cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825885.v1
title: <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Hsp70-x: a heat shock protein at the host–parasite interface

description: <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> 70 kDa heat shock proteins (PfHsp70s) are expressed at all stages of the pathogenic erythrocytic phase of the malaria parasite life cycle. There are six PfHsp70s, all of which have orthologues in other plasmodial species, except for PfHsp70-x which is unique to <i>P. falciparum</i>. This research highlights a number of original results obtained by a detailed bioinformatics analysis of the protein. Large-scale sequence analysis indicated the presence of an extended transit peptide sequence of PfHsp70-x which potentially directs it to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Further analysis showed that PfHsp70-x does not have an ER-retention sequence, suggesting that the protein transits through the ER and is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole or beyond into the erythrocyte cytosol. These results are consistent with experimental findings. Next, possible interactions between PfHsp70-x and exported <i>P. falciparum</i> Hsp40s or host erythrocyte Hsp40 were interrogated by modelling and docking. Docking results indicated that interaction between PfHsp70-x and each of the Hsp40s, regardless of biological feasibility, seems equally likely. This suggests that J domain might not provide the specificity in the formation of unique Hsp70-Hsp40 complexes, but that the specificity might be provided by other domains of Hsp40s. By studying different structural conformations of PfHsp70-x, it was shown that Hsp40s can only bind when PfHsp70-x is in a certain conformation. Additionally, this work highlighted the possible dependence of the substrate-binding domain residues on the orientation of the α-helical lid for formation of the substrate-binding pocket.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825750
title: Gaussian Job Archive for C18H23NO3

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825750.v1
title: Gaussian Job Archive for C18H23NO3

description: Archive of work produced using the resources of the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825742
title: Levels of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium in clays for oral use on the Dutch market and estimation of associated risks

description: Pregnant women in Africa, Asia and Suriname, and some immigrants in Western societies, traditionally consume clay products known by a variety of names such as <i>mabele</i>, calabash chalk, <i>sikor</i> and <i>pimba</i>. Furthermore, clay is used for health purposes in Western societies. Because certain clays can contain high levels of metals and metalloids, the aim of this study was to determine lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium in clay products for oral use available on the Dutch market. Traditional clays originating from Africa (<i>n</i> = 10) and Suriname (<i>n</i> = 26), and health clays (<i>n</i> = 27) were sampled from 2004 up to and including 2012. Total metal and metalloid contents were measured by ICP-MS and showed maximum levels of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium of 99.7, 45.1, 2.2 and 0.75 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. In the absence of maximum limits for these type of clays, the potential exposure was estimated from the determined concentration, the estimated daily use level of the clays, and the estimated bioaccessibility of the different metals and arsenic. The intake estimates were compared with existing health-based guidance values. For lead, the use of 34 of the 36 traditional clays and two of the 27 health clays would result in intake levels exceeding the toxicological limit by up to 20-fold. Use of 15 of the 35 traditional clays and 11 of the 27 health clays would result in intake levels exceeding the toxicological limit for inorganic arsenic by up to 19-fold. Although limited bioaccessibility from the clay may limit the exposure and exceedance of the health-based guidance values, it was concluded that lead and arsenic intakes from some clay products could be of concern also because of their use by pregnant women and the potential developmental toxicity. As a result the use of these products, especially by pregnant women, should be discouraged.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825742.v1
title: Levels of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium in clays for oral use on the Dutch market and estimation of associated risks

description: Pregnant women in Africa, Asia and Suriname, and some immigrants in Western societies, traditionally consume clay products known by a variety of names such as <i>mabele</i>, calabash chalk, <i>sikor</i> and <i>pimba</i>. Furthermore, clay is used for health purposes in Western societies. Because certain clays can contain high levels of metals and metalloids, the aim of this study was to determine lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium in clay products for oral use available on the Dutch market. Traditional clays originating from Africa (<i>n</i> = 10) and Suriname (<i>n</i> = 26), and health clays (<i>n</i> = 27) were sampled from 2004 up to and including 2012. Total metal and metalloid contents were measured by ICP-MS and showed maximum levels of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium of 99.7, 45.1, 2.2 and 0.75 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. In the absence of maximum limits for these type of clays, the potential exposure was estimated from the determined concentration, the estimated daily use level of the clays, and the estimated bioaccessibility of the different metals and arsenic. The intake estimates were compared with existing health-based guidance values. For lead, the use of 34 of the 36 traditional clays and two of the 27 health clays would result in intake levels exceeding the toxicological limit by up to 20-fold. Use of 15 of the 35 traditional clays and 11 of the 27 health clays would result in intake levels exceeding the toxicological limit for inorganic arsenic by up to 19-fold. Although limited bioaccessibility from the clay may limit the exposure and exceedance of the health-based guidance values, it was concluded that lead and arsenic intakes from some clay products could be of concern also because of their use by pregnant women and the potential developmental toxicity. As a result the use of these products, especially by pregnant women, should be discouraged.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825733
title: Reproductive aspects of <i>Leptodactytus hylaedactylus</i> (Anura: Leptodactylidae), a member of the <i>Leptodactylus marmoratus</i> species group, with a description of tadpoles and calls

description: In this paper we describe some aspects of the reproductive biology of <i>Leptodactylus hylaedactylus</i> from open areas of Central Amazonia, Brazil. We describe the calling site, reproductive season, daily pattern of calling activity, chamber structure, vocalizations and tadpole morphology. Males of <i>Leptodactylus hylaedactylus</i> called amidst grasses and bushes in open and urban areas, throughout the year, and a greater number of males were heard in the period from 16:00 to 20:00 h. The eggs are deposited in underground chambers, which are spherical or elliptical. Larval development occurs inside the chambers. Two types of vocalizations were detected, the advertisement and the territorial call. The advertisement call of the species studied herein differs from other calls described for <i>L. hylaedactylus</i> from other localities of Brazil, but is very similar to that described from Peru. Tadpole morphology is similar to that described from individuals in French Guiana.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825734
title: The advertisement calls of four species of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) from southeastern Peru

description: We describe the advertisement calls of four species of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) of the genus <i>Nymphargus, Rulyrana</i> and <i>Centrolene</i> known to occur in the upper Manu National Park, on the eastern slopes of the Andes in southern Peru. Glassfrogs inhabit a harsh acoustic environment, because they call and reproduce along noisy mountain streams and rivers. We found extensive variation in the structure, temporal and spectral characteristics of the recorded calls. Although sample sizes were small, our data indicate that intraspecific variation is small. Interspecific variation in calls involved temporal as well as spectral traits. We observed two divergent call structures from a hypothetical simple model of the advertisement call. This simple model consists of a well-pulsed and moderate-frequency modulated call, such as the call emitted by <i>N. pluvialis</i>. The two divergent modifications encountered in our study included the further simplification of the call structure, such as the loss of amplitude and frequency modulation (encountered in <i>R. spiculata</i>), and repetition of a given temporal structure and the production of redundant signals (in <i>Centrolene</i> sp.). We discuss how acoustic properties of glassfrog calls could be modified in order to better transmit information through the noisy environment of waterfalls and running water. Describimos el canto nupcial de cuatro especies de ranitas de cristal (Centrolenidae) en los géneros <i>Centrolene, Rulyrana</i> y <i>Nymphargus</i> conocidas de la parte alta del Parque Nacional del Manu, en la vertiente oriental de los Andes en el sur de Perú. Las ranitas de cristal viven en ambientes acústicos difíciles, porqué cantan y se reproducen a lo largo de quebradas y ríos montanos ruidosos. Encontramos una variación considerable en la estructura y características temporales y espectrales de los cantos nupciales. A pesar del bajo numero de muestras, nuestros datos sugieren que la variación intraespecífica es limitada. Encontramos variación interespecífica tanto en los aspectos temporales como en los espectrales. Observamos dos estructuras divergentes de un modelo hipotético simple de canto nupcial. Este modelo simple consiste en un canto con una secuencia de impulsos y con modulación de frecuencia moderada, como en el caso de <i>N. pluvialis</i>. Las dos modificaciones divergentes encontradas en nuestro estudio fueron por un lado la simplificación de la estructura del canto, como ocurre con la pérdida de modulación de frecuencia y amplitud en <i>R. spiculata</i>, y por otro lado la repetición de una estructura temporal específica y la producción de señales auditivas redundantes, como en el canto de <i>Centrolene</i> sp. Discutimos cómo las propiedades acústicas de las ranitas de cristal pueden modificarse para mejorar la transmisión de información en el entorno ruidoso de cascadas y aguas corrientes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825735
title: A new species of <i>Adenomera</i> (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic rain forest in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

description: As part of the remarkable biodiversity of anurans in the southern range of the Brazilian Mata Atlântica, <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov. is described here as a new taxon occurring on the island of Santa Catarina and adjacent coastal mainland. This litter-inhabiting frog is restricted to the Atlantic rain forest biome, living in primary and secondary woods and semi-open areas from sea level to about 900 m a.s.l., partly in sympatry with its congener <i>A. araucaria</i>. Both species are also referred to the <i>Leptodactylus marmoratus</i> group. <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov. is a medium-sized member of the genus (snout–vent length 20.9–22.7 mm in males), characterized by a brown dorsal coloration with a maculated pattern of variable dark spots and blotches and a unique advertisement call, consisting of single, unpulsed notes with duration of 95–160 ms, dominant frequency between 3500 and 4300 Hz, and note repetition rates of 10–24 notes/min. Está descrita, como parte da enorme biodiversidade de anuros na região sul da Mata Atlântica brasileira, <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov. que ocorre na Ilha de Santa Catarina e no litoral adjacente. A espécie está restrita ao bioma da Mata Atlântica, onde vive no folhiço em mata primária, secundária e áreas semi-abertas, desde o nível do mar até 900 m, parcialmente em simpatria com <i>A. araucaria</i>. Ambas as espécies também são atribuidas ao grupo <i>Leptodactylus marmoratus</i>. <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov., de tamanho medio dentro do gênero (SVL 20.9–22.7 mm em machos), é caraterizada pela coloração dorsal marrom, com manchas escuras de tamanho e forma variável e um canto de anúncio distinto, que consiste de notas únicas e sem pulsos de 95–160 ms com frequência dominante entre 3500–4300 Hz e taxa de repetição de 10–24 notas por minuto.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825733.v1
title: Reproductive aspects of <i>Leptodactytus hylaedactylus</i> (Anura: Leptodactylidae), a member of the <i>Leptodactylus marmoratus</i> species group, with a description of tadpoles and calls

description: In this paper we describe some aspects of the reproductive biology of <i>Leptodactylus hylaedactylus</i> from open areas of Central Amazonia, Brazil. We describe the calling site, reproductive season, daily pattern of calling activity, chamber structure, vocalizations and tadpole morphology. Males of <i>Leptodactylus hylaedactylus</i> called amidst grasses and bushes in open and urban areas, throughout the year, and a greater number of males were heard in the period from 16:00 to 20:00 h. The eggs are deposited in underground chambers, which are spherical or elliptical. Larval development occurs inside the chambers. Two types of vocalizations were detected, the advertisement and the territorial call. The advertisement call of the species studied herein differs from other calls described for <i>L. hylaedactylus</i> from other localities of Brazil, but is very similar to that described from Peru. Tadpole morphology is similar to that described from individuals in French Guiana.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825734.v1
title: The advertisement calls of four species of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) from southeastern Peru

description: We describe the advertisement calls of four species of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) of the genus <i>Nymphargus, Rulyrana</i> and <i>Centrolene</i> known to occur in the upper Manu National Park, on the eastern slopes of the Andes in southern Peru. Glassfrogs inhabit a harsh acoustic environment, because they call and reproduce along noisy mountain streams and rivers. We found extensive variation in the structure, temporal and spectral characteristics of the recorded calls. Although sample sizes were small, our data indicate that intraspecific variation is small. Interspecific variation in calls involved temporal as well as spectral traits. We observed two divergent call structures from a hypothetical simple model of the advertisement call. This simple model consists of a well-pulsed and moderate-frequency modulated call, such as the call emitted by <i>N. pluvialis</i>. The two divergent modifications encountered in our study included the further simplification of the call structure, such as the loss of amplitude and frequency modulation (encountered in <i>R. spiculata</i>), and repetition of a given temporal structure and the production of redundant signals (in <i>Centrolene</i> sp.). We discuss how acoustic properties of glassfrog calls could be modified in order to better transmit information through the noisy environment of waterfalls and running water. Describimos el canto nupcial de cuatro especies de ranitas de cristal (Centrolenidae) en los géneros <i>Centrolene, Rulyrana</i> y <i>Nymphargus</i> conocidas de la parte alta del Parque Nacional del Manu, en la vertiente oriental de los Andes en el sur de Perú. Las ranitas de cristal viven en ambientes acústicos difíciles, porqué cantan y se reproducen a lo largo de quebradas y ríos montanos ruidosos. Encontramos una variación considerable en la estructura y características temporales y espectrales de los cantos nupciales. A pesar del bajo numero de muestras, nuestros datos sugieren que la variación intraespecífica es limitada. Encontramos variación interespecífica tanto en los aspectos temporales como en los espectrales. Observamos dos estructuras divergentes de un modelo hipotético simple de canto nupcial. Este modelo simple consiste en un canto con una secuencia de impulsos y con modulación de frecuencia moderada, como en el caso de <i>N. pluvialis</i>. Las dos modificaciones divergentes encontradas en nuestro estudio fueron por un lado la simplificación de la estructura del canto, como ocurre con la pérdida de modulación de frecuencia y amplitud en <i>R. spiculata</i>, y por otro lado la repetición de una estructura temporal específica y la producción de señales auditivas redundantes, como en el canto de <i>Centrolene</i> sp. Discutimos cómo las propiedades acústicas de las ranitas de cristal pueden modificarse para mejorar la transmisión de información en el entorno ruidoso de cascadas y aguas corrientes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825735.v1
title: A new species of <i>Adenomera</i> (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic rain forest in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

description: As part of the remarkable biodiversity of anurans in the southern range of the Brazilian Mata Atlântica, <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov. is described here as a new taxon occurring on the island of Santa Catarina and adjacent coastal mainland. This litter-inhabiting frog is restricted to the Atlantic rain forest biome, living in primary and secondary woods and semi-open areas from sea level to about 900 m a.s.l., partly in sympatry with its congener <i>A. araucaria</i>. Both species are also referred to the <i>Leptodactylus marmoratus</i> group. <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov. is a medium-sized member of the genus (snout–vent length 20.9–22.7 mm in males), characterized by a brown dorsal coloration with a maculated pattern of variable dark spots and blotches and a unique advertisement call, consisting of single, unpulsed notes with duration of 95–160 ms, dominant frequency between 3500 and 4300 Hz, and note repetition rates of 10–24 notes/min. Está descrita, como parte da enorme biodiversidade de anuros na região sul da Mata Atlântica brasileira, <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov. que ocorre na Ilha de Santa Catarina e no litoral adjacente. A espécie está restrita ao bioma da Mata Atlântica, onde vive no folhiço em mata primária, secundária e áreas semi-abertas, desde o nível do mar até 900 m, parcialmente em simpatria com <i>A. araucaria</i>. Ambas as espécies também são atribuidas ao grupo <i>Leptodactylus marmoratus</i>. <i>Adenomera engelsi</i> sp. nov., de tamanho medio dentro do gênero (SVL 20.9–22.7 mm em machos), é caraterizada pela coloração dorsal marrom, com manchas escuras de tamanho e forma variável e um canto de anúncio distinto, que consiste de notas únicas e sem pulsos de 95–160 ms com frequência dominante entre 3500–4300 Hz e taxa de repetição de 10–24 notas por minuto.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825727
title: Sexual reproductive biology of a colonial rotifer <i>Sinantherina socialis</i> (Rotifera: Monogononta): do mating strategies vary between colonial and solitary rotifer species?

description: In many aquatic invertebrates including monogonont rotifers, sex provides genetic variation and dormant stages that allow for dispersal in time and space. While the reproductive biology of some solitary monogonont rotifer species is known, little is known concerning mating behaviors in colonial rotifers. Coloniality poses unique challenges to the typical mating behavior of solitary rotifers. For instance, most species engage in circling behavior, where the male swims in close proximity to the female. In colonial forms, access to a particular female may be hindered by nearby colony mates. Here, we provide descriptions of (1) male morphology, (2) mating behavior, and (3) types of eggs of the widespread colonial rotifer <i>Sinantherina socialis,</i> and discuss modifications in mating strategies as a consequence of coloniality. Two important differences from mating patterns documented in solitary rotifers were found in <i>S. socialis</i>. First, duration of circling phase of mating is protracted for males encountering small colonies of females as compared to solitary females. Males encountering single females removed from their colonies behave similarly to those of solitary species. Second, duration of copulation in <i>S. socialis</i> is the shortest reported for any rotifer species. Endogamy might occur in this species as sons copulate with their sisters and mothers, at least under laboratory conditions. Examples of behaviors are available in linked video clips.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825726
title: Individual variation in the contact calls of the monomorphic Peach-fronted Conure, <i>Aratinga aurea</i>, and its potential role in communication

description: In several avian and mammal social species, contact calls are hypothesized to function in maintaining group cohesion, coordinating activities between group members and negotiating fissions and fusions of multiple groups during foraging and roosting. They are therefore expected to exhibit acoustic features that make them suitable for communication of identity information. We investigated this in the monomorphic Peach-fronted Conure, a tropical parakeet living in open forest and scrubland habitats. The species is highly social outside the breeding season where it is assumed to live in a fission–fusion social system. In this study, contact calls from 10 visually isolated male and female Peach-fronted Conures were recorded outside the breeding season. Results from the multivariate analysis of variance and spectrographic cross-correlation with principal coordinates analysis procedure showed that contact calls varied highly between individuals and indicated that caller identity could be encoded in the duration, peak frequency, max frequency and 25%, 50% and 75% frequency energy quartiles of contact calls. The 50% frequency and 75% energy quartile was also significantly higher for females than for males. Furthermore, the results showed an inverse relationship between two morphometric measures and two spectral parameters, suggesting that variation in call parameters could also allow receivers to obtain information about the body size of the caller. Discriminant function analysis showed that contact calls could be correctly classified to individuals in 100% and to sexes in 91% of the cases, suggesting that there is sufficient variation in contact call parameters to enable vocal recognition of individuals and sex.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825725
title: Vocal repertoire of Asiatic Black Bear (<i>Ursus</i><i>thibetanus</i>) cubs

description: The vocal repertoire of the Asiatic Black Bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) has been poorly studied and until recently only two call types (chuffing and humming) have been described. Here I investigate the vocalizations of three wild orphaned cubs (two males and one female) reared by two observers in natural conditions in the Russian Far East. I grouped the calls into structural types, and then compared them with existing literature data on vocalizations of the same, as well as other species of the Ursidae family. In total, 1302 calls were classified visually from spectrograms into seven call types: <i>whine</i>, <i>moan</i>, <i>yelp</i>, <i>grunt</i>, <i>snort</i>, <i>chuffing</i> and <i>humming.</i> Classification results were verified with discriminant function analysis and randomization. I also fixed the presence of nonlinear phenomena (NLP) and articulation effects in calls. <i>Whine</i> was the most frequently recorded, as well as the most structurally variable call type due to a high rate of NLP. These results indicate that the vocal repertoire of the Asiatic Black Bear cubs is graded, but includes at least two discrete sound types. This work needs to be continued with further studies of vocalizations of cubs and adults of this species to verify the results of this preliminary study.