cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.95x69p8hx
title: Hawkmoths use wingstroke-to-wingstroke frequency modulation for aerial recovery to vortex ring perturbations

description: Centimetre-scale fliers must contend with the high power requirements of
 flapping flight. Insects have elastic elements in their thoraxes which may
 reduce the inertial costs of their flapping wings. Matching wingbeat
 frequency to a mechanical resonance can be energetically favourable, but
 also poses control challenges. Many insects use frequency modulation on
 long timescales, but wingstroke-to-wingstroke modulation of wingbeat
 frequencies in a resonant spring-wing system is potentially costly because
 muscles must work against the elastic flight system. Nonetheless, rapid
 frequency and amplitude modulation may be a useful control modality. The
 hawkmoth Manduca sexta has an elastic thorax capable of storing and
 returning significant energy. However, its nervous system also has the
 potential to modulate the driving frequency of flapping because its flight
 muscles are synchronous. We tested whether hovering hawkmoths rapidly
 alter frequency during perturbations with vortex rings. We observed both
 frequency modulation (32% around mean) and amplitude modulation (37%)
 occurring over several wingstrokes. Instantaneous phase analysis of wing
 kinematics revealed that more than 85% of perturbation responses required
 active changes in neurogenic driving frequency. Unlike their robotic
 counterparts that abdicate frequency modulation for energy efficiency,
 synchronous insects use wingstroke-to-wingstroke frequency modulation
 despite the power demands required for deviating from resonance.
description: This dataset contains raw kinematic traces from freely
 flying <em>Manduca sexta</em> following a vortex perturbation
 recorded at 2000 fps.
description: Usage information is included in the ReadMe.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2fqz6166
title: Heat tolerances of temperate and tropical birds and their implications for susceptibility to climate warming

description: Characterizing heat tolerance is critical for predicting an organism’s
 vulnerability to climate warming. Recent studies of ectotherms report that
 impacts of climate warming are expected to be greater in the tropics,
 where ectotherms tend to have lower heat tolerances and experience air
 temperatures closer to their heat tolerance limits than their temperate
 counterparts. However, similar comparisons of heat tolerance are largely
 lacking for endotherms, and it remains an open question whether climate
 warming will also disproportionately affect tropical endotherms. To
 address this empirical gap, we measured thermoregulatory responses to
 acute heat stress in 81 bird species (23 temperate, 58 tropical),
 assembling the largest comparative dataset of endothermic heat tolerances
 to date. After controlling for body mass and experimental chamber
 humidity, temperate species had significantly higher heat tolerance limits
 (ΔHTL = 2.2 °C; 45.2 vs. 40 °C) and upper critical temperatures (ΔUCT =
 1.1 °C; 38.7 vs. 37.6 °C) on average than tropical species. Importantly,
 however, these differences do not appear to impact vulnerability to
 climate warming, as neither thermal safety margins (i.e. the difference
 between UCT and maximum air temperature, Tmax) nor warming tolerances (
 the difference between HTL and Tmax) differed between temperate and
 tropical species. We also observed substantial variation in heat tolerance
 among avian orders, with pigeons and doves (Columbiformes) being among the
 most heat tolerant species in our dataset. Overall, our results suggest
 that, from a physiological standpoint, tropical birds may not be
 systematically more susceptible to climate warming than temperate birds,
 contrasting previous studies of ectotherms. Furthermore, we show that
 certain avian clades may be more resilient to warming irrespective of
 local climate. However, because we only sampled at one temperate and one
 tropical site, we caution that replication from other habitats and
 localities are needed to evaluate the generality of our findings.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r1
title: Wildflower strips enhance wild bee reproductive success

description: 1. Intensification of agriculture has resulted in a simplification and
 fragmentation of agroecosystems. Yet, its impact on the reproductive
 success and population dynamics of wild bees, and how adverse effects can
 be mitigated, remains poorly understood. 2. We established populations of
 seven solitary bee species varying in body size in experimentally sown
 wild flower strips (WFS), existing semi-natural habitats (SNH; forest
 edges) and isolated sites lacking WFS and SNH in the local surrounding
 (350 m radius) to test whether (i) the wild bee species use planted
 flowers of wildflower strips (WFS) to provision offspring with pollen,
 (ii) whether vicinity to WFS reduces their foraging trip duration, (iii)
 parasitism rate, and (iv) increases bee reproductive success of nesting
 populations. Furthermore, we tested whether the effect size depends on the
 body size of the bee species considered. 3. We show that wild bees nesting
 in WFS provisioned their offspring primarily with pollen from plants of
 WFS. This led to shorter foraging trips of all bee species nesting in WFS
 compared to bees nesting in isolated (unrestored) sites and overall
 increased reproductive success (i.e. more viable offspring). Reproductive
 success of bees nesting in WFS was also higher, and parasitism rates
 lower, compared to bees nesting at forest edges. Smaller-potentially less
 mobile-bee species benefitted more than larger ones from WFS plantings in
 terms of reproductive success. 4. Synthesis and applications.Our findings
 demonstrate that diverse WFS can enhance the reproductive success of
 multiple solitary wild bee species, thereby mitigating negative impacts of
 agroecosystem simplification through the provision of suitable floral
 resources and reduced foraging times required for offspring provisioning.
 Our study further indicates that a relatively fine-meshed network of
 wildflower plantings and nesting habitats is required to most effectively
 enhance reproduction and populations of solitary bees in agricultural
 landscapes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79gj
title: Data from: Lining the nest with more feathers increases offspring recruitment probability: Selection on an extended phenotype in the blue tit

description: Birds, among various other taxa, construct nests. Nests form an extended
 phenotype of the individual building it. Nests are used to extend control
 over the conditions in which offspring develop, and are therefore commonly
 considered to be shaped by selection. Nevertheless, scarcely any
 scientific evidence exist that nest composition is under selection. Here,
 we demonstrate with data from over 400 blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)
 nests collected over eight years that a higher proportion of feathers in
 the nest lining is positively associated with the probability of offspring
 to recruit as a breeding adult later in life. Strikingly, the extended
 phenotype (nest) was associated stronger with recruitment probability than
 phenotypic traits that have typically been considered important in
 selection (laying date, and female size and condition). Our findings
 suggest that the choice of nest material could be a maternal behaviour
 with potential lifelong effects on her offspring.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwcq
title: Phylogenomic analysis of ultraconserved elements resolves the evolutionary and biogeographic history of Segmented Trapdoor Spiders

description: The segmented trapdoor spiders (Liphistiidae) are the sole surviving
 family of the suborder Mesothelae, which forms the sister lineage to all
 other living spiders. Liphistiids have retained a number of plesiomorphic
 traits and their present-day distribution is limited to East and Southeast
 Asia. Studying this group has the potential to shed light on the deep
 evolutionary history of spiders, but the phylogeny and divergence times of
 the family have not been resolved with confidence. We performed
 phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses of 2,765 ultraconserved element
 loci from 185 liphistiid taxa. Our analyses show that the crown group of
 Liphistiidae appeared in the mid-Cretaceous at 102 Ma (95% credibility
 interval 92–113 Ma), but it was not until the Neogene that much of the
 diversification within the family occurred in mainland Southeast and East
 Asia. This diversification was coincident with tectonic events such as the
 extension of the East Asian continental margin, as well as geological
 upheavals in Indochina induced by the collision between India and Asia.
 Our study highlights the important role of major tectonic events in
 shaping the evolutionary history, present-day diversity, and geographical
 distribution of mesothele and liphistiid spiders.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1vp6
title: Data from: Maximum parsimony inference of phylogenetic networks in the presence of polyploid complexes

description: Phylogenetic networks provide a powerful framework for modeling and
 analyzing reticulate evolutionary histories. While polyploidy has been
 shown to be prevalent not only in plants but also in other groups of
 eukaryotic species, most work done thus far on phylogenetic network
 inference assumes diploid hybridization. These inference methods have been
 applied, with varying degrees of  success, to data sets with
 polyploid species, even though polyploidy violates the mathematical
 assumptions underlying these methods. Statistical methods were developed
 recently for handling specific types of polyploids and so were parsimony
 methods that could handle polyploidy more generally yet while excluding
 processes such as incomplete lineage sorting. In this paper, we introduce
 a new method for inferring most parsimonious phylogenetic networks on data
 that include polyploid species. Taking gene trees as input, the method
 seeks a phylogenetic network that minimizes deep coalescences while
 accounting for polyploidy. The method could also infer trees, thus
 potentially distinguishing between auto- and allo-polyploidy. We
 demonstrate the performance of the method on both simulated and biological
 data. The inference method as well as a method for evaluating given
 phylogenetic networks are implemented and publicly available in the
 PhyloNet software package.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp1z
title: Population genetic structure Arctosa sanctaerosae

description: The continued increase in the number of tourists visiting the Northern
 Gulf Coast (NGC), USA, in the last century, and the resulting sprawl of
 large cities along the coast, has degraded and fragmented the available
 habitat of Arctosa sanctaerosae, a wolf spider endemic to the secondary
 dunes of the white sandy beaches of the NGC. In addition to anthropogenic
 disturbance to this coastal region, hurricanes are an additional and
 natural perturbation to the ecosystem. The data presented here explore the
 status of populations of this species spanning the entire known range and
 the factors influencing population demography including anthropogenic
 disturbance and severe tropical storms. Using microsatellite markers, we
 were able to document the genetic structure of Arctosa sanctaerosae,
 including current and historical patterns of migration. These results
 combined with ecological and census data reveal the characteristics that
 have influenced population persistence: ecological variables affecting the
 recovery of the population clusters after severe tropical storms, genetic
 fragmentation due to anthropogenic disturbance, and their interaction.
  These findings demonstrate the significance that the high
 traffic beach communities of the NGC and their impact on the once intact
 contiguous dune ecosystem have on recovery after severe tropical storms.
 Contemporary modeling methods that compare current and historical levels
 of gene flow suggest Arctosa sanctaerosae has experienced a single,
 contiguous population subdivision, and the isolates reduced in size since
 the onset of commercial development of the NGC. These results point to the
 need for monitoring of the species and increased protection for this
 endangered habitat. 
description: Tissue samples from 20 individuals collected from each of the
 sites were collected between June 1<sup>st</sup> and
 11<sup>th</sup> 2007 to be used in genetic analyses. All
 individuals were stored at -80°C in 100% ethanol and approximately 1 mg of
 tissue acquired from the legs was used for subsequent DNA extraction
 (Qiagen DNeasy kit). Target microsatellite sequences were amplified using
 11 microsatellite primers, ten developed for the study species (Hataway et
 al. 2011) and an addition developed for a sister taxa.
 Fluorescence-labeled fragments were visualized on an ABI 3130 and allele
 sizes were determined through comparison with a known size standard
 (GeneScan -500 ROX) using GENEMAPPER version 3.7. All scores were checked
 manually and ambiguous fragments were reanalyzed.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kh1893240
title: Robust analysis of phylogenetic tree space

description: Phylogenetic analyses often produce large numbers of trees. Mapping trees’
 distribution in “tree space” can illuminate the behavior and performance
 of search strategies, reveal distinct clusters of optimal trees, and
 expose differences between different data sources or phylogenetic
 methods—but the high-dimensional spaces defined by metric distances are
 necessarily distorted when represented in fewer dimensions. Here, I
 explore the consequences of this transformation in phylogenetic search
 results from 128 morphological data sets, using stratigraphic congruence—a
 complementary aspect of tree similarity—to evaluate the utility of
 low-dimensional mappings. I find that phylogenetic similarities between
 cladograms are most accurately depicted in tree spaces derived from
 information-theoretic tree distances or the quartet distance.
 Robinson–Foulds tree spaces exhibit prominent distortions and often fail
 to group trees according to phylogenetic similarity, whereas the strong
 influence of tree shape on the Kendall–Colijn distance makes its tree
 space unsuitable for many purposes. Distances mapped into two or even
 three dimensions often display little correspondence with true distances,
 which can lead to profound misrepresentation of clustering structure.
 Without explicit testing, one cannot be confident that a tree space
 mapping faithfully represents the true distribution of trees, nor that
 visually evident structure is valid. My recommendations for tree space
 validation and visualization are implemented in a new graphical user
 interface in the “TreeDist” R package.
description: Projections of the 128 datasets from Wright & Lloyd
 (2020, doi:10.1111/pala.12500) into six dimensions, with evaluations of
 projection quality, clusterings and correlation with stratigraphic
 fit. File names detail the dataset, tree distance
 method, and projection method. Abbreviations:
 cid, clustering information distance, treating trees as unrooted
 (cid) / rooted (cidR); es, split size vector
 metric; kc, Kendall–Colijn distance;
 msid, matching split information distance;
 path, path distance; pid, phylogenetic
 information distance; qd[R], quartet distance, treating
 trees as unrooted (qd) / rooted (qdR); rf,
 Robinson–Foulds distance; cca, curvilinear components
 analysis; dif, diffusion mapping;
 ks1, Kruskal-1 MDS; leim, Laplacian
 eigenmapping; nls, Sammon MDS; pco,
 principle components (classic MDS); tsne, t-distributed
 stochastic neighbour embedding. Trees sourced from
 https://github.com/graemetlloyd/ProjectWhalehead/tree/master/Data/CombinedTrees References to original studies listed at https://github.com/graemetlloyd/ProjectWhalehead/tree/master/Data/XML.
description: Underlying data and scripts necessary for reproduction are
 included as described in the README.md file.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.927599
title: Aseismic strain counts, ARCO 2010-03-20 to 2010-04-09
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.927602
title: Aseismic strain counts, QUAR 2010-03-20 to 2010-04-09
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2z8f
title: Introduced plants of Lupinus polyphyllus are larger but flower less frequently than conspecifics from the native range: Results of the first year

description: Introduced species, which establish in novel environments, provide an
 opportunity to explore trait evolution and how it may contribute to the
 distribution and spread of species. Here, we explore trait changes of the
 perennial herb Lupinus polyphyllus based on 11 native populations in the
 western USA and 17 introduced populations in Finland. More specifically,
 we investigated whether introduced populations outperformed native
 populations in traits measured in situ (seed mass) and under common garden
 conditions during their first year (plant size, flowering probability, and
 number of flowering shoots). We also explored whether climate of origin
 (temperature) influenced plant traits, and quantified the degree to which
 trait variability was explained collectively by country and temperature as
 compared to other population-level differences. Three out of four plant
 traits differed between the native and introduced populations; only seed
 mass was similar between countries, with most of its variation attributed
 to other sources of intraspecific variation not accounted for by country
 and temperature. Under common garden conditions, plants originating from
 introduced populations were larger than those originating from native
 populations. However, plants from the introduced range flowered less
 frequently and had fewer flowering shoots than their native-range
 counterparts. Temperature of a population’s origin influenced plant size
 in the common garden, with plant size increasing with increasing mean
 annual temperature in both native and introduced populations. Our results
 of the first year reveal genetic basis for phenotypic differences in some
 fitness-related traits between the native and introduced populations of L.
 polyphyllus. However, not all of these trait differences necessarily
 contribute to the invasion success of the species and thus may not be
 adaptive, which raises a question how persistent the trait differences
 observed in the first year are later in individuals’ life for perennial
 herbs.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.927598
title: Aseismic strain counts, ARCO 2007-09-28
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.954893
title: Foraminiferal census data for the &gt;125 µm fraction of diverse environments of sub-Antarctic fjords, South Georgia

description: Funding: Response to environmental changes and post-industrial recovery of foraminifera from South Georgia fjords, sub-Antarctic (Award: 2018/31/B/ST10/02886)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.927596
title: Aseismic strain counts, MRUS_2007-09-28
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.927597
title: Aseismic strain counts, MRUS 2006-10-17 to 2006-11-06
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.913749
title: Grain size distribution in dune sediments of Orog Nuur
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d51c5b01k
title: Sponge-like rigid structures in frictional granular packings

description: We show how rigidity emerges in experiments of sheared two-dimensional
 frictional granular materials by using generalizations of two methods for
 identifying rigid structures. Both approaches, the force-based dynamical
 matrix and the topology-based rigidity percolation, agree with each other
 and identify similar rigid structures. As the system becomes jammed, at a
 critical contact number  z = 2.4±0.1, a rigid
 backbone interspersed with floppy, particle-filled holes of a broad range
 of sizes emerges, creating a sponge-like morphology. While the pressure
 within rigid structures always exceeds the pressure outside the rigid
 structures, they are not identified with the force chains of shear
 jamming. These findings highlight the need to focus on mechanical
 stability arising through arch structures and hinges at the mesoscale.
description: We perform pure shear experiments on a monolayer of N = 826
 photoelastic bidisperse disks. The two particle radii are R1 = 5.5 mm and
 R2 = 7.7 mm and the particles are initially confined to an area of
 approximately L = 0.5 × 0.5 m. Two of the confining walls are controlled
 by stepper motors; to impose simple shear, one wall moves in while the
 other moves out in a series of quasi-static steps. After n steps, the
 shear is reversed back to the initial state. The floor of the shear cell
 is a porous frit through which air flows to allow the particles to float
 on a gentle air cushion, creating a system without basal friction. The
 particles are made of a photoelastic material (Vishay PhotoStress PSM-4)
 and illuminated by polarized light with an opposing polarizer on the
 camera.  Using the Photo-elastic Grain Solver
 (https://github.com/jekollmer/PEGS) we measure the vector contact forces
 on all particles.
description: Detailed information about the data format is found in the
 included readme.txt file.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.935702
title: Line-of-Sight Velocities of Priestley Glacier, Antarctica, aquired with Terrestrial Radar Interferometry

description: These data were aquired with a Terrestrial Radar Interferometer overlooking the grounding zone of Priestley Glacier, Antarctica. The time series contains line-of-sight velocities averaged over 3 h over an approximately 8 day period in November 2018.Tidal modulation of ice streams and their adjacent ice shelves is a real-world experiment to understand ice-dynamic processes. We observe the dynamics of Priestley Glacier, Antarctica, using Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) and GNSS. Ocean tides are predominantly diurnal but horizontal GNSS displacements oscillate also semi-diurnally. The oscillations are strongest in the ice shelf and tidal signatures decay near-linearly in the TRI data over &gt;10 km upstream of the grounding line. Tidal flexing is observed &gt;6 km upstream of the grounding line including cm-scale uplift. Tidal grounding line migration is small and &lt;40 % of the ice thickness. The frequency doubling of horizontal displacements relative to the ocean tides is consistent with variable ice-shelf buttressing demonstrated with a visco-elastic Maxwell model. Taken together, this supports previously hypothesized flexural ice softening in the grounding-zone through tides and offers new observational constraints for the role of ice rheology in ice-shelf buttressing.
description: Time series of line-of-sight flowfields averaged over approximately three hours.Data were taken with a Terrestrial Radar Interferometer in November 2018 at the grounding zone of Priestley Glacier, Antarctica– The Zip Archive contains 288 Geotiff in South polar stereographic projection– Each raster has 4027 x 4746 entries– The file name details the approximately 3h time inverval of aquisition with Stack_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS marking the beginning and end of the time interval, respectively.- The line of sight velocities are given in meters per year
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.974731
title: Grain size composition of marine surface sediments of the Canadian Arctic

description: Grain size were measured on 141 marine surface and terrestrial sediment samples to study modern sediment dynamics within the Canadian Arctic (CA) and to provide an assessment of metals enrichment for V, Zn, Mn and Fe. Samples were collected from different areas between Baffin Bay and Beaufort Sea during several ArcticNet expeditions (2016-2022) onboard the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen. The ship helicopter was used to access terrestrial sampling sites. The marine sediments were sampled with a box corer (50cm x 50cm x 60cm) and the surface uppermost 1 cm of each box core was sampled. Push cores (10 cm diameter) were taken from each box core collected and the base (lowermost 1-2 cm) of 37 of these push cores were used in this study to establish a regional background. Grain size data were measured with a Malvern PANalytical Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction grain-size analyzer.