DOI: 10.5061/dryad.brv15dv5z
title: Depot-specific analysis of human adipose cells and their responses to Bisphenol S

description: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with
 adverse health outcomes including obesity and diabetes.  Obesity,
 and more specifically visceral obesity, is correlated with metabolic
 disease.  The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and a
 potential target for many environmental pollutants including
 bisphenols.  The subcutaneous and the omental (visceral) depots
 are comprised of mature adipocytes and residing progenitors, which may be
 different between the depots and may be EDCs targets.  Bisphenol
 A (BPA) is a suspected metabolic disruptor, and is being replaced with
 structurally similar compounds such as bisphenol S (BPS).  Like
 BPA, BPS induces adipogenesis in murine and primary human subcutaneous
 preadipocytes.  However, the effect of BPS on omental
 preadipocytes is not known.  In this study, we show that human
 primary progenitors from omental depots have a distinct transcriptomic
 signature as compared to progenitors derived from donor-matched
 subcutaneous depots.  Furthermore, we show that BPS increases
 adipogenesis of both omental and subcutaneous preadipocytes and can mimic
 the action of glucocorticoids or peroxisome proliferator-activated
 receptor g (PPARg) agonists.  We also show that BPS treatment, at
 0.1 µM and 25 µM, modifies the adipokine profiles of both omental and
 subcutaneous derived adipocytes, in a depot specific manner. 
 Taken together our data show distinct gene expression profiles in the
 omental versus subcutaneous progenitors and similar responses to the BPA
 analogue, BPS.
description: Dataset content overview: <b>Table S1.
 </b>Primer sequences used for real-time qPCR analysis.
 <b>Table S2. </b>Human donor information used for
 RNA-seq analysis.  <b>Table S3</b>.
 Activated upstream regulators identified by IPA. RNA was collected from 4
 donor matched subcutaneous (Sc) and omental (Om) preadipocytes and used
 for RNA-seq analysis. Genes in Om preadipocytes with significant fold
 change of ≥ + 1.5 or ≤ −1.5 compared to Sc were uploaded in to IPA for
 analysis using the adipose tissue as the target organ. The upstream
 regulators were sorted by predicted activation z-score and the activated
 upstream regulators are shown.  <b>Table S4.
 </b>Inhibited upstream regulators identified by IPA<b>.
 </b>RNA was collected from 4 donor matched subcutaneous (Sc) and
 omental (Om) preadipocytes and used for RNA-seq analysis. Genes in Om
 preadipocytes with significant fold change of ≥ + 1.5 or ≤ −1.5 compared
 to Sc were uploaded in to IPA for analysis using the adipose tissue as the
 target organ. The upstream regulators were sorted by predicted activation
 z-score and the inhibited upstream regulators are shown. 
 <b>Figure S2. </b>Human primary subcutaneous (Sc) and
 omental (Om) preadipocytes were induced to differentiate in the presence
 of 500μM IBMX, 100nM insulin, and 200 nM rosiglitazone and supplemented
 with either solvent control (EtOH) or 25 μM BPS. At day 12 of
 differentiation, total RNA was isolated and the expression levels of the
 indicated adipogenic markers were quantified by real-time qPCR. Levels
 were normalized to endogenous <i>ACTB </i>and expressed as
 fold over solvent control. Results from four separate experiments are
 graphically represented as mean±S.E.M. *p&lt;0.05 and
 ***p&lt;0.001 compared to solvent control as assessed by student’s
 <i>t </i>test.