cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28714423.v1
title: Evidence of large-sized ankylopollexian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal

description: The Upper Jurassic beds of the Lusitanian Basin in central Portugal yield diverse dinosaurian fauna, dated to the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian interval. Saurischian dinosaurs are, overall, more abundant than their ornithischian counterparts, in terms of both specimens collected and species recognized. Iguanodontians are so far represented by the styracosternan <i>Draconyx loureiroi</i>, the dryosaurid <i>Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis</i> and the enigmatic dryomorphan <i>Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum.</i> Here we aim to highlight the diversity of this clade in the Late Jurassic of Portugal, presenting evidence for yet another species of ankylopollexian iguanodontian dinosaur, represented by the specimen SHN.JJS.015, which is housed at the Sociedade de História Natural, Torres Vedras. Detailed comparisons rule out attribution to previously known taxa, and phylogenetic analyses that include SHN.JJS.015 indicate early-diverging ankylopollexian affinities for this specimen. As there is no robust diagnosis, we do not erect a new formal species for it at this stage. Nevertheless, this specimen represents a previously unreported taxon that highlights greater diversity than previously estimated among the iguanodontians of the Late Jurassic and highlights the importance of Europe in diversification and dispersal events of this clade. A series of smaller, isolated femora from the same sub-basin as SHN.JJS.015 may represent the same taxon, presenting evidence of thriving communities of ankylopollexians during the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian interval in Portugal.
DOI: 10.3535/yce-pnb-0y4
title: Speyeria aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/5fggcl
title: PDB: 5OCY, Crystal structure of ACPA E4 autoantibody in complex with CII-C-48-CIT peptide (311K, 38°C, 100 ns)

description: ACPA E4 autoantibody in complex with CII-C-48-CIT peptide (311K, 38°C, 100 ns). PDBs obtained every 50 ns.
DOI: 10.3535/d6f-wxq-10l
title: Gesneria centuriella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/na8-bwr-pkj
title: Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28524923
title: A new stem geomyoid helps elucidate the palaeoecology and evolutionary history of geomorph rodents

description: Geomyoid rodents are one of the most species-rich and ecologically diverse rodent groups in North America since the Oligocene, but their evolution remains poorly understood. The taxonomic affinities of many species are enigmatic, and several taxa have been assigned to various families, alternatively considered clades or paraphyletic, or moved in and out of the crown group. Additionally, morphological phylogenetic analyses have showed conflicts with analyses based on molecular data. We present here an updated phylogenetic framework integrating morphological data for extant and fossil taxa and a backbone tree constraint from molecular data. Included in the tree is a fossil from Colorado, which represents a new, very large, stem geomyoid species. This new material, which includes a complete astragalus, enables the exploration of the ancestral locomotion of geomyoids. Using a training set of living and extinct rodents, we infer the locomotion for the new species and 11 other fossil taxa. Our results support a semi-fossorial ecology for the new species. This is consistent with predictions from ancestral character state reconstructions based on extant taxa that living pocket mice represent a reasonable model of the ancestral bauplan of geomyoids. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:63145542-2FCD-4AEE-9A6E-52104269FE12
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28524923.v1
title: A new stem geomyoid helps elucidate the palaeoecology and evolutionary history of geomorph rodents

description: Geomyoid rodents are one of the most species-rich and ecologically diverse rodent groups in North America since the Oligocene, but their evolution remains poorly understood. The taxonomic affinities of many species are enigmatic, and several taxa have been assigned to various families, alternatively considered clades or paraphyletic, or moved in and out of the crown group. Additionally, morphological phylogenetic analyses have showed conflicts with analyses based on molecular data. We present here an updated phylogenetic framework integrating morphological data for extant and fossil taxa and a backbone tree constraint from molecular data. Included in the tree is a fossil from Colorado, which represents a new, very large, stem geomyoid species. This new material, which includes a complete astragalus, enables the exploration of the ancestral locomotion of geomyoids. Using a training set of living and extinct rodents, we infer the locomotion for the new species and 11 other fossil taxa. Our results support a semi-fossorial ecology for the new species. This is consistent with predictions from ancestral character state reconstructions based on extant taxa that living pocket mice represent a reasonable model of the ancestral bauplan of geomyoids. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:63145542-2FCD-4AEE-9A6E-52104269FE12
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29224595
title: Redescription of <i>Pteronisculus gunnari</i> (Nielsen, 1942) from a juvenile specimen from the Early Triassic of East Greenland, with implications for the ontogeny of early actinopterygians

description: The Early–Middle Triassic actinopterygian genus <i>Pteronisculus</i> is part of the Triassic Early Fish Fauna (TEFF) – a cosmopolitan group of taxa that thrived in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. <i>Pteronisculus</i> is considered an important non-neopterygian outgroup taxon in many works dealing with the interrelationships of early crown actinopterygians, but the phylogenetic relationships of many TEFF genera are debated, with the topology of the lineages giving rise to crown actinopterygians consequently unclear. This is despite exceptional, three-dimensional preservation of an abundance of fossils associated with TEFF fishes. <i>Pteronisculus gunnari</i> from the Induan (Early Triassic) Kap Stosch Formation, East Greenland, is known in less detail than other species of the genus. Here, we use X-ray micro-computed tomography to comprehensively redescribe the three-dimensionally preserved holotype of <i>P. gunnari</i>, including a detailed description of the internal anatomy, including the braincase, hyoid arch and gill arches. The specimen shows morphological features previously undescribed for the genus, including paired premaxillae, medially directed teeth on the palate, canals for the buccohypophysial canal and internal carotids piercing the parasphenoid, and numerous parotic toothplates. Its body scale covering is complete, but the braincase and palatoquadrate are ossified as multiple elements, indicating that the specimen was not fully mature and allowing new insights into ossification patterns and ontogenetic development of the skeleton of non-neopterygian actinopterygians. These new anatomical data enrich our understanding of both the morphological complexity and the interrelationships of actinopterygians from the TEFF.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29224595.v1
title: Redescription of <i>Pteronisculus gunnari</i> (Nielsen, 1942) from a juvenile specimen from the Early Triassic of East Greenland, with implications for the ontogeny of early actinopterygians

description: The Early–Middle Triassic actinopterygian genus <i>Pteronisculus</i> is part of the Triassic Early Fish Fauna (TEFF) – a cosmopolitan group of taxa that thrived in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. <i>Pteronisculus</i> is considered an important non-neopterygian outgroup taxon in many works dealing with the interrelationships of early crown actinopterygians, but the phylogenetic relationships of many TEFF genera are debated, with the topology of the lineages giving rise to crown actinopterygians consequently unclear. This is despite exceptional, three-dimensional preservation of an abundance of fossils associated with TEFF fishes. <i>Pteronisculus gunnari</i> from the Induan (Early Triassic) Kap Stosch Formation, East Greenland, is known in less detail than other species of the genus. Here, we use X-ray micro-computed tomography to comprehensively redescribe the three-dimensionally preserved holotype of <i>P. gunnari</i>, including a detailed description of the internal anatomy, including the braincase, hyoid arch and gill arches. The specimen shows morphological features previously undescribed for the genus, including paired premaxillae, medially directed teeth on the palate, canals for the buccohypophysial canal and internal carotids piercing the parasphenoid, and numerous parotic toothplates. Its body scale covering is complete, but the braincase and palatoquadrate are ossified as multiple elements, indicating that the specimen was not fully mature and allowing new insights into ossification patterns and ontogenetic development of the skeleton of non-neopterygian actinopterygians. These new anatomical data enrich our understanding of both the morphological complexity and the interrelationships of actinopterygians from the TEFF.
DOI: 10.3535/3r3-wvh-1em
title: Ceramica pisi Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/fe4-j5s-z9b
title: Arctia plantaginis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30328103
title: A new fossil from the Late Miocene of Piedmont (north-western Italy) sheds light on the evolution of the Cetotheriidae (Mammalia: Cetacea: Mysticeti)

description: The baleen-bearing whale <i>Albacetus salvifactus</i> gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Tortonian of Piedmont (north-west Italy) is described herein and compared to an extended sample of mysticete cetaceans. The new taxon belongs to the Cetotheriidae <i>sensu stricto</i> family-rank clade and is closely related to the genera <i>Herentalia</i>, <i>Brandtocetus</i>, <i>Ciuciulea</i>, <i>Adicetus</i> and <i>Tranatocetus</i> from the North Atlantic, Mediterranean and Paratethys basins. The computed tomography (CT) scan of <i>Albacetus salvifactus</i> revealed several previously undescribed characters including the neurovascular characters of the rostrum and the virtual skull endocast. Based on the CT scan, the periotic of <i>A. salvifactus</i> was three-dimensionally reconstructed. The skull endocast revealed that the encephalization quotient (EQ) of <i>A. salvifactus</i> is in the 95% confidence interval of the EQ variation in mysticete cetaceans. Some functional areas of the brain were reconstructed based on specific impressions on the endocast surface, likely corresponding to the sylvian, ectosylvian, suprasylvian and ectolateralis fissures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cetotheriidae <i>sensu stricto</i> is subdivided into two subclades: (1) a North Atlantic group and (2) a widespread group including <i>Herpetocetus</i>, <i>Piscobalaena</i>, <i>Metopocetus</i> and <i>Cetotherium</i>. Phylogenetic results suggest multiple invasions of the Paratethys by different cetotheriid groups. Comparative phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of <i>Caperea</i> and Cetotheriidae <i>sensu stricto</i>, the monophyly of Plicogulae and the monophyly of Tranatocetidae are less parsimonious than the solution proposed herein, thereby reinforcing the monophyly of Balaenoidea, Balaenopteroidea and Thalassotherii.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30328103.v1
title: A new fossil from the Late Miocene of Piedmont (north-western Italy) sheds light on the evolution of the Cetotheriidae (Mammalia: Cetacea: Mysticeti)

description: The baleen-bearing whale <i>Albacetus salvifactus</i> gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Tortonian of Piedmont (north-west Italy) is described herein and compared to an extended sample of mysticete cetaceans. The new taxon belongs to the Cetotheriidae <i>sensu stricto</i> family-rank clade and is closely related to the genera <i>Herentalia</i>, <i>Brandtocetus</i>, <i>Ciuciulea</i>, <i>Adicetus</i> and <i>Tranatocetus</i> from the North Atlantic, Mediterranean and Paratethys basins. The computed tomography (CT) scan of <i>Albacetus salvifactus</i> revealed several previously undescribed characters including the neurovascular characters of the rostrum and the virtual skull endocast. Based on the CT scan, the periotic of <i>A. salvifactus</i> was three-dimensionally reconstructed. The skull endocast revealed that the encephalization quotient (EQ) of <i>A. salvifactus</i> is in the 95% confidence interval of the EQ variation in mysticete cetaceans. Some functional areas of the brain were reconstructed based on specific impressions on the endocast surface, likely corresponding to the sylvian, ectosylvian, suprasylvian and ectolateralis fissures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cetotheriidae <i>sensu stricto</i> is subdivided into two subclades: (1) a North Atlantic group and (2) a widespread group including <i>Herpetocetus</i>, <i>Piscobalaena</i>, <i>Metopocetus</i> and <i>Cetotherium</i>. Phylogenetic results suggest multiple invasions of the Paratethys by different cetotheriid groups. Comparative phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of <i>Caperea</i> and Cetotheriidae <i>sensu stricto</i>, the monophyly of Plicogulae and the monophyly of Tranatocetidae are less parsimonious than the solution proposed herein, thereby reinforcing the monophyly of Balaenoidea, Balaenopteroidea and Thalassotherii.
DOI: 10.3535/wbc-p5h-bxm
title: Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30147376
title: The oldest diverse jellyfish fauna reinterpreted as sessile polypoid dinomischids (stem-group Ctenophora)

description: The Drumian (<i>c.</i> 500 myr) Marjum biota of Utah is the most diverse (<i>c.</i> 150 species) exceptionally preserved Cambrian fossil assemblage in the United States. Compared to other Burgess Shale-type biotas in the country, it is also notable for the prominence of pelagic organisms, including panarthropods, cambroernids, ctenophores and vertebrates. The Marjum strata have yielded the oldest diverse jellyfish assemblage (Cnidaria Medusozoa), with representatives of the classes Cubozoa, Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa. Though previously known from 10 specimens only, this remarkable fauna suggested early morphological diversification of medusozoans by the middle Cambrian. Prompted by the discovery of over 50 new specimens, our restudy of these putative early medusozoans reveals that their bodies were protected by a multi-element sclerotized integument and composed of three regions: (1) a variably shaped basal stalk; (2) a calyx forming the main body cavity and housing most internal organs; and (3) a terminal filter feeding apparatus of partially skeletonized tentacles (likely 18) surrounding a central cavity. Each tentacle bears two rows of transverse dark stains, from which possible remains of pinnules occasionally project. These features are diagnostic of dinomischids, an enigmatic clade of epibenthic, sessile organisms controversially linked to the origin of ctenophores. We describe three new dinomischid taxa – <i>Calathites macrocalyx</i> sp. nov., <i>Theiokylixia cartwrightae</i> gen. et sp. nov., and <i>Dinomischus nudus</i> sp. nov. – alongside a single specimen of a second, indeterminate <i>Dinomischus</i> species. Although likely transported before burial, the Marjum fossils frequently preserve, sometimes exquisitely, internal anatomical details. Their reinterpretation reduces the known diversity of Cambrian medusae but significantly expands the temporal and geographical range of dinomischids to the Drumian of NW Laurentia, while refining our understanding of their morphological and taphonomic variation. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CB9FB334-F901-4665-9476-BC733EEFD357
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30147376.v2
title: The oldest diverse jellyfish fauna reinterpreted as sessile polypoid dinomischids (stem-group Ctenophora)

description: The Drumian (<i>c.</i> 500 myr) Marjum biota of Utah is the most diverse (<i>c.</i> 150 species) exceptionally preserved Cambrian fossil assemblage in the United States. Compared to other Burgess Shale-type biotas in the country, it is also notable for the prominence of pelagic organisms, including panarthropods, cambroernids, ctenophores and vertebrates. The Marjum strata have yielded the oldest diverse jellyfish assemblage (Cnidaria Medusozoa), with representatives of the classes Cubozoa, Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa. Though previously known from 10 specimens only, this remarkable fauna suggested early morphological diversification of medusozoans by the middle Cambrian. Prompted by the discovery of over 50 new specimens, our restudy of these putative early medusozoans reveals that their bodies were protected by a multi-element sclerotized integument and composed of three regions: (1) a variably shaped basal stalk; (2) a calyx forming the main body cavity and housing most internal organs; and (3) a terminal filter feeding apparatus of partially skeletonized tentacles (likely 18) surrounding a central cavity. Each tentacle bears two rows of transverse dark stains, from which possible remains of pinnules occasionally project. These features are diagnostic of dinomischids, an enigmatic clade of epibenthic, sessile organisms controversially linked to the origin of ctenophores. We describe three new dinomischid taxa – <i>Calathites macrocalyx</i> sp. nov., <i>Theiokylixia cartwrightae</i> gen. et sp. nov., and <i>Dinomischus nudus</i> sp. nov. – alongside a single specimen of a second, indeterminate <i>Dinomischus</i> species. Although likely transported before burial, the Marjum fossils frequently preserve, sometimes exquisitely, internal anatomical details. Their reinterpretation reduces the known diversity of Cambrian medusae but significantly expands the temporal and geographical range of dinomischids to the Drumian of NW Laurentia, while refining our understanding of their morphological and taphonomic variation. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CB9FB334-F901-4665-9476-BC733EEFD357
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30643097
title: <i>Galesphyrus capensis</i> from the Permian of South Africa and the origin of Neodiapsida

description: The anatomy of the enigmatic stem-reptile <i>Galesphyrus capensis</i> (Middle–Late Permian, South Africa) is redescribed in detail. The validity of <i>G. capensis</i> is confirmed based on its holotype, but the other previously referred specimen is excluded from <i>G. capensis</i> based on skeletal differences. The new anatomical data described here are included in an expanded phylogenetic dataset, designed to examine the relationships of Permian reptiles. Both specimens are recovered as early-diverging members of a clade which includes Millerettidae, traditionally considered ‘parareptiles’ and Neodiapsida. Consequently, Parareptilia is paraphyletic, as Millerettidae occupies a more crownward position than any other parareptile, themselves not forming a clade. Our results also demonstrate that neodiapsids originated at least in the late Capitanian, prior to the Capitanian Mass Extinction, and highlight the diversity of Younginidae, which includes three South African taxa. The exquisitely preserved postcranium of <i>G. capensis</i> sheds light on postcranial evolution in Late Permian stem-reptiles, bringing additional support for sister-group relationship between millerettids and neodiapsids. Our new data on <i>G. capensis</i> and other stem-reptiles demonstrate that the evolutionary history of the foot was remarkably complex close to the origin of Sauria, with some of the prerequisites to the evolution of the saurian foot and gait having already appeared by the late Capitanian. These overlooked Middle and Late Permian stem-reptiles have the potential to further our understanding of the origin of the reptilian crown group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30643097.v1
title: <i>Galesphyrus capensis</i> from the Permian of South Africa and the origin of Neodiapsida

description: The anatomy of the enigmatic stem-reptile <i>Galesphyrus capensis</i> (Middle–Late Permian, South Africa) is redescribed in detail. The validity of <i>G. capensis</i> is confirmed based on its holotype, but the other previously referred specimen is excluded from <i>G. capensis</i> based on skeletal differences. The new anatomical data described here are included in an expanded phylogenetic dataset, designed to examine the relationships of Permian reptiles. Both specimens are recovered as early-diverging members of a clade which includes Millerettidae, traditionally considered ‘parareptiles’ and Neodiapsida. Consequently, Parareptilia is paraphyletic, as Millerettidae occupies a more crownward position than any other parareptile, themselves not forming a clade. Our results also demonstrate that neodiapsids originated at least in the late Capitanian, prior to the Capitanian Mass Extinction, and highlight the diversity of Younginidae, which includes three South African taxa. The exquisitely preserved postcranium of <i>G. capensis</i> sheds light on postcranial evolution in Late Permian stem-reptiles, bringing additional support for sister-group relationship between millerettids and neodiapsids. Our new data on <i>G. capensis</i> and other stem-reptiles demonstrate that the evolutionary history of the foot was remarkably complex close to the origin of Sauria, with some of the prerequisites to the evolution of the saurian foot and gait having already appeared by the late Capitanian. These overlooked Middle and Late Permian stem-reptiles have the potential to further our understanding of the origin of the reptilian crown group.
DOI: 10.3535/72m-c7q-zaj
title: Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/vm8-h4p-hgg
title: Pararge Hübner, 1819

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.