cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860673.v1
title: Supplementary Data 4. Raw experimental COP data for all African elephants from Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>)

description: Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of elephants' feet, yet this mechanism does not seem to work well for some captive animals. This study tests how foot pressures vary among African and Asian elephants from habitats where natural substrates predominate but where foot care protocols differ. Variations in pressure patterns might be related to differences in husbandry, including but not limited to trimming and the substrates that elephants typically stand and move on. Both species' samples exhibited the highest concentration of peak pressures on the lateral digits of their feet (which tend to develop more disease in elephants) and lower pressures around the heel. The trajectories of the foot's centre of pressure were also similar, confirming that when walking at similar speeds, both species load their feet laterally at impact and then shift their weight medially throughout the step until toe-off. Overall, we found evidence of variations in foot pressure patterns that might be attributable to husbandry and other causes, deserving further examination using broader, more comparable samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860667
title: Supp_Table1 from Temporal patterns of local adaptation in soil Pseudomonads

description: Strong divergent selection leading to local adaptation is often invoked to explain the staggering diversity of bacteria in microbial ecosystems. However, examples of specialization by bacterial clones to alternative niches in nature are rare. Here, we investigate the extent of local adaptation in natural isolates of Pseudomonads and their relatives to their soil environments across both space and time. Though most isolates grew well in most environments, patchily distributed low-quality environments were found to drive specialization. In contrast with experimental evolution work on microbial adaptation, temporal adaptation was stronger than spatial adaptation among the isolates and environments we sampled. Time-shift analysis of fitness across two seasons of growth revealed an unexpectedly strong effect of preadaptation. This pattern of apparent future adaptation may be caused by unknown abiotic properties of these environments, phages, bacterial competitors or general mechanisms of ecological niche release, and warrants future study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860667.v1
title: Supp_Table1 from Temporal patterns of local adaptation in soil Pseudomonads

description: Strong divergent selection leading to local adaptation is often invoked to explain the staggering diversity of bacteria in microbial ecosystems. However, examples of specialization by bacterial clones to alternative niches in nature are rare. Here, we investigate the extent of local adaptation in natural isolates of Pseudomonads and their relatives to their soil environments across both space and time. Though most isolates grew well in most environments, patchily distributed low-quality environments were found to drive specialization. In contrast with experimental evolution work on microbial adaptation, temporal adaptation was stronger than spatial adaptation among the isolates and environments we sampled. Time-shift analysis of fitness across two seasons of growth revealed an unexpectedly strong effect of preadaptation. This pattern of apparent future adaptation may be caused by unknown abiotic properties of these environments, phages, bacterial competitors or general mechanisms of ecological niche release, and warrants future study.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/ko4gpu
title: snk20170209_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860661
title: Supplementary Data 5 from Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>)

description: Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of elephants' feet, yet this mechanism does not seem to work well for some captive animals. This study tests how foot pressures vary among African and Asian elephants from habitats where natural substrates predominate but where foot care protocols differ. Variations in pressure patterns might be related to differences in husbandry, including but not limited to trimming and the substrates that elephants typically stand and move on. Both species' samples exhibited the highest concentration of peak pressures on the lateral digits of their feet (which tend to develop more disease in elephants) and lower pressures around the heel. The trajectories of the foot's centre of pressure were also similar, confirming that when walking at similar speeds, both species load their feet laterally at impact and then shift their weight medially throughout the step until toe-off. Overall, we found evidence of variations in foot pressure patterns that might be attributable to husbandry and other causes, deserving further examination using broader, more comparable samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860661.v1
title: Supplementary Data 5 from Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>)

description: Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of elephants' feet, yet this mechanism does not seem to work well for some captive animals. This study tests how foot pressures vary among African and Asian elephants from habitats where natural substrates predominate but where foot care protocols differ. Variations in pressure patterns might be related to differences in husbandry, including but not limited to trimming and the substrates that elephants typically stand and move on. Both species' samples exhibited the highest concentration of peak pressures on the lateral digits of their feet (which tend to develop more disease in elephants) and lower pressures around the heel. The trajectories of the foot's centre of pressure were also similar, confirming that when walking at similar speeds, both species load their feet laterally at impact and then shift their weight medially throughout the step until toe-off. Overall, we found evidence of variations in foot pressure patterns that might be attributable to husbandry and other causes, deserving further examination using broader, more comparable samples.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/dktdmo
title: snk20170805_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860652
title: Functional trait data from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Body mass and dietary data for African mammal species
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/714wmu
title: snk20170306_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860652.v1
title: Functional trait data from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Body mass and dietary data for African mammal species
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/qj5wiw
title: snk20171108_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860643
title: Supplementary Data 3. Raw experimental foot pressure data for all Asian elephants (excluding subject 1) by Panagiotopoulou et al., 2012 from Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>)

description: Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of elephants' feet, yet this mechanism does not seem to work well for some captive animals. This study tests how foot pressures vary among African and Asian elephants from habitats where natural substrates predominate but where foot care protocols differ. Variations in pressure patterns might be related to differences in husbandry, including but not limited to trimming and the substrates that elephants typically stand and move on. Both species' samples exhibited the highest concentration of peak pressures on the lateral digits of their feet (which tend to develop more disease in elephants) and lower pressures around the heel. The trajectories of the foot's centre of pressure were also similar, confirming that when walking at similar speeds, both species load their feet laterally at impact and then shift their weight medially throughout the step until toe-off. Overall, we found evidence of variations in foot pressure patterns that might be attributable to husbandry and other causes, deserving further examination using broader, more comparable samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860643.v1
title: Supplementary Data 3. Raw experimental foot pressure data for all Asian elephants (excluding subject 1) by Panagiotopoulou et al., 2012 from Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>)

description: Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of elephants' feet, yet this mechanism does not seem to work well for some captive animals. This study tests how foot pressures vary among African and Asian elephants from habitats where natural substrates predominate but where foot care protocols differ. Variations in pressure patterns might be related to differences in husbandry, including but not limited to trimming and the substrates that elephants typically stand and move on. Both species' samples exhibited the highest concentration of peak pressures on the lateral digits of their feet (which tend to develop more disease in elephants) and lower pressures around the heel. The trajectories of the foot's centre of pressure were also similar, confirming that when walking at similar speeds, both species load their feet laterally at impact and then shift their weight medially throughout the step until toe-off. Overall, we found evidence of variations in foot pressure patterns that might be attributable to husbandry and other causes, deserving further examination using broader, more comparable samples.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/ozska2
title: snk20171119_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860637
title: Supp_Tab2 from Temporal patterns of local adaptation in soil Pseudomonads

description: Strong divergent selection leading to local adaptation is often invoked to explain the staggering diversity of bacteria in microbial ecosystems. However, examples of specialization by bacterial clones to alternative niches in nature are rare. Here, we investigate the extent of local adaptation in natural isolates of Pseudomonads and their relatives to their soil environments across both space and time. Though most isolates grew well in most environments, patchily distributed low-quality environments were found to drive specialization. In contrast with experimental evolution work on microbial adaptation, temporal adaptation was stronger than spatial adaptation among the isolates and environments we sampled. Time-shift analysis of fitness across two seasons of growth revealed an unexpectedly strong effect of preadaptation. This pattern of apparent future adaptation may be caused by unknown abiotic properties of these environments, phages, bacterial competitors or general mechanisms of ecological niche release, and warrants future study.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/epdslt
title: snk20170820_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860634
title: Supplementary Table 9 from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Ecological research often assumes that species are adapted to their current climatic environments. However, climate fluctuations over geologic time scales have influenced species dispersal and extinction, which in turn may affect community structure. Modern community structure is likely to be the product of both palaeoclimate and modern climate, with the relative degrees of influence of past and present climates unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of climate at different time periods on the phylogenetic and functional trait structure of 203 African mammal communities. We found that the climate of the mid-Holocene (approx. 6,000 years ago) and Last Glacial Maximum (approx. 22 000 years ago) were frequently better predictors of community structure than modern climate for mammals overall, carnivorans and ungulates. Primate communities were more strongly influenced by modern climate than palaeoclimate. Overall, community structure of African mammals appears to be related to the ecological flexibility of the groups considered here and the regions of continental Africa that they occupy. Our results indicate that the future redistribution, expansion and contraction of particular biomes due to human activity, such as climate and land-use change, will differentially affect mammal groups that vary in their sensitivity to environmental change.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860637.v1
title: Supp_Tab2 from Temporal patterns of local adaptation in soil Pseudomonads

description: Strong divergent selection leading to local adaptation is often invoked to explain the staggering diversity of bacteria in microbial ecosystems. However, examples of specialization by bacterial clones to alternative niches in nature are rare. Here, we investigate the extent of local adaptation in natural isolates of Pseudomonads and their relatives to their soil environments across both space and time. Though most isolates grew well in most environments, patchily distributed low-quality environments were found to drive specialization. In contrast with experimental evolution work on microbial adaptation, temporal adaptation was stronger than spatial adaptation among the isolates and environments we sampled. Time-shift analysis of fitness across two seasons of growth revealed an unexpectedly strong effect of preadaptation. This pattern of apparent future adaptation may be caused by unknown abiotic properties of these environments, phages, bacterial competitors or general mechanisms of ecological niche release, and warrants future study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860634.v1
title: Supplementary Table 9 from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Ecological research often assumes that species are adapted to their current climatic environments. However, climate fluctuations over geologic time scales have influenced species dispersal and extinction, which in turn may affect community structure. Modern community structure is likely to be the product of both palaeoclimate and modern climate, with the relative degrees of influence of past and present climates unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of climate at different time periods on the phylogenetic and functional trait structure of 203 African mammal communities. We found that the climate of the mid-Holocene (approx. 6,000 years ago) and Last Glacial Maximum (approx. 22 000 years ago) were frequently better predictors of community structure than modern climate for mammals overall, carnivorans and ungulates. Primate communities were more strongly influenced by modern climate than palaeoclimate. Overall, community structure of African mammals appears to be related to the ecological flexibility of the groups considered here and the regions of continental Africa that they occupy. Our results indicate that the future redistribution, expansion and contraction of particular biomes due to human activity, such as climate and land-use change, will differentially affect mammal groups that vary in their sensitivity to environmental change.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/hqn94e
title: snk20171130_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4013502
title: Replication package for «Business disruptions from social distancing»

description: Replication package for Koren, Miklós and Rita Pető. Business disruptions from social distancing; PLoS ONE 2020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239113
description: {"references": ["National Center for O* NET Development. O* NET OnLine [dataset]; 2020. https://www.onetonline.org/", "U S Bureau of the Census. County Business Patterns [dataset]; 2017. https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/2017/econ/cbp/2017-cbp.html", "SafeGraph. Patterns [dataset]; 2020. https://www.safegraph.com/covid-19-data-consortium", "U S Bureau of Labor Statistics. American Time Use Survey [dataset]; 2018. https://www.bls.gov/tus/#data", "U S Bureau of Labor Statistics. Current Employment Statistics [dataset]; 2020. https://www.bls.gov/ces/", "U S Bureau of Labor Statistics. National Employment Matrix [dataset]; 2020. https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/industry-occupation-matrix-industry.htm"]}
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/jzjdfi
title: snk20170609_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860622
title: Supplementary Material TreeS1 from Evolution of bacterial recombinase A (<i>recA</i>) in eukaryotes explained by addition of genomic data of key microbial lineages

description: Same tree as Figure S1, newick format
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/capiqy
title: snk20170929_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860619
title: Functional trait structure metrics from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Range, Variance, SDNDr, and SDNNr for African mammal communities
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860622.v1
title: Supplementary Material TreeS1 from Evolution of bacterial recombinase A (<i>recA</i>) in eukaryotes explained by addition of genomic data of key microbial lineages

description: Same tree as Figure S1, newick format
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860619.v1
title: Functional trait structure metrics from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Range, Variance, SDNDr, and SDNNr for African mammal communities
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/bbc3xd
title: snk20170311_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/lwei6m
title: snk20171218_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/tjtvsm
title: snk20170719_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860604
title: Supplementary Material Tree S2 from Evolution of bacterial recombinase A (<i>recA</i>) in eukaryotes explained by addition of genomic data of key microbial lineages

description: Same tree as S2, text format
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/gspgnh
title: snk20171004_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860604.v1
title: Supplementary Material Tree S2 from Evolution of bacterial recombinase A (<i>recA</i>) in eukaryotes explained by addition of genomic data of key microbial lineages

description: Same tree as S2, text format
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/nwvqtk
title: snk20170305_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860601
title: S4_Lg Cos sinking.mp4 from Dynamic sinking behaviour in marine phytoplankton: rapid changes in buoyancy may aid in nutrient uptake

description: Phytoplankton sinking is an important property that can determine community composition in the photic zone and material loss to the deep ocean. To date, studies of diatom suspension have relied on bulk measurements with assumptions that bulk rates adequately capture the essential characteristics of diatom sinking. However, recent work has illustrated that individual diatom sinking rates vary considerably from the mean bulk rate. In this study, we apply high-resolution optical techniques, individual-based observations of diatom sinking and a recently developed method of flow visualization around freely sinking cells. The results show that in both field samples and laboratory cultures some large species of centric diatoms are capable of a novel behaviour whereby cells undergo bursts of rapid sinking that alternate with near-zero sinking rates on the timescales of seconds. We also demonstrate that this behaviour is under direct metabolic control of the cell. We discuss these results in the context of implications for nutrient flux to the cell surface. While nutrient flux in large diatoms increases during fast sinking, current mass transport models cannot incorporate the unsteady sinking behaviour observed in this study. However, large diatoms appear capable of benefiting from the enhanced nutrient flux to their surface during rapid sinking even during brief intervening periods of near-zero sinking rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860598
title: Supplementary Table 8 from Strong influence of palaeoclimate on the structure of modern African mammal communities

description: Ecological research often assumes that species are adapted to their current climatic environments. However, climate fluctuations over geologic time scales have influenced species dispersal and extinction, which in turn may affect community structure. Modern community structure is likely to be the product of both palaeoclimate and modern climate, with the relative degrees of influence of past and present climates unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of climate at different time periods on the phylogenetic and functional trait structure of 203 African mammal communities. We found that the climate of the mid-Holocene (approx. 6,000 years ago) and Last Glacial Maximum (approx. 22 000 years ago) were frequently better predictors of community structure than modern climate for mammals overall, carnivorans and ungulates. Primate communities were more strongly influenced by modern climate than palaeoclimate. Overall, community structure of African mammals appears to be related to the ecological flexibility of the groups considered here and the regions of continental Africa that they occupy. Our results indicate that the future redistribution, expansion and contraction of particular biomes due to human activity, such as climate and land-use change, will differentially affect mammal groups that vary in their sensitivity to environmental change.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3860601.v1
title: S4_Lg Cos sinking.mp4 from Dynamic sinking behaviour in marine phytoplankton: rapid changes in buoyancy may aid in nutrient uptake

description: Phytoplankton sinking is an important property that can determine community composition in the photic zone and material loss to the deep ocean. To date, studies of diatom suspension have relied on bulk measurements with assumptions that bulk rates adequately capture the essential characteristics of diatom sinking. However, recent work has illustrated that individual diatom sinking rates vary considerably from the mean bulk rate. In this study, we apply high-resolution optical techniques, individual-based observations of diatom sinking and a recently developed method of flow visualization around freely sinking cells. The results show that in both field samples and laboratory cultures some large species of centric diatoms are capable of a novel behaviour whereby cells undergo bursts of rapid sinking that alternate with near-zero sinking rates on the timescales of seconds. We also demonstrate that this behaviour is under direct metabolic control of the cell. We discuss these results in the context of implications for nutrient flux to the cell surface. While nutrient flux in large diatoms increases during fast sinking, current mass transport models cannot incorporate the unsteady sinking behaviour observed in this study. However, large diatoms appear capable of benefiting from the enhanced nutrient flux to their surface during rapid sinking even during brief intervening periods of near-zero sinking rates.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/wgwztg
title: snk20170725_03.txt.gz

description: :unav