cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nc95n
title: Data from: Diversity and composition of tropical butterflies along an Afromontane agricultural gradient in the Jimma Highlands, Ethiopia

description: Afromontane landscapes are typically characterized by a mosaic of
 smallholder farms and the biodiversity impacts of these practices will
 vary in accordance to local management and landscape context. Here, we
 assess how tropical butterfly diversity is maintained across an
 agricultural landscape in the Jimma Highlands of Ethiopia. We used
 transect surveys to sample understory butterfly communities within
 degraded natural forest, semi-managed coffee forest (SMCF), exotic timber
 plantations, open woodland, croplands and pasture. Surveys were conducted
 in 29 one-hectare plots and repeated five times between January and June
 2013. We found that natural forest supports higher butterfly diversity
 than all agricultural plots (measured with Hill's numbers). SMCF and
 timber plantations retain relatively high abundance and diversity, but
 these metrics drop off sharply in open woodland, cropland and pasture.
 SMCF and timber plantations share the majority of their species with
 natural forest and support an equivalent abundance of forest-dependent
 species, with no increase in widespread species. There was some
 incongruence in the responses of families and sub-families, notably that
 Lycaenidae are strongly associated with open woodland and pasture. Adult
 butterflies clearly utilize forested agricultural practices such as SMCF
 and timber plantations, but species diversity declines steeply with
 distance from natural forest suggesting that earlier life-stages may
 depend on host plants and/or microclimatic conditions that are lost under
 agricultural management. From a management perspective, the protection of
 natural forest remains a priority for tropical butterfly conservation, but
 understanding functioning of the wider landscape mosaic is important as
 SMCF and timber plantations may act as habitat corridors that facilitate
 movement between forest fragments.
description: Butterfly species
 abundance matrixSpecies abundance matrix
 and associated environmental variables.Jimma Butterfly
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5d8jv
title: Data from: Cardiovascular variability analysis and baroreflex estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes in absence of any manifest neuropathy

description: Introduction: Indexes derived from spontaneous heart period (HP) and
 systolic arterial pressure (SAP) fluctuations can detect autonomic
 dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) associated
 to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) or other neuropathies. It is
 unknown whether HP and SAP variability indexes are sensitive enough to
 detect the autonomic dysfunction in DM patients without CAN and other
 neuropathies. Methods: We evaluated 68 males aged between 40 and 65 years.
 The group was composed by DM type 2 DM with no manifest neuropathy (n =
 34) and healthy (H) subjects (n = 34). The protocol consisted of 15
 minutes of recording of HP and SAP variabilities at rest in supine
 position (REST) and after active standing (STAND). The HP power in the
 high frequency band (HF, from 0.15 to 0.5 Hz), the SAP power in the low
 frequency band (LF, from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and BRS estimated via spectral
 approach and sequence method were computed. Results: The HF power of HP
 was lower in DM patients than in H subjects, while the two groups
 exhibited comparable HF power of HP during STAND. The LF power of SAP was
 similar in DM and H groups at REST and increased during STAND in both
 groups. BRSs estimated in the HF band and via baroreflex sequence method
 were lower in DM than in H and they decreased further during STAND in both
 populations. Conclusion: Results suggest that vagal control of heart rate
 and cardiac baroreflex control was impaired in type 2 DM, while
 sympathetic control directed to vessels, sympathetic and baroreflex
 response to STAND were preserved. Cardiovascular variability indexes are
 sensitive enough to typify the early, peculiar signs of autonomic
 dysfunction in type-2 DM patients well before CAN becomes manifest.
description: SCGMT et al -
 RestSCGMT et al -
 Stand
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h9b3d30
title: Data from: Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species

description: Abstract: Recognizing delineations of gene flow among groups of animals
 can be challenging, but necessary for conservation and management. Of
 particular importance is the identification of species boundaries. Several
 physical and genetic traits have been used with mixed success to
 distinguish Myotis keenii (Merriam, 1895) (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis
 evotis (H. Allen, 1864) (long-eared myotis), but it is unclear whether
 species distinction is biologically warranted. We generated 12-14
 microsatellite loci genotypes for 275 long-eared Myotis representing 4
 species -- M. keenii, M. evotis, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897)
 (northern myotis), and Myotis thysanodes Miller, 1897 (fringed myotis) --
 from across northwestern North America, and 23 Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte,
 1831) (little brown myotis) as outgroup. Population genetics analyses
 revealed four well defined groups (species): M. septentrionalis, M.
 thysanodes, M. lucifugus and a single group comprising M. keenii and M.
 evotis. We document high rates of gene flow within M. evotis/keenii.
 Cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) sequencing failed to resolve morphologically
 identifiable species. We highlight the importance of geographically
 thorough investigation of genetic connectivity (nuclear markers) when
 assessing taxonomic status of closely related groups. We document a
 morphometric cline within M. evotis/keenii that may in part explain
 earlier analyses that led to the description of the smaller-bodied M.
 keenii (type locality Haida Gwaii). We conclude that M. keenii does not
 qualify as a genetic or biological species.
description: Supplementary Table S2
 Microsat Structure DataMicrosatellite genotype
 dataset used in manuscript. Contains unique identifying number, field
 species identification, sample location, whether the sample was included
 in the ‘subsampled’ dataset. Refer to Supplementary Table S1 for details
 of loci used; genotypes are formatted for use in program
 STRUCTURE.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2qt5j
title: Data from: Variable environmental effects on a multi-component sexually selected trait

description: Multicomponent signals are made up of interacting elements that generate a
 functional signaling unit. The interactions between signal components and
 their effects on individual fitness are not well understood, and the
 effect of environment is even less so. It is usually assumed that color
 patterns appear the same in all light environments and that the effects of
 each color are additive. Using guppies, Poecilia reticulata, we
 investigated the effect of water color on the interactions between
 components of sexually selected male coloration. Through behavioral mate
 choice trials in four different water colors, we estimated the
 attractiveness of male color patterns, using multivariate fitness
 estimates and overall signal contrast. Our results show that females
 exhibit preferences that favor groups of colors rather than individual
 colors independently and that each environment favors different color
 combinations. We found that these effects are consistent with female
 guppies selecting entire color patterns on the basis of overall visual
 contrast. This suggests that both individuals and populations inhabiting
 different light environments will be subject to divergent, multivariate
 selection. Although the appearance of color patterns changes with light
 environment, achromatic components change little, suggesting that these
 could function in species recognition or other aspects of communication
 that must work across environments. Consequently, we predict different
 phylogenetic patterns between chromatic and achromatic signals within the
 same clades.
description: MeanChoiceAndColorDataRaw data for the mate choice experimentsCanonical analysisR script to do the canonical analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.16r15
title: Data from: Sequential stable isotope analysis reveals differences in dietary history of three sympatric equid species in the Mongolian Gobi

description: Competition among sympatric wild herbivores is reduced by different
 physiological, morphological and behavioural traits resulting in different
 dietary niches. Wild equids are a rather uniform group of large herbivores
 which have dramatically declined in numbers and range. Correlative
 evidence suggests that pasture competition with livestock is one of the
 key factors for this decline, and the situation may be aggravated in areas
 where different equid species overlap. The Dzungarian Gobi is currently
 the only place where two wild equid species coexist and share the range
 with the domesticated form of a third equid species. In the winter-cold
 Gobi desert pasture productivity is low, highly seasonal, and wild equids
 additionally face increasing livestock densities. We used stable isotope
 chronologies of tail hairs to draw inferences about multi-year diet
 seasonality, isotopic dietary niches and physiological adaptations in the
 Asiatic wild ass (khulan), re-introduced Przewalski's horse, and
 domestic horse in the Mongolian part of the Dzungarian Gobi. Our results
 showed that even in the arid Gobi, both horse species are predominantly
 grazers, whereas khulan are highly seasonal, switching from being grazers
 in summer to mixed feeders in winter. The isotopic dietary niches of the
 two horse species were almost identical, did not vary with season as in
 khulan and were narrower than in the latter. Higher δ15N values point
 towards higher water use efficiency in khulan, which may be one reason why
 they can exploit pastures further away from water. Synthesis and
 applications. The high degree of isotopic dietary niche overlap in the two
 horse species in the Mongolian Gobi points towards a high potential for
 pasture competition during the critical nutritional bottleneck in winter
 and highlights the need to severely restrict grazing of domestic horses on
 the range of the Przewalski's horses. The evolutionary more distant
 khulan are less constrained by water and seem more flexible in their
 choice of diet or less successful in exploiting grass-dominated habitats
 in winter due to human presence. Providing additional water sources could
 increase the competition between khulan and livestock and should,
 therefore, only be done following careful consideration.
description: Raw equid tail hair
 isotope dataThe data file contains
 raw tail hair stable isotope data (CNH) of three sympatric equid species
 from NW Mongolia. Data were originally used to draw inferences about
 multi-year diet seasonality, isotopic dietary niches, and physiological
 adaptations in the Asiatic wild ass (khulan), re-introduced Przewalski’s
 horse, and domestic horse in the Mongolian part of the Dzungarian
 Gobi.Extant
 equids _raw CNH isotope data.xlsx
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14634412
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8mm58
title: Data from: Efficacy of visual surveys for white-nose syndrome at bat hibernacula

description: White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) is an epizootic disease in hibernating bats
 caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Surveillance for P.
 destructans at bat hibernacula consists primarily of visual surveys of
 bats, collection of potentially infected bats, and submission of these
 bats for laboratory testing. Cryptic infections (bats that are infected
 but display no visual signs of fungus) could lead to the
 mischaracterization of the infection status of a site and the inadvertent
 spread of P. destructans. We determined the efficacy of visual detection
 of P. destructans by examining visual signs and molecular detection of P.
 destructans on 928 bats of six species at 27 sites during surveys
 conducted from January through March in 2012–2014 in the southeastern USA
 on the leading edge of the disease invasion. Cryptic infections were
 widespread with 77% of bats that tested positive by qPCR showing no
 visible signs of infection. The probability of exhibiting visual signs of
 infection increased with sampling date and pathogen load, the latter of
 which was substantially higher in three species (Myotis lucifugus, M.
 septentrionalis, and Perimyotis subflavus). In addition, M. lucifugus was
 more likely to show visual signs of infection than other species given the
 same pathogen load. Nearly all infections were cryptic in three species
 (Eptesicus fuscus, M. grisescens, and M. sodalis), which had much lower
 fungal loads. The presence of M. lucifugus or M. septentrionalis at a site
 increased the probability that P. destructans was visually detected on
 bats. Our results suggest that cryptic infections of P. destructans are
 common in all bat species, and visible infections rarely occur in some
 species. However, due to very high infection prevalence and loads in some
 species, we estimate that visual surveys examining at least 17 individuals
 of M. lucifugus and M. septentrionalis, or 29 individuals of P. subflavus
 are still effective to determine whether a site has bats infected with P.
 destructans. In addition, because the probability of visually detecting
 the fungus was higher later in winter, surveys should be done as close to
 the end of the hibernation period as possible.
description: Swabbing data for
 2012-2014Raw data used to
 calculate the fungal load of each bat swabbed. Data includes: swab id (for
 lab use), date swab was taken, general site name and county of caves, bat
 species (4 letter genus/species abbreviations), P. destructans visible
 (0=no, 1=yes), and cycle threshold (ct) value(s) from qPCR assay(s). Exact
 cave names and locations are not given to protect the bats from human
 disturbance.Janicki et al. Supplemental
 FINAL.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.db40gj8
title: Data from: Plant life history stage and nurse age change the development of ecological networks in an arid ecosystem

description: Understanding how ecological networks are organised over the course of an
 organism’s lifetime is crucial for predicting the dynamics of interacting
 populations and communities across temporal scales. However, most studies
 so far considered only one life history stage at a time, such as adult,
 when studying networks of interacting species. Therefore, knowledge about
 how multiple life history stages affect the development and stability of
 plant–plant association networks is lacking. We measured the understory
 adult plant community and the soil seed bank across a plant age gradient
 of the nurse shrub Retama sphaerocarpa in an arid ecosystem in Spain.
 Using a multilayer network approach, we built adult understory–nurse and
 seed bank–nurse networks and analysed how network nestedness, species’
 role, and species specificity varied between them and with nurse plant
 age. We found that seed bank and adult understory networks changed
 depending on nurse plant age in two different ways. With increasing nurse
 plant age, adult understory networks became significantly more nested than
 seed bank networks. The nested architecture of seed bank networks was
 therefore a poor predictor of adult understory network nestedness. The
 contribution and specificity of species to network nestedness increased
 with increasing nurse plant age more in the adult understory than in seed
 bank networks, despite high species turnover. Our data show that life
 history and ontogeny affect the development of plant–plant association
 networks. Niche construction and environmental filtering along nurse
 ontogeny seem pivotal mechanisms structuring adult understory networks
 while the assembly of seed bank networks seems rather stochastic. We
 highlight the importance of mature plant communities for maintaining rare
 species populations and supporting the stability of ecological communities
 through time.
description: losapio_etal_2018oikosThis .RData file contains both the raw data from Pugnaire et al. 1996 and Pugnaire & Lazaro 2000 as well as the processed data, as the ecological networks and null models. The relative R code is attached in README.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1965
title: Data from: Domestic chickens defy Rensch's rule: sexual size dimorphism in chicken breeds

description: Sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e., the difference in sizes of males and
 females, is a key evolutionary feature that is related to ecology,
 behaviour and life histories of organisms. Although the basic patterns of
 SSD are well documented for several major taxa, the processes generating
 SSD are poorly understood. Domesticated animals offer excellent
 opportunities for testing predictions of functional explanations of SSD
 theory because domestic stocks were often selected by humans for
 particular desirable traits. Here we analyze SSD in 139 breeds of domestic
 chickens Gallus gallus domesticus, and compare them to their wild
 relatives (pheasants, partridges and grouse; Phasianidae, 53 species). SSD
 was male-biased in all chicken breeds, since males were 21.5 ± 0.55% (mean
 ± SE) heavier than females. The extent of SSD did not differ among breeds
 (cock fighting, ornamental, and breeds selected for egg and meat
 production). SSD of chicken breeds was not different from wild pheasants
 and allies (23.5 ± 3.43%), although the wild ancestor of chickens, the red
 jungle fowl Gallus gallus, had more extreme SSD (male 68.8% heavier) than
 any domesticated breed. Male mass and female mass exhibited positive
 allometry among pheasants and allies, consistently with the Rensch’s rule
 reported from various taxa. However, body mass scaled isometrically across
 chicken breeds. The latter results suggest that sex-specific selection on
 males versus females is necessary to generate positive allometry, i.e.,
 the Rensch's rule, in wild populations.
description: data_chickens_and_phasianidsData used for the analyses of SSD in chicken breeds and wild phasianids (data on separate sheets). Collected from published literature. Column headings either self-explanatory or explained by a note in MS Excel, which was used to create the data file.phylogeny_PhasianidaePhylogeny of phasianids used for phylogenetically-controlled analyses of sexual dimorphism in wild Phasianidae. In Nexus (=bracket) format. The same phylogeny is also an electronic supplement of the paper as a picture.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12t657f
title: Data from: Variation in context-dependent foraging behavior across pollinators

description: Pollinator foraging behavior has direct consequences for plant
 reproduction and has been implicated in driving floral trait evolution.
 Exploring the degree to which pollinators exhibit flexibility in foraging
 behavior will add to a mechanistic understanding of how pollinators can
 impose selection on plant traits. Although plants have evolved suites of
 floral traits to attract pollinators, flower color is a particularly
 important aspect of the floral display. Some pollinators show strong
 innate color preference, but many pollinators display flexibility in
 preference due to learning associations between rewards and color, or due
 to variable perception of color in different environments or plant
 communities. This study examines the flexibility in flower color
 preference of two groups of native butterfly pollinators under natural
 field conditions. We find that pipevine swallowtails (Battus philenor) and
 skippers (family Hesperiidae), the predominate pollinators of the two
 native Texas Phlox species, Phlox cuspidata and Phlox drummondii, display
 distinct patterns of color preferences across different contexts. Pipevine
 swallowtails exhibit highly flexible color preferences and likely utilize
 other floral traits to make foraging decisions. In contrast, skippers have
 consistent color preferences and likely use flower color as a primary cue
 for foraging. As a result of this variation in color preference
 flexibility, the two pollinator groups impose concordant selection on
 flower color in some contexts but discordant selection in other contexts.
 This variability could have profound implications for how flower traits
 respond to pollinator‐mediated selection. Our findings suggest that
 studying dynamics of behavior in natural field conditions is important for
 understanding plant–pollinator interactions.
description: Briggsetal.2018_dryadData includes all three years of visitation per butterfly individual.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q0r11
title: Data from: Synergistic effects of direct and indirect defences on herbivore egg survival in a wild crucifer

description: Evolutionary theory of plant defences against herbivores predicts a
 trade-off between direct (anti-herbivore traits) and indirect defences
 (attraction of carnivores) when carnivore fitness is reduced. Such a
 trade-off is expected in plant species that kill herbivore eggs by
 exhibiting a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis, which should then
 negatively affect carnivores. We used the black mustard (Brassica nigra)
 to investigate how this potentially lethal direct trait affects
 preferences and/or performances of specialist cabbage white butterflies
 (Pieris spp.), and their natural enemies, tiny egg parasitoid wasps
 (Trichogramma spp.). Both within and between black mustard populations, we
 observed variation in the expression of Pieris egg-induced HR. Butterfly
 eggs on plants with HR-like necrosis suffered lower hatching rates and
 higher parasitism than eggs that did not induce the trait. In addition,
 Trichogramma wasps were attracted to volatiles of egg-induced plants that
 also expressed HR, and this attraction depended on the Trichogramma strain
 used. Consequently, HR did not have a negative effect on egg parasitoid
 survival. We conclude that even within a system where plants deploy lethal
 direct defences, such defences may still act with indirect defences in a
 synergistic manner to reduce herbivore pressure.
description: Fatouros et al. raw data
 fileAll data presented in
 figure 1-3