DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rr0
title: Data from: Plant-soil interactions during the native and exotic range expansion of an annual plant

description: Range expansions, whether they are biological invasions or climate
 change-mediated range shifts, may have profound ecological and
 evolutionary consequences for plant-soil interactions. Range-expanding
 plants encounter soil biota with which they have a limited coevolutionary
 history, especially when introduced to a new continent. Past studies have
 found mixed results on whether plants experience positive or negative soil
 feedback interactions in their novel range, and these effects often change
 over time. One important theoretical explanation is that plants locally
 adapt to the soil pathogens and mutualists in their novel range. We tested
 this hypothesis in Dittrichia graveolens, an annual plant that is both
 expanding its European native range, initially coinciding with climate
 warming, and rapidly invading California, after human introduction. In
 parallel greenhouse experiments on both continents, we used plant
 genotypes and soils from five locations at the core and edge of each range
 to compare plant growth in soil from D. graveolens populations and nearby
 control microsites as a measure of plant-soil feedback. Plant-soil
 interactions were highly idiosyncratic across sites in each range. On
 average, plant-soil feedbacks were more positive in the native range than
 in the exotic range. In line with the strongly heterogeneous pattern of
 soil responses along our biogeographic gradients, we found no evidence for
 evolutionary differentiation between plant genotypes from the core to the
 edge of either range. Our results suggest that the evolution of plant-soil
 interactions during range expansion may be more strongly driven by local
 evolutionary dynamics varying across the range than by large-scale
 biogeographic shifts.
description: # Data from: Plant-soil interactions during the native and exotic range
 expansion of an annual plant
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rr0](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rr0) This dataset contains two CSV data files, one for each experiment described in the study (native range and exotic range). Both data files have the same file structure and column headers as described below. ## Description of the data and file structure Each row in the dataset represents one plant in the experiment, with data for the following column headers. Missing data are indicated with NA. | Column header | Data type | Description | | :--------------------- | :-------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | potid | character | Unique pot ID for this plant within the experiment. Note that pot IDs may overlap between the native and exotic range experiments, but these are not the same individuals. They are separate experiments. | | seedregion | character | Region that the seeds were sampled from, indicated by 2-letter codes. There are four regions: native range core (FC, for central France), native range edge (NL, for Netherlands), exotic range core (CC, for California core) and exotic range edge (CE, for California edge). Note that all seeds were first grown for one generation of selfing in the greenhouse at UC Santa Cruz (see Methods and Figure 2). | | seedsite | character | Site that the seeds were sampled from, indicated by 5-letter codes. The first 2 letters indicate the region as in the previous column; the next 3 letters are unique site identifiers. Site locations are given in Table S1. Note that all seeds were first grown for one generation of selfing in the greenhouse at UC Santa Cruz (see Methods and Figure 2). | | soilregion | character | Region that the soil was sampled from, following the same notation as seedregion. | | soilsite | character | Site that the soil was sampled from, following the same notation as soilsite. | | microsite | character | Microsite category the soil was sampled from. DIGR = *Dittrichia* microsite, where the soil was sampled from the rhizosphere of *Dittrichia graveolens* plants; CTRL = control microsite in a nearby grass community where *Dittrichia graveolens* was absent. | | family | character | Maternal family of the seeds; there are 5 maternal families per seed site. | | block | character | Block in the experiment (1 to 5); each combination of soil and seed origins per site pair is replicated once in a block, using a different maternal family in each block. | | planting\_date | date | Date the seedling was planted in the pot. | | harvest\_date | date | Date the plant was harvested. | | growthdays | integer | Number of days between planting date and harvest date. | | threeweeks\_lengthleaf | number | Length of the longest leaf (mm) 3 weeks after planting. | | threeweeks\_widthleaf | number | Width of the longest leaf (mm) 3 weeks after planting. | | threeweeks\_nrleaves | integer | Number of true leaves on the plant, 3 weeks after planting. | | AGbiomass | number | Aboveground biomass (g) at harvest, obtained after 3 days in a drying oven. | | BGbiomass | number | Belowground biomass (g) at harvest of roots that were washed and dried for 3 days. | | total.biomass | number | Sum of aboveground and belowground biomass (g). | | total.growthrate | number | Growth rate in g/day, calculated as the total biomass divided by the number of growth days. | | feedback | number | Main response variable in the experiment. Calculated for each maternal family and soil site as log(total.growthrate in DIGR microsite/total.growthrate in CTRL microsite). |