cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287144
title: Microstructural analysis of coating mortar with partial replacement of natural aggregates by sediment from the Amazon River

description: Abstract Natural aggregates are among the of most intensively extracted natural materials in the world. This high consumption is a great concern in terms of the depletion of the natural resources used in infrastructure works, which has led to an increase in the search for alternative materials such as recycled aggregates and supplementary materials to Portland cement. Hence, the sediments of rivers have become the target of several studies, leading their quality to improve yearly. As a consequence, river sediments are already being used in the production of concrete and mortar, replacing conventional aggregate (river sand). However, their incorporation can alter the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of the new compounds, causing anomalies that can compromise the buildings. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate the properties (plastic and hardened state), performance (adhesion) and perform a microstructural analysis of coating mortar produced with partial replacement of conventional aggregate by sediment from the Amazon river. The results showed that its use increased the tensile strength of the mortar and caused the formation of stable crystalline products, suggesting the coating acquired greater stability, thus making river sediment a promising material to be used as an aggregate in infrastructure works.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287141
title: Air incorporation in ready mix mortars: influence of admixtures, aggregates and mixing time

description: Abstract Air incorporation is a complex issue that affects the properties of both fresh and hardened mortars. Ready-mix mortar is a mix that contains a high content of entrained air, and has an applicability of up to three days due to the use of air entraining admixtures (AEA) and hydration stabilising admixtures (HSA). This study evaluated the influence of AEA and HSA, aggregate type and mixing time on air entrainment in ready-mix mortars. In the investigation, 36 mortar mixtures were prepared with different mixing times (150, 210, 270 and 330 s). Two sand particle sizes were studied, using different contents of HSA (0%, 0.6% and 0.9%) and AEA (0% to 0.5%), a standard proportion for rendering mortars (1:6.5) and a water/binder ratio of 1.0. The results indicated air entrainment stabilisation with a mixing time of 270 seconds and an AIA content between 0.3% and 0.4%, whereas HSA did not contribute significantly to air entrainment. Mixing time influenced air entrained in mortars only with an AEA content 0.3% or higher, while aggregate particle size only influenced mortars without AEA or with AEA up to 0.2%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287139
title: Support-mortar interface: analysis of physical characteristics based on several experimental programmes

description: Abstract The most commonly used wall coatings in Portugal, and also in the rest of Europe and the world, are still mortars, both lime- and cement- based, be they traditional, on-site or pre-dosed. According to the current standards, performance studies on these mortars are carried out on laboratory-produced specimens, in standard dimensions, and under pre-established curing conditions and tests. However, when mortars are applied to real substrates, their final behaviour will not be the same. The dimensions, application conditions and curing conditions are different. It is, therefore, widely agreed that the final characteristics of mortars applied under real exposure conditions will be different from those obtained in the laboratory. This study is part of a wider investigation in the scope of the IF Mortar project, which aims to analyse the influence of the characteristics of several different supports on the characteristics of different types of mortars, to more accurately predict the final behaviour of mortars after their application. This paper presents some of the results already obtained in experimental campaigns, concerning the physical characteristics of different mortars applied to different supports.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287136
title: The relationship between wellbeing and resilience in social housing: a study on existing impacts

description: Abstract The homes delivered by government programs have great limitations on their architectural and urban quality, meeting the basic needs of users in a minimal way, generating a negative sense of well-being. In addition, such dwellings respond poorly to the various impacts suffered and do not promote a positive adaptation in the spaces of the housing unit. The study of these phenomena and the proposal of ways to improve them have shown that there is a knowledge gap, which we intend to fill. In this scenario, the main objective of the work is to investigate the relationship between resilience in the built environment and the well-being of residents in HIS from the perspective of Five Ways to Wellbeing, providing solutions and strategies for obtaining it oriented to users. For this, a post-occupation assessment instrument was developed using a computational tool, applied in two case studies in the city of Uberlândia. This article presents part of the results of the work, focusing on its theoretical foundation, definition of well-being indicators and assessment of perceived impacts in a case study. The main contributions of partial results to scientific knowledge on the subject demonstrate the direct relationship between resilience and well-being, in addition to the finding that the impacts on the studied environments are frequent, indicating the low resilience of the built environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287133
title: Mechanical properties of ready mix mortar: evolution with time and degree of hydration

description: Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the properties of fresh and hardened state and the hydration degree of ready mix mortar at different ages. The mortars were produced with the same water/ dry materials ratio (13%), same content of air-entrained admixtures (0.35% of cement mass), while three contents of hydration stabilising admixtures (0%, 0.4% and 0.8%) were evaluated. The ready mix mortars were characterised in two storage times (0 and 48 hours) in the fresh state through the consistency index, specific gravity, air entrained content, water retention, setting time and rheological parameters. In the hardened state, the mortars were evaluated at 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days for: compressive strength, tensile strength, specific gravity and elasticity modulus. The hydration degree was also evaluated by three methods: ignition loss, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that the content of hydration stabilising admixture influences the properties of the mortars. The degree of hydration was influenced by the hydration stabilising admixture over time. However, it was not possible to correlate degree of hydration with compressive strength, which was influenced also by others factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287131
title: Maid's rooms: the tradition in the apartments buildings of Farol district in Maceió, AL

description: Abstract The presence of domestic employees in high and middle income Brazilian households is a cultural factor. With the increasing verticalisation process, apartment buildings included the maid's quarters in the service area, with a separate entrance. The aim of the present article is to trace a history of maids’ quarters in high-rise apartment buildings built in the traditional neighbourhood of Farol (ZR 7 e ZR8) in the city of Maceió/AL, from 1960 to 2010. The database used were the surveys carried out by gEPA/FAU/UFAL. It was observed that, in the 1960s and 1970s, all the apartments in the neighbourhood were dependent on maids; only in the 1980s did the first apartment building with a reversible maid’s dormitory appear. In the 1990s, maids’ quarters remained in the typologies of 3 and 4 bedroom apartments and only during the 2000s did the first apartments without maids’ quarters appear. The study concluded that the presence of maids’ rooms prevailed in the supply of apartments produced in the five decades analysed, and that the changes introduced by the 1988 labour legislation did not alter the offer of the real estate market for higher income users.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287129
title: The healing architecture of Santa Terezinha Sanatorium

description: Abstract This paper is the result of one stage of a research project on historical issues related to the environment of healthcare buildings in Salvador, Brazil, funded by CNPq, with the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate scholars. Its objective is to study, through an analysis of the environmental conditions at the Sanatorium Santa Terezinha, inaugurated in 1942, in Salvador, BA, the plans made by modernist architects for the use of solar incidence and cross ventilation as an aid in healing tuberculosis, in order to demonstrate that architecture can be part of the healing process. The methodology of the investigation was to trace the history of the hospital, based on a review of the literature on the characteristics of this type of building, followed by a visit, a survey of the building and an analysis of its climate conditions using computer programs. That allowed the researchers to see evidence of the intentionality of the architects as they provide conditions of controlled incidence of sun and wind in order to enhance patients’ comfort and recovery, according to the medical paradigm of the time. In the present day, environmental concerns and the humanisation of hospitals’ architectural space are back on the agenda. The climate planning seen in this study will hopefully contribute as an example of the use of architecture as a factor to support the restoration of health.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287127
title: Analysis of apartments designs in João Pessoa, PB (1980-2016): renovations and reproductions in spatial arrangements

description: Abstract This paper is part of a master’s dissertation proposing to examine some examples of apartment floor plans in the city of João Pessoa, northeastern Brazil, built between 1980s and 2016. The research study addresses the evolution of apartments as products, from the point of view of the market and academic research in architecture and urbanism. The main goal is to analyse apartment floor plans in the city of João Pessoa, aiming to identify reproductions and renewals in spatial arrangements. The study analyses aspects related to functional issues of the space (the needs programme), its dimensional issues (total dimensions of sectors and rooms) and space configurations (through spatial syntax). The method adopted sought to detect patterns that repeated over time and to point out eventual alterations, from a diachronic perspective. The results obtained indicate that the designs offered by the real estate market present renewals that subvert some historical patterns of Brazilian dwellings, as well as reproductions of characteristics that appear to be almost crystallised in the domestic space of the apartment floor plans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287126
title: Designing the built environment based on ergonomics principles

description: Abstract Ergonomics studies applied to the built environment are aimed at adapting environments to the activities performed in them and to the desires of users. Traditionally, ergonomics analyses pre-existing situations. However, recent studies have been incorporating principles of ergonomics in design processes, as a strategy to anticipate solutions to problems and to include users in decision-making processes. This article discusses the systematisation of the built environment design process including ergonomics principles. The aim is to demonstrate how conventional design methods can be enhanced in order to include users’ opinions and needs in the design stages. The research method is based on Design Science Research (DRESCH; LACERDA; ANTUNES JUNIOR, 2015) and on two ergonomic analysis approaches: Ergonomic Methodology for the Built Environment (VILLAROUCO, 2009, 2011) and on the ergonomic design stages of Attaianese and Duca (2012). This paper presents theoretical and practical approaches and ergonomics parameters for the built design. The results point to a way of design thinking that is based on understanding pre-existing problems of similar environments, on the active participation of users in the design process and on tailoring the built environment to human activities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287123
title: Walkability variables: an empirical study in Rolândia - PR, Brazil

description: Abstract The built environment possessed determinants of more active lifestyles, related to social and cultural reality. Thus, relevant walkability variables in large cities and in developed countries may not be suitable for mid-sized Brazilian towns. Therefore, from a case study, the objective of this research was to evaluate the relevance of eight objective walkability variables: Residential Density; Retail Floor Area Ratio; Mixed Land Use (Entropy); Space Syntax - Integration and Choice; Land and Real Estate values in a case study of a mid-sized Brazilian town. From the geocoding of data from the Municipal Urban Mobility Plan, urban form variables were aggregated and tested in 1000 meter network buffers. Analyzes were performed using a machine learning approach, through the Random Forest algorithm, in relation to self-reported walking (meters walked per unit of area). Results indicated that the most relevant characteristics were: Entropy, Integration within a 2000 meter radius and Residential Density. Contributions include the possibility of subsidizing urban planning policies in adopting an evidence-based approach.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287121
title: Proposal for an optimised method for evaluating the performance in use of innovative construction systems

description: Abstract This paper discusses the performance in use of innovative construction systems (ICSs), approved by Technical Assessment Institutions (TAIs) and the National Technical Assessment System (SiNAT). The objective was to analyse the results of Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POEs) in Social Housing units (SHUs) built with PVC-concrete and Light Wood Systems. The analysis was based on an optimisation proposal and on evaluation criteria established to identify the systematic failures of a set of tools: design, construction works, use, operation and maintenance, maintainability and technical assistance (FINANCIADORA…, 2012). In both cases, airtightness was identified as the performance factor that most required intervention in the HISs. Joint cracks and frame problems were found not to be derived from self-supporting seal deformations, which is a positive aspect in the analysis of the structural safety performance factor. The results show that, although the structural safety factor is satisfactory, there is need for maintenance by users and for technical assistance by the manufacturer and/or the construction company, as in the case of the Concrete-PVC system. The results showed that the proposed optimised method is capable of identifying systematic failures in the ICSs, allowing for recommendations to be made to the technical assessment institutions as for which items should be prioritised in future reevaluation of the construction systems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287118
title: Hygrothermal study in a self-built house: computer simulation and field monitoring

description: Abstract Low cost self-built dwellings are usually precarious, especially in terms of habitability. Despite the fact that this type of dwelling is frequently found in Brazil, there are few data measured in field monitoring on the hygrothermal behaviour of self-constructed building systems. Hence, the aim of this study is to analyse the hygrothermal behaviour of the external masonry wall of a self-built dwelling, constructed with clay bricks and covered with mortar on both faces. This investigation was based on a methodological approach involving hygrothermal computational simulation with the WUFI Pro software and humidity and temperature field measurements. The data collected during the monitoring were obtained through sensors connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller, positioned inside and outside the dwelling. The result showed that the constructive system adopted in self-built dwellings is susceptible to hygrothermal variations higher than the normative parameters. The results quantify the hygrothermal behaviour of the self-construction building system, explaining the overt moisture and mold present. The methodology adopted for the measurements associated with the computational simulation shows that it is possible to experiment with constructive solutions based on the hygrothermal evaluation of the facade system, supporting planning and design decisions within the scope of housing improvement and technical assistance actions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287115
title: Mathematical model for decision-making for non-potable water system of residential buildings: decentralised or centralised?

description: Abstract There are three types of non-potable water building systems: decentralised individual, decentralised or centralised. There is no consensus on which the most efficient type is, since both centralised and decentralised systems have peculiarities that make them either interesting or not in social, economic and environmental aspects. Thus, the aim of this article is to develop the formulation of a mathematical model for decision making regarding the type of non-potable water system and compare decentralised systems with centralised systems over a period of twenty years, with and without the scale effect. The model was developed based on a deterministic mathematical approach, known in the literature as Integer Programming. The difference of this model is that it allows to determine the total accumulated cost, the cost over life cycle and the number of systems necessary to meet a specific demand. The model was applied to a hypothetical residential condominium with a minimum population of 1700 residents. The results indicate that the centralised system is more advantageous than the individual systems in terms of costs of installation, maintenance and operation during a life cycle of twenty years with and without the scale effect.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287114
title: Open public space in the context of urban security

description: Abstract The Urban quality life is directly related to the development of social interactions as well as the guarantee of public security, often promoted by the development and enhancement of free spaces for public use. In this sense, this study analyzes how the presence of quality public spaces can contribute to crime prevention and to mitigate the feeling of urban insecurity. It presents the survey of open space for social practices inserted in the urban landscape and performs a correlation of such spaces with the incidence of local crimes, considering the cut of the Regional Grande Aribiri, Vila Velha, ES. The research is applicate, quanti-qualitative, based on georeferenced data provided by the Public Security Observatory and the City Hall, it was possible to develop maps for spatial analysis and correlate with the data survey carried out during technical visits. The analyzes show the occurrence of crimes in areas with no squares and also reveal that the scarcity of these spaces can contribute to public insecurity and the lack of natural surveillance - insofar as they do not favor local belonging, occupation and vitality urban - elements that inhibit the occurrence of crimes such as homicides, robberies, thefts and drug trafficking.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287111
title: Associated tools to support the social housing design process

description: Abstract A number of research studies have analysed the production of social housing (SH) in Brazil, verifying its poor performanc, and its inability to satisfy residents’ needs, particularly if we consider the total time of permanence in the housing units. The designs lack both diversity and flexibility, having serious functional problems due to the lack of small dimensions of the different areas. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a practical method to support decision making in SH projects. The investigation adopted the Design Science Research approach and was structured in five main steps: (1) identifying the problem, (2) understanding the theme, (3) proposition of tools, (4) evaluation of tools, and (5) organisation of the contributions. The conceptual method is oriented to decision making in projects developed with the BIM (Building Information Modeling), focusing on functionality and flexibility. The method consists of a set of articulated instruments that allow the evaluation and guidance of the designers so that they comply with the criteria of functionality and flexibility. The device demonstrated to be effective in use when applied in a design workshop with professionals. It was also evaluated by researchers specialised in the subject. The research contributed to a review and systematisation of functionality and flexibility requirements and, in the practical field, to a set of operational instruments intended for the use of social housing architecture professionals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287109
title: Design-build integration in public highway project

description: Abstract The aim of this project is to identify changes in the delivery of public projects under the Brazilian Integrated Contracting bidding system. The research was carried out using the case study method, focusing on the analysis of the process of a highway duplication project. Semi-structured interviews with field specialists were conducted, as well as an analysis of the project documents. The study identifies possible improvements in design and construction integration, analysing to what extent Integrated Contracting contributes to the adoption of the best practices of the design-build model. The results point to the fact that, regardless of any legal issues, Integrated Contracting opens an opportunity for the application of Integrated Project Delivery concepts and processes. However, constructibility improvements require not only better contractual specifications, but also the implementation of design processes workflows. This study contributes to the study of alternative bidding mechanisms to Brazilian Law 8.666/93, as is the case of Integrated Contracting, which is still a scarcely researched subject in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287104
title: From maids’ rooms to gourmet balconies: apartment layouts in Florianópolis (1954-2008)

description: Abstract This study is based on a sample of 55 apartment plans from the archives of the Municipality of Florianópolis (SC). Two- and three-bedroom apartments in buildings with four or more stories built in the central area of Florianópolis, and approved in the period between 1954 and 2008, were analysed. The goal was to identify the morphological changes that occurred over those four decades, and the changes in the spatial patterns of plans, considering their sectors (social, intimate and services) and hierarchies. The results showed certain variations and trends over the decades, such as a wide variation in the sectors’ areas percentages, mainly from the early 2000s. The calculations also showed that integration measures (HH) were relatively stable until the early 2000s, when they increased significantly, most probably due to a greater presence of open-plan kitchens, which grew in importance and centrality. The average Isovist size and Isovist size from the main entrance door showed similar trends. These changes have shown an adherence between the spatial structure of these types of residential units and socioeconomic changes in different social groups over the decades, as well as cultural aspects such as sociability relations, habits and dispositions.