DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v1kh40j
title: Data from: Origins of global mountain plant biodiversity: testing the “mountain-geobiodiversity hypothesis”

description: Aim Our objective is to analyse global-scale patterns of mountain
 biodiversity (vascular plants) and the driving forces leading to the
 observed patterns. More specifically, we test the “mountain
 geobiodiversity hypothesis” (MGH) which is based on the assumption that it
 is not mountain-uplift alone which drives the evolution of mountain
 biodiversity, but rather the combination of geodiversity evolution and
 Neogene and Pleistocene climate changes. Hence, we address the following
 questions: 1) Do areas of high geodiversity and high biodiversity in
 mountains overlap, i.e., can mountain geodiversity predict mountain
 biodiversity? 2) What is the role of Pleistocene climate change in shaping
 mountain biodiversity? 3) Did diversification rate shifts occur
 predominantly with the onset of more pronounced climate fluctuations in
 the late Neogene and Pleistocene fostering a “species pump” effect, as
 predicted by the MGH? Location Global. Methods We used generalized linear
 models to test to what extent vascular plant species diversity in
 mountains can be explained by net primary productivity, geodiversity and
 Pleistocene climate fluctuations (i.e., changes in temperature between the
 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and today). In addition, we compiled dates of
 diversification rate shifts from mountain systems and investigated whether
 these shifts occurred predominantly before or after the global major
 climatic fluctuations of the late Neogene and Pleistocene. Results Both
 net primary productivity and elevation range show a positive relationship,
 whereas Pleistocene climatic fluctuations show a negative impact on plant
 species diversity. The availability of climatic niche space during the LGM
 differs markedly among mountain systems. Shifts to higher diversification
 rates or starts of radiations showed the highest concentration from the
 late Miocene towards the Pleistocene, supporting the MGH. The most
 commonly inferred drivers of diversification were key innovations,
 geological processes (uplift), and climate. Main conclusions Our analyses
 point towards an important role of historical factors, i.e., Pleistocene
 climatic changes, on mountain plant species richness. Mountain systems
 characterised by small elevational ranges and strong modifications of
 temperature profiles appear to harbour fewer radiations. In contrast,
 mountain systems with the largest elevational ranges and stronger overlap
 between today´s and LGM temperature profiles are also those where most
 plant radiations were identified.
description: GIS
 Shapefiles Zip file with all
 polygon shapefiles used in this study (see Table S1 for
 details). Shapefiles.zip
 
 Geodiversity
 summary statistics Geodiversity Index (GD)
 summary statistics for all regions included in this study.
 Geodiversity.xlsx
 
 R-Script
 Script to plot
 relative frequency distributions of present-day temperatures during the
 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (Appendix S2). R-Script-jbi_13715.2.R MODIS MOD17 Net Primary Production (NPP) for 2000 - 2015 MODIS MOD17 annual/30-arcsec Net Primary Production (NPP) for 2000 - 2015 in a convenient GIS-friendly GeoTIFF format. Please see http://www.ntsg.umt.edu/project/modis/mod17.php for an overview of the MOD17 model and data product, and please see README_MOD17A3_Science_NPP_mean_00_15.txt for further details. The direct link to access the file from NTSG is http://files.ntsg.umt.edu/data/NTSG_Products/MOD17/GeoTIFF/MOD17A3/GeoTIFF_30arcsec/MOD17A3_Science_NPP_mean_00_15.tif If you reuse this file, please cite the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, MODIS GPP/NPP Project (MOD17).