cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/ygkt-6y18
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Iniguez fire data from Rincon Peak RP12 - IMPD USRPK_12

description: Spatial and temporal patterns of fire history are affected by factors such as topography, vegetation, and climate. It is unclear, however, how these factors influenced fire history patterns in small isolated forests, such as that found on Rincon Peak, a “sky island” mountain range in southern Arizona, USA. We reconstructed the fire history of Rincon Peak to evaluate the influences of broad-scale (i.e., climate) versus local-scale (i.e., topographic) factors on fire occurrence and extent. We evaluated both fire scars and tree demography (natality and mortality) to investigate surface fire and crown fire events. The fire history of a 310 ha study area surrounding the top of Rincon Peak was reconstructed by tree-ring sampling in 21 plots. Between 1648 and 1763, spreading fires on Rincon Peak were controlled primarily by regional climate. Widespread surface fires occurred during drought years, and were generally synchronized with regional fire events known from an extensive network of other fire history studies. After 1763, fire extent was apparently limited by local factors (i.e., fuels) as frequent fires continued to burn, but were limited to the southern part of the study area until a widespread fire occurred in 1819. Landscape fires (i.e., fires that scarred ≥2 plots) were absent from the entire study area between 1819 and 1867 despite continued burning in adjacent mountain ranges. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the 1867 fire was both a surface and a stand-replacing event that killed most trees within a 60 ha patch. Our findings suggest that past climatic variations had important effects on fire regimes and age structures of small, fragmented ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) landscapes like Rincon Peak. Given anticipated climate changes, the rich biodiversity harbored in these steep, isolated landscapes will be critical habitat in the migration of species and should therefore be considered high conservation priority.
description: 
This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.

Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
Dating Method: Dated
Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable

Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usrpk_12.fhx
along with associated metadata at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usrpk_12-noaa.txt
DOI: 10.25921/ychn-zy41
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Blake Bahama Outer Ridge and Humber Estuary, UK Oxidizing Pre-Treatments on Amino Acids Data over the last 900ka

description: Amino acid racemization (AAR) is a geochronological method that uses the ratio of D- to L- configurations in optically active amino acids from carbonate fossils to determine the time elapsed since the death of an organism. Although AAR techniques have been widely applied to foraminiferal tests, there have been limited dedicated assessments of the potential of isolating a bleach-resistant, intra-crystalline fraction of proteins to improve the reliability of AAR in this biomineral system. In this study, we evaluate the effect of two oxidative pre-treatments (hydrogen peroxide and bleach) on amino acid concentrations and D/L values in sub-modern benthic foraminifers (Ammonia spp. and Haynesina germanica) and well-preserved mid Holocene and mid Pleistocene planktic foraminifers (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, and Globorotalia tumida). The oxidative pre-treatments successfully reduced the amino acid content of the foraminiferal tests to a residual fraction, and with the exception of Ammonia spp., neither pre-treatment substantially affected the relative proportion of individual amino acids. The bleaching pre-treatment does not consistently alter D/L values when compared to peroxide pre-treatment, but it does tend to reduce the subsample variability in D/L values, albeit only to a small degree in an inconsistent fashion. Therefore, we recommend that a relatively weak oxidative pre-treatment with 3% hydrogen peroxide is sufficient for foraminifera-based AAR applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30366460
title: Mesoamerican Reef Coastal Marine Conservation Initiatives Timeline

description: We created a non-comprehensive timeline of key coastal marine conservation initiatives (events, projects, and public policy changes) in the MAR (Figure 2). Each initiative was classified by its geographic area of focus and the major aspects of marine conservation it addressed. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30366460.v1
title: Mesoamerican Reef Coastal Marine Conservation Initiatives Timeline

description: We created a non-comprehensive timeline of key coastal marine conservation initiatives (events, projects, and public policy changes) in the MAR (Figure 2). Each initiative was classified by its geographic area of focus and the major aspects of marine conservation it addressed. <br>
DOI: 10.25921/ygpf-4x23
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Delta Lake, Grand Teton National Park Lake Sediment Flux Data during the Holocene

description: Geological evidence indicates that glaciers in the western United States fluctuated in response to Holocene changes in temperature and precipitation. However, because moraine chronologies are characteristically discontinuous, Holocene glacier fluctuations and their climatic drivers remain ambiguous, and future glacier changes are uncertain. Here, we construct a continuous 10-thousand-year (ka) record of glacier activity in the Teton Range, Wyoming, using glacial and environmental indicators in alpine lake sediments. We show that Teton glaciers persisted in some form through early Holocene warmth, likely as small debris-covered glaciers or rock glaciers. Subsequent Neoglacial ice expansion began ~6.3 ka, with two prominent glacier maxima at ~2.8 and 0.1 ka that were separated by a multicentennial phase of ice retreat. Comparison with regional paleoclimate records suggests that glacier activity was dominantly controlled by winter precipitation variability superposed on long- term Holocene temperature trends, offering key insights into western U.S. glacier resilience and vulnerability to future warming.
description: Lake sediment analyses. See Supplemental Material published with manuscript for all chronological information.
DOI: 10.25921/y2ek-1152
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Stóra Viðarvatn, Iceland Biomarker Data over the past 10,900 years

description: Paleoclimate reconstructions across Iceland provide a template for past changes in climate across the northern North Atlantic, a crucial region due to its position relative to the global northward heat transport system and its vulnerability to climate change. The roles of orbitally driven summer cooling, volcanism, and human impact as triggers of local environmental changes in the Holocene of Iceland remain debated. While there are indications that human impact may have reduced environmental resilience during late Holocene summer cooling, it is still difficult to resolve to what extent human and natural factors affected Iceland's late Holocene landscape instability. Here, we present a continuous Holocene fire record of northeastern Iceland from proxies archived in Stóra Viðarvatn sediment. We use pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyroPAHs) to trace shifts in fire regimes, paired with continuous biomarker and bulk geochemical records of soil erosion, lake productivity, and human presence. The molecular composition of pyroPAHs and a wind pattern reconstruction indicate a naturally driven fire signal that is mostly regional. Generally low fire frequency during most of the Holocene significantly increased at 3 ka and again after 1.5 ka BP before known human settlement in Iceland. We propose that shifts in vegetation type caused by cooling summers over the past 3 kyr, in addition to changes in atmospheric circulation, such as shifts in North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime, led to increased aridity and biomass flammability. Our results show no evidence of faecal biomarkers associated with human activity during or after human colonisation in the 9th century CE. Instead, faecal biomarkers follow the pattern described by erosional proxies, pointing toward a negligible human presence and/or a diluted signal in the lake's catchment. However, low post-colonisation levels of pyroPAHs, in contrast to an increasing flux of erosional bulk proxies, suggest that farming and animal husbandry may have suppressed fire frequency by reducing the spread and flammability of fire-prone vegetation (e.g. heathlands).

Overall, our results describe a fire frequency heavily influenced by long-term changes in climate through the Holocene. They also suggest that human colonisation had contrasting effects on the local environment by lowering its resilience to soil erosion while increasing its resilience to fire.
description: Biomarkers from a lacustrine core bearing info on local productivity, erosion, fire regimes, human presence. Provided Keywords: Total carbon, d13C, carbon/nitrogen, biogenic silica,  policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, faecal sterols, n-alkanes
DOI: 10.25921/y68t-kr23
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Dewar fire data from Valle Seco, Jemez Mountains - IMPD USVSC001

description: Objectives
We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of using grassland-forest ecotone trees to reconstruct spatial and temporal properties of the historical fire regime in a complex landscape of montane forests and adjacent grasslands.

Methods
We sampled and crossdated fire-scarred trees along ecotones and compared variations in historical fire occurrence within and among nine adjoining valle basins in a 10,158 ha landscape. We analyzed fire year extensiveness, climate regulation, and the occurrence of consecutive fire years.

Results
The resulting tree-ring record covers 1240-2005 AD, with 296 trees recording 125 replicated fire years during the analysis period 1601-1902 AD. Mean fire intervals for all events recorded on two or more trees ranged from 4.7 to 13.6 years in individual valles, and a mean of 2.4±1.7 (SD) years at the landscape scale. Between 1660 and 1902, extensive fires occurring in six or more valles occurred 15 times, on average at ~17-year intervals; 29 moderately widespread fires (3–5 valles) occurred during this period, at 8.7 year intervals on average. Widespread events occurred in years with a significantly lower Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) preceded by years of significantly positive PDSI, indicating conditions favorable for fine fuel production. Spatial reconstruction of fire extent revealed multiple occurrences of consecutive-year fires burning non-overlapping areas, associated with persistent low PDSI anomalies preceded by positive conditions in antecedent years.

Conclusions
A landscape spatiotemporal approach to reconstructing fire regimes of montane forest-grassland complexes provides a valuable baseline for guiding prescribed and natural fire management at large spatial scales.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.

Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
Dating Method: Dated
Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable

Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usvsc001.fhx
along with associated metadata at:
  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usvsc001-noaa.txt
DOI: 10.25921/yd94-te60
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mašek - 04PL Kokořínsko - PISY - ITRDB CZE039

description: Inter-annual climatically driven growth variability of above-ground biomass compartments (for example, tree stems and foliage) controls the intensity of carbon sequestration into forest ecosystems. However, understanding the differences between the climatic response of stem and foliage at the landscape level is limited. In this study, we examined the climate-growth response of stem and leaf biomass and their relationship for Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB) in topographically complex landscapes. We used tree-ring width chronologies and time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from high-resolution Landsat scenes as proxies for stem and leaf biomass, respectively. We then compared growth variability and climate-growth relationships of both biomass proxies between topographical categories. Our results show that the responses of tree rings to climate differ significantly from those found in NDVI, with the stronger climatic signal observed in tree rings. Topography had distinct but species-specific effects: At moisture-limited PISY stands, stem biomass (tree rings) was strongly topographically driven, and leaf biomass (NDVI) was relatively insensitive to topographic variability. In landscapes close to the climatic optimum of PCAB, the relationship between stem and leaf biomass was weak, and their correlations with climate were often inverse, with no significant effects of topography. Different climatic signals from NDVI and tree rings suggest that the response of canopy and stem growth to climate change might be decoupled. Furthermore, our results hint toward different prioritizations of biomass allocation in trees under stressful conditions which might change allometric relationships between individual tree compartments in the long term.
DOI: 10.25921/ya60-jx62
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - A High-Resolution Record of Climatic Change in Elk Lake, Minnesota for the Last 1500 Years

description: Records of past climate and environment derived from lake sediment records.  Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.

description: Geochemical and paleontological data sets for sediments collected from Elk Lake, Minnesota. Sediments were sampled at two different temporal resolutions: 1. The entire varved section (10,200 years) was sampled at coarser resolution, generally 50-year composite samples (see WDS-Paleo study 5491; https://doi.org/10.25921/ecgp-bx03); and 2. The last 1550 years of the varved record was sampled at contiguous 1-cm intervals, with an average temporal resolution of 5 years. These data were obtained from a piston core and a frozen box core collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1978, and supplemented by additional piston cores collected by the Limnological Research Center, University of Minnesota in 1982, 1983, and 1984. The composite geochemical and paleontological data sets for the last 10,000 years were obtained by splicing information from sections of the 1978, 1982, and frozen box core. The more detailed composite geochemical and paleontological data sets for the last 1550 years were obtained from samples originally taken from the 1983 and 1984 cores for sediment magnetic studies (Sprowl, 1985). Information about the location of Elk Lake, methods of coring, core splicing, construction of the varve chronology, and methods of analyses can be found in the following publications: Bradbury, J.P. and Dean, W.E., 1993, Geological Society of America Special Paper 276, doi: 10.1130/SPE276; Dean, W.E. et al., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-578, doi: 10.3133/ofr94578; Sprowl, D.R., 1985, Ph.D. thesis: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 145 p.

The Elk Lake Geochemical and Paleontological Data Set for the last 1550 years consists of 5 data files which contain information about varve thickness, gray scale density, concentrations of organic carbon and CaCO3, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, inorganic geochemistry, and diatoms. The data have been collected and analyzed by Walter Dean and Platt Bradbury and colleagues at the USGS and several universities. The data were originally published as appendixes in the USGS Open-File Report 94-578.

The basic sampling scheme for carbon analyses, mineralogy, and diatoms was contiguous 1-cm composite samples with an average of 5 varves per sample. For inorganic geochemistry, the sampling interval was contiguous 2-cm composite samples with an average of 10 varves per sample. The first two columns in each of the four analytical data files are labeled "Varve Yr BP" and "Varve Yr AD" and contain the midpoint of each 1-cm or 2-cm sample in varve years before 1984 and years AD, respectively.
DOI: 10.25921/yg3n-tq05
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Filion - Lac Chavigny - LALA - ITRDB CAN699

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/yk8r-x292
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Orurillo, Peru d2H and d18O Data Over the Past 5000 years

description: Tiwanaku was a regionally significant, state level polity in the south-central Andes from ca. 500-1000 CE. The development of complex society in the region was greatly facilitated through intensified agricultural systems that relied on monsoonal precipitation. At the end of the first millennium CE, the Tiwanaku political regime collapsed, and their raised field systems were mostly abandoned within 200 years or less. It has been suggested that a prolonged period of aridity contributed to the collapse, but questions have remained about its chronology and severity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between d2Hwax and d18Ocalcite values, aridity and societal change. A period of nondeposition or erosion occurred between 915 and 1025 CE indicating a low lake stand exposing the core site. This extended and pronounced drought ending 1025 CE was recorded in the isotopic proxies extracted from lake sediments that show this period of aridity persisted into the 13th century. The broad agreement between our record and other regional paleoenvironmental archives of Holocene climate variability is consistent with Northern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns as a mechanism for driving centennial scale climate change in the Andes and supports the correspondence between prolonged drought and the collapse of Tiwanaku.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8h8h9s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 56 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT "year", COUNT(*) as RecordsCount 
 FROM occurrence
 WHERE "year" &gt;= 1970 
 AND level0gid = 'FJI'
 AND countrycode = 'FJ'
 AND (kingdom = 'Plantae' OR kingdom = 'Animalia') 
 AND (basisOfRecord = 'OBSERVATION' OR basisOfRecord = 'LIVING_SPECIMEN' OR basisOfRecord = 'MATERIAL_SAMPLE' OR basisOfRecord = 'HUMAN_OBSERVATION' OR basisOfRecord = 'MACHINE_OBSERVATION' OR basisOfRecord = 'OCCURRENCE')
 AND occurrenceStatus = 'PRESENT' 
 AND decimalLongitude IS NOT NULL 
 AND decimalLatitude IS NOT NULL
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_INVALID') 
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'ZERO_COORDINATE') 
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_OUT_OF_RANGE') 
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COUNTRY_COORDINATE_MISMATCH') 
 GROUP BY "year"
 ORDER BY "year"

 The dataset's 56 records were derived from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024723-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/yjys-3v65
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo pCO2 Database: South Atlantic Ocean (ODP 1264B) Boron Isotope Data during the late Oligocene and early Miocene

description: The boron isotope (d11B) proxy for seawater pH is a tried and tested means to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 in the geologic past, but uncertainty remains over how to treat species-specific calibrations that link foraminiferal d11B to pH estimates prior to 22 My. In addition, no d11B-based reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 exist for wide swaths of the Oligocene (33 – 23 Ma), and large variability in CO2 reconstructions during this epoch based on other proxy evidence leaves climate evolution during this period relatively unconstrained. To add to our understanding of Oligocene and early Miocene climate, we generated new atmospheric CO2 estimates from new d11B data from fossil shells of surface-dwelling planktic foraminifera from the mid-Oligocene to early Miocene (~ 28 – 18 Ma). We estimate atmospheric CO2 of ~ 680 ppm for the mid-Oligocene, which then evolves to fluctuate between ~ 500 – 570 ppm during the late Oligocene and between ~ 420 – 700 ppm in the early Miocene. These estimates tend to trend higher than Oligo-Miocene CO2 estimates from other proxies, although we observe good proxy agreement in the late Oligocene. Reconstructions of CO2 fall lower than estimates from paleoclimate model simulations in the early Miocene and mid Oligocene, which indicates that more proxy and/or model refinement is needed for these periods. Our species cross-calibrations, assessing d11B, Mg/Ca, d18O, and d13C, are able to pinpoint and evaluate small differences in the geochemistry of surface-dwelling planktic foraminifera, lending confidence to paleoceanographers applying this approach even further back in time.
DOI: 10.25921/yva3-a438
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Filion - Lac Testu - LALA - ITRDB CAN715

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/y45g-ps62
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Devil's Canopy Cave (Alaska) Sediment Analysis from 17-19ka

description: Terrestrial evidence of ice-sheet meltwater events during the last deglaciation are exceptionally rare. However, they are a valuable complement to marine records that suggest immense ice-sheet meltwater pulses discharging into the Northeast Pacific, termed Siku events. Here we describe and date a terrestrial Cordilleran Ice Sheet meltwater archive in a karstified glacial outwash plain during the early last deglaciation, showing semi-continuous meltwater events between about 20,000 and 17,000 years ago.