DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qfttm7
title: An expanded character set for evaluating the phylogenetic position of Homo floresiensis

description: The hominin character matrix of Dembo et al. (2016) has been updated with
 additional character states for Ar. ramidus, Au. anamensis, H. antecessor,
 and H. floresiensis.  These characters were published and
 described in Wood (2020).
description: From Mongle et al. (2019), I added 48 character states from Table
 4 for <i>Ardipithecus ramidus</i>, with the following
 exceptions: Characters missing from Dembo:
 SG53, CW2, CW22, CW40, CW48, KRJ6, KRJ25 Characters
 already coded: KRJ11, SG25 In addition, the
 description of SG42 matches that of Dembo235, but the character state does
 not match at all.  SG42 was omitted from this modified dataset.
 From Haile-Selassie et al. (2019), I added 50
 character states for <i>Australopithecus anamensis</i>.  I
 scored character 87, zygomaticoalveolar crest, as “curved” for
 <i>Homo antecessor</i>, based on Trafi et al. (2018).  In
 addition, I added 84 character states for <i>Homo
 floresiensis</i> based on Argue et al (2017) (29 characters) and my
 own study of published anatomical descriptions and photographs of fossils
 (55 characters).   All modified character states for <i>H.
 floresiensis</i> are documented below. Finally,
 the character states are supplied in two forms.  The polarized set follows
 the original character state codings from Dembo et al. (2016), and for the
 unpolarized set, all characters were recoded so that character state zero
 referred exclusively to the absence of a character state.
 <b>References</b> Argue, Debbie,
 Colin P. Groves, Michael S.Y. Lee, and William L. Jungers.  2017.  “The
 affinities of <i>Homo floresiensis</i> based on phylogenetic
 analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters.” 
 <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i> 107: 107-133.
 Baab, Karen
 L., Peter Brown, Dean Falk, Joan T. Richtsmeier, Charles F. Hildebolt,
 Kirk Smith, and William Jungers.  2016.  “A critical evaluation of the
 Down Syndrome diagnosis for LB1, type specimen of <i>Homo
 floresiensis</i>.”  <i>PLoS ONE</i> 11 (6):
 e0155731. Brown, P., T.
 Sutikna, M.J. Morwood, R.P. Soejono, Jatmiko, E. Wayhu Saptomo, and Rokus
 Awe Due.  2004.  “A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of
 Flores, Indonesia.”  <i>Nature</i> 431:1055-1061.
 Brown,
 Peter and Tomoko Maeda.  2009.  Liang Bua <i>Homo
 floresiensis</i> mandibles and mandibular teeth: a contribution to
 the comparative morphology of a new hominin species.  <i>Journal of
 Human Evolution</i> 57: 571-596. Falk, Dean,
 Charles Hildebolt, Kirk Smith, M.J. Morwood, Thomas Sutikna, Peter Brown,
 Jatmiko, E. Wayhu Saptomo, Barry Brunsden, and Fred Prior.  2005.  “The
 brain of LB1, <i>Homo floresiensis</i>.” 
 <i>Science</i> 308: 242-245. Haile-Selassie,
 Y., S.M. Melillo, A. Vazzana, S. Benazzi, and T.M. Ryan.  2019.  A
 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia. 
 <i>Nature</i> 573:214–219. Kaifu, Yousuke,
 Hisao Baba, Thomas Sutikna, Michael J. Morwood, Daisuke Kubo, E. Wahyu
 Saptomo, Jatmiko, Rokhus Due Awe, and Tony Djubiantono.  2011. 
 “Craniofacial morphology of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>:
 Description, taxonomic affinities, and evolutionary implication.” 
 <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i> 61: 644-682. Kaifu, Yousuke,
 Reiko T. Kono, Thomas Sutikna, Emanuel Wahyu Saptomo, Jatmiko, and Rokus
 Due Awe.  2015a.  “Unique dental morphology of <i>Homo
 floresiensis</i> and its evolutionary implications.”  <i>PLoS
 ONE</i> 10 (11): e0141614. Kaifu, Yousukke,
 Reiko T. Kono, Thomas Sutikna, E. Wahyu Saptomo, Jatmiko, Rokus Due Awe,
 and Hisao Baba.  2015b.  “Descriptions of the dental remains of
 <i>Homo floresiensis</i>.”  <i>Anthropological
 Science</i> 123 (2): 129-145. Mongle, Carrie
 S., David S. Strait, and Frederick E. Grine.  2019.  Expanded character
 sampling underscores phylogenetic stability of <i>Ardipithecus
 ramidus</i> as a basal hominin.  <i>Journal of Human
 Evolution</i> 131:28-39. Trafi, Francesc
 Ribot, Mario García Bartual, and Qian Wang.  2018.  The affinities of Homo
 antecessor – a review of craniofacial features and their taxonomic
 validity.  <i>Anthropological Review</i>
 81(3):225-251. Wood, Todd. 
 2020.  An expanded character set for evaluating the phylogenetic position
 of <i>Homo
 </i><i>fl</i><i>oresiensis</i>.  In
 <i>Program of the 89th Annual Meeting of the American Association of
 Physical Anthropologists April 15-18, 2020</i>, ed. Steven R. Leigh,
 312.  Los Angeles, CA: American Association of Physical
 Anthropologists.
description: Information
 on <em>Homo floresiensis </em>characters in Readme
 file.