cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591139
title: Effects of Leaf coverage and Neighboring adult tree or sapling on insect abundance in Danby woodlot

description: This lab was done on Wednesday 14th and 21st October 2015 at Danby woodlot located at York University. The class was divided into groups of 4 or 5. My group members are Jordan Deosamy, Mandy Huynh and Dylan Stoll. 50 adult trees and saplings were chosen at random and the insect abundance and leaf litter coverage were determined. The group split into groups of two to make the sampling faster. Each group sampled 50 different areas in the woodlot. Each group had a 1m by 1m quadrat and an orange flagging tape. When a random adult tree or sapling was chosen to be sampled, it was first tied with an orange flagging tape to prevent repetition and to differentiate from other groups that were doing their own experiments. Determining the life stage of the tree was done by visual observation. Adult trees were considered to be 2m or taller. The 1m by 1m quadrat was then placed right beside the adult tree or sapling facing the north because there was more shade meaning the ground would have more moisture and there would be more insect abundance. After that, the insect abundance was determined by visual observation for 3 minutes and counting the amount of insects that could be seen within the quadrat. Finally, pushing the leaf litter in the quadrat to one corner and spreading it out to see how much of the quadrat space it covered estimated the leaf litter coverage. The result was recorded in percentage. This was done for all the trials. The purpose of this experiment was to find if leaf coverage and proximity of adult tree has any effect on insect abundance. The environmental condition on the first day that the first 50 data was collected was partly cloudy, the temperature was 12 °C, slight breeze and the ground was mainly dry. On the second day the temperature was 9 °C, it was windy enough to move small branches, there was more leaf litter on the ground and more moisture due to rain the previous day. On the 14th the lab lasted from 2:55pm to 4:45pm while on the 21st the lab lasted from 3:05pm to 4:45pm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591137
title: Data on Eastern Black Walnut Trees at Saywell Woodlot

description: Data was collected at York University’s Saywell Woodlot for a total of 56 Eastern black walnut trees (scientific name: Julgans nigra) to determine whether or not distance to urbanization or age played a role in the canopy coverage of this species of trees. The study was conducted on two separate days, October 19th, 2015 at nearly 2:45pm when the temperature was 14 degrees Celsius with a sunny sky, and on October 26th, 2015, also at nearly 2:45pm with the temperature being 12 degrees Celsius and a sunny sky. On the first day, 33 trees were examined and on the second day, 23 trees were examined. The age of the tree was determined by measuring its diameter at breast height, 1.2m above the ground. If the tree had a diameter of 0.25m or greater, it was considered to be an adult and if it had a diameter less than 0.25m, it was considered to be a sapling. The distance of the tree to urbanization was determined using a line transect tape and measuring the distance of the tree to the closest road. If the distance was greater than 30m, the maximum distance the line transect tape could measure, one of the researchers would stand at the 30m mark while the other researcher measured from that position to the nearest road and added 30m to their obtained measurement. The canopy coverage of the tree was determined on a scale of 1 (no canopy coverage) to 5 (full canopy coverage), by holding a square up into the sky underneath the tree and determining how much of the sky was covered by the tree’s leaves, branches or fruits. Overall, the study was conducted successfully.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591140
title: Hemolymph coagulation and phenoloxidase activity in <i>Uca tangeri</i> induced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> endotoxin

description: <i>Uca tangeri</i> is a marine fiddler crab found commonly in the West African coast and is often exposed to Gram-negative pathogens upon injury. The aim of this study was to document the patterns of endotoxin-induced protein coagulation and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in hemolymph fractions of <i>Uca tangeri</i>. Hemolymph from live crabs was obtained by carapace puncture, pooled. and then separated into plasma, hemocyte Lysate (HL), hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) and hemocyte lysate debris (HLD). The effect of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (O1111:B4) endotoxin and calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) on protein coagulation in the presence/absence of endotoxin and the endotoxin dose-dependence of coagulation and PO activity were each studied in the plasma, HL, HLS and HLD. The results showed Ca<sup>2+</sup> was required to induce coagulation, and was endotoxin concentration-dependent in the plasma. PO activity was highest in the HLS but PO specific activity was highest in HLD. PO activity remained relatively constant with increased LPS concentration in the range studied 0–10 EU/ml. From the data we conclude that endotoxin-induced protein coagulation occurs in the plasma alone and might be mediated by trans-glutaminases, while PO activity is localized inside hemocytes and cell membranes in <i>Uca tangeri</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591137.v1
title: Data on Eastern Black Walnut Trees at Saywell Woodlot

description: Data was collected at York University’s Saywell Woodlot for a total of 56 Eastern black walnut trees (scientific name: Julgans nigra) to determine whether or not distance to urbanization or age played a role in the canopy coverage of this species of trees. The study was conducted on two separate days, October 19th, 2015 at nearly 2:45pm when the temperature was 14 degrees Celsius with a sunny sky, and on October 26th, 2015, also at nearly 2:45pm with the temperature being 12 degrees Celsius and a sunny sky. On the first day, 33 trees were examined and on the second day, 23 trees were examined. The age of the tree was determined by measuring its diameter at breast height, 1.2m above the ground. If the tree had a diameter of 0.25m or greater, it was considered to be an adult and if it had a diameter less than 0.25m, it was considered to be a sapling. The distance of the tree to urbanization was determined using a line transect tape and measuring the distance of the tree to the closest road. If the distance was greater than 30m, the maximum distance the line transect tape could measure, one of the researchers would stand at the 30m mark while the other researcher measured from that position to the nearest road and added 30m to their obtained measurement. The canopy coverage of the tree was determined on a scale of 1 (no canopy coverage) to 5 (full canopy coverage), by holding a square up into the sky underneath the tree and determining how much of the sky was covered by the tree’s leaves, branches or fruits. Overall, the study was conducted successfully.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591140.v1
title: Hemolymph coagulation and phenoloxidase activity in <i>Uca tangeri</i> induced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> endotoxin

description: <i>Uca tangeri</i> is a marine fiddler crab found commonly in the West African coast and is often exposed to Gram-negative pathogens upon injury. The aim of this study was to document the patterns of endotoxin-induced protein coagulation and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in hemolymph fractions of <i>Uca tangeri</i>. Hemolymph from live crabs was obtained by carapace puncture, pooled. and then separated into plasma, hemocyte Lysate (HL), hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) and hemocyte lysate debris (HLD). The effect of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (O1111:B4) endotoxin and calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) on protein coagulation in the presence/absence of endotoxin and the endotoxin dose-dependence of coagulation and PO activity were each studied in the plasma, HL, HLS and HLD. The results showed Ca<sup>2+</sup> was required to induce coagulation, and was endotoxin concentration-dependent in the plasma. PO activity was highest in the HLS but PO specific activity was highest in HLD. PO activity remained relatively constant with increased LPS concentration in the range studied 0–10 EU/ml. From the data we conclude that endotoxin-induced protein coagulation occurs in the plasma alone and might be mediated by trans-glutaminases, while PO activity is localized inside hemocytes and cell membranes in <i>Uca tangeri</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591132
title: Synthesis and characterization of diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as new reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent for polymerization of ethyl methacrylate

description: Diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as a novel di-functional reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent was synthesized based on 2,5-diketopiperazine. The RAFT agent was designed based on the propagating core (<i>R</i> group) approach and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and melting point technique. Then, ethyl methacrylate was synthesized via free radical and RAFT polymerizations. To investigate the effect of the RAFT agent on the kinetic of polymerization, molecular weight, and polydispersity index (PDI) of polymers and also monomer conversion were monitored. Also, synthesized polymers were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR, and TGA. Characterization analyses of synthesized RAFT agent were consistent with the structure. NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed end group incorporation of RAFT agent into polymer structure. According to results, poly(ethyl methacrylate) with low PDI (1.14) was obtained. Kinetic study indicated well-controlled polymerization of ethyl methacrylate by synthesized RAFT agent. TGA results showed that RAFT agent could reduce termination reactions and so reduce head-to-head bonds and chain-end unsaturation by keeping the concentration of radicals low enough.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591139.v2
title: Effects of Leaf coverage and Neighboring adult tree or sapling on insect abundance in Danby woodlot

description: This lab was done on Wednesday 14th and 21st October 2015 at Danby woodlot located at York University. The class was divided into groups of 4 or 5. My group members are Jordan Deosamy, Mandy Huynh and Dylan Stoll. 50 adult trees and saplings were chosen at random and the insect abundance and leaf litter coverage were determined. The group split into groups of two to make the sampling faster. Each group sampled 50 different areas in the woodlot. Each group had a 1m by 1m quadrat and an orange flagging tape. When a random adult tree or sapling was chosen to be sampled, it was first tied with an orange flagging tape to prevent repetition and to differentiate from other groups that were doing their own experiments. Determining the life stage of the tree was done by visual observation. Adult trees were considered to be 2m or taller. The 1m by 1m quadrat was then placed right beside the adult tree or sapling facing the north because there was more shade meaning the ground would have more moisture and there would be more insect abundance. After that, the insect abundance was determined by visual observation for 3 minutes and counting the amount of insects that could be seen within the quadrat. Finally, pushing the leaf litter in the quadrat to one corner and spreading it out to see how much of the quadrat space it covered estimated the leaf litter coverage. The result was recorded in percentage. This was done for all the trials. The purpose of this experiment was to find if leaf coverage and proximity of adult tree has any effect on insect abundance. The environmental condition on the first day that the first 50 data was collected was partly cloudy, the temperature was 12 °C, slight breeze and the ground was mainly dry. On the second day the temperature was 9 °C, it was windy enough to move small branches, there was more leaf litter on the ground and more moisture due to rain the previous day. On the 14th the lab lasted from 2:55pm to 4:45pm while on the 21st the lab lasted from 3:05pm to 4:45pm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591131
title: Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis by delayed luminescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i> in Petri dishes

description: Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis is a valuable tool in the field and laboratory. Delayed luminescence (DL) can reflect charge recombination through the backflow of electrons. However, DL detection has not yet been adapted for whole plants in Petri dishes. To compensate for differences in DL decay between sibling <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants grown under the same conditions, we developed a time-sequential double measurement method. Using this method, we examined the influence of photosynthetic electron flow inhibitors, and differences in the DL decay curves were categorized by considering the initial and late phases of the decay curves, as well as their intermediate slopes. The appearance of concavity and convexity in DL curves in <i>Arabidopsis</i> was different from unicellular algae, suggesting complexity in the photosynthetic machinery of higher plants. This detection method should be invaluable for evaluating photosynthetic defects in higher plants under sterile conditions without interrupting plant culture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591132.v2
title: Synthesis and characterization of diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as new reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent for polymerization of ethyl methacrylate

description: Diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as a novel di-functional reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent was synthesized based on 2,5-diketopiperazine. The RAFT agent was designed based on the propagating core (<i>R</i> group) approach and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and melting point technique. Then, ethyl methacrylate was synthesized via free radical and RAFT polymerizations. To investigate the effect of the RAFT agent on the kinetic of polymerization, molecular weight, and polydispersity index (PDI) of polymers and also monomer conversion were monitored. Also, synthesized polymers were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR, and TGA. Characterization analyses of synthesized RAFT agent were consistent with the structure. NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed end group incorporation of RAFT agent into polymer structure. According to results, poly(ethyl methacrylate) with low PDI (1.14) was obtained. Kinetic study indicated well-controlled polymerization of ethyl methacrylate by synthesized RAFT agent. TGA results showed that RAFT agent could reduce termination reactions and so reduce head-to-head bonds and chain-end unsaturation by keeping the concentration of radicals low enough.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591139.v1
title: Effects of Leaf coverage on insect abundance of adult trees and saplings

description: This lab was done on Wednesday 14th and 21st October 2015 at Danby woodlot located at York University. The class was divided into groups of 4 or 5. My group members are Jordan Deosamy, Mandy Huynh and Dylan Stoll. 50 adult trees and saplings were chosen at random and the insect abundance and leaf litter coverage were determined. The group split into groups of two to make the sampling faster. Each group sampled 50 different areas in the woodlot. Each group had a 1m by 1m quadrat and an orange flagging tape. When a random adult tree or sapling was chosen to be sampled, it was first tied with an orange flagging tape to prevent repetition and to differentiate from other groups that were doing their own experiments. Determining the life stage of the tree was done by visual observation. Adult trees were considered to be 2m or taller. The 1m by 1m quadrat was then placed right beside the adult tree or sapling facing the north because there was more shade meaning the ground would have more moisture and there would be more insect abundance. After that, the insect abundance was determined by visual observation for 3 minutes and counting the amount of insects that could be seen within the quadrat. Finally, pushing the leaf litter in the quadrat to one corner and spreading it out to see how much of the quadrat space it covered estimated the leaf litter coverage. The result was recorded in percentage. This was done for all the trials. The purpose of this experiment was to find if leaf coverage and proximity of adult tree has any effect on insect abundance. The environmental condition on the first day that the first 50 data was collected was partly cloudy, the temperature was 12 °C, slight breeze and the ground was mainly dry. On the second day the temperature was 9 °C, it was windy enough to move small branches, there was more leaf litter on the ground and more moisture due to rain the previous day. On the 14th the lab lasted from 2:55pm to 4:45pm while on the 21st the lab lasted from 3:05pm to 4:45pm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591127
title: Der sokratische Künstler: Bildzitate bei Rembrandt der sokratische Künstler

description: Die Studie untersucht die ironische Erzählweise Rembrandts und stellt dabei dessen Nachtwache ins Zentrum der Untersuchung. Zentral ist dabei die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der klassizistischen Kunsttheorie eines Franciscus Junius. The study analyzes Rembrandt’s ironic narrative techniques, focusing on the artist’s group portrait the Night Watch. Central to the inquiry is the artist’s critical engagement with the classical art theory of Franciscus Junius.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591132.v1
title: Synthesis and characterization of diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as new reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer agent for polymerization

description: Diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as a novel di-functional reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent was synthesized based on 2,5-diketopiperazine. The RAFT agent was designed based on the propagating core (<i>R</i> group) approach and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and melting point technique. Then, ethyl methacrylate was synthesized via free radical and RAFT polymerizations. To investigate the effect of the RAFT agent on the kinetic of polymerization, molecular weight, and polydispersity index (PDI) of polymers and also monomer conversion were monitored. Also, synthesized polymers were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FT-IR, and TGA. Characterization analyses of synthesized RAFT agent were consistent with the structure. NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed end group incorporation of RAFT agent into polymer structure. According to results, poly(ethyl methacrylate) with low PDI (1.14) was obtained. Kinetic study indicated well-controlled polymerization of ethyl methacrylate by synthesized RAFT agent. TGA results showed that RAFT agent could reduce termination reactions and so reduce head-to-head bonds and chain-end unsaturation by keeping the concentration of radicals low enough.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591124
title: S2 File

description: Supporting information file S2. Table B in S2 File
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591127.v1
title: Der sokratische Künstler: Bildzitate bei Rembrandt der sokratische Künstler

description: Die Studie untersucht die ironische Erzählweise Rembrandts und stellt dabei dessen Nachtwache ins Zentrum der Untersuchung. Zentral ist dabei die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der klassizistischen Kunsttheorie eines Franciscus Junius. The study analyzes Rembrandt’s ironic narrative techniques, focusing on the artist’s group portrait the Night Watch. Central to the inquiry is the artist’s critical engagement with the classical art theory of Franciscus Junius.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591122
title: Histo-Physics

description: social systems/human narratives
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591123
title: S1 File

description: Supporting information file S1. Table A in S1 File
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591122.v1
title: Histo-Physics

description: social systems/human narratives
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591124.v1
title: Supporting information file. S2 Table

description: Supporting information file. S2 Table
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591131.v1
title: Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis by delayed luminescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i> in Petri dishes

description: Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis is a valuable tool in the field and laboratory. Delayed luminescence (DL) can reflect charge recombination through the backflow of electrons. However, DL detection has not yet been adapted for whole plants in Petri dishes. To compensate for differences in DL decay between sibling <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants grown under the same conditions, we developed a time-sequential double measurement method. Using this method, we examined the influence of photosynthetic electron flow inhibitors, and differences in the DL decay curves were categorized by considering the initial and late phases of the decay curves, as well as their intermediate slopes. The appearance of concavity and convexity in DL curves in <i>Arabidopsis</i> was different from unicellular algae, suggesting complexity in the photosynthetic machinery of higher plants. This detection method should be invaluable for evaluating photosynthetic defects in higher plants under sterile conditions without interrupting plant culture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591123.v1
title: Supporting information file. S1 Table.

description: Supporting information file. S1 Table
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1591131.v3
title: Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis by delayed luminescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i> in Petri dishes

description: Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis is a valuable tool in the field and laboratory. Delayed luminescence (DL) can reflect charge recombination through the backflow of electrons. However, DL detection has not yet been adapted for whole plants in Petri dishes. To compensate for differences in DL decay between sibling <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants grown under the same conditions, we developed a time-sequential double measurement method. Using this method, we examined the influence of photosynthetic electron flow inhibitors, and differences in the DL decay curves were categorized by considering the initial and late phases of the decay curves, as well as their intermediate slopes. The appearance of concavity and convexity in DL curves in <i>Arabidopsis</i> was different from unicellular algae, suggesting complexity in the photosynthetic machinery of higher plants. This detection method should be invaluable for evaluating photosynthetic defects in higher plants under sterile conditions without interrupting plant culture.