cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6085/aa/smsxxx_015mtbd009r00_20050613.40.2
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/smsxxx_015mtbd009r00_20050613.50.1
title: PISCO: Physical Oceanography: moored temperature data: San Miguel Island, California, USA (SMS)

description: This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at San Miguel Island, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBIC32+4+27) beginning 2005-06-13. The instrument depth was 009 meters, in an overall water depth of 015 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/smsxxx_015mtbd009r00_20050613.50.10
title: CINMS/PISCO: Physical Oceanography: moored temperature data: San Miguel Island, California, USA (SMS)

description: This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at San Miguel Island, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBIC32+4+27) beginning 2005-06-13. The instrument depth was 009 meters, in an overall water depth of 015 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/smsxxx_015mtbd009r00_20050613.50.2
title: PISCO: Physical Oceanography: moored temperature data: San Miguel Island, California, USA (SMS)

description: This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at San Miguel Island, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBIC32+4+27) beginning 2005-06-13. The instrument depth was 009 meters, in an overall water depth of 015 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.709.1
title: Factors Influencing the Distribution and Abundance of Macroinvertebrates on Stones in Sagehen Creek, California

description: DOCTORATE DISSERTATION:This dissertation considers factors that determine the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates on stones in Sagehen Creek, CA. Monthly samples of macroinvertebrates were taken from April to October, 1992. The species-abundance data did not fit a lognormal distribution for April and September, suggesting non-equilibrium in the community during these months. Diversity was highest in the spring and fall, lowest during the summer. Changes in diversity were due to changes in evenness rather than richness. There was a significant negative correlation between evenness on individual stones and stone size in the spring and fall. Competitive monopolization by few taxa on large, stable stones during high discharge can explain this trend. Species-area relationships for macroinvertebrate taxa on stones varied significantly over the sampling period. Random placement was rejected as a mechanism giving rise to the species-area relationships. The summer samples had the lowest degree of random placement, which can be explained by the importance of biotic interactions during low, stable discharge during the summer. There was a significant positive relationship between the slopes for each period and discharge, which can be explained by an undersaturation of species on small stones due to increased tumbling during high discharge. The colonization of macroinvertebrates on to artificial substrates was examined during 1993. Three factors were considered as possible influences on colonization: pupal cases of the caddisfly Anagapetus, substrate size, and density of the green alga Cladophora. Richness, diversity, and evenness were analyzed as response variables. Diversity was measured with the Shannon index, evenness with the J and E5 indices. The size treatment had a significant positive effect on richness and the J index. The case treatment had a significant positive effect on richness. Cladophora had a significant negative effect on the diversity and a positive effect on the J index. A multivariate general linear model with size, cases, and Cladophora density as factors indicated a significant main effect of cases and Cladophora on individual macroinvertebrate taxa densities. The combined main effects of substrate size, Anagapetus pupal cases, and Cladophora have dynamic influences on this macroinvertebrate fauna.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.710.1
title: Influence of Streamflow and Predators on Habitat Choice by Trout

description: DOCTORATE DISSERTATION: I examined the effect of flow and presence of large brown trout on habitat choice by juvenile rainbow trout and brook charr. Experiments were conducted in a large stream enclosure with a pool-riffle-pool configuration. Large brown trout, when present, were confined to the upstream pool. Juvenile trout and charr tended to leave the riffle and occupy the pools when flow was low. They also were less likely to be found in the upstream pool when large brown trout were present; juvenile fish remaining in the upstream pool avoided the deep area with cover favored by the large brown trout especially at sunset and at night at high flow. Low flow apparently caused juvenile trout and charr to inhabit pools with large brown trout that they would otherwise avoid. Observations of marked individuals indicated that juvenile fish increased their preference for shallower water of intermediate velocity when flow changed from low to high, even after adjusting for different depth and velocity availabilities. This suggests that depth and velocity preferences were flow dependent. Furthermore, velocity choice of aggressive fish increased more than for non-aggressive individuals, and velocity choice of rainbow trout increased more than for brook charr. Feeding rates of juvenile rainbow trout and brook charr declined both when flow was low and when large brown trout were present, although aggressive fish had higher overall feeding rates than non-aggressive individuals. Feeding rates were likely affected by changes in food availability related to both flow level and changes in local fish density, as well as the aggressiveness of individual fish. This result indicates that microhabitats having water of the same velocity may not always be of the same value to drift-feeding juvenile salmonids. Overall, this study has shown that flow and predator effects on juvenile salmonid habitat choice are extremely complex. Both habitat use and feeding rate were strongly affected by flow, predator presence, diel period, and the aggressiveness level of individual fish. Interactions among these variables were common. Models used to recommend instream flows for regulated streams may not adequately evaluate stream fish habitat.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.715.1
title: Variation in the Structure and Nitrogen Dynamics of Mountain Riparian Zones

description: DOCTORATE DISSERTATION:Increased land development and air pollution are intensifying nitrogen inputs to aquatic ecosystems of the American mountainous west. As a result, the health of mountain lakes and streams are at risk. Recognition of riparian zones as important modulators of stream water chemistry and critical habitat has increased interest in riparian management and restoration. Riparian classifications that reflect differences in ecosystem function can be used to prioritize management and restoration efforts and to develop landscape models of ecological processes. I examined structural and floristic variation in riparian zones of Lake Tahoe Basin and developed an ecosystem type classification for the area. I used this classification to test the hypothesis that ecosystem types can be used to organize the riparian landscape into areas with similar N dynamic and water quality effects. The greatest degree of structural and floristic variation in riparian zones of the Tahoe Basin fell along a gradient of valley form and stream sinuosity. I identified 12 ecosystem types along that gradient and examined N dynamics in five of the 12 types. During 1998 and 1999, I applied N fertilizer to plots representative of these five ecosystem types in a split-plot design. I measured soil N transformations, groundwater chemistry and site factors expected to control N dynamics in each plot. I found significant differences among ecosystem types in N process rates under background conditions. Differences in denitrification were most highly correlated to soil moisture content and groundwater level, while differences in net nitrification were most highly correlated to soil redox. Three ecosystem types had indistinguishably high denitrification responses to added N, whereas the denitrification response of another type was significantly lower than the rest. Groundwater N flux also varied significantly among types under N fertilized conditions: alder-rich ecosystem types had the highest, and grass-meadow ecosystem types had the lowest, groundwater N flux. Results from this research reveal the large structural and functional differences that exist among mountain riparian ecosystem types. These results also suggest that classification of riparian zones into ecosystem types may be useful in predicting landscape scale patterns of riparian zone N dynamics and water quality effects
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.716.1
title: Abiotic Gradients and Grazing Effects on the INteractions of Dominant Meadow Grasses, Deschampsia cespitosa, a Native, and Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis, a Non-Native

description: MASTERS THESIS: Competition between native and introduced species for resources has been hypothesized as a primary factor behind the success and failure of an invasion. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of long-term competition, which may result in the establishment of environmental niches, between native and introduced species. Poa pratensis, a persistent introduced species in the meadows of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, and Deschampsia cespitosa, a native bunch grass in these meadows were examined for evidence of interspecific competition and niche partitioning, using both field and greenhouse experiments. I tested each species performance across soil moisture and light gradients, as well as their response to simulated grazing. In the field, Poa grows better in relatively drier sites, whereas Deschampsia is found in more mesic environments. When grown in the greenhouse using a range of simulated meadow environments, Poa competitively dominated Deschampsia under xeric conditions. For field and greenhouse studies, phytomass of both species decreased significantly and similarly after clipping, suggesting no clear role for differential grazing response. Results suggest that these species partition resources into separate niches according to meadow hydrology, allowing coexistence. Thus, meadow hydrology is a primary factor when considering conservation of habitat for endemic meadow flora such as Deschampsia, as Poa may more easily invade drier sites.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.718.1
title: Changing Rivers and Streams: The Effects of Anthropogenic Alteration of Riparian Systems on Mimulus guttatus

description: DOCTORATE DISSERTATION: The anthropogenic alteration of river and stream flow due to the building of dams throughout the Western United States has dramatically changed riparian plant and arthropod communities. To document these changes and to examine their potential impacts on a common riparian species, Mimulus guttatus, the common monkeyflower, I conducted a series of vegetation surveys along dammed and non-dammed streams as well as a set of experiments to tease apart observed differences in vegetation and arthropod community structure. Along rivers and streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, I found vegetative community structure differs with increased grass species coverage in areas below dams as compared to naturally flowing streams. Additional differences included an increase in leaf litter/grass thatch coverage below dams and an increase in shade coverage as the distance from the stream increased. These changes in community structure may be responsible for the overall observed changes in forb species communities when comparing across dammed and non-dammed streams. Similar results were also documented for a set of surveys conducted along the Carmel River in the Coastal Mountains of California. In a set of greenhouse and field experiments examining the impacts of increased leaf litter and shading on M. guttatus, I found that leaf litter accumulation decreased germination and a combination of high levels of shading and leaf litter detrimentally impacted both the germination and growth of the species. To examine how changes in flooding regimes may influence M. guttatus via changes in arthropod communities, I used a set of field exclosures in flooded and non-flooded areas. I found that changes in insect herbivores altered M. guttatus survival with decreased survival in non-flooded areas, predatory wolf spiders decreased the amount of herbivore damage during years with low herbivore populations but lowering herbivore damage did not positively affect M. guttatus growth and reproduction. This research highlights the ecological impacts of anthropogenic alteration of flooding regimes through changes in interactions between species. When considering the restoration of floodplains through controlled releases below dams, these potential changes should be considered.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.719.1
title: Determinants of Species Richness and Abundance of Bumble Bees, Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), In Montane Meadows of the Sierra Nevada, California

description: MASTERS THESIS: California has experienced a greater fractional loss of wetland area than any other state in the United States. The importance of high elevation wetlands to biodiversity is nowhere more evident than on the arid eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada. Since the majority of vascular plants rely on insects for pollination, insects are excellent indicators of ecological processes as well as patterns. Bumble bees are important pollinators of both wild and cultivated plant species in the habitats in which they exist. However, we understand very little about the factors that contribute to the diversity of bumble bees. To determine the factors that contribute to the species richness and abundance of bumble bees, I investigated both local and landscape properties of montane meadow in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Both local and landscape factors emerge as important predictors of bumble bee species richness and abundance indicating that conservation efforts for bumble bees must use a landscape approach to identify properties that are important for the conservation of this important pollinators.... To determine the properties of meadows that contribute to the diversity of bumble bee species in the Sierra Nevada, I examined six local attributes: elevation, composition of floral resources, meadow area, meadow perimeter to area ratio, meadow moisture, and grazing regime. Additionally I examined two landscape level attributes: distance to the nearest meadow, and proportion of the surrounding habitat that is meadow habitat.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.721.1
title: Time Budgets of the Willow Flycatcher in the Central Sierra Nevada in Relation to Nest Success

description: MASTERS THESIS: The willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) used to be a common summer resident in and throughout California, however the California population has declined over the past 40 to 50 years. Several factors have contributed to the decline in their abundance including loss of habitat in riparian zones, grazing, road building, and nest predation. Observing survival and how individuals allocate time can provide insight into a species ability to survive under these particular constraints and can allow for an evaluation of its tolerance to such constraints. In this study, I determined the time budgets of the central Sierra Nevada willow flycatcher, examined the relationship between the breeding success of Sierra Nevada willow flycatchers and their behavioral activities, and compared environmental conditions to time allocation. I used instantaneous sampling for measuring the time allocation of 10 different activities throughout the breeding season. I pooled data from the two observed breeding seasons (200-2001). I observed time budgets of the remaining 32 territories. In general, willow flycatchers spent a majority of their time throughout the breeding season perching. This large amount of perching classifies the willow flycatcher as a time minimizer. The average time singing was the highest during the egg laying phase, then dramatically dropped off during the incubation and nestling phases. Average foraging time was doubled during the nestling phases over the other four phases since they have to meet the daily intake requirements of not only themselves, but their young as well. Observed territories failed during the nest building, incubation, and nestling phases. I used a one way T-test to determine any relationships between the behavior of birds in successful and unsuccessful territories. Territories that successfully made it through the incubation stage contained individuals that spent on average less time singing and perching and more time on the nest than territories that were unsuccessful during that stage. During the nestling phase, successful territories contained individuals that spent on average less time perching. Simple linear correlation was used to determine the relationship between the rates of activities and the environmental factors of wind speed, ambient temperature, cloud cover, and precipitation During 3 of the 5 phases of the breeding season, temperature increase was correlated with increased foraging. During the territory establishment phase, males spent more time perching with increased wind speed, cloud cover, and temperature.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.722.1
title: Age, Growth, and Reproduction of the Sculpin (Cottus beldingi) in Sagehen Creek, Nevada-Sierra Counties, California

description: MASTERS THESIS: Research at the Sagehen Creek project is designed to determine distribution and abundance in relation to cyclic fluctuations of fishes in high mountain streams which are subject to extremes in environmental conditions. In conjunction with this goal, life histories of the various species present in Sagehen Creek are being studied. The present study supplies basic facts which can be used in an analysis of the ecological role of the sculpin in Sagehen Creek.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.723.1
title: The Composition and Distribution of the Fish Populations in Sagehen Creek, Nevada-Sierra Counties, California

description: MASTERS THESIS:In 1951, the Fisheries Section of the Department of Zoology of the University of California, Berkeley, instituted a program of investigations concerned primarily with the cyclic nature of fish populations in high mountain streams. The ultimate aim of one part of this program is to completely evaluate the environmental and biological factors which have a direct influence on fish populations inhabiting these streams. The ultimate aim of one part of this program is to completely evaluate the environmental and biological factors which have a direct influence on fish populations inhabiting these streams. In an attempt to maintain good angling in the presence of ever-increasing fishing pressure, the fishery biologist has been forced to delve more thoroughly into the problems of population dynamics. The data obtained at the Sagehen Creek project will be used to explore the possibilities of supplementing or manipulating the environmental conditions in such a manner as to aid the production of trout, the favored fish species. As a preliminary phase in the studies of stream population dynamics, an intensive long-term study of the fishes of Sagehen Creek, Nevada-Sierra Counties, California, was initiated in June 1951. The ensuing report includes material taken from preliminary investigations during the summer of 1951 and the more extensive inventories taken during July, August, and September of 1952. This report will be concerned primarily with the distribution and composition of the fish populations inhabiting Sagehen Creek; subsequent sampling data will provide further insight on the many variables such as mortality, movement, and cyclic fluctuations. The field work to be summarized in this paper consists of ten complete stream population samples and topographic surveys for each of the individual sample sections.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/nrs.727.1
title: Biology of the Midge Cricotopus Inhabiting the Alga Nostoc in California

description: MASTERS THESIS: Midge larvae living in the blue-green alga, Nostoc parmelioides, were reared and found to consist of two unknown species, which were described for this paper by W.W. Wirth of the U.S. National Museum. The chironomids, Cricotopus nostocicoa and C. fuscatus, play an interesting and important role in the life cycle of this alga Measurements of head capsule widths of the mixed populations revealed that there were four larval instars present, each having a distinctive color pattern. The characteristics of the various instars are described and their relationships to the alga are discussed .The larva lives in a characteristically shaped passageway which it creates during the process of feeding (on the algal pad) . Although such a niche is of protective value to the chironomid larva, it by no means offers complete safety, since a parasitic nematode plays an important role in larval mortality. For the chironomid the main advantages are shelter, food and protection from most enemies. Nostoc gains from the fact that the larva is able to cement the alga to a firm substratum whenever it is dislodged. The chironomid s presence may also enhance the reproductive methods of the alga. A direct mutual affect may be involved in the exchange of metabolic wastes.