DOI: 10.3886/icpsr39315.v1
title: Providing Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Surveys to Track Mindsets and Their Impact in the Crisis, United States, 2020
title: Version 1

description: The aim of this study was to capture the longitudinal/cultural patterning and causal effects of four core mindsets that were expected to shape social, psychological, and physiological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a) mindsets about the capability of the body to fight off or recover from COVID-19 (Is my body capable or incapable of handling a disease like COVID-19?); b) mindsets about the social impact of individual health (How do my actions influence the health of others? Will improvements/declines in my personal health affect my family, my neighborhood, my country, the world?); c) mindsets about the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic (Is the pandemic a catastrophe, manageable, or an opportunity?); and d) mindsets about the nature of stress (Is stress enhancing or debilitating?). The research team aimed to explore these topics by (a) conducting a series of surveys to track mindsets and their causes and consequences for health as they change over time, (b) designing and disseminating interventions to shape more adaptive mindsets; and (c) collecting physiological measures of stress and immune functioning, a key mechanism linking mindsets with physical, mental, and social health.
description: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of four core mindsets in altering affect (worry/ stress, positive, negative), behavior (information seeking, social distancing, immune boosting, consumer purchases, etc.), cognition (expectations, perceptions, goals, attributions) and health (mental and physical) during the context of the COVID-19 outbreak while also broadly exploring the demographic and longitudinal patterning of such effects.
description: The research team collected a baseline sample during the first 10 days of the pandemic (starting the day the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic: Wednesday March 11, 2020) and then
tracked the sample longitudinally until March 28, 2022.
description: Presence of Common Scales: 
 Illness Mindset Inventory (Zion et al., 2020 in prep) - Adapted for communicable disease 
 Body Mindset Inventory (Zion et al., 2020 in prep) - Adapted for communicable disease 
 PROMIS Global Health & Wellbeing (Cella et al., 2010) (4 items) 
 Bodily Threat Inventory (BTI) (Heathcote et al., 2020 in prep) (4 items) 
 Social extension of Health Mindset (Louis et al., 2020 in prep) (3 items) 
 Feelings Thermometer (Lavrakas, 2008) - adapted (2 items) 
 Behavioral Health Stigma Measure (Tocmik, Hadzikadic, Tcheremissine, 2018)-adapted (1 item) 
 PANAS - shortened (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) (8 items) 
 Stress Mindset Measure (Crum, Salovey, & Achor, 2013) (2 items) 
 Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003) - shortened (5 items) 
 Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R) - Optimism (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) (2 items)
description: A detailed description of the sampling methods can be found in this publication:

Zion, S. R., Louis, K., Horii, R., Leibowitz, K., Heathcote, L. C., & Crum, A. J. (2022). Making sense of a pandemic: Mindsets influence emotions, behaviors, health, and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 301,114889.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114889
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Providing Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Surveys to Track Mindsets and Their Impact in the Crisis, United States, 2020
description: American adults living through the COVID-19 pandemic. Smallest Geographic Unit: State
description: web-based surveyThis release is a document-only release and files are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped for release. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed