DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-6697-16
title: Business Structure Database, 1997-2023: Secure Access
title: BSD

description: The &lt;i&gt;Business Structure Database&lt;/i&gt; (BSD) contains a small number of variables for almost all business organisations in the UK. The BSD is derived primarily from the &lt;i&gt;Inter-Departmental Business Register&lt;/i&gt; (IDBR), which is a live register of data collected by HM Revenue and Customs via VAT and Pay As You Earn (PAYE) records. The IDBR data are complimented with data from ONS business surveys. If a business is liable for VAT (turnover exceeds the VAT threshold) and/or has at least one member of staff registered for the PAYE tax collection system, then the business will appear on the IDBR (and hence in the BSD). In 2004 it was estimated that the businesses listed on the IDBR accounted for almost 99 per cent of economic activity in the UK. Only very small businesses, such as the self-employed were not found on the IDBR.&lt;br&gt;
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The IDBR is frequently updated, and contains confidential information that cannot be accessed by non-civil servants without special permission. However, the ONS Virtual Micro-data Laboratory (VML) created and developed the BSD, which is a 'snapshot' in time of the IDBR, in order to provide a version of the IDBR for research use, taking full account of changes in ownership and restructuring of businesses. The 'snapshot' is taken around April, and the captured point-in-time data are supplied to the VML by the following September. The reporting period is generally the financial year. For example, the 2000 BSD file is produced in September 2000, using data captured from the IDBR in April 2000. The data will reflect the financial year of April 1999 to March 2000. However, the ONS may, during this time, update the IDBR with data on companies from its own business surveys, such as the &lt;i&gt;Annual Business Survey&lt;/i&gt; (SN 7451).&lt;br&gt;
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The data are divided into 'enterprises' and 'local units'. An enterprise is the overall business organisation. A local unit is a 'plant', such as a factory, shop, branch, etc. In some cases, an enterprise will only have one local unit, and in other cases (such as a bank or supermarket), an enterprise will own many local units.&lt;br&gt;
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For each company, data are available on employment, turnover, foreign ownership, and industrial activity based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)92, SIC 2003 or SIC 2007. Year of 'birth' (company start-up date) and 'death' (termination date) are also included, as well as postcodes for both enterprises and their local units. Previously only pseudo-anonymised postcodes were available but now all postcodes are real.&lt;br&gt;
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The ONS is continually developing the BSD, and so researchers are strongly recommended to read all documentation pertaining to this dataset before using the data.&lt;br&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Linking to Other Business Studies&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
These data contain IDBR reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Latest Edition Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
For the sixteenth edition (March 2024), data files and a variable catalogue document for 2023 have been added.&lt;br&gt;