cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/j94g-qh65
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - El'Gygytgyn Impact Crater, NE Siberia d18O Data during the Holocene

description: An accumulation terrace close to the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater in northeastern Siberia contains stratigraphic and periglacial evidence of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic history and permafrost dynamics during late Quaternary time. A succession of paleo active-layer deposits that mirror environmental changes records periods favorable for the establishment and growth of ice-wedge polygonal networks and sediment variations. These two elements of the periglacial landscape serve as complementary paleoenvironmental archives that can be traced back to ∼ 14,000 cal yr BP. The slope sediments and the ground ice contained therein have prominent relative maxima and minima in properties (grain size, total organic content, oxygen isotopes). They document a regional early Holocene thermal maximum at about 9000 cal yr BP, followed by a transition to slightly cooler conditions, and a subsequent transition to slightly warmer conditions after about 4000 cal yr BP. Results from sedimentary analysis resemble morphological and geochemical (oxygen and hydrogen isotopes) results from ice wedge studies, in which successive generations of ice-wedge polygonal networks record warmer winters in late Holocene time. Moreover, peaks of light soluble cation contents and quartz-grain surface textures reveal distinct traces of cryogenic weathering. We propose a conclusive sedimentation model illustrating terrace formation in a permafrost terrain.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/j297-dz24
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - 600-year Coralline Algal d15N Record from the Labrador Shelf

description: The impacts of climate change on north Atlantic nutrient chemistry remain poorly understood, as there exist a multitude of rapidly changing biological and physical drivers of nutrient conditions throughout the region. Here, we present nitrogen isotope measurements derived from a six-hundred-year-old crustose coralline alga (δ15Nalgal) to elucidate historical and contemporary trends in nitrate utilization and circulation patterns along the Labrador Shelf. Prior to the early 1900s, we argue that intervals during which utilization approached completion were controlled by reduced nitrate advection linked to subdued Atlantic inflow, as expected from concurrent negative modes of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. While nitrate conditions should have recovered in recent years, our record suggests that high utilization persisted since ~1870, which we also attribute to reduced Atlantic advection, likely associated with the twentieth-century anthropogenic weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. These results highlight the role of ongoing climate-induced circulation changes in modulating nutrient distributions throughout the subpolar north Atlantic, which may have implications for other environmental phenomena such as fisheries and oceanic carbon storage.
DOI: 10.25921/jmwj-2n30
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - North Atlantic Ocean (MD99-2251) Mg/Ca Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions over the last 12,000 years

description: A high-resolution record of Mg/Ca ratios from the planktonic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides has been produced for IMAGES core MD99–2251 from the subpolar North Atlantic. The record extends from the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition through the Holocene at ~70 year resolution, with a more detailed section at ~20 year resolution through the interval encompassing the major cooling episode 8200 years ago. Mg/Ca derived temperatures show significant variations through the Holocene, with surface temperatures ranging from ~8 to 13 °C. The onset of the Holocene is marked by an abrupt warming, with a further increase in early Holocene temperatures occurring prior to 9.5 ka. This is followed by a midHolocene period of cooler and more stable conditions before temperatures show a stepped increase at ~3.5 ka. The late Holocene period has the highest temperatures of the entire interglacial but also exhibits coolings of 2–3°C approximately every 500 years. Variations of this magnitude typify the high-frequency component of temperature variability and do not seem to be restricted to the 8.2 ka event or the early Holocene, when stronger freshwater forcing associated with the decay of the ice sheets might be anticipated. However, episodes of enhanced drift ice input to North Atlantic are coincident with many of the Mg/Ca temperature minima over the last 6 ka. The long-term warming trend and stepped increase in temperature at ~3.5 ka are consistent with other planktonic foraminiferal records and appear to reflect regional-scale changes in the atmospheric forcing of the North Atlantic Current during periods of rapid climate change. Alternatively, changes in ecology may contribute to the Holocene Mg/Ca record, either by species changing their depth habitat or by a shift in seasonal production patterns.
description: Metadata are from the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data are from Table 2 of Farmer et al. 2008 (https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002199).
DOI: 10.25921/j8x8-wk12
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bay of Plenty 32,000 Year Benthic Foraminifera Trace Element Data

description: During the termination of the last ice age, atmospheric CO2 rose ~ 80 ppm, but the origin of this carbon has not been fully resolved. Here we present novel constraints on the patterns and processes of deglacial CO2 release using three marine sediment cores from the Southwest Pacific. Carbon isotopes (d13C) and boron to calcium ratios (B/Ca) of benthic foraminiferal calcite provide records of the d13C of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and carbonate ion concentrations ([CO32-]) in seawater, respectively. Together these properties indicate enhanced storage of respired CO2 between 1.2 and 2.5 km water depth during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19 - 23 thousand years ago, ka). The first major rise in atmospheric CO2 during the last deglaciation, at the time of Heinrich Stadial 1, was accompanied by increases in d13C and [CO32-] at all core depths. The initial increases could be attributed to southward-shifted Westerly Winds driving increased upwelling in the Southern Ocean, sending a signal of enhanced ventilation northward into the Pacific. Our results confirm that Southern Pacific interior water masses served as an important reservoir for CO2 during the last glacial period, likely extracted from the atmosphere via the biologic pump. Some abrupt changes in Pacific carbon storage coincide with changes in Southern Ocean pH (Rae et al., 2018), upwelling indicators (Anderson et al., 2009), and pCO2 (Monnin et al. 2001), indicating that portions of the deep Pacific carbon pool can be ventilated rapidly to the atmosphere via the Southern Ocean.
description: Elemental ratio (B/Ca, Al/Ca, Ti/Ca, Mn/Ca, Ba/Ca, Fe/Ca) data on the bentic foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi from 4 sediment cores collected in the Bay of Plenty, South Pacific, for the past 122ka.
DOI: 10.25921/j99t-qf79
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - 231Pa/230Th Ratios in Arctic Ocean Surface Sediments

description: Records of past climate and ocean circulation derived from marine sediments. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.
description: Provided Keywords: protactinium-231, 231Pa, thorium-230, 230Th, 231Pa/230Th, Arctic
DOI: 10.25921/j15f-pb54
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Boyd - Interior Alaska Aspen Site SA1031 - PPTR - ITRDB AK178

description: Climate change-driven droughts and insect outbreaks are becoming more frequent and widespread, increasing forest vulnerability to mortality. By addressing the impacts of climate and insects on tree growth preceding death, we can better understand tree mortality risk under a changing climate. Here, we used tree stature and interannual growth (basal area increment; BAI) to assess processes leading to trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) survival or mortality during an unprecedented leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) outbreak in boreal North America. We identified eight sites (22 plots) in the longest running forest monitoring network in Alaska, spanning ~350 km of latitude, that experienced >=0.25 Mg ha-1 yr-1 aspen mortality during the outbreak. We compared the size and canopy position, growth patterns, and sensitivity to climate and leaf mining of aspen that survived (living; n = 84) vs. died (dying; n = 76) and linked the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to plot-level aspen growth and stand biomass recruitment, growth, and mortality. Dying aspen were in the subcanopy, smaller in diameter, and after a drought in 1957 had lower growth than living aspen until death. Before the outbreak, growth of all trees was positively influenced by moisture and negatively by temperature, but only living trees maintained this climate response during the outbreak. Leaf mining reduced growth of both groups, exerting at least a twofold greater impact than climate. The NDVI captured plot-level tree growth and stand biomass growth and mortality, yet it was nearly two times more strongly associated with living than dying tree growth and 12 times more strongly associated with biomass growth than mortality. These differences suggest that NDVI may inadequately detect insect-driven dieback and dispersed mortality of aspen across the boreal biome. Our findings reveal that a historic drought triggered a multi-decadal growth decline that predisposed aspen to mortality during the leaf miner outbreak and that while aspen growth is influenced by moisture and temperature, it is more strongly affected by P. populiella. We conclude that as the climate warms and insect outbreaks increase in frequency and magnitude at high latitudes, we should expect to see persistent and greater declines in aspen growth and increases in mortality.
description: This data file contains raw ring-width chronologies of individual trees that died (dying) and survived (living) an insect oubreak of Phyllocnistis populiella (outbreak period: 1997-2013) in Interior Alaska.  Living trees have ring-width measurements up to 2015 and the tree names are preceded by TA whereas dying tree ring-width measurements end in 1997-2013 and the tree names are preceded by TM. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22
DOI: 10.25921/jddk-ft55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coppola - Parco della Versiliana - PIPN - ITRDB ITAL054

description: Pinewoods are distinctive environmental elements in the Mediterranean coastal area and have both natural and historical significance. From the evening of March 4th to the morning of March 5th, 2015, a severe and unusual windstorm occurred in the Tuscany region of central Italy with wind gusts over 120 km/h. The windstorm caused vast damage to the anthropic and natural environment and wounded numerous trees in the renowned pinewoods of Parco della Versiliana in the Tyrrhenian coastal area. The meteorological calamity provided the opportunity to i) date the onset of the artificial plantation of the present Italian stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forest to the 1820s, ii) build a long-term tree-ring chronology of the Italian stone pines in the area and iii) analyze the climate-growth relationship of the Italian stone pine in the study area. The resulting Versiliana chronology was derived from 60 trees and spanned from 1828 to 2014 (187 years), representing one of the longest living Italian stone pine forests on the Italian Peninsula. Finally, the climate-growth analysis highlighted that at this site the latewood width is positively influenced by summer temperature, a peculiarity worthy of further investigations.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-11-18.
DOI: 10.25921/jtpz-jc57
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Esper - Karhunpesäkivi Dry - PISY - ITRDB FINL089

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.
DOI: 10.25921/j7nm-2s35
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Esper - Fisktjörna Dry - PISY - ITRDB NORW022

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.
DOI: 10.25921/j4eg-fe17
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Grundmann - Scharans - PISY - ITRDB SWIT387

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Reference: 
# Grundmann N. 2011. Klimaeinfluss und Absterbedynamik in Waldfohrenbestanden im Churer Rheintal und im Domleschg. Master thesis. Universitat Zurich, Zurich. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-05-03.
DOI: 10.25921/jtar-pp32
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Boyd - Interior Alaska Aspen Site SA1067 - PPTR - ITRDB AK181

description: Climate change-driven droughts and insect outbreaks are becoming more frequent and widespread, increasing forest vulnerability to mortality. By addressing the impacts of climate and insects on tree growth preceding death, we can better understand tree mortality risk under a changing climate. Here, we used tree stature and interannual growth (basal area increment; BAI) to assess processes leading to trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) survival or mortality during an unprecedented leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) outbreak in boreal North America. We identified eight sites (22 plots) in the longest running forest monitoring network in Alaska, spanning ~350 km of latitude, that experienced >=0.25 Mg ha-1 yr-1 aspen mortality during the outbreak. We compared the size and canopy position, growth patterns, and sensitivity to climate and leaf mining of aspen that survived (living; n = 84) vs. died (dying; n = 76) and linked the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to plot-level aspen growth and stand biomass recruitment, growth, and mortality. Dying aspen were in the subcanopy, smaller in diameter, and after a drought in 1957 had lower growth than living aspen until death. Before the outbreak, growth of all trees was positively influenced by moisture and negatively by temperature, but only living trees maintained this climate response during the outbreak. Leaf mining reduced growth of both groups, exerting at least a twofold greater impact than climate. The NDVI captured plot-level tree growth and stand biomass growth and mortality, yet it was nearly two times more strongly associated with living than dying tree growth and 12 times more strongly associated with biomass growth than mortality. These differences suggest that NDVI may inadequately detect insect-driven dieback and dispersed mortality of aspen across the boreal biome. Our findings reveal that a historic drought triggered a multi-decadal growth decline that predisposed aspen to mortality during the leaf miner outbreak and that while aspen growth is influenced by moisture and temperature, it is more strongly affected by P. populiella. We conclude that as the climate warms and insect outbreaks increase in frequency and magnitude at high latitudes, we should expect to see persistent and greater declines in aspen growth and increases in mortality.
description: This data file contains raw ring-width chronologies of individual trees that died (dying) and survived (living) an insect oubreak of Phyllocnistis populiella (outbreak period: 1997-2013) in Interior Alaska.  Living trees have ring-width measurements up to 2015 and the tree names are preceded by TA whereas dying tree ring-width measurements end in 1997-2013 and the tree names are preceded by TM. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22
DOI: 10.25921/j64f-2990
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Suwannee River, Florida 500 Year Streamflow Reconstruction

description: Understanding the long-term natural flow regime of rivers enables resource managers to more accurately model water level variability. Models for managing water resources are important in Florida where population increase is escalating demand on water resources and infrastructure. The Suwannee River is the second largest river system in Florida and the least impacted by anthropogenic disturbance. We used new and existing tree-ring chronologies from multiple species to reconstruct mean March-October discharge for the Suwannee River during the period 1550-2005 CE and place the short period of instrumental flows (since 1927 CE) into historical context. We used a nested principal components regression method to maximize the use of chronologies with varying time coverage in the network. Modeled streamflow estimates indicated that instrumental period flow conditions do not adequately capture the full range of Suwannee River flow variability beyond the observational period. Although extreme dry and wet events occurred in the gage record, pluvials and droughts that eclipse the intensity and duration of instrumental events occurred during the 16-19th centuries. The most prolonged and severe dry conditions during the past 450 years occurred during the 1560s CE. In this prolonged drought period mean flow was estimated at 17% of the mean instrumental period flow. Significant peaks in spectral density at 2-7, 10, 45, and 85-year periodicities indicated the important influence of coupled oceanic-atmospheric processes on Suwannee River streamflow over the past four centuries, though the strength of these periodicities varied over time. Future water planning based on current flow expectations could prove devastating to natural and human systems if a prolonged and severe drought mirroring the 16th and 18th century events occurred. Future work in the region will focus on updating existing tree-ring chronologies and developing new collections from moisture-sensitive sites to improve understandings of past hydroclimate in the region.
description: Tree-ring based streamflow reconstruction for the Suwannee River, north-central Florida, USA, for 1525-2005 CE
DOI: 10.25921/jvf9-jt79
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest - CYOV - ITRDB IN043

description: Our understanding of the natural variability of hydroclimate before the instrumental period (ca. 1900 CE in the United States) is largely dependent on tree-ring-based reconstructions. Large-scale soil moisture reconstructions from a network of tree-ring chronologies have greatly improved our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability in hydroclimate conditions, particularly extremes of both drought and pluvial (wet) events. However, certain regions within these large-scale network reconstructions in the US are modeled by few tree-ring chronologies. Further, many of the chronologies currently publicly available on the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) were collected in the 1980s and 1990s, and thus our understanding of the sensitivity of radial growth to soil moisture in the US is based on a period that experienced multiple extremely severe droughts and neglects the impacts of recent, rapid global change. In this study, we expanded the tree-ring network of the Ohio River valley in the US, a region with sparse coverage. We used a total of 72 chronologies across 15 species to examine how increasing the density of the tree-ring network influences the representation of reconstructing the Palmer Meteorological Drought Index (PMDI). Further, we tested how the sampling date and therefore the calibration period influenced the reconstruction models by creating reconstructions that ended in the year 1980 and compared them to reconstructions ending in 2010 from the same chronologies. We found that increasing the density of the tree-ring network resulted in reconstructed values that better matched the spatial variability of instrumentally recorded droughts and, to a lesser extent, pluvials. By extending the calibration period to 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to PMDI decreased in the southern portion of our region where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades. We emphasize the need of building a high-density tree-ring network to better represent the spatial variability of past droughts and pluvials. Further, chronologies on the ITRDB need updating regularly to better understand how the sensitivity of tree rings to climate may vary through time.
description: Density of tree-ring network influence on drought reconstruction NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/j4k0-tq50
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - Green Swamp - PIPA - ITRDB NC032

description: The impacts of inland flooding caused by tropical cyclones (TCs), including loss of life, infrastructure disruption, and alteration of natural landscapes, have increased over recent decades. While these impacts are well documented, changes in TC precipitation extremes—the proximate cause of such inland flooding—have been more difficult to detect. Here, we present a latewood tree-ring–based record of seasonal (June 1 through October 15) TC precipitation sums (ΣTCP) from the region in North America that receives the most ΣTCP: coastal North and South Carolina. Our 319-y-long ΣTCP reconstruction reveals that ΣTCP extremes (≥0.95 quantile) have increased by 2 to 4 mm/decade since 1700 CE, with most of the increase occurring in the last 60 y. Consistent with the hypothesis that TCs are moving slower under anthropogenic climate change, we show that seasonal ΣTCP along the US East Coast are positively related to seasonal average TC duration and TC translation speed.
description: Reconstructing tropical cyclone precipitation. Data include total ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.