cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a22z12q21
title: Photogrammetric scans of aerial photographs of North American glaciers, 1972. Roll 2 jpegs

description: Introduction: 
 
 Between 1958 and 1999, Austin Post led the USGS collection of aerial imagery of North American glaciers. These images are primarily vertical stereo black and white images, although single oblique images, as well as color images have been collected. The glaciers of North America were the subjects, and the digital products made available here serve to document the changes that have occurred to the glaciers over the past 5 decades. The purpose of this project is to preserve the data contained within these film images in a digital format for future analysis of North American glacier change.
 
 File Layout: 
 
 
 1. 
 
 The first level contains an overall data set of image metadata from 1964 - 1997 (nagapData.csv) and an R script (searchData.R) with instructions on how to search and subset the data. fileLayout.pdf shows the file structure and folder contents visually. There are also three kml files with flight path information by decade. 
 
 2. 
 
 The second level is the year in which the pictures were taken. There are 32 years with images from 1964 – 1997. The majority of these folders are jpegs with notes provided by Austin Post. They also contain a year-specific csv (YYYY.csv) that contains image metadata for the entire year (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments). The overall data set (nagapData.csv) is the aggregate of each individual “YYYY.csv” file. 
 
 3. 
 
 The glacier photos are located at the third level (this level). The folders at this level are distinguished by camera roll number (1, 2, etc.), and image type (thumbnail, jpeg, or tif); some also contain fiducial and oblique image folders. This level primarily contains image files of aerial photos as either thumbnails, jpegs, or tifs. It also includes a csv with image metadata specific to each roll (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments), a text file (info.txt) with camera specifications unique to each image, and a text file (histo.txt or matchReport.txt) with color information and scanner specifications unique to each image.
DOI: 10.18739/a2th8bn5w
title: Photogrammetric scans of aerial photographs of North American glaciers, 1970. Roll 1 thumbnails

description: Introduction: 
 
 Between 1958 and 1999, Austin Post led the USGS collection of aerial imagery of North American glaciers. These images are primarily vertical stereo black and white images, although single oblique images, as well as color images have been collected. The glaciers of North America were the subjects, and the digital products made available here serve to document the changes that have occurred to the glaciers over the past 5 decades. The purpose of this project is to preserve the data contained within these film images in a digital format for future analysis of North American glacier change.
 
 File Layout: 
 
 
 1. 
 
 The first level contains an overall data set of image metadata from 1964 - 1997 (nagapData.csv) and an R script (searchData.R) with instructions on how to search and subset the data. fileLayout.pdf shows the file structure and folder contents visually. There are also three kml files with flight path information by decade. 
 
 2. 
 
 The second level is the year in which the pictures were taken. There are 32 years with images from 1964 – 1997. The majority of these folders are jpegs with notes provided by Austin Post. They also contain a year-specific csv (YYYY.csv) that contains image metadata for the entire year (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments). The overall data set (nagapData.csv) is the aggregate of each individual “YYYY.csv” file. 
 
 3. 
 
 The glacier photos are located at the third level (this level). The folders at this level are distinguished by camera roll number (1, 2, etc.), and image type (thumbnail, jpeg, or tif); some also contain fiducial and oblique image folders. This level primarily contains image files of aerial photos as either thumbnails, jpegs, or tifs. It also includes a csv with image metadata specific to each roll (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments), a text file (info.txt) with camera specifications unique to each image, and a text file (histo.txt or matchReport.txt) with color information and scanner specifications unique to each image.
DOI: 10.18739/a2z60c287
title: Photogrammetric scans of aerial photographs of North American glaciers, 1972. Roll 2 tiffs

description: Introduction: 
 
 Between 1958 and 1999, Austin Post led the USGS collection of aerial imagery of North American glaciers. These images are primarily vertical stereo black and white images, although single oblique images, as well as color images have been collected. The glaciers of North America were the subjects, and the digital products made available here serve to document the changes that have occurred to the glaciers over the past 5 decades. The purpose of this project is to preserve the data contained within these film images in a digital format for future analysis of North American glacier change.
 
 File Layout: 
 
 
 1. 
 
 The first level contains an overall data set of image metadata from 1964 - 1997 (nagapData.csv) and an R script (searchData.R) with instructions on how to search and subset the data. fileLayout.pdf shows the file structure and folder contents visually. There are also three kml files with flight path information by decade. 
 
 2. 
 
 The second level is the year in which the pictures were taken. There are 32 years with images from 1964 – 1997. The majority of these folders are jpegs with notes provided by Austin Post. They also contain a year-specific csv (YYYY.csv) that contains image metadata for the entire year (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments). The overall data set (nagapData.csv) is the aggregate of each individual “YYYY.csv” file. 
 
 3. 
 
 The glacier photos are located at the third level (this level). The folders at this level are distinguished by camera roll number (1, 2, etc.), and image type (thumbnail, jpeg, or tif); some also contain fiducial and oblique image folders. This level primarily contains image files of aerial photos as either thumbnails, jpegs, or tifs. It also includes a csv with image metadata specific to each roll (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments), a text file (info.txt) with camera specifications unique to each image, and a text file (histo.txt or matchReport.txt) with color information and scanner specifications unique to each image.
DOI: 10.18739/a2pr7mv27
title: Photogrammetric scans of aerial photographs of North American glaciers, 1970. Roll 1 jpegs

description: Introduction: 
 
 Between 1958 and 1999, Austin Post led the USGS collection of aerial imagery of North American glaciers. These images are primarily vertical stereo black and white images, although single oblique images, as well as color images have been collected. The glaciers of North America were the subjects, and the digital products made available here serve to document the changes that have occurred to the glaciers over the past 5 decades. The purpose of this project is to preserve the data contained within these film images in a digital format for future analysis of North American glacier change.
 
 File Layout: 
 
 
 1. 
 
 The first level contains an overall data set of image metadata from 1964 - 1997 (nagapData.csv) and an R script (searchData.R) with instructions on how to search and subset the data. fileLayout.pdf shows the file structure and folder contents visually. There are also three kml files with flight path information by decade. 
 
 2. 
 
 The second level is the year in which the pictures were taken. There are 32 years with images from 1964 – 1997. The majority of these folders are jpegs with notes provided by Austin Post. They also contain a year-specific csv (YYYY.csv) that contains image metadata for the entire year (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments). The overall data set (nagapData.csv) is the aggregate of each individual “YYYY.csv” file. 
 
 3. 
 
 The glacier photos are located at the third level (this level). The folders at this level are distinguished by camera roll number (1, 2, etc.), and image type (thumbnail, jpeg, or tif); some also contain fiducial and oblique image folders. This level primarily contains image files of aerial photos as either thumbnails, jpegs, or tifs. It also includes a csv with image metadata specific to each roll (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments), a text file (info.txt) with camera specifications unique to each image, and a text file (histo.txt or matchReport.txt) with color information and scanner specifications unique to each image.
DOI: 10.18739/a2k06x186
title: Photogrammetric scans of aerial photographs of North American glaciers, 1970. Roll 1 tiffs

description: Introduction: 
 
 Between 1958 and 1999, Austin Post led the USGS collection of aerial imagery of North American glaciers. These images are primarily vertical stereo black and white images, although single oblique images, as well as color images have been collected. The glaciers of North America were the subjects, and the digital products made available here serve to document the changes that have occurred to the glaciers over the past 5 decades. The purpose of this project is to preserve the data contained within these film images in a digital format for future analysis of North American glacier change.
 
 File Layout: 
 
 
 1. 
 
 The first level contains an overall data set of image metadata from 1964 - 1997 (nagapData.csv) and an R script (searchData.R) with instructions on how to search and subset the data. fileLayout.pdf shows the file structure and folder contents visually. There are also three kml files with flight path information by decade. 
 
 2. 
 
 The second level is the year in which the pictures were taken. There are 32 years with images from 1964 – 1997. The majority of these folders are jpegs with notes provided by Austin Post. They also contain a year-specific csv (YYYY.csv) that contains image metadata for the entire year (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments). The overall data set (nagapData.csv) is the aggregate of each individual “YYYY.csv” file. 
 
 3. 
 
 The glacier photos are located at the third level (this level). The folders at this level are distinguished by camera roll number (1, 2, etc.), and image type (thumbnail, jpeg, or tif); some also contain fiducial and oblique image folders. This level primarily contains image files of aerial photos as either thumbnails, jpegs, or tifs. It also includes a csv with image metadata specific to each roll (date, roll numbers, location name, longitude, latitude, altitude, media, and comments), a text file (info.txt) with camera specifications unique to each image, and a text file (histo.txt or matchReport.txt) with color information and scanner specifications unique to each image.
DOI: 10.18739/a2f76674f
title: Black Rapids glacier GPS data, Eastern Alaska Range, 2012-2014

description: A glacier surge is characterized by a sudden increase in speed by one to two orders of magnitude and often leads to a significant movement of the terminus of the glacier. While the role of subglacial hydraulics during the surge has been well documented, the issue of surge initiation has remained unsolved. Also, the related question of why some glaciers surge and others do not remains open. This data set supported work to investigate whether the special geometry of many Alaska Range glaciers allows particularly large shear stresses to develop that eventually allow a surge to occur. The work focused on the Black Rapids Glacier on the Denali Fault in the eastern Alaska Range. This data set contains GPS measurements that were used to derive ice velocities. The velocities are used to document glacier speed-up events that occur annually as marginal lakes drain to the glacier bed and lubricate it. Such events act like mini-surges. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of tributary glaciers to a speed-up of the main branch.
DOI: 10.18739/a29g5gd96
title: Black Rapids glacier ice GPS data, Eastern Alaska Range, 2012-2014

description: A glacier surge is characterized by a sudden increase in speed by one to two orders of magnitude and often leads to a significant movement of the terminus of the glacier. While the role of subglacial hydraulics during the surge has been well documented, the issue of surge initiation has remained unsolved. Also, the related question of why some glaciers surge and others do not remains open. This data set supported work to investigate whether the special geometry of many Alaska Range glaciers allows particularly large shear stresses to develop that eventually allow a surge to occur. The work focused on the Black Rapids Glacier on the Denali Fault in the eastern Alaska Range. This data set contains GPS measurements that were used to derive ice velocities. The velocities are used to document glacier speed-up events that occur annually as marginal lakes drain to the glacier bed and lubricate it. Such events act like mini-surges. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of tributary glaciers to a speed-up of the main branch.
DOI: 10.18739/a25q4rm6j
title: Black Rapids Glacier mass balance, Eastern Alaska Range, 1972-2016

description: Black Rapids Glacier is a surge-type glacier in the Eastern Alaska Range. It has been monitored annually since 1972, when the United States Geological Survey initiated a mass balance program. After the program was discontinued by the agency it was picked up by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Initially, up to 12 sites were measured for seasonal mass balance, but the program was scaled back to four sites in the ablation and lower accumulation area of the glacier and to annual balances only. The data series is one of the longest mass balance series in the world, and probably the longest on a surge-type glacier. It captures what appears to be the transition from a surge-type glacier to one that might no longer be able to build up to surge geometry due to continued warming.
DOI: 10.18739/a2222r64z
title: Black Rapids Glacier time-lapse photos, Eastern Alaska Range, 2012-2013

description: A glacier surge is characterized by a sudden increase in speed by one to two orders of magnitude and often leads to a significant movement of the terminus of the glacier. While the role of subglacial hydraulics during the surge has been well documented, the issue of surge initiation has remained unsolved. Also, the related question of why some glaciers surge and others do not remains open. This data set supported work to investigate whether the special geometry of many Alaska Range glaciers allows particularly large shear stresses to develop that eventually allow a surge to occur. The work focused on the Black Rapids Glacier on the Denali Fault in the eastern Alaska Range. This data set contains time lapse photos collected at three sites to document the filling and draining of ice-marginal lakes. These lakes drain annually to the glacier bed and lubricate it, leading to a glacier speed-up by a factor of two or three that can last more than a day. Such events act like mini-surges. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of tributary glaciers to a speed-up of the main branch.
DOI: 10.18739/a2sj19r75
title: Toolik Logger Data NIMS - 2014

description: Logger records from the Networked Info-mechanical Systems (NIMS), Transect length: ~50m The data was recorded using a CR3000 logger. The sensor trolley was equipped with instruments for recording the distance to vegetation canopy (SR50a Sonic Distance, Campbell Scientific), up- and downwelling short- and longwave radiation (CNR4 net radiometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen), air temperature and surface temperature (SI-111 IR radiometer, Apogee Instruments Inc.) and spectral reflection (Jaz Combo-2, Ocean Optics; GreenSeeker RT100 (505), NTech).
DOI: 10.18739/a2x921k0f
title: Toolik Spectrometer Data 2014 - Ocean Optics, Jaz

description: Spectroradiometer data from the Ocean Optics Jaz Combo-2. Channel 0 (denoted _00jaz in file names) is the fiber looking at the earth's surface, Channel 1 (denoted _01jaz in file names) is the fiber looking at the reference.
DOI: 10.18739/a2ns0kz31
title: thule_tram_soil_temps_2013.csv

description: Soil temperatures at approximately 10 cm depth along a 55+ meter long transect near Thule Air Base, Greenland. The transect spans a gradient from wet tundra to polar semi-desert. iButton. IButtons installed in 2013 DOY166, removed DOY222 in 2012. Temperature collected ever four hours. Data processed to remove values when iButtons were not in soil and equalized with soil temperature. .csv, comma-delimited text. Data columns are: plot number, year, day of year, hour of day, minute of hour, fractional day of year, fractional year, temperature in C. Temperature resolution is 0.5 C
DOI: 10.18739/a2j09w49f
title: thule_tram_soil_temps_2012.csv

description: Soil temperatures at approximately 10 cm depth along a 55+ meter long transect near Thule Air Base, Greenland. The transect spans a gradient from wet tundra to polar semi-desert. iButton. IButtons installed in 2012 DOY158, removed DOY227 in 2012. Temperature collected ever four hours. Data processed to remove values when iButtons were not in soil and equalized with soil temperature. .csv, comma-delimited text. Data columns are: plot number, year, day of year, hour of day, minute of hour, fractional day of year, fractional year, temperature in C. Temperature resolution is 0.5 C
DOI: 10.18739/a2d795b46
title: thule_tram_soil_temp_winter_2013.csv

description: Soil temperatures at approximately 10 cm depth along a 55+ meter long transect near Thule Air Base, Greenland. The transect spans a gradient from wet tundra to polar semi-desert. iButton. IButtons installed in 2012 DOY228 and left in place to measure winter temperature during 2012 and 2013, removed DOY165 in 2013. Temperature collected ever four hours. Data processed to remove values when iButtons were not in soil and equalized with soil temperature. csv, comma-delimited text. Data columns are: plot number, year, day of year, hour of day, fractional day of year, temperature in C, fractional year. Temperature resolution is 0.5 C.
DOI: 10.18739/a28g8fj1j
title: thule_tram_soil_moisture_2012.csv

description: Soil moisture from a 50+ meter transect and from 21 random points in a wet sedge meadow near Thule Air Base, Greenland. Plots consist of a collar for flux measurements 6" in diameter but moisture measurements were taken outside the plot to minimize disturbance. The transect spans a gradient from wet tundra to drier polar semi-desert. Campbell Scientific Hydrosense II with 12 cm probes. Data collected every few days between DOY 163 and DOY 222. Along the transect measurements were made every five meters. Three reps per plot or position on the transect..csv, comma-delimited text. Data columns are: day of year, plot, rep, volumetric water content (%).
DOI: 10.18739/a24t6f38j
title: thule_soil_moisture_2013.xls

description: Soil moisture from a 50+ meter transect and from 21 random points in a wet sedge meadow near Thule Air Base, Greenland. Plots consist of a collar for flux measurements 6" in diameter but moisture measurements were taken outside the plot to minimize disturbance. The transect spans a gradient from wet tundra to drier polar semi-desert.Campbell Scientific Hydrosense II with 12 cm probes. Data collected ca. every other day between DOY 168 and DOY 222. Along the transect measurements were made every five meters. Three reps per plot or position on the transect. MS Excel (.xls) with two worksheets, one for the plots, the other for the transect. Data columns in both are: day of year, plot, rep, volumetric water content (%), time period of reflectance - raw data from the instrument.
DOI: 10.18739/a2125q956
title: thule_snowfence_tissue_2012.csv

description: Salix leaf tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and isotopes thereof in various plots representing high snow deposition and ambient snow in response to a snow fence. Snow fence was installed in 2003, gas exchange measured in 2012. Deep snow plots had approximately 74 cm of snow covering them. Ambient snow plots were 23 cm deep. Analyzed by IRMS, U. Alaska-Anchorage. Samples were collected six days during 2012. Samples are leaves of Salix arctica, ground to a fine powder using a bead-beater. Known mass of sample was loaded into tin capsules, combusted to CO2, and the gas passed to the mass spec. csv, comma-delimited text. Data columns are: 15N of tissue, 13C of tissue, N content of tissue (%), C content of tissue (%C), species, day of year sample was collected, treatment - +snow or ambient snow depth.
DOI: 10.18739/a2w950p1p
title: thule_snowfence_soil_stem_water_isotope_2012.xls

description: 2H and 18O isotopic composition of water extracted from soils and stems. Samples collected in various plots representing high snow deposition and ambient snow in response to a snow fence. Snow fence was installed in 2003, samples collected in 2012 Deep snow plots had approximately 74 cm of snow covering them. Ambient snow plots were 23 cm deep. Picarro L2130 18O/2H CRDS w/IM induction module, manual injection of samples w/o vaporizer. Samples were collected six days during 2012. Samples are analyzed by placing a a section of stem in a metal clip, or a soil sample in a metal tube and sealing the sample in a glass vial. The IM module then vaporizes water in the sample and passes the gas to the CRDS. Three reps of every sample were measured but only the last used to minimize memory effects. Values are relative to Mean Ocean Water VSMOW standard, instrument working standards were VSMOW and GISP. MS Excel (.xls). Worksheets for different dates in 2012. All worksheets have the same columns: type of analysis, day of year for sample collection, sample type, rep, depth for soil sample, 18O, 2H. Plots 1-3 are +snow, plots 4-6 are ambient snow.
DOI: 10.18739/a2rj48v7x
title: thule_snowfence_gasx_2012.csv

description: Leaf-level gas exchange of Salix arctica in various plots representing high snow deposition and ambient snow in response to a snow fence. Snow fence was installed in 2003, gas exchange measured in 2012. Deep snow plots had approximately 74 cm of snow covering them. Ambient snow plots were 23 cm deep. LiCor 6400 w/ 2-cm2 fluorometer chamber. Samples were collected six days during 2012. Measurement parameters were: light 1250 umol m-2 s-1, 400 ul l-1 CO2 in chamber. Measurements made approximately 2 hours either side of solar noon. .csv, comma-delimited text. Data are standard output from 6400 with the addition of day of year, a plot identifier, and a rep identifier. Plots 1-3 are +snow, plots 4-6 are ambient snow.
DOI: 10.18739/a2ms3k236
title: thule_precip_isotope_2012.xls

description: 2H and 18O isotopic composition of precipitation at Thule Air Base, Greenland. Picarro L2130 18O/2H CRDS w/IM induction module, manual injection of samples w/o vaporizer. Snow and rain water collected during various precipitation events in summer 2012 and snow pack water from May 2012. Samples are analyzed by placing a sample on filter paper, enclosing the filter paper in a metal clip, and sealing the sample in a glass vial. The IM module then vaporizes the sample and passes the gas to the CRDS. Three reps of every sample were measured but only the last used to minimize memory effects. Values are relative to Mean Ocean Water VSMOW standard, instrument working standards were VSMOW and GISP. Two worksheets, "all data" indicates raw machine output of all parameters and every measurement. Reduced mean values for 18O and 2h with identification. Columns are: date and time of analysis, date sample was collected, location of sample or standard used, type of sample, further description such as time of day or depth in snow pack, 18O (‰), 2H (‰).