cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.cwsreo
title: Development of Multi-beam Ka-band Mesh Reflector Antenna for NASA INCUS Mission

description: This paper presents the design, development, and performance evaluation of a multi-beam Ka-band 1.6m deployable offset mesh reflector antenna for NASA’s INCUS mission. The mission involves three time-spaced observatories aimed at providing Ka-band observations of tropical atmospheric convection. The antenna incorporates a seven-feed cluster with partially overlapping beams, which relaxes pointing accuracy requirements while maintaining adequate ground coverage and high gain. A robust reflector design features tensioned dual-net construction, ensuring precise deployment and surface stability. This paper details the critical aspects of the antenna design, including the feed, detailed simulations for multi-beam performance, RF performance of the measured reflector surfaces, and the effect of on-orbit thermo-elastic distortions. The reflector’s performance was extensively validated through multiple deployment trials of an engineering development unit, which showed high repeatability of the reflector shape and a minor positional uncertainty. Using an optimized average feed position derived from these tests, the antenna demonstrated a consistent RF performance within the mission’s requirements. Thermal performance analyses further evaluated dynamic pointing and gain stability under orbital temperature variations. The reflector antenna is expected to meet mission needs for high-resolution atmospheric observations, with flight units currently in production.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.denufl
title: Spectral Mixture Modeling with Laboratory Near-Infrared Data I: Insights into Compositional Analysis of Europa

description: Europa's surface composition and physical characteristics are commonly constrained using spectral deconvolution through linear mixture (LM) modeling and radiative transfer–based (RT) intimate mixture modeling. Here, I compared the results of these two spectral modeling— LM versus RT— against laboratory spectra of water (H2O) ice and sulfuric acid octahydrate (H2SO4·8H2O) mixtures measured at near-infrared wavelengths (1.2–2.5 µm) with grain sizes of 90–106 µm (Hayes & Li, 2025). The modeled abundances indicate that the RT more closely reproduces the laboratory abundances, with deviations within ±5% for both H2O ice and H2SO4·8H2O with ~100 µm grains. In contrast, the LM shows slightly larger discrepancies, typically ranging from ±5-15% from the true abundances. Interestingly, the RT tends to underestimate the abundance of H2SO4·8H2O and overestimate H2O ice, whereas the LM shows the opposite trend across all mixtures. Nonetheless, when H2SO4·8H2O either dominates (&gt;80% as observed on Europa’s trailing hemisphere; Carlson et al. 2005) or is present only in trace amounts (~10% on areas in Europa’s leading hemisphere; Dalton et al. 2013; Ligier et al. 2016), both the LM and RT render acceptable results within ±10% uncertainty. Thus, spectral modeling using the RT is preferred for constraining the surface composition across Europa, although the LM remains viable in specific compositional regimes.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.wk4fu7
title: Retrieval and Validation of Total Seasonal Liquid Water Amounts in the Percolation Zone of Greenland Ice Sheet Using L-band Radiometry

description: Quantifying the total liquid water amounts (LWA) in the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is critical for understanding GrIS firn processes, mass balance, and global sea-level rise. Although satellite microwave observations are very sensitive to ice sheet melt and thus can provide a way of monitoring the ice sheet melt globally, estimating total LWA, especially the sub-surface LWA, remains a challenge. Here, we present a microwave retrieval of LWA over Greenland using enhanced resolution L-band brightness temperature (TB) data products from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite for the 2015-2023 period. L-band signals receive emission contributions deep in the ice sheet and are sensitive to the liquid water content (LWC) in the firn column. Therefore, they can estimate the surface-to-subsurface LWA, unlike higher frequency signals (e.g., 18 and 37 GHz bands), which are limited to the top few centimeters of the surface snow during the melt. We used vertically polarized TB (V-pol TB) with empirically derived thresholds to detect liquid water and identify distinct ice sheet zones. A forward model based on radiative transfer in the ice sheet was used to simulate TB. The simulated TB was then used in an inversion algorithm to estimate LWA. Finally, the retrievals were compared with the LWA obtained from two sources. The first source was a locally calibrated ice sheet energy and mass balance (EMB) model, and the second source was the Glacier Energy and Mass Balance (GEMB) model within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Ice-sheet and Sea-Level System Model (ISSM). Both models were forced by in situ measurements from six automatic weather stations (AWS) of the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) located in the percolation zone of the GrIS. The retrievals show generally good agreement with both the references, demonstrating the potential for advancing our understanding of ice sheet physical processes to better project Greenland’s contribution to the global sea level rise in response to the warming climate.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.h30xzf
title: Kerr nonlinearity, self-injection locking and correlation in a microresonator

description: Production of entangled photon pairs is important in secure communication systems, quantum computing, and fundamental physics experiments. Achieving efficient generation of such photon pairs with low-loss parametric oscillators is a key objective in advancing integrated quantum technologies. However, spatially separating the generated photons while preserving their entanglement represents a significant technical challenge. In this work, we demonstrate nonlinear generation of correlated optical harmonics based on non-degenerate four-wave mixing with an optimally pumped optical microcavity with Kerr nonlinearity. The phase matching of the process is achieved with self-injection locked lasers producing parametric oscillation while locked to two different modes of the microresonator. This condition is reminiscent of slow-light technique developed for coherent atomic systems. The experimental design, utilizing counterpropagating light from two self-injection locked lasers, also effectively addresses the challenge of spatial separation of the generated harmonics. We validate the theoretical predictions using two self-injection locked semiconductor lasers integrated with a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator with optimized spectral structure.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4k3fp3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Cephalopoda)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-170 -70,-160 -70,-160 -60,-170 -60,-170 -70))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015796-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dlfxdr
title: Applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Tropospheric Ozone Research

description: Machine learning (ML) is transforming atmospheric chemistry, offering powerful tools to address challenges in tropospheric ozone research, a critical area for climate resilience and public health. As in adjacent fields, ML approaches complement existing research by learning patterns from ever-increasing volumes of atmospheric and environmental data relevant to ozone. 5 We highlight the rapid progress made in the field since Phase 1 of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report, focussing particularly on the most active areas of research, namely short-term ozone forecasting, emulation of atmospheric chemistry and the use of remote sensing for ozone estimation. Despite these advances, many challenges in the field remain, including the quality of data, benchmarks, and limited model generalisation and explainability. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements, highlights critical challenges, and proposes actionable pathways to further advance ML 10 applications in ozone research. Achieving this potential will require close collaborations across atmospheric chemistry, ML and computational science, aimed at addressing key challenges such as the development of global benchmark datasets and robust, explainable models.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17345044
title: Thebo Tibetan VOT & Prenasalization Audio Files

description: This dataset includes audio files (*.wav) from Upper Thebo, a dialect of Thebo Tibetan. These recordings were made to investigate VOT and prenasalization of word-initial stops in Upper Thebo. The speaker in these recordings in Sangsrgyas Tshering. The recordings were made in several sessions during the fall of 2024.

Praat textgrids of these files can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17345091.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17345045
title: Thebo Tibetan VOT & Prenasalization Audio Files

description: This dataset includes audio files (*.wav) from Upper Thebo, a dialect of Thebo Tibetan. These recordings were made to investigate VOT and prenasalization of word-initial stops in Upper Thebo. The speaker in these recordings in Sangsrgyas Tshering. The recordings were made in several sessions during the fall of 2024.

Praat textgrids of these files can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17345091.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.bhiuxy
title: Faint absorption of the ground state hyperfine-splitting transitions of hydroxyl at 18 cm in the Galactic Disk

description: The interstellar hydride hydroxyl (OH) is a potential tracer of CO-dark molecular gas.We present new high-sensitivity absorption line observations of the four ground state hyperfine-splitting transitions of OH at 18-cm wavelength towards four Galactic and extra-galactic continuum sources as follow-up to the THOR survey. We compare these to deep observations of the [CII] line at 1.9 THz obtained with the upGREAT instrument on SOFIA, observations of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line with the VLA, and CO (𝐽 = 2–1) lines obtained with the APEX PI230 receiver at the APEX 12m sub-mm telescope. We trace OH over a large range of molecular hydrogen column densities of 7.9×1019 cm−2 to 4.7×1022 cm−2, and derive OH abundances with respect to molecular and total hydrogen column densities of XOH,H2 = 𝑁OH/𝑁H2 = 1.2+0.3−0.2 × 10−7 and 𝑋OH,H = 𝑁OH/𝑁H = 4.8+0.9−0.8 × 10−8 , respectively. Increased sensitivity and spectral resolution allowed us to detect weak and narrow features with the lowest column density detected at 𝑁OH = 3.7 × 1013 cm−2. The increase in sensitivity is a factor of 5 in direct comparison at the resolution the OH observations in the THOR survey (1.5 km s−1). We identify only one OH absorption component out of 23 without CO counterpart, yet several with intermediate molecular gas fractions. A potential association of [CII] emission with an OH absorption component is seen toward one sightline. Our results confirm that OH absorption traces molecular gas across diffuse and dense environments of the interstellar medium. At the sensitivity limits of the present observations we find similarly few CO-dark gas features as previous studies.We conclude that if OH absorption was to be used as a CO-dark gas tracer, deeper observations or stronger background targets are necessary to unveil its full potential as a CO-dark gas tracer, and yet it will never be an exclusive tracer of CO-dark gas. For OH hyperfine-splitting transitions in the vicinity of photodissociation regions in W43-South, we detect a spectral and spatial offset between the peak of the inversion of the OH 1612 MHz line and the absorption of the OH 1720 MHz line on the one hand, and the absorption of the OH main lines on the other hand, which provides additional constraints on the interpretation of the OH 18 cm line signatures typical of HII regions.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.okz0hi
title: Euclid: Searches for strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural nets in Early Release Observations of the Perseus field ⋆

description: The EuclidWide Survey is predicted to find approximately 170 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from its lifetime observation of 14 000 deg2 of the sky. Detecting this many lenses by visual inspection with professional astronomers and citizen scientists alone is infeasible. As a result, machine learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), were developed and have proven fruitful in finding strong lenses, such that the usage of CNNs has increased. We identify the major challenge as the automatic detection of the smallest resolved galaxy-galaxy strong lenses while simultaneously maintaining a low false positive rate.We select all sources with VIS IE &lt; 23 mag from the Euclid Early Release Observation imaging of the Perseus cluster. We apply a range of CNN architectures to detect strong lenses in these cutouts. One aim of this research is to have a quantified starting point on the achieved purity and completeness with our current version of CNN-based detection pipelines for the VIS images of the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS). All our networks perform extremely well on simulated data sets. However, when applied to real Euclid imaging, the highest lens purity is just ∼ 11%. Among all our networks, the false positives are typically identifiable by human volunteers as e.g. spiral galaxies, multiple sources, and artifacts, implying that improvements are still possible, perhaps via a second, more interpretable lens selection filtering stage. There is no alternative to human classification of CNN-selected lens candidates. Given the expected ∼ 105 lensing systems in Euclid, this implies ∼ 106 subjects for human classification, which while very large is not in principle intractable and not without precedent. Key words. Gravitational lensing: strong – Methods: statistical, machine learning – Methods: data analysis – Surveys
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.hqn5h7
title: Geodetic insights to the Himalayan megathrust kinematics unravel increased earthquake hazard

description: Measurements of both horizontal and vertical surface displacements allow for rigorous estimation of the moment deficit and the fault locking along subduction zones, including continental megathrusts. Previous measurements in the Himalayas were restricted to horizontal velocities from Global Navigational Satellite Systems, so the locking and the width of transition from apparent locking to interseismic creep were not well constrained. We present new observations of surface deformation from interferometric synthetic aperture radar for approximately 800 km along Himalaya. The interseismic velocity field along arc-perpendicular transects suggests a 5-8 mm/yr uplift in the higher Himalayas. We infer that the megathrust accommodates 20-22 mm/yr convergence over a width of ~115 km from the frontal thrust followed by a ~40 km transition zone. With an inferred seismic potency rate of ~2600 m³/yr, the strain accumulated over five to seven centuries in the central seismic gap could be released by two Mw 8.8 earthquakes.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.kejtim
title: The Simons Observatory: Assessing the Impact of Dust Complexity on the Recovery of Primordial B-modes

description: We investigate how dust foreground complexity can affect measurements of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the context of the Simons Observatory, using a cross-spectrum component separation analysis. Employing a suite of simulations with realistic Galactic dust emission, we find that spatial variation in the dust frequency spectrum, parametrized by βd, can bias the estimate for r when modeled using a low-order moment expansion to capture this spatial variation. While this approach performs well across a broad range of dust complexity, the bias increases with more extreme spatial variation in dust frequency spectrum, reaching as high as r ∼ 0.03 for simulations with no primordial tensors and a spatial dispersion of σ(βd) ≃ 0.3—the most extreme case considered, yet still consistent with current observational constraints. This bias is driven by changes in the ℓ-dependence of the dust power spectrum as a function of frequency that can mimic a primordial B-mode tensor signal. Although loworder moment expansions fail to capture the full effect when the spatial variations of βd become large and highly non-Gaussian, our results show that extended parametric methods can still recover unbiased estimates of r under a wide range of dust complexities. We further find that the bias in r, at the highest degrees of dust complexity, is largely insensitive to the spatial structure of the dust amplitude and is instead dominated by spatial correlations between βd and dust amplitude, particularly at higher orders. If βd does spatially vary at the highest levels investigated here, we would expect to use more flexible foreground models to achieve an unbiased constraint on r for the noise levels anticipated from the Simons Observatory.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.t4n1rc
title: Thermodynamically constrained retrieval algorithm to estimate subpixel fire properties

description: Satellite-based measurements have been widely used for estimating fire-emitted pollutants based on the parameters of either burned area or fire radiative power (FRP). Fire-related remote sensing additionally requires information on active fire areas and fire temperature at a subpixel scale, as well as the combustion phases (i.e., smoldering and flaming) to infer the plume injection height and to understand the mechanics of resulting atmospheric processes like pyro-convection. The FRP is as a key indicator of fire intensity that is frequently retrieved using infrared signals. The fire properties at a subpixel level, including the effective fire temperature and fire area, can be retrieved by the bi-spectral method. However, these approaches normally neglect the heat transport phenomena and subsequently fail to characterize the fire area that could be composed of different combustion phases (e.g. smoldering, flaming, or a combination of the two). Neglecting the phenomena of heat transfer leads to mis-estimation of the actual fire area and its associated emission profile for combustion products that are a function of the combustion phase. To address this challenge, this work presents a new approach to resolve the effective temperature variation inside each fire pixel using a semi-empirical heat-transfer algorithm. This algorithm utilizes radiance observations from geostationary satellites as inputs. With the aid of fine-spatial resolution spaceborne and airborne observations, we evaluated and validated the fire retrieval performance on western US wildfires corresponding to the 2019 season. Our results show that FRP obtained through this heat transfer method exhibits a stronger linear correlation with those retrieved from airborne measurements. Moreover, by analyzing the temperature variation curve obtained using this method, it is possible to further retrieve the fire area under different combustion conditions within the fire pixels.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.flcrco
title: Astrometric follow-up of near-Earth asteroid 2024 YR4 during a Torino scale level 3 alert

description: The discovery of 2024 YR4 presented the planetary defense community with the first potentially significant impact threat in almost two decades, reaching level 3 on the Torino scale. The community, now mature and well-organized, responded with a global observational effort. Astrometric measurements, forming the basis for orbital refinement and impact prediction, were a central component of this response. In this paper, we present the astrometric data collected by the international community, from the time of discovery until the object became too faint for all existing observational assets, including JWST. We also discuss the coordination role played by the International Asteroid Warning Network, and the importance of publicly available image archives to enable precovery searches.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kagyjc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Cephalopoda)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-160 -70,-150 -70,-150 -60,-160 -60,-160 -70))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015797-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.65vr5z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3160 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Digitaria eriantha)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3160 records from 113 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015799-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kfkk4a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Solenogastres)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((50 60,60 60,60 70,50 70,50 60))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015798-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t7gfcu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Solenogastres)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((40 60,50 60,50 70,40 70,40 60))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015801-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.evvz3x
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Solenogastres)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((30 60,40 60,40 70,30 70,30 60))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015802-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.