cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5517/ccn5lzc
title: CCDC 601213: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Mo Aung Myint, J.R.Price, Eng Wui Tan|2006|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|62|o1139|doi:10.1107/S1600536806003734
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.28170.26569
title: BMF: Steuereinnahmen 2015 und ertragsreichte Steuerarten 2015 grafisch aufbereitet
DOI: 10.5517/ccn5m1g
title: CCDC 601215: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: A.S.Rodrigo, M.N.Montiel, J.Cobo, J.N.Low, C.Glidewell|2006|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|62|o969|doi:10.1107/S1600536806004223
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccn5m2h
title: CCDC 601216: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: M.Bolte|2006|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|62|o985|doi:10.1107/S1600536806004375
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccn5m3j
title: CCDC 601217: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: M.E.Light, P.A.Gale, K.Navakhun|2006|Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.E:Struct.Rep.Online|62|o1097|doi:10.1107/S1600536806005447
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45332.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45332.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45332 about a strain of Natronococcus amylolyticus. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45333.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45333.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45333 about a strain of Desulforhabdus amnigena. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45419.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45419.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45419 about a strain of Vibrio mimicus. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45420.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45420.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45420 about a strain of Shewanella amazonensis. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45421.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45421.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45421 about a strain of Escherichia coli. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45422.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45422.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45422 about a strain of Sporomusa silvacetica. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45488.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45488.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45488 about a strain of Serratia marcescens. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45489.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45489.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45489 about a strain of Streptococcus. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45490.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45490.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45490 about a strain of Enterococcus faecalis. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45491.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45491.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45491 about a strain of Aerococcus viridans. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45334.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45334.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45334 about a strain of Mycobacterium lentiflavum. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45335.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45335.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45335 about a strain of Burkholderia gladioli. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.60712/si-id45336.1
title: StrainInfo SI-ID 45336.1

description: StrainInfo dataset 45336 about a strain of Haemophilus influenzae. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t5tx3r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 290655 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.-Bip)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 290655 records from 1586 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0079324-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.1gbmch
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008147-180730143533302/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kyk7m4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0081244-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fd6ndt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008389-180730143533302/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8dejya
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041650-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.agchhl
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 361429888 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is EOD – eBird Observation Dataset"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 361429888 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008405-180730143533302/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.avedx7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 171683470 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "or" : [
 "TaxonKey is Plantae",
 "TaxonKey is Manihot Mill."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 171683470 records from 3129 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053768-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/28j-jvj-mwd
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g7b-bmp-9lp
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/d3v-0hy-pvb
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p1c-8y7-lya
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/sbn-t1h-rq5
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/trf-64j-4e6
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wxw-6rp-vk8
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/e6t-bdg-w4s
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/f48-65h-9kl
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/m77-4z5-lxa
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/n9m-1la-6nm
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/65p-e3b-m5t
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hc6-fgr-n2q
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vj6-ns6-2ka
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pcgw3a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 404 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Kiaeria starkei)",
 "Country is one of (Norway)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1986",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Machine Observation"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 404 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025522-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/1zz-zma-dmj
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ajz-383-fpm
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/17r-hx9-j4e
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dg2-r3g-3tx
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/rmr-pt4-tg9
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1vj-tt1-ajx
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/va4-6wb-mp8
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8x2fxt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 32 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-74.79378 9.84729,-74.91164 9.8361,-75.22834 9.67535,-75.39142 9.26409,-75.23604 8.38158,-74.09662 8.27633,-74.01187 9.29395,-74.1694 9.77549,-74.37991 9.70354,-74.7464 9.8006,-74.79378 9.84729))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Accipitridae"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 32 records were derived from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025496-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/q42-wc2-qkx
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/z4t-f1q-7l0
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1zg-6hd-xlp
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gm9-br8-awg
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7bj-mdc-0x0
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ctx-xy3-bs5
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18636499
title: Animal_Species_Synthetic_Dataset_Dirty_and_Enriched

description: Synthetic Animal Dataset for Data Cleaning & Classification (4000 Rows)

This dataset contains 4,000 synthetic animal records designed for educational and machine learning purposes. It was generated to simulate a realistic yet imperfect data environment, making it suitable for data cleaning, preprocessing, feature engineering, and classification tasks.

The dataset includes both numerical and categorical attributes describing animal characteristics such as weight, body length, gender, age, speed (km/h), color, and biological class (e.g., mammal, reptile, bird, amphibian, fish, insect). It also contains geographic coordinates formatted in directional notation (e.g., 31.9539°N, 35.9106°E), observation dates, and unique animal identifiers.

To reflect real-world data challenges, the dataset intentionally includes:





Missing values (NULL entries)




Inconsistent or previously misspelled categorical values (e.g., corrected gender labels such as "unknown")




Mixed data types




Synthetic yet statistically distributed numerical features



The numerical attributes were generated based on statistical distributions to preserve realistic variability, while categorical attributes follow probability-based distributions. Although the data is synthetic and does not represent real biological measurements, it maintains logical structure and internal consistency suitable for experimentation.

Intended Use Cases:





Data cleaning and preprocessing practice




Handling missing values and categorical encoding




Exploratory data analysis (EDA)




Supervised learning and classification modeling




Feature engineering exercises



Important Note:This is a fully synthetic dataset created for learning and experimentation. It should not be used for real-world biological or scientific conclusions.
DOI: 10.3535/j49-b6t-p7x
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jpl-j3e-65b
title: Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/l3b-0g7-ylw
title: Oxycanus nigra (Viette, 1956)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3sjgyz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 19514 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Scapania nemorea"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 19514 records from 333 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0078511-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qbxmyq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 111152 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Mesembrinibis cayennensis)",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 111152 records from 168 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0078478-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s2e78s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Allamanda cathartica",
 "Country is Dominica",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0078513-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xszcwn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "ScientificName is one of (Spathoglottis plicata, Cucumis melo, Caamembeca salicifolia, Vigna luteola, Chamaecrista duckeana, Chamaecrista calycioides, Chamaecrista diphylla, Banisteriopsis malifolia, Banisteriopsis campestris, Ouratea spectabilis, Banisteriopsis laevifolia, Banisteriopsis stellaris, Passiflora auriculata, Passiflora biflora, Passiflora oerstedii, Deuterocohnia longipetala, Opuntia sulphurea, Tephrocactus alexanderi, Tephrocactus articulatus, Vachellia aroma)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019192-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g2wdgf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3819 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Chile",
 "IucnRedListCategory is CR",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3819 records from 146 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019194-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.puh5kf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4649 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Heliconia rostrata)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4649 records from 122 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019195-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vqvjj4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 980654 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Prunella vulgaris"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 980654 records from 3495 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019049-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.