DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nc5dp
title: Data from: Specificity in diversity: single origin of a widespread ciliate-bacteria symbiosis

description: Symbioses between eukaryotes and sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria
 have convergently evolved multiple times. Although well described in at
 least eight classes of metazoan animals, almost nothing is known about the
 evolution of thiotrophic symbioses in microbial eukaryotes (protists). In
 this study, we characterized the symbioses between mouthless marine
 ciliates of the genus Kentrophoros, and their thiotrophic bacteria, using
 comparative sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
 Ciliate small-subunit rRNA sequences were obtained from 17 morphospecies
 collected in the Mediterranean and Caribbean, and symbiont sequences from
 13 of these morphospecies. We discovered a new Kentrophoros morphotype
 where the symbiont-bearing surface is folded into pouch-like compartments,
 illustrating the variability of the basic body plan. Phylogenetic analyses
 revealed that all investigated Kentrophoros belonged to a single clade,
 despite the remarkable morphological diversity of these hosts. The
 symbionts were also monophyletic and belonged to a new clade within the
 Gammaproteobacteria, with no known cultured representatives. Each host
 morphospecies had a distinct symbiont phylotype, and statistical analyses
 revealed significant support for host–symbiont codiversification. Given
 that these symbioses were collected from two widely separated oceans, our
 results indicate that symbiotic associations in unicellular hosts can be
 highly specific and stable over long periods of evolutionary time.
description: Kentrophoros sp. H
 sample 500-10 aligned section stackAligned image stack of
 semithin sections in Amira format. Kentrophoros sp. H collected 6 Nov 2014
 from Cavoli, Isola d'Elba, Italy, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde,
 post-fixed 1% osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon resin. Serial sections
 stained with toluidine blue and imaged in greyscale. Image stack
 automatically aligned with manual refinement.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 aligned section stack - editedSame as "Kentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 aligned section stack", but inverted in grayscale and modified to exclude background. Aligned image stack in Amira format.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop-inverted.modif.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 aligned section stackAligned image stack of semithin sections in Amira format. Kentrophoros sp. H collected Nov 2014 from Cavoli, Isola d'Elba, Italy, fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon resin. Serial sections stained with toluidine blue and imaged in greyscale. Image stack automatically aligned with manual refinement.Kentrophoros-50019+new.align.filtered.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 aligned section stack - editedSame as "Kentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 aligned section stack", but inverted in grayscale and modified to exclude background.Kentrophoros-50019+new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median.modif.modif.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 pseudotrophosome labelsKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 - label file to mark pseudotrophosome containing ectosymbionts. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop.labelsECTOTRO.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 pseudotrophosome surfaceKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 - surface file for pseudotrophosome containing ectosymbionts. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop.labelsECTOTRO4.smooth.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 ciliate cell labelsKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 - label file to mark external boundary of ciliate cell. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop.labels.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 ciliate cell surfaceKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 - surface file for external boundary of ciliate cell. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop.labels5.smooth.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 nuclei labelsKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-10 - label file to mark cell nuclei. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros50010.align.filtered-3.align-crop.labelsNUCLEI.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 ciliate cell labelsKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 - label file to mark external boundary of ciliate cell. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros-50019-new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median-labelstotal.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 ciliate cell surfaceKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 - surface file for external boundary of ciliate cell. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros-50019-new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median-labelstotal4.smooth.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 pseudotrophosome labelsKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 - label file to mark pseudotrophosome containing ectosymbionts. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros-50019+new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median.labels-ECTOTROPH_threshold.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 pseudotrophosome surfaceKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 - surface file for pseudotrophosome containing ectosymbionts. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros-50019+new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median.labels-ECTOTROPH_threshold.surf.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 nuclei labelsKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 - label file to mark cell nuclei. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros-50019+new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median.labelsNUCLEI.amKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 nuclei surfaceKentrophoros sp. H sample 500-19 - surface file for cell nuclei. File in Amira format.Kentrophoros-50019+new.align-crop-filtered-lanczos-filtered-contr1.5-inverted.modif.filtered-median.labelsNUCLEI2.smooth.am