cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923669
title: How prenatal head ultrasound reference ranges affect evaluation of possible fetal microcephaly

description: <b>Objectives:</b> Different fetal ultrasound (US) nomograms of the head circumference (HC) have been established; however, comparisons between the detection rates of microcephaly among US nomograms are few and inconsistent. We aimed to compare the prenatal diagnostic rate of fetal microcephaly (FM) among four widely used US nomograms of the fetal HC, when applied to the same group of fetuses. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively identified singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal HC &lt; 5th percentile for gestational age (GA) by US, without other risk factors for FM and with normal fetal brain MRI. Raw values of HC by US were converted to z-scores using four nomograms (Chervenak = <i>A</i>, Hadlock = <i>B</i>, Gelber = <i>C</i>, Papageorghiou = <i>D</i>). Z-scores value of the HC were classified as normal, possible normal, or microcephaly if values were &gt;−2, ≤ −2 and &gt;−3, or ≤ −3, respectively and compared among the four nomograms. <b>Results:</b> Fifty one fetuses at a mean (±SD) GA of 28 (±4) weeks were included. The four nomograms resulted in different z-score values of the fetal HC for the same subject (<i>p</i> C and <i>D</i> showed the highest agreement in classifying subjects as normal, possible normal, or with microcephaly (simple Kappa = 0.8915, % agreement = 94.1%), while <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> had the lowest agreement (simple Kappa = 0.0977, % agreement = 51.0%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the use of similar prenatal cutoff z-score values of the fetal HC, the four nomograms led to different diagnostic rates of FM. More consistent diagnostic criteria are therefore needed to define FM, especially in the absence of other risk factors for FM and normal fetal brain MRI, since the prenatal diagnosis can affect pregnancy management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923672.v1
title: Trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) expression and modulation of inflammatory cytokine production in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages: a novel mechanism for inflammation in ulcerative colitis

description: <b>Context: </b>Tissue resident macrophages and peripherally infiltrating macrophages play a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), though aberrant activation is implicated in inflammatory conditions, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Recent metabolomic studies indicate that tyramine (TYR) is elevated in the stool of patients with UC. TYR activates the mammalian trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Our previous work identified TAAR1 expression in mixed populations of immune cells, whereas a limited number of other studies have identified TAAR1-dependent effects in cytokine secretion and gene expression in T-cells and B-cells. <b>Objective: </b>To investigate whether TAAR1 may serve as a novel target for an anti-inflammatory therapeutic in UC, we explored TAAR1 expression in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and its upregulation and activation in response to LPS and TYR. <b>Results:</b> Here, we demonstrate for the first time that TAAR1 is expressed in BMDM and undergoes agonist-induced upregulation. Additionally, TYR elicits significant increases in inflammatory cytokine gene expression in non-polarized and LPS-polarized BMDM, and the TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB inhibits the TYR-mediated upregulation of TAAR1 and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in BMDM. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our data suggest that TAAR1 is a mediator of macrophage inflammation and a potential therapeutic target to attenuate UC symptomology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923645
title: Supplementary Material for: Colon Capsule Endoscopy versus CT Colonography in Patients with Large Non-Polypoid Tumours: A Multicentre Prospective Comparative Study (4CN Study)

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Non-polypoid colon lesions compared with polypoid lesions has a high malignant potential. The diagnostic performance of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and CT colonography (CTC) for large colorectal non-polypoid tumours, that is, laterally spreading tumours is still unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of CCE and CTC for the diagnosis of large non-polypoid tumours. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients referred for endoscopic submucosal dissection of non-polypoid tumours measuring ≥20 mm were enrolled. Patients first underwent CCE, then colonoscopy (without resection) and CTC on the same day. An experienced gastroenterologist in a third hospital evaluated the CCE and recorded the location, size and morphology of all lesions detected, blinded to the colonoscopic findings. An experienced radiologist read the CTC under the same conditions. Colonoscopic findings were defined as the reference. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 30 lesions (T1 cancer: 3, T<i>is</i> cancer: 7, adenoma: 14, sessile serrated adenoma/polyp: 6) in 27 patients were observed for evaluation. The capsule excretion rate within 8 h was 85% (23/27), and all capsules went beyond the target lesions. Non-polypoid tumours tend to be depicted as polypoid on CCE. Per patient sensitivities were 0.89 (24/27) by CCE and 0.70 (19/27) by CTC (<i>p</i> = 0.0253, McNemar), and per lesion sensitivities were 0.87 (26/30) and 0.67 (20/30) respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.0143). Most lesions missed by both modalities were located in the proximal colon. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Eighty-seven per cent of non-polypoid tumours were detected by CCE, and the sensitivity using CCE was higher than that obtained using CTC (UMIN0000014772).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923666.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Factors Impacting on Decision-Making towards Prophylactic Surgeries in <b><i>BRCA</i></b> Mutation Carriers and Women with Familial Predisposition

description: <b><i>Background/Objectives:</i></b> <i>BRCA</i> mutation carriers and women at high risk of breast/ovarian cancer are faced with the intricate question to opt for prophylactic surgeries and/or a periodic screening. The aim of this study was therefore to identify objective and emotional factors that have an impact on the decision-making process. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ninety-five women with <i>BRCA</i> mutations or women at increased breast/ovarian cancer lifetime risk were counseled at our outpatient department and either opted for prophylactic surgery or periodic screening. To identify the psychological factors that could have influenced the decision-making, a standardized questionnaire was applied. Additionally, clinical data were collected and were reviewed by a personal talk. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy-one of the patients opted for an increased surveillance only, 21 for prophylactic surgeries. Positive predictors for prophylactic surgeries were sociodemographic characteristics such as parity and objective variables such as verified mutation status. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the need for safety in health issues has been the only significant psychological predictor of surgery beyond the objective factors. Fear of surgical procedures, menopausal symptoms after surgery, loss of attractiveness, or fear of interferences with sexual life did not significantly affect decision-making. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Decision-making towards prophylactic surgeries is influenced by objective but also emotional factors. Knowing that fear and anxiety also have an important impact on decision-making, distinct counselling about the procedures, the subsequent risk reduction as well as the psychological effects of prophylactic surgeries are essential.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923669.v1
title: How prenatal head ultrasound reference ranges affect evaluation of possible fetal microcephaly

description: <b>Objectives:</b> Different fetal ultrasound (US) nomograms of the head circumference (HC) have been established; however, comparisons between the detection rates of microcephaly among US nomograms are few and inconsistent. We aimed to compare the prenatal diagnostic rate of fetal microcephaly (FM) among four widely used US nomograms of the fetal HC, when applied to the same group of fetuses. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively identified singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal HC &lt; 5th percentile for gestational age (GA) by US, without other risk factors for FM and with normal fetal brain MRI. Raw values of HC by US were converted to z-scores using four nomograms (Chervenak = <i>A</i>, Hadlock = <i>B</i>, Gelber = <i>C</i>, Papageorghiou = <i>D</i>). Z-scores value of the HC were classified as normal, possible normal, or microcephaly if values were &gt;−2, ≤ −2 and &gt;−3, or ≤ −3, respectively and compared among the four nomograms. <b>Results:</b> Fifty one fetuses at a mean (±SD) GA of 28 (±4) weeks were included. The four nomograms resulted in different z-score values of the fetal HC for the same subject (<i>p</i> C and <i>D</i> showed the highest agreement in classifying subjects as normal, possible normal, or with microcephaly (simple Kappa = 0.8915, % agreement = 94.1%), while <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> had the lowest agreement (simple Kappa = 0.0977, % agreement = 51.0%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the use of similar prenatal cutoff z-score values of the fetal HC, the four nomograms led to different diagnostic rates of FM. More consistent diagnostic criteria are therefore needed to define FM, especially in the absence of other risk factors for FM and normal fetal brain MRI, since the prenatal diagnosis can affect pregnancy management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923645.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Colon Capsule Endoscopy versus CT Colonography in Patients with Large Non-Polypoid Tumours: A Multicentre Prospective Comparative Study (4CN Study)

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Non-polypoid colon lesions compared with polypoid lesions has a high malignant potential. The diagnostic performance of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and CT colonography (CTC) for large colorectal non-polypoid tumours, that is, laterally spreading tumours is still unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of CCE and CTC for the diagnosis of large non-polypoid tumours. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients referred for endoscopic submucosal dissection of non-polypoid tumours measuring ≥20 mm were enrolled. Patients first underwent CCE, then colonoscopy (without resection) and CTC on the same day. An experienced gastroenterologist in a third hospital evaluated the CCE and recorded the location, size and morphology of all lesions detected, blinded to the colonoscopic findings. An experienced radiologist read the CTC under the same conditions. Colonoscopic findings were defined as the reference. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 30 lesions (T1 cancer: 3, T<i>is</i> cancer: 7, adenoma: 14, sessile serrated adenoma/polyp: 6) in 27 patients were observed for evaluation. The capsule excretion rate within 8 h was 85% (23/27), and all capsules went beyond the target lesions. Non-polypoid tumours tend to be depicted as polypoid on CCE. Per patient sensitivities were 0.89 (24/27) by CCE and 0.70 (19/27) by CTC (<i>p</i> = 0.0253, McNemar), and per lesion sensitivities were 0.87 (26/30) and 0.67 (20/30) respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.0143). Most lesions missed by both modalities were located in the proximal colon. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Eighty-seven per cent of non-polypoid tumours were detected by CCE, and the sensitivity using CCE was higher than that obtained using CTC (UMIN0000014772).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923567
title: MOESM9 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 9. Results of network construction based around differentially expressed miRNAs in EBOV- versus mock-infected human RPE cells.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923564
title: MOESM8 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 8. List of enriched gene ontology categories (biological process, molecular function) and KEGG pathways for biological targets of differentially expressed miRNAs in EBOV- versus mock-infected human RPE cells.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923567.v1
title: MOESM9 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 9. Results of network construction based around differentially expressed miRNAs in EBOV- versus mock-infected human RPE cells.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923555
title: MOESM5 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 5. List of predicted miRNA targets from Diana microT, miRDB and TargetScan databases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923558
title: MOESM6 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 6. List of validated miRNA targets from miRecords and miRTarBase databases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923561
title: MOESM7 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 7. List of differentially-expressed genes in human RPE cells at 24Â h following infection with EBOV or mock-infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923564.v1
title: MOESM8 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 8. List of enriched gene ontology categories (biological process, molecular function) and KEGG pathways for biological targets of differentially expressed miRNAs in EBOV- versus mock-infected human RPE cells.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923552
title: MOESM4 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 4. List of EBOV miRNAs expressed in human RPE cells at 24Â h following infection with EBOV or mock-infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923555.v1
title: MOESM5 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 5. List of predicted miRNA targets from Diana microT, miRDB and TargetScan databases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923558.v1
title: MOESM6 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 6. List of validated miRNA targets from miRecords and miRTarBase databases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923561.v1
title: MOESM7 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 7. List of differentially-expressed genes in human RPE cells at 24Â h following infection with EBOV or mock-infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923540
title: MOESM2 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 2. Lists of total and differentially expressed host miRNAs expressed in human RPE cells at 24Â h following infection with EBOV or mock-infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923552.v1
title: MOESM4 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 4. List of EBOV miRNAs expressed in human RPE cells at 24Â h following infection with EBOV or mock-infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923540.v1
title: MOESM2 of Expression of microRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells following infection with Zaire ebolavirus

description: Additional file 2. Lists of total and differentially expressed host miRNAs expressed in human RPE cells at 24Â h following infection with EBOV or mock-infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923504
title: MOESM7 of Genomic analysis of the tryptome reveals molecular mechanisms of gland cell evolution

description: Additional file 7. Trypsin protein IDs from all taxa examined in this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923504.v1
title: MOESM7 of Genomic analysis of the tryptome reveals molecular mechanisms of gland cell evolution

description: Additional file 7. Trypsin protein IDs from all taxa examined in this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923480
title: MOESM4 of Genomic analysis of the tryptome reveals molecular mechanisms of gland cell evolution

description: Additional file 4. Excel file tabulating: presence/absence of signal peptides and transmembrane domains in N. vectensis trypsins, amino acid sequences for trypsin catalytic domains for all taxa, pfam IDs for all domains, and a summary of single-cell expression of trypsins published previously [16].
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923480.v1
title: MOESM4 of Genomic analysis of the tryptome reveals molecular mechanisms of gland cell evolution

description: Additional file 4. Excel file tabulating: presence/absence of signal peptides and transmembrane domains in N. vectensis trypsins, amino acid sequences for trypsin catalytic domains for all taxa, pfam IDs for all domains, and a summary of single-cell expression of trypsins published previously [16].
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923132
title: fulldata_stata.dta

description: <b>Context:</b> Health policy has long been preoccupied with the problem that health insurance stimulates spending (“moral hazard”). However, much health spending is costly healthcare that uninsured individuals could not otherwise access. Field studies comparing those with more or less insurance cannot disaggregate moral hazard versus access. Moreover, studies of patients consuming routine low-dollar healthcare are not informative for the high-dollar healthcare that drives most of aggregate healthcare spending in the United States. <b>Methods: </b>We test indemnities as an alternative theory-driven counterfactual. Such conditional cash transfers would maintain an opportunity cost for patients, unlike standard insurance, but also guarantee access to the care. Since indemnities do not exist in U.S. healthcare, we fielded two blinded vignette-based survey experiments with 3,000 respondents, randomized to eight clinical vignettes and three insurance types. Our replication uses a population that is weighted to national demographics on three dimensions. <b>Findings: </b>Most or all of the spending due to insurance would occur even under an indemnity. The waste attributable to moral hazard is undetectable. <b>Conclusions: </b>For high-cost care, policymakers should be more concerned about the foregone efficient spending for those lacking full insurance, rather than the wasteful spending that occurs with full insurance. <b> </b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9923132.v1
title: fulldata_stata.dta

description: <b>Context:</b> Health policy has long been preoccupied with the problem that health insurance stimulates spending (“moral hazard”). However, much health spending is costly healthcare that uninsured individuals could not otherwise access. Field studies comparing those with more or less insurance cannot disaggregate moral hazard versus access. Moreover, studies of patients consuming routine low-dollar healthcare are not informative for the high-dollar healthcare that drives most of aggregate healthcare spending in the United States. <b>Methods: </b>We test indemnities as an alternative theory-driven counterfactual. Such conditional cash transfers would maintain an opportunity cost for patients, unlike standard insurance, but also guarantee access to the care. Since indemnities do not exist in U.S. healthcare, we fielded two blinded vignette-based survey experiments with 3,000 respondents, randomized to eight clinical vignettes and three insurance types. Our replication uses a population that is weighted to national demographics on three dimensions. <b>Findings: </b>Most or all of the spending due to insurance would occur even under an indemnity. The waste attributable to moral hazard is undetectable. <b>Conclusions: </b>For high-cost care, policymakers should be more concerned about the foregone efficient spending for those lacking full insurance, rather than the wasteful spending that occurs with full insurance. <b> </b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9922742
title: List of Key China-India Negotiations over the Border Dispute

description: A catalog of the formal negotiations and notable treaties between China and India concerning their border dispute which have taken place up to January 2019. Several informal talks and leaders summits in which the border dispute was discussed are not included here
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9922760.v2
title: Data deposition for El Nino diversity

description: SSTA composite: SSTA_4type_copmposite.ncU1000 composite: U1000_4type_copmposite.ncH20 composite: H20_4type_copmposite.ncU1000(NCEP) and SSTA trend(running mean):background_runningmean.ncheat budget analysis:TempA_monthly.nc;TempA_monthly.nc;WA_monthly.ncCMIP5 data for eight models:CMIP5_SBW_data.xlsxdecadal change of ocean temperature:decadalchange_oceantemp.ncRelatinship betwen the mean-state zonal SSTA gradient and WP SSTA During El Nino onset:the mean-state zonal SSTA gradient.xlsx
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9922736
title: Datasets supporting the paper entitled "Precipitation controls the timing of peak photosynthesis of Tibetan alpine grasslands"

description: We investigated the spatial-temporal pattern of peak photosynthesis date (PPD) and its climatic controls over Tibetan alpine grasslands for the period 2001-2016.The PPD is calculated as the date when the NDVI value reaches its annual maxima.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9922736.v1
title: Datasets supporting the paper entitled "Precipitation controls the timing of peak photosynthesis of Tibetan alpine grasslands"

description: We investigated the spatial-temporal pattern of peak photosynthesis date (PPD) and its climatic controls over Tibetan alpine grasslands for the period 2001-2016.The PPD is calculated as the date when the NDVI value reaches its annual maxima.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9922754.v2
title: Data deposition for El Nino diversity

description: SSTA composite: SSTA_4type_copmposite.ncU1000 composite: U1000_4type_copmposite.ncH20 composite: H20_4type_copmposite.ncU1000(NCEP) and SSTA trend(running mean):background_runningmean.ncheat budget analysis:TempA_monthly.nc;TempA_monthly.nc;WA_monthly.ncCMIP5 data for eight models:CMIP5_SBW_data.xlsxdecadal change of ocean temperature:decadalchange_oceantemp.ncRelatinship betwen the mean-state zonal SSTA gradient and WP SSTA During El Nino onset:the mean-state zonal SSTA gradient.xlsx
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9922760.v1
title: Data deposition for El Nino diversity

description: SSTA composite: SSTA_4type_copmposite.ncU1000 composite: U1000_4type_copmposite.ncH20 composite: H20_4type_copmposite.ncU1000(NCEP) and SSTA trend(running mean):background_runningmean.ncheat budget analysis:TempA_monthly.nc;TempA_monthly.nc;WA_monthly.ncCMIP5 data for eight models:CMIP5_SBW_data.xlsxdecadal change of ocean temperature:decadalchange_oceantemp.ncRelatinship betwen the mean-state zonal SSTA gradient and WP SSTA During El Nino onset:the mean-state zonal SSTA gradient.xlsx