cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-carq-wt32
title: 2 July 2022 Iran Earthquake Sequence Event Briefing
title: in StEER - 2 July 2022, Iran, Mw 6.0 Earthquake Sequence

description: On 2 July 2022, at approximately 2:02 am local time, a moment magnitude (Mw) 6.0 earthquake, with a depth of 16.0 km, struck the southern Iranian Gulf coast, with epicentral coordinates of 26.935°N, 55.254°E. Approximately two hours later, this earthquake was followed by Mw 5.7 and Mw 6.0 earthquakes at the same origin. The 5.7 Mw earthquake occurred at 3:54 am with epicentral coordinates of 26.925°N, 55.247°E at 10.0 km depth, and the second 6.0 Mw event occurred one minute after the 5.7 Mw earthquake at 3:55 am with epicentral coordinates of 26.899°N, 55.321°E, also at 10.0 km depth. Such earthquake sequences are relatively common in this region, however, at this intensity, three earthquakes with such comparable magnitude at the same location three hours apart is a unique case from a seismological perspective. 

The objectives of this Event Briefing are: (1) to provide details of the 2 July 2022 Mw 6.0 Southern Iran Earthquakes, (2) to describe damage to buildings and disruption to the community in terms of fatalities, downtime, and economic losses, and (3) to list key lessons learned from this international seismic event.
description: This project encompasses only an Event Briefing, an abbreviated StEER response mechanism for Level 1 responses that shares StEER’s impressions of the event and implications for natural hazard research and practice. Information provided herein was gathered from various websites, news channels, and USGS. Therefore, this briefing does not include insights from detailed field investigations.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-ehah-sr40
title: Technology Transfer Committee Meeting Nov 14-15, 2019 Presentations

description: The collection of presentations given Nov 14-15, 2019, at the NHERI NCO Technology Transfer Committee meeting.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-f9db-p423
title: Contractor’s Perceptions of Tornado-Resistant Building Design
title: in Local Perceptions on Building Safety and Building Performance after the 2019 EF4 Linwood, Kansas Tornado

description: This mission was initiated to document local contractors' perceptions of tornado-resistant building design. The survey was administered in person; no personally identified information was collected. The convenience sample size was 45 and resulted in a response rate of approximately 60%.
description: Kansas has the second-highest frequency of reported tornadoes in the U.S., yet, most counties and many local jurisdictions lack modern building codes with basic lateral force system requirements, thereby minimum levels of protection against tornadic winds. On May 28, 2019, an EF4 tornado struck north-eastern Kansas; the 32-mile long path destroyed approximately 40 building structures and damaged nearly 200 building structures. A post-tornado investigation by the researchers revealed a lack of continuous load path, and in some cases, lacking even basic structural elements, such as anchor bolts or mechanically fastened walls to foundations. These statistics and observations led the research team to question what were local perceptions on building safety and expectations of building performance during tornadoes, what would happen if a tornado were to hit closer to the University of Kansas (KU) campus, and what types of better designs are known of or offered by local contractors. This research project includes two survey efforts addressing research questions on local perceptions on building safety and expectations of building performance during tornadoes. The first survey effort documented local contractors’ perceptions of tornado-resistant residential building design. The first survey effort utilized a convenience sample of local contractors attending a continuing education course on how to provide a continuous load path. The survey was administered in person; no personally identified information was collected. The convenience sample size was 45 and resulted in a response rate of approximately 60%. The second survey effort was initiated as part of a senior capstone project. The capstone project assessed the risk perception and sheltering decision of the KU campus community after the EF4 Linwood tornado. It was administered online using email listservs for KU’s Schools and Colleges for recruitment, inviting participants to complete a short Qualtrics survey. The response rate was low, with only 228 responses. This publication contains the Institutional Review Board Protocols, two Survey Instruments, which included in-person, and virtual surveying modes and questions on tornado risk perception, and, as well as the data for the contractor survey and the capstone project.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-zfxv-9n62
title: 2018 Anchorage Earthquake: Qualitative Fieldwork
title: in ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning and Schools in the United States

description: California, Oregon, and Washington are the first states in the United States to activate ShakeAlert, a regional Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system that can send warnings of significant earthquakes to areas outside the immediate epicenter before serious shaking occurs. The vital seconds provided by ShakeAlert can allow automatic shutdowns of industrial and technological systems and prompt people to take recommended protective actions—such as drop, cover, and hold on. This research project is designed to fill a major gap in the literature by assessing the readiness, willingness, and ability of K-12 schools in Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington to adapt their school emergency plans to include EEW. Phase 1 of this project involves qualitative research in Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and in Ridgecrest and Trona, California. These regions were affected by earthquake activity in November 2018 and July 2019, respectively. Our research team interviewed school district administrators; school principals; teachers, students, and parents; emergency management personnel; and engineers about their earthquake experiences, damage to the built environment, disruption to the social environment, and receptivity to using EEW. During Phase 2 of this project, the research team will distribute an online survey to school district officials in Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington regarding their perceptions and/or adoption of EEW systems in their schools. This project includes the research instruments, IRB protocols, and other materials that will be of use to other researchers interested in the study of earthquake early warning, protective actions, earthquake impacts, and schools.
description: Our research team collected interview and focus group data from 88 adult and child participants who were affected by or involved in the response to the 2018 Anchorage earthquake. Specifically, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with administrators in the Anchorage and Matanuska-Susitna Borough school districts as well as teachers, students and parents, emergency management personnel, and engineers. Our questions focused on their earthquake experiences, damage to the built environment, and disruption to the social environment. Because Earthquake Early Warning is not yet available in Alaska, we also asked all interview respondents about their awareness and perceptions of ShakeAlert and their knowledge regarding recommended protective actions.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-37cf-qy81
title: Undergraduate Research Experience (REU) NHERI 2019: Developing Structure-from-Motion Models from Applied Streetview and UAV Images

description: Creating a Structure-from-Motion model using Applied Streetview images and UAV images. Resulting in higher accuracy and increased surface coverage in building models, allowing researchers to have an additional understanding of post-disaster
building damage.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-5skn-yq76
title: Treefall pattern-based near-surface tornado wind field estimation software

description: Oftentimes, tornadoes inflict massive tree damage with distinctive converging patterns both in rural and urban areas, which is typically used to identify a tornado. Known as the Treefall Analysis method, the converging treefall pattern is then often used to analyze the characteristics and estimate the wind field of the tornado. 

The Treefall Analysis Software is a MATLAB-based windows-executable software for analyzing the treefall pattern of damaged trees after a tornado event and estimating the near-surface wind field using an idealized vortex model. It's an automated, integrated, and user-friendly software that allows users to perform Treefall Analysis with ease. Treefall Analysis Software can also be used for crop-fall patterns as tornadoes touch down in cropland displaying similar patterns as treefall.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-7x5v-5r06
title: Housing Amenity and Affordability Shape Floodplain Development

description: Flood damage has severe and long-term repercussions for households and communities, and continued housing development in floodplains escalates damages over time. Policies and interventions to reduce damage depend on assumptions about housing stock and residents, but assessments of flood exposure to date largely focus on community-scale characteristics at a single point in time, masking potential within-community differences and their evolution through time. We measure residential development in the floodplain nationwide over time to characterize the type and value of U.S. floodplain housing stock and to assess how new development contributes to flood exposure. Over 4M U.S. residences built from 1700-2019 (4.8% of all residences built during that time) are located within current regulatory floodplains. These residences are concentrated at the affordable and expensive extremes of the housing value spectrum, reflecting deep differences in the social vulnerability of floodplain residents. Floodplain housing stock often differs substantially from the local market, with coastal floodplains containing relatively expensive housing and inland floodplains containing relatively affordable housing. New housing development has not occurred equally across these contexts. In the past two decades, more floodplain development has occurred in communities with relatively expensive floodplain housing, and mobile home construction in floodplains has slowed. The bifurcated patterns in floodplain housing, across values and geographies, demonstrate the importance of considering the specific population at risk and how it may differ from the broader community when tailoring flood risk management approaches.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-gepe-4224
title: Dataset for A Critical Evaluation of Some Constitutive Models for Finite-Element Simulation of Structural Steel Components

description: Contents of the dataset include experimental work on A992, its associated finite element simulation output and constitutive model parameter optimization results, and abbreviated Fortran code for a novel constitutive model used in the finite element simulations. 

Experimental results consist of stress-strain data from uniaxial material coupons, force-displacement data for circumferential notches, and force, displacement, strain, and laser-related sensor data for a set of small-scale configured components; the components are grouped as beam, cored, and planar notched specimens. Detailed descriptions regarding the data, specimen geometry, loading history, and sensor placement for the material coupons, circumferential notches, and configured components are found in the readme files of their respective directories.

Simulation results were produced using five different constitutive models: 1) 𝐿𝐾, 2) 𝐿𝐾+ 𝑁𝐿𝐼(𝑝), 3) 𝑁𝐿𝐾2 + 𝑁𝐿𝐼(𝑝), 4) 𝑁𝐿𝐾2(𝑝, 𝑞) + 𝑁𝐿𝐼(𝑝, 𝑞), and 5) 𝑁𝐿𝐾2(𝑝, 𝑞) + 𝑁𝐿𝐼(𝑝, 𝑞) + 𝑌𝑃, where LK, NLK, and NLI denote linear kinematic and nonlinear kinematic hardening, and nonlinear isotropic hardening rules, respectively; the digit specifies the quantity of backs stresses; p and q represent a dependence on accumulated plastic strain and the plastic strain range memory surface radius, respectively; YP indicates the model is equipped with transient hardening rules to capture the yield point phenomenon. For each of the five models, results include finite element force-displacement predictions of the configured components, in addition to measured and predicted stress-strain curves for the uniaxial material coupons following the optimization of constitutive model parameters. Note the optimized parameters are identical to those used in the adjacent finite element simulations. See the component simulation readme for details regarding the component finite element models and their output. The standalone code used to simulate the uniaxial response of the material coupons and optimize the constitutive model parameters is not included as part of this dataset. Details regarding the constitutive models and their parameter optimization procedure are beyond the scope of this dataset, and can be found in
Wilson, L., and Morrison, M. (2024). A Critical Evaluation of Some Constitutive Models for Finite-Element Simulation of Structural Steel Components. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 150(1), 04023107.

The abbreviated Fortran code contains the Abaqus user material definition subroutine, UMAT, for the fifth and novel model. Its logic is thoroughly commented on, and descriptions for its notation are found in the adjacent notation file.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-hpbm-8755
title: Development and applications of the next generation landslide-induced tsunami generation models
title: in Collaborative Research: Development, experimental validation and case studies for the next generation of landslide tsunami models for coastal hazard mitigation

description: This simulation develops and validates the next generation landslide-induced tsunami generation models.
description: The objective of the project is to develop, implement and validate the next generation models for deformable landslides and tsunami generation. The depth-integrated slide models using a variety of granular flow and mud flow rheologies are coupled to a fully dispersive non-hydrostatic surface wave model. The modeling framework is extensively validated by analytical solutions and experimental measurements, and applied to investigate potential landslide-generated tsunami hazards in several coastal regions.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-vvtn-1h54
title: Mobile Testbed: Dataset of railway bridges, embankments and railway network

description: This dataset contains the inventory of bridges and embankments, as well as the network topology for the railway network within the Mobile and Baldwin counties, Alabama. This dataset is part of the Mobile Testbed within the NIST Center of Excellence for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-ycra-9v54
title: Interdisciplinary Multi-Language Community Resilience Simulation using Simple Run-Time Infrastructure (SRTI)

description: Extreme natural hazards, such as severe earthquakes and hurricanes, can trigger intricate inter-dependencies between the critical infrastructure systems of society, including the built environment (e.g., buildings and bridges), elements of social organization (e.g., social power and cohesion), and institutional arrangements (e.g., policies, politics, economics, and disaster mitigation). Such inter-dependencies can adversely influence community resilience, i.e. the ability to recover from an extreme event, usually measured in terms of loss of life and economic cost. Our objective is to develop a computational framework that allows researchers from different natural hazards research sub-fields to link their computational models together to study the effects of infrastructure inter-dependencies on community resilience. In particular, our focus is on the inter-dependencies that arise between infrastructure robustness, social organization, and policy in the context of community resilience. Infrastructure robustness, which is the ability to respond favorably to the demands of extreme events (e.g. so that a building does not collapse during a severe earthquake), derives from policy. It directly impacts social organization and both play a role in determining casualty rates. Casualty rates, in turn, influence future policy.

The “Simple Run-Time Infrastructure” (SRTI) is an open-source framework that can be used for data-communication across simulator programs in different languages. SRTI is based on a client-server structure and uses a publish-subscribe pattern to realize data communication between the distributed simulators for different fields. This approach provides a scalable, versatile, and user-friendly solution for integrating multiple discipline-specific models in hazards simulation. Each simulator is treated as a black box that interacts through the SRTI distributed computational platform. In this project, an example implementation that consists of a group of developed simulators for assessing the impacts of earthquakes on community resilience is presented. The shown example consists of fourteen simulators each of which represents a different aspect of the community. Thirteen of the developed simulators are implemented in MATLAB while the other simulator (i.e. visualization simulator) is implemented in NetLogo.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-z00d-yd12
title: Simulating Vortices in Straight line wind simulators 
title: in National Full-Scale Testing Infrastructure for Community Hardening in Extreme Wind, Surge, and Wave Events (NICHE): UF PDT Non-Synoptic Testing

description: Two sets of vertical and horizontal louvers were introduced in the University of Florida Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel. These louvers have the capability to rotate and reach different angular openings at different angular speeds and angular accelerations. Some experiments were designed using the horizontal louvers only and some were designed using vertical louvers only. The goal is to reach certain targets of transient wind systems such as radial and vertical velocity profile, acceleration, and so on using vertical and horizontal louvers.
description: This project is part of a larger effort to design a large-scale facility capable of simulating extreme wind and water events. These experiments, conducted at the University of Florida Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel, consist of two separate efforts: 1) Simulation of vertical vortices and 2) Matching of target parameters from non-synoptic events such as thunderstorms and tornadoes.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-0m3c-bn38
title: Sensitivity analysis of runout simulations for a liquefaction-induced tailings dam failure
title: in Runout of Liquefaction-Induced Tailings Dam Failure: Sensitivity Analysis

description: This dataset provide results from analyses of a liquefaction-induced tailings dam failure using a hybrid Finite Element and Material Point Method approach. The dataset focuses on a sensitivity analysis that studies the influence of different earthquake ground motions and different characterizations of the post-liquefaction residual strength on the runout of the tailings due to the failure.
description: This simulation dataset includes results from a hybrid FEM-MPM analysis of a liquefaction-induced tailings dam failure.  The tailings dam geometry is based on the Mochikishi tailings dam in Japan that failed during an earthquake in 1978.  Ten different input motions scaled to 3 different PGA values (0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g) were used as input into the FEM analysis, and different characterizations of the post-liquefaction residual strength were used in the subsequent MPM analysis.  The output from the analyses is the runout distance of the liquefied tailings
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-2gfw-qp30
title: 40 Year Evolution of Artificial Reefs (1984-2024)

description: This project presents a comprehensive database that compiles information on artificial reefs constructed over the past four decades, including details such as geographical location, materials used, unique physical features, the ecological advantages and disadvantages of each design, and marine recruitment results. By cataloging both structural and environmental aspects, the database serves as a valuable resource for future artificial reef designers, researchers, and policymakers, enabling them to learn from past implementations and draw inspiration for more effective and sustainable reef designs. What makes this project unique is its historical perspective—offering insights into how artificial reef design has evolved over time—and its detailed focus on individual reef characteristics. The intended audience includes marine engineers, environmental scientists, coastal planners, and students interested in reef development, restoration, and marine habitat enhancement.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-5dtg-m375
title: Liquefaction Mitigation of Silty Sands with MICP

description: Liquefiable soils require remediation to reduce the consequences of liquefaction. Methods used for improving sands can become restricted when applied to silty sands. These restrictions include lower permeability, environmental impacts, and higher costs. Therefore investigating the application of a new and more natural soil improvement method which can overcome these restrictions is necessary. Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a natural and sustainable soil improvement method which increases the soil's strength and stiffness. In this project, MICP is applied to study the changes in the undrained monotonic and cyclic shear response of silty sands with varying levels of fines content (0 to 35%). Dry pluviation method was applied to prepare the soil specimens using mixtures of Nevada sand and silica flour. The untreated specimens were consolidated under the effective stress of 50 kPa and then sheared. The MICP treated specimens were first consolidated under 15 kPa of effective stress and treatment was performed to achieve a shear wave velocity of about 400 m/s. Once treatment was finished, the specimens were consolidated under 50 kPa of effective stress. All specimens were sheared with a rate of 50% strain per hour. The calcium carbonate content of MICP treated specimens were measured using acid washing. The data herein presents the reduced data and information such as specimen height, cross sectional area, mass of soil, void ratio, calcium carbonate content, shear wave velocity, consolidation volume change, strain rate, cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and number of cycles to liquefaction (N). The datasets can be used by researchers who study the experimental and numerical liquefaction response of untreated and MICP treated silty sands.