cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/35921c93-2d9e-4e35-8de5-adbfc37641b4
title: Extractable phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus from two UK grassland soils under elevated CO2, 2018-2020

description: This dataset contains information on bio-available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus from two UK grassland soils and how this is affected by elevated CO2 (eCO2). The soils are from naturally phosphorus limited grasslands in the Peak District National Park, in northern England. The grasslands were exposed to eCO2 of 600 ppm, and ambient CO2 controls were maintained at ca. 400 ppm for three growing seasons (2018-2020). Soils were sampled once each year in October, and underwent extraction (bio-available phosphorus) or chloroform-fumigation-extraction (microbial biomass phosphorus) with 0.5M NaHCO3. Concentrations of phosphorus in the extracts were determined by ICP-OES. 
description: Soils were processed in the laboratories of the University of Sheffield and soil extracts were analysed at the University of Exeter. Internal standards were used to quantify phosphorus concentrations and soil microbial phosphorus values which were unrealistic (negative) were discarded.
DOI: 10.5285/aff433be-0869-4393-b765-9e6faad2a12b
title: UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) spittle bug data: 1993-2015

description: Spittle Bug data from the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) terrestrial sites. These data are collected by quadrat sampling at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol . They represent continuous annual records from 1993 to 2015. Spittle Bug adults (Philaenus spumarius) are sampled and separated by sex and by colour morph; it is likely that the proportions of morphs are environmentally determined and will therefore be good indicators of environmental change. Spittle bug nymphs are counted and the mean number of nymphs per spittle recorded. ECN is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. These organisations are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage.
description: Data are collected by quadrat sampling at all of ECN's terrestrial sites using a standard protocol. Prior to deposit of the data in the EIDC, data are managed by the ECN Data Centre at CEH Lancaster according to defined protocols.  

Verification steps include numeric range checks (i.e. checking if a value falls within a specified range), categorical checks (e.g. checking that a species code appears on the standard code list), formatting (i.e. that the dataset conforms to the specified data format) and logical integrity checks (i.e. checking the data make sense, e.g. that the dates in one dataset match those in a related dataset).

Appropriate range settings for ECN variables have been selected following discussion with specialists in each field. Where data fall outside these ranges, a cautious approach has been adopted towards discarding data on the principle that apparent errors may be valid outliers. Such values are discarded only if there is a clear explanation (e.g. an instrumentation error) and corrections are made where possible. If the reason is unclear, the values are stored, but are qualified using pre-defined quality codes or free-text descriptions. Data providers also use these codes or free text to describe factors affecting sampling outside their control, instrument damage or site management effects.
DOI: 10.5285/e5554b83-910f-4030-8f4e-81967dc7047c
title: Dry bulk density, loss on ignition and organic carbon content of surficial soils from English and Welsh salt marshes 2019

description:  The data provide a quantitative measure of the dry bulk density, soil texture, organic matter content (LOI) and organic carbon present within surface soils (up to a depth of 10 cm). A total of 212 samples from 49 sites across England and Wales  were collected using modified syringe samplers as part of the citizen scientist programme CarbonQuest, part of Carbon Storage in Intertidal Environments (C-SIDE) project. Sites were chosen to represent contrasting habitats across England and Wales, in particular sediment types, vegetation and sea level history.The samples were processed for bulk density, soil texture, organic matter content using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method and the organic carbon was quantified through elemental analysis. The data were collected to help create a detailed picture of saltmarsh carbon storage in surficial soils across England and Wales.
 
The work was carried out under the NERC programme - Carbon Storage in Intertidal Environment (C-SIDE), NERC grant reference NE/R010846/1 
description: Soil cores were taken at each sampling location using a modified syringe corer (50ml). The location of the sample was recorded using GPS. Prior to analysis the samples were stored at -20 degrees Celsius at the University of St Andrews. Dry bulk density, soil texture, organic matter content and organic carbon data was produced using standard analytical procedures (detailed in the supporting documentation). All laboratory equipment were calibrated in accordance with the laboratory practises at the University of St Andrews. Results were recorded on to lab sheets and transferred into an Excel file. Results were exported as comma separated value (.csv) files for ingestion into the EIDC.
DOI: 10.5285/bf508daa-c33c-4d75-a250-72b94b1855d4
title: Heavy metal, nitrogen, and sulphur atmospheric deposition from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program Model for the UK (EMEP4UK) for 1750-2018

description: This dataset is a model output from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) model applied to the UK (EMEP4UK) driven by Weather and Research Forecast model meteorology (WRF). It provides annual total atmospheric deposition of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, sulphur, and nitrogen over the UK on a 3x3 km2 grid for years between 1750 and 2018.

The EMEP4UK model version used here is rv4.36, and the WRF model version is the 4.2.2.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

description: Daily average concentrations for a model domain covering the UK with a resolution of about 3x3 km2 were calculated using the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model. The model was evaluated using the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) monitoring stations. R was used to access the AURN dataset to evaluate the EMEP4UK model output.

To assess and control the quality of the heavy metal data, we used observations from the Defra UK Heavy Metals Network and historical observation from NETCEN (Baker 2001).

The data were processed from the full EMEP4UK model output to a subset containing essential variables only. The Climate Data Operators version 1.9.10 was used to subset the model output.
DOI: 10.5285/3aaa52d3-918a-4f95-b065-32f33e45d4f6
title: Topsoil carbon concentration estimates from the Countryside Survey of Great Britain, 2007 using a generalized additive model

description: This dataset presents modelled estimates of soil carbon concentration (g kg-1) at 1km2 resolution across Great Britain. A Generalized Additive Model approach was used with Countryside Survey soil carbon data from 2007 and including climate, atmospheric deposition, habitat, soil and spatial predictors. The model is based on soil carbon data from 2446 locations across Great Britain and is representative of 0-15 cm soil depth. Loss-on-ignition (LOI) was determined by combustion of 10g dry soil at 375 degrees Celsius for 16 hours; carbon concentration was estimated by multiplying LOI by a factor of 0.55. The Countryside Survey looks at a range of physical, chemical and biological properties of the topsoil from a representative sample of habitats across the UK. 

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: The data used to model soil carbon concentration are taken from the Countryside Survey. The technical reports by Emmett et al. (2010) present full methodological details for the Countryside Survey soil sampling and analytical processes, and can be found at: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9354/1/CS_UK_2007_TR9.pdf.
DOI: 10.5285/5012d5c1-da82-4773-b286-01222595a8c8
title: Soil nutrient data from Winklebury Hill, UK, in 2014

description: This dataset contains nutrient data from soils and microbial biomass in soils from an experiment based at Winklebury Hill, UK. The experiment used seeds and plug plants to create different plant communities on the bare chalk on Winklebury Hill and tested the resulting carbon and nutrient cycling rates and compared these to the characteristics of different plant functional groups. The experiment ran from 2013 to 2016 and this dataset contains data from 2014 only. This experiment was part of the Wessex BESS project, a six-year (2011-2017) project aimed at understanding how biodiversity underpins the ecosystem functions and services that landscapes provide.
description: Ammonium, nitrate and total nitrogen were measured using a Seal Analytical AA3 autoanalyser with UV digester, running 5% analytical replicates, recalibration (at 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 ppm) and blanks every 20 samples. Carbon was measured using a Shimadzu TOC analyser, running 5% analytical replicates and blanks every 20 samples. Extracts were adjusted for soil moisture. Standardised protocols were followed in all cases, details of which can be found in the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/62bf0251-ca8d-4288-a274-0ff6e39b3a3c
title: Bait use of arboreal ants in a lowland tropical rainforest, Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Malaysia, 2015-2018

description: This dataset measures the abundance of ant species at baited traps set across twelve trees in four experimental plots in lowland, tropical rainforest. Baited traps were set at 5 m vertical intervals from the ground to as high as possible in the canopy, the stratum of each trap location was recorded. At each height two pairs of baited traps were set, each pair contained one trap baited with carbohydrate (honey and oats) and the second with protein (tuna). Traps within each pair were separated by approximately 20cm were left open for 24 hours. All ants collected were identified to morphospecies level and the species abundance in each trap was recorded. 
description: Twelve 50 m x 50 m experimental plots were located in lowland, tropical rainforest in Maliau Basin Conservation Area (MBCA) this included: four control plots, four ant suppression plots and four termite suppression plots. In ant suppression plots ground-dwelling ants were suppressed and in termite suppression plots ground-dwelling termites were suppressed. All plots were established in October 2014 and suppression of ants and termites was maintained until October 2017. Data on the bait use of arboreal ants in this investigation were only collected from control plots.

Ants were collected from February to May 2016 across 12 trees using baited traps. On each tree, sampling stations were set vertically every 5 m from the ground to as high up into the canopy as possible. The number of traps set on each tree ranged from 28 to 44 (mean ± SD = 35 ± 6); across all trees 416 baited traps were set (208 carbohydrate and 208 protein). The stratum (canopy or trunk) of each trap location was recorded, traps placed above the first branch were identified as canopy and traps below the first branch as trunk. Each sampling station comprised two pairs of baited traps (four traps in total); each pair contained one trap baited with carbohydrate (honey and oats) and the second with protein (tuna). Pairs of traps were hung over nails on opposite sides of the trunk at each height interval. Traps within each pair were separated by ca. 20 cm and left open for 24 hours. On collection, specimens within each trap were kept separate and transferred to 70 percent ethanol. All ant specimens were identified to genus and to morphospecies level. Voucher specimens are lodged in a reference collection at the University of Liverpool and Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
DOI: 10.5285/ca34e25b-6138-4b72-b32c-778d762118f1
title: Vegetation cover at 54 UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme sites in southern England, 2008-9

description: This dataset contains vegetation abundance information from sites in southern England. The data are estimated as percentage cover and flower density of 165 plant species in 1624 vegetation quadrats. The surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009. The 54 sites are all part of the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme network. The data were collected to compare plant abundance and butterfly population density. The research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
description: Samples were collected using a standardised protocol involving a quadrat of 1 metre square. The data were estimated by a single observer in the field. No subsequent processing was necessary.
DOI: 10.5285/aff5210d-27e9-4655-badb-4d16c3adeb17
title: Orthomosaic aerial imaging from the Irontongue Hill erosion study site, Swineshaw Moor, UK, July 2019

description: This dataset consists of a single orthophoto mosaic image of Irontongue Hill on Swineshaw Moor. The area of interest includes seven erosion plots (approximately 5 x 5 m) which were set up on 26/07/2018 to capture the state of the burnt moorland surface and monitor subsequent erosion and vegetation recovery. The area of interest is approximately 0.45 km2.
description: The orthophoto mosaic was generated from 786 separate image files captured using a DJI Mavic 2 Pro Drone on 29th July 2019. A dense SfM point cloud was generated in Agisoft Metashape. Ground Control Point coordinates were used to scale and georeference the point clouds based upon the dGPS coordinates. The DEM dense point cloud and orthomosaic were exported to ARcGIS and projected in OSGB co-ordinates and resampled at 5 x 5 cm ground resolution before being resaved as a final .tif file.
DOI: 10.5285/cb0d7a37-45c5-4645-b5ef-ba097d92fc20
title: Growth rates of grass species with contrasting photosynthetic pathways and life histories

description: This dataset contains sequential biomass harvests from a plant growth experiment carried out under controlled environmental conditions in Sheffield. The experiment was carried out in three parts in 2016 and 2017, and was designed to investigate differences in growth among grasses with the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, and with annual and perennial life histories. Plants were harvested approximately weekly over a period of five weeks. 

The data include information on the dry biomass of roots and leaves, and the numbers of roots, leaves and shoot branches. Also included is an independent dataset of leaf anatomical characteristics derived from herbarium specimens, which was used to test how mechanical support scales with leaf size. Finally, the data include the phylogenetic relationships among species, which were used in analyses. 

The work was funded by NERC standard grant NE/N003152/1.
description: A phylogeny for the species involved in the growth analysis was reconstructed using a set of sequences from four regions of the chloroplast genome that have been widely used in grass phylogenetics: trnKmatK, rbcL, ndhF and trnLtrnF. These markers were retrieved from NCBI databases when available for the species used here, and were amplified and Sanger sequenced using published protocols for species that had never been analysed. Each marker was then aligned using MUSCLE v.3.8.31, and the alignment was manually verified. The four markers were then concatenated, and a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree was inferred using Beast v1.8.4. The GTR+G+I substitution model was used, and the speciation prior was set to a Yule process. A relaxed molecular clock with a log-normal distribution was used. The monophyly of each of the BOP and PACMAD clades was enforced to root the tree, and the split of the two clades was constrained by a normal distribution with a mean of 51.2 and a standard deviation of 0.0001. Two analyses were run for 10,000,000 generations, with sampling frequency of 1,000 generations. Convergence of the runs and effective sampling sizes were monitored with Tracer v1.6, and the burn-in period was set to 5,000,000. Posterior trees from the two analyses were combined, and median ages were mapped on the highest credibility tree, which was used for comparative analyses.
DOI: 10.5285/35b49db6-8522-4c6b-a779-820268292603
title: Community antimicrobial resistance genes and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals in NE England soils (2016)

description: The dataset collates the relative concentration of nearly 300 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and potentially toxic elements (PTE; e.g., “metals”) found in soils across northeastern England during a sampling expedition in June 2016 by researchers at Newcastle University. Top soils (15 cm depths; “A” horizon) were obtained from 24 rural and urban locations around Newcastle upon Tyne, representing a spectrum of landscape conditions relative to anticipated PTE contamination. 

There are three files related to different types of data collected: antimicrobial resistance genes, metal concentrations and PAH concentrations.

The high-throughput analysis of nearly 300 AMR genes include many resistance traits representing major antibiotic classes: aminoglycosides, beta lactams, FCA (fluoroquinolone, quinolone, chloramphenicol, florfenicol and amphenicol resistance genes), MLSB (macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B), tetracycline, vancomycin, sulphonamide, and efflux pumps. 

PAH data represent the US Environmental Protection Agency priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as one of the measures of pollution impact.  

The other measure of impact is based on levels of twelve PTE represented by “total” and “two bio-available” concentrations, based on three extraction methods. Elements included aluminium, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, phosphorus, and zinc. 
description: The dataset was developed by researchers at Newcastle University in close collaboration with Institute of Urban Environment – Chinese Academy of Sciences  and submitted by  University of Strathclyde. The data were compiled under the auspices of the NERC “AMR in the Real World” funded project (NE/N019776/1). 

 Details of their methodologies are provided in the accompanying supplemental information.
DOI: 10.5285/4e8f3459-4101-4c85-a598-80b3c739f580
title: GCM-based monthly patterns of local meteorological change, per degree of mean land warming, for driving  the IMOGEN impacts model

description: This dataset consists of monthly spatial patterns of meteorological change for 22 Global Circulation Models (GCMs). The patterns are a set of regression coefficients, each representing the change per degree of mean global warming over land, for the corresponding meteorological variable. The meteorological variables analysed for each GCM include: surface temperature change per degree global warming (K/K); surface relative humidity change per degree global warming (%/K); wind change per degree global warming (m/s/K); longwave change per degree global warming (W/m2/K); shortwave change per degree global warming (W/m2/K); precipitation change per degree global warming (mm/day/K) and pressure change per degree global warming (hPa/K). 

The 22 GCMs emulated are: BCCR-BCM2.0, CGCM3.1(T47), CNRM-CM3, CSIRO-Mk3.0, CSIRO-Mk3.5, GFDL-CM2.0, GFDL-CM2.1, GISS-EH, GISS-ER, FGOALS-g1.0, INGV-SXG, INM-CM3.0, IPSL-CM4, MIROC3.2(hires), MIROC3.2(medres), ECHO-G, ECHAM5/MPI-OM, MRI-CGCM2.3.2, CCSM3, PCM, UKMO-HadCM3, UKMO-HadGEM1.

The supporting information document associated with this metadata includes parameters for an energy balance model (IMOGEN EBM) that calculates the amount of global warming. Each GCM output has been re-mapped on to UKMO-HadCM3 grid, with resolution of 3.75 deg longitude and 2.5 deg latitude; this produces a surface spatial resolution of about 417 km E-W x 278 km N-S, reducing to 295 km E-W x 278 km N-S at 45 degrees North and South. This corresponds to 1631 land points, each of which has a row in the provided data files.

The data presented here is calibration of IMOGEN EBM parameters and patterns against 22 GCMs in the CMIP3 GCM ensemble.  
description: The pattern-scaling set is derived from 22 global circulation models (GCM) of the he World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset. For each GCM emulated, regression is performed for each meteorological variable, each month and each grid box against global mean warming over land.

This calibration is a "beta" program. Although significant effort was placed on ensuring the EBM parameters and parameters are accurate, this exercise should be regarded as generating a "beta" product, and predominantly for sensitivity studies in research. Plans are now being put in place to revisit this activity, but with calibration against CMIP5 models. This newer attempt will ensure full numerical code documentation, traceability on demand and with scripts utilising open-access software. This will aim to meet ISO standards for numerical model building.
DOI: 10.5285/7e35e760-0ca2-4290-8970-464ead03055d
title: Water chemistry from the Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2018 to 2020

description: The dataset contains physical, chemical and biological measurements from the waters of 21 river sites across the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam. The data were collected monthly between February 2018 and January 2020.  The parameters include temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved nitrate, dissolved nitrite, dissolved ammonium, total nitrogen, dissolved phosphate, dissolved silicate, alkalinity, dissolved major ions (sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chloride, sulphate) and a range of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments from riverine seston.
description: The samples were collected and in situ measurements made by the team members of Do Thu Nga and Trinh Anh Duc at the Institute of Chemistry (ICH) in the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST). Water chemistry analyses and subsequent calculations were conducted at ICH-VAST. Pigment analyses were conducted at the University of Nottingham in the School of Geography and data calculations were conducted by researchers at the University of Nottingham. Data was collated by Jorge Salgado at the University of Nottingham. Suzanne McGowan and Jorge Salgado prepared the metadata.