cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0100
title: Investigation of the practical method for enhancing the safety of R290 split type household air conditioner.

description: R290 (propane) has been chosen as the competitive alternative for R22 in split type household air conditioner (STHAC) because of its remarkable thermodynamic performance, environmental characteristics and economic efficiency. However, R290 is a flammable substance, thereby the promotion of R290 STHACs is hindered by its potential fire risk to the building resulting from leakage. At present, the most important measure to ensure the safety is to strictly limit the refrigerant charge by domestic and international standards, which will impact the R290 STHAC's heating performance. But in fact, when the leakage of R290 occur from a STHAC, the distribution of R290 in STHAC, and the leaking rate also will seriously affect the safety of the R290 STHAC. In this paper, a practical method of installing a solenoid valve near the capillary was presented, the refrigerant leaking rate in R290 STHAC was carried out through quasi-liquid nitrogen method (QLNM), and the R290 concentration in the room after leakage was also measured by detectors. Compared with the common STHAC, experimental results of leaking rate showed that after the installation of a solenoid valve, the R290 leaking rate and concentration in the room was obviously reduced, thereby the safety of the R290 STHACs was substantially improved.R290 (propane) has been chosen as the competitive alternative for R22 in split type household air conditioner (STHAC) because of its remarkable thermodynamic performance, environmental characteristics and economic efficiency. However, R290 is a flammable substance, thereby the promotion of R290 STHACs is hindered by its potential fire risk to the building resulting from leakage. At present, the most important measure to ensure the safety is to strictly limit the refrigerant charge by domestic and international standards, which will impact the R290 STHAC's heating performance. But in fact, when the leakage of R290 occur from a STHAC, the distribution of R290 in STHAC, and the leaking rate also will seriously affect the safety of the R290 STHAC. In this paper, a practical method of installing a solenoid valve near the capillary was presented, the refrigerant leaking rate in R290 STHAC was carried out through quasi-liquid nitrogen method (QLNM), and the R290 concentration in the room after leakage was also measured by detectors. Compared with the common STHAC, experimental results of leaking rate showed that after the installation of a solenoid valve, the R290 leaking rate and concentration in the room was obviously reduced, thereby the safety of the R290 STHACs was substantially improved.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0109
title: Influence of heat capacity adsorbent heat exchanger on cooling and heating enegy supply from adsorption chiller driven by solar thermal energy.

description: The objective of this study is to estimate cooling and heating energy from adsorption refrigeration and heat pump system driven by solar thermal energy. The system composed of a CPC type collector and zeolite (FAM-Z02)/water adsorption system. We evaluated numerically the supplied cooling and heating energy at 20°C from the system every hour for a year with an assumption of the adsorption equilibrium theory using solar irradiation, dry air and wet-bulb temperatures at Fukuoka of Japan in 2004. The cooling and heating energies decreased 10 % and 4 % by counting heat capacity of the adsorbent heat exchanger. The ratio of supplying energy to the collected solar was also 1.16 which was 0.08 smaller than the ratio without a counting the heat capacity. Additionally, this influence was significant at low heat source temperature condition. Consequently, a development of an adsorbent heat exchanger with low heat capacity will be urgent issue.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/5904efd7c22718ce64408238d446cd74
title: Primary production estimates from 14C uptake (in situ), determined by the incorporation of inorganic carbon into particulate organic carbon (POC) due to photosynthesis at selected light levels from CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current System, 2006 - 2016 (ongoing).
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/6907a045e2bbba94a0c6ab148b3324ce
title: Exported particulate carbon and nitrogen measurements from 4-day sediment trap deployments in the CCE region, 2007 - 2016 (ongoing).
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/cda9bf44fb387c9bf8e22f8b275d1505
title: Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements at selected depths in the water column in the CCE region since 2006 - 2016 (ongoing).
DOI: 10.17632/8pmz9xkzc7.1
title: Data for: Surface nanocrystallization and gradient microstructural evolutions in the surface layers of 321 stainless steel alloy treated via severe shot peening

description: This figure clearly describes our work. As it can be seen, surface nanocrystallization and gradient microstructural evolutions are main characteristics of severe shot peening of 321SS.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0013
title: HFC 404A boiling inside a 4mm horizontal smooth tube: comparison with the long-term low GWP substitutes HC290 (propane) and HC1270 (propylene).

description: This paper presents the comparative analysis of HC290 (Propane), HC1270 (Propylene), and HFC404A during vaporisation inside a 4 mm smooth tube. The experimental tests were carried out at three different saturation temperatures (5, 10, and 20 °C) at increasing vapour quality up to incipient dryout to evaluate the specific contribution of heat flux, refrigerant mass flux, mean vapour quality, and saturation temperature (pressure). The heat transfer coefficients show a reduced sensitivity to vapour quality, particularly at low refrigerant mass flux, high heat flux, and saturation temperature (pressure), therefore nucleate boiling seems to be the prevailing heat transfer regime in the present experimental tests. Although an early onset of dryout might partially compromise the boiling heat transfer performance of HC290, both the HC tested seem to be very effective as long-term low GWP substitutes for HFC404A and HFC507A.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0038
title: Performance analysis of supercritical CO2 recompression power cycle with heat transfer characteristics of CO2.

description: Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycles have received many attentions recently because a variety of advantages are spotlighted compared with existing power cycle. Supercritical CO2 power cycle can achieve high cycle thermal efficiency and small cycle foot print with high temperature heat sources. Supercritical CO2 has better compatibility with materials of cycle components than steam at high temperature. Also this cycle has high degree of freedom of cycle configuration because cycle is operated on supercritical region of CO2. So many cycle layouts can be configured. Among them, recompression cycle is known as one of the most efficient layouts proper to the applications on sodium-cooled fast reactor or concentrated solar power. To apply in a practical use, characteristics and performance of recompression layout should be analyzed in various conditions. In recompression cycle, two recuperators are important for achieving high cycle efficiency. To consider the relation between recuperators and the performance of recompression cycle, heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 should be involved in cycle analysis. In this study, we conducted performance analysis of recompression cycle with various conditions of recuperators. Also, in given cycle operating conditions, the optimum operation was found and analyzed the results comparatively in a view of physical validity and applicability. The results of this paper can be used to optimize recompression cycle which could be reference values for future analysis.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0044
title: Experiment and visualization of R410A flow distribution within the vertical header of microchannel heat exchanger.

description: This paper reports an initial step to obtain an equally distributed fluid flow in an evaporator heat exchanger and eventually increase its performance. Experiments are carried out for R410A, using a vertical header where 20 horizontal parallel flat tubes are connected and the protrusion depth is half of the header width. The flow enters the header from a bottom inlet port and there is no heat load applied on the flat tubes. Inlet vapor quality before the header is varied for a fixed total mass flow rate of 60 kg/h. For each set of conditions, the mass flow rate and quality at different vertical positions of the header are singularly measured. Visualization data and experimental results have shown that 0.6 vapor quality before the header produces a more even distribution having a more homogeneous two-phase flow compared to 0.2 where phases are distinctly separated yielding dryouts on the top channels.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0046
title: Fast and simple calculation of thermodynamic properties of refrigerant using quadrilateral interpolation from preprocessed thermodynamic table.

description: Modern thermal energy systems are required for being smarter and more intelligent in connection with information and communication technology (ICT) to perform multiple functions. To achieve this goal, a number of complicated property calculations are essential. The refrigerant property calculation program REFPROP developed by NIST is most popularly used, however, direct use of REFPROP for low-end ICT devices are too heavy to be equipped. In this manner, an alternative computational method to calculate refrigerant property from thermodynamic tables is developed. As two steps of the procedure, machine-friendly thermodynamic tables are generated from REFPROP first, and then quadrilateral interpolation is carried out for intermediate properties. The results showed competitiveness of the interpolation method compared with the original calculation from REFPROP. From the research, the generation of thermodynamic tables is found to be important to increase its accuracy and reliability of property calculation.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0083
title: Iso-paraffins as low temperature secondary fluids.

description: Ethylene and propylene glycol water based secondary solutions are very popular due to their low corrosivity character, low freezing point, high boiling point and low fire hazards. The main drawback of ethylene glycol solutions is its potential toxicity both to the environment, animals and food products. Therefore, propylene glycol is the most common substitute for ethylene glycol. The biggest disadvantage of propylene glycol solutions is its very high viscosity at low temperatures, which results in higher pumping power and lower system performance. For very low temperatures, it is common to use non-aqueous synthetic fluids, which have lower viscosities at these temperatures. Thus, the aim of this paper is to propose a new generation of synthetic iso-paraffins having better thermophysical properties compared to existing synthetic products used for very low temperature applications. 

The first results showed that the new generation of iso-paraffins having the freezing temperature of – 50 °C or lower had significantly lower viscosity (between 75 % and 98 %) at very low temperatures compared to 60 wt-% propylene glycol (PG 60 %) and 60 wt-% ethylene glycol solution (EG 60 %). Iso-paraffin 1 showed better performance than iso-paraffin 2 by giving the lowest freezing point, the lowest dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity as well as the highest thermal conductivity. Instead, iso-paraffin 2 had higher specific heat capacity. As seen, the different composition of iso-paraffin mixture can result in different properties and operating temperature ranges. Thus, iso-paraffins could become an interesting alternative for very low temperature cooling applications.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0132
title: R1234ze(E) and R450a alternatives in refrigeration systems: from fluid properties to experimental comparison.

description: To reduce the expected increase in global mean temperature, the substitution of R134a as working fluid of refrigeration and air conditioning systems using refrigerants with the lowest carbon footprint possible is a priority. In this paper, the use of R1234ze(E) as pure fluid and mixed with R134a (resulting R450A) is assessed from a thermodynamic point of view. Then, these results are used to support experimental data obtained from a vapor compression system at three evaporating temperatures combined with other condensing temperatures. Regarding refrigerant main thermodynamic properties, R450A is very similar to R134a, even though the HFO R1234ze(E) is the main component of the mixture (58% compared to 42%). For both alternatives, the major differences with R134a are observed in relative molar mass, vapor density and liquid thermal conductivity. Compared with R134a, average cooling capacity obtained is lower for both alternatives (until 34% for R1234ze(E)) due to a reduction in suction density and refrigerating effect. Resulting COP of R1234ze(E) is also slightly lower even though specific compression work is significantly lower. Average R450A COP can match that of R134a at the same compression pressure ratios. Attending to the results of the drop-in tests, the main conclusion of the paper is that only R450A can be used as drop-in replacement if light reduction in system cooling capacity can be accepted.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.495697
title: Data For: Neuromodulatory Circuit Effects On Drosophila Feeding Behaviour And Metabolism

description: Data files that support the article "Neuromodulatory circuit effects on Drosophila feeding behaviour and metabolism."
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0024
title: Experimental analysis of aluminum foams as heat transfer medium for PCM thermal storages.

description: The latent heat absorption phenomenon associated with melting of a suitable Phase Change Material (PCM) can be an effective way to improve the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) behavior in many applications. However, the most suitable PCMs to be used in HVAC and refrigeration systems find intrinsic limitations due to their poor heat transfer capabilities. This work experimentally investigates the use of Aluminum foams as heat transfer medium to improve the overall heat transfer of paraffin waxes that can be possible PCMs to be implemented in hybrid sensible-latent water TESs. The experimental tests were run in a new dedicated setup designed, developed, and built at the Department of Management and Engineering of the University of Padova to study the water hybrid TES. The experimental results are presented in terms of loading and unloading times at constant water tank temperature. The effects of the use of Aluminum foams as enhancing heat transfer medium were studied by comparing the loading and unloading processes of a paraffin wax with melting temperature around 40 °C, with and without metal foams, in a water thermal storage unit. The effects of three different foams with 5, 20, and 40 Pores Per Inch (PPI) were investigated.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0029
title: Design of plate type solution heat exchanger in H2O/LiBr absorption refrigerator.

description: Plate heat exchangers are used widely in HVAC and refrigeration industry due to their high thermal efficiency and compactness. In this study, the performance of plate type solution heat exchangers is analyzed and the optimal number of plates are determined by using three design algorithms (epsion-NTU, LMTD and elaborated LMTD method). The number of plates, overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were estimated according to the change of chevron angles (30°, 45°, 60°).
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0032
title: Experimental study on condensation heat transfer and pressure drop for R-1233ZD(E) in plate exchangers.

description: R-1233zd(E), a kind of HCFO, has greatly lower GWP and ODP compared to other existing refrigerants. However, there is lack of study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for R-1233zd(E) because it was recently developed. Meanwhile, plate heat exchanger has smaller size and higher thermal efficiency than other types of heat exchangers. In this study, experiments for condensation heat transfer and pressure drop in plate heat exchanger are carried out by using R-1233zd(E). From these tests, condensation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops are measured. Then the test results are compared with the existing refrigerants such as R-134a. Through this comparison, it is found that the condensation heat transfer coefficient of R-1233zd(E) is slightly lower than those of R-134a and R-1234ze(E).
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0040
title: Experimental study on the surface tension density viscosity and conductivity of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide.

description: Independent synthesis of ionic liquid [emim][Tf2N], and the surface tension, density, viscosity and conductivity are measured in the temperature range of 298.15K~338.15K, 0.1MPa, and under the same condition the literature data were compared. The results of the study show that, surface tension of the ionic liquid decreases with the increases of the length of the cation substituted carbon chain and the anion size. Surface tension and density of ionic liquid [emim][Tf2N] almost linearly change with the temperature. At the same time, the least square method is used to process the experimental data, and the regression equation of surface tension and density with temperature is obtained，and the viscosity decreases with increasing temperature, the conductivity increases with increasing temperature. Determination of these data to fill the ionic liquid [emim][Tf2N] relevant physical parameters blank, and provide a reference for its application.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0092
title: Excess enthalpy prediction for ionic liquid based absorption systems.

description: Excess enthalpy is crucial in investigating absorption refrigeration and heat pump cycles. Apart from a direct measurement, it can be estimated from vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data by using thermodynamic models. Models which can be used are equation-of-state (EOS) based model, activity-coefficient based methods, and generic Clausius-Clapeyron relation. This paper assesses the performance of different models in the excess enthalpy prediction of natural refrigerants/ILs pairs for absorption cycles. First, the fundamental theories on excess enthalpy prediction with different thermodynamic models are introduced. Then, the VLE data of two working pairs are fitted and used to estimate excess enthalpy by these models. The predicted results are compared with measured ones for the pair H2O/[emim][DMP]. The influence of fitted parameters on the excess enthalpy prediction is also discussed. The assessment reveals the predicted excess enthalpies have quite large deviations compared with the measured values. UNIFAC and Redlich-Kwong EOS models perform best with relatively smaller errors.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0131
title: Evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-446A, R1234ze(E), and r-1233ZD(E).

description: The present study investigated evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-446A, R-1234ze(E), and R-1233zd(E) as low GWP refrigerant. Test apparatus consisted of a test section with horizontal stainless tube, a pump, a constant temperature bath, a pre-heater, a condenser, a DC power supply etc. Test parameters were quality from 0 to 1, mass flux from 100 to 400kg/m2s, heat flux from 10 to 30kW/m2, saturation temperatures from 5 to 10°C, and tube diameters of 5, 7.4, and 9mm. The heat transfer coefficients of R-446A, R-1234ze(E), R-1233zd(E) were increased as the mass flux, heat flux and saturation temperature was increased, while they were decreased as the tube diameter was increased. The pressure drops were increased as the mass flux and heat flux was increased, while they were decreased as the saturation temperature and tube diameter were increased. Pressure drops of R-1233zd(E) showed the largest among three low GWP refrigerants.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.1002
title: Low-GWP refrigerants: performance assessment and selection tradeoffs.

description: The merits of an alternative refrigerant are established based on many attributes including environmental acceptance, chemical stability in the refrigeration system, low toxicity, flammability, efficiency and volumetric capacity. In an earlier work, these criteria were used to screen a comprehensive database to search for refrigerants with low global warming potentials (GWP). The present paper summarizes the screening process and presents the performance of the ‘best’ 27 replacement fluids for small and medium-sized air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration applications. In addition to considering cycle calculations based only on thermodynamic properties, a simulation model that included transport properties and optimized heat exchangers was used to assess the performance potentials of the candidate fluids. The need for this more detailed modeling approach is demonstrated for systems relying on forced-convection evaporation and condensation. The study shows that the low-GWP refrigerant options are very limited, particularly for fluids with volumetric capacities similar to those of R-410A or R-404A. The probability of finding ‘ideal’, better-performing low-GWP fluids is minimal.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.1004
title: Safety research of mildly flammable refrigerants and risk assessment in Japan.

description: In 2011, a new project sponsored by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization on the performance and safety of new refrigerants was started. The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association initiated a risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants at the same time. The Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers established a research committee comprising persons from industry, the government, and academia for the purpose of exchanging knowledge about safety issues and risk assessments among researchers and manufacturers. In order to reduce the legal regulations, a risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants was conducted, and reasonable guidelines for safe design and use of refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment with mildly flammable refrigerants were formulated.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.604754
title: Data For: Neuromodulatory Circuit Effects On Drosophila Feeding Behaviour And Metabolism

description: Data files that support the article "Neuromodulatory circuit effects on Drosophila feeding behaviour and metabolism."
DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0071
title: Surface tension measurement of low gwp refrigerants.

description: HFOs (hydro-fluoro-olefins) are very recently under consideration as a potential candidate of R410A alternatives with GWP of 2800 that is most widely used in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. The capillary constant and surface tension of R32, R1234ze(E), and their binary mixture R32/R1234ze(E) are measured in the temperature range from 274 K to 342 K by the differential capillary rise method. The propagated uncertainty in the surface tension is estimated within 0.3 mN m-1. The experimentally quantified surface tensions of the components R32 and R1234ze(E) well agree with the calculated value by REFPROP 9.1. The measured surface tension of R32/R1234ze(E) at charged compositions 51/49 mass% and 43/57 mass% reasonably agree with the correlation for R32/R1234ze(E) (50/50 mass%) proposed by Tanaka and Higashi [1]. The surface tension data presented in this study and available in literatures (Tanaka and Higashi [1]; Cui et al. [2]) appear to vary almost linearly against mole fraction at a fixed reduced temperature.