DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqc8x
title: Data from: To hatch and hatch not: Rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A. callidryas

description: Phyllomedusid treefrogs hatch prematurely to escape egg predation, but
 escape success varies among species. During spontaneous hatching of
 Agalychnis spurrelli, snake attacks elicited 55% less escape-hatching than
 did attacks on less developed A. callidryas. Agalychnis
 callidryas use their vestibular system and, secondarily, their lateral
 line to sense physical disturbances that cue hatching. Since
 A. spurrelli develop faster, we hypothesized that heterochronic
 shifts in the onset timing of vestibular mechanosensory function, relative
 to hatching ability, might explain their lower escape response to
 mechanosensory cues. To test this, we compared the onset timing of
 hypoxia- and mechanosensory-cued hatching (MCH) and vestibular
 mechanosensory function in developmental series of A. spurrelli
 and A. callidryas embryos. Across species, most sibships began
 responding to each cue at the same developmental stage. MCH onset in
 A. spurrelli was associated with vestibular function onset, as
 indicated by measurements of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Indeed,
 the first A. spurrelli embryos to show MCH had VOR amplitudes
 similar to those previously found for A. callidryas at the onset
 of MCH.  These results indicate that low escape-hatching success
 in A. spurrelli is not caused by a relative delay in the onset of
 vestibular mechanosensory function, rejecting our initial hypothesis; the
 developmental timing of vestibular mechanosensing and its role in
 predator-induced hatching appears conserved. Our observations of both
 higher escape success of larger clutches in snake attacks and hatching
 complications in flooded A. spurrelli suggest, instead, that
 differences in egg capsule and clutch structure may contribute to species
 differences in escape-hatching success.
description: This README for "Data for Guell&Warkentin.xlsx" file was
 generated on 2023-12-12 by BRANDON A. GUELL GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title
 of Dataset: "Data for Güell & Warkentin.xlsx", for the
 manuscript: "To hatch and hatch not: rejecting the hypothesis that
 heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching
 success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its
 congener A. callidryas" submitted to Behavioral Ecology and
 Sociobiology - BEAS-D-23-00239. 2. Author Information A. Principal
 Investigator Contact Information Name: Brandon A. Guell Institution:
 Boston University Address: 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
 Email: A. Analyses Contact Information Name: Brandon
 A. Guell Institution: Boston University Address: 5 Cummington Mall,
 Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A. Email: 3. Date of data
 collection (single date, range, approximate date): 22 May–14 August 2018
 and 27 June–3 July 2021 4. Geographic location of data collection: Shampoo
 Pond in Piro, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (8°24'55"N,
 83°20'45"W) 5. Information about funding sources that supported
 the collection of the data: This work was supported by the National
 Science Foundation (DGE-1247312 to BAG and IOS-1354072 to KMW), Sigma Xi
 (G2018031596022314 to BAG), and Boston University. DATA-SPECIFIC
 INFORMATION FOR: [Data for Guell&Warkentin.xlsx, Sheet 1:
 "Spontaneous Hatching Timing"] 1. Number of variables: 19 2.
 Number of cases/rows: 182 3. Variable List: Date, Temperature_C,
 Relative_Humidity, Species, Clutch, Age, Day, Time, Period, Stage,
 Clutch_size, Hatched_accumulative, Proportion_hatched 4. Missing data
 codes: "NA" 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used:
 none 6. Description of variables: The variables in this sheet contain
 information about the undisturbed spontaneous hatching timing of A.
 spurrelli and A. callidryas embryos. * Date = date of egg clutch
 collection, * Temperature_C = ambient temperature in Celsius at study site
 on date of collection, * Relative_humidity = % relative humidity * Species
 = species of embryos, * Clutch = ID of clutch being observed, *
 Age:Clutch_size = age, age in days, time of day, am or pm of observations,
 and number of eggs per clutch, * Hatched_accumulative = number of embryos
 per clutch that hatched at each observation, * Proportion_hatched = total
 proportion of embryos per clutch. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Data for
 Guell&Warkentin.xlsx, Sheet 2: "Egg-Predation Escape
 Success"] 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 75 3.
 Variable List: Date, Species, Age, Clutch, Clutch_size, Escape_hatched,
 Proportion_escape_hatched 4. Missing data codes: "NA" 5.
 Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: none 6. Description of
 variables: The variables in this sheet contain information about the
 escape hatching success of A. spurrelli and A. callidryas embryos to snake
 attacks. * Date = date of experiment, * Species = species of egg clutch
 tested, * Age = age of egg clutch tested (days), * Clutch = egg clutch ID,
 * Clutch_size = number of eggs in egg clutch, * Escape_hatched = number of
 embryos of the total clutch size that escaped during snake predation
 experiment, * Proportion_escape_hatched = Escape_hatched divided by
 Clutch_size DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Data for
 Guell&Warkentin.xlsx, Sheet 3: "Gomez & Warkentin Egg
 Predation"] 1. Number of variables: 5 2. Number of cases/rows: 66 3.
 Variable List: Date, Age, Clutch_size, Escape_hatched,
 Proportion_escape_hatched 4. Missing data codes: "NA" 5.
 Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: none 6. Description of
 variables: The variables in this sheet contain information about the
 escape hatching success of A. spurrelli and A. callidryas embryos to snake
 attacks. * Date = date of experiment, * Species = species of egg clutch
 tested, * Age = age of egg clutch tested (days), * Clutch = egg clutch ID,
 * Clutch_size = number of eggs in egg clutch, * Escape_hatched = number of
 embryos of the total clutch size that escaped during snake predation
 experiment, * Proportion_escape_hatched = Escape_hatched divided by
 Clutch_size DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Data for
 Guell&Warkentin.xlsx, Sheet 4: "Onset of HCH & MCH"] 1.
 Number of variables: 17 2. Number of cases/rows: 901 3. Variable List:
 Date, Temperature_C, Relative_Humidity, Species, Clutch, Age_days,
 Time_of_day, Age, Clutch_size, Clutch_size_post_tests, Stage, Cue_type,
 Attempted_to_Hatch, Hatching_Complication, Hatched, Latency_to_hatch_min,
 Hatchling_length_mm 4. Missing data codes: "NA" 5. Specialized
 formats or other abbreviations used: HCH = Hypoxia-cued hatching; MCH =
 Mechanosensory-cued hatching 6. Description of variables: The variables in
 this sheet contain information about the onset of hatching responses to
 hypoxia cues (HCH) and mechanosensory cues (MCH) of A. spurrelli and A.
 callidryas embryos. * Date = date of experiment, * Temperature_C &
 Relative_humidity = ambient temperature in Celsius and in % relative
 humidity at study site on date of collection, * Species = species of
 embryos, * Clutch = ID of clutch being observed, * Age:Clutch_size = age,
 age in days, time of day, am or pm of observations, and number of eggs per
 clutch, * Clutch_size_post_tests = accumulative number of eggs in the
 clutch remaining after previous testing points, * Stage = developmental
 stage of embryos based on Warkentin (2017), * Attempted_to_Hatch = number
 of embryos that attempted to hatch (i.e., ruptured their membranes), *
 Hatching_Complication = binomial variable of whether embryo experienced
 hatching complication as described in the methods, * Hatched = binomial
 (yes/no) of whether embryo successfully exited their egg capsule, *
 Latency_to_hatch_min = latency to hatch in minutes, * Hatchling_length_mm
 = average total length in millimeters of hatchings that hatched at that
 time point. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Data for
 Guell&Warkentin.xlsx, Sheet 5: "Clutch-matched HCH &
 MCH"] 1. Number of variables: 10 2. Number of cases/rows: 28 3.
 Variable List: Date, Species, Clutch, Age_at_HCH_onset,
 Stage_at_HCH_onset, Age_at_MCH_onset, Stage_at_MCH_onset,
 Difference_in_age, Difference_in_stage, Proportion_difference 4. Missing
 data codes: "NA" 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations
 used: HCH = Hypoxia-cued hatching; MCH = Mechanosensory-cued hatching 6.
 Description of variables: The variables in this sheet contain information
 about the age and developmental stage of embryos from the previous sheet
 5. * Date = date of experiment, * Species = species of embryos, * Clutch =
 Clutch ID, * Age_at_HCH_onset = Age of embryos in days at the onset of
 hypoxia-cued hatching, * Stage_at_HCH_onset= developmental stage of
 embryos at the onset of hypoxia-cued hatching, * Age_at_MCH_onset = Age of
 embryos in days at the onset of mechanosensory-cued hatching, *
 Stage_at_MCH_onset = developmental stage of embryos at the onset of
 mechanosensory-cued hatching, * Difference_in_age = raw difference of age
 in days between embryos of the same clutch that responded to hypoxia and
 mechanosensory cues (Age_at_MCH_onset minus Age_at_HCH_onset), *
 Difference_in_stage = raw difference of developmental stage between
 embryos of the same clutch that responded to hypoxia and mechanosensory
 cues (Stage_at_MCH_onset minus Stage_at_HCH_onset), *
 Proportion_difference = (Age_at_MCH_onset divided by Age_at_HCH_onset)
 minus 1 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Data for Guell&Warkentin.xlsx,
 Sheet 6: "VOR in A. spurrelli"] 1. Number of variables: 19 2.
 Number of cases/rows: 182 3. Variable List: Date, Species, Clutch, Day,
 Time, Age, Clutch_size, Stage, Cue_type, Hatched, Latency_to_hatch_min,
 Hatchling_length_mm, RampDiff, R-R2, LampDiff, L-R2, Avg_Diff,
 Avg_Rsquared, Subset 4. Missing data codes: "NA" 5. Specialized
 formats or other abbreviations used: VOR = Vestibulo-ocular reflex 6.
 Description of variables: The variables in this sheet contain information
 about the VOR amplitude of A. spurrelli embryos. * Date = date of VOR
 measurement, * Species = species of embryos, * Clutch = Clutch ID, * Day =
 Age in days, * Time = Time of day in whole hours, * Age = Age of embryo in
 decimal hours, * Clutch_size = number of eggs in the clutch the embryo
 came from, * Stage = developmental stage of the measured embryo, *
 Cue_type = all mechanosensory for egg-jiggling cues to test for
 mechanosensory-cued hatching, * Hatched = binomial variable of whether the
 embryo hatched in response to the egg-jiggling mechanosensory cues, *
 Latency_to_hatch_min = latency to hatch from start of egg-jiggling to
 hatching in minutes, * Hatchling_length_mm = average total length in
 millimeters of hatching, * RampDiff = raw VOR amplitude of right eye, R-R2
 = proportional VOR amplitude of right eye, * LampDiff = raw VOR amplitude
 of left eye, * L-R2 = proportional VOR amplitude of left eye, * Avg_Diff =
 raw averaged VOR amplitude used in statistics, * Avg_Rsquared = total
 proportional VOR amplitude, * Subset = binomial variable (yes/no) used in
 subsetting for data manipulation in Script. SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR
 SCRIPT: ["Script for Güell & Warkentin.Rmd"] This file
 contains the full R script used for analyses in the manuscript titled
 "To hatch and hatch not: rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony
 in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of
 Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A.
 callidryas" submitted to Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology -
 BEAS-D-23-00239. The data processing and statistical analyses shown in
 this document are shown in chronological order as reported in the
 manuscript. We show details on importing, manipulating, summarizing,
 analyzing (testing hypotheses), and visualizing the data. See manuscript
 for details on background, research questions, hypothesis, methods, etc..