cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5923114
title: Suction feeding kinematic data for 14 aquatic species

description: This dataset consists of a single .csv text file containing mouth and body kinematics, flow speeds and water fluxes into the mouths of 13 ray-finned fish species and one amphibian species during suction feeding. <br>Mouth and body kinematics were measured by high-speed video; water flows were characterized by particle image velocimetry.<br>Data are provided for the following species:Ambystoma tigrinum (amphibian)Polypterus endlicheriDanio rerioCarassius auratusApteronotus albifronsHemigrammus pulcherPimelodus pictusNimbochromis venustusAstronotus ocellatusPoecilia sphenopsDascyllus marginatusChromis viridisChromis pellouraLepomis macrochirus<br>Variables reported for each specimen: Prey introduction method (wire, free or tube), morphometric and kinematic values: Max Gape, Max Jaw Protrusion distance, Time to peak gape, Gape speed, Max Flow Speed, Time to peak flow (from the time at which gape first exceeds 20% of peak gape), Total water flux into the mouth, Time to peak jaw protrusion, Jaw Protrusion Speed, Max Hyoid Depression, Time to peak hyoid depression, Hyoid depression speed, Ram Speed, Notch Angle (the angle between the upper and lower jaw bones at peak gape) and Notch Area.<br><b>Background: </b>The related study investigates inter-species variability in suction feeding kinematics: the process by which fish and other suction feeding organisms capture prey by generating a fluid flow outside of their mouths.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5923114.v1
title: Suction feeding kinematic data for 14 aquatic species

description: This dataset consists of a single .csv text file containing mouth and body kinematics, flow speeds and water fluxes into the mouths of 13 ray-finned fish species and one amphibian species during suction feeding. <br>Mouth and body kinematics were measured by high-speed video; water flows were characterized by particle image velocimetry.<br>Data are provided for the following species:Ambystoma tigrinum (amphibian)Polypterus endlicheriDanio rerioCarassius auratusApteronotus albifronsHemigrammus pulcherPimelodus pictusNimbochromis venustusAstronotus ocellatusPoecilia sphenopsDascyllus marginatusChromis viridisChromis pellouraLepomis macrochirus<br>Variables reported for each specimen: Prey introduction method (wire, free or tube), morphometric and kinematic values: Max Gape, Max Jaw Protrusion distance, Time to peak gape, Gape speed, Max Flow Speed, Time to peak flow (from the time at which gape first exceeds 20% of peak gape), Total water flux into the mouth, Time to peak jaw protrusion, Jaw Protrusion Speed, Max Hyoid Depression, Time to peak hyoid depression, Hyoid depression speed, Ram Speed, Notch Angle (the angle between the upper and lower jaw bones at peak gape) and Notch Area.<br><b>Background: </b>The related study investigates inter-species variability in suction feeding kinematics: the process by which fish and other suction feeding organisms capture prey by generating a fluid flow outside of their mouths.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5922436
title: Shoulder and arm muscle activity during elastic band exercises performed in a hospital bed

description: <b>Objective</b>: Muscle atrophy is a common side-effect of bed rest during hospitalization. However, resistance training may minimize or even prevent these complications. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of four upper-body elastic resistance exercises that could be performed while lying or sitting in a hospital bed. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-two healthy subjects performed three repetitions of each exercise in a supine and seated position with a perceived intensity of 3 (low) and 8 (high) on the Borg CR10 Scale. Surface electromyography was collected from 12 shoulder and arm muscles (e.g. trapezius, deltoideus, and biceps brachii), and normalized to a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (nEMG). <b>Results</b>: During all exercises performed at high intensity, moderate (&gt;40%) to high (&gt;60%) levels of nEMG were found for the majority of the analysed muscles, e.g. deltoideus (from 37% to 69%, median 57.5%), trapezius (from 43% to 66%, median 51%), and infraspinatus (from 54% to 66%, median 59%), with the exception of pectoralis major (from 29% to 47%, median 39.5%) and latissimus dorsi (from 15% to 22%, median 18.5%). No significant differences were found between the supine and seated positions for any of the exercises. <b>Conclusion</b>: This study showed that high levels of shoulder and arm muscle activity can be achieved while lying or sitting in a hospital bed using appropriate exercises with elastic bands. The data presented here can be used by physiotherapists as a guideline for selecting suitable and effective strengthening exercises during in-hospital rehabilitation to counteract bed-rest related muscle atrophy in the upper body.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5922436.v1
title: Shoulder and arm muscle activity during elastic band exercises performed in a hospital bed

description: <b>Objective</b>: Muscle atrophy is a common side-effect of bed rest during hospitalization. However, resistance training may minimize or even prevent these complications. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of four upper-body elastic resistance exercises that could be performed while lying or sitting in a hospital bed. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-two healthy subjects performed three repetitions of each exercise in a supine and seated position with a perceived intensity of 3 (low) and 8 (high) on the Borg CR10 Scale. Surface electromyography was collected from 12 shoulder and arm muscles (e.g. trapezius, deltoideus, and biceps brachii), and normalized to a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (nEMG). <b>Results</b>: During all exercises performed at high intensity, moderate (&gt;40%) to high (&gt;60%) levels of nEMG were found for the majority of the analysed muscles, e.g. deltoideus (from 37% to 69%, median 57.5%), trapezius (from 43% to 66%, median 51%), and infraspinatus (from 54% to 66%, median 59%), with the exception of pectoralis major (from 29% to 47%, median 39.5%) and latissimus dorsi (from 15% to 22%, median 18.5%). No significant differences were found between the supine and seated positions for any of the exercises. <b>Conclusion</b>: This study showed that high levels of shoulder and arm muscle activity can be achieved while lying or sitting in a hospital bed using appropriate exercises with elastic bands. The data presented here can be used by physiotherapists as a guideline for selecting suitable and effective strengthening exercises during in-hospital rehabilitation to counteract bed-rest related muscle atrophy in the upper body.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5920909
title: Influence of grass pellet production on pyrrolizidine alkaloids occurring in <i>Senecio aquaticus</i>-infested grassland

description: 1,2-Dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their <i>N</i>-oxides (PANO) exhibit acute and chronic toxic effects on the liver and other organs and therefore are a hazard for animal and human health. In certain regions of Germany, an increasing spread of <i>Senecio</i> spp. (ragwort) on grassland and farmland areas has been observed during the last years leading to a PA/PANO-contamination of feed and food of animal and plant origin. This project was carried out to elucidate whether the process of grass pellet production applying hot air drying influences the content of PA and PANO. Samples of hay (<i>n</i> = 22) and grass pellets (<i>n</i> = 28) originated from naturally infested grassland (around 10% and 30% dominance of <i>Senecio aquaticus</i>) and from a trial plot with around 50% dominance. Grass pellets were prepared from grass originating from exactly the same plots as the hay samples. The samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PA/PANO typically produced by this weed. The results of the study revealed that PA/PANO levels (predominantly sum of senecionine, seneciphylline, erucifoline and their <i>N</i>-oxides) in hay ranged between 2.1 and 12.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry matter in samples with 10% and 30% dominance of <i>S. aquaticus</i>, respectively. Samples from the trial plot (50% dominance) had levels of up to 52.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, the hot air drying process during the production of grass pellets did not lead to a reduction of PA/PANO levels. Instead, the levels in grass pellets with 10% and 30% <i>S. aquaticus</i> ranged from 3.1 to 55.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Grass pellets from the trial plot contained up to 96.8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. In conclusion, hot air drying and grass pellet production did not affect PA/PANO contents in plant material and therefore, heat-dried products cannot be regarded as safe in view of the toxic potential of 1,2-dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5920909.v1
title: Influence of grass pellet production on pyrrolizidine alkaloids occurring in <i>Senecio aquaticus</i>-infested grassland

description: 1,2-Dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their <i>N</i>-oxides (PANO) exhibit acute and chronic toxic effects on the liver and other organs and therefore are a hazard for animal and human health. In certain regions of Germany, an increasing spread of <i>Senecio</i> spp. (ragwort) on grassland and farmland areas has been observed during the last years leading to a PA/PANO-contamination of feed and food of animal and plant origin. This project was carried out to elucidate whether the process of grass pellet production applying hot air drying influences the content of PA and PANO. Samples of hay (<i>n</i> = 22) and grass pellets (<i>n</i> = 28) originated from naturally infested grassland (around 10% and 30% dominance of <i>Senecio aquaticus</i>) and from a trial plot with around 50% dominance. Grass pellets were prepared from grass originating from exactly the same plots as the hay samples. The samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PA/PANO typically produced by this weed. The results of the study revealed that PA/PANO levels (predominantly sum of senecionine, seneciphylline, erucifoline and their <i>N</i>-oxides) in hay ranged between 2.1 and 12.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry matter in samples with 10% and 30% dominance of <i>S. aquaticus</i>, respectively. Samples from the trial plot (50% dominance) had levels of up to 52.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, the hot air drying process during the production of grass pellets did not lead to a reduction of PA/PANO levels. Instead, the levels in grass pellets with 10% and 30% <i>S. aquaticus</i> ranged from 3.1 to 55.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Grass pellets from the trial plot contained up to 96.8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. In conclusion, hot air drying and grass pellet production did not affect PA/PANO contents in plant material and therefore, heat-dried products cannot be regarded as safe in view of the toxic potential of 1,2-dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919574
title: Dataset 4 - Sentenças dos Dispositivos das Normas Legislativas Federais com Enumerações Agrupadas

description: Agrupa os incisos e alíneas como enumerações da sentença de cada dispositivo do dataset 3.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919574.v1
title: Dataset 4 - Sentenças dos Dispositivos das Normas Legislativas Federais com Enumerações Agrupadas

description: Agrupa os incisos e alíneas como enumerações da sentença de cada dispositivo do dataset 3.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919553
title: Dataset 3 - Sentenças da Epígrafe, Ementa, Preâmbulo, Dispositivos e Fecho das Normas Legislativas Federais

description: Separa em arquivos distintos a epígrafe, a ementa, o preâmbulo, os dispositivos e o fecho de cada norma do dataset 2.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919553.v1
title: Dataset 3 - Sentenças da Epígrafe, Ementa, Preâmbulo, Dispositivos e Fecho das Normas Legislativas Federais

description: Separa em arquivos distintos a epígrafe, a ementa, o preâmbulo, os dispositivos e o fecho de cada norma do dataset 2.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919523
title: Stability study of veterinary drugs in standard solutions for LC-MS/MS screening in food

description: A study on stability of veterinary drugs in standard solutions stored at −80°C and at −20°C was conducted over 1 year. Data were acquired on 152 individual stock standard solutions and also on 15 family mixes and 2 working standard solutions. All solutions were prepared, stored and compared 1 year later against freshly prepared ones by LC-MS/MS. A statistical analysis was performed to set the acceptability criteria, taking into account the variability of standard preparations. In individual stock standard solutions stored at −80°C (12 months) and −20°C (9 months), stability was demonstrated for 141 and 140 out of 152 compounds, i.e. for 92% and 93% of compounds, respectively. Drugs were even more stable when solubilised in either diluted family mixes or working standard solutions, with more than 99% and 94% of compounds found unaltered when stored at −80°C and at −20°C, respectively. In mixes, beta-lactams from the cephalosporin (cefadroxil and cephalexin) and penicillin (amoxicillin and ampicillin) families were found to be the least stable compounds when stored at −20°C (6 months), necessitating storage at −80°C to achieve a 1-year shelf life. The study also evidenced solubility issues for two sulfonamides (sulfadiazine and sulfamerazine) in methanol-based solutions. An independent stability study conducted by a second laboratory confirmed the 1-year stability of 3 family mixes—quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919523.v1
title: Stability study of veterinary drugs in standard solutions for LC-MS/MS screening in food

description: A study on stability of veterinary drugs in standard solutions stored at −80°C and at −20°C was conducted over 1 year. Data were acquired on 152 individual stock standard solutions and also on 15 family mixes and 2 working standard solutions. All solutions were prepared, stored and compared 1 year later against freshly prepared ones by LC-MS/MS. A statistical analysis was performed to set the acceptability criteria, taking into account the variability of standard preparations. In individual stock standard solutions stored at −80°C (12 months) and −20°C (9 months), stability was demonstrated for 141 and 140 out of 152 compounds, i.e. for 92% and 93% of compounds, respectively. Drugs were even more stable when solubilised in either diluted family mixes or working standard solutions, with more than 99% and 94% of compounds found unaltered when stored at −80°C and at −20°C, respectively. In mixes, beta-lactams from the cephalosporin (cefadroxil and cephalexin) and penicillin (amoxicillin and ampicillin) families were found to be the least stable compounds when stored at −20°C (6 months), necessitating storage at −80°C to achieve a 1-year shelf life. The study also evidenced solubility issues for two sulfonamides (sulfadiazine and sulfamerazine) in methanol-based solutions. An independent stability study conducted by a second laboratory confirmed the 1-year stability of 3 family mixes—quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919496
title: Effects of an acute bout of dynamic stretching on biomechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle determined by Shear Wave Elastography

description: Raw data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919496.v1
title: Effects of an acute bout of dynamic stretching on biomechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle determined by Shear Wave Elastography

description: Raw data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919487
title: Role playing a city's response to climate change: Engaging undergraduate geoscience students

description: A clear understanding of climate change and its impacts on society is an integral component of scientific literacy today. However, college students in introductory and lower division science courses often struggle to connect with this material in a meaningful way when they do not see how it is relevant to their daily lives. To address this challenge, we have developed a role-playing game in which students act out a fictitious meeting of the Seattle City Council in which they select an action plan in response to impending sea-level rise. They are given roles and form factions to develop proposals, lobbying for either climate change prevention, mitigation, or adaptation. Students focus on using scientific literature and evidence to support their arguments and work as teams to get their action plans approved by the city council. The game takes approximately two class periods, during which the teams research and prepare action plans, the council hears proposals and questions the lobbying citizens, and an action plan is selected. Quantitative and qualitative data from introductory Earth and atmospheric science courses demonstrate improved learning outcomes for game-relevant course content and student perceptions of increased learning.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919487.v1
title: Role playing a city's response to climate change: Engaging undergraduate geoscience students

description: A clear understanding of climate change and its impacts on society is an integral component of scientific literacy today. However, college students in introductory and lower division science courses often struggle to connect with this material in a meaningful way when they do not see how it is relevant to their daily lives. To address this challenge, we have developed a role-playing game in which students act out a fictitious meeting of the Seattle City Council in which they select an action plan in response to impending sea-level rise. They are given roles and form factions to develop proposals, lobbying for either climate change prevention, mitigation, or adaptation. Students focus on using scientific literature and evidence to support their arguments and work as teams to get their action plans approved by the city council. The game takes approximately two class periods, during which the teams research and prepare action plans, the council hears proposals and questions the lobbying citizens, and an action plan is selected. Quantitative and qualitative data from introductory Earth and atmospheric science courses demonstrate improved learning outcomes for game-relevant course content and student perceptions of increased learning.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919478
title: Dataset 1 - Textos Articulados das Normas Legislativas Federais

description: Contempla os textos articulados da publicação original de cada norma jurídica produzida pelo Processo Legislativo Federal a partir de um marco histórico definido.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919472
title: Authentic research in an introductory geology laboratory and student reflections: Impact on nature of science understanding and science self-efficacy

description: This study examines the effects of an extended authentic research experience on students’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) and self-efficacy toward science. The curriculum of an introductory physical geology lab was transformed to include a six-week, student-driven research project focused on local groundwater and surface water issues. Students’ NOS understanding was measured by using a modified version of the Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry questionnaire (<i>n</i> = 181) and their science self-efficacy using a modified vocational self-efficacy survey (<i>n</i> = 179). Data were collected on students during four semesters. We found that the combination of having students explicitly reflect on the NOS and working on a research project improves students’ overall NOS understanding, and that the increase was higher for female students. We found that for non-STEM students the research project alone had a more positive effect on their NOS understanding. A research project alone did not significantly increase non-STEM students’ science self-efficacy, but adding explicit NOS reflections did, and more so for female students. The self-efficacy of STEM students increased more than the one of non-STEM students if they completed both a research project and reflected on NOS concepts. This complex set of results suggests that there are multiple ways to implement an authentic research experience to increase students’ NOS understanding, whereas to increase students’ self-efficacy, reflections on the NOS are a good strategy, particularly for STEM students. For female students, a promising approach is designing an experiment and reflecting on the NOS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5919472.v1
title: Authentic research in an introductory geology laboratory and student reflections: Impact on nature of science understanding and science self-efficacy

description: This study examines the effects of an extended authentic research experience on students’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) and self-efficacy toward science. The curriculum of an introductory physical geology lab was transformed to include a six-week, student-driven research project focused on local groundwater and surface water issues. Students’ NOS understanding was measured by using a modified version of the Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry questionnaire (<i>n</i> = 181) and their science self-efficacy using a modified vocational self-efficacy survey (<i>n</i> = 179). Data were collected on students during four semesters. We found that the combination of having students explicitly reflect on the NOS and working on a research project improves students’ overall NOS understanding, and that the increase was higher for female students. We found that for non-STEM students the research project alone had a more positive effect on their NOS understanding. A research project alone did not significantly increase non-STEM students’ science self-efficacy, but adding explicit NOS reflections did, and more so for female students. The self-efficacy of STEM students increased more than the one of non-STEM students if they completed both a research project and reflected on NOS concepts. This complex set of results suggests that there are multiple ways to implement an authentic research experience to increase students’ NOS understanding, whereas to increase students’ self-efficacy, reflections on the NOS are a good strategy, particularly for STEM students. For female students, a promising approach is designing an experiment and reflecting on the NOS.