cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009119.v1
title: Productive performance, composition and carcass yield of lambs treated with zeranol

description: Twenty weaned male hair lambs with average body live weight of 19.20 kg±2.18 kg (SD) were used to evaluate the effect of zeranol on growth, composition and carcass yield. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design with two treatments: no anabolics (control); and treatment with zeranol, using a subcutaneous dose of 10 mg/50 kg body live weight. Lambs received a diet with 15 g/100 g of crude protein and 2.8 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg dry matter for 84 days. At the end of experiment all animals were harvested and entire carcass and its parts (neck, shoulder, loin-rib, loin-skirt and leg) were weighed to determine the composition of muscle and bone. Control animals had higher dry matter intake (1.01 vs 0.88 kg/d), average daily gain (198 vs 172 g/animal) and total weight gain (12.9 vs 10.9 kg) compared with those treated with zeranol. Zeranol group had higher muscle weight (1.76 vs 1.98 kg) and less bone (0.86 vs 0.61 kg) in leg section. The leg area represented about 16 kg/100 kg of the carcass weight for both treatments. No differences for other carcass traits were observed. Lambs treated with zeranol have better leg conformation because they develop more muscle mass, though their average feed intake and daily gain decrease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009124
title: Concentration of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids in the milk from grazing cows supplemented with palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed

description: The changes in the concentration of trans-vaccenic (C18:1t-11) and rumenic (C18:2c-9,t-11) acids in the milk from cows grazing on Pennisetum clandestinum, fed a supplement containing palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed were evaluated. Three supplements were assessed: one control supplement containing palm oil (C), with a low concentration of linoleic acid mainly from palm oil, and two supplements containing rice bran (RB) or whole cottonseed (CS) as the main source of linoleic acid. Six Holstein cows (4.2±1.7 years of age, 532.5±50.7 kg BW, 125±29 days in milk and a milk yield of 21.7 5.8 kg d−1; Mean±SD) were assigned to each treatment using a double 3 × 3 × 3 Latin Square Design. Compared with treatment C, the milk fat concentrations of trans-vaccenic acid (31.1 and 23.8 g kg−1 of fatty acids for RB and C, respectively), rumenic acid (14.1 and 11.3 g kg-1 of fatty acid for RB and C, respectively) and unsaturated fatty acids (348.7 and 325.4 g kg−1of fatty acid for RB and C, respectively) were higher for RB. Compared with C and CS treatments, the Δ9-desaturase index was higher for RB (0.37, 0.35 and 0.34 for RB, C and CS, respectively) and the thrombogenicity index was lower (3.09, 3.43 and 3.50 for RB, C and CS, respectively). The atherogenicity index was lower for RB treatment compared with C, but not compared with CS (1.85, 2.03, 1.97 for RB, C and CS, respectively). Supplementing rice bran to grazing dairy cows is a good alternative for producing a kind of milk beneficial to human health, due to its higher concentrations of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids, unsaturated fatty acids and lower thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indexes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009124.v1
title: Concentration of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids in the milk from grazing cows supplemented with palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed

description: The changes in the concentration of trans-vaccenic (C18:1t-11) and rumenic (C18:2c-9,t-11) acids in the milk from cows grazing on Pennisetum clandestinum, fed a supplement containing palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed were evaluated. Three supplements were assessed: one control supplement containing palm oil (C), with a low concentration of linoleic acid mainly from palm oil, and two supplements containing rice bran (RB) or whole cottonseed (CS) as the main source of linoleic acid. Six Holstein cows (4.2±1.7 years of age, 532.5±50.7 kg BW, 125±29 days in milk and a milk yield of 21.7 5.8 kg d−1; Mean±SD) were assigned to each treatment using a double 3 × 3 × 3 Latin Square Design. Compared with treatment C, the milk fat concentrations of trans-vaccenic acid (31.1 and 23.8 g kg−1 of fatty acids for RB and C, respectively), rumenic acid (14.1 and 11.3 g kg-1 of fatty acid for RB and C, respectively) and unsaturated fatty acids (348.7 and 325.4 g kg−1of fatty acid for RB and C, respectively) were higher for RB. Compared with C and CS treatments, the Δ9-desaturase index was higher for RB (0.37, 0.35 and 0.34 for RB, C and CS, respectively) and the thrombogenicity index was lower (3.09, 3.43 and 3.50 for RB, C and CS, respectively). The atherogenicity index was lower for RB treatment compared with C, but not compared with CS (1.85, 2.03, 1.97 for RB, C and CS, respectively). Supplementing rice bran to grazing dairy cows is a good alternative for producing a kind of milk beneficial to human health, due to its higher concentrations of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids, unsaturated fatty acids and lower thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indexes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009125.v1
title: Image monitoring on the behavior study of three genetic groups of confined goats

description: The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of three genetic groups of confined goats by image monitoring using nine unneutered goats of the Azul, Graúna and Moxotó genotypes. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (genetic groups × periods - morning, afternoon and night), with three replications. Animals were monitored by video cameras placed at the ceiling of each stall for 10 days. There were interaction factors in the frequency of behavioral categories: interaction with the trough, self-cleaning, standing bipedally, social interaction, and other activities. Azul, Graúna and Moxotó native goats kept in the same environment under the same system of containment and feeding show different frequencies and durations in their behaviors, which are influenced by the period of the day.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009125
title: Image monitoring on the behavior study of three genetic groups of confined goats

description: The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of three genetic groups of confined goats by image monitoring using nine unneutered goats of the Azul, Graúna and Moxotó genotypes. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (genetic groups × periods - morning, afternoon and night), with three replications. Animals were monitored by video cameras placed at the ceiling of each stall for 10 days. There were interaction factors in the frequency of behavioral categories: interaction with the trough, self-cleaning, standing bipedally, social interaction, and other activities. Azul, Graúna and Moxotó native goats kept in the same environment under the same system of containment and feeding show different frequencies and durations in their behaviors, which are influenced by the period of the day.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009127
title: Sorghum silage production system in Cariri, Paraíba

description: The objective of this study was to characterize the sorghum farming and ensiling systems in the Cariri region of Paraíba State (Brazil), and to identify different groups of producers based on productive characteristics using frequency distributions, and principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 100 milk producers in the Caturité and Boqueirão municipalities in the dairy region of Cariri, Paraíba, were selected to fill out a questionnaire comprised of 32 questions to collect data on both qualitative and quantitative variables. Of the 100 properties studied, 88% cultivated sorghum as silage forage for feeding dairy cows, demonstrating the importance of this cultural practice in the region of Cariri. Statistical analyses based on the variables studied identified four groups, composed of 35, 8, 6, and 39 farmers. The sorghum cultivation and ensiling production system in Cariri can be improved through the evaluation and improvement of soil fertility to obtain higher forage production, application of weed control using herbicides, and implementation of mechanized planting and harvesting to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with manpower.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009127.v1
title: Sorghum silage production system in Cariri, Paraíba

description: The objective of this study was to characterize the sorghum farming and ensiling systems in the Cariri region of Paraíba State (Brazil), and to identify different groups of producers based on productive characteristics using frequency distributions, and principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 100 milk producers in the Caturité and Boqueirão municipalities in the dairy region of Cariri, Paraíba, were selected to fill out a questionnaire comprised of 32 questions to collect data on both qualitative and quantitative variables. Of the 100 properties studied, 88% cultivated sorghum as silage forage for feeding dairy cows, demonstrating the importance of this cultural practice in the region of Cariri. Statistical analyses based on the variables studied identified four groups, composed of 35, 8, 6, and 39 farmers. The sorghum cultivation and ensiling production system in Cariri can be improved through the evaluation and improvement of soil fertility to obtain higher forage production, application of weed control using herbicides, and implementation of mechanized planting and harvesting to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with manpower.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009128
title: Effect of salinity on performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles reared in a super-intensive system

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the culture water quality, performance and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (1.16±0.30 g) reared for 36 days in a super-intensive system without water exchange at salinities of 4, 16 and 32‰. Groups of 200 animals (140/m2) were stocked, with three replicates, in nine fiber-cement tanks (1.11 × 1.29 × 0.70 m) with a useful volume of 400 L. Physical and chemical parameters of water, such as temperature and dissolved oxygen before and after midday, pH, alkalinity, total suspended solids, total ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, were monitored. Performance parameters like survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein retention rate, were also evaluated. The proximate composition of the juveniles was analyzed through the moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents. The physical and chemical parameters of the water were influenced by the treatments. The increased salinity produced a significant increase in the alkalinity and the concentrations of total suspended solids, nitrite and phosphate. Of the parameters that were examined to evaluate the performance and proximate composition of the shrimp, only survival, protein retention rate and body lipid content were significantly influenced. The highest values were found at a salinity of 32‰. However, the analysis of the proximate composition of the bioflocs showed that the moisture, protein and lipid contents increased as the salinity decreased. Growth, use of feed and survival of L. vannameijuveniles reared in a super-intensive system without water exchange is positively influenced by an increase of salinity from 4 to 32‰.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009128.v1
title: Effect of salinity on performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles reared in a super-intensive system

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the culture water quality, performance and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (1.16±0.30 g) reared for 36 days in a super-intensive system without water exchange at salinities of 4, 16 and 32‰. Groups of 200 animals (140/m2) were stocked, with three replicates, in nine fiber-cement tanks (1.11 × 1.29 × 0.70 m) with a useful volume of 400 L. Physical and chemical parameters of water, such as temperature and dissolved oxygen before and after midday, pH, alkalinity, total suspended solids, total ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, were monitored. Performance parameters like survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein retention rate, were also evaluated. The proximate composition of the juveniles was analyzed through the moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents. The physical and chemical parameters of the water were influenced by the treatments. The increased salinity produced a significant increase in the alkalinity and the concentrations of total suspended solids, nitrite and phosphate. Of the parameters that were examined to evaluate the performance and proximate composition of the shrimp, only survival, protein retention rate and body lipid content were significantly influenced. The highest values were found at a salinity of 32‰. However, the analysis of the proximate composition of the bioflocs showed that the moisture, protein and lipid contents increased as the salinity decreased. Growth, use of feed and survival of L. vannameijuveniles reared in a super-intensive system without water exchange is positively influenced by an increase of salinity from 4 to 32‰.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009130
title: Reaction norms models in the adjusted weight at 550 days of age for Polled Nellore cattle in Northeast Brazil

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) in the body weight adjusted to 550 days of age (W550) of Polled Nellore cattle raised in Northeastern Brazil using reaction norms (RN) models. Hierarchical RN models included fixed effects for age of cow (linear and quadratic) and random effects for contemporary groups (CG) and additive genetic RN level and slope. Four RN hierarchical models (RNHM) were used. The RNHM2S uses the solutions of contemporary groups estimated by the standard animal model (AM) and considers them as environmental level for predicting the reaction norms and the RNHM1S, which jointly estimate these two sets of unknowns. Two versions were considered for both models, one with a homogeneous (Hm) and another with a heterogeneous (He) residual variance. The one-step homogeneous residual variance model (RNHM1SHm) offered better adjustment to the data when compared with other models. For the RNHM1SHm model, estimates of additive genetic variance and heritability increased with environment improvement (260.75±75.80 kg2 to 4298.39±356.56 kg2 and 0.22±0.05 to 0.82±0.01, for low- and high-performance environments, respectively). High correlation (0.97±0.01) between the intercept and the slope of RN shows that animals with higher genetic values respond better to environment improvement. In the evaluation of breeding sires with higher genetic values in the various environments using Spearman's correlation, values between 0 and 0.98 were observed, pointing to high reclassification, especially among genetic values obtained by the animal model in comparison with those obtained via RNHM1SHm. The existence of GEI is confirmed, and so is the need for specific evaluations for low, medium and high level production environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009130.v1
title: Reaction norms models in the adjusted weight at 550 days of age for Polled Nellore cattle in Northeast Brazil

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) in the body weight adjusted to 550 days of age (W550) of Polled Nellore cattle raised in Northeastern Brazil using reaction norms (RN) models. Hierarchical RN models included fixed effects for age of cow (linear and quadratic) and random effects for contemporary groups (CG) and additive genetic RN level and slope. Four RN hierarchical models (RNHM) were used. The RNHM2S uses the solutions of contemporary groups estimated by the standard animal model (AM) and considers them as environmental level for predicting the reaction norms and the RNHM1S, which jointly estimate these two sets of unknowns. Two versions were considered for both models, one with a homogeneous (Hm) and another with a heterogeneous (He) residual variance. The one-step homogeneous residual variance model (RNHM1SHm) offered better adjustment to the data when compared with other models. For the RNHM1SHm model, estimates of additive genetic variance and heritability increased with environment improvement (260.75±75.80 kg2 to 4298.39±356.56 kg2 and 0.22±0.05 to 0.82±0.01, for low- and high-performance environments, respectively). High correlation (0.97±0.01) between the intercept and the slope of RN shows that animals with higher genetic values respond better to environment improvement. In the evaluation of breeding sires with higher genetic values in the various environments using Spearman's correlation, values between 0 and 0.98 were observed, pointing to high reclassification, especially among genetic values obtained by the animal model in comparison with those obtained via RNHM1SHm. The existence of GEI is confirmed, and so is the need for specific evaluations for low, medium and high level production environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009131
title: Effect of low or high stress in pre-slaughter handling on pig carcass and meat quality

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of low or high stress during pre-slaughter handling of pigs on their carcass and meat quality. Forty-four animals of a commercial lineage, with an average weight of 107.23±5.23 kg, were used. At lairage the animals were randomly divided into two groups, the least and the most stressed. At slaughter, during bleeding, blood samples were collected for later cortisol and lactate tests. Forty-five minutes after slaughter the initial pH of th carcasses was measured and samples of the semitendinosus muscle were collected for R-value calculation. After 24 hours of cooling, the final pH was measured, damage scores were assessed and samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were collected to evaluate drip loss, liquid loss from defrosting and cooking, shear force, lipid oxidation, and color. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey´s test. It was found that cortisol, lactate and R-value were lower and initial pH was higher for the least stressed animals, whereas the other parameters were not significantly affected. Thus, low stress in the pre-slaughter handling of pigs is effective in reducing stress and carcass damage, but has no effect on meat quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009131.v1
title: Effect of low or high stress in pre-slaughter handling on pig carcass and meat quality

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of low or high stress during pre-slaughter handling of pigs on their carcass and meat quality. Forty-four animals of a commercial lineage, with an average weight of 107.23±5.23 kg, were used. At lairage the animals were randomly divided into two groups, the least and the most stressed. At slaughter, during bleeding, blood samples were collected for later cortisol and lactate tests. Forty-five minutes after slaughter the initial pH of th carcasses was measured and samples of the semitendinosus muscle were collected for R-value calculation. After 24 hours of cooling, the final pH was measured, damage scores were assessed and samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were collected to evaluate drip loss, liquid loss from defrosting and cooking, shear force, lipid oxidation, and color. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey´s test. It was found that cortisol, lactate and R-value were lower and initial pH was higher for the least stressed animals, whereas the other parameters were not significantly affected. Thus, low stress in the pre-slaughter handling of pigs is effective in reducing stress and carcass damage, but has no effect on meat quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009134.v1
title: Effects of dietary brown propolis on nutrient intake and digestibility in feedlot lambs

description: The present study tested brown propolis in crude or extract form as a feed supplement for feedlot lambs to identify the type that most improves in vivo nutrient digestibility. Digestibility was assessed by both total fecal collection and internal markers and the results obtained by these techniques were compared. The completely randomized design was used to compare feed intake and nutrient digestibility of 24 male lambs aged seven months among four dietary treatments (crude brown propolis, propolis ethanol extract, monensin sodium, and control). Methods of feces collection were compared using a completely randomized split-plot design, with experimental diets corresponding to the main factor and the methods to estimate fecal production as the sub-factor. The diets had a roughage:concentrate ratio of 50:50, with Tifton-85 bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.) as roughage, and ground corn, soybean meal and minerals as concentrate. The lambs fed diets with crude propolis had higher feed intake than those fed diets containing monensin sodium. The different diets did not affect dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, or acid detergent fiber digestibility, but crude propolis supplementation provided higher ether extract digestibility than monensin sodium. Nutrient digestibility, as indicated by indigestible neutral detergent fiber, indigestible acid detergent fiber and sequentially-determined indigestible acid detergent fiber, was lower than that found with the fecal collection method. The addition of brown propolis has the same effect as monensin, but neither maximized nutrient availability in the diet of feedlot lambs at 7 months of age. Digestibility assessment using the internal markers indigestible neutral detergent fiber, indigestible acid detergent fiber and sequentially-determined indigestible acid detergent fiber is not an efficient method compared with total feces collection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20009133
title: Effect of supplementing finishing pigs with different sources of chromium on performance and meat quality

description: The objective was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of different sources of chromium (inorganic: chromium sulfate and chelated: chromium-methionine) during the finishing period of pigs to obtain improvements in the animal performance, and carcass and meat quality. The statistical design was randomized blocks, where 44 barrows, with an initial weight 60.49±5.12 kg, were divided into four blocks (heavier, heavy, light and lighter) according to initial weight. The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonutrient, except for the chromium level. The treatments were divided as follows: control (without chromium), control + 200 ppb of inorganic chromium (chromium sulfate), and control + 200 ppb of chelated chromium (chromium-methionine). In the performance measures, the stall was considered the experimental unit and in the blood parameters, carcass and meat evaluations each animal constituted the experimental unit. Animals were slaughtered when they reached the final average weight of 107.23±5.23 kg. Blood samples were collected and tested for blood parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose) as well as carcass quality (hot and cold weights, yield, loin-eye area, muscle depth and backfat thickness) and meat quality (initial and final pH, drip loss, color, chemical composition and lipid oxidation) parameters. Chromium-methionine supplementation provides a greater daily weight gain only compared with the animals that are not supplemented with chromium, because feed conversion is better as compared with the other treatments. After 24 hours of storage, the meat from pigs supplemented either with chromium-methionine or with chromium sulfate presents lower lipid oxidation than that from non-supplemented animals. However, after three days of storage, only chromim-methionine is effective in reducing lipid oxidation.