cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1424
title: Gas chromatography of gas samples of the KTB main hole HB1a

description: The main objective of this drilling fluid analysis was the detection of inflows of formation fluids. Therefore different gases dissolved in the drilling mud were measured continuously and automatically at drill site with three different methodes (Fig.: KTB-Report 92-2 page C13). The operation principles of the mass spectrometer and the gaschromatograph have been explained by STROH et al. (1988) and FIGGEMEIER et al. (1991). The principle of radon determination is published by ERZINGER et al. (1992).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1395
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1a (measured data)

description: In the KTB field laboratory, thermal conductivity was measured on cuttings material in depth intervals of 10 m and on available drill core material. The results on drill cores give anisotropy information. In general, the maximum thermal conductivity is measured parallel to the strike of foliation and the minimum thermal conductivity perpendicular to that direction. Approximately 250 g of cuttings of the fraction &lt; 2 mm grain are mixed with water. This mixture of cuttings and water is measured (for more details see Pribnow et al. 1992 or Pribnow 1994). This measurement yields the geometric mean of the thermal conductivities in a two-phase mixture model.
By measuring the weights of the dry cuttings and the mixture of cuttings and water, PHI is determined knowing the density of the cuttings and water (PHI = 32 %). Usually, the arithmetic mean value from 7 repeating measurements is used.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1158
title: Raw pollen data from kasten core CON01-603-5 part2 (counts)

description: Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1406
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1 (measured data)

description: The thermal conductivity on cores is measured in two steps (see Pribnow 1994). First, one face end of the core is sawed and polished. The half space line source is pressed against this preparated face (without further contact medium like water) by a computerized device. The position of the heat source is varied in 15 degree intervals around one semicircle. At each position, 3 repeating measurements are performed. The line source azimuth of the lowest measured thermal conductivity is the strike of the foliation plane. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity is maximal parallel to that direction. This apparent paradox can be explained by the experimental method, because the measurement plane is perpendicular to the orientation of the line source (Pribnow 1994).In a second step a calotte plane perpendicular to the strike of foliation is prepared. A second series of thermal conductivity measurements in 15 degree intervals ...
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1423
title: Gas chromatography of gas samples of the KTB main hole HB1

description: The main objective of this drilling fluid analysis was the detection of inflows of formation fluids. Therefore different gases dissolved in the drilling mud were measured continuously and automatically at drill site with three different methodes (Fig.: KTB-Report 92-2 page C13). The operation principles of the mass spectrometer and the gaschromatograph have been explained by STROH et al. (1988) and FIGGEMEIER et al. (1991). The principle of radon determination is published by ERZINGER et al. (1992).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30862451.v4
title: <b>Demographic Dataset of 507 Student Research Participants on </b><b>Sexual Orientation, Policy Awareness and Identity Politics among University Students in Nigeria</b>

description: <b>Description of the Dataset</b>The dataset consists of responses from 507 undergraduate students drawn from six universities in Southeast Nigeria, representing both public and private institutions. The dataset includes demographic variables—gender, age, academic level, and university type—as well as thematic variables aligned with the study’s four major research questions. These thematic variables were measured using Likert-scale questionnaire items (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree) and were later categorized into meaningful groups (e.g., high vs. low conservatism, high vs. low concealment, high vs. low policy awareness, and high vs. low coping). The dataset captures students’ levels of cultural and religious conservatism, attitudes toward LGBTQ+ acceptance, identity negotiation and concealment, awareness of national LGBTQ-related policies, and the use of psychoanalytic coping mechanisms such as repression, denial, and displacement. Additional variables document experiences of stigma and discrimination, which were used to examine associations between campus environment and coping patterns.The dataset is structured in rows and columns, with each row representing an individual participant and each column representing a variable. Derived variables, such as categorical groups for chi-square analyses, were computed from the Likert-scale items. The dataset supports both descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, percentages, means) and inferential statistics, including multiple chi-square tests of independence used to test four hypotheses. Notably, the dataset provides a comprehensive empirical foundation for analyzing sexual orientation, policy awareness, campus stigma, and identity politics within Nigerian universities.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1288
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1i

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1394
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1 (measured data)

description: In the KTB field laboratory, thermal conductivity was measured on cuttings material in depth intervals of 10 m and on available drill core material. The results on drill cores give anisotropy information. In general, the maximum thermal conductivity is measured parallel to the strike of foliation and the minimum thermal conductivity perpendicular to that direction. Approximately 250 g of cuttings of the fraction &lt; 2 mm grain are mixed with water. This mixture of cuttings and water is measured (for more details see Pribnow et al. 1992 or Pribnow 1994). This measurement yields the geometric mean of the thermal conductivities in a two-phase mixture model.
By measuring the weights of the dry cuttings and the mixture of cuttings and water, PHI is determined knowing the density of the cuttings and water (PHI = 32 %). Usually, the arithmetic mean value from 7 repeating measurements is used.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1287
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1h

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1353
title: Permeability of Mini Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1a

description: In the KTB field laboratory, porosity, internal surface and permeability were determined on identical mini cores with 25.4 mm in diameter and approximately 50 mm in length. These samples were drilled either axial or radial with respect to the drill core, or parallel or perpendicular with respect to the foliation. In the KTB field laboratory, the stationary sArcy method was used with nitrogen gas as the streaming medium. The measurements were made at a constant confining pressure of 5 MPa to 6.5 MPa. The nitrogen pressure gradient was up to 2 MPa at the inflow side minus atmospheric pressure at the outflow side of the sample. Because of the low pore pressures during the measurements (max 2 MPa) the data had to be corrected for the effect of gas friction along the matrix wall, the so called Klinkenberg effect (Huenges et al. 1990). Further details, regarding equipment and evaluation are given by Pusch et al. (1986).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1332
title: Natural Gamma-ray Activity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1h (measurements with Germanium detector only)

description: In the laboratory, the gamma radiation is measured by a sodium iodtite (NaI) scintillation detector (cores and cuttings) and by a germanium (Ge) semiconductor detector (cuttings).The cuttings are measured in air tight Marinelli-beakers with a volume of 250 cm3. For the core measurements a special, automatically operating equipment with three NaI detectors is used. A description of this apparatus is given in Wienand et al. (1989). The principle of measurements with the Ge-detector is described by Bücker et al. (1991). The measured spectra are calibrated by a standard of Luvarovite (NIM-L, South African Bureau of Standards). The influence of the local terrestrial radiation on the measurements has been corrected. Especially for the core measurements a calibration procedure has been performed for geometric corrections (core diameter and length). In general, a measuring time of 12 h for the NaI-detector and 2 h for the Ge-detector was chosen.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1338
title: Natural Gamma-ray Activity of Cores of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a

description: In the laboratory, the gamma radiation is measured by a sodium iodtite (NaI) scintillation detector (cores and cuttings) and by a germanium (Ge) semiconductor detector (cuttings).
The cuttings are measured in air tight Marinelli-beakers with a volume of 250 cm3. For the core measurements a special, automatically operating equipment with three NaI detectors is used. A description of this apparatus is given in Wienand et al. (1989). The principle of measurements with the Ge-detector is described by Bücker et al. (1991).The measured spectra are calibrated by a standard of Luvarovite (NIM-L, South African Bureau of Standards). The influence of the local terrestrial radiation on the measurements has been corrected. Especially for the core measurements a calibration procedure has been performed for geometric corrections (core diameter and length). In general, a measuring time of 12 h for the NaI-detector and 2 h for the Ge-detector was chosen.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1380
title: Radial Vp on Core Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: Ultrasonic wave propagation through core samples is studied in a water tank to insure good signal transmission between transducer, rock specimen and receiver and to avoid time - consuming mechanical preparations. A specifically designed instrumentation was used, which allows to measure the radial p-wave velocity in the plane normal to the core axis and, if the core sample is long enough, also the axial p- and s-wave velocities by common mid-point (CMP) refraction experiments, with water as the upper and the core as the lower layer. By rotating the cores, all measurements are performed for variable azimuths. Computer control of all mechanical and electronical operations, digital 10-bit data aquisition, signal stacking and interactive seismogram evaluation are essential features of the system.
Data are available from the few cores taken below 4000 m. The investigations were carried out on the longest core sample of each cored interval (16 specimens).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1408
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1 (measured data)

description: The thermal conductivity on cores is measured in two steps (see Pribnow 1994). First, one face end of the core is sawed and polished. The half space line source is pressed against this preparated face (without further contact medium like water) by a computerized device. The position of the heat source is varied in 15 degree intervals around one semicircle. At each position, 3 repeating measurements are performed. The line source azimuth of the lowest measured thermal conductivity is the strike of the foliation plane. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity is maximal parallel to that direction. This apparent paradox can be explained by the experimental method, because the measurement plane is perpendicular to the orientation of the line source (Pribnow 1994).In a second step a calotte plane perpendicular to the strike of foliation is prepared. A second series of thermal conductivity measurements in 15 degree intervals ...
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1150
title: Wet bulk density of core CON01-605-3a, the trigger core to piston core CON01-605-3 at Vydrino

description: Wet bulk density of core CON01-605-3a, the trigger core to piston core CON01-605-3 at Vydrino
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1281
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1427
title: Gas chromatography of gas samples of the KTB main hole HB1h

description: The main objective of this drilling fluid analysis was the detection of inflows of formation fluids. Therefore different gases dissolved in the drilling mud were measured continuously and automatically at drill site with three different methodes (Fig.: KTB-Report 92-2 page C13). The operation principles of the mass spectrometer and the gaschromatograph have been explained by STROH et al. (1988) and FIGGEMEIER et al. (1991). The principle of radon determination is published by ERZINGER et al. (1992).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1246
title: Geochemical Analysis of Cations of Mud Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1h.

description: Geochemical Analysis of Cations of Mud Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1h.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1247
title: Geochemical Analysis of Cations of Mud Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1i

description: Geochemical Analysis of Cations of Mud Samples of the KTB Main Hole HB1i
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1313
title: Electrical Resistivity of Mini Cores (Plugs) of the KTB Main Hole HB1d

description: In general, four-electrode devices are used to measure the resistivity on original (unprepared) cores and on mini cores drilled from these original cores. The in-phase and the out-of-phase signal is measured and therefore the complex resistivity is determined. All measurements are performed under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). Mini cores of 25.4 mm diameter and approximately 50 mm length are drilled from original cores. Anisotropy information is obtained by different core orientations. The complex resitivity is measured in an 4-electrode elctrolytic cell by use of a lock-in-amplifier. The applied frequency ranges from 0.5 Hz to 120 kHz.
The samples are first evacuated and back-saturated with destilled water. In this case, mainly sigmas and sigmam contribute to the rock resistivity. A second cycle of evacuating and back-saturating with 0.1 molar NaCl solution leads to sigmav (Rauen 1994).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1378
title: Radial Vp on Core Samples of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1

description: Ultrasonic wave propagation through core samples is studied in a water tank to insure good signal transmission between transducer, rock specimen and receiver and to avoid time - consuming mechanical preparations. A specifically designed instrumentation was used, which allows to measure the radial p-wave velocity in the plane normal to the core axis and, if the core sample is long enough, also the axial p- and s-wave velocities by common mid-point (CMP) refraction experiments, with water as the upper and the core as the lower layer. By rotating the cores, all measurements are performed for variable azimuths. Computer control of all mechanical and electronical operations, digital 10-bit data aquisition, signal stacking and interactive seismogram evaluation are essential features of the system.
Data are available from the few cores taken below 4000 m. The investigations were carried out on the longest core sample of each cored interval (16 specimens).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1403
title: Thermal Conductivity of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1g (transformed data)

description: In the KTB field laboratory, thermal conductivity was measured on cuttings material in depth intervals of 10 m and on available drill core material. The results on drill cores give anisotropy information. In general, the maximum thermal conductivity is measured parallel to the strike of foliation and the minimum thermal conductivity perpendicular to that direction. Approximately 250 g of cuttings of the fraction &lt; 2 mm grain are mixed with water. This mixture of cuttings and water is measured (for more details see Pribnow et al. 1992 or Pribnow 1994). This measurement yields the geometric mean of the thermal conductivities in a two-phase mixture model.
By measuring the weights of the dry cuttings and the mixture of cuttings and water, PHI is determined knowing the density of the cuttings and water (PHI = 32 %). Usually, the arithmetic mean value from 7 repeating measurements is used.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1339
title: Natural Gamma-ray Activity of Cores of the KTB Main Hole HB1

description: In the laboratory, the gamma radiation is measured by a sodium iodtite (NaI) scintillation detector (cores and cuttings) and by a germanium (Ge) semiconductor detector (cuttings). The cuttings are measured in air tight Marinelli-beakers with a volume of 250 cm3. For the core measurements a special, automatically operating equipment with three NaI detectors is used. A description of this apparatus is given in Wienand et al. (1989). The principle of measurements with the Ge-detector is described by Bücker et al. (1991).The measured spectra are calibrated by a standard of Luvarovite (NIM-L, South African Bureau of Standards). The influence of the local terrestrial radiation on the measurements has been corrected. Especially for the core measurements a calibration procedure has been performed for geometric corrections (core diameter and length). In general, a measuring time of 12 h for the NaI-detector and 2 h for the Ge-detector was chosen.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1152
title: Water content and dry bulk density of pilot core CON01-605-3a to piston core CON01-605-3 at Vydrino

description: Water content and dry bulk density of pilot core CON01-605-3a to piston core CON01-605-3 at Vydrino
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1286
title: Density of Cuttings of the KTB Main Hole HB1g (special samples)

description: The density of rocks depends on the mineral contents and is therefore a helpful property for the discrimination of lithological units. It is also used for the calculation of several other properties, like the heat production rate from potassium, uranium and thorium contents, volume susceptibility, thermal conductivity, etc. The density of cuttings and cores is determined by the Archimedian method. The weight of the sample is determined in air and in water. Knowing the density of water, the volume and the density of the sample is calculated.
Air adsorbed by the large surface of the cuttings causes errors in the calculated volume. Therefore, the specific surface of the cuttings is minimized by using only cuttings greater than 2 mm in diameter. The depth interval of the measurements is generally 2 m.
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1146
title: Wet bulk density (GRAPE) of piston core CON01-604-2 from Posolskoe, PANGAEA

description: Wet bulk density (GRAPE) of piston core CON01-604-2 from Posolskoe
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1364
title: Magnetic Susceptibility of Cuttings of the KTB Pilot Hole VB1a

description: The magnetic susceptibility is measured by an inductive AC device (BARTINGTON). The sample is placed inside a coil which generates an alternating magnetic field. The applied frequency is 460 Hz (cuttings, 25.4 mm mini cores), 565 Hz (cores) or 1470 Hz (15 mm mini cores) respectively. A shift in the oscillator frequency is a measure for the magnetic susceptibility of the sample. The applied magnetic field strength is 80 A/m (RMS) and appr. 2 times the total earth magnetic field strength in the KTB area (=38 A/m). The measurement field is lower than the field which is necessary for magnetic saturation and allows therefore to measure the initial susceptibility. The used sensors are insensitive to the electrical conductivity of the samples. Except the determination of the temperature dependent susceptibility, all measurements are done under surface conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
DOI: 10.1594/gfz.sddb.1161
title: Raw pollen data from piston core CON01-605-3 (Vydrino)

description: Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.