cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0p86
title: Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: Parasite-blind diversification of host quality

description: Evolutionary diversification can occur in allopatry or sympatry, can be
 driven by selection or unselected, and can be phenotypically manifested
 immediately or remain latent until realised in a newly encountered
 environment. Diversification of host-parasite interactions is frequently
 studied in the context of intrinsically selective coevolution, but the
 potential for host-parasite interaction phenotypes to diversify latently
 during parasite-blind host evolution is rarely considered. Here we use a
 social bacterium experimentally adapted to several environments in the
 absence of phage to analyse allopatric diversification of host quality -
 the degree to which a host population supports a viral epidemic.
 Phage-blind evolution reduced host quality overall, with some bacteria
 becoming completely resistant to growth suppression by phage.
 Selective-environment differences generated only mild divergence in
 host-quality. However, selective environments nonetheless played a major
 role in shaping evolution by determining the degree of stochastic
 diversification among replicate populations within treatments. Ancestral
 motility genotype was also found to strongly shape patterns of latent
 host-quality evolution and diversification. These outcomes show
 that i) adaptive landscapes can differ in how they constrain
 stochastic diversification of a latent phenotype and ii) major effects of
 selection on biological diversification can be missed by focusing on trait
 means. Collectively, our findings suggest that latent-phenotype evolution
 (LPE) should inform host-parasite evolution theory and that
 diversification should be conceived broadly to include latent phenotypes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.866t1g1pb
title: Prolonged unconsciousness following severe COVID-19

description: Objective: We report a case series of patients with prolonged but
 reversible unconsciousness following COVID-19 related severe respiratory
 failure. Methods: A case series of  patients who were admitted to
 the ICU due to COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure is described.
 Results: After cessation of sedatives the described cases all showed a
 prolonged comatose state. Diagnostic neurological work-up did not show
 signs of devastating brain injury. The clinical pattern of awakening
 started with early eye opening without obeying commands and persistent
 flaccid weakness in all cases. Time between cessation of sedatives to the
 first moment of being fully responsive with obeying commands ranged from 8
 to 31 days. Conclusion: Prolonged unconsciousness in patients with severe
 respiratory failure due to COVID-19 can be fully reversible warranting a
 cautious approach for prognostication based on a prolonged state of
 unconsciousness.
description: Case series
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.866t1g1pc
title: Data from: Historical climatic instability predicts the inverse latitudinal pattern in speciation rate of modern mammalian biota

description: Evolutionary rate explanations for latitudinal diversity gradients predict
 faster speciation and diversification rates in richer, older, and more
 stable tropical regions (climatic stability hypothesis). Numerous modern
 lineages have emerged in high latitudes, however, suggesting that climatic
 oscillations can drive population divergence, at least among extratropical
 species (glacial refugia hypothesis). This conflicting evidence suggests
 that geographical patterns of evolutionary rates are more complicated than
 previously thought. Here, we reconstructed the complex evolutionary
 dynamics of a comprehensive dataset of modern mammals, both terrestrial
 and marine. We performed global and regional regression analyses to
 investigate how climatic instability could have indirectly influenced
 contemporary diversity gradients through its effects on evolutionary
 rates. In particular, we explored global and regional patterns of the
 relationships between species richness and assemblage-level evolutionary
 rates and between evolutionary rates and climatic instability. We found an
 inverse relationship between evolutionary rates and species richness,
 especially in the terrestrial domain. Additionally, climatic instability
 was strongly associated with the highest evolutionary rates at high
 terrestrial latitudes, supporting the glacial refugia hypothesis there. At
 low latitudes, evolutionary rates were unrelated to climatic stability.
 The inverse relationship between evolutionary rates and the modern
 latitudinal diversity gradient casts doubt on the idea that higher
 evolutionary rates in the tropics underlie the current diversity patterns
 of modern mammals. Alternatively, the longer time spans for diversity to
 accumulate in the older and more stable tropics (and not high
 diversification rates) may explain the latitudinal diversity gradient.
description: After computing evolutionary rates for each species using BAMM,
 we calculated the mean speciation rate (MS) and mean net diversification
 rate (MDN) of all species of mammals per grid cell (Table_MS_MDN.csv).
 Grid cells at a 1° × 1° resolution We estimated
 historical climatic instability (CI) as the difference between the mean
 annual temperature of the last glacial maximum and the present mean annual
 temperature in each cell, for both landmasses and the sea surface
 (Table_CI.csv). This dataset excluded Antarctic Ocean information (above
 latitude 70°S). Grid cells at a 1° × 1° resolution.
description: All coastal cells as well as cells with less than two species
 were removed of datafiles.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nvx0k6dqw
title: Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes

description: Context: Novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide
 demonstrated substantially greater glucose control and weight loss (WL)
 compared with selective GLP-1RA dulaglutide. Objective: Explore mechanisms
 of glucose control by tirzepatide. Design: Post-hoc analyses of fasting
 biomarkers and multiple linear regression analysis. Setting: 47 sites in 4
 countries. Patients or Other Participants: 316 subjects with Type 2
 diabetes. Interventions: Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5
 mg), placebo. Main Outcome Measures: Analyze biomarkers of beta-cell
 function and insulin resistance (IR) and evaluate WL contributions to IR
 improvements at 26 weeks. Results: HOMA2-B significantly increased with
 dulaglutide and tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg compared with placebo
 (p&lt;0.02). Proinsulin/insulin  and proinsulin/C-peptide
 ratios significantly decreased with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with
 placebo and dulaglutide (p&lt;0.007). Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg
 significantly decreased fasting insulin (p&lt;0.033) and tirzepatide
 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR (p=0.004) compared with placebo and
 dulaglutide. Markers of improved insulin sensitivity (IS) adiponectin,
 IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 significantly increased by one or more doses of
 tirzepatide (p&lt;0.05). To determine whether improvements in IR were
 directly attributable to WL, multiple linear regression analysis with
 potential confounding variables age, sex, metformin, triglycerides, and
 HbA1c was conducted. WL significantly (p&lt;0.028) explained only 13%
 and 21% of improvement in HOMA2-IR with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg,
 respectively. Conclusions: Tirzepatide improved markers of IS and
 beta-cell function to a greater extent than dulaglutide. IS effects of
 tirzepatide were only partly attributable to WL, suggesting dual receptor
 agonism confers distinct mechanisms of glycemic control.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfp8
title: Data for: Wolves make roadways safer, generating large economic returns to predator conservation

description: This dataset includes information on deer-vehicle collisions, vehicle
 miles traveled, weather, and deer, wolf, and human populations, for
 counties in Wisconsin from 1981-2016.
description: These data are described in the README.txt file. A full
 replication package for the paper associated with this data is available
 at: https://github.com/jennifer-raynor/wolvs_and_DVCs. 
description: These details needed for data useage are described in the
 README.txt file.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396250
title: Dataset from Gut Microbial Community Structure, Metabolic Signature, and Resistome in Dyslipidemia: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Management

description: Dataset from Gut Microbial Community Structure, Metabolic Signature, and Resistome in Dyslipidemia: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Management
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.79cnp5ht4
title: Data from: Mob and rotational grazing influence pasture biomass, nutritive value, and species composition

description:        This is digital research data
 corresponding to a published manuscript, Mob and rotational grazing
 influence pasture biomass, nutritive value, and species composition, in
 Agronomy Journal, Vol. 112 p. 2866-2878.      
  Mob grazing, which uses very high stocking densities for short
 durations followed by a relatively long rest period, was designed to mimic
 bison (Bison bison) grazing in western U.S. grassland. This project
 assessed the suitability of mob grazing for livestock production in the
 Northeast. Objectives were to compare the effects of mob and rotational
 grazing on dry matter (DM) mass, nutritive value, and botanical
 composition across four grazing seasons. Eight, 0.10‐ha paddocks were
 established in 2014 as a randomized complete block with four replications,
 and seeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium
 repens L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), narrowleaf plantain
 (Plantago lanceolata L.), and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus
 (Schreb.) Dumort]. Mob‐grazed (MOB) paddocks were grazed by yearling beef
 cattle twice each year, (70–90–day interval), and rotationally grazed
 (ROT) paddocks were grazed four to six times each year (when sward height
 reached 25 cm).
description: Methods are described in the manuscript https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20215.
description: Descriptions corresponding to each figure and table in the
 manuscript are placed on separate tabs in the Excel file to clarify
 abbreviations and summarize the data headings and units.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xwj
title: Atlantic walrus signal latitudinal differences in the long-term decline of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna in the Canadian Arctic

description: Climate change is altering the biogeochemical and physical characteristics
 of the Arctic marine environment, which impacts sea ice algal and
 phytoplankton bloom dynamics and the vertical transport of these carbon
 sources to benthic communities. Little is known about whether the
 contribution of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna and nitrogen
 cycling has changed over multiple decades in concert with receding sea
 ice. We combined compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids
 with highly-branched isoprenoid diatom lipid biomarkers using archived
 (1982-2016) tissue of benthivorous Atlantic walrus to examine temporal
 trends of sea ice-derived carbon, nitrogen isotope baseline and trophic
 position of Atlantic walrus at high- and mid-latitudes in the Canadian
 Arctic. Associated with an 18% sea ice decline in the mid-Arctic, sea
 ice-derived carbon contribution to Atlantic walrus decreased by 75%
 suggesting a strong decoupling of sea ice-benthic habitats. In contrast, a
 nearly exclusive amount of sea ice-derived carbon was maintained in
 high-Arctic Atlantic walrus (98% in 1996 and 89% in 2006) despite a
 similar percentage in sea ice reduction. Nitrogen isotope baseline or the
 trophic position of Atlantic walrus did not change over time at either
 location. These findings indicate spatial differences in the restructuring
 of carbon energy sources utilized by Atlantic walrus and their benthic
 prey and in turn, a change in Arctic marine ecosystem functioning between
 sea ice-pelagic-benthic habitats.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2547d7wpd
title: Coordinated evolution of brain size, structure and eye size in Trinidadian killifish

description: Brain size, brain architecture, and eye size vary extensively in
 vertebrates. However, the extent to which the evolution of these
 components is intricately connected remains unclear. Trinidadian
 killifish, Anablepsoides hartii, are found in sites that differ in the
 presence and absence of large predatory fish. Decreased rates of predation
 are associated with evolutionary shifts in brain size; males from sites
 without predators have evolved a relatively larger brain and eye size than
 males from sites with predators. Here, we evaluated the extent to which
 the evolution of brain size, brain structure, and eye size covary in male
 killifish. We utilized wild-caught and common garden reared specimens to
 determine if specific components of the brain have evolved in response to
 differences in predation and to determine if there is covariation between
 the evolution of brain size, brain structure, and eye size. We observed
 consistent shifts in brain architecture in second generation common garden
 reared, but not wild caught preserved fish. Male killifish from sites that
 lack predators exhibited a significantly larger telencephalon, optic
 tectum, cerebellum, and dorsal medulla when compared with fish from sites
 with predators. We also found positive connections between the evolution
 of brain structure and eye size but not between overall brain size and eye
 size. These results provide evidence for evolutionary covariation between
 the components of the brain and eye size. Such results suggest that
 selection, directly or indirectly, acts upon specific regions of the
 brain, rather than overall brain size, to enhance visual capabilities.
description: Data includes wild-caught and common garden reared specimen.
 Variables are Code - fish ID, River - river of origin, population of
 origin- HP (high predation), RO (Rivulus-only), figh length (mm), ln
 transformed length, fish weight (g), ln transformed weight, brain weight
 (g) and ln transformed brain weight, eye size (mm) and ln transformed eye
 size. Telencephalon, dorsal medulla, cerebellum, optic tetcum width (mm)
 and ln transformed widths. Telencephalon, dorsal medulla, cerebellum,
 optic tetcum volume (mm^3) and ln transformed volumes (for wild caught
 only). Telencephalon, dorsal medulla, cerebellum, optic tetcum, and
 overall brain size residuals. Residuals were output from regressions
 between ln-brain (or brain structure) and ln-length. For common garden
 specimen, age at maturation is included (days) as well as food treatment
 (H= high food, L = low food). See ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kd8
title: Datasets used to support the work presented in: Beringer, C.J., K.W. Goyne, R.N. Lerch, E.B. Webb, and D. Mengel. 2020: Clothianidin decomposition in Missouri wetland soils. J. Environ. Qual. JEQ-2020-05-0167-TR

description: Neonicotinoid pesticides can persist in soils for extended time periods;
 however, they also have a high potential to contaminate ground and surface
 waters. Studies have reported negative effects associated with
 neonicotinoids and non-target taxa, including aquatic invertebrates,
 pollinating insect species, and insectivorous birds. This study evaluated
 factors associated with clothianidin (1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)
 methyl]-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine, CTN) degradation and sorption in
 Missouri wetland soils to assess the potential for wetland soils to
 mitigate potential environmental risks associated with neonicotinoids.
 Solid-to-solution partition coefficients (Kd) for CTN sorption to eight
 wetland soils were determined via single-point sorption experiments, and
 sorption isotherm experiments were conducted using the two most
 contrasting soils. Clothianidin degradation was determined under oxic and
 anoxic conditions over 60 d. Degradation data were fit to zero- and
 first-order kinetic decay models to determine CTN half-life, i.t0.5).
 Sorption results indicated CTN sorption to wetland soil was relatively
 weak (average Kd = 3.58 L kg-1); thus, CTN has the potential to be mobile
 and bioavailable within wetland soils. However, incubation results showed
 anoxic conditions significantly increased CTN degradation rates in wetland
 soils (anoxic average t0.5 =27.2 d; oxic average t0.5 = 149.1 d). A
 significant negative correlation was observed between anoxic half-life
 values and soil organic carbon content (r2=0.782; p=0.046). Greater CTN
 degradation rates in wetland soils under anoxic conditions suggest that
 managing wetlands to facilitate anoxic conditions could mitigate CTN
 presence in the environment and reduce exposure to non-target organisms.
description: Wetland soil samples were collected at eight sites from 0-10 cm
 depth in locations that contained characteristic wetland vegetation (e.g.,
 <i>Polygonum spp., Cyperaceae spp., Juncaceae spp., Typha
 spp.</i>)  for Missouri.
description: There are some missing replications in the Incubation
 Concentration Data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2nkx
title: Pythons in the Eocene of Europe reveal a much older divergence of the group in sympatry with boas

description: Extant large constrictors, pythons and boas, have a wholly allopatric
 distribution that has been interpreted largely in terms of vicariance in
 Gondwana. Here we describe a stem pythonid based on complete skeletons
 from the early-middle Eocene of Messel, Germany. The new species is close
 in age to the divergence of Pythonidae from North American Loxocemus and
 corroborates a Laurasian origin and dispersal of pythons. Remarkably, it
 existed in sympatry with the stem boid Eoconstrictor. These occurrences
 demonstrate that neither dispersal limitation nor strong competitive
 interactions were decisive in structuring biogeographic patterns early in
 the history of large, hyper-macrostomatan constrictors and exemplify the
 synergy between phylogenomic and paleontological approaches in
 reconstructing past distributions.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.smc6gf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 235 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Hyophorbe lagenicaulis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 235 records from 56 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002644-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbmj
title: Counts of shorebirds and environmental correlates at Roberts Bank, British Columbia (1991 to 2019)

description: Data include counts conducted during northward migration of two species of
 shorebirds (Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri and Dunlin Calidris alpina)
 on the mudflats of Roberts Bank, British Columbia, 1991 to 2019. Count
 methodology detailed in Drever et al. (2014) and Canham et al. (2021).
 Data also include a set of covariates related to local conditions
 (precipitation, temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation,
 tidal amplitude, and water discharge rates from the Fraser River).
description: Methods described in Drever et al. (2014). Drever, M. C., Lemon,
 M. J., Butler, R. W., & Millikin, R. L. (2014). Monitoring
 populations of western sandpipers and Pacific dunlins during northward
 migration on the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia, 1991–2013.
 <em>Journal of Field Ornithology</em>,
 <em>85</em>(1), 10-22.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qfttjg
title: Recent extinctions among Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii) and the origin of extant populations

description: Little Spotted Kiwi (LSK; Apteryx owenii) have the lowest genetic
 diversity of five currently recognised kiwi species apparently due to a
 bottleneck when at most five individuals were translocated to Kapiti
 Island in 1912. Ancient DNA analyses show that LSK also had the lowest
 genetic diversity of kiwi species historically, possibly due to population
 bottlenecks during Pleistocene glaciation. We compare genetic diversity
 between LSK from Kapiti Island (extant), D’Urville Island (extinct) and
 the South Island of mainland New Zealand (extinct) at 495 bp of the
 mitochondrial control region (mtDNA) and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci
 (nDNA). Despite higher sample sizes in extant (n = 31 mtDNA, 97 nDNA) than
 recently extinct (n = 10 mtDNA, 9 nDNA) populations, extant LSK have at
 least 78% fewer mtDNA haplotypes and 52% fewer microsatellite alleles than
 recently extinct LSK. Extant LSK were strongly divergent from historical
 LSK for both mtDNA and nDNA (FST = 0.237 to 0.480), but showed greatest
 similarity with historical samples from Fiordland near the putative source
 population of Kapiti founders. Microsatellite data suggest that Kapiti LSK
 could have arisen from as few as three birds and our mtDNA data show that
 at least two of the founders were female. Our results indicate that
 substantial genetic diversity has been lost with the recent extinctions of
 remnant populations. Locating and protecting any last surviving
 individuals in presumed extinct populations will require intensive
 conservation efforts, but could also provide an invaluable source of
 genetic diversity for the species.
description: Please see the Methods sections of the associated peer-reviewed
 journal article for this information.
description: Please see the associated Readme for file (Apteryx
 owenii_microsatellite_genotypes_July2020) for this information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhh9
title: An endangered bird calls less when invasive birds are calling

description: Novel noises can affect various animal behaviours, and changes to vocal
 behaviour are some of the most documented. The calls of invasive species
 are an important source of novel noise, yet their effects on native
 species are poorly understood. We examined the effects of invasive bird
 calls on the vocal activity of an endangered Australian finch to
 investigate whether: (i) native finch calling behaviour was affected by
 novel invasive bird calls, and (ii) the calls of the finches overlapped in
 frequency with those of invasive birds. We exposed a wild population of
 Black-throated Finch southern subspecies (Poephila cincta cincta) to the
 vocalisations of two invasive birds, Nutmeg Mannikins (Lonchura
 punctulata) and Common Mynas (Acridotheres tristis), a synthetic ‘pink’
 noise, and a silent control. To determine whether the amount of
 Black-throated Finch calling differed in response to treatments, we
 recorded and quantified Black-throated Finch vocalisations, and assessed
 the amount of calling using a generalised linear mixed model followed by
 pairwise comparisons. We also measured, for both Black-throated Finches
 and the stimulus noises: dominant, minimum and maximum frequency, and
 assessed the degree of frequency overlap between Black-throated Finch
 calls and stimulus noises. Compared to silent controls, Black-throated
 Finches called less when exposed to Common Myna calls and pink noise, but
 not to Nutmeg Mannikin calls. We also found that pink noise overlapped
 most in frequency with Black-throated Finch calls. Common Myna calls also
 somewhat overlapped the frequency range of Black-throated Finch calls,
 whereas Nutmeg Mannikin calls overlapped the least. It is possible that
 masking interference is the mechanism behind the reduction in calling in
 response to Common Myna calls and pink noise, but more work is needed to
 resolve this. Regardless, these results indicate that the calls of
 invasive species can affect the behaviour of native species, and future
 research should aim to understand the scope and severity of this issue.
description: Audio recorders were placed in the field to record the calls of
 Black-throated Finches exposed to different noise treatments.
 Black-throated Finch calls in recordings were quantified. Please refer to
 the methods section of the corresponding manuscript for more
 detail.