cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7304546.v1
title: Reaction of wheat plants and alternative hosts to Magnaporthe oryzae

description: ABSTRACT: Blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, has a major impact on wheat farming. The study of plant responses to pathogens has improved the management of this disease. Moreover, it is important to identify potential host plants in the crops’ vicinity and to understand reactions caused by plant-pathogen interactions. The objective of this study was to assess the histopathology of wheat plants, Digitaria insularis and Digitaria sanguinalis inoculated with M. oryzae isolates obtained either rice or wheat plants. Thirty-three days after sowing, greenhouse-grown plants of all three species were inoculated with each M. oryzae isolate. The observed effects (48 hours after inoculation) differed depending on the particular interaction between each pathogen isolate-plant species pair. For instance, wheat and D. sanguinalis had the weakest defensive response against spore germination, production of melanized appressoria, and appressorial penetration, with average values above 87, 90, and 43%, respectively, for these events in these plants. Furthermore, germination and appressoria melanization were more aggressive in the rice isolate than in the wheat isolate. Additionally, evidence for a defensive response (such as cell death) was observed in wheat plants inoculated with rice isolates. However, such a response was absent in plants inoculated using wheat isolates, presumably because pathogen recognition failed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7304594
title: Plant extracts with potential to control of two-spotted spider mite

description: ABSTRACT: Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a species of great economic importance to Brazil. In its control, the main option is the use of synthetic miticides, which, if used indiscriminately, can contaminate the environment, farmers and consumers. In the search for control alternatives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts and essential oils on females of this pest. For this, T. urticae females, reared in laboratory, were sprayed in Potter tower. Fourteen plants were tested in the form of aqueous extracts (AE), hydroethanolic extracts (HE) or essential oils (EO). The experimental plot consisted of a Petri dish with a Canavalia ensiformis L. leaf disk containing five T. urticae females, using ten plates per treatment. Mortality evaluations were performed 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after spraying, recording the number of dead females on the disc and the number of dead females on the moistened cotton. We considered that females found on cotton were repelled by treatments. Matricaria chamomilla L. HE and Pimpinella anisum L. AE have acaricidal effect for females, providing above 83% of mortality, after 120 hours. Origanum vulgare L. HE causes at least 75% mortality after 24 hours. Also 120 hours after spraying, P. anisum HE and O. vulgare AE cause repellency of females above 16%, and A. absinthium HE exceeds 22% for this parameter. The results stimulate further researches to determine the optimum dose and evaluation of additional effects on the fertility of surviving females.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7304594.v1
title: Plant extracts with potential to control of two-spotted spider mite

description: ABSTRACT: Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a species of great economic importance to Brazil. In its control, the main option is the use of synthetic miticides, which, if used indiscriminately, can contaminate the environment, farmers and consumers. In the search for control alternatives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts and essential oils on females of this pest. For this, T. urticae females, reared in laboratory, were sprayed in Potter tower. Fourteen plants were tested in the form of aqueous extracts (AE), hydroethanolic extracts (HE) or essential oils (EO). The experimental plot consisted of a Petri dish with a Canavalia ensiformis L. leaf disk containing five T. urticae females, using ten plates per treatment. Mortality evaluations were performed 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after spraying, recording the number of dead females on the disc and the number of dead females on the moistened cotton. We considered that females found on cotton were repelled by treatments. Matricaria chamomilla L. HE and Pimpinella anisum L. AE have acaricidal effect for females, providing above 83% of mortality, after 120 hours. Origanum vulgare L. HE causes at least 75% mortality after 24 hours. Also 120 hours after spraying, P. anisum HE and O. vulgare AE cause repellency of females above 16%, and A. absinthium HE exceeds 22% for this parameter. The results stimulate further researches to determine the optimum dose and evaluation of additional effects on the fertility of surviving females.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368095
title: Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

description: ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368095.v1
title: Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

description: ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7304681
title: Induction of resistance to Colletotrichum truncatum in lima bean

description: ABSTRACT: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) is one of the major diseases of the lima bean culture, found in production fields, causing decrease in productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of abiotic and biotic inducers applied in lima bean plants to reduce anthracnose severity. Lima bean accessions were used and treated with: the abiotic inducers calcium silicate (Agrosilício Plus) and silicate clay (Rocksil), using the 3 g dose.L-1; the biotic inducer citric biomass extract (Ecolife), at the dose of 3 mL.L-1; and distilled water as control. To evaluate the resistance induction, the results of severity and degree of resistance of fava bean at 7, 11, 15, 19 and 23 days after inoculation were considered according to the scale of grades and classes of reactions. The design was a randomized block in a factorial arrangement 4 × 15 (treatments × hits) with four blocks. Resistance inducers Agrosilicon Plus, Ecolife and Rocksil have potential to be used in the management of anthracnose in fava bean. The studied accesses showed degree of resistance, being able to be explored in relation to obtaining anthracnose resistant cultivars in future breeding programs of this crop.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7304681.v1
title: Induction of resistance to Colletotrichum truncatum in lima bean

description: ABSTRACT: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) is one of the major diseases of the lima bean culture, found in production fields, causing decrease in productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of abiotic and biotic inducers applied in lima bean plants to reduce anthracnose severity. Lima bean accessions were used and treated with: the abiotic inducers calcium silicate (Agrosilício Plus) and silicate clay (Rocksil), using the 3 g dose.L-1; the biotic inducer citric biomass extract (Ecolife), at the dose of 3 mL.L-1; and distilled water as control. To evaluate the resistance induction, the results of severity and degree of resistance of fava bean at 7, 11, 15, 19 and 23 days after inoculation were considered according to the scale of grades and classes of reactions. The design was a randomized block in a factorial arrangement 4 × 15 (treatments × hits) with four blocks. Resistance inducers Agrosilicon Plus, Ecolife and Rocksil have potential to be used in the management of anthracnose in fava bean. The studied accesses showed degree of resistance, being able to be explored in relation to obtaining anthracnose resistant cultivars in future breeding programs of this crop.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368089.v1
title: Can Bacillus thuringiensis affect the biological variables of natural enemies of Lepidoptera?

description: ABSTRACT: The entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used as one of the ingredients in pest control formulations, but researches conducted on its effect on non-target organisms are still in the nascent stage. This investigation aimed to uncover if Bt treated with Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and pupae could affect the biological variables of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), all of which established natural enemies of leaf defoliator caterpillars in the eucalyptus culture. Larvae of T. molitor were fed on wheat bran containing different concentrations of B. thuringiensis (0.00; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 2.00 and 4.00 g Agree/kg bran). When the larvae attained size of about 2 cm, they were used as prey for P. nigrispinus (Bioassay I), and their pupae used as hosts for P. elaeisis (Bioassay II). Only the biological variables oviposition period and egg numbers by posture of the predator P. nigrispinus were altered. The biological variables of P. elaeisis were not altered, since it was possible to use these control methods within the integrated pest management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368083
title: Seeds of weeds as an alternative host of phytopathogens

description: ABSTRACT: Weeds compete with agricultural crops for water, light, nutrients and space, besides having an extensive seed bank. However, another aspect to be considered relates to few studies pointing out weeds as hosts of phytopathogenic fungi. Many fungi, the main cause of diseases in plants, are known to use seeds as an efficient means of survival and dispersal. The objective of this work was to evaluate the health of weed seeds and the pathogenicity of fungi associated to plants of agricultural importance. The seeds were collected manually in Cerrado areas located in the municipality of Gurupi, Tocatins, Brazil. The blotter test method was used to evaluate seed health. The incidence of fungi was evaluated through an individual analysis of seeds using a stereoscopic and an optical microscope. The pathogenicity of fungi from weed seeds was evaluated by inoculation in plants of agronomic interest and, when pathogenic, we inoculated them in the host plant of the fungus. Weed seeds have been identified in fungi of the genus Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Papularia, Rhizopus and Pythium. The seeds of Acanthospermum australe, Bidens pilosa, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria horizontalis, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Eleusine indica, Ipomoea sp., Pennisetum setosum, Sida rhombifolia, Spermacoce latifolia, Tridax procumbens and Vernonia polyanthes carry and disseminate fungi that, once inoculated, cause infection in plants of agricultural importance, such as Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays and Glycine max.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368089
title: Can Bacillus thuringiensis affect the biological variables of natural enemies of Lepidoptera?

description: ABSTRACT: The entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used as one of the ingredients in pest control formulations, but researches conducted on its effect on non-target organisms are still in the nascent stage. This investigation aimed to uncover if Bt treated with Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and pupae could affect the biological variables of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), all of which established natural enemies of leaf defoliator caterpillars in the eucalyptus culture. Larvae of T. molitor were fed on wheat bran containing different concentrations of B. thuringiensis (0.00; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 2.00 and 4.00 g Agree/kg bran). When the larvae attained size of about 2 cm, they were used as prey for P. nigrispinus (Bioassay I), and their pupae used as hosts for P. elaeisis (Bioassay II). Only the biological variables oviposition period and egg numbers by posture of the predator P. nigrispinus were altered. The biological variables of P. elaeisis were not altered, since it was possible to use these control methods within the integrated pest management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368119.v1
title: Assessment of the oxidative metabolism of calves’ bronchoalveolar cells: comparison between NBT and fluorimetric techniques

description: ABSTRACT: Evaluation of alveolar macrophage functions of cattle is an important tool in order to assess whether measures taken during the cattle husbandry can decrease the respiratory tract defense. The aim of this study was to determine whether dexamethasone used at therapeutic dose can affect the oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages of cattle. This was evaluated by two tests, the fluorometric and colorimetric. The similarity of the results was studied, using alveolar macrophages of six healthy cattle, obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage on a basal and an immunosuppressant moment after the application of dexamethasone. For the fluorometric test, alveolar macrophages were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus and 2’-7’dichlorohidroflurescein, and analyzed by flow cytometer. For the colorimetric test, alveolar macrophages were incubated with Phorbol 12- miristate-13 acetate and nitroblue tetrazolium, dissolved and analyzed in a spectrophotometer. It was noted that dexamethasone therapeutic dose (0.05 mg/kg) reduced the functions of alveolar macrophages from healthy bovine. This result was observed by both tests with the difference that the flow cytometry assay was more informative for identifying which specific cellular function has been compromised.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368119
title: Assessment of the oxidative metabolism of calves’ bronchoalveolar cells: comparison between NBT and fluorimetric techniques

description: ABSTRACT: Evaluation of alveolar macrophage functions of cattle is an important tool in order to assess whether measures taken during the cattle husbandry can decrease the respiratory tract defense. The aim of this study was to determine whether dexamethasone used at therapeutic dose can affect the oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages of cattle. This was evaluated by two tests, the fluorometric and colorimetric. The similarity of the results was studied, using alveolar macrophages of six healthy cattle, obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage on a basal and an immunosuppressant moment after the application of dexamethasone. For the fluorometric test, alveolar macrophages were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus and 2’-7’dichlorohidroflurescein, and analyzed by flow cytometer. For the colorimetric test, alveolar macrophages were incubated with Phorbol 12- miristate-13 acetate and nitroblue tetrazolium, dissolved and analyzed in a spectrophotometer. It was noted that dexamethasone therapeutic dose (0.05 mg/kg) reduced the functions of alveolar macrophages from healthy bovine. This result was observed by both tests with the difference that the flow cytometry assay was more informative for identifying which specific cellular function has been compromised.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368092
title: The influence of Tween 80 on laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju and the efficiency of crude enzyme broth in the removal of bisphenol-A

description: ABSTRACT: Bisphenol-A is currently considered an environmental pollutant, capable of interfering in the endocrine system of organisms and causing alterations in its development and reproductive system. An alternative method to the chemical treatment of this pollutant has been the use of oxidative enzymes, especially laccases produced by fungi. In order to reduce production costs, agro-industrial waste can be used in the culture medium composition. Nonionic surfactants, which are only slightly toxic to biological membranes, can be applied, as well as Tween 80, to facilitate the excretion of these enzymes into the culture medium. The objectives of this work were: a) characterize the immersion water of banana straw used in the formulation of the culture medium; b) evaluate laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju in culture medium with and without addition of Tween 80, through shaken flasks; c) evaluate the efficiency of the crude enzyme broth in degrading bisphenol-A. The shaken flasks were incubated at 30°C for 12 days. The immersion water had a C:N ratio of 13.8, ash percentage of 28.6%, and pH close to neutrality. The addition of Tween 80 on the culture medium (7.5%, m/v) yielded laccase activity and productivity values equal to 3,016.47 U L-1 and 502.7 U L-1 day-1, respectively. These values were 50 and 33.5 times higher than those obtained in the culture medium without addition of Tween 80 for laccase activity and productivity, respectively. The crude enzyme broth degraded 100% of bisphenol-A after 48 hours, regardless of concentration (500, 750 and 1,000 mg L-1).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368092.v1
title: The influence of Tween 80 on laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju and the efficiency of crude enzyme broth in the removal of bisphenol-A

description: ABSTRACT: Bisphenol-A is currently considered an environmental pollutant, capable of interfering in the endocrine system of organisms and causing alterations in its development and reproductive system. An alternative method to the chemical treatment of this pollutant has been the use of oxidative enzymes, especially laccases produced by fungi. In order to reduce production costs, agro-industrial waste can be used in the culture medium composition. Nonionic surfactants, which are only slightly toxic to biological membranes, can be applied, as well as Tween 80, to facilitate the excretion of these enzymes into the culture medium. The objectives of this work were: a) characterize the immersion water of banana straw used in the formulation of the culture medium; b) evaluate laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju in culture medium with and without addition of Tween 80, through shaken flasks; c) evaluate the efficiency of the crude enzyme broth in degrading bisphenol-A. The shaken flasks were incubated at 30°C for 12 days. The immersion water had a C:N ratio of 13.8, ash percentage of 28.6%, and pH close to neutrality. The addition of Tween 80 on the culture medium (7.5%, m/v) yielded laccase activity and productivity values equal to 3,016.47 U L-1 and 502.7 U L-1 day-1, respectively. These values were 50 and 33.5 times higher than those obtained in the culture medium without addition of Tween 80 for laccase activity and productivity, respectively. The crude enzyme broth degraded 100% of bisphenol-A after 48 hours, regardless of concentration (500, 750 and 1,000 mg L-1).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7368098.v1
title: Glyphosate, isolated or in associations, at agronomic performance and seed quality of the RR®2 soybean

description: ABSTRACT: The “second generation” of glyphosate-tolerant soybean (RR®2 soybean) was developed through a different technique of insertion of the glyphosate-insensitive EPSPs gene. Information on the selectivity of glyphosate, alone or in combination, in RR2 soybean is lacking. This study evaluated the effects of glyphosate, isolated or in associations, applied at post-emergence (V4), at agronomic performance and seed quality of soybean cultivar NS 6700 IPRO (RR2). The experimental design was randomized block with four replications and seven treatments, conducted in the field for two growing seasons. The treatments consisted of glyphosate herbicide, alone or in combination with clethodim, cloransulam, chlorimuron, lactofen and fluazifop, besides the control without application. Analysis was performed for crop injury, Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) index, as well as variables related to agronomic performance (height, number of pods per plant, yield and 1,000-seed weight) and seed quality (vigor, germination, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds). An additional test was conducted with the same cultivar and treatments in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The herbicides did not affect agronomic performance and seed quality of RR2 soybean. Thus, the soybean cultivar NS 6700 IPRO (RR2) was tolerant to glyphosate, alone or combined with other herbicides applied in post-emergence (V4).