cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t6b85/1
title: Data from: The effect of kleptoparasite and host numbers on the risk of food-stealing in an avian assemblage

description: A .csv file containing two spreadsheets. The first ("kleptoparasite pressure") presents the binary outcome of oystercatcher foraging attempts in column M, along with 12 different measures of kleptoparasite pressure. The second sheet ("factors affect kleptoparasitism") presents the binary outcome of oystercatcher foraging attempts in column A, along with the following data associated with each individual-level observation: month, mussel bed, percentage of the tidal cycle elapsed, and the number of kleptoparasites per host. Further details on the collection of these data are given in the associated published paper in Journal of Avian Biology by Wood et al.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vm263/1
title: Astudillo-Clavijo et al. Geophagini_MCC_tree

description: This file contains a Newick-formatted Maximum Clade Credibility tree for the Neotropical cichlid tribe Geophagini. The tree has been pruned to include only those species used in the study and scaled to a total length of 1 to account for uncertainty in absolute ages. The file is readable in R Statistical Software and formatted for analyses with the R packages used in the study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vm263/2
title: Astudillo-Clavijo et al. Geophagini_1000_trees

description: This file contains 1000 Newik-formatted chronograms for the Neotropical cichlid tribe Geophagini. Trees have been pruned to include only those species used in the study and have been scaled to a total length of 1 to account for uncertainty in absolute ages. The files is readable in R Statistical Software and has been formatted for analyses with R packages used in the study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vm263/3
title: Astudillo-Clavijo et al. Geophagini body size data

description: This file contains the log-transformed body size (measured as standard length) data for Geophagine cichlid species used in the study. Species names have been formatted to match those in the MCC tree and 1000 trees (provided here) to conduct  body-size corrections of morphometric variables (provided here).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vm263/4
title: Astudillo-Clavijo et al. Geophagini swimming morphometric variables

description: This file contains the log-transformed swimming morphometric data for Geophagine cichlid species used in the study. Species names have been formatted to match those in the MCC tree and 1000 trees (provided here) for body-size correction and comparative analyses using the R packages noted in the study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1v243/1
title: Preference of native granivores for cheatgrass vs. native seeds

description: Preference of native granivores for seeds of  Bromus tectorum, Elymus elymoides, and Achnatherum hymenoides across 5 transects in the Great Basin
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1v243/2
title: Seed productivity in cheatgrass-invaded and non-invaded habitats

description: Primary productivity from seed rain across 3 paired cheatgrass-invaded and non-invaded transects in the Great Basin
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1v243/3
title: The effect of cheatgrass supplementation on small mammal communities

description: The effect of one year of experimental supplementation of three independent small mammal communities in the Great Basin with seeds of Bromus tectorum
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.23s51/1
title: SNP_dataset_for_Dryad

description: SNP data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.254s7/1
title: Competitive fitness data

description: This data file contains estimates of fitness and standard error from competition experiments. Mutations carried by each genotype can be found in the manuscript (Table A2). The protocol for the competition experiments is described in the manuscript. The column titled "assay_env" contains the environment that particular competition was carried out in (G = glucose, M = mannose, X = Xylose, A = MIX).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.35hs3/1
title: data_Pigeault et al 2015

description: Data were obtained in 14 different experiments. The data file was created with Microsoft Excel Open XML. Data were collected in laboratory.In the one hand, data concern the impact of plasmodium infection on its host and its vector. There are data on the variance in infection rate in bird, on the impact of plasmodium on bird anaemia. Regarding the impact of Plasmodium on mosquitoes, there are data on prevalence, parasite burden and the costs induced by Plasmodium on mosquitoes' fecundity and longevity.In the other hand, there are data on a time series regarding the evolution of birds' parasitaemia and gametocytemia maintained in laboratory since 5 years.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/1
title: Microsatellite genotypes of 375 Carcharhinus sorrah

description: This dataset includes 9 microsatellite genotypes from 375 Carcharhinus sorrah, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. 0 represents missing values.  Genemapper was used to read the length of each allele.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/2
title: Microsatellite genotypes of 287 Carcharhinus limbatus

description: This dataset includes 12 microsatellite genotypes from 287 Carcharhinus limbatus, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. 0 represents missing values.  Genemapper was used to read the length of each allele.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/3
title: Microsatellite genotypes of 294 Rhizoprionodon acutus

description: This dataset includes 8 microsatellite genotypes from 294 Rhizoprionodon acutus, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. 0 represents missing values.  Genemapper was used to read the length of each allele.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/4
title: Microsatellite genotypes of 233 Sphyrna lewini

description: This dataset includes 12 microsatellite genotypes from 233 Sphyrna lewini, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. 0 represents missing values.  Genemapper was used to read the length of each allele.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.56360.1
title: Data from: Intraspecific bionomic niche variation drives abundance-occupancy relationships in freshwater fish communities
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.56360.2/1.2
title: AFLP scores for each species (csv-files)

description: These spreadsheets (csv-files) contain the raw peak height data of AFLPs as described in the text. The top rows of each file contain replicate data. Each column is a particular AFLP locus, with Megabace dye and size indicated.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.56360.2/2.2
title: Stable Isotope data of N & C

description: Raw data of stable isotopes of N and C of all species. Read the README-file for information on abbrevations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.56360.2/3.2
title: Abundances and occupancies per species

description: Mean CPUE and occupancy for each species amon all 125 lakes or the subset of 11 lakes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.56360.2/4.2
title: Lake and fish data from 125 monitoring lakes in Sweden

description: Data on fish abundance from gill net monitoring and water chemistry and lake connectivity for the 125 monitoring lakes in Sweden
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5b568/3
title: cary_name_dict

description: Names translations for the tips in the homolog trees.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5b568/4
title: hym_name_dict

description: Hymentopera names in the homolog trees.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8q78n/1
title: Parasuchus Phylogenetic Analysis

description: TNT file used in the phylogenetic analysis of phytosaurs presented in this paper. Data consists of character-taxon matrix in TNT format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b32h9/1
title: Food availability modulates the effects of maternal antibodies on growth and immunity in young feral pigeons
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8d6m/6
title: Maximum Likelihood tree with full gene partition scheme
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8d6m/7
title: Maximum Likelihood tree with Gblocks and codon partition scheme
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8d6m/8
title: Maximum Likelihood tree with Gblocks and full gene partition scheme
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8d6m/9
title: Final DNA sequence used for phylogenetic inference
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2
title: Data from: Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/1.1
title: TableS1

description: List of studied species, with their ecological classifications (diet and farming behaviors) and their maximum standard length (SL). The origin of dissected specimens and Genbank number are also provided.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/2
title: TableS2

description: Model specific parameters for best-fitting models to each morphological trait. In cases where there were multiple best-fitting models (∆AIC &lt; 2), parameters for all models are given.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/3
title: TableS3

description: AIC scores and weights, and model specific parameters for models fitted to mandible and premaxilla shape data while accounting for measurement error.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/4
title: TableS4

description: Results from multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of shape across the three ecotypes of each major subclade (i.e. “Stegastinae + Lepidozigynae + Chrominae”, Abudefdufinae and Pomacentrinae).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/5
title: Figure_S1

description: Consensus phylogenetic tree of damselfishes. Node numbers indicate posterior probabilities.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/6
title: Figure_S2

description: TPS deformation grids depicting shape variation of (A) the mandible and (B) the premaxilla explained by the first three relative warps (minimal (-RW) and maximal (+RW) values)).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h8d0n/1
title: moore_jacobson_co2_d13C_meteo_data

description: This file contains hourly averages for concentrations and d13C of atmospheric CO2 measured in Evanston, IL from Aug. 2011 to early March 2012. Concentration and d13C values were measured with a Picarro G1101-i wavelength scanned-cavity ring down spectrometer. Wind direction, wind speed, and other supporting meteorological data are from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the US National Weather Service. For more information, see the ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jd7b9/1
title: Sponberg_et_al._Science_aaa3042_data

description: A zip file contain 9 csv data files and one readme.txt describing the data contents.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k4c21.1
title: Data from: Information-mediated Allee effects in breeding habitat selection
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k4c21.2
title: Data from: Information-mediated Allee effects in breeding habitat selection
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k4c21.2/1.2
title: Matlab code for the basic Allee model
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k4c21.2/2.2
title: Matlab code for the social prospecting model
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kk241/2
title: Fig2Data_Hannaetal
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kk241/3
title: Fig3Data_Hannaetal
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pb7j7/6
title: Figure 4d

description: Figure 4d. The quantitative data curves of immunohistochemical stain of VEGFin tumor-bearing mice treated with saline and cisplatin, respectively (n=3).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pb7j7/7
title: Figure S1

description: Figure S1. The phosphorescence intensity of tumor imaging of CT-26 xenografts after transplantation into BALB/c nude mice treated with saline and cisplatin with different dose or combined drug treatment. Saline (100 µL),cisplatin (3 mg/kg, 100 µL), anti-VEGF (5 mg/kg, 100µL) or combination (cisplatin 3 mg/kg+anti-VEGF 5 mg/kg, 100 µL).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pr10g/1
title: Simulations runner: software for simulation and analysis of Ne using programs LDNe, MNe, ONeSAMP, and TM3.1

description: These files enable the user to run simulations. Click on "Simulations" and the program opens and is ready to  use. Consult the User's Guide for more specific questions. The example input can be modified according to the # of loci and allele frequencies of the user's data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/1
title: Data

description: All cladograms, taxonomies and range data used in analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/2
title: Online appendix 1

description: Sources and details of all data sets used in analyses
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/3
title: Online Appendix 2

description: Methods flow chart
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5606/1
title: ConvexHulls

description: Minimum convex hull volumes for individual body segments of the Dreadnoughtus, Apatosaurus and Giraffatitan models.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh6pd/1
title: Sampling locations

description: This file contains the GPS sampling locations of all geographically measured Anthyllis vulneraria plants (N=730). Coordinates are given in both Lambert72 and in WGS84. Plant ID's correspond to those in the 'GenAlEx input file'.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh6pd/2
title: GenAlEx input file

description: This file contains the raw microsatellite (SSR) dataset for all sampled Anthyllis vulneraria individuals (N=896) in GenAlEx format. This file can be converted to other formats using the program GenAlEx.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh6pd/3
title: Spagedi input files

description: This file contains all eight input files used for the Spagedi analyses on the georeferenced Anthyllis vulneraria populations. This file contains both microsatellite (SSR) data and geographical location data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh6pd/4
title: Programita input files

description: This file contains all eight input files used for the Programita point-pattern analyses on the georeferenced Anthyllis vulneraria populations. This file contains geographical location data.
DOI: 10.7267/n9d798bg
title: Predicting Amorphous Metal Oxide Band Gaps: Rapid Band Gap Prediction of Amorphous Metal Oxides- 250 Stoichiometry Dataset
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0h4f8/1
title: popstick_physical_wide_150622

description: Physical response variables from the experiment (i.e. phosphorous, chla, GPP)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0h4f8/2
title: PopStick_communityMatrices_150622

description: Zooplankton, benthic invertebrate, and water column invertebrates from the Populus-stickleback experiment.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0q515/1
title: Alignment-of-Protoparmelia-s.str_Concated-6-loci_2015

description: Protoparmelia-s-sl_Concated-6-loci-Alignment_RPB1-MCM7-TSR1-NULSU-MTSSU-nrITS
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2k422/1
title: Traffic_offences_ICU_admission_study_dataset [2]sav

description: Data used for the analysis, anonymized for publication.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2mn50/1
title: B73_Mo17_extreme_allele_freq_matrix_3301371_SNPs_bias_correct_100bp_0.25_0.75_control_with_header

description: Genotype counts and frequencies for the filtered SNP set from pooled sequencing data from control plants and selected extremes for flowering time and plant height.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.461g6/2
title: Lie Markov model analysis with Mathematica

description: Various analyses of the Lie Markov models: Fourier-Motzkin elimination, nesting, equilibrium base frequencies, time reversibility, embeddability.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.461g6/3
title: PDF of Mathematica file

description: Mathematica file LieMarkov.nb printed out in PDF format, to provide some accessibility to those without Mathematica.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.461g6/7
title: Shell script to run likelihood analysis

description: Takes multiple days to run.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b58d/1
title: Kim_et_al_model_simulations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b58d/2
title: Kim_et_al_model_simulations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/5
title: MtDNA CR dataset for Carcharhinus sorrah

description: This dataset includes MtDNA CR sequences of 373 Carcharhinus sorrah, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. '-' indicates gaps. All haplotypes of this dataset are also deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: KR232989 - KR233003.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/6
title: MtDNA CR dataset for Carcharhinus limbatus

description: This dataset includes MtDNA CR sequences of 278 Carcharhinus limbatus, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. '-' indicates gaps. All haplotypes of this dataset are also deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: KR232957 - KR232963.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/7
title: MtDNA CR dataset for Rhizoprionodon acutus

description: This dataset includes MtDNA CR sequences of 294 Rhizoprionodon acutus, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. '-' indicates gaps. All haplotypes of this dataset are also deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: KR232957 - KR232981.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gk47/8
title: MtDNA CR dataset for Sphyrna lewini

description: This dataset includes MtDNA CR sequences of 231 Sphyrna lewini, collected during fish market surveys in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. '-' indicates gaps. All haplotypes of this dataset are also deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: KR232952 -  KR232956.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69ph0/1
title: Plant functional trait data: BCI

description: This file contains data on plant functional traits and spatial dispersion. Data were collected by Joe Wright and colleagues at Barro Colorado Island, Panama.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69ph0/2
title: Plant functional trait data: Kibale, Bukit Timah, PNM-SLPA

description: This file contains data on plant functional traits and spatial dispersion collected from Kibale, Uganda, Bukit Timah, Singapore, and PNM-SLPA, Panama. Data were collected by Nathaniel J. Dominy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6f4qs/2
title: Survival of ten tree species in the UK - raw data

description: Forest trees monitored included 10 species: Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore, ACERPS, Nsaplings = 16, Nadults = 41), Fraxinus excelsior, (European ash, FRAXEX, Nsaplings = 16, Nadults = 41), Quercus robur (Pedunculate oak, QUERRO, Nsaplings = 5, Nadults = 18), Fagus sylvatica, (European beech, FAGUSY, Nsaplings = 5, Nadults = 19), Corylus avellana (Common hazel, CORYAV, Nsaplings = 18, Nadults = 11), Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, CRATMO, Nsaplings = 8, Nadults = 13), Acer campestre (Field maple, ACERCA, Nsaplings = 0, Nadults = 13), Betula spp. (Birch, BETUSP, Nsaplings = 0, Nadults = 13), Salix spp. (Willow, SALISP, Nsaplings = 4, Nadults = 4), and Sambucus nigra (Elder, SAMBINI, Nsaplings = 12, Nadults = 11).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6h1s2/1
title: HCY promotes IR in HO and SHO
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.718q8/1
title: Polypore fungi on retention trees

description: Data include fungi occurrences on individual trees in two  retention levels in years 2003,2005 and 2011.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8hm4p/1
title: Sitta_FASTQ

description: FASTq sequences for all individuals used in the study (part 1/3).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8hm4p/2
title: Sitta_FASTQ2

description: FASTq sequences for all individuals used in the study (part 2/3).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8hm4p/3
title: Sitta_FASTQ3

description: FASTq sequences for all individuals used in the study (part 3/3).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8hm4p/4
title: bayenv2 files

description: BayEnv2 input and output files. sitta4.env and sitta7.env are environment files for max. temp. of warmest month and min. precip. of driest month for each population. bf_environ files are the output of the program. Also included is the SNP frequency matrix, a file to link SNPs with their locus name, and the covariance matrix calculated in BayEnv2.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8hm4p/5
title: bayescan files

description: Infile and output from BayeScan analyses. Also included is a file associating SNPs with their locus names.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8k0g5/3
title: AFLP_data

description: Binary matrix of nuclear AFLP loci which were generated using a modification of the method of Vos et al. 1995 as applied by Herder et al. 2006. The following 20 MseI/EcoRI primer pairs were used for selective amplification of fragments: AGG*-CTG; ACA*-CAA; ACA*-CTG; ACT*-CAA; AGG*-CTC; ACC*-CTA; ACT*-CAG; ACC*-CAT; AGG*-CTA; ACA*-CAT; ACT*-CTG; ACC*-CAG; ACT*-CTT; AGC*-CTC; AGG*-CAA; AGC*-CAC; AGG*-CTT; AGC*-CAG, ACT*-CAC, ACC*-CTC. Bands were visualized on an AB 3130 sequencer (Applied Biosystems) with size standard ROX 500XL. The Genemapper® v. 4.0. software (Applied Biosystems) was used for automatically scoring peaks between 50 and 499 bases for presence/absence. Three individuals were double genotyped to assess error rates. To correct for standard error of automated sequencers a bin correction was applied to the dataset following Schwarzer et al. 2011.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9rt57/1
title: Appendix_Teno_2012_env&coord

description: Environmental and spatial coordinate data for 55 stream sites in the River Tenojoki basin.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9rt57/2
title: Appendix_Teno_2012_spe

description: Site-by-species dataset for the insects found in the 55 stream sites in the River Tenojoki Basin.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.1
title: Data from: Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/7
title: Figure_S3

description: Levels of shape disparity (Mean ± SE) within the main subclades of Pomacentridae. Letters refer to subclades: S, Stegastinae; L, Lepidoziginae; A, Abudefdufinae; C, Chrominae; P, Pomacentrinae.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/8
title: AppendixS1

description: Descriptions of methods for molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstruction.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1c18.2/9
title: AppendixS2

description: Descriptions of methods for modeling of trait evolution while accounting for measurement error and related major conclusions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j4f19/1
title: Repository for Using Decision Trees to Understand Structure in Missing Data

description: In this datafile we have a compressed file that contains almost everything you need to entirely recreate the figure. For instructions as to how to do this, please see the README.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jf35g/1
title: Relaxed Fiber Before Treatment 1

description: This is data from the 600A Digital Controller (Aurora Scientific Inc.) for a relaxed muscle fiber experiencing sinusoidal oscillations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jf35g/2
title: Relaxed Fiber Before Treatment 2

description: This is data from the 600A Digital Controller (Aurora Scientific Inc.) for a relaxed muscle fiber experiencing sinusoidal oscillations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/10
title: Additional Figures

description: Additional figures as mentioned in manuscript. Includes p-values for phylogenetic signal analysis, results of extended range analyses and results of OU model analysis with alpha proportional to tree height
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/11
title: Results
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/5
title: Script

description: Script of R code used to run all the analyses
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/7
title: ExampleTaxonomy

description: An example taxonomy in the correct format to be converted to a cladogram in R using the function provided in the file tax2tree.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/8
title: tax2tree

description: R script of function to convert a taxonomy in the format shown in the file ExampleTaxonomy.txt, to a cladogram in Newick format
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt3qm/9
title: Online appendix 3

description: Methods and results from analyses of phylogenetic clustering of extinction
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4n35/1
title: wildtype cells grown in 0%, 0.01%, 0.1% or 0.2% glucose

description: This .nd2 file can be viewed with the Nikon Viewer, available at http://www.nikoninstruments.com/Products/Software/NIS-Elements-Advanced-Research/NIS-Elements-Viewer.  The file contains 80 fields of view (FOVs), images were taken every 10 minutes. The data corresponds to figures 1A, 1B and 1C. Wildtype cells were grown in SC media supplemented with either no glucose (FOV 1 to 20, up to timepoint 144), 0.01% glucose (FOV 21 to 40), 0.1% glucose (FOV 41 to 60) or 0.2% glucose (FOV 61 to 80).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4n35/2
title: wildtype cells grown 2% glucose

description: Wildtype cells grown in SC with 2% glucose. Fields of view 27 to 41. Images were taken every 10 minutes. Corresponds to figure 1B, 1C.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4n35/3
title: Transporterless cells with sensors in 0% glucose

description: Transporterless cells with sensors were grown in 0% glucose. Fields of view 1 to 20. Images were taken every 10 minutes.