cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.37
title: CASE STUDY COMPARISONS OF THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ON SOCIAL HOUSING AFTER EARTHQUAKE

description: This research seeks to distinguish which factors influence the ecological footprint and what types of construction have the least environmental impact in a post-disaster social housing building. The first case study is a government social housing design, built with bamboo and concrete masonry blocks, and another design by Ensusitio, a private practice approach to social housing built with bamboo and earth. These houses were granted to victims of the April 2016 earthquake in the Ecuadorian coastal region. The investigation process was carried out based on primary research, which was used to understand how Ensusitio carried out the construction process of Meche's house and also based on a secondary investigation of government social housing. With this information, a comparison is made between them to determine which of the two has the least ecological footprint.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.38
title: CASE STUDY OF 3D SEISMIC PUSHOVER ANALYSIS OF INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGE

description: Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have a continuous deck monolithically encased into abutment stem, and typically using single row of piles to carry vertical loads and accommodate longitudinal thermal deformation. Except for smooth pavement and low maintenance cost, IABs have also outperformed conventional seat-type abutment bridges in seismic performance due to increased redundancy, higher damping, and smaller displacements. However, lack of information on their seismic design and performance may have discouraged their use in high seismic zones. In this study, current research and implementation of IABs are comprehensively reviewed. IABs with steel-concrete girders provided by NYDOT are chosen for intensive seismic case study. Three-dimensional finite element models of IABs for nonlinear seismic analysis are elaborated to capture the behavior of components of superstructure, abutment stem, piles, backfill, etc. Pushover analyses are carried out to obtain the capacity curves. Through parametric studies, the effects of bearing are outlined. Conclusions and some recommendations are made for seismic evaluation and design practice of IABs.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.39
title: CHALLENGES AND RISKS RELATING TO MEP ENGINEERING IN LARGE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

description: MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) systems are integral parts of modern buildings. Adequate conception, design, and installation of MEP systems are an essential prerequisite for a successful project. Experience has shown that the practical implementation of this aspect is often a challenge for the involved project stakeholders due to the increasing complexity of MEP systems. This raises the question of whether the field of MEP engineering is particularly sensitive to potential conflicts and disruptions in complex construction projects compared to other trades. In order to investigate these questions, a survey based on a standardized questionnaire was carried out among Austrian experts with experience in large building construction projects. Overall, 515 experts participated in this survey, with 365 completely answering the questionnaire. The results show that the participants consider proper project integration of MEP engineering as a critical success factor in complex construction projects. They also show that inadequate consideration of this aspect poses a substantial risk for project disruptions.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.40
title: CHALLENGES HINDERING THE ATTAINMENT OF SMART CITIES

description: The concept of smart cities has become a buzzword in most developing countries. Most professionals within developing countries are quick to adopt this idea in their every day discuss on developing the state of their nation, without actually considering what this concept means to the average individual on the streets. Even lesser consideration is given to the readiness of these developing nations in terms of adopting the concept of smart cities. It is based on this notion that this study, through the review of existing studies, assessed the readiness of cities in Nigeria in adopting the concepts needed for achieving smart cities. The study gives an insight on the challenges impeding the attainment of city smartness in the country. It was observed that solving the problems caused by rapid urbanization within cities is the first step towards making these cities "smart ready". Therefore, if cities in Nigeria are to attain city smartness, first looking inward and solving the endemic problems within these countries is necessary before adopting concepts of smart cities that have been mastered in developed countries. Although the submissions of this paper form part of a much larger ongoing study, it contributes to the body of knowledge as it brings to light the challenges that must be solved if cities in Nigeria are to ever become smart.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.41
title: CHALLENGES OF USING NON-DEGRADABLE WASTE MATERIAL POLYSTYRENE PACKING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

description: Weight and Environmental concerns are two elements that have made the search for alternative materials of construction critical in today's construction industry. The importance of finding a solution to the problem has given rise to the use of nondegradable materials. This study examines the challenges of making such material as polystyrene used in product packaging a part of the structural element in construction. Such adventure it is envisaged reduced the volume and number of landfill sites in Nigeria where air pollution arising from dump sites affects the health of citizens. To achieve this aim, Styrofoam was used as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate (granite) by volume. The replacement was carried out in varying percentages of 10, 20 and 30% Styrofoam concretes respectively with a concrete mix ratio of 1:1:2. The result obtained showed that concrete produced using Styrofoam as the alternative aggregate possess lesser values of compressive strength when compared with the control of conventional concrete without Styrofoam. The optimal percentage of a replacement for Styrofoam concrete was 10% with a compressive strength of 21.33 N/mm2 while the control concrete had a compressive strength of 33.26 N/mm2 . The loss of strength of Styrofoam concrete is compensated by the reduction of the requirement for landfill sites and the attendant pollution generated while the concrete can be used for non-structural elements in construction.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.42
title: CHANCES AND RISKS OF COMBINED PRICING

description: Appropriate costing creates a plausible, reliable basis for determining the bid price. One of the key requirements that applicable laws, standards, and guidelines stipulate for (structural) specifications is that works should be specified clearly, completely and objectively so as to ensure bid comparability. Furthermore, cost estimates should be possible for the specified works (excluding non-quantifiable risks). The specifying party usually requires combined pricing because works related to various structural components, construction trades, subsoil types, rebar diameters etc. that necessitate a variety of types and combinations of production factors are merged into a single item. Combined pricing occurs whenever a unit price is to be derived from different cost estimates with respect to the utilization of production factors. This means that bidders intending to develop an activity-based costing model would have to know the type of work or service, the underlying conditions for performing the work, and the associated timeframe (i.e. project start, binding milestones, project end). This paper investigates if combined pricing items meet these requirements whilst putting a particular focus on the relevance of combined pricing to construction management and economics, including construction expert opinions on the chances and risks of this approach. For this purpose, this paper primarily deals with reinforcing works.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.43
title: CLAYEY SOIL TREATED BY CEMENT AND QUICKLIME BY MICROSTRUCTURE: A MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS

description: Soft clayey soil was treated by a combination of cement (PC) and Quicklime (LQ) in order to modify and stability. This study shows an improvement of clay soil brought from Garma Ali site in the Al Basra governorate, Iraq. The PC was added in percentages of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, and LQ was added to 2 and 4%, of dry weight. Also, this research used Microstructure Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) testing and Mineralogical Analysis by X Ray Diffraction (XRD) testing on the examination soil treated with mix between cement (PC) and Quicklime (LQ) for the purpose of knowing the reasons for the increase in the shear strength and decrease maximum dry density. Through the micrographs that result from the scanning electron microscoping and the curves of X-ray that demonstrate presentence, the formation of the hydration reaction product (CSH gel) shows tiny bristle (rod) crystals. The CSH gel and the tiny bristle (rod) crystals worked on coating and contact the particles together. The micrographs for soils treated with (2% LQ + 10% PC) show an increase in the amount hydrated gel (CSH) compared to the soil treated with 6% PC and 2% LQ and 8% PC and 4% LQ, but the number of bristlelike crystals decreases compared to soil treated by 8% PC and 4% LQ.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.44
title: COLLAPSE AND BUCKLING OF STAINLESS STEEL PRESTRESSED STAYED COLUMNS

description: Buckling and collapse of stainless steel elements loaded in compression are studied experimentally and numerically. Based on four tests of single crossarm stayed columns the numerical analysis using ANSYS software package is validated and presented in a detail. First, for a completeness, the study refers to columns with one central crossarm, but the main emphasis is devoted to columns with two crossarms located in the thirds of the element length. The analysis employed geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis (GMNIA) to respect a change of inner energy during buckling of an "ideal" (perfect) column, initial deflections of an "imperfect" column (covering various initial deflection modes and amplitude values) and nonlinear stress-strain relationship belonging to stainless steel material. The results cover both critical buckling and maximal collapse loads of the columns in compression. Finally, the important comparisons of the load capacities concerning stayed columns in compression with one/two crossarms and ratios of critical/maximal loadings, elastic/inelastic material and fixed/sliding support of the stays at the crossarms are provided. Conclusions comprise evaluation of these results and principal recommendations for the design of stayed columns.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.45
title: COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF TWO DESIGN METHODS FOR SLAB-ON-GRADE FOUNDATIONS SUBJECTED TO CONCENTRATED LOADS

description: The concrete slab-on-grade is a type of shallow foundation commonly used in warehouse and other industrial facilities. The slab is constructed in formwork set into the ground with concrete poured directly onto compacted subgrade. Slab-on-grade foundations designed by the traditional linear elastic method may have overly conservative slab thicknesses. As the slab-on-grade foundation can account for up to 15% of construction costs for the projects in which they are employed, reduction in the slab thickness can result in significant cost savings. An alternate design method (Shentu et al. 1997) has been proposed but has not been widely accepted due to lack of confidence in its correlation with test results. The objectives of this study were to experimentally define a reasonable factor of safety for the Shentu method and compare with the traditional design method. Test slabs of varying thicknesses, 5 ft by 5 ft in area, were built on top of compacted local soils and aggregates inside a testing box and tested to failure under static loads to simulate storage rack post loads
description: companion slabs were constructed on top of compacted soils and aggregates and field-tested. Concrete mixes with and without fibers were used in the study. Factors of safety were determined. Test results indicate that the Shentu method is too liberal in its computations while the traditional design method is overly conservative.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.46
title: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE BENDING PROPERTIES FOR TWO TYPES OF COMPOSITE BEAMS

description: The difference between the steel and concrete composite-laminated action beam and the double steel and concrete composite action beam is in the connection of the top concrete slab and the steel top flange. The bending properties about the compositelaminated beam and the double composite beam in the negative flexural region are investigated in this paper. The relation of the cross section bending moment-curvature for the two types of composite beams under the action of negative bending moment are drawn by the whole process analysis method, and then the corresponding cracking moment, elastic ultimate bending moment and plastic ultimate bending moment are obtained. The analysis results have a good agreement with test data. Although the sectional bending stiffness and bending-carrying capacity of the composite-laminated beam and the double composite beam are comparable in the elastic state, the crack resistance of the composite-laminated beam is much better than that of the double composite beam.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.47
title: COMPARISON OF OWNER AND CONTRACTOR PERSPECTIVES IN ESTABLISHING COST CONTROL STRUCTURE

description: Cost control is a part of cost management which is carried out by the project owner and the contractor throughout a project. However, the structures of the control function developed by each party generally differ since the purpose of the function and the level of the structure are not exactly the same. Contractors have several advantages while building a cost control system such as more detailed information about the project, more background, more dedicated personnel, specifically developed software etc. Therefore, contractors have a broader vision on the issue. Owners need to utilize cost control systems not only for common reasons but also due to some specific necessities. Unlike contractors, owners have to capitalize projects just before they put their investments into operation. This paper intends to focus the necessities prioritized by the owners and contractors on the issue. A comparison will be made to distinguish the differences between the cost perspectives of project owners and contractors. An assessment will be done of the matters that owners pay attention while establishing a cost control structure in light of the experiences practiced in oil and gas projects. Thus, the important points which should be better to consider by the owners' project control teams will be advised.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.48
title: COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION OF HYGROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE OF PLASTERS WITH ENHANCED MOISTURE ACCUMULATION CAPABILITY

description: Series of computational simulations are performed within this paper in order to investigate the hygrothermal response of several plasters with enhanced accumulation properties. The newly developed plasters are modified from the reference sample by adding various amounts of super absorbent polymers. Then, the basic physical, thermal and hygric properties are determined in the laboratory conditions and subsequently used as an input parameter in the computational simulations. The simulation output showed that even a thin layer of exterior and interior plaster may significantly affect the hygrothermal performance of the entire building envelope due to increased moisture and thermal buffering of the surface layers. Differences in relative humidity distribution across the studied construction were generally up to 10 % between individual plasters, differences of temperature distribution were mostly negligible, except for the cases when sudden changes of surface temperature were observed. Then, the thermal buffering was evident and the differences of temperature in surface layers were up to 4 ฐC among studied plasters.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.49
title: CONCEPTUAL BIG DATA CASE STUDY TO IDENTIFYING RISKS OF NEW NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES

description: New technologies associated with nuclear power plants are being introduced regularly. However, many of the risks and uncertainties associated with these new nuclear technologies have yet to be identified. In this study, the risks related to newlydeveloped nuclear technologies were determined through an extensive review of the extant literature. A qualitative visual content analysis was selected as the research method employed to identify words repeatedly occurring in 147 journal articles. Through this conceptual "big data" approach, frequently mentioned words were identified using a co-occurrence map. The analysis results were then grouped into four categories: fuel resources, operational system designs, nuclear reactor cooling systems, and steam generators. Words used repeatedly to reference these four key categories were determined to also represent potential causes of risk factors. Many texts could be analyzed in a short period of time through the use of visual content analysis software. Frequently emphasized correlating words were then identified. This big data approach can also be applied to additional nuclear power practices to identify other uncertainties. Last, the limitations of a visual content analysis employed as a risk identification approach were revealed through this study.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.50
title: CONCEPTUAL STAKEHOLDER THEORY IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

description: Stakeholder management is an important part of management notion particularly in project management today. In recent years, the concept of stakeholder grows comprehensively among academics and professionals. Despite the widespread stakeholder management, the theory is not straightforward to understand and apply. One of the reasons is the number of theories in literature. Literature reviews reveal the following as stakeholder management theories: normative, instrumental, descriptive, convergent stakeholder and social science stakeholder theories. The research employs existing literature to develop a contemporary understanding of stakeholder management theory of stakeholder management. This paper contributes to the stakeholder management theory by presenting the new concept of stakeholder management theory using two cultures (Western and Chinese cultures in Africa). These management approaches can be classified as Western and Chinese models. The Western model is contractual by nature, while the Chinese model is characterized by informality (guanxi). The new stakeholder management theory called "Accustom theory". The new stakeholder management theory developed "Accustom theory" had a lot to do with the stakeholder management in project management. It deals with hard skills, soft skills, and the power structure skills. This paper contributes to stakeholder management theory by presenting accustom theory as a new perspective of stakeholder management theory. The new theory aims to improve the practice of project management by presenting how formality, participation and communication levels in projects improve stakeholders' satisfaction.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.51
title: CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY FOR STRAIN GAGE INSTALLATION IN AIRPORT PAVEMENTS

description: Installing strain gages in a pavement can give useful information on pavement distress before visible marks appear on the pavement surface. The installation of sensors at existing and busy airports comes at a price, with a very short construction window, because of the need for least disruption to air traffic owing to the expensive concessions paid by airlines almost a year in advance. As such, a proposed project on a runway at Kahului airport, Maui, Hawaii could only be granted three six-hour nights, from 11 pm to 5 am, while Honolulu airport executed a project on a taxiway that has a 7-day window, on which this article will focus. Among the many constraints both for construction and airport safety is the requirement that concrete attain 5000-psi strength before the taxiway is reopened to air traffic. This means that the major work of concreting on the taxiway must be completed before the end of the 4th day of the construction window. Thus, scheduling must be done in 15-minute slots. In addition, precision is key, and high productivity is required. This article describes the construction method behind this unique project.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.52
title: COST OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES ALLOCATION FOR MULTI-PROJECTS

description: As the construction industry grows year by year, optimization of resources is becoming essential to reduce their required number, their costs and as a consequence the total cost of the project. Project managers have to face problems regarding management of cost, time, and available resources for single projects. What is more challenging is to optimize the available resources for multiple projects, which would result in appreciable savings. Most of the companies in the construction industry
description: commonly
description: optimize the resources for single project. However, with the presence of several mega projects in many developing countries running at the same time, there is a need for a model to enhance the efficiency of available resources among multiple simultaneous projects. This paper discusses a numerical model of cost optimization and allocation of up to nine resources for up to three projects for a given company, taking into consideration the transportation of resources from one project to another and the cost of unused resources. The model was developed using a genetic algorithm, and it is used on the identified critical resources. It calculates the cost of each resource, minimizes the cost of extra resources, cost of unused resources, and generates the schedule of each project within a selected overall program.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2019.53
title: CRITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING BUILDING GRADUATES' EMPLOYABILITY IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY

description: Schools of higher learning are endowed with the prerogative of churning out employable graduates to the workplace. This can only be achieved by measuring the need-thermometer in skills and capacities required in the industry in comparison with the education provided by the higher institutions. The study was aimed at evaluating the critical factors that influence building graduates' employability in a developing economy. Using an employer-academia perspective, a cross-section survey system through a questionnaire instrument provided information on graduate employability in the built environment industry. Top management officials in construction industry and academia in the built environment in schools of higher learning in Lagos and Ogun State provided the data for the study. Statistical tools such as stacked bars and Linear Regression was used in presenting the data. The study revealed major skills (communication, teamwork, professional expertise/problem-solving, self-management, planning and organizing, ICT, life-long learning, and initiative/enterprise) required by employers in the construction industry. The study showed that teaching strategies and curriculum content can influence building graduates' employability. In conclusion, the study developed a framework for increasing building graduates' employability to align with the skills needed by employers in the built environment in a developing economy. It is recommended that schools of higher learning need to continually measure the needs of the industry and incorporate findings into a robust construction curriculum. Work-learning settings should be encouraged for construction students.