DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzg1
title: Data for: Effects of short-term managed honey bee deployment in a native ecosystem on wild bee foraging and plant-pollinator networks

description: Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are important agricultural pollinators, and
 there is increasing demand for forage habitat for managed colonies.
 However, there is also evidence that pasturing honey bee colonies within
 natural landscapes may negatively affect wild bees through resource
 competition. To assess resource competition between managed honey bees and
 wild bees, we conducted repeated, short-term deployments of honey bee
 colonies within Florida forests coinciding with seasonal wildflower bloom,
 and compared wild bee foraging with and without honey bee colonies present
 over multiple seasons. We recorded over 2,000 bee visits including 196
 pairwise bee-plant interactions. Deploying honey bee colonies was
 associated with a reduction in wild bee foraging rates, and honey bee and
 wild bee foraging rates were significantly, negatively correlated. Honey
 bees disproportionately visited resources with high floral density. Honey
 bee foraging preferences differed significantly from genera with
 small-bodied (Lasioglossum, Perdita, Augochlorella), and/or specialist
 species (Perdita, Andrena), as well as with Megachile, but overlapped with
 genera including larger-bodied (Bombus, Habropoda, Osmia, Xylocopa) and/or
 generalist species (Bombus, Xylocopa, Agapostemon). Deploying honey bee
 colonies did not significantly affect plant-pollinator network metrics.
 These results illustrate that short-term honey bee colony deployment can
 negatively affect wild bee foraging and that competition may be greater
 for certain genera, particularly larger-bodied bees or those with
 generalist diets though less for smaller-bodied and/or specialist bees.
 Our short-term, low-density deployment treatments may have precluded
 significant effects on network metrics, and likely underestimate the
 effects of typical higher density and longer-term honey bee deployment.
description: One location was selected for the deployment of honey bee
 colonies at two forest sites, ACF and GSF, and six 50
 m<sup>2</sup> observation plots (2 m x 25 m) were
 systematically chosen at 250 m increments along each of two 1.25 km long
 transects running away from the honey bee deployment location for a total
 of 12 plots per forest and 24 plots total.  The study
 was repeated four times during fall 2018 (late Sept. – Nov., site ACF
 only), spring 2019 (early March – April, both sites), summer 2019 (early
 June – July, both sites), and fall 2019 (early Oct. – Nov., both sites).
 Sampling in each season was done during peaks of local wildflower
 abundance for a period of ~ 6 weeks. During each season, each plot was
 visited on three separate observation days before honey bee colonies were
 deployed. After deployment and a minimum 48-hour acclimation period, we
 resumed observations for a total of six observation days per plot while
 honey bees were deployed. After removing the colonies from both ACF and
 GSF sites and another 48-hour acclimation period, we conducted three
 additional observations in each plot. At the end of each temporal
 replication, we had visited each plot a total of six times without, and
 six times with, honey bee treatment colonies present.  Plots were visited at each site between
 the hours of 09:30 - 14:00 to capture highest estimated peak bee activity.
 We alternated the visitation sequence of plots at each forest site across
 observation days. We used the scan sampling protocol to record
 plant-pollination interactions within each plot (Vaissière <em>et
 al.,</em> 2011). In this protocol, each flower is briefly but fully
 scanned; thus, total sampling time varies with total flower density but
 each flower is observed for a standardized amount of time (~1 second). For
 each bee encountered foraging on a flower, we recorded the plant type to
 the lowest possible taxonomic level. We then captured each wild bee
 observed with a standard entomological aerial net for taxonomic
 identification with the exception of bees that could be visually
 identified to species in the field. In cases where the bee specimen was
 neither successfully collected nor identified to species, we recorded the
 bee to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Sampling was only conducted
 during at least partial sun and temperatures above 15º C. Specimens were
 frozen for further identification and initially identified by R.E.
 Mallinger using Discover Life, a key to bees of Florida, USA (Pascarella
 and Hall 2006), and a reference collection of specimens from the same
 region identified by bee taxonomist John S. Ascher and entomologist Glenn
 Hall. Subsequent confirmation and identification of select bees was
 conducted by John S. Ascher including species of
 <em>Lasioglossum</em> (<em>Dialictus</em>)
 (identified with reference to the revision by Gibbs, 2011),
 <em>Perdita</em>, and <em>Hylaeus</em>. Voucher
 specimens are stored in the laboratory of Dr. Rachel Mallinger.
 Additionally, for each plant
 species in bloom within plots, the observer counted the number of
 inflorescences, recorded inflorescence type (“raceme”, “panicle”,
 “composite”, etc.), and identified the flowering plant to the lowest
 possible taxonomic level using available plant lists for each site, local
 plant guides, and research-grade (i.e. validated by two identifiers)
 identifications of photographs posted to iNaturalist. 
description: Microsoft Excel and Word
description: # Data for: Effects of short-term managed honey bee deployment in a native
 ecosystem on wild bee foraging and plant-pollinator networks Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzg1](10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzg1) ## Description of the
 data and file structure Data was collected on honey bee and wild bee
 visitation rates to wildflowers at two forest sites, ACF and GSF, across
 three time periods including before, during, and after honey bee
 deployment (with and without honey bees). At each forest site, ACF and
 GSF, and six 50 m2 observation plots (2 m x 25 m) were systematically
 chosen at 250 m increments along each of two 1.25 km long transects
 running away from the honey bee deployment location for a total of 12
 plots per forest and 24 plots total. Honey bee colony deployment consisted
 of four standard Langstroth 10-frame, queen-right honey bee colonies at
 each forest. The study was repeated four times during fall 2018 (late
 Sept. – Nov., site ACF only), spring 2019 (early March – April, both
 sites), summer 2019 (early June – July, both sites), and fall 2019 (early
 Oct. – Nov., both sites). During each season, each plot was visited on
 three separate observation days before honey bee colonies were deployed,
 six observation days while honey bees were deployed, and three additional
 observation days after deployment. At the end of each season (temporal
 replication), we had visited each plot a total of six times without, and
 six times with, honey bee treatment colonies present. ### Files and
 variables #### File: CompiledDataforAnalysis\_forDryad.csv
 **Description:** Data used for analyses on wild bee visitation rates in
 the presence and absence of honey bees ##### Variables * Season: Season of
 observation including Fall of 2018 (Fall18), Spring of 2019 (Spring 19),
 Summer of 2019 (Summer19) and Fall of 2019 (Fall19) * Date: Date of
 observation as Month/Day/Year * SiteID: Study site including Austin Cary
 Memorial Forest (ACF) and Goethe State Forest (GSF) * PlotID: Unique ID
 for each plot within each of the 2 sites above * FlowerDensity: Total
 number of inflorescences per plot per sampling day * Flowerrichness: Total
 number of plant species in flower per plot per sampling day *
 HoneyBeeVisits: Total number of honey bees observed within the plot and
 during the observation period * WildBeeVisits: Total number of wild bees
 observed within the plot and during the observation period      *
 Treatment: Treatment including before honey bees were deployed (pre),
 during honey bee deployment (apis), and post honey bee deployment (post) *
 ManagedHoneyBeePresence: Whether or not managed honey bees were deployed
 including during deployment (yes) and outside of deployment (no). Outside
 of deployment includes both “pre” and “post” treatments while during
 deployment includes the treatment “apis” #### File:
 WildBeeSpecimenInformation\_forDryad.csv **Description:** Identification
 of all wild bees observed or collected from flowering plants within all
 plots and sites and across all seasons. Identifications were done by J.R.
 Weaver, R.E. Mallinger, and J.S. Ascher. ##### Variables * Observation_ID:
 Unique ID number assigned to observation of each plant species in bloom.
 This number is the same as in the file “ObservationData_forDryad” *
 CollectedBeeSpecimenUniqueID: Unique ID for each wild bee specimen
 collected from a plant species in bloom within the plot and during the
 observation period. NA means a specimen was not collected because the bee
 was identified in the field. This number is the same as in the file
 “ObservationData_forDryad” * BeeFamily: Taxonomic family * BeeGenus:
 Taxonomic genus * BeeSpecies: Taxonomic species * BeeScientificName: Latin
 name to species level, or, if not possible to get a species ID (when
 specimens were unable to be collected but instead were IDed in the field),
 to the lowest taxonomic level possible #### File:
 ObservationData\_forDryad.csv **Description:** Data collected during
 observations of all plots at all sites and across all seasons including
 data on plant species in flower, flower density, and the number of honey
 bees and wild bees found on flowers. ##### Variables * Season: Season of
 observation including Fall of 2018 (Fall18), Spring of 2019 (Spring 19),
 Summer of 2019 (Summer19) and Fall of 2019 (Fall19) * Date: Date of
 observation as Month/Day/Year - Observer: Initials of Observer * SiteID:
 Study site including Austin Cary Memorial Forest (ACF) and Goethe State
 Forest (GSF) - PlotID: Unique ID for each plot within each of the 2 sites
 above * Time: Time of observation (military time) - Treatment: Treatment
 including before honey bees were deployed (pre), during honey bee
 deployment (apis), and post honey bee deployment (post) *
  ManagedHoneyBeePresence: Whether or not managed honey bees were deployed
 including during deployment (yes) and outside of deployment (no). Outside
 of deployment includes both “pre” and “post” treatments while during
 deployment includes the treatment “apis” - Observation_ID: Unique ID
 number assigned to observation of each plant species in bloom *
 PlantSpecies: Latin name for plant species in bloom          -
 NumberInflorescences: Number of inflorescences present for each plant
 species in bloom within the plot               * NumberHoneyBeesObserved:
 Number of honey bees observed on each plant species in bloom within the
 plot and during the observation period - NumberOfWildBeesObserved: Number
 of wild bees observed on each plant species in bloom within the plot and
 during the observation period    * CollectedBeeSpecimenUniqueID: Unique ID
 for each wild bee specimen collected from a plant species in bloom within
 the plot and during the observation period. NA means no specimens were
 collected from that plant species in bloom either because they were
 identified to species in the field or because collection was not possible.
 #### ## Code/software Microsoft Excel ## Access information Other publicly
 accessible locations of the data: * NA Data was derived from the following
 sources: * NA