cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d783p98
title: Data from: Reproduction triggers adaptive increases in body size in female mole-rats

description: In social mole-rats, breeding females are larger and more elongated than
 nonbreeding female helpers. The status-related morphological divergence is
 thought to arise from modifications of skeletal growth following the death
 or removal of the previous breeder and the transition of their successors
 from a nonbreeding to a breeding role. However, it is not clear what
 changes in growth are involved, whether they are stimulated by the
 relaxation of reproductive suppression or by changes in breeding status,
 or whether they are associated with fecundity increases. Here, we show
 that, in captive Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) where breeding
 was experimentally controlled in age-matched siblings, individuals changed
 in size and shape through a lengthening of the lumbar vertebrae when they
 began breeding. This skeletal remodelling results from changes in breeding
 status since i) females removed from a group setting and placed solitarily
 showed no increases in growth, and ii) females dispersing from natural
 groups that have not yet bred do not differ in size and shape from helpers
 in established groups. Growth patterns consequently resemble other social
 vertebrates where contrasts in size and shape follow acquisition of the
 breeding role. Our results also suggest that the increases in female body
 size provide fecundity benefits. Similar forms of socially responsive
 growth might be more prevalent in vertebrates than is currently
 recognised, but the extent to which this is the case, and the implications
 for the structuring of mammalian dominance hierarchies, is as yet poorly
 understood.
description: DataforThorley_DMRMorphologyMorphology data for female Damaraland mole-rats derived from X-rays taken in captive and wild mole-rats. Data contains a cross-sectional dataset in captivity, a cross-sectional dataset in the wild, and a longitudinal dataset in captivity (collected as part of an experiment).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dd7h4
title: Data from: QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube for contact screening in BCG-vaccinated adults: a longitudinal cohort study

description: Objective. To assess the utility of QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT)
 for targeting preventive therapy in BCG-vaccinated contacts of
 tuberculosis (TB), based on its high specificity and negative predictive
 value for development of TB. Methods. We compared two screening strategies
 for TB contact tracing in two consecutive periods: the tuberculin skin
 test (TST) period, when all contacts were screened with the TST alone; and
 the QFT-GIT period, when BCG-vaccinated contacts underwent TST and
 QFT-GIT. Diagnosis of TB infection among BCG-vaccinated contacts relied on
 TST ≥5 mm in the TST period, while in the QFT-GIT period either a positive
 QFT-GIT or a TST ≥15 mm was required. Measurements and main results. Six
 hundred and sixty-one contacts were compared. In the QFT-GIT period there
 was a reduction in diagnoses of TB infection (77.4% vs. 51.2%; p
 &lt;0.01) and preventive therapy prescribed (62.1% vs. 48.2%; p =
 0.02) among the 290 BCG-vaccinated contacts. After a median follow-up of 5
 years, cumulative incidences of TB were 0.62 and 0.29 in the TST and
 QFT-GIT periods respectively (p = 0.59). Conclusions. In BCG-vaccinated TB
 contacts, the addition of QFT-GIT safely reduced TB diagnosis and
 treatment rates without increasing the risk of subsequent active TB.
description: LTBi diagnosis,
 treatment and follow-up of TB contactsAll the variables
 included in the analysis can be found in this database. Variable labels
 include their description
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fm71f
title: Data from: Skeletal adaptations and phylogeny of the oldest mole Eotalpa (Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia) from the UK Eocene: the beginning of fossoriality in moles

description: The oldest talpid, Eotalpa, was previously known only from isolated cheek
 teeth from the European late Middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene.
 Screenwashing of Late Eocene sediments of the Hampshire Basin, UK, has
 yielded cranial and postcranial elements: maxilla, dentary, ulna,
 metacarpals, distal tibia, astragalus, calcaneum, metatarsals and
 phalanges. In addition to M1–2 myotodonty, typical talpid features are as
 follows: ulna with long medially curved olecranon and deep abductor fossa
 and astragalar body with lateral process. However, Eotalpa retains certain
 soricid-like primitive states (M1 preparacrista, P4 with prominent
 mesiolingual protocone lobe, strongly angled astragalar neck and calcaneum
 with no space for a cuboid medial process) not found in modern talpids.
 Eotalpa is more derived than the most primitive living talpid Uropsilus in
 having lost the M1–2 talon shelf, developed a convex radial facet on the
 ulna, an incipient proximal olecranon crest, relatively shorter
 metapodials and depressed manual unguals. Its astragalus with medial
 trochlear ridge taller than the lateral one and massive medial plantar
 process is typical of the Lipotyphla. Eotalpa lacks synostosis of tibia
 and fibula, found in other Talpidae, Soricidae and Erinaceidae, suggesting
 that synostosis in these groups has been independently acquired. Cladistic
 analysis places Eotalpa as stem member of the Talpidae and shows that much
 homoplasy arose during the early evolution of the family. Ground dwelling
 in Eotalpa is indicated by the following: astragalus with a medially
 dipping head, curved in a single plane; calcaneum with distal peroneal
 process and strongly overlapping ectal and sustentacular facets; and
 matching sized ectal and sustentacular facets on calcaneum and astragalus.
 These features would have restricted ankle mobility. Ungual and metatarsal
 shape and ulnar structure suggest a primitive stage in fossorial evolution
 and argue against a semiaquatic precursor stage in talpid fossoriality.
 Shrew-moles may represent a reversal to surface foraging rather than an
 intermediate stage in fossoriality.
description: SupportingInformationAppendix S1. Description of numbered characters used in the cladistic analysis. Appendix S2. Character-taxon matrix used in the cladistic analysis. Appendix S3. Character states at numbered nodes in the cladogram.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2pn59
title: Data from: Effect of pyric herbivory on source-sink dynamics in grassland birds

description: Grasslands world-wide provide a host of ecosystem services. In particular,
 these grasslands serve as biodiversity repositories for a myriad of
 imperilled animal species. One such group is grassland birds, which have
 experienced significant declines, predominantly caused by extensive loss
 and degradation of native grasslands. Rangeland management that promotes
 increasing and sustaining livestock production through reducing the
 inherent, disturbance-driven variability that historically occurred in
 grasslands is considered a major contributing factor to these declines. An
 alternative approach to this homogeneous management paradigm attempts to
 restore a shifting mosaic of disturbance patches across the landscape
 through the spatial and temporal interactions of fire and grazing (i.e.
 pyric herbivory). Application of pyric herbivory through patch-burn
 grazing increases overall habitat heterogeneity, likely a critically
 important factor in maintaining and enhancing grassland bird populations.
 We compared reproductive rates and estimates of fecundity of three
 grassland birds nesting in grasslands maintained by traditional and
 patch-burn grazing management paradigms in the Southern Great Plains of
 North America. Additionally, we used a sensitivity analysis approach to
 assess population stability (i.e. λ = 1) and source–sink population
 dynamics under the two management practices. Nest survival for dickcissels
 Spiza americana and grasshopper sparrows Ammodramus savannarum was higher
 in patch-burned grasslands than in traditionally managed grasslands, while
 nest survival for eastern meadowlarks Sturnella magna was higher in
 traditionally managed grasslands than in patch-burned grasslands.
 Dickcissels and grasshopper sparrows responded positively to patch burning
 with source habitats occurring over a wider range of survival rates under
 patch burning than traditional management, while no clear pattern emerged
 in source–sink dynamics of eastern meadowlarks. Synthesis and
 applications. Management strategies such as patch-burn grazing offer
 opportunities to restore landscape heterogeneity to benefit bird
 communities while maintaining livestock production goals. Applying
 patch-burn grazing to rangelands can increase productivity of grassland
 birds and could be effective for reversing the decline of grassland birds
 by providing source habitats more consistently than traditional rangeland
 management. Our results emphasize the utility of using sensitivity
 analyses to determine source–sink population dynamics when evaluating
 management practices. However, land managers should consider that
 source–sink models have shortcomings and designation of a habitat as a
 sink does not necessarily mean the habitat has low conservation value.
description: Nesting Data Used for
 Calculating Nest SurvivalThe data file contains
 nest initiation dates, treatment codes, nest outcome, nest age, nest
 description for dickcissels, grasshopper sparrows, and eastern
 meadowlarks.NewNestData.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t383q
title: Data from: Short-term and medium-term survival of critically ill patients with solid tumours admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis

description: Objectives: Patients with cancer frequently require unplanned admission to
 the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Our objectives were to assess hospital and
 180-day mortality in patients with a non-haematological malignancy and
 unplanned ICU admission, and to identify which factors present on
 admission were the best predictors of mortality. Design: Retrospective
 review of all patients with a diagnosis of solid tumours following
 unplanned admission to the ICU between 1st August 2008 and 31st July 2012.
 Setting: Single centre tertiary care hospital in London (UK) Participants:
 300 adult patients with non-haematological solid tumours requiring
 unplanned admission to the ICU. Interventions: None Primary and secondary
 outcomes: Hospital and 180-day survival Results: 300 patients were
 admitted to the ICU (median age 66.5 years; 61.7% male). Survival to
 hospital discharge and 180-days were 69% and 47.8%, respectively. Greater
 number of failed organ systems on admission was associated with
 significantly worse hospital survival (p&lt;0.001) but not with
 180-day survival (p=0.24). In multivariate analysis, predictors of
 hospital mortality were the presence of metastases [odds ratio (OR 1.97),
 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-3.59], Acute Physiology and Chronic
 Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13) and a
 Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;7 on admission to ICU (OR 5.21, 95% CI
 1.65-16.43). Predictors of worse 180-day survival were the presence of
 metastases (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.57-5.06), APACHE II score (OR 1.07, 95% CI
 1.01-1.13) and sepsis (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.09-3.38). Conclusions: Short and
 medium-term survival in patients with solid tumours admitted to ICU is
 better than previously reported, suggesting that the presence of cancer
 alone should not be a barrier to ICU admission.
description: Cancer data (BMJ
 open)Characteristics of
 cancer patients with unplanned admission to ICU
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b73f3
title: Data from: Natal dispersal, mating patterns, and inbreeding in the ant Formica exsecta

description: Sex-biased dispersal and multiple mating may prevent or alleviate
 inbreeding and its outcome, inbreeding depression, but studies
 demonstrating this in the wild are scarce. Perennial ant colonies offer a
 unique system to investigate the relationships between natal dispersal
 behaviour and inbreeding. Due to the sedentary life of ant colonies and
 life-time sperm storage by queens, measures of dispersal distance and
 mating strategy are easier to obtain than in most taxa. We used a suite of
 molecular markers to infer the natal colonies of queens and males in a
 wild population of the ant Formica exsecta. Dispersal was male-biased,
 with median male dispersal distances (ca. 140m) twice those of queens (ca.
 60m). The results show the population to be inbred, and that inbreeding
 avoidance behaviours - sex-biased dispersal, queen dispersal distance and
 multiple mating - were all ineffective in reducing homozygosity among
 colony workers. Queen homozygosity did not affect dispersal behaviour, but
 more homozygous queens had lower colony founding success and were more
 incestuously mated themselves, with potentially accumulating effects on
 colony fitness. We also provide independent evidence that dispersal is
 sex-biased, and show that our estimate corresponds well to dispersal
 estimates derived from population genetic estimates.
description: Dispersal and inbreeding
 in Formica exsectaData on natal dispersal
 and queen and colony level inbreeding of ant queens caught after mating
 flight and of established colonies of ant Formica exsecta. Please refer to
 the excel file for description of the variables in the data
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c4k68
title: Data from: Range expansion and retraction along a moving contact zone has no effect on the genetic diversity of two passerine birds

description: Disentangling the factors shaping species distributions remains a central
 goal in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. The extrinsic
 pressures that may facilitate range shifts, such as climatic factors or
 biotic interactions are well known. However, in contrast, the possible
 intrinsic factors are manifold and hard to generalize across taxa.
 Recently, several theoretical studies have investigated the consequences
 of moving range borders on genetic diversity. However, empirical studies
 that support or refute these theoretical predictions are scarce. Moving
 contact zones between parapatric sister species are suitable models to
 test these hypotheses. Changes in genetic diversity can be tested
 simultaneously along the expanding and receding edges of two species of
 the contact zone while accounting for intra-specific effects (e.g.
 introgression). The two Old World warblers Hippolais polyglotta and H.
 icterina form a narrow moving contact zone, where interspecific
 interactions are suspected to be the main factor shaping this zone. We
 investigated the population genetic structure of both species along a
 transect ranging from the core range of the expanding H. polyglotta across
 the contact zone and far into the range of the receding H. icterina. The
 theoretical predictions of changes in genetic diversity at the range edges
 were tested. No gradual change in genetic diversity was detected for both
 the expanding and the receding range margin. Furthermore, no genetic
 structure was found in either species supporting the hypothesis that long
 distance dispersal (LDD) occurs frequently due to the high mobility of
 these long-distance migrants. The results suggest that when dispersal
 propensity is high and accompanied by frequent LDD events, then neither an
 enrichment nor a depletion of alleles along moving range edges would be
 detected. Hence, our empirical results stand in contrast to theoretical
 predictions. Thissuggests that these very mobile species are able to
 retain genetic diversity during range shifts.
description: Hippolais
 genotypesThis file holds the
 genotypes and spatial locations of both Hippolais warblers in a format to
 read in by the converter program Transformer 4
 http://www.demiurge-project.org/transformer4Dryad_Hippolais_Genotypes_T4.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.89r82
title: Data from: Transgenerational effects alter plant defense and resistance in nature

description: Trichomes, or leaf hairs, are epidermal extensions that take a variety of
 forms and perform many functions in plants, including herbivore defense.
 In this study, I document genetically determined variation,
 within-generation plasticity, and a direct role of trichomes in herbivore
 defense for (Mimulus guttatus). After establishing the relationship
 between trichomes and herbivory, I test for transgenerational effects of
 wounding on trichome density and herbivore resistance. Patterns of
 inter-annual variation in herbivore density and the high cost of plant
 defense makes plant-herbivore interactions a system in which
 transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) is apt to evolve. Here, I
 demonstrate that parental damage alters offspring trichome density and
 herbivore resistance in nature. Moreover, this response varies between
 populations. This is among the first studies to demonstrate that TPP
 contributes to variation in nature, and also suggests that selection can
 modify TPP in response to local conditions.
description: JC_JEB_Trichome_HerbivoryThree sheets containing trichome and herbivory data from field studies, tests of within generation plasticity, and transgenerational effects respectively.JC_JEB_Raw.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.20ck4
title: Data from: Limited gene dispersal and spatial genetic structure as stabilizing factors in an ant-plant mutualism

description: Comparative studies of the population genetics of closely associated
 species are necessary to properly understand the evolution of these
 relationships because gene flow between populations affects the
 partners' evolutionary potential at the local scale. As a consequence
 (at least for antagonistic interactions), asymmetries in the strength of
 the genetic structures of the partner populations can result in one
 partner having a co-evolutionary advantage. Here, we assess the population
 genetic structure of partners engaged in a species-specific and obligatory
 mutualism: the Neotropical ant-plant, Hirtella physophora, and its ant
 associate, Allomerus decemarticulatus. Although the ant cannot complete
 its life cycle elsewhere than on H. physophora and the plant cannot live
 for long without the protection provided by A. decemarticulatus, these
 species also have antagonistic interactions: the ants have been shown to
 benefit from castrating their host plant and the plant is able to
 retaliate against too virulent ant colonies. We found similar short
 dispersal distances for both partners, resulting in the local transmission
 of the association and, thus, inbred populations in which too virulent
 castrating ants face the risk of local extinction due to the absence of H.
 physophora offspring. On the other hand, we show that the plant
 populations probably experienced greater gene flow than did the ant
 populations, thus enhancing the evolutionary potential of the plants. We
 conclude that such levels of spatial structure in the partners'
 populations can increase the stability of the mutualistic relationship.
 Indeed, the local transmission of the association enables partial
 alignments of the partners' interests, and population connectivity
 allows the plant retaliation mechanisms to be locally adapted to the
 castration behaviour of their symbionts.
description: Microsatellite
 dataThis MSExcel file
 contains the microsatellite data used to run the clustering
 analyses.microsat.xlsx
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31153216
title: Data and syntax for Attitudes towards punishment: The Penas-SP scale

description: Data set and syntax for Attitudes towards punishment: Adaptation of the Penas-SP scale to Spanish
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31153216.v1
title: Data and syntax for Attitudes towards punishment: The Penas-SP scale

description: Data set and syntax for Attitudes towards punishment: Adaptation of the Penas-SP scale to Spanish
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hyhxrk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 74 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((105 20,170 20,170 70,105 70,105 20))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Alchemilla japonica"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 74 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000883-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dn0m4
title: Data from: Testing hypotheses for genealogical discordance in a rainforest lizard

description: Genealogical discordance, or when different genes tell distinct stories
 although they evolved under a shared history, often emerges from either
 coalescent stochasticity or introgression. In this study, we present a
 strong case of mito-nuclear genealogical discordance in the Australian
 rainforest lizard species complex of Saproscincus basiliscus and S.
 lewisi. One of the lineages that comprises this complex, the Southern S.
 basiliscus lineage, is deeply divergent at the mito- chondrial genome but
 shows markedly less divergence at the nuclear genome. By placing our
 results in a comparative context and reconstructing the lineages’
 demography via multi-locus and coalescent-based Approximate Bayesian
 Computation (ABC) methods, we test hypotheses for how coalescent variance
 and introgression contribute to this pattern. These analyses suggest that
 the observed genealogical discordance likely results from introgression.
 Further, to generate such strong discordance, introgression probably acted
 in concert with other factors promoting asymmetric gene flow between the
 mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, such as selection or sex-biased
 dispersal. This study offers a framework for testing sources of
 genealogical discordance and suggests that historical introgression can be
 an important force in shaping the genetic diversity of species and their
 populations.
description: saproPaperDryad2This zipped file contains all the sequence data used in this study and all the scripts used for simulation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ff54t
title: Data from: Macroalgae inhibits larval settlement and increases recruit mortality at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

description: Globally, many coral reefs are degraded and demonstrate reduced coral
 cover and increased macroalgal abundance. While negative correlations
 between macroalgae and coral recruitment have commonly been documented,
 the mechanisms by which macroalgae affects recruitment have received
 little attention. Here we examined the effect of macroalgae on larval
 settlement and the growth and survival of coral recruits, in a field
 experiment over nine months. Exclusion treatments were used to manipulate
 herbivory and macroalgal biomass, while settlement tiles measured coral
 settlement and survival. After nine months the volume of macroalgae was up
 to 40 times greater in the caged treatments than in controls and the
 settlement of coral larvae on the undersides of tiles within caged plots
 was 93% lower than in the uncaged treatments. The growth and survival of
 coral recruits was also severely reduced in the presence of macroalgae:
 survival was 79% lower in caged treatments and corals were up to 58%
 smaller with 75% fewer polyps. These data indicate that macroalgae has an
 additive effect on coral recruitment by reducing larval settlement and
 increasing recruit mortality. This research demonstrates that macroalgae
 can not only inhibit coral recruitment, but also potentially maintain
 dominance through a positive feedback system.
description: Webster et al. 2015
 dataCoral settlement, growth
 and survival, Macroalgal volume, Benthic cover on settlement
 tiles