cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8k608
title: Data from: Maintaining functional major histocompatibility complex diversity under inbreeding: the case of a selfing vertebrate

description: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes encode proteins that present
 pathogen-derived antigens to T-cells, initiating the adaptive immune
 response in vertebrates. Although populations with low MHC diversity tend
 to be more susceptible to pathogens, some bottlenecked populations persist
 and even increase in numbers despite low MHC diversity. Thus, the relative
 importance of MHC diversity versus genome-wide variability for the
 long-term viability of populations after bottlenecks and/or under high
 inbreeding is controversial. We tested the hypothesis that genome-wide
 inbreeding (estimated using microsatellites) should be more critical than
 MHC diversity alone in determining pathogen resistance in the
 self-fertilising fish Kryptolebias marmoratus by analysing MHC diversity
 and parasite loads in natural and laboratory populations with different
 degrees of inbreeding. Both MHC and neutral diversities were lost after
 several generations of selfing, but we also found evidence of parasite
 selection acting on MHC diversity and of non-random loss of alleles,
 suggesting a possible selective advantage of those individuals with
 functionally divergent MHC, in accordance to the hypothesis of divergent
 allele advantage. Moreover, we found that parasite loads were better
 explained by including MHC diversity in the model than by genome-wide
 (microsatellites) heterozygosity alone. Our results suggest that
 immune-related overdominance could be key in maintaining variables rates
 of selfing and outcrossing in K. marmoratus and other mixed-mating
 species.
description: PRSB MHC Raw
 Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3p05
title: Data from: Increased susceptibility to fungal disease accompanies adaptation to drought in Brassica rapa

description: Recent studies have demonstrated adaptive evolutionary responses to
 climate change, but little is known about how these responses may
 influence ecological interactions with other organisms, including natural
 enemies. We used a resurrection experiment in the greenhouse to examine
 the effect of evolutionary responses to drought on the susceptibility of
 Brassica rapa plants to a fungal pathogen, Alternaria brassicae. In
 agreement with previous studies in this population, we found an
 evolutionary shift to earlier flowering post-drought, which was previously
 shown to be adaptive. Here we report the novel finding that post-drought
 descendant plants were also more susceptible to disease, indicating a
 rapid evolutionary shift to increased susceptibility. This was accompanied
 by an evolutionary shift to increased specific leaf area (thinner leaves)
 following drought. We found that flowering time and disease susceptibility
 displayed plastic responses to experimental drought treatments, but that
 this plasticity did not match the direction of evolution, indicating that
 plastic and evolutionary responses to changes in climate can be opposed.
 The observed evolutionary shift to increased disease susceptibility
 accompanying adaptation to drought provides evidence that even if
 populations can rapidly adapt in response to climate change, evolution in
 other traits may have ecological effects that could make species more
 vulnerable.
description: OHara et al data from
 greenhouse studyThese data were
 collected in a greenhouse study published in Evolution entitled
 "Increased susceptibility to fungal disease accompanies adaptation to
 drought in Brassica rapa". Column headings include (A) the plant
 number, (B) the temporal population including arb97, the ancestral
 population, and arb04, the descendant population, (C) watering treatment,
 (D) inoculation treatment, (E) days to flowring, (F) whether the plant was
 included in the flowering time analysis based on parameters described in
 the manuscript, (G) soil moisture, (H) health of inoculated leaf, (I) the
 leaf area used to calculate SLA, (J) the dry leaf weight used to calculate
 SLA, (K) SLA.OHara_et_al_data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tm2k786
title: Data from: A phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cyrtodactylus peguensis group (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) with descriptions of two new species from Myanmar

description: A phylogenetic taxonomy of species in the Cyrtodactylus peguensis group
 from the Ayeyarwady Basin of Myanmar is constructed based on color
 pattern, morphology, and molecular systematic analyses using the
 mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2. Newly collected samples
 from the type locality of C. peguensis and other localities indicate that
 this clade is endemic to central Myanmar and contains at least seven
 species, four of which are undescribed. Three species, including C.
 peguensis occur in the low hills of the Bago Yoma Range within the central
 portion of the Ayeyarwady Basin. Two of these, C. myintkyawthurai sp. nov.
 from the northern and central Bago Yoma and C. meersi sp. nov. which is
 syntopic with C. peguensis in the southern Bago Yoma are described herein.
 As more lowland hilly areas bordering, and within the Ayeyarwady Basin are
 surveyed, more new species of this group are likely to be discovered.
 These discoveries continue the recent surge of descriptions of new species
 of Cyrtodactylus that are being discovered in Myanmar.
description: Nexus file of the ND2
 sequence dataThis nexus file contains
 all the sequences used to construct the maximum likelihood and Bayesian
 trees and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent
 analysisCyrt_peguensis_2-26-18_ML.tre
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.21fm7
title: Data from: Functional diversity of Collembola is reduced in soils subjected to short-term, but not long-term, geothermal warming

description: 1. Human activities have caused global changes of atmospheric chemistry
 resulting in increased temperature especially in the colder regions of the
 northern hemisphere. Since warming of the environment can have drastic
 effects on terrestrial ecosystems it is important to experimentally
 evaluate the extent of such effects in long-term field-based experiments.
 In the present study we make use of both recent (short-term) and long-term
 geothermal warming of Icelandic soils to examine the responses of
 Collembola, an ecologically important group of soil invertebrates, to
 warming. 2. Based on metabolic scaling theory, we hypothesized that
 species of small size would be more successful in warmed soils than
 species of larger size. Further we expected that top-soil dwelling species
 would benefit more from warming than deep-soil dwelling species. In order
 to test these hypotheses we sampled Collembola along replicated gradients
 of increasing temperature in areas that had been heated for about six
 years and more than 50 years, respectively. Collembola were identified to
 species level, counted, and the community-weighted mean trait scores for
 six functional and ecological traits were calculated. 3. Results show that
 both short-term and long-term soil warming caused a shift towards a higher
 relative abundance of species with small body size. Further, abundance of
 top-soil dwelling Collembola tended to increase after short-term warming,
 but the opposite was observed after long-term warming. 4. Using
 trait-based diversity indices (Frich and RaoQ), we show that functional
 richness and diversity of Collembola communities was significantly reduced
 (almost halved) as a result of short-term soil warming to about 10 °C
 above normal, but this effect was not detected in plots equally warmed for
 more than 50 years. This indicates that the functional diversity of
 Collembola communities have high resilience towards soil warming in a
 long-term perspective.
description: Supporting Information
 Holmstrup et al Appendix 2Abundance of Collembola
 species, groups, and species richness. Community-weighted
 traits.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bh688ft
title: Data from: Evaluating consumptive and nonconsumptive predator effects on prey density using field times series data

description: Determining the degree to which predation affects prey abundance in
 natural communities constitutes a key goal of ecological research.
 Predators can affect prey through both consumptive effects (CEs) and
 nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), although the contributions of each
 mechanism to the density of prey populations remain largely hypothetical
 in most systems. Common statistical methods applied to time series data
 cannot elucidate the mechanisms responsible for hypothesized predator
 effects on prey density (e.g., differentiate CEs from NCEs), nor provide
 parameters for predictive models. State space models (SSMs) applied to
 time series data offer a way to meet these goals. Here, we employ SSMs to
 assess effects of an invasive predatory zooplankter, Bythotrephes
 longimanus, on an important prey species, Daphnia mendotae, in Lake
 Michigan. We fit mechanistic models in a SSM framework to seasonal time
 series (1994-2012) using a recently developed, maximum likelihood-based
 optimization method, iterated filtering, which can overcome challenges in
 ecological data (e.g. nonlinearities, measurement error, and irregular
 sampling intervals). Our results indicate that B. longimanus strongly
 influences D. mendotae dynamics, with mean annual peak densities of B.
 longimanus observed in Lake Michigan estimated to cause a 61% reduction in
 D. mendotae population growth rate and a 59% reduction in peak biomass
 density. Further, the mechanism underlying the B. longimanus effect is
 most consistent with an NCE via reduced birth rates. The SSM approach also
 provided estimates for key biological parameters (e.g., demographic rates)
 and the contribution of dynamic stochasticity and measurement error. Our
 study therefore highlights the utility of SSMs to enhance inference for
 species interactions from time series data. In particular, our findings
 provide evidence derived directly from survey data that the invasive
 zooplankter B. longimanus is affecting zooplankton demographics and offer
 parameter estimates needed to inform predictive models that explore the
 effect of B. longimanus under different scenarios such as climate change.
description: Lake Michigan 110M
 Zooplankton Time Series 1994-2012Time series data from
 zooplankton survey of Lake Michigan collected near Muskegon, MI, via
 vertical tows by NOAA GLERL researchers. Includes collection date and
 Julian day. Biomass density data for Daphnia mendotae (D.mendotae),
 Bythotrephes longimanus (Bythotrephes), and Limnocalanus macrurus (male:
 LimncalanusM and female: LimncalanusF).
 "Prior_to_1st_Daphnia_obs" indicates if the observation occurred
 prior to the first positive observation of D. mendotae each
 year.GLERL_M110_Zoop_1994-2012.txtR markdown file to generate Appendix S1R markdown file used to generate Appendix S1 (included in manuscript supplementary materials), which describes model code and details of analysis used in manuscript.Appendix_Marino_et_al Ecology.Rmd
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5hk4b
title: Data from: Prairie dogs increase fitness by killing interspecific competitors

description: Interspecific competition commonly selects for divergence in ecology,
 morphology, or physiology, but direct observation of interspecific
 competition under natural conditions is difficult. Herbivorous
 white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus) employ an unusual strategy to
 reduce interspecific competition: they kill, but do not consume,
 herbivorous Wyoming ground squirrels (Urocitellus elegans) encountered in
 the prairie dog territories. Results from a 6-year study in Colorado USA
 revealed that interspecific killing (IK) of ground squirrels by prairie
 dogs was common, involving 47 different killers; 19 prairie dogs were
 serial killers in the same or consecutive years, and 30% of female prairie
 dogs killed at least one ground squirrel over their lifetimes. Females
 that killed ground squirrels had significantly higher annual and lifetime
 fitness than nonkillers, probably because of decreased interspecific
 competition for vegetation. Our results document the first case of IK
 among herbivorous mammals in the wild, and show that IK enhances fitness
 for animals living under natural conditions.
description: Annual measures data
 setData for all analyses
 except for that on lifetime fitness.LRS
 datasetData for lifetime
 fitness analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rm83s
title: Data from: Hybrid system increases efficiency of ballast water treatment

description: 1. Ballast water has been a principal pathway of nonindigenous species
 introduction to global ports for much of the 20th century. In an effort to
 reduce the scale of this pathway, and recognizing forthcoming global
 regulations that will supplant ballast water exchange (BWE) with ballast
 water treatment (BWT), we explore whether a combined hybrid treatment of
 BWE and chlorination (Cl) exceeds individual effects of either BWE or
 chlorination alone in reducing densities of bacteria, microplankton and
 macroplankton. 2. Five full-scale trials were conducted on an operational
 bulk carrier travelling between Canada and Brazil. 3. The hybrid treatment
 generally had the lowest final densities among all treatments for putative
 enterococci, Escherichia coli, and coliform bacteria, as well as
 microplankton and macroplankton, with the former two being synergistically
 lower than individual treatments alone. Microplankton abundance in the
 hybrid treatment was significantly but antagonistically reduced relative
 to individual treatments alone. Macroplankton final density was lowest in
 the hybrid treatment, though the interaction between treatments was not
 significant. 4. Synthesis and applications. In most cases the combined
 hybrid treatment of ballast water exchange (BWE) and chlorination reduced
 population densities of indicator organisms in ballast water below those
 proposed by the International Maritime Organization’s D-2 performance
 standards. BWE alone was often ineffective at reducing bacterial and
 macroplankton densities. Even when performance standards are implemented
 globally, continued use of BWE could further reduce risk of invasions to
 freshwater ecosystems that receive ballast water from foreign sources by
 accentuating the decline in propagule pressure and enhancing demographic
 constraints for putative invaders.
description: Hybrid system increases
 efficiency of ballast water treatmentEnvironmental and
 biological initial and final values collected on the study "Hybrid
 system increases efficiency of ballast water
 treatment"Data Accessibility-Hybrid
 system increases efficiency of ballast water
 treatment.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34gp0
title: Data from: Behavioural and physiological responses to prey-related cues reflect higher competitiveness of invasive vs. native ladybirds

description: Understanding the traits that might be linked with biological invasions
 represents a great challenge for preventing non-target effects on local
 biodiversity. In predatory insects, the ability to exploit habitats for
 oviposition and the physiological response to prey availability differs
 between species. Those species that respond more readily to environmental
 changes may confer to their offspring a competitive advantage over other
 species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the invasive Harmonia
 axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) makes better use of information from
 a plant-prey (Vicia faba - Aphis fabae) system compared to the native
 Oenopia conglobata. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that both
 species used olfactory cues from the system, but H. axyridis exhibited a
 more complete response. This species was also attracted by plants
 previously infested by aphids, indicating the capacity to exploit volatile
 synomones induced in plants by aphid attack. Oocyte resorption was
 investigated when different olfactory stimuli were provided under prey
 shortage and the readiness of new oogenesis was measured when prey was
 available again. H. axyridis exhibited higher plasticity in oogenesis
 related to the presence/absence of plant-aphid volatiles. Our results
 support the hypothesis that H. axyridis is more reactive than O.
 conglobata to olfactory cues from the plant-prey system.
description: Rondoni_et_al_2017_SciRep_DataExcel file contains 5 sheets. Sheets 1-2-3-4) data from olfactometer bioassays from the different experiments. Sheet 5) is a descriptor
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f43591n
title: Data from: Rituximab vs placebo induction prior to glatiramer acetate monotherapy in multiple sclerosis

description: Objective: To examine whether rituximab induction followed by glatiramer
 acetate (GA) monotherapy is more effective than GA alone for the treatment
 of relapsing MS with active disease. Methods: This was a single center,
 double-blind, placebo-controlled study(NCT01569451). Fifty-five
 participants were randomly assigned (1:1ratio) to either rituximab (R-GA)
 or placebo induction (P-GA), followed by all participants initiating GA
 therapy. Participants were followed up to 3-years. The primary endpoint
 was the number of participants with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)
 (those without relapse, new MRI lesions and sustained change in
 disability. Results: Twenty-eight and 27 participants received rituximab
 and placebo induction, respectively, with one participant in each arm
 withdrawing prior to 6-month MRI. There were no significant differences in
 baseline characteristics. At end of study, 44.44% of R-GA participants
 demonstrated NEDA, vs 19.23% of P-GA participants (p = 0.049). A smaller
 proportion of R-GA participants failed treatment (37.04%R-GA vs
 69.23%P-GA, p=0.019), and time to treatment failure was longer (23.32
 monthsR-GA vs 11.29 monthsP-GA, p=0.027). Fewer participants in the R-GA
 arm had new lesions (25.93%R-GA vs 61.54%P-GA, p=0.009), and there were
 fewer new T2 lesions (0.48R-GA vs 1.96P-GA vs, p=0.027). Probability of
 demonstrating NEDA in the R-GA arm returned to baseline within the study
 period. There were no differences in adverse events. Conclusions:
 Induction therapy with rituximab followed by GA may provide superior
 efficacy in the short term to GA alone in relapsing MS, but this benefit
 appears to wane within the study period. Larger studies are needed to
 assess sustainability of results.
description: Table e1 - Exploratory
 Patient Reported Outcomes Differences Between Study
 GroupsTable showing the
 differences in Patient Reported Outcome instruments from baseline to end
 of study with comparisons between the study groups.Table
 e1.docxTable e2 - Infusion
 ReactionsTable detailing the
 various infusion reactions experienced in the two study groups (Rituximab
 vs Placebo infusion).Table
 e2.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1rv58
title: Data from: Indirect effects of ocean acidification drive feeding and growth of juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci

description: The indirect effects of changing climate in modulating trophic
 interactions can be as important as the direct effects of climate
 stressors on consumers. The success of the herbivorous juvenile stage of
 the crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS), Acanthaster planci, may be affected
 by the impacts of ocean conditions on its crustose coralline algal (CCA)
 food. To partition the direct effects of near future ocean acidification
 on juvenile COTS and indirect effects through changes in their CCA food,
 COTS were grown in three pHT levels (7.9, 7.8, 7.6) and fed CCA grown at
 similar pH levels. Consumption of CCA by COTS was bolstered when the COTS
 were grown in low pH and when they were fed CCA grown in low pH regardless
 of the pH in which the COTS were reared. COTS fed CCA grown at pH 7.6 grew
 fastest, but the pH/pCO2 that the COTS were reared in had no direct effect
 on growth. Ocean acidification conditions decreased the C : N ratio and
 carbonate levels in the CCA. Bolstered growth in COTS may be driven by
 enhanced palatability, increased nutritive state and reduced defences of
 their CCA food. These results indicate that near future acidification will
 increase the success of early juvenile COTS and boost recruitment into the
 coral-eating life stage.
description: DataRaw data associated with
 all figures, tables and analyses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28369436
title: Analysis of 67,975 Emergency Deployments in a Major German City – Criteria for More Efficient Dispatching of Emergency Physicians

description: Efficient dispatching of physician-staffed vehicles in emergency medical services requires clear criteria to ensure timely allocation of resources, improve patient outcomes, and minimize response time under high-pressure conditions. The aim of this study was to identify criteria ensuring that emergency physicians are safely managed and efficiently deployed. Rescue service deployments in the city of Dresden, Germany (01/01/2021–12/31/2021), were analyzed retrospectively. The rescue mission indications determined by the telecommunicator, along with the presence of vital sign abnormalities at site – such as airway, breathing, circulation, and disability – based on the ABCDE approach from the Advanced Life Support and Advanced Trauma Life Support algorithms, were analyzed. Specific emergency medical procedures carried out in the particular mission were assigned to the respective competence level (CL): CL1: invasive measures reserved for physicians; CL2: invasive measures that paramedics are trained to use independently in emergency situations; CL3: standard measures; CL4: counseling only; and CL5: no measures. In all, 67,975 missions were analyzed. Missions were most frequently dispatched for internal indications, such as cardiovascular and pulmonary emergencies (28.4%), and traumatological indications (20.4%). Despite the physician being dispatched in 36.5% of cases, invasive measures (CL1/CL2) were only used in 13.9% of missions. Internal indications (11.8%) and resuscitation (19.6%) frequently required CL1 measures. CL2 measures were more frequently applied than CL1 measures for allergic (44.2% vs. 1.9%), neurological (12.5% vs. 3.4%), and psychological (6.1% vs. 0.7%) indications. In most interventions (62.2%), only the standard competencies (CL3) were used as the highest level of competence. For most mission indications, the probability of invasive measures (CL1/CL2) increased significantly in the presence of at least one vital sign abnormality. The results show opportunities for optimizing emergency physician dispatch. The presence of a vital sign abnormality should be given greater consideration in the future. Query algorithms for detecting cases with a high probability of requiring CL1/CL2 measures could support efficient dispatching. Furthermore, emergencies requiring CL2 but rarely CL1 measures could be handled independently by emergency paramedics, particularly if they have access to the support of a tele-emergency physician for situations where CL1 measures become necessary.