cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp3f
title: Sorghum wax chemistry data

description: Virtually all land plants are coated in a cuticle, a waxy polyester that
 prevents nonstomatal water loss and is important for heat and drought
 tolerance. Here, we describe a likely genetic basis for a divergence in
 cuticular wax chemistry between Sorghum bicolor, a drought tolerant crop
 widely cultivated in hot climates, and its close relative Zea mays
 (maize). Combining chemical analyses, heterologous expression, and
 comparative genomics, we reveal that: 1) sorghum and maize leaf waxes are
 similar at the juvenile stage but, after the juvenile-to-adult transition,
 sorghum leaf waxes are rich in triterpenoids that are absent from maize;
 2) biosynthesis of the majority of sorghum leaf triterpenoids is mediated
 by a gene that maize and sorghum both inherited from a common ancestor but
 that is only functionally maintained in sorghum; and 3) sorghum leaf
 triterpenoids accumulate in a spatial pattern that was previously shown to
 strengthen the cuticle and decrease water loss at high temperatures. These
 findings uncover the possibility for resurrection of a cuticular
 triterpenoid-synthesizing gene in maize that could create a more
 heat-tolerant water barrier on the plant’s leaf surfaces. They also
 provide a fundamental understanding of sorghum leaf waxes that will inform
 efforts to divert surface carbon to intracellular storage for bioenergy
 and bioproduct innovations.
description: Please see the README file
 "Sorghum_wax_chemistry_data_readme.txt"
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396781
title: LIS faculty dataset in the United States
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396782
title: LIS faculty dataset in the United States
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tqjq2bvz9
title: Evolutionary tradeoffs between male secondary sexual traits revealed by a phylogeny of the hyperdiverse tribe Eumaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

description: Male butterflies in the hyperdiverse tribe Eumaeini possess an unusually
 complex and diverse repertoire of secondary sexual characteristics
 involved in pheromone production and dissemination. Maintaining multiple
 sexually selected traits is likely to be metabolically costly, potentially
 resulting in trade-offs in the evolution of male signals. However, a
 phylogenetic framework to test hypotheses regarding the evolution and
 maintenance of male sexual traits in Eumaeini has been lacking. Here, we
 infer a comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny from 379 loci for 187
 species representing 91% of the 87 described genera. Eumaeini is a
 monophyletic group that originated in the late Oligocene and underwent
 rapid radiation in the Neotropics. We examined specimens of 818 of the
 1096 described species (75%) and found that secondary sexual traits are
 present in males of 91% of the surveyed species. Scent pads and scent
 patches on the wings and brush organs associated with the genitalia were
 probably present in the common ancestor of Eumaeini and are widespread
 throughout the tribe. Brush organs and scent pads are negatively
 correlated across the phylogeny, exhibiting a trade-off in which lineages
 with brush organs are unlikely to regain scent pads and vice versa. In
 contrast, scent patches seem to facilitate the evolution of scent
 pads, although they are readily lost once scent pads have evolved. Our
 results illustrate the complex interplay between natural and sexual
 selection in the origin and maintenance of multiple male secondary sexual
 characteristics and highlight the potential role of sexual selection
 spurring diversification in this lineage.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw6v3
title: Wildfire as a natural stressor and its effect on female phenotype and ornament development

description: Controlled low-intensity fires are commonly used in ecosystem management
 for both habitat restoration and wildfire management. Animals in those
 ecosystems may respond to fire by shifting energy allocation away from
 reproduction and growth, and toward maintenance. Stress-induced shifts in
 energy allocation may affect expression of condition-dependent sexual
 signals, which are sensitive to energetic and physiological trade-offs
 mediated by glucocorticoids. Here, we examine the effect of fire on
 ornament expression, corticosterone, and other phenotypic traits in a
 population of striped plateau lizards, Sceloporus virgatus, affected by
 the Horseshoe 2 Fire in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA. The
 condition-dependent female ornament was significantly smaller the month
 following the fire than two years prior, and was both smaller and less
 orange on the burned site relative to a nearby unburned site. These
 patterns are similar to those found in a previous experimental study
 examining the response of the ornament to corticosterone manipulations.
 Yet, in the current study, corticosterone levels were not different in
 lizards on the burned and unburned sites. Perhaps glucocorticoid levels
 already returned to baseline, or do not adequately track environmental
 change. Females tended to be smaller and lighter on the burned site than
 the unburned site, however the year after the fire, body condition was
 higher for females on the burned site, indicating a rapid recovery and
 potential long-term benefits in response to low-intensity fires in this
 fire-adapted ecosystem. We found that the lizards adjusted energy
 allocation away from sexual signaling and growth in response to
 low-intensity fires. As fires and fire management are likely to increase
 in response to changing fire regimes across the globe, it will be
 important to consider behavioral and physiological responses of impacted
 species, as well as population, community, and ecosystem level responses.
description: FireAndColorStats: csv file with all raw data
 FireAndColorStats1: R Markdown file with all stats comparing
 burned and unburned sites FireAndColorStats2: R
 Markdown file with all stats comparing large females on the long-term
 study site, pre- and post-burn
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r7sqv9sbn
title: Root traits and soil microorganisms as drivers of plant-soil feedbacks within the sub-arctic tundra meadow

description: Plant-soil feedback (PSF) can influence the composition of various soil
 microorganisms (antagonistic and mutualistic), which can have reciprocal
 effects on plants. At the same time, we do not understand the effects of
 fine root traits in moderating microbial-driven PSF. We therefore
 conducted a greenhouse study to aid in understanding the relationship
 between root traits, soil community composition (PLFAs and high-throughput
 sequencing data) and plant-soil feedback (PSF). These data therefore
 include datasets with fine root traits, raw sequence reads from
 high-throughput sequencing for soil fungi, phospholipid fatty acid data
 and biomass data after the plant-soil feedback study.
description: We conducted a plant-soil feedback study within a greenhouse.
 Fine root traits and soil microbial community were used in the feedback
 phase to assess relationship between root traits, soil community
 composition (PLFAs and high-throughput sequencing data) and plant-soil
 feedback (PSF).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pc866t1nj
title: Reanalysis of the apoid wasp phylogeny with additional taxa and sequence data confirms the placement of Ammoplanidae as sister to bees

description: Apoid wasps and bees (Apoidea) are an ecologically and
 morphologically diverse group of aculeate Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and
 wasps). During the last decades, significant progress has been made in
 illuminating the phylogenetic relationships of the major Apoidea lineages.
 However, some uncertainties have remained. In this study, we present
 results from re-investigating the phylogeny of Apoidea by including genome
 skimming data of key taxa that were missing in previous
 investigations: a representative of Entomosericini (tribe of the former
 Pemphredoninae) and a representative of Eremiaspheciinae (subfamily of the
 former "Crabronidae"). We additionally skimmed the genomes of
 two Heterogyna species (Heterogynaidae). Our results from
 applying concatenation and coalescence-based phylogenetic
 approaches confirm the previously suggested sister group
 relationship of Ammoplanidae and bees. They also corroborate most
 taxonomic changes published in
 2018 granting eight lineages of the former family
 “Crabronidae” family status. However, some of our analyses indicate that
 the families Pemphredonidae and Psenidae could be para- or polyphyletic.
 After carefully assessing topological discordance and
 data quality, the exact placements of Heterogyna and of
 the genera Eremiasphecium and Entomosericus in the apoid
 wasp phylogeny remain ambiguous. However, our analyses indicate that
 inclusion of Entomosericus and Eremiasphecium in any of the
 currently accepted apoid wasp families cannot be well justified, and we
 consequently suggest raising Entomosericinae and Eremiaspheciini to family
 rank, respectively, to acknowledge this situation in the apoid
 classification: Entomosericidae Dalla Torre, 1897 (stat.
 n.) and Eremiaspheciidae Menke, 1967 (stat. n.).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz65q
title: Responses of terrestrial polar arthropods to high and increasing temperatures

description: Terrestrial arthropods in the Arctic and Antarctic are exposed to extreme
 and variable temperatures, and climate change is predicted to be
 especially pronounced in these regions. Available studies on insect
 ecophysiology typically focus on the ability of species to tolerate the
 extreme low temperatures that can occur in these regions, whereas studies
 investigating species’ plasticity and the importance of evolutionary
 adaptation to periodically high and increasing temperatures are limited.
 Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on thermal adaptation to
 high temperatures of terrestrial arthropods in Arctic and Antarctic
 regions. Firstly, we summarize the literature on heat tolerance for
 terrestrial arthropods in these regions, and discuss variation in heat
 tolerance across species, habitats and polar regions. Secondly, we discuss
 the potential for species to cope with increasing and more variable
 temperatures through thermal plasticity and evolutionary adaptation.
 Thirdly, we summarize our current knowledge of the underlying
 physiological adjustments to heat stress in arthropods from these regions.
 It is clear that very little data are available on the heat tolerance of
 arthropods in polar regions, but that large variation in arthropod thermal
 tolerance exists across polar regions, habitats and species. Further, the
 species investigated show unique physiological adjustments to heat stress
 in, for example, being able to respond quickly to increasing or extreme
 temperatures. To understand the consequences of climate change on
 terrestrial arthropods in polar regions, we suggest that more studies on
 the ability of species to cope with stressful high and variable
 temperatures are needed.
description: Upper thermal tolerance limits (CT<sub>max</sub>) were measured on nine species collected at two locations in Narsarsuaq, Greenland. The individuals used for thermal assays were collected in the field using species-specific catch methods (Table S1). Adults of unknown age and gender were tested. To measure CT<sub>max</sub>, a dynamic ramping assay was used. Field-caught individuals were placed in 15 ml plastic vials with screw caps with a droplet of 2% agar to prevent desiccation during exposure. The vials were mounted to a rack and lowered into a water bath with a temperature of 25°C. Subsequently, the temperature was increased by 0.2 ± 0.01 °C min<sup>-1</sup> using an immersion circulator (Polyscience MX Immersion Circulator model: MX-CA12E). Individuals in each vial were continuously stimulated with a flashlight and tapping on the screw cap with a rod until reaching a temperature at which movement ceased (heat coma). The temperature of heat coma was recorded for each individual. Individuals were stored in 70% ethanol after the thermal assay for later identification. Species were identified based on morphological features using a species identification key by Böcher et al. (2015).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4mw6m9090
title: Data from: Variable and consistent traffic noise negatively affect the sleep behavior of a free-living songbird

description: Anthropogenic noise is an ubiquitous disturbance factor, which, owing to
 the extensive nature of transportation networks, and ability of sound
 waves to penetrate distances, has wide-reaching impacts on biological
 communities.  Research effort on biological effects of
 anthropogenic noise is extensive, but has focused on waking behavior, and
 to our knowledge, no published experimental study exists on how noise
 affects sleep in free-living animals.  Sleep plays vital
 functions in processes such as cellular repair and memory
 consolidation.  Thus, understanding the potential for
 noise to disrupt sleep is a critical research
 objective.  Whether different noise regimes exert
 distinct effects on behavior also remains poorly understood, as does
 intraspecific variation in noise sensitivity.  To
 address these knowledge gaps, we used a repeated-measures field experiment
 involving broad-casting traffic noise recordings at great tit (Parus
 major) nest boxes over a series of consecutive
 nights.  We evaluated whether increasing the temporal
 variability and amplitude of traffic noise increased deleterious effects
 on sleep behavior in free-living great tits, and whether individuals
 differed in the magnitude of responses.  We found that
 traffic noise reduced sleep duration, proportion, and bout length, and
 induced birds to exit nest boxes earlier in the
 morning.  There was some support for a stronger effect
 of more variable noise, and relative to lower amplitude noise, higher
 amplitude noise resulted in less and more fragmented
 sleep.  Effects of noise on sleep duration were stronger
 in older adults, and substantial, repeatable variation existed in
 individual responses. We demonstrate for the first time that anthropogenic
 noise can have strong effects on sleep in free-living animals, which may
 have cascading effects on waking behavior, physiology and
 fitness.  Results suggest that reducing the amplitude of
 traffic noise may be an effective mitigation strategy, and that
 differences in individual sensitivity are important to consider when
 evaluating effects of noise exposure.  
description: The effect of anthropogenic noise on the sleep behavior of
 free-living great tits (<em>Parus major</em>) was assessed
 using infrared cameras installed inside nest boxes.  A repeated-measures
 experimental design was used in which sleep behavior was first recorded in
 the absence of noise on the first night (baseline).  The following two
 nights sleep behavior was recorded in the presence of either temporally
 consistent or variable traffic noise, with the order of the presentations
 determined in a semi-balanced random fashion.    
description: ES1= exploration score as measured the first time the bird was
 ever tested.  The sleep behaviors assessed were sleep duration
 (SleepDuration), sleep proportion (SleepProp), sleep bout frequency
 (number of sleep bouts/hr; SboutFreq), sleep bout length (hrs).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vdncjsxtn
title: ALAN effects on coastal phytoplankton

description: Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasingly recognised as a
 disruptive form of environmental pollution, impacting many physiological
 and behavioural processes that may scale up to population and
 community-level effects. Mounting evidence from animal studies show that
 the severity and type of the impact depends on the wavelength and
 intensity of ALAN. This knowledge has been instrumental for informing
 policy-making and planning for wildlife-friendly illumination. However,
 most of this evidence comes from terrestrial habitats, while research
 testing alternative wavelength illumination in marine environments is
 lagging behind. In this study we investigated the effect of such
 alternative ALAN colours on marine primary producers. Specifically, we
 tested the effect of green, red, and natural white LED illumination at
 night, compared to a dark control, on the growth of a green microalgae as
 well as the biomass, diversity and composition of a phytoplankton
 assemblage. Our findings show that green ALAN boosted chlorophyll
 production at the exponential growth stage, resulting in higher biomass
 production in the green algae Tetraselmis suesica. All ALAN wavelengths
 affected the biomass and diversity of the assemblage with the red and
 green ALAN having the stronger effects, leading to higher overall
 abundance and selective dominance of specific diatom species compared to
 white ALAN and the dark control. Our work indicates that the wavelength of
 artificial light sources in marine areas should be carefully considered in
 management and conservation plans. In particular, green and red light
 should be used with caution in coastal areas, where there might be a need
 to strike a balance between the strong effects of green and red light on
 marine primary producers with the benefit they bring to other organisms.
description: This was a laboratory research work involving 4 ALAN treatments:
 dark, green, red, natural white. Two experiments were conducted: one with
 a single species Tetraselmis suesica and anothe with a natural coastal
 phytoplankton assemblage. Experiments were carried out concurrently for 14
 days each and data was collected in growth rate, chlrophyl a and species
 diversity and composition.
description: no missing values
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnb4
title: Dataset of factors impacting second language learning from teachers' experience

description: Developing an accurate second language competence different from the
 mother tongue has become an essential skill in today's globalized
 world, and therefore it is a highly valued and demanded learning among the
 main educational institutions and models. However, it is a complex process
 that is influenced by numerous and, in many cases, unknown factors, which
 are not usually taken into consideration when designing second language
 learning processes, which tend to lead to inadequate teaching and may lead
 to school failure that could have been avoided. 216 in-service teachers
 from all non-university educational stages of the Community of Madrid,
 Spain, evaluate the significance of 44 factors traditionally associated
 with second language learning, which are grouped into four general
 categories (factors linked to students; factors linked to teachers;
 learning structure and organisation; and learning environment) through a
 five-point Likert scale. The data were collected using a Google Forms
 questionnaire through the research described in Arigita-García et al.
 (2021). The sample is heterogeneous concerning different attribute
 variables such as age, teaching experience, gender, school ownership, and
 the language in which classes are taught. The sample was obtained through
 social networks and teacher forums. The data collection offers essential
 information to better understand the process of second language learning,
 as it gathers the experience and learning accumulated by the teachers who
 took part in this work, which implies direct information from the
 educational reality that they are intended to improve.
description: Computerized questionnaire through the
 Google Forms private server
description: An individual and anonymous online
 questionnaire to 216 teachers describing the significance of 44 factors
 when learning a second language on a five-point Likert
 scale.
DOI: 10.82294/dvnwo0xri
title: Datos consolidados de COPUS. Territorio: Norte de Santander. Sector: Cultura, Educación, Total. Año: 2025

description: En este apartado se presentan los datos consolidados del territorio de Norte de Santander a partir de las observaciones semiestructuradas realizadas en 2025, esta vez analizadas bajo los criterios del protocolo de observación estructurada COPUS. Este dataset contiene la sumatoria de todas las observaciones COPUS por territorio, por sector, cultura y educación, una sumatoria de estos dos para definir la tendencia en el territorio y una sumatoria de todos los territorios.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfg0
title: Improving assessments of data-limited populations using life-history theory

description: 1. Predicting how populations may respond to climate change and
 anthropogenic pressures requires detailed knowledge of demographic traits,
 such as survival and reproduction. However, the availability of these data
 varies greatly across space and taxa. Therefore, it is common practice to
 conduct population assessments by filling in missing values from surrogate
 species or other populations of the same species. Using these independent
 surrogate values concurrently with observed data neglects the life‐history
 trade‐offs that connect the different aspects of a population's
 demography. Consequently, this approach introduces biases that could
 ultimately lead to erroneous management decisions. 2. We use a Bayesian
 hierarchical framework to combine fragmented multi‐population data with
 established life‐history theory and reconstruct population‐specific
 demographic data across a substantial part of a species breeding range. We
 apply our analysis to a long‐lived colonial species, the black‐legged
 kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, that is classified as globally Vulnerable and
 is highly threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressures, including
 offshore renewable energy development. We then use a projection analysis
 to examine how the reconstructed demographic parameters may improve
 population assessments, compared to models that combine observed data with
 independent surrogate values. 3. Demographic parameters reconstructed
 using a hierarchical framework can be utilised in a range of population
 modelling approaches. They can also be used as reference estimates to
 assess whether independent surrogate values are likely to over or
 underestimate missing demographic parameters. We show that surrogate
 values from independent sources are often used to fill in missing
 parameters that have large potential demographic impact, and that
 resulting biases are driven in unpredictable directions thus precluding
 assessments from being consistently precautionary. 4. Synthesis and
 applications. Our study dramatically increases the spatial coverage of
 population‐specific demographic data for black‐legged kittiwakes. The
 reconstructed demographic parameters presented can also be used
 immediately to reduce uncertainty in the consenting process for offshore
 wind development in the United Kingdom and Ireland. More broadly, we show
 that the reconstruction approach used here provides a new avenue for
 improving evidence‐based management and policy action for animal and plant
 populations with fragmented and error prone demographic data. 22-Mar-2021
description: JAGS code and data for the correlated model. The script was
 written using JAGS (v. 4.3.0) via the “jagsUI” library (v 1.5.1) for
 program R (v. 4.0.2). It runs a Bayesian hierarchical model (“correlated
 model”) to reconstruct mean rates of adult survival and fecundity for 68
 populations of black-legged kittiwake breeding in the UK and Ireland.
 Input data supplied. See Table S1 in the Supplementary Information for
 additional details on data sources.