DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb60h
title: Antioxidant cysteine and methionine derivatives show trachea disruption in insects

description: To prevent the deterioration of the global environment, the reduction of
 chemical pesticide use and the development of eco-friendly pest control
 technologies are urgent issues. Our recent study revealed that the
 production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dual oxidase (Duox) plays a
 pivotal role in stabilizing the tracheal network by intermediating the
 tyrosine cross-linking of proteins that constitute trachea. Notably, the
 formation of dityrosine bonds by ROS can be inhibited by the intake of an
 antioxidant cysteine derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which can
 suppress insect respiration. In this study, we screened for the
 derivatives showing insecticidal activity and tracheal formation
 inhibition. As a result of investigating the soybean pest bug Riptortus
 pedestris, cysteine and methionine derivatives showed respiratory
 formation inhibition and high insecticidal activity. In particular, NAC
 had a slow-acting insecticidal effect, while L-cysteine methyl ester
 (L-CME) showed relatively fast-acting insecticidal activity. Furthermore,
 the insecticidal activity of these derivatives was also detected in
 Drosophila, mealworms, cockroaches, termites, and plant bugs. Our results
 suggest that some antioxidant compounds have specific tracheal inhibitory
 activity in different insect species and they may be used as novel pest
 control agents upon further characterization.
description: # Antioxidant cysteine and methionine derivatives show insecticidal
 activity by disrupting tracheal formation
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb60h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb60h) These datasets include Supplementary information from the research paper "Antioxidant cysteine and methionine derivatives show insecticidal activity by disrupting tracheal formation." ## Description of the data and file structure The datasets are included in a Zip file. The files show the raw data of figures. "n/a" means "not applicable," and "null" means "no data" in the datasets. 1\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_Fig1.csv Mortality of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with each of the antioxidants (10 mg/ml, pH 6.8) after 14 days of treatment (mean ± SD, n = 3~5). In each replicate, 10 to 15 insects were reared in a petri dish, and the mortality rate was measured. In each replicate, 10 to 15 insects were reared in a petri dish, and the mortality rate was measured. 2\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_Fig3.csv Mortality of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with the antioxidants adjusted to 1 mg/ml, pH 6.8. Mortality (%) was measured 7 days after treatment (mean ± SD, n = 3). In each replicate, 10 to 15 insects were reared in a petri dish and mortality rate was measured. Abbreviations: DW, Distilled water; NAC, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; L-Cys, L-cysteine; L-CME, L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride; L-CEE, L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride; D-Cys, D-cysteine; D-CME, D-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride; D-PA, D-penicillamine; 2-AET, 2-amino ethanethiol; L-Met, L-methionine; L-MME, L-methionine methyl ester hydrochloride. 3\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_Fig4E.csv The adults of *R.pedestris* were treated by the antioxidant cysteine and methionine derivatives. The mortalities (%) were calculated after 7 days. The concentration was adjusted to 10 mg / ml. 4\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_Fig5.csv Mortality of diverse insect species when they were fed on the antioxidant cysteine derivatives (10 mg/ml, pH 6.8). The numbers on the graph indicate the number of deaths/treated individuals. Mortality was observed at: 7 days after treatment in the green plant bug *A. spinolae* and japanese termite *R. speratus*; 14 days after treatment in the red loach *B. lateralis* and the mealworm *T. molitor*; 2 days after treatment in *Drosophila. Each treatment was compared with the sterile water (showed as "vs_DW") treatment (ns; no significant, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01; ***, p &lt; 0.005; Fisher's exact test). 5\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_FigS3.csv The survival rate (%) of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with distilled water, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and urea. Kaplan-Meier curbs (Fig. 1B Controls) were generated by this sheet survival data. Survival rates and nymphal stages of *R. pedestris*. Observations started from the 3rd instar nymphs. The total numbers of insects at the starting time (day 0) are shown in brackets after the chemical names. 6\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_FigS4_2-AET.csv The survival rate (%) of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with 2-amino ethanethiol. Kaplan-Meier curb (Fig. 1B 2-AET) was generated by this sheet survival data. Survival rates and nymphal stages of *R. pedestris*. Observations started from the 3rd instar nymphs. The total numbers of insects at the starting time (day 0) are shown in brackets after the chemical names. Abbreviation: 2-AET, 2-amino ethanethiol. 7\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_FigS4_D-Cysteine_derivatives.csv The survival rate (%) of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with D-Cysteine derivatives. Kaplan-Meier curbs (Fig. 1B D-Cysteine derivatives) were generated by this sheet survival data. Survival rates and nymphal stages of *R. pedestris*. Observations started from the 3rd instar nymphs. The total numbers of insects at the starting time (day 0) are shown in brackets after the chemical names. Abbreviations: D-Cys, D-cysteine; D-CME, D-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride; D-PA, D-penicillamine. 8\.  PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_FigS4_L-Cysteine_derivatives.csv The survival rate (%) of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with L-Cysteine derivatives. Kaplan-Meier curbs (Fig. 1B L-Cysteine derivatives) were generated by this sheet survival data. Survival rates and nymphal stages of *R. pedestris*. Observations started from the 3rd instar nymphs. The total numbers of insects at the starting time (day 0) are shown in brackets after the chemical names. Abbreviations: NAC, *N*-Acetyl-L-cysteine; L-Cys, L-cysteine; L-CME, L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride; L-CEE, L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride. 9\. PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_FigS4_L-Methionine_derivatives.csv The survival rate (%) of *R. pedestris* nymphs treated with L-Methionine derivatives. Kaplan-Meier curbs (Fig. 1B L-Methionine derivatives) were generated by this sheet survival data. Survival rates and nymphal stages of *R. pedestris*. Observations started from the 3rd instar nymphs. The total numbers of insects at the starting time (day 0) are shown in brackets after the chemical names. Abbreviations: L-Met, L-methionine; L-MME, L-methionine methyl ester hydrochloride. 10\.  PLoS_ONE_Antioxidant_Rawdata_FigS5.csv Mortality (%) of *R. pedestris* adults fed the antioxidant cysteine and methionine derivatives. Results of female (F) and male (M) are shown. Mortalities were observed 7 days after treatment (mean ± SD, n = 3). In each replicate, five female and five male individuals were reared in a petri dish, and their mortality was observed. Abbreviations: DW, Distilled water; NAC, *N*-Acetyl-L-cysteine; L-Cys, L-cysteine; L-CME, L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride; L-CEE, L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride; D-Cys, D-cysteine; D-CME, D-cysteine methyl ## Sharing/Access information Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: * [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb60h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb60h) ## Code/Software We used the software below. 1. Prism 10 (Statistical analysis software): [https://www.graphpad.com/features](https://www.graphpad.com/features) 2. ImageJ (Image analyzing software): Schneider CA, Rasband W, Eliceiri KW. NHI Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods. 2012; 9: 671-675. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089](https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089) PMID: 22930834