cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.155
title: Tensile Characterization of Textile Reinforced Mortar

description: Textile reinforced mortar (TRM) is a composite material consisting of dry fibers embedded in a cementitious matrix, commonly used for strengthening masonry and concrete structures. In general, tensile characterization is required to identify the TRM mechanical properties, which are considered the key parameters needed for the structural design of strengthening systems. This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the tensile properties of TRM. In this effort, a total of 15 TRM coupons of 410 mm in length, 50 mm in width, and 10 mm in thickness were tested under uniaxial tensile load with clevis-type anchors. Three different types of textile materials were considered: carbon, glass, and polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO). As for the study results, a common shape of the TRM tensile constitutive law was observed. Moreover, the average mechanical properties were listed for each type of TRM. Finally, the results and considerations presented in this work can enrich the literature with background data, which are beneficial for future applications of TRM systems in structural rehabilitation and repair.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.156
title: EVALUATION OF APPLIED REMEDIATION WORKS ON HISTORICAL MASONRY WALL EXPOSED TO LONG-TERM DETERIORATION

description: The exposure of massive historical masonry walls to the varying climatic conditions represent crucial factor for long-time damage related to the moisture and soluble salts increase. Moisture movement in the porous structure of massive historical masonry wall driven by capillary forces is usually connected with transport of salt solutions which is responsible for severe damage. Because of missing damp-proof insulation layers, the moisture ingress is not prevented and carries soluble salt from the ground especially during winter period. This study is aimed on evaluation of the effect of commonly used restoration works on conservation of exposed building. The influence of applied precautions was continuously monitored by time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes in various depths and heights in studied masonry wall located in the basement of residential house in Prague, Czech Republic. Based on the obtained results, taking in to account also influence of the indoor ant outdoor temperature and relative humidity variations monitored by combined temperature/relative humidity sensors, the wall drying process and the success of applied methods was described.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.157
title: INFLUENCE OF MEMBER CONNECTION MODELING FOR REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS OF TRUSS BRIDGES

description: To assess critical state of bridges, after-fracture-redundancy plays important roll. Therefore, it is necessary to make a correct prediction of redundancy. However, redundancy from numerical analysis is strongly influenced by various analytical conditions. This study aimed to clarify the influence of member connection modeling and shape of gusset plates on redundancy analysis of truss bridges. Redundancy were computed for three types of analysis model of truss bridge. Model A was a frame model of truss bridge, frame members were connected to each other rigidly as it is. On the other hand, in Model B and Model C, members were connected via gusset plates modeled by shell elements. Gusset plates in model B were rectangle and these of model C had curved shape. Using these three models, redundancies under different analytical condition and different gusset plate shape were compared. From the results of calculation, it was found that bending moment on truss members were strongly influenced by difference of member connection modeling. Computed results also indicated that the influence appears more strongly in damage state than normal state (non-damage state). This result suggested the necessity of accurate modeling of member connection. Furthermore, it was indicated that the redundancy of truss bridges could be improved by change in shape of gusset plates.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.158
title: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE ELECTRIC POLES

description: This paper presents finite element modeling of tapered FRP poles in ABAQUS for dynamic analysis. Modal analysis and transient dynamic analysis are presented in order to evaluate the effect of fiber orientation, taper ratio, number of layers and lamina thickness on the dynamic properties of tapered poles. Trends observed from parametric studies on the analyses of the FRP poles are enumerated. In addition, the effect of rectangular dynamic excitations on the overall response of the poles is presented representing impulsive loadings that may occur due to wind gusts or loss of cable tension supporting the FRP poles. Result shows that the fundamental frequency of the poles decreased as the fiber-orientation increased up to 60 degrees. In addition, the fundamental frequency of the poles increased as the number of layers increased. No significant difference was observed in natural frequency when varying the lamina thickness without changing the overall laminate thickness. The fundamental frequency of the poles decreased by 10% as the taper ratio increased from 0.4 to 1. Transient dynamic analysis showed that poles with higher fiber orientation angle had the larger maximum tip deflection. However, only small differences were observed when the deflections are normalized as the ratio of the maximum dynamic to static deformation.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.159
title: A PERSPECTIVE ON SEAWATER/FRP REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

description: Predictions show that more than half of the world population will lack sufficient freshwater by 2025. Yet, the construction industry uses a considerable amount of freshwater to produce concrete. To save resources of fresh water, using seawater seems to be a valid potential alternative that can replace freshwater for mixing concrete. This paper presents a short review performed on existing literature related to the usage of seawater in concrete structures. As a summary of the work presented: (a) It is noticeable that the current literature, generally, reports little or no negative effect of seawater on the characteristics of plain concrete, both in the short and in the long term; (b) steel corrosion caused by the presence of chloride appears to be the sole reason for not accepting the use of seawater in concrete preparation; (c) Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is discussed as a promising alternative to steel for seawater-concrete reinforcement, owing to their light weight, high tensile strength, and adequate corrosion resistance; and (d) A future outlook for using seawater accompanied by FRP reinforcement in concrete structures is discussed in terms of achieving sustainability goals.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.160
title: Slip coefficient of bolted slip-critical connections

description: The design philosophy of slip-critical connections is to utilize the friction force developed through the clamping force exerted by the pretension of the high-strength bolt. Therefore, the slip-critical connections can have resistance in the direction of the bolt shear. This resistance is affected by the bolt clamping force and slip coefficient on the faying surfaces. This research aims to increase the resistance of the slip-critical connections. Increasing the resistance of the slip-critical connections can be achieved by increasing either the clamping force or the slip coefficient. Thermal spray coating technology was used to increase the slip coefficient. Tests were conducted to investigate the effects of coated material (aluminum or aluminum-magnesium) and coating thickness. Compared to the blast-cleaned faying surface, thermal sprayed coating faying surface results in a greater slip coefficient.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.161
title: Effect of Surface Roughening on Concrete/TRM Bond

description: Textile reinforced mortar (TRM) is applied on the concrete surface with the aim of strengthening reinforced concrete structures. The performance of the strengthened structural system is directly related to the bond between the existing concrete substrate and the freshly applied TRM layer. This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to investigate the significance of concrete surface preparation, performed prior to strengthening, on the bonding behavior of the TRM system. For this purpose, concrete slabs of size (500 mm
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.162
title: Failure Literacy in Structural Engineering

description: The history of the development of practice in many engineering disciplines is, in large part, the story of failures, both imminent and actual, and of the changes to designs, standards and procedures made as the result of timely interventions or forensic analyses. All engineers, and more particularly structural engineers, should be failure literate. Failure literacy means knowing about the critical historical failure cases that have shaped the profession, not merely the surface technical details, but the environment, the communications difficulties and the procedural issues. In the U.S., an intensive effort has been under way for nearly a decade to promote failure literacy in engineering education and practice. A number of educational resources have been developed by the Education Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers Forensic Engineering Division (ASCE FED) to make it easier for engineering students and practicing engineers to learn from failures. Some landmark failures include the Tacoma Narrows bridge collapse, 1940, the Point Pleasant/ Silver Bridge collapse, 1967, the Ronan Point building collapse, 1968 (U.K.), the 2000 Commonwealth avenue building collapse, 1971, the Bailey
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.163
title: ANALYZING REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS BY USING THE UPF FEATURES OF ANSYS

description: In this paper, the implementation of an elastoplastic constitutive model with cracking is presented for analyzing reinforced concrete structures using The Finite Element Method (FEM). This implementation was made through the UPF (User Programmable Features), a customization tool available in ANSYS (version 14.5). By using the UPF features, a new constitutive model for concrete was created (in USERMAT3D), adding new subroutines in FORTRAN language to the main program. The main advantage of the implementation of this model is the possibility of using quadratic twenty-node three-dimensional elements (SOLID186) with the element-embedded rebar model (REINF264), making the solution considerably faster and more effective, when compared to typically available options. In order to validate the subroutines added to the system, the beams tested by Leonhardt and Walther (1962) were simulated, covering a wide variety of behaviors, including bending and shear failures. Analyses of the stresses in the concrete and in the reinforcement are made and load-displacement diagrams are presented. The comparisons that are done between numerical and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the results found.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.164
title: BEHAVIOR OF EXPANSIVE CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS UNDER AXIAL LOADINGS

description: Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) have been introduced to expedite construction and increase the confinement of concrete by the steel tube. While changing the confinement level through the use of expansive additives (EAs) will have an impact on the performance of CFSTs, limited information is available on the behavior of expansive concrete-filled steel tubular (ECFST) columns. The objective of this study is thus twofold: (i) to experimentally assess the behavior of axially loaded ECFSTs, and (ii) to investigate the correlation between the test results and those obtained from prediction approaches. The experimental program of this study consists of testing four 1500 mm CFST/ECFST columns with 153.6 mm outer diameter and 3 mm thickness. The ECFST specimens are divided into two subgroups with 0% and 12% EA dosage and two concrete mixtures, 16 and 37 MPa. The results indicate that the latter is the most promising mixture since it results in a significant enhancement of 64% in the axial load capacity of ECFST columns compare with CFSTs. The study also recommends employing specific confined concrete models with the existing code prediction approaches to arrive at the best correlation with test results.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.165
title: Deformation and ultimate strength of R/C arch under asymmetric load

description: In this paper, the structural behavior of R/C arch was investigated by use of the finite element method considering combined geometric and material nonlinearities. Also, the experimental analyses were conducted based on the numerical results. The deep and shallow arches were adopted as the model. The arches were pin supported at both ends and were subjected to asymmetric concentrate distributed loads in radial or vertical direction. The cross section of arch was rectangular and the reinforcements were placed on both tensile and compressive zone with same reinforcing ratio. Then, the deformation and the load bearing characteristics were investigated from the load-deflection behavior and the crack propagation patterns. In experimental analysis, the arch specimen was made by use of the steel mould to avoid the geometric initial imperfection. Two kinds of arches with different rise-span ratios were examined to compare these structural characteristics. From both numerical and experimental analyses, the load bearing behavior and the ultimate strength of R/C arches were obtained and the good agreement between numerical and experimental results was represented.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.166
title: IMPACT OF PREDICTING BRITTLE FAILURE MODES ON SELECTION OF LIMIT STATES OF VERTICALLY-IRREGULAR TALL BUILDINGS

description: The proper definition of structural failure of irregular structures is a critical element in building vulnerability assessment. Shear force demands may be the main cause of failure under earthquake loading. This increases the uncertainty related to the definition of the limit states of irregular buildings. The present study thus focuses on the assessment of brittle shear failure on the performance criteria of vertically irregular tall buildings. Five 50-story structures are designed using international standards to represent code-conforming tall buildings with main vertical irregularities. Detailed simulation models are used to assess the failure modes of the buildings under the effect of far-field and near-source earthquake records. Experimentally verified shear strength models are adopted to monitor the shear supply-demand response of the reference structures. Based on the comprehensive results obtained from incremental dynamic analyses, it is concluded that shear modeling is essential for the reliable assessment of vertically irregular buildings. The limit states of the reference buildings are significantly influenced by the characteristics of earthquake records and the irregularity type. Unlike the behavior of the buildings under the far-field earthquake scenario, which is controlled by flexure, the collapse prevention limit state is significantly influenced by the member shear response under the effect of near-field earthquakes. Accordingly, improved limit state criteria are proposed, which supports the reliable earthquake loss estimation of tall buildings with different vertical irregularities.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.167
title: Local corrosion environment around cross section of a plate girder bridge

description: Corrosion is one of important factor for securing the safety of steel bridges. In general cases, the corrosive environment of the steel bridge is evaluated as a site environment.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.168
title: USING THE ELEMENT-EMBEDDED REBAR MODEL IN ANSYS TO ANALYZE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

description: ANSYS is a software well acknowledged by professionals and academics, due to its large range of usage options, offering a number of finite element types, good possibilities of constitutive models and linear and nonlinear analysis of structures in general. For the concrete material, the software uses an elastoplastic model with the Willam-Warnke surface of rupture (1975). However, this model is only available for finite elements that do not offer the possibility of use of the element-embedded model for rebars, demanding a much larger amount of elements to discretize structures. This study is about the development of a computational model using the FEM via ANSYS platform for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams under plane stress states. The most significant advantage of this implementation is the possibility of using the element-embedded rebar model in ANSYS with its 2D quadratic element PLANE183 for discretization of the concrete together with element REINF263 for discretization of rebars and stirrups, making the solutions more efficient. For representation of the constitutive equations of the steel and the concrete, a proposed model was implemented with the help of the UPF customization tool of ANSYS, where new subroutines were attached to the main program. The numerical results are compared with experimental values for 4 reinforced concrete beams originally tested by Bresler and Scordelis (1963) to validate the proposed model, showing satisfactory results.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.169
title: VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF EARLY SHOWA PERIOD BILLBOARD ARCHITECTURE FOR RENOVATING DENSELY BUILT-UP WOODEN HOUSE AREAS

description: We report the progress of our research on buildings and their surroundings for disaster prevention in Chuo-3, Ota City, which is an area in Tokyo, Japan with Densely Built-up Wooden House Areas. In a previous paper, we reported the results of an exhaustive survey of 383 buildings and roads in the northwest area of Chuo-3. As a continuation, in this paper, we present findings from an exhaustive survey of 426 buildings and microtremor measurements on the ground in a more widespread area. As a result, we found evidence of early Showa period billboard architecture. We subsequently measured the dimensions of the billboard architecture and surveyed the materials of the walls, roofs, windows, etc. Furthermore, we constructed a standard billboard architectural model and conducted eigenvalue analysis to evaluate their respective vibrational properties, such as the natural frequency and vibrational mode. Lastly, sensitivity analyses were conducted on the floor rigidity or materials of the walls.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.170
title: Damage Modeling and Assessment for Brittle Materials

description: Damage Modeling and Assessment in Frictional MaterialsS. Yazdani1, A. Salehi2, A. Saboori3, B. Jahani4, and S. Boregersen51Heyer Engineering, Fargo, USA2Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, UIC, Chicago, USA3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC, Davis, USA4Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, NDSU, Fargo, USA5SEBCorp, Eagan, USAAbstractObserved nonlinearities in frictional and brittle solids such as concrete, rocks, ceramics, and some composites arise mainly due to the nucleation and propagation of microvoids and microcracks. Microcrack formation, propagation, and coalescence damage the material and renders it more compliant. Microdefects and cracks are also usually irreversible and cause strong anisotropy in the response to loads. This paper presents a damage mechanics model to capture material anisotropy and damage under multiaxial stress states for proportional and fatigue type loadings. The theory is cast within the generally accepted principles of thermodynamics with internal variables where the dissipation inequality is invoked to develop loading surfaces. Flow rules for the onset of inelastic deformations is provided and specific damage laws are proposed. The model extension to the cyclic and fatigue type loading is presented and numerical results are provided with comparison to the available experimental data.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.171
title: Serviceability of low creep fly ash geopolymer concrete beams

description: In reinforced concrete construction, deflection control is an important performance criterion for their serviceability. The aim of the research described in this paper is to assess the deformation of cracked reinforced geopolymer concrete beams under long term service loading. The geopolymer binder is Portland cement free, using 85% of low calcium fly ash, 15% of GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) and a sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide based activator. Firstly, geopolymer concrete drying shrinkage and creep were measured. Different curing conditions at elevated temperature were used. All experimental results are compared to predictions made using the Eurocode 2. Secondly, geopolymer concrete beams were subjected to short time bending tests leading to concrete cracking (pre-cracking tests). Beams were then stored under sustained loading for a period of 4 months. Both deflection and cracks were monitored versus time. Results show that, providing an appropriate heat curing regime, geopolymer concrete creep is much lower than that observed for OPC concrete and predicted by the Eurocode 2. As a result, the time-dependent deflection of geopolymer concrete beams measured after 4 months under sustained loading was always significantly lower than that of traditional OPC concrete beams. All results are showing that the crack widths of geopolymer concrete beams are significantly smaller than those expected for OPC concrete beams according to fib model code 2010 for both short and long terms tests. It is concluded that low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is a promising option for precast applications.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.172
title: Moment Amplification Factor of Beam-Columns with Initial Deflection

description: The maximum bending moment occurs in the midlength (second-order moment) in a simply supported beam-column subjected to compression and end moments, depending on the slenderness ratio and the level of the axial force. In AIJ Recommendation for Limit State Design of Steel Structures, the second-order moments are evaluated by multiplying an amplification factor by the first-order moments. The amplification factor of linear elastic beam-columns can be calculated, however, the initial deflection was not considered.In connection with the design method of steel beam-columns, objective of this study is to clarify the dimensionless factors which define the amplification factor and the effect of the dimensionless factors on the amplification factor is discussed.The analytical model is the simply supported linear elastic beam-column subjected to axial force and end moments. The amplification factor is obtained by solving the differential equation. It has found that parameters which affects the amplification factors were the initial deflection, the axial force ratio and the ratio of end moments. The analysis was carried out with these parameters. It has become clear from the analysis that: 1) the amplification factors increases as the amplitude of the initial deflection increases and 2) the maximum bending moment is not always equal to the end moment, which is the first-order bending moment, when the moment distribution is anti-symmetric bending and the initial deflection is considered.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.173
title: Effect of Strain-stress Relationship of Steel Tube on the Initial Stiffness of Square CFT Columns

description: The restoring force characteristic of a concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) column is shown in
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.174
title: ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FILLED SQUARE STEEL TUBULAR BEAM-COLUMNS

description: The objective of this study is to examine the ultimate strength of CFT columns. The range of axial load ratio and the slenderness ratio in which the full plastic moment is reached at a CFT beam-column are examined on the basis of the strength formulas specified by