cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-prm9-2z08
title: Collapse probability of friction pendulum isolated steel moment frames
title: in Design of isolated buildings to achieve targeted collapse limits through Gaussian Process Modeling

description: Although ASCE 7 provisions provide for adequate collapse likelihoods of fixed-based, conventional structures, these targets are not well-calibrated for isolated structures. Furthermore, design parameters are not altered for isolated structures even for enhanced targets. Thus, a numerical study consisting of 1050 parameterized variations of steel special moment frames isolated with triple friction pendulum bearings was developed to: (1) study the effect of design parameters (isolation displacement gap, superstructure strength, bearing period and damping) on the collapse probability of frames; (2) provide data for an inverse design method aimed at identifying design parameters based on desired collapse targets; and (3) to provide a database of isolated structures that spans several configurations (bays, stories, building width and height). 2D models of the frames were constructed in OpenSeesPy framework, and individual structures are randomly generated under a range of design parameters and subjected to a random ground motion.

Inverse design of design parameters was carried out on the generated dataset via predictions using a Gaussian process model, and the resulting design is verified using incremental dynamic analysis.
description: 50 frames were generated and analyzed in OpenSees under a Latin Hypercube sampling uniform distribution on the design parameters. From the results of these 50 frames, additional points were added via adaptive design of experiment, targeting new experiments in locations with high prediction model error. The process was carried out until the exhaustion of the design-of-experiment procedure. Ultimately, the inverse design model utilized 785 of the 1050 points in the database. Designs were identified in order to achieve 10%, 5%, and 2.5% collapse probability, and these frames were constructed and validated using incremental dynamic analyses.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-qyt3-a527
title: 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquakes: Qualitative Fieldwork
title: in ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning and Schools in the United States

description: California, Oregon, and Washington are the first states in the United States to activate ShakeAlert, a regional Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system that can send warnings of significant earthquakes to areas outside the immediate epicenter before serious shaking occurs. The vital seconds provided by ShakeAlert can allow automatic shutdowns of industrial and technological systems and prompt people to take recommended protective actions—such as drop, cover, and hold on. This research project is designed to fill a major gap in the literature by assessing the readiness, willingness, and ability of K-12 schools in Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington to adapt their school emergency plans to include EEW. Phase 1 of this project involves qualitative research in Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and in Ridgecrest and Trona, California. These regions were affected by earthquake activity in November 2018 and July 2019, respectively. Our research team interviewed school district administrators; school principals; teachers, students, and parents; emergency management personnel; and engineers about their earthquake experiences, damage to the built environment, disruption to the social environment, and receptivity to using EEW. During Phase 2 of this project, the research team will distribute an online survey to school district officials in Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington regarding their perceptions and/or adoption of EEW systems in their schools. This project includes the research instruments, IRB protocols, and other materials that will be of use to other researchers interested in the study of earthquake early warning, protective actions, earthquake impacts, and schools.
description: Our research team collected interview and focus group data from 25 adult participants who were affected by or involved in the response to the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Specifically, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with administrators in the Ridgecrest and Trona school districts as well as with teachers, parents, emergency management personnel, and engineers. Our questions focused on their earthquake experiences, damage to the built environment, and disruption to the social environment. Because Earthquake Early Warning was recently released in California, we also asked all interview respondents about their awareness and perceptions of ShakeAlert and their knowledge regarding recommended protective actions.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-5gg7-vg34
title: Pure rotation of column-top mounted elastomeric bearings
title: in Stiffness of Rubber Bearings Considering Non-standard Top and Bottom Boundary Conditions

description: Typical installations of seismic isolation use rigid diaphragms to bound the end plates of the isolators. An alternative form of isolation involves placing the isolation plane on top of first floor columns, potentially resulting in flexible boundary conditions. To address this, an experimental program on a quarter-scale column-bearing subassembly was conducted to investigate how rotations of both top and bottom bearing end plates impact key design assumptions such as horizontal stiffness, rotational stiffness, and stability.
description: Test of a column-bearing subassembly with no shear applied. Pure rotation was applied cyclically at the top of the bearing to capture the rotational stiffness of the bearings mounted on columns of varying stiffnesses. A natural and a lead plug rubber bearing were tested. Axial load was held constant throughout testing.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-j51w-sb88
title: Statewide Assessment of Emergency Response Officials
title: in Best Practices and Recommendations for Inclusive Emergency Alerts in Colorado

description: Included here are data and research materials that supported the investigation of emergency alert and warning systems in Colorado developed in accordance with Colorado House Bill 23-1237 (https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb23-1237). The aim of the project was to identify how to improve emergency alerting for people who speak non-English languages and have auditory or visual disabilities. First, we include two annotated bibliographies with over 60 publications on topics related to alert and warning systems, disability access, and language access published in the last 20 years. Second, we include a dataset of survey questions, along with the 222 responses from emergency response personnel in Colorado involved in alert and warning activities.  Lastly, we also include a data dictionary, partner meeting questionnaire, recruitment materials, and a sample letter of support from a key partner. These data and materials could be used to review relevant publications on this topic and to aid in developing future surveys focused on alert and warning systems. For final report and additional project context, see project webpage: https://hazards.colorado.edu/research-projects/colorado-inclusive-language-and-access-in-emergency-alerts.
description: This mission includes research materials developed by the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder in accordance with Colorado House Bill 23-1237 (see related work). For this mission, we collected information using a statewide survey of emergency response personnel (222 responses) and meetings with key partners (37 people). Included here are the survey recruitment materials, survey instrument, raw survey data. We also include a partner meeting question bank that we used to conduct partner meetings. Lastly, we include two annotated bibliographies as documents. We anticipate these materials may be useful in developing future surveys on alerts and warnings and developing interview questions for emergency alert officials. This data could also be reproduced to compare alert and warning services across other states.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-nh34-e513
title: Response of a Prototype Nonlinear Energy Sink Device to Various Base Excitations
title: in Bayesian Identification of a Prototype Nonlinear Energy Sink Device

description: Nonlinear energy sinks devices are structural attachments which have the potential to enhance passive structural control in earthquake-susceptible structures, similar to tuned mass dampers. These devices are designed to leverage geometric nonlinearities in their construction to extract vibrational energy from the primary structure over a wide range of frequencies. Prior to implementing these devices in real-world structures, additional characterization of their behavior and establishment of identification and monitoring techniques is necessary. In this project, the results of which are given in the linked publications, we develop a robust method for identifying a prototype nonlinear energy sink device which leverages Sobol’ sensitivity analysis to inform the implementation of an unscented Kalman filter identification approach.
description: This experiment involved the collection of vibration response data from a single-degree-of-freedom nonlinear energy sink device. The device was mounted on a rigid platform, which was driven by a Shore Western 1.1kip 91-Series double-ended hydraulic actuator to generate base excitations. Data are collected with respect to a variety of base excitation signals, including sine sweeps, sine waves, step signals, and band-limited-white noise. Data are also collected from the stationary system with the actuator held at a 0 V command in order to capture an approximation of the noise inherent in the data acquisition. 

The response of the system to these excitations is demonstrative of the geometric nonlinearity of the device, and is useful for identification purposes. It is anticipated that this data could be reused to provide experimental verification of structural identification and model selection techniques.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-nh7z-nd09
title: Untreated Loose Model - GLH02s
title: in Liquefaction resistance of MICP treated sands

description: An untreated loose model with an initial relative density of approximate 45% was saturated with a de-aired water. The model was subjected to a series of shaking events. Cone penetration and shear wave velocity measurements were obtained at select times.
description: A set of 1-m radius centrifuge tests on saturated loose Ottawa sand models treated to various cementation levels and subjected to multiple shaking events.  Changes in cone penetration resistance and shear wave velocity are monitored throughout each test.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-pd70-yg65
title: Undergraduate Research Experience (REU), NHERI 2019: LARGE SCALE TESTING TO INVESTIGATE THE AERODYNAMICS OF ELEVATED HOUSES

description: Participated in research at Florida International University(FIU) Wall of Wind(WOW) Experimental Facility and worked with a team to explore, record, and analyze the pressure distribution on an elevated building and how the distribution changes with change in elevation and wind direction. The Paper reports the pressure distribution on a scaled two-story house tested on four different stilt heights and with wind approaching at three separate angles for each elevation height.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2pd6s
title: 18-storey steel hi-rise test on E-Defense Shake Table
title: in Quantification of Collapse Margin for Steel High-rises

description: A large scale shaking table test was performed at the E-Defense facility to investigate the seismic behavior of a steel high-rise until its collapse. The specimen of a steel high-rise was repeatedly loaded to collapse with a synthetic ground motion computed for a gigantic earthquake estimated in Japan. This test displays the damage progression of columns, beams and floor slabs, and the collapse mechanism of the steel high-rise; and provides data that can be a basis for quantifying the collapse margin of high-rises.
description: This research project aims to evaluate the seismic behavior of steel high-rises, which hold many company headquarters as tenants , subjected to long-period ground motion and near-fault earthquakes. Component tests, a large-scale shaking table test (E-Defense test) , and sophisticated numerical simulations are conducted to reveal the margin to collpase in a steel high-rise. In addition , data aquired from the test are used to develop a quntitative relationship between building responses and damage level.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2wd5f
title: ABP09s - Centrifuge Modelling Of Variable Rate Cone Penetration in 100S Silt (105g)
title: in Centrifuge modelling of variable rate cone penetration in low-plasticity silts

description: This experimental program supports a broader project toward validating methods for the mechanics-based development of relationships between cone penetration test measurements and the engineering properties of intermediate soils.
description: Centrifuge test with in-flight variable rate cone penetration soundings in a slurry deposited 100% silica silt (100S) with a plasticity index of 0. The test was performed at a centrifugal acceleration of 105g. Cone soundings were performed using a 6-mm diameter cone penetrometer.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-4bcp-hj75
title: Preliminary Data Report
title: in NEER: Hurricane Laura Reconnaissance

description: Hurricane Laura made landfall in Cameron Parish, LA early on August 27, 2020 as a category 4 Hurricane with minimum pressure of 937 mbar, winds up to 150 mph, and surge of more than 10 feet. The NEER Association supported a Field Team in response to this event. The team conducted pre- and post-storm surveys and sampling of topography, vegetation, and geotechnical properties in the marshes and on the shorelines spanning the impacted area, and deployed instruments to measure water levels, waves, surge, and inundation. Following the NEER Guidelines, as part of this project a Preliminary Data Report describing the storm and observations is prepared following the completion of data collection, and the quality-controlled data set will be distributed publicly within one year of the event.
description: This Preliminary Data Report summarizes the NEER response for Hurricane Laura, including the storm characteristics, the NEER field efforts, and related observations.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-5b9m-sn48
title: Best Practices for Research with Non-English Dominant Populations—CONVERGE Extreme Events Research Check Sheets Series

description: This check sheet highlights important considerations and best practices for researchers working with non-English dominant populations. Researchers preparing to enter a field site where English is not the primary language can use this information to consider the cultural and social implications of their research design, practice, analysis, and dissemination. Although this check sheet assumes that the researcher is a native English speaker and is working with people who either speak limited English or do not prefer to use it in the context of research, the recommendations provided here are applicable to any investigator that is conducting research outside of their own native language. About the CONVERGE Extreme Events Research Check Sheets Series: The National Science Foundation-supported CONVERGE facility at the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder has developed a series of short, graphical check sheets that are meant to be used as researchers design their studies, prepare to enter the field, conduct field research, and exit the field. The series offers best practices for extreme events research and includes check sheets that are free to the research community. More information is available at: https://converge.colorado.edu/resources/check-sheets.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-9vch-bs18
title: Undergraduate Research Experience (REU), NHERI 2019: Evaluation of Wind Induced Loads on Irregular Shaped One-Story Houses

description: Participated in research at Florida International University (FIU) Wall of Wind (WOW) Experimental Facility and worked with a team to analyze the pressure distribution on several different irregular shaped one-story houses at different wind directions. The paper reports the pressure distributions on scaled models comparing different shapes.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-cy48-d115
title: A Data-Driven Plastic Hinge Length Prediction Model for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns

description: Inelastic response of reinforced concrete columns to combined axial and flexural loading is characterized by plastic deformations localized in small regions, which are idealized as plastic hinges. Under extreme events such as earthquakes, the load carrying and deformation capacities of reinforced concrete beam/columns are highly dependent on the accuracy of this idealization for which the "plastic hinge length'' is a key parameter. From a design perspective, a reinforced concrete column can only attain the ductility characteristics prescribed by its performance level if it is provided with sufficient confinement along the length of its plastic hinge zones. From an analysis standpoint, an efficient, non-localized, and objective finite element simulation of column behavior requires accurate plastic hinge length definitions. In this project, a novel data-driven model for predicting the plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns and its implementation in force-based fiber beam-column elements is presented. The model is based on an ensemble machine learning algorithm named adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) and is trained using the results of 133 reinforced concrete column tests conducted in the period from 1984 to 2013. The performance of the model is assessed using the 10-fold cross-validation technique. It is shown that the prediction accuracy achieved using the proposed method is considerably higher than those of state-of-the-art empirical relationships and several other highly effective machine learning base models. Furthermore, numerical experiments reveal that the force-based beam-column models using plastic hinge length predictions of the developed model closely resemble the monotonic and cyclic behavior observed in laboratory experiments.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-em2g-sp13
title: Collection of pressure and velocity data during wave events
title: in PVLAB: Surf Zone Vorticity and Advection (RODSEX) Field Experiment

description: A unique circular array of current meters was deployed in about 2 m water depth in the surfzone to make the first sea-swell (0.05-0.25 Hz) and lower frequency measurements of surfzone vertical vorticity (e.g., from horizontal eddies) over a range of incident wave conditions on a natural beach. In addition, a spatially dense 2D array of pressure sensors and current meters enables estimation of gradients in forcing and advective accelerations. During the 6-week period that these sensors were deployed, wave conditions ranged from nearly flat (offshore wave heights less than 0.4 m) to energetic (offshore wave heights > 5 m, alongshore and cross-shore flows > 1 m/s). The "statistics plots" showing the means, variances, and wave heights for the entire study can be used to identify periods with different wave heights and flows. The bathymetry evolved from roughly alongshore uniform to strongly alongshore variable with deep rip channels with a roughly 200 m alongshore spacing. These observations may be useful to examine transport mechanisms, mixing, and alongshore and cross-shore variability of surfzone motions, as well as to evaluate numerical model simulations of surfzone processes. The data include the bathymetric surveys, the processed QAQC'd statistics (significant wave heights and means and variances of bottom pressure and flows), and the QAQC'd 2 Hz time series of bottom pressure and velocities.
description: An array of pressure and velocity sensors in the surfzone for 6 weeks. Bathymetric surveys were collected during calm periods, and sensor elevations were adjusted depending on erosion and accretion.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-ew3k-6f21
title: IFSTTAR-A1, IFSTTAR-A2, IFSTTAR-A3 - IFSTTAR Experiments
title: in LEAP-ASIA-2019 Experiments (Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects)

description: Building upon the database of LEAP-UCD-2017, twenty centrifuge model tests of liquefaction and lateral spreading are shared and compared in this archive. Some of the experiments were conducted according to the conventional centrifuge scaling laws; others were conducted according to a generalized scaling law. Please see the general report section of the published project for an overview comparison and background of all of the experiments. The comparisons presented in the general report section will serve as an index to help the users find individual experiments of interest.  This data from the model tests is published as ten separate experiments in this archive (one experiment per centrifuge facility). Each "experiment" includes one or more model tests and each model test includes between one and three destructive shaking events.
All of the tests modeled a 4 m thick deposit of Ottawa F-65 sand with a 5-degree surface slope in a rigid box. The tests covered a range of ground motion intensities and a range of relative densities to define the median response and the sensitivity of the response to relative density and shaking intensity. The ten centrifuge facilities involved in this test program included Cambridge University (UK), Ehime University (Japan), IFSTTAR (France), NCU (Taiwan), KAIST (Korea), Kyoto University (Japan), RPI (USA), UC Davis (USA), Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan) and Zhejiang University (China).
description: Lateral spreading of a submerged slope and validation of generalized scaling laws for LEAP-ASIA-2019
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-j0b5-5y02
title: Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements over Reduced-Scale Complex Topographic Models of Puerto Rico in a Large Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel
title: in Eager: Exploring Machine Learning and Particle Image Velocimetry to Elucidate the Role of Geomorphic Complexity in Enhancing Damage during Extreme Wind Events in Puerto Rico

description: A selected set of three regions of Puerto Rico were chosen for their complex topography and the frequent incidence of hurricanes in these regions. The models were built using a MultiCam APEX304 3D CNC at a reduced geometric scale of 1:3100 with the topographic data from the United States Geodetic Survey. The wind tunnel fans were operated at the maximum speed of 20 m/s, and the "Terraformer" an automated roughness element grid was instrumental to model the approach flow conditions. The approach flow matched a target roughness length of either 0.005 m or 0.3 m (full-scale), depending on the upwind conditions of the terrain of every measurement. Wind speed measurements over complex terrain were obtained using a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system.
description: This dataset was generated during an experiment that investigated topographic wind speedup effects on the island of Puerto Rico. In the aftermath of Hurricane Maria (2017) the mountainous regions were severely affected by structural damages caused by wind speedup. The study focused its observations on three complex topographic regions, which include the municipal island of Culebra, and the regions of Humacao and Yabucoa. Wind speed measurements were collected with stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements over complex terrain models at the boundary layer wind tunnel (UF-NHERI facility). This data is used to train machine learning models to predict boundary layer flow over complex topography using elevations as a predictor. The wind energy sector could benefit from studying the wake flow caused by the mountains and how to benefit from the wind speedups for energy production. It can also serve as a CFD modeling benchmark for future numerical studies over complex terrain.