cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16870855
title: Replication Package for a Study of Software Refactorings in Real-World Open-Source Java Projects

description: This replication package accompanies a study on real-world refactorings in Java open-source projects. It contains:





A list of predefined keywords, borrowed from previous studies, used for commit message comparison.




A dataset of commits containing refactorings mined from six popular open-source Java applications: SpringFramework, Elasticsearch, Kafka, Hadoop, Tomcat, and JUnit4.




A consolidated taxonomy of refactorings discovered across these projects.



The file keywords.csv lists the predefined keywords used for commit message filtering. The file master_replication_file.csv contains the refactoring-related commits, their associated refactoring types, and context-specific indicators. The file taxonomy.csv classifies the refactorings by edit type and specificity.

The package is intended to support reproducibility and facilitate further research on refactoring detection, categorization, and tool support. Instructions for reproducing the results—such as cloning the repositories and inspecting the commits—are included in the README file. Each commit can be accessed using the command git show <commit-hash> from the appropriate project folder.
DOI: 10.3535/al0-3t9-cfb
title: Vanikoro Quoy & Gaimard, 1832

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xlr-4hs-rdl
title: Cymatium ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1ae-j20-b06
title: Alvania punctura (Montagu, 1803)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0py-0sh-8d1
title: Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yla-9tl-sy3
title: Bistolida hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/b21-vg4-n2a
title: Terebralia sulcata (Born, 1778)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vam-469-9qc
title: Esperiana esperi (A. Férussac, 1823)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/094-mjw-r4y
title: Eulimidae R. A. Philippi, 1853

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3ms-4sk-913
title: Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fxe-3fm-lzg
title: Cerithideopsis montagnei (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g4l-hlw-8n9
title: Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nqx-m3s-jr2
title: Pirenella alata (R. A. Philippi, 1849)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kql-aqa-lfg
title: Euspira guilleminii (Payraudeau, 1826)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xaa-hrd-rw6
title: Barleeia unifasciata (Montagu, 1803)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/eje-rnc-ehj
title: Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yyt-gcx-qwp
title: Vanikoro Quoy & Gaimard, 1832

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/plg-2jp-atf
title: Manzonia crassa (Kanmacher, 1798)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xyc-dsx-zq9
title: Palmadusta ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ayz-g49-bg8
title: Turritellidae Lovén, 1847

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/h95-hsq-dr2
title: Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/9f0-ank-xl3
title: Bufonaria crumena (Lamarck, 1816)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fkn-83p-90n
title: Cerithium scabridum R. A. Philippi, 1848

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/rfk-bjw-qz9
title: Caecum clarkii P. P. Carpenter, 1859

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/t6b-4n7-y22
title: Paludomus stephanus (W. H. Benson, 1836)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.25625/p3o0nn
title: Meta data for "The evolution of between-sex bonds in primates"

description: Meta data for a conceptual paper on the evolution of close affiliative relationships between opposite-sex adults non-human primates. The paper has no empirical data.
DOI: 10.3535/y60-467-szj
title: Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hn7-e6m-0yt
title: Cerithium lividulum Risso, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ms7-v60-ag2
title: Opalia crenata (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kzf-yxa-y6d
title: Cerithium lividulum Risso, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/w5s-kb8-fzp
title: Crossata ventricosa (Broderip, 1833)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7fz-1br-e0w
title: Ranellidae Gray, 1854

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ngb-xgr-85a
title: Bistolida stolida (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/sjx-7an-kc1
title: Calyptraea Lamarck, 1799

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2nd-a98-smn
title: Mauritia arabica (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/we6-mwx-rkv
title: Truncatella marginata Küster, 1855

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wdn-blk-nfn
title: Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wzd-epv-rv0
title: Clypeomorus subbrevicula (Oostingh, 1925)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fe2-vjh-e8e
title: Cerithidea obtusa (Lamarck, 1822)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5nw-wpq-9bd
title: Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/tb8-efq-mw2
title: Luria lurida pulchroides (Alvarado & J. Álvarez, 1964)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1ee-cgy-ceq
title: Bolinus brandaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/4x4-9tl-4cr
title: Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2sl-nbk-77s
title: Planaxis sulcatus (Born, 1778)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fd1-6at-tw2
title: Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xhz-s92-ldf
title: Brotia sumatrensis (Brot, 1875)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bkq-q52-sl2
title: Murex Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p0s-3g6-cc5
title: Lyncina lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3bs-t40-a4x
title: Talassia Warén & Bouchet, 1988

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1qw-8v4-r6p
title: Ministrombus minimus (Linnaeus, 1771)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dag-ekf-te5
title: Alvania cimex (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hc8-f5y-h5m
title: Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/s6r-cby-z30
title: Notocypraea angustata (Gmelin, 1791)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/33n-zq1-sv7
title: Conomurex luhuanus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fm9-n4d-avz
title: Metaxia metaxa (Delle Chiaje, 1828)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/464-lgj-ded
title: Crisilla semistriata (Montagu, 1808)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xfe-mr7-1c9
title: Cerithiidae J. Fleming, 1822

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/z3h-v0f-b3w
title: Hexaplex stainforthi (Reeve, 1843)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kqa-6vq-n0y
title: Monophorus verdensis F. Fernandes & Rolán, 1988

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/64e-h0e-562
title: Melanella alba (da Costa, 1778)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/l4r-ee3-92x
title: Clypeomorus bifasciata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/kdw-x31-4v7
title: Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ygg-4rd-pn4
title: Colus Röding, 1798

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v4eax7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 230 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Cypripedium tibeticum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 230 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006441-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/z5y-rvy-az1
title: Distorsio constricta constricta (Broderip, 1833)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/elv-n3y-ll1
title: Alvania auberiana (A. d'Orbigny, 1842)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pnn-83d-ht7
title: Cypraeovula capensis (J. E. Gray, 1828)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ez8-clb-5df
title: Crucibulum auricula (Gmelin, 1791)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/lz0-l9e-tg7
title: Erronea errones (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/aqk-vc9-kjw
title: Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y6q-yb1-sb0
title: Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2m1-x82-by1
title: Arestorides argus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5dr-2wc-1gk
title: Mauritia histrio (Gmelin, 1791)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mhg-z1j-d0l
title: Eatonina martae Rolán & Templado, 1993

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/312-vzj-ybv
title: Mieniplotia scabra (O. F. Müller, 1774)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/w2l-vac-ysw
title: Mauritia arabica (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5kv-h2x-t32
title: Naria spurca (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vrq-e4t-zjs
title: Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.17026/ls/g91ilt
title: RENEW
title: meeR gEpast gebruik met beter lateN in dE Wijk

description: We willen dat iedereen in Nederland zorg krijgt waarvan we weten dat deze meerwaarde heeft (gepaste zorg). Er wordt echter ook nog zorg geleverd die geen meerwaarde heeft en dus onnodig of ongepast is. Dit soort zorg veroorzaakt schade en verspilt beperkte tijd en middelen. Het verminderen ervan is daarom belangrijk voor veiligere en duurzamere zorg.
description: Castor EDC
description: IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, 25.0
DOI: 10.3535/5b2-wta-7qg
title: Planaxidae J. E. Gray, 1850

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g8l-5xw-a5y
title: Dikoleps cutleriana (W. Clark, 1849)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/79g-j9b-jgs
title: Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/s8v-k7y-82q
title: Cerithidea Swainson, 1840

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xqs-va1-rpg
title: Thiara herklotzi (Petit de la Saussaye, 1853)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5q7-yan-8ra
title: Epitonium foliaceicosta (A. d'Orbigny, 1842)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7yp-9cw-4v5
title: Sulcospira Troschel, 1858

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/4wd-2b9-z7q
title: Triphoridae J. E. Gray, 1847

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/6r5-f7j-s8t
title: Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dck-fwg-46b
title: Murex trapa Röding, 1798

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/503-y5p-7rf
title: Pyrazus ebeninus (Bruguière, 1792)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5pk-gqe-msj
title: Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/6e0-1ef-ttn
title: Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/046-4e0-ms1
title: Crucibulum Schumacher, 1817

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bha-srh-hjt
title: Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p4f-j5d-tef
title: Monetaria caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hwf-ce4-81t
title: Euprotomus aurisdianae (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/tsc-g06-hve
title: Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g30-a1w-sjy
title: Marshallora adversa (Montagu, 1803)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mcy-s7c-evj
title: Cerithiopsis Forbes & Hanley, 1850

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bev-ae3-nrr
title: Jujubinus striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vtf-ae2-5qh
title: Supplanaxis planicostatus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/53a-zs3-9pq
title: Phalium bandatum (Perry, 1811)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7l2-7wt-cp6
title: Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b66jwm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2621 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "Month is September",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Salmo, Salvelinus)",
 "Year 2010-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2621 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000955-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.395bcs
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 131 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Catostomus fumeiventris",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 131 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000952-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.34472.78083
title: Ultrasound Liver Tumor Datasets + Segmentations
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g6wyxg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Podocarpus macrophyllus",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008664-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.c5zfmu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 184 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Podocarpus macrophyllus",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 184 records from 41 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008665-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0172092.10fu
title: SH0172092.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0172093.10fu
title: SH0172093.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.