DOI: 10.5061/dryad.584g6qg
title: Data from: Female-biased dispersal and non-random gene flow of MC1R variants do not result in a migration load in barn owls

description: Non-random gene flow is a widely neglected force in evolution and ecology.
 This genotype-dependent dispersal is difficult to assess, yet can impact
 the genetic variation of natural populations and their fitness. In this
 work, we demonstrate a high immigration rate of barn owls (Tyto alba)
 inside a Swiss population surveyed during 15 years. Using 10
 microsatellite loci as an indirect method to characterize dispersal, two
 third of the genetic tests failed to detect a female-biased dispersal, and
 Monte-Carlo simulations confirmed a low statistical power to detect
 sex-biased dispersal in case of high dispersal rate of both sexes. The
 capture-recapture data revealed a female-biased dispersal associated with
 an excess of heterozygote for the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R),
 which is responsible for their ventral rufous coloration. Thus, female
 homozygotes for the MC1R_white allele might be negatively selected during
 dispersal. Despite the higher immigration of females that are heterozygote
 at MC1R, non-random gene flow should not lead to a migration load
 regarding this gene because we did not detect an effect of MC1R on
 survival and reproductive success in our local population. The present
 study highlights the usefulness of using multiple methods to correctly
 decrypt dispersal and gene flow. Moreover, despite theoretical
 expectations, we show that non-random dispersal of particular genotypes
 does not necessarily lead to migration load in recipient populations.
description: Input Fitness
 dataFitness data used for
 the reproductive success analysis. Columns: BroodID (ID of the brood = the
 same ID is attributed to the father and mother of the brood); SiteID (ID
 of the site); Year (1998 to 2016); Laying date (julian date); Clutch size
 (clutch size before crossfostering if there is crossfostering); Clutch
 sizeII (can be different from clutchsize if there is crossfostering and if
 the number of crossfostered eggs between clutches is different; this
 variable was used for the fledging success); Cross (crossfostering, yes or
 no); Fledglings (number of fledglings); Deadnestlings (number of dead
 nestlings); Ring (ring of the mother or father); sex (1 = male/father; 2 =
 female/mother); MC1R (II = homozygote for the rufous allele; VI =
 heterozygote; VV = homozygote for the white allele); MC1R.2 (II and VI
 genotypes are grouped and II genotypes are renamed VI); Status (Imm =
 immigrant/born outstide the study area; Res = resident/born inside the
 study area).Input_Fitness.txtInput Genetic dataGenetic data used for the genetic analyses. Columns: year (1998 to 2012); bird ring (ID); sex (1 = male; 2 = female), immigrant status (1 = immigrant/born oustide the study area; 0 = resident/born inside the study area); V126I (MC1R, II = ho for the rufous allele; VI = he; VV = ho for the white allele); 10 microsatellites (diploid).Input_hierfstat.txtCensusData Survival AnalysisCensus data used for the survival analysis. Columns: ID (bird ring); Birth (birth year); census data; sex (F = female; M = male); MC1R (II = ho for the rufous allele; VI = he; VV = ho for the white allele); status (Res = resident/born inside the study area; Imm = immigrant/born outside the study area).CensusData_SurvivalAnalysis.txt