DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8112335
title: A Large-Scale AIS Datset from Finnish Water

description: The proposed AIS dataset encompasses a substantial temporal span of 20 months, spanning from April 2021 to December 2022. This extensive coverage period empowers analysts to examine long-term trends and variations in vessel activities. Moreover, it facilitates researchers in comprehending the potential influence of external factors, including weather patterns, seasonal variations, and economic conditions, on vessel traffic and behavior within the Finnish waters.

This dataset encompasses an extensive array of data pertaining to vessel movements and activities encompassing seas, rivers, and lakes. Anticipated to be comprehensive in nature, the dataset encompasses a diverse range of ship types, such as cargo ships, tankers, fishing vessels, passenger ships, and various other categories.

The AIS dataset exhibits a prominent attribute in the form of its exceptional granularity with a total of 2 293 129 345 data points. The provision of such granular information proves can help analysts to comprehend vessel dynamics and operations within the Finnish waters. It enables the identification of patterns and anomalies in vessel behavior and facilitates an assessment of the potential environmental implications associated with maritime activities.

Please cite the following publication when using the dataset:

TBD

The publication is available at:  TBD

A preprint version of the publication is available at  TBD

csv file structure

YYYY-MM-DD-location.csv

This file contains the received AIS position reports. The structure of the logged parameters is the following: [timestamp, timestampExternal, mmsi, lon, lat, sog, cog, navStat, rot, posAcc, raim, heading]

timestamp I beleive this is the UTC second when the report was generated by the electronic position system (EPFS) (0-59, or 60 if time stamp is not available, which should also be the default value, or 61 if positioning system is in manual input mode, or 62 if electronic position fixing system operates in estimated (dead reckoning) mode, or 63 if the positioning system is inoperative).

timestampExternal The timestamp associated with the MQTT message received from www.digitraffic.fi. It is assumed this timestamp is the Epoch time corresponding to when the AIS message was received by digitraffic.fi.

mmsi MMSI number, Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a unique 9 digit number that is assigned to a (Digital Selective Calling) DSC radio or an AIS unit. Check https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Mobile_Service_Identity

lon Longitude, Longitude in 1/10 000 min (+/-180 deg, East = positive (as per 2's complement), West = negative (as per 2's complement). 181= (6791AC0h) = not available = default)

lat Latitude, Latitude in 1/10 000 min (+/-90 deg, North = positive (as per 2's complement), South = negative (as per 2's complement). 91deg (3412140h) = not available = default)

sog Speed over ground in 1/10 knot steps (0-102.2 knots) 1 023 = not available, 1 022 = 102.2 knots or higher

cog Course over ground in 1/10 = (0-3599). 3600 (E10h) = not available = default. 3 601-4 095 should not be used

navStat Navigational status, 0 = under way using engine, 1 = at anchor, 2 = not under command, 3 = restricted maneuverability, 4 = constrained by her draught, 5 = moored, 6 = aground, 7 = engaged in fishing, 8 = under way sailing, 9 = reserved for future amendment of navigational status for ships carrying DG, HS, or MP, or IMO hazard or pollutant category C, high speed craft (HSC), 10 = reserved for future amendment of navigational status for ships carrying dangerous goods (DG), harmful substances (HS) or marine pollutants (MP), or IMO hazard or pollutant category A, wing in ground (WIG); 11 = power-driven vessel towing astern (regional use); 12 = power-driven vessel pushing ahead or towing alongside (regional use); 13 = reserved for future use, 14 = AIS-SART (active), MOB-AIS, EPIRB-AIS 15 = undefined = default (also used by AIS-SART, MOB-AIS and EPIRB-AIS under test)

rot ROTAIS Rate of turn



0 to +126 = turning right at up to 708 deg per min or higher

0 to -126 = turning left at up to 708 deg per min or higher

Values between 0 and 708 deg per min coded by ROTAIS = 4.733 SQRT(ROTsensor) degrees per min where ROTsensor is the Rate of Turn as input by an external Rate of Turn Indicator (TI). ROTAIS is rounded to the nearest integer value.

+127 = turning right at more than 5 deg per 30 s (No TI available)

-127 = turning left at more than 5 deg per 30 s (No TI available)

-128 (80 hex) indicates no turn information available (default).


ROT data should not be derived from COG information.

posAcc Position accuracy, The position accuracy (PA) flag should be determined in accordance with the table below:



1 = high (<= 10 m)

0 = low (> 10 m)

0 = default


See https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=AISMessagesA#RAIM

raim RAIM-flag Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) flag of electronic position fixing device; 0 = RAIM not in use = default; 1 = RAIM in use. See Table https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=AISMessagesA#RAIM

Check https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_autonomous_integrity_monitoring

heading True heading, Degrees (0-359) (511 indicates not available = default)

YYYY-MM-DD-metadata.csv

This file contains the received AIS metadata: the ship static and voyage related data. The structure of the logged parameters is the following: [timestamp, destination, mmsi, callSign, imo, shipType, draught, eta, posType, pointA, pointB, pointC, pointD, name]

timestamp The timestamp associated with the MQTT message received from www.digitraffic.fi. It is assumed this timestamp is the Epoch time corresponding to when the AIS message was received by digitraffic.fi.

destination Maximum 20 characters using 6-bit ASCII; @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ = not available For SAR aircraft, the use of this field may be decided by the responsible administration

mmsi MMSI number, Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a unique 9 digit number that is assigned to a (Digital Selective Calling) DSC radio or an AIS unit. Check https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Mobile_Service_Identity

callSign 7?=?6 bit ASCII characters, @@@@@@@ = not available = default Craft associated with a parent vessel, should use “A” followed by the last 6 digits of the MMSI of the parent vessel. Examples of these craft include towed vessels, rescue boats, tenders, lifeboats and liferafts.

imo 0 = not available = default – Not applicable to SAR aircraft



0000000001-0000999999 not used

0001000000-0009999999 = valid IMO number;

0010000000-1073741823 = official flag state number.


Check: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMO_number

shipType



0 = not available or no ship = default

1-99 = as defined below

100-199 = reserved, for regional use

200-255 = reserved, for future use Not applicable to SAR aircraft


Check https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/AIS/AISGuide.pdf and https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=AISMessagesAStatic

draught In 1/10 m, 255 = draught 25.5 m or greater, 0 = not available = default; in accordance with IMO Resolution A.851 Not applicable to SAR aircraft, should be set to 0

eta Estimated time of arrival; MMDDHHMM UTC



Bits 19-16: month; 1-12; 0 = not available = default

Bits 15-11: day; 1-31; 0 = not available = default

Bits 10-6: hour; 0-23; 24 = not available = default

Bits 5-0: minute; 0-59; 60 = not available = default


For SAR aircraft, the use of this field may be decided by the responsible administration

posType Type of electronic position fixing device



0 = undefined (default)

1 = GPS

2 = GLONASS

3 = combined GPS/GLONASS

4 = Loran-C

5 = Chayka

6 = integrated navigation system

7 = surveyed

8 = Galileo,

9-14 = not used

15 = internal GNSS


pointA Reference point for reported position.

Also indicates the dimension of ship (m). For SAR aircraft, the use of this field may be decided by the responsible administration. If used it should indicate the maximum dimensions of the craft. As default should A = B = C = D be set to “0”

Check: https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=AISMessagesAStatic#_Reference_point_for

pointB See above

pointC See above

pointD See above

name Maximum 20 characters 6 bit ASCII "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@" = not available = default The Name should be as shown on the station radio license. For SAR aircraft, it should be set to “SAR AIRCRAFT NNNNNNN” where NNNNNNN equals the aircraft registration number.
description: The work has been partially supported by the EMJMD master's programme in Engineering of Data-Intensive Intelligent Software Systems (EDISS - European Union's Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency grant number 619819)
https://www.master-ediss.eu