cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dv41ntc
title: Escape responses of terrestrial and aquatic birds to drones: towards a code of practice to minimise disturbance

description: 1. Advances in human technology can lead to widespread and rapid increases
 in interactions between wildlife and potentially disturbing stimuli. The
 recreational use of drones is widespread and increasing, yet laws and
 codes of practice which aim to manage deleterious impacts (e.g. negative
 interactions with wildlife) are reactionary, unscientific and inadequate.
 2. One prominent potential negative effect of drones interacting with
 birds is disturbance, the disruption of normal states caused by responses
 such as escape. We measure avian escape responses to an approaching drone
 (n = 561 across 22 species) to inform the development of a code of
 practice to manage drone-induced disturbance. Approaches were made at a
 relatively high and low altitude (10 m and 4 m), and at different take-off
 distances, both of which are candidate prescriptions for a code of
 practice. 3. Flight-initiation Distance (FID) varied between species, but
 not between the altitudes tested. The probability of eliciting an escape
 response was high, and 14.6% higher at the lower altitude (at which 88.4%
 of overflies resulted in an escape response). Our response rates (from
 terrestrial and aquatic species) are higher than those reported for
 different birds in other places, most of which were water or seabirds. 4.
 The probability of a drone take-off in itself eliciting a response was low
 (&lt; 20%) when the drone take-off was &gt; 40 m away, and
 decreased further with increasing distance from birds, with no escapes
 occurring &gt; 120 m. 5. Policy implications: For our sample, no drone
 take-off closer than 100 m, and no flight within 100 m would eliminate the
 vast majority of responses. Required separation distances from drones may
 exceed those required for other human activities, such as for
 walkers.06-Jan-2020
description: We collected Flight-initiation Distances of birds in response to
 overflights by drones. Data sets are prepared for each analysis we
 present. Taxonomy and methods are outlined in the manuscript.
description: Please see the manuscript and contact mweston@deakin.edu.au.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b7ee23
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 109 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Tewara cranwellae",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "DecimalLatitude is greater than -90",
 "DecimalLatitude is less than 90",
 "DecimalLongitude is greater than -180",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1950",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2014"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 109 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002164-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6078/d17x14
title: The interplay of climate, intervention and imported cases as determinants of the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangzhou

description: Dengue is a fast spreading mosquito-borne disease that affects more than
 half of the population worldwide. An unprecedented outbreak happened in
 Guangzhou, China in 2014, which contributed 52 percent of all dengue cases
 that occurred in mainland China between 1990 and 2015. Our previous
 analysis, based on a deterministic model, concluded that the early timing
 of the first imported case that triggered local transmission and the
 excessive rainfall thereafter were the most important determinants of the
 large final epidemic size in 2014. However, the deterministic model did
 not allow us to explore the driving force of the early local transmission.
 Here, we expand the model to include stochastic elements and calculate the
 successful invasion rate of cases that entered Guangzhou at different
 times under different climate and intervention scenarios. The conclusion
 is that the higher number of imported cases in May and June was
 responsible for the early outbreak instead of climate. Although the
 excessive rainfall in 2014 did increase the success rate, this effect was
 offset by the low initial water level caused by interventions in late
 2013. The success rate is strongly dependent on mosquito abundance during
 the recovery period of the imported case, since the first step of a
 successful invasion is infecting at least one local mosquito. The average
 final epidemic size of successful invasion decreases exponentially with
 introduction time, which means if an imported case in early summer
 initiates the infection process, the final number infected can be
 extremely large. Therefore, dengue outbreaks occurring in Thailand,
 Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam in early summer merit greater attention,
 since the travel volumes between Guangzhou and these countries are large.
 As the climate changes, destroying mosquito breeding sites in Guangzhou
 can mitigate the detrimental effects of the probable increase in rainfall
 in spring and summer.
description: Columns 1-19 represent parameter values. The meaning of each
 parameter is shown in Table 1.  PassFail represents the
 passing or failing status, with 1 stands for passing and 0 stands for
 failing
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3hf
title: Data from: Deciphering an extreme morphology: bone microarchitecture of the Hero Shrew backbone (Soricidae: Scutisorex)

description: Biological structures with extreme morphologies are puzzling because they
 often lack obvious functions and stymie comparisons to homologous or
 analogous features with more typical shapes. An example of such an extreme
 morphotype is the uniquely modified vertebral column of the hero shrew
 Scutisorex, which features numerous accessory intervertebral articulations
 and massively expanded transverse processes. The function of these
 vertebral structures is unknown, and it is difficult to meaningfully
 compare them to vertebrae from animals with known behavioral patterns and
 spinal adaptations. Here we use trabecular bone architecture of vertebral
 centra and quantitative external vertebral morphology to elucidate the
 forces that may act on the spine of Scutisorex and that of another large
 shrew with unmodified vertebrae (Crocidura goliath). µCT scans of
 thoracolumbar columns show that S. thori is structurally intermediate
 between C. goliath and S. somereni internally and externally, and both
 Scutisorex species exhibit trabecular bone characteristics indicative of
 higher in vivo axial compressive loads than C. goliath. Under compressive
 load, Scutisorex vertebral morphology is adapted to largely restrict
 bending to the sagittal plane (flexion). Although these findings do not
 solve the mystery of how Scutisorex uses its byzantine spine in vivo, our
 work suggests potentially fruitful new avenues of investigation for
 learning more about the function of this perplexing structure.
description: These data were collected by analysis of vertebral trabecular
 bone regions of interest (ROIs) in the software Quant3D, and measurements
 of µCT scans of whole vertebrae using Autodesk Meshmixer. For more detail
 see "Methods" in "Deciphering an extreme morphology: bone
 microarchitecture of the Hero Shrew backbone (Soricidae:
 Scutisorex)". This data set includes two files:
 "TBA and external measurement data.xls", which is the raw data
 resulting from the main body of analyses, and "Segmentation
 sensitivity tests and uncertainty.xls", which is raw data from an
 analysis of how segmentation protocol affects results of trabecular bone
 analysis, and raw data used to estimate uncertainty in reported values for
 TBA metrics. More detailed information on segmentation and uncertainty
 analyses can be found in the electronic supplementary material associated
 with this publication.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tb40
title: Feeding ecology has a stronger evolutionary influence on functional morphology than on body mass in mammals

description: Ecological specialization is a central driver of adaptive evolution.
 However, selective pressures may uniquely affect different
 ecomorphological traits (e.g., size and shape), complicating efforts to
 investigate the role of ecology in generating phenotypic diversity.
 Comparative studies can help remedy this issue by identifying specific
 relationships between ecologies and morphologies, thus elucidating
 functionally-relevant traits. Jaw shape is a dietary correlate that offers
 considerable insight on mammalian evolution, but few studies have examined
 the influence of diet on jaw morphology across mammals. To this end, I
 apply phylogenetic comparative methods to mandibular measurements and
 dietary data for a diverse sample of mammals. Especially powerful
 predictors of diet are metrics that capture either the size of the angular
 process, which increases with greater herbivory, or the length of the
 posterior portion of the jaw, which decreases with greater herbivory. The
 size of the angular process likely reflects sizes of attached muscles that
 produce jaw movements needed to grind plant material. Further, I examine
 the impact of feeding ecology on body mass, an oft-used ecological
 surrogate in macroevolutionary studies. Although body mass commonly
 increases with evolutionary shifts to herbivory, it is outperformed by
 functional jaw morphology as a predictor of diet. Body mass is influenced
 by numerous factors beyond diet, and it may be evolutionarily labile
 relative to functional morphologies. This suggests that ecological
 diversification events may initially facilitate body mass diversification
 at smaller taxonomic and temporal scales, but sustained selective
 pressures will subsequently drive greater trait partitioning in functional
 morphologies.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9zw3r229t
title: Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

description: Sex allocation theory predicts that the optimal sexual resource allocation
 of simultaneous hermaphrodites is affected by mating group size (MGS).
 Although the original concept assumes that the MGS does not differ between
 male and female functions, the MGS in the male function (MGSm; i.e., the
 number of sperm recipients the focal individual can deliver its sperm to
 plus one) and that in the female function (MGSf; the number of sperm
 donors plus one) do not always coincide and may differently affect the
 optimal sex allocation. Moreover, reproductive costs can be split into
 “variable” (e.g., sperm and eggs) and “fixed” (e.g., genitalia) costs, but
 these have been seldom distinguished in empirical studies. We examined the
 effects of MGSm and MGSf on the fixed and variable reproductive
 investments in the sessilian barnacle Balanus rostratus. The results
 showed that MGSm had a positive effect on sex allocation, whereas MGSf had
 a nearly significant negative effect. Moreover, the “fixed” cost varied
 with body size and both aspects of MGS. We argue that the two aspects of
 MGS should be distinguished for organisms with unilateral mating.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tb41
title: Data from: Skyline fossilized birth-death model is robust to violations of sampling assumptions in total-evidence dating

description: Several total-evidence dating studies under the fossilized birth-death
 (FBD) model have produced very old age estimates, which are not supported
 by the fossil record. This phenomenon has been termed "deep root
 attraction (DRA)". For two specific datasets, involving divergence
 time estimation for the early radiations of ants, bees and wasps
 (Hymenoptera) and of placental mammals (Eutheria), it has been shown that
 the DRA effect can be greatly reduced by accommodating the fact that
 extant species in these trees have been sampled to maximize diversity, so
 called diversified sampling. Unfortunately, current methods to accommodate
 diversified sampling only consider the extreme case where it is possible
 to identify a cut-off time such that all splits occurring before this time
 are represented in the sampled tree but none of the younger splits. In
 reality, the sampling bias is rarely this extreme, and may be difficult to
 model properly. Similar modeling challenges apply to the sampling of the
 fossil record. This raises the question of whether it is possible to find
 dating methods that are more robust to sampling biases. Here, we show that
 the skyline FBD (SFBD) process, where the diversification and
 fossil-sampling rates can vary over time in a piecewise fashion, provides
 age estimates that are more robust to inadequacies in the modeling of the
 sampling process and less sensitive to DRA effects. In the SFBD model we
 consider, rates in different time intervals are either considered to be
 independent and identically distributed, or assumed to be autocorrelated
 following an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process. Through simulations and
 reanalyses of the Hymenoptera and Eutheria data, we show that both
 variants of the SFBD model unify age estimates under random and
 diversified sampling assumptions. The SFBD model can resolve DRA by
 absorbing the deviations from the sampling assumptions into the inferred
 dynamics of the diversification process over time. Although this means
 that the inferred diversification dynamics must be interpreted with
 caution, taking sampling biases into account, we conclude that the SFBD
 model represents the most robust approach available currently for
 addressing DRA in total-evidence dating.
description: sfbd_ou_sup.docx: supplementary tables and figures
 simulations: results under different simulation
 settings hymenoptera: xml and tree files by
 analyzing the hymenoptera data  eutheria: xml and
 tree files by analyzing the placental mammal data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.57e5fp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "PublishingOrg is one of (c2ecae57-6701-485e-9ebd-5f87b2945cb2, f9b67ad0-9c9b-11d9-b9db-b8a03c50a862, 6ea87510-0561-11d8-b851-b8a03c50a862)",
 "TaxonKey is Melanoplus complanatipes",
 "Year 1900-2026"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002165-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34tqc
title: Data from: Solute production and transport processes in Chinese monsoonal rivers: Implications for global climate change

description: Concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships provide new insights into
 solute production processes. Temporal sampling and analyses are needed to
 investigate the chemical weathering behaviors and reduce the estimation
 errors of fluxes. However, few studies have been done on Asian monsoonal
 rivers, which play an important role in global carbon cycle. We analyzed
 the dissolved solutes of the Three largest rivers in China. Datong and
 Qingxi in Changjiang River were selected to represent the midterm and
 outlet of the Changjiang River. Lijin was selected as the outlet of the
 Yellow River. We analyzed the major ions, which can represent the chemical
 weathering index. Our study may help deepen the understanding of chemical
 weathering and solute fluxes.
description: We sampled monthly in large Chinese rivers, the methods are
 available in 2020GB006541. Note: Datong is the outlet
 of Changjiang River, Lijin is the outlet of Yellow River, Qingxi is the
 inlet of Three Gorges Dam.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp05
title: Evolutionary history of Neotropical savannas geographically concentrates species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of lizards

description: Supporting information (scripts) to compute diversity and endemism indices
 copied and available by Dan Rosauer (https
 ://github.com/DanRosauer/phylospatial). Aim: Understanding where and why
 species diversity is geographically concentrated remains a challenge in
 biogeography and macroevolution. This is true for the Cerrado, the most
 biodiverse tropical savanna in the world, which has experienced profound
 biodiversity loss. Previous studies have focused on a single metric
 (species composition), neglecting the fact that ‘species’ within the biome
 are often composed of cryptic species. In order to identify biodiversity
 hotspots more robustly and across multiple dimensions we integrate
 functional, spatial and new phylogeographic data for the Cerrado lizard
 fauna by (a) mapping the spatial patterns of species and phylogenetic
 diversity; and (b) using endemism measures to identify areas of unique
 diversity. We then quantify the extent to which existing protected areas
 represent the diversity. Location: Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). Methods:
 We generated species distribution models using distribution records for
 all Cerrado lizard species. These, combined with mitochondrial DNA
 phylogenies and natural history data, allowed us to map species richness,
 phylogenetic and functional diversity and phylogenetic and weighted
 endemism. Phylogenetic endemism maps were then cross-referenced against
 protected areas to calculate the amount of evolutionary history preserved
 within these areas. Results: The central region of the Cerrado, a vast and
 climatically stable plateau, stands out as important under all
 biodiversity metrics. Including evolutionary relationships in biodiversity
 assessment, we detected four regional hotspots with high concentration of
 spatially restricted evolutionary diversity. Protected areas cover only
 10% of the Cerrado area and hold 11.64% of the summed phylogenetic
 endemism of all lizards in the biome. Main Conclusions: We highlighted
 both stable (Chapada dos Veadeiros and Serra do Espinhaço plateaus) and
 environmentally heterogenous regions (Araguaia and Tocantins valleys) as
 hotspots of evolutionary diversity. The creation and/or manipulation
 of areas for conservation are essential for the conservation and
 survival of the rich and endemic lizard fauna of the Cerrado.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mcvdncjwr
title: Data from: Substantially adaptive potential in polyploid cyprinid fishes: evidence from biogeographic, phylogenetic and genomic studies

description: Whole genome duplication is commonly believed to play key roles in
 vertebrate evolution. However, nowadays polyploidy exists in a few fish,
 amphibian, and reptile groups only, and seems to be an evolutionary
 dead-end in vertebrates. We investigate the evolutionary significance of
 polyploidization in Cyprinidae – a fish family that contains more
 polyploid species than any other vertebrate groups with integrating
 biogeographic, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses. First, polyploid
 species are found to be significantly frequent in higher altitude and
 lower mean annual temperature areas compared to diploid species in
 Cyprinidae. Second, a polyploidy-related diversification rate shift is
 observed in Cyprinidae. It is that increased net diversification rate is
 only seen in three polyploid lineages, and other polyploid lineages have
 similar net diversification rate as well as diploid lineages in
 Cyprinidae. Interestingly, significant ‘lag-times’ existed between
 polyploidization and radiation in Cyprinidae. Multiple polyploid lineages
 were established ~15 Mya through recurrent allopolyploidization events but
 net diversification rate did not start to increase until ~5 Mya – long
 after polyploidization events. Environmental changes associated with the
 continuous uplift of Tibetan Plateau and climate change have likely
 promoted the initial establishment and subsequent radiation of polyploidy
 in Cyprinidae. Finally, unique retention of duplicated genes in polyploid
 cyprinids adapted to harsh environments is found. Taken together, our
 results suggest that polyploidy in Cyprinidae is far more than an
 evolutionary dead-end, but rather shows substantially adaptive potential.
 Polyploid cyprinids thus constitute an ideal model system for unveiling
 largely unexplored consequences of whole genome duplication in
 vertebrates, from genomic evolution to species diversification.
description: Supplemental figures and tables
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwks
title: Pollen defenses negatively impact foraging and fitness in a generalist bee (Bombus impatiens: Apidae)

description: Plants may benefit from limiting the community of generalist floral
 visitors if the species that remain are more effective pollinators and
 less effective pollenivores. Plants can reduce access to pollen through
 altered floral cues or morphological structures, but can also reduce
 consumption through direct pollen defenses. We observed that Eucera
 (Peponapis) pruinosa, a specialist bee on Cucurbita plants, collected pure
 loads of pollen while generalist honey bees and bumble bees collected
 negligible amounts of cucurbit pollen, even though all groups of bees
 visited these flowers. Cucurbit flowers have no morphological adaptations
 to limit pollen collection by bees, thus we assessed their potential for
 physical, nutritional, and chemical pollen traits that might act as
 defenses to limit pollen loss to generalist pollinators. Bumble bee
 (Bombus impatiens) microcolonies experienced reduced pollen consumption,
 mortality, and reproduction as well as increased stress responses when
 exposed to nutritional and mechanical pollen defenses. These bees also
 experienced physiological effects of these defenses in the form of hindgut
 expansion and gut melanization. Chemical defenses alone increased the area
 of gut melanization in larger bees and induced possible compensatory
 feeding. Together, these results suggest that generalist bumble bees avoid
 collecting cucurbit pollen due to the physiological costs of physical and
 chemical pollen defenses.
description: We completed a field experiment to collect pollen counts from
 bees found in Cucurbit fields. We also completed a laboratory microcolony
 assay to assess how <em>Bombus impatiens</em> is impacted by
 feeding on a cucurbit pollen diet. Please see the article for further
 information.
description: Please see the PollenDefensesDataREADME.txt file for data
 details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k98sf7m3d
title: Preparation of Phosphorus doping modification of porous boron nitride and its adsorption characteristics for heavy metals in flue gas

description: Boron nitride, known as "white graphene", have attracted
 extensive attention to the fields of adsorption, catalysis and hydrogen
 storage due to their excellent chemical properties. In this paper, the
 phosphorus doped boron nitride material (P-BN), was successfully prepared
 by red phosphorus as a dopant for the preparation of porous boron nitride
 precursors, the phosphorus content in P-BN was adjusted by the addition
 rate of phosphorus. The tendency of specific surface area of P-BN
 increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of phosphorus
 addition rate, and the maximum specific surface area was 837.08m2/g when
 the phosphorus addition rate was 0.50. The P-BN, prepared by the
 experimental, used as an adsorbent had been proved its adsorption capacity
 for heavy metal flue gas. In particular, P-BN had a stronger adsorption
 selectivity for Zinc compared with other heavy metals, and the adsorption
 capacity of P-BN for Zinc reached 5~38 times higher than that of other
 heavy metals. However, the maximum adsorption capacities of P-BN for Zinc
 and Copper in the single heavy metal atmosphere were 69.45mg/g and
 53.80mg/g, respectively.