cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xd2547dj8
title: Data set for combined influence of food availability and agricultural intensification on a declining aerial insectivore

description: Aerial insectivores show worldwide population declines coinciding with
 shifts in agricultural practices. Increasing reliance on certain
 agricultural practices is thought to have led to an overall reduction in
 insect abundance that negatively affects aerial insectivore fitness. The
 relationship between prey availability and the fitness of insectivores may
 thus vary with the extent of agricultural intensity. It is therefore
 imperative to quantify the strength and direction of these associations.
 Here we used data from an 11-year study monitoring the breeding of Tree
 Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and the availability of Diptera (their main
 prey) across a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern
 Québec, Canada. This gradient was characterized by a shift in agricultural
 production, whereby landscapes composed of forage and pastures represented
 less agro-intensive landscapes and those focusing on large-scale arable
 row crop monocultures, such as corn (Zea mays) or soybean (Glycine max)
 that are innately associated with significant mechanization and
 agro-chemical inputs, represented more agro-intensive landscapes. We
 evaluated the landscape characteristics affecting prey availability, and
 how this relationship influences the fledging success, duration of the
 nestling period, fledgling body mass, and wing length as these variables
 are known to influence the population dynamics of this species. Diptera
 availability was greatest within predominately forested landscapes, while
 within landscapes dominated by agriculture, it was marginally greater in
 less agro-intensive areas. Of the measured fitness and body condition
 proxies, both fledging success and nestling body mass were positively
 related to prey availability. The impact of prey availability varied
 across the agricultural gradient as fledging success improved with
 increasing prey levels within forage landscapes yet declined in more
 agro-intensive landscapes. Finally, after accounting for prey
 availability, fledging success was lowest, nestling periods were the
 longest, and wing length of fledglings were shortest within more
 agro-intensive landscapes. Our results highlight the interacting roles
 that aerial insect availability and agricultural intensification have on
 the fitness of aerial insectivores, and by extension how food availability
 may interact with other aspects of breeding habitats to influence the
 population dynamics of predators.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zw9m
title: Data from: Corn stover removal responses on soil test P and K levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols

description: This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript,
 Corn stover removal responses on soil test P and K levels in Coastal Plain
 Ultisols, in Sustainability. 2021. 13:4401. Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is
 used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates
 for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may
 have consequences on plant available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)
 concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impact on
 soil P and K concentrations in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. Five
 stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent by weight) were
 removed for five years (2008 to 2012) from replicated plots on highly
 weathered, toposequential Coastal Plain Ultisols. Grain and stover mass
 with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal.
 Mehlich 1 (M1) extractable P and K concentrations and bulk density were
 used to monitor changes within the soil.
description: Methods are described in
 the manuscript https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084401
description: Descriptions corresponding to each data table in the manuscript
 are placed on separate tabs in the Excel file to clarify abbreviations and
 summarize the data headings and units.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5hs
title: Data for: Negative effects of agricultural intensification on the food provisioning rate of a declining aerial insectivore

description: The historical rise of intensive agricultural practices is hypothesized to
 be related to declines of grassland and aerial insectivorous birds.
 Drivers of declines may also influence the overall abundance and spatial
 distribution of insects within agricultural landscapes. Subsequently, the
 food provisioning rate of birds breeding within more agro-intensive
 landscapes may be impacted. Lower provisioning rates in agro-intensive
 landscapes may lead to reduced growth rate, body condition or fledging
 success of nestlings but also to diminished body condition of food
 provisioning adults. Results from a previous study supported this
 hypothesis as the fledging success and proxies of nestling body condition
 were lowest for an aerial insectivore breeding in more agro intensive
 landscapes. Of the multiple hypotheses put forward to explain these
 correlations, one mechanism may act through variation in food provisioning
 rates. In this study, we expounded on this hypothesis using data derived
 from the aforementioned study system and assessed if provisioning rates to
 nestlings and food provisioning behavior of adults varied across a
 gradient of agricultural intensification in a declining aerial
 insectivore, the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). We found that the
 hourly provisioning rate was lower in agro-intensive landscapes, and yet
 travel distances were longest within less agro-intensive landscapes. Our
 results highlight that, in order to maximize long term average gain rates,
 Tree Swallows breeding within agro-intensive landscapes must forage with
 greater intensity, perhaps at a cost to themselves, or else costs will
 transfer to growing broods. Our work provides further evidence that
 agricultural intensification on the breeding grounds can contribute to the
 declines of aerial insectivores in part through a trophic pathway.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2g0p
title: Desert lizard diversity worldwide: Effects of environment, time, and evolutionary rate

description: Aim: Biodiversity is not uniformly distributed across the Earth's
 surface, even among physiographically comparable biomes in different
 biogeographic regions. For lizards, the world's large desert regions
 are characterized by extreme heterogeneity in species richness, spanning
 some of the most species-rich (arid Australia) and species-poor (central
 Asia) biomes overall. Regional differences in species diversity may arise
 as a consequence of the interplay of several factors (e.g., evolutionary
 time, diversification rate, environment), but their relative importance
 for biogeographic patterns remains poorly known. Here we use
 distributional and phylogenetic data to assess the evolutionary and
 ecological drivers of large-scale variation in desert lizard diversity.
 Location: Deserts worldwide. Major taxa studied: Lizards (non-snake
 squamates). Methods: We specifically test whether diversity patterns are
 best explained by differences in the ages of arid-adapted lineages
 (evolutionary time hypothesis), by regional variation in speciation rate,
 by geographic area of the arid systems, and by spatial variation related
 to the environment (climate, topography, and productivity). Results: We
 found no effect of recent speciation rate and geographic area on
 differences in desert lizard diversity. We demonstrate that the extreme
 species richness of the Australian deserts cannot be explained by greater
 evolutionary time, because species began accumulating more recently there
 than in more species-poor arid regions. We found limited support for
 relationships between regional lizard richness and environmental
 variables, but these effects were inconsistent across deserts, showing a
 differential role of the environment in shaping the lizard diversity in
 different arid regions. Main conclusions: Our results provide evidence
 against several classic hypotheses for interregional variation in species
 richness, but also highlight the complexity of processes underlying
 vertebrate community richness in the world's great arid systems.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7h44j0zvw
title: The extinct shark Otodus megalodon was a transoceanic super-predator: Inferences from 3D modelling

description: Although shark teeth are abundant in the fossil record, their bodies are
 rarely preserved. Thus, our understanding of the anatomy of the
 extinct Otodus megalodon remains rudimentary. We used an
 exceptionally preserved fossil to create the first 3D model of the body of
 this giant shark and used it to infer its movement and feeding ecology. We
 estimate that an adult O. megalodon could cruise at
 faster absolute speeds than any shark species today, and fully consume
 prey the size of modern apex predators (e.g., the killer whale). A dietary
 preference for large prey potentially enabled O.
 megalodon to minimize competition and provided a constant source
 of energy to fuel prolonged migrations without further feeding. When taken
 together, our results suggest that O. megalodon played a
 singular ecological role as a transoceanic super-predator. As such, its
 extinction likely had large impacts on global nutrient transfer and
 trophic food webs.
description: The tutorial was recorded while the model was being made in
 Blender. Collection of Data S1-S5 is described in the README
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v3x
title: Data from: Parent-offspring conflict and its outcome under uni-and biparental care

description: Conflicts over parental investment are predicted to be common among family
 members, especially between parents and their offspring. Parent–offspring
 conflict has been studied in many brood-caring organisms, but whether its
 outcome is closer to the parental or offspring optimum is usually unknown,
 as is whether the presence of a second parent, a caring male partner, can
 affect the outcome. Here, we manipulated the initial brood size of single
 and paired female burying beetles to examine how many offspring are
 necessary to maintain parental care in the current brood. We found that
 mothers continued to invest in small broods even if their reproductive
 output would have been higher if they had discontinued their care and
 produced a second brood instead. Consequently, our data suggests that the
 offspring have the upper hand in the conflict. However, our results
 further show that paired females laid a second egg clutch more often and
 produced more offspring than single females, suggesting that the presence
 of a male partner shifts the conflict outcome towards the parental
 optimum. This latter result not only is a novel aspect of parent–offspring
 theory, but also represents an additional factor that might explain the
 evolution of biparental care.
description: This excel file contains data from the laboratory described in
 the article. Please check the README file for further
 details regarding the individual columns. The two sheets in the
 Excel-file contain the datasets for the two experiments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rr4xgxd9s
title: DNA sequence data use in phylogenetic analysis of eastern North American stitchworts

description: Generic delimitation in Caryophyllaceae has been a challenge, and has been
 informed most recently by use of molecular phylogenetic data. In this
 study, analysis of 29 samples from the small segregate Mononeuria using
 nuclear ITS and plastid rps16 data revealed it to be polyphyletic. The
 type species Mononeuria patula as well as two others (M. muscorum and M.
 paludicola) were shown to belong to the Sabulina clade. The remaining
 species formed a clade that also included the previously monotypic
 Geocarpon and was sister to a heterogeneous group that included the
 Hawaiian Schiedea and three other monotypic genera, Honckenya, Wilhelmsia,
 and Triplateia. Although several nomenclatural options are available, we
 propose to place the species from this clade into a single genus,
 Geocarpon, which basically follows the most recent treatment after
 exclusion of Sabulina species, but with the necessary new genus
 placements. New combinations are proposed: Sabulina muscorum, Sabulina
 paludicola, Geocarpon carolinianum, Geocarpon cumberlandensis, Geocarpon
 glabrum, Geocarpon groendlandicum, Geocarpon nuttallii, and Geocarpon
 uniflorum. Analysis of the sequence data revealed remarkable variability
 among populations of Sabulina (formerly Mononeuria) patula, Sabulina
 (formerly Mononeuria) paludicola, and Geocarpon (formerly Mononeuria)
 groenlandicum, suggesting that cryptic species may be present. The data
 also suggested that broader sampling of Sabulina and Geocarpon could lead
 to increased understanding of the timing and origins of occupation of
 calcareous glades and rock outcrop habitats in eastern North America.
description: New sequences from Sanger sequencing; previously obtained
 sequences downloaded from GenBank.
description: A few samples lack data for the rps16 intron.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cv9jju
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 319 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Tarucus nara"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 319 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003039-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4ch
title: Data from: Evaluating temporal and spatial transferability of a tidal inundation model for foraging waterbirds

description: For ecosystem models to be applicable outside their context of
 development, temporal and spatial transferability must be demonstrated.
 This presents a challenge for modeling intertidal ecosystems where
 spatiotemporal variation arises at multiple scales. Models specializing in
 tidal dynamics are generally inhibited from having wider ecological
 applications by coarse spatiotemporal resolution or high user competency.
 The Tidal Inundation Model of Shallow-water Availability (TiMSA) uniquely
 simulates tides to empirically derive a time-integrated measure of
 availability for a shallow water depth range defined by the user. To
 evaluate temporal and spatiotemporal transferability, we employed TiMSA at
 the development site in the Florida Keys and at novel sub-sites in the
 Florida Bay (application site) under a different time period (application
 period). We used foraging Little Blue Herons (Egretta caerulea) as the
 ecological unit with which to constrain the model’s ‘water depth window’,
 i.e., range of water depths to estimate shallow-water availability. At the
 development site, temporally consistent water depth windows contrasted
 with interannual variation in shallow-water availability which revealed
 short-term changes in Little Blue Heron foraging habitat. At the
 application site, water depth accuracy varied by sub-site and was
 correlated with spatial error in bathymetric elevation. Although TiMSA
 parameters were sensitive to environmental temporal variation and
 uncertainty in spatial data, a spatially-explicit water depth window
 generated reliable estimates of shallow-water conditions over space and
 time at the development and application sites. By exploring the
 contributing factors to model error, we provide solutions to reduce
 uncertainty of TiMSA parameters at potential application sites and
 recommendations for addressing bathymetric inaccuracy in digital elevation
 models. Accurately quantifying spatiotemporal changes of shallow-water has
 implications for monitoring habitat conditions for tidally-influenced
 species and projecting future changes to coastal ecosystems in response to
 anthropogenic stressors and natural disturbances such as sea level rise.
description: The dataset contains three compressed folders. DataS1.7Z contains
 files to perform a temporal transfer of the Tidal Inundation Model of
 Shallow-water Availability (TiMSA) at the development site, Great White
 Heron National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA. DataS2.7Z contains files to
 perform a spatiotemporal transfer of TiMSA at the application site,
 Florida Bay, Florida, USA. DataS3.7Z contains the file to evaluate the
 accuracy of TiMSA at the Florida Bay application site. The data files are
 in .ASC and .CSV formats. Please refer to the README file specified for
 each folder which describe the contents of the data files in
 detail.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86gg
title: Demonstration of local adaptation in maize landraces by reciprocal transplantation

description: Populations are locally adapted when they exhibit higher fitness than
 foreign populations in their native habitat. Maize landrace adaptations to
 highland and lowland conditions are of interest to researchers and
 breeders. To determine the prevalence and strength of local adaptation in
 maize landraces, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment across an
 elevational gradient in Mexico. We grew 120 landraces, grouped into four
 populations (Mexican Highland, Mexican Lowland, South American Highland,
 South American Lowland), in Mexican highland and lowland common gardens
 and collected phenotypes relevant to fitness and known highland-adaptive
 traits such as anthocyanin pigmentation and macrohair density. 67k DArTseq
 markers were generated from field specimens to allow comparison between
 phenotypic patterns and population genetic structure. We found phenotypic
 patterns consistent with local adaptation, though these patterns differ
 between the Mexican and South American populations. Quantitative trait
 differentiation (QST) was greater than neutral allele frequency
 differentiation (FST) for many traits, signaling directional selection
 between pairs of populations. All populations exhibited higher fitness
 metric values when grown at their native elevation, and Mexican landraces
 had higher fitness than South American landraces when grown in these
 Mexican sites. As environmental distance between landraces' native
 collection sites and common garden sites increased, fitness values
 dropped, suggesting landraces are adapted to environmental conditions at
 their natal sites. Correlations between fitness and anthocyanin
 pigmentation and macrohair traits are stronger in the highland site than
 the lowland site, supporting their status as highland-adaptive. These
 results give substance to the long-held presumption of local adaptation of
 New World maize landraces to elevation and other environmental variables
 across North and South America.
description: Phenotypic collection methods are detailed in the related
 publication.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tdz08kq1q
title: Data for: Sexual dichromatism may not be a good index of sexual or natural selection in the blue cardinalids (Aves: Passeriformes).

description: More than a century ago, Darwin and Wallace started a still ongoing debate
 over which are the predominant forces driving sexual dichromatism (i.e.,
 differences in body coloration between males and females): is it sexual
 selection on males to become more attractive, or is it natural selection
 on females to become more cryptic? While these are not mutually exclusive,
 the degree of sexual dichromatism has been extensively used as a proxy of
 the intensity of one type of selection (sexual) on one of the sexes
 (males). Here, we evaluated the relationship between sexual dichromatism
 and two body-color features that can be under natural and/or sexual
 selection in each sex: conspicuousness against the background and
 colorfulness (which we defined as the variety of colors and mechanisms to
 produce them within an individual’s plumage). We focused on the ‘blue
 clade’ of the Cardinalidae bird family and considered the properties of
 their own visual system and those of potential raptor predators. We found
 that all blue cardinalids are sexually dichromatic, but levels of
 dichromatism vary within the clade. Males are on average more colorful
 than females, but neither male nor female colorfulness correlates with
 sexual dichromatism. Males are not more conspicuous than females against a
 vegetated background but are significantly more conspicuous against a
 nesting background than females. Yet, we found no correlation between
 conspicuousness and degree of sexual dichromatism. Our results suggest
 that, while both natural and sexual selection can drive color differences
 between the sexes, levels of sexual dichromatism do not necessarily
 reflect intensity of selection forces in this clade. Our results highlight
 the importance of testing assumptions regarding the relationship between
 sexual dichromatism and color evolution in each sex, considering the
 properties of different visual systems, relevant to the ecology of the
 study model.
description: All the original reflectance spectra data obtained by NCG for
 this study are available here. Original background reflectance spectra
 data were obtained from NASA (https://speclib.jpl.nasa.gov/). We provide
 the absolute quantum catches at each photoreceptor we calculated for each
 background as .Rdata files (bkg_vismodel_UV.Rdata and
 bkg_vismodel_V.Rdata). R scripts ran to obtain all the results reported in
 the main text and those reported in the supplementary materials of the
 paper are available as well.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt44
title: Spartina patens surveys of flowering density at marsh-forest ecotone

description: Climate change is driving abiotic shifts that can threaten the
 conservation of foundation species and the habitats they support. Range
 shifts are one mechanism of escape, but this requires successful
 colonization of habitats where interspecific interactions may differ from
 those to which a species has adapted. For plants with multiple
 reproductive strategies, these range-edge interactions may alter the
 investment or allocation towards a given reproductive strategy. In this
 study, we quantify sexual reproduction of the clonal marsh grass Spartina
 patens across an inland colonization front into maritime forest being
 driven by sea-level rise. We find that flowering is variable across S.
 patens meadows, but consistently reduced under low light conditions like
 those of the forest understory. Observational surveys of S. patens
 flowering at four sites in the Delmarva Peninsula agreed with the results
 of two experimental manipulations of light availability (shading
 experiment in S. patens-dominated marsh and a forest dieback
 manipulation). These three approaches pinpointed light limitation as a
 principal control on S. patens flowering capacity, suggesting that light
 competition with taller upland species can suppress S. patens flowering
 along its upland migration front. Consequently, all propagation in shaded
 conditions must occur clonally or via seeds from the marsh, a reproductive
 restriction that could limit the potential for local adaptation and reduce
 genetic diversity. Future research is needed to determine if the lack of
 flowering is the result of a tradeoff between sexual and clonal
 reproduction or if it results from insufficient photosynthetic products
 needed to achieve either reproductive method.