cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59zw3r243
title: Habitat fragmentation influences genetic diversity and differentiation: Fine-scale population structure of Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud)

description: Forest fragmentation may negatively affect plants through reduced genetic
 diversity and increased population structure due to habitat
 isolation, decreased population size, and disturbance of
 pollen-seed dispersal mechanisms. However, in the case of tree
 species, effective pollen-seed dispersal, mating system, and ecological
 dynamics may help the species overcome the negative effect of forest
 fragmentation. A fine-scale population genetics study can shed
 light on the postfragmentation genetic diversity and structure of
 a species. Here, we present the genetic diversity and population structure
 of Cercis canadensis L. (eastern redbud) wild populations on a fine scale
 within fragmented areas entered around the borders of
 Georgia–Tennessee, USA. We hypothesized high genetic diversity
 among the collections of C. canadensis distributed across smaller
 geographical ranges. Fifteen microsatellite loci were used to
 genotype 172 individuals from 18 unmanaged and naturally occurring
 collection sites. Our results indicated presence of population
 structure, overall high genetic diversity (HE = 0.63,
 HO = 0.34), and moderate genetic differentiation (FST =
 0.14) among the collection sites. Two major genetic clusters
 within the smaller geographical distribution were revealed by
 STRUCTURE. Our data suggest that native C. canadensis populations in the
 fragmented area around the Georgia–Tennessee border were able to maintain
 high levels of genetic diversity, despite the presence of considerable
 spatial genetic structure. As habitat isolation may negatively affect gene
 flow of outcrossing species across time, consequences of habitat
 fragmentation should be regularly monitored for this and other
 forest species. This study also has important implications for habitat
 management efforts and future breeding programs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n02v6wwt4
title: Experimental N and P additions relieve stoichiometric constraints on organic-matter flows through five stream food webs

description: 1. Human activities have dramatically altered global patterns of nitrogen
 (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. This pervasive nutrient pollution is
 changing basal resource quality in food webs, thereby affecting rates of
 biological productivity and the pathways of energy and material flow to
 higher trophic levels. 2. Here, we investigate how the stoichiometric
 quality of basal resources modulates patterns of material flow through
 food webs by characterizing the effects of experimental N and P enrichment
 on the trophic basis of macroinvertebrate production and flows of dominant
 food resources to consumers in five detritus-based stream food webs. 3.
 After a pre-treatment year, each stream received N and P at different
 concentrations for two years, resulting in a unique dissolved N:P ratio
 (target range from 128:1 to 2:1) for each stream. We combined estimates of
 secondary production and gut contents analysis to calculate rates of
 material flow from basal resources to macroinvertebrate consumers in all
 five streams, during all three years of study. 4. Nutrient enrichment
 resulted in a 1.5´ increase in basal resource flows to primary consumers,
 with the greatest increases occurring among diatoms and wood, which
 experienced the largest reductions in carbon:P (C:P) ratios. Flows of most
 basal resources were negatively related to resource C:P, indicating
 widespread P-limitation in these detritus-based food webs. Nutrient
 enrichment resulted in a greater proportion of leaf litter, the dominant
 resource flow-pathway, being consumed by macroinvertebrates, with that
 proportion increasing with decreasing leaf litter C:P. However, the
 increase in efficiency with which basal resources were channeled into
 metazoan food webs was not propagated to macroinvertebrate predators, as
 flows of prey did not systematically increase following enrichment and
 were unrelated to basal resource flows. 5. This study suggests that
 ongoing global increases in N and P supply will increase organic-matter
 flows to metazoan food webs in detritus-based ecosystems by reducing
 stoichiometric constraints at basal trophic levels. However, the extent to
 which those flows are propagated to the highest trophic levels likely
 depends on responses of individual prey taxa and their relative
 susceptibility to predation.
description: Methods for data collection and processing can be found in the
 metadata tabs of data spreadsheets and in the associated manuscript and
 citations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sht
title: Emergent social cohesion for coping with community disruptions in disasters

description: Social cohesion is an important determinant of community well-being,
 especially in times of distress such as disasters. This study investigates
 the phenomena of emergent social cohesion, which is characterized by
 abrupt, temporary, and extensive social ties with the goal of sharing and
 receiving information regarding a particular event influencing a
 community. In the context of disasters, emergent social cohesion, enabled
 by social media usage, could play a significant role in improving the
 ability of communities to cope with disruptions in recent disasters. In
 this study, we employed a network reticulation framework to examine the
 underlying mechanisms influencing emergent social cohesion in online
 social media while communities cope with disaster-induced disruptions. We
 analyzed neighborhood-tagged social media data (social media data whose
 users are tagged by neighborhoods) in Houston during Hurricane Harvey to
 characterize four modalities of network reticulation (i.e., enactment,
 activation, reticulation, and performance) giving rise to emergent social
 cohesion. Our results show that, unlike regular social cohesion,
 communication history and physical proximity do not significantly affect
 emergent social cohesion. The results also indicate that weak social ties
 play an important role in bridging different social network communities,
 and hence reinforce emergent social cohesion. The findings can inform
 public officials, emergency managers and decision-makers regarding the
 important role of neighborhood-tagged social media, as a new form of
 community infrastructure, for improving the ability of communities to cope
 with disaster disruptions through enhanced emergent social cohesion.
description: See README file for further instructions
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jh9w0vt7f
title: Proximity to oil wells in North Dakota does not impact nest success of ducks but lowers nest densities

description: Over the past decade, the United States has seen a rapid increase in oil
 and gas extraction from areas where resources were previously thought to
 be unrecoverable, particularly the Bakken shale formation in North
 Dakota. The Bakken overlaps with the Prairie Pothole Region, the
 most critical habitat in North America for breeding ducks, where oil and
 gas extraction through hydraulic fracturing has the potential to impact
 more than a million duck pairs in the United States alone.  Here,
 we evaluated the effect of oil and gas development on nesting ducks
 2015–2017 across 5 counties in North Dakota. Using data from
 ~4,000 nests we found that nest survival was higher at sites composed of a
 higher percentage of grassland, and for nests found closer to major
 roads.  We found no effect of any metric of oil and gas
 extraction activity on duck nest survival.  Using
 survival-corrected estimates of nest density, we found higher densities of
 nests closer to roads, but lower nest densities at sites surrounded by
 more wells.  Our top-ranked model indicated that nest density was
 predicted to decline by 14% relative to sites with no development, given
 the average number of wells (3.15 wells) within 1500 m of a
 site.  However, within a nesting field, we found no evidence that
 ducks were avoiding petroleum-related infrastructure at smaller spatial
 scales.  Our results indicate mixed effects of oil and gas
 development on nesting waterfowl, and highlight both the resiliency of
 dabbing ducks to environmental change and the need for additional research
 on other aspects of duck breeding biology. 
description: Nesting data were collected by a graduate student and teams of
 technicians. Briefly, we drove ATVs parallel through a field with a chain
 strung between them. When the chain dragged over the top of a duck nest,
 the hen flushed and we located and monitored the nest. Data entry from
 nest cards to Excel, analysis in ArcMap, R, and MARK.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95x95
title: Data from: Cybernetic combatants support the importance of duels in the evolution of extreme weapons

description: A current evolutionary hypothesis predicts that the most extreme forms of
 animal weaponry arise in systems where combatants fight each other
 one-to-one, in duels. It has also been suggested that arms races in human
 interstate conflicts are more likely to escalate in cases where there are
 only two opponents. However, directly testing whether duels matter for
 weapon investment is difficult in animals and impossible in interstate
 conflicts. Here, we test whether superior combatants experience a
 disproportionate advantage in duels, as compared with multi-combatant
 skirmishes, in a system analogous to both animal and military contests;
 the battles fought by artificial intelligence agents in a computer
 war-game. We found that combatants with experimentally improved fighting
 power had a large advantage in duels, but that this advantage deteriorated
 as the complexity of the battlefield was increased by the addition of
 further combatants. This pattern remained under the two different forms of
 advantage granted to our focal A.I. combatants, and became reversed when
 we switched the roles to feature a weak focal A.I. among strong opponents.
 Our results suggest that one-on-one combat may trigger arms races in
 diverse systems. These results corroborate the outcomes of studies of both
 animal and interstate contests, and suggest that elements of animal
 contest theory may be widely applicable to arms races generally.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mcvdncjww
title: Genomic variation in the American pika: signatures of geographic isolation and implications for conservation

description: Distributional responses by alpine taxa to repeated, glacial-interglacial
 cycles throughout the last two million years have significantly influenced
 the spatial genetic structure of populations. These effects have been
 exacerbated for the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small alpine
 lagomorph constrained by thermal sensitivity and a limited dispersal
 capacity. As a species of conservation concern, long-term lack of gene
 flow has important consequences for landscape genetic structure and levels
 of diversity within populations. Here, we use reduced representation
 sequencing (ddRADseq) to provide a genome-wide perspective on patterns of
 genetic variation across pika populations representing distinct
 subspecies. To investigate how landscape and environmental features shape
 genetic variation, we collected genetic samples from distinct geographic
 regions as well as across finer spatial scales in two geographically
 proximate mountain ranges of eastern Nevada.    
description: DNA was extracted from pika tissue samples representing 35
 <i>O. p. schisticeps</i>, 21 <i>O. p.
 saxitilis</i>, and 115 <i>O. p. princeps</i> individuals
 (Fig. 1) using a Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit and quantified on a
 QIAxpert UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA, USA).
 Reduced representation libraries were prepared for Illumina sequencing
 following a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol (Parchman et al. 2012)
 analogous to ddRADseq (Peterson et al. 2012).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j6q573n9b
title: Pliocene-early Pleistocene geological events structure Pacific martens (Martes caurina)

description: The complex topography, climate and geological history of Western North
 America has shaped contemporary patterns of biodiversity and species
 distributions in the region. Pacific martens (Martes caurina) are
 distributed along the northern Pacific Coast of North America with
 disjunct populations found throughout the Northwestern Forested Mountains
 and Marine West Coast Forest ecoregions of the West Coast. Martes in this
 region have been classified into subspecies; however, the subspecific
 designation has been extensively debated. In this study, we use genomic
 data to delineate conservation units of Pacific marten in the
 Sierra-Cascade-Coastal montane belt in the Western United States. We
 analyzed the mitochondrial genome for 94 individuals to evaluate the
 spatial distribution and divergence times of major lineages. We further
 genotyped 401 individuals at 13 microsatellite loci to investigate major
 patterns of population structure. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA
 suggest substantial genetic substructure concordant with historical
 subspecies designations. Our results revealed that the region contains two
 distinct mitochondrial lineages: a Cascades/Sierra lineage that diverged
 from the Cascades/coastal lineage 2.23 (1.48-3.14 MYA), consistent with
 orogeny of the Cascade Mountain chain. Interestingly, Pacific Martes share
 phylogeographic patterns similar with other sympatric taxa, suggesting the
 complex geological history has shaped the biota of this region. The
 information is critical for conservation and management efforts and
 further investigation of adaptive diversity is warranted following
 appropriate revision of conservation management designations.
DOI: 10.6086/d1th5k
title: Identifying mechanisms for successful ecological restoration with salvaged topsoil in coastal sage scrub communities

description: Although above-ground metrics remain the standard, restoring functional
 ecosystems should promote both above- and belowground biotic communities.
 Restoration using salvaged soil — removal and translocation of topsoil
 from areas planned for development, with subsequent deposition at degraded
 sites — is an alternative to traditional methods. Salvaged soil contains
 both seed and spore banks, which may holistically augment restoration.
 Salvaged soil methods may reduce non-native germination by burying
 non-native seeds, increase native diversity by adding native seeds, or
 transfer soil microbiomes, including AMF, to recipient sites. We
 transferred soil to three degraded recipient sites and monitored soil
 microbes using flow cytometry and molecular analyses, and characterized
 the plant community composition. Our findings suggest that salvaged soil
 at depths 5 cm reduced non-native grass cover and increased
 native plant density and species richness. Bacterial abundance at
 recipient sites was statistically equivalent to donor sites abundance.
 Overall, topsoil additions affected AMF alpha diversity and community
 composition, and increased rhizophilic AMF richness. Because salvaged soil
 restoration combines multiple soil components, including native plant and
 microbial propagules, it may promote both above- and below-ground
 qualities of the donor site, when applying this method for restoring
 invaded and degraded ecosystems.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j9kd51c85
title: Negative feedback concept in tagging: ghost tags imperil the long-term monitoring of fishes

description: Wildlife monitoring using passive telemetry has become a robust method for
 investigating animal migration. With increased use, this method
 progressively pollutes the environment with technological waste
 represented by so called ghost tags (PIT tags ending in the environment
 due to reproductive expulsions, shedding or animal mortality). However,
 their presence in the environment may lead to failed detections of living
 individuals. We used tagging data from studies of the asp Leuciscus aspius
 and the bleak Alburnus alburnus collected from 2014 to 2018 and located
 ghost tag positions on the monitored spawning site using portable backpack
 reader for their detection. We modelled virtual river-wide flat-bed
 antennas (widths 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m) representing monitoring effort
 and estimated the probability of the presence of ghost tags within the
 antenna field. Of 3724 PIT tags used in the study, we detected on the
 spawning ground 173 ghost tags originating from long-term monitoring. The
 ghost tags accumulated in the environment in time, suggesting insufficient
 degradation rate or shift downstream from the research site. Number of
 ghost tags present on the spawning ground led to high probability of
 disabled readings of tagged fish passing through the antenna
 electro-magnetic field. We demonstrate how accumulated ghost tags may
 cause detection failures for focal species and incomplete data
 acquisition. We infer that intensive long-term monitoring using PIT tag
 technology may encumber future data acquisition or entail additional costs
 for clean-up.
description: Spreadsheet has two tabs: 1)
 number_of_points_distance_1D: Data used for the model of antenna
 interefence with ghost tags. The modelled detection range (0.2 - 0.8),
 distance from weir (weir_dist), number of ghost tags (count) and
 interference (True, False) are given. 2)
 cumulative_no_of_ghost_tags, 2014-2018
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tht76hdw4
title: Prior adaptation of parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests

description: There is increasing demand for sustainable pest management to reduce
 harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. For
 pest aphids, biological control with parasitoid wasps provides a welcome
 alternative, particularly in greenhouses. However, aphids are frequently
 infected with the heritable bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa,
 which increases resistance to parasitoids and thereby hampers biological
 control. Using the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and its main parasitoid
 Lysiphlebus fabarum, we tested whether prior adaptation of parasitoids can
 improve the control of symbiont-protected pests. We had parasitoid lines
 adapted to two different strains of H. defensa by experimental evolution,
 as well as parasitoids evolved on H. defensa-free aphids. We compared
 their ability to control caged aphid populations comprising 60%
 unprotected and 40% H. defensa-protected aphids, with both H. defensa
 strains present in the populations. Parasitoids that were not adapted to
 H. defensa had virtually no effect on aphid population dynamics compared
 to parasitoid-free controls, but one of the adapted lines and a mixture of
 both adapted lines controlled aphids successfully, strongly benefitting
 plant growth. Selection by parasitoids altered aphid population
 composition in a very specific manner. Aphid populations became dominated
 by H. defensa-protected aphids in the presence of parasitoids, and each
 adapted parasitoid line selected for the H. defensa strain it was not
 adapted to. This study shows, for the first time, that prior adaptation of
 parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests, but
 the high specificity of parasitoid counter-resistance may represent a
 challenge for its implementation.
description: See README file.
description: See README file.
DOI: 10.15139/s3/vmuutp
title: Data Management and Sharing Plan for: What works, for whom? Applying novel precision medicine methods to people with mental illness in the justice system.

description: The Data Management and Sharing Plan describes the scientific data to be generated and/or used in the research and outlines a strategy for managing and sharing project data.
description: Data Management and Sharing Plan
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr7xk
title: Data from: Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle

description: Intact interactions between plants and pollinators are essential for the
 reproduction of pollinator-dependent plant species. Global change factors,
 such as climate change, have the potential to disrupt these interactions
 and subsequently impair pollination service. This disruption can result in
 insufficient pollen receipt for plants and lower their reproduction
 success. High latitude sites experience particularly rapid climate change
 and plants at these locations are expected to be vulnerable to lower
 reproductive success due to pollen limitation. Pollen supplementation
 experiments, which assess the degree to which plant reproduction is pollen
 limited, have been conducted across the globe but are rare in high
 latitude regions. To fill this knowledge gap, we experimentally
 investigated the pollinator dependence and magnitude of pollen limitation
 in eight plant species north the Arctic Circle in Lapland, Finland. Our
 findings show that all plant species were pollinator dependent, but not
 pollen limited. We discuss several mechanisms that might buffer our focal
 plants from pollen limitation. Our results demonstrate that many plant
 species north of the Arctic Circle are currently receiving adequate
 pollinator service and provide a baseline for future comparisons of
 pollinator dependence and pollen limitation in the Arctic across species
 and time.
description: The spreadsheet contains the total number of flowers, fruits and
 viable seeds as well as the ratios of number of fruits per flower, number
 of seeds per fruit and number of seeds per flower for eight plant species
 belonging to one of three treatments (Bagged, Natural or Supplement).
 Missing values are denoted with NA.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x3ffbg7fj
title: Trait-dependency of trophic interactions in zooplankton food webs

description: Anthropogenic change in the abundance or identity of dominant top
 predators may induce reorganizations in whole food webs. Predicting these
 reorganizations requires identifying the biological rules that govern
 trophic niches. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of the
 respective contributions of body size, behaviour (e.g., match between
 predator hunting mode and prey antipredator strategy), phylogeny and/or
 ontogeny in determining both the presence and strength of trophic
 interactions. Here, we address this question by measuring zooplankton
 numerical response to fish predators in lake enclosures. We compared the
 fit to zooplankton count data of models grouping zooplankters based either
 on (i) body sizes, (ii) antipredator behaviour, (iii) body size combined
 with antipredator behaviour, or on (iv) phylogeny combined with ontogeny
 (i.e., different life stages of copepods). Body size was a better
 predictor of zooplankton numerical response to fish than antipredator
 behaviour, but combining body size and behaviour provided even better
 predictions. Models based on phylogeny combined with ontogeny clearly
 outperformed those based on other zooplankton grouping rules, except when
 phylogeny was poorly resolved. Removing ontogenetic information plagued
 the predictive power of the highly-resolved (genus-level) phylogenetic
 grouping but not of medium-resolved or poorly-resolved phylogenetic
 grouping. Our results support the recent use of phylogeny as a superior
 surrogate for traits controlling trophic niches, and further highlight the
 added value of combining phylogeny with ontogenetic traits. Further
 improvements in our mechanistic understanding of how trophic networks are
 shaped are bound to uncovering the trophic traits captured by phylogeny
 and ontogeny, but that currently remain hidden to us.
description: See README file for further instructions
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ajea58
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002206-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.