cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861937
title: Production components in transformed and untransformed ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants

description: ABSTRACT Changes to the amounts of certain proteins have resulted in several studies, among them the so-called heat shock proteins (HSP), which take many forms, most of them constitutive. However, other forms may be inducible by a particular stress factor. The ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato is considered a model for experimental studies due to having suitable characteristics, such as reduced size, short generation time, and ease of transformation. Growth and production components were therefore evaluated in ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants transformed for different levels of mitochondrial HSP (MT-sHSP23.6). Plants from genotypes of the ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato (untransformed, and transformed with overexpression and with expression silencing) were grown under controlled conditions of temperature, photoperiod and photon flux density. To obtain the data, successive collections were carried out at regular intervals (21 days) throughout the development cycle of the plants, starting from the 21st day after transplanting (DAT). Total dry matter, leaf area, dry-weight partitioning between the plant organs, and production components were determined in the three genotypes. From interpretation of the results, it was found that plants transformed with overexpression of MT-sHSP23.6 displayed greater production capacity, considering the fresh weight of the fruit; but in general, the data showed that genetic transformation did not bring about major changes in growth, since the three genotypes displayed similar behaviour.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861937.v1
title: Production components in transformed and untransformed ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants

description: ABSTRACT Changes to the amounts of certain proteins have resulted in several studies, among them the so-called heat shock proteins (HSP), which take many forms, most of them constitutive. However, other forms may be inducible by a particular stress factor. The ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato is considered a model for experimental studies due to having suitable characteristics, such as reduced size, short generation time, and ease of transformation. Growth and production components were therefore evaluated in ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants transformed for different levels of mitochondrial HSP (MT-sHSP23.6). Plants from genotypes of the ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato (untransformed, and transformed with overexpression and with expression silencing) were grown under controlled conditions of temperature, photoperiod and photon flux density. To obtain the data, successive collections were carried out at regular intervals (21 days) throughout the development cycle of the plants, starting from the 21st day after transplanting (DAT). Total dry matter, leaf area, dry-weight partitioning between the plant organs, and production components were determined in the three genotypes. From interpretation of the results, it was found that plants transformed with overexpression of MT-sHSP23.6 displayed greater production capacity, considering the fresh weight of the fruit; but in general, the data showed that genetic transformation did not bring about major changes in growth, since the three genotypes displayed similar behaviour.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862453
title: Time of harvest and storability of Crotalaria juncea L. seeds

description: ABSTRACT Although used as green manure, one of the challenges the cultivation of Crotalaria juncea is the low availability of quality seeds in the market. The harvest at the right time contributes to the achievement of better quality seeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the storability and characterize the physical and physiological changes of the seeds harvested at different times. The statistical design was completely randomized with three replications. Treatments consisted of four harvest seasons and two storage periods (0 to 8 months). The samples were collected when the plants reached 40, 60, 80 and 100% of dried pods. The following characteristics were evaluated: time for drying, moisture content, dry matter accumulation, physical purity, yield, uniformity testing, seed coat coloring, germination, germination first count test, percentage of hard seeds, speed index and percentage of seedling emergence. Data from ripening stages were submitted to regression analysis. The effect of storage within each time it was analyzed by the joint analysis of variance of the results and the Tukey test (p≤0.05). The determination of the sampling point based on the percentage of dried beans is efficiently. The physiological maturity of the seeds is achieved when the plants have about 86.1% of dry beans, with the Crotalaria juncea seeds harvesting is performed at the point where the plants have between 80 and 100% of dried pods. The storage for eight months reduces dormancy up to 75.4%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862453.v1
title: Time of harvest and storability of Crotalaria juncea L. seeds

description: ABSTRACT Although used as green manure, one of the challenges the cultivation of Crotalaria juncea is the low availability of quality seeds in the market. The harvest at the right time contributes to the achievement of better quality seeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the storability and characterize the physical and physiological changes of the seeds harvested at different times. The statistical design was completely randomized with three replications. Treatments consisted of four harvest seasons and two storage periods (0 to 8 months). The samples were collected when the plants reached 40, 60, 80 and 100% of dried pods. The following characteristics were evaluated: time for drying, moisture content, dry matter accumulation, physical purity, yield, uniformity testing, seed coat coloring, germination, germination first count test, percentage of hard seeds, speed index and percentage of seedling emergence. Data from ripening stages were submitted to regression analysis. The effect of storage within each time it was analyzed by the joint analysis of variance of the results and the Tukey test (p≤0.05). The determination of the sampling point based on the percentage of dried beans is efficiently. The physiological maturity of the seeds is achieved when the plants have about 86.1% of dry beans, with the Crotalaria juncea seeds harvesting is performed at the point where the plants have between 80 and 100% of dried pods. The storage for eight months reduces dormancy up to 75.4%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862066
title: Growth and gas exchange in white pitaya under different concentrations of potassium and calcium

description: ABSTRACT Agriculture in Brazil has improved at a fast pace in recent years, given the growing demand for quality and the need for new products. In this respect, white pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose] has become a feasible alternative for Northeast farmers. The limiting factors include a small amount of data on plant mineral nutrition and crop growth (phenology). Therefore, this study goal was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on crop development and gas exchange in white pitaya grown in the coastal region of the state of Ceará, in Brazil. Sixteen treatments with three repetitions were organized in a completely randomized block design and a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of various concentrations of K (0; 125; 250 and 375 mg dm-3) and Ca (0, 53, 106, and 159 mg dm-3). Biometric characteristics and gas exchange were determined after 270 and 240 days of treatment, respectively. For morphometric characteristics, the most significant nutrient combination was 250 mg dm-3 of K and 159 mg dm-3 of Ca. Net photosynthesis was higher at the dose of 125 mg dm-3 of K and 0 mg dm-3 of Ca. Our results indicate that, for the environmental conditions under which the test was conducted, an optimum nutrient combination for the analyzed variables was 250 mg dm-3 K and 159 mg dm-3 Ca.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862066.v1
title: Growth and gas exchange in white pitaya under different concentrations of potassium and calcium

description: ABSTRACT Agriculture in Brazil has improved at a fast pace in recent years, given the growing demand for quality and the need for new products. In this respect, white pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose] has become a feasible alternative for Northeast farmers. The limiting factors include a small amount of data on plant mineral nutrition and crop growth (phenology). Therefore, this study goal was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on crop development and gas exchange in white pitaya grown in the coastal region of the state of Ceará, in Brazil. Sixteen treatments with three repetitions were organized in a completely randomized block design and a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of various concentrations of K (0; 125; 250 and 375 mg dm-3) and Ca (0, 53, 106, and 159 mg dm-3). Biometric characteristics and gas exchange were determined after 270 and 240 days of treatment, respectively. For morphometric characteristics, the most significant nutrient combination was 250 mg dm-3 of K and 159 mg dm-3 of Ca. Net photosynthesis was higher at the dose of 125 mg dm-3 of K and 0 mg dm-3 of Ca. Our results indicate that, for the environmental conditions under which the test was conducted, an optimum nutrient combination for the analyzed variables was 250 mg dm-3 K and 159 mg dm-3 Ca.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861718
title: Development of Agaricus bisporus cultivation in Brazil: compost supplementation and use of hybrid strains

description: ABSTRACT The use of hybrids strains of known origin in mushroom cultivation is not very common in Brazil. Likewise, the practice of supplementation of compost is not applied. Supplementation of compost in mushroom cultivation consists in the addition at the end of Phase II composting process. The aim of the research is the evaluation of two doses of a commercial supplement of nutritious substances in two different hybrid mushroom strains. Two crop cycles were conducted. Yields are positively affected as a result of supplementation, significantly with the smooth white hybrid strain. This strain provides more fruiting bodies and higher yields than the large off-white hybrid type, but showed smaller mushrooms. Qualitative production parameters are not affected as a result of supplementation. This practice leads to moderate increases in the temperature of the compost during the vegetative growth phase. The results confirm the interest of supplementing the compost in order to improve the productivity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861718.v1
title: Development of Agaricus bisporus cultivation in Brazil: compost supplementation and use of hybrid strains

description: ABSTRACT The use of hybrids strains of known origin in mushroom cultivation is not very common in Brazil. Likewise, the practice of supplementation of compost is not applied. Supplementation of compost in mushroom cultivation consists in the addition at the end of Phase II composting process. The aim of the research is the evaluation of two doses of a commercial supplement of nutritious substances in two different hybrid mushroom strains. Two crop cycles were conducted. Yields are positively affected as a result of supplementation, significantly with the smooth white hybrid strain. This strain provides more fruiting bodies and higher yields than the large off-white hybrid type, but showed smaller mushrooms. Qualitative production parameters are not affected as a result of supplementation. This practice leads to moderate increases in the temperature of the compost during the vegetative growth phase. The results confirm the interest of supplementing the compost in order to improve the productivity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125444
title: Spectral indexes for identification of nitrogen deficiency in maize

description: ABSTRACT Image analysis can provide information extracted from the leaves of crops, and contribute to early identification of nutrient deficiency. The objective of this study was to recognize nutritional nitrogen (N) patterns in maize plants, at the V4 and V7 stages, using digital image analysis based on spectral indexes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under hydroponic cultivation. Treatments consisted of a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The factors were constituted by the doses of N (0; 3.0; 6.0 e 15 mmol L-1) combined at V4 and V7. In each stage, digital images were taken of leaf blades, with subsequent chemical composition and image analysis. For image recognition and classification, a vector of characteristics based on the spectral indexes was used as follows: excess of green, normalized red, normalized green and red-green ratio, and the combination among them. Additionally, extracted blocks of 9 × 9, 20 × 20 and 40 × 40 pixels on original images were used. The N content in the leaf blade, the dry mass of the plants and the external critical level of N in the nutrient solution were determined for result validation, based on 90% dry matter production. Maximum the global accuracy rate for N patterns was 80 and 93% at V4 and V7, respectively. The use of combined spectral indexes provided better classification performance, and the 9 × 9 pixel image block appeared more adequate for differentiation among the doses of N.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125444.v1
title: Spectral indexes for identification of nitrogen deficiency in maize

description: ABSTRACT Image analysis can provide information extracted from the leaves of crops, and contribute to early identification of nutrient deficiency. The objective of this study was to recognize nutritional nitrogen (N) patterns in maize plants, at the V4 and V7 stages, using digital image analysis based on spectral indexes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under hydroponic cultivation. Treatments consisted of a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The factors were constituted by the doses of N (0; 3.0; 6.0 e 15 mmol L-1) combined at V4 and V7. In each stage, digital images were taken of leaf blades, with subsequent chemical composition and image analysis. For image recognition and classification, a vector of characteristics based on the spectral indexes was used as follows: excess of green, normalized red, normalized green and red-green ratio, and the combination among them. Additionally, extracted blocks of 9 × 9, 20 × 20 and 40 × 40 pixels on original images were used. The N content in the leaf blade, the dry mass of the plants and the external critical level of N in the nutrient solution were determined for result validation, based on 90% dry matter production. Maximum the global accuracy rate for N patterns was 80 and 93% at V4 and V7, respectively. The use of combined spectral indexes provided better classification performance, and the 9 × 9 pixel image block appeared more adequate for differentiation among the doses of N.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6124649
title: Characterization and selection method of Venturi injectors for pressurized irrigation

description: ABSTRACT Venturi-type chemigation injectors are widely used due to their advantages: they do not require electric power and are cheap to operate. However, they also generate considerable energy losses which affect the pressure in the system. The correct characterization of these systems requires pressures to be correctly set at the inlet, injector and outlet points in relation to main and injected solution flows. These analytical relationships, as described in the International Organization for Standardization’s standard ISO 15873:2002, can be obtained theoretically, although it is recommended that the manufacturer should determine the real behavior of the injector by operational tests. These relationships should also be provided graphically in the form of nomograms in order to facilitate the association of the variables involved and the subsequent selection of a specific model or class and type of assembly. In order to make the right choice, it is also necessary to have precise information on the irrigation sub-units that it feeds and the grower’s fertilization program.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6124649.v1
title: Characterization and selection method of Venturi injectors for pressurized irrigation

description: ABSTRACT Venturi-type chemigation injectors are widely used due to their advantages: they do not require electric power and are cheap to operate. However, they also generate considerable energy losses which affect the pressure in the system. The correct characterization of these systems requires pressures to be correctly set at the inlet, injector and outlet points in relation to main and injected solution flows. These analytical relationships, as described in the International Organization for Standardization’s standard ISO 15873:2002, can be obtained theoretically, although it is recommended that the manufacturer should determine the real behavior of the injector by operational tests. These relationships should also be provided graphically in the form of nomograms in order to facilitate the association of the variables involved and the subsequent selection of a specific model or class and type of assembly. In order to make the right choice, it is also necessary to have precise information on the irrigation sub-units that it feeds and the grower’s fertilization program.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125024
title: Air quality, sound pressure level, and thermal environment of two swine nursery styles

description: ABSTRACT Because of the importance of the ambiance in swine facilities, this study aimed to evaluate the air quality, the sound pressure level, and the thermal environment of two distinct swine nursery styles. A completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement was used, in which the main plots were composed of the nurseries and the external environment; the subplots were the hours; and the replications were the collection days. Air temperature data (ºC), relative humidity (%), and black globe humidity index (BGHI) data were collected throughout the day at 10-min intervals, with means compared by Tukey’s test at 0.05 probability level. Instantaneous concentrations of ammonia (ppm), carbon dioxide (ppm), and sound pressure levels (dB(C)) were measured three times daily and analyzed on boxplot graphs. The results showed no difference between the two nurseries with respect to thermal, air, and acoustic environment. The nurseries can be considered uncomfortable for the animals with respect to thermal conditions. Concentrations of gases and sound pressure levels did not exceed the limits established by current regulations. In both nurseries only at 09h00 it was possible to detect sound pressure levels that characterize the condition of comfort thermal of the environment, at the other times, alert and stress conditions were observed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6124871
title: Satellite-based ET estimation using Landsat 8 images and SEBAL model

description: ABSTRACT Estimation of evapotranspiration is a key factor to achieve sustainable water management in irrigated agriculture because it represents water use of crops. Satellite-based estimations provide advantages compared to direct methods as lysimeters especially when the objective is to calculate evapotranspiration at a regional scale. The present study aimed to estimate the actual evapotranspiration (ET) at a regional scale, using Landsat 8 - OLI/TIRS images and complementary data collected from a weather station. SEBAL model was used in South-West Paraná, region composed of irrigated and dry agricultural areas, native vegetation and urban areas. Five Landsat 8 images, row 223 and path 78, DOY 336/2013, 19/2014, 35/2014, 131/2014 and 195/2014 were used, from which ET at daily scale was estimated as a residual of the surface energy balance to produce ET maps. The steps for obtain ET using SEBAL include radiometric calibration, calculation of the reflectance, surface albedo, vegetation indexes (NDVI, SAVI and LAI) and emissivity. These parameters were obtained based on the reflective bands of the orbital sensor with temperature surface estimated from thermal band. The estimated ET values in agricultural areas, native vegetation and urban areas using SEBAL algorithm were compatible with those shown in the literature and ET errors between the ET estimates from SEBAL model and Penman Monteith FAO 56 equation were less than or equal to 1.00 mm day-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6124871.v1
title: Satellite-based ET estimation using Landsat 8 images and SEBAL model

description: ABSTRACT Estimation of evapotranspiration is a key factor to achieve sustainable water management in irrigated agriculture because it represents water use of crops. Satellite-based estimations provide advantages compared to direct methods as lysimeters especially when the objective is to calculate evapotranspiration at a regional scale. The present study aimed to estimate the actual evapotranspiration (ET) at a regional scale, using Landsat 8 - OLI/TIRS images and complementary data collected from a weather station. SEBAL model was used in South-West Paraná, region composed of irrigated and dry agricultural areas, native vegetation and urban areas. Five Landsat 8 images, row 223 and path 78, DOY 336/2013, 19/2014, 35/2014, 131/2014 and 195/2014 were used, from which ET at daily scale was estimated as a residual of the surface energy balance to produce ET maps. The steps for obtain ET using SEBAL include radiometric calibration, calculation of the reflectance, surface albedo, vegetation indexes (NDVI, SAVI and LAI) and emissivity. These parameters were obtained based on the reflective bands of the orbital sensor with temperature surface estimated from thermal band. The estimated ET values in agricultural areas, native vegetation and urban areas using SEBAL algorithm were compatible with those shown in the literature and ET errors between the ET estimates from SEBAL model and Penman Monteith FAO 56 equation were less than or equal to 1.00 mm day-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6124865
title: Fuzzy logic and geostatistics in studying the fertility of soil cultivated with the rubber tree

description: ABSTRACT Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil attributes is an aid to soil management. The aim of this study was to apply fuzzy logic and geostatistics in defining the spatial variability of soil fertility, in soil cultivated with the rubber tree. Soil samples from the 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m layers were collected in a stratified random sampling grid, with a shortest distance of 6 m, for a total of 60 points. The chemical attributes were P, K, Ca, Mg, BS, CEC and V. The spatial dependence of the attributes was determined, and the maps were constructed using ordinary kriging interpolation. The interpolated values were transformed into degrees of pertinence (FI), with the lower and upper limits previously defined, using an increasing model. The nutrient P displayed values in both layers below the recommended lower limit (&lt; 20 mg dm-3). The rules of inference indicated that the total area shown in the fuzzy maps of soil fertility requires the application of correctives and fertiliser, as it has an FI &lt; 0.50 and a percentage area &gt; 50%. This methodology reduced the number of maps for interpreting soil fertility in the area, enabling visualisation of the spatial and gradual variability of the needs of the region.