cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23804457
title: Supplementary Material for: Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Ischemic Stroke with an Insertable Cardiac Monitor: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials

description: Objective: In ischemic stroke patients, we compared the use of insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) versus non-ICM methods of cardiac monitoring on the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection and other clinical outcomes. Background: Current guidelines recommend the routine use of 12-lead electrocardiography or Holter monitoring for AF detection after ischemic stroke. Recent randomised controlled trials have investigated the impact of ICM versus non-ICM methods of cardiac monitoring for AF detection in this population. However, precise recommendations for monitoring post-stroke AF are lacking; including the optimal timing, duration, and method of electrocardiography monitoring. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Embase and PubMed from database inception until 27 October 2022 to include randomised controlled trials that compared ICM with non-ICM methods of cardiac monitoring for post-stroke AF detection. This yielded 3 randomised controlled trials with a combined cohort of 1231 patients with a recent ischemic stroke. Individual patient data (IPD) was then reconstructed from Kaplan–Meier curves and analysed using the shared-frailty Cox model. An aggregate data meta-analysis was conducted for 1231 patients across all 3 studies for outcomes that could not be reconstructed using IPD. Results: One-stage meta-analysis demonstrated an increase in the hazard ratio (HR 6.01, 95% CI 3.40-10.60; p&lt;0.001) of AF detection in patients undergoing monitoring via ICM compared to standard care. Aggregate data meta analysis revealed a significant increase in initiation of anticoagulation (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.05 - 4.66; p&lt;0.00001) in the ICM group. However, no significant differences in the incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack or death were found. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we found that the use of ICM increased the detection rate of post-stroke AF and the rate of anticoagulation initiation. However, this did not translate into a reduced incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23820684
title: Supplementary Material for: An Open-label, Uncontrolled, Single-arm Clinical trial of Tofacitinib, an oral JAK1 and JAK3 kinase inhibitor, in Chinese patients with keloid

description: Background: The keloids treatment is still a thorny and complicated clinical problem, especially in multiple keloids induced by wound, severe burn, ethnic background or cultural behaviours, or unexplained skin healing. Mainstream treatments have limited efficacy in treating multiple keloids. As no oral treatment with painlessness and convenience is available, oral treatment strategies should be formulated. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of oral tofacitinib in keloid patients. Methods: We recruited the seven patients with keloid scars and prescribed 5 mg of tofacitinib twice a day orally with a maximum follow-up of 12 weeks. The Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), ANTERA 3D camera and the DUB Skin Scanner 75 were used to assess the characteristics of the lesion. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate collagen synthesis, proliferation, and relative molecular pathways. Moreover, the effects of tofacitinib were assessed on keloid fibroblast in vitro. Results: After 12 weeks of oral tofacitinib, significant improvement in POSAS, VSS and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores was observed (p &lt; 0.05). The volume, lesion height and dermis thickness of the keloid decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, significant decreases in the expression of collagen I, Ki67, p-STAT 3 and p-SMAD2 were observed after 12 weeks of administration. In vitro experiments suggested that tofacitinib treatment inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen I synthesis via suppression of STAT3 and SMAD2 pathway. Conclusion: Tofacitinib, a new candidate oral drug for keloid, could reduce keloid lesion volume by inhibiting keloid fibroblast synthesis and alleviate itch and pain to obtain a better life quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23850768
title: Supplementary Material for: Vagal nerve therapy in the management of obesity: a systematic review and metaanalysis

description: Introduction: The vagus nerve has an important role in satiety, metabolism and autonomic control in upper gastrointestinal function. However, the role and effects of vagal nerve therapy on weight loss remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of vagal nerve therapy on weight loss, body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related conditions. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for studies up to April 2022 that reported on % excess weight loss (%EWL) or BMI at 12 months or remission of obesity-related conditions following vagal nerve therapy from January 2000 to April 2022. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models and between-study heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Fifteen studies, of which nine were randomised-controlled trials, of 1447 patients were included. Vagal nerve therapy led to some improvement in %EWL (WMD 17.19%; 95% CI 10.94 to 23.44; p &lt; 0.001) and BMI (WMD -2.24 kg/m2; 95% CI -4.07 to -0.42; p = 0.016). There was a general improvement found in HbA1c following vagal nerve therapy when compared to no treatment given. No major complications were reported. Conclusions: Vagal nerve therapy can safely result in a mild-to-moderate improvement in weight loss. However, further clinical trials are required to confirm these results and investigate the possibility of the long-term benefit of vagal nerve therapy as a dual therapy combined with standard surgical bariatric interventions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23899155
title: Supplementary Material for: Associations of fruit and vegetable intake with metabolic health status in overweight and obese youth

description: Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake with metabolic health status among overweight and obese Iranian youth. Methods: In total, 203 obese and overweight youth including 101 boys and 102 girls, 12-18 years, were randomly recruited through a multistage cluster sampling approach in this study. A validated Persian format of food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate participants' usual food intake. Adolescents were categorized in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria as well as IDF plus insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) definition into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Results: Based on IDF criteria, youth in the third tertile of vegetable and combination of fruit and vegetable intake had 66% (odds ratio=0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.95) and 73% (odds ratio=0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.81) lower odds of MUO compared to those in the first tertile, in the fully-adjusted model. According to IDF plus HOMA-IR definition, inverse associations were also found between vegetable (odds ratio =0.36, 95% CI: 0.12-1.02) and the combination of fruit and vegetable (odds ratio =0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.79) intake with MUO phenotype. Stratified analysis indicated inverse associations between intake of vegetables and the combination of fruits and vegetables with MUO phenotype (based on IDF definition) in overweight, but not obese subjects. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that greater consumption of vegetables as well as the combination of fruit and vegetable was related to a lower risk of MUO phenotype, particularly in overweight youth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23925468
title: Supplementary Material for: The Effect of Gender on Identification and Interpretation of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

description: Reported rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) differ by gender, but may be under-reported and under-recognised in men. People engaging in NSSI rarely seek professional help without encouragement, so others play a key role in its identification and potential intervention. The current research investigated others’ interpretations of NSSI, examining whether gender affects NSSI identification and views of how common and acceptable NSSI is. Method: Participants (N = 429; 74.1% female, 23.3% male; see below for further information) responded to two vignettes describing a person self-injuring by punching a wall, or by cutting themselves. The person’s gender in each vignette was manipulated. Participants then rated the level to which they agreed the behaviour was common and the level to which they agreed the behaviour was acceptable for the gender of the person described, on a 5-point Likert scale. Following both vignettes, participants were presented with a definition of NSSI, and rated the level to which they agreed cutting, and wall-punching, were forms of NSSI on 5-point Likert scales. Independent-samples t-tests and goodness of fit chi square tests were conducted as appropriate. Results: Participants were more likely to identify wall-punching as common for men, and cutting as common for women. However, there was no significant difference in whether wall-punching was identified as NSSI, or considered to be an acceptable behaviour, regardless of the gender of the person engaging in it. That is, although research suggests that men are far more likely to engage in wall-punching as a form of NSSI than women, participants did not recognise this. Overall, the results indicated a gender-dependent difference in how acceptable and common NSSI is thought to be, but no noticeable difference in identification NSSI. Wall-punching, typically a form of NSSI engaged in by males, tended not to be identified as such. Conclusion: There is an effect of gender on how NSSI is interpreted and it seems that men’s NSSI is, and will continue to be, under-recognised. This has important implications for the treatment of men’s NSSI, which is more likely to be seen as aggression and therefore deserving of punishment, than an attempt at emotion regulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23967840
title: Supplementary Material for: Micro-CT Mineral Density Profile as Reference Standard for Early Carious Lesion Activity Assessment.

description: Early caries diagnosis is crucial to treatment decisions in dentistry and requires identification of lesion activity: whether a carious lesion is active (progressively demineralizing) or arrested (progressively remineralizing). This study aimed to identify microtomographic (micro-CT) differences between active and arrested smooth surface enamel lesions, to quantify those micro-CT differences by creating thresholds for ex vivo caries activity assessment to serve as a future reference standard, and to validate those thresholds against the remaining sample. Extracted human permanent teeth (n=59) were selected for sound surfaces and non-cavitated smooth surface carious lesions. Each surface was then examined for caries activity by calibrated individuals via visual-tactile examination using the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) activity criteria. Each tooth was scanned via micro-CT and the mineral density was plotted against lesion depth. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and represented the loss of density for the outermost 96 μm of enamel. AUC thresholds obtained from micro-CT were established to classify sound, remineralized, and demineralized surfaces against the gold standard examiner’s lesion assessment of sound, inactive, and active lesions, respectively. The established AUC thresholds demonstrated moderate agreement with the assessment in identifying demineralized lesions (k=0.45), with high sensitivity (0.73) and specificity (0.77). This study demonstrated quantifiable differences among demineralized lesions, remineralized lesions, and sound surfaces, which contributes to the establishment of micro-CT as a reference standard for caries activity that may be used to improve clinical and laboratorial dental caries evaluations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23993460
title: Supplementary Material for: Detection rates of non-cavitary epithelioid cell granuloma by gastrointestinal biopsy in patients with treatment-naïve Crohn's disease

description: Introduction: Detecting non-cavitary epithelioid cell granuloma by gastrointestinal biopsy is important in the initial diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD). In the present study, we aimed to determine the rate of granuloma detection by gastrointestinal biopsy according to the number of biopsies performed. Methods: The present study included patients newly diagnosed with CD at our hospital between April 2017 and March 2023. During endoscopic examinations, biopsy specimens were taken from affected lesions. Initially, one section per biopsy was examined to detect granuloma. In cases where no granuloma were detected, step sections were additionally prepared and examined. The rate of granuloma detection by gastrointestinal biopsy were retrospectively examined. Results: A total of 30 patients with a new diagnosis of CD were included in this study. In total, 284 gastrointestinal biopsies were performed in 29 cases. The rate of granuloma detection by gastrointestinal biopsy per case was 58.6% (17 out of 29 cases). The rate of granuloma detection by gastrointestinal biopsy per biopsy was 6.0% (17 out of 284 biopsies) on initial histological examination, and 11.6 % (33 out of 284 biopsies) following examination of step sections. The rate of granuloma detection was significantly improved by performing histological examination of step sections compared with initial examinations (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of granuloma detection per biopsy was 11.6%, even after histological examination of step sections. These results indicate that performing multiple intestinal biopsies and assessing for the presence of granuloma using multiple section examinations is required in the initial diagnosis of CD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24003876
title: Supplementary Material for: Botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of neuropathic pain after decompressive craniotomy in stroke – two cases

description: Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) is recommended as third-line off-label treatment for the management of neuropathic pain. BoNT-A has been reported as treatment for different neuropathic pain conditions; however not for neuropathic pain after decompressive craniotomy for stroke. The aim of this retrospective case series is to provide information on safety, the effect and the application method of BoNT-A in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropathic pain after trepanation. This case series describes two patients treated in 2021 at a BoNT outpatient clinic for chronic neuropathic pain at the incisional site after decompressive craniotomy for stroke which was resistant to pain medication. Cases were a 48-year old woman and a 63-year old man suffering from chronic neuropathic pain since 3 and 6 years, respectively. They were treated regularly with BoNT-A with a total dose of 100 mouse units of incobutulinumtoxin-A dose injected into peri-incisional sites of the scalp. Both patients reported subjective decrease in pain frequency (40% and 60%), in pain intensity (60% and 90%) and an increase of quality of life (80%). BoNT-A should be further investigated as treatment for neuropathic pain – especially in underreported conditions such as neuropathic pain after craniotomy in stroke.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24004068
title: Supplementary Material for: Bullous Lichen Planus of the Nails: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

description: Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder that may affect the skin, nails, and/or oral mucosa. Bullous lichen planus is a rare variant of lichen planus, which is even less common in the nails. We present a case of nail bullous lichen planus, in a 48-year-old male presenting with a ten-month history of onychodystrophy of all ten fingernails. A longitudinal excision of the left thumbnail was performed, with histopathology consistent with lichen planus with focal transition to bullous lichen planus. He was treated with intralesional triamcinolone injections to the fingernails monthly, with improvements noted after three treatments. Our patient’s nail bullous lichen planus manifested with longitudinal ridging, white-yellow discoloration, onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis, and v-shaped nicking. Histopathological findings included classical lichen planus changes, as well as formation of subepidermal bullae, colloid bodies, and extensive inflammatory infiltrate. Increased awareness and high index of suspicion for this condition are necessary, given the often late diagnosis reported in previously published cases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24008271
title: Supplementary Material for: Induction of vesicular trafficking and JNK-mediated apoptotic signaling in mononuclear leukocytes marks the immuno-proteostasis response to uremic proteins.

description: Introduction: Uremic retention solutes have been alleged to induce cell death in different cell types, including peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL), which may contribute to uremic leukopenia and immune dysfunction. Methods: The molecular effects of these solutes were investigated in uremic PBL (u-PBL) and mononuclear cell lines (THP-1 and K562) exposed to the high-molecular-weight fraction of uremic plasma (u-HMW; prepared 50 kDa microconcentrator ultrafiltration). Results: u-PBL show reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic death compared to healthy control PBL (c-PBL). u-HMW induce apoptosis both in u-PBL and c-PBL, as well as in mononuclear cell lines, also stimulating cellular H2O2 formation and secretion, IRE1-α-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and JNK/cJun pathway activation. Also, u-HMW induce autophagy in THP-1 monocytes. u-PBL were characterized by the presence in their cellular proteome of the main proteins and carbonylation targets of u-HMW, namely albumin, transferrin and fibrinogen, and by the increased expression of RAGE, a scavenger receptor with promiscuous ligand binding properties involved in leukocyte activation and endocytosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, large uremic solutes induce abnormal endocytosis and terminal alteration of cellular proteostasis mechanisms in PBL, including UPR/ERSR and autophagy. These are potent triggers of JNK-mediated apoptotic signaling. The findings in this study describe at the molecular level the suicidal role of immune cells in facing the uremic disturbances of systemic proteostasis, a process that we define as the immuno-proteostasis response of uremia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24018075
title: Supplementary Material for: Emodin inhibits the indoxyl sulfate-induced trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells through up-regulating TSP-1

description: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin with vascular toxicity. The primary cause of death in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis is vascular disease, and it had been reported that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) trans-differentiation (VT) plays a vital role in the context of vascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) participates in vascular calcification by keeping the balance of extracellular matrix, but its role in IS-induced VT is unclear. In this study, clinical specimens, animal models and in vitro VSMCs were used to investigate the role of TSP-1 in IS induced VT, and the potential therapeutic methods. We found that TSP-1 was significantly decreased in arterial samples from uremic patients, animal models, and in VSMCs after IS-treatment. Down-regulation of TSP-1 sufficiently induced the trans-differentiation genotypes of VSMCs. Emodin, the main monomer extracted from rhubarb, could alleviate IS-induced VT in vitro by up-regulating TSP-1. Taken together, IS induces VT by down-regulating TSP-1. Emodin might be a candidate drug to alleviate VT under IS treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24042798
title: Supplementary Material for: The Healthy Ageing Questionnaire (HAQ) Index: Validation in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study

description: Objective: Healthy ageing (HA) indices typically use full questionnaire, performance or blood-based assessment of functional ability which are time-consuming and resource-intensive. We developed and validated a simple and brief Healthy Ageing Questionnaire (HAQ) index with comparable measurement accuracy. Study Design and Setting: The 15-item HAQ (scored 0-100) was developed using data of 500 participants in the Singapore Study of Successful Ageing (SSOSA) a sub-cohort of the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS2). Its construct, concurrent and predictive validity was evaluated in 2161 participants in the SLAS2 who were non-participants of the SSOSA. Results: The HAQ index (mean=64.0, SD=11.8) showed a coherent 3-factor structure (Cronbach’s alpha=0.735). HAQ scores were higher among participants who were female, highly educated, not living alone, non-smoking, non-alcohol drinkers, not at risk of malnutrition, were robust or pre-frail, not disabled, had no or &lt;5 medical conditions, and no recent fall or hospitalization. It was positively correlated with MMSE and life satisfaction, and negatively correlated with age, logMAR vision, 5 times sit-and-stand, and timed-up-and-go. The HAQ index was significantly correlated but showed modest concordance with the Rowe-Kahn SA index. Increasing HAQ index quintiles were associated with increased mortality risks from 40.6 to 9.7 deaths per 1,000 p-y; covariate-adjusted hazard ratio for the highest Q5 levels (HAQ score &gt;70) was 0.44 (95%CI=0.28-0.67). Using ROC analysis of predictive accuracy for survival, the AUC of HAQ was 0.675, and Rowe-Kahn SA index was 0.660 (p=0.361). Conclusion: The HAQ is a brief and accurate HA index that is potentially useful across diverse settings and purposes in research, healthcare and policy-making.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24065754
title: Supplementary Material for: Effectiveness and factors associated with response to golimumab in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis in real clinical practice: Phoenix Study

description: Abstract Introduction: There have been limited reports on the clinical efficacy of golimumab (GLM) in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in real clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the real-life effectiveness and factors associated with response to GLM in Japanese patients with UC. Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicenter study was conducted in hospitals with expertise in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Sixty-three patients treated with GLM and active UC were included in the analysis. Clinical remission (CR) (partial Mayo score ≤2) in the induction and maintenance phases after GLM treatment and associated factors were evaluated. Results: The proportion of patients achieving CR in the induction and maintenance phases was 41.3% (26/63) and 46.0% (29/63, the last observation carried forward method was used for patients who discontinued treatment for reasons other than inadequate response), respectively. The median partial Mayo score was 5 (IQR 4-6) at baseline, 3 (IQR 1-5) in the induction phase, and 1 (IQR 0-3) in the maintenance phase. Hemoglobin, platelet, and C-reactive protein levels changed, consistent with the partial Mayo score. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that biologic-naive status was an independent factor associated with CR in the induction (p=0.0200) and maintenance (p=0.0459) phases, and a disease duration of &gt;60 months until GLM initiation was associated with CR in the induction phase (p=0.0427). Conclusions: The effectiveness of GLM in daily clinical practice has been confirmed in Japanese patients with active UC. Biologic-naive patients responded more to GLM in the induction and maintenance phases, and patients with a disease duration of &gt;60 months until initiation of GLM were more responsive in the induction phase.