cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sc33r78
title: Data from: How lovebirds maneuver through lateral gusts with minimal visual information

description: Flying birds maneuver effectively through lateral gusts, even when gust
 speeds are as high as flight speeds. What information birds use to sense
 gusts and how they compensate is largely unknown. We found that lovebirds
 can maneuver through 45-degree lateral gusts similarly well in forest,
 lake, and cave-like visual environments. Despite being diurnal and raised
 in captivity, the birds fly to their goal perch with only a dim point
 light source as a beacon, showing that they do not need optic flow or a
 visual horizon to maneuver. To accomplish this feat, lovebirds primarily
 yaw their bodies into the gust while fixating their head on the goal using
 neck angles of up to 30 degrees. Our corroborated model for proportional
 yaw reorientation and speed control shows how lovebirds can compensate for
 lateral gusts informed by muscle proprioceptive cues from neck twist. The
 neck muscles not only stabilize the lovebirds’ visual and inertial head
 orientations by compensating low-frequency body maneuvers, but also
 attenuate faster 3D wingbeat-induced perturbations. This head
 stabilization enables the vestibular system to sense the direction of
 gravity. Apparently, the visual horizon can be replaced by a gravitational
 horizon to inform the observed horizontal gust compensation maneuvers in
 the dark. Our scaling analysis shows how this minimal sensorimotor
 solution scales favorably for bigger birds, offering local wind angle
 feedback within a wingbeat. The way lovebirds glean wind orientation may
 thus inform minimal control algorithms that enable aerial robots to
 maneuver in similar windy and dark environments.
description: Body Motion Capture
 DataThe positions and
 orientations of the lovebirds' bodies during all flights. See README
 file for details.body_full.mHead Motion Capture DataPositions and orientations of the lovebirds' head during all trials. See README file for details.head_full.mTrial SummaryA spreadsheet giving the conditions for each trial in the same order as they are listed in the data files (body_full.m and head_full.m). See README file for details.Flying in Crosswinds - Trial Summary.xlsxOrnithopter DataMotion capture data for an ornithopter reorienting in a wind tunnelOrnithopterData.mat
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3nv3ss2
title: Data from: Stochasticity and infectious disease dynamics: density and weather effects on a fungal insect pathogen

description: In deterministic models of epidemics, there is a host abundance threshold,
 above which the introduction of a few infected individuals leads to a
 severe epidemic. Studies of weather-driven animal pathogens often assume
 that abundance thresholds will be overwhelmed by weather-driven
 stochasticity, but tests of this assumption are lacking. We collected
 observational and experimental data for a fungal pathogen, {\it
 Entomophaga maimaiga}, that infects the gypsy moth, {\it Lymantria
 dispar}. We used an advanced statistical-computing algorithm to fit
 mechanistic models to our data, such that different models made different
 assumptions about the effects of host density and weather on {\it E.
 maimaiga} epizootics (epidemics in animals). We then used AIC analysis to
 choose the best model. In the best model, epizootics are driven by a
 combination of weather and host density, and the model does an excellent
 job of explaining the data, whereas models that allow only for weather
 effects, or only density-dependence effects, do a poor job of explaining
 the data. Density-dependent transmission in our best model produces a
 host-density threshold, but this threshold is strongly blurred by the
 stochastic effects of weather. Our work shows that host-abundance
 thresholds may be important even if weather strongly affects transmission,
 suggesting that epidemiological models that allow for weather have an
 important role to play in understanding animal pathogens. The success of
 our model means that it could be useful for managing the gypsy moth, an
 important pest of hardwood forests in North America.
description: Kyle et al. 2019 -
 American Naturalist - Dryad Data PackageThis data package
 contains the field data collected during the summers of 2010, 2011, and
 2012 in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan (MI), USA. It contains
 experimental, epizootic, and weather station data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2548jb4
title: Data from: Tracking trends in monarch abundance over the 20th century is currently impossible using museum records

description: [No abstract entered]
description: SupplementData underlying Figs. 1a,b and Fig. 2. Data on monarch abundances from North American Butterfly Association counts from 1977 to 2017. Data on monarch museum specimens extracted from dataset posted to Dryad repository: Boyle JH, Dalgleish HJ, Puzey JR (2019) Data from: Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops. Dryad Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sk37gd2.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jd637pt
title: Data from: Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives

description: The role of osteoblast placement in skeletal morphological variation is
 relatively well understood, but alternative developmental mechanisms
 affecting bone shape remain largely unknown. Specifically, very little
 attention has been paid to variation in later mineralization stages of
 intramembranous ossification as a driver of morphological diversity. We
 discover the occurrence of specific, sometimes large regions of
 nonmineralized osteoid within bones that also contain mineralized tissue.
 We show through a variety of histological, molecular, and tomographic
 tests that this “extended” osteoid material is most likely nonmineralized
 bone matrix. This tissue type is a significant determinant of gill cover
 bone shape in the teleostean suborder Cottoidei. We demonstrate repeated
 evolution of extended osteoid in Cottoidei through ancestral state
 reconstruction and test for an association between its variation and
 habitat differences among species. Through measurement of extended osteoid
 at various stages of gill cover development in species across the
 phylogeny, we gain insight into possible evolutionary developmental
 origins of the trait. We conclude that this fine-tuned developmental
 regulation of bone matrix mineralization reflects heterochrony at multiple
 biological levels and is a novel mechanism for the evolution of diversity
 in skeletal morphology. This research lays the groundwork for a new model
 in which to study bone mineralization and evolutionary developmental
 processes, particularly as they may relate to adaptation during a
 prominent evolutionary radiation of fishes.
description: Image data for
 Cytrynbaum&Small et al. 2019, Evolution LettersThis .zip archive
 contains opercle (OP) photos and silhouettes used for analysis in the
 paper, "Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological
 diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives." Also
 included are morphometric variables (OP size, PC scores, etc.) used in the
 analyses.EvLett_OP_Dryad.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.294g179
title: Data from: Jaw elements in Plumulites bengtsoni confirm that machaeridians are extinct armoured scaleworms

description: Machaeridians are Palaeozoic animals that are dorsally armoured with
 serialized, imbricating shell plates that cover or enclose the body. Prior
 to the discovery of an articulated plumulitid machaeridian from the Early
 Ordovician of Morocco that preserved unambiguous annelid characters
 (segmental parapodia with chaetae), machaeridians were a palaeontological
 mystery, having been previously linked to echinoderms, barnacles,
 tommotiids (putative stem-group brachiopods) or molluscs. Although the
 annelid affinities of machaeridians are now firmly established, their
 position within the phylum and relevance for understanding the early
 evolution of Annelida is less secure, with competing hypotheses placing
 Machaeridia in the stem or deeply nested within the crown group of
 annelids. We describe a scleritome of Plumulites bengtsoni from the
 Fezouata Formation of Morocco that preserves an anterior jaw apparatus
 consisting of four discrete elements with prominent growth lines. Although
 jaws have multiple independent origins within the annelid crown group,
 comparable jaws are present only within Phyllodocida, the clade that
 contains modern aphroditaceans (scaleworms and relatives). Phylogenetic
 analysis places a monophyletic Machaeridia within the crown group of
 Phyllodocida in total-group Aphroditacea, consistent with a common origin
 of machaeridian shell plates and scaleworm elytrae. The inclusion of
 machaeridians in Aphroditacea truncates the ghost lineage of Phyllodocida
 by almost a hundred million years.
description: Hediste micro CT
 dataHediste_longscan.zipMarphysa sp. micro CT datasetmarphysa.zipHarmothoeHarmothoe imbricata microCT datasetParry_etal_2019_MachaeridiaCharacter taxon matrix in NEXUS format
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b61q0c2
title: Data from: Why are monarch butterflies declining in the West? Understanding the importance of multiple correlated drivers

description: Understanding the factors associated with declines of at-risk species is
 an important first step in setting management and recovery targets. This
 step can be challenging when multiple aspects of climate and land use are
 changing simultaneously, and any or all could be contributing to
 population declines. We analyzed population trends of monarch butterflies
 in western North America in relation to likely environmental drivers.
 Unlike the larger eastern monarch population, past analyses of western
 monarchs have only evaluated the importance of climate (i.e., not land
 use) factors as drivers of abundance. We used partial least squares
 regression (PLSR) to evaluate the potential importance of changes in land
 use and climate variables. Trends in western monarch abundance were more
 strongly associated with land use variables than climate variables.
 Conclusions about importance of climate and land use variables were robust
 to changes in PLSR model structure. However, individual variables were too
 collinear to unambiguously separate their effects. We compared these
 conclusions to the more widely used technique of multiple regression,
 followed by multi-model inference (MRMI). Naïve interpretation of MRMI
 results could be misleading, if collinearity were not taken into account.
 MRMI was also highly sensitive to variation in model construction. Our
 results suggest a two-pronged approach to monarch conservation,
 specifically, starting efforts now to restore habitat, while also using
 experiments to more clearly delineate separate effects of climate and land
 use factors. They also demonstrate the utility of PLSR, a technique that
 is growing in use but is still relatively under-appreciated in
 conservation biology.
description: Env Data
 20190625Data used in western
 monarch threats analysis. Metadata included in README
 file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.945c410
title: Data from: Generalized regression neural network association with terahertz spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of benzoic acid additive in wheat flour

description: Investigations were initiated to develop terahertz (THz) techniques
 associated with machine learning methods of generalized neural network
 (GRNN) and back propagation neural network (BPNN) to rapid measure benzoic
 acid (BA) content in wheat flour. The absorption coefficient exhibited a
 maximum absorption peak at 1.94THz, which generally increased with the
 content of BA additive. THz spectra were transformed into orthogonal
 principal component analysis (PCA) scores as the input vectors of GRNN and
 BPNN models. The best GRNN model was achieved with 3 PCA scores and spread
 value of 0.2. Compared with BPNN model, GRNN model to powder samples could
 be considered very successful for quality control of wheat flour with a
 correlation coefficient of prediction (rp) of 0.85 and root mean square
 error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.10%. The results suggest that THz
 technique association with GRNN has significant potential to
 quantitatively analyze BA additive in wheat flour.
description: Data of THz absorption
 coefficients and BA contents is named as data.mat.data.matX is the first derivative spectra of THz absorption coefficientsX.matY is BA contentsY.matfz is the frequencyfz.matDemoBPNN is the program of BPNNDemoBPNN.mDemoGRNN is the program of GRNN algorithmDemoGRNN.mrms is for root mean square of errorrms.mBP is the source code of BPNNBP.m
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.21f0h31
title: Data from: Decreased vigilance or habituation to humans? Mechanisms on increased boldness in urban animals

description: Increased boldness is one of the most prevalent behavioral modifications
 seen in urban animals, and is thought to be a coping response to
 anthropogenic environmental alterations. Most previous studies have shown
 enhanced boldness manifested as changes in responses to humans
 approaching, such as reductions in flight initiation distance (FID).
 However, this includes two confounding factors related to “boldness”,
 i.e., reduction of vigilance and habituation to humans. Confounding these
 totally different processes could lead to our misunderstanding of urban
 adaptation and how to properly manage urban wildlife. Here, we propose a
 simple framework to separate the two processes using two flight distance
 measures toward different approaching threats. We considered that the
 distance at which targeted individuals noticed an approaching object
 (i.e., alert distance, AD) was related to vigilance, whereas FID
 represented risk assessment, which is related to habituation. We applied a
 predictive framework using AD and FID to Eurasian red squirrels’ responses
 to multiple threats of different risk levels (i.e., humans, model
 predators, and novel objects). AD was shorter in urban individauls
 compared to rural ones but not different among the approaching objects.
 FID was shorter in urban individauls and also varied among the objects
 with the shortest FID toward humans, whereas rural individuals showed
 similar FID to the different objects. These results suggest that while
 urban individuals showed reduced vigilance they could still assess
 different risk levels. Our framework can easily be applied to many animals
 and could significantly improve our understanding of wild animals’
 adaptations to urban environments.
description: Uchida_et_al_2019_BEHECOData of Uchida et al. (2019) Behavioral Ecology
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8qb118r
title: Data from: Benefits of normal body mass index on physical fitness: a cross-sectional study among children and adolescents in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China

description: Objective: To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and
 physical fitness index (PFI) among children and adolescents in Xinjiang
 Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Methods: In total, 17,618 children and
 adolescents aged 7–18 years from the selected region were enrolled in this
 cross-sectional study (8,800 boys and 8,818 girls). Participants were
 stratified by age and sex and divided into five groups by BMI percentiles:
 very low (BMI &lt;5th percentile); low, (5th ≤ BMI &lt; 15th
 percentile); normal (15th ≤ BMI &lt; 85th percentile); high (85th ≤
 BMI &lt; 95th percentile); and very high (BMI ≥95th percentile). PFI
 was assessed by height, weight, and five health-related fitness indicators
 (grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, and
 endurance run). Results: BMI was significantly associated with PFI during
 adolescence (13–18 years) in boys and pre-adolescence (7–12 years) in
 girls. Between the ages of 13 and 18 years, an increase in BMI had a
 greater impact on PFI in boys than girls. PFI showed a parabolic
 curvilinear relationship with BMI. Conclusion: Children and adolescents in
 China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with a normal BMI demonstrated
 good physical fitness. A BMI below or above the normal range may
 contribute to poor physical fitness. The relationship between BMI and PFI
 shows an inverted U-shaped curve.
description: BMI,grip strength,
 standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, and endurance
 runPaper
 processing raw data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5dq84v
title: Data from: Developmental control of convergent floral pigmentation across evolutionary timescales

description: Background: Convergent phenotypic evolution has been widely documented
 across timescales, from populations, to species, to major lineages. The
 extent to which convergent phenotypes arise from convergent genetic and
 developmental mechanisms remains an open question, although studies
 to-date reveal examples of both similar and different underlying
 mechanisms. This variation likely relates to a range of factors, including
 the genetic architecture of the trait and selective filtering of mutations
 over time. Here we focus on floral pigmentation, and examine the degree of
 developmental convergence between white-flowered lineages and white morphs
 within pigmented species. Results: Using the model clade Iochrominae, we
 find that white morphs and white-flowered species are biochemically
 convergent, sharing an absence of colorful anthocyanin pigments.
 Regression analyses suggest that the expression levels of upstream genes
 are the strongest drivers of total pigmentation across species, although
 white species also show sharp downregulation of the downstream genes. The
 white morphs do not share this pattern and present overall expression
 profiles more similar to the pigmented species. Conclusions: These results
 suggest that the mechanisms underlying variation within populations differ
 from those which give rise to fixed differences between species. Future
 work will aim to uncover the genetic changes responsible for this
 developmental non-convergence.
description: Larter et al 2019 Dvdy
 Iochrominae development evolution DATAData and code used for
 publication "Developmental control of convergent floral pigmentation
 across evolutionary timescales, Larter, Maximilian, Dunbar-Wallis, Amy,
 Berardi, Andrea E., Smith, Stacey D.".
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p57v3b3
title: Data from: Pattern of population structuring between Belgian and Estonian bumblebees

description: Several population genetic studies investigated the extent of gene flow
 and population connectivity in bumblebees. In general, no restriction in
 gene flow is considered for mainland populations of common bumblebee
 species. Whether this assumption holds true for all species is not known.
 An assessment of bumblebee genetic structure in the context of their
 geographic distribution is needed to prioritize conservation and
 management needs. Here, we conducted a genetic study on seven bumblebee
 species occurring in Belgium and Estonia. Using 16 microsatellite markers,
 we investigated genetic diversity and population structuring in each
 species. This is the first study investigating population structuring of
 both declining and stable bumblebee species on both small and large
 geographic scales. Our results showed no or only low population
 structuring between the populations of the restricted and declining
 bumblebee species on both scales, while significant structuring was found
 for populations of the common species on the larger scale. The latter
 result, which may be due to human or environmental changes in the
 landscape, implies the need for the conservation of also widespread
 bumblebee species. Conservation strategies to improve gene flow and
 connectivity of populations could avoid the isolation and future losses of
 populations of these important species.
description: Genepop file_Microsats
 Belgium_Estonia_DryadA 'big' Excel
 file consisting of seven sheets. Each sheet contains genepop data of 16
 microsatellite loci of three to seven locations, each for a single
 bumblebee species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p4v4n0s
title: Data from: Larger brains spur species diversification in birds

description: Evidence is accumulating that species traits can spur their evolutionary
 diversification through by influencing niche shifts, range expansions, and
 extinction risk. Previous work has shown that larger brains (relative to
 body size) facilitate niche shifts and range expansions by enhancing
 behavioral plasticity but whether larger brains also promote evolutionary
 diversification is currently backed by insufficient evidence. We addressed
 this gap by combining a dataset for &gt;1900 avian species worldwide
 with estimates of diversification rates based on two conceptually
 different phylogenetic-based approaches. We found consistent evidence that
 lineages with larger brains (relative to body size) have diversified
 faster than lineages with relatively smaller brains. The best supported
 trait-dependent model suggest that brain size primarily affects
 diversification rates by increasing speciation rather than decreasing
 extinction rates. In addition, wee found that the effect of relatively
 brain size on species-level diversification rate is additive to the effect
 of other intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Altogether, our results
 highlight the importance of brain size as an important factor in
 evolution, and reinforce the view that intrinsic features of species have
 the potential to influence the pace of evolution.
description: Species traits
 datasetDataset containing the
 list of the 1931 species included in the study, with the corresponding
 information on morphological, ecological, geographical traits and the
 species-level diversification rates.SpeciesTraits.xlsxAnalyses - R scriptR script to run the analyses included in the paper, using the phylogenetic trees and species trait dataset as inputs.BrainDiversification_Rscript.REricson summary treeMaximum clade credibility tree (summary tree) among 100 phylogenetic trees from the Ericson backbone sample (source: Birdtree.org).SummaryTreeEricson.treHackett summary treeMaximum clade credibility tree (summary tree) among 100 phylogenetic trees from the Hackett backbone sample (source: Birdtree.org).SummaryTreeHackett.treSample of 100 phylogenetic treesSample of 100 phylogenetic trees for the 1931 species included in the study, containing 50 trees for each of the backbones (Ericson & Hackett; see birdtree.org for more information).Trees_EriHac100.nex
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qcnvnj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 42 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Sechium tacaco",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 42 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001803-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.