cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925935.v1
title: murcia_2010_nitrogen.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.3535/f7s-tzc-hp5
title: Desmana Güldenstädt, 1777

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925938
title: murcia_2000_potassium.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925944
title: murcia_2010_potassium.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.3535/dv8-lqw-182
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ztd-4n5-6vb
title: Porifera Grant, 1836

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925929
title: murcia_2000_nitrogen.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925941
title: murcia_2010_organic_carbon.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925941.v1
title: murcia_2010_organic_carbon.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925950
title: murcia_2010_ph.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.3535/4xt-pd9-5dg
title: Cornuspiramia antillarum (Cushman, 1922)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kvd-kx2-sra
title: Quinqueloculina disparilis d'Orbigny in Schlumberger, 1893

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925932.v1
title: murcia_2000_organic_carbon.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925944.v1
title: murcia_2010_potassium.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29925947
title: murcia_2000_phosphorus.zipSiora Open Soil Nutrient Dataset – Murcia (2000, 2010, 2020)

description: <strong>Title:</strong><br>
Murcia Soil Nutrient Datasets (2000, 2010, 2020) – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, pH
<br>
<strong>Description:</strong><br>
This record contains open satellite-derived soil nutrient maps for the Region of Murcia, Spain. The datasets provide estimates of <strong>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, and pH</strong> at ~30 m spatial resolution for the years <strong>2000, 2010, and 2020</strong>.
<br>
The nutrient values were generated using calibrated multispectral sensing models that detect how soils reflect sunlight across spectral bands. This method parallels laboratory spectroscopy but is applied remotely from Earth-observation satellites. Each dataset is distributed as a single-band GeoTIFF with accompanying heatmaps and documentation.
<br>
<strong>Primary DOI (Zenodo citation):</strong><br>
10.5281/zenodo.16889684<br>
(Please use this Zenodo DOI when citing the dataset.)
<br>
<strong>Key features:</strong>

 Region: Murcia, Spain
 Parameters: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), pH
 Temporal coverage: 2000, 2010, 2020
 Spatial resolution: 30 m
 Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), PNG previews, metadata JSON, README, license
 Coordinate system: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

<strong>Comparable laboratory references:</strong>

 Nitrogen – ISO 11261:1995 (Modified Kjeldahl)
 Phosphorus – ISO 11263:1994 (Spectrometric)
 Potassium – USDA–NRCS (Atomic absorption, NH₄OAc extraction)
 Organic Carbon – ISO 10694:1995 (Dry combustion)
 pH – ISO 10390:2005 (Glass electrode method)

<strong>Suggested applications:</strong>

 Soil fertility and nutrient trend research
 Agricultural management and fertilization planning
 Environmental monitoring and sustainability analysis
 Machine learning model training and validation for remote sensing

<strong>Attribution:</strong><br>
Dataset created and released by Siora, provider of satellite-based soil analysis. If you use this dataset, please credit:<br>
<em>“Siora (2025). Murcia Soil Nutrient Dataset (2000–2020). Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16889684.”</em>