cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396978
title: FUNDAMENTALS OF AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF ACADEMIC LYCEUM STUDENTS
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj6vv
title: Fish communities critically depend on forest subsidies in small neotropical streams with high biodiversity value

description: Trophic support of species-rich tropical fish communities remains
 uncertain in small forest streams where dense and constant canopy cover
 strongly limits the solar radiation available to aquatic producers. We
 sampled &gt;1300 fish from 80 species in 14 remote headwater streams
 during the dry season in French Guiana. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope
 analyses and mixing models were run to estimate the trophic position (TP)
 of each species and its dependence on terrestrial organic carbon sources.
 Matching patterns were found between nitrogen stable isotope ratios and
 the literature on diets of species at the base and top of the food web.
 Nearly 60% of the species fed exclusively on animal prey (mean TP &gt;
 3), including piscivorous and parasitic fish species. Phylogenetic
 analysis revealed that TP were distributed broadly along the phylogeny and
 changed gradually within lineages. Carbon stable isotope ratios differed
 strongly between herbivores that fed on aquatic primary producers and
 those that fed on terrestrial plants along banksides. Terrestrial carbon
 was dominant in nearly 90% of species, and most of them depended more or
 less exclusively on terrestrial carbon. Ancestral state reconstructions
 indicated that only a few lineages showed local changes toward the
 consumption of algal carbon. We conclude that fish in neotropical
 headwater streams shaded by a dense tree canopy depend strongly on
 terrestrial subsidies. Changes in this aquatic-terrestrial linkage would
 have major consequences for the remarkable fish biodiversity in these
 streams.
description: Stable isotope analyses (d13C, d15N, and C/N ratio) of 1306 fish
 from 80 species collected in 14 remote headwater streams in French Guiana
 during the dry season , 2011-2012.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.05qfttf2r
title: Data from: Fractal characteristics of shale pore structure and its influence on seepage flow

description: The migration law of shale gas has a significant influence on the seepage
 characteristics of shale, and the flow of the gas is closely related to
 the pore structure. To explore the influence of shale pore parameters on
 permeability in different diffusion zones, the pore structure of the shale
 in the Niutitang Formation in Guizhou, China, was analyzed based on liquid
 nitrogen adsorption experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance
 experiments. The relationship among fractal dimension, organic carbon
 content (TOC), and BET specific surface area was analyzed based on the
 fractal dimension of shale pores calculated using the Frenkel‒Halsey‒Hill
 model. Shale permeability was calculated using the Knudsen number and
 permeability equation, and the influence of the fractal dimension and
 porosity in different diffusion zones on shale permeability was analyzed.
 Previous studies have shown that: (1) the pores of shale in the Niutitang
 Formation, Guizhou are mainly distributed within 1‒100 nm, with a small
 total pore volume per unit mass, average pore diameter, large BET specific
 surface area, and porosity; (2) fractal dimension has a negative
 correlation with average pore diameter and TOC content and a quadratic
 relationship with BET specific surface area; (3) permeability has a
 positive correlation with Kn, porosity, and fractal dimension. In the
 transitional diffusion zone, fractal dimension and porosity have a
 significant impact on permeability. In the Knudsen diffusion zone,
 porosity has no obvious effect on permeability. The methodologies and
 results presented will enable more accurate characterization of the
 complexity of pore structures of porous media, and allow further
 understanding of the seepage law of shale gas.
description: The following data set is a complete list of experiments.
DOI: 10.25338/b8m05z
title: Relationships between avian malaria resilience and corticosterone, testosterone and prolactin in a Hawaiian songbird

description: Glucocorticoids, androgens, and prolactin regulate metabolism and
 reproduction, but they also play critical roles in immunomodulation. Since
 the introduction of avian malaria to Hawaii a century ago, low elevation
 populations of the Hawaii Amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) that have
 experienced strong selection by avian malaria have evolved increased
 resilience (the ability to recover from infection), while high elevation
 populations that have undergone weak selection remain less resilient. We
 investigated how variation in malaria selection has affected
 corticosterone, testosterone, and prolactin hormone levels in Amakihi
 during the breeding season. We predicted that baseline corticosterone and
 testosterone (which have immunosuppressive functions) would be reduced in
 low elevation and malaria-infected birds, while stress-induced
 corticosterone and prolactin (which have immunostimulatory functions)
 would be greater in low elevation and malaria-infected birds. As
 predicted, prolactin was significantly higher in malaria-infected than
 uninfected females (although more robust sample sizes would help to
 confirm this relationship), while testosterone trended higher in
 malaria-infected than uninfected males and, surprisingly, neither baseline
 nor stress-induced CORT varied with malaria infection. Contrary to our
 predictions, stress-induced corticosterone was significantly lower in low
 than high elevation birds while testosterone in males and prolactin in
 females did not vary by elevation, suggesting that Amakihi hormone
 modulation across elevation is determined by variables other than disease
 selection (e.g., timing of breeding, energetic challenges). Our results
 shed new light on relationships between introduced disease and hormone
 modulation, and they raise new questions that could be explored in
 experimental settings.
description: The corresponding AMAKIHIHORMONES_readme.txt file contains
 information about each variable included in the dataset, including units,
 how it was obtained and/or how it was calculated. NA represents data that
 is not available. Additional information about how data was obtained can
 be found in the corresponding manuscript.
DOI: 10.26179/p0fz-wd81
title: Survey report from Davis Station 2025/2026
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt44
title: Reproductive allocation in plants in terms of biomass, energy or nutrients

description: Reproductive allocation (RA), the proportion of total resources that are
 invested in reproductive structures, is a key component of plant life
 histories. A major methodological issue is to identify the allocation
 currency that better estimates RA: biomass, energy or some mineral
 nutrient. Despite considerable effort to ascertain whether biomass could
 serve as an integrated estimate of the allocation of other resources, no
 clear guideline has emerged from the currency issue. Here, we reappraised
 this problem at an interespecific scale. We compiled a data base of 38
 studies that estimated RA in terms of two or more different resources for
 82 plant species. We tested the equivalence of allocation currencies by
 means of both bi- and multivariate correlations among currencies. We also
 tested for differences in allocation patterns between growth forms. RA was
 estimated in 18 different currencies, including biomass, energy and 16
 mineral nutrients. Nitrogen, P, K, Mg and Ca were the main nutrients used
 as allocation currency. Growth form accounted for 20-30% of differences in
 the resource allocation of multiple resources. The six resources most
 frequently used as estimates RA were roughly equivalent at an
 interspecific scale. Nevertheless, covariation patterns among currencies
 suggested that RA in plants should be better considered a multivariate
 trait and not estimated using a single currency. In particular,
 multivariate estimates of RA can contribute to the ongoing comparative
 studies of life histories and functional traits.
description: Data come from a literature search of relevant papers indicating
 reproductive allocation (RA) in plants in at least two currencies: biomass
 (dry mass), energy or nutrients. RA data were taken from tables or figures
 in the papers (indicated in the dataset). In a few cases, RA were
 calculated from primary data on vegetative and reproductive biomass,
 energy or nutrients provided in the papers. The dataset
 includes the source of data, the plant species (original taxonomy was
 kept), treatment/site/year/sex of the data (a single species can have more
 than one entry), table or figure from which the data were taken,
 phenological moment in which the data were measured (at flowering, at
 fruiting or sequentally; if the last, it is indicated which time was used
 in the dataset), whether all reproductive structures or only primary
 (flowers, seeds) were taken into account, whether all vegetative
 structures or only aboveground structures were taken into account, and
 then the estimates of RA. When calculations were performed, all formulae
 have been included in the corresponding cell.
description: Some minor differences can exist with respect to the indications
 in the published paper, as a result of last minute corrections.
 Conclusions are not affected and only very minor quantitative departures
 are expected as a result of these minor diferences.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqc4h
title: The legacy of forest disturbance on stream ecosystem functioning

description: 1. Forest clearance is a pervasive disturbance worldwide, but many of its
 impacts are regarded as transient, diminishing in intensity as forest
 recovers. However, forests can take decades to centuries to recover after
 severe disturbances, and temporal lags in recovery of ecosystem properties
 for different forest habitats are mostly unknown. This includes forest
 streams, where most studies of the impacts of forest clearance are
 restricted to the first years of recovery, typically finding that
 temporary increases in light and nutrient runoff diminish as forest
 recovers. Implications of longer term changes remain little investigated.
 2. In a space-for-time substitution experiment, we assessed changes in
 organic matter processing and in the functional and taxonomic composition
 of litter-consuming detritivores along a riparian forest age gradient
 ranging from 1 to 120 years since last timber harvesting. 3. Variation in
 organic matter processing and detritivore functional diversity along the
 forest succession gradient were both expressed as second order polynomial
 relationships (peaking  at ~50 years along the forest age
 gradient). Decomposition rates were lowest in both the more recently
 clearcut and older riparian forest streams. 4. Variation of litter
 decomposition rates among litter-bags within streams, measured by the
 coefficient of variation, was lowest in recent clearcuts and increased
 linearly along the succession gradient. This result indicates higher
 within-stream heterogeneity in decomposition rates in older forest
 streams. Synthesis and applications: We found that the decomposition of
 leaf litter, a component of carbon cycling in forests, was higher in
 streams flowing through intermediately aged forest, and that several key
 attributes of the organisms regulating litter decomposition also varied
 systematically with forest age. These findings highlight the longer term
 consequences of forest succession following forest clearcutting for stream
 habitats.  Our findings further illustrate complications arising
 from the use of forested sites as references for newly cleared sites
 without properly accounting for forest age, given conclusions regarding
 biotic responses will depend on the age of the reference forests. Finally,
 our results emphasise the potential of intensive forest management centred
 on vast, one-time clearcutting events to drive long term homogenisation
 not only in forest age structure, but also in the functioning of
 associated forest stream habitats.
description: Data collected in 10 streams runing through managed boreal
 forests in northern Sweden (19°07’E–20°21’E, 63°52’N–64°15’N) in autumn
 2010 and spring 2011.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fttdz08sn
title: Higher probability of tick infestation reveals a hidden cost of army ant-following in Amazonian birds

description: The foraging specialization of army-ant-following birds has long intrigued
 ecologists and provided numerous questions such as why, how, and when did
 this foraging guild specialization arise and evolve. Many of the answers
 to these questions have focused on ecological interactions such as
 predation and competition, whereas little has been done to study the
 potential effects of host-parasite interactions among members of this
 foraging guild. Using 1,177 Amazonian birds from 187 species, we studied
 the probability of tick infestation in relation to attendance of birds at
 army-ant swarms. We demonstrate that the probability of tick infestation
 was higher among professional and occasional ant-followers than in bird
 species that do not follow army ants to prey upon leaf-litter flushed
 arthropods. Moreover, occasional ant-followers harbored a greater
 diversity of nymphal ticks. We argue that although the evolutionary
 transition toward specialized ant-following behavior has a genetic basis,
 a trade-off between the cost of evolution of this trait and its fitness
 benefits might exist. In this case, the cost is in the form of higher
 parasite pressure. Therefore, parasites may impose a selective pressure
 not only during foraging but also through the allocation of resources for
 an immunological response. Our results of an analysis of tick parasitism
 on Amazonian birds emphasizes the importance of parasitic organisms on
 ecology and evolution of behavioural traits of their hosts. Considering
 the effects imposed by parasite pressure is essential for understanding
 the evolution and maintenance of behavioral and life-history traits.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8gzq
title: Accuracy of the mologic COVID-19 rapid antigen test-a prospective multi-centre analytical and clinical evaluation

description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted
 the reliance on antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). Their
 evaluation at point of use is a priority. Here, we report a multi-centre
 evaluation of the analytical sensitivity, specificity, and clinical
 accuracy of the Mologic COVID-19 Ag-RDT by comparing to
 RT-qPCR results from individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms.
 Participants attending secondary care facilities in Merseyside,
 ambulance services in Yorkshire, and
 drive-through testing
 facilities in Northumberland, UK. The limit of detection
 of the Mologic COVID-19 Ag-RDT was 5.0 x 102 pfu/ml in swab
 matrix with no cross-reactivity and interference for any other pathogens
 tested. A total of 347 participants were enrolled from 26th of November
 2020 to 15th of February 2021 with 39.2% (CI 34.0-44.6) testing RT-qPCR
 positive for SARS-CoV-2. The overall sensitivity and specificity of
 the Mologic Ag-RDT compared to the reference SARS-CoV-2
 RT-qPCR were 85.0% (95% CI 78.3-90.2) and 97.8% (95.0-99.3),
 respectively. Sensitivity was stratified by RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct)
 and 98.4% (91.3-100) of samples with a Ct less than 20 and 93.2%
 (86.5-97.2) of samples with a Ct less than 25 were detected using the
 Ag-RDT. Clinical accuracy was stratified by sampling strategy, swab type
 and clinical presentation. Mologic COVID-19 Ag-RDT demonstrated
 highest sensitivity with nose/throat swabs compared with throat or nose
 swabs alone, however the differences were not statistically significant.
 Overall, the Mologic test had high diagnostic accuracy across multiple
 different settings, different demographics, and on self-collected swab
 specimens. These findings suggest the Mologic rapid antigen test may be
 deployed effectively across a range of use settings.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8sf7m0cn0
title: Variation in developmental rates is not linked to environmental unpredictability in annual killifishes

description: Comparative evidence suggests that adaptive plasticity may evolve as a
 response to predictable environmental variation. However, less attention
 has been placed on unpredictable environmental variation, which is
 considered to affect evolutionary trajectories by increasing phenotypic
 variation (or bet-hedging). Here, we examine the occurrence of bet-hedging
 in egg developmental rates in seven species of annual killifish that
 originate from a gradient of variation in precipitation rates, under three
 treatment incubation temperatures (21°C, 23°C, and 25°C). In the wild,
 these species survive regular and seasonal habitat desiccation, as dormant
 eggs buried in the soil. At the onset of the rainy season embryos must be
 sufficiently developed in order to hatch and complete their life-cycle. We
 found substantial differences among species in both the mean and variation
 of egg development rates, as well as species-specific plastic responses to
 incubation temperature. Yet, there was no clear relationship between
 variation in egg development time and variation in precipitation rate
 (environmental predictability). The exact cause of these differences
 therefore remains enigmatic, possibly depending on differences in other
 natural environmental conditions in addition to precipitation
 predictability. Hence, if species-specific variances are adaptive, the
 relationship between development and variation in precipitation is complex
 and does not diverge in accordance with simple linear relationships.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn092
title: The influences of progenitor filtering, domestication selection and the boundaries of nature on the domestication of grain crops

description: 1. Domestication generally involves two sequential processes: initial
 identification of wild species with desirable characteristics (“progenitor
 filtering”); and subsequent artificial and natural selection that
 respectively improve features preferred by humans and adapt species to
 cultivation/captivity (“domestication selection”). Consequently,
 domesticated species can differ from wild species and may share
 characteristics owing to convergent evolution (“domestication syndrome”).
 Baring evolutionary constraints, domestication selection may generate
 extreme phenotypes that transcend the “boundaries of nature” evident for
 wild species. Despite evidence of domestication syndromes in some clades,
 broader contributions of progenitor filtering and domestication selection
 to characteristics of contemporary domesticated species have received
 limited attention. 2. Using comparative analysis of 49 grain-crop and 87
 wild annual plant species from 15 families, we: (1) addressed whether
 plants of crop and wild species differ for mean seed number, per-seed mass
 and total seed-mass investment; (2) assessed contributions of a)
 progenitor filtering and b) domestication selection to these differences;
 (3) evaluated whether crop characteristics exceed the boundaries of
 nature; and (4) assessed whether seed-production characteristics of grain
 crops constitute components of a generic domestication syndrome. 3. On
 average, grain-crop plants produce heavier seeds and greater total seed
 mass than wild species, but seed number per plant does not differ.
 Comparison of wild species between genera with or without crop species
 found no evidence of progenitor filtering. In contrast, crop species
 differed from congeneric wild species for the mass traits, but not for
 seed number. Greater seed investment by crops is consistent with
 artificial selection for enhanced seed yield (mass per harvested area),
 whereas heavier individual seeds suggest selection for improved
 nutritional quality and (or) adaptation to cultivation environments. 4.
 Seed number-size characteristics of grain-crop species lie within the
 bivariate variation among wild species and so do not exceed the boundaries
 of nature. Seed number and size varied similarly between species types and
 generally aligned with seed-investment isoclines, suggesting an upper
 investment limit. 5. Despite greater average investment in seed production
 and individual seeds by grain-crop species, seed-production
 characteristics did not vary less among crop species than among wild
 species, which is inconsistent with a common domestication syndrome.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.crjdfn33t
title: Adaptation and correlated fitness responses over two time scales in Drosophila suzukii populations evolving in different environments

description: The process of local adaptation involves differential changes in fitness
 over time across different environments. While experimental evolution
 studies have extensively tested for patterns of local adaptation at a
 single time point, there is relatively little research that examines
 fitness more than once during the time course of adaptation. We allowed
 replicate populations of the fruit pest Drosophila suzukii to
 evolve in one of eight different fruit media. After five generations,
 populations with the highest initial levels of maladaptation had mostly
 gone extinct, whereas experimental populations evolving on cherry,
 strawberry and cranberry media had survived. We measured the fitness of
 each surviving population in each of the three fruit media after five and
 after 26 generations of evolution. After five generations, adaptation to
 each medium was associated with increased fitness in the two other media.
 This was also true after 26 generations, except when populations that
 evolved on cranberry medium developed on cherry medium. These results
 suggest that, in the theoretical framework of a fitness landscape, the
 fitness optima of cherry and cranberry media are the furthest apart. Our
 results show that studying how fitness changes across several environments
 and across multiple generations provides insights into the dynamics of
 local adaptation that would not be evident if fitness were analyzed at a
 single point in time. By allowing a qualitative mapping of an experimental
 fitness landscape, our approach will improve our understanding of the
 ecological factors that drive the evolution of local adaptation in D.
 suzukii.
description: Data and analysis scripts; please see README file for more
 details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0gz
title: Knee extension moment arm variations relate to mechanical function in walking and running

description: The patellofemoral joint plays a crucial mechanical role during walking
 and running. It increases the knee extensor mechanism’s moment arm and
 reduces required knee extension muscle forces to generate the extension
 moment that supports body weight, prevents knee buckling and propels the
 centre-of-mass. However, the mechanical implications of moment arm
 variation caused by patellofemoral and tibiofemoral motion remain unclear.
 We used a data-driven musculoskeletal model with a 12-degree-of freedom
 knee to simulate the knee extension moment arm during walking and running.
 Using a geometric method to calculate the moment arm, we found smaller
 moment arms during running than walking during the swing phase. Overall,
 knee flexion causes differences between running and walking moment arms as
 increased flexion causes a posterior shift in the tibiofemoral rotation
 axis and patella articulation with the distal femur. Moment arms were also
 affected by knee motion direction and best predicted by separating by
 direction instead of across the entire gait cycle. Furthermore, we found
 high inter-subject variation in the moment arm that was largely explained
 by out-of-plane motion. Our results are consistent with the concept that
 shorter moment arms increase the effective mechanical advantage of the
 knee and may contribute to increased running velocity.