DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kb1pk
title: Data from: Incipient speciation driven by hypertrophied lips in Midas cichlids fish?

description: Sympatric speciation has been debated in evolutionary biology for decades.
 Although it has gained in acceptance recently, still only a handful of
 empirical examples are seen as valid (e.g. crater lake cichlids). In this
 study, we disentangle the role of hypertrophied lips in the repeated
 adaptive radiations of Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fish. We assessed
 the role of disruptive selection and assortative mating during the early
 stages of divergence and found a functional trade-off in feeding behavior
 between thick- and thin-lipped ecotypes suggesting that this trait is a
 target of disruptive selection. Thick-lipped fish perform better on
 non-evasive prey at the cost of a poorer performance on evasive prey.
 Using enclosures in the wild, we found that thick-lipped fish perform
 significantly better in rocky than in sandy habitats. We found almost no
 mixed pairs during two breeding seasons and hence significant assortative
 mating. Genetic differentiation between ecotypes seems to be related to
 the time since colonization, being subtle in L. Masaya (1600 generations
 ago) and absent in the younger L. Apoyeque (&lt;600 generations ago).
 Genome-wide differentiation between ecotypes was higher in the old source
 lakes than in the young crater lakes. Our results suggest that
 hypertrophied lips might be promoting incipient sympatric speciation
 through divergent selection (ecological divergence in feeding performance)
 and non-random mating (assortative mating) in the young Nicaraguan crater
 lakes. Nonetheless, further manipulative experiments are needed in order
 to confirm the role of hypertrophied lips as the main cue for assortative
 mating.
description: VCF files Rad tag all
 lakesVariant call format file
 holding genotype information for all individuals including in the study.
 Only marker with at least 10 individuals per morph are
 included.Machado-Schiaffino_et_al_all_lakes_min10-ind-per-morph.vcfVCF file used to create Site Frequency spectrum Managua-ApoyequeVariant Call Format file used to create Site Frequency spectrum for Managua-Apoyeque.Machado-Schiaffino_et_al_Managua_Apoyeque_for_SFS.vcfVCF file used to create Site Frequency spectrum Managua-MasayaVariant Call Format file used to create Site Frequency spectrum for Managua-MasayaMachado-Schiaffino_et_al_Managua_Masaya_for_SFS.vcfAssortative mating experiment in laboratoryAssortative mating experiment between A. citrinellus and A. labiatus in laboratoryAssort_mating_in_laboratory.xlsxEnclosures crater lake ApoyequeTesting feeding performance in situ: Enclosures in crater lake Apoyeque.Enclosures_Apoyeque_wild.xlsxForaging performance crater lake Apoyeque: sessile preyForaging performance on sessile prey for wild caught thick- and thin-lipped morphs in crater lake Apoyeque.Foraging_angle_Apoyeque_wild.xlsxForaging performance in the lab: sessile preyForaging performance on sessile prey for A. citrinellus (thin-lipped) and A. labiatus (thick-lipped) in laboratory conditionsForaging_labiatus_vs_citrinellus_in_laboratory.xlsxForaging performance crater lake Apoyeque: evasive preyForaging performance on evasive prey for wild caught thick- and thin-lipped morphs in crater lake ApoyequeForaging_swimming_prey_Apoyeque_wild.xlsxNormalized protruded lip area for wild caught fish (all lakes)Normalized lip area of wild caught individuals from the great lakes Managua and Nicaragua and crater lakes Apoyeque and Masaya.Liparea_ratio_Managua_Nicaragua_Apoyeque_Masaya_wild.xlsxMouth shape differentiation between A. labiatus and A. citrinellusMouth shape differentiation between A. labiatus and A. citrinellus reared in the lab.Mouth-morphometric-differentiation-labiatus-citrinellus-in-laboratory.xlsx