DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15655486
title: Relationship between the autonomic nervous system and cerebral autoregulation during controlled breathing

description: Version 3 of the database

The updated version of the database includes autonomic nervous system data (HRV metrics) estimated using the ECG signal.

The previous versions of the database included data estimated from non-invasive, photoplethysmography-based ABP signals.

Funding

SONATA 18 UMO-2022/47/D/ST7/00229 National Science Centre, Poland (database 2)

SONATA-BIS UMO-2013/10/E/ST7/00117 National Science Centre, Poland (database1)

General information

Two datasets were used in this study.

The dataset 1 includes 49 healthy volunteers (28 females, 21 males, median age: 23 years, range: 18-31 years) who were measured at the Neuroengineering Laboratory at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (WUST) between October 2014 and June 2015 (Biomedical Committee Agreement number: KB-170/2014).

The dataset  2 includes 12 healthy volunteers (8 females, 4 males, median age: 25 years, range: 20-26 years) who were prospectively measured at WUST between October 2023 and January 2024 (Biomedical Committee Agreement number: KB-179/2023/N).

Signal recordings description



ABP was measured non-invasively by a servo-controlled plethysmograph (Finometer MIDI, FMS Medical Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands in dataset 1 and Finapres Nova, FMS Medical Systems in dataset 2). The cuff was placed on the middle finger of the left hand and held at the level of the heart.

A three-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was used to record the heart's electrical activity

CBv was measured in the MCA using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (Doppler BoxX, DWL, Compumedics Germany GmbH, Singen, Germany in database 1; EMS-9PB, Delica, Shenzhen, China in database 2).

Expired end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and respiratory rate (RR) were measured via a nasal cannula using a portable capnography monitor (RespSense™, NONIN, Plymouth, USA)

Protocol: After a resting epoch lasting at least 5 minutes (baseline, referred to in the aliases as "B"), a controlled breathing session was initiated. Five-minute recordings were collected at each of the following respiratory rates: 6, 10, or 15 breaths per minute (corresponding to 0.1 Hz, 0.17 Hz, and 0.25 Hz, respectively), guided by a digital metronome (referred to in aliases as "6", "10", "15")


Data description



ID

Type of database (database 1/database 2)

Type of device used for ABP measurement (ECG was measured in the same way in both databases, using a built-in module, attached to photoplethysmography)

Metadata including: sex (male M, female F), and age

Physiological parameters measured during controlled breathing, including:



end-tidal carbon dioxide: ETCO2

Respiratory rate: RR

Carbon dioxide concentration: CO2

Heart rate: HR

Arterial blood pressure: ABP

Cerebral blood flow velocity: CBv


Autonomic Nervous System metrics, including:



joint symbolic dynamics, estimated as the relative frequency of baroreflex-like word types (JSDsym) and the relative frequency of patterns that are opposed to baroreflex behaviour (JSDdiam) (Baumert et al., 2015)

entropy metrics: MSEn, multiscale entropy; ApEn, approximate entropy; SampEn, sample entropy, FuzzyEn, fuzzy entropy

frequency-domain metrics: LFn, HFn, normalized power spectral density of the R-R interval time series in the low-frequency range (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) and the high-frequency range (HF, 0.15–0.40 Hz), obtained by dividing the respective power spectra by a total power (TP, 0.04–0.40 Hz); LF/HF; low-to-high frequency ratio; 

Baroreflex sensitivity estimated using cross-correlation method (xBRS) 

time-domain metrics: SDNN, standard deviation of the R-R intervals;  RMSSD, square root of the mean of the squared successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals; meanNN, mean intervals between normal R-peaks, pNN20 and pNN50, proportion of R-R intervals greater than 20 ms or 50 ms, respectively;


Cerebral autoregulation metrics, including TFA metrics  were provided for two frequency ranges: VLF, very low frequency (0.02–0.07 Hz), BF, breathing frequency (determined for each of the participants for spontaneous breathing and 0.10; 0.17; 0.25 Hz±0.02 Hz for controlled breathing); 



coherence,

phase shift (PS)

gain