cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e120217
title: Data and Code for: Screening and Selection: The Case of Mammograms

description: We analyze selection into screening in the context of recommendations that breast cancer screening start at age 40. Combining medical claims with a clinical oncology model, we document that compliers with the recommendation are less likely to have cancer than younger women who select into screening or women who never screen. We show this selection is quantitatively important: shifting the recommendation from age 40 to 45 results in three times as many deaths if compliers were randomly selected than under the estimated patterns of selection. The results highlight the importance of considering characteristics of compliers when making and designing recommendations.
DOI: 10.3886/e120217v1
title: Data and Code for: Screening and Selection: The Case of Mammograms

description: We analyze selection into screening in the context of recommendations that breast cancer screening start at age 40. Combining medical claims with a clinical oncology model, we document that compliers with the recommendation are less likely to have cancer than younger women who select into screening or women who never screen. We show this selection is quantitatively important: shifting the recommendation from age 40 to 45 results in three times as many deaths if compliers were randomly selected than under the estimated patterns of selection. The results highlight the importance of considering characteristics of compliers when making and designing recommendations.
DOI: 10.3886/e119697
title: Data and Code for: Missing Events in Event Studies: Identifying the Effects of Partially-Measured News Surprises

description: This file contains the code and data for "Missing Events in Event Studies: Identifying the Effects of Partially-Measured News Surprises" by R.S. Gurkaynak, B. Kisacikoglu and J.H. Wright.<br><br>
DOI: 10.3886/e120285
title: Data and Code for: What Makes a Rule Complex

description: We study the complexity of rules by paying experimental subjects to implement a series of algorithms and then eliciting their willingness-to-pay to avoid implementing them again in the future. The design allows us to examine hypotheses from the theoretical "automata" literature about the characteristics of rules that generate complexity costs. We find substantial aversion to complexity and a number of regularities in the characteristics of rules that make them complex and costly for subjects. Experience with a rule, the way a rule is represented, and the context in which a rule is implemented (mentally versus physically) also influence complexity.
DOI: 10.3886/e120285v1
title: Data and Code for: What Makes a Rule Complex

description: We study the complexity of rules by paying experimental subjects to implement a series of algorithms and then eliciting their willingness-to-pay to avoid implementing them again in the future. The design allows us to examine hypotheses from the theoretical "automata" literature about the characteristics of rules that generate complexity costs. We find substantial aversion to complexity and a number of regularities in the characteristics of rules that make them complex and costly for subjects. Experience with a rule, the way a rule is represented, and the context in which a rule is implemented (mentally versus physically) also influence complexity.
DOI: 10.3886/e120432
title: Code for: Changing Dynamism and Productivity: Shocks vs Responsiveness

description: The pace of job reallocation has declined in the U.S. in recent decades. We draw insight from canonical models of business dynamics in which reallocation can decline due to (a) lower dispersion of idiosyncratic shocks faced by businesses, or (b) weaker marginal responsiveness of businesses to shocks. We show that shock dispersion has actually risen, while the responsiveness of business-level employment to productivity has weakened. Moreover, declining responsiveness can account for a significant fraction of the decline in the pace of job reallocation, and we find suggestive evidence this has been a drag on aggregate productivity.
description: Firms and Establishments in U.S. Private, Non-Farm Sectors.
DOI: 10.3886/e120432v1
title: Code for: Changing Dynamism and Productivity: Shocks vs Responsiveness

description: The pace of job reallocation has declined in the U.S. in recent decades. We draw insight from canonical models of business dynamics in which reallocation can decline due to (a) lower dispersion of idiosyncratic shocks faced by businesses, or (b) weaker marginal responsiveness of businesses to shocks. We show that shock dispersion has actually risen, while the responsiveness of business-level employment to productivity has weakened. Moreover, declining responsiveness can account for a significant fraction of the decline in the pace of job reallocation, and we find suggestive evidence this has been a drag on aggregate productivity.
description: Firms and Establishments in U.S. Private, Non-Farm Sectors.
DOI: 10.3886/e101343v1-70540
title: A method for measuring human body composition using digital images

description: The files required to replicate the results of our manuscript entitled "A method for measuring human body composition using digital images" have been uploaded here. This includes the data dictionary, code, and de-identified data.<br><br><br>
description: N/A
description: Response Rates: N/A
description: Presence of Common Scales: N/A
description: other; Details on the data collection and processing are delineated in the Methods section of the manuscript.
description: Inclusion criteria were age 6-80 years; without diseases known to affect body composition; able to stand for three photographs; no contraindication for a DXA body composition scan; not missing more than one finger or toe to reduce error in volume determination; and not pregnant. <br> . Smallest Geographic Unit: N/A
description: Convenience sample
DOI: 10.3886/e119829
title: Code and Data for "Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursements via Hours Worked: Comment"

description: Code and data for "Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked: Comment"<br><br>Abstract: Fang and Gong (2017) develop a procedure to detect potential overbilling of Medicare by physicians. In their empirical analysis, they use aggregated claims data that can overstate the number of services performed due to features Medicare billing. In this comment, I show how auditors can use detailed claims level data to better target improper overbilling.
DOI: 10.3886/e119829v1
title: Code and Data for "Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursements via Hours Worked: Comment"

description: Code and data for "Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked: Comment"<br><br>Abstract: Fang and Gong (2017) develop a procedure to detect potential overbilling of Medicare by physicians. In their empirical analysis, they use aggregated claims data that can overstate the number of services performed due to features Medicare billing. In this comment, I show how auditors can use detailed claims level data to better target improper overbilling.
DOI: 10.3886/e119192
title: Data and Code for: Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked: Reply

description: Matsumoto (forthcoming) pointed out data and coding errors in Fang and Gong (2017). We show that these errors have limited impacts: all qualitative findings remain after correcting them. Matsumoto also discussed potential service over-counting in the aggregated utilization data we used to illustrate our method, and then quantified the extent of over-counting with a sample of Medicare claims. We acknowledge the issue but discuss the noise and the bias in his quantification. Overall, our proposed method remains useful, as regulators who are interested in applying the method are unlikely to be subject to the data limitations.
DOI: 10.3886/e119192v1
title: Data and Code for: Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked: Reply

description: Matsumoto (forthcoming) pointed out data and coding errors in Fang and Gong (2017). We show that these errors have limited impacts: all qualitative findings remain after correcting them. Matsumoto also discussed potential service over-counting in the aggregated utilization data we used to illustrate our method, and then quantified the extent of over-counting with a sample of Medicare claims. We acknowledge the issue but discuss the noise and the bias in his quantification. Overall, our proposed method remains useful, as regulators who are interested in applying the method are unlikely to be subject to the data limitations.
DOI: 10.3886/e127262
title: National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Personal Care Services and Laundromats by ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2003-2017

description: This dataset contains measures of the number and per capita density of personal care services (such as barber shops, hair and nail salons, and spas) and laundromats per ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in the United States from 2003 through 2017.
description: A ZIP code to ZCTA crosswalk must be used to combine this dataset with ZIP code geocoded data. Such a crosswalk is available on the UDS Mapper website at https://www.udsmapper.org/zcta-crosswalk.cfm. Sample code for merging the UDS Mapper crosswalk with NaNDA datasets is available on the NaNDA repository at https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/120088/.
description: Personal care services and laundromats in all ZIP code tabulation areas in the United States, including Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. Smallest Geographic Unit: ZIP code tabulation area
DOI: 10.3886/e117424
title: Replication data for: Invisible Geniuses: Could the Knowledge Frontier Advance Faster?

description: A better understanding of the determinants of idea/knowledge production remains critical for long-run growth. Towards this end, this paper establishes two results using data from the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). First, individuals who excelled in teenage years are especially capable of advancing the knowledge frontier. Second, such talented individuals born in poorer countries are systematically less likely to engage in knowledge production. IMO participants from low-income countries produce 34\% fewer publications and 56\% fewer cites than equally talented rich-country counterparts. Policies to encourage talented youth to pursue scientific careers-especially those from poorer countries-could advance the knowledge frontier faster.
description: Participants to the International Mathematical Olympiad from 1981 to 2000.
DOI: 10.3886/e117424v1
title: Replication data for: Invisible Geniuses: Could the Knowledge Frontier Advance Faster?

description: A better understanding of the determinants of idea/knowledge production remains critical for long-run growth. Towards this end, this paper establishes two results using data from the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). First, individuals who excelled in teenage years are especially capable of advancing the knowledge frontier. Second, such talented individuals born in poorer countries are systematically less likely to engage in knowledge production. IMO participants from low-income countries produce 34\% fewer publications and 56\% fewer cites than equally talented rich-country counterparts. Policies to encourage talented youth to pursue scientific careers-especially those from poorer countries-could advance the knowledge frontier faster.
description: Participants to the International Mathematical Olympiad from 1981 to 2000.
DOI: 10.3886/e117361
title: Code for: Efficiency, Justified Envy, and Incentives in Priority-Based Matching

description: This folder contains the code for replication of Table 1 "Comparison of Mechanisms in New Orleans and Boston" in the American Economic Review: Insights paper titled "Efficiency, Justified Envy, and Incentives in Priority-Based Matching" by Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Yeon-Koo Che, Parag Pathak, Alvin Roth, and Olivier Tercieux.
DOI: 10.3886/e117361v1
title: Code for: Efficiency, Justified Envy, and Incentives in Priority-Based Matching

description: This folder contains the code for replication of Table 1 "Comparison of Mechanisms in New Orleans and Boston" in the American Economic Review: Insights paper titled "Efficiency, Justified Envy, and Incentives in Priority-Based Matching" by Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Yeon-Koo Che, Parag Pathak, Alvin Roth, and Olivier Tercieux.
DOI: 10.3886/e118224
title: Data and Code for: "Gendered Laws and Women in the Workforce"

description: This paper offers for the first time a global picture of gender discrimination by the law as it affects women’s economic opportunity and charts the evolution of legal inequalities over five decades. Using the World Bank’s newly constructed “Women, Business and the Law” database, we document large and persistent gender inequalities, especially with regard to pay and treatment of parenthood. We find positive correlations between more equal laws pertaining to women in the workforce and more equal labor market outcomes, such as higher female labor force participation and a smaller wage gap between men and women.
description: No weights were used
description: Response Rates: The response rate among the contacted legal experts is between 80 and 85 percent each year.
description: Presence of Common Scales: Verbal answers to questions are converted to indicators recorded on a 0-1 scale
description: mail questionnaire; None
description: Women across the world. Smallest Geographic Unit: Country
description: Each year the World Bank contacts international law associations and asks them to recommend top lawyers who practice family law, inheritance law, labor law, and property law in each of the 190 countries surveyed. Subsequently, the World Bank mails questionnaires to the recommended lawyers. A total of 2,100 lawyers from private law firms and non-governmental organizations in 190 different countries provided answers to mailed questionnaires.
DOI: 10.3886/e118224v1
title: Data and Code for: "Gendered Laws and Women in the Workforce"

description: This paper offers for the first time a global picture of gender discrimination by the law as it affects women’s economic opportunity and charts the evolution of legal inequalities over five decades. Using the World Bank’s newly constructed “Women, Business and the Law” database, we document large and persistent gender inequalities, especially with regard to pay and treatment of parenthood. We find positive correlations between more equal laws pertaining to women in the workforce and more equal labor market outcomes, such as higher female labor force participation and a smaller wage gap between men and women.
description: No weights were used
description: Response Rates: The response rate among the contacted legal experts is between 80 and 85 percent each year.
description: Presence of Common Scales: Verbal answers to questions are converted to indicators recorded on a 0-1 scale
description: mail questionnaire; None
description: Women across the world. Smallest Geographic Unit: Country
description: Each year the World Bank contacts international law associations and asks them to recommend top lawyers who practice family law, inheritance law, labor law, and property law in each of the 190 countries surveyed. Subsequently, the World Bank mails questionnaires to the recommended lawyers. A total of 2,100 lawyers from private law firms and non-governmental organizations in 190 different countries provided answers to mailed questionnaires.
DOI: 10.3886/e119199
title: Code and Data Access Instructions for: School Effects on Socio-emotional Development, School-Based Arrests, and Educational Attainment.

description: These folders provide information on how to obtain data from Chicago Public Schools (CPS) used for this project. We also include the code used to create the results reported in the paper starting from the raw CPS files.
DOI: 10.3886/e119199v1
title: Code and Data Access Instructions for: School Effects on Socio-emotional Development, School-Based Arrests, and Educational Attainment.

description: These folders provide information on how to obtain data from Chicago Public Schools (CPS) used for this project. We also include the code used to create the results reported in the paper starting from the raw CPS files.
DOI: 10.3886/e117021
title: Data and Code for: What Do Survey Data Tell Us about US Businesses?

description: This paper examines the reliability of survey data on business incomes, valuations, and rates of return, which are key inputs for studies of wealth inequality and entrepreneurial choice. We compare survey responses of business owners with available data from administrative tax records, brokered private business sales, and publicly traded company filings and document problems due to nonrepresentative samples and measurement errors across several surveys, subsamples, and years. We find that the discrepancies are economically relevant for the statistics of interest. We investigate reasons for these discrepancies and propose corrections for future survey designs.
description: All US businesses.
DOI: 10.3886/e117021v4
title: Data and Code for: What Do Survey Data Tell Us about US Businesses?

description: This paper examines the reliability of survey data on business incomes, valuations, and rates of return, which are key inputs for studies of wealth inequality and entrepreneurial choice. We compare survey responses of business owners with available data from administrative tax records, brokered private business sales, and publicly traded company filings and document problems due to nonrepresentative samples and measurement errors across several surveys, subsamples, and years. We find that the discrepancies are economically relevant for the statistics of interest. We investigate reasons for these discrepancies and propose corrections for future survey designs.
description: All US businesses.
DOI: 10.3886/e118585
title: Data and Code for: "The Welfare Magnet Hypothesis: Evidence from an Immigrant Welfare Scheme in Denmark"

description: We study the effects of welfare generosity on international migration using reforms of immigrant welfare benefits in Denmark. The first reform, implemented in 2002, lowered benefits for non-EU immigrants by about 50%, with no changes for natives or EU immigrants. The policy was later repealed and re-introduced. Based on a quasi-experimental research design, we find sizeable effects: the benefit reduction reduced the net flow of immigrants by about 5,000 people per year, and the subsequent repeal of the policy reversed the effect almost exactly. The implied elasticity of migration with respect to benefits equals 1.3. This represents some of the first causal evidence on the welfare magnet hypothesis.
description: Note that the majority of the data used for this project are restricted data from Danish population registers. These data can only be accessed through accredited research institutions in Denmark, and we are therefore unable to provide them here. For more information on this, see the ReadMe file.<br>We do include all the code used for the project, as well as those data files used in the paper that come from publicly accessible sources. These are data from other Nordic countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden) that are used in the cross-country analysis.
description: Migrants from EU and non-EU countries to Denmark and other Nordic countries.
DOI: 10.3886/e118585v1
title: Data and Code for: "The Welfare Magnet Hypothesis: Evidence from an Immigrant Welfare Scheme in Denmark"

description: We study the effects of welfare generosity on international migration using reforms of immigrant welfare benefits in Denmark. The first reform, implemented in 2002, lowered benefits for non-EU immigrants by about 50%, with no changes for natives or EU immigrants. The policy was later repealed and re-introduced. Based on a quasi-experimental research design, we find sizeable effects: the benefit reduction reduced the net flow of immigrants by about 5,000 people per year, and the subsequent repeal of the policy reversed the effect almost exactly. The implied elasticity of migration with respect to benefits equals 1.3. This represents some of the first causal evidence on the welfare magnet hypothesis.
description: Note that the majority of the data used for this project are restricted data from Danish population registers. These data can only be accessed through accredited research institutions in Denmark, and we are therefore unable to provide them here. For more information on this, see the ReadMe file.<br>We do include all the code used for the project, as well as those data files used in the paper that come from publicly accessible sources. These are data from other Nordic countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden) that are used in the cross-country analysis.
description: Migrants from EU and non-EU countries to Denmark and other Nordic countries.
DOI: 10.3886/e118945
title: Data and Code for: After the Panic: Are Financial Crises Demand or Supply Shocks? Evidence from International Trade

description: Are financial crises a negative shock to aggregate demand or a negative shock to aggregate supply? This is a fundamental question for both macroeconomics researchers and those involved in real-time policymaking, and in both cases the question has become much more urgent in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis. Arguments for monetary and fiscal stimulus usually interpret such events as demand-side shortfalls. Conversely, arguments for tax cuts and structural reform often proceed from supply-side frictions. Resolving the question requires models capable of admitting both mechanisms, and empirical tests that can tell them apart. We develop a simple small open economy model, where a country is subject to deleveraging shocks that impose binding credit constraints on households and/or firms. These financial crisis events leave distinct statistical signatures in the time series record, and they divide sharply between each type of shock. Household deleveraging shocks are mainly demand shocks, contract imports, leave exports largely unchanged, and depreciate the real exchange rate. Firm deleveraging shocks are mainly supply shocks, contract exports, leave imports largely unchanged, and appreciate the real exchange rate. To test these predictions, we compile the largest possible crossed dataset of 200+ years of trade flows and almost 200 financial crises in a wide sample of countries. Empirical analysis reveals a clear picture: after a financial crisis event we find the dominant pattern to be that imports contract, exports hold steady or even rise, and the real exchange rate depreciates. On the basis of this macro-level evidence, financial crises are a negative shock to demand.