cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3548
title: Missionaries Anders Rustad and Anders Olsen crossing a wooden bridge, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Rustad og Olsen" ("Rustad and Olsen"). Picture taken on a travel from Tananarvie to Tamatave. This bridge has a wooden construction.  Anders Johannessen Rustad is sitting in the first filanjana which is carried by four indigenous men. Anders Antonio Olsen is sitting in the second filanjana. See also A13-663.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2654
title: Woman plaiting, making hats, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "En der laver hatte" ("Someone making hats").
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2913
title: "Lioma" music band, Midongy, Madagascar, 1900

description: "Midongys musikkorps" ("Midongy's band"). Johannes Einrem worked from this mission Station, built on the top of a little mountain. The name Midongy Ouest is also used.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2410
title: Zebu ox with humpback, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "En Udstillings okse" ("An Exhibition ox").  Zebu ox with humpback at a colonial exhibition (fairs, exhibitions, ... events).; Note: Used for national and international fairs exhibiting the material culture and products of colonies and colonized people, with the general aim of promoting the colonization activities of nations or organizations; held from the mid- 19th until the mid-20th centuries, especially in Great Britain and France.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3291
title: Girls from Antsahamanitra Girls' School playing in the courtyard, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Asylpiger Tan." ("Girls from Antsahamanitra Girls' School, Tananarive").  Two teachers are among the girls. One of them is a deaconess. Anna Birgithe Hafstad was a missionary in Madagascar from 1892-1901. Inga Valborg Anderssen was a missionary in Madagascar from 1882-1912.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2843
title: Rasanany, a teacher together with his family and Lars Meling, Antsahamanitra, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1902

description: "Rasanany med familie og Lars Meling" ("Rasanany together with his family and Lars Meling"). As a child Rasanany was at  Borchgrevinks Boys' School and his wife was at the Girls' School. Rasanany  was very musical and was the organist in Ambatovinaky Church for several years. He became a teacher and moved to Ambohimasina in 1902.; Christian Doederlein Borchgrevink 1841-1919, was a missionary in Madagascar from 1869-1912. He married Johanna Christiane Wang 1836-1924, in Tamatave on September 4, 1870.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3394
title: Distant view of Ambohimasina Mission Station, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Ambohimasina". A distant view of the mission station including the church and surrounding buildings. Founded by David Egenaes in 1870.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2795
title: Jules Pochard together with students at Antsirabe Boys' School, Madagascar, ca.1902

description: "J.Pochard med sine elever paa Antsirabe" ("J.Pochard together with his students in Antsirabe").  Jules Pochard was born in France and was a missionary in Madagascar from 1897-1903 and from 1906-1937. They are sitting in the front of the Normal School building.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1829
title: Hova man wearing a lamba, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: "Hova". Standing in front of a brick column is a man with a beard and wearing a lamba.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3400
title: Travelers on road through rain forest, Madagascar, 1901

description: "I storskoven" ("In the rain forest"). Literally: "In the big forest". Picture taken on a travel from Tananarive to Tamatave. Large size in A15 page 6.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2792
title: Guest house seen from the north side, Antsirabe, Madagascar, 1900

description: "Sanatoriet paa Antsirabe, seet fra nord" ("Guest house in Antsirabe, seen from the north side").  It was built in 1888 and demolished in 1974. Used by vistors to the warm springs at Antsirabe. In 1929 the house was used by the Norwegian School for missionary kids.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3549
title: Traveling over a wooden bridge,  Madagascar, 1901

description: Picture taken on a travel from Tananarive to Tamatave. This bridge has a wooden construction. See also A13-662.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2827
title: Confirmants Rasoarivelo and Razafindrainibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Rasoarivelo og Razafindrainibe" ( "Rasoarivelo and Razafindrainibe"). Rasoarivelo is on the left. They are both from Antsahamanitra Girls' School.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3126
title: Justice Hall, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Dommerhallen. Tan." ("Justice Hall. Tananarive"). This building stands to the north of the Rova and near to the palace of the Prime Minister with great view both to the east and to the west..
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2811
title: Missionary conference in Loharano, Madagascar, 1904

description: "Konferentsen paa Loharano 1904" ("Conference in Loharano 1904").; Sitting from the left:Lindoe, Mrs. Lindoe, Mrs.Rosaas, T. Rosaas and a little to the right: O.Jensenius. Standing first row from the left: J.Smith, Stokstad, Thomas Joergensen, Josef Nilsen, Inger Nilsen, Mette Rustad, Bernt Svendsen, Buchsenschutz, Christiane Svendsen, Rustad, Johannes Johnson, L.Meling, Moerland, H.Smith, Robertstad, A.Pedersen, Nikolaisen. Standing second row from left: T.A. Thorbjoernsen, Dina Thorbjoernsen, Marie Foereid, Thesen, Borchgrevink, Mrs.Thesen, Mrs. Borchgrevink, Johanne Rosaas, Ragnhild Andreassen, Erlandsen, Rustad, N.Wiig, Hodnefjeld, Horne, Karlsen-Lund, Thunem, Parrot, L.Heimbeck, A. Olsen, L.Larsen (Parrot).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2004
title: Huge tree with two people standing in front, Mahazoarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: This garden could be from Mahazoarivo. Both the man and woman standing in front of the tree are dressed up.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3043
title: Ragnhild Andreassen together with healthy children from leprous parents, Ambohipiantrana, Antsirabe, Madagascar, 1901

description: The home for healthy children of leprous parents was at Mangarivotra, near the home of the deaconesses. Ragnhild Omunda Andreassen, maiden name Haerem, was married to Michael Andreassen. He was a missionary in Madagascar from 1887-1892. Ragnhild Omunda Andreassen became a deaconess and worked in Madagascar after her husband's death She returned to Norway in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2863
title: Ole Klanderud with horse and cariole, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1896

description: "Klanderud med sin karjol lavet paa Ranovelona" ("Klanderud with his cariole made in Ranovelona").  Ole Klanderud was a carpenter. He managed the technical school in Andranovelona, near Ambohimasina from 1892-1900. The cariole was given as a gift to Queen Ranavalona III. The cariole was a prize winning item. He married Maren Olsdatter 1854-1920, in Norway on December 26, 1878.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2822
title: Hans Rabeony and Razafy with family, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Pastor Rabehony med familie" ("Pastor Rabehony together with his family"). Hans Rabeony was educated at the School of Mission and Theology, 1883-1886, in Stavanger, Norway. He married Razafy the Easter of 1886. Famous Church leader and editor of the monthly church magazine "Ny Mpamangy"- "The Visitor" for a long period. He visited Norway in 1937. Died in February 1956 and his funeral was on February 5th.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2829
title: Ilempona Church, exterior view, Antanifotsy, Loharano district, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Ilempona kirke (biforsamling til Loharano)" ("Ilempona Church (belonging  to Loharano)"). Later becoming Antanifotsy district. The congregation is gathered outside the church building. The roof of the brick church is made of straw.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2886
title: Two women in mourning, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Kvinner i sorg med utslaatt haar" ("Women mourning, their hair hanging loose").
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2122
title: Ambohipiantrana home at Mangarivotra for children with leprous parents, Antsirabe, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: The home is located at Mangarivotra close to the deaconesses home. Ragnhild Omunda Andreassen, maiden name Haerem, was a deaconess at Ambohipiantrana, the home for the leprous, near Antsirabe. She was married to Michael Andreassen 1858-1892 and returned to Norway for good in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3937
title: Traveling with carriers and luggage, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Mpilanja" ("Carriers"). -- Common method of transportation for those who could afford it.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1974
title: Street in the Andohalo Park, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: A fine streeet with beautiful fences along  the park and  along the slope.  Above to the right the Anglican Church is barely seen. The stairs up to the church are the exact  same today (2004). The Catholic Cathedral is visible in the left part of the picture.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3935
title: A herd of zebu cattle by a riverbed near Ambohimasina, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Fra Ambohimasina" ("From Ambohimasina"). A herd of Zebu cattle
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m4190
title: Manandona Mission Station, Madagascar, ca.1880

description: "Manandona". Manandona mission station in the Manadona valley south of Antsirabe.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2804
title: Tsiafahy Church, interior view,  Antsirabe, Madagscar, [s.d.]

description: "Det indre af kirken i Tsiafahy" ("Tsiafahy Church's interior"). To the north west of Antsirabe
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1873
title: Altar and front part of the Anglican Ambohimanoro Cathedral decorated for celebration, Andohalo, Ambohimanoro,  Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: In the picture above the altar we can read: "Ny Teny Tonga Nofo" which is translated to "The Word became flesh".  It is quite possible this is the Anglican Church in Andohalo, the  Ambohimanoro Cathedral. This stone church was built in 1882-1889 by a Norwegian engineer named Alfred Anker.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1876
title: Hospital garden in Andohalo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: There are some stairs leading into the garden from the hospital where there are some benches and flowers. While sitting in the garden one has a good view of the hospital porches. The kitchen is in the building in the foreground.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2903
title: Church interior, Betafo , Madagascar, 1900

description: "Inter. af kirken Betafo" ("Betafo Church interior").
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3041
title: Leprous patients gathered outside the church, Ambohipiantrana, Antsirabe, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Spedalske paa Ambohipiantrana. Sirabe" ("Leprous at Ambohipiantrana. Sirabe"). The leprosy home was used until 1916 when they moved from Ambohipiantrana to Mangarano. See A03Ma-148 and A13Ma-571.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2003
title: Garden full of mango trees, Mahazoarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: This garden is most likely from Mahazoarivo.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2448
title: Lac Anosy and the heights of Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d]

description: "Tananarive, Anosy-sjoeen. Bildet tatt fra Isoraka-loftet" ("Lac Anosy and the heights of Tananarive. The picture is taken from the Isoraka loft").  To the left the Norwegian Church in Ambatovinaky. In the middle the Catholic church at Andohalo. The large building in the middle is St. Michel, a Catholic institution for higher education. It was inaugurated in 1898. To the right the palace "Manjakaniadana" or "Rova".
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2930
title: School of Mission and Theology's graduating students year of 1892, Stavanger, Norway, 1892

description: Graduation class of pastors 1887-1892.  They were ordained by Bishop Heuch in St. Petri Church, Stavanger, Norway on July 13, 1892. The Norwegian name of the school at this time was "Missionsskolen" later "Misjonsskolen" and "Misjonshøgskolen"; First row in front to the left: Lars Martin Titlestad, missionary in South Africa 1893-1938, Carl Peter Oestbye, missionary in Madagascar 1892-1898, Carl Fredrik Bjertnes, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1927, Karl Schoening, Johannes Einrem, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1933, Bjoern Elle, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1925.; Second row from left: Johan Othelius Bang, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1901, Ole Jensenius 1892-1918, Peder Aage Roedseth, missionary in South Africa 1893-1939, Markus J. Horne, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1927, Andreas Moerland, missionary in Madagascar 1892-1928, Edvard Fagereng, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1896, Nils Hylen, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1894, Peter Andreas Gotfred Petersen, missionary in Madagascar 1893-1900, Mons Loenoe, missionary in Madagascar 1892-1917.; Karl Schoening was a teacher at the School of Mission and Theology from 1876 and principal from 1878-1892. Carl Peter Oestbye, missionary in Madagascar 1892-1898 was not a student at the School of Mission and Theology the year of 1892. He had a Bachelor of Divinity, but was ordained  together with the others in St.Petri Church in 1892.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m5288
title: Malagasy woman with her five children, Madagascar, ca.1934

description: Two of the children are sitting on pillows made of rush. One of the youngest children is holding a book.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m4081
title: Bethel Mission Station, the church , Morondava, Madagascar, ca.1886

description: "Kirken paa Bethel restaurert efter orkanen, Morondava. A.Olsen" ("Bethel church rebuilt after a hurricane, Morondava. A. Olsen").  This is the first wooden church in West Madagascar and was founded by Reinert Larsen Aas in 1882. He was a missionary in Madagascar from 1880-1907. He was married in Morondava on August 30, 1882 with Ingeborg, maiden name Olsdatter Fatnes. She died in Morondava on November 25, 1884. In Tulear on October 25, 1886 he married Ellen Sofie Bertelsen 1851-1934. Her maiden name was Olsen (Sauren). --  Elling Andreas Bertelsen (Jellereite) was a missionary in Madagascar from 1880-1883. He died in Morondava on June 17, 1883. He married Ellen Sofie 1851-1934, maiden name Olsen (Sauren) in Umpumulo in Natal on August 8, 1882. After Elling Andreas's death she married Reinert Larsen Aas in Tulear on October 25, 1886.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2909
title: Mission Station, Ambato, Madagascar, 1900

description: "V.h.Ambato" ("Ambato Mission Station"). The complete name in Malagasy is Ambatofinandrahana.Very large house built by the missionary Peder Eilert Nilsen-Lund.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2114
title: Prize winning sheep at an exhibition, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: This is a prize winning sheep and has won first prize at the exhibition.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1836
title: Tanala men, Tanala, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: "Tanala". These men are wearing lamba and are sitting in front of their homes which are made of  rush.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3134
title: The palace's old and new portal, Rova, Antananarivo, 1901

description: "Gammel og ny port. Slottet Tan." ("The old and new portal. Palace in Tananarive"). The old portal was built with wooden materials and the new one built  with cut stones.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2707
title: Confirmants from Antsahamanitra Girls' School, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1899

description: "Konfirmander fra aaret 1899" ("Confirmants the year of 1899"). Standing no.2 from the left:Razafindrabodo, no.5:Fredrikke Lehman. Razafindrabodo was a supervisor at Betafo. One of her daughters married pastor Rajosefa Rakotovao. Antsahamanitra was a Girls' School from 1870-1912.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3399
title: Travelers on road through rain forest, Madagascar, 1901

description: "I storskoven" ("In the rain forest"). Literally: "In the big forest". Picture taken on a travel from Tananarive to Tamatave. Large size in A15 page 7
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2788
title: Youth group in Ambatovinaky, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1902

description: "Ungdomsforeningen paa Ambatovinaky" ("Youth group in Ambatovinaky").; Sitting first row to the left: Pastor Hans Rabeony.  Behind him: Thomas Joergensen, a missionary in Madagascar from 1897-1947. Married Aagot Kjeldseth in Tananarive on December 28, 1898.  She was a missionary in Madagascar from 1896-1907. Also behind Rabeony is Hesselina de Groot (standing), a missionary in Madagascar from 1901-1907. In front of right column is Karen Schaanning 1874-1940, a missionary in Madagascar from 1901-1940. At the back between the columns no.4 from the right: Ramalanjona (Ramala) a teacher.  Standing in back no. 3 from the right: Sigrid Rainivelo and sitting  in front of her is Raliza.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1877
title: Hospital garden in Andohalo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: From the northern part of the kitchen building we see the stone fence and the banana palms in the garden.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3074
title: Ramainandro waterfall, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Ramainandrofossen" ("Ramainandro waterfall"). See also A13Ma/589. Near Faratsiho.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2796
title: Knud and Franziska Lindoe on the porch of their home at the Theological Seminary Ivory, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar, ca.1902

description: "Pastor Lindoe's hus paa Ivory (Fianarantsoa)" ("Pastor Lindoe's house Ivory (Fianarantsoa)").  Standing on top of the stairs: Franziska Lindoe, maiden name Franzen, a missionary in Madagascar from 1882-1908. She married Knud Lindoe on July 5, 1884 in Madagascar. Standing next to F.Lindoe is Knud Lindoe, a missionary in Madagascar from 1874-1908. His first wife Agnethe Christiansdatter Bakkerud was born in 1849 and died in Tananarive on January 25,1882.; There are flags along the railings on the porch.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3350
title: Malagasy woman, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: "Kristne gasserpiger" ("Christian Malagasy women").  This text also refers to the next picture in this album A13-621.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3234
title: View of the Anglican Cathedral and Place Jean Laborde, Andohalo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Place Jean Laborde. Tan." ("Place Jean Laborde. Tananarive"). To the right is the Anglican Cathedral, Ambohimanoro. The French created an elegant park with a pavilion. Parts of the park still exist today. The Cathedral was built by a Norwegian engineer Alfred Anker in the years 1882-1889.See A241-286
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2884
title: Bara Chief Ramieba, Bara, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Den siste barakonge Ramieba i full stas" ("The last Bara Chief Ramieba in his uniform"). Ramieba died on November 28, 1908. He is wearing a very special hat which belongs to his uniform.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m1875
title: Hospital garden in Andohalo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: There are some stairs leading into the garden from the hospital where there are some benches and flowers.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3546
title: Pangalan canal,  Madagascar, 1901

description: "Pangalan kanalen" ("Pangalan canal").  French: Canal des Pangalanes -Big project linking up Tamatave to the towns southward right to Manakara also using the lagoons by connecting them with canals like this one. Picture taken on a travel from Tananarive to Tamatave.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2118
title: Beach at Vatomandry, Madagascar, 1895

description: "Bay ved Vatomandry (1895)"  ("Bay at Vatomandry (1895)").  The sea is vaguely seen in the background. The area along the beach is very shrubbery.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2927
title: Midongy mountain and valley, Midongy, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Midongys henrettelsesplass" ("Midongy's place of execution"). People would be thrown from the top of the mountain when executed.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3004
title: Malagasy wedding, Antsirabe, Madagascar, 1901

description: "I anl. et bryllup Sirabe" ("A wedding in Sirabe"). I anl. = i anledning av: meaning: due to a wedding being held, this picture was taken.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3039
title: Teachers school, Antsirabe, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Skolehuset Sirabe" ("The school building Sirabe"). Teachers school, "Ecole Normale" in French. The tower in the right corner  belongs to an earlier school building in front of  the Mission Station. The tower has often been mistaken to be the church tower..
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2834
title: Ambohimanga, Royal  Palace, Madagascar, ca.1902

description: "Fra Ambohimanga" ("From Ambohimanga"). This Royal Palace is built with wooden material. Pastor Hans Rabeony is sitting on the steps. Hans Rabeony was the adopted son of Christian and Johanna Borchgrevink.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2907
title: Mission Station, Loharano, Madagascar, 1900

description: "V.h. Loharano" ("Loharano Mission Station"). V.h. stands  for Vaaningshuset = the Living house. The railing on the porch of the building is made of wood.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3545
title: Canoes on the river bank near Ambodisiny, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Ved Ambodisiny" ("Near Ambodisiny"). In Malagasy canoe is "lakana". Picture taken on a travel from Tananarive to Tamatave.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m4125
title: Toliara market place, Madagascar, [s.d.]

description: "(12) - Tulear - Les Marchés" ("(12) - Tulear market place"). Postcard
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3070
title: Monument for Benjamin Escande and Paul Minault, Ambatondradama, Madagascar,1901

description: "Mindestoette hvor Escande og Minault blev draebt" ("Monument where Escande and Minault were killed"). Two French Protestant pastors whom were murdered by the rebels on May 21, 1897 in Ambatondradama. See also A02Ma/111, A06Ma/413 and A13Ma/584. Ambatondradama is near to Ramainandro where Escande and Minault's graves are.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3038
title: Tritriva crater lake, Antsirabe, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Del af Tritrivakrateret. Sirabe" ("Part of the Tritriva crater. Sirabe"). There are several written legends about this crater lake. 20 km to the south west of the town Antsirabe in the Vakinankaratra region.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3393
title: Ambohimasina Mission Station, Madagascar, 1901

description: "Ambohimasina station" ("Ambohimasina Mission Station"). Founded by David Egenaes in 1870.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2701
title: Bara man holding a spear, Bara,  Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "En bara" ("A bara man"). This man has a special hair style and clothing.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3547
title: Street scene in Toamasina,  Madagascar, 1901

description: "I Tamatave" ("In Tamatave"). French style colonial buildings. Picture taken on a travel from Tananarive to Tamatave.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2743
title: Valiha instrument, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "En vahilaspiller" ("A vahila musician"). The man and the boy are sitting among bricks. They are wearing lamba. The instrument is made of bamboo.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2435
title: Interior of Ambatovinaky Lutheran Church with altar and pulpit, Antananarivo, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Ambatovinaky kirke Tananarive" ("Ambatovinaky Church Tananarive") . Same as glassplate negative BGN 143.; The church was inaguarated in 1875. It was built by T. Rosaas and J. Engh.  The floor in the church is somewhat covered with mats. The altar is decorated with banana palms. We can also see the baptismal font. In front to the right is a board with the song numbers.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3007
title: Close-up view of Ambohimasina Mission Station, Ambohimasina, Madagascar, 1901

description: "V.h. Ambohimasina" ("Ambohimasina Mission Station"). This mission station was founded by David Egenaes (1838-1921) in 1870. He stayed here to he left Madagascar 1901. Johan Smith is standing up on the balcony. He was a missionary in Madagascar from 1887-1919.  During this time he managed Ambohimasina Mission Station from 1898-1907. He married Kunda 1863-1892, maiden name Helliesen Bertelsen. She died in Ihosy on December 11, 1892.  Johan Smith married Nikoline (Lina) Johanne 1860-1938, in Ambohimasina on December 11, 1894.  She was a missionary in Madagascar from 1886-1919. Died in Oslo, Norway on September 15, 1938.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2704
title: Boys playing a Malagasy version of a children's game,  Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Gassisk leg" ("Malagasy games"). Same image in NMS A04Ma-471 with the text "Bro - bro brille".
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2824
title: Ratomponirainy, from Antsahamanitra Girls' School, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: "Ratomponirainy".
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m2851
title: Benjamin Escande and Paul Minault's graves, Madagascar, ca.1900

description: Two French Protestant pastors whom were murdered by the rebels on May 21, 1897 in Ambatondradama.  See also A02-111and A06-413. Ambatondradama is near to Ramainandro where Escande and Minault's graves are.