cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1145
title: Sublimation of solid CO2 dry ice for cooling at low temperatures below -50°C.

description: A research project of ILK Dresden will be presented. The natural substance carbon dioxide is used as working substance for special refrigeration applications in the temperature range below -50°C. For carbon dioxide the use of the sublimation (that means transition from solid to gaseous phase) is necessary, since the triple point is -56.6°C. The basic idea to reach low temperatures is to use the sublimation heat of dry ice in a similar manner like the evaporation in a usual compression refrigeration process. Two fundamental directions of development will be shown: 1. Sublimation of solid carbon dioxide in a surrounding gas phase: The cooling capacity is provided directly at the sublimator heat exchanger. Because of the relatively poor heat transfer in the gas phase for this sublimation, variant new technologies had to be developed in order to reach the best possible refrigeration performance. 2. Sublimation of solid carbon dioxide in a liquid: An advantageous heat transport is possible via the liquid phase. For this purpose a suitable fluid had to be found. This fluid must meet the requirements for optimal sublimation and refrigeration performance at low temperatures. Additionally this fluid must not be flammable.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1182
title: Effect of lubricating oil on flow boiling heat transfer of propane in extruded multi-port tubes.

description: The effects of lubricating oil on flow boiling of the natural refrigerant propane (R290) in mini-channel multiport tubes with 18 paths of square cross section (0.9 mm × 0.9 mm) were experimentally investigated. In the experiments, the local heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were measured using a mini-channel multiport tube made of aluminum. The experiments were conducted over a range of oil circulation rates from 0 to 5 wt%, inlet vapor quality of 0 to 0.25, mass flux of 25 to 70 kgm-2s-1, heat flux of 3 to 8 kWm-2, and evaporation temperature of 15 °C. Polyolester oil, which is miscible with the refrigerant, was used. When the heat flux is small, the heat transfer coefficient tends to decrease almost uniformly as the oil concentration increases, whereas when the heat flux is large, the heat transfer coefficient increases by the addition of oil. We also report on the relationship between oil concentration rate and pressure drops and the comparison between R290 and refrigerant R32.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1285
title: Similarity analysis on heat and mass transfer of absorption process for the falling film flow on a porous medium.

description: Heat and mass transfer of absorption process for the falling film flow on a porous medium is modeled by Darcy-Brinkman equations and solved by using similarity solution technique. The governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using a similarity transformation and solved analytically and numerically by using shooting technique in MATLAB. Boundary layer velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are determined numerically and graphically for various values of Darcy number, dimensionless film thickness, Prandlt number, Schmidt number and other driving parameters. Moreover, the physical parameter such as local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are presented both analytically and graphically.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1328
title: Energy optimization of batch freezing tunnel for meat.

description: Paper published in poster form during the conference. A large amount of meat is frozen in batches in blast freezing tunnels. These tunnels are designed according to old rules of thumb, and they are in most cases running a constant air flow. By optimizing the running conditions of the tunnel, extensive energy savings can be obtained. A Danish ELFORSK research project regarding the energy saving potential of industrial blast freezing tunnels verify these savings. The project covers testing of an industrial tunnel combined with laboratory tests, models, and CFD calculations.This paper presents the results of the project. The focus is on the possibilities to either optimize the efficiency of the tunnel or to reduce the freezing times. Optimization is achieved through modelling and testing. The optimization of the fans, the air flow through the tunnel, and the control strategy are investigated.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1337
title: Experimental investigations of CO2 trans-critical refrigeration system with and without internal heat exchanger for warm climate.

description: In this article, performance of a CO2 trans-critical refrigeration system is experimentally investigated within temperature range 32°C to 45°C, with and without internal heat exchanger. The experiments are conducted for two different evaporator temperatures, 0°C and -5°C, in each, case for four different ambient temperatures 32°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C, for a range of gas cooler pressures. The investigation also covers effect of fan speed on cycle performance for air flow velocity ranging 1 to 3 m∙s-1 over the gas cooler. The experimental study brings out varying level of performance enhancement due to the internal heat exchanger. For the high ambient operation (45°C), the maximum enhancement observed for COP is 5.7% at -5°C evaporator temperature, while the same is found 5.01% at 0°C evaporator temperature, for suitable air flow velocity near 1 m∙s-1. A rise in compressor discharge temperature is also recorded when internal heat exchanger is used.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1353
title: CO2 as secondary fluid as alternative to DX-systems energy evaluation in a MT cabinet.

description: The current F-Gas Regulation restricts the use of fluorinated refrigerants with high GWP100 in commercial refrigeration where centralized refrigeration is commonly use. Alternatives to make these systems more ecofriendly are mainly focused in the use of low-GWP refrigerants as natural refrigerants or flammable fluorinated substances. Since flammability makes centralized DX-systems not suitable for commercial refrigeration, the use of secondary fluids based on brines (water base) or volatile fluids (CO2 mainly) is presented as a long-term solution or transitioning towards more sustainable refrigeration systems. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to compare the energy consumption of three commercial refrigeration systems. The first one is a classic R134a DX-system, the second one is a basic R744 DX-system with an IHX, and finally, the last one, is a HFC indirect expansion system using CO2 as secondary fluid. This comparison has been experimentally assessed in a medium temperature cabinet at three heat rejection temperatures.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1356
title: Thermodynamic analysis on an ammonia water absorption-resorption system for heat pump application.

description: Ammonia water absorption-resorption system employs a desorber and a resorber replacing the evaporator and the condenser in a conventional single stage absorption system. It is advantageous on heat pump applications due to the large temperature glide of the absorption process for better heat matching. Moreover, the high system pressure is reduced so that the cost of fabrication and maintenance can be lowered. The coupling of the system pressure and the solution concentration makes the system flexible to be operated. This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis on the system. The operating features are given to show the performance and the heat matching. In order to improve the performance, a pinch analysis is carried out for better internal heat recovery strategy. A case study is conducted under the operating conditions of producing hot water of 45oC and the ambient temperature of 10oC while the driving hot water approximates 100oC. The minimum heat input is calculated by problem table and the system configuration is constructed by grid method. The performance can be improved by 18.8% compared to a conventional absorption-resorption system. Although the configuration is complicated, it provides an insight of the optimal system with maximum internal heat recovery.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.7
title: Effect of Paederia linearis Hook. f. root on the pasting behavior of  waxy rice flour

description: Chemical properties of convection-dried Paederia linearis Hook. f. (P. linearis Hook. f.) root were determined. It was found that moisture content, fat content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, reducing sugar content and total sugar content of convection-dried P. linearis Hook. f. root were 6.48%, 0.48%, 8.08%, 6.00%, 78.97%, 58.45 mg/g, 69.39 mg/g, respectively. The addition of various concentrations of convection-oven dried P. linearis Hook. f. root (0-5%, w/w) affected differently the pasting behavior of both 12.5% and 15% (w/w) waxy rice flour. The Pasting temperature of waxy rice flour tends to increase with increasing concentration of P. linearis Hook. f. root, whereas the Peak viscosity, Breakdown, Final viscosity and Setback decreased as the concentration of P. linearis Hook. f. root increased (p?0.05). This study also demonstrates that possible to manipulate the pasting behavior of flour by the addition of various concentrations of convection-oven dried P. linearis Hook. f. root in order to tailor food products with desired rheological properties.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1002
title: Integrated CO2 solutions for supermarkets.

description: Supermarkets represent a refrigeration application area which is spearheading towards the total phase in of natural working fluids. Exposed to demanding customers where reputation is an important part of the business, focus is given to cost of ownership, and therefore the energy efficiency of the technical equipment, and the environmental profile. Due to the EU F-gas regulation, vendors supplying conventional, non-natural working fluid refrigeration equipment are facing challenges related to the legislative requirements and supply shortages. It forces them to implement less conventional refrigerants with lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) in their new products. The newly introduced next generation of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with
ultra-low GWPs do have a very short (atmospheric) lifetime, however, the decomposing products are highly toxic in combination with water, and distributed everywhere it becomes a question whether they represent a safe and sustainable alternative. As Gustav Lorentzen said: “We should not try to solve a problem by introducing another problem”. Natural working fluids like CO2 have demonstrated to be an energy efficient and environmentally benign alternative, especially for supermarket applications. Since its fluid- and thermosphysical properties are quite different from most other working fluids, the refrigeration system designs have to be carefully adapted to the properties of CO2, thereby maximising the energy efficiency and minimising the total cost of ownership. Integrated CO2 systems can simultaneously provide refrigeration capacities at various temperature levels, air
conditioning (AC) & dehumidification, heating and even sanitary hot water at adequate temperature levels. A further integration of advanced thermal storage devices can enable centralised supermarket refrigeration systems to become a valuable element within smart (thermal) grids. Well designed and integrated systems can demonstrate reduced power consumption typically by more than 30 %. The article gives examples of the latest system developments applicable in commercial refrigeration / supermarkets.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1108
title: Electrochemical compressor for carbon dioxide.

description: Carbon dioxide is a natural refrigerant with ultra-low global warming potential. It can replace hydrofluorocarbon working fluids which will be globally phased down by 80% by 2050. Moreover, the mechanical compressor in the refrigeration system has a low isentropic efficiency of 65% so there is much room for efficiency improvement. Whereas, the electrochemical compression can approach isothermal compression by novel compressor design with microchannel heat exchangers embedded so that its Nernst compressor efficiency can be greater than 90%ideally. Our recent works demonstrated that natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide can be electrochemically compressed without using any moving parts and lubrication oil. Electrochemical compression of carbon dioxide with oxygen as a carrier gas can reach a compression ratio of 6.12. The electrochemical compressor can be the key technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using carbon dioxide as working fluid in vapor compression refrigeration systems.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1118
title: CO2 as secondary fluid as alternative to DX-systems energy evaluation in a MT cabinet.

description: The current F-Gas Regulation restricts the use of fluorinated refrigerants with high GWP100 in commercial refrigeration where centralized refrigeration is commonly use. Alternatives to make these systems more ecofriendly are mainly focused in the use of low-GWP refrigerants as natural refrigerants or flammable fluorinated substances. Since flammability makes centralized DX-systems not suitable for commercial refrigeration, the use of secondary fluids based on brines (water base) or volatile fluids (CO2 mainly) is presented as a long-term solution or transitioning towards more sustainable refrigeration systems. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to compare the energy consumption of three commercial refrigeration systems. The first one is a classic R134a DX-system, the second one is a basic R744 DX-system with an IHX, and finally, the last one, is a HFC indirect expansion system using CO2 as secondary fluid. This comparison has been experimentally assessed in a medium temperature cabinet at three heat rejection temperatures.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1320
title: Gas cooler with reduced pipe to pipe heat conduction.

description: It is suggested how to optimise the coil design for a CO2 gas cooler in a 9kW condensing unit (CDU) for medium temperature (MT) applications by avoiding heat transfer from pipe to pipe. Air cooled gas coolers for CO2 with coils of copper tubes and aluminium fins are often designed as condensers for traditional refrigerants. The heat transferred via the fins from pipe to pipe is often neglected. This constitutes a loss which is bigger for trans critical CO2 applications than for other refrigerants. A method is described which uses a simple guideline for the layout of the circuitry and checks the performance by means of calculations consistent with the ecodesign requirements for CDUs. The calculations of the coils are carried out by a freeware calculation program. It is expected that the new design can improve the seasonal energy performance ratio (SEPR) by up to 8%. Tests are pending to verify the design.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1344
title: Refrigerant conditions at the capillary tube inlet of a household refrigerator.

description: Capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger (CT-SLHX) is a component widely used in household refrigerators. Recent works pointed out that even measuring subcooled conditions, the actual capillary tube inlet is two-phase flow. The main objective of this work is to visualize and assess experimentally the conditions taking place at the capillary tube inlet of a household refrigerator working with isobutane. The tube and wire condenser was replaced by a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger in order to better assess the refrigerant conditions at the capillary tube inlet. Transparent tubes were set up at the condenser outlet and at the capillary tube inlet. The experiments confirmed the entrance of vapor and liquid in the capillary tube. Measurements indicated a non-equilibrium two-phase flow composed of subcooled vapor and liquid at the capillary tube inlet. The reason for the existence of two-phase flow seems to be the matching between the capillary tube and the compressor flow rates, meaning that the capillary tube is oversized. A smaller capillary tube diameter with different compressor speeds was tested, proving that at 2500 rpm the inlet of the capillary tube became full of liquid and clearly subcooled liquid conditions were measured.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1362
title: Strategy for the control of two groups of ejectors operating in parallel in integrated R744 refrigeration systems.

description: Commercial refrigeration systems using CO2 as refrigerant are becoming common in the South of Europe, due to technological solutions such as the use of ejectors or parallel compression that allow their efficiency to be enhanced even at high-temperature conditions. Under such conditions, there is also an AC demand and an interesting opportunity is to integrate it within the same refrigeration unit. A system with two groups of ejectors is proposed in order to achieve a successful integration of the loads in the same system: one dedicated to driving refrigerant from the medium-temperature to the intermediate pressure level and another to circulating the refrigerant through the AC evaporators. However, there is a challenge concerning the control of the high pressure of the cycle when there is a high ratio of AC load to refrigeration load or the AC ejectors perform inefficiently. Several solutions have been analyzed in this work.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1393
title: Numerical modeling of a supersonic steam ejector for a heat powered refrigeration systems.

description: Ejector chillers can be suitable competitors for absorption chillers as soon as their efficiency is improved. This can be achieved by a careful design of the ejector, which implies an advanced understanding of the complex flow phenomena occurring in this device, and the development of computational tools capable to predict such a behavior. In the present paper a CFD model for predicting metastable condensation inside a steam ejector is presented and validated with experimental data from literature. Moreover, a detailed description of the main phenomena and metastable effects in the supersonic ejector is presented with a comparison of different CFD models developed on a commercial solver.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1442450
title: Intron Seqfish Data

description: 1.tif to 5.tif: Intron seqFISH images from barcoding round I to V, which contain 12 pseudo-colors (channel 1 to 12) with z stacks. Images were already aligned in 3D.

RoiSet.zip: Segmentation mask of the nuclei, made by ROI manager of ImageJ.

rep4-coordinates_Pos0.csv: decoded intron spot results with x, y, z coords. Columns are genes and rows are cells (ordered by cells in the RoiSet).

2017-08-23-10k-gene-barcodes round I to V.csv: barcode keys assigned to each gene we imaged. Barcoding round I to V and 12 pseudo-colors in each round.

The latest codes used in the intron seqFISH paper are available with the link (https://github.com/CaiGroup/Intron-SeqFish).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1442451
title: Intron Seqfish Data

description: 1.tif to 5.tif: Intron seqFISH images from barcoding round I to V, which contain 12 pseudo-colors (channel 1 to 12) with z stacks. Images were already aligned in 3D.

RoiSet.zip: Segmentation mask of the nuclei, made by ROI manager of ImageJ.

rep4-coordinates_Pos0.csv: decoded intron spot results with x, y, z coords. Columns are genes and rows are cells (ordered by cells in the RoiSet).

2017-08-23-10k-gene-barcodes round I to V.csv: barcode keys assigned to each gene we imaged. Barcoding round I to V and 12 pseudo-colors in each round.

The latest codes used in the intron seqFISH paper are available with the link (https://github.com/CaiGroup/Intron-SeqFish).
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.10
title: Medicinal Plants in Asia

description: Today, more than one-third of approved drugs in the global pharmaceutical markets are derived from natural products. Since the discovery of the DNA double helix by Watson and Crick in 1953, there has been an explosive convergence of molecular biology, drug discovery, biotechnology and traditional herbal medicine. The antineoplastic drug palitaxol and its derivatives serve to illustrate this disruptive development within the global healthcare industry. In 2016, paclitaxol (Taxol?) and its derivative (Abraxane?) generated USD 1.7 billion a year in revenue for the Swedish drug company Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB. Paclitaxel occurs naturally in coniferous species belonging to the arboreal Yew genus and exerts its pharmacological effects against a range of cancers - including gynaecological, pulmonary, gastric and pancreatic tumours - by interfering with microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics within neoplastic cells. In a Phase III clinical trial, when compared with the chemotherapeutic combination drug regimen of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil and prednisone, the use of paclitaxel monotherapy was able to increase 2-year survival rate in female patients with metastatic breast cancer by nearly 2-fold, from 20% to 39% (N=209). In terms of the scope for translational research and development, there are an estimated 500,000 plant species in the world, of which the Thai and Chinese Materia Medica have approximately 1,800 and 7,000 species listed, respectively. These natural resources proffer immense economic value and profound healthcare proposition that await global collective harnessing, for the common good.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.11
title: Oleic acid and palmitic acid induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HepG2 model

description: Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated fatty acid which is the major constituent of plant oils including olive oil and almond oil while palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid which is commonly found in nature such as palm oil and lard oil, and also in human body. These fatty acids have shown the effects on both health benefits and diseases. In recent years, an interest in metabolic impact has been renewed and suggested that OA and PA can induce steatosis which is defined as 5.5% intrahepatic fat disposition of total liver weight. Hence, this study aimed to establish optimal models of fatty acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells (5?105 cells/well) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum for 24 h before treated with 1 and 5 mM of OA and PA for 24 h. The control group was simply subjected to 0.5% isopropanol. After 24-h of the treatments, histology was observed with Oil Red O (ORO) staining. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha/gamma (PPAR-?/?) mRNA were determined. A large number of lipid droplets were detected in HepG2 cells exposed OA and PA in a dose-dependent pattern in which the histomorphological features of both OA- and PA-exposure at the dose of 5 mM exhibited cell shrinkage especially that of PA. Levels of AST and ALT were unchanged while the expression of PPAR-?/? mRNA were elevated by both OA and PA in a dose-dependent manner. OA and PA note as potential compounds to induce steatosis in HepG2 cells with the optimal concentration of 1 mM for stimulation of simple steatosis
description: nevertheless OA is more potent steatogenic than PA with less apoptotic effect.