cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5980054
title: Medical Training at UFSB: III. Competency and Problem Based Learning

description: ABSTRACT Curricular reforms in medical education has been much debated in the specialized Brazilian literature. Some reforms have sought to introduce active learning strategies, but with few effective changes. In previous articles, we have introduced the general model of a medical course based on cycles, proposed by the Federal University of Southern Bahia. In this article, we submit to debate the set of pedagogical strategies structuring this project. First, we discuss the concept of “competence” articulated to the demands of a broad professional citizen formation, incorporating effective technologies to humanized care and to labor processes in health. Then, we present learning tools and methodologies that conform a matrix of active pedagogical strategies adopted by the course, based on four central devices: Significant Learning Commitments; Active Learning Teams; Integrated Shared Learning System; Competency and Problem-Based Learning. Such devices (and related strategies) promote the application of strategies and instruments of active and solidary learning in all stages of training, with intensive use of digital technologies and social media. We discuss the fundamentals and perspectives of this pedagogical organization format, which refers to the consistency with the curricular model, emphasizing the strategy of learning oriented by concrete problems as the central axis of training guided by health care practices. As a standardized and dynamic tool for patient follow-up, the patient's record oriented by problems and evidence (POPE) is used, in a computerized version, more adequate and efficient than the traditional template, adapted for use in the different contexts of UFSB clinical practice. This proposal is part of the effort to build a new pedagogical culture based on a sociocritical (inter-cultural, inter-personal, interprofessional and interdisciplinary) perspective of medical education, capable of articulating, in an integrated way, the education system in health to those of science, technology and innovation, aiming to promote integrality, humanization and resolution in health care practices. 300 words
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5979937
title: Evaluation of the Medical-Patient Relationship in Internal Students of a Medicine Course

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the attitudes of the medical intern students regarding the doctor-patient relationship, in terms of the aspects of caring and sharing. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were used in the development of the study, one with occupational sociodemographic data and the other the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which aims to evaluate the doctor-patient relationship from the student's perspective. A total of 136 medical intern students from a university in Goiânia/GO were interviewed. Results: the mean age of the sample population was 24.7 (± 2.8), 90 were female (66.7%) and 128 (94.1%) were single. Among all the students the scores were: overall (4.48 ± 1.56), sharing (3.92 ± 1.59) and caring (5.04 ± 1.31). The women presented higher scores in the “sharing” aspect (3.97 ± 11.61) than the men (3.82 ± 1.54), with p = 0.034, and in the global mean, female (4.51 ± 1, 57) and male (4.40 ± 1.55), with p = 0.047. For the “sharing” factor, those who said they had completed extracurricular internship (3.98 ± 1.62) reported a better score than those who had not (3.81 ± 1.53), with p = 0.033. The students that specified social contribution as a factor in their decision to follow the medical course (4.00 ± 1.58) presented a better score in the “sharing” factor. Conclusion: Most of the intern students focused their attention on the doctor figure rather than the patient, especially with the lower scores at the end of the training period. By contrast, the academics believed that the patient's expectations, feelings, and life circumstances may interfere with their treatment. Women, students who performed extracurricular activities during the course and students who pointed out social contribution as a factor in their decision to follow a medical career, presented better results from the point of view of dialogue and allowing the patient to be part of the treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5980033.v1
title: Burnout and depression in residents of a Multi-professional Program in Oncology: a longitudinal prospective study

description: ABSTRACT The multi-professional residency is a modality of a lato sensu specialization course characterized by in-service training. The lack of previous professional experience, the extensive workload of the program and the dual role of the student-worker can lead the resident to illness. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of burnout syndrome and depression among residents of a multi-professional program in oncology. This is a prospective longitudinal study with 46 residents of a multi-professional residency program in oncology. Three instruments of information collection were used: one to identify sociodemographic characteristics and absence for health reasons; Maslach Burnout Inventory; and Beck Depression Inventory. The data collection instruments were applied among the same participants of the study, in three instances over a two-year period: at the beginning, at the end of the first and of the second years of residence. The results regarding the sociodemographic characteristics, the intensity of the three dimensions of burnout, the frequency of burnout syndrome and the frequency and intensity of depression were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Fisher's exact test was applied to analyze the correlation between variables related to personal habits and leave of absence for health reasons with the presence of burnout syndrome or depression. The scores of the three aspects of burnout and depression in the three instances studied were compared using the Wilcoxon test. At the end of the study, it was identified that 75.0% of the participants presented burnout syndrome and 72.5% had some level of depression. As for the subscales of burnout, there was an increase in emotional exhaustion and in low personal accomplishment. There was also an increase in the frequency and intensity of depression. There was a positive correlation between leave of absence for health reasons and the presence of burnout and between the occurrence of burnout syndrome and cases of depression. Burnout syndrome was correlated to the occurrence of depression and both problems displayed significant increase throughout the residency program. The findings point to the severity of the problem, considering that both conditions appeared in the first year of the course. Strategies for prevention and control are necessary to minimize the consequences on learning, residents' quality of life and the care provided to cancer patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5979733
title: Analysis of Empathy Levels of Medicine Students

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the levels of empathy among medical students attending a philanthropic university, evaluating the evolution of compassionate care, the ability to put oneself in the patient's place and to look at things in perspective, among first-year and final-year medical students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were applied, one with sociodemographic data and the other the Jefferson Scale that evaluates medical empathy. Included in the survey were 152 academics from the first, second and sixth years of a medical course at a philanthropic university in the city of Goiânia/GO. Results: The mean age was 22.7 years (± 3.7), 64.5% female and 98.0% single. The majority reported a family income of more than 10 minimum wages (49.3%) and live in their own homes (84.2%). The overall score of the participants was 116.9 (± 13.0) and the final score was 117.1 (± 15.1). As regards compassionate care, the scores were 69.4 (± 8.0) and 68.8 (± 9.4), for the capacity to place themselves in the patient's position, 8.4 (± 3.0) and 8.6 (± 2.9), and looking at things in perspective, 39.1 (± 6.3) and 39.7 (± 6.3), respectively. In the entire sample population the scores were: overall (117.0 ± 13.9), compassionate care (69.1 ± 8.6), putting oneself in the place of the patient (8.5 ± 3.0) and taking a view of things in perspective (39.4 ± 6.3). In relation to “putting themselves in the patient's place” the age scores were: 18 to 24 years old, 8.6; 25 to 29 years of 8.2 and 30 to 45 years of 7.8. The female gender produced higher scores regarding empathy (119.0) and “compassionate care” (70.7). Conclusion: The data pointed to a discrete tendency of the graduating students to be more empathic than the newcomers. Sociodemographic data, such as female sex, the absence of personal illness, living in their own home and being a younger age were predictors that indicated greater empathic capacity in the relationship with the patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5979733.v1
title: Analysis of Empathy Levels of Medicine Students

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the levels of empathy among medical students attending a philanthropic university, evaluating the evolution of compassionate care, the ability to put oneself in the patient's place and to look at things in perspective, among first-year and final-year medical students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were applied, one with sociodemographic data and the other the Jefferson Scale that evaluates medical empathy. Included in the survey were 152 academics from the first, second and sixth years of a medical course at a philanthropic university in the city of Goiânia/GO. Results: The mean age was 22.7 years (± 3.7), 64.5% female and 98.0% single. The majority reported a family income of more than 10 minimum wages (49.3%) and live in their own homes (84.2%). The overall score of the participants was 116.9 (± 13.0) and the final score was 117.1 (± 15.1). As regards compassionate care, the scores were 69.4 (± 8.0) and 68.8 (± 9.4), for the capacity to place themselves in the patient's position, 8.4 (± 3.0) and 8.6 (± 2.9), and looking at things in perspective, 39.1 (± 6.3) and 39.7 (± 6.3), respectively. In the entire sample population the scores were: overall (117.0 ± 13.9), compassionate care (69.1 ± 8.6), putting oneself in the place of the patient (8.5 ± 3.0) and taking a view of things in perspective (39.4 ± 6.3). In relation to “putting themselves in the patient's place” the age scores were: 18 to 24 years old, 8.6; 25 to 29 years of 8.2 and 30 to 45 years of 7.8. The female gender produced higher scores regarding empathy (119.0) and “compassionate care” (70.7). Conclusion: The data pointed to a discrete tendency of the graduating students to be more empathic than the newcomers. Sociodemographic data, such as female sex, the absence of personal illness, living in their own home and being a younger age were predictors that indicated greater empathic capacity in the relationship with the patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5979937.v1
title: Evaluation of the Medical-Patient Relationship in Internal Students of a Medicine Course

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the attitudes of the medical intern students regarding the doctor-patient relationship, in terms of the aspects of caring and sharing. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were used in the development of the study, one with occupational sociodemographic data and the other the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which aims to evaluate the doctor-patient relationship from the student's perspective. A total of 136 medical intern students from a university in Goiânia/GO were interviewed. Results: the mean age of the sample population was 24.7 (± 2.8), 90 were female (66.7%) and 128 (94.1%) were single. Among all the students the scores were: overall (4.48 ± 1.56), sharing (3.92 ± 1.59) and caring (5.04 ± 1.31). The women presented higher scores in the “sharing” aspect (3.97 ± 11.61) than the men (3.82 ± 1.54), with p = 0.034, and in the global mean, female (4.51 ± 1, 57) and male (4.40 ± 1.55), with p = 0.047. For the “sharing” factor, those who said they had completed extracurricular internship (3.98 ± 1.62) reported a better score than those who had not (3.81 ± 1.53), with p = 0.033. The students that specified social contribution as a factor in their decision to follow the medical course (4.00 ± 1.58) presented a better score in the “sharing” factor. Conclusion: Most of the intern students focused their attention on the doctor figure rather than the patient, especially with the lower scores at the end of the training period. By contrast, the academics believed that the patient's expectations, feelings, and life circumstances may interfere with their treatment. Women, students who performed extracurricular activities during the course and students who pointed out social contribution as a factor in their decision to follow a medical career, presented better results from the point of view of dialogue and allowing the patient to be part of the treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5980042
title: The Academic Leagues in the Health Area: Knowledge Gaps from the Brazilian Scientific Production

description: ABSTRACT Academic Leagues are powerful strategies developed in health training, which integrate teaching, research and extension activities, carried out by the students and supervised by teachers. The objective of this work, therefore, is to investigate Brazilian scientific production about academic leagues in order to identify knowledge gaps. This is a study into the state of affairs based on searches in the Virtual Health Library and the CAPES Data Bank of Theses and Dissertations. The keyword “academic leagues” was used with the following guiding question: “What scientific production is there regarding academic leagues?” After detailed analysis, 24 pieces of work were selected for the final sample of the study. It was found that medicine stands out in the study of the theme, with the Brazilian Journal of Medical Education being the periodical that has published the most articles on the theme. It was also identified that the following types of study prevailed: case studies and editorial reports. The case studies were mainly related to experiences in leagues by specialties and undergraduate courses. Also of note were works regarding the standardization of the academic leagues, and academic leagues and health training as an object of study. Academic Leagues have been growing throughout Brazil, with an emphasis on medical courses as precursors to these initiatives. The main contributions they offer to health education are the promotion of training based on the reality with which future professionals will be engaged, the capacity to stimulate teamwork, critical reflection, and student autonomy. However, some challenges are recognized, such as early specialization and lack of effective teacher supervision. From the tripod of the university, academic leagues have the possibility to promote a differentiated health training, anticipating the insertion of the trainees in practical settings, and filling the knowledge gaps found in undergraduate training based on an autonomous student-led approach, besides providing teaching-service-community integration.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12210398
title: Video with Virtual Patients in the Assessment of Medical Interns’ Knowledge on Headache

description: Abstract: Introduction: The National Curriculum Directive emphasizes that medical curricula should be based on the health needs of the population. Understanding that headache is a public health problem, it must be among the competences required for professional practice at the primary care level. Thus, the assessment of the headache education in undergraduate medical school is fundamental. The aim of this paper is to present an innovative assessment methodology that uses video with virtual characters to assess medical students´ knowledge about headache. Method: This is an exploratory, quantitative research, where the knowledge of the medical interns of a federal public university was evaluated through clinical cases with virtual patients. Data were analyzed according to the a priori categories: 1) headache diagnosis; 2) acute treatment of headache; 3) prophylactic treatment of headache; and 4) need for further exams or expert assessment. Results: Of the 155 students regularly enrolled in the medical Internship, 31 participated in the research. The analysis showed that only 16.13% recognized chronic migraine, 93.55% recognized the warning signs for secondary headache, and 96.77% diagnosed tension headache. In the treatment of acute migraine phase, the most often prescribed drug classes were anti-inflammatory and simple analgesic drugs. In the case of secondary headache of infectious etiology, the majority (69.56%) prescribed empirical antibiotic therapy. Treatment of the acute phase of tension headache was adequately prescribed by 64.51% of the students. Regarding prophylactic therapy, 87.09% indicated it for migraine and only 29.03% for tension headache. As for the indication of complementary exams, 77.42% did not consider it adequate in migraine cases, while 77.42% indicated the study of CSF in secondary headache. Most students requested neurological evaluation for secondary headache and did not request it for tension headache. The assessment tool was effective in assessing headache knowledge. The use of videos with virtual patients is a useful tool in the assessment of headache knowledge. Conclusion: The results allow us to conclude that there are gaps in the diagnosis and management of headache during the undergraduate medical degree of the assessed university, so it is imperative to define a matrix of minimum competences for headache education in undergraduate medical school in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279413
title: Barriers and Facilitators of the Teaching-Learning Process of Medical Students in Primary Care in the City of São Paulo

description: Abstract: Introduction: Although Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential for medical students’ training, the perceptions of primary care workers about the teaching-learning process have been overlooked, particularly in municipalities where PHC management is performed by a private organization instead of the government, such as in the city of São Paulo. Objective: to analyze the perceptions of primary care workers about barriers and facilitators of medical students’ teaching-learning process in PHC in the city of São Paulo. Method: we conducted a qualitative research. We performed in-depth interviews with 12 primary care workers from the family health teams (four physicians, four nurses and four community health workers), who worked in primary care clinics in the east region of the city and received medical students, from 1st-year to internship students. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and afterwards, they were repeatedly read. We identified thematic units following the content analysis principles. Results: the barriers to medical students’ teaching-learning process in PHC were the following: (1) excessive number of scheduled patients and scarcity of time for discussion; (2) inadequate infrastructure of primary care clinics; (3) lack of training; and (4) ineffective integration among faculty, healthcare workers, managers and the assisted population. The facilitating factors of the teaching-learning process were: (1) high quality of healthcare services; (2) integration among primary care teams, interdisciplinary teams, and students; and (3) well-trained medical preceptors. Conclusions: our results have implications for PHC professionals, educational institutions, and managers. The improvement of the integration among educational institutions, health services managers, primary care workers, and the population is a condition to reach the effectiveness in the teaching-learning process, and to ensure the development of essential competencies for PHC assistance quality. Thus, the training of health professionals, improving the primary care clinic infrastructure, and creating strategies to ensure enough time for discussion and feedback could contribute to mitigate barriers to medical students’ teaching-learning process in PHC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279413.v1
title: Barriers and Facilitators of the Teaching-Learning Process of Medical Students in Primary Care in the City of São Paulo

description: Abstract: Introduction: Although Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential for medical students’ training, the perceptions of primary care workers about the teaching-learning process have been overlooked, particularly in municipalities where PHC management is performed by a private organization instead of the government, such as in the city of São Paulo. Objective: to analyze the perceptions of primary care workers about barriers and facilitators of medical students’ teaching-learning process in PHC in the city of São Paulo. Method: we conducted a qualitative research. We performed in-depth interviews with 12 primary care workers from the family health teams (four physicians, four nurses and four community health workers), who worked in primary care clinics in the east region of the city and received medical students, from 1st-year to internship students. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and afterwards, they were repeatedly read. We identified thematic units following the content analysis principles. Results: the barriers to medical students’ teaching-learning process in PHC were the following: (1) excessive number of scheduled patients and scarcity of time for discussion; (2) inadequate infrastructure of primary care clinics; (3) lack of training; and (4) ineffective integration among faculty, healthcare workers, managers and the assisted population. The facilitating factors of the teaching-learning process were: (1) high quality of healthcare services; (2) integration among primary care teams, interdisciplinary teams, and students; and (3) well-trained medical preceptors. Conclusions: our results have implications for PHC professionals, educational institutions, and managers. The improvement of the integration among educational institutions, health services managers, primary care workers, and the population is a condition to reach the effectiveness in the teaching-learning process, and to ensure the development of essential competencies for PHC assistance quality. Thus, the training of health professionals, improving the primary care clinic infrastructure, and creating strategies to ensure enough time for discussion and feedback could contribute to mitigate barriers to medical students’ teaching-learning process in PHC.