cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194853.v1
title: Trophic dynamics (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen-DIN and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus-DIP) in tropical urban estuarine systems during periods of high and low river discharge rates

description: Abstract: This paper focused on the use of the biogeochemical LOICZ (Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) to investigate the dynamics of DIN and DIP nutrients among three highly urbanized tropical estuaries (Barra das Jangadas (BJ), Recife (RE) and Timbó (TB)), located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The input data were obtained through in situ measurements (2007) and governmental agency databases (2001-2007). The balances of the non-conservative elements showed that the RE and TB systems alternated between sources and sinks during the observation periods (0.2-0.8 mmoles DIP m-2 d-1 and 0.1-10 mmoles DIN m-2 d-1). The metabolism rates in the systems indicated that the BJ system was autotrophic during the two observation periods (10-26 mmoles C m-2 d-1), while the RE system was heterotrophic (9-12 mmoles C m-2 d-1). The river discharge rates observed during the period 2001-2007 showed averages ranging from 9.4±3.8 to 18.4±7.7 m3s-1. Measurements of the trophic status in the RE system during 2007 characterized the system as eutrophic, thereby demonstrating high levels of chlorophyll-a and inorganic nutrients. The applications of balance sheets modeling proved to be very useful toward understanding the dynamics of estuarine systems dominated by large urban centers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194856
title: Growth and effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on selected beneficial bacteria

description: Abstract The growing interest of consumers to the new probiotic product has led the industry to focus on it. But viability of probiotic strain has a big challenge during shelf life of food. Therefore, to know the effect of food additives on survival of probiotic is important. The role of probiotics, garlic and yoghurt on the health of humans is widely known. In this study, we focus on finding answers to the question of whether selected beneficial bacteria will survive in the presence of ground garlic solution or fresh garlic juice and obtaining the growth parameters of that strains. Disk diffusion assays revealed that while Bifidobacterium longum BB536 is the most susceptible (49.37 ± 1.07 mm), Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 is the most resistant (no inhibition zone) bacteria to the fresh garlic juice, significantly. However, the strains were not adversely affected in possible usage rates of garlic in some Turkish appetizers. Enumeration assays also confirmed these unexpected findings. The addition of certain quantities of ground garlic or fresh garlic juice that did not show antimicrobial activity for selected probiotic strains are suitable for food matrix, especially yogurt based products.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194856.v1
title: Growth and effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on selected beneficial bacteria

description: Abstract The growing interest of consumers to the new probiotic product has led the industry to focus on it. But viability of probiotic strain has a big challenge during shelf life of food. Therefore, to know the effect of food additives on survival of probiotic is important. The role of probiotics, garlic and yoghurt on the health of humans is widely known. In this study, we focus on finding answers to the question of whether selected beneficial bacteria will survive in the presence of ground garlic solution or fresh garlic juice and obtaining the growth parameters of that strains. Disk diffusion assays revealed that while Bifidobacterium longum BB536 is the most susceptible (49.37 ± 1.07 mm), Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 is the most resistant (no inhibition zone) bacteria to the fresh garlic juice, significantly. However, the strains were not adversely affected in possible usage rates of garlic in some Turkish appetizers. Enumeration assays also confirmed these unexpected findings. The addition of certain quantities of ground garlic or fresh garlic juice that did not show antimicrobial activity for selected probiotic strains are suitable for food matrix, especially yogurt based products.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194859
title: Concentrated beta-galactosidase and cell permeabilization from Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 for beta-galactosidase activity in the hydrolysis of lactose

description: Abstract The cheese whey shows an organic nutrient charge that can be used to obtain metabolites of interest by biotechnology of microorganisms. Thus, fermentative processes for enzyme production, in particular beta-galactosidase becomes feasible. The enzyme plays an important role in the biotech food industry to obtain milk and dairy products with low lactose content for consumption by intolerant individuals. The objective of this work was to determine the enzyme activity of the concentrated beta-galactosidase (CBG) and the permeabilized cells (PC) both obtained from Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275. The enzyme beta-galactosidase obtained from the fermentation of Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 in cheese whey was used to determine the optimal conditions for the hydrolysis of lactose solution at 1% (w/v). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to determine beta-galactosidase activity for such factors pH, temperature and enzyme concentration suitable for the lactose hydrolysis. Based on the statistical analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis thus optimizing the enzyme activity for CBG were, temperature 30 °C, pH 6.0 and enzyme concentration 3% (v/v) and for PC was temperature 44 °C, pH 7.0 and enzyme concentration 4% (v/v).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194862
title: Macrophages subpopulations in chronic periapical lesions according to clinical and morphological aspects

description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate macrophage M1 and M2 subpopulations in radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs) and relate them to clinical and morphological aspects. M1 macrophages were evaluated by the percentage of CD68 immunostaining associated with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and M2 macrophages, by its specific CD163 antibody. The CD68+/CD163+ ratio was adopted to distinguish between the two macrophage subpopulations. Clinical, radiographic, symptomatology, treatment, and morphological parameters of lesions were collected and a significance level of p = 0.05 was adopted for statistical analysis. The results showed that the CD68+/CD163+ ratio was higher in the RCs (median = 1.22, p = 0.002), and the highest TNF-α immunostaining scores were found in RCs (p = 0.018); in PGs, the CD68+/CD163+ ratio was lower and associated with a greater CD163+ immunostaining (median = 1.02, p &lt;0.001). The TNF-α in cyst epithelium had a score of 3 in 10 cases and predominance of M1 macrophages by CD68+/CD163+ (median = 2.23). In addition, CD68+ cells had higher percentage of immunostaining in smaller RCs (p = 0.034). Our findings suggest that increased CD68 immunostaining associated with TNF-α cytokine in RCs results in a greater differentiation of the M1 phenotype. The higher CD163 immunostaining in PGs results in greater differentiation of the M2 phenotype. Therefore, the inflammatory state promoted by M1 macrophages is related to growth and progression of RCs; on the other hand, the immunomodulatory state of M2 macrophages is related to maintenance of PGs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194862.v1
title: Macrophages subpopulations in chronic periapical lesions according to clinical and morphological aspects

description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate macrophage M1 and M2 subpopulations in radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs) and relate them to clinical and morphological aspects. M1 macrophages were evaluated by the percentage of CD68 immunostaining associated with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and M2 macrophages, by its specific CD163 antibody. The CD68+/CD163+ ratio was adopted to distinguish between the two macrophage subpopulations. Clinical, radiographic, symptomatology, treatment, and morphological parameters of lesions were collected and a significance level of p = 0.05 was adopted for statistical analysis. The results showed that the CD68+/CD163+ ratio was higher in the RCs (median = 1.22, p = 0.002), and the highest TNF-α immunostaining scores were found in RCs (p = 0.018); in PGs, the CD68+/CD163+ ratio was lower and associated with a greater CD163+ immunostaining (median = 1.02, p &lt;0.001). The TNF-α in cyst epithelium had a score of 3 in 10 cases and predominance of M1 macrophages by CD68+/CD163+ (median = 2.23). In addition, CD68+ cells had higher percentage of immunostaining in smaller RCs (p = 0.034). Our findings suggest that increased CD68 immunostaining associated with TNF-α cytokine in RCs results in a greater differentiation of the M1 phenotype. The higher CD163 immunostaining in PGs results in greater differentiation of the M2 phenotype. Therefore, the inflammatory state promoted by M1 macrophages is related to growth and progression of RCs; on the other hand, the immunomodulatory state of M2 macrophages is related to maintenance of PGs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194865
title: Streamlined Synthesis of 6-((1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo [3,4-d]pyridazin-1-one System via Sequential N-Alkylation, CuAAC, and [4 + 2] Cyclization Reactions

description: An efficient sequential three-step reaction methodology for the synthesis of three new series-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-pyrroles, methyl 4-acetyl-1-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates and 6-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-1-ones-is reported. The methodology comprises: (i) N-alkylation reactions of polyfunctionalized 1H-pyrroles-which were previously obtained from (E)-methyl 2-azido-3-arylacrylates-with propargyl bromide in order to obtain 1H-pyrroles; (ii) standard copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) involving organic azides (benzyl-, 4-methoxybenzyl- and 4-chlorobenzyl, as well as n-octyl azide) and N-propargylated 1H-pyrroles to give triazolyl derivatives, as methyl 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates (click chemistry); and (iii) [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reactions of the ketoesters in the presence of hydrazine hydrochloride in order to furnish the desired series of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-1-ones at total yields up to 54%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194871
title: Effect of vitamin D supplementation on 24-hour urine calcium in patients with calcium Urolithiasis and vitamin D deficiency

description: ABSTRACT  Purpose: Hypercalciuria is one of the risk factors for calcium kidney stone formation (the most common type of urinary stones). Although vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among urolithiasis patients, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on urine calcium in these patients is still unclear.  Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, medical and laboratory tests records of 26 patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency treated with 50000IU vitamin D per week for 8-12 weeks were analyzed. The changes in 24-hour urine calcium (24-h Ca), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), serum parathormone (PTH), other 24-hour urine metabolites and calculated relative supersaturations of calcium oxalate (CaOxSS), calcium phosphate (CaPSS) and uric acid (UASS) were assessed. Moreover, correlations between changes in 24-h Ca and other aforementioned variables were assessed.  Results: Serum 25 (OH) D and 24-h Ca increased after vitamin D supplementation, while serum PTH decreased (p &lt; 0.001, for all analyses). The levels of 24-hour urine sodium and urea increased significantly (p = 0.005 and p = 0.031, respectively). The levels of CaOxSS and CaPSS increased, but the changes were not significant (p = 0.177, and p = 0.218, respectively). There were no correlations between the changes in 24-h Ca and serum 25 (OH) D or PTH.  Conclusions: The result of current study suggests that although urine Ca increased in vitamin D supplemented patients, this increase was not associated with the increase in serum vitamin D and may be due to other factors such as dietary factors. Further randomized clinical trials considering other factors associated with urine Ca are warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194871.v1
title: Effect of vitamin D supplementation on 24-hour urine calcium in patients with calcium Urolithiasis and vitamin D deficiency

description: ABSTRACT  Purpose: Hypercalciuria is one of the risk factors for calcium kidney stone formation (the most common type of urinary stones). Although vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among urolithiasis patients, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on urine calcium in these patients is still unclear.  Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, medical and laboratory tests records of 26 patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency treated with 50000IU vitamin D per week for 8-12 weeks were analyzed. The changes in 24-hour urine calcium (24-h Ca), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), serum parathormone (PTH), other 24-hour urine metabolites and calculated relative supersaturations of calcium oxalate (CaOxSS), calcium phosphate (CaPSS) and uric acid (UASS) were assessed. Moreover, correlations between changes in 24-h Ca and other aforementioned variables were assessed.  Results: Serum 25 (OH) D and 24-h Ca increased after vitamin D supplementation, while serum PTH decreased (p &lt; 0.001, for all analyses). The levels of 24-hour urine sodium and urea increased significantly (p = 0.005 and p = 0.031, respectively). The levels of CaOxSS and CaPSS increased, but the changes were not significant (p = 0.177, and p = 0.218, respectively). There were no correlations between the changes in 24-h Ca and serum 25 (OH) D or PTH.  Conclusions: The result of current study suggests that although urine Ca increased in vitamin D supplemented patients, this increase was not associated with the increase in serum vitamin D and may be due to other factors such as dietary factors. Further randomized clinical trials considering other factors associated with urine Ca are warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194874
title: ENANTIOSELECTIVE ORGANOCATALYSIS: EVOLUTION AND RECENT ASPECTS

description: In the last two decades, enantioselective organocatalysis has established itself as one of the three pillars of asymmetric catalysis. The rapid growth in the area is due to the rationalization of organocatalysis based on the generic modes of catalyst activation, being applied to several types of reactions, in a rather generic and predictable way and providing high enantioselectivities. This tutorial review presents the evolution of this area through a brief discussion on all generic modes of activation previously systematized in the literature: activation via enamine, iminium ion, hydrogen-bonding, counterion, SOMO, photoredox, carbene and phase-transfer, and the recent advances in the area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194877
title: Production of parabolic mirrors and construction of the concept of 2nd degree polynomial function

description: One of the biggest obstacles to learn physics in High School is, according teachers’ account, their mathematical approach. In this paper we propose an activity that integrates Physics and Math contents, in order to make quadratic function significant for the students. We report the activities planned and implemented in the classroom, with High School 1st year students in a public school located within the RS. The activities referred to the production of parabolic mirrors in two different models, followed by the construction of the concept of 2nd degree polynomial (the so called quadratic function). Therefore, we used both the classroom space and students’ home space, allowing experience learning during the period that lasted the activity. We work under a constructivist methodology. We conclude that such activities class, called hands-on, can really bring significance to the concepts usually covered abstractly in textbooks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194877.v1
title: Production of parabolic mirrors and construction of the concept of 2nd degree polynomial function

description: One of the biggest obstacles to learn physics in High School is, according teachers’ account, their mathematical approach. In this paper we propose an activity that integrates Physics and Math contents, in order to make quadratic function significant for the students. We report the activities planned and implemented in the classroom, with High School 1st year students in a public school located within the RS. The activities referred to the production of parabolic mirrors in two different models, followed by the construction of the concept of 2nd degree polynomial (the so called quadratic function). Therefore, we used both the classroom space and students’ home space, allowing experience learning during the period that lasted the activity. We work under a constructivist methodology. We conclude that such activities class, called hands-on, can really bring significance to the concepts usually covered abstractly in textbooks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194883
title: Effect of convective and microwave methods on drying characteristics, color, rehydration and microstructure properties of ginger

description: Abstract In this research, the effects of convective drying method (60, 70 and 80 °C) and microwave drying method (160 and 350 W) on the drying characteristics, color, rehydration and microstructure properties of ginger has been examined. For the purpose of choosing the most appropriate thin-layer drying models in terms of the drying applications, nine mathematical models have been applied on the experimental data. Pursuant to the assessment of the statistical tests, models of Diffusion Approach, Midilli et al. and Page that represent drying characteristics are found to be better than other models. Drying applications have affected the color values of all fresh ginger samples. Results indicated that browning degree increases as drying temperature and microwave power rise. The samples dried at 60 °C has the maximum rehydration ratio while the samples dried at 80 °C has the minimum rehydration ratio. Scanning electron microscopy visuals have ascertained that the deterioration of the ginger samples remarkably surged due to the rise in either drying temperature or microwave power. Applying the convective and microwave techniques as an alternative drying method for ginger samples is possible.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194805
title: Penetration of bioceramic and epoxy-resin endodontic cements into lateral canals

description: Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the penetration capacity of two endodontic cements, Endosequence BC Sealer and AH Plus, in artificial lateral canals. Twenty-six two-rooted, maxillary first premolars were instrumented to size 40.06 using K3 files. In each root, six lateral canals of two diameters (0.06 and 0.10 mm) were created with a working length of 2, 4, and 6 mm. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups according to the endodontic cement to be used (Endosequence BC Sealer and AH Plus) and obturated by the single-cone technique. The specimens were imaged by digital periapical radiography and scores from 0 to 4 were attributed according to the degree of penetration by sealers into the lateral canals. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests, and a significance level of p &lt; 0.05 was adopted. No significant difference was observed between the two endodontic cements used to fill the simulated lateral canals (p &gt; 0.05). The diameter of lateral canals only influenced the capacity of the Endosequence BC Sealer in filling the canals, and presented greater penetration in the lateral canals of diameter 0.10 mm (p &lt; 0.05). We concluded that the bioceramic endodontic cement Endosequence BC Sealer presented similar ability as AH Plus to fill simulated lateral canals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194835.v1
title: Assessment of Metalloproteinase Matrix 9 (MMP9) Gene Polymorphisms Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in the Brazilian Population

description: Abstract  Objective  To evaluate the C-1562T matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene polymorphisms as risk factors related to the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to identifytheclinicalvariablesassociatedwith theoccurrenceof thedisease.Epidemiological studies of risk factors for POP do not explain why nulliparous women with no known risk factors also develop POP. Therefore, genetic factors may be involved.  Methods  Cohort study with 86 women with symptomatic POP (cases), and 158 women withoutapriororcurrentdiagnosisof thisdisorder(controls).Thegroupswereanalyzedfor the presence of MMP9 gene polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chainreaction(PCR)with DNA obtained froma peripheral venouspuncture ofboth groups.  Results  There were no differences between the cases and controls even when we grouped the mutant homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. The analysis of patients with a complete absence of POP versus patients with total POP also showed no statistically significant differences. Ageand home birth were found to be independent risk factors for POP.  Conclusions  There were no statistically significant differences in the C-1562T MMP9 polymorphisms between the cases and controls in Brazilian women.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8194844
title: Peer Instruction-Based Feedback Sessions Improve the Retention of Knowledge in Medical Students

description: ABSTRACT Peer Instruction (PI) is an interactive teaching-learning process between colleagues and has been applied in various universities throughout the world. This active teaching methodology improves students’ performance and their capacity to resolve problems when they perform activities with their study colleagues. There are no systematic studies about the use of PI in assessment feedback. The aim of our study is to identify whether the use of PI on assessment feedback improves the retention of basic concepts in medical programs. For this study 226 undergraduate students (Y2 = 115, Y3 = 111) enrolled in a Brazilian medical school were invited to participate. After taking the regular exam (RE), the students of the control group (125) could individually receive feedback (review of the exam) from the professor according to the course routine, and the students in the study group (101) were invited to participate in an immediate intervention after the RE with a feedback developed session using the peer instruction teaching method. At the conclusion of the feedback session, the students again answered the post-feedback exam (PFE) so that we could identify any changes in the answers compared with the regular exam taken before feedback and 6 months later, we applied a diagnostic exam (DE) of identify whether the students retained the concepts covered in the previous exams. The control and study groups are statistically significantly different in the RE (p = 0.0014) and DE (p &lt; 0.000). The study group demonstrated better performance in both exams than the control group. When we gave feedback, using PI immediately after the exam, retention of basic science knowledge jumped to 39%, increasing by 15%. The students that had assessment feedback had the opportunity to discuss their misconceptions. These students had the highest number of correct answers with assimilate knowledge and fewer assimilation of wrong answers, therefore, students who received immediate feedback had less tendency to make the same conceptual errors. PI in the feedback was effective in improving retention of basic science knowledge.