DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncw9
title: Effect of smartphone location on pharmacy students’ attention and working memory

description: Objectives: Smartphone use has become ubiquitous worldwide. Despite
 smartphone-related convenience, smartphone use has raised concerns
 regarding addiction among university undergraduates. This study aimed to
 examine the effect of smartphone location, such as desk, bag, and another
 room, on working memory, based on electroencephalography parameters, in
 pharmacy students. Key findings: Thirty-six students were enrolled in the
 study. Smartphone location had no effect on electroencephalography
 outcomes and working memory. Partial correlation coefficients between
 alpha and beta and between theta and alpha values were statistically
 significant when the smartphone was on the desk (r = 0.869, p &lt;
 0.0001; r = 0.887, p &lt; 0.0001; respectively), however, those
 between alpha and beta values were not statistically significant when the
 smartphone was in the bag and outside the room. Conclusions: Smartphone
 locations did not affect either electroencephalography or working memory
 findings. Smartphones located in the bag and outside the room seemed to
 influence students’ concentration on the task, but this effect did not
 affect working memory.
description: The effects of smartphone use on pharmacy students’ attention and
 working memory were examined using electroencephalography measurements
 obtained during a specific task. We also examined associations among
 electroencephalography variables (theta, alpha, and beta waves), working
 memory, correct memory, correct operation, response time, smartphone
 dependency questionnaire score, grade point average, average daily phone
 use, Line use, Instagram use, Facebook use, Google use, Yahoo use, and
 music application use. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated
 for these variables.
description: # Effect of smartphone location on pharmacy students’ attention and
 working memory Author(s) Naoto Nakagawa, Pharm.D., Ph.D. School of
 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan 31-1
 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan Email:
 Keita Odanaka, Ph.D.; School of
 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
 Hiroshi Ohara, Ph.D.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University,
 Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan Toshinori Ito; School of Pharmaceutical
 Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan Shigeki Kisara,
 Ph.D.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama,
 Fukushima, Japan Kitae Ito, Ph.D.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu
 University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan **File list:** All data **File
 descriptions** Details for: All data The file is a table to analyze for
 all data Format(s): .csv Dimensions: 37 rows x 33 columns Variables: \*
 Student: Sophomore or Freshman \* No: Number \* Sex F/M: f=female, m=male
 \* Line use: unit is min/day \* Phone use: unit is min/day \* Instagram
 use: unit is min/day \* Facebook use: unit is min/day \* Google use: unit
 is min/day \* Yahoo use: unit is min/day \* Music application use: unit is
 min/day \* GPA: Grade point average \* Dependence score : 0 to 84 \*
 Alpha_Intervention.1: unit is microV \* Alpha_Intervention.2: unit is
 microV \* Alpha_Intervention.3: unit is microV \* beta_Intervention 1:
 unit is microV \* beta_Intervention 2: unit is microV \* beta_Intervention
 3: unit is microV \* theta\_ Intervention 1: unit is microV \* theta\_
 Intervention 2: unit is microV \* theta\_ Intervention 3: unit is microV
 \* Span score_Intervention 1: \* Span score_Intervention 2 \* Span
 score_Intervention 3 \* Memory correct_Intervention 1: 0 to 1 (0% to 100%)
 \* Memory correct_Intervention 2: 0 to 1 (0% to 100%) \* Memory
 correct_Intervention 3: 0 to 1 (0% to 100%) \* Operation
 correct_Intervention 1: 0 to 1 (0% to 100%) \* Operation
 correct_Intervention 2: 0 to 1 (0% to 100%) \* Operation
 correct_Intervention 3: 0 to 1 (0% to 100%) \* Response time1: unit is
 milliseconds \* Response time2: unit is milliseconds \* Response time3:
 unit is milliseconds Row 34 has some blank cells because the student did
 not record the time.