DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571168
title: Raw Male And Female Fitness Data

description: Raw male and female fitness data for 223 hemiclonal genotypes sampled from the LH<sub>M</sub> laboratory adapted population. See Gilks et al (2017; https://f1000research.com/articles/5-2644/v3) for full details on how these lines were established. Assays were designed to measure total adult lifetime fitness for both males and females from each line, under conditions that match as close as possible those experienced by adults in the base population (Chippindale <em>et al.</em>, 2001; Rice, 2005; Rice <em>et al.</em>, 2006).

<em>Male fitness assay</em><br>
5 hemiclonal males per line were combined in adult competition vials with 10 competitor <em>bw</em><sup>-</sup> males and 15 virgin <em>bw</em><sup>-</sup> females. After 2 days, each <em>bw</em><sup>- </sup>female was isolated into individual oviposition test-tubes (containing the cornmeal-molasses-agar media but with no additional dried yeast) and left to oviposit for 18 hours. On Day 12, progeny were scored for eye-colour, in two observation rounds to allow ensure that as many eclosing offspring were included. Hemiclonal males were assigned paternity to progeny with wild-type red eyes (progeny of competitors are homozygous for the <em>bw</em><sup>-</sup> allele and therefore have brown eyes), giving an average fitness score (number of offspring sired) for the 5 hemiclonal males that were assayed per line. This assay was independently replicated 5 times, representing data from a total of 25 hemiclonal males per line. Male fitness was calculated as the proportion of offspring sired per assayed male, which accounts for instances where less than 5 hemiclonal males were included (6 out of 1105 assays).

<em>Female fitness assays</em><br>
Assays of female fitness followed a similar protocol to the male assays, again to match as close as possible the timing and conditions experienced by individuals in the base population. In this case, 5 virgin hemiclonal females were combined in adult competition vials with 10 competitor <em>bw</em><sup>- </sup>females and 15 <em>bw</em><sup>- </sup>males for 2 days. After 2 days, the 5 hemiclonal females were isolated into individual test-tubes and left to oviposit for 18hrs. The tubes were immediately chilled (4°C) to halt embryo development and the number of eggs per female was counted to provide a measure of fecundity. Data was excluded for tubes in which the female was either dead or not present. Since unmated females are known to produce eggs at a low rate, we also excluded data from females where egg counts were 0 or 1 as these are likely to represent output from unmated females (see Supplementary figure 1). By averaging fecundity across all 5 females this provided an average female fitness score for that line. This assay was independently replicated 5 times, representing a total of 25 hemiclonal females per line.

<strong>Dataset Column headings:</strong>

<strong><em>Male</em></strong><br>
sex - all male (value = 1)<br>
rep - replicate (values from 1 to 5)<br>
line - hemiclonal line (223 different lines, values from 1 to 230 with 7 lines missing)<br>
red_1 - number of wild-type red-eyed offspring in first round of counting<br>
red_2 - number of wild-type red-eyed offspring in second round of counting<br>
brown_1 - number of brown-eyed offspring in first round of counting<br>
brown_2 - number of brown-eyed offspring in second round of counting<br>
total_red - number of offspring counted with wild-type red eyes (genotype bw<sup>+</sup>/bw<sup>-</sup>)<br>
total_brown - number of offspring counted with brown eyes (genotype bw<sup>-</sup>/bw<sup>-</sup>)<br>
male_density - number of hemiclonal males per vial (value usually 5, but may be less due to missing males)

note: NA - missing value

<em><strong>Female</strong></em><br>
sex - all female (value = 2)<br>
rep - replicate (values from 1 to 5)<br>
line - hemiclonal line (223 different lines, values from 1 to 230 with 7 lines missing)<br>
f1 - fecundity of female 1<br>
f2 - fecundity of female 2<br>
f3 - fecundity of female 3<br>
f4 - fecundity of female 4<br>
f5 - fecundity of female 5

note: NA - missing value

<strong>References</strong>

Chippindale, A.K., Gibson, J.R. & Rice, W.R. 2001. Negative genetic correlation for adult fitness between sexes reveals ontogenetic conflict in Drosophila. <em>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</em> <strong>98</strong>: 1671–1675.

Gilks WP, Pennell TM, Flis I et al. Whole genome resequencing of a laboratory-adapted <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> population sample [version 3; referees: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2016, 5:2644 (doi: 10.12688/f1000research.9912.3)

Rice, W.R. 2005. Inter-locus antagonistic coevolution as an engine of speciation: Assessment with hemiclonal analysis. <em>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</em> <strong>102</strong>: 6527–6534.

Rice, W.R., Stewart, A.D., Morrow, E.H., Linder, J.E., Orteiza, N. & Byrne, P.G. 2006. Assessing sexual conflict in the Drosophila melanogaster laboratory model system. <em>Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.</em> <strong>361</strong>: 287–299.