cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/a75b9569-948a-4bb2-97a5-6863717881c8
title: Historic grassland survey data with contemporary spatial habitat data for semi-natural grasslands across England version 2

description: This dataset compares historic grassland survey data with contemporary spatial data of habitats in England. The National Vegetation Classification (NVC) community and grassland type were determined for 848 quadrats surveyed at grassland sites in England between 1960 and 1981. A 100m buffer was generated around each individual quadrat which matched the spatial accuracy (±100m) of the quadrat location, to represent a grassland site. These sites were intersected with Natural England's Priority Habitats Inventory in ArcGIS, to indicate the percentage cover of priority habitats found at the grassland sites in 2013. This dataset supersedes the previous version.
description: The historic quadrat data was recorded at grassland sites in England between 1960 and 1981, using a standardised methodology. The vegetation in each quadrat was assigned to one of the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) communities using Tablefit. Quadrats were further classified into one of four grassland types; calcareous grassland, lowland heath and dry acid grassland, mesotrophic grassland and wet grassland. The location of each quadrat surveyed was imported into ESRI ArcGIS v10. A 100m buffer was generated around each individual quadrat to represent a grassland site. To indicate the coverage of semi-natural grassland habitats in 2013, Natural England's Priority Habitats Inventory was used. The percentage and type of priority habitat contained within each site was calculated in ArcGIS, using the tabulate intersection function in the spatial analyst toolbox. The percentage of each site designated as a SSSI was also calculated using Natural England's digital boundary data for SSSIs.
DOI: 10.5285/fc9bcd1c-e3fc-4c5a-b569-2fe62d40f2f5
title: UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) meteorology data: 1991-2015

description: Meteorology data from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites. Variables measured include albedo (ground and sky), temperature (dry bulb, wet bulb and soil (at 10cm and 30cm)), relative humidity, radiation (net. and solar), rainfall, surface wetness, soil moisture, wind direction and wind speed. These data are collected by Automatic Weather Stations at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol. They represent continuous hourly records from 1991 to 2015. ECN is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. These organisations are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage.
description: Data are collected by Automatic Weather Stations at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol. Prior to deposit of the data in the EIDC, data are managed by the ECN Data Centre at CEH Lancaster according to defined protocols. 

Verification steps include numeric range checks (i.e. checking if a value falls within a specified range), categorical checks (e.g. checking that a species code appears on the standard code list), formatting (i.e. that the dataset conforms to the specified data format) and logical integrity checks (i.e. checking the data make sense, e.g. that the dates in one dataset match those in a related dataset).

Appropriate range settings for ECN variables have been selected following discussion with specialists in each field. Where data fall outside these ranges, a cautious approach has been adopted towards discarding data on the principle that apparent errors may be valid outliers. Such values are discarded only if there is a clear explanation (e.g. an instrumentation error) and corrections are made where possible. If the reason is unclear, the values are stored, but are qualified using pre-defined quality codes or free-text descriptions. Data providers also use these codes or free text to describe factors affecting sampling outside their control, instrument damage or site management effects.
DOI: 10.5285/5aa0e9ee-9604-4cba-a1ae-5d6708cf6438
title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity data from Sourhope field experiment site, Scotland, 2001 [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: These data comprise arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi diversity data from Sourhope field experiment site.  AM fungi are biotrophic symbionts colonizing the majority of land plants, and are of major importance in plant nutrient supply.  Using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) strategy, the diversity of AM fungi was assessed in 89 roots of three grass species (Agrostis capillaris, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis) that co-occurred in the same plots of the Sourhope field experiment. The impact of different soil amendments (nitrogen, lime, nitrogen and lime) and insecticide application on AM fungal community was also recorded.

Data were collected during a project funded under the NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme, established in 1999 and centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT 8545 1963). During the experiment, the site was monitored to assess changes in above-ground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT 8545 1963).  Samples were collected by students and staff from the University of York at the experimental site before being processed according to standard protocols, with the data then being transferred to the programme data manager at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/99416ba1-b670-4a82-8225-9644293fb4de
title: Field measurements of peatland carbon cycling at a wind farm hosting peatland in Scotland, UK

description: Data from a field-based investigation into the spatio-temporal variability of abiotic and biotic controls on peatland carbon cycling. Data was collected between February 2011 and April 2013, across an area of blanket bog peatland at Black Law Wind Farm, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Plant-soil properties data includes total carbon content, total nitrogen content and carbon to nitrogen ratio of vegetation, litter and peat, carbon and nitrogen stock for litter and peat, bulk density, soil moisture content, pH and soil microbial community composition of peat (Phospholipid Fatty Acids). Peatland carbon cycling data includes measures of litter decomposition, dissolved organic carbon concentration, methane fluxes, net ecosystem exchange, photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration. Physical parameters measured includes below ground temperature from April 2011 to June 2012 and soil moisture content from May 2011 to April 2013.
description: Data from a field-based investigation into the spatio-temporal variability of abiotic and biotic controls on peatland carbon cycling. Data was collected between February 2011 and April 2013, across an area of blanket bog peatland at Black Law Wind Farm, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Plant-soil properties data includes total carbon (C) content (%), total nitrogen (N) content (%) and C:N of vegetation, litter and peat, C stock and N stock for litter and peat (g (C or N) m-2, to depth of litter layer or surface 15 cm of peat), and bulk density (g m-3), soil moisture content (%), pH and soil microbial community composition of peat (Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs) expressed as µg g-1 dry weight of soil). Peatland carbon cycling data includes measures of litter decomposition (expressed as % initial litter mass remaining), dissolved organic carbon concentration ([DOC]) (mg/l), methane (CH4) fluxes, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration (CO2-C m-2 hr-1). Physical parameters measured included belowground temperature (to a depth of 5 cm) from April 2011 to June 2012 and soil moisture content from May 2011 to April 2013.
DOI: 10.5285/fe17ac3b-9a26-48ec-aadd-a3e806f9b5f5
title: Soil dates using radiocarbon in profiles from permafrost in subarctic Canada

description: This dataset consists of soil dates determined using radiocarbon in profiles from permafrost in subarctic Canada. Depth-specific soil core samples were dated using radiocarbon. Soil cores were sampled during early summer in 2013 and 2014. Each year soil cores were sampled from a peatland plateau, thawing features of the peatland plateau, unburnt and burnt black spruce forests, and additional sites in Yukon and Northwest Territories.
description: Plant macrofossils were identified from the bulk soil using a microscope and picked for radiocarbon analysis. Samples were sent to the NERC Radiocarbon Facility in East Kilbride (UK) where they were analysed and given a publication code. Values of radiocarbon enrichment are expressed in percent modern carbon. Ages are reported as conventional radiocarbon age with years BP (before present, where present is defined as AD 1950).
DOI: 10.5285/8e30cead-700c-425c-841f-74c70659666a
title: UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) Cairngorm environmental and phenological data derived from fixed-point repeat photography, 2002-2019

description: This dataset includes the dates and/or duration of all the environmental and phenological events that could be derived from a series of photographs taken by a fixed-point repeat camera system at the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) site in the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland.  

The data covers the timing of permanent winter snow fall and subsequent spring melt on northern and eastern facing hill slopes between 2002 and 2019, as well as invertebrate (spittlebug spittlemass) and plant (heather flowering, scots pine leaf flushing) phenological events between 2010 and 2019.

Three photographs were taken on a daily basis to maximise the chances of cloud free images, with the clearest image used for analysis.  Event detection was generally achieved using manual assessment, but heather flowering showed a high degree of subjectivity, and so an automated pixel colour counting method was used to determine the peak flowering season.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Where data were missed on the automatic repeat photography system due to obscuring weather or a system failure, secondary manual photographs taken during weekly site visits were used to provide bridging data of snow conditions.  Where melt day occurred between two weekly images, the day of melt was subjectively estimated based on size of remnant patches in the final image containing snow; and would carry an error of ±3-4 days.

The camera system was upgraded in 2010.  Phenological data could not be established on the earlier camera system due to image quality issues in the foreground.  However, the change in camera had no impact on the detection of snow events pre- and post- upgrade, so the full time-series is useable.

Data was checked for obvious errors where values might have fallen outside of an expected range.  As most of this dataset involved manual assessment, the event detection date is as perceived by that surveyor.  A different surveyor might find a slightly different date for some variables.  Surveyor differences have not been assessed.
DOI: 10.5285/c6145da7-ec61-49ae-a050-f5c5acd6cf9e
title: Ammonia measurements from passive samplers at Fenn's, Whixall, Wem & Cadney Mosses SAC (2018)

description: This dataset consists of ammonia (NH3) measurements at three sites on Fenn’s, Whixall, Bettisfield, Wem and Cadney Mosses SSSI on the border of Wrexham County Borough (North Wales) and Shropshire (West Midlands). The ammonia measurements are taken from a set of ALPHA (R) (Adapted Low-cost Passive High Absorption) samplers from July to December in the year 2018. The sites were established in order to monitor ammonia during implementation of Site Nitrogen Action Plan (SNAP), as part of the Marches Mosses BogLIFE project. This project aims to restore Britain's third largest lowland raised bog within the Fenn’s, Whixall & Bettisfield Mosses and Wem Moss National Nature Reserves near Whitchurch, Shropshire and Wrexham in Wales.
description: Local site operator duties are completed by Natural England (NE) and analysis is completed by Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster with data processed by Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Edinburgh. Samplers are exposed in monthly cycles at the beginning of each month.
DOI: 10.5285/d176d0af-388b-4a7b-82ca-8fcc38a4ad5d
title: Smart sensor data from tracking the interactions between two wooden dowels travelling along a flume in laboratory experiments

description: This dataset contains measurements from smart sensors and cameras monitoring the movement and interaction between two wooden dowels moving downstream in a flume. The following values in the x, y and z direction are provided: position, velocity, linear acceleration, angular velocity and filtered angular velocity. Three uniform flow conditions were tested, and the experiments were repeated about 30 times. 
description: Each wooden dowel was hollow, and a sensor equipped with an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer was installed within the longitudinal borehole of each one. One dowel was painted red and the other yellow. The experiments were recorded from above by two cameras with a 4K resolution and a frame rate of 30 fps. The accelerometer and gyroscope had an acquisition frequency set at 14.9 Hz, whereas the magnetometer recorded at 5 Hz.

The data were processed and saved in two separate CSV files, one for each dowel and each experiment. First, the cameras were calibrated and the images were rectified. Then, each sensor was calibrated and the orientation angles were computed. The gravity effects were compensated for to compute the linear acceleration. Lastly, a linear Kalman filter was used to computer more reliable linear acceleration, velocity and position values. More details are available in the ReadMe.docx.
DOI: 10.5285/a242e145-21f6-4c3c-b8e4-adce70e50d85
title: Site description and location of direct measured trees in the Ankeniheny Zahamena forest corridor, Madagascar

description: Data comprise location (zone of interest, village name, site code, longitude, latitude, altitude and slope), local tree species name, tree code and tree diameter class of trees selected for direct measurements in the Ankeniheny Zahamena forest corridor, the remains of the evergreen forest of eastern Madagascar.

Data were collected as part of a project funded by the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme under work package 4, P4GES project, grant references: NE/K008692/1, NE/K010115/1, and NE/K010220/1.
description: A forest inventory was carried out within all sites of closed canopy in the four Zone Of Interest (ZOI). Name of species, DBH, and height (H) were recorded during the forest inventory. In order to have an idea of above-ground biomass (AGB) density, AGB at tree level was estimated by applying the allometric equation developed by Chave et al. 2014 on the inventory data. Indeed, the model developed by Chave et al. was considered because it was the most recent and included the existing national equations. Subsequently, total AGB at stand level (Mg.ha-1) for each site was calculated by summing the AGB values of all trees in the same site and dividing this value by the total survey area (ha) sampled. After, two (2) ZOIs were chosen according to the extreme values of AGB at stand level while considering the ease of access. In fact, ZOI3 has the highest value of AGB; ZOI1 and ZOI2 have very similar AGB values and have been the lowest. Thus, considering the accessibility and the cost of the work, ZOI2 was chosen for the direct measurement.

The selection of sites was based on the AGB values per site in relation to the representativeness of each tree size (proportion of trees per DBH class). In order to establish this relation, AGB per site was divided at three class so that each class has the same number of values (a percentage at around 33% of the total number of sites for each class). The aim is to see for each site, which category of tree (in terms of DBH) contributes the most to its biomass (ABG). Afterwards, consideration of contribution of each tree size into AGB density in Mg.ha-1 per site for each ZOI, at least 3 sites for each ZOI were selected for BGB direct measurements. The choice of sites also takes account of the accessibility, any restriction in field process in relation with this protected area zonage.

Target trees were chosen from the four dominant species sorted out from the forest inventory. Target trees were selected by considering the selection of zone, sites, diameter classes and species. Three categories of trees were considered, trees with DBH≥ 20cm, trees with 10≤DBH<20cm and trees with 5≤DBH<10cm.

Following all these process, in total, 54 target trees were selected for direct measurements of BGB: 2 zones * 3 sites/zone * 3 species per site * 3 diameter class / species.
DOI: 10.5285/0dd10858-7b96-41f1-8db5-e7b4c4168af5
title: Hampshire Avon: Daily discharge, stage and water chemistry data from four tributaries (Sem, Nadder, West Avon, Ebble)

description: This dataset contains discharge and surface water chemistry for the six river reaches of contrasting geology (clay, sand, chalk) in the Hampshire Avon. Manual measurements of discharge by the velocity-area method enabled construction of a stage-discharge relationship for each site. Stream stage was measured using pressure transducers from Summer 2013 to Summer 2015. River water samples were collected at 48-hr intervals from Summer 2013 to Summer 2014 and samples were analysed for selected solutes and suspended sediment. 
description: All data were generated by the authors with help from field and laboratory technicians. Stream stage data generated by the pressure transducers were checked fortnightly (when possible) against manual measurements. As chemical data were generated, checks were made to ensure accuracy (certified reference materials) and precision (repeat measurements) were within accepted tolerance limits. We ensured measured values fell within the calibration range and re-analysed samples where necessary.
DOI: 10.5285/14622c4b-8bd4-4624-8ea6-35da7da211cd
title: Causal diagrams linking rural well-being with forest ecosystem services in Mozambique (2014 and 2015)

description: Data comprise causal diagrams which show links between aspects that influence the well-being of rural inhabitants (e.g. good quality of food, good family relationships, education, etc) with ecosystem services (e.g. food from trees, wood sticks for construction, firewood, wood for charcoal production, etc.) and their causes (e.g. change in land use) in rural Mozambique.

Information was gathered at 20 workshops held in Maputo, Xai Xai, Lichinga, Quelimane, and at village level in the districts of Mabalane, Marrupa and Gurue in 2014 and 2015. The objective of the workshops was to examine aspects that influence well-being and their causes in the miombo woodland area of rural Mozambique. One of the objectives of the project was to construct Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) to model future land use change scenarios in rural Mozambique using a participatory approach, to evaluate the consequences of deforestation in the well-being of the rural population.
 
The data were collected as part of the Abrupt Changes in Ecosystem Services and Wellbeing in Mozambican Woodlands (ACES) project and were funded by the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme, funded by NERC, the Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Department for International Development (DfID), the three are government organizations from UK. The project was led by the University of Edinburgh, with the collaboration of the Universidad Mondlane, the IIED, and other organizations. 
description: The data were collected during the development of 20 workshops. Four of them were in cities, and the rest in rural villages. The first type of workshops were divided in two parts, one devoted to Bayesian belief networks (BBN) and the second to scenario construction. 

The data was collected in different ways and formats: 1) one to three persons took notes during the workshops; 2) we recorded most of the discussions after obtaining the acceptance from the participants for doing so; 3) we took pictures of the materials generated, with the necessary quality to read and interpret the content. 

Two persons were in charge of writing down the results from the workshops in the presented documents: one of them wrote a first version, which was then reviewed by a second person. Both persons had been present during the workshops. Both of them did a final review of the documents, and then were approved as official results from the project.
DOI: 10.5285/13896773-01e5-48e6-bfab-c319de46b221
title: Eddy Covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, energy and water flux at an intensively cultivated lowland deep peat soil, East Anglia, UK, 2012 to 2020

description: This dataset contains time series observations of surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), and momentum (τ) for a managed lowland deep peat soil in the East Anglian Fens, England, UK. The site is managed for the production of horticultural salad crops. Measurements were made between the 22nd June 2012 and 1st January 2020 during which lettuce, leek, celery, sugar beet and potatoes crops were grown on the field.

Turbulent flux densities were monitored using the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) technique. The dataset includes ancillary weather and soil physics observations, as well as variables describing atmospheric turbulence and the quality of the turbulent flux observations.
description: Eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological observations were made using an open-path eddy covariance system. Ancillary meteorological and soil physics observations were co-located with the eddy covariance station.

Turbulent flux densities were calculated from the raw EC data using the EddyPRO® Flux Calculation Software Version 6.1.

Quality Control of EC data involved removal of statistical outliers and tests that theoretical requirements for the successful application of the EC technique were not violated significantly. Data gaps in EC data (NEE, LE, H) and the partitioning of NEE into gross ecosystem production and total ecosystem production were performed using the REddyProc Package for R (Reichstein et al., 2019).

Further details are available in the supporting documentation.