DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qm5
title: Japanese drivers' acceptance investigation of the driver-vehicle interaction system

description: This descriptive study investigated respondents' acceptance of
 driver-vehicle interaction systems by modifying the technology acceptance
 model using user experience concepts. A questionnaire survey including 15
 variables was conducted to examine six constructs proposed in the modified
 technology acceptance model: perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment,
 satisfaction, attitude, interactive media, and user interface. 495 samples
 aged from 21 to 82 years old (48.7 ± 12.5 years) including 279 males and
 216 females were collected for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis
 demonstrated the reliability and validity of the model using several
 indices. Correlations between constructs were proven using path analysis
 (p &lt; 0.05). Then, the influences of drivers' gender and age on
 the constructs were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Male
 drivers had higher perceived usefulness and more positive attitudes than
 female drivers. However, their perceived enjoyment of the system was lower
 than that of females (p &lt; 0.01). Older age led drivers to prefer a
 negative attitude toward driver-vehicle interaction systems and dislike
 utilizing the user interface (p &lt; 0.01). Finally, four implications
 based on the analysis were proposed to guide the design of driver-vehicle
 interaction systems. This study clarified the feasibility of the modified
 technology acceptance model for investigating Japanese driver’s opinions
 on driver-vehicle interaction systems and provided insights for designing
 vehicle human-machine interfaces to improve driver acceptance.
description: We used a questionnaire survey method to collect
 respondents' opinions. A questionnaire with 15 variables was designed
 to present the proposed model, and a Likert scale (1-5) range from
 ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’ was adopted for all
 variables. The ethical committee of the University of
 Tsukuba approved this study. The approval number is 2021R551-1.
 Respondents with driving licenses and ages from 20 to 99 can complete the
 questionnaire.
description: # Japanese driver's acceptance of driver-vehicle interaction systems
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qm5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qm5) ## Description of the data and file structure We designed a questionnaire with 15 variables. A Likert scale (1-5) ranging from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’ was adopted to measure all variables. The variables reflect six constructs of a modified technology acceptance model (i.e., PU: perceived usefulness, PE: perceived enjoyment, ST: satisfaction, AT: attitude, IM: interactive media, and UI: user interface. In addition, we collected the respondents' gender and age. ### Files and variables #### File: data.csv **Description:**  ##### Variables * Age: Respondents' ages ranged from 21 to 82 years were recorded (Mean = 48.7, Standard deviation = 12.5). * Gender: coded for Male and female A Likert scale (1-5) ranging from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’ was adopted for measuring all of the following variables. * PU1: The variable's content is "I have sufficient knowledge to use various functions in the vehicle." * PU2:  The variable's content is "I can understand the marks presented by the interaction system accurately." * PU3: The variable's content is "I can understand the meaning of texts provided by the interaction system accurately." * PU4: The variable's content is "I can recognize the numbers provided by the interaction system immediately." * ST1: The variable's content is "I will not feel uncomfortable about the lights provided by the system when I drive at night." * ST2: The variable's content is "I am satisfied with the existing interaction systems." * AT1: The variable's content is "I would like to utilize different interaction functions in the system." * AT2: The variable's content is "I would like to renew its facilities, because I like to utilize the interaction system." * PE1: The variable's content is "The environment and atmosphere inside the vehicle are comfortable to me." * PE2: The variable's content is "I am enjoying with the interaction functions in the system." * IM1: The variable's content is "I think touchpad is useful for me to interact with the system." * IM2: The variable's content is "I think gesture is useful for me to interact with the system." * IM3: The variable's content is "I think voice is useful for me to interact with the system." * UI1: The variable's content is "I would like to use simple UI." * UI2: The variable's content is "I would like to use complex UI." * Age group: 20-29 = 1, 30-39 = 2, 40-49 = 3, 50-59 = 4, 60-69 = 5, 70-79 = 6, 80-89 = 7 ## Human subjects data This dataset was collected as part of a study approved by the ethical committee of the Institute of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba (Approval No. 2021R551-1). All participants provided informed consent, including consent to share their anonymized responses in the public domain for research purposes. To ensure de-identification, all personally identifiable information (i.e., educational background and precise geographic locations) was excluded from the dataset. The remaining variables—age, gender, and questionnaire variables on a 5-point Likert scale—do not allow the identification of individuals. Age is represented as a numerical value without any linking identifiers, and gender is included solely for analytical purposes.