DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gtht76hvc
title: Data from: The potential of undersown species identity vs. diversity to manage disease in crops

description: In the absence of chemical control with its negative side effects, fungal
 pathogens can cause large yield losses, requiring us to develop
 agroecosystems that are inherently disease resistant. Grassland
 biodiversity experiments often find plant species diversity to reduce
 pathogen pressure, but whether incorporating high biodiversity levels in
 agricultural fields have similar effects remains largely unknown. We
 tested if undersown plant species diversity could reduce barley disease,
 and whether the effect was mediated through above- or belowground
 mechanisms, by combining an agricultural field trial with a soil
 transplant experiment. As predicted, barley disease decreased in the
 presence of undersown plants. Undersown species richness had no effect,
 but their abundance led to early season disease reduction. Aboveground
 mechanisms underpinned this disease reduction. Barley yield slightly
 decreased with increasing undersown species richness, and undersown
 species varied in their impact on yield. We identified two undersown
 species, Trifolium repens and T. hybridum, that contributed most
 to disease reduction and had the potential to increase barley yield.
 Furthermore, our results indicate that aboveground mechanisms caused this.
 We show that agroecosystem functioning can be improved without trade-offs
 on yield by targeted selection of undersown species.
description: # Data for: The potential of undersown species identity vs. diversity to
 manage disease in crops
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hvc](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hvc) The following datasets were used for the analyses presented in the manuscript "The potential of undersown species identity vs. diversity to manage disease in crops" by Seraina L. Cappelli, Luiz A. Domeignoz Horta, Stephanie Gerin, Jussi Heinonsalo, Annalea Lohila, Krista Raveala, Bernhard Schmid, Rashmi Shrestha, Mikko J. Tiusanen, Paula Thitz, Anna-Liisa Laine, published in Functional Ecology in 2024 -TWINWIN_2020_disease.csv -TWINWIN_2020_yield.csv -Soil_Transplant_Experiment_2020_disease_time_1.csv -Soil_Transplant_Experiment_2020_disease_time_2.csv -Soil_Transplant_Experiment_2020_microbial_community.csv ## Description of the data and file structure \############################ \# TWINWIN_2020_disease.csv # \############################ This datasets contains the damage data of the barley plant leaves in the TWINWIN experiment assessed in mid July 2020. Variables: \---------- block unique TWINWIN block ID (1-4) plot unique TWINWIN plot ID (1-60) full_treatment treatment code. Combination of species richness (D0, D1, D2, D4, D8) and undersown species abbreviations (see below). Barefallows: BF, herbicide treatment: H **richness** Species richness of the undersown community in the plot: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 **functional_diversity** Functional diversity: number of unique functional groups (combination of functional traits): 1-4 **herbicide** Herbicide treatment: 0, 1 **undersowing** Undersowing: 0, 1 (undersown species richness 0 or &gt;0) **IR_p** Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) presence **TG_p** Phleum pratense (Timoty grass) presence **AC_p** Trifolium hybridum (Alsike clover) presence **WC_p** Trifolium repens (White clover) presence **AA_p** Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) presence **RC_p** Trifolium pratense (Red clover) presence **FA_p** Festuca arundinacea presence **CI_p** Cichorium intybus presence **IR_a** Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) relative abundance **TG_a** Phleum pratense (Timoty grass) relative abundance **AC_a** Trifolium hybridum (Alsike clover) relative abundance **WC_a** Trifolium repens (White clover) relative abundance **AA_a** Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) relative abundance **RC_a** Trifolium pratense (Red clover) relative abundance **FA_a** Festuca arundinacea relative abundance **CI_a** Cichorium intybus relative abundance **individual** Individual ID **leaf_position** Indicator of leaf age based on whether the surveyed leaf was the highest, second highest or third highest fully expanded leave (1-3) **damage** Damage categories: ``` - 0: 0% leaf area damaged - 1: 1-10% leaf area damaged - 2: 10-25% leaf area damaged - 3: 25-50% leaf area damaged - 4: 50-100% leaf area damaged ``` \########################## \# TWINWIN_2020_yield.csv # \########################## This datasets contains the 2020 barley yield data of the TWINWIN experiment. Variables: \---------- **block** unique TWINWIN block ID (1-4) **plot** unique TWINWIN plot ID (1-60) **full_treatment** treatment code. Combination of species richness (D0, D1, D2, D4, D8) and undersown species abbreviations (see below). Barefallows: BF, herbicide treatment: H **treatment** simplified treatments: BF, D0, D0H, D1IR, D1TG, D1AC, D1WC, D1AA, D1RC, D1FA, D1CI, D2 (grouped), D4 (grouped), D8 **richness** Species richness of the undersown community in the plot: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 **functional_diversity** Functional diversity: number of unique functional groups (combination of functional traits): 1-4 **herbicide** Herbicide treatment: 0, 1 **undersowing** Undersowing: 0, 1 (undersown species richness 0 or &gt;0) **yield** Barley yield [tn/ha] \###################################################### \# Soil_Transplant_Experiment_2020_disease_time_1.csv # \# Soil_Transplant_Experiment_2020_disease_time_2.csv # \###################################################### Those two datasets contain the damage data of the barley plant leaves that were grown in pots. The dataset for time 1 was from early July 2020, the data set for time 2 was from early August 2020. Variables: \---------- **pot** Pot Number 1-5 (5 pots per environment x soil combination) **plot** Unique TWINWIN plot number. Plot in which the pot was placed. **environment** Treatment of the plot in which the pot was placed: ``` - D0: Barley alone - D1AC: Barley + Trifolium hybridum - D1AA: Barley + Medicago sativa - D1IR: Barley + Lolium multiflorum - D1FA: Barley + Festuca arundinacea - D4: Barley + T. hybridum, M.sativa, L. multiflorum, F. arundinacea - D8: Barley + all 8 TWINWIN species ``` **soil** Treatment of the plots from which the soil in the pot originated: ``` - D0: Barley alone - D1AC: Barley + Trifolium hybridum - D1AA: Barley + Medicago sativa - D1IR: Barley + Lolium multiflorum - D1FA: Barley + Festuca arundinacea - D4: Barley + T. hybridum, M.sativa, L. multiflorum, F. arundinacea - D8: Barley + all 8 TWINWIN species ``` **environment_richness** Species richness of the undersown community in the plot in which the pot was placed: 0, 1, 4, 8 **soil_origin_richness** Species richness of the undersown community in the plots from which the soil in the pot originated: 0, 1, 4, 8 **leaf_position** Indicator of leaf age based on whether the surveyed leaf was the highest, second highest or third highest fully expanded leave (1-3) **damage** Damage categories: ``` - 0: 0% leaf area damaged - 1: 1-10% leaf area damaged - 2: 10-25% leaf area damaged - 3: 25-50% leaf area damaged - 4: 50-100% leaf area damaged ``` \########################################################### \# Soil_Transplant_Experiment_2020_microbial_community.csv # \########################################################### This datasets contains the soil fungal community indices that were calculated for each pot based on the fungal OTUs and their feeding guild assigned using the funguild database. Variables: \---------- **pot** Pot Number 1-5 (5 pots per environment x soil combination) **plot** Unique TWINWIN plot number. Plot in which the pot was placed. **environment** Treatment of the plot in which the pot was placed: ``` - D0: Barley alone - D1AC: Barley + Trifolium hybridum - D1AA: Barley + Medicago sativa - D1IR: Barley + Lolium multiflorum - D1FA: Barley + Festuca arundinacea - D4: Barley + T. hybridum, M.sativa, L. multiflorum, F. arundinacea - D8: Barley + all 8 TWINWIN species ``` **soil** Treatment of the plots from which the soil in the pot originated: ``` - D0: Barley alone - D1AC: Barley + Trifolium hybridum - D1AA: Barley + Medicago sativa - D1IR: Barley + Lolium multiflorum - D1FA: Barley + Festuca arundinacea - D4: Barley + T. hybridum, M.sativa, L. multiflorum, F. arundinacea - D8: Barley + all 8 TWINWIN species ``` **environment_richness** Species richness of the undersown community in the plot in which the pot was placed: 0, 1, 4, 8 **soil_origin_richness** Species richness of the undersown community in the plots from which the soil in the pot originated: 0, 1, 4, 8 **shannon_diversity** Shannon diversity of all fungal OTUs **relative_abundance_pathogen_reads** contribution of pathogens to total fungal abundance **proportion_pathogenic_OTUs** contribution of pathogens to total fungal diversity **relative_abundance_AMF_reads** contribution of AMF to total fungal abundance **proportion_AMF_OTUs** contribution of AMF to total fungal diversity **presence_AMF** whether AMF fungi were absent or present (0/1) ## Sharing/Access information NA ## Code/Software NA