cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632783.v2
title: Consumer acceptance of reformulated food products: A systematic review and meta-analysis of salt-reduced foods

description: Food product reformulation is promoted as an effective strategy to reduce population salt intake and address the associated burden of chronic disease. Salt has a number of functions in food processing, including impacting upon physical and sensory properties. Manufacturers must ensure that reformulation of foods to reduce salt does not compromise consumer acceptability. The aim of this systematic review is to determine to what extent foods can be reduced in salt without detrimental effect on consumer acceptability. Fifty studies reported on salt reduction, replacement or compensation in processed meats, breads, cheeses, soups, and miscellaneous products. For each product category, levels of salt reduction were collapsed into four groups: &lt;40%, 40–59%, 60–79% and ≥80%. Random effects meta-analyses conducted on salt-reduced products showed that salt could be reduced by approximately 40% in breads [mean change in acceptability for reduction &lt;40% (−0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.62, 0.08; <i>p </i>= 0.13)] and approximately 70% in processed meats [mean change in acceptability for reductions 60–69% (−0.18, 95% CI −0.44, 0.07; <i>p</i> = 0.15)] without significantly impacting consumer acceptability. Results varied for other products. These results will support manufacturers to make greater reductions in salt when reformulating food products, which in turn will contribute to a healthier food supply.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632783.v1
title: Consumer Acceptance of Reformulated Food Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Salt-reduced Foods

description: ABSTRACTFood product reformulation is promoted as an effective strategy to reduce population salt intake and address the associated burden of chronic disease. Salt has a number of functions in food processing, including impacting upon physical and sensory properties. Manufacturers must ensure that reformulation of foods to reduce salt does not compromise consumer acceptability.The aim of this systematic review is to determine to what extent foods can be reduced in salt without detrimental effect on consumer acceptability.Fifty studies reported on salt reduction, replacement or compensation in processed meats, breads, cheeses, soups, and miscellaneous products. For each product category, levels of salt reduction were collapsed into four groups: &lt;40%, 40–59%, 60–70% and ≥80%. Random effects meta-analyses conducted on salt-reduced products showed that salt could be reduced by approximately 40% in breads [mean change in acceptability for reduction &lt;40% (−0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.62, 0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.13)] and approximately 70% in processed meats [mean change in acceptability for reductions 60–69% (−0.18, 95% CI −0.44, 0.07; <i>p</i> = 0.15)] without significantly impacting consumer acceptability. Results varied for other products.These results will support manufacturers to make greater reductions in salt when reformulating food products, which in turn will contribute to a healthier food supply.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632771
title: An exceptionally well preserved new species of ostracod (Crustacea) with soft parts in Baltic amber

description: A well-preserved ostracod in Baltic amber has been analysed with noninvasive methods by synchrotron radiation. A micro-tomographic image stack was prepared. The appendages are visualised as images and drawings are based on photographs of different images planes provided. The result is a description of a new species, <i>Cypria kempfi</i>, from the Eocene of Northern Germany. The way the fossilisation of this aquatic animal may have occurred is discussed. The possible ecological preferences of the species are considered.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632769
title: Using stable isotopes to resolve transit times and travel routes of river water: a case study from southern Finland<sup>†</sup>

description: The stable isotopic composition of two rivers, the Vantaanjoki River and the Kokemäenjoki River, in southern and southwestern Finland was studied to resolve the transit times and travel routes of the river water in the two different catchments. The Kokemäenjoki River is dominated by great lake basins whereas the Vantaanjoki River has been reported having a significant groundwater component. The mean residence time of the young surface flow component could be resolved by sine function fitting onto the annual fluctuations of the isotopic signal, and the amount of base flow was estimated by using the isotopic composition of the river and groundwater. In this study, we found that the methods work for simple two component catchments. In more complex cases with three different components mixing, the solution becomes increasingly difficult and requires more study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632767
title: Cryptic diversity and unexpected evolutionary patterns in the meadow lizard, <i>Darevskia praticola</i> (Eversmann, 1834)

description: <i>Darevskia praticola</i> differs from the other species of the genus in having a large but disjunct distribution, covering the Balkan and the Caucasus regions. Furthermore, most <i>Darevskia</i> species occupy saxicolous habitats, whereas <i>D. praticola</i> inhabits meadows and forest environments. Here we determine the phylogeographic and phylogenetic relationships of <i>Darevskia praticola</i> sensu lato and evaluate the current, morphology-based taxonomy. We sequenced two mtDNA genes (Cyt-<i>b</i> and ND4) and two nuclear loci (MC1R and RELN) for samples collected across the species range. Because our sequences amplified with the Cyt-<i>b</i> primers appear to represent a nuclear pseudogene we excluded this marker from the final analysis. Our results support monophyly of <i>D. praticola</i> and show its division into three clades. The first divergence, dated to the Late Pliocene, is between the Balkans and the Caucasus. The Caucasus lineage is further subdivided in a western Greater Caucasus and a Transcaucasia clade, likely due to subsequent differentiation during the Pleistocene. Our findings do not support the current taxonomic arrangement within <i>D. praticola</i>. The main geographic divergence likely happened due to a vicariance event associated with Plio-Pleistocene climatic and vegetation oscillations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632767.v1
title: Cryptic diversity and unexpected evolutionary patterns in the meadow lizard, <i>Darevskia praticola</i> (Eversmann, 1834)

description: <i>Darevskia praticola</i> differs from the other species of the genus in having a large but disjunct distribution, covering the Balkan and the Caucasus regions. Furthermore, most <i>Darevskia</i> species occupy saxicolous habitats, whereas <i>D. praticola</i> inhabits meadows and forest environments. Here we determine the phylogeographic and phylogenetic relationships of <i>Darevskia praticola</i> sensu lato and evaluate the current, morphology-based taxonomy. We sequenced two mtDNA genes (Cyt-<i>b</i> and ND4) and two nuclear loci (MC1R and RELN) for samples collected across the species range. Because our sequences amplified with the Cyt-<i>b</i> primers appear to represent a nuclear pseudogene we excluded this marker from the final analysis. Our results support monophyly of <i>D. praticola</i> and show its division into three clades. The first divergence, dated to the Late Pliocene, is between the Balkans and the Caucasus. The Caucasus lineage is further subdivided in a western Greater Caucasus and a Transcaucasia clade, likely due to subsequent differentiation during the Pleistocene. Our findings do not support the current taxonomic arrangement within <i>D. praticola</i>. The main geographic divergence likely happened due to a vicariance event associated with Plio-Pleistocene climatic and vegetation oscillations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632769.v2
title: Using stable isotopes to resolve transit times and travel routes of river water: a case study from southern Finland<sup>†</sup>

description: The stable isotopic composition of two rivers, the Vantaanjoki River and the Kokemäenjoki River, in southern and southwestern Finland was studied to resolve the transit times and travel routes of the river water in the two different catchments. The Kokemäenjoki River is dominated by great lake basins whereas the Vantaanjoki River has been reported having a significant groundwater component. The mean residence time of the young surface flow component could be resolved by sine function fitting onto the annual fluctuations of the isotopic signal, and the amount of base flow was estimated by using the isotopic composition of the river and groundwater. In this study, we found that the methods work for simple two component catchments. In more complex cases with three different components mixing, the solution becomes increasingly difficult and requires more study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632763
title: The maternal perspective for five Slovenian regions: The importance of regional sampling

description: <i>Background</i>: The Slovenian territory is geographically positioned between the Alps, Adriatic Sea, Pannonian basin and the Dinaric Mountains and, as such, has served as a passageway for various populations in different periods of time. Turbulent historic events and diverse geography of the region have produced a diverse contemporary population whose genetic analysis could provide insight into past demographic events.<i>Aim</i>: The aims of this study were to characterize the Slovenian mitochondrial gene pool at the micro-geographic level and to compare it with surrounding populations.<i>Subjects and methods</i>: A total of 402 individuals from five Slovenian regions were analysed in this study by typing HVR I, HVR II and coding region polymorphisms of mtDNA.<i>Results</i>: Analysis revealed 47 haplogroups and sub-haplogroups, the most common of which were H*, H1, J1c, T2 and U5a. Intra-population comparisons revealed a sharp gradient of the J1c haplogroup between Slovenian regions, with a peak frequency of 24.5% being observed in the population of the Littoral Region.<i>Conclusion</i>: The sharp gradient of the J1c haplogroup between Slovenian regions is in line with the archaeological horizon known as Impressed Ware culture and could, therefore, represent a genetic trace of the early Neolithic expansion route along the East Adriatic coastal region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632769.v1
title: Using stable isotopes to resolve transit times and travel routes of river water: a case study from southern Finland

description: ABSTRACTThe stable isotopic composition of two rivers, the Vantaanjoki River and the Kokemäenjoki River, in southern and southwestern Finland was studied to resolve the transit times and travel routes of the river water in the two different catchments. The Kokemäenjoki River is dominated by great lake basins whereas the Vantaanjoki River has been reported having a significant groundwater component. The mean residence time of the young surface flow component could be resolved by sine function fitting onto the annual fluctuations of the isotopic signal, and the amount of base flow was estimated by using the isotopic composition of the river and groundwater. In this study, we found that the methods work for simple two component catchments. In more complex cases with three different components mixing, the solution becomes increasingly difficult and requires more study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632763.v1
title: The maternal perspective for five Slovenian regions: The importance of regional sampling

description: <i>Background</i>: The Slovenian territory is geographically positioned between the Alps, Adriatic Sea, Pannonian basin and the Dinaric Mountains and, as such, has served as a passageway for various populations in different periods of time. Turbulent historic events and diverse geography of the region have produced a diverse contemporary population whose genetic analysis could provide insight into past demographic events.<i>Aim</i>: The aims of this study were to characterize the Slovenian mitochondrial gene pool at the micro-geographic level and to compare it with surrounding populations.<i>Subjects and methods</i>: A total of 402 individuals from five Slovenian regions were analysed in this study by typing HVR I, HVR II and coding region polymorphisms of mtDNA.<i>Results</i>: Analysis revealed 47 haplogroups and sub-haplogroups, the most common of which were H*, H1, J1c, T2 and U5a. Intra-population comparisons revealed a sharp gradient of the J1c haplogroup between Slovenian regions, with a peak frequency of 24.5% being observed in the population of the Littoral Region.<i>Conclusion</i>: The sharp gradient of the J1c haplogroup between Slovenian regions is in line with the archaeological horizon known as Impressed Ware culture and could, therefore, represent a genetic trace of the early Neolithic expansion route along the East Adriatic coastal region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632755
title: Towards a comprehensive, integrative analysis of the diversity of European microplaninid land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Microplaninae), with the description of two peculiar new species

description: The present study forms a first and major step towards a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of the species diversity of European microplaninid land planarians by presenting a molecular phylogenetic tree on the basis of alignments of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene from 158 specimens as well as a concatenated phylogeny (Cox1 and 18S genes) on the basis of 41 sequences for nine <i>Microplana</i> species included in this study. Genetic distances between and within known and new species were calculated. Combined morphological and molecular results facilitated an integrative delimitation of new species as well as the diagnosis of new populations of already known species. An integrative account is provided of two new and aberrant species from the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. Through the molecular approach a Confirmed Candidate Species was detected among the newly sampled populations. Further we document samples from new localities for five already known species as well as new sites for the Confirmed Candidate Species. The new data considerably expand the European range of several already known species included in the present study. The results of an in-depth study of the taxonomic literature, as well as original material, are documented since this was required for appropriate identification of the new materials. This part of the study resulted in a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of several nominal species and in the following taxonomic conclusions: <i>Rhynchodemus pyrenaicus</i> is a species of <i>Microplana</i> and not <i>Rhynchodemus</i>; <i>Rhynchodemus attemsi</i>, <i>R. peneckei</i>, and <i>R. henrici</i> should be transferred to the genus <i>Microplana</i>; <i>Microplana attemsi</i> and <i>M. peneckei</i> are not junior synonyms of <i>M. henrici</i>; <i>Microplana styriaca</i> is not a synonym of <i>M. terrestris</i>; <i>Rhynchodemus howesi</i> is not a junior synonym of <i>M. pyrenaica</i> and belongs to the genus <i>Rhynchodemus</i> and not to <i>Microplana</i>; <i>Microplana richardi</i> is not a synonym of <i>M. terrestris.</i> The current diagnosis of the genus <i>Microplana</i> should be amended such that it refers to the situation that the species <i>generally</i> have two small eyes but occasionally may have multiple eyes. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22B437AA-9D41-4DA0-AE3C-BD8F636CB96D
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632755.v2
title: Towards a comprehensive, integrative analysis of the diversity of European microplaninid land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Microplaninae), with the description of two peculiar new species

description: The present study forms a first and major step towards a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of the species diversity of European microplaninid land planarians by presenting a molecular phylogenetic tree on the basis of alignments of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene from 158 specimens as well as a concatenated phylogeny (Cox1 and 18S genes) on the basis of 41 sequences for nine <i>Microplana</i> species included in this study. Genetic distances between and within known and new species were calculated. Combined morphological and molecular results facilitated an integrative delimitation of new species as well as the diagnosis of new populations of already known species. An integrative account is provided of two new and aberrant species from the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. Through the molecular approach a Confirmed Candidate Species was detected among the newly sampled populations. Further we document samples from new localities for five already known species as well as new sites for the Confirmed Candidate Species. The new data considerably expand the European range of several already known species included in the present study. The results of an in-depth study of the taxonomic literature, as well as original material, are documented since this was required for appropriate identification of the new materials. This part of the study resulted in a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of several nominal species and in the following taxonomic conclusions: <i>Rhynchodemus pyrenaicus</i> is a species of <i>Microplana</i> and not <i>Rhynchodemus</i>; <i>Rhynchodemus attemsi</i>, <i>R. peneckei</i>, and <i>R. henrici</i> should be transferred to the genus <i>Microplana</i>; <i>Microplana attemsi</i> and <i>M. peneckei</i> are not junior synonyms of <i>M. henrici</i>; <i>Microplana styriaca</i> is not a synonym of <i>M. terrestris</i>; <i>Rhynchodemus howesi</i> is not a junior synonym of <i>M. pyrenaica</i> and belongs to the genus <i>Rhynchodemus</i> and not to <i>Microplana</i>; <i>Microplana richardi</i> is not a synonym of <i>M. terrestris.</i> The current diagnosis of the genus <i>Microplana</i> should be amended such that it refers to the situation that the species <i>generally</i> have two small eyes but occasionally may have multiple eyes. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22B437AA-9D41-4DA0-AE3C-BD8F636CB96D
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632733
title: Metaultramafic schists and dismembered ophiolites of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite of northwestern North Carolina, USA

description: Metaultramafic rocks (MUR) in the Ashe Metamorphic Suite (AMS) of northwestern North Carolina include quartz ± feldspar-bearing QF-amphibolites and quartz-deficient, locally talc-, chlorite-, and/or Mg-amphibole-bearing TC-amphibolites. Some workers divide TC-amphibolites into Todd and Edmonds types, based on mineral and geochemical differences, and we provisionally add a third type – olivine ± pyroxene-rich, Rich Mountain-type rocks. Regionally, MUR bodies range from equant, Rich Mountain- to highly elongate, Todd-TC-amphibolite-type bodies. The MURs exhibit three to five mineral associations containing assemblages with olivine, anthophyllitic amphibole, Mg-hornblende, Mg-actinolite, cummingtonite, and serpentine representing decreasing eclogite to greenschist facies grades of metamorphism over time. MUR protoliths are difficult to determine. Southwestern MUR bodies have remnant olivine ± pyroxene-rich assemblages representing ultrabasic-basic, dunite-peridotite-pyroxenite protoliths. Northeastern TC-amphibolite MURs contain hornblende and actinolitic amphiboles plus chlorites – aluminous and calcic assemblages suggesting to some that metasomatism of basic, QF-amphibolites yields all TC-amphibolites. Yet MgO-CaO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and trace element chemistries of many TC-amphibolites resemble compositions of plagioclase peridotites. We show that a few AMS TC-amphibolites had basaltic/gabbroic protoliths, while presenting arguments opposing application of the metasomatic hypothesis to <i>all</i> TC-amphibolites. We establish that MUR bodies are petrologically heterolithic and that TC-amphibolites are in contact with many rock types; that those with high Cr, Ni, and Mg have olivine- or pyroxene-dominated protoliths; that most exhibit three or more metamorphic mineral associations; and that contacts thought to be metasomatic are structural. Clearly, different MUR bodies have different chemistries representing various protoliths, and have different mineral assemblages, reflecting both chemical composition and metamorphic history. Spot sampling of heterolithic MUR bodies does not reveal MUR body character or history or allow ‘type’ designations. We recommend that the subdivision of MUR bodies into ‘types’ be abandoned and that the metasomatic hypothesis be carefully applied. AMS MURs and associated metamafic rocks likely represent fragments of dismembered ophiolites from various ophiolite types.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1632733.v1
title: Metaultramafic schists and dismembered ophiolites of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite of northwestern North Carolina, USA

description: Metaultramafic rocks (MUR) in the Ashe Metamorphic Suite (AMS) of northwestern North Carolina include quartz ± feldspar-bearing QF-amphibolites and quartz-deficient, locally talc-, chlorite-, and/or Mg-amphibole-bearing TC-amphibolites. Some workers divide TC-amphibolites into Todd and Edmonds types, based on mineral and geochemical differences, and we provisionally add a third type – olivine ± pyroxene-rich, Rich Mountain-type rocks. Regionally, MUR bodies range from equant, Rich Mountain- to highly elongate, Todd-TC-amphibolite-type bodies. The MURs exhibit three to five mineral associations containing assemblages with olivine, anthophyllitic amphibole, Mg-hornblende, Mg-actinolite, cummingtonite, and serpentine representing decreasing eclogite to greenschist facies grades of metamorphism over time. MUR protoliths are difficult to determine. Southwestern MUR bodies have remnant olivine ± pyroxene-rich assemblages representing ultrabasic-basic, dunite-peridotite-pyroxenite protoliths. Northeastern TC-amphibolite MURs contain hornblende and actinolitic amphiboles plus chlorites – aluminous and calcic assemblages suggesting to some that metasomatism of basic, QF-amphibolites yields all TC-amphibolites. Yet MgO-CaO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and trace element chemistries of many TC-amphibolites resemble compositions of plagioclase peridotites. We show that a few AMS TC-amphibolites had basaltic/gabbroic protoliths, while presenting arguments opposing application of the metasomatic hypothesis to <i>all</i> TC-amphibolites. We establish that MUR bodies are petrologically heterolithic and that TC-amphibolites are in contact with many rock types; that those with high Cr, Ni, and Mg have olivine- or pyroxene-dominated protoliths; that most exhibit three or more metamorphic mineral associations; and that contacts thought to be metasomatic are structural. Clearly, different MUR bodies have different chemistries representing various protoliths, and have different mineral assemblages, reflecting both chemical composition and metamorphic history. Spot sampling of heterolithic MUR bodies does not reveal MUR body character or history or allow ‘type’ designations. We recommend that the subdivision of MUR bodies into ‘types’ be abandoned and that the metasomatic hypothesis be carefully applied. AMS MURs and associated metamafic rocks likely represent fragments of dismembered ophiolites from various ophiolite types.