cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12854174
title: Guide to the Odonata of central Ñeembucú, Paraguay: indicator species of wetland habitats

description: The department of Ñeembucú, in south-western Paraguay, is home to the virtually unexplored Ñeembucú Wetlands, the second largest wetland system in the country, representing a major gap in biodiversity knowledge. As organisms ubiquitous with wetlands, the Odonata, or dragonflies (Anisoptera) and damselflies (Zygoptera), have the potential to be effective indicators of wetland habitats in the face of increasing anthropogenic impacts in the region. We therefore comprehensively surveyed the Odonata in central Ñeembucú over a period of two years using a listing method. Here, we present an annotated checklist and identification key to the species present in central Ñeembucú with details on their habitat preferences, phenology and behaviour. We found 60 species but estimate a total of between 62 and 90 species. Eleven (18%) are new records for Paraguay. Species composition is similar to the Argentine Humid Chaco, with four bioregional endemics, whilst representatives from the Andean-Patagonian subregion are present in open areas. Such partitioning of species from different bioregions into different habitats is typical of ecotonal regions. Two further species are endemic to the Paraná-Paraguay basin and three are highly localised, indicating the high conservation value of the Ñeembucú Wetlands. Eleven species have the potential to be effective indicators of the Paraguay River, large permanent wetlands, grassy temporary wetlands and wooded temporary wetlands, providing an effective tool to identify critical wetland ecosystems in the face of the growing threats from human activities. We also provide recommendations for the protection and management of wetlands in the region. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC5926FE-5007-446C-86B8-0E36E4D97856
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12854174.v1
title: Guide to the Odonata of central Ñeembucú, Paraguay: indicator species of wetland habitats

description: The department of Ñeembucú, in south-western Paraguay, is home to the virtually unexplored Ñeembucú Wetlands, the second largest wetland system in the country, representing a major gap in biodiversity knowledge. As organisms ubiquitous with wetlands, the Odonata, or dragonflies (Anisoptera) and damselflies (Zygoptera), have the potential to be effective indicators of wetland habitats in the face of increasing anthropogenic impacts in the region. We therefore comprehensively surveyed the Odonata in central Ñeembucú over a period of two years using a listing method. Here, we present an annotated checklist and identification key to the species present in central Ñeembucú with details on their habitat preferences, phenology and behaviour. We found 60 species but estimate a total of between 62 and 90 species. Eleven (18%) are new records for Paraguay. Species composition is similar to the Argentine Humid Chaco, with four bioregional endemics, whilst representatives from the Andean-Patagonian subregion are present in open areas. Such partitioning of species from different bioregions into different habitats is typical of ecotonal regions. Two further species are endemic to the Paraná-Paraguay basin and three are highly localised, indicating the high conservation value of the Ñeembucú Wetlands. Eleven species have the potential to be effective indicators of the Paraguay River, large permanent wetlands, grassy temporary wetlands and wooded temporary wetlands, providing an effective tool to identify critical wetland ecosystems in the face of the growing threats from human activities. We also provide recommendations for the protection and management of wetlands in the region. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC5926FE-5007-446C-86B8-0E36E4D97856
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8247380
title: Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area, northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting

description: Eocene intermediate to felsic plutons of different sizes and compositions are widespread in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt in northern Turkey. Of these, the Taşlık Tepe pluton in the Havza (Samsun) area is fine-to-medium-grained, with granular, porphyritic, and micrographic textures, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded emplacement ages of 42.9 (± 1.4) and 40.5 (± 1.3) Ma for the host granodioritic pluton and the dioritic MMEs, respectively. Petrochemically, the host pluton has I-type, high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous-to-slightly peraluminous features (A/CNK = 0.95–1.06). The host pluton also shows geochemical features of adakite-like rocks with high SiO<sub>2</sub> (67–68 wt%) and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (15.5–16.0 wt%) content and Ba/La (17–23), Sr/Y (40.7–61.6), and La<sub>N</sub>/Yb<sub>N</sub> (14.4–23.7) ratios and low Y (8.2–9.9 ppm) and Yb<sub>N</sub> (3.1–4.4) contents. Whole-rock major and trace element variations suggest that fractional crystallisation played a significant role in the pluton evolution. The N-MORB normalised trace element patterns of the pluton are similar to those of MMEs with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, Th and Ce, and negative Nb and Ti anomalies. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element plots show moderate-to-highly enriched concave patterns (La<sub>N</sub>/Lu<sub>N</sub> = 14.2–21.6) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies (Eu<sub>N</sub>/Eu* = 0.86–1.14), all of which imply hornblende fractionation during magmatic evolution. The pluton samples have <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios of 0.704767 to 0.704927, <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd ratios of 0.512767–0.512774, εNd values of (+2.52) – (+2.65), and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of 7.9–9.7‰. The isotopic compositions of the host pluton and MMEs are similar to I-type granitoids derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. Combined with regional studies, these new data suggest that the parental magma of the studied adakite-like pluton was generated from the lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation and assimilation in a post-collisional setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8247380.v1
title: Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area, northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting

description: Eocene intermediate to felsic plutons of different sizes and compositions are widespread in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt in northern Turkey. Of these, the Taşlık Tepe pluton in the Havza (Samsun) area is fine-to-medium-grained, with granular, porphyritic, and micrographic textures, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded emplacement ages of 42.9 (± 1.4) and 40.5 (± 1.3) Ma for the host granodioritic pluton and the dioritic MMEs, respectively. Petrochemically, the host pluton has I-type, high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous-to-slightly peraluminous features (A/CNK = 0.95–1.06). The host pluton also shows geochemical features of adakite-like rocks with high SiO<sub>2</sub> (67–68 wt%) and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (15.5–16.0 wt%) content and Ba/La (17–23), Sr/Y (40.7–61.6), and La<sub>N</sub>/Yb<sub>N</sub> (14.4–23.7) ratios and low Y (8.2–9.9 ppm) and Yb<sub>N</sub> (3.1–4.4) contents. Whole-rock major and trace element variations suggest that fractional crystallisation played a significant role in the pluton evolution. The N-MORB normalised trace element patterns of the pluton are similar to those of MMEs with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, Th and Ce, and negative Nb and Ti anomalies. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element plots show moderate-to-highly enriched concave patterns (La<sub>N</sub>/Lu<sub>N</sub> = 14.2–21.6) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies (Eu<sub>N</sub>/Eu* = 0.86–1.14), all of which imply hornblende fractionation during magmatic evolution. The pluton samples have <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios of 0.704767 to 0.704927, <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd ratios of 0.512767–0.512774, εNd values of (+2.52) – (+2.65), and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of 7.9–9.7‰. The isotopic compositions of the host pluton and MMEs are similar to I-type granitoids derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. Combined with regional studies, these new data suggest that the parental magma of the studied adakite-like pluton was generated from the lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation and assimilation in a post-collisional setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8425775
title: U-Pb-Hf isotopic data from detrital zircons in late Carboniferous and Mid-Late Triassic sandstones, and also Carboniferous granites from the Tauride and Anatolide continental units in S Turkey: implications for Tethyan palaeogeography

description: Zircons from Carboniferous sandstones (three samples) and Mid-Late Triassic sandstones (four samples) from the Tauride and Anatolide continental units were analysed for U-Pb-Hf isotopes. For comparison, zircons were also analysed from Carboniferous granites of the Afyon Zone, Anatolides (three samples). A NE African/Arabian source is inferred for both the Carboniferous sandstones of the Taurides (Aladağ) and the Anatolides (Konya Complex). In contrast, the Carboniferous Karaburun Melange is characterised by a NW African provenance. A prominent Devonian population occurs in the Carboniferous Karaburun Melange, characterised by mainly positive ε<sub>Hf(t)</sub> values that differ significantly from those of the Devonian granites of the Sakarya continental crustal unit (Pontides). Middle-Late Triassic Tauride sandstones include minor Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic zircons. In contrast, Devonian and Carboniferous zircons are relatively abundant in Late Triassic sandstones of the Karaburun Peninsula. The Hf isotopic compositions of 25 Carboniferous-aged zircons from three samples of Mid-Late Triassic sandstone and one of Late Carboniferous age (one sample) overlap with the ε<sub>Hf(t)</sub> values of Carboniferous arc-type granites in the Anatolides. Taking account of the available U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic data from comparative crustal units, the Devonian zircon populations from the melanges in the Karaburun Peninsula and the Konya Complex are inferred to have a westerly source (e.g. granitic rocks of Aegean region or central Europe). A tectonic model is proposed in which Palaeozoic Tethys sutured during the late Carboniferous in the west (Aegean region westwards), leaving an eastward-widening oceanic gulf in which sandstone turbidites accumulated, including Devonian zircons.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11467194
title: Post-collisional denudation of an orogenic belt traced from geochronological and bulk-rock geochemical records of the western Korean Peninsula

description: The western Korean Peninsula preserves evidence for multiple Proterozoic to Phanerozoic orogenic processes along the convergent continental margins. After the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic collisional stage within the long-lived tectonic Wilson cycles, the area underwent post-collisional extensional tectonics, creating the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic basins on top of the collisional orogenic belt. Here, we present the LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of detrital zircons and bulk-rock geochemical data from post-collisional basin fills (viz., the Nampo and Gimpo groups and the Seokmun Formation) and the overlying volcano-sedimentary sequence (Oseosan Volcanic Complex). Our results suggest that (1) the Nampo Group was supplied with detritus mainly from nearby felsic igneous rocks or geochemically equivalent migmatitic basement gneisses, while the Gimpo Group and Seokmun Formation were predominantly sourced from (meta-)sedimentary rocks, likely reflecting their structural positions in the orogenic belt in terms of the exhumed basement-dominant hinterland side vs. the cover rock-dominant foreland side of the mountain belt; (2) the ages of the youngest zircon group in the Nampo Group and the overlying Oseosan Volcanic Complex (ca. 1854 age peak in the lowermost unit and ca. 164 Ma age peak in the uppermost unit) tend to approach the sedimentation ages with ascending stratigraphic order, indicating a transition from a collisional to a convergent tectonic setting during sedimentation. The results from this study provides important insights into the sedimentary response to the evolution of the collisional orogenic belt along the western Korean Peninsula and elucidates the Mesozoic tectonic transition from collisional (closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean) to convergent (subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean) processes in the Far East Asian continental margin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11467194.v1
title: Post-collisional denudation of an orogenic belt traced from geochronological and bulk-rock geochemical records of the western Korean Peninsula

description: The western Korean Peninsula preserves evidence for multiple Proterozoic to Phanerozoic orogenic processes along the convergent continental margins. After the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic collisional stage within the long-lived tectonic Wilson cycles, the area underwent post-collisional extensional tectonics, creating the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic basins on top of the collisional orogenic belt. Here, we present the LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of detrital zircons and bulk-rock geochemical data from post-collisional basin fills (viz., the Nampo and Gimpo groups and the Seokmun Formation) and the overlying volcano-sedimentary sequence (Oseosan Volcanic Complex). Our results suggest that (1) the Nampo Group was supplied with detritus mainly from nearby felsic igneous rocks or geochemically equivalent migmatitic basement gneisses, while the Gimpo Group and Seokmun Formation were predominantly sourced from (meta-)sedimentary rocks, likely reflecting their structural positions in the orogenic belt in terms of the exhumed basement-dominant hinterland side vs. the cover rock-dominant foreland side of the mountain belt; (2) the ages of the youngest zircon group in the Nampo Group and the overlying Oseosan Volcanic Complex (ca. 1854 age peak in the lowermost unit and ca. 164 Ma age peak in the uppermost unit) tend to approach the sedimentation ages with ascending stratigraphic order, indicating a transition from a collisional to a convergent tectonic setting during sedimentation. The results from this study provides important insights into the sedimentary response to the evolution of the collisional orogenic belt along the western Korean Peninsula and elucidates the Mesozoic tectonic transition from collisional (closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean) to convergent (subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean) processes in the Far East Asian continental margin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11365343
title: Tectonic mechanism and evolution of eastern China during the Early Cretaceous: a view from magmatism in the middle to Southern Tan-Lu fault zone

description: Mesozoic magmatic rocks are widely distributed in and around the Tan-Lu fault zone (TLF) and show great significance related to the destruction processes of the lithosphere and the evolution of magma sources. This study aims to decipher the petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous magmatism along the TLF, in order to address the tectonic mechanism for the North China Craton (NCC) lithospheric destruction. This contribution combines investigations of geochemistry, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and O-Hf isotopes of the intermediate to felsic rocks from middle-southern TLF with previous geochronological and geochemical characteristics of other rocks from the study area. Four different rocks are identified: high Mg<sup>#</sup> adakitic rocks (HMA), low Mg<sup>#</sup> adakitic rocks (LMA), normal intermediate-felsic rocks (NIF) and A-type granitoids. The emplacement time of the LMA rocks in the Dabie area (143 Ma) were earlier than in the Sulu area (130 Ma). The HMA rocks were formed at the same time (~135 Ma) in the above two areas but the magmatism lasted longer in Jiaodong area, which was near the subduction zone of the Paleo-pacific plate. The HMA rocks are concluded to be derived from the melting of a delaminated thickened lower crust and including reaction with overlying mantle. After 135 Ma, the magmatism in this area exhibited an eastward-younging trend, consistent with plate retreat in the Early Cretaceous. Plutons that were emplaced during 135–125 Ma have higher Ba/Th, Ba/La and Ce/Pb, suggesting magma source for these rocks was metasomatized by hydrous fluids from the subducted plate. At ~125 Ma, A-type granitoids began to be formed. The TLF acted as a favourable channel for transporting mantle material and fluids which made the lithosphere in this area more likely to be destroyed and thinned.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11365343.v1
title: Tectonic mechanism and evolution of eastern China during the Early Cretaceous: a view from magmatism in the middle to Southern Tan-Lu fault zone

description: Mesozoic magmatic rocks are widely distributed in and around the Tan-Lu fault zone (TLF) and show great significance related to the destruction processes of the lithosphere and the evolution of magma sources. This study aims to decipher the petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous magmatism along the TLF, in order to address the tectonic mechanism for the North China Craton (NCC) lithospheric destruction. This contribution combines investigations of geochemistry, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and O-Hf isotopes of the intermediate to felsic rocks from middle-southern TLF with previous geochronological and geochemical characteristics of other rocks from the study area. Four different rocks are identified: high Mg<sup>#</sup> adakitic rocks (HMA), low Mg<sup>#</sup> adakitic rocks (LMA), normal intermediate-felsic rocks (NIF) and A-type granitoids. The emplacement time of the LMA rocks in the Dabie area (143 Ma) were earlier than in the Sulu area (130 Ma). The HMA rocks were formed at the same time (~135 Ma) in the above two areas but the magmatism lasted longer in Jiaodong area, which was near the subduction zone of the Paleo-pacific plate. The HMA rocks are concluded to be derived from the melting of a delaminated thickened lower crust and including reaction with overlying mantle. After 135 Ma, the magmatism in this area exhibited an eastward-younging trend, consistent with plate retreat in the Early Cretaceous. Plutons that were emplaced during 135–125 Ma have higher Ba/Th, Ba/La and Ce/Pb, suggesting magma source for these rocks was metasomatized by hydrous fluids from the subducted plate. At ~125 Ma, A-type granitoids began to be formed. The TLF acted as a favourable channel for transporting mantle material and fluids which made the lithosphere in this area more likely to be destroyed and thinned.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11439150
title: A review of research on adakites

description: Taking account of their importance in inferring continental geodynamic processes, adakites have been the subject of considerable research since their discovery and identification. With their high Sr and low Y and HREE concentrations and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, adakites were originally considered to be the product of slab melting in subduction zone settings. Adakites were therefore interpreted to yield information pertaining to magmatic processes, the mineralization of economic deposits, and crustal evolution along convergent margins. However, as more ‘adakites’ are reported, the lack of standardization of the term is becoming more apparent. The uncertainty of the nomenclature mainly evolves from the breadth of lithological definitions and the diversity of proposed adakite genesis. This paper reviews progress on the definition of adakites and related concepts, and formally introduces widely used classifications and genetic models. Using an adakite database compiled from published articles, 979 samples termed as adakites in the database were screened using a number of geochemical definitions, and 356 fully conforming rocks (termed reference adakite samples) were obtained. By comparing and analysing the characteristics of the reference adakite samples, we recognize that: (1) the screened reference adakites have enlightened the origin of anomalous samples; (2) the domain range of the reference adakites in compositional diagrams mainly supports the hypothesis that high-SiO<sub>2</sub> adakites are consistent with the original definition of adakites; and (3) numerous genetic models can explain the formation of compositionally heterogeneous adakites, and therefore the use of the term adakite requires caution in their geodynamic interpretation. The reference adakite samples are also used to discuss the applicability of existing geochemical diagrams. There have also been developments in our understanding of the relationship between adakites and porphyry-type Cu–Mo–Au mineralization, which can be quantitatively assessed by constraining the relative oxygen fugacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11439150.v1
title: A review of research on adakites

description: Taking account of their importance in inferring continental geodynamic processes, adakites have been the subject of considerable research since their discovery and identification. With their high Sr and low Y and HREE concentrations and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, adakites were originally considered to be the product of slab melting in subduction zone settings. Adakites were therefore interpreted to yield information pertaining to magmatic processes, the mineralization of economic deposits, and crustal evolution along convergent margins. However, as more ‘adakites’ are reported, the lack of standardization of the term is becoming more apparent. The uncertainty of the nomenclature mainly evolves from the breadth of lithological definitions and the diversity of proposed adakite genesis. This paper reviews progress on the definition of adakites and related concepts, and formally introduces widely used classifications and genetic models. Using an adakite database compiled from published articles, 979 samples termed as adakites in the database were screened using a number of geochemical definitions, and 356 fully conforming rocks (termed reference adakite samples) were obtained. By comparing and analysing the characteristics of the reference adakite samples, we recognize that: (1) the screened reference adakites have enlightened the origin of anomalous samples; (2) the domain range of the reference adakites in compositional diagrams mainly supports the hypothesis that high-SiO<sub>2</sub> adakites are consistent with the original definition of adakites; and (3) numerous genetic models can explain the formation of compositionally heterogeneous adakites, and therefore the use of the term adakite requires caution in their geodynamic interpretation. The reference adakite samples are also used to discuss the applicability of existing geochemical diagrams. There have also been developments in our understanding of the relationship between adakites and porphyry-type Cu–Mo–Au mineralization, which can be quantitatively assessed by constraining the relative oxygen fugacity.