cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_aa_2006
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from AURORA AUSTRALIS in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and others from 2006-01-02 to 2006-03-11 (NCEI Accession 0157613)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from AURORA AUSTRALIS in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Oceans (&gt; 60 degrees South) and Tasman Sea from 2006-01-02 to 2006-03-11. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Barometric pressure sensor and Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Bronte Tilbrook, Craig Neill, and John Akl of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) as part of the VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20060112 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 09AR20060102
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.soccom_096u20160108_uw
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from Investigator in the Great Australian Bight, Indian Ocean and others from 2016-01-08 to 2016-02-26 (NCEI Accession 0157614)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Investigator in the Great Australian Bight, Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea from 2016-01-08 to 2016-02-26. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Barometric pressure sensor and Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Bronte Tilbrook, Craig Neill, and John Akl of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) as part of the SOCCOM_096U20160108_UW dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 096U20160108
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.soccom_096u20160314_uw
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from Investigator in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea from 2016-03-14 to 2016-04-15 (NCEI Accession 0157615)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Investigator in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea from 2016-03-14 to 2016-04-15. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Barometric pressure sensor and Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Bronte Tilbrook, Craig Neill, and John Akl of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) as part of the SOCCOM_096U20160314_UW dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 096U20160314
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.soccom_09in20150321
title: Dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations using CTD, PAR Sensor and other instruments from Investigator in the Indian Ocean from 2015-03-21 to 2015-03-30 (NCEI Accession 0157618)

description: This dataset includes biological, chemical, discrete sample, optical, physical and profile data collected from Investigator in the Indian Ocean from 2015-03-21 to 2015-03-30. These data include ABSORPTION - SCATTERING - ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS, CHLOROPHYLL, CHLOROPHYLL A, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC), DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, FLUORESCENCE, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, LIGHT TRANSMISSION, NITRATE, PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON, PARTICULATE ORGANIC NITROGEN (PON), PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR), PIGMENTS, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA), WATER TEMPERATURE, diatom, phosphate and silicate. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD, PAR Sensor, bottle and transmissometer.

These data were collected by Bronte Tilbrook and Tom Trull of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) as part of the SOCCOM_096U20150321 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: IMOS, IN2015_v01 and SOCCOM
DOI: 10.7289/v5833q3s
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations during the container ship Cap Blanche cruises in the Pacific Ocean from 2016-03-13 to 2016-10-19 (NCEI Accession 0158484)

description: This dataset contains data from underway fCO2 (seawater and atmospheric), ISFET-based pH (total scale), temperature, and salinity measurements collected on 4 trans-Pacific cruises in 2016 as part of a ship-of-opportunity time-series. Cruise names and expocodes: CB2016_03 (AG5W20160313), CB2016_05 (AG5W20160507), CB2016_08 (AG5W20160829), CB2016_10 (AG5W20161019). Since 1992, underway CO2 observations have been made between New Zealand and the U.S. West Coast. In 2010, ISFET-based pH measurements (total scale) were added to this equatorial Pacific SOOP-based time-series. All pH data, when available, are reported on the total scale and at SST. This effort was conducted with the support of NOAA's Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division in the Climate Program Office (CPO) and NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_aa_2014
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from AURORA AUSTRALIS in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and others from 2014-01-29 to 2015-01-24 (NCEI Accession 0160488)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from AURORA AUSTRALIS in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Oceans (&gt; 60 degrees South) and Tasman Sea from 2014-01-29 to 2015-01-24. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Barometric pressure sensor and Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Bronte Tilbrook, Craig Neill, and John Akl of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) as part of the VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20140129, VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20140309, VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20141022 and VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20141205 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 09AR20140129, 09AR20140309, 09AR20141022 and 09AR20141205
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17700924
title: Supplementary Dataset for "Spacecraft-Mass Interaction "Flyby Anomaly"

description: This dataset contains numerical calculation of spacecraft flyby route and velocities using Runge-Kutta 4 method.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17531821
title: Supplementary Dataset for "Spacecraft-Mass Interaction "Flyby Anomaly"

description: This dataset contains numerical calculation of spacecraft flyby route and velocities using Runge-Kutta 4 method.
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_aa_2015
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from AURORA AUSTRALIS in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and others from 2015-01-28 to 2016-01-06 (NCEI Accession 0160550)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from AURORA AUSTRALIS in the Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Oceans (&gt; 60 degrees South) and Tasman Sea from 2015-01-28 to 2016-01-06. These data include AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Barometric pressure sensor and Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Bronte Tilbrook, Craig Neill, and John Akl of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) as part of the VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20150128, VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20151022, VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20151028, VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20151201 and VOS_Aurora_Australis_AA_09AR20151209 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 09AR20150128, 09AR20151022, 09AR20151028, 09AR20151201 and 09AR20151209
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.soop_cap_san_lorenzo_2016
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from Cap San Lorenzo in the English Channel, North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 2016-01-29 to 2016-07-27 (NCEI Accession 0160551)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Cap San Lorenzo in the English Channel, North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 2016-01-29 to 2016-07-27. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Denis Diverrès of French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) and Nathalie Lefèvre of Sorbonne University (SU) as part of the VOS_Cap_San_Lorenzo_2016 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 65DK20160129
DOI: 10.15468/dl.aa2kzr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4237 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "DatasetKey is one of (iNaturalist Research-grade Observations, Birda - Global Observation Dataset, Observation.org, Nature data from around the World, Xeno-canto - Bird sounds from around the world, Earth Guardians Weekly Feed, International Barcode of Life project (iBOL), Collection of Animal Cell Culture, INSDC Sequences)",
 "GadmGid is CHN.6.4_1",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aves",
 "Year 1998-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4237 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007595-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/ajkq-5s71
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from MARIA S. MERIAN in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 2011-06-23 to 2011-07-21 (NCEI Accession 0160571)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from MARIA S. MERIAN in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 2011-06-23 to 2011-07-21. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

These data were collected by Arne Körtzinger and Tobias Steinhoff of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany as part of the SOOP_Merian_06MM20110623 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 06MM20110623
DOI: 10.25921/bvg0-mk20
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from Surface underway observations using Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement and other instruments from MIRAI in the Coral Sea, South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea from 2003-08-03 to 2003-10-16 (NCEI Accession 0160573)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from MIRAI in the Coral Sea, South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea from 2003-08-03 to 2003-10-16. These data include AIR TEMPERATURE, BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, WIND DIRECTION and WIND SPEED. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement.

These data were collected by Akihiko Murata of Meteorological Research Institute as part of the CLIVAR_P06_2003 (BEAGLE 2003) Underway PCO2 dataset. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this dataset: 49NZ03K04_2), 49NZ20030803 and 49NZ20030909 (49NZ03K04_1

The International CLIVAR Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program carries out a systematic and global re-occupation of select WOCE/JGOFS hydrographic sections to quantify changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and related parameters.
DOI: 10.3334/cdiac/otg.socat_v4_grid
title: Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) version 4, 1968-11-16 to 2014-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0161129)

description: This dataset is Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) version 4. This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological, navigational and physical data collected from unknown platforms in the world-wide oceans from 1968-11-16 to 2014-12-31. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE.

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an international effort, endorsed by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER), to deliver a uniformly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database.
DOI: 10.7289/v5st7n2x
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from R/V Sonne cruises SO234 and SO235 (EXPOCODEs: 06BE20140710 and 06BE20140723) in the Indian Ocean from 2014-07-10 to 2014-08-08 (NCEI Accession 0162204)

description: This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from R/V Sonne cruises SO234 and SO235 in the Indian Ocean from 2014-07-10 to 2014-08-08. These data include measurements of mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature, mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air, barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace, barometric pressure, corrected to sea level, water temperature in equilibrator, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity. The instruments used to collect these data include carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement.

These data were collected by Tobias Steinhoff of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research as part of the R/V Sonne research cruises in the Indian Ocean. The cruise Expedition codes (EXPOCODE) are 06BE20140710 and 06BE20140723.
DOI: 10.7289/v5xk8crs
title: pH (on total scale) and other variables collected from surface underway observations using Durafet pH electrode and Chloride Ion Selective Electrode and other instruments from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from during the CLIVAR/GO-SHIP Repeat Section A13.5_2010 (EXPOCODE 33RO20100308) from 2010-03-08 to 2010-04-17 (NCEI Accession 0162231)

description: This dataset consists of the surface measurements of temperature, salinity and pH on the total scale. An automated underway pH system was operated in the hydro lab of NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown during the CLIVAR/GO-SHIP cruise on the Repeat Section A13.5_2010 (EXPOCODE 33RO20100308) in the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean from 2010-03-08 to 2010-04-17.
DOI: 10.7289/v52b8w73
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from SOOP M/V Nuka Arctica lines in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2008-01-08 to 2009-01-07 (NCEI Accession 0162251)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from SOOP M/V Nuka Arctica lines in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2008-01-08 to 2009-01-07. These data include measurements of mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature, mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air, barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace, water temperature in equilibrator, sea surface temperature, and fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity. The instruments used to collect these data include carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Are Olsen and Truls Johannessen of University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway and Sara Jutterström of University of Gothenburg, Sweden. The dataset consists of 29 cruise data sets.
DOI: 10.7289/v5639mzd
title: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from R/V Meteor research cruise along the WOCE Section AR12/AR24 (EXPOCODE 06MT19970515) in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1997-05-15 to 1997-06-08 (NCEI Accession 0162256)

description: This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from R/V Meteor research cruise along the WOCE SectionAR12/AR24 (EXPOCODE 06MT19970515) in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1997-05-15 to 1997-06-08. These data include measurements of mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature, mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air, barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace, water temperature in equilibrator, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity. The instruments used to collect these data include carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Arne Körtzinger of Institute of Marine Research, Germany.
DOI: 10.7289/v5tt4p5v
title: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity, Oxygen and other Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During R/V Polarstern Cruise ARKXXVII/1 (EXPOCODE 06AQ20120614) along the CLIVAR Repeat Section 75N in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2012-06-14 to 2012-07-15 (NCEI Accession 0162432)

description: This dataset includes discrete bottle measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity, temperature, salinity, oxygen and CFCs from R/V Polarstern Cruise ARKXXVII/1 (EXPOCODE 06AQ20120614) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Section 75N, from 2012-06-14 to 2012-07-15. The R/V Polarstern ARKXXVII/1 cruise is a part of the CLIVAR/GO-SHIP Repeat Sections observations from the research ships along the section 75N. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of the priority program Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice area by a grant to T. Tanhua and M. Hoppema: Carbon and 25 transient tracers dynamics: A bi-polar view on Southern Ocean eddies and the changing Arctic Ocean (TA 317/5, HO 4680/1)
DOI: 10.25921/ap4q-a724
title: Oceanographic data and information collected during the EX1702 American Samoa Expedition: Suesuega o le Moana o Amerika Samoa (ROV/Mapping) on NOAA Ship OKEANOS EXPLORER in the South Pacific Ocean from 2017-02-16 to 2017-03-02 (NCEI Accession 0162490)

description: This dataset contains oceanographic data collected in Pago Pago, American Samoa. Operations focused within several marine protected areas and included the use of the ship’s deep water mapping systems (Kongsberg EM302 multibeam sonar, EX60 split-beam fisheries sonars, Knudsen 3260 chirp sub-bottom profiler sonar, and Teledyne Acoustic doppler Current Profilers), XBT and Underway CTD casts in support of multibeam sonar mapping operations, OER’s 6000 m two-body ROV Deep Discover and Seirios, and the ship’s high-bandwidth satellite connection for continuous real-time ship-to-shore communications. Operating areas included the Rose Atoll Marine National Monument, National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa, offshore (not within) of the National Park of American Samoa, and the waters of both American Samoa and Samoa.
DOI: 10.7289/v5sj1hw0
title: Oceanographic data and information collected during the EX1703 Howland/Baker PRIMNM and PIPA (ROV/Mapping) expedition on NOAA Ship OKEANOS EXPLORER in the South Pacific Ocean from 2017-03-07 to 2017-03-29 (NCEI Accession 0162616)

description: This dataset contains oceanographic data collected in Apia, Samoa. Operations were conducted within several marine protected areas and included the use of the ship’s deep water mapping systems (Kongsberg EM302 multibeam sonar, EK60 split-beam fisheries sonars, Knudsen 3260 chirp sub-bottom profiler sonar, and Teledyne Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers), and XBT casts in support of multibeam sonar mapping operations, OER’s 6000 m two-body ROV Deep Discoverer and Seirios, and the ship’s high-bandwidth satellite connection for continuous real-time ship-to-shore communications. Operations were planned in Tokelau, Kiribati’s Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA), the Howland and Baker unit of the Pacific Remote Islands Maine National Monument (PRIMNM), National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa, and Samoa.