cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127925
title: Supplementary Material for: Does Physical Activity Improve Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy?

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Improved cancer treatments have resulted in prolonged survival. Nevertheless, tumor symptoms and side effects still compromise physical activity and quality of life (QoL). <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> We conducted an anonymous survey among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy using standardized questionnaires: the ‘<i>Freiburger Fragebogen zur körperlichen Aktivität</i>' (Freiburg Questionnaire on Physical Activity) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30. Two main questions were addressed: were there differences (1) in physical activity and QoL between patients who do not believe that sport could improve their QoL and those who believe it could (group A vs. B); and (2) in QoL between patients with a total activity (TA) &lt; 18 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) h/week and those with a TA of ≥ 18 MET h/week (group C vs. D)? <b><i>Results:</i></b> 276 of 400 questionnaires were completed. Groups A and B were balanced in terms of baseline characteristics. Group A suffered significantly more from fatigue and pain; group B reported higher levels of global health status (GHS) and TA. Groups C and D differed in gender distribution, age, and educational background. Group D had significantly higher levels of GHS, group C suffered more from fatigue, pain, and appetite loss. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Physical activity correlates with a better QoL of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127931.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A Prospective Investigation of Graves' Disease and Selenium: Thyroid Hormones, Auto-Antibodies and Self-Rated Symptoms

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> In Graves' thyrotoxicosis tachycardia, weight loss and mental symptoms are common. Recovery takes time and varies between patients. Treatment with methimazole reduces thyroid hormone levels. According to previous research, this reduction has been faster if selenium (Se) is added. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective was to investigate whether supplementing the pharmacologic treatment with Se could change the immune mechanisms, hormone levels and/or depression and anxiety. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We prospectively investigated 38 patients with initially untreated thyrotoxicosis by measuring the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT<sub>4</sub>), free triiodothyronine (FT<sub>3</sub>), thyroid receptor antibodies and thyroid peroxidase auto-antibodies before medication and at 6, 18 and 36 weeks after commencing treatment with methimazole and levo-thyroxine, with a randomized blinded oral administration of 200 µg Se/day or placebo. The selenoprotein P concentration was determined in plasma at inclusion and after 36 weeks. The patients were also assessed with questionnaires about depression, anxiety and self-rated symptoms before medication was started and after 36 weeks. <b><i>Results:</i></b> FT<sub>4</sub> decreased more in the Se group at 18 weeks (14 vs. 17 pmol/l compared to the placebo group, p = 0.01) and also at 36 weeks (15 vs. 18 pmol/l, p = 0.01). The TSH increased more in the Se group at 18 weeks (0.05 vs. 0.02 mIU/l, p = 0.04). The depression and anxiety scores were similar in both groups. In the Se group, the depression rates correlated negatively with FT<sub>3</sub> and positively with TSH. This was not seen in the placebo group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Se supplementation can enhance biochemical restoration of hyperthyroidism, but whether this could shorten clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and reduce mental symptoms must be investigated further.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127937.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Familial Forms of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

description: As dementia is a fast-growing health care problem, it is becoming an increasingly urgent need to provide an early diagnosis in order to offer patients the best medical treatment and care. Validated biomarkers which reflect the pathology and disease progression are essential for diagnosis and are important when developing new therapies. Today, the core protein biomarkers amyloid-β<sub>42</sub>, total tau and phosphorylated tau in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD), because these biomarkers have shown to reflect the underlying amyloid and tau pathology. However, the biomarkers have proved insufficient predictors of dementias with a different pathology, e.g. frontotemporal dementia (FTD); furthermore, the biomarkers are not useful for early AD diagnosis. Familial dementias with a known disease-causing mutation can be extremely valuable to study; yet the biomarker profiles in patients with familial dementias are not clear. This review summarizes CSF biomarker findings from studies on symptomatic and presymptomatic individuals carrying a mutation in one of the genes known to cause early-onset familial AD or FTD. In conclusion, the biomarker profile of inherited AD is quite similar between carriers of different mutations as well as similar to the profile found in sporadic AD, whereas familial FTD does not seem to have a clear biomarker profile. Hence, new biomarkers are needed for FTD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127922
title: Supplementary Material for: Intralesional Patterns of MRI ADC Maps Predict Outcome in Experimental Stroke

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> After acute ischemia, the tissue that is at risk of infarction can be detected by perfusion-weighted imaging/diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI/DWI) mismatch but the time that is needed to process PWI limits its use. As DWI is highly sensitive to acute ischemic tissue damage, we hypothesized that different ADC patterns represent areas with a different potential for recovery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed to sham surgery and pMCAO. We further separated the pMCAO group according to intralesional ADC pattern (homogeneous or heterogeneous). At 24 h after ischemia induction, we analyzed lesion size, functional outcome, cell death expression, and brain protection markers including ROS enzyme NOX-4. MRI included DWI (ADC maps), DTI (tractography), and PWI (CBF, CBV and MTT). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The lesion size was similar in pMCAO rats. Animals with a heterogeneous pattern in ADC maps showed better functional outcome in Rotarod test (p = 0.032), less expression of cell death (p = 0.014) and NOX-4 (p = 0.0063), higher intralesional CBF (p = 0.0026) and larger PWI/DWI mismatch (p = 0.007). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In a rodent model for ischemic stroke, intralesional heterogeneity in ADC maps was related to better functional outcome in lesions of similar size and interval after pMCAO. DWI ADC maps may assist in the early identification of ischemic tissue with an increased potential for recovery as higher expression of acute protection markers, lower expression of cell death, increased PWI/DWI mismatch, and higher intralesional CBF were present in animals with a heterogeneous ADC pattern.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127916
title: Supplementary Material for: Radiological Features in Patients with Short Stature Homeobox-Containing <b><i>(SHOX) </i></b>Gene<b> </b>Deficiency and Turner Syndrome before and after 2 Years of GH Treatment

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The short stature homeobox-containing <i>(SHOX)</i> gene is one of many genes that regulate longitudinal growth. The SHOX deficiency (SHOX-D) phenotype, caused by intragenic or regulatory region defects, ranges from normal stature to mesomelic skeletal dysplasia. We investigated differences in radiological anomalies between patients with SHOX-D and Turner syndrome (TS) and the effect of 2 years of growth hormone (GH) treatment on these anomalies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Left hand/wrist, forearm and lower leg radiographs were assessed at baseline and after 2 years in children with genetically confirmed SHOX-D (GH-treated and untreated groups) and TS (GH-treated) in a randomised, controlled, multinational study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Radiological anomalies of hand, wrist and forearm were common in SHOX-D and TS. Radial bowing appeared more prevalent in SHOX-D, while lower leg anomalies were more common in TS. There were no significant differences in radiological findings between GH-treated and untreated patients with SHOX-D after 2 years. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> GH treatment had no systematic effect on skeletal findings in SHOX-D, based on limited radiological differences between the GH-treated and untreated groups at 2 years. Bone age radiographs allow assessment of radiological signs indicating a potential diagnosis of SHOX-D and may lead to earlier genetic confirmation and initiation of GH therapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127919
title: Supplementary Material for: <b><i>Interleukin-6</i></b> CpG Methylation and Body Weight Correlate Differently in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Compared to Obese and Lean Controls

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is accompanied by systemic low-grade inflammation with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is encoded by a gene <i>(IL-6)</i> previously shown to be regulated by DNA methylation. We investigated seven CpG sites in <i>IL-6</i> in individuals with DMT2, obese individuals and lean controls. Further, the DMT2 group received the glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist liraglutide. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 4 months. The DNA methylation was assessed using pyrosequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Methylation levels at the CpG sites -664, -628 and +13 at the first sampling time point (T1) and at -666 and -664 at the second sampling time point (T2) correlated negatively with initial body weight in the DMT2 group. We found positive correlations for the obese and the lean control group. In the obese group, CpG +27 methylation at T1 correlated with initial body weight (r = 0.685; p = 0.014). In the lean group, CpG -664 at T1 (r = 0.874; p = 0.005) and CpG -628 at T2 (r = 0.632; p = 0.050) correlated with initial body weight. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings are an informative basis for further studies to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms underlying DMT2. Additionally, our results might provide starting points for the development of biomarkers for prevention and therapy strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127928.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Different Preference of Degradome in Invasion versus Angiogenesis

description: Proteases are required for a multitude of cellular processes including homeostatic tissue remodelling, invasion and angiogenesis. The physiological function of a cell or tissue is reflected by the set of proteases expressed, also termed degradome. The role of proteases in invasion and angiogenesis has been studied intensively, mostly in cancer. We aimed to compare the set of proteases required for physiological invasion versus physiological angiogenesis from cells deriving from the same organ, and to identify the proteases specific for each process. The human placenta comprises trophoblasts that invade the maternal uterus in a regulated, physiological manner, and it is the source of primary endothelial cells. We isolated the trophoblasts and endothelial cells and verified their invasive phenotype and angiogenic properties, respectively. We then performed gene expression analysis of the degradome, e.g. cysteine, metallo, serine, threonine and aspartic proteases, identified the differentially expressed proteases among the trophoblasts and endothelial cells, and clustered them hierarchically. The results revealed that the set of proteases in trophoblasts versus in endothelial cells overlaps, with a total of 69% in common. Nevertheless, 42% of the studied degradomes differed, with a fold change ≥2. For instance, metalloproteinases were predominantly expressed in trophoblasts, and 31% of the proteases were exclusively expressed in either trophoblasts or endothelial cells; this suggests particular roles for these proteases in either invasion or angiogenesis. Our data identify common and distinct proteases in cells capable of performing invasion and angiogenesis, and may provide basic information for the design of techniques to specifically investigate invasion or angiogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127916.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Radiological Features in Patients with Short Stature Homeobox-Containing <b><i>(SHOX) </i></b>Gene<b> </b>Deficiency and Turner Syndrome before and after 2 Years of GH Treatment

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The short stature homeobox-containing <i>(SHOX)</i> gene is one of many genes that regulate longitudinal growth. The SHOX deficiency (SHOX-D) phenotype, caused by intragenic or regulatory region defects, ranges from normal stature to mesomelic skeletal dysplasia. We investigated differences in radiological anomalies between patients with SHOX-D and Turner syndrome (TS) and the effect of 2 years of growth hormone (GH) treatment on these anomalies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Left hand/wrist, forearm and lower leg radiographs were assessed at baseline and after 2 years in children with genetically confirmed SHOX-D (GH-treated and untreated groups) and TS (GH-treated) in a randomised, controlled, multinational study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Radiological anomalies of hand, wrist and forearm were common in SHOX-D and TS. Radial bowing appeared more prevalent in SHOX-D, while lower leg anomalies were more common in TS. There were no significant differences in radiological findings between GH-treated and untreated patients with SHOX-D after 2 years. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> GH treatment had no systematic effect on skeletal findings in SHOX-D, based on limited radiological differences between the GH-treated and untreated groups at 2 years. Bone age radiographs allow assessment of radiological signs indicating a potential diagnosis of SHOX-D and may lead to earlier genetic confirmation and initiation of GH therapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127922.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Intralesional Patterns of MRI ADC Maps Predict Outcome in Experimental Stroke

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> After acute ischemia, the tissue that is at risk of infarction can be detected by perfusion-weighted imaging/diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI/DWI) mismatch but the time that is needed to process PWI limits its use. As DWI is highly sensitive to acute ischemic tissue damage, we hypothesized that different ADC patterns represent areas with a different potential for recovery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed to sham surgery and pMCAO. We further separated the pMCAO group according to intralesional ADC pattern (homogeneous or heterogeneous). At 24 h after ischemia induction, we analyzed lesion size, functional outcome, cell death expression, and brain protection markers including ROS enzyme NOX-4. MRI included DWI (ADC maps), DTI (tractography), and PWI (CBF, CBV and MTT). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The lesion size was similar in pMCAO rats. Animals with a heterogeneous pattern in ADC maps showed better functional outcome in Rotarod test (p = 0.032), less expression of cell death (p = 0.014) and NOX-4 (p = 0.0063), higher intralesional CBF (p = 0.0026) and larger PWI/DWI mismatch (p = 0.007). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In a rodent model for ischemic stroke, intralesional heterogeneity in ADC maps was related to better functional outcome in lesions of similar size and interval after pMCAO. DWI ADC maps may assist in the early identification of ischemic tissue with an increased potential for recovery as higher expression of acute protection markers, lower expression of cell death, increased PWI/DWI mismatch, and higher intralesional CBF were present in animals with a heterogeneous ADC pattern.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127907
title: Supplementary Material for: Temporal Changes in Alcohol-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Germany

description: <b><i>Aims:</i></b> Trends in morbidity and mortality, fully or partially attributable to alcohol, for adults aged 18-64 were assessed for Germany. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The underestimation of population exposure was corrected by triangulating survey data with per capita consumption. Alcohol-attributable fractions by sex and two age groups were estimated for major disease categories causally linked to alcohol. Absolute numbers, population rates and proportions relative to all hospitalizations and deaths were calculated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Trends of 100% alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality over thirteen and eighteen years, respectively, show an increase in rates of hospitalizations and a decrease in mortality rates. Comparisons of alcohol-attributable morbidity including diseases partially caused by alcohol revealed an increase in hospitalization rates between 2006 and 2012. The proportion of alcohol-attributable hospitalizations remained constant. Rates of alcohol-attributable mortality and the proportion among all deaths decreased. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The increasing trend in mortality due to alcohol until the mid-1990s has reversed. The constant proportion of all hospitalizations that were attributable to alcohol indicates that factors such as improved treatment and easier health care access may have influenced the general increase in all-cause morbidity. To further reduce alcohol-related mortality, efforts in reducing consumption and increasing treatment utilization are needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127910
title: Supplementary Material for: Vitamin D Receptor Genotype Modulates the Correlation between Vitamin D and Circulating Levels of let-7a/b and Vitamin D Intake in an Elderly Cohort

description: <b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are linked to disease and are potential biomarkers. Vitamin D may modulate miRNA profiles, and vitamin D status has been linked to risk of disease, including cardiovascular disease and cancers. We hypothesise that genotypic variance influences these relationships. We examined the correlations between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of the miRNAs let-7a/b, and the involvement of two common vitamin D receptor <i>(VDR)</i> polymorphisms, <i>Bsm</i>I and <i>Apa</i>I. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two hundred participants completed food frequency and supplement questionnaires, and were assayed for circulating let-7b expression by qPCR. Polymorphisms were detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR. <b><i>Results:</i></b> let-7b expression negatively correlated with vitamin D intake (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.20, p = 0.005). The magnitude and direction of correlation were maintained in the presence of the <i>Bsm</i>I restriction site (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.27, p = 0.0005). However, in the absence of <i>Bsm</i>I restriction site, the direction of the correlation was reversed (r<sub>s</sub> = +0.319, p = 0.0497). These correlations were significantly different (z-score = 2.64, p = 0.0085). The correlation between vitamin D intake and let-7a was only significant in those without the <i>Apa</i>I restriction site. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The correlation between vitamin D intake and let-7a/b expression in this cohort varies with <i>VDR</i> genotype. This study highlights the importance of considering underlying genotypic variance in miRNA expression studies and in nutritional epigenetics generally.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127913
title: Supplementary Material for: Carotid Arterial Hemodynamic in Ischemic Levkoaraiosis Suggests Hypoperfusion Mechanism

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Leukoaraiosis (ILA) is believed to be ischaemic in origin due to its similar location as that of lacunar infarctions and its association with cerebrovascular risk factors. However, its pathophysiology is not well understood. The ischaemic injuries may be a result of increased pulsatility or cerebral hypo-perfusion. We used carotid duplex ultrasound to prove that the underlying mechanism is hypo-perfusion. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared 55 ILA patients to 44 risk factor-matched controls with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head. ILA diagnosis was based on MRI and was further categorised according to the Fazekas scale. We measured carotid artery blood flow velocity and diameter and calculated carotid blood flow and resistance indexes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Blood flow velocities and blood flows were significantly lower in the ILA group, including diastolic, systolic and mean pressures (p ≤ 0.05). The resistance indices were higher in the ILA group, but the differences were not statistically significant. All the velocities and blood flows showed a decreasing trend with higher Fazekas score, whereas resistance indexes showed an increasing trend. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Lower blood flow and higher resistance of carotid arteries are consistent with the hypo-perfusion theory of ILA. Carotid ultrasound could have a diagnostic and prognostic role in ILA patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127901
title: Supplementary Material for: Romiplostim Treatment in Adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia of Varying Duration and Severity

description: Romiplostim is recommended for the second- and third-line treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We conducted a large, single-arm study (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00508820) with broad entry criteria to evaluate the safety of romiplostim in adult ITP. Patients (n = 407) with ITP lasting 0.03-57.14 years and low platelet counts (median 14.0 × 10<sup>9</sup>/l) or uncontrolled bleeding received romiplostim for up to 4 years. The rates of treatment-related, serious adverse events, serious hemorrhage events, thromboembolic events and fatal events were similar to those reported in previous romiplostim trials (0.2, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.1/100 patient-weeks, respectively). Bone marrow reticulin was observed in 4 patients, but biopsies were not routinely performed so the true incidence of this event cannot be determined. Type I collagen (nonserious, unrelated) was reported in 1 patient who likely had myelodysplastic syndrome. No new class of adverse events was reported. Platelet responses were achieved by &gt;90% of the patients, typically within 1-2 weeks of the initiation of romiplostim treatment. From week 8, median platelet counts were &gt;100 × 10<sup>9</sup>/l; 47% of the patients received rescue medications (the use decreased over time). This study confirms and extends the tolerability/efficacy findings of previous romiplostim clinical studies. It was performed on a large ITP population, which is likely more representative of clinical practice.