cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.11g07vc
title: Data from: Sedentary songbirds maintain higher prevalence of haemosporidian parasite infections than migratory conspecifics during seasonal sympatry

description: Long-distance migrations influence the physiology, behavior, and fitness
 of migratory animals throughout their annual cycles, and fundamentally
 alter their interactions with parasites. Several hypotheses relating
 migratory behavior to the likelihood of parasitism have entered the
 literature, making conflicting, testable predictions. To assess how
 migratory behavior of hosts is associated with parasitism, we compared
 haemosporidian parasite infections between two closely related populations
 of a common North American sparrow, the dark-eyed junco, that co-occur in
 shared habitats during the non-breeding season. One population is
 sedentary and winters and breeds in the Appalachian Mountains. The other
 population is migratory and is found in seasonal sympatry with the
 sedentary population from October through April, but then flies (≥ 900 km)
 northwards to breed. The populations were sampled in the wild on the
 shared montane habitat at the beginning of winter and again after
 confining them in a captive common environment until the spring. We found
 significantly higher prevalence of haemosporidian parasite infections in
 the sedentary population. Among infected juncos, we found no difference in
 parasite densities (parasitemias) between the sedentary and migrant
 populations and no evidence for winter dormancy of the parasites. Our
 results suggest that long-distance migration may reduce the prevalence of
 parasite infections at the population level. Our results are inconsistent
 with the migratory exposure hypothesis, which posits that long-distance
 migration increases exposure of hosts to diverse parasites, and with the
 migratory susceptibility hypothesis, which posits that trade-offs between
 immune function and migration increase host susceptibility to parasites.
 However, our results are consistent with the migratory culling hypothesis,
 which posits that heavily infected animals are less likely to survive
 long-distance migration, and with the migratory escape hypothesis, which
 posits that long-distance migration allows host populations to seasonally
 escape areas of high infection risk.
description: Slowinski et al. PLOS
 One data DRYADHaemosporidian infection
 status of dark-eyed juncos sampled in Virginia, USA
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.465t5
title: Data from: Land-use history alters contemporary insect herbivore community composition and decouples plant-herbivore relationships

description: 1. Past land use can create altered soil conditions and plant communities
 that persist for decades, although the effects of these altered conditions
 on consumers are rarely investigated. 2. Using a large-scale field study
 at 36 sites in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands, we examined
 whether historic agricultural land use leads to differences in the
 abundance and community composition of insect herbivores (grasshoppers,
 families Acrididae and Tettigoniidae). 3. We measured the cover of six
 plant functional groups and several environmental variables to determine
 whether historic agricultural land use affects the relationships between
 plant cover or environmental conditions and grasshopper assemblages. 4.
 Land-use history had taxa-specific effects and interacted with herbaceous
 plant cover to alter grasshopper abundances, leading to significant
 changes in community composition. Abundance of most grasshopper taxa
 increased with herbaceous cover in woodlands with no history of
 agriculture, but there was no relationship in post-agricultural woodlands.
 We also found that grasshopper abundance was negatively correlated with
 leaf litter cover. Soil hardness was greater in post-agricultural sites
 (i.e. more compacted) and was associated with grasshopper community
 composition. Both herbaceous cover and leaf litter cover are influenced by
 fire frequency, suggesting a potential indirect role of fire on
 grasshopper assemblages. 5. Our results demonstrate that historic land use
 may create persistent differences in the composition of grasshopper
 assemblages, while contemporary disturbances (e.g. prescribed fire) may be
 important for determining the abundance of grasshoppers, largely through
 the effect of fire on plants and leaf litter. Therefore, our results
 suggest that changes in the contemporary management regimes (e.g.
 increasing prescribed fire) may not be sufficient to shift the structure
 of grasshopper communities in post-agricultural sites towards communities
 in non-agricultural habitats. Rather, repairing degraded soil conditions
 and restoring plant communities are likely necessary for restoring
 grasshopper assemblages in post-agricultural woodlands.
description: HahnOrrock_JAE_DataThe file contains data used in the manuscript. All data were collected by the authors in the field, except for fire records, which were obtained from the US-Forest Service. Please refer to the manuscript and metadata for additional details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.01jc1
title: Data from: Fewer new species colonize at low frequency N addition in a temperate grassland

description: 1. Biologically reactive nitrogen (Nr) enrichment threatens biodiversity
 in diverse ecosystems. Previous controlled N addition experiments may
 overestimate the effects of atmospheric Nr deposition on the rate of
 species loss, as it has been found that low frequency Nr additions, as
 used in traditional studies, lead to more rapid biodiversity loss. It
 remains unclear, however, whether the colonization of new species (gain)
 or extinction of old species (loss) is the cause of this difference. 2. By
 independently manipulating the frequency (twice vs. monthly additions
 yr–1) and the rate (from 0 to 50 g N m–2 yr–1) of NH4NO3 inputs for six
 years in a temperate grassland of northern China, we aimed to examine the
 contribution of gain and loss of species to the reduction in species
 richness under different regimes of Nr inputs. 3. Results showed that the
 gain of new species was higher at a high frequency of N addition than that
 at a low addition frequency, whilst loss of existing species was similar
 between the two frequencies of N addition. The number of new species
 gained decreased and old species lost increased with the increasing rate
 of Nr addition at both annual and five-year intervals. Cumulative gain of
 new species was negatively correlated with soil acidification, ammonium
 concentration and community biomass accumulation, whereas cumulative loss
 of old species was positively correlated with these variables. 4. Our
 results revealed lower new species colonization results in lower species
 richness at low frequency of Nr addition. Findings from this study
 highlight the important role of N addition frequency in regulating the
 effects of Nr addition on community dynamics. To assess the effects of
 atmospheric Nr deposition on ecosystem structure and functioning, it is
 necessary to assess not only the dose but also the frequency of N
 addition.
description: Raw data for Fewer new
 species colonize at low frequency N additionRaw data for "Fewer
 new species colonize at low frequency N addition in a temperate
 grassland"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.38n1m
title: Data from: Playing to an audience: the social environment influences aggression and victory displays

description: Animal behaviour studies have begun to incorporate the influence of the
 social environment, providing new opportunities for studying signal
 strategies and evolution. We examined how the presence and sex of an
 audience influenced aggression and victory display behaviour in
 field-captured and lab-reared field crickets (Gryllus veletis). Audience
 type, rearing environment, and their interaction were important predictors
 in all model sets. Thus audience type may impose different costs and
 benefits for competing males depending on whether they are socially
 experienced or not. Our results suggest that field-captured winners, in
 particular, dynamically adjust their contest behaviour to potentially gain
 a reproductive benefit via female eavesdropping and may deter future
 aggression from rivals by advertising their aggressiveness and victories.
description: Contest aggression and
 victory display scores for Gryllus veletis in audience
 experimentWe used both
 field-captured and laboratory-reared males paired in contests in the lab.
 We recorded contests on video and later scored them by watching them in
 slow motion on a computer screen. References to scoring methods can be
 found in the Methods section of the article.Fitzsimmons and Bertram -
 cricket audience effect data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0t9d3
title: Data from: Primary rainforest amount at the landscape scale mitigates bird biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization

description: 1.Tropical conservation strategies traditionally focus on large tracts of
 pristine forests, but given rapid primary forest decline, understanding
 the role of secondary forest remnants for biodiversity maintenance is
 critical. Until now, the interactive effects of changes in forest amount,
 configuration and disturbance history (secondary vs. primary forest) on
 the conservation value of tropical landscapes has remained unknown,
 hampering the incorporation of these global change drivers into local and
 global conservation planning. 2.We disentangled effects of landscape wide
 forest amount, fragment size, and forest age (old growth versus secondary
 forest) on abundance, α-diversity, β-diversity (biotic homogenisation) and
 community shifts of bird communities in human-dominated landscapes of
 southern Costa Rica. Utilizing two complementary methods, yielding 6900
 individual detections and 223 species, we characterized bird communities
 in 49 forest fragments representing independent gradients in fragment size
 (&lt;5 ha vs &gt;30 ha) and forest amount (5%-80%) in the
 surrounding landscape (within 1000 m). 3.Abundance and α-diversity of
 forest specialists and insectivores declined by half in small fragments,
 but only in landscapes with little old growth forest. Conversely,
 secondary forest at the landscape scale showed no such compensation
 effect. Similarly, a null-model approach indicated significant biotic
 homogenisation in small versus large fragments, but only in landscapes
 with little old growth forest, suggesting forest amount and configuration
 interactively affect β-diversity in tropical human-dominated landscapes.
 Finally, dramatic abundance-based community shifts relative to intact
 forests are largely a result of landscape-scale loss of old growth rather
 than changes in overall forest cover. 4.Policy implications. Our study
 provides strong evidence that retaining old growth within tropical human
 modified landscapes can simultaneously curb erosion of avian forest
 specialist α-diversity, mitigate collapse of β-diversity (biotic
 homogenisation) and dampen detrimental avian community shifts. However,
 secondary forests play, at best, a subordinate role to mitigate these
 processes. To maintain tropical forest biodiversity, retaining old growth
 forest within landscapes should be first priority, highlighting a
 land-sparing approach.
description: Bird Walkabout dataset
 Las Cruces 2011/12The folder contains two
 bird census datasets associated with Kormann et al. JAE 2018. Further
 details can be seen in the metadata files. Methods are described in the
 Supp. Inf. of the original article.Data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k5f6q
title: Data from: Female in-nest chatter song increases predation

description: Female song is an ancestral trait in songbirds, yet extant females
 generally sing less than males. Here, we examine sex differences in the
 predation cost of singing behaviour. The superb fairy-wren (Malurus
 cyaneus) is a Southern Hemisphere songbird; males and females provision
 the brood and produce solo song year-round. Both sexes had higher song
 rate during the fertile period and lower song rate during incubation and
 chick feeding. Females were more likely than males to sing close to or
 inside the nest. For this reason, female but not male song rate predicted
 egg and nestling predation. This study identifies a high fitness cost of
 song when a parent bird attends offspring inside a nest and explains
 gender differences in singing when there are gender differences in
 parental care.
description: Narural nests: superb
 fairy-wren chatter song rate and depredation outcomeSuperb fairy-wren
 chatter song rate and depredation outcome at natural nests. The data
 consist of chatter songs per hour per nesting phase (fertile phase,
 incubation, nestling) and depredation outcome (0=depredated, 1=survived)
 per phase for a total of 72 nests observed in South
 Australia.RSBL-2015-0513 wild
 nests_chatter song and predation
 DRYAD.xlsxArtificial nests: superb
 fairy-wren chatter song rate and predation outcomeSuperb fairy-wren
 chatter song rate at artificial nests and depredation outcome. There were
 three treatment groups for chatter song rate: none, low (6 songs per
 hour), high (20 songs per hour). The study was done in South
 Australia.RSBL-2015-0513 artificial
 nests_song and predation DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ks62j
title: Data from: Postnatal growth rates covary weakly with embryonic development rates and do not explain adult mortality probability among songbirds on four continents

description: Growth and development rates may result from genetic programming of
 intrinsic processes that yield correlated rates between life stages. These
 intrinsic rates are thought to affect adult mortality probability and
 longevity. However, if proximate extrinsic factors (e.g., temperature,
 food) influence development rates differently between stages and yield low
 covariance between stages, then development rates may not explain adult
 mortality probability. We examined these issues based on study of 90
 songbird species on four continents to capture the diverse life-history
 strategies observed across geographic space. The length of the embryonic
 period explained little variation (ca. 13%) in nestling periods and growth
 rates among species. This low covariance suggests that the relative
 importance of intrinsic and extrinsic influences on growth and development
 rates differs between stages. Consequently, nestling period durations and
 nestling growth rates were not related to annual adult mortality
 probability among diverse songbird species within or among sites. The
 absence of a clear effect of faster growth on adult mortality when
 examined in an evolutionary framework across species may indicate that
 species that evolve faster growth also evolve physiological mechanisms for
 ameliorating costs on adult mortality. Instead, adult mortality rates of
 species in the wild may be determined more strongly by extrinsic
 environmental causes.
description: Growth rates and
 mortality dataTrait data for songbird
 species from four continents based on data collected in the field at each
 site.ForDryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.240n5f6
title: Data from: Experience during development triggers between-individual variation in behavioural plasticity

description: 1. Behavioural consistency within and across behaviours (animal
 personality and behavioural syndrome, respectively) have been vigorously
 studied in the last decade, leading to the emergence of ’animal
 personality’ research. It has been proposed recently that not only mean
 behaviour (behavioural type), but the environmentally induced behavioural
 change (behavioural plasticity) might also differ between individuals
 within populations. 2. While case studies presenting between-individual
 variation in behavioural plasticity have started to accumulate, the
 mechanisms behind its emergence are virtually unknown. We have recently
 demonstrated that ecologically relevant environmental stimuli during
 ontogeny are necessary for the development of animal personality and
 behavioural syndromes. However, it is unknown whether between-individual
 variation in behavioural plasticity is hard-wired or induced. 3. Here, we
 tested whether experience with predation during development affected
 predator-induced behavioural plasticity in Rana dalmatina tadpoles. We ran
 a common garden experiment with two ontogenetic predation treatments:
 tadpoles developed from hatching in either the presence or absence of
 olfactory predator stimuli. Then, we assayed all tadpoles repeatedly for
 activity and risk-taking both in the absence and presence of olfactory
 predator stimuli. 4. We found that (i) between-individual variation in
 predator-induced behavioural plasticity was present only in the group that
 developed in the presence of olfactory stimuli from predators and (ii)
 previous experience with predatory stimuli resulted in lower plastic
 response at the group-level. The latter pattern resulted from increased
 between-individual variation and not from universally lower individual
 responses. We also found that experience with predation during development
 increased the predictability (i.e. decreased the within-individual
 variation unrelated to environmental change) of activity, but not
 risk-taking. In line with this, tadpoles developing under perceived
 predatory risk expressed their activity with higher repeatability. 5. We
 suggest that ecologically relevant environmental stimuli are not only
 fundamental for the development of animal personality and behavioural
 syndromes, but also for individual variation in behavioural plasticity.
 Thus, experience is of central importance for the emergence of individual
 behavioural variation at many levels.
description: urszanetal_JAE_dataThe full database.urszanetal_JAE_dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1351
title: Data from: Gene flow by larval dispersal in the Antarctic notothenioid fish Gobionotothen gibberifrons

description: The diversification of the teleost suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes)
 in Antarctic waters provides one of the most striking examples of a marine
 adaptive radiation. Along with a number of adaptations to the cold
 environment, such as the evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins,
 notothenioids diversified into eight families and at least 130 species.
 Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of the humped
 rockcod (Gobionotothen gibberifrons), a benthic notothenioid fish. Six
 populations were sampled at different locations around the Scotia Sea,
 comprising a large part of the species’ distribution range (N=165). Our
 analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data (352 bp) and eight
 microsatellite markers reveal a lack of genetic structuring over large
 geographic distances (ΦST≤0.058, F ST≤0.005, p-values nonsignificant). In
 order to test whether this was due to passive larval dispersal, we used
 GPS-tracked drifter trajectories, which approximate movement of passive
 surface particles with ocean currents. The drifter data indicate that the
 Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects the sampling locations in one
 direction only (West-East), and that passive transport is possible within
 the four-months larval period of G. gibberifrons. Indeed, when applying
 the isolation-with-migration model in IMA, strong unidirectional West-East
 migration rates are detected in the humped rockcod. This leads us to
 conclude that, in G. gibberifrons, genetic differentiation is prevented by
 gene flow via larval dispersal with the ACC.
description: Microsatellite data for
 Gobionotothen gibberifronsData for 9
 microsatellite loci for 165 Gobionotothen gibberifrons specimens from six
 sampling locations (Elephant Island, King George Island, Joinville Island
 a&b, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands). The file is in MSA format
 (MSA=Microsatellite Analyzer:
 http://i122server.vu-wien.ac.at/MSA/MSA_download.html). Raw microsatellite
 data was transformed using a beta version of the software tandem
 (http://evolution.unibas.ch/salzburger/software/tandem.htm).Gobgib_microsatellites.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8pt77k0
title: Data from: Cough frequency during treatment associated with baseline cavitary volume and proximity to the airway in pulmonary TB

description: Background: Cough frequency, and its duration, is a lab-free biomarker
 that can be used in low-resource settings and has been associated with
 transmission and treatment response. Radiological characteristics
 associated with increased cough frequency may be important in
 understanding transmission. The relationship between cough frequency and
 cavitary lung disease has never been studied. Methods: We analyzed 41
 human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults with culture-confirmed,
 drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis throughout treatment. Cough
 recordings were based on the Cayetano Cough Monitor and sputum samples
 were evaluated using microscopic-observation drug susceptibility broth
 culture, among culture-positive samples bacillary burden was assessed by
 time to positivity. Computerized tomography scans were analyzed by a U.S.
 board-certified radiologist and an automated-computer algorithm. The
 algorithm evaluates cavity volume and cavitary proximity to the airway.
 Computerized tomography scans were taken within one month of treatment
 initiation. We compared small cavities (≤7-mL) versus large cavities
 (&gt;7-mL) and cavities located closer to (≤10-mm) and farther
 (&gt;10-mm) from the airway to cough frequency and cough cessation
 until treatment day 62. Results: Cough frequency during treatment was
 two-fold higher in participants with large cavity volumes (Rate Ratio
 [RR]=1.98, p=0.01) and cavities located closer to the airway (RR=2.44,
 p=0.001). Comparably, cough ceased three times faster in smaller cavities
 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=2.89, p=0.06) and those farther from the
 airway (adjusted HR=3.61, p=0.02). Similar results are found for bacillary
 burden and culture conversion during treatment. Conclusions: Cough
 frequency during treatment is greater and lasts for longer in patients
 with larger cavities, especially those closer to the airway.
description: Baseline characteristics
 of participantsData for HIV-negative
 participants who have culture-proven drug-susceptible tuberculosis and a
 baseline CT scan.radiologicalfeatures.csvLongitudinal cough and sputum resultsDaily cough and sputum results for each participant during treatment.rad_longitudinal.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7pc6ms3
title: Data from: Genetic evidence of female kin clusters in a continuous population of a solitary carnivore, the Eurasian lynx

description: Large terrestrial carnivores can sometimes display strong family bonds
 affecting the spatial distribution of related individuals. We studied the
 spatial genetic relatedness and family structure of female Eurasian lynx,
 continuously distributed in southern Finland. We hypothesized that closely
 related females form matrilineal assemblages, clustering together with
 relatives living in the neighboring areas. We evaluated this hypothesis
 using tissue samples of 133 legally harvested female lynx (from year 2007
 to 2015), genotyped with 23 microsatellite markers, and tested for
 possible spatial genetic family structure using a combination of Bayesian
 clustering, spatial autocorrelation, and forensic genetic parentage
 analysis. The study population had three potential family genetic
 clusters, with a high degree of admixture and geographic overlap, and
 showed a weak but significant negative relationship between pairwise
 genetic and geographic distance. Moreover, parentage analysis indicated
 that 64% of the females had one or more close relatives (sister, mother,
 or daughter) within the study population. Individuals identified as close
 kin consistently assigned to the same putative family genetic cluster.
 They also were sampled closer geographically than females on average,
 although variation was large. Our results support the possibility that
 Eurasian lynx forms matrilineal assemblages, and comparisons with males
 are now required to further assess this hypothesis.
description: Holmala_lynx_kinclusters