DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16412556
title: Wakes from offshore wind farms reduce surface energy fluxes within a model of the Baltic Sea

description: Output from Nucleus for European Modelling of the Oceans (NEMO) simulations of the Baltic Sea, with and without imposition onto forcing of wakes from offshore wind farms, linked to the submission "Wakes from offshore wind farms reduce surface energy fluxes within a model of the Baltic Sea" to Environmental Research Letters.

Included are:



windfarms_baltic.csv, containing the locations and power outputs of planned offshore wind farms in the Baltic, taken from the EMODnet database and used to alter the wind forcing for the model

NREL_reference_15MW.csv, containing a description of properties belonging to the each of the reference wind turbines, which we assume populate each wind farm described in windfarms_baltic.csv



The distribution of wind farms and the placement of turbines is shown in Figure 1 of the submitted manuscript



dist_to_turb.nc, a file based on the NEMO model grid, which shows the distance of each grid centre from the closest wind turbine, once the distribution of turbines has been constructed based on windfarms_baltic.csv and NREL_reference_15MW.csv

WindStress_monthly_original.nc, the wind stress calculated by NEMO based on CERRA forcing, without wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble

WindStress_monthly_reduced.nc, the wind stress calculated by NEMO based on CERRA forcing, with wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble



The anomaly between WindStress_monthly_reduced.nc and WindStress_monthly_original.nc is shown in Supplementary Figure 1 of the submitted manuscript



Wind_work_monthly_original.nc, the wind work calculated by NEMO based on CERRA forcing and surface currents, without wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble

Wind_work_monthly_reduced.nc, the wind work calculated by NEMO based on CERRA forcing and surface currents, with wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble



The anomaly between Wind_work_monthly_reduced.nc and Wind_work_monthly_original.nc is shown in Figures 2 and 5 of the submitted manuscript



B_0_original.nc, the buoyancy forcing calculated by NEMO based on CERRA forcing and sea surface properties, without wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble

B_0_reduced.nc, the buoyancy forcing calculated by NEMO based on CERRA forcing and sea surface properties, with wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble



The anomaly between B_0_reduced.nc and B_0_original.nc is shown in Figures 3 and 5 of the submitted manuscript



MLD_monthly.nc, the mixed layer depth calculated by NEMO, with wind-wakes (MLD_r) and without (MLD_o) wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble



The anomaly between MLD_r and MLD_o is shown in Figure 4 of the submitted manuscript, as well as Supplementary Figure 2.



MLD_daysLessThan15_monthly.nc, the number of days where the mixed layer is shallower than 15m, calculated by NEMO, with wind-wakes (MLD_counter_r) and without (MLD_counter_o) wind-wakes, averaged over each month in the 10-year ensemble



The anomaly between MLD_counter_r and MLD_counter_o is shown in Figure 4 of the submitted manuscript