cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vn88q
title: Data from: Horizontal transmission of Rickettsia felis between cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis

description: Rickettsia felis is a rickettsial pathogen primarily associated with the
 cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Although laboratory studies have
 confirmed that R. felis is maintained by transstadial and transovarial
 transmission in C. felis, distinct mechanisms of horizontal transmission
 of R. felis among cat fleas is undefined. Based on the inefficient
 vertical transmission of R. felis by cat fleas and the detection of R.
 felis in a variety of hematophagous arthropods, we hypothesize that R.
 felis is horizontally transmitted between cat fleas. Towards testing this
 hypothesis, flea transmission of R. felis via a bloodmeal was assessed
 weekly for four weeks. Rhodamine B was used to distinguish uninfected
 recipient and R. felis-infected donor fleas in a rickettsial horizontal
 transmission bioassay and quantitative real-time PCR assay was utilized to
 measure transmission frequency; immunofluorescence assay also confirmed
 transmission. Female fleas acquired R. felis-infection more readily than
 male fleas after feeding on a R. felis-infected bloodmeal for 24 h (69.3%
 and 43.3%, respectively) and both Rickettsia-uninfected recipient male and
 female fleas became infected with R. felis after co-feeding with R.
 felis-infected donor fleas (3.3-40.0%). Distinct bioassays were developed
 to further determine that R. felis was transmitted from R. felis-infected
 to uninfected fleas during co-feeding and copulation. Vertical
 transmission of R. felis by infected fleas was not demonstrated in this
 study. The demonstration of horizontal transmission of R. felis between
 cat fleas has broad implications for the ecology of R. felis
 rickettsiosis.
description: Table
 S1.Raw data for gene copy
 numbers of (a) R. felis 17-kDa and (b) C. felis 18S rDNA in individual
 flea samples from rickettsial horizontal transmission bioassay. In three
 independent trials, individual fleas were assessed by qPCR for R. felis
 infection at day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post co-feeding. (a) R. felis 17-kDa
 gene copy number quantities per individual flea lysate were extrapolated
 based on their position relative to the standard curve. (b) C. felis 18S
 rRNA gene copy number quantities per individual flea lysate were also
 determined by extrapolating their values based on their position relative
 to the standard curve. C. felis 18S rDNA counts were performed for all
 positive Rf17-kDa fleas. The values in the above tables were log
 transformed and ratios of logRf17kDa/logCf18SrDNA were generated for
 individual flea samples (results presented in main
 text).Suplementary
 table.pdf
DOI: 10.15468/dl.z8vt94
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 959 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Machine Observation, Observation, Human Observation, Living Specimen, Occurrence evidence)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "License is one of (CC0 1.0, CC-BY 4.0)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Chenopodium botrys",
 "Year 2000-2026"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 959 records from 36 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000911-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.41n6g
title: Data from: Identifying environmental drivers of greenhouse gas emissions under warming and reduced rainfall in boreal-temperate forests

description: 1.Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and
 nitrous oxide (N2O) are predicted to increase as a consequence of fossil
 fuel emissions and the impact on biosphere-atmosphere interactions. Forest
 ecosystems in general, and forest soils in particular, can be sinks or
 sources for CO2, CH4, and N2O. Environmental studies traditionally target
 soil temperature and moisture as the main predictors of soil greenhouse
 gas (GHG) flux from different ecosystems; however, these emissions are
 primarily biologically driven. Thus, little is known about the degree of
 regulation by soil biotic vs. abiotic factors on GHG emissions,
 particularly under predicted increase in global temperatures, and changes
 in intensity and frequency of precipitation events. 2.Here we measured net
 CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes after 5 years of experimental warming (+3.4°C),
 and 2 years of ≈45% summer rainfall reduction, in two forest sites in a
 boreal-temperate ecotone under different habitat conditions (closed or
 open canopy) in Minnesota, USA. We evaluated the importance of microbial
 gene abundance and climo-edaphic factors (soil texture, canopy,
 seasonality, climate and soil physicochemical properties) driving GHG
 emissions. 3.We found that changes in CO2 fluxes were predominantly
 determined abiotically by temperature and moisture, after accounting for
 bacterial abundance. Methane fluxes on the other hand, were determined
 both abiotically, by gas diffusivity (via soil texture) and microbially,
 by methanotroph pmoA gene abundance, whereas, N2O emissions showed only a
 strong biotic regulation via ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amoA gene
 abundance. Warming did not significantly alter CO2 and CH4 fluxes after 5
 years of manipulation, while N2O emissions were greater with warming under
 open canopy. 4.Our findings provide evidence that soil GHG emissions
 result from multiple direct and indirect interactions of microbial and
 abiotic drivers. Overall, this study highlights the need to include both
 microbial and climo-edaphic properties in predictive models in order to
 provide improved mechanistic understanding for the development of future
 mitigation strategies.
description: Martins FE 2017
 datasetAll data from the
 paper
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.744v6t51
title: Data from: Contracting patterns of diversity and population differentiation at the innate immunity gene Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in two sympatric rodent species

description: Comparing patterns of diversity and divergence between populations at
 immune genes and neutral markers can give insights into the nature and
 geographic scale of parasite-mediated selection. To date, studies
 investigating such patterns of selection in vertebrates have primarily
 focused on the acquired branch of the immune system, whereas it remains
 largely unknown how parasite-mediated selection shapes innate immune genes
 both within and across vertebrate populations. Here, we present a study on
 the diversity and population differentiation at the innate immune gene
 Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) across nine populations of yellow-necked mice
 (Apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in southern
 Sweden. In yellow-necked mice, TLR2 diversity was very low, as was TLR2
 population differentiation compared to neutral loci. In contrast, several
 TLR2 haplotypes co-occurred at intermediate frequencies within and across
 bank vole populations, and pronounced isolation by distance between
 populations was observed. The diversity and differentiation at neutral
 loci was similar in the two species. These results indicate that
 parasite-mediated selection has been acting in dramatically different ways
 on a given immune gene in ecologically similar and sympatric species.
 Furthermore, the finding of TLR2 population differentiation at a small
 geographical scale in bank voles highlights that vertebrate innate immune
 defence may be evolutionarily more dynamic than has previously been
 appreciated.
description: Tschirren_bankvolesMicrosatellite and TLR2 alleles of bank voles from the 9 analysis populationsTschirren_yellowneckedmiceMicrosatellite and TLR2 alleles of yellow-necked mice from the 9 analysis populations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v0v58gd5
title: Data from: Contrasting dynamics of a mutator allele in asexual populations of differing size

description: Mutators have been shown to hitchhike in asexual populations when the
 anticipated beneficial mutation supply rate of the mutator subpopulation,
 NU_b (for subpopulation of size N and beneficial mutation rate U_b)
 exceeds that of the wild-type subpopulation. Here, we examine the effect
 of total population size on mutator dynamics in asexual experimental
 populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although mutators quickly
 hitchhike to fixation in smaller populations, mutator fixation requires
 more and more time as population size increases; this observed delay in
 mutator hitchhiking is consistent with the expected effect of clonal
 interference. Interestingly, despite their higher beneficial mutation
 supply rate, mutators are supplanted by the wild type in very large
 populations. We postulate that this striking reversal in mutator dynamics
 is caused by an interaction between clonal interference, the fitness cost
 of the mutator allele, and infrequent large-effect beneficial mutations in
 our experimental populations. Our work thus identifies a potential set of
 circumstances under which mutator hitchhiking can be inhibited in natural
 asexual populations, despite recent theoretical predictions that such
 populations should have a net tendency to evolve ever-higher genomic
 mutation rates.
description: Mutator frequencies
 during propagationThe dataset contains
 mutator frequencies measured during propagation of the five sets of
 experimental populations mentioned in the manuscript.Fitness
 measurementsThe dataset contains
 frequency measurements from short-term competitions used to estimate
 relative fitnesses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ms57853
title: Data from: How group composition affects cooperation in fixed networks: can psychopathic traits influence group dynamics?

description: Static networks have been shown to foster cooperation for specific
 cost-benefit ratios and numbers of connections across a series of
 interactions. At the same time, psychopathic traits have been discovered
 to predict defective behaviours in game theory scenarios. This experiment
 combines these two aspects to investigate how group cooperation can emerge
 when changing group compositions based on psychopathic traits. We
 implemented a modified version of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game which has
 been demonstrated theoretically and empirically to sustain a constant
 level of cooperation over rounds. A sample of 190 undergraduate students
 played in small groups where the percentage of psychopathic traits in each
 group was manipulated. Groups entirely composed of low psychopathic
 individuals were compared to communities with 50% high and 50% low
 psychopathic players, to observe the behavioural differences at the group
 level. Results showed a significant divergence of the mean cooperation of
 the two conditions, regardless of the small range of participants’
 psychopathy scores. Groups with a large density of high psychopathic
 subjects cooperated significantly less than groups entirely composed of
 low psychopathic players, confirming our hypothesis that psychopathic
 traits affect not only individuals’ decisions but also the group
 behaviour. This experiment highlights how differences in group composition
 with respect to psychopathic traits can have a significant impact on group
 dynamics, and it emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics
 when investigating group behaviours.
description: Row
 dataRow data from the
 experimentrow_data.xlsxRegression codingSome coding for the regression analysisregressions.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f48f5
title: Data from: Long-term consequences of high incubation temperature in a wild bird population

description: Because incubation by birds is energetically costly, parents frequently
 trade off investment in incubation against self-maintenance. This can be
 manifested by a reduction in incubation temperature, which comes at high
 somatic costs for nestlings. The extent to which these costs constrain
 fitness is poorly understood. We incubated wild blue tit clutches at three
 biologically relevant temperatures and subsequently recorded winter
 survival and survival to the breeding season. Fledglings from the coldest
 treatment (35.0°C) survived less well than other fledglings, but the
 proportion of winter and breeding survivors did not differ significantly
 between treatments. However, survival probability in both seasons
 increased with body mass at fledging in birds from low and mid incubation
 temperatures, but decreased with fledging body mass in the
 high-temperature treatment. Mid-temperature nestlings were heavier as
 adults, weighing 7% more than low- and high-temperature survivors. Thus,
 high incubation temperature can be beneficial in the short term, but costs
 of accelerated embryonic development may equal those of protracted
 development in the long term. Such hidden consequences of faster
 development could maintain natural selection for average incubation
 temperature.
description: Supporting
 dataOriginal data for winter
 and breeding survival, and biometrics at recapture, in blue tits that
 hatched from clutches that had been incubated in one of three biologically
 relevant incubation temperatures.Table
 S2.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vv29r
title: Data from: Hot spots become cold spots: coevolution in variable temperature environments

description: Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites is a key process in
 the genesis and maintenance of biological diversity. Whereas
 coevolutionary dynamics show distinct patterns under favourable
 environmental conditions, the effects of more realistic, variable
 conditions are largely unknown. We investigated the impact of a
 fluctuating environment on antagonistic coevolution in experimental
 microcosms of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and lytic phage SBWΦ2.
 High-frequency temperature fluctuations caused no deviations from typical
 coevolutionary arms-race dynamics. However, coevolution was stalled during
 periods of high temperature under intermediate and low frequency
 fluctuations, generating temporary coevolutionary coldspots. Temperature
 variation affected population density, providing evidence that
 eco-evolutionary feedbacks act through variable bacteria-phage encounter
 rates. Our study shows that environmental fluctuations can drive
 antagonistic species interactions into and out of coevolutionary cold and
 hot spots. Whether coevolution persists or crashes depends on the
 frequency of change and the environmental optima of both interacting
 players.
description: Duncan_JEBThis data file comprises 3 data sheets. One with bacteria and phage densities, another with bacteria resistance data from bacteria and phage time-shift curves and another with the coevolution score.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hm482
title: Data from: Sapwood capacitance is greater in evergreen sclerophyll species growing in high compared to low rainfall environments

description: 1. The capacitative release of water from sapwood allows photosynthesis to
 continue for longer into dry periods, both diurnally and seasonally.
 However, costs of high capacitance include increased vulnerability to
 xylem cavitation. The degree of reliance on stored water is predicted to
 differ among environments as a result of this trade off 2. Xylem water
 potential and sapwood capacitance were measured on 32 evergreen
 sclerophyll shrub and tree species in eastern Australia, sampled from four
 sites contrasting in soil nutrients and rainfall. 3. Capacitance
 calculated over species’ typical shoot water potential operating range was
 3-fold higher for species from high compared to low rainfall sites, and
 1.5-fold higher for species from high compared to low nutrient sites. 4.
 To determine whether these site differences were related to extrinsic
 (e.g. water availability) or intrinsic (e.g. species anatomical
 construction) factors, we calculated capacitance at two common operating
 ranges; i.e. the mean range in water potential observed for low rainfall
 species (ΔΨlow rain) and the mean range for high rainfall species (ΔΨhigh
 rain). While no difference was seen between low and high rainfall species
 in release of stored water across ΔΨhigh rain, across ΔΨlow rain the high
 rainfall species released 38% more stored water than low rainfall species.
 Presumably these differences reflect underlying differences in anatomy,
 such as wood density, which was lower in high rainfall species. 5. These
 results accord with predictions that (i) species from wetter sites exhibit
 less negative stem water potentials and high sapwood capacitance, enabling
 them to maintain function under variable conditions characterized by many
 short, dry periods; while (ii) species from low rainfall sites have wood
 anatomies conferring tolerance to very low water potentials, with low
 sapwood capacitance, enabling them to survive longer through unpredictable
 and extended periods of low rainfall. The finding that the degree to which
 species rely on stem-stored water varies with site rainfall suggests that
 changes in drought regimes (e.g. incidence, duration and severity) under
 future climates could differentially affect species according to the
 capacitance properties of their woody tissues.
description: Sapwood water potential,
 relative water content and cumulative water released from sapwood samples
 of 32 plant species measured in a thermocouple psychrometer and their wood
 densities.Richards_FuncEcol_DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2h4n301t
title: Data from: Sexual differences in head form and diet in a population of Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnakes, Crotalus polystictus

description: Sexual dimorphism of phenotypic traits associated with resource use is
 common in animals, and may result from niche divergence between sexes.
 Snakes have become widely used in studies of the ecological basis of
 sexual dimorphism because they are gape-limited predators and their head
 morphology is likely to be a direct indicator of the size and shape of
 prey consumed. We examined sexual dimorphism of body size and head
 morphology, and sexual differences in diet in a population of Mexican
 lance-headed rattlesnakes, Crotalus polystictus, from the State of México,
 Mexico. Maximum snout–vent length of males was greater than that of
 females by 21%. Males had relatively larger heads, and differed from
 females in head shape after removing effects of head size. In addition,
 male rattlesnakes showed positive allometry in head shape: head width was
 amplified while snout length was truncated with increased head size. In
 contrast, our data did not provide clear evidence of allometry in head
 shape of females. Adults of both males and females ate predominately mice
 and voles; however, males also consumed a greater proportion of larger
 mammalian species, and fewer small prey species. The differences in diet
 correspond with dimorphism in head morphology, and provide evidence of
 intersexual niche divergence in our study population. However, because the
 sexes overlapped greatly in diet, we hypothesize that diet and head
 dimorphisms in C. polystictus are likely related to different selection
 pressures in each sex arising from preexisting body size differences
 rather than from character displacement for reducing intersexual
 competition.
description: RattlesnakesThe file "Rattlesnakes" is a .tps file of landmark coordinates taken from .jpg images of rattlesnake dorsal head views. In addition to geometric morphometrics software, the file can be opened as a text or excel file. The letter in the identifier (M or F) indicates that the coordinates originate from male or female snakes, respectively. The number in the identifier is arbitrary and refers to the individual snake. The images used for collecting landmark data originate from subadult and adult individuals of Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus polystictus) from a single population near Atlacomulco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. All photographs used in this study were collected between June-July 2006.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2vm2
title: Data from: Harmonic calls and indifferent females: no preference for human consonance in an anuran

description: The human music faculty might have evolved from rudimentary components
 that occur in non-human animals. The evolutionary history of these
 rudimentary perceptual features is not well understood and rarely extends
 beyond a consideration of vertebrates that possess a cochlea. One such
 antecedent is a preferential response to what humans perceive as consonant
 harmonic sounds, which are common in many animal vocal repertoires. We
 tested the phonotactic response of female túngara frogs (Physalaemus
 pustulosus) to variations in the frequency ratios of their harmonically
 structured mating call to determine whether frequency ratio influences
 attraction to acoustic stimuli in this vertebrate that lacks a cochlea. We
 found that the ratio of frequencies present in acoustic stimuli did not
 influence female response. Instead, the amount of inner ear stimulation
 predicted female preference behaviour. We conclude that the harmonic
 relationships that characterize the vocalizations of these frogs did not
 evolve in response to a preference for frequency intervals with
 low-integer ratios. Instead, the presence of harmonics in their mating
 call, and perhaps in the vocalizations of many other animals, is more
 likely due to the biomechanics of sound production rather than any
 preference for ‘more musical’ sounds.
description: Data for Experiment
 1An
 excel file listing individuals, stimuli, and choice
 outcomesData for Experiment
 2An
 excel file listing individuals, stimuli, and choice
 outcomes
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4sd8p
title: Data from: A structured training program for health workers in intravenous treatment with fluids and antibiotics in nursing homes: a modified stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial to reduce hospital admissions

description: Objectives: Hospitalization is potentially detrimental to nursing home
 patients and resource demanding for the specialist health care. This study
 assessed if a brief training program in administrating intravenous fluids
 and antibiotics in nursing homes could reduce hospital transfers and
 ensure high quality care locally. Design: A pragmatic and modified cluster
 randomized stepped-wedge trial with randomization on nursing home level.
 Participants: 330 cases in 296 nursing home residents from 30 nursing
 homes were included. Cases were patients provided intravenous antibiotics
 or intravenous fluids, in nursing home or hospital. Primary outcome was
 localization of treatment, secondary outcomes were number of days treated,
 days of hospitalization among admitted patients, type of antibiotics used
 and 30-day mortality. Intervention: The nursing homes sequentially
 received a one-day educational program for the health workers including
 theory and practical training in intravenous treatment of dehydration and
 infection, run by two skilled nurses. After completing the training
 program, the nursing homes had competence to provide intravenous treatment
 locally. Results: The intervention had a highly significant effect on
 treatment in nursing homes (OR 8.35, 2.08 to 33.6; P&lt;0.01, or RR
 2.23, 1.48 to 2.56). The number treated in nursing homes was stable over
 time; the number treated in hospital gradually decreased (chi square for
 trend P&lt; 0.001). Among patients receiving intravenous antibiotics
 in the nursing homes, 50 (46%) died within 30 days, compared to 30 (36%)
 treated in the hospital (P=0.19). Among patients receiving intravenous
 fluids locally, 21 (19%) died within 30 days, compared to 2 (8%) in the
 hospital group (P=0.34). Mortality was associated with reduced
 consciousness and elevated c-reactive protein. Conclusions: A brief
 educational program delivered to nursing home personnel was feasible and
 effective in reducing acute hospital admissions from nursing homes for
 treatment of dehydration and infections.
description: Underlying data to PLOS
 ONEThe data file is in SPSS
 format (.dat file). It contains all data used for analyses in the
 manuscript, in addition to explanations of the different data fields and
 coding, all in English.