cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973337
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2014T3

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2014T3 (a.k.a. Awi_22) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Antarctic Ocean (Polarstern PS89 (ANT30/2) in 2014/15) as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce). Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 240 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2014-12-20T22:00:39 and 2015-02-05T22:00:39. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973339
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2022T98

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2022T98 (a.k.a. UIT_0301R) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Charcot cruise in 2022) as part of the project Arctic Passion, Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce). Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2022-08-27T14:00:15 and 2023-02-06T14:00:18. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973342
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2022T93

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2022T93 (a.k.a. PRIC_1007) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS131-ATWAICE 2022) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2022-07-14T16:30:17 and 2022-07-31T11:30:16. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973347
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2022T91

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2022T91 (a.k.a. FMI05-10) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS131-ATWAICE 2022) as part of the project FMI. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2022-07-13T19:00:14 and 2022-07-30T09:00:14. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973372
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2019T63

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2019T63 (a.k.a. PRIC_0902) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2019-10-07T05:00:16 and 2020-05-04T06:30:17. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.934272
title: Friction velocity dependence of sediments from the Nankai Trough, Japan

description: To investigate frictional behavior of sediments along the Kumano transect in the Nankai Trough, Japan, friction experiments were conducted using a single-direct shear device at MARUM, University of Bremen under room temperature conditions with 3.5% simulated seawater. Intact sediment cores from the input, prism toe, and inner prism sites collected by the IODP NanTroSEIZE project were tested. In this dataset, parameters of the rate- and state-dependent friction law for each sample were reported, which were obtained by the velocity step tests from 0.01 to 30 μm/sec.
description: File descriptions: There are 12 parameters:mu0: steady-state friction coefficient before the velocity step (dimensionless)k: stiffness (1/μm)k_std: 1-sigma standard deviation of k (1/μm)a: parameter for direct effect (dimensionless)a_std: 1-sigma standard deviation of a (dimensionless)b: parameter for evolutionary effect (dimensionless)b_std: 1-sigma standard deviation of b (dimensionless)dc: parameter for evolutionary effect (μm)dc_std: 1-sigma standard deviation of dc (μm)a_minus_b: difference between a and b (dimensionless)a_minus_b_std: 1-sigma standard deviation of a_minus_b (dimensionless)R_squared: coefficient of determination (dimensionless)determined for 7 velocity stepping conditions of:velocity before step 0.01 μm/sec to velocity after step 0.03 μm/secvelocity before step 0.03 μm/sec to velocity after step 0.1 μm/secvelocity before step 0.1 μm/sec to velocity after step 0.3 μm/secvelocity before step 0.3 μm/sec to velocity after step 1 μm/sec (no data for C0011B 25R-1)velocity before step 1 μm/sec to velocity after step 3 μm/sec (no data for C0011B 25R-1)velocity before step 3 μm/sec to velocity after step 10 μm/sec (no data for C0011B 25R-1)velocity before step 10 μm/sec to velocity after step 30 μm/sec8 samples along the Kumano transect in the Nankai Trough, Japan, were used:C0011B 25R-1 (IODP Exp. 322, Lat: 32°49.7369′N, Lon: 136°52.9074′E, Depth: 539.79 mbsf)C0011B 8R-3 (IODP Exp. 322, Lat: 32°49.7369′N, Lon: 136°52.9074′E, Depth: 405.57 mbsf)C0006F 19R-1 (IODP Exp. 316, Lat: 33°01.6242′N, Lon: 136°47.6282′E, Depth: 562.67 mbsf)C0006E 36X-1 (IODP Exp. 316, Lat: 33°01.6444′N, Lon: 136°47.6282′E, Depth: 277.54 mbsf)C0011B 55R-5 (IODP Exp. 322, Lat: 32°49.7369′N, Lon: 136°52.9074′E, Depth: 781.80 mbsf)C0006E 12H-3 (IODP Exp. 316, Lat: 33°01.6444′N, Lon: 136°47.6282′E, Depth: 72.80 mbsf)C0002B 63R-1 (IODP Exp. 315, Lat: 33°17.9928′N, Lon: 136°38.2029′E, Depth: 1033.80 mbsf)C0002T 2K-1 (IODP Exp. 358, Lat: 33°18.5070′N, Lon: 136°38.2025′E, Depth: 2840.54 mbsf)We fitted the aging-law type rate- and state-dependent friction law (Dieterich, 1979) to the experimental data using RSFit3000 (Skarbek & Savage, 2019) to obtain these parameters. Experimental data were obtained using the single-direct shear device at MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973348
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2022T96

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2022T96 (a.k.a. UIT_0401) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Charcot cruise in 2022) as part of the project Arctic Passion, Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce). Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2022-07-28T17:00:15 and 2022-11-21T10:00:18. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973349
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2021T86

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2021T86 (a.k.a. AWI_0904) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on landfast sea ice in the Antarctic Atka Bay (Polarstern PS124 (COSMUS) in 2021) as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce). Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2021-03-17T19:00:18 and 2021-09-03T01:00:18. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973350
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2020T79

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2020T79 (a.k.a. PRIC_1007) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2020-04-16T12:00:16 and 2020-07-31T06:00:17. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973354
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2022T92

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2022T92 (a.k.a. PRIC_0903) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS131-ATWAICE 2022) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2022-07-15T17:00:16 and 2022-07-31T20:00:16. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.973355
title: Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2020T81

description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2020T81 (a.k.a. FMI6-08) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project FMI. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2020-08-30T12:00:14 and 2021-02-10T12:00:16. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.