DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v15dv4278
title: Geotechnical and hyperspectral dataset for gold tailings

description: This dataset contains hyperspectral and geotechnical data collected from
 300 artificially prepared gold tailings samples. The test specimens were
 prepared in petri dishes under controlled laboratory conditions with
 unique particle size distributions, moisture conditions, and densities.
 The geotechnical parameters of each test specimen were measured using
 applicable ASTM standard methods or calculated, and include percent sand,
 percent silt, percent clay, fines content, solids content, gravimetric
 moisture content, volumetric moisture content, degree of saturation, void
 ratio, porosity, total density, and dry density. Hyperspectral data were
 obtained using an ASD TerraSpec Halo spectrometer, which measures
 reflectance across a wavelength range of 350 to 2500 nm. The spectrometer
 includes three hyperspectral detector arrays, including a visible and
 near-infrared (VNIR) detector with a resolution of 3 nm, a short-wave
 infrared (SWIR) detector with a resolution of 9.8 nm, and a second SWIR
 detector with a resolution of 8.1 nm. For each test specimen, two scans
 were taken at different locations and averaged to produce a single
 reported hyperspectral reflectance. The dataset includes interpolated
 reflectance data at 1 nm intervals. The data are presented in a csv file
 where the first row contains column titles that describe the sample
 identification number, geotechnical parameters, and hyperspectral data.
 Each subsequent row in the dataset contains information about these fields
 for each of the 300 samples.
description: For a full description of the methodology used to collect these
 data, please refer to the associated publication titled <em>Ex Situ
 Hyperspectral Sensing and Machine Learning for Tailings
 Characterization</em> (https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2024-0656). 
description: # Geotechnical and hyperspectral dataset for gold tailings
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v15dv4278](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v15dv4278) ## Description of the data and file structure The dataset (Tailings-Hyperspectral-Dataset-Bindner_et_al.2024.csv) contains hyperspectral and geotechnical data collected from 300 artificially prepared gold tailings samples. ### Files and variables #### **File: Tailings-Hyperspectral-Dataset-Bindner_et_al.2024.csv** **Description:** Dataset containing geotechnical and optical parameters for gold tailings.  **Variables** * Sample_ID: This field ranges from 1-300. Each is associated with a unique combination of particle size distribution, moisture, and density. * PSD_ID: This field ranges from 1-100 and describes the particle size distribution sample that each test specimen (or Sample_ID) was prepared from.  * Sand (%): This describes the mass fraction percent sand (g/g) in percent. Sand is defined as particles greater than 75 µm. Percent sand is equal to the mass of dry sand divided by total dry mass of the sample. * Silt (%): This describes the mass fraction percent silt (g/g) in percent. Silt is defined as particles between 75 μm - 2 µm. Percent silt is equal to the mass of dry silt divided by total dry mass of the sample. * Clay Sized Particles (%): This describes the mass fraction percent clay (g/g) in percent. Clay is defined as particles less than 2 µm. Percent clay is equal to the mass of dry clay divided by total dry mass of the sample. * Fines Content (%): This describes the mass fraction percent fines (g/g) in percent. Fines is defined as particles between less than 75 µm. Percent fines is equal to the mass of dry fines divided by total dry mass of the sample. * Solids Content (%): Solids content describes the mass of solids in the sample divided by the total mass of the sample (i.e. mass of solids and water in the sample). Solids content is expressed as a percentage.  * Gravimetric Moisture Content (%): Describes mass of water divided by the mass of solids in the sample. * Volumetric Moisture Content (%): Describes the volume of water divided by the total volume of the sample.  * Saturation (%): Describes the volume of water divided by the volume of voids (water plus air) in the sample. * Void Ratio: Describes the volume of voids in the sample (water plus air) divided by the volume of solids in the sample.  * Porosity: Describes the volume of voids in the sample (water plus air) divided by the total volume of the sample.  * Total Density (g/cubic cm): Describes the total mass of the sample divided by the total volume of the sample.  * Dry Density (g/cubic cm): Describes the mass of solids in the sample divided by the total volume of the sample.  * 350 nm - 2500 nm: Describes the interpolated wavelengths that reflectance values are reported for.