cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79643
title: Intermediate School, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Kang'ua's Intermediate School. Rev Joshua Matenjura's New Manse." Exterior view of the manse of Rev Matenjura, one of the senior preachers at Kikuyu. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The Hunter Memorial Hospital was opened in January 1908, making it the first permanent building erected at Kikuyu and by the 6th of January, patients were beginning to be admitted. Smallpox and cases of famine were the most common illnesses. The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. In April of the same year, the first day-school was opened for children. By March 1926, The Alliance High School for older boys was established, principled by Mr G.A. Grieve. Crops were grown (maize, beans and sweet potatoes) in part to provide foods for the school children. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79228
title: Suraj Kund, Lohagal, India, ca.1901

description: “The Suraj Kund Lohagal. The waters of this pool are believed to have the power to cleanse away all sin.” View of steps leading down to pool with buildings built around it. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79219
title: Marketplace, Khandel, India, ca.1901

description: “The Market place, Khandel.” View of people in small marketplace with thatched roof buildings in background. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79200
title: Mansa Devi’s Temple, Jhunihunun, India, ca.1901

description: “Mansa Devi’s Temple Jhunjhunu [Jhunjhunu]– in the hills near.” View of temple built into hillside with landscape. The temple is dedicated to Mansa Devi, a Hindu godess. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79160
title: Village of Thoi, Thoi, India, ca.1900

description: “The Village and fort of Thoi.” View of village and landscape, with the fort on a hill in the background. Thoi is a small village approximately 50 miles north of the city of Jaipur and 35 miles east of the city of Sikar. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79136
title: School and Dispensary, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “Entrance to School. Hindi, Urdu, and English are taught in this school. Dispensary opened 7th Jan. 1884.” External view of entrance to Chomun school on the left with dispensary building to the right. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79204
title: Potters, Nawalgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Potters, Nawalgarh.” View of three men making pots outside a thatched roof building. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79150
title: Teli, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Teli. The oil press, Chomu [Chomun].” View of oil press and cow. “Tel” means “oil” in Urdu, and the “teli” are those that work in making and selling oil. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79148
title: Street Corner, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “A street corner, Chomu [Chomun].” View of building with mural painting on street corner. There are several people seated or standing in front of the building and a man is seated atop a camel. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79208
title: Gangaji’s Temple, Nawalgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Gangaji’s Temple, a Temple to the holy Ganges, Nawalgarh.” External view of large temple building with domed roofs. The temple is presumably dedicated to the Ganges River, one of the holiest sites in Hinduism. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79226
title: Main Bazaar, Patan, India, ca.1901

description: “The main Bayar [bazaar] Patan.” View of crowd of people in main marketplace. A large fortified structure is visible in background. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79222
title: Hut and Fort, Jobner, India, ca.1901

description: “The Hut and Fort Jubnir [Jobner]. A contrast.” External view of small thatched roof hut with fort on the hill in the background. People seated in front. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79159
title: Morning Meeting, Thoi, India, ca.1900

description: “The Missionary addressing a morning meeting in a street of Thoi.” View of missionary talking to large group of people seated outdoors. Thoi is a small village approximately 50 miles north of the city of Jaipur and 35 miles east of the city of Sikar. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79178
title: Derdhani Lake, Sambhar, India, ca.1900

description: “The Derdhani, or Sacred Lake, Sambhar. Pilgrims from all parts of India come to wash away their sins here. There are traditions of this tank’s existence in the time of Vayati, King of Northern India, in the very earliest ages. Manak Rai, the Chhohan lived here in A. D. 625.” View of lake with temple buildings built on the shore. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79139
title: Elephants’ Corner, Chomun, India, ca.1901

description: “The elephants’ corner in the palace, Chomu [Chomun].” View of two captive elephants in a courtyard with their caretakers. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79142
title: Company at Chomun, Chomun, India, 1896

description: “The company at Chomu in 1896. [back row L to R] Mr. Triall, The [?] Kamdar manager, Thakur Gobind Singh Chief of Chomu [Chomun], [front row L to R] The Son and by adoption heir of Chomu [Chomun] (now chief), Mr. James Steel, Glasgow and Loudon, Rawalji Fatah Singh Chief of [?] cousin of Chomu [Chomun], Dr. Whitehouse also dead, a feudal inferior of the House of [?].” Group portrait several members of a company. John Traill, ordained 1869, came to Jaipur with his wife in 1872. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79423
title: On the road, Liaoning, China, ca.1889

description: Exterior view of a country road where a number of horse drawn carts have stopped by the road side. It possibly shows a missionary on itinerant work in the field. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into the Manchuria field. Stations were established at Shenyang [Moukden], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79212
title: Breakfast Table, Ramgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Breakfast Table by the wayside, Ramgarh.” View of outdoors breakfast table in between two carts. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79201
title: Sat Narayanis Temple, Jhunihunun, India, ca.1901

description: “The Sat Narayanis Temple. The Temple of ‘the true God’, Jhunjhanu [Jhunjhunu].” Exterior view of temple building. The building is covered with detailed mural paintings. The Shekhawati region, of which Jhunjhunu is a part, is known for its numerous highly detailed frescos which adorn the walls of temples and mansions. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79224
title: Rao Raja, Patan, India, ca.1901

description: “The Rao Raja of Patan. [L to R] cousin, The Rao Raja Chief of Patan, Uncle.” Group portrait the Rao Raja and two other men in fine apparel. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79364
title: Indigenous men from the Manchuria mission field, China, 1888

description: Group portrait showing a large number of indigenous men, of a wide age range, posed outside a brick building. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into Manchuria. Stations were established at Moukden [Shenyang], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing itinerant evangelical and medical work.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79194
title: Inscription Rock, Bairat, India, ca.1901

description: “The Inscription rock. The inscription is from the time of Asoka 3rd Century B.C. about 260 B.C. Traces of Buddhist residences are found here and at Nagar in the south of Jaipur State. [pointing to small letters on bottom left of stone] Some of the old letters still seen on the rock.” View of large stone with man standing in front. A small amount of writing is visible on the stone. Asoka [Ashoka] was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled most of the Indian subcontinent. He famously converted to Buddhism. Bairat [Viratnagar] is also home to some of the oldest Buddhist sites. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79234
title: Dadu’s Palka, Bachun, India, ca.1901

description: “Dadu’s Palka, Bichun [Bachun] Hill.” External view of people seated outside building. Rev. John Trail is sitting on stone ledge. John Traill, ordained 1869, came to Jaipur with his wife in 1872. He focused on ecclesiastical organization and preaching. Dadu Dayal, born 1544 in Ahmedabad, was a poet and sant mat, or Hindu saint and teacher. He died in 1603 in Naraina a village just west of Bachun. His followers are known as the Dadu Panth. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79186
title: Kund, Khetri, India, ca.1901

description: “The Kund or Reservoir in the town of Khetri.” External view of amphitheatre like steps leading to dry pool area. The pool would likely fill during the monsoon season, the steps allowing access to the water. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79166
title: Street, Sikar, India, ca.1900

description: “A street in Sikar. The town of Sikar is the residence of the Rao Raja Madho Singh Bahadar, a feudatory noble of Jaipur. He is one of the Shekhawat Rajputs. The town is walled and has several fine bazars. The palace is lighted by the electric light.” External view of street with palace building on the left. The town of Sikar is located 70 miles northwest of Jaipur. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79225
title: Old Palace, Patan, India, ca.1901

description: “The old Palace and the hill Patan.” View of palace built into hill with landscape and other buildings visible. Patan was the site of a significant battle in 1790 between the Maratha Confederacy with their French allies and the Rajputs of Jaipur. The battle ended in defeat for the Rajputs ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79190
title: His Village House, Chirawa, India, ca.1901

description: “His Village House. One of the seth’s houses in the home land, Chirawa.” External view of large house with decorated gate. There are several people in the street in front. Seth’s were merchants who travelled all over India to make their fortunes. They often built large houses or monuments with their fortune. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79419
title: Mission house, Liaoyang, China, ca.1889

description: “J. A. W’s. House, Liaoyang.” Exterior view of a single story house with a Chinese style roof, an indigenous man stands at the door. The building is part of a larger complex. The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the indigenous evangelist in Liaoyang from 1882 until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79156
title: Main Street, Udaipari, India, ca.1900

description: “The main street in the village of Udaipari. Inhabitants 1,450. There are about 350 houses in this village.” View of people sitting alongside street. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79216
title: Village Cattle, Khandel, India, ca.1901

description: “The Village Cattle, Khandel.” View of field with herd of cattle and farmhouse in background. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79223
title: Spreading Banyan Tree, Rajasthan, India, ca.1901

description: “The spreading Banian [Banyan] Tree. It is giving a stable for horses & camels, a cookhouse & servants quarters to the missionary on a Preaching Tour.” View of large Banyan tree with several horses, camels and people standing beneath. The Banyan is both religiously significant in Hinduism and the National Tree of India. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79528
title: Synod meeting, Tanna, 1889

description: “Kwamera, Tanna. Synod Meeting of 1889.” Group portrait of missionaries, with their wives and a child, who attended the Mission Synod on Tanna.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79189
title: Town and Fort, Khetri, India, ca.1901

description: “The Town and Fort of Khetri. Taken from the top of the city gate. Khertri is picturesquely situated in the midst of hills and is difficult of (80 miles due N. of Jaipur) access. The population of the Khetri estate lives in 3 towns and 257 villages and was in 1891 – 131,377. Copper, cobalt, and aluminium mines are in the hills.” View of cityscape with hills in the background. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79196
title: Well, Chirawa, India, ca.1901

description: “A well at Chirawa 400 feet deep.” View of well with domed canopies and pillars. Camels pictured in front. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79153
title: Temple of the Maolis, Samode, India, ca.1901

description: “The Temple of the Maolis or 7 Furies in the hill near Samodh [Samode].” External view of several men in front of tree and temple. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79211
title: Loading the Porters, Ramgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Porters Being Loaded – Ramgarh.” View of several men loading camels. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79125
title: Amar Das, Jaipur, India, ca.1900

description: "Amar Das and his family. Amar das is a licentiate of our Church at present a very valuable worker in Jaipur." Group portrait of Amar Das, his wife, and three children. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79185
title: Temple of Hanuman, Khetri, India, ca.1901

description: “The Temple of Hanuman the Monkey God, Khetri.” External view of temple structure with trees partly obstructing view. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79198
title: Worshipper and His God, Bairat, India, ca.1901

description: “The Worshipper and his god. The stone is supposed to look like an Elephant’s head – it is worshipped as Ganesh [Ganesha]. Near Bairat.” View of large stone being prayed to by man. Ganesh [Ganesha] is a Hindu deity commonly depicted as having the head of an elephant. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79370
title: Missionary picnic, Manchuria, China, 1888

description: Group portrait of missionaries, wives and children taken during a picnic where everyone is sitting on straw matting with a meal in the centre. Several two wheeled carts a visible in the background. In the centre back is Dr John Ross, founder of the Manchuria mission, and far right is James Whylie. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland attempted to establish a mission in China in 1862 but it was not until the arrival of Dr John Ross in 1872 that real in roads were made into Manchuria. Stations were established at Moukden [Shenyang], Liaoyang, Haicheng and Newchwang, stretching from the coast to the far interior. Many stations and outstations were run by indigenous pastors who were often sent into hostile areas with little support. John Ross and John MacIntyre would take turns in travelling around the field doing evangelical and medical work. ❧ The image is from an album associated with Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79805
title: Uganda railway bridge, Kenya, ca.1908-1912

description: "Uganda railway temporary bridge". Wooden bridge spanning a valley. There is a train pulling six carriages across the bridge with Indian workers on the engine and in the carriages. There is a man standing at the side of the track on the bridge to the left of the image. There is a man suspended on the bridge to the lower foreground of the image. The Uganda Railway was built between 1896 and 1931; it extended from Mombasa, Kenya to Kampala, Uganda. It was built by the British Government using Sikh labourers brought over from India.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79217
title: Fuel Gatherers, Khandel, India, ca.1901

description: “The fuel gatherers, Khandel.” Group portrait of several women and girls carrying baskets of twigs on their heads. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79202
title: Seth’s House, Jhunihunun, India, ca.1901

description: “A Seth’s House, Jhunjhanu [Jhunjhunu].” External view of large house with crowd in front. The house is covered with detailed mural paintings. Seth’s were merchants who travelled all over India to make their fortunes. They often built large houses or monuments with their fortune. The Shekhawati region, of which Jhunjhunu is a part, is known for its numerous highly detailed frescos which adorn the walls of temples and mansions. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79205
title: From Top of Thakur’s Palace, Nawalgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “From the top of the Thakur’s Palce, Nawalgarh. Population in 1901 was 12,315, 1881 was 10,160.” View of city from the top of tall building. Gobindji’s [Govindji] Temple is visible in the distance. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79167
title: Gopal Ji’s Temple, Sikar, India, ca.1900

description: “Gopal ji’s [Gopalji] Temple, Sikar.” External view of temple buildings. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79183
title: Bhim’s Top, Bairat, India, ca.1901

description: “Bhim’s Top (great gun), Bairat [Viratnagar]. Bhimji’s gun, which he used against his enemies. It was turned into stone??” View of man with spear standing outside stone hut and beneath large overhanging stone. Bhim, one of the Pandava brothers, was believed to have lived in a cave in Bairat. The Pandavas were the five sons of Pandu. Their story is recorded in the Mahabharata, one of the most significant Sanskrit epics of ancient India. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79271
title: Jain Tower, Chittaurgarh, India, ca.1890

description: “Jaina [Jain] tower Chittore [Chittorgarh].” View of carved stone tower from a distance. The Kirti Stambh, or Tower of Fame, was built in the 12th century and reaches 22 metres into the air. It is dedicated to Adinath, a Jain saint, and the exterior of the tower is covered with sculptures of Jain saints and symbols. ❧ Views of Rajputana by Lala Deen Diyal.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79123
title: Bible Cart, Jaipur, India, ca. 1900

description: “The Bible cart, accompanied by 2 or 3 preachers visits the 6 main bazars once a week. Then for hours each morning the gospel is preached, hymns sung and books sold." External view of 3 indigenous men standing next to book cart. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79338
title: Caravan, Nagpur, India, ca.1937

description: "The Caravan." Group portrait of The British and Foreign Bible Society Caravan. ❧ The British and Foreign Bible Society was set up to distribute the Bible in translation and at an affordable price. Stephen Hislop (1817-1863) was charged, by the Free Church of Scotland, with setting up a mission in Nagpur in 1845 which had been endowed by an army officer, Brigadier W. Hill.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79182
title: Cave Dwelling, Bairat, India, ca.1901

description: “Cave dwelling, Bairat. One cave is 22 feet x 10-12 high. The 5 famous Pandav [Pandava] brothers were concealed here for a time.” View of large stone with small cave entrances beneath it. The Pandavas were the five sons of Pandu. Their story is recorded in the Mahabharata, one of the most significant Sanskrit epics of ancient India. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79164
title: Seth’s Chhatri, Sikar, India, ca.1900

description: “The Seth’s Chatri [chhatri]. The seths (merchants) are the famous marwaris, who go to great centres (Culcutta [Kolkata] to), make fortunes and send money to their old homes to erect such monuments.” External view of large ornate building with several domed roofs and canopies. There are several people in front with a camel. “Marwaris”, while specifically referring to people from Marwar in western Rajasthan, eventually came to refer to refer to all Rajasthani people. The term “chhatri” refers to the domed canopies and is considered typical of Rajasthani architecture. Chhatris were often built as cenotaphs for wealthy or important individuals, especially in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79207
title: Thakur and Relatives, Nawalgarh, India, ca.1901

description: “The Thakur and his Relatives, Nawalgarh.” Group portrait of Thakur and several other men and boys under thatched canopy. ❧ United Free Church of Scotland photographs from the Rajputana mission.