cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79696
title: Kioi The Chief, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "This particular school is held at a Chief's village. His name is Kioi (pronounced Keeoi (eeoi dipthong)) and a really worthy man he is. He has helped us much by sending many of his own children, and insisting on his followers doing the same. We hope he too will share the blessing that is coming on them." Portrait of Kioi, a Kikuyu chief. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79639
title: Mother and Daughter, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Kikuyu Types. Daughter & mother [listed objects include] string bag, cultivating knife, stool, cooking pot, strap, firewood, sweet potato slaws." Portrait of mother and daughter sitting outside thatched hut, surrounded by various cooking utensils. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79698
title: Mrs. Watson & Jingering, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "A further picture shows the lighter side of that village work, - Mrs Watson teaching the little girls to play Jingering." Group portrait of Mrs Watson at play with young indigenous children. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80163
title: Memorial Tower, Blantyre Church, Malawi, ca.1926

description: "Memorial Tower." Exterior view of Memorial Tower, Blantyre, Nyasaland [Malawi]. The tower was initially conceived as a memorial for four members of the mission who had died during World War I. It was decided that it should also commemorate other members of the mission who had given their lives in service in Africa. Their names were inserted on a panel in the wall of the tower facing the church. The tower itself was built on the site where the communion table had stood in Clement Scott's first church in Blantyre in 1882.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79709
title: Roll Call, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "Punctually at 7.a.m. the bell goes and all is bustle for the beginning of the days work. The small boys line up on one of the roads, where Mrs Watson calls the roll, and then they are set to clean the dormitories, sweep the roads, and other work. At 9, after morning prayers they go to the School, and are there till 12.30. At two o'clock the afternoon bell is rung, and from then till 4.30 they are sent to work in the gardens under Mr. Allan." Exterior view showing school children lined up before the start of the school day. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79531
title: Synod meeting, Espíritu Santo, 1888

description: “Synod Meeting at Santo [Espíritu Santo], 1888.” Group portrait of missionaries, wives, and a child who attended the Synod meeting.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79482
title: Missionaries with Aneityumese people, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Aneityum [Anatom] - Mission station at Anelcauhat. Rev J. G. Paton (with white beard) in front. Rev J. H. Lawrie and Mrs. Lawrie on the left.”  Group portrait of the missionaries and eleven others. Some of those depicted may be children of James Hay Lawrie and his wife, Margaret. Lawrie was from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum, New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. Margaret Lawrie died in 1922 and her husband in 1929. John Gibson Paton (1824-1907) was ordained in 1858. He and his wife, Mary Ann Robson (1840-1859), arrived at Aneityum on 30 August 1858. The group all appear to be wearing European dress with the missionaries in darker clothing. The group stand and sit apart at irregular intervals in the photograph. They pose in front of the fenced mission station and trees.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79702
title: Medicine Man, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "Before passing from the medical work, let me show you a picture of our chief obstacle in the Medicine Man. It is he in whom the people have implicit trust; they believe he has powers of life and death, and their faith in him and his bag of tricks make our work difficult and uphill. Superstition however, is fast fleeing, and increasing confidence in our skill is fast taking it's place." Portrait of an indigenous man shown with sacks of 'medicines' for the local peoples. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79524
title: Mission church and schoolhouse, Tanna, ca.1890

description: “Church and Schoolhouse - Kwamera, Tanna.” External view of a clapboard church, which may also function as a school, with the local congregation and/or students standing and seated in front.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79631
title: Mr. Grieve, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Mr Grieve in one of the classrooms. 15th August 1926. AHS 4 & Kikuyu CSM 4. 11th September 1926. CSM 3 & AHS 2. " Interior view showing the principal of The Alliance High School, Mr Grieve, teaching a class of students. The Alliance High School for older boys was established in March 1926 by the Alliance of Protestant Mission - a collaboration of different missionary organisations - with the first headmaster being that of Mr G.A Grieve. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. In April of 1900, the first day-school was opened for children. The Church of Scotland then assumed control of the Mission in 1901. With the creation of the new school building, crops were grown (maize, beans and sweet potatoes) in part to provide foods for the school children. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79543
title: Missionary’s wife with Bible class, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Natives' Bible Class, Aneityum [Anatom].” Group portrait of James Hay Lawrie’s wife, Margaret, with women and children wearing cloth dresses. Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum, New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. They had four children. Margaret Lawrie died in 1922 and her husband in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79645
title: Reverend Joshua Matenjura, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Rev Joshua Matenjura & Naomi". Group portrait of Reverend Joshua Matenjura - one of the senior preachers at the site at Kikuyu - and his family. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The Hunter Memorial Hospital was opened in January 1908, making it the first permanent building erected at Kikuyu and by the 6th of January, patients were beginning to be admitted. Smallpox and cases of famine were the most common illnesses. The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. In April of the same year, the first day-school was opened for children. By March 1926, The Alliance High School for older boys was established, principled by Mr G.A. Grieve. Crops were grown (maize, beans and sweet potatoes) in part to provide foods for the school children. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79675
title: Staff, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "This is the staff at Kikuyu, and from left to right [right to left] are mrs Scott, Dr. Scott, & Mrs Watson while behind are Dr. Arthur, Miss Stevenson, Mr.Allan, Miss Motherwell, and Mr. Tait. At Kenia there are Mr. Barlow, Dr. Philp, and Mr. Dennis." Group portrait of staff from Kikuyu site. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79697
title: Mrs. Watson and learner, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: "We see here a little black boy having his first lesson in letters and intently endeavouring to make sound and sign to correspond, - a difficult feat for him." Portrait of teacher, Mrs Watson showing a young indigenous boy how to write. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79666
title: Railway Station, Kikuyu, Kenya, ca.1911

description: “About eleven o’clock that morning you come to Nairobi which is the Capital of the Colony. There we have to-day some 900 Europeans and St. Andrews Church is ministering to the needs of our fellow Presbyterians. Another hour brings you to Kikuyu railway station which stands at a height of 6,700 feet above sea level. Though only 90 miles south of the Equator, the tropical heat is tempered by the height, the temperature rarely rising above 80º and sinking at night to 45º or so, and necessitating fires the whole year round. Such is the delightful climate we find ourselves in, - free from mosquitos and therefore malarial fever.” Exterior view showing several buildings that constitute the Kikuyu railway station. The track runs across the foreground and a carriage sits on a sideline further along. ❧ "This Lecture was prepared by Dr J.W. Arthur in October 1911 on his voyage to Mombasa. The set of slides is the gift to the Kikuyu Mission of the Young Peoples Meeting at the Burgh Hall, Hillhead, of which he was for many years a member." A green folder marked 'Kikuyu' and containing lecture notes and relevant photographs to accompany lantern slides.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80063
title: Two boys playing a game, Malawi, ca.1910

description: "Game of draughts." Portrait of two boys playing draughts, checkers, using indentations in the sand to represent the board.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79505
title: Missionary’s house, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Rev. Dr. Inglis house at Anami [Aname]. Cocoa nut and orange trees.” Exterior view of John Inglis’s (1808-1891) house with vegetation and trees to the front and rear. Inglis worked from Aname which neered the Aneityum [Anatom] mission station in 1848 and over a hundred converts were made by 1853. John Inglis and his wife joined him in 1853, commissioned by the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the New Hebrides: Reminiscences of Missionary Life and Work was published in 1887.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79483
title: Girl with infant onboard a missionary ship, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Deck of ‘Dayspring’ – Aneityum [Anatom] girl trained by Mrs. Lawrie.” Portrait of a girl in a chair on the deck of Dayspring, a missionary ship. She is holding a baby, perhaps James and Margaret Lawrie’s child. Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum, New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. Margaret Lawrie died in 1922 and her husband in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79501
title: Boy with carved tree trunks, Malakula, ca. 1890

description: “Malicolla [Malakula] - Idols - Williams sent some idols from Rarotonga to the London Missionary Society’s Museum in London. A few years ago, some young natives from that island visited that museum, and, so completely has idolatry been swept away from Rarotonga, these were the first Rarotongan gods they had ever seen! The New Hebrideans [Vanuatuans] all believed in a Supreme Being, and in a host of inferior gods. Paton says, ‘If men exist anywhere destitute of the idea of a god, it would have been among these islands. But the New Hebrides, on the contrary, are full of gods.’”  Exterior view showing four wooden 'idols' (which may be merely slit drums) and a boy wearing a ‘namba’. Rarotonga was the base from which John Williams of the London Missionary Society (who arrived in 1823) sought to Christianise the Cook Islands. In 1839 Williams was killed in the New Hebrides [Vanuatu]. The lines above, originally referring to the people of Tanna, are paraphrased from John Gibson Paton’s Autobiography.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79544
title: Young students, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “A few of Mr. Lawrie’s scholars.” Group portrait of 12 local boys seated on the ground wearing cloth tunics. James Hay Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum [Anatom], New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. He died in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79490
title: Indigenous dwelling, Tanna, ca.1890

description: “Tanna - Native hut of sacred chief.” Exterior view of a wooden hut with a thatched roof.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79502
title: Five indigenous men, Ambrym, ca.1890

description: “Ambrim [Ambrym] - Native men. Savage, heathen, cannibal. In the South Sea Islands the French are so much hated that although the natives kill them when they can, they will neither cook nor eat them!”  Group portrait of five men from the island of Ambrim. Each man is naked except for a ‘namba’ (a traditional penis sheath from the New Hebrides [Vanuatu]). One man also wears a cape, and another has a decorated armband. Certain islands, Erromanga [Erromango], for example, were notorious for reported cannibalism. The attitudes towards the French are perhaps rather a reflection of the missionaries’. The French were under much less control than the British: the Western Pacific High Commission prohibited the British from trade in alcohol and firearms and the recruitment of natives for work in areas such the New Hebrides [Vanuatu]. The Presbyterian missionaries therefore saw themselves as the likely champions of the indigenes against the unrestricted force of the French.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79559
title: Wooden slit drums, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Heathen Drums.” Exterior view showing slit drums placed on end in a rough circle around trees. The people of the New Hebrides [Vanuatu] cut large logs with 'totem' type carvings on the outer surface and hollow out the centre leaving only a slit down the front. These hollowed out logs give the deep resonance of drums when hit on the outside with sticks.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79513
title: Men loading a mission rowboat, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Loading the boat at Anelcahaut [Anelcauhat] - ‘Dayspring’ in distance.” External view showing local people carrying lengths of wood to the small mission boat used to travel from one island to another. The Dayspring I, II and III were mission supply vessels supported by the various Presbyterian Missions operating in the New Hebrides [Vanuatu]. The Dayspring Board handled all income and expenditure relating to the shipping service, freight and passages under the general title of ‘New Hebrides Mission Maritime Service’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79558
title: Food preparation, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Preparing pig, taro and yam for a feast.” Group portrait of several men seated and standing among palm trees and ingredients for a feast. One man is climbing a tree in the centre. Taro is a perennial, tropical plant primarily grown as a root vegetable for its edible starchy corm, and as a leaf vegetable and is considered a staple in African, Oceanic and Asian cultures.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79496
title: Mission house, Tanna, ca.1890

description: “Tanna - The Mission House.”  Exterior view of a thatched clapboard mission house with hills to the rear. The building has a gate and fence and palm trees on the left of the photograph.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79553
title: Malarious area, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Malarial Swamp.” Landscape view of a marshy landscape with a few scattered trees. Mal’aria, literally meaning ‘bad air’, was linked with poisonous vapours of swamps for centuries. It is now known that malaria is transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes, which abound in humid, swampy areas. The term malaria, without the apostrophe, evolved into the name of the disease only in the 19th century. Up to that point the various intermittent fevers had been called jungle fever, marsh fever, paludal fever, or swamp fever.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80294
title: Carpenters at work, Livingstonia, Malawi, ca.1903

description: “Sawing logs.” View of indigenous craftsmen cutting planks by hand. ❧ Livingstonia mission station was established in 1891 by Dr Robert Laws (1851-1934) when he travelled north from Bandawe to set up a Training Institution and Industrial Mission. It was situated four miles from Lake Nyasa at Khondowe. As well as the school, hospital and accommodation, there were workshops for carpentry, printing and engineering, and mills, brickworks and a pottery. The Overtoun Institution was named after John Campbell White, Baron of Overtoun (1843-1908) who was a Convener of the Livingstonia Mission and a major financial contributor. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79504
title: Two men wearing suits, Vanuatu, ca.1890

description: "Christian and Civilized.”  Portrait of two indigenous men standing against a clapboard building and wearing light-coloured three piece suits. One holds an umbrella and the other is leaning against a chair and holding a top hat.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79499
title: Mission station, Tanna, ca.1890

description: “Tanna - Missionary station, with cocoanuts in front.”  Exterior view of a thatched clapboard mission station with gate and fencing, coconut palm trees, and grassed area to the front.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79552
title: Teachers with foods, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Native foods. Village teachers. Taro, Yam, Sugar cane, Cocoa nuts.” Group portrait of six men, one holding an infant, seated amongst a variety of fruit and vegetables grown in the New Hebrides [Vanuatu]. Taro is a perennial, tropical plant primarily grown as a root vegetable for its edible starchy corm, and as a leaf vegetable and is considered a staple in African, Oceanic and Asian cultures.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79495
title: Four women, Épi, ca.1890

description: “Api [Épi] - Native Women, heathen. Rev. John Inglis D. D., in his ‘In the New Hebrides’ writes about the natives:- ‘They are quite an improvable race, and are eager to imitate their superiors. In their movements they are active and energetic. They work well at any kind of unskilled labour, and at what may be native skilled labour, and when trained they evince a fair aptitude for acquiring a knowledge of European skilled labour. The women make excellent nurses and good domestic nurses.’”  Group portrait of four indigenous women wearing traditional dress. John Inglis (1808-1891) and his wife arrived on Aneityum in 1853. They were commissioned by the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the New Hebrides: Reminiscences of Missionary Life and Work was published in 1887.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79480
title: Mission boat, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Aneityum [Anatom] - Mission boat for going from one mission station to another.”  Exterior view of the beach and a rowboat. A passenger is seated at the rear of the boat.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79511
title: Missionary church, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Dr. Inglis’ old church - Aname, Aneityum [Anatom].” External view of a church with a thatched roof. John Inglis (1808-1891) worked from Aname which was on the opposite side of the island from John Geddie of Nova Scotia. Geddie pioneered the Aneityum [Anatom] mission station in 1848 and over a hundred converts were made by 1853. John Inglis and his wife joined him in 1853, commissioned by the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the New Hebrides: Reminiscences of Missionary Life and Work was published in 1887.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79807
title: Dead Lioness, Kenya, ca.1908-1912

description: "Lioness" Portrait of a dead lioness on bare scrubland. The animal was possibly killed during a hunting safari from the Kikuyu Mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79519
title: Two men in traditional dress, Tanna, ca. 1890

description: “Tanna men, in heathen costume.” Portrait of two Tannese men naked except for the ‘namba’ (a traditional penis sheath from the New Hebrides [Vanuatu]). They stand on a garden path in front of a mission building.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79430
title: Mr. Liu, Haicheng, China, ca.1888-1894

description: “Mr Liu and two grandchildren”. Group portrait of an elderly gentleman holding one child whilst another stands next to him. This is possibly Liu Show Shian who was an indigenous deacon with the United Presbyterian Church in the Manchuria field and worked with James Wylie in Liaoyang. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. During the attack Mr Liu attempted to protect Mr Wylie by covering him with his own body. ❧ The image is from an album relating to the Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80262
title: Lady Nyasa, Shire River, Malawi, ca.1900

description: "Old Lady Nyasa." Exterior view looking down at a paddle steamer berthed at a river bank. The Lady Nyasa II was a sixty foot paddle steamer, in service from 1879, for the African Lakes Corporation (ALC), which was formed in Glasgow in1877 by John and Fredrick Moir. The company had strong links with the Scottish missions in Blantyre and Livingstonia. The original Lady Nyasa was one of two vessels that Livingstone used to navigate the Zambezi and Lake Nyasa. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.