cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5065/cjys-r447
title: Scatterometer Climatology of Ocean Winds (SCOW), by Risien et al.

description: This dataset consists of twelve variables for global seasonal cycles of the wind and wind stress fields estimated from the 10-year record (September 1999 - October 2009) of wind measurements by the NASA QuikSCAT scatterometer. Seasonal cycles for these variables were estimated using harmonic analysis where each multi-year time series of monthly means was fitted to a nine-parameter regression model consisting of a constant plus four harmonics. Only monthly global maps (January - December), constructed from the annual and semiannual harmonics, for the twelve SCOW wind variables are archived here, while the regression coefficients from which the monthly values were computed, as well as example scripts, can be downloaded from SCOW web site [http://numbat.coas.oregonstate.edu/scow/example_code.html]. For researchers interested in more than just the annual and semiannual harmonics, these regression coefficients include the higher-order 3 and 4 cycles per year harmonics. The regression coefficients allow easy calculation of the seasonal cycle at each grid location at an arbitrary time interval.
DOI: 10.5065/2bv8-e088
title: Antarctic Monthly Sea-Ice Area Analyses

description: Monthly sea-ice area data is available for each 10 degrees of longitude for Antarctica starting January 1973. These data are based on weekly charts prepared by the Navy-NOAA Joint Ice Center.
DOI: 10.5065/7ck4-f414
title: Northern Hemisphere Surface Pressure and Precipitation Grids from the U.S.S.R.

description: This data set contains Northern Hemisphere surface pressure and precipitation data prepared by the U.S.S.R. The surface pressure grids include average monthly pressures for 1873-1981 and climatological normals by month for 1873-1973 and 1931-1960. Precipitation grids include percentages of normal for all Januarys and all Julys for 1891-1979.
DOI: 10.5065/qtde-md26
title: Terrestrial Water Budget Data Archive

description: The dataset authors have created a terrestrial water budget data archive on a 1-degree grid. They identified 13332 global stations with complete records and created 30-year (1950-1979) climatological means for each month of the year for air temperature, precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and snow cover. These monthly climatological means were then interpolated to the 1-degree gridpoints. This data set contains both the gridpoint individual station data.
DOI: 10.5065/sqyh-dk14
title: Pacific Sea Level Height Station Observations

description: The hourly, daily, and monthly Pacific sea level heights in this dataset were analyzed at the TOGA Sea Level Data Center.
DOI: 10.5065/7z2r-ka59
title: U.K. Global Permanent Service Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) Observations

description: NOTE: THIS DATASET HAS BEEN SUPERSEDED BY OTHER DATASETS. See the links section below.
DOI: 10.5065/xfwz-9187
title: NODC EPOCS Drifting Buoy Observations

description: These drifting buoy data, collected for the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS), contain sea-surface temperature data at six-hourly intervals.
DOI: 10.5065/7dwj-sg31
title: Canadian ISDM (formerly MEDS) Drifting Buoy Observations

description: Canadian quality-controlled Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM, formerly MEDS) drifting (and some moored) buoy data, used as input for International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). Data from drifters with deep drogues [http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/isdm-gdsi/drib-bder/index-eng.html], collected by the Institut fur Meereskunde, at the University of Kiel from 1980 to 1996, are also archived in this dataset.
DOI: 10.5065/mkag-c843
title: Arctic Surface Temperature and Pressure from Argos Buoys

description: University of Washington Polar Science Center Argos buoy data for January-June and October-December 1987. This data is supplied by the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Dataset includes gridded surface temperature for 1979-1986 and pressure for 1979-1990.
DOI: 10.5065/pvc9-z420
title: TOGA/TAO, JAMSTEC, PIRATA, and RAMA Moored Buoy Observations

description: Moored tropical buoy observing system data. Research quality data collected in delayed mode primary to support development and inclusion into the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8s25g4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3652 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "PublishingCountry is Colombia",
 {
 "and" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 {
 "not" : {
 "Issue" : [
 "is Country coordinate mismatch"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 }
 ]
 },
 {
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Apidae [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy])",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-74.81391 0.24141,-74.76745 -0.14119,-74.10884 -0.11659,-74.19356 0.24687,-74.81391 0.24141))"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3652 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012602-260129131611470/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5065/8z7x-d228
title: Wave Data Observations from Canadian Buoys

description: Data from Canadian buoys through November 1998, data from two NOAA buoys now operated by Canada, and data from three Canadian waverider buoys.
DOI: 10.5065/dm6t-yp63
title: WHOI Upper Ocean Observations for Air-Sea Flux Estimates

description: The Upper Ocean Processes (UOP) Group at WHOI, through research projects, has deployed Air-Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems on moored buoys and volunteer observing ships. The ASIMET system is a suite of meteorological and sea surface sensors that are capable of measuring air temperature, specific humidity, sea surface temperature and conductivity, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, and precipitation. Many more details about the projects and online data access are provided at the UOP website [http://uop.whoi.edu/].
DOI: 10.5065/x7tm-1542
title: Canadian MEDS West and East Coast Temperature and Salinity Observations

description: Time series of water temperature and salinity collected at various points on Canadian coasts.
DOI: 10.5065/fedr-0d09
title: Scripps Pier and West Coast Seawater Temperature and Salinity Observations

description: Twenty-nine time series data files with temperature and salinity recorded at approximately 14 locations along the west coast of the U.S.
DOI: 10.5065/d21e-r278
title: Western Arctic Ice Drift and Expedition Ship Stations

description: Western Arctic ice drifting stations, AIDJEX, ARLIS I, ARLIS II, Ice Station Alpha, Ice Station Charlie, T-3 (called Ice Station Bravo during IGY), and ships Maud and Fram provide surface meteorological data for the Arctic Ocean. These data were collected and organized by NCDC and NSIDC leading to the production of a CDROM.Several different versions of the data are available, extending from the original key entered data to variable subsets and QC versions developed in uniform format for all stations.
DOI: 10.5065/vgjb-7n76
title: Woods Hole Lightship Data

description: Nantucket, Diamond Shoals, and other Lightship data from a digitization project at NCDC
DOI: 10.5065/msww-k352
title: Baltic Sea Marine Surface Observations

description: Quality-controlled meteorological observations covering the Baltic Sea between 1961 and 1990. These data are a result of the WMO RA VI (Regional Association Europe) Project "Climate of the Baltic Sea Basin".
DOI: 10.5065/yeyx-4a26
title: FOSDIC Marine surface and upper air observations, 1854-1961

description: Marine surface and upper air observations recovered from microfilm copies of cards at NCDC. In the 1960s and 1970s, NCDC stored images of selected 80-character punched card decks on microfilm (16mm) using a device known as FOSDIC (Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer). FOSDIC was also used to recall the images back to digital records.
DOI: 10.5065/0jdq-fp94
title: Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) For Global Oceans, By Lisan Yu et al.

description: This dataset includes the 3rd release of the global ocean-surface heat flux products. The OAFlux products are constructed from multiple data sources, an optimal blending of satellite retrievals and three atmospheric analyses. Daily fluxes are computed from the optimally estimated variables using the COARE bulk flux algorithm 3.0.Monthly products are made from entire 49-year period, and daily products are available from 1985 onward. For further information, please visit the OAFlux Project Home Page [http://oaflux.whoi.edu/].
DOI: 10.5065/d6wh2n0s
title: CORE.2 Global Air-Sea Flux Dataset

description: This dataset contains the complete set of global air-sea heat and water flux components computed from version 2 of CORE (Common Ocean Reference Experiment) atmospheric state fields starting from 1949. The air-sea fluxes are derived from bulk formulae applied to atmospheric state fields from multiple sources together with a merged Hadley-OI SST product at monthly resolution. The primary atmospheric input data are based on NCEP reanalyses at 6-hourly resolution. In addition, satellite-based radiation, precipitation, and sea ice concentration are used, at resolutions from daily to monthly. Some of the input data have been adjusted to agree in the mean with a variety of more reliable satellite and in situ measurements that themselves are either too short in duration or too regional in coverage. Fluxes have been temporally averaged as needed for distribution as monthly means. For further information, please refer to the publications listed below.
DOI: 10.5065/v8e1-zd23
title: NOCS Surface Flux Dataset v2.0

description: The National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOCS) Version 2.0 Surface Flux Dataset is a monthly mean gridded dataset of marine surface measurements and derived fluxes constructed using optimal interpolation. Input for the period 1973 to 2006 are ICOADS Release 2.4 ship data, the update from 2007 to 2014 uses ICOADS Release 2.5 and data after 2007 are preliminary. The dataset is presented as a time series of monthly mean values on a 1 degree area grid. The quality of the gridded data is quantified by estimates of random, bias and total uncertainty. The monthly means were derived from daily estimates of each variable and the standard deviation of these daily values is also available. Click HERE [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds260.3/docs/nocs2_variable_defs.doc] for detailed variable information. Users are advised to take account of the uncertainty estimates provided, and to note that in very poorly sampled regions, such as the Southern Ocean, the uncertainty estimates themselves may be unreliable. Surface meteorological fields have been adjusted to account for varying measurement heights and for known biases (Berry and Kent 2009, Berry and Kent 2011). Surface fluxes have been calculated from daily fields of the surface meteorological parameters using bulk parameterizations (Reed 1977; Clark et al. 1974; Smith 1980; 1988).
DOI: 10.5065/d6930r70
title: Shipboard Automated Meteorological and Oceanographic System (SAMOS) Air-Sea Fluxes

description: Along ship track bulk turbulent heat and momentum fluxes derived using one-minute interval data collected by the Shipboard Automated Meteorological and Oceanographic System (SAMOS) initiative. The fluxes are provided as three products derived using three widely accepted air-sea flux algorithms (Smith 1988, COARE 3.6, and a 2023 update of Bourassa 2006). Datasets are organized by ship and flux algorithm. The dataset uses SAMOS data from 47 research vessels with observations spanning 2005-2024. Data include heat and momentum fluxes, state variables adjusted to 10 meters, and multiple inputs and outputs from the flux algorithms. These data have wide use for satellite product and model evaluation; air-sea interaction, marine biology, chemistry and geoscience research activities; climate science, and marine geoinformatics.Data coverage is the global oceans, but is concentrated around North America. Fluxes are derived from along cruise track navigational, meteorological, and oceanographic observations from 47 research vessels. Fluxes are derived at one-minute intervals (the same as the source observations) and take advantage of extensive quality control flags on the source SAMOS data. Additional QC flags are applied to the derived fluxes, height adjusted state variables, and other outputs of the flux algorithms. All data are provided in CF and ACDD compliant netCDF files, with extensive metadata. The data volume is 180 GB.
DOI: 10.5065/d64q7stb
title: 0.1-degree Parallel Ocean Program (POP) output for Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean and Western Indonesia

description: This dataset includes regional subsets in the western Indonesian region of output from a run of the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) version 2, the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The model was run with nominal 0.1-degree horizontal resolution, and 62 vertical levels with 10 meter resolution above 160 meters and gradually increasing vertical spacing below this level. The run was forced with Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (CORE) Version 2 atmospheric reanalyses, derived from NCEP reanalysis and remote sensing products. The model integration was coupled to the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) version 4 using Coupler 7 (CPL7) in the CESM framework. The data files encompass the geographic range 85-130 E longitude, 15S-5N latitude, with all depth levels included. 5-day averages of state variables, surface fluxes, and advective fluxes of temperature and salinity are archived for the years 1977-2009 (the first two years are considered a transition period from climatological forcing). The high resolution and multidecadal time span of the output make it ideal for studying mesoscale eddies, coastal waves, and topography-constrained ocean flows and their long-term variability.
DOI: 10.5065/d6wm1c78
title: Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments - Phase II

description: Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs) were proposed by the CLIVAR Working Group on Ocean Model Development (WGOMD) as a venue for comparing global ocean-sea ice models run under a common prescribed atmospheric state, with boundary fluxes computed via the same bulk formulae. CORE simulations complement the coupled climate and earth system models run for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Efforts across a broad community of modeling groups have produced CORE Phase 2 hindcast simulations (CORE-II) using 62 years (1948-2009) of interannual forcing. The CORE-II simulations provide a framework to evaluate ocean model performance, to study mechanisms of ocean phenomena and their variability from seasonal to decadal timescales, to identify forced variability changes, and to develop mechanistic descriptions of observed climate variability and change.
DOI: 10.5065/28zm-vf31
title: Monthly Pacific Ocean Sea Temperature

description: Monthly-mean Pacific sea-surface temperature analyses for 1949 to 1962 were compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries from observations obtained from the National Weather Records Center. Early years contained about 5000 observations per month, and that number increased to 15,000 by the end of the period. The grid covers the global area north of 20 south latitude.
DOI: 10.5065/m4f2-m652
title: NOAA NCEP Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis

description: The NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) optimum interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) analysis is produced weekly and monthly on a one-degree grid. The analysis uses in situ and satellite SSTs plus SSTs simulated by sea ice cover. Before the analysis is computed, the satellite data is adjusted for biases using the method of Reynolds (1988) and Reynolds and Marsico (1993). A description of the OI analysis can be found in Reynolds and Smith (1994). The bias correction improves the large scale accuracy of the OI. In November 2001, the OI fields were recomputed for late 1981 onward. The new version will be referred to as OI Version 2, and the most significant change is the improved simulation of SST from sea ice data following a technique developed at the UK Met Office. This change has reduced biases in the OI SST at higher latitudes. Also, the update and extension of COADS has provided us with improved ship data coverage through 1997, reducing the residual satellite biases in otherwise data sparse regions. For more details, see Reynolds, et al. (2002).
DOI: 10.5065/xkjf-sv65
title: A Quality-Controlled Sea Surface Temperature Analysis

description: The U.K. Met Office acquired a copy of more than 31 million sea-surface temperature observations from the U.S. National Climatic Data Center. Because SST observations had low accuracy and high scatter, the Met Office applied a quality control method that was developed within their Synoptic Climatology Branch. The resulting dataset here is a gridded monthly mean analysis at 5-degree resolution for the Northern Hemisphere.
DOI: 10.5065/xmye-an84
title: Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST)

description: This dataset includes HadISST1 and HadSST2 from U.K. Hadley Centre. HadISST1 is a unique combination of monthly globally-complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1 degree latitude-longitude grid from 1870 to date, and HadSST2 is a monthly global field of SST on a 5-degree latitude-longitude grid from 1850 to date, neither interpolated nor variance adjusted.The data may also be obtained from the server at the Hadley Centre [https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/] in the UK.
DOI: 10.5065/zahz-3174
title: NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS)

description: The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) uses a Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) [http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/] to routinely produce monthly and pentad (5-day) mean global ocean gridded data. The analysis system, that was originally applied only to the tropical Pacific, has evolved to use GFDL MOM v3 model and give near global coverage. Briefly, the model domain specifications are 65N to 75S, 1 degree resolution with 1/3 degree resolution within 10 degree of the equator, 40 levels and 10 meter resolution in the upper 200 meters. These data are a valuable community asset for monitoring different aspects of ocean climate variability.
DOI: 10.5065/em0t-1d34
title: NOAA Optimum Interpolation 1/4 Degree Daily Sea Surface Temperature Analysis

description: Two new high resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis products have been developed by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) using optimum interpolation (OI). The analyses have a spatial grid resolution of 0.25 degrees and temporal resolution of 1 day. One product uses Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared satellite SST data. The other uses AVHRR and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on the NASA Earth Observing System satellite SST data. Both products also use in situ data from ships and buoys and include a large-scale adjustment of satellite biases with respect to the in situ data. Two products are needed because there is an increase in signal variance when AMSR became available in June 2002 due to its near all-weather coverage.Update October 6, 2011: AMSR + AVHRR OI SST production has been discontinued because the AMSR-E instrument has stopped working. [http://global.jaxa.jp/press/2011/10/20111004_amsr-e_e.html]
DOI: 10.5065/jz08-3w17
title: NOAA NCEI Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature

description: The NOAA NCEI (National Center for Environmental Information) Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature dataset derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). Production of the ERSST is on a 2 degree grid with spatial completeness enhanced using statistical methods. This monthly analysis begins in January 1854 continuing to the present and includes anomalies computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. The newest version of ERSST, version 5, uses new data sets from ICOADS Release 3.0 (Sea Surface Temperatures) SST; SST comes from Argo floats above 5 meters, Hadley Centre sea ice and SST version 2 (HadISST.2) ice concentration. ERSSTv5 has improved SST spatial and temporal variability by * reducing spatial filtering in training the reconstruction functions Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOTs), * removing high-latitude damping in EOTs, * adding 10 more EOTs in the Arctic. ERSSTv5 improved absolute SST by switching from using Nighttime Marine Air Temperature (NMAT) as a reference to buoy SST as a reference in correcting ship SST biases. Scientists have further improved ERSSTv5 by using unadjusted First-Guess instead of adjusted First-Guess.
DOI: 10.5065/r137-xq85
title: Global temperature and salinity climatology

description: Historical data archives from NUC and NODC were combined to form monthly and annual grid of subsurface ocean temperature and salinity.
DOI: 10.5065/k9gk-9561
title: Hansen and Lebedeff's Global Surface Temperature Analyses, monthly 1880-1987

description: This dataset contains monthly surface temperature analyses for 1880-1987 for eighty equal-area zones over the globe.
DOI: 10.5065/bc03-2g95
title: World Ocean Database and World Ocean Atlas

description: The World Ocean Database (WOD) has global ocean observed and standard depth data profiles. The World Ocean Atlas (WOA) has objectively analyzed climatological mean fields on both a quarter-degree and on a one-degree longitude by latitude grids. The gridded analyses are for annual, seasonal, and monthly means of six oceanographic variables: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate on standard levels (typically at 102 depths, dependent on data availability). The products were derived at the Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL) of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). Development of the World Ocean products began in 1982 and they have been updated in 1994, 1998, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2018 and 2023. The featured products are now based on the 2023 versions. Some products from older version are still unique. The WOD is the world's largest profile collection covering the global ocean and contains measurements from 1800 through 2023. The WOA are climatological grids at fixed depths derived from quality checked WOD profiles. This is a recognized world-wide standard and is often referenced in oceanographic research.
DOI: 10.5065/y6cr-kw66
title: Subsurface Temperature And Salinity Analyses

description: Monthly objectively analyzed subsurface temperature and Salinity at 24 levels in the upper 1500 meters started from 1945 and prepared by M. Ishii et al.The analysis is based on the World Ocean Database and Atlas (ds285.0 [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds285.0/index.html]), the Global Temperature-Salinity in the tropical Pacific from IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le development, France, ds279.1 [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds279.1/index.html]), and the Centennial in situ Observation Based Estimates (COBE) sea surface temperature. Argo profiling buoy data have also been used in the final several years. The XBT depth bias correction is applied in the current version.
DOI: 10.5065/4314-7257
title: Climatological Data for Clouds Over the Globe from Surface Observations

description: Total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over both land and ocean, based on data from FNOC and COADS.Superseded by the Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Report Archive. See RELATED DATASETS below.
DOI: 10.5065/t195-4j56
title: Climatological Data for Clouds Over the Globe from Surface Observations: The Total Cloud Edition

description: TOTAL CLOUD EditionSuperseded by the Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Report Archive. See RELATED Datasets below.
DOI: 10.5065/tzms-0x34
title: GFDL MOM Climatological Ocean Initialization Analyses

description: Formatted and Unformatted data archive used to create initialization grids for the GFDL MOM model.