DOI: 10.15493/dea.mims.09982023
title: Processed underway Thermosalinograph (TSG) observations from the Southern Ocean Seasonal Experiment 2022 on the SA Agulhas II Voyage 053, July 2022

description: 6-second resolution processed Thermosalinograph (TSG) data collected between 12 July and 30 July 2022 on the SA Agulhas II Voyage 053
description: Here we present the 6-second resolution processed Thermosalinograph (TSG) data collected between 12 July and 30 July 2022 on the SA Agulhas II Voyage 053. A SeaBird SBE45 TSG is used to opportunistically collect underway near-surface temperature and conductivity measurements during research and monitoring cruises. Water is continuously pumped to the TSG from an intake located in the hull of the vessel, and the observations are continuously interfaced with navigational information. A temperature sensor close to the intake provides temperature measurements of the incoming water (T1). The temperature of the water inside the conductivity cell (T2) is used to accurately compute salinity (S) from the conductivity measurements (C). This cruise was included as a final component of the SCALE programme (Southern oCean seAsonaL Experiment, https://scale.org.za), a bottom-up endeavour of the SA scientific community to address the limited multidisciplinary knowledge on the seasonal cycle of the Southern Ocean. The seasonal cycle is an important mode of variability that couples the physical mechanisms of climate forcing to ecosystem response in phytoplankton diversity, primary production, and carbon export. Model simulations of the Southern Hemisphere tend to misestimate the magnitude and miss the timing of the Southern Ocean seasonal cycle both in terms of the seasonality of surface ocean warming and cooling, sea ice advancement/retreat, carbon dioxide exchanges and simulated primary production. Our capability to predict the ongoing shifts and future responses is therefore limited. This drives the need for more physical and biogeochemical data sets that address the problem of knowledge and model biases; firstly, to identify them, and secondly to characterise the associated mechanisms that will allow improved projections.
description: The SeaBird SBE45 Thermosalinograph (TSG) is used on the SA Agulhas II for the collection of underway near-surface temperature and conductivity measurements. The underway seawater is obtained from a depth of 7m below the surface and pumped through the TSG. Data is collected using the most recent SeaBird (SBE) SeaSave software and processed using the most recent SBE data processing software. The software was set to record data at 6 second intervals for the duration of the cruise, between 12 July and 30 July 2022. Data was collected in the southern part of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) region and in the Southern Oceans. Unreliable TSG measurements can result from a variety of problems encountered during the cruises, including insufficient water flow, extreme air bubbling during severely adverse weather conditions, debris trapped in the system, or a variety of electronic failures. Detailed visual inspection of the ship trajectory and TSG measurements, as well as comparisons with other concurrent and historical near-surface measurements, and expert knowledge of local conditions, were used to identify and remove all unreliable data.