soil Fauna Network: Isopoda, Flanders Belgium"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 504 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050202-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.arntz5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 77 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Rubus phaeocarpus",
 "Country is Australia",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 77 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050203-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mn6pk4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 31200 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-90.15621 38.49156,-94.22261 26.78127,-79.14239 24.30984,-75.65722 30.99273,-74.55334 38.56651,-90.15621 38.49156))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Callicarpa americana"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 31200 records from 79 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050201-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17632/mwyntjmt5x
title: Financial Development and Inflation Targeting: How Market Structure Shapes Monetary Policy Effectiveness

description: This archive contains the cleaned replication dataset (replication_data.dta) and all Stata do-files required to reproduce the results reported in the paper, including descriptive statistics, main system-GMM regressions, and robustness checks. A master.do file orchestrates the workflow and ensures one-click replication. Documentation is provided in README_replication.txt, and a full variable dictionary is included in Variable_Dictionary.pdf.

The package is tailored to the final estimation dataset and is organized for ease of replication by referees and future researchers.
DOI: 10.17632/mwyntjmt5x.1
title: Financial Development and Inflation Targeting: How Market Structure Shapes Monetary Policy Effectiveness

description: This archive contains the cleaned replication dataset (replication_data.dta) and all Stata do-files required to reproduce the results reported in the paper, including descriptive statistics, main system-GMM regressions, and robustness checks. A master.do file orchestrates the workflow and ensures one-click replication. Documentation is provided in README_replication.txt, and a full variable dictionary is included in Variable_Dictionary.pdf.

The package is tailored to the final estimation dataset and is organized for ease of replication by referees and future researchers.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nqyxdt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 68 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Trachemys grayi emolli"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 68 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050204-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17632/yvgy56yxpr
title: COMBINED METABOLOMIC AND METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALS IBD DIVERSITY IN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS

description: Comparative analysis revealed significant age-related differences in the abundance of Bacteroidota, with pediatric IBD patients showing a lower prevalence compared to adults. Microbial profiling identified Streptococcus salivarius and Escherichia coli as potential biomarkers for assessing IBD risk in children. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis uncovered five microbial signatures with diagnostic potential for Crohn’s disease (CD): Ralstonia insidiosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp., and Coprococcus comes. Using comprehensive metabolomic profiling, we developed and validated novel risk prediction algorithms for pediatric IBD. The CD risk stratification model identifies high-risk patients based on two key biomarkers: an elevated IBD risk coefficient score and reduced levels of 1H-Indole-3-methyl-. The ulcerative colitis (UC) risk prediction model incorporates three metabolic biomarkers indicative of increased disease risk: an elevated risk coefficient score, increased acetate levels, decreased pentanoic acid, and altered excretion of p-cresol (4-methylphenol).

State funding for the «IBD-ONCO 25-27» project
Registration number of R&D 125030703327-1
DOI: 10.17632/yvgy56yxpr.1
title: COMBINED METABOLOMIC AND METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALS IBD DIVERSITY IN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS

description: Comparative analysis revealed significant age-related differences in the abundance of Bacteroidota, with pediatric IBD patients showing a lower prevalence compared to adults. Microbial profiling identified Streptococcus salivarius and Escherichia coli as potential biomarkers for assessing IBD risk in children. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis uncovered five microbial signatures with diagnostic potential for Crohn’s disease (CD): Ralstonia insidiosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp., and Coprococcus comes. Using comprehensive metabolomic profiling, we developed and validated novel risk prediction algorithms for pediatric IBD. The CD risk stratification model identifies high-risk patients based on two key biomarkers: an elevated IBD risk coefficient score and reduced levels of 1H-Indole-3-methyl-. The ulcerative colitis (UC) risk prediction model incorporates three metabolic biomarkers indicative of increased disease risk: an elevated risk coefficient score, increased acetate levels, decreased pentanoic acid, and altered excretion of p-cresol (4-methylphenol).

State funding for the «IBD-ONCO 25-27» project
Registration number of R&D 125030703327-1
DOI: 10.25612/837.a5zogn7ymj5a
title: American Community Survey (ACS) - Five-Year Estimates - Frequently Used Variables - Greater Houston Community Panel (GHCP) Neighborhood Areas

description: Selection of variables extracted or derived from the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates at the Greater Houston Community Panel (GHCP) Neighborhood Area level.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30091111
title: quartet_as_events_psi_p4_combined_s264_so_e_g.psi.zip

description: <i>quartet_as_events_psi_p4_combined_s264_so_e_g.psi.zip</i> delivers event-level Percent-Spliced-In (PSI) matrices for <b>264</b><b> </b><b>short-read libraries</b> of the Quartet reference cell lines (D5, D6, F7, M8). PSI values were computed with SUPPA2 using isoform quantifications from four pipelines—<b>Kallisto, RSEM, Salmon, and StringTie2</b>—providing a comprehensive resource for alternative-splicing benchmarking across protocols and pipelines.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30091111.v1
title: quartet_as_events_psi_p4_combined_s264_so_e_g.psi.zip

description: <i>quartet_as_events_psi_p4_combined_s264_so_e_g.psi.zip</i> delivers event-level Percent-Spliced-In (PSI) matrices for <b>264</b><b> </b><b>short-read libraries</b> of the Quartet reference cell lines (D5, D6, F7, M8). PSI values were computed with SUPPA2 using isoform quantifications from four pipelines—<b>Kallisto, RSEM, Salmon, and StringTie2</b>—providing a comprehensive resource for alternative-splicing benchmarking across protocols and pipelines.
DOI: 10.17632/hcv2jydnzy.1
title: Inter-Municipal Mobility in Valencia Province (Spain), 2022-2024: Baseline and DANA 2024 Disruption Data

description: This dataset contains daily origin–destination (OD) mobility data for municipalities in the province of Valencia (Spain) covering the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. The data were obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda (MITMA) and processed to ensure temporal comparability across years.
 • Baseline datasets were constructed from complete Saturday–Friday weeks without holidays:
 • datos_2022: 22–28 October 2022
 • datos_2023: 14–20 October 2023
 • datos_2024: 26 October – 1 November 2024 (week of the DANA extreme weather event)
 • Extended datasets were created to support ARIMA forecasting and recovery analysis:
 • od_2022_completo: 1 October – 5 November 2022
 • od_2023_completo: 1 – 25 October 2023 (incomplete due to MITMA availability)
 • od_2024_completo: 1 October – 1 November 2024
 • distance_30_5: 1 – 5 November 2024 (post-DANA extension)
 • od_2024_union: merged dataset combining od_2024_completo and distance_30_5

All files are provided in .rds format to ensure compatibility with R-based analysis. A separate README file details the structure of each dataset, including variables, units of measurement, and temporal coverage.

This dataset was prepared in the context of a study on mobility disruptions and economic recovery after the 2024 DANA flooding event in Valencia, and it can be used for predictive modelling, economic impact assessments, and comparative analyses of mobility resilience.
DOI: 10.17632/mxgp8xp3ts.1
title: Biokompozyty na osnowie biopoliamidu o obniżonej absorpcji wody i zwiększonej wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej_Grafit

description: This study examines graphite morphology's impact on water absorption and fatigue properties of biopolyamide-based composites. Graphite is incorporated in flake and expanded forms. Flake graphite consists of thin, flat flakes with layered crystalline structure, high purity, and thermal/electrical conductivity. Expanded graphite, produced by intercalating flake graphite with acid and heating, has a worm-like, porous structure with low density and high surface area. The methodology includes density measurement, water absorption testing, and mechanical assessments. Fatigue behavior is assessed using the Lehr method, with mechanical hysteresis loops analyzed. Graphite enhances mechanical performance of biopolyamides. The modulus of elasticity increases by 40% for material modified with flake graphite, while expanded graphite presents a 10% increase. However, tensile strength decreases by a few percent with flake graphite and 30% with expanded graphite. Water absorption is reduced by up to 20% due to graphite's lamellar structure. Graphite composites show increased fatigue and dynamic creep resistance, with fatigue strength increasing 30% relative to matrix material. Expanded graphite influences friction behavior under low-load conditions. Graphite-filled composites maintain mechanical properties upon thermal aging, while neat BioPA degrades significantly. After accelerated thermal aging, unmodified material presents a 30% and 70% decrease in elastic modulus and tensile strength, while flake graphite composites shows a 20% and 15% decrease, respectively. The findings demonstrate graphite morphology's role in improving tribological properties, moisture uptake and fatigue resistance.
DOI: 10.17632/g4w8p44n99.1
title: Biokompozyty na osnowie biopoliamidu o obniżonej absorpcji wody i zwiększonej wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej_Mikrokrzemionka

description: In this study, composites were developed using a biopolyamide matrix modified with microsilica at varying concentrations (0.5–2% by weight). These composites underwent water absorption analysis, and diffusion velocity was assessed. Based on the findings, hybrid composites incorporating aramid, basalt, and carbon fibers, further modified with 2% microsilica by weight, were fabricated. Investigations into fundamental mechanical properties, microstructure analysis, and accelerated fatigue tests were conducted. The results demonstrate that microsilica positively influences the enhancement of fatigue strength and mechanical properties of the composites. Specifically, microsilica is found to increase the approximate fatigue strength by 15% for the base material modified with 2 wt.% microsilica, by approximately 5% for composites with aramid fiber, and by be-tween 10 and –15% for composites with basalt and carbon fiber. Furthermore, the in-corporation of microsilica reduces water absorption in polymer composites, potentially enhancing their durability in humid environments and increasing resistance to degradation.