DOI: 10.3886/icpsr38659.v1
title: Extending Bystander Intervention Prevention Models from College Campuses to the Workplace, United States, 2022
title: Version 1

description: In this exploratory study, the research team examined factors such as power dynamics and social identity that affect a bystander's (individuals who directly or indirectly witness harassment, discrimination, or another form of violence happening to someone else) decision to intervene in events of harassment and discrimination at their workplace. The specific objectives of this study were to: (1) Understand the environment in which workplace harassment and discrimination occurs by analyzing the frequencies of individual events by type and location; (2) Assess contextual variables influencing bystander decisions through analyses of bystander interpretations of the event of harassment/discrimination and motivations for inaction/action; and (3) Contextualize bystander responses by understanding how the workplace environment and the bystander's assessment of power and identities of those involved interplay. The project used a survey design with quantitative data collected from employed adults in the United States (n=1,484) via Qualtrics online survey.
description: The purpose of this project was to explore whether bystander intervention education models used to address interpersonal violence on college campuses can be modified to address workplace harassment.
description: Participants were recruited through the Qualtrics Panel service to complete a cross-sectional online survey. The survey was distributed in summer 2022. Upon survey completion, participants were compensated through a point/reward system used by Qualtrics.
description: Participants were asked if they had ever witnessed harassment and/or discrimination happening to another coworker in the past 12 months. For each type of incident, participants were asked to specify frequency of occurrence and where incidents took place (in-person, online, at a work-related event). Types of incidents included:

Disrespect
Disregard or being ignored
Hostility
Jokes at the victim's expense
Being sent offensive material
Unfair accusations of incompetence
Lower than deserved evaluations
Having promotion, networking, or mentorship opportunities withheld
Being subject to excessive monitoring
Given an unmanageable workload
Exclusion from activities
Having their work undermined or credit not attributed
Having their character unfairly questioned or judgment doubted
Participants were asked to consider one incident they witnessed over the past 12 months that impacted them the most and answered items on the type of incident that occurred, what they believed the victim's harassment/discrimination was based on, gender and work role of the transgressor, the participant's response, why they chose or did not choose to respond, and how the transgressor and victim each responded to the participant's intervention.
Demographic variables included age (year born), annual household income, race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and education level. Items specific to employment included employment arrangement (full-time, part-time, contract, internship), hourly or salary status, length of time working for current employer, industry, and job satisfaction.
description: Not applicable.
description: Response Rates: Not available.
description: Presence of Common Scales: Workplace Incivility Scale (Cortina et al., 2001), with supplemental items used in Cortina et al. (2013)
ARC3 Faculty/Staff Campus Climate Survey (ARC3, 2015)
Adaptations from the Michigan State University <em>Know More</em> campus climate survey
description: Inclusion criteria were U.S. residence, current employment, and being at least 18 years old. Individuals were excluded if they were unable to consent or to understand English. Sampling quotas were used to ensure a diverse sample by race/ethnicity and income level. The final sample was 1,484 participants, with 1,309 complete observations.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Extending Bystander Intervention Prevention Models from College Campuses to the Workplace, United States, 2022
description: Employed adults in the United States recruited via Qualtrics Research Panel Service. Smallest Geographic Unit: None
description: web-based surveyThis project was conducted in collaboration with the Rutgers Violence Against Women Research Consortium (VAWRC). For more information on the Consortium project, please visit the VAWRC website.