cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.brv15dv90
title: How the west was won: genetic reconstruction of rapid wolf recolonization into Germany’s anthropogenic landscapes

description: Following massive persecution and eradication, strict legal protection
 facilitated a successful reestablishment of wolf packs in Germany, which
 has been ongoing since 2000. Here, we describe this recolonization process
 by mitochondrial DNA control-region sequencing, microsatellite genotyping,
 and sex identification based on 1341 mostly non-invasively collected
 samples. We reconstructed the genealogy of German wolf packs between 2005
 and 2015 to provide information on trends in genetic diversity, dispersal
 patterns, and pack dynamics during the early expansion process. Our
 results indicate signs of a founder effect at the start of the
 recolonization. Genetic diversity in German wolves is moderate compared to
 other European wolf populations. Although dispersal among packs is
 male-biased in the sense that females are more philopatric, dispersal
 distances are similar between males and females once only dispersers are
 accounted for. Breeding with close relatives is regular and none of the
 six male wolves originating from the Italian/ Alpine population
 reproduced. However, moderate genetic diversity and inbreeding levels of
 the recolonizing population are preserved by high sociality, dispersal
 among packs, and several immigration events. Our results demonstrate an
 ongoing, rapid, and natural wolf population expansion in an intensively
 used cultural landscape in Central Europe.
DOI: 10.48689/yrw4-rc19
title: Steller Sea Lion Haulout Locations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q579c
title: Dataset: Multi-scale mosaics in top-down pest control by ants from natural coffee forests to plantations

description: While top-down control plays an important role in shaping both natural and
 agricultural food webs, we lack insights into how top-down control effects
 vary across spatial scales. We used a multi-scale survey of top-down
 control of coffee pests and diseases by arboreal ants to examine if colony
 location creates a small-scale mosaic in top-down control around trees and
 if the strength of that control varies between sites at the landscape
 scale. We investigated pest and disease levels on coffee shrubs at
 different distances from shade trees with and without a Crematogaster spp.
 ant colony in 59 sites along a coffee management intensity
 gradient in southwestern Ethiopia. Within sites, ants significantly
 suppressed herbivory and coffee leaf rust at distances less than 10 meters
 from nesting trees. Top-down control varied between sites, with stronger
 top-down control of free-feeding herbivory near ant colonies at sites with
 lower management intensity and stronger top-down control of a skeletonizer
 at sites with higher canopy cover. We conclude that the strength of
 top-down control by ants is highly heterogeneous across spatial scales, as
 a consequence of the biology of the predator at the small scale and
 herbivore density or changes in herbivore-ant interactions at the
 landscape scale.
description: See Stüber et al.   
description: See ReadMe_Stuber_etal_Ecology2021.docx
DOI: 10.48689/243m-wd53
title: Steller Sea Lion Rookery Locations
DOI: 10.48689/w0k6-4r58
title: Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) counts and haulout locations across the British Columbia coast
DOI: 10.48689/4s1m-c087
title: Steller sea lion Haulouts
DOI: 10.48689/ch9q-kv54
title: Stomach content data from juvenile chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, captured in surface trawl at Queens Reach, Lower Fraser River, March to August 1988
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69p8cz91p
title: Inferring the mating system in the burrowing shrimp Lepidophthalmus bocourti

description: Most burrowing shrimps (infraorder Axiidea and Gebiidea) are characterized
 by solitary habits, which led many of these species to evolve a remarkable
 sexual dimorphism both in body size and chelipeds because of sexual
 selection. Given that monogamous species are known to live in heterosexual
 pairs and exhibit a low degree of sexual dimorphism, it is expected that
 burrowing shrimps are not monogamous. We tested this hypothesis using the
 burrowing shrimp Lepidophthalmus bocourti as a model. Against
 expectations, shrimps were found living not only individually, but also in
 homosexual and heterosexual pairs and trios within their respective
 burrows. The social structure in L. bocourti seemed to be an
 ontogenetically defined strategy, since most solitary individuals were
 juveniles of both sexes, while the heterosexual combinations were composed
 by adult shrimps. Sex distribution of pairs and trios suggested that
 female-female and male-female-female associations might be stable over
 time. Only 7% of the inhabited burrows were occupied by a heterosexual
 pair and ovigerous females were found dwelling either in solitary or in
 heterosexual combinations, indicating that this species is not monogamous.
 Most of the male-female associations occurring both in pairs and trios
 were dominated by females larger than males. We observed sexual dimorphism
 in the size of the major cheliped, being larger in males than in females.
 Ontogenetic pattern of burrow occupation allied to considerable sexual
 dimorphism argue in favour that L. bocourti is not monogamous and suggest
 that the major cheliped might have an important role during the male-male
 competition for receptive females.
description: The specimens of
 <i>L. bocourti</i> were collected monthly from February 2008
 to April 2009 in the mangrove area of Colorado de Abangares, in the inner
 Gulf of Nicoya, Pacific coast of Costa
 Rica. We investigate the burrow use
 pattern, sex ratio, sexual dimorphism and relative growth of <i>L.
 bocourti</i> from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, as a potential
 indicative of the mating system in this
 species. We used these life history traits
 to test the hypothesis of polygamy in <i>L. bocourti</i>.
DOI: 10.48689/0bvj-9b67
title: Storm Culvert (Squamish)
DOI: 10.48689/0sj5-rx38
title: Storm Features (Squamish)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkm0z
title: Interactive effects of shading and disturbance on plant invasion in an arid shrubland: assembly processes and CSR-strategies

description: Disturbance by small mammals and shrub canopies are ecological factors
 typical of arid ecosystems that may influence plant invasion through
 environmental and community changes. Whereas disturbance beneath shrub
 canopies may promote invasion by removing dominant species, disturbance in
 open areas may hinder plant invasion by increasing environmental
 harshness. However, we are unaware of studies explicitly addressing the
 interactive effects of disturbance by mammals and shading by shrubs on
 community assembly processes to understand plant invasion. In an arid
 shrubland, disturbance and shading were caused by the fossorial rodent
 Spalacopus cyanus and the shrub Flourensia thurifera,
 respectively. We used functional dispersion data (trait convergence vs.
 divergence) and Grime´s theory (competitive, stress-tolerant and ruderal
 strategies, CSR) to gain insights into the underlying assembly processes.
 We compared environmental conditions, richness and abundance of native and
 exotic species, as well as functional dispersion and prevalence of
 CSR-strategies across four microsites (60 × 60 cm plots):
 undisturbed/open, undisturbed/shaded, disturbed/open and disturbed/shaded.
 We tested for functional differences between native and exotic species.
 Species richness was similar among microsites for both native and exotic
 species. Shading ameliorated environmental conditions, promoted trait
 divergence and increased prevalence of C- and R-strategies. Disturbance
 increased the abundance of exotic species and removed dominant species in
 shaded microsites. Exotic and native species were functionally different:
 exotics showed shorter lifespan, lower height, thinner stems and smaller
 leaves than natives. Synthesis. Disturbance, by removing plant biomass,
 favoured exotic species in shaded microsites, where shrub canopy
 ameliorated environmental conditions and –by relaxing habitat filtering–
 promoted niche partitioning processes as well as C- and R-strategies. We
 illustrate the value of linking trait-based ecology approaches to
 microenvironmental conditions, as it may provide insights into the
 underlying community processes when studying plant invasions at the local
 and microsite scales. Disturbed microsites beneath shrub canopies could be
 “hotspots” where to concentrate efforts to manage plant invasions in arid
 ecosystems.
DOI: 10.48689/jdth-s490
title: Storm Main (Squamish)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxpt4
title: Data from: Experimental shelter-switching shows shelter type alters predation on caterpillars (Hesperiidae)

description: Caterpillars build various shelters that protect them from natural
 enemies, but whether specific shelters provide different protection is
 unknown. To disentangle a caterpillar species’ shelter from the rest of
 its phenotype, we performed a field experiment in which two caterpillar
 species (Urbanus dorantes and U. proteus) were removed from their original
 shelters, placed into shelters made by conspecifics or heterospecifics,
 and monitored for predation and parasitism. Predation was intense, with
 0-48% of caterpillars surviving depending on treatment. Shelter builder
 identity significantly affected predation independent of occupant
 identity, with caterpillars placed in U. proteus shelters experiencing
 higher predation than those in U. dorantes shelters. The effect of shelter
 builder identity was related to shelter type: shriveled leaf shelters
 built by U. dorantes had a lower risk of predation than cut-and-fold
 shelters built by either species. Cut-and-fold shelters built by the two
 species did not have significantly different shapes. Caterpillar stage
 also significantly affected predation (mid-instars were more successful
 than early instars), but caterpillar species identity did not.
 Surprisingly, parasitism was rare, but both shriveled leaf shelters and
 cut-and-fold shelters resulted in similar overall caterpillar mortality.
 The differences in predation and overall mortality between shelter types
 suggest a trade-off between protection from predators and parasitoids.
 This experiment demonstrates that shelter type determines the fate of the
 caterpillar inside, independent of the identity of the caterpillar that
 built the shelter. This is the first experimental evidence that predation
 may select for shelter type and associated shelter-building behavior in
 Lepidoptera.
DOI: 10.48689/4b79-sd91
title: Storm Petrel Colonies
DOI: 10.48689/f2mr-0d21
title: Storm Sewer System (Gibsons)
DOI: 10.48689/z436-hb65
title: Stormwater Channels (Langley)
DOI: 10.48689/q54e-hg03
title: Stormwater Channels (Nanaimo)
DOI: 10.48689/abtc-g794
title: Stormwater Culverts (Abbotsford)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd56m
title: 2019 North American bison dietary quality and composition

description: These are data from a survey in 2019 of bison dietary quality and
 composition from a survey of 45 herds across the conterminous
 United States. Bison fecal material was collected monthly from April to
 September in 2019. Fecal material was analyzed for dietary quality using
 near infrared spectroscopy and dietary composition with DNA metabarcoding.
description: Data were collected by local managers and sent for analysis.
 Samples were analyzed by near infrared spectroscopy for dietary quality
 and metabarcoding for dietary composition. Data were analyzed in
 R.
DOI: 10.48689/kf61-ce74
title: Stormwater Culverts (Coquitlam)
DOI: 10.48689/db36-7b15
title: Stormwater Culverts (Courtenay)
DOI: 10.48689/ktz2-7p65
title: Stormwater Culverts (Maple Ridge)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qfttkc
title: Data from: Emergence of splits and collective turns in pigeon flocks under predation

description: Complex patterns of collective behaviour may emerge through
 self-organization, from local interactions among individuals in a group.
 To understand what behavioural rules underlie these patterns,
 computational models are often necessary. These rules have not yet been
 systematically studied for bird flocks under predation. Here, we study
 airborne flocks of homing pigeons attacked by a robotic-falcon, combining
 empirical data with a species-specific computational model of collective
 escape. By analysing GPS trajectories of flocking individuals, we identify
 two new patterns of collective escape: early splits and collective turns,
 occurring even at large distances from the predator. To examine their
 formation, we extend an agent-based model of pigeons with a ‘discrete’
 escape manoeuvre by a single initiator, namely a sudden turn interrupting
 the continuous coordinated motion of the group. Both splits and collective
 turns emerge from this rule. Their relative frequency depends on the
 angular velocity and position of the initiator in the flock: sharp turns
 by individuals at the periphery lead to more splits than collective turns.
 We confirm this association in the empirical data. Our study highlights
 the importance of discrete and uncoordinated manoeuvres in the collective
 escape of bird flocks and advocates the systematic study of their patterns
 across species.
description: The pre-processed empirical data were provided
 by<em>:</em> <em>Sankey
 DWE, Storms RF, Musters RJ, Russell TW, Hemelrijk CK, Portugal SJ. 2021
 Absence of “selfish herd” dynamics in bird flocks under threat. Curr
 Biol., 1–7. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.009)</em>
 During the field experiments, a remotely controlled robotic
 falcon (‘RobotFalcon’) was used to attack flocks of homing pigeons
 (<em>Columba livia</em>) just after they have been released at
 a new location. Both prey and predator were equipped with GPS
 devices. Processed data and code used for
 the figures and statistics of the manuscript are stored in the Zenodo
 repository: DOI:
 10.5281/zenodo.5889098 (the archived version of the GitHub
 repository PigeonsCollectiveEscape) The simulated data are generated by an extension of the computational model HoPE (Homing Pigeons Escape): a species-specific agent-based model, adjusted to empirical data of pigeon flocks. The model is available at the Zenodo repository: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5889123. The original HoPE model is first published in: <em>Papadopoulou M, Hildenbrandt H, Sankey DWE, Portugal SJ, Hemelrijk CK. 2022 Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks. PLoS Comput Biol., 1–25. (doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009772/journal.pcbi.1009772)</em> Simulations include one predator-agent and flocks of 8 to 34 individual pigeon-agents that demonstrate escape behavior. 'Catches' of prey by the predator are not modeled.
description: Please refer to the README files of our dataset and
 software.
DOI: 10.48689/y7pd-kf81
title: Stormwater Culverts (Nanaimo)
DOI: 10.48689/rbqv-m521
title: Stormwater Culverts (North Vancouver)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q579d
title: Physiology and acclimation potential are tuned with phenology in larvae of a prolonged breeder amphibian

description: Due to the speed of climate changes, rapid buffering mechanisms such as
 phenotypic plasticity – which may depend on breeding phenology – could be
 key to avoid extinction. The links between phenology and plasticity,
 however, remain understudied. Here we explored the matching between
 phenology and the thermal sensitivity of standard (SMR) and routine
 metabolic rates (RMR), metabolic scope (i.e. the difference between RMR
 and SMR), survival and growth-development trajectories in larvae of a
 prolonged breeder amphibian (Alytes almogavarii) acclimated to 10 and
 20ºC, belonging to three cohorts: autumn pre-overwintering, autumn
 overwintering and spring tadpoles. At 20ºC, survival of autumn
 pre-overwintering larvae was lower than for the rest. Although all cohorts
 showed acclimation potential, patterns for SMR and RMR differed, leading
 to differences in metabolic scope. Regardless of temperature,
 overwintering tadpoles arrested growth and development, while
 pre-overwintering and spring tadpoles showed higher growth and development
 at 20ºC. At 10ºC pre-overwintering tadpoles allocated more energy to
 development compared to spring tadpoles to advance development before
 winter. Overall, we demonstrate that the effects of temperature depend on
 phenology, consistent with future, expected thermal regimes. This suggests
 that extreme events can yield different vulnerability to climate change
 within populations (e.g., associated to discrete within-year cohorts), and
 not only between species or populations.
DOI: 10.48689/jxfa-k445
title: Stormwater Discharge (Courtenay)
DOI: 10.48689/devm-j779
title: Stormwater Discharge Points (Victoria)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vdncjsxtr
title: Genetic divergence, admixture and subspecific boundaries in a peripheral population of great tit, Parus major (Aves, Paridae)

description: Secondary contact zones have been formed between several pairs of avian
 species and subspecies in northern and northeastern Iran during the
 post-Pleistocene and Holocene times. Three subspecies groups out of the
 four in the great tit (Parus major), namely, major, bokharensis and
 cinereus are supposed to have come into local or regional secondary
 contact in northeastern Iran. Parus major intermedius known from this
 region, has long been suggested to have a hybrid origin, stemming from
 hybridization between the yellow western (major) subspecies group and the
 grey eastern (bokharensis or cinereus) subspecies group, based on
 intermediate plumage coloration. Here, we investigated the evidence of
 intergradation between subspecies groups and the evolutionary origin of P.
 m. intermedius using mitochondrial DNA sequences (236 individuals, control
 region) and microsatellites (73 individuals, 11 loci) and used Approximate
 Bayesian computation to test competing scenarios of demographic history of
 the studied populations. Our analyses indicate a divergence origin for
 intermedius, resulting from the expansion of major subspecies group. The
 low mitochondrial diversity (p = 0.00065, q = 0.00170) and high genetic
 differentiation in comparison with central populations suggest that
 intermedius is a peripheral population. Microsatellite results show no
 signs of nuclear admixture between bokharensis and major subspecies
 groups. However, one phenotypically intermedius specimen had bokharensis
 mtDNA and major nuclear DNA in the assumed hybrid zone (Lotf Abad),
 supporting past introgression.
DOI: 10.48689/5k18-0387
title: Stormwater Ditches (Delta)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1fs
title: Weak coordination between leaf drought tolerance and proxy traits in herbaceous plants

description: Increased drought is predicted to have a major impact on plant performance
 under environmental change. Yet leaf hydraulic traits directly related to
 drought tolerance, such as leaf turgor loss point (πtlp), are
 underrepresented in trait-based studies and have been largely overlooked
 within the main frameworks evaluating trait–trait coordination and
 trade-offs: the leaf economics spectrum and the global spectrum of plant
 form and function. Using 122 herbaceous species from the Central European
 temperate grasslands, we investigated (1) the coordination between πtlp
 and traits often used as proxies for drought tolerance: specific leaf area
 (SLA), leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf thickness
 (LT), plant height and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE); (2) whether
 the strength of the trait–trait relationships differed across plant
 functional types (PFTs: graminoids and forbs) and depended on species
 phylogeny; (3) whether single or multiple traits, combined with either
 PFTs or phylogenetic relatedness, provide a good prediction of πtlp. A
 more negative πtlp (higher leaf drought tolerance) was coordinated with
 higher LDMC and higher iWUE. This pattern was consistent among PFTs and
 also after accounting for phylogenetic relatedness. However, the
 coordination of πtlp with other traits was weak. For LT and height, it was
 driven by the differences between PFTs. For SLA and LA, it was only
 observed after accounting for phylogenetic relatedness. The most
 parsimonious model predicting πtlp as a function of other traits retained
 LDMC and LA (adj. R2 = 0.37). Since πtlp showed a strong phylogenetic
 signal, accounting for the influence of phylogenetic relatedness further
 improved πtlp prediction by 17%. In herbaceous temperate plants, there is
 relatively weak coordination between leaf drought tolerance (πtlp) and
 traits representing key dimensions of the leaf economics spectrum and the
 global spectrum of plant form and function. None of the proxy traits
 considered here, alone or in combination, provided a strong prediction of
 πtlp across a large number of grassland plant species. Therefore, our work
 emphasizes the need for direct measurements of leaf hydraulics when
 estimating plant drought responses to better understand and predict
 species responses to environmental change.
DOI: 10.48689/m9na-f361
title: Stormwater Ditches (West Vancouver)
DOI: 10.48689/5bw9-6k30
title: Stormwater Drain Catchment Areas (Victoria)
DOI: 10.48689/z1tm-5957
title: Stormwater Drainage (Chilliwack)
DOI: 10.48689/rq2b-5d60
title: Stormwater Gravity Mains (Courtenay)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3eehp8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4947 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aeschynomene sensitiva"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4947 records from 277 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002838-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48689/h02v-br44
title: Stormwater Inlets and Outlets (Maple Ridge)
DOI: 10.48689/eg64-6643
title: Stormwater Mains (Abbotsford)
DOI: 10.48689/gq07-4p39
title: Stormwater Mains (Colwood)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k98sf7m5v
title: Long-term noise pollution affects seedling recruitment, community composition, and negative effects persist after removal

description: Noise pollution can affect species’ behaviors and distributions and may
 hold significant consequences for natural communities. While several
 studies have researched short-term effects of noise, no long-term research
 has examined whether observed patterns persist or if community recovery
 can occur. We utilized a long-term study system in New Mexico to examine
 the effects of continuous natural gas well noise exposure on seedling
 recruitment of foundational tree species (Pinus edulis, Juniperus
 osteosperma) and vegetation diversity. First, we examined seedling
 recruitment and vegetation diversity at plots where current noise levels
 have persisted for &gt; 15 years. We then examined recruitment and
 diversity on plots where noise sources were recently removed or added. We
 found support for long-term negative effects of noise on tree seedling
 recruitment, evenness of woody plants, and increasingly dissimilar
 vegetation communities with differences in noise levels. Furthermore,
 seedling recruitment and plant community composition did not recover
 following noise removal, possibly due in part to a lag in recovery among
 animals that disperse and pollinate plants. Our results add to the limited
 evidence that noise has cascading ecological effects. Moreover, these
 effects may be long-lasting and noise removal may not lead to immediate
 recovery.