DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5pt92
title: Data from: Snapshot Serengeti, high-frequency annotated camera trap images of 40 mammalian species in an African savanna

description: Camera traps can be used to address large-scale questions in community
 ecology by providing systematic data on an array of wide-ranging species.
 We deployed 225 camera traps across 1,125 km2 in Serengeti National Park,
 Tanzania, to evaluate spatial and temporal inter-species dynamics. The
 cameras have operated continuously since 2010 and had accumulated 99,241
 camera-trap days and produced 1.2 million sets of pictures by 2013.
 Members of the general public classified the images via the
 citizen-science website www.snapshotserengeti.org. Multiple users viewed
 each image and recorded the species, number of individuals, associated
 behaviours, and presence of young. Over 28,000 registered users
 contributed 10.8 million classifications. We applied a simple algorithm to
 aggregate these individual classifications into a final ‘consensus’
 dataset, yielding a final classification for each image and a measure of
 agreement among individual answers. The consensus classifications and raw
 imagery provide an unparalleled opportunity to investigate multi-species
 dynamics in an intact ecosystem and a valuable resource for
 machine-learning and computer-vision research.
description: Gold Standard
 DataExpert classifications
 for 4,149 image sets. Unlike Snapshot Serengeti volunteers, experts were
 allowed to indicate if a capture event was impossible to identify. Fields
 are as follows: CaptureEventID: Same indicator as in the raw and reduced
 classification data; NumSpecies: The number of species in this capture
 event; Species: One of the 48 possibilities or “impossible"; Count:
 Number of individuals, estimated as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11-50
 or 51+.gold_standard_data.csvOperation DatesThe dates that each camera was active and functioning properly, extracted from the image EXIF data as the first and last dates of valid photographs on a given SD card. Valid photographs are defined as those taken while the camera was secured on the tree pointing outwards (in contrast to photos taken after a camera was torn down and facing the ground).search_effort.csvConsensus classifications and metadataWe applied the plurality algorithm (described in the manuscript) to the raw classification data to produce a single classification per capture event, accompanied by measures of uncertainty and difficulty. Each species classified in a single capture event receives its own record and species-specific measures of uncertainty. Metadata (data/time & location) are included to facilitate ecological analyses. This dataset excludes all images retired as “blank.”consensus_data.csvImagesURL information for retrieving each image; 1 record per image. All images in this data descriptor can be accessed at https://snapshotserengeti.s3.msi.umn.edu/ by appending the URL_Info field. For example, appending the value ‘S1/B04/B04_R1/S1_B04_R1_PICT0012.JPG’ yields the full URL: https://snapshotserengeti.s3.msi.umn.edu/S1/B04/B04_R1/S1_B04_R1_PICT0012.JPG. Pasting this value into a browser will display the image in the browser.all_images.csvRaw classification dataRaw classification dataset; 1 record per unique user, capture event, and species. Includes images retired as “Blank” and “Blank_consensus.”raw_data_for_dryad.csv.zip