cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126560
title: Supplementary Material for: Development of an Animal Model to Evaluate the Allergenicity of Food Allergens

description: <b><i>Scope:</i></b> Considering the increasing numbers of patients suffering from food allergy (FA) as well as the great variety of novel foods and food compositions, an unmet need exists for the development of preclinical approaches to characterize the allergenic potential of proteins. The aim of our study was to evaluate the allergenicity of different food allergens in a rat model. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Brown Norway rats were sensitized to protein extracts (RuBisCO, apple, soy, peanut, garden pea) or ovalbumin (OVA) combined with <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> and aluminium hydroxide, followed by oral allergen challenges. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin production and the proliferation of mononuclear cells from spleen confirmed sensitization. To assess functional alterations in the gut, intestinal permeability was measured, which increased in sensitized and challenged animals compared to non-sensitized controls. Allergens with high allergenic potential (peanut, OVA, soy) caused a stronger immunological response than allergens with low allergenic potential, such as RuBisCO and apple. Moreover, the immunological responses were reduced when using boiled instead of raw soy and pea proteins. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This model mimics key features of FA and facilitates investigating the allergenicity of allergens in novel food or food compositions in vivo.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126563
title: Supplementary Material for: Low-Allergenic Hydrolyzed Egg Induces Oral Tolerance in Mice

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. The standard therapy for egg allergy is strict avoidance. Yet, there is considerable clinical and scientific interest in primary or secondary prevention. A major drawback of oral tolerance (OT) induction protocols, however, is the possibility of severe side effects; thus, we have formulated a hypoallergenic egg product and demonstrate its in vivo capacity to modulate the immune system in the current study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Hydrolyzed egg (HE) was produced using a combination of moderate heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The capacity of HE to induce OT was tested in experimental models and compared to whole egg (WE). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, immune markers and potential early markers of OT were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Allergic responses, assessed by both DTH responses upon OVA challenge and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, were decreased after treatment with HE and WE compared to the control group. Additionally, feeding WE and HE significantly decreased Th2 cytokine induction and cell proliferation, induced the activation of effector CD4+ T cells and increased numbers and percentages of ICOS+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. Furthermore, DO11.10 mouse experiments showed that HE contains other peptides than the OVA<sub>323-339</sub> peptide that are able to induce tolerance to OVA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Altogether, results showed that HE induces OT in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Due to its low allergenicity compared to WE, it may represent a safer alternative for OT induction in at-risk subjects or oral immunotherapy in allergic patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126566
title: Supplementary Material for: Cost Savings Using a Protocol Approach to Manage Anemia in a Hemodialysis Unit

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> National guidelines recommend using anemia management protocols to guide treatment. The objective of this study was to determine if an anemia management protocol would improve hemoglobin (Hgb) indices in hemodialysis patients and to measure whether the protocol would reduce the use and cost of darbepoetin alfa (DBO) and intravenous (IV) iron in hemodialysis patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An anemia management protocol was created and implemented for hemodialysis patients at our institution. A retrospective observational review of the use of DBO and IV iron as well as changes in Hgb, transferrin saturation and ferritin in 174 patients was conducted 6 months before and after implementation of the anemia protocol. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The number of Hgb measurements in the target range increased from 44.3 to 46.0% (p = 0.48) after protocol implementation. The mean weekly dose of DBO was reduced from 34.56 ± 31.12 to 31.11 ± 28.64 μg post-protocol implementation (p = 0.011), which translated to a cost savings of USD 41,649 over 6 months. The mean monthly IV iron dose also decreased from 139.56 ± 98.83 to 97.65 ± 79.05 mg (p &lt; 0.005), a cost savings of USD 18,594 over the same time period. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The use of an anemia management protocol resulted in the deprescribing of DBO and iron agents while increasing the number of patients in the target Hgb range, which led to significant cost savings in the treatment of anemia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126569.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Cytoarchitecture of the Telencephalon in the Coral Reef Multiband Butterflyfish (<b><i>Chaetodon multicinctus</i></b>: Perciformes)

description: Detailed neuroanatomical studies of model species are necessary to facilitate comparative experiments which test hypotheses relevant to brain evolution and function. Butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) boast numerous sympatric species that differ in social behavior, aggression and feeding ecology. However, the ability to test hypotheses relevant to brain function in this family is hindered by the lack of detailed neural descriptions. The cytoarchitecture of the telencephalon in the monogamous and territorial multiband butterflyfish, <i>Chaetodon multicinctus,</i> was determined with Nissl-stained serial sections and an immunohistochemical analysis of arginine vasotocin (AVT), serotonin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. The ventral telencephalon was similar to that of other perciform fishes studied, with one major difference. A previously undescribed postcommissural region, the cuneate nucleus, was identified and putatively assigned to the ventral telencephalon. While the function of this nucleus is unknown, preliminary studies indicate that it may be part of a behaviorally relevant subpallial neural circuit that is modulated by AVT. The dorsal telencephalon consisted of 15 subdivisions among central, medial, lateral, dorsal and posterior zones. Several regions of the dorsal telencephalon of <i>C. multicinctus</i> differed from many other perciform fishes examined thus far. The nucleus taenia was in a more caudal position, and the central and lateral zones were enlarged. Within the lateral zone, an unusual third, ventral subdivision and a large-celled division were present. One hypothesis is that the enlarged ventral subdivision of the lateral zone (potential hippocampus homolog) relates to an enhancement of spatial learning or olfactory memory, which are important for this coral reef fish. This study provides the neuroanatomical basis for future comparative and evolutionary studies of brain organization and neuropeptide distributions, physiological studies of neural processing and insight into the complex social behavior of butterflyfishes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126554
title: Supplementary Material for: The kinship2 R Package for Pedigree Data

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The kinship2 package is restructured from the previous kinship package. Existing features are now enhanced and new features added for handling pedigree objects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Pedigree plotting features have been updated to display features on complex pedigrees while adhering to pedigree plotting standards. Kinship matrices can now be calculated for the X chromosome. Other methods have been added to subset and trim pedigrees while maintaining the pedigree structure. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We make the kinship2 package available for R on the Contributed R Archives Network (CRAN), where data management is built-in and other packages can use the pedigree object.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126557
title: Supplementary Material for: Growth Hormone Dose-Dependent Pubertal Growth: A Randomized Trial in Short Children with Low Growth Hormone Secretion

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Growth hormone (GH) treatment regimens do not account for the pubertal increase in endogenous GH secretion. This study assessed whether increasing the GH dose and/or frequency of administration improves pubertal height gain and adult height (AH) in children with low GH secretion during stimulation tests, i.e. idiopathic isolated GH deficiency. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A multicenter, randomized, clinical trial (No. 88-177) followed 111 children (96 boys) at study start from onset of puberty to AH who had received GH 33 µg/kg/day for ≥1 year. They were randomized to receive 67 µg/kg/day (GH<sup>67</sup>) given as one (GH<sup>67×1</sup>; n = 35) or two daily injections (GH<sup>33×2</sup>; n = 36), or to remain on a single 33 µg/kg/day dose (GH<sup>33×1</sup>; n = 40). Growth was assessed as height<sub>SDS</sub>gain for prepubertal, pubertal and total periods, as well as AH<sub>SDS</sub> versus the population and the midparental height. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Pubertal height<sub>SDS</sub>gain was greater for patients receiving a high dose (GH<sup>67</sup>, 0.73) than a low dose (GH<sup>33×1</sup>, 0.41, p &lt; 0.05). AH<sub>SDS</sub> was greater on GH<sup>67</sup> (GH<sup>67×1</sup>, -0.84; GH<sup>33×2</sup>, -0.83) than GH<sup>33</sup> (-1.25, p &lt; 0.05), and height<sub>SDS</sub>gain was greater on GH<sup>67</sup> than GH<sup>33</sup> (2.04 and 1.56, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). All groups reached their target height<sub>SDS</sub>. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>Pubertal height<sub>SDS</sub>gain and AH<sub>SDS</sub> were dose dependent, with greater growth being observed for the GH<sup>67</sup> than the GH<sup>33</sup> randomization group; however, there were no differences between the once- and twice-daily GH<sup>67</sup> regimens.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126563.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Low-Allergenic Hydrolyzed Egg Induces Oral Tolerance in Mice

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. The standard therapy for egg allergy is strict avoidance. Yet, there is considerable clinical and scientific interest in primary or secondary prevention. A major drawback of oral tolerance (OT) induction protocols, however, is the possibility of severe side effects; thus, we have formulated a hypoallergenic egg product and demonstrate its in vivo capacity to modulate the immune system in the current study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Hydrolyzed egg (HE) was produced using a combination of moderate heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The capacity of HE to induce OT was tested in experimental models and compared to whole egg (WE). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, immune markers and potential early markers of OT were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Allergic responses, assessed by both DTH responses upon OVA challenge and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, were decreased after treatment with HE and WE compared to the control group. Additionally, feeding WE and HE significantly decreased Th2 cytokine induction and cell proliferation, induced the activation of effector CD4+ T cells and increased numbers and percentages of ICOS+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. Furthermore, DO11.10 mouse experiments showed that HE contains other peptides than the OVA<sub>323-339</sub> peptide that are able to induce tolerance to OVA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Altogether, results showed that HE induces OT in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Due to its low allergenicity compared to WE, it may represent a safer alternative for OT induction in at-risk subjects or oral immunotherapy in allergic patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126548
title: Supplementary Material for: The Silencing of N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene-1 in an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model Leads to More Aggressive Tumor Growth and Metastases

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer may help develop treatment options. N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) has been correlated to better prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we thought to analyze how the loss of NDRG1 affects progression in an orthotopic xenograft animal model of recurrence. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Capan-1 cells were silenced for NDRG1 (C<sup>sil</sup>) or transfected with scrambled shRNA (C<sup>scr</sup>) and compared for anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth, invasion and tube formation in vitro. In an orthotopic xenograft model of recurrence tumors were grown in the pancreatic tail. The effect of NDRG1 silencing was evaluated on tumor size and metastasis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The silencing of NDRG1 in Capan-1 cells leads to more aggressive tumor growth and metastasis. We found faster cell growth, double count of invaded cells and 1.8-fold increase in tube formation in vitro. In vivo local tumors were 5.9-fold larger (p = 0.006) and the number of metastases was higher in animals with tumors silenced for NDRG1 primarily (3 vs. 1.1; p = 0.005) and at recurrence (3.3 vs. 0.9; p = 0.015). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> NDRG1 may be an interesting therapeutic target as its silencing in human pancreatic cancer cells leads to a phenotype with more aggressive tumor growth and metastasis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126551
title: Supplementary Material for: Evaluating the Effect of a Community-Based Lay Health Advisor Training Curriculum to Address Immigrant Children's Caries Disparities

description: Previous programs had not designed the culturally adequate Lay Health Advisor (LHA) oral health training curriculum for medically underserved population. We evaluated the effects of LHA training curriculum for addressing immigrant children's caries disparities in their access to dental care. We used a pre/post-test study design. Immigrant women were recruited from churches, schools, and immigrant centers in an urban area. Four training classes were held. Each training cycle lasted 15 consecutive weeks, consisting of 1 weekly 2-h training session for 12 weeks followed by a 3-week practicum. The curriculum included training in caries-related knowledge, oral hygiene demonstrations, teaching techniques, communication skills, and hands-on practice sessions. Thirty-seven LHA trainees completed the course and passed the post-training exam. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The level of oral health knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes toward oral hygiene were significantly increased after LHA training. There was a significant and over twofold increase in trainees' oral hygiene behaviors. An increase of &gt;20% in LHA and their children's dental checkup was observed following training. After training, LHAs were more likely to have 3+ times of brushing teeth [Odds Ratio (OR) = 13.14], brushing teeth 3+ minutes (OR = 3.47), modified bass method use (OR = 30.60), dental flossing (OR = 4.56), fluoride toothpaste use (OR = 5.63) and child's dental visit (OR = 3.57). The cross-cultural training curriculum designed for immigrant women serving as LHAs was effective in improvement of oral hygiene behaviors and access to dental care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126557.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Growth Hormone Dose-Dependent Pubertal Growth: A Randomized Trial in Short Children with Low Growth Hormone Secretion

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Growth hormone (GH) treatment regimens do not account for the pubertal increase in endogenous GH secretion. This study assessed whether increasing the GH dose and/or frequency of administration improves pubertal height gain and adult height (AH) in children with low GH secretion during stimulation tests, i.e. idiopathic isolated GH deficiency. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A multicenter, randomized, clinical trial (No. 88-177) followed 111 children (96 boys) at study start from onset of puberty to AH who had received GH 33 µg/kg/day for ≥1 year. They were randomized to receive 67 µg/kg/day (GH<sup>67</sup>) given as one (GH<sup>67×1</sup>; n = 35) or two daily injections (GH<sup>33×2</sup>; n = 36), or to remain on a single 33 µg/kg/day dose (GH<sup>33×1</sup>; n = 40). Growth was assessed as height<sub>SDS</sub>gain for prepubertal, pubertal and total periods, as well as AH<sub>SDS</sub> versus the population and the midparental height. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Pubertal height<sub>SDS</sub>gain was greater for patients receiving a high dose (GH<sup>67</sup>, 0.73) than a low dose (GH<sup>33×1</sup>, 0.41, p &lt; 0.05). AH<sub>SDS</sub> was greater on GH<sup>67</sup> (GH<sup>67×1</sup>, -0.84; GH<sup>33×2</sup>, -0.83) than GH<sup>33</sup> (-1.25, p &lt; 0.05), and height<sub>SDS</sub>gain was greater on GH<sup>67</sup> than GH<sup>33</sup> (2.04 and 1.56, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). All groups reached their target height<sub>SDS</sub>. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>Pubertal height<sub>SDS</sub>gain and AH<sub>SDS</sub> were dose dependent, with greater growth being observed for the GH<sup>67</sup> than the GH<sup>33</sup> randomization group; however, there were no differences between the once- and twice-daily GH<sup>67</sup> regimens.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126545
title: Supplementary Material for: Infarct Patterns, Collaterals and Likely Causative Mechanisms of Stroke in Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> There are limited data on the specific mechanisms of stroke in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). We undertook this study to describe infarct patterns and likely mechanisms of stroke in a large cohort of patients with ICAS, and to evaluate the relationship of these infarct patterns to angiographic features (collaterals, stenosis location and stenosis severity). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We evaluated infarct patterns in the territory of a stenotic intracranial artery on neuroimaging performed at baseline and during follow-up if a recurrent stroke occurred in patients enrolled in the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial. We defined the likely mechanism of stroke (artery-to-artery embolism, perforator occlusion, hypoperfusion or mixed) according to the site of ICAS and based on the infarct patterns on neuroimaging. Collaterals were assessed using American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) grades, and stenosis severity using the WASID trial's measurement technique. We evaluated the association of infarct patterns with angiographic features using χ<sup>2</sup> tests. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The likely mechanisms of stroke based on the infarct patterns at baseline in the 136 patients included in the study were artery-to-artery embolism (n = 69; 50.7%), perforator occlusion (n = 34; 25%), hypoperfusion (n = 12; 8.8%) and mixed (n = 21; 15.5%). Perforator-occlusive infarcts were more frequent in the posterior circulation, and mixed patterns were more prevalent in the anterior circulation (both p &lt; 0.01). Most of the mixed patterns in the anterior circulation combined small pial or scattered multiple cortical infarcts with infarcts in border-zone regions, especially the cortical ones. Isolated border-zone infarcts were not significantly associated with a poor grading for collaterals or the severity of stenosis. Among 47 patients with a recurrent infarct during follow-up, the infarct patterns suggested an artery-to-artery embolic mechanism in 29 (61.7%). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Artery-to-artery embolism is probably the most common mechanism of stroke in both the anterior and the posterior circulations in patients with ICAS. An extension of intracranial atherosclerosis at the site of stenosis into adjacent perforators also appears to be a common mechanism of stroke, particularly in the posterior circulation, whereas hypoperfusion as the sole mechanism is relatively uncommon. Further research is important to accurately establish the specific mechanisms of stroke in patients with ICAS, since preliminary data suggest that the underlying mechanism of stroke is an important determinant of prognosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126551.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Evaluating the Effect of a Community-Based Lay Health Advisor Training Curriculum to Address Immigrant Children's Caries Disparities

description: Previous programs had not designed the culturally adequate Lay Health Advisor (LHA) oral health training curriculum for medically underserved population. We evaluated the effects of LHA training curriculum for addressing immigrant children's caries disparities in their access to dental care. We used a pre/post-test study design. Immigrant women were recruited from churches, schools, and immigrant centers in an urban area. Four training classes were held. Each training cycle lasted 15 consecutive weeks, consisting of 1 weekly 2-h training session for 12 weeks followed by a 3-week practicum. The curriculum included training in caries-related knowledge, oral hygiene demonstrations, teaching techniques, communication skills, and hands-on practice sessions. Thirty-seven LHA trainees completed the course and passed the post-training exam. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The level of oral health knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes toward oral hygiene were significantly increased after LHA training. There was a significant and over twofold increase in trainees' oral hygiene behaviors. An increase of &gt;20% in LHA and their children's dental checkup was observed following training. After training, LHAs were more likely to have 3+ times of brushing teeth [Odds Ratio (OR) = 13.14], brushing teeth 3+ minutes (OR = 3.47), modified bass method use (OR = 30.60), dental flossing (OR = 4.56), fluoride toothpaste use (OR = 5.63) and child's dental visit (OR = 3.57). The cross-cultural training curriculum designed for immigrant women serving as LHAs was effective in improvement of oral hygiene behaviors and access to dental care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126554.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The kinship2 R Package for Pedigree Data

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The kinship2 package is restructured from the previous kinship package. Existing features are now enhanced and new features added for handling pedigree objects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Pedigree plotting features have been updated to display features on complex pedigrees while adhering to pedigree plotting standards. Kinship matrices can now be calculated for the X chromosome. Other methods have been added to subset and trim pedigrees while maintaining the pedigree structure. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We make the kinship2 package available for R on the Contributed R Archives Network (CRAN), where data management is built-in and other packages can use the pedigree object.