cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228054
title: Woodlot Squirrel Population vs. Campus Squirrel Population

description: Twenty distance based transects were run in woodlots, and twenty more were run on campus. Each transect was 100 paces in length (each pace is equivalent to one complete human stride), and ran in as straight of a line as possible. Two groups were made so that woodlot and campus transects could run simultaneously. On day one, David and Patrick ran 10 transects in the woodlots- 5 in Danby Woods and 5 in Boynton woods. At the same time, Jessie, Marc and Martina ran 10 transects around York University campus walk. While walking along the transect, any squirrel observed was recorded, and it's colour, distance from transect, distance to nearest garbage, whether it was located on vegetation or pavement,its action and food it was eating, was also recorded. The human density and food density of the area the transect was run, was approximated on a scale from 0-2, with 0 being low, 1 being medium and 2 being high. This was done for every transect in the woodlot and on campus. On day 2, the two groups switched locations and ran 10 more transects in their new locations making similar observations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228055.v1
title: Species Diversity and Relationships amongst Interacting Plant Species

description: Methods: In order to better understand species diversity and relationships amongst potentially interacting species, a study was conducted on 14th October 2014 and 21st October 2014 at the Saywell Woodlot located at York University’s Keele campus (43° 46' 9.228"N, 79° 30' 29.556’’W). Beginning with laying a 100ft transect from the edge of the woodlot (closest to The Pond Rd) at a relatively straight line, to the centre of the woodlot, 25 adult trees were chosen using simple random sampling. Each tree was measured for tree diameter at breast height (ft), plant abundance within a 1.0m radius surrounding the tree, number of unique recognizable taxonomic units (rtus) as well as the type of landscape, canopy coverage and soil pH. To maintain consistency, only deciduous trees located 2-3ft perpendicular to the transect were observed and measured. An adult tree was classified as approximately 12.0ft or taller. This experiment was repeated once more the following week (10/21/14) for a total replication of 50 trees. In order to prevent measuring the same trees, the replication numbers 25-30 were measured from edge of the woodlot closest to Shoreham Dr.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228056.v1
title: Data for Inter-annual variability of fledgling sex ratio in king penguins

description: The dataset gives the sex and morphological measurement of king penguin fledglings, as well as the year of their fledging and their hatching period. This is the dataset on which the paper "Inter-annual variability of fledgling sex ratio in king penguins" published in PLoS ONE is based. Here is a summary of this paper: As the number of breeding pairs depends on the adult sex ratio in a monogamous species with biparental care, investigating sex-ratio variability in natural populations is essential to understand population dynamics.<br>Using 10 years of data (2000-2009) in a seasonally monogamous seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), we investigated the annual sex ratio at fledging, and the potential environmental causes for its variation.<br>Over more than 4000 birds, the annual sex ratio at fledging was highly variable (ranging from 44.4% to 58.3% of males), and on average slightly biased towards males (51.6%).<br>Yearly variation in sex-ratio bias was neither related to density within the colony, nor to global or local oceanographic conditions known to affect both the productivity and accessibility of penguin foraging areas. However, rising sea surface temperature coincided with an increase in fledging sex-ratio variability. Fledging sex ratio was also correlated with difference in body condition between male and female fledglings. When more males were produced in a given year, their body condition was higher (and reciprocally), suggesting that parents might adopt a sex-biased allocation strategy depending on yearly environmental conditions and/or that the effect of environmental parameters on chick condition and survival may be sex-dependent.<br>The initial bias in sex ratio observed at the juvenile stage tended to return to 1:1 equilibrium upon first breeding attempts, as would be expected from Fisher’s classic theory of offspring sex ratio variation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228053.v1
title: Squirrel abundance in natural and urban environment

description: <strong>Data collected by: </strong>David, Jessie, Mark, Martina, Patrick <strong>Method: </strong> In order to support our hypothesis that squirrel population is abundant in urban environment compared to natural environment, we set to collect data in habitats representing these two environments. Data for the natural environment was collected from Danby Woods and Boynton Woods on York University Keele Campus. Data for the urban environment was collected from random human populated grounds in York University Keele Campus. A transect of 100 paces was sampled 20 times each in urban and natural environment - 20 on campus, 10 in Danby and 10 in Boynton. The abundance of squirrels, humans, food, colour of the squirrels were noted. The woodlots was the control group as it was the natural environment of the squirrels. Transect Number: Stands for the number of transect sampled. Squirrel Abundance: Number of squirrels found within the visible area in a transect. Distance: Measured in meters. It is the distance away from the transect where a squirrel was spotted. Human Abundance: Measured on a scale of 0 - 2. It is an approximation of human population present in the area where the transect was sampled. 0 - no humans; 1 - less than 5 humans; 2 - more than 5 humans Food Density: Measured on a scale of 0 - 2. It is an approximation of abundance of food present, natural or human food in the area where the transect was sampled. 0 - no humans; 1 - less than 5 humans; 2 - more than 5 humans Colour: The coat colour of the squirrels were noted additionally. Observed colours were grey and black. Location: Transects were sampled randomly on campus and in the woodlots, Danby and Boynton. <strong>Legend:</strong> B - black (colour) G - grey (colour) C - campus (location) BW - Boynton woods (location) DW - Danby woods (location) <strong>Data collected on: </strong>October 14th (Day 1 - 16 degrees) and October 21st (Day 2 - ~10 degrees)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228054.v2
title: Woodlot Squirrel Population vs. Campus Squirrel Population

description: Twenty distance based transects were run in woodlots, and twenty more were run on campus. Each transect was 100 paces in length (each pace is equivalent to one complete human stride), and ran in as straight of a line as possible. Two groups were made so that woodlot and campus transects could run simultaneously. On day one, David and Patrick ran 10 transects in the woodlots- 5 in Danby Woods and 5 in Boynton woods. At the same time, Jessie, Marc and Martina ran 10 transects around York University campus walk. While walking along the transect, any squirrel observed was recorded, and it's colour, distance from transect, distance to nearest garbage, whether it was located on vegetation or pavement,its action and food it was eating, was also recorded. The human density and food density of the area the transect was run, was approximated on a scale from 0-2, with 0 being low, 1 being medium and 2 being high. This was done for every transect in the woodlot and on campus. On day 2, the two groups switched locations and ran 10 more transects in their new locations making similar observations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228054.v1
title: Woodlot Squirrel Population vs. Campus Squirrel Population

description: Twenty distance based transects were run in woodlots, and twenty more were run on campus. Each transect was 100 paces in length (each pace is equivalent to one complete human stride), and ran in as straight of a line as possible. Two groups were made so that woodlot and campus transects could run simultaneously. On day one, David and Patrick ran 10 transects in the woodlots- 5 in Danby Woods and 5 in Boynton woods. At the same time, Jessie, Marc and Martina ran 10 transects around York University campus walk. While walking along the transect, any squirrel observed was recorded, and it's colour, distance from transect, distance to nearest garbage, whether it was located on vegetation or pavement,its action and food it was eating, was also recorded. The human density and food density of the area the transect was run, was approximated on a scale from 0-2, with 0 being low, 1 being medium and 2 being high. This was done for every transect in the woodlot and on campus. On day 2, the two groups switched locations and ran 10 more transects in their new locations making similar observations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228039
title: New insights into the scales of the Devonian tetrapod <i>Tulerpeton curtum</i> Lebedev, 1984

description: SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228038
title: Anatomy and phylogenetic position of <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> Bonaparte, 1970 (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia), from the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic), La Rioja, Argentina

description: ABSTRACT—Ornithosuchidae is a group of Late Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs of controversial phylogenetic affinities. This clade currently comprises three taxa: <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> and <i>Riojasuchus tenuisceps</i>, both from Argentina, and <i>Ornithosuchus longidens</i>, from Scotland. <i>V. rusconii</i> was erected on the basis of an incomplete skull with articulated lower jaws and some elements of the postcranium that are currently lost. <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> is redescribed here and included for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis to test its affinities with ornithosuchids. The bizarre morphology of <i>V. rusconii</i> has a unique combination of traits that distinguishes it from the other ornithosuchids, such as basipterygoid processes directed ventrally, dentary with the dorsal margin of the anterior end dorsally expanded, articular without a foramen on its medial side, and the absence of a surangular foramen, corroborating the validity of this taxon. <i>V. rusconii</i> is recovered as an ornithosuchid more closely related to <i>R. tenuisceps</i> than to <i>O. longidens</i>, based on the presence of a nearly pointed anterior margin of the antorbital fenestra, and a vertical bony strut of the jugal that separates the antorbital fenestra from the infratemporal fenestra.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228039.v2
title: New insights into the scales of the Devonian tetrapod <i>Tulerpeton curtum</i> Lebedev, 1984

description: SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228037
title: <i>Tacuarembemys kusterae</i>, gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Jurassic–?earliest Cretaceous continental turtle from western Gondwana

description: ABSTRACTA new continental turtle, <i>Tacuarembemys kusterae</i>, gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of a partial external mold of the carapace and associated shell bone fragments recovered from the Batoví Member (Late Jurassic–?earliest Cretaceous) of the Tacuarembó Formation, Paraná Basin, Uruguay. The estimated length of the carapace is 18 cm. This new genus and species shows a unique combination of characters: a large nuchal notch, a pair of anterior supernumerary scales, the absence of a cervical scale, and an external surface ornamentation that is macroscopically smooth with some thin linear ridges perpendicular to the margins of the plates and microscopically composed of small, randomly distributed pits. The first two characters resemble those seen in the solemydid <i>Naomichelys speciosa</i> from the Cretaceous of North America, although the ornamentation is markedly different. Although this combination of characters—some shared with other taxa (including cryptodires and pleurodires) and some others that are autapomorphic—allows the recognition of a new genus and species, additional remains are yet needed in order to clarify its phylogenetic relationships. <i>Tacuarembemys kusterae</i> is part of the <i>Priohybodus arambourgi</i> Assemblage Zone, which is of Late Jurassic–?earliest Cretaceous age. This is the first turtle to be discovered in South American continental deposits of that age and thus increases the knowledge on the regional evolution of Mesozoic turtles. The paleoenvironment for this species includes lakes and permanent and ephemeral rivers in arid-to-semiarid climatic conditions.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228039.v1
title: New insights into the scales of the Devonian tetrapod <i>Tulerpeton curtum</i> Lebedev, 1984

description: SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228036
title: A new archosaur from the Manda beds (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of southern Tanzania and its implications for character state optimizations at Archosauria and Pseudosuchia

description: ABSTRACTThe presence of early pseudosuchians and avemetatarsalians in Anisian beds of Africa demonstrates that the archosaur radiation was well underway by the beginning of the Middle Triassic. The rapid radiation produced a variety of forms, but many of the unique, well-diagnosed Late Triassic clades (e.g., Aetosauria, Ornithosuchidae) lack diagnosable members from the Middle Triassic. Here, we introduce a new Middle Triassic archosaur, <i>Nundasuchus songeaensis</i>, gen. et sp. nov., with an unusual mix of apomorphic character states found within Pseudosuchia and just outside Archosauria. The holotype consists of partial skeleton, including representative postcranial elements and parts of the skull. We added <i>Nundasuchus songeaensis</i>, gen. et sp. nov., into the two most comprehensive early archosaur phylogenetic data sets available, and in both analyses the new taxon falls within Pseudosuchia. However, a number of plesiomorphic archosaurian character states (e.g., posterolaterally directed tuber of the calcaneum) optimize as local autapomorphies of the new taxon within Pseudosuchia in our analyses. Therefore, we tested alternative hypotheses of relationships for the new taxon by utilizing constraint trees. The analyses resulted in little change in the relationships and structure of other Triassic archosaur clades, but changed optimizations of certain character states and character support at the base of Pseudosuchia and Archosauria. Our analyses suggest that the complex evolution of character-state changes at the base of Archosauria is inhibiting our understanding of the relationships of early Pseudosuchia and, in turn, Archosauria.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228038.v2
title: Anatomy and phylogenetic position of <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> Bonaparte, 1970 (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia), from the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic), La Rioja, Argentina

description: ABSTRACT—Ornithosuchidae is a group of Late Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs of controversial phylogenetic affinities. This clade currently comprises three taxa: <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> and <i>Riojasuchus tenuisceps</i>, both from Argentina, and <i>Ornithosuchus longidens</i>, from Scotland. <i>V. rusconii</i> was erected on the basis of an incomplete skull with articulated lower jaws and some elements of the postcranium that are currently lost. <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> is redescribed here and included for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis to test its affinities with ornithosuchids. The bizarre morphology of <i>V. rusconii</i> has a unique combination of traits that distinguishes it from the other ornithosuchids, such as basipterygoid processes directed ventrally, dentary with the dorsal margin of the anterior end dorsally expanded, articular without a foramen on its medial side, and the absence of a surangular foramen, corroborating the validity of this taxon. <i>V. rusconii</i> is recovered as an ornithosuchid more closely related to <i>R. tenuisceps</i> than to <i>O. longidens</i>, based on the presence of a nearly pointed anterior margin of the antorbital fenestra, and a vertical bony strut of the jugal that separates the antorbital fenestra from the infratemporal fenestra.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228036.v2
title: A new archosaur from the Manda beds (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of southern Tanzania and its implications for character state optimizations at Archosauria and Pseudosuchia

description: ABSTRACTThe presence of early pseudosuchians and avemetatarsalians in Anisian beds of Africa demonstrates that the archosaur radiation was well underway by the beginning of the Middle Triassic. The rapid radiation produced a variety of forms, but many of the unique, well-diagnosed Late Triassic clades (e.g., Aetosauria, Ornithosuchidae) lack diagnosable members from the Middle Triassic. Here, we introduce a new Middle Triassic archosaur, <i>Nundasuchus songeaensis</i>, gen. et sp. nov., with an unusual mix of apomorphic character states found within Pseudosuchia and just outside Archosauria. The holotype consists of partial skeleton, including representative postcranial elements and parts of the skull. We added <i>Nundasuchus songeaensis</i>, gen. et sp. nov., into the two most comprehensive early archosaur phylogenetic data sets available, and in both analyses the new taxon falls within Pseudosuchia. However, a number of plesiomorphic archosaurian character states (e.g., posterolaterally directed tuber of the calcaneum) optimize as local autapomorphies of the new taxon within Pseudosuchia in our analyses. Therefore, we tested alternative hypotheses of relationships for the new taxon by utilizing constraint trees. The analyses resulted in little change in the relationships and structure of other Triassic archosaur clades, but changed optimizations of certain character states and character support at the base of Pseudosuchia and Archosauria. Our analyses suggest that the complex evolution of character-state changes at the base of Archosauria is inhibiting our understanding of the relationships of early Pseudosuchia and, in turn, Archosauria.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228038.v1
title: Anatomy and phylogenetic position of <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> Bonaparte, 1970 (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia), from the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic), La Rioja, Argentina

description: ABSTRACT—Ornithosuchidae is a group of Late Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs of controversial phylogenetic affinities. This clade currently comprises three taxa: <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> and <i>Riojasuchus tenuisceps</i>, both from Argentina, and <i>Ornithosuchus longidens</i>, from Scotland. <i>V. rusconii</i> was erected on the basis of an incomplete skull with articulated lower jaws and some elements of the postcranium that are currently lost. <i>Venaticosuchus rusconii</i> is redescribed here and included for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis to test its affinities with ornithosuchids. The bizarre morphology of <i>V. rusconii</i> has a unique combination of traits that distinguishes it from the other ornithosuchids, such as basipterygoid processes directed ventrally, dentary with the dorsal margin of the anterior end dorsally expanded, articular without a foramen on its medial side, and the absence of a surangular foramen, corroborating the validity of this taxon. <i>V. rusconii</i> is recovered as an ornithosuchid more closely related to <i>R. tenuisceps</i> than to <i>O. longidens</i>, based on the presence of a nearly pointed anterior margin of the antorbital fenestra, and a vertical bony strut of the jugal that separates the antorbital fenestra from the infratemporal fenestra.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228037.v2
title: <i>Tacuarembemys kusterae</i>, gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Jurassic–?earliest Cretaceous continental turtle from western Gondwana

description: ABSTRACTA new continental turtle, <i>Tacuarembemys kusterae</i>, gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of a partial external mold of the carapace and associated shell bone fragments recovered from the Batoví Member (Late Jurassic–?earliest Cretaceous) of the Tacuarembó Formation, Paraná Basin, Uruguay. The estimated length of the carapace is 18 cm. This new genus and species shows a unique combination of characters: a large nuchal notch, a pair of anterior supernumerary scales, the absence of a cervical scale, and an external surface ornamentation that is macroscopically smooth with some thin linear ridges perpendicular to the margins of the plates and microscopically composed of small, randomly distributed pits. The first two characters resemble those seen in the solemydid <i>Naomichelys speciosa</i> from the Cretaceous of North America, although the ornamentation is markedly different. Although this combination of characters—some shared with other taxa (including cryptodires and pleurodires) and some others that are autapomorphic—allows the recognition of a new genus and species, additional remains are yet needed in order to clarify its phylogenetic relationships. <i>Tacuarembemys kusterae</i> is part of the <i>Priohybodus arambourgi</i> Assemblage Zone, which is of Late Jurassic–?earliest Cretaceous age. This is the first turtle to be discovered in South American continental deposits of that age and thus increases the knowledge on the regional evolution of Mesozoic turtles. The paleoenvironment for this species includes lakes and permanent and ephemeral rivers in arid-to-semiarid climatic conditions.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1228034
title: A novel method of estimating pterosaur skeletal mass using computed tomography scans

description: SUPPLEMENTAL DATASupplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP