cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2r8r
title: Data from: Using dynamic N-mixture models to test cavity limitation on northern flying squirrel demographic parameters using experimental nest box supplementation.

description: 1. Dynamic N-mixture models have been recently developed to estimate
 demographic parameters of unmarked individuals while accounting for
 imperfect detection. 2. We propose an application of the Dail and Madsen
 (2011: Biometrics, 67, 577-587) dynamic N-mixture model in a manipulative
 experiment using a before-after control-impact design (BACI).
 Specifically, we tested the hypothesis of cavity limitation of a cavity
 specialist species, the northern flying squirrel, using nest box
 supplementation on half of 56 trapping sites. Our main purpose was to
 evaluate the impact of an increase in cavity availability on flying
 squirrel population dynamics in deciduous stands in northwestern Québec
 with the dynamic N-mixture model. We compared abundance estimates from
 this recent approach with those from classic capture-mark-recapture models
 and generalized linear models. We compared apparent survival estimates
 with those from Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) models. 3. Average recruitment
 rate was 6 individuals per site after 4 years. Nevertheless, we found no
 effect of cavity supplementation on apparent survival and recruitment
 rates of flying squirrels. Contrary to our expectations, initial abundance
 was not affected by conifer basal area (food availability) and was
 negatively affected by snag basal area (cavity availability). 4. Northern
 flying squirrel population dynamics are not influenced by cavity
 availability at our deciduous sites. Consequently, we suggest that this
 species should not be considered an indicator of old forest attributes in
 our study area, especially in view of apparent wide population
 fluctuations across years. 5. Abundance estimates from N-mixture models
 were similar to those from capture-mark-recapture models, although the
 latter had greater precision. Generalized linear mixed models produced
 lower abundance estimates, but revealed the same relationship between
 abundance and snag basal area. Apparent survival estimates from N-mixture
 models were higher and less precise than those from CJS models. However,
 N-mixture models can be particularly useful to evaluate management effects
 on animal populations, especially for species that are difficult to detect
 in situations where individuals cannot be uniquely identified. They also
 allow investigating the effects of covariates at the site level, when low
 recapture rates would require restricting classic CMR analyses to a subset
 of sites with the most captures.
description: Priol et al. 2014.
 Ecology and EvolutionR script and data for
 analysesPriol et al. 2014. EE. R-script
 and data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v561f
title: Data from: A new Cretaceous genus of xyelydid sawfly illuminating nygmata evolution in Hymenoptera

description: Background: Nygmata are prominent glandular structures on the wings of
 insects. They have been documented in some extant insects, including
 several families of Neuroptera and Mecoptera, the majority of Trichoptera,
 and a few of the hymenopteran Symphyta. However, because nygmata are
 rarely preserved in compression fossils, their early development and
 evolution are still enigmatic. For example, the only documented nygmata in
 the Hymenoptera are on the forewings of the Triassic xyelids Asioxyela
 paurura and Madygenius primitives. Results: This study describes and
 illustrates a new genus and species from the family Xyelydidae, Rectilyda
 sticta gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of
 Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, China. This genus has 1-RS reclival and
 linearly aligned with 1-M, which is different from all other genera in the
 Xyelydidae. In addition, R. sticta gen. et sp. nov. has clearly preserved
 nygmata: four symmetrical nygmata on each forewing and two on each hind
 wing. Conclusion: Previous reports of nygmata on the forewings of Triassic
 xyelids and extant sawflies, together with this new fossil record of
 nygmata, provide rare insights into their developmental trends, as well as
 into the evolution of hymenopterans and insects in general.
description: Fossil Record of
 Xyelydidae and Summary of nygmata positions for extant
 SymphytaTable 1 Fossil Record of
 Xyelydidae; Table 2 Summary of nygmata positions for extant
 Symphytadata.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gq224h3
title: Data from: Multiple factors, including arena size, influence the functional responses of ladybird beetles

description: 1. Functional response studies are often used to determine the suitability
 of predators as biocontrol agents. Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera:
 Coccinellidae) often are used for the control of crop pests such as
 aphids. However, most functional response studies on coccinellids compare
 a limited number of species at different life stages, temperatures, or
 sexes. A large-scale comparison of ladybird beetle functional responses is
 needed to evaluate the utility of these species as potential biocontrol
 predators and to understand the traits that influence the interaction
 strength between ladybird beetles and their prey. 2. We compiled 158
 ladybird beetle functional responses from 30 studies and tested for
 effects of taxa, traits, temperature, and arena size on functional
 response parameters using linear mixed-effects models. 3. Our results show
 that functional response parameters (handling time and space clearance
 rate) are affected by predator stage, predator mass, prey type,
 temperature, and arena size. Although complicated by interaction terms,
 space clearance rate generally increased with predator size, temperature,
 and predator stage, while handling time decreased with predator size,
 temperature, and predator stage. Coleopteran prey induced the highest
 handling times. 4. Our results also show that experimental arena size has
 a large, consistent effect on space clearance rate. Arena size is more
 important in determining foraging rates at low prey densities than any
 other factor considered here, including predator mass and temperature.
 Efforts to use laboratory-based functional response experiments to
 evaluate the efficacy of biocontrol predators are therefore confounded by
 the choice of arena size. 5. Synthesis and applications. In addition to
 confirming known body mass and temperature effects, our study reveals
 previously unclear age-related effects and the importance of prey types,
 which can be used to optimize biocontrol programs. The arena size effect
 is unexpected and problematic because failure to account for arena size
 precludes accurate comparison of biocontrol predator effectiveness. We
 suggest managers and biocontrol practitioners re-evaluate the efficacy of
 candidate biocontrol predators, perhaps by statistically controlling for
 arena size to minimize the influence of this widely unconsidered factor on
 functional response estimates.
description: Ladybeetle Functional
 ResponsesThis dataset contains
 information on published ladybeetle functional responses, including
 predator and prey species, temperature, arena size, and functional
 response parameters.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p3r01
title: Data from: Background selection in partially selfing populations

description: Self-fertilizing species often present lower levels of neutral
 polymorphism than their outcrossing relatives. Indeed, selfing
 automatically increases the rate of coalescence per generation, but also
 enhances the effects of background selection and genetic hitchhiking by
 reducing the efficiency of recombination. Approximations for the effect of
 background selection in partially selfing populations have been derived
 previously assuming tight linkage between deleterious alleles and neutral
 loci. However, loosely linked deleterious mutations may have important
 effects on neutral diversity in highly selfing populations. In this paper,
 I use a general method based on multilocus population genetics theory to
 express the effect of a deleterious allele on diversity at a linked
 neutral locus in terms of moments of genetic associations between loci.
 Expressions for these genetic moments at equilibrium are then computed for
 arbitrary rates of selfing and recombination. An extrapolation of the
 results to the case where deleterious alleles segregate at multiple loci
 is checked using individual-based simulations. At high selfing rates, the
 tight linkage approximation underestimates the effect of background
 selection in genomes with moderate to high map length; however, another
 simple approximation can be obtained for this situation, and provides
 accurate predictions as long as the deleterious mutation rate is not too
 high.
description: C++ simulation
 programCode to simulate
 partially selfing populations with deleterious mutations arising along a
 linear genetic map.program.tar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7b76q
title: Data from: The resurrection of the genus Bergia (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Parazoanthidae)

description: The genus Bergia was established by Duchassaing de Fonbressin and
 Michelotti in 1860, for two species, Bergia catelunaris and B. vialactea.
 Subsequently, in 1903 Duerden recognized these two species as conspecific,
 and used B. catelunaris in favour of B. vialactea, and transferred B.
 catelunaris to the genus Parazoanthus. However, over the last decade, it
 has been found that the genus Parazoanthus is actually polyphyletic and
 therefore it has gradually been divided and redefined. Based on
 phylogenetic analyses, Parazoanthus sensu stricto was recently limited to
 species which form associations with sponges, but it still comprised of
 three distinctive and monophyletic subclades. Of these clades, one
 Parazoanthus clade contains the type species for Parazoanthus, P.
 axinellae, while another clade was recently described as the genus
 Umimayanthus based on mitochondrial 16S-rDNA sequences. However, the other
 remaining Parazoanthus clade contains P. catenularis, the original type
 species of the genus Bergia. Based on a concatenated set of published data
 for five molecular markers (18S-rDNA, 28S-rDNA, ITS1/5.8S/ITS2-rDNA,
 16S-rDNA and COI-DNA), this study confirms the monophyly of Bergia in the
 context of Parazoanthidae. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support the
 resurrection of the genus Bergia as a valid taxonomic unit.
description: Bergia_Montenegroetal2015Zip file containing the full size, masked and concatenate alignments used for the phylogenetic reconstructions presented in Montenegro et al. (2015).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6545f86
title: Data from: The effects of food and parasitism on reproductive performance of a wild rodent

description: Food and parasitism can have complex effects on small mammal reproduction.
 In this study, we tested the effects of sex, food and parasitism on
 reproductive performance of the Taiwan field mouse (Apodemus semotus). In
 a field experiment, we increased food availability for a portion of the
 mice in the population by providing sorghum seeds to a set of food
 stations. We reduced parasite intensity of randomly-chosen mice through
 ivermectin treatment. We determined the number and quality of offspring
 for the mice using paternity analysis. We quantified seed consumption with
 stable carbon isotope values of mouse plasma and parasite intensity with
 faecal egg counts of intestinal nematodes and cestodes (FEC). In a
 laboratory experiment, we reduced parasite intensity of randomly-chosen
 mice through ivermectin treatment. We quantified their immune functions by
 total white blood cell, percent granulocyte count, and percent lymphocyte
 count through haematological analyses. We measured the FEC and energy
 intake of the mice. From the field experiment, the number of offspring in
 A. semotus increased with increasing seed consumption. Due to the
 trade-off between number and quality of offspring, the offspring quality
 decreased with increasing seed consumption for the females. The ivermectin
 treatment did not affect offspring number or quality. However, the FEC was
 positively correlated with number of offspring. In the laboratory
 experiment, the percent lymphocyte/granulocyte count changed with parasite
 intensity at low energy intake, which was relaxed at high energy intake.
 This study demonstrated positive effects of food availability and neutral
 effects of parasitism on A. semotus reproduction. However, the benefits of
 food availability for the females need to take into account the offspring
 number-quality trade-off, and at high infection intensity, parasitism
 might negatively affect offspring quality for the males. We suggest that
 food availability could mediate the relationships between parasite
 intensity and immune responses.
description: Field and laboratory
 data on Apodemus semotusThis Excel file contains
 two worksheets, 'field data' and 'lab data'. The
 'field data' worksheet has the data from the field experiment,
 including the body mass, parasite intensity (i.e. faecal egg count), seed
 consumption (i.e. stable carbon isotope value), sex, ivermectin treatment,
 offspring number and offspring quality (i.e. mean body mass of the
 offspring) of Apodemus semotus. The 'lab data' worksheet has the
 data from the laboratory experiment, including ivermectin treatment, sex,
 parasite intensity (i.e. faecal egg count), energy consumption and three
 immune metrics (i.e. white blood cell count, percent granulocyte count and
 percent lymphocyte count of Apodemus semotus.Apodemus_semotus_Shaner2018EcoEvo.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6644t
title: Data from: Pollen dispersal patterns and population persistence in a small isolated population of Fagus crenata

description: The potential of long-distance pollen dispersal and the effects of small
 population size and population isolation on persistence of Fagus crenata
 populations were investigated in a small, severely isolated population
 (the Gofuku-ji population) and two other populations located within 7 km
 of this population (including 87 adult trees in total). Parentage analysis
 using 13 microsatellite loci showed that 94 of 100 seedlings derived from
 seeds collected from the Gofuku-ji population had parent pairs within this
 population, six had one parent within the population, and four of the six
 seedlings had alleles that were not detected in any of the three
 populations, indicating that some pollen is dispersed over distances
 exceeding 7 km. The estimated expected heterozygosity and effective
 population size were lower in the Gofuku-ji population than in previously
 examined large continuous populations. Therefore, levels of genetic
 diversity within the population may have been reduced by strong genetic
 drift and limitations of pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow associated
 with the small size and severe isolation. The contemporary mating pattern
 estimated at the seedling stage was biased toward outbreeding, which may
 be explained by possible processes: the level of inbreeding in the adult
 trees is increased; then, inbreeding frequently occurs but is rarely
 successful, while outbreeding successfully produces offspring.
 Additionally, high levels of significant linkage disequilibrium and higher
 numbers of alleles than expected under mutation–drift equilibrium from
 analyses of the populations’ evolutionary history suggest that the
 Gofuku-ji population may have experienced admixture before its severe
 isolation. Therefore, the persistence of the Gofuku-ji population is being
 adversely affected by the decrease in population size and severe
 isolation. Further studies of gene flow via pollen in other populations
 with various degrees of isolation could enhance our understanding of the
 effects of population isolation and long-distance pollen dispersal in F.
 crenata and similar species.
description: Genotype_TreeLocation_Gofuku-jiGenotypes of Fagus crenata individuals determined by microsatellite markers with tree locations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m2d33
title: Data from: Fitness costs of rapid cold-hardening in Ceratitis capitata

description: Rapid cold-hardening (RCH) is a unique form of phenotypic plasticity which
 confers survival advantages at low temperature. The fitness costs of RCH
 are generally poorly elucidated and are important to understanding the
 evolution of plastic physiology. This study examined whether RCH
 responses, induced by ecologically relevant diel temperature fluctuations,
 carry metabolic, survival or fecundity costs. We predicted that potential
 costs in RCH would be manifested as differences in metabolic rate,
 fecundity or survival in flies which have hardened versus those which have
 not, or flies which have experienced more RCH events would show greater
 costs than those which have experienced fewer events. One group of flies
 cooled to 10°C for 2h for 11 consecutive days experienced daily RCH
 (Hardened), whilst the other group exposed to 15°C for the same 2h period
 each day formed a Control group. Hardened flies had higher survival at
 -5°C for 2h than control flies (69±9% vs. 44±19%, P=0.04). Hardened flies
 showed no metabolic or fecundity costs, but had reduced average survival
 (P=0.0403). Thus, a major cost to repeated low temperature exposures in C.
 capitata is through direct mortality caused by chilling injury, although
 this appears not to be a direct cost of RCH.
description: Basson et al
 dataSurvival, fecundity and
 metabolic rate data for two treatment groups (hardened and
 control).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q0k1m
title: Data from: Inferring subjective states through the observation of actions

description: Estimating another person’s subjective confidence is crucial for social
 interaction, but how this inference is achieved is unknown. Previous
 research has demonstrated that the speed at which people make decisions is
 correlated with their confidence in their decision. Here we show that 1)
 subjects’ are able to infer the subjective confidence of another person
 simply through the observation of their actions and 2) this inference is
 dependent upon the performance of each subject when executing the action.
 Crucially, the latter result supports a model in which motor simulation of
 an observed action mediates the successful understanding of other minds.
 We conclude that kinematic understanding allows access to the higher-order
 cognitive processes of others, and that this access plays a central role
 in social interactions.
description: dataforRSPB_PatelFlemingKilnerData for the mean observation and executed movement times and confidence ratings for all subjects and actors.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k2661
title: Data from: The function of multiple ejaculations in bitterling

description: In some taxa, males perform multiple ejaculations, which may function in
 sperm competition or in maintaining a baseline density of spermatozoa in
 the female reproductive tract to ensure fertilization, a process that has
 been termed ‘topping up’. We investigated the function of multiple
 ejaculations in two species of bitterling, the European bitterling
 (Rhodeus amarus) and Chinese rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus).
 Bitterling oviposit in living freshwater mussels, with fertilization
 taking place within the mussel gill cavity. Thus, although fertilization
 is external, the mussel is analogous to the female reproductive tract in
 an internally fertilizing species. We measured the frequency of
 ejaculations and mussel inspections by individual males of two bitterling
 species in 28 replicated mesocosms and examined focal male responses to
 rival ejaculations and the presence of females in spawning condition. We
 used a model of ejaculatory behaviour to simulate the temporal abundance
 of spermatozoa in mussels. Male R. amarus exhibited high rates of
 ejaculation and inspection of the siphons of mussels and increased their
 ejaculation rate in response to the presence of females in spawning
 condition. Rhodeus ocellatus showed lower overall rates of ejaculation,
 but significantly elevated ejaculation rate in response to rival
 ejaculations. The ejaculatory strategy of R. amarus is one that maintains
 a minimum level of spermatozoa in mussels, which is elevated when the
 probability of oviposition increases. In contrast, R. ocellatus engages
 more directly in sperm competition with rivals. We discuss these results
 in the context of the function of multiple ejaculations and male mating
 tactics.
description: data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qp6c3
title: Data from: Sex determination meltdown upon biological control introduction of the parasitoid Cotesia rubecula?

description: Natural enemies may go through genetic bottlenecks during the process of
 biological control introductions. Such bottlenecks are expected to be
 particularly detrimental in parasitoid Hymenoptera that exhibit
 complementary sex determination (CSD). CSD is associated with a severe
 form of inbreeding depression because homozygosity at one or multiple sex
 loci leads to the production of diploid males that are typically unviable
 or sterile. We observed that diploid males occur at a relatively high rate
 (8-13% of diploid adults) in a field population of Cotesia rubecula in
 Minnesota, USA, where this parasitoid was introduced for biological
 control of the cabbage white Pieris rapae. However, our laboratory crosses
 suggest two locus CSD in a native Dutch population of C. rubecula, and
 moderately high diploid males survival (~70%); a scenario expected to
 produce low proportions of diploid males. We also show that courtship
 behavior of diploid males is similar to that of haploid males, but females
 mated to diploid males produce very few daughters that are triploid. We
 use our laboratory data to estimate sex allele diversity in the field
 population of C. rubecula and discuss the possibility of a sex
 determination meltdown from two locus CSD to effective single locus CSD
 during or after introduction.
description: Crubecula_rawdata_2012All raw data per replicate of four types of laboratory crosses.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14635220
title: World Weather Repository ( Daily Updating )
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7t8550v
title: Data from: Stoichiometric traits of stickleback: effects of genetic background, rearing environment, and ontogeny

description: Phenotypes can both evolve in response to, and affect, ecosystem change,
 but few examples of diverging ecosystem-effect traits have been
 investigated. Bony armor traits of fish are good candidates for this
 because they evolve rapidly in some freshwa- ter fish populations, and
 bone is phosphorus rich and likely to affect nutrient recycling in aquatic
 ecosystems. Here, we explore how ontogeny, rearing environment, and bone
 allocation among body parts affect the stoichiometric phenotype (i.e.,
 stoichio- metric composition of bodies and excretion) of threespine
 stickleback. We use two populations from distinct freshwater lineages with
 contrasting lateral plating pheno- types (full vs. low plating) and their
 hybrids, which are mostly fully plated. We found that ontogeny, rearing
 environment, and body condition were the most important pre- dictors of
 organismal stoichiometry. Although elemental composition was similar be-
 tween both populations and their hybrids, we found significant divergence
 in phosphorus allocation among body parts and in phosphorus excretion
 rates. Overall, body armor differences did not explain variation in whole
 body phosphorus, phospho- rus allocation, or phosphorus excretion.
 Evolutionary divergence between these line- ages in both allocation and
 excretion is likely to have important direct consequences for ecosystems,
 but may be mediated by evolution of multiple morphological or physi-
 ological traits beyond plating phenotype.
description: Stoichiometric phenotype
 of sticklebackData from stickleback
 (adults or juveniles) raised in two environments (lab and mesocosms) from
 different populations (Constance, Geneva, Constance x Geneva hybrid).
 Standard Length, Wet weight, Fulton K, %N, %P and N:P are shown as well as
 lateral plate number for adults.Leal_EcoEvo_stoichiometry.xlsx