cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1426577.10fu
title: SH1426577.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1426581.10fu
title: SH1426581.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bmofsx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009606-180824113759888/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w75nyx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056743-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6a75ca
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 349726757 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Plantae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 349726757 records from 6997 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0308246-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kq6rrh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus)",
 "Country is one of (Norway)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1986",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Machine Observation"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025679-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y2jy8f
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 114 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Calypogeia arguta)",
 "Country is one of (Norway)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1986",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Machine Observation"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 114 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025678-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cc9dcq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Opisthocomiformes)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-70 -30,-60 -30,-60 -20,-70 -20,-70 -30))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025819-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.33755.57128
title: Part 2 of huge collection of posts on environmental science (7000 pages). Ecology, water quality, ecotoxicology, and related topics. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310952521
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5jk4np
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 779547 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Machine Observation, Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-83.0892 24.86263,-79.32594 24.41973,-79.88994 29.36885,-83.79062 29.43384,-83.0892 24.86263))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Ardea herodias",
 "Year 2010-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 779547 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025697-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.23715.45603
title: Interpreted Proterozoic solid geology of Six Mile Hill – Mineral Systems Drilling Program Special Map Series, 1:75 000 scale
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.17620.60806
title: Dataset for Chapter 6 of Modeling the Habitat and Spread of the Eastern Fox Squirrel and its Impacts on the Western Gray Squirrel in California, Eastern Fox Squirrel in California, Modern Data
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.21841.12647
title: Paper - Bridging the Gap of Actual and Calculated Heating Energy Consumption in Bottom-Up Residential Building Stock Modeling
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jkf8gr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Polyplacophora)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-140 -50,-130 -50,-130 -40,-140 -40,-140 -50))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025820-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zhr33z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 375 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "TaxonKey is Epidendrum paniculatum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 375 records from 54 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019445-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.55gy48
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Rheiformes)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-130 -20,-120 -20,-120 -10,-130 -10,-130 -20))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019448-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nhfngf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 95 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Gastropoda)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-50 10,-40 10,-40 20,-50 20,-50 10))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 95 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019447-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30345082.v1
title: Lsm8 supplementary data

description: Supplementary data regarding the biological significance of Lsm8 in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> mainly explores the effects caused by its RNA splicing
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hphgvg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 360 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Gastropoda)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-60 10,-50 10,-50 20,-60 20,-60 10))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 360 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019449-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v7efex
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Baeolophus atricristatus)",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0086725-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/12642466
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6rm9ag
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Oplismenus compositus",
 "Country is Tonga",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0086726-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ra3a28
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cenchrus brownii",
 "Country is Micronesia (Federated States of)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0086728-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639936
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1175.202, PFAnep 1175.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1175.202, PFUT 1175-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on bottom edge, obverse. Broken right edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639966
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1176.202, PFAnep 1176.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1176.202, PFUT 1176-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639959
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1176.201, PFAnep 1176.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1176.201, PFUT 1176-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Part of left edge missing. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639916
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1174.202, PFAnep 1174.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1174.202, PFUT 1174-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Major cracks on all edges. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639893
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1174.202, PFAnep 1174.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1174.202, PFUT 1174-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Major cracks on all edges. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639955
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1176.202, PFAnep 1176.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1176.202, PFUT 1176-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639892
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1173.201, PFAnep 1173.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1173.201, PFUT 1173-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Gouge on bottom edge, cracks and chips on reverse. Break on right edge, chips on upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110643314
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0915, PF-NN 0915

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0915 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Obverse chipped toward flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110639885
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1174.201, PFAnep 1174.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1174.201, PFUT 1174-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on left edge, right edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110643303
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0505.201, PFAnep 0505.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0505.201, PFUT 0505-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge broken. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6pdnbz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 63290 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Dryopteris expansa",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 63290 records from 522 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026220-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc1sto1613067
title: InscriptiFact -- an image database of inscriptions and artifacts

description: The InscriptiFact Collection is designed to allow access via the Internet to high-resolution images of ancient inscriptions and artifacts, primarily from the Near Eastern and Mediterranean Worlds. The targeted inscriptions constitute some of the world’s earliest written records, which are mostly housed in a number of international museums and libraries, as well as field projects where inscriptions still remain in situ. Included, for example, are, selected Dead Sea Scrolls; cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, Persia, Canaan and Egypt; early Jewish papyri from Egypt; lapidary inscriptions, primarily from Jordan, Lebanon and Cyprus; inscriptions on a variety of hard media (e.g., ostraca, copper, semi-precious stones, jar handles) mostly written in early Canaanite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Ammonite and Edomite; and much more. These ancient texts are foundational documents that serve as a point of reference for Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the cultures out of which they emerged. The name "InscriptiFact" is intended to convey the concept of a scholarly archive based on "facts" about "inscriptions" and "artifacts." West Semitic Research Project (WSRP) under the auspices of the University of Southern California (USC) is broadly acknowledged as a leader in the application of photographic and digital technologies to capture and analyze data of ancient texts. The West Semitic Research image archive now contains approximately 1,500,000 images. Important! Search terms with more than one word or number need to be enclosed in quotation marks.Guide to Searching InscriptiFact
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110643299
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0915, PF-NN 0915

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 0915 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Aramaic ink inscription on reverse. Seal impression on reverse, upper edge and left edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Obverse chipped toward flat edge.