cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqnk
title: Data from: Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region created the Eurasian extratropical biodiversity hotspots: tracing Pireneitega spiders' diversification history

description: The withdrawal of the Tethys Sea and the formation of the Alpine-Himalayan
 orogenic belt profoundly impacted the distribution and composition of
 terrestrial biota in Eurasia. However, studies that have explicitly
 addressed the potential links between the series of tectonic activities in
 the Tethyan region and the formation of extratropical biodiversity
 hotspots in the Alpine-Himalayan belt are rare. The Pireneitega spiders
 (Agelenidae) are found throughout Eurasia and show high species richness
 in these hotspots. Thus, using Pireneitega spiders as a model group, we
 can shed light on how past tectonic events shaped Eurasian hotspots. To
 reconstruct the spatial and temporal evolution of Pireneitega spp., an
 integrative historical biogeographical analysis has been conducted using
 thousands of novel DNA sequences and five novel transcriptome sequences
 from different species. Species distribution modelling based on complete
 geographical distribution information was used to assess the ecological
 preferences and the potential ecological interchangeability of Pireneitega
 species. Our study suggests that the rapid expansion of Pireneitega in
 Eurasia benefitted from the Tethys Sea regression in the early Oligocene.
 Most Pireneitega species are distributed allopatrically, but in similar
 niches. The diversification of Pireneitega species relied on invading
 numerous new isolated habitats created by the uplift of Alpine-Himalayan
 mountains during the Miocene (wet valley model). These results imply that
 the formation of Alpine-Himalayan hotspots was driven by the series of
 tectonic events in the Tethyan region during the Oligocene–Miocene.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280gd1
title: Data from: Survival varies seasonally in a migratory bird: linkages between breeding and non-breeding periods

description: 1. Migratory species form an important component of biodiversity; they
 link ecosystems across the globe, but are increasingly threatened by
 global environmental change. Understanding and mitigating threats requires
 knowledge of how demographic processes operate throughout the annual
 cycle, but this can be difficult to achieve when breeding and non-breeding
 grounds are widely separated. 2. Our goal is to quantify the importance of
 variability in survival during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in
 determining variation in annual survival using a single population and,
 more broadly, the extent to which annual survival across species reflects
 variation in probability of surviving the migratory period. 3. We use a 25
 year dataset in which individuals of a long-distance migratory bird, the
 alpine swift Tachymarptis melba, were captured towards the beginning and
 end of each breeding season to estimate age- and season-specific survival
 probabilities and incorporate explicit estimation of the correlations in
 survival between age-classes and seasons. 4. Monthly survival was higher
 during the breeding period than during the rest of the year and strongly
 affected by conditions in the breeding season; effects that remained
 apparent in the following non-breeding season, but not subsequently.
 Recruitment of juveniles was dependent on the timing of breeding, being
 higher if egg-laying commenced before the median date, and substantially
 lower if not. 5. Across migratory bird species, variation in annual
 survival largely reflects variation in the probability of surviving the
 migratory period. Using a double-capture approach, even within a single
 season, provides valuable insights into the demography of migratory
 species, which will help understand the extent and impacts of the threats
 they face in a changing world.
description: The Alpine Swift data are a a mark-recapture data set based on
 two capture occassions each breeding season. The data are presented in
 m-array format - i.e. the number of birds released at occasion y (rows)
 recaptured at occasion x (columns). Annotated R code is provided to
 undertake the analysis. The cross-species data
 (season.dat.rda) are derived from a literature search as described in the
 text.
description: Capture dates vary between years, thus the survival periods vary
 slightly. Some capture occasions are missing, the R code imputes dates for
 these. Birds are caught either as chicks, or full grown birds. Thus the
 'adult' matrix includes a small number of unknown immature
 birds. The readme.txt file indicates what each file contains and the
 run_models.R file imports the data and does the analysis calling the
 various the JAGS model definitions.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3e3xcb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1452 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Themisto gaudichaudii",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "DecimalLatitude is greater than -90",
 "DecimalLatitude is less than 90",
 "DecimalLongitude is greater than -180",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2015"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1452 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002362-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fm1
title: Adaptive strategies of high-flying migratory hoverflies in response to wind currents

description: Large migrating insects, flying at high altitude, often exhibit complex
 behaviour. They frequently elect to fly on winds with directions quite
 different from the prevailing direction, and they show a degree of common
 orientation, both of which facilitate transport in seasonally beneficial
 directions. Much less is known about the migration behaviour of smaller
 (10–70 mg) insects. To address this issue, we used radar to examine the
 high-altitude flight of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), a group of
 day-active, medium-sized insects commonly migrating over the UK. We found
 that autumn migrants, which must move south, did indeed show migration
 timings and orientation responses that would take them in this direction,
 despite the unfavourability of the prevailing winds. Evidently, these
 hoverfly migrants must have a compass (probably a time-compensated solar
 mechanism), and a means of sensing the wind direction (which may be
 determined with sufficient accuracy at ground level, before take-off). By
 contrast, hoverflies arriving in the UK in spring showed weaker
 orientation tendencies, and did not correct for wind drift away from their
 seasonally adaptive direction (northwards). However, the spring migrants
 necessarily come from the south (on warm southerly winds), so we surmise
 that complex orientation behaviour may not be so crucial for the spring
 movements.
description: The data on hoverfly orientations was collected by
 vertical-looking entomological radars based in southern UK. These radars
 are an established tool for collecting insect flight behaviour, and the
 methodology is described in detail in the associated publication and other
 related papers found in the bibliography. The dataset consists of a list
 of migration track directions, flight headings, and moveemnt speeds for
 all mass hoverfly migrations analysed in this study, and also the wind
 speed and direction on these occasions.
description: The data is straightfoward to interpet and use.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.45sqgb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "CatalogNumber" : [
 "is one of (CHR 37078, CHR 49937, CHR 49938, CHR 234555, K003357355, P00301286, CHR 369147, CHR 369158, K-M001007897, K-M000138927)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002366-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2fvj
title: Data from: Rapid local adaptation linked with phenotypic plasticity

description: Models of ‘plasticity-first’ evolution are attractive because they explain
 the rapid evolution of new complex adaptations. Nevertheless, it is
 unclear whether plasticity can facilitate rapid microevolutionary change
 between diverging populations. Here we show how plasticity may have
 generated adaptive differences in fecundity between neighbouring wild
 populations of burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides. These populations
 occupy distinct Cambridgeshire woodlands that are just 2.5km apart and
 that probably originated from a common ancestral population c. 1000-4000
 years ago. We find that populations are divergently adapted to breed on
 differently-sized carrion. Adaptive differences in clutch size and egg
 size are associated with divergence at loci connected with oogenesis. The
 populations differ specifically in the elevation of the reaction norm
 linking clutch size to carrion size (i.e. genetic accommodation), and in
 the likelihood that surplus offspring will be lost after hatching. We
 suggest that these two processes may have facilitated rapid local
 adaptation on a fine-grained spatial scale.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hmgqnk9d6
title: Harnessing environmental Ca2+ for extracellular protein thermostabilization

description: Ca2+ is the third-most prevalent metal ion in the environment. 
 EF hands are common Ca2+-binding motifs found in both extracellular and
 intracellular proteins of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.  
 Cytoplasmic EF hand proteins often mediate allosteric control of signal
 transduction pathway components in response to intracellular Ca2+
 concentration fluctuations by coupling Ca2+ binding to changes in protein
 structure.  We show that an extracellular structural Ca2+-binding
 site mediates protein thermostabilization by such conformational coupling
 as well.  Binding Ca2+ to the EF hand of the extracellular
 (periplasmic) Escherichia coli glucose-galactose binding protein
 thermostabilizes this protein by ~17K relative to its Ca2+-free
 form.  Using statistical thermodynamic analysis of a fluorescent
 conjugate of ecGGBP that reports simultaneously on ligand binding and
 multiple conformational states, we found that its Ca2+-mediated
 stabilization is determined by conformational coupling mechanisms in two
 independent conformational exchange reactions.  Binding to folded
 and unfolded states determines the maximum Ca2+-mediated
 stability.  A disorder®order transition accompanies formation of
 the Ca2+ complex in the folded state and dictates the minimum Ca2+
 concentration at which the Ca2+-bound state becomes dominant. 
 Similar transitions also encode the structural changes necessary for
 Ca2+-mediated control elements in signal transduction pathways. 
 Ca2+-mediated thermostabilization and allosteric control therefore share a
 fundamental conformational coupling mechanism, which may have implications
 for the evolution of EF hands.
description: Multi-dimensional fluorescence data of Acrylodan conjugates of
 the Escherichia coli glucose-galactose binding protein collected on a
 Roche LightCycler as a function of temperature, glucose and calcium.  Data
 was analyzed using the Nested Equilibrated States Tree statistical
 thermodynamics method.  This repository contains the original data and
 Python scripts for their analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.stqjq2c12
title: Data from: Large-scale patterns of seed removal by small mammals differ between areas of low vs. high wolf occupancy

description: Because most tree species recruit from seeds, seed predation by
 small-mammal granivores may be important for determining plant
 distribution and regeneration in forests. Despite the importance of seed
 predation, large-scale patterns of small-mammal granivory are often highly
 variable and thus, difficult to predict. We hypothesize distributions of
 apex predators can create large-scale variation in the distribution and
 abundance of mesopredators that consume small-mammals, creating
 predictable areas of high and low granivory. For example, because gray
 wolf (Canis lupus) territories are characterized by relatively less use by
 coyotes (C. latrans) and greater use by foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon
 cinereoargentus) that consume a greater proportion of small mammals, wolf
 territories may be areas of reduced small-mammal granivory. Using
 large-scale, multi-year field trials at 22 sites with high- and low-wolf
 occupancy in northern Wisconsin, we evaluated whether removal of seeds of
 four tree species was lower in wolf territories. Consistent with the
 hypothesized consequences of wolf occupancy, seed removal of three species
 was more than 25% lower in high-wolf-occupancy areas across two years and
 small-mammal abundance was more than 40% lower in high-wolf areas during
 one of two study years. These significant results, in conjunction with
 evidence of seed consumption in situ and the absence of significant
 habitat differences between high- and low-wolf areas, suggest that
 top-down effects of wolves on small-mammal granivory and seed survival may
 occur. Understanding how interactions among carnivores create spatial
 patterns in interactions among lower trophic levels may allow for more
 accurate predictions of large-scale patterns in seed survival and forest
 composition.
description: <strong>Chandler_et_al_EcolEvol_seed_removal_data</strong> Data from seed removal trials. See README file for more details.   <strong>Chandler_et_al_EcolEvol_site-level_data</strong> Data from evaluation of site-level habitat characteristics. See README file for more details.   <strong>Chandler_et_al_EcolEvol_small_mammal_data</strong> Data from small mammal trapping sessions. See README file for more details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnqr
title: Data from: Temporally-variable predation risk and fear retention in Trinidadian guppies

description: Predation fear is a unifying theme across vertebrate taxa. Here, we
 explored how the frequency and duration of predation risk affects
 post-risk fear behaviour in Trinidadian guppies. We first exposed
 individuals to visual cues of potential predators for 3 days, either
 frequently (6×/day) or infrequently (1×/day). Each exposure lasted for
 either a relatively brief (5 min) or long (30 min) duration, whereas a
 control group consisted of no risk exposures. One day later, we quantified
 guppy behaviour. All background risk treatments induced a fear response
 toward a novel odour (i.e., neophobia), and individuals previously exposed
 to frequent bouts of brief risk showed elevated baseline fear. Although
 neophobic responses were initially similar across risk treatments (1 day
 later), retention of this response differed. After 8 days, only
 individuals previously exposed to brief bouts of risk (both frequent and
 infrequent) maintained neophobic responses, whereas their initially higher
 level of baseline fear remained elevated but was no longer significantly
 different from the control. These results increase our understanding of
 temporal factors that affect the intensity and retention of fear that
 persists following risk exposure, which may have applications across
 vertebrates in relation to problems with fearful phenotypes.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rbypuj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12984 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Ochroma"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12984 records from 423 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002364-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14643968
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnhr
title: Data from: Structural complexity and large-sized trees explain shifting species richness and carbon relationship across vegetation types

description: 1. It is prominently claimed that enhancing forest diversity would play a
 dual role of nature conservation and climate regulation. While the idea is
 intuitively appealing, studies show that species richness effects on
 aboveground carbon (AGC) are not always positive, but instead
 unpredictable especially across scales and complex terrestrial systems
 having large-diameter and tall-stature trees. Previous studies have
 further considered structural complexity and larger trees as determinants
 of AGC. Yet it remains unclear what drives differential diversity-AGC
 relationships across vegetation types. 2. Here, we test whether structural
 complexity and large-sized trees play an influential role in explaining
 shifting diversity-AGC relationships across vegetation types, using a 22.3
 ha sampled dataset of 124 inventory plots in woodlands, gallery forests,
 tree/shrub savannahs and mixed plantations in West Africa. 3. Natural
 vegetation had greater species richness and structural complexity than
 mixed plantations, as expected. In addition, AGC was highest in gallery
 forests and mixed plantations, which is consistent with favorable
 environmental conditions in the former and high stocking densities and
 presence of fast-growing species in the latter. Significant interaction
 effects of species richness and vegetation on AGC revealed a
 vegetation-dependent species richness-AGC relationship: consistently, we
 found positive species richness-AGC relationship in both mixed plantations
 and woodlands, and nonsignificant patterns in gallery forests and
 tree/shrub savannah. Further, there was a vegetation-dependent mediation
 of structural complexity in linking species richness to AGC, with stronger
 positive structural complexity effects where species richness-AGC
 relationships were positive, and stronger positive large-sized trees’
 effect where species richness-AGC relationships were neutral. 4. Our study
 provides strong evidence of vegetation-dependent species richness-AGC
 relationships, which operated through differential mediation by structural
 complexity of the species richness and large trees’ effects. We conclude
 that even higher species richness in diversified ecosystems may not always
 relate positively with AGC, and that neutral pattern may arise possibly as
 a result of larger dominant individual trees imposing a slow stand dynamic
 flux and overruling species richness effects.
description: The dataset consisted of
 floristic information (tree species names, tree density, and diameter at
 breast height – DBH and tree height) from 124 plots, established using a
 stratified random sampling scheme across  gallery forest, woodland,
 savannahs and mixed plantations in Benin, West Africa. Plot size was
 approximately 0.18ha. In each plot, all individuals with diameter ≥ 5 cm
 were measured and identified at species level.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fxpnvx0p4
title: Data from: RapidRat: development, validation and application of a genotyping-by-sequencing panel for rapid biosecurity and invasive species management

description: Invasive alien species (IAS) are among the main causes of global
 biodiversity loss. Invasive brown (Rattus norvegicus) and black (R.
 rattus) rats, in particular, are leading drivers of extinction on islands,
 especially in the case of seabirds where &gt;50% of all extinctions
 have been attributed to rat predation. Eradication is the primary form of
 invasive rat management, yet this strategy has resulted in a ~10-38%
 failure rate on islands globally. Genetic tools can help inform IAS
 management, but such applications to date have been largely reactive,
 time-consuming, and costly. Here, we developed a Genotyping-in-Thousands
 by sequencing (GT-seq) panel for rapid species identification and
 population assignment of invasive brown and black rats (RapidRat) in Haida
 Gwaii, an archipelago comprising ~150 islands off the central coast of
 British Columbia, Canada. We constructed an optimized panel of 443 single
 nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using previously generated double-digest
 restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) genotypic data (27,686 SNPs) from
 brown (n=295) and black rats (n=241) sampled throughout Haida Gwaii. The
 informativeness of this panel for identifying individuals to species and
 island of origin was validated relative to the ddRAD results; in all
 comparisons, admixture coefficients and population assignments estimated
 using RapidRat were consistent. To demonstrate application, 20 individuals
 from novel invasions of three islands (Agglomerate, Hotspring, Ramsay)
 were genotyped using RapidRat, all of which were confidently assigned
 (&gt;98.5% probability) to Faraday and Murchison Islands as putative
 source populations. These results indicated that a previous eradication on
 Hotspring Island was conducted at an inappropriate geographic scale;
 future management should expand the eradication unit to include
 neighboring islands to prevent re-invasion. Overall, we demonstrated that
 RapidRat is an effective tool for managing invasive rat populations in
 Haida Gwaii and provided a clear framework for GT-seq panel development
 for informing biodiversity conservation in other systems.
description: rano_rara_combined.vcf: vcf file containing genotypic data for
 brown and black rats at 443 SNPs generated via ddRAD and GT-seq
 rano.vcf: vcf file containing genotypic data for brown rats at
 315 SNPs generated via ddRAD and GT-seq rana.vcf: vcf
 file containing genotypic data for black rats at 429 SNPs generated via
 ddRAD and GT-seq
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k01
title: Data from: Initial experiences of US neurologists in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic via survey

description: Background The current coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)
 pandemic has caused widespread disease and death. Rapid increases in
 patient volumes have exposed weaknesses in healthcare systems and
 challenged our ability to provide optimal patient care and adequate safety
 measures to healthcare workers (HCWs). Objective To test the
 hypothesis that US neurologists were experiencing significant challenges
 with lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), rapid changes in
 practice and varying institutional protocols, we conducted this survey
 study. Methods A 36-item survey was distributed to neurologists
 around the US through various media platforms. Results Over a
 one-week period, 567 responses were received. Of these, 56% practiced in
 academia. A total of 87% had access to PPE with 45% being asked to reuse
 PPE due to shortages. The pandemic caused rapid changes in practice, most
 notably a shift towards providing care by teleneurology, although a third
 experienced challenges in transitioning to this model. Wide variations
 were noted both in testing and in the guidance provided for the exposed,
 sick or vulnerable HCWs. Notably, 59% of respondents felt that their
 practices were doing what they could, although 56% did not feel safe
 taking care of patients. Conclusions Results from our survey
 demonstrate significant variability in preparedness and responsiveness to
 the COVID-19 pandemic in neurology, impacted by region, health care
 setting and practice model. Practice guidelines from professional
 societies and other national entities are needed to improve protection for
 physicians and their patients, promote recommended practice changes during
 a pandemic, and optimize future preparedness for public health
 emergencies.
description: It was collected via an online survey through Google Forms