DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280gnp
title: Data for: Evaluating heterogeneity in household travel response to carbon pricing: a study focusing on small and rural communities

description: The spike in gasoline and diesel fuel prices during the spring of 2022
 provided a unique opportunity to evaluate how changes in transportation
 costs affect travel behavior, including changes in small and rural
 communities. We created an internet-based survey that asked people living
 in Vermont how they responded to the recent increase in gasoline and
 diesel fuel prices and what they plan to do if prices remain high. We
 included questions about changes in the vehicles they use and plans to
 purchase more fuel-efficient or electric vehicles. We also asked about
 changes made to travel for essential trips, including trips for work,
 education, medical appointments, and food, and less essential trips
 including visiting friends and family, recreational activities, and going
 to social events. For each trip type, essential and less-essential,
 respondents could make one or more selections from a list of possible
 actions that could have been taken in response to higher fuel costs.
 Actions included using alternative modes of transportation, completing
 more activities at or from home, carpooling and ridesharing, seeking
 closer destinations for essential and non-essential activities, trip
 chaining, moving to a more transportation-efficient location, and
 adjusting household budgets. Similarly, respondents were asked to indicate
 the likelihood that they would make any of the previously listed actions
 if prices were expected to remain high for more than one year on a 5-point
 Likert scale. We also include a set of questions about potential barriers
 to taking action to avoid higher fuel costs. This included questions about
 concerns surrounding EV range, charging access, and performance. We also
 asked if respondents would change (decrease or increase) the amount of
 driving they do if various improvements to public transportation and
 active travel infrastructure were made or if the number of local
 employment, shopping, and education opportunities were
 increased. Prior research finds that attitudes and beliefs can be
 significant factors in explaining travel behavior and choices; therefore,
 we also consider attitudes and beliefs in our study. We asked about
 attitudes and beliefs related to sustainability, car culture, and
 dependence, the role of government, and technological advancement. We
 hypothesized that these attitudes and beliefs are not only important in
 explaining how people respond to increasing fuel prices but that they may
 also vary across community types (urban to rural). Lastly, we asked
 respondents to describe the type of community they live in (rural,
 suburban, or urban) and provide the name of the town where they reside
 along with a standard set of socioeconomic questions.
description: We began by recruiting participants
 using a geolocated database of about 40,000 Vermont e-mail addresses
 (geolocated to the town level) obtained from a marketing company. The
 sample collected from this recruitment method skewed much older than the
 Vermont population but was otherwise broadly representative. We therefore
 recruited additional participants through Facebook and Instagram
 advertisements. The sample collected from the social media advertisements
 was, on average, 29 years younger. All participants were given a chance to
 enter a drawing for one of ten cash cards each worth $50, as an incentive.
 The survey was distributed in March 2022 and received 911 responses. After
 filtering out surveys that were less than 50% complete (these were mostly
 surveys that were started but never completed), the final size of the
 sample used in our analysis was 749. Missing values in the final sample
 were imputed in R using the MICE package. Numerical variables we imputed
 using Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) and categorical variables were
 imputed using Polytomous Regression (Polyreg) which is used for
 categorical variables with two or more than two levels. We
 used principal axis factor analysis with an orthogonal (varimax) rotation
 to reduce the number of attitudinal and behavioral variables and to
 identify latent attitudinal factors using the R psych package. Based on
 the evaluation of a scree plot of eigenvalues, we determined that four
 factors were optimal and labeled them as technology concern, car travel
 enjoyment, environmental concern, and political activity. Factors scores
 were estimated for each respondent using the Thurston method (a regression
 approach) 
description: # Data for: Evaluating heterogeneity in household travel response to
 carbon pricing: a study focusing on small and rural communities Dataset
 DOI:
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3r2280gnp](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3r2280gnp) Response to Fuel Price Survey Metadata University of Vermont Transportation Research Center Metadata Producer(s): Narges Ahmadnia and Gregory Rowangould, University of Vermont Date: February 2025 ## Table of Contents 1. [Overview](#overview) 2. [Producers and Sponsers](#producers-and-sponsers) 3. [Data Collection](#data-collection) 4. [Variables List](#variables-list) 5. [Variables Description](#variables-description) ## Overview We take advantage of the dramatic spike in gasoline and diesel fuel prices during the first half of 2022 to gain insights into the responses of residents living in diverse small cities, towns, and rural communities in Vermont. Limited existing data on how rural populations react to changes in transportation fuel prices made this recent price surge a unique and insightful subject of study. The insights gathered can be useful in understanding the potential of market-based and other GHG mitigation strategies in small and rural communities. We find that urban, suburban, and rural households all made significant travel adjustments in response to higher gas prices. While urban households were more likely to switch travel modes and rural households were more likely to adopt an Electric Vehicle, all households found ways to reduce the frequency or distance of their trips. These findings suggest that even in automobile-dependent regions, households can make significant changes in response to higher prices, challenging the common notion that market-based policies would be ineffective in more rural contexts. Moreover, attitudes and beliefs may play a larger role in explaining how people respond to higher fuel prices than their geographical location or socioeconomic characteristics. Contrary to initial expectations, rural households expressed a similar level of desire for improved transit access and greater accessibility as urban and suburban households to decrease automobile use. These results suggest that compact and mixed-use developments and improved transit options may be effective means to further reduce travel demand even in more rural contexts. ## Producers and Sponsors * **Primary Investigator(s)**: Rowangould, Gregory, University of Vermont Transportation Research Center * **Other Producer(s)**: University of Vermont (UVM), National Center for Sustainable Transportation (NCST) * **Funding Agency/ies**: US Department of Transportation (USDOT) ## Data Collection * **Data Collection Mode**: Online Survey * **Sampling Procedure**: Participants were recruited using a geolocated database of about 40,000 Vermont e-mail addresses (geolocated to the town level) obtained from a marketing company. We recruited additional participants through Facebook and Instagram ads. * **Valid Samples**: 749 ## Variables List The dataset contains 24 variables. Note that some were redacted or binned for identity protection. | # | Name | Label | Type | Valid | Invalid | Question | | -- | ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ----- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | 1 | [Q1.3](#q13) | Community Type | Category | 749 | 0 | Which of the following best describes the area where you live? | | 2 | [Q1.4](#q14) | Mode Usage | Category | 749 | 0 | During a typical week (Sunday through Saturday), how often do you travel using each of the following types of transportation (excluding walking and biking for exercise or recreation)? | | 3 | [Q1.5](#q15) | Vehicle | Category | 749 | 0 | What type of vehicle do you use most frequently? | | 4 | [Q1.6](#q16) | Vehicle Type | Category | 749 | 0 | What type of vehicle is this? | | 5 | [Q2.2](#q22) | Attitudes-Environment | Category | 749 | 0 | Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. | | 6 | [Q2.3](#q23) | Attitudes-Technology | Category | 749 | 0 | Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. | | 7 | [Q2.4](#q24) | Attitudes-Energy & Efficiency | Category | 749 | 0 | Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. | | 8 | [Q2.5](#q25) | Attitudes-Government | Category | 749 | 0 | Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. | | 9 | [Q2.6](#q26) | Attitudes-Vehicel Use | Category | 749 | 0 | Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. | | 10 | [Q3.1](#q31) | Importance of reducing driving expenses | Category | 749 | 0 | Considering the recent increase in gasoline and diesel prices in Vermont, how important is it to you to reduce your driving expenses? | | 11 | [Q3.2](#q32) | Vehicle-related changes due to gas price | Category | 749 | 0 | Have you done any of the following in response to the recent increase in gasoline and diesel fuel prices in Vermont? Select all that apply. | | 12 | [Q3.3](#q33) | Essential Trip-related changes due to gas price | Category | 749 | 0 | Considering essential trips that you make such as going to work, school, buying food and medical appointments, have you done any of the following in response to the recent increase in gasoline and diesel fuel prices in Vermont? Select all that apply. | | 13 | [Q3.4](#q34) | Less-Essentail Trip-related changes due to gas price | Category | 749 | 0 | Considering less essential trips that you make such as visiting friends and family, recreational activities, and going to social events, have you done any of the following in response to the recent increase in gasoline and diesel fuel prices in Vermont? Select all that apply. | | 14 | [Q3.5](#q35) | Changes if the gas price remains high for more than a year | Category | 749 | 0 | If fuel price were expected to remain high for more than 1 year, how likely would you be to make the following changes? | | 15 | [Q3.6](#q36) | Essential Trip-related changes if the gas price remains high for more than a year | Category | 749 | 0 | Considering essential trips that you make such as going to work, school, buying food, and medical appointments, if fuel prices were to remain high for more than 1 year in Vermont, how likely would you be to make any of the following changes? | | 16 | [Q3.7](#q37) | Less-Essentail Trip-related changes if gas price remains high for more than a year | Category | 749 | 0 | Considering less essential trips that you make such as visiting friends and family, recreational activities, and going to social events, if fuel prices were to remain high for more than 1 year in Vermont, how likely would you be to make any of the following changes? | | 17 | [Q3.8](#q38) | Other Changes | Category | 749 | 0 | Are there any other changes you would make? Please describe these changes. | | 18 | [Q4.1](#q41) | Moving to reduce driving expense | Category | 749 | 0 | Would you ever consider moving to reduce the amount you drive or spend on transportation? | | 19 | [Q4.2](#q42) | Barriers to Change | Category | 749 | 0 | How would the following changes in your community affect the amount that you currently drive during a week? | | 20 | [Q4.3](#q43) | Purchasing Electric Vehicle | Category | 749 | 0 | Considering your next vehicle purchase or lease, how important would the following changes be to your decision to buy an electric vehicle instead of a gasoline or diesel vehicle? | | 21 | [Q5.1](#q51) | Town | Category | 745 | 4 | In what town do you currently live? | | 22 | [Age](#age) | Age | Category | 749 | 0 | How old are you? | | 23 | [Gender](#gender) | Gender | Category | 749 | 0 | Please state your gender. | | 24 | [Income](#income) | Level of Income | Category | 749 | 0 | Please state your yearly household income. | ## Variables Description --- ### Q1.3 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Which of the following best describes the area where you live? | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | --------------- | ----- | | 1 | Urban | 161 | | 3 | Suburban | 179 | | 4 | Rural | 408 | | -99 | Did not Respond | 1 | --- ### Q1.4 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: During a typical week (Sunday through Saturday), how often do you travel using each of the following types of transportation (excluding walking and biking for exercise or recreation)? `Q1.4_1`: Car, Truck, Motorcycle, etc `Q1.4_2`: Public Transportation `Q1.4_3`: Walking `Q1.4_4`: Biking | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------------------- | | 1 | Every Day | | 2 | More than 3 days per week | | 3 | 1 to 3 days per week | | 4 | Less than 1 day per week | | 5 | Never | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q1.5 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: What type of vehicle do you use most frequently? | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | --------------------------- | ----- | | 1 | Car | 400 | | 2 | Van | 14 | | 3 | SUV | 189 | | 4 | Pickup Truck or Other Truck | 144 | | -99 | Did not Respond | 2 | --- ### Q1.6 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: What type of vehicle is this? | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----- | | 1 | Hybrid Electric | 43 | | 2 | Battery Electric, Plug-In Hybrid Electric | 20 | | 3 | Ethanol, biodiesel, natural gas, or other alternative fuel | 0 | | 4 | Gasoline or Diesel | 682 | | 6 | Plug-In Hybrid Electric | 13 | | -99 | Did not Respond or Other Non-Specific Vehicle Type | 4 | --- ### Q2.2 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. `Q2.2_1`: Environmental threats such as global warming and deforestation have been exaggerated. `Q2.2_2`: Being environmentally responsible is important to me as a person. `Q2.2_3`: Humans are responsible for taking care of the environment. `Q2.2_4`: I am worried about the health impacts of air pollution. `Q2.2_5`: Protecting the environment is not important to me `Q2.2_6`: The balance of nature is not easily upset by human activities `Q2.2_7`: I frequently donate to pro-environmental organizations `Q2.2_8`: I think of myself as an environmentally friendly consumer. `Q2.2_9`: Unemployment and the high cost of living is a bigger threat than environmental pollution | Value | Label | | ----- | -------------------------- | | 1 | Strongly disagree | | 2 | Somewhat disagree | | 3 | Neither agree nor disagree | | 4 | Somewhat agree | | 5 | Strongly agree | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q2.3 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. `Q2.3_1`: Technology has made life easier. `Q2.3_2`: Technology can help solve pollution problems. `Q2.3_3`: Technology has done more harm than good. `Q2.3_4`: I like to keep up with the latest technology. `Q2.3_5`: It would be nice if we stopped building so many machines and went back to nature. `Q2.3_6`: People today have become too dependent on technology. `Q2.3_7`: Pollution is the inevitable result of technological development. `Q2.3_8`: Technology has made life too complicated. `Q2.3_9`: Computers make business and government more efficient. | Value | Label | | ----- | -------------------------- | | 1 | Strongly disagree | | 2 | Somewhat disagree | | 3 | Neither agree nor disagree | | 4 | Somewhat agree | | 5 | Strongly agree | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q2.4 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. `Q2.4_1`: Global warming should be a priority for the government. `Q2.4_2`: Automakers should not be required to increase the fuel efficiency of cars, trucks, and SUVs. `Q2.4_3`: More research should be funded for renewable energy sources. `Q2.4_4`: Tax rebates should be provided for people who purchase energy-efficient vehicles. `Q2.4_5`: The government has no role in protecting ecologically sensitive areas. | Value | Label | | ----- | -------------------------- | | 1 | Strongly disagree | | 2 | Somewhat disagree | | 3 | Neither agree nor disagree | | 4 | Somewhat agree | | 5 | Strongly agree | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q2.5 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. `Q2.5_1`: I have contacted a local government official. `Q2.5_2`: I have posted about politics on social media. `Q2.5_3`: I donated to political organizations. `Q2.5_4`: I attended a rally, protest, or demonstration. `Q2.5_5`: I engaged in political conversations with friends and/or family. | Value | Label | | ----- | -------------------------- | | 1 | Strongly disagree | | 2 | Somewhat disagree | | 3 | Neither agree nor disagree | | 4 | Somewhat agree | | 5 | Strongly agree | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q2.6 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements. `Q2.6_1`: I like traveling in a car. `Q2.6_2`: Reducing my car use will not make a difference to traffic problems because most other people will still drive. `Q2.6_3`: Driving a car is good for society. `Q2.6_4`: Owning a vehicle provides me with freedom. `Q2.6_5`: I plan to always own a vehicle. `Q2.6_6`: I don't have time to think about my travel. I just get in my car and go. `Q2.6_7`: I am actively trying to use my car less. `Q2.6_8`: I am not interested in reducing my car use. `Q2.6_9`: My lifestyle is dependent on having a car. | Value | Label | | ----- | -------------------------- | | 1 | Strongly disagree | | 2 | Somewhat disagree | | 3 | Neither agree nor disagree | | 4 | Somewhat agree | | 5 | Strongly agree | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q3.1 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Considering the recent increase in gasoline and diesel prices in Vermont, how important is it to you to reduce your driving expenses? | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | -------------------- | ----- | | 1 | Not at all important | 109 | | 2 | Somewhat important | 374 | | 3 | Very important | 265 | | -99 | Did not Respond | 1 | --- ### Q3.2 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Have you done any of the following in response to the recent increase in gasoline and diesel fuel prices in Vermont? Select all that apply. `Q3.2_1`: Tried to drive more efficiently to save fuel such as driving slower, less aggressive acceleration, reduced amount of idling, etc. `Q3.2_2`: Considered purchasing or leasing a smaller or more efficient gasoline or diesel vehicle `Q3.2_3`: Purchased or leased a smaller or more efficient gasoline or diesel vehicle `Q3.2_4`: Considered purchasing or leasing an electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle `Q3.2_5`: Purchased or leased an electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle `Q3.2_6`: Considered moving to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.2_7`: Moved to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.2_8`: Increased use of a more fuel-efficient vehicle that you have access to | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------ | | 1 | Selected | | -99 | Not Selected | --- ### Q3.3 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Considering essential trips that you make such as going to work, school, buying food, and medical appointments, have you done any of the following in response to the recent increase in gasoline and diesel fuel prices in Vermont? Select all that apply. `Q3.3_1`: Increased amount of remote work `Q3.3_2`: Increased amount of trips by carpooling `Q3.3_3`: Increased amount of trips by walking `Q3.3_4`: Increased amount of trips by biking `Q3.3_5`: Increased amount of trips by public transportation `Q3.3_6`: Increased amount of trips by rideshare or carshare services `Q3.3_7`: Increased amount of internet shopping and/or home delivery `Q3.3_8`: Made fewer shopping trips `Q3.3_9`: Chose closer shopping options to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.3_10`: Combined trips to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.3_11`: Adjusted your household budget to pay for the increased cost of driving `Q3.3_12`: Made no changes `Q3.3_13`: Other, please specify: | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------ | | 1 | Selected | | -99 | Not Selected | --- ### Q3.4 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Considering less essential trips that you make such as visiting friends and family, recreational activities, and going to social events, have you done any of the following in response to the recent increase in gasoline and diesel fuel prices in Vermont? Select all that apply. `Q3.4_1`: Increased amount of trips by carpooling `Q3.4_2`: Increased amount of trips by walking `Q3.4_3`: Increased amount of trips by biking `Q3.4_4`: Increased amount of trips by public transportation `Q3.4_5`: Increased amount of trips by rideshare or carshare services `Q3.4_6`: Replaced activities that require driving with at-home options `Q3.4_7`: Reduced the number of activities that require driving `Q3.4_8`: Went to places closer to home to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.4_9`: Combined trips to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.4_10`: Adjusted your household budget to pay for the increased cost of driving `Q3.4_11`: Made no changes `Q3.4_12`: Other, please specify: | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------ | | 1 | Selected | | -99 | Not Selected | --- ### Q3.5 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: If fuel prices were expected to remain high for more than 1 year, how likely would you be to make the following changes? `Q3.5_1`: Purchase or lease a smaller or more efficient gasoline or diesel vehicle `Q3.5_2`: Purchase or lease an electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle `Q3.5_3`: Move to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.5_4`: Increase the use of a more fuel-efficient vehicle that you have access to | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------------ | | 1 | Extremely unlikely | | 2 | Somewhat unlikely | | 3 | Unsure | | 4 | Somewhat likely | | 5 | Extremely likely | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q3.6 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Considering essential trips that you make such as going to work, school, buying food, and medical appointments, if fuel prices were to remain high for more than 1 year in Vermont, how likely would you be to make any of the following changes? `Q3.6_1`: Begin or increase the amount of remote work `Q3.6_2`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by carpooling `Q3.6_3`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by walking `Q3.6_4`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by biking `Q3.6_5`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by public transportation `Q3.6_6`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by rideshare or carshare services `Q3.6_7`: Begin or increase the amount of internet shopping and/or home delivery `Q3.6_8`: Make fewer shopping trips `Q3.6_9`: Choose closer shopping options to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.6_10`: Explore job options closer to home `Q3.6_11`: Adjust your household budget to pay for increased the cost of driving `Q3.6_12`: Make no changes | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------------ | | 1 | Extremely unlikely | | 2 | Somewhat unlikely | | 3 | Unsure | | 4 | Somewhat likely | | 5 | Extremely likely | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q3.7 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Considering less essential trips that you make such as visiting friends and family, recreational activities, and going to social events, if fuel prices were to remain high for more than 1 year in Vermont, how likely would you be to make any of the following changes? `Q3.7_1`: Begin or increase the amount of remote work `Q3.7_2`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by carpooling `Q3.7_3`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by walking `Q3.7_4`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by biking `Q3.7_5`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by public transportation `Q3.7_6`: Begin or increase the amount of trips by rideshare or carshare services `Q3.7_7`: Replace activities that require driving with at-home options `Q3.7_8`: Reduce the number of activities that require driving `Q3.7_9`: Choose closer options to reduce the amount you drive `Q3.7_10`: Adjust your household budget to pay for the increased cost of driving `Q3.7_11`: Make no changes | Value | Label | | ----- | ------------------ | | 30 | Extremely unlikely | | 31 | Somewhat unlikely | | 32 | Unsure | | 33 | Somewhat likely | | 34 | Extremely likely | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q4.1 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Would you ever consider moving to reduce the amount you drive or spend on transportation? | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | --------------- | ----- | | 1 | Definitely not | 378 | | 2 | Probably not | 158 | | 3 | Maybe | 92 | | 4 | Probably | 38 | | 5 | Definitely | 25 | | -99 | Did not Respond | 58 | --- ### Q4.2 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: How would the following changes in your community affect the amount that you currently drive during a week? `Q4.2_1`: More frequent public transportation `Q4.2_2`: Public transportation connects to more places you go `Q4.2_3`: Bus routes on state highways are replaced by trains `Q4.2_4`: Most streets are made safe for walking `Q4.2_5`: Most streets are made safe for biking `Q4.2_6`: More local employment opportunities `Q4.2_7`: Closer shopping locations `Q4.2_8`: Closer public schools | Value | Label | | ----- | --------------------------------- | | 1 | Would not change my driving | | 2 | A small decrease in my driving | | 3 | A moderate decrease in my driving | | 4 | A large decrease in my driving | | 5 | I would stop most of my driving | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Q4.3 **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Considering your next vehicle purchase or lease, how important would the following changes be to your decision to buy an electric vehicle instead of a gasoline or diesel vehicle? `Q4.3_1`: Cost is reduced `Q4.3_2`: More charging stations `Q4.3_3`: More miles per charge `Q4.3_4`: Faster charging `Q4.3_5`: 4-wheel drive is available `Q4.3_6`: Trucks and SUVs are available | Value | Label | | ----- | -------------------- | | 1 | Not at all important | | 2 | Slightly important | | 3 | Somewhat important | | 4 | Very important | | -99 | Did not Respond | --- ### Age **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: How old are you? | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | --------------- | ----- | | 1 | Less than 25 | 17 | | 2 | 25 - 34 | 104 | | 3 | 35 - 44 | 70 | | 4 | 45 - 54 | 103 | | 5 | More than 54 | 468 | | -99 | Did not Respond | 39 | --- ### Gender **Information**: [Type= Category **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please state your gender. | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ----- | | 1 | Male | 349 | | 2 | Female | 355 | | -99 | Did not Respond, Non-binary or other gender identity | 45 | --- ### Income **Information**: [Type= Category] **Statistics**: [Valid=749][Invalid=0] **Literal question**: Please state your yearly household income. | Value | Label | Cases | | ----- | ------------------ | ----- | | 1 | Less than $20,000 | 32 | | 2 | $20,000 - $34,999 | 64 | | 3 | $35,000 - $49,999 | 95 | | 4 | $50,000 - $74,999 | 140 | | 5 | $75,000 - $100,000 | 146 | | 6 | More than $100,000 | 224 | | -99 | Did not Respond | 48 | ---