cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283395
title: EVALUATION OF FORWARDER WOOD EXTRACTION COST OF OPERATION

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the costs of the activity of timber extraction done by forwarders until approximately 30,000 work hours. We used 7 John Deere forwarders, model 1710D with 160 kW engine power. A database provided by a forestry company located in the state of Minas Gerais was used, containing all the information necessary for calculating the operating cost of the machines and for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. The operating cost was obtained by the sum of the fixed and variable costs. For the sensitivity analysis a variation ± 20% of the most representative elements of the total cost of the machine was performed. The result obtained for the average operating cost of the forwarder was US$ 147.80 h-1. Costs for repairs and maintenance, labor, fuel, and depreciation represented approximately 90% of the total cost of the machine. A 10% reduction in their values resulted in a savings of approximately 9% in all years evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283392.v1
title: DIAMETRIC SITE INDEX: AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO ESTIMATE SITE QUALITY IN Nothofagus obliqua AND N. alpina FORESTS

description: ABSTRAT The first step for constructing models of tree growth and yield is site quality assessment. To estimate this attribute, several methodologies are available in which site index (SI) is a standard one. However, this approach, that uses height at a reference age of trees, can be simplified if age is replaced by another reference variable easier to measure. In this case, the diametric site index (DSI) represents the mean height of dominant trees at a reference mean diameter at breast height. The aim of this work was to develop DSI in pure and mixed Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua forests, and compare these models with the classical proposals based on height-age variables, within the temperate forest of northwestern Patagonia from Argentina, South America. Data originated from temporary plots and stem analyses were used. Tree age and diameter at breast height were obtained from each plot and used for establishing DSI family functions, following the guide-curve methodology. Site classes were proportionally represented among DSI curves of 17.0, 21.5, 26.0, 30.5 and 35.0 m of dominant tree height. Reference diameter instead of reference age can be cautiously used in order to fit site index models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283395.v1
title: EVALUATION OF FORWARDER WOOD EXTRACTION COST OF OPERATION

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the costs of the activity of timber extraction done by forwarders until approximately 30,000 work hours. We used 7 John Deere forwarders, model 1710D with 160 kW engine power. A database provided by a forestry company located in the state of Minas Gerais was used, containing all the information necessary for calculating the operating cost of the machines and for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. The operating cost was obtained by the sum of the fixed and variable costs. For the sensitivity analysis a variation ± 20% of the most representative elements of the total cost of the machine was performed. The result obtained for the average operating cost of the forwarder was US$ 147.80 h-1. Costs for repairs and maintenance, labor, fuel, and depreciation represented approximately 90% of the total cost of the machine. A 10% reduction in their values resulted in a savings of approximately 9% in all years evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283398
title: STRATEGIES FOR STEM MEASUREMENT SAMPLING: A STATISTICAL APPROACH OF MODELLING INDIVIDUAL TREE VOLUME

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to evaluate different criteria for stem measurement sampling and to identify the criterion with best performance for developing individual tree volume equations. Data were collected in eucalyptus stands 58 to 65 months old. Schumacher-Hall model was applied using five sampling criteria with nine variations (45 in total): 1) number of trees per diameter class, being (a) fixed number, (b) proportional to the diameter class of the sample, or (c) proportional to the standard deviation of the sample; and 2) the width of the diameter class, which ranged from 1.0 up to 5.0 cm. We used the equations generated from each of the five sampling criteria to estimate stem volume of trees reserved for validation. This allowed us to obtain standard errors of estimates from this data-set. In addition, residuals of volume estimates were examined by means of statistical tests of bias, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. Better performances of volume equations occurred when smaller diameter class widths were used, i.e., when the sample size increased. There was no clear trend in increasing/decreasing residual autocorrelation and/or heteroscedasticity. Both methods of sampling proportional to the frequency of diameter class had the best performances, inclusive using only 36 trees. The ones where choice of trees was proportional to the standard deviation had the worst. In conclusion, the selection proportional to the frequency of the diameter class, under the condition that at least two trees per class are sampled, provides models statistically better than all the other criteria.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283401
title: CLONAL FORESTRY OF Piptocarpha angustifolia: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH VIGOR IN FIELD CONDITIONS

description: ABSTRACT Piptocarpha angustifolia is a potential native species for Brazilian forestry. However, a lot of challenges and technical constraints persist, hindering its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among them, the lack of evaluation of their survival and growth in field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the survival and growth vigor of Piptocarpha angustifolia according to two initial heights of mini-cuttings at planting. Plants from mini-cuttings with 20 ± 5 cm and 40 ± 5 cm were planted in field using 3 × 2 m spacing. In these, we evaluated the survival, base diameter and total height during 24 months. The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design in a split plot model. Plants of 20 ± 5 cm are superior in survival to 40 ± 5 cm ones. The growth in height and diameter remained constant up to 24 months, reaching 64.1 cm and 13.5 mm, independently of the plants expedition time. In general, the establishment of clonal plantation of Piptocarpha angustifolia was limited by the attack of pests, mainly cutting ants. For this reason, plantation of this species must take into account the possibility of greater pest control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283401.v1
title: CLONAL FORESTRY OF Piptocarpha angustifolia: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH VIGOR IN FIELD CONDITIONS

description: ABSTRACT Piptocarpha angustifolia is a potential native species for Brazilian forestry. However, a lot of challenges and technical constraints persist, hindering its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among them, the lack of evaluation of their survival and growth in field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the survival and growth vigor of Piptocarpha angustifolia according to two initial heights of mini-cuttings at planting. Plants from mini-cuttings with 20 ± 5 cm and 40 ± 5 cm were planted in field using 3 × 2 m spacing. In these, we evaluated the survival, base diameter and total height during 24 months. The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design in a split plot model. Plants of 20 ± 5 cm are superior in survival to 40 ± 5 cm ones. The growth in height and diameter remained constant up to 24 months, reaching 64.1 cm and 13.5 mm, independently of the plants expedition time. In general, the establishment of clonal plantation of Piptocarpha angustifolia was limited by the attack of pests, mainly cutting ants. For this reason, plantation of this species must take into account the possibility of greater pest control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283402
title: FORESTRY RESTORATION IN ABANDONED PASTURES OF Urochloa BY DIFFERENT SIZES OF BRUSHWOOD

description: ABSTRACT The brushwood is a technique of environmental complexation, which consists in the use of plant residues. This technique, when well established technically, can exert influence on seedbed quality, fostering native plant establishment and ecosystem restoration. In this way, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of brushwood for the induction of natural regeneration of native species in an area covered by exotic inhibitory grasses of the genus Urochloa, as well as check the minimum size required to prevent the re-invasion of the forage. As a hypothesis, we adopted the minimum width of 4 m as sufficient for the establishment of natural regeneration prior to the reoccupation of grasses. The experiment was conducted between May 2014 and May 2016 in Morretes-PR in a lowland evergreen rain forest area. Seven different sizes of brushwood were compared: 6 x 1, 6 x 2, 6 x 3, 6 x 4, 6 x 5, 6 x 6 m and control treatment. Woody species were identified and counted and herbaceous cover percentage estimated after 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months. There was no resumption of natural succession of native species. At any size, brushwood alone was ineffective to prevent the growth by grasses from the edges of the plots, and, since it constitutes a residue pile, it further complicates the establishment of woody species. For the creation of safe sites and consequent restoration by natural regeneration, there is a need for local elimination of Urochloa forages, without which native species are unlikely to survive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283402.v1
title: FORESTRY RESTORATION IN ABANDONED PASTURES OF Urochloa BY DIFFERENT SIZES OF BRUSHWOOD

description: ABSTRACT The brushwood is a technique of environmental complexation, which consists in the use of plant residues. This technique, when well established technically, can exert influence on seedbed quality, fostering native plant establishment and ecosystem restoration. In this way, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of brushwood for the induction of natural regeneration of native species in an area covered by exotic inhibitory grasses of the genus Urochloa, as well as check the minimum size required to prevent the re-invasion of the forage. As a hypothesis, we adopted the minimum width of 4 m as sufficient for the establishment of natural regeneration prior to the reoccupation of grasses. The experiment was conducted between May 2014 and May 2016 in Morretes-PR in a lowland evergreen rain forest area. Seven different sizes of brushwood were compared: 6 x 1, 6 x 2, 6 x 3, 6 x 4, 6 x 5, 6 x 6 m and control treatment. Woody species were identified and counted and herbaceous cover percentage estimated after 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months. There was no resumption of natural succession of native species. At any size, brushwood alone was ineffective to prevent the growth by grasses from the edges of the plots, and, since it constitutes a residue pile, it further complicates the establishment of woody species. For the creation of safe sites and consequent restoration by natural regeneration, there is a need for local elimination of Urochloa forages, without which native species are unlikely to survive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283398.v1
title: STRATEGIES FOR STEM MEASUREMENT SAMPLING: A STATISTICAL APPROACH OF MODELLING INDIVIDUAL TREE VOLUME

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to evaluate different criteria for stem measurement sampling and to identify the criterion with best performance for developing individual tree volume equations. Data were collected in eucalyptus stands 58 to 65 months old. Schumacher-Hall model was applied using five sampling criteria with nine variations (45 in total): 1) number of trees per diameter class, being (a) fixed number, (b) proportional to the diameter class of the sample, or (c) proportional to the standard deviation of the sample; and 2) the width of the diameter class, which ranged from 1.0 up to 5.0 cm. We used the equations generated from each of the five sampling criteria to estimate stem volume of trees reserved for validation. This allowed us to obtain standard errors of estimates from this data-set. In addition, residuals of volume estimates were examined by means of statistical tests of bias, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. Better performances of volume equations occurred when smaller diameter class widths were used, i.e., when the sample size increased. There was no clear trend in increasing/decreasing residual autocorrelation and/or heteroscedasticity. Both methods of sampling proportional to the frequency of diameter class had the best performances, inclusive using only 36 trees. The ones where choice of trees was proportional to the standard deviation had the worst. In conclusion, the selection proportional to the frequency of the diameter class, under the condition that at least two trees per class are sampled, provides models statistically better than all the other criteria.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/oiajvo/abwgqj
title: diagnostic_retrieval.tif

description: SICE version: Cloud removed, PPGC, SNAP7, pySICEv1.4
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283405.v1
title: MODELING OF THE COMMERCIAL VOLUME STOCK IN AN OMBROPHILOUS FOREST IN THE SOUTHWEST OF THE AMAZON

description: ABSTRACT The abundance of tree species in tropical rainforests with different shapes and dimensions, as well as the great structural diversity, makes difficult the employment of form factors or equations to estimate individual volumes. However, the employment of equations at the population level makes possible to predict the volumetric stock per unit of area from forest attributes, excluding the necessity of individual tree volume evaluation. Thereby, the aim of this study was to select variables, fit statistical models and propose stand equations to estimate total and exploitable commercial volumes in an Amazon forest under concession regime. For this, variables commonly measured, like density and basal area, were inserted on traditional commercial volume models; besides the application of variables that considered the diversity and forest structure on models generated by the Stepwise process. After analysis, it was observed that the models obtained through Stepwise propitiated more precise estimation of the volumetric stock, reducing estimation errors and reducing problems with heteroscedasticity of residuals. The insertion of variables that express diversity and forest structure on the equations, like Shannon’s and diametric variation indices and the commercial trees ratio, contribute to predictions’ improvement, especially for the exploitable commercial volume, being recommended for the precise evaluation of timber potential of areas under Amazon forest concession.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283408
title: FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND ITS ATTRIBUTE FACTORS IN THE YUNMENG MOUNTAIN NATIONAL FOREST PARK IN BEIJING, CHINA

description: ABSTRACT The interaction of diversity with environmental gradients is an important topic in ecology. This study investigated the pattern of change in functional diversity in forest communities along an altitudinal gradient in Yunmeng Mountain National Forest Park, China. Forty-two quadrats measuring 10 x 10 m in the forest communities were set up along this altitudinal gradient; plant species, traits and environmental variables were measured and recorded. Six functional diversity indices, namely, Modified functional attribute diversity (MFAD), Functional diversity plot-based dendrogram index (FDp), Functional diversity community-based dendrogram index (FDc), Functional evenness (FEve), Functional divergence (FDiv) and Functional dispersion (FDis), were used to calculate functional diversity. The results showed that functional diversity varied greatly in forest communities in the Yunmeng Mountain Forest Park. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with elevation and slope position and somewhat correlated with soil depth. Functional diversity increased with an increase in the elevation and decreased as the slope position changed from valley bottom to hill ridge. Functional diversity was closely related to species richness. The six functional diversity indices were all applicable to functional diversity studies of forest communities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283405
title: MODELING OF THE COMMERCIAL VOLUME STOCK IN AN OMBROPHILOUS FOREST IN THE SOUTHWEST OF THE AMAZON

description: ABSTRACT The abundance of tree species in tropical rainforests with different shapes and dimensions, as well as the great structural diversity, makes difficult the employment of form factors or equations to estimate individual volumes. However, the employment of equations at the population level makes possible to predict the volumetric stock per unit of area from forest attributes, excluding the necessity of individual tree volume evaluation. Thereby, the aim of this study was to select variables, fit statistical models and propose stand equations to estimate total and exploitable commercial volumes in an Amazon forest under concession regime. For this, variables commonly measured, like density and basal area, were inserted on traditional commercial volume models; besides the application of variables that considered the diversity and forest structure on models generated by the Stepwise process. After analysis, it was observed that the models obtained through Stepwise propitiated more precise estimation of the volumetric stock, reducing estimation errors and reducing problems with heteroscedasticity of residuals. The insertion of variables that express diversity and forest structure on the equations, like Shannon’s and diametric variation indices and the commercial trees ratio, contribute to predictions’ improvement, especially for the exploitable commercial volume, being recommended for the precise evaluation of timber potential of areas under Amazon forest concession.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283408.v1
title: FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND ITS ATTRIBUTE FACTORS IN THE YUNMENG MOUNTAIN NATIONAL FOREST PARK IN BEIJING, CHINA

description: ABSTRACT The interaction of diversity with environmental gradients is an important topic in ecology. This study investigated the pattern of change in functional diversity in forest communities along an altitudinal gradient in Yunmeng Mountain National Forest Park, China. Forty-two quadrats measuring 10 x 10 m in the forest communities were set up along this altitudinal gradient; plant species, traits and environmental variables were measured and recorded. Six functional diversity indices, namely, Modified functional attribute diversity (MFAD), Functional diversity plot-based dendrogram index (FDp), Functional diversity community-based dendrogram index (FDc), Functional evenness (FEve), Functional divergence (FDiv) and Functional dispersion (FDis), were used to calculate functional diversity. The results showed that functional diversity varied greatly in forest communities in the Yunmeng Mountain Forest Park. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with elevation and slope position and somewhat correlated with soil depth. Functional diversity increased with an increase in the elevation and decreased as the slope position changed from valley bottom to hill ridge. Functional diversity was closely related to species richness. The six functional diversity indices were all applicable to functional diversity studies of forest communities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283410
title: DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BAMBOO (Bambusa vulgaris) FOR PESTICIDE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

description: ABSTRACT Considering the water scarcity problems facing many countries, the need for water reuse can make activated carbon (AC) an essential product for modern society. In this context, to contribute with better activated carbons that could be used to serve in water treatment, this article discusses these materials production, using bamboo as raw material, and analyses their application effectiveness. The bamboo was collected, transformed into activated carbon, by simultaneous chemical and physical activations, and named H3PO4/H2OAC. The obtained material was characterized by its yield, apparent density, ash content, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, methylene blue and iodine indexes, pH and point of zero charge analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Boehm titration method. The AC was used as adsorbent for removing the metribuzin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and furadan pesticides. The H3PO4/H2OAC had a surface area of 1196.30 m².g-1 and the obtained adsorption capacity was elevated for furadan (868.98 mg.g-1), metribuzin (756.47 mg.g-1) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (274.70 mg.g-1).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666581
title: QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

description: ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5666581.v1
title: QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

description: ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.