cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/ntgv-nk90
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Fonti - Pura C1 - CASA - ITRDB SWIT312

description: Questions: As a consequence of socio-economic changes, many Castanea sativa coppices have been abandoned and are now developing past their usual rotation length. Do we have to expect changes in stand structure and composition of abandoned Castanea sativa coppice invaded by other species? Is a tree ring-based approach adequate to early recognise changes in inter-specific competitive interaction?

Location: Lowest alpine forest belt of the southern Swiss Alps.

Methods: We selected a 60-year old abandoned Castanea sativa coppice stand with sporadic Fagus sylvatica and Quercus cerris mixed in. Using tree-ring based indices we analysed differences in the species-specific response to competition. Analyses were performed by comparing how subject dominant trees (10 Castanea, 5 Fagus, 5 Quercus) have differently faced competition from their immediate Castanea coppice neighbourhood, taking into account the changes over time and space.

Results: Although no species appears yet to have made a difference in the surrounding coppice mortality, there are species-specific differences in growth dominance, which indicate potential successional processes. Castanea sativa growth dominated in the early stages of stand development. However, after approximately 30–35 yr Fagus sylvatica and Quercus cerris became much more dominant, indicating a change in competitive potential that does not favour Castanea sativa.

Conclusions: Without interventions this coppice will develop into a mixed stand. A tree-ring based approach allows an early recognition of forthcoming changes in stand composition and structure and is likely to be an important tool for forest landscape management.
description: Collection purpose: 
# competition
# 
# References:
# Fonti et al. 2006 Journal of vegetation science  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/ngdm-5f74
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kavanagh - Wilcox - PCEN - ITRDB CANA456

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Cores are stored at:
# # University of Western Ontario
# # 
# # References:
# # Luckman B.H. and Kavanagh T.A. 2000.  
# # Impact of Climate Fluctuations on Mountain Environments in the Canadian Rockies. 
# # Ambio, XXIX, 7, 371-380.  
# # 
# # Kavanagh, T.A.  2000.  
# # A reconstruction of treeline dynamics in Sunwapta Pass, Alberta.  
# # Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/nbpt-zm77
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bigio fire data from Marina Basin  (Vallecito Reservoir), San Juan Mountains - IMPD USMAR001

description: In the past few decades, wildfires have increased in size and severity in the Southwest and across the western US.  These recent trends in fire behavior are a drastic change in arid, ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests of the Southwest compared with tree-ring records of fire history for the past ~ 400 years.  This study presents a late Holocene record (~ 3,000 years) of fire history and related changes in fire regimes with climate variability over annual to multi-decadal time scales.  Tree-ring and alluvial-sediment sampling sites were paired in four small, tributary basins located in the western San Juan Mountains of Colorado.  In our study sites, tree-ring records show that fire return intervals were longer and fire behavior was more severe on the north-facing slopes with relatively dense mixed conifer stands.  Increased fire barriers and steep topography decreased the fire frequency and extent relative to gentle terrain elsewhere in the range and leading to a lack of synchrony among fire years in different parts of the study area. The alluvial-sediment record showed four peaks in high-severity fire activity over the past 3,000 years ranging between 200 - 400 years in length.  The timing of peaks coincided with decadal-length drought episodes and were often preceded by multiple decades of above average winter precipitation.  The sampling of alluvial-sediment and tree-ring data allowed for site-level comparisons between recent alluvial deposits and specific fire years interpreted from the tree-ring records.  We found good correspondence between the type of fire-related sediment deposit (i.e. geomorphic response) in the alluvial record and the extent of mixed and high-severity fire estimated from the tree-ring record, and the correspondence was well-supported by the debris flow probability model results.  The two paleofire data tend to represent particular components of the historical fire regime, with alluvial-sediments biased towards infrequent, high-severity events during recent millennia, and the tree-ring record biased toward lower severity fires during recent centuries.  The combined analyses of different paleofire proxy types in the same study sites, therefore, can enhance and expand our understanding of fire and climate history beyond what is possible with either proxy alone.
description: This site was chosen to correspond with alluvial-stratigraphy fire history sampling locations.
DOI: 10.25921/nc6n-rb25
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Yang - Zhamashi - JUPR - ITRDB CHIN071

description: An annually resolved and absolutely dated ring-width chronology spanning 4,500 y has been constructed using subfossil, archaeological, and living-tree juniper samples from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The chronology represents changing mean annual precipitation and is most reliable after 1500 B.C. Reconstructed precipitation for this period displays a trend toward more moist conditions: the last 10-, 25-, and 50-y periods all appear to be the wettest in at least three and a half millennia. Notable historical dry periods occurred in the 4th century BCE and in the second half of the 15th century CE. The driest individual year reconstructed (since 1500 B.C.) is 1048 B.C., whereas the wettest is 2010. Precipitation variability in this region appears not to be associated with inferred changes in Asian monsoon intensity during recent millennia. The chronology displays a statistical association with the multidecadal and longer-term variability of reconstructed mean Northern Hemisphere temperatures over the last two millennia. This suggests that any further large-scale warming might be associated with even greater moisture supply in this region.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Climatology - precipitation NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/n5j0-y554
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Guiterman - Canyon del Potrero, Mesa Alta - PIPO - ITRDB NM588

description: An enduring mystery from the great houses of Chaco Canyon is the origin of more than 240,000 construction timbers. We evaluate probable timber procurement areas for seven great houses by applying tree-ring width-based sourcing to a set of 170 timbers. To our knowledge, this is the first use of tree rings to assess timber origins in the southwestern United States. We found that the Chuska and Zuni Mountains (>75 km distant) were the most likely sources, accounting for 70% of timbers. Most notably, procurement areas changed through time. Before 1020 Common Era (CE) nearly all timbers originated from the Zunis (a previously unrecognized source), but by 1060 CE the Chuskas eclipsed the Zuni area in total wood imports. This shift occurred at the onset of Chaco florescence in the 11th century, a time with substantial expansion of existing great houses and the addition of seven new great houses in the Chaco Core area. It also coincides with the proliferation of Chuskan stone tools and pottery in the archaeological record of Chaco Canyon, further underscoring the link between land use and occupation in the Chuska area and the peak of great house construction. Our findings, based on the most temporally specific and replicated evidence of Chacoan resource procurement obtained to date, corroborate the long-standing but recently challenged interpretation that large numbers of timbers were harvested and transported from distant mountain ranges to build the great houses at Chaco Canyon. 
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/n1m1-ar92
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Titicaca 60 kyr Leaf Wax Hydrogen Isotope Data

description: A record of the hydrogen isotopic composition of terrestrial leaf waxes (dDwax) in sediment cores from Lake Titicaca provides new insight into the precipitation history of the Central Andes and controls of South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) variability since the last glacial period. Comparison of the dDwax record with a 19-kyr dD record from the nearby Illimani ice core supports the interpretation that precipitation dD is the primary control on dDwax with a lesser but significant role for local evapotranspiration and other secondary influences on dDwax. The Titicaca dDwax record confirms overall wetter conditions in the Central Andes during the last glacial period relative to a drier Holocene. During the last deglaciation, abrupt dDwax shifts correspond to millennial-scale events observed in the high-latitude North Atlantic, with dry conditions corresponding to the Bolling-Allerød and early Holocene periods and wetter conditions during late glacial and Younger Dryas intervals. We observe a trend of increasing monsoonal precipitation from the early to the late Holocene, consistent with summer insolation forcing of the SASM, but similar hydrologic variability on precessional timescales is not apparent during the last glacial period. Overall, this study demonstrates the relative importance of high-latitude versus tropical forcing as a dominant control on glacial SASM precipitation variability.
description: Hydrogen isotope data for C28 and C30 n-alkanoic acids in Lake Titicaca sediments. 
Sediments were taken from NE98-4BXB (3.5-0 ka) and LT01-2B (60-3.5 ka) cores (in separate data files). 
For details on chronology, see Fritz et al. 2007 Lake Titicaca data set: 
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt
Note for this dD data set calendar ages in original age model were updated using IntCal13 calibration.
DOI: 10.25921/npxa-kx94
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Walker - West Virginia-HWA - TSCA - ITRDB WV008

description: Context: 
Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an invasive insect that is defoliating and killing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the USA.
Aims: 
We quantified changes in tree-ring growth rates and wood anatomy for living trees infested with hemlock woolly adelgid across six sites from Massachusetts (42°41'N) to Georgia (34°53'N) to identify growth responses of eastern hemlock that had survived infestation.
Methods: 
Annual ring widths from infested eastern hemlocks were cross-dated and measured. Growth rates before and after infestation were compared. Two infested trees from Virginia were cut, and thin sections were prepared to identify changes in cell properties.
Results: 
At three sites, trees experienced a significant decrease in radial growth after hemlock woolly adelgid arrival; however, the other three sites showed no change or increase in growth. Latewood produced after hemlock woolly adelgid infestation had significantly smaller cells with reduced cell wall thickness compared to latewood prior to infestation.
Conclusion: 
At half the sites where hemlock woolly adelgid infested eastern hemlock trees were sampled, radial growth increased or remained unchanged. This unexpected response may be due to reduced competition due to mortality of other eastern hemlocks or physiological compensatory responses of increased photosynthetic rate and increased water use efficiency experienced by eastern hemlock infested with hemlock woolly adelgid. 
description: Purpose of Collection:
# Ecology - insect outbreaks
# 
# Cores are stored at:
# Virginia Tech Tree-Ring Lab
# 
# Notes:
# These cores were collected because of an insect outbreak. 
# Not recommended for use in climate reconstruction. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/nkcc-p742
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Rarotonga - Ion and Isotope Data and SST Reconstruction

description: We present a 271-year record of Sr/Ca variability in a coral from Rarotonga in the South Pacific gyre. Calibration with monthly sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite and ship measurements made in a grid measuring 1 by 1 degree over the period from 1981 to 1997 indicates that this Sr/Ca record is an excellent proxy for SST. Comparison with SST from ship measurements made since 1950 in a grid measuring 5 by 5 degree also shows that the Sr/Ca data accurately record decadal changes in SST. The entire Sr/Ca record back to 1726 shows a distinct pattern of decadal variability, with repeated decadal and interdecadal SST regime shifts greater than 0.75C. Comparison with decadal climate variability in the North Pacific, as represented by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (1900-1997), indicates that several of the largest decadal-scale SST variations at Rarotonga are coherent with SST regime shifts in the North Pacific. This hemispheric symmetry suggests that tropical forcing may be an important factor in at least some of the decadal variability observed in the Pacific Ocean.
description: A 271 year record of Sr/Ca variability in a coral from Rarotonga in the South Pacific gyre. Calibration with monthly sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite and ship measurements made in grid measuring 1° by 1° over the period from 1981 to 1997 indicates that this Sr/Ca record is an excellent proxy for SST. Comparison with SST from ship measurements made since 1950 in a grid measuring 5° by 5° also shows that the Sr/Ca data accurately record decadal changes in SST. The entire Sr/Ca record back to 1726 shows a distinct pattern of decadal variability with repeated decadal and interdecadal SST regime shifts greater than 0.75°C. Comparison with decadal climate variability in the North Pacific as represented by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (1900-1997) indicates that several of the largest decadal-scale SST variations at Rarotonga are coherent with SST regime shifts in the North Pacific. This hemispheric symmetry suggests that tropical forcing may be an important factor in at least some of the decadal variability observed in the Pacific Ocean.
DOI: 10.25921/nq5e-5f03
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Walker - Pennsylvania-HWA - TSCA - ITRDB PA016

description: Context: 
Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an invasive insect that is defoliating and killing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the USA.
Aims: 
We quantified changes in tree-ring growth rates and wood anatomy for living trees infested with hemlock woolly adelgid across six sites from Massachusetts (42°41'N) to Georgia (34°53'N) to identify growth responses of eastern hemlock that had survived infestation.
Methods: 
Annual ring widths from infested eastern hemlocks were cross-dated and measured. Growth rates before and after infestation were compared. Two infested trees from Virginia were cut, and thin sections were prepared to identify changes in cell properties.
Results: 
At three sites, trees experienced a significant decrease in radial growth after hemlock woolly adelgid arrival; however, the other three sites showed no change or increase in growth. Latewood produced after hemlock woolly adelgid infestation had significantly smaller cells with reduced cell wall thickness compared to latewood prior to infestation.
Conclusion: 
At half the sites where hemlock woolly adelgid infested eastern hemlock trees were sampled, radial growth increased or remained unchanged. This unexpected response may be due to reduced competition due to mortality of other eastern hemlocks or physiological compensatory responses of increased photosynthetic rate and increased water use efficiency experienced by eastern hemlock infested with hemlock woolly adelgid. 
description: Purpose of Collection:
# Ecology - insect outbreaks
# 
# Cores are stored at:
# Virginia Tech Tree-Ring Lab
# 
# Notes:
# These cores were collected because of an insect outbreak. 
# Not recommended for use in climate reconstruction. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3g7y92
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 59 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Orchidantha maxillarioides"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 59 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021181-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/n1r9-zk18
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southern Andes composite 2 Tree ring width, PAGES LOTRED-SA Version

description: This study presents a comprehensive assessment of high-resolution Southern Hemisphere (SH) paleoarchives covering the last 2000 years. We identified 174 monthly to annually resolved climate proxy (tree ring, coral, ice core, documentary, speleothem and sedimentary) records from the Hemisphere. We assess the interannual and decadal sensitivity of each proxy record to large-scale circulation indices from the Pacific, Indian and Southern Ocean regions over the twentieth century. We then analyse the potential of this newly expanded palaeoclimate network to collectively represent predictands (sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, surface air temperature and precipitation) commonly used in climate reconstructions. The key dynamical centres-of-action of the equatorial Indo-Pacific are well captured by the palaeoclimate network, indicating that there is considerable reconstruction potential in this region, particularly in the post AD 1600 period when a number of long coral records are available. Current spatiotemporal gaps in data coverage and regions where significant potential for future proxy collection exists are discussed. We then highlight the need for new and extended records from key dynamical regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Although large-scale climate field reconstructions for the SH are in their infancy, we report that excellent progress in the development of regional proxies now makes plausible estimates of continental- to hemispheric-scale climate variations possible.
description: Uploaded by R. Neukom, data obtained from original authors.
	These are not raw data but processed and truncated chronologies, representing a composite of two or more individual sites. Details see (Neukom and Gergis 2011, The Holocene, DOI: 10.1177/0959683611427335). For the raws contact the authors or/and check ITRDB.
DOI: 10.25921/ndm7-2z39
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Weddell Sea ODP690 Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Mg/Ca and d18O Data

description: Earth's hydrological cycle was profoundly perturbed by massive carbon emissions during an ancient (56 Ma) global warming event referred to as the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). One approach to gaining valuable insight into the response of the hydrological cycle is to construct sea-surface salinity (SSS) records that can be used to gauge changes in the rates of evaporation and precipitation during the PETM in such climatically sensitive areas as the circum-Antarctic region. Here, we pair oxygen isotope (δ18O) and magnesium-calcium (Mg/Ca) measurements to reconstruct PETM sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and δ18O composition of seawater (δ18Osw) at austral Site 690 (Weddell Sea). Several discrepancies emerge between the δ18O- and Mg/Ca-based SST records, with the latter indicating that the earliest PETM was punctuated by a short-lived ~4°C increase in local SSTs. Conversion of the δ18Osw values to SSS reveals a ~4 ppt decrease ~50 ka after peak PETM warming at Site 690. This negative SSS (δ18Osw) anomaly coincides with a prominent minimum in the planktic foraminifer δ18O record published for the Site 690 PETM section. Thus, our revised interpretation posits that this δ18O minimum signals a decrease in surface-ocean δ18Osw fostered by a transient increase in mean annual precipitation in the Weddell Sea region. The results of this study corroborate the view that the poleward flux of atmospheric moisture temporarily increased during a distinctive stage of the PETM.
description: Mg/Ca and d18O data on Acarinina soldadoensis shells from Weddell Sea core ODP690 for the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (~56ma)
DOI: 10.25921/nfts-ma14
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lago Umayo Isotope and Summary Diatom Data and Precipitation Reconstruction over the last 7000 years

description: This paper serves two purposes: to review current ideas about the nature and forcing of decadal to millennial scale precipitation variation in the southern tropics of South America during the late Quaternary and to present a new methodology for the reconstruction of precipitation as applied to a Holocene stable isotopic record of carbonate sediments in a tropical Andean lake, Lago Umayo, Peru. The basic thesis of the first part of the paper is that, although modern instrumental records suffice for deducing climate variability at decadal and shorter time scales, these records cannot adequately characterize the nature and forcing of lower-frequency climate variation. Understanding the nature of multi-decadal to millennial-scale climate variation and the mechanisms of large abrupt climate change is best derived from paleoclimatic time series. Tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature variation is a significant control on tropical South American paleoclimate at these longer time scales. In the second part of the paper, an original method is presented for quantitatively reconstructing precipitation. This method utilizes the well-known relationship between the stable isotopic composition of precipitation and the amount of precipitation, a relationship that is highly significant in many tropical locales. Due to many simplifying assumptions, the reconstruction should be considered to be tentative. A ~12% increase in precipitation (~570 to 650 mm a–1) at 4750 cal year BP is consistent with the 6% increase in summer insolation at this latitude over the same period. However, the increase in precipitation was neither unidirectional nor gradual. Instead, every 240 years on average, precipitation increased or decreased by at least ~8% for periods lasting on average 100 years. The largest of these events had ~15% positive or negative departures from the long-term mean precipitation. These southern tropical wet events apparently coincided with periods of low sea-surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic, supporting a hypothesis of a tropical North Atlantic sea-surface temperature control on tropical South American precipitation at decadal to millennial scales.
description: diatom species data have been submitted to Neotoma. Precipitation is calculated from an isotope model; see paper for details. 14C dates were calibrated using Calib 5.0.2  (Stuiver and Reimer 1993) using the Southern Hemisphere calibration (McCormac et al. 2004). Provided Keywords: South America, tropics, Andes, SA monsoon, oxygen isotopes, carbonates, diatoms