cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh71p
title: The Bogert effect and environmental heterogeneity

description: A classic question in evolutionary biology is whether behavioural
 flexibility hastens or hinders evolutionary change. The latter idea, that
 behavior reduces the number of environmental states experienced by an
 organism and therefore buffers that organism against selection, has been
 dubbed the “Bogert Effect” after Charles Bogert, the biologist who first
 popularized the phenomenon using data from lizards. The Bogert Effect is
 pervasive when traits like mean body temperature, which tend to be
 invariant across space in species that behaviourally thermoregulate, are
 considered. Nevertheless, behavioural thermoregulation decreases or stops
 when spatial variation in operative temperature is low. We compared
 environmental temperatures, thermoregulatory behavior, and a suite of
 physiological and morphological traits between two populations of the
 southern rock agama (Agama atra) in South Africa that experience different
 climatic regimes. Individuals from both populations thermoregulated
 efficiently, maintaining body temperatures within their preferred
 temperature range throughout most of their activity cycle. Nevertheless,
 they differed in the thermal sensitivity of resting metabolic rate at
 cooler body temperatures, and in morphology.Our results support the common
 assertion that thermoregulatory behaviour may prevent divergence in traits
 like field-active body temperature, which are measured during periods of
 high environmental heterogeneity. Nevertheless, we show that other traits
 may be free to diverge if they are under selection during times when
 environments are homogenous. We argue that the importance of the Bogert
 Effect is critically dependent on the nature of environmental
 heterogeneity and will therefore be relevant to some traits and irrelevant
 to others in many populations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1vhhmgsk
title: Deer movement and resource selection during Hurricane Irma: implications for extreme climatic events and wildlife

description: Extreme climatic events (ECEs) are increasing in frequency and intensity
 and this necessitates understanding their influence on organisms. Animal
 behavior may mitigate the effects of ECEs, but field studies are rare
 because ECEs are infrequent and unpredictable. Hurricane Irma made
 landfall in southwestern Florida where we were monitoring white-tailed
 deer (Odocoileus virginianus seminolus) with GPS collars. We report on an
 opportunistic case study of behavioral responses exhibited by a large
 mammal during an ECE, mitigation strategies for reducing the severity of
 the ECE effects, and the demographic effect of the ECE based on known-fate
 of individual animals. Deer altered resource selection by selecting higher
 elevation pine and hardwood forests and avoiding marshes. Most deer left
 their home ranges during Hurricane Irma, and the probability of leaving
 was inversely related to home range area. Movement rates increased the day
 of the storm, and no mortality was attributed to Hurricane Irma. We
 suggest deer mobility and refuge habitat allowed deer to behaviorally
 mitigate the negative effects of the storm, and ultimately, aid in
 survival. Our work contributes to the small but growing body of literature
 linking behavioral responses exhibited during ECEs to survival, which
 cumulatively will provide insight for predictions of a species resilience
 to ECEs and improve our understanding of how behavioral traits offset the
 negative impacts of global climate change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5tf2
title: Unoccupied aerial system enabled functional modeling of maize (Zea mays L.) height reveals dynamic expression of loci associated to temporal growth

description: Unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) were used to phenotype growth trajectories
 of inbred maize populations under field conditions. Three recombinant
 inbred line populations were surveyed on a weekly basis collecting RGB
 images across two irrigation regimens (irrigated and non-irrigated/rain
 fed). Plant height, estimated by the 95th percentile (P95) height from UAS
 generated 3D point clouds, exceeded 70% correlation to manual ground truth
 measurements and 51% of experimental variance was explained by genetics.
 The Weibull sigmoidal function accurately modeled plant growth (R2:
 &gt;99%; RMSE: &lt; 4 cm) from P95 genetic means. The mean
 asymptote was strongly correlated (r2=0.66-0.77) with terminal plant
 height. Maximum absolute growth rates (mm d-1) were weakly correlated to
 height and flowering time. The average inflection point ranged from 57 to
 60 days after sowing (DAS) and was correlated with flowering time
 (r2=0.45-0.68). Functional growth parameters (asymptote, inflection point,
 growth rate) alone identified 34 genetic loci, each explaining 3 to 15% of
 total genetic variation. Plant height was estimated at one-day intervals
 to 85 DAS, identifying 58 unique temporal quantitative trait loci (QTL)
 locations. Genomic hotspots on chromosome 1 and 3 indicated chromosomal
 regions associated with functional growth trajectories influencing
 flowering time, growth rate, and terminal growth. Temporal QTL
 demonstrated unique dynamic expression patterns not observable previously,
 no QTL were significantly expressed throughout the entire growing season.
 UAS technologies improved phenotypic selection accuracy and permitted
 monitoring traits on a temporal scale previously infeasible using manual
 measurements, furthering understanding of crop development and biological
 trajectories.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ttdz08kt4
title: Automated analysis of scanning electron microscopic images for assessment of hair surface damage

description: Mechanical damage of hair can serve as an indicator of health status and
 its assessment relies on the measurement of morphological features via
 microscopic analysis, yet few studies have categorized the extent of
 damage sustained, and instead, have depended on qualitative profiling
 based on the presence or absence of specific features. We describe the
 development and application of a novel quantitative measure for scoring
 hair surface damage in scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images without
 predefined features, and automation of image analysis for characterization
 of morphological hair damage after exposure to an explosive blast.
 Application of an automated normalization procedure for SEM images
 revealed features indicative of contact with materials in an explosive
 device and characteristic of heat damage, though many were similar to
 features from physical and chemical weathering. Assessment of hair damage
 with tailing factor, a measure of asymmetry in pixel brightness histograms
 and proxy for surface roughness, yielded 81% classification accuracy to an
 existing damage classification system, indicating good agreement between
 the two metrics. Further ability of tailing factor to score features of
 hair damage reflecting explosion conditions demonstrates the broad
 applicability of the metric to assess damage to hairs containing a diverse
 set of morphological features. 
description: Tif files - scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of hair
 damage LLNL-MI-796595
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k98sf7m2s
title: Data from: Spatial dynamics of alpine treelines under global warming: what explains the mismatch between tree densification and elevational upward shifts at the treeline ecotone?

description: Aim Most studies focusing on the alpine treeline responses to climate
 warming have used either the tree densification within the ecotone or its
 elevational upshift as indicators. However, it is acknowledged that the
 relation between densification and upshift is spatially heterogeneous,
 making inferences and comparability among studies tricky. The lack of
 consistent empirical evidence on this potential mismatch and its drivers
 leads us to focus on this issue in this study. The aim was twofold: (i) to
 quantify the mismatch between the two processes at a regional scale, and
 (ii) to identify its site-specific determinants. Location French eastern
 Pyrenees Time period 1953-2015 Major taxa studied Pinus uncinata (Ramond
 ex DC) Methods An object-oriented supervised classification procedure was
 performed on historical (1953) and current (2015) air-photos. Based on the
 resulting rasters, densification of the treeline ecotone and upward shift
 of the treeline were estimated at the two dates in 191 sites, then
 standardized, before finally being compared. Three site clusters were
 derived (no mismatch, densification prevalence, upshift prevalence). After
 having characterized their spatial patterns through join count statistics,
 a multinomial logistic regression model was computed to identify the
 correlates of these clusters among a list of site variables. Results No
 spatial pattern among the categories of responses emerges at a local
 scale, but buffers with no mismatch tend to aggregate at a larger scale.
 Changes in minimum air temperatures, site elevation, mean slope, slope
 morphometry and lithology appear as significant drivers of the observed
 mismatch, implying that the relation between densification and elevational
 upshift is context-specific. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that
 both densification and upshift should be considered in quantitative
 analyses of treeline spatial dynamics, since these two ecological
 processes are not controlled by the same drivers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpfg
title: Data from: Koe: Web-based software to classify acoustic units and analyse sequence structure in animal vocalisations

description: 1. Classifying acoustic units is often a key step in studying repertoires
 and sequence structure in animal communication.  Manual
 classification by eye and ear remains the primary method, but new tools
 and techniques are urgently needed to expedite the process for large,
 diverse datasets. 2. Here we introduce Koe, an application for classifying
 and analysing animal vocalisations. Koe offers bulk-labelling of units via
 interactive ordination plots and unit tables, as well as visualisation and
 playback, segmentation, measurement, data filtering/exporting and new
 tools for analysing repertoire and sequence structure—in an integrated
 environment. 3. We demonstrate Koe with a real-world case study of New
 Zealand bellbird Anthornis melanura songs from an archipelago
 metapopulation. Having classified 21,500 units in Koe, we compare
 repertoires and sequence structure between sites and sexes. 4. Koe is
 web-based (koe.io.ac.nz) and easy to use, making it ideal for
 collaboration, education and citizen science. By enabling large-scale,
 high-resolution classification and analysis of animal vocalisations, Koe
 expands the possibilities for bioacoustics research.
description: For details on dataset collection and processing, please see the
 paper this dataset accompanies.
description: <em>Koe</em> bioacoustics software is open source.
 <strong>Source code</strong> is accessible at
 github.com/fzyukio/koe The
 <strong><em>Koe</em> user manual</strong> is
 available at https://github.com/fzyukio/koe/wiki The
 <strong>Case Study tutorial</strong> associated with the paper
 is available at
 https://github.com/fzyukio/koe/wiki/Analysis-Tutorial:-Case-Study-of-NZ-bellbird-song   There are two zip files uploaded here: "<strong>Tutorial_NZbellbirds_Song_Files.zip</strong>" provides song recordings from New Zealand bellbirds (<em>Anthornis melanura</em>) in WAV format for users of <em>Koe</em> to test uploading, segmenting, and classifying acoustic units as they follow along with the user manual. "<strong>Koe_Bellbirds_Tutorial_Dataset.zip</strong>" comprises acoustic unit label data, to allow users to reproduce the Case Study in the paper. Download this zip and import into <em>Koe</em> following the step-by-step instructions in  https://github.com/fzyukio/koe/wiki/Analysis-Tutorial:-Case-Study-of-NZ-bellbird-song.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dz08kprt2
title: Data from: Deciphering the stability of grassland productivity in response to rainfall manipulation experiments

description: Aim: Rainfall manipulation experiments are essential tools for deciphering
 mechanisms leading to variation in ecosystem stability across sites. Here,
 we gathered articles reporting results of experimental droughts on
 grasslands above-ground biomass: to identify which indices have been used
 to assess stability, to evaluate the overall grassland responses to
 drought, and to quantify the relative importance of drought
 characteristics and climatic conditions on explaining variation in
 stability. Location: Global Time period: 1989-2018 Major taxa studied:
 Grasslands Methods: We used meta-analysis approaches to evaluate overall
 grassland stability in terms of resistance, recovery and resilience, and
 multi-model inference to assess the relative importance of different
 moderators on explaining variability on those three stability properties.
 Results: Numerous indices of stability have been used, but they are
 inadequate for comparisons across sites. After applying standardized
 indices, we found that grasslands were resilient (biomass remained
 unchanged one year after drought) and exhibited a trade-off between low
 resistance (biomass was lost during drought) and high recovery (new
 biomass was produced after drought). Overall, climatic conditions and
 drought characteristics (intensity, duration and frequency) were not
 important to explain the differences in stability observed across
 grasslands. Main Conclusions: Grasslands are resilient, but if drought
 events last longer than a year, there might be long-term declines of
 biomass production due to incomplete recovery. Despite the hundreds of
 experiments conducted in grasslands across the globe, results are still
 inconclusive due to four important shortcomings: 50% of the studies have
 failed on creating drought, 81% have not included recovery and resilience
 only assessing resistance, 87% have not applied quantitative indices to
 assess stability, and less than 1% of the studies were conducted on
 tropical grasslands. We discuss how to overcome those limitations to
 further improve our ability to ensure a stable grassland productivity
 under climate changes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f7m0cfxrg
title: Towards a comparative approach to the structure of animal personality variation

description: Latent personality traits underpinning observed behavioral variation have
 been studied in a great many species. However, a lack of standardized
 behavioral assays, coupled to a common reliance on inferring personality
 from a single, observed, behavioral trait makes it difficult to determine
 if, when, and how conclusions can be directly compared across taxa. Here,
 we estimate the among-individual (co)variance structure (ID) for a set of
 four behaviors expressed in an open field trial, putatively indicative of
 boldness, in seven species of small freshwater fish. We show that the ID
 matrices differ in terms of the total amount of variation present, and
 crucially the orientation, and as a consequence, biological interpretation
 of the first eigenvector. Specifically, loading of observed traits on the
 main axis of variation in ID matched a priori expectations for a shy-bold
 continuum in only three of the seven cases. Nonetheless, when the ‘shape’
 of the matrices was compared in higher dimensions, there was a high level
 of similarity among species, and weak evidence of phylogenetic signal. Our
 study highlights the present difficulty of trying to compare empirical
 inferences about specific personality traits across studies. However, it
 also shows how multivariate data collection and analysis allows the
 structure of behavioral variation to be quantitatively compared across
 populations or species without reliance on ambiguous verbal labels. It
 also suggests that the field may have much to gain from greater uptake of
 phylogenetically informed comparative approaches when seeking to test
 evolutionary hypotheses about the origin and maintenance of personality
 variation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dv41nsp
title: Evolutionary history and genetic diversity of apomictic allopolyploids in Hieracium s.str. (Asteraceae): morphological versus genomic features

description: Premise of the Study The origin of allopolyploids is believed to shape
 their evolutionary potential, ecology and geographical ranges.
 Morphologically distinct apomictic types sharing the same parental species
 belong to the most challenging groups of polyploids. We evaluated the
 origins and variation of two triploid taxa (Hieracium pallidiflorum, H.
 picroides) presumably derived from the same diploid parental pair (H.
 intybaceum, H. prenanthoides). Methods We used a suite of approaches
 ranging from morphological, phylogenetic (three unlinked molecular
 markers) and cytogenetic analyses (in situ hybridization) to genome size
 screening and genome skimming. Key Results Genotyping proved the expected
 parentage of all analyzed accessions of H. pallidiflorum and H. picroides
 and revealed that nearly all of them originated independently. Genome
 sizes and genome dosage largely corresponded to morphology whereas the
 maternal origin of the allopolyploids had no discernable effect. Polyploid
 accessions of both parental species usually contained genetic material
 from other species. Given the phylogenetic distance of the parents, their
 chromosomes appeared only weakly differentiated in GISH as well as in
 overall comparisons of the repetitive fraction of their genomes.
 Furthermore, the repeatome of a phylogenetically more closely related
 species (H. umbellatum) differed significantly more. Conclusions We proved
 (i) multiple origins of hybridogeneous apomicts from the same diploid
 parental taxa, and (ii) allopolyploid origins of polyploid accessions of
 the parental species. We also showed that the evolutionary dynamics of
 very fast evolving markers such as satellite DNA or transposable elements
 does not necessarily follow patterns of speciation.
description: Alignments of trnT-trnL and gsh1 sequences (Sanger sequencing) in
 fasta format generated manually in BioEdit. Missing data: N, gaps:
 dash Data subjected to Maximum likelihood, Bayesian and
 Maximum parsimony analyses. Results presented in Figs. 8, 9 and Appendix
 S6 of the article.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rr4xgxd56
title: Predator responses to fire: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

description: 1. Knowledge of how disturbances such as fire shape habitat structure and
 composition, and affect animal interactions, is fundamental to ecology and
 ecosystem management. Predators also exert strong effects on ecological
 communities, through top-down regulation of prey and competitors, which
 can result in trophic cascades. Despite their ubiquity, ecological
 importance and potential to interact with fire, our general understanding
 of how predators respond to fire remains poor, hampering ecosystem
 management. 2. To address this important knowledge gap, we conducted a
 systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of fire on terrestrial,
 vertebrate predators worldwide. We found 160 studies spanning 1978–2018.
 There were 36 studies with sufficient information for meta-analysis, from
 which we extracted 96 effect sizes (Hedge’s g) for 67 predator species
 relating to changes in abundance indices, occupancy or resource selection
 in burned and unburned areas, or before and after fire. 3. Studies spanned
 geographic locations, taxonomic families, and study designs, but most were
 located in North America and Oceania (59% and 24%, respectively), and
 largely focussed on felids (24%) and canids (25%). Half (50%) of the
 studies reported responses to wildfire, and nearly one third concerned
 prescribed fires. 4. There were no clear, general responses of predators
 to fire, nor relationships with geographic area, biome or life history
 traits (e.g. body mass and diet). Responses varied considerably between
 species. Analysis of species for which at least three effect sizes had
 been reported in the literature revealed that red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
 mostly responded positively to fire (e.g. higher abundance in burned
 compared to unburned areas) and eastern racers (Coluber constrictor)
 negatively, with variances overlapping zero only slightly for both
 species. 5. Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed strong
 variation in predator responses to fire, and geographic and taxonomic
 knowledge gaps. Varied responses of predator species to fire likely depend
 on ecosystem context. Consistent reporting of ongoing monitoring and
 management experiments is required to improve understanding of the
 mechanisms driving predator responses to fire, and any broader effects
 (e.g. trophic interactions). The divergent responses of species in our
 study suggest that adaptive, context-specific management of predator-fire
 relationships is required.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nvx0k6dn9
title: Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialisation among rock- and soil-dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres

description: 1. Plant growth on harsh substrates (habitat specialisation) requires
 specific traits to cope with stressful conditions. 2. We tested whether
 traits related to nutrient acquisition (root colonisation by fungal
 symbionts, and plant morphological and physiological specialisations), and
 nutrient use (leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and N-
 and P-remobilisation efficiency), were related to habitat specialisation
 for 27 species of Velloziaceae growing either in soil or on rocks in
 extremely P-impoverished campos rupestres habitats. If habitat
 specialisation were to drive trait sorting, then we expect traits to
 differ between those substrates. 3. Both soil and rock-dwelling species
 presented a very low proportion of root length colonised by arbuscular
 mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi. However, rhizosheaths were only
 observed in soil-dwelling species, and vellozioid roots, a specialisation
 that allows for mining P and dissolving quartzite rock, were mostly found
 in rock-dwelling species. We did not observe differences in nutrient-use
 traits between rock- and soil-dwelling species. 4. Roots
 specialisations are strongly correlated with microhabitats, and the
 presence of vellozioid roots seems to mediate bare rock specialisation.
 There is an overall P limitation of plant productivity both on rock and in
 soil of campos rupestres, which does not drive the sorting of traits
 related to aboveground nutrient use and symbiotic P acquisition.
 Therefore, nutrient impoverishment is indeed a very strong environmental
 filter in campos rupestres as a whole, but habitat specialisation plays an
 important role in the spatial distribution of Velloziaceae between
 contrasting substrates.
description: Plant data: Plant traits recorded for 27 species of Velloziaceae,
 4 individuals per species growing on two different substrates in
 <em>campos rupestres</em> along the Espinhaço Range, SE
 Brazil. Soil data: Soil chemical and physical analyses
 from <em>campos rupestres</em> along the Espinhaço Range, SE
 Brazil. Rock data: Rock elemental analyses from
 <em>campos rupestres</em> along the Espinhaço Range, SE
 Brazil.