DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7241387
title: Standard density of water at different temperatures

description: <strong>Standard density of water at different temperatures</strong> Junjie Chen Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com Density is the substance's mass per unit of volume. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume. For a pure substance the density has the same numerical value as its mass concentration. Different materials usually have different densities, and density may be relevant to buoyancy, purity and packaging. Osmium and iridium are the densest known elements at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. To simplify comparisons of density across different systems of units, it is sometimes replaced by the dimensionless quantity "relative density" or "specific gravity", namely the ratio of the density of the material to that of a standard material, usually water. Thus, a relative density less than one relative to water means that the substance floats in water. The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance decreases its density by increasing its volume. In most materials, heating the bottom of a fluid results in convection of the heat from the bottom to the top, due to the decrease in the density of the heated fluid, which causes it to rise relative to denser unheated material. The reciprocal of the density of a substance is occasionally called its specific volume, a term sometimes used in thermodynamics. Density is an intensive property in that increasing the amount of a substance does not increase its density; rather it increases its mass. Temperature (degrees Celsius), Density (grams per cubic centimeter) 0.1 0.9998495 0.2 0.9998560 0.3 0.9998624 0.4 0.9998685 0.5 0.9998745 0.6 0.9998803 0.7 0.9998859 0.8 0.9998913 0.9 0.9998966 1.0 0.9999017 1.1 0.9999066 1.2 0.9999113 1.3 0.9999158 1.4 0.9999202 1.5 0.9999244 1.6 0.9999285 1.7 0.9999323 1.8 0.9999360 1.9 0.9999396 2.0 0.9999429 2.1 0.9999461 2.2 0.9999491 2.3 0.9999519 2.4 0.9999546 2.5 0.9999571 2.6 0.9999595 2.7 0.9999616 2.8 0.9999636 2.9 0.9999655 3.0 0.9999672 3.1 0.9999687 3.2 0.9999700 3.3 0.9999712 3.4 0.9999722 3.5 0.9999731 3.6 0.9999738 3.7 0.9999743 3.8 0.9999747 3.9 0.9999749 4.0 0.9999749 4.1 0.9999748 4.2 0.9999746 4.3 0.9999742 4.4 0.9999736 4.5 0.9999728 4.6 0.9999719 4.7 0.9999709 4.8 0.9999697 4.9 0.9999683 5.0 0.9999668 5.1 0.9999651 5.2 0.9999633 5.3 0.9999613 5.4 0.9999592 5.5 0.9999569 5.6 0.9999544 5.7 0.9999518 5.8 0.9999491 5.9 0.9999462 6.0 0.9999431 6.1 0.9999400 6.2 0.9999366 6.3 0.9999331 6.4 0.9999295 6.5 0.9999257 6.6 0.9999217 6.7 0.9999176 6.8 0.9999134 6.9 0.9999090 7.0 0.9999045 7.1 0.9998998 7.2 0.9998950 7.3 0.9998900 7.4 0.9998849 7.5 0.9998797 7.6 0.9998743 7.7 0.9998687 7.8 0.9998631 7.9 0.9998572 8.0 0.9998513 8.1 0.9998452 8.2 0.9998389 8.3 0.9998325 8.4 0.9998260 8.5 0.9998193 8.6 0.9998125 8.7 0.9998056 8.8 0.9997985 8.9 0.9997912 9.0 0.9997839 9.1 0.9997764 9.2 0.9997687 9.3 0.9997610 9.4 0.9997530 9.5 0.9997450 9.6 0.9997368 9.7 0.9997285 9.8 0.9997200 9.9 0.9997114 10.0 0.9997027 10.1 0.9996938 10.2 0.9996848 10.3 0.9996757 10.4 0.9996665 10.5 0.9996571 10.6 0.9996475 10.7 0.9996379 10.8 0.9996281 10.9 0.9996182 11.0 0.9996081 11.1 0.9995979 11.2 0.9995876 11.3 0.9995772 11.4 0.9995666 11.5 0.9995559 11.6 0.9995451 11.7 0.9995341 11.8 0.9995230 11.9 0.9995118 12.0 0.9995005 12.1 0.9994890 12.2 0.9994774 12.3 0.9994657 12.4 0.9994539 12.5 0.9994419 12.6 0.9994298 12.7 0.9994176 12.8 0.9994052 12.9 0.9993927 13.0 0.9993801 13.1 0.9993674 13.2 0.9993546 13.3 0.9993416 13.4 0.9993285 13.5 0.9993153 13.6 0.9993020 13.7 0.9992885 13.8 0.9992749 13.9 0.9992612 14.0 0.9992474 14.1 0.9992335 14.2 0.9992194 14.3 0.9992052 14.4 0.9991909 14.5 0.9991765 14.6 0.9991619 14.7 0.9991473 14.8 0.9991325 14.9 0.9991176 15.0 0.9991026 15.1 0.9990874 15.2 0.9990722 15.3 0.9990568 15.4 0.9990413 15.5 0.9990257 15.6 0.9990100 15.7 0.9989942 15.8 0.9989782 15.9 0.9989621 16.0 0.9989459 16.1 0.9989296 16.2 0.9989132 16.3 0.9988967 16.4 0.9988800 16.5 0.9988633 16.6 0.9988464 16.7 0.9988294 16.8 0.9988123 16.9 0.9987951 17.0 0.9987778 17.1 0.9987603 17.2 0.9987428 17.3 0.9987251 17.4 0.9987073 17.5 0.9986895 17.6 0.9986715 17.7 0.9986534 17.8 0.9986351 17.9 0.9986168 18.0 0.9985984 18.1 0.9985798 18.2 0.9985611 18.3 0.9985424 18.4 0.9985235 18.5 0.9985045 18.6 0.9984854 18.7 0.9984662 18.8 0.9984469 18.9 0.9984275 19.0 0.9984079 19.1 0.9983883 19.2 0.9983686 19.3 0.9983487 19.4 0.9983287 19.5 0.9983087 19.6 0.9982885 19.7 0.9982682 19.8 0.9982478 19.9 0.9982273 20.0 0.9982067 20.1 0.9981860 20.2 0.9981652 20.3 0.9981443 20.4 0.9981233 20.5 0.9981022 20.6 0.9980810 20.7 0.9980596 20.8 0.9980382 20.9 0.9980167 21.0 0.9979950 21.1 0.9979733 21.2 0.9979514 21.3 0.9979295 21.4 0.9979074 21.5 0.9978853 21.6 0.9978630 21.7 0.9978407 21.8 0.9978182 21.9 0.9977956 22.0 0.9977730 22.1 0.9977502 22.2 0.9977273 22.3 0.9977044 22.4 0.9976813 22.5 0.9976582 22.6 0.9976349 22.7 0.9976115 22.8 0.9975881 22.9 0.9975645 23.0 0.9975408 23.1 0.9975171 23.2 0.9974932 23.3 0.9974692 23.4 0.9974452 23.5 0.9974210 23.6 0.9973968 23.7 0.9973724 23.8 0.9973480 23.9 0.9973234 24.0 0.9972988 24.1 0.9972740 24.2 0.9972492 24.3 0.9972243 24.4 0.9971992 24.5 0.9971741 24.6 0.9971489 24.7 0.9971236 24.8 0.9970981 24.9 0.9970726 25.0 0.9970470 25.1 0.9970213 25.2 0.9969955 25.3 0.9969696 25.4 0.9969436 25.5 0.9969176 25.6 0.9968914 25.7 0.9968651 25.8 0.9968387 25.9 0.9968123 26.0 0.9967857 26.1 0.9967591 26.2 0.9967324 26.3 0.9967055 26.4 0.9966786 26.5 0.9966516 26.6 0.9966245 26.7 0.9965973 26.8 0.9965700 26.9 0.9965426 27.0 0.9965151 27.1 0.9964875 27.2 0.9964599 27.3 0.9964321 27.4 0.9964043 27.5 0.9963763 27.6 0.9963483 27.7 0.9963202 27.8 0.9962920 27.9 0.9962637 28.0 0.9962353 28.1 0.9962068 28.2 0.9961783 28.3 0.9961496 28.4 0.9961208 28.5 0.9960920 28.6 0.9960631 28.7 0.9960341 28.8 0.9960050 28.9 0.9959758 29.0 0.9959465 29.1 0.9959171 29.2 0.9958876 29.3 0.9958581 29.4 0.9958285 29.5 0.9957987 29.6 0.9957689 29.7 0.9957390 29.8 0.9957090 29.9 0.9956790 30.0 0.9956488 30.1 0.9956185 30.2 0.9955882 30.3 0.9955578 30.4 0.9955273 30.5 0.9954967 30.6 0.9954660 30.7 0.9954352 30.8 0.9954044 30.9 0.9953734 31.0 0.9953424 31.1 0.9953113 31.2 0.9952801 31.3 0.9952488 31.4 0.9952175 31.5 0.9951860 31.6 0.9951545 31.7 0.9951228 31.8 0.9950911 31.9 0.9950593 32.0 0.9950275 32.1 0.9949955 32.2 0.9949635 32.3 0.9949313 32.4 0.9948991 32.5 0.9948668 32.6 0.9948344 32.7 0.9948020 32.8 0.9947694 32.9 0.9947368 33.0 0.9947041 33.1 0.9946713 33.2 0.9946384 33.3 0.9946055 33.4 0.9945724 33.5 0.9945393 33.6 0.9945061 33.7 0.9944728 33.8 0.9944394 33.9 0.9944060 34.0&nb
description: Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China