cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnsc
title: Data from: A synthesis of the prevalence and drivers of non-compliance in marine protected areas

description: Non-compliance regularly negates the effectiveness of marine protected
 areas (MPAs) worldwide. Understanding and addressing non-compliance is
 critical given continued efforts to establish MPAs to meet international
 milestones (e.g., Aichi targets). We conducted a literature review and
 meta-analysis to address five key questions and research gaps for MPAs: 1)
 how is non-compliance best measured? 2) what are common drivers of
 non-compliance? 3) what is the overall prevalence of non-compliance? 4)
 how frequently is ecological failure of MPAs attributed to non-compliance?
 and 5) are there measurable management impacts on regulated fishing in
 MPAs (i.e., effective reduction of fishing)? We found 151 papers that had
 some focus on non-compliant resource extraction in MPAs and 96 that
 quantified it. Insufficient enforcement was the most cited driver of
 non-compliance, followed by several socio-economic drivers including lack
 of awareness, livelihood/economic gain, social norms, and ineffective
 governance. Prohibited fishing in MPAs was often reduced compared to
 outside areas, as shown by our meta-analysis. However, we found frequent
 reports and measures of non-compliance globally, and many cases of failed
 ecological performance attributed primarily to non-compliance (57% of 67
 relevant studies). Overall, our synthesis demonstrates that non-compliance
 continues to be a prevalent issue for MPAs. Reducing non-compliance and
 ensuring effective MPAs will rely on continuous evaluation of
 non-compliance to inform adaptive management, as well as addressing the
 complex, interrelated drivers that arise throughout MPA planning,
 establishment, and management.
description: Systematic literature review
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc89w
title: Cache site exploitations by Canada jays (Perisoreus canadensis)

description: This dataset examines caching preferences by Canada jays, and contains the
 results of three behavioural captive experiments. The first looks at
 overall caching preference, the second looks at the processing of
 olfactory information and the third investigates the influence of
 structural cues.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj32
title: Cannibalism of newly-metamorphosed juvenile sea stars

description: Cannibalism is widespread across the animal kingdom, occurring in more
 than 1300 species of invertebrates and vertebrates across terrestrial and
 aquatic habitats (Fox, 1975; Polis, 1981; Elgar and Crespi, 1992).
 Cannibalism, defined as the consumption of all or part of a conspecific
 individual, can occur during multiple stages in the life cycle of an
 organism (Elgar and Crespi, 1992).  As such, cannibalism
 potentially affects animal behavior, life history strategies, population
 size and reproductive success (Cushing et al., 2015). Intra- and
 inter-specific competition, overcrowding, lack of food, or poor quality
 food are all stressors that induce cannibalistic behavior (Elgar et al.,
 1992). Cannibalistic individuals should even be selected for since those
 individuals would gain nutritional resources with high stoichiometric
 compatibility and face decreased intraspecific competition (MacArthur et
 al., 1966; Mitra & Flynn, 2005). Acquisition of high quality
 nutrients and reduced competition lead to increased growth efficiency and
 survivorship (Mitra & Flynn, 2005), so cannibals are more likely
 to survive high conspecific recruitment years and low prey recruitment
 years. As a result, cannibalistic individuals are more likely to
 successfully reproduce and spread cannibalistic tendencies throughout
 their population, a strategy that has recently been shown to be
 evolutionarily stable (Cushing et al., 2015). While cannibalism is
 therefore both predicted and observed to be widespread in nature, we have
 recently observed cannibalism in an unexpected setting: among newly
 metamorphosed juvenile sea stars (Figure 1; VideoS1). Cannibalism among
 juveniles has been reported in Arachnids, Insects, Amphibians and Reptiles
 (reviewed by Elgar and Crispi, 1992), but has only rarely been reported or
 described in marine invertebrates (but see Byrne,
 1996).
DOI: 10.25338/b8n33j
title: Mucilage-binding to ground protects seeds of many plants from harvester ants: a functional investigation

description: The seeds of many plant species produce mucilage on their surfaces that
 when wetted and dried, firmly adheres seeds to surfaces and substrates.
 Previous studies have demonstrated that seed anchorage to the ground can
 reduce seed predation, though only a few species have thus far been
 tested. Here we investigated whether binding to the ground reduces seed
 removal by harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex subdentatus), an important
 granivore, for 53 species with mucilaginous seeds. We also explored
 functional traits that associate with seed removal risk to understand the
 ecological and evolutionary context of this granivory resistance trait.
 Using a field cafeteria choice experiment, we compared harvester ant seed
 removal of wetted ground-bound seeds to dry unbound control seeds for
 these 53 species. In the lab, we developed a simple assay to score
 dislodgement force. We examined whether this force, seed mass, and seed
 mucilage production explained the interspecific variation in protection
 that we observed in field seed removal. We integrated these experiments
 with a broad scale test of correlates of seed attachment using a
 previously published data set of attachment potential of mucilaginous
 seeds for 432 species, examining correlations of attachment potential with
 13 plant traits and the climate characteristics of the species’ range.
 Binding to the ground reduced seed removal in 42 out of 53 species tested.
 The benefit increased with assayed seed dislodgement force, which itself
 increased with mucilage production, but not with seed mass. In the larger
 dataset, shorter plant life span, higher temperature, more solar
 radiation, higher humidity, fewer wet days per year, and higher seed
 density correlated positively with the odds of seed attachment. We also
 found that attachment potential showed a concave down quadratic
 relationship with latitude, peaking at roughly 30°. No strong evidence
 that any of the other six predictors correlated with attachment potential
 was found. We demonstrate that protection from granivores is a widespread
 convergent function of seed mucilage and is associated with mucilage
 production. We highlight the need for increased mechanistic investigations
 into this common but poorly studied trait, particularly in relation to
 functional drivers of the broad patterns we found.
description: See manuscript and supplement
description: See README attached.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6g748j
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 310 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Eragrostis japonica"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 310 records from 51 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002780-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280q4
title: Dataset: Drivers of local extinction risk in alpine plants under warming climate

description: The scarcity of local plant extinctions following recent climate change
 has been explained by demographic inertia and lags in the displacement of
 resident species by novel species, generating an “extinction debt”. We
 established a transplant experiment to disentangle the contribution of
 these processes to local extinction risk of four alpine plants in the
 Swiss Alps. Projected population growth (λ) derived from integral
 projection models was reduced by 0.07/°C of warming on average, while
 novel species additionally decreased λ by 0.15 across warming levels.
 Effects of novel species on predicted extinction time were greatest at
 warming &lt;2°C for two species. Projected population declines under
 both warming and with novel species were primarily driven by increased
 mortality. Our results suggest that extinction debt can be explained by a
 combination of demographic inertia and lags in novel species
 establishment, with the latter being particularly important for some
 species under low levels of warming.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fqz612js0
title: Response diversity in corals: hidden differences in bleaching mortality among cryptic Pocillopora species

description: Variation among functionally similar species in their response to
 environmental stress buffers ecosystems from changing states. Functionally
 similar species may often be cryptic species representing evolutionarily
 distinct genetic lineages that are morphologically indistinguishable.
 However, the extent to which cryptic species differ in their response to
 stress, and could therefore provide a source of response diversity,
 remains unclear because they are often not identified or are assumed to be
 ecologically equivalent. Here, we uncover differences in the bleaching
 response between sympatric cryptic species of the common Indo-Pacific
 coral, Pocillopora. In April 2019, prolonged ocean heating occurred at
 Moorea, French Polynesia. 72% of pocilloporid colonies bleached after 22
 days of severe heating (&gt;8°C-days) at 10 m depth on the north shore
 fore reef. Colony mortality ranged from 11% to 42% around the island four
 months after heating subsided. The majority (86%) of pocilloporids that
 died from bleaching belonged to a single haplotype, despite twelve
 haplotypes, representing at least five species, being sampled.
 Mitochondrial (open reading frame) sequence variation was greater between
 the haplotypes that experienced mortality versus haplotypes that all
 survived than it was between nominal species that all survived. Colonies
 &gt;30 cm in diameter were identified as the haplotype experiencing
 the most mortality, and in 1125 colonies that were not genetically
 identified, bleaching and mortality increased with colony size. Mortality
 did not increase with colony size within the haplotype suffering the
 highest mortality, suggesting that size-dependent bleaching and mortality
 at the genus level was caused instead by differences among cryptic
 species. The relative abundance of haplotypes shifted between February and
 August, driven by declines in the same common haplotype for which
 mortality was estimated directly, at sites where heat accumulation was
 greatest, and where larger colony sizes occurred. The identification of
 morphologically indistinguishable species that differ in their response to
 thermal stress, but share a similar ecological function in terms of
 maintaining a coral-dominated state, has important consequences for
 uncovering response diversity that drives resilience, especially in
 systems with low or declining functional diversity.
description: Please see the README.txt file for metadata and description of R
 code files
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmdt
title: R-locus for roaned coat is associated with a tandem duplication in an intronic region of USH2A in dogs and also contributes to Dalmatian spotting

description: Structural variations (SVs) represent a large fraction of all genetic
 diversity, but how this genetic diversity is translated into phenotypic
 and organismal diversity is unclear. Explosive diversification of dog coat
 color and patterns after domestication can provide a unique opportunity to
 explore this question; however, the major obstacle is to efficiently
 collect a sufficient number of individuals with known phenotypes and
 genotypes of hundreds of thousands of markers. Using customer-provided
 information about coat color and patterns of dogs tested on a commercial
 canine genotyping platform, we identified a genomic region on chromosome
 38 that is strongly associated with a mottled coat pattern (roaning) by
 genome-wide association study. We identified a putative causal variant in
 this region, an 11-kb tandem duplication (11,131,835-11,143,237)
 characterized by sequence read coverage and discordant reads of
 whole-genome sequence data, microarray probe intensity data, and a
 duplication-specific PCR assay. The tandem duplication is in an intronic
 region of usherin gene (USH2A), which was perfectly associated with
 roaning but absent in non-roaned dogs. We detected strong selection
 signals in this region characterized by reduced nucleotide diversity (π),
 increased runs of homozygosity, and extended haplotype homozygosity in
 Wirehaired Pointing Griffons and Australian Cattle Dogs (typically roaned
 breeds), as well as elevated genetic difference (FST) between Wirehaired
 Pointing Griffon (roaned) and Labrador Retriever (non-roaned).
 Surprisingly, all Dalmatians (N = 262) carried the duplication embedded in
 identical or similar haplotypes with roaned dogs, indicating this region
 as a shared target of selection during the breed’s formation. We propose
 that the Dalmatian’s unique spots were a derived coat pattern by
 establishing a novel epistatic interaction between roaning “R-locus” on
 chromosome 38 and an uncharacterized modifier locus. These results
 highlight the utility of consumer-oriented genotype and phenotype data in
 the discovery of genomic regions contributing to phenotypic diversity in
 dogs.
description: DNA was extracted from buccal swab samples collected by dog
 owners and extracted by Illumina, Inc. Genotypes of the dogs were
 collected by using custom Illumina Canine high-density SNP arrays (a total
 of 220,484 markers).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr80d
title: Experimental admixture among geographically disjunct populations of an invasive plant yields a global mosaic of reproductive incompatibility and heterosis

description: 1. Invasive species have the ability to rapidly adapt in the new regions
 where they are introduced. Classic evolutionary theory predicts that the
 accumulation of genetic differences over time in allopatric isolation may
 lead to reproductive incompatibilities resulting in decreases in
 reproductive success and, eventually, to speciation. However, experimental
 evidence for this theoretical prediction in the context of invasive
 species is lacking. We aimed to test for the potential of allopatry to
 determine reproductive success of invasive plants, by experimentally
 admixing genotypes from six different native and non-native regions of
 Centaurea solstitialis, an invasive forb for which preliminary studies
 have detected some degree of reproductive isolation between one native and
 non-native region. 2. We grew plants under common garden conditions and
 outcrossed individuals originating from different source populations in
 the native and introduced range to evaluate reproductive success in terms
 of seed to ovule ratio produced. We also assessed geographic and genetic
 isolation among C. solstitialis regions as a potential driving factor of
 reproductive success. 3. Experimental admixture generated mixed fitness
 effects, including significant increases, decreases, and no differences in
 reproductive success as compared to crosses within population (control).
 Centaurea solstitialis invasive populations in the Americas generated
 preponderantly negative fitness interactions, regardless of the pollen
 source, suggesting selection against immigrants and reinforcement. Other
 non-native populations (Australia) as well as individuals from the native
 range of Spain demonstrated an increase in fitness for between-region
 crosses, indicating inbreeding. These differences show an asymmetrical
 response to inter-regional gene flow, but no evidence of isolation by
 distance. 4. Synthesis. The speed of adaptation and the accumulation of
 reproductive incompatibilities among allopatric populations of invasive
 species might be more rapid than previously assumed. Our data shows a
 global mosaic of reproductive outputs, showcasing an array of evolutionary
 processes unfolding during colonization at large biogeographical scales.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ksn02v73h
title: Raw data from: Experimental evolution can enhance benefits of rhizobia to novel legume hosts

description: Legumes preferentially associate with and reward beneficial rhizobia in
 root nodules, but the processes by which rhizobia evolve to provide
 benefits to novel hosts remain poorly understood. Using cycles of
 in planta and in vitro evolution, we experimentally simulated lifestyles
 where rhizobia repeatedly interact with novel plant genotypes with which
 they initially provide negligible benefits. Using a fullfactorial
 replicated design, we independently evolved two rhizobia strains in
 associations with each of two Lotus japonicus genotypes that vary in
 regulation of nodule formation. We evaluated phenotypic evolution of
 rhizobia by quantifying fitness, growth effects, and histological features
 on hosts, and molecular evolution via genome resequencing.
 Rhizobia evolved enhanced host benefits and caused changes in nodule
 development in one of the four host-symbiont combinations, that appeared
 to be driven by reduced costs during symbiosis, rather than increased
 nitrogen fixation. Descendent populations included genetic changes that
 could alter rhizobial infection or proliferation in host tissues, but lack
 of evidence for fixation of these mutations weakens the results. Evolution
 of enhanced rhizobial benefits occurred only in a subset of
 experiments, suggesting a role for host-symbiont genotype interactions in
 mediating the evolution of enhanced benefits from symbionts.
description: <strong>PassagingRaw</strong>
 Shoot biomass and number of nodules formed during
 passaging
 <strong>PassagingSummary</strong>
 Summary of data collected from both replicate passage lineages
 for each host and symbiont combination 
 <strong>invitroGrowth</strong>
 <em>in vitro</em> growth rate measured for ancestral
 and derived symbionts.
 <strong>GHExperimentRaw</strong>
 Raw data from the greenhouse experiment comparing ancestral and
 derived phenotypes
 <strong>Culturing</strong> Nodule
 culturing data from the greenhouse experiment
 <b>IsotopeAnalysis</b> Carbon and
 Nitrogen isotope data from leaves of plants in the greenhouse
 experiment
 <strong>HistologyRaw</strong> Raw
 nodule histology data from the greenhouse experiment
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmp6
title: The role of fishes as food: A functional perspective on predator-prey interactions

description: Every animal dies. In nature, mortality usually occurs due to predation by
 other animals. One of the fundamental consequences of mortality is the
 transfer of energy and nutrients from one organism (prey) to another
 (predator). On coral reefs, these key interactions and processes, that are
 essential for ecosystem functioning, are primarily mediated by fishes; up
 to 53% of fishes on coral reefs can be regarded as piscivorous. To date,
 piscivory on coral reefs has been primarily studied with regards to the
 species piscivores feed on, and how piscivores control populations.
 Consequently, understanding prey selectivity by piscivorous fishes has
 been a major goal. However, prey functional traits may also be important
 in understanding these ‘energy transactions’, especially in complex
 ecosystems such as coral reefs. Our goal, therefore, was to quantify - at
 a community level - functional traits of prey that have been shown to
 influence predator-prey interactions. We found that, on average,
 deep-bodied, social fishes occupy higher positions in the water column,
 whereas solitary species are usually elongate and more closely associated
 with the benthos. On closer examination, we found that solitary species
 have a size-dependent relationship, with substratum associations shifting
 to water column associations, at approximately 50 mm body length. Our
 results reveal three distinct prey functional groups: cryptobenthic
 substratum dwellers, solitary epibenthic, and social fishes. These groups
 display significant differences in their morphologies and behaviours.
 Furthermore, based on a meta-analysis of published mortality rates of
 small-bodied (&lt; 100 mm TL) reef fishes, we show that the three
 groups display different mortality rates, possibly due to differential
 exposure to, and potential to be captured by, different predator types.
 Although fishes are widely available on coral reefs, they may not be
 equally available as prey to all piscivore types. Prey are not simply
 victims; they are capable of influencing potential predation through
 functional traits.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np5hqbzsb
title: Australian fur seal foraging consistency data

description: Substantial variation in foraging strategies can exist within populations,
 even those typically regarded as generalists. Specialisations arise from
 the consistent exploitation of a narrow behavioural, spatial or dietary
 niche over time, which may reduce intra-specific competition and influence
 adaptability to environmental change. However, few studies have
 investigated whether behavioural consistency confers benefits at the
 individual and/or population level. While still recovering from commercial
 sealing over-exploitation, Australian fur seals (AUFS; Arctocephalus
 pusillus doriferus) represent the largest marine predator biomass in
 south-eastern Australia. During lactation, female AUFS adopt a
 central-place foraging strategy and are, thus, vulnerable to changes in
 prey availability. The present study investigated the population-level
 repeatability and individual consistency in foraging behaviour of 34
 lactating female AUFS at a south-east Australian breeding colony between
 2006 and 2019. Additionally, the influence of individual-level behavioural
 consistency on indices of foraging success and efficiency during benthic
 diving was determined. Low to moderate population-level repeatability was
 observed across foraging behaviours, with the greatest repeatability in
 the mean bearing and modal dive depth. Individual-level consistency was
 greatest for the proportion of benthic diving, total distance travelled
 and trip duration. Indices of benthic foraging success and efficiency were
 positively influenced by consistency in the proportion of benthic diving,
 trip duration and dive rate but not influenced by consistency in bearing
 to most distal point, dive depth or foraging site fidelity. The results of
 the present study provide evidence of the benefits of consistency for
 individuals, which may have flow-on effects at the population level.
description: AUFS_consistency_data.csv was used to conduct the Repeatability
 analyses. AUFS_CV_data.csv was used to assess the influence of individual
 consistency on the Foraging Trip Efficiency Index and Foraging Trip
 Success Index.