cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/z30r-3n65
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Toromani - Divjaka - PIHA - ITRDB ALB004

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/z1qz-pv16
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Hölloch Cave, Germany 65-35 KYrBP Speleothem d18O Data

description: The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt, millennial-scale climate changes that contain useful information about the rate at which the climate can change from one state to another. Improvement in our knowledge of the temporal and spatial character of these rapid climate changes is important for understanding their causes and effects, and provides essential observational information for modeling studies. Here, we expand the coverage of terrestrial climate records during the last glacial period, and present a series of high-resolution stalagmite records from a cave in the northern Alps (central Europe) covering parts of the period 65-35 ka (before A.D. 1950). The climatic pattern revealed by the stalagmite temperature-controlled d18O profiles strongly resembles that of Greenland ice cores on millennial scales, and also corresponds to the detail of decadal-scale cooling events within interstadials. This demonstrates for the first time a strong climatic similarity and/or coupling between the two regions during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). Furthermore, an overall long-term agreement between the northern European Alps stalagmite chronology (NALPS) presented here, and the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 modelext (GICC05modelext), suggests that the central value of the Greenland chronology may be slightly too young, possibly as a result of an undercounting of layers in a younger section of the core, and that the uncertainty on the Greenland chronology may be overestimated. The synchronicity displayed here between Greenland and central Europe, especially during the period 65-49 ka, is crucial for our understanding of climate-system teleconnections that existed during the last glacial period, and will be important for developing mechanisms of abrupt climate events.
description: A climate record consisting of four precisely dated stalagmites from Hölloch cave located at the northern rim of the European Alps (NALPS) is presented. The region is exposed to a strong Atlantic influence via northwesterly winds favouring a comparison with climate in Greenland. 230Th dates (n = 59, datum = 1950 AD) are in stratigraphic order within 2s uncertainty. Powders were micro-milled at a resolution of 0.1-0.25 mm from the central axis of each stalagmite and analyzed for d18O (n = 4875). Confidence that isotopic equilibrium was closely maintained during deposition is given by remarkable replication of the stable-isotope profiles between stalagmites. The temporal resolution of the final modeled stable-isotope interval averages 4 yr (range <1-70 yr) and covers ten out of thirteen stadial - interstadial transitions, plus two precursor events during MIS 3.
DOI: 10.25921/z011-9476
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Uamh an Tartair Cave, Northwest Scotland 3000 Year Speleothem Growth Rate Data

description: Annually laminated stalagmites can be used to construct a precise chronology, and variations in laminae thickness provide an annual growth-rate record that can be used as a proxy for past climate and environmental change. Here, we present and analyse the first composite speleothem annual growth-rate record based on five stalagmites from the same cave system in northwest Scotland, where precipitation is sensitive to North Atlantic climate variability and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our 3000-year record confirms persistently low growth-rates, reflective of positive NAO states, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Another persistently low growth period occurring at 290-550 CE coincides with the European Migration Period, and a subsequent period of sustained fast growth-rate (negative NAO) from 600-900 AD provides the climate context for the Viking Age in northern and western Europe.
description: This is the final compilation of stalagmite growth-rate data from Uamh an Tartair cave, Sutherland, northwest Scotland. Uamh an Tartair (Cave of the roaring), is located near Inchnadamph, Sutherland, northwest Scotland.  Individual stalagmite growth-rate series are archived with a new composite series, SUcomp.  The 3000 year composite stalagmite growth rate record has an instrumental-period calibration with the North Atlantic Oscillation, so it is also a long annually-resolved proxy record of the NAO and effectively an extension of the NAO reconstruction of Trouet et al. 2009, Science 324:78.  
Additional information on this project is available at: 
https://theconversation.com/stalagmites-preserve-3-000-years-of-northern-hemisphere-climate-43254
DOI: 10.25921/zwjc-1458
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - McWethy Fire Data from Dukes Tarn, New Zealand - IMPD NZDKT001

description: Human-caused forest transitions are documented worldwide, especially during periods when land use by dense agriculturally-based populations intensified. However, the rate at which prehistoric human activities led to permanent deforestation is poorly resolved. In the South Island, New Zealand, the arrival of Polynesians c. 750 years ago resulted in dramatic forest loss and conversion of nearly half of native forests to open vegetation. This transformation, termed the Initial Burning Period, is documented in pollen and charcoal records, but its speed has been poorly constrained. High-resolution chronologies developed with a series of AMS radiocarbon dates from two lake sediment cores suggest the shift from forest to shrubland occurred within decades rather than centuries at drier sites. We examine two sites representing extreme examples of the magnitude of human impacts: a drier site that was inherently more vulnerable to human-set fires and a wetter, less burnable site. The astonishing rate of deforestation at the hands of small transient populations resulted from the intrinsic vulnerability of the native flora to fire and from positive feedbacks in post-fire vegetation recovery that increased landscape flammability. Spatially targeting burning in highly-flammable seral vegetation in forests rarely experiencing fire was sufficient to create an alternate fire-prone stable state. The New Zealand example illustrates how seemingly stable forest ecosystems can experience rapid and permanent conversions. Forest loss in New Zealand is among the fastest ecological transitions documented in the Holocene; yet equally rapid transitions can be expected in present-day regions wherever positive feedbacks support alternate fire-inhibiting, fire-prone stable states.
description: ;Keywords, Deforestation, human impacts, fire, positive feedbacks, tipping points, paleoecology, forest transitions, land-use change, alternate stable states; 
Collectors, Janet Wilmshurst, Matt Mcglone, David McWethy, Cathy Whitlock;

Site size (ha), 1.5; 

Contact person, "David McWethy, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University,dmcwethy@montana.edu"; 

Analysis method, raw count charcoal particles to charcoal influx;

Sample storage location, Montana State University MT;
DOI: 10.25921/za5x-tb34
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coastal Northernmost California Diatom, Silicoflagellates, and Pollen Data for the last 7300 years

description: Piston core TN062-O550, collected about 33 km offshore of Eureka, California, contains a high-resolution record of the climate and oceanography of coastal northernmost California during the past ~7.34 kyr. Chronology established by nine AMS ages on a combination of planktic foraminifers, bivalve shell fragments, and wood yields a mean sedimentation rate of 103 cm kyr-1. Marine proxies (diatoms and silicoflagellates) and pollen transported by the nearby Eel River reveal a stepwise development of both modern offshore surface water oceanography and coastal arboreal ecosystems. Beginning at ~5.4 cal ka the relative abundance of coastal redwood pollen, a proxy for coastal fog, displays a two fold increase suggesting enhanced coastal upwelling. A decline in the relative contribution of subtropical diatoms at ~5.0 cal ka implies cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). At ~3.6 cal ka an increase in the relative abundance of alder and oak at the expense of coastal redwood likely signals intensified riverine transport of pollen from inland environments. Cooler offshore SSTs and increased precipitation characterize the interval between ~3.6 and 2.8 cal ka. A rapid, stepwise change in coastal climatology and oceanography occurs between ~2.8 and 2.6 cal ka that suggests an enhanced expression of modern Pacific Decadal Oscillation-like (PDO) cycles. A three-fold increase in the relative abundance of the subtropical diatom Fragilariopsis doliolus at 2.8 cal ka appears to mark an abrupt warming of winter SSTs. Soon afterwards at 2.6 cal ka, a two fold increase in the relative abundance of coastal redwood pollen is suggestive of an abrupt intensification of spring upwelling. After ~2.8 cal ka a sequence of cool-warm, PDO-like cycles occurs wherein cool cycles are characterized by relative abundance increases in coastal redwood pollen and decreased contributions of subtropical diatoms, whereas opposite proxy trends distinguish warm cycles.
description: Metadata are from the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data are from the supplemental material of Barron et al. 2018 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039).
DOI: 10.25921/z5bf-3y17
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GISP2 Ice Core 110KYr Electrical Conductivity Measurements

description: The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) record is an indication of the concentration of H + in the core. The ECM detected seasonal variations in the nitrate concentration of the core which were used to assist in dating the core by annual layer counting. Volcanic eruptions that produce acidic aerosols are recorded in the ECM record. Evidence of biomass burning is detected by the ECM because fire-related ammonium emissions neutralize the acids in the core. Rapid climate transitions associated with the Younger Dryas and Dansgaard/Oeschger interstadial events alter the concentration of alkaline dust and are detected by the ECM. The ECM has been used to develop stratigraphic ties between the GISP2 and the Greenland Ice Core Project cores. Users of the data should be aware of some instrument-related artifacts in the ECM record.
description: GISP2 Electrical Conductivity Measurements (ECM), 1mm raw measurements and 0.5 meter averages with age.
DOI: 10.25921/zjz9-jr25
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GISP2 Snowpits Oxygen Isotope Data

description: Shallow cores to about 17 m depth were recovered at nine sites distributed on a 150 km × 150 km survey grid centered Summit in central Greenland. Measurements of the stable oxygen-isotope ratio and the gross β activity as a function of depth enable annual summer horizons to be identified and dated. From these data, average accumulation rates were computed with an uncertainty of about 5–8%. The contours of constant accumulation rate in the region suggest a primary moisture flux from the southwest of the grid. Similarly, contours of the average oxygen-isotope ratio are consistent with the progressive isotopic depletion of a precipitating air mass moving from the southwest, and automatic weather-station data indicate that the moisture flux tends to be largest from the southwest quadrant. The annual variation in the total accumulation over the grid shows no persistent trend over the interval 1964–87 common to all cores.
description: These files contain oxygen-isotope profiles for 9 shallow cores (to
approximately 17 m depth) recovered over a 150 x 150 km survey grid in
central Greenland.  All cores were recovered in May, 1987.  Isotopic data
in the upper 2 m of each profile were from the shallow drilling pits. 
Details on the site location, the core recovery, and the assignment of
core loss are given in Bolzan and Strobel, (1994).
DOI: 10.25921/z1bx-2a14
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Central Pacific ODP865 d18O measurements covering the Early Paleogene

description: Cool tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are reported for warm Paleogene greenhouse climates based on the d18O of planktonic foraminiferal tests. These results are difficult to reconcile with models of greenhouse gas–forced climate. It has been suggested that this “cool tropics paradox” arises from postdepositional alteration of foraminiferal calcite, yielding erroneously high d18O values. Recrystallization of foraminiferal tests is cryptic and difficult to quantify, and the compilation of robust d18O records from moderately altered material remains challenging. Scanning electron microscopy of planktonic foraminiferal chamber-wall cross sections reveals that the basal area of muricae, pustular outgrowths on the chamber walls of species belonging to the genus Morozovella, contain no mural pores and may be less susceptible to postdepositional alteration. We analyzed the d18O in muricae bases of morozovellids from the central Pacific (Ocean Drilling Program Site 865) by ion microprobe using 10 µm pits with an analytical reproducibility of ±0.34‰ (2 standard deviations). In situ measurements of d18O in these domains yield consistently lower values than those published for conventional multispecimen analyses. Assuming that the original d18O is largely preserved in the basal areas of muricae, this new d18O record indicates Early Paleogene (~49–56 Ma) tropical SSTs in the central Pacific were 4°–8°C higher than inferred from the previously published d18O record and that SSTs reached at least ~33°C during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. This study demonstrates the utility of ion microprobe analysis for generating more reliable paleoclimate records from moderately altered foraminiferal tests preserved in deep-sea sediments.
description: In situ oxygen isotope data were acquired between 2009 and 2011 in the WiscSIMS Laboratory at UW-Madison by a CAMECA ims-1280 large radius ion microprobe. A 133Cs+ primary ion beam with an intensity of ~1.8 nA was focused to a diameter of ~10 µm. The typical secondary 16O- ion intensity was 3.0 x 10^9 cps, and 18O- and 16O- ions were simultaneously collected by two Faraday Cup detectors. Charging of the sample surface was compensated by Au-coating and an electron flood gun. Grains of UWC-3 calcite standard (d18O = 12.49 per mill V-SMOW, Kozdon et al. 2009) were cast in the center of each epoxy mount. Four to five consecutive measurements of UWC-3 calcite standard were performed before and after every set of 9-15 sample analyses. The average precision (reproducibility) for a set of bracketing standard analyses is ±0.34 per mil (2 SD). Detailed analytical protocols are described by Kita et al. 2009. A total of 283 measurements were performed, including 95 bracketing standard analyses.
DOI: 10.25921/zcqs-0x83
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GRIP Ice Core 40 KYr Total Air Content Data

description: We present here measurements of the air content of the ice, V, performed along the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core. The main features of the long-term trends are (1) a decrease of 13% between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the earliest part of the Holocene, and (2) an increase of 8% during the Holocene. The results are discussed in terms of changes in atmospheric pressure, surface elevation and porosity at close-off. The V record contains a significant signal of past changes of surface elevation in qualitative agreement with ice sheet modeling simulations. It suggests a thickening of central Greenland during the transition from the LGM to the early Holocene, and a significant thinning through the Holocene period. It also stresses the large influence on past V variations of changes in ice porosity, which are not explained by the present-day spatial relationship with temperature and may reflect changes in other surface climatic parameters (like precipitation seasonality or wind stress). The potential role of temporal variations of atmospheric pressure patterns is also evaluated. Air content results in the GRIP ice older than 110 ka indicate values approximately in the same range as those observed during the last 40,000 years, with generally higher air content corresponding to isotopically warmer ice.
description: Air content (cubic centimeters per gram of ice) for the GRIP ice core.
DOI: 10.25921/zqrs-yh05
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam 750 Year PDSI Reconstruction

description: The "hydraulic city" of Angkor, the capitol of the Khmer Empire in Cambodia, experienced decades-long drought interspersed with intense monsoons in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that, in combination with other factors, contributed to its eventual demise. The climatic evidence comes from a seven-and-a-half century robust hydroclimate reconstruction from tropical southern Vietnamese tree rings. The Angkor droughts were of a duration and severity that would have impacted the sprawling city's water supply and agricultural productivity, while high-magnitude monsoon years damaged its water control infrastructure. Hydroclimate variability for this region is strongly and inversely correlated with tropical Pacific sea surface temperature, indicating that a warm Pacific and El Nino events induce drought at interannual and interdecadal time scales, and that low-frequency variations of tropical Pacific climate can exert significant influence over Southeast Asian climate and society. 
description: Early monsoon season (March to May) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstruction based on tree-ring data from Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam for the past 750 years.
DOI: 10.25921/zkk4-mt68
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmer - Camp Creek - LIBI - ITRDB NEWZ124

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-24. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.25921/z4ct-ya43
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Deck - Lower Tobalchik Volcano - LAGM - ITRDB RUSS262

description: Kamchatka's forests span across the peninsula's diverse topography and provide a wide range of physiographic and elevational settings that can be used to investigate how forests are responding to climate change and to anticipate future response. Birch (Betula ermanii Cham.) and larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) were sampled at eight new sites and together with previous collections were compared with monthly temperature and precipitation records to identify their climate response. Comparisons show that tree-ring widths in both species are primarily influenced by May through August temperatures of the current growth year, and that there is a general increase in temperature sensitivity with altitude. The ring-width data for each species were also combined into regional chronologies. The resulting composite larch chronology shows a strong resemblance to a Northern Hemisphere (NH) tree-ring based temperature reconstruction with the larch series tracking NH temperatures closely through the past 300 years. The composite birch ring-width series more closely reflects the Pacific regional coastal late summer temperatures. These new data improve our understanding of the response of forests to climate and show the low frequency warming noted in other, more continental records from high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Also evident in the ring-width record is that the larch and birch forests continue to track the strong warming of interior Kamchatka.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.25921/zv95-ks97
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Deck - Mid-Tobalchik Volcano - LAGM - ITRDB RUSS263

description: Kamchatka's forests span across the peninsula's diverse topography and provide a wide range of physiographic and elevational settings that can be used to investigate how forests are responding to climate change and to anticipate future response. Birch (Betula ermanii Cham.) and larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) were sampled at eight new sites and together with previous collections were compared with monthly temperature and precipitation records to identify their climate response. Comparisons show that tree-ring widths in both species are primarily influenced by May through August temperatures of the current growth year, and that there is a general increase in temperature sensitivity with altitude. The ring-width data for each species were also combined into regional chronologies. The resulting composite larch chronology shows a strong resemblance to a Northern Hemisphere (NH) tree-ring based temperature reconstruction with the larch series tracking NH temperatures closely through the past 300 years. The composite birch ring-width series more closely reflects the Pacific regional coastal late summer temperatures. These new data improve our understanding of the response of forests to climate and show the low frequency warming noted in other, more continental records from high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Also evident in the ring-width record is that the larch and birch forests continue to track the strong warming of interior Kamchatka.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.