cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121520
title: Supplementary Material for: Die klinische Signifikanz des Präventionsprogramms für Expansives Problemverhalten (PEP) im Langzeitverlauf

description: <i>Hintergrund:</i> Lerntheoretisch orientierte Elterntrainings gelten als effektive Präventions- und Interventionsmethode zur Reduzierung expansiver Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Kindesalter. Interventionseffekte werden hierbei meist im statistischen Gruppenvergleich überprüft. Unser Präventionsprogramm für Expansives Problemverhalten (PEP) war sowohl in einer Kontrollgruppenstudie als auch in einer Anwendungsstudie in der Lage, kindliches Problemverhalten zu reduzieren. Die vorliegende Analyse überprüft die langfristige klinische Signifikanz dieser Veränderungen. <i>Material und Methoden:</i> Mithilfe eines Screeninginstruments wurde eine Stichprobe expansiv auffälliger Kindergartenkinder identifiziert. In einer Kontrollgruppe (KG: n = 34), einer Erziehertrainingsgruppe (ER: n = 21) und einer Eltern-und-Erzieher-Trainingsgruppe (EL+ER: n = 38) wurde das kindliche Problemverhalten vor und bis 30 Monate nach dem PEP-Training erhoben. Die klinische Relevanz der Trainingseffekte wurde anhand des von Jacobson und Truax vorgeschlagenen Maßes für klinische Signifikanz überprüft. <i>Ergebnisse:</i> In einer Messwiederholungsvarianzanalyse zeigten sich keine gruppenspezifischen Verläufe im Untersuchungszeitraum. Klinisch signifikante Verbesserungen erzielten in der kombinierten EL+ER-Gruppe 34,2% der Kinder, in der ER-Gruppe 28,6% und in der KG je nach Instrument 17,6% bzw. 32,4%. In der EL+ER-Gruppe waren diese Verbesserungen bereits unmittelbar nach Interventionsende vorhanden (36,8% bzw. 39,5%), während sich in der KG von Prä nach Post lediglich 20,6% klinisch signifikant verbesserten. Die ER-Gruppe weist zum Postzeitpunkt 42,9% klinisch relevant gebesserte Kinder auf. <i>Schlussfolgerungen:</i> Das Problemverhalten wird in der kombinierten Interventionsgruppe früher relevant reduziert als in der Kontrollgruppe. PEP scheint somit in der Lage, eine Reduktion von Problemverhalten, die auch in der Kontrollgruppe zu beobachten ist, früher anzustoßen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121529.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Gene Expression Profiles of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Survival Prediction and New Biomarkers

description: <i>Objectives:</i> Despite the well-defined histological types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a given stage is often associated with wide-ranging survival rates and treatment outcomes. This disparity has led to an increased demand for the discovery and identification of new informative biomarkers. <i>Methods:</i> In the current study, we screened 81 NSCLC samples using Illumina® whole-genome gene expression microarrays in an effort to identify differentially expressed genes and new NSCLC biomarkers. <i>Results:</i> We identified novel genes whose expression was upregulated in NSCLC, including SPAG5, POLH, KIF23, and RAD54L, which are associated with mitotic spindle formation, DNA repair, chromosome segregation, and dsDNA break repair, respectively. We also identified several novel genes whose expression was downregulated in NSCLC, including SGCG, NLRC4, MMRN1, and SFTPD, which are involved in extracellular matrix formation, apoptosis, blood vessel leakage, and inflammation, respectively. We found a significant correlation between RNA degradation and survival in adenocarcinoma cases. <i>Conclusions:</i> Even though the follow-up time was too limited to draw final conclusions, we were able to show better prediction p values in a group selection based on molecular profiles compared to histology. The current study also uncovered new candidate biomarker genes that are likely to be involved in diverse processes associated with NSCLC development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121532.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Systematic Reviews of Topical Fluorides for Dental Caries: A Review of Reporting Practice

description: This paper aims to assess systematic reviews on the caries-preventive effect of topical fluorides, identifying key content and reporting quality issues to be considered by researchers planning a review in this area. Published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of any topical fluoride intervention for caries control were included. Relevant databases were searched (December 2009), along with reference lists of included publications. Thirty-eight reports were identified and assessed. A majority of these focused on the child/adolescent population, fluoride toothpastes, no treatment/placebo comparisons, and had caries increment as the main outcome. Complete reporting of eligibility criteria (PICOS) was uncommon, except in Cochrane reviews. Less than half reported searching multiple sources and only one third reported a search strategy. Duplicate study selection and data extraction was reported in 27 (71%) and 16 (42%) reviews, respectively; quality assessment of included studies was not reported in one third of the reviews. Meta-analysis was reported in 20 (52%) reviews, with six not reporting the methods of synthesis used, 17 formally assessing heterogeneity, and 12 reporting analyses for its exploration. This study shows that some content features have been covered more often than others in existing fluoride reviews, while some relevant features are yet to be addressed. Also, reporting of several methodological aspects are below an acceptable level, except for Cochrane reviews. Current reporting guidelines for systematic reviews of interventions (e.g. PRISMA) and sources of high-quality existing reviews (e.g. The Cochrane Library) should be closely followed to enhance the validity and relevance of future topical fluoride reviews.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121514
title: Supplementary Material for: Bactericidal Activity of Mouse α-Defensin Cryptdin-4 Predominantly Affects Noncommensal Bacteria

description: Mouse Paneth cell α-defensins, termed cryptdins, are secreted into the intestinal lumen, have microbicidal activity, and contribute to intestinal innate immunity. Among them, cryptdin-4 (Crp4) has the most potent microbicidal activity. In the intestinal lumen, commensal bacteria colonize and elicit beneficial effects in the host. However, the effects of Crp4 against commensal bacteria are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the bactericidal activities of Crp4 against commensal bacteria compared to noncommensal bacteria. Oxidized Crp4 showed only minimal or no bactericidal activity against 8 out of 12 commensal bacterial species, including <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i>. We further addressed a role of the conserved disulfide bonds of Crp4 by analyzing reduced Crp4 (r-Crp4). r-Crp4 demonstrated significantly greater bactericidal activities against 7 of 12 commensal bacteria than did oxidized Crp4. Oxidized Crp4 and r-Crp4 elicited equivalently potent bactericidal activities against 11 of the 11 noncommensal bacteria tested, such as <i>Salmonella enterica </i>serovar Typhimurium,and against 5 of 12 commensal bacteria. Furthermore, when r-Crp4 was exposed to a processing enzyme of cryptdins, i.e. MMP-7, r-Crp4 was degraded and the bactericidal activities disappeared. These findings suggest that Crp4 has selective bactericidal activities against intestinal microbiota and that the activities are dependent on the disulfide bonds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121517
title: Supplementary Material for: Impact of <i>gsp</i> Oncogene on the mRNA Content for Somatostatin and Dopamine Receptors in Human Somatotropinomas

description: <i>Introduction:</i> It has been reported in some series that <i>gsp</i>+ somatotropinomas are more sensitive to somatostatin analogues (SA) and dopamine’s actions which may be related to their somatostatin receptor (SSTR) and dopamine receptor (DR) profile. No previous studies have been undertaken to evaluate the SSTR and DR profile related with the <i>gsp</i> status in somatotropinomas. <i>Objectives:</i> To determine if (1) <i>gsp</i> status is correlated with response to octreotide LAR (LAR) and tumor expression patterns of SSTR1-5 and DR1-5 and (2) cAMP level can directly modulate SSTR and DR mRNA levels. <i>Methods:</i> Response to SA was evaluated by GH and IGF-I percent reduction after 3 and 6 months of treatment with LAR. Conventional PCR and sequencing were used to identify <i>gsp</i>+ tumors. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine SSTR and DR tumor expression. Primary pituitary cell cultures of primates were used to study whether SSTR and DR expression is regulated by forskolin. <i>Results:</i> The response to LAR did not significantly differ between patients with <i>gsp</i>+ and <i>gsp</i>– tumors; however, <i>gsp</i>+ tumors expressed higher levels of SSTR1, SSTR2, DR2 and a lower level of SSTR3. Forskolin increased SSTR1, SSTR2, DR1 and DR2 expression in cell cultures. <i>Conclusion:</i> Elevated SSTR1, SSTR2, and DR2 tumor expression may help improve responsiveness to SA and DA therapy; however, this study may not have been appropriately powered to observe significant effects in the clinical response. Elevated cAMP levels could be directly responsible for the upregulation in SSTR1, SSTR2 and DR2 mRNA levels observed in <i>gsp</i>+ patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12905864
title: Supplementary Material for: Imaginal Retraining Reduces Cigarette Smoking: A Randomized Controlled Study

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Smoking is a highly prevalent addictive behavior with severe and life-shortening health consequences. This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (ABM) (i.e., imaginal retraining) for the reduction of craving for tobacco and actual smoking behavior. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We randomized 345 smokers to imaginal retraining (self-help manual) or a control group (either active control or wait-list control). Assessments were carried out online. The treatment interval was 6 weeks. Craving for tobacco represented the primary outcome. The study was registered as DRKS00016860. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Retention was 79.7% with no difference between groups. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses were significant for the primary outcome (Visual Analogue Scale on craving for tobacco) as well as subjective reduction of smoking (45.5 vs. 26.4%) in favor of imaginal retraining. In the treatment group, 47.6% performed the exercises at least once. This subgroup (per-protocol [PP] sample) showed a significant reduction in tobacco dependency as measured with the Cigarette Dependence Scale (short and long forms) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence relative to controls. Number of daily cigarettes declined to a greater extent in imaginal retraining in the PP but not ITT analysis. A small dose-effect relationship emerged between craving and frequency of performance of the technique. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> When used regularly, imaginal retraining may reduce craving for tobacco and actual smoking behavior in a subgroup of smokers. In view of the large subgroup that did not read the manual or did not perform the exercises, alternative ways of conveying the imaginal retraining technique should be sought (e.g., demonstration via video clips). To conclude, imaginal retraining may represent a simple low-threshold technique to reduce smoking and assist current evidence-based treatment programs targeted at abstinence. It needs to be tested whether its mechanism of action deviates from standard ABM.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121511
title: Supplementary Material for: BMP-2 and TGFβ2 Shared Pathways Regulate Endocardial Cell Transformation

description: Valvular heart disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Revealing the cellular processes and molecules that regulate valve formation and remodeling is required to develop effective therapies. A key step in valve formation during heart development is the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of a subpopulation of endocardial cells in the atrioventricular cushion (AVC). The type III transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβR3) regulates AVC endocardial cell EMT in vitro and mesenchymal cell differentiation in vivo. Little is known concerning the signaling mechanisms downstream of TGFβR3. Here we use endocardial cell EMT in vitro to determine the role of 2 well-characterized downstream TGFβ signaling pathways in TGFβR3-dependent endocardial cell EMT. Targeting of Smad4, the common mediator Smad, demonstrated that Smad signaling is required for EMT in the AVC and TGFβR3-dependent EMT stimulated by TGFβ2 or BMP-2. Although we show that Smads 1, 2, 3, and 5 are required for AVC EMT, overexpression of Smad1 or Smad3 is not sufficient to induce EMT. Consistent with the activation of the Par6/Smurf1 pathway downstream of TGFβR3, targeting ALK5, Par6, or Smurf1 significantly inhibited EMT in response to either TGFβ2 or BMP-2. The requirement for ALK5 activity, Par6, and Smurf1 for TGFβR3-dependent endocardial cell EMT is consistent with the documented role of this pathway in the dissolution of tight junctions. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TGFβR3-dependent endocardial cell EMT stimulated by either TGFβ2 or BMP-2 requires Smad4 and the activation of the Par6/Smurf1 pathway.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121514.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Bactericidal Activity of Mouse α-Defensin Cryptdin-4 Predominantly Affects Noncommensal Bacteria

description: Mouse Paneth cell α-defensins, termed cryptdins, are secreted into the intestinal lumen, have microbicidal activity, and contribute to intestinal innate immunity. Among them, cryptdin-4 (Crp4) has the most potent microbicidal activity. In the intestinal lumen, commensal bacteria colonize and elicit beneficial effects in the host. However, the effects of Crp4 against commensal bacteria are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the bactericidal activities of Crp4 against commensal bacteria compared to noncommensal bacteria. Oxidized Crp4 showed only minimal or no bactericidal activity against 8 out of 12 commensal bacterial species, including <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i>. We further addressed a role of the conserved disulfide bonds of Crp4 by analyzing reduced Crp4 (r-Crp4). r-Crp4 demonstrated significantly greater bactericidal activities against 7 of 12 commensal bacteria than did oxidized Crp4. Oxidized Crp4 and r-Crp4 elicited equivalently potent bactericidal activities against 11 of the 11 noncommensal bacteria tested, such as <i>Salmonella enterica </i>serovar Typhimurium,and against 5 of 12 commensal bacteria. Furthermore, when r-Crp4 was exposed to a processing enzyme of cryptdins, i.e. MMP-7, r-Crp4 was degraded and the bactericidal activities disappeared. These findings suggest that Crp4 has selective bactericidal activities against intestinal microbiota and that the activities are dependent on the disulfide bonds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121517.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Impact of <i>gsp</i> Oncogene on the mRNA Content for Somatostatin and Dopamine Receptors in Human Somatotropinomas

description: <i>Introduction:</i> It has been reported in some series that <i>gsp</i>+ somatotropinomas are more sensitive to somatostatin analogues (SA) and dopamine’s actions which may be related to their somatostatin receptor (SSTR) and dopamine receptor (DR) profile. No previous studies have been undertaken to evaluate the SSTR and DR profile related with the <i>gsp</i> status in somatotropinomas. <i>Objectives:</i> To determine if (1) <i>gsp</i> status is correlated with response to octreotide LAR (LAR) and tumor expression patterns of SSTR1-5 and DR1-5 and (2) cAMP level can directly modulate SSTR and DR mRNA levels. <i>Methods:</i> Response to SA was evaluated by GH and IGF-I percent reduction after 3 and 6 months of treatment with LAR. Conventional PCR and sequencing were used to identify <i>gsp</i>+ tumors. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine SSTR and DR tumor expression. Primary pituitary cell cultures of primates were used to study whether SSTR and DR expression is regulated by forskolin. <i>Results:</i> The response to LAR did not significantly differ between patients with <i>gsp</i>+ and <i>gsp</i>– tumors; however, <i>gsp</i>+ tumors expressed higher levels of SSTR1, SSTR2, DR2 and a lower level of SSTR3. Forskolin increased SSTR1, SSTR2, DR1 and DR2 expression in cell cultures. <i>Conclusion:</i> Elevated SSTR1, SSTR2, and DR2 tumor expression may help improve responsiveness to SA and DA therapy; however, this study may not have been appropriately powered to observe significant effects in the clinical response. Elevated cAMP levels could be directly responsible for the upregulation in SSTR1, SSTR2 and DR2 mRNA levels observed in <i>gsp</i>+ patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12905864.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Imaginal Retraining Reduces Cigarette Smoking: A Randomized Controlled Study

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Smoking is a highly prevalent addictive behavior with severe and life-shortening health consequences. This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (ABM) (i.e., imaginal retraining) for the reduction of craving for tobacco and actual smoking behavior. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We randomized 345 smokers to imaginal retraining (self-help manual) or a control group (either active control or wait-list control). Assessments were carried out online. The treatment interval was 6 weeks. Craving for tobacco represented the primary outcome. The study was registered as DRKS00016860. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Retention was 79.7% with no difference between groups. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses were significant for the primary outcome (Visual Analogue Scale on craving for tobacco) as well as subjective reduction of smoking (45.5 vs. 26.4%) in favor of imaginal retraining. In the treatment group, 47.6% performed the exercises at least once. This subgroup (per-protocol [PP] sample) showed a significant reduction in tobacco dependency as measured with the Cigarette Dependence Scale (short and long forms) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence relative to controls. Number of daily cigarettes declined to a greater extent in imaginal retraining in the PP but not ITT analysis. A small dose-effect relationship emerged between craving and frequency of performance of the technique. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> When used regularly, imaginal retraining may reduce craving for tobacco and actual smoking behavior in a subgroup of smokers. In view of the large subgroup that did not read the manual or did not perform the exercises, alternative ways of conveying the imaginal retraining technique should be sought (e.g., demonstration via video clips). To conclude, imaginal retraining may represent a simple low-threshold technique to reduce smoking and assist current evidence-based treatment programs targeted at abstinence. It needs to be tested whether its mechanism of action deviates from standard ABM.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121502
title: Supplementary Material for: Prävention sozialer Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Notwendig oder überflüssig?

description: In dem vorliegenden Überblicksbeitrag wird zunächst anhand der Symptomatik und des Verlaufs sozialer Ängste und sozialer Phobien vom Kindes- und Jugendalter bis hin zum Erwachsenenalter deutlich gemacht, dass es notwendig ist, wirksame Präventionsprogramme zu entwickeln, um soziale Ängste von Kindern und Jugendlichen bereits frühzeitig zu reduzieren bzw. einer Chronifizierung und Verschlimmerung entgegenzuwirken. Darauf aufbauend wird der Stand der Forschung zur Prävention sozialer Ängste bzw. sozialer Phobien im Kindes- und Jugendalter vorgestellt und bewertet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121505
title: Supplementary Material for: Apolipoprotein E ε4 Prevalence in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Varies across Global Populations: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

description: <i>Background:</i> The Ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, attributable risk due to APOE4 varies by region and by race/ethnicity. <i>Methods:</i> A literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the prevalence of APOE4 by geographic area among AD patients. <i>Results:</i> Although estimates varied significantly by study design and case definition, AD patients recruited in Asian and southern European/Mediterranean communities seemed to have significantly lower E4 carrier status estimates (37 and 43%) than those recruited in North America (58%) or northern Europe (64%; all: p &lt; 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> APOE4 genotype frequency varies among AD patients in regional patterns similar to that of the general population. Study level differences may also contribute to the heterogeneity of published estimates of APOE4 in AD cases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121508
title: Supplementary Material for: Overexpression of Dyrk1A Causes the Defects in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis

description: Trisomy 21-linked Dyrk1A (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) overexpression is implicated in pathogenic mechanisms underlying mental retardation in Down syndrome (DS). It is known to phosphorylate multiple substrates including endocytic proteins in vitro, but the functional consequence of Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation on endocytosis has never been investigated. Here, we show that overexpression of Dyrk1A causes defects in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and specifically, in the recruitment of endocytic proteins to clathrin-coated pits in fibroblasts. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis also significantly slowed down as a result of Dyrk1A overexpression in cultured hippocampal neurons. These effects are dependent on Dyrk1A kinase activity. The inhibitory effect of Dyrk1A on synaptic vesicle endocytosis was confirmed in neuronal cultures derived from transgenic mice overexpressing Dyrk1A at levels found in DS. Pharmacological blockade of Dyrk1A with epigallocatechin gallate rescued the endocytic phenotypes found in transgenic neurons. Together, our results suggest that aberrant Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation of the endocytic machinery perturbs synaptic vesicle endocytosis, which may contribute to synaptic dysfunctions and cognitive deficits associated with DS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121499
title: Supplementary Material for: Microinflammation in Hemodialysis Patients Is Associated with Increased CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup> Pro-Inflammatory Monocytes: Possible Modification by On-Line Hemodiafiltration

description: <i>Background:</i> An increased percentage of pro-inflammatory CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup> monocytes might contribute to inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible contribution of pro-inflammatory monocytes to inflammation in HD patients and also to evaluate the effect of on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF). <i>Methods:</i> Flow cytometric detection of monocytes in patients undergoing HD, on-line HDF and healthy controls as well as plasma cytokines and cytokine mRNA measurement were performed. <i>Results:</i> Percent pro-inflammatory monocytes, plasma cytokines and cytokine mRNA significantly increased in HD patients. Intracellular cytokine staining showed pro-inflammatory monocytes were the predominant source of tumor necrosis factor-α. Percent pro-inflammatory monocytes positively correlated with plasma inflammatory cytokines. Percent pro-inflammatory monocytes, plasma cytokines and cytokine mRNA significantly decreased in on-line HDF patients. <i>Conclusion:</i> Increased pro-inflammatory monocytes are likely to contribute to inflammation in HD patients, and beneficial effect of on-line HDF might be partially mediated by modulating the inflammatory response.