cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nn9410n
title: Data from: Adding ecological and evolutionary processes to restoration biodiversity offset models using neutral theory

description: Aim: Biodiversity offsets are being implemented or planned across all
 continents and biogeographical realms. Due to their popularity, new offset
 projects have developed faster than empirical evidence of their ecological
 effectiveness, so policy has been informed by quantitative models.
 However, these models have yet to incorporate ecological and evolutionary
 processes, which vary globally. Here we use the unified neutral theory of
 biodiversity to integrate speciation and dispersal into models of
 restoration biodiversity offsets. Location: A simulated one-dimensional
 circular landscape. Methods: We designed a simulation framework based on
 neutral theory that allowed us to compare restoration biodiversity offsets
 under various scenarios of speciation, dispersal and offset
 implementation: no offsets, passive restoration and translocation. This
 approach allowed us to evaluate time-series of multiple metrics of
 biodiversity (richness, evenness and community similarity) at different
 spatial scales (patch and landscape), which were then compared using
 model-based recursive partitioning. Results: The choice of offset
 implementation was the main determinant of successful offset outcomes;
 translocation consistently had the best outcomes. Passive restoration only
 improved offset outcomes for systems with high speciation rates.
 Speciation and dispersal mainly played a secondary role in offset
 outcomes, with dispersal only affecting offset outcomes at landscape
 scales. Outcomes also varied across different metrics of biodiversity,
 with species richness and evenness showing opposing trajectories for some
 scenarios. Main conclusions: Although ecological and evolutionary
 processes affect biodiversity offset outcomes, the type of offset
 implementation remains the most important determinant of offset success.
 This emphasises the development – and effective implementation – of robust
 offset policies and guidelines that include active translocation and
 demand more than just passive restoration.
description: R-scripts for all
 Neutral simulationsThe following repository
 contains R code for a ecological simulation of biodiversity offsets using
 neutral theory. Please note that this code only contains the backbone
 algorithms for the neutral simulation, and has been shortened for
 illustrative purposes (i.e. the time series is shorter, there are fewer
 iterations, and the code only simulates the outputs for one combination of
 parameters). Running this code will take approximately 3-5 minutes of
 computation time depending on your machine. There is a reporter that
 counts the number of iterations (Note: this counter does not report the
 duration of the time-series). The complete simulation as presented in the
 manuscript took several hours and was run on several cloud-based RStudio
 servers using Amazon Web Services.Neutral_simulations.r
DOI: 10.17632/3cwjn6y8x9
title: Textured Insole Intervention In Postural Stability

description: Objective of the study: We investigated the effects of stimulation using textured insoles applied to the forefoot or rearfoot on center of pressure (COP) and plantar pressure during quiet standing in older adults.

Intervention conditions: The study included 43 older adults. The dataset included COP and plantar pressure measured under four conditions(Smooth insole group: Control group, Forefoot inserted textured insole group: Forefoot textured insole group, Rearfoot inserted textured insole group: Rearfoot textured insole group, Entire plantar inserted textured insole group: Textured insole group).

Equipments and parameters: COP measurements were conducted using a force platform (Zebris WIN FDM System, Inter Reha, Japan). Plantar pressure was measured using the pressure measurement system (Novel Pedar-X system, Novel GmbH, Germany). The measured COP parameters included ellipse area, Anterior-Posterior (AP) maximum range, AP mean velocity, and AP COP position. Plantar pressure during quiet standing was divided into seven regions: hallux, toes, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefoot, midfoot, and heel. The pressure in each region was expressed as a percentage of the total plantar pressure summed across all seven regions.

Procedure: The pressure measurement system was fixed on top of the force platform, and the test insoles were placed over it, enabling simultaneous COP and plantar pressure recordings. Participants stood barefoot under an eyes-closed condition.
DOI: 10.17632/3cwjn6y8x9.4
title: Textured Insole Intervention In Postural Stability

description: Objective of the study: We investigated the effects of stimulation using textured insoles applied to the forefoot or rearfoot on center of pressure (COP) and plantar pressure during quiet standing in older adults.

Intervention conditions: The study included 43 older adults. The dataset included COP and plantar pressure measured under four conditions(Smooth insole group: Control group, Forefoot inserted textured insole group: Forefoot textured insole group, Rearfoot inserted textured insole group: Rearfoot textured insole group, Entire plantar inserted textured insole group: Textured insole group).

Equipments and parameters: COP measurements were conducted using a force platform (Zebris WIN FDM System, Inter Reha, Japan). Plantar pressure was measured using the pressure measurement system (Novel Pedar-X system, Novel GmbH, Germany). The measured COP parameters included ellipse area, Anterior-Posterior (AP) maximum range, AP mean velocity, and AP COP position. Plantar pressure during quiet standing was divided into seven regions: hallux, toes, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefoot, midfoot, and heel. The pressure in each region was expressed as a percentage of the total plantar pressure summed across all seven regions.

Procedure: The pressure measurement system was fixed on top of the force platform, and the test insoles were placed over it, enabling simultaneous COP and plantar pressure recordings. Participants stood barefoot under an eyes-closed condition.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cb2f70h
title: Data from: Behaviour out of control: experimental evolution of resistance to host manipulation

description: Many parasites alter their host’s phenotype in a manner that enhances
 their own fitness beyond the benefits they would gain from normal
 exploitation. Such host manipulation is rarely consistent with the host’s
 best interests resulting in suboptimal and often fatal behaviour from the
 host’s perspective. In this case, hosts should evolve resistance to host
 manipulation. The cestode Schistocephalus solidus manipulates the
 behaviour of its first intermediate copepod host to reduce its predation
 susceptibility and avoid fatal premature predation before the parasite is
 ready for transmission to its subsequent host. Thereafter, S. solidus
 increases host activity to facilitate transmission. If successful, this
 host manipulation is necessarily fatal for the host. I selected the
 copepod Macrocyclops albidus, a first intermediate host of S. solidus, for
 resistance or susceptibility to host manipulation to investigate their
 evolvability. Selection on the host indeed increased host manipulation in
 susceptible and reduced host manipulation in resistant selection lines.
 Interestingly, this seemed to be at least partly due to changes in the
 baseline levels of the modified trait (activity) rather than actual
 changes in resistance or susceptibility to host manipulation. Hence, hosts
 seem restricted in how rapidly and efficiently they can evolve resistance
 to host manipulation.
description: Data on copepods
 selected for resistance to host manipulationThis file contains data
 on each copepod used in this study and its behaviour (final_data) as well
 as raw data on the behaviour of each copepod on each day when it was
 meassured (behaviour_data_per_day). It additionally containes a
 describtion of the variable names used in this
 dataframes.Data_selection_resistance_HM.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jj3ft18
title: Data from: The local impact of macrofauna and land-use intensity on soil nutrient concentration and exchangeability in lowland tropical Peru

description: Agricultural expansion is a major driver of deforestation which has
 negative consequences for biodiversity and stability. While sustainable
 farming is known to be beneficial for biodiversity and crop resilience,
 little is known about the impact of macrofauna and land-use intensity on
 soil quality. In this study, we examine the relative effects of (1) soil
 macrofauna and (2) land-use (primary forest, agroforestry, annual crop) on
 element depletion rates, concentration, and exchangeability in
 standardised soil. We used microcosms with two different mesh sizes,
 0.25mm and 5mm, to exclude and include macrofauna, respectively. The
 microcosms were incubated for up to a year throughout which samples were
 collected without replacement. Macrofauna did not have a significant
 impact on any of the soil parameters which is likely due to the low
 diversity of termites in the sites. Land-use intensity significantly
 affected cation depletion rates whose effects increased in order of
 primary forest
description: Termite_transect_data_2015Encounter data of termites in three transects using a standardised sampling method based on Jones and Eggleton (2000).soil_variablesSoil variables including cations and exchangeability from soil microcosms incubated over a period of 48 weeks.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5r01k2k
title: Data from: Kinetics of calcite precipitation by ureolytic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

description: The kinetics of urea hydrolysis (ureolysis) and induced calcium carbonate
 (CaCO3) precipitation for engineering use in the subsurface was
 investigated under aerobic conditions using Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC
 strain 11859) as well as Bacillus sphaericus strains 21776 and 21787. All
 bacterial strains showed ureolytic activity inducing CaCO3 precipitation
 aerobically. Rate constants not normalized to biomass demonstrated
 slightly higher rate coefficients for both ureolysis (kurea) and CaCO3
 precipitation (kprecip) for B. sphaericus 21776 (kurea = 0.10 ± 0.03 h-1,
 kprecip = 0.60 ± 0.34 h-1) compared to S. pasteurii (kurea = 0.07 ± 0.02
 h-1, kprecip = 0.25 ± 0.02 h-1) though these differences were not
 statistically significantly different. B. sphaericus 21787 showed little
 ureolytic activity but was still capable of inducing some CaCO3
 precipitation. Cell growth appeared to be inhibited during the period of
 CaCO3 precipitation. TEM images suggest this is due to the encasement of
 cells and was reflected in lower kurea values observed in the presence of
 dissolved Ca. However, biomass re-growth could be observed after CaCO3
 precipitation ceased, which suggests that ureolysis-induced CaCO3
 precipitation is not necessarily lethal for the entire population. The
 kinetics of ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation with S. pasteurii were
 further analyzed under anaerobic conditions. Rate coefficients obtained in
 anaerobic environments were comparable to those under aerobic conditions,
 however no cell growth was observed under anaerobic conditions with NO3-,
 SO42- and Fe3+ as potential terminal electron acceptors. These data
 suggest that the initial rates of ureolysis and ureolysis-induced CaCO3
 precipitation are not significantly affected by the absence of oxygen but
 that long-term ureolytic activity might require the addition of suitable
 electron acceptors. Variations in the ureolytic capabilities and
 associated rates of CaCO3 precipitation between strains must be fully
 considered in subsurface engineering strategies that utilize microbial
 amendments.
description: Data
 Appendix_compiledExperimental data in
 .csv format provided for microcosm experiments of calcite precipitation by
 ureolytic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Experimental
 details show in data file.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18391630
title: INGLIZ VA O'ZBEK TILLARIDA IJOBIY SEMALI KAYFIYAT BIRLIKLARINING IFODALANISHI

description: Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o’zbek tillarida ijobiy semali kayfiyatni ifodalovchi til birliklarining semantik, funksional va madaniy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ijobiy kayfiyatni ifodalovchi so’zlar, iboralar, va frazeologik birliklar misollar asosida o’rganilib, ularning lingvokulturalogik hamda  lingvokognitiv jihatlari ochib beriladi. Qiyosiy tahlil natijasida har ikki tilda ijobiy emotsiyalarni ifodalashda umumiylik va milliy-madaniy farqlar mavjudligi aniqlanadi. Maqola natijalari semantika, kognitiv tilshunoslik va madaniyatlararo kommunikatsiya sohalari uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18391629
title: INGLIZ VA O'ZBEK TILLARIDA IJOBIY SEMALI KAYFIYAT BIRLIKLARINING IFODALANISHI

description: Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o’zbek tillarida ijobiy semali kayfiyatni ifodalovchi til birliklarining semantik, funksional va madaniy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ijobiy kayfiyatni ifodalovchi so’zlar, iboralar, va frazeologik birliklar misollar asosida o’rganilib, ularning lingvokulturalogik hamda  lingvokognitiv jihatlari ochib beriladi. Qiyosiy tahlil natijasida har ikki tilda ijobiy emotsiyalarni ifodalashda umumiylik va milliy-madaniy farqlar mavjudligi aniqlanadi. Maqola natijalari semantika, kognitiv tilshunoslik va madaniyatlararo kommunikatsiya sohalari uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9p380m9
title: Data from: Genetic diversity-area relationships across bird species

description: The genetic diversity-area relationship (GAR), compared to the extensively
 explored species-area relationship (SAR), remains poorly recognized
 despite the importance of understanding it for the development and
 application of biodiversity theory. It has been hypothesized that
 maintaining genetic diversity within a population is mechanistically
 similar to maintaining species diversity within a community, implying that
 GAR trajectories should mathematically behave as SAR ones. Here we test
 this prediction by fitting microsatellite heterozygosity and allelic
 richness in relation to distribution range size across bird species
 against eight well-known SAR models. The Monod model best described the
 data of resident and migratory species combined, and especially the data
 of resident species only, showing that with increasing range size, genetic
 diversity across species rapidly increased up to a certain level and then
 tended towards an asymptote. None of the candidate models provided an
 adequate fit for the data of migratory species, likely because their
 breeding range size mostly is large in that a GAR curve has become flat.
 Our work takes the first step towards formulating GARs and applying them
 to predicting the effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity.
description: Table S1 in Supplemental
 MaterialA list of the 387 study
 species and their heterozygosity, allelic richness, breeding range size,
 body mass, mid-point latitude of breeding range, and migratory
 status
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31159504
title: surgical smoke of EPs in OR

description: to examine the surgical smoke generated from three types of electrosurgical pencils(EPs), near surgeon's oro-nasal area
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31159504.v1
title: surgical smoke of EPs in OR

description: to examine the surgical smoke generated from three types of electrosurgical pencils(EPs), near surgeon's oro-nasal area
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8f0r6j9
title: Data from: A clinal polymorphism in the insulin signaling transcription factor foxo contributes to life-history adaptation in Drosophila

description: A fundamental aim of adaptation genomics is to identify polymorphisms that
 underpin variation in fitness traits. In D. melanogaster latitudinal
 life-history clines exist on multiple continents and make an excellent
 system for dissecting the genetics of adaptation. We have previously
 identified numerous clinal SNPs in insulin/insulin-like growth factor
 signaling (IIS), a pathway known from mutant studies to affect life
 history. However, the effects of natural variants in this pathway remain
 poorly understood. Here we investigate how two clinal alternative alleles
 at foxo, a transcriptional effector of IIS, affect fitness components
 (viability, size, starvation resistance, fat content). We assessed this
 polymorphism from the North American cline by reconstituting outbred
 populations, fixed for either the low- or high-latitude allele, from
 inbred DGRP lines. Since diet and temperature modulate IIS, we phenotyped
 alleles across two temperatures (18°C, 25°C) and two diets differing in
 sugar source and content. Consistent with clinal expectations, the
 high-latitude allele conferred larger body size and reduced wing loading.
 Alleles also differed in starvation resistance and expression of InR, a
 transcriptional target of FOXO. Allelic reaction norms were mostly
 parallel, with few GxE interactions. Together, our results suggest that
 variation in IIS makes a major contribution to clinal life-history
 adaptation.
description: Durmaz et al foxo raw
 dataExplanation of raw data:
 We measured egg-to-adult survival (measured as proportion survival), femur
 length (measured in mm), wing area (measured in mm2), thorax length
 (measured in mm), survival upon starvation (measured in hr) and
 triglyceride content (measured in µg) for outbred populations of
 Drosophila melanogaster which were fixed for either the low- (LL) or
 high-latitude (HL) allele for foxo, a central transcription factor in
 insulin signaling pathway. Our main goal was to investigate the phenotypic
 effects of this clinal 2-SNP variant in foxo and its contribution to
 clinal life-history traits and life-history plasticity. For details, see
 our paper Durmaz et al. (2019) in Evolution, entitled “A clinal
 polymorphism in the insulin signaling transcription factor foxo
 contributes to life-history adaptation in Drosophila". For additional
 details, please contact Esra Durmaz (esra.durmaz@unifr.ch) or Thomas Flatt
 (thomas.flatt@unifr.ch).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.58p45tb
title: Data from: Evolutionary shifts in mustelid (Mustelidae: Carnivora) cranial shape, body size, and body shape coincides with the Mid-Miocene Climate Transition

description: Environmental changes can lead to evolutionary shifts in phenotypic
 traits, which in turn facilitate exploitation of novel adaptive landscapes
 and lineage diversification. The global cooling, increased aridity, and
 expansion of open grasslands during the past 50 million years are prime
 examples of new adaptive landscapes that spurred lineage and
 ecomorphological diversity of several mammalian lineages such as rodents
 and large herbivorous megafauna. However, whether these environmental
 changes facilitated evolutionary shifts in small to mid-sized predator
 morphology is unknown. Here, I used a complete cranial and body
 morphological dataset to examine the timing of evolutionary shifts in
 cranial shape, body size, and body shape within extant mustelids (martens,
 otters, polecats, and weasels) during the climatic and environmental
 changes of the Cenozoic. I found that evolutionary shifts in all three
 traits occurred within extant mustelid subclades just after the onset of
 the Mid-Miocene Climate Transition. These mustelid subclades first shifted
 towards more elongate body plans followed by concurrent shifts towards
 smaller body sizes and more robust crania. I hypothesize that these
 cranial and body morphological shifts enabled mustelids to exploit novel
 adaptive zones associated with the climatic and environmental changes of
 the Mid to Late Miocene, which facilitated significant increases in clade
 carrying capacity.
description: dataraw
 datatreemusteloid
 phylogenyR script for
 analysesRscript.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cb7tp6m
title: Data from: Effects of aridity on soil microbial communities and functions across soil depths on the Mongolian Plateau

description: 1. Arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems cover about 15% of the global
 land surface and provide vital soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)
 sequestration. Although half of the soil C and N is stored in deep soils
 (below 30 cm), no regional-scale study of microbial properties and their
 functions through the soil profile has been conducted in these drylands.
 2. To explore the distribution and determinants of microbial properties
 and C and N mineralization rates through soil profile along aridity
 gradient at a regional scale, we investigated these variables for four
 soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-100 cm) in 132 plots on the
 Mongolia Plateau. 3. Soil microbial properties (biomass and bacteria:fungi
 ratio) and C and N mineralization rates decreased with increasing soil
 depth and aridity at the regional scale. Aridity-induced declines in soil
 microbial properties mainly resulted from the negative effects of aridity
 on ANPP/root biomass and soil organic C (SOC) in the surface soil layers
 (0-20 and 20-40 cm) but from the direct and indirect (via SOC and soil
 C/N) negative effects of aridity in the deep soil layers (40-60 and 60-100
 cm). 4. Aridity-induced declines in soil C mineralization rates mainly
 resulted from the negative indirect effect of aridity on SOC and microbial
 properties in each soil layer, with weaker effects of SOC and stronger
 effects of soil microbes in the deep soil layers. Aridity-induced declines
 in soil N mineralization rates mainly resulted from the negative indirect
 effect of aridity on SOC in the three soil layers above 60 cm and mainly
 resulted from the negative direct effect of aridity in the 60-100 cm soil
 layer. 5. Aridity via direct or indirect effects strongly determined the
 patterns of soil microbial properties and C and N mineralization
 throughout soil profiles on the Mongolian Plateau. These findings suggest
 that the increases in aridity are likely to induce changes in soil
 microorganisms and their associated functions across soil depths of
 semi-arid grasslands, and future models should consider the dynamic
 interactions between substrates and microbial properties across soil
 depths in global drylands.
description: Functional_Ecology_2019_Chen_et_al