DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh7p
title: Insect floral visitors vary spatiotemporally and influence fruit production in mango orchards

description: This dataset was generated from a field study conducted on six commercial
 mango farms in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The study aimed to
 assess the spatiotemporal variation in insect flower visitors and their
 influence on mango fruit production. Observations of insect visitors to
 mango inflorescences were conducted at increasing distances from the crop
 border adjacent to native vegetation, across different times of the day
 (morning, midday, and afternoon), and during a designated night-time
 period. Subsequent fruit set data were recorded from the same
 inflorescences to evaluate the impact of insect visitation on reproductive
 success. The dataset includes flower visitor abundance, taxonomic
 identity, spatial and temporal variables, and corresponding fruit set
 measurements.
description: # Insect floral visitors vary spatiotemporally and influence fruit
 production in mango orchards Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh7p](10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh7p) ## Description of the
 data and file structure ## **Insect floral visitors vary spatiotemporally
 and influence fruit production in mango orchards** **Abstract** This
 dataset was generated from a field study conducted on six commercial mango
 farms in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The study aimed to assess
 the spatiotemporal variation in insect flower visitors and their influence
 on mango fruit production. Observations of insect visitors to mango
 inflorescences were conducted at increasing distances from the crop border
 adjacent to native vegetation, across different times of the day (morning,
 midday, and afternoon), and during a designated night-time period.
 Subsequent fruit set data were recorded from the same inflorescences to
 evaluate the impact of insect visitation on reproductive success. The
 dataset includes flower visitor abundance, taxonomic identity, spatial and
 temporal variables, diversity indices, environmental conditions, and
 corresponding fruit set measurements. **Methods** * **Study Area**: Six
 commercial mango farms in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. *
 **Sampling Design**: At each farm, three trees were selected at each of
 five distances (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 m) from native vegetation. *
 **Diurnal Surveys**: Conducted over three non-consecutive days per farm,
 in three time slots daily: morning (9:00–12:00), midday (12:01–15:00), and
 afternoon (15:01–18:00). Each tree was observed for 5 minutes per slot. *
 **Nocturnal Surveys**: Conducted once per farm in one time slot
 (21:00–00:00), following the same tree-distance structure. *
 **Environmental Data**: Temperature, relative humidity, and wind
 conditions were recorded during each survey. * **Diversity Metrics**: Hill
 numbers were used to compute Species Richness, Total Abundance, and
 Shannon Diversity Index per survey. * **Fruit Set Assessment**: Six
 recently opened panicles per tree were tagged before surveys. Fruit set
 was recorded at early stage (25–30 days post-survey) and harvest (100–110
 days). A total of 504 panicles were monitored (84 trees × 6 panicles). ###
 Files and variables #### File: Fruit_set.csv **Description:** Contains
 early and harvest-stage fruit set data from mango panicles observed during
 insect visitation surveys. ##### Variables * Farm – Mango farm identifier
 * Distance – Distance of tree from native vegetation border (meter) *
 Tetragonula_visits – Cumulative stingless bee visits (number of visits) *
 Mesembrius_visits (number of visits) * Chrysomya_visits (number of visits)
 * Formicidae_visits (number of visits) * Other_insect_visits (number of
 visits) * Total_visits (number of visits) * Early_fruit_count - Number of
 fruits per six panicles recorded at early stage (25–30 days after
 visitation) * Harvest_fruit_count – Number of fruits per six panicles
 recorded at maturity (100–110 days) * Fruit_length_mm - The size of mango
 fruit vertically i.e. top to bottom (in mm) * Fruit_breadth_mm - The size
 of mango fruit horizontally i.e. side to side (in mm) * FC_major mm -
 Fruit circumference around major axis i.e. vertically (in mm) *
 FC_minor_mm - Fruit circumference around minor axis i.e. horizontally *
 Weight_g - Fruit weight in grams * 'NA' in the values of fruit
 measurement means there was no fruit on those panicles, hence, no fruit
 measurements could be recorded. #### File: Diversity_indices_Diurnal.csv
 **Description:** Contains species richness (SR), total abundance, and
 Shannon Diversity Index (SD) values derived from diurnal floral visitor
 observations. ##### Variables * Farm * Distance * Time_of_day (9:00–12:00
 , 12:01–15:00, 15:01–18:00) * Species_Richness (SR) * Total_Abundance
 (Total) * Shannon_Diversity (SD) #### File: Diurnal_visits.csv
 **Description:** Raw abundance data for each insect species recorded
 during diurnal (daytime) 5-minute surveys. ##### Variables * Region
 (Darwin) * Farm * Survey (Diurnal) * Distance * Time (9:00–12:00,
 12:01–15:00, 15:01–18:00) * Temp (in Degree Celcius) * RH - Relative
 humidity (%) * Wind speed in meter per secon * \[Species_X] – One column
 per species, with abundance count per survey * Total - Total insect visits
 recorded #### File: Diversity_indices_Nocturnal.csv
 **Description:** Similar to the diurnal dataset but for nocturnal surveys
 conducted once per farm between 21:00–00:00. ##### Variables * Farm *
 Distance * Time_of_day (21:00 - 00:00) * Species_Richness (SR) *
 Total_Abundance (Total) * Shannon_Diversity (SD) #### File:
 Nocturnal_visits.csv **Description:** Species-specific abundance data
 recorded during nocturnal 5-minute surveys. ##### Variables * Region *
 Farm * Survey (Nocturnal) * Distance (in meter) * Time (21:00–00:00) *
 Temp (in Degree Celcius) * RH - Relative humidity (%) * Wind speed in
 meter per second * \[Species_X] – One column per species with nocturnal
 counts * Total - Total insect visits recorded ## Code/software Analyses
 were performed using standard ecological metrics and statistical software
 (e.g., R packages such as `vegan`, `lme4`) ## Access information Other
 publicly accessible locations of the data: * NA Data was derived from the
 following sources: * This is the original data generated from this
 research