cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rd2
title: Data from: Evaluating the target‐tracking performance of scanning avian radars by augmenting data with simulated echoes

description: 1. Small scanning radars have been used for many years to track the
 movements of insects, birds, and bats. While the ability to track multiple
 flying animals simultaneously has numerous applications in basic ecology
 and applied conservation, translating radar tracks into accurate animal
 densities and fluxes requires estimates of detection and tracking
 probabilities. These can be challenging to determine, especially in
 environments with variable background clutter. 2. In order to assess radar
 tracking probabilities, we added echoes from simulated bird tracks to
 sequences of scans collected with an X-band marine radar at a colony of
 common and roseate terns (Sterna hirundo and S. dougallii) on Great Gull
 Island, New York, USA in the summers of 2014 and 2015. Automated
 detection, classification, and tracking algorithms were used to extract
 the trajectories of terns from the radar data. The proportion of simulated
 tracks recovered by these procedures could then be used to estimate the
 tracking probabilities for real birds. Stationary telescope transects
 provided visual ground-truth. 3. The radar could track individual birds up
 to 3 km away, performing best between 0.5-1.2 km, where 38% of simulated
 birds were correctly detected and tracked in each scan. Overall, 94% of
 all simulated birds were tracked over at least part of their trajectories.
 Tracking performance was limited by weak bird echoes, backscatter from the
 sea surface, and the inherent challenges of multi-target tracking. 4. This
 simulation-based method provides a low-cost, flexible approach for
 estimating radar tracking probabilities in complex, cluttered
 environments. Knowledge of these probabilities in turn allows the animal
 densities and fluxes to be corrected for imperfect detection. Despite
 their limitations, small scanning radars can track hundreds of birds
 simultaneously over 10s of km2, giving a view of animal movement
 unavailable with other techniques.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dncjsxkvz
title: Population genomic structure in Goodman's mouse lemur reveals long-standing separation of Madagascar’s Central Highlands and eastern rainforests

description: Madagascar’s Central Highlands are largely composed of grasslands,
 interspersed with patches of forest. The pre-human extent of these
 grasslands is a topic of vigorous debate, with conventional wisdom holding
 that they are anthropogenic in nature and emerging evidence supporting
 that grasslands were a component of the pre-human Central Highlands
 vegetation. Here, we shed light on the temporal dynamics of Madagascar’s
 vegetative composition by conducting a population genomic investigation of
 Goodman’s mouse lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara; Cheirogaleidae). These
 small-bodied primates occur both in Madagascar’s eastern rainforests and
 in the Central Highlands, which makes them a valuable indicator species.
 Population divergences among forest-dwelling mammals can serve as a proxy
 for habitat fragmentation and patterns of post-divergence gene flow can
 reveal potential migration corridors consistent with a wooded grassland
 mosiac. We used RADseq data to infer phylogenetic relationships,
 population structure, demographic models of post-divergence gene flow, and
 population size change through time. These analyses offer evidence that
 open habitats are an ancient component of the Central Highlands, and that
 wide-spread forest fragmentation occurred naturally during a period of
 decreased precipitation near the last glacial maximum. Models of gene flow
 suggest that migration across the Central Highlands has been possible from
 the Pleistocene through the recent Holocene via riparian corridors.
 Notably, though our findings support the hypothesis that Central Highland
 grasslands predate human arrival, we also find evidence for human-mediated
 population declines. This highlights the extent to which species
 imminently threatened by human-mediated deforestation may be more
 vulnerable from paleoclimatic changes.
description: Read the publication Tiley, van Elst, et al. (2022). 
    
description: Configuration files for analyses are separated by the programs
 used for them. Some README files are available where
 appropriate.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb5nn
title: Egg size is unrelated to ambient temperature in the opportunistically breeding zebra finch

description: In many birds, there is significant variation in egg size both across and
 within clutches that remains to be explained. Birds lay one egg per day
 and in hot climates, the first laid eggs may start to develop before the
 laying of the rest of the clutch is complete, through warming by the
 ambient air temperature. Here, we test the hypothesis that in hot
 conditions, skews in egg size across the laying sequence may be more
 pronounced, as females use egg size to compensate for hatching asynchrony,
 providing a higher level of provisioning to the later laid eggs that would
 hatch later due to ambient incubation. We have focused on the zebra finch
 (Taeniopygia guttata), a species that typically breeds over an extended
 period of the year, and therefore across a particularly wide range of
 ambient temperatures. We characterised the variation in egg size using
 data from over 700 clutches, including historical specimens, a wild
 population, and both domesticated and wild birds breeding in captivity, in
 addition to clutches produced experimentally in controlled-temperature
 rooms. Here, we document significant variation in egg size between and
 within clutches, with eggs increasing in size over the laying order, with
 both maternal identity and population differences playing an important
 role (domesticated birds laid eggs that were much larger than their wild
 counterparts). However, we found no support for the idea that variation in
 egg size either within a clutch, and across clutches and populations, is
 related to variation in ambient temperature, despite the large range of
 thermal environments experienced during laying. In conclusion, whilst egg
 size is clearly a labile characteristic there is no evidence this is
 flexibly adjusted to local ambient temperatures before and during laying.
description: Details in full paper
description: File contains all the data to run the Analyses that are described
 in the supplementary R code file "Griffith et al_Egg
 size_R_code_190814.Rmd". There is one data frame in the supplementary
 data file (Sup_Data_ZBs_EggSize_190814.xlsx) that can be saved into an
 individual CSV file using the same file name as the tab name so that the
 supplementary code can be easily followed for importing the data to
 R. Find more details in read me in second worksheet of
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z34tmpg8v
title: Prey-switching does not protect a generalist turtle from bioenergetic consequences when its preferred food is scarce

description: Background: Optimal foraging theory explains how animals
 make foraging decisions based on the availability, nutritional content,
 and handling times of different food types. Generalists solve
 this problem by consuming a variety of food types, and switch between them
 with relative ease. Specialists eat few food types, and
 may starve if those food types are not available. We integrated
 stable isotope analyses with previously-published stomach
 contents and environmental data to investigate how the
 foraging ecologies of three sympatric freshwater turtle species
 vary across four wetlands that differ in turbidity and primary
 producer abundance.   Results: We found that
 the
 generalist Emydura macquarii consumes a varied diet (but mostly filamentous green algae) when primary producers are available and water is clear, but switches to a more carnivorous diet when primary producers are scarce, following the predictions of optimal foraging theory. In contrast, two more-specialized carnivorous species, Chelodina expansa and Chelodina longicollis, do not differ in diet across wetlands, and interspecific competition may increase where E. macquarii is carnivorous. When forced to be more carnivorous, E. macquarii exhibits higher rates of empty stomachs, and female turtles have reduced body condition, but neither Chelodina species are affected.   Conclusions: Our results provide support for optimal foraging theory, but also show that the ability to change diet does not protect the generalist from experiencing lower foraging success when its preferred food is rare, with direct consequences for their energy budgets. Our results have conservation implications because wetlands in the Murray-Darling river system are increasingly turbid and have low macrophyte abundance, and all three species are declining.
description: Please see Petrov et al. manuscript for details on data
 collection and analysis
description: Please see uploaded ReadMe file
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wpqnu6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 149 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Emmelichthys nitidus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "DecimalLatitude is greater than -90",
 "DecimalLatitude is less than 90",
 "DecimalLongitude is greater than -180",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2015"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 149 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002188-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.24gpex
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 315 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-122.28791 36.58951,-120.46029 33.68827,-117.19598 33.68368,-115.09445 36.67143,-116.1253 36.57158,-122.28791 36.58951))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Antilocapra"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 315 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002189-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrv4q
title: The roles of aridification and sea level changes in the diversification and persistence of freshwater fish lineages

description: While the influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on divergence and
 speciation has been well-documented across the globe, complex spatial
 interactions between hydrology and eustatics over longer timeframes may
 also determine species evolutionary trajectories. Within the
 Australian continent, glacial cycles were not associated with
 changes in ice cover and instead largely resulted in fluctuations from
 moist to arid conditions across the landscape. Here, we investigate the
 role of hydrological and coastal topographic changes brought about by
 Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes on the biogeographic history of a small
 Australian freshwater fish, the southern pygmy perch Nannoperca australis.
 Using 7,958 ddRAD-seq (double digest restriction-site associated DNA) loci
 and 45,104 filtered SNPs, we combined phylogenetic, coalescent and species
 distribution analyses to investigate the various roles of aridification,
 sea level and tectonics and associated biogeographic changes across
 southeast Australia. Sea-level changes since the Pliocene and reduction or
 disappearance of large waterbodies throughout the Pleistocene were
 determining factors in strong divergence across the clade, including the
 initial formation and maintenance of a cryptic species, N. ‘flindersi’.
 Isolated climatic refugia and fragmentation due to lack of connected
 waterways maintained the identity and divergence of inter- and
 intraspecific lineages. Our historical findings suggest that predicted
 increases in aridification and sea level due to anthropogenic climate
 change might result in markedly different demographic impacts, both
 spatially and across different landscape types.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18394703
title: SYNTHESIS OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS BY SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE

description:  This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of nanocomposite material synthesis by sol–gel technology and examines the prospects for using such materials in modern medicine. The concepts of nanotechnology and nanocomposite materials, in particular nano-scale biomaterials (nanobiomaterials), and their roles in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and medical imaging are discussed in detail. The stages of the sol–gel process, mechanisms of stable incorporation of metal-oxide nanoparticles into oxide matrices, and the key parameters that allow control of particle size and morphology (pH, temperature, water-to-precursor ratio R, type of catalyst) are explained from a methodological point of view. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that nanocomposites obtained via sol–gel processing has high scientific and practical potential as drug-carrier platforms, bioactive coatings, bone implants and diagnostic probes. The work provides a comparative review of research conducted by CIS and international scientific schools and presents a systematic discussion of the scientific and technological approaches required for introducing sol–gel nanocomposites into medical practice.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18394704
title: SYNTHESIS OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS BY SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE

description:  This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of nanocomposite material synthesis by sol–gel technology and examines the prospects for using such materials in modern medicine. The concepts of nanotechnology and nanocomposite materials, in particular nano-scale biomaterials (nanobiomaterials), and their roles in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and medical imaging are discussed in detail. The stages of the sol–gel process, mechanisms of stable incorporation of metal-oxide nanoparticles into oxide matrices, and the key parameters that allow control of particle size and morphology (pH, temperature, water-to-precursor ratio R, type of catalyst) are explained from a methodological point of view. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that nanocomposites obtained via sol–gel processing has high scientific and practical potential as drug-carrier platforms, bioactive coatings, bone implants and diagnostic probes. The work provides a comparative review of research conducted by CIS and international scientific schools and presents a systematic discussion of the scientific and technological approaches required for introducing sol–gel nanocomposites into medical practice.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wcd
title: Data from: Adapted dandelions trade dispersal for germination upon root herbivore attack

description: A plant’s offspring may escape unfavourable local conditions through seed
 dispersal. Whether plants use this strategy to escape insect herbivores is
 not well understood. Here, we explore how different dandelion (Taraxacum
 officinale agg.) populations, including diploid outcrossers and triploid
 apomicts, modify seed dispersal in response to root herbivore attack by
 their main root-feeding natural enemy, the larvae of the common cockchafer
 Melolontha melolontha. In a manipulative field experiment, root herbivore
 attack increased seed dispersal potential through a reduction in seed
 weight in populations that evolved under high root herbivore pressure, but
 not in populations that evolved under low pressure. This increase in
 dispersal potential was independent of plant cytotype, but associated with
 a reduction in germination rate, suggesting that adapted dandelions trade
 dispersal for establishment upon attack by root herbivores. Analysis of
 vegetative growth parameters suggested that the increased dispersal
 capacity was not the result of stress flowering. In summary, these results
 suggest that root herbivory selects for an induced increase in dispersal
 ability in response to herbivore attack. Induced seed dispersal may be a
 strategy that allows adapted plants to escape from herbivores.
description: Raw data: vertical seed fallrate; seed parameters collected
 during the main experiment; biomass
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.stqjq2c0g
title: Data from: Metacommunity structure of stream insects across three hierarchical spatial scales

description: A major challenge in community ecology is to understand the underlying
 factors driving metacommunity (i.e. a set of local communities connected
 through species dispersal) dynamics. However, little is known about the
 effects of varying spatial scale on the relative importance of
 environmental and spatial (i.e. dispersal related) factors in shaping
 metacommunities and on the relevance of different dispersal pathways.
 Using a hierarchy of insect metacommunities at three spatial scales (a
 small, within-stream scale, intermediate, among-stream scale, and large,
 among-sub-basin scale), we assessed whether the relative importance of
 environmental and spatial factors shaping metacommunity structure varies
 predictably across spatial scales, and tested how the importance of
 different dispersal routes vary across spatial scales. We also studied if
 different dispersal ability groups differ in the balance between
 environmental and spatial control. Variation partitioning showed that
 environmental factors relative to spatial factors were more important for
 community composition at the within-stream scale. In contrast, spatial
 factors (i.e. eigenvectors from Moran’s eigenvector maps) relative to
 environmental factors were more important at the among-sub-basin scale.
 These results indicate that environmental filtering is likely to be more
 important at the smallest scale with highest connectivity, while dispersal
 limitation seems to be more important at the largest scale with lowest
 connectivity. Community variation at the among-stream and among-sub-basin
 scales were strongly explained by geographical and topographical
 distances, indicating that overland pathways might be the main dispersal
 route at the larger scales among more isolated sites. The relative effect
 of environmental and spatial factors on insect communities varied between
 low and high dispersal ability groups; this variation was inconsistent
 among three hierarchical scales. In sum, our study indicates that spatial
 scale, connectivity and dispersal ability jointly shape stream
 metacommunities.
description: <b>Environmental_variables_and_stream_insect_abundances</b> Environmental and spatial coordinate data for 54 stream sites in the three regions and Taxon-by-sites dataset for the stream insects found in the 54 stream sites in the three regions.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gcwxdx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 145344 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is NHMD Mycology Collection"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 145344 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002173-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vdncjsxqr
title: Nightly selection of resting sites and group behavior reveal anti-predator strategies in giraffe

description: This study presents the first findings on nocturnal behavior patterns of
 wild Angolan giraffe. We characterized their nocturnal behavior and
 analyzed the influence of ecological factors such as group size, season
 and habitat use. Giraffe were observed using night vision systems and
 thermal imaging cameras on Okapuka Ranch, Namibia. A total of 77 giraffe
 were observed during 24 nights over two distinct periods – July-August
 2016 (dry season) and February-March 2017 (wet season). Photoperiod had a
 marked influence on their activity and moving behavior. At dusk, giraffe
 reduced the time spent moving and increasingly lay down and slept at the
 onset of darkness. Body postures that likely correspond to rapid eye
 movement (REM) sleep posture (RSP) were observed 15.8 ± 18.3 min after
 giraffe sat down. Season had a significant effect with longer RSP phases
 during the dry season (dry: 155.2 ± 191.1 sec, n=79; wet: 85.8 ± 94.9 sec,
 n=73). Further analyses of the influence of social behavior patterns did
 not show an effect of group size on RSP lengths. When a group of giraffe
 spent time at a specific resting site, several individuals were alert
 (vigilant) while other group members sat down or took up RSP. Simultaneous
 RSP events within a group were rarely observed. Resting sites were
 characterized by single trees or sparse bushes on open areas allowing for
 good visibility in a relatively sheltered location.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xxqexv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 512 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "PublishingOrg is one of (c2ecae57-6701-485e-9ebd-5f87b2945cb2, f9b67ad0-9c9b-11d9-b9db-b8a03c50a862, 6ea87510-0561-11d8-b851-b8a03c50a862)",
 "TaxonKey is Melanoplus desultorius",
 "Year 1900-2026"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 512 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002190-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j0zpc869m
title: Transcript expression in embryonic myoblasts

description: We characterized gene expression profiles in founder cells
 isolated from Drosophila embryos.
description: Staged, rp298&gt;eGFP embryos were grown at 25C and collected
 at 7-10hr after egg lay. Approximately 200mg of embryos were collected and
 dissociated with elastase. The cell suspension was incubated with Hoechst
 (1μl/ml, Invitrogen), and sorted on a FACSAria cell sorter. Minimum
 fluorescent intensity gates were established for GFP and Hoechst by
 standard methods. GFP+, Hoechst+ cells were collected for the experimental
 population and GFP-, Hoechst+ cells were collected for the control
 population. Immediately after sorting, RNA was extracted with the RNeasy
 Mini kit cDNA libraries were generated with the TruSeq stranded mRNA
 sample library kit. High throughput RNA sequencing was performed using
 50bp single-reads on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system. Three biological
 replicates were sequenced for each cell population.