DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw75p
title: Spatial phylogenetics of the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) in North America

description: In North America, the tribe Vernonieae (Asteraceae) comprises 92 species
 distributed mainly in mountain ranges. Combining molecular data for 62
 species and herbarium records (N=5424), spatial phylogenetics was used to
 identify regions of high phylodiversity, centers of endemism, and patterns
 of phylogenetic turnover in North America. The study region was divided
 into 1° latitude and longitude grid cells; four molecular markers (ndhF,
 trnL, rpl32-trnL, and ITS) were used to construct a phylogram and alpha
 phylodiversity indices were calculated (phylogenetic diversity and
 relative phylogenetic diversity) along with categorical analysis of neo-
 and paleo-endemism (CANAPE). Beta phylodiversity was examined using the
 PhyloβSimpson and PhyloβRWTurnover indices to determine major
 phyloregions. A randomization test of phylogenetic diversity revealed
 phylogenetic clustering in the north and south of North America, while
 overdispersion was concentrated in the south. Relative phylogenetic
 diversity showed significant concentrations of long branches in the north
 and south, whereas central Mexico exhibited concentrations of short
 branches. The CANAPE analysis revealed centers of paleo-endemism in
 southeastern Mexico, with long-branching lineages in genera such as
 Cyrtocymura and Lepidonia. Neo-endemism centers with short-branching
 species, such as those in genera Eremosis and Vickianthus were also
 identified, as well as areas with mixed endemism in different regions of
 Mexico. Phylogenetic turnover patterns determined 16 phyloregions
 (PhyloβSimpson) and 17 phyloregions (PhyloβRWTurnover).
description: North America was defined following Brummitt et al. (2001); thus,
 the study area includes Canada, the conterminous United States of America,
 and Mexico. Distribution data for 92 Vernonieae species from 20 genera
 were analyzed. Geographic data for Canada and the United States were
 obtained from the online databases BIEN (Maitner et al. 2017) and GBIF
 (2022). For Mexico, two public databases available in electronic format
 were consulted. The first is the National Biodiversity Information System
 (SNIB-REMIB) of the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of
 Biodiversity (CONABIO 2024: www.snib.mx), which includes digital
 information from numerous herbaria both in Mexico and abroad. The second
 is the National Herbarium (MEXU) digital repository at the National
 Autonomous University of Mexico (MEXU-IBdata 2024:
 https://www.ibdata.abaco3.org). Only those records based on herbarium
 specimens were used. They are kept in around 100 herbaria.
description: # Spatial phylogenetics of the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) in North America
 Dataset DOI:
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw75p](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw75p) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables #### File: Vernonieae_North_America.csv **Description:** Treated dataset of Vernonieae of North America  ##### Variables * Name: Contains the names of North American species. * Long: Contains longitude coordinates in decimal units. * Lat: Contains latitude coordinates in decimal units. ##### Access information Data was derived from the following sources: * IBdata. 2024. Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU) IBUNAM. [https://ibdata.abaco2.org/web/](https://ibdata.abaco2.org/web/) (last accessed 7 November 2024). - GBIF.org (2022) GBIF Occurrence Download [https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vt2z4q](https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vt2z4q) (Consulted June 2022). - Maitner, B. S., B. Boyle, N. Casler, R. Condit, J. Donoghue, S. M. Durán, D. Guadarrama, C. E. Hinchliff, P. M. Jørgensen, N. J. B. Kraft, B. McGill, C. Merow, N. Morueta-Holme, R. K. Peet, B. Sandel, M. Schildhauer, S. A. Smith, J.-C. Svenning, B. Thiers, C. Violle, S. Wiser, and B. J. Enquist. 2018. The bien r package: A tool to access the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution* 9: 373-379. #### File: concat_Vern_EG.nex **Description:** Concatenated matrix of the four molecular markers used for the spatial phylogenetic analysis. (the ndhF chloroplast gene, the spacer trnL region, the rpl32-trnL, and the nuclear ribosomal cistron ITS 1, 5.8S, and ITS 2). Each marker was aligned using MAFFT.  ##### Access information Data was derived from the following sources: * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) * Keeley, S. C., J. T. Cantley, J. T., and T. J. Gallaher. 2021. The “evil tribe” spreads across the land: A dated molecular phylogeny provides insight into dispersal, expansion, and biogeographic relationships within one of the largest tribes of the sunflower family (Vernonieae: Compositae). *American Journal of Botany* 108: 505-519. #### File: Vernonieae_tree_phylogram.nex **Description:** A nexus file containing one phylogenetic tree in Newick format of 63 taxa (62 Vernonieae and one outgroup). Branch lengths represent the amount of evolutionary change.