cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xv9
title: Data from: Social context and noise affect within and between-male song adjustments in a common passerine

description: Across populations, animals that inhabit areas with high anthropogenic
 noise produce vocalizations that differ from those inhabiting less noisy
 environments. Such patterns may be due to individuals rapidly adjusting
 their songs in response to changing noise, but individual variation is
 seldom explored. We tested the hypothesis that male house wrens
 (Troglodytes aedon) immediately adjust their songs according to changing
 noise, and that social context further modifies responses. We recorded
 songs, quantified noise, and defined social context within pairs as female
 fertile status and between males as number of conspecific neighbors. We
 used a reaction norm approach to compare song trait intercepts
 (between-male effects) and slopes (within-male effects) as a function of
 noise. Individuals immediately adjusted song duration in response to
 changing noise. How they achieved adjustments varied: some sang shorter
 and others longer songs with greater noise, and individuals varied in the
 extent to which they adjusted song duration. Variation in song duration
 could be affected by competition, as between-male noise levels interacted
 with number of neighbors to affect syllable duration. Neither within- nor
 between-male noise effects were detected for frequency traits. Rather
 males with fertile mates sang lower frequency songs and increased peak
 frequency with more neighbors. Among males, social context but not noise
 affected song frequency, whereas temporal structure varied between and
 within individuals depending on noise and social factors. Not all males
 adjusted signals the same way in response to noise and selection could
 favor different levels of variation according to noise.
description: Audio recordings of focal males were made at their nest boxes
 using Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter 2 units (SM2; Maynard, MA; 44.1 kHz
 sample frequency, 16-bit, .wav format), by attaching a microphone
 (Wildlife Acoustics: SMX-II model) directly to the nest box pole and
 connecting the microphone to SM2 unit with a 3-m cord. Units were
 pre-programmed to begin recording one hour before sunrise (Eastern
 Standard Time, EST) and to continue recording for five hours. We
 used Avisoft SASLab Pro v5.2 (R. Specht, Glienicke/Nordbahn, Germany) to
 label 25 songs from 36 males (Flat top window, 512 FFT length, 93.75%
 overlap, 0.725 ms time resolution). We used the automated parameter window
 (-20 dB threshold) to extract minimum frequency (Hz), maximum frequency
 (Hz), peak frequency (Hz), bandwidth (Hz), and song duration (s) from each
 song, song section, and syllable.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5qj2zv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 66390 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is New Zealand",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Rhodophyta"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 66390 records from 115 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002363-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gtpn
title: Molecular adaptation and convergent evolution of frugivory in Old World and New World fruit bats

description: Repeated adaptations to the same dietary niche in different lineages are a
 hallmark in mammalian ecology. Molecular evolutionary analysis is powerful
 to dissect the evolutionary history of dietary adaptations based on the
 knowledge of gene functions. Here we used genome-wide analyses of
 molecular evolution to examine two lineages of bats that have
 independently evolved obligate frugivory: the Old World family
 Pteropodidae and the New World subfamily Stenodermatinae, although
 ancestral bats were insectivorous. We report novel genome sequences of two
 New World fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira hondurensis),
 which together provide a framework for comparisons with Old World fruit
 bats. Comparative genomics of 10 bat species, which have diverse diets
 across their phylogeny, revealed a number of convergent molecular
 signatures underlying evolutionary adaptations to obligate frugivory. We
 identified three subfamilies of olfactory receptor genes, losses of three
 bitter taste receptor genes, losses of two digestive enzyme genes, and
 convergent amino acid substitutions in several metabolic genes that are
 specifically linked to frugivory. This study provides an excellent model
 to explore molecular adaptations contributing to convergent evolution of
 obligate frugivory, and will facilitate future studies of ecological
 adaptations in mammals.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.18931zctc
title: Raw data: The timing and asymmetry of plant-pathogen-insect interactions

description: Insects and pathogens frequently exploit the same host plant and can
 potentially impact each other’s performance. However, studies on
 plant-pathogen-insect interactions have mainly focused on a fixed temporal
 setting or on a single interaction partner. In this study, we assessed the
 impact of time of attacker arrival on the outcome and symmetry of
 interactions between aphids (Tuberculatus annulatus), powdery mildew
 (Erysiphe alphitoides) and caterpillars (Phalera bucephala) feeding on
 pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, and explored how single vs. multiple
 attackers affect oak performance. We used a multifactorial
 greenhouse experiment in which oak seedlings were infected with either
 zero, one, two or three attackers, with the order of attacker arrival
 differing among treatments. The performances of all involved organisms
 were monitored throughout the experiment. Overall, attackers had a weak
 and inconsistent impact on plant performance. Interactions between
 attackers, when present, were asymmetric. For example, aphids performed
 worse, but powdery mildew performed better, when co-occurring. Order of
 arrival strongly affected the outcome of interactions, and early attackers
 modified the strength and direction of interactions between later arriving
 attackers. Our study shows that interactions between plant-attackers can
 be asymmetric, time-dependent and species-specific. This is likely to
 shape the ecology and evolution of plant-pathogen-insect interactions.
  
description: Data from a multifactorial growth chamber experiment, including
 data on plant performance (plant height, number of developed leaves, leaf
 size and number of shoots), mildew performance, aphid performance and
 caterpillar performance. Processed in R v. 3.5.1.
DOI: 10.6078/d14117
title: Nocturnal dispersal flight of crickets: behavioural and physiological responses to cool environmental temperatures

description: 1. Flight of nocturnal insects may be limited by cool nighttime
 environmental temperatures. We used laboratory and field experiments to
 explore the thermal basis of nocturnal flight in wing-polymorphic Gryllus
 lineaticeps crickets consisting of long-winged (LW), flight-capable morphs
 and short-winged (SW), flight-incapable morphs. These crickets are a model
 for life history evolution and loss of flight, but their thermal
 requirements for flight have been unknown. We hypothesized that LW
 crickets achieve warm body temperatures required for flight through a
 combination of behavioral thermoregulation, producing heat endogenously
 (either through initiating muscular thermogenesis or increasing resting
 metabolic rates), and minimizing heat loss (by circulatory adjustments or
 insulation). 2. Summer evening air temperatures in the field gradually
 declined from 25°C to 18°C during the hours of nighttime cricket activity.
 Laboratory LW crickets did not fly at a body temperature of 18°C, and 60 %
 flew at 25°C. In an experimental thermal gradient, spontaneous flight did
 not occur until body temperature exceeded 35C, confirming that nocturnal
 field air temperature limits flight in this species. 3. In a thermal
 gradient, LW crickets preferred higher temperatures (~ 36°C) than SW
 crickets (~ 32.5°C). In the field, all crickets were warmer than air
 temperature but considerably cooler than their preferred temperatures. LW
 crickets had higher field body temperatures (24.3°C) than SW crickets
 (22.3°C). LW crickets spontaneously initiated muscular thermogenesis
 through wing vibrations, increasing body temperature to a pre-flight
 maximum of 35°C. Muscular thermogenesis was limited below 25°C. LW
 crickets cooled more slowly and had higher metabolic rates than SW
 crickets. 4. We conclude that LW crickets prepare to fly on cool nights by
 gaining heat from warm substrates, activating endogenous muscular
 thermogenesis, and reducing their cooling rate. These mechanisms are
 absent or less pronounced in SW crickets. The overall thermoregulatory
 strategy we report represents a previously unrecognized component of
 insect dispersal polymorphism. We suggest that thermal constraints on
 nocturnal flight may have contributed to evolutionary loss of flight in
 other insect groups.
description: Methods described in: Sun B-J, Huebner C,
 Treidel LA, Clark R, Kenagy GJ, Williams CM (in press) Nocturnal dispersal
 flight of crickets: behavioural and physiological responses to cool
 environmental temperatures. <b><i>Functional
 Ecology.</i></b>
description: All metadata are contined in the ReadMe file. Contact Caroline
 Williams (cmw@berkeley.edu) or Baojun Sun (sunbaojun@ioz.ac.cn) with any
 questions and we will be happy to help.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c59zw3r4m
title: Heliconiini butterflies can learn time-dependent reward associations

description: For many pollinators, flowers provide predictable temporal schedules of
 resource availability, meaning an ability to learn time-dependent
 information could be widely beneficial. However, this ability has only
 been demonstrated in a handful of species. Observational studies of
 Heliconius butterflies suggest that they may have an ability to form
 time-dependent foraging preferences. Heliconius are unique among
 butterflies in actively collecting pollen, a dietary behaviour linked to
 spatiotemporally faithful ‘trap-line’ foraging. Time-dependency of
 foraging preferences is hypothesised to allow Heliconius to exploit
 temporal predictability in alternative pollen resources. Here, we provide
 the first experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis,
 demonstrating that Heliconius hecale can learn opposing colour preferences
 in two time periods. This shift in preference is robust to the order of
 presentation, suggesting that preference is tied to the time of day and
 not due to ordinal or interval learning. However, this ability is not
 limited to Heliconius, as previously hypothesised, but is also present in
 a related genus of non-pollen feeding butterflies. This demonstrates that
 time learning likely pre-dates the origin of pollen-feeding and may be
 prevalent across butterflies with less specialized foraging behaviours.
description: This data was collected by scoring observations of butterfly
 behaviour. The raw choices are provided in the raw data file. The master
 datasheet contains all data aggregated to run the analysis in the R
 scripts.
description: For the R scripts you must specify the data path to the path you
 download the master data file (titled
 'full_heliconius_dataset.csv') to. The text file named
 README_dataset_metadata contains the descriptions of the column
 headings.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tx95x69v9
title: Histological dataset for: Osteohistological analyses reveal diverse strategies of theropod dinosaur body-size macroevolution

description: The independent evolution of gigantism among dinosaurs has been a topic of
 longstanding interest, but it remains unclear if gigantic theropods, the
 largest bipeds in the fossil record, all achieved massive sizes in the
 same manner, or through different strategies. We perform multi-element
 histological analyses on a phylogenetically broad dataset sampled from
 eight theropod families, with a focus on gigantic tyrannosaurids and
 carcharodontosaurids, to reconstruct the growth strategies of these
 lineages and test if particular bones consistently preserve the most
 complete growth record. We find that in skeletally-mature gigantic
 theropods, weightbearing bones consistently preserve extensive growth
 records, whereas non-weightbearing bones are remodelled and less useful
 for growth reconstruction, contrary to the pattern observed in smaller
 theropods and some other dinosaur clades. We find
 a heterochronic pattern of growth fitting an acceleration model
 in tyrannosaurids, with allosauroid carcharodontosaurids better fitting a
 model of hypermorphosis. These divergent growth patterns appear
 phylogenetically constrained, representing extreme versions of the growth
 patterns present in smaller coelurosaurs and allosauroids,
 respectively. This provides the first evidence of a lack of
 strong mechanistic or physiological constraints on size evolution in the
 largest bipeds in the fossil record, and evidence of one of the
 longest-living individual dinosaurs ever documented.
description: Data consist of images of fossil bone thin-sections. They were
 collected using standard paleohistology methods. See Cullen et al 2020 and
 references therein for detailed methodology
description: Data include high-resolution thin-section images used in analyses
 in Cullen et al 2020 (Histological dataset for: osteohistological analyses
 reveal diverse strategies of theropod dinosaur body-size macroevolution).
 Please see publication for further details of specimens.
DOI: 10.7272/q6w957cz
title: Plasma neurofilament light for prediction of disease progression in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration

description: Objective: We tested the hypothesis that plasma neurofilament light chain
 (NfL) concentrations identify asymptomatic carriers of familial
 frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-causing mutations at risk of
 disease progression. Methods: Baseline plasma NfL concentrations were
 measured with Simoa in original (n = 277) and validation (n = 297)
 cohorts. C9orf72, GRN and MAPT mutation carriers and non-carriers from the
 same families were classified by disease severity [asymptomatic, prodromal
 and full phenotype] using the CDR® Dementia Staging Instrument plus
 behavior and language domains from the National Alzheimer’s Disease
 Coordinating Center FTLD module (CDR®+NACC-FTLD). Linear mixed effect
 models related NfL to clinical variables. Results: In both cohorts,
 baseline NfL was higher in asymptomatic mutation carriers who showed
 phenoconversion or subsequent disease progression compared to
 non-progressors (original: 11.4 ± 7 pg/mL vs. 6.7 ± 5 pg/mL, p = 0.002;
 validation: 14.1 ± 12 pg/mL vs. 8.7 ± 6 pg/mL, p = 0.035). Plasma NfL
 discriminated symptomatic from asymptomatic mutation carriers or prodromal
 disease (original cutoff: 13.6 pg/mL, 87.5% sensitivity, 82.7%
 specificity; validation cutoff: 19.8 pg/mL, 87.4% sensitivity, 84.3%
 specificity). Higher baseline NfL correlated with worse longitudinal
 CDR®+NACC-FTLD sum of boxes scores, neuropsychological function and
 atrophy, regardless of genotype or disease severity, including
 asymptomatic mutation carriers. Conclusions: Plasma NfL identifies
 asymptomatic carriers of FTLD-causing mutations at short-term risk of
 disease progression, and is a potential tool to select participants for
 prevention clinical trials. Classification of evidence: This study
 provides Class I evidence that in familial FTLD, elevation of plasma NfL
 predicts short-term risk of clinical progression.
description: The data was collected through clinical evaluation, measurement
 of biomarker in plasma and volumetric quantification of brain
 MRI.
description: These data supplement those in the main manuscript and are used
 to support the findings and conclusions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7h44j0zrk
title: Extending the ecology of fear: Parasite-mediated sexual selection drives host response to parasites

description: The ‘ecology of fear’ describes the negative effects natural enemies have
 on potential victims even when those victims are not consumed or infected.
 Although recent work has demonstrated parasites have non-consumptive
 effects (NCE) on potential hosts, how these effects vary within host
 populations is not well understood. We investigated how NCE vary based on
 host risk of infection and relative cost of infection by measuring the
 metabolic rate (MR) of naive Drosophila
 nigrospiracula exposed to an ectoparasite, Macrocheles
 subbadius. We tested two mutually exclusive hypotheses: 1) asymmetrical
 costs of infection drive adaptions for stronger responses to parasite
 exposure; or 2) asymmetrical risks of infection drive adaptions for
 stronger responses to parasite exposure. In this system, male flies have
 higher costs of infection relative to female flies due to
 parasite-mediated sexual selection; similarly, virgin females experience
 higher costs of infection relative to mated females. Risk of infection
 also varies among flies because mites preferentially infect female flies
 over males, and mites preferentially infect mated females over virgin
 females. Our results were compatible with the hypothesis that costs of
 infection drive the strength of response to mite risk. Female flies
 responded to parasite exposure with a 15.1% increase in MR, while exposed
 males showed a stronger response with a 31.3% increase in MR. Mated
 females increased their MR by 34.8% during mite exposure whereas virgin
 females experienced an increase of 61.2%. Our findings suggest that NCE of
 parasites can vary based on state-dependent costs of infection.
description: Respirometry measurements were made a Li-7000 infared analyzer
 (Li-Cor Biosciences), with a 30ul/min flow rate set by a MAVen-FT system
 (Sable Systems). Activity was simultaneously recorded using the infared
 analyzer in the MAVen-FT system. Flies were observed for 300 seconds (1
 observation / second) and the real-time flow rate was used to calculate a
 mean flow rate for each fly (CO2 prod uL/min). All time points were
 averaged for the activity of each fly (aribitrary voltage). Activity and
 CO2 production means were found using the expedata software. Flies were
 frozen following experiments so mass could be measured at a later
 time.
description: Respirometry data associated with the article titles
 "Extending the ecology of fear: parasite-mediated sexual selection
 drives host response to parasites". We measured the activity and rate
 of CO<sub>2</sub> production by <em>Drosophila
 nigrospiracula</em> flies at rest or exposed to an ectoparasite, the
 mite <em>Macrocheles subbadius</em>.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ghx3fff9
title: Database of Romanian cave invertebrates with a Red List of cave species and a list of hotspot/coldspot caves

description: The increasing human impact in Romanian caves raises the urgency of
 publishing a correct database of the strictly-adapted cave fauna. Previous
 attempts at indexing cave fauna and classifying caves by using their fauna
 opened many questions regarding the use of an incomplete list of cave
 species and mixed lists of troglobionts/stygobionts with
 troglophiles/stygophiles for ranking caves with priority for protection.
 It has also become obvious that there is a need to publish a list of
 Romanian cave species that are under threat. Cave species in Romania (and
 elsewhere) are endemic on small ranges, are unique and must be considered
 as important units for conservation. A cave must be equally protected if
 it has one or more rare and strictly endemic cave species. Although not
 exhaustive, we here provide the first checklist of Romanian
 troglobionts/stygobionts developed in the framework of the DARKFOOD and
 GROUNDWATERISK projects, coordinated by the “Emil Racovita” Institute of
 Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The GIS application was used to
 complement the checklist of cave species with data on caves and surface
 environments above the caves. Until complete data on species diversity and
 population sizes are made available for each cave, measures of
 conservation can be implemented, based on the presence/absence of cave
 species, while classifications of caves for protection, based on the
 number of species, must be avoided. We also propose a list of Romanian
 caves with fauna that are under threat and a tentative Red List of
 Romanian troglobiont/stygobionts. This is the first database with
 identified troglobiont and stygobiont species of Romania, with a critical
 analysis of their distribution inside the country. A list of caves that
 need protection for their rare and unique species and a tentative Red List
 of Romanian cave fauna are also added. A total of 173 species were
 identified, of which 77 troglobionts and 96 stygobionts are currently
 registered in 366 caves. The database is divided into two parts, one part
 with a list of troglobionts, their revised systematic position, cave name,
 cave code and geographic region; and the second part with the same
 information on stygobionts. The database represents the contribution of
 many active researchers, who are the authors of this paper and of review
 publications of many other authors of the "Emil Racoviță"
 Institute of Speleology.
description: In our database, a number of 366 caves with
 troglobionts/stygobionts were registered, but the number is higher because
 caves that belong to a larger underground system and caves which are
 located next to each other were registered as one
 entry. 77 troglobionts and 96 stygobionts are in the database, not
 considering the underscribed species. About 40% caves with fauna contain
 one troglobiont while about 70% caves with fauna are populated by one
 stygobiont.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3tx962g
title: Comparison of the temporal efficacy of Aquatain surface films for the control of Anopheles arabiensis and Ochlerotatus caspius larvae from Sudan

description: Aquatain Mosquito Formulation (AMF) is a surfactant that spreads across
 the surface of water bodies to produce a monomolecular film. This study
 experimentally evaluates the temporal efficacy of AMF against aquatic
 stages of Anopheles arabiensis and Ochlerotatus
 caspius under laboratory conditions. Using the recommended
 application does of 1ml/m2, a large species specific difference
 in the median lethal time for L3-L4 larvae was observed. The
 median lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) and 90% mortality (LT90) was
 1.3 hours, 95% CI [1.2, 1.4] and 3.8 hours, 95% CI [3.6,
 4.0] respectively for Oc. caspius. The
 corresponding values for An. arabiensis was 8.1
 hours, 95% CI [7.3, 9.0] and 59.6 hours, 95% CI [48.5,
 76.2]. Based on data from published laboratory studies for a
 total of seven mosquito species drawn from four genera results in the
 following three groups, [LT50=1-2 hours, Culex
 quinquefasciatus, Ochlerotatus caspius] [LT50=8-24,
 hours, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles arabiensis,
 Anopheles gambiae s.s] and [LT50 =72-143
 hours, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti,]. In
 all experiments 100% mortality was achieved given sufficient time. The
 potential relevance of mortality rate estimates in the context of other
 studies on the use of monomolecular films for the control of
 malaria and arbovirus diseases is discussed.
description: Raw data from experiments and data scraped from published
 graphs.
description: Excel file with all the data for the paper.