cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126302.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Physical Activity Recommendations in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Physical activity recommendations are hardly studied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and specifically recommendations that are individualized to a patient's aerobic fitness level are not studied. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To compare individualized (relative) and nonindividualized (absolute) physical activity recommendations in patients with COPD and to assess whether there are differences between patients with mild to moderate and (very) severe COPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared 7 different physical activity recommendations that were described in the literature. Four recommendations were individualized based on the patient's aerobic fitness level measured by a maximal cycle ergometer test. Three recommendations were nonindividualized. The recommendations were measured with an accelerometer, pedometer or questionnaire in 115 patients with mild to very severe COPD (68% male, mean age 65 years, mean FEV<sub>1</sub> 58% predicted). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The percentage of patients that met the different recommendations ranged from 22 to 86% and only 8 patients met all 7 recommendations. The agreement between the different recommendations was poor (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.28). Individualizing the recommendations resulted in a higher number of patients with severe or very severe COPD meeting the individualized recommendations compared to the nonindividualized recommendations. In contrast, patients with mild to moderate COPD less frequently met the individualized recommendations. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study showed that applying various physical activity recommendations with small differences in frequency, intensity or time led to large differences in the classification of patients with COPD into being sufficiently physically active or not. Consequently, the used recommendation will highly affect the proposed physical activity advice to the patient.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126287
title: Supplementary Material for: Analysis of Gene-Gene Interactions Using Gene-Trait Similarity Regression

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Gene-gene interactions (G×G) are important to study because of their extensiveness in biological systems and their potential in explaining missing heritability of complex traits. In this work, we propose a new similarity-based test to assess G×G at the gene level, which permits the study of epistasis at biologically functional units with amplified interaction signals. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Under the framework of gene-trait similarity regression (SimReg), we propose a gene-based test for detecting G×G. SimReg uses a regression model to correlate trait similarity with genotypic similarity across a gene. Unlike existing gene-level methods based on leading principal components (PCs), SimReg summarizes all information on genotypic variation within a gene and can be used to assess the joint/interactive effects of two genes as well as the effect of one gene conditional on another. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using simulations and a real data application to the Warfarin study, we show that the SimReg G×G tests have satisfactory power and robustness under different genetic architecture when compared to existing gene-based interaction tests such as PC analysis or partial least squares. A genome-wide association study with approx. 20,000 genes may be completed on a parallel computing system in 2 weeks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126290
title: Supplementary Material for: Adherence-Related Issues in Adolescents and Young Adults with Hematological Disorders

description: Nonadherence to medical recommendations is a widespread problem well documented in a multitude of clinical settings. Nonadherence may adversely affect clinical outcomes such as survival and quality of life and increase health-care-related costs. An understanding of the factors driving nonadherence is key to developing effective adherence-enhancing interventions (AEIs). There are ongoing attempts in contemporary adherence research to better define the various components of adherence, to find optimal measures of adherence and correlations with clinical outcomes, and to create a classification system for AEIs. Nonadherence is also widely prevalent among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic hematological diseases, affecting up to 50% of patients and increasing with age. Combined use of objective (i.e. electronic monitoring, EM) and subjective (i.e. self-report) measures of adherence may be the preferred approach to assess adherence. The unique physical, social and emotional aspects of the AYA life stage are closely related to intricate causes of nonadherence in AYAs such as problems in transition to adult care. Until proven otherwise, the empirical target in AYAs with hematological disorders should be perfect adherence. Multilevel AEIs, EM feedback and behavioral interventions are among the most effective types of AEIs. Despite the magnitude of the problem, only a handful of AEIs have been evaluated among AYAs with hematological disorders. Thus, this is a field with unmet needs warranting high-quality trials using standardized and well-specified assessment methods and interventions. This review discusses the prevalence, definition, causes and clinical implications of nonadherence among AYAs with hematological disorders, along with strategies to measure and improve adherence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126296.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Self-Medication of Psoriasis in Southwestern China

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Medication adherence is essential for psoriasis management. Although studies have determined the prevalence and correlative factors of non-adherence, as far as we know, there has been no study specifically addressing them in China. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Anonymous 23-item questionnaires were distributed to 324 psoriatic patients from June 2012 to June 2013. χ<sup>2</sup> test, normality test, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni correction and the binary logistic regression model were applied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Self-medication of psoriasis was high in China (82.4%). Joint involvement, absence of communication with families and short communication duration with doctors were the three top factors affecting adherence. Besides low efficacy (16.0%) and recurrence frustration (27.0%), we found that patients' deception by sham advertisings (24.1%) is an non-negligible issue. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Psoriasis self-medication in China was high. Improvement of patients' communication with families and/or doctors were suggested to be crucial to enhance adherence. Meanwhile, extermination of sham advertisings by administrative agencies is of great concern.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126290.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Adherence-Related Issues in Adolescents and Young Adults with Hematological Disorders

description: Nonadherence to medical recommendations is a widespread problem well documented in a multitude of clinical settings. Nonadherence may adversely affect clinical outcomes such as survival and quality of life and increase health-care-related costs. An understanding of the factors driving nonadherence is key to developing effective adherence-enhancing interventions (AEIs). There are ongoing attempts in contemporary adherence research to better define the various components of adherence, to find optimal measures of adherence and correlations with clinical outcomes, and to create a classification system for AEIs. Nonadherence is also widely prevalent among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic hematological diseases, affecting up to 50% of patients and increasing with age. Combined use of objective (i.e. electronic monitoring, EM) and subjective (i.e. self-report) measures of adherence may be the preferred approach to assess adherence. The unique physical, social and emotional aspects of the AYA life stage are closely related to intricate causes of nonadherence in AYAs such as problems in transition to adult care. Until proven otherwise, the empirical target in AYAs with hematological disorders should be perfect adherence. Multilevel AEIs, EM feedback and behavioral interventions are among the most effective types of AEIs. Despite the magnitude of the problem, only a handful of AEIs have been evaluated among AYAs with hematological disorders. Thus, this is a field with unmet needs warranting high-quality trials using standardized and well-specified assessment methods and interventions. This review discusses the prevalence, definition, causes and clinical implications of nonadherence among AYAs with hematological disorders, along with strategies to measure and improve adherence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126284
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness with Emergency Hospitalization in People with Chronic Kidney Disease

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and serious mental illness (SMI) are both associated with an increased risk for repeated hospitalization. The objective of this study was to determine if co-occurring SMI exacerbates the risk for subsequent hospitalization, particularly through the emergency department (ED), among people with CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> People hospitalized in Washington State from April 2006 to December 2008 were separated into cohorts with diagnoses of CKD (n = 31,166), SMI (defined by schizophrenia and/or mood disorder; n = 20,167) or CKD with co-occurring SMI (n = 717), and a reference cohort without either diagnosis (n = 548,532). Main outcomes were rehospitalization for condition(s) other than mental illness: (1) through the ED; (2) any admission, and (3) admission resulting in death. Cox regression was used to analyze time to main outcomes controlling for prespecified covariates associated with rehospitalization. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The risk of rehospitalization via the ED was increased for people with CKD (hazard ratio, HR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.21-1.28, p &lt; 0.001) and co-occurring SMI (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.29-1.38, p &lt; 0.001) cohorts, but was significantly greater in the combined cohort (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.40-1.73, p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the risk of any rehospitalization was increased for CKD (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.17-1.25, p &lt; 0.001) and co-occurring SMI (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.11-1.17, p &lt; 0.001) cohorts, while a significantly greater risk was observed for the combined cohort (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.24-1.48, p &lt; 0.001). The risk of rehospitalization resulting in death was not significantly increased in the combined cohort. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In people with CKD, co-occurring SMI increased the risk of experiencing rehospitalization, particularly through the ED. Studies of strategies to address SMI in the CKD population are needed to mitigate the risk of repeat hospital admissions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126293.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Non-Axial View of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Portal Protein Reveals Conserved Crown, Wing and Clip Architecture

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Herpesviridae encode a family of protein homologues that function as the ‘port of entry' for insertion of the viral DNA into preformed capsids during encapsidation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of recombinant varicella-zoster virus pORF54 was performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Results suggest that pORF54 forms higher-order structures with itself. Enriched fractions analyzed by TEM revealed non-axial oriented portals with defined central channels and distinguishable crown, wing and clip regions. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These morphological features are consistent with those previously reported for other herpesvirus and bacteriophage portal proteins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126275
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictors of Outcome following Stroke due to Isolated M2 Occlusions

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Factors influencing outcome after cerebral artery occlusion are not completely understood. Although it is well accepted that the site of arterial occlusion critically influences outcome, the majority of studies investigating this issue has focused on proximal large artery occlusion. To gain a better understanding of factors influencing outcome after distal large artery occlusion, we sought to assess predictors of outcome following isolated M2 middle cerebral artery occlusion infarcts. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analyzed patients with isolated acute M2 occlusion admitted to a single academic center from January 2010 to August 2012. Baseline clinical, laboratory imaging, and outcome data were assessed from a prospectively collected database. Factors associated with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2 in univariable analyses (p &lt; 0.05) were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. The Admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (aNIHSS) score, age, and infarct volume were also entered as dichotomized variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to determine the optimal aNIHSS score, infarct volume, and age cut points predicting an mRS score ≤2. Optimal thresholds were determined by maximizing the Youden index. Respective multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of a good 90-day outcome (mRS score ≤2; primary analysis) as well as 90-day mortality (secondary outcome). <b><i>Results:</i></b> 90 patients with isolated M2 occlusion were included in the final analyses. Of these, 69% had a good 90-day outcome which was associated with age &lt;80 years (p = 0.007), aNIHSS &lt;10 (p = 0.002), and infarct volume ≤26 ml (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, 20% of patients (64% of those with a poor outcome) had died by 90 days. Secondary analysis for 90-day mortality was performed. This analysis indicated that infarct volume &gt;28 ml (OR 11.874, 95% CI 2.630-53.604, p = 0.001), age &gt;80 years (OR 4.953, 95% CI 1.087-22.563, p = 0.039), need for intubation (OR 7.788, 95% CI 1.072-56.604), and history of congestive heart failure (OR 5.819, 95% CI 1.140-29.695) were independent predictors of 90-day mortality (20% of all included patients). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> While the majority of patients with isolated M2 occlusion stroke has a good 90-day outcome, a substantial proportion of subjects dies by 90 days, as identified by a unique subset of predictors. The knowledge gained from our study may lead to an improvement in the prognostic accuracy, clinical management, and resource utilization in this patient population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126278
title: Supplementary Material for: Assessment with Unenhanced MRI Techniques of Renal Morphology and Hemodynamic Changes during Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Changes in renal oxygenation and perfusion have been identified as common pathways to the development and progression of renal disease. Recently, the sensitivity of hemodynamic response imaging (HRI) was demonstrated; this is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method combined with transient hypercapnia and hyperoxia for the evaluation of renal perfusion and vascular reactivity. The aim of this study was to utilize HRI for the noninvasive evaluation of changes in renal hemodynamics and morphology during acute, chronic and acute-on-chronic renal failures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Renal-HRI maps and true fast imaging with steady-state precession (True-FISP) images were used to evaluate renal perfusion, morphology and corticomedullary differentiation (CMD). MR images were acquired on two mouse models of kidney injury: adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Serum urea was measured from these mice in order to determine renal function. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Renal-HRI maps revealed a blunted response to hypercapnia and hyperoxia with evolving kidney dysfunction in both models, reflecting hampered renal vascular reactivity and perfusion. True-FISP images showed a high sensitivity to renal morphological changes, with different patterns characterizing each model. Calculated data obtained from HRI and True-FISP during the evolution of renal failure and upon recovery, with and without protective intervention, closely correlated with the degree of renal impairment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study suggests the potential combined usage of two noninvasive MRI methods, HRI and True-FISP, for the assessment of renal dysfunction without the potential risk associated with contrast-agents administration. HRI may also serve as a research tool in experimental settings, revealing the hemodynamic changes associated with kidney dysfunction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126281
title: Supplementary Material for: Potassium-Binding Resins: Associations with Serum Chemistries and Interdialytic Weight Gain in Hemodialysis Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although potassium-binding sodium-based resins (K resins) have been prescribed to treat hyperkalemia for 50 years, there have been no large studies of their effects among hemodialysis (HD) patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from 11,409 patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study in Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, and Sweden (nations where ≥5% of patients were prescribed a sodium- based K resin; seven other countries had &lt;5% use) between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed. Linear mixed models examined associations between K resin use and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and serum electrolyte concentrations. Mortality was analyzed using Cox regression. An instrumental variable approach was used to partially account for unmeasured confounders. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The K resin prescription rate was 20% overall. As hypothesized, patients prescribed a K resin had greater IDWG and higher serum bicarbonate, phosphorus, and sodium (but not calcium) concentrations. Patients prescribed a K resin had higher serum K levels, but serum K levels were lower in an instrumental variable analysis limiting treatment by indication bias. K resin use was not associated with mortality risk. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We report the first large study of K resin use and associated laboratory and clinical outcomes in HD patients. The prescription rate of K resins varied dramatically by country and dialysis center. The results suggest that K resin use may effectively lower serum K, although at the expense of somewhat higher phosphatemia and greater IDWG, and had no clear association with mortality. Further study is warranted to elucidate the optimal role for K resins in modern dialysis care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126284.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness with Emergency Hospitalization in People with Chronic Kidney Disease

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and serious mental illness (SMI) are both associated with an increased risk for repeated hospitalization. The objective of this study was to determine if co-occurring SMI exacerbates the risk for subsequent hospitalization, particularly through the emergency department (ED), among people with CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> People hospitalized in Washington State from April 2006 to December 2008 were separated into cohorts with diagnoses of CKD (n = 31,166), SMI (defined by schizophrenia and/or mood disorder; n = 20,167) or CKD with co-occurring SMI (n = 717), and a reference cohort without either diagnosis (n = 548,532). Main outcomes were rehospitalization for condition(s) other than mental illness: (1) through the ED; (2) any admission, and (3) admission resulting in death. Cox regression was used to analyze time to main outcomes controlling for prespecified covariates associated with rehospitalization. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The risk of rehospitalization via the ED was increased for people with CKD (hazard ratio, HR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.21-1.28, p &lt; 0.001) and co-occurring SMI (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.29-1.38, p &lt; 0.001) cohorts, but was significantly greater in the combined cohort (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.40-1.73, p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the risk of any rehospitalization was increased for CKD (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.17-1.25, p &lt; 0.001) and co-occurring SMI (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.11-1.17, p &lt; 0.001) cohorts, while a significantly greater risk was observed for the combined cohort (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.24-1.48, p &lt; 0.001). The risk of rehospitalization resulting in death was not significantly increased in the combined cohort. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In people with CKD, co-occurring SMI increased the risk of experiencing rehospitalization, particularly through the ED. Studies of strategies to address SMI in the CKD population are needed to mitigate the risk of repeat hospital admissions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5126287.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Analysis of Gene-Gene Interactions Using Gene-Trait Similarity Regression

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Gene-gene interactions (G×G) are important to study because of their extensiveness in biological systems and their potential in explaining missing heritability of complex traits. In this work, we propose a new similarity-based test to assess G×G at the gene level, which permits the study of epistasis at biologically functional units with amplified interaction signals. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Under the framework of gene-trait similarity regression (SimReg), we propose a gene-based test for detecting G×G. SimReg uses a regression model to correlate trait similarity with genotypic similarity across a gene. Unlike existing gene-level methods based on leading principal components (PCs), SimReg summarizes all information on genotypic variation within a gene and can be used to assess the joint/interactive effects of two genes as well as the effect of one gene conditional on another. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using simulations and a real data application to the Warfarin study, we show that the SimReg G×G tests have satisfactory power and robustness under different genetic architecture when compared to existing gene-based interaction tests such as PC analysis or partial least squares. A genome-wide association study with approx. 20,000 genes may be completed on a parallel computing system in 2 weeks.