cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48580/d3pc3.v76
title: Genus Lecithocera of Thailand. Part IV. Descriptions of three new species and notes on a little known species (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbp.v84
title: A new hermit crab species of the genus Catapagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbs.v84
title: The West Indian Peridinetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbq.v84
title: A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Spirostreptus Brandt 1833 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) with descriptions of a new species and a new genus of spirostreptid millipede
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbr.v82
title: A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
DOI: 10.18150/0veega
title: The Perception of Discrimination Among Ukrainian Workers in the Labour Markets of Selected Visegrad Group Countries

description: The data was used in an article analysing the experiences of Ukrainian economic migrants in the labour markets of Poland and the Czech Republic, focusing in particular on inequalities and perceived discrimination. Using structural equation modelling (SEM) on a sample of N=168 individuals, the study fills an important research gap concerning the subjective perceptions of workers in the V4 region. The results reveal a significant correlation: housing stability is positively correlated with the perception of discrimination. In particular, the longer migrants stay in the host country, the more acutely they feel the effects of unequal treatment. During the recruitment process, language barriers proved to be the most common cause of discrimination. Paradoxically, frequent experiences of discrimination during job interviews were associated with a generally lower perception of discrimination; this may be due to a psychological defence mechanism whereby individuals attribute rejection to external factors in order to maintain their self-esteem. The study found no statistically significant differences between Poland and the Czech Republic, suggesting that the social challenges in both countries are similar. The authors conclude that combating discrimination requires strategic human resource management based on inclusive leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives.
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbh.v84
title: Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbn.v80
title: A new species of Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) from northeast India with a discussion of the similar species Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940 and Japalura planidorsata Jerdon, 1870
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbk.v82
title: Comparative morphology and species-groups of the oribatid mite genus Scapheremaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Cymbaeremaeidae), with new species from South Australia
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbl.v81
title: A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Coptoprepes Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pbc.v79
title: Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya — an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pb9.v84
title: A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree
DOI: 10.48580/d3pb5.v84
title: A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pb6.v85
title: New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
DOI: 10.48580/d3pb8.v79
title: Description of two new species of the Corophiidae (Amphipoda, Crustacea) and register of Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934) from Brazilian waters
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6qd53b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 14520 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cephalanthera rubra",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 100",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1970",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Material citation"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 14520 records from 91 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024156-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.727hcd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 35 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Sudamerlycaste locusta (Rchb.f.) Archila"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 35 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002851-230810091245214/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v9vq2j
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 333055824 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Plantae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 333055824 records from 6754 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0195373-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hj2sgk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Neosalanx argentea)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence, Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1991",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018690-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.3535/6sk-511-3lj
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wrxvjd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 201 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "Geometry" : [
 "MULTIPOLYGON(((78.7518930578956 21.806739018384,78.9369349477381 21.6918263526572,78.9721838042499 21.7502092636398,78.7900137294529 21.8564362175067,78.7518930578956 21.806739018384)))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 201 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018688-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/qq3-48j-a8f
title: Aegocrioceras

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xwa-mw3-x3m
title: †Trachyphyllia constricta (Brüggeman, 1877)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2yq-78b-d9p
title: †Holaster L. Agassiz, 1835

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jg7-qrs-vm6
title: Equus (Equus) caballus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yze-y9m-3a8
title: Foraminifera d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ja3-x7m-641
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/qvt-lbt-tqg
title: Bryozoa

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/b7n-pwt-45x
title: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/r6c-r5d-h41
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/a48-la3-6ap
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dmp-r7x-cn7
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p93-kwa-xqz
title: Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/24e-nsy-xzl
title: Cnidaria

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ka2-h7h-rjc
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ava-8cv-ecr
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/eem-mkm-lsd
title: Nyctereutes Temminck, 1838

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ay2-wg9-540
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/227-t9x-vvl
title: Simbirskites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/b0v-cam-4em
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0t4-3ld-n0g
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/thf-9rh-j4r
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dt6-77f-k5g
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bxd-p1g-ln7
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fq5-myf-2tv
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/cr2-dnb-sz9
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/f1v-421-y4j
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/al7-xya-50b
title: Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/del-bvx-n5t
title: Langsdorffia Mart.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/j6l-pfd-0ht
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dbw-8sr-79q
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p56-m15-veb
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mpn-40k-sr5
title: Brachiopoda Duméril, 1805

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/n5l-9hd-bya
title: Equus (Equus) caballus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nr3-bxh-kkf
title: †Ammonoidea

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/r13-vl1-3qr
title: Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/l38-teq-pvd
title: Cetacea Brisson, 1762

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mc0-zr8-g1s
title: †Conoclypus L. Agassiz, 1839

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/8ap-wqh-wvt
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/cet-bf1-y8l
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wh3-adk-6lk
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0rx-baa-kgr
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/z5m-hab-f0w
title: †Pseudorbitoides trechmanni Douvillé, 1922

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/w0c-937-6m2
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mcwhj4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Haminoea cyanomarginata",
 "Country is Malta",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018691-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.3535/r27-bqa-aly
title: Graptolithina Bronn, 1849

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vbf-zq3-tb5
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/qa4-tsf-43p
title: Terebratella d'Orbigny, 1847

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/xh8-sm5-ha0
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6w5pve
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 41193 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((6.270478454088015 49.61344053648613, 6.269495162709932 49.622229603087135, 6.26589061938837 49.63072508924397, 6.259802114332535 49.63860027863477, 6.251462769006413 49.64555215718149, 6.241192708409098 49.65131311477506, 6.229386812931605 49.65566129844378, 6.216499512047034 49.6584292085678, 6.203027208848628 49.65951019702039, 6.189489027905176 49.65886260815364, 6.17640665314915 49.65651139698084, 6.16428406316223 49.65254715970881, 6.153587975821879 49.64712261547754, 6.1447297825416936 49.64044668012918, 6.138049686198604 49.6327763685146, 6.133803660226099 49.624406847095976, 6.132153724835551 49.615660029867236, 6.133161896604091 49.60687216512992, 6.136788016982241 49.598380896566184, 6.142891510853908 49.59051229840866, 6.151236974841089 49.58356838128116, 6.161503352425817 49.57781554323946, 6.173296323913472 49.57347440112669, 6.186163427386868 49.570711382548495, 6.1996113346282105 49.56963239093692, 6.213124635140215 49.57027877793827, 6.226185432819441 49.57262577151275, 6.238293034002933 49.576583417545805, 6.248983002719987 49.58200000035505, 6.257844879053756 49.588667816153276, 6.264537899406896 49.59633108621713, 6.2688041227781675 49.604695716095584, 6.270478454088015 49.61344053648613))",
 "Year is one of (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)",
 "KingdomKey is one of (Animalia, Fungi, Plantae)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 41193 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018687-250811113504898/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/9l0-pa5-shv
title: Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2p6-1x9-zac
title: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/c6e-c01-gsg
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2ch-xaq-5hq
title: Pomatoschistus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/r4f-mvf-yz4
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15470/akznrb
title: Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Biol?gicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (MACB)

description: Incluye todos los pliegos del herbario, que en la actualidad son cerca de 130.000, en su mayor parte corresponden a plantas de la flora espa?ola, con buena representaci?n de la flora europea y americana. Existen ejemplares procedentes de m?s 70 pa?ses destacando Portugal, Francia, Finlandia, Chipre, Estados Unidos, Argentina, Chile y Marruecos. Como es frecuente, la mayor?a de los pliegos es de plantas con semillas, m?s de 90.000 muestras informatizadas. Adem?s, en el Herbario se conservan excelentes colecciones de cript?gamas, unos 28.000 pliegos, de los cuales hay unos 10.000 bri?fitos, 15.000 l?quenes y 2.500 helechos.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b2jfbn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 17 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Alpinia jianganfeng T.L.Wu"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 17 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015723-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n2x75v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Agrostophyllum elatum Schltr."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006421-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y7k34y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8121 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-73.18503 45.53042,-73.11031 45.53042,-73.11031 45.57361,-73.18503 45.57361,-73.18503 45.53042))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Month is one of (July, August, September)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Passeriformes"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8121 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0067960-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ar3uwq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 165 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Eriocnemis nigrivestis (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852))",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 165 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019409-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nkutua
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5271 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "VerbatimScientificName is Minla ignotincta",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Machine Observation, Human Observation)",
 "Year 2011-2021",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen, Specimen, Material citation, Material sample)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5271 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0076709-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hk8wtk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 186 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Agrostophyllum elongatum (Ridl.) Schuit."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 186 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006426-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1388794.10fu
title: SH1388794.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18230409
title: MA'NAVIY-MA'RIFIY FAOLIYAT SAMARADORLIGINI TA'MINLASHDA PEDAGOGIK VA PSIXOLOGIK YONDASHUVLAR

description: Mazkur maqolada ma’naviy-ma’rifiy ishlarni tashkil etish va boshqarishning mazmun-mohiyati pedagogik va psixologik yondashuvlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ma’naviy-ma’rifiy faoliyat samaradorligining shaxs rivoji, ichki motivatsiya va ta’lim muhiti bilan uzviy bog‘liqligi ilmiy jihatdan asoslab beriladi. Olingan natijalar ma’naviy-ma’rifiy ishlarni boshqarishda integratsiyalashgan pedagogik-psixologik yondashuvlarning zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.