cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/fe8q-qh09
title: Benthic microbe community taxonomy (DP1.20086.002)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for NEON's benthic bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community composition analysis derived from microbial sampling in wadeable streams. Taxon tables are derived from the 16S and ITS marker gene sequencing data product, NEON.DP1.20280.001. The DNA sequence data are processed using standard bioinformatics software to generate taxonomic data. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.  

Latency: 
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information. 

mct\_sampleMetadata\_16S:  730 

mct\_sampleMetadata \_ITS:  730 

mcc\_taxonTableLabSummary:  7
description: Benthic microbe samples are collected at the same time and location as periphyton (microalgae) samples three times per year in wadeable streams during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer and fall. Samples are collected using aseptic methods using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. Samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). Cobble scrubs are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. Grab samples of sediment (silt, sand) or plant material/epiphyton are collected when appropriate. All samples are frozen on dry ice in the field and are shipped frozen to an analytical facility for DNA sequence analysis using primer sets targeting the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene. Sequence data undergo QAQC and are processed bioinformatically using an in-house pipeline to identify unique sequence variants in the data and to taxonomically identify each sequence variant. Sequence variants, or Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), have been computed across all samples, enabling the comparison across all sites and collection dates. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/9q0x-d873
title: Shortwave and longwave radiation (net radiometer) (DP1.00023.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The four components of net radiation, available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations. Net radiation is the balance between incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation on a horizontal plane at the Earth's surface. This data product provides observations of incoming shortwave, outgoing shortwave, incoming longwave, and outgoing longwave radiation.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Observations of incoming shortwave, outgoing shortwave, incoming longwave, and outgoing longwave radiation are made by a 4-component sensor located at the top of the tower infrastructure as well as on the aquatic met station, while only longwave radiation components are observed in the soil array. Instrumentation: Hukseflux NR01 Net Radiometer
DOI: 10.48443/cers-g575
title: Gauge height (DP1.20267.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Gauge height is the height of the water surface above an established altitude where the stage is zero. The zero level is arbitrary, but is often close to the streambed. Gauge height at stream sites will be related to measurements of stream discharge to formulate stage-discharge rating curves at all NEON stream and river sites. Rating equations will be applied to continuous surface water elevation data in order to calculate continuous stream discharge at all NEON aquatic sites. For additional details, see protocol [NEON.DOC. 001085]( http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001085vD): AOS Protocol and Procedure: Stream Discharge, [NEON.DOC.001646](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001646vC): General AQU Field Metadata Sheet, and [NEON.DOC.001152](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001152vA): Aquatic Sampling Design.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

gag_fieldData:  30
description: Gauge measurements and field metadata are collected at all aquatic sites whenever any other protocol is implemented. For protocols that may be performed in shifts multiple times a day, e.g. fish sampling, there can be multiple gauge records per site per date that cover different time ranges. In total, gauge height is measured several times per month per site. Instrumentation: Oregon Rule Co. staff gauge
DOI: 10.48443/dx8c-sy17
title: Surface water microbe marker gene sequences (DP1.20282.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and 16S and ITS marker gene sequences derived from NEON's surface water microbial sampling. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Queries for the basic data product package will return metadata tables that include laboratory methods and DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing metadata for samples from the queried sites and date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files, which can be used to download the sequences from the NEON data portal. 

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

amc_fieldGenetic:  30

amc_fieldSuperParent:  30

mmg_swDnaExtraction:  240

mmg\_swMarkerGeneSequencing\_16S:  240

mmg\_swMarkerGeneSequencing\_ITS:  240

mmg\_swPcrAmplification\_16S:  240

mmg\_swPcrAmplification\_ITS:  240

mmg_swRawDataFiles: 240

mmg_swMarkerGeneSequencingQA_16S: 240

mmg_swMarkerGeneSequencingQA_ITS: 240

mmg_swPcrAmplificationQA_16S: 240

mmg_swPcrAmplificationQA_ITS: 240
description: Surface water microbe samples are collected at the same time and location as surface water cell count samples and surface water chemistry samples once per month in wadeable streams (12 times per year) and every-other month in lakes and rivers (6 times per year). In wadeable streams, surface water microbe samples are collected near the downstream S2 sensor location. In lakes and rivers, microbial samples are collected near the buoy sensor set at 1 sampling depth in unstratified systems and up to 3 depths in stratified lakes. Surface water grab samples are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. The filters are stored and shipped frozen to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and high-throughput sequence analysis using primer sets targeting the ribosomal RNA gene operon. Laboratory metadata are passed through the NEON automated ingest process for QC testing and are published on the NEON data portal. DNA sequence data undergo QC testing and unique URLs are generated to enable data download. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/c2at-7y65
title: Surface water microbe metagenome sequences (DP1.20281.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and minimally processed sequence data from NEON's surface water microbial shotgun metagenomics sequencing. For details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Queries for the basic data product package will return metadata tables that include field observations and measurements, laboratory methods, and results from DNA extraction, sample preparation, and sequencing for samples from the specified sites and within the specified date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files. 

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mms_swMetagenomeDnaExtraction:  240

mms_swMetagenomeSequencing:  240

mms_swRawDataFiles: 240

fieldSuperParent: 30 days

fieldGenetic: 30 days
description: Surface water metagenomic samples are collected once per year during the approximate period of peak productivity. The metagenomics sampling occurs at the same time and location as surface water chemistry sampling. In wadeable streams, samples are collected near the downstream S2 sensor location. In lakes and rivers, samples are collected near the buoy sensor set at 1 sampling depth in unstratified systems and up to 3 sampling depth(s)in stratified lakes. Surface water grab samples are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. The filters are stored on dry ice in the field, and later are shipped frozen to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Laboratory data are then delivered to NEON, where they undergo QC testing and are published on the NEON Data Portal. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/p75s-7p48
title: Plant phenology observations (DP1.10055.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from in-situ observations of plant leaf development and reproductive phenophases, at each of NEON's terrestrial sites. Phenophase status and intensity definitions follow those of the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN).  Status and intensity data are reported per phenophase per individual or patch, for each day observed. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

phe_perindividual:  30

phe_perindividualperyear:  30

phe_statusintensity:  30

phe_identificationHistory: 7
description: 90-100 individual plants or plant patches are monitored at each site. Individuals of 3 dominant species at each site are targeted for monitoring during initial operations After which the pool of species monitored may expand up to 20 species. Sampling intervals at sites with clear seasonal patterns varies based on plant activitiy, ranging from 2-3x weekly during periods of rapid phenological transition to much less frequently during other times of year. Sites with less defined growing season are monitored year-round at weekly intervals. NEON employs status-based monitoring in which the phenological condition of an individual is reported any time that individual is observed. Depending on the growth form, an individual may have between 1 and 7 phenophases reported per observation event. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/hp56-s582
title: Macroinvertebrate collection (DP1.20120.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's aquatic macroinvertebrate collection and field metadata, as well as associated taxonomic, morphometric, and count analyses data provided by a contracted lab. Benthic field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes three times per year during the growing season using the type of sampler most suitable to the habitat types present at the site. Samples are preserved in ethanol in the field and shipped to a contracting lab for analysis. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, science design, and lab SOPs listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

inv_fieldData:  30

inv_persample:  210

inv_taxonomyProcessed:  210

inv_taxonomyRaw:  210

inv_identificationHistory: 7
description: Benthic macroinvertebrate samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat type, including Surber, Hess, hand corer, modified kicknet, D-frame sweep, and petite ponar samplers. In wadeable streams, samples are collected in the two most dominant habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). In lakes, samples are collected near the buoy, and nearshore sensors using a petite ponar, and in littoral areas using a D-frame sweep. In rivers, samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a petite ponar sampler, and in littoral areas using a D-frame sweep or large-woody debris sampler. Samples are preserved in ethanol in the field, returned to the domain support facility for a preservative change where a small volume of glycerol is added to help keep invertebrates from getting brittle. Samples are shipped to a taxonomy lab for sorting and identification, including count of each taxon per size class (to nearest mm) and identification to lowest practical taxon (genus or species). Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/ts3a-6r26
title: Aquatic plant bryophyte chemical properties (DP1.20063.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, field sampling metadata for aquatic plant and bryophyte carbon and nitrogen analyses. Benthic field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes, and processed at the domain support facility. Aquatic plant and bryophyte chemistry samples are derived from clip harvest samples, collected once per year during the mid-summer aquatic biological sampling bout. Samples are collected from a known benthic area, separated by taxon in the domain support facility, identified when possible, then dried, ground, and shipped to a contracting laboratory for chemical analyses. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
apl_plantExternalLabDataPerSample:  180

apl_biomass:  60

apl_clipHarvest:  60

apl_plantExternalLabQA: 240

asi_externalLabPOMSummaryData:  14
description: Aquatic plant and bryophyte clip harvest sampling is conducted once per year at aquatic sites (during the mid-summer aquatic biology window). Ten samples are collected per site if aquatic vegetation is present. In wadeable streams, clip harvest samples are collected near plant transect locations. In lakes and rivers, ten randomly selected points are sampled at depths that can be colonized by vegetation. These samples are partitioned in the domain support facility into subsamples for chemical analyses of carbon and nitrogen and shipped to an external facility. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/v29j-eg88
title: Precipitation - weighing gauge (DP1.00044.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Precipitation - weighing gauge provides bulk precipitation measured with a weighing gauge collector housed within a small double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR).

Latency: Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Precipitation records are fundamental to understanding water availability in an ecosystem. Bulk precipitation measured using a DFIR and a weighing gauge is known to provide improved results over tipping bucket measurements. This type of measurement assembly is installed at all NEON core terrestrial sites and select aquatic sites. Instrumentation: Belfort AEPG II 600M weighing gauge
DOI: 10.48443/a83h-tb34
title: Small mammal box trapping (DP1.10072.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's small mammal sampling protocol. Small mammal abundance and diversity are sampled at regular intervals by NEON field technicians at core and gradient sites. Here small mammals are defined based on a combination of behavioral, dietary, and size constraints, as the NEON design is limited to species sampled by box traps. This definition includes any mammal that is (1) nonvolant; (2) nocturnally active; (3) forages predominantly aboveground; and (4) is greater than 5 grams but less than approximately 500-600 g. In North America, this includes cricetids, heteromyids, small sciurids, and introduced murids. It does not include shrews, large squirrels, rabbits, or weasels, despite the fact that individuals of these species may be incidentally captured. Products resulting from this sampling include the species identification and unique identifier for each individual captured, as well as a suite of standard size measurements and reproductive condition data. Sample identifiers for any blood, ear, hair, whisker, fecal, and/or voucher samples collected are also provided. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mam_perplotnight:  45

mam_pertrapnight:  45

mam_voucher:  45

mam_identificationHistory: 7

mam_voucherIdentificationHistory: 7
description: Small mammal sampling is based on the lunar calendar, with timing of sampling constrained to occur within 10 days before or after the new moon. Sites are typically, sampled 4 times per year, when season-length allows. Small mammals are sampled using box traps (models LFA, XLK, H.B. Sherman Traps, Inc., Tallahassee, FL, USA). Box traps are arrayed in four to six (depending on the size of the site) 10 x 10 grids with 10m spacing between traps at all sites. Small mammal trapping bouts are comprised of one or three nights of trapping, depending on whether a grid is designated for pathogen sample collection (3 nights) or not (1 night). Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/67fy-5r62
title: Wet deposition chemical analysis (DP1.00013.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's wet deposition protocol. Major ion concentrations, pH, and conductivity are measured in precipitation samples.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

wdp_chemLab:  90

wdp_collection:  30

wdp_collectionChem:  30

wdp_sensor:  30
description: Wet deposition chemistry is sampled in conjunction with stable isotope concentration in precipitation (DP1.00038.001). Samples are collected in a climate controlled wet deposition collector located at the tower top or on the ground near precipitation collectors of terrestrial sites, and at the meteorologic tower of select aquatic sites. The automated assembly detects precipitation with an optical sensor and opens to collect wet deposition during all rain events. Every two weeks samples are retrieved, filtered, and sent for analysis. Instrumentation: N- Con Systems Company Wet Deposition Collector, Manufacture Model No: NEON 00-127-7
DOI: 10.48443/zep0-ej16
title: Specific conductivity in groundwater (DP1.20015.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Specific conductance is a proxy for the level of total dissolved solids in the groundwater and is related to the redox potential. Conductivity may also be used as a tracer of distinct water masses for understanding flow. NEON measures of groundwater conductivity at high temporal resolution. Three to eight wells are installed in the unconfined groundwater layer at most aquatic sites. From NEON groundwater elevation measurements, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow can be calculated, which may be coupled to better understand the exchange between groundwater and surface water. This data product includes continuous quality-controlled groundwater specific conductivity captured every 5 minutes and reported as 5-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Three to eight wells are installed in the unconfined groundwater layer at most aquatic sites. Wells are strategically located near the instream and in-lake sensor sets to effectively capture the interactions between surface water and groundwater within the hyporheic zone. Additional wells may be positioned further out in the floodplain to facilitate calculations of the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow. Instrumentation: In-Situ, inc. - Aqua TROLL 200
DOI: 10.48443/pb6e-mp79
title: fPAR - spectrometer - mosaic (DP3.30014.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) describes the relative quantity of incident solar radiation of relevant photosynthetically active wavelengths (0.4-0.7 microns) absorbed by vegetative material. The fPAR is an important biophysical variable used in the simulation of water, carbon and nutrient cycling due to its relationship with vegetative productivity. Theoretically, if a plant is able to intercept and absorb relevant photosynthetically active wavelengths, this will result in a higher state of productivity, gas exchange and transpiration. The application of this theory is critical in assessments of productivity change through time, and simulation of climate models to predict ecosystems response to climate variability. Level 3  (L3) fPAR is distributed in 1 km by 1 km tiles created by taking the most-nadir pixels from the flight lines acquired in the best weather conditions.

Latency:
AOP data are expected to be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site. Note: Data for airborne collections in 2022 and 2023 are currently being added to the data portal under a new revision number (DP3.30014.002) since they are derived from BRDF corrected reflectance data, so will not be available here. fPAR derived from directional reflectance will still be available for earlier collections (pre 2022) until they are re-processed with all of the latest reflectance corrections.
description: The products supplied include a fPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation) map and fPAR uncertainty map, both in raster format by flight line. The fPAR and uncertainty in fPAR maps are derived from the directional surface reflectance, through the intermediate SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) and LAI (Leaf Area Index) products. Raster maps for fPAR and fPAR uncertainty are reported with horizontal reference to the ITRF00 datum and projected to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) mapping frame. The fPAR is reported as a unit-less value which describes the fraction of absorbed radiation by plant material. The product is distributed in a GeoTIFF format with each file containing one 1 km by 1 km tile, whose corners are spatially referenced to an even kilometer. Filenames contain the coordinate of the lower left (south west) corner of the tile. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) Imaging Spectrometer (NIS) - NASA/JPL AVIRIS-NG