cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c6n53
title: Data from: Pollinator shifts between Ophrys sphegodes populations: might adaptation to different pollinators drive population divergence?

description: Local adaptation to different pollinators is considered one of the
 possible initial stages of ecological speciation as reproductive isolation
 is a by-product of the divergence in pollination systems. However,
 pollinator-mediated divergent selection will not necessarily result in
 complete reproductive isolation, because incipient speciation is often
 overcome by gene flow. We investigated the potential of pollinator shift
 in the sexually deceptive orchids Ophrys sphegodes and Ophrys exaltata and
 compared the levels of floral isolation vs. genetic distance among
 populations with contrasting predominant pollinators. We analysed floral
 hydrocarbons as a proxy for floral divergence between populations. Floral
 adoption of pollinators and their fidelity was tested using pollinator
 choice experiments. Interpopulation gene flow and population
 differentiation levels were estimated using AFLP markers. The Tyrrhenian
 O. sphegodes population preferentially attracted the pollinator bee
 Andrena bimaculata, whereas the Adriatic O. sphegodes population
 exclusively attracted A. nigroaenea. Significant differences in scent
 component proportions were identified in O. sphegodes populations that
 attracted different preferred pollinators. High interpopulation gene flow
 was detected, but populations were genetically structured at species
 level. The high interpopulation gene flow levels independent of preferred
 pollinators suggest that local adaptation to different pollinators has not
 (yet) generated detectable genome-wide separation. Alternatively, despite
 extensive gene flow, few genes underlying floral isolation remain
 differentiated as a consequence of divergent selection. Different
 pollination ecotypes in O. sphegodes might represent a local selective
 response imposed by temporal variation in a geographical mosaic of
 pollinators as a consequence of the frequent disturbance regimes typical
 of Ophrys habitats.
description: Breitkopf_et_al_2013_JEB_Ophrys_sphegodes_AFLPAFLP binary data matrix for 95 individuals from seven populations of Ophrys sphegodes and O. exaltata. Loci in lines, individuals in columns. Identifiers: OSARG: O. sphegodes ssp. argentaria (Tuscany); OSCLA: O. sphegodes ssp. classica (Tuscany); OETUS: O. exaltata (Tuscany); OSGAR: O. sphegodes (Apulia); OEGAR: O. exaltata (Apulia); OSCUM: O. sphegodes (Campania); OECUM: O. exaltata (Campania);
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3kg03
title: Data from: Learning of efficient behaviour in spatial exploration through observation of behaviour of conspecific in laboratory rats

description: Recent studies have suggested that rodent behaviour is influenced by the
 behaviour of surrounding conspecifics (e.g. emotional contagion and
 prosocial behaviour). However, little is known about deferred imitation
 and complex observational learning in rats. The purpose of this study was
 to reveal whether rats can learn from another rat's experiences. In a
 maze, observer rats watched the foraging behaviour of other rats
 (demonstrators) and then foraged in turn. The results showed that
 demonstrators explored inefficiently, but observers explored more
 efficiently after observing inefficient exploration by the demonstrators.
 This observational learning probably involved the acquisition of an
 efficient strategy through spatial exploration.
description: Observational learning
 in rats raw datasheet1: Fig.2 &
 Table S1 efficiency data for regression analysis, sheet2: Fig.3 efficiency
 data for ANOVA, sheet3: Fig.4 & Fig.S1 efficiency data for regression
 analysis, sheet4: Fig.5 rearing data, sheet5: Fig.S1 error data, sheet6:
 Fig.S1 time dataTakano_2017_Raw
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.44ns0
title: Data from: Reproductive strategy of the polyploid species Varronia curassavica jacq. in restinga environment

description: This study aimed to elucidate the breeding strategies of Varronia
 curassavica, an important medicinal species associated with Brazilian
 restinga. This was accomplished by combining phenological and genetic
 data. Every two weeks over a period of two years, we measured flowering
 and fruiting phenology to evaluate the activity and intensity of
 phenophases (n=60). We evaluated the mating system, pollen ovule ratio and
 genotypes from progeny and mother plants using eight nuclear
 microsatellite loci. We observed flowering and fruiting of V. curassavica
 at low intensity throughout the entire year, but with two distinct peaks,
 one of which was seasonal, corresponding to the period of gradual increase
 of temperature and photoperiod. Overlapping of flowering and fruiting
 strategies favors gene flow among different groups of individuals and
 between populations by atraction of fauna throughout the year. Analysis of
 the mating system indicates that V. curassavica is a typical outcrossed
 species (t = 0.98; P:O ratio = 7,087.50). Combining phenology with genetic
 studies improved our understanding of the reproductive strategies of this
 species. The typical outcrossing system of V. curassavica reflects the
 existence of functional self-incompatibility mechanisms still unaffected
 by changes in genetic balance by polyploidy.
description: Data of phenological
 observations - Varronia curassavicadata_fenology_V_curassavica.xlsxGenotype of progenies of Varronia curassavicaProgênies_input.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c06n3
title: Data from: Scale dependence of sex ratio in wild plant populations: implications for social selection

description: Social context refers to the composition of an individual's social
 interactants, including potential mates. In spatially structured
 populations, social context can vary among individuals within populations,
 generating the opportunity for social selection to drive differences in
 fitness functions among individuals at a fine spatial scale. In sexually
 polymorphic plants, the local sex ratio varies at a fine scale and thus
 has the potential to generate this opportunity. We measured the spatial
 distribution of two wild populations of the gynodioecious plant Silene
 vulgaris and show that there is fine-scale heterogeneity in the local
 distribution of the sexes within these populations. We demonstrate that
 the largest variance in sex ratio is among nearest neighbors. This
 variance is greatly reduced as the spatial scale of social interactions
 increases. These patterns suggest the sex of neighbors has the potential
 to generate fine-scale differences in selection differentials among
 individuals. One of the most important determinants of social interactions
 in plants is the behavior of pollinators. These results suggest that the
 potential for selection arising from sex ratio will be greatest when
 pollen is shared among nearest neighbors. Future studies incorporating the
 movement of pollinators may reveal whether and how this fine-scale
 variance in sex ratio affects the fitness of individuals in these
 populations.
description: READMEburkDists.csvComma-delimited data file containing the triplets of distances from each plant to each of the three GPS reference points.trilat.pyA simple Python trilateration script to convert the positions of each of the plants in burkDists.csv into GPS coordinates in decimal degrees.mergedUTM.tsvTab-delimited file containing the positional data used in all downstream analysis in R.scaleAnalysis.RAn R script that contains all of the analyses and plotting functions described in the methods of this manuscript. The script depends on a helper script formatData.R.formatData.RA helper R script that contains all of the data manipulation necessary to convert the raw data in mergedUTM.tsv into distance matricies for each population, and ultimately the long-form data frame of sex ratios at different spatial scales for all plant used in the scaleAnalysis.R script.
DOI: 10.25919/s8ze-gn45
title: Long-term project observations for project P1361 semester 2025OCTS_06

description: PSR J1227-6208 is a recycled pulsar in a binary with a massive white dwarf companion. A recent timing measurement from combined MeerKAT and Parkes observations shows the companion mass to be between 1.2 and 1.5 solar masses, very close to the Chandrasekhar limit, resulting in potentially profound physical implications. However, the timing precision is limited by the DM timing noise. We propose regular monitoring of this pulsar with the Parkes UWL receiver in conjunction with MeerKAT observations during the following four years. The joint monitoring will significantly improve the constraints on the Post-Keplerian parameters, with Parkes observations contributing to constrain the DM noise due to its large frequency bandwidth. These observations will be added to the already existing 11-year-long timing baseline, of which the later 5 years already include high-precision MeerKAT data and Parkes UWL data. After four years of further timing with the inclusion of UWL observations, we predict an uncertainty on the masses smaller than 0.01 solar masses based on simulations. If UWL is not included, the mass uncertainties may not improve beyond their current values.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5k4m2
title: Data from: Estimating selection through male fitness: three complementary methods illuminate the nature and causes of selection on flowering time

description: Our understanding of selection through male fitness is limited by the
 resource demands and indirect nature of the best available genetic
 techniques. Applying complementary, independent approaches to this problem
 can help clarify evolution through male function. We applied three methods
 to estimate selection on flowering time through male fitness in
 experimental populations of the annual plant Brassica rapa: (1) an
 analysis of mating opportunity based on flower production schedules, (2)
 genetic paternity analysis, and (3) a novel approach based on principles
 of experimental evolution. Selection differentials estimated by the first
 method disagreed with those estimated by the other two, indicating that
 mating opportunity was not the principal driver of selection on flowering
 time. The genetic and experimental evolution methods exhibited striking
 agreement overall, but a slight discrepancy between the two suggested that
 negative environmental covariance between age at flowering and male
 fitness may have contributed to phenotypic selection. Together, the three
 methods enriched our understanding of selection on flowering time, from
 mating opportunity to phenotypic selection to evolutionary response. The
 novel experimental evolution method may provide a means of examining
 selection through male fitness when genetic paternity analysis is not
 possible.
description: Three methods for
 estimating selection through male fitnessFolder contains R
 scripts and data for method 1 (mating opportunities based on flower
 schedules) and method 3 (experimental evolution method). R scripts and
 data for method 2 (genetic paternity analysis) available at Dryad
 doi:10.5061/dryad.5g5rp/1DRYAD
 data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.234d8
title: Data from: To call or not to call: parents assess the vulnerability of their young before warning them about predators

description: Communication about predators can reveal the effect of both conspecific
 and heterospecific audiences on signalling strategy, providing insight
 into signal function and animal cognition. In species that alarm call to
 their young, parents face a fundamental dilemma: calling can silence noisy
 offspring and so make them less likely to be overheard, but can also alert
 predators that young are nearby. Parents could resolve this dilemma by
 being sensitive to the current vulnerability of offspring, and calling
 only when young are most at risk. Testing whether offspring vulnerability
 affects parental strategy has proved difficult, however, because more
 vulnerable broods are often also more valuable. We tested experimentally
 whether parent white-browed scrubwren, Sericornis frontalis, assessed
 brood noisiness when alarm calling. When a model predator was nearby,
 parents gave more alarm calls when playbacks simulated noisy broods, yet
 brood noisiness did not affect adult calling when only a control model was
 present. Parents were therefore sensitive to the tradeoff between
 silencing young and alerting predators to the presence of nests. Our study
 demonstrates that receiver vulnerability can affect signalling decisions
 in species other than primates.
description: Parental response to
 playbacks and modelsParental vocal and
 physical response to playback treatments and model
 presentationsHaff&Magrath_ParentalCall_Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mn8b2
title: Data from: Local and landscape drivers of predation services in urban gardens

description: In agroecosystems, local and landscape features, as well as natural enemy
 abundance and richness are significant predictors of predation services
 that may result in biological control of pests. Despite the increasing
 importance of urban gardening for provisioning of food to urban
 populations, most urban gardeners suffer from high pest problems, and have
 little knowledge about how to manage their plots to increase biological
 control services. We examined the influence of local, garden scale (i.e.
 herbaceous and arboreal vegetation abundance and diversity, ground cover)
 and landscape (i.e. landscape diversity and surrounding land use types)
 characteristics on predation services provided by naturally occurring
 predators in 19 urban gardens in the California central coast. We
 introduced sentinel pests (moth eggs and larvae and pea aphids) onto
 greenhouse-raised plants taken to gardens and assigned to open or bagged
 (predator exclosure) treatments. We found high predation rates with
 between 40-90% of prey items removed in open treatments. Predation
 services varied with local and landscape factors, but significant
 predictors differed by prey species. Predation of eggs and aphids
 increased with vegetation complexity in gardens, but larvae predation
 declined with vegetation complexity. Smaller gardens experienced higher
 predation services, likely due to increases in predator abundance in
 smaller gardens. Several ground cover features influenced predation
 services. In contrast to patterns in rural agricultural landscapes,
 predation on aphids declined with increases in landscape diversity. In
 sum, we report the relationships between several local management factors,
 as well as landscape surroundings, and implications for garden management.
description: Philpott&Bichier
 Ecological Applications 2017, urban garden predationData describing site
 characteristics of urban gardens and predation / biological control
 services within those gardens in the California central coast in 2014 and
 2015. The data has five tabs - MetaData that explains variables, a site
 characteristics tab, and one tab each for information on prey removal of
 eggs, aphids, and larvae by predators in urban gardens.Philpott&Bichier_EcolAppl_2017_Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r7b018m
title: Data from: Human-induced reductions in fish predator boldness decrease their predation rates on prey in kelp forests

description: Humans have restructured food webs and ecosystems by depleting biomass,
 reducing size structure, and altering traits of consumers. However, few
 studies have examined the ecological impacts of human-induced trait
 changes across large spatial and temporal scales and species assemblages.
 We compared behavioural traits and predation rates by predatory fishes on
 standard squid prey in protected areas of different protection levels and
 ages, and found that predation rates were 6.5 times greater at old,
 no-take (&gt; 40 years) relative to new, predominantly partial-take
 areas (~8 years), even accounting for differences in predatory fish
 abundance, body size, and composition across sites. Individual fishes in
 old protected areas consumed prey at nearly twice the rate of fishes of
 the same species and size at new protected areas. Predatory fish exhibited
 on average 50% longer flight initiation distance and lower willingness to
 forage at new protected areas, which partially explains lower foraging
 rates at new relative to old protected areas. Our experiments demonstrate
 that humans can effect changes in functionally important behavioural
 traits of predator guilds at large (30 km) spatial scales within managed
 areas, which require protection for multiple generations of predators to
 recover bold phenotypes and predation rates, even as abundance rebounds.
description: Metadata for
 Human-initiated behaviorally-mediated indirect interactions reduce bold
 behaviors and decrease predation rates in new protected
 areasMetadata for data file
 from predation rate experiments conducted in Monterey Bay National Marine
 Sanctuary in 2015.MBNMS 2015
 Metadata.xlsxData for Human-initiated
 behaviorally-mediated indirect interactions reduce bold behaviors and
 decrease predation rates in new protected areasData file for predation
 rate experiments conducted in Monterey Bay National Marine Sancturary in
 2015.MBNMS
 2015.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76tr0
title: Data from: Intra- and trans-generational effects of larval diet on susceptibility to an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella

description: In addition to nutritional conditions experienced by individuals
 themselves, those experienced by their parents can affect their immune
 function. Here, we studied the intra- and trans-generational effects of
 larval diet on susceptibility to an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria
 bassiana, in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. In the first part
 of the study, a split-brood design was used to compare the susceptibility
 of full sibs raised either on low- or on high-nutrition larval diet. In
 the second part of the study, a similar experimental design was employed
 to investigate the effects of maternal and paternal diet as well as their
 interaction on offspring's susceptibility. In the first part of the
 study, we found that individuals fed with high-nutrition diet had higher
 mortality from infection than individuals fed with low-nutrition diet.
 However, diet did not affect post-infection survival time. Conversely, in
 the second part of the study, maternal diet was found to have no
 significant effect on final mortality rate of offspring, but it affected
 survival time: larvae with high-nutrition maternal diet survived fewer
 days after infection than larvae with low-nutrition maternal diet.
 Paternal diet had no significant effect on offspring's susceptibility
 to the fungus, indicating that paternal effects are not as important as
 maternal effects in influencing immune function in this species. Our
 findings provide further indication that maternal nutrition affects immune
 function in insects, and suggest that the direct effects of nutrition on
 immunity may be different, yet parallel, to those caused by parental
 nutrition.
description: The whole data from our
 study on intra- and transgenerational effects of larval diet on
 susceptibility to a fungus in Galleria mellonellaThis is the whole data,
 collected in a laboratory, from our study on intra- and trans-generational
 effects of larval diet on susceptibility to an entomopathogenic fungus,
 Beauveria bassiana, in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. The data
 file was created with Excel. Please note that as our study consisted of
 two experiments, data from these two experiments are in separate sheets in
 the data file. For description of the meaning of the variables in the data
 and of the codes used to describe values of each variable, please read the
 attached comments that are found at the column headings of each
 variable.Data_Kangassalo et
 al..xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1r7m0
title: Data from: Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River Watersheds of southern California

description: Much remains to be understood about the evolutionary history and
 contemporary landscape genetics of unarmored threespine stickleback in
 southern California, where populations collectively referred to as
 Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni have severely declined over the past
 70+ years and are now endangered. We used mitochondrial sequence and
 microsatellite data to assess the population genetics and phylogeography
 of unarmored populations sampled immediately downstream from the type
 locality of G. a. williamsoni in the upper Santa Clara River, and assessed
 their distinctiveness with respect to low-armor populations in the
 downstream sections of the river and the adjacent Ventura River. We also
 characterized the geographic limits of different plate morphs and
 evaluated the congruence of those boundaries with barriers to dispersal in
 both river systems and to neutral genetic variation. We show substantial
 population structuring within the upper reach of the Santa Clara River,
 but little partitioning between the lower Santa Clara and Ventura
 Rivers—we attribute these patterns to different ancestry between spatially
 subdivided populations within the same drainage, a predominance of
 downstream gene flow, and ability for coastal dispersal between the Santa
 Clara and Ventura Rivers. We also show that alleles from introduced
 low-plate stock have infiltrated a native population in at least one upper
 Santa Clara River tributary, causing this formerly unarmored population to
 become gradually low-plated over a 30 + year time period. Measures of
 genetic diversity, census surveys, and severe habitat disturbance all
 indicate that unarmored stickleback near the type locality are currently
 at high risk of extinction.
description: Richmond et al
 2014_mtDNAInterleaved Nexus file
 containing mtDNA sequence data (cytochrome b and partial control region)
 for Gasterosteus aculeatus from the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers,
 California
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4e5c4t
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 50 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Dioclea holtiana"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 50 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000786-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.