cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25625/8kakhj
title: Drosophila melanogaster - train and test data (multi channel)

description: Contains recordings (on 9 microphone channels) and manual annotations of the courtship song (pulse and sine) of male Drosophila melanogaster. Manual annotations were created for training and testing DAS. The recordings were previously unpublished and were first used in: Clemens J, Coen P, Roemschied FA, Pereira TD, Mazumder D, Aldarondo DE, Pacheco DA, Murthy M. 2018. Discovery of a New Song Mode in Drosophila Reveals Hidden Structure in the Sensory and Neural Drivers of Behavior. Current biology 28:2400–2412.e6.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14923083
title: Above- and below-ground species richness of bryophytes in Estonian mires: diversity and differences

description: In temperate zones, the main peat-forming plants are bryophytes, and the restoration capacity of disturbed peatland depends largely on the availability of suitable bryophyte diaspores. We investigated the species richness of bryophytes in the above-ground flora and diaspore bank of three types of mire common in Estonia and northern Europe: ombrotrophic bogs, poor fen and rich fen. The above-ground flora was recorded and diaspore bank samples were collected from study sites in eastern Estonia representing bog, poor fen and rich fen (three sites per mire type). For each mire type, the diaspore bank samples from the study sites were blended and placed in a growth chamber for 6 months, and the bryophytes that subsequently emerged were identified. In total, 54 bryophyte species were found, including six liverworts. Of the three mire types, rich fen had the most species both above and below ground. The number of species in the diaspore bank was lowest in bog (8) and highest in rich fen (27). Three species with conservation value were found: <i>Hamatocaulis vernicosus</i> (in the above-ground flora only) and <i>Meesia longiseta</i> and <i>Splachnum ampullaceum</i> (in the diaspore bank only). The species richness of the bryophyte diaspore bank was similar and significantly related to that of the above-ground bryophyte flora. In temperate-zone mires, the diaspore bank can be a depository of species that have disappeared from the above-ground flora. The local diaspore bank could a valuable source of species richness for the restoration of disturbed mire communities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16583721
title: Relationships within <i>Timmia</i>, especially within <i>T. austriaca</i> Hedw. (Musci, Timmiaceae)

description: Within the moss genus <i>Timmia</i>, three or four sections have been suggested based on morphology. Earlier studies conflicted in suggesting that <i>T. austriaca</i> Hedw. either displays limited phylogeographical structure or includes large molecular variation with potential for geographical structure. Relationships within <i>Timmia</i> were inferred from variation in the nuclear 26S and plastid <i>atp</i>B–<i>rbc</i>L and <i>trn</i>L–<i>trn</i>F. New sequences were generated for 64 specimens of <i>T. austriaca</i>. For other <i>Timmia</i> species, sequences came primarily from earlier studies or GenBank. <i>Timmia</i> includes two main, well-supported molecular lineages. Within <i>T. austriaca</i>, four arctic or subarctic specimens resolved in a small-lineage sister to all other specimens. Recognition of two sections is suggested: <i>Timmia</i> Hedw. sect. <i>Timmia</i> (syn. sect. <i>Timmiaurea</i> Brassard; syn. sect. <i>Sphaerocarpa</i> Y.Jia & Yang Liu <i>bis</i>) and sect. <i>Norvegica</i> Brassard. <i>Timmia</i> fossils, including <i>T. austriaca</i>, were deposited at least 3 Myr BP in northernmost North America under a milder climate than presently in that area. It is theorised that plants of the small <i>T. austriaca</i> lineage evolved adaptations to survive only under cold conditions, when the Arctic was gradually cooling. <i>Timmia austriaca</i> disperses easily, and because the numerous temperate region samples studied included no representatives of the northern lineage, the restricted distribution of this lineage is suggested to have resulted from adaptation to cold environments. In situ survival of <i>T. austriaca</i> in Fennoscandia during the Late Glacial Maximum, as previously theorised, is deemed unlikely due to glacial erosion and submergence of large areas as a result of isostatic depression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14923083.v1
title: Above- and below-ground species richness of bryophytes in Estonian mires: diversity and differences

description: In temperate zones, the main peat-forming plants are bryophytes, and the restoration capacity of disturbed peatland depends largely on the availability of suitable bryophyte diaspores. We investigated the species richness of bryophytes in the above-ground flora and diaspore bank of three types of mire common in Estonia and northern Europe: ombrotrophic bogs, poor fen and rich fen. The above-ground flora was recorded and diaspore bank samples were collected from study sites in eastern Estonia representing bog, poor fen and rich fen (three sites per mire type). For each mire type, the diaspore bank samples from the study sites were blended and placed in a growth chamber for 6 months, and the bryophytes that subsequently emerged were identified. In total, 54 bryophyte species were found, including six liverworts. Of the three mire types, rich fen had the most species both above and below ground. The number of species in the diaspore bank was lowest in bog (8) and highest in rich fen (27). Three species with conservation value were found: <i>Hamatocaulis vernicosus</i> (in the above-ground flora only) and <i>Meesia longiseta</i> and <i>Splachnum ampullaceum</i> (in the diaspore bank only). The species richness of the bryophyte diaspore bank was similar and significantly related to that of the above-ground bryophyte flora. In temperate-zone mires, the diaspore bank can be a depository of species that have disappeared from the above-ground flora. The local diaspore bank could a valuable source of species richness for the restoration of disturbed mire communities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16583721.v1
title: Relationships within <i>Timmia</i>, especially within <i>T. austriaca</i> Hedw. (Musci, Timmiaceae)

description: Within the moss genus <i>Timmia</i>, three or four sections have been suggested based on morphology. Earlier studies conflicted in suggesting that <i>T. austriaca</i> Hedw. either displays limited phylogeographical structure or includes large molecular variation with potential for geographical structure. Relationships within <i>Timmia</i> were inferred from variation in the nuclear 26S and plastid <i>atp</i>B–<i>rbc</i>L and <i>trn</i>L–<i>trn</i>F. New sequences were generated for 64 specimens of <i>T. austriaca</i>. For other <i>Timmia</i> species, sequences came primarily from earlier studies or GenBank. <i>Timmia</i> includes two main, well-supported molecular lineages. Within <i>T. austriaca</i>, four arctic or subarctic specimens resolved in a small-lineage sister to all other specimens. Recognition of two sections is suggested: <i>Timmia</i> Hedw. sect. <i>Timmia</i> (syn. sect. <i>Timmiaurea</i> Brassard; syn. sect. <i>Sphaerocarpa</i> Y.Jia & Yang Liu <i>bis</i>) and sect. <i>Norvegica</i> Brassard. <i>Timmia</i> fossils, including <i>T. austriaca</i>, were deposited at least 3 Myr BP in northernmost North America under a milder climate than presently in that area. It is theorised that plants of the small <i>T. austriaca</i> lineage evolved adaptations to survive only under cold conditions, when the Arctic was gradually cooling. <i>Timmia austriaca</i> disperses easily, and because the numerous temperate region samples studied included no representatives of the northern lineage, the restricted distribution of this lineage is suggested to have resulted from adaptation to cold environments. In situ survival of <i>T. austriaca</i> in Fennoscandia during the Late Glacial Maximum, as previously theorised, is deemed unlikely due to glacial erosion and submergence of large areas as a result of isostatic depression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14406729
title: Honey bee pathogens and parasites in Swedish apiaries: a baseline study

description: This nation-wide survey including 382 Swedish apiaries is the first to document base-line information of the prevalence and distribution of the ectoparasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor</i>, the mite-associated viruses <i>Deformed wing virus</i> and <i>Acute bee paralysis virus,</i> and the bacterial honey bee pathogens <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i> and <i>Melissococcus plutonius</i> in the country. Varroa and associated viruses were not detected in the northern regions of the country. The bacterium <i>P. larvae</i> was detected in 6% of the investigated apiaries and it was absent in more than half of the counties, <i>M. plutonius</i> was detected in two apiaries in one county. Other results from our study include questionnaire responses, in which beekeepers reported total winter colony losses of 6.4%. Fifty-three percent of the beekeepers reported to have purchased queens the year preceding this study, and 40.1% moved colonies to the apiary. Queens were imported from European countries and the USA. The movements of bees were one of the factors strongly associated with the prevalence of the disease-causing organisms surveyed and colony losses. The majority of the participating beekeepers were not aware of any disease related signs in their apiaries despite positive laboratory findings. This highlights the importance of further outreach efforts to increase the beekeepers' awareness of diseases and disease management. The results provide a disease baseline for improvements of the surveillance system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14191514.v3
title: Spatial distribution of recapping behaviour indicates clustering around Varroa infested cells

description: <i>Varroa destructor</i> is arguably the most important threat to <i>Apis mellifera</i> honey bees. Despite the recentness of the invasion of Varroa, <i>A. mellifera</i> colonies naturally resistant to the mite are being observed in a growing number of populations across Europe, South Africa and Brazil. Appearing in concert with this resistance is an increase in the ability of workers to detect mite-infested cells, which is closely associated with the recapping of such cells. However, many non-infested cells are also uncapped and then recapped which would appear to be a waste of time and energy. In this study we looked at the spatial patterns of recapping and its association with Varroa infestation to understand in what way the uncapping of non-infested cells occurs. We found that recapping occurred in clusters consisting of infested cells and their surrounding non-infested cells. This helped explain our finding that a significant positive correlation existed between levels of recapped infested and non-infested cells. Furthermore, we found that bees responded to an artificial increase in the mite infestation level by increasing their recapping behavior. We confirmed that the recapped area of non-infested cells was significantly smaller, relative to the holes made in the infested cells. Given these findings we propose that recapping behavior is stimulated either by a diffuse signal emanating from the infested cell or that cursory checks are conducted in the vicinity of an infested cell.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268008
title: Wild solitary bees and their use of bee hotels in southwest Spain

description: There is an increasing interest in preserving and, if possible, increasing wild bee populations as evidenced by increasing investigations into providing supplemental nesting resources, commonly called bee hotels. The study presented here was carried out in 2017 and 2018 with two objectives: a) to understand the role that insect refuges could have on beneficial arthropod fauna, especially bees, and b) to evaluate different materials and which species used them. We present the preliminary results of three constructed refuges in Seville, Spain: Hymenoptera visited the refuges most frequently (88.7% of the visitors), of which the social wasps (<i>Polistes dominula</i> (Christ)) were most common, followed by bees. Bees were observed visiting bamboo canes, Arundo canes, drilled logs, and grooved boards. Drilled logs were the most used material (31.5 and 37.6% occupied in 2017 and 2018, respectively), followed by bamboo canes (14.1 and 17.4% of occupied in 2017 and 2018, respectively). For drilled logs, holes of 4.9–6.5 mm (2017) and 7.0–9.2 mm (2018) were preferred, whilst diameters of 2.6/2.7–4.9/5.0 mm (both 2017 and 2018) were preferred for bamboo canes. For grooved boards, holes of 5.0 mm (only 2018) were preferred. The bee species most frequently nesting in bamboo canes were <i>Ceratina cucurbitina</i> (Rossi) and <i>Ceratina dentiventris</i> Gerstacker, whereas in drilled logs <i>Hoplitis lepeletieri</i> (Pérez) was most common, but <i>Hoplitis adunca</i> (Panzer) was also recorded. Their abundance throughout the study period varied between species, and their role in biodiversity and sustaining wild flora is discussed.
DOI: 10.25721/gfax-4n72
title: La Poule
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14191514
title: Spatial distribution of recapping behaviour indicates clustering around Varroa infested cells

description: <i>Varroa destructor</i> is arguably the most important threat to <i>Apis mellifera</i> honey bees. Despite the recentness of the invasion of Varroa, <i>A. mellifera</i> colonies naturally resistant to the mite are being observed in a growing number of populations across Europe, South Africa and Brazil. Appearing in concert with this resistance is an increase in the ability of workers to detect mite-infested cells, which is closely associated with the recapping of such cells. However, many non-infested cells are also uncapped and then recapped which would appear to be a waste of time and energy. In this study we looked at the spatial patterns of recapping and its association with Varroa infestation to understand in what way the uncapping of non-infested cells occurs. We found that recapping occurred in clusters consisting of infested cells and their surrounding non-infested cells. This helped explain our finding that a significant positive correlation existed between levels of recapped infested and non-infested cells. Furthermore, we found that bees responded to an artificial increase in the mite infestation level by increasing their recapping behavior. We confirmed that the recapped area of non-infested cells was significantly smaller, relative to the holes made in the infested cells. Given these findings we propose that recapping behavior is stimulated either by a diffuse signal emanating from the infested cell or that cursory checks are conducted in the vicinity of an infested cell.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14191514.v2
title: Spatial distribution of recapping behaviour indicates clustering around Varroa infested cells

description: <i>Varroa destructor</i> is arguably the most important threat to <i>Apis mellifera</i> honey bees. Despite the recentness of the invasion of Varroa, <i>A. mellifera</i> colonies naturally resistant to the mite are being observed in a growing number of populations across Europe, South Africa and Brazil. Appearing in concert with this resistance is an increase in the ability of workers to detect mite-infested cells, which is closely associated with the recapping of such cells. However, many non-infested cells are also uncapped and then recapped which would appear to be a waste of time and energy. In this study we looked at the spatial patterns of recapping and its association with Varroa infestation to understand in what way the uncapping of non-infested cells occurs. We found that recapping occurred in clusters consisting of infested cells and their surrounding non-infested cells. This helped explain our finding that a significant positive correlation existed between levels of recapped infested and non-infested cells. Furthermore, we found that bees responded to an artificial increase in the mite infestation level by increasing their recapping behavior. We confirmed that the recapped area of non-infested cells was significantly smaller, relative to the holes made in the infested cells. Given these findings we propose that recapping behavior is stimulated either by a diffuse signal emanating from the infested cell or that cursory checks are conducted in the vicinity of an infested cell.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268008.v1
title: Wild solitary bees and their use of bee hotels in southwest Spain

description: There is an increasing interest in preserving and, if possible, increasing wild bee populations as evidenced by increasing investigations into providing supplemental nesting resources, commonly called bee hotels. The study presented here was carried out in 2017 and 2018 with two objectives: a) to understand the role that insect refuges could have on beneficial arthropod fauna, especially bees, and b) to evaluate different materials and which species used them. We present the preliminary results of three constructed refuges in Seville, Spain: Hymenoptera visited the refuges most frequently (88.7% of the visitors), of which the social wasps (<i>Polistes dominula</i> (Christ)) were most common, followed by bees. Bees were observed visiting bamboo canes, Arundo canes, drilled logs, and grooved boards. Drilled logs were the most used material (31.5 and 37.6% occupied in 2017 and 2018, respectively), followed by bamboo canes (14.1 and 17.4% of occupied in 2017 and 2018, respectively). For drilled logs, holes of 4.9–6.5 mm (2017) and 7.0–9.2 mm (2018) were preferred, whilst diameters of 2.6/2.7–4.9/5.0 mm (both 2017 and 2018) were preferred for bamboo canes. For grooved boards, holes of 5.0 mm (only 2018) were preferred. The bee species most frequently nesting in bamboo canes were <i>Ceratina cucurbitina</i> (Rossi) and <i>Ceratina dentiventris</i> Gerstacker, whereas in drilled logs <i>Hoplitis lepeletieri</i> (Pérez) was most common, but <i>Hoplitis adunca</i> (Panzer) was also recorded. Their abundance throughout the study period varied between species, and their role in biodiversity and sustaining wild flora is discussed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14406729.v3
title: Honey bee pathogens and parasites in Swedish apiaries: a baseline study

description: This nation-wide survey including 382 Swedish apiaries is the first to document base-line information of the prevalence and distribution of the ectoparasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor</i>, the mite-associated viruses <i>Deformed wing virus</i> and <i>Acute bee paralysis virus,</i> and the bacterial honey bee pathogens <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i> and <i>Melissococcus plutonius</i> in the country. Varroa and associated viruses were not detected in the northern regions of the country. The bacterium <i>P. larvae</i> was detected in 6% of the investigated apiaries and it was absent in more than half of the counties, <i>M. plutonius</i> was detected in two apiaries in one county. Other results from our study include questionnaire responses, in which beekeepers reported total winter colony losses of 6.4%. Fifty-three percent of the beekeepers reported to have purchased queens the year preceding this study, and 40.1% moved colonies to the apiary. Queens were imported from European countries and the USA. The movements of bees were one of the factors strongly associated with the prevalence of the disease-causing organisms surveyed and colony losses. The majority of the participating beekeepers were not aware of any disease related signs in their apiaries despite positive laboratory findings. This highlights the importance of further outreach efforts to increase the beekeepers' awareness of diseases and disease management. The results provide a disease baseline for improvements of the surveillance system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14406729.v2
title: Honey bee pathogens and parasites in Swedish apiaries: a baseline study

description: This nation-wide survey including 382 Swedish apiaries is the first to document base-line information of the prevalence and distribution of the ectoparasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor</i>, the mite-associated viruses <i>Deformed wing virus</i> and <i>Acute bee paralysis virus,</i> and the bacterial honey bee pathogens <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i> and <i>Melissococcus plutonius</i> in the country. Varroa and associated viruses were not detected in the northern regions of the country. The bacterium <i>P. larvae</i> was detected in 6% of the investigated apiaries and it was absent in more than half of the counties, <i>M. plutonius</i> was detected in two apiaries in one county. Other results from our study include questionnaire responses, in which beekeepers reported total winter colony losses of 6.4%. Fifty-three percent of the beekeepers reported to have purchased queens the year preceding this study, and 40.1% moved colonies to the apiary. Queens were imported from European countries and the USA. The movements of bees were one of the factors strongly associated with the prevalence of the disease-causing organisms surveyed and colony losses. The majority of the participating beekeepers were not aware of any disease related signs in their apiaries despite positive laboratory findings. This highlights the importance of further outreach efforts to increase the beekeepers' awareness of diseases and disease management. The results provide a disease baseline for improvements of the surveillance system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16429647
title: Influence of an elevated CO2 level on life history parameters and hormone pathway or vitellogenin metabolism of the brown planthopper.zip

description: The growth, development and reproduction of herbivorous insects could be altered due to changes in quality and quantity of their host plants under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. The brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>, is one of the most serious and destructive economic pests in rice growing areas in Asia. In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the growth, development and reproduction of <i>N. lugens</i> and, in particular, on the hormonal regulation of the transcription factors in <i>N. lugens</i>. The results indicated that compared with ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> significantly shortened the duration of egg and nymph, longevity of female adults and total adults, and significantly decreased the weight of adults; besides, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> significantly improved the fecundity of female adults, egg hatching rata and the transcription levels of <i>Vg</i>. The relative expression levels of <i>JHMAT</i> and <i>FAMeT</i> regulated synthesis of JH were first down-regulated and then up-regulated with development of the 5th instar nymph of <i>N. lugens</i> under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the relative expression level of <i>cyp314a1</i> played important role in synthesis of ecdysone was up-regulated in the 5th instar nymph of <i>N. lugens</i> under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. We have demonstrated that elevated CO<sub>2</sub> could accelerate the development and improve reproduction of <i>N. lugens</i>, which is related to the transcription levels of JH, MH and Vg.