cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840513
title: Sampling Goldenrod plant population with transect, and trait sampling techniques

description: Methods: In order to familiarize with sampling techniques, and equipment, field training with Goldenrod population sampling was conducted on York University grasslands.50 Goldenrod samples were studied in a 30 m area along a randomly placed transect tape, within 50 cm radius from the tape.Distance of each sample from zero end of the tape was recorded, in addition to height of a plant measured from ground to the highest point of it, even if it was a leaf or flower not only stem. number of leaves from the bottom, and number of flowers were counted and recorded, excluding dry, brown leaves, and dead flowers, as well as bourgeons less than 1cm. Patch density was also assessed by counting other plants within 50cm radius in a scale as: 0 - open; 1 - 1 to 3 plants nearby; 2 - 4 to 6 plants nearby; 3 - 7 to 9 plants, 4 - very crowded patch with 10 and more plants nearby. excluding weeds and grass.<br><br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840516
title: Ecology Studies on Tree Conditions in Woodlot Area

description: Methods: numerical data captured by using measuring tape. Conditions were cloudless, blue, sunny skies at the Keele Reservior, York University. Results captured on paper and inputted digitally. More information inside Meta-Data document.<br><br>Hypothesis: The closer (less measured distance) between two trees, the more likely that one of them is dead.<br><br>Predictions:<br>1. Distance affects Condition.<br>2. Trees with larger DBHs are more likely to be alive.<br>3. Approximately 30% of trees will be dead, and 70% of trees will be alive.<br><br>Note: CSV file types does not allow for multiple sheets. Therefore document split into Data and Meta-Data separately.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840516.v1
title: Ecology Studies on Tree Conditions in Woodlot Area

description: Methods: numerical data captured by using measuring tape. Conditions were cloudless, blue, sunny skies at the Keele Reservior, York University. Results captured on paper and inputted digitally. More information inside Meta-Data document.<br><br>Hypothesis: The closer (less measured distance) between two trees, the more likely that one of them is dead.<br><br>Predictions:<br>1. Distance affects Condition.<br>2. Trees with larger DBHs are more likely to be alive.<br>3. Approximately 30% of trees will be dead, and 70% of trees will be alive.<br><br>Note: CSV file types does not allow for multiple sheets. Therefore document split into Data and Meta-Data separately.<br>
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/te9gys
title: mea20150913_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840495
title: Woodlot Dataset 3: Field Training of Adult Trees

description: Meta data: Replicates: A total of 20 adult trees were randomly selected in the Saywell woodlot. The adult trees were chosen based on them being double the researcher’s height (5 ft 4 in). Distance between tree pair: This continuous variable was used to measure the distance between two adult tree pairs using a transect measuring tape (cm). Diameter at breast height: This continuous variable was used to calculate the diameter at breast height of each tree trunk by using a measuring tape (cm). Condition: This ordinal variable was used to examine the condition of each tree based on a scale from 0-2. 0= dead 1=living 2= huge green canopy. Description: On September 19<sup>th</sup>, 2016 a study was conducted at the Saywell woodlot located at York University with researcher, Moses. The study was performed from 3:00 to 4:45 pm on a sunny day with a temperature of 25 <b>°</b>C. However, the woodlot contained multiple large trees with wide canopies that limited the amount of sunlight that entered the area. The data for the study was collected by randomly selecting 20 adult trees. Each adult tree was twice the height of the researcher (5 ft 4 in). The distance between each tree pair was measured using a transect measuring tape in centimeters. The diameter at breast height of each tree trunk was also measured with a measuring tape in centimeters. Each tree was then evaluated on its condition using a 0-2 number scale. The number 0 represented a dead tree, number 2 meant the tree was living whereas, 3 indicated the tree contained a large green canopy. Hypothesis/Prediction: The larger the diameter at breast height (dbh) of a tree, the more likely it is classified as containing a huge green canopy. A larger dbh indicates that the tree is stronger and is able to store more food reserves such as nutrients compared to trees with lower dbh. The more food it obtains, the greater the growth of branches and healthy green leaves. It was predicted that the hypothesis is true due to the fact that trees with low dbh, will have less space to store food that is essential for their growth.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/yvjt6a
title: mea20161119_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840495.v1
title: Woodland Dataset 3: Field Training with Adult Trees

description: Meta data: Replicates: A total of 20 adult trees were randomly selected in the Saywell woodlot. The adult trees were chosen based on them being double the researcher’s height (5 ft 4 in). Distance between tree pair: This continuous variable was used to measure the distance between two adult tree pairs using a transect measuring tape (cm). Diameter at breast height: This continuous variable was used to calculate the diameter at breast height of each tree trunk by using a measuring tape (cm). Condition: This ordinal variable was used to examine the condition of each tree based on a scale from 0-2. 0= dead 1=living 2= huge green canopy. Description: On September 19<sup>th</sup>, 2016 a study was conducted at the Saywell woodlot located at York University with researcher, Moses. The study was performed from 3:00 to 4:45 pm on a sunny day with a temperature of 25 <b>°</b>C. However, the woodlot contained multiple large trees with wide canopies that limited the amount of sunlight that entered the area. The data for the study was collected by randomly selecting 20 adult trees. Each adult tree was twice the height of the researcher (5 ft 4 in). The distance between each tree pair was measured using a transect measuring tape in centimeters. The diameter at breast height of each tree trunk was also measured with a measuring tape in centimeters. Each tree was then evaluated on its condition using a 0-2 number scale. The number 0 represented a dead tree, number 2 meant the tree was living whereas, 3 indicated the tree contained a large green canopy. Hypothesis/Prediction: The larger the diameter at breast height (dbh) of a tree, the more likely it is classified as containing a huge green canopy. A larger dbh indicates that the tree is stronger and is able to store more food reserves such as nutrients compared to trees with lower dbh. The more food it obtains, the greater the growth of branches and healthy green leaves. It was predicted that the hypothesis is true due to the fact that trees with low dbh, will have less space to store food that is essential for their growth.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/4fxbct
title: mea20150707_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840489
title: The diversity of plants correlating to the amount of grass covered within the grasslands of York University

description: <b>Hypothesis:</b>As the amount of diversity of plants within a quadrat increases, the amount of grass would decrease.<b><br></b><b>Predictions:</b>1. When there are many types of plants within a quadrat, there plants would cover more of the quadrat area therefore less grass covering.2. When there are few types of plants within a quadrat, there would be less plant cover within the quadrat therefore more grass covering. <b><br></b><b>Methods:</b>A quadrat was dropped at random areas within the grassland, the number of diverse plants was calculated by visually analyzing. The amount of plants were estimated in percentage along with the amount of grass covering calculated relative to one another in the quadrat. The abundance was calculated by estimating the amount of grass within a quadrat and then adding that value to the amount of plants also within the quadrat This process was repeated 25 times. <br><b>Meta Data:</b><br>Diversity - visually identifying the different plants present within the quadrat and quantifying the amount of diverse plants within the specific quadrant.<br>Abundance - the amount of grass covering a quarter of the quadrat was estimated and then multiplied by four. This value was then added to the number of plants also within the quadrat. <br>Total grass cover - visually analyzing and comparing the amount of plant versus the amount of grass covering the quadrat where a value was estimated. <br>Total plant cover - after visually analyzing and estimating a percentage for the total grass cover, the percentage for plant cover was calculated relative to the total grass cover.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840495.v3
title: Woodlot Dataset 3: Field Training of Adult Trees

description: Meta data: Replicates: A total of 20 adult trees were randomly selected in the Saywell woodlot. The adult trees were chosen based on them being double the researcher’s height (5 ft 4 in). Distance between tree pair: This continuous variable was used to measure the distance between two adult tree pairs using a transect measuring tape (cm). Diameter at breast height: This continuous variable was used to calculate the diameter at breast height of each tree trunk by using a measuring tape (cm). Condition: This ordinal variable was used to examine the condition of each tree based on a scale from 0-2. 0= dead 1=living 2= huge green canopy. Description: On September 19<sup>th</sup>, 2016 a study was conducted at the Saywell woodlot located at York University with researcher, Moses. The study was performed from 3:00 to 4:45 pm on a sunny day with a temperature of 25 <b>°</b>C. However, the woodlot contained multiple large trees with wide canopies that limited the amount of sunlight that entered the area. The data for the study was collected by randomly selecting 20 adult trees. Each adult tree was twice the height of the researcher (5 ft 4 in). The distance between each tree pair was measured using a transect measuring tape in centimeters. The diameter at breast height of each tree trunk was also measured with a measuring tape in centimeters. Each tree was then evaluated on its condition using a 0-2 number scale. The number 0 represented a dead tree, number 2 meant the tree was living whereas, 3 indicated the tree contained a large green canopy. Hypothesis/Prediction: The larger the diameter at breast height (dbh) of a tree, the more likely it is classified as containing a huge green canopy. A larger dbh indicates that the tree is stronger and is able to store more food reserves such as nutrients compared to trees with lower dbh. The more food it obtains, the greater the growth of branches and healthy green leaves. It was predicted that the hypothesis is true due to the fact that trees with low dbh, will have less space to store food that is essential for their growth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840489.v1
title: The diversity of plants correlating to the amount of grass covered within the grasslands of York University

description: <b>Hypothesis:</b>As the amount of diversity of plants within a quadrat increases, the amount of grass would decrease.<b><br></b><b>Predictions:</b>1. When there are many types of plants within a quadrat, there plants would cover more of the quadrat area therefore less grass covering.2. When there are few types of plants within a quadrat, there would be less plant cover within the quadrat therefore more grass covering. <b><br></b><b>Methods:</b>A quadrat was dropped at random areas within the grassland, the number of diverse plants was calculated by visually analyzing. The amount of plants were estimated in percentage along with the amount of grass covering calculated relative to one another in the quadrat. The abundance was calculated by estimating the amount of grass within a quadrat and then adding that value to the amount of plants also within the quadrat This process was repeated 25 times. <br><b>Meta Data:</b><br>Diversity - visually identifying the different plants present within the quadrat and quantifying the amount of diverse plants within the specific quadrant.<br>Abundance - the amount of grass covering a quarter of the quadrat was estimated and then multiplied by four. This value was then added to the number of plants also within the quadrat. <br>Total grass cover - visually analyzing and comparing the amount of plant versus the amount of grass covering the quadrat where a value was estimated. <br>Total plant cover - after visually analyzing and estimating a percentage for the total grass cover, the percentage for plant cover was calculated relative to the total grass cover.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840495.v2
title: Woodland Dataset 3: Field Training of Adult Trees

description: Meta data: Replicates: A total of 20 adult trees were randomly selected in the Saywell woodlot. The adult trees were chosen based on them being double the researcher’s height (5 ft 4 in). Distance between tree pair: This continuous variable was used to measure the distance between two adult tree pairs using a transect measuring tape (cm). Diameter at breast height: This continuous variable was used to calculate the diameter at breast height of each tree trunk by using a measuring tape (cm). Condition: This ordinal variable was used to examine the condition of each tree based on a scale from 0-2. 0= dead 1=living 2= huge green canopy. Description: On September 19<sup>th</sup>, 2016 a study was conducted at the Saywell woodlot located at York University with researcher, Moses. The study was performed from 3:00 to 4:45 pm on a sunny day with a temperature of 25 <b>°</b>C. However, the woodlot contained multiple large trees with wide canopies that limited the amount of sunlight that entered the area. The data for the study was collected by randomly selecting 20 adult trees. Each adult tree was twice the height of the researcher (5 ft 4 in). The distance between each tree pair was measured using a transect measuring tape in centimeters. The diameter at breast height of each tree trunk was also measured with a measuring tape in centimeters. Each tree was then evaluated on its condition using a 0-2 number scale. The number 0 represented a dead tree, number 2 meant the tree was living whereas, 3 indicated the tree contained a large green canopy. Hypothesis/Prediction: The larger the diameter at breast height (dbh) of a tree, the more likely it is classified as containing a huge green canopy. A larger dbh indicates that the tree is stronger and is able to store more food reserves such as nutrients compared to trees with lower dbh. The more food it obtains, the greater the growth of branches and healthy green leaves. It was predicted that the hypothesis is true due to the fact that trees with low dbh, will have less space to store food that is essential for their growth.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/7dpvg8
title: mea20150620_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/x4q6gi
title: mea20150710_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/wo6twh
title: mea20161005_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/54r0ow
title: mea20160320_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840450
title: Physical Adult Tree Condition as Related to Separation Distance from Other Trees and Diameter at Breast Height.

description: Distance Between Trees – distance is measured using a tape measure from the centre of each adult tree trunk at breast height. Unit is cm. Dhb 1 – Abbreviation for diameter at breast height. Measured using a tape measure. Unit is cm. The 1 indicates the first individual tree being measured. Dhb 2 - Abbreviation for diameter at breast height. Measured using a tape measure. Unit is cm. The 2 indicates the second individual tree being measured. Condition 1 – The physical quality of the first individual adult tree being observed. Dead – 0, Living -1, Living with large green canopy -2 as determined visually. Condition 2 - The physical quality of the second individual adult tree being observed. Dead – 0, Living -1, Living with large green canopy -2 as determined visually. This data was collected on September 19<sup>th</sup> 2016 from 3:40 pm – 4:20 pm at a Saywell Woodlot at York University’s Keele campus by a lab team consisting of three members – Sophia, Didar and Karandeep. The temperature outside was 28 degrees Celsius. The wind speed was 16 km/h . There was direct sunlight with no interference from clouds. Using a 30m long tape measure, a straight transect was placed from an outskirt of the woodland toward the centre of the woodland. Adult woody trees, approximately 4 m in height or larger – as determined visually – were found along this transect. Using the transect tape measure, the continuous variable, distance between two randomly selected adult trees, was measured and recorded. An additional tape measure was used to measure the second continuous variable, the diameter at breast height of the tree. This tape measure was held up to the trunk of the tree at breast height and the diameter was visually determined and recorded. The condition of the adult trees selected was then recorded as dead, living, or living with large green canopy. This categorical variable was determined visually. This process was repeated 10 times with 20 randomly selected adult trees along the initial transect line. It was hypothesized that adult trees with a smaller trunk diameter and closer in position to other adult trees would be in worse physical condition. Experimental errors include error reading the numerical values of the tape measures visually as well as the transect tape measure not being in an absolutely straight line.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/coyzpp
title: mea20151220_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840450.v1
title: Physical Adult Tree Condition as Related to Separation Distance from Other Trees and Diameter at Breast Height.

description: Distance Between Trees – distance is measured using a tape measure from the centre of each adult tree trunk at breast height. Unit is cm. Dhb 1 – Abbreviation for diameter at breast height. Measured using a tape measure. Unit is cm. The 1 indicates the first individual tree being measured. Dhb 2 - Abbreviation for diameter at breast height. Measured using a tape measure. Unit is cm. The 2 indicates the second individual tree being measured. Condition 1 – The physical quality of the first individual adult tree being observed. Dead – 0, Living -1, Living with large green canopy -2 as determined visually. Condition 2 - The physical quality of the second individual adult tree being observed. Dead – 0, Living -1, Living with large green canopy -2 as determined visually. This data was collected on September 19<sup>th</sup> 2016 from 3:40 pm – 4:20 pm at a Saywell Woodlot at York University’s Keele campus by a lab team consisting of three members – Sophia, Didar and Karandeep. The temperature outside was 28 degrees Celsius. The wind speed was 16 km/h . There was direct sunlight with no interference from clouds. Using a 30m long tape measure, a straight transect was placed from an outskirt of the woodland toward the centre of the woodland. Adult woody trees, approximately 4 m in height or larger – as determined visually – were found along this transect. Using the transect tape measure, the continuous variable, distance between two randomly selected adult trees, was measured and recorded. An additional tape measure was used to measure the second continuous variable, the diameter at breast height of the tree. This tape measure was held up to the trunk of the tree at breast height and the diameter was visually determined and recorded. The condition of the adult trees selected was then recorded as dead, living, or living with large green canopy. This categorical variable was determined visually. This process was repeated 10 times with 20 randomly selected adult trees along the initial transect line. It was hypothesized that adult trees with a smaller trunk diameter and closer in position to other adult trees would be in worse physical condition. Experimental errors include error reading the numerical values of the tape measures visually as well as the transect tape measure not being in an absolutely straight line.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840429
title: Plot Files for Motion Analysis of a Device Including a Disk and Two Slender Bars With a Design Change for Full Disk Revolution

description: Python scripts and data files to generate 3 panels with 4 plots showing various kinematical parameters for motion analysis of a planar mechanism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840444
title: The interaction of beta-lactoglobulin with ciprofloxacin and kanamycin; a spectroscopic and molecular modeling approach

description: A vast research has been conducted to find suitable and safe carriers for vital and pH-sensitive drugs including antibiotics. This article reports the use of easily accessible and abundant purified beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) protein as the potential carrier of widely used Kanamycin (<b>Kana</b>) and Ciprofloxacin (<b>Cip</b>) antibiotics. Spectroscopic techniques (Fluorescence, UV–vis, Circular Dichroism) combined with molecular docking were used to determine the binding mechanism of these drugs. Fluorescence studies showed moderate binding affinity with the calculated binding constants <i>K</i><sub>Cip</sub> = 60.1 (±0.2) × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> and <i>K</i><sub>kana</sub> = 2.5 (±0.6) × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> with the order of <b>Cip</b> &gt; <b>Kana</b>. Results of UV–vis were consistent with fluorescence measurements and demonstrated a stronger complexation for <b>Cip</b> rather than <b>Kana</b>. The secondary structure of β-LG was preserved upon interaction with <b>Kana</b>; however, a reduction in β-sheet content from 39.1 to 31.9% was convoyed with an increase in α-helix from 12.8 to 20.5% due to complexation of <b>Cip</b>. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that preferred binding sites of these drugs are not the same and several amino acids are involved in stabilizing the interaction. Based on the achieved results, <b>Kana</b> and <b>Cip</b> can spontaneously bind to β-LG and this protein may serve as their transport vehicle.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/578fjx
title: mea20150505_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840444.v1
title: The interaction of beta-lactoglobulin with ciprofloxacin and kanamycin; a spectroscopic and molecular modeling approach

description: A vast research has been conducted to find suitable and safe carriers for vital and pH-sensitive drugs including antibiotics. This article reports the use of easily accessible and abundant purified beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) protein as the potential carrier of widely used Kanamycin (<b>Kana</b>) and Ciprofloxacin (<b>Cip</b>) antibiotics. Spectroscopic techniques (Fluorescence, UV–vis, Circular Dichroism) combined with molecular docking were used to determine the binding mechanism of these drugs. Fluorescence studies showed moderate binding affinity with the calculated binding constants <i>K</i><sub>Cip</sub> = 60.1 (±0.2) × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> and <i>K</i><sub>kana</sub> = 2.5 (±0.6) × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> with the order of <b>Cip</b> &gt; <b>Kana</b>. Results of UV–vis were consistent with fluorescence measurements and demonstrated a stronger complexation for <b>Cip</b> rather than <b>Kana</b>. The secondary structure of β-LG was preserved upon interaction with <b>Kana</b>; however, a reduction in β-sheet content from 39.1 to 31.9% was convoyed with an increase in α-helix from 12.8 to 20.5% due to complexation of <b>Cip</b>. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that preferred binding sites of these drugs are not the same and several amino acids are involved in stabilizing the interaction. Based on the achieved results, <b>Kana</b> and <b>Cip</b> can spontaneously bind to β-LG and this protein may serve as their transport vehicle.