cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cf7s1
title: Data from: When a clonal genome finds its way back to a sexual species: evidence from ongoing but rare introgression in the hybridogenetic water frog complex

description: Besides several exceptions, asexual metazoans are usually viewed as
 ephemeral sinks for genomes, which become ‘frozen’ in clonal lineages
 after their emergence from ancestral sexual species. Here, we investigated
 whether and at what rate the asexuals are able to introgress their genomes
 back into the parental sexual population, thus more or less importantly
 affecting the gene pools of sexual species. We focused on hybridogenetic
 hybrids of western Palaearctic water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus), which
 originate through hybridization between P. ridibundus and P. lessonae, but
 transmit only clonal ridibundus genome into their gametes. Although
 usually mating with P. lessonae, P. esculentus may upon mating with P.
 ridibundus or another hybrid produce sexually reproducing P. ridibundus
 offspring with the introgressed ex-clonal genome. We compared the rate of
 nuclear amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mitochondrial
 introgression in two types of populations, that is, those where P.
 ridibundus occurs in isolation and those where it lives with the
 hybridogens. Although significant differentiation (Φpt) between sexual and
 clonal ridibundus genomes suggested limited gene flow between sexuals and
 hybridogens, a non-negligible (~5%) proportion of P. ridibundus bore
 introgressed mtDNA and AFLP markers. Whereas transfer of mtDNA was
 exclusively unidirectional, introgression of nuclear markers was
 bidirectional. The proportion of introgressed P. ridibundus was highest in
 syntopic populations with P. esculentus, proving an ongoing and
 site-specific interspecific genetic transfer mediated by hybridogenetic
 hybrids. It turns out that asexual hybrids are not just a sink for genes
 of sexual species, but may significantly influence the genetic
 architecture of their sexual counterparts.
description: Mikulicek_AFLP markers
 for DRYADA matrix of AFLP markers
 studied in water frogs
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1p145
title: Data from: Genetic connectivity and diversity in inselberg populations of Acacia woodmaniorum, a rare endemic of the Yilgarn Craton banded iron formations

description: Historically rare plant species with disjunct population distributions and
 small population sizes might be expected to show significant genetic
 structure and low levels of genetic diversity due to the effects of
 inbreeding and genetic drift. Across the globe terrestrial inselbergs are
 habitat for rich, often rare and endemic flora and are valuable systems
 for investigating evolutionary processes that shape patterns of genetic
 structure and levels of genetic diversity at the landscape scale. We
 assessed genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity across the
 range of the historically rare inselberg endemic Acacia woodmaniorum.
 Phylogeographic and genetic structure indicates that connectivity is not
 sufficient to produce a panmictic population across the limited geographic
 range of the species. However, historical levels of gene flow are
 sufficient to maintain a high degree of adaptive connectivity across the
 landscape. Genetic diversity indicates gene flow is sufficient to largely
 counteract any negative genetic effects of inbreeding and random genetic
 drift in even the most disjunct or smallest populations. Phylogeographic
 and genetic structure, a signal of isolation by distance, and a lack of
 evidence of recent genetic bottlenecks suggest long term stability of
 contemporary population distributions and population sizes. There is some
 evidence that genetic connectivity among disjunct outcrops may be
 facilitated by the occasional long distance dispersal of Acacia polyads
 carried by insect pollinators moved by prevailing winds.
description: Genetic and spatial data
 for individuals of Acacia woodmaniorumGenetic data for
 genotyping at 15 microsatellite loci and spatial data for individuals of
 Acacia woodmaniorum collected in the field. The data file is provided in a
 format suitable for use by theGenAlEx (Peakall and Smouse, 2006) computer
 program and can be opened using Microsofts Excel computer program.Peakall
 R, Smouse P (2006). GenAlEx 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population
 genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:
 288-295.DatafileforDryad
 HDY13OR00099RR.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c44h0
title: Data from: A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition

description: Our basic understanding of plant litter decomposition informs the
 assumptions underlying widely applied soil biogeochemical models,
 including those embedded in Earth system models. Confidence in projected
 carbon cycle-climate feedbacks therefore depends on accurate knowledge
 about the controls regulating the rate at which plant biomass is
 decomposed into products such as CO2. Here, we test underlying assumptions
 of the dominant conceptual model of litter decomposition. The model posits
 that a primary control on the rate of decomposition at regional to global
 scales is climate (temperature and moisture), with the controlling effects
 of decomposers negligible at such broad spatial scales. Using a
 regional-scale litter decomposition experiment at six sites spanning from
 northern Sweden to southern France – and capturing both within and among
 site variation in putative controls – we find that contrary to predictions
 from the hierarchical model, decomposer (microbial) biomass strongly
 regulates decomposition at regional scales. Further, the size of the
 microbial biomass dictates the absolute change in decomposition rates with
 changing climate variables. Our findings suggest the need for revision of
 the hierarchical model, with decomposers acting as both local- and
 broad-scale controls on litter decomposition rates, necessitating their
 explicit consideration in global biogeochemical models.
description: Data from: Testing the
 hierarchical model of litter decompositionAll litter decomposition
 data, data on measured controlling variables, and treatment identifiers.
 The ReadMe text file describes the variables for all 52 columns of
 data.BradfordVeenLitDecompDATA.csvStatistical code used to analyze the data from: Testing the hierarchical model of litter decompositionAll R code used to analyze the data presented in the Bradford, Veen et al. manuscript titled, "Testing the hierarchical model of litter decomposition". Please also see the ReadMe file associated with the data for descriptions of the full data and code package.BradfordVeenLitDecompCODE.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.84hc0
title: Data from: A novel system for bi-ocular eye-tracking in vertebrates with laterally placed eyes

description: 1. Animals use vision to gather information about their environment and
 then use that information to make behavioural decisions that affect
 fitness. They will often move their heads or eyes to inspect areas of
 interest with their centres of acute vision, such as foveae, to gather
 high resolution information about potential mates, predation risks, or
 other aspects of the environment. Few studies to date have been able to
 accurately determine where laterally eyed animals direct their visual
 attention and how they use their eyes to gather information. 2. We present
 a non-invasive eye-tracking system that can simultaneously track the gaze
 of two eyes. This is particularly useful for studying animals with
 laterally placed eyes (most vertebrates) where the two eyes are viewing
 different images. This system can also accommodate comparative studies
 using animals of varying size, including small animals that are not
 frequently used in eye-tracking studies due to constraints of existing
 eye-tracking systems. We conducted an eye-tracking experiment with
 European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test the eye-tracking system,
 calibration methods and highlight relevant aspects of experimental design.
 3. We were able to accurately track the gaze of European starlings with
 &lt;5 degrees of error. We also found that starlings are more likely
 to fixate on biologically relevant visual stimuli (e.g. predators and
 active prey) than simple stimuli (e.g. a dot) in video playbacks. 4. The
 method presented here can be used to address ecological and evolutionary
 questions about where animals direct their attention and how they visually
 inspect mates, food and predators, as well as address management questions
 about how animals inspect man-made objects. This method can also be used
 to answer fundamental questions about vision, such as how laterally eyed
 vertebrates coordinate the use of their eyes laterally and binocularly.
description: Fixation
 DurationThis spreadsheet
 contains data for the dependent variable "fixation duration".
 The file contains two tabs. Tab "Data" contains all the
 explanatory and dependent data. Tab "Meta-data" contains
 definitions of the column headers.Fixations on
 StimulusThis spreadsheet file
 contains data for subject birds that fixated on target stimuli. In the
 first tab "didTheyLook", each row corresponds to a target
 stimulus presented to an individual bird. In the second tab
 "birdsWhoLook", each row again corresponds to a target stimulus
 presented to an individual bird. However, "birdsWhoLook"
 contains only data from birds that fixated on the stimulus, whereas
 "didTheyLook" contains all the stimulus presentations regardless
 of the bird's behavior. The third and final tab "Meta-data"
 contains definitions for the column headers from the first two
 tabs.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e49y2j
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 96 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "TaxonKey is Salvadora lineata",
 "Year 1960-2026"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 96 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000854-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7kk48
title: Data from: Ultrasound evaluation of the combined effects of thoracolumbar fascia injury and movement restriction in a porcine model

description: The persistence of back pain following acute back “sprains” is a serious
 public health problem with poorly understood pathophysiology. The recent
 finding that human subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP) have
 increased thickness and decreased mobility of the thoracolumbar fascia
 measured with ultrasound suggest that the fasciae of the back may be
 involved in LBP pathophysiology. This study used a porcine model to test
 the hypothesis that similar ultrasound findings can be produced
 experimentally in a porcine model by combining a local injury of fascia
 with movement restriction using a “hobble” device linking one foot to a
 chest harness for 8 weeks. Ultrasound measurements of thoracolumbar fascia
 thickness and shear plane mobility (shear strain) during passive hip
 flexion were made at the 8 week time point on the non-intervention side
 (injury and/or hobble). Injury alone caused both an increase in fascia
 thickness (p = .007) and a decrease in fascia shear strain on the
 non-injured side (p = .027). Movement restriction alone did not change
 fascia thickness but did decrease shear strain on the non-hobble side (p =
 .024). The combination of injury plus movement restriction had additive
 effects on reducing fascia mobility with a 52% reduction in shear strain
 compared with controls and a 28% reduction compared to movement
 restriction alone. These results suggest that a back injury involving
 fascia, even when healed, can affect the relative mobility of fascia
 layers away from the injured area, especially when movement is also
 restricted.
description: pigpaper_thicknessUltrasound Thickness measurementspigpaper_SSUltrasound shear strain measurementspigpaper_wtPig Weightspigpaper_gait_dataGait measurementspigpaper_cgrp_dataSpinal cord substance P and CGRP measurementspigpaper_cortisolSalivary cortisol measurements
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.662vr
title: Data from: Environmental associations with gene transcription in Babine Lake rainbow trout: evidence for local adaptation

description: The molecular genetic mechanisms facilitating local adaptation in
 salmonids continue to be poorly characterized. Gene transcription is a
 highly regulated step in the expression of a phenotype and it has been
 shown to respond to selection and thus may be one mechanism that
 facilitates the development of local adaptation. Advances in molecular
 genetic tools and an increased understanding of the functional roles of
 specific genes allow us to test hypotheses concerning the role of variable
 environments in shaping transcription at known-function candidate loci. To
 address these hypotheses, wild rainbow trout were collected in their first
 summer and subjected to metabolic and immune challenges. We assayed gene
 transcription at candidate loci that play a role in the molecular genetic
 response to these stresses, and correlated transcription with temperature
 data from the streams and the abundance and diversity of bacteria as
 characterized by massively parallel pyrosequencing. Patterns of
 transcriptional regulation from resting to induced levels varied among
 populations for both treatments. Co-inertia analysis demonstrated
 significant associations between resting levels of metabolic gene
 transcription and thermal regime (R2 = 0.19, P = 0.013) as well as in
 response to challenge (R2 = 0.39, P = 0.001) and resting state and
 challenged levels of cytokine gene transcription with relative abundances
 of bacteria (resting: R2 = 0.25, P = 0.009, challenged: R2 = 0.65, P =
 0.001). These results show that variable environments, even within a small
 geographic range (&lt;250 km), can drive divergent selection among
 populations for transcription of genes related to surviving stress.
description: qPCR
 dataRaw and normalized
 starting cDNA concentrations from gill tissue for expression of 4 immune
 genes and 4 metabolic genes at rest and in response to challenges.
 Treatments are contained in separate tabs where "C" under the
 treatment column reflects control or resting state transcription and
 "T" or "P" indicates response to temperature or
 vaccine challenge.WellbandEcoandEvoqPCRdata.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r87d6
title: Data from: Prioritizing management actions for invasive populations using cost, efficacy, demography, and expert opinion for 14 plant species worldwide

description: Management of invasive populations is typically investigated case-by-case.
 Comparative approaches have been applied to single aspects of management,
 such as demography, with cost or efficacy rarely incorporated. We present
 an analysis of the ranks of management actions for 14 species in five
 countries that extends beyond the use of demography alone to include
 multiple metrics for ranking management actions, which integrate cost,
 efficacy and demography (cost-effectiveness) and managers’ expert opinion
 of ranks. We use content analysis of manager surveys to assess the
 multiple criteria managers use to rank management strategies. Analysis of
 the matrix models for managed populations showed that all management
 actions led to reductions in population growth rate (λ), with a median 48%
 reduction in λ across all management units; however, only 66% of the
 actions led to declining populations (λ &lt; 1). Each management
 action ranked by cost-effectiveness and cost had a unique rank; however,
 elasticity ranks were often tied, providing less discrimination among
 management actions. Ranking management actions by cost alone aligned well
 with cost-effectiveness ranks and demographic elasticity ranks were also
 well aligned with cost-effectiveness. In contrast, efficacy ranks were
 aligned with managers’ ranks and managers identified efficacy and
 demography as important. 80% of managers identified off-target effects of
 management as important, which was not captured using any of the other
 metrics. Synthesis and applications. A multidimensional view of the
 benefits and costs of management options provides a range of single and
 integrated metrics. These rankings, and the relationships between them,
 can be used to assess management actions for invasive plants. The
 integrated cost-effectiveness approach goes well ‘beyond demography’ and
 provides additional information for managers; however, cost-effectiveness
 needs to be augmented with information on off-target effects and social
 impacts of management in order to provide greater benefits for
 on-the-ground management.
description: demographic &
 management datacost_effectiveness_ranks_Aug 14
 2015.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5p71ch
title: Data from: Natural hybridization between divergent lineages in a selfing hermaphroditic fish

description: By definition, mating between individuals is infrequent in highly selfing
 organisms, and so too, therefore, hybridization should be rare between
 genetically divergent lineages in predominantly self-fertilizing species.
 Notwithstanding these expectations, here we report a remarkable case of
 natural hybridization between highly diverged phylogeographic lineages of
 the mangrove rivulus, a small killifish that reproduces predominantly by
 self-fertilization and typically is found as highly homozygous lines in
 most parts of its extensive geographic range. Two distinctive genetic
 lineages (Kryptolebias marmoratus and a “Central clade” closely related to
 K. hermaphroditus) previously were not known in sympatry, but were found
 by us to co-occur on San Salvador, Bahamas. Genetic analyses of a
 mitochondrial and multiple nuclear markers determined the direction of a
 cross producing a hybrid fish. Furthermore, we show that this hybrid
 individual was viable, as it successfully reproduced by self-fertilization
 for two generations. Additional sampling of this population will be
 necessary to determine if backcrossing of hybrids to the parental lineages
 occurs in nature and to analyze whether such backcross progeny are viable.
 Application of the biological species concept (BSC) is traditionally
 difficult in clonally reproducing organisms. Our results show that
 although mangrove rivulus fish are mostly highly selfing in nature
 (resulting in isogenic, effectively clonal and homozygous progeny),
 classification within this taxonomic complex need not be incompatible with
 the BSC.
description: Microsatellite genotypes
 in mangrove rivulusGeographic origin of 237
 mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias) and their genotypes at 33 microsatellite
 lociESM
 fileS1 (Microsatellites).xlsxcox1 gene sequences in
 mangrove rivulusGenBank accessions and
 sequences of cox1 gene of 133 mangrove rivulus
 (Kryptolebias)ESM fileS2
 (cox1).xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5r776
title: Data from: C:N:P stoichiometry of Artemisia species and close relatives across northern China: unraveling effects of climate, soil and taxonomy

description: 1. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometries play
 critical roles in the function and structure of ecosystems by affecting
 important ecological processes. Yet, most studies to date have
 concentrated on foliar stoichiometry of phylogenetically distantly related
 species. 2. Here, we hypothesized that (i) plant stoichiometry of closely
 related species still shows biogeographic patterns because of the
 geographic patterns of abiotic environment at the regional scale and (ii)
 even related species still differ strongly in their stoichiometry owing to
 inherent differences in the absorption and retention of different
 elements. 3. To test the hypotheses, we analysed the C:N:P stoichiometry
 of 48 species of Artemisia and its close relatives from 65 sites across
 northern China. 4. Elemental concentrations and stoichiometry had no
 correlation with latitude or longitude but showed clear altitudinal
 trends. Climate had a weak effect on plant elemental concentrations and
 stoichiometry but not on C concentration. Soil chemistry had significant
 effects on C and P concentrations, C:P and N:P. Nested models revealed
 that species identity accounted for more than 30% of the total variance of
 all elemental concentrations and stoichiometric ratios, and different
 species responded differently to environmental gradients. 5. Synthesis.
 Our results highlight that even closely related species can vary
 importantly in plant elemental stoichiometry. This suggests that
 ecologists and global change researchers should be careful not to simply
 take a species’ stoichiometry as representative of an entire taxonomic
 group for upscaling of plant chemical responses to climatic and edaphic
 variation in our fast changing world.
description: Data of Artemisia C:N:P
 stoichiometryIn August to early
 September 2012, 48 species of Artemisia and their close relatives (Ajania,
 Filifolium, Hippolytia, Neopallasia and Seriphidium) were collected from
 65 sites of natural vegetation across China. C and N were analyzed using
 an element analyzer, and P concentrations were determined using the Thermo
 Scientific iCAP 6300.Stoichiometry
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gp14p82
title: Sex differences in helping effort reveal the effect of future reproduction on cooperative behaviour in birds

description: The evolution of helping behaviour in species that breed cooperatively in
 family groups is typically attributed to kin selection alone. However, in
 many species, helpers go on to inherit breeding positions in their natal
 groups, but the extent to which this contributes to selection for helping
 is unclear, as the future reproductive success of helpers is often
 unknown. To quantify the role of future reproduction in the evolution of
 helping, we compared the helping effort of female and male retained
 offspring across cooperative birds. The kin selected benefits of helping
 are equivalent between female and male helpers – they are equally related
 to the younger siblings they help raise – but the future reproductive
 benefits of helping differ because of sex differences in the likelihood of
 breeding in the natal group. We found that the sex which is more likely to
 breed in its natal group invests more in helping, suggesting that in
 addition to kin selection, helping in family groups is shaped by future
 reproduction.
description: Tables S1 to
 S4Table S1 - species
 included and excluded from the analyses. Table S2 - effect sizes
 (estimates of female and mae helper provisioning). Table S3 - inheritance
 rates and other demographic data for each species included in the
 analyses. Table S4 - output from statistical models.procBSuppTablesSubmission.xlsx
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14633179
title: Egypt Gold Prices | Daily Updated