cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126257.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Tissue-Specific Patterning of Host Innate Immune Responses by <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></b> α-Toxin

description: Immunomodulatory cytotoxins are prominent virulence factors produced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a leading cause of bacterial sepsis, skin infection, and pneumonia. <i>S. aureus </i>α-toxin is a pore-forming toxin that utilizes a widely expressed receptor, ADAM10, to injure the host epithelium, endothelium, and immune cells. As each host tissue is characterized by a unique composition of resident cells and recruited immune cells, the outcome of α-toxin-mediated injury may depend on the infected tissue environment. Utilizing myeloid lineage-specific <i>Adam10</i> knockout mice, we show that α-toxin exerts tissue-specific effects on innate immunity to staphylococcal infection. Loss of ADAM10 expression exacerbates skin infection, yet affords protection against lethal pneumonia. These diverse outcomes are not related to altered immune cell recruitment, but rather correlate with a defect in toxin-induced IL-1β production. Extension of these studies through analysis of ADAM10 double-knockout mice affecting both the myeloid lineage and either the skin or lung epithelium highlight the prominence of toxin-induced injury to the epithelium in governing the outcome of infection. Together, these studies provide evidence of tissue specificity of pore-forming cytotoxin action in the modulation of host immunity, and illustrate that the outcome of infection is a collective manifestation of all effects of the toxin within the tissue microenvironment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126239
title: Supplementary Material for: Present Status and Road Map to Achieve Inclusive and Holistic Care for Dementia in a Japanese Community: Analysis Using the Delphi Method

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Dementia is a priority issue in the public health realm. However, few reports address problems of dementia in the real world or provide comprehensive road maps to solve these problems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Nine groups of questions covering 4 topics were discussed using the Delphi method, relating to (1) current achievements and challenges regarding inclusive and holistic care in the community, (2) patients who are at a high risk of being excluded from care, (3) suggestions for a road map for the establishment of better and more inclusive medical and social care, and (4) unmet needs of patients with dementia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 477 opinions were obtained. Family issues, psychological/behavioral symptoms, and complications secondary to physical disorders are main factors for being excluded from care. To create a road map for care we have to address the topics of reaffirming care principles, multidisciplinary coalitions, and education for stakeholders. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Further effective collaboration to promote dementia care is required.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126242
title: Supplementary Material for: Association Study of <b><i>GABRG2</i></b> Polymorphisms with Suicidal Behaviour in Schizophrenia Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder where the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, has been implicated in its aetiopathophysiology. Several genes coding for GABA<sub>A</sub> subunits, including the <i>GABRG2</i> gene that encodes the γ<sub>2</sub> subunit, are clustered at 5q31-q35, a chromosomal region that is associated with schizophrenia in genome scan studies. We recently reported <i>GABRG2</i> to be associated with schizophrenia in our case-control and family samples. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We tested eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the <i>GABRG2</i> gene for an association with suicidal behaviour in our schizophrenia sample of European ancestry (n = 197), taking into account history of alcohol abuse or dependence. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found the haplotypes of the rs183294 and rs209356 markers to be significantly associated with history of suicide attempt (p &lt; 0.01) as well as suicide specifier scores (p &lt; 0.05). The association appeared to be originating in patients with a history of alcohol dependence or abuse. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that <i>GABRG2</i> may be involved in suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients with alcohol dependence or abuse, but replications are required. These results may help in the discovery of novel treatments for alcoholism and/or prevention of suicide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126236
title: Supplementary Material for: Italian Deprivation Index and Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Children: A Multilevel Bayesian Analysis

description: Evidence from the literature has shown that people with a lower socioeconomic status enjoy less good health than people with a higher socioeconomic status. The Italian deprivation index (DI) was used with the aim to evaluate the association between the DMFT index and risk factors for dental caries, including city population and DI. The study included 4,305 12-year-old children living in 38 cities classified by demographic size as small, midsize and large. Zero-inflated negative binomial multilevel regression models were used to assess risk factors for DMFT and to address excess of zero DMFT and overdispersion through a Bayesian approach. The difference in the average level of DMFT among children living in cities with different DI quintile was not statistically significant (p = 0.578). The DI and ln(population), included as city-level fixed effects in the two-level variance components model, were not statistically significant. Consuming sweet drinks on average increased the mean DMFT of a susceptible child, while having a highly educated mother reduced it. Unobserved heterogeneity among cities was detected for the probability to be non-susceptible to caries (city-level variance = 0.26 with 95% credibility interval 0.09-0.57), while no territorial effect was found for the mean DMFT of the susceptible children. Our results suggest that the DI and city population did not play a role in explaining between-city variability. Interventions against social deprivation can be influential on the perception of oral health in Italian 12-year-old children to the extent that they can also affect individual level factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126242.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Association Study of <b><i>GABRG2</i></b> Polymorphisms with Suicidal Behaviour in Schizophrenia Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder where the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, has been implicated in its aetiopathophysiology. Several genes coding for GABA<sub>A</sub> subunits, including the <i>GABRG2</i> gene that encodes the γ<sub>2</sub> subunit, are clustered at 5q31-q35, a chromosomal region that is associated with schizophrenia in genome scan studies. We recently reported <i>GABRG2</i> to be associated with schizophrenia in our case-control and family samples. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We tested eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the <i>GABRG2</i> gene for an association with suicidal behaviour in our schizophrenia sample of European ancestry (n = 197), taking into account history of alcohol abuse or dependence. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found the haplotypes of the rs183294 and rs209356 markers to be significantly associated with history of suicide attempt (p &lt; 0.01) as well as suicide specifier scores (p &lt; 0.05). The association appeared to be originating in patients with a history of alcohol dependence or abuse. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that <i>GABRG2</i> may be involved in suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients with alcohol dependence or abuse, but replications are required. These results may help in the discovery of novel treatments for alcoholism and/or prevention of suicide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126245.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Review of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Neuroimaging Studies

description: The clinical efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) has undergone extensive study and review. Recently, researchers have studied the effects of this treatment on brain metabolic or synaptic activity, but the collective findings have never been reviewed. The objective of this review was to describe the findings of all neuroimaging studies of any form of PDT treatment. An extensive literature search through databases along with surveying of research groups were undertaken to acquire all available published studies. Eleven series were included in the final sample, consisting of 2 randomized controlled trials, 5 controlled trials and 4 case series, altogether involving 210 people: 94 healthy controls and 116 people with mood disorders, panic disorder, somatoform disorders and borderline personality disorder. A variety of neuroimaging techniques were used to examine regional metabolic activity and synaptic neurotransmission before and after treatment. The common finding was normalization of synaptic or metabolic activity in limbic, midbrain and prefrontal regions, occurring in association with improved clinical outcomes. PDT has demonstrable effects on brain function in diverse clinical populations as evidenced by a modest group of mixed neuroimaging studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126227
title: Supplementary Material for: Chlorthalidone for Poorly Controlled Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Interventional Pilot Study

description: To test the hypothesis that thiazide-type diuretics effectively lower blood pressure (BP) in moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated GFR 20-45 ml/min/ 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), after confirming poorly controlled hypertension with 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, chlorthalidone was added to existing medications in a dose of 25 mg/day, and the dose doubled every 4 weeks if the BP remained elevated. The average age of the 14 subjects was 67.5 years, a median of 4 antihypertensive drugs were used and estimated GFR was 26.8 ± 8.8 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Twelve subjects completed the 12-week treatment phase, and the 24-hour BP, which was 143.1/75.1 mm Hg at baseline, was reduced by 10.5/ 3.1 mm Hg (p = 0.01/p = 0.17). Home BP prior to initiating chlorthalidone was 152.4/82.6 mm Hg and fell at 4, 8, and 12 weeks by 10.2/4.8, 13.4/6.0, and 9.4/3.7 mm Hg (all p &lt; 0.05). Maximal reduction in body weight and total body volume (measured by air displacement plethysmography) was seen at 8 weeks, concurrent with the maximal elevation in serum creatinine concentration and plasma renin activity. Albuminuria was significantly reduced by 40-45%. Adverse events were seen following chlorthalidone therapy in 7 subjects who experienced 18 events as follows: hypokalemia (n = 4), hyperuricemia (4), hyponatremia (3), transient creatinine changes (3), dizziness (2), hyperglycemia (1), and constipation (1). One subject had ischemic stroke during the study. In conclusion, among people with moderate to advanced CKD with poorly controlled hypertension, chlorthalidone may significantly reduce BP via volume contraction; a randomized trial is needed to define the risks and benefits. Adverse effects may occur within a few weeks and should be carefully monitored.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126236.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Italian Deprivation Index and Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Children: A Multilevel Bayesian Analysis

description: Evidence from the literature has shown that people with a lower socioeconomic status enjoy less good health than people with a higher socioeconomic status. The Italian deprivation index (DI) was used with the aim to evaluate the association between the DMFT index and risk factors for dental caries, including city population and DI. The study included 4,305 12-year-old children living in 38 cities classified by demographic size as small, midsize and large. Zero-inflated negative binomial multilevel regression models were used to assess risk factors for DMFT and to address excess of zero DMFT and overdispersion through a Bayesian approach. The difference in the average level of DMFT among children living in cities with different DI quintile was not statistically significant (p = 0.578). The DI and ln(population), included as city-level fixed effects in the two-level variance components model, were not statistically significant. Consuming sweet drinks on average increased the mean DMFT of a susceptible child, while having a highly educated mother reduced it. Unobserved heterogeneity among cities was detected for the probability to be non-susceptible to caries (city-level variance = 0.26 with 95% credibility interval 0.09-0.57), while no territorial effect was found for the mean DMFT of the susceptible children. Our results suggest that the DI and city population did not play a role in explaining between-city variability. Interventions against social deprivation can be influential on the perception of oral health in Italian 12-year-old children to the extent that they can also affect individual level factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126239.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Present Status and Road Map to Achieve Inclusive and Holistic Care for Dementia in a Japanese Community: Analysis Using the Delphi Method

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Dementia is a priority issue in the public health realm. However, few reports address problems of dementia in the real world or provide comprehensive road maps to solve these problems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Nine groups of questions covering 4 topics were discussed using the Delphi method, relating to (1) current achievements and challenges regarding inclusive and holistic care in the community, (2) patients who are at a high risk of being excluded from care, (3) suggestions for a road map for the establishment of better and more inclusive medical and social care, and (4) unmet needs of patients with dementia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 477 opinions were obtained. Family issues, psychological/behavioral symptoms, and complications secondary to physical disorders are main factors for being excluded from care. To create a road map for care we have to address the topics of reaffirming care principles, multidisciplinary coalitions, and education for stakeholders. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Further effective collaboration to promote dementia care is required.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126221
title: Supplementary Material for: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Detect Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Normal Echocardiography

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious complication of pulmonary embolism (PE). Taking into account the reported incidence of CTEPH after acute PE, the number of patients with undiagnosed CTEPH may be high. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to determine if cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) could serve as complementary tool in the diagnosis of CTEPH and can detect CTEPH in patients with normal echocardiography. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> At diagnosis, we analyzed the data of CPET parameters in 42 patients with proven CTEPH and 51 controls, and evaluated the performance of two scores. <b><i>Results:</i></b> VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> slope, EQO<sub>2</sub>, EQCO<sub>2</sub>, P(A-a)O<sub>2</sub>, end-tidal partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> at anaerobic threshold (PETCO<sub>2</sub>) and capillary to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient [P(c-ET)CO<sub>2</sub>] were significantly different between patients with CTEPH and controls (p &lt; 0.001). P(c-ET)CO<sub>2</sub> was the single parameter with the highest sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (88.2%). A score combining VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> slope, P(A-a)O<sub>2</sub>, P(c-ET)CO<sub>2</sub>, PETCO<sub>2</sub> [4-parameter-CPET (4-P-CPET) score] reached a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 92.2% after cross-validation. In 42 patients with CTEPH, echocardiography identified PH in 29 patients (69%), but it was normal in 13 patients (31%). All patients with normal or unmeasurable right ventricular systolic pressure had a pathological CPET. Twelve of the 13 patients (92%) were detected by both CPET scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> CPET is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for the detection of CTEPH in patients with suspected PH but normal echocardiography. The 4-P-CPET score provides a high sensitivity with the highest specificity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126230
title: Supplementary Material for: Combination of Cross-Sectional and Molecular Imaging Studies in the Localization of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

description: Molecular imaging modalities exploit aspects of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) pathophysiology for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic purposes. The characteristic metabolic pathways of NET determine which tracers are useful for their visualization. In this review, we summarize the diagnostic value of all available molecular imaging studies, present data about their use in daily practice in NET centers globally, and finally make recommendations about the appropriate use of those modalities in specific clinical scenarios. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) continues to have a central role in the diagnostic workup of patients with NET, as it is also widely available. However, and despite the lack of prospective randomized studies, many NET experts predict that Gallium-68 (<sup>68</sup>Ga)-DOTA positron emission tomography (PET) techniques may replace SRS in the future, not only because of their technical advantages, but also because they are superior in patients with small-volume disease, in patients with skeletal metastases, and in those with occult primary tumors. Carbon-11 (<sup>11</sup>C)-5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) PET and <sup>18</sup>F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (<sup>18</sup>F-DOPA) PET are new molecular imaging techniques of limited availability, and based on retrospective data, their sensitivities seem to be inferior to that of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA PET. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor imaging seems promising for localization of the primary in benign insulinomas, but is currently available only in a few centers. Fluorine-18 (<sup>18</sup>F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) PET was initially thought to be of limited value in NET, due to their usually slow-growing nature. However, according to subsequent data, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET is particularly helpful for visualizing the more aggressive NET, such as poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and well-differentiated tumors with Ki67 values &gt;10%. According to limited data, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-avid tumor lesions, even in slow-growing NET, may indicate a more aggressive disease course. When a secondary malignancy has already been established or is strongly suspected, combining molecular imaging techniques (e.g. <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA PET) takes advantage of the diverse avidities of different tumor types to differentiate lesions of different origins. All the above-mentioned molecular imaging studies should always be reviewed and interpreted in a multidisciplinary (tumor board) meeting in combination with the conventional cross-sectional imaging, as the latter remains the imaging of choice for the evaluation of treatment response and disease follow-up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126233
title: Supplementary Material for: Projections of Trends in Overweight in the Elderly Population in Germany until 2030 and International Comparison

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> To project the numbers of pre-obese (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m²) and obese (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m²) men and women aged 50+ in Germany until 2030 and to compare our estimates with actual figures from four European countries and the USA. Estimates are based on six scenarios encompassing improvements as well as worsenings of current trends. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used pooled data from 1999 to 2009 of the German Microcensus (n = 1,472,547). Using multinomial logistic regression models we estimated age-specific probabilities of pre-obesity and obesity and applied them to the 12th population projection of the Federal Statistical Office. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We project overall increases in absolute numbers of pre-obesity ranging between 14.2 and 18.2 million. However, the prevalence of pre-obesity is likely to decrease slightly. In contrast, absolute and relative numbers of obesity are projected to increase, ranging between 7.2 and 15.8 million. The international comparison revealed that pre-obesity prevalences will remain among the highest in Germany, while obesity is projected to fall below current levels of the UK or the USA. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Pre-obesity and, particularly, obesity are likely to become a more prominent health issue in Germany in the near future which could have large repercussions for the public health system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126224
title: Supplementary Material for: Identification of Responders to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is Tumor Volume Measurement the Way Forward?

description: Objectives: Early assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) response during sorafenib (SO) treatment is challenging, since tumor necrosis, extension and radiological appearance can be inhomogeneous. We evaluated the predictive value of different imaging criteria - such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), modified RECIST (mRECIST), tumor density and volume variations - in the early follow-up of SO treatment. Methods: The study included 22 patients. CT images from baseline and 2 months were reviewed to assess response according to RECIST 1.1, mRECIST, EASL, Choi's criteria (decreased tumor density by ≥15%) and arterial-enhancing tumor volume ratio; α-fetoprotein (AFP) variations were expressed as AFP ratio. Results: The response criteria and volume measurements were reproducible (k &gt; 0.80). The overall disease control rate was 40.9% by EASL and mRECIST, and 27.3% by RECIST 1.1; a ≥15% decrease in tumor density was observed in 9 patients (40.9%). The mean volume ratio was 1.73 ± 2.12, the mean AFP ratio 14 ± 37. The 1-year survival rate was 65.9%. Volume ratio was the only predictive factor for survival, with 1-year cumulative survival rates of 90% for volume ratios ≤1.1 and of 45.4% for volume ratios &gt;1.1 (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Tumor volume measurements are reproducible and might provide an early predictive marker of response in HCC patients treated with SO.