DOI: 10.3886/icpsr37925
title: Multicity Study of the Impact of Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Oakland, California Metropolitan Areas, 2016-2018
title: Archival Version

description: The Multicity Study of the Impact of Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages was a multi-year study intended to provide comprehensive information about the impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on retail prices, purchases, and consumption. The study was conducted in two cities that recently implemented an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages: Philadelphia, PA and Oakland, CA.
The study consists of six datasets, with three datasets covering Philadelphia and three covering Oakland. The store observation data contain price information for sodas, juices, and other beverages. The purchase datasets contain information from survey questions fielded at stores, including basic demographic information (race and ethnicity, gender, income), the number of people in the participant's household, and how often they shop for beverages at that store and others. The household datasets contain information from survey questions fielded during the household beverages consumption survey; it includes demographic information and beverage consumption information for a household adult and a household child.
The study also included an analysis of strategic responses to the taxes, including cross-border shopping by consumers, and retailers changing the availability of various beverages.
description: Over the course of the last decade, excise taxes on beverages with added sugar have been adopted by dozens of countries, as well as several cities and localities within the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on retail prices, purchases, and consumption. The research examined how Philadelphia and Oakland residents' consumption and purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages changed after the taxes went into effect. as well as how retailers responded to the taxes through changes in pricing, advertising, and product availability.
description: Three sets of data for each city (for a total of six data sets) were collected: 1) in person observations of prices, product availability, and advertising at stores in the study cities and comparison communities, 2) cross-sectional data from consumers at stores in the study cities and comparison communities about their beverage purchases prior to and after implementation of the tax, and 3) a household survey of beverage consumption prior to and after implementation of the tax among adults and children living in the study cities and the comparison communities.
description: <strong>Dataset 1</strong>
In-person observations of prices
Product availability
Advertising at stores
<strong>Dataset 2</strong>
Consumer beverage purchases prior to implementation of the tax
Consumer beverage purchases after implementation of the tax
<strong>Dataset 3</strong>
Consumer beverage consumption prior to implementation of the tax
Consumer beverage consumption after implementation of the tax
description: The purchase and household survey data files contain sample weights. The sample weights take into account the multistage sample design, which begins with the selection of stores. The weights reflect the probability that the store was selected for our sample. The purchase sample weights (<strong>INTERCEPTWT</strong>) reflect the probability that the consumer was selected within each sampled store and take into account nonresponse for both stores and consumers. The household sample weights (<strong>HHRESPWT</strong>) account for sample design, oversampling, and nonresponse at the household level.
description: The data collection followed a nested design in which the researchers collected data from stores, consumers, and households in the study cities and comparison communities adjacent to the cities before and after implementation of the tax. The researchers first selected stores, then selected adult customers exiting those stores for interviews, and finally identified customers living in households with children to participate in the household survey. The researchers selected a representative set of stores, based on sales volume, in the study cities and a matched comparison group of stores in the comparison communities. The sample of stores provided the location for recruitment of consumers and households to participate in the next two phases of data collection.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Philadelphia Store Observation Data
DS2: Philadelphia Purchase Data
DS3: Philadelphia Household Data
DS4: Oakland Store Observation Data
DS5: Oakland Purchase Data
DS6: Oakland Household Data
description: Store observation data: sample of retail stores in Oakland and Philadelphia and surrounding comparison communities 
 Purchase data: sample of adult consumers who made purchases at sample stores in Oakland and Philadelphia and surrounding comparison communities 
 Household data: sample of adults (aged 18 or more) and children (aged 2-17 years) living in households with at least one child stores in Oakland and Philadelphia and surrounding comparison communities . Smallest Geographic Unit: City
description: computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI); coded on-site observation; face-to-face interview; telephone interviewFor additional information on the Multicity Study of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, please visit the Multi-City Evaluation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Taxes website.