DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2rbnzs7w8
title: Data from: Biodiversity of soil biota and plants stabilizes ecosystem multifunctionality with increasing number of global change factors

description: Increasing the number of global change factors (GCFs) strongly influences
 biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, the specific mechanisms
 through which biodiversity, especially soil biodiversity, stabilizes
 ecosystem multifunctionality under rapidly growing GCFs remain elusive.
 Here, we implemented a multifaceted approach involving multiple GCFs
 (nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, and soil acidification) in the
 Inner Mongolia grassland to elucidate the impact of species diversity,
 community composition, and temporal asynchrony within plant and soil biota
 on multifunctional stability. Our findings showed that with an increasing
 number of GCFs, plant and soil biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality,
 and multifunctional stability broadly decreased. The negative effects of
 GCFs on multifunctional stability were primarily associated with the
 community asynchrony of soil nematodes and plants, while the negative
 effects on ecosystem multifunctionality were mainly associated with the
 community composition of soil fungi. Additionally, the indirect influence
 of diversity within plants and soil biota on multifunctionality and its
 stability was manifested through their effects on the community
 composition or asynchrony. Synthesis. Our results provide new empirical
 evidence that soil biodiversity is at least as important as plant
 biodiversity in determining multifunctionality and multifunctional
 stability under multiple GCFs. These findings highlight the importance of
 conserving soil biodiversity and integrating it into conservation efforts
 to maintain ecosystem stability in the face of increasing GCFs.
description: # Biodiversity of soil biota and plants stabilizes ecosystem
 multifunctionality with increasing number of global change factors
 Increasing global change factors (GCFs) significantly reduce biodiversity,
 ecosystem multifunctionality, and its stability. Using nitrogen and
 phosphorus addition and soil acidification in Inner Mongolia grasslands,
 we found that these effects are driven by shifts in plant and soil biota
 diversity, composition, and asynchrony. Specifically, soil nematode and
 plant asynchrony influenced stability, while fungal community composition
 impacted multifunctionality. Diversity effects were mainly indirect,
 acting through changes in community structure and dynamics. The dataset
 consists of a GCFs_NEW.xlsx and an R code file. Sheet 1 was the dataset
 for all raw data, and Sheet 2 was the dataset for SEM. The dataset
 contains 108 variables for Sheet1 and Sheet2. NA in the dataset indicates
 missing data for the relevant variable. **Column Units Description** * TRE
 unitless Experimental treatment - GCFN unitless Number of global change
 factors * ANPP g m-2 Above-ground net primary production - Cmin mg g-1
 day-1 Soil carbon mineralization * Nmin mg g-1 day-1 Soil nitrogen
 mineralization - TMB nmol g-1 Total microbial biomass * TNA ind. g-1 dry
 soil Soil nematode abundance - MBC mg kg-1 Microbial biomass carbon * MBN
 mg kg-1 Microbial biomass nitrogen - ZANPP unitless Standardized
 above-ground net primary production * ZCmin unitless Standardized soil
 carbon mineralization - ZNmin unitless Standardized soil nitrogen
 mineralization * ZTMB unitless Standardized total microbial biomass - ZTNA
 unitless Standardized total nematode abundance * ZMBC unitless
 Standardized microbial biomass carbon - ZMBN unitless Standardized
 microbial biomass nitrogen * Prich unitless plant richness - PPCoA1
 unitless plant composition * Brich unitless Bacterial ZOTU richness -
 BPCoA1 unitless Bacterial ZOTU composition * Frich unitless Fungal ZOTU
 richness - FPCoA1 unitless Fungal ZOTU composition * Nrich unitless
 Nematode taxon richness - NPCoA1 unitless Nematode taxon composition *
 ZPrich unitless Standardized plant richness - ZPPCoA1 unitless
 Standardized plant composition * ZBrich unitless Standardized bacterial
 ZOTU richness - ZBPCoA1 unitless Standardized bacterial ZOTU composition *
 ZFrich unitless Standardized fungal ZOTU richness - ZFPCoA1 unitless
 Standardized fungal ZOTU composition * ZNrich unitless Standardized
 nematode taxon richness - ZNPCoA1 unitless Standardized nematode taxon
 composition * Asy_Plants unitless Plant asynchrony - Asy_Ba unitless
 Bacterial ZOTU asynchrony * Asy_Fu unitless Fungal ZOTU asynchrony -
 Asy_Nema unitless Nematode taxon asynchrony * ZAsy_Plants unitless
 Standardized plant asynchrony - ZAsy_Ba unitless Standardized bacterial
 ZOTU asynchrony * ZAsy_Fu unitless Standardized fungal ZOTU asynchrony -
 ZAsy_Nema unitless Standardized nematode taxon asynchrony * SD_ZANPP
 unitless Standard deviation of above-ground net primary production -
 SD_ZCmin unitless Standard deviation of soil carbon mineralization *
 SD_ZNmin unitless Standard deviation of soil nitrogen mineralization -
 SD_ZTMB unitless Standard deviation of total microbial biomass * SD_ZTNA
 unitless Standard deviation of total nematode abundance - SD_ZMBC unitless
 Standard deviation of microbial biomass carbon * SD_ZMBN unitless Standard
 deviation of microbial biomass nitrogen - SB_ZANPP unitless Stability of
 above-ground net primary production * SB_ZCmin unitless Stability of soil
 carbon mineralization - SB_ZNmin unitless Stability of soil nitrogen
 mineralization * SB_ZTMB unitless Stability of total microbial biomass -
 SB_ZTNA unitless Stability of total nematode abundance * SB_ZMBC unitless
 Stability of microbial biomass carbon - SB_ZMBN unitless Stability of
 microbial biomass nitrogen * Fun unitless Mean of ecosystem
 multifunctionality - SD_Fun unitless Standard deviation of ecosystem
 multifunctionality * SB_Fun unitless Stability of ecosystem
 multifunctionality - TZPrich unitless Standardized plant richness *
 TZPPCoA1 unitless Standardized plant composition - TZAsy_Plants unitless
 Standardized plant asynchrony * TZBrich unitless Standardized bacterial
 ZOTU richness - TZBPCoA1 unitless Standardized bacterial ZOTU composition
 * TZFrich unitless Standardized fungal ZOTU richness - TZFPCoA1 unitless
 Standardized fungal ZOTU composition * TZNrich unitless Standardized
 nematode taxon richness - TZNPCoA1 unitless Standardized nematode taxon
 composition * TZAsy_Nema unitless Standardized nematode taxon asynchrony -
 TZAsy_Ba unitless Standardized bacterial ZOTU asynchrony * TZAsy_Fu
 unitless Standardized fungal ZOTU asynchrony - PAB unitless Standardized
 annuals and biennials richness * PPB unitless Standardized perennial
 bunchgrass richness - PPF unitless Standardized perennial forbs richness *
 PPR unitless Standardized perennial rhizome grasses richness - FAMF
 unitless Standardized mycorrhizal fungi ZOTU richness * FPATH unitless
 Standardized plant pathogen fungi ZOTU richness - FSAP unitless
 Standardized soil saprotroph fungi ZOTU richness * NBF unitless
 Standardized bacterial feeders richness - NFF unitless Standardized fungal
 feeders richness * NOC unitless Standardized omnivores+carnivores richness
 - NPF unitless Standardized plant feeders richness * PABPCoA1 unitless
 Standardized annuals and biennials composition - PPBPCoA1 unitless
 Standardized perennial bunchgrass composition * PPFPCoA1 unitless
 Standardized perennial forbs composition - PPRPCoA1 unitless Standardized
 perennial rhizome grasses composition * FAMFPCoA1 unitless Standardized
 mycorrhizal fungi ZOTU composition - FPATHPCoA1 unitless Standardized
 plant pathogen fungi ZOTU composition * FSAPPCoA1 unitless Standardized
 soil saprotroph fungi ZOTU composition - NBFPCoA1 unitless Standardized
 bacterial feeders composition * NFFPCoA1 unitless Standardized fungal
 feeders composition - NOCPCoA1 unitless Standardized omnivores+carnivores
 composition * NPFPCoA1 unitless Standardized plant feeders composition -
 PABASY unitless Standardized annuals and biennials asynchrony * PPBASY
 unitless Standardized perennial bunchgrass asynchrony - PPFASY unitless
 Standardized perennial forbs asynchrony * PPRASY unitless Standardized
 perennial rhizome grasses asynchrony - FAMFASY unitless Standardized soil
 saprotroph fungi ZOTU asynchrony * FPATHASY unitless Standardized plant
 pathogen fungi ZOTU asynchrony - FSAPASY unitless Standardized mycorrhizal
 fungi ZOTU asynchrony * NBFASY unitless Standardized bacterial feeders
 asynchrony - NFFASY unitless Standardized Fungal feeders asynchrony *
 NOCASY unitless Standardized omnivores+carnivores asynchrony - NPFASY
 unitless Standardized plant feeders asynchrony * Multi_T30 unitless
 Multifunctionality T30 - Multi_T50 unitless Multifunctionality T50 *
 Multi_T70 unitless Multifunctionality T70 - Stab_T30 unitless
 Multifunctional stability T30 * Stab_T50 unitless Multifunctional
 stability T50 - Stab_T70 unitless Multifunctional stability T70 ##
 Code/Software The file R_code includes all code required for the
 manuscript. Any scripts,code, packages can be run using R version 4.0.5 (R
 Core Team, 2021).