DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6q9x
title: Both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators impact mosquito populations and have implications for disease transmission

description: Predator-prey interactions influence prey traits through both consumptive
 and non-consumptive effects, and variation in these traits can shape
 vector-borne disease dynamics. Meta-analysis methods were employed to
 generate predation effect sizes by different categories of predators and
 mosquito prey. This analysis showed that multiple families of aquatic
 predators are effective in consumptively reducing mosquito survival, and
 that the survival of Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes is negatively
 impacted by consumptive effects of predators. Mosquito larval size was
 found to play a more important role in explaining the heterogeneity of
 consumptive effects from predators than mosquito genus. Mosquito survival
 and body size were reduced by non-consumptive effects of predators, but
 development time was not significantly impacted. In addition, Culex
 vectors demonstrated predator avoidance behavior during oviposition. The
 results of this meta-analysis suggest that predators limit disease
 transmission by reducing both vector survival and vector size, and that
 associations between drought and human West Nile virus cases could be
 driven by the vector behavior of predator avoidance during oviposition.
 These findings are likely to be useful to infectious disease modelers who
 rely on vector traits as predictors of transmission.
description: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies on
 predation of mosquitoes that were published between 1970 and July 1, 2019
 using both PubMed® and Web of ScienceTM search engines, according to the
 PRISMA protocol (Moher et al., 2009). The search returned 1,136 studies,
 and after abstract screening using the “metagear” package in R
 (Lajeunesse, 2016, R Core Team, 2020), 306 studies remained. These studies
 were fully reviewed, and data from sixty studies were included in the
 final database of predator effects on mosquitoes.
 Meta-analysis methods were used to assess the consumptive and
 non-consumptive effects of predators on different mosquito traits. All
 analyses were conducted in R version 4.0.2 (R Core Team, 2020). Data
 exclusion steps rely on functions from the “tidyverse” package (Wickham et
 al., 2019), and meta-analysis steps, including calculating effect sizes,
 evaluating heterogeneity, assessing publication bias, and testing
 moderators, rely on functions from the “metafor” package (Viechtbauer,
 2010).
 <strong>References:</strong>
 LAJEUNESSE, M. J. 2016. Facilitating systematic reviews, data
 extraction and meta-analysis with the metagear package for r.
 <i>Methods in Ecology and Evolution,</i> 7<b>,</b>
 323-330. MOHER, D.,
 LIBERATI, A., TETZLAFF, J. & ALTMAN, D. G. 2009. Preferred
 reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA
 statement. <i>BMJ,</i> 339<b>,</b>
 b2535. R CORE TEAM 2020.
 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria:
 R Foundation for Statistical Computing. VIECHTBAUER, W.
 2010. Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package.
 <i>Journal of Statistical Software,</i> 36<b>,</b>
 1-48. WICKHAM, H., AVERICK, M., BRYAN, J., CHANG, W., MCGOWAN, L., FRANÇOIS, R., GROLEMUND, G., HAYES, A., HENRY, L., HESTER, J., KUHN, M., PEDERSEN, T., MILLER, E., BACHE, S., MÜLLER, K., OOMS, J., ROBINSON, D., SEIDEL, D., SPINU, V. & YUTANI, H. 2019. Welcome to the Tidyverse. <i>Journal of Open Source Software,</i> 4<b>,</b> 1686.
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