cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g8d74
title: Data from: Comparison of a newly established emotional stimulus approach to a classical assessment-driven approach in BLS training: a randomised controlled trial

description: Objective: The study objective was to implement two strategies (short
 emotional stimulus vs announced practical assessment) in the teaching of
 resuscitation skills in order to evaluate whether one led to superior
 outcomes. Setting: This study is an educational intervention provided in
 one German academic university hospital. Participants: First-yearmedical
 students (n=271) during the first3 weeks of their studies. Interventions:
 Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups following a
 sequence of random numbers: the emotional stimulus group (EG) and the
 assessment group (AG). In the EG, the intervention included watching an
 emotionally stimulating video prior to the Basic Life Support (BLS)
 course. In the AG, a practical assessment of the BLS algorithm was
 announced and tested within a 2 min simulated cardiac arrest scenario.
 After the baseline testing, a standardised BLS course was provided.
 Evaluation points were defined 1 week and 6 months after. Primary outcome
 measures: Compression depth (CD) and compression rate (CR) were recorded
 as the primary endpoints for BLS quality. Results: Within the study, 137
 participants were allocated to the EG and 134 to the AG. 104 participants
 from EG and 120 from AG were analysed1 week after the intervention, where
 they reached comparable chest-compression performance without significant
 differences (CR P=0.49; CD P=0.28). The chest-compression performance
 improved significantly for the EG (P&lt;0.01) and the AG
 (P&lt;0.01) while adhering to the current resuscitation guidelines
 criteria for CD and CR. Conclusions: There was no statistical difference
 between both groups’ practical chest-compression-performance.
 Nevertheless, the 2 min video sequence used in the EG with its low
 production effort and costs, compared with the expensive assessment
 approach, provides broad opportunities for applicability in BLS training.
description: Data form the EG and
 AGThe
 data file consist the parameters who were described in the study protocol.
 The legend concerning the data is included in the second readme
 fileEFW-2012-data_complete_without-student-identity-number_aug2015.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5r56
title: Data from: Perceptions of football players regarding injury risk factors and prevention strategies

description: Current approaches regarding injury prevention focus on the transfer of
 evidence into daily practice. One promising approach is to influence
 attitudes and beliefs of players. The objective of this study was to
 record player's perceptions on injury prevention. A survey was
 performed among players of one German high-level football (soccer) club.
 139 professional and youth players between age 13 and 35 years completed a
 standardized questionnaire (response rate = 98%). It included categories
 with (1) history of lower extremity injuries, (2) perceptions regarding
 risk factors and (3) regularly used prevention strategies. The majority of
 players (84.2%) had a previous injury. 47.5% of respondents believe that
 contact with other players is a risk factor, followed by fatigue (38.1%)
 and environmental factors (25.9%). The relevance of previous injuries as a
 risk factor is differently perceived between injured (25%) and uninjured
 players (0.0%). Nearly all players (91.5%) perform stretching to prevent
 injuries, followed by neuromuscular warm up exercises (54.0%). Taping is
 used by 40.2% of previously injured players and 13.6% of players without a
 history of injuries. In conclusion, the perception of risk factors and
 performed preventive strategies are inconsistent with scientific evidence.
 Future transfer strategies should incorporate the players believes and
 attitudes.
description: Data_Injury_Preventiondemographics, perceptions regarding injury prevention and preventive measures
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.77375
title: Data from: Taxonomy of the proterosuchid archosauriforms (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the earliest Triassic of South Africa, and implications for the early archosauriform radiation

description: Proterosuchidae is one of the first clades of Archosauriformes (archosaurs
 and closely related species) to appear in the fossil record, with the
 richest sample of the group coming from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone
 (earliest Triassic) of South Africa. Four nominal proterosuchid species
 were described from South Africa during the twentieth century
 (Proterosuchus fergusi, Chasmatosaurus vanhoepeni, Chasmatosaurus
 alexanderi and Elaphrosuchus rubidgei), but interpretations of their
 taxonomy have been widely disparate. The most recent taxonomic revision
 concluded that P. fergusi is the only valid species and that the other
 nominal species are junior subjective synonyms of this taxon. This
 proposal was based on the interpretation that anatomical differences
 between the nominal species could be explained as a result of ontogenetic
 changes and/or post-mortem deformation. The recent discoveries of multiple
 new South African proterosuchid specimens provide an impetus to revisit
 their taxonomy. Based upon a comprehensive re-examination of all known
 specimens, as well as examination of other proterosuchid taxa in
 collections worldwide, we conclude that the holotype of Proterosuchus
 fergusi is undiagnostic. As a result, we propose a neotype (RC 846) for
 the species. ‘Chasmatosaurus vanhoepeni’ and ‘Elaphrosuchus rubidgei’ are
 considered subjective junior synonyms of P. fergusi. ‘Chasmatosaurus’
 alexanderi is considered a valid species, for which we propose the new
 combination P. alexanderi comb. nov. A third species, P. goweri sp. nov.,
 is erected on the basis of a single specimen (NMQR 880). All three species
 recognized here are taxonomically distinct from a previously described
 archosauriform maxilla from the lower Lystrosaurus AZ. As a result, we
 recognize a minimum of four archosauriform species following the
 Permo-Triassic mass extinction in South Africa. Our results suggest a
 greater species richness of earliest Triassic archosauriforms than
 previously appreciated, but that archosauriform morphological disparity
 remained low and did not expand until the late Early Triassic – early
 Mid-Triassic.
description: Ezcurra and Butler
 Supporting InformationR1The file includes: the
 function employed in this paper to transform and normalize measurements
 and three tables showing the measurements employed in the quantitative
 analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70h0b6b
title: Data from: Linking beaver dam affected flow dynamics to upstream passage of Arctic grayling

description: Beaver reintroductions and beaver dam structures are an increasingly
 utilized ecological tool for rehabilitating degraded streams, yet beaver
 dams can potentially impact upstream fish migrations. We collected two
 years of data on Arctic grayling movement through a series of beaver dams
 in a low gradient mountain stream, utilizing radio-telemetry techniques,
 to determine how hydrology, dam characteristics, and fish attributes
 impeded passage and movement rates of spawning grayling. We compared fish
 movement between a “normal” flow year and a “low” flow year, determined
 grayling passage probabilities over dams in relation to a suite of
 factors, and predicted daily movement rates in relation to the number of
 dams each fish passed and distance between dams during upstream migration
 to spawning areas. We found that the average passage probability over
 unbreached beaver dams was 88%, though we found that it fell below 50% at
 specific dams. Upstream passage of grayling was affected by three main
 characteristics: 1) temperature 2) breach status and 3) hydrologic
 linkages that connect sections of stream above and below the dam. Other
 variables influence passage, but to a lesser degree. Cumulative passage
 varied with distance upstream and total number of dams passed in low
 versus normal flow years, while movement rates upstream slowed as fish
 swam closer to dams. Our findings demonstrate that upstream passage of
 fish over beaver dams is strongly correlated with hydrologic conditions
 with moderate controls by dam- and fish-level characteristics. Our results
 provide a framework that can be applied to reduce barrier effects when and
 where beaver dams pose a significant threat to the upstream migration of
 fish populations while maintaining the diverse ecological benefits of
 beaver activity when dams are not a threat to fish passage.
description: GraylingPassageAcceptedData file used for both grayling passage and cumulative passage analysis.FishMovementAcceptedData file used for movement velocity analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cq5h55f
title: Data from: Higher species richness enhances yield stability in intensively managed grasslands with experimental disturbance

description: Climate models predict increased frequency and severity of drought events.
 At an Irish and Swiss site, experimental summer droughts were applied over
 two successive years to grassland plots sown with one, two or four
 grassland species with contrasting functional traits. Mean yield and
 plot-to-plot variance of yield were measured across harvests during
 drought and after a subsequent post-drought recovery period. At both
 sites, there was a positive relationship between species richness and
 yield. Under rainfed control conditions, mean yields of four-species
 communities were 32% (Wexford, Ireland) and 51% (Zürich, Switzerland)
 higher than in monocultures. This positive relationship was also evident
 under drought, despite significant average yield reductions (-27% at
 Wexford; -21% at Zürich). Four-species communities had lower plot-to-plot
 variance of yield compared to monoculture or two-species communities under
 both rainfed and drought conditions, which demonstrates higher yield
 stability in four-species communities. At the Swiss but not the Irish
 site, a high degree of species asynchrony could be identified as a
 mechanism underlying increased temporal stability in four-species
 communities. These results indicate the high potential of multi-species
 grasslands as an adaptation strategy against drought events and help
 achieve sustainable intensification under both unperturbed and perturbed
 environmental conditions.
description: Dry Matter
 Yieldplease see Readme
 fileHaughey_et_al_2018_Dry_Matter_Yield.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.60bn81v
title: Data from: Associative nitrogen fixation (ANF) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) across a nitrogen input gradient

description: Associative N fixation (ANF), the process by which dinitrogen gas is
 converted to ammonia by bacteria in casual association with plants, has
 not been well-studied in temperate ecosystems. We examined the ANF
 potential of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a North American prairie
 grass whose productivity is often unresponsive to N fertilizer addition,
 via separate short-term 15N2 incubations of rhizosphere soils and excised
 roots four times during the growing season. Measurements occurred along N
 fertilization gradients at two sites with contrasting soil fertility
 (Wisconsin, USA Mollisols and Michigan, USA Alfisols). In general, we
 found that ANF potentials declined with long-term N addition,
 corresponding with increased soil N availability. Although we hypothesized
 that ANF potential would track plant N demand through the growing season,
 the highest root fixation rates occurred after plants senesced, suggesting
 that root diazotrophs exploit carbon (C) released during senescence, as C
 is translocated from aboveground tissues to roots for wintertime storage.
 Measured ANF potentials, coupled with mass balance calculations, suggest
 that ANF appears to be an important source of N to unfertilized
 switchgrass, and, by extension, to temperate grasslands in general.
description: Roley_etal_2018_Nfix_minnit_SGDuring 2015, net nitrogen mineralization, net nitrification, soil nitrogen fixation, and root nitrogen fixation was measured in the Switchgrass Nitrogen Rate Experiment at both Kellogg Biological Station (MI, USA) and Arlington Agricultural Research Station (WI, USA). All replicates of fertilizer treatments SWF1 (0 kg N/ha/yr), SWF3 (56 kg N/ha/yr), and SWF8 (196 kg N/ha/yr) were measured 4 times: pre-fertilizer (May), post-fertilizer (June), at peak biomass (late July) and post-senescence (October). This data file contains the data on net mineralization and net nitrification, measured with 28-day lab incubations at constant moisture and temperature, and soil N fixation, measured with 7-day lab incubations with 15N2 and glucose.Roley_etal_2018_Nfix_SG_rootsDuring 2015, net nitrogen mineralization, net nitrification, soil nitrogen fixation, and root nitrogen fixation was measured in the Switchgrass Nitrogen Rate Experiment, at both Kellogg Biological Station (MI, USA) and Arlington Agricultural Research Station (WI, USA). All replicates of 3 fertilizer treatments (0 kg N/ha/yr, 56 kg N/ha/yr, and 196 kg N/ha/yr) were measured 4 times: pre-fertilizer (May), post-fertilizer (June), at peak biomass (late July) and post-senescence (October). This data file contains the data on root N fixation, measured with 7-day lab incubations with 15N2 and glucose.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v66s5
title: Data from: Awareness programs and change in taste-based caste prejudice

description: Becker's theory of taste-based discrimination predicts that relative
 employment of the discriminated social group will improve if there is a
 decrease in the level of prejudice for the marginally discriminating
 employer. In this paper we experimentally test this prediction offered by
 Garry Becker in his seminal work on taste based discrimination, in the
 context of caste in India, with management students (potential employers
 in the near future) as subjects. First, we measure caste prejudice and
 show that awareness through a TV social program reduces implicit prejudice
 against the lower caste and the reduction is sustained over time. Second,
 we find that the treatment reduces the prejudice levels of those in the
 left tail of the prejudice distribution - the group which can potentially
 affect real outcomes as predicted by the theory. And finally, a larger
 share of the treatment group subjects exhibit favorable opinion about
 reservation in jobs for the lower caste.
description: data_finalIAT_PLOS
 One
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1p2k0
title: Data from: Tree genetics strongly affect forest productivity, but intraspecific diversity-productivity relationships do not

description: Numerous studies have demonstrated biodiversity–productivity relationships
 in plant communities, and analogous genetic diversity–productivity studies
 using genotype mixtures of single species may show similar patterns.
 Alternatively, competing individuals among genotypes within a species are
 less likely to exhibit resource-use complementarity, even when they
 exhibit large differences in their effects on ecosystem function. In this
 study, we test the impact of genotype diversity and genetic identity on
 ecosystem function using an ecosystem-scale common garden experiment.
 Distinct tree genotypes were collected across the entire natural range of
 the riparian tree Populus fremontii in the USA, and grown in 1–16 genotype
 combination forest stands. Due to the warm climate and irrigation of the
 planting location along the Colorado River (AZ, USA), mature forest
 physiognomy with trees up to 19 m tall was achieved in just five years.
 Several key patterns emerged: (i) genotype richness did not predict forest
 productivity, suggesting a lack of net biodiversity effects; (ii) we found
 differences among genotype monoculture stands comparable to differences in
 average productivity across all forest biomes on Earth; (iii) productivity
 was predicted based on genetic marker similarity in trees; (iv)
 genetic-based differences in leaf phenology (early leaf-on and late
 leaf-fall timing) were correlated with &gt;80% of the variation in
 tree and forest productivity irrespective of home-site conditions. Large
 differences in productivity among genotypes can result in dramatic
 differences in forest productivity without resulting in
 diversity–productivity relationships that are present in species-scale
 biodiversity studies.
description: Raw data for tree sizes,
 blocks, and treatments in the Cibola Tree Genetics and Productivity
 ExperimentThis file contains the
 raw data for the sizes of trees in the Cibola tree genotype diversity and
 productivity experiment. Treatments and block locations are also
 indicated.Cibola_2012_tree_data_raw.csvhomecibolaThis data file contains data on the home sites where genotypes were collected for the Cibola tree genotype diversity and productivity experiment. Tree leaf phenology data is also included (higher scores reflect greater leaf-off times over the course of a year).Cibola microsatellite marker dataThis file contains the microsatellite marker data for the Cibola genotype diversity and productivity experiment.Cibola.markerdata.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1893
title: Data from: Rapid, pervasive genetic differentiation of urban white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) populations in New York City

description: We investigated genetic diversity and structure of urban white-footed
 mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, populations in New York City (NYC) using
 variation at 18 microsatellite loci. White-footed mice are "urban
 adapters" that occur at higher population densities as habitat
 fragments are reduced in area, but have a limited ability to disperse
 through urbanized areas. We hypothesized that this combination of traits
 has produced substantial genetic structure but minimal loss of genetic
 variation over the last century in NYC. Allelic diversity and
 heterozygosity in fourteen NYC populations were high, and nearly all of
 our NYC study sites contained genetically distinct populations of
 white-footed mice as measured by pairwise FST, assignment tests, and
 Bayesian clustering analyses performed by Structure and BAPS. Analysis of
 molecular variance revealed that genetic differences between populations
 separated by a few km are more significant than differences between
 prehistorically isolated landmasses (i.e. Bronx, Queens, and Manhattan).
 Allele size permutation tests and lack of isolation-by-distance indicated
 that mutation and migration are less important than drift as explanations
 for structure in urban, fragmented P. leucopus populations. Peromyscus
 often exhibit little genetic structure over even regional scales,
 prompting us to conclude that urbanization is a particularly potent driver
 of genetic differentiation compared to natural fragmentation.
description: MunshiSouth.Pleucopus.NYC.genepop.txtGenepop file of 18-locus microsatellite genotypes (2-digit format) for 15 populations of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in New York City.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qn66gr2
title: Data from: Do detour tasks provide accurate assays of inhibitory control?

description: Transparent cylinder and barrier tasks are used to purportedly assess
 inhibitory control in a variety of animals. However, we suspect that
 performances on these detour tasks are influenced by non-cognitive traits,
 which may result in inaccurate assays of inhibitory control. We therefore
 reared pheasants under standardized conditions and presented each bird
 with two sets of similar tasks commonly used to measure inhibitory
 control. We recorded the number of times subjects incorrectly attempted to
 access a reward through transparent barriers, and their latencies solve
 each task. Such measures are commonly used to infer the differential
 expression of inhibitory control. We found little evidence that their
 performances were consistent across the two different Putative Inhibitory
 Control Tasks (PICTs). Improvements in performance across trials showed
 that pheasants learned the affordances of each specific task. Critically,
 prior experience of transparent tasks, either barrier or cylinder, also
 improved subsequent inhibitory control performance on a novel task,
 suggesting that they also learned the general properties of transparent
 obstacles. Individual measures of persistence, assayed in a third task,
 were positively related to their frequency of incorrect attempts to solve
 the transparent inhibitory control tasks. Neophobia, sex and body
 condition had no influence on individual performance. Contrary to previous
 studies of primates, pheasants with poor performance on PICTs had a wider
 dietary breadth assayed using a free-choice task. Our results demonstrate
 that in systems or taxa where prior experience and differences in
 development cannot be accounted for, individual differences in performance
 on commonly used detour-dependent PICTS may reveal more about an
 individual’s prior experience of transparent objects, or their motivation
 to acquire food, than providing a reliable measure of their inhibitory
 control.
description: InhibitoryControlDataset_SubmittedDataset of inhibitory control performance, dietary breadth, persistence, sex and body condition.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8jp03
title: Data from: Chameleons communicate with complex colour changes during contests: different body regions convey different information

description: Many animals display static coloration (e.g. of feathers or fur) that can
 serve as a reliable sexual or social signal, but the communication
 function of rapidly changing colours (as in chameleons and cephalopods) is
 poorly understood. We used recently developed photographic and
 mathematical modelling tools to examine how rapid colour changes of veiled
 chameleons Chamaeleo calyptratus predict aggressive behaviour during
 male–male competitions. Males that achieved brighter stripe coloration
 were more likely to approach their opponent, and those that attained
 brighter head coloration were more likely to win fights; speed of head
 colour change was also an important predictor of contest outcome. This
 correlative study represents the first quantification of rapid colour
 change using organism-specific visual models and provides evidence that
 the rate of colour change, in addition to maximum display coloration, can
 be an important component of communication. Interestingly, the body and
 head locations of the relevant colour signals map onto the behavioural
 displays given during specific contest stages, with lateral displays from
 a distance followed by directed, head-on approaches prior to combat,
 suggesting that different colour change signals may evolve to communicate
 different information (motivation and fighting ability, respectively).
description: Chameleon Color Change
 DataTrial-specific color and
 behavioral data for agonistic interactions between adult male veiled
 chameleons, Chamaeleo calyptratus.Data for Chameleon Color
 Change.xlsx