cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/191m-yv03
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Devils Hole Nevada DH11 Pleistocene Stable Isotope Data

description: This report presents the stable isotope values measured in Devils Hole Core DH-11 and interpolated ages at the depth the samples were taken, as analyzed in a recent publication by Winograd and others (1997).
description: Devils Hole is a tectonically formed cave developed in the discharge 
zone of a regional aquifer in south-central Nevada. (See Riggs, et al., 
1994.) The walls of this subaqueous cavern are coated with dense vein 
calcite which provides an ideal material for precise uranium-series 
dating via thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Devils Hole 
Core DH-11 is a 36-cm-long core of vein calcite from which we obtained 
an approximately 500,000-year-long continuous record of paleotemperature 
and other climatic proxies. Data from this core were recently used by 
Winograd and others (1997) to discuss the length and stability of the 
last four interglaciations. These data are given in table 1.

Carbon and oxygen stable isotopic ratios were measured on 285 samples
cut at regular intervals inward from the free face of the core 
(as reported in Winograd et al., 1992, and in Coplen et al., 1994). 
Table 1 lists only 284 samples because a sample taken at 114.28 mm was
eliminated when post-1994 reanalysis of its delta 18O value indicated
an error in the earlier determination. Carbon isotopic ratios are
reported in per mill (footnote #1) relative to VPDB, defined by
assigning a delta13C of +1.95 per mill to the reference material NBS
19 calcite. Oxygen isotopic ratios are reported relative to VSMOW
reference water on a scale normalized such that SLAP reference water 
is -55.5 per mill relative to VSMOW reference water. The oxygen isotopic
fractionation factors employed in this determination are those listed in
Coplen and others (1983). The delta 18O value of the isotopic reference 
material NBS 19 on this scale is +28.65 per mill. The ± 1 sd (standard 
deviation) error for the delta 18O and delta 13C analyses is ±0.07 
and 0.05 per mill, respectively.

Ages were estimated by linear interpolation between age control points
taken at key intervals in the core and analyzed by TIMS 230Th-234U-238U
dating. The age estimates in Table 1 are based on the original 21 control 
points (see Table 2 in Ludwig, et al., 1992, and Figure 2 in Winograd, 
et al., 1992) as well as for the recently obtained TIMS age of 
143.8±0.9 ka (2 sd analytical error) at 51.5 mm (Winograd, et al., 1997). 
The later sample was taken specifically for additional control in a 
critical portion of the core. Errors in the ages vary but are bounded
by the errors in the appropriate control points. (See Table 2 in Ludwig,
et al., 1992.) 

Footnote #1. For expressing isotopic results, we use the spelling 
"per mill" as recommended by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO, 1992).
DOI: 10.25921/1sy1-3e06
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Elsinore, California Holocene Grain Size Data

description: High-resolution terrestrial records of Holocene climate from Southern California are scarce. Moreover, there are no records of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability, a major driver of decadal to multi-decadal climate variability for the region, older than 1,000 years. Recent research on Lake Elsinore, however, has shown that the lake's sediments hold excellent potential for paleoenvironmental analysis and reconstruction. New 1-cm contiguous grain size data reveal a more complex Holocene climate history for Southern California than previously recognized at the site. A modern comparison between the twentieth century PDO index, lake level change, San Jacinto River discharge, and percent sand suggests that sand content is a reasonable, qualitative proxy for PDO-related, hydrologic variability at both multi-decadal-to-centennial as well as event (i.e. storm) timescales. A depositional model is proposed to explain the sand-hydrologic proxy. The sand-hydrologic proxy data reveal nine centennial-scale intervals of wet and dry climate throughout the Holocene. Percent total sand values >1.5 standard deviation above the 150-9,700 cal year BP average are frequent between 9,700 and 3,200 cal year BP (n = 41), but they are rare from 3,200 to 150 cal year BP (n = 6). This disparity is interpreted as a change in the frequency of exceptionally wet (high discharge) years and/or changes in large storm activity. A comparison to other regional hydrologic proxies (10 sites) shows more then occasional similarities across the region (i.e. 6 of 9 Elsinore wet intervals are present at >50% of the comparison sites). Only the early Holocene and the Little Ice Age intervals, however, are interpreted consistently across the region as uniformly wet (>=80% of the comparison sites). A comparison to two ENSO reconstructions indicates little, if any, correlation to the Elsinore data, suggesting that ENSO variability is not the predominant forcing of Holocene climate in Southern California.
description: Grain size and sand percentage data from sediments collected in Lake Elsinore, southern California, covering the past 9700 years.  

All data are reported as volume percent and divided into 10 grain-size intervals as well as d(0.1), d(0.5), d(0.9), %clay, %silt, %sand, and mode. The total percent sand data were standardized by subtracting the mean of the distribution (as calculated between 150 and 9,700 cal year BP) from each observation, and dividing the value by the standard deviation (as calculated between 150 and 9,700 cal-year BP). The standardization process creates a mean of zero with deviations from the mean in units of standard deviation. The standardized data were also binned into 50-year intervals to assess multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability.

Core LEGC03-3, Lake Elsinore, California: 33°40.395'N, 117°21.250'W, 4.9m depth, 379m asl.
DOI: 10.25921/1rgh-xa12
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sauchyn - Grizzly Ridge - PCMA - ITRDB CANA340

description: This study compared the hydroclimatic signals recorded in annually laminated (varved) sediments and tree rings within a small study area in the Selwyn Mountains of the southwestern Northwest Territories/southeastern Yukon Territory border region of Canada. The records were located immediately adjacent to each other and within 6 km of instrumental meteorological and hydrometric records, which permitted a detailed analysis of climate in the area from AD 1704 to 1996. This study explored the challenges of annually-resolved multi-proxy hydroclimate analyses and examined how best to interpret the climate record given the differences in proxy formation and the respective signals. The high-frequency (annual) variability from both proxies showed a good match for some parts of the record (e.g., mid-1700s and much of the 1900s) but revealed different sensitivities at other times (e.g., 1800s). However, both records contained a common low-frequency (decadal) summer climate signal. Glacier dynamics influenced varve formation through altered sediment availability during the inferred Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum ice stand in the catchment from AD 1778 to 1892 and subsequent recession after this maximum. As a result of reduced LIA sedimentation, July mean temperatures reconstructed from varve thickness during the 1800s were underestimated compared to the tree-ring estimates. Other instances of low-frequency divergence were apparent, particularly during parts of the twentieth century, despite the overall similarities. The extended varve record also provided a glacial history for the southern Selwyn Mountains, indicating probable glacier advances during AD 1300-1450 and AD 1600-1670, maximum ice stand during the 1800s, followed by twentieth-century recession.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/19zy-kb40
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bräker - Haslenau - PCAB - ITRDB SWIT249

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/1enk-j836
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Richter et al. 2009 Feni Drift Late Holocene Mg/Ca SST

description: Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios and oxygen isotopic compositions of a spliced sediment record from Feni Drift, NE Atlantic Ocean (box core M200309 and piston core ENAM9606) trace late Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity changes over the past 2400 years. At this location, the variability of SST and oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (δ18Ow) reflects variable northward advection of warm and saline surface waters, which appears linked to climate variability over the adjacent European continent. Our records reveal a general long-term cooling trend. Superimposed on this overall trend, partly higher temperatures and salinities from 180 to 560 AD and 750 to 1160 AD may be ascribed to the Roman and Medieval Warm Periods, respectively. Subsequently, our record displays highly variable surface water conditions; the main Little Ice Age SST minimum is restricted to the 15th and 16th centuries AD. Pervasive multidecadal- to centennial-scale variability throughout the sedimentary proxy records can be partly attributed to solar forcing and/or variable heat extraction from the surface ocean caused by shifts in the prevailing state of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). High salinities in the 17th and 18th centuries are considered to reflect tropical anomalies linked to a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, propagating across the North Atlantic Ocean.
DOI: 10.25921/15qr-9578
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ishiwatari et al. 1999 Japan Sea 30KYr Organic Geochemical Data

description: The organic and isotopic geochemical study of two sediment cores (KH-79-3, L-3, and KH-79-3, C-3) from the Oki Ridge in the Japan Sea has revealed that total organic carbon (TOC) mass accumulation rates are extremely high in the 12–11 ka (calendar age) interval and TOC in the sections in the 24–17 ka interval is depleted in 13C by 3.5‰ relative to Holocene sediments. Alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) shows a decrease from 18° to 14°C from 17.5 to 11.6 ka and a sharp increase from 14° to 19°C from 11.6 to 11.1 ka. The SST changes are associated with the inflow of cold seawater with the vertical water mixing and the inflowof warm Tsushima Current into the Japan Sea. The δ13C values for both 24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (diatom marker) and dinosterol (dinoflagellate marker), are at their minimum from 24 to 17 ka, while those for long-chain alkenones are not. The theoretical considerations on δ13C for biomarkers suggest low photosynthetic carbon demand of diatoms and dinoflagellates from 24 to 17 ka.
DOI: 10.25921/1bxp-6727
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Qinghai 17,000 Year Sediment Visible Reflectance Data

description: Qinghai Lake is a large saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of central Asia that is effected by both the Indian and Asian monsoons. We used reflectance spectroscopy to characterize the sediments in a 795-cm long core taken from the southeastern part of the lake. Sediment redness, which is related to iron oxide content, seems to monitor paleoclimatic changes in the core. Iron oxides appear to be eroded from nearby red beds or loess deposits and are transported by fluvial means into the lake. Thus, redness increases at times of increased precipitation, that is, as monsoon strength increases. Our redness monsoon proxy shows climate changes on several times scales. On a millennial scale, it records humid conditions during the Early and Mid-Holocene. From about 4200 to 2300 yr BP, low redness values suggest a two-millennial long dry period, which in the Late Holocene is followed by a more humid period.  On a centennial scale, the redness proxy records not only the Little Ice Age, but also the Medieval Warm Period, the Dark Ages Cool Period and the Roman Warm Period. Time series analysis of the redness record indicates a 200 yr frequency, which corresponds to the de Vries solar cycle suggesting that, in addition to insolation changes resulting from orbital variations, solar forcing also results from cyclic changes in the sun's luminosity.
description: Sediment optical properties (brightness and %redness) data from a core in Lake Qinghai, central China, for the last 17,000 years.  Sediment redness is a function of iron oxide content, eroded from nearby red beds or loess deposits, and thus is a proxy for increased precipitation and monsoon strength.

Lake Qinghai core location: 36° 32'N, 99° 36'E, 3260m elevation, 22.3m water depth.
DOI: 10.25921/11sy-5170
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stahle - Cerro la Pena - PSME - ITRDB MEXI044

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/1jee-nk75
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - St-Onge - River Lake - PIBN - ITRDB CANA290

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/1tv4-xm27
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wiles - Columbia Bay Chronology Old - TSME - ITRDB AK095

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/1q0q-3n75
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Korttajarvi, Finland 2000 Year Varved Sediment Data

description: High-resolution physical analyses (varve thickness and relative X-ray density) were conducted on a 3000-year varved sediment sequence in Lake Korttajarvi, central Finland. Climate and the local environment strongly influence the properties of the lake sediments, and, through a combination of physical proxies, severe and favourable climate periods and anthropogenic effects on sedimentation with an annual to decadal resolution could be detected. We observed previously identified historical climate periods in the Lake Korttajarvi varve record. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (often termed the Medieval Warm Period) of AD 980-1250, which is characterized by highly organic sediment and a minor minerogenic flux during mild winters, started and terminated abruptly, but also included a short (30-year) colder period lasting between AD 1115 and AD 1145. The Little Ice Age, however, was not clear in our record, although there were two minor cooling periods in AD 1580-1630 and AD 1650-1710. Natural variability in the sediment record was disrupted by increased human impact in the catchment area at AD 1720. There is a distinct positive anomaly in mineral matter accumulation between 907 and 875 BC, which indicates more severe climate conditions. This period exists contemporary with a cold event, recorded worldwide, c. 2800 years ago.
description: Sediment varve thickness and X-Ray density data from Lake Korttajarvi, central Finland.
DOI: 10.25921/1c8j-4a94
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wiles - Repeater Station - TSME - ITRDB AK128

description: Recent observations of divergence between tree growth at high-latitude sites and temperature, as well as the decline of yellow cedar [Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) Oerst. ex D.P. Little] in southeast Alaska due to warming, emphasize a need to investigate nonstationary climate response of Alaskan coastal forests to warming in other tree species.Comparison of annual tree growth in mountain hemlock [Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.)Carriere] to mean monthly temperature and precipitation data from Sitka, Alaska, from A.D. 1830s to 1990s along an elevational transect reveals nonstationarity in tree growth response to climate that suggests an ongoing biome shift.  We observe a marked weakening in the positive relationship between annual growth and warmer growth season temperatures at low-elevation hemlock sites, and a concurrent increase in growth and sensitivity at higher elevations coupled with increased correlation between growth and April precipitation at all sites along our transects. As previously observed with yellow cedar, the mechanism of the hemlock biome shift may be due to an increased susceptibility of roots to damage from late frosts resulting from earlier seasonal loss of protective snowpack.
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/11yw-c480
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mead 1995 Paleo Magnetic Timescales

description: Since the development of the first comprehensive Cenozoic geomagnetic polarity time scale in 1968, at least 11 additional time scales have been produced, potentially leading to confusion when comparing geologic studies using different time scales. This compilation correlates 12 different time scales published from 1968 to 1995, graphically and in tabular form, in order to enable geoscientists to compare studies dated on the basis of different time scales. The table and supporting documents are stored electronically on-line at the World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kfddav
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Indigofera hundtii Rossbach"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031876-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xunoui
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031223-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d4eg8y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3074 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is North America",
 "TaxonKey is Amaranthus spinosus L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3074 records from 197 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072097-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yv3u7b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 705008469 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is EOD – eBird Observation Dataset"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 705008469 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0222018-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gbwckq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Inula schmalhausenii C.Winkl."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031859-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.20nbof
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0081011-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jqf2hg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 804469 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "PublishingOrg is one of (5fa89f68-9af0-4a0d-8998-ea39695c1db9, 602f0aa0-1f3e-11da-9ae9-b8a03c50a862, 06bbd2a0-671b-11d8-b9b2-b8a03c50a862)",
 "TaxonKey is Aves"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 804469 records from 62 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0072081-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.aolgjw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1010182170 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{ }

 The dataset includes 1010182170 records from 20652 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0043264-180508205500799/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/gar-c81-20405
title: Joseph Kirkland, letter, 1888-06-09, to Hamlin Garland

description: Joseph Kirkland, Chicago Opera House Building, [West Washington Avenue and North Clark Street], Chicago, Illinois, USA, letter, 1888 June 9, to Hamlin Garland. "How often our letters!" -- first line.
DOI: 10.25549/gar-c81-20692
title: Harold Strong Latham, letter, 1927-11-21, to Hamlin Garland

description: Harold Strong Latham (The Macmillan Company), 60 5th Avenue, New York, New York, USA, letter, 1927 November 21, to Hamlin Garland, 507 Cathedral Parkway, New York, New York, USA. "Well, the unexpected has happened -- Thorndike questions the advisability of publishing the diaries in diary form." -- first line.