cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-7etr-7h76
title: Natural Hazards Research Summit 2022: NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility with Large  Scale Multi-Directional Hybrid Simulation Testing Capabilities

description: The NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility, as part of the NSF-funded Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) program, was established in 2016 as an open-access facility. This facility enables researchers to conduct state-of-art research on natural hazard mitigation in civil infrastructure systems, including high-performance numerical and physical testing to improve the resilience and sustainability of the civil infrastructure against natural hazards. The facility has the unique ability to conduct real-time multi-directional hybrid simulation (RTHS) on large-scale structural systems using 3D non-linear numerical models combined with large-scale physical models of structural and non-structural components. The Lehigh Experimental Facility possesses testbeds that include a lateral load-resisting system characterization testbed, a non-structural component multi-directional dynamic loading simulator, full-scale and reduced-scale damper testbeds, a tsunami and storm surge debris impact force testbed, a soil-foundation structure interaction testbed, and multi-directional shake table testbed.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-frkm-mg36
title: Natural Hazards Research Summit 2024: Hospital Emergency Operations Activation: Disaster or Steady State Function?

description: Hospitals and emergency departments provide essential critical care during disasters and must be prepared to activate the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) during significant patient surge events.  We evaluate historical storm events correlated with emergency department visit data to determine appropriateness of recommended EOP activation triggers.  

This research is not currently found in publication and can provide emergency planners, emergency department leaders, and hospital leadership more information when determining EOP activation triggers in their geographical area.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-ftkc-v575
title: ODA01: CENTRIFUGE MODELING OF VERTICAL DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT-INDUCED CRACKS IN A LEVEE
title: in Centrifuge modeling of vertical differential settlement-induced cracking in a levee

description: A centrifuge test (ODA01) was used as a proof-of-concept test to investigate the effect of vertical differential settlement on crack formation in a model levee. The Yolo loam embankment levee and its foundation were 250 mm and 62.5 mm high in prototype scale, respectively. Viscous pore fluid was used to simulate water behind the levee at a height of 225 mm and the test was conducted at 40g. The foundation of the levee included a moving part (a hydraulic table) and a non-moving part (a jointed wood table). The hydraulic actuators were extended to a maximum height of 25 mm before the start of the test. In the centrifuge, the hydraulic table was lowered to a maximum settlement of 25 mm to simulate the differential settlement of the levee. Hairline, transverse and longitudinal cracks were effectively induced in the levee through this vertical differential settlement. Furthermore, seepage flow was initiated through the cracks. The seepage flow stopped after some time without significant erosion, likely due to swelling of the soil around the crack and lowering of the upstream water level.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-hx54-sn38
title: Mechanics-informed machine learning for geospatial modeling of soil liquefaction: New Zealand model map products for LPI, LPIish, and LSN

description: This dataset contains a suite of raster files (GeoTiffs) which comprise a regional geospatial liquefaction model for the country of New Zealand. This geospatial liquefaction model is designed to predict manifestation of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction at the ground surface through geospatial surrogate models of three standard-of-practice geotechnical models: the liquefaction potential index (LPI); a modified LPI, termed LPIISH; and the liquefaction severity number (LSN). The dataset includes a folder for each surrogate geospatial liquefaction model (LPI, LPIISH, and LSN) with subfolders for the (1) model parameters (“Model”); and (2) the variance classifications (“Variance”).
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-q7zj-1v49
title: Structural Dynamics Principals Demonstrated With 3-D Printed Models
title: in 3D-Printing Dynamics Design (3D3) Competition – Fall 2023

description: The 3D-printing Dynamics Design (3D3) Competition intends to train School of Civil Engineering & Environmental Science (CEES) undergraduates at the University of Oklahoma in fundamental concepts related to vibrations, structural dynamics, and earthquake engineering through a semester-long, hands-on competition run in parallel with Introduction to Dynamics for Architectural and Civil Engineers (CEES 3263). Competition participants, or 3D3 Scholars, design, build, and test a bench-scale shake table using 3D-printed components. The designs of these shake tables are published here, along with all the STL files needed for teachers or students elsewhere to fabricate the tables. Also, the data collected during the challenges is published.
description: Structural dynamics is the study of the behavior of structures under dynamic loads and forces. This report displays various concepts in dynamics by creating and testing 3D printed models designed and tested with certain goals. The project is organized into four Challenges, each exploring a specific dynamics concept. Challenge 1 analyzes angular acceleration and inertia’s impact on a wheel. Challenge 2 is based around designing and testing a reciprocating motion device capable of turning rotational displacement into linear displacement. Challenge 3 focuses on designing a small structure’s columns to have a specific natural frequency. Challenge 4 combines the reciprocating motion device and the structure from the previous two challenges to make a shake table. This shake table tests the structure at several different forcing frequencies to observe the impact that the forcing frequency has on the displacement at the top of the structure.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-sekd-j098
title: Microtremor Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (mHVSR) Data Collection at Baldwin Hills, 2023
title: in Microtremor Measurements Performed Within Southern California

description: The Baldwin Hills are a large mountainous region of the Los Angeles Basin (LAB). This area experiences seismic activity due to its proximity to the Newport-Inglewood fault and other faults within the LAB.  In an effort to better understand the geology and also aid in future site response model development, microtremor Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (mHVSR) surveys were performed specifically near vertical arrays. Collaborative research between the University of Southern California (USC) and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) have performed mHVSR surveys at 4 areas within Kenneth Hahn State Park in the Baldwin Hills area. The HVSR spectra developed using this dataset may be accessed in the United States Community Shear-Wave Velocity (VS) Profile Database (PDB) (https://vspdb.org). This work was supported by the Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California(USC).
description: Microtremor Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (mHVSR) are derived from ratios of the horizontal and vertical components of a Fourier Amplitude Spectra (FAS) from a 3-component recording of microtremors. This is done by recording ground vibrations either from a temporarily-deployed broadband seismometer, typically recording for a relatively short period of time (~1-2 hrs.), or from a permanently-installed broadband seismometer for a longer period of time. mHVSR can be very useful in identifying resonant frequencies where peaks in mHVSR represent resonance from impedance contrasts at a site. Many studies have found that the lowest resonant peak found in mHVSR is associated with the fundamental frequency of site. This study aims to perform mHVSR surveys at various sites in southern California to aid in the development of site response models by utilizing mHVSR to inform them and to also aid in the development of a large publicly accessible database for use in furthering research using mHVSR. This work will aid in a larger project associated with another DesignSafe doi (PRJ-4064). The database has been established and is available in the United States Community Shear-Wave Velocity (VS) Profile Database (PDB) (https://vspdb.org); the work presented in this doi is contributing to this database.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-2b49-dx51
title: Informally-Constructed houses in Puerto Rico under Hurricane load
title: in Building Capacity for Safer Post-disaster Shelter: Leveraging Local Understanding and Advanced Engineering Assessments

description: There is an urgent need to improve community capacity to recover more effectively after disasters through safer design and construction practices. To do this, training programs need to foster an improved understanding of shelter design and construction to withstand future wind and earthquake events. This project analyzed perceptions of those working in the informal construction sector of housing safety in Puerto Rico (after 2017's Hurricane Maria and the 2019-2020 earthquake swarm) and homeowner’s perceptions of housing safety in Philippines (after 2013's Typhoon Haiyan and 2017's Ormoc earthquake) to: (1) assess local understanding of shelter safety in multiple hazards, including causal factors influencing this understanding, through a household survey in the Philippines and a survey to of builders in Puerto Rico (Venable et al. 2020; Goldwyn et al. 2021; Goldwyn et al. 2022); (2) assess the expected performance of various post-disaster shelter typologies to quantify safety during future earthquake and wind events using performance-based engineering methods (see citations associated with the data sets); (3) identify conflicts between perceived and assessed safety of shelter, and why these conflicts exist, by comparing engineering assessments with local perceptions (Venable et al. 2021 and Goldwyn et al. 2022); and (4) create and assess a communication design for organizations assisting with training for safer housing construction (Goldwyn et al. 2023).
description: This study assesses the wind performance of various housing typologies representing informal construction practices in Puerto Rico to suggest modifications to enhance housing resilience in hurricanes. Based on fieldwork and interviews, the study defined four base housing typologies and possible variations in design and construction details. Each house was assessed using performance-based static wind analysis of potentially critical components. The results show that the initial governing failure mode in all base house typologies considered is roof panel loss due to tear-through at the fasteners, with subsequent governing failures being panel loss due to failures at the purlin-to-truss connections and failures of the truss-to-wall connections. In-plane wall failures and masonry uplift failures were both found to occur at much higher wind speeds than roof failures. To improve the hurricane performance, several feasible modifications are suggested, including installing hurricane straps at both the truss-to-wall and the purlin-to-truss connections, as well as improving the panel-fastener interface. In the construction of new roofs, this study found that using reduced spacing between roof members, hip roofs instead of gable roofs, and higher roof slopes leads to improved performance. These recommendations can make houses built through informal construction processes safer and more resilient to hurricanes as a form of climate adaptation.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-44cm-n486
title: DesignSafe Academy Project: Identifying Social Disparities in the Use of Reporting Systems During Natural Hazards—A Houston Case Study

description: Situational awareness data inequity could translate to inequitable emergency response and recovery assistance. This project collected historical community flood reports and contextualized them with sociodemographic and flood inundation data to quantify and visualize situational awareness data equity during Hurricane Harvey in Houston. Insights gained during this project will enable inequity-aware emergency response and recovery strategies and promote long-term community resilience.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-6vgp-7x69
title: Incremental Dynamic Analysis Results
title: in Performance of Structures with Clutch Inerters Subjected to Near-Field and Far-Field Seismic Excitation

description: Damage to structures caused by earthquakes results in direct and indirect losses
that inhibit a community’s ability to recover. The installation of passive
control devices is one means to mitigate damage. A variety of passive control
devices exist. Inerter-based devices have received attention for their ability
to provide large-added mass effects, while having a relatively small physical
mass. This is typically achieved with a mechanism that converts translational
motion to the rotation of a flywheel. In a clutch inerter, the conversion occurs
in a one-way fashion such that energy transferred to the flywheel cannot
transfer back from the device to the structure it is attached to. Such behavior
could be particularly advantageous in mitigating the effects of near-field
earthquakes. However, few studies have considered the seismic performance of
structures with clutch inerters. As a result, the effect of the device
parameters (i.e., effective mass and damping), the ability of the device to
delay the yielding of the structure, and the relative effectiveness of the
device in far-field and near-field earthquakes, which more often include a
dominant pulse, are uncertain. This paper addresses these gaps in knowledge
through a numerical study of a SDOF structure with a clutch inerter. This
system, which is modeled in the OpenSees framework, considers the nonlinear
behavior of the structure itself that would result from yielding in the
structural system in addition to the nonlinear behavior of the clutch inerter.
Incremental dynamic analyses were performed with suites of recorded earthquake
ground motions. The results of these analyses showed that the clutch inerter is
typically significantly more effective than a comparable viscous damper. It was
also found that the performance of the clutch inerter was more sensitive to
damping when subjected to far-field excitations. The results of this study show
that the clutch inerter has great potential as a passive control device for
delaying the onset of yielding and otherwise mitigating the effects of a wide
range of types of seismic excitations.
description: Response to recorded ground motions of SDOF oscillators equipped with clutch inerter dampers. Summarized results are provided in HDF5 and compressed CSV formats.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-7jmq-q394
title: Natural Hazards Research Summit 2024: Potential for Mitigating Hurricane Wind Impact on Informally-Constructed Homes in Puerto Rico under Current and Future Climate Scenarios

description: This study investigates the resilience of informally-constructed light-frame timber houses in Puerto Rico, a region where households with limited resources face significant risks from climate hazards, notably hurricanes. This study conducts a component-based, performance-based wind engineering assessment of informally-constructed house typologies, defined based on extensive fieldwork, under both existing and projected future climate conditions. Key findings highlight the effectiveness of certain mitigation strategies, such as reinforcing roof-to-wall connections, in significantly reducing the probability of failure. Fully-mitigated cases, which involve applying mitigation measures to the roof envelope, roof-to-wall connections, and shear walls, exhibited annual probabilities of failure that are much closer to, but do not necessarily meet, the threshold targeted by American building standards (i.e., ASCE 7). The results also show a dramatic increase in probability of failure of these houses projected by the adopted climate change model scenarios, driven by the increased frequency and intensity of hurricanes in Puerto Rico. Results from feedback from those working in the informal construction sector also identify challenges hindering the effective implementation of mitigation measures in Puerto Rican communities, including a lack of knowledge about how to implement the mitigation strategies and barriers related to real and perceived costs. Taken together these results underscore the urgent need for changes in building practices and revising building standards and suggesting potentially feasible mitigation strategies to improve those practices.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-bt1g-rm32
title: System effects in T-shaped timber shear walls: effects of transverse walls, diaphragms, and axial loading under seismic loading: Supplementary Material

description: This project explores the impact of transverse shear walls (TSW), diaphragm out-of-plane bending stiffness (FDIA), and axial loading (AXL) on the lateral dynamics of strong wood-frame shear walls (SWs) in multi-story light frame timber buildings (LFTBs) in highly seismic areas. Through experimental tests, it examines SW-to-TSW connection requirements for optimal TSW effects in non-planar SWs and assesses the lateral cyclic behavior of T-shaped SW assemblies, with a focus on both slotted and screwed connections for SW-to-TSW, highlighting the slotted connection's superior performance. The study finds TSWs significantly enhance stiffness and strength, albeit at the expense of deformation capacity, a limitation mitigated by FDIA and AXL. Diaphragms contribute to symmetrical responses and better overall performance, as evidenced in numerical models showing substantial reductions in lateral drift and uplift in T-shaped versus planar SWs, underlining the critical role of system effects in seismic LFTB design. Supplementary materials related to this research have been uploaded to the data deposit accompanying the published paper.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-dsfs-pj43
title: Natural Hazards Research Summit 2024: Satellite-Based Early Flood Warning System Framework for Sparsely Gauged to Ungauged Basins in Developing Regions

description: This project evaluated some freely available satellite measurements, observations, and tools useful for flood management in sparsely gauged to ungauged river basins in developing regions. It also presented a framework on how these products could be implemented in an early flood warning system. Since the United Nation's initiative ("Early Warnings for All") is to make early warning available for all by 2027, satellite products could prove invaluable for regions without the network of ground monitoring systems. This project is relevant to research scientists, and local, state, and regional disaster managers as well as policymakers. The associated data could be used for research and educational purposes.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-mfm1-de61
title: Predicting Real-time Population Behavior during Hurricanes Synthesizing Data from Transportation Systems and Social Media

description: The project combines heterogeneous data sources from transportation systems and social media, in a unified framework-providing better information for modeling dynamic population behavior during hurricanes.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-snvw-jv27
title: A Database of Cone Penetration Tests from the Cascadia Subduction Zone

description: This dataset contains 400 cone penetration test (CPT) results from the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) region of the United States and Canada. The data are provided in both Python and Matlab file formats and a README describes the data processing, formatting, and structure in detail. This regional collection of CPT data has multiple potential uses, including liquefaction hazard assessments and studies of subsurface variability, among others.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-xxfy-ge39
title: Natural Hazards Research Summit 2022: Design for Tornadoes: How a Disaster and a Decade of R&D Led to the First-Ever Tornado Load Requirements in Building Codes and Standards

description: This poster gives an overview of how the devastating 2011 Joplin, MO tornado initiated a decade of R&D recently culminating in tornado load requirements being developed and adopted into the ASCE 7 Standard and the International Building Code. New science and engineering knowledge on tornado climatology, tornadic winds, and tornadic wind-structure interaction were used to create the first-ever engineering-derived probabilistic tornado wind speed maps that also account for the dependency of tornado risk on the plan size of the building.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-0d2z-9682
title: StEER: 2024 Hualien City Earthquake Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR)
title: in StEER- 2024 Hualien City, Taiwan Earthquake

description: Given this event’s strong potential to generate new knowledge, StEER considered activating its standard Level 1 response. However, upon consulting with colleagues in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), StEER opted to instead play a supporting role to NCREE efforts already locally documenting the event, and an official response page was instituted at the StEER website to house any products generated by this collaboration. NCREE’s rapid access to the affected area enabled a unique form of Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR) that included both data from third-party sources and from the NCREE-field-collected data. The report is intended to: 
provide an overview of the earthquake’s intensity and tectonic setting to characterize the strong motion impacts to the built environment, 
overview the regulatory environment and construction practices in the affected area,
synthesize preliminary reports of damage to buildings and other infrastructure, and
provide recommendations for continued study of this event by StEER and the wider engineering reconnaissance community.
While advancements in seismic retrofitting techniques and the Taiwanese government's commitment to strengthening aging buildings have significantly enhanced public safety, this event reiterates the importance of redoubling these efforts by ensuring that new construction complies with modern seismic standards and that existing structures, particularly residential and mixed-use construction, undergo phased retrofitting strategies. Continued advancement of seismic hazard maps and structural health monitoring initiatives are also warranted.
description: On April 3, 2024, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, known as the 2024 Hualien Earthquake, struck offshore Hualien, Taiwan, at a depth of 15.5 km. 
Overall, the negative societal impacts were limited, despite varying levels of impact to the infrastructure, including power outages affecting over 308,000 households, landslides obstructing roads, bridge collapses, and railway deformations. Taiwan’s fast recovery is credited to its robust earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation strategies.
Given this event’s strong potential to generate new knowledge, StEER considered activating its standard Level 1 response. However, upon consulting with colleagues in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), StEER opted to instead play a supporting role to NCREE efforts already locally documenting the event, and an official response page was instituted at the StEER website to house any products generated by this collaboration. NCREE’s rapid access to the affected area enabled a unique form of Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR) that included both data from third-party sources and from the NCREE-field-collected data.