cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15154/1528190
title: Associations between genetic risk for adult suicide attempt and suicidal behaviors in young children in the US

description: Importance  Suicide rates have been increasing among youth in the US. While the heritability of suicide risk is well established, there is limited understanding of how genetic risk is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in young children.

Objective  To examine whether genetic susceptibility to suicide attempts (SAs) is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This case-control study examined data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a population-based longitudinal study of 11 878 US children enrolled at age 9 and 10 years from September 2016 to November 2018. Youth reports of suicidal ideation (SI) and SAs were obtained from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia at baseline and 2 subsequent years. After conservative quality control of genotype data, this analysis focused on 4344 unrelated individuals of European ancestry. Data analysis was conducted from November 2020 to February 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures  Children’s lifetime experiences of SI and SAs were assessed each year from ages 9 to 10 years to ages 11 to 12 years. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for SAs were calculated for ABCD study participants based on the largest genome-wide association study of SA cases and controls of European ancestry (total sample n = 518 612).

Results  Of 4344 children of European ancestry (2045 [47.08%] female; mean [SD] age, 9.93 [0.62] years), significant associations were found between children’s SA PRSs and their lifetime SAs with the most robust association in the follow-up year 2 (odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.18-1.75]; corrected P = 1.85 × 10−3; Nagelkerke pseudo R2 = 1.51%). These associations remained significant after accounting for children’s sociodemographic backgrounds, psychopathology symptoms, parental histories of suicide and mental health, and PRSs for major depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (likelihood ratio test P < .05). Children’s depressive mood and aggressive behavior were the most significant partial mediators of SA genetic risk on SAs (mediation analysis P < 1 × 10−16). Children’s behavioral problems, such as attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, and social problems, also partially mediated the association of SA PRSs with SAs (mediation analysis false discover rate < 0.05).

Conclusions and Relevance  This study’s findings indicate that there may be genetic factors associated with SA risk across the life span and suggest behaviors and conditions through which the risk could be mediated in childhood. Further research is warranted to examine whether incorporating genetic data could improve the identification of children at risk for suicide.
DOI: 10.15154/1528347
title: Effects of Parental Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems on Children’s Limbic Brain Structures—An MRI Study

description: Parental behavior problems have long-term effects on children’s limbic brain structures and
functions. Parental behavior problems-related brain changes in children may lead to mental disorders
and behavior dysfunction later in life. However, our understanding of the relationship between
parental behavior and children’s brain structures is less obvious when children and adolescents are
studied in a general population without mental disorders. The majority of studies on the relationship
between parental behavior and adolescent brain structure have been focused on severe forms of the
following parental behavior problems: (1) internalizing behavior associated with mood and anxiety
disorders, and (2) externalizing behavior associated with substance use and violence. A few studies
examined the effect of normative variations or subtle differences in parental behavior. Therefore, we
utilized a large study—Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)—to determine relationships
between normative variation in parental internalizing and externalizing behavior and limbic brain
structures in children and adolescents without mental disorders. Quantile (median) regression models
were used to compute associations between parental behavior and children’s limbic structures. We
found that parental internalizing and externalizing behaviors are uniquely associated with children’s
limbic structures after adjustment for biological confounders and parental socioeconomic status.
Our findings indicate that normative parental behavior may have a significant early influence on
limbic structures of normally developing children and adolescents. Accelerated or delayed limbic
structure maturation may account for children’s and adolescents’ behavioral inadequacies and a risk
of developing specific mood disorders or substance abuse problems later in life.
DOI: 10.15154/1528365
title: Estimating the Association Between Exposome and Psychosis as Well as General Psychopathology: Results From the ABCD Study

description: Background
The exposome comprises all nongenetic factors an individual is exposed to across their lifespan. Research suggests that exposomic vulnerability for schizophrenia is associated not only with psychosis but also, to a degree, with general psychopathology. Here, we investigated to what degree exposome factors are associated with psychosis and general psychopathology.

Methods
Data were retrieved from the 1-year follow-up assessment of a large U.S. adolescent sample (n = 11,235), the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Iterative factor analyses of environmental exposures (n = 798) allowed calculation of 6 exposome factors: household adversity, neighborhood environment, day-to-day experiences, state-level environment, family values, pregnancy/birth complications. Bifactor modeling of clinical symptoms (n = 93) allowed calculation of a general psychopathology factor (p-factor) and 6 subdomains, including a psychosis subdomain. We applied linear regression analyses to estimate the association of exposome factors with the p-factor and psychosis subdomain, respectively.

Results
Individual analyses showed that 5 exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor after multiple-comparison correction. In the mutually adjusted model, all exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor. Psychosis was particularly associated with 3 exposome factors, with the mutually adjusted model yielding the following results: household adversity (β = 0.04, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07), day-to-day experiences (β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12), and pregnancy/birth complications (β = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that multifaceted environmental background is associated with mental disorders. Psychosis was particularly associated with prenatal, perinatal, and childhood (household and school) adversities, although these exposome domains were also associated with psychopathology. The exposome approach can help understand neurodevelopmental psychopathology.
DOI: 10.15154/1528368
title: Association between racial/ethnic discrimination and pubertal development in early adolescence

description: Racial health disparities in the United States are a major concern, with Black or African Americans experiencing more morbidity and mortality at earlier ages compared to White Americans. More data is needed on the biological underpinnings of this phenomenon. One potential explanation for racial health disparities is that of accelerated aging, which is associated with increased stress exposure. Black Americans face disproportionate levels of environmental stress, specifically racial/ethnic discrimination. Here we investigated associations between self-reported experiences of discrimination and pubertal development (PD) in a diverse sample of young American adolescents (N = 11,235, mean age 10.9 years, 20.5% Black participants) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Compared to their non-Black counterparts, Black youth experienced more racial/ethnic discrimination in the past year (10.4% vs 3.1%) and had a greater likelihood of being in late/post-pubertal status (3.6% vs 1.5% in boys, 21.3% vs 11.4% in girls). In both sexes, multivariable regression models run in the full sample revealed a cross-sectional association of experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination with pubertal development (boys: standardized beta [β]=0.123, P < .001; girls: β = 0.110, P < .001) covarying for demographics, BMI, and dietary habits. Associations remained significant when controlling for multiple other environmental confounders including other forms of (non-racial/ethnic) discrimination and other environmental adversities including poverty and negative life events, and when using parent-reported assessment of pubertal development. Furthermore, racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with elevated estradiol levels in girls (β = 0.057, P = .002). Findings suggest an association between experiences of discrimination and pubertal development that is independent of multiple environmental stressors. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causal mechanism.
DOI: 10.15154/1528371
title: Structural MRI scans in autism during early childhood in BIDS format

description: This repository contains defaced standardized structural MRI data from multiple time points with a total of 102 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 18 children with a non-autism developmental delay (DD), and 53 typical controls (see BIDS participants.tsv file for age and sex distribution in each subject’s first MRI session). These data were used and described in detail in Raznahan et al. 2013 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2012.10.005) and Smith et al. 2016 (https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23195) among other publications. The data have been formatted in the brain imaging data structure (BIDS) for easier re-use. The full dataset in this study is less than 5 GB in size.

The study GitHub repository with a viewable README file and scripts used for curation can be found at https://github.com/nimh-dsst/nda-study-1887/ .
DOI: 10.15154/1528374
title: Vertex-wise multivariate genome-wide association study identifies 780 unique genetic loci associated with cortical morphology

description: Brain morphology has been shown to be highly heritable, yet only a small portion of the heritability is explained by the genetic variants discovered so far. Here we extended the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest) and applied it to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of vertex-wise structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cortical measures from N=35,657 participants in the UK Biobank. We identified 695 loci for cortical surface area and 539 for cortical thickness, in total 780 unique genetic loci associated with cortical morphology robustly replicated in 8,060 children of mixed ethnicity from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. This reflects more than 8-fold increase in genetic discovery at no cost to generalizability compared to the commonly used univariate GWAS methods applied to region of interest (ROI) data. Functional follow up including gene-based analyses implicated 10% of all protein-coding genes and pointed towards pathways involved in neurogenesis and cell differentiation. Power analysis indicated that applying the MOSTest to vertex-wise structural MRI data triples the effective sample size compared to conventional univariate GWAS approaches. The large boost in power obtained with the vertex-wise MOSTest together with pronounced replication rates and highlighted biologically meaningful pathways underscores the advantage of multivariate approaches in the context of highly distributed polygenic architecture of the human brain.
DOI: 10.15154/1528439
title: Sleep Timing, Chronotype, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

description: Sleep disturbance is a major component of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of circadian disruption is largely overlooked, though many PTSD studies collect proxy markers of circadian timing. This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis examined the correlation between sleep timing / chronotype and PTSD severity among individuals diagnosed with PTSD, the standardized mean difference in sleep timing / chronotype for individuals with and without PTSD, and moderators of these relationships. A systematic search was conducted; authors provided IPD for 27 studies and aggregate data for 16 studies (3,011 participants with PTSD; 2,703 participants without PTSD). Two-step meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects multivariate approach with robust variance estimation. Bedtime and wake time were not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms or diagnosis. Less total sleep time / time in bed was weakly associated with greater PTSD symptoms. Moderator analyses revealed that effect sizes were stronger in certain populations and when using wrist actigraphy to measure sleep timing; however, gap maps revealed few studies in moderator categories with the strongest effects. Only two studies measured chronotype, prohibiting strong conclusions. Our findings indicate that the relationship between sleep timing and PTSD is weak; however, key gaps in the literature warrant further study.
DOI: 10.15154/1528446
title: Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression & Anxiety (BANDA) Release 1.0 

description: The Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA) study was the first Human Connectome Project (HCP) of adolescent anxiety and depression. This study was part of the broader Connectomes Related to Human Diseases (CRHD) initiative subsumed under the parent HCP. There were three primary goals of the BANDA study: a) Collect a rich dataset of brain imaging, clinical, and cognitive/neuropsychological measures from anxious and/or depressed, as well as typical adolescents, and to make these data available to the biomedical research community; b) Stimulate the development of resources for researchers to create adolescent-specific tools (e.g., white matter and functional connectivity atlases) to enhance the analysis of structural and functional brain development; and c) Collect longitudinal clinical data to allow researchers to use these data to test predictive markers of the development, progression, and remission of depressive and anxious symptoms in adolescence.

The BANDA study collected magnetic resonance imaging, clinical, and cognitive/neuropsychological measures from adolescents (imaging acquired at ages 14-17). Data were collected from 215 adolescents; 152 of whom had a current diagnosis of a DSM-5 (APA, 2013) anxious and/or depressive disorder. The BANDA Release 1.0 includes unprocessed and minimally preprocessed structural MRI, resting state fMRI, task fMRI and diffusion MRI data for up to 207 subjects, plus phenotypic data for up to 215 subjects. For details of all the measures included in this release and access instructions see the 1.0 Release documentation at https://www.humanconnectome.org/study/connectomes-related-anxiety-depression/document/banda-release-10.
DOI: 10.15154/1528473
title: Investigating possible biomarkers of autism in resting EEG

description: There are no clinically useful biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Electroencephalogram (EEG) can measure ongoing brain dynamics using cheap and widely available technology and is minimally invasive. As such, any measurement drived from EEG that is capable of serving as a biomarker for ASD would be hugely beneficial. Previous research has been conflicting and a large list of EEG measures have been suggested.
DOI: 10.15154/1528476
title: One-Year Predictions of Delayed Reward Discounting in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

description: Delayed reward discounting (DRD) refers to the extent to which an individual devalues a reward based
on a temporal delay and is known to be elevated in individuals with substance use disorders and many
mental illnesses. DRD has been linked previously with both features of brain structure and function, as
well as various behavioral, psychological, and life-history factors. However, there has been little work
on the neurobiological and behavioral antecedents of DRD in childhood. This is an important question,
as understanding the antecedents of DRD can provide signs of mechanisms in the development of
psychopathology. The present study used baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development
Study (N = 4,042) to build machine learning models to predict DRD at the first follow-up visit, 1
year later. In separate machine learning models, we tested elastic net regression, random forest
regression, light gradient boosting regression, and support vector regression. In five-fold cross-validation
on the training set, models using an array of questionnaire/task variables were able to predict DRD, with
these findings generalizing to a held-out (i.e., “lockbox”) test set of 20% of the sample. Key predictive
variables were neuropsychological test performance at baseline, socioeconomic status, screen media
activity, psychopathology, parenting, and personality. However, models using magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)-derived brain variables did not reliably predict DRD in either the cross-validation or
held-out test set. These results suggest a combination of questionnaire/task variables as antecedents of
excessive DRD in late childhood, which may presage the development of problematic substance use in
adolescence.
DOI: 10.15154/1528477
title: Cyberbullying and Sleep Disturbance Among Early Adolescents in the U.S.

description: OBJECTIVE:
To determine the association between cyberbullying (victimization and perpetration) and sleep disturbance among a demographically diverse sample of 10-14-year-old early adolescents.

METHODS:
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (Year 2, 2018-2020) of early adolescents (10-14 years) in the US. Modified Poisson regression analyses examined the association between cyberbullying and self-reported and caregiver-reported sleep disturbance measures.

RESULTS:
In a sample of 9,443 adolescents (mean age 12.0 years, 47.9% female, 47.8% white), 5.1% reported cyberbullying victimization, and 0.5% reported cyberbullying perpetration in the past 12 months. Cyberbullying victimization in the past 12 months was associated with adolescent-reported trouble falling/staying asleep (risk ratio [RR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57, 2.21) and caregiver-reported overall sleep disturbance of the adolescent (RR: 1.16 95% CI 1.00, 1.33), in models adjusting for sociodemographic factors and screen time. Cyberbullying perpetration in the past 12 months was associated with trouble falling/staying asleep (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.21, 3.15) and caregiver-reported overall sleep disturbance of the adolescent (RR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.00, 2.22).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration are associated with sleep disturbance in early adolescence. Digital media education and counseling for adolescents, parents, teachers, and clinicians could focus on guidance to prevent cyberbullying and support healthy sleep behavior for early adolescents.
DOI: 10.15154/1528478
title: Screen Time and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Among Children 9-10 Years Old: A Prospective Cohort Study.

description: PURPOSE:
The aim of this study is to determine the prospective associations between baseline screen time and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) at 2-year follow-up in a national (United States) cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children.

METHODS:
We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 9,208). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between baseline self-reported screen time (exposure) and OCD, based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (outcome), at 2-year-follow-up, adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, family history of psychopathology, and study site, excluding participants with baseline OCD.

RESULTS:
The sample was 48.9% female and racially and ethnically diverse (43.5% non-White). Each additional hour of total screen time was prospectively associated with 1.05 higher odds of OCD at 2-year follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09). For specific screen time modalities, each additional hour of playing video games (adjusted odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.28) and watching videos (adjusted odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.23) was associated with a subsequent OCD diagnosis.

CONCLUSION:
Video games and watching videos are prospectively associated with new-onset OCD in early adolescents. Future research should examine mechanisms linking these specific screen modalities to OCD development to inform future prevention and intervention efforts.
DOI: 10.15154/1528479
title: Social Epidemiology of Early Adolescent Cyberbullying in the United States.

description: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among a racially, ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population-based sample of 11-12-year-old early adolescents.

We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (Year 2; N = 9429). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between sociodemographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, country of birth, household income, parental education) and adolescent-reported cyberbullying victimization and perpetration.

In the overall sample, lifetime prevalence of cyberbullying victimization was 9.6%, with 65.8% occurring in the past 12 months, while lifetime prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration was 1.1%, with 59.8% occurring in the past 12 months. Boys reported higher odds of cyberbullying perpetration (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.01-2.92) but lower odds of cyberbullying victimization (AOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94) than girls. Sexual minorities reported 2.83 higher odds of cyberbullying victimization (95% CI 1.69-4.75) than nonsexual minorities. Lower household income was associated with 1.64 (95% CI 1.34-2.00) higher odds of cyberbullying victimization than higher household income, however household income was not associated with cyberbullying perpetration. Total screen time, particularly on the internet and social media, was associated with both cyberbullying victimization and perpetration.

Nearly one in 10 early adolescents reported cyberbullying victimization. Pediatricians, parents, teachers, and online platforms can provide education to support victims and prevent perpetration for early adolescents at the highest risk of cyberbullying.