cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78805
title: Postman, Dalhousie, India, ca.1900

description: “Postman, Dalhouise”. Portrait of a local postman holding some parcels and with one balanced on his head. ❧ Dalhousie was established as a British summer retreat and sanatorium in 1854 and named after the then British Viceroy in India. It is built on five hills and located on the western edge of the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas. It is considered a gateway to the Chamba district and the city of Chamba lies to the north. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82198
title: Two families, Meru, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1922

description: “Ourselves at Meru with Mr, Mrs & Pat Sylvester.” Portrait of two families standing next to a car. Dr and Margaret Irvine, with one of their baby sons, are on the left and Mr and Mrs Sylvester, with a daughter, are on the right. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78802
title: House, Dalhousie, ca.1900

description: "Batri View, Dalhousie". External view of a two story brick house with access to the second floor by exterior ladders. Two women gaze from an upper window whilst two men sit below. This building appears to be connected to the Scottish mission and could be their accommodation in Dalhousie. The Church of Scotland Church in Dalhousie, St. Andrew’s, was built in 1903. ❧ Dalhousie was established as a British summer retreat and sanatorium in 1854 and named after the then British Viceroy in India. It is built on five hills and located on the western edge of the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas. It is considered a gateway to the Chamba district and the city of Chamba lies to the north. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78800
title: St John's Church, Dalhousie, ca.1900

description: "Church of England, Dalhousie". Landscape view showing a small church at a crossroads. Two women, one walking and one on horseback, are on the road whilst three men sit on a wall further along. A large tree dominates the middle of the crossroads. ❧ St. John’s Church was built by the Church of England and was the first church in the town of Dalhousie; another four would be built including St. Andrew’s Church (1903) by the Church of Scotland. ❧ Dalhousie was established as a British summer retreat and sanatorium in 1854 and named after the then British Viceroy in India. It is built on five hills and located on the western edge of the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas. It is considered a gateway to the Chamba district and the city of Chamba lies to the north. The missions established Churches in Dalhousie to administer to the summer residents and to reach the indigenous people in the region. The Chamba mission was established, in 1863, by William Ferguson (1821-1904).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82181
title: Woman suffering from yaws, Chogoria, ca.1924

description: “A yaws case with her baby.” Portrait of a young woman and child both suffering the symptoms of a bacterial infection. The medical staff at Chogoria were mainly responsible for the eradication of yaws from the district as it was easily treated with a single injection. Dr Irvine wrote on the disease in his thesis for his degree from the University of Aberdeen. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79350
title: Bungalow, Bhandara, India, ca.1937

description: "Bhandara, The Bungalow. Bhandara - Forty miles from Nagpur" Exterior views of the bungalow building at Bhandara. Bhandara was a development of the work happening in Nagpur and extended most in the 1880s, with the opening of a new mission station there. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill. Based 10 miles from Nagpur at Kamptee, a military camp situated on the Kanhan River, Hislop taught at the school. He learnt the Marathi (the language of western and central India) quickly and integrated with local people.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78803
title: House, Dalhousie, ca.1900

description: "Batri View, Dalhousie" External view of a two story brick building belonging to the Church of Scotland mission. Members of the mission staff are posed throughout the photograph. The gentleman sitting on the right, by the edge of the path, could be Robert M'Cheyne Paterson (1862-1942) who lived and worked in Gujrat. ❧ Dalhousie was established as a British summer retreat and sanatorium in 1854 and named after the then British Viceroy in India. It is built on five hills and located on the western edge of the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas. It is considered a gateway to the Chamba district and the city of Chamba lies to the north. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82149
title: Woman drying maize, Eastern Province, Kenya, ca.1926

description: “Native woman with maize hung up to dry.” Portrait of an indigenous woman placing maize husks over tree branches. Maize production increased around Chogoria when Dr Irvine set up a mill for grinding flour. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82176
title: Driving through banana plants, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1924

description: “The Dodge among bananas on a native road.” Landscape view of banana plants with Dr Irvine’s car stopped on a road. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82154
title: Market scene, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1926

description: “Native market.” Group portrait of indigenous women, in traditional dress, gathered together for a market. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78801
title: Indigenous tribal people, Chamba, ca.1900

description: "Hill People, India". Group portrait of indigenous tribal people wearing traditional dress. They are dressed for the cold and the background landscape is steep and rocky. They could possibly be representatives of the Pangwal tribe from the Pangi Valley as the women traditionally wear red caps, like a Scotch bonnet, and the men wear white skull caps with the brims turned up. The Pangi Valley lies in the north of Chamba and was known as the ‘Prison House of Chamba’ because criminals were transported there as the extreme winter weather made it nearly impossible to escape. ❧ The Chamba mission was established, in 1863, by William Ferguson (1821-1904) as an independent venture after the committee of the India Mission turned down his offer of work. When Ferguson retired he handed the mission over to the Church of Scotland. Dr Hutchison took over the running of the Chamba district, in 1873, from William Ferguson and remained there until his death in 1936. Medico-evangelistic work was undertaken amongst the Himalayan slopes and the missionary parties would endure extreme conditions to spread the Christian gospels and provide medical treatments. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82169
title: Inside the school, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1926

description: “Inside the school.” Interior view of the school building made of wattle and thatch with separate classrooms. The female missionary is probably Miss Harrell who arrived at Chogoria in March 1926 from the African Inland Mission and taught English. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79413
title: Funeral, Shenyang, ca.1889

description: “Shrine at Kao’s funeral procession.” Exterior street scene showing a large crowd watching as an ornate shrine is transported in a procession. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82166
title: Building the carpentry workshop, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1925

description: “Carpentry pupils erecting their workshop.” Exterior view of a brick building under construction with carpenters working on the frame of the roof. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79422
title: Manchuria field missionaries and families, Liaoning, China, ca.1889

description: “[L to R back] Mr Webster. Mrs A Westwater, Dr Young, Mrs Greig, Mr Fulton, Dr Greig, Mr McIntyre, JA Wylie ❧ [L to R front] Mrs Shaw, Mrs Young, Mrs McIntyre, Mrs Webster.” ❧ Group portrait of some of the Scottish and Irish Presbyterian missionaries, with their wives and children, active in the Manchuria field. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78806
title: Bridge over the Ravi, Chamba, India, ca.1900

description: “Ravi River at Chamba [?] the hills, India - Bridge at Kilar [Killar], Panji". Landscape looking down on to a beam bridge that crosses over the narrow point of a gorge. ❧ Killar is in the Pangi Valley which lies in the north of Himachal Pradesh and was known as the ‘Prison House of Chamba’. Medico-evangelistic work was undertaken amongst the Himalayan slopes and the missionary parties would endure extreme conditions to spread the Christian gospels and provide medical treatments. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78759
title: Baptism, Tanzania, December 1924

description: “Baptised at Iringa 12/24.” Group portrait of four adults and a child who are dressed in white and have all, presumably, been baptised. ❧ The Church of Scotland, based in Malawi [Nyasaland], took over the work of the Berliner Missionsgesellschaft [Berlin Missionary Society], in the Iringa district of Tanzania, after the deportation of German missionaries during the First World War. The British authorities were concerned that the mission stations were being used to supply the enemy and that they exerted too great an influence in the region. James Hetherwick, from Blantyre, was worried that the German missionaries would not be allowed to return and their successful work would falter. He appealed to Robert Laws at Livingstonia to cooperate in caring for the German fields. ❧ Andrew M. Anderson and Duncan Ross Mackenzie were the two main participants in Iringa and the Churches custodianship of the Berlin Missionary society’s property. The indigenous population were predominately from the Hehe tribe and the three main stations were at Lupembe, Kidugala and Ilembula with numerous sub-stations, many of which had fallen into disrepair after the war. ❧ When the German missionaries started to return there were disputes over whether they should be allowed to return to their former station. The Church of Scotland home authorities eventually ruled, in 1925, that the German missions should be returned. ❧ This image belongs to an album of photographs collected by Dr. Stevenson and includes images from India, China and Africa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78798
title: Tribe from the Chamba region, India, ca.1900

description: "Hill people, India". Group portrait of indigenous people from the Himalayan area of Chamba. There are three rows consisting of adult males and children and they are all wearing traditional dress. They could possible be representatives of the Gaddis, a mixture of several ethnic groups who inhabited the Dhauladhar mountains. ❧ The Chamba mission was established, in 1863, by William Ferguson (1821-1904) as an independent venture after the committee of the India Mission turned down his offer of work. When Ferguson retired he handed the mission over to the Church of Scotland. Dr Hutchison took over the running of the Chamba district, in 1873, from William Ferguson and remained there until his death in 1936. Medico-evangelistic work was undertaken amongst the Himalayan slopes and the missionary parties would endure extreme conditions to spread the Christian gospels and provide medical treatments. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79368
title: Haicheng from a hill, Manchuria, 1888

description: "December 1888". Exterior view of Haicheng from a distance. Large open areas are visible before the buildings start; the picture is, however, very faded. The United Presbyterian Church established a mission in Haicheng in 1876 which is situated between Newchwang and Liaoyang. It became the base for the Rev. John MacIntyre (1837-1905) and his wife. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79401
title: Confucian Temple, Shenyang, 1889

description: “Temple of Literature, Moukden.” Exterior view of a pagoda structure sitting within a walled area. Additional buildings skirt the tower. The Confucian Temple was a school, and place of worship, dedicated to the philosophy of Confucius and was situated in the east suburb of the city. The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79411
title: Child beggars, Shenyang, 1889

description: “Group of beggars, Oct. 1889”. Group portrait of five children, emaciated and wearing rags, sitting on the street. The flooding and famine of 1888 left a large number of children homeless and orphaned. The missions in Manchuria set up a number of facilities in an attempt to alleviate the problems. Mrs Ross and Mrs Webster set up orphanages in Shenyang [Moukden]. ❧ The United Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria had been established by John Ross (1842-1915) when he entered the region in 1872. Shenyang [Moukden] became an important station in the interior and Hospitals, Schools and Orphanages were built there. The United Presbyterian Mission unified with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1890 to form an indigenous Presbytery, named Kuan Tung, with Chinese as the official language. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79369
title: North gate, Haicheng, 1888

description: “December 1888”. Exterior view showing a fortified wall and gate with a watch tower built above with the typical curved roofs. The United Presbyterian Church established a mission in Haicheng in 1876 which is situated between Newchwang and Liaoyang. It became the base for the Rev. John MacIntyre (1837-1905) and his wife. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79321
title: Mrs. Gardiner, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "St.Ursula High School. Mrs Gardiner with her cook's son". Portrait of Mrs Gardiner holding her cook's son in her arms. ❧ Mrs Margaret Cooper was responsible for much of the Girls orphanages and schools established in Nagpur and St. Ursula’s was set up by her at Sitabaldi. Education at the girls' school was largely improved by Miss Small, who worked at Nagpur from 1882 to 1934. The school was officially recognised by the Government in 1913 and had its building improved in 1923.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79322
title: Shamrao, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "Shamrao loves to have cold water thrown over him - this is his bath." External view showing a young child being given a bath outdoors. ❧ Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) established a mission in Nagpur in 1845 with an endowment from Brigadier W. Hill. He set up a vernacular School in 1846 based on the principles expounded by Alexander Duff (1806-1878).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79415
title: Effigies for funeral ceremony, Manchuria, China, ca.1889

description: “Grand boat of millet stalk and wood burned at Taotai’s funeral.” Exterior view showing a painted model boat flanked by two animals, possibly dragons, each taller than a man. The models are funereal offerings to be symbolically taken over into the afterlife by burning. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into the Manchuria field. Stations were established at Shenyang [Moukden], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82258
title: School classroom, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1934

description: “Evangelism in a village school.” Interior view of a classroom with children facing Dr Irvine as he uses a drawing to illustrate a scene from the bible. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82203
title: Ruguti River, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1922

description: “Looking downstream from the bridge over the Ruguti River.” Landscape view showing a river running through dense vegetation. The Ruguti valley lies between the Chogoria mission and Mount Kenya. ❧ This image is from the first years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, 1922. The early days.”
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78809
title: Pangi Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India, ca.1900

description: "Among the hills, India - View from Kilar [Killar]". Landscape view showing the mountains of the Pangi Valley. Terraces have been cut into the mountain to cultivate the land. Killar is in the Pangi Valley which lies in the north of Himachal Pradesh and was known as the ‘Prison House of Chamba’. Medico-evangelistic work was undertaken amongst the Himalayan slopes and the missionary parties would endure extreme conditions to spread the Christian gospels and provide medical treatments. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82264
title: Primary school, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1937

description: “The primary school, built 19-. Assembly hall on right. Experimental coffee in foreground.” Exterior view of the school built at Iteri, Chogoria, when the school was approved by the Education Department. The foundation stone was laid by Chief Ng’entu and it was opened in 1937, consisting of five classrooms and an assembly hall. Dr Irvine attempted to introduce coffee to the area as a cash crop. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79333
title: Amraoti District, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "At The Ordination Service of Rev. Shivaji Waghmare." Group portrait of Ordination Service. ❧ Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79361
title: Miss Maragaret Gibson, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: Miss Maragaret Gibson formerly a missionary in Nagpur. Now Organising Secretary of the W.F.M. 121, George Street. Edinburgh." Portrait view of Miss Margaret Gibson, a missionary at the site of Nagpur. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79328
title: Daniel, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "Daniel an Evangelist. Himself a convert, his wife and family have since become Christians. He is working mostly amongst those of the depressed classes." Portrait of an indigenous man, newly converted to the Christian faith. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78804
title: Hill village, Chamba, India, ca.1900

description: "Houses in hills, built one on another, India. [Kinar?] Village". Landscape showing tiered houses on a hillside. This village is in the region of Dalhouise in the Punjab and sits in the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas. Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82227
title: Leper patients, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1939

description: “Some of our leper patients at the hospital.” Group portrait of patients and hospital staff outside the leper isolation ward. Dr Irvine stands in the middle. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1947 at the Chogoria mission which was established near Mt Kenya, in 1922, and run by Dr Irvine.