cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18710/qeofpy/njfgf9
title: Flickr_PUDper10kmcell_winter.tif

description: Raster of tourism intensity in Arctic winter at 10km resolution
DOI: 10.18710/ssa38j/kmdton
title: :unav

description: :unav
DOI: 10.18710/ssa38j/qq6hkg
title: kagolicens.pdf

description: Data license.
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/bjtqfv
title: Pr_cont.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/cbyfjy
title: atm_P.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/jexncq
title: temp_cont.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/qxldde
title: sal_cont.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/satr3t
title: CAGE14-1_flares.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/t1g6vb
title: atm_P.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/tepj96
title: Lat.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/tka3ou
title: bottle_fired.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/viwrvn
title: sal_cont.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/vrrwde
title: methane.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/y7y6fe
title: CAGE16-4_flares.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vh95qc/abxze4
title: Dofil_regr_analyses.txt
DOI: 10.18710/yriq2v/flnafj
title: DataVerbSubst2019_4.txt

description: Database in txt format
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/6wsvbl
title: fields-05600.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/bjz624
title: fields-07400.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/dymbwl
title: fields-05800.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/pfw67f
title: fields-05000.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/vdgtck
title: fields-12400.dat
DOI: 10.18710/54zjgq/fltua5
title: DatabaseNumeralsRNC2018forCARTsmallWithExamples.txt

description: This is the database with examples in Cyrillic.
DOI: 10.18710/8jbwcj/1y8u0q
title: u_prof.mat
DOI: 10.18710/8jbwcj/dfnwei
title: u_prof.mat
DOI: 10.18710/8jbwcj/drbte3
title: wavespectrum.txt
DOI: 10.18710/8jbwcj/gto0rm
title: kc_delta_omega.m
DOI: 10.18710/8jbwcj/il9hku
title: wavenumber_spectrum.m
DOI: 10.18710/8jbwcj/l68lnk
title: PEDM.mat
DOI: 10.18710/brozeg
title: Replication Data for: Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro-arthropod communities

description: This dataset presents data for "Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro-arthropod communities". The set contains data on soil micro-arthropods from an environmental experiment at Mount Sanddalsnuten near Finse, southern Norway. The dataset allows for analyses on soil micro-arthropod abundance and community structure and their response to environmental treatments: warming by Open Top Chamber, nutrient addition (NPK fertiliser), both of these treatments combined, and controls (ambient temperature, no fertiliser). Soil micro-arthropods were sampled in two years (2004 and 2016) which allows for assessment of any legacy effects of the treatments which were ceased in 2007. Between 2007 and 2016, the plots were subjected to different grazing regimes. Collembola were grouped as epi-edaphic (living on top of the soil), hemi-edaphic (living amongst the soil surface), and eu-edaphic (living deep within the soil).
DOI: 10.18710/eifz2j/s8j46q
title: :unav

description: :unav
DOI: 10.18710/fzavcn/kxfm7l
title: UN_POC_Operations_UNPOCO_2019-01-25.xlsx

description: The UNPOCO dataset in its original excel format
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/qjmnej
title: st63preisach.008
DOI: 10.18710/hlyzib/vr2qor
title: Data_from_survey_portable_format.por

description: File 2
DOI: 10.18710/i6bd3r/dgnwjn
title: 04_grain_yields_2016.txt
DOI: 10.18710/i6bd3r/s56zz0
title: 03_grain_yields_2015.txt
DOI: 10.18710/rihoie/9qpbn1
title: 02_metacerc_brainsurface_area.txt
DOI: 10.18710/rihoie/cp4v8s
title: 04_Avr_metacerc_surface_area.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/guhxxd
title: CAGE15-3_flares.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/heyfzn
title: stnbr.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/lzy9vz
title: dens_bottle.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/ulnhun
title: wind_dir.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vh95qc/wpcpoa
title: T-test.pdf
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/3w2uba
title: fields-10000.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/k0pymy
title: fields-04400.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/qwt0rn
title: fields-01400.dat
DOI: 10.18710/5ms1jk/7kqih1
title: 07_Data_manufacturing_firm_optimized.txt

description: Data
DOI: 10.18710/89mlbp/fka72h
title: 04_Mammalian_insect_herbivory_bilberry.txt

description: The database in plain text format - see 00_ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.18710/brozeg/bhvqjv
title: 02_Acari
DOI: 10.18710/fzavcn
title: Replication Data for: Using force to protect civilians
title: A comparative analysis of United Nations military protection operations

description: &lt;p&gt;The dataset deposited here underpins a PhD thesis sucessfully defended by Stian Kjeksrud on June 6, 2019, at the University of Oslo, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This dataset consists of two data files, each in its original excel-file format as well as in a Unicode-text format:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;1. UN_POC_Operations_UNPOCO_2019-01-25&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This file (United Nations Protection of Civilians Operations (UNPOCO)) captures and codes the core empirical characteristics of 200 UN military operations to protect civilians from violence in African conflicts between 1999 and 2017.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2. UN_POC_Operations_UNPOCO_fsQCA_2019-01-25&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This file (UNPOCO fsQCA) builds directly on the UNPOCO dataset, but consists of a sub-set of 126 cases tailored to fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), and therefore includes a QCA-matrix and some additional information for each case.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Both data files are built by Stian Kjeksrud to support the analysis of variations in outcomes of operations and to explore success factors of UN military protection operations across time and UN missions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The data are captured from the United Nations Secretary-General’s openly available reporting to the United Nations Security Council.&lt;/p&gt;
description: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/reports-secretary-general
description: All sources are openly available online and are referenced in the data files
DOI: 10.18710/fzowbn/bosv61
title: M1.txt

description: Synthetic model M1
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/6tjdjc
title: st63preisach.039
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/73msye
title: g5n.pat
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/ir6j6d
title: st63preisach.073
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/p50b7b
title: st63preisach.001
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/shrhw8
title: st63preisach.094
DOI: 10.18710/og9ard/abq5fi
title: M1886_Elverhoy.txt
DOI: 10.18710/rihoie/2as5jc
title: 00_ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.18710/rihoie/arsj23
title: 03_Averaged_brain_surface_area.txt
DOI: 10.18710/ssa38j/xl14ft
title: :unav

description: :unav
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/1f3ntd
title: wind_dir.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/arzdlu
title: date.txt
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/j3fuke
title: fields-10200.dat
DOI: 10.18710/54zjgq
title: Replication Data for: A long birth: The development of gender-specific paucal constructions in Russian

description: The databases and scripts for statistical analysis included in this TROLLing post concern the so-called paucal construction in Russian where a numeral (dva ‘two’, tri ‘three’, chetyre ‘four’) is followed by an adjective and a noun. There are two versions of the database, one with examples in Cyrillic and one without. The version without examples can be used for statistical analysis, since some statistical software has problems with Cyrillic.
description: Article abstract: This article investigates the diachronic development of Russian numeral constructions consisting of a paucal numeral (dva ‘two’, tri ‘three’, chetyre ‘four’) followed by an adjective and a noun. Based on statistical analysis of more than 6,000 corpus examples, it is shown that a split took place in the second half of the twentieth century when feminine nouns developed a different agreement pattern from that of masculine and neuter nouns. This split is argued to represent the final step in a long “birth process” of gender-specific paucal constructions that started with the loss of the dual in the Middle Ages. It is suggested that we are witnessing a cascading effect, whereby the feminine pattern develops when the pattern for masculine and neuter nouns are approaching stabilization. The article furthermore includes a discussion of the hypothesis that “S-curves” represent a template for language change. While the documented changes resemble S-curves, the proposed analysis also addresses some general problems with testing the S-curve hypothesis empirically.
DOI: 10.18710/89mlbp/futwtn
title: 01_Mammalian_insect_herbivory_bilberry_R-script.R

description: The R script in R format - see 00_ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.18710/fzowbn/wy9ndx
title: 00_ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/1gq5dw
title: st63preisach.022
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/bvun8u
title: st63preisach.099
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/dlxk6s
title: st63preisach.058
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/j1iemb
title: st63preisach.051
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/mbstqd
title: st63preisach.033
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/mpbkvr
title: st63preisach.077
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/rajumb
title: st63preisach.002
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/tmqnsl
title: st63preisach.065
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/vrbcfo
title: Modeled_hysteresisloops.tab
DOI: 10.18710/gqtyyl/qg1sda
title: LSa_LC_short.tif
DOI: 10.18710/i6bd3r/ezicbm
title: 02_N2O_CH4_2015.txt
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/kstc8b
title: Ch7_ex021_130907-3_08-04.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/uxzzp2
title: Ch5_ex056d_KP_oob-oa.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/klqvok/d73wr4
title: JupyterNotebook_figuresS3_dipolemapping.ipynb

description: Jupyter Notebook with Python3 code for generating Figure S3 in the journal article's Supporting Information PDF file.
DOI: 10.18710/klqvok/e69ufz
title: DataSet_gto_lr.yaml

description: Python-readable file containing GTO polarizabilities computed with linear response.
DOI: 10.18710/loiwiu/2ghfwc
title: 20141130_HOP_REDOBS_glo.txt
DOI: 10.18710/loiwiu/estlgv
title: 20141130_NYA_REDOBS_gps.txt
DOI: 10.18710/loiwiu/k3jqdd
title: 20141130_BJN_REDTEC_glo.txt
DOI: 10.18710/loiwiu/yy6d96
title: 20141130_HOP_REDTEC_gps.txt
DOI: 10.18710/yriq2v/legirk
title: DataVerbSubst2019_4.tab

description: Database in xlsx format
DOI: 10.18710/zam96s/b7see5
title: Voda_vodoi_data_SG.txt

description: Database with nouns in the singular
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/cd1jie
title: fields-02600.dat
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/nhkvnh
title: Ch6_ex062_130825-6_13-28.wav
DOI: 10.18710/rihoie
title: Replication Data for: Regional distribution of a brain-encysting parasite provides insights on parasite-induced host behavioral manipulation

description: Data for the article Regional distribution of a brain-encysting parasite provides insights on parasite-induced host behavioral manipulation.
In this study, we designed a novel protocol to achieve controlled infection intensities (total number of metacercariae) in the laboratory comparable to those seen in nature and quantified brain-region specific parasite abundance.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9kra7t
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 100 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Agrilus mali"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 100 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0054476-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/2b3bdv
title: fields-04200.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/6elgnm
title: fields-01200.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/brkli4
title: fields-10600.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/fbkyw2
title: fields-00800.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/fuzner
title: fields-10800.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/hrvl2z
title: fields-07800.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/ilwtml
title: fields-11000.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/xipngg
title: fields-00200.dat
DOI: 10.18710/5iyskv/t5vz9q
title: KHI_caseC_St960s.txt
DOI: 10.18710/cvw8yu/0wr0x0
title: Subset2.1_Hell_Observation_Reports_with_GIS.txt
DOI: 10.18710/dqjs4a/sy8hbd
title: 01_ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.18710/eifz2j/woxvu3
title: Depth_list.tab
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/1jkfub
title: st63preisach.069
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/6swm4q
title: st63preisach.016
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/8hy29s
title: st63preisach.021
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/9ifcoe
title: st63preisach.062
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/aawvk5
title: st63preisach.092
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/ftyofs
title: st63preisach.013
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/hosj8a
title: st63preisach.085
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/lpavgb
title: st63preisach.023
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/q2yw79
title: st63preisach.005
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/rrqckw
title: st63preisach.064
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/scqgck
title: st63preisach.019
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/skottw
title: st63preisach.004
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/vxutcx
title: st63preisach.015
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/yuceb3
title: st63preisach.036
DOI: 10.18710/gsi6b4
title: Spanish deverbal adjectives (1): ivo

description: Attested adjectives in -ivo in contemporary Spanish, with information about their bases, their semantic interpretation and their morphological properties.
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/3k4z3g
title: Ch3_ex059a_knaaq-ee.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/4kbfkd
title: Ch6_ex208_130821-1_07-18.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/5itdss
title: Ch6_ex016_130902-1_04-32.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/hbsao3
title: Ch1_ex012_120715-4_00-43-00-45.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/irztqd
title: Ch3_ex074a_nqator.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/ooxezq
title: Ch7_ex062_130920-1_01-32.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/splidw
title: Ch3_ex037d_ia.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/tmcx6c
title: Ch3_page094d_uran.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/vfkpyl
title: Ch3_ex002a_anreruq.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/xapngd
title: Ch6_ex122_160326_15-08.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/jfnesu/acgamz
title: disapp_prob_V_70.txt
DOI: 10.18710/jfnesu/ep3yqg
title: disapp_prob_N_60.txt
DOI: 10.18710/jfnesu/fzojvc
title: disapp_prob_N_120.txt
DOI: 10.18710/jfnesu/guka5h
title: disapp_prob_V_130.txt
DOI: 10.18710/jfnesu/ippqbw
title: disapp_prob_V_110.txt
DOI: 10.18710/ojc4th/qqgprf
title: LOI_Modeling_Script.R

description: Script to develop the LOI predictive model based on lacustrine samples scanned by means of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy
DOI: 10.18710/qajwch/soewrq
title: 01_ReadMe.txt

description: Description of the dataset
DOI: 10.18710/qeofpy
title: Replication data for: Quantifying tourism booms and the increasing footprint in the Arctic with social media data

description: Arctic tourism has rapidly increased in the past two decades. We used social media data to examine localized tourism booms and quantify the spatial expansion of the Arctic tourism footprint. We extracted geotagged locations from over 800,000 photos on Flickr and mapped these across space and time. We critically examine the use of social media as a data source in data-poor regions, and find that while social media data is not suitable as an early warning system of tourism growth in less visited parts of the world, it can be used to map changes at large spatial scales. Our results show that the footprint of summer tourism quadrupled and winter tourism increased by over 600% between 2006 and 2016, although large areas of the Arctic remain untouched by tourism. This rapid increase in the tourism footprint raises concerns about the impacts and sustainability of tourism on Arctic ecosystems and communities. This boom is set to continue, as new parts of the Arctic are being opened to tourism by melting sea ice, new airports and continued promotion of the Arctic as a ‘last chance to see’ destination. Arctic societies face complex decisions about whether this ongoing growth is socially and environmentally sustainable.
description: https://www.flickr.com/services/api/
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/mhvbik
title: Lon.txt
DOI: 10.18710/vgqylq/wii2te
title: sal_bottle.txt
DOI: 10.18710/5iyskv/ldu1nx
title: KHI_caseB_St960s.txt
DOI: 10.18710/dniqas/4jaqxg
title: Survey data.pdf
DOI: 10.18710/klqvok/mc3zao
title: JupyterNotebook_figure2_gtofd_vs_mwfd.ipynb

description: Jupyter Notebook with Python3 code for generating Figure 2 in the journal article.
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/azhwzf
title: fields-03800.dat
DOI: 10.18710/4yhu4r/r2jzf8
title: fields-09800.dat
DOI: 10.18710/fzowbn/jtjmvz
title: REM_scan_data.tab

description: REM_scan data
DOI: 10.18710/ghhunu/pd2zrj
title: 00_ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.18710/gqtyyl/5gegru
title: LSa_LC_symbol.tif
DOI: 10.18710/gqtyyl/of1opf
title: 01Preview.png
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/8jvidl
title: Ch7_ex083_130825-8_01-34-01-38.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/8q3xf8
title: Ch7_ex122_130825-02-57-03-01.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/de61dp
title: Ch4_page196a_NB_nanaano.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/gnuqeu
title: Ch5_ex046_130825-7_00-11.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/gotfta
title: Ch4_Table4-14x_NB_nmoofu.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/hr2akd
title: Ch7_ex127_130914-1_00-20-00-21.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/hx8s0e
title: Ch3_ex074d_nqonen.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/ip6aoe
title: Ch6_ex165_130906-1_05-19.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/jrhhma
title: Ch3_ex053c_nautus.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/kf4cao
title: Ch3_ex007a_sekau.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/lghcyu
title: Ch6_ex207_130825-7_03-10.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/ndcysh
title: Ch6_ex202_130825-6_18-34.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/qhe0py
title: Ch3_ex084b_aijonuus.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/r4w6wc
title: Ch3_ex105_130823-9_00-25.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/rewste
title: Ch3_ex062_130920-1_01-13.mp3
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/twl7yb
title: Ch6_ex149_130920-1_04-53.wav
DOI: 10.18710/iorwf6/txmokc
title: Ch5_ex056b_KP_hiit_teej-ia.wav
DOI: 10.18710/klqvok/bngi0h
title: JupyterNotebook_figure5_gtolr_vs_mwfd.ipynb

description: Jupyter Notebook with Python3 code for generating Figure 5 in the journal article.
DOI: 10.18710/lamnkw
title: Replication data for: "Five statistical models for Likert-type experimental data on acceptability judgments"

description: We provide supplementary materials for a paper that contributes to the ongoing debate over Likert scale experiments, in particular the issues of how to treat acceptability judgment data (as ordinal or interval) and what statistical model is appropriate to apply. We analyze experimental data on native speakers’ intuitions regarding marginal change-of-state verbs in Russian (e.g. ukonkretit’ ‘concretize’, ovnešnit’ ‘externalize’) and compare the outcomes of five statistical models including parametric and non-parametric tests.
DOI: 10.18710/ohpupu
title: Why Russian Prefixes Aren’t Empty

description: Publication abstract: We claim that Russian verbal prefixes always express meaning, even when they are used to form the perfective partners of aspectual pairs. The prefixes in verbs like написать/na-pisat’ ‘write’ and сварить/s-varit’ ‘cook’ have a semantic purpose, even though the corresponding imperfective verbs писать/pisat’ ‘write’ and варить/varit’ ‘cook’ have the same lexical meanings. We set forward a new hypothesis, namely that the Russian verbal prefixes function as verb classifiers, parallel to numeral classifiers. This book is designed to be theory-neutral and attractive to both linguists and non-linguists. Our studies make use of quantitative research on corpus data and statistical models (chi-square, logistic regression, etc.), which are presented in a common-sense way that assumes no special expertise. A user-friendly interactive webpage at http://emptyprefixes.uit.no/book.htm houses links to our database, plus additional data from the studies we cite. This book narrates recent breakthroughs in research on Russian aspect and demonstrates a range of methodologies designed to probe the relationship between the meaning and distribution of linguistic forms. These methodologies are used to investigate the “empty” prefixes, alternating constructions, prefix variation, and aspectual triplets. Though these phenomena have long been known to exist, their extent and behavior have not been previously explored in detail. We propose that the verbal prefixes select verbs according to broad semantic traits, categorizing them the way numeral classifiers categorize nouns. The purpose of the prefixes is to convert amorphous states and activities into discrete events and to group verbs according to the types of events they express. In other words, Russian prefixes are in effect a verb classifier system similar to those proposed for Mandarin Chinese, Hindi-Urdu, and a number
of Australian languages, and this hypothesis facilitates cross-linguistic comparisons. The description of Russian prefixes as a verb classifier system furthermore has pedagogical value since we can redesign our curricula to teach students the system according to its meaningful groupings rather than simply requiring them to memorize hundreds of combinations of prefixes with simplex verbs. In short, the proposal to recognize Russian prefixes as verb classifiers supports the community of people interested in Russian grammar to be better linguists, better instructors, and better learners.
description: The datasets and other files in this study present the data and R code for the analyses of semantic profiles of prefixes in Chapter 3, constructional profiles for the verb gruzit’ ‘load’ and its prefixed perfectives in Chapter 4, verbs that use multiple prefixes to form multiple Natural Perfectives in Chapter 5, and aspectual triplets in Chapter 6.
DOI: 10.18710/qeofpy/gy5kkm
title: Flickr_PUDper10kmcell_summer.tif

description: Raster of tourism intensity in Arctic summer at 10km resolution
DOI: 10.18710/1j0yzg
title: Solving Russian velars: Palatalization, the lexicon and gradient contrast utilization

description: This dataset consists of (1) an excel file with type and token counts of all paired consonants word-finally and before non-front vowels, their probabilities, and the entropies of the pairs in each context; (2) the same entropies in separate files for word-final and before non-front vowels; and (3) R code to generate plots and perform statistical analysis. Article abstract: Palatalized velars in Russian are often considered exceptional because they are neither fully predictable, nor clearly unpredictable. They are an example of a common phonological relationship in which sounds have the potential to distinguish words but are only utilized in limited contexts and/or lexical items. These 'intermediate phonological relationships' (Goldsmith 1995) are problematic for traditional phonological theories which make a binary distinction between predictable sounds (allophones; dealt with in the grammar) and unpredictable sounds (phonemes; dealt with in the lexicon). To deal with intermediate phonological relationships in a principled way we must reconsider assumptions about the type and amount of information stored in the lexicon. In this paper I show that in Russian, both palatalized and non-palatalized velars occur in a variety of contexts, evidence that they have the potential to distinguish words. I also show, using information-theoretic metrics, that the potential is utilized to a minimal degree across both lexical items and phonetic contexts. However, and importantly, I show that many other consonants likewise do not fully utilize the (same) palatalization contrast across contexts. This suggests that velars are not an 'exception'; instead, they represent a relationship which lies at one end of a continuum along which the palatalization contrast is utilized. I argue that it is not velars, or intermediate phonological relationship
s more generally, that are at problematic. Rather, it is our assumptions about the type and amount of information speakers store that is at issue. I argue that memory-rich models of the lexicon, which assume a great deal of storage of phonetic, contextual and distributional information, better account for velars in Russian. Moreover, the type of relationship that velars represent is a natural and expected outcome in such models. Thus, Russian velars provide important evidence that pushes us to reconsider some of the basic assumptions of our phonological models and phonological relationships more generally, and the problem that has long vexed Slavists can be solved within a memory-rich model of the lexicon.
DOI: 10.18710/89mlbp/kt1w88
title: 02_Mammalian_insect_herbivory_bilberry_R-script.txt

description: The R script in plain text format - see 00_ReadMe.txt