cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88700
title: San Simeon California state park (black and white negatives), 1958

description: 7 images. San Simeon California state park (black and white negatives), 2 June 1958. Billiard room; overall shot of San Simeon; "Cardinal Richelieu" bed; Neptune pool; statue "The Three Graces"; La Casa Grande; the theater.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-2070
title: United States Army landing craft at sea enroute from Fort MacArthur to Pebbly Beach and Catalina Island for operation Mal De Mer-, 1951

description: 13 images. United States Army landing craft at sea enroute from Fort MacArthur to Pebbly Beach and Catalina Island for operation Mal De Mer-, May 10, 1951. Brigade General Henry K. Kellogg (commanding officer of 409th special engineer brigade).
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-166
title: Cat in the tree (4458½ Willowbrook Avenue), 1951

description: 12 images. Cat in the tree (4458½ Willowbrook Avenue), May 11, 1951. Mrs. Erna K. Jones) owner of cat "Gee Gee" stupid feline trapped in a tree); Jack Janewein; Art Streater (S. P. C. A. officer).
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-111300
title: Pilot and mother reunited after 21 years, 1952

description: 5 images. Pilot and mother reunited after 21 years, 4 January 1952. Lieutenant Gerald Whitney, 23; Mrs. Margaret Sarns, 3631 Berryman Avenue, West Los Angeles.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88346
title: Cave Dwellers, 1958

description: 4 images. Cave Dwellers, 20 May 1958. Karl Lukas; Lia Waggner; Katherine Squire; George Mitchell.; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Rustan. Date: 1958-05-20. Assignment: The Cave Dwellers. Special instructions: Greene - Drama. 5/6: Karl Lukas, "The Duke"; Lia Waggner, "The Girl"; Katherine Squire, "Queen"; George Mitchell, "The King". 95/96: Karl Lukas; Katherine Squire; Lia Waggner; George Mitchell".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88857
title: Caltech (Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit) awards presented, 1958

description: 7 images. Caltech (Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit) awards presented, 28 May 1958. Doctor Lee A. Dubridge; Cadet Lieutenant Colonel Hugo B. Fischer (presented with medal); Richard M. Frincke (presenting medal); Barry E. Feinberg (Cadet Captain) presented with medal; Colonel Samuel D. Pickett; Mrs. D.A. Holbrook (presenting award); Cadet First Lieutenant Michael B. Bogost; Cadet Captain David C. Gildersleeve (presented with award); Rear Admiral E.D. McEathron; Cadet Walter A. Schaal (presented with award).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Swaim. Date: 1958-05-28. Reporter: Swaim. Assignment: Caltech A.F. R.O.T.C. 23: Dr. Lee A. Dubridge, pres. of Caltech, presenting 'president's medal' to Cadet Lieut. Col. Hugo B. Fischer, comdr. of Caltech Air Force ROTC unit. 24: Richard M. Frincke, Comdr. of Pasadena area squadron, Air Force Assn., presenting medal to Cadet Capt. Barry E. Feinberg. 9: Col. Samuel D. Pickett, USA retired, presenting Armed Forces Chemical Assn. medal to Cadet First Lieut. Michael B. Bogost. 10: Mrs. D.A. Holbrook, Pasadena regent of Daughters of Amer. Revol., presenting DA award to Cadet Capt. David C. Gildersleeve. 5: General view of award review. 6: Rear Adm. E.D. McEathron, USN retired, presenting Sons of Amer. Revo. medal to Cadet Walter A. Schaal. 7: Long grab shot, (150 feet or more) of Air Force officers helping Cadet Thomas R. Hooton to feet, after Hooton collapsed in hot sun during award review. Infinity, 100th, f8".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88718
title: Ancient airplanes take off for Pittsburg's National History Flight exposition, 1958

description: 7 images. Ancient airplanes take off for Pittsburg's National History Flight exposition, 27 May 1958. John E. Morgan; Frank Tallman; Plane 'Fokker'; Plane 'Newport'.; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: L. Mack. Date: 1958-05-27. Reporter: J. Massard. Assignment: Ancient airplanes. John E. Morgan and Frank Tallman (who is taller and has moustache) with German W.W.I Fokker and French Viewport '28.' Plane took off for Pittsburg's Nat'l History of Flight Exposition July 4, 5 and 6".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-31058
title: Princess Elizabeth and Husband -- Television Negatives, 1951

description: 8 images. Princess Elizabeth and Husband -- Television Negatives, 31 October 1951.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.us6wxy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 142824 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Quercus palustris Münchh.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 142824 records from 391 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015003-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30881
title: Body found in trunk, 1951

description: 13 images. Body found in trunk, 28 October 1951. Victor Keesey (who found body in empty lot off Washington Avenue); Body in trunk; Sheriff Sergeant G.O. Leslie; Deputy Coroner Richard Martinez; Picture of ring; Sheriff Sergeant G.O. Leslie with her clothers.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-350
title: Custody, 1951

description: 2 images. Custody, May 16, 1951. Private First Class Ewel Saylor (U.S.M.C.); Andy Saylor -- 11 1/2 months; Natalie Saylor (mother).; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-998
title: Pasadena Mayor, 1951

description: 3 images. Pasadena Mayor, May 8, 1951. Alson E. Abernethy
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-2056
title: A.D.W. trial, 1951

description: 4 images. A.D.W. (assault with a deadly weapon) trial, May 8, 1951. Deputy District Attorney Arthur Veitch; William Robert Sanderson (victim); George Kavales (defendant).
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88728
title: Elected sheriff, 1958

description: 2 images. Elected sheriff, 4 June 1958. Pete Pitchess (elected sheriff).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Mitchell. Date: 1958-06-04. Reporter: Benson. Assignment: Under Sheriff is now elected Sheriff. 40/41: Pete Pitchess, Elected to Sheriff with wires and telephone calls congratulating him".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30017
title: Billy Graham addressing rally at American Legion Stadium, 1951

description: 5 images. Billy Graham addressing rally at American Legion Stadium, 18 September 1951. Crowd shots.; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Mercurio. Date: 1951-09-15. Reporter: Cowles. Assignment: Crusade for Christ at American Legion Stadium. 117: Dr. Billy Graham addressing rally. 116, 13, 14: Dr. Graham with Bible. 62, 63: Crowd shots".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30256
title: Double Military Funeral ...Private First Class Robert Olvera and Victor Manuel Lopez, 1951

description: 6 images. Double Military Funeral ...Private First Class Robert Olvera and Victor Manuel Lopez, 29 October 1951. Miss Mary Louise Lopez, sister; Mrs. Amelia Olvera, mother; Mrs. Apolonio Lopez, mother; Mrs. Maria Rivera, aunt of Lopez; Father Vincent Barrett; Father Patrick J. McGoldrick.; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: McCarty. Date: 1951-10-29. Reporter: Massard. Assignment: Double military funeral. 15: At church -- L-R Robert Olvera's casket & Victor Manuel Lopez's casket - both PFCs. 17-18-19-20-21-22: Miss Mary Louise Lopez, sister, Mrs. Amelia Olvera, mother; Mrs. Apalonio Lopez, mother; & Mrs. Maria Rivera, aunt of Lopez. L-R -- officiating clergy Father Vincent Barrett & Father Patrick J. McGoldrick. 27: Mrs. Lopez; Mrs. Olvera".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88554
title: San Simeon California state park, 1958

description: 11 images. San Simeon California state park, 2 June 1958. Statue of "Birth of Venus"; North tower of castle; Neptune pool from Roman Temple portico; ceiling of dining hall; statue "Mercury"; fishing pier at San Simeon; the castle at San Simeon.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30793
title: Police brutality, 1952

description: 2 images. Police brutality, 27 June 1952. Officer Charles Heinzelman; Attorney Allan F. Daily, Junior.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-8683
title: United States Navy (minesweep negatives), 1951

description: 20 images. United States Navy (minesweep negatives), June 22, 1951.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-7938
title: Foreign students, 1951

description: 6 images. Foreign students, June 19, 1951. Reno Constantino; Fritz Ferger; Eva Grossheide; Reingard Staffen; Ekkehard Richter; Wolfgang Thiergart; John Nicolopoulos; Hannelore Jaeckel; Gerhard Mueller; Hannelore Berberich; Niel Petree.; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-29950
title: Perjury, 1952

description: 5 images. Perjury, 29 February 1952. Toni Ford (held on perjury charge); District Attorney's Investigator Herman C. Frieseke; District Attorney's Investigator Pat Decker.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30330
title: Charity art show, 1952

description: 2 images. Charity art show, 03 March 1952. Mrs. Richard Widmark; Mrs. Nels Cross (Co-chairman of Art for Charity show); Painting of "Pensive Clown" (by Francis De Erdely).
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-8472
title: Schmit family, 1951

description: 4 images. Schmit family, June 22, 1951. Mrs. Ethel Schmit (mother); Gary Schmit -- 6 years; Sheldon Schmit -- 10 years.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-6909
title: Home show at Pan Pacific Auditorium, 1951

description: 9 images. Home show at Pan Pacific Auditorium, June 13, 1951. Linda Peterson (queen); Rosemarie Bowe; Larhea Michele; Michele and Francis Cloyd.; This set of photographs is of the Southlander house (sometimes referred to as the House of Miracles), which was exhibited during the Home Show exhibition that took place at the Pan Pacific Auditorium in 1951. The house was designed by James C. Young. More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-7214
title: Firebug, 1951

description: 8 images. Firebug, June 14, 1951. C. A. Crosby, investigator; James Earl Friou, suspect; J. K. Sutton, investigator.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30647
title: New Giant Zebras at Griffith Park Zoo ...Acquired from Hearst Ranch at San Simeon, 1951

description: 36 images. New Giant Zebras at Griffith Park Zoo ...Acquired from Hearst Ranch at San Simeon, 29 October 1951. "Dan", 2; "Ann", 2 1/2.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-89257
title: Valley arsenal (stolen guns), 1958

description: 3 images. Valley arsenal (stolen guns), 9 June 1958. Officer R.S. Uber (with machine guns etc...); machine guns; Charles Rodgers (suspect).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Glickman. Date: 1958-06-09. Assignment: Stolen rifles. G111-112: Det. Tom MacMahon pushes load of rifles and bullet proof body armor. G23-24: Line of stolen rifle, ammunition and body armor is inspected by l to r. Officers Walter Bouscher, Robert Uber, and Sgt. John Metcalf".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88538
title: San Simeon California state park, 1958

description: 15 images. San Simeon California state park, 2 June 1958. Roman temple; Refractory table; Sarcophogus and Roman columns; statue of "Zeus"; Statue of lion with shield; Neptune pool; guest house "B"; the castle; the assembly hall; the billiard room; the theater; Roman pool.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11127355
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Georg Scheffler, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21607877. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21607877
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11127354
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Georg Scheffler, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21607877. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21607877
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11188275
title: Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

description: Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Georg Scheffler, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21607877. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, https://bionomia.net using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org.
description: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21607877
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-30375
title: Knights of Columbus Banquet, 1951

description: 6 images. Knights of Columbus Banquet, 27 October 1951. Archbishop J. Francis McIntyre; Clyde Marak, 17; Robert V. O'Connor; Francis J. McCabe; Lieutenant Governor Goodwin Knight; Edward A. Glueckert.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-8498
title: Dog show (Long Beach civic), 1951

description: 7 images. Dog show (Long Beach civic), June 23, 1951. Dale Renne -- 2 1/2 years; "Champion Lutz Alpine Plateau" (George); Betty Bever; "Champion Gunga Din El Encino"; Yvonne Sharpe -- 14 years.; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-31033
title: Soldier waits to see son, 1951

description: 4 images. Soldier waits to see son, 31 October 1951. Private John E. Badgwell; Mrs. Barbara Jean Owen (ex-wife); Michael Badgwell -- 4 years.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-88324
title: Scout-O-Rama preview, 1958

description: 6 images. Scout-O-Rama preview, 23 May 1958. Robert Weaver; John Field; Robert Breyde; Ron Mayhew; Reid Pressley; Sam Harada; G.W. Darnelle (scoutmaster); Charles Zeigler.; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Wesselman. Date: 1958-05-23. Reporter: Donoghue. Assignment: Scout-O-Rama preview. Special instructions: daily. Explorer Scouts help younger buddies set up Keep California Green exhibit. Booth is project of Hawthorne Troop 283. Asst. Hawthorne Scoutmaster G.W. Darnelle, school board engineer, wearing sports shirt, supervises job. No. 3: Explorer Scouts Robert Weaver, 15, and Charles Blair, 15, help put finishing touches to 'Reaching for the Moon' exhibit showing how science is probing outer space with satellites. No. 2: Explorer Scouts Robert Weaver, 15, and Charles Zeigler, 14, study model of 297-C rocket missile. 1: Chemistry exhibit at Scout-O-Rama in the Coliseum (Saturday) is inspected by Explorer Scouts Larry Symons, 14, and David Breyde, 15, both of Explorer Troop 517, Hollywood-Wilshire District. No. 13: Exhibit on the working press, sponsored by Los Angeles newspaper publishers being unveiled by Explorer Scouts Robert Weaver, 15, and John Field, 16. No. 14: Cavalcade of historic flags, from those carried by the Continental Troops in the Revolutionary War to that of the United Nations are checked by Explorer Scouts L to R Robert Breyde, 15; Ron Mayhew, 15, Reid Pressley, 15, and Sam Harada".
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-8387
title: Hartford foundation, 1951

description: 5 images. Hartford foundation, June 11, 1951. Michael Gaszunski -- 40 years.; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-6345
title: Obisbo shooting, 1951

description: 11 images. Obisbo shooting, June 11, 1951. Jasper Blair -- 30 years; Leonard Ray -- victim of shooting; Treasure Ray; Mrs. Basil A. Ryan (suspect in shooting); Mrs. Mary Ray -- 17 years (of Tenessee); Shirley Ray (daughter).; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-7523
title: Topanga Canyon murder, 1951

description: 35 images. Topanga Canyon murder, June 18, 1951. Lieutenant F.W. Rosenberg; Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Goozey (who found body); Viola Mapes (copy) victim of murder; Deputy Corporal Logan Lawson; Deputy Corporal Lee Malins; Sheriff Sergeant Richard C. White; Barney Mapes (husband and suspect); Lieutenant Erwin Smith; Barney Mapes Junior -- 14 years; William Mapes -- 12 years; Lilly Mapes -- 11 years.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-6397
title: Inquest, 1951

description: 8 images. Inquest, June 12, 1951. Evasio Piovera (witness); Leonard L. Buechler (coroner); District Attorney Herbert C. Grundell; Mrs. Leroy Persson; Mrs. May Fluitt; Mrs. Basil A. Ryan; Mrs. Joseph O'Connor.; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8015585
title: Supplementary Data from, "Causal health impacts of power plant emission controls under modeled and uncertain physical process interference."

description: These data are used to conduct the analysis in, "Causal health impacts of power plant emission controls under modeled and uncertain physical process interference," by Wikle and Zigler (2024), to appear in Annals of Applied Statistics. This is purely for archival purposes to facilitate access to and replication of the aforementioned analysis. Data were obtained from the following sources:



 U.S. Emissions Data [U.S. EPA, Air markets program data (AMPD)]



AMPD_Unit_with_Sulfur_Content_and_Regulations_with_Facility_Attributes.csv



 US Census 2016 American Community Survey [US Census Bureau ACS]



Census_2016_TxZCTA.RDS

Note: data were obtained using the r package ‘tidycensus’.



 Daymet Annual Climate Summaries [Daymet Version 4]



daymet_v4_prcp_annttl_na_2016.nc

daymet_v4_tmax_annavg_na_2016.nc

daymet_v4_tmin_annavg_na_2016.nc

daymet_v4_vp_annavg_na_2016.nc



 SO4 and Black Carbon Concentrations [Randall Martin Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, North American Regional Estimates, version V4.NA.02]



GWRwSPEC_BC_NA_201601_201612.nc

GWRwSPEC_SO4_NA_201601_201612.nc



 HyADS Coal-Attributed PM2.5 Concentrations [Henneman et al. (2019)]



HyADS_grids_pm25_byunit_2016.fst

HyADS_grids_pm25_total_2016.fst



 Mexico Emissions Data [National Emissions Inventory Collaborative, 2016v1 emissions modeling platform]



Mexico_2016_point_interpolated_02mar2018_v0.csv



 North American Regional Reanalysis Meteorological Data [NOAA]



rhum.2m.mon.mean.nc

uwnd.10m.mon.mean.nc

vwnd.10m.mon.mean.nc



 Cigarette smoking data [Dwyer-Lindgren et al. (2014)]



smokedatwithfips_1996-2012.csv



 Synthetic pediatric asthma data [Note: synthetic data! Simulated to match the format, but not the observations, from the Texas Health Care Information Collection (THCIC), Texas DSHS]



synth-ped-asthma-data.csv



 Texas state shape file [US Census]



texas-state-sf.RDS



 US ZIPcode-to-county data crosswalk [Missouri Census Data Center]



tx-zip-to-county.csv




Code and supplementary material from this analysis, as well as more detailed data descriptions, are available at: https://github.com/nbwikle/estimating-interference
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8015586
title: Supplementary Data from, "Causal health impacts of power plant emission controls under modeled and uncertain physical process interference."

description: These data are used to conduct the analysis in, "Causal health impacts of power plant emission controls under modeled and uncertain physical process interference," by Wikle and Zigler (2024), to appear in Annals of Applied Statistics. This is purely for archival purposes to facilitate access to and replication of the aforementioned analysis. Data were obtained from the following sources:



 U.S. Emissions Data [U.S. EPA, Air markets program data (AMPD)]



AMPD_Unit_with_Sulfur_Content_and_Regulations_with_Facility_Attributes.csv



 US Census 2016 American Community Survey [US Census Bureau ACS]



Census_2016_TxZCTA.RDS

Note: data were obtained using the r package ‘tidycensus’.



 Daymet Annual Climate Summaries [Daymet Version 4]



daymet_v4_prcp_annttl_na_2016.nc

daymet_v4_tmax_annavg_na_2016.nc

daymet_v4_tmin_annavg_na_2016.nc

daymet_v4_vp_annavg_na_2016.nc



 SO4 and Black Carbon Concentrations [Randall Martin Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, North American Regional Estimates, version V4.NA.02]



GWRwSPEC_BC_NA_201601_201612.nc

GWRwSPEC_SO4_NA_201601_201612.nc



 HyADS Coal-Attributed PM2.5 Concentrations [Henneman et al. (2019)]



HyADS_grids_pm25_byunit_2016.fst

HyADS_grids_pm25_total_2016.fst



 Mexico Emissions Data [National Emissions Inventory Collaborative, 2016v1 emissions modeling platform]



Mexico_2016_point_interpolated_02mar2018_v0.csv



 North American Regional Reanalysis Meteorological Data [NOAA]



rhum.2m.mon.mean.nc

uwnd.10m.mon.mean.nc

vwnd.10m.mon.mean.nc



 Cigarette smoking data [Dwyer-Lindgren et al. (2014)]



smokedatwithfips_1996-2012.csv



 Synthetic pediatric asthma data [Note: synthetic data! Simulated to match the format, but not the observations, from the Texas Health Care Information Collection (THCIC), Texas DSHS]



synth-ped-asthma-data.csv



 Texas state shape file [US Census]



texas-state-sf.RDS



 US ZIPcode-to-county data crosswalk [Missouri Census Data Center]



tx-zip-to-county.csv




Code and supplementary material from this analysis, as well as more detailed data descriptions, are available at: https://github.com/nbwikle/estimating-interference
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-6137
title: Blue Star Mothers convention, 1951

description: 2 images. Blue Star Mothers convention, June 11, 1951. Mrs. Josephine Heller (president of Los Angeles chapter); Mrs. Audree Jonechat (state department president).
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-7683
title: Mapes murder, 1951

description: 6 images. Mapes murder, June 18, 1951. Edward Walker (Los Angeles Police Department inspects auto of Barney Mapes); Detective Lieutenant E.W. Smith; Barney Mapes -- 40 yours; Sergeant Sid Jolivette (sheriffs office).
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-6790
title: Landslide in Whittier, 1951

description: 11 images. Landslide in Whittier, June 17, 1951. John Schwindt; Mrs. Louise Paschall.
DOI: 10.3886/e118468
title: Data and code for: Effects of Copyrights on Science. Evidence from the WWII Book Republication Program

description: Copyrights, which establish intellectual property in music, science, and other creative goods, are intended to encourage creativity. Yet, copyrights also raise the cost of accessing existing work - potentially discouraging future innovation. This paper uses an exogenous shift towards weak copyrights (and low access costs) during WWII to examine the potentially adverse effects of copyrights on science. Using two alternative identification strategies, we show that weaker copyrights encouraged the creation of follow-on science, measured by citations. This change is driven by a reduction in access costs, allowing scientists at less affluent institutions to use existing knowledge in new follow-on research.
description: Our main data include BRP books in chemistry and mathematics, a control group of Swiss books in the same fields, and all new articles and books that cite BRP and Swiss books between 1920 and 1970. Two alternative measures for scientific output capture new PhD theses in mathematics and US patents that use knowledge in BRP books.
DOI: 10.3886/e118468v2-150441
title: Data and code for: Effects of Copyrights on Science. Evidence from the WWII Book Republication Program

description: Copyrights, which establish intellectual property in music, science, and other creative goods, are intended to encourage creativity. Yet, copyrights also raise the cost of accessing existing work - potentially discouraging future innovation. This paper uses an exogenous shift towards weak copyrights (and low access costs) during WWII to examine the potentially adverse effects of copyrights on science. Using two alternative identification strategies, we show that weaker copyrights encouraged the creation of follow-on science, measured by citations. This change is driven by a reduction in access costs, allowing scientists at less affluent institutions to use existing knowledge in new follow-on research.
description: Our main data include BRP books in chemistry and mathematics, a control group of Swiss books in the same fields, and all new articles and books that cite BRP and Swiss books between 1920 and 1970. Two alternative measures for scientific output capture new PhD theses in mathematics and US patents that use knowledge in BRP books.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-6183
title: Ryan murder, 1951

description: 15 images. Ryan murder, October 31, 1951. Assistant District Attorney Kingsley T. Hoegstedt; District Attorney Herbert C. Grundell; Attorney Jerry Geisler; Margaret Ryan; Leonard Ray; Treasure Ray; Shirley Ray.