DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgg5
title: Data from: The impact of temperature on the reproductive development, body condition, and mortality of fall migrating monarch butterflies in the laboratory

description: Overwintering populations of the monarch butterfly, Danaus
 plexippus, have been in decline for the past 30 years. Several hypotheses
 for the decline have been proposed including summer and winter habitat
 loss and migration mortality due to non-senescing milkweeds and the
 parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE). How climate change will affect
 migration physiology, however, has been understudied. This is surprising
 because warmer temperatures will likely destabilize reproductive diapause,
 a physiological strategy central to migration and overwintering success.
 Here, we exposed wild-caught migrating monarchs to different
 field-realistic migratory temperatures under laboratory conditions for 30
 days, followed by different overwintering temperatures until death. During
 the migratory phase, warmer temperatures reduced male body condition,
 increased male mortality, increased mating frequency, and caused females
 to prematurely abandon diapause and invest in oocytes in the absence of
 milkweed. Monarchs who experienced warm migratory conditions prior to
 overwintering also exhibited greater overwintering reproductive investment
 and mortality. Overall, reproductive investment and OE burden were the
 best predictors of death. These data suggest that warm migratory
 temperature significantly alters monarch physiology and fitness and
 provide a mechanism by which climate change can facilitate migratory
 failure, winter-breeding, and overwintering mortality, all of which
 decrease overwintering population size.
description: # Data from: The impact of temperature on the reproductive development,
 body condition, and mortality of fall migrating monarch butterflies in the
 laboratory
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgg5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgg5) ## Description of the data and file structure Migrating monarch butterflies collected in Oklahoma in October 2023. Placed in two simulated migratory temperature treatments (cold and warm) under laboratory conditions. After 30 days, monarchs were placed in two simulated overwintering temperature treatments (cold and warm) until their death. For all files, missing values were replaced with "N/A". ### Files and variables #### File: femmigration.xlsx **Description:** Female migration data file ##### Variables * ID: ID of the butterfly * Sex * Iwgt = Initial weight in grams * VL = wing vein length in mm * ICON = initial condition calculated as Iwgt/VL. * MTRT = Migration Treatment (cold or warm) * MINC = Migration incubator group * Mcage = migration cage * MDOD = Migration day of death * Mcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive, respectively * Status = alive or dead * Mmate = Migratory mating occurrence * PMwgt = Post Mating weight * Pmcon = Post mating condition * PMCcon = Post mating condition change * OWTRT = Overwintering treatment (cold or warm) * OWIG = Overwintering Incubator group * Owcage = Overwintering cage * OWDOD = Overwintering day of death * Censor(117) = 0 or 1; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * Owcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * OWMate = Overwintering mating occurance * OWwgt = Overwintering weight at death (in g) * Owcon = Overwintering condition at death = OWwgt / VL * OWCCON = Overwintering change in condition * MO = mature oocytes encountered * OE(all) = total OE spore count  * OE = OE spore count with counts below 100 converted to zero * SROE = square root OE #### File: malmigration.xlsx **Description:** Male migration data file ##### Variables * ID, * Sex * Iwgt = Initial weight in grams * VL = wing vein length in mm * ICON = initial condition calculated as Iwgt/VL. * MTRT = Migration Treatment (cold or warm) * MINC = Migration incubator group * Mcage = migration cage * MDOD = Migration day of death * Mcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive, respectively * Status = alive or dead * Mmate = Migratory mating occurrence * PMwgt = Post Mating weight * Pmcon = Post mating condition * PMCcon = Post mating condition change * OWTRT = Overwintering treatment (cold or warm) * OWIG = Overwintering Incubator group * Owcage = Overwintering cage * OWDOD = Overwintering day of death * Censor(117) = 0 or 1; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * Owcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * OWMate = Overwintering mating occurance * OWwgt = Overwintering weight at death * Owcon = Overwintering condition at death = OWwgt / VL * OWCCON = Overwintering change in condition * MO = mature oocytes encountered * OE(all) = total OE spore count  * OE = OE spore count with counts below 100 converted to zero * SROE = square root OE #### File: migdeadfem.xlsx **Description:** Females that died during the migratory experimental phase ##### Variables * ID, * Sex * Iwgt = Initial weight in grams * VL = wing vein length in mm * ICON = initial condition calculated as Iwgt/VL. * MTRT = Migration Treatment (cold or warm) * MINC = Migration incubator group * Mcage = migration cage * MDOD = Migration day of death * MCEN = migration censor = 0 or 1; dead or alive, respectively  * Mcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive, respectively * Status = alive or dead * Mmate = Migratory mating occurrence * PMwgt = Post Mating weight * Pmcon = Post mating condition * PMCcon = Post mating condition change * MO = mature oocytes encountered * OE(all) = total OE spore count  * SROE(all) = square root of OE(all) * OE = OE spore count with counts below 100 converted to zero * SROE = square root OE #### File: Migration.xlsx **Description:** All data from malmigration and femmigration combined ##### Variables * ID, * Sex * Iwgt = Initial weight in grams * VL = wing vein length in mm * ICON = initial condition calculated as Iwgt/VL. * MTRT = Migration Treatment (cold or warm) * MINC = Migration incubator group * Mcage = migration cage * MDOD = Migration day of death * Mcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive, respectively * Status = alive or dead * Mmate = Migratory mating occurrence * PMwgt = Post Mating weight * Pmcon = Post mating condition * PMCcon = Post mating condition change * OWTRT = Overwintering treatment (cold or warm) * OWIG = Overwintering Incubator group * Owcage = Overwintering cage * OWDOD = Overwintering day of death * Censor(117) = 0 or 1; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * Owcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * OWMate = Overwintering mating occurance * OWwgt = Overwintering weight at death * Owcon = Overwintering condition at death = OWwgt / VL * OWCCON = Overwintering change in condition * MO = mature oocytes encountered * OE(all) = total OE spore count  * SROE(all) = square room or OE(all) * OE = OE spore count with counts below 100 converted to zero * SROE = square root OE #### File: no_MO_fems.xlsx **Description:** Females that did not produce mature oocytes (MOs) ##### Variables * ID, * Sex * Iwgt = Initial weight in grams * VL = wing vein length in mm * ICON = initial condition calculated as Iwgt/VL. * MTRT = Migration Treatment (cold or warm) * MINC = Migration incubator group * Mcage = migration cage * MDOD = Migration day of death * Mcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive, respectively * Status = alive or dead * Mmate = Migratory mating occurrence * PMwgt = Post Mating weight * Pmcon = Post mating condition * PMCcon = Post mating condition change * OWTRT = Overwintering treatment (cold or warm) * OWIG = Overwintering Incubator group * Owcage = Overwintering cage * OWDOD = Overwintering day of death * Censor(117) = 0 or 1; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * Owcensor = 1 or 0; dead or alive on experimental day 117, respectively * OWMate = Overwintering mating occurance * OWwgt = Overwintering weight at death * Owcon = Overwintering condition at death = OWwgt / VL * OWCCON = Overwintering change in condition * MO = mature oocytes encountered * OE(all) = total OE spore count  * OE = OE spore count with counts below 100 converted to zero * SROE = square root OE ## Code/software Data files are in .xls format