DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7c52
title: Data from: Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)

description: Many plants and animals advertise unpalatability through warning signals
 in the form of colour and shape. Variation in warning signals within local
 populations is not expected because they are subject to directional
 selection. However, mounting evidence of warning signal variation within
 local populations suggests that other selective forces may be acting.
 Moreover, different selective pressures may act on the individual
 components of a warning signal. At present, we have a limited
 understanding about how multiple selection processes operate
 simultaneously on warning signal components, and even less about their
 temporal and spatial dynamics. Here, we examined temporal variation of
 several wing warning signal components (colour, UV reflectance, signal
 size, and pattern) of two co-occurring colour morphs of the aposematic
 wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis). Sampling was done in four
 geographic regions over three consecutive years. We also evaluated each
 morph's temporal genetic structure by analysing mitochondrial
 sequence data and nuclear microsatellite markers. Our results revealed
 temporal differences between the morphs for most signal components
 measured. Moreover, variation occurred differently in the fore- and
 hindwings. We found no differences in the genetic structure between the
 morphs within years and regions, suggesting single local populations.
 However, local genetic structure fluctuated temporally. Negative
 correlations were found between variation produced by neutrally evolving
 genetic markers and those of the different signal components, indicating a
 non-neutral evolution for most warning signal components. Taken together,
 our results suggest that differential selection on warning signal
 components and fluctuating population structure can be one explanation for
 the maintenance of warning signal variation in this aposematic species.
description: Colour_UV_SignalWing phenotype data used in the paper "Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)" by Galarza et al. Shown are the reflectance values (hue) of Parasemia plantains male fore- and hindwings. The column headings indicate: fw col hue UV= Ultraviolet wavelength reflectance in the forewing fw col hue SW = Short wavelength reflectance in the forewing fw col hue MW = Middle wavelength reflectance in the forewing fw col hue LW = Long wavelength reflectance in the forewing fw blackratio = Forewing black ratio (in the manuscript referred to as signal size) hw col hue UV= Ultraviolet wavelength reflectance in the hindwing hw col hue SW = Short wavelength reflectance in the hindwing hw col hue MW = Middle wavelength reflectance in the hindwing hw col hue LW = Long wavelength reflectance in the hindwing hw blackratio = Hindwing black ratio (in the manuscript referred to as signal size)MtDNA_AlignmentMitochondrial (COI) alignment of Parasemia plantains used in the paper "Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)" by Galarza et al. The alignment is in MEGA format. Sample names are composed of the region, the colour morph (Y=yellow, W=white), the sex (M=male, F=Female), and the year of collection (09=2009, 10=2010, 11=2011).Microsat_GenotypesMicrosatellite data used in the paper "Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)" by Galarza et al. The first line indicates the name of the microsatellite, with alleles coded in a two-coloumn format. Missing data is represented by "-9". Each line represents one sample's multilocus genotype starting with the sample name. The name is composed of the region, the colour morph (Y=yellow, W=white), and the year of collection (09=2009, 10=2010, 11=2011)Wing_PatternForewing pattern grid data used in the paper "Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)" by Galarza et al. Each column represents one sample starting with the sample name. The title of each sheet indicates the location, the morph-type (Y=yellow, W=white) as well as the year of collection (9=2009, 10=2010, 11=2011).