DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb5vr
title: Molecular phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) reveals the polyphyletic nature of Trogoderma Latreille, and the taxonomic placement of the Khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts

description: The hide, larder and carpet beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are a family
 of mainly scavenger beetles, with numerous species such as the khapra
 beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898), the black carpet beetle
 (Attagenus unicolor (Brahm, 1791)) and the hide beetle (Dermestes
 maculatus De Geer, 1774) being widely recognised as serious economic pests
 of stored products and museum collections (Fig. 1). A stable
 classification and reliable identification of genera and species of these
 pests and their 1,700 relatives are of great relevance for trade
 restrictions, biosecurity, pest management, forensics and biodiversity
 surveys. In this study, we examined and sequenced mitochondrial genomes of
 477 dermestid specimens, representing all subfamilies and 90% of the
 globally recognised tribes and subtribes. Our study provides the most
 comprehensive, taxonomically verified and vouchered resource of
 mitochondrial reference sequences linked to specimen images and occurrence
 records of pests and their relatives, enabling eDNA surveys, metabarcoding
 and molecular species identification. It also reconstructs the phylogeny
 of Dermestidae based on molecular and morphological data for the first
 time, thereby providing robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a stable
 classification system from family to genus-level. Accordingly, a revised
 classification of Dermestidae with formal nomenclatural changes is
 proposed, recognising six subfamilies: Orphilinae, Trinodinae,
 Trogoparvinae subfam. nov. (type genus Trogoparvus Háva, 2001),
 Dermestinae, Attageninae and Megatominae. Trinodinae is recovered towards
 the base of Dermestidae with three tribes: Trinodini (=Trinoparvini syn.
 nov.), Thylodriini and Trichelodini. Dermestinae is the only subfamily
 with adults lacking a median ocellus, and it includes the tribes
 Thorictini stat. nov. (that is downgraded from Thorictinae), Marioutini
 and Dermestini. The endemic Australian genus Derbyana Lawrence and
 Ślipiński, was recovered within Holarctic Dermestes Linnaeus. Attageninae
 is strongly supported and includes the monogeneric Adelaidiini and
 polygenic Attagenini. Former subgenera of Attagenus Latreille, i.e.,
 Lanorus Mulsant and Rey (= Paranovelsis Casey syn. nov.), Telopes
 Redtenbacher, and Aethriostoma Motschulsky, are elevated to generic level.
 The largest clade, Megatominae, is confirmed as monophyletic and is
 divided into three tribes: Anthrenini, Ctesiini and Megatomini. Megatomini
 is divided into three subtribes: Megatomina, Orphinina subtribe nov. (type
 genus Orphinus Motschulsky) and Trogodermina. Within the economically
 important lineage Trogodermina, Trogoderma Latreille, is delimited to
 contain only Holarctic species including the Khapra beetle T. granarium
 Everts, while a Southern Hemisphere clade is here recognised as Eurhopalus
 Solier in Gay, 1849 (= Anthrenocerus Arrow, 1915; Myrmeanthrenus
 Armstrong, 1945; Neoanthrenus Armstrong, 1941; Sodaliatoma Háva, 2013;
 Reesa Beal, 1967 syn. nov.). A revised classification of the extant genera
 of Dermestidae is also provided.
description: We selected 477 dermestid specimens covering all existing
 subfamilies and nearly 90% of recognised tribes and subtribes, and added
 six closely related outgroup taxa. The body of each sample was opened for
 DNA extraction at the connecting membrane between thorax and abdomen,
 after which all body parts were recovered and preserved in glycerine on an
 open slide for further morphological study and voucher preservation. DNA
 was extracted using the buffers from the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit
 (Qiagen, Velno, the Netherlands; product no. 69504) and silica membranes
 in 384-well format (Whatman, Maidstone, UK; product no.
 7700-2110).
description: It only requires a simple text reader software, like
 notepad++.