cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000224
title: Mean of Minimum Temperature for Near Future (2046-2065)

description: Model Run: Near future (2046 - 2065) (Near future (2046 - 2065)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000242
title: Root Mean square difference in percentage (%) between the nine ensemble member change anomalies for the annual total rainfall projected for 2036 - 2065 under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Root Mean square difference in percentage (%) between the nine ensemble member change anomalies for the annual total rainfall projected for 2036 - 2065 under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of annual change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.cuctg9/wbny7d
title: 7-Magally Morales Ramírez.pptx

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.cuctg9
title: Presentaciones de las Coordinaciones Nacionales - Colección SciELO Costa Rica

description: Presentación de Magally Morales Ramírez en el panel Presentaciones de las Coordinaciones Nacionales de la Semana SciELO 25 Años. Página del evento: https://25.scielo.org/es
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000105
title: Seasonal total rainfall (mm per 3-month season) change from the median projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for MAM season under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (MAM) rainfall (mm per month) change from the median projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000125
title: Annual mean near-surface (2m) temperature (°C) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Annual mean near-surface (2m) temperature (°C) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily temperature averages, which are used to generate projections of annual change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000253
title: Saturated Vapour Pressure (kPa) March

description: The average energy of the molecules in a liquid such as water is governed by temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the average energy. Some molecules have higher energies than the average, and if they are on the surface of the liquid, can move fast enough to escape the inter-molecular attractive forces holding the liquid together. They then evaporate from the surface of the liquid. This process can continue until the space above the liquid is saturated with water molecules. Equilibrium is then reached with as many molecules leaving the surface of water as are re-entering it. At this point the pressure exerted by that vapour is called the saturated vapour pressure. The symbol used for saturated vapour pressure is ea and the unit of pressure is kPa. Since the molecular kinetic energy is greater at higher temperature, more molecules can escape the surface and the saturated vapour pressure is correspondingly higher. This relationship is illustrated in the shaded box.

Daily values of saturated vapour pressure were computed from the 50 year daily time series of temperature generated for South Africa at each one of 429 700 raster points at one arc minute interval, using techniques developed by Schulze and Maharaj (2004).
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000225
title: Pinus patula Growth Areas and Yield Estimation

description: Of the three major species of pines grown commercially in South Africa, viz. Pinus taeda, P. elliottii and P. patula, the latter is in many respects the least tolerant of the three. For optimal growth, Pinus patula requires a MAP > 950 mm. Mean annual temperatures should ideally be > 13 degree Celsius but < 18 degree Celsius. P. patula is highly susceptible to Sphaeropsis sapinea after hail damage (Smith, 1998). It is, however, least prone to damage by snow because of the hanging nature of its needles. Pinus patula generally require a minimum soil depth of 0.7 m, but this can be relaxed to 0.6 m when clay content exceeds 35 percent.

Climatically optimum growth areas for Pinus patula have been defined in the ICFR`s Forestry Toolbox (Kunz, 2004), by mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT). This figure also shows the climatic conditions under which sub-optimum growth would take place because conditions may be too cold and snow may cause damage, or too dry with either occasional or more frequent droughts occurring, or because the trees may become diseased under hot and wet conditions. Optimum and sub-optimum growth areas of P. patula were mapped by applying these criteria to the one arc minute (1` x 1` of a degree latitude/longitude) databases of MAP (Lynch, 2004) and MAT (Schulze and Maharaj, 2004) for South Africa.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000077
title: Seasonal total rainfall (mm per 3-month season) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for DJF season under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (DJF) rainfall (mm per month) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.0r7mur/iaaqkh
title: 2-Robinson Zapata.pptx

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.0r7mur
title: Los que hacemos Plataformas de acceso abierto – Metadatos - LA Referencia Más que una Red Latinoamericana de repositorios de Acceso Abierto

description: Presentación de Robinson Zapata Pino en el panel Los que hacemos Plataformas de acceso abierto – Metadatos de la Semana SciELO 25 Años. Página del evento: https://25.scielo.org/es
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.fynbos.18022022
title: Spaarveld Farm rainfall data

description: Daily and monthly rainfall data from Spaarveld Plaas, near Senekal, Free State. Collected using a standard rain gauge. Monthly data was recorded between 1925-01-01 and 2013-02-18. Daily data was recorded from 1980-01-01 to 1995-12-31 and 2003-01-01 to 2013-02-18. This record forms part of a collection of historical rainfall data submitted to SAEON. The data were generated by farmers on a voluntary basis and have been published as submitted.
DOI: 10.15493/dea.carbon.10000119
title: Total carbon per land unit for 2018 in t/ha

description: Total carbon per land unit includes the soil organic carbon as calculated from ISRIC soil data as well as the carbon computed from  biomass for the herbaceous, woody and litter vegetation components. SANLC2018 was used to allocated the total carbon proportionally to different land cover classes.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000270
title: Root Mean Square Difference in percentage (%) between the nine ensemble member change anomalies of the seasonal percentage rainfall for the median for 2036 - 2065 relative to 1976-2005, for the MAM season, under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Root Mean Square Difference in percentage (%) between the nine ensemble member change anomalies of the seasonal percentage rainfall for the median for 2036 - 2065 relative to 1976-2005, for the MAM season, under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000039
title: Climatically Suitable Growth Areas for Eucalyptus fraxinoides

description: Fast growing, medium to tall and low maintenance species which is tolerant of low moisture conditions found in areas with MAP as low as 150 mm, Eucalyptus fraxinoides is native to the coastal ranges/escarpments of southeastern New South Wales and Victoria in Australia (CSIRO, 2005). It grows optimally in quite a narrow band of MATs between 14 and 16 degree Celsius (Kunz, 2004). Eucalyptus fraxinoides, the timber of which is used in construction and flooring (CSIRO, 2005), grows optimally with MAP > 750 mm, but is prone to pest and disease attacks at high temperatures (Kunz, 2004).
DOI: 10.15493/nccis.data.10000053
title: Projected changes in annual mean temperature (°C) under RCP 4.5 for the 2080-2099 time period based on the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M)

description: The analyses of future climate change over South Africa as described in the Third National Communication, are from the projections of the Coupled Global Climate Models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Assessment Report (AR) 5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These projections are used to inform on the uncertainty range of the large-scale climate change futures over the southern African region. At the Council for Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR), a dynamic regional climate model CCAM (conformal-cubic atmospheric model) of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) was used to downscale CMIP5 CGCM projections to 50 km resolution over Africa. These downscalings were for both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 of AR5 of the IPCC. RCP 4.5 describes a future with relatively ambitious emission reductions whereas RCP 8.5 describes a future with no reductions in emissions. Emissions in RCP 4.5 peak around 2040, then decline and in RCP 8.5 emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st century. The change in temperature is expressed as an anomaly, the difference between the average climate over a period of the last several decades (1971-2000), and the projected climate (short to medium term 2021 to 2050). The simulations were performed on supercomputers of the CSIRO and on the Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC) of the Meraka Institute of the CSIR in South Africa.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000088
title: Root Mean Square Difference between the nine ensemble member change anomalies of the seasonal total rainfall for the median for 2036 - 2065 relative to 1976-2005, for the JJA season, under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Root Mean Square Difference for seasonal (JJA) rainfall (mm per month) change from the median projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.energy.10000010
title: Ruggedness Index - Northern Cape

description: Purpose: 
This data set was created for the WASA project and the Department of Energy, South Africa. The wind resource maps were designed specifically for inclusion in GIS-based strategic environmental assessments (SEA) for wind power in Western Cape and parts of Northern and Eastern Cape.

Methodology:
Reference is made to the information and documentation available from www.wasaproject.info and www.wasa.csir.co.za.

Limitations:
The data set is limited by the operational envelopes of the wind atlas methodology and the WAsP models. The accuracy depends on a) the accuracy of the VNWA, which has been verified against the data from 10 WASA measurement masts, b) the WAsP microscale modelling and c) the input topographical data.

In complex terrain (RIX > 5%), the wind resources may be significantly over-estimated by the WAsP microscale modelling. Above and close to built-up areas like cities, towns and villages, the results are less reliable. Close to and above forested areas, the results are also less reliable and should be interpreted and used accordingly.

The data set was designed specifically for planning purposes and should be used with utmost care for design, development and detailed assessments of actual wind farms; where local, on-site measurements are strongly recommended. The wind resource maps are subject to change without notice if and when more accurate and reliable data, models and procedures become available.

Available documentation:
The wind atlas methodology is described in the European Wind Atlas (1989); the application of WAsP in the program documentation, see www.wasp.dk. The Verified Numerical Wind Atlas for South Africa is a product of the Wind Atlas for South Africa project and is described further on the WASA download pages http://wasadata.csir.co.za/wasa1/WASAData.

Acknowledgements:
WASA project for Frogfoot application and provision of wind-climatological and topographical data. WAsP development teams at DTU Wind Energy and World in a Box Oy for Frogfoot development.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000257
title: Maximum of Minimum Temperature for Current Climate (1950-1999)

description: Model Run: Control - Current Climate (Observed/current climate as modelled by climate model). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/nccis.data.10000004
title: Linear trend in the daytime coolest temperature (1931-2015) expressed as deg C and defined as the minimum value of maximum temperature (TX).

description: An updated analysis of trends in South African temperatures is presented in The Third National Communication (TNC) to UNFCCC published in 2018. The analysis builds on the studies of Kruger & Sekele (2012) and Mackellar et al. (2014). 

A total of 27 weather stations was used for for temperature trends analysis spanning the period 1931-2015. Apart from the trends in the annual mean minimum, maximum and average temperatures, and average diurnal temperature range, the analyses also includes the determination of trends in extreme temperatures, of which the indices considered are based on those developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) (Wang and Feng, 2013).  The base period, from which the annual index values of all indices are determined (except the annual maxima and minima) was selected as 1981 – 2010, which can be considered to be the present general norm for similar trend studies. The trends were tested for significance at the 95% confidence level.

The analysis demonstrates that, South Africa has been warming significantly over the period 1931-2015. Over the western parts of the country, including much of the Western and Northern Cape, and also in the east over Gauteng, Limpopo and the east coast of KwaZulu-Natal, the observed rate of warming has been 2 °C/century or even higher – in the order of twice the global rate of temperature increase.  Associated increases in the annual number of hot days have also occurred, but there have been decreases in the annual number of cold nights over most of the country.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000189
title: Positive Chill Units - July

description: Certain biennial plants which have a dormant (i.e. rest) season during winter may require a period of accumulated minimum temperatures below a threshold in order to stimulate growth, develop leaves, flower or set fruit. Deciduous trees, for example, need a certain period of winter chilling for completion of their seasonal dormancy. Insufficient winter chilling may result in delayed foliation, reduced fruit set (including fruits remaining small and being misshapen as they ripen) and reduced fruit quality (including reduced firmness, and/or greener fruit coloration). The required amount of chilling for completion of the rest period varies between species, cultivars and different locations. Many chill accumulation models have been formulated, most of them requiring hourly temperatures to have either been observed or estimated. The Linsley-Noakes PCU model was used to produce maps of chill units in this Atlas. The techniques by which PCUs were computed and then mapped are described in the shaded sections which follow.

Derivation of hourly values of temperature for the determination of PCUs hourly values of temperature were determined from the 50 year time series of daily maximum and minimum temperatures generated at each of the 429 700 raster points covering South Africa, using the techniques described by Schulze and Maharaj (2004). For each daytime and night-time cycle the sine-log equations derived by Linsley-Noakes et al. (1995) were employed. In these equations the estimation of hourly temperatures is based on the observation that the daytime solar cycle follows a sine curve from sunrise to sunset, whereas night-time cooling may be described by a logarithmic equation.
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.wc6lk7/0b6i8b
title: 6-María Soledad Bravo-Marchant.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.wc6lk7
title: Presentaciones de las Coordinaciones Nacionales - Vigésimo quinto Aniversario Red SciELO - Nodo Chile

description: Presentación de María Soledad Bravo-Marchant en el panel Presentaciones de las Coordinaciones Nacionales de la Semana SciELO 25 Años. Página del evento: https://25.scielo.org/es
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000049
title: Frequency of Frost Occurrences

description: Neither the median dates of first and last frosts nor the median duration of the frost period give any indications on the number of years within the 50 year time series of temperature values used in the study (Schulze and Maharaj, 2004) in which frost actually occurred, nor on the number of frost occurrences within a year, nor on the variability of frost occurrences from year to year.

In the mapping statistics of frost over South Africa, the temperature database used in this study contained quality controlled time series of daily maximum and minimum temperatures from > 970 qualifying temperature stations, the records of which had been infilled and extended (where necessary) to a common 50 year time period 1950 - 1999 by techniques described in Schulze and Maharaj (2004). These daily station records were then used with regionally and seasonally determined temperature lapse rates to generate 50 years of daily maximum and minimum temperatures at each of 429 700 one arc minute (1.7 x 1.7 km) raster points covering the RSA, Lesotho and Swaziland. At each raster point a minimum temperature of ≤ 0 degree Celsius in the 50 year daily time series was designated a `heavy frost day`. Any raster point where < 5 years out of the 50 had experienced least one heavy frost day that point was deemed to be `frost free`.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.dws.10000010
title: River profile classification Catchment G

description: Longitudinal slope profiles derived for all 1:500 000 rivers of South Africa, including cross-border catchments extending into neighbouring countries. River main stems are identified by a unique reach number (REACHNUM) within each primary catchment.