DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14141549
title: Labeled Datasets for Research on Information Operations

description: Labeled Datasets for Research on Information Operations

Compliance with Platform Terms

To comply with the platform terms, we ask that you download one data file per researcher, per day. By requesting access, you agree to abide by these rules.

Data Sharing Policy

Following university, security, and ethical guidelines, we are unable to respond to data requests from research institutions that are affiliated with foreign military organizations or from a list of countries of concern (currently China, North Korea, Iran, Russia, Cuba, Syria, and Venezuela).

README

19-November-2024Contact: Observatory on Social Media

Dataset ArticlesThis dataset is collected and processed according to the paper "Labeled Datasets for Research on Information Operations."

DescriptionThese datasets contain data curated for research on information operations (IO) and includes both labeled IO and control data. The datasets cover 26 verified IO campaigns from various countries and provide comprehensive records of posts from IO accounts alongside control posts from legitimate accounts discussing similar topics during the same periods. The datasets enable the development and benchmarking of IO detection methods by comparing coordinated versus organic accounts.

LicenseThis dataset is available under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license. If you use this data, please cite the original paper.

Dataset ContentThe dataset includes anonymized fields to preserve privacy, and is structured with the following columns:



postid: Unique identifier for each post within the dataset.

post_text: The textual content of the post. The PII inside post_text such as mentions and URLs are hashed

application_name: Hashed version of the name of the application or platform from which the post was made.

post_language: Language in which the post was written.

in_reply_to_postid: Anonymized ID of the post this entry is replying to, if applicable.

in_reply_to_accountid: Anonymized ID of the account the post is replying to, if applicable.

post_time: Timestamp indicating when the post was made.

accountid: Unique anonymized ID for the account that created the post.

account_profile_description: Description provided by the account holder in their profile.

follower_count: Number of followers the account had at the time of data collection.

following_count: Number of accounts the user was following at the time of data collection.

account_creation_date: Date when the account was created.

is_repost: Boolean indicator if the post is a repost.

reposted_accountid: Anonymized ID of the original account that made the reposted post, if applicable.

reposted_postid: Anonymized ID of the original post that was reposted, if applicable.

hashtags: Hashtags included in the post content, if any.

urls: Hashed URLs shared within the post, if any.

account_mentions: Anonymized ID of accounts mentioned within the post, if any.

is_control: Boolean indicator marking whether the post is from a control (True) or IO (False) account.


Data for different campaigns are organized in separate versions of this repository, which can be also found below or in the excel file shared.




Campaign Name
URL


Armenia
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14141550


Bangladesh
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14188947


Catalonia
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14188959


China_1
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14188970


China_2
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14188975


Cuba Part 1
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14188984


Cuba Part 2
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189008


Ecuador
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189015


Egypt_UAE
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189018


Ghana_Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189028


Iran_1
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189037


Iran_2
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189038


Iran_3
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189041


Iran_4
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189047


Iran_5
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189048


Iran_6
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189053


Qatar
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189058


Russia_1
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189061


Russia_2
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189072


Russia_3
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189075


Russia_4
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189078


Russia_5
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189081


Spain
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189086


Thailand
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189095


UAE
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189098


Venezuela_1
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189107


Venezuela_2
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14189110