cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.2d
title: Data from: Establishing cordgrass plants cluster their shoots to avoid ecosystem engineering

description: 1. Vegetated coastal ecosystems such as salt marshes, dunes and seagrass meadows occur at the land-sea interface ? a dynamic environment typified by harsh growing conditions. These ecosystems are known as biogeomorphic landscapes because their functioning depends on biophysical interactions by which organisms engineer landforms to their own benefit. The strength of such biogeomorphic feedbacks depends on plant traits, such as stem flexibility and shoot density. 2. Recent work demonstrated that dune grasses with similar morphological traits can build contrasting landscapes due to differences in their spatial shoot organization. However, in contrast to dune grasses that trap and stabilize sand particles in aeolian landscapes, flow attenuation in aquatic environments can generate scouring around plant stems and cause uprooting, leading to establishment thresholds for young plants. 3. Yet, it remains unknown how findings from aeolian landscapes translate to aquatic systems and how young clonally expanding plants in hydrodynamically exposed conditions overcome these establishment thresholds by optimizing shoot placement. 4. Here, we measured shoot patterns of 90 establishing cordgrass patches (Spartina anglica) at 18 European field sites that cover a broad range of hydrodynamic conditions. Next, we carried out a field experiment to investigate how observed spatial shoot patterns affect plant-sediment feedbacks. 5. Surprisingly, field survey analyses reveal highly consistent clustered shoot patterns, regardless of environmental conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this clustered pattern minimizes scouring compared to densely clumped organizations typically observed in established patches. 6. Synthesis. In contrast to earlier findings highlighting that establishing dune grasses optimize their landscape engineering capacity via a flexible shoot placement strategy, we find that cordgrass instead follows a fixed strategy that minimizes engineering effects in its early life stages. We suggest that marsh grasses avoid physical stress and associated establishment thresholds in their early life stage, and switch to an ecosystem engineering strategy once established. These findings shed new light on how plant traits interact with their environment to shape the landscape and pave the way for improved restoration designs by mimicking the natural shoot organization of establishing vegetation.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.dg
title: Data from: Global temperature homogenization can obliterate temporal isolation in migratory animals with potential loss of population structure

description: Climate change is expected to increase the spatial autocorrelation of temperature, resulting in greater synchronization of climate variables worldwide. Possibly such ?homogenization of the world? leads to elevated risks of extinction and loss of biodiversity. In this study, we develop an empirical example on how increasing synchrony of global temperatures can affect population structure in migratory animals. We studied two subspecies of Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica breeding in tundra regions in Siberia: yamalensis in the west and taymyrensis further east and north. These subspecies share pre- and post-breeding stopover areas, thus being partially sympatric, but exhibiting temporal segregation. The latter is believed to facilitate reproductive isolation. Using satellite tracking data, we show that migration timing of both subspecies is correlated with the date of snowmelt in their respective breeding sites (later at the taymyrensis breeding range). Snow-cover satellite images demonstrate that the breeding ranges are on different climate trajectories and become more synchronized over time: between 1997 and 2020, the date of snowmelt advanced on average by 0.5 days/year in the taymyrensis breeding range, while it remained stable in the yamalensis breeding range. Previous findings showed how taymyrensis responded to earlier snowmelt by advancing arrival and clutch initiation. In the predicted absence of such advancements in yamalensis, we expect that the two populations will be synchronized by 2036 ? 2040. Since Bar-tailed Godwits are social migrants, this raises the possibility of population exchange and prompts the question whether the two subspecies can maintain their geographic and morphological differences and population-specific migratory routines. The proposed scenario may apply to a wide range of (social) migrants as temporal segregation is crucial for promoting and maintaining reproductive isolation in many (partially sympatric) migratory populations. Homogenization of previously isolated populations could be an important consequence of increasing synchronized environments and hence climate change.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.yd
title: Data from: Prey ingestion rates revealed by back-mounted accelerometers in Eurasian spoonbills

description: Background Quantifying foraging success in space and time and among individuals is essential for answering many ecological questions and may guide conservation efforts. However, collecting this information is challenging for species that forage on mobile prey and are difficult to observe visually, for example, because they forage in inaccessible areas or at night. In such cases, the use of tracking devices that simultaneously collect location and acceleration data may provide a solution if foraging success can be extracted successfully. The aim of this study was to assess how well searching for and ingesting prey, among other behaviours, could be distinguished from 20 Hz acceleration data collected by GPS/ACC-trackers mounted on the back of Eurasian spoonbills Platalea leucorodia. Upon capturing a prey, spoonbills make a distinct movement with their head and back to throw the prey from the tip of the bill into the throat. Methods We compared the behavioural classification performance of random forest models that were trained and tested on video-annotated acceleration data segments of different (fixed or flexible) lengths. The best-performing model was then applied to 4 years of data of spoonbills foraging in the Wadden Sea during the breeding season, to explore seasonal and annual variation in prey ingestion rates. Results Highest classification accuracies (as indicated by the F-measure, a balanced measure of precision and sensitivity) of foraging behaviours were achieved by analysing short fixed-length segments (0.4-0.8 s) or 'flexibly-cut' segments. The F-measure was very high (&gt; 0.90) for searching, standing, sitting and flying (distinguishing active and passive flight), 0.73 for ingesting prey and 0.65 for walking. False positive and negative prey ingestions were equally likely and most often confused with searching, resulting in a close match between the predicted and observed prey ingestion rates. Application of the best-performing model revealed strong seasonal patterns in prey ingestion rates in the Wadden Sea that varied between years. Conclusions We show that prey ingestion rates of Eurasian spoonbills can be fairly accurately estimated from acceleration data. These results are promising for the use of spoonbills equipped with GPS/ACC-trackers as monitors of spatial and temporal variation in the availability of small fish and shrimp, which is key to understand their foraging and migratory movements of spoonbills and provides information on the quality of (coastal) wetlands.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.1d
title: Data from: Space-time analyses of sediment composition reveals synchronized dynamics at all intertidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea

description: Here we present median grain size (micrometer) and mud content (%) data of the entire intertidal Dutch Wadden Sea that was sampled every year between 2009 and 2019. As can be read in the accompanying paper, the raw data were taken on a 500 m grid and on randomly located stations. Between 4,051 and 4,246 samples were collected and analyzed every year, which made a total of 45,808 over the study period. Most of the sampling took place in the months between June and August and the stations were not sampled at the same dates across years. Sampling stations were visited by foot during low tide and by boat during high tide. Sediment samples were taken with a small core with a diameter of 33 mm from the surface of the intertidal flats to a depth of 4 cm and then frozen at -20 degrees C. In the laboratory, the samples were freeze-dried for up to 96 h and then homogenized with a mortar and pestle. Homogenized samples were weighed and placed into 13 ml polypropylene auto-sampler tubes with degassed water that was purified by means of reverse osmosis. Grain size distributions were measured with a particle size analyzer which uses laser diffraction and Polarization Intensity Differential Scattering technology (Coulter LS 13 320, optical module 'grey'). It measures grain sizes from 0.04 to 2000 micrometer in 126 size classes. It is important to note that our samples were not treated with hydrogen chloride and hydrogen peroxide to remove calcium and organic material. For further details concerning sediment analysis we refer to the accompanying paper.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.gc
title: Data from: Spatial patterns in age- and colony-specific survival in a long-lived seabird across 14 contrasting colonies

description: Demographic rates such as recruitment and survival probability can vary considerably among populations of the same species due to variation in underlying environmental processes. If environmental processes are spatially correlated, nearby populations are expected to have more similar demographic rates than those further apart. Breeding populations and foraging ranges are spatially segregated in colonial seabirds, making them ideal for studying spatial patterns in demographic rates and their effects on local population dynamics. Here we explored variation in age-dependent survival probabilities across 14 colonies of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus breeding along the Dutch North Sea coast. We used long-term mark-recapture data of marked fledglings to estimate survival, and estimated spatial autocorrelation of survival probabilities. We assessed whether survival until recruitment age or until 10-years old (close to their expected lifespan) explained variation in population trajectories of each colony. Juvenile and adult survival showed a strong, but different, north-to-south gradient in survival, probability with lower juvenile but higher adult survival in northern colonies than southern colonies, whereas the spatial pattern of immature survival was less distinct. Neither recruitment nor the proportion of 10-year-old adults alive predicted whether a colony collapsed, declined, remained stable or increased. The distinct spatial pattern in survival suggests variation in regional food availability, which do not seem to drive local population dynamics. The absence of a link between survival and colony trajectories implies that connectivity between populations plays an important role affecting population dynamics.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.yg
title: Dataset belonging to "Constraining sulfur incorporation in calcite using controlled growth experiments"

description: The sulfur over calcium ratio (S/Ca) in foraminiferal shells was recently proposed as a new and independent proxy for reconstructing marine inorganic carbon chemistry. This new approach assumes that sulfur is incorporated into CaCO3 predominantly in the form of sulfate (SO42-) through lattice substitution for carbonate ions (CO32-), and that S/Ca thus reflects seawater [CO32-]. Although foraminiferal growth experiments validated this approach, field studies showed controversial results suggesting that the potential impact of [CO32-] may be overwritten by one or more parameters. Hence, to better understand the inorganic processes involved, we here investigate S/Ca values in inorganically precipitated CaCO3 (S/Ca(cc)) grown in solutions of CaCl2 - Na2CO3 - Na2SO4 - B(OH)3 - MgCl2. Experimental results indicate the dependence of sulfate partitioning in CaCO3 on the carbon chemistry via changing pH and suggest that faster precipitation rates increase the partition coefficient for sulfur. Based on the positive correlation found between S/Ca(cc) and the concentration of only one aqueous sulfate species, [CaSO40](aq), we here suggest a critical evaluation of this potential proxy. As sulfate complexation seems to control sulfate uptake in inorganic calcite, application as a proxy using foraminiferal calcite may be limited to periods for which seawater chemistry is well-constrained. As foraminiferal calcite growth is modulated by inward Ca2+ flow to the site of calcification coupled to outward H+ pumping, sulfate incorporation as CaSO40 ion-pair in the foraminifer?s shell also provides a mechanistic link for the observed relationship between S/Ca(cc) and [CO32-].
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.gb
title: Data-set for the paper "Phosphate and Nitrate Uptake Dynamics in Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyceae): Ecological and Physiological Aspects of Nutrient Availability"

description: Uptake dynamics of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) and dissolved inorganic nitrate (DIN) in young Palmaria palmata (n = 49), cultivated in a range of DIP concentrations (0.0 6.0 mol L1) and nonlimiting DIN concentration (50 mol L1) under fully controlled laboratory conditions, were quantified in a pulse-and-chase approach over 5 weeks. Two different uptake rates were specified: (1) surge uptake (VS) after starvation and (2) maintenance uptake with filled nutrient pools (VM). VS for DIP of 1.57 0.29 mol cm2 d1 and DIN of 15.6 4.3 mol cm2 d , as well as VM for DIP of 0.57 0.22 mol cm2 d1 and DIN of 5.6 2.1 mol cm2 d1 were calculated. In addition, an absolute size of the internal storage capacity (ISC) for DIP of 22 mol cm2 and DIN of 222 mol cm2 was determined. A DIPtoDIN uptake ratio of 1:10 under VM showed a weekly rhythmic uptake pattern, highlighted by a high correlation between DIP and DIN uptake (R = 0.943). VS for DIN did not occur under DIP depletion, but uptake rates increased with increasing DIP availability. Hence, DIP availability limited access to DIN, which was also reflected by total dissolvable protein concentrations in sporophytes, which ranged from 10.2 2.5% to 24.6 8.0% dry weight depending on DIP availability. Similarly, total dissolvable carbohydrate concentration ranged from 22.1 3.6% to 54.3 12.3% dry weight. The data presented in this study open further insight into ecological and physiological aspects of nutrient availability in P. palmata and allow for an optimization in cultivation.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.lb
title: Diapycnal nutrient mixing

description: In this data file nutrient, DFe and raw CTD data are available used for the paper "Diapycnal mixing across the photic zone of the NE-Atlantic". Variable physical conditions such as vertical turbulent exchange, internal wave and mesoscale eddy action, affect the availability of light and nutrients for phytoplankton (unicellular algae) growth. It is hypothesized that changes in ocean temperature may affect ocean vertical density stratification, which may hamper vertical exchange. In order to quantify variations in physical conditions in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, we sampled a latitudinal transect along 17 degrees 5minutes W between 30 and 63 degrees N in summer. A shipborne Conductivity-Temperature-Depth CTD-instrumented package was used with a custom-made modification of the pump-inlet to minimize detrimental effects of ship motions on its data. Thorpe-scale analysis was used to establish turbulence values for the upper 500 m from 3 to 6 profiles obtained in a short CTD-yoyo, 3 to 5 h after local sunrise. From south to north, average temperature decreased together with stratification while turbulence values weakly increased or remained constant. Vertical turbulent nutrient fluxes did not vary significantly with stratification and latitude. This apparent lack of correspondence between turbulent mixing and temperature is likely due to internal waves breaking (increased stratification can support more internal waves), acting as a potential feed-back mechanism. As this feed-back mechanism mediates potential physical environment changes in temperature, global surface ocean warming may not affect the vertical nutrient fluxes to a large degree. We urge modelers to test this deduction as it could imply that the future summer phytoplankton productivity in stratified oligotrophic waters would experience little alterations in nutrient input from deeper waters.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.lc
title: Discrete underway surface seawater dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity and nutrients for R/V Sonne cruise SO279.

description: This dataset contains 51 measurements (all from the underway water system) of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA) and nutrients (Si, PO4, NH4, NO3 and NO2) from the Azores Region (North Atlantic Ocean). The samples were collected during R/V Sonne cruise SO279 in Dec 2020, as part of the NAPTRAM research programme to build an understanding of the transport pathways of plastic and microplastic debris in the North Atlantic. Measurements for TA and DIC were carried out using a VINDTA 3C instrument (#017, Marianda, Germany) and nutrients were analysed using a Seal QuAAtro, gas-segmented continuous flow analyser. All analysis was conducted at the NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. Bad results from technical issues during analysis have been removed from these results, so there are no recognised issues. The data were collected as part of an international effort from the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and BMBF project PLASTISEA , and forms a joint effort of HOTMIC and PLASTISEA researchers from a range of countries and institutes. The NIOZ created the metadata entry and is responsible for holding master copies of the data.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.vf
title: Discrete underway surface seawater dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity for R/V Sonne cruise SO289.

description: This dataset contains 32 measurements (all from the underway water system) of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) from the South Pacific Ocean. The samples were collected during R/V Sonne cruise SO289 in February-April 2022, as part of the GEOTRACES GP21 research programme to build an understanding of the distribution, origins, and depletions of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) in a lesser-explored ocean region. Measurements for TA and DIC were carried out using a VINDTA 3C instrument (#014, Marianda, Germany) and a Seal QuAAtro, gas-segmented continuous flow analyser. All analysis was conducted at the NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. Bad results from technical issues during analysis have been removed from these results, so there are no recognised issues. The NIOZ created the metadata entry and is responsible for holding master copies of the data.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.jd
title: Disentangling the diet composition of Arctic shorebirds? chicks provides a new perspective on trophic mismatches: dataset

description: We use metabarcoding of prey items in faeces to show that chicks of four different shorebird species (red knot, curlew sandpiper, little stint, and red phalarope) strongly differ in their arthropod diet, which may have implications for the calculations of trophic mismatches.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.kb
title: Dubbele dijken als robuuste waterkerende landschappen voor een welvarende Zuidwestelijke Delta. NIOZ Report 2021-01

description: Klimaatopwarming en zeespiegelverandering dwingen ons om de aanpak met betrekking tot waterveiligheid tegen het licht te houden en zelfs te heroverwegen. De huidige Nederlandse aanpak waarbij dijken steeds hoger en breder worden zorgt op termijn voor problemen. Door voortgaande bodemdaling nemen op termijn de kosten toe om waterkeringen stabiel te houden en verzilting tegen te gaan. In dit rapport onderzoeken we de kansen voor implementatie van dubbele dijken met een wisselpolder als alternatief voor de huidige aanpak. Bij een dubbele dijk wordt een dijk landwaarts van de zeewaartse dijk aangelegd, of een bestaande slaperdijk opgewaardeerd. Tevens wordt een doorlaat in de zeewaartse dijk gemaakt zodat de tussenliggende wisselpolder door getijden overstroomd en op kan slibben. Doordat de bodemhoogte toeneemt worden de dijken stabieler en hoeven minder opgehoogd te worden, wat kosten kan besparen. De wisselpolder kan baten leveren wanneer deze voor aquacultuur en zilte teelt of voor natuurontwikkeling, waar recreatie en toerisme van kunnen profiteren, gebruikt wordt. Wanneer de bodem op hoogte is kan de doorlaat afgesloten worden om de wisselpolder weer voor landbouw in gebruik te nemen. In deze studie werken we het concept van dubbele dijken met wisselpolder in meer detail uit. We voeren een kosten-batenanalyse en economische effectrapportage van een estuarium brede implementatie in de Zuidwestelijke Delta uit, langs de oevers van de Westerschelde, Oosterschelde en het Haringvliet. Daarbij maken we gebruik van een model welke de bodemhoogte in de wisselpolders berekend en de daaraan gekoppelde baten m.b.t. aquacultuur, zilte teelt en natuur. We vergelijken de dubbelde dijken met zowel de conventionele dijkophoging ('business as usual') als ook een alternatief met overslagbestendige dijken. Uit deze analyse blijkt dat dubbele dijken met wisselpolders op alle fronten goed scoort ten opzichte van de conventionele aanpak. Ondanks de hoogste implementatiekosten is het investeringsrendement hoog en voegt het nieuwe economische en natuurlijke functies toe aan het landschap, waardoor een no-regret investering ontstaat. Tijdige implementatie is echter essentieel voor het succes ervan, omdat door zeespiegelstijging de bodemophoging achter kan blijven. Wanneer de bodem in de wisselpolders tussen de dubbele dijken relatief laag blijft, heeft dat niet direct gevolgen voor de waterkerende werking. Wel zal de mogelijkheid om de polder weer in gebruik te nemen voor landbouw uitblijven en zal de stabilisatie minder zijn. Daar staat tegenover dat de wisselpolders langer voor aquacultuur geschikt blijven, welke een sterk alternatief voor landbouw zijn. Concluderend zijn dubbele dijken met wisselpolders een betaalbaar alternatief en zorgen ze voor een veilig en robuust waterkerend landschap met meerwaarde voor de regionale economie en natuur.
DOI: 10.25850/nioz/7b.b.mb
title: Ecologische effecten van het incident met de MSC Zoe op het Nederlandse Waddengebied, met focus op microplastics. NIOZ report 2021-03

description: Tijdens een storm op 1 januari 2019 verloor het containerschip MSC Zoe een deel van haar lading ten noorden van de Nederlandse en Duitse Waddeneilanden. In totaal sloegen 342 containers overboord. Een deel van de inhoud kwam in zee terecht, en de volgende dagen spoelde veel materiaal aan op de Waddeneilanden. Hieronder bevonden zich ook grote aantallen drijvende witte plastic pellets van Hoge-Dichtheid-Polyethyleen (HDPE) en bolvormige polystyreen (PS) korreltjes. Rijkswaterstaat Noord-Nederland heeft eind 2019 aan het Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ) en Wageningen Marine Research (WMR) gevraagd, volgende het advies van de Waddenacademie (Philippart e.a., 2019) onderzoek te doen naar de (mogelijke) effecten van de door MSC Zoe verloren materialen op het ecosysteem met een speciale focus op de microplastics, en op de Nederlandse Waddenzee. Dit rapport beschrijft de resultaten van dit onderzoek. Er is gebruik gemaakt van extra monsters genomen tijdens bestaande biologische monitoringsprogramma's van water, sediment, schelpdieren, vissen, braakballen en uitwerpselen van vogels, en van langs de kust aangetroffen dode zeevogels en zeezoogdieren. Hierin werd gezocht naar de aanwezigheid van microplastics in het algemeen en de plastics die aan de MSC Zoe gelinkt kunnen worden in het bijzonder. Er zijn ook simulaties gedaan met deeltjesverspreidingsmodellen om een beter beeld te krijgen van de mogelijke verspreiding, en laboratoriumexperimenten in mesocosms om de opname door organismen en mogelijke gevolgen op hun gezondheid te onderzoeken.