cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3535/ckq-1mr-89a
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/qt9-0z5-eph
title: Achillea ptarmica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccngsnj
title: CCDC 610038: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: T.Matsumoto, Y.Nakaya, N.Itakura, K.Tatsumi|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2458|doi:10.1021/ja711325f
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/56q-qh4-c5y
title: Hermannia angularis Jacq.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/8yt-1l6-rkm
title: Achillea ptarmica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/kd1-682-xmg
title: Achillea roseoalba Ehrend.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr04d8
title: CCDC 685329: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: R.P.Singh, K.Bartelson, Yi Wang, Heng Su, Xiaojie Lu, Li Deng|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2422|doi:10.1021/ja078251w
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr0574
title: CCDC 685355: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: T.Matsumoto, Y.Nakaya, N.Itakura, K.Tatsumi|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2458|doi:10.1021/ja711325f
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/1p1-hpc-akb
title: Hippocrepis comosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/3mn-j5b-ne9
title: Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/gn1-d76-ryb
title: Aster alpinus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr0440
title: CCDC 685321: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: J.D.Masuda, K.C.Jantunen, O.V.Ozerov, K.J.T.Noonan, D.P.Gates, B.L.Scott, J.L.Kiplinger|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2408|doi:10.1021/ja7105306
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr04f9
title: CCDC 685330: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: R.P.Singh, K.Bartelson, Yi Wang, Heng Su, Xiaojie Lu, Li Deng|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2422|doi:10.1021/ja078251w
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/0dv-6fy-dw5
title: Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/8sn-4gr-mbm
title: Veronica austriaca L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/b5p-cv8-0j7
title: Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr0451
title: CCDC 685322: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: J.D.Masuda, K.C.Jantunen, O.V.Ozerov, K.J.T.Noonan, D.P.Gates, B.L.Scott, J.L.Kiplinger|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2408|doi:10.1021/ja7105306
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr04gb
title: CCDC 685331: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: C.Bazzicalupi, A.Bencini, A.Bianchi, E.Faggi, C.Giorgi, S.Santarelli, B.Valtancoli|2008|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|130|2440|doi:10.1021/ja7106977
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/279-9ct-yqf
title: Thalictrum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/t2l-pc2-2dg
title: Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/xkm-p25-0rn
title: Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqz460
title: CCDC 684362: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: S.Yamaguchi, K.Uehara, K.Kamata, K.Yamaguchi, N.Mizuno|2008|Chem.Lett.|37|328|doi:10.1246/cl.2008.328
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/377-9dj-n2k
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/b05-1yf-7yy
title: Adenostyles glabra (Mill.) DC.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/xnf-nkg-9r3
title: Trifolium dalmaticum Vis.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr0967
title: CCDC 685478: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: T.McElroy, J.B.Thomas, G.A.Brine, H.A.Navarro, J.Deschamps, F.I.Carroll|2008|Synthesis|2008|943|doi:10.1055/s-2008-1032185
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccr0978
title: CCDC 685479: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: T.McElroy, J.B.Thomas, G.A.Brine, H.A.Navarro, J.Deschamps, F.I.Carroll|2008|Synthesis|2008|943|doi:10.1055/s-2008-1032185
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/02d-14m-q27
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cak-dzw-pzm
title: Astragalus onobrychis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/e7x-gpq-4pg
title: Adenostyles glabra subsp. glabra (Mill.) DC.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqc5v2
title: CCDC 666154: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: G.Periyasami, R.Raghunathan, G.Surendiran, N.Mathivanan|2008|Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.|18|2342|doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.065
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqh2hr
title: CCDC 669894: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Xiaojin Li, U.H.Manjunatha, M.B.Goodwin, J.E.Knox, C.A.Lipinski, T.H.Keller, C.E.Barry III, C.S.Dowd|2008|Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.|18|2256|doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.011
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/9w7-v6d-b9j
title: Astragalus onobrychis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/tnk-rgr-tc0
title: Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kern.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqh2js
title: CCDC 669895: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Xiaojin Li, U.H.Manjunatha, M.B.Goodwin, J.E.Knox, C.A.Lipinski, T.H.Keller, C.E.Barry III, C.S.Dowd|2008|Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.|18|2256|doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.011
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqh3dp
title: CCDC 669922: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Y.Aoyagi, Y.Hitotsuyanagi, T.Hasuda, S.Matsuyama, H.Fukaya, K.Takeya, R.Aiyama, T.Matsuzaki, S.Hashimoto|2008|Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.|18|2459|doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.039
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/32a-gnw-jra
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/797-jzg-fqt
title: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/q0n-dp7-8gw
title: Astragalus oroboides Hornem.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/ccp234z
title: CCDC 627630: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Kai Jiang, Xiaoqiang Wang, Liya Wang, Baoli Zhao|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|410|doi:10.1080/00958970701339208
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqh3gr
title: CCDC 669924: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Y.Aoyagi, Y.Hitotsuyanagi, T.Hasuda, S.Matsuyama, H.Fukaya, K.Takeya, R.Aiyama, T.Matsuzaki, S.Hashimoto|2008|Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.|18|2459|doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.039
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/038-cep-d24
title: Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kern.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cks-n8g-8gf
title: Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/vb0-w04-b57
title: Achillea roseoalba Ehrend.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/cc9zd4s
title: CCDC 297325: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Shu-Zhong Zhan, De-Sheng Sun, Jian-Ge Wang, Jie-Yu Zhou, An-Qi Liang, Jia-Yin Su|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|550|doi:10.1080/00958970701364826
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccqzky5
title: CCDC 684788: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Shu-Zhong Zhan, De-Sheng Sun, Jian-Ge Wang, Jie-Yu Zhou, An-Qi Liang, Jia-Yin Su|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|550|doi:10.1080/00958970701364826
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/0fe-0ls-ghm
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/mw7-tz5-eey
title: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/p13-1yx-qx0
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/cc9l0xs
title: CCDC 285445: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: P.A.Ajibade, G.A.Kolawole, P.O'Brien, J.Raftery, M.Helliwell|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|328|doi:10.1080/00958970701338770
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc9l0yt
title: CCDC 285446: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: P.A.Ajibade, G.A.Kolawole, P.O'Brien, J.Raftery, M.Helliwell|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|328|doi:10.1080/00958970701338770
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/4db-978-mtg
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cm6-jz7-d3p
title: Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/ctz-vwp-45e
title: Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5517/cc9l10x
title: CCDC 285448: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: P.A.Ajibade, G.A.Kolawole, P.O'Brien, J.Raftery, M.Helliwell|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|328|doi:10.1080/00958970701338770
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/cc9mnn6
title: CCDC 287018: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ming Li, Jiang-Feng Xiang, Shuo-Ping Chen, Si-Min Wu, Liang-Jie Yuan, Hua Li, Han-Jiang He, Ju-Tang Sun|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|372|doi:10.1080/00958970701332583
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.37f5rz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1145 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Aextoxicon punctatum",
 "Country is Chile",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1145 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034197-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/pk2-01e-shs
title: Astragalus norvegicus Grauer

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/v3s-b9t-dyv
title: Achillea ptarmica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/xjw-109-fpb
title: Adenostyles glabra (Mill.) DC.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17385916
title: Dataset & Experimental Results

description: > **⚠️ For IEEE Access Reviewers**

>

> Here are the examples mentioned in the paper:

>

> - Dataset Prompt Comparison in datasets/prompt_comparison/prompt_comparison.pdf

> - RQ2 Qualitative Analysis in results/rq2_qualitative_analysis/summary/summary.pdf


This repository contains the experimental data and analysis for a research study demonstrating how **Test-Driven Prompting (TDP)** significantly improves AI code generation across multiple programming languages and difficulty levels. All experimental data, statistical analysis, and qualitative comparisons are included.


## What is Test-Driven Prompting?


Instead of just asking an AI to write code, Test-Driven Prompting includes example test cases in the prompt. This helps the AI understand exactly what the code should do, similar to how human programmers use test-driven development.


![alt text](methodology_overview.png)


## Key Findings


Our study tested 8 different AI models (GPT-4, Claude, Qwen) on 3 programming benchmarks and found:


- 🎯 **Universal Improvement**: TDP worked better in 100% of test cases (16/16 model-dataset combinations)

- 📈 **Significant Gains**: Average 6.09% improvement in code generation success rates, statistical results: (95% CI: [4.01, 8.18], p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 1.08)

- 🚀 **Efficiency Boost**: Smaller AI models with TDP can outperform larger models using normal prompts

- 💡 **Biggest Impact**: Most helpful for problems with unclear or implicit requirements


The findings suggest that including test cases in your prompts to AI coding assistants can significantly improve the quality of generated code, especially for complex or ambiguous programming tasks.


## Authors


**Muhammad Rizqullah** (mrizqullah@stu.kau.edu.sa) and **Emad Albassam** (ealbassam@kau.edu.sa)

Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia


*Corresponding author: Muhammad Rizqullah. Any enquiries about the research should be directed to him.*


## Publication Status


This research is currently under review at [IEEE Access](https://ieeeaccess.ieee.org/), a Scopus Q2 and Web of Science SCIE Q2 journal with an Impact Factor of 3.6.


## Repository Structure


- `datasets/` - Programming problems and test cases from HumanEval, MBPP, and Code Contests

- `raw_results/` - Complete experimental results for each AI model and dataset combination

- `results/` - Statistical analysis and comparison reports

- `abstract/` - Academic paper abstract with statistical findings


## Source Code Availability


Source code of the experimentation framework is available here: https://github.com/madnanrizqu/model-agnostic-empirical-evaluation-of-test-driven-prompt-engineering
DOI: 10.5517/ccb1jrm
title: CCDC 299390: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ming Li, Jiang-Feng Xiang, Shuo-Ping Chen, Si-Min Wu, Liang-Jie Yuan, Hua Li, Han-Jiang He, Ju-Tang Sun|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|372|doi:10.1080/00958970701332583
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccb1jsn
title: CCDC 299391: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Ming Li, Jiang-Feng Xiang, Shuo-Ping Chen, Si-Min Wu, Liang-Jie Yuan, Hua Li, Han-Jiang He, Ju-Tang Sun|2008|J.Coord.Chem.|61|372|doi:10.1080/00958970701332583
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.3535/3gf-8eh-5lx
title: Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/png-eks-t2q
title: Xanthoria aphrodites Kalb, Poelt & S. Y. Kondr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.