DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pkgk
title: Weighting of sensory cues reflects changing patterns of visual investment during ecological divergence in Heliconius butterflies

description: Integrating information across sensory modalities enables animals to
 orchestrate a wide range of complex behaviours. The relative importance
 placed on one sensory modality over another reflects the reliability of
 cues in a particular environment and corresponding differences in neural
 investment. As populations diverge across environmental gradients, the
 reliability of sensory cues may shift, favouring divergence in neural
 investment and the weight given to different sensory modalities. During
 their divergence across closed-forest and forest-edge habitats, closely
 related butterflies Heliconius cydno and H. melpomene evolved distinct
 brain morphologies, with the former investing more in vision. Quantitative
 genetic analyses suggest selection drove these changes, but their
 behavioural effects remain uncertain. We hypothesised that divergent
 neural investment may alter sensory weighting. We trained individuals in
 an associative learning experiment using multimodal colour and odour cues.
 When positively rewarded stimuli were presented in conflict pairing
 positively trained colour with negatively trained odour,
 and vice-versa, H. cydno favoured visual cues more strongly than
 H. melpomene. Hence, differences in sensory weighting may evolve early
 during divergence and are predicted by patterns of neural investment.
 These findings, alongside other examples, imply that differences in
 sensory weighting stem from divergent investment as adaptations to local
 sensory environments.
description: # Weighting of sensory cues reflects changing patterns of visual
 investment during ecological divergence in *Heliconius* butterflies ##
 Provenance for this README * File name: README_sensoryweighting.Rmd *
 Authors: José Borrero * Other contributors: Daniel Shane Wright, Richard
 M. Merrill * Date created: 2024-04-08 * Date modified: 2024-07-02 ##
 Dataset Version and Release History * Current Version: * Number: 2.0.0 *
 Date: 2024-07-02 * Persistent identifier: DOI:
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq0h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq0h) * Summary of changes: # Differences Between Current and Previous Versions In this version, we have made the following changes and additions compared to the previous version: 1. Subsections Added to Section 1: * 1.3 GLMM 75% Model naive trained, conflict, and color: Included details on the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) used to analyze naive, trained, conflict, and color treatments. * 1.4 GLMM total feeding attempts model trained, conflict, and color: Included details on the GLMM used to analyze total feeding attempts across trained, conflict, and color treatments. 2. New Section 3 Added: * 3 Tables: Added a section that allows the recreation of the summary tables included in the manuscript. 3. Figure and Table Updates: * Figure S1 is now Figure 2. * Figure 2 is now Figure 3. * Table S8 now includes the model summary for the model with feeding attempts. * Table S9 now includes all feeding attempts per individual. 4. Definition Clarification: * Sensory Weighting: We have now defined sensory weighting as the relative emphasis given to different modalities during behavioral decision-making. --- * Previous Version: * Number: 1.0.0 * Date: 2024-04-08 * Persistent identifier: DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq0h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq0h) --- * Dataset Title: Data for the article “Weighting of sensory cues reflects changing patterns of visual investment during ecological divergence in *Heliconius* butterflies” * Persistent Identifier: [https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.03.587949](https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.03.587949) * Dataset Contributors: * Creators: José Borrero, Elisa Mogollon Perez, Daniel Shane Wright, Daniela Lozano, Geraldine Rueda-Muñoz, Carolina Pardo-Diaz, Camilo Salazar, Stephen H. Montgomery & Richard M. Merrill * Date of Issue: 2024-04-05 * Publisher: BioRxiv * License: Use of these data is covered by the following license: * Title: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) * Specification: [https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/); the authors respectfully request to be contacted by researchers interested in the re-use of these data so that the possibility of collaboration can be discussed. * Suggested Citations: * Dataset citation: &gt; Jose Borrero, Elisa A Mogollon Perez, Daniel Shane Wright, Daniela Lozano, Geraldine Rueda-Munoz, Carolina Pardo-Diaz, Camilo Salazar, Stephen H Montgomery and Richard M Merrill (2024), Sensory weighting reflects changing patterns of visual investment during ecological divergence in *Heliconius* butterflies, Dryad, Dataset UPDATE_LATER * Corresponding publication: UPDATE_LATER &gt; Jose Borrero, Elisa A Mogollon Perez, Daniel Shane Wright, Daniela Lozano, Geraldine Rueda-Munoz, Carolina Pardo-Diaz, Camilo Salazar, Stephen H Montgomery, Richard M. Merrill bioRxiv 2024.04.03.587949; doi: [https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.03.587949](https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.03.587949) ## Contact Information * Name: Jose Borrero * Affiliations: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich * ORCID ID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0164-496X](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0164-496X) * Email: [jborreromalo@gmail.com](mailto:jborreromalo@gmail.com) * Alternate Email: [jose.borrero@lmu.de](mailto:jose.borrero@lmu.de) * Address: e-mail preferred * Alternative Contact: PI * Name: Richard M. Merrill * Affiliations: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich * ORCID ID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-9298](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-9298) * Email: [merrill@bio.lmu.de](mailto:merrill@bio.lmu.de) * Address: LMU München, Biozentrum Martinsried, Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82152 Martinsried * Contributor ORCID IDs: * José Borrero [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0164-496X](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0164-496X) * Elisa A Mogollon Perez * Daniel Shane Wright [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-6718](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-6718) * Daniela Lozano * Geraldine Rueda-Munoz * Carolina Pardo-Diaz [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-1183](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-1183) * Camilo Salazar [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-6588](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-6588) * Stephen H Montgomery [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-5695](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-5695) * Richard M. Merrill [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-9298](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-9298) --- # Additional Dataset Metadata ## Dates and Locations * Dates of data collection: Field data collected between October 2021 and February 2022 * Geographic locations of data collection: Wild *Heliconius cydno cydno* and *H. melpomene martinae* were caught in forests near La Vega, Cundinamarca (5.0005° N, 74.3394° W) in Colombia. Wild individuals were used to establish stocks at the Experimental Station José Celestino Mutis – Universidad del Rosario, Colombia --- # Data and File Overview ## Summary Metrics * File count: 3 * Total file size: 1.8 MB * Range of individual file sizes: 1010 B - 2.8 MB * File formats: .csv ## Table of Contents * README.md * Sensoryweighting_analysis_final.Rmd * G28_G14_conflict_compiled ## Setup * Recommended software/tools: RStudio version 2023.09.1+494; R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16) Beagle Scouts --- # File/Folder Details ## Details for: G28\_G14\_conflict\_compiled * Description: a comma-delimited file contains behavioral data from associative learning experiment on *H. cydno* and *H. melpomene* * Format(s): .csv * Size(s): 1.7 MB * Dimensions: 9955 rows x 20 Variables * Variables: * Date : Date with format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss * Weather : weather categories, overcast, over50 and under50. For a detailed description see manuscript. * Day : Testing day: Day1, Day5, Day6, Day7. For a detailed description see manuscript. * Level : Testing treatment: Naive, Trained, Conflict, Colour. For a detailed description see manuscript. * Stimulus : Positive Positive [blue/rose (+)], Negative combination \[red/lavender] (-)] or Conflict [blue/lavender] vs [red/rose] * Colour : Stimulous colour Blue or Red * Scent : Stimulous scent: Lavender, Rose, No * Feeding_time: Minute of the video where butterfly fed * Group : Groups of butterflies that were tested simultaneously. Rages from G14-G18 * Marking : Butterfly uniquely wing identifier 24 different markings * ID : Butterfly unique identifier 260 different individuals * attempts : Feeding attempts. For a detailed description see manuscript. * Species : Species CC (*H. cydno*) or MMC (*H. melpomene*) * Sex : Sex F (female) or M (male) * Origin : Reared vs. wild butteflies * date_eclosed: Date when buttefly eclosed * Cage : Experimental cage where behavioural tests where conducted contains two values C21 and C22 * Obsever : Observer that scored the video * Notes : Additional notes to individual in experiment * Missing data codes: “NA” or blank cells. ## Details for: Sensoryweighting\_analysis\_final.Rmd * Description: contains an R-script (notated in Rmarkdown) to reproduce the figures from the manuscript and run the statistical analysis. In order to produce the figures and run the analysis, you will need to download and read-out the csv files above * Format(s): .Rmd * Size(s): 106 KB --- END OF README # Read the content of the Markdown file md_content &lt;- readLines(“Readme_sensoryweighting.md”) # Write the content to a plain text file writeLines(md_content, “README.txt”)