DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk1p
title: Data for: Reproductive tactics, birth timing and the risk-resource trade-off in an income breeder

description: In variable environments, habitats that are rich in resources often carry
 a higher risk of predation. As a result, natural selection should favour
 individuals that balance allocation of time to foraging versus avoiding
 predation through an optimal decision-making process that maximises
 fitness. The behavioural trade-off between resource acquisition and risk
 avoidance is expected to be particularly acute during gestation and
 lactation when the energetic demands of reproduction peak. Here, we
 investigated how reproductive female roe deer adjust their foraging
 activity and habitat use during the birth period to manage this trade-off
 compared to non-reproductive juveniles, and how parturition date
 constrains individual tactics of risk-resource management. Activity of
 reproductive females more than doubled immediately following parturition,
 when energy demand is highest. Furthermore, compared to non-reproductive
 juveniles, they increased their exposure to risk by using open habitat
 more during daytime and ranging closer to roads. However, these
 post-partum modifications in behaviour were particularly pronounced in
 late-parturient females who adopted a more risk-prone tactic, presumably
 to compensate for the growth handicap of their late-born offspring. In
 income breeders, individuals that give birth late may be constrained to
 trade risk avoidance for foraging during peak allocation to reproduction,
 with probable consequences for individual fitness.
description: # Data for: Reproductive tactics, birth timing and the risk-resource
 trade-off in an income breeder
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk1p](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk1p) Dataset contents R code, activity and spatial data used in this research ## Description of the data and file structure **1) "tab\_activity\_part1.RData":** *To analyse variation in activity level at the daily scale between reproductive and non-reproductive females* Description of variables: **-cap\_bague:** Individual identity **-VeDBA:** scaled values of Vector of Dynamic Body Acceleration **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day:** 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-reproductive\_status:** reproductive adults females (A) or non-reproductive juveniles females (J) **2)"tab\_hourly\_activity\_part1.RData":** *To analyse variation in activity level at the hourly scale between reproductive and non-reproductive females* Description of variables **-cap\_bague**: Individual identity **-VeDBA**: scaled values of Vector of Dynamic Body Acceleration **-hour:** hour of the day **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day**: 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-reproductive\_status:** reproductive adults females (A) or non-reproductive juvenile females (J) **-period:** prior (av) to and following (ap) individual date of parturition for reproductive females or population median parturition date [12th May] for non-reproductive juveniles **-reproductive\_status\_period**: interaction between reproductive\_status and period variables **3)"tab\_open\_habitat\_part1.RData":** *To analyse variation in open habitat use between reproductive and non-reproductive females* Description of variable **-cap\_bague:** Individual identity **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day:** 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-time:** time of the day; night (nuit) or day(jour) **-reproductive\_status:** reproductive adults females (A) or non-reproductive juvenile females (J) **-reproductive\_status\_time:** interaction between reproductive\_status and time variables **-open\_habitat:** location of animal; in open habitat (1) or not (0) **4)"tab\_dist\_part1.RData":** *To analyse variation in distance to the nearest road or woodland between reproductive and non-reproductive females when animal were in open habitat* Description of variables **-cap\_bague**: Individual identity **-distance\_road:** distance to the nearest road (m) **-distance\_woodland:** distance to the nearest woodland (m) **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day:** 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-time:** time of the day; night (nuit) or day(jour) **-reproductive\_status\_time:** interaction between reproductive\_status and time variables **-open\_habitat:** location of animal; in open habitat (1) or not (0) **-period:** prior (Pre) to and following (Post) individual date of parturition for reproductive females or population median parturition date for non-reproductive juveniles **-reproductive\_status:** reproductive adults females (A) or non-reproductive juvenile females (J) **5)"tab\_activity\_part2.RData":** *To analyse variation in activity level at the daily scale between early and late reproductive females* Description of variables **-cap\_bague:** Individual identity **-VeDBA:** scaled values of Vector of Dynamic Body Acceleration **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day:** 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-reproductive\_status:** reproductive adults females (A) **-period:** prior (Pre) to and following (Post) individual date of parturition for reproductive females **6)"tab\_open\_habitat\_part2.RData":** T*o analyse variation in open habitat use between early and late reproductive females* Description of variables **-cap\_bague:** Individual identity **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day:** 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-time:** time of the day; night (nuit) or day(jour) **-reproductive\_status\_time:** interaction between reproductive\_status and time variables **-open\_habitat:** location of animal; in open habitat (1) or not (0) **-period:** prior (Pre) to and following (Post) individual date of parturition for reproductive females **7)"tab\_dist\_part2.RData":** *To analyse variation in distance to the nearest road or woodland between early and late reproductive females when animal where in open habitat* Description of variables **-cap\_bague: I**ndividual identity **-distance\_road:** distance to the nearest road (m) **-distance\_woodland:** distance to the nearest woodland (m) **-parturition\_date:** Julian observed birth date for reproductive females or median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-day:** 60 days window centred on each female observed birth date for reproductive females or centred on the median parturition date in the population for non-reproductive juvenile females **-time:** time of the day; night (nuit) or day(jour) **-reproductive\_status\_time:** interaction between reproductive\_status and time variables **-open\_habitat:** location of animal; in open habitat (1) or not (0) **-period:** prior (Pre) to and following (Post) individual date of parturition for reproductive females ## Code/Software **"Script\_PROCS\_Benoit.R"** file: *Rcode to analyse dataset* ***Part I : Behavioural modifications in relation to reproductive status*** **-) Daily activity** --&gt; Use of "tab\_activity\_part1.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in activity level at the daily scale between reproductive and non-reproductive females **-) Figure 1** Creation of figure 1 of the manuscript: Variation in daily VeDBAactivity\* over the 60-day window centred on individual parturition date for reproductive females (in red) and on the population-level median parturition date (12th May) for non-reproductive juveniles (in blue). **-) Hourly activity** --&gt; Use of "tab\_hourly\_activity\_part1.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in activity level at the hourly scale between reproductive and non-reproductive females **-) Figure 2** Creation of figure 2 of the manuscript: Circadian variation in hourly VeDBAactivity\* for reproductive females (a; in red) and non-reproductive juveniles (b; in blue), prior to (dark colours) and following (light colours) parturition **-) Open habitat** --&gt; Use of "tab\_open\_habitat\_part1.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation open habitat used between reproductive and non-reproductive females **-) Distance to roads** --&gt; Use of "tab\_dist\_part1.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in distance to the nearest road between reproductive and non-reproductive females when animals were in open habitat **-) Distance to woodland** --&gt; Use of "tab\_dist\_part1.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in distance to the nearest woodland reproductive and non-reproductive females when animals were in open habitat **-) Figure 3** Creation of figure 3 of the manuscript : Variation in daytime habitat use over the 60-day window centred on individual parturition date for reproductive females (in red) and on the population-level median parturition date (12th May) for non-reproductive juveniles (in blue), <br> ***Part II : Behavioural modifications associated with parturition timing*** **-) Daily activity** --&gt; Use of "tab\_activity\_part2.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in activity level at the daily scale associated with parturition timing **-) Open habitat** --&gt; Use of "tab\_open\_habitat\_part2.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation open habitat used associated with parturition timing **-) Distance to roads** --&gt; Use of "tab\_dist\_part2.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in distance to the nearest road associated with parturition timing **-) Distance to woodland** --&gt; Use of "tab\_dist\_part2.RData" Models creation and selection using AIC to study variation in distance to the nearest woodland associated with parturition timing **-) Figure 4** Creation of figure 4 of the manuscript: Variation in activity level and daytime habitat use of reproductive females prior to (orange line) and following (purple line) parturition in relation to the timing of parturition: (a) daily VeDBAactivity\*, (b) proportion of open habitat used, (c) distance to the nearest woodland when in open habitat and (d) distance to the nearest road when in open habitat