cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6ym849
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sittasomus griseicapillus)",
 "Country is one of (American Samoa, Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001561-250710112747441/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.3535/kkp-p59-3ql
title: Euphorbia peplis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/798-0sp-a02
title: Anethum foeniculum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/j3j-cyv-vvt
title: Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/gs6-qy4-f5m
title: Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/z1e-qtm-eft
title: Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/28l-3ay-e74
title: Atriplex rosea L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/5n4-jcq-63v
title: Atriplex patula L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/h6q-7m0-s2q
title: Convolvulus arvensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/p88-qtf-yqd
title: Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/kqy-0sz-57x
title: Eryngium creticum Lam.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/q0a-ffz-1s4
title: Equisetum palustre L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/r15-pbd-9cs
title: Lathyrus grandiflorus Sm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/xsv-z1h-hba
title: Delphinium hispanicum Costa

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/n60-bp4-y52
title: Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/wyv-exh-zjz
title: Delphinium hispanicum Costa

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/8y1-r95-hyl
title: Chenopodium vulvaria L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/t38-j3y-d5g
title: Euphorbia aleppica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/krk-q27-y5w
title: Azolla filiculoides Lam.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/1n4-jh8-d91
title: Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/zrd-jd9-862
title: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum subsp. adiantum-nigrum

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/04h-s4v-82n
title: Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/w47-9gr-gp9
title: Lepidium L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5vgqee
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sittasomus griseicapillus)",
 "Country is one of (Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001560-250710112747441/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.3535/lmf-rpd-lxc
title: Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/mpt-k8z-eg0
title: Odontites vulgaris Moench

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/444-fjd-qvf
title: Equisetum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/6xs-qay-k26
title: Asplenium onopteris L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/2aq-qlh-6q4
title: Galium tenuissimum M.Bieb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/eqa-4k9-at3
title: Asplenium scolopendrium subsp. scolopendrium

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/bft-hkd-djg
title: Dryopteris Adans.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/hev-bj2-ny9
title: Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/1ns-b76-wb8
title: Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R.Dewey

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/kzc-cwb-jjq
title: Origanum vulgare L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/970-xap-9sl
title: Heliotropium suaveolens subsp. suaveolens

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/jxj-hf0-pj7
title: Ecballium elaterium subsp. elaterium

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/17s-lw3-da2
title: Pileolaria terebinthi (DC.) Castagne

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/jah-dx9-5zg
title: Kickxia Dumort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/vze-ed5-9xf
title: Eryngium creticum Lam.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/6lx-9dk-tj3
title: Kickxia Dumort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/6mb-w7s-nvp
title: Acer monspessulanum subsp. monspessulanum

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/6cx-93v-d2w
title: Ficus carica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/m86-7km-w1z
title: Carlina corymbosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/0r1-mma-6jz
title: Bupleurum junceum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/1mx-ec7-34x
title: Origanum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/xdt-hs4-r6t
title: Hypericum montbretii Spach

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/09w-04a-0cy
title: Herniaria L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/h0v-42j-h6h
title: Limonium echioides (L.) Mill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/am9-mcy-q7q
title: Fagus orientalis Lipsky

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/mmr-11m-sv9
title: Euphorbia L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/jnz-g13-a7f
title: Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/p5a-jn2-w70
title: Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/emv-xha-jgr
title: Hieracium L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/5ax-pq1-q3w
title: Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/s6t-27w-mkv
title: Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/67h-259-tb0
title: Helminthotheca echioides (L) Holub

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/mcl-tr6-v7h
title: Pentanema aschersonianum (Janka) D. Gut. Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M. M. Mart. Ort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/d3x-xmb-98m
title: Echinops L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/jrf-mg3-7qn
title: Erica manipuliflora Salisb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/0kd-1z1-x4w
title: Herniaria glabra L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/5ch-l0a-cq3
title: Kickxia Dumort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/m6c-6n1-0xz
title: Erigeron canadensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/tjq-lp1-6xm
title: Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/7ta-ygv-vqn
title: Galatella linosyris (L.) Rchb. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/3rl-mq7-768
title: Pentanema aschersonianum (Janka) D. Gut. Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M. M. Mart. Ort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/vnj-vbv-skh
title: Erigeron bonariensis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/b2v-awq-l7k
title: Asyneuma Griseb. & Schenk

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/hrx-d2n-46w
title: Glaucium flavum Crantz

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/eyq-19d-kem
title: Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/h3e-dpe-k39
title: Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/t5n-zbp-2na
title: Lemna minor L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/1z7-tce-wz8
title: Heracleum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/hzg-ab4-0jm
title: Eupatorium cannabinum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/sht-k6w-j32
title: Hypericum montbretii Spach

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/141-lfs-eec
title: Lythrum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/s4s-fr5-0nj
title: Mentha spicata L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/f92-8sk-bfj
title: Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/05l-xyy-94a
title: Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/tt9-ptd-9l9
title: Anethum foeniculum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/ecn-pj0-9jx
title: Eryngium maritimum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/evc-3gz-w0m
title: Euphorbia paralias L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/44v-rzv-v99
title: Pentanema ensifolium (L.) D. Gut. Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M. M. Mart. Ort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/828-hy0-kkt
title: Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/kdg-9r9-th6
title: Nonea atra Griseb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/srr-tvl-w9z
title: Ligustrum vulgare L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/z96-6hz-bvg
title: Hedera helix L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/5dr-845-z6q
title: Erica manipuliflora Salisb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/82m-1k1-50l
title: Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. ex Rchb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/67j-dbx-14s
title: Galium tenuissimum M.Bieb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/kp9-vjs-601
title: Pentanema squarrosum (L.) D. Gut. Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M. M. Mart. Ort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/rer-f62-p7b
title: Pentanema squarrosum (L.) D. Gut. Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M. M. Mart. Ort.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/vdh-868-e1c
title: Ephedra foeminea Forssk.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/2z8-y61-bsg
title: Heliotropium supinum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/ecl-7j1-v94
title: Lycopus exaltatus L.f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/fvn-p7x-ahx
title: Pancratium maritimum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/esv-bg9-whd
title: Heliotropium L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/w9x-3gx-tv3
title: Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/ce5-zt8-hp6
title: Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/dav-p2n-qcw
title: Herniaria L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/3cy-90c-hlk
title: Matthiola tricuspidata (L.) W. T. Aiton

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/wnh-8nl-lyl
title: Ecballium elaterium subsp. elaterium

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/7yf-0a6-hn5
title: Matricaria L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/mbd-zss-98q
title: Lycopus europaeus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/qes-br0-57j
title: Herniaria L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/rgp-wrk-bs5
title: Mentha spicata L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/xl8-xq1-kv0
title: Marrubium peregrinum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/0fr-ngm-6s7
title: Heliotropium suaveolens subsp. suaveolens

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/jl4-zlb-msd
title: Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/555-0pr-53a
title: Filago germanica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/zy3-748-nq1
title: Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/a9z-tz0-1wq
title: Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/z39-6jj-562
title: Echium italicum subsp. biebersteinii (Lacaita) Greuter & Burdet

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/118-ex2-6fv
title: Eryngium maritimum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/g5f-krq-29l
title: Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28794008.v1
title: A Stepwise Delivery of WapA Polymorphic Toxins, facilitated by an autocleavage, manipulating the tonsil microbiota for an optimal colonization in <i>Streptococcus suis</i>

description: WapA is a distant homologue of the rearrangement hotspot (Rhs) protein in Gram-positive bacteria, folding into a larger β-cage structure that eventually auto-cleaves to release the encapsulated C-terminal toxin. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) dependent secretion of Rhs polymorphic toxins in Gram-negative bacteria has been well-articulated, while the delivery mechanism of WapA homologues emerged in Gram-positive bacteria remains incompletely understood. Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen, and its colonization in host tonsil is believed to be a vital source of infection for humans and animals, while the mechanism of S. suis competing for a stable tonsil niche is unknown. Here we reported the 350-kDa WapA-CT1, facilitating the S. suis colonization by manipulating tonsil microbiota, is linked with a cognate SecF-like protein and a cognate SrtB sortase, encoded by two adjacent upstream genes. The unfolded WapA-CT1 was translocated across the cell membrane via the canonical Sec pathway under the guidance of its N-terminal Sec-signal motif and cognate SecF-like protein. An autocleavage assay identified four fragments within it: the N-terminal NCWB fragment, two middle Rhs domains (Rhs1&2) that fold as a β-barrel structure enclosed by Lid/RAC plugs on each side, and a C-terminal PreT-CT toxin domain. The NCWB fragment becomes attached to the cell wall following a SrtB catalyzed cleavage and interacts with EsaA-N to recruit the Rhs1&2-barrel. The Rhs2 domain binds to the homodimeric EsaA-M to traverse the Gram-positive cell envelope and release the encapsulated CT toxin to kill adjacent host microbiota after the autocleavage. Notably, the srtB-secF-like-wapA loci are prevalent in diverse Gram-positive bacterial species, particularly in Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. Collectively, we propose a stepwise Rhs/WapA-CT delivery that relies on the cooperation of two pathways, which significantly advances our understanding of the secretion mechanism of WapA polymorphic toxins, and their roles competing with host microbiota for an optimal colonization in bacterial pathogens.
DOI: 10.3535/acl-rbn-n9g
title: Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.
DOI: 10.3535/c7n-sfm-vtt
title: Ecballium elaterium subsp. elaterium

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin.