DOI: 10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcm6
title: Data from: Pollination deficits increase with urbanization in Chicago

description: Urban growth is occurring rapidly, and the land use changes associated
 with urbanization may have consequences for pollinators and the plants
 that rely on them. Despite its importance in the face of pollinator
 declines and expanding urban ecosystems, our understanding of the effects
 of urbanization on pollination mutualisms is scant. There is both evidence
 that urban areas support diverse pollinator communities and evidence that
 they degrade them. The influence of urbanization on the pollination of
 urban plants is even less understood. Urban agriculture relies on
 plant-pollinator interactions for crop production, providing a relevant
 framework to study pollination in an urban context. We therefore grew 240
 plants across six sites at varying levels of urbanization in Chicago,
 Illinois, to investigate how urbanization relates to pollination of a
 generalized pollination system in Cucurbita pepo (squash) and a more
 specialized pollination system in the buzz-pollinated Solanum lycopersicum
 (tomato). We used a pollen limitation experiment to test whether the
 reproduction of plants at urban farms is pollen-limited and whether the
 magnitude of pollen limitation varies with the extent of urbanization
 (quantified as the percent of surrounding impervious surface around each
 site). We also examined how pollinator visitation rates vary with
 urbanization. In S. lycopersicum but not C. pepo, the pollen addition
 treatment had a consistent and significant positive effect on reproductive
 success, indicating that plants of S. lycopersicum are pollen-limited in
 our study area. The magnitude of this pollen limitation (the difference in
 fruit set between paired control and pollen-supplemented plants) increased
 with greater impervious surface, illustrating that S. lycopersicum plants
 at more urban sites are more pollen-limited. The limited evidence for
 pollen limitation in the more generalized C. pepo suggests that plants
 with more specialized pollination systems are subject to greater pollen
 limitation in urban environments. Together, our results demonstrate that
 urban plants are likely experiencing deficits in pollination services, but
 in ways that vary with both the type of pollination system and the level
 of urbanization in the surrounding area.
description: # Pollination deficits increase with urbanization in Chicago
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcm6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.44j0zpcm6) ## Description of the data and file structure **gopro_obs.csv** : pollinator observations scored from GoPro videos date: date (mm/dd/yy) of observation site: observations were conducted at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken) time: time of day observation started length: length of video/observation period in minutes plant: identity of plant that was observed num.flowers: number of flowers observed pollinator: identity of pollinator observed num.visits: number of flowers visited by each pollinator **inperson_obs.csv** : pollinator observations carried out in person date: date (mm/dd/yy) of observation site: observations were conducted at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken) time: time of day observation started plant: identity of plant that was observed num.flowers: number of flowers observed pollinator: identity of pollinator observed num.visits: number of flowers visited by each pollinator Missing data: NA **tomato_fl.csv** : information collected on flowers and fruits from individual tomato plants date: date (mm/dd/yy) on which flowers were counted and fruits harvested site: plants were grown at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken) individual: unique ID assigned to each plant individual treatment: which group plant belonged to between control (open-pollinated) or supplement (received supplemental pollination) flowers: number of new flowers produced since last observation date num_harvest: number of fruits harvested num_failed: number of aborted ovaries observed since last observation date **tomato_seeds.csv** : data collected for individual fruits harvested from tomato plants site: plants were grown at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken) date_harvest: date (mm/dd/yy) on which fruit was harvested individual: unique ID assigned to each plant individual treatment: which group plant belonged to between control (open-pollinated) or supplement (received supplemental pollination) mass: mass of fruit in grams diameter: diameter of fruit in centimeters lg_seeds: number of large seeds per fruit sm_seeds: number of small seeds per fruit total: total number of seeds per fruit **squash_fl.csv** : information collected on flowers and fruits from individual squash plants date: date (mm/dd/yy) on which flowers were counted and fruits harvested site: plants were grown at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken) individual: unique ID assigned to each plant individual treatment: which group plant belonged to between control (open-pollinated) or supplement (received supplemental pollination) total_fl: number of new flowers produced since last observation date num_harvest: number of fruits harvested num_failed: number of aborted ovaries observed since last observation date **squash_seeds.csv** : data collected for individual fruits harvested from squash plants site: plants were grown at six study sites. Chicago Botanic Garden (cbg), Washington Park Farm (wpf), PCC Austin (pcc), Farm on Ogden/North Lawndale Youth Farm (foo), Legends Farm (leg), Kenneth Street Farm (ken) date_harvest: date (mm/dd/yy) on which fruit was harvested individual: unique ID assigned to each plant individual treatment: which group plant belonged to between control (open-pollinated) or supplement (received supplemental pollination) mass: mass of fruit in grams diameter: diameter of fruit in centimeters num_seeds: total number of seeds per fruit