cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.12755/jgsee.res.2014.46
title: Reducing the residual power supply of Singapore with solar PV in combination with energy storage

description: Using Singapore's solar potential to produce electricity could increase its energy independence and reduce the specific CO2 emissions of its power supply. Thereby, energy storage technologies offer the opportunity to increase the usage of electricity from solar PV during power demand peaks. This would lead to more efficient power plant use and less required residual generation capacity. In this paper we analyse the power generation capacity that can be replaced by solar PV in combination with energy storage. In our research, we use a linear programming model of Singapore's power supply that optimizes power generation and storage according to minimal total cost. To determine the power generation by solar PV we use direct measurements of solar irradiation in Singapore. Results show that generation capacity can be replaced by solar PV most efficiently with lower storage sizes and lower solar PV capacity installed. By installing 5 GW of solar PV installed and a storage capacity of 1000 MWh, up to 750 MW of generation capacity could be replaced.
DOI: 10.12755/jgsee.res.2014.47
title: Development of an Integrated Assessment and Planning Tool for Tidal Current Energy in the Philippines: A Progress Report

description: This paper presents a framework and some initial results of the efforts to develop an integrated assessment and planning tool for tidal current energy in the Philippines. Considerations related to site (e.g. resource, grid proximity, bathymetry, etc.), and technology (e.g. technical specs, cost, depth limitations, etc.) have been captured and integrated into a tool designed to be used by agencies and project developers in evaluating the potential sites where tidal in-stream / current energy can be extracted. The same framework can be applied to different types of ocean renewable energy (ORE) for the Philippines and even other countries. Considering a multi-criteria, multi-technology, and multi-site approach towards the development of the ORE industry can be a good way to progress the uptake of such alternative source of energy.
DOI: 10.12755/jgsee.res.2014.48
title: Macro environment analysis of ocean renewable energy in the Philippines

description: This paper provides a description of the external macro environment that influences the advancement of ocean renewable energy (ORE) in the Philippines. The PESTLE Analysis is employed to identify key factors categorized as political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental factors. The main objective of this study is to assess the country as an investment location for ORE given its abundant resources. This also aims to assist policy makers, technology developers, investors, and other key players in formulating strategies for the development of ocean renewable energy in the Philippines.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.3
title: FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE OF RC BEAMS UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATE EFFECTS UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATE EFFECTS UNDER

description: This study investigates the flexural performance of RC beams under the effects of a tropical climate. Effects from the tropical climate, such as heat and rain throughout the year, may cause deterioration to the surface of concrete. Concrete will gradually erode and may expose the steel inside the beam. If the steel is exposed, it may be oxidized, thus decreasing the strength of the RC structure. To avoid this situation from happening, the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) method of strengthening may be applied as an alternative. Three beams with the size of 125 mm x 300 mm x 1800 mm (width; height; length) were constructed for this study. The first one is a beam without strengthening, while the other two beams were strengthened with CFRP plate horizontally positioned on the tension zones, where one beam is placed under room temperature conditions, while the other is left to endure the conditions of the tropical climate for a period of 6 months. All three beams were then tested under a four-point bending test. Results show that the strengthened beam placed under room temperature conditions has 1% more flexural strength compared to the exposed beam. The exposed beam, however, has 21% more flexural strength compared to the control beam. Thus, NSM is proven to strengthen beams even in a tropical climate.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.4
title: CONFINING TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENTS FOR CIRCULAR COMPOSITE HOLLOW RC COLUMN WITH INNER TUBE

description: The confining transverse reinforcement has been arranged in plastic hinge region to resist the lateral load, increasing the lateral confining effect in the substructure of the bridge. Columns increased the seismic performance by securing the stiffness and ductility. The calculation method of confining transverse reinforcements is reported in AASHTO-LRFD specification. This specification is only proposed for solid RC columns. In this reason, if this specification is applied to another column as composite column besides solid RC columns, a proper evaluation of the column cannot be done. In particular, composite hollow RC columns have limits for applying this specification. The composite hollow RC column consists of transverse longitudinal reinforcement, cover concrete, core concrete, and an inner tube inserted on hollow face. It increases the ductility, strength, and stiffness of the composite hollow RC column. This paper suggests a modified equation for an economical and rational design through an investigation of displacement ductility when applied to the existing specifications of the composite hollow RC column. Moreover, parametric study is performed for evaluating the detail behavior. Using these results, a calculation method of economic transverse reinforcements is proposed.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.5
title: INFLUENCE OF MOMENT GRADIENT ON ROTATION CAPACITY OF STEEL FLEXURAL MEMBERS

description: Current seismic design procedures implicitly permit the inelastic structural deformations under strong ground motions for economic reasons. The local ductility is used as a parameter for evaluating the available inelastic performances of structures. Current code provisions take into account the ductility at the level of section, but it is necessary to study member ductility. One of the main factors influencing the value of ductility is moment gradient. This research presents a new method to determine ductility for constant-moment loading of flexural members based on theoretical and numerical studies. A numerical study was carried out on welded I-beams under a monotonic static loading, using nonlinear buckling analysis considering local and overall instabilities. The results illustrate that this new method is more accurate than others, can be used to predict ductility for constant-moment loading, and may be employed for different gradients of moments.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.6
title: LOCAL EFFECTS OF TRUSS NODE FORCES ON SHEAR CONNECTION IN COMPOSITE TRUSS BEAMS

description: Design of composite steel and concrete truss girders is discussed, with an emphasis on longitudinal connection of the steel truss and a concrete slab. While a strongly non-uniform distribution of longitudinal shear due to localized force transfer in truss nodes occurs in elastic stages of early loadings, the plastic redistribution follows up to collapse. The former is of primary interest in the design of bridges, class 3 and 4 cross sections, non-ductile shear connection, and serviceability limit states in general. This research clears up the distribution in elastic phases and the process of plastic redistribution by using data of real bridge structures. Wide parametric studies provide insight into important parameters influencing the distribution, such as rigidities of shear connection, rigidities of steel chord and concrete slab, concentration of shear connectors above truss nodes, influence of temperature effects, shrinkage and creep. Design according to Eurocode 4 is discussed together with common procedures used by designers, referring to rather improper/conservative solutions. The necessity of densification of shear connectors above truss nodes is discussed in detail and suggestions for an iteration analysis for reasonable connection design is proposed.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.7
title: THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF WEATHERING STEEL UNDER DIFFERENT CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS

description: Weathering steel is a kind of steel that can reduce the corrosion rate by generating a dense protective rust on the steel surface that exerts anti-corrosion performance. Exposure tests of weathering steel with saltwater spraying were performed under three different conditions. When the consistency of sodium chloride solutions was small (0.5% and 1.0%), the effect of rain rinse was observed. However, large consistencies of sodium chloride solutions provided small differences in rust thickness between open air and under roof conditions. From the results of iron transfer resistance measurements, it was observed that protective rust was generated only in a few cases. This result indicated that generation of protective rust was strongly dependent on the corrosive environment. From the results of exposure tests, it became clear that the change of rust thickness with time can be estimated as an exponential function. The constants in the exponential function can be expressed as a function of consistency of sodium chloride solutions.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.8
title: EVALUATION FOR RESIDUAL AXIAL FORCE OF CORRODED HIGH TENSILE BOLTS

description: This paper presents a method for evaluating the residual axial force of corroded high strength bolts in experiments, and analysis measuring the axial force of corroded high strength bolts. In order to reproduce the axial force reduction due to corrosion, the test specimens were made by cutting the bolt head widthwise or the height-wise with an initial axial force. The curve of axial force lowering is prepared with a reduced thickness in height and width of bolts as a parameter. Therefore, the residual axial force can be estimated by the thickness reduction of bolt. Moreover, we measured the residual axle force of real corroded high strength bolts, taken from a bridge removed from service for a long time, and inspected an axis drop curve. In order to classify corrosion shapes, we measured the three-dimensional surface shape of corroded high strength bolts without contact, and considered the relationship between the surface shape of corroded high strength bolts and the axial force reduction.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.9
title: SEISMIC PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES

description: Any element loss in the concentrically-braced frames (CBF) system significantly affects its seismic performance. The research presented in this paper aimed to understand the behavior of this system against seismic progressive collapse due to the failure of a column. A collapse of this magnitude may lead to the entire collapse of the structure, or else it could avoid or even localize the disaster by redistributing the released load to the surrounding structure. The progressive collapse phenomenon was investigated through analyzing a building equipped with CBF system during a seismic event. Four cases of failed beams were considered, depending on the location of the column loss and the configuration of the braces surrounding them. Through OpenSees simulation, the results showed the seismic and gravity loads increased and rapidly reached the ultimate state of the structure from 0.6 sec after the time of failure. The model for each scenario, regardless of the direct collapse of the structure due to the column loss, indicated the CBF system limited the plastic hinge formation around the failed element. Finally, the results showed the braces working in tensile are more reliable in terms of collapse resistance than those working in compression.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.10
title: LOCAL BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF DOUBLE-COPED STEEL BEAMS

description: Local web buckling is one of the most common failure modes for coped steel beams. While several studies have been undertaken focusing on the behavior of top-flange/single-coped beams, double-coped beams have received little attention. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents experimental and numerical studies on local web buckling behavior of double-coped steel beams. Five full-scale tests were conducted, and the main test parameters were cope length and cope depth. Local web buckling was observed as the main failure mode for all of the five specimens, and the buckling resistance was found to decrease with increasing cope length and cope depth. A FE study was subsequently conducted, where the response of the FE models agreed well with the test results, especially in terms of buckling mode and buckling resistance. The test and FE results were compared with those predicted by an existing design approach. The design results were found to be quite conservative, and hence further investigation may be required to achieve a more accurate design approach. procedure and faster computational efficiency than the Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) procedure for irregular bridges.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.11
title: FATIGUE TEST OF STEEL GIRDER WEB PENETRATION DETAILS WITH A SLIT

description: Fatigue cracking in steel girder web penetration details is so dangerous that it can break steel girders. A one-meter-long crack was detected in Yamazoe Bridge in 2006. Since a number of highway bridges with such web penetration details may exist in Japan, it is of urgent importance to understand these fatigue-strength properties. However, few fatigue tests have been reported on steel girder web penetration details. The purpose of this study is to clarify fatigue behavior of steel girder web penetration details with a slit through fatigue tests of specimens with these details. We designed and fabricated girder specimens that have steel girder web penetration details, in which cross-beam bottom flanges are connected to each top or bottom surface of a slit by welding. First, we conducted static loading tests to understand the stress distributions around web penetration details. Second, we conducted fatigue tests to examine fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior and fatigue strength.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.12
title: LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITIES OF SYSTEM SCAFFOLD STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRACING

description: This research focuses on the loading capacity of scaffolds with different types of bracing. The scaffolds without bracing and with four kinds of bracing were included in the test program. The material test and member test were first conducted in this study to obtain the material properties and the connection parameters for comparison. It was observed that the ultimate tested loads of specimens with bracing are much greater than those of the specimens without. Discussion turned to ultimate load, critical buckling load, and failure mode for all specimens based on the test results. In addition, software SAP2000 was used to predict scaffold strength. It was found that the discrepancy between ultimate strengths for scaffolds with and without bracings is limited because only vertical loads were applied to specimens. The predictions of ultimate strength became different for the scaffolds with and without bracings as long as the notional horizontal forces, which were used to simulate the initial imperfection, were applied on the scaffolds. Despite the expectation that the four bracing types would yield distinguishable results, the SAP2000-computed ultimate strengths for the bracings were quite similar. Therefore, a more realistic model was adopted to investigate the strength by including effects due to both 2nd-order geometric and simple material nonlinearity.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.13
title: NATURALLY STRAINED YIELD SURFACE SHAPE ESTIMATED UNDER PRE-DEFORMATION OF TENSION AND TORSION

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the shape of yield surfaces formed under large pre-deformations, based on the Natural Strain theory, and to make clear the mechanism of the development of anisotropy of yield surfaces under large deformations. In particular the shape of yield surfaces obtained after applying the pre-deformation of tension and shear with proportional loading states is examined. Using pure-copper test pieces already pre-deformed, proportional loading tests were carried out again changing the ratio of tension and torsion to determine yield stress in each direction of the stress space. The yield stress was estimated by examining the slope of tangent for the principal deviatoric stress-deviatoric strain curve in proportional loading tests. It was revealed that the shape of the yield surface becomes convex at the side of pre-deformation and becomes flat in the opposite direction of the pre-deformation. Moreover, the shape of the estimated yield surface was compared with the shape of conventional proof stress. Consequently, it became clear that the shapes of both yield surfaces almost coincide at the side of pre-deformation, but on the opposite side, the yield surface by proof stress becomes smaller compared with the estimated yield surface.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.14
title: THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN FILLET WELDS ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR: A LEFM APPROACH

description: Residual stresses are present in many civil structures due to manufacturing actions causing plastic deformations. Nevertheless, these stresses are not often taken into account when considering the design of these structures, especially when assessing fatigue problems. This remains true for orthotropic steel bridge decks. Due to their many complex welding details, these decks are sensitive to fatigue. To increase the understanding of the fatigue behavior of welded details, an improved analyzing tool using linear elastic fracture mechanics is proposed in this paper. Apart from the fatigue life of the weld detail, the crack propagation and crack growth direction are also evaluated with an XFEM model. Application of this method to the case of the orthotropic steel Temse Bridge in Belgium results in crack propagation very similar to reality. It also demonstrates that the fatigue calculations need to include residual stresses to comply with the real behavior of crack propagation.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.15
title: FRACTURE-PROCESS ZONE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED BARS VERTICAL TO MATRIX CRACKS

description: This study focuses on a crack mechanics model?an infinite center-cracked concrete panel with a steel bar across a crack loaded by uniform tensile stress, under which the slip between reinforcement and concrete is neglected and the force produced by the reinforcement is regarded as a centralized force to close the upper and lower surface of the crack. The critical sizes of the fracture process zone (FPZ) are obtained by the use of a power-exponent tensile-strain softening model under the maximum tensile stress criterion and the maximum tensile strain criterion. The results show that the critical sizes of fracture process zone at both crack tips decrease with the increasing steel bar area, but the distance between the reinforcement and the crack tip or the decreasing Poisson ratio increase with the increasing of the tensile-strain softening index.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.16
title: NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF A BARBELL-SHAPED CROSS SECTION WALL USING FIBER SLICE

description: Reinforced concrete shear walls are effective for resisting lateral loads imposed by wind or earthquakes. This study investigates the effectiveness of a wall fiber element in predicting the flexural nonlinear response of reinforced concrete shear walls. Model results are compared with experimental results for reinforced concrete shear walls with barbell-shaped cross sections without axial load. The analytical model is calibrated and the test measurements are processed to allow for a direct comparison of the predicted and measured flexural responses. Response results are compared at top displacements on the walls. Results obtained in the analytical model for barbell-shaped cross section wall compared favorably with experimentally responses for flexural capacity, stiffness, and deformability.
DOI: 10.12755/jgsee.res.2014.49
title: OceanPixel: a marine spatial planning tool for ocean renewable energy in South East Asia

description: OceanPixel is a multi-site, multi-device, multi-criteria decision support system designed to support the development of ocean renewable energy (ORE) in the South East Asian region. Its platform is based on Geographical Information System (GIS) which allows the collection, storage, processing, analyses and display of geospatial data. Combining GIS application tools with the resources of the web, OceanPixel becomes a web-based GIS decision support tool. It is designed to combine data from multiple sources and collate them into usable formats providing analysis, as well as expertise in ORE feasibility assessment and planning. It includes different forms of ORE resources such as, tidal, tidal current, wave, ocean thermal, and salinity gradient.To date, a prototype of OceanPixel has been developed and tested utilizing data on tidal current energy of two SEA countries, Singapore and Philippines. A device database with mechanical and electrical specifications and cost is also integrated to the system. Results show that OceanPixel is a promising tool for ORE project developments. It is capable of resource data integration, processing, and analysis. It can be used for assessment of installation through environmental impact consideration, distance to port, distance to shore/grid functions, as well as any other constraints.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2014.17
title: IDENTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE DEFLECTION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

description: In framed reinforced concrete structures, the beams transfer the dead and live loads tothe column and then to the foundation. When there are observed structural failures insystems supported by the beam, the functional state of the beams should be ascertainedbefore any further detailed investigations are initiated. The correct diagnosis of thesource of the problem is essential to design an effective rehabilitation scheme. Simplevisual inspections corroborated with field tests for true beam horizontality can providethe lead information that will guide the clients? scope of further investigations. Casestudies addressed the research questions; the research data was collected by reviewingprevious investigation reports on a three-story building, then conducting physicalinspections and simple site experiments to identify the lead information. The resultsreveal that multiple cracks observed in the partition walls, especially in the secondfloors, were as a result of excessive deflections in the beams supporting the first andsecond floors. Subsequent investigations confirmed this lead information andappropriate rehabilitation schemes were adopted.
DOI: 10.12755/jgsee.res.2014.50
title: Electricity from the ocean: a path to secure energy in Southeast Asia?

description: This paper studies the significance of renewable energy in the light of finding alternative sources of energy for the Southeast Asia region. Specifically, it looks at the feasibility of a relatively niche renewable energy technology in the region which is the ocean renewable or marine renewable energy. This study looks at how much can ocean renewable contribute in securing energy (i.e. electricity) in the region.