cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282156
title: Study of the Dispersion of Carbon Monoxide Associated with Vehicular Emission in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre with the Numerical Modeling System CCATT - BRAMS

description: Abstract Air pollution directly affects the urban areas inhabitants, with a potential impact on health, especially when associated with respiratory diseases. The mobile sources are the main pollutants responsible for the primary emission and secondary formation of chemical compounds in the atmosphere, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and ozone. The local air quality continuous monitoring is extremely important for the municipal environmental policies but is not feasible due to the high cost of equipment. An alternative is the use of numerical modeling to air quality forecast at the local and regional scales. But the numerical models have a number of uncertainties and are dependent on emission inventories for good accuracy of dispersion and chemistry simulations. However, Brazil lacks local inventories, especially in high spatial resolution, which makes local modeling difficult to use in the control and mitigation of air pollution. In this context, this work aims the study of carbon monoxide dispersion in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (MRPA), in the Rio Grande do Sul state, using the CCATT-BRAMS system, with emphasis on vehicular sources. Two periods - January 2009 and January 2016 - were analyzed using the FEPAM precursor gas inventory information for the 2009 and 2013 base years respectively, spatially distributed in the PREP-CHEM-SRC emissions preprocessor. In general, the simulations consistently represented the data observed by the monitoring network, with RMSE below 0.3 in most stations evaluated. Sensitivity analyses also revealed that approximately 40% of the concentration of carbon monoxide over the municipality of Porto Alegre (Main city of MRPA) occurs due to large-scale transport.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282158
title: Prediction of Atmospheric Turbulence Characteristics for Surface Boundary Layer using Empirical Spectral Methods

description: Abstract Atmospheric turbulence is an unsteady phenomenon found in nature and plays significance role in predicting natural events and life prediction of structures. In this work, turbulence in surface boundary layer has been studied through empirical methods. Computer simulation of Von Karman, Kaimal methods were evaluated for different surface roughness and for low (1%), medium (10%) and high (50%) turbulence intensities. Instantaneous values of one minute time series for longitudinal turbulent wind at mean wind speed of 12 m/s using both spectra showed strong correlation in validation trends. Influence of integral length scales on turbulence kinetic energy production at different heights is illustrated. Time series for mean wind speed of 12 m/s with surface roughness value of 0.05 m have shown that variance for longitudinal, lateral and vertical velocity components were different and found to be anisotropic. Wind speed power spectral density from Davenport and Simiu profiles have also been calculated at surface roughness of 0.05 m and compared with k−1 and k−3 slopes for Kolmogorov k−5/3 law in inertial sub-range and k−7 in viscous dissipation range. At high frequencies, logarithmic slope of Kolmogorov −5/3rd law agreed well with Davenport, Harris, Simiu and Solari spectra than at low frequencies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282158.v1
title: Prediction of Atmospheric Turbulence Characteristics for Surface Boundary Layer using Empirical Spectral Methods

description: Abstract Atmospheric turbulence is an unsteady phenomenon found in nature and plays significance role in predicting natural events and life prediction of structures. In this work, turbulence in surface boundary layer has been studied through empirical methods. Computer simulation of Von Karman, Kaimal methods were evaluated for different surface roughness and for low (1%), medium (10%) and high (50%) turbulence intensities. Instantaneous values of one minute time series for longitudinal turbulent wind at mean wind speed of 12 m/s using both spectra showed strong correlation in validation trends. Influence of integral length scales on turbulence kinetic energy production at different heights is illustrated. Time series for mean wind speed of 12 m/s with surface roughness value of 0.05 m have shown that variance for longitudinal, lateral and vertical velocity components were different and found to be anisotropic. Wind speed power spectral density from Davenport and Simiu profiles have also been calculated at surface roughness of 0.05 m and compared with k−1 and k−3 slopes for Kolmogorov k−5/3 law in inertial sub-range and k−7 in viscous dissipation range. At high frequencies, logarithmic slope of Kolmogorov −5/3rd law agreed well with Davenport, Harris, Simiu and Solari spectra than at low frequencies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282156.v1
title: Study of the Dispersion of Carbon Monoxide Associated with Vehicular Emission in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre with the Numerical Modeling System CCATT - BRAMS

description: Abstract Air pollution directly affects the urban areas inhabitants, with a potential impact on health, especially when associated with respiratory diseases. The mobile sources are the main pollutants responsible for the primary emission and secondary formation of chemical compounds in the atmosphere, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and ozone. The local air quality continuous monitoring is extremely important for the municipal environmental policies but is not feasible due to the high cost of equipment. An alternative is the use of numerical modeling to air quality forecast at the local and regional scales. But the numerical models have a number of uncertainties and are dependent on emission inventories for good accuracy of dispersion and chemistry simulations. However, Brazil lacks local inventories, especially in high spatial resolution, which makes local modeling difficult to use in the control and mitigation of air pollution. In this context, this work aims the study of carbon monoxide dispersion in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (MRPA), in the Rio Grande do Sul state, using the CCATT-BRAMS system, with emphasis on vehicular sources. Two periods - January 2009 and January 2016 - were analyzed using the FEPAM precursor gas inventory information for the 2009 and 2013 base years respectively, spatially distributed in the PREP-CHEM-SRC emissions preprocessor. In general, the simulations consistently represented the data observed by the monitoring network, with RMSE below 0.3 in most stations evaluated. Sensitivity analyses also revealed that approximately 40% of the concentration of carbon monoxide over the municipality of Porto Alegre (Main city of MRPA) occurs due to large-scale transport.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282159
title: Seasonal Analysis of Biophysical Parameters using the MODIS Sensor for the State OF Alagoas

description: Abstract The monitoring of the biophysical parameters of a given region is of paramount importance for its population, in view of the impacts caused by large-scale climatic factors and the seasonality of the meteorological systems that affect the region. Therefore, the objective of the study is analyzing the seasonality of the biophysical parameters Index of Vegetation by Normalized Difference (IVDN) and Land surface temperature (LST) as well, TST interaction with rainfall in the State of Alagoas for the years 2001 and 2016 rises under the influence of La Niña. IVDN and TST product TST from the MODIS sensor, TERRA satellite, were processed using the Qgis 2.18.3 software. Initially, calculations were performed with the adjustment factors in the IVDN and TST images, and later the thematic maps were prepared for the analyzes. The result TST obtained show an increase in the last quarter of 2016 in the classes of thin vegetation and exposed soil and a decrease in dense vegetation compared to 2001, in the other classes there is a seasonal variability of the vegetation cover. TST maps have direct influence with IVDN, showing an inversely proportional relationship between the parameters. In precipitation, TST direct influence on the response of IVDN and TST was verified, due to the type of vegetation found in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282159.v1
title: Seasonal Analysis of Biophysical Parameters using the MODIS Sensor for the State OF Alagoas

description: Abstract The monitoring of the biophysical parameters of a given region is of paramount importance for its population, in view of the impacts caused by large-scale climatic factors and the seasonality of the meteorological systems that affect the region. Therefore, the objective of the study is analyzing the seasonality of the biophysical parameters Index of Vegetation by Normalized Difference (IVDN) and Land surface temperature (LST) as well, TST interaction with rainfall in the State of Alagoas for the years 2001 and 2016 rises under the influence of La Niña. IVDN and TST product TST from the MODIS sensor, TERRA satellite, were processed using the Qgis 2.18.3 software. Initially, calculations were performed with the adjustment factors in the IVDN and TST images, and later the thematic maps were prepared for the analyzes. The result TST obtained show an increase in the last quarter of 2016 in the classes of thin vegetation and exposed soil and a decrease in dense vegetation compared to 2001, in the other classes there is a seasonal variability of the vegetation cover. TST maps have direct influence with IVDN, showing an inversely proportional relationship between the parameters. In precipitation, TST direct influence on the response of IVDN and TST was verified, due to the type of vegetation found in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282162
title: Analysis of Surface Albedo in Oil Palm and Differents Land Use and Land Cover in The Eastern Amazon

description: Abstract In recent years there has been a continuous advance of the agricultural frontier of oil palm in the Amazon region, which causes changes in soil cover in this region. Given the need to understand the influence of this crop on surface albedo, the present study aims to compare the fluctuations of surface albedo in oil palm culture area with those of pasture, forest and secondary vegetation. To make this comparison, orbital data based on Terra / MODIS satellite product MCD43A3 for the years 2015 and 2016 were used. The samples selected for the study area showed that the oil palm showed little variation, estimating values medium α = 0.14, being statistically distinct from other uses and coverings, with the albedo: Pasture &gt; Palm Oil &gt; Secondary Vegetation &gt; Forest. Demonstrating that possible conversions from one cover to another can influence the surface radiation balance, ie if oil palm cultivation continues to advance over pasture areas, this would decrease surface albedo and consequently have microclimate changes, however. If expansion occurs over areas of Secondary Vegetation or Forest an inversion will occur and may contribute to climate change.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282162.v1
title: Analysis of Surface Albedo in Oil Palm and Differents Land Use and Land Cover in The Eastern Amazon

description: Abstract In recent years there has been a continuous advance of the agricultural frontier of oil palm in the Amazon region, which causes changes in soil cover in this region. Given the need to understand the influence of this crop on surface albedo, the present study aims to compare the fluctuations of surface albedo in oil palm culture area with those of pasture, forest and secondary vegetation. To make this comparison, orbital data based on Terra / MODIS satellite product MCD43A3 for the years 2015 and 2016 were used. The samples selected for the study area showed that the oil palm showed little variation, estimating values medium α = 0.14, being statistically distinct from other uses and coverings, with the albedo: Pasture &gt; Palm Oil &gt; Secondary Vegetation &gt; Forest. Demonstrating that possible conversions from one cover to another can influence the surface radiation balance, ie if oil palm cultivation continues to advance over pasture areas, this would decrease surface albedo and consequently have microclimate changes, however. If expansion occurs over areas of Secondary Vegetation or Forest an inversion will occur and may contribute to climate change.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282165
title: Temporal Variability of Land Cover in Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte States

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal variation of NDVI, the temperature of the earth's surface (TST) and rainfall (PCP) in the degraded Caatinga (DC) and recovery (CR) regions in the State of Paraíba, and preserved (CP) in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. MODIS /Terra sensor remote sensing (SR) techniques were applied using non-parametric and trend tests. In the CD and CR areas, the rainy season is included in autumn-winter, representing more than 70% of the annual total. The CP presents two patterns of use of the PCP, the first associated in the summer, and the accumulated ones represent 33,4% of the annual total, and the second number of autumn represented 52,8%. The highest average monthly NDVI values are present in the CR. The CD showed the highest TST values. The greatest negative correlations between TST and PCP and between TST and NDVI were found in CR (-0,73) and CP (-0,86), respectively. A positive relationship between NDVI and PCP was selected in all environments, with an emphasis on a PC (0,84). The results found, evidence that SR products from the MODIS sensor are important for understanding anthropogenic and climatic impacts on Caatinga vegetation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282164
title: Data Acquisiton and Transmission System for Carbon Dioxide Analysis

description: Abstract Despite being a minor part of the atmosphere's composition, the so-called greenhouse gases play a crucial role in their thermodynamics. Over the past 200 years, however, human activities have significantly altered the global carbon cycle. Thus, in the current context of global warming, quantifying, with increasingly reliable values, greenhouse gas emissions and the global carbon cycle has become one of scientists’ priorities. This study aims to develop a system for acquisition and wireless transmission of carbon dioxide data from the C-Sense, a sensor manufactured by Turner Designs. As result, a reliable, compact and versatile circuit has been developed that acts as an embedded system for monitoring CO2 concentration and partial pressure, as well as two temperature variables. Regarding the transmission of data via radio frequency, its data transmission has a range of 470 m without loss. A Python script has been implemented that stores data and generates real-time graphs for system monitoring.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282164.v1
title: Data Acquisiton and Transmission System for Carbon Dioxide Analysis

description: Abstract Despite being a minor part of the atmosphere's composition, the so-called greenhouse gases play a crucial role in their thermodynamics. Over the past 200 years, however, human activities have significantly altered the global carbon cycle. Thus, in the current context of global warming, quantifying, with increasingly reliable values, greenhouse gas emissions and the global carbon cycle has become one of scientists’ priorities. This study aims to develop a system for acquisition and wireless transmission of carbon dioxide data from the C-Sense, a sensor manufactured by Turner Designs. As result, a reliable, compact and versatile circuit has been developed that acts as an embedded system for monitoring CO2 concentration and partial pressure, as well as two temperature variables. Regarding the transmission of data via radio frequency, its data transmission has a range of 470 m without loss. A Python script has been implemented that stores data and generates real-time graphs for system monitoring.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282165.v1
title: Temporal Variability of Land Cover in Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte States

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal variation of NDVI, the temperature of the earth's surface (TST) and rainfall (PCP) in the degraded Caatinga (DC) and recovery (CR) regions in the State of Paraíba, and preserved (CP) in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. MODIS /Terra sensor remote sensing (SR) techniques were applied using non-parametric and trend tests. In the CD and CR areas, the rainy season is included in autumn-winter, representing more than 70% of the annual total. The CP presents two patterns of use of the PCP, the first associated in the summer, and the accumulated ones represent 33,4% of the annual total, and the second number of autumn represented 52,8%. The highest average monthly NDVI values are present in the CR. The CD showed the highest TST values. The greatest negative correlations between TST and PCP and between TST and NDVI were found in CR (-0,73) and CP (-0,86), respectively. A positive relationship between NDVI and PCP was selected in all environments, with an emphasis on a PC (0,84). The results found, evidence that SR products from the MODIS sensor are important for understanding anthropogenic and climatic impacts on Caatinga vegetation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282167.v1
title: Data Assimilation Using WRFDA Over the Terminal Area of Rio de Janeiro

description: Abstract The impact of the data assimilation process of air temperature and relative humidity from surface meteorological stations and sounding at airports in the terminal area of Rio de Janeiro is evaluated using the Weather Research and Forecast Data Assimilation system. Synthetic data of temperature, relative humidity and wind are generated in the locations of airport sensors by applying a white-noise perturbation in the forecast data. Results show a positive overall impact of the assimilation process with the removal of part of the noise in the observation data but keeping the effect of local conditions in the later timesteps of the simulation. In addition, with the assimilation process there is a global reduction of the error between the analysis data and the observation data. In the future, a neural network will be trained to emulate the data assimilation process to speed-up the assimilation process in the WRF model.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282167
title: Data Assimilation Using WRFDA Over the Terminal Area of Rio de Janeiro

description: Abstract The impact of the data assimilation process of air temperature and relative humidity from surface meteorological stations and sounding at airports in the terminal area of Rio de Janeiro is evaluated using the Weather Research and Forecast Data Assimilation system. Synthetic data of temperature, relative humidity and wind are generated in the locations of airport sensors by applying a white-noise perturbation in the forecast data. Results show a positive overall impact of the assimilation process with the removal of part of the noise in the observation data but keeping the effect of local conditions in the later timesteps of the simulation. In addition, with the assimilation process there is a global reduction of the error between the analysis data and the observation data. In the future, a neural network will be trained to emulate the data assimilation process to speed-up the assimilation process in the WRF model.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282170
title: Evaluation of the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model in the Simulation of the Water Budget Components in the Amazon Basin

description: Abstract This study evaluated the performance of the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM) in the representation of water balance components in the Amazon basin for the present climate (1979-2015). The BAM model reproduces the space-temporal variation of the water balance components in the Amazon basin, despite the deficiency in correctly positioning the maximum precipitation and moisture convergence over the region. BAM underestimated precipitation (8,8%) and runoff (36,8%), and overestimated evapotranspiration (5,3%). Moisture sink behavior was well represented by BAM, since precipitation is always greater than evapotranspiration (P &gt; E) in the Amazon basin. The non-closure of the water budget (52,6%) in the basin shows the limitation of BAM physical parameters in the representation of convection (precipitation) and moisture convergence, proving the need for better adjustments. Overall, despite underestimating rainfall, BAM adequately simulated annual and seasonal rainfall. The evapotranspiration was overestimated, especially in the rainy season, but was underestimated in the dry season. The results showed that BAM needs adjustments and calibration in the representation of surface processes, since it presented difficulty in simulating the seasonal variation of evapotranspiration. Systematic errors found in water balance components are of great importance in determining the degree of confidence for present climate simulations and future projections.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282170.v1
title: Evaluation of the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model in the Simulation of the Water Budget Components in the Amazon Basin

description: Abstract This study evaluated the performance of the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM) in the representation of water balance components in the Amazon basin for the present climate (1979-2015). The BAM model reproduces the space-temporal variation of the water balance components in the Amazon basin, despite the deficiency in correctly positioning the maximum precipitation and moisture convergence over the region. BAM underestimated precipitation (8,8%) and runoff (36,8%), and overestimated evapotranspiration (5,3%). Moisture sink behavior was well represented by BAM, since precipitation is always greater than evapotranspiration (P &gt; E) in the Amazon basin. The non-closure of the water budget (52,6%) in the basin shows the limitation of BAM physical parameters in the representation of convection (precipitation) and moisture convergence, proving the need for better adjustments. Overall, despite underestimating rainfall, BAM adequately simulated annual and seasonal rainfall. The evapotranspiration was overestimated, especially in the rainy season, but was underestimated in the dry season. The results showed that BAM needs adjustments and calibration in the representation of surface processes, since it presented difficulty in simulating the seasonal variation of evapotranspiration. Systematic errors found in water balance components are of great importance in determining the degree of confidence for present climate simulations and future projections.