cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9f5c711
title: Data from: Dispersal of spicebush (Calycanthus occidentalis, Calycanthaceae) by yellow jackets (genus Vespula; Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

description: Carnivorous wasps of the family Vespidae are known to seek out and
 disperse the diaspores of at least two North American and two Asian plant
 species. Attraction of the wasps to the diaspores is likely due to the
 release of volatile compounds that signal availability of an eliaiosome
 rich in protein and fat, which the wasps remove before releasing the
 diaspore. It is thought that this interaction between carnivorous wasps
 and plants is rare, occurring in just a few plant species. Here, we
 present our findings on dispersal of spicebush (Calycanthus occidentalis
 Hook. & Arn.) achenes by carnivorous wasps of the genus Vespula.
 Observations and experiments were performed with the goals of discovering:
 how geographically widespread this interaction is; what the reward system
 is, if any; and, how wasps detect the achenes. Eight populations of C.
 occidentalis in northern California were used to observe wasps and plants,
 and to perform experiments on wasp attraction to the achenes. In all
 examined populations, workers of western yellowjacket (Vespula
 pensylvanica [de Saussure, 1857]) were observed entering mature
 Calycanthus receptacles, removing achenes, taking flight with them, and
 successfully transporting achenes through the air. Receptacles were found
 to open upward at an average angle of 45° (SD = 29°), preventing the
 achenes from falling to the ground when mature. No animals other than
 wasps were observed visiting the receptacles during the observations.
 Experiments suggest that wasps are attracted to an elaiosome-like organ of
 the achene. Nutritional analysis shows that this organ is high in fat and
 protein. Further experiments using solvent extracts of the achenes suggest
 that the attraction is likely mediated by volatile compounds.
description: Appendix
 S1Representative
 photographs of choice experiment arena.Appendix_S1.pdfAppendix S2Video of wasp activity, including visiting receptacles, removing achenes, and visiting experimental arena (Appendix S1) and taking flight with achenes.Appendix_S2.mp4Appendix S3Raw data for receptacle angle measurements.Appendix_S3.xlsxAppendix S4Photographs of representative excavated Vespula pennsylvanica nest showing achenes collected by the wasps.Appendix_S4.pdfAppendix S5Photographs of Aristolochia fruits and seeds, showing accessory organ of seeds that is attractive to Vespula wasps.Appendix_S5.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34c4889
title: Data from: An experimental test of how parasites of predators can influence trophic cascades and ecosystem functioning

description: Parasites can shape the structure and function of ecosystems by
 influencing both the density and traits of their hosts. Such changes in
 ecosystems are particularly likely when the host is a predator that
 mediates the dynamics of trophic cascades. Here, we experimentally tested
 how parasite load of a small predatory fish, the threespine stickleback,
 can affect the occurrence and strength of trophic cascades and ecosystem
 functioning. In a factorial mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the
 density of stickleback (low vs. high), and the level of parasite load
 (natural vs. reduced). In addition, we used two stickleback populations
 from different lineages: an Eastern European lineage with a more pelagic
 phenotype (Lake Constance) and a Western European lineage with a more
 benthic phenotype (Lake Geneva). We found that stickleback caused trophic
 cascades in the pelagic but not the benthic food chain. Evidence for
 pelagic trophic cascades was stronger in treatments where parasite load of
 stickleback was reduced with an antihelmintic medication, and where fish
 originated from Lake Constance (i.e. the more pelagic lineage). A
 structural equation model revealed that differences in stickleback lineage
 and parasite load were most likely to impact trophic cascades via changes
 in the composition, rather than overall biomass, of zooplankton
 communities. Overall, our results provide experimental evidence that
 parasites of predators can influence the cascading effects of fish on
 lower trophic levels with consequences on ecosystem functioning.
description: Stan-trophic-cascadeThis ZIP file contains the environmental data, individual fish data, and Stan model to test for trophic cascades.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.52213gc
title: Data from: Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits

description: The ruminants are one of the most successful mammalian lineages,
 exhibiting morphological and habitat diversity and containing several key
 livestock species. To better understand their evolution, we generated and
 analyzed de novo assembled genomes of 44 ruminant species, representing
 all six Ruminantia families. We used these genomes to create a
 time-calibrated phylogeny to resolve topological controversies, overcoming
 the challenges of incomplete lineage sorting. Population dynamic analyses
 show that population declines commenced between 100,000 and 50,000 years
 ago, which is concomitant with expansion in human populations. We also
 reveal genes and regulatory elements that possibly contribute to the
 evolution of the digestive system, cranial appendages, immune system,
 metabolism, body size, cursorial locomotion, and dentition of the
 ruminants.
description: alignment and phylogenic
 trees used in the paperRuminant.align.tree.files.tar.gz
DOI: 10.5258/soton/wp00841
title: Estimates of 2015-2030 total number of people per grid square broken down by gender and age groupings at a resolution of 3 arc (approximately 100m at the equator) R2025A version v1.

description: Estimates of 2015-2030 total number of people per grid square broken down by gender and age groupings at a resolution of 3 arc (approximately 100m at the equator) R2025A version v1. Global Demographic Data Project - Funded by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-045237). WorldPop - School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sd32fh5
title: Data from: Effect of dalfampridine on information processing speed impairment in multiple sclerosis

description: Objective: To test a possible benefit of dalfampridine on information
 processing speed (IPS), a key function for cognitive impairment (CogIm) in
 multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind,
 placebo-controlled trial, we included patients with a score on the Symbol
 Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) under the 10th percentile of the reference
 value. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive dalfampridine 10
 mg or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. They underwent a comprehensive
 neuropsychological evaluation at screening (T0), at the end of treatment
 (T1), and after a 4-week follow-up (T2). The primary endpoint was
 improvement in SDMT. Results: Out of 208 patients screened, 120 were
 randomized to receive either dalfampridine (n = 80) or placebo (n = 40).
 At T1, the dalfampridine group presented an increase of SDMT scores vs
 placebo group (mean change 9.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.5–11.4] vs
 5.2 [95% CI 2.8–7.6], p = 0.0018; d = 0.60 for raw score; and 0.8 [95% CI
 0.6–1] vs 0.3 [95% CI 0.0–0.5], p = 0.0013; d = 0.61 for z scores; by
 linear mixed model with robust standard error). The improvement was not
 sustained at T2. A beneficial effect of dalfampridine was observed in the
 Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and in cognitive fatigue. Conclusion:
 Dalfampridine could be considered as an effective treatment option for IPS
 impairment in MS. Trial registration: 2013-002558-64 EU Clinical Trials
 Register. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence
 that for patients with MS with low scores on the SDMT, dalfampridine
 improves IPS.
description: additional_materialResults of secondary analysis performed adjusting for disease phenotype and restricting the analysis to relapsing remitting group (Table S1 and S2)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bb48rf0
title: Data from: Empirical evidence that large marine predator foraging behavior is consistent with area-restricted search theory

description: When prey is patchily distributed, predators are expected to spend more
 time searching for food in proximity of recent prey captures before
 searching in other areas. This behavior, known as area-restricted search,
 results in predators remaining localized in areas where prey had been
 detected previously because of the higher probability of encountering
 additional prey. However, few studies have tested these predictions on
 marine species because of the difficulties of observing feeding behavior.
 In this study, we utilized passive acoustic detections of echolocating
 dolphins to identify foraging behavior. C-PODs (click train detectors)
 were deployed for two years with an acoustic recorder attached to the same
 mooring during the second year. The time series of feeding buzzes,
 indicative of foraging behavior, revealed that both bottlenose (Tursiops
 truncatus) and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were more likely to
 stay in the area longer when foraging activity was high at the beginning
 of the encounter. The probability of foraging was also higher following
 previous foraging activity. This suggests that dolphins were feeding on
 spatially patchy prey and previous foraging experience influenced their
 movement behavior. This is consistent with the predictions of
 area-restricted search behavior, a nonrandom foraging strategy.
description: Bottlenose Dolphin
 DetectionsTime series of passive
 acoustic detections of bottlenose dolphins at four sites. Column
 abbreviations: MinutesBetwOcc=Minutes between dolphin occurrence,
 EncNumber=Encounter number, lnlCIus=natural logarithm of inter-click
 interval in microseconds, Foraging=feeding buzz detected during that
 minute as True or False.BottlenoseDolphinDetections.csvCommon Dolphin DetectionsTime series of passive acoustic detections of common dolphins at two sites. Column abbreviations: MinutesBetwOcc=Minutes between dolphin occurrence, EncNumber=Encounter number, lnlCIus=natural logarithm of inter-click interval in microseconds, Foraging=feeding buzz detected during that minute as True or False.CommonDolphinDetections.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5bp74q1
title: Data from: Sex in the city: sexual selection and urban colonisation in passerines

description: Urbanization leads to a rapid and drastic transformation of habitats,
 forcing native fauna to manage novel ecological challenges or to move.
 Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, which is sometimes
 predicted to enhance the ability of species to adapt to novel environments
 because it allows females to choose high quality males, but other times is
 predicted to reduce the viability of populations because it pushes males
 beyond naturally selected optima. However, we do not know whether or how
 sexual selection contributes to the likelihood that animals will establish
 in urban areas. We use a comparative analysis of passerine birds to test
 whether traits associated with pre- and post-mating sexual selection
 predict successful colonisation of urban areas. We found that plumage
 dichromatism was negatively associated with urban tolerance, but found no
 relationship with sexual size dimorphism or testes mass relative to body
 mass. While we cannot determine the exact reason why species with high
 plumage dichromatism occur less in cities it is likely that urban areas
 increase the costs of expressing bright colouration due, for instance, to
 dietary constraints, limited male parental care or increased predation.
description: Data_Sex in the
 cityThis dataset shows the
 different proxies of sexual selection, body mass and urban
 presence/absence for all the passerine species studied.Data_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t797er
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12290 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is ULg_Hexapoda",
 "Country is Belgium"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12290 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001770-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tt6v3jg
title: Data from: A burrowing ecosystem engineer positively affects its microbial prey under stressful conditions

description: 1. Species that facilitate others under stressful conditions are often
 ecosystem engineers: organisms that modify or create physical habitat. 2.
 The net effect of an engineering species on another depends on both the
 magnitude of trophic or competitive interactions, and the specific
 environmental context. 3. We used a laboratory system to isolate the
 trophic and engineering impacts of a predator, the nematode Caenorhabditis
 remanei, on its prey, Escherichia coli under different levels of
 environmental stress. We predicted that under stressful surface conditions
 the nematodes would positively impact their prey by creating burrows that
 protected the bacteria. 4. Colony plate counts of E. coli indicated that
 there was a stress-induced change in the net impact of nematodes on
 bacteria from neutral to positive. Predator engineering in the form of
 burrowing allowed larger bacteria populations to survive. 5. We conclude
 that even in a simple 2 species system a predator can positively impact
 prey via ecosystem engineering.
description: SGHColony forming units of
 e.coli and total in various treatments. Rows 1-6 used for analysis,
 remaining rows are additional information
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cj8kk41
title: Data from: Common statistical patterns in urban terrorism

description: The underlying reasons behind modern terrorism are seemingly complex and
 intangible. Despite diverse causal mechanisms, research has shown that
 there exists general statistical patterns at the global scale that can
 shed light on human confrontation behaviour. Whilst many policing and
 counter-terrorism operations are conducted at a city level, there has been
 a lack of research in building city-level resolution prediction engines
 based on statistical patterns. For the first time, the paper shows that
 there exists general commonalities between global cities under terrorist
 attacks. By examining over 30,000 geo-tagged terrorism acts over 7000
 cities worldwide from 2002 to today, the results shows the following. All
 cities experience attacks $A$ that are uncorrelated to the population and
 separated by a time interval $t$ that is negative exponentially
 distributed $\sim \exp(-A^{-1})$, with a death-toll per attack that
 follows a power law distribution. The prediction parameters yield a high
 confidence of explaining up to 87\% of the variations in frequency and
 89\% in the death-toll data. These findings show that the aggregate
 statistical behaviour of terror attacks are seemingly random and
 memoryless for all global cities. The enabled the author to develop a
 data-driven city-specific prediction system and we quantify its
 information theoretic uncertainty and information loss. Further analysis
 show that there appears to be an increase in the uncertainty over the
 predictability of attacks, challenging our ability to develop effective
 counter-terrorism capabilities.
description: world_citiesLocation and population of global cities at approx. 2007 census.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mg5h6dr
title: Data from: Characterization of bioadsorbent produced using incorporated treatment of chemical and carbonization procedures

description: The production of bioadsorbent from palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut
 shell (CS) pretreated with 30% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was optimized using
 the response surface methodology (RSM). Iodine adsorption for both
 bioadsorbents was optimized by central composite design (CCD). Two
 parameters including the H3PO4 pretreatment temperature and carbonization
 temperature were determined as significant factors to improve the iodine
 adsorption of the bioadsorbent. Statistical analysis results divulges that
 both factors had significant effect on the iodine adsorption for the
 bioadsorbent. From the RSM analysis, it was suggested that using 80°C and
 79°C as H3PO4 pretreatment temperature and 714°C and 715°C as
 carbonization temperature would enhance the iodine adsorption of the CS
 and PKS bioadsobent, respectively. This results indicated that H3PO4 is a
 good pretreatment for preparing PKS and CS prior to carbonization process
 to produce bioadsorbent with well-developed microporous and mesoporous
 volume. The effort to produce alternative high grade and inexpensive
 adsorbent derived from lignocellulosic biomass, particularly in the nut
 shell form was implied in this research.
description: Book1ANOVA for the mass
 yield, ash content, volatile content and fixed carbon content of CS and
 PKS bioadsorbent. Means followed by the same letter in the same column are
 not significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 according to Tukey’s multiple
 comparison test.Book2Experimental design
 matrix and resultsBook3N2-adsorption isotherm
 for the non-treated CS and PKS bioadsorbent carbonized with temperature at
 700°C for 75 min and CS and PKS bioadsorbent pretreated with H3PO4 with
 temperature of 80°C under carbonization temperature at 700°C for 75 min at
 77 K.Book4FTIR for the non-treated
 CS and PKS bioadsorbent carbonized with temperature at 700°C for 75 min
 and CS and PKS bioadsorbent pretreated with H3PO4 with temperature of 80°C
 under carbonization temperature at 700°C for 75 min.Book5TGA for the non-treated
 CS and PKS bioadsorbent carbonized with temperature at 700°C for 75 min
 and CS and PKS bioadsorbent pretreated with H3PO4 with a temperature of
 80°C under carbonization temperature at 700°C for 75
 min.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.269rh68
title: Data from: Experimental and numerical studies on combustion characteristics of N2-diluted CH4 and O2 diffusion combustion in a packed bed

description: Experimental and numerical studies were conducted to determine the
 combustion characteristics of gas diffusion combustion in a porous
 combustor packed with 2.5 mm or 3.5 mm alumina pellets，special attention
 is focused on the effect of packed bed height (h) on combustion, NO and CO
 emissions. The pollutant emission of diffusion filtration combustion is
 studied with different packed bed lengthsin the range of 40 mm≤h≤240 mm,
 fixed excess air ratio of 1.88 and fixed gas inlet velocity of 0.06 m/s.
 Results show that both immerged and surface flames coexist in the
 combustor. Although porous media enhances the mixing and diffusion
 processes, the diffusion flame shape is still observed from the side and
 top views of the combustor, the diffusion filtration remains properties of
 diffusion combustion. The immersed flame is always observed with increase
 in h, whereas the height of surface flame decreases. The NO emission
 decreases sharply when his increased from 40 mm to 120 mm. However, the NO
 emission decreases slightly when h&gt;120 mm. In the investigated
 range of h, it is shown that h has a significant influence on the CO
 emission, an increase in h leads to a constant increase in CO for the
 combustors packed with 2.5 mm or 3.5 mm pellets.The maximum CO emission is
 662 ppm and the minimum value is 67 ppm. In the scope of this study, the
 temperature on the external wall of the combustor reaches 434℃-513℃.
description: Original
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s284591
title: Data from: Individual variation in phenotypic plasticity of the stress axis

description: Phenotypic plasticity—one individual’s capacity for phenotypic variation
 under different environments—is critical for organisms facing fluctuating
 conditions within their lifetime. North American red squirrels
 (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) experience drastic among-year fluctuations in
 conspecific density. This shapes juvenile competition over vacant
 territories and overwinter survival. To help young cope with competition
 at high densities, mothers can increase offspring growth rates via a
 glucocorticoid-mediated maternal effect. However, this effect is only
 adaptive under high densities, and faster growth often comes at a cost to
 longevity. While red squirrels can adjust hormones in response to
 fluctuating density, the degree to which mothers differ in glucocorticoid
 plasticity across changing densities remains unknown. Findings from our
 reaction norm approach revealed significant individual variation not only
 in a female red squirrel’s mean endocrine phenotype, but also in endocrine
 plasticity in response to changes in local density. Future work on
 proximate and ultimate drivers of variation in endocrine plasticity and
 maternal effects is needed, particularly in free-living animals
 experiencing fluctuating environments.
description: Squirrel Stress
 Plasticity Dryad CodeCodeSquirrel Stress
 Plasticity DryadRaw
 Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.aa6my7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 940 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mexico",
 "TaxonKey is Euphorbia radians"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 940 records from 52 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001772-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.47h01t4
title: Data from: Essential waters: young bull sharks in Fiji’s largest riverine system

description: Coastal and estuarine systems provide critical shark habitats due to their
 relatively high productivity and shallow, protected waters. The young
 (neonates, young-of-the-year and juveniles) of many coastal shark species
 occupy a diverse range of habitats and areas where they experience
 environmental variability, including acute and seasonal shifts in local
 salinities and temperatures. Although the location and functioning of
 essential shark habitats has been a focus in recent shark research, data
 paucity from the South Pacific is evident. In this study, we document the
 temporal and spatial distribution, age class composition and environmental
 parameters of young bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the Rewa,
 Sigatoka and Navua Rivers, Fiji’s three largest riverine systems.
 One-hundred and seventy-two young bull sharks were captured from January
 2016 to April 2018. The vast majority of the captures were neonates.
 Seasonality in patterns of occurrence of neonate individuals suggests a
 defined parturition period during summer. Environmental parameters between
 the Rewa and the Sigatoka River differed significantly, as did the
 recorded young bull sharks abundance. According to the surveys, young bull
 sharks occur in all three rivers with the Rewa River likely representing
 essential habitats for newly born bull sharks.
description: Data_Rewa_ParametersThe data file includes information upon which the descriptive statistics in the paper are based on. The dataset contains the river surveyed, environmental parameters, number of bull sharks caught per trip and the corresponding date. The dataset, however, does not include exact sample locations or fishery-dependent data.bullsrewa_sigatoka kerstin.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8x3wcm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1795736 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-20 -38,55 -38,55 38,-20 38,-20 -38))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Mammalia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1795736 records from 551 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001744-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.