cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5720257.v1
title: Effects of a heat wave on short-time acclimatization during experiments supported by a climate chamber

description: Abstract Studies on human thermal comfort in open areas are relevant for climate-responsive urban design, as they are closely connected with the quality of life in urban areas. Considering the increasing frequency of heat waves in such areas, their effect on thermal perception of urbanites should be evaluated. This study analysed the effects of short-term acclimatisation on the thermal perception of individuals in open spaces during heat-wave episodes. Steady-state conditions were ensured by a prolonged stay of participants (N=16) in a test chamber prior to the subjects' exposure to the outdoors, in Karlsruhe, Germany. Questionnaire wer administered as regards thermal sensation and preference at three time stamps: a) immediately after leaving the chamber, b) 15 minutes and c) 30 minutes after that. We evaluated acclimatisation effects on the subjects' thermal perception against predictions of the outdoor thermal conditions in terms of UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) and the derived DTS (Dynamic Thermal Sensation). The results showed that, although outdoor conditions remained unchanged throughout the 30-min exposure time, the subjects' thermal perception votes differed slightly with time of exposure, albeit with no statistical significance. Acclimatisation to heat wave leads to enhanced heat tolerance just after it, with acclimatisation loss in the subsequent session.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5720257
title: Effects of a heat wave on short-time acclimatization during experiments supported by a climate chamber

description: Abstract Studies on human thermal comfort in open areas are relevant for climate-responsive urban design, as they are closely connected with the quality of life in urban areas. Considering the increasing frequency of heat waves in such areas, their effect on thermal perception of urbanites should be evaluated. This study analysed the effects of short-term acclimatisation on the thermal perception of individuals in open spaces during heat-wave episodes. Steady-state conditions were ensured by a prolonged stay of participants (N=16) in a test chamber prior to the subjects' exposure to the outdoors, in Karlsruhe, Germany. Questionnaire wer administered as regards thermal sensation and preference at three time stamps: a) immediately after leaving the chamber, b) 15 minutes and c) 30 minutes after that. We evaluated acclimatisation effects on the subjects' thermal perception against predictions of the outdoor thermal conditions in terms of UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) and the derived DTS (Dynamic Thermal Sensation). The results showed that, although outdoor conditions remained unchanged throughout the 30-min exposure time, the subjects' thermal perception votes differed slightly with time of exposure, albeit with no statistical significance. Acclimatisation to heat wave leads to enhanced heat tolerance just after it, with acclimatisation loss in the subsequent session.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719255
title: Thermal efficiency of roof tiles

description: Abstract The correct specification of roofing materials can contribute both to the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings and to the mitigation of the urban heat island effect. However, the lack of characterisation of the thermal properties of these materials is still the rule. This research study investigates solar reflectance in three different types of roof tiles: enamelled ceramic tiles, rustic tiles and concrete tiles, with samples in different colours. The solar reflectance of the samples was measured using the ALTA II portable spectrometer, and, subsequently, the solar reflectance index (SRI), based on the ASTM E1980 standard was calculated. The results showed that colour variability had a direct impact on the tiles' performance regarding solar reflectance (enamelled ceramics from 0.11 to 0.67, concrete 0.1 to 0.37, rustic ceramics from 0.25 to 0.47). The concrete tiles presented a lower solar reflectance index (39%). The lighter colours showed to be more efficient, presenting higher solar reflectance values. However, the diversity of light tones led to variations in solar reflectance (0.67, 0.37, 0.47, enamelled, concrete and rustic, respectively). The results of this study point to the importance of analysing the solar reflectance of roofing materials and the need for their correct specification in buildings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719255.v1
title: Thermal efficiency of roof tiles

description: Abstract The correct specification of roofing materials can contribute both to the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings and to the mitigation of the urban heat island effect. However, the lack of characterisation of the thermal properties of these materials is still the rule. This research study investigates solar reflectance in three different types of roof tiles: enamelled ceramic tiles, rustic tiles and concrete tiles, with samples in different colours. The solar reflectance of the samples was measured using the ALTA II portable spectrometer, and, subsequently, the solar reflectance index (SRI), based on the ASTM E1980 standard was calculated. The results showed that colour variability had a direct impact on the tiles' performance regarding solar reflectance (enamelled ceramics from 0.11 to 0.67, concrete 0.1 to 0.37, rustic ceramics from 0.25 to 0.47). The concrete tiles presented a lower solar reflectance index (39%). The lighter colours showed to be more efficient, presenting higher solar reflectance values. However, the diversity of light tones led to variations in solar reflectance (0.67, 0.37, 0.47, enamelled, concrete and rustic, respectively). The results of this study point to the importance of analysing the solar reflectance of roofing materials and the need for their correct specification in buildings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719486
title: Vertical housing: an evaluation of the spatial and environmental quality of apartment buildings

description: Abstract The significant growth in the production of apartment buildings in recent years in Brazil has led to the need to analyse the quality of the residential units and of the housing projects that have been built. Hence, this paper presents the main results of the research study entitled "Vertical housing: an evaluation of the spatial and environmental quality of apartment buildings", which has investigated the quality of multi-family housing projects aimed at the middle-class segment and built in the Brazilian mid-sized cities of Uberlândia, MG, and Ribeirão Preto, SP. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the research study and its methodology, and presents results that focus on issues related to the functional and environmental quality of housing - derived from the application of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) tools in four case studies. These results point to the failure of basic parameters of functionality in the designs of the buildings that resulted from the reduction in apartment sizes, an excessive compartmentalization of spaces and an unplanned overlap of uses. The results also indicate an incipient incorporation of sustainability strategies in buildings, in addition to a low level of environmental awareness among their residents. Hence, we conclude that databases based on POE can be used to guide the design process in order to support the improvement of design quality in building production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719486.v1
title: Vertical housing: an evaluation of the spatial and environmental quality of apartment buildings

description: Abstract The significant growth in the production of apartment buildings in recent years in Brazil has led to the need to analyse the quality of the residential units and of the housing projects that have been built. Hence, this paper presents the main results of the research study entitled "Vertical housing: an evaluation of the spatial and environmental quality of apartment buildings", which has investigated the quality of multi-family housing projects aimed at the middle-class segment and built in the Brazilian mid-sized cities of Uberlândia, MG, and Ribeirão Preto, SP. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the research study and its methodology, and presents results that focus on issues related to the functional and environmental quality of housing - derived from the application of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) tools in four case studies. These results point to the failure of basic parameters of functionality in the designs of the buildings that resulted from the reduction in apartment sizes, an excessive compartmentalization of spaces and an unplanned overlap of uses. The results also indicate an incipient incorporation of sustainability strategies in buildings, in addition to a low level of environmental awareness among their residents. Hence, we conclude that databases based on POE can be used to guide the design process in order to support the improvement of design quality in building production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719051
title: The environment, landscape, modern architecture and urban design in a pioneering work of modern Brazilian architecture in the south: Refap/Petrobras - 1962/1968

description: Abstract This paper discusses one of the fundamental works of Brazilian modern architecture in the south of Brazil. As well as using pioneering constructive systems in Brazilian construction industry, this work shows links between urban strategies and the environment, modern pavilions and the landscape, which up until that moment were rare in industrial installations anywhere in the world. The designs of Equipe de Arquitetos, formed by Carlos Maximiliano Fayet, Claudio L. G. Araújo, Moacyr Moojen Marques and Miguel Alves Pereira, for the Alberto Pasqualini Refinery in Canoas, RS, Brazil, and for the Almirante Soares Dutra Terminal of Petrobras, in Osório, RS, Brazil, also relate spatial systems and the progressive motivations of the Modern Movement, which regional version reveals peculiarities- when compared to the center of the country - which have been undervalued.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719051.v1
title: The environment, landscape, modern architecture and urban design in a pioneering work of modern Brazilian architecture in the south: Refap/Petrobras - 1962/1968

description: Abstract This paper discusses one of the fundamental works of Brazilian modern architecture in the south of Brazil. As well as using pioneering constructive systems in Brazilian construction industry, this work shows links between urban strategies and the environment, modern pavilions and the landscape, which up until that moment were rare in industrial installations anywhere in the world. The designs of Equipe de Arquitetos, formed by Carlos Maximiliano Fayet, Claudio L. G. Araújo, Moacyr Moojen Marques and Miguel Alves Pereira, for the Alberto Pasqualini Refinery in Canoas, RS, Brazil, and for the Almirante Soares Dutra Terminal of Petrobras, in Osório, RS, Brazil, also relate spatial systems and the progressive motivations of the Modern Movement, which regional version reveals peculiarities- when compared to the center of the country - which have been undervalued.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20026956
title: Drying parameters of rendering mortars

description: Abstract The objective of this article was to study the drying behavior of rendering mortars. Cement-lime mortars with different mix proportions were evaluatedto analyze the influence of mix materials on water transport. The experimental program was produced to observe the transport of liquid water and vapor water in mortars during the drying process. The liquid water transport was studied through capillary absorption and the water vapor transport by the water vapor permeability test. The drying curves used to investigate drying kinetics were obtained according to the methodology recommended by European standard EN 16322. In summary, it is possible to affirm that the aggregate, the binder and water contents determine the behavior of the mortars regarding water transport. The drying index is considered a good indicator of the easiness of both liquid and vapor water transport.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20026956.v1
title: Drying parameters of rendering mortars

description: Abstract The objective of this article was to study the drying behavior of rendering mortars. Cement-lime mortars with different mix proportions were evaluatedto analyze the influence of mix materials on water transport. The experimental program was produced to observe the transport of liquid water and vapor water in mortars during the drying process. The liquid water transport was studied through capillary absorption and the water vapor transport by the water vapor permeability test. The drying curves used to investigate drying kinetics were obtained according to the methodology recommended by European standard EN 16322. In summary, it is possible to affirm that the aggregate, the binder and water contents determine the behavior of the mortars regarding water transport. The drying index is considered a good indicator of the easiness of both liquid and vapor water transport.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448412
title: Study of the influence of the mortar fine recycled aggregate ratio and the mixing sequence on the behavior of new mortars

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of mortars by replacing a natural fine aggregate (NFA) with mortar fine recycled aggregate (MFRA), with dimensions of less than 2.4mm. In addition, the influence of the mixing sequence over the performance of these mortars was analyzed. For this purpose, the replacement contents, by weight, of 20% and 40%, and two mixing sequences were adopted: the sequence of the Brazilian Standard, NBR 7215 (ABNT, 1996) and an adaptation for mortars (MDE, in Portuguese, Mistura em Duas Etapas) of the Two-Stage Mixing Approach (TSMA), proposed by Tam, Gao and Tam (2005) for recycled concrete. The mortars were produced with cement CPV-ARI, using a mixing proportion of 1.0:5.0 (cement:aggregate, by weight) and a constant water/cement rate of 0.88. To analyze the behavior of the recycled mortars, they were tested in the fresh state and in the hardened state. The study concluded that the partial replacement of the NFA with the MFRA improved some properties of the recycled mortars: the air entrained content and the water absorption rate by capillarity decreased, and the mechanical performance increased. Regarding the influence of the mixing sequence, the adoption of the MDE promoted a better behavior on the mortar properties evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448412.v1
title: Study of the influence of the mortar fine recycled aggregate ratio and the mixing sequence on the behavior of new mortars

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of mortars by replacing a natural fine aggregate (NFA) with mortar fine recycled aggregate (MFRA), with dimensions of less than 2.4mm. In addition, the influence of the mixing sequence over the performance of these mortars was analyzed. For this purpose, the replacement contents, by weight, of 20% and 40%, and two mixing sequences were adopted: the sequence of the Brazilian Standard, NBR 7215 (ABNT, 1996) and an adaptation for mortars (MDE, in Portuguese, Mistura em Duas Etapas) of the Two-Stage Mixing Approach (TSMA), proposed by Tam, Gao and Tam (2005) for recycled concrete. The mortars were produced with cement CPV-ARI, using a mixing proportion of 1.0:5.0 (cement:aggregate, by weight) and a constant water/cement rate of 0.88. To analyze the behavior of the recycled mortars, they were tested in the fresh state and in the hardened state. The study concluded that the partial replacement of the NFA with the MFRA improved some properties of the recycled mortars: the air entrained content and the water absorption rate by capillarity decreased, and the mechanical performance increased. Regarding the influence of the mixing sequence, the adoption of the MDE promoted a better behavior on the mortar properties evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448229
title: Influence of cement type and water content on the fresh state properties of ready mix mortar

description: Abstract The main characteristic of ready mix mortar is to remain workable for up to 72hours after mixing. This greater duration of workability is obtained by use of hydration stabilizing admixtures and air-entrained admixtures. Thus, the behavior of this mortar depends on the compatibility between Portland cement and these two admixtures. Within this context, the objective of this article is to evaluate the influence of Portland cement type and water content on the properties of ready mix mortars in fresh state. Three types of Portland cement and four water/dry material ratios were evaluated. The produced mortars were analyzed with respect to their properties in fresh state: consistency index, specific gravity, air entrained content and rheological behavior by squeeze-flow. The properties were determined for three storage durations (0, 24 and 48 hours). The results show that both types of cement (mainly, the rheological behavior) and water content (mainly, the air entrained content, consistency and rheological behavior) influenced the ready mix mortar properties. Therefore, these two parameters must be evaluated for mortar dosages in order to obtain the required properties in fresh state.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448328
title: Influence of production systems on the properties of fresh and hardened shotcrete

description: Abstract In modern shotcrete operations, the mixing and pumping steps are carried out using different production systems and equipment. This adds an element of uncertainty to the process because of variables such as mixer type, rotation speed, mixing time, etc. As a result, this may result in changes to the characteristics and properties of both fresh and hardened sprayed mortar and may ultimately impair the performance of the rendering material. This study assesses the influence of production systems, particularly the mixing process, on the properties of fresh and hardened sprayed mortar. The methods used comprehend the collection and testing of mortar samples produced in wet-mix and dry-mix shotcrete systems, as well as a pre-packaged mortar batched and mixed in a laboratory mixer under controlled conditions according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison of means using Fisher’s method. A statistically significant difference was observed in the flow table index, water retention, flexural strength and capillarity coefficient of the mortars produced using wet- and dry-mix systems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448328.v1
title: Influence of production systems on the properties of fresh and hardened shotcrete

description: Abstract In modern shotcrete operations, the mixing and pumping steps are carried out using different production systems and equipment. This adds an element of uncertainty to the process because of variables such as mixer type, rotation speed, mixing time, etc. As a result, this may result in changes to the characteristics and properties of both fresh and hardened sprayed mortar and may ultimately impair the performance of the rendering material. This study assesses the influence of production systems, particularly the mixing process, on the properties of fresh and hardened sprayed mortar. The methods used comprehend the collection and testing of mortar samples produced in wet-mix and dry-mix shotcrete systems, as well as a pre-packaged mortar batched and mixed in a laboratory mixer under controlled conditions according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison of means using Fisher’s method. A statistically significant difference was observed in the flow table index, water retention, flexural strength and capillarity coefficient of the mortars produced using wet- and dry-mix systems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448499
title: Statistical analysis of test methods to evaluate rendering surface properties

description: Abstract The objective of this study is to discuss the results of two test methods used to evaluate rendering surface properties: the superficial tensile strength (STS) and the pendulum rebound hammer (which provides the rebound index - RI), besides evaluating, additionally, the tensile bond strength (BS). The studied variables were the type of mortar (job-site mortar and dry-mix mortar) and the render moisture at the time of testing (in four contents). For each test, a minimum of 45 determinations was planned per analyzed situation, totaling 1411 valid results, which allowed a consistent statistical analysis and an in-depth discussion of the methods. The STS and RI tests were sensitive at a 95% confidence level to differentiate mortars from different strengths and were therefore approved for this evaluation. The most significant effect in all statistical models tested was the type of mortar. The variable moisture condition of the render was significant only for the results of STS and BS. In such cases, tests performed with wet or saturated renders presented much lower strength results compared to those carried out with air- dried renders. It was possible to obtain a significant correlation between STS and BS, with a high coefficient of determination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448499.v1
title: Statistical analysis of test methods to evaluate rendering surface properties

description: Abstract The objective of this study is to discuss the results of two test methods used to evaluate rendering surface properties: the superficial tensile strength (STS) and the pendulum rebound hammer (which provides the rebound index - RI), besides evaluating, additionally, the tensile bond strength (BS). The studied variables were the type of mortar (job-site mortar and dry-mix mortar) and the render moisture at the time of testing (in four contents). For each test, a minimum of 45 determinations was planned per analyzed situation, totaling 1411 valid results, which allowed a consistent statistical analysis and an in-depth discussion of the methods. The STS and RI tests were sensitive at a 95% confidence level to differentiate mortars from different strengths and were therefore approved for this evaluation. The most significant effect in all statistical models tested was the type of mortar. The variable moisture condition of the render was significant only for the results of STS and BS. In such cases, tests performed with wet or saturated renders presented much lower strength results compared to those carried out with air- dried renders. It was possible to obtain a significant correlation between STS and BS, with a high coefficient of determination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6448220
title: Perception of soundscape in the dam park at São José do Rio Preto, SP

description: Abstract This study investigates the soundscape by identifying relationships between the features of users' surroundings and their perception of the sound environment at the Dam Park in São José do Rio Preto, SP. Within a radius of 25 meters around some sample points at the park, urban attributes were identified (Sky View Factor -SVF, High Vegetation Percentage and Ground Vegetation Percentage). Measurements of equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (LAeq,T) and by 1/3 octave analysis (Leq, (f Hz)) were taken and sound descriptors (LA10, LA50, LA90) were identified. Questionnaires were applied to obtain the users' profile (gender, age, education, occupation) as well as sound pressure level perception, noise annoyance and evaluation of sound comfort. The results showed differences between users' expectations and objectives according to the days when they used the park. Furthermore, a relationship was observed between measured and perceived sound levels, although the annoyance level does not follow that same relationship. Finally, the results showed that a reduction of the sound pressure level for some frequencies is related to increasing the percentage of ground vegetation.