cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5tr9
title: Data from: Reducing soil erosion by improving community functional diversity in semi-arid grasslands

description: 1. Great efforts have been made to control soil erosion by restoring plant
 communities in degraded ecosystems world-wide. However, soil erosion has
 not been substantially reduced mainly because current restoration
 strategies lead to large areas of mono-specific vegetation, which are
 inefficient in reducing soil erosion because of their simple canopy and
 root structure. Therefore, an advanced understanding of how community
 functional composition affects soil erosion processes, as well as an
 improved restoration scheme to reduce soil erosion, is urgently needed. 2.
 We investigated the effect of community functional composition on soil
 erosion in restored semi-arid grasslands on the Loess Plateau of China.
 Community functional composition of 16 restored grasslands was quantified
 by community-weighted mean (CWM) and functional diversity (FD) trait
 values, which were calculated from nine plant functional traits of
 thirteen locally dominant plant species. Species richness and evenness
 were also measured. Soil erosion rates were measured using standard
 erosion plots. The multimodel inference approach was used to estimate the
 direction and the relative importance of these biodiversity indices in
 reducing soil erosion. 3. A robust and strong negative effect of
 functional divergence (FDiv) on soil erosion was found. The prevalence of
 particular trait combinations can also decrease soil erosion. The greatest
 control over soil erosion was exerted when the community mean root
 diameter was small and the root tensile strength was great. 4. Synthesis
 and applications: These findings imply that community functional diversity
 plays an important role in reducing soil erosion in semi-arid restored
 grasslands. This means that current restoration strategies can be greatly
 improved by incorporating community functional diversity into restoration
 design. We propose a trait-based restoration framework for reducing soil
 erosion, termed ‘SSM’ (Screening–Simulating–Maintaining). SSM aims to
 translate the target of community functional diversity into community
 assemblages that can be manipulated by practitioners. Based on this
 framework, a comprehensive procedure, highlighting functional diversity as
 the primary concern in determining optimal community assemblages, was
 developed to meet the pressing need for more effective restoration
 strategies to reduce soil erosion.
description: MMIBiodiversity indices
 used in Multi-model inference.TraitsFunctional traits of the
 species in this study.communityMatrix of species composition of the communities studied.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8497b
title: Data from: Multilocus microsatellite markers for molecular typing of Candida tropicalis isolates

description: Background: Candida tropicalis is considered to be the leading pathogen
 causing nosocomial fungemia and hepatosplenic fungal infections in
 patients with cancer, particularly those with leukemia.
 Microsatellite-based typing methods using sets of genetic markers have
 been developed and reported for population structure analysis of C.
 albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis, but no studies have been
 published for genetic analysis of C. tropicalis. The objective of this
 study was to develop new microsatellite loci that have the ability to
 distinguish among C. tropicalis isolates. Results: DNA sequences
 containing over 10 bi- or tri-nucleotide repeats were selected from the C.
 tropicalis genome database. Thirty PCR primers sets specific for the
 microsatellite loci were designed and tested using eight clinically
 independent isolates. According to the amplification efficiency,
 specificity, and observed polymorphisms, eight markers were selected for
 further population structure analysis and molecular typing. Sixty-five
 independent C. tropicalis isolates were genotyped using these 8 markers.
 Based on these analyses, six microsatellite loci were confirmed, although
 two loci were found to be with unstable flanking areas. The six
 polymorphic loci displayed 4–22 alleles and 7–27 genotypes. The
 discriminatory power of the six loci ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Genotyping
 results obtained by microsatellite analysis were compared to
 PCR-fingerprinting and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The comparisons
 showed that microsatellite analysis and MLST had the similar
 discriminatory power for C. tropicalis, which were more powerful than
 PCR-fingerprinting. Conclusions: This is the first attempt to develop new
 microsatellite loci for C. tropicalis. These newly developed markers will
 be a valuable resource for the differentiation of C. tropicalis isolates.
 More C. tropicalis isolates will need to be sequenced and analyzed in
 order to fully show the potential of these newly developed microsatellite
 markers.
description: MLSMLVAdata
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j81r0
title: Data from: From parasitism to mutualism: unexpected interactions between a cuckoo and its host

description: Avian brood parasites lay eggs in the nests of other birds, which raise
 the unrelated chicks and typically suffer partial or complete loss of
 their own brood. However, carrion crows Corvus corone corone can benefit
 from parasitism by the great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius.
 Parasitized nests have lower rates of predation-induced failure due to
 production of a repellent secretion by cuckoo chicks, but among nests that
 are successful, those with cuckoo chicks fledge fewer crows. The outcome
 of these counterbalancing effects fluctuates between parasitism and
 mutualism each season, depending on the intensity of predation pressure.
description: crow fledging
 successSuccess of parasitized
 and non-parastized broodsD_fledsucc.csvcuckoo translocation experimentcuckoo translocation experiment. Variable "treatment": ADD=cuckoo added, REM=cuckoo removed, PAR=unmanipulated parasitized, NON PAR=unmanipulated non-parasitizedD_cuckoo_transl.csvcrow translocation experimentcrow translocation experiment. Variable "treatment": Variable "treatment": ADD=crowadded, REM=crow removed, CONT=controlD_crow_transl.csvRepellence experiment with crowsRepellence experiment with crows. Variable "treatment": NS=Natural cuckoo secretion; C=controlD_repellence_crows.csvRepellence experiment with raptorsRepellence experiment with raptors. Variable "treat": NS=Natural cuckoo secretion; C=controlD_repellence_raptors.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r5b482n
title: Data from: Genomic analysis of MHC-based mate choice in the monogamous California mouse

description: Variation at Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is thought to be
 an important mechanism underlying mate choice in vertebrates, with
 individuals typically predicted to prefer MHC-dissimilar reproductive
 partners. However, analyses based on individual MHC loci have generated
 contradictory results regarding the role of these genes in mate choice
 decisions. To provide a more comprehensive assessment of relationships
 between MHC variation and mating behavior, we used an exome capture
 strategy to characterize variability at 13 MHC loci, 312 innate immune
 system genes, and 1,044 non-immune genes in 25 obligate monogamous pairs
 of California mice (Peromyscus californicus) from two free-living
 populations of this species in Monterey County, California. Pairwise
 genotypic comparisons and analyses of SNP-based allelic differences failed
 to detect disassortative mating based on MHC variability; reproductive
 partners were not more dissimilar than randomly generated male-female
 pairs at MHC, innate or non-immune loci. Within populations, individuals
 tended to be more closely related at MHC genes than at innate or
 non-immune genes. Consistent with the functional role of immunogenes, the
 two study populations were highly differentiated at MHC and innate genes
 but not at non-immune loci. Collectively, our results suggest that MHC
 genetic variation in California mice reflects local differences in
 pathogen exposure rather than disassortative mating based on variability
 at MHC Class I and II genes.
description: BioProject
 PRJNA476832The BioProject
 submission (ID PRJNA476832; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/476832)
 contains all of the raw sequence data associated with this project. The
 README.xlsx file contains sample and coverage
 information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nv783
title: Data from: Rival group scent induces changes in dwarf mongoose immediate behaviour and subsequent movement

description: In many social species, groups of animals defend a shared territory
 against rival conspecifics. Intruders can be detected from a variety of
 cues, including fecal deposits, and the strength of response is expected
 to vary depending on the identity of the rival group. Previous studies
 examining differences in response to neighbor and stranger groups have
 focused on the immediate response to the relevant cues. Here, we
 investigated how simulated intrusions of rival groups affect both
 immediate responses and postinspection movement patterns. To do so, we
 used a fecal translocation experiment at latrine sites within the
 territories of dwarf mongoose Helogale parvula groups. Immediate responses
 were adjusted to the level of threat, with greater scent-marking behavior,
 time spent at the latrine, and group-member participation when groups were
 presented with fecal matter from out-group rivals relative to control (own
 group and herbivore) feces. Subsequent movement of the group was also
 affected by threat level, with a decrease in speed and distance covered
 following simulated intrusions by out-group rivals compared with control
 conditions. However, there were no significant differences in immediate
 responses or post-latrine movement patterns when comparing simulated
 neighbor and stranger intrusions. These results indicate that territorial
 intrusions can elicit not just an immediate change in behavior but more
 far-reaching consequences in terms of movement dynamics. They also raise
 the possibility that neighbor–stranger discrimination predictions are not
 necessarily as clear-cut as previously described.
description: Immediate_responseData used for the analysis of the immediate responses to the fecal presentationsMovement_responseData used for the analysis of movement responses in the hour after encountering the fecal presentationVariable_descriptionsA table explaining the variable abbreviations used in the two data files
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9vt6v
title: Data from: Sex-antagonistic genes, XY recombination, and feminized Y chromosomes

description: The canonical model of sex-chromosome evolution predicts that
 sex-antagonistic (SA) genes play an instrumental role in the arrest of XY
 recombination and ensuing Y-chromosome degeneration. Although this model
 might account for the highly differentiated sex chromosomes of birds and
 mammals, it does not fit the situation of many lineages of fish,
 amphibians or non-avian reptiles, where sex chromosomes are maintained
 homomorphic through occasional XY recombination and/or high turnover
 rates. Such situations call for alternative explanatory frameworks. A
 crucial issue at stake is the effect of XY recombination on the dynamics
 of SA genes and deleterious mutations. Using individual-based simulations,
 we show that a complete arrest of XY recombination actually benefits
 females, not males. Male fitness is maximized at different
 XY-recombination rates depending on SA selection, but never at zero XY
 recombination. This should consistently favor some level of XY
 recombination, which in turn generates a recombination load at sex-linked
 SA genes. Hill-Robertson interferences with deleterious mutations also
 impede the differentiation of sex-linked SA genes, to the point that males
 may actually fix feminized phenotypes when SA selection and XY
 recombination are low. We argue that sex chromosomes might not be a good
 localization for SA genes, and sex conflicts seem better solved through
 the differential expression of autosomal genes.
description: jeb_dec17_cavotoetalZip file containing a ReadMe file and all input files needed for the simulationsms_00554.R1.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d71b0
title: Data from: The life history of Chelymorpha alternans (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) in Panamá

description: Here we describe an investigation of the life history characteristics,
 behavior, immature and adult morphologies of the Neotropical tortoise
 beetle Chelymorpha alternans (Boheman; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae:
 Cassidinae) from the Republic of Panamá. Developmental times and
 behavioral characteristics for individuals maintained under laboratory and
 field conditions are evaluated. Survival rates of individuals maintained
 under field and laboratory conditions are compared. A list of
 convolvulaceous host plants utilized by C. alternans is provided.
 Empirical studies investigating the biology of C. alternans are reviewed.
 This study contributes to our knowledge of quantitative and qualitative
 aspects of this species’ biology. These findings demonstrate that C.
 alternans is an organism that develops, behaves, and interacts with host
 plants, much as other tortoise beetles do. Rigorous, multi-year
 investigation of this ecologically representative species has produced a
 comparative life history description that expands our knowledge of general
 Cassidinae and Coleoptera biology. The natural history background, life
 history descriptions, diet breadth information, and literature review
 provided in this contribution make a compelling case for continued
 utilization of C. alternans as a representative tortoise beetle species
 for a variety of field and laboratory based studies in plant–insect
 interactions, chemical ecology, natural enemy ecology, and phenotypic
 trait and diet breadth evolution.
description: Field.Laboratory.Survival.Comparison.Excel.FileThis file contains data on the survival rates (%) of replicate split-brood clutches of Chelymorpha alternans (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) individuals. It was established to compare survival rates between developmental stadia (larvar, pupae, adult) for individuals reared under laboratory and field conditions.field.lab.survival.csvC.alternans.field.lab.survival.RscriptThis is the r script used to run the T-tests comparing survival of individuals maintained under laboratory and field conditions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r02c4
title: Data from: Interactions between rainfall, fire and herbivory drive resprouter vital rates in a semi-arid ecosystem

description: 1. Global change is threatening ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide,
 creating a pressing need to understand how climate and disturbance regimes
 interact and influence the persistence of species. We quantify how three
 ecosystem drivers– rainfall, fire and herbivory – influence vital rates in
 the perennial resprouting graminoid, Triodia scariosa, a foundation
 species of semi-arid Australia. 2. We used an 11 year data set from a fire
 and herbivore exclosure experiment, to model flowering, post-fire
 recruitment and the post-fire survival of seedlings and resprouting
 plants. Regression modelling quantified the effect of rainfall, inter-fire
 interval, fire type (wildfire or prescribed fire), grazing by herbivores
 (native and feral) and an interaction between fire type and herbivory on
 T. scariosa populations. 3. Rainfall, fire and herbivory had significant
 effects on post-fire recruitment and the survival of seedlings and
 resprouting plants, including strong interactions between these drivers.
 Herbivory following wildfire had a minor effect, but in years of
 below-average rainfall herbivory following prescribed fire had a large
 effect, reducing the survival of seedlings and resprouting plants by 20%
 and over 50% respectively, relative to post-fire survival under average
 rainfall conditions. 4. Variation in rainfall underpinned significant
 variation in post-fire resprouting and seedling survival, thus we
 postulate rainfall primarily drives the dynamics of T. scariosa
 populations. 5. Synthesis. This study highlights the importance of
 modelling interactions between key ecosystem drivers when predicting how
 changes in global climate and disturbance regimes influence plant vital
 rates. Relatively small changes to disturbance regimes can substantially
 alter population processes, even in perennial resprouting species. This
 work suggests that conservation of foundation species, such as T.
 scariosa, will benefit if fire management decisions are better integrated
 with inter-annual weather forecasts and herbivore management.
description: Triodia scariosa vital
 rate dataFour data files for
 modelling Triodia scariosa vital rates: the proportion of seedlings
 surviving and established plants resprouting in the first and second years
 after fire; the proportion of the population flowering, and the post-fire
 germination rate. Rainfall data is not included as it is already publicly
 available.Triodia_scariosa_Data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sr405h
title: Data from: Small-scale spatial variation in infection risk shapes the evolution of a Borrelia resistance gene in wild rodents

description: Spatial variation in pathogen-mediated selection is predicted to influence
 the evolutionary trajectory of host populations and lead to spatial
 variation in their immunogenetic composition. However, to date few studies
 have been able to directly link small-scale spatial variation in infection
 risk to host immune gene evolution in natural, non-human populations. Here
 we use a natural rodent-Borrelia system to test for associations between
 landscape-level spatial variation in Borrelia infection risk along
 replicated elevational gradients in the Swiss Alps and Toll-like receptor
 2 (TLR2) evolution, a candidate gene for Borrelia resistance, across bank
 vole (Myodes glareolus) populations. We found that Borrelia infection risk
 (i.e. the product of Borrelia prevalence in questing ticks and the average
 tick load of voles at a sampling site) was spatially variable and
 significantly negatively associated with elevation. Across sampling sites,
 Borrelia prevalence in bank voles was significantly positively associated
 with Borrelia infection risk along the elevational clines. We observed a
 significant association between naturally occurring TLR2 polymorphisms in
 hosts and their Borrelia infection status. The TLR2 variant associated
 with a reduced likelihood of Borrelia infection was most common in rodent
 populations at lower elevations that face a high Borrelia infection risk,
 and its frequency changed in accordance with the change in Borrelia
 infection risk along the elevational clines. These results suggest that
 small-scale spatial variation in parasite-mediated selection affects the
 immunogenetic composition of natural host populations, providing a
 striking example that the microbial environment shapes the evolution of
 the host’s immune system in the wild.
description: TLR2 genotypes and
 Borrelia infection of bank volesTLR2 genotypes and
 Borrelia infection of bank voles from different locations in the Swiss
 AlpsCornetti_DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q5m84
title: Data from: The shield effect: nuptial gifts protect males against precopulatory sexual cannibalism

description: Several not mutually exclusive functions have been ascribed to nuptial
 gifts across different taxa. Although the idea that a nuptial prey gift
 may protect the male from pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism is attractive,
 it has previously been considered of no importance based on indirect
 evidence and rejected by experimental tests. We reinvestigated whether
 nuptial gifts may function as a shield against female attacks during
 mating encounters in the spider Pisaura mirabilis and whether female
 hunger influences the likelihood of cannibalistic attacks. The results
 showed that pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism was enhanced when males
 courted without a gift and this was independent of female hunger. We
 propose that the nuptial gift trait has evolved partly as a
 counteradaptation to female aggression in this spider species.
description: The shield
 effect-BiolLett-dataData file for all
 statistical tests in the paper: female treatment, number of tests until
 cannibalism, censor, gift stealing.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.96320
title: Data from: Cephalic phase of insulin secretion in response to a meal is unrelated to family history of Type 2 diabetes

description: The pre-absorptive cephalic phase of insulin secretion is elicited during
 the first ten min of a meal and before glucose levels rise. Its importance
 for insulin release during the post-absorptive phase has been well
 documented in animals but its presence or importance in man has become
 increasingly controversial. We here examined the presence of an early
 cephalic phase of insulin release in 31 well matched individuals without
 (n=15) or with (n=16) a known family history of type 2 diabetes
 (first-degree relatives; FDR). We also examined the potential differences
 in individuals with or without impaired fasting (IFG) and impaired glucose
 tolerance (IGT). We here demonstrate that a cephalic phase of insulin
 secretion was present in all individuals examined and without any
 differences between control persons and FDR or IFG/IGT. However, the
 overall importance of the cephalic phase is conjectural since it was
 unrelated to the subsequent post-absorptive insulin release or glucose
 tolerance. One of the best predictors of the incremental cephalic phase of
 insulin release was fasting insulin level and, thus, a relation to degree
 of insulin sensitivity is likely. In conclusion, an early pre-absorptive
 and cephalic phase of insulin release is robustly present in man. However,
 we could not document any relation to family history of Type 2 diabetes
 nor to the post-absorptive phase and, thus, confirm its importance for
 subsequent degree of insulin release or glucose tolerance.
description: Original
 dataEliasson_data2.csv