cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279380
title: Documenting Outcomes of a Faculty Training Workshop on Problem-Based Learning

description: Abstract: A faculty training workshop on problem-based learning (PBL) methods was provided to educators at a public medical school in Brazil. Wprkshop activities were designed to address specific knowledge, skill and attitudinal objectives that had been defined beforehand. Participants completed a structured questionnaire before and after the workshop to document attainment of the objectives. Twelve participants completed the 20-hour workshop, and questionnaire results. Though there were certain limitations on interpretation of the pre/post questionnaire, it does provide some assurance to program organizers and sponsors that objectives are attained. Participants' responses also help organizers improve their delivery techniques.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279375.v1
title: Efficacy of Risk Factor Counseling as Perceived by Medical Students

description: Abstract: Counseling is a mode of educational communication that is bound to play an increasing role in the future delivery of preventive services. The purpose of this study was to examine medical students' perceptions of their self-efficacy in counseling and the relationship of the perceptions to a patient education learning experience and the stage of undergraduate training. Data were obtained through two inventories: first a questionnaire to measure students self-efficacy and attitudes about counseling and health risk reduction, and later a self-assessment of learning outcomes from the patient education experience. Students' perceptions of self-efficacy in counseling were moderate in strength and significantly related to self-assessment of the patient-educator role. Self-efficacy levels varied across the areas of counseling, such as smoking cessation, stress reduction, and nutritional guidance. No differences were found in the distribution of self-efficacy measures between categories of attitudinal approach to counseling identified by content analysis. In addition, there was a strong trend for increasing self-efficacy in the patient-educator role with progressive stages of undergraduate training. The results confirm the usefulness of measuring the development of self-efficacy and reinforce the idea of the importancc of specific educationa/ praclices in fostering improvement of medical students' counseli.ng performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279380.v1
title: Documenting Outcomes of a Faculty Training Workshop on Problem-Based Learning

description: Abstract: A faculty training workshop on problem-based learning (PBL) methods was provided to educators at a public medical school in Brazil. Wprkshop activities were designed to address specific knowledge, skill and attitudinal objectives that had been defined beforehand. Participants completed a structured questionnaire before and after the workshop to document attainment of the objectives. Twelve participants completed the 20-hour workshop, and questionnaire results. Though there were certain limitations on interpretation of the pre/post questionnaire, it does provide some assurance to program organizers and sponsors that objectives are attained. Participants' responses also help organizers improve their delivery techniques.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279382.v1
title: An Experience with Evaluation in the Teaching and Learning Process

description: Abstract: Evaluation (grading) is crucial for the teaching and learning process since it provides data on the process and allows one to review course objectives, methodology, and content. Considering evolutions as a permanent process of self-education, this study aimed to evaluate how students perceive its role in the difficulties encountered during the daily educacional process. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire that was filled out daily by students. The majority of the students classified the audiovisual resources, clarity of exposure of the course content, development of the class itself and comprehension of the content as excellent. They saw both themselves and the professor-facilitator as motivated in the teaching-learning process, based on objectivity and critical discussion. As for their overall analysis, the following categories merged; duration of the theoretical section, which they considered too short; professor-student relationship as a learning incentive; innovative teaching-learning strategies; adequate communication, and importance of daily grading. They felt that objectives and criteria for grading on theoretical content allowed students to evaluate their own progress thus making it possible to adjust the teaching to their needs and enabling professors to evaluate the effectiveness of their own performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279384
title: Attitudes of Graduating Medical Students toward Relevant Aspects of Medical Practice

description: Abstract: The attitudes of graduating medical students towards six relevant aspects of medical practice went measured for 4 consecutive years using a previously validated scale. Since the 4 classes of students were subject to two different curricula, the effect of a curricular reform on students attitudes was also assessed. Attitudes were measured with a 5-point Likert scale containing 52 items covering six different factors. Since there were no consistente differences between the 4 classes of graduating students the results were pooled so as to correspond to a sample of 317 subjects. Graduatings students showing predominantly positive attitudes toward 1) emotional issues involved in organic diseases; 2) primary care; and 3) other aspects of medical work in the community. On the other hand, results revealed undefined or conflicting attitudes towards: 4) mental diseases; 5) management of situations related to death; and 6) the physician's role in medical research. Predominantly positive attitudes toward 3 out of the 6 aspectos assessed indicate that the relevant educational objectives are being reached. Lack of any significant effect of the curricular reform on student attitudes suggested that the detected attitudinal trends may reflect values that are deeply rooted in medical school culture. However, lack of positive attitudes towards some of the aspects evaluated suggests the reed for specific educational interventions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279382
title: An Experience with Evaluation in the Teaching and Learning Process

description: Abstract: Evaluation (grading) is crucial for the teaching and learning process since it provides data on the process and allows one to review course objectives, methodology, and content. Considering evolutions as a permanent process of self-education, this study aimed to evaluate how students perceive its role in the difficulties encountered during the daily educacional process. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire that was filled out daily by students. The majority of the students classified the audiovisual resources, clarity of exposure of the course content, development of the class itself and comprehension of the content as excellent. They saw both themselves and the professor-facilitator as motivated in the teaching-learning process, based on objectivity and critical discussion. As for their overall analysis, the following categories merged; duration of the theoretical section, which they considered too short; professor-student relationship as a learning incentive; innovative teaching-learning strategies; adequate communication, and importance of daily grading. They felt that objectives and criteria for grading on theoretical content allowed students to evaluate their own progress thus making it possible to adjust the teaching to their needs and enabling professors to evaluate the effectiveness of their own performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279383
title: From Adolescence to Maturity: Prospective Study of medical Students from Rio de Janeiro State University

description: Abstract: A prospective study was carried out among medical students from Medical Sciences Faculty, Rio de Janeiro State University, as the aim to know the student expectations and charges all over the course. Information about social-demographic aspects, academic life and professional training was obtained from a questionnaire passed through students in the first term, in 1996, and again in the last term, in 2001. Most Of the students answered the questions, 95% of the freshmen and 74% of the interns. The results showed that most of them are white (90%), women (56%), not married, without kids, and 85,7% of them are dependent on their parents for Money. At about 90% of the interns used to studying mainly from textbooks. Their expectations in relations to the academic course was fulfilled for 85,7% of the freshmen and 56,5% of the last year students (p&lt;0,05). The lack of integration of basic-clinical sciences associated to few practical skills training were pointed out to 92% of the first year students and 93,7% of the sixth-year students in the last school year , at about 44% of them needed professional advice. The results demonstrated the need for implement changes in the medical syllabus as to become the course more pleasant for the students and more suitable to the new charges required by the Ministry of Education.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279384.v1
title: Attitudes of Graduating Medical Students toward Relevant Aspects of Medical Practice

description: Abstract: The attitudes of graduating medical students towards six relevant aspects of medical practice went measured for 4 consecutive years using a previously validated scale. Since the 4 classes of students were subject to two different curricula, the effect of a curricular reform on students attitudes was also assessed. Attitudes were measured with a 5-point Likert scale containing 52 items covering six different factors. Since there were no consistente differences between the 4 classes of graduating students the results were pooled so as to correspond to a sample of 317 subjects. Graduatings students showing predominantly positive attitudes toward 1) emotional issues involved in organic diseases; 2) primary care; and 3) other aspects of medical work in the community. On the other hand, results revealed undefined or conflicting attitudes towards: 4) mental diseases; 5) management of situations related to death; and 6) the physician's role in medical research. Predominantly positive attitudes toward 3 out of the 6 aspectos assessed indicate that the relevant educational objectives are being reached. Lack of any significant effect of the curricular reform on student attitudes suggested that the detected attitudinal trends may reflect values that are deeply rooted in medical school culture. However, lack of positive attitudes towards some of the aspects evaluated suggests the reed for specific educational interventions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279387
title: Curricular Reform at the University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine (1986-2002)

description: Abstract This article´s main focus is the reform in the teaching curriculum at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) School of medicine from 1986 to 2002. The author sought to identify highlights in the charge the Argentine state has undergone since the 1990s and perceived that the various proposals for curricular charge were associated with changes in the international scenario. The changes described in Argentina state and their effects on the Argentine National Law on higher Education (1995), the proposals of the Mercosur (Southern Cone Common Market) Project far Education; the internal dynamics of Argentine public universities themselves, inherited from the 1918 Reform (traversed by political disputes); and the pedagogical dimension itself, by which professionals in the field of education enjoy tremendous prestige and determine the paths to be followed in the curricular reform processes at the UBA School of medicine (Problem-Based Curriculum or Discipline-Based Curriculum ) are some of the areas discussed in the current study. These are the various pieces in the puzzle that has shaped the curricular reform process at the UBA School of Medicine for some two decades.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279383.v1
title: From Adolescence to Maturity: Prospective Study of medical Students from Rio de Janeiro State University

description: Abstract: A prospective study was carried out among medical students from Medical Sciences Faculty, Rio de Janeiro State University, as the aim to know the student expectations and charges all over the course. Information about social-demographic aspects, academic life and professional training was obtained from a questionnaire passed through students in the first term, in 1996, and again in the last term, in 2001. Most Of the students answered the questions, 95% of the freshmen and 74% of the interns. The results showed that most of them are white (90%), women (56%), not married, without kids, and 85,7% of them are dependent on their parents for Money. At about 90% of the interns used to studying mainly from textbooks. Their expectations in relations to the academic course was fulfilled for 85,7% of the freshmen and 56,5% of the last year students (p&lt;0,05). The lack of integration of basic-clinical sciences associated to few practical skills training were pointed out to 92% of the first year students and 93,7% of the sixth-year students in the last school year , at about 44% of them needed professional advice. The results demonstrated the need for implement changes in the medical syllabus as to become the course more pleasant for the students and more suitable to the new charges required by the Ministry of Education.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279387.v1
title: Curricular Reform at the University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine (1986-2002)

description: Abstract This article´s main focus is the reform in the teaching curriculum at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) School of medicine from 1986 to 2002. The author sought to identify highlights in the charge the Argentine state has undergone since the 1990s and perceived that the various proposals for curricular charge were associated with changes in the international scenario. The changes described in Argentina state and their effects on the Argentine National Law on higher Education (1995), the proposals of the Mercosur (Southern Cone Common Market) Project far Education; the internal dynamics of Argentine public universities themselves, inherited from the 1918 Reform (traversed by political disputes); and the pedagogical dimension itself, by which professionals in the field of education enjoy tremendous prestige and determine the paths to be followed in the curricular reform processes at the UBA School of medicine (Problem-Based Curriculum or Discipline-Based Curriculum ) are some of the areas discussed in the current study. These are the various pieces in the puzzle that has shaped the curricular reform process at the UBA School of Medicine for some two decades.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279388
title: Which Health Professionals and How Many Are Needed to reorient the Health Care Model?

description: Abstract: During the 20th century there have been three overlapping generations of health systems reforms. The greater the orientation towards primary care, the better the outcomes of care in relation to costs. Needs assessment is mainly the role of primary care, and that is where the structure of the health care system can frustrate or facilitate exploitation of the specialized fields, the functions of each level of clinical care and of public health are presented hare, along with the respective administrative levels. Human resources management in a health system, including primary care, requires some 50% of Family practitioners. The others specialties - more than 60 - normally involve relatively smaller proportions of general specialists, and public health personnel. This means not only a change of paradigm (rather than merely adding one more specialist to others), but also charges in medical training meanwhile giving rise to countless conflicts that can only be resolved through broad agreements by all protagonists , including the lay public.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279378
title: Death and Medical Education

description: Abstract With the changes that have occurred in Medicine, particularly in recent decades, death has been transferred form the family to the hospital environment. Doctors now find they need to deal with death and the dying. Only recently have medical schools become concerned with the subject. In Brazil, isolated endeavors have resulted from the personal concerns of psychologists, nurses and doctors. The responses obtained in the present report underline the need to include this subject in the Medicine curriculum. The subject of terminal illness is not a concern during undergraduate years and students thus often resort to denial and omnipotence to avoid suffering as far as possible. There should be a concern to educate, and not just instruct, both teachers who confess to being unprepared to discuss the subject, and students.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279378.v1
title: Death and Medical Education

description: Abstract With the changes that have occurred in Medicine, particularly in recent decades, death has been transferred form the family to the hospital environment. Doctors now find they need to deal with death and the dying. Only recently have medical schools become concerned with the subject. In Brazil, isolated endeavors have resulted from the personal concerns of psychologists, nurses and doctors. The responses obtained in the present report underline the need to include this subject in the Medicine curriculum. The subject of terminal illness is not a concern during undergraduate years and students thus often resort to denial and omnipotence to avoid suffering as far as possible. There should be a concern to educate, and not just instruct, both teachers who confess to being unprepared to discuss the subject, and students.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279388.v1
title: Which Health Professionals and How Many Are Needed to reorient the Health Care Model?

description: Abstract: During the 20th century there have been three overlapping generations of health systems reforms. The greater the orientation towards primary care, the better the outcomes of care in relation to costs. Needs assessment is mainly the role of primary care, and that is where the structure of the health care system can frustrate or facilitate exploitation of the specialized fields, the functions of each level of clinical care and of public health are presented hare, along with the respective administrative levels. Human resources management in a health system, including primary care, requires some 50% of Family practitioners. The others specialties - more than 60 - normally involve relatively smaller proportions of general specialists, and public health personnel. This means not only a change of paradigm (rather than merely adding one more specialist to others), but also charges in medical training meanwhile giving rise to countless conflicts that can only be resolved through broad agreements by all protagonists , including the lay public.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279390
title: Performance by Medical Students in Testing Specific Knowledge

description: Abstract: Background: Medical students’ performance presentes little variation from one student to another. However, some students demonstrate greater achievement, probaly due to personal characteristics. Objective: Toverify wether personal characteristics play na importante role in the intelectual performance of medical students. Method: The study was conducted with 825 students fom the sixth year of Medical School at the Federal University in Minas Gerais. The students were characterized according to their age, gender, cerebral laterality, visual acuty, and sports activity. Their performance on a multiple-choice test in surgery was assessed according to the time spent completing the test and the grade; and was then correlated to individual characteristic. Results: Students under 24 years of ag and males received hogher grades on the test. Right-handed students tended to finish the test in less time than left-handers. Students requiring corrective lenses also got higher grades. Practicing sports did not influence intellectual performance. Conclusion: Medical students tend to presente diferente intelectual performance according to their individual characteristics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279390.v1
title: Performance by Medical Students in Testing Specific Knowledge

description: Abstract: Background: Medical students’ performance presentes little variation from one student to another. However, some students demonstrate greater achievement, probaly due to personal characteristics. Objective: Toverify wether personal characteristics play na importante role in the intelectual performance of medical students. Method: The study was conducted with 825 students fom the sixth year of Medical School at the Federal University in Minas Gerais. The students were characterized according to their age, gender, cerebral laterality, visual acuty, and sports activity. Their performance on a multiple-choice test in surgery was assessed according to the time spent completing the test and the grade; and was then correlated to individual characteristic. Results: Students under 24 years of ag and males received hogher grades on the test. Right-handed students tended to finish the test in less time than left-handers. Students requiring corrective lenses also got higher grades. Practicing sports did not influence intellectual performance. Conclusion: Medical students tend to presente diferente intelectual performance according to their individual characteristics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268484
title: Medical Students Interest in Scientific Research

description: Abstract: Most Brazilian medical schools show limited scientific production. We performed the current study in order to assess this issue in our school. The research assessed 60 medical students at the Minas Gerais School of Medical Sciences. All subjects answered a questionnaire about interest in research, importance of research for medical education, and prior experience (if any) in scientific work or groups. Some 90% of the students stated interest in research, 97,3% said that scientific research is important in medical education, and 95% expressed a desire to be involved in scientific work (p &lt; 0,05). However, only 7% of them had presented papers in medical events or published in the scientific literature. Students justified their position by complaining of the limited number of professors able to orient them in research, a lack of institutional stimulus; and poor research infrastructure. Based on these data, we conclude that medical students would like to develop scientific research and recognize its importance for Medical training; however, they are unable to achieve their research goals due to Jack of institutional support.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279393.v1
title: Undergraduate Education and Medical Practice: Expectations and Concepts in a Group of First to Sixth-Year Brzilian Medical Students

description: Abstract: This study focused on medical students' concepts and expectations concerning undergraduate training and future professional practice. Qualitative analysis was the method chosen to allow visualization of these concepts and expectations. Forty first to sixth-year medical students were interviewed, distributed equally among three groups: 1st-2nd year; 3rd-4th year, and 5th-6th year. The results revealed students' representations, signaling a process of personal maturity and progressive contact with the reality of the profession, mainly in relation to intemships.