cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-332-1
title: Diagram MAPD0332

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-333-1
title: Diagram MAPD0333

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-334-1
title: Diagram MAPD0334

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-335-1
title: Diagram MAPD0335

description: Acutis Spatiosis: The diagram represents the passage of the Moon latitudinally and obliquely through the zodiacal band. Across five parallel and equally spaced horizontal lines a diagonal is drawn. On the middle parallel appears a small circle labeled for the Sun. Along the diagonal appears a small circle labeled for the Moon. In the acute angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "acutus"; in the obtuse angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "spatiosus''. The phrase from the text of Capella, "aut acutis aut spatiosis", appears in complete or abbreviated form above the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-337-1
title: Diagram MAPD0337

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-338-1
title: Diagram MAPD0338

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-340-1
title: Diagram MAPD0340

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-341-1
title: Diagram MAPD0341

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-342-1
title: Diagram MAPD0342

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-343-1
title: Diagram MAPD0343

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-346-1
title: Diagram MAPD0346

description: Acutis Spatiosis: The diagram represents the passage of the Moon latitudinally and obliquely through the zodiacal band. Across five parallel and equally spaced horizontal lines a diagonal is drawn. On the middle parallel appears a small circle labeled for the Sun. Along the diagonal appears a small circle labeled for the Moon. In the acute angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "acutus"; in the obtuse angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "spatiosus''. The phrase from the text of Capella, "aut acutis aut spatiosis", appears in complete or abbreviated form above the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-347-1
title: Diagram MAPD0347

description: Capellan Planetary Theory: Appearing in two forms, both fairly elaborate, the diagram includes a number of aspects of planetary motion. The much more common form, labeled "apsides" in the catalogue, includes the planetary apsides as described in Capella's text, which appear as tumors (bumps) on the planetary paths. The alternative and more infrequent form, labelled "rectus ascensus", does not include apsides and shows the paths of the planets to be combinations of vertical lines on the sides and connecting arcs at top and bottom of the diagram. Both forms display Venus and Mercury as circumsolar intersecting paths. Both forms locate the earth away from the center of the diagram. Neither form represents a section of Capella's text; both are combinations of many elements of Capella's text. This diagram always appears as a large image, dominating the page. If it appears in combination with a group of other diagrams, appended to Capella's text, the "planetary theory" diagram is much larger than any other single diagram on the page.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-349-1
title: Diagram MAPD0349

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-353-1
title: Diagram MAPD0353

description: Absque Libra: The diagram simply uses a vertical line to demarcate the beginning of the sign of Libra and then shows the Sun at mid-latitude before entering the sign while showing the Sun one half a degree above and below its previous latitude after entering Libra. Four horizontal parallels, equally spaced, are cut by a vertical line. To the left of the vertical there appears a small circle in the middle space formed by the four parallels. To the right of the vertical there appear two small circles, one bisected by the second parallel down, the other bisected by the third parallel down. These two circles to the right of the vertical are placed with the upper circle distinctly to the left of the lower circle. On the right side of the vertical line there appears above the four parallels the letter "L". Below the top parallel, to the right of the vertical line, is the phrase from the text, "absque Libre confinio", or some variant of this.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-355-1
title: Diagram MAPD0355

description: Three Versions of Circumsolar Planets: The figure combines three diagrams to illustrate not only the text of Capella but also at least one alternative. The modern edition of the text produces the form with concentric circles. A commonly accepted medieval emendation of the text produces the form withintersecting circles. A related text of Pliny, dealing with the paths of the inner planets but not presented by the medieval illustrator of Capella's text, produces the form with truncated paths that do not cross beyond the path of the Sun. On a long curvilinear line, often a regular circular arc, appear three diagrams, each a different version of the Venus - Mercury - Sun circumsolar pattern. Normally the only labels with these diagrams are the planetary names, but a few examples give the names of Pliny, Martianus, and Bede for the three, from left to right along the connecting line. From left to right the three versions have the general appearance, respectively, of truncated paths, intersecting circles, and concentric circles. Each of these three versions appears at times as a separate diagram in the margin of the text of Capella's astronomy. (i) The version on the left side has two lines pendant to the solar, connecting line. The pendant for Venus is a semi-circle or almost a semi-circle. The other pendant, for Mercury, hangs lower in a teardrop shape and intersects the path of Venus. This second pendant has its upper tip cut off by the solar line. The Mercury pendant begins within the semi-circle for Venus and then expands as it drops down, cutting the path of Venus and spreading below it to form a pendant about the same width as the semi-circle of Venus. On each planetary line appears a small labeled circle for each of the bodies of the Sun, Venus, and Mercury, arranged vertically with respect to one another. (ii) The version in the middle has two circles of approximately equal size intersecting each other and the path of the Sun. The upper circle has its center on the solar arc; the lower circle has its center well below the solar arc. Arranged vertically are small labeled circles on each arc in the following ascending order: Mercury - Venus - Sun - Mercury - Venus. (iii) The version on the right has two concentric circles with the body of the Sun at their center. In vertical order there appear five small circles, labeled in ascending order as follows: Venus - Mercury - Sun - Mercury - Venus.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-356-1
title: Diagram MAPD0356

description: Ultra Triginta: The diagram seeks to represent a statement in Capella's text resulting from a corruption of the text. The modern editors do not comment, but medieval scholars considered the text correct with this corruption and sought to make sense of it. Recognizing that the elongation of Mercury from the Sun does not exceed 22° along the arc of the solar circle, the illustrator presents a larger divergence of Mercury from the Sun (up to 32°) somehow below the Sun. From a short arc of large radius, representing part of the circle of the Sun around the earth, is suspended a shape that is approximately a semi-circle, though in some examples it is much more a low-hanging pendant. At the bottom of this semi-circle, or pendant, is a small circle, which represents Mercury. Frequently at the top of the figure, on the solar arc, is a small circle to represent the Sun. Neither of these small circles is usually labeled. Within the enclosure formed by the pendant and the arc of the Sun's path is written the phrase from the text of Capella, either "ultra xxxta" or "ultra xxxii", the former being an incomplete form of the latter.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-357-1
title: Diagram MAPD0357

description: Acutis Spatiosis: The diagram represents the passage of the Moon latitudinally and obliquely through the zodiacal band. Across five parallel and equally spaced horizontal lines a diagonal is drawn. On the middle parallel appears a small circle labeled for the Sun. Along the diagonal appears a small circle labeled for the Moon. In the acute angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "acutus"; in the obtuse angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "spatiosus''. The phrase from the text of Capella, "aut acutis aut spatiosis", appears in complete or abbreviated form above the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-359-1
title: Diagram MAPD0359

description: Eclipses: The diagram combines both solar and lunar eclipses in a single diagram. It presents only the longitudinal motions and accounts for only the most basic elements of solar and lunar eclipse. The figure combines the elements for a plane representation of both solar and lunar eclipses.Two concentric circles show the paths of Sun and Moon around the earth, usually labeled and placed in the center of the circles, though sometimes off-center. Vertically and in line with each other, are four small circles, representing the bodies of the Earth and planets involved. Lowest is the body of the Moon on its circle. Next is the earth, connected to the lunar body by a cone or column for the shadow ("umbra", when labeled) of the Earth upon the Moon below it. Vertically above the Earth is another lunar circle, here for a solar eclipse. Uppermost in the diagram is the small circle for the body of the Sun. Between the upper lunar circle and the solar circle above it appears the label for ``conjunction'' ("coitus").
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-362-1
title: Diagram MAPD0362

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-364-1
title: Diagram MAPD0364

description: Absque Libra: The diagram simply uses a vertical line to demarcate the beginning of the sign of Libra and then shows the Sun at mid-latitude before entering the sign while showing the Sun one half a degree above and below its previous latitude after entering Libra. Four horizontal parallels, equally spaced, are cut by a vertical line. To the left of the vertical there appears a small circle in the middle space formed by the four parallels. To the right of the vertical there appear two small circles, one bisected by the second parallel down, the other bisected by the third parallel down. These two circles to the right of the vertical are placed with the upper circle distinctly to the left of the lower circle. On the right side of the vertical line there appears above the four parallels the letter "L". Below the top parallel, to the right of the vertical line, is the phrase from the text, "absque Libre confinio", or some variant of this.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-368-1
title: Diagram MAPD0368

description: Absque Libra: The diagram simply uses a vertical line to demarcate the beginning of the sign of Libra and then shows the Sun at mid-latitude before entering the sign while showing the Sun one half a degree above and below its previous latitude after entering Libra. Four horizontal parallels, equally spaced, are cut by a vertical line. To the left of the vertical there appears a small circle in the middle space formed by the four parallels. To the right of the vertical there appear two small circles, one bisected by the second parallel down, the other bisected by the third parallel down. These two circles to the right of the vertical are placed with the upper circle distinctly to the left of the lower circle. On the right side of the vertical line there appears above the four parallels the letter "L". Below the top parallel, to the right of the vertical line, is the phrase from the text, "absque Libre confinio", or some variant of this.
description: Medieval Diagrams