cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e118564
title: Replication Code and Data for: Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations

description: Abstract:<br>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency uses a dynamic approach to enforcing air pollution regulations, with repeat offenders subject to high fines and designation as high priority violators (HPV). We estimate the value of dynamic enforcement by developing and estimating a dynamic model of a plant and regulator, where plants decide when to invest in pollution abatement technologies. We use a fixed grid approach to estimate random coefficient specifications. Investment, fines, and HPV designation are costly to most plants. Eliminating dynamic enforcement would raise pollution damages by 164% with constant fines or raise fines by 519% with constant pollution damages. <br>
DOI: 10.3886/e118564v1
title: Replication Code and Data for: Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations

description: Abstract:<br>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency uses a dynamic approach to enforcing air pollution regulations, with repeat offenders subject to high fines and designation as high priority violators (HPV). We estimate the value of dynamic enforcement by developing and estimating a dynamic model of a plant and regulator, where plants decide when to invest in pollution abatement technologies. We use a fixed grid approach to estimate random coefficient specifications. Investment, fines, and HPV designation are costly to most plants. Eliminating dynamic enforcement would raise pollution damages by 164% with constant fines or raise fines by 519% with constant pollution damages. <br>
DOI: 10.3886/e117405
title: Data and code for: Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How

description: This repository contains code and data associated with our paper title "Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How." The abstract of the paper is: The Bartik instrument is formed by interacting local industry shares and national industry growth rates. We show that the typical use of a Bartik instrument assumes a pooled exposure research design, where the shares measure differential exposure to common shocks, and identification is based on exogeneity of the shares. Next, we show how the Bartik instrument weights each of the exposure designs. Finally, we discuss how to assess the plausibility of the research design. We illustrate our results through two applications: estimating the elasticity of labor supply, and estimating the elasticity of substitution between immigrants and natives.
DOI: 10.3886/e117405v1
title: Data and code for: Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How

description: This repository contains code and data associated with our paper title "Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How." The abstract of the paper is: The Bartik instrument is formed by interacting local industry shares and national industry growth rates. We show that the typical use of a Bartik instrument assumes a pooled exposure research design, where the shares measure differential exposure to common shocks, and identification is based on exogeneity of the shares. Next, we show how the Bartik instrument weights each of the exposure designs. Finally, we discuss how to assess the plausibility of the research design. We illustrate our results through two applications: estimating the elasticity of labor supply, and estimating the elasticity of substitution between immigrants and natives.
DOI: 10.3886/e111542
title: Replication package for: The Perils of High-Powered Incentives: Evidence from Colombia's False Positives

description: We investigate the use of high-powered incentives for Colombian army members, and show that it produced several perverse side effects. Innocent civilians were killed and misrepresented as guerillas (a phenomenon known in Colombia as ‘false positives’). There were significantly more false positives during the period of high- powered incentives in municipalities with weaker judicial institutions and where a higher share of brigades were commanded by colonels (who have stronger career concerns than generals). In municipalities with a higher share of colonels, the high-powered incentives period also coincided with a worsening of local judicial institutions and no discernible improvement in overall security.
description: Panel of Colombian Municipalities.
DOI: 10.3886/e111542v1
title: Replication package for: The Perils of High-Powered Incentives: Evidence from Colombia's False Positives

description: We investigate the use of high-powered incentives for Colombian army members, and show that it produced several perverse side effects. Innocent civilians were killed and misrepresented as guerillas (a phenomenon known in Colombia as ‘false positives’). There were significantly more false positives during the period of high- powered incentives in municipalities with weaker judicial institutions and where a higher share of brigades were commanded by colonels (who have stronger career concerns than generals). In municipalities with a higher share of colonels, the high-powered incentives period also coincided with a worsening of local judicial institutions and no discernible improvement in overall security.
description: Panel of Colombian Municipalities.
DOI: 10.3886/e117973
title: Data and code for: Subsidy Policies and Insurance Demand

description: Using data from a two-year pricing experiment, we study the impact of subsidy policies on weather insurance take-up. Results show that subsidies increase future insurance take-up through their influence on payout experiences. Exploring mechanisms of the payout effect, we find that for households that randomly benefited from financial education, receiving a payout provides a one-time learning experience that improves take-up permanently. In contrast, households with poor insurance knowledge continuously update take-up decisions based on recent experiences with disasters and payouts. Combining subsidy policies with financial education can thus be effective in promoting long-run insurance adoption.
DOI: 10.3886/e117973v1
title: Data and code for: Subsidy Policies and Insurance Demand

description: Using data from a two-year pricing experiment, we study the impact of subsidy policies on weather insurance take-up. Results show that subsidies increase future insurance take-up through their influence on payout experiences. Exploring mechanisms of the payout effect, we find that for households that randomly benefited from financial education, receiving a payout provides a one-time learning experience that improves take-up permanently. In contrast, households with poor insurance knowledge continuously update take-up decisions based on recent experiences with disasters and payouts. Combining subsidy policies with financial education can thus be effective in promoting long-run insurance adoption.
DOI: 10.3886/e112082
title: Replication Data for: Youth Enfranchisement, Political Responsiveness, and Education Expenditure: Evidence from the U.S.

description: We examine the link between the political participation of the young and fiscal policies in the U.S. We generate exogenous variation in participation using the passage of preregistration laws, which allow the young to register before being eligible to vote. After documenting that preregistration promotes youth enfranchisement, we show that preregistration shifts state government spending toward higher education, the type of spending for which the young have the strongest preference. A 1% increase in youth voter turnout generates a 0.77% increase in higher education spending. The results collectively suggest political responsiveness to the needs of the newly enfranchised constituency.
DOI: 10.3886/e112082v1
title: Replication Data for: Youth Enfranchisement, Political Responsiveness, and Education Expenditure: Evidence from the U.S.

description: We examine the link between the political participation of the young and fiscal policies in the U.S. We generate exogenous variation in participation using the passage of preregistration laws, which allow the young to register before being eligible to vote. After documenting that preregistration promotes youth enfranchisement, we show that preregistration shifts state government spending toward higher education, the type of spending for which the young have the strongest preference. A 1% increase in youth voter turnout generates a 0.77% increase in higher education spending. The results collectively suggest political responsiveness to the needs of the newly enfranchised constituency.
DOI: 10.3886/e115581
title: Replication Code for Peer Effects in Residential Water Conservation: Evidence from Migration

description: Replication code for AEJ: Economic Policy paper titled "Peer Effects in Residential Water Conservation: Evidence from Migration."
description: Data are confidential, but are accessible for interns or employees at Phoenix Water Services. Acxiom data can be purchased at Acxiom.com. Maricopa County Assessor's office data were accessed at Pheonix Water Services, but can be purchased directly from the County.
description: Smallest Geographic Unit: Phoenix, Arizona
DOI: 10.3886/e115581v1
title: Replication Code for Peer Effects in Residential Water Conservation: Evidence from Migration

description: Replication code for AEJ: Economic Policy paper titled "Peer Effects in Residential Water Conservation: Evidence from Migration."
description: Data are confidential, but are accessible for interns or employees at Phoenix Water Services. Acxiom data can be purchased at Acxiom.com. Maricopa County Assessor's office data were accessed at Pheonix Water Services, but can be purchased directly from the County.
description: Smallest Geographic Unit: Phoenix, Arizona
DOI: 10.3886/e115322
title: Data and Code for: Long-Term Care Insurance: Information Frictions and Selection

description: This paper conducts a stated-choice experiment where respondents are asked to rate various insurance products aimed to protect against financial risks associated with long-term care needs. Using exogenous variation in prices from the survey design and individual cost estimates, these stated-choice probabilities are used to predict market equilibrium for long-term care insurance. Our results are twofold. First, information frictions are pervasive. Second, measuring the welfare losses associated with frictions in a framework that also allows for selection, it is found that information frictions reduce equilibrium take-up and lead to large welfare losses while selection plays little role.
DOI: 10.3886/e115322v1
title: Data and Code for: Long-Term Care Insurance: Information Frictions and Selection

description: This paper conducts a stated-choice experiment where respondents are asked to rate various insurance products aimed to protect against financial risks associated with long-term care needs. Using exogenous variation in prices from the survey design and individual cost estimates, these stated-choice probabilities are used to predict market equilibrium for long-term care insurance. Our results are twofold. First, information frictions are pervasive. Second, measuring the welfare losses associated with frictions in a framework that also allows for selection, it is found that information frictions reduce equilibrium take-up and lead to large welfare losses while selection plays little role.
DOI: 10.3886/e111981
title: Adopt or Innovate: Understanding technological responses to cap-and-trade

description: One important motivation for creating cap-and-trade programs for carbon emissions is the expectation that they will stimulate much-needed low-carbon innovation. I construct a new panel of British firms to investigate this hypothesis, finding that the European carbon market has encouraged greater low-carbon patenting and R&D spending among regulated firms, without necessarily driving short-term reductions in carbon intensity of output. This stands in contrast to past cap-and-trade programs, which have primarily spurred adoption of existing pollution control technologies, with little effect on innovation. I discuss how to reconcile these contrasting findings and implications for the future of carbon markets.<br><br>
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1490
title: การปรับปรุงอัลกอริทึมการสร้างกรณีทดสอบแบบเอ็นเวย์

description: การทดสอบแบบแพร์ไวส์เป็นการทดสอบซอฟต์แวร์ ที่ใช้ทดสอบทุกคู่ของค่าที่เป็นไปได้ของแต่ละพารามิเตอร์ ในขณะที่การทดสอบแบบเอ็นเวย์นั้น จะสร้างกรณีทดสอบที่ใช้ทดสอบเฉพาะกรณีที่จำเป็นเท่านั้น ในงานวิจัยนำเสนอการปรับปรุงอัลกอริทึมไอพีโอ เพื่อให้สามารถนำมาใช้ทดสอบซอฟต์แวร์แบบเอ็นเวย์ได้ ประเด็นที่จะปรับปรุงอัลกอริทึม มุ่งเน้นไปที่จำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างออกมา โดยการทดสอบในงานวิจัยนี้ จะเปรียบเทียบจำนวนกรณีทดสอบกรณีที่พารามิเตอร์ของระบบมีความสัมพันธ์เป็นแบบแพร์ไวส์ ระหว่างจำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างขึ้นจากอัลกอริทึมที่นำเสนอ กับจำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างขึ้นจากวิธีการวิเคราะห์ค่าขอบเขต วิธีการทดสอบสภาพทนทาน วิธีการทดสอบกรณีเลวร้ายที่สุด และอัลกอริทึมไอพีโอ ส่วนในกรณีที่พารามิเตอร์ของระบบมีความสัมพันธ์กันแบบเอ็นเวย์ จะเปรียบเทียบจำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างขึ้นจากอัลกอริทึมไอพีโอที่นำเสนอ กับจำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างขึ้นด้วยวิธีเออีทีจี ซึ่งผลการทดสอบ โดยเฉลี่ยแล้วจำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างขึ้นจากอัลกอริทึมที่นำเสนอ มีจำนวนน้อยกว่าหรือเท่ากับจำนวนกรณีทดสอบที่สร้างจากวิธีเออีทีจีด้วยความเชื่อมั่น 99%
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1491
title: Bioactive compounds from fungus Bipolaris oryzae

description: In the course of preliminary screening test for bioactive compounds from 11 plant pathogenic fungi, bipolaris oryzae was selected for further investigation. The chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate crude extracts results in the isolation of one new and six known compounds. They can be divided into two groups, four ophiobolins; 3-anhydroophiobolin A (1), ophiobolin I (2), ophiobolin A (3) and 6-epi-ophiobolin A (4), and three cochlioquinones; isocochlioquinone A (5), isocochlioquinone C (6) and anhydrocochlioquinone A (7). Compound 7 has to been previously reported in the literature. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, as well as comparison with previously reported. In addition, the cytotoxic activity against cell line and acetylcholinesterase inhibition were investigated. Compound 2 showed highest cytotoxic activity against Hela and KB cell lines at IC[subscript 50] &lt;0.1 and 0.89 microg./mL, respectively. For the acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay, compound 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 showed the potential inhibition at concentration of 1 mg/mL.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1492
title: Software fault prediction fuzzy logic and neural network techniques

description: In the world of software development, organizations must optimize the use of their limited resources to deliver quality products on time and within budget. This requires efficient and effective discovery, removal, and prevention of faults introduced during the development process or residual faults from maintenance stage. To reveal software fault, testing is generally employed by procedurally running the system with adequate test cases. Such an undertaking usually incurs high costs and considerable efforts. This dissertation proposes an approach for software fault prediction and fault location without actually running the software. The process of software fault prediction consists of four stages, namely, fault-prone prediction, fault type prediction, dynamic fault prediction, and fault locating. Fault predictive models are constructed based on software metrics with the help of fuzzy logic and neural network techniques for each stage. Once identified, all potential faults are pinpointed to locate their whereabouts. The results are further analyzed to obtain principal metrics that are conducive to fault prediction with the help of sensitivity analysis process. Hence, the proposed approach will furnish a basis for machine learning building blocks that could be realized in software quality assurance, whereby replacing time-consuming and error-prone inspection process to attain more reliable software products.
DOI: 10.3886/e116003
title: Replication data for: "Cities in Bad Shape: Urban Geometry in India"

description: The spatial layout of cities is an important feature of urban form, highlighted by urban planners but overlooked by economists. This paper investigates the causal economic implications of city shape in India. I measure cities’ geometric properties over time using satellite imagery and historical maps. I develop an instrument for urban shape based on geographic obstacles encountered by expanding cities. Compact city shape is associated with faster population growth and households display positive willingness to pay for more compact layouts. Transit accessibility is an important channel. Land use regulations can contribute to deteriorating city shape.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1493
title: Removal of basic dyes by biosorption

description: Green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera was found to have adsorption capacity for basic dyes, Astrazon Blue FGRL, Astrazon Red GTLN, and Astrazon Golden Yellow GL-E. The initial dye concentration was in the range from 100-1800 mg l[superscript -1] . The dried algal sorbent was ground and sieved into 3 sizes: S (0.1-0.84 mm), M (between 0.84-2.0 mm), and L sizes (larger than 2.0 mm). For all conditions examined in this work (at 25 degree Celsius in batch systems), the adsorption reached equilibrium within the first hour. The kinetic data corresponded well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model where the rate constant, k[subscript 2], decreased as the sorbent size increased for all dyes. The adsorption isotherms followed both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Among three sorbent sizes, S size gave the highest adsorption capacity followed by M and L sizes, respectively. A reduction of sorbent size increased the specific surface area for mass transfer, and also increased the total pore volume, thus providing more active sites for adsorption. The adsorption of AB was adversely influenced by the protonation of algal surface at low pH. On the other hand, the adsorption of AR and AY could be due to weak electrostatic interaction, which was not significantly affected by pH. Increasing salinity of the system caused a decrease in adsorption capacity possibly due to the competition between Na[superscript +] ions and the dye cations for the binding sites on algal surface. Moreover, an increase in salinity generated a compressed electrical double layer on the algal surface which exerted repulsive force, retarding the adsorption of positive charged molecules such as the basic dyes.
DOI: 10.3886/e116003v1
title: Replication data for: "Cities in Bad Shape: Urban Geometry in India"

description: The spatial layout of cities is an important feature of urban form, highlighted by urban planners but overlooked by economists. This paper investigates the causal economic implications of city shape in India. I measure cities’ geometric properties over time using satellite imagery and historical maps. I develop an instrument for urban shape based on geographic obstacles encountered by expanding cities. Compact city shape is associated with faster population growth and households display positive willingness to pay for more compact layouts. Transit accessibility is an important channel. Land use regulations can contribute to deteriorating city shape.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1494
title: Action by automorphisms on the dual of a group

description: It is an interesting problem to study the natural action by automorphisms on the unitary dual of a group G. In this thesis, we compute the kernel of the action and determine whether it is equal to Inn G or Aut G in a number of cases.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1495
title: Properties of styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer sheet containing modified natural rubber

description: The copolymer sheets of styrene (ST) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) containing modified natural rubber (NR) prepared by bulk copolymerization using benzoyl peroxide and 2,2'-azobis-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as initiators were studied. The modified NRs were prepared by graft copolymerization and hydrogenate reactions. The grafted NR prepared by emulsion copolymerization using redox initiator consisted of 66.1 wt% NR-g-(MMA-co-ST), 26.9 wt% free rubber and 7.0 wt% free copolymers. The hydrogenation of NR catalyzed by OsHCl(CO)(O[subscript 2])(PCy [subscript 3]) was carried out at 140 ํC and 400 psig, the degree of hydrogenation was 56.5. The effect of styrene and rubber monomer content on the mechanical properties, physical properties and morphology of modified acrylic sheet were investigated. The results show that mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of modified NR and ST content. The appropriate mechanical properties of modified acrylic sheet were obtained at 2 wt% of grafted NR and 1 wt% of hydrogenated NR. The optimum content of ST in modified acrylic sheet for improving the mechanical properties was 20% by weight. Moreover, the HNR modified acrylic sheet present the superior thermal resistance. The tensile fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscope showed the relatively smooth surface with few relatively small cracks. It implied that the modified NR can be used as an impact modifier for acrylic cast sheet.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1496
title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from capsicum frutescens (fruit) : laboratory scale to pilot scale

description: To presents the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract capsaicinoids from dried ground chili fruits, capsicum frutescens and compared the results with a hot maceration method, in the aspect of their conveniences and effectiveness. Capsaicinoids were extracted by the indirect sonication in ultrasonic bath at fixed frequency 35 kHz. The studied parameters were temperature, type of solvents (acetone and 50-95% v/v ethanol) and ratio of sovent: crude chili pepper. The capsacinoid concentration ws analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the optimized procedure for the operation employed 1 gram of ground dried chili fruit per 5 mL of 95% (v/v) ethanol at 45 ํC and 180 minutes of extraction time. The recovery of capsaicinoids ws 84.8%. This operating condition was applied for the ultrasonic extraction in pilot scale. At the fixed frequency of 26 kHz and 70 kHz, the recovery of capsaicinoids was 76.4 and 69.6%, respectively. Although the recovery of capsaicinoids was slightly lower than that of the industrial hot maceration process (81.8% recovery), the ultrasonic extraction was more convenient for the operation, gave a signification reduction in extraction time, could be carried out at lower temperature and the obtained product contained less impurities.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1497
title: Selective epoxidation of terminal alkenes catalyzed by cobalt complexes

description: The selective epoxidation of terminal alkenes catalyzed by cobalt(II) complexes in the presence of 2-ethylbutyraldehyde/oxygen as oxidant was examined under mild conditions. Cobalt calix[4]pyrrole or benzimidazole with no previous report as a catalyst for terminal alkene epoxidation have been disclosed to be effective catalysts. Under the developed conditions, 1-dodecene as a chemical model was transformed into 1-dodecene oxide as a sole product with high yield and excellent selectivity. Applications of this developed epoxidation epoxidation could be accomplished with various terminal alkenes and gave the desired products in moderate to high yield. Regioselectivity study performed using 4-vinylcyclohexene implied that terminal double bond was less reactive than endocyclic double bond.