DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmshv
title: Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic

description: Introduction: Pneumonia of unknown cause was detected on 30 December 2019
 in China. It was categorized as an outbreak and named as COVID-19 by the
 World Health Organization. The pandemic affects all people, but patient
 groups such as hemodialysis (HD) patients have been particularly affected.
 We do not know if refugees suffered more during the outbreak. In this
 study, we compared depressive symptom frequency between Syrian refugee HD
 patients and Turkish ones. Methods: The study had a single-center,
 cross-sectional design. Demographic and clinical data were collected
 retrospectively from patients’ files containing details about past medical
 history, demographic variables and laboratory values. Validated Turkish
 and Arabic forms of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess
 depressive symptoms. BDI scores were compared according to nationality,
 demographic features and clinical data. A BDI score more than 14 was
 accepted as suspicion of depression. Results: 119 patients were enrolled
 in the study. After the exclusion of 22 patients, 75 Turkish and 22 Syrian
 patients were included for further analysis. The median BDI (interquartile
 range) score for Turkish and Syrian patients were 12 (7-23) and 19.5
 (12.7-25.2), respectively (p=0.03). Suspicion of depression was present at
 42.7% of Turkish, and 72.7% of Syrian HD patients (p=0.013). Regarding all
 patients, phosphorus level, Kt/V, and nationality were significantly
 different between patients with and without suspicion of depression
 (p=0.023, 0.039, 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Syrian patients had
 higher BDI scores and more depressive symptoms than Turkish patients.
 Additional national measures for better integration and more mental
 support to Syrian HD patients are needed. 
description: Demographic
 data were collected retrospectively from patients’ files. Age, sex,
 nationality, marital status, education level, height, weight, etiology of
 kidney disease, the date for initiation of center HD, last hemoglobin,
 albumin, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, Kt/v, creatinine levels,
 Charlson comorbidity index were noted. Marital status was grouped as
 married and others including single, divorced, and widow. BDI consists
 of 21 questions and every question has four choices pointed from 0 to 3 in
 which 0 represents the absence of a problem, and 3 represents an extreme
 problem. Therefore, the total BDI score can be between 0 and 63 points.
 BDI score of more than 14 was accepted as depression in patients with
 end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The frequency of depression was compared
 between nationalities.  Validated Turkish and Arabic BDI forms were filled
 by patients themselves. In the need of help, native Arabic physician
 working at our hemodialysis center (SS) and official Arabic translator of
 our institution (SA) have helped Syrian patients. BDI score was also
 divided into cognitive-affective and somatic-performance subscales. These
 were compared to nationality as well.  BDI score was
 compared according to the age groups (&lt;65 years or ≥65 years), sex,
 education level, marital status, body mass index (&lt;25
 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 25-30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>,
 &gt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ), presence of diabetes mellitus,
 presence of hypertension, HD vintage (below or above median), hemoglobin
 level (&lt;10 g/dl, 10-12 g/dl, &gt;12 g/dl), phosphorus level
 (&lt;3.5 mg/dl, 3.5-5.5 mg/dl, &gt;5.5 mg/dl), albumin level
 (&lt;3.5 gr/dl or ≥3.5 gr/dl), parathyroid hormone level (below or
 above median), Kt/v (&lt;1.4 or ≥1.4), and nationality.
description: This file was generated on 2020-12-17 by MUSTAFA SEVINC
 GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset:
 Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish
 maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic
 2. Author Information<br>      Principal Investigator
 Contact Information<br>         Name: Mustafa Sevinc<br>   
      Institution: Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training
 Hospital<br>         Address: Halaskargazi Caddesi Etfal Sokak
 34371, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey<br>         Email:
 musevinc@hotmail.com 3. Date of data collection:
 Between 2020-04-17 and 2020-05-12  4. Geographic
 location of data collection: Istanbul, Turkey 5.
 Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the
 data: None SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: subjects'
 height and weight, renal replacement initiation date, nationality,
 although collected, were removed and is not missing from the data
 file.  DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
 1. File List: Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees
 and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic:
 This is the main file cantaining variables used in this study. <br>
 2. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current
 data package: some variables listed above were removed for
 anonymization. 3. Are there multiple versions of the
 dataset? No METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of
 data:  Participants signed written consent
 forms both to participate in the study and to have data from their medical
 records used in research.   All HD patients in the
 same center were invited to participate in the study. 
 Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients younger than 18
 years old, patients undergoing home-HD, history of HD less than three
 months, <br> inability to complete the questionnaire, nationalities
 other than Turkish and Syrian, not volunteering to fill the form, history
 of hospitalization due to any reason during pandemic time starting from 10
 March 2020, and history of COVID-19 before questionnaire.
 Demographic data were collected retrospectively from patients’
 files.  These files contain the demographic details
 of patients filled at admission to our dialysis center and patients’ past
 and current laboratory values. Age, sex, nationality,
 marital status, education level, height, weight, etiology of kidney
 disease, the date for initiation of center HD, last hemoglobin, albumin,
 phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, Kt/v, creatinine levels and, Charlson
 comorbidity index were noted.  Marital status was
 grouped as married and not married including single, divorced, and
 widow.  BDI consists of 21 questions and every
 question has four choices ranging from 0 to 3 in which 0 represents the
 absence of a problem, and 3 represents an extreme problem. Therefore, the
 total BDI score can be between 0 and 63 points. <br> BDI score of
 more than 14 was accepted as suspicion of depression in patients with
 end-stage renal disease (ESRD).  The frequencies of
 depressive symptoms were compared between nationalities. The validated
 Turkish and Arabic forms of BDI version- I were filled by patients
 themselves.  BDI score was compared according to age
 group (&lt;65 years or ≥65 years), sex, education level, marital
 status, body mass index (&lt;25 kg/m2, 25-30 kg/m2, &gt;30 kg/m2
 ), <br> presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, HD
 vintage (below or above median), hemoglobin level (&lt;10 g/dl, 10-12
 g/dl, &gt;12 g/dl), phosphorus level (&lt;3.5 mg/dl, 3.5-5.5
 mg/dl, &gt;5.5 mg/dl), albumin level (&lt;3.5 gr/dl or ≥3.5
 gr/dl), parathyroid hormone level (below or above median), Kt/v
 (&lt;1.4 or ≥1.4), and nationality.  BDI score
 was also divided into cognitive-affective and somatic-performance
 subscales [12]. These were compared to nationality as well.  
 2. Methods for processing the data: 
 Statistical analyses were performed with the
 Scientific Package for Social Science (version 21.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago,
 IL, USA).  Continuous variables were given as mean ±
 standard deviation if they were distributed normally or as median
 (interquartile range) if they were distributed abnormally.  
 Qualitative variables were given as a percentage. A comparison
 of normally distributed data was performed by independent samples
 t-test.  Abnormally distributed data was compared
 with the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared by the
 Chi-Square test.  Differences were considered
 statistically significant for p values less than 0.05.
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Frequency of
 depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance
 hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic] 1.
 Number of variables: 65 2. Number of cases/rows:
 97 3. Variable List:  
 patient_number: Patient number RRT_type:
 Renal replacement therapy type total_BDI_score: total
 beck depression inventory score somatic_subscore:
 total somatic subscore affective_cognitive_subscore:
 affective/cognitive subscore bdi_group: beck
 depression inventory group according to score of 14
 age_group_for_65: age grouped for 65 years
 age_group: age grouped for less than 50, 50-69, 60-69, 70-79,
 &gt;79 years married_or_not: married or other
 status kidney_disease_etiology: etiology of end stage
 renal failure Diabetes_status: diabetes mellitus
 status grouped as absent, present and uncomplicated, present and
 complicated Diabetes_yes_no: diabetes present or
 absent hypertension: hypertension present or
 absent hemoglobin: last hemoglobin level
 hemoglobin_group: hemoglobin level grouped for 10 or less, more
 than 10-12, more than 12 albumin: last albumin
 level albumin_group: albumin level grouped as 3.5 or
 less and more than 3.5 phosphorus: last phosphorus
 level phosphorus_group: phosphorus group
 pth: parathyroid hormone level pth_group:
 parathyroid hormone grouped for median level  ktv:
 last kt/v ktv_group: kt/v grouped for 1.4 or less and
 more than 1.4 creatinine: last creatinine
 level bmi_group: body mass index grouped as 25 or
 less, &gt;25-30, more than 30.    question_1:
 Beck depression inventory question 1 question_2: Beck
 depression inventory question 2 question_3: Beck
 depression inventory question 3 question_4: Beck
 depression inventory question 4 question_5: Beck
 depression inventory question 5 question_6: Beck
 depression inventory question 6 question_7: Beck
 depression inventory question 7 question_8: Beck
 depression inventory question 8 question_9: Beck
 depression inventory question 9 question_10: Beck
 depression inventory question 10 question_11: Beck
 depression inventory question 11 question_12: Beck
 depression inventory question 12 question_13: Beck
 depression inventory question 13 question_14: Beck
 depression inventory question 14 question_15: Beck
 depression inventory question 15 question_16: Beck
 depression inventory question 16 question_17: Beck
 depression inventory question 17 question_18: Beck
 depression inventory question 18 question_19: Beck
 depression inventory question 19 question_20: Beck
 depression inventory question 20 question_21: Beck
 depression inventory question 21 hd_vintage_days:
 hemodialysis vintage in days hd_vintage_months:
 hemodialysis vintage in months hd_vintage_year:
 hemodialysis vintage in years
 hdvintigae_median_group: hemodialysis vintage grouped as below
 or above median value MI_history: myocardial
 infarction history present or absent Heart_faillure:
 heart failure history present or absent
 Perip_vasc_dis: peripheral vascular disease history present or
 absent stroke: stroke history present or
 absent dementia: dementia history present or
 absent COPD: Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease
 history present or absent conn_tis_dis: connective
 tissue disease history present or absent
 peptic_ulcer: peptic ulcer history present or absent
 liver_dis: lever disease history present or absent
 hemiplejia: hemiplejia history present or absent
 CKD: Chronic kidney disease history present or absent
 solid_tm: solid tumor history present or absent
 leukemia: leukemia history present or absent
 lymhoma: lymphoma history present or absent
 CCMI: Charlson comorbidity index