cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.07950
title: Data from: O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid-diploid seaweed Chrondrus crispus

description: The link between life history traits and mating systems in diploid
 organisms has been extensively addressed in the literature, whereas the
 degree of selfing and/or inbreeding in natural populations of
 haploid–diploid organisms, in which haploid gametophytes alternate with
 diploid sporophytes, has been rarely measured. Dioecy has often been used
 as a proxy for the mating system in these organisms. Yet, dioecy does not
 prevent the fusion of gametes from male and female gametophytes
 originating from the same sporophyte. This is likely a common occurrence
 when spores from the same parent are dispersed in clumps and recruit
 together. This pattern of clumped spore dispersal has been hypothesized to
 explain significant heterozygote deficiency in the dioecious
 haploid–diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus. Fronds and cystocarps
 (structures in which zygotes are mitotically amplified) were sampled in
 two 25 m2 plots located within a high and a low intertidal zone and
 genotyped at 5 polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to explore the
 mating system directly using paternity analyses. Multiple males sired
 cystocarps on each female, but only one of the 423 paternal genotypes
 corresponded to a field-sampled gametophyte. Nevertheless, larger kinship
 coefficients were detected between males siring cystocarps on the same
 female in comparison with males in the entire population, confirming
 restricted spermatial and clumped spore dispersal. Such dispersal
 mechanisms may be a mode of reproductive assurance due to nonmotile
 gametes associated with putatively reduced effects of inbreeding
 depression because of the free-living haploid stage in C. crispus.
description: Female and cystocarpic
 genotypesAn excel file with the
 "artificially" diploid female gametophytic genotype and the
 accompanying cystocarps.Dryad_genotypes.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q4p07
title: Data from: Spatial patterns of self-recruitment of a coral reef fish in relation to island-scale retention mechanisms

description: Oceanographic features influence the transport and delivery of marine
 larvae, and physical retention mechanisms, such as eddies, can enhance
 self-recruitment (i.e. the return of larvae to their natal population).
 Knowledge of exact locations of hatching (origin) and settlement (arrival)
 of larvae of reef animals provides a means to compare observed patterns of
 self-recruitment ‘connectivity’ with those expected from water circulation
 patterns. Using parentage inference based on multiple sampling years in
 Moorea, French Polynesia, we describe spatial and temporal variation in
 self-recruitment of the anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus, evaluate the
 consistency of net dispersal distances of self-recruits against the null
 expectation of passive particle dispersal and test the hypothesis that
 larvae originating in certain reef habitats (lagoons and passes) would be
 retained and thus more likely to self-recruit than those originating on
 the outer (fore) reef. Estimates of known self-recruitment were consistent
 across the sampling years (~25–27% of sampled recruits). For most (88%) of
 these self-recruits, the net distance between hatching and settlement
 locations was within the maximum dispersal distance expected for a
 neutrally buoyant passive particle based on the longest duration of the
 larval dispersive phase and the average direction and speed of current
 flow around Moorea. Furthermore, a parent of a given body size on the
 outer (fore) reef of Moorea was less likely to produce self-recruits than
 those in passes. Our findings show that even a simple dispersal model
 based on net average flow and direction of alongshore currents can provide
 insight into landscape-scale retention patterns of reef fishes.
description: SSR data for spatial
 patterns of self-recruitment of a coral reef fish in relation to
 island-scale retention mechanismsBeldadeetal2016_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13p0s
title: Data from: High-productivity vegetation is important for lessening bird declines during prolonged drought

description: 1.Locations in which ecological assemblages show high resistance to
 climate pressures, such as drought, are likely to be important refuges for
 biota in changing climates. We asked whether environmental characteristics
 of locations were associated with the capacity of bird assemblages to
 withstand prolonged drought. 2.We used a multi-species index to quantify
 trends in bird assemblages during a 13-year drought at &gt;500
 locations (&gt;18,000 surveys) in the Murray-Darling Basin, south
 eastern Australia, using data from the Atlas of Australian Birds. We
 investigated whether the resistance of bird assemblages was associated
 with: (1) vegetation structure; (2) vegetation productivity (vegetation
 greenness); (3) landscape context (patch size, landscape vegetation
 cover); or (4) physical environment (elevation, terrain, topography,
 availability of surface water). 3.Vegetation productivity, measured by
 vegetation greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), was the
 only potential predictor with strong evidence of an effect, and was
 positively associated with the index of drought resistance. There was
 little evidence that variables characterising landscape context,
 vegetation structure or the physical environment of sites were associated
 with drought resistance of bird communities. 4.Synthesis and applications.
 Bird assemblages in locations with high vegetation greenness are more
 resistant to severe drought. Prioritizing conservation investments in
 areas with locally high vegetation productivity is likely to be an
 effective strategy for increasing the resistance of bird assemblages to
 extreme drought, especially in areas where mean productivity is relatively
 low, such as arid and semi-arid regions. Remotely sensed vegetation
 greenness may be a promising source of information for identifying drought
 refuges for birds and possibly other biota.
description: Input
 dataDRIdata.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b58vg
title: Data from: Age-related parasite load and longevity patterns in the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus

description: We report the results from a nine-year study on parasite infection in
 males of a small migrant passerine, the sedge warbler Acrocephalus
 schoenobaenus. Every year, for each male caught during territory
 establishment we estimated infection intensity of two lineages of
 Haemoproteus belopolskyi (SW1 and SW3), using molecular methods. We found
 a significant relationship between infection intensity and males’
 longevity in both studied lineages. There was severe mortality of
 second-year sedge warblers after their first breeding season, with lower
 parasite load in survivors. The lower infection intensity in older age
 classes was related to between-individual change in both lineages, but was
 also a result of differences in infection intensity during the lifetime of
 individual males in the SW3. The relation between parasite load and
 longevity suggests that parasite load may be an age-dependent factor
 influencing individual survival.
description: Parasites and longevity
 data.File contains all data
 necessary to perform analysis presented in the
 publilcation.Data1_Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v57471h
title: Data from: The early-life environment and individual plasticity in life history

description: We tested whether the early-life environment can influence the extent of
 individual plasticity in a life history trait. We asked: can the
 early-life environment explain why, in response to the same adult
 environmental cue, some individuals invest more than others in current
 reproduction? And can it additionally explain why investment in current
 reproduction trades off against survival in some individuals, but is
 positively correlated with survival in others? We addressed these
 questions using the burying beetle, which breeds on small carcasses and
 sometimes carries phoretic mites. These mites breed alongside the beetle,
 on the same resource, and are a key component of the beetle’s early-life
 environment. We exposed female beetles to mites twice during their lives:
 during their development as larvae, and again as adults during their first
 reproductive event. We measured investment in current reproduction by
 quantifying average larval mass, and recorded the female’s lifespan after
 breeding to quantify survival. We found no effect of either developing or
 breeding alongside mites on female reproductive investment, on her
 lifespan, nor did developing alongside mites influence her size. In post
 hoc analyses, where we considered number of mites (rather than their mere
 presence/absence) on the female’s adult breeding event, we found that
 females invested more in current reproduction when exposed to greater mite
 densities during reproduction, but only if they had been exposed to mites
 during development as well. Otherwise they invested less in larvae at
 greater mite densities. Furthermore, females that had developed with mites
 exhibited a trade-off between investment in current reproduction and
 future survival, whereas these traits were positively correlated in
 females that had developed without mites. The early-life environment thus
 generates individual variation in life history plasticity. We discuss
 whether this is because mites influence the resources available to
 developing young or serve as important environmental cues.
description: life_history_plasticity_laboratory_experimentData from the laboratory experiment.life_history_field_experimentData from the field experiment.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b33q0
title: Data from: The sexual selection paradigm: have we overlooked other mechanisms in the evolution of male ornaments?

description: Extravagant male ornaments expressed during reproduction are almost
 invariably assumed to be sexually selected and evolve through competition
 for mating opportunities. Yet in species where male reproductive success
 depends on the defence of offspring, male ornaments could also evolve
 through social competition for offspring survival. However, in contrast to
 female ornaments, this possibility has received little attention in males.
 We show that a male ornament that is traditionally assumed to be sexually
 selected—the red nuptial coloration of the three-spined stickleback—is
 under stronger selection for offspring survival than for mating success.
 Males express most coloration during parenting, when they no longer
 attract females, and the colour correlates with nest retention and
 hatching success but not with attractiveness to females. This contradicts
 earlier assumptions and suggests that social selection for offspring
 survival rather than for sexual selection for mating success is the main
 mechanism maintaining the ornament in the population. These results
 suggest that we should consider other forms of social selection beyond
 sexual selection when seeking to explain the function and evolution of
 male ornaments. An incorrect assignment of selection pressures could
 hamper our understanding of evolution.
description: Candolin & Tukiainen
 Red area and intensity
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7b6t9
title: Data from: Genetic inviability is a major driver of type-III survivorship in experimental families of a highly fecund marine bivalve

description: The offspring of most highly fecund marine fish and shellfish suffer
 substantial mortality early in the life cycle, complicating prediction of
 recruitment and fisheries management. Early mortality has long been
 attributed to environmental factors and almost never to genetic sources.
 Previous work on a variety of marine bivalve species uncovered substantial
 genetic inviability among the offspring of inbred crosses, suggesting a
 large load of early-acting deleterious recessive mutations. However,
 genetic inviability of randomly bred offspring has not been addressed.
 Here, genome-wide surveys reveal widespread, genotype-dependent mortality
 in randomly bred, full-sib progenies of wild-caught Pacific oysters
 (Crassostrea gigas). Using gene-mapping methods, we infer that 11-19
 detrimental alleles per family render 97.9-99.8% of progeny inviable. The
 variable genomic positions of viability loci among families imply a
 surprisingly large load of partially dominant or additive detrimental
 mutations in wild adult oysters. Although caution is required in
 interpreting the relevance of experimental results for natural field
 environments, we argue that the observed genetic inviability corresponds
 with type III survivorship, which is characteristic of both hatchery and
 field environments and that our results, therefore, suggest the need for
 additional experiments under the near-natural conditions of mesocosms. We
 explore the population genetic implications of our results, calculating a
 detrimental mutation rate that is comparable to that estimated for
 conifers and other highly fecund perennial plants. Genetic inviability
 ought to be considered as a potential major source of low and variable
 recruitment in highly fecund marine animals.
description: Genotype data for four
 full-sib families of Pacific oyster Plough et al.
 12-1-15Genotype data for
 parents (Sire/Dam) and offspring (Pro-1,2,3, etc), arranged by
 cross/family in 4 separate tabs. Data are in Join map format (CP or cross
 pollinator type) with the Sire and Dam highlighted in bold. Marker names
 run across the top in row 2 (ID). Additional information on each marker
 (e.g. the marker class/type and genotyping platform used) can be found in
 the supplementary information from Plough et al. 2016.Dryad Genotype data Plough et
 al 12-1-15.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fq064
title: Data from: Relative selectivity of plant cardenolides for Na+/K+-ATPases from the monarch butterfly and non-resistant insects

description: A major prediction of coevolutionary theory is that plants may target
 particular herbivores with secondary compounds that are selectively
 defensive. The highly specialized monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
 copes well with cardiac glycosides (inhibitors of animal Na+/K+-ATPases)
 from its milkweed host plants, but selective inhibition of its
 Na+/K+-ATPase by different compounds has not been previously tested. We
 applied 17 cardiac glycosides to the D. plexippus-Na+/K+-ATPase and to the
 more susceptible Na+/K+-ATPases of two non-adapted insects (Euploea core
 and Schistocerca gregaria). Structural features (e.g., sugar residues)
 predicted in vitro inhibitory activity and comparison of insect
 Na+/K+-ATPases revealed that the monarch has evolved a highly resistant
 enzyme overall. Nonetheless, we found evidence for relative selectivity of
 individual cardiac glycosides reaching from 4- to 94-fold differences of
 inhibition between non-adapted Na+/K+-ATPase and D.
 plexippus-Na+/K+-ATPase. This toxin receptor specificity suggests a
 mechanism how plants could target herbivores selectively and thus provides
 a strong basis for pairwise coevolutionary interactions between plants and
 herbivorous insects.
description: Photometric raw data
 (absorbances) and computed inhibition data (percentages)Please see readme
 file.Petschenka et al._absorbances
 and percentages.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p8g3r
title: Data from: Migrate small, sound big: functional constraints on body size promote tracheal elongation in cranes

description: Organismal traits often represent the outcome of opposing selection
 pressures. While social or sexual selection can cause the evolution of
 traits that constrain function or survival (e.g., ornamental feathers), it
 is unclear how the strength and direction of selection respond to
 ecological shifts that increase the severity of the constraint. For
 example, reduced body size might evolve by natural selection to enhance
 flight performance in migratory birds, but social or sexual selection
 favoring large body size may provide a countervailing force. Tracheal
 elongation is a potential outcome of these opposing pressures because it
 allows birds to convey an auditory signal of exaggerated body size. We
 predicted that the evolution of migration in cranes has coincided with a
 reduction of body size and a concomitant intensification of social or
 sexual selection for apparent large body size via tracheal elongation. We
 used a phylogenetic comparative approach to examine the relationships
 among migration distance, body mass, and trachea length in cranes. As
 predicted, we found that migration distance correlated negatively with
 body size and positively with proportional trachea length. This result was
 consistent with our hypothesis that evolutionary reductions in body size
 led to intensified selection for trachea length. The most likely ultimate
 causes of intensified positive selection on trachea length are the direct
 benefits of conveying a large body size in intraspecific contests for
 mates and territories. We conclude that the strength of social or sexual
 selection on crane body size is linked to the degree of functional
 constraint.
description: G. c. canadensis and G.
 c. tabida specimens used for trachea and body size
 measurementsSpecimens are housed in
 the Division of Birds in the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB).
 Weblinks to Arctos database specimen records (including additional
 ancillary specimen data) are provided for each catalog
 number.Jones&Witt_JEB_TableS1.pdfNewick format tree of GruidaeBranch lengths are in millions of years. Krajewski et al. (2010) calculated divergence dates in parallel analyses using a standard deviation of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 on the lognormal priors of the age calibration points based on crane fossil records. We used branch lengths derived from 0.5 standard deviation because it produced a highly resolved topology, however still with a polytomy comprising nodes 12.5 and 11. We used the median value of the 95% highest posterior density interval as our branch length for node 12.5 to resolve the tree.Jones&Witt_JEB_AppendixS1.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r3d70m9
title: Data from: Moving from frugivory to seed dispersal: incorporating the functional outcomes of interactions in plant-frugivore networks

description: 1.There is growing interest in understanding the functional outcomes of
 species interactions in ecological networks. For many mutualistic
 networks, including pollination and seed dispersal networks, interactions
 are generally sampled by recording animal foraging visits to plants.
 However, these visits may not reflect actual pollination or seed dispersal
 events, despite these typically being the ecological processes of
 interest. 2.Frugivorous animals can act as seed dispersers, by swallowing
 entire fruits and dispersing their seeds, or as pulp peckers or seed
 predators, by pecking fruits to consume pieces of pulp or seeds. These
 processes have opposing consequences for plant reproductive success.
 Therefore, equating visitation with seed dispersal could lead to biased
 inferences about the ecology, evolution and conservation of seed dispersal
 mutualisms. 3.Here we use natural history information on the functional
 outcomes of pairwise bird‐plant interactions to examine changes in the
 structure of seven European plant‐frugivore visitation networks after
 non‐mutualistic interactions (pulp‐pecking and seed predation) have been
 removed. Following existing knowledge of the contrasting structures of
 mutualistic and antagonistic networks, we hypothesised a number of changes
 following interaction removal, such as increased nestedness and lower
 specialisation. 4.Non‐mutualistic interactions with pulp peckers and seed
 predators occurred in all seven networks, accounting for 21–48% of all
 interactions and 6–24% of total interaction frequency. When
 non‐mutualistic interactions were removed, there were significant
 increases in network‐level metrics such as connectance and nestedness,
 while robustness decreased. These changes were generally small, homogenous
 and driven by decreases in network size. Conversely, changes in
 species‐level metrics were more variable and sometimes large, with
 significant decreases in plant degree, interaction frequency,
 specialisation and resilience to animal extinctions, and significant
 increases in frugivore species strength. 5.Visitation data can
 overestimate the actual frequency of seed dispersal services in
 plant‐frugivore networks. We show here that incorporating natural history
 information on the functions of species interactions can bring us closer
 to understanding the processes and functions operating in ecological
 communities. Our categorical approach lays the foundation for future work
 quantifying functional interaction outcomes along a mutualism–antagonism
 continuum, as documented in other frugivore faunas.
description: Classification of
 European bird-plant frugivore interactionsThe file contains
 classifications of European bird-plant frugivore interactions as seed
 dispersal, pulp pecking or seed predation based on literature sources or
 (when no sources were available) inferred based on interactions with
 similar plant species or congeneric species.interaction_classification.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1758mf7b
title: Data from: Resilience and regime change in a southern Rocky Mountain ecosystem during the past 17000 years

description: Paleoecological records indicate that subalpine forests in western North
 America have been resilient in response to multiple influences, including
 severe droughts, insect outbreaks, and widely varying fire regimes, over
 many millennia. One hypothesis for explaining this ecosystem resilience
 centers on the disruption of forest dynamics by frequent disturbance and
 climatic variability, and the resulting development of non- steady-state
 regimes dominated by early-succession conifers with broad climatic
 tolerances, such as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.
 ex Wats.). To evaluate this hypothesis, we independently reconstructed the
 vegetation, fire, and effective-moisture histories of a small, forested
 watershed at 2890-m elevation in southeastern Wyoming, using sedimentary
 pollen and charcoal counts in conjunction with sedimentary lake-level
 indicators. The data indicate that prominent vegetation shifts (from
 sagebrush steppe to spruce-fir parkland at ca. 10.7 ka and spruce-fir
 parkland to pine-dominated forest at ca. 8.5 ka) coincided with changes in
 effective moisture. However, after lodgepole pine forests established at
 ca. 8.5 ka, similar hydroclimatic changes did not produce detectable
 vegetation responses. Fire history data show that other aspects of the
 ecosystem were responsive to changes in effective moisture at centennial
 timescales with prolonged fire-free episodes coinciding with periods of
 low effective moisture ca. 7.2-5.6 and 3.7-1.6 ka. Throughout our record,
 the ratio of ecosystem perturbation time (i.e., fire frequency and changes
 in effective moisture) to recovery time (assuming 200-600 year
 successional processes) falls within estimates of the ratio for non-steady
 state ecosystems. Frequent perturbations, therefore, may have prevented
 this ecosystem from reaching compositional equilibrium with the varied
 climatic conditions over the past 8.5 ka. Equilibrium states could have
 included more abundant spruce (Picea spp.) and fir (Abies spp.) than
 presently observed based on brief increases in pollen abundances of these
 taxa during prolonged dry, fire-free intervals. Our results show that
 although current climate changes favor widespread disturbance in Rocky
 Mountain forests, the composition of these ecosystems could be highly
 resilient and recover through successional dynamics over the next few
 decades to centuries.
description: LWHPollen09Excel file with depths and ages of samples, and percentage values for all taxa identified. Data may also be found on the NOAA paleclimatology website for fossil and modern pollen: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pollen.htmlLWH CHAR RAWExcel File containing raw charcoal counts for Little Windy Hill Pond. Data are related to drive depth (of core), absolute depth, age of sample, charcoal counts, and macrofossils identified.