DOI: 10.3886/icpsr21600
title: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2018 [Public Use]
title: Archival Version

description: Downloads of Add Health require submission of the following information, which is shared with the original producer of Add Health: supervisor name, supervisor email, and reason for download. A Data Guide for this study is available as a web page and for download. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2018 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships. Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents. Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer. From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study. Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full pregnancy and fertility histories from both men and women, an educational history of dates of degrees and school attendance, contact with the criminal justice system, military service, and various employment events, including the date of first and current jobs, with respective information on occupation, industry, wages, hours, and benefits. Finally, physical measurements and biospecimens were also collected at Wave IV, and included anthropometric measures of weight, height and waist circumference, cardiovascular measures such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, metabolic measures from dried blood spots assayed for lipids, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measures of inflammation and immune function, including High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Wave V data collection took place from 2016 to 2018, when the original Wave I respondents were 33 to 43 years old. For the first time, a mixed mode survey design was used. In addition, several experiments were embedded in early phases of the data collection to test response to various treatments. A similar range of data was collected on social, environmental, economic, behavioral, and health circumstances of respondents, with the addition of retrospective child health and socio-economic status questions. Physical measurements and biospecimens were again collected at Wave V, and included most of the same measures as at Wave IV.
description: Add Health was developed in response to a mandate from the U.S. Congress to fund a study of adolescent health. Waves I and II focused on the forces that may influence adolescents' health and risk behaviors, including personal traits, families, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. As participants aged into adulthood, the scientific goals of the study expanded and evolved. Wave III explored adolescent experiences and behaviors related to decisions, behavior, and health outcomes in the transition to adulthood. Wave IV expanded to examine developmental and health trajectories across the life course of adolescence into young adulthood, using an integrative study design which combined social, behavioral, and biomedical measures data collection. Wave V aimed to track the emergence of chronic disease as the cohort aged into their 30s and early 40s.
description: Add health is a school-based longitudinal study of a nationally-representative sample of adolescents in grates 7-12 in the United States in 1945-45. Over more than 20 years of data collection, data have been collected from adolescents, their fellow students, school administrators, parents, siblings, friends, and romantic partners through multiple data collection components. In addition, existing databases with information about respondents' neighborhoods and communities have been merged with Add Health data, including variables on income poverty, unemployment, availability and utilization of health services, crime, church membership, and social programs and policies.
description: The data files are not weighted. However, the collection features a number of weight variables contained within the following datasets: <strong>DS4:</strong> Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights <strong>DS7:</strong> Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights <strong>DS18:</strong> Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights <strong>DS19:</strong> Wave III: Add Health School Weights <strong>DS21:</strong> Wave III: Public In-Home Weights <strong>DS31:</strong> Wave IV: Public Use Weights <strong>DS42:</strong> Wave V: Public Use Weights Please note that these weights files do not apply to the Biomarker data files. For additional information on the application of weights for data analysis, please see the ICPSR User Guide, or the Guidelines for Analyzing Add Health Data.
description: Response Rates: Response rates for each wave were as follows: <strong>Wave I:</strong> 79 percent <strong>Wave II:</strong> 88.6 percent <strong>Wave III:</strong> 77.4 percent <strong>Wave IV:</strong> 80.3 percent <strong>Wave V:</strong> 71.8 percent
description: <strong>Wave I:</strong> The <strong>Stage 1</strong> in-school sample was a stratified, random sample of all high schools in the United States. A school was eligible for the sample if it included an 11th grade and had a minimum enrollment of 30 students. A feeder school -- a school that sent graduates to the high school and that included a 7th grade -- was also recruited from the community. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12. The <strong>Stage 2</strong> in-home sample of 27,000 adolescents consisted of a core sample from each community, plus selected special over samples. Eligibility for over samples was determined by an adolescent's responses on the in-school questionnaire. Adolescents could qualify for more than one sample. <strong>Wave II:</strong> The Wave II in-home interview surveyed almost 15,000 of the same students one year after Wave I. <strong>Wave III:</strong> The in-home Wave III sample consists of over 15,000 Wave I respondents who could be located and re-interviewed six years later. <strong>Wave IV:</strong> All original Wave I in-home respondents were eligible for in-home interviews at Wave IV. At Wave IV, the Add Health sample was dispersed across the nation with respondents living in all 50 states. Administrators were able to locate 92.5% of the Wave IV sample and interviewed 80.3% of eligible sample members. <strong>Wave V:</strong> All Wave I respondents who were still living were eligible at Wave V, yielding a pool of 19,828 persons. This pool was split into three stratified random samples for the purposes of survey design testing. For additional information on sampling, including detailed information on special oversamples, please see the Add Health Study Design page.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Wave I: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample
DS2: Wave I: Public Use Contextual Database
DS3: Wave I: Network Variables
DS4: Wave I: Public Use Grand Sample Weights
DS5: Wave II: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample
DS6: Wave II: Public Use Contextual Database
DS7: Wave II: Public Use Grand Sample Weights
DS8: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample
DS9: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 17: Relationships)
DS10: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancies)
DS11: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Relationships in Detail)
DS12: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 22: Completed Pregnancies)
DS13: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 23: Current Pregnancies)
DS14: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 24: Live Births)
DS15: Wave III: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 25: Children and Parenting)
DS16: Wave III: Public Use Education Data
DS17: Wave III: Public Use Graduation Data
DS18: Wave III: Public Use Education Data Weights
DS19: Wave III: Add Health School Weights
DS20: Wave III: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT), Public Use
DS21: Wave III: Public In-Home Weights
DS22: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample
DS23: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Relationships)
DS24: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 16C: Relationships)
DS25: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 18: Pregnancy Table)
DS26: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 19: Live Births)
DS27: Wave IV: In-Home Questionnaire, Public Use Sample (Section 20A: Children and Parenting)
DS28: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function
DS29: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis
DS30: Wave IV: Biomarkers, Lipids
DS31: Wave IV: Public Use Weights
DS32: Wave V: Mixed-Mode Survey, Public Use Sample
DS33: Wave V: Mixed-Mode Survey, Public Use Sample (Section 16B: Pregnancy, Live Births, Children and Parenting)
DS34: Wave V: Biomarkers, Anthropometrics
DS35: Wave V: Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Measures
DS36: Wave V: Biomarkers, Demographics
DS37: Wave V: Biomarkers, Measures of Glucose Homeostasis
DS38: Wave V: Biomarkers, Measures of Inflammation and Immune Function
DS39: Wave V: Biomarkers, Lipids
DS40: Wave V: Biomarkers, Medication Use
DS41: Wave V: Biomarkers, Renal Function
DS42: Wave V: Public Use Weights
description: Adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. Respondents were geographically located in the United States.
description: audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI); computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI); computer-assisted self interview (CASI); face-to-face interview; mixed mode; paper and pencil interview (PAPI); telephone interviewWave V data files were minimally processed by ICPSR. For value labeling, missing value designation, and question text (where applicable), please see the available P.I. Codebook/Questionnaires. The study-level documentation (Data Guide, User Guide) does not include Wave V datasets.Documentation for Waves prior to Wave V may use an older version of the study title.Users should be aware that version history notes dated prior to 2015-11-09 do not apply to the current organization of the datasets.Please note that dates present in the <em>Summary</em> and <em>Time Period</em> fields are taken from the Add Health Study Design page. The <em>Date of Collection</em> field represents the range of interview dates present in the data files for each wave.Wave I and Wave II field work was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.Wave III, Wave IV, and Wave V field work was conducted by the Research Triangle Institute.For the most updated list of related publications, please see the Add Health Publications Web site.Additional information on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) series can be found on the
 Add Health Web site.