cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt2z
title: Community phenology of insects on oak – local differentiation along a climatic gradient

description: Climate change is advancing the onset of phenological events, with the
 rate of advance varying among species and trophic levels. In addition,
 local populations of the same species may show genetic differences in
 their response to seasonal cues. If populations of interacting species
 differ in their response, then climate change may result in geographically
 varying shifts in the community-level distribution of interaction
 strength. We explored the magnitude of trophic and species level responses
 to temperature in a tritrophic system comprising pedunculate oak, insect
 herbivores and their associated parasitoids. We sampled local realisations
 of this community at five sites along a transect spanning fifteen degrees
 of latitude. Samples from each trophic level at each site were exposed to
 the same set of five climatic regimes during overwintering in climate
 chambers. We then recorded the number of days and degree-days required for
 oak acorns to develop and insects to emerge. In terms of dates of events,
 phenology differed among populations. In terms of degree days, we found
 that for two species pairs, the heat sum required to develop in spring
 differed by an additional ~ 500 degree days between trophic levels when
 overwintering at the highest temperature. For three species,
 within-population variation in the number of degree-days required for
 emergence was higher at warmer temperatures. Our findings suggest that
 changing temperatures can modify interactions within a community by
 altering the relative phenology of interacting species, and that some
 interactions are more vulnerable than others to a shift in temperature.
 The geographic variation in the phenological response of a species
 suggests that there is a genetic component in determining the phenology of
 local populations. Such local variation blended with interspecific
 differences in responses makes it complex to understand how communities
 will respond to warmer temperatures.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgqtc
title: Red-green opponency in the long visual fibre photoreceptors of brushfoot butterflies (Nymphalidae)

description: In many butterflies, the ancestral trichromatic insect colour vision,
 based on UV-, blue- and green-sensitive photoreceptors, is extended with
 red-sensitive cells. Physiological evidence for red receptors has been
 missing in Nymphalid butterflies, although some species can discriminate
 red hues well. In eight species from genera Archaeoprepona, Argynnis,
 Charaxes, Danaus, Melitaea, Morpho, Heliconius and Speyeria we found a
 novel class of green-sensitive photoreceptors that have hyperpolarising
 responses to stimulation with red light. These green-positive,
 red-negative (G+R–) cells are allocated to positions R1/2, normally
 occupied by UV and blue-sensitive cells. Spectral sensitivity,
 polarisation sensitivity and temporal dynamics suggest that the red
 opponent units (R–) are the basal photoreceptors R9, interacting with R1/2
 in the same ommatidia via direct inhibitory synapses. We found the G+R–
 cells exclusively in butterflies with red-shining ommatidia containing
 longitudinal screening pigments. The implementation of the red colour
 channel with R9 is different from Pierid and Papilionid butterflies, where
 cells R5-8 are the red receptors. The Nymphalid red-green opponent channel
 and the potential for tetrachromacy seem to have been switched on several
 times during evolution, balancing between the cost of neural processing
 and the value of extended colour information.
description: Electrophysiological data (.wcp files) were collected using
 WINWCP software. 
description: Open files ending with .___ using software, download
 link: .wcp           WINWCP                   
  http://spider.science.strath.ac.uk/sipbs/software_ses.htm
 .pzfx           Prism                         
   https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/
 .m           GNU Octave
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6gs
title: Mexican black spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata (squamata:iguanidae): Female reproductive traits and hatchling phenotypic variability in a harvested population

description: We show life history information on the Mexican Black Spiny-Tailed
 Iguana, Ctenosaura Pectinata. The biometrics data
 were used to estimate: size at maturity; relative clutch mass
 (RCM); period of incubation; mean number of hatchlings; mean clutch size;
 clutch mass; mean egg mass per clutch (MEM); mean hatchling mass (MHM);
 mean hatchling size per clutch; and expenditure per progeny (EPP). With
 these data, we found that: Females' minimum height at maturity was
 attained at 24.0 cm, and egg production was significantly related to body
 size. Furthermore, the hatchling mass is more variable than the hatchling
 size, and EPP decreases with female length.
description: We
 determined clutch size from two sources: 1) Iguanas killed by
 hunters during the breeding season, and 2) clutches incubated in the
 individual cages during the hatching season. We measured the size (SVL,
 cm) and weight (g) of hatchlings after the incubation period. In addition,
 we counted the number of eggs per clutch and count the number of
 eggshells, non-hatched eggs, and dead hatchling Iguanas. For every
 hatchling, we recorded the date of birth, mass (g), SVL (cm), total size
 (cm), and particular morphological traits, such as body color and physical
 malformations. We calculate reproductive effort
 indirectly in terms of the relative clutch mass using the ratio between
 clutch mass and body mass. We also estimated the reproductive effort per
 hatchling through the expenditure per progeny index, which uses the
 percentage between average egg or hatchling mass and female mass. Thus, we
 obtained mean egg mass, mean hatchling mass, and expenditure per
 progeny.
description: # Mexican black spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata
 (squamata:iguanidae): Female reproductive traits and hatchling phenotypic
 variability in a harvested population
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6gs](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6gs) ## Description of the data and file structure Dataset is shown in the excel software (ver 2021). The archive has four spreadsheets named according to the type of data obtained. For example, the SVL sheet is composed of two columns with 367 data each. The first column shows the year when data was obtained. The second column shows the length (cm) for every iguana measured. The Gravid females sheet only shows biometrics data obtained from gravid females. There are two columns with no data (N/A) cell in the sheet. The RCM and ERPP columns were obtained from indices explained in the article: Female Reproductive Traits and Hatchling Phenotypic Variability In a Harvested Population of the Mexican Black Spiny-Tailed Iguana Ctenosaura pectinata which is still in the process of publishing. Hatchling mass (g) and hatchling length (cm) sheets shows descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) obtained from newborn iguanas per clutch.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.41ns1rndz
title: Using positive-to-negative behavioural responses to evaluate treefrog mate choice

description: Sexual competition hinges on the ability to impress other conspecifics, to
 drive them away or attract them. In such cases, the selective environment
 may be hedonic or affective in nature, as it consists of the evaluations
 of the individuals making the decisions. This may contribute to the power
 of sexual selection because evaluations may range from positive to
 negative rather than simply from positive to neutral. Selection due to
 mate choice may therefore be stronger than currently appreciated. Further,
 change in preferred mate types can occur simply by changes (“flips”) in
 the evaluation of similar display features, adding to the dynamism of
 sexual selection as well as its strength. We tested the hypothesis of
 positive-to-negative behavioural responses in mate choice with a playback
 experiment using two treefrog species with "mirror image"
 structures in their advertisement and aggressive calls. Female treefrog
 responses ranged from approach to evasion, and the presence of an aversive
 stimulus tainted evaluation of an attractive stimulus. Further, females in
 the two species showed flips in approach/evasion of stimuli with
 comparable signal structure. These results suggest that hedonic evaluation
 may have an important role in mate choice, and showcase how mechanistic
 analysis can help understand evolutionary processes.
description: We conducted single-speaker acoustic playback trials that
 presented female treefrogs singly with their conspecific advertisement
 call and their conspecific aggressive calls, in random order. We observed
 the reaction of the females to the playbacks, and scored their behavior on
 the 5-point scale ranging from attraction to avoidance (1, 0.5, 0, -0.5,
 -1). To ask whether the presence of an aggressive call
 influences the evaluation of an advertisement call, we conducted
 two-choice trials that presented the conspecific advertisement call
 alongside the conspecific aggressive call. We scored the reaction of the
 females on the 5-point scale ranging from attraction to avoidance (1, 0.5,
 0, -0.5, -1). We conducted a total of four two-choice trials for each
 species. In one trial, the stimuli had the mean features of the
 advertisement and aggressive call of the respective species. In three
 additional trials the stimuli were the mean advertisement call of each
 species against modified aggressive calls, making them either longer, with
 a faster call rate, or with a lower dominant frequency than the mean
 aggressive call for each species (which also made the modified aggressive
 calls longer, or faster or lower in frequency than the mean advertisement
 calls for each species).
description: see TREEFROGRESPONSESCOREreadme.txt
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18397783
title: First-principles Study of the Structural Evolution of Microcline under High Pressure

description: Data sets for First-principles Study of the Structural Evolution of Microcline under High Pressure
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18397784
title: First-principles Study of the Structural Evolution of Microcline under High Pressure

description: Data sets for First-principles Study of the Structural Evolution of Microcline under High Pressure
DOI: 10.7280/d1zd6d
title: Data from: True UV color vision in a female butterfly with two UV opsins

description: In true color vision animals discriminate between light wavelengths,
 regardless of intensity, using at least two photoreceptors with different
 spectral sensitivity peaks. Heliconius butterflies have duplicate UV opsin
 genes, which encode ultraviolet and violet photoreceptors, respectively.
 In H. erato, only females express the ultraviolet photoreceptor,
 suggesting females (but not males) can discriminate between UV
 wavelengths. We tested the ability of H. erato, and two species lacking
 the violet receptor, H. melpomene and Eueides isabella, to discriminate
 between 380 and 390 nm, and between 400 and 436 nm, after being trained to
 associate each stimulus with a sugar reward. We found that only H. erato
 females have color vision in the UV range. Across species, both sexes show
 color vision in the blue-range. Models of H. erato color vision suggest
 that females have an advantage over males in discriminating the inner
 UV-yellow corollas of Psiguria flowers from their outer orange petals.
 Moreover, previous models (McCulloch et al., 2017) suggested that H. erato
 males have an advantage over females in discriminating Heliconius
 3-hyroxykynurenine (3-OHK) yellow wing coloration from non-3-OHK yellow
 wing coloration found in other heliconiines. These results provide some of
 the first behavioral evidence for female H. erato UV color discrimination
 in the context of foraging, lending support to the hypothesis (Briscoe et
 al., 2010) that the duplicated UV opsin genes function together in UV
 color vision. Taken together, the sexually dimorphic visual system of H.
 erato appears to have been shaped by both sexual selection and
 sex-specific natural selection.
description: Reflectance spectra data was collected using an Ocean Optics
 USB2000 spectrometer.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkhb
title: Metabolomics data for: Microbiome study in irradiated mice treated with a promising radiation countermeasure, BIO 300

description: The mammalian gut harbors a very complex and diverse microbiota that play
 an important role in the intestinal homeostasis and host health. Exposure
 to radiation results in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota leading to
 detrimental pathophysiological changes to the host. To alleviate the
 effects of irradiation, several candidate countermeasures are under
 investigation. BIO 300 is a promising candidate under advanced
 development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BIO
 300 on the gut microbiome and metabolome of mice exposed to 60Co
 gamma-radiation. The gut microbiota and metabolome of control and drug
 treated mice exposed to irradiation was characterized by bacterial 16S
 rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. We found that
 irradiation, altered the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes as well as
 significantly decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,
 initially, both in BIO 300-treated and control mice; however, the ratio
 returned to near normal levels in BIO 300-treated mice by day 14
 post-irradiation. Concomitantly, we also observed corrective shifts in
 metabolic pathways that were perturbed after irradiation. Overall, the
 data presented show that radiation exposure led to a bloom of
 opportunistic pathogens and depletion of beneficial commensals leading to
 an inflammatory metabolic phenotype while majority of the drug treated
 mice showed alleviation of this condition primarily by restoration of
 normal gut microbiota. These results indicate that the radioprotective
 effects of BIO 300 at least in part may involve correction of the
 host-microbiome metabolic axis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57bh
title: Data from: Thermal differences between juveniles and adults increased over time in European forest trees

description: Woody species’ requirements and environmental sensitivity change from
 seedlings to adults, a process referred to as ontogenetic shift. Such
 shifts can be increased by climate change. To assess the changes in the
 difference of temperature experienced by seedlings and adults in the
 context of climate change, it is essential to have reliable climatic data
 over long periods that capture the thermal conditions experienced by the
 individuals throughout their life cycle. Here we used a unique
 cross-European database of 2195 pairs of resurveyed forest plots with a
 mean intercensus time interval of 37 years. We inferred macroclimatic
 temperature (free-air conditions above tree canopies – representative of
 the conditions experienced by adult trees) and microclimatic temperature
 (representative of the juvenile stage at the forest floor, inferred from
 the relationship between canopy cover, distance to the coast, and
 below-canopy temperature) at both surveys. We then address the long-term,
 large-scale, and multitaxa dynamics of the difference between the
 temperatures experienced by adults and juveniles of 25 temperate tree
 species. We found significant, but species-specific, variations in the
 perceived temperature (calculated from presence/absence data) between life
 stages during both surveys. Additionally, the difference of the
 temperature experienced by the adult versus juveniles significantly
 increased between surveys for eight of 25 species. We found evidence of a
 relationship between the difference of temperature experienced by
 juveniles and adults over time and one key functional trait (i.e. leaf
 area). Together, these results suggest that the temperatures experienced
 by adults vs juveniles became more decoupled over time for a subset of
 species, probably due to the combination of climate change and a recorded
 increase of canopy cover between the surveys resulting in higher rates of
 macroclimate than microclimate warming. Synthesis: We document
 warming and canopy-cover induced changes in the difference of the
 temperature experienced by juveniles and adults. These findings have
 implications for forest management adaptation to climate change such as
 the promotion of tree regeneration by creating suitable species-specific
 microclimatic conditions. Such adaptive management will help to mitigate
 the macroclimate changes in the understory layer.
description: Macroclimate temperature at the forest canopy (adult layer) and
 microclimate temperature at the understory (juvenile layer) in a baseline
 survey and a resurvey
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh1893b7
title: Decline effects are rare in ecology: a meta-meta-analysis

description: The scientific evidence base on any given topic changes over time as more
 studies are published. Currently, there is widespread concern about
 non-random, directional changes over time in the scientific evidence base
 associated with many topics. In particular, if studies finding large
 effects (e.g., large differences between treatment and control means) tend
 to get published quickly, while small effect sizes tend to get published
 slowly, the net result will be a decrease over time in the estimated
 magnitude of the mean effect size, known as a “decline effect”. If decline
 effects are common, then the published scientific literature will provide
 a biased and misleading guide to management decisions, and to the
 allocation of future research effort. We compiled data from 466
 meta-analyses in ecology to look for evidence of decline effects. We found
 that decline effects are rare. Only ~5% of ecological meta-analyses truly
 exhibit a directional change in mean effect size over time arising for
 some reason other than random chance, usually but not always in the
 direction of decline. Most apparent directional changes in mean effect
 size over time are attributable to regression to the mean, consistent with
 primary studies being published in random order with respect to the effect
 sizes they report. Our results are good news: decline effects are the
 exception to the rule in ecology. Identifying and rectifying rare cases of
 true decline effects remains an important task, but ecologists should not
 overgeneralize from anecdotal reports of decline effects.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8gtht76q3
title: Mycorrhizal effects on decomposition and soil CO2 flux depend on changes in nitrogen availability during forest succession

description: Mycorrhizal fungi play a central role in plant nutrition and nutrient
 cycling, yet our understanding on their effects on free-living microbes,
 soil carbon (C) decomposition and soil CO2 fluxes remains limited. Here we
 used trenches lined with mesh screens of varying sizes to isolate
 mycorrhizal hyphal effects on soil C dynamics in subtropical successional
 forests. We found that the presence of mycorrhizal hyphae suppressed soil
 CO2 fluxes by 17% in early-successional forests, but enhanced CO2 losses
 by 20% and 32% in mid- and late-successional forests, respectively. The
 inhibitory effects of mycorrhizal fungi on soil CO2 fluxes in the young
 stands were associated with changes in soil nitrogen (N) mineralization
 and microbial activities, suggesting that competition between mycorrhizae
 and saprotrophs for N likely suppressed soil C decomposition. In the mid-
 and late-successional stands, mycorrhizal enhancement of CO2 release from
 soil likely resulted from both hyphal respiration and mycorrhizal-induced
 acceleration of organic matter decay. Synthesis. Our results highlight the
 sensitivity of mycorrhizal fungi-saprotroph interactions to shifts in
 nutrient availability and demand, with important consequences for soil
 carbon dynamics particularly in ecosystems with low nutrient conditions.
 Incorporating such interactions into models should improve the simulations
 of forest biogeochemical cycles under global change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1rwz
title: Data from: Widely naturalized species are not more promiscuous in the use of different nitrogen forms, but benefit more from inorganic nitrogen

description: Nitrogen (N) has been considered a crucial factor influencing invasion
 success. Many studies have assessed responses of alien plants to different
 N availabilities. However, in natural soils, N comes in different forms.
 Few studies have explored yet whether responses of alien species to
 different N forms are related to their naturalization success
 globally.  We selected 22 common herbaceous species native to
 Germany that have all become naturalized elsewhere in the world. We grew
 them under six different N conditions that differed in the availability or
 form of N, and assessed their growth performance. We found that neither
 biomass production nor promiscuity to different N forms was related to
 naturalization success of the species. However, the biomass response to
 inorganic N, relative to organic N, was stronger for the widely
 naturalized species than for the less widely naturalized ones. Our
 comparative multi-species study shows that although the widely naturalized
 species were not more promiscuous than the less widely naturalized
 species, they took more advantage of the inorganic-N forms. This indicates
 that naturalization success might be partly driven by a species’ ability
 to take advantage of increased inorganic N levels.
description: We did a greenhouse experiment, in which we selected 22 common
 herbaceous species native to Germany that have all become naturalized
 elsewhere in the world. We grew them under six different N conditions that
 differed in the availability or form of N, and assessed their growth
 performance.
description: NA represents the missing values. If you have any questions,
 please write Dr. Yanjie Liu (ecoyj.liu@gmail.com).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1rx0
title: The functional role and diversity of soil nematodes are stronger at high elevation in the lesser Himalayan mountain ranges

description: Soil nematodes are a foremost component of terrestrial biodiversity, they
 display the whole gamut of trophic guilds and life strategies, and by
 their activity, affect major ecosystem process, such as organic matter
 degradation and carbon cycling. Based on nematodes’ functional types,
 nematode community indices have been developed, and can be used to link
 variation in nematodes community composition and ecosystem processes. Yet,
 the use of these indices has been mainly restricted to anthropogenic
 stresses. In this study, we propose to expand the use of nematodes'
 derived ecological indices in order to link soil and climate properties
 with soil food webs, and ecosystem processes that all vary along steep
 elevation gradients. For this purpose, we explored how elevation affects
 the trophic and functional diversity of nematode communities sampled every
 300 m, from about 1000 m to 3700 m above sea level, across four transects
 in the lesser Himalayan range of Jammu and Kashmir. We found that (1) the
 trophic and functional diversity of nematodes increases with elevation;
 (2) differences in nematodes communities generate habitat-specific
 functional diversity; (3) the maturity index (MI), increases with
 elevation, while the enrichment index decreases, indicating less mature
 and less productive ecosystems, enhanced fungal-based energy flow, and a
 predominant role of nematodes in generating carbon influxes at high
 elevation sites. We thus confirm that the functional contribution of soil
 nematodes to belowground ecosystem processes, including carbon and energy
 flow, is stronger at high elevation. Overall, this study highlights the
 central importance of nematodes in sustaining soil ecosystems and brings
 insights into their functional role, particularly in alpine and arctic
 soils.
description: Field sampling, and soil nematode extraction using Baermann
 funnels.