DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh8g
title: Data from: Accelerated speciation in temperate Cannabaceae: The role of pre-adaptation, ecological opportunities, and niche divergence

description: Macroevolutionary processes underlying biome transitions and global
 patterns of species diversity and ecological traits remain poorly
 understood across many clades. We investigated tropical-to-temperate biome
 transitions in Cannabaceae (the hemp family) to test the hypothesis that
 pre-adaptive traits, particularly deciduous leaf habit, together with
 ecological opportunities in temperate environments, promoted niche
 divergence and elevated speciation rates. Using a well-resolved,
 time-calibrated phylogeny representing approximately 70% of extant
 Cannabaceae diversity, we integrated data on leaf duration, species
 occurrences, and environmental variables. Phylogenetic comparative
 analyses were employed to assess correlated evolution between
 deciduousness and biome transitions, and to estimate speciation and niche
 evolution rates across tropical, temperate, and widespread lineages. Our
 results support correlated evolution between leaf habit and biome shifts,
 with deciduous lineages exhibiting higher rates of transition from
 tropical to temperate regions than evergreen lineages. Temperate lineages,
 particularly those associated with a hidden state, showed increased
 speciation rates relative to tropical lineages. In addition, niche
 divergence occurred more rapidly in temperate than in tropical lineages,
 especially along climatic dimensions related to temperature variability
 and seasonal precipitation. These findings suggest that deciduousness
 functioned as a pre-adaptive trait facilitating colonization of temperate
 environments in Cannabaceae, and that the expansion of temperate biomes
 since the Oligocene provided ecological opportunities that promoted
 speciation through multidimensional niche divergence.
description: # Data from: Accelerated speciation in temperate Cannabaceae: The role of
 pre-adaptation, ecological opportunities, and niche divergence Dataset
 DOI: [10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh8g](10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh8g) ## Description of
 the data and file structure This dataset contains the species information,
 regional assignment, leaf duration types, and data sources, which are
 documented in Supporting_Information_Appendix1-TableS1.xlsx. 
 Additionally, the MCC phylogenetic tree,100 BEAST posterior phylogenetic
 trees, and scripts required to replicate analyses in Li et al, accepted in
 Ecology and Evolution. The MCC tree with node numbers used in this study
 is also available here. ### Files and variables #### File: code_for_GEB.r
 **Description:** R script is used for statistical analyses and
 visualizations. This script performs a series of phylogenetic comparative
 analyses: it first visualizes node numbers on a Cannabaceae phylogenetic
 tree, then tests for correlated evolution between traits and regions using
 Pagel’s test. It further applies GeoHiSSE models to estimate
 region-dependent diversification rates (with and without hidden states)
 and uses BioGeoBEARS to reconstruct ancestral biogeographic ranges under
 the DEC model. #### File: plot_MCC_with_nodenumber.pdf (uploaded to
 Zenodo) **Description:**  The MCC tree with node numbers used in this
 study. #### File: Supporting_Information_Appendix1-S1.xlsx (uploaded to
 Zenodo) **Description:** Includes species information, regional
 assignment, leaf duration types, and data sources used in this study. ####
 File: Cannabaceae_MCC.tree **Description:** MCC phylogenetic tree
 for Cannabaceae. Phylogenetic tree for the Cannabaceae, showing
 evolutionary relationships among species. The parentheses indicate
 branching order (shared ancestry), species names are the tips, and the
 numbers after colons are branch lengths, typically representing divergence
 time (e.g., millions of years) or genetic change. #### File:
 Cannabaceae-trees100.nex.trees **Description:** 100 phylogenetic trees
 for Cannabaceae. Phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary relationships
 among Cannabaceae species.