DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6802461
title: Concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Zn) in the ocean at given open and coastal locations

description: This data compilation contains previously published concentrations of copper, cadmium and zinc in open and coastal oceans of the world. The data was recalculated to nmol/L for consistency, assuming the following molar masses of copper, cadmium and zinc as 63.546, 112.411 and 65.380 g/mol, respectively, and salinity as 1.025 kg/L. The temperature and salinity provided by the authors were also included, in case there is a desire for future users to utilize different conversion methods to recalculate original data. Only data with information on whether the authors measured the trace metal concentrations in open or coastal marine environments were included. The oceans were divided into different geographical regions, namely the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean, and subsequently subdivided according to the information authors have given in their publications. In this context, several chemically diverse seas were included in geographical regions in order to limit the number of broad ocean regimes. Chemically diverse sub-regimens were, however, considered within each geographical grouping.
description: {"references": ["Abe, K. 2001. Cd in the western equatorial Pacific. Marine Chemistry. 74(2-3):197\u2013211.", "Abe, K. 2002. Preformed Cd and PO4 and the relationship between the two elements in the northwestern Pacific and the Okhotsk Sea. Marine Chemistry. 79(1):27\u201336.", "Abollino, O., Aceto, M., Buoso, S., La Gioia, C., Sarzanini, C. & Mentasti, E. 2004. Distribution of major, minor and trace elements in Antarctic offshore and coastal seawaters: Correlation among sites and variables by pattern recognition. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 84(6\u20137):471\u2013492.", "Anu, P.R., Bijoy Nandan, S., Jayachandran, P.R., Don Xavier, N.D., Midhun, A.M. & Mohan, D. 2018. Toxicity effects of zinc on two marine diatoms, under varying macronutrient environment. Marine Environmental Research. 142:275\u2013285.", "Boye, M., Wake, B.D., Lopez Garcia, P., Bown, J., Baker, A.R. & Achterberg, E.P. 2012. Distributions of dissolved trace metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ag) in the southeastern Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences. 9(8):3231\u20133246.", "Bruland, K.W. 1980. Oceanographic distributions of cadmium, zinc, nickel, and copper in the North Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 47(2):176\u2013198.", "Bu-Olayan, A.H., Al-Hassan, R., Thomas, B. V. & Subrahmanyam, M.N.V. 2001. Impact of trace metals and nutrients levels on phytoplankton from the Kuwait coast. Environment International. 26(4):199\u2013203.", "Butler, E.C.V., O'Sullivan, J.E., Watson, R.J., Bowie, A.R., Remenyi, T.A. & Lannuzel, D. 2013. Trace metals Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn in waters of the subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones south of Tasmania during the \"SAZ-Sense\" project. Marine Chemistry. 148:63\u201376.", "Castrillejo, M. et al. 2013. Dissolved trace metals (Ni, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, Al, and Mn) around the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research. 118:5188\u20135201.", "Cloete, R., Loock, J.C., Mtshali, T., Fietz, S. & Roychoudhury, A.N. 2019. Winter and summer distributions of Copper , Zinc and Nickel along the International GEOTRACES Section GIPY05\u202f: Insights into deep winter. Chemical Geology. 511:342\u2013357.", "Cloete, R., Loock, J.C., van Horsten, N.R., Menzel Barraqueta, J.-L., Fietz, S., Mtshali, T.N., Planquette, H., Garc\u00eda-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, M.I. 2021a. Winter dissolved and particulate zinc in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean: Distribution and relation to major nutrients (GEOTRACES GIpr07 transect). Marine Chemistry. 23:104031.", "Cloete, R., Loock, J.C., van Horsten, N.R., Fietz, S., Mtshali, T.N., Planquette, H. & Roychoudhury, A.N. 2021b. Winter Biogeochemical Cycling of Dissolved and Particulate Cadmium in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (GEOTRACES GIpr07 Transect). Frontiers in Marine Science. 8:656321.", "Corami, F., Capodaglio, G., Turetta, C., Soggia, F., Magi, E. & Grotti, M. 2005. Summer distribution of trace metals in the western sector of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 7(12):1256\u20131264.", "Crawford, D.W., Lipsen, M.S., Purdie, D.A., Lohan, M.C., Statham, P.J., Whitney, F.A., Putland, J.N., Johnson, W.K., et al. 2003. Influence of zinc and iron enrichments on phytoplankton growth in the northeastern subarctic Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography. 48(4):1583\u20131600.", "Echeveste, P., Agust\u00ed, S. & Tovar-S\u00e1nchez, A. 2012. Toxic thresholds of cadmium and lead to oceanic phytoplankton: Cell size and ocean basin-dependent effects. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 31(8):1887\u20131894.", "Frew, R., Bowie, A., Croot, P. & Pickmere, S. 2001. Macronutrient and trace-metal geochemistry of an in situ iron-induced Southern Ocean bloom. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 48(11\u201312):2467\u20132481.", "Hsu, S.C., Lin, F.J., Jeng, W.L. & Tang, T.Y. 2003. Spatial distribution of cadmium over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea. Journal of Marine Systems. 39(3\u20134):153\u2013166.", "Janssen, D.J., Sieber, M., Ellwood, M.J., Conway, T.M., Barrett, P.M., Chen, X., de Souza, G.F., Hassler, C.S., et al. 2020. Trace metal and nutrient dynamics across broad biogeochemical gradients in the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry. 221:103773.", "Kremling, K. & Streu, P. 2001. The behaviour of dissolved Cd, Co, Zn, and Pb in North Atlantic near-surface waters (30\u00b0N/60\u00b0W-60\u00b0N/2\u00b0W). Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 48(12):2541\u20132567.", "Lohan, M.C., Statham, P.J. & Crawford, D.W. 2002. Total dissolved zinc in the upper water column of the subarctic North East Pacific. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 49(24\u201325):5793\u20135808.", "L\u00f6scher, B.M. 1999. Relationships among Ni, Cu, Zn, and major nutrients in the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry. 67(1\u20132):67\u2013102.", "Milne, A., Landing, W., Bizimis, M. & Morton, P. 2010. Determination of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in seawater using high resolution magnetic sector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Analytica Chimica Acta. 665(2):200\u2013207.", "Moore, R.M. 1978. The distribution of dissolved copper in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 41(4):461\u2013468.", "Nolting, R.F. & de Baar, H.J.W. 1994. Behaviour of nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium in the upper 300 m of a transect in the Southern Ocean (57\u00b0-62\u00b0S, 49\u00b0W). Marine Chemistry. 45(3):225\u2013242.", "Nolting, R.F., De Baar, H.J.W., Van Bennekom, A.J. & Masson, A. 1991. Cadmium, copper and iron in the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea and Weddell/Scotia Confluence (Antarctica). Marine Chemistry. 35(1\u20134):219\u2013243.", "Roshan, S. & Wu, J. 2015. The distribution of dissolved copper in the tropical-subtropical north Atlantic across the GEOTRACES GA03 transect. Marine Chemistry. 176:189\u2013198.", "Roshan, S., DeVries, T., Wu, J. & Chen, G. 2018. The Internal Cycling of Zinc in the Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 32(12):1833\u20131849.", "Saager, P.M., De Baar, H.J.W. & Howland, R.J. 1992. Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu in the Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers. 39(1):9\u201335.", "Sa\u00f1udo-Wilhelmy, S.A., Olsen, K.A., Scelfo, J.M., Foster, T.D. & Flegal, A.R. 2002. Trace metal distributions off the Antarctic peninsula in the Weddell sea. Marine Chemistry. 77(2\u20133):157\u2013170.", "Sparks, C., Odendaal, J. & Snyman, R. 2017. Metal concentrations in intertidal water and surface sediment along the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, Cape Town, South Africa. Water SA. 43(1):17\u201324.", "Subrahmanyam, M.N.V. & Kumari, K.V.V.A. 1990a. Trace metals in water and phytoplankton of Visakhapatnam Harbour area, east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. 19(3):177\u2013180. [Online], Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260085972%0ATrace.", "Viljoen, J.J., Weir, I., Fietz, S., Cloete, R., Loock, J., Raissa, P. & Alakendra, R. 2019. Links between the phytoplankton community composition and trace metal distribution in summer surface waters of the Atlantic southern ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science. 6:1\u201317.", "Wyatt, N.J., Milne, A., Woodward, E.M.S., Rees, A.P., Browning, T.J., Bouman, H.A., Worsfold, P.J. & Lohan, M.C. 2014. Biogeochemical cycle of dissolved zinc along the GEOTRACES South Atlantic transect GA10 at 40\u00b0S. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 28:44\u201356.", "Xie, R.C., Galer, S.J.G., Abouchami, W., Rijkenberg, M.J.A., De Jong, J., De Baar, H.J.W. & Andreae, M.O. 2015. The cadmium-phosphate relationship in the western South Atlantic - The importance of mode and intermediate waters on the global systematics. Marine Chemistry. 177:110\u2013123.", "Yeats, P.A. 1988. The distribution of trace metals in ocean waters. Science of the Total Environment, The. 72(C):131\u2013149."]}