cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2023.447
title: Problems related to genetic data and life insurance

description: Whole-genome sequences contribute significantly to our understanding of human development and functions. Various abnormalities or mutations can result in diseases or reduce individuals' life expectancy. Utilizing genetic data for predicting an individual's health status is a consideration in insurance underwriting assessments. However, there is an ongoing debate about the appropriateness of using this information, given its unchangeable nature since birth.Discussions often center around the principles of insurance premium setting and underwriting, which vary based on the applicant's health status and risk assessment. Certain countries, like the United States, have enacted laws to restrict the usage of genetic data for health insurance assessments, while others, like the United Kingdom, have established agreements between companies and regulators. In Thailand, there are currently no specific provisions directly addressing this issue, necessitating discussion among involved parties.Furthermore, genetic diseases are generally excluded from health insurance riders in Thailand. The scope of genetic diseases considered for claim reimbursement should be limited to those strongly associated with genetic mutations, such as single gene or chromosome mutations. Ongoing advancements in genetic treatment technologies have garnered public attention, but their inclusion in insurance claims requires verification of medical necessity and adherence to medical standards.Several emerging technologies are still in the research and development phase and are considered experimental. Consequently, they might not be covered in insurance claim reimbursement. Many issues within the life insurance business are need discussion and agreement among concerned parties.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2023.448
title: Limitation period issues for private enforcement under the Thai competition law

description: Competition law plays a crucial role in the global economy, fostering fair business practices and preventing monopolistic behaviors that can stifle innovation and limit consumer choice. The enforcement of competition law is a pivotal mechanism to ensure the fair operation of market forces and safeguard consumer interests. Private enforcement is an essential instrument in ensuring the effectiveness of competition law since they help antitrust enforcers discover problems and augment their casework with private resources. Private enforcement is popular in the U.S. and the E.U. However, in Thailand, there are no single civil claim from private parties even though Thai law allow private parties to sue for damages from the violators of competition law. This can be attributed to the relatively short one-year limitation period outlined in Section 70 of the Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560 (2017) (“Trade Competition Act”). This independent study examines the short length of limitation period by a comparative study between Thai, the U.S., and German laws that is relevant the limitation period for private enforcement of competition law. This is done by documentary research to compare limitation period between the jurisdictions. From this study, it has been clear that the one-year limitation period in the Thai Trade Competition Act fails to serve its intended purposes such as legal certainty, the balance between plaintiffs and the defendants’ benefits, and litigation volume control. When comparing to the U.S., the limitation period stands at four years, while in Germany, it extends to five years, these longer durations provide plaintiffs with a more conducive environment for navigating legal processes, allowing for a thorough investigation, consultation with experts, and adequate preparation for litigation. Extending the limitation period in Thai competition law to at least 5 years represents a critical step toward enhancing access to justice, promoting fairness, and aligning with global standards.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2023.449
title: Legal problems related to pre-merger information exchange (gun-jumping) in Thai competition law

description: Gun-jumping focuses, among other things, on pre-merger coordination between merging parties prior to receiving clearance from the competent authority, particularly in jurisdictions with a mandatory pre-merger notification requirement under ex ante merger control. While crucial for due diligence, such exchange raises significant anti-competitive concerns as it may prematurely implement concentration before receiving clearance, potentially facilitating behavior akin to collusive practices despite lacking explicit collusion agreements. In Thailand, the Trade Competition Act has undergone amendments to address issues of effectiveness and enforceability, including a dual merger control system that includes a mandatory pre-merger notification. However, concerns persist due to the absence of precedents, guidelines, and legal measures, which makes it challenging to assess the unlawfulness of premerger information exchange. Therefore, this independent study aims to determine to what extent premerger information exchange can be considered as gun-jumping, and whether Thailand’s Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560 (2017) sufficiently addresses pre-merger information exchange. The study first examines the legal implications of a standalone information exchange within the context of a merger. It highlights the potential violation of “gun-jumping” under merger control and the general rules governing anti-competitive agreements or cartels. Subsequently, the approaches taken by the EU and the US are explored to illustrate case law and the competitive relevance of pre-merger information exchange, specifically substantive gun-jumping violation, an aspect yet to be widely addressed in Thailand. The analysis demonstrates that certain thresholds and legal measures are employed to assess gun-jumping in relation to pre-merger information exchange through the interpretation and application of existing regulations by the judiciary and competent authorities. Concerning Thailand's competition law, this independent study reviews the framework of merger control and anti-competitive agreements in light of the amendment of the Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560 (2017). Despite the existence of gun-jumping concept, the current regulations pertaining to merger control and anti-competitive agreements are still insufficiently applicable to the issue of pre-merger information exchange, requiring further clarification. Eventually, this independent study proposes several alternatives to reinforce the Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560 (2017), considering the perspectives of competent authorities and businesses. Particularly, it provides the potential advantages and disadvantages of adopting either the European Union or the United States model in Thailand.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2023.450
title: The Problems of the Legality of Blind Boxes under the Gambling Act B.E. 2478 (1935)

description: This thesis investigates the legal status of blind boxes in Thailand under the Gambling Act B.E. 2478 (1935). The research focuses on two key questions: how are blind boxes currently classified within the Act, and is the existing legislation sufficient to effectively regulate the blind box market? To gain a broader perspective, the thesis conducts a comparative analysis of legal frameworks in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan, and China. This analysis explores how these countries regulate blind boxes and the control measures they utilize. The research finds that certain types of blind boxes in Thailand can be considered gambling under the Act. Specifically, blind boxes that introduce an element of chance, like a game involving winning and losing, are similar to “soft games of chance” defined in Section 4, Paragraph 2. These types of blind boxes require a license to operate. Additionally, prize blind boxes, where purchase offers a chance to win prizes, are considered “arrangements for premium gifts or prizes by means of taking a chance” under Section 8 and also necessitate licensing. However, the thesis argues that the current Gambling Act, while encompassing some aspects of blind boxes, has limitations in effectively regulating the entire market. These limitations include the absence of specific regulations tailored for blind boxes and limited control measures to address concerns and challenges with the geographically-based licensing system due to the online availability of blind boxes. Based on the comparative analysis, the thesis proposes potential solutions, such as introducing specific regulations for blind boxes within the Gambling Act framework. The research suggests implementing control measures inspired by other countries, such as price caps and transparency requirements regarding item distribution and value ranges. This research aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the legal status of blind boxes in Thailand and provide policymakers with valuable insights for developing a more effective regulatory framework for this evolving market.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2023.451
title: Legal transplantation of foreign private law in Thailand: a case study of concept of things and property

description: Throughout the period from Roman law to the establishment of national legal systems in European countries, the concept of things and property has remained a fundamental concept in the civil law system. During that period, the French Civil Code and the German Civil Code served as the primary templates for codifying civil codes in numerous countries, including Thailand.During the codification process of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (‘CCC’), the drafters employed a technique of transplanting foreign private law from various countries such as French, German, and Japanese, along with provisions pertaining to the concept of things and property. This approach resulted in unforeseen repercussions and discrepancies within the existing Thai legal framework.This study examines the problems and controversies surrounding the legal transplantation of foreign private law into the Thai CCC, specifically focusing on the concept of things and property. It aims to understand why Thai scholars encounter difficulties in this process and why it continues to be a contentious matter in the present day.The study demonstrates that the inconsistencies in the Thai CCC system arise from the reception of legal principles from various countries that approach the same issue from different legal frameworks, as well as the fragmented process of enacting the code at different times. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive revision of the Thai CCC. This revision should thoroughly analyse the issues and interdependencies among its provisions, as well as compare them to their counterparts in foreign private laws. The objective is to rectify the unfavourable consequences resulting from the current provisions.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gs2xkg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4747776 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2011",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4747776 records from 1104 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0107159-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17188/1694913
title: Materials Data on ZnCd3Se4 by Materials Project

description: Cd3ZnSe4 is Lavarevi\'{c}ite structured and crystallizes in the cubic P-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CdSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZnSe4 tetrahedra and corners with eight equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra. All Cd–Se bond lengths are 2.68 Å. Zn2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form ZnSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra. All Zn–Se bond lengths are 2.51 Å. Se2- is bonded to three equivalent Cd2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form corner-sharing SeZnCd3 tetrahedra.
DOI: 10.17188/1694914
title: Materials Data on AlTl(SO4)2 by Materials Project

description: TlAl(SO4)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P321 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Tl1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted TlO12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent TlO12 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent SO4 tetrahedra, and faces with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra. There are six shorter (3.06 Å) and six longer (3.42 Å) Tl–O bond lengths. Al3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SO4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent TlO12 cuboctahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.90 Å. S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent AlO6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent TlO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 26°. There is one shorter (1.46 Å) and three longer (1.48 Å) S–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Tl1+, one Al3+, and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Tl1+ and one S6+ atom.
DOI: 10.17188/1694916
title: Materials Data on Cs(TeMo)3 by Materials Project

description: Cs(MoTe)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to nine Te atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 3.78–4.38 Å. There are three inequivalent Mo sites. In the first Mo site, Mo is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Mo and four Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.67 Å) and four longer (2.78 Å) Mo–Mo bond lengths. There are a spread of Mo–Te bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.89 Å. In the second Mo site, Mo is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Mo and four Te atoms. There are one shorter (2.67 Å) and two longer (2.78 Å) Mo–Mo bond lengths. There are a spread of Mo–Te bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.89 Å. In the third Mo site, Mo is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Mo and four Te atoms. There are a spread of Mo–Te bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.89 Å. There are three inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cs and four Mo atoms. In the second Te site, Te is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cs and four Mo atoms. In the third Te site, Te is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cs and four Mo atoms.
DOI: 10.17188/1694918
title: Materials Data on NaLiMnS2 by Materials Project

description: LiNaMnS2 crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NaS6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiS4 tetrahedra, corners with six equivalent MnS4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent NaS6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent LiS4 tetrahedra, and edges with three equivalent MnS4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.82 Å) and three longer (2.98 Å) Na–S bond lengths. Li1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form LiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent NaS6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent LiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent NaS6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent MnS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–47°. There are three shorter (2.24 Å) and one longer (2.36 Å) Li–S bond lengths. Mn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form MnS4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent NaS6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent MnS4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent NaS6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent LiS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 28–51°. There are three shorter (2.25 Å) and one longer (2.31 Å) Mn–S bond lengths. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Na1+, one Li1+, and three equivalent Mn2+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Na1+, three equivalent Li1+, and one Mn2+ atom.
DOI: 10.17188/1694919
title: Materials Data on RbDyP2O7 by Materials Project

description: RbDyP2O7 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.59 Å. Dy3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form DyO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Dy–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.30 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent DyO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–50°. There is three shorter (1.53 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent DyO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 14–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.63 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Rb1+, one Dy3+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, one Dy3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, one Dy3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, one Dy3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Dy3+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Rb1+, one Dy3+, and one P5+ atom.
DOI: 10.17188/1694920
title: Materials Data on K2RbTaBr6 by Materials Project

description: Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations
DOI: 10.17188/1694921
title: Materials Data on Na3ScBr6 by Materials Project

description: Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations
DOI: 10.17188/1694922
title: Materials Data on La6Al3Ni4SnRu by Materials Project

description: La6RuNi4Al3Sn crystallizes in the hexagonal P-6m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent La sites. In the first La site, La is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Ni and two equivalent Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.89 Å) and two longer (2.92 Å) La–Ni bond lengths. Both La–Sn bond lengths are 3.40 Å. In the second La site, La is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ru, four equivalent Ni, two equivalent Al, and one Sn atom. Both La–Ru bond lengths are 3.00 Å. All La–Ni bond lengths are 3.20 Å. Both La–Al bond lengths are 3.42 Å. The La–Sn bond length is 3.44 Å. Ru is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent La and three equivalent Ni atoms. All Ru–Ni bond lengths are 2.59 Å. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent La and six equivalent Al atoms. All Ni–Al bond lengths are 2.66 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six La, one Ru, and two equivalent Al atoms. Both Ni–Al bond lengths are 2.53 Å. Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La and four Ni atoms. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine La atoms.
DOI: 10.17188/1694923
title: Materials Data on Ca3(SiP2)2 by Materials Project

description: (Ca)3(SiP2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of twelve calcium molecules and two SiP2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each SiP2 ribbon, there are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Si4- and three P+0.50+ atoms. The Si–Si bond length is 2.34 Å. There are one shorter (2.28 Å) and two longer (2.30 Å) Si–P bond lengths. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Si4- and three P+0.50+ atoms. There are a spread of Si–P bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.32 Å. There are four inequivalent P+0.50+ sites. In the first P+0.50+ site, P+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si4- atom. In the second P+0.50+ site, P+0.50+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Si4- atoms. In the third P+0.50+ site, P+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Si4- atoms. In the fourth P+0.50+ site, P+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si4- atom.
DOI: 10.17188/1694925
title: Materials Data on NdGaPd by Materials Project

description: NdPdGa crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nd is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Pd and six equivalent Ga atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.22 Å. There are a spread of Nd–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.31 Å. Pd is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Nd and four equivalent Ga atoms. There are a spread of Pd–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.78 Å. Ga is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Nd and four equivalent Pd atoms.
DOI: 10.17188/1694926
title: Materials Data on DyMn6(Sn2Ge)2 by Materials Project

description: DyMn6(Sn2Ge)2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Dy is bonded to two equivalent Sn and six equivalent Ge atoms to form distorted edge-sharing DySn2Ge6 hexagonal bipyramids. Both Dy–Sn bond lengths are 2.91 Å. All Dy–Ge bond lengths are 3.10 Å. Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Sn and two equivalent Ge atoms. There are two shorter (2.80 Å) and two longer (2.83 Å) Mn–Sn bond lengths. Both Mn–Ge bond lengths are 2.55 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Mn atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one Dy, six equivalent Mn, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.89 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Dy and six equivalent Mn atoms.
DOI: 10.17188/1694928
title: Materials Data on PmGePd2 by Materials Project

description: PmPd2Ge is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Pd and six equivalent Ge atoms. All Pm–Pd bond lengths are 2.92 Å. All Pm–Ge bond lengths are 3.37 Å. Pd is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Pm and four equivalent Ge atoms. All Pd–Ge bond lengths are 2.92 Å. Ge is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Pm and eight equivalent Pd atoms.