DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h18931zv6
title: Biogenic secondary organic aerosol participates in plant interactions and herbivory defense

description: Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can be formed from the
 oxidation of plant volatiles in the atmosphere. Herbivore-induced plant
 volatiles (HIPVs) can elicit plant defenses, but whether such ecological
 functions persist after they form SOAs was previously unknown. Here we
 show that Scots pine seedlings damaged by large pine weevils feeding on
 their roots release HIPVs that trigger defenses in neighboring conspecific
 plants. Interestingly, the biological activity persisted after HIPVs had
 been oxidized to form SOAs, which was indicated by receivers displaying
 enhanced photosynthesis, primed volatile defenses, and reduced weevil
 damage. The elemental composition and quantity of SOAs likely determines
 their biological functions. This work demonstrates that plant-derived SOAs
 can mediate interactions between plants, highlighting its ecological
 significance in ecosystems.
description: # Biogenic secondary organic aerosol participates in plant interactions
 and herbivory defense
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zv6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zv6) We have submitted the raw data generating all figures and tables in the main text and Supplementary Materials. There are two files: AllRawDataexceptfigureS5.xlsx and RawDatafigureS5.xlsx. The file “AllRawDataexceptfigureS5.xlsx” contains the raw data used to generate Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.S3, Fig.S4, Table S1, Table S2, Table S3, Table S4 and Table S5. Additionally, it includes the SPSS code used for all the statistical analysis. The file “RawDatafigureS5.xlsx.” contains the raw data used to generate Fig. S5. ## Description of the data and file structure #### **AllRawDataexceptfigureS5** * *Run*: we ran the Part 1 of the experiment four times (Run 1 to 4). * *Weevil-infested plants*: Scots pine seedlings infested with large pine weevils belowground. * *Non-infested plants*: Scots pine seedlings not infested with large pine weevils belowground. * *VOC*: volatile organic compound. * *SOA*: secondary organic aerosol. * *VOC emission rate*: the emission rate of VOC from plants, which is adjusted based on the dry mass of the plants and the duration of sampling (ng g-1 (DM) h-1). * *VOC concentration*: the concentration of VOCs before oxidation (ng L-1). * *SOA mass concentration:* the concentration of SOAs formed from VOCs (μg m-3) * *DM*: dry mass of the plants (g). * *MT-no*: non-oxygenated monoterpene. * *MT-ox*: oxygenated monoterpene. * *GLVs*: green leaf volatiles. * *SQTs*: Sesquiterpenes. * *Fix*: fixed factor in Linear Mixed Models. * *Random*: random factor in Linear Mixed Models. * *HIPVs*: herbivore-induced plant volatiles. * *CVOCs*: VOC emissions from non-infested plants. * *AV*: average. * *SE*: standard error of the mean. * *P*: P value from statistical analysis. * *F*: F value from statistical analysis. * *Df*: Degrees of freedom from statistical analysis. * *L*: Linear Mixed Models. * *U*: Mann-Whitney test. * *W*: Kruskal-Wallis Test. * *Before infestation*: before Scots pine seedlings were infested with large pine weevils. * *20h after infestation*: 20 hours after Scots pine seedlings were infested with large pine weevils. * *Normalized emission increase*: it is determined by normalizing the difference between the VOC emissions measured after 20h of infestation and just prior to infestation with the total damage area (after 20h of infestation) (ng g-1 (DM) h-1 cm-2 (DA)). * *DA*: damaged stem area (cm2). * *Damaged stem area*: the debarked area caused by large pine weevils (cm2). * *HIPV-SOAs*: SOAs formed from oxidation of HIPVs. * *Concentrated CVOC-SOAs*: SOAs formed from an artificial compound mixture with the same composition as CVOCs, but similar gas phase concentration as HIPVs. * *CVOC-SOAs*: 30 times diluent of the concentrated CVOC-SOAs. * *Water*: ultrapure water used to extract empty filters as method blanks. * *Emitter Plants*: plants releasing VOCs to the surrounding environment. * *Receiver Plants*: neighboring plants that detect and respond to the VOCs released by emitter plants. * ─: not applicable; applies to sheet Figure 2a, Figure 2b, Figure 2c and d, Figure 2e, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Table S3. * *Empty cells*: not available; Infilling these cells will interfere with a software meant to analyze the files; Applies to sheet Figure S3 and Figure S4. **RawDatafigureS5.xlsx.** * *SMPS_size_HIPV*: Size distribution of HIPV measured by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). - *SMPS_size_CVOC*: Size distribution of CVOC measured by a SMPS. * *ratio_OC*: the ratio of oxygen to carbon. - *ratio_HC*: the ratio of hydrogen to carbon. * *OSc*: oxidation state of carbon. - *Empty cells*: not available; Infilling these cells will interfere with a software meant to analyze the files; Applies to all the three sheets. ## Sharing/Access information Data is available for download on this site. ## Code/Software The SPSS code used for statistical analysis is in the corresponding sheet of the file AllRawDataexceptfigureS5.xlsx.