DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2fqz61hv
title: Data from: Limited intraspecific variation in drought resistance along a pronounced tropical rainfall gradient

description: Assessing within-species variation in response to drought is crucial for
 predicting species responses to climate change and informing restoration
 and conservation efforts, yet experimental data are lacking for the vast
 majority of tropical tree species. We assessed intraspecific variation in
 response to water availability across a strong rainfall gradient for 16
 tropical tree species using reciprocal transplant and common garden field
 experiments, along with measurements of gene flow and key functional
 traits linked to drought resistance.
description: # Data from: Limited intraspecific variation in drought resistance along a
 pronounced tropical rainfall gradient These data were collected as part of
 a study of intraspecific variation in response to water availability
 across a strong rainfall gradient for 16 native tropical tree species
 using reciprocal transplant and common garden field experiments, along
 with measurements of gene flow, genetic diversity, and key functional
 traits linked to drought resistance. The study was conducted in tropical
 moist lowland forests spanning a rainfall gradient in central Panama.
 There are 8 data files and 6 files with R code used to analyze the data
 sets. The data files fall into 5 groups: Focal species information, Common
 Garden experiment, Reciprocal Transplant experiment, Functional trait
 measurements, and Genetic data NA is used to denote missing or unmeasured
 data in all files ## Description of the data and file structure ### Focal
 species information - data on the 16 focal species used in the study ####
 "species.information.csv" - includes information on the focal
 species and indicates in which parts of the study they were included;
 columns include: Species name: the full genus and species name with the
 botanical authority listed beneath Family: the family to which the species
 belongs Code: the six-letter code of the genus and species of each species
 (used in the files below) Phenology: indicates the leaf phenology of the
 species (E=evergreen, DD=dry season deciduous, WD=wet season deciduous)
 Distribution: indicates if the species is found on the drier side, wetter
 side, or is widespread across the rainfall gradient in central Panama
 Collection area: X indicates in which sections of the rainfall gradient
 (dry, intermediate, wet) seeds and leaf tissue were collected for that
 species Performance: X indicates if the species was included in the Common
 Garden (CG) experiment and D, I, and W indicate if the species was
 transplanted to the dry, intermediate, and wet sites of the Reciprocal
 Transplant (RT) experiment Traits: X indicates if that species traits were
 measured in the shade house (SH) and Common Garden (CG) experiment
 Genetic: X indicates if genetic data was collected for that species ###
 Common Garden experiment data - data on individual seedling growth and
 survival in a common garden experiment on the Buena Vista (BV) peninsula
 that included a drought treatment (30 plots) and an irrigated treatment
 (30 plots). Growth and survival data are in separate files: ####
 "BV.survival.data.for.analysis.txt" - includes data on survival
 in the experiment; variables include: unique.id: unique identifier for the
 seedling in the database plot: seedling plot number position: position of
 the seedling within the plot specie: six-letter code of the genus and
 species of the seedling number: tag number of the seedling lot: number of
 the mother tree(s) from which the seed of that seedling was collected
 origin: location along the gradient where the seed/seedling was collected
 (dry=drier side of the gradient, int=intermediate/middle of the gradient;
 wet=wetter side of the gradient) treatment: treatment applied to the plot
 (dr=drought treatment in which any rainfall during the dry season was
 excluded by clear tarps, or ir=irrigated treatment in which seedlings were
 watered regularly during the dry season to prevent drought stress)
 height.mm: height in mm of the seedling in the first census
 status.final.census: status of the seedling at the end of the experiment
 (A=alive, D=dead) days.alive: number of days for which the seedling was
 alive in the experiment (based on the time between the first census and
 the last census in which the seedling was alive) death.event: whether the
 seedling survival until the end of the experiment (1=died, 0=survived)
 #### "BV.growth.survival.to.end.formatted.for.analysis" -
 includes data on growth rates for seedlings that survived until the end of
 the experiment; variables include: unique.id: unique identifier for the
 seedling in the database treatment: treatment applied to the plot
 (dr=drought treatment in which any rainfall during the dry season was
 excluded by clear tarps, or ir=irrigated treatment in which seedlings were
 watered regularly during the dry season to prevent drought stress) plot:
 seedling plot number position: position of the seedling within the plot
 specie: six-letter code of the genus and species of the seedling number:
 tag number of the seedling lot: number of the mother tree(s) from which
 the seed of that seedling was collected origin: location along the
 gradient where the seed/seedling was collected (dry=drier side of the
 gradient, int=intermediate/middle of the gradient; wet=wetter side of the
 gradient) census.t1: census number used as the initial census (all values
 = C2) month.t1: month of the initial census day.t1: day of the initial
 census year.t1: year of the initial census status.t1: status in the
 initial census (all values=A, alive) height.mm.t1: height in mm in the
 initial census total.num.leaves.t1: total number of leaves in the initial
 census potential.leaf.area.cm2.t1: total potential leaf area in cm-squared
 in the initial census, estimated based on species-specific equations for
 leaf area as a function of length and width measured for each leaf of the
 seedlings; potential leaf area does not account for the area of leaves
 missing due to herbivore damage damaged.leaf.area.cm2.t1: estimated area
 in cm-squared of leaf tissue missing due to herbivore damage (for leaves
 present on the plant, does not account for removal of entire leaves)
 actual.leaf.area.cm2.t1: total leaf area in cm-squared after accounting
 for damage (i.e., potential.leaf.area - damaged.leaf.area) census.t2:
 census number used as the final census (all values = C5) month.t2: month
 of the final census day.t2: day of the final census year.t2: year of the
 final census status.t2: status in the final census (A=alive, D=dead)
 height.mm.t2: height in mm in the final census total.num.leaves.t2: total
 number of leaves in the final census potential.leaf.area.cm2.t2: potential
 leaf area in the final census (see explanation above)
 damaged.leaf.area.cm2.t2: damaged leaf area in the final census (see
 explanation above) actual.leaf.area.cm2.t2: actual leaf area in the final
 census (see explanation above) time.days: time in days between the initial
 and final census of the seedling rgr.pot: relative growth rate, calculated
 as (ln(potential.leaf.area.cm2.t2) - ln(potential.leaf.area.cm2.t1))/time
 in years rgr.act: relative growth rate, calculated as rgr.pot but using
 actual.leaf.area instead of potential.leaf.area ag.pot: absolute growth
 rate, calculated as (potential.leaf.area.cm2.t2 -
 potential.leaf.area.cm2.t1)/time in years ag.act: absolute growth rate,
 calculated as act.pot but using actual.leaf.area instead of
 potential.leaf.area ### Reciprocal transplant experiment data - data on
 individual seedling growth and survival at the three reciprocal transplant
 sites along the rainfall gradient. Growth and survival data are in the
 same file: ####
 "transplant.growth.survival.to.2018.for.analysis.txt" - includes
 data on survival and growth of seedlings transplanted to 3 sites along the
 rainfall gradient, with each site containing 30 seedlings plots; variables
 include: unique.id: unique identifier for the seedling in the database
 site: transplant site (dry.pnm = dry transplant site, Parque Natural
 Metropolitnao; int.plr = intermediate rainfall site, Pipeline Road;
 wet.sherman = wet transplant site, Sherman/San Lorenzo National Park)
 plot: seedling plot number (1-30) at each transplant site position:
 position of the seedling within the plot specie: six-letter code of the
 genus and species of the seedling number: tag number of the seedling lot:
 number of the mother tree(s) from which the seed of that seedling was
 collected origin: location along the gradient where the seed/seedling was
 collected (dry=drier side of the gradient, int=intermediate/middle of the
 gradient; wet=wetter side of the gradient) census.t1: census number used
 as the initial census (all values = C2) month.t1: month of the initial
 census day.t1: day of the initial census year.t1: year of the initial
 census status.t1: status in the initial census (all values=A, alive)
 height.mm.t1: height in mm in the initial census total.num.leaves.t1:
 total number of leaves in the initial census potential.leaf.area.cm2.t1:
 total potential leaf area in cm-squared in the initial census, estimated
 based on species-specific equations for leaf area as a function of length
 and width measured for each leaf of the seedlings; potential leaf area
 does not account for an area of leaves missing due to herbivore damage
 damaged.leaf.area.cm2.t1: estimated area in cm-squared of leaf tissue
 missing due to herbivore damage (for leaves present on the plant, does not
 account for removal of entire leaves) actual.leaf.area.cm2.t1: total leaf
 area in cm-squared after accounting for damage (i.e., potential.leaf.area
 - damaged.leaf.area) census.t2: census number used as the final growth
 census (all values = C5; note that final survival was assessed in the
 later census, see below) month.t2: month of the final growth census
 day.t2: day of the final growth census year.t2: year of the final growth
 census status.t2: status in the final growth census (A=alive, D=dead)
 height.mm.t2: height in mm in the final growth census total.num.leaves.t2:
 total number of leaves in the final growth census
 potential.leaf.area.cm2.t2: potential leaf area in the final growth census
 (see explanation above) damaged.leaf.area.cm2.t2: damaged leaf area in the
 final growth census (see explanation above) actual.leaf.area.cm2.t2:
 actual leaf area in the final growth census (see explanation above)
 time.days: time in days between initial and final growth census of the
 seedling rgr.pot: relative growth rate, calculated as
 (ln(potential.leaf.area.cm2.t2) - ln(potential.leaf.area.cm2.t1))/time in
 years rgr.act: relative growth rate, calculated as rgr.pot but using
 actual.leaf.area instead of potential.leaf.area ag.pot: absolute growth
 rate, calculated as (potential.leaf.area.cm2.t2 -
 potential.leaf.area.cm2.t1)/time in years ag.act: absolute growth rate,
 calculated as act.pot but using actual.leaf.area instead of
 potential.leaf.area census.2018: census number used as the final survival
 census (C6 if seedling was alive in a prior census (C5); NA if seedling
 was dead in the prior census) month.2018: the month of the final survival
 census day.2018: the day of the final survival census year.2018: year of
 the final survival census status.2018: status in the final survival census
 (A=alive, D=dead) u.plot: unique seedling plot number (combines site and
 plot number so that each plot has a unique identifier) survived.2018:
 whether the seedling survived until the final survival census (0=died,
 1=survived) ### Functional trait measurements - Data on functional traits
 measured on seedlings, with separate files for seedlings measured in the
 shade house (i.e., under uniform conditions) and at the end of the common
 garden experiment (i.e., in the field under drought or irrigated
 conditions) #### "greenhouse.traits.txt" - trait values for
 individual seedlings measured in the shade house; variables include:
 species: six-letter code of the genus and species of the seedling origin:
 location along the gradient where the seed/seedling was collected
 (dry=drier side of the gradient, int=intermediate/middle of the gradient;
 wet=wetter side of the gradient) plant: number of the seedlings (unique
 within species only) lot: number of the mother tree(s) from which the seed
 of that seedling was collected tlp: turgor loss point in MPa root.density:
 root density in g/cm^3 root.wc: root water content in % fresh weight
 stem.density: stem density in g/cm^3 stem.wc stem water content in % fresh
 weight sla: specific leaf area in cm2/g leaf.wc: leaf water content in %
 fresh weight nsc.total: total non-structural carbohydrates as % of stem DW
 nsc.suc: sucrose component of non-structural carbohydrates nsc.starch:
 starch component of non-structural carbohydrates nsc.gluc.fruc: glucose
 and fructose component of non-structural carbohydrates lar: leaf area
 ratio in cm2/g lmr: leaf mass ratio in g/g smr: stem mass ratio in g/g
 rmr: root mass ratio in g/g root.shoot: root to shoot ratio in g/g g.max:
 maximum stomatal conductance in mmol/ (m^2 * s) lwp.g.10: leaf water
 potential at stomatal closure (WPcrit) in MPa ####
 "BV.traits.txt" - trait values for individual seedlings measured
 at the end of the common garden experiment; variables include: Plot:
 seedling plot number in the common garden experiment species: six-letter
 code of the genus and species of the seedling treatment: treatment applied
 to the plot (dr=drought treatment in which any rainfall during the dry
 season was excluded by clear tarps, or ir=irrigated treatment in which
 seedlings were watered regularly during the dry season to prevent drought
 stress) origin: location along the gradient where the seed/seedling was
 collected (dry=drier side of the gradient, int=intermediate/middle of the
 gradient; wet=wetter side of the gradient) position: position of the
 seedling within the plot number: tag number of the seedling lote: number
 of the mother tree(s) from which the seed of that seedling was collected
 root.wc: root water content in % fresh weight stem.wc: stem water content
 in % fresh weight leaf.wc: leaf water content in % fresh weight
 stem.density: stem density in g/cm^3 SLA.cm2.g: specific leaf area in
 cm2/g RMR: root mass ratio in g/g SMR: stem mass ratio in g/g LMR: leaf
 mass ratio in g/g ### Genetic data - A file with the population genetic
 summary statistics for each origin of each species, plus a zip file
 containing files with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data for each
 of 13 tree species sampled across the rainfall gradient spanning the
 isthmus of Panama #### "PANAMA\_SNP.zip" - contains the 13
 Variant Call Format (VCF) files with the data on single nucleotide
 polymorphisms (SNPs) for each species, the beginning of each file name is
 the six-letter code for that species. Below is a brief description of the
 VCF file data structure: Header Lines: Begin with ## and provide metadata
 about the file, such as the VCF format version, reference genome (NA), and
 descriptions of the fields used in the body of the file. Column Header
 Line: Starts with # and lists the column names. Typical columns include:
 \#CHROM: Chromosome number (Not applicable in this study) POS: Position of
 the SNP on the chromosome. Not applicable in this study) ID: Identifier of
 the SNP REF: Reference base(s) at the position ALT: Alternate base(s)
 corresponding to the variation QUAL: Quality score of the variant call
 FILTER: Filter status (e.g., PASS if the variant passed all filters) INFO:
 Additional information on the variant FORMAT: Format of the genotype
 information Sample columns: Individual or sample IDs with genotype data
 formatted as specified in the FORMAT column. Data Lines: Follow the header
 and provide the actual genetic variation data. Each line corresponds to a
 variant (e.g., SNP) and contains fields separated by tabs, corresponding
 to the column headers. INFO Field: Contains key-value pairs describing the
 variant, such as allele frequency, effects, and other annotations. FORMAT
 Field: Describes the format of the sample-specific data, such as genotype
 (GT), depth of coverage (DP), and other relevant metrics. ####
 "population.genetic.summary.data.csv" - includes population
 genetic statistics for each population/origin of each species and seed
 dispersal mode; columns include: Species = 6-letter species code Origin =
 Location of the population/original along the rainfall gradient (Dry, Int
 (Intermediate), Wet) Num = average allelic richness of individuals in the
 population Eff_Num = the effective number of alleles in the population Ho
 = the average observed heterozygosity Ht = the average expected
 heterozygosity (genetic diversity) Gis = Nei's inbreeding coefficient
 (heterozygote deficit) Dispersal = seed dispersal mode ## Code/Software
 Text files are included with the R code used for the analysis of the trait
 and performance data: * "R code for Common Garden survival.txt"-
 script for analysis of seedling survival in the common garden experiment
 in R * "R code for Common Garden growth.txt"- script for
 analysis of seedling growth in the common garden experiment in R * "R
 code for transplant survival.txt" - script for analysis of seedling
 survival in the reciprocal transplant experiment in R * "R code for
 transplant growth.txt"- script for analysis of seedling growth in the
 reciprocal transplant experiment in R * "R code BV common garden
 trait analysis.txt"- script for analysis of common garden trait data
 in R * "R code for greenhouse trait analysis.txt" - script for
 analysis of greenhouse trait data in R