cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8931zcrq9
title: Data from: Phenotypic integration in the carnivoran backbone and the evolution of functional differentiation in metameric structures

description: Explaining the origin and evolution of a vertebral column with
 anatomically distinct regions that characterizes the tetrapod body plan
 provides understanding of how metameric structures become repeated and how
 they acquire the ability to perform different functions. However, despite
 many decades of inquiry, the advantages and costs of vertebral column
 regionalization in anatomically distinct blocks, their functional
 specialization, and how they channel new evolutionary outcomes are poorly
 understood. Here, we investigate morphological integration (and how this
 integration is structured [modularity]) between all the presacral
 vertebrae of mammalian carnivorans to provide a better understanding of
 how regionalization in metameric structures evolves. Our results
 demonstrate that the subunits of the presacral column are highly
 integrated. However, underlying to this general pattern, three sets of
 vertebrae are recognized as presacral modules –the cervical module, the
 antero-dorsal module, and the postero-dorsal module– as well as one weakly
 integrated vertebra (diaphragmatic) that forms a transition between both
 dorsal modules. We hypothesize that the strength of integration organizing
 the axial system into modules may be associated with motion capability.
 The highly integrated anterior dorsal module coincides with a region with
 motion constraints to avoid compromising ventilation, while for the
 posterior dorsal region motion constraints avoid exceeding extension of
 the posterior back. On the other hand, the weakly integrated diaphragmatic
 vertebra belongs to the ‘Diaphragmatic joint complex’ –a key region of the
 mammalian column of exceedingly permissive motion. Our results also
 demonstrate that these modules do not match with the traditional
 morphological regions, and we propose natural selection as the main factor
 shaping this pattern in order to stabilize some regions and to allow
 coordinate movements in others.
description: Raw 3D landmarks coordinates of the vertebrae included in the
 study. Independent datasets for Atlas, Axis, Cervicals from C03 to C07 and
 Thoracic-lumbar vertebrae.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dv41ns1xm
title: Code for: Environmental fluctuations dampen the effects of clonal reproduction on evolutionary rescue

description: Evolutionary rescue occurs when genetic change allows a population to
 persist in response to an environmental change that would otherwise have
 led to extinction. Most studies of evolutionary rescue assume that species
 have either fully clonal or fully sexual reproduction; however, many
 species have partially clonal reproductive strategies in which they
 reproduce both clonally and sexually. Furthermore, the few evolutionary
 rescue studies that have evaluated partially clonal reproduction did not
 consider fluctuations in the environment, which are nearly ubiquitous in
 nature. Here, we use individual-based simulations to investigate how
 environmental fluctuations (either uncorrelated or positively
 autocorrelated) influence the effect of clonality on evolutionary rescue.
 We show that, for moderate magnitudes of environmental fluctuations, as
 was found in the absence of fluctuations, increasing the degree of
 clonality increases the probability of population persistence in response
 to an abrupt environmental change, but decreases the persistence in
 response to a continuous, directional environmental change. However, with
 large magnitudes of fluctuations, both the benefits of clonality following
 a step change and the detrimental effects of clonality following a
 continuous, directional change are generally reduced; in fact, in the
 latter scenario, increasing clonality can even become beneficial if
 environmental fluctuations are autocorrelated. We also show that increased
 generational overlap dampens the effects of environmental fluctuations.
 Overall, we demonstrate that understanding the evolutionary rescue of
 partially clonal organisms requires not only knowledge of the species life
 history and the type of environmental change, but also an understanding of
 the magnitude and autocorrelation of environmental fluctuations.
description: A full description of the methods can be found in the appendix of
 the associated manuscript.
description: This .zip file contains the code and documentation for two
 individual-based models that simulate evolutionary rescue of partially
 clonal organisms in fluctuating environments. The first model simulates
 adaptation to an abrupt environmental change (abrupt_sim.cpp) and
 simulates adaptation to a directional environmental change
 (directional_sim.cpp). Both models are written in C++. Documentation on
 how to run the code is given in the "README" file. 
 For detailed instructions for how to run simulations using this
 code, please see the README file. We have also provided example input
 files which will allow the user to replicate data in the manuscript.
 Information on how to use these files is also provided in the README
 file.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396754
title: THE ROLE OF YOUTH SCIENTIFIC CLUBS IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS

description: This article examines the role of youth scientific clubs as an essential component in the training of pedagogical, scientific, and biochemistry specialists at higher educational institutions with a medical profile. The study emphasizes that effective professional development of future specialists requires not only the acquisition of fundamental and specialized knowledge, but also the formation of professional thinking, creativity, self-development, and research skills. It is demonstrated that participation in youth scientific clubs throughout the entire period of higher education creates favorable conditions for the active and independent acquisition of knowledge beyond the standard curriculum. The article analyzes the main components of youth scientific club activities in biochemistry, including regular thematic meetings, subject-based Olympiads and competitions, and students’ research work. Particular attention is paid to the role of experimental data analysis, laboratory research, and scientific discussions in developing analytical, experimental, and critical thinking. The significance of research activities in fostering scientific creativity, self-confidence, professional orientation, and early professional maturity is highlighted. The findings indicate that youth scientific clubs contribute to the comprehensive development of students and play an important role in shaping highly qualified and motivated future specialists.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18396753
title: THE ROLE OF YOUTH SCIENTIFIC CLUBS IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS

description: This article examines the role of youth scientific clubs as an essential component in the training of pedagogical, scientific, and biochemistry specialists at higher educational institutions with a medical profile. The study emphasizes that effective professional development of future specialists requires not only the acquisition of fundamental and specialized knowledge, but also the formation of professional thinking, creativity, self-development, and research skills. It is demonstrated that participation in youth scientific clubs throughout the entire period of higher education creates favorable conditions for the active and independent acquisition of knowledge beyond the standard curriculum. The article analyzes the main components of youth scientific club activities in biochemistry, including regular thematic meetings, subject-based Olympiads and competitions, and students’ research work. Particular attention is paid to the role of experimental data analysis, laboratory research, and scientific discussions in developing analytical, experimental, and critical thinking. The significance of research activities in fostering scientific creativity, self-confidence, professional orientation, and early professional maturity is highlighted. The findings indicate that youth scientific clubs contribute to the comprehensive development of students and play an important role in shaping highly qualified and motivated future specialists.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1vq2
title: Faecal metabarcoding reveals pervasive long-distance impacts of garden bird feeding

description: Supplementary feeding of wildlife is widespread, being undertaken by more
 than half of households in many countries. However, the impact that these
 supplemental resources have is unclear, with impacts assumed to be
 restricted to urban ecosystems. We reveal the pervasiveness of
 supplementary foodstuffs in the diet of a wild bird using metabarcoding of
 blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) faeces collected in early spring from a
 220km transect in Scotland with a large urbanisation gradient.
 Supplementary foodstuffs were present in the majority of samples, with
 peanut (Arachis hypogaea) the single commonest (either natural or
 supplementary) dietary item. Consumption rates exhibited a distance decay
 from human habitation but remained high at several hundred metres from the
 nearest household and continued to our study limit of 1.4km distant.
 Supplementary food consumption was associated with a near quadrupling of
 blue tit breeding density and a five-day advancement of breeding
 phenology. We show that woodland bird species using supplementary food
 have increasing UK population trends, while species that don’t, and/or are
 outcompeted by blue tits, are likely to be declining. We suggest that the
 impacts of supplementary feeding are larger and more spatially extensive
 than currently appreciated and could be disrupting population and
 ecosystem dynamics.
description: mc = mean centred
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2fqz617c
title: Data from: Optimising monitoring for trend detection after 16 years of woodland-bird surveys

description: 1. Long-term biodiversity monitoring programs provide important
 information about species’ trajectories and broader environmental change.
 Often constrained by funding and organisational capability and commitment,
 monitoring programs need to be optimised to maximise ecological and
 economic efficiencies, as part of sound adaptive management. 2. The
 monitoring design requirements for detecting biodiversity trends, across
 assemblages of species with different traits, can be informed by
 historical datasets. Using data from a landscape-scale (c. 2,500 km2) bird
 monitoring program encompassing 151 sites visited 3 times annually over 16
 years, we used resampling to simulate different monitoring designs. We
 quantified the capacity of modified monitoring regimes to detect
 population trends for 65 bird species with different densities,
 detectabilities and specialisations. 3. The majority (58%) of species
 exhibited a significant decline in relative abundance, with the ability to
 detect trends proportional to the length of the time series used for
 analysis. The percentage of trends detected decreased as survey sites or
 sessions were dropped from the monitoring dataset. Statistically
 significant trends remained undetected for an additional 2.5 species for
 every 10% of sites excluded randomly from the program. As monitoring
 effort was reduced, the precision of trend estimates for rare species was
 particularly compromised. 4. Conducting bird surveys every second year
 would produce better results than an equivalent reduction in effort
 achieved by surveying only half the sites each year, but could compromise
 the sustainability of the program. If the number of survey sites were
 reduced, trend detection would be optimised by retaining the spatial
 extent of the surveys (i.e., by dropping sites from well-surveyed regions
 rather than excluding outlying, isolated sites), but the cost savings of
 this approach would be small. 5. Synthesis and applications. Reduced
 monitoring effort will compromise trend detection for rare species or
 species that are difficult to observe, and declining species that will
 soon become rare. Consequently, monitoring effort that is considered
 ‘surplus’ today could provide critical data for detecting species-level
 trends and prioritising conservation interventions in the future. Further,
 sampling efficiencies are not all-important; we must also consider the
 impacts of survey design modification on the social and political
 sustainability of existing monitoring programs.
description: Citizen-science woodland bird monitoring dataset conducted
 annually for 151 sites in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, from
 2001 to 2016.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76hdr7svx
title: Predation release of Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) living in small towns

description: Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) have a number of ways to avoid
 predation, including camouflage, sharp cranial horns, flattening of the
 body, and the ability to squirt blood from the eyes. These characteristics
 and their relatively low survival rates in the wild suggests these lizards
 are under high predation pressure. These lizards have been declining in
 much of their eastern range due to increased urbanization, agriculture,
 and loss of prey species. However, they can be still be found in some
 small south Texas towns where they can reach densities that are much
 higher (~50 lizards/ha) than in natural areas (~4-10 lizards/ha). We
 hypothesized that one reason for the high densities observed in these
 towns may be due to reduced predation pressure. We used model Texas horned
 lizards to test whether predation levels were lower in two south Texas
 towns than on a nearby ranch. We constructed models from urethane foam, a
 material that is ideal for preserving marks left behind by predators.
 Models (n = 126) and control pieces of foam (n = 21) were left in the
 field for 9 days in each location in early and late summer and subsequent
 predation marks were categorized by predator taxa. We observed
 significantly more predation attempts on the models than on controls and
 significantly fewer attempts in town (n = 1) compared to the ranch (n =
 60). On the ranch, avian predation attempts appear to be common especially
 when the models did not match the color of the soil. Our results suggest
 that human modified environments that have suitable habitat and food
 resources may provide a refuge for some prey species like horned lizards
 from predators.
description: Data was collected in the field during the Summer of 2018. Raw
 data has been entered into Excel and analyzed using chi-square,
 fisher's exact, and t-tests where appropriate.
description: Predation counts from the predation experiment can be found in
 the first two sheets of the excel file (Urban Sites, Ranch).  These
 predation counts are then separated in to predation categories and can be
 found in the sheet entitled (Predation Categories).  Color matching data
 in the form of Color Overlapping Index (COI) scores can be found in the
 sheet entitled (COI).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz65p
title: Data and code from: Accounting for species interactions is necessary for predicting how arctic arthropod communities respond to climate change

description: Species interactions are known to structure ecological communities. Still,
 the influence of climate change on biodiversity has primarily been
 evaluated by correlating individual species distributions with local
 climatic descriptors, then extrapolating into future climate scenarios. We
 ask whether predictions on arctic arthropod response to climate change can
 be improved by accounting for species interactions. For this, we use a
 14-year-long, weekly time series from Greenland, resolved to the species
 level by mitogenome mapping. During the study period, temperature
 increased by 2 °C and arthropod species richness halved. We show that with
 abiotic variables alone, we are essentially unable to predict species
 responses, but with species interactions included, the predictive power of
 the models improves considerably. Cascading trophic effects thereby emerge
 as important in structuring biodiversity response to climate change. Given
 the need to scale up from species-level to community-level projections of
 biodiversity change, these results represent a major step forward for
 predictive ecology.
description: The data were collected as part of the GEM program in Zackenberg,
 a High Arctic site located in North-East Greenland (74°28’ N; 20°34’ W).
 Arthropods were sampled weekly during the growing season from 1997 to
 2013, using yellow-pitfall traps located in a mesic heath habitat. The
 material derives from three traps located 5 meters from each other. The
 2010 samples were lost in transit from Greenland, so data from this year
 are missing. The species data was derived mostly from
 mitogenome mapping (see Ji et al 2020). The species data were complemented
 with individually DNA-barcoded samples in the case of samples with few
 individuals, and data on Diptera species from subsamples that had been
 identified in an independent morphological study (but had not yet been
 returned and thus could not be sequenced). The species data is accompanied
 by functional information in the form of the trophic levels (herbivore,
 omnivore, parasitoid, predator, saprophage or detritivore). As
 environmental data, there are data on weekly air temperatures (2 m
 aboveground) and snow depth (downloaded from From GEM’s ClimateBasis
 program). For more details in the data generation,
 please see article Abrego et al (2021) Accounting for species interactions
 is necessary for predicting how arctic arthropod communities respond to
 climate change. Ecography
description: The data and code include a README.txt file, which contains the
 instructions for how to replicate the analyses of Abrego et al (2021)
 Accounting for species interactions is necessary for predicting how arctic
 arthropod communities respond to climate change. Ecography
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v3p6pv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 222 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Detarium macrocarpum",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 222 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002812-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.280gb5mpj
title: Blood pressure measurement during cesarean delivery: Evaluation of a beat-to-beat noninvasive device (NexfinTM)

description: BACKGROUND: Early detection of arterial hypotension during cesarean
 delivery under spinal anesthesia is important. This study aims to compare
 the validity of NexfinTM as beat-to-beat noninvasive blood pressure
 monitoring with conventional intermittent oscillometric measurement of
 blood pressure during elective cesarean delivery. METHODS: This open
 prospective observational bicentric study was performed between January
 2013 and December 2015. We simultaneously recorded arterial blood pressure
 with both techniques in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean
 delivery under spinal anesthesia. The primary outcome was a Bland-Altman
 analysis of systolic blood pressure measurement comparing NexfinTM and a
 conventional method. The secondary outcomes were the time to detect the
 first relevant hypotensive episode and the comparison of both devices
 using a four quadrant graph. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-four
 parturients completed the study, and 2640 pairs of systolic blood pressure
 measurements were analyzed. Bias was -10 mmHg with upper and lower limits
 of agreement of -61 and +41 mmHg. In 73.9% of the cases, the two
 techniques provided the same information (normotension or hypotension),
 but the conventional method missed 20.8% of measurements, with NexfinTM
 detecting 16.2% more hypotensive measurements. The median [25-75
 percentiles] duration to detect the first hypotensive measurement was 331
 [206-480] seconds for NexfinTM and 440 [300-500] seconds for intermittent
 oscillometry (p&lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between NexfinTM
 and an intermittent method for the measurement of systolic blood pressure
 was not in an acceptable range during cesarean delivery, although NexfinTM
 may detect hypotension earlier than the standard method.
description: The following demographic characteristics of the pregnant women
 and their newborns were collected: age, weight, height, gestational weeks,
 indication for cesarean delivery, neonatal umbilical vein pH, and Apgar
 score at 1, 5 and 10 minutes. The tolerance of both devices was reported
 by the parturients based on a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0: extremely
 uncomfortable to 10: perfect). Any adverse event was collected,
 immediately analyzed, and declared to the health authorities if
 necessary. Paired measurements were obtained using the
 Nexfin<sup>TM</sup> (CNBP) and the BPosc every minute from the
 end of spinal injection. To obtain a single CNBP value in parallel to the
 BPosc value, the data for CNBP were filtered. An average value surrounding
 the “minute of interest” was calculated over an interval of 20 + 20
 consecutive seconds that corresponded to the median duration of the
 oscillometric measurement.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb0b
title: Invasion and maintenance of meiotic drivers in populations of ascomycete fungi

description: Meiotic drivers are selfish genetic elements that are able to become
 over-represented among the products of meiosis. This transmission
 advantage makes it possible for them to spread in a population even when
 they impose fitness costs on their host organisms. Whether a meiotic
 driver can invade a population, and subsequently reach fixation or coexist
 in a stable polymorphism, depends on the one hand on the biology of the
 host organism, including its life-cycle, mating system, and population
 structure, and on the other hand on the specific fitness effects of the
 driving allele on the host. Here, we present a population genetic model
 for spore killing, a type of drive specific to fungi. We show how ploidy
 level, rate of selfing, and efficiency of spore killing affect the
 invasion probability of a driving allele and the conditions for its stable
 coexistence with a non-driving allele. Our model can be adapted to
 different fungal life-cycles, and is applied here to two well-studied
 genera of filamentous ascomycetes known to harbor spore killing elements,
 Neurospora and Podospora. We discuss our results in the light of recent
 empirical findings for these two systems.
description: The dataset consists of the Mathematica code notebook that was
 used to run simulations, parameter sweeps and generate plots.
 In details: -The code was used to generate all
 plots in section 3. as well as in the supplementary material.
 -The code was used to produce stochastic simulations of invasion
 probability (sections 3.1.2 and 3.2.4) and parameter sweeps (section
 3.2.3).
description: The code contains all functions necessary to generate figures and
 other results of the study. The function of each item
 is detailed within the notebook itslef.