DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q3j73
title: Data from: At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)

description: Most meiofaunal species are known to have a broad distribution with no
 apparent barriers to their dispersion. However, different morphological
 and/or molecular methods supported patterns of diversity and distribution
 that may be different among taxa while also conflicting within the same
 group. We accurately assessed the patterns of geographic distribution in
 actual genetic species of a marine meiofaunal animal model:
 Ototyphlonemertes. Specimens were collected from several sites around
 Europe, Northern and Central America, Southern America, Pacific Islands
 and Asia. We sequenced regions of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes.
 Using single-gene, a concatenated data set, multilocus approaches and
 different DNA taxonomy methods, we disentangled the actual diversity and
 the spatial structures of haplotypes and tested the possible correlation
 between genetic diversity and geographic distance. The results show (i)
 the importance of using several genes to uncover both diversity and
 highlight phylogeographic relationships among species and that (ii)
 independent genetic evolutionary entities have a narrower distribution
 than morphological species. Moreover, (iii) a Mantel test supported a
 positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance. By
 sampling from the two sides of Isthmus of Panama, we were additionally
 able to identify lineage divergence times that are concordant with
 vicariance mechanisms caused by the geological closure of the seaway
 across the Isthmus. We therefore propose that in addition to distance,
 other geological and ecological conditions are also barriers to the
 dispersion of and gene flow in marine meiofaunal organisms.
description: Table
 S1Table S1 (Supporting
 information). List of specimens, their geographical and genetic
 information used for this study, and GenBank accession numbers. H. =
 haplotype. Specimens followed by "*" were used only for the the
 population structure analyses. GenBank codes in between "|" are
 from Leasi and Norenburg 2014.TableS1.xlsxTable S2Matrix of geographic distance in km among all sampled sites estimated considering the minimum distance between sites, assuming the modern geological conformation, and circumnavigating lands.TableS2.csvAlignmentsS3 Fasta file including COI sequences used for the concatenated dataset. S4 Fasta file including 16S sequences used for the concatenated dataset. S5 Fasta file including 18S sequences used for the concatenated dataset. S6 Fasta file including 28S sequences used for the concatenated dataset. S7 Fasta file including all COI sequences used for the population structure analyses.Genetic and Geographic MatricesMatrices of genetic (COI) and geographic (km) distances for each morphological group used for population structure analyses. S8-S14 Matrices of genetic distances. S15-S21 Matrices of geographic distances.TreesGene Trees obtained by single gene and concatenated alignments: S22 (BI COI); S23 (BI 16S); S24 (BI 18S); S25 (BI 28S); S26 (BI Concatenated); S27 (ML Concatenated); S28 (Ultrametric, BEAST Concatenated).