cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279475
title: Active Learning Methodologies: Challenges for Professors of Two Medical Schools in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

description: Abstract: Introduction: The 2014 curricular guidelines for medical courses in Brazil aim to train humanist, critic, reflexive and ethic general practitioners, able to work at different levels of health care, primarily based within the National Unified Health System scope. To achieve this goal, higher education institutions must adopt educational technologies such as active learning methodologies, which encourage students to seek and build their own knowledge. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by Public Health teachers from two medical courses in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in the use of Active Learning Methodologies. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative research with a comparative case study approach, and the subjects comprised teachers of the abovementioned discipline in both universities. The information was collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and semi-directed observation. The findings were assessed using thematic analysis and the questionnaire data were tabulated to assess its frequency. Result: The main findings were the understanding, on the part of the teachers, of the relevance of active methodologies in the teaching pedagogical processes, the difficulty of including them due to the lack of preparation, and the understanding of the need for the active teaching methodologies to guide the pedagogical project. Conclusion: It is concluded that the universities should be encouraged to build a continuing education project for the teaching staff in which these methodologies are assumed as the main point in the teaching practice, also contributing to reflect on the established training model, as well as to rethink the organization of the political pedagogical project of medical courses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279476
title: Association between Empathy and Personality in Medical Students

description: Abstract: Introduction: Empathy is a valuable attribute for a physician, as it positively influences the doctor-patient relationship. Previous studies indicate that there is a correlation between personality and empathy in medical students, but there is no data available in the Brazilian literature so far. This study aimed to analyze the empathy and personality traits of Brazilian medical students, and investigate their association. Methods: First year medical students from the 2015 and 2017 cohorts had their empathy and personality traits evaluated by two instruments using the following scales, respectively: Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Students version (JSE-S) and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). A descriptive analysis comprised mean, minimum and maximum scores, correlation coefficients and linear regression of personality and empathy. Results: 164 (96.4%) students completed the surveys, and 50.5% were women. The mean global score of the JSE-S was 117.6 ± 10.9; stratification by gender showed scores of 119.5 ± 10.5 and 115.7 ± 11.0, respectively in women and men (p&lt;0.01). In the NEO-FFI, the domain of ‘conscientiousness’ had the highest global mean (29.1 ± 3.8) and ‘neuroticism’, the lowest (21.7 ± 4.7). In women, the highest mean was observed in ‘conscientiousness’ (29.4 ± 3.8) and the lowest in ‘open to new experiences’ (20.6 ± 3.3). In men, the highest and the lowest scores were respectively in the domains ‘conscientiousness’ (29.4 ± 3.9) and ‘neuroticism’ (21.6 ± 4.2). There was a significant difference between men and women in the global score of the JSE-S, and in the personality domains of ‘open to new experiences’ and ‘socialization’. Correlations between empathy and personality were found to be weak and not statistically relevant. Conclusion: The personality traits differed between men and women, but there was no significant correlation between empathy and personality among medical students enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Further investigations are needed to examine how empathy and personality modulate during medical studies using longitudinal approaches.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279473.v1
title: Feedback Challenges in the Formative Assessment of the Interinstitutional Program of Teaching-Service-Community Interaction: the Students’ Perspective

description: Abstract: Introduction: This present study assesses the use of the feedback mechanism in the formative assessment during medical training, considering this instrument is of great importance for this training stimulation, which is based on active teaching methodologies. The study aims to characterize the application of this tool and to identify possible failures in its application in the daily routine of the PINESC module in the Anhanguera University (Uniderp) medical course. Method: This is a quantitative, sectional research, including students from the first to the eighth semesters of the medical course, attending the PINESC longitudinal module. In the data collection, a questionnaire was used with questions related to the formative assessment performed by the preceptors, which is reported to the students according to the sample calculation. The feedback is the core activity of the formative assessment and allows the development of reflective and self-evaluation capacities and the development of skills. However, the use of feedback still faces barriers, mainly due to the difficulty of the evaluators in listing negative points and capabilities of the evaluated individuals. Result: In this study, some shortcomings and positive points were reported regarding the application process of this tool, listing and suggesting improvements for a better use of feedback and thus a more favorable academic achievement. Conclusion: In conclusion, as the basis of formative evaluation, the feedback still shows many weaknesses regarding its form and application.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279474.v1
title: The Use of Clinical PBL in Primary Care in Undergraduate Medical Schools

description: Abstract: Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a collaborative student-centered learning method for small groups, based on the mobilization of previous knowledge and on critical reasoning for problem solving. Although it has been used predominantly in the classroom, when applied in clinical studies, PBL can increase the intrinsic motivation and long-term knowledge retention. In addition, Clinical PBL represents a more effective option to learn from practice considering the students’ overload in clinical clerkships in the Unified Health System (UHS). This study aimed to assess the students’ perception of a Clinical PBL model implemented in Primary Health Care (PHC) clerkships during the first four years of the Medical Course at the University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP) in 2017. Method: The primary outcome was assessed by the DREEM (Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure) tool, which contains 50 items distributed in five dimensions. The questionnaire was applied to 374 medical students, corresponding to 78% of the total number of medical students from the first to the fourth year. Results: For most of the evaluated items, the students’ perceptions were “positive”, including the dimensions “Perception of Teachers”, “Perception of Academic Results” and “Perception of the General Environment”. For the dimensions “Perception of Learning” and “Perception of Social Relationships” the evaluation was “more positive than negative”. The DREEM total score was 124.31, corresponding to 62.15% of the maximum score, which indicates a perception that is “more positive than negative” regarding the Clinical PBL. The internal consistency given by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92. Conclusion: The use of Clinical PBL in PHC qualifies learning from practice, is well accepted by medical students and offers a useful option to the students’ overload in the clinical clerkship during the first four years of the Medical School.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279477
title: Development and Validation of a Smartphone Application for Orthopedic Residency Education

description: Abstract: Introduction: Mobile learning offers several benefits, such as new learning environments. We developed and validated a smartphone application for orthopedics and traumatology residents in an attempt to assist their study and, consequently, pass the Board of Orthopedics and Traumatology Exam. Methods: quantitative study, aimed at the validation of a mobile application. It was developed for the iOS® and Android® platforms, in the Portuguese language, and free of charge. 132 participants, divided into three groups, used the tool. A validated questionnaire - System SUS Scale (SUS) - and a questionnaire created by the authors (properly validated) were used to assess the practicality and viability of the application as a learning tool. The mode, the absolute frequency and the percentage of the studied variables were crossed by Fisher's test or Pearson's chi-square test. Results: of the 132 participants, 55.3% have iOS®. All participants said they had already used an application on their smartphones, whereas 6 (4.5%) mentioned never having used applications for academic purposes (p value &lt;0.001). 100% said it was a useful technology in the resident's theoretical development. 124 (93.9%) agreed it was an auxiliary learning method for orthopedic doctors in general. An average SUS score of 84.2 (SD 10.8) was obtained with a margin of error of 1.9. The SUS score varied between 82.4 and 86.1 (95% CI). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.797. Conclusion: the developed application was successful in the tests performed and can be an alternative in medical education in the orthopedic area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279476.v1
title: Association between Empathy and Personality in Medical Students

description: Abstract: Introduction: Empathy is a valuable attribute for a physician, as it positively influences the doctor-patient relationship. Previous studies indicate that there is a correlation between personality and empathy in medical students, but there is no data available in the Brazilian literature so far. This study aimed to analyze the empathy and personality traits of Brazilian medical students, and investigate their association. Methods: First year medical students from the 2015 and 2017 cohorts had their empathy and personality traits evaluated by two instruments using the following scales, respectively: Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Students version (JSE-S) and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). A descriptive analysis comprised mean, minimum and maximum scores, correlation coefficients and linear regression of personality and empathy. Results: 164 (96.4%) students completed the surveys, and 50.5% were women. The mean global score of the JSE-S was 117.6 ± 10.9; stratification by gender showed scores of 119.5 ± 10.5 and 115.7 ± 11.0, respectively in women and men (p&lt;0.01). In the NEO-FFI, the domain of ‘conscientiousness’ had the highest global mean (29.1 ± 3.8) and ‘neuroticism’, the lowest (21.7 ± 4.7). In women, the highest mean was observed in ‘conscientiousness’ (29.4 ± 3.8) and the lowest in ‘open to new experiences’ (20.6 ± 3.3). In men, the highest and the lowest scores were respectively in the domains ‘conscientiousness’ (29.4 ± 3.9) and ‘neuroticism’ (21.6 ± 4.2). There was a significant difference between men and women in the global score of the JSE-S, and in the personality domains of ‘open to new experiences’ and ‘socialization’. Correlations between empathy and personality were found to be weak and not statistically relevant. Conclusion: The personality traits differed between men and women, but there was no significant correlation between empathy and personality among medical students enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Further investigations are needed to examine how empathy and personality modulate during medical studies using longitudinal approaches.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279479
title: Depressive Symptoms in Medical Students and Their Association with Hormonal and Socioeconomic Variables

description: Abstract: Introduction: Depression disables and compromises quality of life, so that its high prevalence in medical students is a relevant problem. It is known that hormonal variables, such as cortisolemia, as well as socioeconomic factors can be related to the onset of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of depressive symptoms in medical students at a University Center in Maceió and analyze their correlation with serum cortisol levels, lifestyle and socioeconomic profile. Method: Quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study of medical students from a private medical school in Maceió. A sample of 122 students participated in the study, which applied the Beck Depression Inventory, socioeconomic questionnaire and serum cortisol dosage. Results: Of the 78 women and 44 men participating in the study, 40 cases of depressive symptoms were identified (32.9%), of which 3 cases had severe depressive symptoms (2.5%), 9 cases had moderate depressive symptoms (7.4%) and 28 had mild depressive symptoms (23.0%). As for the cortisol levels, the mean value obtained was 12.72 µg/dL, with a maximum and minimum value of 29.7 µg/dL and 0.9 µg/dL, respectively. No correlation was found between depressive symptoms and morning serum cortisol levels in this study. Among the explanatory variables analyzed, only religion attained a statistically significant correlation with depressive symptoms, with a prevalence of higher scores in students who did not have a religion. Conclusion: It can be emphasized that there is a high prevalence of depression among medical students. The results obtained in this study show that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration is not the only etiology associated with the development of depression. In turn, religious practice showed to be statistically significant in relation to the lowest rate of depressive symptoms, revealing itself as a probable protective factor against the development of depression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279479.v1
title: Depressive Symptoms in Medical Students and Their Association with Hormonal and Socioeconomic Variables

description: Abstract: Introduction: Depression disables and compromises quality of life, so that its high prevalence in medical students is a relevant problem. It is known that hormonal variables, such as cortisolemia, as well as socioeconomic factors can be related to the onset of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of depressive symptoms in medical students at a University Center in Maceió and analyze their correlation with serum cortisol levels, lifestyle and socioeconomic profile. Method: Quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study of medical students from a private medical school in Maceió. A sample of 122 students participated in the study, which applied the Beck Depression Inventory, socioeconomic questionnaire and serum cortisol dosage. Results: Of the 78 women and 44 men participating in the study, 40 cases of depressive symptoms were identified (32.9%), of which 3 cases had severe depressive symptoms (2.5%), 9 cases had moderate depressive symptoms (7.4%) and 28 had mild depressive symptoms (23.0%). As for the cortisol levels, the mean value obtained was 12.72 µg/dL, with a maximum and minimum value of 29.7 µg/dL and 0.9 µg/dL, respectively. No correlation was found between depressive symptoms and morning serum cortisol levels in this study. Among the explanatory variables analyzed, only religion attained a statistically significant correlation with depressive symptoms, with a prevalence of higher scores in students who did not have a religion. Conclusion: It can be emphasized that there is a high prevalence of depression among medical students. The results obtained in this study show that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration is not the only etiology associated with the development of depression. In turn, religious practice showed to be statistically significant in relation to the lowest rate of depressive symptoms, revealing itself as a probable protective factor against the development of depression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279482
title: Human Resources Training in the Area of Health and Implementation of the SUS: Analysis of a University Municipality and Macro-Regional Reference

description: Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this article was to discuss the training of human resources for the health sector in a municipality with major university student presence. The municipality is also a macro-regional reference in health care, in view of the role it plays in health service provision and health professional training for the implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS). Method: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study, derived from sources INEP, MEC, CNES and DATASUS. The offer of twelve undergraduate health courses was analyzed. Result: The study showed the growth in the offer of health services and health courses, with substantial participation of private higher education institutions, with emphasis on nursing and medicine courses. These courses may be associated with employability in the health sector in function of important public policies implemented in the SUS. Conclusion: The increased training of human resources for the sector is also related to comprehensive care provided through the SUS, which requires permanent training of human resources, since despite the increasing incorporation of technology, health care cannot dispense of the intensive use of these human resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279482.v1
title: Human Resources Training in the Area of Health and Implementation of the SUS: Analysis of a University Municipality and Macro-Regional Reference

description: Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this article was to discuss the training of human resources for the health sector in a municipality with major university student presence. The municipality is also a macro-regional reference in health care, in view of the role it plays in health service provision and health professional training for the implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS). Method: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study, derived from sources INEP, MEC, CNES and DATASUS. The offer of twelve undergraduate health courses was analyzed. Result: The study showed the growth in the offer of health services and health courses, with substantial participation of private higher education institutions, with emphasis on nursing and medicine courses. These courses may be associated with employability in the health sector in function of important public policies implemented in the SUS. Conclusion: The increased training of human resources for the sector is also related to comprehensive care provided through the SUS, which requires permanent training of human resources, since despite the increasing incorporation of technology, health care cannot dispense of the intensive use of these human resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279477.v1
title: Development and Validation of a Smartphone Application for Orthopedic Residency Education

description: Abstract: Introduction: Mobile learning offers several benefits, such as new learning environments. We developed and validated a smartphone application for orthopedics and traumatology residents in an attempt to assist their study and, consequently, pass the Board of Orthopedics and Traumatology Exam. Methods: quantitative study, aimed at the validation of a mobile application. It was developed for the iOS® and Android® platforms, in the Portuguese language, and free of charge. 132 participants, divided into three groups, used the tool. A validated questionnaire - System SUS Scale (SUS) - and a questionnaire created by the authors (properly validated) were used to assess the practicality and viability of the application as a learning tool. The mode, the absolute frequency and the percentage of the studied variables were crossed by Fisher's test or Pearson's chi-square test. Results: of the 132 participants, 55.3% have iOS®. All participants said they had already used an application on their smartphones, whereas 6 (4.5%) mentioned never having used applications for academic purposes (p value &lt;0.001). 100% said it was a useful technology in the resident's theoretical development. 124 (93.9%) agreed it was an auxiliary learning method for orthopedic doctors in general. An average SUS score of 84.2 (SD 10.8) was obtained with a margin of error of 1.9. The SUS score varied between 82.4 and 86.1 (95% CI). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.797. Conclusion: the developed application was successful in the tests performed and can be an alternative in medical education in the orthopedic area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279486
title: The Role of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support Instructor in Applying Best Practices in Pediatric Resuscitation

description: Abstract: Introduction: Cardiopulmonary arrest is an emergency event that requires both early identification of signs of clinical deterioration and rapid and effective actions for its reversal. Many physicians and nurses who provide care for children seek to training in this area of care by completing the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) course, and subsequently becoming an instructor. The aim of this research was to understand the PALS instructors’ views on their role in connecting simulated scenarios to real life pediatric resuscitation situations. Method: The article has a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews were used as the research technique. Twelve interviews were conducted with PALS instructors linked to various training centers in São Paulo. For qualitative analysis of the interviews the method proposed by Minayo was used, and Pierre Bourdieu’s field and habitus theoretical framework was also adopted. Results: Analysis of the interviews showed that after becoming PALS instructors, physicians and nurses feel recognized and self-confident, are better team leaders, make constructive interventions, suggest more training in pediatric emergencies and implement improvements in their services. The built-in habitus in the simulated field was reproduced by the instructors in the field of assistance, except in the debriefing application. Conclusion: The role of the instructors was to multiply best practices, involving the teams and favoring the execution of systematized and evidence-based care, with positive results in the day-to-day of hospital institutions.