cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.107
title: Microwave-assisted sonogashira-type coupling of terminal alkynes and aryl boronic acid

description: A microwave reactor for chemical synthesis have been designed and constructed. Microwave irradiation provided a selective heating to the reaction mixture. The main advantage of use microwave-assisted is reaction acceleration, yield improvement, and safe. An easy, rapid methodology for microwave-assisted Sonogashira-type coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with electron-deficient terminal alkynes in absence of ligand under ambient atmosphere is described. The reactions used low loading palladium-atalyzed in silver-assisted system, K2CO3 as base, and THF as solvent to afford the corresponding product in moderate-high yield in 20 min with only 100 Watt microwave power. Thus, it represents a simple and alternative method for conventional heating.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.108
title: Commonality in EU’s foreign policy under intergovernmentalism : the case study of EU’s proactive reaction towards Iran

description: Since its inception, the EU’s foreign policy has been beset by skepticism. Many academics claim that the EU lacks of capacity to have a strong common foreign policy as the decision-making is constraint by the use of intergovernmental framework. However, it is not always the case that the framework of intergovermentalism failed to help the EU to form a common EU’s foreign policy. Arguably, the history of EU clearly demonstrated that EU’s foreign policy has gradually evolved under intergovernmental framework. In this context, the idea of creating a supranational body in terms of foreign affairs was out of the question. However, despite this rejection of supranationality, fundamentally the use of intergovernmentalism is widely accepted by the international community. In general within the EU institutions supranational and intergovernmental aspects can be observed. Yet in terms of economic and social affairs, the EU institutions take full responsibility in maintaining order. Thus, in matters vital to individual national interest, intergovernmental approach is applied. As the EU’s intergovernmental framework has been used since 1957, the application of the concept of intergovernmentalism has become more flexible. In this adapted form used in the EU, intergovernmentalism does not limit itself to cooperation between states anymore. Therefore, the concept has expanded its theoretical parameters to allow integration in both high and low politics. For example, in the negotiations with Iran, the intergovernmental mechanism of CFSP offered the EU member states the ability to respond proactively in a cooperative manner to the Iranian nuclear problem. Since 2003, as the IAEA along with international community was reacting to the Iranian nuclear issue, the EU has been at the forefront, rapidly responding to developments. The EU Big three’s first endeavor in dealing with the issue resulted in a breakthrough. After the EU adopted a strategy against WMD proliferation and a Security Strategy in December 2003, it became even more systematic in negotiations with Iran, utilizing ‘dual approaches’ of coercive diplomacy and continued dialogue. What is more, the EU High Representative for CFSP’s addition to the E3 negotiation team displayed coherence in terms of foreign policy across the entire EU. Some other factors related to the expanding foreign affairs role of the EU in effectively applying its influence in this particular international issue were the experience of the Iraq war, the Iranian positive perceptions towards the EU, the relative inaction of other major powers coupled with the specific nature of the EUs diplomacy helped the EU to be proactive in negotiating with Iran.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.109
title: Effcieny of bosurfactant from bacllus sp. GY19 enhancement of pyrene solublizaton and bodegradation

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate efficiency of Bacillus sp. GY19 and its biosurfactant on enhancing of pyrene bioavailability and biodegradation. Firstly, six biosurfactant-producing bacterial screened strains were examined for efficiency of biosurfactant production by using several substrates as carbon source. Bacillus sp. GY19 was selected based on five criteria including; surface tension reduction of culture media (29 mN/m), emulsification activity with crude oil and diesel oil (56% and 64%, respectively), high biomass (1.8 g/l), capability to use bottom glycerol as carbon source and the highest crude oil solubilization property of cultivated broth by using bottom glycerol as carbon source (2,062 mg/l). Further study showed that cell-free broth containing biosurfactant of GY19 exhibited the property to solubilize naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at 247, 41, 40, 12.6 and 3.6 mg/l, respectively. However, strain GY19 exhibited low ability to degrade 100 mg/l of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and 0.5% (v/v) of crude oil and could not grow and produce biosurfactant in liquid media. Moreover, the GY19 cells also exhibited low adherence (3.5%) to hexadecane as measured by the BATH assay. Crude biosurfactant extracted by liquid-liquid extraction was therefore used in the studying on enhancement of pyrene biodegradation. The increasing concentration of crude biosurfactant resulted in high solubilization capability of PAHs in which 5 g/l of crude biosurfactant exhibited the highest solubilization of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene with 174, 449 and 522 mg/l, respectively. However, concentration at 5 g/l of crude biosurfactant exhibited toxicity to Pseudoxanthomonas sp. RN402 and Novosphingobium sp. PCY which were used as pyrene-degrading bacteria in this study. Hence, concentration at 1 g/l (above CMC) of crude biosurfactant was applied for enhancing pyrene degradation by strain RN402 and strain PCY in liquid medium. In enhancing pyrene biodegradation by crude biosurfactant experiment, the toxicity of crude biosurfactant mainly inhibited pyrene degradation for strain RN402 and strain PCY in form of free cells. On the other hand, immobilization of strain RN402 exhibited positive result at 500 mg/l of pyrene degradation while crude biosurfactant still exhibited toxicity to immobilized strain RN402. In conclusion, biosurfactant from Bacillus sp. strain GY19 using bottom glycerol as carbon source also exhibited high solubilization of PAHs and crude oil. However, it should be studied on other concentrations of crude biosurfactant on enhancing PAHs bioavailability and biodegradation. Furthermore, solubilization process can be further studied for applying in industrial as a detergent for cleaning oil or combining solubilization-biodegradation process to eliminate PAHs and crude oil.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.110
title: Intellectual property rights protection,Rival's asymmetry and differentiated products

description: This study focuses on a conflict of interests regarding the intellectual property rights protections (IPRs) regime in a North-South context.In order to examine reaction of each related party,a duopolistic cournot game with cost-reducing R&D model is employed.We observe and compare equilibrium outcomes of 2 regimes : no protection regime and full protection regime.The mian feature of this study is an introduction of product differentiation between the North and the South products.The model of Poyago-Theotoky and Teerasuwannajak (2012) is extended to study the consequences of different degrees of product differentiation on the conflict of interests.The analysis leads to 2 main results :1.) IPR protection may fail to strengthen private R&D incentives if products are significantiy differentiated even when R&D productivity of the two countries are very different 2.)The conflict regarding the strength of IPRs protection regime is less severe as products become more differentiated.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.112
title: Radiation dose in voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children

description: Children are more sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation than adults. Special attention must be paid to the amount of radiation in clinical use. Most radiation induced tumors and do not become manifest until many years after exposure, so adult patients may have died of other causes before they develop. Children, because of their longer life expectancy, have a greater chance of being alive long enough for the tumor to present. Therefore, practical aspects on dose savings are the most important factors. The purpose of this study is to determine entrance skin dose (ESD) from radiographic-fluoroscopic procedures in voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) studies of pediatric patients by dose area product (DAP) recordings. Radiation doses received by 70 pediatric patients undergoing voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) procedures were determined by the transmission ionization chamber (Dose Area Product, DAP Meter, Wellhöfer Dosimetrie GmbH Bahnhofstrasse 5 D-90592 Schwarzenbruck, Germany) directly coupled to the x-ray tube window of machine (Philips Omni Diagnost Eleva) and an electrometer connected to a computer for data collection. The study revealed the radiation dose for voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) procedure and the baseline data on the entrance skin dose (ESD), dose area product (DAP) and the effective dose (E), to establish local reference dose levels in pediatric patients. The local dose reference level (DRL) at Ramathibodi Hospital, the entrance skin dose (ESD), dose area product (DAP), and effective dose (E), were determined for 0-1 years, 4 mGy, 49 cGycm2, and 0.10 mSv, for &gt;1-5 years, 10 mGy, 176 cGycm2, and 0.37 mSv, for &gt;5-10 years, 14 mGy, 393 cGycm2, and 0.83 mSv, for &gt;10-15 years, 24 mGy, 708 cGycm2, and 1.49 mSv respectively. Attempts could be made to lower the radiation dose received during these procedures due to a higher risk of developing radiation-induced cancer in children.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.113
title: The impacts of opinion leaders towards purchase decision under different types of product involvement : a cross-cultural study

description: To measure the influence of opinion leaders towards purchase decisions of opinion seekers through personal forces of opinion seeker’s expertise and opinion leader’s expertise, and interpersonal forces of tie strength and homophily. This study also seeks further explanation from cross-cultural dimensions, and product-category involvement. This findings show that the influence of opinion leaders towards purchase decision of opinion seekers do not have equal weighting on the purchase decision due to those personal and interpersonal forces. It is also found that varied level of influence on purchase decisions is due to cultural background. Collectivists are influenced by opinion leaders more than individualists. This is not only true across countries, but also within both countries themselves. In addition, different types of product-category involvement result in dissimilar significant personal and interpersonal forces. Thus, marketing academics and marketing managers should find that different types of product-category involvement as well as different cultural background may require different marketing. As such, they can utilise this study to plan a more suitable and effective marketing strategy.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.114
title: Effects of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on roots of rice oryza sativa L.

description: The present study investigated the effects of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) and zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed germination and root development. In this work, seeds of the rice cultivar Pathum Thani 1 were used and four different parameters: a) seed germination percentage, b) root length, c) root number and d) relative root growth were analyzed after treating rice seeds and seedling with different concentrations of nanoparticles. The results show that there was no reduction in the percentage of seed germination for both ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Also, whilst nano-TiO₂ had no effects on root length, root number and relative root growth of rice seedlings, nano-ZnO was observed to cause significant reduction of both root length and number. For the relative root growth measurements, the nano-ZnO exposure also caused decrease in root elongation even at low concentration as 10 mg/L nano-ZnO. Further study on the effects of the nanoparticles on anatomical structure of root treated with nano-ZnO was performed. Globules were observed in the cortical cell treated with nano-ZnO, leading to the conclusion that the globules were formed specifically to nano-ZnO. The fluids within the globules were not analyzed in this study, but it might either contain nano-ZnO, zinc ion, or possibly other substances produced by plant cells. Further studies on the development of the globules and their fluid compositions are recommended. Overall, this study shows that direct exposure to some types of nanoparticles i.e. nano-ZnO can cause significant toxicity on root development of economically important rice plants. This detrimental effect of nano-ZnO should be of great concern for both plant production and the ecosystems, and emphasize the need for responsible treatment and disposal of wastes containing nanoparticles so that they are not released into the unprotected environment.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.194
title: In vitro behavior of osteoblast-like cells on titanium surface blasted with Al2O3 and glass beads

description: Blasting titanium with abrasive particle is the method used to generate surface topography and roughness to improve cellular responses. The behavior of MC3T3-E1 cells was compared on six different titanium surfaces: polished titanium (Ti-polish), titanium blasted with glass beads (SiO₂) particles of 50 or 100 µm in size (50SiO₂-Ti, 100SiO₂-Ti) and titanium blasted with Al₂O₃ particles of 50,100 or 250 µm in size (50Al₂O₃-Ti, 100Al₂O₃-Ti, 250Al₂O₃-Ti). Profilometry showed the comparable roughness values for the surface blasted with the same size particle, (Sa= 0.5340, 0.5288 µm for 50SiO₂-Ti and 50Al₂O₃-Ti) (Sa=0.6323, 0.6343 µm for 100SiO₂-Ti and 100Al₂O₃-Ti). While the 250Al₂O₃-Ti had the highest roughness values (Sa= 1.5168 µm). Both the SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ blasted surfaces were hydrophilic materials but only Al₂O₃ blasted surface could support higher amount of fibrin formation after 5 minutes. In addition, cells seeded on 250Al₂O₃ –Ti showed faster rate of adhesion at 30 min, higher rate of proliferation at day 2, higher expression of collagen type I and osteocalcin at day 7 than the other surfaces. Moreover, increased expression of osteocalcin at day 14 and more alizarin red-S staining at day 14 were observed on Al₂O₃ blasted surfaces compared to the SiO₂ blasted surfaces. However, no significant differences in cell response among the groups, which prepared by different size of Al₂O₃ were detected. The results of this study indicated that Al₂O₃ blasted surface could support the osteoblast adhesion, differentiation and mineralization better than SiO₂.These results suggested that the 250Al₂O₃ –Ti supported the greatest initial adhesion, proliferation and initial gene expression of MC3T3-E1 cells.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.195
title: Anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Morinda Citrifolia fruit extract and development of nanoemulsions

description: The present study focused on anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai Morinda citrifolia fruit extracts as potential ingredient used for nanoemulsions formulation in cosmetic applications. The fruit juice was freeze-dried. The residue was further extracted by ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate. All of the extracts were determined for their inhibitory activities against tyrosinase enzyme and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The extract which showed highest activity was further partitioned by hexane and ethyl acetate. The IC50 of partitioning fractions was determined for their activities. The extract with highest activities was selected for further investigations. The cytotoxicity evaluation was determined by MTT assay using keratinocyte (HaCaT cells). The selected extract was incubated at 4°C, 30°C and 40°C for 6 months. The chemical constituents were determined by validated HPLC condition with scopoletin as a marker. The o/w nanoemulsions with small droplet size was produced and investigated for its stability and in vitro permeation profile. As the results of extraction, the ethanol extraction showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 =0.234 mg/ml) with comparable anti-tyrosinase activity to other solvent extracts. After partition, ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited highest activities with IC50 value of anti-tyrosinase and DPPH assay were 1.201 mg/ml and 0.014 mg/ml, respectively. The extract at concentration of 1.2 mg/ml had no effect on cell viability. The stability determination of the extract showed insignificant reduction of the scopoletin concentration as well as its antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals kept at 4°C and 30°C for 6 months. However, it showed slightly reduction after storage at 40°C for 4 months. This reduction was in an acceptable range. Caprylic/capric triglyceride was chosen as the oil phase, TWEEN®80-SPAN®20 as emulsifiers, and cremophor® RH-40 as solubilizing enhancer for nanoemulsions formulation. The prepared nanoemulsions showed good physical stability under heat-cool stress conditions and kept at 4°C and 30°C over 3 months. The chemical compound, scopoletin, incorporated in nanoemulsions exhibited good stability. The release profile of extract-loaded nanoemulsions was not different compared to the solution of extract. The extract-loaded nanoemulsions showed significantly better permeation through porcine membrane than conventional o/w emulsion.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.196
title: Comparative study of the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine concentration in the urine samples of Thai patients receiving selegiline and methamphetamine abusers

description: The objective of this study was to compare the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine concentrations in urines of Thai patients receiving selegiline therapy to the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine concentrations in urines of Thai methamphetamine abusers. In addition, the possibility of using the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine to preliminarily differentiate patients receiving selegiline therapy from methamphetamine abusers was also assessed. Urine samples were collected from fifteen Thai patients (11 men and 4 women, 45-76 years old). They were outpatients of Prasat Neurological Institute and were prescribed selegiline for medical purpose. Urine samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 20 hours after selegiline administration. The urine samples from 97 abusers were collected once from each abuser at either 2, 4, 6, 8, or 20 hours after the last methamphetamine consumption. Methamphetamine and amphetamine concentrations in urine samples were determined using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine concentrations in urines of patients receiving selegiline were significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher than those of the methamphetamine abusers at every corresponding time point (2, 4, 6, 8 and 20 hours) after selegiline administration or methamphetamine consumption. The lowest ratio of the patients was 0.74 ± 0.07, while the highest ratio of the methamphetamine abusers was 0.41 ± 0.05 at 6 hours. The ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine concentrations in urines could be preliminarily used to differentiate patients receiving selegiline from methamphetamine abusers with an accuracy of 84.88% when using the value ratio of 0.4 as the cut-off value.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3384594
title: Chronicle of Nature - Phenology of Plants by Mari Chodra National Park

description: Plants Phenology dataset compiled in the context of Chronicle of Nature program in Mari Chodra National Park (Russian Federation) consisting of 3197 records collected during 10 years between 2007 and 2016.
description: This dataset export was created by EarthCape software platform version 18.2.7186.19901
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3384595
title: Chronicle of Nature - Phenology of Plants by Mari Chodra National Park

description: Plants Phenology dataset compiled in the context of Chronicle of Nature program in Mari Chodra National Park (Russian Federation) consisting of 3197 records collected during 10 years between 2007 and 2016.
description: This dataset export was created by EarthCape software platform version 18.2.7185.18267
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.115
title: Linkage of budgetary slack to discretionary accruals and the measurements and determinants of budgetary slack: the empirical evidence of listed companies in Thailand

description: This study firstly, investigates the linkage of budgetary slack to discretionary accruals as a result of earnings management; secondly, introduces and objective measurement of budgetary slack based ex post measure of firm's annual budget achievability with the exclusion of earnings mansgement through discretionary accruals rather than the traditional subjective measurement based on management's peperceptions; and thirdly, empirically examines the association between budgetary slack and its determinants under various budgerary slack measurements. This study uses primary data from survey questionnaires and data from the annual financial statements for the year ended 2009 of listed non-financial and ono-rehabilitation companies in Thailand. The respondents are those who are at the corporate level. The population covers 387 firms and there are 38 returned and usable questionnaires which is 10% response rate. The results reveal that firms choose to manipulate earnungs through discretionary accruals and create slack into budgets. The means of discretionary accruals are significantly different among groups. However, there is no statistical evidence that the means of budgetary slack of each subsample group are different. There is a linkage of budgetary slack to discretionary accruals. Firms that incorporated slack into budgets and already achieved their annual earnings targets are more likely to manipulate earnings downward in order to reserve the excess earnings and/or not to exceed the targets by too much witch affect the budget setting in the next period. Althrough the objective measurement of budgetary slack is statistically found to be positively related to the traditional subjective measurement, the suggested objective measurement is considered to be a superior one. Moreover, the association between budgetary slack and its determinants is relatively sensitive to the measurements of budgetary slack.