cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4782245
title: Neural Language Models for Nineteenth-Century English (dataset; language model zoo)

description: This dataset contains four types of neural language models trained on a large historical dataset of books in English, published between 1760-1900 and comprised of ~5.1 billion tokens. The language model architectures include static (word2vec and fastText) and contextualized models (BERT and Flair). For each architecture, we trained a model instance using the whole dataset. Additionally, we trained separate instances on text published before 1850 for the two static models, and four instances considering different time slices for BERT. Github repository: https://github.com/Living-with-machines/histLM
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4779090
title: Neural Language Models for Nineteenth-Century English (dataset; language model zoo)

description: This dataset contains four types of neural language models trained on a large historical dataset of books in English, published between 1760-1900 and comprised of ~5.1 billion tokens. The language model architectures include static (word2vec and fastText) and contextualized models (BERT and Flair). For each architecture, we trained a model instance using the whole dataset. Additionally, we trained separate instances on text published before 1850 for the two static models, and four instances considering different time slices for BERT. Github repository: https://github.com/Living-with-machines/histLM
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4782265
title: Data and Analysis for: Uncovering the effects of symbiosis and temperature on coral calcification

description: This release coincides with the submission of the revised manuscript.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4776253
title: Data and Analysis for: Uncovering the effects of symbiosis and temperature on coral calcification

description: This release coincides with the submission of the revised manuscript.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14052395
title: Evidence for passive dispersal of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Nearctic boreal forest

description: Passive transport has likely contributed to the post-glacial dispersal of species in temperate regions. However, identifying such processes from patterns can be obscured by confounding environmental conditions. We studied the distribution of ground beetles in Ontario’s Far North, a vast (450,000 km<sup>2</sup>) and largely intact region, to identify mechanisms that aid in species dispersal when confounding factors, such as temperature, are controlled. We tested a model of passive, riverine dispersal using recent records of flightless and flighted ground beetles from 34 sites across the region. The number of species declined with distance from main watershed rivers, as predicted from our model at the site level. Contrary to expectations, this pattern was evident with flighted species but not flightless species. The opposite pattern, with flightless species displaying a decrease with increasing distance from river, was evident at a regional level. These patterns are consistent with ground beetles carried along rivers since glacial retreat. We surmise that northward dispersal of these invertebrates into the boreal forest has been aided by vegetation and other debris flowing down rivers, including soil from eroded banks in which larvae and pupae reside. Biogeographic inferences, although often subtle, can be supported by broad-scale studies of intact landscapes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14052395.v1
title: Evidence for passive dispersal of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Nearctic boreal forest

description: Passive transport has likely contributed to the post-glacial dispersal of species in temperate regions. However, identifying such processes from patterns can be obscured by confounding environmental conditions. We studied the distribution of ground beetles in Ontario’s Far North, a vast (450,000 km<sup>2</sup>) and largely intact region, to identify mechanisms that aid in species dispersal when confounding factors, such as temperature, are controlled. We tested a model of passive, riverine dispersal using recent records of flightless and flighted ground beetles from 34 sites across the region. The number of species declined with distance from main watershed rivers, as predicted from our model at the site level. Contrary to expectations, this pattern was evident with flighted species but not flightless species. The opposite pattern, with flightless species displaying a decrease with increasing distance from river, was evident at a regional level. These patterns are consistent with ground beetles carried along rivers since glacial retreat. We surmise that northward dispersal of these invertebrates into the boreal forest has been aided by vegetation and other debris flowing down rivers, including soil from eroded banks in which larvae and pupae reside. Biogeographic inferences, although often subtle, can be supported by broad-scale studies of intact landscapes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14132331.v1
title: Assessing the postfire resilience of a Mediterranean forest from satellite and ground data (NDVI, vegetation profile, avifauna)

description: Estimating the resilience time of an ecosystem may lead to different values depending on the compartment or function of interest and the measurement method. We sought to estimate the resilience of a cork oak (<i>Quercus suber</i> L.) stand – a typical west Mediterranean forest type – 8 years after a wildfire, using three independent indicators. Each represents a function or a characteristic of the ecosystem: (i) the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a remote sensing-based proxy of photosynthetic activity, (ii) the vegetation profile, based on an estimation of the vegetation cover at different heights above ground, and (iii) the avifauna composition, a component of animal biodiversity. The NDVI seems to have recovered a value close to its pre-fire value about 9 years after the fire. Recovering a vertical vegetation profile similar to that before the fire requires a longer time, tentatively estimated to not less than a dozen years. Recovery of the pre-fire avifauna is likely to require an even longer time, which could not be estimated from our 8-year monitoring period. The indicator based on avifauna appears to be the most discriminating indicator, among the three compared here, for estimating the time required for full recovery of the ecosystem over the long term.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14132331
title: Assessing the postfire resilience of a Mediterranean forest from satellite and ground data (NDVI, vegetation profile, avifauna)

description: Estimating the resilience time of an ecosystem may lead to different values depending on the compartment or function of interest and the measurement method. We sought to estimate the resilience of a cork oak (<i>Quercus suber</i> L.) stand – a typical west Mediterranean forest type – 8 years after a wildfire, using three independent indicators. Each represents a function or a characteristic of the ecosystem: (i) the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a remote sensing-based proxy of photosynthetic activity, (ii) the vegetation profile, based on an estimation of the vegetation cover at different heights above ground, and (iii) the avifauna composition, a component of animal biodiversity. The NDVI seems to have recovered a value close to its pre-fire value about 9 years after the fire. Recovering a vertical vegetation profile similar to that before the fire requires a longer time, tentatively estimated to not less than a dozen years. Recovery of the pre-fire avifauna is likely to require an even longer time, which could not be estimated from our 8-year monitoring period. The indicator based on avifauna appears to be the most discriminating indicator, among the three compared here, for estimating the time required for full recovery of the ecosystem over the long term.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853533
title: Diel activity patterns and overlap between Eurasian red squirrels and Siberian chipmunks in native and introduced ranges

description: Differential temporal behaviour promotes the coexistence of similar species, thus reducing interspecific competition. We investigated the overlap of activity patterns of invasive Siberian chipmunks <i>Eutamias sibiricus</i> and native Eurasian red squirrels <i>Sciurus vulgaris</i> in northeastern Italy; then, we compared our data with the activity of the same squirrel species in Mongolia, where both of them are native. Siberian chipmunks and Eurasian red squirrels resulted to be strictly diurnal species throughout their range. Both in the native and in the introduced range, the temporal activity of the Siberian chipmunk moderately overlapped with that of the larger Eurasian red squirrel, thus suggesting a limited temporal partitioning among these rodents. Levels of temporal overlap did not significantly differ between the native and the introduced range of the Siberian chipmunk. Our results provide further evidence that direct competitions may not occur between native Eurasian red squirrels and invasive Siberian chipmunks in Europe. This may be reflected by the different peaks of activity we found in spite of the general overlap in diel activity pattern, and/or by other unmeasured processes such as segregation in a spatial occurrence at the fine scale.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853542.v1
title: Male validation factor for three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>) mate choice likely evolutionarily conserved since 50 thousand years

description: During mate choice, three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>) females make use of male olfactory cues to determine the suitability of potential mates in a species- and habitat-dependent manner. This signal contains peptides reflecting the individual male’s MHC profile and a so-called male validation factor (MVF) indicating the species identity of the sender. In a two-armed flow channel, we exposed gravid females to male odour. The odours from males that produced only the MVF but no MHC signal yet were used to examine whether the MVF of distant stickleback populations, one from Canada and one from Germany – genetically isolated since approximately 31–59 thousand years – has changed to such a degree that present-day females only react to the MVF produced by males from their population of origin. The fish used in the experiments were bred from in vitro-fertilized eggs in either country; those from Canada were shipped for analysis to the Plön laboratory to minimize experimental variability. Given the choice between the two MVFs, females did not significantly prefer the MVF of males of their own origin over the other. However, compared to water, both types of females preferred their own MVF significantly and the foreign MVF almost significantly, respectively, suggesting that they could smell MVFs from both origins. These results suggest that, despite long-term genetic isolation between Canadian and German populations, the three-spined stickleback male validation factor has remained constant and thus represents an evolutionarily conserved signal.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853542
title: Male validation factor for three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>) mate choice likely evolutionarily conserved since 50 thousand years

description: During mate choice, three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>) females make use of male olfactory cues to determine the suitability of potential mates in a species- and habitat-dependent manner. This signal contains peptides reflecting the individual male’s MHC profile and a so-called male validation factor (MVF) indicating the species identity of the sender. In a two-armed flow channel, we exposed gravid females to male odour. The odours from males that produced only the MVF but no MHC signal yet were used to examine whether the MVF of distant stickleback populations, one from Canada and one from Germany – genetically isolated since approximately 31–59 thousand years – has changed to such a degree that present-day females only react to the MVF produced by males from their population of origin. The fish used in the experiments were bred from in vitro-fertilized eggs in either country; those from Canada were shipped for analysis to the Plön laboratory to minimize experimental variability. Given the choice between the two MVFs, females did not significantly prefer the MVF of males of their own origin over the other. However, compared to water, both types of females preferred their own MVF significantly and the foreign MVF almost significantly, respectively, suggesting that they could smell MVFs from both origins. These results suggest that, despite long-term genetic isolation between Canadian and German populations, the three-spined stickleback male validation factor has remained constant and thus represents an evolutionarily conserved signal.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13302092
title: Microevolutionary change in mimicry? Potential erosion of rattling behaviour among nonvenomous snakes on islands lacking rattlesnakes

description: Batesian mimics – harmless species that converge on the warning signals of a dangerous species – are spectacular examples of adaptation, but few documented cases involve acoustic signals. Even fewer studies have documented microevolutionary change in mimicry of any kind. Here, we describe a potential evolutionary change in acoustic mimicry. Many nonvenomous snakes vibrate their tail tip when threatened, making a sound resembling venomous rattlesnakes, which can vibrate their tail rapidly and for a long duration. When we compared this behavior between Gophersnakes from mainland California (where rattlesnakes are present) versus nearby derived island populations (where rattlesnakes are absent), we found that mainland snakes vibrated their tail for a longer duration, thereby producing a signal more similar to rattlesnakes. At the same time, we did not find evidence that island snakes differ from mainland snakes in the rate at which they vibrate their tails, or their propensity to vibrate their tails. Taken together, these data lend some support to the longstanding hypothesis that defensive tail vibration by nonvenomous snakes represents acoustic mimicry of rattlesnakes. These data further suggest that this mimetic signal may be undergoing erosion in populations where rattlesnakes are absent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13302092.v1
title: Microevolutionary change in mimicry? Potential erosion of rattling behaviour among nonvenomous snakes on islands lacking rattlesnakes

description: Batesian mimics – harmless species that converge on the warning signals of a dangerous species – are spectacular examples of adaptation, but few documented cases involve acoustic signals. Even fewer studies have documented microevolutionary change in mimicry of any kind. Here, we describe a potential evolutionary change in acoustic mimicry. Many nonvenomous snakes vibrate their tail tip when threatened, making a sound resembling venomous rattlesnakes, which can vibrate their tail rapidly and for a long duration. When we compared this behavior between Gophersnakes from mainland California (where rattlesnakes are present) versus nearby derived island populations (where rattlesnakes are absent), we found that mainland snakes vibrated their tail for a longer duration, thereby producing a signal more similar to rattlesnakes. At the same time, we did not find evidence that island snakes differ from mainland snakes in the rate at which they vibrate their tails, or their propensity to vibrate their tails. Taken together, these data lend some support to the longstanding hypothesis that defensive tail vibration by nonvenomous snakes represents acoustic mimicry of rattlesnakes. These data further suggest that this mimetic signal may be undergoing erosion in populations where rattlesnakes are absent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12319676.v1
title: Effects of floral display and abiotic environment on the foraging activity of bees on <i>Kallstroemia pubescens</i> (Zygophyllaceae)

description: Foraging activity of bees depends on a combination of their biology, floral traits attractive for bees and environmental factors. We carried out this study to determine whether the variation of floral aperture, floral display and environmental factors throughout the day influence the foraging activity and composition of bee visitors in <i>Kallstroemia pubescens</i> (G. Don) Dandy. This research was conducted at the Chamela Biological Station, UNAM, Jalisco, Mexico. During anthesis, we collected bees and recorded the foraging behavior hourly. We measured hourly the environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity), floral aperture, floral display and floral reward. Using generalized linear mixed-effects models we tested which of the factors have more influence on floral aperture and foraging activity. To determine the dissimilarity of the species composition between the hours sampled, we used a one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). We found that light intensity and humidity affected the floral aperture. Likewise, floral aperture, light intensity, temperature and time of day had a higher influence on the frequency of visitation and composition of bee species. When flowers were fully open, we recorded a greater number of bees and species. We observed two types of foraging behavior: bees collecting resources from the top of the flower (pollen gatherers) and bees within the flower avoiding the anthers and stigma (nectar gatherers). The total number of pollen gatherers recorded during our observations was greater than nectar gatherers, suggesting that this is the main floral reward. The species that had the pollen gathering behavior were mainly big bees, <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Exomalopsis zexmeniae</i>, these are the potential pollinators because of their direct contact with the reproductive parts of the flower. Our results show floral aperture and environmental factors in combination influenced the foraging activity of bees, promoting changes in bee community composition throughout the day.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12319676
title: Effects of floral display and abiotic environment on the foraging activity of bees on <i>Kallstroemia pubescens</i> (Zygophyllaceae)

description: Foraging activity of bees depends on a combination of their biology, floral traits attractive for bees and environmental factors. We carried out this study to determine whether the variation of floral aperture, floral display and environmental factors throughout the day influence the foraging activity and composition of bee visitors in <i>Kallstroemia pubescens</i> (G. Don) Dandy. This research was conducted at the Chamela Biological Station, UNAM, Jalisco, Mexico. During anthesis, we collected bees and recorded the foraging behavior hourly. We measured hourly the environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity), floral aperture, floral display and floral reward. Using generalized linear mixed-effects models we tested which of the factors have more influence on floral aperture and foraging activity. To determine the dissimilarity of the species composition between the hours sampled, we used a one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). We found that light intensity and humidity affected the floral aperture. Likewise, floral aperture, light intensity, temperature and time of day had a higher influence on the frequency of visitation and composition of bee species. When flowers were fully open, we recorded a greater number of bees and species. We observed two types of foraging behavior: bees collecting resources from the top of the flower (pollen gatherers) and bees within the flower avoiding the anthers and stigma (nectar gatherers). The total number of pollen gatherers recorded during our observations was greater than nectar gatherers, suggesting that this is the main floral reward. The species that had the pollen gathering behavior were mainly big bees, <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Exomalopsis zexmeniae</i>, these are the potential pollinators because of their direct contact with the reproductive parts of the flower. Our results show floral aperture and environmental factors in combination influenced the foraging activity of bees, promoting changes in bee community composition throughout the day.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853539.v1
title: Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat

description: Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853530
title: Diet of terrestrial anurans in an ephemeral and simplified habitat during the dry season in the Brazilian Cerrado

description: Amphibians often use ephemeral and simplified habitats during dry seasons in tropical biomes. These simplified habitats can have less prey available, but only a few studies focus on how their use affects frogs’ diet. Here we studied the diet of three terrestrial frogs (<i>Adenomera</i> sp., <i>Ameerega berohoka</i>, and <i>Rhinella ocellata</i>) at a riverbank exposed only during the dry season in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Diets overlapped more than expected by chance and were composed mainly of social insects (ants and termites). Prey volumes were not related to the size of frogs or their head measurements. Frogs at the riverbank ingested less prey categories and fewer prey items in comparison to studies conducted in more stable and complex environments. We suggest that frogs were attracted to riverbanks by the humidity and availability of reproductive sites, opportunistically ingesting prey available in the habitat. The abundance of social insects allowed the presence of frogs specialized in ants, such as the bufonid <i>Rhinella ocellata</i> and the dendrobatid <i>Ameerega berohoka</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853539
title: Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat

description: Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853530.v1
title: Diet of terrestrial anurans in an ephemeral and simplified habitat during the dry season in the Brazilian Cerrado

description: Amphibians often use ephemeral and simplified habitats during dry seasons in tropical biomes. These simplified habitats can have less prey available, but only a few studies focus on how their use affects frogs’ diet. Here we studied the diet of three terrestrial frogs (<i>Adenomera</i> sp., <i>Ameerega berohoka</i>, and <i>Rhinella ocellata</i>) at a riverbank exposed only during the dry season in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Diets overlapped more than expected by chance and were composed mainly of social insects (ants and termites). Prey volumes were not related to the size of frogs or their head measurements. Frogs at the riverbank ingested less prey categories and fewer prey items in comparison to studies conducted in more stable and complex environments. We suggest that frogs were attracted to riverbanks by the humidity and availability of reproductive sites, opportunistically ingesting prey available in the habitat. The abundance of social insects allowed the presence of frogs specialized in ants, such as the bufonid <i>Rhinella ocellata</i> and the dendrobatid <i>Ameerega berohoka</i>.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4782292
title: Data for phased monte carlo paper

description: Data from phased Monte Carlo paper. Data provided here is enough to reproduce figures in paper.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4782291
title: Data for phased monte carlo paper

description: Data from phased Monte Carlo paper. Data provided here is enough to reproduce figures in paper.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14061215.v1
title: Estimating epidemiological and economic burden and community derived disability weights for snakebite in Kerala: A study protocol

description: The documents relate to informed consent, questionnaire, and VAS tool for administration for the epidemiological and economic burden study of snakebites in Kerala state.