cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16574556
title: Factors leading to discontinuation of biologic therapy in patients with severe asthma

description: To assess patient- and physician-reported reasons for discontinuing biologic therapy among patients with severe asthma from a real-world US cohort. This retrospective analysis surveyed US physicians and their patients with severe asthma who were receiving/had previously received biologic therapy between August and December 2019. Physicians managing ≥3 patients with asthma per month completed surveys on disease management, demographics, exacerbation history, and biologic adherence for eligible patients. Patients could voluntarily complete a questionnaire, providing perceptions of their disease and treatment. 117 physicians completed case reports for 285 patients; 85 patients had discontinued biologic therapy. Physicians (<i>n</i> = 85) and patients (<i>n</i> = 64) reported patient request (28.2% and 46.9%), shortness of breath (45.9% and 23.4%), other chronic respiratory symptoms (29.4% and 10.9%), cost/reimbursement (17.7%/9.4% and 20.3%/7.8%), and exacerbations (25.9% and 10.9%) among the main reasons for biologic discontinuation. Patients who continued biologic therapy were older (mean age 47.6 years) than those who discontinued (43.8 years), and were more likely to have ≥2 exacerbations in the previous year (52.5% vs 35.3%), allergic rhinitis (70.0% vs 62.4%), or chronic rhinosinusitis (30.0% vs 12.9%). Side effects were cited as reasons by only 15.3% and 7.8% of physicians and patients, respectively. The most common reasons given for discontinuation of biologic therapy were lack of symptom control, exacerbations, cost, and patient request. These data highlight the complexity of care for this patient group and the need for ongoing, regular assessment of common challenges to biologic continuation and reasons for discontinuation, including both clinical and non-clinical factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16574556.v2
title: Factors leading to discontinuation of biologic therapy in patients with severe asthma

description: To assess patient- and physician-reported reasons for discontinuing biologic therapy among patients with severe asthma from a real-world US cohort. This retrospective analysis surveyed US physicians and their patients with severe asthma who were receiving/had previously received biologic therapy between August and December 2019. Physicians managing ≥3 patients with asthma per month completed surveys on disease management, demographics, exacerbation history, and biologic adherence for eligible patients. Patients could voluntarily complete a questionnaire, providing perceptions of their disease and treatment. 117 physicians completed case reports for 285 patients; 85 patients had discontinued biologic therapy. Physicians (<i>n</i> = 85) and patients (<i>n</i> = 64) reported patient request (28.2% and 46.9%), shortness of breath (45.9% and 23.4%), other chronic respiratory symptoms (29.4% and 10.9%), cost/reimbursement (17.7%/9.4% and 20.3%/7.8%), and exacerbations (25.9% and 10.9%) among the main reasons for biologic discontinuation. Patients who continued biologic therapy were older (mean age 47.6 years) than those who discontinued (43.8 years), and were more likely to have ≥2 exacerbations in the previous year (52.5% vs 35.3%), allergic rhinitis (70.0% vs 62.4%), or chronic rhinosinusitis (30.0% vs 12.9%). Side effects were cited as reasons by only 15.3% and 7.8% of physicians and patients, respectively. The most common reasons given for discontinuation of biologic therapy were lack of symptom control, exacerbations, cost, and patient request. These data highlight the complexity of care for this patient group and the need for ongoing, regular assessment of common challenges to biologic continuation and reasons for discontinuation, including both clinical and non-clinical factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16577820
title: Do Anti-Corruption Messages Improve Public Service Delivery? Insights from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Burundi

description: This paper explores the effects of anti-corruption sensitisation messages on bribe-taking and public service delivery. In a novel lab-in-the-field experiment in Burundi, 527 public servants were asked to allocate rationed vouchers between anonymous citizens; some of these citizens attempted to bribe the public servants to obtain more vouchers than entitled. Two groups of public servants were randomly exposed to similar short messages that called to either the idea of good governance or professional values of integrity. Public servants exposed to the professional identity message behaved in a more equitable manner than those not exposed to any message. We hypothesise that reflecting upon professional values increases moral costs and prompts fairer service delivery. Bribe-taking was not impacted by the messages and bribe-taking and service delivery appear to be distinct dimensions, correlated to different variables. The experiment provides new insights into the design of public service improvement and anti-corruption strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16577820.v1
title: Do Anti-Corruption Messages Improve Public Service Delivery? Insights from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Burundi

description: This paper explores the effects of anti-corruption sensitisation messages on bribe-taking and public service delivery. In a novel lab-in-the-field experiment in Burundi, 527 public servants were asked to allocate rationed vouchers between anonymous citizens; some of these citizens attempted to bribe the public servants to obtain more vouchers than entitled. Two groups of public servants were randomly exposed to similar short messages that called to either the idea of good governance or professional values of integrity. Public servants exposed to the professional identity message behaved in a more equitable manner than those not exposed to any message. We hypothesise that reflecting upon professional values increases moral costs and prompts fairer service delivery. Bribe-taking was not impacted by the messages and bribe-taking and service delivery appear to be distinct dimensions, correlated to different variables. The experiment provides new insights into the design of public service improvement and anti-corruption strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16417265
title: The Long Run Impact of a Macroeconomic Crisis on Schooling Outcomes

description: The effect of an aggregate economic shock on human capital formation is theoretically ambiguous. When real wages fall during a recession, households face both a drop in their real incomes, as well as lower wages in available jobs. The impacts, particularly in the long run, on educational attainment and labour market outcomes is uncertain. I exploit the heterogeneous impact of an economic recession as measured by the variation in rice price increases to find that, for net consumers of rice, higher rice price increases are associated with small declines in school participation for younger children, who have limited labour market opportunities, and large declines in employment for older children, who face higher opportunity costs of schooling. The results are reversed for net producers of rice. The fall in wages protects older children from suffering adverse long-run consequences to their educational attainment. However, children who face higher wages during critical junctures in their schooling are more likely to start working and face reductions in human capital investments. These differences in investments have significant long-term effects on later-life income, employment status and sector of employment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16417265.v1
title: The Long Run Impact of a Macroeconomic Crisis on Schooling Outcomes

description: The effect of an aggregate economic shock on human capital formation is theoretically ambiguous. When real wages fall during a recession, households face both a drop in their real incomes, as well as lower wages in available jobs. The impacts, particularly in the long run, on educational attainment and labour market outcomes is uncertain. I exploit the heterogeneous impact of an economic recession as measured by the variation in rice price increases to find that, for net consumers of rice, higher rice price increases are associated with small declines in school participation for younger children, who have limited labour market opportunities, and large declines in employment for older children, who face higher opportunity costs of schooling. The results are reversed for net producers of rice. The fall in wages protects older children from suffering adverse long-run consequences to their educational attainment. However, children who face higher wages during critical junctures in their schooling are more likely to start working and face reductions in human capital investments. These differences in investments have significant long-term effects on later-life income, employment status and sector of employment.
DOI: 10.25928/bgr146hmg_eemg-rm31
title: Hubschrauber-Magnetik (HMG) Gebiet 146 Geyer
title: Helicopter-borne magnetics (HMG) Area 146 Geyer

description: Zipped maps
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15186272
title: Efficacy and safety of oral Pentasa (prolonged-release mesalazine) in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

description: Pentasa (prolonged-release mesalazine [5-ASA]) has been available for &gt;30 years as an effective treatment for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to provide an up-to-date evaluation of oral Pentasa efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, from inception to 02 December 2020. Unpublished studies were also sourced. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model and Bayesian inference compared Pentasa (tablets, granules, capsules) against placebo and other 5-ASAs. Twelve studies involving 3674 patients treated with Pentasa were identified. Pentasa 2–4 g/day was superior to placebo at inducing (absolute risk difference [ARD] at 8 weeks 0.14, 95% CI 0.07‒0.21; <i>p</i> &lt; .001) and maintaining (ARD 6-12 months 0.18, 95% CI 0.04‒0.33; <i>p</i> &lt; .05) remission (clinical/endoscopic). Against other 5-ASAs, Pentasa had similar efficacy for induction (ARD &lt;0.001, 95% CI −0.05‒0.05) and maintenance (ARD 0.01, 95% CI −0.07‒0.08) treatment using randomized controlled trial data. Upon inclusion of real-world study data, Pentasa was significantly better at maintaining remission compared both to Eudragit-S mesalazine and sulfasalazine (ARD 0.04, 95% CI 0.02‒0.06; <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Pentasa (1–4 g/day) had similar treatment-related adverse event rates to placebo (ARD 0.02, 95% CI −0.03‒0.06) and Eudragit-L/S mesalazines (2.25-3 vs 2.4-3 g/day, respectively; ARD −0.03, 95% CI −0.12‒0.05), but was better tolerated than sulfasalazine (3 g/day) (ARD 0.07, 95% CI 0.003‒0.14; <i>p</i> &lt; .05). This study confirms oral Pentasa is efficacious and well-tolerated in treating active UC and maintaining remission. The availability of multiple forms of Pentasa supports physicians’ ability to individualize treatment and optimize dosing to improve outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15186272.v2
title: Efficacy and safety of oral Pentasa (prolonged-release mesalazine) in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

description: Pentasa (prolonged-release mesalazine [5-ASA]) has been available for &gt;30 years as an effective treatment for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to provide an up-to-date evaluation of oral Pentasa efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, from inception to 02 December 2020. Unpublished studies were also sourced. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model and Bayesian inference compared Pentasa (tablets, granules, capsules) against placebo and other 5-ASAs. Twelve studies involving 3674 patients treated with Pentasa were identified. Pentasa 2–4 g/day was superior to placebo at inducing (absolute risk difference [ARD] at 8 weeks 0.14, 95% CI 0.07‒0.21; <i>p</i> &lt; .001) and maintaining (ARD 6-12 months 0.18, 95% CI 0.04‒0.33; <i>p</i> &lt; .05) remission (clinical/endoscopic). Against other 5-ASAs, Pentasa had similar efficacy for induction (ARD &lt;0.001, 95% CI −0.05‒0.05) and maintenance (ARD 0.01, 95% CI −0.07‒0.08) treatment using randomized controlled trial data. Upon inclusion of real-world study data, Pentasa was significantly better at maintaining remission compared both to Eudragit-S mesalazine and sulfasalazine (ARD 0.04, 95% CI 0.02‒0.06; <i>p</i> &lt; .001). Pentasa (1–4 g/day) had similar treatment-related adverse event rates to placebo (ARD 0.02, 95% CI −0.03‒0.06) and Eudragit-L/S mesalazines (2.25-3 vs 2.4-3 g/day, respectively; ARD −0.03, 95% CI −0.12‒0.05), but was better tolerated than sulfasalazine (3 g/day) (ARD 0.07, 95% CI 0.003‒0.14; <i>p</i> &lt; .05). This study confirms oral Pentasa is efficacious and well-tolerated in treating active UC and maintaining remission. The availability of multiple forms of Pentasa supports physicians’ ability to individualize treatment and optimize dosing to improve outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16437285
title: The diminishing cost-effectiveness of the newer glucose-lowering drug classes in the United States: 2010–2018

description: The difference between the costs of the newer and older glucose-lowering drugs (GLMs) has been steadily increasing since 2010. In 2018, newer drugs cost 8–12 times more than older drugs (except for insulin). This study aimed to understand how the cost change influenced the cost-effectiveness of the newer GLMs. Based on our previous literature review on US-based cost-effectiveness studies comparing newer (i.e. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors) with older GLMs, we identified 12 studies that reported the cost-effectiveness of newer drugs based on drug costs estimated before 2010. We updated the corresponding cost-effectiveness of each study by replacing the old cost estimates with 2018 estimates from the 2018 IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims Databases. The time window and willingness to pay threshold were consistent with the original studies. Only 8% of the original studies suggested that the older drugs were cost-effective. However, 58% of studies were in favor of the older drugs after the cost update. Among the four studies comparing newer drugs with thiazolidinediones, all the original results favored newer drugs. However, all studies suggested thiazolidinedione to be cost-effective in the updated analysis. For the four studies comparing newer drugs with sulfonylureas, two studies suggested the sulfonylureas to be cost-effective after the cost update. All four studies suggested newer drugs to be cost-effective when compared with insulin in the original study. Only 1 flipped its conclusion when 2018 costs were used. Our sensitivity analysis shows that our results are robust under a 30% rebate. Significant changes in the cost of GLMs have impacted the economic value of different GLM classes substantially. More cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted to support the drug choice in T2DM management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16437285.v2
title: The diminishing cost-effectiveness of the newer glucose-lowering drug classes in the United States: 2010–2018

description: The difference between the costs of the newer and older glucose-lowering drugs (GLMs) has been steadily increasing since 2010. In 2018, newer drugs cost 8–12 times more than older drugs (except for insulin). This study aimed to understand how the cost change influenced the cost-effectiveness of the newer GLMs. Based on our previous literature review on US-based cost-effectiveness studies comparing newer (i.e. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors) with older GLMs, we identified 12 studies that reported the cost-effectiveness of newer drugs based on drug costs estimated before 2010. We updated the corresponding cost-effectiveness of each study by replacing the old cost estimates with 2018 estimates from the 2018 IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims Databases. The time window and willingness to pay threshold were consistent with the original studies. Only 8% of the original studies suggested that the older drugs were cost-effective. However, 58% of studies were in favor of the older drugs after the cost update. Among the four studies comparing newer drugs with thiazolidinediones, all the original results favored newer drugs. However, all studies suggested thiazolidinedione to be cost-effective in the updated analysis. For the four studies comparing newer drugs with sulfonylureas, two studies suggested the sulfonylureas to be cost-effective after the cost update. All four studies suggested newer drugs to be cost-effective when compared with insulin in the original study. Only 1 flipped its conclusion when 2018 costs were used. Our sensitivity analysis shows that our results are robust under a 30% rebate. Significant changes in the cost of GLMs have impacted the economic value of different GLM classes substantially. More cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted to support the drug choice in T2DM management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15186272.v1
title: Efficacy and safety of oral Pentasa® (prolonged-release mesalazine) in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

description: Pentasa<sup>®</sup> (prolonged-release mesalazine [5-ASA]) has been available for &gt;30 years as an effective treatment for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to provide an up-to-date evaluation of oral Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, from inception to 02-December-2020. Unpublished studies were also sourced. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model and Bayesian inference compared Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> (tablets, granules, capsules) against placebo and other 5-ASAs. Twelve studies involving 3,674 patients treated with Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> were identified. Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> 2-4g/day was superior to placebo at inducing (absolute risk difference [ARD] at 8 weeks 0.14, 95% CI 0.07‒0.21; p &lt; 0.001) and maintaining (ARD 6-12 months 0.18, 95% CI 0.04‒0.33; p &lt; 0.05) remission (clinical/endoscopic). Against other 5-ASAs, Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> had similar efficacy for induction (ARD &lt;0.001, 95% CI -0.05‒0.05) and maintenance (ARD 0.01, 95% CI -0.07‒0.08) treatment using randomized controlled trial data. Upon inclusion of real-world study data, Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> was significantly better at maintaining remission compared both to Eudragit-S mesalazine and sulfasalazine (ARD 0.04, 95% CI 0.02‒0.06; p &lt; 0.001). Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> (1-4g/day) had similar treatment-related adverse event rates to placebo (ARD 0.02, 95% CI -0.03‒0.06) and Eudragit-L/S mesalazines (2.25-3 vs 2.4-3g/day, respectively; ARD -0.03, 95% CI -0.12‒0.05), but was better tolerated than sulfasalazine (3g/day) (ARD 0.07, 95% CI 0.003‒0.14; p &lt; 0.05). This study confirms oral Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> is efficacious and well-tolerated in treating active UC and maintaining remission. The availability of multiple forms of Pentasa<b><sup>®</sup></b> supports physicians’ ability to individualize treatment and optimize dosing to improve outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16699243.v1
title: Effects of metreleptin in patients with lipodystrophy with and without baseline concomitant medication use

description: To evaluate the effects of metreleptin in distinct subgroups of patients with generalized lipodystrophy (GL) and partial lipodystrophy (PL), using multivariate linear regression modeling to account for the role of patients’ baseline usage of concomitant glucose and lipid-lowering medications and other covariates on their outcomes. A <i>post-hoc</i> statistical analysis of two published single-arm, interventional, phase 2 clinical trials at NIH was conducted. Concomitant medication use was assessed for the clinical trial population using prescription fill data, measured at baseline and the post-one year following metreleptin initiation. Pre-specified co-primary efficacy endpoints measured were change from baseline in HbA1c at month 12, and the percent change from baseline in fasting serum triglycerides (TG) at month 12. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted for the overall population, the separate populations with GL and PL, and additional PL subgroups defined by baseline metabolic markers of elevated HbA1c and elevated fasting TG. As previously reported, improvement in HbA1c and fasting TG from baseline to 12 months on metreleptin were observed in the overall population (mean change −1.57 percentage points and median change −37.9%, respectively) and subgroups. For both HbA1c and TG, baseline levels were significant predictors of changes after metreleptin. After considering baseline characteristics such as disease type, age, sex, and baseline HbA1c, baseline insulin use was not found to be a significant predictor of HbA1c improvement following metreleptin initiation. Similar results were seen for TG levels, with the use of any lipid-lowering medications at baseline not found to be a significant predictor of reductions in fasting TG levels. Patients treated with metreleptin experienced statistically significant improvement in metabolic markers of glycemic and hypertriglyceridemic control—e.g. HbA1c and triglyceride levels—across various subgroups after controlling for baseline characteristics and concomitant medication usage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16437285.v1
title: The diminishing cost-effectiveness of the newer glucose-lowering drug classes in the United States: 2010-2018

description: The difference between the costs of the newer and older glucose-lowering drugs (GLMs) has been steadily increasing since 2010. In 2018, newer drugs cost 8-12 times more than older drugs (except for insulin). This study aimed to understand how the cost change influenced the cost-effectiveness of the newer GLMs. Based on our previous literature review on US-based cost-effectiveness studies comparing newer (i.e., dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors) with older GLMs, we identified 12 studies that reported the cost-effectiveness of newer drugs based on drug costs estimated before 2010. We updated the corresponding cost-effectiveness of each study by replacing the old cost estimates with 2018 estimates from the 2018 IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Claims Databases. The time window and willingness to pay threshold were consistent with the original studies. Only 8% of the original studies suggested that the older drugs were cost-effective. However, 58% of studies were in favor of the older drugs after the cost update. Among the four studies comparing newer drugs with thiazolidinediones, all the original results favored newer drugs. However, all studies suggested thiazolidinedione to be cost-effective in the updated analysis. For the four studies comparing newer drugs with sulfonylureas, two studies suggested the sulfonylureas to be cost-effective after the cost update. All four studies suggested newer drugs to be cost-effective when compared with insulin in the original study. Only 1 flipped its conclusion when 2018 costs were used. Our sensitivity analysis shows that our results are robust under a 30% rebate. Significant changes in the cost of GLMs have impacted the economic value of different GLM classes substantially. More cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted to support the drug choice in T2DM management.