DOI: 10.7910/dvn/abhelf
title: Effect of operating conditions and technology on residential wood stove emissions for criteria, greenhouse gas, and hazardous air pollutants

description: This data set contains supplemental data of the following manuscript.

Title: Effect of operating conditions and technology on residential wood stove emissions for criteria, greenhouse gas, and hazardous air pollutants

Abstract:
Residential wood heating (RWH) is a known source of particulate matter (PM), hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, the influence of operational conditions on emissions from certified cordwood stoves in the United States (U.S.) remains poorly understood. This study analyzes emissions data from different operational phases, including start-up, high heat, and low heat, to improve indicators of real-world stove performance. We tested five commercially available U.S. stoves through the four distinct operational conditions or phases of the novel Integrated Duty Cycle (IDC) testing protocol, which simulates typical residential wood-burning patterns by incorporating start-up, high heat, medium (or “maintain) heat, and low heat (“overnight” burn) phases. We determined emissions factors (EFs) by IDC phase for criteria, GHG, and HAP compounds, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We also developed a multiple linear regression model to assess the effect of dry burn rate (DBR) and IDC phase on each pollutant EF by stove technology type. IDC phase significantly influenced (p &lt; 0.01) pollutant EFs from uncertified stoves and most emissions from catalytic/hybrid stoves, while DBR played a more substantial role in emissions from non-catalytic stoves. Current stove certification methods rely on a single nominal load under steady-state combustion, which does not reflect typical residential use. Additionally, we found DBR to be an inconsistent predictor of emissions in cordwood stoves. These findings underscore the importance of stove technology and operating conditions in determining RWH emissions, with implications for air quality science and regulatory policy.
description: Funding for this project was provided by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), Agreement #123059, and the authors thank Dr. Ellen Burkhard, NYSERDA Project Manager for helpful comments throughout the project. The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA or the State of New York. Mention of product manufacturer names or trademarks does not imply endorsement by NESCAUM or NYSERDA. We are grateful to Kelli O’Brien, Benaiah George, and Brian Vinal of ClearStak LLC for their collaboration in the stove testing phase. We also appreciate the valuable discussions with Steffan Johnson, EPA, and Lisa Rector, NESCAUM, throughout the project. We thank Nate Williams and Holly Curtis of NESCAUM for their assistance in final manuscript preparation. The authors thank Dr. Brian Jackson and the team at the Dartmouth Trace Element Analysis facility, who performed the ICP-MS analysis for metals. The Dartmouth Trace Element Core Facility is partially supported by the Dartmouth Cancer Center with NCI Cancer Center Support Grant 5P30CA023108. Finally, we thank Melinda Viera and Agnieszka Wieczorek, Rhode Island Department of Health for their analysis of VOCs via EPA TO-15A; and Trent Lee, Enthalpy Analytical, for their work on the PAH analysis of samples.