DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2p8
title: Evolution of odorant receptor repertoires across Hymenoptera is not linked to the evolution of eusociality

description: Communication is essential for social organisms. In eusocial insects,
 olfaction facilitates communication and recognition between nestmates. The
 study of certain model organisms has led to the hypothesis that odorant
 receptors are expanded in eusocial Hymenoptera. This has become a widely
 mentioned idea in the literature, albeit with conflicting reports, and has
 not been tested with a broad comparative analysis. Here we combined
 existing genomic and new neuroanatomical data, including from a ~100
 million-year-old fossil ant, across a phylogenetically broad sample of
 hymenopteran lineages. We find no evidence that variation in the size and
 evolutionary tempo of odorant receptor repertoires is related to
 eusociality. Post-hoc exploration of our data hinted at the loss of flight
 as a possible factor shaping some of the variation in OR repertoires in
 Hymenoptera. Nevertheless, our analyses revealed a complex pattern of
 evolutionary variation and raised new questions about the ecological,
 behavioral, and social factors that shape olfactory abilities.
description: # Evolution of odorant receptor repertoires across Hymenoptera is not
 linked to the evolution of eusociality
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2p8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2p8) ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset includes collated published genomic and transcriptomic data on total and 9-exon OR gene repertoires and new data on the number of glomeruli in the antennal lobes of several Hymenopteran insects. ### Files and variables #### File: Code\_Data\_SI\_ProcB.zip **Description:** Zipped folder containing all supplementary data, codes, and scans necessary to reproduce the results reported in this paper. #### File: **OREvo\_RScript** **Description:** R script for reproducing all the analyses in this paper #### File: ALGlomeruliandORGenesCompiled.xlsb **Description:** CSV file used to read all the needed data into R * Columns named "9e_final" and "total_final" are the main response variables containing the numbers of 9-exon/glomeruli and total OR/glomeruli counts respectively. * Columns "Tb/T3b/T6.count" and "total.glomeruli" contain data on the number of glomeruli in the antennal lobes. * Columns "9-exon.count.C" and "total.OR.C" are the respective counts of 9-exon and total OR genes excluding the number of pseudogenes reported. * Columns "9-exon.countP" and "total.ORP" are the respective counts of 9-exon and total OR genes including the number of pseudogenes reported. * Columns "LongRead9e" and "LongReadtotal" are the respective counts of 9-exon and total OR genes from long-read genomes. * Columns "sociality" and "wing" are categorical variables coding eusocial v/s solitary and winged v/s wingless states respectively. * Cells in the spreadsheet where the data was not available were left empty. #### File: **AL glomeruli and OR genes\_SuppInfo** **Description:** All raw data with references and other associated information * Similar column names as "ALGlomeruliandORGenesCompiled.xlsb.csv" are the same variables. * Columns "9e_longread" and "total_longread" are the respective counts of 9-exon and total OR genes from long-read genomes. * Columns "9-exon.count" and "total.OR" are the respective counts of 9-exon and total OR genes excluding the number of pseudogenes reported. Number in parentheses is the count including the number of reported pseudogenes. * Column "References" contains the citations for data sources where applicable. * Column "Sequencing platform/Morphology" contains information on the method used to obtain gene/glomeruli counts. * Column "Genome reference" contains the reference for the studies where the original genomes were published. * Column "Remarks" contains some remarks on the references or the data provided. * Cells in the spreadsheet where the data was not available were left empty. #### File: **RevScript\_TOR\_RJSDBM\_Sociality** **Description:** Script for running the MuSSCRat analysis in RevBayes for testing the effect of sociality on Total OR repertoires #### File: **RevScript\_TOR\_SDBM\_Wing** **Description:** Script for running the MuSSCRat analysis in RevBayes for testing the effect of winglessness on Total OR repertoires #### File: **RevScript\_nineex\_RJSDBM\_Sociality** **Description:** Script for running the MuSSCRat analysis in RevBayes for testing the effect of sociality on 9-exon OR repertoires #### File: **RevScript\_nineex\_RJSDBM\_wing** **Description:** Script for running the MuSSCRat analysis in RevBayes for testing the effect of winglessness on 9-exon OR repertoires #### File: **RevScript\_RAL\_RJSDBM\_Sociality** **Description:** Script for running the MuSSCRat analysis in RevBayes for testing the effect of sociality on non-9-exon OR repertoires #### File: **RevScript\_RAL\_RJSDBM\_wing** **Description:** Script for running the MuSSCRat analysis in RevBayes for testing the effect of winglessness on non-9-exon OR repertoires #### File: noattinesfos **Description:** Tree constructed in OREvo_RScript and used for all analyses therein and in RevBayes #### File: Scans\_segmentations\_cropped **Description:** Scans of the antennal lobes and associated glomeruli segmentations for different taxa ## Code/software R version 4.3.2 (2023-10-31 ucrt) RevBayes v 1.2.4 Amira 2019