cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044669.v1
title: Relationship between childhood trauma, parental bonding, and defensive styles and psychiatric symptoms in adult life

description: Abstract Introduction A relationship between different types of childhood trauma, parental care, and defensive styles and development of psychiatric symptoms in adulthood is proposed in this study. Understanding the nature of this association is essential to assist psychotherapists who treat patients with a history of past trauma. This study aims to examine the associations between childhood trauma, parental bonding, and defensive styles and current symptoms in adult patients who sought care at an analytical psychotherapy clinic. Methods The sample comprised 197 patients from an analytically oriented psychotherapy clinic. Participants responded to four self-report instruments that assessed, respectively, presence and frequency of several types of early trauma, type of parental attachment, styles of defenses, and current symptoms encompassing a wide variety of psychopathological syndromes. Results Only 5% of patients reported not having experienced any traumatic experience in childhood. Several traumas such as emotional and physical abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect showed positive and significant associations with several dimensions of current symptoms, and also with parental bonding and defensive styles. When analyzed together with the other variables, defensive styles explained the level of psychological suffering caused by the symptoms. Conclusions This study offers additional support for understanding the associations between childhood trauma, parental bonding styles, and defense styles and the psychiatric symptoms of patients in analytically oriented psychotherapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044672.v1
title: Disability in children and adolescents: the extent of the impact on psychiatric disorders and educational deficits

description: Abstract Introduction Most children/adolescents with disability live in low and middle-income countries and, worldwide, they are more likely to have mental health problems and achieve worse academic performance compared to those with typical development. Objective To assess whether Brazilian children/adolescents with four types of disabilities are more likely to have psychiatric disorders and educational deficits than children/adolescents with typical development. Method A multicenter cross-sectional study involving a school-based probabilistic sample of second to sixth graders (N = 1,674) from public schools in four Brazilian regions. The four types of disabilities (intellectual, visual, hearing, and motor) were assessed using the Ten Questions Questionnaire. Psychiatric disorders were measured with the Schedule for Affective Disorders/Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL), and academic performance was evaluated using the Teste de Desempenho Acadêmico – TDE (the academic performance test). Results A logistic regression model with cluster-robust errors identified the following statistically significant associations with three of the four types of disability (the exception was hearing). Intellectual disability was associated with anxiety (p &lt; 0.01), depression (p &lt; 0.01), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (p &lt; 0.001), school failure (p &lt; 0.01), and poor academic performance (p &lt; 0.01). Visual disability was associated with depression (p &lt; 0.01). Motor disability was marginally associated with ADHD (p = 0.08). Conclusions Presence of disabilities (intellectual, visual, and motor) in children/adolescents was associated with psychiatric disorders, school failure, and academic performance. It is therefore important to identify presence of disabilities and plan and deliver specific interventions and specialized educational care for the needs presented by these children/adolescents. This is particularly important in low and middle-income countries, where these disabilities are frequent among children/adolescents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044672
title: Disability in children and adolescents: the extent of the impact on psychiatric disorders and educational deficits

description: Abstract Introduction Most children/adolescents with disability live in low and middle-income countries and, worldwide, they are more likely to have mental health problems and achieve worse academic performance compared to those with typical development. Objective To assess whether Brazilian children/adolescents with four types of disabilities are more likely to have psychiatric disorders and educational deficits than children/adolescents with typical development. Method A multicenter cross-sectional study involving a school-based probabilistic sample of second to sixth graders (N = 1,674) from public schools in four Brazilian regions. The four types of disabilities (intellectual, visual, hearing, and motor) were assessed using the Ten Questions Questionnaire. Psychiatric disorders were measured with the Schedule for Affective Disorders/Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL), and academic performance was evaluated using the Teste de Desempenho Acadêmico – TDE (the academic performance test). Results A logistic regression model with cluster-robust errors identified the following statistically significant associations with three of the four types of disability (the exception was hearing). Intellectual disability was associated with anxiety (p &lt; 0.01), depression (p &lt; 0.01), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (p &lt; 0.001), school failure (p &lt; 0.01), and poor academic performance (p &lt; 0.01). Visual disability was associated with depression (p &lt; 0.01). Motor disability was marginally associated with ADHD (p = 0.08). Conclusions Presence of disabilities (intellectual, visual, and motor) in children/adolescents was associated with psychiatric disorders, school failure, and academic performance. It is therefore important to identify presence of disabilities and plan and deliver specific interventions and specialized educational care for the needs presented by these children/adolescents. This is particularly important in low and middle-income countries, where these disabilities are frequent among children/adolescents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044674
title: Prevalence and predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in a tertiary hospital in Northeast Brazil

description: Abstract Objective To investigate epidemiological factors related to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) in Northeast Brazil, a region where data about mental health are still scarce. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included all patients with schizophrenia currently receiving treatment at the outpatient psychiatric clinic of a tertiary hospital in Northeast Brazil. They were divided into TRS and treatment-responsive groups, and epidemiological characteristics of both groups were compared. A logistic regression model investigated factors related to treatment resistance. Results Two hundred and five patients were included, 155 treatment-resistant and 50 treatment-responsive. The TRS group had higher use of benzodiazepines (36.1 vs. 18%, p = 0.017) and antiepileptics (36.8 vs. 8.0%, p &lt; 0.001), antipsychotic polypharmacy (28.6 vs. 8%, p = 0.003) and suicide attempts (35.6 vs. 20%, p = 0.04). Age at onset was younger (19.7±7.3 vs. 24.6±8.6 years, p = 0.001) and CGI was higher in TRS (3.72±1.00 vs. 3.16±1.00, p = 0.001). In logistic regression, being married was a protector (odds ratio [OR] = 0.248, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.091-0.679, p = 0.007) and younger age at onset was a predictor (OR = 1.076, 95%CI 1.034-1.120, p &lt; 0.001) of treatment resistance. Conclusion Early onset of disease was associated with more treatment resistance, while being married with less resistance. Clinicians should identify early predictors of resistance in order to reduce unfavorable outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044674.v1
title: Prevalence and predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in a tertiary hospital in Northeast Brazil

description: Abstract Objective To investigate epidemiological factors related to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) in Northeast Brazil, a region where data about mental health are still scarce. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included all patients with schizophrenia currently receiving treatment at the outpatient psychiatric clinic of a tertiary hospital in Northeast Brazil. They were divided into TRS and treatment-responsive groups, and epidemiological characteristics of both groups were compared. A logistic regression model investigated factors related to treatment resistance. Results Two hundred and five patients were included, 155 treatment-resistant and 50 treatment-responsive. The TRS group had higher use of benzodiazepines (36.1 vs. 18%, p = 0.017) and antiepileptics (36.8 vs. 8.0%, p &lt; 0.001), antipsychotic polypharmacy (28.6 vs. 8%, p = 0.003) and suicide attempts (35.6 vs. 20%, p = 0.04). Age at onset was younger (19.7±7.3 vs. 24.6±8.6 years, p = 0.001) and CGI was higher in TRS (3.72±1.00 vs. 3.16±1.00, p = 0.001). In logistic regression, being married was a protector (odds ratio [OR] = 0.248, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.091-0.679, p = 0.007) and younger age at onset was a predictor (OR = 1.076, 95%CI 1.034-1.120, p &lt; 0.001) of treatment resistance. Conclusion Early onset of disease was associated with more treatment resistance, while being married with less resistance. Clinicians should identify early predictors of resistance in order to reduce unfavorable outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044677.v1
title: Association between anger expression and attempted suicide at a general emergency hospital in the south of Brazil

description: Abstract Introduction Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. For every person who commits suicide, twenty or more have attempted to take their own lives. The emotional state of anger is often associated with suicidal behavior. However, this association needs to be further clarified. Objectives This study sought to investigate the profiles of traits and expressions of anger in inpatients admitted to a general emergency hospital after surviving a suicide attempt. Methods In this case-control study, a sample of 28 suicide survivors was matched for sex, age, and educational level with 56 controls. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 was used to measure anger traits and expression. Results Suicide survivors scored higher for anger traits and expression and lower for anger control than the control group. They also had lower levels of state anger and willingness to express anger verbally than the control group. Conclusions Patients who attempted suicide and had high scores for anger expression (in and out) are inclined to have extreme difficulty in interpersonal relationships and rigidity towards change and are at higher risk of developing psychopathologies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044677
title: Association between anger expression and attempted suicide at a general emergency hospital in the south of Brazil

description: Abstract Introduction Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. For every person who commits suicide, twenty or more have attempted to take their own lives. The emotional state of anger is often associated with suicidal behavior. However, this association needs to be further clarified. Objectives This study sought to investigate the profiles of traits and expressions of anger in inpatients admitted to a general emergency hospital after surviving a suicide attempt. Methods In this case-control study, a sample of 28 suicide survivors was matched for sex, age, and educational level with 56 controls. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 was used to measure anger traits and expression. Results Suicide survivors scored higher for anger traits and expression and lower for anger control than the control group. They also had lower levels of state anger and willingness to express anger verbally than the control group. Conclusions Patients who attempted suicide and had high scores for anger expression (in and out) are inclined to have extreme difficulty in interpersonal relationships and rigidity towards change and are at higher risk of developing psychopathologies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044680.v1
title: Factor analysis of the Resilience Scale for Brazilian caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease

description: Abstract Introduction Resilience is a dynamic process that acts to modify the effects of an adverse life event. In this study, we aimed to test the construct validity of the Resilience Scale by employing exploratory and confirmatory procedures, and to investigate the relationship between caregiver’s resilience and clinical status of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods A sample of 143 dyads of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their primary caregivers were included. Results The total Resilience Scale mean score was 140.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 16.289), ranging from 25 to 175, indicating a high level of resilience. Cronbach’s alpha was high (α = 0.77), indicating excellent internal consistency. The mean of corrected item-total correlation coefﬁcients was moderate. The Resilience Scale presented a four-factor solution with a well-deﬁned structure: sense of life and self-sufficiency, perseverance, self-confidence and equanimity, and meaningfulness. Conclusion The findings indicate excellent internal consistency of the Resilience Scale when used to evaluate psychological and emotional difficulties of caregivers, even though the correlations observed between the Resilience Scale and clinical variables were not significant for functionality, mood, awareness, neuropsychiatric symptoms, or burden.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044680
title: Factor analysis of the Resilience Scale for Brazilian caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease

description: Abstract Introduction Resilience is a dynamic process that acts to modify the effects of an adverse life event. In this study, we aimed to test the construct validity of the Resilience Scale by employing exploratory and confirmatory procedures, and to investigate the relationship between caregiver’s resilience and clinical status of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods A sample of 143 dyads of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their primary caregivers were included. Results The total Resilience Scale mean score was 140.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 16.289), ranging from 25 to 175, indicating a high level of resilience. Cronbach’s alpha was high (α = 0.77), indicating excellent internal consistency. The mean of corrected item-total correlation coefﬁcients was moderate. The Resilience Scale presented a four-factor solution with a well-deﬁned structure: sense of life and self-sufficiency, perseverance, self-confidence and equanimity, and meaningfulness. Conclusion The findings indicate excellent internal consistency of the Resilience Scale when used to evaluate psychological and emotional difficulties of caregivers, even though the correlations observed between the Resilience Scale and clinical variables were not significant for functionality, mood, awareness, neuropsychiatric symptoms, or burden.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044683
title: A validation study of the LABIRINTO scale for the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder in children aged 2 to 4 years

description: Abstract Objective To find evidence of the content, construct, and criterion validity of the LABIRINTO scale for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children aged 24-59 months. Methods The scale was constructed in four stages: 1) items were defined based on an extensive literature review and discussions with autism and child development specialists; 2) child development specialists evaluated each item; 3) a preliminary version of the scale was applied to children diagnosed with ASD to enable any necessary adjustments; 4) the scale was then applied to 27 children with typical development and no neurodevelopmental disorder and 48 children with ASD. According to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), clinical diagnosis constitutes the gold standard. Results The scale’s psychometric indexes were appropriate for construct validity, with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.94 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.000. Only one factor on the scale had a Cronbach alpha of 0.97. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cutoff of 12, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% for distinguishing children with ASD from those with typical development. Conclusion This study confirmed the validity of the LABIRINTO scale.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044683.v1
title: A validation study of the LABIRINTO scale for the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder in children aged 2 to 4 years

description: Abstract Objective To find evidence of the content, construct, and criterion validity of the LABIRINTO scale for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children aged 24-59 months. Methods The scale was constructed in four stages: 1) items were defined based on an extensive literature review and discussions with autism and child development specialists; 2) child development specialists evaluated each item; 3) a preliminary version of the scale was applied to children diagnosed with ASD to enable any necessary adjustments; 4) the scale was then applied to 27 children with typical development and no neurodevelopmental disorder and 48 children with ASD. According to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), clinical diagnosis constitutes the gold standard. Results The scale’s psychometric indexes were appropriate for construct validity, with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.94 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.000. Only one factor on the scale had a Cronbach alpha of 0.97. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cutoff of 12, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% for distinguishing children with ASD from those with typical development. Conclusion This study confirmed the validity of the LABIRINTO scale.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044686.v1
title: Brazilian Portuguese versions and cross-cultural adaptation of two instruments to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population

description: Abstract Introduction Studies based on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) theory are conducted to identify ways to improve strategies aimed at preventing and combatting certain conditions or diseases, to understand the way how behavioral changes are assimilated by the populations, and to reorient interventions. In view of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies based on KAP theory have been useful to better understand certain behaviors, such as adherence to prevention measures and control of the spread of the virus. Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of two complementary instruments for assessing KAP regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population. Methods Two independent translators proposed a first Brazilian Portuguese version of the scales. The cultural adaptation and pre-test of the Brazilian Portuguese versions occurred at different stages, using a panel of specialists and a subsample of the target population, respectively. Results The pre-test of the adapted instruments involved 30 Brazilian adults (mean age = 41.8 years; standard deviation = 4.24) and was carried out to assess instrument understanding and applicability. The participants informed they did not have difficulties to self-complete the instruments and reported a high level of clarity and understanding. Conclusion Both instruments can bring an opportunity to study behavioral constructs about COVID-19 in the Brazilian population, aiming to articulate strategies that enable the fulfillment of effective preventive measures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044686
title: Brazilian Portuguese versions and cross-cultural adaptation of two instruments to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population

description: Abstract Introduction Studies based on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) theory are conducted to identify ways to improve strategies aimed at preventing and combatting certain conditions or diseases, to understand the way how behavioral changes are assimilated by the populations, and to reorient interventions. In view of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies based on KAP theory have been useful to better understand certain behaviors, such as adherence to prevention measures and control of the spread of the virus. Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of two complementary instruments for assessing KAP regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population. Methods Two independent translators proposed a first Brazilian Portuguese version of the scales. The cultural adaptation and pre-test of the Brazilian Portuguese versions occurred at different stages, using a panel of specialists and a subsample of the target population, respectively. Results The pre-test of the adapted instruments involved 30 Brazilian adults (mean age = 41.8 years; standard deviation = 4.24) and was carried out to assess instrument understanding and applicability. The participants informed they did not have difficulties to self-complete the instruments and reported a high level of clarity and understanding. Conclusion Both instruments can bring an opportunity to study behavioral constructs about COVID-19 in the Brazilian population, aiming to articulate strategies that enable the fulfillment of effective preventive measures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20044690
title: Burnout syndrome and resilience in medical students from a Brazilian public college in Salvador, Brazil

description: Abstract Introduction Burnout syndrome is highly prevalent among medical students. Whereas burnout syndrome has been associated with negative outcomes, like suicidal ideation, protective factors are still unknown. Objective To evaluate if there is an association between burnout syndrome and resilience in medical students, assessing covariates such as depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and religiosity. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 209 students from a medical school in Brazil. Burnout syndrome was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey. Potential protective factors and aggravators to burnout syndrome were investigated using appropriate scales. Results Fifty-nine students (28.2%) presented burnout. Multivariate analysis showed that resilience was a protective factor (p &lt; 0.001), along with being older, married or having better academic performance. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with burnout. Religiosity was not a protective factor and suicidal ideation was not associated with burnout when adjusted for depressive symptoms. Conclusion Burnout is frequent among medical students, impacting mental health and academic performance. Resilience seems to be a protective factor, and the relationship between burnout and suicidal ideation is possibly mediated by depressive symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the associations found in this study.