DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nh0q
title: Data from: Vertical and temporal specialisation in Amazonian butterflies and evolution of their thermal traits

description: Closely-related species living in sympatry are often partitioned into
 divergent ecological niches. Such specialization can be enabled by the
 evolution of divergent traits enhancing adaptation to different niches. In
 this study, we investigate the partitioning of closely-related butterfly
 species into different forest strata and daily activity time and test the
 effects of such spatio-temporal niches on the evolution of thermal traits.
 First, using experiments in the field in Amazonia, we precisely
 characterized the daily activity patterns of nine species of Morpho
 butterflies, therefore documenting extensive temporal segregation among
 species and observing significant variations in temperature between their
 respective niches. Using controlled experiments in the lab, we then tested
 the thermal tolerance of wild individuals to both hot and cold conditions.
 The vertical distribution of species (understory vs. canopy
 micro-habitats) had a significant effect on several thermal traits, even
 when controlling for the phylogenetic distances between species,
 suggesting that forest stratification may shaped thermal adaptation in
 these tropical butterflies. However, butterfly activity time did not
 correlate with any thermal traits measured. The extensive temporal
 segregation observed between these sympatric species might thus stem from
 ecological interactions observed between species rather than thermal
 factors.
description: # Data from: Vertical and temporal specialisation in Amazonian butterflies
 and evolution of their thermal traits Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nh0q](10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nh0q) ## Description of the
 data and file structure This dataset contains the characterisation of the
 patrolling times of 9 Morpho species in French Guiana, as well as the
 results of an array of thermal tolerance experiments to hot (50°C) and
 cold (-20°C) conditions. Sampling of temperature over 8 consecutive days
 at the sampling spot is also present. Also, this dataset contains the data
 and code required to replicate analyses. ### Files and variables ####
 File: FiguresTablesCode.R **Description:** Code for reproducing data
 analyses and figures of the paper Annotations are provided throughout the
 script through 1) library loading, 2) dataset loading and cleaning, 3)
 analyses, and 4) figure creation. #### File: Tree.tre
 **Description:** Morpho phylogenetic tree, from Chazot et al. 2016. ####
 File: Morpho_data.xlsx **Description:** All empirical data collected in
 French Guiana. It contains five sheets : -Patrolling_observations:
 Patrolling times of all *Morpho* individuals. 1. *Date*: date at which the
 observation was made. 2. *Time*: time at which the observation was made.
 3. *Minutes_after_sunrise*: time (in minutes) at which the observation was
 made, depending on the sunrise time. 4. *Species*: Currently valid
 scientific name for the *Morpho* species observed. 5. *Sex*: Sex of the
 observed individual. 6. *Full_Species*: Full (genus + species) currently
 valid scientific name for the individual observed. 7. *Clade*:
 Micro-habitat clade of the individual, either *Canopy* or *Understory.*
 -Temperature_sampling: Temperature sampling data, taken over 8 days under
 a shaded area at the sampling spot. 1. *Date:* date at which the
 observation was made. 2. *Time*: time at which the observation was made.
 3. *Temperature:* temperature (in Celsius degrees) measured at the
 sampling spot. 4. *datetime:* Date and time put together. 5.
 *Minutes_after_sunrise:* time (in minutes) at which the observation was
 made, depending on the sunrise time. -Thermal_tolerance: Thermal tolerance
 records of all tested individuals 1. *ID*: Number ID of the tested
 individual. 2. *Scale_type:* Scale type of the tested individual,
 according to Giraldo et al. (2016). 3. *Iridescent_type:* Iridescent type
 of the tested individual, either *Full_blue*, *Blue-banded*, or *None*
 depending on the type of iridescent coverage of the wings. 4. *Sex:* Sex
 of the tested individual. 5. *Pass:* Pass number of the individual, from 1
 (first pass) to 3 (third pass). 6. *Spe:* Currently valid scientific name
 for the *Morpho* species tested. 7. *Species:* Full (genus + species)
 currently valid scientific name for the individual tested. 8.
 *Micro_habitat*: Micro-habitat of the individual, either *Canopy* or
 *Understory.* 9. *Hot_KO:* Hot knock-out time, in seconds. 10.
 *Hot_recovery:* Hot knock-out recovery time, in seconds. 11.
 *Cold_recovery:* Cold knock-out recovery time, in seconds. -Captures: All
 the data relating to captured individuals 1. *ID*: Number ID of the
 captured individual. 2. *Date*: date at which the individual was captured.
 3. *Time*: time at which the individual was captured. 4. *Location*:
 location at which the individual was captured. 5. *Species*: Currently
 valid scientific name for the *Morpho* species captured. 6. *Sex:* Sex of
 the captured individual. 7. *Death*: Recorded death date of the
 individual. 8. *Micro_habitat*: Micro-habitat of the individual, either
 *Canopy* or *Understory.* 9. *Sunrise*: Sunrise time at the capture
 location. 10. *Minute_after_sunrise:* time (in minutes) at which the
 capture was made, depending on the sunrise time. -Wing_coloration: Wing
 coloration data, as well as body size and wing area 1. *ID*: Number ID of
 the captured individual. 2. *Spe:* Currently valid scientific name for the
 *Morpho* species captured. 3. *Species:* Full (genus + species) currently
 valid scientific name for the individual tested. 4. *Scale_type:* Scale
 type of the tested individual, according to Giraldo et al. (2016). 5.
 *Iridescent_type:* Iridescent type of the tested individual, either
 *Full_blue*, *Blue-banded*, or *None* depending on the type of iridescent
 coverage of the wings. 6. *Area_cm2:* Measured area of the wing (in cm²),
 with the format Area_cm2_XX_Y. The XX part refers to which of the four
 wing part: *AG, AD, PD*, and *PG* for *anterior left, anterior right,
 posterior right* and *posterior left*, respectively. The Y part refers to
 either the *dorsal* side (*D*), or *ventral* side (*V*). 7. *Black, Blue,
 Brown, White, Orange:* Measured area of each color of each wing, on the
 dorsal side. The nomenclature is the same as above for *Area_cm2*. 8.
 *Red, Brown, White, Light_brown, Dark_brown:* Measured area of each color
 of each wing, on the ventral side. The nomenclature is the same as above
 for *Area_cm2*.** 9. *KO_seconde:* Hot knock-out time, in seconds. 10.
 *Recov_seconde:* Hot knock-out recovery time, in seconds. 11.
 *Body_lenght:* Measured dried body length, in centimeters. 12.
 *Total_wing_area*: Total wing area in cm². 13. *Body_wing_ratio:* Ratio
 between the *Total_wing_area* and the *Body_lenght.* 14. *Micro_habitat:*
 Micro-habitat of the individual, either *Canopy* or *Understory.* 15.
 *Proxi_Black, Proxi_White, Proxi_Blue:* Measured area of each color on the
 proximal area of the dorsal side of the wings. Missing data codes: Blank
 cells and NAs ## Code/software R is required to run *FiguresTablesCode.R*;
 the script was created using version 4.4.0. Used packages: multcomp,
 dplyr, ggplot2, readxl, stats, ggsignif, tidyr, phytools, phylobase, phyr,
 rr2, agricolae, broom, interactions, tidyverse, picante, betapart, FD,
 ggpubr