DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c06p34h
title: Data from: Adaptive responses and local stressor mitigation drive coral resilience in warmer, more acidic oceans

description: Coral reefs have great biological and socioeconomic value, but are
 threatened by ocean acidification, climate change, and local human
 impacts. The capacity for corals to adapt or acclimatise to novel
 environmental conditions is unknown but fundamental to projected reef
 futures. The coral reefs of Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i were devastated by
 anthropogenic insults from the 1930s-1970s. These reefs experience
 naturally reduced pH and elevated temperature relative to many other
 Hawaiian reefs which are not expected to face similar conditions for
 decades. Despite catastrophic loss in coral cover due to human
 disturbance, these reefs recovered under low pH and high temperature
 within 20 years after sewage input was diverted. We compare the pH and
 temperature tolerances of three dominant Hawaiian coral species from
 within Kāne‘ohe Bay to conspecifics from a nearby control site and show
 that corals from Kāne‘ohe are far more resistant to acidification and
 warming. These results show that corals can have different pH and
 temperature tolerances among habitats and understanding the mechanisms by
 which coral cover rebounded within two decades under projected future
 ocean conditions will be critical to management. Together these results
 indicate that reducing human stressors offers hope for reef resilience and
 effective conservation over coming decades.
description: Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 GnetCalcification rates over
 3 months for each coral examined in this study. Columns show aquarium
 number (Tank), target temperature treatment (LT = low temperature, MT =
 medium temperature, HT = high temperature), target pH treatment (HpH =
 high pH, MpH = medium pH, LpH = low pH), collection site (KB =
 Kane'ohe Bay, WB = Waimanalo Bay), species (P. acu = Pocillopora
 acuta, M. cap = Montipora capitata, P. com = Porites compressa), and
 calcification rate when normalized to initial weight (Gnet.wt in mg/g/d)
 or to estimated surface area (Gnet.SA in ug/cm2/d). Corals which
 experienced partial mortality or died were dropped from the analysis
 (shown as NA).Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 SurvivorshipCoral survivorship after
 3 months of exposure to the treatments. Columns show target temperature
 treatment (LT = low temperature, MT = medium temperature, HT = high
 temperature), target pH treatment (HpH = high pH, MpH = medium pH, LpH =
 low pH), collection site (KB = Kane'ohe Bay, WB = Waimanalo Bay),
 species (P. acu = Pocillopora acuta, M. cap = Montipora capitata, P. com =
 Porites compressa), and the number of corals of each treatment which fell
 into each of the survivorship categories (Alive = &lt;5% tissue loss,
 Partial mortality = 30-90% tissue loss, Dead = no discernible live
 tissue).Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 pH.meanDaily average pH values
 obtained from morning (pH.min) and evening (pH.max) pH measurements over
 the course of the experiment. Columns correspond to each aquarium in the
 experiment with tank number and target temperature and pH conditions as
 indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 pH.minpH values obtained from
 morning pH measurements over the course of the experiment. Samples were
 collected at ~0845 hr, 15 min before the aquarium lights came on. Columns
 correspond to each aquarium in the experiment with tank number and target
 temperature and pH conditions as indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 pH.maxpH values obtained from
 evening pH measurements over the course of the experiment. Samples were
 collected at ~2045 hr, 15 min before the aquarium lights went off. Columns
 correspond to each aquarium in the experiment with tank number and target
 temperature and pH conditions as indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 pH.dielpH values obtained from
 samples collected every 3 hr over the diel sampling period. Columns
 correspond to each aquarium in the experiment with tank number and target
 temperature and pH conditions as indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 TA.dielTotal alkalinity
 (ueq/kg) values obtained from samples taken every 6 hr during the diel
 sampling period. Columns correspond to each aquarium in the experiment
 with tank number and target temperature and pH conditions as
 indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 pCO2.dielpCO2 (uatm) values
 calculated from samples taken every 6 hr during the diel sampling period.
 Columns correspond to each aquarium in the experiment with tank number and
 target temperature and pH conditions as indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 Omega.arag.dielAragonite saturation
 state values calculated from samples taken every 6 hr during the diel
 sampling period. Columns correspond to each aquarium in the experiment
 with tank number and target temperature and pH conditions as
 indicated.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 Temp.offshoreAvailable offshore
 seawater temperature data (deg C) covering the study
 period.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 Temp.KBAvailable seawater
 temperature data (deg C) from Kane'ohe Bay covering the study
 period.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 Temp.WBAvailable seawater
 temperature data (deg C) for Waimanalo Bay covering the study
 period.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 Temp.anomaly.KBSeawater temperature
 anomalies in Kane'ohe Bay relative to offshore waters (deg C)
 covering the study period.Jury and Toonen. Proc B.
 Temp.anomaly.WBSeawater temperature
 anomalies in Waimanalo Bay relative to offshore waters (deg C) covering
 the study period.