cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-ed3t-b759
title: Flash Flood Information Retrieval System: Pseudocodes

description: These pseudocodes are a source for researchers and practitioners to understand and generate the relevance numerical features in the FF IR ML Dataset available a  Linked Dataset published in (https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-rwg3-v337). The Flash Flood Information Retrieval (FF-IR) system is a domain-specific search engine that accepts a past flash flood as an event of interest, fetches candidate webpages from the web, converts the webpages into numerical features, and uses the numerical features to make a prediction as to whether a candidate webpage contains relevant information about the event of interest or not. The system then returns a list of webpages that contain relevant information. The FF-IR outperforms direct Google searches by over 100%, measured by the F2-score. Natural hazard researchers and practitioners can use FF-IR to facilitate Flash Flood risk assessments and mitigation planning. The details of the system have been published and are added as Related Work (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105734). These pseudocodes are used to generate the numerical features to represent a candidate webpage in the FF-IR system. Each of these features represent a similarity/relevance measure between the webpage and the FF event of interest. Further details regarding the pseudocodes are available in the readme file. The public access web software for the FF-IR system  called Flood Finder 360 is currently under development and being continuosly updated ( https://www.floodfinder360.com/).
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-fwxr-4373
title: Microanalysis
title: in Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Homogeneity and Isotropy of Prototype Earth Block Material

description: The objective was to visually examine the structural and chemical composition of the soil-cement matrix of a prototype compressed and stabilized earth block (CSEB) material. To this end, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used.

The secondary electron detector of the system (model VEGA3, TESCAN) was used to analyze plate-type samples (i.e., models) with an approximate surface of 10 mm x 10 mm. The samples were mounted on aluminum stubs using sticky carbon tabs and then coated twice using a gold target (Desk II Sputter Coater, Denton Vacuum). Each sample's surface was analyzed throughout at least four different areas. The analysis process yielded 120 micrographs (magnification ranging from 50X to 25,000X) and 42 EDS analyses.

The microanalysis results indicated that the CSEB material has a consistent chemical composition through the matrix, and the Ca mapping provided visual evidence of the relatively uniform distribution of cement hydrates due to the stabilization.
description: Compressed and stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) are typically manufactured through one-side compaction. The resulting soil matrix-hydrated cement microstructure is heterogeneous, posing the question of whether CSEB materials can be considered homogeneous and isotropic for the purpose of analysis of CSEB structures, similar to rammed earth. As earth masonry emerges as a sustainable material for affordable and high-quality dwellings, addressing this question becomes relevant to define constitutive models for analysis and design, and interpret material test data for quality assurance and control.
This paper reports on a study of a representative CSEB material made of a lean clay and 6% of ordinary Portland cement by weight of soil. Cube specimens were saw-cut from different locations of CSEBs (i.e., corners, middle third), which were manufactured using a hydraulic press. Scanning electron microscopy images were used to gain visual evidence of the microscale and mesoscale heterogeneity. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data were used to gain quantitative information on the chemical composition and its spatial distribution. Eighty-four cube specimens were tested under uniaxial compressive loads, either parallel or perpendicular to the compaction direction. One-way analysis of variance was enlisted to characterize the statistical significance of the difference between the mean compressive strength for different specimen groups. These groups were intended to assess the influence of location of the saw-cut cube in the source block to investigate homogeneity, and load direction to investigate isotropy. It is concluded that the representative CSEB material can be regarded as homogeneous and isotropic in terms of mechanical properties.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-hsrg-1880
title: Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure, Five-Year Science Plan, Multi-Hazard Research to Make a More Resilient World, First Edition

description: The NHERI Five-Year Science Plan is posed as a set of three Grand Challenges with five Key Research Questions to guide NHERI research. The research will deliver technical breakthroughs to improve the resilience and sustainability of existing and future civil infrastructure, also known as the built environment. High priority research subject areas are also provided for each of the key research questions to assist future researchers in achieving Grand Challenges.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-rgbs-xd77
title: 2020 Hurricanes Laura and Marco Data
title: in Public longitudinal panel surveys collected during and after hazardous weather threats: Hurricanes

description: This mission focused on understanding how people’s information seeking behaviors, risk perceptions, and protective actions evolved in the days before, during, and after Hurricanes Laura and Marco (2020) impacted the U.S. mainland.  Longitudinal panel survey data  (i.e., repeated surveys of the same people) were collected from residents of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and the western half of Florida who resided within 50 miles of the coast.  This mission includes three social science collections; 1) the area sampling frame, 2) the wide format survey data collected from our four fielding waves that has been cleaned, relabelled, and recoded for analysis, and 3) the cleaned, relabelled, and recoded survey data transformed to long (person-period) format that has been integrated with official weather-related risk products data. 
description: These are novel datasets of longitudinal panel survey data (i.e., repeated surveys of the same people) when a hurricane is threatening and approaching landfall in the mainland U.S. and after the hurricane has dissipated. Three survey waves were collected pre-landfall when the hurricane was threatening (the threat / predictive phase), and one survey wave was collected post-storm (post landfall or dissipation). The three waves of data collected during the predictive phase measured what forecast and other risk information respondents were getting, respondents' risk perceptions, and respondents' protective behavioral responses, all pertaining to the hurricane risks at that time. The data collected during the post-storm wave correspondingly measured what forecast and other risk information was most useful and what people's actual experiences were with the hurricane. Such rapidly deployed, event-based, repeated-measure data for hurricanes are novel. This project includes datasets for the following hurricane events: Hurricanes Laura and Marco in 2020, Hurricane Henri in 2021, and Hurricane Ian in 2022.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-wjad-r340
title: Detailed Database of Tall Pre-Northridge Steel Moment Frames for Earthquake Performance Evaluations

description: This projects presents a detailed database of 89 tall steel moment frame buildings representative of the construction practices in the western U.S. before the 1994 Northridge earthquake. This database contains all details that affect the structural performance of steel moment frames, including frame geometry in both directions, member cross-section sizes, and gravity system characteristics. This database also captures irregularities that might impact seismic response, such as podiums, setbacks, mass concentrations (MEP floors), interrupted column lines, and atriums. Fourteen buildings were built before 1960 and have moment frames with riveted connections, while the remaining 75 have welded flange connections like those that suffered brittle fracture during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The database includes 48 space frame, 27 perimeter frame, and 14 intermediate frame buildings. We created an automatic workflow to diagnose structural behavior and generate realistic linear and nonlinear models in OpenSees for 41 buildings that had enough information out of the 89 in the database. The design diagnostics show that most of these buildings fulfill modern-code strength requirements, but many lack lateral stiffness to satisfy current drift limits. In addition, some buildings have weak column designs or weak panel zones, which could lead to non-ductile collapse mechanisms. These vulnerabilities are loosely correlated to the design era of the frames, indicating that generic analyses based on the completion year have limited applicability. This database, associated structural models, and processing scripts are shared within a workflow that encourages collaboration and extension from the engineering community with the ultimate goal of creating solid data for simulations that could reliably inform risk mitigation strategies on a regional scale.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2rt2c
title: Wall Boundary Element Test #5
title: in NEESR: Seismic Performance of Conventional and Innovative Special Structural Walls

description: Uniaxial test of a reinforced concrete wall boundary element #5
description: The project explored design and performance limits for structural walls, considering both conventional wall construction practices and innovative construction practices. A principal finding of recent earthquakes (in 2010 and 2011) and laboratory tests from 200 to 2010 is that wall performance is limited by stability and ductility capacity of the flexural compression zone. Given this critical issue, a series of studies on conventional walls and boundary elements constructed with innovative materials (HPFRCC) to establish performance limits for flexural compression failures in reinforced concrete structural walls. Tests were designed to acquire knowledge, improve construction practices, and advance simulation tools. The primary research outcomes include: 

(1)	Completing  tests of eight ordinary boundary element (OBE) prisms at UCLA. The test specimens were detailed according to ACI 318-11 21.9.6.5 with the goal of assessing failure modes and strain capacities as influenced by concrete cover, configuration of transverse reinforcement, and spacing of transverse reinforcement. Based on the tests, a relationship used to assess buckling of longitudinal reinforcement was extended to wall boundaries with typical OBE detailing. 
(2)	Completing tests on 13 special boundary element (SBE) prisms at UC Berkeley. The tests investigated the role of boundary element detailing and wall thickness. The tests indicated that the strain capacity of relatively (< 12 inches) walls with ACI 318 code compliant SBE detailing was less than one percent and that improved detailing or high-performance, fiber-reinforced concrete did not improve the strain capacity significantly. 
(3)	Conducted tests on seven, approximately one-half scale wall panels represented the base of roughly 8 to 10 story walls in a moderately tall building.  The primary test variables were the configuration and quantity of boundary transverse reinforcement, the depth of the neutral axis, and the wall thickness. The test provided essential data to develop a new, displacement-based model for predicting the drift capacity of structural walls with SBE. 
(4)	Developing code change proposals that were approved for ACI 318-14 and additional code change proposals that have been approved for inclusion in ACI 318-19. 
(5)	Creating and documenting a detailed dataset that was uploaded to DesignSafe-ci Data Depot that can be used for future reserarch.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2wm49
title: Wall Boundary Element Test #4
title: in NEESR: Seismic Performance of Conventional and Innovative Special Structural Walls

description: Uniaxial test of a reinforced concrete wall boundary element
description: The project explored design and performance limits for structural walls, considering both conventional wall construction practices and innovative construction practices. A principal finding of recent earthquakes (in 2010 and 2011) and laboratory tests from 200 to 2010 is that wall performance is limited by stability and ductility capacity of the flexural compression zone. Given this critical issue, a series of studies on conventional walls and boundary elements constructed with innovative materials (HPFRCC) to establish performance limits for flexural compression failures in reinforced concrete structural walls. Tests were designed to acquire knowledge, improve construction practices, and advance simulation tools. The primary research outcomes include: 

(1)	Completing  tests of eight ordinary boundary element (OBE) prisms at UCLA. The test specimens were detailed according to ACI 318-11 21.9.6.5 with the goal of assessing failure modes and strain capacities as influenced by concrete cover, configuration of transverse reinforcement, and spacing of transverse reinforcement. Based on the tests, a relationship used to assess buckling of longitudinal reinforcement was extended to wall boundaries with typical OBE detailing. 
(2)	Completing tests on 13 special boundary element (SBE) prisms at UC Berkeley. The tests investigated the role of boundary element detailing and wall thickness. The tests indicated that the strain capacity of relatively (< 12 inches) walls with ACI 318 code compliant SBE detailing was less than one percent and that improved detailing or high-performance, fiber-reinforced concrete did not improve the strain capacity significantly. 
(3)	Conducted tests on seven, approximately one-half scale wall panels represented the base of roughly 8 to 10 story walls in a moderately tall building.  The primary test variables were the configuration and quantity of boundary transverse reinforcement, the depth of the neutral axis, and the wall thickness. The test provided essential data to develop a new, displacement-based model for predicting the drift capacity of structural walls with SBE. 
(4)	Developing code change proposals that were approved for ACI 318-14 and additional code change proposals that have been approved for inclusion in ACI 318-19. 
(5)	Creating and documenting a detailed dataset that was uploaded to DesignSafe-ci Data Depot that can be used for future reserarch.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-0yc8-4h27
title: Marshall Fire Unified Survey

description: This survey is a cumulation of efforts led by our research group (Crow, Dickinson, DeVoss, Albright) which brought together 30+ researchers to implement a survey following the most destructive wildfire in Colorado's history, the 2021 Marshall Fire in Boulder County. The survey contained a wide range of material including the themes: evacuation and emergency alerts, perception of air pollution exposure, home cleaning, reminders of the fire, social capital, participatory processes, policy support, rebuilding/relocation decisions, physical and mental health effects, recovery and resilience, and worldview. This project is unique in that there were numerous researchers interested in collaborating following the fire to reduce burden on community members. Data from this project can be used to inform future recovery efforts following natural disasters. The audience for this data is other researchers.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-3a0x-zt41
title: Portland, OR Earthquake Workshops for Spanish Speakers
title: in Assessing the influence of cultural variables, perceptions, and earthquake hazard information on household emergency preparedness

description: Included here are research materials that supported the investigation of householder emergency preparedness and other associated psychological variables for people living at risk to a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake in the Portland, OR, USA region. The aim of this work was to better understand household preparedness levels and what types of informational materials would be most effective at improving protective response or changing risk perceptions. Here we include recruitment materials, planning documents, earthquake hazard education presentation slides, and questionnaires. A component of this work focused on Spanish speakers. As such, we include a number of these materials in both English and Spanish versions. These data and materials could be used to develop future surveys and assess education efforts focused on earthquake preparedness for households.
description: This mission includes materials associated with earthquake preparedness workshops conducted in Spanish with 52 residents of the Portland, OR metropolitan region in Summer of 2022. These workshops were conducted by local facilitators trained to provide the workshops. Participants completed pre- and post-workshop surveys to assess what impact the workshops had on their risk perceptions and intentions to prepare. Included in this mission are the facilitator training guides, the workshop slides (in English and Spanish), the pre-and post-workshop questionnaire, and recruitment materials. We expect these materials to be useful for others wanting to conduct multilingual hazards workshops and those wishing to collect pre- and post-engagement data. These materials could help to assess the effectiveness of workshops like this and also provide a template for using active learning strategies to deliver earthquake information to diverse audiences. The availability of pre-translated survey questions may also be useful for researchers surveying Spanish speakers.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-3j0z-7f67
title: Fragility analysis of 1-D interlocking TeSA walls
title: in Simulation Models and Fragility Functions for Tessellated Structural-Architectural Reinforced Concrete Walls

description: This project introduced a new modular reinforced concrete shear wall system designed for replaceability and resilience after extreme loading as well as architectural appeal. The walls are called tessellated structural-architectural (TeSA) walls because they consist of interlocking tiles (modules) with repetitive shapes (tessellations) and are intended to satisfy both structural and architectural demands. Tiles of TeSA systems can be interlocking in one or two directions, and can incorporate self-centering post-tensioning. This data set includes: 
(1) Continuum element models of 1-D and 2-D interlocking reinforced concrete TeSA walls. The models were created using a commercial finite element software (Abaqus). Walls with 1-D interlocking tiles had self-centering strands. Load-displacement and strand force-displacement (when applicable) data are presented for static pushover analyses. Wall design details are provided for the walls analyzed. 
(2) Fiber element model of a 1-D interlocking TeSA wall with self-centering strands. The model was created using OpenSees. Load-displacement and strand force-displacement data are presented for static pushover analyses. Wall design details are also provided. 
(3) Fragility functions for two 1-D interlocking TeSA walls with varying tile patterns. The functions were created using the fiber element models described above, captured uncertainties in applied axial loading, tile-interface properties, concrete compressive strength, modeling approach, and used lateral drift as the demand parameter. Design details of the walls, for which fragility functions were generated, are also provided.
description: Fragility curves were developed for two 1-D interlocking TeSA walls. The functions were created using fiber element models, and captured uncertainties in applied axial loading, tile-interface properties, concrete compressive strength, modeling approach, and used lateral drift as the demand parameter.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-4rpg-vc23
title: Earthquake simulator experiments of a seismically-isolated molten salt reactor
title: in Characterizing the seismic behavior of a base-isolated generation IV reactor

description: Earthquake-simulator experiments on a scale model of a fluoride-salt cooled high temperature reactor were executed on a six-degree-of-freedom shaking table to characterize the dynamic behavior of the vessel and its internal components and to develop recommendations for analysis and design. The model included a reactor vessel, core barrel, reflector blocks, coolant, and spherical fuel pebbles, and was seismically isolated at its base using two types of spherical sliding bearings. The material and geometric properties of the different test components were selected based on a dynamic similitude scaling analysis and an approximate length scale of 0.4. Four sets of three-component earthquake motions were used as inputs for testing. Instrumentation on the test specimen was designed to record the dynamic responses of the outer vessel, core barrel, and reflector-block assembly, the hydrodynamic responses (sloshing and hydrodynamic pressure) of the liquid coolant, pebble consolidation under earthquake shaking, and the behavior of the isolation systems. The generated data could aid modelling and design of reactor components and help characterize the benefits of seismically isolating advanced nuclear reactors.
description: A set of earthquake-simulator experiments was conducted on a scale model of a base-isolated, fluoride-salt cooled, high temperature reactor. The goals of the experimental program were to gain a better understanding of the dynamic behavior of the reactor’s components, formulate recommendations for their seismic analysis (numerical or analytical), and experimentally demonstrate the benefits of seismically isolating equipment in a nuclear power plant. The scale and level of complexity of the experimental program was unprecedented and the generated dataset can aid designers of advanced nuclear reactors in making informed decisions in analysis and modelling.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-8v8t-w273
title: Displacement and subsurface characteristics of select lateral spread locations from the 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake

description: This dataset contains files related to a study of select lateral spread sites from the 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake.  The goal of this study was to investigate the topographic, geologic, and geotechnical factors influencing the observed displacement patterns at the lateral spread sites, and to use the observed displacements to evaluate existing models that predict lateral spread displacements. The contents of each file are explained in the READ_ME file below.