DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13163766
title: Variations in Rainfall Structure of Western North Pacific Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in Warming Climates

description: This dataset contains the data used in the analyses for the paper titled 'Variations in Rainfall Structure of Western North Pacific Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in Warming Climates', published in Earth's Future. The paper is authored by Thao Linh Tran, Elizabeth A. Ritchie, Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Hai Bui, and Thang M. Luong. Descriptions of the variables included in the data files are provided below.

 

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Data_CMIP6_multimodel_mean_SST_7states.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:    (state: 7, month: 12, lat: 181, lon: 360)

Coordinates:

  * state        (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2030s' 'med2050s''med2090s' 'high2030s' 'high2050s' 'high2090s'

  * month      (month) int64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

  * lat        (lat) int64 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 ... 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

  * lon        (lon) int64 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359

Data variables:

    SST_cmip6  (state, month, lat, lon) float64 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... -1.699 -1.699

 SST_cmip6           (state, month, lat, lon)  CMIP6 multimodel mean of sea surface temperature in each month in 7 climate states (deg Celcius)

 

 

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Data_rain_PW_MFC_2methods_7states_AllTCs.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:      (state: 7, radius: 20, nx: 61, ny: 61)

Coordinates:

  * state        (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2030s' 'med2050s''med2090s' 'high2030s' 'high2050s' 'high2090s'

  * radius       (radius) int64 25 50 75 100 125 150 ... 375 400 425 450 475 500

  * nx           (nx) int64 0 18 36 54 72 90 ... 990 1008 1026 1044 1062 1080

  * ny           (ny) int64 0 18 36 54 72 90 ... 990 1008 1026 1044 1062 1080

Data variables:

    Rain_circle  (state, radius) float64 22.66 24.94 26.54 ... 8.147 7.561 7.041

    Rain_ring    (state, radius) float64 22.66 25.8 27.49 ... 2.689 2.436 2.231

    PW_ring      (state, radius) float64 72.64 73.04 72.37 ... 69.81 68.99 68.27

    MFC_ring     (state, radius) float64 0.01343 0.01539 ... 0.004405 0.004258

    MFC_hoz      (state, nx, ny) float64 0.0002184 0.0003068 ... 0.000167

 Rain_circle         (state, radius)           Areal averaged TC rainfall within radii in 7 climate states calculated by the circle-average method (mm)

 Rain_ring           (state, radius)           Average TC rainfall within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (mm)

 PW_ring             (state, radius)           Average precipitable water within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (kg m-2)

 MFC_ring            (state, radius)           Average moisture flux convergence within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (g m-2 s-1)

 MFC_hoz             (state, nx, ny)           Integrated moisture flux convergence in the boundary layer in 7 climate states (kg m-2 s-1), TC center is located at nx=ny=540 km

 

 

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Data_rain_PW_MFC_2methods_7states_TSs.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:      (state: 7, radius: 20)

Coordinates:

  * state        (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2030s' 'med2050s''med2090s' 'high2030s' 'high2050s' 'high2090s'

  * radius       (radius) int64 25 50 75 100 125 150 ... 375 400 425 450 475 500

Data variables:

    Rain_circle  (state, radius) float64 17.86 16.98 15.74 ... 5.884 5.533 5.215

    Rain_ring    (state, radius) float64 17.86 16.66 14.92 ... 2.704 2.461 2.28

    PW_ring      (state, radius) float64 71.08 70.79 70.14 ... 70.67 69.9 69.22

    MFC_ring     (state, radius) float64 0.00885 0.009635 ... 0.004318 0.004183

 Rain_circle         (state, radius)           Areal averaged TC rainfall within radii in 7 climate states calculated by the circle-average method (mm)

 Rain_ring           (state, radius)           Average TC rainfall within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (mm)

 PW_ring             (state, radius)           Average precipitable water within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (kg m-2)

 MFC_ring            (state, radius)           Average moisture flux convergence within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (g m-2 s-1)

 

 

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Data_rain_PW_MFC_2methods_7states_TYs.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:      (state: 7, radius: 20)

Coordinates:

  * state        (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2030s' 'med2050s''med2090s' 'high2030s' 'high2050s' 'high2090s'

  * radius       (radius) int64 25 50 75 100 125 150 ... 375 400 425 450 475 500

Data variables:

    Rain_circle  (state, radius) float64 21.55 23.26 24.55 ... 8.029 7.459 6.954

    Rain_ring    (state, radius) float64 21.55 23.89 25.27 ... 2.73 2.473 2.273

    PW_ring      (state, radius) float64 72.7 72.73 71.91 ... 69.23 68.42 67.71

    MFC_ring     (state, radius) float64 0.01288 0.01458 ... 0.004363 0.004229

 Rain_circle         (state, radius)           Areal averaged TC rainfall within radii in 7 climate states calculated by the circle-average method (mm)

 Rain_ring           (state, radius)           Average TC rainfall within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (mm)

 PW_ring             (state, radius)           Average precipitable water within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (kg m-2)

 MFC_ring            (state, radius)           Average moisture flux convergence within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (g m-2 s-1)

 

 

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Data_rain_PW_MFC_2methods_7states_STYs.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:      (state: 7, radius: 20)

Coordinates:

  * state        (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2030s' 'med2050s''med2090s' 'high2030s' 'high2050s' 'high2090s'

  * radius       (radius) int64 25 50 75 100 125 150 ... 375 400 425 450 475 500

Data variables:

    Rain_circle  (state, radius) float64 31.83 39.28 44.65 ... 9.905 9.124 8.436

    Rain_ring    (state, radius) float64 31.83 42.18 48.07 ... 2.552 2.304 2.071

    PW_ring      (state, radius) float64 73.54 76.26 76.33 ... 71.1 70.22 69.44

    MFC_ring     (state, radius) float64 0.01956 0.02383 ... 0.004592 0.004396

 Rain_circle         (state, radius)           Areal averaged TC rainfall within radii in 7 climate states calculated by the circle-average method (mm)

 Rain_ring           (state, radius)           Average TC rainfall within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (mm)

 PW_ring             (state, radius)           Average precipitable water within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (kg m-2)

 MFC_ring            (state, radius)           Average moisture flux convergence within radial bands in 7 climate states calculated by the ring-average method (g m-2 s-1)

 

 

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Data_Azimean_levelmean_thermodynamic_dynamic_variables_3states_AllCats.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:            (state: 3, level: 38, radius: 252, tc: 117)

Coordinates:

  * state              (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2090s' 'high2090s'

  * level              (level) int64 25 83 156 250 ... 16300 17000 17550 18100

  * radius             (radius) int64 0 2 4 6 8 10 ... 492 494 496 498 500 502

  * tc                 (tc) int64 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 110 111 112 113 114 115 116

Data variables: (12/16)

    cape_azimean       (state, level, radius) object 1890.2525300742138 ... nan

    Ta_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 27.644140005330815 ... -...

    Qv_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 0.020813525216797777 ......

    Qtti_azimean       (state, level, radius) object 5.566690902988369e-08 .....

    ttip               (state, tc) object 7997552.5 20351432.0 ... 8139392.0

    SST_levmean        (state, tc) float64 29.44 29.49 30.23 ... 31.55 31.01

    ...                 ...

    etheta_azimean     (state, level, radius) object 367.2280704092775 ... 40...

    updraft_azimean    (state, level, radius) object 0.08083254853909848 ... ...

    downdraft_azimean  (state, level, radius) object -0.019081951314966872 .....

    mfc_azimean        (state, level, radius) object 0.00029923238185347746 ....

    ss_azimean         (state, radius) object 48.3689839795465 ... 47.3942474...

    vms_azimean        (state, radius) object 371.7967310109822 ... 364.55313...

 cape_azimean        (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged convective available potential energy (CAPE) at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (J kg-1)

 Ta_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged air temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Qv_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged water vapor mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 Qtti_azimean        (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged total ice-related (ice|graupel|snow) mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 ttip                (state, tc)               Total cloud ice path in 3 future states (kg m-2)

 SST_levmean         (state, tc)               Mean SST within 500 km of the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Ta_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Ta within 500 km of the TC center at each level (deg Celcius)

 Qv_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Qv within 500 km of the TC center at each level (g kg-1)

 vt_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged tangential wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 vr_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged radial wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 etheta_azimean      (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged equivalent potential temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 updraft_azimean     (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged updraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 downdraft_azimean   (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged downdraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 mfc_azimean         (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged moisture flux convergence at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kg m-2 s-1)

 ss_azimean          (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged static stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 vms_azimean         (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged convective stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (MJ m-1 s-2)

 

 

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Data_Azimean_levelmean_thermodynamic_dynamic_variables_3states_TSs.nc

Data variables: (12/14)

    Ta_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 27.457257781178235 ... -...

    Qv_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 0.020375530778800895 ......

    Qtti_azimean       (state, level, radius) object 5.639538301516413e-08 .....

    SST_levmean        (state, tc) float64 29.44 29.49 30.23 ... 31.55 31.01

    Ta_levmean         (state, tc, level) float32 28.13 27.51 ... -83.1 -83.41

    Qv_levmean         (state, tc, level) float32 20.09 19.83 ... 0.00155

    ...                 ...

    etheta_azimean     (state, level, radius) object 360.9125096202158 ... 40...

    updraft_azimean    (state, level, radius) object 0.07054015061042855 ... ...

    downdraft_azimean  (state, level, radius) object -0.018065747224214473 .....

    mfc_azimean        (state, level, radius) object 0.00020737332807555921 ....

    ss_azimean         (state, radius) object 46.39805195710858 ... 47.228965...

    vms_azimean        (state, radius) object 361.6881448325401 ... 365.20869...

 Ta_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged air temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Qv_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged water vapor mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 Qtti_azimean        (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged total ice-related (ice|graupel|snow) mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 SST_levmean         (state, tc)               Mean SST within 500 km of the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Ta_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Ta within 500 km of the TC center at each level (deg Celcius)

 Qv_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Qv within 500 km of the TC center at each level (g kg-1)

 vt_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged tangential wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 vr_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged radial wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 etheta_azimean      (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged equivalent potential temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 updraft_azimean     (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged updraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 downdraft_azimean   (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged downdraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 mfc_azimean         (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged moisture flux convergence at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kg m-2 s-1)

 ss_azimean          (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged static stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 vms_azimean         (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged convective stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (MJ m-1 s-2)

 

 

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Data_Azimean_levelmean_thermodynamic_dynamic_variables_3states_TYs.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:            (state: 3, level: 38, radius: 252, tc: 117)

Coordinates:

  * state              (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2090s' 'high2090s'

  * level              (level) int64 25 83 156 250 ... 16300 17000 17550 18100

  * radius             (radius) int64 0 2 4 6 8 10 ... 492 494 496 498 500 502

  * tc                 (tc) int64 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 110 111 112 113 114 115 116

Data variables: (12/14)

    Ta_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 27.515624558698093 ... -...

    Qv_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 0.020579266032935868 ......

    Qtti_azimean       (state, level, radius) object 5.815300849925888e-08 .....

    SST_levmean        (state, tc) float64 29.44 29.49 30.23 ... 31.55 31.01

    Ta_levmean         (state, tc, level) float32 28.13 27.51 ... -83.1 -83.41

    Qv_levmean         (state, tc, level) float32 20.09 19.83 ... 0.00155

    ...                 ...

    etheta_azimean     (state, level, radius) object 366.45252777008426 ... 4...

    updraft_azimean    (state, level, radius) object 0.08167928852011325 ... ...

    downdraft_azimean  (state, level, radius) object -0.017788485333689888 .....

    mfc_azimean        (state, level, radius) object 0.00028844761894039205 ....

    ss_azimean         (state, radius) object 47.93880505618239 ... 47.189455...

    vms_azimean        (state, radius) object 369.8002440991976 ... 364.41387...

 Ta_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged air temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Qv_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged water vapor mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 Qtti_azimean        (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged total ice-related (ice|graupel|snow) mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 SST_levmean         (state, tc)               Mean SST within 500 km of the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Ta_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Ta within 500 km of the TC center at each level (deg Celcius)

 Qv_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Qv within 500 km of the TC center at each level (g kg-1)

 vt_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged tangential wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 vr_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged radial wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 etheta_azimean      (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged equivalent potential temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 updraft_azimean     (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged updraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 downdraft_azimean   (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged downdraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 mfc_azimean         (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged moisture flux convergence at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kg m-2 s-1)

 ss_azimean          (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged static stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 vms_azimean         (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged convective stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (MJ m-1 s-2)

 

 

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Data_Azimean_levelmean_thermodynamic_dynamic_variables_3states_STYs.nc

<xarray.Dataset>

Dimensions:            (state: 3, level: 38, radius: 252, tc: 117)

Coordinates:

  * state              (state) <U9 'CTR' 'med2090s' 'high2090s'

  * level              (level) int64 25 83 156 250 ... 16300 17000 17550 18100

  * radius             (radius) int64 0 2 4 6 8 10 ... 492 494 496 498 500 502

  * tc                 (tc) int64 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 110 111 112 113 114 115 116

Data variables: (12/14)

    Ta_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 28.677196671837233 ... -...

    Qv_azimean         (state, level, radius) object 0.022842606379269957 ......

    Qtti_azimean       (state, level, radius) object 4.0012758302765466e-08 ....

    SST_levmean        (state, tc) float64 29.44 29.49 30.23 ... 31.55 31.01

    Ta_levmean         (state, tc, level) float32 28.13 27.51 ... -83.1 -83.41

    Qv_levmean         (state, tc, level) float32 20.09 19.83 ... 0.00155

    ...                 ...

    etheta_azimean     (state, level, radius) object 376.0869964585824 ... 40...

    updraft_azimean    (state, level, radius) object 0.0844076324643325 ... 0...

    downdraft_azimean  (state, level, radius) object -0.02603523353916364 ......

    mfc_azimean        (state, level, radius) object 0.0004255960070462955 .....

    ss_azimean         (state, radius) object 52.07136400532476 ... 48.142035...

    vms_azimean        (state, radius) object 389.7398573564309 ... 364.59206...

 Ta_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged air temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Qv_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged water vapor mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 Qtti_azimean        (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged total ice-related (ice|graupel|snow) mixing ratio at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (g kg-1)

 SST_levmean         (state, tc)               Mean SST within 500 km of the TC center (deg Celcius)

 Ta_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Ta within 500 km of the TC center at each level (deg Celcius)

 Qv_levmean          (state, tc, level)        Level averaged Qv within 500 km of the TC center at each level (g kg-1)

 vt_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged tangential wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 vr_azimean          (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged radial wind at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 etheta_azimean      (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged equivalent potential temperature at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 updraft_azimean     (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged updraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 downdraft_azimean   (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged downdraft at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kt)

 mfc_azimean         (state, level, radius)    Azimuthally averaged moisture flux convergence at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (kg m-2 s-1)

 ss_azimean          (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged static stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (deg Kelvin)

 vms_azimean         (state, radius)           Azimuthally averaged convective stability at radii up to 500 km from the TC center (MJ m-1 s-2)