DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xs0
title: Data from: Characterization data of commercial tracers for magnetic particle imaging

description: This dataset contains characterization data for various commercially
 available tracers for magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Currently this
 includes Synomag-D with plain, NH2, and PEG modified coatings, Perimag,
 Vivotrax, and Vivotrax Plus. The dataset includes data on particle
 physical and magnetic properties, like dynamic light scattering,
 magnetization versus applied field, and zero-field-cooled/field-cooled
 magnetization measurements, as well as direct evaluations of tracer MPI
 performance as measured through RELAX and 2D scans on a Magnetic Insight
 MOMENTUM imager. A table of relevant particle properties is additionally
 provided as a summary of the processed measurement data for researchers to
 evaluate directly. All measurements used to generate these values are also
 provided to allow the evaluation of other analysis methods. Further, this
 dataset allows for the comparison of several commonly used commercial MPI
 tracers using a single instrument and consistent procedures. This is
 useful for researchers aiming to compare performance of newly developed
 tracers or evaluate the relationship between tracer performance across
 imaging instruments.
description: <strong>Dynamic Light Scattering</strong>
 Hydrodynamic diameter measurements of particles diluted in
 deionized water were obtained at room temperature using a Brookhaven
 ZetaPALS as an intensity-weighted lognormal distribution.
 <strong>Iron Concentration Assay</strong>
 Iron concentration of all tracers was determined by a
 colorimetric assay using 1,10-phenanthroline. 10 µL of commercial tracers
 were digested in 1 mL of 70% nitric acid overnight at 101 °C. The
 following day, 10 µL of the digested sample was placed in a quartz 96-well
 plate and dried on a hot plate at 115 °C. The plate was transferred into
 an OT2 liquid handling robot (Opentrons, Long Island City, NY, US) where
 46 µL of DI water followed by 30 µL of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (8.06
 M) was added and allowed to react for 1 hour. 49 µL of sodium acetate
 (1.22 M) and 75 µL of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (13 mM) were then
 added to complex with the Fe<sup>2+</sup>. Absorbance
 measurements at 508 nm were collected in a SpectraMax M5 microplate reader
 (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, US). Concentrations were determined
 using a calibration curve prepared from a TraceCERT iron solution standard
 for ICP. All samples were prepared and measured in triplicate.
 <strong>Magnetometry</strong>
 Magnetization curves for each sample in liquid at 300 K between
 -7 T and 7 T were collected using a MPMS-3 SQUID magnetometer.
 ZFC and FC curves were collected on the same machine with 10 uL
 of samples dried on cotton. The sample was heated to 400 K then cooled to
 4 K before applying a field of 795.8 A/m (10 Oe). The temperature was then
 ramped 2 to 400 K and cooled back to 4 K while continuously measuring the
 magnetization at 2 K intervals. <strong>Magnetic
 Particle Imaging</strong> MPI performance was
 evaluated by collecting RELAX (45 kHz, 16 mT in the x axis) and 2D (45
 kHz, 16/16 mT for x/z axes, 5.7 T/m) scans in standard mode using a
 MOMENTUM scanner. 3 uL of commercial tracer solutions at stock
 concentration were loaded into 0.2 mL microcentrifuge tubes or 0.030” ID
 capillary tubes for RELAX measurements and 2D images,
 respectively.
description: # Dataset title: Characterization data of commercial tracers for magnetic
 particle imaging ### Principal Investigator Contact Information Carlos M.
 Rinaldi-Ramos Institution: University of Florida Email:
 [carlos.rinaldi@ufl.edu](mailto:carlos.rinaldi@ufl.edu) ### Alternate
 Contact Information Name: Eric Daniel Imhoff Institution: University of
 Florida Email: [eimhof@ufl.edu](mailto:eimhof@ufl.edu) ## Dates of Data
 Collection Data was collected throughout 2024. ## Funding This work was
 supported by the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and
 Bioengineering under award number R01EB031224. ## Data Sources All data
 were derived from measurements performed by the authors using the
 instrumentation described in the methods. ## Recommended Citation for the
 Data Set Imhoff, Eric D.; Melnyk, Andrii; Rinaldi-Ramos, Carlos M. (2025).
 Characterization data of commercial tracers for magnetic particle imaging
 [Dataset]. Dryad. doi: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xs0 ## Related Publications
 Imhoff, Eric D.; Melnyk, Andrii; Rinaldi-Ramos, Carlos M. (2025).
 Characterization and evaluation of commercial tracers for x-space magnetic
 particle imaging. *J. Magn. Magn. Mater.*. doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.172889
 ## List of Abbreviations * ZFC - Zero-field-cooled * FC - Field-cooled *
 MPI - Magnetic Particle Imaging * DLS - Dynamic Light Scattering * SQUID -
 Superconducting Quantum Interference Device * FWHM - Full-Width at
 Half-Maximum ## File Descriptions * The file “Commercial Particle
 Properties Summary.csv” contains a table of values determined from the
 data within the repository. This includes hydrodynamic diameter (DH),
 magnetic diameter (Dm), corresponding lognormal geometric deviation values
 (lnSigma), magnetic saturation (Ms), iron concentration ([Fe]), intensity
 in arbitrary units per mass of iron (a.u./mgFe), and full-width at
 half-maximum (FWHM) for RELAX and 2D measurements in the x and z
 directions. * The file “Commercial Particle Volumes and Masses.csv”
 contains a table of values necessary to determine the mass of iron present
 in samples for relevant measurements of magnetization (MvH),
 Zero-field-cooled/field-cooled (ZFCFC), RELAX, and 2D MPI. It includes the
 tracer name, measured iron concentration, and a volume and calculated mass
 of iron used in each type of measurement. * All other files follow a
 naming scheme separating tokens using the `*` character as a delimiter
 which has the form “`TracerName_Measurement_S#*#.csv`” * “TracerName”
 corresponds to the name/ID of the commercial tracer and is consistent with
 the names inside the summary table (e.g. “Vivotrax”). * “Measurement”
 refers to the type of characterization the file corresponds to. These
 measurements include: * MvH – csv containing applied field and magnetic
 moment data. * zfc – csv file containing temperature and magnetic moment
 data without an applied magnetic field. * fc – csv file containing
 temperature and magnetic moment data with an applied magnetic field of 10
 Oe. * DLS – csv file containing hydrodynamic diameters and corresponding
 probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function
 (cdf) values from the intensity-weighted lognormal distribution. * relax –
 csv file containing field amplitude and signal for measured point spread
 function of tracer. * 2DMPI – dicom (dcm) file containing data from a 2D
 MPI image. * The token “S#” refers to a sample number in the case that
 multiple samples of a tracer were prepared and measured. If not present
 then only one sample was measured. * The final suffix “#.csv” or “#.dcm”
 denote the repeated measurement of a given sample. If not present then
 only measurement of the sample was performed.