DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z08kprrqk
title: Intention to receive new vaccines post-COVID-19 pandemic among adults and health workers in Lusaka, Zambia

description: To estimate intention to receive newly introduced adult vaccines among
 community members and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Lusaka, Zambia in the
 context of previous COVID-19 vaccine uptake and perceived disease threat
 and, identify trusted sources of vaccine information. We conducted a
 cross-sectional survey among a random sample of community members and a
 convenience sample of HCWs from 13 November to 15 December 2023. We
 evaluated future vaccination intentions by self-reported COVID-19 vaccine
 uptake, community role, vaccine type (COVID-19 booster, HIV, tuberculosis,
 malaria, pneumonia, diarrheal disease), and source of information using
 adjusted, mixed effects Poisson regression and adjusted probability
 models. We enrolled 395 (79.2 %) community members and 104 (20.8 %) HCWs
 (N = 499). There was high intention to receive new vaccines among
 community members (mean score = 83.6 %) andHCWs (mean score = 86.0 %),
 though intentions varied by vaccine type. Prior COVID-19 vaccine uptake
 (0, 1, 2+ doses) impacted intentions to receive a novel COVID-19 vaccine
 among community members (43.3 %,62.8 %, and 79.7 %, respectively) but were
 not associated with any other vaccine types. Intention to receive a
 vaccine was strongly associated with perceived disease severity and
 susceptibility as well as age, sex, education, and household income.
 Social media as a vaccine information source was associated with lower
 overall vaccine intention among community members, while health system and
 community sources were associated with higher overall intention to receive
 new vaccines. The government was a highly trusted source of vaccine
 information among all participants. Prior COVID-19 vaccination uptake did
 not predict future non-COVID-19 vaccine intention in Zambia. Perceived
 threat and select socio-demographic factors were key predictors,
 suggesting the need for rapid research to design communication strategies
 and identify trusted sources per target population.
description: <em>Study design</em> We conducted
 a cross-sectional survey in Lusaka, Zambia, recruiting community members
 from randomly selected households in four urban communities with
 relatively low COVID-19 vaccine uptake and healthcare workers (HCWs) at
 ten healthcare facilities chosen for diversity in size and geographic
 location. All participants were recruited from November to December 2023,
 long after the major COVID-19 waves in southern Africa, including the 2021
 Omicron wave that was first reported in South Africa and
 Botswana. <em>Participants and recruitment
 strategy</em> Adults aged 18 years and above who
 resided in Lusaka Province and could provide consent were eligible to
 participate in the study. For HCWs, eligibility was restricted to those
 providing direct clinical services to patients or community-based health
 services. We purposively selected 10 healthcare
 facilities to recruit HCWs and four high-density, low-income areas
 (compounds) with low COVID-19 vaccination rates to recruit community
 members. This targeted selection aimed to improve the representation of
 unvaccinated individuals. By focusing on areas with lower uptake, we
 sought to identify early signals where pre-emptive engagement strategies
 may be needed and to understand acceptance in settings that might
 represent more challenging scenarios for vaccine introduction.
 Healthcare facilities included one University tertiary/specialist
 care teaching hospital, five first-level hospitals providing non-emergency
 in- and out-patient care, as well as three Urban Health Centres and one
 Rural Health Centres offering primary healthcare. Some of these health
 facilities served as COVID-19 referral treatment centres during the
 pandemic. We collected data from a convenience sample of HCWs drawn from
 five (5) distinct departments in 10 public health facilities including
 Antiretroviral Therapy and Treatment (ART), Mother and Child Health (MCH),
 TB, Adolescent, and Outpatient (OPD) Departments. Each
 of the four communities has 10 administrative units (zones), which are
 divided into 10 neighborhoods of approximately 100 households. Each
 neighborhood has a Neighborhood Health Committee (NHC) consisting of
 community members who liaise with the healthcare facility. Per community,
 we randomly selected one zone and sensitized the participating health
 facility and 10 NHCs to the study. We employed systematic random sampling
 to select households from which to draw individuals for data
 collection. Two study teams, each consisting of a field
 supervisor and four trained Research Assistants (RAs) accompanied by an
 NHC member and led by a study coordinator, collected data. Teams enrolled
 from 10 households per neighborhood and visited two neighborhoods each
 day. In each neighborhood, the team used the randomizing technique,
 "spin the bottle", to determine the initial direction and
 household and then approached every fifth household to the right. At each
 selected household, the RA and accompanying NHC member introduced the
 study to all household members, assessed interested household members for
 eligibility, and enrolled the first eligible member per
 household.
description: # Intention to receive new vaccines post-COVID-19 pandemic among adults
 and health workers in Lusaka, Zambia
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrqk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z08kprrqk) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables #### File: intent\_novel\_vaccine-06feb2025\_share.csv **Description:** Dataset used in the analyses found in the Vaccine article entitled "Intention to receive new vaccines post-COVID-19 pandemic among adults and health workers in Lusaka, Zambia" ([here](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X25001434)). ##### Variables * gender: birth sex * age_cat6: categorical age (six categories) * hcw_alt: community member [0] or healthcare work (HCW) [1] * marital: marital status * religion: reported religion * educ_cat: education categorically * employ_cat: employment status categorically * income_qtile: income quartile * cov_rev: reported receipt of COVID-19 vaccine * hiv: HIV status * intent_flu_alt: intention to receive novel influenza vaccine * intent_pneum_alt: intention to receive the novel pneumonia vaccine * intent_newcov_alt: intention to receive novel COVID vaccine * intent_dia_alt: intention to receive novel diarrheal illness vaccine * intent_tb_alt: intention to receive novel tuberculosis vaccine * intent_mal_alt: intention to receive novel malaria vaccine * intent_hiv_alt: intention to receive novel HIV vaccine * trust_gov: trusted source for vaccine information government * trust_sci: trusted source for vaccine information scientific community * trust_com: trusted source for vaccine information local community * trust_other: trusted source for vaccine information other * info_tmedia: accessed vaccine information through traditional media * info_smedia: accessed vaccine information through social media * info_com: accessed vaccine information through local community * info_health: accessed vaccine information through the healthcare system * info_other: accessed vaccine information through other source * loc_area: recruitment location (numerically encoded) Note: missing values are coded as "null". ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * NA Data was derived from the following sources: * Study data was collected through facilitated interviews by trained data associates and stored securely in the Sawtooth Software (Provo, UT, USA) platform.