DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-6689-18
title: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 1997-2021: Secure Access
title: ASHE; New Earnings Survey; NES

description: The &lt;i&gt;Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings&lt;/i&gt; (ASHE) is one of the largest surveys of the earnings of individuals in the UK. Data on the wages, paid hours of work, and pensions arrangements of nearly one per cent of the working population are collected. Other variables relating to age, occupation and industrial classification are also available. The ASHE sample is drawn from National Insurance records for working individuals, and the survey forms are sent to their respective employers to complete.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; While limited in terms of personal characteristics compared to surveys such as the &lt;i&gt;Labour Force Survey&lt;/i&gt;, the ASHE is useful not only because of its larger sample size, but also the responses regarding wages and hours are considered to be more accurate, since the responses are provided by employers rather than from employees themselves. A further advantage of the ASHE is that data for the same individuals are collected year after year. It is therefore possible to construct a panel dataset of responses for each individual running back as far as 1997, and to track how occupations, earnings and working hours change for individuals over time. Furthermore, using the unique business identifiers, it is possible to combine ASHE data with data from other business surveys, such as the &lt;i&gt;Annual Business Survey&lt;/i&gt; (UK Data Archive SN 7451).&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; The ASHE replaced the &lt;i&gt;New Earnings Survey&lt;/i&gt; (NES, SN 6704) in 2004. NES was developed in the 1970s in response to the policy needs of the time. The survey had changed very little in its thirty-year history. ASHE datasets for the years 1997-2003 were derived using ASHE methodologies applied to NES data.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; The ASHE improves on the NES in the following ways:&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;the NES questionnaire allowed too much variation in employer responses, leading to wide variations in the data&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;weightings have been introduced to take account of the population size (significant biases were a known problem in NES data)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the significant numbers of employees who change jobs between the sample selection and survey reference dates are retained in the ASHE sample, whereas these were dropped from the NES&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;i&gt;Linking to other business studies&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt; These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;i&gt;Observations from Northern Ireland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt; The ASHE data held by the UK Data Archive include very few observations from Northern Ireland. Users requiring access to Northern Ireland data are advised to contact the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, who administer this aspect of the survey.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;i&gt;Local unit reference variable, luref&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt; The local unit reference variable 'luref', is generated to indicate multiple occurrences of the same local unit for disclosure checking purposes. It is inconsistent across years and is not an IDBR reference number. It should not be used to link ASHE with other business datasets.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the nineteenth edition (December 2021), a 2021 annual data file has been added, along with two additional panel data files. The first covers the time period 1997-2011 and contains SOC 2000 variables and the second covers 2011-2021 and includes SOC 2010 variables, as well as additional variables BIK (Benefits in kind) and ALDAY (Annual leave days). The documentation has also been updated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Please also note an error has been identified with the weight variable 'LPCALWGHTF' on the annual 2021 data file (ashe_2021_restricted) making the variable unusable. An updated data file is expected shortly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;