cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/5etb-0k23
title: Salt-based stream discharge (DP1.20193.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data for NEON's Salt-based Discharge data product. The data for this data product is collected as part of the wadeable stream reaeration sampling protocol. Salt concentration data from both constant rate, NaCl or NaBr, and slug, NaCl, injections at wadeable stream sites are published as part of this data product. Data users should refer to the user guide for reaeration and salt-based discharge (see `NEON_ReaerSaltBasedQ_userGuide`) for suggestions on how to calculate discharge values from the published data packages. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

sbd_backgroundFieldCondData:  30

sbd_backgroundFieldSaltData:  30

sbd_conductivityFieldData:  30

sbd_externalLabDataSalt:  120

sbd_fieldData:  30

sbd_plateauMeasurementFieldData:  30

sbd_plateauSampleFieldData:  30

sdg_externalLabSummaryData:  14
description: Tracer injections of conservative salt are completed 6 times per year to capture a range of flows at NEON wadeable stream sites as part of the wadeable stream reaeration protocol. The first sampling station is located near sensor set #1 and the fourth sampling station is located near sensor set #2. Sampling stations #2 and #3 are approximately evenly spaced between sampling stations #1 and #4. The injection (drip) station is located far enough upstream of sampling station #1 that the tracer is well mixed within the stream channel for all sampling stations. Conductivity data loggers are located near sampling stations #1 and #4 to capture the rising limb and plateau (for constant rate injections) and falling limb (for slug injections) in situ conductivity values. For more information see AOS Protocol and Procedure: Reaeration in Streams [NEON.DOC.000693](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.000693vH). Instrumentation: YSI Pro2030, HOBO U24
DOI: 10.48443/v8mw-8z67
title: Soil microbe metagenome sequences (DP1.10107.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Abstract: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and minimally processed sequence data from NEON's soil microbial shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Typically, measurements are done on plot-level composite samples and represent up to three randomly selected sampling locations within a plot. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Queries for the basic data product package will return metadata tables that include laboratory methods and results from DNA extraction, sample preparation, and DNA sequencing for samples from the specified sites and within the specified date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mms_metagenomeDnaExtraction:  240

mms_metagenomeSequencing:  240

mms_rawDataFiles: 240
description: Three pre-determined, randomly assigned locations are selected for each sampling event within each of 10 plots distributed throughout a site; sampling locations within a plot are not re-sampled. Soil metagenomics sampling occurs annually during the historic peak in vegetation greenness. Soil samples are collected to a maximum depth of 30 cm, with organic and mineral soils sampled separately. Subsamples of homogenized soil (rocks, roots and organic debris removed) from each of the 3 sampling locations are combined to form a plot-level composite sample that is used for metagenomics analysis. Samples are frozen on dry ice and shipped to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Laboratory metadata are then delivered to NEON for QC testing and acceptance, and then are formatted for upload to public sequence repositories. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/kjfs-cy62
title: Chemical properties of groundwater (DP1.20092.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's groundwater chemistry sampling protocol. Subsamples are analyzed at NEON domain headquarters for alkalinity. Other subsamples are sent to external facilities for a broad suite of analytes, including dissolved and total nutrients and carbon, cations and anions, and general chemistry. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
gwc_domainLabData:  60

gwc_externalLabData:  150

gwc_fieldData:  30

gwc_fieldSuperParent:  30

gwc_externalLabSummaryData:  14
description: There are up to eight small (2-in diameter) shallow (<100 ft depth) groundwater observation wells at each site, from which a subset of three to four wells are sampled. Groundwater grab samples are collected twice per year at NEON aquatic sites: once in early spring, when shallow aquifers are typically recharged by precipitation and flow towards the stream, and again in autumn, when groundwater levels decrease and chemistry is affected by prolonged residence time and stream water infiltration. The field protocol used by NEON for collecting groundwater chemistry samples follows the general procedure for minimal drawdown sampling detailed by EPA report Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures (Puls and Barcelona, 1996). Sample handling and preparation portions of this protocol follow the general requirements set forth by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program (USGS 2006). Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/vht7-gy53
title: Surface water microbe group abundances (DP1.20278.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for NEON's surface water bacterial, archaeal and fungal group abundances analysis, which are derived from surface water microbial sampling. For details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Queries for the basic data product package will return laboratory results of gene copy number data. Queries for the expanded package will include two additional tables: a batch-level data and QC results table, and a summary table of the lab methods used for processing and analysis.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mga_swGroupAbundances:  240

mga_batchResults: 14

mga_labSummary: 14
description: Surface water samples for microbial molecular analyses are collected at the same time and location as surface water chemistry samples once per month in wadeable streams (12 times per year) and every-other month in lakes and rivers (6 times per year). In wadeable streams, microbe samples are collected near the downstream S2 sensor location. In lakes and rivers, samples are collected near the buoy sensor set at 1 sampling depth in unstratified systems and up to 3 depths in stratified lakes. Surface water grab samples are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. The filters are stored on dry ice in the field and shipped frozen to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and qPCR analysis using primer sets targeting the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene operon. Laboratory data are passed through the NEON automated ingest process for QC testing and acceptance, and are published on the NEON data portal. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/vyqt-c157
title: Temperature at specific depth in surface water (DP1.20264.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Temperature at specific depths on buoys is measured every minute and is reported as 1-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute mean values. A temperature chain with between 3 and 10 thermistors (depending on lake depth) is affixed from the buoy at the water surface. The shallowest thermistor is located at 5 cm below the water surface. Deeper thermistors have their depth published with the data and vary for each lake or river.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The buoys are comprised of sensor sets which measure meteorological parameters over a water surface along with submerged sensors that measure physical and chemical parameters of the water body. Some of these sensors are unique to the buoy subsystem and others are shared with other NEON subsystems, such as the wadeable stream sensor sets or terrestrial towers. Due to power, space, and data storage constraints on the buoy, the configuration of sensors deployed on a buoy may be different than those in other parts of NEON. Instrumentation: Precision Measurement Engineering Inc. - T-Chain RS 232/485
DOI: 10.48443/sa8x-w680
title: Surface water microbe cell count (DP1.20138.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's Surface water microbe cell count sample collection. Field samples are collected using a sterilized grab sampler in the water column of wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes in conjunction with standard recurrent surface water chemistry samples. Cell count field samples are collected 12 times per year in streams and 6 times per year in lakes and rivers, and are collected year-round unless ice cover is too thick to allow sampling. Samples are preserved in the field and shipped to a contracting lab for analysis. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

amc_fieldSuperParent:  30

amc_fieldCellCounts:  30

amc_cellCounts:  150

amc_cellCountsQA:  150

amc_cellCountsBlankQA: 150

amc_cellCountLabSummary:  14
description: Surface water cell count samples are collected at the same time and location as surface water chemistry samples once per month in wadeable streams (12 times per year) and every-other month in lakes and rivers (6 times per year). In wadeable streams, cell count samples are collected near the downstream S2 sensor location. In flow-through lakes (site TOOK), cell count samples are collected near the buoy, inlet, and outlet sensors, and sampling depth(s) is dependent on lake stratification. In seepage lakes (all lake sites other than TOOK), cell count samples are collected near the buoy, and sampling depth(s) is dependent on lake stratification. In rivers, cell count samples are collected near the buoy sensor. Samples are collected using a grab sampler, typically a sterilized 4 gallon jug in streams and a Kemmerer sampler in lakes. Samples are preserved with 1% formaldehyde in the field, and sent to an external facility for cell count analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and epifluorescence microscopy. Cell counts are enumerated using image analysis software. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/15k3-aj25
title: Water quality (DP1.20288.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Water quality consists of a suite of physical and chemical parameters characterizing the health of an aquatic ecosystem. This data product contains in-situ, sensor-based measurements of specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) and chlorophyll-a, available as 1-min measurements in wadeable stream sites and 5-min measurements in lake and river sites.  Chlorophyll-a is only measured in lake and river sites.

Latency: Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: At wadeable stream sites, multisondes are deployed at an upstream and downstream location, except for Blue River (BLUE), which only has a downstream location.  Multisondes are collocated with PRT temperature sensors at both locations, and SUNA nitrate sensor at the downstream locations.  Specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity are measured at both the upstream and downstream locations, while fDOM is only measured at the downstream location.  Depth and chlorophyll-a are not measured in wadeable stream sites.  Sampling frequency for wadeable stream sites is 1-min.  At lake and river sites, the multisonde is deployed from a buoy and measures depth, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fDOM and chlorophyll-a.  Sampling frequency is 5-min.  At deeper lake sites (BARC, CRAM, LIRO, PRLA & TOOK) vertical profiles of the water column are collected every 4-hrs.  At the remaining lake and river sites the multisonde remains at a fixed depth of 0.5m below the water surface. 

Instrumentation:
YSI EXO2 Multiparameter Sonde with conductivity and temperature (599827), dissolved oxygen (599100), pH(599706), turbidity (599101), fDOM (599104) and chlorophyll-PC (599102) probes. Instrumentation: YSI EXO2 Multiparameter Sonde; YSI EXO turbidity sensor; YSI EXO total algae PC sensor; YSI EXO pH sensor; YSI EXO dissolved oxygen sensor; YSI EXO fDOm sensor; YSI EXO conductivity and temperature sensor; YSI EXO central wiper
DOI: 10.48443/v6hs-mx57
title: Breeding landbird point counts (DP1.10003.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's breeding landbird sampling. Breeding landbirds are defined as “smaller birds (usually exclusive of raptors and upland game birds) not usually associated with aquatic habitats” (Ralph et al. 1993). The breeding landbird point counts product provides records of species identification of all individuals observed during the 6-minute count period, as well as metadata which can be used to model detectability, e.g., weather, distances from observers to birds, and detection methods. The NEON point count method is adapted from the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions (IMBCR): Field protocol for spatially-balanced sampling of landbird populations (Hanni et al. 2017; http://bit.ly/2u2ChUB). For additional details, see protocol [NEON.DOC.014041](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.014041vF): TOS Protocol and Procedure: Breeding Landbird Abundance and Diversity and science design [NEON.DOC.000916](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.000916vB): TOS Science Design for Breeding Landbird Abundance and Diversity.

Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
brd_countdata: 120

brd_perpoint: 120

brd_personnel: 120

brd_references: 120

brd_identificationHistory: 7
description: Depending on the size of the site, sampling for this product occurs at either randomly distributed individual points or grids of nine points each. At larger sites, point count sampling occurs at five to ten 9-point grids, with grid centers collocated with distributed base plot centers (where plant, beetle, and/or soil sampling may also occur), if possible. At smaller sites (i.e., sites that cannot accommodate a minimum of 5 grids) point counts occur at the southwest corner (point 21) of 5-25 distributed base plots. Point counts are conducted once per breeding season at large sites and twice per breeding season at smaller sites. Point counts are six minutes long, with each minute tracked by the observer, following a two-minute settling-in period. All birds are recorded to species and sex, whenever possible, and the distance to each individual or flock is measured with a laser rangefinder, except in the case of flyovers. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/8srr-nv51
title: Spectrometer orthorectified surface directional reflectance - mosaic (DP3.30006.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The NEON AOP surface directional reflectance data product is an orthorectified (UTM projection) hyperspectral raster product. It is distributed in an open HDF5 format including all 426 bands from the NEON Imaging Spectrometer. It is calibrated, atmospherically corrected, mosaicked, and distributed as scaled reflectance. It includes many QA and ancillary rasters used as inputs to ATCOR for atmospheric correction as well as outputs from ATCOR for diagnostic purposes. L3 reflectance is mosaicked and delivered as 1 km by 1 km tiles with each HDF5 file including the reflectance data and all metadata and ancillary data. The mosaic is created using the most-nadir pixels from the flight lines observed with the least cloud cover. Level 3 (L3) reflectance tiles are used to calculate L3 Vegetation Indices, Water Indices, LAI, and fPAR. 

Latency:
AOP data are expected to be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site.
description: The Level 3 orthorectified surface directional reflectance data product is distributed in in an open HDF5 data format in UTM projection and ITRF00 datum. Each file contains all 426 reflectance bands for a single 1 km by 1 km tile as well as many QA and ancillary rasters and datasets both used in and produced by ATCOR reflectance processing as well as a map of from which flight line each mosaic pixel is taken. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) Imaging Spectrometer (NIS) - NASA/JPL AVIRIS-NG
DOI: 10.48443/z33d-e628
title: Riparian vegetation % cover (DP1.20191.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from the stream canopy cover component of NEON's riparian habitat assessment protocol. Using a modified convex densiometer, 1/3 (17 points) of the view field is used to measure the riparian canopy cover at wadeable stream sites. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

rip_percentComposition:  30
description: Each aquatic site is surveyed once per year within the site-specific peak greenness window. As part of the survey percent riparian cover is collected at wadeable stream and river sites, but not collected at lake sites. Protocols are based on the U.S. EPA's Statewide Riparian Mapping protocol.
Ten riparian transects are evenly distributed throughout the 1km wadeable stream  sampling reach.  At wadeable stream sites, at each transect, riparian canopy percent cover measurements are taken at 3 points along each transect: the wetted center of the stream, 0.3m from the wettted edge of the left bank, and 0.3 m from wetted edge of the right bank.  At the center stream sampling point, 4 densiometer readings are taken facing upstream, downstream, river right, and river left; at the left and right banks a single densiometer reading is taken, facing the bank. 
 At river sites, percent canopy cover is collected at 1 point located about 0.3m from the wetted river edge at five of ten paired plots.  The plot nearest the river thalweg is selected and the following measurements are collected from the boat at 0.3m above the water:  upstream, downstream, river right, and river left. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/sgfd-xs73
title: Aquatic plant, bryophyte, lichen, and macroalgae point counts in wadeable streams (DP1.20072.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, field sampling metadata and associated taxonomic data for aquatic plants, bryophytes, and macroalgae. Field data are collected at 10 permanent transects in wadeable streams three times per year. Also included in this data product are lake and river records for voucher and morphospecies records. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
apc_pointTransect:  60

apc_perTaxon:  60

apc_taxonomyProcessed:  240

apc_taxonomyRaw:  240

apc_voucher:  30

apc_voucherTaxonomyProcessed:  240

apc_voucherTaxonomyRaw:  240

apc_morphospecies:  390

apc_identificationHistory: 7
description: Aquatic plant, bryophyte, lichen, and macroalgae point count data are collected three times per year at wadeable streams, during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Data are collected at ten permanent transect locations that are revisited during each sampling bout. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/0brz-hn08
title: LiDAR slant range waveform (DP1.30001.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The Level 1 Slant Range Waveform Lidar data product provides a geolocated waveform for each laser pulse in a compressed Pulsewaves (PLZ / WVZ) output format. The X and Y coordinates are reported in meters in a UTM mapping fame, elevations reported with reference to Geoid12A. The waveform product saves the continuous received signal versus time digitized into 1 nsec time bins. The waveform shapes can provide important information about scattering properties of targets, especially in the case of dense vegetation.  Waveform lidar data have many uses: 3D visualization; generation of surface models such as bare-Earth digital elevation models (DEM) also referred to as digital terrain models (DTM), digital surface models (DSM), and canopy height models (CHM); analysis of vegetation structure, leaf area index, biomass; and analysis of canopy light penetration and attenuation.

Latency:
AOP data will be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site.
description: The Level 1 waveform data product is a geolocated slant-range waveform product where the return waveform is relative signal intensity acquired in 1 ns time bins. The X and Y output coordinates will be reported as Easting and Northing values in a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection with the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 (ITRF 2000) ellipsoid horizontal datum with units of meters. The Z coordinates will be reported in a North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88) using the National Geodetic Survey Geoid12A height model with units of meters. The UTM zone will vary depending on the latitude/longitude of the specific NEON site. Each flight line will be saved as a compressed Pulsewaves format which includes a Pulse file (PLZ) which contains metadata and geolocation information for each waveform and a waveform file (WVZ) file containing the returned waveform signals. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) LiDAR - Optech Gemini