DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13239204
title: EOL Earthworms Patch (EET) - obsolete: Earthworms

description: Superseded by EOL Annelida Patch: https://opendata.eol.org/dataset/eol-annelida-patch

Taxonomic hierarchies & species lists for Crassiclitellata, Haplotaxidae, Moniligastridae, Syngenodrilidae, Tiguassuidae to complement Catalogue of Life coverage. Compiled from multiple sources:

Bantaowong, U., Chanabun, R., Tongkerd, P., Sutcharit, C., James, S.W., Panha, S., 2011. New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from Thailand (Clitellata, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zookeys, 90: 35-62.

Bantaowong, U., Chanabun, R., James, S.W., Panha, S., 2016. Seven new species of the earthworm genus Metaphire Sims and Easton, 1972 from Thailand (Clitellata: Megascolecidae). Zootaxa, 4117(1): 063-084.

Blakemore, R.J., 2007. Checklist and phylogeny of Exxidae (Oligochaeta). European Journal of Soil Biology, 43: S9-S13.

Blakemore, R.J., 2008. A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World – 3rd Edition (2008) December, 2008, http://www.annelida.net/earthworm/

Blakemore, R.J., 2011. Further records of non-cryptic New Zealand earthworms. ZooKeys, 160: 23-46.

Blakemore, R.J., 2013. Earthworms newly from Mongolia (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae, Eisenia). ZooKeys, 285: 1–21.

Blakemore, R.J., Chang, C.H., Chuang, S.C., Ito, M.T., James, S.W., 2006. Biodiversity of Earthworms in Taiwan: a Species Checklist with the Confirmation and New Records of the Exotic Lumbricids Eisenia fetida and Eiseniella tetraedra. Taiwania, 51 (3): 226-236.

Blakemore, R.J., Park, T.S., Seo, H.Y., 2012. A new Korean earthworm (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Zootaxa, 3368: 256-262.

Buckley, T.R., James, S., Allwood, J., Bartlam, S., Howitt, R., Prada, D., 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) reveals ancient clades and cryptic taxonomic diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58: 85-96.

Celis, L.V., Rangel-Ch, O., 2015. Two new earthworm species (Oligochaeta: Annelida) of the Caribbean region of Colombia. Zootaxa, 3974(1): 106–114.

Cervantes, G., Fragoso, C., De Los Monteros, A.E., Sanchez-Ramos, G., Lara-Villalon, M., Yanez-Pacheco, M.J., Lazaro-Castellanos, J.O., James, S.W., 2016. New species of the earthworm genus Zapatadrilus (Clitellata, Acanthodrilidae) from northern Mexico. Zootaxa, 4189(2).

Chanabun, R., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Shau-Hwai, A.T., Panha, S., 2012. Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae). Zootaxa, 3458: 120-132. 

Chanabun, R., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Panha, S., 2013. The semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Thailand (Oligochaeta, Almidae) with re-descriptions of several species. Zookeys, 265: 1-76. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.265.3911

Chanabun, R., Inkavilay, K., Panha, S., 2017. New species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworm genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Thailand and Laos (Oligochaeta, Almidae). ZooKeys, 672: 1-34 (03 May 2017), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.672.10212

Chang, C.H., Chuang, S.C., Wu, J.H., Chen, J.H., 2014. New species of earthworms belonging to the Metaphire formosae species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3774(4).
 
Christoffersen, M.L., 2008. Species catalogue and phylogenetic relations of criodriloids and basal glossoscolecoids (Annelida Clitellata Lumbricina) from South America. Tropical Zoology, 21: 209-226.

Christoffersen, M.L., 2009. Species diversity and distributions of microdrile earthworms (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from South America. Zootaxa, 2065: 51-68.
 
Csuzdi, Cs., 2012. Earthworm species, a searchable database. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 43: 97–99. http://earthworm.uw.hu/

Csuzdi, Cs., Tondoh, J.E, 2007. New and little-known earthworm species from the Ivory Coast (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Benhamiinae and Eudrilidae). Journal of Natural History, 41(41–44): 2551–2567.

Csuzdi, Cs., Mischis, C.C., 2009. Earthworms from Argentinean Patagonia with description of two remarkable new species (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae). Journal of Natural History, 44(1-2): 31-40.

Csuzdi, Cs., Pavlíček, T, 2011. A new earthworm genus Nouraguesia gen. nov. from French Guiana with description of two new species (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Journal of Natural History, 45: 27, 1759-1767.

Csuzdi, Cs., Zicsi A., Mısırlıoğlu, M., 2006. An annotated checklist of the earthworm fauna of Turkey (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Zootaxa, 1175: 1–29.

Csuzdi, Cs., Guei, M.A., Tondoh, J.E., 2009. New and little known earthworm species from the Mt. Nimba, Guinea (Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae: Benhamiinae). Zootaxa, 2141: 56-68.

Csuzdi, Cs., Pop, V.V., Pop, A.A., 2011. The earthworm fauna of the Carpathian Basin with new records and description of three new species (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250(1): 2-18.

Csuzdi, Cs., Razafindrakoto, M., Blanchart, E., 2012. New and Little Known Giant Earthworms from Madagascar (Oligochaeta: Kynotidae). African Invertebrates, 52(2): 285-294.

Csuzdi, Cs., Razafindrakoto, M., Blanchart, E., 2012. New and little known earthworm species from Central Madagascar (Oligochaeta: Kynotidae). Zootaxa, 3578: 36-42.

Csuzdi, Cs., Sherlock, E., Talla Kouete, M., Doherty-Bone, T.M., 2015. Four new earthworm species from the highlands of Cameroon with description of a new genus Okudrilus gen. n. (Oligochaeta: Eudrilidae & Acanthodrilidae). African Invertebrates, 56(1): 25–38.

Csuzdi, Cs., Pearlson, O., Pavlíček, T, 2017. New Acanthodrilus species from New Caledonia (Clitellata, Megadrili, Acanthodrilidae). Journal of Natural History, 51: 1-14, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1355500

Csuzdi, Cs., Chang, C.-H., Pavlíček, T., Szederjesi, T., Esopi, D., Szlavecz, K., 2017. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of native North American lumbricid earthworms (Clitellata: Megadrili). PLoS ONE, 12(8): e0181504. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181504

Csuzdi, Cs., Razafindrakoto, M., Hong, Y., 2017. Three new species of Kynotus from the Central Highlands of Madagascar (Clitellata, Megadrili). European Journal of Taxonomy, 336: 1-14, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.336

Csuzdi, Cs., James, S.W., Lapied, E. 2018. DriloBASE. World Earthworm Database. http://taxo.drilobase.org

Domínguez, J., Aira, M., Breinholt, J.W., Stojanovic, M., James, S.W., Pérez-Losada, M., 2015. Underground evolution: New roots for the old tree of lumbricid earthworms. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 83: 7–19.

Domínguez, J., Aira, M., Porto, P.G., Díaz Cosín, D.J., Pérez-Losada, M., 2017. Multigene phylogeny reveals two new isolated and relic earthworm genera (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182: 258–274. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx031

Dos Santos, B.T.S., Bartz, M.L.C., Hernandez-Garcia, L.M., Rousseau, G.X., Martins, M.B., James, S.W., 2017. New earthworm species of Righiodrilus (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from eastern Amazonia. Zootaxa, 4242(2).  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4242.2.11

Feijoo, M.A., Brown, G.G., James, S.W., 2017. New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa, 4363(1): 55. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2

Fragoso, C., Rojas, P., 2016. Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Acanthodrilidae): a new Mexican earthworm with uncommon characters, revealed by a preliminary revision of subfamily Acanthodrilinae. Zootaxa, 4154(2): 1.

Hackenberger, D.K., Hackenberger, B.K., 2013. Checklist of the earthworm fauna of Croatia (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Zootaxa, 3710(1): 001–030.

Hendrix, P.F., 1995. Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America. CRC Press.

James, S.W., 2009. Revision of the earthworm genus Archipheretima Michaelsen (Clitellata: Megascolecidae), with descriptions of new species from Luzon and Catanduanes Islands, Philippines. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 9(3): 244.e1-244.e16.

James, S.W., 2012. Re-erection of Rhinodrilidae Benham, 1890, a senior synonym of Pontoscolecidae James, 2012 (Annelida: Clitellata). Zootaxa, 3540: 67-68.

James, S.W., Davidson, S.K., 2012. Molecular phylogeny of earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) based on 28S, 18S and 16S gene sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 26(2): 213-229.

James, S.W., Gamiette, F., 2016. New species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 (Clitellata: Benhamiidae) with additional records of earthworms from Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Zootaxa, 4178(3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.5

Jirapatrasilp, P., Prasankok, P., Sutcharit, C., Chanabun, R., Panha, S., 2016. Two new Cambodian semi-aquatic earthworms in the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 (Oligochaeta, Almidae), based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 4189(3): 543-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.3.5

Lehmitz, R., Römbke, J., Jänsch, S., Krück, S., Beylich, A., Graefe, U., 2014. Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Germany. Zootaxa, 3866: 221-245.

Marchán, D.F., Fernández, R., de Sosa, I., Sánchez, N., Díaz Cosín, D.J., Novo, M., 2018. Integrative systematic revision of a Mediterranean earthworm family: Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Invertebrate Systematics, 32(3):652-671. DOI: 10.1071/IS17048

Moreno, A.G., Borges, S., eds. 2004. Advances in Earthworm Taxonomy (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Editorial Complutense, Madrid.

Narayanan, S.P., Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J.M., 2017. New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys, 691: 1-18, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.691.13174

Nxele, T.C., 2012. The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types. African Invertebrates, 53(2): 543–558.

Plisko, J.D., 2013. A new family Tritogeniidae for the genera Tritogenia and Michalakus, earlier accredited to the composite Microchaetidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta). African Invertebrates, 54(1): 69-92.

Pop, V.V., Pop, A.A., Csuzdi, Cs., 2014. An annotated checklist of the Romanian earthworm fauna. Zoology in the Middle East, 58(4): 59-70, DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2012.10648985

Razafindrakoto et al., 2017 — Razafindrakoto, M., Csuzdi, Cs., James, S., Blanchart, E., 2017. New earthworms from Madagascar with key to the Kynotus species (Oligochaeta: Kynotidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 268: 126-135.

Reynolds, J.W., Wetzel, M.J., 2008. Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America, including Mexico, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Bermuda. Megadrilogica, 12(12): 157-208.

Reynolds, J.W., Wetzel, M.J., 2012. Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America, including Mexico, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Bermuda. III. Megadrilogica, 15(8): 191-211.

Reynolds, J.W., Wetzel, M.J. 2018. Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A Catalogue of Names, Descriptions and Type Specimens of the Oligochaeta. Second Edition. http://wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/people/mjwetzel/nomenoligo

Schmelz, R.M., ed. 2012. Global diversity of earthworms and other Oligochaeta (Annelida): collected papers. Zootaxa 3458 103–119.

Szederjesi, T., Vavoulidou, E., Chalkia, C., Danyi, L., Csuzdi, Cs., 2017. An annotated checklist of earthworms of Greece (Clitellata: Megadrili). Zootaxa, 4272(1): 57-82. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.3

Trakić, T., Valchovski, H., Stojanović, M., 2016. Endemic earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) of the Balkan Peninsula: a review. Zootaxa, 4189(2): 251-274.
description: Earthworm species to complement Catalogue of Life coverage.
The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL, eol.org) aggregates biodiversity information from more than 400 sources and provides access to the data through taxon pages, visual query and application programming interfaces. Scientific names are essential elements of the data integration infrastructure, but their shortcomings as key identifiers are well documented (Patterson et al., 2016). Complex automated workflows and continuous manual curation are required to address idiosyncrasies of source taxonomies, variation in data quality, and conflicting taxonomic opinions. 

To achieve a harmonized taxonomic view of EOL content, names from data sources are mapped to a dynamic reference hierarchy ([see current version here](https://opendata.eol.org/dataset/tram-807-808-809-810-dh-v1-1/resource/00adb47b-57ed-4f6b-8f66-83bfdb5120e8)) using an algorithm that leverages canonical name strings, hierarchical information (ancestry, descendants), taxonomic ranks, synonym data, and author strings. Names that cannot be associated with a reference taxon are still accessible, but their unmapped status excludes them and any associated content from certain core EOL functions.

For more information about the EOL taxonomy, see [EOL Dynamic Hierarchy](https://eol.org/docs/eol-dynamic-hierarchy)