DOI: 10.7291/d1c97s
title: Shifts in host-parasitoid networks across community garden management and urban landscape gradients

description: Biological pest control relies on interactions between herbivores and
 their natural enemies. Maintaining this ecosystem service requires
 considering herbivore and natural enemy interactions and their response to
 anthropogenic change at multiple scales. In this study, we use ecological
 networks to quantify the network structure of interactions between
 herbivorous insects and their parasitoids. We examine how herbivore host
 abundance, parasitism rates, and shifts in network structure relate to
 changes in local habitat management and landscape context. We sampled
 herbivores and parasitoids in Brassica oleracea plants at 22 urban gardens
 on the California central coast. At each site, we measured local
 management characteristics (e.g. vegetation, ground cover, canopy cover)
 and quantified surrounding landscape composition (e.g. urban, natural,
 open, and agricultural cover). For the eight sites with large enough
 networks, we calculated three network structure metrics (interaction
 richness, vulnerability, and functional complementarity). We then used
 generalized linear and mixed models to examine relationships between
 herbivore host abundance, parasitism rates, garden management and
 landscape characteristics, and network metrics. We found that both local
 management and landscape composition influenced parasitism, while only
 local factors affected host abundance and network structure. Higher
 network interaction richness was marginally associated with enhanced
 parasitism rates for two host species and lower parasitism rates for one
 host species. Our results suggest that local garden management decisions
 may shift the structure of host-parasitoid networks, which may
 subsequently affect host parasitism rates, but outcomes for biological
 pest control will likely vary across host species.
description: The following datasets describe garden site characteristics, host
 insect abundance, host insect parasitism, and host-parasitoid network
 metrics sampled in urban community gardens on the California central coast
 in 2017 and 2018. We used generalized linear and mixed models to examine
 relationships between host abundance, host parasitism, garden site
 characteristics, and network metrics. We include a brief overview of the
 methods used to collect these datasets below. For more detailed methods,
 see the corresponding article describing this study published in
 <em>Ecosphere</em>. Details about each dataset are found in
 the README file. <strong>Garden site
 characteristics:</strong> At each garden site, we sampled vegetation
 and ground cover each month within a 20 x 20 m plot at the center of each
 garden. We also measured the size of each garden site and determined the
 ecoregion each site was located within. Additionally, we characterized the
 landscape surrounding gardens using the 2016 National Land Cover Database
 (NCLD, 30 m resolution) to measure the percent land cover that was
 natural, open, urban, and agricultural within 1 and 2 km of garden sites.
 We also calculated landscape diversity using a modified Shannon diversity
 index. <strong>Host insect abundance and
 parasitism: </strong>Host insects were sampled using visual surveys
 of <em>Brassica oleracea</em> plants targeting aphids in 2017
 and non-aphid herbivores (cabbage whites, diamondback moths, beet
 armyworms, cabbage loopers, harlequin bugs, and whiteflies) in 2018. We
 identified all herbivore hosts to morphospecies and recorded their
 abundance. Parasitized aphids (mummies) and all non-aphid herbivores were
 then collected and reared under lab conditions for two weeks. We recorded
 the number of herbivores that remained healthy (not parasitized) and the
 number of herbivores from which parasitoids emerged (parasitized), and we
 used this as a basis for calculating parasitism. We calculated four
 different measures of parasitism for each of three focal host species
 (<em>Aleyrodes proletella</em>, <em>Brevicoryne
 brassicae</em>, and <em>Pieres rapae</em>): 1) presence
 or absence of parasitism per site (site-level parasitism), 2) proportion
 of sampled <em>B. oleracea </em>plants with parasitized hosts
 (plant-level parasitism), 3) presence or absence of parasitism per host
 individual (individual-level parasitism), and 4) proportion of parasitized
 hosts (population-level parasitism).
 <strong>Host–parasitoid network metrics: </strong>We
 identified all eclosed parasitoids to morphospecies and noted the
 herbivore host species from which they emerged. We used these observed
 parasitism interactions to construct host-parasitoid networks for each
 site. We calculated four network metrics relevant to parasitism:
 interaction diversity (the number of unique interaction links in a
 network), vulnerability (the average number of parasitoid species
 interacting with each host species), functional complementarity (the level
 of resource partitioning among parasitoid species), and
 nestedness. Datasets included:
 1)
 HostAbundance_PopulationParasitism.csv 
 Garden site characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation
 cover, and ground cover in 2017, and 2018, and averaged across both
 years) Surrounding landscape characteristics (percent
 urban and agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden sites)
 Host abundance and population-level parasitism measures for
 three focal species Host-parasitoid network
 metrics 2)
 SiteParasitism.csv Garden site
 characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation cover, and ground
 cover in 2017, and 2018, and averaged across both years)
 Surrounding landscape characteristics (percent urban and
 agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden sites)
 Host abundance and site-level parasitism measures for three
 focal species Host-parasitoid network
 metrics 3)
 PlantParasitism.csv Garden
 site characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation cover, and ground
 cover in 2017, and 2018, and averaged across both years)
 Surrounding landscape characteristics (percent urban and
 agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden sites)
 Host abundance and plant-level parasitism measures for three
 focal species Host-parasitoid network
 metrics 4)
 IndividualParasitism_ALPR.csv 
 Garden site characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation
 cover, and ground cover in 2018) Surrounding
 landscape characteristics (percent urban and agricultural land cover
 within 1 km of garden sites) Host abundance and
 individual-level parasitism measures for whiteflies (<em>A.
 proletella</em>) Host-parasitoid network
 metrics 5)
 IndividualParasitism_BRBR.csv 
 Garden site characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation
 cover, and ground cover in 2017) Surrounding
 landscape characteristics (percent urban and agricultural land cover
 within 1 km of garden sites) Host abundance and
 individual-level parasitism measures for cabbage aphids (<em>B.
 brassicae</em>) Host-parasitoid network
 metrics 6)
 IndividualParasitism_PIRA.csv 
 Garden site characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation
 cover, and ground cover in 2018) Surrounding
 landscape characteristics (percent urban and agricultural land cover
 within 1 km of garden sites) Host abundance and
 individual-level parasitism measures for cabbage whites (<em>P.
 rapae</em>) Host-parasitoid network
 metrics 7)
 NetworkMetrics_ParasitismSummary.csv 
 Garden site characteristics (garden size, ecoregion, vegetation
 cover, and ground cover averaged across 2017 and 2018) for a subset of 8
 sites with networks large enough to quantify network metrics
 Surrounding landscape characteristics (percent urban and
 agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden sites)
 Host abundance and all parasitism measures (site-level,
 plant-level, individual-level, population-level) for three focal
 species Host-parasitoid network metrics
description: # Shifts in host-parasitoid networks across community garden management
 and urban landscape gradients
 [https://doi.org/10.7291/D1C97S](https://doi.org/10.7291/D1C97S) These
 datasets are the summary data from the paper, "Shifts in
 host-parasitoid networks across community garden management and urban
 landscape gradients," published in *Ecosphere* in 2024. They describe
 garden site characteristics, host insect abundance, host insect
 parasitism, and host-parasitoid network metrics sampled in urban community
 gardens on the California central coast in 2017 and 2018. ## Description
 of the data and file structure We include the seven datasets that we
 analyzed in this study. Missing values are indicated by NA. **1)
 HostAbundance_PopulationParasitism.csv** This dataset includes host
 abundance and population-level parasitism for three focal host species,
 garden site and landscape characteristics, and network metrics. Column
 Heads: * Site * EcoRegion (MBPlains = Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces
 ecoregion; SCValley = Bay Terraces/Lower Santa Clara Valley ecoregion)
 Predictor Variables: * LNGardenSize (garden size, LN transformed) *
 TreesShrubsSppFlower2017 (number of tree and shrub species in flower in
 2017) * Grass2017 (percent grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in
 2017) * Straw2017 (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in
 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2017 (number of flower species in 2017) *
 LNNumBrassicas2017 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2017) *
 SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2017 (number of *Brassica oleracea*
 varieties in 2017) * TreesShrubsSppFlower2018 (number of tree and shrub
 species in flower in 2018) * Grass2018 (percent grass cover sampled within
 20 x 20 m plot in 2018) * Straw2018 (percent straw cover sampled within 20
 x 20 m plot in 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2018 (number of flower species in 2018)
 * LNNumBrassicas2018 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2018, LN
 transformed) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2018 (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties in 2018) * AvgTreesShrubsSppFlower (number of tree and
 shrub species in flower, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgGrass (percent
 grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 AvgStraw (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged over
 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumFlowerSpp (number of flower species, averaged over
 2017 and 2018) * AvgSampledBrassicaVarietalRichness (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumBrassicas
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1 km of garden site) * SQRTAg1km
 (percent agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden site, square root
 transformed) * TotalALPRAbundance (abundance of all *Aleyrodes
 proletella*, including nymphs and adults) * TotalPIRAAbundance (abundance
 of all *Pieris rapae*, including larvae and adults) * InteractionDiversity
 (number of unique interaction links in a network) * Vulnerability (average
 number of parasitoid species interacting with each host species) *
 Functional Complementarity (level of resource partitioning among
 parasitoid species) * Nestedness (degree to which a core group of
 generalist interact with each other) Response Variables: *
 NumHealthyALPRNymphs (number of healthy, non-parasitized *Aleyrodes
 proletella* nymphs) * NumParasitizedALPRNymphs (number of parasitized
 *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * ALPRNymphAbundance (abundance of
 *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * NumHealthyBRBR (number of healthy,
 non-parasitized *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * NumParasitizedBRBR (number of
 parasitized *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * BRBRAbundance (abundance of
 *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * LNBRBRAbundance (abundance of *Brevicoryne
 brassicae*, LN transformed) * NumHealthyPIRALarvae (number of healthy,
 non-parasitized *Pieris rapae*) * NumParasitizedPIRALarvae (number of
 parasitized *Pieris rapae*) * PIRALarvaeAbundance (abundance of *Pieris
 rapae* larvae) **2) SiteParasitism.csv** Column Heads: * Site * EcoRegion
 (MBPlains = Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces ecoregion; SCValley = Bay
 Terraces/Lower Santa Clara Valley ecoregion) Predictor Variables: *
 LNGardenSize (garden size, LN transformed) * TreesShrubsSppFlower2017
 (number of tree and shrub species in flower in 2017) * Grass2017 (percent
 grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in 2017) * Straw2017 (percent
 straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2017
 (number of flower species in 2017) * LNNumBrassicas2017 (number of
 *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2017) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2017
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* varieties in 2017) *
 TreesShrubsSppFlower2018 (number of tree and shrub species in flower in
 2018) * Grass2018 (percent grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in
 2018) * Straw2018 (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in
 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2018 (number of flower species in 2018) *
 LNNumBrassicas2018 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2018, LN
 transformed) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2018 (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties in 2018) * AvgTreesShrubsSppFlower (number of tree and
 shrub species in flower, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgGrass (percent
 grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 AvgStraw (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged over
 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumFlowerSpp (number of flower species, averaged over
 2017 and 2018) * AvgSampledBrassicaVarietalRichness (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumBrassicas
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1 km of garden site) * SQRTAg1km
 (percent agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden site, square root
 transformed) * InteractionDiversity (number of unique interaction links in
 a network) * Vulnerability (average number of parasitoid species
 interacting with each host species) * Functional Complementarity (level of
 resource partitioning among parasitoid species) * Nestedness (degree to
 which a core group of generalist interact with each other) Response
 Variables: * ALPRNymphParasitism (presence or absence of parasitized
 *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * ALPRNymphAbundance (abundance of
 *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * BRBRParasitism (presence or absence of
 parasitized *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * BRBRAbundance (abundance of
 *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * LNBRBRAbundance (abundance of *Brevicoryne
 brassicae*, LN transformed) * PIRALarvaeParasitism (presence or absence of
 parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae) * LNPIRAAbundance (abundance of *Pieris
 rapae* larvae, LN transformed) * PIRALarvaeAbundance (abundance of *Pieris
 rapae* larvae) **3) PlantParasitism.csv** Column Heads: * Site * EcoRegion
 (MBPlains = Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces ecoregion; SCValley = Bay
 Terraces/Lower Santa Clara Valley ecoregion) Predictor Variables: *
 LNGardenSize (garden size, LN transformed) * TreesShrubsSppFlower2017
 (number of tree and shrub species in flower in 2017) * Grass2017 (percent
 grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in 2017) * Straw2017 (percent
 straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2017
 (number of flower species in 2017) * LNNumBrassicas2017 (number of
 *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2017) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2017
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* varieties in 2017) *
 TreesShrubsSppFlower2018 (number of tree and shrub species in flower in
 2018) * Grass2018 (percent grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in
 2018) * Straw2018 (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in
 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2018 (number of flower species in 2018) *
 LNNumBrassicas2018 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2018, LN
 transformed) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2018 (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties in 2018) * AvgTreesShrubsSppFlower (number of tree and
 shrub species in flower, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgGrass (percent
 grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 AvgStraw (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged over
 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumFlowerSpp (number of flower species, averaged over
 2017 and 2018) * AvgSampledBrassicaVarietalRichness (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumBrassicas
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1 km of garden site) * SQRTAg1km
 (percent agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden site, square root
 transformed) * ALPRNymphAbundance (abundance of *Aleyrodes proletella*
 nymphs) * BRBRAbundance (abundance of *Brevicoryne brassicae*) *
 LNBRBRAbundance (abundance of *Brevicoryne brassicae*, LN transformed) *
 PIRALarvaeAbundance (abundance of *Pieris rapae* larvae) Response
 Variables: * ALPRTotalPlants (total number of *Brassica oleracea* plants
 with *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs - for calculation purposes) *
 ALPRNoParaPlants (*Brassica oleracea* plants with no parasitized
 *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs - for calculation purposes) * ALPRParaPlants
 (*Brassica oleracea* plants with parasitized *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs
 - for calculation purposes) * ALPRPropParaPlants (proportion of *Brassica
 oleracea* plants with parasitized *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs - final
 variable used for analysis) * BRBRTotalPlants (total number of *Brassica
 oleracea* plants with *Brevicoryne brassicae* - for calculation purposes)
 * BRBRNoParaPlants (*Brassica oleracea* plants with no parasitized
 *Brevicoryne brassicae* - for calculation purposes) * BRBRParaPlants
 (*Brassica oleracea* plants with parasitized *Brevicoryne brassicae* - for
 calculation purposes) * BRBRPropParaPlants (proportion of *Brassica
 oleracea* plants with parasitized *Brevicoryne brassicae* - final variable
 used for analysis) * PIRATotalPlants (total number of *Brassica oleracea*
 plants with *Pieris rapae* larvae - for calculation purposes) *
 PIRANoParaPlants (*Brassica oleracea* plants with no parasitized *Pieris
 rapae* larvae - for calculation purposes) * PIRAParaPlants (*Brassica
 oleracea* plants with parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae - for calculation
 purposes) * PIRAPropParaPlants (proportion of *Brassica oleracea* plants
 with parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae - final variable used for analysis)
 * SQRTPIRAPropParaPlants (proportion of *Brassica oleracea* plants with
 parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae - final variable used for analysis,
 square root transformed) **4) IndividualParasitism_ALPR.csv** Column
 Heads: * Site * Year * SamplingRound (month when sampling occurred) *
 PlantUnit (*Brassica oleracea* plant that was sampled, labeled 1-20) *
 EcoRegion (MBPlains = Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces ecoregion; SCValley
 = Bay Terraces/Lower Santa Clara Valley ecoregion) Predictor Variables: *
 LNGardenSize (garden size, LN transformed) * TreesShrubsSppFlower2018
 (number of tree and shrub species in flower in 2018) * Grass2018 (percent
 grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in 2018) * Straw2018 (percent
 straw cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot in 2018) * NumFlowerSpp2018
 (number of flower species in 2018) * LNNumBrassicas2018 (number of
 *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2018, LN transformed) *
 SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2018 (number of *Brassica oleracea*
 varieties in 2018) * Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1 km of
 garden site) * SQRTAg1km (percent agricultural land cover within 1 km of
 garden site, square root transformed) * ALPRNymphAbundance (abundance of
 *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * InteractionDiversity (number of unique
 interaction links in a network) * Vulnerability (average number of
 parasitoid species interacting with each host species) * Functional
 Complementarity (level of resource partitioning among parasitoid species)
 * Nestedness (degree to which a core group of generalist interact with
 each other) Response Variables: * ParasitizedALPR_PA (presence or absence
 of parasitism in each *Aleyrodes proletella* individual) **5)
 IndividualParasitism_BRBR.csv** Column Heads: * Site * Year *
 SamplingRound (month when sampling occurred) * PlantUnit (*Brassica
 oleracea* plant that was sampled, labeled 1-10) * EcoRegion (MBPlains =
 Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces ecoregion; SCValley = Bay Terraces/Lower
 Santa Clara Valley ecoregion) Predictor Variables: * LNGardenSize (garden
 size, LN transformed) * TreesShrubsSppFlower2017 (number of tree and shrub
 species in flower in 2017) * Grass2017 (percent grass cover sampled within
 20 x 20 m plot in 2017) * Straw2017 (percent straw cover sampled within 20
 x 20 m plot in 2017) * NumFlowerSpp2017 (number of flower species in 2017)
 * LNNumBrassicas2017 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2017, LN
 transformed) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2017 (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties in 2017) * Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1
 km of garden site) * SQRTAg1km (percent agricultural land cover within 1
 km of garden site, square root transformed) * BRBRAbundance (abundance of
 *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * LNAphidAbundance (abundance of *Brevicoryne
 brassicae*, LN transformed) * InteractionDiversity (number of unique
 interaction links in a network) * Vulnerability (average number of
 parasitoid species interacting with each host species) * Functional
 Complementarity (level of resource partitioning among parasitoid species)
 * Nestedness (degree to which a core group of generalist interact with
 each other) Response Variables: * ParasitizedBRBR_PA (presence or absence
 of parasitism in each *Brevicoryne brassicae* individual) **6)
 IndividualParasitism_PIRA.csv** Column Heads: * Site * Year *
 SamplingRound (month when sampling occurred) * PlantUnit (*Brassica
 oleracea* plant that was sampled, labeled 1-20) * EcoRegion (MBPlains =
 Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces ecoregion; SCValley = Bay Terraces/Lower
 Santa Clara Valley ecoregion) Predictor Variables: * LNGardenSize (garden
 size, LN transformed) * TreesShrubsSppFlower2018 (number of tree and shrub
 species in flower in 2018) * Grass2018 (percent grass cover sampled within
 20 x 20 m plot in 2018) * Straw2018 (percent straw cover sampled within 20
 x 20 m plot in 2018) * NumFlowerSpp2018 (number of flower species in 2018)
 * LNNumBrassicas2018 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants in 2018, LN
 transformed) * SampledBrassicaVarietalRichness2018 (number of *Brassica
 oleracea* varieties in 2018) * Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1
 km of garden site) * SQRTAg1km (percent agricultural land cover within 1
 km of garden site, square root transformed) * PIRALarvaeAbundance
 (abundance of *Pieris rapae* larvae) * InteractionDiversity (number of
 unique interaction links in a network) * Vulnerability (average number of
 parasitoid species interacting with each host species) * Functional
 Complementarity (level of resource partitioning among parasitoid species)
 * Nestedness (degree to which a core group of generalist interact with
 each other) Response Variables: * ParasitizedPIRA_PA (presence or absence
 of parasitism in each *Pieris rapae* individual) **7)
 NetworkMetrics_ParasitismSummary.csv** Column Heads: * Site * EcoRegion
 (MBPlains = Monterey Bay Plains and Terraces ecoregion; SCValley = Bay
 Terraces/Lower Santa Clara Valley ecoregion) Predictor Variables: *
 LNGardenSize (garden size, LN transformed) * AvgTreesShrubsSppFlower
 (number of tree and shrub species in flower, averaged over 2017 and 2018)
 * AvgGrass (percent grass cover sampled within 20 x 20 m plot, averaged
 over 2017 and 2018) * AvgStraw (percent straw cover sampled within 20 x 20
 m plot, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgNumFlowerSpp (number of flower
 species, averaged over 2017 and 2018) * AvgSampledBrassicaVarietalRichness
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* varieties, averaged over 2017 and 2018) *
 AvgNumBrassicas (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants, averaged over 2017
 and 2018) * Urban1km (percent urban land cover within 1 km of garden site)
 * SQRTAg1km (percent agricultural land cover within 1 km of garden site,
 square root transformed) * NumHealthyALPRNymphs (number of healthy,
 non-parasitized *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * NumParasitizedALPRNymphs
 (number of parasitized *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * ALPRNymphAbundance
 (abundance of *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * TotalALPRAbundance
 (abundance of all *Aleyrodes proletella*, including nymphs and adults) *
 ALPRNymph_SiteParasitism (presence or absence of parasitism in *Aleyrodes
 proletella* nymphs) * ALPRNoParaPlants (number of *Brassica oleracea*
 plants with no parasitized *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) * ALPRParaPlants
 (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants with parasitized *Aleyrodes
 proletella* nymphs) * NumHealthyBRBR (number of healthy, non-parasitized
 *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * NumParasitizedBRBR (number of parasitized
 *Brevicoryne brassicae* nymphs) * LNBRBRAbundance (abundance of
 *Brevicoryne brassicae*, LN transformed) * BRBR_SiteParasitism (presence
 or absence of parasitism in *Aleyrodes proletella* nymphs) *
 BRBRNoParaPlants (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants with no parasitized
 *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * BRBRParaPlants (number of *Brassica oleracea*
 plants with parasitized *Brevicoryne brassicae*) * NumHealthyPIRALarvae
 (number of healthy, non-parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae) *
 NumParasitizedPIRALarvae (number of parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae) *
 PIRALarvaeAbundance (abundance of *Pieris rapae* larvae) *
 TotalPIRAAbundance (abundance of all *Pieris rapae* life stages) *
 PIRALarvae_SiteParasitism (presence or absence of parasitism in *Pieris
 rapae* larvae) * PIRANoParaPlants (number of *Brassica oleracea* plants
 with no parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae) * PIRAParaPlants (number of
 *Brassica oleracea* plants with parasitized *Pieris rapae* larvae)
 Response Variables: * InteractionDiversity (number of unique interaction
 links in a network) Vulnerability (average number of parasitoid species
 interacting with each host species) Functional Complementarity (level of
 resource partitioning among parasitoid species) Nestedness (degree to
 which a core group of generalist interact with each other) ##
 Sharing/Access information NA