cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5n36kb5
title: Data from: Co-declining mammal-dung beetle faunas throughout the Atlantic Forest biome of South America

description: The millennial-scale evolutionary relationships between mammals and dung
 beetles have been eroded due to several drivers of contemporary
 biodiversity loss. Although some evidence of co-decline has been shown for
 mammals and dung beetles at some Neotropical sites, a biome-scale analysis
 for the entire Atlantic Forest of South America would strengthen our
 understanding of how relictual sets of mammal species can affect dung
 beetle co-occurrences and co-declines. We therefore collated hundreds of
 assemblages of both dung beetles and medium- to large-bodied mammals
 throughout the world’s longest tropical forest latitudinal gradient to
 examine to what extent mammal assemblages may exert a positive influence
 on dung beetle species composition and functional assembly, and whether
 this relationship is scale dependent. We also collated several climatic
 and other environmental variables to examine the degree to which they
 shape mammal-dung beetle relationships. The relationships between local
 mammal and dung beetle faunas were examined using regression models,
 variation partitioning, dissimilarity indices, and ecological networks. We
 found a clear positive relationship between mammal and dung beetle species
 richness across this forest biome, indicating an ongoing process of
 mammal-dung beetle niche-mediated co-decline. We found a strong
 relationship between the species composition of both taxa, in which dung
 beetle species dissimilarity apparently track changes in mammalian
 dissimilarity, typically in 80% of all cases. Co-variables such as
 phytomass and climatic variables also influenced mammal-dung beetle
 patterns of co-decline along the Atlantic Forest. We conclude that dung
 beetle diversity and community assembly are shaped by the remaining
 co-occurring mammal assemblages and their functional traits, and both
 groups were governed by environmental features. We emphasize that
 ecosystem-wide effects of mammal population declines remain poorly
 understood both quantitatively and qualitatively, and curbing large
 vertebrate defaunation will ensure the persistence of co-dependent
 species.
description: Mammals-dung beetle
 co-decline dataThis file contains the
 data summary, data of dung beetles assemblages and mammalian assemblages
 embodied into different radial cluster size across the Atlantic Forest of
 South America.Bogoni et al.
 (data).xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p226m8r
title: Data from: Variation in chronotype is associated with migratory timing in a songbird

description: Like many organisms, birds exhibit daily (circadian) and seasonal
 biological rhythms, and within populations both daily and seasonal timing
 often vary among individuals. Because photoperiod interacts with the
 circadian rhythms of many organisms to induce seasonal changes in behavior
 and physiology, it is hypothesized that differences in daily timing,
 called chronotypes, underpin differences among individuals in the timing
 of seasonal events. For seasonal events stimulated by increasing
 daylength, this hypothesis predicts a positive relationship between the
 timing of daily and seasonal activities of individuals, with advanced
 chronotypes expressing events earlier in the year. The few previous tests
 of this hypothesis have focused on seasonal reproductive timing in birds.
 However, the hypothesis predicts that this relationship should extend to
 other photoinduced seasonal events. Therefore, we tested whether variation
 in chronotype was associated with variation in spring migratory timing in
 a captive songbird model, the pine siskin (Spinus pinus). We found that
 pine siskins expressing migratory restlessness exhibited repeatable
 chronotypes in their timing of nocturnal activity. Further, chronotype was
 significantly associated with the onset date of migratory behavior,
 consistent with the hypothesized relationship between chronotype and
 seasonal timing.
description: Data for Rittenhouse et
 al.Data from Rittenhouse et
 al. "Variation in chronotype is associated with migratory timing in a
 songbird." Columns represent: bird ID, onset time of nocturnal
 activity, date of observation, day of observation relative to winter
 solstice, day of observation centered and scaled, onset date of migratory
 restlessness, onset day of migratory restlessness expressed as days since
 winter solstice, onset day of migratory restlessness centered and scaled,
 experimental group, sex.Rittenhouse_et_al_DatasetForBiolLett.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5rq1h6n
title: Data from: Effects of topography on tropical forest structure depend on climate context

description: 1. Topography affects abiotic conditions which can influence the
 structure, function, and dynamics of ecological communities. An increasing
 number of studies have demonstrated biological consequences of fine-scale
 topographic heterogeneity but we have a limited understanding of how these
 effects depend on the climate context. 2. We merged high-resolution (1 m2)
 data on topography and canopy height derived from airborne lidar with
 ground-based data from 15 forest plots in Puerto Rico distributed along a
 precipitation gradient spanning ca. 800 to 3,500 mm yr-1. Ground-based
 data included species composition, estimated above-ground biomass (AGB),
 and two key functional traits (wood density and leaf mass per area, LMA)
 that reflect resource-use strategies and a trade-off between hydraulic
 safety and hydraulic efficiency. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to
 evaluate how the interaction between topography × climate is related to
 metrics of forest structure (i.e., canopy height and AGB), as well as
 taxonomic and functional alpha- and beta-diversity. 3. Fine-scale
 topography (characterized with the topographic wetness index, TWI)
 significantly affected forest structure and the strength (and in some
 cases direction) of these effects varied across the precipitation
 gradient. In all plots, canopy height increased with topographic wetness
 but the effect was much stronger in dry compared to wet forest plots. In
 dry forest plots, topographically wetter microsites also had higher levels
 of AGB but in wet forest plots, topographically drier microsites had
 higher AGB. 4. Fine-scale topography influenced functional composition but
 had only weak or non-significant effects on taxonomic and functional
 alpha- and beta-diversity. For instance, community-weighted wood density
 followed a similar pattern to AGB across plots. We also found a marginally
 significant association between variation of wood density and topographic
 heterogeneity that depended on climate context. Synthesis: The effects of
 fine-scale topographic heterogeneity on tropical forest structure and
 composition depend on the climate context. Our study demonstrates how a
 stronger integration of topographic heterogeneity across precipitation
 gradients could improve estimates of forest structure and biomass, and may
 provide insight to the ways that topography might mediate species
 responses to drought and climate change.
description: alpha_analyses_dataData used for analyses of individual quadrats (alpha scale). Details on each column can be found in the readme file.beta_analyses_dataData used for pairwise analyses of quadrats (beta scale). Details on each column can be found in the readme file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n0m33vv
title: Data from: Additive and interactive effects of pollination and biological pest control on crop yield

description: 1. Insect pollination and biological pest control simultaneously influence
 crop yield, but are often investigated individually. This can lead to
 under- or over-estimation of the importance of individual services when
 they interact to affect yield. Recent, limited evidence from field studies
 showed contrasting results with both additive and non-additive positive
 and negative effects. 2. To disentangle the mechanisms underlying these
 responses, we conducted a greenhouse experiment and a field study. We
 tested the potential and realised contribution of insect pollination to
 cotton boll retention and yield under various pest pressures and
 biocontrol levels. 3. We found both additive and interactive effects of
 insect pollination and biocontrol within a single crop system depending on
 the level of pest pressure. In the greenhouse experiment, pollination did
 not contribute to cotton boll retention and final yield at low pest
 pressure. At high pest abundances boll retention and final yield were
 higher when pollinators were present. In the field study, pollination was
 sufficient to alter the negative effect of pests on boll retention. Thus,
 interactive effect between the two ecosystem services on boll retention
 was present at high pest pressure in the greenhouse and at natural levels
 of pest pressure in the field, but not at lower pest abundances in
 controlled conditions. 4. Although cotton plants partly compensated for
 bolls shedding by increasing their weight in the greenhouse experiment,
 this effect was not detected in the field study, likely due to higher
 environmental variation. Similarly, interactive effect of pollination and
 biocontrol on the final yield was present only in the greenhouse study. 5.
 Synthesis and applications: We conclude that the contrasting findings of
 additive versus non-additive effects between ecosystem services may be due
 to the levels of services and disservices tested and environmental
 variation. Further, this study shows that even when an ecosystem service
 does not appear to limit crop yield it can make a substantial contribution
 to yield depending on another service. For achieving food and fibre
 security, it is essential that future studies test interactive effects
 between these ecosystem services in different systems and environmental
 conditions.22-Jul-2019
description: Greenhouse
 experimentData includes
 pollination and mirid pest treatments and cotton boll retention in the
 greenhouse experiment.Greenhouse boll
 weightData includes cotton
 boll weight from the greenhouse experimentField
 experimentData includes cotton
 boll retention, arthropod abundances and treatments information from the
 field experimentField boll
 weighData includes cotton
 boll weight from the field experimentFlower
 visitationFlower visitation data
 from the field experiment
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2n3f998
title: Data from: Male spacing and female choice in a fiddler crab

description: The aggregation of courting males is widespread among animal taxa, yet we
 do not understand why males congregate and therefore intensify local
 competition for female attention. The most commonly invoked theoretical
 explanation is that females preferentially approach clustered males due to
 the many benefits they would gain, and clustered males would therefore
 have higher mating success. However, although theoretical explanations of
 aggregation formation are well-advanced, empirical studies are scarce,
 especially in invertebrates. In fact, there is little evidence that
 females do prefer to approach clustered over spaced displayers. Here we
 address this question by using robotic crabs to test female preferences in
 fiddler crabs (a visually displaying species) and show that female do not
 preferentially approach clustered males. We suggest that if this pattern
 is more widespread, the most commonly invoked explanation of courting
 aggregations is of limited use. We offer explanations for the strong
 clustering behaviour we observe in this species and discuss the
 implications of this finding for the theoretical underpinnings of this
 research field.
description: Perez_Backwell_Spacing_DataFiddler crab female choices for spaced vs clumped robotic crab units
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8tn1qg5
title: Data from: Synthesis of activated carbon from biowaste of fir bark for methylene blue removal

description: Activated carbon (AC) was successfully prepared from low-cost forestry fir
 bark (FB) waste using KOH activation method. Morphology and texture
 properties of ACFB was studied by scanning and high-resolution
 transmission electron microscopies (SEM and HRTEM), respectively. The
 resulting of fir bark based activated carbon (ACFB) demonstrated high
 surface area (1552 m2/g) and pore volume (0.84 cm3/g), both of which
 reflect excellent potential adsorption properties of ACFB towards
 methylene blue (MB). The effect of various factors, such as pH, initial
 concentration, adsorbent content as well as adsorption duration were
 studied individually. Adsorption isotherms of MB were fitted using all
 three non-linear models (Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin). The best
 fitting of MB adsorption results was obtained using Freundlich and Temkin.
 Experimental results showed that kinetics of MB adsorption by our ACFB
 adsorbent followed pseudo-second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity
 obtained was 330 mg/g, which indicated that fir bark is an excellent raw
 material for low-cost production of activated carbon suitable for cationic
 dye removal.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bd74r0t
title: Data from: Preparation of pod-shaped TiO2 and Ag@TiO2 nano burst tubes and their photocatalytic activity

description: The pod-shaped TiO2 nano burst tubes (TiO2 NBTs) were prepared by the
 combination of electrospinning and impregnation calcination with oxalic
 acid(H2C2O4), polystyrene (PS) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT). The silver
 nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded onto the surface of TiO2 NBTs by
 ultraviolet light reduction method to prepare pod-shaped Ag@TiO2 NBTs. In
 this work, we analyzed the effect of the amount of oxalic acid on the
 cracking degree of TiO2 NBTs; the effect of the concentration of AgNO3
 solution on the particle size and loading of AgNPs on the surface of TiO2
 NBTs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron
 microscopy (TEM) investigated the surface morphology of samples. X-ray
 diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterized
 structure and composition of samples. Rhodamine B (RhB) solution was used
 to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of pod-shaped TiO2 NBTs and
 Ag@TiO2 NBTs. The results showed that TiO2 NBTs degraded 91.0% of RhB
 under ultraviolet light, Ag@TiO2 NBTs degraded 95.5% under visible light
 for 75 and 60 minutes, respectively. The degradation process of both
 samples was consistent with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood first-order kinetic
 equation. Therefore, the catalytic performance of the sample is: Ag@TiO2
 NBTs&gt;TiO2 NBTs&gt;TiO2 nanotubes.
description: Raw data of Preparation
 of pod-shaped TiO2 and Ag@TiO2 nano burst tubes and their photocatalytic
 activityThe raw data of the
 manuscript (Fig.1-Fig.9). The raw data of the ESM (
 Fig.S1-Fig.S2).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cr80m54
title: Data from: Drought affects the coordination of belowground and aboveground resource-related traits in Solidago canadensis in China

description: Quantifying patterns of variation and coordination of plant functional
 traits can help to understand the mechanisms underlying both invasiveness
 and adaptation of plants. Little is known about the coordinated variations
 of performance and functional traits of different organs in invasive
 plants, especially in response to their adaptation to environmental
 stressors. To identify the responses of the invasive species Solidago
 canadensis to drought, 180 individuals were randomly collected from 15
 populations and 212 ramets were replanted in a greenhouse to investigate
 both the response and coordination between root and leaf functional
 traits. Drought significantly decreased plant growth and most of the root
 and leaf functional traits, i.e. root length, surface area, volume and
 leaf size, number, and mass fraction, except for the root length ratio and
 root mass fraction. Phenotypic plasticity was higher in root traits than
 in leaf traits in response to drought, and populations did not differ
 significantly. The plasticity of most root functional traits, i.e., root
 length (RL), root surface area (RSA), root volume (RV), and root mass
 fraction (RMF), were significantly positively correlated with biomass
 between control and drought. However, the opposite was found for leaf
 functional traits, i.e. specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR),
 and leaf mass fraction (LMF). Drought enhanced the relationship between
 root and leaf, i.e., 26 pairwise root-leaf traits were significantly
 correlated under drought, while only 15 pairwise root-leaf traits were
 significantly correlated under control conditions. Significant
 correlations were found between biomass and all measured functional traits
 except for leaf size. RV, root length ratio, RMF, total area of leaves,
 and LMF responded differently to water availability. These responses
 enable S. canadensis to cope with drought conditions and may help to
 explain the reason of the vast ecological amplitude of this species.
description: Raw data about Solidago
 canadensisThis file included the
 information of sampling locations and funcitonal traits, i.e., root, leaf
 and biomass traits.Raw
 Data(ECE-2019-04-00449).xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.751d161
title: Data from: Phylogenomics disentangles the evolutionary history of spruces (Picea) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: implications for the design of population genetic studies and species delimitation of conifers

description: A laborious and difficult task in current tree of life reconstruction is
 to resolve evolutionary relationships of closely related congeneric
 species that originated from recent radiations. This is particularly
 difficult for forest species with long generation times and large
 effective population sizes such as conifers. As the species diversity
 center of Picea, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and its adjacent areas
 harbor 11 species (including 5 varieties) of this genus, but evolutionary
 relationships of these species are far from being resolved due to recent
 radiation, morphological convergence, and frequent interspecific gene
 flow. In this study, we use these spruce species to test whether
 phylotranscriptomic analysis, combined with population genetic analysis,
 can disentangle their evolutionary relationships, and to explore whether
 reticulate evolution has occurred among them. Phylogenomic analyses
 indicate that all spruce species in the QTP and neighboring areas, except
 P. asperata and P. crassifolia, cluster together, and in particular,
 nearly all taxa (including varieties) form their own monophyletic groups,
 although the two species P. likiangensis and P. brachytyla are not
 monophyletic. We found that, compared to herbaceous plants, many more
 genes (a minimum of 600 OGs for Picea) are required to resolve
 interspecific relationships of conifers. Our study does not support a
 hybrid origin of P. purpurea reported in previous studies, but suggests a
 hybrid origin for P. brachytyla var. brachytyla and P. likiangensis var.
 rubescens. Moreover, we emphasize that population genetic and
 phylogeographical studies should sample a monophyletic group if more than
 one species are involved.
description: Phylogenetic
 treesAll phylogenetic
 treesAll_phylogenetic_tree.rarCDS supermatrixCDS_supermatrix.rarall OGsCDS_819OGs_DatasetIII.rarA chronogram indicates divergence times estimated by MCMCTreeFigTree.treHybrid_test_vcfHybrid test vcf
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28439927
title: Research_data_growth_experiment.xlsx

description: Common cuckoo (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>) females rely on host species to raise their young and therefore should benefit from targeting high-quality individuals that maximise their fitness. Empirical evidence for individual host selection is, however, mixed with some studies suggesting random choice. Nevertheless, it is possible that the lack of consistent evidence for host selection may be because spatio-temporal variation in host availability has rarely been accounted for, or because the implications of host choice on fitness outcomes have not been tested experimentally. Here we combined long-term monitoring data with an experiment to examine whether cuckoo females parasitising Common redstarts (<i>Phoenicurus phoenicurus</i>) target individual hosts of higher quality to optimise their nestlings´ growth. We first explored the scope for cuckoos to choose, finding spatial and temporal variation in host nest availability and host quality (using completed clutch size as a proxy). Cuckoos may choose hosts at different spatial scales, so we next investigated whether parasitism varied with host quality (i) across the study area and (ii) among nests within putative breeding areas; however, we found no evidence that redstarts laying larger clutches were more likely to be parasitised. Finally, we conducted a cross-fostering experiment to disrupt the cuckoo’s choice of nest. Moving cuckoo eggs to non-parasitised nests and between parasitised nests had no effect on morphometric growth of nestlings (mass, tarsus and wing length) but those raised by foster parents differing in quality (i.e. smaller/larger clutch size) from the original nest tended to grow faster but smaller in asymptotic mass and tarsus length. Together these results suggest that the potential fitness benefits of choosing high quality hosts do not compensate possible costs of searching for hosts in this system, although using different proxies for individual quality could help resolve the complexities inherent to understanding host choice.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28439927.v1
title: Research_data_growth_experiment.xlsx

description: Common cuckoo (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>) females rely on host species to raise their young and therefore should benefit from targeting high-quality individuals that maximise their fitness. Empirical evidence for individual host selection is, however, mixed with some studies suggesting random choice. Nevertheless, it is possible that the lack of consistent evidence for host selection may be because spatio-temporal variation in host availability has rarely been accounted for, or because the implications of host choice on fitness outcomes have not been tested experimentally. Here we combined long-term monitoring data with an experiment to examine whether cuckoo females parasitising Common redstarts (<i>Phoenicurus phoenicurus</i>) target individual hosts of higher quality to optimise their nestlings´ growth. We first explored the scope for cuckoos to choose, finding spatial and temporal variation in host nest availability and host quality (using completed clutch size as a proxy). Cuckoos may choose hosts at different spatial scales, so we next investigated whether parasitism varied with host quality (i) across the study area and (ii) among nests within putative breeding areas; however, we found no evidence that redstarts laying larger clutches were more likely to be parasitised. Finally, we conducted a cross-fostering experiment to disrupt the cuckoo’s choice of nest. Moving cuckoo eggs to non-parasitised nests and between parasitised nests had no effect on morphometric growth of nestlings (mass, tarsus and wing length) but those raised by foster parents differing in quality (i.e. smaller/larger clutch size) from the original nest tended to grow faster but smaller in asymptotic mass and tarsus length. Together these results suggest that the potential fitness benefits of choosing high quality hosts do not compensate possible costs of searching for hosts in this system, although using different proxies for individual quality could help resolve the complexities inherent to understanding host choice.