cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/7aejke
title: Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Groll, Elisa Von (2025): Twenty new species of Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 990: 1-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.990.2903, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2903/13151Abstract. Scaphidiinae (shining fungus beetles) is a subfamily of Staphylinidae generally associated with fungi and slime moulds. They are distributed worldwide, but the Brazilian fauna is poorly known. In this manuscript, twenty new species assigned to five genera are described: Cyparium fugitivum sp. nov., Alexidia convivalis sp. nov., A. solitaria sp. nov., Baeocera ardua sp. nov., B. bottine sp. nov., B. colibri sp. nov., B. facilis sp. nov., B. inusitata sp. nov., B. pulga sp. nov., Scaphisoma hilarum sp. nov., S. infinitum sp. nov., S. mutabile sp. nov., S. peculiare sp. nov., Toxidium brigadeirense sp. nov., T. distortum sp. nov., T. fleche sp. nov., T. inusitatum sp. nov., T. scalenum sp. nov., T. speratum sp. nov. and T. ultimum sp. nov. The specimens were collected in remnants of Atlantic Forest, in Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil, directly from the host (fungi and/or slime moulds). Descriptions include host associations, illustrations of the external and internal morphology of adult males and females, whenever it is possible. Also, an illustrated key to the Brazilian genera and their respective diagnoses is provided.
DOI: 10.15468/jmc8a0
title: Glanure de fourmis africaines.

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Santschi, F. (1913): Glanure de fourmis africaines. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 57: 302-314, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/3723/3723.pdf
DOI: 10.15468/4x4yte
title: Revision of genus Zele Curtis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) from China, with description of nineteen new species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Fang, Yu, van Achterberg, Cornelis, Tang, Pu, Chen, Xue-xin (2025): Revision of genus Zele Curtis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) from China, with description of nineteen new species. ZooKeys 1248: 125-208, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.158182AbstractZele Curtis is a braconid parasitoid wasp genus within the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), consisting of only 30 species worldwide. The Chinese species of the genus Zele are revised and 29 species are now recognised, including 19 species new to science: Z. aquilus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. carinatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. confusus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. cristatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. curvatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. curvinervis Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. densipunctatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. extensus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. fulgidus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. fuscatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. impolitus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. inclinator Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. irregularis Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. petiolatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. rugulosus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. sculpticoxis Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. shaanxiensis Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., Z. syntomus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov., and Z. vacatus Fang, van Achterberg & Chen, sp. nov. 31 barcode region sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) from the genus Zele were obtained and combined with 102 sequences from BOLD. They were used to validate new species and to get an indication of similarity among species. Three species are reinstated: Zele peronatus (Shestakov, 1940), Z. romani (Fahringer, 1929), and Z. rufulus (Thomson, 1895). In addition, an identification key for the Zele species recorded in China (plus one expected species) is provided.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18068591
title: Daten der Notaufnahmesurveillance

description: Der Datensatz "Daten der Notaufnahmesurveillance" wird durch das Robert Koch-Institut und das AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregister bei Krankenhausaufnahmen bereitgestellt. Der Datensatz beinhaltet aggregierte Routinedaten aus deutschen Notaufnahmen zur syndromischen Überwachung von akuten Erkrankungen. Dazu zählen grippeähnliche Erkrankungen (ILI), Coronavirus-Erkrankungen (COVID-19), akute respiratorische Erkrankungen (ARE), gastrointestinale Infektionen (GI) und schwere akute respiratorische Infektionen (SARI). Dabei wird der relative Anteil dieser Erkrankungen an der Gesamtzahl der Notaufnahmevorstellungen sowie die berechneten Erwartungswerte und Prädiktionsintervalle ausgewiesen. Die Daten sind nach Notaufnahmetypen und Altersgruppen aggregiert. Damit bietet der Datensatz eine wertvolle Ressource für die Forschung im Bereich der Notfallmedizin und der Überwachung akuter Gesundheitsereignisse in Deutschland.
DOI: 10.15468/pbg33n
title: Phalangeridae

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original book chapter Russell A. Mittermeier, Don E. Wilson (2015): Phalangeridae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5 Monotremes and Marsupials. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 456-497, ISBN: 978-84-96553-99-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6657415
DOI: 10.15468/ebxrhx
title: Catalog of the Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in the entomological collections of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil, with an illustrated key for the genera occurring in Brazil (except Aeneolucentia,

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Sampaio, Aline, Fonseca, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos Da (2023): Catalog of the Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in the entomological collections of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil, with an illustrated key for the genera occurring in Brazil (except Aeneolucentia,. Zootaxa 5351 (1): 37-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.1.2AbstractThis paper presents a species catalog of leaf beetles of the subfamily Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in two important Brazilian institutions in the state of Amazonas (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Universidade Federal do Amazonas), providing their respective type localities, geographic distributions, as well as illustrations for all listed species (including pictures of the types of Platyphora imperialis (Stål, 1858), Platyphora excellens (Stål, 1859), Platyphora sanguinipennis (Jacoby, 1895), and Platyphora olivenca (Bechyně, 1954 )), and new locality records, predators, parasites, parasitoids, and host plant for some species. In addition, we provide the first illustrated key for the genera occurring in Brazil (except Aeneolucentia, Jermaniella, and Pandona).
DOI: 10.15468/urs6mh
title: The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6AbstractHerein we add twelve first country records to Panama’s macrocaddisfly fauna (Insecta: Trichoptera): Calamoceratidae — Banyallarga acutiterga (Denning & Hogue 1983); Glossosomatidae — Protoptila bicornuta Flint 1963 and Protoptila jolandae Holzenthal & Blahnik 2006; Helicopsychidae — Helicopsyche rentzi Denning & Blickle 1979; Hydropsychidae — Calosopsyche sandrae (Flint 1967) and Smicridea acuminata Flint 1974; Leptoceridae — Oecetis hastapulla Quinteiro & Holzenthal 2017; Philopotamidae — Chimarra angustipennis Banks 1903; Polycentropodidae — Polyplectropus exilis Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal 2004; and Xiphocentronidae — Caenocentron immaculatum Flint 1991, Caenocentron lausus Schmid 1982, and Xiphocentron alcmeon Schmid 1982.
DOI: 10.15468/ss8mby
title: Taxonomy of the ant genera Leptothorax Mayr, 1855 and Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of China with descriptions of twenty-eight new species and a key to the known Chinese species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Qian, Yu-Han, Xu, Zheng-Hui (2024): Taxonomy of the ant genera Leptothorax Mayr, 1855 and Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of China with descriptions of twenty-eight new species and a key to the known Chinese species. European Journal of Taxonomy 936: 1-97, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.936.2569, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2569/11663Abstract. The Chinese members of the genera Leptothorax Mayr, 1855 and Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 are reviewed based on the morphological characters of the worker caste, and 66 species are recognized in China to date. A new synonym is proposed: T. opaciabdomin (Chang & He, 2001) is a junior synonym of T. mongolicus (Pisarski, 1969). Twenty-eight new species of Temnothorax, T. bailu sp. nov., T. chun sp. nov., T. chunfen sp. nov., T. chushu sp. nov., T. dahan sp. nov., T. dashu sp. nov., T. daxue sp. nov., T. dong sp. nov., T. dongzhi sp. nov., T. guyu sp. nov., T. hanlu sp. nov., T. jingzhe sp. nov., T. lichun sp. nov., T. lidong sp. nov., T. liqiu sp. nov., T. lixia sp. nov., T. mangzhong sp. nov., T. qingming sp. nov., T. qiu sp. nov., T. qiufen sp. nov., T. shuangjiang sp. nov., T. xia sp. nov., T. xiaohan sp. nov., T. xiaoman sp. nov., T. xiaoshu sp. nov., T. xiaoxue sp. nov., T. xiazhi sp. nov., T. yushui sp. nov., are described from China based on worker caste. Three species of Temnothorax, T. desioi (Menozzi, 1939), T. susamyri (Dlussky, 1965) and T. volgensis (Ruzsky, 1905) are recorded in China for the first time. The following eight species are recorded in a province or autonomous region of China for the first time: Leptothorax acervorum (Fabricius, 1793) is a new record in Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan; Temnothorax angulohumerus Zhou et al., 2010 is a new record in Guizhou and Tibet; T. argentipes (Wheeler, 1928) is a new record in Sichuan and Yunnan; T. mongolicus (Pisarski, 1969) is a new record in Inner Mongolia; T. reticulatus (Chang & He, 2001) is a new record in Beijing, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Shaanxi and Yunnan; T. spinosior (Forel, 1901) is a new record in Yunnan; T. taivanensis (Wheeler, 1929) is a new record in Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan; and T. zhejiangensis Zhou et al., 2010 is a new record in Henan and Guangxi. A key based on the worker caste is provided for the 66 known Chinese species.
DOI: 10.15468/efqnx8
title: Les Pheidole du groupe megacephala (Formicidae).

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Emery, C. (1915): Les Pheidole du groupe megacephala (Formicidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 4: 223-250, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=3875
DOI: 10.15468/t4fpzy
title: An overview of the jumping spiders of Lesotho (Araneae: Salticidae), with descriptions of six new species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wesołowska, Wanda, Haddad, Charles R. (2014): An overview of the jumping spiders of Lesotho (Araneae: Salticidae), with descriptions of six new species. African Invertebrates 55 (2): 229, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7680935ABSTRACTThe first overview of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Lesotho is presented. Twenty-eight species are recorded for the first time, to add to three recently described species of Euophryinae. Among these, six species are described as new to science: Belippo attenuata sp. n., Dendryphantes acutus sp. n., Heliophanus furvus sp. n., H. maluti sp. n., H. transversus sp. n. and Massagris mohale sp. n., all known from both sexes.The Lesotho fauna shows considerable overlap with the grassland fauna of the adjacent Free State Province of South Africa (15 of 31 species), indicating the importance of vegetation in shaping salticid assemblages, but highlighting the role of the considerable differences in altitude and geology in the two areas. KEY WORDS:Afrotropical, Lesotho, Maluti Mountains, Araneae, Salticidae, jumping spiders, taxonomy, new species, new records, grassland, ground-dwelling.
DOI: 10.15468/yxbcng
title: Überblick der Säugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung über die Welttheile

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Illiger, J, K, W (1815): Überblick der Säugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung über die Welttheile. Akademie der Wissenschaften 1804 - 1811 (39): 5-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16922249
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nenpdx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Oedipina petiola"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066906-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wymnse
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7744 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Pieris mannii",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1970",
 "Country is one of (Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7744 records from 137 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066908-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gdxmrz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Greece",
 "TaxonKey is Tenebrio obscurus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066909-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/auzvyt
title: Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667AbstractBackground and aims – Vanilla subgenus Vanilla was established by Soto-Arenas and Cribb (2010) to include Neotropical species characterized by membranaceous leaves, a labellum without a penicillate callus, and a column attached solely at the base of the lip. Vanilla mexicana (= Epidendrum vanilla) was the first species attributed to this subgenus, and its nomenclature traces back to the Vanilla ’ s taxonomic origins, serving as the type species for the entire genus. Despite this, several biological aspects of membranaceous vanilla species remain poorly studied, including their taxonomy and nomenclature, which have not been thoroughly addressed. The lack of clarity regarding the circumscription of these fairly rare taxa has led to taxonomic confusion and neglect by botanists. This study aims to conduct a typological assessment of all names associated with Vanilla subgen. Vanilla.Material and methods – A comprehensive list of names attributable to Vanilla subgen. Vanilla was compiled from different sources. Protologues were studied for every name and type specimens were examined through direct visits or virtual herbaria. The International Code of Nomenclature of algae, fungi, and plants was followed for the type designation and nomenclatural notes.Key results – A comprehensive nomenclatural revision was carried out for 29 names. A total of eight lectotypes and one epitype are designated, with nomenclatural notes provided for most names within the subgenus.
DOI: 10.15468/5p98da
title: Gliridae

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original book chapter Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Gliridae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 838-889, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6604339
DOI: 10.15468/7mq9ht
title: Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World Eptesicus and Histiotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Cláudio, Vinícius C., Novaes, Roberto L. M., Gardner, Alfred L., Nogueira, Marcelo R., Wilson, Don E., Maldonado, Jesús E., Oliveira, João A., Moratelli, Ricardo (2023): Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World Eptesicus and Histiotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (e 22029) 40: 1-24, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v40.e22029, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e22029ABSTRACT. Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820 is widely distributed in the Old and New World (26 species), and Histiotus Gervais, 1856 is a South American endemic (11 species). Molecular phylogenies have recovered Eptesicus (sensu lato) as polyphyletic, with New World Eptesicus and the sister genus Histiotus in a paraphyletic American clade sister to Old World Eptesicus. Based on these phylogenetic reconstructions, authors have treated Histiotus as either a subgenus of Eptesicus or restricted Eptesicus to the New World species, treating Histiotus as a full genus, and using the name Cnephaeus Kaup, 1829 at the generic rank to comprise Old World Eptesicus. Based on recently published molecular studies, and on novel qualitative and quantitative morphological comparisons of representatives of Histiotus and New and Old World Eptesicus, we provide evidence for restricting the name Eptesicus to the species E. fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) and E. guadeloupensis Genoways & Baker, 1975, allocating the remaining New World species under a new genus, keeping Histiotus as a full genus, and raising Cnephaeus to generic rank to comprise all Old World taxa currently under Eptesicus. This arrangement resolves the paraphyly of New World Eptesicus, and promotes taxonomic stability for Histiotus, which is a well-established genus of easily recognizable Neotropical bats and treated separate from Eptesicus by most authorities.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tdv7wz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "Country is China",
 "GadmGid is CHN.28_1",
 "TaxonKey is Lathyrus odoratus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066910-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18068610
title: agalinis_harperi_spades_01.fasta.gz
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18068542
title: Non-STEM_QA_Arabic

description: The full corpus is curated across multiple STEM disciplines and structured for use in LLM training, evaluation, and instruction tuning (SFT/RLHF). This sample represents the structure and quality of the larger dataset. 

Dataset composition (full corpus):





Text corpus: 1.6B+ words of curated STEM and Non-STEM educational content across 22,000+ textbooks in 7 languages (English, Hindi, Arabic, Bahasa, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada)




Question–Answer pairs: 6.5M+ high-quality Q&A pairs of STEM and Non-STEM content in English, Arabic, Hindi, and Indic languages




Video data: 100K+ hours of STEM videos and 30K+ hours of UGC




Audio data: 821K+ hours of podcasts and dual-channel call center data




Medical datasets: 30M+ files including clinical and diagnostic data such as CT scans, MRI, X-ray, pathology, EHRs, USG reports, and echo reports



This repository includes:





A small preview subset of the STEM Arabic Q&A data




Flat, viewer-friendly schema for inspection




Parquet files suitable for benchmarking and evaluation



Purpose of this dataset:





Dataset preview and validation




Model evaluation and experimentation




Schema and format inspection before full-scale access



Note: This repository contains sample data only. Access to the complete dataset is available separately under appropriate licensing or partnership terms.For detailed information and domain-specific requirements, please reach out to vipul.mishra@infobay.ai
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18068543
title: Non-STEM_QA_Arabic

description: The full corpus is curated across multiple STEM disciplines and structured for use in LLM training, evaluation, and instruction tuning (SFT/RLHF). This sample represents the structure and quality of the larger dataset. 

Dataset composition (full corpus):





Text corpus: 1.6B+ words of curated STEM and Non-STEM educational content across 22,000+ textbooks in 7 languages (English, Hindi, Arabic, Bahasa, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada)




Question–Answer pairs: 6.5M+ high-quality Q&A pairs of STEM and Non-STEM content in English, Arabic, Hindi, and Indic languages




Video data: 100K+ hours of STEM videos and 30K+ hours of UGC




Audio data: 821K+ hours of podcasts and dual-channel call center data




Medical datasets: 30M+ files including clinical and diagnostic data such as CT scans, MRI, X-ray, pathology, EHRs, USG reports, and echo reports



This repository includes:





A small preview subset of the STEM Arabic Q&A data




Flat, viewer-friendly schema for inspection




Parquet files suitable for benchmarking and evaluation



Purpose of this dataset:





Dataset preview and validation




Model evaluation and experimentation




Schema and format inspection before full-scale access



Note: This repository contains sample data only. Access to the complete dataset is available separately under appropriate licensing or partnership terms.For detailed information and domain-specific requirements, please reach out to vipul.mishra@infobay.ai
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18068609
title: agalinis_harperi_spades_01.fasta.gz
DOI: 10.15468/7h3cxy
title: Sucking Lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) Parasitizing Mongolian Rodents With The Description Of A New Species Of Hoplopleura From Mountain Voles (Alticola Spp.)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Durden, Lance A., Robinson, Chase, Cook, Joseph A., Bell, Kayce C., Nyamsuren, Batsaikhan, Greiman, Stephen E. (2022): Sucking Lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) Parasitizing Mongolian Rodents With The Description Of A New Species Of Hoplopleura From Mountain Voles (Alticola Spp.). Journal of Parasitology 108 (4): 353-365, DOI: 10.1645/22-2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/22-2