cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969575.v1
title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi are not common in roots of epiphytic pteridophytes of a transitional forest area in South Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate fungi (DSF) are symbionts that are associated with the roots of plants, including epiphytic lycophytes and ferns. Paris-type mycorrhiza and glomoid structures are the most common forms of colonization in these plants. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of these symbionts in the roots of epiphytic lycophytes and ferns as well as the diversity of AMF spores recovered from substrate associated with the roots of eleven species. Roots of Asplenium gastonis, Campyloneurum aglaolepis, C. nitidum, Niphidium crassifolium, Pecluma pectinatiformis, Phlegmariurus mandiocanus, Pleopeltis hirsutissima, P. pleopeltifolia andSelaginella microphyllahad hyphae and vesicles typical of AMF colonization, but not arbuscules.Campyloneurum nitidum, Pecluma pectinatiformis, Phlegmariurus mandiocanus, Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia and Selaginella microphyllahad melanized hyphae and microsclerotia typical of DSF. All species colonized by DSF were also colonized by AMF. Seventeen spore morphotypes of AMF were identified, of which six were acaulosporoid and eleven glomoid. Glomus aff. formosanum andAcaulospora aff. lacunosa were the most abundant and frequent species. Epiphytic lycophytes and ferns host concurrently AMF and DSF but colonization is scanty in their roots. For the first time, acaulosporoid spores and intraradical vesicles are reported for this group of plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969578
title: Molecular cytogenetics of Dictyoloma vandellianum A. Juss. and the ancestral karyotype of Rutaceae

description: ABSTRACT Determination of the chromosome base number of a taxon is fundamental to understanding karyotypic variation and its implications for the evolution of that group. This usually requires careful evaluation of cytological literature and robust phylogenetic support. The base number for the family Rutaceae (x = 9 or x = 18) has long been the subject of debate. Here, we analyzed the banding pattern, rDNA sites, and genome size of Dictyoloma vandellianum, subfamily Cneoroideae, the sister group of the remaining Rutaceae, and revised critical points about the chromosome base number of the family. We found that this species has n = 9, which differs from the n = 18 possessed by other cytologically known Cneoroideae species. Thus, n = 9 occurs in the main clades of Rutaceae and is the most probable base number of the family. The hypothesis of x = 18 as the base number is no longer sustainable, although n = 18 is very common in Rutaceae. Moreover, the fluorescent banding pattern and the relatively large genome size (1C = 1.3 pg) of D. vandellianum suggest that its chromosomal organization is highly divergent from Aurantieae, the only large Rutaceae clade where species with n = 9 are greatly dominant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969578.v1
title: Molecular cytogenetics of Dictyoloma vandellianum A. Juss. and the ancestral karyotype of Rutaceae

description: ABSTRACT Determination of the chromosome base number of a taxon is fundamental to understanding karyotypic variation and its implications for the evolution of that group. This usually requires careful evaluation of cytological literature and robust phylogenetic support. The base number for the family Rutaceae (x = 9 or x = 18) has long been the subject of debate. Here, we analyzed the banding pattern, rDNA sites, and genome size of Dictyoloma vandellianum, subfamily Cneoroideae, the sister group of the remaining Rutaceae, and revised critical points about the chromosome base number of the family. We found that this species has n = 9, which differs from the n = 18 possessed by other cytologically known Cneoroideae species. Thus, n = 9 occurs in the main clades of Rutaceae and is the most probable base number of the family. The hypothesis of x = 18 as the base number is no longer sustainable, although n = 18 is very common in Rutaceae. Moreover, the fluorescent banding pattern and the relatively large genome size (1C = 1.3 pg) of D. vandellianum suggest that its chromosomal organization is highly divergent from Aurantieae, the only large Rutaceae clade where species with n = 9 are greatly dominant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969580
title: Xyris serrana (Xyridaceae), a new species endemic to the Campos de Cima da Serra, southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT A new species of Xyris endemic to Southern Brazil is described. Xyris serrana is placed in X. sect. Nematopus, which is characterized by having basal, suprabasal, or central placentation. The new species is known from few samples from the summits of Serra Geral, in Santa Catarina State. According IUCN criteria, the conservation status of the species is evaluated as Data Deficient. Xyris serrana is morphologically similar to X. neglecta due to both having narrowly flattened blades and young bracts with villous-ciliate margins, but differs by its yellowish-brown sheaths, blackish-brown bracts with a narrow macula, and lateral sepals with reddish trichomes. A description, illustration, distribution map, and taxonomic comments are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969580.v1
title: Xyris serrana (Xyridaceae), a new species endemic to the Campos de Cima da Serra, southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT A new species of Xyris endemic to Southern Brazil is described. Xyris serrana is placed in X. sect. Nematopus, which is characterized by having basal, suprabasal, or central placentation. The new species is known from few samples from the summits of Serra Geral, in Santa Catarina State. According IUCN criteria, the conservation status of the species is evaluated as Data Deficient. Xyris serrana is morphologically similar to X. neglecta due to both having narrowly flattened blades and young bracts with villous-ciliate margins, but differs by its yellowish-brown sheaths, blackish-brown bracts with a narrow macula, and lateral sepals with reddish trichomes. A description, illustration, distribution map, and taxonomic comments are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969581
title: Pollen morphology of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) with emphasis on Brazilian species from Bahia

description: ABSTRACT We investigated the pollen morphology of eight species of Acalypha occurring in Bahia State, Brazil. Flower buds were collected from specimens deposited in the CEPEC and HUEFS herbaria. Pollen samples were acetolyzed and analyzed using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains examined using optical microscopy were found to be small and brevicolporate, with three to six apertures and elevations and fastigium, and had a psilate to scabrate exine. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of supratectal elements and Ubisch bodies, and evidenced three pollen types based mainly on exine ornamentation: microrugulate-scabrate (slightly rugulate-scabrate), areolate-rugulate, and microechinate. This study provides new data and new interpretations of pollen morphology for the genus Acalypha, with comments on the palynological relationships between Acalypha and its sister group Mareya, and the next most closely related genus (Spathiostemon).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969581.v1
title: Pollen morphology of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) with emphasis on Brazilian species from Bahia

description: ABSTRACT We investigated the pollen morphology of eight species of Acalypha occurring in Bahia State, Brazil. Flower buds were collected from specimens deposited in the CEPEC and HUEFS herbaria. Pollen samples were acetolyzed and analyzed using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains examined using optical microscopy were found to be small and brevicolporate, with three to six apertures and elevations and fastigium, and had a psilate to scabrate exine. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of supratectal elements and Ubisch bodies, and evidenced three pollen types based mainly on exine ornamentation: microrugulate-scabrate (slightly rugulate-scabrate), areolate-rugulate, and microechinate. This study provides new data and new interpretations of pollen morphology for the genus Acalypha, with comments on the palynological relationships between Acalypha and its sister group Mareya, and the next most closely related genus (Spathiostemon).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969583
title: Intraspecific variability of nectar attracts different bats: the case of Pseudalcantarea viridiflora, a bromeliad with crepuscular anthesis

description: ABSTRACT Intraspecific variation in floral traits, such as nectar, could lead to differences in the identity and pollinator effectiveness of visitors between populations of a flowering plant. We studied the bat-pollinated bromeliad species Pseudalcantarea viridiflora to determine whether there are differences in the identity of its pollinators and in its nectar traits between two study sites located at different latitudes in Veracruz, Mexico. We studied phenology and determined the volume, concentration and quantity of dissolved sugars in the nectar at both sites. The northern P. viridiflora population produced nectar that was more sugar-rich, leading to pollination by a larger species, Anoura geoffroyi, whereas the southern populations were visited mainly by Glossophaga mutica, a smaller pollinator. The most abundant nectarivorous bats at each site differ in terms of their efficiency as pollinators, and we suggest that this might affect their contribution to the fitness of the bromeliad.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969583.v1
title: Intraspecific variability of nectar attracts different bats: the case of Pseudalcantarea viridiflora, a bromeliad with crepuscular anthesis

description: ABSTRACT Intraspecific variation in floral traits, such as nectar, could lead to differences in the identity and pollinator effectiveness of visitors between populations of a flowering plant. We studied the bat-pollinated bromeliad species Pseudalcantarea viridiflora to determine whether there are differences in the identity of its pollinators and in its nectar traits between two study sites located at different latitudes in Veracruz, Mexico. We studied phenology and determined the volume, concentration and quantity of dissolved sugars in the nectar at both sites. The northern P. viridiflora population produced nectar that was more sugar-rich, leading to pollination by a larger species, Anoura geoffroyi, whereas the southern populations were visited mainly by Glossophaga mutica, a smaller pollinator. The most abundant nectarivorous bats at each site differ in terms of their efficiency as pollinators, and we suggest that this might affect their contribution to the fitness of the bromeliad.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969586
title: Monocotyledon fossil leaf from the Early Cretaceous of India

description: ABSTRACT Reports of the angiosperm macrofossils from the Early Cretaceous sediments of India are relatively poor, with only one report from the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The present study documents a monocotyledon leaf fossil from the Barremian-Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of Gangapur Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India. The present fossil leaf placed under a new genus Sahniophyllum and it is characterised by the ribbon shaped leaves, with parallel venation, arranged in rosette form suggests its probable affinity with Hydrocharitaceae. The taphocoenosis demonstrates its autochthonous preservation and aquatic habitat.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969586.v1
title: Monocotyledon fossil leaf from the Early Cretaceous of India

description: ABSTRACT Reports of the angiosperm macrofossils from the Early Cretaceous sediments of India are relatively poor, with only one report from the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The present study documents a monocotyledon leaf fossil from the Barremian-Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of Gangapur Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India. The present fossil leaf placed under a new genus Sahniophyllum and it is characterised by the ribbon shaped leaves, with parallel venation, arranged in rosette form suggests its probable affinity with Hydrocharitaceae. The taphocoenosis demonstrates its autochthonous preservation and aquatic habitat.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969587.v1
title: Phytoplankton dynamics in a drinking water catchment zone at the Amazon River mouth

description: ABSTRACT Phytoplankton is formed by photosynthesizing microorganisms that act as primary producers in distinct water bodies. These include microalgae and cyanobacteria. It is essential to know the phytoplankton in water catchment areas intended for drinking water treatment once their excessive density may result in problems, such as taste and odor in the water, toxin production, filter clogging, and other damages. This study investigated the phytoplankton dynamics and the environmental factors that may influence phytoplankton density in the drinking water catchment zone of Macapá, a city located on the Amazon River mouth. The sampling was carried out monthly from April/2015 to March/2016. The study reports the first detailed information on the phytoplankton in the study area since previously published studies regarded only cyanobacteria. The species Limnothrix planctonica and Aulacoseira granulata may substantially influence the water treatment due to their great abundance in the study area, especially in July and November, when their density peaks occur, respectively. Nevertheless, Aulacoseira granulata is the primary constituent of the phytoplankton biovolume. This study provides biological and sanitary information to guide public administration towards improving the quality and safety of water supply services, and also to increase the biodiversity knowledge of Amazonian phytoplankton.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969587
title: Phytoplankton dynamics in a drinking water catchment zone at the Amazon River mouth

description: ABSTRACT Phytoplankton is formed by photosynthesizing microorganisms that act as primary producers in distinct water bodies. These include microalgae and cyanobacteria. It is essential to know the phytoplankton in water catchment areas intended for drinking water treatment once their excessive density may result in problems, such as taste and odor in the water, toxin production, filter clogging, and other damages. This study investigated the phytoplankton dynamics and the environmental factors that may influence phytoplankton density in the drinking water catchment zone of Macapá, a city located on the Amazon River mouth. The sampling was carried out monthly from April/2015 to March/2016. The study reports the first detailed information on the phytoplankton in the study area since previously published studies regarded only cyanobacteria. The species Limnothrix planctonica and Aulacoseira granulata may substantially influence the water treatment due to their great abundance in the study area, especially in July and November, when their density peaks occur, respectively. Nevertheless, Aulacoseira granulata is the primary constituent of the phytoplankton biovolume. This study provides biological and sanitary information to guide public administration towards improving the quality and safety of water supply services, and also to increase the biodiversity knowledge of Amazonian phytoplankton.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969590
title: Canopy openness and soil conditions explain community structure and diversity in a tropical seasonal forest in south-eastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT In tropical semi-deciduous forests, where 20-50 % of canopy trees shed their leaves in the dry season, species with varying degrees of leaf deciduousness share the same space and resources. Here, we describe the tree community in a 10.24-ha plot to assess whether small-scale variation in canopy structure and soil conditions are associated with changes in tree community structure, diversity, and composition. We sampled 11,585 individuals with diameter at breast height ≥ 4.8 cm belonging to 146 species. Plot density (1,129 trees ha-1) and basal area (24.81 m2 ha-1) were smaller than other similar forests, which may be due to an old wind disturbance. For 8.96 ha, we evaluated the relationship between abiotic factors and community descriptors using regression models. Results varied within size classes, but canopy openness was associated with changes in the community structure and diversity, and soil fertility did not affect species diversity. Tree density, basal area, and diversity were smaller in areas with more canopy gaps. Tree density and basal area increase with phosphorus availability, while the density of deciduous trees increased with canopy openness and base saturation. Thus, we found evidence that canopy openness and soil can explain small-scale variations of forest structure and diversity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969590.v1
title: Canopy openness and soil conditions explain community structure and diversity in a tropical seasonal forest in south-eastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT In tropical semi-deciduous forests, where 20-50 % of canopy trees shed their leaves in the dry season, species with varying degrees of leaf deciduousness share the same space and resources. Here, we describe the tree community in a 10.24-ha plot to assess whether small-scale variation in canopy structure and soil conditions are associated with changes in tree community structure, diversity, and composition. We sampled 11,585 individuals with diameter at breast height ≥ 4.8 cm belonging to 146 species. Plot density (1,129 trees ha-1) and basal area (24.81 m2 ha-1) were smaller than other similar forests, which may be due to an old wind disturbance. For 8.96 ha, we evaluated the relationship between abiotic factors and community descriptors using regression models. Results varied within size classes, but canopy openness was associated with changes in the community structure and diversity, and soil fertility did not affect species diversity. Tree density, basal area, and diversity were smaller in areas with more canopy gaps. Tree density and basal area increase with phosphorus availability, while the density of deciduous trees increased with canopy openness and base saturation. Thus, we found evidence that canopy openness and soil can explain small-scale variations of forest structure and diversity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969592
title: Is distyly in subtropical Psychotria brachyceras (Rubiaceae) similar to the general trends observed for the genus?

description: ABSTRACT Distyly is a floral polymorphism that promotes cross-pollination through precise pollination. Psychotria is a mostly tropical genus of distylous Rubiaceae. Although widely studied in Brazil, some regions/species are still poorly explored, which hinders the understanding of distyly system along a greater geographical range. Here, we studied a subtropical population of Psychotria brachyceras in southern Brazil. For this, we characterized morphs occurrence, reciprocity of sexual structures, mating and incompatibility systems. In addition, we compared the reciprocity values from other species of the genus based on values gathered from literature to understand how the population behaves. The population showed equal proportions of thrum (short stigma/high anthers) and pin (high stigma/short anthers) morphs. Reciprocity was higher than the average for the genus and inaccuracy values between sexual organs were evenly distributed between the organ types, indicating a trend to typical distyly. Higher fruit set rates in intermorph and open pollination treatments and pollen tube growth observations confirmed that the population has a functional heteromorphic incompatibility system. Psychotria brachyceras showed no signs of distinct traits to typical distylous populations, which seems to ensure reproductive success and distyly maintenance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969592.v1
title: Is distyly in subtropical Psychotria brachyceras (Rubiaceae) similar to the general trends observed for the genus?

description: ABSTRACT Distyly is a floral polymorphism that promotes cross-pollination through precise pollination. Psychotria is a mostly tropical genus of distylous Rubiaceae. Although widely studied in Brazil, some regions/species are still poorly explored, which hinders the understanding of distyly system along a greater geographical range. Here, we studied a subtropical population of Psychotria brachyceras in southern Brazil. For this, we characterized morphs occurrence, reciprocity of sexual structures, mating and incompatibility systems. In addition, we compared the reciprocity values from other species of the genus based on values gathered from literature to understand how the population behaves. The population showed equal proportions of thrum (short stigma/high anthers) and pin (high stigma/short anthers) morphs. Reciprocity was higher than the average for the genus and inaccuracy values between sexual organs were evenly distributed between the organ types, indicating a trend to typical distyly. Higher fruit set rates in intermorph and open pollination treatments and pollen tube growth observations confirmed that the population has a functional heteromorphic incompatibility system. Psychotria brachyceras showed no signs of distinct traits to typical distylous populations, which seems to ensure reproductive success and distyly maintenance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19969595
title: Could the reproductive system explain the stability and long-term persistence in a natural hybrid zone of Petunia (Solanaceae)?

description: ABSTRACT The long-term success of populations is dependent on individual reproductive success, and in general, increased population size and genetic diversity contribute to population maintenance, reducing the risk of local extinction. Interspecific hybridization has consequences that can vary according to the hybrids' fate, which can be strongly influenced by the reproductive capacity of hybrids and canonical individuals from the contact zone. We examined the reproductive biology and morphology of two closely related Petunia (Solanaceae) species and their interspecific hybrids from Serra do Sudeste, Southern Brazil, and we measured their reproductive success under controlled conditions based on seed production and germination from five pollination treatments. We found differences in self-compatibility degree among individuals, lineages, and pollination treatments based on high total seed production (&gt; 204,000 seeds) and germination (630 seedlings evaluated). No correlation was observed between corolla colour and reproductive success or between floral morphological traits and compatibility. High self-compatibility and inter-lineage compatibility can explain the hybrid populations' maintenance and origin, favouring the two analysed species' introgression.