cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79453
title: Girl’s School, Acheng, 1910

description: “Ashiho [Acheng] Girl’s School, 1910” Group portrait of young school children posed outside the school in the snow. The Women’s Foreign Mission had a strong presence in Manchuria and the majority of girl’s schools and women’s hospitals were run by female missionaries, many were qualified teachers or doctors. The United Presbyterian Church started work in Ashiho in 1892 when Dr Thomas Young arrived on itinerant medical work and treated over five hundred patients in three weeks. The mission was gifted a property from which they could do medical and evangelical work and Ashiho became the central hub for the region. The image is taken during the time of the Great Revival when interest in Christianity was at its height amongst the indigenous population and major inroads were being made into Korea.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79466
title: Mr. and Mrs. Inglis, Manchuria, 1910

description: “Mr & Mrs Inglis at Kaiyuan 1910.” Portrait of a couple standing at the portico of a house and dressed for winter weather. James William Inglis was ordained to Manchuria in 1890 and arrived with his sister, who would later marry Dr Christie, the following year. He set up and taught in the Theological College, 1911, and published; Christianity and the Modern Mind, 1916; Blind Chang, 1901; The Nestorian Share in Buddhist Translation, 1917 as well as many translations. Caroline Margaret Inglis (nee Napier) married James on 28 July 1900
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79677
title: Distinguished Group, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: A Distinguished Group. Rev Dr Arthur, Mrs Arthur, Mr Willis (Uganda). Mrs Heywood. Mr Heywood (Mombasa), Rev W.B. Stevenson (commissioner). Mrs Willis, Mr Burley (Zanzibar)." Group portrait of ministers and their wives, seated in front of the Manse at Kikuyu. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The Hunter Memorial Hospital was opened in January 1908, making it the first permanent building erected at Kikuyu and by the 6th of January, patients were beginning to be admitted. Smallpox and cases of famine were the most common illnesses. The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. In April of the same year, the first day-school was opened for children. By March 1926, The Alliance High School for older boys was established, principled by Mr G.A. Grieve ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79446
title: Deep snow and a wheel off, Manchuria, 1909

description: “… An accident to an emigrant’s cart. This cart contains all the belongings of the emigrating family, who are inside the matting cover trying to keep warm. A wheel has broken or come off in the deep snow. The drivers have taken the mules and ponies away to try & get another cart & two men of the family are standing cooking [apte?] things till the drivers’ return.” Exterior view of a covered wagon in the snow with a broken wheel. James Stobie and others come across a family in difficulty on the road to Ashiho, in northern Manchuria, in the winter of 1909. James Stobie (b.1869) was appointed to Manchuria in 1894 and served in the Ashiho station with his wife Katherine Kirk Paton. The Manchuria mission had progressed from Newchwang, a coastal Treaty Port in the south up to Ashiho in the far north since John Ross established the Scottish Presbyterian mission in Manchuria in 1872.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79602
title: Eating Room, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Girls Eating Room, Girls Making Bags from Sisal"Portrait of young indigenous girls making bags from Sisal material, whilst sitting outside in front of the eating rooms in the dormitories.The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. In April of 1900, the first day-school was opened for children. The Church of Scotland then assumed control of the Mission in 190.1 By March 1926, The Alliance High School for older boys was established, principled by Mr G.A. Grieve. Crops were grown (maize, beans and sweet potatoes) in part to provide foods for the school children. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79431
title: Flood damage, Haicheng, China, 1888

description: “House ruined by rains, Mr Alex Westwater’s house behind”. Exterior view of a seriously damaged building where the front wall has collapsed. There was major flooding over large areas of Manchuria in 1888 which caused famine and the spread of disease. Dr Alexander McDonald Westwater was a relation of the Rev. Alexander Westwater who died of a fever in 1886 after administrating to the survivors of flooding that year. Rev. Alexander Westwater’s widow remained in China as a missionary and later married Dr Gordon of the Irish Presbyterian Mission. ❧ The image is from an album relating to the Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79987
title: Collapsed bamboo bridge, Mozambique, ca.1925

description: Exterior view along a bamboo bridge that has collapsed under the weight of the mission truck. Mihecani station was established in the Alto Molocue district of Lomweland, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique], in 1913, and was situated near the Namuli Mountain. It was known as the children’s mission because it was financially supported by the Sunday Schools of Scotland. ❧ From a Photograph Album of the Blantyre Mission, Nyasaland [Malawi] and the Mihecani Mission, Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79475
title: Puppies sitting in a doorway, Manchuria, 1910

description: “Chinese [wonks?] (puppies).” Portrait of two puppies, probably Tibetan mastiffs, sitting in a doorway in Ashiho. ❧ The United Presbyterian Church started work in Ashiho in 1892 and the town, which lay in the Sungari district in the north of Manchuria, was described as having mud walls and being irregularly laid out. James Stobie (b.1869) was appointed to Manchuria in 1894 and served in the Ashiho station with his wife Katherine Kirk Paton. The image is taken during the time of the Great Revival when interest in Christianity was at its height amongst the indigenous population and major inroads were being made into Korea.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80117
title: Baobab tree, Blantyre, Malawi, ca.1904

description: "Baobab". Exterior view of a giant Baobab tree with surrounding settlement. There are people sitting in the branches of the tree. There is a rank of soldiers standing in front of the tree and various shelters and huts to the front right and left of the image. Under the shelter on the left of the image are people sleeping. In the image can be seen many items including a deckchair, pots, cooking utensils, spears and guns.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80123
title: Mat seller, Blantyre, Malawi, ca.1904

description: "Mat-seller." Portrait of a bearded man with a large rolled up grass mat. He is holding the mat upright in both his arms and is also holding an axe. There is cultivated land behind him.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80115
title: Waterfront, Zanzibar, Tanzania, ca.1904

description: "Zanzibar, panorama from Sea". Seascape view of the waterfront at Zanzibar. Image is taken from the water looking inland, The side of the British consulate building can be seen to the right of the image.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80270
title: Mission station flag pole, Malawi, ca.1895

description: Exterior view of a mission station, a flag pole dominates the compound and various groups of people stand around it. This image could possibly record scenes from the early years of the Overtoun Institution at Kondowe, also know as Livingstonia. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79426
title: United Presbyterian Missionaries from the Manchuria field, China, ca.1888-1894

description: “Front of Dr Westwater’s house, [back L to R] Rev. J A Wylie, Dr Watson, Dr Westwater, [front L to R] Mrs A Westwater, Mrs Watson, Mrs Dr. Westwater”. ❧ Group portrait including missionaries for the U.P. Mission in Manchuria. Mrs A Westwater was the widow of the Rev. Alexander Westwater who had died of a fever after administrating to the survivors of the flooding of the Llao River in 1886. His brother and sister in law are also present in the photograph which was probably taken outside their house in Haicheng. ❧ The Album relates to the Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79540
title: Missionary and wife with Christian converts, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Photographs by Mr. Lawrie. Mr. and Mrs. Lawrie and natives.” Group portrait of James Hay Lawrie, his wife, Margaret, and locals wearing cloth garments. They pose to the side of a thatched building. Lawrie was a Presbyterian missionary from Edinburgh and based on Aneityum [Anatom], New Hebrides [Vanuatu], from 1879-1896. Later he was minister of several charges in New South Wales. They had four children. Margaret Lawrie died in 1922 and her husband in 1929.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80367
title: Panorama of Livingstonia, Malawi, ca.1903

description: “Panorama of the station (taken from the roof of the school) looking West, North, East, South and West.” One of eight images forming a three hundred and sixty degree panoramic view of the Livingstonia mission. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80247
title: Teacher's house and garden, Malawi, ca.1926

description: "Native Heads of Departments. Teacher's House and Garden." Exterior view of a brick house with an African teacher and his wife standing outside. Most mission stations had an annual training school for village teachers, to cope with the ever-increasing demand for education. Part of an album of photographs relating to Scottish mission work in Nyasaland [Malawi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80372
title: Panorama of Livingstonia, Malawi, ca.1903

description: “Panorama of the station (taken from the roof of the school) looking West, North, East, South and West.” One of eight images forming a three hundred and sixty degree panoramic view of the Livingstonia mission. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80227
title: Domasi Church, Malawi, ca.1926

description: "The Church. Domasi and District." Exterior view of redbrick church at Domasi, Nyasaland [Malawi]. This church was capable of holding two to three hundred worshippers. The Domasi Mission was founded in 1884 by Rev. Alexander Hetherwick. It was situated north of Blantyre, near Mount Zomba. The station was central to medical work in the area, and trained girls in industrial and domestic work.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80194
title: Senior Hospital Orderly, Blantyre Hospital, Malawi, ca.1926

description: “James, Senior Hospital Orderly. Has 21 years service.” Portrait of a senior hospital orderly outside a hospital building, Blantyre, Nyasaland [Malawi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80235
title: Newly constructed church, Domasi, Malawi, ca.1926

description: "Domasi District. New Church to replace one burned down. Convener conducted service here Dec. 3rd." Exterior view of a partially completed church with workmen and the local population gathered outside. The Domasi Mission was founded by Rev. Alexander Hetherwick in 1884. It is one of a number of important missions extending from Blantyre, in Southern Malawi and takes its name from the largest river that flows into Lake Shirwa [Chilwa] on the western shore. It was situated north of Blantyre, near to Mount Zomba.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80234
title: School teachers, Domasi, Malawi, ca.1926

description: "Miss Low and Native Teachers." Group portrait of teaching staff at Domasi School, Nyasaland [Malawi]. The Domasi Mission was founded by Rev. Alexander Hetherwick in 1884. It is one of a number of important missions extending from Blantyre, in Southern Malawi and takes its name from the largest river that flows into Lake Shirwa [Chilwa] on the western shore. It was situated north of Blantyre, near to Mount Zomba. The mission was central to medical work in the area, and trained girls in industrial and domestic work.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80067
title: A young boy sweeping the road, Malawi, ca.1910

description: portrait of a young boy sweeping the roadway with a brush made from thin branches. There is thick vegetation behind him.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80241
title: Mulanje Church, Malawi, ca.1926

description: "M'Lange and District. M'Lange Church." Exteriror view of a brick church with tiled roof and spire. The site of the mission station at Linje, Nyasaland [Malawi] was chosen by Rev David Clement Scott in 1891.The ordained Church of Scotland missionary for Mount Mlanje was Rev. Adam Currie, originally from Edinburgh. Church worshippers were registered and those not obeying the Christian rules of matrimony were removed from the register.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-80264
title: Paddle steamers and gunboats on the Lower Shire, Malawi, ca.1900

description: “A.L.C.’s S.S. James Stevenson [L] & HMS Herald, HMS Mosquito.” View of the Lower Shire with the African Lakes Corporation boat James Stevenson berthed on the left bank and two gunboats passing upriver. The boat was named after James Stevenson a businessman, chemicals manufacturer and member of the Glasgow Livingstonia Committee. He worked with James Stewart in developing a transport system in the heart of East Africa. The SS James Stevenson was a stern wheeler, ninety feet with a three foot draught and a capacity of fifty tons, it was procured in 1887. The Herald and Mosquito were gunboats used to patrol the Lower Shire and were stern wheelers. ❧ Album containing photographs recording a voyage up the Shire River and scenes from the Livingstonia mission.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79440
title: Street scene, Shenyang, 1909

description: “Street in Moukden [Shenyang] suburb, 1909” Street scene from the then capital of Manchuria showing a cart being pulled by two horses. Moukden was the centre for Scottish Missionary activity in the Manchuria field and a number of hospitals, schools and orphanages were built there. Dr Dugald Christie (1855-1936) is strongly associated with Moukden after being appointed to the field in 1881. It was there that he founded the Moukden Free Hospital and also the Moukden Medical College where he encouraged the education of indigenous doctors and medical staff.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79471
title: Interior of the mission house, Ashiho, Manchuria, 1910

description: “Ashiho.” The United Presbyterian Church started work in Ashiho in 1892 and the town, which lay in the Sungari district in the north of Manchuria, was described as having mud walls and being irregularly laid out. James Stobie (b.1869) was appointed to Manchuria in 1894 and served in the Ashiho station with his wife Katherine Kirk Paton. The image is taken during the time of the Great Revival when interest in Christianity was at its height amongst the indigenous population and major inroads were being made into Korea.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79671
title: St Cuthbert's Church, Limuru, Kenya, September 1926

description: St Cuthbert's, Limuru. Opened by Rev W.B Stevenson, Sunday 5th September 1926. Exterior." Exterior view of the front of the church at Limuru. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. . The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79622
title: Alliance High School, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Main Building South Side." External view of brick school building, with indigenous men standing outside the entrance. The Alliance High School for older boys was established in March 1926 by the Alliance of Protestant Mission - a collaboration of different missionary organisations - with the first headmaster being that of Mr G.A Grieve. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. In April of 1900, the first day-school was opened for children. The Church of Scotland then assumed control of the Mission in 1901. With the creation of the new school building, crops were grown (maize, beans and sweet potatoes) in part to provide foods for the school children. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79484
title: Stone church, Anelcauhat, Anatom, ca.1890

description: “Aneityum [Anatom] - The only stone church in the New Hebrides. Built by the late Rev Dr. Geddie at Anelcauhat.”  Exterior view of church with thatched roof and wooden fencing to the front. Mountains form the backdrop to the building. John Geddie of the Canadian Church pioneered the mission station in 1848 and over a hundred converts were made by 1853.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79651
title: Senior Preachers, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Josia. William. Ishmael. Rev Joshua Matenjura. Rev Dr Arthur. Rev Benjamin Githieya" Group portrait of the senior preachers at the mission site of Kikuyu. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The Hunter Memorial Hospital was opened in January 1908, making it the first permanent building erected at Kikuyu and by the 6th of January, patients were beginning to be admitted. Smallpox and cases of famine were the most common illnesses. The mission church was built as a memorial to Dr Ruffelle Scott who originally began the building of a mission church as a memorial to the Reverend Thomas Watson, who died in 1900. In April of the same year, the first day-school was opened for children ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79621
title: Waiting Room, Kikuyu, Kenya, August 1926

description: Waiting Room & Ward Kitchen" External view of a temporary structure under which patients are queuing. The Kikuyu Mission had been founded on a temporary site by the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1891, before moving to Kikuyu territory in 1898, under the Rev. Thomas Watson. Located on the ‘lower shamba’, the site stands 12 miles from Nairobi, at a distance of approximately 342 miles away from the coast. The Church of Scotland assumed control of the Mission in 1901. The Hunter Memorial Hospital was opened in January 1908, making it the first permanent building erected at Kikuyu and by the 6th of January, patients were beginning to be admitted. Smallpox and cases of famine were the most common illnesses. ❧ "A Series of Photos illustrating Life and Work at Kikuyu. August 1926. Rev W.B. Stevenson.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79427
title: Residence of John MacIntyre, Haicheng, China, ca.1888-1894

description: “Rev. [?] McIntyre’s House”. Exterior view of a building and main entrance built in a Chinese style. The image is very faint. Many mission buildings were built in the Chinese style to avoid exciting prejudice in the local population as animosity towards foreigners was an on going problem. John MacIntyre (1837-1905) aided John Ross (1842-1915) in opening up the Manchuria field for the United Presbyterian Mission. He was sent to Chefoo in 1871and then moved into Manchuria in 1874 where they took turns at itinerating tours of the stations. He married Catherine Ross and remained in China till his death at Peitaiho in 1905. ❧ The image is from an album relating to the Rev. James A Whylie (1863-1894) who was ordained to the Manchuria mission in 1887 and based in Liaoyang, 1888-1894. He did much itinerant work and built upon the work of Old Wang who had been the ‘native evangelist’ in Liaoyang until his death in 1885. When the first Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) broke out troops were being gathered to send to Korea and suspicion of foreigners was heightened. In Liaoyang, on the 10 August 1894, a group of Chinese soldiers wrecked the U.P. chapel and attacked Mr Whylie, who died of his wounds several days later. Missionaries and foreigners then sought refuge in the port of Newchwang where many remained until the war ended the following year.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79468
title: Presbyterian Church at Kaiyuan, Manchuria, 1910

description: “Kaiyuan Church.” Exterior view of an L shaped building with Doric style entrance ways. Kaiyuan was a city on the main road over twenty miles north of Tiehling. The United Presbyterian Church established themselves there with an indigenous soldier and evangelist named Kuan, who worked in the city and surrounding district. Many converts were drawn from the Hwen Yuen, a Buddhist sect based in Kaiyuan. James Webster (1854-1923) became the first permanent UP minister in the city after the first Sino-Japanese war. James Inglis (1861-) and James Stobie (1869-) would both be based in the city during their time in Manchuria