DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd51c5bcr
title: Data from: Geographic source of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the eastern United States

description: Bats subject to high rates of fatalities at wind-energy facilities are of
 conservation concern, but the impact on broader bat populations is
 difficult to assess. One reason is the poor understanding of the
 geographic source of individual fatalities and whether they constitute
 local resident individuals or migrants. Here, we used stable hydrogen
 isotopes, trace elements and species distribution models to determine the
 summer geographic origins of three different bat species (Lasiurus
 borealis, L. cinereus, and Lasionycteris noctivagans) killed at
 wind-energy facilities in Ohio and Maryland in the eastern United States.
 In Ohio, 58.4%, 78.7%, and 97.8% of all individuals of L. borealis, L.
 cinereus, and L. noctivagans, respectively, lacked evidence of movement
 and were likely residents. In contrast, in Maryland 22.7%, 62.9% and 72.7%
 of these same species were classified as residents. Our results suggest
 that a substantial portion of bats killed at a given wind facility are
 likely derived from resident populations. Finally, there is variation in
 the proportion of residents killed between seasons for some species and
 evidence of philopatry to summer roosts. Overall, these results indicate
 that impact of wind-energy facilities on resident bat populations may be
 greater than previously appreciated, but this impact is likely to vary
 across species and sites. Similar studies should be conducted across a
 boarder geographic scale to understand the impacts on bat populations from
 wind-energy facilities.
description: Data were processed following protocols set in Wieringa et al.
 (2023).  Wieringa, J.G., Nagel, J., Campbell, C.J.,
 Nelson, D.M., Carstens, B.C., and Gibbs, H.L. 2023. Geographic source of
 bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the eastern United States. PeerJ
 [<em>in submission</em>].
description: # Data from: Geographic source of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in
 the eastern United States 
 Included in these files are all of the raw data (trace element and
 isotopic) that were used to determine the origin of bats killed at wind
 farms in Ohio and Maryland. ## Description of the data and file structure
 Key terms or abbreviations for included files: 1. OH: Ohio 2. MD: Maryland
 3. TE: Trace Elements 4. isotope: stable hydrogen isotopes 5. iso: isotope
 6. sdm: species distribution model 7. combined: The combined maps of
 isotopes, trace elements, and species distribution models 8. labo:
 Lasiurus borealis, eastern red bat 9. laci: Lasiurus cinereus, hoary bat
 10. lano: Lasionycteris noctivagans, silver-haired bat Each folder may not
 have the same structure. Species distribution models do not differentiate
 by state, or have multiple files for each species as the map created is
 species wide, rather than created for each individual. The file structure
 for isotopes and trace elements breakdown as such [comments explaining
 each level in brackets, if multiple options are available all are shown
 split by "/"]: maps[base folder with all generated
 maps]&gt;iso/sdm[type of marker to look at, isotope or trace
 elements]&gt;md/oh[state from which samples were
 collected]&gt;labo/labo2/laci/laci2/lano/lano2[folder for each species,
 the number denotes the raw generated map (no number) or the cropped map to
 ensure all maps align properly (2)]&gt;*.tif[maps for each individual]
 Included in this dataset are the following items: 1\. Trace element
 results for MD and OH \\(named as such\\) 2\. Isotope results for MD and
 OH \\(named as such\\) 3\. Folders for the following: a. isotope maps (OH
 and MD) b. trace element origin maps (OH and MD) c. species distribution
 maps used (OH and MD) d. the combined likely origin maps generated (OH and
 MD) All trace element concentrations are in ppb. All isotope results are
 shown as a comparison of deutirum to hydrogen. ## Code/Software No new
 code was written for this manuscript or using these data. Code can be
 found in the manuscript describing the approach: Wieringa, J.G., Nagel,
 J., Campbell, C.J., Nelson, D.M., Carstens, B.C. and Gibbs, H.L., 2023.
 Combining stable isotopes, trace elements, and distribution models to
 assess the geographic origins of migratory bats. *Ecosphere*, *14*(6),
 p.e4588.