DOI: 10.5061/dryad.612jm64dm
title: Data from: Divergence in vocalizations indicates cryptic speciation in Camptostoma tyrannulets

description: The tyrant flycatcher genus Camptostoma currently comprises two visually
 similar species: the Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet (C. imberbe), ranging
 from the southern United States to Costa Rica, and the Southern
 Beardless-Tyrannulet (C. obsoletum), found from Costa Rica to Uruguay.
 Vocal and genetic differences suggest that the Southern
 Beardless-Tyrannulet may include multiple species, but no analysis of
 acoustic trait variation has been conducted within the genus. We analyzed
 a geographically comprehensive sample of sound recordings to measure
 geographic variation in vocalizations across the genus, testing the
 hypothesis that the Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet includes multiple
 species. We find that Camptostoma comprises eight vocally distinct
 populations, two within the Northern and six within the Southern
 Beardless-Tyrannulet. These populations exhibit diagnostic differences in
 multiple different vocalizations, including vocalization types that are
 typically species-specific in the Tyrannidae. Their range limits and
 contact zones largely corresponded with known dispersal barriers,
 ecotones, and suture zones, with little evidence of gene flow between
 adjacent populations. Our results strongly suggest that Camptostoma
 comprises as many as eight vocally distinct biological species,
 underscoring the underestimated diversity of species in birds with
 conservative plumage evolution.
description: # Divergence in vocalizations indicates cryptic speciation in
 *Camptostoma* tyrannulets
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.612jm64dm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.612jm64dm) ## Description of the data This repository is associated with Lima, R. D. & Vaz, R. V. (2024). Divergence in vocalizations indicates cryptic speciation in *Camptostoma* tyrannulets. *Ornithology*. In Press. [https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukae058](https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukae058) It contains the data and scripts necessary to reproduce all analyses and figures in the paper. Descriptions of each file are provided below: #### File *camptostoma\_daysong\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains "daytime song" trait measurement data. Each row is a unique sample (i.e., one measured vocalization). Empty cells indicate unavailable data; for instance, a vocalization with only four notes will have empty cells for measurements pertaining to a fifth note, which is absent in this sample. ###### Variables * sample: Unique accession number for the sound recording used for measurement. * group: One of eight vocally distinct populations identified in the associated study. * country: Country of recording. * locality: Locality of recording. * latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees. * longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees. * dur.n*x*: duration of the nth note, in seconds (e.g., dur.n1 is the duration of the 1st note). * dur.i*x*: duration of the nth interval between notes, in seconds (e.g., dur.i1 is the duration of the 1st interval). * total.dur: total duration of the vocalization, in seconds. * n.notes: number of notes. * overall.pace: pace of the vocalization (notes per second). * mean.dur.note: mean note duration in the vocalization. * mean.dur.int: mean duration of intervals between notes in the vocalization. * freqamp.n*x*: frequency amplitude of the nth note, in hertz (e.g., freqamp.n1 is the frequency amplitude of the 1st note). * mean.freqamp: mean frequency amplitude in the vocalization. * peakfreq.n*x*: peak frequency of the nth note, in hertz (e.g., peakfreq.n1 is the peak frequency of the 1st note). * mean.peakfreq: mean peak frequency in the vocalization. #### File *camptostoma\_dawnsong\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains "dawn song" trait measurement data. The file's structure and variables are the same as described above for the file "*camptostoma_daysong_measurements.csv*." #### File *camptostoma\_commoncall\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains trait measurement data for the "common call". ###### Variables * sample: Accession number for the sound recording used for measurement. * variant.measured: One of five variants of the "common call" described in the paper, indicating which variant was measured in the sample concerned. * group: One of eight vocally distinct populations identified in the associated study. * country: Country of recording. * locality: Locality of recording. * latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees. * longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees. * dur: duration of the only note, in seconds. * freqamp: frequency amplitude of the only note, in hertz. * peakfreq: peak frequency of the only note, in hertz. #### File *camptostoma\_abruptcall\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains trait measurement data for the "abrupt call". ###### Variables * sample: Accession number for the sound recording used for measurement. * group: One of eight vocally distinct populations identified in the associated study. * country: Country of recording. * locality: Locality of recording. * latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees. * longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees. * dur: duration of the only note, in seconds. * freqamp: frequency amplitude of the only note, in hertz. * peakfreq: peak frequency of the only note, in hertz. #### File *camptostoma\_peeepeee\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains trait measurement data for the "peee-peee" variant of the "complex call". The file's structure and variables are the same as described above for the file "*camptostoma_daysong_measurements.csv*." #### File *camptostoma\_peeetrill\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains trait measurement data for the "peee-trill" variant of the "complex call". The file's structure and variables are the same as described above for the file "*camptostoma_daysong_measurements.csv*." #### File *camptostoma\_peeedit\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains trait measurement data for the "peee-dit" variant of the "complex call". The file's structure and variables are the same as described above for the file "*camptostoma_daysong_measurements.csv*." #### File *camptostoma\_trill\_measurements.csv* This comma-separated spreadsheet contains trait measurement data for the "trill call". The file's structure and variables are the same as described above for the file "*camptostoma_daysong_measurements.csv*." #### File *camptostoma\_altitude\_data.csv* Altitude data for all sound recordings used in the study, needed to reproduce Supplementary Material Figure S13. ###### Variables * sample: Accession numbers for sound recordings. * group: One of eight vocally distinct populations identified in the associated study. * latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees of where the recording was made. * longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees of where the recording was made. * altitude: Altitude in meters above sea level of where the recording was made. #### File *Camptostoma\_analysis.R* R code to reproduce all analyses and figures.