cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9s9
title: Data from: Microsaccades as a marker not a cause for attention-related modulation

description: Recent evidence suggests that microsaccades are causally linked to the
 attention-related modulation of neurons – specifically, that microsaccades
 towards the attended location are required for the subsequent changes in
 firing rate. These findings have raised questions about whether
 attention-related modulation is due to different states of attention as
 traditionally assumed or might instead be a secondary effect of
 microsaccades. Here, in two rhesus macaques, we tested the relationship
 between microsaccades and attention-related modulation in the superior
 colliculus, a brain structure crucial for allocating attention. We found
 that attention-related modulation emerged even in the absence of
 microsaccades, was already present prior to microsaccades towards the cued
 stimulus, and persisted through the suppression of activity that
 accompanied all microsaccades. Nonetheless, consistent with previous
 findings, we also found significant attention-related modulation when
 microsaccades were directed towards, rather than away from, the cued
 location. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing hypothesis, microsaccades
 are not necessary for attention-related modulation, at least not in the
 superior colliculus. They do, however, provide an additional marker for
 the state of attention, especially at times when attention is shifting
 from one location to another.
description: See Methods https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.11.459890.
description: See attached readme files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b8sg
title: Bacterial communities in carnivorous pitcher plants colonize and persist in inquiline mosquitoes

description: Background The leaves of carnivorous pitcher plants harbor diverse
 communities of inquiline species, including bacteria and larvae of the
 pitcher plant mosquito (Wyeomyia smithii), which aid the plant by
 processing captured prey. Despite the growing appreciation for this
 microecosystem as a tractable model in which to study food web dynamics
 and the moniker of W. smithii as a 'keystone
 predator', very little is known about microbiota acquisition and
 assembly in W. smithii mosquitoes or the impacts
 of W. smithii-mcirobiota interactions on mosquito and/or plant
 fitness. Results In this study, we used high throughput sequencing of
 bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons to characterize and compare microbiota
 diversity in field- and laboratory-derived W.
 smithii larvae. We then conducted controlled experiments in the
 laboratory to better understand the factors shaping microbiota acquisition
 and persistence across W. smithii life history. Methods
 were also developed to produce axenic
 (microbiota-free) W. smithii larvae that can be
 selectively recolonized with one or more known bacterial species in order
 to study microbiota function. Our results support a dominant role for the
 pitcher environment in shaping microbiota diversity in W.
 smithii larvae, while also indicating that pitcher-associated
 microbiota can persist and be dispersed by adult W.
 smithii mosquitoes. We also demonstrate the successful generation
 of axenic W. smithii larvae and report variable fitness
 outcomes in gnotobiotic larvae monocolonized by individual bacterial
 isolates during from naturally occurring pitchers in the field.
 Conclusions This study provides the first information on microbiota
 acquisition and assembly in W. smithii mosquitoes. This
 stusy also provides the first evidence for successful microbiota
 manipulation in this species. Altogether, our results highlight the value
 of such methods for studying host-microbiota interactions and lay the
 foundation for future studies to understand how W.
 smithii-microbiota interactions shape the structure and stablity of this
 important model ecosystem.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57bt
title: Large herbivores facilitate a dominant grassland plant via multiple indirect effects

description: While large herbivores are critically important components of terrestrial
 ecosystems and can have pronounced top-down effects on plants, our
 understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving these effects remains
 incomplete. Large herbivores can alter plant growth, reproduction and
 abundance through direct effects (predominantly consumption) and through
 indirect effects via altered interactions with abiotic factors and other
 species. We know considerably less about these indirect effects than the
 direct effects. Here, we integrate medium- and small-scale field
 experiments to investigate how a large vertebrate herbivore, cattle (Bos
 taurus), affects the aboveground biomass of a dominant forb species,
 Artemisia scoparia, via diverse direct and indirect pathways in a
 temperate grassland in northeast China. Although cattle consumed this
 forb, its biomass increased significantly in response to grazing, due to
 multiple indirect positive effects that outweighed the direct negative
 effects of consumption. Cattle preferentially consumed the competing grass
 Leymus chinensis, and altered Artemisia microhabitats by reducing
 total plant cover and litter biomass and by increasing the abundance of
 co-occurring ant species (e.g., Formica spp. and Lasius
 spp.). This led to additional indirect positive effects on A.
 scoparia likely due to 1) increased light availability
 in understory layers and other limiting resources
 (e.g., soil nutrients and moisture) caused by removal of
 competitors and plant litter at the soil surface and 2) the
 changes in resource availability (e.g., soil
 nutrients and moisture) associated with ant colonies. Our results
 show that large herbivores can affect plant growth not only via direct
 consumption, but also via multiple indirect effects. Focusing on the
 causes and consequences of herbivore-induced indirect effects will not
 only help us to better understand the influence of these animals
 in ecological systems, but will also lead to more effective land
 management and conservation practices in the regions they inhabit.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmgh
title: Sapwood area~DBH allometries for 14 common tree species in a successional tropical forest in Thailand

description: Sapwood area is an important parameter for estimating canopy transpiration
 in the forest water cycle. However, sapwood area highly varies across
 species and forest ecosystems and is difficult to measure directly.
 Therefore, species- and site-specific allometric equations are needed to
 estimate the sapwood area of all trees in a forest. Here, we conducted a
 comprehensive campaign to measure sapwood thickness and to estimate the
 sapwood area of 14 common tree species in a successional forest in
 Thailand. These data represent the first comprehensive measurements of
 sapwood area in south-east Asian successional forests growing under
 diverse environmental conditions in terms of soil moisture and canopy
 density. The results show that a power function can significantly explain
 the relationship between sapwood area and stem size, represented by
 diameter at breast height (DBH), in all species in both primary and
 secondary forests. Interestingly, a single equation could describe the
 sapwood area~DBH relationship in all species and forest stages, except for
 Dipterocarpus gracilis, an emergent, dominant species in the primary
 forest. The latter showed slower growth in sapwood area once the trees
 reached a DBH of ~30 cm. Overall, our results can benefit future studies
 that estimate canopy transpiration of tropical forests with similar
 conditions as in our study sites.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5hqbzkqg
title: Data from: Living, dead, and absent trees - How do moth outbreaks shape small-scale patterns of soil organic matter stocks and dynamics at the Subarctic mountain birch treeline?

description: Mountain birch forests (B. pubescens Ehrh. ssp. czerepanovii) at the
 subarctic treeline not only benefit from global warming, but are also
 increasingly affected by caterpillar outbreaks from foliage-feeding
 geometrid moths. Both of these factors have unknown consequences on soil
 organic carbon (SOC) stocks and biogeochemical cycles. We measured SOC
 stocks down to the bedrock under living trees and under two stages of dead
 trees (12 and 55 years since moth outbreak) and treeless tundra in
 northern Finland. We also measured in-situ soil respiration, potential SOC
 decomposability, biological (enzyme activities, microbial biomass), and
 chemical (N, mineral N, pH) soil properties. SOC stocks were significantly
 higher under living trees (4.1±2.1 kg m²) than in the treeless tundra
 (2.4±0.6 kg m²), and remained at an elevated level even 12 (3.7±1.7 kg m²)
 and 55 years (4.9±3.0 kg m²) after tree death. Effects of tree status on
 SOC stocks decreased with increasing distance from the tree and with
 increasing depth, i.e. a significant effect of tree status was found in
 the organic layer, but not in mineral soil. Soil under living trees was
 characterized by higher mineral N contents, microbial biomass, microbial
 activity, and soil respiration compared with the treeless tundra; soils
 under dead trees were intermediate between these two. The results suggest
 accelerated organic matter turnover under living trees but a positive net
 effect on SOC stocks. Slowed organic matter turnover and continuous supply
 of deadwood may explain why SOC stocks remained elevated under dead trees,
 despite the heavy decrease in aboveground C stocks. We conclude that the
 increased occurrence of moth damage with climate change would have minor
 effects on SOC stocks, but ultimately decrease ecosystem C stocks (49%
 within 55 years in this area), if the mountain birch forests will not be
 able to recover from the outbreaks.
description: See ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1zcrjdft0
title: Land use and land cover in communities along the Bons Sinais estuary, Mozambique

description: The Bons Sinais estuary (BSE) is one of the most important estuaries in
 the central region of the Mozambican coast. The BSE plays an
 important role as main source of food and income for many people living
 along the estuary. The present data contain information on the land use
 and cover of eight communities located along the Bons Sinais estuary,
 Mozambique, over the time period 2019-2020. The dataset was created by
 drawing shape files over high-resolution satellite imagens obtained from
 Bing and Google Satellites.  All images were analysed using QGIS
 software. A total of 101 shapefiles were created. These files will help
 local managers and researchers to better understand the human use of the
 natural resources and landscape, as well as to predict impacts of the
 community’s growth on natural resources in the BSE.
description: High resolution satellite images of the BSE and eight communities
 (Inhangome, Chuabo Dembe, Icídua, Mirazane, Nhangulue, Gazelas, Marrubune
 and Irregone) were imported from Bing and Google satellites into QGIS 3.10
 “A Coruña” software, using the QuickMapServices plugin (version 2). The
 following features: base map of the BSE, artisanal fishing harbours,
 roads, rivers and channels, residences, abandoned/inactive aquaculture
 ponds, active aquaculture ponds, sandbanks, agriculture land, flood area,
 mangroves and mixed forest were manually drawn within a circular area of
 8.6 km<sup>2</sup>. This area was defined based on the size of
 each community, considering the distance among them. The data is compiled
 in shapefiles (.shp, shx, .qpj, .prj, .dbf) for each feature measured. In
 addition, a comma-separated values (csv) file containing details on each
 feature and two PDFs with data description, as well as a map
 plotted using the data enclosed are included in this
 dataset.
description: Files containing Geographic Information Systems data can be
 opened using GIS software such as QGIS and ArcGIS. 
 Minor discrepancies or some minor gaps may arise from manual
 vectorization process.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf22k
title: Daily ranging and den usage patterns structure fission-fusion dynamics and social associations in spotted hyenas

description: Environment structure often shapes social interactions. Spatial attractors
 that draw multiple individuals may play a particularly important role in
 dispersed groups, where individuals must first encounter one another to
 interact. We use GPS data recorded simultaneously from five spotted hyenas
 (Crocuta crocuta) within a single clan to investigate how communal dens
 and daily ranging patterns shape fission-fusion dynamics (subgroup splits
 and merges). We introduce a species-general framework for identifying and
 characterizing dyadic fission-fusion events and describe a taxonomy of ten
 possible configurations of these events. Applying this framework to the
 hyena data illuminates the spatiotemporal structure of social interactions
 within hyenas' daily routines. The most common types of
 fission-fusion events involve close approaches between individuals, do not
 involve co-travel together, and occur at the communal den. Comparison to
 permutation-based reference models suggests that den usage structures
 broad-scale patterns of social encounters, but that other factors
 influence how those encounters unfold. We discuss the dual role of
 communal dens in hyenas as physical and social resources, and suggest that
 dens are an example of a general "social piggybacking" process
 whereby environmental attractors take on social importance as reliable
 places to encounter conspecifics, causing social and spatial processes to
 become fundamentally intertwined.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xfedet
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 24814 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 '466' AS fish_cell,
 GBIF_MGRSCode(1000, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, 0) AS cell, -- NO randomization
 COUNT(DISTINCT speciesKey) AS species_richness
 FROM occurrence
 WHERE hasCoordinate = TRUE
 AND speciesKey IS NOT NULL
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'ZERO_COORDINATE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_OUT_OF_RANGE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_INVALID')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COUNTRY_COORDINATE_MISMATCH')
 AND decimalLatitude &gt;= 46.479780028101516
 AND decimalLatitude &lt;= 51.21395264452012
 AND decimalLongitude &gt;= -86.85869421308222
 AND decimalLongitude &lt;= -75.5327771015545
 AND "year" &gt;= 2015
 AND "year" &lt;= 2026
 AND (coordinateUncertaintyInMeters &lt;= 100 OR coordinateUncertaintyInMeters IS NULL)
 GROUP BY fish_cell, cell

 The dataset's 24814 records were derived from 64 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002960-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hmgqnk9hw
title: How distorted food prices discourage a healthy diet

description: Public policy making for the prevention of diet-related disease is impeded
 by a lack of evidence on whether poor diets are a matter of personal
 responsibility or a choice set narrowed by environmental conditions. An
 important element of the environment is market imperfections in food
 retail that distort prices. We use a rich dataset on quantities and prices
 of food purchases in the United States and a structural model of dietary
 choices to examine variation in diets across households that have
 different levels of income and live in different neighborhoods. We find
 that price distortions account for one-third of the gap between the
 recommended and actual intake of fruits and vegetables. A feasible fiscal
 intervention that remedies these distortions makes all consumers better
 off.
description: These are secondary datasets with information on quantities and
 prices of purchases fruits and vegetables ("healthy food") and
 other food ("unhealthy food") by income quantiles of households
 and US counties. These statistics were calculated from the The NielsenIQ
 marketing datasets, which can be purchased from the Kilts Center for
 Marketing at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
description: These data underlie the figures presented in the paper, and also
 served as the inputs to estimate the structural model described
 there.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fttdz08tp
title: Data from: The role of the introduced rusa deer Cervus timorensis for wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia

description: The rusa deer has been introduced to Merauke region and later to Vogelkop
 Peninsula in Indonesian New Guinea (West Papua) in 1928. It has widely
 dispersed across much of the West Papuan lowlands, but little is known on
 population size and its role for the livelihoods of rural communities.
 Here, our aim was to assess the population status of rusa deer, and to
 investigate the extent of hunting practices on this mammal in West Papua.
 We conducted camera trapping and line transect surveys simultaneously to
 estimate rusa deer population abundance in the Kwoor basin of the Tambrauw
 regency, Papua Barat province, Indonesia. We also interviewed hunters (n =
 134), informants (n = 9) and households (n = 91) to assess hunting
 patterns and socioeconomic importance of rusa deer across fifteen
 districts of the Tambrauw regency. We estimated rusa deer density within a
 48 km² forested area at 10.34 (5.36–19.98) and 21.04 individuals/km² using
 line transect and N-mixture modeling approach using camera trapping data,
 respectively. Both density estimates are considerably higher than those
 from its native range in Java and Bali (0.08 individual/km²). Almost 92%
 of hunters reported that they hunted rusa deer in their traditional
 forests, being the most frequent amongst the 18 hunted species,
 particularly for commercial (62%) and subsistence (38%) purposes.
   Our results suggest that traditional hunting has become a
 significant livelihood activity and important income source in the study
 area. It is therefore imperative to identify potential management
 strategies on wildlife hunting while also considering that the high
 densities of introduced rusa deer may potentially exert adverse effects on
 native flora and fauna. This study further suggests that traditional
 knowledge (locally called ‘sasi’ system) and wildlife taboos still govern
 wildlife hunting and utilization of forest resources in West Papua, and
 these need to play a role in integrated community-based wildlife
 management.
description: Household meal surveys The meal surveys were conducted
 to determine the level of wild meat consumption by the communities. These
 surveys consisted of interviews with 91 households in 15 districts in
 Tambrauw region.  Each household was asked about the kinds of meals they
 prepared during a one-week period (n = 14 meals).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cfxpnvx68
title: Contributions of genetic and non-genetic sources to variation in cooperative behaviour in a cooperative mammal

description: The evolution of cooperative behaviour is a major area of research among
 evolutionary biologists and behavioural ecologists, yet there are few
 estimates of its heritability or of its evolutionary potential and
 long-term studies of identifiable individuals are required to disentangle
 genetic and non-genetic components of cooperative behaviour. Here we use
 long-term data on over 1800 individually recognisable wild meerkats
 (Suricata suricatta) collected over 30 years and a multi-generational
 genetic pedigree to partition phenotypic variation in three cooperative
 behaviours (babysitting, pup feeding and sentinel behaviour) into
 individual, additive genetic and other sources, and to assess their
 repeatability and heritability. In addition to strong effects of sex, age
 and dominance status, we found significant repeatability in individual
 contributions to all three types of cooperative behaviour both within and
 across breeding seasons. Like most other studies of the heritability of
 social behaviour, we found that the heritability of cooperative behaviour
 was low. However, our analysis suggests that a substantial component of
 the repeatable individual differences in cooperative behaviour that we
 observed was a consequence of additive genetic variation. Our results
 consequently indicate that cooperative behaviour can respond to selection,
 and suggest scope for further exploration of the genetic basis of social
 behaviour.
description: All information regarding collection and processing of data is
 included in the associated paper.
description: .csv files contain processed phenotypic data and
 individual/group-level information. .rds files are for
 the R processing environment. Those beginning 'ainv' contain
 relatedness information for animal models. Those beginning
 'mcmc' are stored MCMCglmm animal model runs.
 .R files are scripts for reproducing analyses in the paper
 ('Houslay-Evo-reproducemodels.R') and for reproducing the
 estimation of non-Gaussian heritabilities including fixed effects variance
 ('Houslay-Evo-EstnonGaussherit.R').
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qbc
title: Crotalaria gajureliana (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae): a new species from Maharashtra, India with glandular seeds

description: The new species Crotalaria gajureliana is described and illustrated. It
 was found in the Nashik district, Maharashtra state, India. Crotalaria
 gajureliana is a member of C. sect. Calycinae subsect. Diffusae and it is
 closely related to C. filipes. However, the presenceof hyaline,
 irregularly shaped glands throughout the seeds makes it unique within the
 genus. A key to the species of C. subsect. Diffusae in India is provided
 to facilitate identification.
description: The plant material was collected from Nashik district and novelty
 was confirmed by using regional floras, mannual and consulting type
 specimens and protologue of its related species i. e. <em>Crotalaria
 filipes</em>. The
 nomeclature of new species has been made by following the ICN
 rules.
 The type specimens of new species i. e.
 <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>gajureliana </i>will be
 diposited in mentioned herbaria after
 publication.