cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fg35f75
title: Data from: The nutritional ecology of maturation in a carnivorous insect

description: Herbivores and omnivores, faced with a nutritionally complex diet, have
 evolved the capacity to balance the intake of specific nutrients. Recent
 studies have found that carnivores also have this capacity, despite their
 more nutritionally homogeneous diet. However, unlike herbivores and
 omnivores who prioritise protein intake when restricted to imbalanced
 foods, carnivores instead show much stricter regulation of fat intake.
 These choices to over- or under-consume nutrients when the intake target
 cannot be achieved are known as Rules of Compromise. To date, studies
 examining these rules have all been carried out at a single life stage,
 and it is unclear if these rules regarding the prioritisation of nutrients
 are fixed or labile. We address this question with a carnivorous beetle,
 Nicrophorus vespilloides. We use a combination of dietary restriction and
 choice tests to determine the intake target and rules of compromise in
 reproductively mature beetles and in newly emerged adults undergoing a
 period of maturation feeding. We show that, despite having very similar
 intake targets, the rules of compromise differ between the two life
 stages. Whilst mature adults follow the typical carnivore rule of fat
 prioritisation, immature adults behave more like omnivores, showing strict
 regulation of protein intake, resulting in obesity when restricted to
 protein-poor diets. These alternate rules suggest different mechanisms or
 capacities to cope with excess protein across these life stages. Examining
 how intake targets and rules of compromise change across life stages could
 be a valuable approach for our understanding of weight gain across taxa,
 including in humans.
description: all data used in this
 publicationThe excel file contains
 3 sheets, each corresponding to a separate data set for each experiment in
 the paper.dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.176gv58
title: Data from: Mycorrhizal interactions do not influence plant-herbivore interactions in populations of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana spanning from center to margin of the geographic range

description: Multispecies interactions can be important to the expression of phenotypes
 and in determining patterns of individual fitness in nature. Many plants
 engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the
 extent to which AMF modulate other species interactions remains poorly
 understood. We examined multispecies interactions among plants, AMF, and
 insect herbivores under drought stress using a greenhouse experiment and
 herbivore choice assays. The experiment included six populations of
 Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae), which span a complex environmental gradient
 in the Southern Sierra Nevada of California. Clarkia xantiana’s developing
 fruits are commonly attacked by grasshoppers at the end of the growing
 season and the frequency of attack is more common in populations from the
 range center than range margin. We found that AMF negatively influenced
 all metrics of plant growth and reproduction across all populations,
 presumably because plants supplied carbon to AMF but did not benefit
 substantially from resources potentially supplied by the AMF. The fruits
 of plants infected with AMF did not differ from those without AMF in their
 resistance to grasshoppers. There was significant variation among
 populations in damage from herbivores but did not reflect the
 center-to-margin pattern of herbivory observed in the field. In sum, our
 results do not support the view that AMF interactions modulate
 plant-herbivore interactions in this system.
description: Growth and Reproductive
 Effort of C. xantiana with AMF inoculumThis file contains
 phenotypic measurements from a greenhouse study on effects of AMF inoculum
 on individuals of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana (Onagraceae) sourced from
 six populations across the subspecies' range. Variable descriptions
 are in the README file.MycoHerb_Phenotypic.csvFruit herbivory trials with Clarkia xantiana grown with and without AMF inoculumThis file contains results of herbivory trials using grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) and fruits of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana (Onagraceae) sourced from six populations across the subspecies' range and either inoculated or not with AMF inoculum. Variable descriptions are in the README file.MycoHerb_Herbivory.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.636d487
title: Data from: Relative costs and benefits of alternative reproductive phenotypes at different temperatures - genotype-by-environment interactions in a sexually selected trait

description: Background: The maintenance of considerable genetic variation in sexually
 selected traits (SSTs) is puzzling given directional selection expected to
 act on these traits. A possible explanation is the existence of a
 genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction for fitness, by which elaborate
 SSTs are favored in some environments but selected against in others. In
 the current study, we look for such interactions for fitness-related
 traits in the bulb mite, a male-dimorphic species with discontinuous
 expression of a heritable SST in the form of enlarged legs that are used
 as weapons. Results: We show that evolution at 18°C resulted in
 populations with a higher prevalence of this SST compared to evolution at
 24°C. We further demonstrate that temperature modified male reproductive
 success in a way that was consistent with these changes. There was a
 genotype-by-environment interaction for reproductive success - at 18°C the
 relative reproductive success of armored males competing with unarmored
 ones was higher than at the moderate temperature of 24°C. However, male
 morph did not have interactive effects with temperature with respect to
 other life history traits (development time and longevity). Conclusions: A
 male genotype that is associated with the expression of a SST interacted
 with temperature in determining male reproductive success. This
 interaction caused an elaborate SST to evolve in different directions
 (more or less prevalent) depending on the thermal environment. The
 implication of this finding is that seasonal temperature fluctuations have
 the potential to maintain male polymorphism within populations.
 Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity in thermal conditions may cause
 differences among populations in SST selection. This could potentially
 cause selection against male immigrants from populations in different
 environments and thus strengthen barriers to gene flow.
description: dev_long_driaddevelopment time (dev_time) and longevity (longevity) of the morphs - fighters (f) and scramblers (s) at 18 C and 24 Csuccess_driadReproductive succes of fighter males competing with scramblers at 18 C and 24 C. Morh_irrad - morph of the irradiated male. Eggs_tot - total number of eggs in the sample, eggs- the number of eggs that did not hatch (sired by the irradiated male), fighter_success - proportion of eggs sired by fighter. If a male diad befor the end of the assay, its morph is given in the collumn died.lines_dryadMorph occurences in lines with different initial fighter proportions selected at 18C and 24C tested at either 18C or 24C . Fighters are coded with 1 and scramblers are coded with 0.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.526t0
title: Data from: Repeated parallel evolution reveals limiting similarity in subterranean diving beetles

description: The theory of limiting similarity predicts that co-occurring species must
 be sufficiently different to coexist. Although this idea is a staple of
 community ecology, convincing empirical evidence has been scarce. Here we
 examine 34 subterranean beetle communities in arid inland Australia that
 share the same habitat type but have evolved in complete isolation over
 the past 5 million years. Although these communities come from a range of
 phylogenetic origins, we find that they have almost invariably evolved to
 share a similar size structure. The relative positions of coexisting
 species on the body size axis were significantly more regular across
 communities than would be expected by chance, with a size ratio, on
 average, of 1.6 between coexisting species. By contrast, species’ absolute
 body sizes varied substantially from one community to the next. This
 suggests that self-organized spacing according to limiting-similarity
 theory, as opposed to evolution toward preexisting fixed niches, shaped
 the communities. Using a model starting from random sets of founder
 species, we demonstrate that the patterns are indeed consistent with
 evolutionary self-organization. For less isolated habitats, the same model
 predicts the coexistence of multiple species in each regularly spaced
 functional group. Limiting similarity, therefore, may also be compatible
 with the coexistence of many redundant species.
description: Body size data of
 Australian diving beetlesExcel file containing 1)
 body sizes of individuals of diving beetle species collected in the field,
 2) body size ranges for additional beetle species, taken from Watts and
 Humphreys 2009beetle_sizes.xlsxLink to GenBank accession numbers for phylogeny in appendix Figure B1Excel file containing the link to GenBank accession numbers for phylogeny in appendix Figure B1. This figure is based on the phylogeny presented in Leijs et al. 2012, PLoS ONE, vol 7.GenBank_accession.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3qs54
title: Data from: What affects the predictability of evolutionary constraints using a G-matrix? The relative effects of modular pleiotropy and mutational correlation

description: Phenotypic traits do not always respond to selection independently from
 each other and often show correlated responses to selection. The structure
 of a genotype-phenotype map (GP map) determines trait covariation, which
 involves variation in the degree and strength of the pleiotropic effects
 of the underlying genes. It is still unclear, and debated, how much of
 that structure can be deduced from variational properties of quantitative
 traits that are inferred from their genetic (co)variance matrix
 (G-matrix). Here we aim to clarify how the extent of pleiotropy and the
 correlation among the pleiotropic effects of mutations differentially
 affect the structure of a G-matrix and our ability to detect genetic
 constraints from its eigen decomposition. We show that the eigenvectors of
 a G-matrix can be predictive of evolutionary constraints when they map to
 underlying pleiotropic modules with correlated mutational effects. Without
 mutational correlation, evolutionary constraints caused by the fitness
 costs associated with increased pleiotropy are harder to infer from
 evolutionary metrics based on a G-matrix's geometric properties
 because uncorrelated pleiotropic effects do not affect traits'
 genetic correlations. Correlational selection induces much weaker modular
 partitioning of traits' genetic correlations in absence then in
 presence of underlying modular pleiotropy.
description: StabilizingSelectionNemoInitFilesInit files for running with Nemo v2.3.4 (with variable modularity). For 10,000 generations of stabilizing selection to reach mutation-selection balance. G-matrix eigen decomposition and evolutionary metric analyses performed on 10,000th generation for each simulation averaged over 50 replicates.DirectionalSelectionNemo_Init_FilesInit files for running with Nemo v2.3.4 (with variable modularity). For 2,000 generations of directional selection performed on 10,000th generation of Stabilizing Selection population simulation output. Number of generations to a fitness cut-off for each simulation averaged over 50 replicates.DirectionalSelectionNemoInitFiles.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rg5rd
title: Data from: Explaining global variation in the latitudinal diversity gradient: meta-analysis confirms known patterns and uncovers new ones

description: Aim: The pattern of increasing biological diversity from high latitudes to
 the equator [latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG)] has been recognized for
 &gt; 200 years. Empirical studies have documented this pattern across
 many different organisms and locations. Our goal was to quantify the
 evidence for the global LDG and the associated spatial, taxonomic and
 environmental factors. We performed a meta-analysis on a large number of
 individual LDGs that have been published in the 14 years since
 Hillebrand's ground-breaking meta-analysis of the LDG, using
 meta-analysis and meta-regression approaches largely new to the fields of
 ecology and biogeography. Location: Global. Time period: January
 2003–September 2015. Major taxa studied: Bacteria, protists, plants, fungi
 and animals. Methods: We synthesized the outcomes of 389 individual cases
 of LDGs from 199 papers published since 2003, using hierarchical
 mixed-effects meta-analysis and multiple meta-regression. Additionally, we
 re-analysed Hillebrand's original dataset using modern methods.
 Results: We confirmed the generality of the LDG, but found the pattern to
 be weaker than was found in Hillebrand's study. We identified
 previously unreported variation in LDG strength and slope across
 longitude, with evidence that the LDG is strongest in the Western
 Hemisphere. Locational characteristics, such as habitat and latitude
 range, contributed significantly to LDG strength, whereas organismal
 characteristics, including taxonomic group and trophic level, did not.
 Modern meta-analytical models that incorporate hierarchical structure led
 to more conservative and sometimes contrasting effect size estimates
 relative to Hillebrand's initial analysis, whereas meta-regression
 revealed underlying patterns in Hillebrand's dataset that were not
 apparent with a traditional analysis. Main conclusions: We present
 evidence of global latitudinal, longitudinal and habitat-based patterns in
 the LDG, which are apparent across both marine and terrestrial realms and
 over a broad taxonomic range of organisms, from bacteria to plants and
 vertebrates.
description: Data included in the
 meta-analysisData file includes 389
 cases from 199 studies that were included in the meta-analysis, see
 Appendix 1 for a list of citations for the data sources. Explanatory
 covariates relating to characteristics of the organisms, location, and the
 method of quantifying diversity are included, as well as Fisher's z
 transformation of Pearson's correlation between species richness and
 latitude (LDG strength). The slope and the standard error of the slope of
 the linear regression of species richness as a function of latitude are
 also provided.LDGMetaAnalysis_CompleteData.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4k8
title: Data from: Aboveground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above- and below-ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed

description: 1. Initial herbivory and induced plant responses can influence subsequent
 above- and belowground herbivore attack. When two life stages of the same
 herbivore damage different plant parts sequentially, there is strong
 potential for plants to respond with induced plant defense against the
 later attacker. Alternatively, the earlier attacker could manipulate the
 host plant to facilitate the later-feeding life stage. 2. We studied
 herbivory by foliage-feeding adults and root-feeding larvae of the red
 milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) on common milkweed (Asclepias
 syriaca) in laboratory and field experiments. We applied factorial above-
 and belowground herbivory treatments to test for induced responses,
 effects on later-feeding conspecific larvae, and damage by naturally
 colonizing herbivores, including adult T. tetraophthalmus. 3. We found
 that the inducibility of toxic cardenolides was systemic across the
 root-shoot barrier, with the highest concentrations in plants damaged both
 above- and belowground. Initial aboveground herbivory increased root
 damage and larval survival, suggesting an increase in root quality
 following leaf herbivory. Initial belowground herbivory did not affect the
 performance of later-feeding larvae, indicating limited importance of
 induced root cardenolides and competition between clutches of T.
 tetraophthalmus. 4. In a natural milkweed population, initial aboveground
 herbivory attracted conspecific adults and milkweed leaf beetles
 (Labidomera clivicollis), and ultimately reduced fruit production by 33%.
 Nonetheless, the probability of damage by monarch caterpillars (Danaus
 plexippus) was reduced on plants initially damaged by T. tetraophthalmus
 aboveground, perhaps due to reduced oviposition following induced plant
 responses. 5. Synthesis: Induced plant responses of common milkweed to
 aboveground damage by adult T. tetraophthalmus both facilitate further
 damage by adults, and enhance the performance of their root-feeding
 larvae, most likely as a result of host plant manipulation. Although the
 same induction reduced monarch herbivory, the net effect of these
 interactions was reduced fruit production. Host plant manipulation may be
 especially common by specialist herbivores that have sequential above- and
 belowground life stages.
description: All raw
 data.Raw data from the
 factorial manipulations of above- and below-ground herbivory by the red
 milkweed beetle on root and shoot chemistry, beetle performance, insect
 abundances in the field, leaf damage in the field, and fruit
 production.Erwin et al. 2014_raw
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.a9xtur
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8045 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Capsicum annuum",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8045 records from 311 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000861-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hf50r
title: Data from: An extracellular biochemical screen reveals that FLRTs and Unc5s mediate neuronal subtype recognition in the retina

description: In the inner plexiform layer of the mouse retina, ~70 neuronal subtypes
 form a stereotyped circuit that underlies visual processing. During
 development, subtypes organize into an intricate laminar structure. This
 organization is choreographed by extracellular interactions that mediate
 cell recognition events. To identify recognition proteins involved in
 lamination, we utilized microarray data from 13 subtypes to identify
 differentially-expressed cell surface and secreted proteins. Using these
 candidates, we performed a biochemical screen and identified ~50
 previously-unknown receptor-ligand pairs. We tested the response of
 retinal neurons to several candidates and found that both members of one
 interaction pair, FLRT2-Unc5C, induce repulsion; each in a different
 neuronal subtype(s). Consistent with a repulsive role in mediating
 lamination, we observed a complementary expression pattern of FLRT2 and
 Unc5C in vivo. We identified that Starburst amacrine cells express FLRT2
 and are repelled by Unc5C. These data support a repulsive mechanism for
 laminar restriction of Starburst amacrines.
description: Mouse retina
 extracellular receptor-ligand biochemical screenBiochemical screen for
 extracellular receptor-ligand interactions in the developing mouse retina.
 The extracellular domain (ECD) region of 126 cell surface or secreted
 proteins were tested for pairwise binding in a matrix. ECDs along the
 x-axis were C-terminally fused to the Fc region of human IgG1. ECDs along
 the y-axis were C-terminally fused to alkaline phosphatase (AP). Proteins
 were tested for binding using a high-throughput, ELISA-based binding
 assay. In this assay, ECD-AP receptor protein is captured on an ELISA
 plate using an anti-AP antibody. Binding of ECD-Fc ligand protein to the
 ECD-AP receptor protein is detected by inclusion of an anti-Fc antibody
 conjugated to HRP. HRP activity is measured using O.D. 650 nm one hour
 following addition of substrate. Raw data values are
 reported.Visser et al Biochemical Screen
 Data for Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5331t
title: Data from: Phylogeographic past and invasive presence of Arion pest slugs in Europe

description: Arion vulgaris (syn. A. lusitanicus) is the most destructive pest slug in
 Europe. The species has been regarded a classic case of an ongoing
 biological invasion with negative economic and ecological impact in many
 European countries, but this status has recently been contested. In this
 study, we assessed mitochondrial and autosomal genetic diversity in
 populations of A. vulgaris across the entire distribution range in order
 to characterize its evolutionary history. Mitochondrial diversity in A.
 vulgaris was strongly reduced compared with the closely related and
 largely codistributed noninvasive species A. rufus and A. ater, indicating
 a very rapid spread of A. vulgaris through Europe. Autosomal diversity
 assessed in 632 individuals from 32 populations decreased towards eastern
 and northern Europe which is consistent with the reported expansion of the
 species towards these regions in the last decades. Demographic simulations
 supported very recent population founding events in most of the European
 range. The short periods between the first detection of A. vulgaris in
 different countries and only a very weak association of genetic
 structuring among populations with geographical distances suggest a human
 contribution in the ongoing expansion of the slug. We propose that this
 contribution may ultimately prevent the exact localization of the debated
 region of origin of A. vulgaris. However, the reclassification of A.
 vulgaris as noninvasive would be premature. Without counter measures, the
 Eastern and Northern European countries can expect to see this biological
 invasion continued in the future.
description: Microsatellite genotypes
 of Arion vulgaris populations in EuropeLength, in base-pairs,
 of alleles at 15 microsatellite loci in 632 individuals of Arion vulgaris
 from 32 European populations. Missing data coded as NA.Arion_vulgaris-GENOTYPES.xlsx