DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q06c4
title: Data from: Population genetic structure of Bombus terrestris in Europe: isolation and genetic differentiation of Irish and British populations

description: The genetic structure of the earth bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) was
 examined across 22 wild populations and two commercially reared
 populations using eight microsatellite loci and two mitochondrial genes.
 Our study included wild bumblebee samples from six populations in Ireland,
 one from the Isle of Man, four from Britain and 11 from mainland Europe. A
 further sample was acquired from New Zealand. Observed levels of genetic
 variability and heterozygosity were low in Ireland and the Isle of Man,
 but relatively high in continental Europe and among commercial
 populations. Estimates of Fst revealed significant genetic differentiation
 among populations. Bayesian cluster analysis indicated that Irish
 populations were highly differentiated from British and continental
 populations, the latter two showing higher levels of admixture. The data
 suggest that the Irish Sea and prevailing south westerly winds act as a
 considerable geographical barrier to gene flow between populations in
 Ireland and Britain; however, some immigration from the Isle of Man to
 Ireland was detected. The results are discussed in the context of the
 recent commercialization of bumblebees for the European horticultural
 industry.
description: Table
 S1Microsatellite loci in
 Bombus terrestris typed in multiplex reactions in this study. Table
 contains list of primers for respective loci as well as information on the
 labelling dye used.Table
 S2Table S2– Microsatellite
 allele frequencies in populations of Bombus terrestris from 22 European
 sites and two commercial populations. Population codes are represented in
 the first row and number of individuals genotyped for each microsatellite
 locus are presented in parentheses. Observed (Ho) and expected (He)
 heterozygosities and allelic richness are presented for each locus and
 population. The column on the left represents the allele
 sizes.Table
 S3Table S3 – Genetic
 differentiation between European and commercial populations of Bombus
 terrestris. Pairwise Fst is presented above the diagonal with
 corresponding Euclidean geographical distances (km) between sites
 presented below the diagonalTable
 S4Table S4 – STRUCTURE
 assignments of population probability to membership of K = 3 clusters and
 K = 7 clusters.Table
 S5Table S5 – Correlations
 between genetic and geographic distance, as measured by Rousset’s distance
 (Fst/1-Fst) and the natural logarithm of geographical separation for
 Bombus terrestrisTable
 S6Table S6 – Migration
 rates among B. terrestris populations estimated using BAYESASS. Values
 shown are the means of the posterior distributions of m, the migration
 rate into each population, and their respective 95% CI in parenthesis.
 Values along the diagonal (in bold) are the proportion of individuals
 derived from the source population each generation. The expected mean and
 CI of non-migrants is 0.833 (0.675, 0.992), the expected mean and CI for
 migration is 0.013 (1.31x10-15, 0.104).Figure
 S1Figure S1 –
 Fifty-percent rule consensus tree showing relationships among Bombus
 terrestris based on maximum likelihood analysis and Bayesian inference
 analysis of a 633bp segment of the mitochondrial COI gene. The tree was
 rooted with Bombus ignitus and Apis mellifera. Numbers above the branch
 are clade credibility for maximum likelihood and for Bayesian analysis
 below the branch.Figure
 S2Figure S2– A) Estimated
 likelihood of the posterior probability, LnP(X|K), for values of K (the
 number of genetic clusters) ranging from 1 to 12 as calculated using
 STRUCTURE. The mean LnP(X| K) for each K over 20 permutations is
 represented by solid squares. Bars correspond to standard deviations over
 20 permutations. B) modal value quantity of ∆K based on the second order
 rate change is calculated according to Evanno et al
 (2005).Figure
 S3Figure S3 – Proportional
 membership of 24 European Bombus terrestris populations to K=7 genetic
 clusters. Individuals are represented by a single vertical column divided
 into 7 (=K) colors. The relative lengths of the colored segments
 correspond to the individual’s estimated proportion of membership in that
 cluster.Code used for Bayesian
 analysisCode used for Bayesian
 analysisCode used for maximum
 likelihood analysisCode used for maximum
 likelihood analysisTable
 1Abundance of bumblebee
 species (Bombus s.str) in assemblages sampled throughout Europe. Species
 were separated according to the RFLP-based method of Murray et al.
 (2008).COI aligned sequences
 for all individualsCOI aligned sequences
 for all individualsTable 2 - GPS locations
 of all sampled populationsGPS locations of all
 sampled populationsTable 3 - Full genotyped
 dataset of all populations of Bombus terrestris.Full genotyped dataset
 of all populations of Bombus terrestris.Abundance of bumblebee
 species (Bombus s.str) in assemblages sampled throughout
 Europe.Abundance of bumblebee
 species (Bombus s.str) in assemblages sampled throughout Europe. Species
 were separated according to the RFLP-based method of Murray et al.
 (2008).Table 1 - Abundance of
 bumblebee species (Bombus s.str) in assemblages sampled throughout
 Europe..docCOI aligned sequences
 for all individuals_PAUPCOI aligned sequences
 for all individuals. PAUP input file.COI aligned sequences
 for all individuals_MrBayesCOI aligned sequences
 for all individuals. MrBayes input file.MrBayes Tree
 FileMrBayes output
 file.Paup Tree
 FilePaup output
 file.