DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31078945.v1
title: Climate change will enhance hypercapnic hypoxia threatening mangrove habitats

description: The global dataset includes time series observations from 23 mangrove tidal channels (Figure 1a). Two sites were located in North America (Reithmaier et al., 2020), five in Latin America (Cabral et al., 2024a; Cabral et al., 2024b; Call et al., 2019b; Ray et al., 2020), two in Africa (Bouillon et al., 2007), six in Asia (Borges et al., 2003; Call et al., 2019a; Linto et al., 2014; Reithmaier et al., 2023; Tomer et al., 2025), and eight in Australia (Cotovicz Jr et al., 2024; Santos et al., 2019; Sippo et al., 2016; Tomer et al., 2025). For inclusion in the analysis, we required temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO<sub>2</sub>), sampled at one-hour intervals (or more frequent) over at least 24 hours (Table S2). Loggers were deployed in tidal channels adjacent to mangrove forests. Instrument details and analytical accuracy are available in the original studies.Borges, A., et al. (2003), Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> flux from mangrove surrounding waters, <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, <i>30</i>(11). doi:10.1029/2003GL017143Bouillon, S., et al. (2007), Importance of intertidal sediment processes and porewater exchange on the water column biogeochemistry in a pristine mangrove creek (Ras Dege, Tanzania), <i>Biogeosciences</i>, <i>4</i>(3), 311-322. doi:10.5194/bg-4-311-2007Cabral, A., et al. (2024a), Tidally driven porewater exchange and diel cycles control CO2 fluxes in mangroves on local and global scales, <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</i>, <i>374</i>, 121-135. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2024.04.020Cabral, A., et al. (2024b), Large porewater‐derived carbon outwelling across mangrove seascapes revealed by radium isotopes, <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</i>, <i>129</i>(9), e2024JC021319. doi:10.1029/2024JC021319Call, M., C. J. Sanders, P. A. Macklin, I. R. Santos, &D. T. Maher (2019a), Carbon outwelling and emissions from two contrasting mangrove creeks during the monsoon storm season in Palau, Micronesia, <i>Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science</i>, <i>218</i>, 340-348. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2019.01.002Call, M., et al. (2019b), High pore-water derived CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from a macro-tidal mangrove creek in the Amazon region, <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</i>, <i>247</i>, 106-120. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.12.029Cotovicz Jr, L. C., et al. (2024), Methane oxidation minimizes emissions and offsets to carbon burial in mangroves, <i>Nature Climate Change</i>, <i>14</i>(3), 275-281. doi:10.1038/s41558-024-01927-1Linto, N., et al. (2014), Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from mangrove-associated waters of the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, <i>Estuaries and Coasts</i>, <i>37</i>(2), 381-398. doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9674-4Ray, R., et al. (2020), Mangrove‐derived organic and inorganic carbon exchanges between the Sinnamary estuarine system (French Guiana, South America) and the Atlantic Ocean, <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences</i>, <i>125</i>, e2020JG005739. doi:10.1029/2020JG005739Reithmaier, G. M. S., D. T. Ho, S. Johnston, &D. T. Maher (2020), Mangroves as a source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and alkalinity and dissolved carbon to the coastal ocean: A case study from the Everglades National Park, Florida, <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences</i>, <i>125</i>, e2020JG005812. doi:10.1029/2020JG005812Reithmaier, G. M. S., et al. (2022), Inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes drives coastal acidification, PANGAEA. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.949660Santos, I. R., D. T. Maher, R. Larkin, J. R. Webb, &C. J. Sanders (2019), Carbon outwelling and outgassing vs. burial in an estuarine tidal creek surrounded by mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands, <i>Limnology and Oceanography</i>, <i>64</i>(3), 996-1013. doi:10.1002/lno.11090Sippo, J. Z., D. T. Maher, D. R. Tait, C. Holloway, &I. R. Santos (2016), Are mangroves drivers or buffers of coastal acidification? Insights from alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon export estimates across a latitudinal transect, <i>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</i>, <i>30</i>(5), 753-766. doi:10.1002/2015gb005324Tomer, A. S., et al. (2024), Global data for SGD and CO<sub>2</sub>, NIAID Data Ecosystem. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10491454<br>