cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128597
title: Supplementary Material for: Race, Mineral Homeostasis and Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Abnormalities in mineral homeostasis are ubiquitous in patients on dialysis, and influenced by race. In this study, we determine the race-specific relationship between mineral parameters and mortality in patients initiating hemodialysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We measured the levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 D) in 184 African American and 327 non-African American hemodialysis patients who enrolled between 1995 and 1998 in the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD Study. Serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and total alkaline phosphatase levels were averaged from clinical measurements during the first 4.5 months of dialysis. We evaluated the associated prospective risk of mortality using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models stratified by race. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PTH and total alkaline phosphatase levels were higher, whereas calcium, phosphorus, FGF23 and 25 D levels were lower in African Americans compared to those of non-African Americans. Higher serum phosphorus and FGF23 levels were associated with greater mortality risk overall; however, phosphorus was only associated with risk among African Americans (HR 5.38, 95% CI 2.14-13.55 for quartile 4 vs. 1), but not among non-African Americans (p-interaction = 0.04). FGF23 was associated with mortality in both groups, but more strongly in African Americans (HR 3.91, 95% CI 1.74-8.82 for quartiles 4 vs. 1; p-interaction = 0.09). Serum calcium, PTH, and 25 D levels were not consistently associated with mortality. The lowest and highest quartiles of total alkaline phosphatase were associated with higher mortality risk, but this did not differ by race (p-interaction = 0.97). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Aberrant phosphorus homeostasis, reflected by higher phosphorus and FGF23, may be a risk factor for mortality in patients initiating hemodialysis, particularly among African Americans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128600
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Self-Reported Frailty with Falls and Fractures among Patients New to Dialysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although frailty has been linked to higher risk of falls and fracture in the general population, only few studies have examined the extent to which frailty is associated with these outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease, who are at particularly high risk for these events. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 1,646 patients who were beginning maintenance hemodialysis in 297 dialysis units throughout the United States from September 2005 to June 2007 were enrolled in the Comprehensive Dialysis Study, and 1,053 Medicare beneficiaries were included in this study. Self-reported frailty was defined by the patients endorsing 2 or more of the following: poor physical functioning, exhaustion or low physical activity. Falls and fractures requiring medical attention were identified through Medicare claims data. We examined the association between frailty and the time to first fall or fracture using the Fine-Gray modification of Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for demographics, Quételet's body mass index, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and atherosclerosis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy-seven percent of patients were frail by self-report. The median length of follow-up was 2.5 (1.0-3.9) years. Crude rates of first medically urgent falls or fractures were 66 and 126 per 1,000 person-years in non-frail and self-reported frail participants, respectively. After accounting for demographic factors, comorbidities and the competing risk of death, self-reported frailty was associated with a higher risk of falls or fractures requiring medical attention (hazards ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.16-2.20). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Participants reporting frailty experienced nearly twice the risk of medically urgent falls or fractures compared to those who did not report frailty.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128603
title: Supplementary Material for: Hypofractionated Radiotherapy as Adjuvant Treatment in Early Breast Cancer. A Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery is indicated in the vast majority of breast cancer patients. Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy with 50 Gy in 25 fractions was considered standard of care for several decades. The recently publishes long-term results of randomized trials that have tested different moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules that may change clinical practice. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A Pubmed search was carried out to identify the relevant publications on hypofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer. In total, 4 randomized controlled trials representing the results of 7,095 patients with 10 years of follow-up were identified. A meta-analysis on the primary end point ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence and a review of the toxicity data were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using schedules such as 40 Gy in 15 fractions administered within 3 weeks are as efficient and safe as conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for most breast cancer patients who need adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. In patients aged &lt; 40 years, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and if regional lymph node radiotherapy is indicated, further data are needed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy can be recommended as standard treatment after breast-conserving surgery in the majority of breast cancer patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128594
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Iron Chelators on Pulmonary Iron Overload and Oxidative Stress in β-Thalassemic Mice

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To evaluate the effect of iron chelators on iron-related pulmonary pathology and oxidative stress in an animal model of β-thalassemia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Pulmonary iron overload was induced in heterozygous β-globin knockout mice (<sup>mu</sup>β<sup>th-3/+</sup>, BKO). Over a period of 2 weeks, 180 mg of iron/mouse was loaded by intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran, and subsequently treated daily via intraperitoneal with either deferoxamine (DF) or deferiprone (L1) at an equimolar concentration of iron binding (0.2 and 0.6 μmol/g body weight, respectively) for 7 days. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Iron loading resulted in iron deposition in peribronchial regions, septa and also in alveolar macrophages with a grading score of 3. This iron burden resulted in lung epithelial injuries, fibrosis and corresponded with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased tissue catalase activity. Treatment with DF or L1 resulted in a reduction of iron-laden alveolar macrophages and decreased oxidative stress and tissue damage, showing the iron mobilizing ability of both compounds. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Iron chelation therapy, with DF and L1, may protect against pulmonary damage by sequestering catalytic iron and improving oxidative status. It may be beneficial in the prevention of pulmonary complications in thalassemia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128603.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Hypofractionated Radiotherapy as Adjuvant Treatment in Early Breast Cancer. A Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery is indicated in the vast majority of breast cancer patients. Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy with 50 Gy in 25 fractions was considered standard of care for several decades. The recently publishes long-term results of randomized trials that have tested different moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules that may change clinical practice. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A Pubmed search was carried out to identify the relevant publications on hypofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer. In total, 4 randomized controlled trials representing the results of 7,095 patients with 10 years of follow-up were identified. A meta-analysis on the primary end point ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence and a review of the toxicity data were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using schedules such as 40 Gy in 15 fractions administered within 3 weeks are as efficient and safe as conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for most breast cancer patients who need adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. In patients aged &lt; 40 years, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and if regional lymph node radiotherapy is indicated, further data are needed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy can be recommended as standard treatment after breast-conserving surgery in the majority of breast cancer patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128585
title: Supplementary Material for: Plasma Proendothelin-1 as an Early Marker of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants. Clinical prediction of BPD at an early stage in life is difficult. Plasma proendothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) is a lung injury biomarker in pulmonary hypertension and respiratory distress. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To assess the prognostic ability of CT-proET-1 in BPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 227 prospectively enrolled preterm infants born at &lt;32 weeks gestational age (GA), plasma CT-proET-1 was measured at birth, day of life (DOL) 2, 3, 6 and 28, and at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). BPD was defined as mild in infants requiring supplemental oxygen at DOL 28 and moderate/severe in those requiring it at 36 weeks PMA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The predictive ability of CT-proET-1 for any BPD was poor at birth [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.654, 95% CI 0.494-0.814], moderate at DOL 2 and 3 (AUC 0.769, 95% CI 0.666-0.872) and excellent at DOL 6 (AUC 0.918, 95% CI 0.840-0.995). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that CT-proET-1 levels at DOL 2, 3, 6 and 28 were strongly related to the duration of oxygen supplementation, independently of GA and the duration of respiratory support. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CT-proET-1 is a novel promising biomarker for predicting the development of BPD in preterm infants when measured at the end of the first week of life.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128588
title: Supplementary Material for: Short-Term Outcomes for Opiate and Crack Users Accessing Treatment: The Effects of Criminal Justice Referral and Crack Use

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The English drug treatment population doubled in size between 1998 and 2008, increasingly characterised by crack cocaine use and criminal justice system (CJS) referral. We assessed short-term (median 3.5 month) behaviour changes following participation in drug treatment and the moderating effect of CJS referral/crack use. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Opiate and/or crack cocaine users (n = 1,267) were recruited from 342 agencies. Outcome effects were assessed via interaction term regression, clustered at participant level, controlling for client characteristics. Treatment retention effects were tested via Cox proportional hazard models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Statistically significant improvements in health, drug use and offensive behaviour were observed (e.g. heroin use from 87 to 51%, acquisitive offending from 47 to 23%). Referral route was not associated with variation in outcomes. Crack use at baseline was associated with a greater chance of non-fatal overdose at follow-up (p = 0.035, 95% CI 1.08-8.20) but a greater reduction in offending income (p = 0.002, 95% CI £104-£419). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite changes in the English drug treatment population, equivalent short-term improvements in client behaviour were observed a decade earlier. Outcomes for CJS-referred clients were comparable to non-CJS. Crack use at treatment entry offered some scope for greater improvements in offending but may be a barrier to cessation of mortality-associated risky behaviour.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128591
title: Supplementary Material for: Different Phenotypes of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Hypersensitivity during Childhood

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity (NSAID-H) has been widely studied in adults, there is still a lack of data regarding the features and phenotypes of NSAID-H in children. Our aim was to define risk factors and different phenotypes according to clinical patterns. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with a history of reaction to any NSAIDs referred between January 2012 and October 2014 were included. After completing a European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) questionnaire, initial skin and/or oral provocation tests (OPTs) were performed for the offending drug. Additional OPTs were done with aspirin in case of NSAID-H to determine cross-reactivity. NSAID-hypersensitive patients were defined as being either a selective responder (SR) or cross-intolerant (CI) and further categorized according to either the ENDA/GA<sup>2</sup>LEN classification or an alternative scheme by Caimmi et al. [Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;159:306-312]. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 121 patients [58.7% male, average age 7.8 years (4.7-10.8)] with 161 NSAID-related reactions, 110 patients with 148 reactions were assessed. NSAID-H was diagnosed in 30 (27%) patients with 37 (25%) reactions. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that an immediate-type reaction and respiratory symptoms during the reaction increased the risk of a reproducible NSAID-related reaction (OR 3.508, 95% CI 1.42-8.7, p = 0.007; OR 3.951, 95% CI 1.33-11.77, p = 0.014, respectively). Additional OPTs revealed 13 SRs and 14 CIs. A family history of allergic disease was more frequent in CIs compared to SRs (57.1 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.031). Reactions belonging to CIs were more frequently characterized by angioedema compared to those of SRs (81.3 vs. 46.2%, p = 0.019). SRs and CIs were further classified as single NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema and/or anaphylaxis (n = 13), NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema (n = 7), NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease (n = 2) and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (n = 1). Four CIs could not be categorized according to either classification system. One SR could not be categorized according to ENDA/GA<sup>2</sup>LEN. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> During childhood, NSAID-H exhibits different phenotypes and the majority of them can be categorized with current classification systems; however, classifications based on adult data may not exactly fit NSAID-H in paediatric patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128582
title: Supplementary Material for: The Diagnostic Value of Routine Papanicolaou Smears for Detecting Endometrial Cancers: An Update

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The presence of degenerative endometrial debris and abnormal endometrial cells is considered to be the hint for endometrial pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in detecting endometrial cancers. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> There were 146 cases of endometrial cancer diagnosed at our institute in 2000-2002 and 271 in 2010-2012. Among them, 57 and 95 relevant reports of Pap smears 6 months prior to the histology diagnosis were retrieved for this study, respectively. In the first time period, new criteria for detecting endometrial lesions had not yet been incorporated into routine screening. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty cases (21%) of adenocarcinoma, 12 (13%) of atypical glandular cells, 4 (4%) of endometrial debris and 59 (62%) negative reports were found among the more recent 95 relevant Pap smears. The overall efficacy of the Pap smear for detecting endometrial malignancy was 38%, higher than 10 years previously (30%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although the Pap smear was originally designed to screen cervical lesions, more effective detection of endometrial lesions could be achieved by adding new criteria to the routine screening.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128585.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Plasma Proendothelin-1 as an Early Marker of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants. Clinical prediction of BPD at an early stage in life is difficult. Plasma proendothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) is a lung injury biomarker in pulmonary hypertension and respiratory distress. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To assess the prognostic ability of CT-proET-1 in BPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 227 prospectively enrolled preterm infants born at &lt;32 weeks gestational age (GA), plasma CT-proET-1 was measured at birth, day of life (DOL) 2, 3, 6 and 28, and at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). BPD was defined as mild in infants requiring supplemental oxygen at DOL 28 and moderate/severe in those requiring it at 36 weeks PMA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The predictive ability of CT-proET-1 for any BPD was poor at birth [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.654, 95% CI 0.494-0.814], moderate at DOL 2 and 3 (AUC 0.769, 95% CI 0.666-0.872) and excellent at DOL 6 (AUC 0.918, 95% CI 0.840-0.995). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that CT-proET-1 levels at DOL 2, 3, 6 and 28 were strongly related to the duration of oxygen supplementation, independently of GA and the duration of respiratory support. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CT-proET-1 is a novel promising biomarker for predicting the development of BPD in preterm infants when measured at the end of the first week of life.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128594.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Iron Chelators on Pulmonary Iron Overload and Oxidative Stress in β-Thalassemic Mice

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To evaluate the effect of iron chelators on iron-related pulmonary pathology and oxidative stress in an animal model of β-thalassemia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Pulmonary iron overload was induced in heterozygous β-globin knockout mice (<sup>mu</sup>β<sup>th-3/+</sup>, BKO). Over a period of 2 weeks, 180 mg of iron/mouse was loaded by intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran, and subsequently treated daily via intraperitoneal with either deferoxamine (DF) or deferiprone (L1) at an equimolar concentration of iron binding (0.2 and 0.6 μmol/g body weight, respectively) for 7 days. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Iron loading resulted in iron deposition in peribronchial regions, septa and also in alveolar macrophages with a grading score of 3. This iron burden resulted in lung epithelial injuries, fibrosis and corresponded with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased tissue catalase activity. Treatment with DF or L1 resulted in a reduction of iron-laden alveolar macrophages and decreased oxidative stress and tissue damage, showing the iron mobilizing ability of both compounds. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Iron chelation therapy, with DF and L1, may protect against pulmonary damage by sequestering catalytic iron and improving oxidative status. It may be beneficial in the prevention of pulmonary complications in thalassemia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128576
title: Supplementary Material for: Differentiating Glomerular Inflammation from Fibrosis in a Bone Marrow Chimera for Rat Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Many types of glomerulonephritis (GN) undergo tandem connected phases: inflammation and fibrosis. Fibrosis in human GNs leads to irreversible end-stage disease. This study investigated how these 2 phases were controlled. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a rat anti-glomerular basement membrane GN model, we established bone marrow (BM) chimeras between GN-resistant Lewis (LEW) and GN-susceptible Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Glomerular inflammation and fibrosis were compared between chimeras. <b><i>Results:</i></b> LEW's BM to WKY chimeras with or without co-transfer of host WKY's T cells were GN-resistant. On the other hand, WKY's BM to LEW (LEW<sup>WKY</sup>) chimeras developed glomerular inflammation and albuminuria upon immunization. Quantitative analysis showed that the number and composition of inflammatory cells in glomeruli of immunized LEW<sup>WKY</sup> chimeras were similar to those in immunized WKY rats at their inflammatory peak. Thus, glomerular inflammation was controlled by BM-derived non-T cell populations. However, unlike WKY rats, LEW<sup>WKY</sup> rats did not develop fibrosis until the end of experiments (84 days) in spite of persistent inflammation and albuminuria. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Inflammation alone was not sufficient to trigger fibrosis, suggesting a critical role of glomerular cells in the fibrotic process. As LEW<sup>WKY</sup> chimera allows us to separate glomerular inflammation from fibrosis, this model provides a useful tool to study how fibrosis is initiated following inflammation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128579
title: Supplementary Material for: Prognostic Impact of the ABCC11/MRP8 Polymorphism in Adjuvant Oral Chemotherapy with S-1 for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Postoperative 1-year administration of S-1, an oral derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was shown to be feasible in lung cancer. The 5-year survival rates of postoperative patients treated with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy and the prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors were examined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The data of 50 patients with curatively resected pathological stage IB to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer, who were treated with S-1 postoperatively, were analyzed. The prognostic impacts of 22 clinicopathological factors including expressions of the 5-FU pathway enzymes were evaluated. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), i.e. 538G&gt;A (rs17822931), of ABCC11/MRP8, which encodes a 5-FU excretion enzyme that is known as an earwax type determinant, was also evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 72.5 and 67.5%, respectively. A performance status ≥1, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, and the A/A type of SNP538, which is responsible for the dry earwax type, were significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survivals. In 34 patients who showed a relative performance of 70% or more for chemotherapy, multivariate survival analysis indicated significant hazard ratios only for the A/A type of SNP538 (p = 0.007).<b><i> Conclusions:</i></b> S-1 has sufficient power as adjuvant chemotherapy. However, its effect might be small in the dry earwax type patient group in an adjuvant setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128582.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Diagnostic Value of Routine Papanicolaou Smears for Detecting Endometrial Cancers: An Update

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The presence of degenerative endometrial debris and abnormal endometrial cells is considered to be the hint for endometrial pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in detecting endometrial cancers. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> There were 146 cases of endometrial cancer diagnosed at our institute in 2000-2002 and 271 in 2010-2012. Among them, 57 and 95 relevant reports of Pap smears 6 months prior to the histology diagnosis were retrieved for this study, respectively. In the first time period, new criteria for detecting endometrial lesions had not yet been incorporated into routine screening. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty cases (21%) of adenocarcinoma, 12 (13%) of atypical glandular cells, 4 (4%) of endometrial debris and 59 (62%) negative reports were found among the more recent 95 relevant Pap smears. The overall efficacy of the Pap smear for detecting endometrial malignancy was 38%, higher than 10 years previously (30%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although the Pap smear was originally designed to screen cervical lesions, more effective detection of endometrial lesions could be achieved by adding new criteria to the routine screening.