cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.23641/asha.19945838
title: Dual-task effects on speech production in children (Eichorn & Pirutinsky, 2022)

description: <strong>Purpose: </strong>Contemporary motor theories indicate that well-practiced movements are best performed automatically, without conscious attention or monitoring. We applied this perspective to speech production in school-age children and examined how dual-task conditions that engaged sustained attention affected speech fluency, speech rate, and language productivity in children with and without stuttering disorders. <strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 47 children (19 children who stutter, 28 children who do not stutter) from 7 to 12 years of age. Children produced speech in two baseline conditions with no concurrent task and under a dual-task condition requiring sustained attention to on-screen stimuli. Measures of speech fluency, speech rate, and language productivity were obtained for each trial and compared across conditions and groups. <strong>Results: </strong>Dual-task conditions resulted in a reduction in stutter-like disfluencies relative to the initial baseline speaking condition. Effects were similar for both groups of children and could not be attributed to decreases in language productivity or a simple order effect. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that diverting attention during the process of speech production enhances speech fluency in children, possibly by increasing the automaticity of motor speech sequences. Further research is needed to clarify neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these changes and to evaluate potential clinical applications of such effects. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S1.</strong> Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of stuttering-like disfluencies. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S2.</strong> Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of non-stuttering-like disfluencies. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S3. </strong>Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of stuttering-like disfluencies excluding bilingual participants (<em>n</em> = 3). <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S4.</strong> Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of non-stuttering-like disfluencies excluding bilingual participants (<em>n</em> = 3). <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S5. </strong>Results of final models of stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs; M4) and non-stuttering-like disfluencies (non-SLDs; M4) excluding bilingual participants (<em>n</em> = 3). <br> Eichorn, N., & Pirutinsky, S. (2022). Dual-task effects on concurrent speech production in school-age children with and without stuttering disorders. <em>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</em>. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00426 <br>
DOI: 10.23641/asha.19945838.v1
title: Dual-task effects on speech production in children (Eichorn & Pirutinsky, 2022)

description: <strong>Purpose: </strong>Contemporary motor theories indicate that well-practiced movements are best performed automatically, without conscious attention or monitoring. We applied this perspective to speech production in school-age children and examined how dual-task conditions that engaged sustained attention affected speech fluency, speech rate, and language productivity in children with and without stuttering disorders. <strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 47 children (19 children who stutter, 28 children who do not stutter) from 7 to 12 years of age. Children produced speech in two baseline conditions with no concurrent task and under a dual-task condition requiring sustained attention to on-screen stimuli. Measures of speech fluency, speech rate, and language productivity were obtained for each trial and compared across conditions and groups. <strong>Results: </strong>Dual-task conditions resulted in a reduction in stutter-like disfluencies relative to the initial baseline speaking condition. Effects were similar for both groups of children and could not be attributed to decreases in language productivity or a simple order effect. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that diverting attention during the process of speech production enhances speech fluency in children, possibly by increasing the automaticity of motor speech sequences. Further research is needed to clarify neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these changes and to evaluate potential clinical applications of such effects. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S1.</strong> Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of stuttering-like disfluencies. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S2.</strong> Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of non-stuttering-like disfluencies. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S3. </strong>Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of stuttering-like disfluencies excluding bilingual participants (<em>n</em> = 3). <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S4.</strong> Model fit of sequential generalized multilevel regression models of non-stuttering-like disfluencies excluding bilingual participants (<em>n</em> = 3). <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S5. </strong>Results of final models of stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs; M4) and non-stuttering-like disfluencies (non-SLDs; M4) excluding bilingual participants (<em>n</em> = 3). <br> Eichorn, N., & Pirutinsky, S. (2022). Dual-task effects on concurrent speech production in school-age children with and without stuttering disorders. <em>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</em>. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00426 <br>
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5786618
title: Computation Time, Searched Nodes and Path Length for Navigation Using Improved A-Star, Directional ORCA and FLC-ORCA

description: Naivation simulation using Improved A*, Directional ORCA and Novel FLC-ORCA method. The computational times, searched nodes and path length are recorded for comparison. A simulation study for Robotic Navigation Aid (RNA)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5786617
title: Computation Time, Searched Nodes and Path Length for Navigation Using Improved A-Star, Directional ORCA and FLC-ORCA

description: Naivation simulation using Improved A*, Directional ORCA and Novel FLC-ORCA method. The computational times, searched nodes and path length are recorded for comparison. A simulation study for Robotic Navigation Aid (RNA)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19537355
title: The response of Military Lower Extremity and Hybrid III leg using the Hybrid III and EuroSID-2 ATD in vertical loading impacts

description: Antivehicular landmines (AVLs) and underbelly improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are found to be some of the major threats for military vehicles and their occupants. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) such as the 50th percentile Hybrid III (HIII) and EuroSID2-re (ES2-re) are used to assess injury caused by AVLs or IEDs in order to develop mitigation strategies by analyzing lower leg data in tibia load cells. This article presents the evaluation of the injury measurement response of the Hybrid III and ES2-re ATDs using both the HIII and Military Lower Extremity (MIL-LX) instrumented lower legs impacted by the Modified Lower Limb Impactor (MLLI). The MIL-LX leg tested with the HIII ATD measures higher forces than when tested with the ES2-re ATD. In general, the MIL-LX upper tibia load cell measures peak forces that are considerably lower than that measured by the HIII lower leg with both the HIII and ES2-re ATD. The HIII leg fails earlier with both the HIII and ES2-re ATD compared to the MIL-LX leg. The study shows that the HIII and MIL-LX lower leg are not equivalent in their assessment of protective capability of armored vehicles when either attached to the HIII or ES2-re ATD. These results show the importance of selecting the correct lower leg surrogate during AVL or IED testing, which can lead to a pass or fail of the armored vehicle. These findings offer insight into the response of each surrogate lower leg with the different ATDs and can be used to develop new mitigation strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19537355.v1
title: The response of Military Lower Extremity and Hybrid III leg using the Hybrid III and EuroSID-2 ATD in vertical loading impacts

description: Antivehicular landmines (AVLs) and underbelly improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are found to be some of the major threats for military vehicles and their occupants. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) such as the 50th percentile Hybrid III (HIII) and EuroSID2-re (ES2-re) are used to assess injury caused by AVLs or IEDs in order to develop mitigation strategies by analyzing lower leg data in tibia load cells. This article presents the evaluation of the injury measurement response of the Hybrid III and ES2-re ATDs using both the HIII and Military Lower Extremity (MIL-LX) instrumented lower legs impacted by the Modified Lower Limb Impactor (MLLI). The MIL-LX leg tested with the HIII ATD measures higher forces than when tested with the ES2-re ATD. In general, the MIL-LX upper tibia load cell measures peak forces that are considerably lower than that measured by the HIII lower leg with both the HIII and ES2-re ATD. The HIII leg fails earlier with both the HIII and ES2-re ATD compared to the MIL-LX leg. The study shows that the HIII and MIL-LX lower leg are not equivalent in their assessment of protective capability of armored vehicles when either attached to the HIII or ES2-re ATD. These results show the importance of selecting the correct lower leg surrogate during AVL or IED testing, which can lead to a pass or fail of the armored vehicle. These findings offer insight into the response of each surrogate lower leg with the different ATDs and can be used to develop new mitigation strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19601703.v1
title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of curbs on crash outcomes

description: Road traffic crashes involving vertical curbs are commonly reported to occur on highways and expressways in India. We found a gap in terms of systematically assessing the evidence of the impact of curbs on road safety outcomes in the real world. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of curbs on the risk of road traffic injuries. We used keywords in a database of records prepared by an earlier evidence gap map (EGM). The EGM used a comprehensive search strategy including 6 academic database, 17 organizational websites, hand searching, contacting experts and back referencing. We found 4 studies that evaluated impact of a curbed median or a curbed shoulder. We found that the presence of a curb on a median increases the risk for all crashes, all single-vehicle crashes, all median-related crashes and median-related injury crashes. The data also indicate that the severity of accidents reduces for curbs on median while it increases for curbs on shoulder, though the latter effect is not statistically significant. All the epidemiological studies were conducted on rural highways and did not report effects for different traffic speeds or vehicle types. However, our review of crash tests and simulation studies indicates that the impact of a curb design may be highly sensitive to speed and vehicle types. The safety impacts of a curb depend on the context of the road. In an urban road, a curb should ensure safety of pedestrians from an errant vehicle. On high-speed rural roads, curbs should be avoided and treatments should facilitate safe departure of the vehicle from the roadway.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19620457
title: Characteristics of suicide-related crashes and their potential interventions: A literature review

description: To develop countermeasures to decrease road trauma, it is essential to increase our understanding of fatal and injury crashes with suicidal intent. As suicide-related crashes can be difficult to identify it seems likely suicide-related road fatalities and injuries are under-reported. Under-reported crashes may lead to two policy issues: these types of casualty crashes may not receive adequate funding for countermeasure development and implementation due to not having a sufficient evidence-basis to justify allocation of resources, and may be miscategorized as having other factors contributing to the crashes, thus resources may be incorrectly allocated to countermeasures to address these other factors. This paper seeks to develop and document characteristics and potential countermeasures to identify and prevent such crashes. Two literature reviews of peer-reviewed journal manuscripts were performed to identify suicide-crash characteristics and potential countermeasures and strategies. Of 61 peer-reviewed journal manuscripts identified from the literature searches, 17 manuscripts fit the criteria and were reviewed. Information regarding the characteristics of suicide-related crashes, as well as potential strategies and countermeasures were gleaned from these manuscripts. A list of characteristics was developed, underpinning development of a methodology to identify these types of crashes. Strategies and countermeasures recommended by international (road-) agencies to identify and prevent suicide-related crashes were documented and discussed. As suicide-related crashes almost always take place in public space, the grief and pain resulting from such crashes not only relates to the victim, the people who knew the victim, but in many cases also involve the general public. It is therefore paramount to start the discussion about suicide-related crashes to increase awareness, increase willingness to establish a reliable data and knowledge base, and encourage help seeking in individuals at increased risk of attempting suicide using this method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19620457.v1
title: Characteristics of suicide-related crashes and their potential interventions: A literature review

description: To develop countermeasures to decrease road trauma, it is essential to increase our understanding of fatal and injury crashes with suicidal intent. As suicide-related crashes can be difficult to identify it seems likely suicide-related road fatalities and injuries are under-reported. Under-reported crashes may lead to two policy issues: these types of casualty crashes may not receive adequate funding for countermeasure development and implementation due to not having a sufficient evidence-basis to justify allocation of resources, and may be miscategorized as having other factors contributing to the crashes, thus resources may be incorrectly allocated to countermeasures to address these other factors. This paper seeks to develop and document characteristics and potential countermeasures to identify and prevent such crashes. Two literature reviews of peer-reviewed journal manuscripts were performed to identify suicide-crash characteristics and potential countermeasures and strategies. Of 61 peer-reviewed journal manuscripts identified from the literature searches, 17 manuscripts fit the criteria and were reviewed. Information regarding the characteristics of suicide-related crashes, as well as potential strategies and countermeasures were gleaned from these manuscripts. A list of characteristics was developed, underpinning development of a methodology to identify these types of crashes. Strategies and countermeasures recommended by international (road-) agencies to identify and prevent suicide-related crashes were documented and discussed. As suicide-related crashes almost always take place in public space, the grief and pain resulting from such crashes not only relates to the victim, the people who knew the victim, but in many cases also involve the general public. It is therefore paramount to start the discussion about suicide-related crashes to increase awareness, increase willingness to establish a reliable data and knowledge base, and encourage help seeking in individuals at increased risk of attempting suicide using this method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19636472
title: Understanding the growing role of driving anger in the risk of traffic incidents involving Vietnamese motorcyclists

description: This study validates the Vietnamese versions of the Driving Anger Scale and Driving Anger Expression Inventory, two prominent instruments for determining driving anger proneness and expression. Using these scales, the authors investigate the relationships between driving anger and motorcyclists' on-road risks in Vietnam. Factor analyses are conducted to explore the dimensional constructs of the two scales with a dataset of 960 Vietnamese motorcyclists. The t-tests were applied to assess the differences in driving anger levels between motorcyclists' subgroups. Negative binomial regression is used to predict the probability of motorcyclists' traffic incidents based on driving anger factors and individual differences. The Vietnamese Driving Anger Scale has three factors, including Hostile gestures (α=.78), Unpleasant conditions (α=.80), and Traffic violations (α=.74). Hostile gestures elicit the most driving anger among Vietnamese motorcyclists. Besides, females report higher propensities for driving anger than males over three anger-provoking factors. The Driving Anger Expression Inventory has a two-factor structure, including Aggressive expressions (α=.83) and Adaptive expressions (α=.74). Vietnamese motorcyclists are more prone to have adaptive expressions than aggressive expressions when angry on-road. The regression results reveal the significant effects of gender and two factors of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory on the probability of traffic incidences. Females have considerably fewer traffic accidents and offenses than males. Besides, the number of minor crashes and violations grows by 1.54 and 1.93 times with each unit rise of the Aggressive expressions factor. Increasing adaptive expression level is associated with a decrease in the numbers of major crashes and offenses (40% and 19% less, respectively). This study provides insights into driving anger in Vietnam, a motorcycle-dominant country. The findings corroborate the Vietnamese versions of the Driving Anger Scale and Driving Anger Expression Inventory, which contributes to understanding the formation and expression of driving anger and its roles in predicting driving outcomes. Furthermore, the higher on-road risks of males and motorcyclists with more aggressive expressions are highlighted. Generally, enhancing the risk perception about driving anger and promoting the advantages of on-road adaptive expressions may significantly reduce traffic issues in Vietnam.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19601703
title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of curbs on crash outcomes

description: Road traffic crashes involving vertical curbs are commonly reported to occur on highways and expressways in India. We found a gap in terms of systematically assessing the evidence of the impact of curbs on road safety outcomes in the real world. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of curbs on the risk of road traffic injuries. We used keywords in a database of records prepared by an earlier evidence gap map (EGM). The EGM used a comprehensive search strategy including 6 academic database, 17 organizational websites, hand searching, contacting experts and back referencing. We found 4 studies that evaluated impact of a curbed median or a curbed shoulder. We found that the presence of a curb on a median increases the risk for all crashes, all single-vehicle crashes, all median-related crashes and median-related injury crashes. The data also indicate that the severity of accidents reduces for curbs on median while it increases for curbs on shoulder, though the latter effect is not statistically significant. All the epidemiological studies were conducted on rural highways and did not report effects for different traffic speeds or vehicle types. However, our review of crash tests and simulation studies indicates that the impact of a curb design may be highly sensitive to speed and vehicle types. The safety impacts of a curb depend on the context of the road. In an urban road, a curb should ensure safety of pedestrians from an errant vehicle. On high-speed rural roads, curbs should be avoided and treatments should facilitate safe departure of the vehicle from the roadway.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19636472.v1
title: Understanding the growing role of driving anger in the risk of traffic incidents involving Vietnamese motorcyclists

description: This study validates the Vietnamese versions of the Driving Anger Scale and Driving Anger Expression Inventory, two prominent instruments for determining driving anger proneness and expression. Using these scales, the authors investigate the relationships between driving anger and motorcyclists' on-road risks in Vietnam. Factor analyses are conducted to explore the dimensional constructs of the two scales with a dataset of 960 Vietnamese motorcyclists. The t-tests were applied to assess the differences in driving anger levels between motorcyclists' subgroups. Negative binomial regression is used to predict the probability of motorcyclists' traffic incidents based on driving anger factors and individual differences. The Vietnamese Driving Anger Scale has three factors, including Hostile gestures (α=.78), Unpleasant conditions (α=.80), and Traffic violations (α=.74). Hostile gestures elicit the most driving anger among Vietnamese motorcyclists. Besides, females report higher propensities for driving anger than males over three anger-provoking factors. The Driving Anger Expression Inventory has a two-factor structure, including Aggressive expressions (α=.83) and Adaptive expressions (α=.74). Vietnamese motorcyclists are more prone to have adaptive expressions than aggressive expressions when angry on-road. The regression results reveal the significant effects of gender and two factors of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory on the probability of traffic incidences. Females have considerably fewer traffic accidents and offenses than males. Besides, the number of minor crashes and violations grows by 1.54 and 1.93 times with each unit rise of the Aggressive expressions factor. Increasing adaptive expression level is associated with a decrease in the numbers of major crashes and offenses (40% and 19% less, respectively). This study provides insights into driving anger in Vietnam, a motorcycle-dominant country. The findings corroborate the Vietnamese versions of the Driving Anger Scale and Driving Anger Expression Inventory, which contributes to understanding the formation and expression of driving anger and its roles in predicting driving outcomes. Furthermore, the higher on-road risks of males and motorcyclists with more aggressive expressions are highlighted. Generally, enhancing the risk perception about driving anger and promoting the advantages of on-road adaptive expressions may significantly reduce traffic issues in Vietnam.