DOI: 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-1081
title: Fraflytning fra landdistrikter, 1970-1975
title: Removals from Rural Districts, 1970-1975

description: I de senere år har man konstateret en ændring i de mindre byers folketal. Af hensyn til planlægningen af deres udvikling er det vigtigt at få noget at vide om hvor mange, der flytter til og fra dem, og hvorfor. Især er det vigtigt at få at vide, hvorvidt det er arbejds-, uddannelses-, bolig- eller andre forhold, der er årsag til flytning. Disse og andre spørgsmål vil undersøgelsen søge svar på.
        
        Undersøgelsen er en del af et større projekt omkring kortlægning af sociale og miljømæssige forhold i landdistrikter i 1975.
        
        Projektet er gennemført på baggrund af de hastige strukturændringer i det danske samfund, som blandt andet betyder væsentlige forandringer i levevilkårene for befolkningen i de egentlige landdistrikter. Undersøgelserne belyser en række faktorer, som har indflydelse på, at nogle lokalsamfund oplever en befolkningsmæssig tilvækst, mens andre er udsat for stagnation, og andre igen oplever en meget stor tilbagegang. Desuden belyses nogle af de sociale problemer i landdistrikterne, samt hvordan disse opleves i forskellige typer af lokalsamfund, og endelig hvordan det kan øve indflydelse på den fremtidige udvikling. Projektets delelementer beskrives nedenfor.
      
        1) Første del (DDA-0061: Sociale og miljømæssige forhold i
        
        landdistrikter, 1975) er en interviewundersøgelse, som
        
        omhandler samtlige husstande i 10 småbyer med 200-999
        
        indbyggere inden for 5 kommuner. Der er foretaget interviews
        
        med 1.426 familier, hvor interviewpersonen hyppigst har været
        
        det kvindelige husstandsoverhoved. Undersøgelsens svarprocent
        
        var 88,5. Interviewundersøgelsen bygger på 3 spørgeskemaer.
        
        Skema I skulle besvares af alle interviewpersoner, mens skema
        
        II vedrører oplysninger om ægtefælle/samlever og pasning af 0-6
        
        årige børn, mens skema III kun vedrører familier med 13-årige
        
        og ældre børn i arbejde. Foruden en lang række baggrundsforhold
        
        (bl.a. erhverv og uddannelse) indeholder skema I oplysninger om
        
        økonomiske forhold, sociale ydelser, boligforhold, sociale
        
        kontakter, fritids- og indkøbsmuligheder, kommunalpolitisk
        
        information og indflydelse samt tilflytningsmotiver og
        
        fraflytningsovervejelser. I skema II er der oplysninger om
        
        ægtefælle/samlevers uddannelse og erhverv samt pasning af 0-6
        
        årige børn, mens skema III belyser status, erhverv og
        
        arbejdsløshed for 13-årige og ældre børn.
      
        2) Anden del af projektet er 19 spørgsmål i
        
        ''Socialforskningsinstituttets omnibusundersøgelse, oktober
        
        1975'', (DDA-0129). Denne undersøgelse belyser forhold omkring
        
        flytning, deltagelse i det politiske liv og sociale forhold.
        
        Formålet med denne landsdækkende undersøgelse er at sammenligne
        
        forholdene i småbyerne med forhold- ene i hele landet.
      
        3) Nærværende materiale, som udgør tredie del af projektet, er en
        
        postspørgeskemaundersøgelse, som blev gennemført i december
        
        1975. Der blev sendt spørgeskemaer til samtlige husstande, som
        
        ifølge kommunernes folkeregistre var fraflyttet de 10 småbyer
        
        (som indgår i interviewundersøgelsen) i perioden 1. april 1970
        
        til 31. marts 1975 - dog kun til husstande, der flyttede uden
        
        for kommunens grænser. På samme måde som i
        
        interviewundersøgelsen var det hyppigst det kvindelige
        
        husstandsoverhoved, som besvarede spørgeskemaet. Undersøgelsens
        
        svarprocent blev 65,4. Denne undersøgelse kortlægger en række
        
        baggrundsforhold og ændringer i forbindelse med fraflytningen
        
        vedrørende arbejdsforhold, sociale kontakter, sociale og
        
        økonomiske forhold samt forsørgelsesmuligheder.
      
        4) Fjerde del af projektet vedrører behandling af dokumentarisk
        
        materiale, bl.a. interne kommunale og amtslige statistikker og
        
        oversigter, oversigter fra arbejdsformidlingen, kommunale
        
        informationsbøger, håndbøger og dispositionsplaner. Desuden er
        
        de lokale aviser i Gudme og Give kommuner indholdsmæssigt
        
        systematiseret og indgår i det generelle analysemateriale.
      
        5) Femte og sidste del af projektet er intensive undersøgelser
        
        af de 4 udvalgte byer i Gudme og Give kommuner: der er
        
        foretaget observationer og ført et stort antal uformelle
        
        samtaler under undersøgelsesgruppens ophold på stedet. Det
        
        væsentligste materiale fra de intensive undersøgelser er en
        
        række interviews med udvalgte nøglepersoner
        
        (kommunalpolitikere og kommunale embedsmænd, handlende,
        
        erhvervsledere, fagforeningsledere, personer i
        
        arbejdsformidlingen, lokale foreningsformænd og andre ledere).
        
        Fjerde og femte del af projektet kortlægger forhold omkring befolknings- og erhvervsudviklingen, arbejds- og beskæftigelsesforhold, regionplaner og kommunale dispositionsplaner, udstykninger i byerne, sociale forhold og forsørgelsesmuligheder, lokalpolitiske forhold samt uformelle kontakter, formelt foreningsliv og byernes fysiske miljø.
description: Recent years have brought about a change in the number of inhabitants in small towns. In order to plan the future of these small towns, it is important to obtain information on the increase and decrease of inhabitants as well as on reasons why people move to or away from them. It is especially important to obtain information on whether people move because of working conditions, educational conditions, housing conditions or other conditions. This survey attempts to examine these, and other, questions.     #  The survey forms part of a major project concerning a mapping out of the social and environmental conditions in rural districts in Denmark in 1975.     #  The background of the project is the rapid structural changes in society resulting in major changes in the living conditions of the population in rural districts proper. The surveys attempt to examine a number of factors which are thought to influence the process which leads to an increase in population in some local communities, whereas other local communities experience stagnation and still others experience a major decrease in population. A further purpose of the surveys is to examine some of the most important social problems in the rural districts as well as to describe how the problems are experienced in the different types of local communities. Finally, the surveys advance a theory concerning the influence this may have upon the future development of local communities. The project consists of the following part surveys:     #     #1) The first part of the survey (DDA-0061: Social and     #   Environmental Conditions in Rural Districts, 1975) is an     #   interview survey comprising all households in 10 small towns     #   with between 200 and 999 inhabitants within 5 municipalities.     #   1426 households were interviewed, i.e. primarily female heads     #   of households were interviewed. The response percentage was     #   88.5. The survey is based on 3 questionnaires. Questionnaire I     #   was to be completed by all the respondents; questionnaire II     #   concerns information on spouse/cohabitant and child-minding,     #   i.e. how 0 to 6-year-old children are minded; and questionnaire     #   III only concerns families with children aged 13 or more who     #   are employed. In addition to a number of background variables     #   (e.g. occupation and education) questionnaire I contains     #   information on economic conditions, public support, housing     #   conditions, social contacts, spare time offers, shopping     #   facilities, information on local political matters and     #   influence on political matters as well as reasons for moving to     #   the town or considerations as regards moving from the town.     #   Questionnaire II contains information on the education and     #   occupation of the respondent's spouse/cohabitant as well as     #   information on child-minding regarding 0 to 6-year-old     #   children. Questionnaire III examines status, occupation and     #   unemployment of children aged 13 or more.     #     #2) The second part of the project comprises 19 questions from     #   the Danish Omnibus Survey, October 1975 (DDA-0129). This part     #   examines conditions in connection with moving, participation     #   in local politics and social conditions. The purpose of this     #   national survey is to compare the conditions in small towns     #   with the conditions in the country as a whole.     #     #3) This survey, which is the third part of the project, is a mail     #   questionnaire survey, which was carried out in December 1975.     #   Questionnaires were sent to all households, which, according to     #   the national registration offices, had moved from the 10 small     #   towns (which are included in the interview survey) in the     #   period 1 April, 1970 to 31 March, 1975. However,     #   questionnaires were only sent to households which had moved     #   from the municipality. As was the case in the interview survey,     #   it was primarily female heads of households who completed the     #   questionnaire. The response percentage was 65.4. This part     #   survey examines a number of background variables and changes in     #   connection with the removal, e.g. employment conditions, social     #   contacts, social and economic conditions as well as     #   possibilities of supporting a family.     #     #4) The fourth part of the project deals with the processing of     #   documentary material, e.g. internal municipal and county     #   statistics and reports, reports from the Labour Exchange     #   offices, municipal information books, hand books and master     #   plans. In addition, the local papers in the parishes of Give     #   and Gudme are systematized according to contents and form part     #   of the general analysis material.     #     #5) The fifth and last part of the project consists of intensive     #   surveys of the 4 selected towns in Gudme and Give. A number     #   of observations were made and a number of informal talks were     #   carried out during the interviewers' stay in the four towns.     #   The most important material from these intensive surveys is a     #   number of interviews with selected key persons (local     #   politicians and local civil servants, dealers and shopkeepers,     #   business men, trade union leaders, Labour Exchange staff,     #   chairmen of local committees, etc.).     #     #Parts 4 and 5 of the project map out conditions concerning population changes, development of trade and industry, employment and unemployment conditions, regional planning and municipal master plans, development of building land in the towns, social conditions, possibilities of supporting a family, local political matters, informal contacts, formal memberships of clubs and associations, and the physical environment of the towns
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