cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514753
title: Evaluation of Pressure Fluctuation in Hydraulic Jump by Dissociation of Hydraulic Forces

description: ABSTRACT Hydraulic jump is a phenomenon largely used to dissipate energy downstream of hydraulic structures due to their biphasic and macroturbulent characteristics, associated with intense pressure, velocity and level fluctuations. These sudden pressure variations can cause damage to stilling basins, such as: cavitation erosion and superelevation of the floor slabs. Therefore, it is essential to know the behavior of pressure fluctuations along the hydraulic jump to look for safe and economic solutions. This work aims to identify and predict the characteristics of pressure fluctuations, at the bottom of the stilling basin, considering the hydraulic jump as a sum of hydraulic effects individually identified with distinct flow conditions. To do so, the pressure distribution was monitored and analyzed on average terms, and its fluctuations and extreme values along the solid outlines. The approach proved effective for the compression of the phenomena allowing the estimation of values for different outline conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514753.v1
title: Evaluation of Pressure Fluctuation in Hydraulic Jump by Dissociation of Hydraulic Forces

description: ABSTRACT Hydraulic jump is a phenomenon largely used to dissipate energy downstream of hydraulic structures due to their biphasic and macroturbulent characteristics, associated with intense pressure, velocity and level fluctuations. These sudden pressure variations can cause damage to stilling basins, such as: cavitation erosion and superelevation of the floor slabs. Therefore, it is essential to know the behavior of pressure fluctuations along the hydraulic jump to look for safe and economic solutions. This work aims to identify and predict the characteristics of pressure fluctuations, at the bottom of the stilling basin, considering the hydraulic jump as a sum of hydraulic effects individually identified with distinct flow conditions. To do so, the pressure distribution was monitored and analyzed on average terms, and its fluctuations and extreme values along the solid outlines. The approach proved effective for the compression of the phenomena allowing the estimation of values for different outline conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514345.v1
title: About Computational Modeling of Structures Submerged in Flows in Sub-Grid Scale

description: ABSTRACT In the computational modeling of water environments there are cases where slender vertical structures, like bridge piers, are part of the modeling domain. In this work, four strategies for modeling the presence of bridge piers were studied: Mesh Refinement (MR), Nodal Island (NI), Additional Stress Term (AST) and Increasing Bottom Roughness (IBR). For each method, advantages and disadvantages were discussed. AST was the most favorable of the techniques studied due to the fact that it drastically decreases the time of computation, as well as providing the possibility to choose the drag coefficient according to the pier geometry and hydrodynamic condition. Comparing the results of longitudinal centerline velocity profiles, it has been observed that the AST method provides similar results to the RM method from a distance of 100 m downstream of the pier. For this reason, the research concludes that the AST method is appropriate to evaluate the flow distant from the structures, outside the near wake. This work presents a sensibility study of the pier drag coefficient to make the reader aware of the influence of this parameter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514345
title: About Computational Modeling of Structures Submerged in Flows in Sub-Grid Scale

description: ABSTRACT In the computational modeling of water environments there are cases where slender vertical structures, like bridge piers, are part of the modeling domain. In this work, four strategies for modeling the presence of bridge piers were studied: Mesh Refinement (MR), Nodal Island (NI), Additional Stress Term (AST) and Increasing Bottom Roughness (IBR). For each method, advantages and disadvantages were discussed. AST was the most favorable of the techniques studied due to the fact that it drastically decreases the time of computation, as well as providing the possibility to choose the drag coefficient according to the pier geometry and hydrodynamic condition. Comparing the results of longitudinal centerline velocity profiles, it has been observed that the AST method provides similar results to the RM method from a distance of 100 m downstream of the pier. For this reason, the research concludes that the AST method is appropriate to evaluate the flow distant from the structures, outside the near wake. This work presents a sensibility study of the pier drag coefficient to make the reader aware of the influence of this parameter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506461
title: Water saving mechanisms supporting urban planning

description: ABSTRACT This research evaluates the use of water saving equipment in vertical buildings, in order to minimize the impact of water demand increasing over five years. The area studied is a district of Campina Grande city (PB) named Catolé. A survey was developed of some reducing devices that could contribute to the water demand decrease in the studied buildings. Water Demand Management recommends the use of water saving devices in buildings to decrease water consumption. The main goal was to evaluate the reduction of the water use caused by water savers in residential buildings and to try to establish parameters for the new buildings. Those parameters can be used for urban planning guidelines and laws to minimize water consumption. Therefore, four different types of water saving devices were selected and the economic and efficiency aspects of implementation were analyzed. Some scenarios were simulated for unfinished buildings (under construction) to evaluate the future water consumption. The results obtained show that the use of water saving devices can reduce water consumption in vertical buildings by 83.26%. Therefore, it has been concluded that it is possible to minimize the water scarcity problem using management tools that can contribute to rational use and also improve society’s awareness of natural resources in urban areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506461.v1
title: Water saving mechanisms supporting urban planning

description: ABSTRACT This research evaluates the use of water saving equipment in vertical buildings, in order to minimize the impact of water demand increasing over five years. The area studied is a district of Campina Grande city (PB) named Catolé. A survey was developed of some reducing devices that could contribute to the water demand decrease in the studied buildings. Water Demand Management recommends the use of water saving devices in buildings to decrease water consumption. The main goal was to evaluate the reduction of the water use caused by water savers in residential buildings and to try to establish parameters for the new buildings. Those parameters can be used for urban planning guidelines and laws to minimize water consumption. Therefore, four different types of water saving devices were selected and the economic and efficiency aspects of implementation were analyzed. Some scenarios were simulated for unfinished buildings (under construction) to evaluate the future water consumption. The results obtained show that the use of water saving devices can reduce water consumption in vertical buildings by 83.26%. Therefore, it has been concluded that it is possible to minimize the water scarcity problem using management tools that can contribute to rational use and also improve society’s awareness of natural resources in urban areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507037
title: Evaluation and mathematical modeling of the removal of particulate matter in a real-scale lawn channel

description: ABSTRACT A mathematical model was applied to describe the removal of particulate matter in a real-scale lawn-lined channel. For this purpose different initial concentrations (Co) of particulate matter were investigated, as follows: 65; 131; 196 ; 262 and 327 mg/L. The hydrographs investigated, containing suspended solids, were discharged into a 100 m long channel with a 2% slope. The particulate matter was measured by analyzing turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) at 26 sites throughout the length of the channel. The experimental data were fitted to the model using nonlinear regression parameters (kd) and (C *), which correspond to the decay kinetics constant and minimum limiting values of the removal curve, respectively. Fractions removed and mathematical fitting were assessed and performed for each isolated event and also for the set of results. On average, the magnitude of the relative error ranged from 0.83% to 5.11%, with the highest average value obtained for the lowest concentration of particulate matter (65 mg L -1). Regarding the values obtained for the decay constants (kd), which represent the frequency of removal of particulate matter, it is noted that it tends to a minimum value for the higher initial concentrations of particles (Co) . This fact indicates that the higher the initial concentration of particulate matter (Co), the greater the extent of travel required for its removal, with a maximum observed at around 80 m, for concentrations above 196 mg.L -1 .
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507037.v1
title: Evaluation and mathematical modeling of the removal of particulate matter in a real-scale lawn channel

description: ABSTRACT A mathematical model was applied to describe the removal of particulate matter in a real-scale lawn-lined channel. For this purpose different initial concentrations (Co) of particulate matter were investigated, as follows: 65; 131; 196 ; 262 and 327 mg/L. The hydrographs investigated, containing suspended solids, were discharged into a 100 m long channel with a 2% slope. The particulate matter was measured by analyzing turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) at 26 sites throughout the length of the channel. The experimental data were fitted to the model using nonlinear regression parameters (kd) and (C *), which correspond to the decay kinetics constant and minimum limiting values of the removal curve, respectively. Fractions removed and mathematical fitting were assessed and performed for each isolated event and also for the set of results. On average, the magnitude of the relative error ranged from 0.83% to 5.11%, with the highest average value obtained for the lowest concentration of particulate matter (65 mg L -1). Regarding the values obtained for the decay constants (kd), which represent the frequency of removal of particulate matter, it is noted that it tends to a minimum value for the higher initial concentrations of particles (Co) . This fact indicates that the higher the initial concentration of particulate matter (Co), the greater the extent of travel required for its removal, with a maximum observed at around 80 m, for concentrations above 196 mg.L -1 .
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506998
title: IPH-Hydro Tools: a GIS coupled tool for watershed topology acquisition in an open-source environment

description: ABSTRACT Watershed delineation, drainage network generation and determination of river hydraulic characteristics are important issues in hydrological sciences. In general, this information can be obtained from Digital Elevation Models (DEM) processing within GIS commercial softwares, such as ArcGIS and IDRISI. On the other hand, the use of open source GIS tools has increased significantly, and their advantages include free distribution, continuous development by user communities and full customization for specific requirements. Herein, we present the IPH-Hydro Tools, an open source tool coupled to MapWindow GIS software designed for watershed topology acquisition, including preprocessing steps in hydrological models such as MGB-IPH. In addition, several tests were carried out assessing the performance and applicability of the developed tool, given by a comparison with available GIS packages (ArcGIS, IDRISI, WhiteBox) for similar purposes. The IPH-Hydro Tools provided satisfactory results on tested applications, allowing for better drainage network and less processing time for catchment delineation. Regarding its limitations, the developed tool was incompatible with huge terrain data and showed some difficulties to represent drainage networks in extensive flat areas, which can occur in reservoirs and large rivers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506998.v1
title: IPH-Hydro Tools: a GIS coupled tool for watershed topology acquisition in an open-source environment

description: ABSTRACT Watershed delineation, drainage network generation and determination of river hydraulic characteristics are important issues in hydrological sciences. In general, this information can be obtained from Digital Elevation Models (DEM) processing within GIS commercial softwares, such as ArcGIS and IDRISI. On the other hand, the use of open source GIS tools has increased significantly, and their advantages include free distribution, continuous development by user communities and full customization for specific requirements. Herein, we present the IPH-Hydro Tools, an open source tool coupled to MapWindow GIS software designed for watershed topology acquisition, including preprocessing steps in hydrological models such as MGB-IPH. In addition, several tests were carried out assessing the performance and applicability of the developed tool, given by a comparison with available GIS packages (ArcGIS, IDRISI, WhiteBox) for similar purposes. The IPH-Hydro Tools provided satisfactory results on tested applications, allowing for better drainage network and less processing time for catchment delineation. Regarding its limitations, the developed tool was incompatible with huge terrain data and showed some difficulties to represent drainage networks in extensive flat areas, which can occur in reservoirs and large rivers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510793
title: Climate change in the São Francisco river basin: analysis of precipitation and temperature

description: ABSTRACT Precipitation and temperature projections from global models, made available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), and actually used in the AR5 by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC-AR5), are assessed here for São Francisco River Basin. RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are considered througout the period 2011 to 2100. Incidentally, global models are evaluated concerning their representativity related to 1961-2000 climatology from Brazilian National Meteorological Institute (INMET) data. Two indexes were evaluated: correlation and square mean error. The analisys of projections was performed through the assessment of yearly average values of 30 years period (2011-2040, 2041-2070 e 2071-2100). Additionally to evaluate trends and variability it was considered 10 year moving averages, linear regression and Mann-Kendall-Sen method. Approximately 28% analyzed models do not capture the seasonal precipitation reliably. All models present positive trend for temperature, and despite of divergence on precipitation, the models projected anomalies between -20 and 20 for each time-slice for this variable.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512044.v1
title: Methodologies for generation of hazard indicator maps and flood prone areas: municipality of Ipojuca/PE.

description: ABSTRACT Studies focusing on urban vulnerabilities due to river floods need the construction of hazard maps and definition of potential flood areas. The objective of this article is to describe the development of a methodology for hazard mapping of river floods and to map areas susceptible to inundation on a municipal scale. The study area is the municipality of Ipojuca – Pernambuco State with area of 527.11 km2 and population of 80,637 inhabitants. The first methodology uses the hydrologic-hydraulic simulation for the lower course of the Ipojuca River using the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models. The streamflow calculated in the rainfall-runoff model is used as input for the hydraulic model, to simulate the water surface profile in the river. This makes it possible to calculate the water depth and flow velocity, the key elements for the definition of hazard indicators. The results of the hydraulic model were used to generate the hazard indicators: water depth, flow velocity, combination of depth and velocity, energy head, flow force and intensity (flow velocity x water depth). The other methodology seeks to identify areas with potential for inundation considering the entire territory of the municipality. Topographic index of the region and a distance cost matrix (which uses slope and drainage) are the auxiliary variables for determination of this map. Both variables use the digital terrain model. Analysis of risk is essential for planning and intervention in areas susceptible to inundation. Both characterizations of hazard and vulnerability are needed to evaluate risk. The results of the study in Ipojuca can be used for hazard characterization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512044
title: Methodologies for generation of hazard indicator maps and flood prone areas: municipality of Ipojuca/PE.

description: ABSTRACT Studies focusing on urban vulnerabilities due to river floods need the construction of hazard maps and definition of potential flood areas. The objective of this article is to describe the development of a methodology for hazard mapping of river floods and to map areas susceptible to inundation on a municipal scale. The study area is the municipality of Ipojuca – Pernambuco State with area of 527.11 km2 and population of 80,637 inhabitants. The first methodology uses the hydrologic-hydraulic simulation for the lower course of the Ipojuca River using the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models. The streamflow calculated in the rainfall-runoff model is used as input for the hydraulic model, to simulate the water surface profile in the river. This makes it possible to calculate the water depth and flow velocity, the key elements for the definition of hazard indicators. The results of the hydraulic model were used to generate the hazard indicators: water depth, flow velocity, combination of depth and velocity, energy head, flow force and intensity (flow velocity x water depth). The other methodology seeks to identify areas with potential for inundation considering the entire territory of the municipality. Topographic index of the region and a distance cost matrix (which uses slope and drainage) are the auxiliary variables for determination of this map. Both variables use the digital terrain model. Analysis of risk is essential for planning and intervention in areas susceptible to inundation. Both characterizations of hazard and vulnerability are needed to evaluate risk. The results of the study in Ipojuca can be used for hazard characterization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510793.v1
title: Climate change in the São Francisco river basin: analysis of precipitation and temperature

description: ABSTRACT Precipitation and temperature projections from global models, made available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), and actually used in the AR5 by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC-AR5), are assessed here for São Francisco River Basin. RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are considered througout the period 2011 to 2100. Incidentally, global models are evaluated concerning their representativity related to 1961-2000 climatology from Brazilian National Meteorological Institute (INMET) data. Two indexes were evaluated: correlation and square mean error. The analisys of projections was performed through the assessment of yearly average values of 30 years period (2011-2040, 2041-2070 e 2071-2100). Additionally to evaluate trends and variability it was considered 10 year moving averages, linear regression and Mann-Kendall-Sen method. Approximately 28% analyzed models do not capture the seasonal precipitation reliably. All models present positive trend for temperature, and despite of divergence on precipitation, the models projected anomalies between -20 and 20 for each time-slice for this variable.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518593
title: Integrated management of water resources and coastal zone: the zone of coastal influence in the basins of Mampituba, Araranguá, Tubarão and Tijucas rivers, SC, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The land use in the basin directly affects the coastal zone as both are connected and must be managed in an integrated manner. However, in Brazil the management policies of both environments are fragmented and there is no effective consideration that the coastal zone is part of the basin. This study aims to test whether the use of a zone of coastal influence (ZCI) based on physical criteria is useful for integrated coastal management. The physical criterion used is the propagation of tidal wave in the estuary, which is simulated by the non-permanent flow module of HEC-RAS model. The case study is the basins of Mampituba, Araranguá, Tubarão and Tijucas rivers, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The ZCI was set using the minimum affluent flow, which leads to: up to 29 km upstream in the Mampituba River, 34.4 km in Itoupava River and 28.8 km in Mãe Luzia River (both Araranguá River affluents), 20.7 km in Tubarão River and 21,25 km in Tijucas river. The model showed good results for the penetration of the astronomical tide, although the ZCI was small due to low tidal range in the analyzed estuaries. The ZCI based on physical criteria proves to be a useful tool, but the criteria used need adaptations, such as the inclusion of 50 km line from the coast or the propagation of meteorological tide. The ZCI is important to include the cause and effect relationships between land and water use and coastal zone management, especially for the grant of water rights and environmental licensing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518593.v1
title: Integrated management of water resources and coastal zone: the zone of coastal influence in the basins of Mampituba, Araranguá, Tubarão and Tijucas rivers, SC, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The land use in the basin directly affects the coastal zone as both are connected and must be managed in an integrated manner. However, in Brazil the management policies of both environments are fragmented and there is no effective consideration that the coastal zone is part of the basin. This study aims to test whether the use of a zone of coastal influence (ZCI) based on physical criteria is useful for integrated coastal management. The physical criterion used is the propagation of tidal wave in the estuary, which is simulated by the non-permanent flow module of HEC-RAS model. The case study is the basins of Mampituba, Araranguá, Tubarão and Tijucas rivers, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The ZCI was set using the minimum affluent flow, which leads to: up to 29 km upstream in the Mampituba River, 34.4 km in Itoupava River and 28.8 km in Mãe Luzia River (both Araranguá River affluents), 20.7 km in Tubarão River and 21,25 km in Tijucas river. The model showed good results for the penetration of the astronomical tide, although the ZCI was small due to low tidal range in the analyzed estuaries. The ZCI based on physical criteria proves to be a useful tool, but the criteria used need adaptations, such as the inclusion of 50 km line from the coast or the propagation of meteorological tide. The ZCI is important to include the cause and effect relationships between land and water use and coastal zone management, especially for the grant of water rights and environmental licensing.