DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rc1x
title: Data for: A novel cricket morph has diverged in song and wing morphology across island populations

description: Divergence of sexual signals between populations can lead to speciation,
 yet opportunities to study the immediate aftermath of novel signal
 evolution are rare. The recent emergence and spread of a new mating song,
 purring, in Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket
 (Teleogryllus oceanicus) allows us to investigate population divergence
 soon after the origin of a new signal. Male crickets produce songs with
 specialized wing structures to attract mates from afar (calling) and
 entice them to mate when found (courtship). However, in Hawaii, these
 songs also attract an eavesdropping parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea) that
 kills singing males. The novel purring song, produced with heavily
 modified wing morphology, attracts female crickets but not the parasitoid
 fly, acting as a solution to this conflict between natural and sexual
 selection. We’ve since observed increasing numbers of purring males across
 Hawaii. In this integrative field study, we investigated the distribution
 of purring and the proportion of purring males relative to other morphs in
 six populations on four islands and compared a suite of phenotypic traits
 (wing morphology, calling song, and courtship song) that make up this
 novel signal across populations of purring males. We show that purring is
 found in varying proportions across five, and is locally dominant in four,
 Hawaiian populations. We also show that calling songs, courtship songs,
 and wing morphology of purring males differ geographically. Our findings
 demonstrate the rapid pace of evolution in island populations and provide
 insights into the emergence and divergence of new sexual signals over
 time.
description: # README for data files accompanying Gallagher et al. (2023) “A novel
 cricket morph has diverged in song and wing morphology across island
 populations ” A novel cricket morph has diverged in song and wing
 morphology across island populations ## Data File #1: field\_data.csv A
 data frame with phenotypic data from field-collected male Teleogryllus
 oceanicus crickets. Data include geometric morphological measures of wings
 and song data from calling and courtship songs. Some individuals have
 empty cells for certain types of data due to incomplete sampling (not all
 males had wing, calling, and courtship data). ### Description of the data
 and file structure *** Descriptions of column names: maleID: unique male
 identifier. population: population. numID: numeric ID, unique within
 population. wingPC1–PC3: values for first three PCA axes from morphometric
 analyses. Scraper: binary presence/absence of scraper. Mirror: binary
 presence/absence of mirror. harp\_width: Procrustes distance (euclidean
 distance in tangent space) between wing landmarks 5 & 14, along
 x-axis. Peak\_Frequency: frequency with the greatest acoustic power.
 Amplitude: linear amplitude ratio (stimulus, relative to background
 noise). rangeA–F: relative amplitudes of six different frequency ranges
 based on hearing ability of T. oceanicus. Frequency.Evenness: A measure of
 how evenly distributed (i.e. how broadband) a song is across frequency
 ranges (see manuscript for details). freq\_even: Alternate abbreviation
 for Frequency.Evenness (see above). calling\_PC1–PC3: values for first
 three PCA axes from calling song analyses. courtship\_PC1–PC3: values for
 first three PCA axes from courtship song analyses. pronotum: values of
 pronotum width in mm (proxy for body size). Acoustic variables (peak
 frequency, amplitude, ranges A-F, frequency evenness) are repeated for
 various song types, including calling (\_calling), courtship chirp
 (\_court\_chirp), or courtship trill (\_court\_trill). ## Data File #2:
 kalaupapa\_lab\_field.csv A data frame with acoustic data from field and
 lab-reared male Teleogryllus oceanicus crickets from the Kalaupapa
 population on the island of Molokai. ### Description of the data and file
 structure *** Descriptions of column names: maleID: unique male
 identifier. population: population. field\_lab: whether the individual was
 sampled from the field or the lab. peak\_frequency\_courtship: courtship
 song frequency with the greatest acoustic power. ## Data File #3:
 song\_repeatibility.csv A data frame with acoustic data from male
 Teleogryllus oceanicus crickets used to measure the repeatability of song
 characteristics within individuals. ### Description of the data and file
 structure *** Descriptions of column names: maleID: unique male
 identifier. population: population. song\_number: that song’s number from
 a particular individual (1-3). peak\_frequency: calling song frequency
 with the greatest acoustic power. amplitude: calling song linear amplitude
 ratio (stimulus, relative to background noise). ## Data File #4: Raw
 data.zip Raw data include: Wing photographs used for wing morphometrics,
 labeled by population and male ID. Song recordings used for song analysis,
 labeled by population and male ID, organized by song type (calling vs
 courtship) and whether recordings were conducted in the field or the lab.