DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15134795
title: TABLE 2 in A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil

description: TABLE 2. Comparative morphological and spicule dimensions, and distribution data for valid published species in the Acarnus “souriei” group of species. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as minimum–maximum or minimum– average –maximum length /width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed at the bottom of the table.
SpeciesForm of growthSpiculesOccurrence/ DepthCladotylotesMegascleres oth- ers (t: tylotes; s: styles)Toxas (I—Oxhorn; II—Thin deep-curved; III—Accolada)Microscleres others (i:isochelae; a:acan- thostyles)A. bicladotylotus Hoshino, 19811Incrusting, of- ten agglutinating calcareous debris or barnaclesI—140–210/3–7 II—38–110/0.5–6t: 143–404/3–6. s: 195–460/4–12I—48–75 II—30–212 III—150–250i:14–20 a:70–127/1.5–5Indo-West Pacific Japan, Indonesia, Mal- dives, Seychelle.A. caledoniensis Hooper & Lévi, 19933Small spherical, subspherical or mas- sive spongesI—122– 165.7 –192/1.5– 2.3 –3 cladome 2.5– 3.9 –5 II—68– 111.2 –152/1.5– 1.7 –2 Cladome 2– 2.4 –3.5t: 304– 330.1 – 365/3– 5.0 –6 s: 321– 354.3 – 423/4– 7.5 –10I—Oxhorn toxas absent II—52– 93.2 –141/0.5– 0.9 – 1.2 III—185– 269.6 –386/0.4– 1.1 –1.8i: 14– 18.4 –22 a:I–95– 111.7 –129/2– 3.3 –4 II–69– 76.3 –84/2– 3.1 –4Southern lagoon of New Caledonia/ 5–25m.A. guentheri (Dendy, 1896) 4 (original descrip- tion)MassiveI—280/3 II—80/1.5t: no information s: no informationLongs and lightly curved, resemble toxai: 12 a: no informationAustralia.Acarnus levii (Vacelet, 1960) 1Thinly encrusting to massive.I—180–210/4.5–6 II—100–140/ 2–4t: 260–460/3–4.5 s: 315–480/6–9I & II—Oxhorn grading into thin deeply 20–140 III—not foundi: 13–16 a: 55–115/ 3–5Western Mediter- ranean/ 47–55m.A. michoacanensis Aguilar-Camacho, Car- ballo & Cruz-Barraza, 20132Thinly encrusting sponge (2 mm thick) growing into dead coral fragments.112.5–135/2.5–3 µm; cladome 10.5–14t: 207.5–277/5–8 s: 207.5–277/5–8I—thin with a curvature in the middle 152–210 II—wing-shaped 42–92.5i: 1.3–12.5 a: 47.5–72.5/4–5.5Mexico/ 8m.A. nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 19911Thinly encrusting dead corals, and also excavating these to a shallow depth.I—140–205/3–5 II—70–117/1–2t: 119–380/ 3–7 s: 240–381/ 5–7I—48–75 II—30–212 III—140–330i: 14–21 a: 55–115/1–5Caribbean; Bra- zil./ 60–75m.CladotylotesMegascleres oth- ers (t: tylotes; s: styles)Toxas (I—Oxhorn; II—Thin deep-curved; III—Accolada)Microscleres others (i:isochelae; a:acan- thostyles)A. peruanus van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 19911Thick Massive.I—97–138/6.3–10 Cladome 9–22.5 II—57.5–75/2.5–4.Cladome 7.5–15t: 80–170 s:150–355/7.5– 12.5I—elongated with a lightly curvature in the middle (125–210) II—thin and lightly curved (25–75 μm)i: 12–17.5 a: 75–98/2.5–6.3Central Peru; Mexican Tropical Pacific; Western Galapagos Island.A. primigenius Hiemstra & Hooper, 19911 (origi- nal description)Thin hairy crust on the surface of a Seri- atopora sp. (needle coral).54–67/5t: 137–184/2–5 s: 99–240/4–6I—14–46 II—Absent III—Absenti: 14–21.5 a: 60–68/5Indonesian Ex- clusive Economic Zone/ 18 m.A. radovani (Boury- Esnault, 1973)1Incrusting.172–218/ 4–6t: 350–473/3–4 s: Up to 350/ 5–8I—77–104/3–6 II—50–204 III—150–309i: 18–22 a:81–141Brazil (Parnam- buco and Rio de Janeiro States)/ 51–58.5 m.A. souriei (Lévi, 1952) 1Thinly encrusting.80–200/ 4–6t: 230–310/ 3–5 s: 160–350/ 4–9I—30–78 II—50–150 III—160–200i: 12–20 a: I—100–165/ 4–6 II—63–90/ 2–3Senegal, Cape Verde Islands, Gulf of Guinea/ 0.2–25 m.A. tener Tanita, 19631Massive (up to 2 cm thick and 5 by 4 in lateral expansion).130–190/ 5–6t: 180–330/2.5–5 s: 260–340/ 8–10I and II—70–110 (Oxhorn and thin deeply curved) III—160–230i: 12–18 a: 70–130/4–6Japan, Central Pacific
description: Published as part of Nascimento, Elielton & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2023, A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil, pp. 527-528 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on page 527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7961435