DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5247q
title: Data from: Behaviourally mediated predation avoidance in penguin prey: in situ evidence from animal-borne camera loggers

description: Predator dietary studies often assume that diet is reflective of the
 diversity and relative abundance of their prey. This interpretation
 ignores species-specific behavioural adaptations in prey that could
 influence prey capture. Here, we develop and describe a scalable
 biologging protocol, using animal-borne camera loggers, to elucidate the
 factors influencing prey capture by a seabird, the gentoo penguin
 (Pygoscelis papua). From the video evidence, we show, for the first time,
 that aggressive behavioural defence mechanisms by prey can deter prey
 capture by a seabird. Furthermore, we provide evidence demonstrating that
 these birds, which were observed hunting solitarily, target prey when they
 are most discernible. Specifically, birds targeted prey primarily while
 ascending and when prey were not tightly clustered. In conclusion, we show
 that prey behaviour can significantly influence trophic coupling in marine
 systems because despite prey being present, it is not always targeted.
 Thus, these predator-prey relationships should be accounted for in studies
 using marine top predators as samplers of mid to lower trophic level
 species.
description: Movie S1: General
 footage overview for gentoo penguinsGeneral overview of
 footage obtained from animal-borne camera loggers attached to Gentoo
 penguins at the Falkland Islands. Examples include: Feeding on lobster
 krill, feeding on large fish, a full dive where the bird feeds on small
 fish then pursues and captures a squid, a full dive where lobster krill on
 the seafloor is ignored and unidentified prey items are shown, lobster
 krill on seafloor being predated upon, and foraging for small
 fish.Handley_movieS1_LowRes.mp4Movie S2: Lobster krill defends against predationExamples of lobster krill actively avoiding predation by gentoo penguins, by defending themselves with their pincers.Handley_movieS2_LowRes.mp4Movie S3: Swarms of lobster krillExamples of gentoo penguins not feeding and feeding off of large swarms of lobster krill.Handley_s3_Swarms_LowRes.wmvMovie S4: Intra and interspecific interactionsExamples of intra and interspecific interactions for gentoo penguins at the Falkland Islands.Handley_s4_Interactions_LowRes.wmvHandleyJM_2017_PenguinPrey_SuppData_RSOSFile: “HandleyJM_GNP_CAM_Analysis.R” • A synthesis of R code used to generate the results presented in the paper File: “GNP_FLK_CAM_PreyDetail.Rdata” • R data file of the annotated camera data used for analyses in the paper File: “P1_AnimalCam_SuppCode_Merge Trips.R” & “P2_AnimalCam_SuppCode_Feeding events.R” • R scripts which require the other supplementary files: - SpeciesX_Location_2013_DepID21_1of3_Vid.csv - SpeciesX_Location_2013_DepID21_2of3_Vid.csv - SpeciesX_Location_2013_DepID21_3of3_Vid.csv - SpeciesX_Location_2013_DepID24_1of3_Vid.csv - SpeciesX_Location_2013_DepID24_2of3_Vid.csv - SpeciesX_Location_2013_DepID24_3of3_Vid.csv File: “P3_AnimalCam_SuppCode_MergeCAMtoTDRandGPS.R” • R script which gives example of how data from multiple devices can be merged, and requires the supplementary R files: - BR14_GNP_FLK_2013_CAM_SuppData.R - BR14_TDR_2013.14_GentooFI_ZOCdives.csv - BR14_2013-14_GentooFI_bf_track.csv