cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985742.v1
title: Interchangeability of biological products in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS): the main regulatory challenges

description: Abstract: Biological products have sparked a worldwide therapeutic revolution. However, the high cost of these products threatens health systems’ sustainability. The development of copies is considered an economic alternative, but due to the products’ complexity, many concepts used in generic drugs do not apply. Interchangeability between biologicals poses a regulatory challenge. This essay discusses the main regulatory challenges for establishing criteria for interchangeability between new biologicals and their copies in the scope of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), considering the guidelines adopted by the world’s main drug regulatory agencies concerning interchangeability and the prevailing Brazilian regulatory framework on this issue. Concerns related to the interchangeability of biologicals include automatic substitution, nomenclature, pharmacovigilance, immunogenicity, and extrapolation of therapeutic indications and clinical data from new biologicals to their copies. While the clinical success and economic benefits of switching from new biologicals to their biosimilars have already been observed, the heterogeneity between countries in the regulatory barriers to the approval of copies of biologicals should be taken into consideration during the regulation of interchangeability of biologicals in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985745.v1
title: Physiological and toxic effects of selenium on seed germination of cowpea seedlings

description: ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is considered a beneficial chemical element for plants, but in high concentrations it may present symptoms of toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate 11 concentrations of Se (0; 0.1; 0.5; 1; 5; 10; 20; 40; 80; 400; 800 mg.L-1) to determine the low and high (toxicity) critical levels to seed germination of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). In addition, alterations in the rate of photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and sugars during the initial growth development of seedlings were analysed. Seeds exposed to 800 mg.L-1 of Se showed a decrease of 20% of seed germination index compared to the control treatment. The decrease in seedling growth reflected in the increase of total sugars and sucrose concentration in both the shoot and root in response to exposure to Se concentration. There was a decrease in the concentration of leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids and pheophytin from seedlings exposed to high Se concentration. The rate of lipid peroxidation and the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the shoot was reduced up to the concentration of 1 mg.L-1 with subsequent increase in response to Se concentration applied. In the roots, the lipid peroxidation rate increased at concentrations higher than 80 mg.L-1. The highest oxidation rate of the cellular lipid membrane in response to Se occurred in the shoot, due to oxidation reactions in the chloroplast. Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and accumulation of total sugars and sucrose can be considered efficient biomarkers to indicate the toxicity of Se in cowpea seedlings and probably in other crops.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985739.v1
title: Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the effect of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in the treatment of postoperative pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy. 32 sheep were submitted to implantation of rumen cannula and orchiectomy, divided into three groups: GFlu (Flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.); GCet (Ketoprofen 3,0mg/kg i.v.); GMel (Meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Clinical examination and blood samples were performed at M0 (pre-evaluation), M1 (10 minutes after pre-evaluation), M2 (beginning ruminal cannula), M3 (immediately post-surgery), and M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h and M72h (2h, 12h, 23h, 25h, 48h and 72 hours post-surgery) with the evaluation of cortisol, glucose, total protein, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), urea, creatinine and blood count. At M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h and M48h a behavioral evaluation was performed. The GFlu showed higher concentration of cortisol at M12h and M48h and greater pain score related with fistula and testis procedures at M12h when compared to GMel. Animals in the GCet group presented lower interaction with other animals in the same M23h paddock. The analgesia provided by Meloxicam was higher than flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen in animals submitted to placement of ruminal cannula and orchiectomy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985733
title: Comparisons of the active components in four unripe raspberry extracts and their activites

description: Abstract Dried unripe raspberry of Rubus chingii, were prepared as the following four extracts: unpurified raspberry extract (URE), purified raspberry extract (PRE), URE after high temperature-high pressure (UPE-H, HTHP), and PRE after HTHP (PRE-H). The total polyphenolic contents (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of the four extracts, as assessed by colorimetry, significantly increased in the following order: URE &lt; URE-H &lt; PRE &lt; PRE-H. The antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity were as follows: PRE-H &gt; PRE ≈ URE-H &gt; URE. Moreover, 11 typical polyphenols were quantified using a HPLC-MS analysis showed that HTHP treatments were conducive to releasing more (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B1 and ellagic acid, reaching ~70% ‒1,100%, but decreased the rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside levels by ~10% –20%. The purification of macroporous resin was beneficial to the enrichment of all polyphenols, by ~30%–300%. Ellagic acid was the main polyphenol found in the extracts, accounting for ~67%-74%. The study indicated that changes in the polyphenols of raspberry extracts after resin purification and/or HTHP treatment were correlated with the extract’s antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity. Further evaluations of the correlation between bioactive ingredients and treatments should reveal that HTHP and resin purification methods are effective means of preparing extracts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985727
title: Gluten-free cheese bread from frozen dough: effect of modified cassava starch

description: Abstract The freezing process in dough is widely used to improve fresh product availability for the consumer. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different modified cassava starches on the quality and textural properties of gluten-free (GF) cheese bread made from frozen GF cheese dough. Three sour cassava starches (extra, express and yucauca) and two chemically modified starches (Expandex® (MCS) and Gel®Baking (OCS)) were used. Samples with sour cassava starches showed higher hardness and number of crumb pores than those with chemically modified starches. Furthermore, a better overall appearance was observed for samples with OCS. Hence, triangle test was carried out between samples with OCS and samples made from fresh dough (control). The consumer panelists identified differences between samples because the GF cheese breads with OCS showed higher compaction and hardness, and they were less salty in taste than the control samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985727.v1
title: Gluten-free cheese bread from frozen dough: effect of modified cassava starch

description: Abstract The freezing process in dough is widely used to improve fresh product availability for the consumer. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different modified cassava starches on the quality and textural properties of gluten-free (GF) cheese bread made from frozen GF cheese dough. Three sour cassava starches (extra, express and yucauca) and two chemically modified starches (Expandex® (MCS) and Gel®Baking (OCS)) were used. Samples with sour cassava starches showed higher hardness and number of crumb pores than those with chemically modified starches. Furthermore, a better overall appearance was observed for samples with OCS. Hence, triangle test was carried out between samples with OCS and samples made from fresh dough (control). The consumer panelists identified differences between samples because the GF cheese breads with OCS showed higher compaction and hardness, and they were less salty in taste than the control samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985733.v1
title: Comparisons of the active components in four unripe raspberry extracts and their activites

description: Abstract Dried unripe raspberry of Rubus chingii, were prepared as the following four extracts: unpurified raspberry extract (URE), purified raspberry extract (PRE), URE after high temperature-high pressure (UPE-H, HTHP), and PRE after HTHP (PRE-H). The total polyphenolic contents (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of the four extracts, as assessed by colorimetry, significantly increased in the following order: URE &lt; URE-H &lt; PRE &lt; PRE-H. The antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity were as follows: PRE-H &gt; PRE ≈ URE-H &gt; URE. Moreover, 11 typical polyphenols were quantified using a HPLC-MS analysis showed that HTHP treatments were conducive to releasing more (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B1 and ellagic acid, reaching ~70% ‒1,100%, but decreased the rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside levels by ~10% –20%. The purification of macroporous resin was beneficial to the enrichment of all polyphenols, by ~30%–300%. Ellagic acid was the main polyphenol found in the extracts, accounting for ~67%-74%. The study indicated that changes in the polyphenols of raspberry extracts after resin purification and/or HTHP treatment were correlated with the extract’s antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity. Further evaluations of the correlation between bioactive ingredients and treatments should reveal that HTHP and resin purification methods are effective means of preparing extracts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985736.v1
title: Calcium partition in Minas Padrão cheese and its bioaccessibility during ripening time

description: Abstract Nutritionally, cheese and other dairy products have been highlighted especially as a calcium source. Access to minerals is dependent on variables related to diet, lifestyle, and also the health status. This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility and calcium partition in Minas Padrão cheese over its ripening period for experimentally obtained samples. The cheese of the study has been manufactured using two different technologies (A and B). Also to evaluate the evolution of pH over cheese ripening and the influence of calcium partitions in its bioaccessibility along the cheese ripening period. The mean values found for total calcium content were (549 mg⋅100 g-1 – A and 644 mg⋅100 g-1 – B). For calcium in the aqueous phase on average 460 mg⋅100 g-1 – A and 404 mg⋅100 g-1 – B. These and other changes found are possibly due to physicochemical and biochemical changes, especially with respect to pH variations. Calcium bioaccessibility decreased in the beginning and then incresed in the end of the ripening period. The results obtained in this work hopefully may allow further studies and the development of products in which calcium bioaccessibility might be indicated on the product`s label accordingly to its ripening time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985718
title: Bioeconomics analyses of rice brain use for reaning of beef heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

description: ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the gross margin, the productive and reproductive performance of beef heifers kept exclusively on ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or ryegrass receiving 0.5 and 1.0% of body weight (BW) of whole rice bran as supplement. The grazing method was the rotational and the interval between grazings was set by the thermal sum required for the appearing of 1.5 ryegrass leaf (187.5ºC). The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures. Heifers average daily gain did not differ between the feeding systems. The stocking rate and weight gain per area were higher when heifers received 1.0% BW of whole rice bran. The higher gross margin was observed when heifers received 0.5% BW. The variable cost obtained for the different feeding systems showed increasing behavior depending on the WRB levels, surpassing the exclusive use of ryegrass in 49.4% and 81.8%. The final body weight, body condition score and reproductive tract score did not differ between the feeding systems. Considering an adult animal with an average body weight of 450kg, the heifers at the beginning of the experiment showed 34% of mature body weight and final average body weight of 56% of adult weight. The use of rice bran levels (FAZ) in the rearing of beef heifers under rotational grazing on ryegrass does not change the average daily gain and the reproductive tract score. The supply of 1% FAI showed substitutive effect, providing an increase in capacity of 31,2% and 38.3% rate of the gain per area. The food system AZ0,5 allowed a higher gross margin, as the economic return was positive in all food systems, with better return calculated for the exclusive use of ryegrass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985718.v1
title: Bioeconomics analyses of rice brain use for reaning of beef heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

description: ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the gross margin, the productive and reproductive performance of beef heifers kept exclusively on ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or ryegrass receiving 0.5 and 1.0% of body weight (BW) of whole rice bran as supplement. The grazing method was the rotational and the interval between grazings was set by the thermal sum required for the appearing of 1.5 ryegrass leaf (187.5ºC). The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures. Heifers average daily gain did not differ between the feeding systems. The stocking rate and weight gain per area were higher when heifers received 1.0% BW of whole rice bran. The higher gross margin was observed when heifers received 0.5% BW. The variable cost obtained for the different feeding systems showed increasing behavior depending on the WRB levels, surpassing the exclusive use of ryegrass in 49.4% and 81.8%. The final body weight, body condition score and reproductive tract score did not differ between the feeding systems. Considering an adult animal with an average body weight of 450kg, the heifers at the beginning of the experiment showed 34% of mature body weight and final average body weight of 56% of adult weight. The use of rice bran levels (FAZ) in the rearing of beef heifers under rotational grazing on ryegrass does not change the average daily gain and the reproductive tract score. The supply of 1% FAI showed substitutive effect, providing an increase in capacity of 31,2% and 38.3% rate of the gain per area. The food system AZ0,5 allowed a higher gross margin, as the economic return was positive in all food systems, with better return calculated for the exclusive use of ryegrass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985694
title: Evaluation of Self-Directed Learning Strategies in Students of a Medicine Course in Belém – Pará

description: ABSTRACT Introduction Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching and learning methodology that has been incorporated into the curricula of medical schools, which prioritize the student to the center of the discussion. The diagnosis and measurement of learning strategies has become a key aspect in the improvement of the teaching and learning process. Objective The study aims to identify students’ strategies in developing their self-directed learning, evaluating the application of useful tools in the context of their learning. Methods A descriptive and analytical observational cross-sectional study was carried out, applying 348 questionnaires to the students of a medical school, uniformly distributed from the 2nd to 9th semesters of the course. The Likert-scaled questionnaires were aimed at investigating the strategies used for individual study as well as student perception regarding learning. Statistical analysis was performed by different methods, according to the variables and categories observed and executed with the aid of BioStat 5.45 software. Results with p ≤ 0.05 (bilateral) were considered significant. Results The mean age was 22.7 years, with 57.3% being female. The majority showed a study habit higher than three times a week (72.2%), in fixed places, especially in the library (96.8%). Most of the students have electronic resources to access the internet. Most of the respondents (43.6%) use the video-lecture feature infrequently. 50% of the students find it easy to follow scheduled study hours and avoid situations that distract their attention. 50% of them studied all proposed learning objectives alone, and kept their focus. The use of the conceptual map is not frequent. However, most developed schemes during study. The majority of the students conducted searches for scientific articles in the English language only 50% of the time. Only 25% of the students «always» synthesize the study in summary form. At least 25% of the students used more than one textbook in their studies and ‘always’ accessed articles through scientific database platforms. Regarding the use of commercial e-books and non-self summaries, up to 75% of the students answered that this happens approximately 50% of the time. Regarding self-perception of knowledge retention, for 50% of the students the answers varied between this happens «about 50% of the time» and «very frequently”. Conclusion The medical students using PBL methodology, use appropriate resources for their study, planning and organizing their learning, however there have been failures in learning strategies. A habit of planning study is positively associated with the best learning strategies and the search for sources of better technical quality, resulting in a greater perception of student retention of knowledge. Therefore, it is suggested that self-learning guidelines be created to assist the student in his or her study performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985697
title: Storage of soybean seeds: Packaging and modified atmosphere technology

description: ABSTRACT The characteristics of materials used in packages for seed storage may have a negative influence in the deterioration process, causing future problems during the period of storage and in emergence in the field. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds, stored in different packages with and without the addition of CO2 (modified atmosphere), for different periods of storage and in uncontrolled environmental conditions. In order to carry out the experiment, a completely randomized design was used in a split-plot scheme, with three types of packages (permeable, hermetic package inside the permeable package and hermetic package inside the permeable package with CO2 injection) in the main plot and six storage periods (zero, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 days) in the subplot, with four repetitions, totaling 72 experimental units. In hermetic packages multi-layer paper was used with or without CO2 injection, stored them for 225 days and performed an assessment at regular intervals of 45 days. At each period, the seeds were submitted to tests for moisture content, germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity. The hermetic package, with and without CO2 injection, decreases the speed of deterioration of soybean seeds. The hermetic package allows a higher physiological quality of soybeans compared to the permeable package, with a storage period of up to 180 days under uncontrolled environmental conditions. The addition of CO2 inside the hermetic packages favors the maintenance of the physiological quality of soybean seeds in storage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985700
title: Uni- and multivariate methods applied to the study of the adaptability and stability of white oat

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare uni- and multivariate biometric methods to evaluate the adaptability and stability of an important group of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars grown in Southern Brazil. The used experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a factorial arrangement of 12 environments x 7 cultivars, with three replicates. The analysis of variance and the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of predicted genetic values (MHPRVG) were assessed. In the general comparison of the methods, the 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS Guapa' genotypes were more stable regarding grain yield. The 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS-21' genotypes stood out for hectoliter weight, presenting the best performances by the methods of Annicchiarico and the MHPRVG. For thousand-grain weight, all methods showed similar results, indicating that the 'UPFA Gaudéria' genotype presented the best results. The 'URS Guapa' genotype was superior when using the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the MHPRVG. The uni- and multivariate methods evaluated are suitable to estimate with high confidence the adaptability and stability of cultivars for each targeted grain production, yield, and quality.