DOI: 10.5061/dryad.27f8s90
title: Data from: Oscillayers: a dataset for the study of climatic oscillations over Plio-Pleistocene time scales at high spatial-temporal resolution

description: Motivation: In order to understand how species evolutionarily responded to
 Plio-Pleistocene climate oscillations (e.g. in terms of speciation,
 extinction, migration and adaptation), it is first important to have a
 good understanding of those past climate changes per se. This, however, is
 currently limited due to the lack of global-scale climatic datasets with
 high temporal resolution spanning the Plio-Pleistocene. To fill this gap,
 I here present Oscillayers, a global-scale and region-specific bioclim
 dataset, facilitating the study of climatic oscillations during the last
 5.4 million years at high spatial (2.5 arc-minutes) and temporal (10 kyr
 time periods) resolution. This data set builds upon interpolated anomalies
 (Δ layers) between bioclim layers of the present and the Last Glacial
 Maximum (LGM) that are scaled relative to the Plio-Pleistocene global mean
 temperature curve, derived from benthic stable oxygen isotope ratios, to
 generate bioclim variables for 539 time periods. Evaluation of the scaled,
 interpolated estimates of palaeo-climates generated for the Holocene, Last
 Interglacial and Pliocene showed good agreement with independent General
 Circulation Models (GCMs) for respective time periods in terms of pattern
 correlation and absolute differences. Oscillayers thus provides a new tool
 for studying spatial-temporal patterns of evolutionary and ecological
 processes at high temporal and spatial resolution. Main types of variable
 contained: 19 bioclim variables for time periods throughout the
 Plio-Pleistocene. Input data and R script to recreate all 19 bioclim
 variables. Spatial location and grain: Global at 2.5 arc-minutes (4.65 x
 4.65 = 21.62 km2 at the equator). Time period and grain: The last 5.4
 million years. The grain is 10 kyr (= 539 time periods). Level of
 measurement: Data are for terrestrial climates (excluding Antarctica)
 taking sea level changes into account. Software format: All data are
 available as ASCII (ESRI) grid files.
description: Bio1_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio1) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio1_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio1) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio2_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio2) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio2_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio2) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio3_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio3) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio3_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio3) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio4_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio4) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio4_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio4) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio5_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio5) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio5_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio5) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio6_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio6) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio6_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio6) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio7_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio7) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio7_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio7) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio8_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio8) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio8_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio8) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio9_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio9) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio9_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio9) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio10_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio10) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio10_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio10) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio11_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio11) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio11_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio11) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio12_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio12) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio12_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio12) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio13_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio13) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio13_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio13) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio14_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio14) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio14_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio14) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio15_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio15) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio15_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio15) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio16_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio16) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio16_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio16) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio17_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio17) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio17_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio17) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio18_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio18) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio18_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio18) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrBio19_PleistoceneOscillayers (Bio19) for time periods 20 kyr to 2.570 MyrBio19_PlioceneOscillayers (Bio19) for time periods 2.580 Myr to 5.40 MyrINPUTAll files & R scripts to recreate the Oscillayers.READMEGeneral Information including a step-by-step guide on how to tailor the Oscillayers to specific needs (i.e. custom study regions).