cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b8qx
title: Complexity character scores for fossil and extant vascular plant reproductive structures

description: Morphological diversity and complexity are notable features of
 multicellular life, although whether they evolve gradually or in early
 bursts is unclear. Vascular plant reproductive structures, such as
 flowers, are familiar examples of complicated morphology, and here we
 analyze changes in complexity over time using a simple approach based on
 the number of part types. We find that reproductive complexity increased
 in two pulses separated by nearly 250 million years of stasis, including
 an initial Devonian rise with the radiation of vascular plants and a
 dramatic Late Cretaceous increase reflecting flowering plant
 diversification. These pulses are associated with innovations that
 increased functional diversity, suggesting that shifts in complexity are
 linked to changes in function, regardless of whether they occur early or
 late in the history of vascular plants.
description: Morphological data was collected from published literature
 sources and direct observations of plant reproductive
 structures.
description: For details and usage, see README file.
DOI: 10.48689/6ea7b353-3f9c-4baf-a86a-3c3a845af877
title: Big Qualicum Hatchery - Horne Lake (1960 ongoing)

description: Includes Lake Level, Surface Temperature, and River Flow data
DOI: 10.48689/5af87e19-eae4-4d50-bd62-2223c512c5c1
title: Bridges (Abbotsford)

description: Point feature displaying bridges around the City of Abbotsford. Dataset includes information such as bridge length, width, location, and material.
DOI: 10.48689/ee745b86-d030-417e-822e-52198db1ce55
title: Building Footprints (West Vancouver)

description: The building layer was compiled by McElhanney Ltd in 2016 using ortho imagery and LiDAR data. District of West Vancouver maintains this data. Major developments have been added to the inventory but not all newer residential construction has been captured since 2016.
DOI: 10.48689/39a99aa8-5ef6-40ac-aa93-6f007754fca6
title: Sea lice (L. salmonis) counts at salmon farms (aquaculture)

description: From the source metadata record: Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s (DFO’s) conditions of licence for marine finfish aquaculture contain monitoring and intervention requirements to minimize the potential exposure of wild and farmed fish to sea lice. The Industry Sea Lice Abundance Counts report is updated monthly. It shows which Atlantic salmon farms were actively raising fish during the month and the results of industry's monthly sea lice monitoring. Spreadsheets simplified by the data centre team are available for download.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1fq
title: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm killing beyond the spacer by antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads: An in vitro study raw data

description: Introduction: Bacterial biofilms are an important virulence factor in
 chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and other orthopedic
 infection since they are highly tolerant to antibiotics and host immunity.
 Antibiotics are mixed into carriers such as bone cement and calcium
 sulfate bone void fillers to achieve sustained high concentrations of
 antibiotics required to more effectively manage biofilm infections through
 local release. The effect of antibiotic diffusion from antibiotic-loaded
 calcium sulfate beads (ALCS-B) in combination with PMMA bone cement
 spacers on the spread and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen41
 (PA-Xen41) biofilm was investigated using a “large agar plate” model
 scaled for clinical relevance. Methods: Bioluminescent PAXen41 biofilms
 grown on discs of various orthopaedic materials were placed within a large
 agar plate containing a PMMA full-size mock “spacer” unloaded or loaded
 with vancomycin and tobramycin, with or without ALCSB. The amount of
 biofilm spread and log reduction on discs at varying distances from the
 spacer was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and viable cell counts.
 Results: For the unloaded spacer control, PA-Xen41 spread from the biofilm
 to cover the entire plate. The loaded spacer generated a 3 cm zone of
 inhibition and significantly reduced biofilm bacteria on the discs
 immediately adjacent to the spacer but low or zero reductions on those
 further away. The combination of ALCS-B and a loaded PMMA spacer greatly
 reduced bacterial spread and resulted in significantly greater biofilm
 reductions on discs at all distances from the spacer. Discussion: The
 addition of ALCS-B to an antibiotic-loaded spacer mimic increased the area
 of antibiotic coverage and efficacy against biofilm, suggesting that a
 combination of these depots may provide greater physical antibiotic
 coverage and more effective dead space management, particularly in zones
 where the spread of antibiotic is limited by diffusion (zones with little
 or no fluid motion).
description: Bioluminescent PAXen41 biofilms grown on discs of various
 orthopaedic materials were placed within a large agar plate containing a
 PMMA full-size mock “spacer” unloaded or loaded with vancomycin and
 tobramycin, with or without ALCSB. The amount of biofilm spread and log
 reduction on discs at varying distances from the spacer was
 assessed<br> by bioluminescent imaging and viable cell
 counts.
DOI: 10.48689/904a8e86-7992-424a-9b68-40906852f4e9
title: FORAGE FISH MONITORING IN THE SALISH SEA

description: Numerous beach surveys have occurred and continue to occur in the Salish Sea (WA and BC), with the goal of documenting directly-observed indication of presence of sand lance and surf smelt spawning on beaches, and documenting the respective habitat. The Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) defines forage fish as generally planktivores, consuming copepods, mysids, and diverse larval forms of other organisms. Forage fish species spawn intertidally (surf smelt and sand lance), subtidally (herring and some sand lance) and pelagically (anchovy). Much of the data gathering is performed by trained volunteers both in British Columbia and in Washington State. In fact, most of the procedures and data templates originate from the well-established WDFW Marine Beach Spawning program (https://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/management/marine-beach-spawning). A very large number of Citizen Scientist organiztions participate in the data sampling and analysis. A few of the larger organizations are linked below. Two types of beach surveys occur: those identifying beach sediment suitable for forage fish (Pacific sand lance and/or surf smelt) spawning, and surveys for observed spawning evidence in the sediments. Winter survey data is normally updated in May, and summer survey data updated in November.
DOI: 10.48689/99b51ecc-06b4-417f-a34a-a1848da27d3b
title: Pacific Sand Lance and Surf Smelt Survey Data for Pender Harbour & Thormanby Island: 2017 - present

description: As part of the Coastal Waters Monitoring Program, surveyors from the Loon Foundation (formerly the Ruby Lake Lagoon Society and aka Pender Harbour Ocean Discovery Station - PODS) perform consistent sampling every 2-3 weeks at local beaches within the Pender Harbour and Thormanby Island regions. In a collaborate effort with many groups along the Salish Sea, surveyors sample beaches for Pacific sand lance and Surf smelt eggs using protocols and training provided by Sea Watch Society and Washington State Fish and Wildlife Department. Methodologies have been standardized with support from the World Wildlife Fund Canada and Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region Research Institute. Through their efforts, PODS has identified Pacific sand lance spawning beaches at Baker Beach, Martin Cove, Smelly Goat Beach within the Pender Harbour area and Pacific sand lance spawning beaches at Vaucroft, Oaks Point and Southeast Thormanby Island. To date, no Surf smelt spawning beaches have been identified within our study area.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tb74
title: Data from: Global trends of cropland phosphorus use and sustainability challenges

description: To meet the growing food demand while addressing the multiple challenges
 of exacerbating phosphorus (P) pollution and depleting P rock reserves, P
 use efficiency (PUE, the ratio of productive P output to P input in a
 defined system) in crop production needs to be improved. Although many
 efforts have been devoted to improving nutrient management practices on
 farms, few studies have examined the historical trajectories of PUE and
 their socioeconomic and agronomic drivers on a national scale. Here we
 present a database of the P budget (the input and output of the crop
 production system) and PUE by country and by crop type for 1961–2019 and
 examine the substantial contribution of several drivers for PUE, such as
 economic development stages and crop portfolios. To address the P
 management challenges, we found that global PUE in crop production must
 increase to 68–81%, and recent trends indicate some meaningful progress
 towards this goal. However, P management challenges and opportunities in
 croplands vary widely among countries.
DOI: 10.48689/bb499c42-0ab2-4933-9b0e-740e2044b509
title: Predicted Forage Fish Spawning Habitat in the Gulf Islands Using ShoreZone Data, 2017

description: Forage fish are those species that are prey for larger fish, birds and marine mammals, including many commercially important species. They support important marine food webs and are therefore important species for management and conservation. Two species of forage fish, Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) and Surf Smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus), are found in British Columbia waters and use intertidal beaches for spawning. This use of the intertidal makes these populations more vulnerable as they are more likely to come into conflict with anthropogenic uses of that zone. This makes it important that suitable spawning beaches are identified so they can be properly managed. The purpose of this project was to build on previous exercises comparing ShoreZone data to known forage fish spawning beaches to determine which ShoreZone attributes are associated with those beaches. The intent was to build a model that can successfully predict suitable forage fish spawning beaches for management and planning purposes where ground survey data does not currently exist and to help direct future ground-based research. This project took the results from those previous studies and applied the suggested model to five of the southern Gulf Islands in British Columbia where both ShoreZone mapping and ground survey data exist. The results of that model were then compared to the existing ground surveys in the Gulf Islands and the resulting data was used to refine the model.
DOI: 10.48689/6270ea95-eabb-45a3-bab7-471c9d969e8e
title: Spawning Locations (Lines) for Pacific Salmon in BC

description: Known spawning locations for pacific salmon in British Columbia.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dz08kprx1
title: Zapus eDNA detection data

description: The New Mexico meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius luteus) is a riparian
 obligate species native to the southwestern United States. The
 species was listed endangered in 2014 due to habitat loss by over-grazing,
 wildfire, and recreation. Jumping mice move through streamside, herbaceous
 vegetation, and may leave behind cells suitable for environmental DNA
 (eDNA) analysis. Use of eDNA to detect the presence of the animal from
 vegetation can complement current survey approaches (live capturing, track
 plating, camera trapping) while reducing field labor and the risk of harm
 to the animal. We developed a highly sensitive, species-specific assay
 that used quantitative real-time PCR. Through dilution tests, we
 determined that only 3 copies of target DNA within a sample were necessary
 for positive detection at 95% confidence. In our first
 experiment, we assessed the specificity for our
 assays through rigorous laboratory tests involving
 closely related species ("Specificity test short assay"
 & "Specificity test long assay"). To investigate
 long-term persistence of eDNA on plant material ("Nest
 detections"), we tested our assay on 4 nests that were sampled 3 to 6
 months after a radio telemetry study identified them as day-use sites. We
 then conducted a field survey to detect presence of New Mexico meadow
 jumping mice using sterile cotton swabs to sample plants at 6 locations
 along two occupied streams ("Field trial
 detections"). We collected 60 swabs along transects. We
 opportunistically swabbed plants (n = 9) following visual observation of
 jumping mice on plants. We detected eDNA in 3 of 4 nests. From transects,
 we detected 1 jumping mouse from a location where the animal was not
 previously observed. We also detected jumping mice from 3 of 9 observation
 informed (opportunistic) samples. We demonstrated that eDNA can persist on
 nests that the animal contacted long after abandonment. eDNA detection
 rate increased when informed by visual observation, and improvements to
 sampling strategies may further increase detection rate. Our results
 highlight the promise of using eDNA from terrestrial plants to detect
 presence of riparian specialists.
description: The dataset was collected, processed, and analyzed through
 Northern Arizona University's Bat Ecology and Genetics Lab. Methods
 for sample collection and data analysis are described in the
 text.  
description: The ReadMe tab provides explanations for the variables found in
 the dataset. This dataset is intended to provide evidence of the efficacy
 of our study across various laboratory validation tests and field trials.
 Discussion of data interpretation can be found in the text.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fjgn4m
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 160 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Dicraeopetalum mahafaliense",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 160 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002837-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48689/a947174e-efe4-44ef-a73c-cdfd658da15a
title: Vessel Sewage Pumpout Stations

description: Sewage from boats harms the environment, particularly in busy or poorly flushed anchorages, and sensitive areas such as shellfish beds. In Canada, it is illegal to dump sewage from boats within three nautical miles of shore (unless pump-outs are not available, and you cannot get three miles off shore). Boaters should use available pump-out services as shown in this dataset – otherwise, ensure they are in open waters, or as far off shore as possible in the fastest flowing ebbing waters, before emptying their holding tank.
DOI: 10.48689/eafe951e-b0fb-437c-9e5e-a1fee6dd81ea
title: Forage fish habitat monitoring data in the Capital Regional District by PSS, 2018+

description: Forage fish spawning habitat monitoring has occurred in the Capital Regional District (CRD) along the southeastern coast of Vancouver Island. The district has a varying number of beaches sampled based on beach characteristics, including sediment composition, beach exposure, and general site characteristics. Other information collected from each beach includes who was sampling, when it was sampled, and organization that funded the sampling. A representative sediment sample was analyzed to determine if there are eggs present.
DOI: 10.48689/4241808f-61b5-44e1-8b70-c88156478771
title: Marine beach spawning fish ecology in Washington State

description: This research includes conducting surveys of forage fish habitat to determine where and when these fish spawn. These surveys are carried out year round on beaches throughout Washington's shoreline. These surveys consist of the documenting beach conditions and collecting a bag of about 2 liters of sediment to examine in the lab for the presence of fish eggs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgqsd
title: Calibrating phylogenies assuming bifurcation or budding alters inferred macroevolutionary dynamics in a densely sampled phylogeny of bivalve families

description: Analyses of evolutionary dynamics can be profoundly affected by age
 calibrations of phylogenetic nodes under different models of lineage
 branching. Most time-calibrated molecular phylogenies of extant taxa
 assume a purely bifurcating model, where nodes are calibrated using the
 daughter lineage with the older first occurrence in the fossil record.
 Lineages can also split via budding, in which a parent lineage persists
 following the origin of a daughter lineage, and nodes are calibrated using
 the age of the lineage with the younger first occurrence. Here, we use the
 extensive fossil record of bivalve molluscs for a large-scale empirical
 test of how the choice of branching model affects macroevolutionary
 analyses. We time-calibrated 91% of nodes in a phylogeny of 97 extant
 bivalve families using 86 calibration points ranging in age from 2.59 to
 485 Ma. Allowing budding-based calibrations minimizes conflict between the
 tree topology and timing of evolutionary events in the fossil record,
 reducing the summed duration of inferred “ghost lineages,” from 6.76
 billion yrs (Gyr; bifurcating model) to 1.00 Gyr (budding model). Adding
 31 extinct paraphyletic families – many major groups contain such extinct
 taxa – shifts deep splits further back in time and raises ghost-lineage
 totals to 7.86 Gyr (bifurcating) and 1.92 Gyr (budding), but more
 accurately reflects the time since separation of lineages.
 Lineage-through-time plots from phylogenetic data scaled under a
 bifurcating model of evolution push more inferred bivalve diversification
 into the Paleozoic, conflicting with other palaeontological evidence on
 the magnitude of the end-Paleozoic extinction and subsequent recovery, and
 strongly reduce the magnitude of the Cenozoic diversification of the
 group. Consideration of the hypothesized branching model within a given
 clade is essential when node-calibrating phylogenies, and for a major
 clade with a robust fossil record, an evolutionary model that allows
 budding and does not force bifurcations is the most appropriate one, and
 likely common for many other clades as well.
DOI: 10.48689/84c11532-2100-41ef-b125-80b930a08439
title: Identifying PSL and SS forage fish habitats in the Comox Valley by Project Watershed, 2019+

description: Since November 2019, the Comox Valley Project Watershed (CVPWS) has carried out sampling to identify spawning habitats of Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes personatus) and Surf Smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus). This parent folder includes the sampling results spreadsheet and metadata (site name, codes, etc.), GIS Predictive Model, QEP Sampling Datasheet template, Local and Traditional Ecological Knowledge Questionnaire, and online ArcGIS distribution of sampling sites of the monitoring network including the CVPWS, Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region Institute - MABRRI, Peninsula Streams Society and Pender Harbour Ocean Discovery Station – PODS.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fp7
title: Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion

description: Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other
 phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. Here, we
 investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic
 population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the
 common bluetail damselfly Ischnura elegans in northern Europe. We
 sampled 65 sites along a 583 km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in
 Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance,
 sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a
 measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
 data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated
 sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic
 connectivity and migration patterns. We found evidence for sex differences
 associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (1)
 increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on
 female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range
 limit, (2) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing
 geographic distance than in females, (3) male-biased genetic migration
 propensity, and (4) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing
 migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in
 males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were
 associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex
 ratios became increasingly male-biased towards the range limit, and there
 was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring
 larger males in the south, to favouring smaller males in the north. Our
 findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range
 limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance
 associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients
 in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size, and (reduced) sexual
 size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection
 dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study
 illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of
 range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.
description: Data are RADseq data as in Dudaniec et al (2018) Mol Ecol,
 filtered as described in this paper
DOI: 10.48689/18d12dfd-7415-4f7c-8160-8e315fa9772b
title: Salish Sea Bioregion Boundary

description: Boundary for the Salish Sea Bioregion based on watersheds that drain into the Salish Sea. Created for the Salish Sea Atlas (https://wp.wwu.edu/salishseaatlas/). The boundary of the Salish Sea Bioregion follows the outline of watersheds that drain into the sea. Throughout most of the region, the boundary exactly follows the borders of HUC-8 level US watersheds and sub-sub-drainage basin level Canadian watersheds that directly or indirectly drain into the Salish Sea. Watersheds in the Fraser River’s upper drainage area were excluded. The watersheds at the northeastern and northwestern corners of the boundary were clipped along sub-basin boundaries to remove portions of the larger watersheds that drain into Johnstone Strait or Bute Inlet rather than the Salish Sea. The Salish Sea is defined based on legal definitions used in Washington and British Columbia as consisting of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, Georgia Strait, and their associated bays, channels, and inlets. Definitions of the northern border vary slightly among sources. We used a generous interpretation and included all the channels and inlets south of Johnstone Strait and Bute Inlet that connect to the Strait of Georgia. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system.
DOI: 10.48689/b27db118-5aeb-42c1-9959-a3d18a67d8fa
title: Salish Sea and Fraser River Watersheds

description: Watersheds of the Salish Sea Bioregion and Fraser River drainage basin. Created for the Salish Sea Atlas (https://wp.wwu.edu/salishseaatlas/). HUC-8 level US watersheds and sub-sub-drainage basin level Canadian watersheds that directly or indirectly drain into the Salish Sea, including all upper Fraser River drainage basin watersheds. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.79cnp5hv5
title: Supplemental Data for Cerebral Oxygen Metabolic Stress, Microstructural Injury, and Infarction in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease

description: Supplemental data to manuscript