DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnw36
title: Data and code for: Plastic and quantitative genetic divergence mirror environmental gradients among wild, fragmented populations of Impatiens capensis

description: Premise of the study: Habitat fragmentation generates molecular genetic
 divergence among isolated populations but few studies have assessed
 phenotypic divergence and fitness in populations where the genetic
 consequences of habitat fragmentation are known. Phenotypic divergence
 could reflect plasticity, local adaptation, and/or genetic drift. Methods:
 We examined patterns and potential drivers of phenotypic divergence among
 12 populations of jewelweed (Impatiens capensis Meerb.) that show strong
 molecular genetic signals of isolation and drift among fragmented
 habitats. We measured morphological and reproductive traits in both
 maternal plants within natural populations and their self-fertilized
 progeny grown together in a common garden. We also quantified
 environmental divergence between home sites and the common garden. Key
 results: Populations with less molecular genetic variation expressed less
 maternal phenotypic variation. Progeny in the common garden converged in
 phenotypes relative to their wild mothers but retained among-population
 differences in morphology, survival, and reproduction. Among-population
 phenotypic variance was 3-10x greater in home sites than in the common
 garden for 6 of 7 morphological traits measured. Patterns of phenotypic
 divergence paralleled environmental gradients in ways suggestive of
 adaptation. Progeny resembled their mothers less as the environmental
 distance between their home site and the common garden increased.
 Conclusions: Despite strong molecular signatures of isolation and drift,
 phenotypic differences among these Impatiens populations appear to reflect
 both adaptive quantitative genetic divergence and plasticity. Quantifying
 the extent of local adaptation and plasticity and how these covary with
 molecular and phenotypic variation help us predict when populations may
 lose their adaptive capacity. 
description: Detailed methods are available in the README for this data
 package. Briefly - Morphological data (height, stem
 diameter, leaf size and shape traits) and reproductive output data were
 collected on 96 <em>Impatiens capensis </em>plants in each of
 12 remote home field sites in southern/central Wisconsin. Cleistogamous
 seeds were collected from a subset of these mother plants, germinated in a
 greenhouse, and grown in a common garden for their lifetime.  In the
 common garden, the same morphological data were collected as on the
 mothers and lifetime reproductive output was recorded.  Climate, soils,
 and canopy openness environmental data were collected or downloaded for
 each of the 12 remote home field sites and the common garden.
description: impatiens_phenotypic_diversity.zip This repository contains all of the raw data and code for the paper:<br>Toczydlowski, R. H., and Waller, D. M. 2021. Plastic and quantitative genetic divergence mirror environmental gradients among wild, fragmented populations of <em>Impatiens capensis. </em><em>American Journal of Botany</em>, <em>109</em>, 99-114.<br><br>A dynamic version of most (but not all, due to space limitations) of this data package is also housed in a git repository on BitBucket at:<br>https://bitbucket.org/toczydlowski/impatiens_phenotypic_diversity