cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d35s0
title: Data from: Changes in corneal biomechanical properties after long-term topical prostaglandin therapy

description: Objective: To compare corneal biomechanical properties, measured by a
 newly developed tonometer (Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug
 Technology?Corvis ST), in untreated primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
 patients?POAG patients with long-term topical prostaglandin analog (PGA)
 therapy and in normal controls. Further is to investigate the potential
 effects of PGA on corneal biomechanics. Methods: In this case-control
 study, 35 consecutive medication naïve eyes with POAG, 34 POAG eyes with
 at least 2 years treatment by PGA and 19 normal eyes were included.
 Intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal
 biomechanical parameters, including deformation amplitude (DA),
 applanation time (AT1 and AT2), applanation length (AL1 and AL2),
 applanation velocity (AV1 and AV2), and peak distance and radius were
 measured using Corvis ST. Axial length and corneal curvature were measured
 with partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster, Zeiss, Germany). General
 linear model analysis was performed to investigate the corneal
 biomechanical property changes among the normal controls, newly diagnosed
 POAG patients and POAG patients with long-term PGA treatment, and among
 the subgroups of different types of PGA treatment, including bimatoprost,
 latanoprost and travoprost. Furthermore, pairwise comparisons using
 Bonferroni correction for least squares means were employed. Results: AT1
 (p&lt;0.0001), AV1 (p&lt;0.0001), AT2 (p=0.0001), AV2
 (p&lt;0.0001) and DA (p=0.0004) in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients
 were significantly different from those in normal subjects and in patients
 underwent at least 2 years topical PGA therapy after adjusting for age and
 gender. After adjusting for age, gender, IOP, CCT, axial length and
 corneal curvature, a significant difference was detected for DA between
 glaucoma patients without PGA treatment and patients with long-term PGA
 therapy (p=0.0387). Furthermore, there were no statistical significant
 differences in all of the corneal biomechanical parameters among the 3
 types of PGA therapy subgroups, namely bimatoprost, latanoprost and
 travoprost. Conclusions: Significant changes in corneal deformation
 parameters were found among untreated POAG patients, POAG patients with
 long-term topical PGA therapy and normal controls. Long-term topical PGA
 treatment might have a direct effect on corneal biomechanical properties
 in addition to the indirect effect owing to the PGA-induced IOP reduction
 and CCT decrease on corneal dynamic properties.
description: Na Wu-corvis primary
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sq15g
title: Data from: Mowing exacerbates the loss of ecosystem stability under nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland

description: Summary: 1. Global reactive nitrogen (N) is projected to further increase
 in the coming years. Previous studies have demonstrated that N enrichment
 weakens the temporal stability of ecosystem primary productivity through
 decreased biodiversity and species asynchrony. Mowing is a globally common
 practice in grasslands; and infrequent mowing can maintain or increase
 plant diversity under N enrichment conditions. However, it is unclear how
 infrequent mowing affects ecosystem stability in the face of N enrichment.
 2. By independently manipulating the frequency (twice vs. monthly
 additions yr–1) and rate (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 g N m–2
 yr–1) of NH4NO3 inputs and mowing (unmown vs. mown) over three years
 (2011–2013) in a temperate grassland of northern China, we aimed to
 examine the interactive effects of N enrichment and mowing on ecosystem
 stability. 3. The results show that mowing maintained a positive
 relationship between species richness and ecosystem stability despite N
 addition but that it exacerbated the negative effects of N addition on
 ecosystem stability. Mowing increased mean primary productivity and plant
 species richness, but it also increased the synchrony of population
 fluctuations and the variability of primary productivity under N
 enrichment, thereby contributing to a decline in ecosystem stability. 4.
 Thus, our study reveals that infrequent mowing can buffer the negative
 effects of N enrichment on biodiversity to some extent and further
 increase primary productivity but it exacerbates the loss of ecosystem
 stability with N enrichment, thereby threatening local and/or semiarid
 regional food security.
description: Zhang et al
 FE-2016-00948.R1effects of the frequency
 and the rate of N addition and mowing on species richness, species
 asynchrony, ecosystem productivity and standard deviation, and ecosystem
 stability.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0m7b5
title: Data from: Social interactions predict genetic diversification: an experimental manipulation in shorebirds

description: Mating strategy and social behaviour influence gene flow and thus affect
 levels of genetic differentiation and potentially speciation. Previous
 genetic analyses of closely related plovers Charadrius spp. found
 strikingly different population genetic structure in Madagascar:
 Kittlitz’s plovers are spatially homogenous whereas white-fronted plovers
 have well segregated and geographically distinct populations. Here we test
 the hypotheses that Kittlitz’s plovers are spatially interconnected and
 have extensive social interactions that facilitate gene flow, whereas
 white-fronted plovers are spatially discrete and have limited social
 interactions. By experimentally removing mates from breeding pairs and
 observing the movements of mate-searching plovers in both species, we
 compare the spatial behaviour of Kittlitz’s and white-fronted plovers
 within a breeding season. The behaviour of experimental birds was largely
 consistent with expectations: Kittlitz’s plovers travelled further, sought
 new mates in larger areas, and interacted with more individuals than
 white-fronted plovers, however there was no difference in breeding
 dispersal. These results suggest that mating strategies, through spatial
 behaviour and social interactions, are predictors of gene flow and thus
 genetic differentiation and speciation. Our study highlights the
 importance of using social behaviour to understand gene flow, although
 future work is needed to investigate the relative importance of social
 structure, intra- and between-season dispersal in influencing the genetic
 structures of populations.
description: data_individual_summaryContains data on both Kittlitz’s (kip) and white-fronted (wfp) plover experimental individuals.data_plover_relocationsContains the relocation coordinates of experimental individuals used in the analysis.data_wfp_behaviour_matrixContains a behavioural interaction matrix of experimental white-fronted plovers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn1ns
title: Data from: High hunting pressure selects for earlier birth date: wild boar as a case study

description: Exploitation by humans affects the size and structure of populations. This
 has evolutionary and demographic consequences that have typically being
 studied independent of one another. We here applied a framework recently
 developed applying quantitative tools from population ecology and
 selection gradient analysis to quantify the selection on a quantitative
 trait - birth date - through its association with multiple fitness
 components. From the long-term monitoring (22 years) of a wild boar (Sus
 scrofa scrofa) population subject to markedly increasing hunting pressure,
 we found that birth dates have advanced by up to 12 days throughout the
 study period. During the period of low hunting pressure, there was no
 detectable selection. However, during the period of high hunting pressure,
 the selection gradient linking breeding probability in the first year of
 life to birth date was negative, supporting current life history theory
 predicting selection for early births to reproduce within the first year
 of life with increasing adult mortality.
description: Birth timing data of
 wild boardata
 CMR+repro.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m1c1g
title: Data from: Swing-Leg Trajectory of Running Guinea Fowl Suggests Task-Level Priority of Force Regulation Rather than Disturbance Rejection

description: To achieve robust and stable legged locomotion in uneven terrain, animals
 must effectively coordinate limb swing and stance phases, which involve
 distinct yet coupled dynamics. Recent theoretical studies have highlighted
 the critical influence of swing-leg trajectory on stability, disturbance
 rejection, leg loading and economy of walking and running. Yet,
 simulations suggest that not all these factors can be simultaneously
 optimized. A potential trade-off arises between the optimal swing-leg
 trajectory for disturbance rejection (to maintain steady gait) versus
 regulation of leg loading (for injury avoidance and economy). Here we
 investigate how running guinea fowl manage this potential trade-off by
 comparing experimental data to predictions of hypothesis-based simulations
 of running over a terrain drop perturbation. We use a simple model to
 predict swing-leg trajectory and running dynamics. In simulations, we
 generate optimized swing-leg trajectories based upon specific hypotheses
 for task-level control priorities. We optimized swing trajectories to
 achieve i) constant peak force, ii) constant axial impulse, or iii)
 perfect disturbance rejection (steady gait) in the stance following a
 terrain drop. We compare simulation predictions to experimental data on
 guinea fowl running over a visible step down. Swing and stance dynamics of
 running guinea fowl closely match simulations optimized to regulate leg
 loading (priorities i and ii), and do not match the simulations optimized
 for disturbance rejection (priority iii). The simulations reinforce
 previous findings that swing-leg trajectory targeting disturbance
 rejection demands large increases in stance leg force following a terrain
 drop. Guinea fowl negotiate a downward step using unsteady dynamics with
 forward acceleration, and recover to steady gait in subsequent steps. Our
 results suggest that guinea fowl use swing-leg trajectory consistent with
 priority for load regulation, and not for steadiness of gait. Swing-leg
 trajectory optimized for load regulation may facilitate economy and injury
 avoidance in uneven terrain.
description: step variables
 spreadsheetSpreadsheet containing
 the scalar values measured for each step, including the leg contact
 conditions, peak forces, horizontal and total force impulse and net change
 in body center of mass energy. See the paper for full details on how the
 variables were calculated.GFData_stepVariables.csvNormalization parametersThe values of normalization parameters used in the analysis, for each individual, to allow back-calculation to SI units if necessary.GFData_normParams.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7hs87bh
title: Data from: Outcomes in patients with infections and augmented renal clearance: a multicenter retrospective study

description: Recently, augmented renal clearance (ARC), which accelerates glomerular
 filtration of renally eliminated drugs thereby reducing the systemic
 exposure to these drugs, has started to receive attention. However, the
 clinical features associated with ARC are still not well understood,
 especially in the Japanese population. This study aimed to evaluate the
 clinical characteristics and outcomes of ARC patients with infections in
 Japanese intensive care unit (ICU) settings. We conducted a retrospective
 observational study from April 2013 to May 2017 at two tertiary level ICUs
 in Japan, which included 280 patients with infections (median age 74
 years; interquartile range, 64–83 years). We evaluated the estimated
 glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at ICU admission using the Japanese
 equation, and ARC was defined as eGFR &gt;130 mL/min/1.73 m2.
 Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the
 independent risk factors for ARC and to determine if it was a predictor of
 ICU mortality. In addition, a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was
 performed, and the area under the ROC (AUROC) was determined to examine
 the significant variables that predict ARC. In total, 19 patients (6.8%)
 manifested ARC. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified
 younger age as an independent risk factor for ARC (odds ratio [OR], 0.94;
 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–0.96). However, ARC was not found to be
 a predictor of ICU mortality (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.11–2.92). In addition,
 the AUROC of age was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.91), and the optimal cut off age
 for ARC was ≤63 years (sensitivity, 68.4%; specificity, 78.9%). The
 incidence of ARC was, therefore, low among patients with infections in the
 Japanese ICUs. Although younger age was associated with the incidence of
 ARC, it was not an independent predictor of ICU mortality.
description: ARC
 dataOutcomes in japanese
 patients with infections and augmented renal clearance
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f452v
title: Data from: Contemporary evolution of plant reproductive strategies under global change is revealed by stored seeds

description: Global change is expected to impose new selection pressures on natural
 populations. Phenotypic responses, such as earlier phenology in response
 to climate warming, have been repeatedly observed in the field. The recent
 pollinator decline is also expected to change selection on reproductive
 traits in flowering plants. However, it remains unclear whether short-term
 adaptation of plant reproductive strategies occurs in response to global
 change. In this study, we report the evolution of some important
 reproductive traits of the annual self-incompatible weed Centaurea cyanus.
 In a common garden experiment we germinated stored seeds, sampled 18 years
 apart from the same location, in a region where warmer springs and indices
 of pollinator decline have been reported. Compared to the ancestral
 population (1992), our results showed that plants of the descendant
 population (2010) flowered earlier and also produced larger capitula with
 longer receptivity and a larger floral display. QST -FST comparisons
 indicated that natural selection has likely contributed to the evolution
 of some of the traits investigated. Lower FST within temporal samples than
 among spatial samples further suggests a limited role of gene flow from
 neighboring populations. We therefore propose that trait shifts could
 partly be due to adaptation to global change.
description: Data Thomann et
 al.Phenotypic and genetic
 data from Thomann et al.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.81081
title: Data from: Environmental modification via a quorum sensing molecule influences the social landscape of siderophore production

description: Bacteria produce a wide variety of exoproducts that favourably modify
 their environment and increase their fitness. These are often termed
 ‘public goods’ because they are costly for individuals to produce and can
 be exploited by non-producers (cheats). The outcome of conflict over
 public goods is dependent upon the prevailing environment and the
 phenotype of the individuals in competition. Many bacterial species use
 quorum sensing (QS) signalling molecules to regulate the production of
 public goods. QS, therefore, determines the cooperative phenotype of
 individuals, and influences conflict over public goods. In addition to
 their regulatory functions, many QS molecules have additional properties
 that directly modify the prevailing environment. This leads to the
 possibility that QS molecules could influence conflict over public goods
 indirectly through non-signalling effects, and the impact of this on
 social competition has not previously been explored. The Pseudomonas
 aeruginosa QS signal molecule PQS is a powerful chelator of iron which can
 cause an iron starvation response. Here, we show that PQS stimulates a
 concentration-dependent increase in the cooperative production of iron
 scavenging siderophores, resulting in an increase in the relative fitness
 of non-producing siderophore cheats. This is likely due to an increased
 cost of siderophore output by producing cells and a concurrent increase in
 the shared benefits, which accrue to both producers and cheats. Although
 PQS can be a beneficial signalling molecule for P. aeruginosa, our data
 suggest that it can also render a siderophore-producing population
 vulnerable to competition from cheating strains. More generally, our
 results indicate that the production of one social trait can indirectly
 affect the costs and benefits of another social trait.
description: Popat_et_al_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8j41r
title: Data from: Pythons, parasites and pests: anthropogenic impacts on Sarcocystis (Sarcocystidae) transmission in a multi-host system

description: Parasites are essential components of ecosystems and can be instrumental
 in maintaining host diversity and populations; however, their role in
 trophic interactions has often been overlooked. Three apicomplexan
 parasite species of Sarcocystis (S. singaporensis, S. zamani, and S.
 villivillosi) use the reticulated python as their definitive hosts and
 several species within the Rattus genus as intermediate hosts, and they
 form a system useful for studying interactions between host–parasite and
 predator–prey relationships, as well as anthropogenic impacts on parasite
 transmission. Based on predictions from a 1998 survey, which detected an
 inverse relationship between urban development and Sarcocystis infection
 in Rattus, we tested the hypothesis that Sarcocystis transmission in
 Singapore will decrease over time due to anthropogenic activities. Despite
 a large proportion of the reticulated python diet consisting of Rattus
 species at all sizes of pythons, Sarcocystis infection rates decreased
 from 1998 to 2010. Pythons found in industrial areas had lower Sarcocystis
 infection rates, particularly in the western industrial area of Singapore
 Island. Average python size also decreased, with implications that we
 predict may disrupt host–parasite relationships. Anthropogenic activities
 such as habitat modification, fragmentation, and systematic removal and
 translocation of pythons have negative impacts on Sarcocystis transmission
 in Singapore, which in turn may augment pest rat populations. Trends
 observed may ultimately have negative impacts on human health and
 biodiversity in the region.
description: Reticulated Python Diet
 and Sarcocystis infectionLengths, locations, diet
 and presence of Sarcocystis infection in reticulated pythons captured
 between June 2009 and May 2010Raw_Data_ADS_python_Biotropica.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ds68r
title: Data from: Paternal-effects in a terrestrial ectotherm are temperature dependent but no evidence for adaptive effects

description: 1. Global rising of average temperatures and increase in extreme climatic
 events may largely impact animal survival and reproduction. Yet, how
 variation in temperature may affect male fertility, in particular
 ejaculate traits, and whether this can in turn affect offspring fitness,
 is seldom addressed. Paternal effects may be of key importance as they
 could impact the rate and direction of evolutionary change in response to
 climate change. 2. We tested the effects of temperature experienced by
 males on sperm traits, and asked whether the paternal environmental
 temperature affected offspring phenotype. We further explored the
 potential for paternal effects to be adaptive, which would occur when
 offspring fitness increased under the same environmental conditions
 experienced by the fathers. We exposed male field crickets to high or low
 temperatures at two life stages, either throughout development or as
 adults, and tested sperm traits (number and quality) and offspring fitness
 (hatching success and survival). We further assessed sperm traits in
 offspring, after they had also been exposed to the same or different
 temperature experienced by their father. 3. We found that temperature
 affected sperm traits depending on the life-stage of individuals. When the
 exposure was given during adulthood, males exposed to high temperature
 produced less sperm and of lower quality compared to males exposed to the
 lower temperature, while if exposure was given during development males
 exposed to high temperature produced more sperm and of better quality
 compared to males exposed to low temperatures. Offspring fitness was
 significantly affected by paternal temperature, evidence for anticipatory
 paternal effects on sperm traits was not found. 4. Our study indicates
 that temperature can mediate cross-generational effects, and that paternal
 effects may be mediated by changes in temperature and therefore much more
 widespread in nature than previously assumed.
description: fathersSperm traits (number & viability), body weight (g) of male crickets (fathers) exposed to High (H) or Low (L) temperature since development (DEV) or since adulthood (AD)offspring hatching successHatching success of offspring generated by male crickets (fathers - see main text) that were exposed to High (H) or Low (L) temperature since development (DEV) or since adulthood (AD)offspring survivalSurvival (at 7 weeks) for offspring generated by male crickets (fathers - see main text) exposed to High (H) or Low (L) temperature since development (DEV) or since adulthood (AD)offspringSperm traits (number & viability), body weight (g) of male crickets (offspring - see main text) exposed to High (H) or Low (L) temperature. Also relative (_rel) values were calculated for those traits (see text for further details).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6r725
title: Data from: Genetic structure of a naturally regenerating post-fire seedling population: Pinus halepensis as a case study

description: To study the effects of wildfire on population genetics of a wind
 pollinated and wind dispersed tree, we have analyzed the genetic structure
 of a post-fire, naturally regenerating seedling population of Pinus
 halepensis Miller, on Mt. Carmel, Israel. We tested the existence of
 spatial genetic structure, which is expected due to the special spatial
 demographic structure of the post-fire seedling and sapling populations of
 this species. Explicitly, we asked whether or not seedlings that
 germinated under large, burned, dead pine trees are also their offspring.
 The results revealed that the post-fire seedling population is
 polymorphic, diverse, and reflects the pre-fire random mating system. In
 contrast to our prediction, we found no division of the post-fire seedling
 population to distinct sub-populations. Furthermore, as a result of
 post-fire seed dispersal to longer range than the average pre-fire
 inter-tree distance, seedlings found under individual burned trees were
 not necessarily their sole offspring. Although the population as a whole
 showed a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, significant excess of heterozygotes
 was found within each tallest seedlings group growing under single, large,
 burned pine trees. Our finding indicates the possible existence of intense
 natural selection for the most vigorous heterozygous genotypes that are
 best adapted to the special post-fire regeneration niche, which is the
 thick ash bed under large, dead, pine trees.
description: Gershberg et al., - all
 data for DryadMicrosatellites results
 Colum A – individual ID (seedling ‘group’ on left, then individual number
 within the group) Colum B – The number of the burned tree (the seedling
 ‘group’) Colum C+D the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite
 A5A12 Colum E+F the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite B4F08
 Colum G+H the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite PtTx3107
 Colum I+J the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite Pest2669
 Colum K+L the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite PtTx3116
 Colum M+N the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite pEST1489
 Colum O+P the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite PHAF2 Colum
 Q+R the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite ITPH4516 Colum S+T
 the length (in bp) of the alleles of microsatellite PHAF01. -1=missing
 dataGershberg et al., - all
 data for Dryad