cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sh391
title: Data from: Red and white Chinook salmon: genetic divergence and mate choice

description: Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exhibit extreme differences in
 coloration of skin, eggs and flesh due to genetic polymorphisms affecting
 carotenoid deposition, where colour can range from white to bright red. A
 sympatric population of red and white Chinook salmon occurs in the Quesnel
 River, British Columbia, where frequencies of each phenotype are
 relatively equal. In our study, we examined evolutionary mechanisms
 responsible for the maintenance of the morphs, where we first tested
 whether morphs were reproductively isolated using microsatellite
 genotyping, and second, using breeding trials in seminatural spawning
 channels, we tested whether colour assortative mate choice could be
 operating to maintain the polymorphism in nature. Next, given extreme
 difference in carotenoid assimilation and the importance of carotenoids to
 immune function, we examined mate choice and selection between colour
 morphs at immune genes (major histocompatibility complex genes: MHC I-A1
 and MHC II-B1). In our study, red and white individuals were found to
 interbreed, and under seminatural conditions, some degree of colour
 assortative mate choice (71% of matings) was observed. We found
 significant genetic differences at both MHC genes between morphs, but no
 evidence of MHC II-B1-based mate choice. White individuals were more
 heterozygous at MHC II-B1 compared with red individuals, and morphs showed
 significant allele frequency differences at MHC I-A1. Although colour
 assortative mate choice is likely not a primary mechanism maintaining the
 polymorphisms in the population, our results suggest that selection is
 operating differentially at immune genes in red and white Chinook salmon,
 possibly due to differences in carotenoid utilization.
description: Mate choice and genetic
 divergence dataWorksheets with
 microsatellite and MHC genotypes used for calculations of genetic
 divergence, and offspring assignment data from mate choice
 experiment.MEC-DRYADdata-Lehnert et
 al.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3r20
title: Data from: Operational sex ratio but not density affects sexual selection in a fish

description: The operational sex ratio (OSR) and density are considered important
 factors affecting the strength of sexual selection. While there is
 increasing evidence that OSR and density affect the potential for sexual
 selection, few studies have addressed whether this is realized in
 phenotypic selection and how the two factors interact. We manipulated OSR
 (three levels) and male density (two levels) in 36 experimental breeding
 populations of Gobiusculus flavescens – a fish with paternal care. We
 measured mating competition behavior, the opportunity for selection (I),
 and selection on four morphological traits in males. We found sexual
 selection on two male traits, with the strongest selection being 20% of I.
 As predicted from OSR theory, increasing female scarcity caused males to
 become more competitive, concomitant with an increase in I and selection
 on morphological traits. Model simulations of I based on random mating
 (Imin) and maximum mate monopolization (Imax) demonstrated that the
 potential for sexual selection was close to its theoretical maximum across
 the range of OSRs. However, male density and its interaction with the OSR
 did not affect sexual selection. We argue that a multifaceted approach,
 combining mating behavior and selection analyses, can help us to
 understand how ecological factors affect sexual selection.
description: Main data
 setdata_main.txtFemale length datafemale_length.txtNest density datadensity_nests.txtSimulations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fh41b
title: Data from: Female butterflies modulate investment in reproduction and flight in response to monsoon-driven migrations

description: Migratory species may display striking phenotypic plasticity during
 individual lifetimes. This may include differential investment in body
 parts and functions, differential resource use and allocation, and
 behavioural changes between migratory and non-migratory phases. While
 migration-related phenotypic changes are well-reported, their underlying
 mechanisms are usually poorly understood. Here we compare individuals from
 migratory (reproductive diapause) and non-migratory (reproductive) phases
 of closely related aposematic butterfly species to study how sexual
 dimorphism and migratory behaviour underlie significant morphological
 tradeoffs, and propose a plausible scenario to explain the
 migration-related phenotypic plasticity observed in females of migratory
 species. We found that female butterflies invested significantly more in
 their abdominal mass compared to males irrespective of their migratory
 phase, and underwent a clear shift in their body mass allocation after the
 switch from the reproductive diapause phase to the reproductive phase. In
 reproductive phase, females invested much more in reproductive tissue.
 This switch occurred as a result of increased abdominal mass (i.e.
 reproductive tissue mass) without significant reduction in the thoracic
 mass (i.e. flight muscle mass). Migratory males, however, were not
 significantly different from non-migratory males in terms of relative
 investment in flight and reproductive tissues. These patterns were
 consistent between migratory and non-migratory aposematic species within
 and across clades. While migratory habits may influence the physiology and
 behaviour of both sexes, long-distance migration affected female
 morphology much more markedly compared to that of males. These results
 show the sex-specific nature of adaptations to migratory behaviour, and
 suggest that seemingly disparate life-history traits such as aposematism
 and migration may have similar influences on the lifetime energetic
 investments of insects.
description: MigrationManuscript_MorphometryDatasetButterflies collected in the field were dissected and their thoracic and abdominal masses were recorded. We used the raw measurements, as well as the thorax:abdomen ratio for our analyses. This file includes details about the species collected, their sex, migratory habits, migratory diapause/reproductive status, thoracic and abdominal masses, and their individual thorax:abdomen ratios.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sp055
title: Data from: Landscape complexity promotes hoverflies across different types of semi-natural habitats in farmland

description: 1. Semi-natural habitats (SNH) provide essential resources for many
 organisms in agricultural landscapes and can increase biodiversity at the
 local and landscape scale. For the management of ecosystem services, it is
 crucial to understand how local characteristics of SNH and the surrounding
 landscape complexity affect beneficial species. 2. We investigated this
 for hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), an important functional group
 providing both pest control and pollination services, in a total of 138
 SNH in 35 agricultural landscapes in Switzerland and Germany. SNH differed
 in type (woody, herbaceous), shape (areal, linear) and availability of
 food resources (floral resources and aphids). They were located along a
 gradient of landscape complexity (1-75 % SNH in a 1 km radius). 3. In
 total 9,030 hoverflies belonging to 89 species were collected. In both
 countries, hoverfly community composition was mainly driven by SNH type
 and SNH shape, and in Switzerland additionally by landscape complexity.
 Species richness of hoverflies increased with increasing amounts of SNH at
 the landscape scale. However, the ubiquitous and dominant aphidophagous
 species Episyrphus balteatus was indifferent to landscape composition. 4.
 Species richness of total and aphidophagous hoverflies was higher in woody
 than herbaceous SNH. Hoverfly species richness was similar in linear and
 areal SNH, but non-aphidophagous hoverflies were more vulnerable to
 landscape simplification in linear than areal SNH. Effects of the SNH type
 partly differed between the two countries: In Germany, the dominant
 aphidophagous species E. balteatus preferred woody over herbaceous SNH,
 while no such difference was found in Switzerland. 5. Surprisingly, local
 richness and abundance of floral resources were poor predictors for
 hoverfly abundance, richness or community composition. 6. Synthesis and
 applications: Large-scale conservation and restoration of complex
 agricultural landscapes with a high proportion of different SNH types is
 key for the conservation of hoverfly diversity, and thus likely promote
 pest control and pollination services provided by them. Local improvement
 of SNH to promote hoverflies has to consider regional differences in
 habitat characteristics.07-Dec-2017
description: DataAll data of hoverflies,
 local food resources and design variables of 138 sampled semi-natural
 habitats in farmlands and Switzerland and Germanydata_dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kc811
title: Data from: Soil aggregate stability and grassland productivity associations in a northern mixed-grass prairie

description: Soil aggregate stability data are often predicted to be positively
 associated with measures of plant productivity, rangeland health, and
 ecosystem functioning. Here we revisit the hypothesis that soil aggregate
 stability is positively associated with plant productivity. We measured
 local (plot-to-plot) variation in grassland community composition, plant
 (aboveground) biomass, root biomass, % water-stable soil aggregates, and
 topography. After accounting for spatial autocorrelation, we observed a
 negative association between % water-stable soil aggregates (0.25-1 and
 1-2 mm size classes of macroaggregates) and dominant graminoid biomass,
 and negative associations between the % water-stable aggregates and the
 root biomass of a dominant sedge (Carex filifolia). However, variation in
 total root biomass (0-10 or 0-30 cm depths) was either negatively or not
 appreciably associated with soil aggregate stabilities. Overall,
 regression slope coefficients were consistently negative thereby
 indicating the general absence of a positive association between measures
 of plant productivity and soil aggregate stability for the study area. The
 predicted positive association between factors was likely confounded by
 variation in plant species composition. Specifically, sampling spanned a
 local gradient in plant community composition which was likely driven by
 niche partitioning along a subtle gradient in elevation. Our results
 suggest an apparent trade-off between some measures of plant biomass
 production and soil aggregate stability, both known to affect the
 land's capacity to resist erosion. These findings further highlight
 the uncertainty of plant biomass-soil stability associations.
description: read me
 fileDescription of data
 files and location of variable descriptions.NMDS analyses R
 scriptWord document with R
 scripts for non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) graph of vegetation
 sample dissimilarities with best correlating environmental variables
 plotted as vectors.NMDS analyses R
 dryad.docxNMDS vegetation
 datasetvegetation data matrix
 (note: data variables are described on pg 1 in “NMDS analyses R
 script”)veg2.csvNMDS environmental datasetenvironmental data matrix (note: data variables are described on pg 1 in “NMDS analyses R script”)veg_envir2.csvregression analyses R scriptWord document with R script examples of regressions analyses and spatial autocorrelation testsregression script Dryad.docxregression (plant and soil property) data fileplant and soil properties data (note: data variables are described on pg1 in “regression analyses R script”)2011 82 points R.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3512gh3
title: Data from: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger: the burdens and benefits of toxin sequestration in a milkweed aphid

description: 1. Specialized insect herbivores commonly co-opt plant defences for
 protection against predators, but the costs, benefits, and mechanisms of
 sequestration are poorly understood. 2. We quantified sequestration of
 toxic cardenolides by the specialist aphid Aphis nerii when reared on four
 closely related milkweed (Asclepias) species with &gt;20-fold
 variation in cardenolide content, and in the presence or absence of
 ladybug predators. 3. Increasing concentrations of apolar plant
 cardenolides increased sequestered amounts in aphids. High concentrations
 in plants impaired aphid population growth, but also reduced the top-down
 effects of predators. All aphids accumulated two cardenolides not present
 in their host plant, even on plants with very low foliar cardenolide
 concentrations. 4. An in vitro enzymatic assay of total cardenolides in
 aphid bodies using the cardenolides’ target (animal Na+/K+-ATPase)
 revealed that the subset of sequestered cardenolides is disproportionally
 more toxic than cardenolides in leaves. 5. Sequestration of cardenolides
 by Aphis nerii thus involves the accumulation of modified plant
 cardenolides, as well as the concentration-dependent passive uptake of
 more potent apolar plant cardenolides. Host plant choice by the aphid is
 thus subject to conflicting demands of higher growth performance versus
 superior defence against predators.
description: Aphid growth
 dataTab-delimited text file
 containing all aphid population growth data. See readme file for column
 description.4SpecSeq_aphid growth
 data.txtCardenolide
 dataTab-delimited text file
 containing all cardenolide data. See readme file for column
 description.4SpecSeq_cardenolide
 data.txtAnalysisR code to recreate all analyses in Züst et al. (2018), separated into sections 'Growth analysis of aphid data', 'Analysis of ladybug predator effect', and 'Analysis of cardenolide means'. The first two sections use the aphid growth data file, while the last section uses the cardenolide data file provided on Dryad.4SpecSeq_Analysis.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ht1p
title: Data from: Predators and patterns of within-host growth can mediate both among-host competition and the evolution of transmission potential of parasites

description: Parasite prevalence shows tremendous spatiotemporal variation. Theory
 indicates this variation might stem from life history characteristics of
 parasites and key ecological factors. Here, we illustrate how the
 interaction of an important predator and the schedule of
 'transmission potential' of two parasites can explain parasite
 abundance. A field survey showed that a non-castrating fungus
 (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) commonly infected a dominant zooplankton host
 (Daphnia dentifera), while a castrating bacterial parasite (Pasteuria
 ramosa) was rare. This result seemed surprising given that the bacterium
 produces many more infectious propagules (spores) than the fungus upon
 host death. The fungus's dominance can be explained by the schedule
 of within host growth of parasites (i.e., how transmission potential
 changes over the course of infection) and spore release from 'sloppy
 predators' (Chaoborus spp., who consume Daphnia prey whole, then
 later regurgitate the carapace and parasite spores). In essence, sloppy
 predators create a niche that the faster-schedule fungus currently
 occupies. However, a selection experiment showed the slower-schedule
 bacterium can evolve into this faster-schedule, predator-mediated niche
 (but pays a cost in maximal spore yield to do so). Hence, our study shows
 how parasite life history can interact with predation to strongly
 influence the ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of infectious disease.
 18 pages, 1 table, 5 figures; Appendix
description: AuldetalAmNat2014Field and lab collected data examining parasite interspecies competition and evolution in a natural host-multiparasite system
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1311t
title: Data from: Exploring the perceptions of physicians, caregivers and families towards artificial nutrition and hydration for people in permanent vegetative state: how can a photo-elicitation method help?

description: The question of withdrawing artificial nutrition and hydration from people
 in a permanent vegetative state sparks considerable ethical and legal
 debate. Therefore, understanding the elements that influence such a
 decision is crucial. However, exploring perceptions of artificial
 nutrition and hydration is methodologically challenging for several
 reasons. First, because of the emotional state of the professionals and
 family members, who are facing an extremely distressing situation; second,
 because this question mirrors representations linked to a deep-rooted fear
 of dying of hunger and thirst; and third, because of taboos surrounding
 death. We sought to determine the best method to explore such complex
 situations in depth. This article aims to assess the relevance of the
 photo-elicitation interview method to analyze the perceptions and
 attitudes of health professionals and families of people in a permanent
 vegetative state regarding artificial nutrition and hydration. The
 photo-elicitation interview method consists in inserting one or more
 photographs into a research interview. An original set of 60 photos was
 built using Google Images and participants were asked to choose photos (10
 maximum) and talk about them. The situations of 32 patients were explored
 in 23 dedicated centers for people in permanent vegetative state across
 France. In total, 138 interviews were conducted with health professionals
 and family members. We found that the photo-elicitation interview method
 1) was well accepted by the participants and allowed them to express their
 emotions constructively, 2) fostered narration, reflexivity and
 introspection, 3) offered a sufficient "unusual angle" to allow
 participants to go beyond stereotypes and habits of thinking, and 4) can
 be replicated in other research areas. The use of visual methods currently
 constitutes an expanding area of research and this study stressed that
 this is of special interest to enhance research among populations facing
 end-of-life and ethical issues.
description: NUTRIVEGE
 Study_PhotoFrequencies
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5k00
title: Data from: Causes and consequences of partial migration in a passerine bird

description: Many animal species have populations in which some individuals migrate and
 others remain on the breeding grounds. This phenomenon is called partial
 migration. Despite substantial theoretical work, empirical data on causes
 and consequences of partial migration remain scarce, mainly because of
 difficulties associated with tracking individuals over large spatial
 scales. We used stable hydrogen isotopes in claw material to determine
 whether skylarks Alauda arvensis from a single breeding population in the
 Netherlands had migrated or remained resident in the previous winter and
 investigated whether there were causes or consequences of either strategy.
 Age and sex had no influence on the propensity to migrate, but larger
 individuals were more likely to be residents. The wintering strategy was
 not fixed within individuals. Up to 45% of individuals measured in
 multiple years switched strategies. Reproductive parameters were not
 related to the wintering strategy, but individuals that wintered locally
 experienced lower future return rates, and this was directly correlated
 with two independent measures of immune function. Our results suggest that
 partial migration in skylarks is based neither on genetic dimorphism nor
 on an age- and sex-dependent condition. Instead, the wintering strategy is
 related to structural size and immune function. These new insights on
 causes and consequences of partial migration advance our understanding of
 the ecology, evolution, and coexistence of different life-history
 strategies.
description: data Hegemann et al
 Partial migrationExcel table with 3
 sheets. First sheet contains all raw data needed for Post-winter
 comparisons including all reproductive data, physiological data,
 morphological data and return rate as well as stable isotope values used
 for assigning birds as migrants, residents or unknown, respectively. From
 these table also comparisons between age and sex classes, consistency
 versus switching of strategies and tarsus length among switchers, obligate
 residents and obligate migrants can be extracted. Sheet 2 contains all
 data for the within-individual comparisons (longitudinal data). Sheet 3
 contains data regarding the test for assortative
 mating.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m1787
title: Data from: From a line in the sand to a landscape of decisions: a Hierarchical Diversity Decision Framework (HiDDeF) for estimating and communicating biodiversity loss along anthropogenic gradients

description: 1. In setting water quality criteria, managers must choose thresholds for
 stressors that are protective of aquatic biodiversity. Setting such
 thresholds requires making implicit judgments about the degree of
 biodiversity loss that managers are willing to accept. 2. We present a new
 modeling approach, the Hierarchical Diversity Decision Framework model
 (HiDDeF) that explicitly communicates the sensitivity of water quality
 benchmarks to these implicit judgements. We apply HiDDeF to a dataset of
 stream macroinvertebrate abundances across 218 sites in southwestern West
 Virginia, USA where alkaline mine drainage increases streamwater
 conductivity and leads to the loss of sensitive taxa throughout regional
 river networks. 3. By integrating responses of individual taxa within a
 flexible hierarchical framework, HiDDeF reliably predicts
 macroinvertebrate assemblages across the full range of conductivities
 observed in the training dataset but requires only a fraction of the sites
 required in previous studies. HiDDeF results suggest that the current
 conductivity benchmark (300 μS/cm) for regional streams translates to 50%
 loss in abundance for at least one-quarter of regional macroinvertebrate
 taxa. 4. HiDDeF produces a “decision landscape” that allows decision
 makers to assess sensitivity of proposed benchmarks to their choice of
 protective level. HiDDeF allows users to investigate both individual and
 community level responses to environmental gradients and generates output
 that includes a comprehensive summary of uncertainty in model parameters.
description: Taxa Abundance and Site
 DataThis file contains both
 species abundance data and site-level data (e.g. watershed
 characteristics, water chemistry, habitat scores) for 218 sites analyzed
 in our paper.Data.csv