DOI: 10.7280/d1340m
title: Development of a tool for quantifying need-supportive coaching in technology-mediated exercise classes

description: Technology-mediated interventions to promote physical activity are growing
 in popularity and appear to be effective for supporting continued
 adherence for some people.  One potential mechanism of impact is
 the cultivation of motivation that is self-determined (i.e., autonomous),
 which is posited to arise from the satisfaction of three basic
 psychological needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The Peloton
 Instructor Needs-Supportive Coaching (PINC) tool was used to code 80
 Peloton cycling classes across 4 different class types (Beginner, Power
 Zone, Groove, and High-Intensity Interval Training) to quantify the
 frequency of needs-supportive and needs-indifferent coaching within a
 class.  This dataset provides the raw data for the 80 cycling
 classes and the calculated percentages for aggregated coaching categories.
  
description: Study data were collected
 and managed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tools hosted
 at the first author’s institution.  REDCap is a secure, web-based software
 platform designed to support data capture for research studies, providing
 1) an intuitive interface for validated data capture; 2) audit trails for
 tracking data manipulation and export procedures; 3) automated export
 procedures for seamless data downloads to common statistical packages; and
 4) procedures for data integration and interoperability with external
 sources.  The data were generated using the Peloton Instructor
 Needs-Supportive Coaching (PINC) tool to code four different cycling class
 types: Beginner, High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Groove, and
 Power Zone. Beginner rides are specifically targeted to new riders, Power
 Zone rides coach riders to align their effort within the class to their
 own fitness level, Groove rides emphasize music and choreography, and HIIT
 rides are designed for established riders to get a time-efficient and
 challenging workout.  Detailed information describing the development of
 the PINC can be found in the associated manuscript.  The PINC was used by
 five trained coders to document minute-by-minute the presence or absence
 of an instructor’s coaching statement that met the definition for each of
 the needs-supportive coaching categories (competence, relatedness, and
 autonomy) or needs-indifferent coaching categories in cycling classes. 
 Within each 60-second epoch, coders were instructed to mark a coaching
 category as present the first time that an instructor delivered a comment
 that met the coding criterion.  Coders also documented word-for-word the
 comment that was coded, to facilitate later coding comparisons.  Only one
 instance of each coaching category per 60-second epoch was coded.  Thus, a
 single minute of class time might contain multiple categories of coaching,
 but coders only documented a single instance of each coaching category
 within that minute. All cycling classes were double-coded. Coders then met
 virtually in pairs to review their respective codes and identify “missed”
 codes (i.e., coaching categories overlooked by one coder, which were
 harmonized in the database) and “unclear” codes (i.e., codes where coders
 identified different coaching categories for the same comment and actually
 disagreed). All unclear coding disagreements were then reviewed by the
 entire research team, which resolved the disagreements by
 consensus. The
 result of the coding process described above was a database documenting
 the minute-by-minute presence or absence of needs-supportive and
 needs-indifferent coaching categories across 80 Peloton cycling classes
 distributed equally across four class types:  Beginner, Power Zone,
 Groove, and HIIT.  When coding of the 80 classes was complete, the
 data were exported from REDCap into SPSS format for data
 analysis.  To
 yield variables for analyses, the percent of class minutes during which a
 class featured each type of coaching was computed.  For example, the
 number of minutes during which an instructor provided at least one
 instance of coaching addressing relatedness was summed and divided by the
 number of minutes in the class to yield the percent of class time that
 featured coaching relevant to the need for relatedness.  Coded minutes
 were comprised of either 20- or 30-minute active time plus one minute of
 warm-up and one minute of cooldown.  This process resulted in variables
 reflecting the number of minutes and percent of class time devoted to
 coaching relevant to relatedness (relatedness; perc_relatedness),
 competence (competence; perc_competence), autonomy (autonomy; perc_auto),
 and needs-indifferent coaching (indifferent; perc_indiff).  With respect
 to relatedness, multiple subtypes of coaching counted toward this variable
 (i.e., shout-outs, statements of connectedness, and personal sharing), so
 the dataset contains these lower-order variables as well (i.e., shoutout
 and perc_shout; connection and perc_connect; sharing and perc_share). 
 With respect to competence, two coaching subtypes counted toward this
 variable: acknowledgment, perc_acknowledge; and encouragement,
 perc_encourage.  There were no coaching subtypes for the autonomy
 variable, but needs-indifferent coaching took several forms, including
 instructions on speed or resistance (cadence, perc_cadence) and
 instructions on biomechanics (biomechanics, perc_mechanics).
description: First look at the README file. The dataset was collected in the
 Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool and then exported and
 analyzed using SPSS version 27. A CSV file for the dataset is provided
 (Peloton_Database_80_coded_cycling_classes.csv). The data dictionary
 (Peloton_Database_80_coded_cycling_Classes_DataDictionary.csv) explains
 the variables found in the dataset.  For those with
 SPSS, the SPSS data file is
 "Peloton_Database_80_coded_cycling_classes.sav" and the SPSS
 syntax can be found in
 "SPSS_syntax_Peloton_Database_80_coded_cycling_classes.sps"" or "SPSS_syntax_Peloton_Database_80_coded_cycling_classes.txt". The Coding Guide used by coders when coding a Peloton class is provided in "Coding_Guide_Peloton_Database_80_coded_cycling_classes.txt" for context.