cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t701851
title: Data from: The presence of kleptoparasitic fledglings is associated with a reduced breeding success in the host family in the barn owl

description: Fledgling birds sometimes abandon their own nest and move to neighboring
 nests where they are fed by host parents. This behaviour, referred to as
 “nest‐switching”, is well known in precocial birds that are mobile soon
 after hatching and can easily reach foster nests. In contrast, due to the
 difficulty of observing nest‐switching in territorial altricial birds, the
 causes and consequences of moving to others’ nests are poorly known in
 this group of birds. Nest‐switchers can be adopted by the foster parents
 or they can steal food from the host parents meant for their offspring, a
 form of kleptoparasitism, which may result in reduced breeding success of
 the host nest. In Israel, 12 barn owl fledglings left their natal nests
 and were found in 9 host nests out of 111 monitored nests (8.1%).
 Nest‐switchers that fledged earlier in the breeding season flew shorter
 distances to reach host nests probably because the density of nests with
 younger nestlings is higher early in the season. The number of host
 nestlings fledged and the percentage of nestlings fledged was lower in
 host nests than in nest without switchers. The occasional nest‐switchers
 were always older than host nestlings (respectively 80 and 50 days of age,
 on average) and host parents fledged fewer young when nest‐switchers
 occupied host nests with younger nestlings. This suggests that
 nest‐switchers are kleptoparasites because the presence of the older alien
 fledglings is associated with a lower breeding success of the host
 parents.
description: Charter et al. 2018 J
 Avian Biol Klepto DataBreeding
 data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nj41rp3
title: Data from: Conspicuous signal evolution in heterogeneous environments

description: A fundamental prediction of reproductive signal evolution is that
 selection should favor male courtship signals that are conspicuous with
 respect to the surrounding media. However, many species live in
 heterogeneous environments where spatiotemporal variability can degrade
 the efficacy of signals tuned to specific conditions. One rarely
 considered solution to this problem is to evolve generalized signals that
 can effectively transmit information under most of the conditions that are
 likely to be encountered. Here, I present results from a study of a
 freshwater fish, the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) that are
 consistent with the hypothesis that sexually dimorphic body coloration has
 been driven by selection for conspicuousness under multiple environmental
 conditions. In choice tests, females showed no bias favoring a conspicuous
 black stimulus in simulated oligotrophic stream conditions, but showed a
 strong and equal bias for the black phenotype in simulated dystrophic and
 eutrophic streams. These data indicate that the evolution of signals that
 maximize achromatic contrast with the surrounding environment may be an
 effective mechanism for maintaining conspicuousness in heterogeneous
 visual environments. The repeated evolution of black color signals by
 stream fishes may therefore represent a specific example of this general
 evolutionary mechanism.
description: Behavioral
 dataTime spent in
 association with stimulus males under different light regimes, and binary
 preference designations based on those data used in GEE
 models.Trial
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pn2k8
title: Data from: Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: the case of the Dupont's lark

description: 1.The assessment of the effects of wind farms on bird populations is
 commonly based on collision fatality records. This could undervalue the
 effect of wind farms on small-sized birds. We evaluate the effect of wind
 turbines on occurrence, abundance and population trends of a threatened
 small passerine species, the Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti. To
 our knowledge, this is one of the first studies addressing the effect of
 wind farms on population trends using time series data from multiple wind
 farms. 2.We estimated population trends by fitting a switching linear
 trend model with the software TRIM (Trend & Indices for Monitoring
 data). We used multiannual data surveys of five populations in the
 presence of wind farms and nine in their absence (2008–2016 period).
 Furthermore, we fitted a logistic and a negative binomial regression model
 to test the effect of wind farm proximity on species occurrence and
 abundance in 2016, respectively. We incorporated local connectivity and
 habitat availability estimates in both models as predictors. 3.Results
 showed a negative trend overall, but that was significantly more
 regressive in the presence of wind farms: 21.0% versus 5.8% average annual
 decline in the absence of wind farms. 4.Dupont's lark occurrence and
 abundance in 2016 were negatively affected by measures of population
 isolation and positively affected by the distance to wind farms. 5.These
 results highlight the negative effect of isolation and wind farm proximity
 on Dupont's lark population parameters. Taking into account the
 metapopulation structure exhibited by the species in the study area, this
 work established a 4.5 km threshold distance from wind farms, beyond which
 Dupont's lark populations should be unaffected. 6.Synthesis and
 applications. This work highlights the negative impact of wind farms on
 small-sized birds and provides a 4.5 km threshold distance that should be
 taken into account in the design of future wind energy projects. Moreover,
 we suggest an analytical approach based on population trends, species
 abundance and occurrence variation in relation to wind farms, useful for
 the assessment of wind farm impacts on small-sized birds.
description: Gomez-Catasus_et_al-WindfarmsThe zip file incorporates: 1) the dataset (.csv); and 2) an explanation of the variables (.rtf)Gomez-Catasus-et-al_Windfarms.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.57fc0
title: Data from: Tc-MYBPA an Arabidopsis TT2-like transcription factor and functions in the regulation of proanthocyanidin synthesis in Theobroma cacao

description: Background: The flavan-3-ols catechin and epicatechin, and their
 polymerized oligomers, the proanthocyanidins (PAs, also called condensed
 tannins), accumulate to levels of up to 15 % of the total weight of dry
 seeds of Theobroma cacao L. These compounds have been associated with
 several health benefits in humans. They also play important roles in pest
 and disease defense throughout the plant. In Arabidopsis, the R2R3 type
 MYB transcription factor TT2 regulates the major genes leading to the
 synthesis of PA. Results: To explore the transcriptional regulation of the
 PA synthesis pathway in cacao, we isolated and characterized an R2R3 type
 MYB transcription factor MYBPA from cacao. We examined the spatial and
 temporal gene expression patterns of the Tc-MYBPA gene and found it to be
 developmentally expressed in a manner consistent with its involvement in
 PAs and anthocyanin synthesis. Functional complementation of an
 Arabidopsis tt2 mutant with Tc-MYBPA suggested that it can functionally
 substitute the Arabidopsis TT2 gene. Interestingly, in addition to PA
 accumulation in seeds of the Tc-MYBPA expressing plants, we also observed
 an obvious increase of anthocyanidin accumulation in hypocotyls. We
 observed that overexpression of the Tc-MYBPA gene resulted in increased
 expression of several key genes encoding the major structural enzymes of
 the PA and anthocyanidin pathway, including DFR (dihydroflavanol
 reductase), LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase) and BAN (ANR,
 anthocyanidin reductase). Conclusion: We conclude that the Tc-MYBPA gene
 that encodes an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor is an Arabidopsis TT2
 like transcription factor, and may be involved in the regulation of both
 anthocyanin and PA synthesis in cacao. This research may provide molecular
 tools for breeding of cacao varieties with improved disease resistance and
 enhanced flavonoid profiles for nutritional and pharmaceutical
 applications.
description: Mybphylo_mts
 filePhylogenetic tree MEGA
 mts file. File was generated in MEGA 4.Mybphylo_013011.mts
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2p61j
title: Data from: The spatial distribution of foragers and food patches can influence antipredator vigilance

description: Antipredator vigilance is a major component of defenses against predators
 for many prey species. For group foragers, such vigilance is predicted by
 models to decrease with group size reflecting better predator detection
 ability and risk dilution in larger groups. Influential vigilance models
 for group foragers have made simplifying and often quite restrictive
 assumptions. Prey species, for instance, are expected to search for
 resources in groups of fixed sizes although frequent changes in group
 sizes often occur while foraging. Groups of prey in the same area are also
 assumed to be attacked independently, but predators could sequentially
 target several local groups after a failed attempt. I propose a framework
 in which prey animals can form groups by joining feeding neighbors and
 also adjust their vigilance in these groups of varying sizes. Predators
 can attack one of the many groups that occur in the same area and can also
 target groups of specific sizes. I used a genetic algorithm approach to
 simultaneously tackle joining and vigilance choices by prey individuals. I
 show that joining tendencies and the effect of group size on vigilance can
 vary with forager population size, the spatial distribution of resources,
 and predator attack tactics. The modeling framework adopted here generates
 several novel predictions about vigilance and joining tendencies for group
 foragers, and highlights the importance of considering the availability
 and vulnerability of prey groups in the same habitat when predicting
 antipredator vigilance.
description: basicmodelFreeBASIC codes for the main model.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.16h1t
title: Data from: Polymorphisms at the innate immune receptor TLR2 are associated with Borrelia infection in a wild rodent population

description: The discovery of the key role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in initiating
 innate immune responses and modulating adaptive immunity has
 revolutionised our understanding of vertebrate defence against pathogens.
 Yet, despite their central role in pathogen recognition and defence
 initiation, there is little information on how variation in TLRs
 influences disease susceptibility in natural populations. Here we assessed
 the extent of naturally occurring polymorphisms at TLR2 in wild bank voles
 (Myodes glareolus) and tested for associations between TLR2 variants and
 infection with Borrelia afzelii, a common tick-transmitted pathogen in
 rodents and one of the causative agents of human Lyme disease. Bank voles
 in our population had 15 different TLR2 haplotypes (ten different
 haplotypes at the amino acid level), which grouped in three well-separated
 clusters. In a large-scale capture-mark-recapture study we show that voles
 carrying TLR2 haplotypes of one particular cluster (TLR2c2) were almost
 three times less likely to be Borrelia-infected than animals carrying
 other haplotypes. Moreover, neutrality tests suggested that TLR2 has been
 under positive selection. This is the first demonstration of an
 association between TLR polymorphism and parasitism in wildlife, and a
 striking example that genetic variation at innate immune receptors can
 have a large impact on host resistance.
description: TLR2_BorreliaBorrelia infection status of adult bank voles, their TLR2 genotype and sex
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3488j
title: Data from: Biomass responses to elevated CO2, soil heterogeneity and diversity: an experimental assessment with grassland assemblages

description: While it is well-established that the spatial distribution of soil
 nutrients (soil heterogeneity) influences the competitive ability and
 survival of individual plants, as well as the productivity of plant
 communities, there is a paucity of data on how soil heterogeneity and
 global change drivers interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem
 functioning. To evaluate the effects of elevated CO2, soil heterogeneity
 and diversity (species richness and composition) on productivity, patterns
 of biomass allocation and root foraging precision, we conducted an
 experiment with grassland assemblages formed by monocultures, two- and
 three-species mixtures of Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus
 lanatus. The experiment lasted for 90 days, and was conducted on
 microcosms built out of PVC pipe (length 38 cm, internal diameter 10 cm).
 When nutrients were heterogeneously supplied (in discrete patches),
 assemblages exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher
 total, above- and belowground biomass. Greater aboveground biomass was
 observed under elevated CO2. Species composition affected the
 below:aboveground biomass ratio and interacted with nutrient heterogeneity
 to determine belowground and total biomass. Species richness had no
 significant effects, and did not interact with either CO2 or nutrient
 heterogeneity. Under elevated CO2 conditions, the two- and three-species
 mixtures showed a clear trend towards underyielding. Our results show that
 differences among composition levels were dependent on soil heterogeneity,
 highlighting its potential role in modulating diversity–productivity
 relationships.
description: Biomass and yield data
 of monocultures and mixtures for the different treatment
 combinationsMaestre_Oecol151.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mt35d
title: Data from: Managing anabolic steroids in pre-hibernating Arctic ground squirrels: obtaining their benefits and avoiding their costs

description: Androgens have benefits, such as promoting muscle growth, but also
 significant costs, including suppression of immune function. In many
 species, these trade-offs in androgen action are reflected in regulated
 androgen production, which is typically highest only in reproductive
 males. However, all non-reproductive Arctic ground squirrels, irrespective
 of age and sex, have high levels of androgens prior to hibernating at
 sub-zero temperatures. Androgens appear to be required to make muscle in
 summer, which, together with lipid, is then catabolized during overwinter.
 By contrast, most hibernating mammals catabolize only lipid. We tested the
 hypothesis that androgen action is selectively enhanced in Arctic ground
 squirrel muscle because of an upregulation of androgen receptors (ARs).
 Using Western blot analysis, we found that Arctic ground squirrels have AR
 in skeletal muscle more than four times that of Columbian ground
 squirrels, a related southern species that overwinters at approximately
 0°C and has low pre-hibernation androgen levels. By contrast, AR in lymph
 nodes was equivalent in both species. Brain AR was also modestly but
 significantly increased in Arctic ground squirrel relative to Columbian
 ground squirrel. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
 tissue-specific AR regulation prior to hibernation provides a mechanism
 whereby Arctic ground squirrels obtain the life-history benefits and
 mitigate the costs associated with high androgen production.
description: AR.ags.cgs.trapping
 datatrapping data of the
 animals contributing contributing to the researchmonks.AR.Master.dataAndrogen receptor analysis that is the basis of the paper from the squirrels used
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.49t7030
title: Data from: Genetic architecture of quantitative flower and leaf traits in a pair of sympatric sister species of Primulina

description: Flowers and leaves each represent suites of functionally interrelated
 traits that are often involved in species divergence and local adaptation.
 However, a major unresolved issue is how the individual component traits
 that make up a complex trait such as a flower evolve in a coordinated
 fashion to retain a high degree of functionality. We use a quantitative
 trait loci (QTL) approach to elucidate the genetic architecture of
 divergence in flower and leaf traits between sister species of Primulina
 depressa and Primulina danxiaensis, which are found sympatrically, but in
 contrasting microhabitats. We found that flower traits were controlled by
 multiple QTL of small effect, while leaf physiological and morphological
 traits tend to be controlled by QTL of larger effect. The observed floral
 integration, manifested by a high degree overlap in both individual trait
 QTL and QTL for principal component scores (PCA QTL), may have been
 critical for evolutionary divergence of floral morphology in relation to
 their pollinators. This overlap suggests that direct selection on only one
 or a few of the component traits could have caused substantial divergence
 in other floral traits due to genetic correlations, while the lack of QTL
 overlap between floral and vegetative traits suggests that these trait
 suites are genetically unlinked and can evolve independently in response
 to different selective pressures corresponding to their distinct
 functions.
description: phenotypic data and
 QTLST scriptThis phenotypic data is
 what used for all phenotypic analyses and QTL identifying in our paper.
 And we shared scripts for QTL sign test and QTL Equal Effect
 test.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0c614
title: Data from: Ecological release from aquatic predation is associated with the emergence of marine blenny fishes onto land

description: An ecological release from competition or predation is a frequent adaptive
 explanation for the colonization of novel environments, but empirical data
 are limited. On the island of Rarotonga, several blenny fish species
 appear to be in the process of colonizing land. Anecdotal observations
 have implied that aquatic predation is an important factor in prompting
 such amphibious fish behavior. We provide evidence supporting this
 hypothesis by demonstrating that amphibious blennies shift their abundance
 up and down the shoreline to remain above predatory fishes that
 periodically move into intertidal areas during high tide. A predation
 experiment using blenny mimics confirmed a high risk of aquatic predation
 for blennies, significantly higher than predation experienced on land.
 These data suggest that predation has played an active role in promoting
 terrestrial activity in amphibious blennies and provide a rare example of
 how ecological release from predation could drive the colonization of a
 novel environment.
description: ORD_TJ-57310_aquatic_surveysORD_TJ-57310_terrestrial_surveysORD_TJ-57310_predation_experimentORD_TJ-57310_readme
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2n16f
title: Data from: How do growth and sibling competition affect telomere dynamics in the first month of life of long-lived seabird?

description: Telomeres are nucleotide sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that
 promote genome stability. Changes in telomere length (dynamics) are
 related to fitness or life expectancy, and telomere dynamics during the
 development phase are likely to be affected by growth and stress factors.
 Here, we examined telomere dynamics of black-tailed gull chicks (Larus
 crassirostris) in nests with and without siblings. We found that the
 initial telomere lengths of singletons at hatching were longer than those
 of siblings, indicating that singletons are higher-quality chicks than
 siblings in terms of telomere length. Other factors likely affecting
 individual quality (i.e., sex, laying date, laying order of eggs, and
 clutch size) were not related to telomere lengths. Within broods, initial
 telomere lengths were longer in older chicks than in younger chicks,
 suggesting that maternal effects, which vary with laying sequence,
 influence the initial lengths. Additionally, telomeres of chicks with a
 sibling showed more attrition between hatching and fledging than those of
 singleton chicks, suggesting that being raised with siblings can cause a
 sustained competitive environment that leads to telomere loss. High growth
 rates were associated with a low degree of telomere shortening observed in
 older siblings, perhaps because slower growth reflects higher food stress
 and/or higher aerobic metabolism from increased begging effort. Our
 results show that developmental telomere attrition was an inevitable
 consequence in two-chick nests in the pre- and post-hatching
 microenvironments due to the combination of social stress within the nest
 and maternal effects. The results of our study shed light on telomere
 dynamics in early life, which may represent an important physiological
 undercurrent of life-history traits.
description: BTG_chicks_telomere and
 measurementschicks_20160324.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6mp50
title: Data from: Thelomma ocellatum, a range extension to the Yukon Territory and case study in the use of molecular data to recognize asexually reproducing crustose lichens

description: An unusual sterile, asexually reproducing crustose lichen was encountered
 during fieldwork in the Yukon Territory of Canada. Genus and family level
 placement of the taxon were precluded by a lack of both sexual characters
 and any non-sexual characters that would have suggested an unambiguous
 generic affiliation. Examination of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data of the
 taxon revealed it to be a member of the Caliciaceae, with a sister
 relationship to the genus Tholurna. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic
 analyses of mtSSU sequence data suggested conspecificity with Thelomma
 ocellatum, one of the few calicioid lichens that reproduce asexually via
 lichenized diaspores. Comparison of the material from the Yukon with
 reference specimens and descriptions of T. ocellatum confirmed the
 identification of these populations, which extend the known distribution
 of T. ocellatum considerably northward in North America.
description: Thelomma_data_packetThis data packet comprises a zipped folder that contains the alignments used in the following analyses for this study. 1) ML analysis of Physciaceae with results presented in Appendix 1. 2) MP, ML, and BI analyses of a smaller dataset examining the placement of the taxon in question.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7p177s7
title: Data from: Spatio-temporal genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae in the Northwestern Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda: implications for genetic control trials in malaria endemic regions

description: Background: Understanding population genetic structure in the malaria
 vector Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) is crucial to inform genetic control and
 manage insecticide resistance. Unfortunately, species characteristics such
 as high nucleotide diversity, large effective population size, recent
 range expansion, and high dispersal ability complicate the inference of
 genetic structure across its range in sub-Saharan Africa. The ocean, along
 with the Great Rift Valley, is one of the few recognized barriers to gene
 flow in this species, but the effect of inland lakes, which could be
 useful sites for initial testing of genetic control strategies, is
 relatively understudied. Here we examine Lake Victoria as a barrier
 between the Ugandan mainland and the Ssese Islands, which lie up to 60 km
 offshore. We use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from populations sampled in
 2002, 2012 and 2015, and perform Bayesian cluster analysis on mtDNA
 combined with microsatellite data previously generated from the same 2002
 mosquito DNA samples. Results: Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance
 and Bayesian clustering support significant differentiation between the
 mainland and lacustrine islands. In an mtDNA haplotype network constructed
 from this and previous data, haplotypes are shared even between localities
 separated by the Rift Valley, a result that more likely reflects retention
 of shared ancestral polymorphism than contemporary gene flow. Conclusions:
 The relative genetic isolation of An. gambiae on the Ssese Islands, their
 small size, level terrain and ease of access from the mainland, the
 relative simplicity of the vectorial system, and the prevalence of
 malaria, are all attributes that recommend these islands as possible sites
 for the testing of genetic control strategies.
description: Input_file