cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83325
title: Mountainside town, China, ca.1931-1934

description: "Shansi."  A town is depicted on a hillside at the foot of a mountain in Shanxi province.  Buildings and rooftops are seen among the trees bordering the town.  A terraced area is seen above the town, possibly a mine.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83326
title: River in Shanxi province, China, ca.1931-1934

description: "Shansi."  A river is shown at a bend with terraced stone walls on one side.  A stone arch railroad bridge is seen spanning between two mountains.  A large stone structure possibly a mine, is built into the side of a mountain along the river in the distance.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83327
title: Small grist mill, China, ca.1931-1934

description: Two people are depicted at a grinding stone grinding corn, possibly.  One person pulls the large stone cylinder around a stone surface while the other is shown with a paddle to collect the meal or flour.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83328
title: Threshing corn, China, ca.1931-1934

description: Workers are shown threshing corn with hand flails.  Three large bales or mounds of straw or hay are seen in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83329
title: Herding goats, China, ca.1931-1934

description: "Goat-herd.  N. China."  A herdsman is shown with his goats high on the side of a mountain.  Several tourists are seen in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83330
title: Preparing the soil, China, ca.1931-1934

description: "Farming in N. China."    A young man is shown next to a donkey in a barren field.  The donkey is harnessed to a small sod disc.   Another worker is seen in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83226
title: View from Golden Hill, Chao'an, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Chaochowfu [Chao'an] - from Golden Hill."  Two men sit on the top of a hill and take in the view of the town below.  A body of water is in the distance and there are mountains on the other side of the water.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83227
title: Bridge and river, Chao'an, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Bridge at Chaochowfu [Chao'an].  River level moderate."  Houses that are in poor condition stand on a bridge.  Five boats are in the water next to each other.  In the distance, two men are rowing a small boat.  There are few men in the foreground by the five boats.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83228
title: Mission compound aerial view, Shantou, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "View from a hull about 1/2 mile south of [?] Bapt. Mission Compound: looking over the compound at Swatow [Shantou] in the background.  Large buildings at left is Theological Seminary."  This panorama view shows the buildings mentioned in the caption as well as a body of water behind them.  It appears to be a bay and there are ships in the harbor.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83229
title: Monastery building, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "A monastery near Hopo, China.  Picture taken by Mr. Adams."  The monastery building has decorated roofs and sits on the side of a mountain, surrounded by trees.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83230
title: Street lined with shops, Chao'an, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Chaochowfu [Chao'an] street unusually clean and empty."  People walk in both directions down a street lined with shops.  The boy closest to the camera is walking away with a pole across his back that has two baskets attached to it.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83231
title: Railroad Station, Shantou, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Railroad Station, Swatow [Shantou]."  People walk around in the courtyard in front of a railroad station.  There are trains off to both sides of the photograph.  The man closest to the camera carries a pole on his back that has two baskets hanging from it.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83232
title: Woman carrying dry ferns, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "At Thaiyong.  Woman carrying dry ferns for fuel."  A woman is wearing a hat and carrying large bundles of dry ferns in each arm as she walks down a pathway in the mountains.  In the foreground is another bundle, hiding all of a second woman except for her feet.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83233
title: River with boats, Jieyang, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Kityang [Jieyang]."  Two boats are moored at the side of a river, and one is being propelled by men with poles down the middle of the river.  There are a few small buidlings on either side of the river.  One has a few people standing in it, looking at the camera.  In the distance is a bridge.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83245
title: Bridge and flooded river, Chao'an, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Bridge at Chaochowfu [Chao'an] during a flood.  Looking SW from across river on hill.  Structure at right end of background is E gate of city."  This aerial view shows a very full river that is almost covering the bridge at certain points.  The houses along the bank closest to the camera are in poor condition.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83234
title: 70th Anniversary Memorial Church, Shantou, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Swatow [Shantou] 70th Anniversary Memorial Church.  Taken from just west of the front of the old church building."  This church building has been constructed using Chinese architectural styles.  There is a stone wall around the building.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83238
title: Pontoon bridge, Chao'an, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Pontoon Bridge, Chaochowfu [Chao'an]."  The bridge across this river is made of pontoon boats with small pieces of bridge between them.  The far shore is lined with buildings in various states of disrepair.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83246
title: Typhoon destruction of homes and boats, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Typhoon destruction, August 2, 1922."  A lopsided tree stands in front of badly damaged homes and boats on the shore of a flooded river.  There is a handwritten note on the back of this postcard.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83235
title: Two women and a man on a journey, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "At Thaiyong.  Notice the fine road.  It is unusually good for this part of the country.  Man carrying bag.  Mrs. Groesbeck and Lottie on ahead."  Two women and a man walk down a narrow road that is lined with stones.  The women carry umbrellas and the man behind them carries their bags on his back.  The road is on the side of a small mountain.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83247
title: People next to a waterfall, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: Falls at Craigellachie."  Four people sit on rocks beside a waterfall.  One of them has a pole in his hand that might be a fishing rod.  The back of the photograph lists the names or initials of the people as "E.S.H., Tracy, L.R.H., and Miss Aston.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83240
title: People next to a waterfall, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: Also another fall at Craigellachie."  Six people sit on rocks next to a wide waterfall.  They are all wearing hats and some of them carrying walking sticks.  The back of the photograph lists the names or initals of some of the people as "E.S.H., Tracy, L.R.H.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83248
title: Missionary and girls on rocks, Shantou, China, 1934

description: "Mabelle Culley with W.W. 9 girls in front of our house.  Looking north-east of [Bottefruh's] Rock.  Swatow [Shantou] Bay."  A female missionary stands next to a group of girls who are sitting on rocks.  Behind and below them is a bay with boats in it.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83242
title: Missionary preaching at a temple, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "B preaching at an ancestral temple."  A male missionary preaches to a group of men, women, and children, at the doorway and under the porch of a temple.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83239
title: People standing on a water pump, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Pumping water. China."  Two men, a girl, and a boy stand on a water pump contraption.  The two men are wearing hats.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83236
title: Old fort and farms, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Old fort on the South hill of Double Island." An old fort is visible on top of a hill in the distance.  On the side of the hill are various farms.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83243
title: Countryside panoramic view, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Middle of panoramic view.  Dr. Ashmore's house.  Blynck.  Bonnie.  Mr. Paton's house."  A panoramic view shows fields in the country side with a few homes on hills above the fields.  Small, rounded mountains rise in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83241
title: Countryside panoramic view, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Extreme right of panoramic view.  Sacred clump of trees.  Chinese village.  Buffaloes in the river.  Hill House.  Chapel.  Our house."  The caption labels important pieces of this panoramic view.  There are mountains rising in the backround.  There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83237
title: House, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Thaiyong 1800 feet above sea level.  Hildreth room."  A house built on a rather tall stone foundation.  It seems like this is a flood precaution.  There are mountains in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83244
title: Street damaged by an earthquake, Shantou, China, 1918

description: "Impang koi street where our Swatow [Shantou] Chapel is.  Feb 13, 1918 Earthquake."  This view of a street shows a lot of damage from an earthquake.  People are standing among the rubble.  Pieces of buildings are lying in the street.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83251
title: Buildings damaged by an earthquake, Shantou, China, 1918

description: "A shop, restaurant, & house.  III. Earthquake at Swatow [Shantou] Feb. 13, 1918."  All that is left of most of the buildings depicted here is a pile of rubble.  The roofs have entirely caved in because of the earthquake.  Some people stand in front of the pile and survey the damage.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83250
title: View from a mountain, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "A spot about 35 miles from Fenchow which entranced us beyond words."  A view looking down from the mountainside shows water in the distance, mountains all around, a pathway winding up through the mountains, and trees in the foreground.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83249
title: Island view, China, 1929

description: "At South end of the beach with Sugar-Loaf" seen through the gate.  Aug. 1929.  Double Islnd.  Hildreth."  A view of an island in the middle of water through a gap in some large rocks.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83252
title: Thaiyong Valley, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Thaiyong Valley.  Blynk, Bonnie, Mr. Paton's house."  The Thaiyong Valley looks like a patchwork quilt with many different fields.  Mountains rise above the valley on all sides.  The caption indicates a few different buildings in the view.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83253
title: Train between Shantou and Choa'an, Shantou, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Train between Swatow [Shantou] and Chaochowfu [Chao'an].  Shows train arriving at Swatow."  A few people are getting off the train in the station and stepping directly onto the train tracks instead of the depot on the other side of the train.  The train has an engine, 11 cars, and a caboose.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83254
title: Waterfalls, Thaiyong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "The Trident.  Thaiyong So. China."  Three waterfalls that are all part of one river run over the edge of a cliff.  A mountain rises to the left of the waterfalls.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83255
title: Academic dormitory, Shantou, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Swatow [Shantou] Acad. Dormitory: Built of granite and reinforced concrete, proof against typhoons, earthquakes, and white ants.  Begun Spring 1918, + finished in the Summer 1919.  It is so high we could not get a view from the level without cutting off part of the building.  Grounds still to be laid out."  The dormitory is situated on a cliff, and the view of it is at an upward angle.  Mountains rise behind the building.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83256
title: Missionary house, China, 1921

description: "March 1921.  View of our house from [Bahers].  White part at corner is guest room bathroom.  On right is guestroom.  On left is big living room.  Little black squares at top of big pillars are iron plates to hold the big irons that hold the house together since the earthquake.  Verandah 19 feet wide."  This Missionary home appears to be set apart from any other buildings.  There is a concrete wall in front of the house and a few trees around it.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83257
title: Missionary house, Thaiyong, China, 1922

description: "Our house at Thaiyong.  1922.  Our end does not show very much."  This missionary house is one story tall with a very large foundation to protect from floods.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83258
title: Boy with an ox, China, 1929

description: "Our "milk supply" at Double Island Aug. 1929."  A boy stands on top of an ox and holds a rope that is attached to its nose.  There is a body of water in the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83259
title: Earthquake destruction, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: The roof and two walls of this building have collapsed.  There is a large pile of rubble in the street, and adjoining buildings are also damaged.  It looks like the effects of a bad earthquake.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83260
title: River, bridge, and buildings in the town, Chao'an, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "River, bridge, and Chaochowfu [Chao'an] from the Hildreths' house."  This panoramic view shows houses and buildings on both sides of the river.  There are mountains in the distance all along the background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83261
title: Missionary's house, Chao'an, China, 1913-1923

description: "For 1905.  Lottie Lane Hildreth.  Our house at Chaochowfu [Chao'an] China.  Showing the back and side.  The river shows below at the left.  The little square white looking room xtending on to the verandah is a bathroom belonging to the guest room which is just behind it.  To the left of the guest room is the living room.  We have a dining room and store rooms downstairs."  This is another view of the Hildreth's house, but has a slightly different caption, detailing different parts of the photograph.  There is a cement gate in front of the house.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83262
title: People boating down a river or canal, Jieyang, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Kityang [Jieyang]."  A few children are standing in a boat at the very edge of the photograph.   There are other boats in this river and houses on either side.  It looks more like a canal than a river.  The houses are falling apart.  Another boy stands off to the side on some rocks.  There is a large tree leaning over the river.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83263
title: Man diving off a cliff, China, ca.1913-1923

description: A man prepares to dive off a rock into water.  The water is not shown in the photograph.  Some people watch him from a lower level.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83264
title: House, Chao'an, China, 1924

description: "June 1924."  A few people stand on the steps of a house.  The house has quite a large stone foundation, which is probably to protect it from floods.  Part of another building is visible next to it.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83265
title: Rock cliff, Beidaihe, China, 1924

description: "East Cliff.  Peitaiho [Beidaihe].  1924."  A large group of rocks stands at the edge of a mountain.  There are other rocks lying on the ground around the formation.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83266
title: Cliff into a river, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "Golden Hill : [Cofu].  [?] down river in NE [?]."  This view shows a few boat houses on the river.  There is no shore, but instead a cliff at the edge of the land.  A building is part way down one side of the cliff.  Some trees lean out over the river  A set of stairs leads from the top of the cliff to the river.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83267
title: Boats, China, ca.1913-1923

description: Boats with coverings on top are anchored in the river.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83268
title: Men pushing boats, Guangdong, China, ca.1913-1923

description: One man pushes a covered boat, while another pulls a boat in a river.  They are both wearing hats and shorts.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83269
title: Boy working a saw mill, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "A Chinese saw mill."  A boy poses next to his large saw and the piece of wood that he is cutting.  The saw mill is manual.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83270
title: Man working in grain field, China, ca.1913-1923

description: A man is working in a field of grain with a storage recepticle.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83271
title: House boat on the Yangtze River, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "No. 14.  House Boat on the Yangtse [Yangtze] River, West China. (American Batist Missionary Union, Boston [sic])."  People are standing on a house boat in the middle of the river.  On the shore behind the boat is a small town.  This postcard has been colorized.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83272
title: Bridge over the Grand Canal with boats, Hangzhou, China, ca.1913-1923

description: "13.  Bridge over the Grand Canal, Hangchow [Hangzhou], East China. (American Baptist Missionary Union, Bos [sic]."  House boats are docked at the shore on one side of a bridge.  The bridge has three large arches in it.  This postcard has been colorized.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-83273
title: Great Wall of China in need of repair, China, ca.1913-1923

description: This aerial view of the Great Wall of China shows a portion of the Wall as it zig-zags across the mountains.  This portion of the Wall is in need of repair.  Pieces of the Wall have collapsed and there are piles of rubble at various points along the wall.  This postcard has been colorized.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82648
title: Hindu man with arm raised to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "This old man has held up his arm for a great many years. The muscles are withered and his elbow is stiff."  A bearded man dressed in rags with a cloth headdress and necklace is holding his left arm above his head. This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82642
title: Hindu man with arms raised to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "To do penance and gain merit this man has held up both arms and has become as helpless as a baby."  A bald man dressed in rags sits on the floor with his knees bent up to his chest an his arms held above his head.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82638
title: Hindu man holding his breath to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "This man tortures himself by holding his breath.  His nostrils and his mouth are stopped.  He claims he can hold his breath 5 minutes."  A man sits cross-legged on the ground with a robe wrapped around him.  There is a wire fence in front of him.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82649
title: Hindu man putting his foot over his shoulder to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The foot sticking out over this man's shoulder is his own foot that he has twisted around.  This is his idea of earning religious merit."  A bald man sits on the ground dressed in rags with bracelets around his arm and necklaces around his neck.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82640
title: Hindu man sitting on a bed of spikes to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A "holy man" on his bed of spikes.  By torturing himself in this way, he believes he will go to the Hindu heaven without repentance for sin."  A man dressed in rags with a necklace around his neck sits on a bed of spikes.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82652
title: Hindu men seeking religious merit by counting prayer beads and raising an arm, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Another Hindu "holy" man with one arm raised up over his head.  The man sitting at his side counting the prayer beads is his disciple."  Two men sit cross-legged on the ground next to each other.  One is holding his hand above his head, while the other counts prayer beads.  They are both wearing prayer beads.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82653
title: Hindu man burying his head to seek religious merit and a companion gesturing to him, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "To earn religious merit one of these men has his head buried in the earth.  His cmpanion attracts attention to shi act and counts his prayer beads."  One man is lying on the ground with his head buried and his hands counting prayer beads.  Another man gestures to the first man.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82654
title: Hindu boy lying on a bed of spikes to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "This boy is lying on a bed of spikes believing that if he does this for a number of years he will gain merit and earn salvation."  A boy lies on a bed of spikes with his head propped up on a wooden board.  His knees are bent so that his feet are flat on the spikes.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82655
title: Hindu man with an arm raised to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The foot sticking out over this man's shoulder is his own foot that he has twisted around.  This is his idea of earning religious merit."  Despite the caption for this picture, this man does not stick his foot over his shoulder.  Instead, he sits cross-legged with both feet facing the sky.  One of his arms is raised and the hand on that arm has very long fingernails.  He is wearing a necklace.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82656
title: Hindu man always standing up with the aid of ropes to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "This old Hindu took a vow that he would never again lie down.  He has to sleep with ropes tied under his arms in order to keep from falling down."  An elderly man with a long, bedraggled beard, holds a set of beads in his hands while he is being held upright by ropes around his arms.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82657
title: Hindu man lying on a single wire and counting prayer beads to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A balancing trick.  To earn merit this man swings on a stretched wire and counts his prayer beads."  A nude man lies on a single wire that is stretched between trees while he counts prayer beads.  He is also wearing beads around his neck.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82658
title: Hindu men seeking religious merit by lying on a single wire and on a thorny cactus, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Three "holy" men.  The two in the foreground are lying on thorny cactus with the locks of their hair tied together."  One man lies on a single wire stretched out and two other men lay on a thorny cactus beneath him.  They have intertwined their hair.  A few men stand in the bakcground, watching these men in their religious pursuits.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].