DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3kp
title: Data from: Host 5-HT affects Plasmodium transmission in mosquitoes via modulating mosquito mitochondrial homeostasis

description: Malaria parasites hijack the metabolism of their mammalian host during the
 blood-stage cycle. Anophelesmosquitoes depend on mammalian blood to
 survive and to transmit malaria parasites. However, it remains
 understudied whether changes in host metabolism affect parasite
 transmission in mosquitoes. In this study, we discovered that Plasmodium
 infection significantly decreased the levels of the tryptophan metabolite,
 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in both humans and mice. The reduction led to
 the decrease of 5-HT in mosquitoes. Oral supplementation of 5-HT to
 Anopheles stephensi enhanced its resistance to Plasmodium berghei
 infection by promoting the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen
 species. This effect was due to the accumulation of dysfunctional
 mitochondria caused by 5-HT-mediated inhibition of mitophagy. Elevating
 5-HT levels in mouse serum significantly suppressed parasite infection in
 mosquitoes. In summary, our data highlight the critical role of
 metabolites in animal blood in determining the capacity of mosquitoes to
 control parasite infection.
description: # Data from: Host 5-HT affects Plasmodium transmission in mosquitoes via
 modulating mosquito mitochondrial homeostasis
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3kp](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3kp) ## Description of the data and file structure We have submitted our **LC/MS data** (Raw_Data: fig.1b-e and s1c), **relative gene expression data** (Raw_Data: fig. 1k, 2a, 3a, 4g, s2f and s4b), **the number of *Plasmodium*** in midgut of *Anopheles* mosquitoes (Raw_Data: fig.1i, 1j, 1m, 2c, 2f, 4h, 4k, 5c, 5h, s2h and s2j ), **5-HT concentration** (Raw_Data: fig. 1f, 1h, 5b, 5e, s1a, s1b,s1f and s5d), **fluorescence signal statistical data** (Raw_Data: fig.2b, 2d, 2e, 3e, 4a, 4d, 4i, 4j, 5g, s2a, s2b, s2g, s2i, s3a and s4a) and **raw images of Western blot** (Raw_Data: fig.3b and 4e). The data order is arranged according to the figure presented in the paper. **LC/MS data:** N: healthy adults/ mice I: *Plasmodium* infected adults/ mice **Relative gene expression data:** Male gametogenesis associated genes: the ribosomal gene of *Plasmodium* (18S), the sexual stage-specific actin isoform (Actin2), calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1), gamete egress and sporozoite traversal protein (GEST), protein phosphatase 1 (PPM1), basal body protein (SAS6), male development gene-1 (MDV1) Immune genes: peptidoglycan recognition proteins (LA, LC and LD), antimicrobial peptide (ATT, CEC, DEF and GAM), complementary system (NOS, PPO, TEP1) and genes related to reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions (NOX, DUOX, CuSOD3, CAT, GSTO1 and UDP) MtDNA: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II (COX1 and COX2) and NADH dehydrogenase 1, 2 and 4 (ND1, 2, and 4) PINK1: Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)—induced kinase 1, is responsible for the initiation of mitophagy **The number of *Plasmodium*:** After being ingested by mosquitoes, *Plasmodium* forms gametes within about 15 minutes. The gametes then undergo fertilization and differentiate into ookinetes within about 24 hours. The ookinetes then traverse the midgut epithelium and form oocysts within about 8 days. **5-HT concentration:** The concentrations of 5-HT in the mosquito analyzed by ELISA Fold change of 5-HT in mosquitoes analyzed by ELISA, the abundance of 5-HT in treated mosquitoes was normalized to that in controls **Fluorescence signal statistical data:** DHE: the intracellular ROS-sensitive dye MitoSox: the mitochondrial superoxide Indicator TMRM: the mitochondrial membrane potential dye Lysotracker: staining of acidic compartments within cells, such as lysosomes **Raw images of Western blot:** ACTIN (42 kDa), TOMM20 (20 kDa), ATP5A (55 kDa), LC3 I (16 kDa) and LC3 II (14 kDa) 5-HT+SPD: 5-HT and spermidine co-treated mosquitoes