cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.428mq
title: Data from: Sex-specific responses of phenotypic diversity to environmental variation

description: Identifying the factors generating ecomorphological diversity within
 species can provide a window into the nascent stages of ecological
 radiation. Sexual dimorphism is an obvious axis of intraspecific
 morphological diversity that could affect how environmental variation
 leads to ecological divergence among populations. In this paper we test
 for sex-specific responses in how environmental variation generates
 phenotypic diversity within species, using the generalist lizard Gallotia
 galloti on Tenerife (Canary Islands). We evaluate two hypotheses: the
 first proposes that different environments have different phenotypic
 optima, leading to shifts in the positions of populations in morphospace
 between environments; the second posits that the strength of
 trait-filtering differs between environments, predicting changes in the
 volume of morphospace occupied by populations in different environments.
 We found that intraspecific morphological diversity, provided it is
 adaptive, arises from both shifts in populations’ position in morphospace
 and differences in the strength of environmental filtering among
 environments, especially at high elevations. However, effects were found
 only in males; morphological diversity of females responded little to
 environmental variation. These results within G. galloti suggest natural
 selection is not the sole source of phenotypic diversity across
 environments, but rather that variation in the strength of, or response
 to, sexual selection may play an important role in generating
 morphological diversity in environmentally diverse settings. More
 generally, disparities in trait–environment relationships among males and
 females also suggest that ignoring sex differences in studies of trait
 dispersion and clustering may produce misleading inferences.
description: Morphology of Gallotia
 galloti, sampling locations and environmental zones on
 TenerifeThese data include the
 sampling locations, environmental zones (delineation described in Algar
 & Lopez-Darias doi: 10.1111/ecog.01696), and morphology of Gallotia
 galloti from across Tenerife. All measurements are in mm. Head
 measurements are described in the supplementary material to Algar &
 Lopez-Darias doi: 10.1111/ecog.01696)Algar_Lopez_2015_Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6tj39
title: Data from: Mycorrhizal diversity, seed germination and long-term changes in population size across nine populations of the terrestrial orchid Neottia ovata

description: In plant species that rely on mycorrhizal symbioses for germination and
 seedling establishment, seedling recruitment and temporal changes in
 abundance can be expected to depend on fungal community composition and
 local environmental conditions. However, disentangling the precise factors
 that determine recruitment success in species that critically rely on
 mycorrhizal fungi represents a major challenge. In this study, we used
 seed germination experiments, 454 amplicon pyrosequencing and assessment
 of soil conditions to investigate the factors driving changes in local
 abundance in 28 populations of the orchid Neottia ovata. Comparison of
 population sizes measured in 2003 and 2013 showed that nearly 60% of the
 studied populations had declined in size (average growth rate across all
 populations: −0.01). Investigation of the mycorrhizal fungi in both the
 roots and soil revealed a total of 68 species of putatively mycorrhizal
 fungi, 21 of which occurred exclusively in roots, 25 that occurred solely
 in soil and 22 that were observed in both the soil and roots. Seed
 germination was limited and significantly and positively related to soil
 moisture content and soil pH, but not to fungal community composition.
 Large populations or populations with high population growth rates showed
 significantly higher germination than small populations or populations
 declining in size, but no significant relationships were found between
 population size or growth and mycorrhizal diversity. Overall, these
 results indicate that temporal changes in abundance were related to the
 ability of seeds to germinate, but at the same time they provided limited
 evidence that variation in fungal communities played an important role in
 determining population dynamics.
description: Population
 dataOverview of all sampled
 populations with coordinates, population sizes in 2003 and 2013 and their
 growth rate.Germination
 dataOverview of seed
 germination in nine populations of Neottia ovata. Soil data are included
 as well.Sebacinales
 alignmentSebacinales alignment
 used to construct the phylogenetic tree displayed in Fig.
 S2SebacinaDEF.nexPhylogenetic tree of Sebacinales fungi recovered in this studyHighest likelihood tree obtained with the Maximum Likelihood analyses of the Sebacinales dataset.RAxML_bipartitions.SebacinaBStree.tre
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.104d5g03
title: Data from: Genotypic diversity and spatial-temporal distribution of Symbiodinium clones in an abundant reef coral

description: Genetic data are rapidly advancing our understanding of various biological
 systems including the ecology and evolution of coral-algal symbioses. The
 fine-scale interactions between individual genotypes of host and symbiont
 remain largely unstudied and constitute a major gap in knowledge. By
 applying microsatellite markers developed for both host and symbiont, we
 investigated the intra-colony diversity, prevalence and stability of
 Symbiodinium glynni (type D1) multilocus genotypes in association with
 dense populations of Pocillopora at two sites in the Gulf of California.
 The genetic diversity and allelic frequencies in reef populations of S.
 glynni remained stable over three years. Common clone genotypes persisted
 over this period and no temporal population subdivision (ΦPT = 0.021
 & -0.003) was detected. Collections from circular plots showed no
 statistical correlation between related Pocillopora individuals and their
 associations with particular S. glynni genotypes, with no spatial
 structuring or clonal aggregation across a reef for the symbiont. From
 permanent linear transects, samples were analyzed from multiple locations
 within a colony and some were re-sampled ~one year later. Many of these
 multi-sampled colonies (~ 53%) were dominated by a single S. glynni
 genotype and tended to associate with the same symbiont genotype(s) over
 time, while colony ramets often possessed unrelated symbiont genotypes.
 While specificity is high between host and symbiont species, associations
 between genotypes of Pocillopora and S. glynni are apparently more
 flexible over space and time. The abundance of sexually recombinant
 genotypes of S. glynni represents extensive genetic variation upon which
 natural selection may act; this combined with greater interchangeability
 among host and symbiont genotypes might provide adaptive mechanisms for
 these symbioses to evolve rapidly to changes in environmental conditions,
 and allow particular symbiont genotypes to spread through a host
 population.
description: Transects &
 PlotsMicrosatellite data for
 2006 transects and 2009 polar plots in the Gulf of
 California.Trans &
 Plots.txtWithin
 ColonyMicrsatellite data for
 Pocillopora colonies sampled multiple times in 2006, 2007, 2008 &
 2009.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k9f51
title: Data from: Improved demethylation in ecological epigenetic experiments: testing a simple and harmless foliar demethylation application

description: 1. Experimental demethylation of plant DNA enables testing for epigenetic
 effects in a simple and straightforward way without the use of expensive
 and laborious DNA sequencing. Plants are commonly demethylated during
 their germination with the application of agents such as 5-azacytidine
 (5-azaC). However, this approach can cause unwanted effects such as
 underdeveloped root systems and high mortality of treated plants,
 hindering a full comparison with untreated plants, and can be applied only
 on plant reproducing by seeds. Here we test a simple alternative method of
 plant demethylation, designed to overcome the shortcomings of the
 germinating method. 2. We compared a novel method of demethylating plants,
 based on periodical spraying of 5-azaC aqueous solution on established
 seedlings, with the previous method in which seeds were germinated
 directly in 5-azaC solution. We quantified the amount of methylated DNA
 and measured various aspects of plant performance. Also, we demonstrated
 its applicability in ecological epigenetic experiments, by testing
 transgenerational effects of plant-plant competition. 3. We found that the
 spray application had similar DNA-demethylating efficiency than the
 germination method, particularly in the earlier phases of plant
 development, but without unwanted effects. The spray application method
 did not reduce plant growth and performance compared to untreated plants,
 as opposed to the traditional method which showed reduced growth. Also,
 the spray application method equalized the epigenetically-modified plant
 features of seedlings coming from plants grown under competition and
 plants growing without competition, demonstrating its application in
 ecological epigenetic experiments. 4. We conclude that regular spraying of
 5-azaC solution onto established seedlings surpassed the
 germination-in-solution method in terms of vigor and fitness of treated
 plants. This novel method could thus be better suited for experimental
 studies seeking valuable insights into ecological epigenetics.
 Furthermore, the spray method can be suitable for clonal species
 reproducing asexually, and, most importantly, it opens the possibility of
 community-level experimental demethylation of plants.
description: Data_Puy_et_al_2017Data used for the comparative analysis of two methylation experiments. DNA methylation levels and other phenotypic measurements.Puy_et_al_2017.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4ff04
title: Data from: A comparative analysis reveals little evidence for niche conservatism in aquatic macrophytes among four areas on two continents

description: One of the most intriguing questions in current ecology is the extent to
 which the ecological niches of species are conserved in space and time.
 Niche conservatism has mostly been studied using coarse-scale data of
 species' distributions, although it is at the local habitat scales
 where species' responses to ecological variables primarily take
 place. We investigated the extent to which niches of aquatic macrophytes
 are conserved among four study regions (i.e. Finland, Sweden and the US
 states of Minnesota and Wisconsin) on two continents (i.e. Europe and
 North America) using data for 11 species common to all the four study
 areas. We studied how ecological variables (i.e. local, climate and
 spatial variables) explain variation in the distributions of these common
 species in the four areas using species distribution modelling. In
 addition, we examined whether species' niche parameters vary among
 the study regions. Our results revealed large variation in both
 species' responses to the studied ecological variables and in
 species' niche parameters among the areas. We found little evidence
 for niche conservatism in aquatic macrophytes, though local environmental
 conditions among the studied areas were largely similar. This suggests
 that niche shifts, rather than different environmental conditions, were
 responsible for variable responses of aquatic macrophytes to local
 ecological variables. Local habitat niches of aquatic macrophytes are
 mainly driven by variations in local environmental conditions, whereas
 their climate niches are more or less conserved among regions. This
 highlights the need to study niche conservatism using local-scale data to
 better understand whether species' niches are conserved, because
 different niches (e.g. local versus climate) operating at various scales
 may show different degrees of conservatism. The extent to which
 species' niches are truly conserved has wide practical implications,
 including for instance, predicting changes in species' distributions
 in response to global change.
description: StudyDataDryasThe data contains species names and used explanatory variables in the study published in Oikos. For further information, please contact Janne Alahuhta.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9n44q
title: Data from: Being in a “green” building elicits “greener” recycling, but not necessarily “better” recycling

description: Previous observational work revealed that transient populations in a
 sustainable building disposed of waste more accurately when compared to
 patrons in a non-sustainable building. The current study uses an
 experimental design to replicate this observed effect and to investigate
 whether or not the built environment influences motivational factors to
 impact behavior. We find support that a building designed and built to
 communicate an atmosphere of sustainability can influence waste disposal
 behavior. Participants in the sustainable building used the garbage
 receptacle significantly less and compensated by tending to select the
 containers and organics receptacle more, which actually resulted in more
 errors overall. Our findings suggest that building atmospherics can
 motivate people to recycle more. However, atmospherics alone do not appear
 to be sufficient to elicit the desired performance outcome.
description: PLoS One Spreadsheet
 DataTab 1 displays the bin
 contents (where each item from each participant ended up). This data was
 used for the "Accuracy" and "Bin Contents" analyses.
 Tab 2 displays the coding results of the two coders from the current
 experiment. This data was used for the "Receptacles used" and
 "Time spent at receptacles" analyses. Tab 3 displays the coding
 results of the two coders from the observational data in Wu et al. (2013).
 This data was used for the "Time spent at receptacles"
 analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dp062
title: Data from: Feeding the enemy: loss of nectar and nectaries to herbivores reduces tepal damage and increases pollinator attraction in Iris bulleyana

description: Floral nectar usually functions as a pollinator reward, yet it may also
 attract herbivores. However, the effects of herbivore consumption of
 nectar or nectaries on pollination have rarely been tested. We
 investigated Iris bulleyana, an alpine plant that has showy tepals and
 abundant nectar, in the Hengduan Mountains of SW China. In this region,
 flowers are visited mainly by pollen-collecting pollinators and
 nectarivorous herbivores. We tested the hypothesis that, in I. bulleyana,
 sacrificing nectar and nectaries to herbivores protects tepals and thus
 enhances pollinator attraction. We compared rates of pollination and
 herbivory on different floral tissues in plants with flowers protected
 from nectar and nectary consumption with rates in unprotected control
 plants. We found that nectar and nectaries suffered more herbivore damage
 than did tepals in natural conditions. However, the amount of tepal damage
 was significantly greater in the flowers with protected nectaries than in
 the controls; this resulted in significant differences in pollinator
 visitation rates. These results provide the first evidence that floral
 nectar and nectaries may be ‘sacrificed’ to herbivores, leading to reduced
 damage to other floral tissues that are more important for reproduction.
description: Herbivory and
 pollination ratesHerbivory rate of Iris
 bulleyana in relation to treatment (unmanipulated vs. protected) and
 tissue type (nectar and nectaries vs. tepals); and pollination rate of
 Iris bulleyana in relation to treatment. Treatment: 0 = unmanipulated, 1 =
 protected. Tissue type: 0= nectar and nectaries, 1=
 tepals.Iris.R-codeR-code for analysing pollinator-herbivore interaction in Iris bulleyana. Both analyses were conducted in the R packages "lme4", and the p-values were obtained using negative binomial regressions with a log link function, because the response variables were over-dispersed counts.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.56r4rv4
title: Data from: Numerical cognition in honeybees enables addition and subtraction

description: Many animals understand numbers at a basic level for use in essential
 tasks such as foraging, shoaling, and resource management. However,
 complex arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, using
 symbols and/or labeling have only been demonstrated in a limited number of
 nonhuman vertebrates. We show that honeybees, with a miniature brain, can
 learn to use blue and yellow as symbolic representations for addition or
 subtraction. In a free-flying environment, individual bees used this
 information to solve unfamiliar problems involving adding or subtracting
 one element from a group of elements. This display of numerosity requires
 bees to acquire long-term rules and use short-term working memory. Given
 that honeybees and humans are separated by over 400 million years of
 evolution, our findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition may be
 more accessible to nonhuman animals than previously suspected.
description: Learning phase
 dataLearning phase data of
 100 appetitive-aversive differential conditioning trails for honeybees
 learning addition and subtraction rules.Learning_phase.csvTesting phaseResults of the four unconditioned tests conducted.Testing_phase.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13pb4
title: Data from: Fruit size determines the role of three scatter-hoarding rodents as dispersers or seed predators of a fleshy-fruited Atacama Desert shrub

description: Scatter-hoarding rodents can act as both predators and dispersers for many
 large-seeded plants because they cache seeds for future use, but
 occasionally forget them in sites with high survival and establishment
 probabilities. The most important fruit or seed trait influencing rodent
 foraging behavior is seed size; rodents prefer large seeds because they
 have higher nutritional content, but this preference can be
 counterbalanced by the higher costs of handling larger seeds. We designed
 a cafeteria experiment to assess whether fruit and seed size of
 Myrcianthes coquimbensis, an endangered desert shrub, influence the
 decision-making process during foraging by three species of
 scatter-hoarding rodents differing in body size: Abrothrix olivaceus,
 Phyllotis darwini and Octodon degus. We found that the size of fruits and
 seeds influenced foraging behavior in the three rodent species; the
 probability of a fruit being harvested and hoarded was higher for larger
 fruits than for smaller ones. Patterns of fruit size preference were not
 affected by rodent size; all species were able to hoard fruits within the
 entire range of sizes offered. Finally, fruit and seed size had no effect
 on the probability of seed predation, rodents typically ate only the
 fleshy pulp of the fruits offered and discarded whole, intact seeds. In
 conclusion, our results reveal that larger M. coquimbensis fruits have
 higher probabilities of being harvested, and ultimately of its seeds being
 hoarded and dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents. As this plant has no
 other dispersers, rodents play an important role in its recruitment
 dynamics.
description: Data on fruit sizes and
 selection by rodentsThis datafile contains
 data on 30 experimental trials, 10 per each of three species of rodents
 (Octodon degus, Phyllotis darwini and Abrothrix olivaceus) in which
 individuals were offered Myrcianthes coquimbensis fruits of different
 sizes (n=30). The data shows the fate of each fruit and seed (e.g.,
 ignored, hoarded, predated) in each of the trials.Data_Luna_etal_2016.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m7n150f
title: Data from: Dividing a maternal pie among half-sibs: genetic conflicts and the control of resource allocation to seeds in maize

description: Resource allocation to offspring is the battleground for various
 intra-familial conflicts. Understanding these conflicts requires knowledge
 of how the different actors (mother, siblings with different paternal
 genotypes) influence resource allocation. In angiosperms, resource to
 seeds is allocated post-fertilization and the paternally inherited genome
 in offspring can therefore influence resource allocation. However, the
 precise mode of resource allocation, and in particular the occurrence of
 sibling rivalry, has been rarely investigated in plants. In this paper, we
 develop a new method to analyze the resource allocation traits of the
 different actors (maternal sporophyte and half-sibs) using the data
 obtained from a large-scale diallel cross experiment in maize involving
 mixed hand pollination and colors markers to assess seed weight of known
 paternity. We found strong evidence for the occurrence of sibling rivalry:
 all resource to ears was allocated competitively and offspring with
 different paternal genotypes aggressively competed for this resource,
 entailing a measurable direct cost. We also show how resource allocation
 can be described for each genotype into two maternal (source effect,
 average sink responsiveness) and two offspring traits (ability to attract
 maternal resource, competitive ability towards siblings). We will discuss
 how these findings help understanding how genetic conflicts shape resource
 allocation traits in angiosperms.
description: Full data
 setFull dataset used in the
 analyses column #1: total mass of focal seeds (of paternal genotype i) on
 a given ear column #2: number of focal seeds (of paternal genotype i) on a
 given ear (ajusted for missing seeds) column #3: number of competitor
 seeds (of paternal genotype j) on the same ear (ajusted for missing seeds)
 column #4: identity of focal paternal genotype i (codes for strains given
 below) column #5: identity of competitor paternal genotype j (codes for
 strains given below) column #6: identity of maternal genotype codes for
 genotypes: 1=A619, 2= B1-Peru, 3= Mo17, 4=B73, 5= W22,
 6=W23Data
 for dryad.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ms89
title: Data from: Do evolutionary constraints on thermal performance manifest at different organizational scales?

description: The two foremost hypotheses on the evolutionary constraints on an
 organism's thermal sensitivity – the hotter-is-better expectation,
 and the specialist–generalist trade-off – have received mixed support from
 empirical studies testing for their existence. Could these conflicting
 results reflect confusion regarding the organizational level (i.e. species
 &gt; population &gt; individual) at which these constraints should
 manifest? We propose that these evolutionary constraints should manifest
 at different organizational levels because of differences in their
 underlying causes and requirements. The hotter-is-better expectation
 should only manifest across separate evolutionary units (e.g. species,
 populations), and not within populations. The specialist–generalist
 trade-off, by contrast, should manifest within as well as between separate
 evolutionary units. We measured the thermal sensitivity of sprint
 performance for 440 rainforest sun skinks (Lampropholis coggeri)
 representing 10 populations, and used the resulting performance curves to
 test for evidence for the hypothesized constraints at two organizational
 levels: (i) across populations and (ii) within populations. As predicted,
 the hotter-is-better expectation was evident only at the across-population
 level, whereas the specialist–generalist trade-off was evident within, as
 well as across, populations. Our results suggest that, depending on the
 processes that drive them, evolutionary constraints can manifest at
 different organizational levels. Consideration of these underlying
 processes, and the organizational level at which a constraint should
 manifest, may help resolve conflicting empirical results.
description: TPC Parameters for each
 lizardThis is an R data file
 containing the TPC parameters for each lizardPublishedDataset.RData