cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241526
title: Erratum: The Neurology of Aretaeus: Radix Pedis Neurologia

description: Aretaeus (Aretaios) was a physician born in Cappadocia in about the 2nd century AD, a student of medicine and physician in Alexandria. His works are found in eight books which espoused the physiological and pathological views of the Hippocratic principles derived from the pneumatists and the eclectic schools. Though he has been called the forgotten physician, it has been said that: ‘after Hippocrates no single Greek author has equalled Aretaios'. In order to give an indication of his neurological legacy, this paper offers a summary of and quotations from his principal neurological contributions: migraine, vertigo, tetanus, epilepsy, melancholia, strokes and paralysis. One of his most important discoveries was the notion that the pyramidal tract decussates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241529
title: Erratum: Revisiting the Dioecy-Polyploidy Association: Alternate Pathways and Research Opportunities

description: The evolutionary transition from hermaphroditism (combined sexes) to dioecy (separate sexes) is associated with whole genome duplication (polyploidy) in several flowering plant genera. Moreover, there is evidence for transitions in the opposite direction, i.e. a loss of dioecy with an increase in ploidy. Here, we review evidence for these associations, synthesize previous ideas on the mechanism underlying the patterns and explore alternative pathways. Specifically, we examine potential ecological and genetic mechanisms, differentiated by whether ploidy or gender (functional sex expression of the plant) changes are the primary cause and whether the effect is direct or indirect. An analysis of 22 genera variable for both ploidy and gender indicates that gender monomorphism (hermaphroditism, monoecy) is more common among diploid than polyploid species, whereas gender dimorphism (dioecy, gynodioecy, subdioecy) is more frequent among polyploid species. The transition from diploid hermaphroditic to polyploid gender-dimorphic taxa may arise directly through changes in gender as a result of genome duplication through genomic rearrangements or homeologous recombination, or changes in gender may result in increased unreduced gamete production leading to polyploid formation. Alternatively, the transition may occur through the indirect effects of genome duplication on mating system and inbreeding depression, which favor selection for unisexuality, or habitat shifts associated with unisexuality may simultaneously cause increased unreduced gamete production. Novel mechanisms for transitions in the opposite direction (from dioecy to hermaphroditism with increase in ploidy) include disruption of genetic sex determination and the benefits of reproductive assurance. We highlight key questions requiring further attention and promising approaches for answering them and better clarifying the genesis of sexual system polyploidy associations. See also the sister article focusing on animals by Wertheim et al. in this themed issue.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241532
title: Erratum: Validation of the Chinese Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised for Screening Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> As a suitable test to screen for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), studies to validate the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) are rare. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 151 subjects were recruited and the neuropsychological assessments were employed. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction were used to compare scores of different psychometric scales. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's coefficient α were used to evaluate the reliability of psychometric scales. The validity of ACE-R to screen for mild AD and amnestic subtype of MCI (a-MCI) was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The Chinese ACE-R had good reliability (inter-rater ICC = 0.994; test-retest ICC = 0.967) as well as reliable internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient α = 0.859). With its cutoff of 67/68, the sensitivity (0.920) and specificity (0.857) were lower than for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) cutoff (sensitivity 1.000 and specificity 0.937) to screen for mild AD. However, the sensitivity of ACE-R to screen for a-MCI was superior to the MMSE with a cutoff of 85/86. The specificity of ACE-R was lower than that of the MMSE to screen for a-MCI. The area under the ROC curve of ACE-R was much larger than that of the MMSE (0.836 and 0.751) for detecting a-MCI rather than mild AD. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The Chinese ACE-R is a reliable assessment tool for cognitive impairment. It is more sensitive and accurate in screening for a-MCI rather than for AD compared to the MMSE.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241538
title: Erratum: Functional Analysis of Seven Genes Linked to Body Mass Index and Adiposity by Genome-Wide Association Studies: A Review

description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a total of about 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that show significant linkage to body mass index, a widely utilised surrogate measure of adiposity. However, only 8 of these associations have been confirmed by follow-up GWAS using more sophisticated measures of adiposity (computed tomography). Among these 8, there is a SNP close to the gene <i>FTO</i> which has been the subject of considerable work to diagnose its function. The remaining 7 SNPs are adjacent to, or within, the genes <i>NEGR1, TMEM18, ETV5, FLJ35779, LINGO2, SH2B1</i> and <i>GIPR</i>, most of which are less well studied than <i>FTO,</i> particularly in the context of obesity. This article reviews the available data on the functions of these genes, including information gleaned from studies in humans and animal models. At present, we have virtually no information on the putative mechanism associating the genes <i>FLJ35779</i> and <i>LINGO2</i> to obesity. All of these genes are expressed in the brain, and for 2 of them <i>(SH2B1</i> and <i>GIPR)</i>, a direct link to the appetite regulation system is known.<i> SH2B1</i> is an enhancer of intracellular signalling in the JAK-STAT pathway, and <i>GIPR </i>is the receptor for an appetite-linked hormone (GIP) produced by the alimentary tract. <i>NEGR1, ETV5</i> and <i>SH2B1</i> all have suggested roles in neurite outgrowth, and hence SNPs adjacent to these genes may affect development of the energy balance circuitry. Although the genes have central patterns of gene expression, implying a central neuronal connection to energy balance, for at least 4 of them <i>(NEGR1, TMEM18, SH2B1</i> and <i>GIPR)</i>, there are also significant peripheral functions related to adipose tissue biology. These functions may contribute to their effects on the obese phenotype.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241523
title: Erratum: Renal Impairment and Clinical Outcomes of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection in Two Randomized Trials

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased risk for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) and for subsequent mortality. We determined the effect of CKD on response to treatment for CDI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a post hoc analysis of two randomized controlled phase 3 trials that enrolled patients with CDI. Patients received either fidaxomicin 200 mg b.i.d. or vancomycin 125 mg q.i.d. for 10 days. Univariate and multivariate analyses compared end points by treatment received and CKD stage. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At baseline, 27, 21, and 9% of the patients had stage 2 (60-89 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), stage 3 (30-59), and stage 4 or higher (&lt;30) CKD. Cure rates were similar for normal (91%) and stage 2 CKD (92%), but declined to 80% for stage 3 and to 75% for stage 4 CKD (p &lt; 0.001 for trend). Time to resolution of diarrhea (TTROD) increased with stage 3 and stage 4 CKD. CDI recurrence rates 4 weeks after treatment were 16, 20, 27, and 24% for normal, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4 or higher CKD, respectively. Mortality increased with CKD stage. In multivariate analyses, stage 3 or higher CKD correlated with lower odds of cure, greater chance of recurrence, and lower odds of sustained response 28 days after treatment. Initial cure rates were similar in the vancomycin or fidaxomicin groups; however, the rate of recurrence was higher following vancomycin treatment independent of renal function. The presence of immunosuppression did not alter this effect. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Progressive CKD is associated with increased TTROD, lower cure rates, and higher recurrence rates with treatment of CDI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241523.v1
title: Erratum: Renal Impairment and Clinical Outcomes of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection in Two Randomized Trials

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased risk for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) and for subsequent mortality. We determined the effect of CKD on response to treatment for CDI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a post hoc analysis of two randomized controlled phase 3 trials that enrolled patients with CDI. Patients received either fidaxomicin 200 mg b.i.d. or vancomycin 125 mg q.i.d. for 10 days. Univariate and multivariate analyses compared end points by treatment received and CKD stage. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At baseline, 27, 21, and 9% of the patients had stage 2 (60-89 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), stage 3 (30-59), and stage 4 or higher (&lt;30) CKD. Cure rates were similar for normal (91%) and stage 2 CKD (92%), but declined to 80% for stage 3 and to 75% for stage 4 CKD (p &lt; 0.001 for trend). Time to resolution of diarrhea (TTROD) increased with stage 3 and stage 4 CKD. CDI recurrence rates 4 weeks after treatment were 16, 20, 27, and 24% for normal, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4 or higher CKD, respectively. Mortality increased with CKD stage. In multivariate analyses, stage 3 or higher CKD correlated with lower odds of cure, greater chance of recurrence, and lower odds of sustained response 28 days after treatment. Initial cure rates were similar in the vancomycin or fidaxomicin groups; however, the rate of recurrence was higher following vancomycin treatment independent of renal function. The presence of immunosuppression did not alter this effect. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Progressive CKD is associated with increased TTROD, lower cure rates, and higher recurrence rates with treatment of CDI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241526.v1
title: Erratum: The Neurology of Aretaeus: Radix Pedis Neurologia

description: Aretaeus (Aretaios) was a physician born in Cappadocia in about the 2nd century AD, a student of medicine and physician in Alexandria. His works are found in eight books which espoused the physiological and pathological views of the Hippocratic principles derived from the pneumatists and the eclectic schools. Though he has been called the forgotten physician, it has been said that: ‘after Hippocrates no single Greek author has equalled Aretaios'. In order to give an indication of his neurological legacy, this paper offers a summary of and quotations from his principal neurological contributions: migraine, vertigo, tetanus, epilepsy, melancholia, strokes and paralysis. One of his most important discoveries was the notion that the pyramidal tract decussates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241529.v1
title: Erratum: Revisiting the Dioecy-Polyploidy Association: Alternate Pathways and Research Opportunities

description: The evolutionary transition from hermaphroditism (combined sexes) to dioecy (separate sexes) is associated with whole genome duplication (polyploidy) in several flowering plant genera. Moreover, there is evidence for transitions in the opposite direction, i.e. a loss of dioecy with an increase in ploidy. Here, we review evidence for these associations, synthesize previous ideas on the mechanism underlying the patterns and explore alternative pathways. Specifically, we examine potential ecological and genetic mechanisms, differentiated by whether ploidy or gender (functional sex expression of the plant) changes are the primary cause and whether the effect is direct or indirect. An analysis of 22 genera variable for both ploidy and gender indicates that gender monomorphism (hermaphroditism, monoecy) is more common among diploid than polyploid species, whereas gender dimorphism (dioecy, gynodioecy, subdioecy) is more frequent among polyploid species. The transition from diploid hermaphroditic to polyploid gender-dimorphic taxa may arise directly through changes in gender as a result of genome duplication through genomic rearrangements or homeologous recombination, or changes in gender may result in increased unreduced gamete production leading to polyploid formation. Alternatively, the transition may occur through the indirect effects of genome duplication on mating system and inbreeding depression, which favor selection for unisexuality, or habitat shifts associated with unisexuality may simultaneously cause increased unreduced gamete production. Novel mechanisms for transitions in the opposite direction (from dioecy to hermaphroditism with increase in ploidy) include disruption of genetic sex determination and the benefits of reproductive assurance. We highlight key questions requiring further attention and promising approaches for answering them and better clarifying the genesis of sexual system polyploidy associations. See also the sister article focusing on animals by Wertheim et al. in this themed issue.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241532.v1
title: Erratum: Validation of the Chinese Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised for Screening Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> As a suitable test to screen for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), studies to validate the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) are rare. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 151 subjects were recruited and the neuropsychological assessments were employed. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction were used to compare scores of different psychometric scales. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's coefficient α were used to evaluate the reliability of psychometric scales. The validity of ACE-R to screen for mild AD and amnestic subtype of MCI (a-MCI) was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The Chinese ACE-R had good reliability (inter-rater ICC = 0.994; test-retest ICC = 0.967) as well as reliable internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient α = 0.859). With its cutoff of 67/68, the sensitivity (0.920) and specificity (0.857) were lower than for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) cutoff (sensitivity 1.000 and specificity 0.937) to screen for mild AD. However, the sensitivity of ACE-R to screen for a-MCI was superior to the MMSE with a cutoff of 85/86. The specificity of ACE-R was lower than that of the MMSE to screen for a-MCI. The area under the ROC curve of ACE-R was much larger than that of the MMSE (0.836 and 0.751) for detecting a-MCI rather than mild AD. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The Chinese ACE-R is a reliable assessment tool for cognitive impairment. It is more sensitive and accurate in screening for a-MCI rather than for AD compared to the MMSE.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241511
title: Erratum: Potential Benefits of Ticagrelor beyond Platelet Inhibition

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241517
title: Erratum: Subendocardial Viability Ratio Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), calculated by pulse wave analysis, is an index of myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Here we analyze the relation between SEVR and cardiovascular mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population of a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, nonblinded study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We studied 212 consecutive asymptomatic outpatients receiving care at 12 nephrology clinics in south Italy. Inclusion criteria were age &gt;18 years, 6 months of follow-up before the enrollment and stage 3-4 CKD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During follow-up, 34 subjects died, 29 of them for cardiovascular causes. SEVR correlated inversely with vascular calcifications (r = -0.37) and myocardial mass (r = -0.45); SEVR changed from 1.33 ± 0.24 to 1.36 ± 0.16 (p = NS; baseline and final values, respectively) in living patients, and from 1.16 ± 0.31 to 0.68 ± 0.26 in deceased patients (p &lt; 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves show that that a greater reduction of SEVR values during the study (third tertile) significantly predicts cardiovascular mortality (p &lt; 0.0001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This post hoc analysis shows that a reduction of SEVR values impacts cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241508
title: Erratum: Stem Cell Treatment for Chronic Lung Diseases

description: Chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a considerable human, societal and financial burden. In view of the current disappointing status of available pharmaceutical agents, there is an urgent need for alternative more effective therapeutic approaches that will not only help to relieve patient symptoms but will also affect the natural course of the respective disease. Regenerative medicine represents a promising option with several fruitful therapeutic applications in patients suffering from chronic lung diseases. Nevertheless, despite relative enthusiasm arising from experimental data, application of stem cell therapy in the clinical setting has been severely hampered by several safety concerns arising from the major lack of knowledge on the fate of exogenously administered stem cells within chronically injured lung as well as the mechanisms regulating the activation of resident progenitor cells. On the other hand, salient data arising from few ‘brave' pilot investigations of the safety of stem cell treatment in chronic lung diseases seem promising. The main scope of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the application status of stem cell treatment in chronic lung diseases, address important safety and efficacy issues and present future challenges and perspectives. In this review, we argue in favor of large multicenter clinical trials setting realistic goals to assess treatment efficacy. We propose the use of biomarkers that reflect clinically inconspicuous alterations of the disease molecular phenotype before rigid conclusions can be safely drawn.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241511.v1
title: Erratum: Potential Benefits of Ticagrelor beyond Platelet Inhibition

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241514
title: Erratum: Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation from Human Leukocyte Antigen-Matched Sibling Donors and Unrelated Donors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

description: There have been rare comparative studies of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from matched sibling donors (MSDs) and unrelated donors (URDs) with regard to peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). We performed a retrospective study of 104 consecutive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who had received an allogeneic PBSCT from an MSD or a URD in order to compare transplant outcomes and posttransplant complications between the 2 groups of patients. The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) at 100 days (22.6% with MSD vs. 35.3% with URD; p = 0.107) and that of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) at 2 years (72.9% with MSD vs. 56.1% with URD; p = 0.153) was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis also indicated that a URD was not an independent predictor of grade 2-4 aGVHD or cGVHD. No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of relapse incidence (p = 0.371), nonrelapse mortality (p = 0.473), disease-free survival (p = 0.925) or overall survival (p = 0.534) at 2 years. URDs are comparable with MSDs as a donor type for PBSCT in AML patients if risk-stratified GVHD prophylaxis is adopted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241520
title: Erratum: Do High Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cell Membranes Increase the Risk of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation?

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) has been associated with an inflammatory response to the surgical procedure. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) have been proposed for the prevention of POAF. We investigated the relationship between the plasma concentration of inflammatory mediators, levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in red blood cell (RBC) membrane lipids, and the risk of POAF after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 125 patients who underwent CABG were studied. Inflammatory mediators in plasma and the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in RBC membranes were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty-two patients (49.6%) developed POAF. The POAF group had higher RBC levels of total n-3 LC-PUFA and DHA than did patients remaining in sinus rhythm (p &lt; 0.05). Of the inflammatory mediators, only postoperative interleukin-6 levels differed, being higher in the POAF group (p &lt; 0.05). Inflammatory mediators were not independent predictors of POAF by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Higher levels of DHA and total n-3 LC-PUFA in RBC membranes, measured immediately prior to CABG and on postoperative day 3, were linearly associated with an increased risk of POAF (p &lt; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings suggest that inflammatory mediators are not associated with the occurrence of POAF. Interestingly, high n-3 LC-PUFA levels in RBC membranes appear to increase the risk of POAF.
DOI: 10.5519/qd.ttjcuknn
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (1 records)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5241505
title: Erratum: Tear Film Osmolarity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To compare tear film osmolarity (TFO) between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and normal healthy individuals. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this prospective case-controlled study, the TFO in 46 normal subjects (control group) and 55 patients with DM (study group) was evaluated. TFO in milliosmole (mOsm) was measured by using an auto-osmometer. The serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1</sub>c) and blood glucose in all participants were also measured. Mean outcome measures were TFO and its relationship with HbA1c level and duration of DM. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean TFO was 320.40 ± 21.80 mOsm/l in the study group and 308.22 ± 18.16 mOsm/l in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The TFO values were significantly associated with duration of DM (r = 0.476, p &lt; 0.001), but no significant correlation was found with HbA<sub>1</sub>c level (r = 0.225, p = 0.114). <b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>The study shows a significantly higher TFO in patients with DM than in the healthy controls. TFO also correlates with the duration of DM.