DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvkp
title: Data from: Global energy sector methane emissions estimated by using facility-level satellite observations

description: Methane emissions from energy sector facilities (oil, gas, and coal)
 represent a 15% significant contribution to global greenhouse gas
 emissions with substantial mitigation potential. We estimate global 2023
 methane emissions from energy sector point-sources using the high spatial
 resolution GHGSat satellite constellation. GHGSat detected 8.30 ± 0.24 Mt
 yr-1 of methane emissions from 3,114 emission sites. Detected O&G
 and coal emitting sites are found to be emitting 16% and 48% of the time,
 respectively, above GHGSat’s detection limit without 20 significant
 continental variations. Compared to the Global Fuel Exploitation Inventory
 (GFEIv3), GHGSat’s estimate comprises 12% of GFEIv3’s total emissions, or
 24% over GHGSat-observed locations, with good spatial correlation at the
 country scale but only weak spatial correlation at the 0.2 ° x 0.2 ° grid
 cell scale.
description: # Data from: Global energy sector methane emissions estimated by using
 facility-level satellite observations Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvkp](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvkp) ##
 Description of the data and file structure This dataset accompanies the
 research article "Globale Energy Sector Methane Emissions Estimated
 by using Facility-Level Satellite Observations" by Jervis et al.,
 2025, Science. This dataset was collected using the GHGSat satellite
 constellation. It comprises estimates of instantaneous
 (site_emissions_dataset.csv) and temporally-averaged (OG_Flux.nc and
 Coal_Flux_.nc) methane emissions from oil and gas and coal/mining sources
 globally (at locations latlon_array.nc) in 2023. The dataset also includes
 the number of site observations within each grid cell (Coverge.nc) ###
 Files and variables #### File: Coal_Flux_.nc
 **Description:** Temporally-averaged estimate of Coal methane emission
 flux and error at gridded locations provided by latlon_array.nc. Both mean
 and error estimates are expressed in units of Mg per year per square km.
 #### File: Coverage.nc **Description:** Number of site observations in
 2023 at locations provided by latlon_array.nc. #### File: latlon_array.nc
 **Description:** latitude and longitude grids (units of degrees) at which
 the methane flux is estimated. #### File: OG_Flux.nc
 **Description:** Temporally-averaged estimate of oil and gas methane
 emission flux and error at gridded locations provided by latlon_array.nc.
 Both mean and error estimates are expressed in units of Mg per year per
 square km. #### File: site_emissions_dataset.csv **Description:**  #####
 Variables * Site ID: Anonymized site identifier * Site emission rate
 [t/hr]: Estimate of the 2023 average site emission rate (unit of tonnes
 per hour) * Site emission rate error [t/hr] :Estimate of the 2023 average
 site emission rate error (unit of tonnes per hour) * Estimated
 persistence: Estimate of the fraction of observations that the site was
 emitting * Continent: Continent that site was located within * Sector:
 Sector that site belonged to * Time from first observation [days]: Time
 that observation took place, referenced to the time of first observation
 (units of days) * Plume emission rate [t/hr]: Instantaneous emission rate
 estimate (unit of tonnes per hour) * Plume emission rate error [t/hr]:
 Instantaneous emission rate error estimate (unit of tonnes per hour) *
 Wind speed [m/s]: Wind speed used to estimate instantaneous emission rate
 (unit of meters per second) ## Code/software Open source such as Python
 with standard packages (netCDF4, pandas, etc.) can be used to view data.
 ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: *
 None Data was derived from the following sources: * GHGSat satellite
 measurements