DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tbh7
title: Quantitative plant resistance enhances pathogen adaptation to ecological stresses

description: Host-pathogen interactions play an important role in shaping ecosystems
 with many fundamental and applied implications. However, many aspects of
 the processes, consequences and mechanisms of these antagonistic
 interactions are still unknown. Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that
 quantitative plant resistance (QPR) enhances pathogen pathogenicity,
 therefore, threatening ecological function and sustainability but this
 hypothesis has rarely been tested empirically. Here, we present results
 from an eco-evolutionary study of a quantitative plant-pathogen
 interaction using 16 potato varieties and &gt;2000 Phytophthora
 infestans strains. Twelve functional traits in a subset (&gt;300
 strains) of the P. infestans populations derived from these varieties were
 compared. Our results indicate that QPR enhances pathogen pathogenicity
 and facilitates pathogen adaptation to other disease management attempts
 including the deployment of qualitative plant resistance and the
 application of fungicides, and to environmental and chemical stresses
 including salinity, UV radiation, H2O2, heat and cold. QPR also increases
 pathogen spore production and potential of sexual recombination thereby
 enhancing the generation of new variation for adaptation. Genome-wide
 analyses indicate that the observed patterns of functional variation
 result from increased selection from potato varieties with higher QPR and
 that a substantial portion of genome are involved in the adaptation
 genetically and epigenetically. Our results highlight a potential risk to
 ecological function and resilience associated with continuing deployment
 of QPR, particularly under future climate conditions and are expected to
 stimulate further investigation into this important phenomenon with many
 host-pathogen systems.
description: # Quantitative plant resistance enhances pathogen adaptation to ecological
 stresses
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.573n5tbh7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.573n5tbh7) ## Description of the data and file structure Raw data belonging to: Li-Na Yang†, Zhe-Chao Pan†, Oswald Nkurikiyimfura†, Jianjun Lu, Yan-Ping Wang, Ying Wang, Abdul Waheed, Han-Mei Fang, Peter H. Thrall, Jeremy J. Burdon, Qi-Jun Sui*, Jiasui Zhan*. (2024), Quantitative plant resistance enhances pathogen adaptation to ecological stresses, Nature Communications### Files and variables #### File: NCOMMS\_Data.zip **Description:**  | Metadata for file ‘1-Raw Data’ | | | | :---------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | Numerical order of Raw data | Content  | Abbreviations | | Raw data 1 | Resistance level of the 16 potato varities measured by AUDPC which is calculated from the visual estimate of disease severity in field | AUDPC = Area Under Disease Progress Curves  | | Raw data 2 | Resistance level of the 16 potato varieties evaluated by greenhouse measurement of lesion size | n/a = not available | | Raw data 3 | Incubation period of Phytophthora infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | n/a = not available | | Raw data 4 |  Lesion size (aggressiveness cm2) of Phytophthora  infestans isolates collected from the 16 potato varieties | | | Raw data 5 | Pathotype complexity of Phytophthora infestans strains collected from the 16 potato varieties (0= no infection, 1 = infection) | | | Raw data 6 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR of Mancozeb treatment | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide, n/a = not available | | Raw data 7 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate EC50 of Mancozeb treatment | EC50 = Half maximum effective concentration, n/a = not available | | Raw data 8 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR of Azoxytrombin treatment | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide, n/a = not available | | Raw data 9 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate EC50 of Azoxystrobin treatment | EC50 = Half maximum effective concentration, n/a = not available | | Raw data 10 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR at 25℃ | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide | | Raw data 11 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR at 13℃ | | | Raw data 12 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR for H2O2 treatment | | | Raw data 13 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR under UV treatment | | | Raw data 14 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate RGR with NaCl treatment | n/a = not available | | Raw data 15 | Sporangium yield (per view) in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | n/a = not available | | Raw data 16 | Mating types (+ = self-fertile, - = Non self-fertile) in the P. infestans isolates collected from the 16 potato varieties | | | Raw data 17 | Colony size (cm2) used to calculate growth rate of the isolates on agar | n/a = not available | | Raw data 18 | The gene expression level of Pinf\_014372, Pinf\_017755 and Pinf\_022024 | | | | | | | Metadata for file ‘2-Expanded data’ | | | | | | | | Numerical order of Expanded data | Content  | Abbreviations | | Expanded data 1 | Mancozeb resistance measured by RGR in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide, n/a = not available | | Expanded data 2 | Mancozeb resistance measured by EC50 in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | EC50 = Half maximum effective concentration | | Expanded data 3 | Azoxystrobin resistance measured by RGR in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide, n/a = not available | | Expanded data 4 | Azoxystrobin resistance measured by EC50 in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | EC50 = Half maximum effective concentration | | Expanded data 5 | RGR under 25℃ (high temperature) of the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide | | Expanded data 6 | RGR under 13℃ (low temperature) of the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | | | Expanded data 7 | RGR under H2O2 treatment of the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | | | Expanded data 8 | RGR under UV treatment in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide, UV = Ultraviolet | | Expanded data 9 | RGR under NaCl treatment in the P. infestans populations collected from the 16 potato varieties | RGR = Relative growth rate of the pathogen with and without fungicide, NaCl = Sodium Chloride | | Expanded data 10 | The linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay patterns in the P. infestans genomes (HQPR, LQPR and all combined) | HQPR = High Quantitative Plant Resistance, LQPR = Low Quantitative Plant Resistance  | | Expanded data 11 | Pairwise differences in the number of SNPs and Indels between the genomes of HQPR- and LQPR-derived pathogens | SNPs = Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, HQPR = High Quantitative Plant Resistance, LQPR = Low Quantitative Plant Resistance  | | Expanded data 12 | Differences of SNPs and Indels in the P. infestans genomes and differences in the resistance of potato varieties | SNPs = Single Nucleotide Polymorphism | | Expanded data 13 | Chromosome walking of genetic differentiation (Fst) between HQPR- and LQPR-derived pathogen genomes, ‘HQPR’ and ‘LQPR’ | HQPR = High Quantitative Plant Resistance, LQPR = Low Quantitative Plant Resistance  | ## Code/software Zip and Excel