cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288456.v1
title: SOMATIC CELL COUNTS, COMPOSITION AND TOTAL BACTERIAL COUNTS OF MILK FROM DAIRY FARMS IN THE CITIES OF MIRANDA DO NORTE, ITAPECURÚ-MIRIM AND SANTA RITA, MARANHÃO STATE, BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic cell counts (SCC), composition and total bacterial counts (TBC) of milk from dairy farms in Miranda do Norte, Itapecurú-Mirim and Santa Rita, all located in Brazilian Maranhão state. In the A period, it were verified means of 2,236,700 somatic cells/mL; 3.87% fat; 3.19% protein; 4.36% lactose; 12.25% (TS); 8.55% non-fat solids (NFS) and 677.90 clonies forming unit (CFU)/mL. In the winter period means were 2,629,950 cells/mL; 3.87% fat; 3.27% protein; 4.45% lactose; 13.19% TS; 8.74% NFS and 8,421,35 CFU/mL. Regarding sazonality, both SCC and TBC means were higher during the period B than during the period A.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288453.v1
title: RESIDUAL ACTION OF INSECTICIDES TO LARVAE AND ADULTS OF THE PREDATOR CYCLONEDA SANGUINEA LINNAEUS, 1763 (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

description: ABSTRACT The residual action of the insecticides imidacloprid/Beta-cyfluthrin, clothianidin and chlorfenapyr was evaluated in regard to third-instar larvae and adults of the predator Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus). Cotton seeds of the cultivar BRS IPÊ were sowed in PVC pots and the plants were maintained in the greenhouse. Upon reaching 25 days of age, the plants were sprayed with the lowest dosages of the products recommended by the manufacturers, using a manual sprayer. The insecticides evaluated in g a.i.L-1 of water were imidacloprid/Beta-cyfluthrin (Imidacloprido/Beta-ciflutrina 100/12.5 CS – 0.25/0.03), clothianidin (Clotianidina 500 WP – 0.33) and chlorfenapyr (Clorfenapir 240 CS0.80). Distilled water was used as a control. Previously marked leaves, from each treatment, were removed from the plants and taken to the laboratory where they were placed in Petri dishes containing bacteriologic agar solution. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) were placed on cotton leaves following the release of a Trichogramma specimen per dish after 1, 12, 23 and 35 days from pesticides application. Each Petri dish was immediately closed with plastic PVC film. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 4 treatments and 12 replicates, each one formed by 3 third-instar larvae or 1 couple of adults. The number of dead larvae and adults in each treatment was examined 12, 24 and 48 hours after exposure to the chemicals. The products were classified according to categories proposed by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). All the compounds tested were evaluated as class 4 = persistent, causing mortality above 30% up to 31 days after application on cotton leaves.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288451.v1
title: MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY IN BOVINE CARCASSES AND THE INFLUENCE OF REFRIGERATION ON CONTAMINATING MICROBIOTA

description: ABSTRACT With the aim of evaluating the presence of microorganisms in bovine carcasses and the influence of refrigeration on the contaminating microbiotics, some samples were collected from the outer surface of half-carcasses in these regions (rump, loin and rib), after washing and after 24 hours under refrigeration. The average of the mesophilic heterotrofic, psychrotrofic andStaphylococcusmicroorgarnisms, obtained immediately after the carcass washing were respectively 1.8 x 10, 6.4 x 10 and 3.5 x 10 CFU/cm2, while for the samples collected after refrigeration these values were 1.3 x 10, 1.6 x 102 and 5.2 x 10 CFU/cm2. The populations were considered low due to the hygienic practices during the slaughter process, and the differences observed between the averages of the two groups of samples were not statistically significant, leading to the conclusion that that was not an increase of the microorganism population, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the refrigeration process after the slaughter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288450.v1
title: THERMAL REQUIREMENTS AND ESTIMATIVE OF NUMBER OF GENERATIONS OF SPALANGIA ENDIUS WALKER, 1839 (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) IN PELOTAS, RS, BRAZIL

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to estimate the thermal requirements and the number of generations, monthly and annually, of Spalangia endius in pupae of Musca domestica at four constant temperatures. The development period of S. endius was obtained through 100 pupae of M. domestica, with ages between 24-48 hours, exposed for 24 hour to the parasitoids for each temperature, with three replicas. After this period the pupae were individualized in assay tubes and placed in B.O.D. with temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35º C and humidity ≥ 70% and photophase (12h), where they were observed daily until the emergence of the parasitoids. The temperature influenced the duration of the development period of S. endius. The shorter period form egg to adult was at 35º C (16.84 days) and the higher percentage of emergence was at 20º C (37%). The basis temperature was 11.27ºC with a thermal constant of 390.96 degrees-day (DD). The development period was inversely proportional to temperature and the medium of generations per year was 7.24, varying from 7.03 to 7.48.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288448.v1
title: PATHOGENICITY INDEX, PRODUCTION OF HEMOLYSIN AND SEROGROUP OF SAMPLES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS

description: ABSTRACT This work evaluated the index of pathogenicity, the production of hemolysin and determination of serogroups in Escherichia coli strains isolated from liver of commercial laying hens with one day of age. Thirtytwo lots were analyzed, of which 15 were positive for the isolation ofE. coli in the liver, for a total of 24 samples. The pathogenicity in one-day-old chicks was determined by inoculation in air sac and was classified as high, intermediate or low pathogenicity, or non-pathogenic. Serogroups were identified using a set of anti-O antisera (O1 to O180). The production of hemolysin was determined by plating on chicken blood agar (8%) and sheep blood agar (8%). Of the samples studied, 17 (70.83%) were classified as non-pathogenic, 6 (25%) as low pathogenicity and 1 (4.17%) as high pathogenicity. Fourteen different serogroups were identified: O1, O2, O5, O8, O15, O18, O22, O36, O64, O70, O75, O115, O132 and O141, while 5 samples were non-typable. Regarding the test for production of hemolysin, all strains were considered negative for both the test performed with chicken blood agar and that with sheep blood agar. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of identifying the prevalent strains of E. coli in different producing regions, as this information can be used in epidemiological studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288447.v1
title: INDUCTION OF PHYTOALEXINS IN SOYBEAN AND SORGHUM BY SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII

description: ABSTRACT Saccharomyces yeast compounds have been used as a resistance elicitor or for biological control in many pathosystems. Thus, the aim of this research was to verify the induction of phytoalexins in sorghum mesocotyls and soybean cotyledons by using Saccharomyces boulardii in the form of the commercial product Floratil (Merck) (with 2 x 106 cells/mg) and yeast-cell mass obtained from liquid culture in YEPG medium (with 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days old), both at concentrations of 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 15 and 25 mg/mL, as well as the filtrate of this medium in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20%. The control treatments consisted of distilled water and S. cerevisiae (25 mg of commercial product per mL) for the soybean tests and distilled water and acibenzolar-S-methyl (125 mg of active ingredient per L) for the sorghum tests. In soybeans the three tested S. boulardii products presented a dose-dependent effect with R2 of 0.64, 0.94 and 0.98 for the culture filtrate, cell suspension and commercial product of S. boulardii, respectively, with no effect of culture time of yeasts on phytoalexin induction. In sorghum, only the culture filtrate and Floratil presented a dose-dependent effect, with R2 of 0.63 and 0.94, respectively, and the cell suspension of S. boulardii showed dependence of culture time with R2 of 0.62. Thus, S. boulardii and its derivates induce phytoalexins and have potential to be used as an elicitor for assays with induction resistance in pathosystems involving sorghum and soybean plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288444.v1
title: NON-OVIPOSITION AND NON-FEEDING PREFERENCE OFSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA(J. E. SMITH, 1797) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FOR PEANUT CULTIVARS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to select peanut cultivars resistant to Spodoptera frugiperda, selecting non-oviposition and non-feeding preference in choice and no-choice tests. Peanut cultivars with upright growth habit (IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 and IAC Tatu ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC 147, IAC 125, IAC Caiapó and IAC Runner 886) were evaluated. Tests of non-oviposition preference were conducted with newly emerged adults. Adults were fed a 10% honey solution, remaining in cages for 4 days until the start of the evaluations. The evaluations consisted of quantifying the number of eggs and egg masses, followed by calculating the number of eggs per egg mass. To perform non-feeding preference tests, leaf discs from different peanut cultivars were placed in disposable Petri dishes followed by releasing of a third-instar caterpillar for each cultivar. The attractiveness at 1, 5; 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1,440 minutes was evaluated by counting the caterpillars that were feeding on cultivars. The leaf area consumed was evaluated at the end of the experiment for each cultivar. In the tests of non-oviposition and non-feeding preference, with choice or no-choice, none of the cultivars of the upright growth and runner growth habit influenced the oviposition or food of S. frugiperda. Thus, the peanut cultivars showed no resistance of the non-feeding and non-oviposition types.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288442.v1
title: ANTIGEN EVALUATION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LENTIVIRUS IN GOAT HERDS UNDER AND NOT UNDER A CONTROL PROGRAM

description: ABSTRACT Caprine arthritis encephalitis is an infection caused by lentivirus and found on all the continents with a high prevalence in the more technified milk production flocks, causing considerable economic losses for goat production. The aim of this work was the comparison, by Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), between the diagnosis using a national test produced with the strain CAEV Cork and an American commercial kit in a controlled flock and in another flock without a control program for goat lentivirosis. The controlled flock had been under control for twelve years by Embrapa Goats, while the other flock was infected by CAEV and had not undergone any previous program of control. Analyzing the results of the antigens (national and American) in the uncontrolled flock, it was verified that when the antigen was used for the first time, the American commercial antigen showed more significative results than the national one. In the controlled flock the national antigen detected a higher number of cases. Analysis of the data revealed the importance of the diagnosis kits in caprine arthritis encephalitis control programs, as seen in the variation of the responses to the diagnosis according to the expressed protein for the virus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288440.v1
title: INHIBITION OF SMALL RUMINANT LENTIVIRUS BY ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

description: ABSTRACT Inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the replication of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) strain CAEV Cork and of the Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) strain K1514 cultured in fibroblastic cells. The drugs lamivudine, didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine, efavirenz, atazanavir and lopinavir/ritonavir were used. The highest concentration used for lamivudine, stavudine, zidovudine and efavirenz was 500 ?M, for atazanavir it was 50 ?M and 5.0 ?M for lopinavir/r and didanosine. The in vitro antiviral activity was investigated by evaluating the cell viability by the MTT method and testing for inhibition of cytopathic effects (CPE) of the virus. The replication of the virus was not completely inhibited by the protease inhibitors atazanavir and lopinavir/r in the test for CPE, while the others drugs showed significant antiviral efficacy in different concentrations. The protease inhibitors together with the efavirenz did not show antiviral activity when they were assessed by the reduced MTT technique. These data showed that the reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs lamivudine, didanosine, stavudine and zidovudine were effective in the in vitro inhibition of small ruminant lentivirus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288439.v1
title: DIRECT DETECTION OF ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE IN SUIDAE ORGANS IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL, BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (NESTED-PCR)

description: ABSTRACT Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, is an important respiratory disease, responsible for economic losses and reduced productivity. The aim of this study was to determine occurrence of A. pleuropneumoniae in field samples, using an adapted nested-PCR reaction targeting the Apx IV gene. Different DNA concentrations (from 30 µg/mL to 0.01 ng/mL) of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype III reference strain were used to determine the level of sensitivity of first generation and nested-PCR reactions. Thirty-seven field samples sent to Instituto Biológico from 1995 to 2007 were tested by PCR and nested-PCR. Determination of the level of sensitivity showed that PCR could amplify to 2 ng/mL of extracted DNA and nested-PCR to 0.4 ng/mL. Since the nested reaction exhibited a level of sensitivity 5 times greater than the PCR reaction to detect a reference strain, using nested-PCR could minimize the occurrence of false-negative results. Among tested samples, 10 of them were nested-PCR positive, showing occurrence of A. pleuropneumoniae in 9 different animals (including one wild boar). This nested-PCR reaction can be used for direct detection of A. pleuropneumoniae in field samples, even after frozen storage for long periods, without the need for previous bacterial isolation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288436.v1
title: HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE INTERACTION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND PLANT EXTRACTS IN THE MIDGUT OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

description: ABSTRACT The natural insecticidal substances produced by plants in response to insect attack may represent an alternative for the management of pest insects such as Spodoptera frugiperda. This study was therefore aimed to histopathologically analyze the midgut of larvae of S. frugiperda, after ingestion of extracts obtained by maceration and infusion of Petiveria alliacea. Zingiber officinale. Cymbopogon citratus. Malva silvestris. Baccharis genistelloides and Ruta graveolens, and the association of these extracts with Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai. The larvae were treated in vivo with each extract, B. thuringiensis, and the combination of these extracts with the bacteria, and after a reaction kinetics of between 3 to 27 hours they were fixed for the preparation of histological sections, which were stained and analyzed in comparison to the controls with light microscopy. The results showed changes in the histology of the midgut of the larvae of S. frugiperda, 3 hours after application of treatments based on P. alliacea. Z. officinale. C. citratus and M. silvestris, while for B. genistelloides and R. graveolens changes were observed only after 6h. In the interaction of extracts with B. thuringiensis the analysis revealed changes in microvilli, disorganization of the midgut and hypertrophy of epithelial cells that projected into the lumen. The findings show that the histopathological effects of Z. officinale. M. silvestris. R. graveolens and B. genistelloides were more active when compared to extracts of P. alliacea and C. citratus, which showed a positive interaction with B. thuringiensis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288435.v1
title: DECTECCION OF SALMONELLA ALBANY, COAGULASE POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS E MESOPHILIC MICRORGANISMS IN CARCASSES CHICKEN IN NATURA.

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of in natura broiler carcasses commercialized in the market from São Luiz City, MA. Forty samples were collected and analyzed to research of Salmonella spp., coagulase positive Staphylococcus and of mesophilic microorganisms count. Among the analyzed samples, eighteen (45%) were contaminated with coagulase positive Staphylococcus, five (12,5%) were contaminated with Salmonella sp, being identified Salmonella Albany and counting of 103 to 107 UFC/g of mesophilic microorganisms. The results showed the hygienic-sanitary conditions samples analyzed were unsatisfactory and the consumption of this products can lead to an intoxication.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288432.v1
title: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF GAMETES AND EMBRYOS OF GOATS INFECTED WITH CAEV

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of goat ovarian follicles, spermatozoa and embryos to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Spermatozoa and ovarian follicles were analyzed, before and after in vitro infection with CAEV, through immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Goat embryos, produced in vivo from infected and non-infected goats, were submitted to ultrastructural analysis. Immunohistochemical examination of seminal samples from goats naturally and artificially infected with CAEV revealed viral antigens in spermatozoa, while the ultrastructural analysis showed degenerative changes in these cells. Ovarian tissue samples presented a more discreet immunohistochemical positive reaction situated in the stroma region. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the embryos and ovarian follicles were intact. These results indicate that the spermatozoa were infected, confirming the susceptibility of these cells to the virus, as well as the potential of CAEV entering the oocyte, giving rise to infected embryos.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288430.v1
title: CONTROL OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT (XANTHOMONAS AXONOPODIS PV. PHASEOLI) AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF BEAN RESISTANCE TREATED WITH PYCNOPORUS SANGUINEUS EXTRACTS

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to verify the antimicrobial and resistance induction activities of Pycnoporus sanguineus extracts for the control of common bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. In vitro assays were performed using aqueous extracts from basidiocarp, mycelium and culture filtrate of P. sanguineus in concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, with water, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM - 125 mg a.i. L-1) and antibiotic (oxytetracycline 22.5 mg L-1 + streptomycin 225 mg L-1) as control treatments. For the in vivo assays the disease severity and the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were evaluated using extracts of mycelium, basidiocarp and culture filtrate of P. sanguineus at 5% and 10%. Antibacterial activity was verified only for culture filtrate in concentrations above 15% and for concentrations of 1% to 20% of basidiocarp extract. The results of the in vivo assays indicated the potential of basidiocarps extracts from P. sanguineus for the control of X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli in beans, with an average severity reduction of 56%, which may have been due either to direct antimicrobial activity or to resistance induction involving mainly the activation of the plant defense enzymes peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288429.v1
title: INTERACTION BETWEEN TELENOMUS REMUS NIXON (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) AND DORU LUTEIPES SCUDDER (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE) ON SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (J.E. SMITH) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) EGGS

description: ABSTRACT This work aimed at evaluating the interaction between Telenomus remus andD. luteipes. S. frugiperda eggs previously parasitized by T. remus were offered to D. luteipes and D. luteipes eggs were offered to T. remus. To study the influence of different embryonic development stages of the parasitoid, we offered S. frugiperda previously parasitized eggs at different embryonic development stages to the predator. And we offered predator eggs at different embryonic development stages to the parasitoid. The behavior of insects was observed. When S. frugiperda eggs were exposed to T. remus previously, D. luteipes eat the eggs until three days after parasitism. T. remus parasitized D. luteipes eggs until 48h they were laid, but only when predator females were absent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288427.v1
title: EFFECT OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) OIL ON THE FRUIT-FLY CERATITIS CAPITATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOID DIACHASMIMORPHA LONGICAUDATA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

description: ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to evaluate the action of the botanic insecticide neem oil on larvae of Ceratitis capitata, as well as in the parasitism of these larvae by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Third-instar larvae were immersed for 30 seconds in a neem solution, in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of a commercial product composed of 0.37% (3.686 ppm) neem oil, while the controls were immersed only in distilled water. Soon afterwards the larvae were exposed to parasitism of D. longicaudata for 2 hours and 30 minutes. In the no-choice experiment, for every treatment, a single “parasitism unit” was hung inside the cage. In the experiment with free choice, “parasitism units” were hung inside another cage, so that the parasitoids had free access to all treatments. In the no-choice experiment, it was ascertained that the increase of the neem oil concentration decreased the attraction of the females, the number of females that lay, the parasitism rate and parasitoid emergency. In the experiment with free choice, it was ascertained that the emergence of parasitoids and parasitism rate were harmed at the larger neem oil concentrations. The isolated action of neem oil, when in contact with the third-instar larvae, did not affect the emergence of C. capitata.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288425.v1
title: SELECTION OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA STRAINS FOR THE CONTROL OF COTTON BOLL WEEVIL ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ADULTS

description: ABSTRACT The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, is one of the most important pests of the cotton crop, requiring an elevated quantity of insecticides for its control.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness ofBeauveria bassianastrains for A. grandis control. In this assay, 9 strains from different hosts were tested in the concentration of 1 x 108 conidia/mL, under laboratory conditions. All strains evaluated were pathogenic to the cotton boll weevil, causing between 50 and 85% confirmed mortality. The lethal time to kill 50% of insects (LT50) ranged between 2.30 and 8.66 days. The IBCB 241 strain stood out as the most virulent, presenting the highest percentage of confirmed mortality and the shortest LT50, and can therefore be considered as a promising agent for the biological control of the cotton boll weevil A. grandis.