DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1vhhmh13
title: Data and R code from: Fin whale song evolution in the North Atlantic

description: Animal songs can change within and between populations as the result of
 different evolutionary processes. When these processes include cultural
 transmission, the social learning of information or behaviours from
 conspecifics, songs can undergo rapid evolutions because cultural
 novelties can emerge more frequently than genetic mutations. Understanding
 these song variations over large temporal and spatial scales can provide
 insights into the patterns, drivers and limits of song evolution that can
 ultimately inform on the species’ capacity to adapt to rapidly changing
 acoustic environments. In this study, we analysed changes in fin whale
 (Balaenoptera physalus) songs recorded over two decades (1999–2020) across
 the central and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. We document a rapid
 replacement of song INIs (inter-note intervals) over just four singing
 seasons (2000/2001–2004/2005) in the southeast location of the Oceanic
 Northeast Atlantic (ONA) region, that co-occurred with hybrid songs (with
 both INIs). During the transition in song INIs (2002/2003) we show a clear
 geographic gradient in the occurrence of different song INIs in the whole
 ONA region. We also found gradual changes in song INIs (Figure 3A) and
 20-Hz note (Figure 3B) and HF note (Figure 3C) peak frequencies over more
 than a decade with fin whales adopting song changes. These results provide
 evidence of vocal learning in fin whales and reveal patterns of song
 evolution that raise questions on the limits of song variation in this
 species.
description: The dataset was collected by underwater autonomous recorders from
 15 regions of the Central and Eastern North Atlantic from 1999 to 2020.
 Fin whale songs were selected according to the criteria specified in the
 paper's methods (Song selection criteria) and processed using Raven
 Pro 1.5 Software. This software measured internote intervals and peak
 frequencies of the 20-Hz note and HF note for each song analysed. These
 measurements are found in the datasets provided here and sorted by day (or
 song, as one song was analysed per day), region, location and
 year. 
description: Just needs software R (v. 4.0.2) (www.r-project.org)
description: # Data and R code from: Fin whale song evolution in the North
 Atlantic --- These different datasets are in a CSV format to be
 used in the R script provided. Some datasets were used to create figures
 in the associated paper, which numbers are in brackets. ## Description of
 the Data and file structure Datasets contain measurements of three
 different fin whale parameters (internote interval and peak frequencies of
 the 20-Hz and higher frequency notes sorted by song (or day, since only
 one song was analysed per day). Measurements were made by the acoustic
 software Raven Pro 1.5 and then transferred to a database. The following
 datasets are included: Perc_SE_songs: contains the percentages of each INI
 type from 1999 to 2005 at the southeast (SE) location of the Oceanic
 Northeast Atlantic (ONA) region (Figure 1B in paper). Column headers are
 the following: * "Year"- referring to singing season (October
 through March) thus covering two years at a time *
 "perc"-percentage (%) of each song INI type in each year *
 "INI"- the type of INI . INI_ave_SE_99_05: contains all INIs
 averaged by song collected from 1999 to 2005 at the SE location of the ONA
 region (Figure 1C in paper). Column headers are the following: *
 "date"- day of the analysed song * "Ave_INI"-averaged
 INIs by song and day * "SD_INI"- standard deviation for INIs by
 song and day * "Ave_PF"- averaged peak frequencies of 20-Hz
 notes by song and day * "SD_PF"-standard deviation of peak
 frequencies of 20-Hz notes by song and day * "Num_INI"-number of
 INIs measured. Perc_ONA_songs: contains the percentages of each INI during
 the 2002/2003 singing season at 6 locations of the ONA region (Figure 2 in
 paper). Column headers are the following: * "perc": percentage
 (%) of each song INI type by location * "INI"- the type of INI *
 "Location" - location within the ONA region denoted by CE
 (central east), CW (central west), NE (north east), NW (north west), SE
 (south east) and SW (south west). INI_ave_06_20: contains all INIs
 averaged by song collected from 2006 to 2020 and sorted by location,
 region and year (Figure 3A in paper). Column headers are the following: *
 "Region"- regions as described in "Sampling locations"
 from the paper's methods section * "Location" - locations
 as described in "Sampling locations" from the paper's
 methods section * "date" - day of the analysed song *
 "Ave_INI"-averaged INIs by song and day * "SD_INI"-
 standard deviation for INIs by song and day * "Ave_PF"- averaged
 peak frequencies of 20-Hz notes by song and day *
 "SD_PF"-standard deviation of peak frequencies of 20-Hz notes by
 song and day * "Num_INI"-number of INIs measured *
 "Recorder"- Typer of recorder denoted by AR (Autonomous
 recorder) and OBS (Ocean bottom seismometer) * "year"- year of
 the analysed song. 20Hz_ave_EARs: contains INIs and peak frequencies of
 the 20-Hz note averaged by song (or day) and its standard deviations
 sorted by location, region and year recorded only with Ecologic Acoustic
 Recorders (EARs) (Figure 3B in paper). Column headers are the following: *
 "Region"- regions as described in "Sampling locations"
 from the paper's methods section * "Location" - locations
 as described in "Sampling locations" from the paper's
 methods section * "date" - day of the analysed song *
 "year"- year of the analysed song * "Ave_INI"-averaged
 INIs by song and day * "SD_INI"- standard deviation for INIs by
 song and day * "Ave_PF"- averaged peak frequencies of 20-Hz
 notes by song and day * "SD_PF"-standard deviation of peak
 frequencies of 20-Hz notes by song and day * "Num_INI"-number of
 INIs measured. HF_ave: contains peak frequencies of the high frequency
 (HF) note averaged by song (or day) and its standard deviations sorted
 location, region and year (Figure 3C in paper). Column headers are the
 following: * "Region"- regions as described in "Sampling
 locations" from the paper's methods section *
 "Location" - locations as described in "Sampling
 locations" from the paper's methods section * "date" -
 day of the analysed song * "year"- year of the analysed song *
 "Ave_PF"- averaged peak frequencies of HF notes by song and day
 * "SD_PF"-standard deviation of peak frequencies of HF notes by
 song and day * "Num_note"-number of notes measured. INI_all:
 contains all INIs measured from 1999 to 2020 and sorted by location,
 region and year (Figure 4A). Column headers are the following: *
 "Region"- regions as described in "Sampling locations"
 from the paper's methods section * "Location" - locations
 as described in "Sampling locations" from the paper's
 methods section * "date" - day of the measured INI *
 "month" - month of the measured INI * "year"- year of
 the measured INI * "year2" -singing season * "time" -
 time of the first measured INI of each song * "INI" - measured
 INI * "PF_20Hz" - peak frequency of the 20-Hz note. HF_all:
 contains all measurements of the higher frequency (HF) note peak
 frequencies sorted by location, region and year (Figure 4B). Column
 headers are the following: * "Region"- regions as described in
 "Sampling locations" from the paper's methods section *
 "Location" - locations as described in "Sampling
 locations" from the paper's methods section * "date" -
 day of the measured HF peak frequency * "month" - month of the
 measured HF note peak frequency * "year"- year of the measured
 HF note peak frequency * "year2" -singing season *
 "Peak-Freq" - peak frequency of the HF note. test_ear_obs:
 contains measurements of INIs and peak frequencies of the 20-Hz note from
 the same song recorded by an EAR and and OBS to perform a Wilcox test
 pariwise comparisons. Column headers are the following: *
 "INI_ear" - INIs measured from EAR recordings *
 "Peak_freq_ear" - peak frequencies of the 20-Hz note measured
 from EAR recordings * "INI_obs" - NIs measured from OBS
 recordings * "Peak_freq_obs" - peak frequencies of the 20-Hz
 note measured from OBS recordings PF_ave_all: contains all 20-Hz note peak
 frequency measurements averaged per song (or day) and its standard
 deviations sorted location, region and year (*Figure 3 – figure supplement
 2). Column headers are the following: * "Region"- regions as
 described in "Sampling locations" from the paper's methods
 section * "Location" - locations as described in "Sampling
 locations" from the paper's methods section * "date" -
 day of the measured 20-Hz note peak frequency * "Ave_PF"-
 averaged peak frequencies of 20-Hz notes by song and day *
 "SD_PF"-standard deviation of peak frequencies of 20-Hz notes by
 song and day * "Num_note"-number of notes measured *
 "Recorder" - type of recorder (AR or OBS). ## Sharing/access
 Information No other links exists for this data Was data derived from
 another source? No #### **R Code** The R code is organised following the
 same order as figures and tests in the associated paper with a reference
 to them as comments.