cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0018
title: Freeze stability of starch mixtures. Interest of konjac glucomannan in reducing the freezable water and impact on gelatinization properties of potato starch.

description: Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a very attractive hydrocolloid with a very high water holding capacity. It is put to the fore by the media and attracts a lot of interest for specific applications such as gelling of liquids for elderly (dysphagia problems), ability to enhance satiety (diet applications), and others. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) could be a useful ingredient in increasing water holding capacity of starch gels and might affect the starch gelatinization.
The objective of this study is to characterize the ability of blends of starch and KGM to reduce the amount of freezable water and to observe the influence of addition of this hydrocolloid on the gelatinization properties of potato starch.
The effects of KGM on the gelatinization properties of potato starches were investigated by DSC showing that the addition of 1% (w/w) KGM in starch suspensions causes a decrease in the amount of available water. This appeared sufficient to disrupt the gelatinization of potato starch; in turn a higher stability of starch suspension containing small amount of KGM are expected to have a better stability in terms of texture and a better freeze-thaw tolerance.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0019
title: Phase change under static electrical field; in the case of lipids.

description: Phase change in biological tissues may be affected by electrical and magnetic disturbances. Freezing under static electric field of water, aqueous solution and pork meat has been investigated by the authors, showing the ability of this process to refine ice crystals in frozen matrices. SEF affects the supercooling, which is usually reduced with SEF. SEF also triggers the nucleation. The use of radiofrequencies and microwaves has also been used recently by researchers to promote refined ice crystallization in food systems. A focus is proposed on recent experiments done on solidification of a vegetable fat mix (Vegetaline ® – France) under static electric field (SEF). Results showed that SEF affects the supercooling and the phase change temperature of the fat mix indicating a possible impact on the crystalline structure of the solidified fat.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0020
title: Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of freezing process applied to fresh wolfberries.

description: Wolfberries can enhance the immune system, improve eye sight, and circulation, and to possess anticarcinogenic properties. However, the fresh wolfberries are very difficult to preserve. Freezing is a well-known and widely used long-term food preservation process. In this work , the freezing process of the fresh wolfberries is studied with numerical simulation and experimental investigation. The computational fluid dynamics method is used to analyze the temperature evolution in the fresh wolfberries during freezing. And the simulation results were compared to experimental freezing curves using different fresh wolfberries for freezing. A good agreement between measurements and model predictions were obtained. In addition, the effects of freezing process on fresh wolfberry storage quality in terms of quality attributes such as the sensory evaluation, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity content, Vitamin C content, and activity of peroxidase were studied. The results show that freezing has beneficial effect on the preservation of fresh wolfberries.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0029
title: Improving the energy efficiency and milk quality with CO2 refrigeration systems with heat recovery on New Zealand dairy farms.

description: At the average New Zealand dairy farm about 6,131 litres of milk is produced daily on average from 420 cows over a 300 day period. The cows are dry for about 8-10 weeks during May to July. The warm milk from the cow is pumped into a tank with a part refrigerated wall and slowly cooled with an agitator providing movement of the milk past the cooled tank wall.
It is proposed that a small CO2 system with heat recovery produces chilled and hot water at low off peak electricity rates. Chilled water equal to 1.5 times the daily milk production is stored, as is hot water for daily CIP and general cleaning.
During milking the milk is cooled very quickly to a temperature not exceeding 7°C before it enters the storage tank. Below 7°C salmonella and E-coli do not grow. In addition to enhanced food safety, other benefits of the proposed CO2 refrigeration technology are improved product quality, reduced energy consumption and costs, and reduced direct and indirect Global Warming Emissions.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0030
title: Cooling in Mediterranean hotels during summertime experience from the NEZEH (Nearly Zero Energy Hotels) project.

description: In Mediterranean areas, during summertime, the demand for electricity greatly increases due to the extensive use of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, increasing the peak electric load, causing major problems in the electric supply. The seasonal temperatures have a direct impact on the pattern of the power demand in the area, so most buildings are cooled by electrically powered, conventional, vapour compression systems.
The European Policy (EPBD recast, Energy Efficiency Directive) motivates the Member States to establish a long-term strategy for mobilizing investment in the renovation of the national stock of residential and commercial buildings, both public and private.
This paper presents the first results of the actual performance of Mediterranean hotels in Greece, Croatia, Italy and Spain analyzed in the framework of the nearly Zero Energy Hotels (neZEH) project putting emphasis on the cooling demand due to their seasonal summertime operation.
The applied methodology consists of providing technical advice, demonstrating the feasibility and sustainability of investments towards zero energy, undertaking training and capacity building activities, as well as promoting front runners at national, regional and EU level.
Amongst the measures which will improve the HVAC consumption, simple interventions are also included offering the most attractive payback (i.e installation of thermostatic valves or stop leaks improvements). The most common economically appealing are Building Energy Management System (BEMS), the replacement of current heat pumps by more efficient ones, but also the outdoor redesign for improved microclimate.
DOI: 10.5063/f1sj1hhd
title: Mesopelagic excursions in oceanic whitetip sharks

description: This dataset corresponds to the Ecology and Evolution publication entitled "Into the deep: the functionality of mesopelagic excursions by an oceanic apex predator" by Lucy A. Howey, Emily R. Tolentino, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Edward J. Brooks, Debra L. Abercrombie, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Sean Williams, Annabelle Brooks, Demian D. Chapman, and Lance K. B. Jordan. Please refer to this publication and the corresponding supporting information for details regarding the data.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-6727-8
title: Quarterly Labour Force Survey, 1992-2015: Secure Access
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0031
title: Performance data of insulated paint on refrigerated equipment.

description: Refrigerated equipment requires an insulated body/container to limit the heat transfer between the exterior and interior. Current equipment is normally insulated with a polymer expanded into a solid foam matrix using a blowing agent. Recent legislation has led to changes in the blowing agent, due to environmental pressure to limit their GWP, with the consequence of less efficient insulation.
With the advent of nanotechnology, several types of insulating paint products have emerged where it has been suggested that the existing insulation of a structure can be enhanced by their application.
Data is presented on the thermal transmission of a panel van and a container coated with ‘insulating paint’.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0032
title: Creation of a screening analytical approach for the efficient detection of anomalous performance across large refrigeration pack estates using electrical usage data.

description: Historical analysis of electrical energy usage data from over 350 High Temperature and Low Temperature retail refrigeration packs has shown a very high level of variability in pack electrical energy usage. This noisy big data environment makes the task of detecting anomalous pack behaviour energy wastage events, a very difficult one. This paper attempts to address this problem, by presenting a modified process characterization approach that through the meaningful subcategorisation and statistical analysis of a pack’s annualized energy usage, can give the practitioner a much better understanding of the relative contributions of baseload, within day variation, and summer seasonal variation sources, present within a pack. It goes on to show that the resultant creation of a screening analytic using only electrical usage data, when applied across a complete estate, can deliver effective pack level nomaly detection, and subsequent cost savings through the timely detection and avoidance of these significant energy wastage events.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0003
title: Women in the cold chain industry.

description: The refrigeration industry plays a major and increasing role in today’s global economy, with significant contributions made in food, health, energy and environmental domains which policy makers need to better understand and take into account. The need for engineering and technical staff is currently increasing due to the growing demand for refrigerating capacities, along with the unique skills required of refrigeration-related professions in the field of energy and environment. Women are still significantly and visibly under-represented in the refrigeration industry. The purpose of this paper demonstrates the current preliminary state-of-the-art of women in the refrigeration field collected from the national refrigeration institutions and associations. Incentive actions proposed are the outcomes of the first meeting of the IIR Women in Refrigeration workshop during ICR2015 in Yokohama, Japan.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0004
title: Sustainable development of transport refrigeration sector in South Africa.

description: The transport of perishable goods, mainly food stuffs, but also medicines, vaccines and flowers, requires refrigeration and insulated vehicles. Especially countries with high ambient temperatures have a growing demand for efficient and safe refrigerated transport. Currently, the available technologies for transport refrigeration systems in South Africa are inefficient units using refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP) and having high leakage rates. Furthermore, the thermal performance of insulated vehicles being manufactured in emerging countries differs significantly from industrialized countries.
The Transport Refrigeration Project aims to improve the overall performance of transport refrigeration in South Africa: Efficient transport refrigeration systems for small and large trucks have been developed using the low-GWP hydrocarbon refrigerant R290. The establishment of a first testing facility on the African continent will enable industry players to measure and improve the thermal performance of refrigerated vehicle bodies.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0063
title: Performance of a cooling system driven by engine exhaust heat.

description: The use of stationary generators for electricity generation is widespread in areas where access to power distribution networks is limited, including rural areas and in developing countries. Often, a significant portion of the electricity generated by these systems is used to provide refrigeration and cooling of food products, as well as medication and vaccines. However, the cost of providing electricity for refrigeration, by this means can be expensive, and means a significant amount of energy is rejected in the form of heat from the engine exhaust. Therefore, this study examines the feasibility of recovering the heat in the exhaust of a stationary engine and using this “waste” heat to drive a diffusion-absorption refrigeration. In doing so it shows that the exhaust heat can deliver useful cooling by this means, thus allowing the electricity generated to be used for other purposes and hence improving the sustainability of small scale generation systems.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0062
title: Hybrid double effect absorption refrigeration system with a preceded air dehumidification compared to a conventional compression refrigeration system.

description: In cold store refrigeration, depending on the ambient conditions a considerable part of the energy input is required to remove the latent heat, thus, to dehumidify the air. Separating the sensible cooling of the air from the removal of the latent cooling load in a two-stage absorption process bears the potential to increase energy efficiency significantly if dehumidification is driven by part of the heat rejected from the cooling.
To investigate this process, a closed absorption chiller combined with an open absorption liquid desiccant system is build up at TU Berlin. Measurements conducted at this test-rig are compared to a parameter study of an electrically driven compression refrigerating system. Both processes are evaluated regarding its primary energy consumption.
The analysis reveals boundary conditions under which the absorption process could reduce primary energy consumption of cold storages and thus, could increase the economic viability.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0060
title: Efficiency of air dehumidification on the drying process in a food plant.

description: To reduce the proliferation of bacteria inside a food plant, cleaning and disinfection are performed every day. These operations are followed by drying which has to be as quick as possible. This study shows the influence of a dehumidifier on the water mass evolutions on the surfaces such as floor, wall and equipment during the drying of a food plant. The temperature, relative humidity and water mass evolution during drying period were monitored in a food plant running under two conditions: with and without dehumidifier. The results comparison shows that drying rate is about 1.5 times higher with dehumidifier.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0064
title: Energy performances of low charge NH3 systems in practice.

description: The paper describes the measured energy performances of two medium sized refrigerated distribution centres with respective storage volumes of approximately 10,000 and 40,000 m³. The performance evaluations are based on the electrical energy consumption as measured by the electrical energy provider over one calendar year. Both systems are serviced by state of the art low charge, dual stage NH3 refrigeration systems with VFD controlled reciprocating compressors; evaporative condensers and hot gas defrost.
In the case of one plant the contribution of the photovoltaic panels to the energy requirement of the facility as a whole is shown on a month by month basis.
An energy performance comparison is also made between two refrigerated distribution centres each with a volume of approximately 10,000 m³, but serviced by two different types of ammonia refrigeration systems. In one case the plant is a single stage economized dual screw compressor based system with gravity flooded refrigerant feed. In the other case the plant is a low charge NH3 dual stage system with speed controlled semi-industrial reciprocating compressors. Other features of the two facilities including general warehouse design are more or less identical. The energy performance comparisons are again based on the electrical energy consumption as recorded by the electrical energy provider over one calendar year.
All facilities have a common owner. The differences in the modes of operation and the products stored are therefore minimal between the plants compared. There are minor differences in climatic conditions between the three sites.
DOI: 10.5258/soton/384728
title: External cavity diode laser based upon an integrated optical fiber platform.

description: Plotted Data Description:

Acetylene Spectrum OSA	
Col 1	Wavelength (nm)
Col 2	Power (dBm)
	
Grating Reflection Spectrum	
Col 1	Wavelength (nm)
Col 2	Power (dBc)
	
Current Power & Voltage	
Col 1	Current (mA)
Col 2	Power (mW)
Col 3	Potential (V)
	
Laser Spectrum OSA	
Col 1	Wavelength (nm)
Col 2	Power (dBm)
	
Acetylene Scan	
Col 1	Wavelength (nm)
Col 2	Absorption Coefficient
	
Agilent 81640B RIN	
Col 1	Frequency (Hz)
Col 2	RIN (dBc/Hz)
	
IOF RIN	
Col 1	Frequency (Hz)
Col 2	RIN (dBc/Hz)
	
Phase Noise	
Col 1	Frequency (Hz)
Col 2	Phase Noise (dBc/Hz)
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0061
title: Refrigerant leakage in the refrigerated transport sector.

description: Leakage of refrigerant, especially hydrofluorocarbons, has a direct and major impact on global warming due to their high global warming potential.
Within the refrigerated transport sector, more than 90% of the refrigerating units are still using R404A as a refrigerant, a Hydrofluorocarbon which has a very high GWP (3940). Moreover, on-board equipment are subjected to vibrations, large ambient temperature variations and obvious accidentology increasing the risk of leakage.
Cemafroid was involved in 2015 in a research program1 in order to develop a guidance document to help final users or maintenance companies to minimize refrigerant leaks for all kind of refrigerating equipment and sectors (Transport, storage, commercial refrigeration, Food industry and Air conditioning). Cemafroid deeply analyzed refrigerant leakages in the refrigerated transport sector with the help of one of the key European player.
The occurrences and the sources of leakage strongly depend on the technology used. Leaky components have been systematically identified for each transport refrigerating unit technology. Driven-belt units are much more susceptible to leakage than independent units. The main reasons are that mechanical stresses are more important and also because of the location of the compressor near the vehicle engine.
The authors also present the recommendations which aims at raising awareness among different stakeholders such as TRU manufacturers, installers, maintainers in order to reinforce containment for the entire life cycle of the equipment.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0050
title: Effects of controlled atmosphere and film packaging on the quality of sweet cherry at cold storage.

description: The effects of micro porous film (MF), anti-fogging CPP film (CPP) and controlled atmosphere (CA:12~15% CO2, 5~8% O2) packages on the quality of sweet cherry at 0℃ were investigated. The results showed that the shelf lives of sweet cherry treated with unpackaged (CK), MF, CPP and CA packages were 25, 37, 42, 56d with the sensory evaluation of 6, respectively. Compared with other treatments, CA package exerted the best effect, inhibited the activity of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and delayed the peak of the enzyme activity. Meanwhile, the weight loss, decay rate, peduncle dry rate, respiration rate and ethylene production rate of sweet cherry treated with CA were the lowest and the data were 4.92%, 7.78%, 20%, 23.56 mgCO2·kg-1·h-1 and 0.12 uL·kg-1·h-1 on day 56, respectively. Sweet cherry treated with CA also kept the best fruit color and maintained the highest soluble solid, titratable acid, vitamin c content with 14.87%, 0.59%, and 33.29mg·100g-1 on day 56, respectively.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0048
title: The effect of uninterrupted temperature jump shock treatment on the fresh-keeping quality of fruits and vegetables.

description: Based on theory of temperature shock treatment process of fruit and vegetables, we proposed a method of uninterrupted temperature jump shock treatment by combining cold and heat shock treatment (CHST), wich involved temperature jump processing from room temperature to low temperature (0°C) and then from low to high temperature (40°C). The experimental results showed that the weight loss rate, decay incidence, color difference and respiration rate of CHST were 8.2%, 12.5%, 6.2% and 15.9% lower than that of CST at the last day of storage. Meanwhile, the CAT and SOD activity of CHST was 7.9% and 12.5% higher than CST, which could reduce accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and free radical in organizations. That indicated uninterrupted temperature jump shock treatment can integrate both advantage of cold and heat shock treatment to further improve the fresh-keeping quality and prolong the shelf-life without destroying the tissue of cucumbers under the appropriate treatment intensity.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0049
title: Mechanism of inhibiting fresh Hericium erinaceus browning at low temperature.

description: Hericium erinaceus, also called Lion's Mane Mushroom (LMM), is a precious mushroom with a spherical fruit body and needle shaped mycelium. But the needle shaped mycelium of fresh mushroom is so tender that it is prone to damage during harvest and storage, resulting in browning and autolysis. In this article, the main reason of fresh LMN browning under different temperature was studied. The browning can be inhibited effectively at 1℃. Polyphenols of LMN, isolated and identified by LC-ESI-MS, were mainly L- dopa. During the storage, the activity of antioxidant enzymes including Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) was higher in samples at 1℃. And the higher content of non-enzyme substances including ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) was also found in samples at 1℃. It was likely that both these antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme substances contributed to the antioxidant ability of LMM resulting in the inhibition of oxidation browning and enzymatic browning.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0046
title: Industry survey on the pressure drop across palletised horticulture produce during precooling.

description: The pressure drops across palletised kiwifruit and apple pallets generated in commercially operated precoolers in New Zealand were surveyed. The measured data were widely spread across the precoolers and facilities. Overall, precoolers for kiwifruit exhibited lower pressure drops than what is generally recommended, but those for apple pre-coolers were within the range. From the surveyed data, baseline information about the current operating state of commercial precoolers can be utilized to improve their performance. Secondly, similar conditions which are currently used within the industry can be established to conduct smaller scale experimental work in the lab environment. Lastly, numerical models including CFD models can be operated in industry realistic conditions as indicated by the collected industry data.
DOI: 10.5066/f7125qr2
title: Concentration Trends for Lead and Calcium-Normalized Lead in Fish Fillets from the Big River, a Mining-Contaminated Stream in Southeastern Missouri USA

description: Lead (Pb) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were measured in fillet samples of longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) and suckers (Catostomidae) collected in 2005‒12 from the Big River, which drains a historical mining area in southeastern Missouri, where a consumption advisory is in effect due to elevated Pb concentrations in fish. Regression analysis indicated that fillet Ca explained 75‒&gt;99% of fillet Pb variation in mining-affected stream reaches. We used analysis-of-covariance to standardize Pb concentration to a common Ca concentration (415 ug/g wet weight), which reduced differences between taxa. Variation among sites and years also was reduced after Ca-normalization, as was the number of samples that exceeded the 300 ng/g wet weight advisory threshold used in Missouri. Concentrations of Pb in 2005-12 were lower than they were in the past, especially after Ca-normalization, but the consumption advisory is still warranted. A simple linear regression model is proposed for estimating Ca-normalized Pb concentrations in fillets.