DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17569252
title: MARv3.14-MPI-ESM1-2-HR HIST European Alps (1961-2014)

description: This deposit contains MAR simulations over the European Alps domain (7 kilometers resolution) forced by the MPI-ESM1-2-HR GCM (CMIP6 version) for the historical period (HIST, 1961 to 2014). The version of the MAR model used is v.3.14, model set-up is described in Castellanos et al., 2025 (in prep as of 5th November 2025) Contact person : Ian Castellanos Dupuy (ian.castellanos-dupuy@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr), Martin Menegoz (martin.menegoz@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)The realization used is r1i1p1f1.Data are available at the daily frequency, with one variable per file (extract from the zipped file to get the yearly files).The available variables in this deposit are :

MB:  Total snow water equivalent, [mm.We]

TTz: Near-surface mean air temperature at constant-height, [C] (1)TTp: Constant pressure-level mean air temperature, [C] (2)ST:  Surface temperature, [C]TTmax: Near-surface maximum air temperature for the first model level above the surface (constant sigma), [C]TTmin: Near-surface minimum air temperature for the first model level above the surface (constant sigma),[C]

LWD: Surface downward longwave radiation, [W/m2]LWU: Surface upward longwave radiation, [W/m2]SWD: Surface downward shortwave radiation, [W/m2]SWU: Surface upward shortwave radiation, [W/m2]SHF: Surface sensible heat flux, [W/m2]  LHF: Surface latent heat flux, [W/m2]MBmTop: Melt in the top snow layer, [mmWe] MBrTop: Refreeze in the top snow layer, [mmWe]GF: Ground flux, [W/m2]HAcc: Heat accumulation in the top (snow or soil) layer, [W/m2]SWt: Shortwave radiation transmitted from top layer to the layer underneath, [W/m2]

Other variables are available upon request (see email above).AL : Surface albedo, [0-1]CC: Cloud cover, [0-1]CD: Low level Cloud cover, [0-1]CM: Middle level Cloud cover, [0-1]CU: High level Cloud cover, [0-1]SP:  Surface pressure, [hPa]TT:  Near-surface mean air temperature for the first three model level above the surface (constant sigma), [C] (3)MBrr: Daily rainfall, [mm.We] MBsf: Daily snowfall, [mm.We] QQz:  Near-surface specific humidity at constant height, [g/kg]  (1)UUz: Near-surface zonal component of wind speed at constant height, [m/s] (4)VVz: Near surface Meridional component of wind speed at constant height, [m/s] (4)ZN3: Total snow height, [m] (5)ZZ:  Surface geopotential for the first three model level above the surface (constant sigma), [m]

* Latitude(LAT), longitude(LON) and surface elevation (SH) of each grid point can be read in MARgrid_EUn.nc file

(1) For variables TTz, QQz constant height level is : 2m (can be available at 10m, 100m on request)(2) Variable TTp available at pressure levels : 850, 700, 600, 500, 200 hPa(3) For variable TT, ZZ model constant sigma level of 0.9997479(4) For variables UUz, VVz constant height level is : 10m(5) Snow height and snow water equivalent are available for three sectors which corresponds to three different vegetation types : The three vegetation types used can be read in the file MARgrid_EUn.nc, with the variable VEG and their respective fraction for each grid point is given by the variable FRV. The third vegetation type (sector=3) mostly corresponds to bare soil or low crops by default, but sometimes its fraction=0, which gives unrealistic low values of snow height. In this case, using the max. value on the axis sector often gives the best results.Legend of the vegetation type for the VEG variables : 0:NO_VEGETATION   1:CROPS_LOW   2:CROPS_MEDIUM   3:CROPS_HIGH   4:GRASS_LOW   5:GRASS_MEDIUM   6:GRASS_HIGH   7:BROADLEAF_LOW   8:BROADLEAF MEDIUM   9:BROADLEAF_HIGH  10:NEEDLELEAF_LOW  11:NEEDLELEAF MEDIUM  12:NEEDLELEAF_HIGH  13:City~