cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.963736.1
title: Carbonate chemistry data for shipboard ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) experiments in the North Atlantic on R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise AE2320 in September 2023

description: To explore mineral formation due to alkalinity addition, we present results from shipboard experiments in which an aqueous solution of NaOH was added to unfiltered seawater collected from the surface ocean in the Sargasso Sea. Alkalinity addition ranged from 500 to 2000 micromoles per kilogram (µmol.kg-1) and the carbonate chemistry was monitored through time by measuring total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which were used to calculate Ω. The amount of precipitate and its minerology were determined throughout the experiments. Mineral precipitation took place in all experiments over a timescale of hours to days. The dominant mineralogy of precipitate is aragonite with trace amounts of calcite and brucite. Aragonite crystallite size increases and its micro-strain decreases with time, consistent with Ostwald ripening. This dataset contains carbonate chemistry data that include TA and DIC measurements, precipitation rates from the shipboard experiments, and precipitation rates calculated in the same way (by changes in alkalinity through time) for the study of Moras et al. (2022) and precipitation rate data from Mucci et al. (1989).
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.963692.1
title: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for precipitate from shipboard ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) experiments in the North Atlantic on R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise AE2320 in September 2023

description: To explore mineral formation due to alkalinity addition, we present results from shipboard experiments in which an aqueous solution of NaOH was added to unfiltered seawater collected from the surface ocean in the Sargasso Sea. Alkalinity addition ranged from 500 to 2000 micromoles per kilogram (µmol.kg-1) and the carbonate chemistry was monitored through time by measuring total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which were used to calculate Ω. The amount of precipitate and its mineralogy were determined throughout the experiments. Mineral precipitation took place in all experiments over a timescale of hours to days. The dominant mineralogy of precipitate is aragonite with trace amounts of calcite and brucite. Aragonite crystallite size increases and its micro-strain decreases with time, consistent with Ostwald ripening. This dataset contains TGA analysis for precipitate from an experiment where TA was enhanced by 2000 µmol.kg-1.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964861.1
title: Modeled locations of drifters representing transport of early life stages of Antarctic krill from 2016 to 2019

description: This study employed a regional ocean model of the Southern Ocean to study the pathways of Antarctic krill during early life stages.  Simulated Lagrangian drifters were embedded within a 5-km horizontal resolution ocean/sea ice/ice shelf Regional Ocean Modeling System circulation model of the Southern Ocean for the period 2016-2019.  The drifters include simplistic behavior of the early life stages of krill including the initial descent/ascent cycle, diel vertical migration (DVM), and advection with simulated sea ice velocity, instead of ocean velocity, under certain conditions.  Four simulations were run varying different aspects (conditions under which krill were advected with sea ice velocities instead of ocean, details of DVM, details of initial descent/ascent cycle) of the simulated behavior in order to determine the impact on pathways and connectivity.   Drifters were released over three separate summer seasons (2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19) resulting in twelve separate simulation data sets (presented as individual netCDF files within this BCO-DMO dataset).
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.943291.1
title: Photodegradation of macroplastics in the marine environment: Pyrolysis-GC/MS grouped compound information

description: The photodegradation of macroplastics in the marine environment remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the weathering of commercially available plastics (tabs 1.3 × 4.4 × 0.16 cm), including high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polycarbonate, in seawater under laboratory-simulated ultraviolet A radiation for 3–9 months, equivalent to 25–75 years of natural sunlight exposure without considering other confounding factors. After the exposure, the physical integrity and thermal stability of the tabs remained relatively intact, suggesting that the bulk polymer chains were not severely altered despite strong irradiation, likely due to their low specific surface area. In contrast, the surface layer (∼1 μm) of the tabs was highly oxidized and eroded after 9 months of accelerated weathering. Several antioxidant additives were identified in the plastics through low temperature pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) analysis. The Pyr-GC/MS results also revealed many new oxygen-containing compounds formed during photodegradation, and these compounds indicated the dominance of chain scission reactions during weathering. These findings highlight the strong resistance of industrial macroplastics to weathering, emphasizing the need for a broader range of plastics with varying properties and sizes to accurately estimate plastic degradation in the marine environment.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.963717.1
title: X-ray diffraction (XRD) raw data and Rietveld refinement results for precipitates from shipboard ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) experiments in the North Atlantic on R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise AE2320 in September 2023

description: To explore mineral formation due to alkalinity addition, we present results from shipboard experiments in which an aqueous solution of NaOH was added to unfiltered seawater collected from the surface ocean in the Sargasso Sea. Alkalinity addition ranged from 500 to 2000 micromoles per kilogram (µmol/kg) and the carbonate chemistry was monitored through time by measuring total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which were used to calculate Ω. The amount of precipitate and its minerology were determined throughout the experiments. Mineral precipitation took place in all experiments over a timescale of hours to days. The dominant mineralogy of precipitate is aragonite with trace amounts of calcite and brucite. Aragonite crystallite size increases and its micro-strain decreases with time, consistent with Ostwald ripening. This dataset contains raw XRD data as well as XRD results (mineral abundances, crystallite size, strain, and unit cell parameters) determined via Rietveld refinement. The seawater for the experiments was collected near the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (31.6667 N, 64.1667 W), which is also the same location where the experiments were conducted and filtered to obtain the precipitates, which were analyzed with XRD.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.966488.1
title: Accession numbers for 16S rRNA genes from microbial communities from four stony coral species collected across sites in Bahia Almirante, Panama in summer of 2021

description: This dataset includes accession numbers and related information for 16S rRNA genes from microbial communities from four stony coral species in Bahia Almirante, Panama. Coral microbiomes were sampled by SCUBA divers in summer 2021 from 5 sites at both shallow (3 meters) and deep (10 to 13 meters) depths. These sites span a roughly east-west range representing a gradient of conditions within the bay where western sites are further from the mouth of the bay and eastern sites are closer to the mouth of the bay. Coral species include Agaricia tenuifolia, Montastraea cavernosa, Siderastrea siderea, and Stephenocoenia intersepta. Sequence data is available in NCBI Genbank under BioProject accession PRJNA939210.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.894099.6
title: Determination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in sinking particles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site from December 1988 to December 2024 using a Particle Interceptor Trap System (PITS)

description: Data presented here contain elemental sinking fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, P) from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site from December 1988 (BATS Cruise 3) through December 2024 (BATS cruise 422). The BATS program uses a method developed by Knauer et al. (1979) which was used extensively in the VERTEX program. In summary, to trap oceanic sediment flux, BATS uses a floating array comprised of polycarbonate tubes (7 cm diameter by 53 cm height) containing a buffered brine solution, with polycarbonate filters at the bottom to collect flux. Four tubes are deployed at each depth (150, 200, and 300 meters) and three additional tubes for blank counts are prepared but not deployed. The floating sediment trap array with collection tubes is deployed during monthly BATS cruises for a target time of 72 hours, but deployment time is subject to change depending on weather and/or emergency conditions. After recovery, the filters are examined under a microscope to remove swimming zooplankton caught on the traps to prevent skewed end results. Three samples from each depth are acidified to remove inorganic carbon before measuring organic carbon and nitrogen using a CE440 Elemental Analyzer, while the remaining non-acidified sample is used for total carbon estimates. Additional tubes are also prepared and deployed (three per depth) for phosphorus samples that are analyzed at Bigelow Laboratory of Ocean Sciences using a separate analytical procedure supervised by Dr. Michael Lomas.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.965079.1
title: Juvenile Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) winter survival and lipid accumulation from a laboratory mesocosm experiment (Oct 2022 to May 2023) with individuals collected from Long Island Sound

description: The northern stock of Black sea bass (BSB, Centropristis striata) has greatly expanded over the past decade, potentially due to warming Northwest Atlantic shelf waters affecting overwintering especially in juveniles. To gather better empirical data we quantified winter growth and lipid accumulation in BSB juveniles under a current ambient (2022/2023) seasonal temperature profile for eastern Long Island Sound, USA. Over the course of this study, winter mortality was low (&lt; 16%) and average specific growth rate (SGR) followed seasonal trends (Fall → Winter → Spring) decreasing from 0.15 millimeters per day (mm d-1) (0.97 % wW d-1) to 0.01 mm d-1 (-0.03 % wW d-1), before rising to 0.03 mm d-1 (0.11 %wW d-1).
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.965718.1
title: Benthic oxygen fluxes and associated environmental data collected in the Florida Keys from 2016 to 2018

description: A new triple-sensor aquatic eddy covariance instrument was deployed at ~10 meters water depth in the Florida Keys, USA to quantify seasonal oxygen fluxes over a coral sand platform. The non-invasive measurements revealed the influences of light and bottom currents on magnitude and dynamics of the benthic metabolism.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962821.1
title: Sediment trap metal fluxes from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023

description: We analyzed the metal fluxes out of the upper 150 m of the water column using surface-tethered sediment traps deployed on Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises between December 2020 and November 2023. All deployments were initiated at Station ALOHA. Sinking particulate metals were collected in Particle Interceptor Traps (PITs) with ~100 ppt trace-metal clean brine derived from seawater over a period of approximately 2.5 days. Following recovery, triplicate PIT traps were filtered onto 0.2 micron polyethersulfone (PES) filters. Filters were subject to a 2-stage digestion: 1) a &quot;Berger&quot; leach consisting of hydroxylamine and acetic acid, to dissolve labile trace metals, and 2) a digestion with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to dissolve recalcitrant metals. Dissolved metals for each leach were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the University of Hawaii at Manoa using a Thermo Scientific iCAP-TQ mass spectrometer. This dataset is part of a larger study focused on the cycling of trace metals in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, and is embedded within the HOT program.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962986.1
title: Water column dissolved and total dissolvable metal concentrations from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023

description: We collected and analyzed water samples for dissolved and total dissolvable trace metal concentration on Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises between December 2020 and November 2023. All samples were collected at Station ALOHA. Samples were collected using a trace metal rosette. Approx. 12 depth samples were collected for each cruise within the upper 350 m of the water column. 
 
Dissolved metal measurements reflect samples filtered through a 0.2 micron filter. Total dissolvable metal measurements represent unfiltered samples. Both sample types were acidified for &gt; 2 months after collection and metals were extracted via chelating resin (Nobias PA-1) and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the University of Hawaii at Manoa using a Thermo Scientific iCAP-TQ mass spectrometer. 
 
This dataset is part of a larger study focused on the cycling of trace metals in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, and is embedded within the HOT program.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.893182.6
title: Primary productivity estimates from the incubation of seawater collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site from December 1988 through December 2024

description: Data presented are primary production estimates at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the Sargasso Sea from December 1988 (BATS Cruise 10003) through December 2024 (BATS cruise 10422). The rate of carbon fixation by autotrophs in seawater was determined by tracing the uptake of radioactive 14C from the inorganic form to the particulate organic form. Incubations were performed in situ at depths ranging from the surface to 140 meters from dusk to dawn. Seawater samples were collected prior to sunrise, separated into three light bottles and one dark bottle, and a radioactive 14C tracer added. The bottles were then deployed on an incubation array at their collection depths, and allowed to drift on the array for the full light day. Samples were recovered after sunset and filtered for subsequent analysis on a liquid scintillation counter.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.922468.1
title: Ocean aluminum cycle model output containing model-predicted aluminum distribution and 60 different estimates of dust deposition

description: Here present model output from a data-assimilating model of the ocean aluminum (Al) cycle. The model simulates inputs of Al from atmospheric dust, and internal cycling due to reversible scavenging and biological cycling, and assimilates data from the GEOTRACES archive. Full code and inputs for the model can be accessed at  Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10139317). This file contains the aluminum model-predicted aluminum distribution from the fully-optimized model, as well as 60 different estimates of dust deposition from a range of model configurations to quantify uncertainty in this process. A code is provided to synthesize and plot these results in a figure summarizing the oceanic aluminum budget as in Xu and Weber 2021.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962966.1
title: Water column particulate metals from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT)  R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023

description: We collected water column particulate metal samples onboard Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises between December 2020 and November 2023. All samples were collected at Station ALOHA. Samples were collected using a trace metal rosette and filtered onto 0.2 micron polyethersulfone (PES) filters (approx. 4L per sample). Approx. 11 depth samples were collected for each cruise within the upper 300 m of the water column.

Filters were subject to a 2-stage digestion: 1) a &quot;Berger&quot; leach consisting of hydoxylamine and acetic acid, to dissolve labile trace metals, and 2) a digestion with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to dissolve recalcitrant metals. Dissolved metals for each leach were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the University of Hawaii at Manoa using a Thermo Scientific iCAP-TQ mass spectrometer. 

This dataset is part of a larger study focused on the cycling of trace metals in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, and is embedded within the HOT program.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.893521.8
title: HPLC and fluorometric derived phytoplankton pigment concentrations from seawater collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site from October 1988 through December 2024

description: Data presented here contain HPLC derived phytoplankton pigments and fluorometric chlorophyll-a from the BATS site for October 1988 to December 2024. Samples are typically collected from 12 depths in the upper 250 meters of the water column where by 4l of seawater is filtered under low vacuum through a 25mm GF/F filter. The filter is then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C. Shoreside, analysis is performed on a HPLC using a modified version of Wright et al., 1991 (modified by Dr R. Bidigare,University of Hawaii) which identifies the following pigments: Chlorophyll C3, Chlorophyll C2, Peridinin, 19’Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, Fucoxanthin, 19’Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, Prasinoxanthin, Violoxanthin, Diadinoxanthin, Alloxanthin, Diatoxanthin, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Chlorophyll b, Chlorophyll a, Divinyl, chlorophyll_a, Alpha and beta carotene. Additionally, chlorophyll_A and phaeopigments are analyzed using a fluorometeric assay.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964246.1
title: 1-minute averaged meteorological data from R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR2201 in the Indian Ocean during January to March 2022

description: This dataset describes the 1-minute averaged meteorological data from the R/V Roger Revelle's Indian Ocean cruise RR2201 in February 2022. The data were taken within the Indonesian Throughflow, the Argo-Rowley Terrace Marine Park on a return trip from Darwin, Australia.

This project is a US contribution to the 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2) that advances understanding of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics in the poorly studied eastern Indian Ocean (IO). This is the first detailed study of nitrogen and carbon cycling in the region linking Pacific and IO waters. The end-to-end study approach highlights connections among physical environmental variability, biogeochemistry, and plankton food webs leading to charismatic and economically valuable fish production.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964162.1
title: Performance of coral and sea anemone early life stages under normoxic and hypoxic conditions from lab and field experiments performed in Pennsylvania (USA) and Bermuda in 2023-2024

description: This dataset arose from a project in which we investigated how hypoxia influences coral and sea anemone early life stages by comparing hypoxia responses across larvae and juveniles of three cnidarian species representing a range of life histories: the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis, a broadcast spawner with horizontal transmission of endosymbiotic algae (family Symbiodiniaceae); the reef-building coral Porites astreoides, a brooder with vertical endosymbiont transmission; and the estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a non-symbiotic broadcast spawner. Specifically, larvae were exposed to normoxic (i.e., controls) or hypoxic (dissolved oxygen &lt; 2 mg L−1 for 6 h) conditions before being cultured (under normoxia) through the juvenile stage. Data pertaining to organismal performance—including size, ash-free dry weight, protein content, chlorophyll content, symbiont density, photosynthesis and respiration rates, photochemical yield, heat tolerance (survival and Fv/Fm), settlement rate, and swimming behavior—were collected at several time points alongside environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentration.

This work was supported by the NIH (HD083185), which provided stipend support during the completion of the related PhD research, and by the American Fisheries Society (Steven Berkeley Marine Conservation Fellowship), which supplemented primary NSF funding (OCE-2237658) to help cover research expenses.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964182.1
title: Microbiome profiling of bacterioplankton communities on sponge excurrent water, coral exudate water, and surface reef water.

description: Sponge exhalent water was collected from Looe Key reef, coral exudates water was collected from a coral incubation at Mote Marine lab, and ambient reef water was collected from Looe Key Reef surface water. All seawater was 0.2 um filtered to use as media in 2L bottles for an incubation experiment. Inoculum from reef surface water (1.6 um filtered) was used for the incubation. Bottles were incubated in the dark for 48 hours and samples were taken at the start (T0) and end (T48) for nutrient and microbiome analysis.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.965379.1
title: Under the ice bacterial cultures and genome sequences from the R/V Kronprins Haakon in the Arctic Ocean from May 18 to 21, 2023

description: Bacteria were cultured and sequenced from the Arctic Ocean under 2-meter-thick sea ice to identify patterns of gene, loss, and rearrangement. Cultures were obtained by high-throughput dilution to extinction cultivation using cryopreserved samples. Bacteria selected for genome sequencing were grown in 1 liter of Puget Sound seawater media and sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) R10.4.1 Flongle flow cells with the SQK-RAD114 rapid library prep kit (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, United Kingdom). Time-series data indicate that this collection represents up to 60% of the marine bacterial community in the Arctic. Their complete genomes provide insights into the evolutionary processes that underlie diversity and adaptation to the Arctic Ocean.
DOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.946726.1
title: Photodegradation of macroplastics in the marine environment: Thermalgravimetric analysis

description: The photodegradation of macroplastics in the marine environment remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the weathering of commercially available plastics (tabs 1.3 × 4.4 × 0.16 cm), including high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polycarbonate, in seawater under laboratory-simulated ultraviolet A radiation for 3–9 months, equivalent to 25–75 years of natural sunlight exposure without considering other confounding factors. After the exposure, the physical integrity and thermal stability of the tabs remained relatively intact, suggesting that the bulk polymer chains were not severely altered despite strong irradiation, likely due to their low specific surface area. In contrast, the surface layer (∼1 μm) of the tabs was highly oxidized and eroded after 9 months of accelerated weathering. Several antioxidant additives were identified in the plastics through low temperature pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) analysis. The Pyr-GC/MS results also revealed many new oxygen-containing compounds formed during photodegradation, and these compounds indicated the dominance of chain scission reactions during weathering. These findings highlight the strong resistance of industrial macroplastics to weathering, emphasizing the need for a broader range of plastics with varying properties and sizes to accurately estimate plastic degradation in the marine environment.