DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5h951h04
title: Data from: The evolution of pharyngognathy: a phylogenetic and functional appraisal of the pharyngeal jaw key innovation in labroid fishes and beyond

description: The perciform group Labroidei includes approximately 2,500 species and
 comprises some of the most diverse and successful lineages of teleost
 fishes. Composed of four major clades, Cichlidae, Labridae (wrasses,
 parrotfishes and weed whitings), Pomacentridae (damselfishes), and
 Embiotocidae (surfperches), labroids have been an icon for studies of
 biodiversity, adaptive radiation, and sexual selection. The success and
 diversification of labroids have been largely attributed to the presence
 of a major innovation in the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, pharyngognathy,
 which is hypothesized to increase feeding capacity and versatility. We
 present results of large-scale phylogenetic analyses and a survey of
 pharyngeal jaw functional morphology, that allow us to examine the
 evolution of pharyngognathy in a historical context. Phylogenetic analyses
 were based on a sample of 188 acanthomorph species, primarily percomorphs,
 and DNA sequence data collected from ten nuclear loci that have been
 previously used to resolve higher-level ray-finned fish relationships.
 Phylogenies inferred from this dataset using maximum likelihood and
 Bayesian analyses indicate polyphyly of the traditional Labroidei and
 clearly separate Labridae from the remainder of the traditional labroid
 lineages (Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, and Pomacentridae). These three
 “chromide” families all grouped together within a newly discovered clade
 of 40 families and more than 5,300+ species (&gt;30% of percomorphs
 and &gt;17% of all ray-finned fishes), which we name Ovalentaria for
 its characteristic demersal, adhesive eggs with chorionic filaments. This
 fantastically diverse clade includes some of the most species-rich
 lineages of marine and freshwater fishes, including all representatives of
 the Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, Pomacentridae, Ambassidae, Gobiesocidae,
 Grammatidae, Mugilidae, Opistognathidae, Pholidichthyidae, Plesiopidae
 (including Notograptus), Polycentridae, Pseudochromidae, Atherinomorpha,
 and Blennioidei. Beyond the discovery of Ovalentaria, this study provides
 a surprising, but well-supported, hypothesis for a convict-blenny
 (Pholidichthys) sister group to the charismatic cichlids and new insights
 into the evolution of pharyngognathy. Bayesian stochastic mapping
 ancestral state reconstructions indicate pharyngognathy has evolved at
 least six times in percomorphs, including four separate origins in members
 of the former Labroidei, one origin in the Centrogenyidae, and one origin
 within Beloniformes. Our analyses indicate that all pharyngognathous
 fishes have a mechanically efficient biting mechanism enabled by the
 muscular sling and a single lower jaw element. However, a major
 distinction exists between Labridae, which lacks the widespread,
 generalized percomorph pharyngeal biting mechanism, and all other
 pharyngognathous clades, which possess this generalized biting mechanism
 in addition to pharyngognathy. This suggests that labrids have a
 functionally more restricted pharyngeal system than all other
 pharyngognathous clades.
description: labroidALL
 phySequence data set used
 in phylogenetic analyses presented in this submitted manuscript. These are
 DNA sequences from 188 species of acanthomorph fishes and 10 coding
 nuclear genes each.labroidALL.phySupplemental Table 1-FinalGrid of specimens, with collection numbers and Genbank accession numbers for the genes.labroidALL nexThe nucleotide alignment with the annotation for the 30 data partitions.labroidALL.nexlabroidRAxMLThe file containing the settings for the RAxML analysislabroidALL_30partThe data partition file for the RAxML analysislabroid30partthe file for the BEAST analyses