cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6sv46
title: Data from: Pollinator-mediated selection on floral size and tube color in Linum pubescens: can differential behavior and preference in different times of the day maintain dimorphism?

description: Diversity of flower traits is often proposed as the outcome of selection
 exerted by pollinators. Positive directional pollinator-mediated selection
 on floral size has been widely shown to reduce phenotypic variance.
 However, the underlying mechanism of maintaining within-population floral
 color polymorphism is poorly understood. Divergent selection, mediated by
 different pollinators or by both mutualists and antagonists, may create
 and maintain such polymorphism, but it has rarely been shown to result
 from differential behavior of one pollinator. We tested whether different
 behaviors of the same pollinators in morning and evening are associated
 with dimorphic floral trait in Linum pubescens, a Mediterranean annual
 plant that exhibits variable within-population frequencies of dark and
 light-colored flower tube. Usia bicolor bee-flies, the major pollinators
 of L. pubescens, are mostly feeding in the flower in the morning, while in
 the evening they are mostly visiting the flowers for mating. In two years
 of studying L. pubescens in a single large population in the Carmel,
 Israel, we found in one year that dark-centered flowers received
 significantly higher fraction of visits in the morning. Fitness was
 positively affected by number of visits, but no fitness differences were
 found between tube-color morphs, suggesting that both morphs have similar
 pollination success. Using mediation analysis, we found that flower size
 was under positive directional pollinator-mediated selection in both
 years, but pollinator behavior did not explain entirely this selection,
 which was possibly mediated also by other agents, such as florivores or
 a-biotic stresses. While most pollinator-mediated selection studies show
 that flower size signals food reward, in L. pubescens it may also signals
 for mating place, which may drive positive selection. While flower size
 found to be under pollinator-mediated selection in L. pubescens, but
 differential behavior of the pollinators in morning and evening did not
 seem to explain flower color polymorphism.
description: dataFlower phenotype,
 pollinators' visitation data, and plant's fitness of Linum
 pubescens in two years (2010 - 2011) in Ramat Hanadiv (Carmel mountain,
 Israel).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76bf0
title: Data from: Behaviorally-induced camouflage: a new mechanism of avian egg protection

description: When animals potentially occupy diverse microhabitats, how can camouflage
 be achieved? Here we combine descriptive and experimental methods to
 uncover a novel form of phenotypic plasticity in the camouflage of bird
 eggs that may be present in other avian taxa. Soil from the bare substrate
 adheres to the blue-footed booby´s (Sula nebouxii) pale eggs, which
 parents manipulate both under and on top of their webs. Analysis of
 digital images confirmed that dirtiness increases progressively during the
 first 16 days of the incubation period, making eggs more similar to the
 nest substrate. Observations of 3,668 single-egg clutches showed that
 probability of egg loss declines progressively over the same timeframe and
 then remains low for the rest of the 41-day incubation period. An
 experiment showed that when chicken eggs are soiled and exposed in
 artificial booby nests, they are less likely to be taken by Heermann´s
 gulls (Larus heermanni) than clean eggs.
description: MayaniFernando
 eggs1. Soiling. Descriptive
 data on characteristics, including degree of soiling, of 110 eggs of
 varying age (time since laying). 2. Depredation. Results of an experiment
 comparing predation by gulls on 184 soiled versus clean eggs. 3. Latency
 predation by gulls. For the 57 eggs that were predated in the experiment,
 these are the data, including latency to be depredated, on their
 characteristics. 4. Results of the same experiment comparing conspecific
 destruction of 145 soiled versus clean eggs. 5. Descriptive data on
 proportions of eggs that disappeared from the nest at each of 8 egg age
 intervals (time since laying).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b2852
title: Data from: Grazed wet meadows are sink habitats for the southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) due to nest trampling by cattle

description: The effect of habitat management is commonly evaluated by measuring
 population growth, which does not distinguish changes in reproductive
 success from changes in survival or the effects of immigration or
 emigration. Management has rarely been evaluated considering complete life
 cycle of the target organisms, including also possible negative impacts
 from management. We evaluated the effectiveness of cattle grazing in the
 restoration of coastal meadows as a breeding habitat for small and
 medium-sized ground-nesting birds by examining the size and demography of
 a southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) breeding population. Using a
 stochastic renesting model that includes within-season variation in
 breeding parameters, we evaluated the effect of grazing time and stocking
 rates on reproduction. The census data indicated that the population was
 stable when nest trampling was prevented, but detailed demographic models
 showed that the population on managed meadows was a sink that persisted by
 attracting immigrants. Even small reductions in reproductive success
 caused by trampling were detrimental to long-term viability. We suggest
 that the best management strategy is to postpone grazing to after the 19th
 of June, which is about three weeks later than what is optimal from the
 farmer's point of view. The differing results from the two evaluation
 approaches warn against planning and evaluating management only based on
 census population size and highlight the need to consider target-specific
 life history characteristics and demography. Even though grazing
 management is crucial for creating and maintaining suitable habitats, we
 found that it was insufficient in maintaining a viable population without
 additional measures that increase nest success. In the presently studied
 case and in populations with similar breeding cycles, impacts from nest
 trampling can be avoided by starting grazing when about 70% of the
 breeding season has past.
description: All data included in a
 zip fileThe Zip file includes
 several different files that contain information on pair numbers, nest
 parameters, nest survival data and capture-recapture data for analysing
 juvenile and adult survival.ECE3
 2369.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jg00
title: Data from: Eye region surface temperature reflects both energy reserves and circulating glucocorticoids in a wild bird

description: Body temperature of endotherms shows substantial within- and
 between-individual variation, but the sources of this variation are not
 fully understood in wild animals. Variation in body temperature can
 indicate how individuals cope with their environment via metabolic or
 stress-induced effects, both of which may relate to depletion of energy
 reserves. Body condition can reflect heat production through changes to
 metabolic rate made to protect energy reserves. Additionally, changes in
 metabolic processes may be mediated by stress-related glucocorticoid
 secretion, which is associated with altered blood-flow patterns that
 affect regional body temperatures. Accordingly, both body condition and
 glucocorticoid secretion should relate to body temperature. We used
 thermal imaging, a novel non-invasive method of temperature measurement,
 to investigate relationships between body condition, glucocorticoid
 secretion and body surface temperature in wild blue tits (Cyanistes
 caeruleus). Individuals with lower body condition had lower eye-region
 surface temperature in both non-breeding and breeding seasons. Eye-region
 surface temperature was also negatively correlated with baseline
 circulating glucocorticoid levels in non-breeding birds. Our results
 demonstrate that body surface temperature can integrate multiple aspects
 of physiological state. Consequently, remotely-measured body surface
 temperature could be used to assess such aspects of physiological state
 non-invasively in free-living animals at multiple life history stages.
description: Blue tit
 physiological/biometric data, plus environmental parameters at time of
 collectionCollected in the field.
 Microsoft Excel OpenXML file.Scientific Reports
 Dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.anxjf8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9498 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Oenothera curtiflora"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9498 records from 243 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001119-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ceqaen
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 160 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Colebrookea oppositifolia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 160 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001120-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v9p0b
title: Data from: Retinal capillary rarefaction in patients with untreated mild-moderate hypertension

description: Background: Microvascular rarefaction influences peripheral vascular
 resistance, perfusion and metabolism by affecting blood pressure and flow
 pattern. In hypertension microvascular rarefaction has been described in
 experimental animal studies as well as in capillaroscopy of skin and
 biopsies of muscle tissue in patients. Retinal circulation mirrors
 cerebral microcirculation and allows non-invasive investigations. We
 compared capillary rarefaction of retinal vessels in hypertensive versus
 normotensive subjects. Methods: In this study retinal capillary
 rarefaction in 70 patients with long time (more than 67 month of disease
 duration) and 64 patients with short time hypertension stage 1 or 2 has
 been compared to 55 healthy control subjects, who participated in clinical
 trials in our Clinical Research Center (www.clinicaltrials.gov:
 NCT01318395, NCT00627952, NCT00152698, NCT01319344). Retinal vascular
 parameters have been measured non-invasively and in vivo in perfusion
 image by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (Heidelberg Engineering,
 Germany). Capillary rarefaction was assessed by capillary area (CapA) (in
 pixel-number) and intercapillary distance (ICD) (in μm). Additionally
 retinal capillary flow (RCF) was measured. Results: ICD was greater in the
 long time hypertensive group compared to healthy individuals (24.2 ± 6.3
 μm vs 20.1 ± 4.2 μm, p = 0.001) and compared to short time hypertensive
 patients (22.2 ± 5.2 μm, p = 0.020). Long time hypertensive patients
 showed less CapA compared to healthy people (1462 ± 690 vs 1821 ± 652,
 p = 0.005). Accordingly, RCF was significantly lower in the long time
 hypertensive group compared to the healthy control group (282 ± 70 AU vs
 314 ± 60 AU, p = 0.032). Our data indicate a lower level of retinal
 capillary density in hypertensive patients, especially in those with long
 time hypertension. Conclusion: Patients with hypertension stage 1 or 2
 showed retinal capillary rarefaction in comparison to healthy normotensive
 subjects. Retinal capillary rarefaction was intensified with duration of
 disease.
description: CapillaryRarefactionFinaloriginal source of the information: collected in the field software used to create the data file: spss statistics 21 description of any abbreviations: see labeling of variables, HDL - high density lipids, LDL - low density lipids
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3639h
title: Data from: Testing the consistency of connectivity patterns for a widely dispersing marine species

description: Connectivity is widely recognised as an important component in developing
 effective management and conservation strategies. While managers are
 generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic
 connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of
 both demographic and genetic connectivity measures from genetic data.
 Combining such genetic data with mathematical models represents a powerful
 approach for accurately determining patterns of population connectivity.
 Here, we use microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic population
 structure of the New Zealand Rock Lobster, Jasus edwardsii, which has one
 of the longest known larval durations of all marine species (&gt; 2
 years), a very large geographic range (&gt; 5500 km), and has been the
 subject of extensive dispersal modelling. Despite earlier mitochondrial
 DNA studies finding homogeneous genetic structure, the mathematical model
 suggests that there are source-sink dynamics for this species. We found
 evidence of genetic structure in J. edwardsii populations with three
 distinct genetic groups across New Zealand and a further Australian group;
 these groups and patterns of gene flow were generally congruent with the
 earlier mathematical model. Of particular interest was the consistent
 identification of a self-recruiting population/region from both modelling
 and genetic approaches. While there is the potential for selection and
 harvesting to influence the patterns we observed, we believe oceanographic
 processes are most likely responsible for the genetic structure observed
 in J. edwardsii. Our results, using a species at the extreme end of the
 dispersal spectrum demonstrate that source-sink population dynamics may
 still exist for such species.
description: Jasus edwardsii
 microsatellite analysisThomas and Bell RL
 dataset.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7v37m
title: Data from: Leukocyte profiles are associated with longevity and survival, but not migratory effort: a comparative analysis of shorebirds

description: 1. Assessment of leukocyte profiles has become an increasingly popular
 tool in the fields of ecology and ecophysiology. The ratio of heterophils
 to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) is of special utility, as it reflects
 physiological adaptation of an organism to cope either with an infection
 through injury (via heterophils) or a communicable disease (via
 lymphocytes). Thus, elevated H/L ratios may constitute an adaptation to
 risky environments (i.e. associated with high risk of injury). While
 intra-population variation in avian H/L ratio has been extensively
 studied, we are aware of no studies that linked this trait to life-history
 components at the inter-specific level. 2. We measured H/L ratio in over
 400 shorebirds from 19 species during their autumn migration through
 Central Europe. Phylogenetically informed comparative methods were used to
 test whether H/L ratio was related to: i) annual survival and lifespan;
 ii) migratory effort, as measured with total migration distance and
 migratory energy reserves; and iii) confounding variables such as body
 size or breeding latitude. 3. A relatively strong phylogenetic signal and
 spatial phylogenetic autocorrelation indicated that most diversification
 in shorebird H/L ratios occurred relatively early in radiation of this
 group. 4. Comparative analysis gave strong support for the negative
 associations of H/L ratio with residual lifespan and annual survival. In
 contrast, we found no support for the effect of migratory behaviour on H/L
 ratios, suggesting that leukocyte profiles in shorebirds may not
 constitute an important physiological adaptation for long-distance
 migration. 5. Our study provided the first comparative evidence for a link
 between H/L ratios and important life-history traits in birds. Strong
 negative associations with annual survival and residual lifespan indicate
 that leukocyte profiles may form an adaptive basis for life-history
 strategies in birds.
description: Minias et al. RAW
 DATAIndividual leukocyte
 profiles, body mass, and fat scores of 415 shorebirds from 19 species
 captured during autumn migration through Central
 Europe.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0js540s
title: Data from: Wildflower strips enhance pollination in adjacent strawberry crops at the small scale

description: Wildflower strips (WFS) are increasingly used to counteract the negative
 consequences of agricultural intensification. To date, it is poorly
 understood how WFS promote flower visitation and pollination services in
 nearby insect-pollinated crops. We therefore ask whether WFS enhance
 pollination service in adjacent strawberry crops, and how such an effect
 depends on the distance from WFS. Over two years we examined the effects
 of experimentally sown WFS compared to grassy strips on pollination
 services in adjacent strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) crops across a total
 of 19 study sites. Moreover, we examined flower visitation, species
 richness and community composition of the most important insect pollinator
 taxa at different within-field locations varying in distance to WFS. We
 found increased pollination services at the edge of WFS compared to
 locally reduced pollination services at the centre, which resulted in no
 significant difference in seed set between WFS and control fields. Total
 flower visits and species richness of pollinators were higher in WFS than
 in adjacent strawberry fields. Moreover, wild bee visitation was enhanced
 in adjacent strawberry crops near WFS compared to field centres, and
 intermediate at field edges near grassy strips. Our study demonstrates
 that diverse WFS can increase wild bee visitation and pollination services
 in the field edges of adjacent strawberry crops, but that overall
 visitation and pollination services do not increase. Moreover, our
 findings show that major pollinator taxa exhibit distinct responses,
 resulting in a shift of pollinator community composition as a function of
 distance to WFS with direct effects on crop pollination. Our results that
 WFS enhance rather than reduce crop pollination services near WFS should
 distract possible concerns by farmers that WFS may locally absorb rather
 than export crop pollinators. Considering the spatial restricted
 enhancement of wild bees and associated pollination services we suggest to
 establish WFS in the centre of crop fields.
description: Seed set of strawberry
 fruitsSeed set of strawberry
 fruits adjacent to wildflower strips and control
 strips.20171129
 strawberry_fruits.txtPollinator abundance in
 wildflower strips and at adjacent strawberry fieldsAbundance data of the
 most important pollinator groups in Wildflower strips and at adjacent
 strawberry crop fields20171129
 strawberry_abundance.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v1kq6
title: Data from: Using expert knowledge to incorporate uncertainty in cause-of-death assignments for modeling of cause-specific mortality

description: Implicit and explicit use of expert knowledge to inform ecological
 analyses is becoming increasingly common because it often represents the
 sole source of information in many circumstances. Thus, there is a need to
 develop statistical methods that explicitly incorporate expert knowledge,
 and can successfully leverage this information while properly accounting
 for associated uncertainty during analysis. Studies of cause-specific
 mortality provide an example of implicit use of expert knowledge when
 causes-of-death are uncertain and assigned based on the observer's
 knowledge of the most likely cause. To explicitly incorporate this use of
 expert knowledge and the associated uncertainty, we developed a
 statistical model for estimating cause-specific mortality using a data
 augmentation approach within a Bayesian hierarchical framework.
 Specifically, for each mortality event, we elicited the observer's
 belief of cause-of-death by having them specify the probability that the
 death was due to each potential cause. These probabilities were then used
 as prior predictive values within our framework. This hierarchical
 framework permitted a simple and rigorous estimation method that was
 easily modified to include covariate effects and regularizing terms.
 Although applied to survival analysis, this method can be extended to any
 event-time analysis with multiple event types, for which there is
 uncertainty regarding the true outcome. We conducted simulations to
 determine how our framework compared to traditional approaches that use
 expert knowledge implicitly and assume that cause-of-death is specified
 accurately. Simulation results supported the inclusion of observer
 uncertainty in cause-of-death assignment in modeling of cause-specific
 mortality to improve model performance and inference. Finally, we applied
 the statistical model we developed and a traditional method to
 cause-specific survival data for white-tailed deer, and compared results.
 We demonstrate that model selection results changed between the two
 approaches, and incorporating observer knowledge in cause-of-death
 increased the variability associated with parameter estimates when
 compared to the traditional approach. These differences between the two
 approaches can impact reported results, and therefore, it is critical to
 explicitly incorporate expert knowledge in statistical methods to ensure
 rigorous inference.
description: hazdatPart 1 - Overall event
 hazard data, delimited with pipesendptdatPart 2 - data for multinomial partitioning when an end point occurs with prior prediction probabilities to account for uncertainty, data are pipe delimited.