cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c74nv
title: Data from: New species and new records of Mydidae from the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Insecta, Diptera, Asiloidea)

description: New Mydidae species are described from the Afrotropical and Oriental
 regions including the first records of this family from several countries
 in eastern Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) and Mauritania in western
 Africa as well as Nepal and Thailand in Asia. The new species are,
 Leptomydinae: Leptomydas notos sp. n. (south-western India), Leptomydas
 rapti sp. n. (south-central Nepal), Leptomydas tigris sp. n.
 (north-central Thailand); Syllegomydinae: Mydaselpidini: Mydaselpis
 ngurumani sp. n. (south-eastern Kenya, north-eastern Tanzania), Vespiodes
 phaios sp. n. (south-eastern Kenya); Syllegomydinae: Syllegomydini:
 Syllegomydas (Notobates) astrictus sp. n. (Kenya), Syllegomydas
 (Notobates) heothinos sp. n. (Kenya and Uganda), Syllegomydas
 (Syllegomydas) elachys sp. n. (northern Zimbabwe). Syllegomydas
 (Syllegomydas) proximus Séguy, 1928 is recorded from western Mauritania
 and re-described. Syllegomydas (Notobates) dispar (Loew, 1852), which was
 previously listed as incertae sedis in the Afrotropical Diptera catalogue,
 is re-described and illustrated based on examination of the type specimens
 and several additional specimens from Mozambique. Cephalocera annulata
 Brunetti, 1912 and Syllegomydas bucciferus Séguy, 1928, described from
 north-eastern India and previously unplaced in the Oriental Diptera
 catalogue, are newly combined with Leptomydas Gerstaecker, 1868 and
 together with Leptomydas indianus Brunetti, 1912, also from north-eastern
 India, placed in Leptomydinae. Comments on the possible synonymy of the
 genera of Mydaselpidini are made. Illustrations and photographs are
 provided to support the descriptions and future identification. A
 provisional dichotomous key to Mydidae genera occurring in eastern Africa
 (Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda) and the Oriental
 Region is provided. Distribution, occurrence in biodiversity hotspots and
 high-biodiversity wilderness areas, and seasonal incidence are discussed
 for all species.
description: Species descriptions of
 Leptomydas, Mydaselpis, Syllegomydas, and Vespiodes in SDD
 formatNatural language species
 descriptions of Leptomydas, Mydaselpis, Syllegomydas, and Vespiodes as
 exported from Lucid Builder 3.5 in SDD format.syllegomydinae+leptomydinae_dikow2010.sdd
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.71m33
title: Data from: DNA barcoding provides support for a cryptic species complex within the globally distributed and fishery important opah (Lampris guttatus)

description: The cornerstone of fisheries management relies on a solid taxonomic base
 and an understanding of how animals can be grouped into coherent
 management units. Surprisingly little is known about the basic biology and
 ecology of opah (Lampris guttatus), a globally distributed species that is
 commercially exploited and regionally common in the North Pacific. Recent
 efforts to collect life history data on this species uncovered evidence of
 two North Pacific morphotypes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome
 c oxidase I gene (655bp) for these morphotypes and other specimens
 collected worldwide (n=480) produced five strongly diverged and
 well-supported clades. Additional sequence data from the cytochrome b gene
 (1141bp) as well as the nuclear recombination activating gene 1 (1323bp)
 corroborated these results, suggesting these five clades likely represent
 separate species. Our conclusion that opah is a complex of five separate
 species has implications for management and indicates a need to gather
 additional data on these poorly understood fishes.
description: nexus tree file -
 COITreefile in nexus format
 containing data for 82 cytochrome c oxidase haplotypes from Lampris
 guttatus, Regalecus glesne, and L. immaculatus. Tree is a consensus
 Bayesian Tree generated in BEAST.Opah COI
 treenexus tree file - Cyt
 BTreefile in nexus format
 containing data for cytochrome b haplotypes from Lampris guttatus and
 Regalecus glesne. Tree is a consensus Bayesian Tree generated in
 BEAST.opah
 cytb treenexus tree file -
 RAG1Treefile in nexus format
 containing data for RAG1 haplotypes from Lampris guttatus and Regalecus
 glesne. Tree is a consensus Bayesian Tree generated in
 BEAST.Opah
 Rag1 treeOpah COI nexus
 fileNexus file containing
 cytochrome c oxidase sequence data for all samplesOpah COI
 nexus.txtOpah cytb
 nexusNexus file containing
 cytochrome b sequence dataOpah rag1
 nexusNexus file containing
 RAG1 sequence dataSample
 informationExcel file containing
 sampling locality, specimen identification number, COI haplotype #, COI
 lineage identifier, and GenBank accession #'s for all samples used in
 this study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6f8p0
title: Data from: Multiscale factors affecting human attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves

description: The threat posed by large carnivores to livestock and humans makes
 peaceful coexistence between them difficult. Effective implementation of
 conservation laws and policies depends on the attitudes of local residents
 toward the target species. There are many known correlates of human
 attitudes toward carnivores, but they have only been assessed at the scale
 of the individual. Because human societies are organized hierarchically,
 attitudes are presumably influenced by different factors at different
 scales of social organization, but this scale dependence has not been
 examined. We used structured interview surveys to quantitatively assess
 the attitudes of a Buddhist pastoral community toward snow leopards
 (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus). We interviewed 381 individuals
 from 24 villages within 6 study sites across the high-elevation Spiti
 Valley in the Indian Trans-Himalaya. We gathered information on key
 explanatory variables that together captured variation in individual and
 village-level socioeconomic factors. We used hierarchical linear models to
 examine how the effect of these factors on human attitudes changed with
 the scale of analysis from the individual to the community. Factors
 significant at the individual level were gender, education, and age of the
 respondent (for wolves and snow leopards), number of income sources in the
 family (wolves), agricultural production, and large-bodied livestock
 holdings (snow leopards). At the community level, the significant factors
 included the number of smaller-bodied herded livestock killed by wolves
 and mean agricultural production (wolves) and village size and large
 livestock holdings (snow leopards). Our results show that scaling up from
 the individual to higher levels of social organization can highlight
 important factors that influence attitudes of people toward wildlife and
 toward formal conservation efforts in general. Such scale-specific
 information can help managers apply conservation measures at appropriate
 scales. Our results reiterate the need for conflict management programs to
 be multipronged.
description: Multiscale factors
 affecting human attitudes toward snow leopards and
 wolves-DatasetSheet 1: Contains the
 meta data describing all the column heads of sheet 2. Sheet 2 contains the
 raw data. Column heads describe the values contained within them. Rows are
 individual observations (interviews).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qf53d
title: Data from: Host association drives significant genetic divergence in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius

description: Genetic differentiation may exist among sympatric populations of a species
 due to long-term associations with alternative hosts (i.e.,
 host-associated differentiation). While host-associated differentiation
 has been documented in several phytophagus insects, there are far fewer
 cases known in animal parasites. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, a
 wingless insect, represents a potential model organism for elucidating the
 processes involved in host-associated differentiation in animal parasites
 with relatively limited mobility. In conjunction with the expansion of
 modern humans from Africa into Eurasia, it has been speculated that bed
 bugs extended their host range from bats to humans in their shared cave
 domiciles throughout Eurasia. C. lectularius that associate with humans
 have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas those associated with bats occur
 across Europe, often in human-built structures. We assessed genetic
 structure and gene flow within and among populations collected in
 association with each host using mtDNA, microsatellite loci, and
 knock-down-resistance gene variants. Both nuclear and mitochondrial data
 support a lack of significant contemporary gene flow between host-specific
 populations. Within locations human-associated bed bug populations exhibit
 limited genetic diversity and elevated levels of inbreeding, likely due to
 human-mediated movement, infrequent additional introduction events per
 infestation, and pest control. In contrast, populations within bat roosts
 exhibit higher genetic diversity and lower levels of relatedness,
 suggesting populations are stable with temporal fluctuations due to host
 dispersal and bug mortality. In concert with previously published evidence
 of morphological and behavioral differentiation, the genetic data
 presented here suggest C. lectularius is currently undergoing lineage
 divergence through host-association.
description: FCA genotype
 dataset662 individuals
 genotyped at 20 microsatellite loci - FCA fileFCA.xlsxGeneland genotype data fileGeneland genotype data filegeno_all.txt.txtGeneland Coordinate data fileGeneland Coordinate data filecoord_all.txt.txtGenotype complete662 individuals - 20 microsatellte lociDryad data_all sequence haplotypesAll sequenced individuals in which sequences lacked heteroplasmy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8027
title: Data from: An empirical comparison of SNPs and microsatellites for parentage and kinship assignment in a wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population

description: Because of their high variability, microsatellites are still considered
 the marker of choice for studies on parentage and kinship in wild
 populations. Nevertheless, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are
 becoming increasing popular in many areas of molecular ecology, owing to
 their high-throughput, easy transferability between laboratories and low
 genotyping error. An ongoing discussion concerns the relative power of
 SNPs compared to microsatellites – that is, how many SNP loci are needed
 to replace a panel of microsatellites? Here, we evaluate the assignment
 power of 80 SNPs (HE=0.30, 80 independent alleles) and 11 microsatellites
 (HE =0.85, 194 independent alleles) in a wild population of about 400
 sockeye salmon with two commonly used software packages (Cervus3, Colony2)
 and, for SNPs only, a newly developed software (SNPPIT). Assignment
 success was higher for SNPs than for microsatellites, especially for
 parent pairs, irrespective of the method used. Colony2 assigned a larger
 proportion of offspring to at least one parent than the other methods,
 though Cervus and SNPPIT detected more parent pairs. Identification of
 full sib groups without parental information from relatedness measures was
 possible using both marker systems, though explicit reconstruction of such
 groups in Colony2 was impossible for SNPs because of computation time. Our
 results confirm the applicability of SNPs for parentage analyses and
 refute the predictability of assignment success from the number of
 independent alleles.
description: Genotype
 dataThe data are
 microsatellite and SNP genotypes for two return years of sockeye salmon in
 A creek Genotypes are estimated fragment lengths for microsatellites, and
 bases for SNPs (1=A, 2=C, 3=G, 4=T) Missing data are 0 Individual
 identfication: first two letters are return year, followed by
 "A" for A creek, and an individual identified Parents are 04A,
 offspring are 08A Sex is provided for parents only ("m" = male,
 "f" = female)Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4h50
title: Data from: What shapes cerambycid beetle communities in a tropical forest mosaic? Assessing the effects of host tree identity, forest structure, and vertical stratification

description: Due to anthropogenic activities, tropical rain forests face many
 challenges in sustaining biodiversity and maintaining global climates.
 This study explores how forest successional stage, tree composition, and
 stratum affect communities of saproxylic cerambycid beetles—concealed
 feeders that play important roles in forest nutrient cycling. Forty trees
 in five families (Fabaceae, Lecythidaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, and
 Sapotaceae) were sampled in a mosaic of old-growth and secondary forest on
 the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Bait branches yielded 3549 cerambycid
 individuals in 49 species. Species richness was almost identical in
 old-growth and secondary forest, and both yielded specialists, but
 abundance was higher in old-growth forest. Overall community structure was
 most strongly influenced by host plant species; within most plant families
 it was also impacted by forest successional status. Moraceae was the
 exception, presumably because the focal tree species was abundant in both
 old-growth and secondary forest. Several host and old-growth specialist
 species reached high densities within patches of old-growth forest, but
 seldom colonized apparently suitable trees within secondary forest. This
 suggests that even small areas of old-growth forest can act as refuges,
 but that secondary forest may act as a barrier to dispersal. The
 vulnerability of specialized saproxylic insects to land use change will be
 linked to the ability of their preferred hosts to disperse to and persist
 in successional habitats; rearing studies may provide the most accurate
 method to monitor community changes over time.
description: CR13_Master_databaseThis spreadsheet contains the raw data for our beetle rearing experiment. The file contains Cerambycid Subfamily, Cerambycid Tribe, Cerambycid Species, Cerambycid Code, Forest Stage, Host Plant Family, Host Plant Species, Host Plant Individual, Stratum, Diameter, Emergence Date and Host Plant Coordinates for each cerambycid individual reared.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51726
title: Data from: Colorimetric and fluorescent probes for real-time naked eye sensing of copper ion in solution and on paper substrate

description: In this paper, BT
 ((E)-2-(4-(4-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)styryl)-3-cyano-5,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile) with strong donor-π-acceptor structure was synthesized, which showed both colorimetric and fluorescent sensing ability to Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity. The job plot and mass spectra measurement revealed a 1 : 1 coordination mode between Cu2+ and probe BT in ethanol/HEPES buffer (pH 7.2, v/v, 1/4) solution, and the binding constant was calculated to be 3.6×104 M–1. The color of BT solution (10 μM) immediately turned from purple red to yellow and the red fluorescence was quenched obviously when certain amount of Cu2+ was added, which enabled a dual-channel detection of Cu2+. A paper strip pre-stained with BT solution was further fabricated and it also showed excellent sensing ability toward Cu2+ with a detection limit as low as 10-6 M with naked-eye, which give better portability and operation simplicity that is favorable for on-site analysis of Cu2+ in water.
description: ESI
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.657cc
title: Data from: The fossil record of ichthyosaurs, completeness metrics and sampling biases

description: Ichthyosaurs were highly successful marine reptiles with an abundant and
 well-studied fossil record. However, their occurrences through geological
 time and space are sporadic, and it is important to understand whether
 times of apparent species richness and rarity are real or the result of
 sampling bias. Here, we explore the skeletal completeness of 351 dated and
 identified ichthyosaur specimens, belonging to all 102 species, the first
 time that such a study has been carried out on vertebrates from the marine
 realm. No correlations were found between time series of different
 skeletal metrics and ichthyosaur diversity. There is a significant
 geographical variation in completeness, with the well-studied northern
 hemisphere producing fossils of much higher quality than the southern
 hemisphere. Medium-sized ichthyosaurs are significantly more complete than
 small or large taxa: the incompleteness of small specimens was expected,
 but it was a surprise that larger specimens were also relatively
 incomplete. Completeness varies greatly between facies, with fine-grained,
 siliciclastic sediments preserving the most complete specimens. These
 findings may explain why the ichthyosaur diversity record is low at times,
 corresponding to facies of poor preservation potential, such as in the
 Early Cretaceous. Unexpectedly, we find a strong negative correlation
 between skeletal completeness and sea level, meaning the most complete
 specimens occurred at times of global low sea level, and vice versa.
 Completeness metrics, however, do not replicate the sampling signal and
 have limited use as a global-scale sampling proxy.
description: Appendix
 1Excel file containing
 all data on ichthyosaur completeness, environmental parameters,
 references, and model outputs.SupplementSupplementary information, including additional tables, figures, data, and R codes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8c1vd
title: Data from: Maternal effects in vulnerability to eye-parasites and correlations between behaviour and parasitism in juvenile Arctic charr

description: Hatchery-reared fish show high mortalities after release to the wild
 environment. Explanations for this include potentially predetermined
 genetics, behavioural and physiological acclimation to fish farm
 environments, and increased vulnerability to predation and parasitism in
 the wild. We studied vulnerability to Diplostomum spp. parasites (load of
 eye-flukes in the lenses), immune defence (relative spleen size) and
 anti-predator behaviours (approaches toward predator odour, freezing, and
 swimming activity) in hatchery-reared juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus
 alpinus) using a nested mating design. Fish were exposed to eye-fluke
 larvae via the incoming water at the hatchery. Fish size was positively
 associated with parasite load, but we did not find any relationship
 between relative spleen size and parasitism. The offspring of different
 females showed significant variation in their parasite load within sires,
 implying a dam effect in the vulnerability to parasites. However, the
 family background did not have any effect on spleen size. In the mean sire
 level over dams, the fish from the bolder (actively swimming) families in
 the predator trials suffered higher loads of eye-flukes than those from
 more cautiously behaving families. Thus, the results indicate potentially
 maternally inherited differences in vulnerability to eye-fluke parasites,
 and that the vulnerability to parasites and behavioural activity are
 positively associated with each other at the sire level. This could lead
 to artificial and unintentional selection for increased vulnerability to
 both parasitism and predation if these traits are favoured in fish farm
 environments.
description: Nieriä_data_DryadArctic charr data from experiments conducted in Enonkoski in 2005.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7h0g6
title: Data from: Barcoding snakeheads (Teleostei, Channidae) revisited: discovering greater species diversity and resolving perpetuated taxonomic confusions

description: Snakehead fishes of the family Channidae are predatory freshwater teleosts
 from Africa and Asia comprising 38 valid species. Snakeheads are important
 food fishes (aquaculture, live food trade) and have been introduced widely
 with several species becoming highly invasive. A channid barcode library
 was recently assembled by Serrao and co-workers to better detect and
 identify potential and established invasive snakehead species outside
 their native range. Comparing our own recent phylogenetic results of this
 taxonomically confusing group with those previously reported revealed
 several inconsistencies that prompted us to expand and improve on previous
 studies. By generating 343 novel snakehead coxI sequences and combining
 them with an additional 434 coxI sequences from GenBank we highlight
 several problems with previous efforts towards the assembly of a snakehead
 reference barcode library. We found that 16.3% of the channid coxI
 sequences deposited in GenBank are based on misidentifications. With the
 inclusion of our own data we were, however, able to solve these cases of
 perpetuated taxonomic confusion. Different species delimitation approaches
 we employed (BIN, GMYC, and PTP) were congruent in suggesting a
 potentially much higher species diversity within snakeheads than currently
 recognized. In total, 90 BINs were recovered and within a total of 15
 currently recognized species multiple BINs were identified. This higher
 species diversity is mostly due to either the incorporation of
 undescribed, narrow range, endemics from the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity
 hotspot or the incorporation of several widespread species characterized
 by deep genetic splits between geographically well-defined lineages. In
 the latter case, over-lumping in the past has deflated the actual species
 numbers. Further integrative approaches are clearly needed for providing a
 better taxonomic understanding of snakehead diversity, new species
 descriptions and taxonomic revisions of the group.
description: Channid_coxI_778Final coxI alignment of 777 chained individuals plus one outgroup
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.434196d
title: Data from: Surveying the spatial distribution of feral sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and its sympatry with johnsongrass (S. halepense) in South Texas

description: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important grain and forage crop grown
 across the US. In some areas, sorghum can become feral along roadsides and
 other ruderal areas, as a result of seed spill during harvest or
 transport. In some of these situations, feral sorghum grows in or near
 established johnsongrass (S. halepense) populations. Johnsongrass, a wild
 relative of sorghum and an incredibly noxious weed, is capable of
 hybridizing with cultivated sorghum. Because commercial hybrid sorghum
 cultivars are produced with cytoplasmic male sterility, progeny of the
 hybrid crop which compose the founder feral populations also segregate for
 male sterility. Consequently, male sterility in feral sorghum may increase
 the risk of outcrossing with johnsongrass. Using field surveys and spatial
 modelling, the present study aimed at documenting the occurrence of feral
 sorghum and understanding the anthropogenic and environmental factors that
 influence its distribution. Further, this research documented the sympatry
 of feral sorghum and johnsongrass in the roadside habitat. A total of 2077
 sites were visited during a systematic field survey conducted in fall 2014
 in South Texas. Feral sorghum and johnsongrass were found in 360 and 939
 sites, while the species co-existed at 48 sites (2.3% of all surveyed
 sites). The binary logistic analysis showed a significant association
 between the presence of feral sorghum and road type, road body-type,
 micro-topography of the sampling site, nearby land use, and the presence
 of johnsongrass, but no association with the distance to the nearest grain
 sorting facility. The probability of finding feral sorghum away from
 johnsongrass patches was generally higher than finding them co-occur in
 the same location. A probability map for spatial distribution of feral
 sorghum was developed using the nearby land use type and the regional
 habitat suitability for johnsongrass as two key predictors. Overall,
 results show that feral sorghum and johnsongrass co-occur at low
 frequencies in the roadside habitats of South Texas, but these low levels
 still present a significant opportunity for hybridization between the two
 species outside of cultivated fields.
description: Feral sorghum
 dataContains data obtained
 during the survey of feral sorghum in roadside habitats in South Texas
 during fall 2014.Feral
 sorghum_data-1.xlsx