cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506992
title: CONFORMATION INDEX OF HORSES OF DIFFERENT GENETIC GROUPS

description: Abstract Any equestrian activity requires horses with proper fitness, which can be identified through body conformation (BC), calculated by combined biometric measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the BC of 86 horses belonging to genetic groups (GG): Crioulo (CR), Brazilian Equestrian (BE), Arabian (ARB), Quarter Horse (QH), Thoroughbred (THO), and a crossbred group with small stature, named as Petiço (PE). We evaluated the relationship between shoulder and withers, estimated body weight, length, weight, weight relative, conformation, compactness and load 1 and 2, load on leg and dactyl-thoracic. The variation sources in the model were the effects of gender, GG, and the interaction GG*gender; the correlation between BC; principal components analysis, preparing a scatter plot with biplot to verify the distribution of GG in relation to the BC; cluster to check distance between GG. The variation sources affected BC (P&lt;0.05). PE was considered elipometric, while the others were eumetric. THO was considered of medium shape, and the others as having small shape. Horses THO, QH, PE were qualified for activities with saddle up to light traction, and the rest of horses from saddle to heavy traction. Horses BE and ARB had greater capacity to support weight without overexertion on the back, working step and gallop. There were greater similarities between QM and CR, and lower among PE and the other GGs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506992.v1
title: CONFORMATION INDEX OF HORSES OF DIFFERENT GENETIC GROUPS

description: Abstract Any equestrian activity requires horses with proper fitness, which can be identified through body conformation (BC), calculated by combined biometric measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the BC of 86 horses belonging to genetic groups (GG): Crioulo (CR), Brazilian Equestrian (BE), Arabian (ARB), Quarter Horse (QH), Thoroughbred (THO), and a crossbred group with small stature, named as Petiço (PE). We evaluated the relationship between shoulder and withers, estimated body weight, length, weight, weight relative, conformation, compactness and load 1 and 2, load on leg and dactyl-thoracic. The variation sources in the model were the effects of gender, GG, and the interaction GG*gender; the correlation between BC; principal components analysis, preparing a scatter plot with biplot to verify the distribution of GG in relation to the BC; cluster to check distance between GG. The variation sources affected BC (P&lt;0.05). PE was considered elipometric, while the others were eumetric. THO was considered of medium shape, and the others as having small shape. Horses THO, QH, PE were qualified for activities with saddle up to light traction, and the rest of horses from saddle to heavy traction. Horses BE and ARB had greater capacity to support weight without overexertion on the back, working step and gallop. There were greater similarities between QM and CR, and lower among PE and the other GGs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7508006
title: CONDITIONING METHODS FOR ANIMALS IN AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW

description: Abstract This article briefly describes different conditioning techniques used to help understand learning in farm livestock and economically important animals. A basic overview of conditioning is included along with the importance of different conditioning methods, associative and non-associative learning, and how these principles apply to chickens, horses, cows, goats, pigs, and sheep. Additional information on learning theory specific for each animal is also provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512635
title: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SUPPOSED SPOTTED FEVER OUTBREAK

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the suspition of spotted fever (SF) occurrence in Quirinopolis city (Goias State) through serological survey in human, dogs and horses samples, and identification of tick vectors. In 2007, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was carried out for Rickettsia spp. in blood samples taken from 28 persons, related to the suspected case (a 3-year-old child who showed signs of rickettsial disease after exposure to ticks). Also, blood samples were collected from five dogs and 42 horses, from which only there horses (28.6%) were seropositive. The tick Amblyomma cajennense was not found. Seven humans were reactive to Rickettsia spp., most of them were paternal relatives of the suspected case. In 2008, in the same region, IFAT was performed on 30 human samples without clinical signs of SF and 50% of them were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. Additionally, blood samples were collected from 24 stray dogs, and one of the animals showed seropositivity. Serologic evidence of the contact between the bacteria of the genus Rickettsia with human and animal inhabitants from Quirinopolis city indicates that the SF or another rickettsial disease may be occurring in Goias State, Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512635.v1
title: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SUPPOSED SPOTTED FEVER OUTBREAK

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the suspition of spotted fever (SF) occurrence in Quirinopolis city (Goias State) through serological survey in human, dogs and horses samples, and identification of tick vectors. In 2007, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was carried out for Rickettsia spp. in blood samples taken from 28 persons, related to the suspected case (a 3-year-old child who showed signs of rickettsial disease after exposure to ticks). Also, blood samples were collected from five dogs and 42 horses, from which only there horses (28.6%) were seropositive. The tick Amblyomma cajennense was not found. Seven humans were reactive to Rickettsia spp., most of them were paternal relatives of the suspected case. In 2008, in the same region, IFAT was performed on 30 human samples without clinical signs of SF and 50% of them were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. Additionally, blood samples were collected from 24 stray dogs, and one of the animals showed seropositivity. Serologic evidence of the contact between the bacteria of the genus Rickettsia with human and animal inhabitants from Quirinopolis city indicates that the SF or another rickettsial disease may be occurring in Goias State, Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507553
title: RECTAL BIOPSY IN SHEEP AND GOATS FOR MONITORING AND ANTE-MORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF SCRAPIE: NUMBER OF LYMPHOID FOLLICLES IN TWO CONSECUTIVE COLLECTIONS

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the amount of lymphoid tissue associated with the rectal mucosa obtained by rectal biopsy and the possibility of two consecutive biopsies at different time intervals, for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. Rectal mucosa samples were collected from 56 sheep and 32 goats in two steps. In the first step, on day 0, all animals were tested and, for the second step, the animals were divided into groups and each group was subjected to collection on different dates: for sheep 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first one and, for goats, on days 14, 21, and 28. From 176 samples, 151 (85.8%) were collected from the rectal mucosa, and in 25 (14.2%) there was a collection failure. Considering the rectal mucosa samples (151), 56.86% of the sheep samples and 51.61% of the goat samples, on day 0, had more then ≥3 lymphoid follicles (LF). In the second collection, 58.97% of the sheep samples showed ≥ 3 LF and 33.33% of the goat samples. Comparing the number of LF of the same animals between the first and second collections, there was a significant difference (p &lt;0.05) between days 0 and 7 for sheep (with more FL on day 0) and days 0 and 28 (with more LF on day 28) and days 0 and 28 for goats (with more FL on day 0). There was no significant difference in the number of FL assessed on dates 0, 14, and 21 when comparing the different species, sheep and goats. On day 28, sheep samples showed a higher number (p &lt;0.05) of LF than goats. It was concluded that rectal biopsy technique involves useful method for obtaining lymphoid tissue associate to mucosa for immunohistochemistry assessment to monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie in sheep and goats. However, inappropriate sampling or insufficient numbers of FL can generate the necessity to repeat the technique, which could be done 14 days after the first collection, without reduction in the number of the FL.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507553.v1
title: RECTAL BIOPSY IN SHEEP AND GOATS FOR MONITORING AND ANTE-MORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF SCRAPIE: NUMBER OF LYMPHOID FOLLICLES IN TWO CONSECUTIVE COLLECTIONS

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the amount of lymphoid tissue associated with the rectal mucosa obtained by rectal biopsy and the possibility of two consecutive biopsies at different time intervals, for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. Rectal mucosa samples were collected from 56 sheep and 32 goats in two steps. In the first step, on day 0, all animals were tested and, for the second step, the animals were divided into groups and each group was subjected to collection on different dates: for sheep 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first one and, for goats, on days 14, 21, and 28. From 176 samples, 151 (85.8%) were collected from the rectal mucosa, and in 25 (14.2%) there was a collection failure. Considering the rectal mucosa samples (151), 56.86% of the sheep samples and 51.61% of the goat samples, on day 0, had more then ≥3 lymphoid follicles (LF). In the second collection, 58.97% of the sheep samples showed ≥ 3 LF and 33.33% of the goat samples. Comparing the number of LF of the same animals between the first and second collections, there was a significant difference (p &lt;0.05) between days 0 and 7 for sheep (with more FL on day 0) and days 0 and 28 (with more LF on day 28) and days 0 and 28 for goats (with more FL on day 0). There was no significant difference in the number of FL assessed on dates 0, 14, and 21 when comparing the different species, sheep and goats. On day 28, sheep samples showed a higher number (p &lt;0.05) of LF than goats. It was concluded that rectal biopsy technique involves useful method for obtaining lymphoid tissue associate to mucosa for immunohistochemistry assessment to monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie in sheep and goats. However, inappropriate sampling or insufficient numbers of FL can generate the necessity to repeat the technique, which could be done 14 days after the first collection, without reduction in the number of the FL.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515392
title: INTAKE AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF Andropogon gayanus HAY AT THREE DIFFERENT AGES

description: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions, energy, and the nitrogen balance of Andropogon gayanus hay at three different stages (56, 84 and 112 days). The statistical design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates. Dry matter, fiber fractions, and energy apparent digestibility were higher (P&lt;0.05) for hay harvested at 56 and 84 days. Crude protein intake and apparent digestibility of A. gayanus hay harvested at 56 days of growth were greater (P&lt;0.05) than the hay harvested at 84 and 112 days. The A. gayanus hay showed the best voluntary intake and digestibility at 56 and 84 days of age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515803
title: OCCURRENCES OF EIMERIOSIS IN CALVES REARED ON SMALL FAMILY FARMS - SCIENTIFIC REPORT

description: Abstract Occurrences of eimeriosis were investigated among 110 Holstein-Friesian calves belonging to ten small family farms. Feces samples were collected from the rectum and were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative parasitological methods. In vitro sporulation was induced in feces samples positive for Eimeria sp. in order to subsequently identify the species under the microscope. All the farms were positive for species of the genus Eimeria with a prevalence of parasitized animals 48.2% for Eimeria. Eight species of the genus Eimeria were identified, among which E. bovis, E. auburnensis, and E. alabamensis were the most frequent, accounting for 23.6%, 11.8%, and 9.1%, respectively. Animals of up to six months of age that were managed collectively on pasture presented greater positivity for enteroparasites. The high prevalence of parasitic infection in young animals, especially due to coccidia of considerable pathogenicity, is an indicator of failure of sanitary management. Careful monitoring using specific drugs for controlling infections and reducing losses from animal rearing is needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515392.v1
title: INTAKE AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF Andropogon gayanus HAY AT THREE DIFFERENT AGES

description: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions, energy, and the nitrogen balance of Andropogon gayanus hay at three different stages (56, 84 and 112 days). The statistical design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates. Dry matter, fiber fractions, and energy apparent digestibility were higher (P&lt;0.05) for hay harvested at 56 and 84 days. Crude protein intake and apparent digestibility of A. gayanus hay harvested at 56 days of growth were greater (P&lt;0.05) than the hay harvested at 84 and 112 days. The A. gayanus hay showed the best voluntary intake and digestibility at 56 and 84 days of age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515803.v1
title: OCCURRENCES OF EIMERIOSIS IN CALVES REARED ON SMALL FAMILY FARMS - SCIENTIFIC REPORT

description: Abstract Occurrences of eimeriosis were investigated among 110 Holstein-Friesian calves belonging to ten small family farms. Feces samples were collected from the rectum and were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative parasitological methods. In vitro sporulation was induced in feces samples positive for Eimeria sp. in order to subsequently identify the species under the microscope. All the farms were positive for species of the genus Eimeria with a prevalence of parasitized animals 48.2% for Eimeria. Eight species of the genus Eimeria were identified, among which E. bovis, E. auburnensis, and E. alabamensis were the most frequent, accounting for 23.6%, 11.8%, and 9.1%, respectively. Animals of up to six months of age that were managed collectively on pasture presented greater positivity for enteroparasites. The high prevalence of parasitic infection in young animals, especially due to coccidia of considerable pathogenicity, is an indicator of failure of sanitary management. Careful monitoring using specific drugs for controlling infections and reducing losses from animal rearing is needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513907
title: EGG QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS IN SECOND CYCLE OF POSTURE FED WITH AMINOACID CHELATED TRACE MINERALS

description: Abstract The goal of this research was to evaluate egg quality and performance of laying hens at the second laying cycle, fed with minerals from an organic source. The control treatment consisted of basal diet with inorganic trace minerals, whereas the other treatments consisted of organic copper, iron, manganese, and zinc at levels of 100%, 90%, 80%, and 70%. Physical and chemical analyses were performed to evaluate egg quality. The average egg weight reduced in the test diet; however, egg mass, as well as the other performance variables evaluated, did not suffer influence of treatments. The percentage of egg protein decreased; however, mineral matter content and egg shell increased with the use of organic minerals, as well as an improvement in the egg quality parameters occurred. The supplementation with organic trace mineral source of the diet of laying hens did not compromise internal egg quality. The total replacement of inorganic sources for levels of organic minerals in the diet of birds provided maintenance on the performance and improved shell quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513907.v1
title: EGG QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS IN SECOND CYCLE OF POSTURE FED WITH AMINOACID CHELATED TRACE MINERALS

description: Abstract The goal of this research was to evaluate egg quality and performance of laying hens at the second laying cycle, fed with minerals from an organic source. The control treatment consisted of basal diet with inorganic trace minerals, whereas the other treatments consisted of organic copper, iron, manganese, and zinc at levels of 100%, 90%, 80%, and 70%. Physical and chemical analyses were performed to evaluate egg quality. The average egg weight reduced in the test diet; however, egg mass, as well as the other performance variables evaluated, did not suffer influence of treatments. The percentage of egg protein decreased; however, mineral matter content and egg shell increased with the use of organic minerals, as well as an improvement in the egg quality parameters occurred. The supplementation with organic trace mineral source of the diet of laying hens did not compromise internal egg quality. The total replacement of inorganic sources for levels of organic minerals in the diet of birds provided maintenance on the performance and improved shell quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507376
title: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL QUALITY OF COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS EGGS WITH NORMAL AND VITREOUS EGGSHELL

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal and external quality of eggs classified as eggs with normal eggshell and eggs with vitreous eggshell, produced by hens at three different ages. Forty-five eggs of each eggshell type, normal and vitreous, were sampled at the ages of 30, 50, and 70 weeks. The weight of the egg, in both types of eggshell, increased with the advancing age of the hen. Higher concentration of calcium was found in eggs with normal eggshells comparing to eggs with vitreous eggshells. The eggshell type did not affect phosphorus percentage. The mineral deposition of the eggshell was constant. The skin thickness increased irrespective of the shell along the reproductive life of the chicken and decreased when the bird became older. The percentage of albumen increased, while the percentage of albumen protein and pH decreased throughout the ages. Percentage of egg yolk, humidity, and pH decreased with increase of age of the laying hen, whereas crude protein and lipid increased. Eggs with vitreous eggshell showed eggshell with lower quality compared to those with normal eggshell, without, however, compromising the internal quality of albumen and yolk.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507376.v1
title: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL QUALITY OF COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS EGGS WITH NORMAL AND VITREOUS EGGSHELL

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal and external quality of eggs classified as eggs with normal eggshell and eggs with vitreous eggshell, produced by hens at three different ages. Forty-five eggs of each eggshell type, normal and vitreous, were sampled at the ages of 30, 50, and 70 weeks. The weight of the egg, in both types of eggshell, increased with the advancing age of the hen. Higher concentration of calcium was found in eggs with normal eggshells comparing to eggs with vitreous eggshells. The eggshell type did not affect phosphorus percentage. The mineral deposition of the eggshell was constant. The skin thickness increased irrespective of the shell along the reproductive life of the chicken and decreased when the bird became older. The percentage of albumen increased, while the percentage of albumen protein and pH decreased throughout the ages. Percentage of egg yolk, humidity, and pH decreased with increase of age of the laying hen, whereas crude protein and lipid increased. Eggs with vitreous eggshell showed eggshell with lower quality compared to those with normal eggshell, without, however, compromising the internal quality of albumen and yolk.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506845.v1
title: PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF FECES FROM HORSES FED DIETS CONTAINING CITRUS PULP

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of horses feces. Five mares, at an average age of 3.5 years old and body weight of 492 ± 44.5 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square. The experimental diet consisted of 60% coast-cross hay and 40 % of concentrate with increasing levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 %). To determine the fecal pH, samples were collected directly from the floor, immediately after defecation, in the first feces of the day at 07:00 a.m., and color and fecal consistency were evaluated. For microbiological analysis, an aliquot was reserved in plastic bags, frozen, and sent to the microbiological laboratory for further analysis. Lactic acid bacteria were counted for Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. from fecal samples under anaerobic conditions. The diet produced differences (P&lt;0.05) in feces consistency: 98% of the animals had normal and firm stools, while 2% were loose ruminant-type feces. We observed no difference (P&lt;0.05) for color, verifying 100% of the animals of greenish feces, normal for equines. There was no effect (P&gt;0.05) on pH and on the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The inclusion of up to 28% citrus pulp concentrates for horses did not promote change in the physicochemical characteristics and on the population of lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7506845
title: PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF FECES FROM HORSES FED DIETS CONTAINING CITRUS PULP

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of horses feces. Five mares, at an average age of 3.5 years old and body weight of 492 ± 44.5 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square. The experimental diet consisted of 60% coast-cross hay and 40 % of concentrate with increasing levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 %). To determine the fecal pH, samples were collected directly from the floor, immediately after defecation, in the first feces of the day at 07:00 a.m., and color and fecal consistency were evaluated. For microbiological analysis, an aliquot was reserved in plastic bags, frozen, and sent to the microbiological laboratory for further analysis. Lactic acid bacteria were counted for Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. from fecal samples under anaerobic conditions. The diet produced differences (P&lt;0.05) in feces consistency: 98% of the animals had normal and firm stools, while 2% were loose ruminant-type feces. We observed no difference (P&lt;0.05) for color, verifying 100% of the animals of greenish feces, normal for equines. There was no effect (P&gt;0.05) on pH and on the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The inclusion of up to 28% citrus pulp concentrates for horses did not promote change in the physicochemical characteristics and on the population of lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces.