DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cjsxksn95
title: Data: Female-limited responses in remating rate and mating duration in the experimental evolution of a beetle Callosobruchus chinensis

description: Mating rate optima often differ between the sexes: males may increase
 their fitness by multiple mating, but for females, multiple mating confers
 little benefit and can often be costly (especially in taxa without nuptial
 gifts or mala parental care). Sexually antagonistic evolution is thus
 expected in traits related to mating rates under sexual selection. This
 prediction has been tested by multiple studies that applied the
 experimental evolution technique, which is a powerful tool to directly
 examine the evolutionary consequences of selection. Yet, the results so
 far only partly support the prediction. Here we provide another example of
 experimental evolution of sexual selection, by applying it for the first
 time to the mating behavior of a seed beetle Callsorobruchus
 chinensis. We found a lower remating rate in polygamy-line females than in
 monogamy-line (i.e. no sexual selection) females after 21 generations of
 selection. Polygamy-line females also showed a longer duration of first
 mating than monogamy-line females. We found no effect of male evolutionary
 lines on the remating rate or first mating duration. Though not consistent
 with the original prediction, the current and previous studies
 collectively suggest that the observed female-limited responses may be a
 norm, which is also consistent with the conceptual advances in the last
 two decades of the advantages and limitations of the experimental
 evolution technique.
description: After the experimental evolution of sexual selection (forced
 monogamy vs. polygamy), remating rates are examined on a seed beetle,
 <em>Callosobruchus chinensis</em>. In addition, the mating
 duration of the first mating was observed for the evolutionary line
 beetles.
description: # The data underlying "Female-limited responses in remating rate and
 mating duration in the experimental evolution of a beetle *Callosobruchus
 chinensis*" *** This dataset is of mating behaviours of a seed
 beetle, *Callosobruchus chinensis*. The experimental evolution of sexual
 selection (three lines of forced monogamy vs. three lines of polygamy) was
 performed for 21 generations (with some intervening generations with the
 middle-class-neighbourhood design; see Kyogoku & Sota 2020 J Evol
 Biol 34, 501-511, DOI:10.1111/jeb.13753 for details). After common garden
 rearing, the beetles were subjected to mating trials. There are four CSV
 files. ## Description of the Data and file structure 1. first.mating.csv
 Virgin females from the evolutionary lines were allowed to mate with a
 male (first mating). Column annotations are: fir.mating.date; Date (in
 2016) fem.trtmt; Female's evolutionary line treatment (monogamy vs.
 polygamy) fem.line; Female's evolutionary line (1-3: monogamy, 3-6:
 polygamy) male.trtmt; Male's evolutionary line treatment (monogamy
 vs. polygamy) male.line; Male's evolutionary line (1-3: monogamy,
 3-6: polygamy) hour; Observation time in a day (hour) min; Observation
 time in a day (minute) temp; Room temperature during the observation (C)
 mating; Occurrence of mating (1: mated, 0: not mated) 2. second.mating.csv
 Three days after the first mating, the females were given the opportunity
 of second mating (second mating). Column annotations are: fir.mating.date;
 Date of first mating (in 2016) sec.mating.date; Date of second mating (in
 2016) fem.trtmt; Female's evolutionary line treatment (monogamy vs.
 polygamy) fem.line; Female's evolutionary line (1-3: monogamy, 3-6:
 polygamy) fir.male.trtmt; First-male's evolutionary line treatment
 (monogamy vs. polygamy) fir.male.line; First-male's evolutionary line
 (1-3: monogamy, 3-6: polygamy) hour; Observation time in a day (hour) min;
 Observation time in a day (minute) temp; Room temperature during the
 observation (C) remating; Occurrence of mating (1: mated, 0: not mated) 3.
 fem.surv.csv Survival from the first to the second mating of the females.
 Column annotations are: fir.mating.date; Date of first mating (in 2016)
 fem.trtmt; Female's evolutionary line treatment (monogamy vs.
 polygamy) fem.line; Female's evolutionary line (1-3: monogamy, 3-6:
 polygamy) male.trtmt; First-male's evolutionary line treatment
 (monogamy vs. polygamy) male.line; First-male's evolutionary line
 (1-3: monogamy, 3-6: polygamy) n; The number of once-mated females surv;
 The number of females that survived until second mating trial 4.
 first.mating.duration A follow-up experiment, where the duration of first
 mating was observed for the evolutionary line beetles. Column annotations
 are: male; Male's evolutionary line female; Female's
 evolutionary line time; Duration of mating (in sec)