cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/kxhz-kf22
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Candelaria, New Mexico 2,500 Year scPDSI Reconstruction

description: We provide a 2,508-year reconstruction (492 BCE-2015 CE) of hydroclimate variability for west-central New Mexico using the long-lived conifer Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.). The reconstruction model explains 53% of the instrumental soil moisture variance and all validation statistics indicate a skillful record. More hydroclimate flips (extreme wet-dry, vice versa) occur during the 20th-21st century than any other century in the past 2,500 years. Yet, drought and pluvial events captured during the instrumental period (since ca. 1900) do not represent the full range and variability of historical conditions. Since ca. 500 BCE, over 50 drought events have surpassed the severity of recent 21st century conditions, including the first documentation of a prolonged and severe drought during the second to third century BCE (Pre-Ancestral Puebloan). Continued extreme hydroclimate variability (e.g., flips) in the 21st century could create infrastructure challenges for regional water planning authorities in this arid region.
description: Self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) reconstruction for the past 2,500 years, based on a Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) tree-ring chronology from Candelaria, Zuni-Bandera lava field, west-central New Mexico
DOI: 10.25921/km7g-3357
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Copenheaver - Walker Cove Research Natural Area - ACSH - ITRDB NC029

description: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a shade-tolerant, late successional dominant species in the North American eastern deciduous forest. The objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between climate and radial growth in sugar maple and to identify spatial and temporal patterns in dendroclimatic response. We used a combination of archived sugar maple tree-ring chronologies and newly sampled sites to calculate dendroclimatic response of sugar maple at 13 sites in the United States and Canada. At all sites, sugar maple growth was significantly correlated to monthly temperature, precipitation, or Palmer Drought Severity Index. However, there were no generalizable patterns in sugar maple's growth response to climate. Individual sites had unique dendroclimatic responses with respect to: a) which climatic variables were correlated to radial growth; b) what months had significant correlations between climate and radial growth; and c) what years had significant correlations between climate and radial growth. The individualistic dendroclimatic response of sugar maple appears to reflect a plastic response of the species to changes in climate perhaps related to its status as a strong competitor in late-successional forests. This ability to survive a wide range of environmental conditions may bode well for the species persistence under variable future climatic conditions. It also points to the need for more research on late-successional species in examining forest response to potential climate change scenarios because these species may be more resilient than early-successional species.
description: Pisgah National Forest.  In the publication, this site was identified as Dillingham, NC. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.
DOI: 10.25921/kc8x-5294
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Himalayan 400 Year Spring Jet Stream Latitude Reconstruction

description: Since the 1980s, the subtropical jet stream has generally moved poleward, but its behavior varies by region and season. Here we examine the interannual variability and trends in the latitudinal position of the spring subtropical jet over the Himalayas. During the modern period (1948 to 2018), the spring (MAM) jet is typically anchored immediately south of the Himalayas, but has rarely (in 1956, 1971, 1984 and 1999) moved poleward to pass over Kyrgyzstan and northwest China. A tree-ring reconstruction of the jet's latitude indicates such poleward excursions may have become more frequent after 1950 but it is not clear whether that behavior is unprecedented within the past four centuries. These insights into the behavior of the Himalayan subtropical jet may improve seasonal weather forecasts for the region and provide a target for climate simulations to test whether the recent spate of excursions is unusual and due to anthropogenic warming.
description: Tree-ring based reconstruction of Himalayan spring (March-May) jet stream position (degrees North) for 1625-2003 CE.  The reconstruction is based on 23 tree-ring chronologies (Table S1) from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, which are grouped into 3 regional collections (central, eastern, and western Himalayan) used as predictors for the Himalayan jet stream reconstruction.
DOI: 10.25921/kqk1-g387
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coulthard - Upper Joffre - TSME - ITRDB CANA640

description: The recent intensification of floods and droughts in the Fraser River Basin (FRB) of British Columbia has had profound cultural, ecological, and economic impacts that are expected to be exacerbated further by anthropogenic climate change. In part due to short instrumental runoff records, the long-term stationarity of hydroclimatic extremes in this major North American watershed remains poorly understood, highlighting the need to use high-resolution paleoenvironmental proxies to inform on past streamflow. Here we use a network of tree-ring proxy records to develop 11 subbasin-scale, complementary flood- and drought-season reconstructions, the first of their kind. The reconstructions explicitly target management-relevant flood and drought seasons within each basin, and are examined in tandem to provide an expanded assessment of extreme events across the FRB with immediate implications for water management. We find that past high flood-season flows have been of greater magnitude and occurred in more consecutive years than during the observational record alone. Early 20th century low flows in the drought season were especially severe in both duration and magnitude in some subbasins relative to recent dry periods. Our Fraser subbasin-scale reconstructions provide long-term benchmarks for the natural flood and drought variability prior to anthropogenic forcing. These reconstructions demonstrate that the instrumental streamflow records upon which current management is based likely underestimate the full natural magnitude, duration, and frequency of extreme seasonal flows in the FRB, as well as the potential severity of future anthropogenically forced events.
description: Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada Tree-Ring Data NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/k0q5-fd38
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coulthard - Spatsum Fan - PIPO - ITRDB CANA643

description: The recent intensification of floods and droughts in the Fraser River Basin (FRB) of British Columbia has had profound cultural, ecological, and economic impacts that are expected to be exacerbated further by anthropogenic climate change. In part due to short instrumental runoff records, the long-term stationarity of hydroclimatic extremes in this major North American watershed remains poorly understood, highlighting the need to use high-resolution paleoenvironmental proxies to inform on past streamflow. Here we use a network of tree-ring proxy records to develop 11 subbasin-scale, complementary flood- and drought-season reconstructions, the first of their kind. The reconstructions explicitly target management-relevant flood and drought seasons within each basin, and are examined in tandem to provide an expanded assessment of extreme events across the FRB with immediate implications for water management. We find that past high flood-season flows have been of greater magnitude and occurred in more consecutive years than during the observational record alone. Early 20th century low flows in the drought season were especially severe in both duration and magnitude in some subbasins relative to recent dry periods. Our Fraser subbasin-scale reconstructions provide long-term benchmarks for the natural flood and drought variability prior to anthropogenic forcing. These reconstructions demonstrate that the instrumental streamflow records upon which current management is based likely underestimate the full natural magnitude, duration, and frequency of extreme seasonal flows in the FRB, as well as the potential severity of future anthropogenically forced events.
description: Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada Tree-Ring Data NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29.
DOI: 10.25921/kfr3-0655
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Foraminiferal Shell Weight and Measurement Data from the Gulf Alaska over the past 20,000 years

description: Here we use volume density (ρV) measurements as a metric of size-normalized weights for Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer, from upper OMZ and abyssal depth sites in the Gulf of Alaska over the past ∼20,000 years to test for covariation between carbonate preservation and OMZ intensity. We find that dissolution of N. pachyderma is most intense at the upper OMZ site where oxygenation is generally lower than at the abyssal site. We also examine Uvigerina peregrina, a benthic foraminifer, at the upper OMZ site and find that the lowest ρV measurements in both taxa occur during deglacial and early Holocene dysoxic events. We use computed tomography images to confirm that changes in ρV are related to shell thickness, observe dissolution features, and test for growth influences on ρV. Further, we use stepwise selection of multiple regression models in which coregistered environmental proxies are potential predictors of ρV and find that the best supported models retain negative associations between ρV and the concentration of redox-sensitive metals and the relative abundance of dysoxia-tolerant and opportunistic benthic foraminifera, indicating that low ρV is associated with low-oxygen conditions and pulsed availability of organic matter at the seafloor. Taken together, our results suggest the primary driver of carbonate dissolution here is related to organic carbon respiration at the seafloor. This highlights the importance of metabolic dissolution in understanding the inorganic carbon cycle and the role regions with high-organic carbon export, such as OMZs, can have as CO2 sources as metabolic dissolution intensifies.
description: Data are archived DRYAD at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7c3. CT images are archived at https://www.morphosource.org/projects/000346774.
DOI: 10.25921/kn4y-dy60
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Larson - Weir White Oaks - QUMA - ITRDB WI058

description: New and updated multi-century tree-ring chronologies from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams from across the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, were developed to fill a spatial gap in the network of available tree-ring chronologies. We produced a robust 303-year summer drought reconstruction (June-August Palmer's Modified Drought Index (PMDI): r2 = 0.45) that identified clusters of extreme droughts and pluvials (PMDI <= -4.0 or >= 4.0) in the early 1700s and more even distributions of drought conditions, with the exception of the post 1930s period when drought became relatively infrequent. Compared to the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) and the North American Drought Atlas (NADA), our reconstruction more accurately represented moderate moisture conditions across the Driftless Area, the NADA and LBDA more closely represented extreme pluvials, and our reconstruction and the LBDA better represented extreme drought years. The three reconstructions largely captured the same high-frequency variability in drought conditions and differed most at low frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between our reconstruction and corn (r = 0.30, n = 91, p = 0.002) and soybean (r = 0.25, n  = 81, p = 0.012) yields, with the strength of the correlations increasing over recent decades suggesting a tighter coupling of interannual climate variability and crop productivity in the region. Superposed epoch analyses indicated significantly wetter conditions in the Driftless Area two years after major volcanic eruptions. In the context of long-term climatic variability, the Driftless Oaks drought reconstruction demonstrated that drought and pluvial conditions more extreme than those experienced during the instrumental record have occurred in the past.
description: Oak ring width data from the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, sampled from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.
DOI: 10.25921/k0eb-hr04
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Yangkou Cave, Southwestern China MIS 4/5 (98-59 ka) Stalagmite d18O Data

description: During the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5/4 transition, the global climate changed from an interglacial to a glacial state, and hence it was characterized by high-amplitude climate changes. High-resolution stalagmite records can potentially improve our understanding of climate change during this transition. Here we use a high-precision 230Th-dated, 50-yr-resolution stalagmite d18O record from Yangkou Cave, in Chongqing, southwestern China, to reveal centennial- to millennial-scale changes in Asian summer monsoon (ASM) intensity during the interval of 98.8-59.3 kyr B.P. (thousands of years before 1950 CE). The record reveals five Chinese Interstadial events, namely CIS 18-22, and pronounced centennial-scale oscillations are evident and verified within these millennial-scale events. There are four centennial-scale events of monsoon strengthening in both CIS 21 and CIS 22, corresponding to Greenland Interstadial events GI 21 and GI 22. By contrast, CIS 18, CIS 19 and CIS 20 differ in both structure and onset time relative to the corresponding GI events during MIS 4. During MIS 5, reduced ice sheet and sea-ice cover and strong Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) forced the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) towards its northern limit, which enhanced the teleconnection between the ASM and climate change in northern high latitudes. During MIS 5, the millennial-scale events (CIS 21 and 22) show a rapid atmospheric teleconnection between the ASM and the climate of northern high latitudes, but this coupling did not exist during MIS 4. The weakening of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, the expansion of ice sheets and sea ice, combined with the increased influence of Antarctica, may have led to the decoupling of the Asian summer monsoon and climate change in high northern latitudes.
description: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from stalagmite JFYK2 collected in Yangkou Cave, Southwest China, spanning MIS 4/5 (98-59 kaBP). Provided Keywords: Decoupling, Chinese Interstadial 18, Abrupt climatic events, Teleconnection, Yangkou Cave
DOI: 10.25921/kabt-rq55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - Morgan Monroe Flux Tower Site - ACSH - ITRDB IN024

description: Several important environmental influences of tree growth and carbon sequestration have changed over the past several decades in eastern North America, specifically, more frequent pluvial conditions, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, and decreased acidic deposition. These factors could lead to changes in the relationship between tree growth and water availability, and perhaps even decouple the two, having large implications on how future climate change will impact forest productivity and carbon sequestration. Here, we examine the concurrent influence of the climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration), CO2 concentrations, and sulfate and nitrogen deposition on radial tree growth, carbon isotopes, and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for several hardwood tree species in the Midwestern United States. We found that when considering the simultaneous influence of these factors, the climatic water balance is the dominant influence on annual growth. Therefore, the recent pluvial period is the primary cause of the weakening relationship between radial growth and water availability. Even during pluvial periods, water availability is the primary control on growth, with increasing CO2 concentrations and decreased SO4 deposition being secondary factors. Importantly, the weakening in the climate-growth relationship is species specific, with Acer species having stable relationships with the climatic water balance, Liriodendron tulipifera showing a strengthening relationship, and Quercus species and Populus grandidentata exhibiting weakening. Thus, interannual variations in soil moisture unevenly impact tree growth and carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that, despite recent pluvial conditions, increasing CO2 concentrations and decreasing acidic deposition have not buffered the impact of water availability on tree growth and carbon sequestration.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-09-03.
DOI: 10.25921/kqxn-9493
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - UM Biological Station Flux Site - ACRU - ITRDB MI026

description: Several important environmental influences of tree growth and carbon sequestration have changed over the past several decades in eastern North America, specifically, more frequent pluvial conditions, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, and decreased acidic deposition. These factors could lead to changes in the relationship between tree growth and water availability, and perhaps even decouple the two, having large implications on how future climate change will impact forest productivity and carbon sequestration. Here, we examine the concurrent influence of the climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration), CO2 concentrations, and sulfate and nitrogen deposition on radial tree growth, carbon isotopes, and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for several hardwood tree species in the Midwestern United States. We found that when considering the simultaneous influence of these factors, the climatic water balance is the dominant influence on annual growth. Therefore, the recent pluvial period is the primary cause of the weakening relationship between radial growth and water availability. Even during pluvial periods, water availability is the primary control on growth, with increasing CO2 concentrations and decreased SO4 deposition being secondary factors. Importantly, the weakening in the climate-growth relationship is species specific, with Acer species having stable relationships with the climatic water balance, Liriodendron tulipifera showing a strengthening relationship, and Quercus species and Populus grandidentata exhibiting weakening. Thus, interannual variations in soil moisture unevenly impact tree growth and carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that, despite recent pluvial conditions, increasing CO2 concentrations and decreasing acidic deposition have not buffered the impact of water availability on tree growth and carbon sequestration.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-09-03.
DOI: 10.25921/k3y1-6r95
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Maxwell - UM Biological Station Flux Site - QURU - ITRDB MI028

description: Several important environmental influences of tree growth and carbon sequestration have changed over the past several decades in eastern North America, specifically, more frequent pluvial conditions, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, and decreased acidic deposition. These factors could lead to changes in the relationship between tree growth and water availability, and perhaps even decouple the two, having large implications on how future climate change will impact forest productivity and carbon sequestration. Here, we examine the concurrent influence of the climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration), CO2 concentrations, and sulfate and nitrogen deposition on radial tree growth, carbon isotopes, and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for several hardwood tree species in the Midwestern United States. We found that when considering the simultaneous influence of these factors, the climatic water balance is the dominant influence on annual growth. Therefore, the recent pluvial period is the primary cause of the weakening relationship between radial growth and water availability. Even during pluvial periods, water availability is the primary control on growth, with increasing CO2 concentrations and decreased SO4 deposition being secondary factors. Importantly, the weakening in the climate-growth relationship is species specific, with Acer species having stable relationships with the climatic water balance, Liriodendron tulipifera showing a strengthening relationship, and Quercus species and Populus grandidentata exhibiting weakening. Thus, interannual variations in soil moisture unevenly impact tree growth and carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that, despite recent pluvial conditions, increasing CO2 concentrations and decreasing acidic deposition have not buffered the impact of water availability on tree growth and carbon sequestration.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-09-03.
DOI: 10.25919/1mhv-gk30
title: Parkes observations for project P1375 semester 2025OCTS_03

description: Open clusters have historically shown a striking absence of neutron stars due to their shallow gravitational potential wells that cannot retain these compact objects after supernova explosions with large natal kicks. However, our recent archival search of Parkes observations has discovered three promising Rotating Radio Transient (RRAT) candidates, RRAT J1749-25, RRAT J1702-44, and RRAT J1237-60, in the direction of old open clusters. The dispersion measure (DM) analysis provides compelling evidence for cluster membership, with RRAT J1749-25 showing DM consistent with Theia 1661's predicted values, and RRAT J1237-60 exhibiting DM comparable to Trumpler 20's expectations. These detections are based on limited single-pulse observations with signal-to-noise ratios of ~7-8, requiring confirmation through extended observations. We propose follow-up observations using the Parkes Ultra-Wideband Low receiver with doubled integration times (2 hours per source, repeated twice) to confirm the astrophysical nature of these candidates and characterise their emission properties. Confirmation of neutron stars in open clusters would have profound implications for stellar evolution models, neutron star retention mechanisms, and our understanding of binary evolution in different stellar environments.
DOI: 10.25919/d57s-2393
title: Parkes observations for project P1382 semester 2025OCTS_05

description: The prevalence of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in and around the Galactic center and the bulge has been one of the key questions in pulsar astronomy. In addition to finding more exotic and interesting binary systems at and around the Galactic center and bulge due to the enhanced density of stars/stellar remnants, MSPs are also proposed to be one of the candidates to explain the observed Fermi gamma-ray excess. However, most of the MSPs discovered so far are field (disk) MSPs or those in globular clusters. Initial steps towards addressing the question of Galactic center/bulge MSPs were made with the discovery of the first MSPs in a Galactic filament, but more progress comes from the discovery of a sample of MSPs around the Galactic center. Blind surveys targeting MSPs can suffer from many observational biases that smear the pulses due to binary acceleration, scattering from the enhanced density, and so on, which increases the parameter space for discovery and can sometimes make the problem intractable. However, if pulsar candidates can be identified reliably from imaging surveys, then targeted observations can make the problem tractable in identifying the pulsations. We followed up a sample of polarized sources identified in the MeerKAT bulge imaging survey and discovered a sample of 16 new MSPs. Here we request the timing observations of 8 interesting MSPs (a subset of our discovery sample), to study the binary nature of these sources and their potential inclusion in pulsar timing array efforts.