cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v40j7gf
title: Data from: No evidence of positive assortative mating for genetic quality in fruit flies

description: In sexual populations the effectiveness of selection will depend on how
 gametes combine with respect to genetic quality. If gametes with
 deleterious alleles are likely to combine with one another, deleterious
 genetic variation can be more easily purged by selection. Assortative
 mating, where there is a positive correlation between parents in a
 phenotype of interest such as body size, is often observed in nature, but
 does not necessarily reveal how gametes ultimately combine with respect to
 genetic quality itself. We manipulated genetic quality in fruit fly
 populations using an inbreeding scheme designed to provide an unbiased
 measure of mating patterns. While inbred flies had substantially reduced
 reproductive success, their gametes did not combine with those of other
 inbred flies more often than expected by chance, indicating a lack of
 positive assortative mating. Instead, we detected a negative correlation
 in genetic quality between parents, i.e., disassortative mating, which
 diminished with age. This pattern is expected to reduce the genetic
 variance for fitness, diminishing the effectiveness of selection. We
 discuss how mechanisms of sexual selection could produce a pattern of
 disassortative mating. Our study highlights that sexual selection has the
 potential to either increase or decrease genetic load.
description: Sharp_Whitlock_dataExcel file with sheets for data from main assay, viability assay, and notes describing columns
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r1s93g8
title: Data from: Repeatability of signalling traits in the avian dawn chorus

description: Background Birdsong, a key model in animal communication studies, has been
 the focus of intensive research. Song traits are commonly considered to
 reflect differences in individual or territory quality. Yet, few studies
 have quantified the variability of song traits between versus within
 individuals (i.e. repeatability), and thus whether certain song traits
 indeed provide reliable individual-specific information. Here, we studied
 the dawn chorus of male great tits (Parus major) to determine if key song
 traits are repeatable over multiple days and during different breeding
 stages. Additionally, we examined whether repeatability was associated
 with exploration behaviour, a relevant personality trait. Finally, we
 tested if variation in song traits could be explained by breeding stage,
 lowest night temperature, and exploration behaviour. Results We show that
 the start time of an individual’s dawn song was indeed repeatable within
 and across breeding stages, and was more repeatable before, than during,
 their mate’s egg laying stage. Males started singing later when the
 preceding night was colder. Daily repertoire size was repeatable, though
 to a lesser extent than song start time, and no differences were observed
 between breeding stages. We did not find evidence for an association
 between exploration behaviour and variation in dawn song traits.
 Repertoire composition, and specifically the start song type, varied
 across days, but tended to differ less than expected by chance.
 Conclusions Our findings that individuals consistently differ in key song
 traits provides a better understanding of the information receivers can
 obtain when sampling songs of different males. Surprisingly, start time,
 despite being influenced by a highly variable environmental factor,
 appeared to be a more reliable signal of individual differences than
 repertoire size. Against expectation, singers were more repeatable before
 than during their mate’s egg laying stage, possibly because before egg
 laying, females are less constrained to move around unguarded and thus may
 then already sample (and compare) different singers. Combining repeated
 dawn song recordings with spatial tracking could reveal if the sampling
 strategies of receivers are indeed important drivers of repeatability of
 song traits. Such a complementary approach will further advance our
 insights into the dynamics and evolution of animal signalling systems.
description: Naguibetal_FiZ_DatasetExcel file with data and Column explanations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8g71v4s
title: Data from: Germination timing and chilling exposure create contingency in life history and influence fitness in the native wildflower Streptanthus tortuosus

description: 1. The timing of life history events, such as germination and
 reproduction, influences ecological and selective environments throughout
 the life cycle. Many organisms evolve responses to seasonal environmental
 cues to synchronize these key events with favorable conditions. Often the
 fitness consequences of each life history transition depend on previous
 and subsequent events in the life cycle. If so, shifts in environmental
 cues can create cascading effects throughout the life cycle, which can
 influence fitness, selection on life history traits, and population
 viability. 2. We examined variation in cue responses for contingent life
 history expression and fitness in a California native wildflower,
 Streptanthus tortuosus, by manipulating seasonal germination timing in a
 common garden experiment. We also manipulated chilling exposure to test
 the role of vernalization cues for seasonal life history contingency. 3.
 Plants germinating early in the growing season in autumn were more likely
 to flower in the first year and less likely to perennate than later
 germinants in spring. First year reproduction and overall fitness was
 highest for autumn cohorts. Sensitivity analyses showed that optimal
 germination date depended on survival beyond the first year and fruit
 production in later years. 4. Experimental chilling exposure induced first
 year flowering in spring germinants, demonstrating that seasonal life
 history contingency is mediated by a vernalization requirement. This
 requirement reduced fitness of spring germinants without increasing
 survival or later fecundity and may be maladaptive. Such mismatches
 between cues and fitness may become more pervasive as predicted climate
 change reduces exposure to chilling, shortens growing seasons, and
 increases severity of summer drought. 5. Synthesis: Shifts in germination
 timing in seasonal environments can cause cascading effects on trait
 expression and fitness that extend beyond the first year of the life
 cycle. Climate change is likely to shift seasonal conditions, influencing
 such life history contingency, with significant impacts on trait
 expression, fitness, and population persistence. These shifts may cause
 strong natural selection on cue sensitivity and life history expression,
 but it is an open question whether populations have the potential for
 rapid adaptation in response to this selection.
description: Gremer_germinationtimingexper_phenotypeandfitnessdataData from the germination timing experimentGremer_vernexperiment_phenotypeandfitnessdataData for the vernalization experiment
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m67bg9
title: Data from: Temperature coupling of mate attraction signals and female mate preferences in four populations of Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

description: Variation in temperature can affect the expression of a variety of
 important fitness-related behaviors, including those involved with mate
 attraction and selection, with consequences for the coordination of mating
 across variable environments. We examined how temperature influences the
 expression of male mating signals and female mate preferences—as well as
 the relationship between how male signals and female mate preferences
 change across temperatures (signal-preference temperature coupling)—in
 Enchenopa binotata treehoppers. These small plant-feeding insects
 communicate using plant-borne vibrations, and our field surveys indicate
 they experience significant natural variation in temperature during the
 mating season. We tested for signal-preference temperature coupling in
 four populations of E. binotata by manipulating temperature in a
 controlled laboratory environment. We measured the frequency of male
 signals—the trait for which females show strongest preference—and female
 peak preference—the signal frequency most preferred by females—across a
 range of biologically relevant temperatures (18˚ C -36˚ C). We found a
 strong effect of temperature on both male signals and female preferences,
 which generated signal-preference temperature coupling within each
 population. Even in a population in which male signals mismatched female
 preferences, the temperature coupling reinforces predicted directional
 selection across all temperatures. Additionally, we found similar thermal
 sensitivity in signals and preferences across populations even though
 populations varied in the mean frequency of male signals and female peak
 preference. Together, these results suggest that temperature variation
 should not affect the action of sexual selection via female choice, but
 rather should reinforce stabilizing selection in populations with
 signal-preference matches, and directional selection in those with
 signal-preference mismatches. Finally, we do not predict that thermal
 variation will disrupt the coordination of mating in this species by
 generating signal-preference mismatches at thermal extremes.
description: Ebinotata_SignalsPreferences_TemperatureData included are individual IDs, frequency of male signals and peak frequency of female preferences, temperature during experimental trials, original population of treehopper, sex of individual (male or female), and the year the experiments were done. Data was collected from lab trials manipulating temperature using incubator and room temperature regulators.Ebinotata_SignalsPreferences_29June2019.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vg5712f
title: Data from: Plant communities on nitrogen‐rich soil are less sensitive to soil moisture than plant communities on nitrogen‐poor soil

description: 1.Plant species composition and diversity are known to change across local
 gradients of light, moisture, and nutrients, but ecologists still have a
 relatively limited understanding of how communities respond to multiple
 limiting resources. 2.We used a trait‐based approach to investigate how
 the functional composition and diversity of forest understory plant
 communities change along gradients in light, soil moisture and nitrogen
 availability. We used a total of seven leaf, root, and whole‐plant traits
 for 55‐78 species, and estimated the effects of the three resources on the
 mean and dispersion of these traits in understory plant communities across
 50 forest sites. 3.Soil moisture and nitrogen availability (C/N ratio)
 both influenced plant community traits, but light availability (canopy
 openness) did not. Generally, increases in moisture and nitrogen both
 resulted in shifts towards more acquisitive resource use strategies,
 including greater leaf area, specific leaf area and maximum plant height,
 and lower leaf dry matter content, root dry matter content and rooting
 depth. Functional diversity of most traits also increased with increasing
 soil moisture and nitrogen. Although most traits varied with soil moisture
 on nitrogen‐poor sites, moisture did not influence of the distribution of
 any traits on nitrogen‐rich sites. 4.Synthesis: Independent co‐limitation
 of soil moisture and nitrogen appeared to influence the functional
 composition and diversity of understory vegetation in our study area. The
 co‐occurrence of species with resource acquisitive and conservative
 strategies on nitrogen‐rich sites may make plant communities relatively
 resistant to changes to soil moisture. These results suggest that altered
 precipitation regimes under climate change could lead to greater changes
 in the composition and diversity of plant communities on nutrient‐poor
 soils than on nutrient‐rich soils.
description: Shovon et
 al...1. Environmental
 Variables: Eight environmental variables were initially selected for this
 study. Later 4 of them (canopy openness, clay, soil C/N ratio and soil
 moisture) were selected for the model selection. Third row shows the unit
 of the environmnetal variables. 2. Community Weighted Mean Community
 weighted mean of seven individual traits are given here. These traits are:
 LA (Leaf Area), SLA (Specific Leaf Area), LDMC (Leaf Dry Matter Content),
 SRL (Specific Root Length), RDMC (Root Dry Matter Content), RD (Rooting
 Depth) and Height (Maximum Height). Third row shows the unit of the
 variables. 3. Functional Dispersion Functional Dispersion of seven
 individual traits are given here. These traits are: LA (Leaf Area), SLA
 (Specific Leaf Area), LDMC (Leaf Dry Matter Content), SRL (Specific Root
 Length), RDMC (Root Dry Matter Content), RD (Rooting Depth) and Height
 (Maximum Height). These variables are unit-less.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4gm680c
title: Data from: The legacy of past human land use in current patterns of mammal distribution

description: Multiple environmental factors are known to shape species distributions at
 the global scale, including climate and topography, but understanding
 current extents of occurrence and biodiversity patterns requires
 considering anthropogenic factors as well. Numerous studies have explored
 the relationship between contemporary human activities and different
 biodiversity metrics, but the influence of past activities, such as
 land-use, remains poorly understood despite being one of the oldest human
 impacts. Here we evaluate the role of past land-use modifications in the
 current distribution and conservation status of mammals worldwide using
 spatial data characterizing human land use from c.B.C.6000 to c.A.D.2000.
 First, we applied a clustering method that revealed three generalized past
 human land-use trajectories that represent low-, recently- and
 steadily-used areas widely represented across the globe. Second, we fitted
 boosted regression trees to predict total and threatened mammalian
 richness, globally and within trajectory-clusters, testing the role of
 environmental factors and multiple human land-use metrics reflecting:
 total used area at different time spans, rates of land-use change, and the
 occurrence of remarkable land-use shifts. Environmental factors were
 identified as the main correlates of current mammalian richness, but
 several proposed metrics of past land-use were also relevant predictors.
 Overall, these results highlight the likely existence of a land-use legacy
 in some regions of the world that has influenced the distribution of
 extant mammals, particularly of those currently classified as threatened.
 Even if we cannot change that legacy, our results show that we need to
 account for past human impacts to understand present biodiversity patterns
 and, arguably, to guide future actions.
description: Data to create the
 trajectory clustersThis file contains the
 value for each grid-cell at the resolution and projection of the study
 (~110 x 110 km grid; Behrmann cylindrical equal area projection) of the
 land-use fraction for each temporal period considered in the KK10 model
 (Kaplan et al., 2011): B.C.6000, B.C.3000, B.C.1000, A.D.0, A.D.1000,
 A.D.1500, A.D.1750, A.D.1900, A.D.1950 and A.D. 2000. It was used to
 compute the trajectory-clusters. HBWID is the grid unique
 code.grid_clusters.txtData to fit the modelsThis file contains the processed information for the resolution and projection employed in the main manuscript (110 x 110 km grid; Behrmann cylindrical equal area projection). Predictors (before checking for correlation) and responses are included. A full description and original sources are found in the Supplementary Material of the paper.grid_all_models.txtSpatial data to account for spatial autocorrelationThis file contains the spatial data used to calculate spatial autocorrelation and to include the residuals-based autocovariate (RAC). Spatial resolution: 110 x 110 km grid-cells; projection: Behrmann cylindrical equal area projection.history_clean_lu_mam.dbf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d6080nt
title: Data from: Hypotheses and tracking results about the longest migration: the case of the arctic tern

description: The arctic tern Sterna paradisaea completes the longest known annual
 return migration on Earth, travelling between breeding sites in the
 northern arctic and temperate regions and survival/moult areas in the
 Antarctic pack ice zone. Salomonsen (1967) put forward a hypothetical
 comprehensive interpretation of this global migration pattern, suggesting
 food distribution, wind patterns, sea ice distribution and moult habits as
 key ecological and evolutionary determinants. We used light-level
 geolocators to record twelve annual journeys by eight individuals of
 arctic terns breeding in the Baltic Sea. Migration cycles were evaluated
 in the light of Salomonsen’s hypotheses and compared with results from
 geolocator studies of arctic tern populations from Greenland, Netherlands
 and Alaska. The Baltic terns completed a 50,000 km annual migration
 circuit, exploiting ocean regions of high productivity in the North
 Atlantic, Benguela Current and the Indian Ocean between southern Africa
 and Australia (sometimes including the Tasman Sea). They arrived about 1
 November in the Antarctic zone at far easterly longitudes (in one case
 even at the Ross Sea) subsequently moving westwards across 120 – 220
 degrees of longitude towards the Weddell Sea region. They departed from
 here in mid-March on a fast spring migration up the Atlantic Ocean. The
 geolocator data revealed unexpected segregation in time and space between
 tern populations in the same flyway. Terns from the Baltic and Netherlands
 travelled earlier and to significantly more easterly longitudes in the
 Indian Ocean and Antarctic zone than terns from Greenland. We suggest an
 adaptive explanation for this pattern. The global migration system of the
 arctic tern offers an extraordinary possibility to understand adaptive
 values and constraints in complex pelagic life cycles, as determined by
 environmental conditions (marine productivity, wind patterns, low pressure
 trajectories, pack ice distribution), inherent factors (flight
 performance, moult, flocking) as well as effects of predation/piracy and
 competition.
description: Arctic_Tern_locationsLocation data from Arctic terns, calculated from light level geolocation data. Data from one individual bird per tab. Locations calculated by using IntiProc software (Migrate Technology Ltd).Light level raw dataLight level data from geolocators. ZIP archive, with files from each individual bird. Naming of files corresponds to designation in Table 1. Data files are to be processed by IntiProc software (Migrate Technology Ltd)Light-level-raw-data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m6h850q
title: Data from: Spatio-temporal climate change contributes to latitudinal diversity gradients

description: The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), in which the number of species
 increases from the poles to the Equator, is one of the best-established
 patterns of life on Earth. The pattern of species-rich Tropics relative to
 species-poor temperate areas has been recognized for well over a century,
 but mechanisms for its genesis are still debated vigorously. We use
 simulations to assess the possibility that spatio-temporal climatic
 changes could have generated large-scale patterns of biodiversity as a
 function of only three biological processes—speciation, extinction, and
 dispersal—omitting adaptive niche evolution, diversity-dependence and
 coexistence limits. In our simulations, speciation occurred in response to
 range disjunction, and only when populations had been isolated for a
 sufficient period of time, whereas extinction occurred when a species
 could no longer access suitable sites. Our simulations generated clear
 LDGs that closely match empirical LDGs for three major vertebrate groups.
 Higher tropical diversity resulted primarily from higher rates of
 low-latitude speciation. This speciation was driven by spatio-temporal
 variation in precipitation at low latitudes, rather than in temperature.
 We therefore propose that spatio-temporal heterogenous precipitation
 change may have driven high rates of low-latitude speciation, contributing
 to LDGs. Overall, simulations show that major global biodiversity patterns
 can derive from the interaction of species’ niches (fixed a priori in our
 simulations) with dynamic climate across complex, existing landscapes,
 without the need to invoke biotic interactions or niche-related
 adaptations.
description: Sample simulation
 filesThis package contains
 four simulation results. We cannot share all simulation outputs because
 the total size exceeds 15TB.sample_simulations_sa.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.864pt1f
title: Data from: Aphids influence soil fungal communities in conventional agricultural systems

description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with the roots of most
 plant species, including cereals. AMF can increase the uptake of nutrients
 including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and of silicon (Si) as well as
 increase host resistance to various stresses. Plants can simultaneously
 interact with above-ground insect herbivores such as aphids, which can
 alter the proportion of plant roots colonized by AMF. However, it is
 unknown if aphids impact the structure of AMF communities colonizing
 plants or the extent of the extraradical mycelium produced in the soil,
 both of which can influence the defensive and nutritional benefit a plant
 derives from the symbiosis. This study investigated the effect of aphids
 on the plant-AMF interaction in a conventionally managed agricultural
 system. As plants also interact with other soil fungi, the non-AMF fungal
 community was also investigated. We hypothesized that aphids would depress
 plant growth, and reduce intraradical AMF colonization, soil fungal hyphal
 density and the diversity of AM and non-AM fungal communities. To test the
 effects of aphids, field plots of barley enclosed with insect proof cages
 were inoculated with Sitobion avenae or remained uninoculated. AMF
 specific and total fungal amplicon sequencing assessed root fungal
 communities 46 days after aphid addition. Aphids did not impact
 above-ground plant biomass, but did increase the grain N:P ratio. Whilst
 aphid presence had no impact on AMF intraradical colonization, soil fungal
 hyphal length density, or AMF community characteristics, there was a trend
 for the aphid treatment to increase vesicle numbers and the relative
 abundance of the AMF family Gigasporaceae. Contrary to expectations, the
 aphid treatment also increased the evenness of the total fungal community.
 This suggests that aphids can influence soil communities in conventional
 arable systems, a result that could have implications for multitrophic
 feedback loops between crop pests and soil organisms across the
 above-below-ground interface.
description: Data from: Aphids
 influence soil fungal communities in conventional agricultural
 systemsThis file contains data
 from a field experiment where aphid presence was manipulated and plant and
 soil fungal parameters were measured. The file contains the treatment for
 each replicate, measurements on plant biomass and nutrition, as well as
 measurements of arbuscular mycorrhizal structures, and the identity and
 relative abundance of soil fungal taxa.Data Aphids Soil fungal
 communities.csv