DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z8w9ghxnj
title: Data from: An antigen panel to assess the regional relevance of foot and mouth disease vaccines

description: Despite widespread use of inactivated vaccines to control foot-and-mouth
 disease (FMD), there is no systematic approach to demonstrate the regional
 relevance of these products against the specific serotypes and strains
 that circulate in endemic countries in Africa and Asia. Failure to adopt
 independent testing of FMD vaccines has contributed to poor trust in their
 quality and a lack of investment in vaccination programmes. Therefore, a
 reference antigen panel representing four serotypes, tailored for East
 Africa, has been established and used to measure FMDV-specific antibody
 responses in cattle after administration of FMD vaccines commercially
 available in the region. This revealed inconsistencies and gaps in
 cross-neutralisation responses that are evident for some vaccines even
 after giving booster doses. It is concluded that the East Africa reference
 antigen panel can be used to evaluate FMD vaccine potency and drive up
 vaccine quality. Further panels could be developed and deployed for other
 endemic regions.
description: # Data from: An antigen panel to assess the regional relevance of foot and
 mouth disease vaccines ## Description ### Supplementary Data 1
 (SD1\_mAb\_info.xlsx file) **Characteristics of foot-and-mouth disease
 virus (FMDV) monoclonal antibody (mAb) used for antigenic typing** -
 Murine mAbs used for antigenic typing had been prepared over many years at
 the WOAH FMD Reference Laboratory in Brescia, Italy (Istituto
 Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna
 "Bruno Ubertini") and included both neutralising and
 non-neutralising Mabs. mAbs were raised against: 1. FMDV serotype O
 O/Switzerland/1965 or O Manisa lineages (*O MAN & O-1 and O UK 2001
 spreadsheets*); 2. different FMDV serotype A strains (*Various Type A
 spreadsheet*); 3. FMDV serotype SAT 1 SAT1/BOT 1/68 lineage (*SAT1 BOT
 1-68 spreadsheet*); 4. FMDV serotype SAT 2 SAT2/ZIM/5/81 lineage (*SAT2
 ZIM 5-81 spreadsheet*) ### Supplementary Data 2 (SD2\_pAb\_info.xlsx file)
 **Characteristics of FMDV polyclonal antibody (pAb)** **used for antigenic
 typing **- 198 archived bovine FMDV antisera (48 Serotype O, 70 Serotype
 A, 14 SAT 1, 31 SAT 2 and 35 multivalent sera shared between SAT 1 and SAT
 2). The antisera had been raised against 40 vaccines with different
 vaccine strains and strain combinations.  ### Supplementary Data 3
 (SD3\_mAb\_data.xlsx file) **Antigenic reactivity of a panel of 63 FMDV
 strains against serotype homologous mAbs** - The assay used to analyse the
 reactivity of each virus with the serotype homologous Mabs was a trapping
 ELISA, performed as previously described (Samuel et al., 1991; Grazioli et
 al., 2013), but using recombinant integrin αvβ6 as universal capture
 ligand for FMDV in place of serotype-homologous polyclonal rabbit immune
 sera (Ferris et al., 2011; Shimmon et al., 2016). Values represent
 percentage of reactivity, normalised and expressed in a scale from 0 to
 100. ### Supplementary Data 4 (SD4\_pAb\_data.xlsx file) **Antigenic
 reactivity of a panel of 32 FMDV strains against serotype homologous
 pAbs** - The virus neutralisation test (VNT) used was as described by
 Rweyemamu et al. (1984).  Values represent log10 antibody titre. ###
 Supplementary Data 5 (SD5\_VNT\_data.xlsx file) **Reciprocal VNT titres of
 cattle and guinea pigs after immunisation with different FMDV vaccine
 batches and tested against a panel of 16 FMDV strains** - The test method
 followed the description in the WOAH Manual (Rweyemamu et al., 1984). 
 Values represent antibody titre. ## Reference * Rweyemamu, M. M.,
 Ouldridge, E. J., Head, M., & Purse, F. Evaluation of the antigenic
 variation within type-A foot and mouth disease virus isolates from Asia.
 J. Biol. Stand. 12, 191–194 (1984).
 [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-1157(84)80053-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-1157\(84\)80053-0) * Grazioli, S., Fallacara, F., & Brocchi, E. Mapping of antigenic sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia 1 and relationships with sites described in other serotypes. J. Gen. Virol. 94, 559–569 (2013). [https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.048249-0](https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.048249-0) * Samuel, A. R., Knowles, N. J., Samuel, G. D., & Crowther J. R. Evaluation of a trapping ELISA for the differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus using monoclonal antibodies. Biologicals 19, 299-310 (1991). [https://doi.org/10.1016/s1045-1056(05)80019-3](https://doi.org/10.1016/s1045-1056\(05\)80019-3) * Ferris NP, Grazioli S, Hutchings GH, Brocchi E. (2011). Validation of a recombinant integrin αvβ6/monoclonal antibody based antigen ELISA for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. J Virol Methods. 175(2):253-60. * Shimmon, G. et al. Truncated Bovine Integrin Alpha-v/Beta-6 as a Universal Capture Ligand for FMD Diagnosis. PLoS One 11, e0160696 (2016). [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160696](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160696) ## Version Changes **20-May-2025** - Added additional information on SD3_mAb_data.xlsx and SD4_pAb_data.xlsx files to clarify data presented on antigenic reactivity of FMDV strains tested against serotype homologous mAbs and pAbs