DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2p0n
title: Flexibility of metabolic rate to temperature coincides with diapause strategy

description: During dormancy, insects operate on a fixed energy budget and suppress
 metabolic rate to extend the duration that their energy reserves last.
 Extending energy stores to last an entire winter can pose a significant
 challenge, as some habitats have winters that last most of the year. There
 are cases where insects enter dormancy in mid-summer and remain until the
 following spring. This multi-season dormancy should pose an even more
 significant energetic challenge, since these insects must conserve energy
 during winter, as well as the warmest period of summer. We compared
 metabolic rate-temperature curves of two related species of Pierid
 butterflies: Pieris napi, which is dormant through winter, and Anthocharis
 cardamines, which exhibits a multi-season dormancy. This comparison was
 conducted at several time points under 18°C and 2°C acclimation
 conditions. We found that A. cardamines can maintain considerable
 metabolic suppression when acclimated to high temperatures, which is only
 maintained until they are exposed to low temperatures. Overall P. napi
 exhibits much lower levels of metabolic plasticity. Metabolic suppression
 exhibited in A. cardamines is enough to prevent increased rates of mass
 loss at high temperatures. Together, this provides evidence that both
 environment and life history timing of dormancy can shape metabolic
 plasticity.
description: # Flexibility of metabolic rate to temperature coincides with diapause
 mode Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2p0n](10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2p0n) ##
 Description of the data and file structure Respiration and mass data of
 diapausing *Anthocharis cardamines* and *Pieris napi* pupae that are
 acclimated to cold (2C) or warm (18C) at several time points after
 pupation. ### Files and variables #### File: Ac_Pn_analysis.R
 **Description:** This is the R script used for the statistical analyses
 used. Each section corresponds with the matching section in the
 manuscript. The order of models matches the order that the stats are
 described in each section. #### File: Ac_Pn_mass.csv **Description:** This
 file contains the mass data of each species through the experiment. #####
 Variables * id: individual identification * species: species, AC =
 Anthocharis cardamines, PN = Pieris napi * treatment60: temperature
 treatment from days 30-60 after pupation. In degrees centigrade *
 treatment90: temperature treatments from days 60-90 after pupation. In
 degrees centigrade * treatment: total treatment combination. ww = 18C for
 all days; wc = 0-60d 18C and 60-90d 2C; cw = 0-30d 18C, 30-60d 2C, 60-90d
 18C; cc = 18C for 0-30d and 2C for 30-90d * mass.30: mass after 30 days in
 mg * mass.60: mass after 60 days in mg * mass.90: mass after 90 days in mg
 * dead: if individual died during experiment, 1 for yes, 0 for no. ####
 File: Ac_Pn_resp.csv **Description:** This file contains the respiration
 data used in this study for both species. ##### Variables * id: individual
 identification * species: species, AC = Anthocharis cardamines, PN =
 Pieris napi * treatment60: temperature treatment from days 30-60 after
 pupation. In degrees centigrade * treatment90: temperature treatment from
 days 60-90 after pupation. In degrees centigrade * treatment: total
 treatment combination. ww = 18C for all days; wc = 0-60d 18C and 60-90d
 2C; cw = 0-30d 18C, 30-60d 2C, 60-90d 18C; cc = 18C for 0-30d and 2C for
 30-90d * group: treatment up to that point in time. Same as treatment, but
 for 30 days all are w (18C), for 60 days only has treatment of previous 30
 days w (18C) and c (2C). * mass: mass in mg * temp: temperature that co2
 measurement was taken. In degrees centigrade * time: when measurements
 began * vco2: rate of co2 production in ul/ml ## Code/software R version
 4.3.1 packages: nlme version 3.1-163 lme4 version 1.1-34 lmerTest version
 3.1-3