DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15454354
title: A Multi-Session EEG Dataset of Longitudinal Motor Imagery BCI Training with Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation in Able-Bodied and Spinal Cord Injury Participants

description: This dataset captures longitudinal brain-computer interface (BCI) training data collected from a total of 27 human participants, including 25 healthy individuals and 2 individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The dataset is designed to support research into motor imagery (MI)-based BCI performance, neuromodulation through transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation (TESS), and neuroplasticity associated with longitudinal BCI use. It contains high-resolution EEG and EOG recordings, performance metrics, stimulation metadata, and detailed session logs across multiple experimental conditions.

1. Participants





Healthy Cohort (n=25):





Age: 18–30 years




Gender: 48% female




No prior history of neurological disorders






SCI Participants (n=3):





Patient-I: C5 complete lesion, 9 years post-injury, consistent motor rehabilitation




Patient-II: C4 complete lesion, 3 months post-injury, stimulation at C5/C6




(Note: One female SCI participant excluded due to medical complications)





2. Experimental Design

The study included three major participant groups:





Main Group (n=20):





EEG recordings with 32-channel cap




Randomized controlled study to evaluate the effects of TESS on BCI learning




Split into:





TESS Group (n=10): Received 20 minutes of spinal stimulation before each training session




Rest Group (n=10): Completed 20 minutes of rest instead






Protocol lasted five days, including offline and online BCI sessions




Cross-Over Group (n=4):





Subset of Rest group participants who failed to reach BCI control




Underwent a second round of training with the TESS condition after a 6-month washout




Included additional pre/post stimulation resting-state EEG recordings




Final follow-up session one week post-training to assess retention


EEG recordings with 64-channel cap, including pre/post stimulation resting-state EEG





Single-Pulse Group (n=5):





EEG recordings with 64-channel cap




Underwent identical training with a single-pulse stimulation protocol instead of multi-pulse TESS




Designed to serve as a placebo/control to isolate TESS-specific effects




Included resting-state EEG pre/post stimulation






SCI Participants (n=2):





Each completed the full protocol under both TESS and Rest conditions




EEG recordings with 64-channel cap, including pre/post stimulation resting-state EEG





3. EEG and EOG Data Acquisition





Sampling Rate: 512 Hz




Electrode Montage:





32-channel 10–10 system for healthy participants




64-channel high-density cap for SCI and subgroup participants




Ground: AFz; Reference: CPz






Recording System: ANTNeuro EEGO with Ag/AgCl-coated electrodes




Artifact Monitoring: Integrated EOG channels for blink and eye movement detection



4. BCI Task and Feedback





Modality: Motor imagery (left/right hand)




Task: Kinesthetic MI with bar feedback interface




Online BCI Decoder: Riemannian geometry-based, recalibrated after conditioning phase




Feedback Algorithm:





Evidence accumulation over sliding windows




Decisions based on dynamic thresholds






Trial Outcomes: Hit, Miss, Timeout




Session Format:





3–4 runs/session




20 trials/run




EEG time-locked to MI cues, execution, and feedback events





5. Stimulation Conditions





TESS Protocol: Multi-pulse 5 kHz carrier at 30 Hz




Single-Pulse Protocol: 200 µs biphasic pulse once per 30 Hz period




Stimulation Duration: 20 minutes/session (pre-BCI)




Target Site: Cervical spine (C5/C6)




Additional EEG Collection: 2-minute resting state EEG recordings pre/post stimulation in relevant groups



6. Metadata and Annotations





Session Labels: Offline, Online-Baseline, Post-Conditioning, Long-Term Follow-Up




Condition Tags: TESS, Rest, Single-Pulse




Performance Scores: Trial-level and session-level accuracy, command latency, hit/miss distribution




Participant Information: Anonymized IDs, handedness, group assignment, SCI details (where applicable)




Stimulation Logs: Protocol type, duration, electrode configuration, session timestamps



7. Ethical Compliance





IRB Approval: University of Texas at Austin (Protocol #2020-03-0073)




ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT05183152




Informed Consent: Obtained from all participants