DOI: 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-1486
title: Efterlønsmodtagere i Svendborg
title: Early Retirement Pensioners in Svendborg, 1987

description: Efterlønsordningen blev indført i Danmark 1.1. 1979. Ved udgangen af 1979 var 49.000 personer på efterløn og ved udgangen af 1986 ca. 100.000.     #  Specialarbejderforbundet i Danmark (SiD) har en relativt stor efterlønsgruppe. I 1987 udgjorde SiD''s mandlige efterlønsmodtagere 40% af samtlige mandlige efterlønsmodtagere, mens SiD''s mandlige medlemmer i alderen 60-66 år udgjorde 33% af samtlige mandlige A-kassemedlemmer. Af de 60-66 årige medlemmer af SiD''s A-kasse er de 69% på efterløn.     #  Ufaglærte arbejdere er den gruppe erhvervsaktive, som udviser den højeste morbiditet, mortalitet, samt incidens af førtidspension. Overhyppigheden af førtidspension blandt ufaglærte arbejdere gælder samtlige diagnosegrupper med undtagelse af psykiatriske lidelser. Det kan derfor formodes, at der blandt ufaglærte efterlønsmodtagere findes flere oversete arbejds- skader, end der er fundet blandt faglærte.     #  Det er formålet med denne undersøgelse at belyse helbredsforholdene blandt ufaglærte arbejdere på efterløn samt undersøge omfanget af oversete arbejdsskader.     #  Undersøgelsespopulationen består af samtlige efterlønsmodtagere registreret som medlemmer af SiD''s afdelinger i Svendborg den 20. marts 1987. Undersøgelsespersonerne blev på forhånd informeret om undersøgelsen gennem et brev samt et møde, hvorefter de blev kontaktet med et postomdelt spørgeskema. Af de udsendte 245 spørgeskemaer blev i alt 219 (89%) returneret i udfyldt stand. De 219 svarpersoner omfatter 210 mænd og 9 kvinder, men ved resultatopgørelsen og analyserne er kun medtaget mænd. Blandt de 210 mænd angav 38%, at helbredsproblemer var medvirkende til beslutningen om at søge efterløn, og 31% angav, at helbredsproblemerne var hovedårsagen til at gå på efterløn.     #  Blandt svarpersonerne mente 26% selv, at de led af erhvervsbetingede lidelser, hvilket er forholdsvis flere, end hvad der tidligere er fundet blandt faglærte arbejdere. På basis af samtale og undersøgelse af 65 indkaldte mænd blev der anmeldt 23 erhvervssygdomme fordelt på 20 personer. Ingen af disse havde tidligere været undersøgt eller anmeldt. Det fundne antal personer med erhvervsbetingede lidelser svarer til ca. 10% af efterlønsmodtagerne. Hyppigste enkeltdiagnose var erhvervsbetinget høretab. Kun 2 ud af 10 personer med denne lidelse havde selv angivet problemer med hørelsen på spørgeskemaet. Hvis de fundne tal kan overføres til hele SiD''s efterlønsgruppe, vil der her kunne findes ca. 2500 personer med oversete arbejdsskader.     #  Tages der hensyn til den påviste underrapportering, bliver tallet endnu større. Det skønnes, at alene med erhvervsbetinget høretab findes der 3000 uerkendte tilfælde blandt SiD''s efterlønsmodtagere. De mange skader vidner om store arbejdsmiljøbelastninger blandt ufaglærte arbejdere
description: The Early Retirement Scheme took effect in Denmark as of 1 January, 1979. At the end of 1979 approx. 49,000 persons had retired on voluntary early retirement pension, and at the end of 1986 the figure was approx. 100,000.     #  The Union of Unskilled and Semi-Skilled Workers in Denmark has a relatively large group of early retirement pensioners. In 1987 the male early retirement pensioners of this union constituted approx. 40% of all male early retirement pensioners, whereas the union's male members between 60 and 66 constituted 33% of all male unemployment fund members. 69% of the 60 to 66-year-old members of the union had retired on early retirement pay.     #  Unskilled workers is the group among persons in active employment which shows the highest rate of morbidity, mortality, and incidence of early retirement. The over-frequency of early retirement among unskilled workers applies to all diagnosis groups with the exception of psychiatric diseases. It is therefore assumed that a larger number of unrecognized occupational diseases is found among unskilled early retirement pensioners than among skilled early retirement pensioners.     #  The purpose of this survey is to examine health conditions of unskilled workers on early retirement pension and to map out the incidence of unrecognized occupational diseases.     #  The respondents are all early retirement pensioners who were registered as members of the Union of Unskilled and Semi-Skilled Workers in Svendborg as of 20 March, 1987. The respondents had been informed about the survey in advance. They had received a letter and a meeting had been held, and afterwards they received a postal questionnaire. A total of 219 persons (89%) returned the completed questionnaire. Of these 210 were men and 9 were women; however, the results and the analyses only include men. 38% of the men stated that health problems contributed to their decision to leave their jobs, and 31% stated that health problems were the primary reason for early retirement.     #  26% of the persons who completed the questionnaire were of the opinion that they suffered from occupationally-conditioned illnesses which was relatively more than previously found among skilled workers. On the basis of interviews with and examination of 65 men, 23 occupational diseases in 20 persons were notified. None of these had previously been examined or notified. The number of persons with occupationally-conditioned diseases corresponds to approx. 10% of the early retirees. The commonest diagnosis was noise-induced hearing-loss. Only 2 out of 10 persons with this condition had stated in the questionnaire that they had problems with hearing. If the figures found are applied for the entire group of early retirees belonging to the Union of Unskilled and Semi-Skilled Workers, approx. 2500 persons have unrecognized occupational diseases.     #  When the under-notification demonstrated here is taken into consideration, the figures will be even greater. It is estimated that 3000 cases of unrecognized noise-induced hearing-loss will be found among early retirees belonging to the Union of Unskilled and Semi-Skilled Workers.     #  The numerous occupational diseases are evidence of frequent exposure to occupational hazards among unskilled workers
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