DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr7r
title: Gender and age-related differences of ccular biometric parameters in patients undergoing cataract surgery in Bosnia and Herzegovina

description: Purpose: To determine the distribution and mutual relationship of ocular
 biometric parameters, as well as to evaluate gender- and age-related
 differences in patients undergoing cataract surgery in Bosnia and
 Herzegovina. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional
 study of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery between
 January 2017 and December 2021 in a tertiary care clinic. All biometric
 measurements were performed using the optical biometer OA-2000 (Tomey,
 Nagoya, Japan). Results: The study evaluated 1278 eyes from 1278
 consecutive cataract patients. The average age of all included patients
 was 69.4 ± 9.98 (range 40–96). A total of 672 eyes (52.58%) were from
 females. The mean axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens
 thickness (LT), and mean keratometry were 23.46±1.18mm, 3.17±0.40mm,
 4.54±0.48mm, 43.42±1.55D respectively. Corneal astigmatism of ≥1D,
 &gt;2D and &gt;3D was found in 33.4%, 7.8% and 2.5% patients,
 respectively. Females were found to have shorter AL (p&lt;0.0001),
 shallower ACD (p&lt;0.0001) and steeper corneas (p&lt;0.0001). In
 both genders, AL, ACD and with-the-rule astigmatism showed a decreasing
 trend (p=0.0001), while keratometry, the average cylinder, and
 against-the-rule astigmatism showed an increasing trend (p=0.0001) with
 increasing age. Furthermore, in both genders, there was an increasing
 trend in ACD (p=0.0001), and a decreasing trend in keratometry (p=0.0001)
 and LT (p=0.0001) with increasing AL. Conclusions: This study provides
 useful reference data on ocular biometry for cataract surgeons in Bosnia
 and Herzegovina. Female patients tend to have steeper corneas, shorter AL
 and shallower AC than males, and these differences are independent of age
 or AL.
description: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the eyes of
 1278 consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery in a private
 tertiary care clinic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January 1, 2017,
 and December 31, 2021. All included patients were citizens of Bosnia and
 Herzegovina and belong to different ethnic groups. However, there is no
 major genetic difference between three major ethnic groups in Bosnia and
 Herzegovina, (Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs, and Bosnian Croats), indicating
 that they present the same gene pool. Furthermore, the human population of
 Bosnia and Herzegovina is closely related to other populations in the
 Balkans. In patients who underwent surgery on both eyes, we used data for
 the right eye only. The current study was approved by the institution’s
 Ethics Committee (Approval number: 01-1-2022). Informed consent was
 obtained from all patients included in the study at the time of cataract
 surgery, and the study was conducted according to the Declarations of
 Helsinki. All biometric measurements were performed
 using the optical biometer OA-2000 (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). For
 measurements of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens
 thickness (LT), it uses swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)
 with a laser wavelength of 1060 nm. It is capable of simultaneously
 measuring corneal curvature by Placido-disc–based topography techniques
 with 9 rings each 256 points in a 5.5 mm zone projected onto the cornea.
 For measurement, all subjects were asked to sit in front of the
 instrument, place their chin in the chinrest, focus on a target, blink
 completely and keep their eyes wide open without blinking during scanning.
 The device performs the measurements automatically without the need for
 realignment. Corneal astigmatism was designated as
 against-the-rule (ATR) when the axis of correcting minus cylinder was
 within 30° of the vertical 90° meridian, with-the-rule (WTR) when the
 correcting minus cylinder axis was within 30° of the horizontal 180°
 meridian, and oblique (OBQ) if it was neither ATR nor WTR orientation.
 Based on AL all eyes were stratified into 3 groups: shorter than 22.0mm,
 22–24.5mm, and longer than 24.5mm. Age was stratified into 5 groups:
 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥ 80 years of age.
 After biometry, all patients underwent a complete ophthalmic
 examination, including visual acuity testing with Snellen charts,
 tonometry, detailed slit lamp biomicroscopy, pupillary reaction, and
 fundoscopy. The inclusion criteria for the current study were the presence
 of cataract and the age of 40 years or older. The exclusion criteria were
 dense cataracts that interfered with biometric measurement, ocular surface
 disorders, previous corneal or intraocular surgery, and a history of
 intraocular inflammation and penetrating eye trauma.
 Continuous variables were tested for normality using the
 Shapiro-Wilk test and presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) or, if
 strongly skewed, additionally as medians and interquartile range (IQR).
 Differences between continuous variables among different groups were
 tested using the t-test if normally distributed, while the non-parametric
 Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used for non-normally distributed
 variables. Binary and categorical variables are reported as absolute
 numbers and percentages and are tested for differences using the
 chi-square test. A rank-based nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was
 applied to determine differences between more than two groups of an
 independent variable in continuous dependent variables. The correlation
 was estimated using the pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient. All
 analyses were performed with Stata version 15.1 (StataCorp, College
 Station, Texas, USA). The significance level for hypothesis testing was
 set at 0.05.
description: **GENERAL INFORMATION** 1. **Title of Dataset:** GENDER AND AGE-RELATED
 DIFFERENCES OF OCULAR BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATARACT
 SURGERY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 2. **Author Information** A. Principal
 Investigator Contact Information Name: Edita Zvorničanin Institution:
 Private Healthcare Institution Vase zdravlje, Tuzla, Bosnia and
 Herzegovina Address: Ulica Ismeta Mujezinovića br 27, 75000 Tuzla, B&H
 Email:                   B.
 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Zoran Vatavuk
 Institution: Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Centre
 "Sestre milosrdnice," Eye Clinic Cancer, Zagreb Croatia Address:
 Vinogradska cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb Email:  
 B. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name:  Maja Popović
 Institution:  Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences,
 University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte Address: Via Santena 7, Turin 10125,
 Italy Email:   B. Associate or
 Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Jasmin Zvorničanin Institution:
 Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla,
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1. **Date of data collection:**    1st January 2017
 to 31st December 2021. 2. **Geographic location of data collection:**
 Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. **Information about funding
 sources that supported the collection of the data:** No funding was
 received for this research. **SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION** 4.
 **Licenses/restrictions placed on the data:** NONE 5. **Links to
 publications that cite or use the data:** In review 6. **Links to other
 publicly accessible locations of the data:** NONE. 7.
 **Links/relationships to ancillary data sets:** NONE. 8. **Was data
 derived from another source?** NO. 9. **Recommended citation for this
 dataset:** Zvorničanin, Edita; Vatavuk, Zoran; Popović, Maja; Zvornicanin,
 Jasmin (Forthcoming 2023). Gender and Age-Related Differences of Ocular
 Biometric Parameters in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery in Bosnia and
 Herzegovina [Dataset]. Dryad.
 **DATA & FILE
 OVERVIEW** 1. **File List:**
 Gender_and_Age_Related_Differences_of_Ocular_Biometric_Parameters 2.
 **Relationship between files, if important:** NONE. 3. **Additional
 related data collected that was not included in the current data
 package:**         NONE. 4. **Are there multiple versions of the
 dataset?**                   NO.             A. If yes, name of file(s)
 that was updated:                         i. Why was the file updated?
                         ii. When was the file updated? **METHODOLOGICAL
 INFORMATION** 1. **Description of methods used for collection/generation
 of data:** All biometric measurements were performed using the optical
 biometer OA-2000 (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). For measurements of axial length
 (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT), it uses
 swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with a laser wavelength
 of 1060 nm.24 It is capable of simultaneously measuring corneal curvature
 by Placido-disc–based topography techniques with 9 rings each 256 points
 in a 5.5 mm zone projected onto the cornea.25 For measurement, all
 subjects were asked to sit in front of the instrument, place their chin in
 the chinrest, focus on a target, blink completely and keep eyes wide open
 without blinking during scanning. The device performs the measurements
 automatically without the need for realignment. Corneal astigmatism was
 designated as against-the-rule (ATR) when the axis of correcting minus
 cylinder was within 30° of the vertical 90° meridian, with-the-rule (WTR)
 when the correcting minus cylinder axis was within 30° of the horizontal
 180° meridian, and oblique (OBQ) if it was neither ATR nor WTR
 orientation. Based on AL all eyes were stratified into 3 groups: shorter
 than 22.0mm, 22-24.5mm, and longer than 24.5mm.12 Age was stratified into
 5 groups: 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years of age.8,19 After
 biometry, all patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination,
 including visual acuity testing with Snellen charts, tonometry, detailed
 slit lamp biomicroscopy, pupillary reaction, and fundoscopy. The inclusion
 criteria for the current study were the presence of cataract and the age
 of 40 years or older. The exclusion criteria were dense cataracts that
 interfered with biometric measurement, ocular surface disorders, previous
 corneal or intraocular surgery, and a history of intraocular inflammation
 and penetrating eye trauma. 2. **Methods for processing the data:**
 Continuous variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test
 and presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) or, if strongly skewed,
 additionally as medians and interquartile range (IQR). Differences between
 continuous variables among different groups were tested using the t-test
 if normally distributed, while the non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney
 test was used for non-normally distributed variables. Binary and
 categorical variables are reported as absolute numbers and percentages and
 are tested for differences using the chi-square test. A rank-based
 nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine differences
 between more than two groups of an independent variable in continuous
 dependent variables. The correlation was estimated using the pairwise
 Pearson correlation coefficient. All analyses were performed with Stata
 version 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). The significance
 level for hypothesis testing was set at 0.05. 3. **Instrument- or
 software-specific information needed to interpret the data:** The data
 were analyzed using Stata Statistical Software, version 15.1 (StataCorp
 LP, College Station, Texas, USA). 4. **Standards and calibration
 information, if appropriate:** NONE. 5. **Environmental/experimental
 conditions:** NONE. 6. **Describe any quality-assurance procedures
 performed on the data:** All data was double checked when data was
 acquired and entered in excel file. 7. **People involved with sample
 collection, processing, analysis and/or submission:** Edita Zvorničanin,
 Zoran Vatavuk, Maja Popović and Jasmin Zvorničanin **DATA-SPECIFIC
 INFORMATION FOR:**
 [Gender_and_Age_Related_Differences_of_Ocular_Biometric_Parameters] 1.
 **Number of variables:**       18 2. **Number of cases/rows:**     1278 3.
 **Variable List:** * Age - age of included patients at the time of the
 surgery. * age_category - Patients were grouped into 5 groups: 40-49,
 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years of age. * Sex - Male (1) or Female
 (0). * Side - Right or Left. * K1 - measured curvature of the steep
 corneal meridian in D. * K2 - measured curvature of the flat corneal
 meridian in D. * AvgK - average measured corneal curvature in D. * Cyl -
 corneal astigmatism measured in D. * Astaxxcyl - corneal astigmatism
 angle. * Asttype - According to the corneal astigmatism angle, the data
 were classified into three groups: WTR - with the rule, ATR - against the
 rule and OBQ - oblique. * Axial - axial length of operated eye measured in
 millimeters. * Axial_category - Patients were grouped into two groups
 based on the axial length:  &lt;22.0 mm, 22.0-24.5mm and &gt;24.5 mm. *
 Acd - anterior chamber depth of operated eye measured in millimeters. *
 Lens - Lens thickness of operated eye measured in millimeters. * Ioliq -
 dioptric power of theoretical intraocular lens planned for the surgery. *
 ast_1D - measured astigmatism greater than 1D. * ast_2D - measured
 astigmatism greater than 2D. * ast_3D - measured astigmatism greater than
 3D. 1. **Missing data codes:** NONE 2. **Specialized formats or other
 abbreviations used:** NONE