cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025928
title: Molecular confirmation of twinning in the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus)

description: Abstract: Few twinning events have been recorded in the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus, Sirenia: Trichechidae) and no previous published study has provided confirmation of this phenomenon based in molecular tools. Here we investigate a possible case of twinning in an endangered Brazilian population of T. manatus using molecular tools. We analyzed two male neonates found stranded in Ceará State, on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The DNA of both individuals was isolated, and 10 microsatellite loci were amplified and genotyped. Following the identification of the alleles, the probabilities of identity by descent (∆7 and ∆8) and relatedness (rxy) were calculated using estimators that evaluate inbreeding. The two individuals shared most of the alleles, with differences in the genotypes being identified in only two loci. All the estimators identified a level of relatedness compatible with that found between siblings (selfed or outbred), indicating they were dizygotic twins. This is the first confirmed case of fraternal twins in free-ranging West Indian manatees in South America. The recognition of this type of twinning provides elements to improve actions for the rehabilitation of stranded animals and their subsequent release to the environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025929
title: Moving far from water: unusual dispersal movement of the water opossum (Chironectes minimus: Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in central Brazil

description: Abstract: Unusual movements of an animal can potentially represent a dispersal event. A higher frequency of young males dispersing is a pattern observed for most part of polygynous or promiscuous mammals with these dispersion events occurring, mainly, before or at the beginning of the breeding season. The water opossum (Chironectes minimus), the only marsupial adapted for semi-aquatic life, occurs from Mexico to Argentina and it has been mostly described as a sensitive species to river and riparian vegetation degradation, occurring exclusively near water curses. Here we describe the first record of long-distance movement of a water opossum not associated with riverine vegetation through dry land. We captured a healthy adult male of C. minimus in July 2012 beside of a highway (DF-001) located 1,100 m from nearest gallery forest in the Federal District. The region is characterized by urban and suburban residential, small fragments of typical savanna and degraded gallery forests. Our unique record could be an event of dispersion through degraded dry lands as observed for other semi-aquatic mammals and also suggests that this species is more resistant to anthropogenic disturbances than previously described. Also, information about dispersal patterns of water opossum is scarce and may contributes to a deeper understanding of ecological requirements of this species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025929.v1
title: Moving far from water: unusual dispersal movement of the water opossum (Chironectes minimus: Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in central Brazil

description: Abstract: Unusual movements of an animal can potentially represent a dispersal event. A higher frequency of young males dispersing is a pattern observed for most part of polygynous or promiscuous mammals with these dispersion events occurring, mainly, before or at the beginning of the breeding season. The water opossum (Chironectes minimus), the only marsupial adapted for semi-aquatic life, occurs from Mexico to Argentina and it has been mostly described as a sensitive species to river and riparian vegetation degradation, occurring exclusively near water curses. Here we describe the first record of long-distance movement of a water opossum not associated with riverine vegetation through dry land. We captured a healthy adult male of C. minimus in July 2012 beside of a highway (DF-001) located 1,100 m from nearest gallery forest in the Federal District. The region is characterized by urban and suburban residential, small fragments of typical savanna and degraded gallery forests. Our unique record could be an event of dispersion through degraded dry lands as observed for other semi-aquatic mammals and also suggests that this species is more resistant to anthropogenic disturbances than previously described. Also, information about dispersal patterns of water opossum is scarce and may contributes to a deeper understanding of ecological requirements of this species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025932.v1
title: Insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil: richness, geographic distribution, associated fauna, endemism and economic importance

description: Abstract: An overview of insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil is presented. We used the Web of Science database to find publications about insect galls from 1988 to 2020. We analyzed 88 publications and collected data from 51 of those. A total of 487 gall morphotypes were counted on 157 plant species of 42 genera. This value singled out Asteraceae as the richest plant family in number of gall morphotypes in Brazil. Most morphotypes were recorded in the Atlantic Forest (41%) and Cerrado (30.5%), the most surveyed biomes in Brazil. Baccharis L. supported the greatest gall richness (43.9%), which could be explained by the hypotheses of geographic area and taxon size. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. and B. platypoda DC. were indicated as superhost species. Most galls were induced on stems (52.2%), a pattern known in Asteraceae for gall-inducing Tephritidae and Chloropidae, and extended in the present study to Cecidomyiidae. Most galls were fusiform (42.5%), which can be related to the highest number of gall on stems. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most frequent inducers, as observed worldwide. The presence of other dwellers - parasitoids, cecidophages, kleptoparasites, and successors - were reported in 8.8% of the gall morphotypes, being parasitoids the most frequent, as found in other Brazilian publications. Most host plants (58%) are endemic to Brazil, 14% are useful and few are vulnerable or endangered (six and four species, respectively). Due to the high host specificity, the gall-inducers associated with these plants can also be considered either endemic, important, vulnerable and/or endangered, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025932
title: Insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil: richness, geographic distribution, associated fauna, endemism and economic importance

description: Abstract: An overview of insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil is presented. We used the Web of Science database to find publications about insect galls from 1988 to 2020. We analyzed 88 publications and collected data from 51 of those. A total of 487 gall morphotypes were counted on 157 plant species of 42 genera. This value singled out Asteraceae as the richest plant family in number of gall morphotypes in Brazil. Most morphotypes were recorded in the Atlantic Forest (41%) and Cerrado (30.5%), the most surveyed biomes in Brazil. Baccharis L. supported the greatest gall richness (43.9%), which could be explained by the hypotheses of geographic area and taxon size. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. and B. platypoda DC. were indicated as superhost species. Most galls were induced on stems (52.2%), a pattern known in Asteraceae for gall-inducing Tephritidae and Chloropidae, and extended in the present study to Cecidomyiidae. Most galls were fusiform (42.5%), which can be related to the highest number of gall on stems. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most frequent inducers, as observed worldwide. The presence of other dwellers - parasitoids, cecidophages, kleptoparasites, and successors - were reported in 8.8% of the gall morphotypes, being parasitoids the most frequent, as found in other Brazilian publications. Most host plants (58%) are endemic to Brazil, 14% are useful and few are vulnerable or endangered (six and four species, respectively). Due to the high host specificity, the gall-inducers associated with these plants can also be considered either endemic, important, vulnerable and/or endangered, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025933
title: Zooplankton diversity in Acre state, Amazon, Brazil: an overview of previous studies

description: Abstract: This work assesses current knowledge of zooplankton biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems of the state of Acre (Brazil). A bibliographic survey was undertaken, showing that most of the reported studies have focused on zooplankton diversity and composition. Fifteen locations have been studied. There is still a scarcity of information concerning zooplankton populations in the Amazon region. To date, 170 species of planktonic rotifers have been recorded, distributed in 26 families and 38 genera, together with 18 species of cladocerans, distributed in 8 families and 18 genera, and 4 species of copepods in 2 families and 6 genera. The results indicate the need for further research concerning the biodiversity of this group of organisms at locations in the basins of the Purus and Juruá Rivers, especially in lotic ecosystems and littoral zones, given the present lack of information and the socioeconomic importance they play in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025933.v1
title: Zooplankton diversity in Acre state, Amazon, Brazil: an overview of previous studies

description: Abstract: This work assesses current knowledge of zooplankton biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems of the state of Acre (Brazil). A bibliographic survey was undertaken, showing that most of the reported studies have focused on zooplankton diversity and composition. Fifteen locations have been studied. There is still a scarcity of information concerning zooplankton populations in the Amazon region. To date, 170 species of planktonic rotifers have been recorded, distributed in 26 families and 38 genera, together with 18 species of cladocerans, distributed in 8 families and 18 genera, and 4 species of copepods in 2 families and 6 genera. The results indicate the need for further research concerning the biodiversity of this group of organisms at locations in the basins of the Purus and Juruá Rivers, especially in lotic ecosystems and littoral zones, given the present lack of information and the socioeconomic importance they play in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025935
title: Entomological survey of phlebotominae sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and vector species in the tegumentary leishmaniasis endemic area in eastern brazilian Amazon, Amapá state

description: Abstract: American tegumentary leishmaniasis is an endemic that has increased considerably in recent decades in the Amazon region, sand flies are the vectors of the transmission of the protozoan that causes leishmaniasis, so the objective of this study was to carry out a survey of the diversity of species and the presence of Leishmania DNA in vectors circulating in three endemic counties for tegumentary leishmaniasis in the eastern Brazilian Amazon (Amapá state, Brazil). Using CDC light traps, a total of 10,773 specimens were collected between February 2019 and February 2020, representing 64 species in 15 genera. The vector specie Nyssomyia umbratilis Ward and Frahia, 1977 was the predominant species (13.20% of the total), being collected in all three counties, followed by Trichopygomyia trichopyga Floch & Abonnenc, 1945 (11.41%), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis Mangabeira,1942 (9.47%) and Nyssomyia anduzei Rozeboom, 1942 (7.61%). For the identification of Leishmania DNA, 775 pools of unengorged females were used, of which 5 tested positive, 2 of Nyssomya umbratilis Ward & Fraiha,1977, 1 of Nyssomyia anduzei and 2 of Psychodopygus davisi Root,1934, demonstrating a natural total infection rate of 0.64%. This study increases the knowledge of vector diversity, as well as identifying Leishmania spp. in circulation in the eastern region of the Amazon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025935.v1
title: Entomological survey of phlebotominae sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and vector species in the tegumentary leishmaniasis endemic area in eastern brazilian Amazon, Amapá state

description: Abstract: American tegumentary leishmaniasis is an endemic that has increased considerably in recent decades in the Amazon region, sand flies are the vectors of the transmission of the protozoan that causes leishmaniasis, so the objective of this study was to carry out a survey of the diversity of species and the presence of Leishmania DNA in vectors circulating in three endemic counties for tegumentary leishmaniasis in the eastern Brazilian Amazon (Amapá state, Brazil). Using CDC light traps, a total of 10,773 specimens were collected between February 2019 and February 2020, representing 64 species in 15 genera. The vector specie Nyssomyia umbratilis Ward and Frahia, 1977 was the predominant species (13.20% of the total), being collected in all three counties, followed by Trichopygomyia trichopyga Floch & Abonnenc, 1945 (11.41%), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis Mangabeira,1942 (9.47%) and Nyssomyia anduzei Rozeboom, 1942 (7.61%). For the identification of Leishmania DNA, 775 pools of unengorged females were used, of which 5 tested positive, 2 of Nyssomya umbratilis Ward & Fraiha,1977, 1 of Nyssomyia anduzei and 2 of Psychodopygus davisi Root,1934, demonstrating a natural total infection rate of 0.64%. This study increases the knowledge of vector diversity, as well as identifying Leishmania spp. in circulation in the eastern region of the Amazon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025941.v1
title: Fish assemblage patterns in a subtropical estuary in southern Brazil

description: Abstract: In this study, the relationship between fish assemblage structure and environmental factors was analyzed in a bay in southern Brazil. Fish were collected every two months between February and December 2002 at six sampling sites using bottom trawl nets. Abiotic data (salinity, temperature, rainfall, and depth) and biotic data (number of individuals, biomass, and total length of individuals from each species) were obtained. In total, 56 fish species representing 27 families were collected. Assemblage structure varied with seasonality, as was evidenced by the variation in temperature and rainfall in each season. Catches showed a high abundance of demersal fishes, particularly Genidens genidens, Eucinostomus gula, and E. argenteus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025941
title: Fish assemblage patterns in a subtropical estuary in southern Brazil

description: Abstract: In this study, the relationship between fish assemblage structure and environmental factors was analyzed in a bay in southern Brazil. Fish were collected every two months between February and December 2002 at six sampling sites using bottom trawl nets. Abiotic data (salinity, temperature, rainfall, and depth) and biotic data (number of individuals, biomass, and total length of individuals from each species) were obtained. In total, 56 fish species representing 27 families were collected. Assemblage structure varied with seasonality, as was evidenced by the variation in temperature and rainfall in each season. Catches showed a high abundance of demersal fishes, particularly Genidens genidens, Eucinostomus gula, and E. argenteus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025942
title: Phyllanthaceae in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract: The taxonomy of Phyllanthaceae Martinov in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil was updated through the analysis of approximately 200 specimens deposited in regional herbaria as well as field observations. Thirty-five species were recorded, belonging to seven genera: Amanoa Aubl. (1 species), Astrocasia B.L. Rob. & Millsp. (1), Discocarpus Klotzsch (1), Hieronyma Allemão (2), Margaritaria L.f. (1), Phyllanthus L. (28), and Richeria Vahl (1). Of the 35, six are new records for Alagoas State, two for Rio Grande do Norte, four for Paraíba, and six for Sergipe. Among the recorded species, 18 are endemic to Brazil, and of those, 11 are endemic to the Brazilian northeast and nine are exclusive to the Atlantic Forest. An identification key, comments on their taxonomy, phenology and geographic distributions, species conservation status, distribution maps, and illustrations of the species are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025942.v1
title: Phyllanthaceae in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract: The taxonomy of Phyllanthaceae Martinov in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil was updated through the analysis of approximately 200 specimens deposited in regional herbaria as well as field observations. Thirty-five species were recorded, belonging to seven genera: Amanoa Aubl. (1 species), Astrocasia B.L. Rob. & Millsp. (1), Discocarpus Klotzsch (1), Hieronyma Allemão (2), Margaritaria L.f. (1), Phyllanthus L. (28), and Richeria Vahl (1). Of the 35, six are new records for Alagoas State, two for Rio Grande do Norte, four for Paraíba, and six for Sergipe. Among the recorded species, 18 are endemic to Brazil, and of those, 11 are endemic to the Brazilian northeast and nine are exclusive to the Atlantic Forest. An identification key, comments on their taxonomy, phenology and geographic distributions, species conservation status, distribution maps, and illustrations of the species are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025946
title: Living at the top of the forest line: medium and large mammals in a high-mountain ecotone in Peruvian Central Andes

description: Abstract: Among the ecoregions that comprise the high-Andean zone of the Tropical Andes, the Puna and the Yungas stand out for covering a large part of the Peruvian Eastern Andes. Located in the ecotone of these two ecoregions, the Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary (PHNS) houses one of the priority areas for conservation in Peru. However, the biodiversity of the high-Andean zone of the sanctuary and its surroundings remains poorly studied. Thus, through camera traps and transects, we sought to inventory for the first time the medium and large mammals from the high-Andean region of the PHNS and its buffer zone. We recorded 11 native and three domestic species of medium and large mammals. The richness of native mammals sampled reached 91.7% of the estimated richness (S est.= 11.99 ± 1.85). Among the native species Odocoileus virginianus had the highest relative frequency (56%). We recorded three endemic mammals from the Tropical Andes, Cuniculus taczanowskii, Tremarctos ornatus, and Pudu mephistopheles. The observed richness was higher than most surveys of medium and large mammals carried out in the Puna-forest ecotone in Peru, where the reported richness ranged from 4 to 13 species. In addition, our records of Leopardus pardalis and Eira barbara are the highest for all distribution of these two carnivores. Our results showed that more than 90% of the species recorded were found in it, demonstrating that the entire high-Andean region of the PHNS and its surroundings has an important value for the local mammal community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025946.v1
title: Living at the top of the forest line: medium and large mammals in a high-mountain ecotone in Peruvian Central Andes

description: Abstract: Among the ecoregions that comprise the high-Andean zone of the Tropical Andes, the Puna and the Yungas stand out for covering a large part of the Peruvian Eastern Andes. Located in the ecotone of these two ecoregions, the Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary (PHNS) houses one of the priority areas for conservation in Peru. However, the biodiversity of the high-Andean zone of the sanctuary and its surroundings remains poorly studied. Thus, through camera traps and transects, we sought to inventory for the first time the medium and large mammals from the high-Andean region of the PHNS and its buffer zone. We recorded 11 native and three domestic species of medium and large mammals. The richness of native mammals sampled reached 91.7% of the estimated richness (S est.= 11.99 ± 1.85). Among the native species Odocoileus virginianus had the highest relative frequency (56%). We recorded three endemic mammals from the Tropical Andes, Cuniculus taczanowskii, Tremarctos ornatus, and Pudu mephistopheles. The observed richness was higher than most surveys of medium and large mammals carried out in the Puna-forest ecotone in Peru, where the reported richness ranged from 4 to 13 species. In addition, our records of Leopardus pardalis and Eira barbara are the highest for all distribution of these two carnivores. Our results showed that more than 90% of the species recorded were found in it, demonstrating that the entire high-Andean region of the PHNS and its surroundings has an important value for the local mammal community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025948
title: Two in one: the little bat that pollinates and disperses plants at an urban site in Southeastern Brazil

description: Abstract: The glossophagine Pallas’s long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina) fares well in urban environments across its range. In addition to roost sites, there are nectar and fruit sources available in diverse situations across the urban gradient. Phyllostomid bats that thrive in urbanized situations are behaviorally plastic generalists and rely on patches of ornamental or feral plants as food sources. Herein we report on G. soricina and its food sources at an urbanized site in Southeastern Brazil. This small phyllostomid bat consumes nectar from landscaping ornamental plants, besides consuming the soft pulp along with the tiny seeds of pioneer trees and shrubs. In addition to these natural sources, the bat exploits hummingbird feeders to consume the sugared water. Ingested small seeds are defecated in flight, the bat acting as a disperser of pioneer plants that favor cleared areas. Glossophaga soricina role as flower-pollinator and seed-disperser at Neotropical urban areas merits further attention due both to the maintenance of urban biodiversity and delivery of ecosystem services.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025948.v1
title: Two in one: the little bat that pollinates and disperses plants at an urban site in Southeastern Brazil

description: Abstract: The glossophagine Pallas’s long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina) fares well in urban environments across its range. In addition to roost sites, there are nectar and fruit sources available in diverse situations across the urban gradient. Phyllostomid bats that thrive in urbanized situations are behaviorally plastic generalists and rely on patches of ornamental or feral plants as food sources. Herein we report on G. soricina and its food sources at an urbanized site in Southeastern Brazil. This small phyllostomid bat consumes nectar from landscaping ornamental plants, besides consuming the soft pulp along with the tiny seeds of pioneer trees and shrubs. In addition to these natural sources, the bat exploits hummingbird feeders to consume the sugared water. Ingested small seeds are defecated in flight, the bat acting as a disperser of pioneer plants that favor cleared areas. Glossophaga soricina role as flower-pollinator and seed-disperser at Neotropical urban areas merits further attention due both to the maintenance of urban biodiversity and delivery of ecosystem services.