cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15dzh
title: Serial section images of Oikopleura dioica larva using SBF-SEM

description: The larvacean, Oikopleura dioica is a planktonic chordate, which is an
 emerging model organism with short life cycle of 5 days and belongs to
 tunicates (urochordates). Organ formation in the trunk proceeds in seven
 hours form hatching of tailbud larvae at three hours after fertilization
 (hpf) to completion of organ formation in fully functional juveniles that
 start feeding at 10 hpf and are just miniature of adult form. The dataset
 is serial section images of Oikopleura dioica juvenile that were obtained
 using SBF-SEM (Serial block face scanning electron microscopy). The 1812
 TIFF images were compressed to a zip file. The larva were fixed at 3 hours
 post fertilization, 10 min after hatching (Nishida, H., 2008 Development
 of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica: culture, genome, and cell
 lineages. Dev. Growth Differ. 50, S239–S256.). The dataset would be used
 as a basic morphological data of this animal to explore organ structures
 and cellular composition at electron microscopic level. This data is
 related to the paper, 3D reconstruction of structures of hatched larva and
 young juvenile of the larvacean Oikopleura dioica using SBF-SEM.
 (Scientific Reports, 2021, 11, 4833)
 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83706-y).
description: SBF-SEM observation was performed using a Merlin scanning
 electron microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany) equipped with a
 3View in-chamber ultramicrotome system (Gatan, Pleasanton, CA). The serial
 slice thickness was 70 nm. Images were recorded with an accelerating
 voltage of 1.3 kV and a dwell time of 1.0 µs. The image size was 12,000 x
 12,000 pixels, with a resolution of 8 nm, which covers an area of 96 µm x
 96 µm. After 2 x 2 binning of the images to reduce noise, the image stack
 was automatically aligned using ‘Register Virtual Stack Slices’ in the
 Fiji/ImageJ software. For a 3 hr larva, 1812 images were
 acquired. 
description: To look at the image sequence, one can open the folder in
 ImageJ/Fiji software at Virtual stack mode. Each TIFF file in the folder
 is also able to be opened with conventional picture viewers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30488834
title: New Cretaceous Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands

description: New Cretaceous Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zw3r2286c
title: Safety and efficacy of remote ischemic postconditioning after thrombolysis in patients with stroke

description: Objective: To determine the effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning
 (RIPC) on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing intravenous
 thrombolysis (IVT). Methods: A single-center, randomized controlled trial
 was performed with AIS patients receiving IVT. Patients in the RIPC group
 were administered RIPC treatment (after IVT) during hospitalization. The
 primary endpoint was a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS)
 at day 90. The safety, tolerability and neuroprotection biomarkers
 associated with RIPC were also examined. Results: We collected data from
 both RIPC (n=34) and controls (n=34). The average duration of
 hospitalization was 11.2 days. There was no significant difference between
 the two groups at admission for the NIHSS score (p=0.364) or occur to
 treatment time (p=0.889). An excellent recovery (mRS 0–1) at 3 months was
 obtained in 71.9% of the patients in the RIPC group vs 50.0% in the
 control group (adjusted risk ratio, 9.85; 95% CI, 1.54 to 63.16; P =
 0.016). We further found significantly lower plasma S100 β
 (p=0.007) and higher vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.003) levels
 in the RIPC group than in controls. Conclusions: Repeated RIPC combined
 with IVT can significantly facilitate recovery of nerve function and
 improve clinical prognosis of patients with AIS.
description: The baseline characteristics of patients with acute ischemic
 stroke was collectd  before IV tPA. National Institutes of Health Stroke
 Scale (NIHSS), the Barthel index (BI) and the modified Rankin Score (mRS)
 were measured before IV tPA, at discharge and at 90 days after stroke. we
 also collected the safety markers such as the three-month mortality, the
 incidence of any symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sICH) (European
 Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III classification) and early
 neurological deterioration (END: NIHSS increase ≥4 between baseline and 24
 h post-baseline). Venous blood was drawn before the administration of IV
 tPA and at the end of hospitalization.Plasma biomarker
 concentrations were blindly assessed by quantitative sandwich ELISA kits
 (Uscn Life Science, Wu Han, China) on previously frozen (stored at −80°C)
 blood samples. All
 statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical
 package. Discrete variables were represented as frequencies and
 percentages, and were compared using a Chi-squared test. Distribution of
 continuous variables was examined using a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. 95%
 confidence intervals (CI) and odds ratios (OR) were analyzed by binary
 logistic regression for the primary and secondary outcomes, taking
 prespecified adjustment variables (age, baseline NIHSS and mRS) into
 account. Continuous variables were compared using an ANCOVA (analysis of
 covariance) or independent Student’s t-tests. The risk ratio for the
 primary and secondary outcome was adjusted for age and stroke severity
 (baseline NIHSS score). For all analyses, a two-sided p&lt;0.05 was
 considered statistically significant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30488834.v1
title: New Cretaceous Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands

description: New Cretaceous Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30488834.v2
title: New Cretaceous Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands

description: New Cretaceous Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tqjq2bvwq
title: Impact of national drug pricing policy 2018 on access to medicines in Lahore Division, Pakistan: A pre-post survey study using WHO/HAI methodology

description: Objective: To evaluate the impact of new national drug pricing policy
 (NDPP) 2018 on the access to medicines in terms of prices, availability,
 and affordability. Design: Two cross-sectional surveys were undertaken
 before and after the launch of NDPP 2018, using a modified WHO/HAI
 methodology. Setting: Four districts of Lahore division,
 Pakistan.  Participants: 16 public sector hospitals and 16
 private sector retail pharmacies. Measures: The pre- and post-survey data
 on prices and availability of Lowest Price Generics (LPGs) and Originator
 Brands (OBs) of 50 medicines were obtained by visiting the same public and
 private sector health facilities (n=32). Out of 50, 46 surveyed medicines
 were from National Essential Medicines List (NEML). Inflation-adjusted
 median unit prices (MUPs) and median price ratios (MPRs) from 2019 were
 used for price comparison. Affordability was calculated in terms of number
 of days’ wages required to get a standard treatment by the lowest paid
 unskilled government worker. Results: The overall mean percent
 availabilities remained poor in both years i.e. far less than 80%. In
 public sector, the mean percent availability of OBs improved from 6.8% to
 33.1% whereas, in case of LPGs it was reduced from 35.1% to 9%. In private
 sector, the mean percent availability of both OBs and LPGs demonstrated
 slight improvements in 2019 i.e. 55.0% to 58.3% and 20.3% to 32.3%. The
 adjusted MUPs and MPRs of OBs significantly increased by a median of 4.29%
 (Wilcoxon test p=0.001, p=0.0001).  Whereas, the adjusted MUPs
 and MPRs of LPGs were increased by a median of 15.7% (p=0.002, p=0.0002).
 Overall the affordability of many medicines for common ailments reduced
 significantly in 2019. Conclusions: The availability of medicines slightly
 improved, except in the case of LPGs which was reduced at public sector.
 The implementation of NDPP 2018 led to increase in drug prices, making the
 standard treatment for some of the most prevalent ailments unaffordable.
 So verily, the drug pricing policy must be reviewed to ensure access to
 essential medicines.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69pfz
title: Does evolutionary relatedness predict ecological similarity?

description: A fundamental question in paleobiology is whether ecology is correlated
 with evolutionary history. By combining time-calibrated phylogenetic trees
 with genus occurrence data through time, we can understand how
 environmental preferences are distributed on a tree and evaluate support
 for models of ecological similarity. Exploring parameters that lend
 support to each evolutionary model will help address questions that lie at
 the nexus of the evolutionary and ecological sciences. We calculated
 ecological difference and phylogenetic distance between species pairs for
 83 taxa used in recent phylogenetic revisions of the brachiopod order
 Strophomenida. Ecological difference was calculated as the pairwise
 distance along gradients of water depth, carbonate, and latitudinal
 affinity. Phylogenetic distance was calculated as the pairwise branch
 length between tips of the tree. Our results show no relationship between
 ecological affinity and phylogeny. Instead results suggest an ecological
 burst during the initial radiation of the clade. This pattern likely
 reflects scaling at the largest macroevolutionary and macroecological
 scales preserved in the fossil record. Hierarchical scaling of ecological
 and evolutionary processes is complex, but phylogenetic paleoecology is an
 avenue for better evaluating these questions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1d7
title: Genetic divergence and local adaptation of Liriodendron driven by heterogeneous environments

description: Ecological adaptive differentiation alters both the species diversity and
 intraspecific genetic diversity in forests, thus affecting the stability
 of forest ecosystems. Therefore, knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of
 the ecological adaptive differentiation of forest species is critical for
 effective species conservation. In this study, single-nucleotide
 polymorphisms (SNPs) from population transcriptomes were used to
 investigate the spatial distribution of genetic variation in Liriodendron
 to assess whether environmental variables can explain genetic divergence.
 We examined the contributions of environmental variables to population
 divergence and explored the genetic underpinnings of local adaptation
 using a landscape genomic approach. Niche models and statistical analyses
 showed significant niche divergence between L. chinense and L. tulipifera,
 suggesting that ecological adaptation may play a crucial role in driving
 interspecific divergence. We detected a new fine-scale genetic structure
 in L. chinense, and divergence of the six groups occurred during the late
 Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed
 significant associations between genetic variation and multiple
 environmental variables. Environmental association analyses identified 67
 environmental association loci (EALs; nonsynonymous SNPs) that underwent
 interspecific or intraspecific differentiation, 28 of which were
 associated with adaptive genes. These 28 candidate adaptive loci provide
 substantial evidence for local adaptation in Liriodendron. Our findings
 reveal ecological adaptive divergence pattern between Liriodendron species
 and provide novel insight into the role of heterogeneous environments in
 shaping genetic structure and driving local adaptation among populations,
 informing future L. chinense conservation efforts. 
description: <b>SNPcalling_result_16592.tped</b> The set of all 16,592 SNPs for 80 individuals in PLINK.tped format. <b>SNPcalling_result_16592.tfam</b> The .tfam file, in PLINK format, that corresponds to SNPcalling_result_16592.tped. This file has the sample names for 80 individuals from <i>Liriodendron</i>. <b>Environmental_variables</b> The 12 environmental variables used in this study. <b>R_scripts</b> R scripts used in redundancy analysis (RDA). <b>Occurrence_records</b> The filtered 601 occurrence records used to generate niche models.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nvx0k6dq9
title: Supplementary materials for: Female‐female aggression in a cooperatively breeding bird during the non‐breeding period: The behavioral strategy to maintain long‐term partnerships

description: Social monogamy evolves in association with biparental care. However,
 males who tend to pursue multiple mating are expected to place less value
 on established partnerships, whereas females do the opposite to ensure
 males'participation in rearing offspring. Accordingly, selection is
 expected to favor paired females to behave aggressively towards females
 that approach their social mates. For species with long-term partnerships,
 female-female aggression commonly observed during the breeding period
 should also occur in the non-breeding period. We look at whether these
 expectations are held up by conducting a field experiment in Tibetan
 ground tits Pseudopodoces humilis, a cooperatively breeding bird that has
 lifetime monogamy and forms new pair bonds in winter. Paired but not
 unpaired females were more aggressive towards the same-sex than towards
 opposite-sex intruders experimentally introduced into the winter group
 territory, an indication that paired females may be protecting
 partnerships. Both paired and unpaired males, on the other hand, displayed
 aggression almost equally against intruders of both sexes, indicating a
 likely function in territory defense. Our work provides the first evidence
 for the female’s role in maintaining long-term monogamy during the
 non-breeding period in birds, and contributes to the recent progress
 regarding intrasexual competition between females as a component of sexual
 selection.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr7zf
title: Data from: To migrate or not: drivers of over-summering in a long-distance migratory shorebird

description: The phenomenon of over-summering in southern non-breeding areas by
 boreal-breeding birds is particularly prevalent among shorebirds. Despite
 its frequency, it is understudied compared with most other aspects of
 shorebird ecology. Our aim was to expand knowledge of this subject through
 a study of Red Knots Calidris canutus rufa over-summering at a site in
 Argentina during the austral winter. We measured the proportion of
 one-year-old and adult over-summerers and evaluated the roles of
 flight-feather condition and physiological status (through leukocite
 profile, physiological stress index, and presence of blood parasites) as
 triggers for over-summering. We also explore sex-ratio, the evolution of
 body mass and extent of breeding plumage within each age-class.
 Over-summerers were 57% yearlings and 43% adults, 46% females and 54%
 males. Almost all yearlings exhibited incomplete molt of primary feathers
 and some were in active primary molt. This suggests that the condition of
 flight-feathers and the timing of molt are likely to be important factors
 selecting for deferred migration during the first year of life. Other
 factors, not associated with flight-feather molt, seem to trigger
 over-summering in adults, which had completed flight feather molt but had
 low fat loads and/or incomplete alternate plumage. We found no evidence of
 a weakened immune system, high loads of blood parasites, or high stress
 levels that can explain this poor migratory conditioning and therefore
 over-summering. Our data indicates that our adult age-class comprises both
 young individuals postponing first breeding until they are at least two
 years old and sexually mature individuals with prior reproductive
 experience skipping a breeding opportunity. Breeding propensity and age at
 first breeding are both poorly known, but key demographic parameters that
 determine population growth. This study suggests that potentially they can
 be estimated from mark-recapture at non-breeding areas and this warrants
 further study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2fqz615x
title: Data from: Topography, more than land cover, explains genetic diversity in a Neotropical savanna treefrog

description: Aim: Effective conservation policies rely on information about population
 genetic structure and the connectivity of remnants of suitable habitat.
 The interaction between natural and anthropogenic discontinuities across
 landscapes can uncover the relative contributions of different barriers to
 gene flow, with direct consequences for decision-making in conservation.
 Therefore, we aimed to quantify the relative roles of land cover and
 topographic variables on the population genetic differentiation and
 diversity of a stream-breeding savanna treefrog (Bokermannohyla
 ibitiguara) across its range. Location: Serra da Canastra mountain range,
 Cerrado of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Methods: We collected and extracted
 DNA samples from 12 populations within and outside a strictly protected
 park, and used 17 microsatellite markers to assess genetic structure,
 among-population differentiation, and within-population diversity
 measures. We incorporated landscape data derived from digital models and
 satellite images to create connectivity matrices to correlate with genetic
 differentiation using Mantel tests. We used generalized linear models and
 path analyses to assess the roles of each landscape variable in shaping
 genetic diversity in this species. Results: Populations within and outside
 the park boundaries belonged to four genetic clusters. Most populations
 showed evidence of limited gene flow, with significant genetic
 differentiation, except for those within the park, which also had higher
 levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity. However, genetic
 differentiation among populations in this landscape was primarily
 explained by topographic complexity. Likewise, within-population genetic
 measures were best explained by models including elevation and topographic
 complexity, and not the amount of natural habitat or gallery forests. Main
 conclusions: Our results underscore that topography may be a strong
 historical factor shaping genetic structure among amphibian populations.
 Therefore, effective conservation strategies for endangered amphibians
 should avoid focusing exclusively on habitat suitability, and incorporate
 topographic complexity, which seems to be a key factor for the fauna of
 the extremely threatened Brazilian savanna.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkkzh
title: Data from: Impact of agricultural weathering on physicochemical properties of biodegradable plastic mulch films: comparison of two diverse climates over four successive years

description: Biodegradable plastic mulch films (BDMs) are essential in the production
 of vegetable and specialty crops due to their promotion of increased crop
 yield and quality. Unlike conventional polyethylene (PE) mulches, BDMs can
 be tilled into the soil after crop harvest to undergo biodegradation,
 thereby leading to minimal environmental impact. Agricultural weathering
 impacts both the performance of BDMs during crop production as a barrier
 to weeds and biodegradability of BDMs in the soil. To better understand
 the relative importance of climatic factors, the change of physicochemical
 properties of BDMs during single-season, 3-4 month, field trials for
 vegetable production at two diverse climates (Knoxville, TN and Mount
 Vernon, WA) across four successive years (2015-2018) was evaluated. Mulch
 treatments consisted of four commercially available BDMs composed
 primarily of polybutylene co-adipate- co-terephthalate (PBAT) that
 differed in color and polymeric feedstock, a black experimental BDM
 prepared from polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA/PHA) blend, and
 conventional PE mulch. Mulch deterioration did not vary extensively
 between years. Solar radiation, an important factor to degradation of
 mulches, was higher in WA than TN in most sampling years. Yet, degradation
 occurred more greatly for BDMs in TN, which is attributable to higher
 temperatures in TN. Loss of mechanical properties and color was greater
 than chemical property changes. Differences in the extent of molecular
 weight decrease between years correlated significantly with solar
 radiation exposure at the two locations. A black-colored PBAT-based BDM
 was less susceptible to degradation than equivalent clear and
 white-on-black films, due to carbon black acting as a photostabilizer. The
 impact of weathering also differed between three commercially available
 PBAT-based films. The PLA/PHA mulch was more susceptible to degradation
 than PBAT-based BDMs, particularly in the warmer location, TN, partially
 due to a leaching out of PHA and lower-molecular weight polymer molecules.
 The extent of change for physicochemical properties of BDMs due to
 agricultural weathering is greatly affected by polymeric composition, and
 is greater in warmer climates.
description: The methodologies include colorimetry, tensil strength testing,
 NMR and FTIR spectroscopies, gel content (via Soxhlet extraction), and
 thermogravimetric analyses. All data were properly assessed using
 statistical analysis. Further detail is given in the Experimental section
 of the publication.
description: The Excel file contains the data used to prepare the figures. Raw
 data is available upon request (dhayes1@utk.edu)