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DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696113.v1
title: Microstructural strength of four subtropical soils evaluated by rheometry: properties, difficulties and opportunities

description: ABSTRACT: The structural strength of soils has been extensively described by physical and mechanical properties evaluated on the mesoscale for different soils and management conditions. However, changes in the organization of the soil matrix at the microstructural level, which can be obtained by rheometry, are still seldom used in soil mechanics. Our aim was to use the amplitude sweep test, a rheometry technique, to investigate the microstructural strength of four subtropical soils (two Oxisols, an Ultisol and a Vertisol) and to discuss difficulties with respect to the samples, water content, soil density and vertical force. The various rheological properties which reveal the soil microstructural strength were determined: deformation at the end of the linear viscoelastic range, LVE range (γLVE), shear stress at the end of the LVE range (τLVE), deformation at yield point, YP (γYP), storage and loss moduli at YP (G′G″YP), maximum shear stress (τmax), and integral z. In general, soil elasticity (γLVE and γYP) and microstructural strength (τLVE and τmax) were greater in the Oxisols and the Vertisol, which both possess high clay content, while the latter also contains expansive clay minerals. The lowest structural strength was observed in the Ultisol which had a high sand content. As rheological properties are related to soil properties such as particle size distribution and carbon content, they can be applied in the evaluation of the microstructural strength of clayey and sandy soils and allows for inferences regarding inter-particle shear strength. However, the test is not applicable to very dry soil samples and sample preparations can affect the results. We suggest a number of approaches to find solutions for these difficulties/problems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696110
title: Development of Different Grass Species with the Use of the Growth Regulator Trinexapac-Ethyl

description: ABSTRACT: The use of synthetic compounds to retard the growth of lawns aims at reducing the number of operations for their maintenance. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of trinexapac-ethyl on the development and rooting of five different grass species. Bahiagrass, St. Augustine grass, Japanese lawn grass, Bermuda grass and, broadleaf carpetgrass were grown in pots of 20 L. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Trinexapac-ethyl (g ha-1) was applied at doses of 113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452 in a sequential spraying, and also at single doses of 678 and 904. The second application was carried out 14 days after the first. On the day prior to applications all species were cut at 3 cm height. The phytotoxicity evaluations were performed weekly, and evaluations on plant height, number and height of inflorescences, biomass of aerial parts and roots were carried out 35 days after the second application. The trinexapac-ethyl application was effective in inhibiting the development of the Japanese lawn grass, Bermuda grass and broadleaf carpetgrass when applied in sequential doses higher than 226 g ha-1, or single doses of 678 or 904 g ha-1 and, the visual appearance of lawns was not affected. In the case of St. Augustine grass and Bahiagrass species, the growth regulator did not promoted reduction in the growth of both grass species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696110.v1
title: Development of Different Grass Species with the Use of the Growth Regulator Trinexapac-Ethyl

description: ABSTRACT: The use of synthetic compounds to retard the growth of lawns aims at reducing the number of operations for their maintenance. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of trinexapac-ethyl on the development and rooting of five different grass species. Bahiagrass, St. Augustine grass, Japanese lawn grass, Bermuda grass and, broadleaf carpetgrass were grown in pots of 20 L. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Trinexapac-ethyl (g ha-1) was applied at doses of 113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452 in a sequential spraying, and also at single doses of 678 and 904. The second application was carried out 14 days after the first. On the day prior to applications all species were cut at 3 cm height. The phytotoxicity evaluations were performed weekly, and evaluations on plant height, number and height of inflorescences, biomass of aerial parts and roots were carried out 35 days after the second application. The trinexapac-ethyl application was effective in inhibiting the development of the Japanese lawn grass, Bermuda grass and broadleaf carpetgrass when applied in sequential doses higher than 226 g ha-1, or single doses of 678 or 904 g ha-1 and, the visual appearance of lawns was not affected. In the case of St. Augustine grass and Bahiagrass species, the growth regulator did not promoted reduction in the growth of both grass species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696107
title: Hormesis Effect of Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Sub-Doses and Mepiquat Chloride on Cotton Plant

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormesis effect of sub-doses of dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide and the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride on the vegetative and productive characteristics of two cotton cultivars (FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The experiment was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 6 x 2 x 2, with four replications, totaling 96 installments with 24 treatments: the witness and five sub-doses of the herbicide 2,4-D: 0.68, 1.36, 2.04, 2.72 and 3.40 g equivalent acid (e.a) per ha, with and without application of mepiquat chloride at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 in the cotton cultivars FMT 701 and Fibermax 966. The sub-doses applied were 2,4-D at 45 days after the emergence of the plant (DAE), and the growth regulator was applied at 70 DAE. It was found that the use of the growth regulator (mepiquat chloride) at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 was effective in controlling plant development relative to its variable height. The application of sub-doses of 2,4-D up to 1.75 g e.a ha-1 provides increased seed cotton productivity FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The cultivar FMT 701 got greater plant height, stem diameter, number of reproductive branches, bolls per plant and seed cotton productivity compared to the cultivar Fibermax 966.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696107.v1
title: Hormesis Effect of Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Sub-Doses and Mepiquat Chloride on Cotton Plant

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormesis effect of sub-doses of dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide and the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride on the vegetative and productive characteristics of two cotton cultivars (FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The experiment was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 6 x 2 x 2, with four replications, totaling 96 installments with 24 treatments: the witness and five sub-doses of the herbicide 2,4-D: 0.68, 1.36, 2.04, 2.72 and 3.40 g equivalent acid (e.a) per ha, with and without application of mepiquat chloride at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 in the cotton cultivars FMT 701 and Fibermax 966. The sub-doses applied were 2,4-D at 45 days after the emergence of the plant (DAE), and the growth regulator was applied at 70 DAE. It was found that the use of the growth regulator (mepiquat chloride) at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 was effective in controlling plant development relative to its variable height. The application of sub-doses of 2,4-D up to 1.75 g e.a ha-1 provides increased seed cotton productivity FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The cultivar FMT 701 got greater plant height, stem diameter, number of reproductive branches, bolls per plant and seed cotton productivity compared to the cultivar Fibermax 966.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696104
title: Sensory-motor training versus resistance training among patients with knee osteoarthritis: randomized single-blind controlled trial

description: ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis of the knee is defined as a progressive disease of the synovial joints and is characterized by failure of joint damage repair. The objective here was to compare the effectiveness of sensory-motor training versus resistance training among patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, single-blinded controlled trial conducted at the outpatient service of the University of Santo Amaro. METHODS: A total of 64 patients were randomly assigned to sensory-motor training or resistance training. The evaluations were performed at baseline and 16 weeks after the intervention and included pain evaluation on a visual analogue scale, isometric quadriceps femoris force measurement using a dynamometer, Timed Up and Go test, Tinetti balance scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, and the SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Cohen’s effect size. RESULTS: Sensory-motor training may be a plausible alternative and showed a small effect on pain and a medium effect on maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Resistance training showed a small effect on balance and a medium effect on mobility. CONCLUSION: Resistance training and sensory motor training for the lower limbs among patients with knee osteoarthritis seemed to present similar effects on pain and function. However, because there was a considerable risk of type 2 error, further randomized clinical trials are still needed to provide a sound conclusion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696104.v1
title: Sensory-motor training versus resistance training among patients with knee osteoarthritis: randomized single-blind controlled trial

description: ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis of the knee is defined as a progressive disease of the synovial joints and is characterized by failure of joint damage repair. The objective here was to compare the effectiveness of sensory-motor training versus resistance training among patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, single-blinded controlled trial conducted at the outpatient service of the University of Santo Amaro. METHODS: A total of 64 patients were randomly assigned to sensory-motor training or resistance training. The evaluations were performed at baseline and 16 weeks after the intervention and included pain evaluation on a visual analogue scale, isometric quadriceps femoris force measurement using a dynamometer, Timed Up and Go test, Tinetti balance scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, and the SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Cohen’s effect size. RESULTS: Sensory-motor training may be a plausible alternative and showed a small effect on pain and a medium effect on maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Resistance training showed a small effect on balance and a medium effect on mobility. CONCLUSION: Resistance training and sensory motor training for the lower limbs among patients with knee osteoarthritis seemed to present similar effects on pain and function. However, because there was a considerable risk of type 2 error, further randomized clinical trials are still needed to provide a sound conclusion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696101
title: Factors associated with oral biofilm in ICU patients with infectious diseases

description: Abstract Introduction Hospitalization may cause a decline in oral health and affect the entire body. The intensive care unit (ICU) may be a favorable environment for oral biofilm to accumulate in critically ill patients. Objective To identify factors associated with oral biofilm in ICU patients in a hospital for infectious diseases. Method This was a retrospective, descriptive and inferential study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 178 medical records of patients from January 2012 to July 2015. Biofilm presence was assessed according to the Greene and Vermillion index. Potential influential factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Result Among ICU patients, 69.1% were men, 60.7% had acquired immune deficiency (AIDS), 66.3% were ward patients, 50.6% were intubated, and 50.0% were sedated. The oral elements of the patients were mostly normal. The following characteristics were significantly associated with oral biofilm: changes in the lips, gums, cheeks, and palates and bleeding. Patients from the ward had a lower risk of biofilm. Conclusion Increased oral biofilm accumulation was observed in patients with oral changes, and patient origin was associated with the presence of biofilm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696101.v1
title: Factors associated with oral biofilm in ICU patients with infectious diseases

description: Abstract Introduction Hospitalization may cause a decline in oral health and affect the entire body. The intensive care unit (ICU) may be a favorable environment for oral biofilm to accumulate in critically ill patients. Objective To identify factors associated with oral biofilm in ICU patients in a hospital for infectious diseases. Method This was a retrospective, descriptive and inferential study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 178 medical records of patients from January 2012 to July 2015. Biofilm presence was assessed according to the Greene and Vermillion index. Potential influential factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Result Among ICU patients, 69.1% were men, 60.7% had acquired immune deficiency (AIDS), 66.3% were ward patients, 50.6% were intubated, and 50.0% were sedated. The oral elements of the patients were mostly normal. The following characteristics were significantly associated with oral biofilm: changes in the lips, gums, cheeks, and palates and bleeding. Patients from the ward had a lower risk of biofilm. Conclusion Increased oral biofilm accumulation was observed in patients with oral changes, and patient origin was associated with the presence of biofilm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696098
title: Serodiagnosis of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in human and canine populations living in Indigenous Reserves in the Brazilian Amazon Region

description: ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is endemic to the Northern, Northeastern, Central-Western, and Southeastern regions of Brazil. We aimed to assess the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in indigenous villages located in the States of Mato Grosso and Tocantins using a serological survey conducted in May 2011. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 470 humans and 327 dogs living in villages of the Urubu Branco and Tapirapé Karajá indigenous reserves. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Leishmania spp. antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a crude antigen (CA) and soluble antigen (SA), and Dual Path Platform (DPP®) immunoassay for canine visceral leishmaniasis. RESULTS: Of 470 human samples tested, two (0.4%) were positive using IFAT. Among 327 dog samples tested, 28 (8.6%) were positive using ELISA CA, five (1.5%) using ELISA SA, two (0.6%) using IFAT, and none using DPP® immunoassay with Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. When Leishmania amazonensis antigen was used, 20 (6.1%) samples were positive using ELISA CA and four (1.2%) using IFAT. CONCLUSIONS: There was a low prevalence of infection in the region, and significant differences among the main serological methods used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. These findings indicated that the detection of Leishmania spp. requires further study and improvement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696098.v1
title: Serodiagnosis of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in human and canine populations living in Indigenous Reserves in the Brazilian Amazon Region

description: ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is endemic to the Northern, Northeastern, Central-Western, and Southeastern regions of Brazil. We aimed to assess the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in indigenous villages located in the States of Mato Grosso and Tocantins using a serological survey conducted in May 2011. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 470 humans and 327 dogs living in villages of the Urubu Branco and Tapirapé Karajá indigenous reserves. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Leishmania spp. antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a crude antigen (CA) and soluble antigen (SA), and Dual Path Platform (DPP®) immunoassay for canine visceral leishmaniasis. RESULTS: Of 470 human samples tested, two (0.4%) were positive using IFAT. Among 327 dog samples tested, 28 (8.6%) were positive using ELISA CA, five (1.5%) using ELISA SA, two (0.6%) using IFAT, and none using DPP® immunoassay with Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. When Leishmania amazonensis antigen was used, 20 (6.1%) samples were positive using ELISA CA and four (1.2%) using IFAT. CONCLUSIONS: There was a low prevalence of infection in the region, and significant differences among the main serological methods used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. These findings indicated that the detection of Leishmania spp. requires further study and improvement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696089
title: Carlos Oswald: a history and two themes

description: Abstract This article presents a research made, in large part, from original sources, focused on the painter Carlos Oswald (1882-1971) considering the relation between art and religion, as he was a member the Order of St. Gregory and dedicated himself to sacred art, topics discussed in previous publications. The singularity of the aforementioned painter resides in his establishing of connections between the arts. The article highlights Oswald's artistic and literary works, education and religion, produced concurrently to a deepening of the studies on Brazilian Catholic sacred art, during the end of the 19th and the middle of the 20th century. The research stresses the participation of the Catholic Church in Brazil in the composition of sacred art and the effects of its universal patterns in aesthetic works.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696089.v1
title: Carlos Oswald: a history and two themes

description: Abstract This article presents a research made, in large part, from original sources, focused on the painter Carlos Oswald (1882-1971) considering the relation between art and religion, as he was a member the Order of St. Gregory and dedicated himself to sacred art, topics discussed in previous publications. The singularity of the aforementioned painter resides in his establishing of connections between the arts. The article highlights Oswald's artistic and literary works, education and religion, produced concurrently to a deepening of the studies on Brazilian Catholic sacred art, during the end of the 19th and the middle of the 20th century. The research stresses the participation of the Catholic Church in Brazil in the composition of sacred art and the effects of its universal patterns in aesthetic works.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696086
title: Intramural duodenal hematoma secondary to pancreatitis: case report and review of the literature

description: ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Spontaneous intramural duodenal hematoma is uncommon and is usually associated with coagulopathy, anticoagulant therapy and endoscopic procedures. The aim here was to describe a case of intramural duodenal hematoma caused by chronic exacerbation of pancreatitis. CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old male with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis was admitted to hospital due to abdominal pain, melena and low hemoglobin. An intramural duodenal hematoma with active bleeding was detected and selective angioembolization was warranted. The patient evolved with a perforated duodenum and underwent laparotomy with exclusion of the pylorus and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. He was discharged nine days later. CONCLUSION: Intramural duodenal hematoma is a rare complication of pancreatitis. Selective embolization is the preferred treatment for hemorrhagic complications of pancreatitis. However, the risk of visceral ischemia and perforation should be considered.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696086.v1
title: Intramural duodenal hematoma secondary to pancreatitis: case report and review of the literature

description: ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Spontaneous intramural duodenal hematoma is uncommon and is usually associated with coagulopathy, anticoagulant therapy and endoscopic procedures. The aim here was to describe a case of intramural duodenal hematoma caused by chronic exacerbation of pancreatitis. CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old male with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis was admitted to hospital due to abdominal pain, melena and low hemoglobin. An intramural duodenal hematoma with active bleeding was detected and selective angioembolization was warranted. The patient evolved with a perforated duodenum and underwent laparotomy with exclusion of the pylorus and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. He was discharged nine days later. CONCLUSION: Intramural duodenal hematoma is a rare complication of pancreatitis. Selective embolization is the preferred treatment for hemorrhagic complications of pancreatitis. However, the risk of visceral ischemia and perforation should be considered.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696080
title: Micro-CT analysis of filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials

description: Abstract Introduction Filling ability of retrograde cavity and porosity are important properties for root-end filling materials and may be evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Objective To evaluate filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Material and method Cavities with 1 mm internal diameter and 3 mm depth were prepared in bovine dentin sections by using ultrasonic tips (CVD No. 6.1107-6), and filled by Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA); Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). Before and after filling, cavities were scanned by using micro-CT (SkyScan 1176). Filling and porosity were analyzed by using CTAn software. Filling ability was calculated based on volumetric percentage of the filled cavity. The number and percentage of closed pores were measured throughout entire extension of the filled cavity (total) and in each third (cervical, middle and apical), by using bi and tridimensional analyses. The filling data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests, and porosity data to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests, at a 5% significance level. Result S26 and ZOE presented higher filling ability than MTA (p&lt;0.05). S26 showed the highest total porosity (number and percentage) (p&lt;0.05). In all thirds after 2D and 3D analyses, porosity was higher for S26 in comparison to MTA and ZOE (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Although Sealer 26 presented more porosity, the material was associated with a great filling ability. Micro-CT analysis showed no correlation between filling ability and porosity.