DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8d9j61p
title: Data from: Audio-visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

description: Crossmodal correspondences are intuitively held relationships between
 non-redundant features of a stimulus, such as auditory pitch and visual
 illumination. While a number of correspondences have been identified in
 humans to date (e.g. high pitch is intuitively felt to be luminant,
 angular, and elevated in space), their evolutionary and developmental
 origins remain unclear. Here we investigated the existence of audio-visual
 crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs, and specifically, the known
 human correspondence in which high auditory pitch is associated with
 elevated spatial position. In an audio-visual attention task, we found
 that dogs engaged more with audio-visual stimuli that were congruent with
 human intuitions (high auditory pitch paired with a spatially elevated
 visual stimulus) compared to incongruent (low pitch paired with elevated
 visual stimulus). This result suggests that crossmodal correspondences are
 not a uniquely human or primate phenomenon, and that they cannot easily be
 dismissed as merely lexical conventions (i.e., matching ‘high’ pitch with
 ‘high’ elevation).
description: Pitch-elevation
 crossmodal correspondences data sheet Excel spreadsheet with
 dog ID, looking times for each trial (in s), times tracing the stimulus
 (in s), proportion of time spent looking as % of total looking
 times CM1
 Elevation data NEW.xlsx   There is no missing data in
 this dataset. The following models were run using SPSS 25:
   1) Linear Mixed Model (LMM)
 testing the effect of congruency of the visual stimulus (congruent) and
 the order of presentation (order_in_pres) on the time spent tracing the
 stimulus (trace_stim) as fixed effects with dog ID as a random
 effect.   2) Linear Mixed Model (LMM)
 testing the effect of congruency of the visual stimulus (congruent) and
 the order of presentation (order_in_pres) on duration of looking at the
 stimulus (duration) as fixed effects with dog ID as a random
 effect.   3) Linear Mixed Model (LMM)
 testing the effect of congruency of the visual stimulus (congruent) and
 the order of presentation (order_in_pres) the percentage of time the dog
 spent tracing, out of the total time he/she spent looking (tracing as % of
 duration) as fixed effects with dog ID as a random effect.
description: Data was collected by video recording the dogs' reactions
 during the presentation of audio-visual stimuli. Each row in the data set
 represents a trial (one 8 second audio-visual animation presented to a
 dog). The presentations were projected onto a wall with an overhead
 projector (Eiki Brilliant Projector LC-XB28) and a MacBook Pro laptop. The
 sound was played using two Behringer Europort MPA40BT speakers placed
 adjacent and on both sides of the wall onto which the animations were
 projected. An audio-visual animation of moving insects was projected in
 between each trial as a means of attracting the dogs’ attention to the
 screen. Dogs’ behaviour was recorded using a SONY (Handycam XAVC 5 AVCHD
 Progressive) camera placed on a tripod in front and to the left of the
 dog. There was another camera (SONY Handycam AVCHD Progressive) placed in
 front and to the right of the dog which was sending a live feed to a
 screen monitor placed behind the dog and owner. Data was coded using
 Gamebreaker 10 by two independent raters, blind to the
 condition.  A within subject design was used with each
 dog seeing both the congruent and incongruent version of the audio-visual
 stimulus once. We compared congruent and incongruent conditions, with
 three dependent measures: the <i>duration-of-looking </i>at
 the stimulus (time in seconds each dog spent with its gaze focused on the
 stimulus), <i>time-spent-tracing</i> the stimulus (evidenced
 by the amount of time in seconds each dog spent moving its head up and
 down to follow the stimulus) and the <i>percentage of time the dog
 spent tracing</i>, out of the total time he/she spent looking; i.e.,
 (time-spent-tracing/ duration-of-looking) x100. A linear mixed model was
 run using SPSS v.25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the differences in
 means were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05.