cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509269.v1
title: Assessment of water-saving equipment to support the urban management of water

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of the implementation of water-saving equipment in residences in the municipality of Caruaru-PE as a measure of water conservation and mitigation of the drought effects that have been devastating the region along the past five years. For this purpose, eight neighborhoods were selected and their populations were estimated along the years of 2015 and 2035. Subsequently, the water consumption per capita, water volumes consumed with the use of conventional sanitary equipment and with the use of water-saving equipment were calculated, obtaining the volume of water saved. For the estimates of cost for the services and material required for the installation of water-saving equipment, tables of price compositions for budgets were consulted and adapted. The results demonstrated that it is possible to save up to 40% of consumed water only with the implementation of water-saving equipment, with a mean return time of six and a half years. Therefore, it is possible to understand that the use of water-saving equipment represents an important instrument of water management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509272
title: Evaluation of upper Uruguay river basin (Brazil) operational flood forecasts

description: ABSTRACT System for hydrological forecasting and alert running in an operational way are important tools for floods impacts reduction. The present study describes the development and results evaluation of an operational discharge forecasting system of the upper Uruguay River basin, sited in Southern Brazil. Developed system was operated every day to provide experimental forecasts with special interest for Barra Grande and Campos Novos hydroelectric power plants reservoirs inflow, with 10 days in advance. We present results of inflow forecasted for floods occurred between July 2013 to July 2016, the period which the system was operated. Forecasts results by visual and performance metrics analysis showed a good fit with observations in most cases, with possibility of floods occurrence being well predicted with antecedence of 2 to 3 days. Comparing the locations, it was noted that the sub-basin of Campos Novos, being slower in rainfall-runoff transformation, is easier forecasted. The difference in predictability between the two basins can be observed by the coefficient of persistence, which is positive from 12h in Barra Grande and from 24h to Campos Novos. These coefficient values also show the value of the rainfall-runoff modeling for forecast horizons of more than one day in the basins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509272.v1
title: Evaluation of upper Uruguay river basin (Brazil) operational flood forecasts

description: ABSTRACT System for hydrological forecasting and alert running in an operational way are important tools for floods impacts reduction. The present study describes the development and results evaluation of an operational discharge forecasting system of the upper Uruguay River basin, sited in Southern Brazil. Developed system was operated every day to provide experimental forecasts with special interest for Barra Grande and Campos Novos hydroelectric power plants reservoirs inflow, with 10 days in advance. We present results of inflow forecasted for floods occurred between July 2013 to July 2016, the period which the system was operated. Forecasts results by visual and performance metrics analysis showed a good fit with observations in most cases, with possibility of floods occurrence being well predicted with antecedence of 2 to 3 days. Comparing the locations, it was noted that the sub-basin of Campos Novos, being slower in rainfall-runoff transformation, is easier forecasted. The difference in predictability between the two basins can be observed by the coefficient of persistence, which is positive from 12h in Barra Grande and from 24h to Campos Novos. These coefficient values also show the value of the rainfall-runoff modeling for forecast horizons of more than one day in the basins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510952
title: Flood damping by reservoirs: proposition of a graphical parametric method

description: ABSTRACT Flood reduction constitutes an important characteristic of surface reservoir design. Thus, to ensure that minimum safety standards are met, the Safety Dams Act was approved in 2010. Many multipurpose surface reservoirs are aging and getting out of the current technical standards. In Ceará State, Brazil, there are several dams built for many decades, with spillways sized by empirical formulae which are currently outdated. This article contributes to improve the understanding of the morphological and hydrological factors involved in the process of damping floods in reservoirs and the development of a simple application method that estimates the damping, from such factors. To do so, hydrological simulations of several scenarios representative of reservoir and hydrographic basins configurations were performed. As a result, the impact of each parameter on flood damping was determined. A graphical method was proposed in which all the morphological parameters of the basin and the reservoir were aggregated into a single dimensionless parameter - the Reservoir Damping Index (Φ). With the value of Φ calculated, it is possible to estimate the damping capacity of the reservoir. This method can be used for the design of new reservoirs or for the verification of reservoir spillways already constructed with other methodologies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509773
title: Temporal dependence of potentiometric levels and groundwater salinity in alluvial aquifer upon rainfall and evapotranspiration

description: ABSTRACT Rainfall uncertainty and high evapotranspiration rates in the semiarid regions not only play an important impact on surface water scarcity, but interfere on shallow groundwater quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to apply geostatistical methodology to analyze the time dependence of potentiometric levels and groundwater salinity in an intensively monitored alluvial aquifer upon agroclimatological variables, and thus investigate possible monthly and annual correlations. Statistically stable piezometers were considered for the temporal analysis, representing the mean behavior of the whole aquifer. It has been verified that stable piezometers for groundwater levels exhibited temporal dependence of 7 months, similar to the temporal scale of variation for monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, which is consistent to the resulting crossed-semivariogram. Meanwhile, stable piezometers for electrical conductivity showed high uncertainty on temporal dependence scale, which ranged from 3 to 8 months. Thus, rainfall and evapotranspiration alone did not properly explain the temporal dynamics of groundwater salinity. The produced maps successfully identified the long term time pattern of groundwater variation, constituting an important support for water resources evaluation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509773.v1
title: Temporal dependence of potentiometric levels and groundwater salinity in alluvial aquifer upon rainfall and evapotranspiration

description: ABSTRACT Rainfall uncertainty and high evapotranspiration rates in the semiarid regions not only play an important impact on surface water scarcity, but interfere on shallow groundwater quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to apply geostatistical methodology to analyze the time dependence of potentiometric levels and groundwater salinity in an intensively monitored alluvial aquifer upon agroclimatological variables, and thus investigate possible monthly and annual correlations. Statistically stable piezometers were considered for the temporal analysis, representing the mean behavior of the whole aquifer. It has been verified that stable piezometers for groundwater levels exhibited temporal dependence of 7 months, similar to the temporal scale of variation for monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, which is consistent to the resulting crossed-semivariogram. Meanwhile, stable piezometers for electrical conductivity showed high uncertainty on temporal dependence scale, which ranged from 3 to 8 months. Thus, rainfall and evapotranspiration alone did not properly explain the temporal dynamics of groundwater salinity. The produced maps successfully identified the long term time pattern of groundwater variation, constituting an important support for water resources evaluation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509776
title: Multi-criteria potential groundwater contamination and human activities: Araras watershed, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Assessment of groundwater contamination potential using geological, hydrological and hydrogeological attributes, is an efficient mechanism of sub-surface water resources protection and conservation. However, usually this method does not take into consideration the potentially polluting human activities, either in punctual or diffuse sources, or because the relative importance of the attributes are not considered. The paper proposes a multi-criteria approach as a way of solving this gap, reducing subjectivity and considering land use/cover due human actions influence in the process. The study was developed in Araras river watershed (Paraná Basin, Brazil) using rock, groundwater, relief, soils, and land use/land cover classification, employing multi-criteria analysis and data of contamination sources. The potential contamination classification showed the predominance (54% of the area) of very high and high potential, especially due to geological environment conditions (exploitation areas and groundwater recharge of the Itararé Aquifer - clastic sedimentary and free flow). The contaminant sources analyzed are located mainly in higher potential contamination areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509776.v1
title: Multi-criteria potential groundwater contamination and human activities: Araras watershed, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Assessment of groundwater contamination potential using geological, hydrological and hydrogeological attributes, is an efficient mechanism of sub-surface water resources protection and conservation. However, usually this method does not take into consideration the potentially polluting human activities, either in punctual or diffuse sources, or because the relative importance of the attributes are not considered. The paper proposes a multi-criteria approach as a way of solving this gap, reducing subjectivity and considering land use/cover due human actions influence in the process. The study was developed in Araras river watershed (Paraná Basin, Brazil) using rock, groundwater, relief, soils, and land use/land cover classification, employing multi-criteria analysis and data of contamination sources. The potential contamination classification showed the predominance (54% of the area) of very high and high potential, especially due to geological environment conditions (exploitation areas and groundwater recharge of the Itararé Aquifer - clastic sedimentary and free flow). The contaminant sources analyzed are located mainly in higher potential contamination areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513664
title: Quali-quantitative characterization of organic matter in urbanized drainage basins as a basis for the application of Water Resources Management Instruments

description: ABSTRACT The challenge imposed by law no. 9433/97 to establish mechanisms for the recovery of bodies of water led to a dynamic of research that could guarantee not only an adequate understanding of the management instruments but also the technical basis for their application. In this research, emphasis was placed on understanding the dynamics of organic matter (OM) in a drainage basin heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities, through the analysis and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative information. The case study was the Iguaçu River basin, from its headwaters in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (MRC) to the municipality of União da Vitória. The results obtained showed a large deposition of labile OM in the MRC coming probably from domestic effluents, with consequent DO depletion and water quality degradation. However, after the more urbanized region, there is a reduction in the concentration of OM and the indication of the predominance of pedogenic material, suggesting that in addition to the dilution effect, there is less input of anthropogenic effluents in this region, which results in an improvement in water quality, represented mainly by the recovery of the DO concentration. The combined use of quantitative data and UV-visible spectroscopy was fundamental to comprehend the variation in the characteristics of OM and its sources along the studied section.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513664.v1
title: Quali-quantitative characterization of organic matter in urbanized drainage basins as a basis for the application of Water Resources Management Instruments

description: ABSTRACT The challenge imposed by law no. 9433/97 to establish mechanisms for the recovery of bodies of water led to a dynamic of research that could guarantee not only an adequate understanding of the management instruments but also the technical basis for their application. In this research, emphasis was placed on understanding the dynamics of organic matter (OM) in a drainage basin heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities, through the analysis and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative information. The case study was the Iguaçu River basin, from its headwaters in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (MRC) to the municipality of União da Vitória. The results obtained showed a large deposition of labile OM in the MRC coming probably from domestic effluents, with consequent DO depletion and water quality degradation. However, after the more urbanized region, there is a reduction in the concentration of OM and the indication of the predominance of pedogenic material, suggesting that in addition to the dilution effect, there is less input of anthropogenic effluents in this region, which results in an improvement in water quality, represented mainly by the recovery of the DO concentration. The combined use of quantitative data and UV-visible spectroscopy was fundamental to comprehend the variation in the characteristics of OM and its sources along the studied section.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5667640
title: Comparison of data mining models applied to a surface meteorological station

description: ABSTRACT This paper presents the application of data mining techniques for pattern identification obtained from the analysis of meteorological variables and their correlation with the occurrence of intense rainfall. The used data were collected between 2008 and 2012 by the surface meteorological station of the Polytechnic Institute of Rio de Janeiro State University, located in Nova Friburgo - RJ, Brazil. The main objective is the automatic prediction related to extreme precipitation events surrounding the meteorological station location one hour prior its occurrence. Classification models were developed based on decision trees and artificial neural networks. The steps of consistency analysis, treatment and data conversion, as well as the computational models used are described, and some metrics are compared in order to identify their effectiveness. The results obtained for the most accurate model presented a rate of 82. 9% of hits related to the prediction of rainfall equal to or greater than 10 mm h-1 one hour prior its occurrence. The results indicate the possibility of using this work to predict risk events in the study region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5667640.v1
title: Comparison of data mining models applied to a surface meteorological station

description: ABSTRACT This paper presents the application of data mining techniques for pattern identification obtained from the analysis of meteorological variables and their correlation with the occurrence of intense rainfall. The used data were collected between 2008 and 2012 by the surface meteorological station of the Polytechnic Institute of Rio de Janeiro State University, located in Nova Friburgo - RJ, Brazil. The main objective is the automatic prediction related to extreme precipitation events surrounding the meteorological station location one hour prior its occurrence. Classification models were developed based on decision trees and artificial neural networks. The steps of consistency analysis, treatment and data conversion, as well as the computational models used are described, and some metrics are compared in order to identify their effectiveness. The results obtained for the most accurate model presented a rate of 82. 9% of hits related to the prediction of rainfall equal to or greater than 10 mm h-1 one hour prior its occurrence. The results indicate the possibility of using this work to predict risk events in the study region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668927.v1
title: A procedure to analyze the viability of rainwater harvesting systems in urban areas based on pre-defined diagrams

description: ABSTRACT Giving some specific precipitation regimes and technical design parameters, urban Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) may represent an alternative source to drinking water supply system promoting its conservation and rational use. The use of RWHS requires the definition of generic and simplified method for sizing RWHS accumulation tanks, which is has being considered the most expensive component of the system. Additionally, several methods have being used to define reservoir volumes leading to a wide variety of final reservoir volumes many of them over estimated. The main objective of this article is to present a new methodology to define RWHS reservoir volumes considering technical and economic viabilities of the systems. The proposed methodology was incorporated into a Decision Support System (DSS), named SARA. The method provides an alternative way to define smaller RWHS reservoir volumes once it accepts lower levels of reliabilities giving that the RWHS is considered a complimentary system, better suited for urban areas. RWHS design diagrams are built as a result of the methodology in an attempt to offer a tool to initial and rapid design of reservoir volumes for RWSH. The method was applied to different urban areas in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5668927
title: A procedure to analyze the viability of rainwater harvesting systems in urban areas based on pre-defined diagrams

description: ABSTRACT Giving some specific precipitation regimes and technical design parameters, urban Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) may represent an alternative source to drinking water supply system promoting its conservation and rational use. The use of RWHS requires the definition of generic and simplified method for sizing RWHS accumulation tanks, which is has being considered the most expensive component of the system. Additionally, several methods have being used to define reservoir volumes leading to a wide variety of final reservoir volumes many of them over estimated. The main objective of this article is to present a new methodology to define RWHS reservoir volumes considering technical and economic viabilities of the systems. The proposed methodology was incorporated into a Decision Support System (DSS), named SARA. The method provides an alternative way to define smaller RWHS reservoir volumes once it accepts lower levels of reliabilities giving that the RWHS is considered a complimentary system, better suited for urban areas. RWHS design diagrams are built as a result of the methodology in an attempt to offer a tool to initial and rapid design of reservoir volumes for RWSH. The method was applied to different urban areas in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510592
title: Verification of Saint-Venant equations solution based on the lax diffusive method for flow routing in natural channels

description: RESUMO Modelos hidrodinâmicos, formados pelas equações de Saint-Venant, representam o escoamento transitório em sistemas hídricos, e simulam a propagação de vazões ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Diversas soluções numéricas têm sido aplicadas a essas expressões, porém frequentemente são encontradas diferenças de resultados entre procedimentos, uma vez que toda aproximação numérica possui limitações. Canais naturais são caracterizados por um comportamento dinâmico das vazões, considerando os usos múltiplos da água e as alterações de morfologia, que ocorrem naturalmente ou por influência antrópica. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho procura complementar o entendimento acerca de diferentes hipóteses e aproximações para solução das equações de Saint-Venant, verificando resultados do esquema difusivo de Lax e comparando com o software HEC-RAS. O estudo de caso consiste em um rio que drena uma área densamente povoada (rio Iguaçu, localizado em Curitiba-PR). Ao comparar os hidrogramas observados e simulados, foi possível avaliar que a forma como as equações são resolvidas, que por sua vez determina o tipo de condição de contorno a ser utilizada, pode contribuir para diferenças na vazão simulada. Adicionalmente, foi observado que a calibração alcançada é adequada, assim como a hipótese de seção transversal trapezoidal. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa deve auxiliar ainda o avanço na solução do modelo hidrodinâmico pelo esquema difusivo de Lax, principalmente no que concerne à eficiência computacional. Esquemas explícitos, apesar de serem mais sensíveis ao intervalo temporal de simulação, apresentam a vantagem de simplificação para implementação, o que pode trazer benefícios no estudo de sistemas complexos, como rios urbanos.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510592.v1
title: Verification of Saint-Venant equations solution based on the lax diffusive method for flow routing in natural channels

description: RESUMO Modelos hidrodinâmicos, formados pelas equações de Saint-Venant, representam o escoamento transitório em sistemas hídricos, e simulam a propagação de vazões ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Diversas soluções numéricas têm sido aplicadas a essas expressões, porém frequentemente são encontradas diferenças de resultados entre procedimentos, uma vez que toda aproximação numérica possui limitações. Canais naturais são caracterizados por um comportamento dinâmico das vazões, considerando os usos múltiplos da água e as alterações de morfologia, que ocorrem naturalmente ou por influência antrópica. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho procura complementar o entendimento acerca de diferentes hipóteses e aproximações para solução das equações de Saint-Venant, verificando resultados do esquema difusivo de Lax e comparando com o software HEC-RAS. O estudo de caso consiste em um rio que drena uma área densamente povoada (rio Iguaçu, localizado em Curitiba-PR). Ao comparar os hidrogramas observados e simulados, foi possível avaliar que a forma como as equações são resolvidas, que por sua vez determina o tipo de condição de contorno a ser utilizada, pode contribuir para diferenças na vazão simulada. Adicionalmente, foi observado que a calibração alcançada é adequada, assim como a hipótese de seção transversal trapezoidal. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa deve auxiliar ainda o avanço na solução do modelo hidrodinâmico pelo esquema difusivo de Lax, principalmente no que concerne à eficiência computacional. Esquemas explícitos, apesar de serem mais sensíveis ao intervalo temporal de simulação, apresentam a vantagem de simplificação para implementação, o que pode trazer benefícios no estudo de sistemas complexos, como rios urbanos.