DOI: 10.25338/b8c92r
title: Conference scheduling undermines diversity efforts

description: Scientific conferences incorporate diversity-focused events into their
 programming to increase their diversity and inclusivity and to improve the
 conference experience for scientists from underrepresented groups (URGs).
 While simply adding diversity-focused events to conferences is positive,
 maximizing their impact requires that conferences organizeand schedule
 these events to minimize well-acknowledged, problematic patterns such as
 the minority tax. To our knowledge, the programming of diversity-focused
 events at conferences has not been systematically reviewed to identify the
 extent of these shortcomings and how they can be addressed. This dataset
 describes temporal trends in the types of diversity-focused events held at
 biology conferences, the targeted audiences of those events, and
 scheduling conflicts that occur with each event.
description: Time-series:
 We gathered publicly
 available conference programs for the selected biology conferences (Table
 1) for the years 2010 through 2019. Not all conferences had programs
 available for all years, particularly as time from the present increased,
 thus sample sizes varied across the time series from 17 to 28. Programs
 were searched for diversity-focused events by both reading through the
 entire program and conducting keyword searches. The following keywords
 were used: diversity, gender, female, woman, women, black, race, ethnic*,
 minorit*, inclusiv*, LGBT*, where asterisks indicate wild-card search
 terms. For each program, we first scored (yes/no) on whether there were
 any diversity-focused events. We then scored whether each event was
 “women-focused” - where the event was specific to women; “ethnic/racial
 minority groups-focused” – where the event was specific to any URG based
 on ethnicity and/or race; and/or “LGBTQ+-focused” - where the event was
 specific to any part of the LGBTQ+ community. Using these scores, we
 calculated for each calendar year the percent of conferences with (1) any
 kind of diversity-focused event, (2) women-focused events, (3)
 ethnic/racial minorities-focused events, and (4) LGBTQ+-focused
 events. Table 1.
 Biology conferences were
 acquired from a list of societies affiliated with the American Association
 for the Advancement of Science (https://www.aaas.org/group/60/list-aaas-affiliates). We included a conference if its primary focus was on the biological sciences, regardless of whether the conference was hosted by an academic, professional, or not-for-profit organization. Recent publicly available conference programs were used to examine how conferences incorporated diversity-focused events into their schedules. Society/Conference Year analyzed Society/Conference Year analyzed American Dairy Science Association 2018 Ecological Society of America 2019 American Ornithological Society 2018 Entomological Society of America 2018 American Physiological Society 2018 International Biometrics Society - Eastern North America 2018 American Phytopathological Society 2018 Microscopy Society of America 2018 American Society for Horticultural Science 2018 Mycological Society of America 2017 American Society for Microbiology 2019 Phycological Society of America 2019 American Society of Agronomy 2018 Poultry Science Association 2018 American Society of Mammalogists 2018 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2018 American Society of Plant Biologists 2019 Society for Neuroscience 2018 Animal Behavior Society 2019 Society for the Study of Evolution 2018 Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography - Ocean Sciences Meeting 2018 Society of American Foresters 2019 Association of Southeastern Biologists 2018 Society of Toxicology 2018 Behavior Genetics Association 2018 The Wildlife Society 2018 Biophysical Society 2018 Weed Science Society of America 2018 Botanical Society of America 2018     Survey of event-scheduling and targeted audiences: Using one recent program from each conference (years 2017 through 2019), we searched for diversity-focused events by both reading through the entire program and conducting keyword searches. The keywords used are listed above in the Time Series section. From these searches, we found 87 diversity-focused events from 21 out of the 29 conferences. Target audience: For each conference, we used the title and any other description of the event to classify the targeted audience as either an underrepresented group (URG) or the broader conference community. For example, events with titles such as “Inclusive Teaching Workshop” were classified as broadly targeted, whereas events with titles such as “Minority Social” were classified as URG-targeted. However, if any event contained the explicit statement that “all are welcome” (or similar), the event was classified as targeted at the broader conference community. Event format: We also used the titles and other event descriptions to classify the formats of events. Events were classified as socials, workshops, symposia, plenary lectures, forums and town halls, orientations, or poster sessions. The most common events were socials, workshops, and symposia (e.g., “LGBTQ+ Networking Event and Social”, “Workshop for Creating an Inclusive Research Environment”, and “Symposium Honoring the Roles of Women in Microbiology”, respectively). Breaks or scientific sessions: We used the conference schedule to identify whether each diversity-focused event occurred during a scheduled break versus the main scientific sessions. We defined a break as a period that was either explicitly labeled as a break (e.g., lunch, dinner) or occurred outside the daily start or end of conference-wide scientific events, which included workshops, plenary lectures, poster sessions, and contributed oral presentations. Number of conflicting events: We used the conference schedule to count the number of events that overlapped with each diversity-focused event for more than 15 minutes. Events were only counted as separate events if they occurred in separate rooms. “Business” events and other closed, invitation-only events were not included in this calculation. Overlap for an average conference event: Because the baseline number of overlapping events can vary with the size of a conference, we conducted a randomized survey to calculate how many events overlapped with an “average” event at a conference. For each day of a conference, we used a random number generator to identify a single hour with conference activity and counted the number of overlapping events within the first 15 minutes of that hour. The number of events conflicting with an average event was calculated as the total number of overlapping events minus 1. This number was averaged across the different days for each conference. To validate our randomized survey, we also contacted the organizers of each conference to request attendance numbers for the surveyed years - 15 conferences provided this information. Conflict with an average event was strongly correlated with the size of the conference, thus, we concluded that our method of random surveys was a reliable method for quantifying how busy a conference was.
description: Conference size ("number of attendees") data were
 gathered directly from the conference organizers or from published values
 (e.g., the conference's website). There are some missing values when
 these data could not be collected.