cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cb83072
title: Data from: A heritable symbiont and host-associated factors shape fungal endophyte communities across spatial scales

description: 1. Although microbial ecologists are intensely interested in the processes
 governing microbial community assembly, progress has been limited by a
 lack of studies that span multiple geographical scales and levels of
 biological organization. 2. We used high throughput sequencing to
 characterize foliar fungal endophyte communities and host plant genetic
 structure both within, and among, 24 populations of spotted locoweed
 (Astragalus lentiginosus) across the Great Basin Desert. 3. Across the
 Great Basin, both within, and among populations of the host plant, fungal
 endophyte richness was predicted by plant size and variation in the
 seed-borne, heritable fungus, Alternaria fulva, which produces the
 bioactive alkaloid swainsonine. 4. The degree of between-plant turnover in
 the endophyte community was inversely related to host plant inbreeding and
 average plant size, and positively related to the relative abundance of A.
 fulva. Plant size was inversely related to endophyte community richness,
 both among, and within populations. The genetic and physical distance
 between host populations was not predictive of differences in fungal
 community structure. 5. Synthesis: Through pairing intensive local- and
 regional sampling, we uncovered a primacy of deterministic forces imposed
 by a heritable symbiont on the community structure of locoweed endophytes.
description: TaxonomicHypothesesTaxonomic hypotheses output from the UNITE and Warcup training databases. SINTAX was used to assign taxonomy. Confidence in assignments is shown. UNITE was accessed May 3, 2017 and Warcup was accessed Dec 4, 2017Sequences of OTUsFASTA file with sequencesFungalOTUs.faOTU tableOTU table, see main text and supplemental methods for details of how this table was made.asleOtuTable_sintax.csvLabelling keyWell to sample key. Samples were spread across eight 96 well plates (denoted p1–8 in field 1). Each well corresponded with a specific sample, the name of which is shown in field 2. The lane the sample was sequenced on is shown in field 3. Note that there were samples from a different project sequenced at the same time (see supplemental methods).Labellingkey.csvData for focal populationsSummary indices and abiotic information for each focal population. See "readme" file for information on what each field contains.populationLevelData.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r1s25
title: Data from: Directional selection to improve the sterile insect technique (SIT): survival and sexual performance of desiccation resistant Anastrepha ludens strains

description: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an effective, environmentally
 friendly method for insect control whose success depends on the sexual
 performance and survival of sterile males. These two parameters are
 influenced by environmental conditions of target areas and, releasing
 insects with a higher tolerance to stressful environments can improve SIT
 efficiency. Directional selection can be used to produce insect strains
 with higher tolerance to extreme environmental conditions, such as low
 humidity, for extended periods. We evaluated, under field cage conditions,
 the sexual competitiveness, sexual compatibility and, survival of strains
 of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) selected for desiccation resistance to
 determine the value of directional selection as a possible approach to
 enhance sterile insect technique efficiency. Fly strains (selected and
 unselected and those mass-reared) were exposed to stressful conditions of
 low humidity and food and water deprivation for 24 hours before test. As a
 control, mild conditions without the stressors were used. No differences
 in sexual competitiveness and sexual compatibility between selected,
 non-selected, and mass-reared strains were observed when previously
 exposed to mild conditions. Thus, selection for desiccation resistance
 does not modified negatively the sexual performance. However, when insects
 were exposed to stressful conditions, males of selected strains sexually
 outperform mass reared males. Additionally, selected strains presented
 higher survival than mass reared flies. The approach to integrate
 directional selection with other technologies in the sterile insect
 technique as well as the implications of using a desiccation selected
 strain in the current pest management program are discussed.
description: Base
 CompatibilidadData of field cages
 evaluations to determine compatibility between Anastrepha ludens
 strainsCompetitiviness and
 survival under stressSurvival to 24 hr of
 desiccation and competitiviness of males under field cage evaluation of
 Anastrepha ludensBase Competititvidad
 seleccionados vs no seleccionados (F0)field cage data of
 evaluations of male sexual competitiveness between selected for
 desiccation and control (no selected) strains of Anastrepha
 ludens
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9n34t
title: Data from: Assessment of the broader economic consequences of HPV prevention from a government-perspective: a fiscal analytic approach

description: Background. Cervical cancer poses a substantial burden in terms of
 morbidity, mortality, and economic losses, especially in low/middle-income
 countries. HPV vaccination and/or cervical cancer screening among females
 may reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases, including cervical cancer.
 However, limited funds may impede the implementation of population-based
 programmes. Governmental investments in the prevention of infectious
 disease may have broader economic and fiscal benefits, which are not
 accounted in conventional economic analyses. This study estimates the
 broader economic and fiscal impacts of implementing HPV vaccination and/or
 cervical cancer screening in Indonesia from the perspective of the
 government. Methods. A government-perspective quantitative analytic
 framework was applied to assess the Net Present Value (NPV) of investment
 on cervical cancer prevention strategies including HPV vaccination,
 cervical screening and its combination in Indonesia. All monetary values
 were presented in International Dollars (I$). Results. Based on a cohort
 of 10,000,000 Indonesian 12-year-old females, it was estimated that HPV
 vaccination and/or cervical cancer screening result in a positive NPV for
 the Indonesian government. The combination of cervical screening and HPV
 vaccination generated a substantial reduction of cervical cancer incidence
 and HPV-related mortality of 87,862 and 19,359, respectively. It was
 estimated that HPV vaccination in combination with cervical screening is
 the most favorable option for cervical cancer prevention (NPV
 I$2.031.786.000), followed by HPV vaccination alone (NPV I$1.860.783.000)
 and cervical screening alone (NPV I$375.244.000). Conclusion. In addition
 to clinical benefits, investing in HPV vaccination and cervical screening
 may yield considerable fiscal benefits for the Indonesian governments due
 to lifelong benefits resulting from reduction of cervical cancer-related
 morbidity and mortality.
description: Assessment of the
 broader economic consequences of HPV prevention from a
 government-perspective: a fiscal analytic approachA fiscal analytic model
 of HPV vaccination in IndonesiaAssessment of the broader
 economic consequences of HPV prevention from a government-perspective A
 fiscal analytic approach.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fv8g8
title: Data from: Emerging Representational Geometries in the Visual System Predict Reaction Times for Object Categorization

description: Recognizing an object takes just a fraction of a second, less than the
 blink of an eye. Applying multivariate pattern analysis, or "brain
 decoding", methods to magnetoencephalography (MEG) data has allowed
 researchers to characterize, in high temporal resolution, the emerging
 representation of objects that underlie our capacity for rapid
 recognition. Shortly after stimulus onset, exemplar stimuli cluster by
 category in high-dimensional activation spaces. In these emerging
 activation spaces, the decodability of exemplar category varies over time,
 reflecting the brain's transformation of visual inputs into coherent
 categorical representations. How do these emerging representations relate
 to categorization behavior? Recently it has been proposed that the
 distance of an exemplar representation from a categorical boundary in an
 activation space is critical for perceptual decision-making, and that
 reaction times should therefore correlate with distance from the boundary.
 The predictions of this distance hypothesis have been born out in human
 inferior temporal cortex (IT), an area of the brain crucial for the
 representation of object categories. The time of peak decoding is the
 optimal time for category information to be "read out" from the
 brain's time varying representation of the stimuli. In this study, we
 tested the distance hypothesis, and specifically whether or not the brain
 reads out at the optimal time for choice behavior. Using MEG decoding
 methods, we show that the distance of a pattern of activity from a
 decision boundary through a high-dimensional activation space correlates
 with reaction times in a visual categorization task, but only during the
 period of peak decodability. Our results suggest the brain uses the
 optimal stimulus representation for choice behavior, and that neural
 representations for objects are partially constitutive of the decision
 process in visual perception.
description: Processed MEG and
 Reaction Time Data (Compressed)analysis.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p9b21
title: Data from: A refugee camp in the center of Europe: clinical characteristics of asylum seekers arriving in brussels

description: Background In the summer of 2015, the exodus of Syrian war refugees and
 saturation of refugee camps in neighboring countries led to the influx of
 asylum-seekers in European countries, including Belgium. This study aims
 to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of asylum-seekers
 that arrived in a huddled refugee camp, in the center of a well-developed
 country with all medical facilities. Methods Using a descriptive
 cross-sectional study design, physicians of Médecins du Monde
 prospectively registered age, gender, origin, medical complaints and
 diagnoses of all patients presenting to an erected Field Hospital in
 Brussels in September 2015. Diagnoses were post-hoc categorized according
 to the International Classification of Diseases. Results Of 4037 patients
 examined in the Field Hospital, 3907 were included and analyzed for this
 study. Over 11% of patients suffered from injuries, but these were
 outnumbered by the proportion of patients with respiratory (36%), dental
 (9%), skin (9%) and digestive (8%) diagnoses. More than 49% had features
 of infections at the time of the consultation. Conclusion Asylum seekers
 arriving in a refugee camp in Brussels after a long and hazardous journey,
 suffer mostly from respiratory, dental, skin and digestive diseases. Still
 one of seven suffers from injury. These findings – consistent with other
 reports – should be anticipated when composing Emergency Medical Teams and
 Interagency Emergency Health or similar Kits to be used in a Field
 Hospital, even in a Western European country.
description: data van Berlaer et al
 Refugee Camp BrusselsDataset Refugees Brussels for
 Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rk398
title: Data from: Forest fragmentation alters winter microclimates and microrefugia in human-modified landscapes

description: With over half of earth’s terrestrial biota living beneath forest
 canopies, our ability to accurately capture organism-climate relationships
 in forested ecosystems is imperative for predicting species’ vulnerability
 to future climate change. Assessing the vulnerability of forest dependent
 species, however, hinges on quantifying microclimates that exist below the
 forest canopy and might be influenced by varying levels of disturbance in
 human-modified landscapes. The goal of our study was to examine the
 multi-scaled predictors of subcanopy microclimate variability across a
 heterogeneous landscape in Midwestern USA during winter, and to further
 evaluate whether a widely available interpolated climate model accurately
 captures this variability. By deploying a network of temperature sensors
 along a fragmentation gradient, we found that forests in more fragmented
 landscapes experienced colder minimum and average daily temperatures
 throughout the winter than forests in less fragmented landscapes. We found
 that greater tree densities and higher elevations led to warmer
 microclimates while increasing distances from urban centers led to colder
 microclimates. The negative effect of forest edge on minimum temperatures
 was lessened by the effect of increasing basal area, highlighting the
 importance of local- and landscape-scale features on microclimate
 heterogeneity. Temperature discrepancies between subcanopy microclimates
 and climate interpolations were influenced by many of the same features,
 and could be of a similar magnitude as those predicted by future climate
 change scenarios. Using a biological threshold based on metabolic and
 demographic constraints for winter birds, we found that the variability in
 microclimates along our forest fragmentation gradient (50 km) was
 comparable to the magnitude captured by weather stations across a
 latitudinal gradient spanning more than 650 km. Our results suggest that
 biophysical properties of landscapes can alter spatial gradients of
 microclimates and should be considered when assessing species’
 vulnerabilities to future climate change.
description: ECOG_02551_Microclimate_DataDaily summaries for microclimate data from Dane county, WI. during the winter of 2013-2014. Data includes minimum daily (min.day), minimum average daily (min.av.day), maximum daily (max.day), maximum average daily (max.av.day), and minimum and maximum daily PRISM data for each location as well (minT.prism; maxT.prism).ECOG_02551_Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.38v59
title: Data from: Multiple regression modelling for estimating endocranial volume in extinct Mammalia

description: The profound evolutionary success of mammals has been linked to behavioral
 and life-history traits, many of which have been tied to brain size.
 However, studies of the evolution of this key trait have yet to explore
 the full potential of the fossil record, being limited by the difficulty
 of obtaining endocranial data from fossils. Using measurements of
 endocranial volume, length, height, and width of the braincase in 503
 adult specimens from 199 extant species, representing 99 of 133 extant
 mammalian families, we expand upon a simple method of using multiple
 regression to develop a formula for estimating brain size from external
 skull measurements. We also examined non- mammalian synapsids to assess
 the phylogenetic limits of our model's application. Model-predicted
 volume correlates strongly with measured volume (R2 = 0.993) and
 prediction error is between 16% and 19%. Error decreases if models
 developed for well-sampled subclades such as primates or rodents are used,
 demonstrating that some differential evolution of the relationship between
 brain size and skull size has occurred. However, reanalysis using
 phylogenetically independent contrasts demonstrates weak phylogenetic
 dependency, indicating that our model is appropriate for estimating the
 endocranial volume of species of unknown phylogenetic affinity. Thus, the
 model represents a generally applicable, fast and cost-efficient way to
 dramatically expand the taxonomic and temporal scope of mammalian brain
 size data sets. Even endocranial volumes of taxa with highly derived
 crania, such as cetaceans and monotremes, can be estimated confidently.
 However, the model works best for generalized placental crania.
 Fundamental differences in cranial architecture suggest that the model
 cannot provide accurate estimates of endocranial volume in non-mammalian
 synapsids more basal than Morganucodon (ca. 200 Ma). Therefore, use of the
 model for taxa phylogenetically distant from the mammalian crown group is
 not warranted, but it might be used to establish relative brain sizes
 between closely related subgroups.
description: Raw
 dataRaw data and species
 averages of all measurements made.TreeTree file used for
 phylogenetically independent contrasts and phylogenetic generalized least
 squares.ModelsCoeffiecients and
 summary statistics for all models and all subsets of the
 data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gr573
title: Data from: Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)

description: Background: Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, tuatara) is a globally
 distributed and ecologically important group of over 9,000 reptile
 species. The earliest fossil records are currently restricted to the Late
 Triassic and often dated to 227 million years ago (Mya). As these early
 records include taxa that are relatively derived in their morphology (e.g.
 Brachyrhinodon), an earlier unknown history of Lepidosauria is implied.
 However, molecular age estimates for Lepidosauria have been problematic;
 dates for the most recent common ancestor of all lepidosaurs range between
 approximately 226 and 289 Mya whereas estimates for crown-group Squamata
 (lizards and snakes) vary more dramatically: 179 to 294 Mya. This
 uncertainty restricts inferences regarding the patterns of diversification
 and evolution of Lepidosauria as a whole. Results: Here we report on a
 rhynchocephalian fossil from the Middle Triassic of Germany (Vellberg)
 that represents the oldest known record of a lepidosaur from anywhere in
 the world. Reliably dated to 238--240 Mya, this material is at least 11
 million years older than previously known lepidosaur records and is older
 than some but not all molecular clock estimates for the origin of
 lepidosaurs. Using RAG1 sequence data from 77 extant taxa and the new
 fossil specimens two of several calibrations, we estimate that the most
 recent common ancestor of Lepidosauria lived at least 242 Mya
 (238--249.5), and crown-group Squamata originated around 193 Mya
 (176--213). Conclusion: A Early/Middle Triassic date for the origin of
 Lepidosauria disagrees with previous estimates deep within the Permian and
 suggests the group evolved as part of the faunal recovery after the
 end-Permain mass extinction as the climate became more humid. Our origin
 time for crown-group Squamata coincides with shifts towards warmer
 climates and dramatic changes in fauna and flora. Most major subclades
 within Squamata originated in the Cretaceous postdating major continental
 fragmentation. The Vellberg fossil locality is expected to become an
 important resource for providing a more balanced picture of the Triassic
 and for bridging gaps in the fossil record of several other major
 vertebrate groups.
description: RAG1 aligned matrix of
 Squamata, Sphenodon and outgroupsRAG1_121006_mb.nexBEAST xml infile for Squamata and Sphenodon, Vellberg fossil 238myr, exponential priors with mean 4Sphenodon_mean4_238.xmlVellberg_PLr8s_phylo4BEAST_INfileVellberg_FossilPhylo_matrixPAUPmrBVellberg_BEAST_MaxCladeCred_NEWICK
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3j33t
title: Data from: Temporal change and determinants of maternal reproductive success in an expanding oak forest stand

description: Global change is generating widespread local-scale expansions of tree
 populations. During demographic expansions, even small differences in
 individual reproductive success can generate large differences in the
 genetic composition of the resulting population. Colonizing tree
 populations almost invariably show highly skewed distributions of seed
 production, but the evolution of this reproductive skew during plant
 recruitment remains understudied. We examine how recruit mortality
 modifies initial patterns of acorn dispersal and maternal reproductive
 success in a recently established, expanding Pedunculate oak (Quercus
 robur) forest stand and test different predictors of successful recruit
 establishment. We mapped and genotyped a cohort of seedlings (n = 809)
 emerging within and around the stand (n = 254 adult trees), identified
 their habitats and monitored their fate until an age of 3 years. Their
 mother trees were inferred by Bayesian parentage analysis, and the number
 of assigned descendants was used as a proxy for tree maternal fertility.
 We examined temporal trends in tree fertility and patterns of dispersal,
 and tested effects of seed number-quality trade-offs, dispersal failure,
 dispersal distance and habitat of propagule arrival on the probability of
 seedling establishment. We observed marked inequality in maternal
 reproductive success at the time of seedling emergence. A positive
 relationship between tree fertility and the proportion of non-dispersed
 seedlings pointed to disperser satiation. An overall seedling mortality of
 69% generated considerable reshuffling in the fertility ranking of
 individual trees. Non-dispersal more than doubled seedling mortality. The
 establishment success of actually dispersed seedlings was independent of
 mother fertility and dispersal distance but strongly related to the
 habitat of arrival. Recruit survival was markedly higher in pine
 plantations or non-forested areas than in broadleaved forest. Synthesis. A
 few highly fertile trees dominated reproduction in the stand. Differential
 recruitment success tended to reduce their initial advantage, however,
 suggesting that reproductive inequality might rapidly decline as more
 trees start to reproduce along the expansion process. Our results also
 suggest that field estimates of size or seed production are unlikely to
 provide reliable estimates of lifetime reproductive success in trees.
description: Genotypic and ecological
 dataset for Gerzabek et al. (2017) J EcolDRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p86c3
title: Data from: Effects of inbreeding and temperature stress on life history and immune function in a butterfly

description: Theory predicts that inbreeding depression should be more pronounced under
 environmental stress due to an increase in the expression of recessive
 deleterious alleles. If so, inbred populations may be especially
 vulnerable to environmental change. Against this background we here
 investigate effects of inbreeding, temperature stress and its interactions
 with inbreeding in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We use a
 full-factorial design with three levels of inbreeding (F = 0 / 0.25 /
 0.38) and three temperature treatments (2 h exposure to 1, 27 or 39°C).
 Despite using relatively low levels of inbreeding significant inbreeding
 depression was found in pupal mass, pupal time, thorax mass, abdomen fat
 content, egg hatching success, and fecundity. However, stress resistance
 traits (heat tolerance, immune function) were not affected by inbreeding
 and interactions with temperature treatments were virtually absent. We
 thus found no support for an increased sensitivity of inbred individuals
 to environmental stress, and suspect that such patterns are restricted to
 harsher conditions. Our temperature treatments evidently imposed stress,
 significantly reducing longevity, fecundity, egg hatching success, and
 haemocyte numbers, while fat content, protein content, and lysozyme
 activity remained unaffected. Males and females differed in all traits
 measured except pupal time and phenoloxidase activity. Correlation
 analyses revealed, amongst others, a trade-off between phenoloxidase and
 lysozyme activity, and negative correlations between fat content and
 several other traits. We stress that more data are needed on the effects
 of inbreeding, temperature variation, and sexual differences on insect
 immune function before more general conclusions can be drawn.
description: Franke&FischerFile contains all data.