cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/54nt-hx12
title: Groundwater and active layer measurements at permafrost sites (DP1.20099.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: In arctic environments with permafrost there is a seasonal change in active thawed layer and liquid water that drive the hydrology of the system. This seasonal freeze/thaw cycle causes frost heaving of groundwater wells, making measurements of groundwater elevation inaccurate due to sensor movement. Therefore, this data product contains measurements of depth to liquid water and thaw relative to the ground surface made manually rather than using a sensor that would require a fixed elevation throughout the season. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.
description: Up to eight shallow groundwater wells per site are installed in inter-tussock areas surrounding the lake and stream reaches to capture groundwater flow paths. Wells are pushed down to thaw depth on a weekly basis and hand measurements are reported for depth to water and depth to thaw relative to the ground surface.
DOI: 10.48443/ywx4-es49
title: Soil heat flux plate (DP1.00040.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Soil heat flux is the amount of thermal energy that moves by conduction across an area of soil in a unit of time and usually expressed in Watts per square meter. This data product represents the soil heat flux at the locations of the heat flux plates below the soil surface. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The soil heat flux data product is available at all NEON TIS sites. At each site, soil heat flux sensors are distributed within three of the five soil plots within the TIS soil array. Instrumentation: Hukseflux HFP01SC: Self-Calibrating Heat Flux Sensor
DOI: 10.48443/ezf0-m066
title: Stable isotopes in groundwater (DP1.20276.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's stable isotopes in groundwater sampling protocol. Water samples are sent to external facilities for analysis to determine 18O/16O and 2H/1H water isotope ratios. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

asi_externalLabSummaryData:  14

gsi_externalLabH2OIsotopes:  120

gsi_fieldData:  30

gsi_fieldSuperParent:  30
description: The aquatic stable isotope sampling protocol is completed in conjunction with the water chemistry protocol. Groundwater is sampled twice per year at NEON aquatic sites from permanently installed groundwater wells.  There are up to eight small (2-in diameter) shallow (<100 ft depth) groundwater observation wells at each site, from which a subset of four wells are sampled. The field protocol used by NEON for collecting groundwater chemistry samples follows the general procedure for minimal drawdown sampling detailed by EPA report Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures (Puls and Barcelona, 1996). For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.
DOI: 10.48443/1c6r-ke84
title: Periphyton, seston, and phytoplankton chemical properties (DP1.20163.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's aquatic periphyton and phytoplankton chemical analyses provided by a contracted lab. Benthic and water column field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes three times per year during the growing season using the type of sampler most suitable to the habitat and substratum types present at the site. Samples are separated into aliquots at the domain support facility and filtered onto glass-fiber filters for chlorophyll, pheophytin, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes for analysis at external facilities. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, science design, and laboratory SOPs listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

alg_fieldData:  60

alg_domainLabChemistry:  60

alg_algaeExternalLabDataPerSample:  180

alg_algaeExternalLabQA:  180

asi_externalLabPOMSummaryData:  14
description: Periphyton and phytoplankton samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton, and water column samplers for phytoplankton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). In lakes, water-column phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and littoral sensors using a Kemmerer sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the substratum type. In rivers, phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a Kemmerer or Van Dorn sampler, and in littoral areas using the most appropriate benthic sampling method for the substratum type. All samples are returned to the domain support facility for subsampling. Subsamples are  filtered onto glass-fiber filters then frozen (chlorophyll/pheophytin) or dried (C, N, P, isotopes) and shipped to external analytical facilities for analysis.
DOI: 10.48443/k08v-b743
title: Secchi depth (DP1.20252.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's Secchi depth data collection. Secchi measurements indicate water clarity, and secchi depth is used to determine the depth to which light penetrates. This value can also be used to calculate the depth of the euphotic zone in a lake or river, which is especially important for phytoplankton sampling. Secchi data are collected when collecting data for any standard operating procedure that samples the water column in a lake or river (e.g., surface water chemistry and phytoplankton) by lowering a Secchi disk through the water column, and recorded the depth(s) to which it disappears from view. Secchi depth measurements are collected only during ice-free periods, and are collected a minimum of 4 times per year, up to 12+ times per year. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

dep_secchi:  30
description: Secchi data are collected during sample collection for any standard operating procedure that samples the water column in a lake or river (phytoplankton, zooplankton, pelagic surface water microbes, and pelagic surface water chemistry), and may be collected during other sampling visits to lake and river sites. Measurements are collected only near the buoy sensors in lakes and rivers, and data are not collected under the ice. Secchi depth measurements are only collected during ice-free periods, and are collected a minimum of 4 times per year, up to 12+ times per year.
DOI: 10.48443/t7b3-r842
title: Temperature of groundwater (DP1.20217.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Groundwater plays an important role in modulating temperature of surface water, which is critical to habitat quality and ecosystem function. NEON measures groundwater temperature at high temporal resolution.  Three to eight wells are available per aquatic site.  From NEON groundwater elevation measurements, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow can be calculated, which will help to inform the heat flux between groundwater and surface water. This data product includes continuous quality-controlled groundwater temperature captured every 5 minutes and are reported as 5-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Multiple groundwater wells per aquatic site are installed in triangular arrays where local features allow. Temperature of groundwater is measured in a site-specific array designed to capture shallow groundwater flow and exchange with the surface water feature at the site. Instrumentation: In-Situ, Inc. - Aqua TROLL 200
DOI: 10.48443/vxjs-4d20
title: Soil CO2 concentration (DP1.00095.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: CO2 concentrations are measured at different depths in the soil to allow the gradient method to be used to estimate soil CO2 efflux rates when combined with other NEON data products. Soil CO2 efflux is an important component of the carbon cycle because it is one of the largest exchanges of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In addition, since the vast majority of soil CO2 is produced by microbial, root and soil faunal respiration, soil CO2 efflux is an indicator of total soil biological activity. CO2 concentrations are measured in all five Instrumented soil plots per terrestrial site and at various depths below the soil surface starting at approximately 2 cm and data are presented as 1-minute and 30-minute averages. CO2 sensors at different depths within a soil plot are typically located within 1 m horizontally of one another. The CO2 concentration of soil air is measured at three depths within each plot, starting at approximately 2 cm.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: When possible the plots were arranged in a transect with the first plot approximately 15-40 m from the tower in the expected dominant airshed. The middle of airshed was used as the transect vector and plot spacing was based on the distance required for surface soil temperature and moisture measurements to be spatially independent at the 1 hectare scale during site characterization (capped at approximately 40 m due to logistical constraints). Soil plots were microsited as necessary to avoid obstacles (e.g., boulders, streams, and paths) and more compact plot layouts were used at small sites. The CO2 concentration of soil air is measured at three depths within each plot, starting at approximately 2 cm. The depths of the two deeper sensors vary among sites and were chosen based on megapit soil horizon data (NEON.DP1.00097), expected soil CO2 concentration, and ecosystem type (see NEON.DOC.003146). Instrumentation: Vaisala - GMP343
DOI: 10.48443/2bhx-s619
title: Air temperature above water on-buoy (DP1.20046.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Air temperature on buoys is measured every minute and is reported as 1-minute instantaneous measurements and 30-minute mean values. Unlike other locations, such as aquatic met stations and the terrestrial tower, there is not a separate sensor for air temperature. The temperature measurements from the relative humidity sensor are used for this buoy data product and these data are a subset of the Relative Humidity of the air above lakes on buoy (DP1.20271.001).

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The buoys are comprised of sensor sets which measure meteorological parameters over a water surface along with submerged sensors that measure physical and chemical parameters of the water body. Some of these sensors are unique to the buoy subsystem and others are shared with other NEON subsystems, such as the wadeable stream sensor sets or terrestrial towers. Due to power, space, and data storage constraints on the buoy, the configuration of sensors deployed on a buoy may be different than those in other parts of NEON. Instrumentation: Vaisala HUMICAP Humidity and Temperature Probe - HMP 155
DOI: 10.48443/245w-jr83
title: Field spectral data (DP1.30012.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: NEON AOP Field Spectral Data are collected using a field-spectrometer and leaf clip to observe leaf-level reflectance spectra within two-weeks of AOP overpass. Some field spectral observations will be collected from samples that are also used to develop the foliar chemistry data product. The Field Spectral Data are collected and distributed as an opportunistic activity and as such are not collected for every flight or site. Typical collection rates will be one or two sites annually.

Latency: Field spectral data will be available 90 days after the final collection day at a site. Field spectra legacy data (those collected in 2013 through 2016) currently has no availability, and will be completely available by April of 2021.
description: NEON AOP Field Spectral Data are collected using a field-spectrometer and leaf clip to observe leaf-level reflectance spectra within two-weeks of AOP overpass. Some field spectral observations will be collected from samples that are also used to develop the foliar chemistry data product. The Field Spectral Data are collected and distributed as an opportunistic activity and as such are not collected for every flight or site. Typical collection rates will be one or two sites annually. Instrumentation: ASD field spectrometer
DOI: 10.48443/qet7-z479
title: Aquatic plant bryophyte chemical properties (DP1.20063.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, field sampling metadata for aquatic plant and bryophyte carbon and nitrogen analyses. Benthic field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes, and processed at the domain support facility. Aquatic plant and bryophyte chemistry samples are derived from clip harvest samples, collected once per year during the mid-summer aquatic biological sampling bout. Samples are collected from a known benthic area, separated by taxon in the domain lab, identified, then dried, ground, and shipped to a contracting laboratory for chemical analyses. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
apl_plantExternalLabDataPerSample:  180

apl_biomass:  60

apl_clipHarvest:  60

apl_plantExternalLabQA: 240

asi_externalLabPOMSummaryData:  14
description: Aquatic plant and bryophyte clip harvest sampling is conducted once per year at aquatic sites (during the mid-summer aquatic biology window). Ten samples are collected per site if aquatic vegetation is present. In wadeable streams, clip harvest samples are collected near plant transect locations. In lakes and rivers, ten randomly selected points are sampled at depths that can be colonized by vegetation. These samples are partitioned in the domain support facility into subsamples for chemical analyses of carbon and nitrogen and shipped to an external facility.
DOI: 10.48443/82nh-yg24
title: Particulate mass (DP1.00101.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's particulate mass sampling protocol. Samples are collected by an automated assembly that pulls air through a quartz microfiber filter with a porosity of 10 micrometers, to collect PM10. Filters are weighed at high precision pre- and post-deployment to determine dust deposition mass. In addition to determining mass concentration of PM10, filters from the particulate mass analyzers will be archived in laboratory storage. Subsamples of the filters will be available to science community upon request to enable the assessment of chemical and nutrient inputs in the region.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

dpm_field:  30

dpm_lab:  90

dpm_sensor:  30
description: Particulate collection filters (Whatman 1851-8531 quartz microfiber filters) are deployed for two weeks in a HiVol 3000 collector at the top of NEON terrestrial towers at select sites. Filters are weighed pre- and post-deployment in an external facility. Throughout deployment, the HiVol collector records pressure, temperature, and the volume of air sampled. Instrumentation: Ecotech HiVol 3000
DOI: 10.48443/rg4q-va30
title: Gauge height (DP1.20267.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Gauge height is the height of the water surface above an established altitude where the stage is zero. The zero level is arbitrary, but is often close to the streambed. Gauge height at stream sites will be related to measurements of stream discharge to formulate stage-discharge rating curves at all NEON stream and river sites. Rating equations will be applied to continuous surface water elevation data in order to calculate continuous stream discharge at all NEON aquatic sites. For additional details, see protocol [NEON.DOC. 001085]( http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001085vD): AOS Protocol and Procedure: Stream Discharge, [NEON.DOC.001646](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001646vC): General AQU Field Metadata Sheet, and [NEON.DOC.001152](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001152vA): Aquatic Sampling Design.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

gag_fieldData:  30
description: Gauge measurements and field metadata are collected at all aquatic sites whenever any other protocol is implemented. For protocols that may be performed in shifts multiple times a day, e.g. fish sampling, there can be multiple gauge records per site per date that cover different time ranges. In total, gauge height is measured several times per month per site. Instrumentation: Oregon Rule Co. staff gauge
DOI: 10.48443/hwr3-3d82
title: Benthic microbe marker gene sequences (DP1.20280.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and 16S and ITS marker gene sequences derived from NEON's benthic microbial sampling in wadeable streams. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Queries for the basic data product package will return metadata tables that include laboratory methods and DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing metadata for samples from the queried sites and date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files, which can be used to download the sequences from the NEON data portal. Some of the sequence data are also publicly available and may be queried on the [Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST)](http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) server. 

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
amb_fieldParent:  60

mmg_benthicDnaExtraction:  240

mmg\_benthicMarkerGeneSequencing\_16S:  240

mmg\_benthicMarkerGeneSequencing\_ITS:  240

mmg\_benthicPcrAmplification\_16S:  240

mmg\_benthicPcrAmplification\_ITS:  240

mmg_benthicRawDataFiles: 240
description: Benthic microbe samples are collected at the same time and location as periphyton (microalgae) samples three times per year in wadeable streams during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Samples are collected using field-sterile methods using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). Cobble scrubs are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. Grab samples of sediment (silt, sand) or plant material/epiphyton are collected when appropriate. All samples are frozen on dry ice in the field and are shipped to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and high-throughput sequence analysis using primer sets targeting the ribosomal RNA gene operon. Laboratory metadata are passed through the NEON automated ingest process for QC testing and are published on the NEON data portal. DNA sequence data undergo QC testing and unique URLs are generated to enable data download.
DOI: 10.48443/s6k6-8h54
title: Root biomass and chemistry, Megapit (DP1.10066.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's belowground plant biomass stock and chemistry measurements from Megapits. Soil samples were collected at 10 cm depth increments to the first 100 cm below the surface, then 20 cm depth increments thereafter, along three vertical profiles from a single temporary soil pit at a location expected to be representative of NEON sensor-based soil plots. This sampling activity is expected to occur once at each NEON terrestrial site. Root material is sorted, dried, weighed, and analyzed, then any excess root sample material is archived in the NEON Biorepository and are available on request. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section below. Products resulting from this sampling include root biomass by size class and live/dead status, as well as root chemistry and stable isotope ratios. A summary table of external lab precision and accuracy is included in the expanded package.

Latency:
Data were collected once, at the establishment of each site. Data were published within one year of collection, and future collections at existing sites are not expected.
description: Each site is sampled a single time. At each site, a soil Megapit is dug in the dominant soil type to a maximum depth of 2 m. On the exposed face of the soil pit, a tape measure visually divides the soil profile into 10 cm depth increments. Each soil pit has three vertically-oriented sampling profiles, roughly corresponding to the left, center, and right of the pit sampling face. These profiles are referred to as profile number 1, 2 and 3, respectively. From each profile, a block of soil is removed from each 10 cm depth increment, starting from the surface down to 100 cm. Once a depth of 100 cm is reached, the each profile is divided into 20 cm depth increments. By the end of sampling, up to 45 soil samples are collected, 15 per profile. Roots are sieved and then divided into four categories distinguishing between status (alive or dead) and size (> 2mm and < 2 mm, unless otherwise noted). Once roots are weighed and dried, they are sent to an external laboratory for analysis of carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable isotopes. Any remaining root material is held in the NEON Biorepository and available upon request.