DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6rv
title: Dataset for: Biomimetic models of fish gill rakers as lateral displacement arrays for particle separation

description: Ram suspension-feeding fish such as herring use gill rakers to separate
 small food particles from large water volumes while swimming forward with
 an open mouth. Fish gill raker function was tested using 3D-printed
 conical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations over a
 range of slot aspect ratios. (See CFD simulation output in Dryad dataset:
 case and data files for ANSYS Fluent 19.1 CFD simulations.) Our hypothesis
 predicting the exit of particles based on mass flow rates, dividing
 streamlines (i.e., stagnation streamlines) at the slots between gill
 rakers, and particle size was supported by the results of experiments with
 physical models in a recirculating flume. (See R code with embedded
 comments in Dryad dataset to test Hypotheses 1 and 2 for particle
 exit/trapping.) Particle movement in suspension-feeding fish gill raker
 models was consistent with the physical principles of lateral displacement
 arrays (“bump arrays”) for microfluidic and mesofluidic separation of
 particles by size. Although particles were smaller than the slots between
 rakers, particles skipped over the vortical region that was generated
 downstream from each raker. Particles “bumped” on anterior raker surfaces
 during posterior transport. (See particle movement data in Dryad dataset:
 three files for particle contact, exit, and retention in the physical
 models.) Experiments in a recirculating flume demonstrated that the
 shortest distance between the dividing streamline and the raker surface
 preceding the slot predicts the maximum radius of a particle that will
 exit from the model by passing through the slot. This theoretical maximum
 radius is analogous to the critical separation radius identified with
 reference to the stagnation streamlines in microfluidic and mesofluidic
 devices that use deterministic lateral displacement and sieve-based
 lateral displacement. These conclusions provide new perspectives and
 metrics for analyzing crossflow and cross-step filtration in fish with
 applications to filtration engineering. 
description: The following information is also provided as a
 "README" file. "CFD Simulation
 Output" folder, containing ANSYS Fluent 19.1 simulation output
 consisting of case and data files (.cas.gz and .dat.gz files).
 These files can be opened and data explored using the free Ansys
 Student software, currently available for download at:
 https://www.ansys.com/academic/students/ansys-student  This installer package includes the software CFD-post for viewing the results.   4 CFD result files are included: 1.35 mm - deep model: 1p35_deep_cas.gz and 1p35_deep_dat.gz 1.35 mm - shallow model: 1p35_shallow_cas.gz and 1p35_shallow_dat.gz 1.80 mm - deep model: 1p8_deep_cas.gz and 1p8_deep_dat.gz 1.80 mm - shallow model: 1p8_shallow_cas.gz and 1p8_shallow_dat.gz   "R Code to Test Hypotheses" folder, containing the R code with embedded comments to test Hypotheses 1 and 2 for particle exit/trapping.   "Particle Movement" folder, containing spreadsheets for particle contact, exit, and retention in the physical models:   File titled “Exit trajectories and contacts”  Column A: physical model type Column B: experimental trial date Column C: individual particle number Column D: category of exit trajectory assigned Column E: number of contacts for each individual particle Column F: average number of slots between contacts  (Note that “NA” in Column F means “Not Applicable” because Column E states that those particles had only 0 or 1 contact.)   File titled “Horizontal movement” Column A: physical model type Column B: individual particle number Column C: experimental trial number Column D: slot number of first contact Column E: slot number of exit Column F: number of horizontal slots moved by particle   File titled “Slots of exiting and retained particles” The sum of the retained particles and the sum of the exiting particles in each slot are tabulated for each of four trials using the four physical models. The total exiting and retained particles per trial in each slot is also presented as a percentage for each trial.
description: Ansys Fluent 2019 R1 .cas and .dat files can be opened with Ansys
 Fluent 2019 R1 or later versions, or the results included in these files
 can be viewed with CFD-post 2019 R1 (Ansys) or later versions. CFD-post
 software included in 'Ansys Student' software can be used for
 this. This software is currently provided for free to run on Windows, and
 can be downloaded from https://www.ansys.com/academic/students/ansys-student