cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.612jm646z
title: Cognitive development among children in a low-income setting: cost-effectiveness analysis of a maternal nutrition education intervention in rural Uganda

description: Inadequate nutrition and insufficient stimulation in early childhood can
 lead to long-term deficits in cognitive and social development. Evidence
 for policy and decision-making regarding the cost of delivering nutrition
 education is lacking in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). In rural
 Uganda, we conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining
 the effect of a maternal nutrition education intervention on developmental
 outcomes among children aged 6–8 months. This intervention led to
 significantly improved cognitive scores when the children reached the age
 of 20–24 months. When considering the potential for this intervention’s
 future implementation, the desired effects should be weighed against the
 increased costs. This study therefore aimed to assess the
 cost-effectiveness of this education intervention compared with current
 practice. Health outcome data were based on the RCT. Cost data were
 collected via interviews with researchers involved in processing the
 intervention. This study considered a healthcare provider perspective for
 an 18-month time horizon. The control group was considered as the current
 practice for the future large-scale implementation of this intervention. A
 cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, including calculations of
 incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). In addition, uncertainty in
 the results was characterized using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity
 analyses. The ICER for the education intervention compared with current
 practice was USD ($) 16.50 per cognitive composite score gained, with an
 incremental cost of $265.79 and an incremental cognitive composite score
 of 16.11. The sensitivity analyses indicated the robustness of these
 results. The ICER was sensitive to changes in cognitive composite score
 and the cost of personnel, but the education intervention can be
 considered cost-effective compared with the current practice. The outcome
 of this study, including the cost analysis, health outcome,
 cost-effectiveness, and sensitivity analysis, can be useful to inform
 policymakers and stakeholders about effective resource allocation
 processes in Uganda and possibly other LMIC.
description: Data was obtained from a randomized controlled education trial
 performed among mothers of small children residing in rural Uganda.  The
 trial is described in Muhoozi et al Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(2):
 e12527. We then applied a
 cost-effectiveness analysis, including calculations of incremental
 cost-effectiveness ratios. In addition, uncertainty in the results was
 characterized using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity
 analyses. Stata/SE version 15.1 was used for statistical analyses.
 Microsoft Excel was used to perform the cost-effectiveness
 analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2g2g
title: Data for: From individual behaviors to collective outcomes: fruiting body formation in Dictyostelium as a group-level phenotype

description: Collective phenotypes, which arise from the interactions among
 individuals, can be important for the evolution of higher levels of
 biological organization. However, how a group’s composition determines its
 collective phenotype remains poorly understood. When starved, cells of the
 social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum cooperate to build a multicellular
 fruiting body, and the morphology of the fruiting body is likely
 advantageous to the surviving spores. We assessed how the number of
 strains, as well as their genetic and geographic relationships to one
 another, impact the group’s morphology and productivity. We find that some
 strains consistently enhance or detract from the productivity of their
 groups, regardless of the identity of the other group members. We also
 detect extensive pairwise and higher-order genotype interactions, which
 collectively have a large influence on the group phenotype. Whereas
 previous work in Dictyostelium has focused almost exclusively on whether
 spore production is equitable when strains cooperate to form multicellular
 fruiting bodies, our results suggest a previously unrecognized impact of
 chimeric co-development on the group phenotype. Our results demonstrate
 how interactions among members of a group influence collective phenotypes
 and how group phenotypes might in turn impact selection on the individual.
description: This dataset consists of measures of fruiting body morphology
 (fruiting body height, sorus diameter), the number of fruiting bodies, and
 the number of spores produced when mixes of one to six strains of
 <em>Dictyostelium</em> <em>discoideum</em> are
 co-developed. Included in the data package are the fruiting body images,
 data tables containing the results of image analysis and spore counts, and
 scripts for analysis.
description: Scripts consist of R markdown files.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18402074
title: Abwassersurveillance AMELAG

description: Im Datensatz "Abwassersurveillance AMELAG" des Robert Koch-Instituts und Umweltbundesamts werden Daten aus der Überwachung von Infektionserregern im Abwasser bereitgestellt. Die Daten zur SARS-CoV-2-Viruslast werden seit Februar 2022 in einem bundesweiten Netzwerk von Kläranlagen, Laboren und Behörden erhoben. Seitdem wurden die Daten um die Viruslast weiterer respiratorischer Viren (Influenza A/B, RSV) ergänzt. Der Datensatz enthält neben Einzelwerten der Kläranlagen auch bevölkerungsgewichtete, aggregierte Zeitreihen. Darüber hinaus werden Auswertungsskripte als Kontextmaterialien bereitgestellt.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zn8a9u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 61 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 "GadmGid is BRA.13_1",
 "TaxonKey is Melanoxylon brauna"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 61 records from 25 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003328-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z8w9ghxgh
title: Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina Coyote recursive GPS data

description: Coyotes (Canis latrans) colonized the southeastern United States over the
 last century as large predators, including the red wolf (Canis rufus) and
 eastern cougar (Puma concolor), were extirpated from the region. As a
 generalist carnivore, the coyote preys on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
 virginianus) and various smaller mammals, birds, and vegetation. While
 resource selection by coyotes has been well documented at the home-range
 scale, little is known about their foraging behavior, which is an
 important factor in thoroughly understanding influences of coyotes on prey
 and sympatric carnivores. We assessed 3rd-order resource selection of
 coyotes at sites across Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina during
 2015-2016. Using GPS collars, we tracked 41 resident coyotes across 4
 calendar seasons and identified suspected foraging areas using recursive
 analysis where individuals repeatedly returned to known locations. We
 found that resident coyotes selected for open landcover types throughout
 the year, while avoiding primary and secondary roads. Additionally,
 resident coyotes avoided forested landcover types while selecting for
 forest edges except from April to June when they foraged within interior
 forest away from edges. Previous studies have documented substantive
 predation rates on white-tailed deer neonates by coyotes, and that fawn
 mortality may increase in forested landscapes away from forest edge. Our
 findings indicate that foraging coyotes may select forest cover types
 during spring where fawns are more vulnerable to predation. Additionally,
 there has been debate in the literature as to how coyotes obtain
 consistent levels of deer in their diets outside of fawning and fall
 hunting seasons. Our study indicates that use of road-kill carcasses by
 coyotes was an unlikely explanation for the presence of deer in coyote
 diets throughout the year, as coyotes in our study were not observed using
 roads during foraging excursions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmt1
title: Remating opportunities and low costs underlie maternal desertion

description: Parental care can enhance offspring survival but may impose significant
 costs to parents. The costs and benefits of care are key to understanding
 patterns of parental care, where parents can benefit by having their
 partner increase investment in care, while reducing their own effort.
 However, investigating the costs and benefits of parental care in wild
 populations is challenging. Here we use highly detailed behavioural
 observations in families of a small shorebird, where one parent frequently
 deserts its offspring, to explore the potential costs and benefits of
 desertion in a wild population. We firstly show that females desert their
 broods more frequently than males. Secondly, we investigate the benefits
 of this frequent female desertion in terms of additional mating
 opportunities, and the costs of desertion to females in terms of the
 growth and survival of deserted offspring. Our results indicate that
 female desertion is favoured by a combination of remating benefits and a
 lack of costs to brood growth and survival, as abandoned male parents
 continue to provide care after desertion. Our results shed light on the
 costs and benefits underlying natural desertion strategies and suggest
 that female desertion is a fine-tuned behaviour that responds to
 seasonally changing benefits of desertion.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0mk
title: Global squamate presence-absence matrix

description: This dataset contains a global presence-absence matrix for 10,215 species
 of terrestrial squamates (lizards and snakes), constructed from the GARD
 1.5 species range shapefiles. Suitable for global diversity analyses using
 the R package LetsR. It consists of a list including three elements (1) a
 presence-absence matrix for all 96x96 km global terrestrial grid cells
 (48800 grid cells have at least one species), (2) a raster summarizing
 global richness patterns, and (3) a list of species.
description: This dataset was constructed from the GARD 1.5 squamate species
 range shapefiles  (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mh3) for 10,215 terrestrial species of squamates using the R package LetsR v 4.0 (Vilela and Villalobos 2015). The range shapefiles were projected onto an global Behrmann equal area projection map, and then converted into a presences absence matrix using the "lets.presab" fuinction in LetsR.    Cited: Vilela, B., & Villalobos, F. (2015). letsR: a new R package for data handling and analysis in macroecology. <em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 6(10), 1229-1234. 
description: This dataset is designed for use with the R package LetsR (Vilela
 and Villalobos 2015). While the file can be opened with nearly any plain
 text editor, the organization of the file is such that it would be
 difficult to use outside of the R programming environment with LetsR. It
 can be read using the "readRDS" command from LetsR. If you wish
 to use elements of it in other programs or packages, it would be best to
 read the file using LetsR and then export the individual
 elements.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vz69xa
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 81 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Fissicalyx fendleri",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 81 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003329-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnxm
title: CESM 1.2 climate model simulation output for: The Essential Role of Westerly Wind Bursts in ENSO Dynamics and Extreme Events Quantified in Model 'Wind Stress Shaving' Experiments

description: Westerly wind bursts (WWBs)—brief but strong westerly wind anomalies in
 the equatorial Pacific—are believed to play an important role in El Niño
 Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, but quantifying their effects is
 challenging. Here, we investigate the cumulative effects of WWBs on ENSO
 characteristics, including the occurrence of extreme El Niño events, via
 modified coupled model experiments within Community Earth System Model
 (CESM1) in which we progressively reduce the impacts of wind stress
 anomalies associated with model-generated WWBs. In these “wind stress
 shaving” experiments we limit momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the
 ocean above a preset threshold, thus “shaving off” wind bursts. To reduce
 the tropical Pacific mean state drift, both westerly and easterly wind
 bursts are removed, although the changes are dominated by WWB reduction.
 As we impose progressively stronger thresholds, both ENSO amplitude and
 the frequency of extreme El Niño decrease, and ENSO becomes less
 asymmetric. The warming center of El Niño shifts westward, indicating less
 frequent and weaker Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events. Removing most of
 wind bursts-related wind stress anomalies reduces ENSO amplitude by 22%.
 The essential role of WWBs in the development of extreme El Niño events is
 revealed in the suppressed eastward migration of the western Pacific warm
 pool and hence a weaker Bjerknes feedback under wind shaving. Overall, our
 results reaffirm the importance of WWBs in shaping the characteristics of
 ENSO and its extreme events and imply that WWB changes with global warming
 could influence future ENSO.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r3g
title: Normalised luciferase assay data

description: The Lepidoptera are an insect order of cultural, economic, and
 environmental importance, representing ∼10% of all described living
 species. Yet, for all but one of these species (silkmoth, Bombyx mori),
 the molecular genetics of how sexual fate is determined remains unknown.
 We investigated this in the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a
 globally important, highly invasive, and economically damaging pest of
 cruciferous crops. Our previous work uncovered a regulator of male sex
 determination in P. xylostella—PxyMasc, a homolog of B. mori
 Masculinizer—which, although initially expressed in embryos of both sexes,
 is then reduced in female embryos, leading to female-specific splicing of
 doublesex. Here, through sequencing small RNA libraries generated from
 early embryos and sexed larval pools, we identified a variety of small
 silencing RNAs (predominantly Piwi-interacting RNAs [piRNAs])
 complementary to PxyMasc, whose temporal expression correlated with the
 reduction in PxyMasc transcript observed previously in females. Analysis
 of these small RNAs showed that they are expressed from tandemly arranged,
 multicopy arrays found exclusively on the W (female-specific) chromosome,
 which we term “Pxyfem”. Analysis of the Pxyfem sequences showed that they
 are partial complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of PxyMasc messenger RNA (mRNA)
 transcripts, likely integrated into transposable element graveyards by the
 noncanonical action of retrotransposons (retrocopies), and that their
 apparent similarity to B. mori feminizer more probably represents
 convergent evolution. Our study helps elucidate the sex determination
 cascade in this globally important pest and highlights the “shortcuts”
 that retrotransposition events can facilitate in the evolution of complex
 molecular cascades, including sex determination.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qdj
title: Data for: Hidden diversity: Comparative functional morphology of humans and other species

description: Gastrointestinal (GI) morphology plays an important role in nutrition,
 health, and epidemiology, yet limited data on gastrointestinal variation
 have been collected since 1885. Here we demonstrate that students can
 collect reliable data sets on gut morphology; when they do, they reveal
 greater morphological variation for some structures in the GI than has
 been documented in the published literature. We discuss trait variability
 both within and among species, and the implications of that variability
 for evolution and epidemiology. Our results show that morphological
 variation in the GI tract is associated with each organ’s role in food
 processing. For example, the length of many structures was found to vary
 significantly with feeding strategy. Within species, the variability
 illustrated by the coefficients of variation suggests that selective
 constraints may vary with function. Within humans, we detected significant
 correlations between the various lengths of the liver and appendix (p =
 0.0174) and with the colon (p = 0.0494), as well as between the small
 intestine and colon (p = 0.0445), which are arguably the most vital organs
 in the gut for nutrient absorption. Notably, intraspecific variation in
 the small intestine can be associated with life history traits. In humans,
 females demonstrated consistently and significantly longer small
 intestines than males (p = 0.0403). This finding supports the female
 canalization hypothesis, specifically, increased female investment in the
 digestion and absorption of lipids.
description: We measured the length of internal organs to the nearest 0.01 cm
 using sliding calipers, spreading calipers, ruler tape, rulers, and
 string. We also measured the body length of each specimen and calculated
 the volume of the liver using the formula for a cone. 
description: All data were analyzed in the R environment.
DOI: 10.25824/redu/pz7hol
title: Unicamp-UAV dataset for human detection in UAV imagery

description: To contribute to the scientific community focused on small object detection and UAV applications, we present a new dataset for human detection in UAV imagery, named Unicamp-UAV. This dataset was created by recording videos using a DJI Phantom 4 UAV at multiple locations across the Barão Geraldo Campus of the University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil. The videos were acquired under daylight conditions and favorable weather, considering different camera orientations and individuals in diverse poses to ensure data heterogeneity and to produce a representative dataset for the target area of interest. In total, the dataset comprises 6,500 UAV images, in which 58,555 human instances are annotated. The dataset is an outcome of the doctoral research entitled "Real-time UAV path planning for last-mile delivery operations with a focus on urban safety supported by deep learning-based human detection". The Unicamp-UAV dataset is publicly available through a GitHub repository at https://github.com/SimoesDP/Unicamp-UAV-Dataset .
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59zw3r2bx
title: The role of chloroplast movement in C4 photosynthesis: A theoretical analysis using a 3-D reaction-diffusion model for maize

description: Chloroplast movement within mesophyll (M) cells in C4 plants is
 hypothesized to enhance the CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM), but this is
 difficult to verify experimentally. A three-dimensional (3-D) leaf model
 can help analyze how chloroplast movement influences the operation of CCM.
 The first volumetric reaction-diffusion model of C4 photosynthesis that
 incorporates: detailed 3-D leaf anatomy, light propagation, ATP and NADPH
 production and CO2, O2 and bicarbonate concentration driven by diffusional
 and assimilation/emission processes, was developed and implemented for
 maize leaves to simulate various chloroplast movement scenarios within M
 cells: the movement of all M chloroplasts towards bundle-sheath (BS) cells
 (aggregative movement) and movement of only those of interveinal M cells
 towards BS cells (avoidance movement). Light absorbed by bundle-sheath
 (BS) chloroplasts relative to M chloroplasts increased in both cases.
 Avoidance movement decreased light absorption by M chloroplasts
 considerably. Consequently, total ATP and NADPH production and net
 photosynthesis rate increased for aggregative movement and decreased for
 avoidance movement case compared to the default case of no chloroplast
 movement at high light intensities. Leakiness increased in both
 chloroplast movement scenarios due to the imbalance in energy production
 and demand in M and BS cells. These results suggest the need to design
 strategies for coordinated increases in electron transport and Rubisco
 activities for an efficient CCM at very high light intensities.
description: The program is written in Matlab R2017b (The MathWorks, USA). It
 requires Matlab 2011 or newer versions to run the program.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v5q
title: Taxonomy of Aspergillus series Versicolores: Species reduction and lessons learned about intraspecific variability

description: Aspergillus series Versicolores members occur in a wide range of
 environments and substrates such as indoor environments, food, clinical
 materials, soil, caves, marine or hypersaline ecosystems. The taxonomy of
 the series has undergone numerous re-arrangements including a drastic
 reduction in the number of species and subsequent recovery to 17 species
 in the last decade. The identification to species level is however
 problematic or impossible in some isolates even using DNA sequencing or
 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicating a problem in the definition of
 species boundaries. To revise the species limits, we assembled a large
 dataset of 518 strains. From these, a total of 213 strains were selected
 for the final analysis according to their calmodulin (CaM) genotype,
 substrate and geography. This set was used for phylogenetic analysis based
 on five loci (benA, CaM, RPB2, Mcm7, Tsr1). Apart from the classical
 phylogenetic methods, we used multispecies coalescence (MSC) model-based
 methods, including one multilocus method (STACEY) and five single-locus
 methods (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, bPTP, ABGD). Almost all species delimitation
 methods suggested a broad species concept with only four species
 consistently supported. We also demonstrated that the currently applied
 concept of species is not sustainable as there are incongruences between
 single-gene phylogenies resulting in different species identifications
 when using different gene regions. Morphological and physiological data
 showed overall lack of good, taxonomically informative characters, which
 could be used for identification of such a large number of existing
 species. The characters expressed either low variability across species or
 significant intraspecific variability exceeding interspecific variability.
 Based on the above-mentioned results, we reduce series Versicolores to
 four species, namely A. versicolor, A. creber, A. sydowii and A.
 subversicolor, and the remaining species are synonymized with either A.
 versicolor or A. creber. The revised descriptions of the four accepted
 species are provided. They can all be identified by any of the five genes
 used in this study. Despite the large reduction in species number,
 identification based on phenotypic characters remains challenging, because
 the variation in phenotypic characters is high and overlapping among
 species, especially between A. versicolor and A. creber. Similar to the 17
 narrowly defined species, the four broadly defined species do not have a
 specific ecology and are distributed worldwide. We expect that the
 application of comparable methodology with extensive sampling could lead
 to a similar reduction in the number of cryptic species in other
 extensively studied Aspergillus species complexes and other fungal genera.