cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344777.v2
title: Sleepiness and Motor Vehicle Crashes in a Representative Sample of Portuguese Drivers: The Importance of Epidemiological Representative Surveys

description: <b>Objective:</b> Sleepiness is considered to be a leading cause of crashes. Despite the huge amount of information collected in questionnaire studies, only some are based on representative samples of the population. Specifics of the populations studied hinder the generalization of these previous findings. For the Portuguese population, data from sleep-related car crashes/near misses and sleepiness while driving are missing. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of near-miss and nonfatal motor vehicle crashes related to sleepiness in a representative sample of Portuguese drivers. <b>Methods:</b> Structured phone interviews regarding sleepiness and sleep-related crashes and near misses, driving habits, demographic data, and sleep quality were conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep apnea risk using the Berlin questionnaire. A multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the associations with sleepy driving (feeling sleepy or falling asleep while driving) and sleep-related near misses and crashes. <b>Results:</b> Nine hundred subjects, representing the Portuguese population of drivers, were included; 3.1% acknowledged falling asleep while driving during the previous year and 0.67% recalled sleepiness-related crashes. Higher education, driving more than 15,000 km/year, driving more frequently between 12:00 a.m. and 6 a.m., fewer years of having a driver's license, less total sleep time per night, and higher scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were all independently associated with sleepy driving. Sleepiness-related crashes and near misses were associated only with falling asleep at the wheel in the previous year. Sleep-related crashes occurred more frequently in drivers who had also had sleep-related near misses. <b>Conclusion:</b> Portugal has lower self-reported sleepiness at the wheel and sleep-related near misses than most other countries where epidemiological data are available. Different population characteristics and cultural, social, and road safety specificities may be involved in these discrepancies. Despite this, Portuguese drivers report sleep-related crashes in frequencies similar to those of drivers in other countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344779.v1
title: Statistical Characteristics of Wrong-Way Driving Crashes on Illinois Freeways

description: Objective: Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than six decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crashes as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries.Methods: The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways was statistically analyzed for a six-year time period (2004 to 2009) from three aspects: crash, vehicle, and person. The temporal distributions, geographical distributions, roadway characteristics, and crash locations were analyzed for WWD crashes. The driver demographic information, physical condition, and injury severity were analyzed for wrong-way drivers. The vehicle characteristics, vehicle operation, and collision results were analyzed for WWD vehicles. A method was brought about to identify wrong-way entry points that was then used to develop a relative-importance technique and rank different interchange types in terms of potential WWD incidents.Results: The findings revealed that a large proportion of WWD crashes occurred during the weekend from midnight to 5 a.m. Approximately 80% of WWD crashes were located in urban areas and nearly 70 percent of wrong-way vehicles were passenger cars. Approximately 58% of wrong-way drivers were driving under the influence (DUI). Of those, nearly 50% were confirmed to be impaired by alcohol, about 4% were impaired by drugs, and more than 3% had been drinking. The analysis of interchange ranking found that compressed diamond interchanges, Single Point Diamond Interchanges (SPDIs), partial cloverleaf interchanges, and freeway feeders had the highest wrong-way crash rates (wrong-way crashes per 100 interchanges per year).Conclusions: The findings of this study call for more attention to WWD crashes from different aspects such as driver age groups, time of day, day of week, and DUI drivers. Based on the analysis results of WWD distance, the study explained why a five-mile radius of WWD crash location should be studied for WWD fatal crashes with unknown entry points.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344777.v1
title: Sleepiness and motor vehicle crashes in a representative sample of Portuguese drivers: The importance of epidemiological representative surveys

description: Objective: Sleepiness is considered to be a leading cause of crashes. Despite the huge amount of information collected in questionnaire studies only some are based on representative samples of the population. Specifics of the populations studied hinder the generalization of these previous findings. For the Portuguese population, data from sleep related car crashes/near misses and sleepiness while driving is missing. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of near-miss and non-fatal motor-vehicle crashes related to sleepiness in a representative sample of Portuguese drivers. Methods: Structured phone interview regarding sleepiness and sleep related crashes and near-misses, driving habits, demographic data, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep apnea risk using the Berlin questionnaire. A multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the associations with sleepy driving (feeling sleepy or falling asleep while driving) and sleep related near-misses and crashes. Results: 900 subjects, representing the Portuguese population of drivers, were included. 3.1% acknowledged falling asleep while driving during the previous year; 0.67% recalled sleepiness-related crashes. Higher education, driving more than 15000 km/year, driving more frequently between 0 and 6 AM, fewer years of having a drivers license, less total sleep time per night and higher scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were all independently associated with sleepy driving. Sleepiness related crashes and near misses were associated only with falling asleep at the wheel in the previous year. Sleep related crashes occurred more frequently in drivers that had also had sleep related near misses. Conclusion: Portugal has lower self-reported sleepiness at the wheel and sleep related near-misses than most other countries where epidemiological data is available. Different population characteristics, cultural, social and road safety specificities may be involved in these discrepancies. Despite this, Portuguese drivers report sleep related crashes in frequencies similar to drivers in other countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344780.v2
title: Application of a Rule-Based Approach in Real-Time Crash Risk Prediction Model Development Using Loop Detector Data

description: <b>Objectives</b>: There is a growing trend in development and application of real-time crash risk prediction models within dynamic safety management systems. These real-time crash risk prediction models are constructed by associating crash data with the real-time traffic surveillance data (e.g., collected by loop detectors). The main objective of this article is to develop a real-time risk model that will potentially be utilized within traffic management systems. This model aims to predict the likelihood of crash occurrence on motorways.<b>Methods</b>: In this study, the potential prediction variables are confined to traffic-related characteristics. Given that the dependent variable (i.e., traffic safety condition) is dichotomous (i.e., “no-crash” or “crash”), a rule-based approach is considered for model development. The performance of rule-based classifiers is further compared with the more conventional techniques like binary logistic regression and decision trees. The crash and traffic data used in this study were collected between June 2009 and December 2011 on a part of the E313 motorway in Belgium between Geel-East and Antwerp-East exits, on the direction toward Antwerp.<b>Results</b>: The results of analysis show that several traffic flow characteristics such as traffic volume, average speed, and standard deviation of speed at the upstream loop detector station and the difference in average speed on upstream and downstream loop detector stations significantly contribute to the crash occurrence prediction. The final chosen classifier is able to predict 70% of crash occasions accurately, and it correctly predicts 90% of no-crash instances, indicating a 10% false alarm rate.<b>Conclusions</b>: The findings of this study can be used to predict the likelihood of crash occurrence on motorways within dynamic safety management systems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344763
title: Locating the Informal in the Formal?

description: This paper explores the influences that led to the development of the Free Health Care<br>Initiative (FHCI), which requires the provision of free health services for pregnant<br>women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of five years. The paper will<br>explore the impact of the policy on women actors as both recipients and informal<br>providers of health care in post-war Sierra Leone. Since the end of the Sierra Leone<br>civil war in 2002, there has been much focus on maternal and child health issues due<br>to the staggeringly high maternal and child mortality rates, when compared to the<br>rest of the world. Currently, international considerations exist such as the Convention<br>for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the<br>Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to ensure nations are responsive to women’s<br>health concerns. These often externally driven policies may not be based on internal<br>motivation, and may have negative local consequences.<br>Although the FHCI has improved accessibility of clinical services provided by the<br>government by eliminating user fees, a provision was made to eliminate the services of<br>traditional birth attendants (TBAs), who historically provided affordable birth services<br>for women in rural regions of Sierra Leone. The new health policy thus criminalizes<br>the actions of TBAs, stripping them of the ability to practice their craft and earn a<br>living. This paper examines the sometimes-contradictory results inherent when international<br>laws and mandates get translated into local contexts and problematizes the<br>uni-dimensional ways in which women’s empowerment is often promoted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344763.v1
title: Locating the Informal in the Formal?

description: This paper explores the influences that led to the development of the Free Health Care<br>Initiative (FHCI), which requires the provision of free health services for pregnant<br>women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of five years. The paper will<br>explore the impact of the policy on women actors as both recipients and informal<br>providers of health care in post-war Sierra Leone. Since the end of the Sierra Leone<br>civil war in 2002, there has been much focus on maternal and child health issues due<br>to the staggeringly high maternal and child mortality rates, when compared to the<br>rest of the world. Currently, international considerations exist such as the Convention<br>for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the<br>Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to ensure nations are responsive to women’s<br>health concerns. These often externally driven policies may not be based on internal<br>motivation, and may have negative local consequences.<br>Although the FHCI has improved accessibility of clinical services provided by the<br>government by eliminating user fees, a provision was made to eliminate the services of<br>traditional birth attendants (TBAs), who historically provided affordable birth services<br>for women in rural regions of Sierra Leone. The new health policy thus criminalizes<br>the actions of TBAs, stripping them of the ability to practice their craft and earn a<br>living. This paper examines the sometimes-contradictory results inherent when international<br>laws and mandates get translated into local contexts and problematizes the<br>uni-dimensional ways in which women’s empowerment is often promoted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344764
title: Food Security in South Asian Countries: 1972 to 2013

description: The paper empirically examines the effects of trade liberalization reforms on food security in South Asia countries (sacs) using econometric analysis in a panel framework for the period from 1972 to 2013. The estimated results indicate that trade liberalization has a significant positive effect on food production and food security in the region. The results also endorse the role of agriculture factors in improving food production and food security in sacs. The findings indicate that food security is mainly a political problem in South Asia. Solving conflicts politically, violence prevention, the reduction of international arms trade, and the reduction of military expenditures and protection of civil and political rights should be central to policies that address food security issue in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344779.v2
title: Statistical Characteristics of Wrong-Way Driving Crashes on Illinois Freeways

description: <b>Objective:</b> Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than 6 decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crash as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries.<b>Methods:</b> The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways were statistically analyzed for a 6-year time period (2004 to 2009) from 3 aspects: crash, vehicle, and person. The temporal distributions, geographical distributions, roadway characteristics, and crash locations were analyzed for WWD crashes. The driver demographic information, physical condition, and injury severity were analyzed for wrong-way drivers. The vehicle characteristics, vehicle operation, and collision results were analyzed for WWD vehicles. A method was brought about to identify wrong-way entry points that was then used to develop a relative-importance technique and rank different interchange types in terms of potential WWD incidents.<b>Results:</b> The findings revealed that a large proportion of WWD crashes occurred during the weekend from midnight to 5 a.m. Approximately 80% of WWD crashes were located in urban areas and nearly 70% of wrong-way vehicles were passenger cars. Approximately 58% of wrong-way drivers were driving under the influence (DUI). Of those, nearly 50% were confirmed to be impaired by alcohol, about 4% were impaired by drugs, and more than 3% had been drinking. The analysis of interchange ranking found that compressed diamond interchanges, single point diamond interchanges (SPDIs), partial cloverleaf interchanges, and freeway feeders had the highest wrong-way crash rates (wrong-way crashes per 100 interchanges per year).<b>Conclusions:</b> The findings of this study call for more attention to WWD crashes from different aspects such as driver age group, time of day, day of week, and DUI drivers. Based on the analysis results of WWD distance, the study explained why a 5-mile radius of WWD crash location should be studied for WWD fatal crashes with unknown entry points.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344685
title: Gaussian Job Archive for FH5O5Se

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344764.v2
title: Food Security in South Asian Countries: 1972 to 2013

description: The paper empirically examines the effects of trade liberalization reforms on food security in South Asia countries (sacs) using econometric analysis in a panel framework for the period from 1972 to 2013. The estimated results indicate that trade liberalization has a significant positive effect on food production and food security in the region. The results also endorse the role of agriculture factors in improving food production and food security in sacs. The findings indicate that food security is mainly a political problem in South Asia. Solving conflicts politically, violence prevention, the reduction of international arms trade, and the reduction of military expenditures and protection of civil and political rights should be central to policies that address food security issue in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344765.v1
title: SamSrf toolbox for pRF mapping

description: Our Matlab toolbox for pRF mapping analysis. Uses SPM and FreeSurfer functionality for preprocessing. Also requires Statistics Toolbox, Optimization Toolbox, and Curve Fitting Toolbox (not strictly necessary) for Matlab.<br><br>An extensive documentation "cookbook" is included. Please contact Sam (sampendu.wordpress.com) for any questions but please be advised that we are not able to provide tech support for people we don't collaborate with.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344779.v4
title: Statistical Characteristics of Wrong-Way Driving Crashes on Illinois Freeways

description: <b>Objective:</b> Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than 6 decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crash as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries.<b>Methods:</b> The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways were statistically analyzed for a 6-year time period (2004 to 2009) from 3 aspects: crash, vehicle, and person. The temporal distributions, geographical distributions, roadway characteristics, and crash locations were analyzed for WWD crashes. The driver demographic information, physical condition, and injury severity were analyzed for wrong-way drivers. The vehicle characteristics, vehicle operation, and collision results were analyzed for WWD vehicles. A method was brought about to identify wrong-way entry points that was then used to develop a relative-importance technique and rank different interchange types in terms of potential WWD incidents.<b>Results:</b> The findings revealed that a large proportion of WWD crashes occurred during the weekend from midnight to 5 a.m. Approximately 80% of WWD crashes were located in urban areas and nearly 70% of wrong-way vehicles were passenger cars. Approximately 58% of wrong-way drivers were driving under the influence (DUI). Of those, nearly 50% were confirmed to be impaired by alcohol, about 4% were impaired by drugs, and more than 3% had been drinking. The analysis of interchange ranking found that compressed diamond interchanges, single point diamond interchanges (SPDIs), partial cloverleaf interchanges, and freeway feeders had the highest wrong-way crash rates (wrong-way crashes per 100 interchanges per year).<b>Conclusions:</b> The findings of this study call for more attention to WWD crashes from different aspects such as driver age group, time of day, day of week, and DUI drivers. Based on the analysis results of WWD distance, the study explained why a 5-mile radius of WWD crash location should be studied for WWD fatal crashes with unknown entry points.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344684
title: Gaussian Job Archive for FH5O5S

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344764.v1
title: Food Security in South Asian Countries: 1972 to 2013

description: The paper empirically examines the effects of trade liberalization reforms on food security in South Asia countries (sacs) using econometric analysis in a panel framework for the period from 1972 to 2013. The estimated results indicate that trade liberalization has a significant positive effect on food production and food security in the region. The results also endorse the role of agriculture factors in improving food production and food security in sacs. The findings indicate that food security is mainly a political problem in South Asia. Solving conflicts politically, violence prevention, the reduction of international arms trade, and the reduction of military expenditures and protection of civil and political rights should be central to policies that address food security issue in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344670
title: Gaussian Job Archive for BrH5O6

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344684.v1
title: Gaussian Job Archive for FH5O5S

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344685.v1
title: Gaussian Job Archive for FH5O5Se

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344765.v2
title: SamSrf toolbox for pRF mapping

description: Our Matlab toolbox for pRF mapping analysis. Uses SPM and FreeSurfer functionality for preprocessing. Also requires Statistics Toolbox, Optimization Toolbox, and Curve Fitting Toolbox (not strictly necessary) for Matlab.<br><br>An extensive documentation "cookbook" is included. Please contact Sam (sampendu.wordpress.com) for any questions but please be advised that we are not able to provide tech support for people we don't collaborate with.<br><br>Current version: 5.49 (02-04-2015)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344779.v3
title: Statistical Characteristics of Wrong-Way Driving Crashes on Illinois Freeways

description: <b>Objective:</b> Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than 6 decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crash as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries.<b>Methods:</b> The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways were statistically analyzed for a 6-year time period (2004 to 2009) from 3 aspects: crash, vehicle, and person. The temporal distributions, geographical distributions, roadway characteristics, and crash locations were analyzed for WWD crashes. The driver demographic information, physical condition, and injury severity were analyzed for wrong-way drivers. The vehicle characteristics, vehicle operation, and collision results were analyzed for WWD vehicles. A method was brought about to identify wrong-way entry points that was then used to develop a relative-importance technique and rank different interchange types in terms of potential WWD incidents.<b>Results:</b> The findings revealed that a large proportion of WWD crashes occurred during the weekend from midnight to 5 a.m. Approximately 80% of WWD crashes were located in urban areas and nearly 70% of wrong-way vehicles were passenger cars. Approximately 58% of wrong-way drivers were driving under the influence (DUI). Of those, nearly 50% were confirmed to be impaired by alcohol, about 4% were impaired by drugs, and more than 3% had been drinking. The analysis of interchange ranking found that compressed diamond interchanges, single point diamond interchanges (SPDIs), partial cloverleaf interchanges, and freeway feeders had the highest wrong-way crash rates (wrong-way crashes per 100 interchanges per year).<b>Conclusions:</b> The findings of this study call for more attention to WWD crashes from different aspects such as driver age group, time of day, day of week, and DUI drivers. Based on the analysis results of WWD distance, the study explained why a 5-mile radius of WWD crash location should be studied for WWD fatal crashes with unknown entry points.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1344669
title: Gaussian Job Archive for ClH5O6

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.