cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr81b
title: Nutrient content of Northern bobwhite arthropod prey collected in Western OK

description: Insectivores gain macronutrients and elements from consuming arthropod
 prey, but must also deal with indigestible components (i.e., exoskeleton)
 of prey. For example, avian chicks (e.g. northern bobwhites; Colinus
 virginianus) have limited gut space, and ingesting prey with relatively
 higher proportions of indigestible components may impact assimilation
 efficiency, growth, and survival. The ability of insectivores to choose
 higher quality prey would depend on prey taxa varying consistently in
 nutritional content. We tested if there were consistent differences among
 taxonomic orders of arthropod prey in their macronutrient (protein and
 lipid), elemental (C and N), and exoskeleton content. We used northern
 bobwhite chicks as our focal insectivore and focused on their potential
 prey as a case study. We also tested the influence of indigestible
 exoskeleton on the measurement of macronutrient content and the ability of
 elemental content to predict macronutrients. We found large and consistent
 variation in macronutrient and elemental content within and between
 arthropod orders. Some orders had consistently high protein content and
 low exoskeleton content (i.e., Araneae) and are likely higher quality prey
 for insectivores. Abundant orders common in the diets of insectivores,
 like Hymenoptera and Coleoptera, had high exoskeleton content and low
 protein content. We also found support for the ability of elements to
 predict macronutrients, and found that metabolizable (i.e. exoskeleton
 removed) elemental content better predicted macronutrient content. A
 better understanding of arthropod nutrient content is critical for
 elucidating the role of spatial and temporal variation in prey communities
 in shaping the growth and survival of insectivores.
description: Protein data was collected by Lowry and Bradford assays using
 Bovine (IgG) for standard curves. Lipid data collected by gravimetric
 chloroform extraction, and elemental data collected by combustion in an
 Elementar. Exoskeleton data collected by dissolving soft tissue in 0.1M
 NaOH.
DOI: 10.57841/casdc.0007102
title: 氧杂环烯烃氢烷基化反应过程数据和测试表征数据
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1zcrjdfsc
title: Genotype data of 970 Pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) in Russia and neighbouring countries at 385 gene loci covering the nuclear and organelle genome

description: The data set is the result of genetic inventory on 970 Pedunculate oak
 trees from 97 locations in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Latvia
 representing the eastern part of the natural species range. The data set
 includes the sample IDs, geographic coordinates of each sampled tree
 (longitude and latitude in decimal degrees) and the genotype data. All
 samples were screened with a set of 385 gene markers covering the nuclear
 (n=364) and the organelle genomes (chloroplast: n=14, mitochondria: n=7)
 by use of a genotyping by sequencing approach. With exception of three
 INDELs (Insert and Deletion mutations) all gene markers are SNPs (Single
 nucleotide Polymorphism).
description: At each location ten
 individual trees were collected. The majority of the samples (85
 locations) were collected in natural forest stands and in artificial
 regenerated stands (7 locations). We set a minimum diameter of 20 cm at
 breast height and trees separated by a minimum of 50m to reduce the
 probability to collect related trees. For five locations the material has
 been collected in a provenance trial which was created in the USSR under
 the supervision of A. M. Shutyaev on the territory of the Krapivensky
 forest enterprise-college by employees of the Research Institute of Forest
 Genetics and Breeding in 1976-1977. All samples were screened with a
 set of 385 gene markers covering the nuclear (n=364) and the organelle
 genomes (chloroplast: n=14, mitochondria: n=7) by use of a genotyping by
 sequencing approach. With exception of three INDELs (Insert and Deletion
 mutations) all gene markers are SNPs (Single nucleotide Polymorphism). The
 details of the used gene markers are given by Degen et al.
 (2021).
description: The genotype of each
 individual is one row in the table “genotypes” in the EXCEL-file. The
 genotypes at the nuclear markers are diploid and represented by two
 columns per gene marker. The genetic information at the organelle genome
 is haploid. For each of these gene markers one column is used. Genotypes
 are coded by Arabic numbers. The meaning of the numbers is explained in
 the table “coding genotypes” in the EXCEL-file.
DOI: 10.6078/d11m7f
title: Joint effects of genes underlying a temperature specialization tradeoff in yeast

description: A central goal of evolutionary genetics is to understand, at the molecular
 level, how organisms adapt to their environments. For a given trait, the
 answer often involves the acquisition of variants at unlinked sites across
 the genome. Genomic methods have achieved landmark successes in
 pinpointing adaptive loci. To figure out how a suite of adaptive alleles
 work together, and to what extent they can reconstitute the phenotype of
 interest, requires their transfer into an exogenous background. We studied
 the joint effect of adaptive, gain-of-function thermotolerance alleles at
 eight unlinked genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when introduced into a
 thermosensitive sister species, S. paradoxus. Although the loci damped
 each other’s beneficial impact (that is, they were subject to negative
 epistasis), most boosted high-temperature growth alone and in combination,
 and none was deleterious. The complete set of eight genes was sufficient
 to confer ~15% of the S. cerevisiae phenotype in the S. paradoxus
 background. The same loci also contributed to a heretofore unknown
 advantage in cold growth by S. paradoxus. Together, our data establish
 temperature resistance in yeasts as a model case of a genetically complex
 evolutionary tradeoff, which can be partly reconstituted from the
 sequential assembly of unlinked underlying loci.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xdv
title: Data from: A new golden species of Diasporus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from southwestern Colombia, with evaluation of the phylogenetic significance of morphological characters in Diasporus

description: A new species of Diasporus is described from the
 lowlands of southwestern Colombia. The new species, along
 with Diasporus citrinobapheus, D. gularis,
 and D. tigrillo is the only species in this
 genus known to exhibit a yellowish coloration in life. The new
 species differs from all other congeners in having two chrome orange spots
 (=glandlike protrusions) on sacral region, smooth ventral skin, basal
 webbing between the toes, and distal papillae at tips of disc covers on
 fingers II–IV and toes II–IV. Further, the new species differs from all
 congeners by an uncorrected p-distance of &gt;5.56%
 of the 16S rRNA gene fragment examined. In addition to the new species
 described herein, we demonstrated that the possession of a yellowish
 coloration in life optimizes unambiguously as a synapomorphy of a clade
 within Diasporus, which may be recognized as
 the Diasporus diastema species group. We also discussed
 the phylogenetic significance of two morphological characters previously
 considered of systematic value in Diasporus, the occurrence of
 oval palmar tubercles (undivided) and longitudinal folds (of the vocal
 sacs) on the throat. On this basis, we demonstrated that these characters
 appear to be symplesiomorphies rather than synapomorphies
 of Diasporus. Regarding pointed disc covers (ungual flap) present
 in some species of Diasporus, we show that this character
 conflates various characters, involving variation in pad shape, dorsal
 outline of the disc (ungual flap), and dependence between discs of
 different digits. Finally, considering that phenotypic data are a valuable
 source of evidence in testing phylogenetic hypotheses of terraranan frogs,
 we encourage future research to incorporate phenotypic evidence into
 phylogenetic studies involved in the genus Diasporus.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dv41nxr
title: Negative relationship between thermal tolerance and plasticity in tolerance emerges during experimental evolution in a widespread marine invertebrate

description: Whether populations can adapt to predicted climate change conditions, and
 how rapidly, are critical questions for the management of natural systems.
 Experimental evolution has become an important tool to answer these
 questions. In order to provide useful, realistic insights into the
 adaptive response of populations to climate change, there needs to be
 careful consideration of how genetic differentiation and phenotypic
 plasticity interact to generate observed phenotypic changes. We
 exposed three populations of the widespread
 copepod Acartia tonsa (Crustacea) to chronic, sub-lethal
 temperature selection for 15 generations. We generated thermal
 survivorship curves at regular intervals both during and after this period
 of selection to track the evolution of thermal tolerance. Using reciprocal
 transplants between ambient and warming conditions, we also tracked
 changes in the strength of phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance. We
 observed significant increases in thermal tolerance in the warming
 lineages, while plasticity in thermal tolerance was strongly
 reduced. 
description: We exposed three populations of the widespread copepod <i>Acartia tonsa </i>(Crustacea) to chronic, sub-lethal temperature selection for 15 generations. We generated thermal survivorship curves at regular intervals both during and after this period of selection to track the evolution of thermal tolerance. Using reciprocal transplants between ambient and warming conditions, we also tracked changes in the strength of phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance. Here, we provide the survivorship data used to estimate the curves and all associated code. This includes code to both analyze and visualize the data. 
description: Data and code are provided in an R Project folder structure. If
 replicating the analyses, we recommend that you open the .Rproj folder
 first to initiate the R session, then open the .R script file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmq5
title: Genomic evidence for speciation with gene flow in broadcast spawning marine invertebrates

description: How early stages of speciation in free-spawning marine invertebrates
 proceeds is poorly understood. The Western Pacific abalones, Hatiois
 discus, H. madaka, and H. gigantea occur in sympatry with shared breeding
 season and are capable of producing viable F1 hybrids in spite of being
 ecologically differentiated. Population genomic analyses revealed that
 although the three species are genetically distinct, there is evidence for
 historical and ongoing gene flow among these species. Evidence from
 demographic modeling suggests that reproductive isolation among the three
 species started to build in allopatry and have proceeded with gene flow,
 possibly driven by ecological selection. We identified 27 differentiation
 islands between the closely related H. discus and H. madaka characterized
 by high FST and dA, but not high dXY values, as well as high genetic
 diversity in one H. madaka population. These genomic signatures suggest
 differentiation driven by recent ecological divergent selection in
 presence of gene flow outside of the genomic islands of differentiation.
 The differentiation islands showed low polymorphism in H. gigantea, and
 both high FST, dXY, and dA values between H. discus and H. gigantea, as
 well as between H. madaka and H. gigantea. Collectively, the western
 Pacific abalones appear to occupy the early stages speciation continuum,
 and the differentiation islands associated with ecological divergence
 among the abalones do not appear to have acted as barrier loci to gene
 flow in the younger divergences but appear to do so in older divergences.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tb2rbp49
title: Estimating the long-term repeatability of food-hoarding behaviours in an avian predator

description: Food-hoarding behaviour is widespread in the animal kingdom and enables
 predictable access to food resources in unpredictable environments.
 Within-species, consistent variation among individuals in food-hoarding
 behaviours may indicate the existence of individual strategies, as it
 likely captures intrinsic differences in how individuals cope with risks
 (e.g. starvation, pilferage). Using 17 years of data, we estimated the
 long-term repeatability of 10 food-hoarding behaviours in a population of
 Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum), a small avian predator
 subject to high temporal fluctuations in its main prey abundance. We found
 low repeatability in the proportion of shrews and the average prey mass
 stored for both sexes while females were moderately repeatable in the mass
 and the number of preys stored. These two pairs of behaviours were tightly
 correlated among-individuals and might represent two different sets of
 individual strategies to buffer against starvation risks. Whether the
 existence of such strategies can facilitate populations’ persistence and
 adaptation to climate change remains to be investigated.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6q573n5zw
title: Gillnets and stomach content metabarcoding - sharks and rays

description: Gillnets are the world’s most common net-based fishing gear, comprising
 walls of light mesh designed to entangle fish. Gillnets are often
 retrieved with holes in the netting, which means some animals escape or
 are depredated unseen, but with some mortality. To effectively manage
 fisheries around the world, information is required on not only the
 harvested and discarded mortalities, but also problematic interactions and
 mortalities caused by the fishing gear and especially those involving
 protected species. This study sought to assess a novel method for
 determining such interactions by sampling five adjacent pieces of netting
 around each of ten holes in two bather protection polyethylene gillnets
 for environmental DNA or ‘eDNA’. Here we show that eDNA correctly
 identified all previously entangled-and-landed species. Also, eDNA from
 three uncaptured taxa were recorded: bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas,
 white shark, Carcharodon carcharias and dolphins (Delphindae),
 illustrating the potential to reveal previously cryptic gillnet
 interactions. We propose that as scientific methods evolve and autonomous
 real-time DNA surveillance becomes routine, eDNA testing of fishing gears
 and vessels could provide a novel, complementary fishery-monitoring tool.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xksn02vgf
title: Magnitude and timing of resource pulses interact to affect plant invasion

description: Human activities can cause resource fluctuations through reducing uptake
 by the resident vegetation (e.g., disturbance) or through changing
 external resource supply (e.g., fertilization). Resource fluctuations
 often occur as pulses which are low frequency, large magnitude and short
 duration, and now are recognized as an important driver of plant
 invasions. However, resource pulses often vary dramatically in a number of
 attributes, yet how these attributes mediate the impacts of resource
 pulses on plant invasions remains unclear. Erigeron canadensis is a
 serious invader of disturbed habitats and agricultural fields in China.
 Thus, it experiences nutrient pulses with different magnitudes and
 timings. Here, we grew E. canadensis and six co-occurring native plant
 species with three different magnitudes of nutrient enrichment (low,
 medium or high). For each magnitude, we added equivalent amounts of
 nutrients with a constant supply as a control or one of three pulses with
 different timings (early, middle or late stages). We found that pulse
 magnitude, timing and their interaction significantly affected E.
 canadensis growth (biomass production) and invasion (proportion of biomass
 in a pot). For each timing, E. candensis growth and invasion increased
 with nutrient magnitude. At low magnitude, middle and late pulses promoted
 E. canadensis growth and invasion. At medium magnitude, late pulses
 suppressed E. canadensis growth, but did not affect its invasion. At high
 magnitude, early and middle pulses strongly suppressed E. canadensis
 growth and invasion. In contrast, natives generally exhibited different
 responses to nutrient pulses. Our study shows that plant responses are not
 just dependent on the presence of a resource pulse but also on its
 attributes. In contrast to theory and many empirical studies, our results
 show that resource fluctuation does not always promote plant invasion. We
 highlight that the attributes of resource pulses are key to understanding
 the impact of resource fluctuations on plant invasion.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bzkh18990
title: Effects of community richness and competitive asymmetry on protozoa evolution in Sarracenia purpurea leaves

description: Predicting evolution in natural systems will require understanding how
 selection operates in multispecies communities. We predicted that the
 amount that traits evolve in multispecies mixtures would be less than the
 amount that would be predicted from the additive contributions of the
 pair-wise interactions and that subordinate species will be more likely to
 evolve in competitive systems than dominant species. We conducted an
 experimental test of these predictions using a guild of protozoans found
 in the water-filled leaves of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. The
 response to selection did not significantly change as we increased
 richness from monocultures to two- and four-species mixtures. In
 accordance with our second prediction, subordinate species demonstrated
 greater growth in competition after selection than before, while dominant
 species generally showed no response to selection. Monod-type experiments
 to determine minimum resource levels found that the dominant species had
 much higher resource requirements than the subordinate species and that
 the minimum resource requirements evolved to be higher in the subordinate
 species. Importantly, these results suggest that subordinate species
 evolve to become more similar to dominant species, which may involve
 resource-use convergence. Our findings and other recent works suggest that
 community diversity can affect evolution in surprising ways that warrant
 further investigation.
description: Please see the attached README.docx file
description: Please see the attached README.docx file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m96m
title: Connectional asymmetry of the inferior parietal lobule shapes hemispheric specialization in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques

description: The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is one of the most expanded cortical
 regions in humans relative to other primates. It is also among the most
 structurally and functionally asymmetric regions in the human cerebral
 cortex. Whether the structural and connectional asymmetries of IPL
 subdivisions differ across primate species and how this relates to
 functional asymmetries remain unclear. We identified IPL subregions that
 exhibited positive allometric in both hemispheres, scaling across rhesus
 macaque monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans. The patterns of IPL subregions
 asymmetry were similar in chimpanzees and humans, but no IPL asymmetries
 were evident in macaques. Among the comparative sample of primates, humans
 showed the most widespread asymmetric connections in the frontal,
 parietal, and temporal cortices, constituting leftward asymmetric networks
 that may provide an anatomical basis for language and tool use. Unique
 human asymmetric connectivity between the IPL and primary motor cortex
 might be related to handedness. These findings suggest that structural and
 connectional asymmetries may underlie hemispheric specialization of the
 human brain.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bzf8d7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 43 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Etmopterus dianthus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 43 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002863-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gmsbcc2nh
title: Dataset for: Spatial tuning of face part representations within face-selective areas revealed by high-field fMRI

description: Regions sensitive to specific object categories as well as organized
 spatial patterns sensitive to different features have been found across
 the whole ventral temporal cortex (VTC). However, it is unclear that
 within each object category region, how specific feature representations
 are organized to support object identification. Would object features,
 such as object parts, be represented in fine-scale spatial tuning within
 object category-specific regions? Here we used high-field 7T fMRI to
 examine the spatial tuning to different face parts within each
 face-selective region. Our results show consistent spatial tuning of face
 parts across individuals that within right posterior fusiform face area
 (pFFA) and right occipital face area (OFA), the posterior portion of each
 region was biased to eyes, while the anterior portion was biased to mouth
 and chin stimuli. Our results demonstrate that within the occipital and
 fusiform face processing regions, there exist systematic spatial tuning to
 different face parts that support further computation combining them.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mgv
title: Data from: Testing genome skimming for species discrimination in the large and taxonomically difficult genus Rhododendron

description: Standard plant DNA barcodes based on 2-3 plastid regions, and nrDNA ITS
 show variable levels of resolution, and fail to discriminate among species
 in many plant groups. Genome skimming to recover complete plastid genome
 sequences and nrDNA arrays has been proposed as a solution to address
 these resolution limitations. However, few studies have empirically tested
 what gains are achieved in practice. Of particular interest is whether
 adding substantially more plastid and nrDNA characters will lead to an
 increase in discriminatory power, or whether the resolution limitations of
 standard plants barcodes are fundamentally due to plastid genomes and
 nrDNA not tracking species boundaries. To address this, we used genome
 skimming to recover near-complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal
 DNA from Rhododendron species and compared discrimination success with
 standard plant barcodes. We sampled 218 individuals representing 145
 species of this species-rich and taxonomically difficult genus, focusing
 on the global biodiversity hotspots of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains.
 Only 33% of species were distinguished using ITS+matK+rbcL+trnH-psbA. In
 contrast, 55% of species were distinguished using plastid genome and nrDNA
 sequences. The vast majority of this increase is due to the additional
 plastid characters. Thus, despite previous studies showing an asymptote in
 discrimination success beyond 3-4 plastid regions, these results show that
 a demonstrable increase in discriminatory power is possible with extensive
 plastid genome data. However, despite these gains, many species remain
 unresolved, and these results also reinforce the need to access multiple
 unlinked nuclear loci to obtain transformative gains in species
 discrimination in plants.
description: Sequence alignments and all trees. See README.txt file.