DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrg0n
title: Data from: The lifelong effects of anoxia hormesis in solitary bees

description: The stimulatory and protective response known as hormesis elicits an often
 over compensatory response resulting in exposure survival and life history
 trait improvements. There are an array of abiotic and biotic agents that
 have been shown to trigger hormesis; most commonly studied are chemicals,
 temperature, and low oxygen. Investigations into low-oxygen exposures that
 activate the hormetic response date back nearly 50 years. This body of
 work reveals that insect performance is dramatically improved by single
 short low-oxygen events while focusing on the transitory nature of the
 improvements. Few reports examine whether the effect is longer lasting or
 lifelong. We previously reported that one hour of anoxia was enough to
 induce this hormetic response in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile
 rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Here we investigated whether that
 response is transitory or long-lasting by looking at starvation
 resistance, flight, and locomotory activity throughout the life of the
 bees. Additionally, we studied the effects of anoxia hormesis on
 reproduction, diapause incidence, and F1 offspring survival, development,
 and flight. Anoxia hormesis has lifelong positive effects for the flight
 of males and females. We also recorded higher starvation survival in bees
 that experienced hormesis. This improvement in performance came at a steep
 reproductive cost. However, no costs or benefits were passed to the next
 generation as we recorded no delays in development, no effects on F1
 diapause, no hormesis-related deaths, and no changes in flight
 performance. We hypothesize that using anoxia hormesis in the context of
 pollination services by this species, should result in bees that are
 potentially more active in the field; increasing the numbers of visits to
 flowers throughout their entire life.
description: This Wilkinson and Lopez-Martinez README.txt file was generated on
 2024-11-5 by Giancarlo Lopez-Martinez GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of
 Dataset: The lifelong effects of anoxia hormesis in solitary bees 2.
 Author Information Corresponding Investigator Name: Dr Giancarlo
 Lopez-Martinez Institution: North Dakota State University Email:
 [giancarlo.lopez@ndsu.edu](mailto:giancarlo.lopez@ndsu.edu)
 Co-investigator 1 Name: Michaelyne Wilkinson Institution: New Mexico State
 University 3. Date of data collection: 2021-2022 4. Geographic location of
 data collection: Fargo, ND 5. Funding sources that supported the
 collection of the data: National Science Foundation of the USA 6.
 Recommended citation for this dataset: DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1.
 Description of dataset This is the accompanying dataset to a publication
 titled: The lifelong effects of anoxia hormesis in solitary bees (DOI:
 10.1093/ee/nvaf013). The variables in this data set are Nx: normoxia,
 which refers to a normal atmospheric oxygen content of ~21% and Ax:
 anoxia, which refers to an oxygen concentration of zero (0%). File List:
 File 1 Name: Wilkinson_and_Lopez-Martinez_data.xlsx File 1 Description:
 All the raw data used in this manuscript. The first tab includes a summary
 of the data for each figure, which is also below. * 1A) Daily male
 starvation survival after anoxia hormesis (number of bees
 alive/treatment). - 1B) Male starvation survival 48 hours after heat
 treatment (presented as day of death/bee/age/treatment). * 1C) Daily
 female starvation survival after anoxia hormesis (number of bees
 alive/treatment). - 1D) Female starvation survival 48 hours after heat
 treatment (presented as day of death/bee/age/treatment). * 2A) Male flight
 ability by age (number of flying bees). - 2B) Male flight by percent that
 flew first. * 2C) Female flight ability by age (number of flying bees). -
 2D) Female flight by the percentage that flew first. * 3A) Bee daily
 activity following treatment (average activity/minute). - 3B) Bee morning
 activity following treatment (average activity/minute). * 3C) Bee
 afternoon activity following treatment (average activity/minute). - 4A)
 Bee fecundity per treatment (number of completed brood cells/treatment). *
 4B) Bee fertility per treatment (number of eggs that hatched/treatment). -
 Table 1: number of straws, number of cells, empty nest space (amount of
 unoccupied space in the nes), nest cap size (size of the cap or covering
 of the nes), diapause incidence (percentage of organisms that entered
 diapause), and mortality during pre-diapause, diapause and
 post-diapause: number of cells (organisms) that died before, during and
 after diapause, Siblingcide (percentage of organisms that were killed by
 their siblings)