cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79fx
title: Data from: Aridity exacerbates grazing-induced rangeland degradation: a population approach for dominant grasses

description: 1. The current human-induced intensification of grazing pressure and the
 increase of aridity as a result of climate alterations are unprecedented
 and have been identified as the main drivers that cause desertification in
 rangelands worldwide. In these ecosystems, human well-being mostly depends
 on plant species that provide forage for domestic herbivores. However,
 scarce evidence exists about the interaction between regional aridity
 level and human-induced disturbances as determinants of forage plant
 populations’ structure and dynamics. 2. We studied the effects of domestic
 grazing intensification on the population structure of dominant native
 grasses, in three rangeland sites located across a regional aridity
 gradient: a semi-desert (high-aridity site), a shrub-grass steppe
 (intermediate-aridity site) and a grass steppe (low-aridity site). We also
 studied the effect of two-year grazing exclusion on plant growth of a key
 native forage grass species common to the three sites. 3. Grazing
 decreased total grass density and increased the frequency of small plants
 in all sites, particularly for forage species. However, the size of the
 grazing intensification effect was the greatest in the high-aridity site,
 where intensive grazing produced a ten-fold reduction of grass density.
 Moreover, plant recovery (growth) after grazing exclusion was lower as
 aridity increased. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides
 evidence of a negative synergistic effect of grazing pressure and aridity
 that may lead to the collapse of grass populations. Long-term grazing
 intensification degrades the population structure of grasses, particularly
 in high-aridity sites, where the forage provision is substantially
 reduced. These results refute the hypothesis that plant-traits of dominant
 species adapted to high-aridity allow them to resist herbivory. Besides,
 high-aridity delays plant recovery after defoliation (low resilience). The
 management of both the grazing pressure and the length of grazing-rest
 according to the ecological-site aridity are key aspects for maintaining
 the forage provision of rangelands. Monitoring plant populations’
 structure through time and space strengthens inferences about responses of
 forage species to ongoing changes in disturbance and stress regimes. This
 knowledge is complementary to regional and worldwide monitoring endeavors
 based on land cover, and it contributes to the robust design of
 sustainable management of global rangelands.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zw5q
title: Data from: The difference between generalist and specialist: the effects of wide fluctuations in main food abundance on numbers and reproduction of two co-existing predators

description: Specialist individuals within animal populations have shown to be more
 efficient foragers and/or to have higher reproductive success than
 generalist individuals, but interspecific reproductive consequences of the
 degree of diet specialisation in vertebrate predators have remained
 unstudied. Eurasian pygmy owls (hereafter POs) have less vole-specialised
 diets than Tengmalm’s owls (TOs), both of which mainly subsist on
 temporally fluctuating food resources (voles). To test whether the
 specialist TO is more limited by the main prey abundance than the
 generalist PO, we studied breeding densities and reproductive traits of
 co-existing POs and TOs in central-western Finland during 2002-2019.
 Breeding densities of POs increased with augmenting densities of voles in
 the previous autumn, whereas breeding densities of TOs increased with
 higher vole densities in both the previous autumn and the current spring.
 In years of vole scarcity, PO females started egg-laying earlier than TOs,
 whereas in years of vole abundance TO females laid eggs substantially
 earlier than PO females. The yearly mean clutch size and number of
 fledglings produced of both POs and TOs increased with abundance of voles
 in the current spring. POs laid large clutches and produced large broods
 in years of both high and low vole abundance, whereas TOs were able to do
 so only in years of high vole abundance. POs were able to raise on average
 73% of the eggs to fledglings whereas TOs only 44%. The generalist
 foraging strategy of POs including flexible switching from main prey to
 alternative prey (small birds) appeared to be more productive than the
 strictly vole-specialized foraging strategy of TOs. In contrast to earlier
 studies at the individual-level, specialist predators at the species level
 (in this case TOs) appear to be less effective than generalists (POs), but
 diet specialisation was particularly costly under conditions when scarcity
 of main foods limited offspring production.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7h44j0zrr
title: Reef cover classification (v1): internal coral reef class descriptors for global coral reef habitat mapping

description: Reef Cover Classification (version 1) document contains seventeen
 intra-reef geomorphic Reef Cover descriptors, developed for shallow-water
 tropical coral reef habitat mapping. Reef Cover describes spatially
 explicit zonal reef features that can be applied in different academic
 disciplines (e.g. geography, ecology, oceanography, marine sciences,
 marine policy and planning) as a geographical reference (e.g. to support
 political decision making or scientific research). The categorization is
 designed to be simple and inclusive in order to support broad-scale
 comparisons between reef ecosystems to for coral reef research at regional
 to global scales, and to both guide development and aid interpretation of
 global coral reef geomorphic maps.
description: For full methodology please refer to Kennedy EV, Roelfsema, C,
 Lyons M, Kovacs, E, Borrego-Acevedo R, Roe M, Phinn S, Murray N, Larsen K,
 Wolff J, Yuwono D, Tudman P. 2021. Reef Cover: a coral reef classification
 for global habitat mapping from remote sensing. Scientific Data.
 (Scientific Data manuscript number: SDATA-20-00769A-Z).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrks
title: Resolving the Tetrastigma loheri s.l. species complex (Vitaceae) in the Philippines: No evidence for recognizing more than one species

description: Tetrastigma loheri (Vitaceae) is a vine species native to Borneo and the
 Philippines. Because it is a commonly encountered forest species in the
 Philippines, T. loheri is potentially suitable for studying patterns of
 genetic diversity and connectivity among fragmented forest ecosystems in
 various parts of this country. However, previous research suggests that T.
 loheri is part of a species complex in the Philippines (i.e. the T. loheri
 s. l. complex) that potentially also contains Philippine plants identified
 as T. diepenhorstii, T. philippinense, T. stenophyllum, and T.
 trifoliolatum. This uncertainty about its taxonomic delimitation can make
 it challenging to draw conclusions that are relevant to conservation from
 genetic studies using this species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that T.
 loheri s.l. is composed of more than one species in the Philippines. For
 this, we used generalized mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson tree
 process (PTP) species delimitation models to identify clades within DNA
 sequence phylogenies of T. loheri s.l. that might constitute species
 within this complex. Although these methods identified several putative
 species, these are statistically poorly supported and subsequent random
 forest analyses using a geometric morphometric leaf shape dataset and
 several other vegetative characters did not result in the identification
 of characters that can be used to discriminate these putative species
 morphologically. Furthermore, the results of principal component and
 principal coordinates analyses of these data suggest the absence of
 morphological discontinuities within the species complex. Under a unified
 species concept that uses phylogenetic and morphological distinction as
 operational criteria for species recognition, we therefore conclude that
 the currently available data do not support recognizing multiple species
 in the T. loheri s.l. complex. This implies that T. loheri is best
 considered as a single, morphologically variable species when used for
 studying patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity in the
 Philippines.
description: Files include: 1) A read me file
 (Readme_for_TetrastigmaDatasets.pdf) for the datasets from Resolving the
 <em>Tetrastigma loheri</em> s.l. Species Complex (Vitaceae) in
 the Philippines: No Evidence for Recognizing More than One
 Species.  2) Zip file of the datasets
 (Tetrastigma_datasets.zip). 3) Four supplemental
 figures (Figs. S1-S4.tif) showing ITS, ETS, ITS-ETS, and plastid
 (<em>atpB-rbcL</em>, <em>psbA-trnH</em>,
 <em>rps16</em>, and <em>trnL-F</em>) Bayesian
 inference trees for the manuscript, Resolving the <em>Tetrastigma
 loheri</em> s.l. Species Complex (Vitaceae) in the Philippines: No
 Evidence for Recognizing More than One Species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nzs7h44p5
title: Analysis of within-individual variation in extrapair paternity in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) shows low repeatability and little effect of changes in neighborhood

description: Many studies investigated variation in the frequency of extrapair
 paternity (EPP) among individuals. However, our understanding of
 within-individual variation in EPP remains limited. Here, we
 comprehensively investigate variation in EPP at the within-individual
 level in a population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Our study is
 based on parentage data comprising &gt;10 000 genotyped offspring
 across 11 breeding seasons. First, we examined the repeatability of the
 occurrence of EPP, the number of extrapair offspring, the number of
 extrapair partners, and the occurrence of paternity loss using data from
 males and females that bred in multiple years. Second, we tested whether
 within-individual changes in EPP between breeding seasons relate to
 between-year changes in the local social environment. Repeatabilities were
 generally low but significant for the occurrence and number of extrapair
 young in females and for whether a male sired extrapair young or not. We
 found no evidence that the presence of the former social partner or
 changes in the proportion of familiar individuals or in phenotypic traits
 of the neighbors influenced changes in levels of EPP in females. However,
 in adult males, a decrease in the average body size of male neighbors was
 associated with higher extrapair siring success. If confirmed, this result
 suggests that the competitive ability of a male relative to its neighbors
 influences his extrapair mating success. We suggest that alternative
 hypotheses, including the idea that within-individual changes in EPP are
 due to “chance events” rather than changes in an individual’s social
 breeding environment, deserve more consideration.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7wm37pvqg
title: Level of play and coach-rated game intelligence are related to performance on design fluency in elite soccer players

description: Executive brain functions are innate mechanisms for regulating behavior.
 While the impact of suboptimal executive functions has been characterized
 in patients, their contribution to individual success has not been
 elucidated. We set out to understand how executive functions relate to
 successful human behavior by examining their relation to game intelligence
 in sport - the ability to read a game and quickly adapt the behavior. In
 elite soccer players (n = 51), those playing in national teams (national
 team players) significantly outperformed those only playing at premier
 league level (premier league players) in Design Fluency (DF), a complex
 visuo-spatial executive function test that includes measures of creativity
 and cognitive flexibility. Their result showed a moderate correlation with
 coach rated game intelligence, also when correcting for low level
 cognitive capacity and was most evident when considering cognitive
 flexibility. DF capacity also correlated with number of assists made
 during the season but not with number of made goals during the same
 period, linking the fast planning of several steps in DF to fast planning
 of several steps in the soccer game. Altogether, our data suggests that DF
 capacity relates to success in soccer both on a subjective and on an
 objective level.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x69p8czfv
title: Rapid differentiation of plasticity in life history and morphology during invasive range expansion and concurrent local adaptation in the horned beetle Onthophagus taurus

description: Understanding the interplay between genetic differentiation, ancestral
 plasticity, and the evolution of plasticity during adaptation to
 environmental variation is critical to predict populations’ responses to
 environmental change. However, the role of plasticity in rapid adaptation
 in nature remains poorly understood. We here use the invasion of the
 horned beetle Onthophagus taurus in the United States during the last half
 century to study the contribution of ancestral plasticity and
 post-invasion evolution of plastic responses in rapid population
 differentiation. We document latitudinal variation in life history and
 morphology, including genetic compensation in development time and body
 size, likely adaptive responses to seasonal constraints in the North.
 However, clinal variation in development time and size was strongly
 dependent on rearing temperature, suggesting that population
 differentiation in plasticity played a critical role in successful
 adaptation on ecological timescales. Clinal variation in wing shape was
 independent of ancestral plasticity, but correlated with derived
 plasticity, consistent with evolutionary interdependence. In contrast,
 clinal variation in tibia shape aligned poorly with thermal plasticity.
 Overall, this study suggests that post-invasion evolution of plasticity
 contributed to range expansions and concurrent adaptation to novel
 climatic conditions.
description: Beetles used in this study were reared in a 'common
 garden' environment. See the associated publications for details on
 rearing method and standardisaton of environmental parameters.
description: All raw data (landmarks, measurements, etc) are provided in the
 corresponding file. The position of landmarks is indicated in separate
 plots for each structure. Missing values are indicated
 with "NA" (i.e. Not Available)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmbv
title: Data from: How geographic productivity patterns affect food-web evolution

description: This dataset contains the generated data analyzed in the manuscript, as
 well as the code for analyzing the generated data. It also contains the
 code used to generate the data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31164577
title: Acoustic Variability in spider monkeys

description: We aimed to evaluate the factors behind acoustic variability in the contact call of Geoffroy's spider monkeys.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31164577.v1
title: Acoustic Variability in spider monkeys

description: We aimed to evaluate the factors behind acoustic variability in the contact call of Geoffroy's spider monkeys.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr3r
title: Data from: A regime shift from erosion to carbon accumulation in a temperate northern peatland

description: Peatlands are globally important ecosystems but many are degraded and some
 are eroding. However, some degraded peatlands are undergoing apparently
 spontaneous recovery, with switches from erosion to renewed carbon
 accumulation—a type of ecological regime shift. We used a palaeoecological
 approach to investigate and help understand such a switch in a blanket
 peatland in North Wales, UK. Our data show: (a) a rapid accumulation of
 new peat after the switch from the eroding state, with between 5.2 and
 10.6 kg m-2 carbon accumulating since the beginning of the recovery which
 occurred between the late 1800s and early to mid‐1900s CE, with an average
 carbon accumulation rate in the new peat between 46 and
 121 g C m−2 year−1; (b) three main
 successional pathways in peat‐forming vegetation; and (c) hydrological
 changes with an increase to moderately high water‐tables after the switch
 that promoted new carbon accumulation as well as protecting vulnerable old
 carbon. External factors, including changes in climate and industrial
 activity, can only partially explain our results. Following previous
 studies, we suggest that internal ecosystem processes offer a substantial
 part of the explanation and interpret the switch to renewed carbon
 accumulation as a bifurcation‐type tipping point involving changes in the
 physical form of the eroded landscape. Synthesis. Our long‐term ecological
 data reveal a switch from a degraded peatland with active erosion and loss
 of carbon to a revegetated, wetter peatland accumulating carbon. The
 switch can be interpreted as a bifurcation tipping point. We suggest that
 external factors such as climate and pollution levels are important for
 setting suitable boundary conditions for peatland recovery, but internal
 mechanisms can explain the change in peatland state. Our study is the
 first of its kind to apply tipping‐point theory to the internal mechanisms
 linked to peat erosion and recovery and may help improve understanding of
 the trajectories of other peatlands in a changing climate.
description: Core location and methods are detailed in the main paper and
 supplementary information file. 
description: <strong>Milner_J_Ecol_peatproperties: </strong>This
 file contains the peat properties for the four cores.
 <strong>Milner_J_Ecol_chronology:</strong> This file
 contains the age-depth data for the four cores.
 <strong>Milner_J_Ecol_carbonacc:</strong> This file
 contains the carbon accumulation values for the four cores. 
 <strong>Milner_J_Ecol_macrofossils: </strong>This
 file contains the macrofossil data for the four cores. 
 <strong>Milner_J_Ecol_testates: </strong>This file
 contains the testate amoebae data and water table depth reconstruction for
 the four cores.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gthzt
title: Data from: Using genetic relatedness to understand heterogeneous distributions of urban rat-associated pathogens

description: Urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) carry several pathogens
 transmissible to people. However, pathogen prevalence can vary across fine
 spatial scales (i.e., by city block). Using a population genomics
 approach, we sought to describe rat movement patterns across an urban
 landscape, and to evaluate whether these patterns align with pathogen
 distributions. We genotyped 605 rats from a single neighborhood in
 Vancouver, Canada and used 1,495 genome-wide single nucleotide
 polymorphisms to identify parent-offspring and sibling relationships using
 pedigree analysis. We resolved 1,246 pairs of relatives, of which only 1%
 of pairs were captured in different city blocks. Relatives were primarily
 caught within 33 meters of each other leading to a highly leptokurtic
 distribution of dispersal distances. Using binomial generalized linear
 mixed models we evaluated whether family relationships influenced rat
 pathogen status with the bacterial pathogens Leptospira interrogans,
 Bartonella tribocorum, and Clostridium difficile, and found that an
 individual’s pathogen status was not predicted any better by including
 disease status of related rats. The spatial clustering of related rats and
 their pathogens lends support to the hypothesis that spatially restricted
 movement promotes the heterogeneous patterns of pathogen prevalence
 evidenced in this population. Our findings also highlight the utility of
 evolutionary tools to understand movement and rat-associated health risks
 in urban landscapes.
description: <strong>Full_SNP_genotypes.vcf</strong> A vcf file containing the original dataset of 519,939 SNP genotypes from 617 Norway rats. <strong>Filtered_SNP_genotypes.vcf</strong> A vcf file containing a subset of 1,495 SNP genotypes from 605 Norway rats obtained through filtering steps outlined in the manuscript. <strong>Rat_MetaData_All.csv</strong> This file contains relevant metadata for rats included in this analysis, such as location and season of capture, sex, maturity, age, and pathogen status. This data sheet contains the data for all 617 rats included in the Full_SNP_genotypes file. <strong>Rat_MetaData_Subset.csv</strong> This file contains relevant metadata for rats included in this analysis, such as location and season of capture, sex, maturity, age, and pathogen status. This data sheet contains the data for the subset of 605 rats analyzed in this paper. <strong>MetaData_Variables_Explained.pdf</strong> This file includes details regarding how variables in the Rat MetaData files are coded.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z08kprr9g
title: Palm-primate interactions: Number of palm species and palm species identity in primate diets according to region (Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Neotropics); Parts of palm species consumed by primates according to region; palm species of high importance in primate diets according to region; palm seed dispersal by primates according to region

description: We compiled data on palms in the diets of primates and on palm seed
 dispersal by primates to criticially discuss the hypothesis by Onstein et
 al. 2020 (Proc R Soc B) that "the interactions between primates and
 palms are related to the co-evolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision
 systems and palm fruit colours". Our copilation of data on
 interactions between palms and primates suggests that the
 mutualism-dependent co-diversification scenario deployed by Onstein et al.
 is not supported in view of the low level of extant primate-palm
 interactions in Africa.
description: Data were compiled by
 surveying primate food plant species lists and lists of plant species
 dispersed by primates in primatological journals and by searching in the
 Web of Science and in Google Scholar with the key words “[primate genus
 name]” and “diet” or “seed dispersal”. Additionally we searched with the
 key words “palm*” or “Arecaceae” and “seed dispersal”. We also screened
 references quoted in search results that were not captured by the search
 in Web of Science and Google Scholar. To examine how representative our
 dataset is we compared the number of primate species per geographic region
 (Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Neotropics) for which we found data with the
 number of primate species per region recoginized by the IUCN-SSC Primate
 Specialist Group.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmm6
title: A new marine woodground ichnotaxon from the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group, Saskatchewan, Canada

description: A new wood-boring ichnospecies is described from transgressive (lagoonal)
 deposits of the Lower Cretaceous Sparky Formation (Mannville Group) in
 west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Apectoichnus lignummasticans isp. nov.
 is a trace fossil that occurs in a thin coal bed and which was emplaced in
 an in situ xylic substrate (woodground). The ichnofossil is thin,
 elongate, unbranched, and straight to gently curved with a circular cross
 section and uniform diameter. Apectoichnus lignummasticans is similar in
 many respects to modern borings in wood that are produced by marine
 isopods, such as Limnoria lignorum, for feeding and refugium. The
 recognition of A. lignummasticans in the rock record aligns with the
 modern observation that fossilized wood-boring assemblages should display
 higher ichnofossil diversities than commonly reported. Additionally, the
 stratigraphic occurrence of A. lignummasticans in association with other
 evidence of marine deposition reaffirms that certain wood boring
 morphologies (i.e. ichnotaxa) are useful as indicators of marine
 transgressions.