cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123539
title: Supplementary Material for: The Technology – Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire: A Version with a Technology-Related Subscale

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an increasingly important part of daily life. The ability to use technology is becoming essential for autonomous functioning in society. Current functional scales for patients with cognitive impairment do not evaluate the use of technology. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new version of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) that incorporates an ICT subscale. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A new technology-based subscale was incorporated into the Spanish version of the ADLQ (SV-ADLQ), entitled the Technology version of the ADLQ (T-ADLQ). The T-ADLQ was administered to 63 caregivers of dementia patients, 21 proxies of mild cognitive impairment patients and 44 proxies of normal elderly subjects (mean age of the sample ± SD: 73.5 ± 8.30 years). We analysed the convergent validity, internal consistency, reliability cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity of the T-ADLQ. The results of the T-ADLQ were compared to the SV-ADLQ. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The T-ADLQ showed significant correlations with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) as well as other measures of functional impairment and dementia severity (MMSE: r = –0.70; FAB: r = –0.65; Functional Assessment Questionnaire: r = 0.77; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale: r = –0.75; Clinical Dementia Rating Scale: r = 0.72; p &lt; 0.001). The T-ADLQ showed a good reliability with a relatively high Cronbach’s α-coefficient (Cronbach’s α = 0.861). When considering a functional impairment cut-off point greater than 29.25%, the sensitivity and specificity of the T-ADLQ were 82 and 90%, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.937 for the T-ADLQ and 0.932 for the original version of the test. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The T-ADLQ revealed adequate indicators of validity and reliability for the functional assessment of activities of daily living in dementia patients. However, the inclusion of technology items in the T-ADLQ did not improve the performance of the scale, which may reflect the lack of widespread use of technology by elderly individuals. Thus, although it appeared reasonable to add technology use questions to the ADLQ, our experience suggested that this has to be done cautiously, since the sensitivity of these additional items could vary in different populations. The T-ADLQ needs to be validated in a different population of dementia subjects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123542
title: Supplementary Material for: Brain Structure in Preclinical Huntington's Disease: A Multi-Method Approach

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain could be a powerful tool for discovering early biomarkers in clinically presymptomatic carriers of the Huntington's disease gene mutation (preHD). So far, structural changes have been found mainly in preHD approaching the estimated motor onset of the disease (i.e. less than 15 years from onset), whereas structural findings in preHD far from the estimated motor onset have been inconclusive. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aims of this study were to investigate the sensitivity of different methodological approaches to structural data in far-from-onset preHD (mean estimated time to motor onset = 21.4 years) and to explore the relationship between brain structure, clinical variables and cognition. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> High-resolution MRI data at 3 T were obtained from 20 preHD individuals and 20 healthy participants and subsequently analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), cortical surface modeling and subcortical segmentation analysis techniques. <b><i>Results:</i></b> VBM analyses did not reveal significant between-group differences, whereas cortical surface modeling and subcortical segmentation analyses showed significant regional cortical thinning and striatal changes in preHD compared to controls. Significant correlations were found between striatal structure, estimated time to motor onset and executive performance, whereas cortical changes were not significantly correlated with these parameters. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These data suggest that a combined methodological approach to structural MRI data could increase the sensitivity for detecting subtle neurobiological changes in early preHD. As consistently shown across different methods, the association between striatal structure and clinical measures supports the notion that changes in striatal volume could represent a more robust marker of disease progression than cortical changes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123548
title: Supplementary Material for: Pride Diaries: Sex, Brain Size and Sociality in the African Lion <b><i>(Panthera leo) </i></b> and Cougar <b><i>(Puma concolor) </i></b>

description: The purpose of this study was to examine if differences in social life histories correspond to intraspecific variation in total or regional brain volumes in the African lion <i>(Panthera leo)</i> and cougar <i>(Puma concolor)</i>. African lions live in gregarious prides usually consisting of related adult females, their dependent offspring, and a coalition of immigrant males. Upon reaching maturity, male lions enter a nomadic and often, solitary phase in their lives, whereas females are mainly philopatric and highly social throughout their lives. In contrast, the social life history does not differ between male and female cougars; both are solitary. Three-dimensional virtual endocasts were created using computed tomography from the skulls of 14 adult African lions (8 male, 6 female) and 14 cougars (7 male, 7 female). Endocranial volume and basal skull length were highly correlated in African lions (r = 0.59, p &lt; 0.05) and in cougars (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01). Analyses of total endocranial volume relative to skull length revealed no sex differences in either African lions or cougars. However, relative anterior cerebrum volume comprised primarily of frontal cortex and surface area was significantly greater in female African lions than males, while relative posterior cerebrum volume and surface area was greater in males than females. These differences were specific to the neocortex and were not found in the solitary cougar, suggesting that social life history is linked to sex-specific neocortical patterns in these species. We further hypothesize that increased frontal cortical volume in female lions is related to the need for greater inhibitory control in the presence of a dominant male aggressor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123533
title: Supplementary Material for: The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation Superfamily

description: The amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily has been shown to include five recognized families, four of which are specific for amino acids and their derivatives. Recent high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data have shown that four additional transporter families (BCCT, TC No. 2.A.15; SSS, 2.A.21; NSS, 2.A.22; and NCS1, 2.A.39), transporting a wide range of solutes, exhibit sufficiently similar folds to suggest a common evolutionary origin. We have used established statistical methods, based on sequence similarity, to show that these families are, in fact, members of the APC superfamily. We also identify two additional families (NCS2, 2.A.40; SulP, 2.A.53) as being members of this superfamily. Repeat sequences, each having five transmembrane α-helical segments and arising via ancient intragenic duplications, are demonstrated for all of these families, further strengthening the conclusion of homology. The APC superfamily appears to be the second largest superfamily of secondary carriers, the largest being the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). Although the topology of the members of the APC superfamily differs from that of the MFS, both families appear to have arisen from a common ancestral 2 TMS hairpin structure that underwent intragenic triplication followed by loss of a TMS in the APC family, to give the repeat units that are characteristic of these two superfamilies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123536.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Rear-Side Localization of the Centrosome in Migrating Neuroblastoma Neuro-2a Cells and Its Roles in Process Elongation

description: Axon elongation is usually performed by the migration of growth cones that leave axons. Axon microtubules are generated by enhanced polymerization of tubulin in the growth cones. Some kinds of neurons like cerebellar granule cells, however, generate axons as a result of migration of the cell body leaving axons at the rear. The mechanism to generate microtubules during such growth cone-independent elongation of axons is not well understood. To establish an experimental model to study this mechanism, we cultured neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells on substrates that facilitate cell migration. When cultured on laminin-treated substrate, cells migrated actively and left processes at the rear. We investigated the role of the centrosome in this process formation. The centrosomes were always located at the base of the processes, i.e., at the rear side of the migrating cell body. Close observation of cytoskeletons revealed microtubules limited around the centrosomes, but concentrated at the periphery of the cells or within the processes. Microtubule regrowth experiments showed the ability of the centrosomes to nucleate microtubules. We thus examined the role of microtubule release from the centrosomes, by knocking down the expression of spastin, a microtubule-severing enzyme. Introducing siRNA for spastin into Neuro-2a cells reduced both the migration speed and the length of the processes. Taken together, Neuro-2a cells on laminin proved useful as a model to study the alternative type of axon elongation in which cell migration leaves axons at the rear. This model provided evidence for the involvement of microtubule release from centrosomes in the mechanisms for this type of process elongation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123527
title: Supplementary Material for: ESI LC-MS and MS/MS Characterization of Antifungal Cyclic Lipopeptides Produced by <b><i>Bacillus subtilis </i></b>XF-1

description: <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the clubroot of crucifer and many pathogenic fungi, was predicted to produce cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics based on its genomic analysis. In this study, the CLPs were purified and determined with the following protocol: the supernatant of XF-1 cultivating mixture was firstly precipitated, then the precipitants were extracted with methanol and further separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to test its antifungal activities. Fungi-inhibiting fractions were further characterized with LC/ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS/MS. The results show that four molecular ion peaks [M+H]<sup>+</sup> (<i>m/z</i> 1,464, 1,478, 1,492 and 1,506) from fungi suppression fraction were identified as fengycin A with fatty acid of C<sub>16</sub>–C<sub>19</sub>, fengycin B (C<sub>14</sub>–C<sub>17</sub>), fengycin C (C<sub>15</sub>–C<sub>18</sub>), fengycin D (C<sub>15</sub>–C<sub>18</sub>) and fengycin S (C<sub>15</sub>–C<sub>18</sub>). Fengycin C (C<sub>15</sub> and C<sub>18</sub>), fengycin D (C<sub>15</sub>, C<sub>16</sub> and C<sub>18</sub>) and fengycin S (C<sub>15</sub>, C<sub>16</sub> and C<sub>18</sub>) were reported for the first time. The diversity of the fengycins that exist in this strain will help the elucidation of their biocontrol mechanisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123530
title: Supplementary Material for: MR Visualization of Retrograde Aortic Flow Pattern in a Patient with Recurrent Embolic Strokes

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123533.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation Superfamily

description: The amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily has been shown to include five recognized families, four of which are specific for amino acids and their derivatives. Recent high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data have shown that four additional transporter families (BCCT, TC No. 2.A.15; SSS, 2.A.21; NSS, 2.A.22; and NCS1, 2.A.39), transporting a wide range of solutes, exhibit sufficiently similar folds to suggest a common evolutionary origin. We have used established statistical methods, based on sequence similarity, to show that these families are, in fact, members of the APC superfamily. We also identify two additional families (NCS2, 2.A.40; SulP, 2.A.53) as being members of this superfamily. Repeat sequences, each having five transmembrane α-helical segments and arising via ancient intragenic duplications, are demonstrated for all of these families, further strengthening the conclusion of homology. The APC superfamily appears to be the second largest superfamily of secondary carriers, the largest being the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). Although the topology of the members of the APC superfamily differs from that of the MFS, both families appear to have arisen from a common ancestral 2 TMS hairpin structure that underwent intragenic triplication followed by loss of a TMS in the APC family, to give the repeat units that are characteristic of these two superfamilies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123548.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Pride Diaries: Sex, Brain Size and Sociality in the African Lion <b><i>(Panthera leo) </i></b> and Cougar <b><i>(Puma concolor) </i></b>

description: The purpose of this study was to examine if differences in social life histories correspond to intraspecific variation in total or regional brain volumes in the African lion <i>(Panthera leo)</i> and cougar <i>(Puma concolor)</i>. African lions live in gregarious prides usually consisting of related adult females, their dependent offspring, and a coalition of immigrant males. Upon reaching maturity, male lions enter a nomadic and often, solitary phase in their lives, whereas females are mainly philopatric and highly social throughout their lives. In contrast, the social life history does not differ between male and female cougars; both are solitary. Three-dimensional virtual endocasts were created using computed tomography from the skulls of 14 adult African lions (8 male, 6 female) and 14 cougars (7 male, 7 female). Endocranial volume and basal skull length were highly correlated in African lions (r = 0.59, p &lt; 0.05) and in cougars (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01). Analyses of total endocranial volume relative to skull length revealed no sex differences in either African lions or cougars. However, relative anterior cerebrum volume comprised primarily of frontal cortex and surface area was significantly greater in female African lions than males, while relative posterior cerebrum volume and surface area was greater in males than females. These differences were specific to the neocortex and were not found in the solitary cougar, suggesting that social life history is linked to sex-specific neocortical patterns in these species. We further hypothesize that increased frontal cortical volume in female lions is related to the need for greater inhibitory control in the presence of a dominant male aggressor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123521
title: Supplementary Material for: Corticosteroids plus Long-Acting Beta<sub>2</sub>-Agonists Prevent Double-Stranded RNA-Induced Upregulation of B7-H1 on Airway Epithelium

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Airway viral infections provoke exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. B7-H1 is a costimulatory molecule that is implicated in an escape mechanism of viruses from host immune systems. This escape may be associated with the persistence of viral infection and lead to exacerbation of underlying diseases. We have shown that an analog of viral double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), upregulated the expression of B7-H1 on airway epithelial cells, an effect which was corticosteroid-resistant. We investigated the effects of corticosteroids plus long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonists (LABAs; fluticasone/salmeterol or budesonide/formoterol) on the expression of B7-H1. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> BEAS-2B cells and primary airway epithelial cells were stimulated with poly IC or respiratory syncytial virus. The expression of B7-H1 was assessed by flow cytometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Poly IC upregulated the expression of B7-H1, which was suppressed by high-concentration corticosteroids but not by LABAs. The upregulation was suppressed by very low-concentration corticosteroids when used in combination with LABAs. Their combination also suppressed the virus-induced upregulation of B7-H1. Poly IC stimulation induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB). Inhibitors of NF-ĸB activation prevented the poly IC-induced upregulation of B7-H1. Low-concentration corticosteroids in combination with LABAs enhanced the de novo induction of IĸBα, the endogenous inhibitor of NF-ĸB activation. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Fluticasone/salmeterol or budesonide/formoterol attenuate the virus-associated upregulation of B7-H1 on airway epithelial cells via suppression of NF-ĸB activation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123524
title: Supplementary Material for: Estimation of Stroke Etiology from Lesion Patterns on Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Various mechanisms can be considered in ischemic stroke with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive diseases. We clarified the etiologic mechanisms from lesion patterns on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One hundred and twenty consecutive ischemic stroke patients with ipsilateral ICA occlusive diseases were enrolled and classified into 3 groups according to the size of DWI lesions: group A, massive; group B, moderate-to-large; and group C, small. Group C was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of lesions: C1, 1–3; C2, 4–9; and C3, 10 or more. The relationship between the DWI findings and stroke subtypes according to the TOAST classification was investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cardioembolism was significantly more common in groups A and B than in group C, while large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) was more frequent in group C than in groups A and B. In group A, cardioembolism accounted for 32%, while LAA was not observed. Statistical analyses showed trends toward a higher frequency of LAA in groups C2 and C3 than in group C1. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Mechanisms of acute stroke in ICA diseases can be simply assessed from the lesion size and number, which may be useful in considering acute therapeutic strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123518
title: Supplementary Material for: The Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Is Essential for Spermatogonial Survival and Spermatogenesis

description: Spermatogenesis relies on the precise regulation of the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia to provide a continuous supply of differentiating germ cells. The understanding of the cellular pathways regulating this equilibrium remains unfortunately incomplete. This investigation aimed to elucidate the testicular and ovarian functions of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ) encoded by the X-linked <i>Tsc22d3 (Gilz)</i> gene. We found that GILZ is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of proliferating spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes. While <i>Gilz</i> mutant female mice were fully fertile, constitutive or male germ cell-specific ablation of <i>Gilz</i> led to sterility due to a complete absence of post-meiotic germ cells and mature spermatozoa. Alterations were observed as early as postnatal day 5 during the first spermatogenic wave and included extensive apoptosis at the spermatogonial level and meiotic arrest in the mid-late zygotene stage. Overall, these data emphasize the essential role played by GILZ in mediating spermatogonial survival and spermatogenesis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123530.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: MR Visualization of Retrograde Aortic Flow Pattern in a Patient with Recurrent Embolic Strokes

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123515
title: Supplementary Material for: Aging and Diets Regulate the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Transcriptome

description: Dietary interventions involving caloric restriction represent a powerful strategy to prevent or delay age-related deteriorations and diseases. Their beneficial effects have been observed in several tissues and species. This microarray study investigated the effects of aging, long-term moderate caloric restriction (LTMCR) and long-term dietary soy on the regulation of gene expression in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. In both tissues, aging regulated genes mainly involved in cell defense and repair mechanisms related to apoptosis, DNA repair, cellular stress, inflammatory and immune response. In the aging pituitary, the highest upregulated gene was the regenerating islet-derived 3β (5.77-fold), coding for a secretory protein involved in acute stress and inflammation. A protective effect of LTMCR on age-related change of gene expression was observed for 35 pituitary genes. In addition, beneficial effects of LTMCR in the pituitary were observed on new regulated genes mainly involved in cell death and cell stress response. In the hypothalamus, the effects of LTMCR on age-related changes were modest. Finally, changing the quality of dietary protein (20% casein for soy) had a low impact on the regulation of mRNA levels in both tissues. Genes associated with the somatotroph function were also differentially expressed in the aging pituitary. Interestingly, LTMCR prevented the effect of aging on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 gene. Altogether, this study proposes novel pituitary and hypothalamic molecular targets and signaling pathways to help in understanding the mechanisms involved in aging processes and LTMCR.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123518.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Is Essential for Spermatogonial Survival and Spermatogenesis

description: Spermatogenesis relies on the precise regulation of the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia to provide a continuous supply of differentiating germ cells. The understanding of the cellular pathways regulating this equilibrium remains unfortunately incomplete. This investigation aimed to elucidate the testicular and ovarian functions of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ) encoded by the X-linked <i>Tsc22d3 (Gilz)</i> gene. We found that GILZ is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of proliferating spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes. While <i>Gilz</i> mutant female mice were fully fertile, constitutive or male germ cell-specific ablation of <i>Gilz</i> led to sterility due to a complete absence of post-meiotic germ cells and mature spermatozoa. Alterations were observed as early as postnatal day 5 during the first spermatogenic wave and included extensive apoptosis at the spermatogonial level and meiotic arrest in the mid-late zygotene stage. Overall, these data emphasize the essential role played by GILZ in mediating spermatogonial survival and spermatogenesis.