cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756564.v1
title: The effect of microablative fractional CO<sub>2</sub> laser on vaginal flora of postmenopausal women

description: <b>Objectives:</b> To assess the effect of microablative fractional CO<sub>2</sub> laser (MFCO<sub>2</sub>-Laser) therapy on the vaginal microenvironment of postmenopausal women. <b>Methods:</b> Three laser therapies at monthly intervals were applied in postmenopausal women with moderate to severe symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, pH of vaginal fluid &gt;4.5 and superficial epithelial cells on vaginal smear &lt;5%. Vaginal fluid pH values, fresh wet mount microscopy, Gram stain and aerobic and anaerobic cultures were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after each subsequent therapy. Nugent score and Hay-Ison criteria were used to evaluate vaginal flora. <b>Results:</b> Fifty-three women (mean age 57.2 ± 5.4 years) participated and completed this study. MFCO<sub>2</sub>-Laser therapy increased <i>Lactobacillus</i> (<i>p</i> p p Lactobacillus changed from 30% initially to 79% after the last treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis or candidiasis did not appear in any participant. <b>Conclusion:</b> MFCO<sub>2</sub>-Laser therapy is a promising treatment for improving the vaginal health of postmenopausal women by helping repopulate the vagina with normally existing <i>Lactobacillus species</i> and reconstituting the normal flora to premenopausal status.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756438
title: Reverse Illumina Sequences of Post Larvae

description: Illumina Raw Sequences for <i>Macrobrachium koombooloomba</i><br>
DOI: 10.4225/03/57be931260015
title: Characterising fold geometries from structural data: application to implicit modelling

description: Folds present a challenge for implicit interpolation because the information associated with the geometry of the structure is not explicit in the orientation of the folded foliation. Traditional implicit approaches involve interpolating between observations from orientation measurements and stratigraphic contacts. To constrain the geometry of folds, the user is generally required to draw fold profiles on cross sections or level maps using bedding structural elements. A new method allows for more structural elements (e.g. foliations, intersection lineations) and overprinting relationships to be incorporated into the modelling process. Each generation of folding is successively modelled, starting with the most recent folding event. At each stage, several scalar and vector fields are interpolated to represent the axial surfaces, the fold axis and vergence of each fold. The geometry of each fold generations are defined by structural parameters. These parameters need to be derived from available data and specified to the interpolator. We present an adaptation of geostatistical tools to structural geology for quantifying fold geometry.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756381
title: A stochastic model of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Canada

description: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) appeared in the United Kingdom in the mid 1980s, and has been attributed to the use of meat and bone meal (MBM) in cattle feed contaminated with a scrapie-like agent. Import of infectious materials from a country where BSE has occurred is believed to be the major factor underlying the spread of the BSE epidemic to other countries. This study presents a new stochastic model developed to estimate risk of BSE from importation of cattle infected with the BSE agent. The model describes the propagation of the BSE agent through the Canadian cattle herd through rendering and feeding processes, following importation of cattle with infectious prions. This model was used estimate the annual number of newly infected animals each year over the period 1980–2019. Model predictions suggested that the number of BSE infections in Canada might have been approximately 40-fold greater than the actual number of clinically diagnosed cases. Under complete compliance with the 2007 ban on feeding MBM, this model further predicts that BSE is disappearing from the Canadian cattle system. A series of sensitivity analyses was also conducted to test the robustness of model predictions to alternative assumptions about factors affecting the evolution of the Canadian BSE epidemic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756381.v1
title: A stochastic model of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Canada

description: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) appeared in the United Kingdom in the mid 1980s, and has been attributed to the use of meat and bone meal (MBM) in cattle feed contaminated with a scrapie-like agent. Import of infectious materials from a country where BSE has occurred is believed to be the major factor underlying the spread of the BSE epidemic to other countries. This study presents a new stochastic model developed to estimate risk of BSE from importation of cattle infected with the BSE agent. The model describes the propagation of the BSE agent through the Canadian cattle herd through rendering and feeding processes, following importation of cattle with infectious prions. This model was used estimate the annual number of newly infected animals each year over the period 1980–2019. Model predictions suggested that the number of BSE infections in Canada might have been approximately 40-fold greater than the actual number of clinically diagnosed cases. Under complete compliance with the 2007 ban on feeding MBM, this model further predicts that BSE is disappearing from the Canadian cattle system. A series of sensitivity analyses was also conducted to test the robustness of model predictions to alternative assumptions about factors affecting the evolution of the Canadian BSE epidemic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756357
title: Nanoparticles in the lung and their protein corona: the few proteins that count

description: The formation of protein coronae on nanoparticles (NPs) has been investigated almost exclusively in serum, despite the prevailing route of exposure being inhalation of airborne particles. In addition, an increasing number of nanomedicines, that exploit the airways as the site of delivery, are undergoing medical trials. An understanding of the effects of NPs on the airways is therefore required. To further this field, we have described the corona formed on polystyrene (PS) particles with different surface modifications and on titanium dioxide particles when incubated in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We show, using high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry (MS<sup>E</sup>), that a large number of proteins bind with low copy numbers but that a few “core” proteins bind to all particles tested with high fidelity, averaging the surface properties of the different particles independent of the surface properties of the specific particle. The averaging effect at the particle surface means that differing cellular effects may not be due to the protein corona but due to the surface properties of the nanoparticle once inside the cell. Finally, the adherence of surfactant associated proteins (SP-A, B and D) suggests that there may be interactions with lipids and pulmonary surfactant (PSf), which could have potential <i>in vivo</i> health effects for people with chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or those who have increased susceptibility toward other respiratory diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756357.v1
title: Nanoparticles in the lung and their protein corona: the few proteins that count

description: The formation of protein coronae on nanoparticles (NPs) has been investigated almost exclusively in serum, despite the prevailing route of exposure being inhalation of airborne particles. In addition, an increasing number of nanomedicines, that exploit the airways as the site of delivery, are undergoing medical trials. An understanding of the effects of NPs on the airways is therefore required. To further this field, we have described the corona formed on polystyrene (PS) particles with different surface modifications and on titanium dioxide particles when incubated in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We show, using high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry (MS<sup>E</sup>), that a large number of proteins bind with low copy numbers but that a few “core” proteins bind to all particles tested with high fidelity, averaging the surface properties of the different particles independent of the surface properties of the specific particle. The averaging effect at the particle surface means that differing cellular effects may not be due to the protein corona but due to the surface properties of the nanoparticle once inside the cell. Finally, the adherence of surfactant associated proteins (SP-A, B and D) suggests that there may be interactions with lipids and pulmonary surfactant (PSf), which could have potential <i>in vivo</i> health effects for people with chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or those who have increased susceptibility toward other respiratory diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756354
title: Impact of polymer-modified gold nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells: exclusion of endoplasmic reticulum stress as a potential risk factor

description: A library of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) differing in size and surface modifications was examined for uptake and induction of cellular stress responses in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) in human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). ER stress is known to affect the physiology of endothelial cells (ECs) and may lead to inflammation or apoptosis. Thus, even if applied at non-cytotoxic concentrations ER stress caused by nanoparticles should be prevented to reduce the risk of vascular diseases and negative effects on the integrity of barriers (e.g. blood–brain barrier). We exposed hCMEC/D3 to twelve different AuNPs (three sizes: 18, 35, and 65 nm, each with four surface-modifications) for various times and evaluated their effects on cytotoxicity, proinflammatory mediators, barrier functions and factors involved in ER stress. We demonstrated a time-dependent uptake of all AuNPs and no cytotoxicity for up to 72 h of exposure. Exposure to certain AuNPs resulted in a time-dependent increase in the proinflammatory markers IL-8, MCP-1, sVCAM, sICAM. However, none of the AuNPs induced an increase in expression of the chaperones and stress sensor proteins BiP and GRP94, respectively, or the transcription factors ATF4 and ATF6. Furthermore, no upregulation of the UPR stress sensor receptor PERK, no active splicing product of the transcription factor XBP1 and no upregulation of the transcription factor CHOP were detectable. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that effects of different-sized gold nanoparticles modified with various polymers were not related to the induction of ER stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells or led to apoptosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756354.v1
title: Impact of polymer-modified gold nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells: exclusion of endoplasmic reticulum stress as a potential risk factor

description: A library of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) differing in size and surface modifications was examined for uptake and induction of cellular stress responses in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) in human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). ER stress is known to affect the physiology of endothelial cells (ECs) and may lead to inflammation or apoptosis. Thus, even if applied at non-cytotoxic concentrations ER stress caused by nanoparticles should be prevented to reduce the risk of vascular diseases and negative effects on the integrity of barriers (e.g. blood–brain barrier). We exposed hCMEC/D3 to twelve different AuNPs (three sizes: 18, 35, and 65 nm, each with four surface-modifications) for various times and evaluated their effects on cytotoxicity, proinflammatory mediators, barrier functions and factors involved in ER stress. We demonstrated a time-dependent uptake of all AuNPs and no cytotoxicity for up to 72 h of exposure. Exposure to certain AuNPs resulted in a time-dependent increase in the proinflammatory markers IL-8, MCP-1, sVCAM, sICAM. However, none of the AuNPs induced an increase in expression of the chaperones and stress sensor proteins BiP and GRP94, respectively, or the transcription factors ATF4 and ATF6. Furthermore, no upregulation of the UPR stress sensor receptor PERK, no active splicing product of the transcription factor XBP1 and no upregulation of the transcription factor CHOP were detectable. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that effects of different-sized gold nanoparticles modified with various polymers were not related to the induction of ER stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells or led to apoptosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756348
title: Size- and coating-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles evaluated using <i>in vitro</i> standard assays

description: The physicochemical characteristics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may greatly alter their toxicological potential. To explore the effects of size and coating on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of AgNPs, six different types of AgNPs, having three different sizes and two different coatings, were investigated using the Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) and <i>in vitro</i> micronucleus assay. The genotoxicities of silver acetate and silver nitrate were evaluated to compare the genotoxicity of nanosilver to that of ionic silver. The Ames test produced inconclusive results for all types of the silver materials due to the high toxicity of silver to the test bacteria and the lack of entry of the nanoparticles into the cells. Treatment of L5718Y cells with AgNPs and ionic silver resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, mutagenicity in the <i>Tk</i> gene and the induction of micronuclei from exposure to nearly every type of the silver materials. Treatment of TK6 cells with these silver materials also resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and significantly increased micronucleus frequency. With both the MLA and micronucleus assays, the smaller the AgNPs, the greater the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The coatings had less effect on the relative genotoxicity of AgNPs than the particle size. Loss of heterozygosity analysis of the induced <i>Tk</i> mutants indicated that the types of mutations induced by AgNPs were different from those of ionic silver. These results suggest that AgNPs induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a size- and coating-dependent manner. Furthermore, while the MLA and <i>in vitro</i> micronucleus assay (in both types of cells) are useful to quantitatively measure the genotoxic potencies of AgNPs, the Ames test cannot.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756348.v1
title: Size- and coating-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles evaluated using <i>in vitro</i> standard assays

description: The physicochemical characteristics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may greatly alter their toxicological potential. To explore the effects of size and coating on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of AgNPs, six different types of AgNPs, having three different sizes and two different coatings, were investigated using the Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) and <i>in vitro</i> micronucleus assay. The genotoxicities of silver acetate and silver nitrate were evaluated to compare the genotoxicity of nanosilver to that of ionic silver. The Ames test produced inconclusive results for all types of the silver materials due to the high toxicity of silver to the test bacteria and the lack of entry of the nanoparticles into the cells. Treatment of L5718Y cells with AgNPs and ionic silver resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, mutagenicity in the <i>Tk</i> gene and the induction of micronuclei from exposure to nearly every type of the silver materials. Treatment of TK6 cells with these silver materials also resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and significantly increased micronucleus frequency. With both the MLA and micronucleus assays, the smaller the AgNPs, the greater the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The coatings had less effect on the relative genotoxicity of AgNPs than the particle size. Loss of heterozygosity analysis of the induced <i>Tk</i> mutants indicated that the types of mutations induced by AgNPs were different from those of ionic silver. These results suggest that AgNPs induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a size- and coating-dependent manner. Furthermore, while the MLA and <i>in vitro</i> micronucleus assay (in both types of cells) are useful to quantitatively measure the genotoxic potencies of AgNPs, the Ames test cannot.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756342
title: Sensory systems and ionocytes are targets for silver nanoparticle effects in fish

description: Some nanoparticles (NPs) may induce adverse health effects in exposed organisms, but to date the evidence for this in wildlife is very limited. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be toxic to aquatic organisms, including fish, at concentrations relevant for some environmental exposures. We applied whole mount <i>in-situ</i> hybridisation (<i>WISH</i>) in zebrafish embryos and larvae for a suite of genes involved with detoxifying processes and oxidative stress, including metallothionein (<i>mt2</i>), glutathionine <i>S</i>-transferase pi (<i>gstp</i>), glutathionine <i>S</i>-transferase mu (<i>gstm1</i>), haem oxygenase (<i>hmox1</i>) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (<i>fth1</i>) to identify potential target tissues and effect mechanisms of AgNPs compared with a bulk counterpart and ionic silver (AgNO<sub>3</sub>). AgNPs caused upregulation in the expression of <i>mt2, gstp</i> and <i>gstm1</i> and down regulation of expression of both <i>hmox1</i> and <i>fth1</i> and there were both life stage and tissue-specific responses. Responding tissues included olfactory bulbs, lateral line neuromasts and ionocytes in the skin with the potential for effects on olfaction, behaviour and maintenance of ion balance. Silver ions induced similar gene responses and affected the same target tissues as AgNPs. AgNPs invoked levels of target gene responses more similar to silver treatments compared to coated AgNPs indicating the responses seen were due to released silver ions. In the <i>Nrf2</i> zebrafish mutant, expression of <i>mt2</i> (24 hpf) and <i>gstp</i> (3 dpf) were either non-detectable or were at lower levels compared with wild type zebrafish for exposures to AgNPs, indicating that these gene responses are controlled through the Nrf2-Keap pathway.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756342.v1
title: Sensory systems and ionocytes are targets for silver nanoparticle effects in fish

description: Some nanoparticles (NPs) may induce adverse health effects in exposed organisms, but to date the evidence for this in wildlife is very limited. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be toxic to aquatic organisms, including fish, at concentrations relevant for some environmental exposures. We applied whole mount <i>in-situ</i> hybridisation (<i>WISH</i>) in zebrafish embryos and larvae for a suite of genes involved with detoxifying processes and oxidative stress, including metallothionein (<i>mt2</i>), glutathionine <i>S</i>-transferase pi (<i>gstp</i>), glutathionine <i>S</i>-transferase mu (<i>gstm1</i>), haem oxygenase (<i>hmox1</i>) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (<i>fth1</i>) to identify potential target tissues and effect mechanisms of AgNPs compared with a bulk counterpart and ionic silver (AgNO<sub>3</sub>). AgNPs caused upregulation in the expression of <i>mt2, gstp</i> and <i>gstm1</i> and down regulation of expression of both <i>hmox1</i> and <i>fth1</i> and there were both life stage and tissue-specific responses. Responding tissues included olfactory bulbs, lateral line neuromasts and ionocytes in the skin with the potential for effects on olfaction, behaviour and maintenance of ion balance. Silver ions induced similar gene responses and affected the same target tissues as AgNPs. AgNPs invoked levels of target gene responses more similar to silver treatments compared to coated AgNPs indicating the responses seen were due to released silver ions. In the <i>Nrf2</i> zebrafish mutant, expression of <i>mt2</i> (24 hpf) and <i>gstp</i> (3 dpf) were either non-detectable or were at lower levels compared with wild type zebrafish for exposures to AgNPs, indicating that these gene responses are controlled through the Nrf2-Keap pathway.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756144
title: Explicit representations of confidence informs future value-based decisions

description: This is the data from the article "Explicit Representations of Confidence informs future value-based decisions".<br>More information about the study and the code used to analyse the data can be found on our GitHub page (see references).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756144.v1
title: Explicit representations of confidence informs future value-based decisions

description: This is the data from the article "Explicit Representations of Confidence informs future value-based decisions".<br>More information about the study and the code used to analyse the data can be found on our GitHub page (see references).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756123
title: Global map of Zika Virus

description: The Americas are presently experiencing the most serious known outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV). Here, we present a novel set of analyses using environmental characteristics, vector mosquito distributions, and socioeconomic risk fac-tors to develop the first map to detail global ZIKV transmission risk in multiple dimensions based on ecological niche models. Our model predictions were tested against independent evaluation data sets, and all models had predictive ability significantly better than random expectations. The study addresses urgent knowledge gaps regarding (1) the potential geographic scope of the current ZIKV epidemic, (2) the global potential for spread of ZIKV, and (3) drivers of ZIKV transmission. Our analysis of potential drivers of ZIKV distributions globally identified areas vulnerable in terms of some drivers, but not for others. The results of these analyses can guide regional education and preparedness efforts, such that medical personnel will be better prepared for diagnosis of potential ZIKV cases as they appear.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756123.v1
title: Global map of Zika Virus

description: The Americas are presently experiencing the most serious known outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV). Here, we present a novel set of analyses using environmental characteristics, vector mosquito distributions, and socioeconomic risk fac-tors to develop the first map to detail global ZIKV transmission risk in multiple dimensions based on ecological niche models. Our model predictions were tested against independent evaluation data sets, and all models had predictive ability significantly better than random expectations. The study addresses urgent knowledge gaps regarding (1) the potential geographic scope of the current ZIKV epidemic, (2) the global potential for spread of ZIKV, and (3) drivers of ZIKV transmission. Our analysis of potential drivers of ZIKV distributions globally identified areas vulnerable in terms of some drivers, but not for others. The results of these analyses can guide regional education and preparedness efforts, such that medical personnel will be better prepared for diagnosis of potential ZIKV cases as they appear.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756120
title: Costa del estado de Tabasco con el Golfo de México

description: Cartografía temática de la costa de Tabasco con el Golfo de México entre la Barra de Santa Ana y la Barra de Tupilco, incluye ejidos, perfil de suelo, polígono de salinidad y localidades.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3756120.v1
title: Costa del estado de Tabasco con el Golfo de México

description: Cartografía temática de la costa de Tabasco con el Golfo de México entre la Barra de Santa Ana y la Barra de Tupilco, incluye ejidos, perfil de suelo, polígono de salinidad y localidades.<br>