DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1092
title: Data from: Rapid diversification of sperm precedence traits and processes among three sibling Drosophila species

description: Postcopulatory sexual selection is credited with driving rapid
 evolutionary diversification of reproductive traits and the formation of
 reproductive isolating barriers between species. This judgment, however,
 has largely been inferred rather than demonstrated due to general lack of
 knowledge about processes and traits underlying variation in competitive
 fertilization success. Here, we resolved processes determining sperm fate
 in twice-mated females, using transgenic Drosophila simulans and D.
 mauritiana populations with fluorescently-labeled sperm heads. Comparisons
 among these two species and D. melanogaster revealed a shared motif in the
 mechanisms of sperm precedence, with postcopulatory sexual selection
 potentially occurring during any of the three discrete stages: (1)
 insemination, (2) sperm storage, and (3) sperm use for fertilization, and
 involving four distinct phenomena: (1) sperm transfer, (2) sperm
 displacement, (3) sperm ejection, and (4) sperm selection for
 fertilizations. Yet, underlying the qualitative similarities were
 significant quantitative differences in nearly every relevant character
 and process. We evaluate these species differences in light of concurrent
 investigations of within-population variation in competitive fertilization
 success and postmating/prezygotic reproductive isolation in hybrid matings
 between species to forge an understanding of the relationship between
 microevolutionary processes and macroevolutionary patterns as pertains to
 postcopulatory sexual selection in this group.
description: Virgin.simData on sperm transfer and storage after first mating for D. simulans. Variables: Treat – treatment, transfer or storage; Male – transgenic line by sperm label, GFP or RFP; Cop – copulation duration in minutes; Bursa – number of sperm in the bursa; Prox – number of sperm in the proximal half of the seminal receptacle (SR); Dist – number of sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps – number of sperm in the paired spermathecal caps combined; Ducts – number of sperm in the paired spermathecal ducts combinedVirgin.maurData on sperm transfer and storage after first mating for D. mauritiana. Variables: Treat – treatment, transfer or storage; Male – transgenic line by sperm label, GFP or RFP; Cop – copulation duration in minutes; Bursa – number of sperm in the bursa; Prox – number of sperm in the proximal half of the seminal receptacle (SR); Dist – number of sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps – number of sperm in the paired spermathecal caps combined; Ducts – number of sperm in the paired spermathecal ducts combinedRemate.simSperm numbers in space and time after second mating for D. simulans. Variables: MinASM – time after the start of mating at which female was frozen; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop1 – duration in minutes of the first copulation; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; PriorProg – number of progeny produced by female before remating; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combinedRemate.maurSperm numbers in space and time after second mating for D. mauritiana. Variables: MinASM – time after the start of mating at which female was frozen; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop1 – duration in minutes of the first copulation; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; PriorProg – number of progeny produced by female before remating; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combinedRemate.melSperm numbers in space and time after second mating for D. melanogaster. Variables: Block - different experimental blocks, A and B; MinASM – time after the start of mating at which female was frozen; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combinedEjection.simTiming and number of sperm ejected after mating for D. simulans. Variables: Block – different experimental blocks, A and B; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Mates – number of times each female mated; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop1 – duration in minutes of the first copulation; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; EjTime1 –Ejection time after first mating, in minutes after the start of the mating; EjTime2 – Ejection time after second mating, in minutes after the start of mating; PriorProg – number of progeny produced by female before remating; Eject1 – number of first-male sperm in ejection after first mating; EjMale1 – number of first-male sperm in ejection after second mating; EjMale2 – number of second-male sperm in ejection after second mating; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combinedEjection.maurTiming and number of sperm ejected after mating for D. mauritiana. Variables: Block – different experimental blocks, A and B; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Mates – number of times each female mated; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop1 – duration in minutes of the first copulation; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; EjTime1 –Ejection time after first mating, in minutes after the start of the mating; EjTime2 – Ejection time after second mating, in minutes after the start of mating; PriorProg – number of progeny produced by female before remating; Eject1 – number of first-male sperm in ejection after first mating; EjMale1 – number of first-male sperm in ejection after second mating; EjMale2 – number of second-male sperm in ejection after second mating; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combinedVelocity.simSperm velocity and sperm numbers in the SR for D. simulans. Variables: Fem – identity assigned to individual female; Movie – name of movie file from which data were collected; Treat – treatment; A = virgin mating, B = remating, C = no remate; Region – region of the female reproductive tract, bursa or SR; Male – first- or second-male sperm; Velmps – instantaneous linear velocity in microns per second, averaged for each sperm and for all sperm recorded in a movie; N – number of sperm tracked per movie; SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the SR; SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the SRVelocity.maurSperm velocity and sperm numbers in the SR for D. mauritiana. Variables: Fem – identity assigned to individual female; Movie – name of movie file from which data were collected; Treat – treatment; A = virgin mating, B = remating, C = no remate; Region – region of the female reproductive tract, bursa or SR; Male – first- or second-male sperm; Velmps – instantaneous linear velocity in microns per second, averaged for each sperm and for all sperm recorded in a movie; N – number of sperm tracked per movie; SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the SR; SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the SRVelocity.melSperm velocity and sperm numbers in the SR for D. melanogaster. Variables: Fem – identity assigned to individual female; Movie – name of movie file from which data were collected; Treat – treatment (A = virgin mating, B = remating, C = no remate); Region – region of the female reproductive tract, bursa or SR; Male – first- or second-male sperm; Velmps – instantaneous linear velocity in microns per second, averaged for each sperm and for all sperm recorded in a movie; N – number of sperm tracked per movie; SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the SR; SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the SRP2.simPaternity and sperm count data for D. simulans. Variables: Treat – time after mating for which paternity and sperm numbers in the female reproductive tract were quantified; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop1 – duration in minutes of the first copulation; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; PriorProg – number of progeny produced by female before remating; P2.24 – proportion of progeny sired by the second male (P2) for the first 24 hrs after mating; P2.48 – P2 for the first 48 hrs after mating; P2.72 - P2 for the first 72 hrs after mating ; P2 – P2 over entire time period; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the entire SR; SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the entire SR; Sp1 – number of first-male sperm in both spermathecae combined; Sp2 – number of second-male sperm in both spermathecae combinedP2.maurPaternity and sperm count data for D. mauritiana. Variables: Block – for maur only, different experimental blocks, A and B; Treat – time after mating for which paternity and sperm numbers in the female reproductive tract were quantified; FirstM – transgenic line of first male by sperm label, GFP or RFP. Second male is automatically the reciprocal label; Remate – day after first mating (day 0) on which female remated; Cop1 – duration in minutes of the first copulation; Cop2 – duration in minutes of the second copulation; PriorProg – number of progeny produced by female before remating; P2.24 – proportion of progeny sired by the second male (P2) for the first 24 hrs after mating; P2.48 – P2 for the first 48 hrs after mating; P2.72 - P2 for the first 72 hrs after mating; P2 – P2 over entire time period; Bursa1 – number of first-male sperm in the bursa; Bursa2 – number of second-male sperm in the bursa; Prox1 – number of first-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Prox2 – number of second-male sperm in the proximal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist1 – number of first-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Dist2 – number of second-male sperm in the distal half of the SR; Caps1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Caps2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal caps combined; Ducts1 – number of first-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; Ducts2 – number of second-male sperm in the two spermathecal ducts combined; SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the entire SR; SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the entire SR; Sp1 – number of first-male sperm in both spermathecae combined; Sp2 – number of second-male sperm in both spermathecae combinedP2.melPaternity and sperm count data for D. melanogaster. Variables: Treat – time after mating for which paternity and sperm numbers in the female reproductive tract were quantified; P2 – P2 over entire time period; SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the entire SR; SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the entire SR; Sp1 – number of first-male sperm in both spermathecae combined; Sp2 – number of second-male sperm in both spermathecae combinedSperm.LengthSperm lengths in mm for D. simulans and D. mauritiana. Variables: Species – sim or maur; Thorax – thorax length as a measure of body size, in an aritrary unit, to be entered as a covariate in analyses. Thorax length should be correlated with SR length but not sperm length.; Sperm1-5 – length in mm for each of 5 sperm measured per male. Average sperm lengths for each male are calculated from the four longest measurements.SR.LengthSeminal receptacle (SR) lengths in mm for D. simulans and D. mauritiana. Variables: Species – sim or maur; SR – SR length in mm; Thorax – thorax length as a measure of body size, in an aritrary unit, to be entered as a covariate in analyses. Thorax length should be correlated with SR length but not sperm length.; Sperm1-5 – length in mm for each of 5 sperm measured per male. Average sperm lengths for each male are calculated from the four longest measurements.