DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8339m
title: Data from: Sympatric diversification vs. immigration: deciphering host-plant specialization in a polyphagous insect, the stolbur phytoplasma vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae)

description: The epidemiology of vector transmitted plant diseases is highly influenced
 by dispersal and the host-plant range of the vector. Widening the
 vector's host range may increase transmission potential, whereas
 specialization may induce specific disease cycles. The process leading to
 a vector's host shift and its epidemiological outcome is therefore
 embedded in the frameworks of sympatric evolution vs. immigration of
 preadapted populations. In this study, we analyse whether a host shift of
 the stolbur phytoplasma vector, Hyalesthes obsoletus from field bindweed
 to stinging nettle in its northern distribution range evolved
 sympatrically or by immigration. The exploitation of stinging nettle has
 led to outbreaks of the grapevine disease bois noir caused by a stinging
 nettle-specific phytoplasma strain. Microsatellite data from populations
 from northern and ancestral ranges provide strong evidence for sympatric
 host-race evolution in the northern range: Host-plant associated
 populations were significantly differentiated among syntopic sites (0.054
 &lt; FHT &lt; 0.098) and constant over 5 years. While gene flow
 was asymmetric from the old into the predicted new host race, which had
 significantly reduced genetic diversity, the genetic identity between
 syntopic host-race populations in the northern range was higher than
 between these populations and syntopic populations in ancestral ranges,
 where there was no evidence for genetic host races. Although immigration
 was detected in the northern field bindweed population, it cannot explain
 host-race diversification but suggests the introduction of a stinging
 nettle-specific phytoplasma strain by plant-unspecific vectors. The
 evolution of host races in the northern range has led to specific
 vector-based bois noir disease cycles.
description: Level-1_BacharachStructure data file. C. arvensis- and U. dioica-associated populations of H. obsoletus sampled over five consecutive years (2005-2009) at the syntopic site Bacharach, GermanyLevel-2_GermanyStructure data file for level 2 analysis. C. arvensis- and U. dioica-associated populations of H. obsoletus from Germany.Level-3_ItalySloveniaStructure data file for level-3 analyis. C. arvensis- and U. dioica-associated populations of H. obsoletus from Italy and SloveniaLevel-4_non-GermanPopsStructure data file for level-4 analyis. All non-German C. arvensis- and U. dioica-associated populations of H. obsoletusLevel-5_1Syntopic_per_countryStructure data file for level-5 analyis. Syntopic C. arvensis- and U. dioica-associated populations of H. obsoletus from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and Slovenia and one C. arvensis population from FranceLevel-5_1Syntopic.txtLevel-6_all_countriesStructure data file for level-6 analyis. All available populations, including samples collected from all host plants Convolvulus arvensis; Urtica dioica; Lavandula angustifolia; Solanum tuberosum; Vitex agnus-castus42_all_popsamples_ARLEQUINArlequin input file containing all 42 population samples of H. obsoletus. A population sample is defined as a sample of H. obsoletus collected from one site on one plant in one specific year. Please refer to table 2 for sample name abreviations