cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5vv55
title: Data from: Endothermic mosasaurs? Possible thermoregulation of Late Cretaceous mosasaurs (Reptilia, Squamata) indicated by stable oxygen isotopes in fossil bioapatite in comparison with coeval marine fish and pelagic seabirds

description: The thermoregulatory style of Late Cretaceous mosasaurs has become a
 highly controversial subject in vertebrate palaeontology. These extinct
 marine reptiles have previously been described as poikilothermic,
 endothermic or gigantothermic. Here we analyse three genera of mosasaurs
 from the Mooreville Chalk in Alabama (USA) of differing body mass, and
 compare their δ18OPO4 derived body temperatures (Tb) with those of coeval
 poikilothermic fish (Enchodus) and endothermic pelagic seabirds
 (Ichthyornis). Results show that all mosasaurs, Clidastes (Tb = 33.1°C),
 Platecarpus (Tb = 36.3°C), and Tylosaurus (Tb = 34.3°C), had elevated
 average body temperatures in relation to those of the fish (Tb = 28.3°C)
 and were closer to those of Ichthyornis (Tb = 38.6°C). The temperatures
 calculated for Enchodus compare well with previously reported temperature
 estimates for the Mooreville Chalk and the Tb of Ichthyornis compares well
 with temperatures that have been reported for modern seabirds, suggesting
 that this method provides accurate results. Finally, although there are
 small differences of body temperature among mosasaur genera, these are
 independent of size, and thus inferred body mass, suggesting that
 mosasaurs were not gigantotherms, but rather endotherms.
description: Harrell et al
 Supplemental Oxygen Isotope DataSupplemental Table 1 –
 Oxygen isotope (δ18O) results for all fossil samples reported in this
 study. Mooreville Chalk specimens are plotted in Figure 2. Results are
 relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW).Harrell et al Supplemental
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dhp7mr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1990 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Zaprionus indianus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1990 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001366-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7t7ph
title: Data from: Progression of phosphine resistance in susceptible Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) populations under different immigration regimes and selection pressures

description: Insecticide resistance is an escalating global issue for a wide variety of
 agriculturally important pests. The genetic basis and biochemical
 mechanisms of resistance are well characterised in some systems, but
 little is known about the ecological aspects of insecticide resistance. We
 therefore designed a laboratory experiment to quantify the progression of
 phosphine resistance in Tribolium castaneum populations subject to
 different immigration regimes and selection pressures. Mated resistant
 females were added to originally susceptible populations under two
 distinct migration rates, and, in addition, half of the populations in
 each migration treatment were exposed to selection pressures from
 phosphine fumigation. The progression of phosphine resistance was assessed
 by screening beetles for the resistance allele at rph2. Phosphine
 resistance increased slowly in the low migration treatment and in the
 absence of selection, as expected. But at the higher migration rate the
 increase in frequency of the resistance allele was lower than predicted.
 These outcomes result from the high levels of polyandry known in T.
 castaneum females in the laboratory, because most of the Generation 1
 offspring (86%) were heterozygous for the rph2 allele, probably because
 resistant immigrant females mated again on arrival. Phosphine resistance
 was not fixed by fumigation as predicted, perhaps because susceptible
 gametes and eggs survived fumigation within resistant females. In terms of
 phosphine resistance progression in populations exposed to selection the
 effect of fumigation negated the difference in migration rates. These
 results demonstrate how species-specific traits relating to the mating
 system may shape the progression of insecticide resistance within
 populations, and they have broad implications for the management of
 phosphine resistance in T. castaneum in the field. ​We specify and discuss
 how these mating system attributes need to be accounted for when
 developing guidelines for resistance management.
description: Population_size_dataPopulation size data over seven generationsMortality_dataMortality data at Ph3 selected generations 3 and 6Unselected_genotype_dataUnselelected populations genotype dataSelected_genotype_dataSelected populations genotype data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7194t
title: Data from: Landscape and oceanic barriers shape dispersal and population structure in the island nematode, Pristionchus pacificus

description: Despite the biological importance and diversity of nematodes, little is
 known of the factors influencing their dispersal and shaping their
 evolutionary history. Populations of the cosmopolitan species Pristionchus
 pacificus are characterized by high genetic diversity and strong spatial
 structure, which contrasts with patterns detected in nematode species such
 as Caenorhabditis elegans. The environmentally heterogeneous volcanic
 Mascarene Islands provide an ideal setting for investigating fine-scale
 patterns of nematode migration and gene flow. Based on the analysis of
 data from 19 nuclear microsatellites and one mitochondrial marker, we
 infer support for the colonization of both La Réunion Island and Mauritius
 from similar multiple geographical sources. Although the long-term
 persistence of populations on both islands is well supported, the
 historical colonization of one island from the other cannot be discounted.
 In fact, periodic, bi-directional migration between the islands following
 their initial colonization is strongly supported in isolation with
 migration analyses, supporting the occurrence of rare trans-oceanic
 dispersal events in P. pacificus. Through a combination of population and
 landscape genetic analyses we also infer non-uniform dispersal across the
 landscape on the island of La Réunion, probably mediated by the movements
 of beetle hosts. Collectively, we show that gene flow in P. pacificus is
 limited by environmental and oceanic barriers, and shaped by the
 intricacies of the nematode–beetle host interaction
description: Mauritius
 genotypesThis data file contains
 the microsatellite (STR) genotypes for 35 Pristionchus pacificus strains
 collected from Mauritius Island.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5n18790
title: Data from: Regional variation in drivers of connectivity for two frog species (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris) from the U.S. Pacific Northwest

description: Comparative landscape genetics has uncovered high levels of variation in
 which landscape factors affect connectivity among species and regions.
 However, the relative importance of species traits vs. environmental
 variation for predicting landscape patterns of connectivity is unresolved.
 We provide evidence from a landscape genetics study of two sister taxa of
 frogs, the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) and the Columbia spotted
 frog (R. luteiventris) in Oregon and Idaho, USA. Rana pretiosa is
 relatively more dependent on moisture for dispersal than R. luteiventris
 for dispersal, so if species traits influence connectivity, we predicted
 that connectivity among R. pretiosa populations would be more positively
 associated with moisture than R. luteiventris. However, if environmental
 differences are important drivers of gene flow, we predicted that
 connectivity would be more positively related to moisture in arid regions.
 We tested these predictions using eight microsatellite loci and gravity
 models in two R. pretiosa regions and four R. luteiventris regions (n =
 1,168 frogs). In R. pretiosa, but not R. luteiventris, connectivity was
 positively related to mean annual precipitation, supporting our first
 prediction. In contrast, connectivity was not more positively related to
 moisture in more arid regions. Various temperature metrics were important
 predictors for both species and in all regions, but the directionality of
 their effects varied. Our results indicate that connectivity in R.
 pretiosa may be negatively impacted by reduction in mean annual
 precipitation. Overall, the pattern of variation in drivers of
 connectivity was consistent with predictions based on species traits
 rather than on environmental variation.
description: Genotypes_microsatellites_six_regionsThe genotype data (eight microsatellite loci) for all individuals from each of two regions of Rana pretiosa and four regions of Rana luteiventris are provided. There is a csv file for each region. Within each region, the data are organized by sampling site (see Table 1 for locality information).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8bp7m
title: Data from: Stand structural diversity rather than species diversity enhances aboveground carbon storage in secondary subtropical forests in Eastern China

description: Stand structural diversity, typically characterized by variances in tree
 diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height, plays a critical role in
 influencing aboveground carbon (C) storage. However, few studies have
 considered the multivariate relationships of aboveground C storage with
 stand age, stand structural diversity, and species diversity in natural
 forests. In this study, aboveground C storage, stand age, tree species,
 DBH and height diversity indices, were determined across 80 subtropical
 forest plots in Eastern China. We employed structural equation modelling
 (SEM) to test for the direct and indirect effects of stand structural
 diversity, species diversity, and stand age on aboveground C storage. The
 three final SEMs with different directions for the path between species
 diversity and stand structural diversity had a similar goodness of fit to
 the data. They accounted for 82 % of the variation in aboveground C
 storage, 55–59 % of the variation in stand structural diversity, and 0.1
 to 9 % of the variation in species diversity. Stand age demonstrated
 strong positive total effects, including a positive direct effect
 (β =  0.41), and a positive indirect effect via stand structural diversity
 (β =  0.41) on aboveground C storage. Stand structural diversity had a
 positive direct effect on aboveground C storage (β =  0.56), whereas there
 was little total effect of species diversity as it had a negative direct
 association with, but had a positive indirect effect, via stand structural
 diversity, on aboveground C storage. The negligible total effect of
 species diversity on aboveground C storage in the forests under study may
 have been attributable to competitive exclusion with high aboveground
 biomass, or a historical logging preference for productive species. Our
 analyses suggested that stand structural diversity was a major determinant
 for variations in aboveground C storage in the secondary subtropical
 forests in Eastern China. Hence, maintaining tree DBH and height diversity
 through silvicultural operations might constitute an effective approach
 for enhancing aboveground C storage in these forests.
description: Dataset - bg-2016-6 (Ali
 et al.)Data from: Stand
 structural diversity rather than species diversity enhances aboveground
 carbon storage in secondary subtropical forests in Eastern China.
 BiogeosciencesDataset (Ali et al. 2016,
 biogesciences).xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.595755h
title: Data from: Seasonal shifts in the insect gut microbiome are concurrent with changes in cold tolerance and immunity

description: 1. Seasonal changes in the environment, such as varying temperature, have
 the potential to change the functional relationship between ectothermic
 animals, such as insects, and their microbiomes. Our objectives were to
 determine: a) whether seasonal changes in temperature shift the
 composition of the insect gut microbiome, and b) if changes in the
 microbiome are concomitant with changes in the physiology of the host,
 including the immune system and response to cold. 2. We exposed laboratory
 populations of the spring field cricket, Gryllus veletis (Orthoptera:
 Gryllidae), to simulated overwintering winter and spring, we extracted and
 sequenced 16S bacterial genomic DNA from cricket guts, to capture seasonal
 variation in the composition of the microbiome. 3. The composition of the
 gut microbiome was similar between microcosms, and overall me, where
 overwintering resulted in permanent changes to these microbial
 communities. In particular, the abundance of Pseudomonas spp. decreased,
 and that of Wolbachia spp. increased, during overwintering. 4. Concurrent
 with overwintering changes in the gut microbiome, G. veletis acquire
 freeze-tolerance and immune function shifts temporarily, returning to
 summer levels of activity in the spring. Specifically, haemocyte
 concentrations increase but survival of fungal infection decreases in the
 winter, whereas the ability to clear bacteria from the haemolymph remains
 unchanged. 5. Overall, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome does shift
 seasonally, and in concert with other physiological changes. We
 hypothesize that these changes may be linked, and suggest that it will
 next be important to determine if these changes in the microbiome
 contribute to host overwintering success.
description: Seasonal changes in
 protein content of cricket haemolymph.csv file of cricket
 haemolymph protein concentration corresponding with summer, winter and
 spring.ferguson dryad cricket
 protein.csvCricket
 melanisationMelanisation values
 (grey values) of nylon filament implanted in Gryllus veletis
 cricketsferguson dryad cricket
 melanisation.csvferguson dryad cricket
 fungusSurvival data for
 Gryllus veletis infected with Metarhizium anisopliae in summer, winter, or
 springferguson dryad cricket
 hemocytesHaemocyte concentrations
 for Gryllus veletis in summer, winter and springqPCR result for
 Wolbachia and PseudomonasqPCR results for
 Wolbachia and Pseudomonas spp. in the gut of Gryllus veletis crickets over
 seasonsferguson ryad final microbiome
 qPCR.xlsxMH420599-MH421834Sequence files for microbiomics data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.st104qv
title: Data from: Acceleration or deceleration of litter decomposition by herbivory depends on nutrient availability through intraspecific differences in induced plant resistance traits

description: 1. Herbivores often induce changes in plant defensive chemistry or
 nutrient content that may respectively inhibit or promote microbial
 decomposition of senesced litter. Often the directional impact of
 herbivores on decomposition is considered to be a property of a species or
 ecosystem. While rarely explored, intraspecific plasticity in the
 induction of defensive strategies across environmental gradients may also
 result in divergent impacts of herbivores on decomposition (deceleration
 vs. acceleration). 2. Here, we examined how soil nutrient conditions
 determine after-life effects of herbivory, using nine goldenrod (Solidago
 altissima) genotypes grown across four levels of nutrient supply and with
 or without grasshopper herbivory. In this species, herbivory induces
 defensive traits in genotypes grown in high soil nutrient conditions but
 induces tolerance (compensatory growth) in low nutrient conditions. We
 combined senesced litter from each treatment with a common soil inoculum
 in experimental microcosms and measured soil respiration and litter mass
 loss over 100 days as estimates of decomposition. 3. Plant genotype,
 nutrient environment, and herbivory all had significant effects on
 decomposition. The legacy effect of herbivory overwhelmed the positive
 effects of high soil nutrient supply on decomposition. This significant
 herbivory nutrient environment interaction meant that herbivore-induced
 plants grown in high nutrient environments produced litter that was more
 resistant to microbial breakdown than litter from the same genotype not
 exposed to herbivory. But the opposite occurred at low nutrient levels
 where litter from herbivore-induced plants was most readily decomposed.
 Further we mechanistically tie nutrient and herbivory legacy treatments to
 decomposition rates through predictable changes in leaf trait expression.
 Lastly, we demonstrate a significant correlation among herbivore growth
 rates on the living tissue and decomposition efficiencies by the microbial
 community of the senesced tissue, suggesting that herbivores and microbes
 perceive the "quality" of the induced substrate similarly. 4.
 Synthesis: Herbivore-induced changes in leaf palatability and trait
 expression due to defense induction or compensatory growth can cascade
 through to either promote or inhibit the decomposability of leaf litter
 within a single species. These findings offer mechanistic understanding of
 how spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem process rates can be generated by
 spatial variation in herbivory and nutrient availability.
description: Burghardt_etal_2018_JOE_litter_decomp_herbivory_trait_dataarchiveCSV file of plant traits, litter decomposition rates, and herbivore growth rates from 9 genotypes of Solidago altissima exposed to two levels of grasshopper herbivory and 4 nutrient treatments. See readme for header descriptions and units.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8426
title: Data from: Minimal ProtoHox cluster inferred from bilaterian and cnidarian Hox complements

description: Bilaterian animals have a Hox gene cluster essential for patterning the
 main body axis, and a ParaHox gene cluster. Comparison of Hox and ParaHox
 genes has led workers to postulate that both clusters originated from the
 duplication of an ancient cluster named ProtoHox, which contained up to
 four genes with at least the precursors of anterior and posterior
 Hox/ParaHox genes. However, the way in which genes diversified within the
 ProtoHox, Hox and ParaHox clusters remains unclear because no systematic
 study of non-bilaterian animals exists. Here we characterize the full
 Hox/ParaHox gene complements and genomic organization in two cnidarian
 species (Nematostella vectensis and Hydra magnipapillata), and suggest a
 ProtoHox cluster simpler than originally thought on the basis of three
 arguments. First, both species possess bilaterian-like anterior Hox genes,
 but their non-anterior genes do not appear as counterparts of either
 bilaterian central or posterior genes; second, two clustered ParaHox
 genes, Gsx and a gene related to Xlox and Cdx, are found in Nematostella
 vectensis; and third, we do not find clear phylogenetic support for a
 common origin of bilaterian Cdx and posterior genes, which might therefore
 have appeared after the ProtoHox cluster duplication. Consequently, the
 ProtoHox cluster might have consisted of only two anterior genes.
 Non-anterior genes could have appeared independently in the Hox and
 ParaHox clusters, possibly after the separation of bilaterians and
 cnidarians.
description: Chourrout-Nature2006_82taxaAlignment of the homeodomain for 82 bilaterian Hox and ParaHox genesChourrout-Nature2006_92taxaAlignment of the homeodomain for 92 Hox and ParaHox genes from bilaterian and the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf29k
title: Data from: Multimodal coordination enhances the responses to an avian duet

description: Animals communicate with their whole bodies, so their signals can be
 complex and multimodal. The joint intelligibility of multimodal signal
 components depends on their temporal coordination, which, when only one
 signaler is involved, depends on the synchronization between the different
 modalities of signals involved. Coordination is a challenge, however, in
 cooperatively signaling species because it requires continuous monitoring
 of the partner’s behavior. Previous research showed that vocal
 coordination between cooperating individuals increases the perceived
 threat of the display; little is known, however, about the influence of
 multimodal coordination on the communication behavior of receivers to
 cooperative displays. I tested the function of multimodal coordination in
 the duets of the Australian magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca. I used a
 male-female pair of robot models to manipulate the temporal coordination
 between individuals and between sensory modalities. Precise coordination
 of the vocal and visual components of duets increased the perceived
 territorial threat of these joint displays. However, displays coordinated
 between individuals but not between modalities, and displays coordinated
 between modalities but not between individuals, were less effective,
 suggesting that the lack of coordination in one channel cancels benefits
 of coordination in the other. This study shows that multimodal
 coordination within individuals, in addition to coordination within
 modalities between individuals, enhances the perceptual integration and
 efficiency of avian duets.
description: Ręk.2017.DatasetThe file contains data reported in the manuscript with description of variables in headings.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5rq76
title: Data from: How do doctors and nurses manage delirium in intensive care units? A qualitative study using focus groups.

description: Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of
 doctors and nurses caring for patients with delirium in the intensive care
 unit (ICU) and to describe the process of delirium management. Setting:
 This study was performed in 5 ICUs located within 4 hospitals in Madrid
 (Spain). Participants: Purposeful sampling was performed which included
 (1) doctors and nurses working in ICUs, (2) with &gt;1 year experience
 in the ICU and (3) clinical experience with delirium. 38 professionals
 participated (19 doctors, 19 nurses), including 22 women and 16 men. The
 total mean age was 39 years. Design: A qualitative study using focus
 groups. Methods: 7 focus groups were held to collect data: 3 nurse focus
 groups, 3 doctor focus groups and 1 mixed focus group. Each group
 comprised 6–10 participants. A semistructured questions guide was used.
 Thematic analysis methods were used to analyse the data. Results: 3 themes
 were identified: (1) the professional perspective on delirium; (2)
 implementing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment for
 delirium and (3) work organisation in the ICU. The professionals regarded
 patients with delirium with uncertainty, and felt they were often
 underdiagnosed and poorly managed. Doctors displayed discrepancies
 regarding pharmacological prescriptions and decision-making. The choice of
 medication was determined by experience. Nurses felt that, for many
 doctors, delirium was not considered a matter of urgency in the ICU.
 Nurses encountered difficulties when applying verbal restraint, managing
 sleep disorders and providing early mobilisation. The lack of a delirium
 protocol generates conflicts regarding what type of care management to
 apply, especially during the night shift. A degree of group pressure
 exists which, in turn, influences the decision-making process and patient
 care. Conclusions: Patients with delirium represent complex cases,
 requiring the implementation of specific protocols. These results serve to
 improve the process of care in patients with delirium.
description: Delirium management ICU
 focus group study-Sociodemographic and ICU dataDescription of:Time
 (minutes); Focus group; Participant Code; Age; Sex; Professional
 experience (years on duty) in intensive care unit; Kind of intensive care
 unitDelirium management ICU
 Sociodemographic and ICU data
 Dryad.xlsx