cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282060.v1
title: Un Siglo de Sequías: ¿Por qué las Políticas de Agua no Desarrollaron la Región Semiárida Brasileña?

description: Resumen El semiárido brasileño frecuentemente se ve afectado por sequías prolongadas. Durante el período 2010-2017, la región semiárida brasileña enfrentó la “sequía del siglo”, considerada la peor registrada en la historia del país. Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una evaluación histórica de diferentes fases de las políticas públicas implementadas en la región, con el fin de promover la convivencia con la sequía. Con base en una investigación histórica documental y el monitoreo satelital de los impactos de las sequías, se analizaron las acciones gubernamentales que contribuyeron a brindar una mayor disponibilidad de agua en la región semiárida brasileña, con énfasis en el análisis de la efectividad de la gestión del agua y los impactos de las tecnologías sociales para el almacenamiento del agua de lluvia en comunidades rurales dispersas. Los resultados de la investigación evidenciaron que las políticas implementadas a lo largo de la historia, con frecuencia en un modelo centralizado, no fueron efectivas en el desarrollo de la región. Recientemente, el acceso a las tecnologías sociales hídricas descentralizadas en las zonas rurales, están mostrando resultados positivos. Sin embargo, aún no es una realidad universal para la población que vive en la región. Por tanto, se concluye que las políticas hídricas siguen siendo insuficientes para hacer frente a los impactos de las sequías. El estudio aporta importantes lecciones históricas para la gestión del agua en la actualidad.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282065
title: Appraisal of the Relation Between Climatology, Sanitary Conditions (Garbage) and the Occurrence of Arboviroses (Dengue and Chikungunya) at Quixadá-Ce in the Period Between 2016 and 2019

description: Abstract This study was considerated questions from epidemiology, sanitarism, climate and mathematic models for results about epidemics cases of Dengue and Chikungunya at Quixadá City-Ce, Brazil, 2016-2019. The epidemiological data was provided by the Municipal Health Secretariat. Climate data was provided by FUNCEME, INMET and INPE. Information about sanitary condition was qualitatively infer with a series of interviews were conducted with residents of the municipality along with photographic records and compiled news in online newspapers/portals. The epidemiological, climatic and social information was used as a database and rules on engine of the fuzzy statistical model in application, which aims at theoretical validation, diagnosis and prediction of arbovirosis, considering this multiplicity of variables. The variables air temperature and relative air humidity remained within the comfort zone of Aedes aegypti. The city's sanitary condition's proved to be the main factor to notification of these diseases throughout the study period, resulting in a directly proportional mathematical relationship between confirmed cases of arbovirosis and garbage accumulation. The fuzzy system applied was assertive close to 90%, which indicates that it is consistent and skilled for the objectives pursued generating diagnoses and prognoses for future cases of these arbovirosis, creating efficient public policies that fully meet population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282063
title: Evaluation of the Distribution of Heat Spots on the Margins of Federal Highways in the State of Ceará/Brazil

description: Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the distribution of heat sources around federal highways in the state of Ceará/Brazil. The analysis was carried out from satellite generated heat sources and meteorological data collected between 2002 and 2018. The results show that hotspots in the state are concentrated in the second half of the year, with 87% of the hotspots being recorded between the months of September and December. The relationship between annual precipitation and the incidence of hotspots is not direct, drier years do not necessarily show more hotspots. In the analyzed period, in years with higher rainfall rates, a greater number of hot spots were observed. It is estimated that the cause is related to greater availability of vegetation for burning, as well as the realization of fires for the preparation of land for planting. On average, 7% of the total number of hotspots in the state are around the roads. In the years analyzed, this percentage varied between 5% and 12%. In the three roads studied (BR 020, BR 116 and BR 222) the areas with the highest risk of forest fires were identified. The meteorological data and the analysis of the results of the Angstron fire risk index confirm that the second semester is the period that presents favorable atmospheric conditions for the ignition and rapid spread of fires in vegetation, mainly inside the state. The coastline, due to the influence of the sea and longer rainfall regime, did not present a high fire risk index. The results may subsidize disaster prevention and mitigation planning involving the dynamics of transportation and forest fires.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282065.v1
title: Appraisal of the Relation Between Climatology, Sanitary Conditions (Garbage) and the Occurrence of Arboviroses (Dengue and Chikungunya) at Quixadá-Ce in the Period Between 2016 and 2019

description: Abstract This study was considerated questions from epidemiology, sanitarism, climate and mathematic models for results about epidemics cases of Dengue and Chikungunya at Quixadá City-Ce, Brazil, 2016-2019. The epidemiological data was provided by the Municipal Health Secretariat. Climate data was provided by FUNCEME, INMET and INPE. Information about sanitary condition was qualitatively infer with a series of interviews were conducted with residents of the municipality along with photographic records and compiled news in online newspapers/portals. The epidemiological, climatic and social information was used as a database and rules on engine of the fuzzy statistical model in application, which aims at theoretical validation, diagnosis and prediction of arbovirosis, considering this multiplicity of variables. The variables air temperature and relative air humidity remained within the comfort zone of Aedes aegypti. The city's sanitary condition's proved to be the main factor to notification of these diseases throughout the study period, resulting in a directly proportional mathematical relationship between confirmed cases of arbovirosis and garbage accumulation. The fuzzy system applied was assertive close to 90%, which indicates that it is consistent and skilled for the objectives pursued generating diagnoses and prognoses for future cases of these arbovirosis, creating efficient public policies that fully meet population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282066
title: Climatic Characterization and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall in the Municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul - AC, Brazil

description: Abstract The Climatological Water Budget (CWB) determined by the Thornthwaite and Matter (1955) allows the temporal visualization of the variables that compose the climate, thus allowing the climatic characterization of a region. Therefore, this work aimed at identifying and quantifying the months of water surplus and deficit through CWB to characterize the climate for the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul - AC, Brazil, and analyze the temporal distribution of rainfall for the municipality. We used daily precipitation and temperature values and procedures to fill in the database. We calculated the potential evapotranspiration (ETP) using the Hargreaves Samani method (1985). Subsequently, we determined the periods of soil water storage (SWS), water deficiency (DEF), and water surplus (SUR) on a monthly scale. The climate of Cruzeiro do Sul, located in the northern region of Brazil, was characterized according to the Thornthwaite (1955) as B1rA'a' for a AWC of 140 mm, that is, a humid climate with annual rainfall average of 2227 mm and real evapotranspiration of 1660 mm, with small water deficiency in the months from June to October, with no thermal deficiency, and summer concentrated in three months with an average air temperature of 25 °C ranging between 18 °C and 32 °C.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282063.v1
title: Evaluation of the Distribution of Heat Spots on the Margins of Federal Highways in the State of Ceará/Brazil

description: Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the distribution of heat sources around federal highways in the state of Ceará/Brazil. The analysis was carried out from satellite generated heat sources and meteorological data collected between 2002 and 2018. The results show that hotspots in the state are concentrated in the second half of the year, with 87% of the hotspots being recorded between the months of September and December. The relationship between annual precipitation and the incidence of hotspots is not direct, drier years do not necessarily show more hotspots. In the analyzed period, in years with higher rainfall rates, a greater number of hot spots were observed. It is estimated that the cause is related to greater availability of vegetation for burning, as well as the realization of fires for the preparation of land for planting. On average, 7% of the total number of hotspots in the state are around the roads. In the years analyzed, this percentage varied between 5% and 12%. In the three roads studied (BR 020, BR 116 and BR 222) the areas with the highest risk of forest fires were identified. The meteorological data and the analysis of the results of the Angstron fire risk index confirm that the second semester is the period that presents favorable atmospheric conditions for the ignition and rapid spread of fires in vegetation, mainly inside the state. The coastline, due to the influence of the sea and longer rainfall regime, did not present a high fire risk index. The results may subsidize disaster prevention and mitigation planning involving the dynamics of transportation and forest fires.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282068
title: Analysis of Measurements of Direct Normal and Global Solar Radiation for Maceió, Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract Studying solar radiation is essential for human knowledge, since it is present in practically all its activities. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the climatic and seasonal variation of direct normal and global solar radiation in the region of Maceió, Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil with sky conditions characterized by clearness index (Kt). The Kt was determined by the ratio between global solar irradiance and solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere. The highest occurrences of daily direct normal solar irradiance under conditions of Kt ≥ 0.6 were recorded between 400 W m−2 and 700 W m−2 for all seasons. Under conditions of 0.4 ≤ Kt &lt; 0.6, the daily direct normal solar irradiance occurred between 200 W m−2 and 500 W m−2 and for conditions of Kt &lt; 0.4, its maximum value was 200 W m−2. It was observed that the levels of solar incidence in the study region depend on cloud cover conditions, with little influence of seasonality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282068.v1
title: Analysis of Measurements of Direct Normal and Global Solar Radiation for Maceió, Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract Studying solar radiation is essential for human knowledge, since it is present in practically all its activities. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the climatic and seasonal variation of direct normal and global solar radiation in the region of Maceió, Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil with sky conditions characterized by clearness index (Kt). The Kt was determined by the ratio between global solar irradiance and solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere. The highest occurrences of daily direct normal solar irradiance under conditions of Kt ≥ 0.6 were recorded between 400 W m−2 and 700 W m−2 for all seasons. Under conditions of 0.4 ≤ Kt &lt; 0.6, the daily direct normal solar irradiance occurred between 200 W m−2 and 500 W m−2 and for conditions of Kt &lt; 0.4, its maximum value was 200 W m−2. It was observed that the levels of solar incidence in the study region depend on cloud cover conditions, with little influence of seasonality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282071
title: Dry Spells in Ceará and Applications for Rainfed Agriculture

description: Abstract The dry spells are characterized as the occurrence of consecutive days with no precipitation in the rainy season, which causes losses in agricultural crops. The present article aims to classify and regionalize the dry spells that occur during the rainy season, as well as to understand the possible consequences on crop losses. The study area was the state of Ceará, in which dry spells was defined as three or more consecutive days with daily precipitation equal to or less than 2 mm. From the IBGE yield data, it was calculated how the cultivation of corn and beans and the results can be inferred that: in the year considered rainy (2009), there was a smaller number of dry spells occurrences, but with losses significant crop losses due to excessive rainfall, mainly in the portions of the Litoral de Fortaleza and Litoral do Pecém. In the analysis of the dry years (1998 and 2012), there was a higher occurrence of dry spells and the losses of harvests even more intense, the dry spells indicator showed lower occurrences of events in the northwest of the state. The results indicate a probable indicator for classifying the consequences of a drought on rainfed agricultural production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282066.v1
title: Climatic Characterization and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall in the Municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul - AC, Brazil

description: Abstract The Climatological Water Budget (CWB) determined by the Thornthwaite and Matter (1955) allows the temporal visualization of the variables that compose the climate, thus allowing the climatic characterization of a region. Therefore, this work aimed at identifying and quantifying the months of water surplus and deficit through CWB to characterize the climate for the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul - AC, Brazil, and analyze the temporal distribution of rainfall for the municipality. We used daily precipitation and temperature values and procedures to fill in the database. We calculated the potential evapotranspiration (ETP) using the Hargreaves Samani method (1985). Subsequently, we determined the periods of soil water storage (SWS), water deficiency (DEF), and water surplus (SUR) on a monthly scale. The climate of Cruzeiro do Sul, located in the northern region of Brazil, was characterized according to the Thornthwaite (1955) as B1rA'a' for a AWC of 140 mm, that is, a humid climate with annual rainfall average of 2227 mm and real evapotranspiration of 1660 mm, with small water deficiency in the months from June to October, with no thermal deficiency, and summer concentrated in three months with an average air temperature of 25 °C ranging between 18 °C and 32 °C.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282072
title: Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration in Maranhão State Using Artificial Neural Networks

description: Abstract The use of technology and planning in agricultural production is essential in Northeastern Brazil, which is the region of the country that most suffers from water shortage. For the best irrigation management, it is necessary to know the potential evapotranspiration rate for water control in order to increase productivity. There are several direct and indirect methods for estimating evapotranspiration, but the standard method recommended by the United Nations Agriculture Organization (FAO) is the Penman-Monteith (PETpm) method because it has higher accuracy than other methods. However, it is a difficult method to be used due to the need for a large number of meteorological elements. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate potential evapotranspiration by the Penman-Monteith method in the micro-region of Baixo Parnaíba in Maranhão state using artificial neural networks. Agro-meteorological data were collected daily over 34 years, from 1984 to 2017, and these data were obtained from the NASA/POWER website. Subsequently, liquid radiation and potential evapotranspiration were calculated by the Penman-Monteith standard method (1998). To predict potential daily evapotranspiration, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was chosen, which is a traditional Artificial Neural Network. The period that presented a higher evapotranspiration index was the same one that showed precipitation with a lower volume and higher temperatures. The artificial neural network model that best adapted to estimate PETpm was MLP 2-5-1. It is concluded that artificial neural networks estimate with accuracy and precision the Penman-Monteith daily potential evapotranspiration of the Lower Parnaiba in Maranhão, and potential evapotranspiration can be estimated by the Penman-Monteith method using neural networks with inputs of air temperatures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282072.v1
title: Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration in Maranhão State Using Artificial Neural Networks

description: Abstract The use of technology and planning in agricultural production is essential in Northeastern Brazil, which is the region of the country that most suffers from water shortage. For the best irrigation management, it is necessary to know the potential evapotranspiration rate for water control in order to increase productivity. There are several direct and indirect methods for estimating evapotranspiration, but the standard method recommended by the United Nations Agriculture Organization (FAO) is the Penman-Monteith (PETpm) method because it has higher accuracy than other methods. However, it is a difficult method to be used due to the need for a large number of meteorological elements. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate potential evapotranspiration by the Penman-Monteith method in the micro-region of Baixo Parnaíba in Maranhão state using artificial neural networks. Agro-meteorological data were collected daily over 34 years, from 1984 to 2017, and these data were obtained from the NASA/POWER website. Subsequently, liquid radiation and potential evapotranspiration were calculated by the Penman-Monteith standard method (1998). To predict potential daily evapotranspiration, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was chosen, which is a traditional Artificial Neural Network. The period that presented a higher evapotranspiration index was the same one that showed precipitation with a lower volume and higher temperatures. The artificial neural network model that best adapted to estimate PETpm was MLP 2-5-1. It is concluded that artificial neural networks estimate with accuracy and precision the Penman-Monteith daily potential evapotranspiration of the Lower Parnaiba in Maranhão, and potential evapotranspiration can be estimated by the Penman-Monteith method using neural networks with inputs of air temperatures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282071.v1
title: Dry Spells in Ceará and Applications for Rainfed Agriculture

description: Abstract The dry spells are characterized as the occurrence of consecutive days with no precipitation in the rainy season, which causes losses in agricultural crops. The present article aims to classify and regionalize the dry spells that occur during the rainy season, as well as to understand the possible consequences on crop losses. The study area was the state of Ceará, in which dry spells was defined as three or more consecutive days with daily precipitation equal to or less than 2 mm. From the IBGE yield data, it was calculated how the cultivation of corn and beans and the results can be inferred that: in the year considered rainy (2009), there was a smaller number of dry spells occurrences, but with losses significant crop losses due to excessive rainfall, mainly in the portions of the Litoral de Fortaleza and Litoral do Pecém. In the analysis of the dry years (1998 and 2012), there was a higher occurrence of dry spells and the losses of harvests even more intense, the dry spells indicator showed lower occurrences of events in the northwest of the state. The results indicate a probable indicator for classifying the consequences of a drought on rainfed agricultural production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282074
title: Evaluation in the Detection of Environmental Changes in the High Ipanema Watershed

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the different degrees of environmental susceptibility of the High Ipanema watershed, covering part of the municipalities of Arcoverde and Pesqueira in the state of Pernambuco, to climatic variability and degradation process. The data of monthly precipitation of the historical series (1962 to 2015) were used for the calculation of the rainfall anomaly index (IAC), considering the temporal means of the local precipitations, for the determination of dry and humid periods. The biophysical parameters were estimated for the detection of environmental changes in the watershed, applying components of the SEBAL algorithm using Landsat 5-TM and 8-OLI/TIRS images. The results presented a predominance of negative IACs for the interannual variability with more extreme inflection points in the rainy years, which shows the whole watershed with an anomaly index between dry and rainy. There is also strong evidence of the influence of the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena, together with or not on the positive and negative phases of the Atlantic Dipole, in the drought and rainfall events in the watershed. With the biophysical parameters analyzed it was found that the northwest part of the watershed presents a considerable area of exposed soils with a degree of susceptibility to degradation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282074.v1
title: Evaluation in the Detection of Environmental Changes in the High Ipanema Watershed

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the different degrees of environmental susceptibility of the High Ipanema watershed, covering part of the municipalities of Arcoverde and Pesqueira in the state of Pernambuco, to climatic variability and degradation process. The data of monthly precipitation of the historical series (1962 to 2015) were used for the calculation of the rainfall anomaly index (IAC), considering the temporal means of the local precipitations, for the determination of dry and humid periods. The biophysical parameters were estimated for the detection of environmental changes in the watershed, applying components of the SEBAL algorithm using Landsat 5-TM and 8-OLI/TIRS images. The results presented a predominance of negative IACs for the interannual variability with more extreme inflection points in the rainy years, which shows the whole watershed with an anomaly index between dry and rainy. There is also strong evidence of the influence of the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena, together with or not on the positive and negative phases of the Atlantic Dipole, in the drought and rainfall events in the watershed. With the biophysical parameters analyzed it was found that the northwest part of the watershed presents a considerable area of exposed soils with a degree of susceptibility to degradation.