cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8ff54
title: Data from: Influence of ethnolinguistic diversity on the sorghum genetic patterns in subsistence farming systems in eastern Kenya

description: Understanding the effects of actions undertaken by human societies on crop
 evolution processes is a major challenge for the conservation of genetic
 resources. This study investigated the mechanisms whereby social
 boundaries associated with patterns of ethnolinguistic diversity have
 influenced the on-farm distribution of sorghum diversity. Social
 boundaries limit the diffusion of planting material, practices and
 knowledge, thus shaping crop diversity in situ. To assess the effect of
 social boundaries, this study was conducted in the contact zone between
 the Chuka, Mbeere and Tharaka ethnolinguistic groups in eastern Kenya.
 Sorghum varieties were inventoried and samples collected in 130
 households. In all, 297 individual plants derived from seeds collected
 under sixteen variety names were characterized using a set of 18 SSR
 molecular markers and 15 morphological descriptors. The genetic structure
 was investigated using both a Bayesian assignment method and
 distance-based clustering. Principal Coordinates Analysis was used to
 describe the structure of the morphological diversity of the panicles. The
 distribution of the varieties and the main genetic clusters across
 ethnolinguistic groups was described using a non-parametric MANOVA and
 pairwise Fisher tests. The spatial distribution of landrace names and the
 overall genetic spatial patterns were significantly correlated with
 ethnolinguistic partition. However, the genetic structure inferred from
 molecular makers did not discriminate the short-cycle landraces despite
 their morphological distinctness. The cases of two improved varieties
 highlighted possible fates of improved materials. The most recent one was
 often given the name of local landraces. The second one, that was
 introduced a dozen years ago, displays traces of admixture with local
 landraces with differential intensity among ethnic groups. The patterns of
 congruence or discordance between the nomenclature of farmers’ varieties
 and the structure of both genetic and morphological diversity highlight
 the effects of the social organization of communities on the diffusion of
 seed, practices, and variety nomenclature.
description: Data_Labeyrie2013_sorghumGenotypes (18 SSRs) and panicles morphological description (15 qualitative descriptors) of 297 sorghum individuals collected in-situ on the eastern slope of Mount Kenya, Kenya.Labeyrie2013_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.063h8
title: Data from: Diet specialization in an extreme omnivore: nutritional regulation in glucose-averse German cockroaches

description: Organisms have diverse adaptations for balancing dietary nutrients, but
 often face trade-offs between ingesting nutrients and toxins in food.
 While extremely omnivorous cockroaches would seem excluded from such
 dietary trade-offs, German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in multiple
 populations have rapidly evolved a unique dietary specialization – an
 aversion to glucose, the phagostimulant in toxic baits used for pest
 control. We used factorial feeding experiments within the geometric
 framework to test whether glucose-averse (GA) cockroaches with limited
 access to this critical metabolic fuel have compensatory behavioural and
 physiological strategies for meeting nutritional requirements. GA
 cockroaches had severely constrained intake, fat and N mass, and
 performance on glucose-based diets relative to wild-type (WT) cockroaches
 and did not appear to exhibit digestive strategies for retaining
 undereaten nutrients. However, a GA × WT ‘hybrid’ had lower glucose
 aversion than GA and greater access to macronutrients within glucose-based
 diets – while still having lower intake and survival than WT. Given these
 intermediate foraging constraints, hybrids may be a reservoir for this
 maladaptive trait in the absence of positive selection and may account for
 the rapid evolution of this trait following bait application.
description: All data for
 manuscriptThe spreadsheet includes
 1) all the raw data used to analyze the effects of cockroach strain, diet
 & sugar on growth, Fat mass, N body mass, N feces mass, N mass, and
 survival; 2) the residuals used in subsequent analyses; 3) data used for
 analyses of reciprocally crossed wild type x glucose averse
 hybridsDRYAD
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nbf6w4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 63 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Anopheles benarrochi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 63 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000868-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c5097
title: Data from: Local climate determines intra- and interspecific variation in sexual size dimorphism in mountain grasshopper communities

description: The climate is often evoked to explain broad-scale clines of body size,
 yet its involvement in the processes that generate size inequality in the
 two sexes (sexual size dimorphism) remains elusive. Here, we analyse
 climatic clines of sexual size dimorphism along a wide elevation gradient
 (i) among grasshopper species in a phylogenetically controlled scenario
 and (ii) within species differing in distribution and cold tolerance, to
 highlight patterns generated at different time scales, mainly evolutionary
 (among species or higher taxa) and ontogenetic or microevolutionary
 (within species). At the interspecific level, grasshoppers were slightly
 smaller and less dimorphic at high elevations. These clines were
 associated with gradients of precipitation and sun exposure, which are
 likely indicators of other factors that directly exert selective
 pressures, such as resource availability and conditions for effective
 thermoregulation. Within species, we found a positive effect of
 temperature and a negative effect of elevation on body size, especially on
 condition-dependent measures of body size (total body length rather than
 hind femur length) and in species inhabiting the highest elevations. In
 spite of a certain degree of species-specific variation, females tended to
 adjust their body size more often than males, suggesting that body size in
 females can evolve faster among species and can be more plastic or
 dependent on nutritional conditions within species living in adverse
 climates. Natural selection on female body size may therefore prevail over
 sexual selection on male body size in alpine environments, and abiotic
 factors may trigger consistent phenotypic patterns across taxonomic
 scales.
description: Biometry of Cantabrian
 mountain GrasshoppersSeveral morphometric
 measurements of male and female grasshoppers of nine species of Cantabrian
 Mountains. Climatic data and geographic coordinates are also provided.
 details can be found in the paper.Grasshoppers_Cantabrians_Laiolo-etal.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4bg42
title: Data from: Identifying environmental correlates of intraspecific genetic variation

description: Genetic variation is critical to the persistence of populations and their
 capacity to adapt to environmental change. The distribution of genetic
 variation across a species' range can reveal critical information
 that is not necessarily represented in species occurrence or abundance
 patterns. We identified environmental factors associated with the amount
 of intraspecific, individual-based genetic variation across the range of a
 widespread freshwater fish species, the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii.
 We used two different approaches to statistically quantify the relative
 importance of predictor variables, allowing for nonlinear relationships: a
 random forest model and a Bayesian approach. The latter also accounted for
 population history. Both approaches identified associations between
 homozygosity by locus and both disturbance to the natural flow regime and
 mean annual flow. Homozygosity by locus was negatively associated with
 disturbance to the natural flow regime, suggesting that river reaches with
 more disturbed flow regimes may support larger, more genetically diverse
 populations. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that
 artificially induced perennial flows in regulated channels may provide
 greater and more consistent habitat and reduce the frequency of population
 bottlenecks that can occur frequently under the highly variable and
 unpredictable natural flow regime of the system. Although extensive river
 regulation across eastern Australia has not had an overall positive effect
 on Murray cod numbers over the past century, regulation may not represent
 the primary threat to Murray cod survival. Instead, pressures other than
 flow regulation may be more critical to the persistence of Murray cod (for
 example, reduced frequency of large floods, overfishing and chemical
 pollution).
description: Microsatellite genetic
 and location data for Murray cod across the Murray-Darling
 BasinMaccullochella_peelii_samples_genetic_data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.416sp
title: Data from: Interspecific social networks promote information transmission in wild songbirds

description: Understanding the functional links between social structure and population
 processes is a central aim of evolutionary ecology. Multiple types of
 interactions can be represented by networks drawn for the same population,
 such as kinship, dominance or affiliative networks, but the relative
 importance of alternative networks in modulating population processes may
 not be clear. We illustrate this problem, and a solution, by developing a
 framework for testing the importance of different types of association in
 facilitating the transmission of information. We apply this framework to
 experimental data from wild songbirds that form mixed-species flocks,
 recording the arrival (patch discovery) of individuals to novel foraging
 sites. We tested whether intraspecific and interspecific social networks
 predicted the spread of information about novel food sites, and found that
 both contributed to transmission. The likelihood of acquiring information
 per unit of connection to knowledgeable individuals increased 22-fold for
 conspecifics, and 12-fold for heterospecifics. We also found that species
 varied in how much information they produced, suggesting that some species
 play a keystone role in winter foraging flocks. More generally, these
 analyses demonstrate that this method provides a powerful approach, using
 social networks to quantify the relative transmission rates across
 different social relationships.
description: Full_Cammoor-Stimpsons_asocIndividual-level data for all birds detected at Cammoor-StimpsonsFull_Cammoor-Stimpsons_diffusionsInformation on the 4 diffusion experiments at Cammoor-StimpsonsFull_Cammoor-Stimpsons_networkSocial network from Stimpsons-CammoorFull_Higgins_asocInformation for all individuals detected at Higgins CopseFull_Higgins_diffusionsInformation on the 3 diffusion experiments run at Higgins CopseFull_Higgins_networkSocial network for Higgins Copse
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np600
title: Data from: Experimental evidence for sex-specific plasticity in adult brain

description: Background: Plasticity in brain size and the size of different brain
 regions during early ontogeny is known from many vertebrate taxa, but less
 is known about plasticity in the brains of adults. In contrast to mammals
 and birds, most parts of a fish’s brain continue to undergo neurogenesis
 throughout adulthood, making lifelong plasticity in brain size possible.
 We tested whether maturing adult three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus
 aculeatus) reared in a stimulus-poor environment exhibited brain
 plasticity in response to environmental enrichment, and whether these
 responses were sex-specific, thus altering the degree of sexual size
 dimorphism in the brain. Results: Relative sizes of total brain and bulbus
 olfactorius showed sex-specific responses to treatment: males developed
 larger brains but smaller bulbi olfactorii than females in the enriched
 treatment. Hence, the degree of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in relative
 brain size and the relative size of the bulbus olfactorius was found to be
 environment-dependent. Furthermore, the enriched treatment induced
 development of smaller tecta optica in both sexes. Conclusions: These
 results demonstrate that adult fish can alter the size of their brain (or
 brain regions) in response to environmental stimuli, and these responses
 can be sex-specific. Hence, the degree of SSD in brain size can be
 environment-dependent, and our results hint at the possibility of a large
 plastic component to SSD in stickleback brains. Apart from contributing to
 our understanding of the processes shaping and explaining variation in
 brain size and the size of different brain regions in the wild, the
 results show that provision of structural complexity in captive
 environments can influence brain development. Assuming that the observed
 plasticity influences fish behaviour, these findings may also have
 relevance for fish stocking, both for economical and conservational
 purposes.
description: SticklebackThis file contains the primary data underlying the publication, that is, three-spined stickleback brain (and body size) measurements. The second tab in sheet contains some explanations for abbreviations used in the header columns.Braindata_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s6k26
title: Data from: Trade-offs in parasitism efficiency and brood size mediate parasitoid coexistence, with implications for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer

description: 1. Parasitoids often are selected for use as biological control agents
 because of their high host specificity, yet such host specificity can
 result in strong interspecific competition. Few studies have examined
 whether and how various extrinsic factors (such as parasitism efficiency,
 i.e. the ability to optimize host-finding attack rates) influence the
 outcome of competition between parasitoids, even though they could have
 profound effects on the implementation of classical biological control
 programmes. 2. To determine the potential influence of extrinsic
 competition and coexistence on host suppression efficacy, we compared
 parasitism by two larval parasitoids (Tetrastichus planipennisi and
 Spathius galinae) of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus
 planipennis, under different host densities, parasitoid densities, host
 plant sizes and parasitoid–host ratios. 3. Spathius galinae had
 significantly higher parasitism efficiency (≈4 times), but significantly
 lower brood size (&gt;6 times) than that of T. planipennisi. The
 attack rates of hosts increased significantly with parasitoid density,
 whereas host density did not significantly affect multiparasitism. The
 parasitism rate of T. planipennisi on small host logs was significantly
 higher than that on large logs, while host plant (log) size had no
 significant impact on S. galinae parasitism. 4. The multiparasitism rate
 was rather low regardless of host log size and parasitoid/host density,
 indicating that intrinsic competition between the two species of
 parasitoids might seldom occur in the field. The two species of
 parasitoids could therefore coexist in the same habitat, and any adverse
 effects on the suppression of EAB populations caused by competitive
 behaviour between the two species of parasitoids would likely be
 negligible. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that
 introducing multiple species of parasitic natural enemies could be
 feasible for management of invasive species, but it is important to
 examine multiple extrinsic factors simultaneously when evaluating
 interspecific competition between them. Among these different extrinsic
 factors, we found that coexistence between parasitoids can be mediated by
 trade-offs in their parasitism efficiency and brood sizes. Thus, the
 differences in life-history traits of natural enemies could be used to
 select among biological control agents being considered for releases.
description: Datasets for Host and
 Parasitoid density, host plant size, and Parasitoid-host
 ratioThis is the original
 dataset on the determination of effects of Host and Parasitoid density,,
 host plant size, and Parasitoid-host ratio on the competetion between two
 species of parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi and Spathius
 galinae.Datadryad-WXY.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7k1g1
title: Data from: A below ground herbivore shapes root defensive chemistry in natural plant populations

description: Plants display extensive intraspecific variation in secondary metabolites.
 However, the selective forces shaping this diversity remain often unknown,
 especially below ground. Using Taraxacum officinale and its major native
 insect root herbivore Melolontha melolontha, we tested whether below
 ground herbivores drive intraspecific variation in root secondary
 metabolites. We found that high M. melolontha infestation levels over the
 last decades are associated with high concentrations of major root latex
 secondary metabolites across 21 central European T. officinale field
 populations. By cultivating offspring of these populations, we show that
 both heritable variation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to the
 observed differences. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the production of
 the sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G)
 is costly in the absence, but beneficial in the presence of M. melolontha,
 resulting in divergent selection of TA-G. Our results highlight the role
 of soil-dwelling insects for the evolution of plant defences in nature.
description: Raw data of field
 sampling and offspring analysisRaw data of field
 sampling and offspring analysisDataforDryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.270sf
title: Data from: Size-dependent selective mechanisms on males and females and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in frogs

description: Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) varies in animals from male biased to female
 biased. The evolution of SSD is potentially influenced by a number of
 factors, such as territoriality, fecundity, and temporal breeding patterns
 (explosive vs. prolonged). In general, frogs show female-biased SSD with
 broad variance among species. Using comparative methods, we examine how
 different selective forces affect male and female sizes, and we test
 hypotheses about size-dependent mechanisms shaping SSD in frogs. Male size
 was weakly associated with SSD in all size classes, and we found no
 significant association among SSD, male size, temporal breeding pattern,
 and male territoriality. In contrast, female size best explained SSD
 variation across all size classes but especially for small-bodied species.
 We found a stronger evolutionary association between female body size and
 fecundity, and this fecundity advantage was highest in explosively
 breeding species. Our data indicate that the fecundity advantage
 associated with female body size may not be linear, such that intermediate
 and large females benefit less with body size increases. Therefore,
 size-dependent selection in females associated with fecundity and breeding
 patterns is an important mechanism driving SSD evolution in frogs. Our
 study underscores the fact that lineage-specific ecology and behavior
 should be incorporated in comparative analyses of animal SSD.
description: Reproductive traits and
 body sizes of frogs (Amphibia, Anura)Dataset for 718 species
 of 38 anuran families included in this study. Male and female snout-vent
 lengths (SVL), number of eggs per clutch (N eggs/clutch), breeding pattern
 and evidence of territoriality were taken from the literature. Complete
 references in alphabetical order are given in the second
 sheet.Nalietal_Dataset_SSDfrogs.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f9h64
title: Data from: Exposure to phages has little impact on the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance on drug concentration gradients

description: The use of phages for treating bacterial pathogens has recently been
 advocated as an alternative to antibiotic therapy. Here we test a
 hypothesis that bacteria treated with phages may show more limited
 evolution of antibiotic resistance as the fitness costs of resistance to
 phages may add to those of antibiotic resistance, further reducing the
 growth performance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We did this by
 studying the evolution of phage-exposed and phage-free Pseudomonas
 fluorescens cultures on concentration gradients of single drugs, including
 cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin. During drug treatment, the
 level of bacterial antibiotic resistance increased through time, and was
 not affected by the phage treatment. Exposure to phages did not cause
 slower growth in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, although it did so in
 antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. We observed significant reversion of
 antibiotic resistance after drug use being terminated, and the rate of
 reversion was not affected by the phage treatment. The results suggest
 that the fitness costs caused by resistance to phages are unlikely to be
 an important constraint on the evolution of bacterial antibiotic
 resistance in heterogeneous drug environments. Further studies are needed
 for the interaction of fitness costs of antibiotic resistance with other
 factors.
description: raw.data.EVA-2013-162-OAdata for Fig. 1, 2, 3, and S2 in the paper
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.722qb
title: Data from: Evaluating DNA degradation rates in faecal pellets of the endangered pygmy rabbit

description: Noninvasive genetic sampling of faecal pellets can be a valuable method
 for monitoring rare and cryptic wildlife populations, like the pygmy
 rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). To investigate this method’s efficiency
 for pygmy rabbit monitoring, we evaluated the effect of sample age on DNA
 degradation in faecal pellets under summer field conditions. We placed 275
 samples from known individuals in natural field conditions for 1 to 60
 days and assessed DNA quality by amplifying a 294 base pair (bp)
 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus and 5 nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite
 loci (111 – 221 bp). DNA degradation was influenced by sample age, DNA
 type, locus length, and rabbit sex. Both mtDNA and nDNA exhibited high PCR
 success rates (94.4%) in samples &lt;1 day old. Success rates for
 microsatellite loci declined rapidly from 80.0% to 42.7% between days 5
 and 7, likely due to increased environmental temperature. Success rates
 for mtDNA amplification remained higher than nDNA over time, with moderate
 success (66.7%) at 21 days. Allelic dropout rates were relatively high
 (17.6% at &lt; 1 day) and increased to 100% at 60 days. False allele
 rates ranged from 0 to 30.0% and increased gradually over time. We
 recommend collecting samples as fresh as possible for individual
 identification during summer field conditions. Our study suggests that
 this method can be useful for future monitoring efforts, including
 occupancy surveys, individual identification, population estimation,
 parentage analysis, and monitoring of genetic diversity both of a
 reintroduced population in central Washington and across their range.
description: Supp Info Table 1
 datasetData file for PCR
 success, allelic dropout, and false allele rates for pygmy rabbit
 (Brachylagus idahoensis) faecal pellet DNA. Pellets were collected in the
 field in central Washington, USA and analyzed at the Laboratory for
 Ecological, Evolutionary and Conservation Genetics, University of Idaho,
 Moscow, ID, USA. Column headings are included in the first sheet of the
 workbook.Supp info SAS code PCR
 ADO FAText file containing SAS
 code for mixed models to estimate PCR success, allelic dropout, and false
 allele rates of DNA from pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) faecal
 pellets. Fixed effects include DNA type, locus length, sex, sample age,
 and sample quality. Random effects include individual rabbit and pellet
 pile.