cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.824525
title: Stable carbon isotope record of sediment core Bass_River_Site

description: A thick, apparently continuous section recording events of the latest Paleocene thermal maximum in a neritic setting was drilled at Bass River State Forest, New Jersey as part of ODP Leg 174AX [Miller, Sugarman, Browning et al., 1998]. Integrated nannofossil and magneto-stratigraphy provides a firm chronology supplemented by planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. This chronologic study indicates that this neritic section rivals the best deep-sea sections in providing a complete record of late Paleocene climatic events. Carbon and oxygen isotopes measured on benthic foraminifera show a major (4.0% in carbon, 2.3% in oxygen) negative shift correlative with the global latest Paleocene carbon isotope excursion (CIE). A sharp increase in kaolinite content coincides with the isotope shift in the Bass River section, analogous to increases found in several other records. Carbon and oxygen isotopes remain low and kaolinite content remains high for the remainder of the depositional sequence above the CIE (32.5 ft, 9.9 m), which we estimate to represent 300-500 k.y. We interpret these data as indicative of an abrupt shift to a warmer and wetter climate along the North American mid-Atlantic coast, in concert with global events associated with the CIE.
description: Supplement to: Cramer, Benjamin S; Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Miller, Kenneth G; Olsson, Richard K; Wright, James D; Kent, Dennis V (1999): An exceptional chronologic, isotopic, and clay mineralogic record of the latest Paleocene thermal maximum, Bass River, NJ, ODP 174AX. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 170(6), 883-897
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.484452
title: Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples at station SAVE2/84-1

description: This data sets is part of a compilation by James Swift for the Java OceanAtlas software. Data are from various pre-WOCE sources, mainly with contributions and quality control from Joseph Reid (SIO) and NODC.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.669973
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Kwajalein (2002-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.764075
title: (Table 4b) Geochemical parameters of bottom waters from the Kara Sea in September 2007
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.777986
title: (Table T3) Radiolarian biostratigraphy of ODP Site 199-1220

description: Sediment depth is given in mbsf. Species abundance estimates (specimens &gt; 63 µm): P = present but no abundance estimated, A = abundant (&gt;10%), C = common (&gt;1%-10%), F = few (0.5%-1%), VF = very few (0.1%-0.5%), MR = moderately rare (0.05%-0.1%), R = rare (0.01%-0.05%), VR = very rare (2 specimens), + = 1 specimen, - = looked for but not found. Symbols in parentheses = suspected reworking; cf = a similar but undescribed form. Ages are from Pälike et al. (2005, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.199.213.2005).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670227
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (1997-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.825579
title: Natural gamma radiation from IODP Hole 329-U1371E

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.819364
title: (Table 3) Distribution and abundance of calcareous-nannoplankton species in the Cretaceous sediments at DSDP Hole 62-464

description: Sediment depth is given in mbsf. A = abundant, C= common, F = few, R = rare, VR = very rare, G = good, M = moderate, P = poor, + = present, X = cf., ? = questionable, - = not present, * = reworking/contamination, (+) = down-hole contamination, (x) = aff.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.921450
title: Olivine compositions of serpentinites from IODP Expedition 366

description: Number of cations based on 4 O. Abbreviations: cpfu, cations per formula unit.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694516
title: Temperature and salinity in the water column of the Ionian Sea at Station MARCH-2000-IPA3

description: The 911plus set has been used. It consists of the 9plus underwater CTD unit and the 11plus V2 deck unit. It has high resolution sampling (24 Hz), pump-controlled T-C ducted flow, up to 10500 meter (15,000 psia) depth capability, maximum auxiliary sensor flexibility, and modem channel for water sampling control. The 911plus set has eight 12-bit A/D channels and supports redundant C&T sensors or custom auxiliary digital inputs.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694519
title: Temperature and salinity in the water column of the Ionian Sea at Station MARCH-2000-IRI11

description: The 911plus set has been used. It consists of the 9plus underwater CTD unit and the 11plus V2 deck unit. It has high resolution sampling (24 Hz), pump-controlled T-C ducted flow, up to 10500 meter (15,000 psia) depth capability, maximum auxiliary sensor flexibility, and modem channel for water sampling control. The 911plus set has eight 12-bit A/D channels and supports redundant C&T sensors or custom auxiliary digital inputs.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670251
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (1999-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694520
title: Temperature and salinity in the water column of the Ionian Sea at Station MARCH-2000-IRI12

description: The 911plus set has been used. It consists of the 9plus underwater CTD unit and the 11plus V2 deck unit. It has high resolution sampling (24 Hz), pump-controlled T-C ducted flow, up to 10500 meter (15,000 psia) depth capability, maximum auxiliary sensor flexibility, and modem channel for water sampling control. The 911plus set has eight 12-bit A/D channels and supports redundant C&T sensors or custom auxiliary digital inputs.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.663637
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_0477
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694522
title: Temperature and salinity in the water column of the Ionian Sea at Station MARCH-2000-IRI13

description: The 911plus set has been used. It consists of the 9plus underwater CTD unit and the 11plus V2 deck unit. It has high resolution sampling (24 Hz), pump-controlled T-C ducted flow, up to 10500 meter (15,000 psia) depth capability, maximum auxiliary sensor flexibility, and modem channel for water sampling control. The 911plus set has eight 12-bit A/D channels and supports redundant C&T sensors or custom auxiliary digital inputs.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670279
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (2002-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.665175
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_2015
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.685908
title: Copepod production based on samples taken during April 2000 in the north-eastern Aegean Sea

description: The samplings were taken with the WP-2 closing net and the WP-2 modified net. The type of tows was vertical. The WP-2 closing net had a mesh size 200µm and a net mouth diameter 57cm. The tow speed was 1m/s and the filtered water volume was estimated by the net mouth surface and the towing distance. The WP-2 modified net had a mesh size 45µm and a net mouth diameter of 50cm. The tow speed was 0.5m/s and the filtered water volume was estimated by the net mouth surface and the towing distance.Egg production rates of the dominant calanoid copepods were determined by incubation of fertilised females (eggs female-1 d-1) collected in the 0-100m layer. Copepod egg production was measured for the copepods Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus and Centropages typicus. On board experiments for the estimation of copepod egg production were taken place. For the estimation of copepod production (mgC m-2 d-1), lengths (copepods and eggs) were converted to body carbon (Hopcroft et al., 1998) and production was estimated from biomass and weight-specific egg production rates, by assuming that those rates are representative for juvenile specific growth rates (Berggreen et al., 1988), see:Hopcroft, R.P., Roff J.C., Lombard, D. 1998. Production of tropical copepods in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica: the importance of small species. Mar. Biol. 130: 593-604, doi:10.1007/s002270050281;Berggreen, U., Hansen, B., Kiorboe, T. 1988. Food size spectra, ingestion and growth of copepod Acartia tonsa: implications for the determination of copepod production. Mar. Biol. 99: 341-352, doi:10.1007/BF02112126.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.665404
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_2244
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.669926
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Kwajalein (1998-05)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670287
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (2002-12)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690532
title: Microplankton abundance at Station SEPT-1997-GN36199704605MSB02 in the euphotic zone of the Aegean Sea in September 1997. Part 1 - diatoms

description: Microplankton species composition analysis was performed according to the inverted microscope method of Utermoehl. Samples for identification and enumeration of larger phytoplankton cells (&gt;5µm) were preserved in alkaline Lugol solution. Utermoehl, H., 1958. Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 9:1-38.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.793047
title: (Table 4) Representative analyses of bulk rocks from ODP Leg 135 holes
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.838338
title: (Table SI-5) Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane and -benzene in high volume water samples during CCGS Amundsen cruises in the Canadian Arctic 2007-2008

description: Please note: exact sample positions could not be obtained.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.847301
title: Geochemistry of some manganese nodules

description: The manganese nodules occur in greater or less quantity all over the ocean-bed, and most abundantly in the Pacific. They occur in all sizes, from minute grains to masses of a pound weight, and even greater, and form nodular concretions of concentric shells, round a nucleus, which is very frequently a piece of pumice or a shark's tooth. Their outside has a peculiar and very characteristic mammillated surface, which enables them to be identified at a glance. When freshly brought up they are very soft, being easily scraped to powder with a knife. They gradually get harder on exposure to the air.The powder, heated in a closed tube, gives out water which re-acts alkaline, and has an empyreumatic odour. Heated with strong hydrochloric acid, it liberates abundance of chlorine, and the residue which remains is white, consisting of silica, clay, and sand, the sand being the same as is found in the bottom mud from the same locality. Their composition varies greatly, different nodules containing different quantities of mechanically admixed mud, and the number of different elements found in them is very large. Copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, alumina, lime, magnesia, silica, and phosphoric acid have been detected in a large number; but I have not as yet been able to make a complete analysis of any of them. I have, however, made a few determinations of the most important component substances. For this purpose the outside and densest layers of the nodules were selected, and portions of them were pulverised and dried for ten or twelve hours at 140° C. The amount of chlorine liberated on treatment with hydrochloric acid was determined by Bunsen's method, and the iron was determined by titration with stannous chloride. The samples analysed were from four different localities.
description: The oceanic nodules analysed come from the Challenger expedition (1872-1876). It is historically the first set of geochemistry measurements ever published in the literature about manganese nodules from the deep sea.From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.
description: Supplement to: Buchanan, John Young (1919): Note on the manganese nodules found on the bed of the ocean. In: Buchanan, J Y: Accounts rendered of work done and things seen. Cambridge at the University Press (Reprint. London: Forgotten Books, 2013), Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, IX(7), 158-159
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690282
title: Radiosonde M6_R030 during METEOR cruise M6 on 1966-08-21 10:40h

description: Height of tropause 10080 m; Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.694509
title: Temperature and salinity in the water column of the Ionian Sea at Station MARCH-2000-IKO6

description: The 911plus set has been used. It consists of the 9plus underwater CTD unit and the 11plus V2 deck unit. It has high resolution sampling (24 Hz), pump-controlled T-C ducted flow, up to 10500 meter (15,000 psia) depth capability, maximum auxiliary sensor flexibility, and modem channel for water sampling control. The 911plus set has eight 12-bit A/D channels and supports redundant C&T sensors or custom auxiliary digital inputs.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.665364
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_2204
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.667967
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Boulder (1998-02)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668519
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at station Barrow (2000-12), Version 1

description: Ellsworth G. Dutton discovered a calibration glitch in the SWD "Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation" data for Barrow, Alaska. SWD data was therefore removed from this dataset. Please refer to the updated Version 2 (see replaced by reference) with correct calibration.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.687262
title: Mesozooplankton abundance from eight WP-2 closing net SEPT-1999

description: Buffered formaldehyde 4%, Folsom splitter for the subsamples used for abundance estimation. Stempel pipette for the subsamples used in the taxonomic analysis of zooplankton. Rose M (1933) Copépodes pélagiques (Faune de France, 26) 374 pp. Frost B, Fleminger A (1968) A revision of the genus Clausocalnus (Copepoda Calanoida) with remarks on distributional patterns in diagnostic characters. Bull. Scripps Inst. Ocean 12: 92 pp. Nishida S (1985) Taxonomy and distribution of the family Oithonidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Bull Ocean Res Inst Univ Tokyo, 167 pp.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.829034
title: Magnetic remanence from IODP Hole 339-U1387B

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.739483
title: Pollen profile LOPT, Lopatin, Ukraine

description: L. Post method.The EPD (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net) accepted species name is given in the parameter comment. This dataset was archived on 2010-05-11 from the EPD database.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.892345
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Carpentras (2018-05)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.739504
title: Pollen profile LUXRE642, Reisdorf, Luxembourg

description: The EPD (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net) accepted species name is given in the parameter comment. This dataset was archived on 2010-05-11 from the EPD database.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.707857
title: (Table 2) Stable oxygen isotope ratios of marine barite from ODP Hole 85-573B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.744180
title: Physical oceanography during Dana II cruise Dana03/1 to the North Sea
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.707533
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Payerne (1995-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.806579
title: (Table 7) Representative epidote analyses of ODP Hole 140-504B

description: Structural formulas are calculated on the basis of 12.5 oxygens.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.830360
title: Headspace-gas measurements from IODP Hole 338-C0021B

description: Geocode = [m CSF-A] Top Core depth (below sea floor)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.693970
title: Gametogenic cycle of Mesodesma donacium in Mehuin, Chile, 2000

description: Gonad stage: Percentage (%N) of male or female clams in each of the following gonad stages: early mature; advanced maturity; mature; early regresion; final regresion. Classification was made after histological examination of Bouin-preserved gonad samples. Tissue embedded in paraplast wax after dehydration, sectioned at 7 µm and stained with haematoxylin eosin stain before examination
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.847734
title: (Table 1) Element abundances in the Maastrichtian sequence of ODP Hole 171-1050C
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.704908
title: (Table 1) Oxygen and carbon isotope data from late calcite pore-fill cements at DSDP Site 58-445
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.763913
title: (Table 1) Location of stations within the Malama Bay with respect to the diffuser, biomasses of heterotrophic bacteria and their percentages relative to biomasses at background stations
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.787605
title: (Table 1) Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis from DSDP Holes 54-424A, 54-424B and 70-509B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.763878
title: (Table 1) Concentration of n-alkanes from IODP Holes 311-U1327C and 311-U1328B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690247
title: Radiosonde M69_R270 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-25 15:53h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.736936
title: (Table 9) Chemical composition of surface layer bottom sediments from the Santorini Lagoon and the Santorini Volcano region, Aegean Sea

description: Samples have been studied under liedership of G.Yu. Butuzova in the Geological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.808822
title: (Table 4) Geochemistry in feldspars at DSDP Hole 78-543A

description: Analysis no. 32-33, 34-35, 36-37, and 38-39 are the cores and rims of phenocrysts respectively 2.7 mm, 1.3 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.08 mm wide. Total iron expressed as Fe2O3 for feldspars, FeO for chlorite and celadonite. Ternary components are computed from structural formulas—Or = K, Ab = Na, An = Ca, normalized to 100%.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690325
title: Radiosonde M9_R002 during METEOR cruise M9 on 1967-04-16 10:30h

description: Height of tropause 13490 m; Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.665556
title: Oceanography at CTD/bottle station IFREMER_2396
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668001
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Boulder (2000-12)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690248
title: Radiosonde M69_R271 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-25 21:53h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.770309
title: (Table 2) Stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of foraminifera of DSDP Holes 29-277 and 31-292

description: Oxygen isotopic studies both of benthic formanifera (Emiliani, 1954, doi:10.1126/science.119.3103.853; Savin et al., 1975, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86&lt;1499:TMP&gt;2.0.CO;2; Shackleton and Kennett, 1975, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.29.117.1975; Savin, 1977, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.05.050177.001535) and shallow-marine carbonates ( Dorman, 1966; Devereux, 1967; Buchart, 1978, doi:10.1038/275121a0) have provided a useful monitor of marine palaeotemperatures. The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) has provided cores from many ocean basins to conduct detailed stable isotopic and palaeoceanographic studies of the Cenozoic and late Mesozoic. DSDP Sites 277 and 292, separated by ~60° latitude in Palaeogene times, each record an 18O enrichment in benthic foraminifera of nearly 1 per mil beginning at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Planktonic foraminiferal trends are similar to benthic trends in the high latitude southwest Pacific Ocean, but tropical planktonics show only a minor (~0.3 per mil) increase which may reflect a change in seawater composition. These results suggest a sudden cooling of Pacific deep waters and high latitude surface waters forms a useful stratigraphic marker for the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. This boundary is particularly important because of its association with several worldwide palaeo-oceanographic and biogeographic changes. These include a sudden drop in the calcite compensation depth of 1–2 km (van Andel et al., 1975; van Andel, 1975, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(75)90086-2); a decrease in planktonic microfossil diversity (Lipps, 1970, 10.2307/2406711; Kennett, 1978, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(78)90017-8; Sancetta, 1979, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(79)90025-2); a change in planktonic biogeographic patterns (Kennett, 1978, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(78)90017-8; Sancetta, 1979, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(79)90025-2; Haq and Lohmann, 1976, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(76)90008-6); and increased erosion of deep-sea sediments over wide areas (Kennet et al., 1972; Moore et al., 1978).
description: Supplement to: Keigwin, Lloyd D (1980): Palaeoceanographic change in the Pacific at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Nature, 287(5784), 722-725
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690326
title: Radiosonde M9_R003 during METEOR cruise M9 on 1967-04-17 10:00h

description: Height of tropause 12410 m; Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690249
title: Radiosonde M69_R273 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-26 09:48h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690300
title: Radiosonde M6_R048 during METEOR cruise M6 on 1966-08-28 10:40h

description: Height of tropause 10680 m; Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690250
title: Radiosonde M69_R274 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-26 15:53h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.763647
title: Light reflectance (RGB) of Hole 325-M0040A
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670712
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at station Ny-Ålesund (2000-11)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.763650
title: Light reflectance (RGB) of Hole 325-M0043A
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670177
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (1992-11)

description: The temperatures originally given in this datasets were 0.3°C too low (e.g. -4.7 instead of -4.4). This applied to all temperature values. On 2017-02-27 the temperature values were corrected.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.816944
title: (Table 2) Geochemistry and element ratios for basalts from DSDP Hole 69-504B

description: Empty cells mean no data.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.739497
title: Pollen profile LUXBERDO, Berdorf Aesbaach, Luxembourg

description: The EPD (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net) accepted species name is given in the parameter comment. This dataset was archived on 2010-05-11 from the EPD database.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690251
title: Radiosonde M69_R275 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-26 21:51h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690253
title: Radiosonde M69_R277 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-27 09:49h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.812000
title: Chemistry and isotope variations in primary precipitates for the Exuma Island region of the Bahamas
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690254
title: Radiosonde M69_R278 during METEOR cruise M69 on 1984-11-27 15:48h

description: Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690273
title: Radiosonde M6_R020 during METEOR cruise M6 on 1966-08-18 10:41h

description: Height of tropause 11050 m; Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.690287
title: Radiosonde M6_R035 during METEOR cruise M6 on 1966-08-23 05:38h

description: Height of tropause 9730 m; Data processing by Wolfgang Gloeden, Maritime Klimaüberwachung (KU24), Deutscher Wetterdienst, http://www.dwd.de