cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d3f10
title: Data from: Anatomy of scientific evolution

description: The quest for historically impactful science and technology provides
 invaluable insight into the innovation dynamics of human society, yet many
 studies are limited to qualitative and small-scale approaches. Here, we
 investigate scientific evolution through systematic analysis of a massive
 corpus of digitized English texts between 1800 and 2008. Our analysis
 reveals great predictability for long-prevailing scientific concepts based
 on the levels of their prior usage. Interestingly, once a threshold of
 early adoption rates is passed even slightly, scientific concepts can
 exhibit sudden leaps in their eventual lifetimes. We developed a
 mechanistic model to account for such results, indicating that
 slowly-but-commonly adopted science and technology surprisingly tend to
 have higher innate strength than fast-and-commonly adopted ones. The model
 prediction for disciplines other than science was also well verified. Our
 approach sheds light on unbiased and quantitative analysis of scientific
 evolution in society, and may provide a useful basis for policy-making.
description: Additional
 Informations.Metadata and description
 of our data, including links to external sources of
 data.Metadata.htmlScientific word set.Stems collected from patent grants in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and titles of articles in scientific journals.Scientifc_wordset_JY_PJK_HJ_2014.txtGoogle webpage volumes of our predicted set.Google webpage volumes that are annually updated between 2008 and 2013, for the scientific words predicted as future type-II in this study.Google_Volume_Predicted_Set_JY_PJK_HJ_2014.txtGoogle webpage volumes of our randomly-selected scientific words.Google webpage volumes that are annually updated between 2008 and 2013, for the randomly-selected scientific words not overlapping with the words predicted as future type-IIGoogle_Volume_Other_Set_JY_PJK_HJ_2014.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2s22q
title: Data from: Gene-dosage effects on fitness in recent adaptive duplications: ace-1 in the mosquito Culex pipiens

description: Gene duplications have long been advocated to contribute to the evolution
 of new functions. The role of selection in their early spread is more
 controversial. Unless duplications are favored for a direct benefit of
 increased expression, they are likely detrimental. In this paper, we
 investigated the case of duplications favored because they combine already
 functionally divergent alleles. Their gene-dosage/fitness relations are
 poorly known, because selection may operate on both overall expression and
 duplicates relative dosage. Using the well-documented case of Culex
 pipiens resistance to insecticides, we compared strains with various ace-1
 allele combinations, including two duplicated alleles carrying both
 susceptible and resistant copies. The overall protein activity was nearly
 additive, but, surprisingly, fitness correlated better with the relative
 proportion of susceptible and resistant copies rather than any absolute
 measure of activity. Gene dosage is thus crucial, duplications stabilizing
 an ‘heterozygote’ phenotype. It corroborates the view that these were
 favored because they fix a permanent heterosis, thereby solving the
 irreducible trade-off between resistance and synaptic transmission.
 Moreover, we showed that the contrasted successes of the two duplicated
 alleles in natural populations depend on genetic changes unrelated to
 ace-1, confirming the probable implication of recessive sublethal
 mutations linked to structural rearrangements in some duplications.
description: Activity, preimaginal
 mortality and resistance dataOriginal data of
 activity, preimaginal mortality and resistance of homozygotes for single
 copies and two duplicated alleles of the ace-1 gene and their hybrids. For
 each variable the indiduals data are provided.DryadDataEvolution.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7951
title: Data from: Morphological, genetic and chromosomal variation at a small spatial scale within a mosaic hybrid zone of the grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner (Acrididae)

description: Hybrid zones are regions where genetically different populations meet and
 mate, resulting in offspring of mixed characteristics. In organisms with
 limited dispersal, such as melanopline grasshoppers, hybrid zones can
 occur at small spatial scales (i. e., &lt; 500 m). We assessed levels
 of morphological, chromosomal and molecular variability in adult males of
 the grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner (N = 137) collected at 12
 sites within a mosaic hybrid zone in a heterogeneous environment in Sierra
 de la Ventana, Argentina. In this hybrid zone, two Robertsonian
 chromosomal races, polymorphic for different centric fusions, meet (the
 Northern race at low altitudes and the Southern race at higher altitudes),
 forming hybrids that show monobrachial homologies during meiosis. High
 morphometric variation in six traits was revealed among grasshoppers of
 both sexes, with male body size positively and significantly correlated
 with increasing altitude. Frequency of Robertsonian fusions characteristic
 of the Southern race increased significantly with altitude. Moreover,
 fusion frequencies covaried between samples. Considerable genetic
 variation was revealed by RAPD markers, with heterozygosity ranging from
 0.3477 to 0.3745. Insects from low-altitude and high-altitude populations
 showed significant genetic differentiation, as indicated by FST values.
 The proposed model for D. pratensis, involving the generation and
 maintenance by chromosomal fusions, of gene complexes adaptive in
 different environments, could explain the observed clinal patterns within
 the contact zone.
description: Miño et al JOH-2009-227
 Suppl materialSupplementary material
 Table S1. Means, coefficients of variation and female/male relationships
 (in italics) for six morphometric characters for 12 samples of D.
 pratensis from Sierra de la Ventana region (Buenos Aires, Argentina). M:
 males; F: females; BL: Body length; F3L: left femur 3 length; T3L: left
 tibia 3 length; TeL: Tegmina length; PL: pronotum length; PH: pronotum
 height; CV: Coefficient of variation. All measures are in mm. Table S2.
 Mean frequency of different fusions per individual (F) and frequencies of
 individual fusions of Dichroplus. pratensis in 12 samples collected at the
 Sierra de la Ventana hybrid zone.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3mj97
title: Data from: Camouflaging moving objects: crypsis and masquerade

description: Motion is generally assumed to “break” camouflage. However, although
 camouflage cannot conceal a group of moving animals, it may impair a
 predator’s ability to single one out for attack, even if that
 discrimination is not based on a color difference. Here, we use a
 computer-based task in which humans had to detect the odd one out among
 moving objects, with “oddity” based on shape. All objects were either
 patterned or plain, and either matched the background or not. We show that
 there are advantages of matching both group-mates and the background.
 However, when patterned objects are on a plain background (i.e., no
 background matching), the advantage of being among similarly patterned
 distractors is only realized when the group size is larger (10 compared to
 5). In a second experiment, we present a paradigm for testing how
 coloration interferes with target-distractor discrimination, based on an
 adaptive staircase procedure for establishing the threshold. We show that
 when the predator only has a short time for decision-making, displaying a
 similar pattern to the distractors and the background affords protection
 even when the difference in shape between target and distractors is large.
 We conclude that, even though motion breaks camouflage, being camouflaged
 could help group-living animals reduce the risk of being singled out for
 attack by predators.
description: Data for Experiment
 1aSee
 Readme file for information about all data in this
 depositExperiment
 1a.zipData for Experiment
 1bSee
 Readme file for information about all data in this
 depositExperiment
 1b.zipData for Experiment
 2See
 Readme file for information about all data in this
 depositExperiment
 2.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c37h8
title: Data from: Spatial distribution of nests constrains the strength of sexual selection in a warbler

description: In socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity may increase the
 strength of inter-sexual selection by allowing males with preferred
 phenotypes to monopolize matings. Several studies have found relationships
 between male signals and extra-pair mating, but many others fail to
 explain variation in extra-pair mating success. A greater appreciation for
 the role that ecological contingencies play in structuring behavioral
 processes may help to reconcile contradictory results. We studied
 extra-pair mating in a spatial context in the common yellowthroat
 (Geothlypis trichas), a territorial wood warbler. Over the course of six
 years, we observed 158 breeding attempts by 99 males, resulting in a total
 of 369 nests and 520 sampled nestlings. The spatial distribution of
 territories varied greatly, with males having between 0 and 10 close
 neighbors and between 3 and 39 neighboring nestlings close enough to
 represent extra-pair siring opportunities. Both within-pair and extra-pair
 reproductive success increased with breeding density, but the opportunity
 for sexual selection and strength of selection varied with density. Total
 variance in reproductive success was highest at low density and was mostly
 explained by variation in within-pair success. In contrast, at high
 density, both within-pair and extra-pair success contributed substantially
 to variance in reproductive success. The relationships between plumage and
 extra-pair mating also varied by density; plumage was under strong sexual
 selection via extra-pair mating success at high density but no selection
 was detected at low density. Thus, ecological factors that structure
 social interactions can drive patterns of sexual selection by facilitating
 or constraining the expression of mating preferences.
description: Data By
 MaleThis file contains data
 on reproductive success, ornamentation, and breeding density for each
 adult male included in the paper. Column headers are mostly
 self-explanatory and are described in further detail in the associated
 paper.Male_Data.csvData By NestlingThis file contains data for each nestling that was sampled and included in the paper. Columns are self-explanatory. These data can be linked to the males in the 'Data by Male' file using the 'Lookup_Code' column in each file.Nestling_Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1vb4
title: Data from: Conditional cooperation and confusion in public-goods experiments

description: Economic experiments are often used to study if humans altruistically
 value the welfare of others. A canonical result from public-good games is
 that humans vary in how they value the welfare of others, dividing into
 fair-minded conditional cooperators, who match the cooperation of others,
 and selfish noncooperators. However, an alternative explanation for the
 data are that individuals vary in their understanding of how to maximize
 income, with misunderstanding leading to the appearance of cooperation. We
 show that (i) individuals divide into the same behavioral types when
 playing with computers, whom they cannot be concerned with the welfare of;
 (ii) behavior across games with computers and humans is correlated and can
 be explained by variation in understanding of how to maximize income;
 (iii) misunderstanding correlates with higher levels of cooperation; and
 (iv) standard control questions do not guarantee understanding. These
 results cast doubt on certain experimental methods and demonstrate that a
 common assumption in behavioral economics experiments, that choices reveal
 motivations, will not necessarily hold.
description: Burton_Chellew_CCC_Dryad_dataThe individual data from the manuscript, sheet 2 contains explanatory key/legend
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5140t
title: Data from: Competence increases survival during stress in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

description: Horizontal gene transfer mediated by transformation is of central
 importance in bacterial evolution. However, numerous questions remain
 about the maintenance of processes that underlie transformation. Most
 hypotheses for the benefits of transformation focus on what bacteria might
 do with DNA, but ignore the important fact that transformation is subsumed
 within the broader process of competence. Accordingly, the apparent
 benefits of transformation might rely less on recombination than on other
 potential benefits associated with the broader suite of traits regulated
 by competence. We examined the importance of this distinction in the
 naturally competent species Streptococcus pneumoniae, focussing
 specifically on predictions of the DNA-for-repair hypothesis. We confirm
 earlier results in other naturally competent species that transformation
 protects against DNA-damaging stress. In addition, we show that the
 stress-protection extends to non-DNA-damaging stress. More important, we
 find that for some forms of stress transformation is not required for
 cells to benefit from the induction of competence. This rejects the
 narrowly defined DNA-for-repair hypotheses and provides the first support
 for Claverys’ hypothesis that competence, but not necessarily
 transformation, may act as a general process to relieve stress. Our
 results highlight the need to distinguish benefits of transformation from
 broader benefits of competence that do not rely on DNA uptake and
 recombination.
description: Engelmoer&Rozen_Evoldata
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9rr6v
title: Data from: Host population bottlenecks drive parasite extinction during antagonistic coevolution

description: Host-parasite interactions are often characterized by large fluctuations
 in host population size, and we investigated how such host bottlenecks
 affected coevolution between a bacterium and a virus. Previous theory
 suggests that host bottlenecks should provide parasites with an
 evolutionary advantage, but instead we found that phages were rapidly
 driven to extinction when coevolving with hosts exposed to large genetic
 bottlenecks. This was caused by the stochastic loss of sensitive bacteria,
 which are required for phage persistence and infectivity evolution. Our
 findings emphasize the importance of feedbacks between ecological and
 coevolutionary dynamics, and how this feedback can qualitatively alter
 coevolutionary dynamics.
description: Phage survivorship and
 bacterial resistance following host bottlenecksExcel file containing
 different spreadheets for all plotted graphs/analyses. All labels/factors
 are explained in the actual Excel file.Bottlenecks_dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dt7mr
title: Data from: Skin temperature changes in wild chimpanzees upon hearing vocalizations of conspecifics

description: A growing trend of research using infrared thermography (IRT) has shown
 that changes in skin temperature, associated with activity of the
 autonomic nervous system, can be reliably detected in human and non-human
 animals. A contact-free method, IRT provides the opportunity to uncover
 emotional states in free-ranging animals during social interactions. Here,
 we measured nose and ear temperatures of wild chimpanzees of Budongo
 Forest, Uganda, when exposed to naturally occurring vocalizations of
 conspecifics. We found a significant temperature decrease over the nose
 after exposure to conspecifics' vocalizations, whereas we found a
 corresponding increase for ear temperature. Our study suggests that IRT
 can be used in wild animals to quantify changes in emotional states in
 response to the diversity of vocalizations, their functional significance
 and acoustical characteristics. We hope that it will contribute to more
 research on physiological changes associated with social interactions in
 wild animals.
description: DatasetThermal data: normalized data by timerawdata.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.49kt0
title: Data from: Is lack of suitable housing a barrier to home-based dialysis therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease? A cohort study

description: Objective: To determine whether inadequate housing is the main barrier to
 the provision of home dialysis treatment. Design: Prospective
 observational study. Participants: All patients attending a predialysis
 clinic between 2006 and 2009 deemed medically suitable for home dialysis
 and not active on the preemptive transplant list. Setting: A predialysis
 clinic in a London teaching hospital. Main outcome measure: Assessment of
 patient's accommodation for suitability for home-based dialysis using
 departmental guidelines and the Government's Housing Health and
 Safety Rating System regulations 2005. Results: A lack of adequate housing
 prohibited the provision of home haemodialysis to all but one of these
 patients. Moreover, only 29% of homes assessed were suitable for
 peritoneal dialysis, despite the lower spatial demands of this form of
 renal replacement therapy. In addition to the specific requirements of
 dialysis, we also found that only 33% of the homes visited fulfilled the
 minimum standard of housing as defined in the Government's Decent
 Homes Standard, with multiple specific hazards identified across the
 properties. Conclusions: This study illustrates that the lack of suitable
 housing is a major barrier to the provision of home-based dialysis and
 underscores the need for this to be addressed urgently at both the central
 government and local authority levels. We suggest that it should be
 considered as a major priority to rehouse medically suitable patients with
 a view to enabling home-based therapy.
description: final hhd data for
 submissionTable of all patients
 included for home visits. Patients were identified by date of birth and
 hospital number which have been removed for confidentiality. Data
 extracted from our renal database. Outcome of visits supplied by renal
 social worker and predialysis nurse from logged home visits. Race as
 stated by patient. DM refers to diabetic or not, RRT refers to the
 modality of renal replacement implemented following home visit, DHS
 relates to whether home met basic government standards, HHSR code lists
 specific hazards in the home (max 4 per home listed) and temp accom refers
 to whether the accomodation was of a temporary nature, With regards RRT,
 APD donates automated peritoneal dialysis, CAPD continual ambulatory
 peritoneal dialysis, HD haemodialysis and the various initials following
 HD refer to the different renal units within out
 catchment.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.787c0
title: Data from: Evolutionary covariation in geometric morphometric data: analyzing integration, modularity, and allometry in a phylogenetic context

description: Quantifying integration and modularity of evolutionary changes in
 morphometric traits is crucial for understanding how organismal shapes
 evolve. For this purpose, comparative studies are necessary, which need to
 take into account the phylogenetic structure of interspecific data. This
 study applies several of the standard tools of geometric morphometrics,
 which mostly have been used in intraspecific studies, in the new context
 of analyzing integration and modularity based on comparative data.
 Morphometric methods such as principal component analysis, multivariate
 regression, partial least squares and modularity tests can be applied to
 phylogenetically independent contrasts of shape data. We illustrate this
 approach in an analysis of cranial evolution in 160 species from all
 orders of birds. Mapping the shape information onto the phylogeny
 indicates that there is a significant phylogenetic signal in skull shape.
 Multivariate regression of independent contrasts of shape on independent
 contrasts of size reveals clear evolutionary allometry. Regardless of
 whether or not a correction for allometry is used, evolutionary
 integration between the face and braincase is strong, and tests reject the
 hypothesis that the face and braincase are separate evolutionary modules.
 These analyses can easily be applied to other taxa and can be combined
 with other morphometric tools to address a wide range of questions about
 evolutionary patterns and processes.
description: Raw data
 fileRaw landmark coordinates
 as tab-delimited text file. The first column is an identifier (from the
 original images) and the second column contains the taxon names. Note that
 the file contains one landmark, the tip of the beak, that was not used in
 the published analyses.raw data for
 SystBiol.txtPhylogeny
 fileNexus file with the
 phylogeny used in the analysis. This tree was constructed using the tree
 of Hackett et al. (2008) as a "backbone", with some additional
 information added. For the taxa contained in the morphometric data, the
 names of terminal nodes have been modified to match the "Taxon"
 variable of the morphometric data file. Taxa not included in the
 morphometric data remain in this tree.birdphylo_edited_July11.nex
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7b79m
title: Data from: Unpredicted impacts of insect endosymbionts on interactions between soil organisms, plants and aphids

description: Ecologically significant symbiotic associations are frequently studied in
 isolation, but such studies of two-way interactions cannot always predict
 the responses of organisms in a community setting. To explore this issue,
 we adopt a community approach to examine the role of plant–microbial and
 insect–microbial symbioses in modulating a plant–herbivore interaction.
 Potato plants were grown under glass in controlled conditions and
 subjected to feeding from the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. By
 comparing plant growth in sterile, uncultivated and cultivated soils and
 the performance of M. euphorbiae clones with and without the facultative
 endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, we provide evidence for complex
 indirect interactions between insect– and plant–microbial systems. Plant
 biomass responded positively to the live soil treatments, on average
 increasing by 15% relative to sterile soil, while aphid feeding produced
 shifts (increases in stem biomass and reductions in stolon biomass) in
 plant resource allocation irrespective of soil treatment. Aphid fecundity
 also responded to soil treatment with aphids on sterile soil exhibiting
 higher fecundities than those in the uncultivated treatment. The relative
 allocation of biomass to roots was reduced in the presence of aphids
 harbouring H. defensa compared with plants inoculated with H. defensa-free
 aphids and aphid-free control plants. This study provides evidence for the
 potential of plant and insect symbionts to shift the dynamics of
 plant–herbivore interactions.
description: Raw data (plant and
 aphid variables)Data was collected in a
 controlled glasshouse experiment as described in the associated paper. The
 data file was created using Microsoft Excel (2010)Dryad
 data.xls