DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17307244
title: Table 2 in A Checklist of Stenoendemic Angiosperms of Tamil Nadu

description: Table 2:. List of IUCN red-listed threatened taxa of Tamil Nadu.
Sl.NoBotanical NameFamilyConservation StatusReferences1Neuracanthus neesianus (Wight ex T. Anderson) C.B. ClarkeAcanthaceaeExtinct. Only two herbarium sheets of this species collected from Tami Nadu: Paloor, Palayankottai is available in the Hooker Herbarium at Kew.Kameswara et al. (2003)2Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp. novAcanthaceaeCritically Endangered. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) is c. 0.5 km² and the distribution is limited to the type locality and total population is less than20 individuals. This species is classified in criterion B (AOO) under B2a and B2b and criterion D (number of mature individuals is less than 20) as well to meet the criteria for the Critically Endangered B2ab (ii,iii,v); D.Raja et al. (2023)3Lepidagathis gandhii Gnanasek., A.F.J.King, S.M.Kasim & ArisdasonAcanthaceaeCritically Endangered. The EOO and AOO for this species are 21.2 km2 and 16 km2 respectively. Severe decline of mature individuals was observed in the field. The species is evaluated provisionally here as ‘Critically Endangered’ [CR B1b(i,iii,v)c(i) + 2b(ii,iii,v)c(ii)] following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 15.1.Gnanasekaran et al. (2023)4Strobilanthes tricostata S. Thomas, B. Mani, Britto & PradeepAcanthaceaeCritically Endangered. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 100 km2 (B1) and the area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 10 km2 (B2). It is found in only one location (B2a) and the number of mature individuals is less than 250 (C). The habitat is severely fragmented and decline observed in the area and quality of habitat (B2biii). Based on above criterion the species is assessed as critically endangered (CR).Thomas et al. (2019)5Andrographis rotundifolia (Sreem.) Sreem.AcanthaceaeCritically Endangered. The species is assessed as ‘Critically Endangered’ [CR B1a+B2a] in Boluvampatti hills, Coimbatore District, using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 3.1.Gnanasekaran & Murthy (2015)6Barleria durairajii K. Ravik., D. Naras., Devanath. & Gnanasek.AcanthaceaeCritically Endangered. The species is known only from the type locality, where it is very common. However, more explorations in similar habitats are required to know its population size, area of occupancy and extent of occurrence and threats, if any, to assess the exact threat category.Ravikumar et al. (2016)7Andrographis rothii C.B. ClarkeAcanthaceaeEndangered. The species is very poorly represented in national and international herbaria by less than 10 collections and all of them have been collected from the Western Ghats of Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. Therefore, the species is assessed as ‘Endangered’ [EN (B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)] using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1.Gnanasekaran et al. (2015)8Nothopegia vajravelui K. Ravik. & V. Lakshm.AnacardiaceaeEndangered. Known from only Kudamparai Estate, Megamalai, High Wavy’s Mountains, Pachakumatetu HillsLakshmanan & Ravikumar (1988)9Monoon tirunelveliense (M.B. Viswan. & Manik.) B.Xue & R.M.K.SaundersAnnonaceaeCritically Endangered. Steno-endemic and critically endangered species distributed in the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) in IndiaXue et al. (2018)10Ceropegia rapinatiana (Britto & Bruyns) BruynsApocynaceaeVulnerable. Known from only type location Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai District, Narthamalai.Rajasekar et al. (2023)11Hoya kanyakumariana Henry & Swamin.ApocynaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)12Ceropegia matthewiana (Bruyns & Britto) BruynsApocynaceaeVulnerable.Gopalan & Henry (2000)13Ceropegia saldanhae (Britto & Bruyns) BruynsApocynaceaeVulnerable.Gopalan & Henry (2000)14Schefflera maduraiensis K.Ravik. & V.Lakshm.AraliaceaeEndangered. Known from only two location i.e., Way to Suruli falls, Theni district and Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu.Ravichandran (2016)15Schefflera agasthiyamalayana Manickam, Murugan, Sundaresan & JothiAraliaceaeEndangered.Devika & Amitha Bachan 2023.16Cissampelopsis vivekananthanii Gopalan & ChithraAsteraceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)17Impatiens tanyae R.Kr.Singh, Arigela & KabeerBalsaminaceaeEndangered. Known from only type locality Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary. Species is represented by about 195 mature individualsArigela et al. (2019)18Impatiens tamilnadensis Ramas.BalsaminaceaeEndangered. Known from only type locality Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary.Raju (2020)19Impatiens aliciae C.E.C.Fisch. var.BalsaminaceaeCritically Endangered. Known from only type locality pandavaramalaiBhaskar (2012)20Impatiens flavescens Karupp. & V. Ravich.BalsaminaceaeCritically Endangered. Known only from a small area in Megamalai hills, Theni District, Tamil Nadu. The habitat is exposed to forest fire, cattle grazing and tourism impact, hence it is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR).Subbiah & Vellingiri (2019)21Impatiens megamalayana Ramas.BalsaminaceaeCritically Endangered. Rare species occurring on hill tops Megamalai Hills, Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India. Therefore, the species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i,ii,v); 2ab(i,ii,iv); D) in accordance with the IUCN guidelines.Ramasubbu et al. (2017)22Impatiens laticornis C.E.C. Fisch.BalsaminaceaeCritically Endangered. The area of occupancy is about 3 km2 with only 18 matured individuals in Bangi Halla, on way to Bangitappal from upper Bhavani. Therefore, the species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR).Tharani et al. (2021).23Impatiens courtallensis Ramas. & Pandur.BalsaminaceaeCritically Endangered. There were only two populations (32±9 individuals per populations) observed within 0.6 km and the habitat was severally affected by landslide. Therefore, the species is assessed as critically endangered according to the IUCN.Ramasubbu et al. (2015)24Impatiens debilis Turez.BalsaminaceaeCritically Endangered.Narasimhan & Irwin (2021)25Euonymus kanyakumariensis Murugan & ManickamCelastraceaeEndangered. Known form only the type locality on the way to Parvathain, Mahendragiri Hills, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMurugan & Manickam (2005)26Euonymus barberi Murugan & ManickamCelastraceaeEndangered. Known from only the type location Agasthiyamalai, India.Murugan & Manickam (2006)27Microtropis microcarpa Wight var. densiflora (Wight) Meissner Frectn.CelastraceaeEndangered.28Agasthiyamalaia pauciflora (Bedd.) S.Rajkumar & Janarth.ClusiaceaeCritically Endangered. This species has been assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1+2c ver. 2.3 (1994) by WCMC under Poeciloneuron pauciflorum Bedd.World Conservation Monitoring Centre (2017)29Cyperus coonoorensis VijiCyperaceaeCritically Endangered. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 10 km 2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 0.5 km 2, and there are less than 250 individuals in the population, which indicates its narrow endemic nature. Therefore, preliminary conservation assessment considered this species as Critically Endangered: CR – B1a; B2a; C2a(ii) (IUCN 2012a & b, 2013).Viji et al. (2015)30Elaeocarpus blascoi WeibelElaeocarpaceaeCritically Endangered. There are only two known mature wild specimens of this large tree species persisting at Vattakanal Shola of Kodaikanal, Palani hills of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu State. It is threatened with habitat loss as a result of increased forestry and agriculture. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (IUCN 2021)Raveendran (2022)31Eriocaulon panagudianum R.Ansari & N.P.Balakr.EriocaulaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)32Euphorbia heyneana Spreng. subsp. nilagirica (Miq.) PanigrahiEuphorbiaceaeEndangered. Known from only the type location the Nilgiri HillsPanigrahi (1974)33Syzygium microphyllum GambleMyrtaceaeEndangered. Known from only the type locality in the Agastyamalai Hills. More information is needed on the status of the species and direct threats to its populations. Endangered B1+2c.World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998a)34Koilodepas calycinum Bedd.EuphorbiaceaeEndangered. Species is known from only two collections Panagudi in Kaniyakumari and Sethur Hills in Ramanathapuram District. Therefore, preliminary conservation assessment considered this species as Endangered B1+2c.World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998b)35Micrococca wightii (Hook.f.) Prain, var. angustata (S.R.M. Susila Rani & N.P. Balakr.) Radcl. -Sm. & GovaertsEuphorbiaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)36Derris matthewii Kottaim.FabaceaeVulnerable. Known from only the type location Alagar Hills, Nupuragangai- Periaaruvi valley.Kottaimuthu Vasudevan (2016)37Derris benthamii (Thw.) Thw. var. wightii (Baker) Thoth.FabaceaeEndangered. Known from only the type location Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.Thothathri (1984)38Dalbergia tinnevelliensis Thoth.FabaceaeEndangered. Known from only type locality Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.Gopalan & Henry (2000)39Dalbergia gardneriana Benth.FabaceaeEndangered. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) are 125 km2 and 28 km2, respectively, and the species is known from four locations. Therefore, the species is assessed as Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).Plummer (2022)40Indigofera tirunelvelica SanjappaFabaceaeEndangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)41Dalbergia tinnevelliensis Thoth.FabaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)42Pogostemon hedgei V.S.Kumar & B.D.SharmaLamiaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)43Teucrium plectranthoides GambleLamiaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)44Premna mundanthuraiensis Rajendran & P.DanielLamiaceaeEndangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)45Lindernia minima (Benth.) MukerjeeLinderniaceaeEndangered. Known from only two locations with a restricted area of occupancy and extent of occurrence. It has a disjunct distribution, found in Chengalpattu and in Tirunelveli on the east coast. The two known populations are threatened by commercial and residential developments. It is therefore assessed as Endangered B1ab(ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v).Rehel (2013)46Hiptage nayarii R.C. Srivast.MalpighiaceaeEndangered. The extent of occurrence (EOO): 6 sq. km (B1) and area of occupancy (AOO): 4 sq. km (B2). Distributed within the ranges of Ambasamudram and Mundanthurai in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR). Therefore, preliminary conservation assessment considered this species as Endangered.Viswanathan et al. (2021)47Osbeckia tirunelvelica Manickam & Murugan ex Kottaim. & Gnanasek.MelastomataceaeEndangered. Known form only towards the road below Manjolai, Manjolai hills, Tirunelveli District, India.Kottaimuthu & Gnanasekaran (2015)48Memecylon tirunelvelicum Murugan, Manickam & SundaresanMelastomataceaeEndangered. Known from only Kalakad Wild Life Sanctuary, Sengaltheri-Kulirati path.Murugan et al. (2001)49Memecylon mundanthuraianum M.B.Viswan. & Manik.MelastomataceaeEndangered. Known from only Kalakad- Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, near Poonkulam.Viswanathan & Manikandan (2001)50Memecylon manickamii MuruganMelastomataceaeEndangered. Known from only Kalakad- Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.Narasimhan & Irwin (2021)51Sonerila parameswaranii K.Ravik. & V.LakshmMelastomataceaeEndangered. Known from only type locality Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Theni districtRavichandran (2016)Snerila nayariana Murug. & V.Balas.MelastomataceaeEndangered. Known from only Velliangiri hills, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India.Murugesan & Balasubramaniam (2011)53Sonerila coriacea Lundin & B.Nord.MelastomataceaeEndangered. Species has a very restricted distribution in the area around Mahendragiri Peak in the Tinnevelley Hills. No recent collections have been recorded since it was last collected in 1969. Therefore, its conservation status may be classified as Endangered (EN) according to IUCN Red List criteria.Lundin & Nordenstam (2009)54Sonerila kanniyakumariana Gopalan & A.N.HenryMelastomataceaeEndangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)55Sonerila sadasivanii Nayar var. kanniyakumariensis G.S.Giri & M.P.NayarMelastomataceaeVulnerable.Gopalan & Henry (2000)56Sonerila inaequalis Murugan & ManickamMelastomataceaeEndangered.Narasimhan & Irwin (2021)57Eugenia manickamiana MuruganMyrtaceaeEndangered. Known from only the type location Tirunelveli District, Courtallum Hills, way to Attaikkadu from Therkkumalai Estate.58Eugenia megamalayana Murugan & Arum.MyrtaceaeCritically Endangered. Only three individuals were seen in the coffee plantation of dry forest areas, the new taxon is assigned here as a “Critically Endangered” [CR A3c] following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria due to preliminary risk of extinction.Murugan & Arumugam (2019)59Syzygium bharathii Ramas.MyrtaceaeCritically Endangered. The species is known from only one site of Megamalai hills and there were about 30 individuals observed within 4.67 km2. Hence, the species is assessed as Critically endangered (CR; Criterion B1(a), B2 +C2(a)(i),(b)+D)according to the IUCN guidelines (2016).Raju et al. (2018)60Eugenia bolampattiana V.Ravich., Murug. & MuruganMyrtaceaeCritically Endangered. The species is known only from the type locality, where only 18 individuals occur in a forest area of 10 km2. Its distribution has been evaluated under the Red List Categories and Criteria and is assessed here as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(iii), B2ab(iii)).Ravichandran et al. (2020)61Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Manik.MyrtaceaeCritically Endangered. Tree species having two small subpopulations in the Agasthyamalai hills of the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. The area of occupancy (AOO) and the extent of occurrence (EOO) of the species are 8 km2 and the number of mature individuals limited to below 50 in severely fragmented subpopulations. The species assessed as Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D as per IUCN guidelines.Viswanathan & Manikandan (2008)62Striga indica K.M.P. Kumar, P. Jayanthi, A. Rajendran & M. SabuOrobanchaceaeCritically Endangered. The population contains a maximum of c. 300 plants with very restricted distribution. A provisional threat assessment of CR B1ab(i,ii,iv) and 2ab(i,ii,iv) has been assigned as critically endangeredJayanthi et al. (2012)63Striga musselmanii Omalsree & V.K.SreenivasOrobanchaceaeCritically Endangered. The species is found only 15- 25 plants distributed in two sub populations in a very small area of 1 km2. The major threat to habitat are due to of tourism development. The conservation status is assessed here as ‘Critically Endangered [CR B1a(iii,iv)+2a(iii,iv); D]’ (IUCN 2017).Moolayil & Sreenivas (2018)64Phyllanthus singampattianus (Sebast. & A.N. Henry) Kumari & Chandrab.PhyllanthaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)65Eriochrysis rangacharii FischerPoaceaeEndangered. Endemic grass restricted to an area of 2500 km2 at about an elevation of 2000 m in the upper plateau of the Nilgiri Mountains of southern India. Therefore, preliminary conservation assessment considered this species as Endangered.Puyravaud et al. (2003)66Ardisia ramaswamii Nazarudeen, Rajkumar & PrakashkumarPrimulaceaeCritically Endangered. This species is recorded only from the type locality and less than 25 mature individuals were located after repeated survey. Area of occupancy is less than a 10 km2 area with severely fragmented population. Therefore, the species is assessed as the Critically Endangered (CR) category as per IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1, B2a and D of IUCN.Nazarudeen et al. (2020)67Clematis theobromina DunnRanunculaceaeEndangeredKameswara et a l. (2003)68Hedyotis sithiravaraiensis S. Muruganandam, Devanath., S. Ravikumar & D. Naras. sp. nov.RubiaceaeCritically Endangered. The extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy of this species has been estimated that the populations are found within 10 km2, and each population consists of one to three mature individuals. Based on field observation and threats the species is designated as Critically Endangered (CR) B1aþ2ab (iii, v) as per International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria ver. 3.1.Muruganandam et al. (2020)69Ophiorrhiza tirunelvelica A.N. Henry & Subram.RubiaceaeCritically Endangered.Gopalan & Henry (2000)70Cissus subramanyamii B.V. Shetty & P. SinghVitaceaeEndangered. Known from only the type location Vilpattivalley R.f., Tamil Nadu, India.Narasimhan & Irwin (2021)71Indotristicha tirunelveliana Sharma, Karthik. & ShettyPodostemaceaeCritically Endangered.Kottaimuthu & Saravanan (2017)
description: Published as part of S., Nithaniyal, S. J., Irwin & D., Narasimhan, 2024, A Checklist of Stenoendemic Angiosperms of Tamil Nadu, pp. 103-112 in Rheedea 34 (2) on page 103, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.02, http://zenodo.org/record/17032393