DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14772849
title: Hailfinder

description: This synthetic datset is set about severe summer hail in northeastern Colorado. It was introduced in Abramson et al. (1996).

 

Task: The dataset can be used to study causal discovery algorithms.

 

Summary: 



Size of dataset: 20,000 x 56

Task: Causal Discovery Problem

Data Type: Categorical Data

Dataset Scope: Standalone Dataset

Ground Truth: Known Graph

Temporal Structure: Static Data

License: CC0 (generated for bnlearn)

Missing Values: No Missing Values


 

Missingness Statement: There are no missing values.

 

Features:



N07muVerMo: 10.7mu vertical motion (StrongUp, WeakUp, Neutral, and Down)

SubjVertMo: subjective judgment of vertical motion (StrongUp, WeakUp, Neutral, and Down)

QGVertMotion: quasigeostrophic vertical motion (StrongUp, WeakUp, Neutral, and Down)

CombVerMo: combined vertical motion (StrongUp, WeakUp, Neutral, and Down)

AreaMesoALS: area of meso-alpha (StrongUp, WeakUp, Neutral, and Down)

SatContMoist: satellite contribution to moisture (VeryWet, Wet, Neutral, and Dry)

RaoContMoist: reading at the forecast center for moisture (VeryWet, Wet, Neutral, and Dry)

CombMoisture: combined moisture (VeryWet, Wet, Neutral, and Dry)

AreaMoDryAir: area of moisture and dry air (VeryWet, Wet, Neutral, and Dry)

VISCloudCov: visible cloud cover (Cloudy, PC, and Clear)

RCloudCover: infrared cloud cover (Cloudy, PC, and Clear)

CombClouds: combined cloud cover (Cloudy, PC, and Clear)

CldShadeOth: cloud shading, other (Cloudy, PC, and Clear)

AMInstabMt: AM instability in the mountains (None, Weak, and Strong)

InsInMt: instability in the mountains (None, Weak, and Strong)

WndHodograph: wind hodograph (DCVZFavor, StrongWest, Westerly, and Other)

OutflowFrMt: outflow from mountains (None, Weak, and Strong)

MorningBound: morning boundaries (None, Weak, and Strong)

Boundaries: boundaries (None, Weak, and Strong)

CldShadeConv: cloud shading, convection (None, Some, and Marked)

CompPlFcst: composite plains forecast (IncCapDecIns, LittleChange, and DecCapIncIns)

CapChange: capping change (Decreasing, LittleChange, and Increasing)

LoLevMoistAd: low-level moisture advection (StrongPos, WeakPos, Neutral, and Negative)

InsChange: instability change (Decreasing, LittleChange, and Increasing)

MountainFcst: mountains (region 1) forecast (XNIL, SIG, and SVR)

Date: date (May15_Jun14, Jun15_Jul1, Jul2_Jul15, Jul16_Aug10, Aug11_Aug20, and Aug20_Sep15)

Scenario: scenario (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K)

ScenRelAMCIN: scenario relevant to AM convective inhibition (AB and CThruK)

MorningCIN: morning convective inhibition (None, PartInhibit, Stifling, and TotalInhibit)

AMCINInScen: AM convective inhibition in scenario (LessThanAve, Average, and MoreThanAve)

CapInScen: capping within scenario (LessThanAve, Average, and MoreThanAve)

ScenRelAMIns: scenario relevant to AM instability (ABI, CDEJ, F, G, H, and K)

LIfr12ZDENSd: LI from 12Z DEN sounding (LIGt0, N1GtLIGt_4, N5GtLIGt_8, and LILt_8)

AMDewptCalPl: AM dewpoint calculations, plains (Instability, Neutral, and Stability)

AMInsWliScen: AM instability within scenario (LessUnstable, Average, and MoreUnstable)

InsSclInScen: instability scaling within scenario (LessUnstable, Average, and MoreUnstable)

ScenRel34: scenario relevant to regions 2/3/4 (ACEFK, B, D, GJ, and HI)

LatestCIN: latest convective inhibition (None, PartInhibit, Stifling, and TotalInhibit)

LLIW: LLIW severe weather index (Unfavorable, Weak, Moderate, and Strong)

CurPropConv: current propensity to convection (None, Slight, Moderate, and Strong)

ScnRelPlFcst: scenario relevant to plains forecast (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K)

PlainsFcst: plains forecast (XNIL, SIG, and SVR)

N34StarFcst: regions 2/3/4 forecast (XNIL, SIG, and SVR)

R5Fcst: region 5 forecast (XNIL, SIG, and SVR)

Dewpoints: dewpoints (LowEverywhere, LowAtStation, LowSHighN, LowNHighS, LowMtsHighPl, HighEverywhere, and Other)

LowLLapse: low-level lapse rate (CloseToDryAd, Steep, ModerateOrLe, and Stable)

MeanRH: mean relative humidity (VeryMoist, Average, and Dry)

MidLLapse: mid-level lapse rate (CloseToDryAd, Steep, and ModerateOrLe)

MvmtFeatures: movement of features (StrongFront, MarkedUpper, OtherRapid, and NoMajor)

RHRatio: relative humidity ratio (MoistMDryL, DryMMoistL, and Other)

SfcWndShfDis: surface wind shifts and discontinuities (DenvCyclone, E_W_N, E_W_S, MovigFtorOt, DryLine, None, and Other)

SynForcng: synoptic forcing (SigNegative, NegToPos, SigPositive, PosToNeg, and LittleChange)

TempDis: temperature discontinuities (QStationary, Moving, None, and Other)

WindAloft: wind aloft (LV, SWQuad, NWQuad, and AllElse)

WindFieldMt: wind fields, mountains (Westerly and LVorOther)

WindFieldPln: wind fields, plains (LV, DenvCyclone, LongAnticyc, E_NE, SEquad, and WidespdDnsl)


 

Files:



hailfinder.csv: dataset

hailfinder.bif: Bayesian Network from (Scutari (2010), License CC BY-SA 3.0). The network was used for data generation in Abramson et al. (1996) and was designed on meteorological data and expert judgment, based on both experience and physical understanding.