DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p8cz8w9w6
title: Data from: Within- and across-generational effects of temperature: Exposure of Manduca sexta larvae to heat stress impacts future reproduction and offspring development

description: The effects of temperature on reproduction and other key fitness traits
 are often primarily considered only for the adult thermal environment, but
 exposure to thermal stress during earlier life stages may carry over to
 influence adult traits within a generation or even across generations. In
 this study, we assessed how an acute heat shock event experienced at two
 different points in Manduca sexta larval development (early and late)
 impacted adult performance and fitness traits and whether thermal exposure
 of parents elicited plastic changes in offspring traits. Heat stress
 during late larval development had significantly greater negative impacts
 on adult performance and fitness compared to earlier exposure. Adults that
 experienced a late larval heat shock failed to produce any viable
 offspring due to the complete elimination of egg hatching success. Larval
 heat stress during the parental generation reduced larval development
 times of their offspring in both control and heat shock conditions. The
 results of this study illustrate the negative consequences of larval heat
 stress for adult fitness and indicate that parental early thermal
 environment can significantly influence some traits in the next
 generation.
description: # Within- and across-generational effects of temperature: exposure of
 *Manduca sexta* larvae to heat stress impacts reproduction and offspring
 development
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p8cz8w9w6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p8cz8w9w6) ## **Description of the data and file structure** * **Ms_PE_Analysis.R** contains all R code used for data visualization and analysis - **Ms_PE_indv_life_history_all.csv** contains data of individual life history measures (mass, development time, etc.) for both parental and F1 generations * **Ms_PE_survival_gen1.csv** contains data of survival metrics (date and stage of individual death) for parental generation - **Ms_PE_survival_gen2.csv** contains data of survival metrics (date and stage of individual death) for F1 generation * **Ms_PE_fecundity_gen1.csv** contains data of fecundity metrics (numbers of eggs laid and hatch rates of eggs per moth pair) for parental generation - **Ms_PE_fecundity_gen2.csv** contains data of fecundity metrics (numbers of eggs laid and hatch rates of eggs per moth pair) for F1 generation * **Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv** contains data of egg size (area, mm^2) for parental generation - **Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv** contains data of egg size (area, mm^2) for F1 generation * **README_all-files.xlsx** contains a description of header fields for all data files #### **Description of header fields for Ms_PE_indv_life_history_all.csv** **ID** individual id number **treatment** heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E= early HS, L = late HS); all larvae were reared at 25+/-10 C, heat shocked at 42 C for 24hr at either 3rd (early) or 5th (late) instar; for gen2 individuals first letter indicates parental treatment **p.treat** HS treatment of parents (applicable to gen2 only) **d.treat** HS treatment experienced directly by individual (second letter of treatment for gen2) **gen** P = parental (generation 1), F1 = offspring (generation 2) **parent.ID** pair.ID of parents (applicable to gen2 only, P indicates colony parents for gen1 individuals) **date.col** date eggs were collected from the colony (gen 1) or from breeding cages (gen 2) **date.hatch** date of hatching from egg **date.PMD** date of pre-mature death (if individual died before eclosion) **stage.death** stage of individual when death occurred ("3rd", "4th", "wanderer", etc. if they died during experiment, "adult" if they successfully eclosed) **date.3** date of molt to 3rd instar **day.3** number of days from hatching to molt into 3rd **mass.3** mass at molt to 3rd instar (mg) **date.in.test_3** date one day after molt into 3rd, larvae from early HS group began 24hr HS treatment **mass.in.test_3** mass just before entering 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only early group experienced a HS) **date.out.test_3** date two days after molt into 3rd, larvae from early HS group were removed from HS **mass.out.test_3** mass immediately after larvae were removed from 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only early group experienced a HS) **delta.mass_3** change in mass during 24hr HS treatment (mass.out.test_3 - mass.in.test_3), individuals that molted to 4th during HS interval set to "NA" **date.4** date of molt into 4th instar **day.4** development time to 4th instar (number of days from date.hatch to date.4) **mass.4** mass at molt into 4th instar (mg) **date.5** date of molt into 5th instar **day.5** development time to 5th instar (number of days from date.hatch to date.5) **mass.5** mass at molt into 5th instar (mg) **date.in.test_5** date one day after molt into 5th, larvae from late HS group began 24hr HS treatment **mass.in.test_5** mass just before entering 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only late group experienced a HS) **date.out.test_5** date two days after molt into 5th, larvae from late HS group were removed from HS **mass.out.test_5** mass immediately after larvae were removed from 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only late group experienced a HS) **delta.mass_5** change in mass during 24hr HS treatment (mass.out.test_5 - mass.in.test_5) **date.w** date of wandering **day.w** development time to wandering (number of days from date.hatch to date.w) **mass.w** mass at wandering (mg) **date.p** date of pupation **day.p** development time to pupation (number of days from date.hatch to date.p) **date.p15** date 15 days after date.p, when pupal mass was assessed **mass.p15** mass of pupa 15 days after pupation (mg) **sex** M=male, F=female, sex determined at pupal stage **date.eclosed** date of eclosion into adult **day.adult** development time to eclosion (number of days from date.hatch to date.eclosed) **mass.adult** mass of adult (measured after wings were fully dry, mg) **date.mate** date M and F moths were paired for mating in flight cages **death.adul**t date of adult death **day.death** number of days from date.eclosed to death.adult (adult lifespan), "NA" if moth was placed in the fridge for 1 or more nights before being mated **mate.ID** ID of mate moth **pair.ID** unique id for each replicate mated pair #### **Description of header fields for Ms_PE_survival_gen1.csv** **ID** individual id number **treatment** heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E= early HS, L = late HS) **parent.ID** pair.ID of parents (applicable to gen2 only, P indicates colony parents for gen1 individuals) **PMD** binomial indicator of pre-mature death (1 if individual died before eclosion into adult, 0 if individual survived to adulthood) **stage.death** stage of individual when death occurred #### **Description of header fields for Ms_PE_survival_gen2.csv** **ID** individual id number **P.treat** parental heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS) **F1.treat** direct heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS) **parent.ID** pair.ID of parents (applicable to gen2 only, P indicates colony parents for gen1 individuals) **PMD** binomial indicator of pre-mature death (1 if individual died before eclosion into adult, 0 if individual survived to adulthood) **stage.death** stage of individual when death occurred #### **Description of header fields for Ms_PE_fecundity_gen1.csv** **pair.ID** unique id for each replicate mated pair **treatment** heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS) **cage.ID** ID of flight cage (A, B, C, D, ...), note: initially set up cages in wasp room, moved to colony room over conserns that close proximity to wasps may affect moth behavior **male.ID** ID number of male moth **female.ID** ID number of female moth **date.start** date M and F moths were paired for mating in flight cages **date.Mend** date of male's death **date.Fend** date of female's death **total.eggs** total number of eggs produced by moth pair over their lifetime **total.hatch** number of total.eggs that hatched **hatch.prop** proportion of eggs that hatch for moth pair (total.hatch/total.eggs) #### **Description of header fields for Ms_PE_fecundity_gen2.csv** **pair.ID** unique id for each replicate mated pair **P.treat** parental heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS) **HS.treat** direct heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS) **cage.ID** ID of flight cage (A, B, C, D, ...), note: most cages were set up in colony room but ran out of room there for later moth pairs so those were set up on benchtops in main lab area **male.ID** ID number of male moth **female.ID** ID number of female moth **date.start** date M and F moths were paired for mating in flight cages **date.Mend** date of male's death **date.Fend** date of female's death **total.eggs** total number of eggs produced by moth pair over their lifetime **total.hatch** number of total.eggs that hatched **hatch.prop** proportion of eggs that hatch for moth pair (total.hatch/total.eggs) #### **Description of header fields for Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv and Ms_PE_egg_size_gen2.csv** **egg.ID** id number of egg to uniquely identify mutliple eggs collected on the same day from a given mated pair **date.col** date egg was collected from mating cage **date.photo** date egg was photographed **treatment** heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E= early HS, L = late HS); for gen2 individuals first letter indicates parental treatment and second letter indicates direct treament **pair.ID** unique id for each replicate mated pair **M.ID** id number of male moth **F.ID** id number of female moth **area** area (mm^2) of threasholded egg image, estimated using Fiji image analysis software