DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17635494
title: Compiled literature chemistry and Gale crater, Mars data for the paper "Elucidating the mineralogy of terrestrial manganese minerals using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with relevance for Gale crater, Mars."

description: The file “Compiled Lit Chemistry.csv” dataset compiles the elemental composition of manganese and iron-rich rocks in the terrestrial literature (references included below), NASA Curiosity ChemCam Gale crater, Mars observation point data, and analyses for this paper. The terrestrial literature includes lacustrine, marine, ironstone, ooids, laterite, carbonate, soil, and banded iron formations and compiles major, minor, and trace element data from 1,182 samples. Other columns include a calculation of Fe/Mn ratio, the literature reference number, the type of formation, the location, the speciation of Fe and Mn (carbonate or oxide), the age of the specimen if known, the analytical methods used in the paper, and any special notes about the data or rocks from each paper. Gale crater data comes from the NASA Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument. The geochemical data includes major oxide data and trace element data compiled from the Planetary Data System (PDS) Geoscience Node (https://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl/chemcam.htm). The Mars data only includes Mars sedimentary rocks, removes data from beyond 4.5 m, and only includes MnO ≥ 0.13 wt% (4,751 observation points). This value represents observation points in the upper 25% quartile range for MnO in the Mars ChemCam dataset. This data is used for figures in the manuscript where data from this study are compared to the literature and/or Gale crater.

The file “ccam_comps_w-MnO_20210114-Mn sediments.csv” compiles all of the ChemCam Mars major oxide observation point data from the start of the mission to sol 3007. This data only includes observation point data on sedimentary rocks, excluding targets beyond 4.5 m (21,029 observation points). A portion of the data for sols 1000-3007 with RMSEP accuracy error bars is shown in Figure 1 of the manuscript. Trace element data is included for the targets after sol 1000 when available from the PDS. This dataset includes the major oxide precision and Root Mean Squared Error of the Prediction (RMSEP) accuracy uncertainty data, file name, solar day (sol) when the data was collected on Mars, target name, distance, and trace element data with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) uncertainty, and notes on the trace element data. For trace element data “<LoD” is defined as “less than the limit of detection.” Trace element data that is of poor quality was not included in the “Compiled Lit Chemistry.csv,” dataset or in the manuscript figures because either it is a bad fit of the spectral data, or below the detection or quantification limit of the instrument, but all the information is included in this dataset for completeness.

 

References

1          Garnit, H., & Bouhlel, S. (2017). Petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Eocene oolitic ironstones of the Jebel Ank, Southern Tunisian Atlas. Ore Geology Reviews, 84, 134–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.026

2          Harriss, R. C., & Troup, A. G. (1970). CHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF FRESHWATER FERROMANGANESE CONCRETIONS: FRESHWATER FERROMANGANESE CONCRETIONS. Limnology and Oceanography, 15(5), 702–712. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1970.15.5.0702

3          Babechuk, M. G., Widdowson, M., & Kamber, B. S. (2014). Quantifying chemical weathering intensity and trace element release from two contrasting basalt profiles, Deccan Traps, India. Chemical Geology, 363, 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.027

4          Suhr, N., Schoenberg, R., Chew, D., Rosca, C., Widdowson, M., & Kamber, B. S. (2018). Elemental and isotopic behaviour of Zn in Deccan basalt weathering profiles: Chemical weathering from bedrock to laterite and links to Zn deficiency in tropical soils. Science of The Total Environment, 619–620, 1451–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.112

5          Campodonico, V. A., Pasquini, A. I., Lecomte, K. L., García, M. G., & Depetris, P. J. (2019). Chemical weathering in subtropical basalt-derived laterites: A mass balance interpretation (Misiones, NE Argentina). CATENA, 173, 352–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.10.027

6          Di Bella, M., Sabatino, G., Quartieri, S., Ferretti, A., Cavalazzi, B., Barbieri, R., et al. (2019). Modern Iron Ooids of Hydrothermal Origin as a Proxy for Ancient Deposits. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 7107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43181-y

7          Lottermoser, B. G., & Ashley, P. M. (1996). Geochemistry and exploration significance of ironstones and barite-rich rocks in the Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup, Olary Block, South Australia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 57(1–3), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00016-7

8          Ma, J.-L., Wei, G.-J., Xu, Y.-G., Long, W.-G., & Sun, W.-D. (2007). Mobilization and re-distribution of major and trace elements during extreme weathering of basalt in Hainan Island, South China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(13), 3223–3237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.035

9          Matheson, E. J., & Pufahl, P. K. (2021). Clinton ironstone revisited and implications for Silurian Earth system evolution. Earth-Science Reviews, 215, 103527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103527

10        Mücke, A. (2003). General and comparative considerations of whole-rock and mineral compositions of Precambrian iron-formations and their implications. Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 179(2), 175–219. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2003/0179-0175

11        Mücke, A., & Farshad, F. (2005). Whole-rock and mineralogical composition of Phanerozoic ooidal ironstones: Comparison and differentiation of types and subtypes. Ore Geology Reviews, 26(3–4), 227–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.08.001

12        Salama, W., El Aref, M., & Gaupp, R. (2012). Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of the Middle Eocene ironstones, El Bahariya Depression, Western Desert, Egypt. Gondwana Research, 22(2), 717–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.11.011

13        Lyu, Y. J., Zhou, M.-F., Hu, R.-Z., Liu, Z. R., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Origin of the giant Devonian Daxigou sedimentary siderite deposit, Central China. Mineralium Deposita. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-024-01336-6

14        Calvert, S. E., & Price, N. B. (1977). Chapter 3 Shallow Water, Continental Margin and Lacustrine Nodules: Distribution and Geochemistry. In Elsevier Oceanography Series (Vol. 15, pp. 45–86). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0422-9894(08)71017-1

15        Belzile, N., Chen, Y. W., & Grenier, M. (2001). Freshwater metallic concretions from an acidic lake characterized by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, 46(5), 145–151.

16        Cronan, D. S., & Thomas, R. L. (1970). Ferromanganese concretions in Lake Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 7(5), 1346–1349. https://doi.org/10.1139/e70-128

17        Gorham, E., & Swaine, D. J. (1965). THE INFLUENCE OF OXIDIZING AND REDUCING CONDITIONS UPON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN LAKE SEDIMENTS1. Limnology and Oceanography, 10(2), 268–279. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1965.10.2.0268

18        Moore, W., Dean, W., Krishnaswami, S., & Borole, D. (1980). Growth rates of manganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 46(2), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90005-9

19        Schoettle, M., & Friedman, G. M. (1971). Fresh Water Iron-Manganese Nodules in Lake George, New York. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[101:FWINIL]2.0.CO;2

20        Sozanski, A. G., & Cronan, D. S. (1979). Ferromanganese concretions in Shebandowan Lakes, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16(1), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1139/e79-012

21        Asavin, A. M., Kubrakova, I. V., Mel’nikov, M. E., Tyutyunnik, O. A., & Chesalova, E. I. (2010). Geochemical zoning in ferromanganese crusts of Ita-MaiTai guyot. Geochemistry International, 48(5), 423–445. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702910050010

22        Baturin, G. N., & Dubinchuk, V. T. (2010). On the composition of ferromanganese nodules of the Indian Ocean. Doklady Earth Sciences, 434(1), 1179–1183. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X10090084

23        Calvert, S. E., & Piper, D. Z. (1984). Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES site a, Northern Equatorial Pacific: Multiple diagenetic metal sources in the deep sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48(10), 1913–1928. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90374-0

24        De Carlo, E. H., & McMurtry, G. M. (1992). Rare-earth element geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts from the Hawaiian Archipelago, central Pacific. Chemical Geology, 95(3–4), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90014-V

25        Marino, E., González, F. J., Somoza, L., Lunar, R., Ortega, L., Vázquez, J. T., et al. (2017). Strategic and rare elements in Cretaceous-Cenozoic cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from seamounts in the Canary Island Seamount Province (northeastern tropical Atlantic). Ore Geology Reviews, 87, 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.10.005

26        Pattan, J. N., & Banakar, V. K. (1993). Rare earth element distribution and behaviour in buried manganese nodules from the Central Indian Basin. Marine Geology, 112(1–4), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90175-U

27        Von Stackelberg, U. (1997). Growth history of manganese nodules and crusts of the Peru Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119(1), 153–176. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.11

28        Maynard, J. B. (2010). The Chemistry of Manganese Ores through Time: A Signal of Increasing Diversity of Earth-Surface Environments. Economic Geology, 105(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535

29        Eder, V. G., Föllmi, K. B., Zanin, Y. N., & Zamirailova, A. G. (2018). Manganese carbonates in the Upper Jurassic Georgiev Formation of the Western Siberian marine basin. Sedimentary Geology, 363, 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.11.012

30        Kuhn, T., Wegorzewski, A., Rühlemann, C., & Vink, A. (2017). Composition, Formation, and Occurrence of Polymetallic Nodules. In R. Sharma (Ed.), Deep-Sea Mining (pp. 23–63). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52557-0_2

31        Tsikos, H., & Moore, J. M. (1997). Petrography and geochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Hotazel Iron-Formation, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa; implications for Precambrian manganese metallogenesis. Economic Geology, 92(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.1.87

32        Rossmann, R., & Callender, E. (1968). Manganese Nodules in Lake Michigan. Science, 162(3858), 1123–1124. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3858.1123

33        Huckriede, H., & Meischner, D. (1996). Origin and environment of manganese-rich sediments within black-shale basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(8), 1399–1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00008-7

34        Szymański, W., & Skiba, M. (2013). Distribution, Morphology, and Chemical Composition of Fe-Mn Nodules in Albeluvisols of the Carpathian Foothills, Poland. Pedosphere, 23(4), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(13)60037-5

35        Cornu, S., Deschatrettes, V., Salvador-Blanes, S., Clozel, B., Hardy, M., Branchut, S., & Le Forestier, L. (2005). Trace element accumulation in Mn—Fe—oxide nodules of a planosolic horizon. Geoderma, 125(1–2), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.06.009

36        Singh, B., & Gilkes, R. J. (1992). Properties and distribution of iron oxides and their association with minor elements in the soils of south‐western Australia. Journal of Soil Science, 43(1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1992.tb00121.x

37        Trolard, F., Bourrie, G., Jeanroy, E., Herbillon, A. J., & Martin, H. (1995). Trace metals in natural iron oxides from laterites: A study using selective kinetic extraction. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(7), 1285–1297.

38        Latrille, C., Elsass, F., Van Oort, F., & Denaix, L. (2001). Physical speciation of trace metals in Fe–Mn concretions from a rendzic lithosol developed on Sinemurian limestones (France). Geoderma, 100(1–2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00083-5

39        Palumbo, B., Bellanca, A., Neri, R., & Roe, M. J. (2001). Trace metal partitioning in Fe–Mn nodules from Sicilian soils, Italy. Chemical Geology, 173(4), 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00284-9

40        Zhang, M., & Karathanasis, A. D. (1997). CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON-MANGANESE CONCRETIONS IN KENTUCKY ALFISOLS WITH PERCHED WATER TABLES. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45(3), 428–439.

41        Takahashi, Y., Manceau, A., Geoffroy, N., Marcus, M. A., & Usui, A. (2007). Chemical and structural control of the partitioning of Co, Ce, and Pb in marine ferromanganese oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(4), 984–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.016

42        Cronan, D. S., & Thomas, R. L. (1972). Geochemistry of ferromanganese oxide concretions and associate deposits in Lake Ontario. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83, 1493–1502.

43        Rossmann, R., & Callender, E. (1969). Geochemistry of Lake Michigan Manganese Nodules. Conference on Great Lakes Research, 12, 306–316.

44        Edgington, D. N., & Callender, E. (1970). Minor element geochemistry of Lake Michigan ferromanganese nodules. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 8(2), 97–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(70)90157-3

45        Bostrom, K., Wiborg, L., & Ingri, J. (1982). Geochemistry and Origin of ferromanganese concretions in the Gulf of Bothnia. Marine Geology, 50, 1–24.

46        Calvert, S. E., & Price, N. B. (1970). Composition of manganese nodules and manganese carbonates from Loch Fyne, Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology, 29, 215–233.

47        Cook, D. O., & Felix, D. W. (1975). Ferromanganese Deposits in the Saranac Lake System New York. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(75)72332-8

48        Dean, W. E. (1970). Fe-Mn oxidate crusts in Oneida Lake, New York. 13th Conference Great Lakes Research, 217–226.

49        Halbach, P. (1975). Mineralogical and geochemical investigations on Finnish lake ores. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 48(1–2), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/48.1-2.004

50        Hayles, S., Al, T., Cornett, J., Harrison, A., & Zhao, J. (2021). Growth rates for freshwater ferromanganese concretions indicate regional climate change in eastern Canada at the Northgrippian-Meghalayan boundary. Holocene, 31(8), 1250–1263. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211011652

51        Ku, T. L., & Glasby, G. P. (1972). Radiometric evidence for the rapid growth rate of shallow-water, continental margin manganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 36(6), 699–703. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(72)90112-3

52        Damiani, V., Morton, T. W., & Thomas, R. L. (1973). Freshwater ferromanganese nodules from the Big Bay section of the Bay of Quinte, northern Lake Ontario. Proc. 16th Conf. Great Lakes Res., 397–403.

53        Ljunggren, P. (1955). Geochemistry and radioactivity of some Mn and Fe bog ores. GFF, 77(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035895509455349

54        Strakhovenko, V. D., Shkol’nik, S. I., & Danilenko, I. v. (2018). Ferromanganese nodules of freshwater reservoirs of Ol’khon Island (Baikal) and the Kulunda Plain (West Siberia). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 59(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2018.01.010

55        Suess, E., & Djafari, D. (1977). Trace metal distribution in Baltic Sea ferromanganese concretions: inferences on accretion rates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 35(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(77)90027-9

56        Takamatsu, T., Kawashima, M., Matsushita, R., & Koyama, M. (1985). General Distribution Profiles of Thirty-six Elements in Sediments and Manganese Concretions of Lake Biwa. Japanese Journal of Limnology (Rikusuigaku Zasshi), 46(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.46.115

57        Varentsov, I. M. (1972). GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF IRON-MANGANESE NODULES AND CRUSTS IN RECENT BASINS I. ENINGI-LAMPI LAKE, CENTRAL KARELIA. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, 363–381.

58        Vereshchagin, O. S., Perova, E. N., Brusnitsyn, A. I., Ershova, V. B., Khudoley, A. K., Shilovskikh, V. v., & Molchanova, E. v. (2019). Ferro-manganese nodules from the Kara Sea: Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 106(September 2018), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.01.023

59        Williams, T. M., & Owen, R. B. (1992). Geochemistry and origins of lacustrine ferromanganese nodules from the Malawi Rift, Central Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56(7), 2703–2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90354-L

60        Zhamoida, V. A., Butylin, W. P., Glasby, G. P., & Popova, I. A. (1996). The nature of ferromanganese concretions from the eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 14(2), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641199609388309

61        Varentsov, I. M. (1973). GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF FERROMANGANESE ORES IN SHELF REGIONS OF RECENT SEAS. Acta Mineralogica-Petrologica, XXI(1), 141–153.

62        This Study

63        Callender, E. (1973). Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts, manganese carbonate crusts, and associated ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan. In Inter-University Program of Research on Ferromanganese deposits of the ocean floor (pp. 105–121). National Science Foundation.

64        Emelyanov, E. M. (2011). Ferromanganese ore process in the Baltic Sea. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 46(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490211030035

65        Moore, J. R., Meyer, R. P., & Worgan, C. L. (1973). Investigation of the sediments and potential manganese nodule resources of Green Bay, Wisconsin. In University of Wisconsin Sea Grant College Geo-environmental and Mineral Resources Program (p. 1973). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/40210

66        Bandopadhyay, P. C. (1988). Syndepositional and postdepositional features of the manganese ore deposits of the Proterozoic Penganga group, Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Mineral. Deposita, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00206660 in Maynard, J. B. (2010). The Chemistry of Manganese Ores through Time: A Signal of Increasing Diversity of Earth-Surface Environments. Economic Geology, 105(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535

67        Gültekin, A. (1998). Geochemistry and origin of the Oligocene Binkılıç manganese deposit; Thrace basin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 7, 11–24. in Maynard, J. B. (2010). The Chemistry of Manganese Ores through Time: A Signal of Increasing Diversity of Earth-Surface Environments. Economic Geology, 105(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535

68        Varentsov, I. M., & Rakhmanov, V. P. (1980). Manganese deposits of the USSR (a review). In I. Varentsov & Gy. Grasselly (Eds.), Geology and geochemistry of manganese (Vol. 2, pp. 319–392). E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuch- handlung. in Maynard, J. B. (2010). The Chemistry of Manganese Ores through Time: A Signal of Increasing Diversity of Earth-Surface Environments. Economic Geology, 105(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535

69        Fan, D., Hein, J. R., & Ye, J. (1999). Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China. In Ore Geology Reviews (Vol. 15).  in Maynard, J. B. (2010). The Chemistry of Manganese Ores through Time: A Signal of Increasing Diversity of Earth-Surface Environments. Economic Geology, 105(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535

70        Pfeifer, H.-R., Oberhansli, H., & Epprecht, W. (1988). GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A SYNSEDIMENTARY HYDROTHERMAL ORIGIN OF JURASSIC IRON-MANGANESE DEPOSITS AT GONZEN (SARGANS, HELVETIC ALPS, SWITZERLAND). In Marine Geology (Vol. 84).

71        Fan, D., Ye, J., Yin, L., & Zhang, R. (n.d.). Microbial processes in the formation of the Sinian Gaoyan manganese carbonate ore, Sichuan Province, China. In Ore Geology Reviews (Vol. 15).

72        Rantitsch, G., Melcher, F., Meisel, T. et al. Rare earth, major and trace elements in Jurassic manganese shales of the Northern Calcareous Alps: hydrothermal versus hydrogenous origin of stratiform manganese deposits. Mineralogy and Petrology 77, 109–127 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-002-0197-0

73        Okita, P. M. (1987). Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Molango manganese orebody, Hidalgo State, Mexico.

74        Mücke, A., Dzigbodi-Adjimah, K., & Annor, A. (1999). Mineralogy, petrography, geochemistry and genesis of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian manganese-formation of Nsuta/Ghana. Mineralium Deposita, 34, 297–311.

75        Nachev, I. (1995). On the geochemistry of manganese ores in Obrochiste deposit. 48, 48, 55–58.

76        Manikyamba, C., & Naqvi, S. M. (1995). Geochemistry of Fe-Mn formations of the Archaean Sandur schist belt, India-mixing of clastic and chemical processes at a shallow shelf. Precambrian Research, 72, 69–95.

77        Scarpelli, W., 1973, The Serra do Navio manganese deposit (Brazil), in Genesis of Precambrian Iron and Manganese Deposits, Proceedings of the Kiev Symposium 1970: Paris, UNESCO, p. 217-228.

78        Tie-Bing, L., Maynard, J. B., & Alten, J. (2006). Superheavy S isotopes from glacier-associated sediments of the Neoproterozoic of south China: Oceanic anoxia or sulfate limitation? Memoir of the Geological Society of America, 198, 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.1198(12)

79        Okita, P. M., & Shanks III, W. C. (1992). Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China. Chemical Geology, 99, 139–164.

80        Grasselly, G. Y., & Panto, G. Y. (1988). RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN THE MANGANESE DEPOSIT OF 0RKOT (BAKONY MOUNTAINS, HUNGARY). In Ore Geology Reviews (Vol. 4).

81        Kuleshov, V. N., & Bych, A. F. (2002). Isotopic Composition (δ13C, δ18O) and Origin of Manganese Carbonate Ores of the Usa Deposit (Kuznetskii Alatau). Lithology and Mineral Resources 2002 37:4, 37(4), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019995322515

82        Zeng, Y., & Liu, T. (n.d.). Characteristics of the Devonian Xialei manganese deposit, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. In Ore Geology Reviews (Vol. 15).

83        WIENS, R. (2021a). MSL CHEMCAM LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROMETER EDR V1.0 [Data set]. NASA Planetary Data System. https://doi.org/10.17189/1519439

84        WIENS, R. (2021c). MSL MARS CHEMCAM LIBS SPECTRA 4/5 RDR V1.0 [Data set]. NASA Planetary Data System. https://doi.org/10.17189/1519485