DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fb88292
title: Data from: Priors and posteriors in Bayesian timing of divergence analyses: the age of butterflies revisited

description: The need for robust estimates of times of divergence is essential for
 downstream analyses, yet assessing this robustness is still rare. We
 generated a time-calibrated genus-level phylogeny of butterflies
 (Papilionoidea), including 994 taxa, up to 10 gene fragments and an
 unprecedented set of 12 fossils and 10 host-plant node calibration points.
 We compared marginal priors and posterior distributions to assess the
 relative importance of the former on the latter. This approach revealed a
 strong influence of the set of priors on the root age but for most
 calibrated nodes posterior distributions shifted from the marginal prior,
 indicating significant information in the molecular dataset. Using a very
 conservative approach we estimated an origin of butterflies at 107.6 Ma,
 approximately equivalent to the latest Early Cretaceous, with a
 credibility interval ranging from 89.5 Ma (mid Late Cretaceous) to 129.5
 Ma (mid Early Cretaceous). In addition, we tested the effects of changing
 fossil calibration priors, tree prior, different sets of calibrations and
 different sampling fractions but our estimate remained robust to these
 alternative assumptions. With 994 genera, this tree provides a
 comprehensive source of secondary calibrations for studies on butterflies.
description: S1_List_of_taxaList of taxa and Genbank accession codes.S_2a_Core_analysis_datasetS2. Molecular matrix for the core analysis (S2a).S_2b_Reduced_datasetS2. Molecular matrix for the reduced dataset (S2b).S_2c_Dataset_with_COIS2. Molecular matrix for the dataset with a mitochondrial fragment (S2c).S_3a_core analysis_RAxML_topologyS3. RAxML topology (S3a) obtained from the core analysis. Numbers at the nodes indicate rapid-bootstrap support values.S_3b_core_analysis_median_agesS3. Time-calibrated tree (S3b) obtained from the core analysis. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_4_deep_Level_fossils_median_agesS4. Tree obtained when using only deep-level fossil calibrations. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_5_shallow_Level_fossils_median_agesS5. Tree obtained when using only shallow-level fossil calibrations. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_6_reduced_dataset_median_agesS6. Tree obtained from the reduced dataset. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_7_exponential_priors_median_agesS7. Tree obtained when using exponential fossil calibration priors. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_8_nuclear_and_COI_median_agesS8. Tree obtained when adding a mitochondrial gene fragment. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_9_lognormalPriors_median_agesS9. Tree obtained when using fossil information only modeled using lognormal priors. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_10a_Foster_2017_median_agesS10. Tree obtained when using the host-plant ages obtained from Foster et al. (2017). Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_10b_Foster_2017_mode_agesS10. Tree obtained when using the host-plant ages obtained from Foster et al. (2017). Node ages are the mode of the kernel density estimate of the posterior distribution.S_11_Yule_treePrior_median agesS11. Tree obtained when using a Yule prior instead of Birth-Death tree prior. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions.S_12_core_analysis_detailed_tree_figureS12. Figure of the complete tree obtained from the core analysis, including the position of all the calibration points used in the core analysis. Node ages are the median of node age posterior distributions. Credibility intervals are also shown.