DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0gc
title: Bird records and habitat covariates databases (11 species; Oaxaca 2016-2018)

description: Assessing the impact of working landscapes on biodiversity and defining
 locally contextualized management guidelines for productive activities are
 key for sustainability. Occupancy dynamics provide information about sites
 in the landscape that are either avoided or preferred by populations
 through the estimation of extinction and colonization probabilities,
 respectively. We identified the habitat traits that affected colonization
 and extinction probabilities of target birds (forest-dependent, endemic,
 or conservation-concern species) within a Neotropical working landscape by
 using multi-season occupancy models to point-count data collected through
 a participatory monitoring approach, and considering our imperfect
 detectability of species in the field. We provided colonization and
 extinction scenarios according to local land uses (forestry plots,
 urban-cropfield areas, conservation forests) to recommend management
 activities that could have a positive impact on bird conservation. Shrub
 cover was key for local colonization of most of our focal species.
 Increasing values of tree size and tree species richness can enhance
 microhabitat complexity, which in turn promotes the presence of arboreal
 birds. Selective forestry management, in which only the largest
 individuals of a few tree species are extracted, promoted high
 colonization rates of birds because the structure of the vegetation
 remains relatively unaffected. In contrast, intensive forestry management
 plots, in which most trees are removed, resulted detrimental for bird
 occupancy. Local management guidelines should pay special attention to
 maintaining shrub cover, tree size, and tree species richness above
 critical values (&gt;50%, &gt;30 cm, &gt; 7 tree species,
 respectively) to promote habitat use by birds in this type of working
 landscapes.
description: Habitat traits: We measured eight environmental features that may
 affect bird occurrence at each point count station to determine the
 functional relationship between habitat traits and the dynamics of bird
 occupancy: tree species richness, tree density, average tree diameter at
 breast height, average arboreal height, percent tree cover, shrub species
 richness, percent shrub cover, and altitude. The relevance of our habitat
 traits for forestry activities was determined with the advice of local
 forestry technicians. A single observer visually estimated all vegetation
 cover variables. We calculated average values for tree diameter at breast
 height and arboreal height by measuring trees located at the center and at
 the four cardinal points of each bird count station.
 Bird surveys: To account for inter-annual and seasonal
 variability in bird occupancy, we performed five sampling events from 2016
 to 2018, which included three winters (January-February) and two summers
 (June). We surveyed birds in 151 point count stations separated by a
 minimum distance of 200 m to ensure independent data. We located point
 count stations following a spatially-balanced sampling design,
 distributing their number proportionally to the surface covered by each
 land use across the study site (i.e., 30 stations for C, 10 stations for
 IM, 48 stations for SM, 25 stations for FS, 38 stations for U-C). Birds
 were surveyed during a four-hour period beginning at sunrise to cover
 their peak activity. We recorded all heard or seen bird individuals within
 10-min fixed-radius (30 m) point counts. During each sampling season,
 point count stations were repeatedly surveyed (six replicates per site) by
 three independent observers who simultaneously counted birds. From the
 total pool of species, we selected a diverse group of 11 target species,
 including the Amethyst-throated Hummingbird (<i>Lampornis
 amethystinus</i>), the Bumblebee Hummingbird
 (<i>Atthis
 heloisa</i>), the Spot-crowned Woodcreeper
 (<i>Lepidocolaptes
 affinis</i>), the Brown Creeper (<i>Certhia
 americana</i>), the Brown-backed Solitaire
 (<i>Myadestes
 occidentalis</i>), the Russet Nightingale-Thrush
 (<i>Catharus
 occidentalis</i>), the Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush
 (<i>Catharus
 frantzii</i>), the Olive Warbler (<i>Peucedramus
 taeniatus</i>), the Chestnut-capped Brushfinch
 (<i>Arremon
 brunneinucha</i>), the Golden-browed Warbler
 (<i>Basileuterus
 belli</i>), and the Red Warbler (<i>Cardellina
 rubra</i>).
description: Data is comprised of both habitat covariates and bird records.
 Study site was located in Oaxaca, southern Mexico. We used this data to
 perform multi-season occupancy models, in order to determine bird habitat
 use across a working landscape where forestry is the main productive
 activity.