DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69pxf
title: Divergent alternative mating tactics in convergent male reproductive morphs

description: Alternative reproductive phenotypes involve polymorphic behaviours and
 forms within sexes. Testing whether behavioural variants such as
 alternative tactics (e.g., sneaking or satellite behaviour) are initially
 co-expressed or decoupled from morphological polymorphisms (e.g., weapon
 size or colour pattern) can provide insight into the origins of
 reproductive diversity. In Hawaiian field crickets (Teleogryllus
 oceanicus), an eavesdropping parasitoid fly selected for rapid, parallel
 evolution of male wing mutations that reduce acoustic signals. Two of
 these, ‘flatwing’ and ‘curly-wing’, co-occur in populations alongside
 ancestral ‘normal-wing’ males that can sing. These convergent alternative
 morphs may both rely on satellite tactics in which non-singing males
 position themselves near calling males to intercept females, rather than
 attracting mates directly by producing a conspicuous song. Here we test
 whether flatwing and curly-wing vary in their tendencies to express
 satellite behaviour using playback experiments with virgin, unmanipulated
 males simulating natural conditions. Surprisingly, flatwing males were
 significantly less likely to behave as satellites than normal-wing or
 curly-wing males. Normal-wing males with poorer body condition were more
 likely to behave as satellites, consistent with theory and previous
 findings, but the reduced-sound morphs showed no such
 condition-dependence. Our findings suggest that morph-specific variation
 in the tendency to adopt satellite behaviour may contribute to the
 maintenance of convergent male reproductive morphs; future work would
 benefit from testing whether such variation is driven by acoustic
 self-assessment. A decoupled relationship between behavioural reproductive
 tactics and morphological reproductive strategies may promote
 diversification of alternative mating morphs in nature.
description: # Divergent alternative mating tactics in convergent male reproductive
 morphs Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.x95x69pxf](10.5061/dryad.x95x69pxf) ##
 Description of the data and file structure 01: S1-S4: Four song models
 used in the research; 02: Datasheet; 03: R code. ### Files and variables
 #### File: S1_Song_Model_A.mp3 **Description:** Song model used in the
 experiment #### File: S2_Song_Model_B.mp3 **Description:** Song model used
 in the experiment #### File: S3_Song_Model_C.mp3 **Description:** Song
 model used in the experiment #### File: S4_Song_Model_D.mp3
 **Description:** Song model used in the experiment #### File:
 02_Data_Satellite_Behaviour_Final_Version.csv **Description:** data sheet
 ##### Variables Datasheet description: * Not_Use – "Y": Data
 filtered due to missing values during time count. * Trial_Order – Trial
 order, including escaped males were excluded. * Phe – Male phenotype. *
 Age – Days post-eclosion of tested individuals. * Speaker – Speaker side.
 (shuffled as below) * Model – Song models used, alternating sequentially
 according to trial order. (For example, with four song models and two
 speaker directions, the sequence follows LeftA → RightA → LeftB → RightB,
 and then repeats accordingly.) * T1 – Response latency. * T2 – Response
 speed. * T3 – Satellite duration. * St – Expression of satellite behavior
 (0 = non-satellite; 1 = satellite). * ProLen1-3 – Three independent
 measurements of pronotum length (unit: mm). * AvePro – Averaged pronotum
 length (unit: mm). * Weight – Body mass (unit: g). SMI was calculated in R
 and not included in the datasheet. * Tmp – Temperature during the
 experiment (unit: ℃). #### File: 03_Satellite_Clean.R **Description:** R
 code for reproducing the analyses and visualizations presented in the
 article, including statistical tests and figure generation. **Software
 version:** R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21) Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20
 (64-bit) Running under: macOS 14.1.2 **Packages&version:**
 library(ggplot2) #3.5.1 library(dplyr) #1.1.4 library(readxl) #1.4.3
 library(ggpubr) #0.6.0 library(car) #3.1-2 library(cowplot) #1.1.3
 library(extrafont) #0.19 library(ggthemes) #5.1.0 library(rcompanion)
 #2.4.35 library(DHARMa) #0.4.6 library(MASS) #7.3-60.0.1