cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hp0vd
title: Data from: Urban living alters moult dynamics in a passerine

description: Urbanization and habitat fragmentation can alter the timing of life
 history events, potentially leading to phenological mismatches, carryover
 effects, and fitness costs. Whereas urbanization and fragmentation are
 known to alter important aspects of breeding in many bird species, little
 is known about the effects of urbanization and habitat fragmentation on
 moult. To investigate the effects of urbanization and fragmentation on the
 annual moult, we compared the moult dynamics (onset, duration, and
 intensity) of urban, fragmented forest, and contiguous forest populations
 of the Carolina chickadee, a North American resident passerine that moults
 once per year immediately following the breeding season. Over three years,
 moult dynamics were similar in contiguous and fragmented forest
 populations, but wing moult started significantly earlier, and onset of
 moult varied less among years, in urban chickadees than in forest
 chickadees (fragmented and contiguous habitats pooled). Duration of wing
 moult did not differ between urban and forest populations, but urban birds
 moulted significantly fewer feathers simultaneously during peak moult,
 suggesting that individual feathers grew more rapidly. Our results show
 that urban living alters critical aspects of moult dynamics in a
 widespread songbird. Given the importance of moult dynamics for fitness
 during subsequent life history stages, and the large number of songbird
 species inhabiting urban areas, these results reveal previously
 unrecognized and potentially costly carryover effects of urban living on
 songbirds.
description: Moult scores of Carolina
 chickadees in forest and urban habitatsAdult Carolina
 chickadees were caught in the field in a contiguous forest, a fragmented
 forest, and an urban habitat in New Jersey in 2010, 2012, and 2013. We
 estimated the proportion of each growing feather that was newly replaced
 by comparing it to the lengths of neighboring, fully-grown feathers, and
 then assigning it a score between 0.05 and 0.95 in increments of 0.05
 (e.g., 0.35 = 35% of fully grown length; only birds with at least one
 growing feather scored ≥0.05 were included in moult estimates). Moult
 score ("% moult") of each individual was calculated as the
 percent of each feather tract (primary [wing], secondary [wing] feathers,
 and rectrix [tail]). For "Number of growing flight feathers", a
 "." indicates that the final feather of each tract (P9,S6, and
 R6) is growing, and it would not be possible for those individuals to
 moult a greater number of feathers simultaneously. For the "Most
 distal growing primary", a "." means that primary moult is
 complete. It is possible for a moult score to be "0" (ie. new
 feathers are scored &lt;0.05) but for feathers to still be scored as
 "growing" if the old feather had just fallen out.
 "Pair" indicates birds that were caught in the same location on
 the same day.Chickadee Moult
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6m00v
title: Data from: Partner diversity and identity impacts on plant productivity in Acacia-rhizobial interactions

description: 1.Genetic variation for functionally important traits is ubiquitous in
 communities of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, and while some studies have
 described significant effects of diversity on the functioning of
 plant-associated microbial communities, we lack a systematic test of how
 rhizobial diversity influences plant productivity. 2. The complexity of
 potential interactions among rhizobia and plants complicates the
 development of general predictions regarding causal relationships between
 rhizobial diversity and plant productivity. For example, while rhizobial
 complementarity may result in positive associations between symbiont
 diversity and plant productivity, antagonistic competition may reduce
 rhizobial community function. 3. Using two widespread native Australian
 Acacia species (A. salicina, A. stenophylla) and experimental rhizobial
 communities derived from 16 bacterial genotypes naturally associated with
 these hosts, we examined how the provision of mutualistic benefit varies
 with rhizobial identity, diversity and phylogenetic relatedness. 4.
 Analysis of plant performance in relation to rhizobial genotypic richness
 revealed that the presence of multiple rhizobial genotypes in the
 rhizosphere was associated with a general decrease in plant productivity
 compared to growth with single rhizobial genotypes. Importantly, these
 results appear to be robust in the face of variation in host identity and
 host diversity (i.e. one or two species mixtures). We also found that
 rhizobial genotypic identity and host species significantly influenced
 plant productivity in Acacia-rhizobia interactions, both in single and
 multi-strain inoculations. 5. Synthesis. Together, our data show that
 multiple rhizobia interacting with a single host species creates
 opportunities for emergent or higher-order effects that extend beyond
 those that could be simply predicted based upon outcomes of pairwise
 interactions, and that increased mutualist diversity does not necessarily
 translate into positive effects on plant growth.
description: data Barrett et al JEcol
 2014
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r5372
title: Data from: Prey nutritional state drives divergent behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk

description: 1.Prey species can respond to the risk of predation with a range of
 antipredator behaviours and physiological changes. While these responses
 increase chances of survival, they often involve feeding reductions and
 greater energy expenditure (e.g. increases in metabolic rate). As a
 consequence, a prey response is constrained by its own nutritional
 condition. While a number of studies indeed demonstrate that prey in
 better nutritional condition have stronger antipredator behaviours, we do
 not yet understand how condition impacts the physiological component of
 the prey's response. 2.Previous research revealed that Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata beetles experiencing predation risk improve their
 offspring's nutritional condition by promoting intraclutch egg
 cannibalism. Importantly, egg cannibalism decreased offspring
 vulnerability by increasing larval behavioural responses to chronic
 predation risk. In this study we test if egg cannibalism similarly impacts
 larval physiological responses by comparing how risk of predation in
 cannibals and non-cannibals affects their behaviour (e.g. feeding
 reductions), metabolic rate and energy stores. 3.We found that
 non-cannibals did not exhibit antipredator behaviours but responded
 physiologically, by increasing metabolic rates. In contrast, cannibals
 responded behaviourally, suppressing feeding, but without altering
 metabolism. While cannibals and non-cannibals coupled food intake and
 energy expenditure differently, both reached similar growth rates and had
 similar energy stores when facing chronic predation risk. 4.These results
 indicate that increases in predator avoidance behaviours are not merely
 mirrored by a stronger physiological response. Instead, changes in
 metabolism appear to ameliorate, within our experimental conditions, the
 costs associated with the behavioural response. Prey in poorer nutritional
 state are not less responsive to predators but appear to rely more heavily
 on physiological responses, demonstrating that how prey integrates
 behaviour and physiology depends on their own nutritional state.
description: feedingBehaviorMetabolicRateEnergyStores
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u36mnj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 257783 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Acanthaceae",
 "Continent is one of (Africa, South America)",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1900"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 257783 records from 949 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001039-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1756f
title: Data from: Ecological intensification and arbuscular mycorrhizas: a meta-analysis of tillage and cover crop effects

description: 1. Reliance on ecosystem services instead of synthetic, non-renewable
 inputs is increasingly seen as key to achieving food security in an
 environmentally sustainable way. This process, known as ecological
 intensification, will depend in large part on enhancing below-ground
 biological interactions that facilitate resource use efficiency.
 Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM), associations formed between the roots of most
 terrestrial plant species and a specialized group of soil fungi, provide
 valuable ecosystem services, but the full magnitude of these services may
 not be fully realized under conventional intensively-managed annual
 agricultural systems. 2. Here we use meta-analysis to assess how reducing
 soil disturbance and periods without roots in agricultural systems affects
 the formation of AM and the diversity and community composition of
 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We compiled data from 54 field studies
 across five continents that measured effects of tillage and/or cover
 cropping on AMF colonization and/or communities and assessed effects of
 management and environmental factors on these responses. 3. Less intensive
 tillage and winter cover cropping similarly increased AMF colonization of
 summer annual cash crop roots by ~30%. The key variables influencing the
 change in AMF colonization were the type of cover crop or the type of
 alternative tillage, suggesting that farmers can optimize combinations of
 tillage and cover crops that most enhance AM formation, particularly with
 no-till systems and legume cover crops. 4. Richness of AMF taxa increased
 by 11% in low-intensity vs. conventional tillage regimes. Several studies
 showed changes in diversity and community composition of AMF with cover
 cropping, but these responses were not consistent. 5. Synthesis and
 applications. This meta-analysis indicates that less intensive tillage and
 cover cropping are both viable strategies for enhancing root colonization
 from indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) across a wide range of
 soil types and cash crop species, and possibly also shifting AMF community
 structure, which could in turn increase biologically-based resource use in
 agricultural systems.
description: Meta-analysis data of
 cover crop and tillage effects on AMF colonization ratesThese data were
 extracted from publications listed in the supplemental data associated
 with the manuscript. The data include the rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal
 colonization on cash crop roots in field experiments comparing either
 cover cropping vs. fallow or intensive tillage vs. alternative tillage.
 They also contain other attributes of the studies that were used as
 moderator variables in the meta-analysis. See the methods section of the
 manuscript for how missing standard deviations were
 imputed.AMF
 colonization and cover crops and
 tillage.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3m2jf7
title: Data from: Soil microbial processes and resource limitation in karst and non-karst forests

description: 1. Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil biogeochemical cycles, but
 their growth and activities are often limited by resource availability.
 Understanding soil processes that are driven by microorganisms and
 resource limitation of microbes will help to elucidate controls on soil
 fertility and improve the ability to predict the responses of an ecosystem
 to global changes. As a widespread ecosystem type, karst ecosystem
 develops from limestone or dolomite with unique soil, however, karst
 ecosystems remains poorly understood regarding their soil microbial
 processes and microbial resource limitation. 2. Here, ecoenzymatic
 stoichiometry was used as an indicator of microbial resource limitation,
 and to model major microbial processes (i.e., decomposition of soil
 organic carbon and microbial respiration) in a karst and a non-karst
 forest. 3. Results showed that the modeled decomposition and respiration
 rates were significantly higher in the karst forest than in the non-karst
 forest. In addition, results of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry showed that the
 karst forest was more carbon-limited than the non-karst forest. In
 contrast, the karst forest was likely saturated with nitrogen, but the
 non-karst forest was limited by nitrogen. Both the karst and non-karst
 forests were limited by phosphorus, but phosphorus deficiency was more
 evident in the non-karst forest than in the karst forest. 4. These
 findings highlight the specific profiles of karst ecosystems, and they
 suggest that the responses of karst ecosystems to global changes should be
 very different compared to other ecosystems.
description: Data- Soil microbial
 processes and resource limitation in karst and non-karst
 forests
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.77900
title: Data from: Genetic structure of the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina: Evidence for isolation by distance in Europe and recent founder effects overseas

description: Dispersal has a great impact on the genetic structure of populations, but
 remains difficult to estimate by direct measures. In particular, gradual
 and stochastic dispersal are often difficult to assess and to distinguish,
 although they have different evolutionary consequences. Plant pathogens,
 especially rust fungi, are suspected to display both dispersal modes,
 though on different spatial scales. In this study, we inferred dispersal
 capacities of the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina by
 examining the genetic diversity and structure of 13 populations from eight
 European and two overseas countries in the Northern hemisphere. M.
 larici-populina was sampled from both cultivated hybrid poplars and on the
 wild host, Populus nigra. The populations were analyzed with 11
 microsatellite and 8 virulence markers. Although isolates displayed
 different virulence profiles according to the host plant, neutral markers
 revealed little population differentiation with respect to the type of
 host. This suggests an absence of reproductive isolation between
 populations sampled from cultivated and wild poplars. Conversely, studying
 the relationship between geographic and genetic structure allowed us to
 distinguish between isolation by distance (IBD) patterns and long distance
 dispersal (LDD) events. The European populations exhibited a significant
 IBD pattern, suggesting a regular and gradual dispersal of the pathogen
 over this spatial scale. Nonetheless, the genetic differentiation between
 these populations was low, suggesting an important gene flow on a
 continental scale. The two overseas populations from Iceland and Canada
 were shown to result from rare LDD events, and exhibited signatures of
 strong founder effects. Furthermore, the high genetic differentiation
 between both populations suggested that these two recent introductions
 were independent. This study illustrated how the proper use of population
 genetics methods can enable contrasted dispersal modes to be revealed.
description: DATA-IGE-2008
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tr7m5
title: Data from: The correlated evolution of antipredator defences and brain size in mammals

description: Mammals that possess elaborate antipredator defences such as body armour,
 spines and quills are usually well protected, intermediate in size,
 primarily insectivorous and live in simple open environments. The benefits
 of such defences seem clear and may relax selection on maintaining
 cognitive abilities that aid in vigilance and predator recognition, and
 their bearers may accrue extensive production and maintenance costs. Here,
 in this comparative phylogenetic analysis of measurements of
 encephalization quotient and morphological defence scores of 647 mammal
 species representing nearly every order, we found that as lineages evolve
 stronger defences, they suffer a correlated reduction in encephalization.
 The only exceptions were those that live in trees—a complex
 three-dimensional world probably requiring greater cognitive abilities. At
 the proximate level, because brain tissue is extremely energetically
 expensive to build, mammals may be trading off spending more on elaborate
 defences and saving by building less powerful brains. At the ultimate
 level, having greater defences may also reduce the need for advanced
 cognitive abilities for constant assessment of environmental predation
 risk, especially in simple open environments.
description: Complete
 DatasetComplete dataset used in
 the final comparative phylogenetic analyses.EQ Data
 Appendix2.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1808
title: Data from: Genetic analyses reveal hybridization but no hybrid swarm in one of the world's rarest birds

description: Abstract: Hybridization facilitated by human activities has dramatically
 altered the evolutionary trajectories of threatened taxa around the globe.
 Whereas introduced mammalian predators and widespread habitat loss and
 degradation clearly imperil the recovery and survival of the New Zealand
 endemic black stilt or kakī (Himantopus novaezelandiae), the risk
 associated with hybridization between this critically endangered endemic
 and its self-introduced congener, the pied stilt or poaka (H. himantopus
 leucocephalus) is less clear. Here we combine Bayesian admixture analyses
 of microsatellite data with mitochondrial DNA sequence data to assess the
 levels of hybridization and introgression between kakī and poaka. We show
 that birds classified as hybrids on the basis of adult plumage are indeed
 of hybrid origin and that hybridisation between kakī and poaka is both
 extensive and bidirectional. Despite this, we found almost no evidence for
 introgression from poaka to kakī, thus negating a popular belief that kakī
 represent a hybrid swarm. To our knowledge, ours represents the first
 comprehensive study to document a lack of widespread introgression for a
 species at risk despite a recent history of extensive bidirectional
 human-induced hybridization. We attribute this rather surprising result,
 in part, to reduced reproductive success in female hybrids combined with a
 transient male-biased kakī sex ratio. To maximize the evolutionary
 potential of kakī, we use these data to recommend conservation management
 activities aimed to maintain the genetic integrity and to maximize the
 genetic diversity of this iconic rare bird.
description: Steevesetalmicrosatellitedata.xlsEach row represents one individual. Columns represent (in order of appearance): sample number, conservation management category, plumage node, genotype at each of eight microsatellite loci.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hq08g
title: Data from: Does non-invasive brain stimulation modify hand dexterity? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

description: [No abstract entered]
description: Data for non-invasive
 brain stimulation in stroke and healthy controls meta
 analysisWe provide data on
 non-invasive brain stimulation for fine motor recovery after stroke and
 for healthy controls. The data consists mainly of pre- and post- means,
 standard deviations and the sample size of the populations
 studied.Data_stroke_healthy_dex_depositry_51017.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70q32
title: Data from: Does origin always matter? Evaluating the influence of nonlocal seed provenances for ecological restoration purposes in a widespread and outcrossing plant species

description: For restoration purposes, nature conservation generally enforces the use
 of local seed material based on the “local-is-best” (LIB) approach.
 However, in some cases recommendations to refrain from this approach have
 been made. Here we test if a common widespread species with no obvious
 signs of local adaptation may be a candidate species for abandoning LIB
 during restoration. Using 10 microsatellite markers we compared population
 genetic patterns of the generalist species Daucus carota in indigenous and
 formerly restored sites (nonlocal seed provenances). Gene diversity
 overall ranged between He = 0.67 and 0.86 and showed no significant
 differences between the two groups. Hierarchical AMOVA and principal
 component analysis revealed very high genetic population admixture and
 negligible differentiation between indigenous and restored sites (FCT =
 0.002). Moreover, differentiation between groups was caused by only one
 outlier population, where inbreeding effects are presumed. We therefore
 conclude that the introduction of nonlocal seed provenances in the course
 of landscape restoration did not jeopardize regional species persistence
 by contributing to inbreeding or outbreeding depressions, or any
 measurable adverse population genetic effect. On the basis of these
 results, we see no obvious objections to the current practice to use the
 10-fold cheaper, nonlocal seed material of D. carota for restoration
 projects.
description: MicrosatsD.carota- ten microsatellite marker for Apiaceae (Cavagnaro et al 2010): GSSR 3; 4; 6; 9; 16; 35; 65; 85; 107; 111; - nineteen populations of Daucus carota (ten R = restored population, nine I = indigenous population)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ms84h
title: Data from: Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception

description: Visual perception is strongly influenced by contextual information. A good
 example is reference repulsion, where subjective reports about the
 direction of motion of a stimulus are significantly biased by the presence
 of an explicit reference. These perceptual biases could arise early,
 during sensory encoding, or alternatively, they may reflect
 decision-related processes occurring relatively late in the task sequence.
 To separate these two competing possibilities, we asked (human) subjects
 to perform a fine motion-discrimination task and then estimate the
 direction of motion in the presence or absence of an oriented reference
 line. When subjects performed the discrimination task with the reference,
 but subsequently estimated motion direction in its absence, direction
 estimates were unbiased. However, when subjects viewed the same stimuli
 but performed the estimation task only, with the orientation of the
 reference line jittered on every trial, the directions estimated by
 subjects were biased and yoked to the orientation of the shifted reference
 line. These results show that judgements made relative to a reference are
 subject to late, decision-related biases. A model in which information
 about motion is integrated with that of an explicit reference cue,
 resulting in a late, decision-related re-weighting of the sensory
 representation, can account for these results.
description: zamboni-2016-data