DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8931zcs03
title: Data from: Linking warmer nest temperatures to reduced body size in seabird nestlings: Possible mitochondrial bioenergetic and proteomic mechanisms

description: Rapid reduction of body size in populations responding to global warming
 suggests the involvement of temperature-dependent physiological
 adjustments during growth, such as mitochondrial alterations in the
 efficiency of producing metabolic energy, a process that is poorly
 explored, especially in endotherms. Here, we examined the mitochondrial
 metabolism and proteomic profile of red blood cells in relation to body
 size and cellular energy production in nestling shearwaters (Calonectris
 diomedea) developing at different temperatures. Despite not spending more
 energy to thermoregulate (invariant cell metabolic rate), their
 mitochondria had a higher inefficiency in coupling metabolism to energy
 production, as evidenced by bioenergetic and proteomic analyses.
 Mitochondrial inefficiency was positively related to cellular stress
 represented by heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and markers of
 mitochondrial stress. The observed temperature-related mitochondrial
 inefficiency was associated with reduced beak size and body mass and was
 linked to the downregulation of cellular growth factors and growth
 promoters determining body size. Nestlings of warmer nests had lighter
 bodies and smaller beaks at fledging. By analyzing the links between
 environmental temperature, mitochondrial inefficiency, and body size we
 discuss the physiological alterations that free-living birds, and probably
 other endotherms, need to trigger to cope with a warming world.
description: # Linking warmer nest temperatures to reduced body size in seabird
 nestlings: Possible mitochondrial bioenergetic and proteomic mechanisms
 [https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249880](https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.249880)
 ## Description of the data and file structure The dataset consists of 
 data_Scopoli09062024.csv file. The Excel file contains data on each
 nestling, including physiological data recorded at a single time point and
 morphological data recorded at two different time points.  Legend:  |
 Variable | Description | Protein description | | :--------------------- |
 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------ | | idcode | individual code identity | | | sex | sex of chick | | | Nest\_T | nest temperature recorded in the hour before morning sampling (°C)  | | | HWDT\_av | average temperature recorded from 8 am to 8 pm during the heat wave | | | HWDT\_max | average maximal temperature recorded from 8 am to 8 pm during the heat wave | | | HW\_min | average minimal temperature recorded from 8 am to 8 pm during the heat wave | | | HW820\_35 | numebr of hours recorded with temperature &gt; 35 °C | | | T\_Av\_WholeNestCycle | average temperature recorded during the whole nesting cycle | | | T\_Max\_WholeNestCycle | average maximal temperature recorded during the whole nesting cycle | | | T\_Min\_NestCycle | average minimal temperature recorded during the whole nesting cycle | | | mass\_ini | body bass at first sampling (g) | | | beak\_L\_ini | beak length at first sampling (mm) | | | beak\_T\_ini | beak depth at first sampling (mm) | | | pc1beak\_ini | beak size at first sampling (first factor of the pricincipal component analysis between lengh and wide of the beak) | | | mass\_fin | body bass at fledging (g) | | | beak\_L\_fin | beak length at first sampling (first factor of the pricincipal component analysis between lengh and wide of the beak) | | | beak\_T\_fin | beak depth at first sampling (first factor of the pricincipal component analysis between lengh and wide of the beak) | | | pc1beak\_fin | beak size at fledging (first factor of the pricincipal component analysis between lengh and wide of the beak) | | | bleed\_dur | time elapsed from nest approach to end of blood sampling (sec) | | | cmr | cell metabolic rate (pmol of O2/sec/mL) | | | oxphos | oxidative phosphorylation (pmol of O2/sec/mL) | | | leak | proton leakage (pmol of O2/sec/mL) | | | ets | electron transport system (pmol of O2/sec/mL) | | | fcr1 | mitochondrial inefficiency (leak/cmr) | | | fcr2 | mitochondrial inefficiency (leak/ets) | | | Igf2bp3 | Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 Binding Protein 3 | growth/signalling/growth\_factors inhibitor | | Igfbp3 | Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 | growth/signalling/growth factors | | Tgfb1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein | growth/signalling/growth\_factors inhibitors | | Fgfr1 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 | growth/signalling/growth\_factors receptor | | Stk11 | Serine/Threonine Kinase 4 | growth/signalling/TOR/upstream/inhibitor | | Lamtor2 | Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor, MAPK And MTOR activator | growth/signalling/TOR/upstream/activator | | Tsc2 | Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 | growth/signalling/TOR/upstream/inhibitor | | Rptor | Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR | growth/signalling/TOR/activator | | Akt2 | RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase | growth/signalling/growth promoter/TOR/upstream/protein biosynthesis | | Creb1\_1 | Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 | growth/signalling/growth promoter | | Gigyf2 | GRB10-interacting GYF protein 2 | growth/signalling/growth promoter | | Nr2c2 | Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group C Member 2 | growth/signalling/growth promoter | | Src | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src | growth/signalling/growth promoter | | Strap | Serine/threonine kinase receptor-associated protein  | growth/signalling/growth promoter | | Tyk2 | Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 | growth/signalling/growth promoter | | Smad2 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 | growth/promoter/dorsal tissues | | Bmp2k | BMP2 Inducible Kinase | growth/promoter/specific/skeletal | | Lnpk | Endoplasmic reticulum junction formation protein lunapark | growth/promoter/specific/skeletal/limb | | Nd3 | NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3  | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Nd5 | NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufa1 | NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufa12 | NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufa2 | NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufab1 | NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufaf4 | NADH dehydrogenase \[ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufb3 | NADH dehydrogenase \[ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3  | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufb9 | NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit B9 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufs8 | NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Ndufv2 | NADH dehydrogenase \[ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2  | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Tmem126a | Transmembrane protein 126A | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/Complex I | | Zmat3 | Mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase assembly factor 3 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex I | | Uqcr11 | Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Uqcrh | Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Bloc1s2 | Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 2 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Cybc1 | Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Cyc1 | Cytochrome c isoform 1 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Cytb | Cytochrome b | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Uqcrb | Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex III | | Cyc | Cytochrome C | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/between complex III and IV | | Cox2 | Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex IV | | Cox6a1 | Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 4I1 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex IV | | Atp5f1e | ATP Synthase F1 Subunit Beta | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex V | | ATP8 | ATP synthase protein 8 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex V | | Tmem70 | Transmembrane protein 70, mitochondrial | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex V | | Atp5h | ATP Synthase F1 Subunit Alpha | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/complex V | | Hccs | Holocytochrome c-type synthase  | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/cytochrome c biosynthesis | | Chchd2\_1 | Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 2 | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation | | Mtfr1l | Mitochondrial Fission Regulator 1 Like | mito/ATP/oxidative phosphorylation/predicted | | Aldob | Enolase 2 | ATP/gycolysis  | | Eno2 | Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B | ATP/gycolysis | | Pkm | Pyruvate kinase M1/M2 | ATP/glycolysis  | | Idh2 | Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Idh3a | Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 3 | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Idh3b | Isocitrate dehydrogenase \[NAD] subunit beta | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Idh3g | Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) g | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Sdhb | Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B  | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Suclg1 | Succinate--CoA ligase \[ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Suclg2 | Succinate-CoA ligase \[ADP-forming] subunit gamma | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Dlat | Dihydrolipoamide S-Acetyltransferase | mito/ATP/TCA cycle | | Acaa2 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase | mito/ATP/beta-oxidation | | Cpt2 | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 | mito/ATP/beta-oxidation | | Echs1 | Enoyl-CoA Hydratase, Short Chain 1 | mito/ATP/beta-oxidation | | Hadhb | Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta | mito/ATP/beta-oxidation | | Hsd17b10 | Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase 10 | mito/ATP/beta-oxidation | | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 | signalling/energy/AMPK | | Prkaa2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 | signalling/energy/AMPK | | Hsp70 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein | repair/heat stress/hsp | | Hsp90aa1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha | repair/heat stress/hsp | | Hsp90ab1 | Heat shock cognate protein HSP 90-beta | repair/heat stress/hsp | | Hspa13 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 13 | repair/heat stress/hsp | | Dnajb4 | DnaJ heat shock protein family member B4  | repair/heat stress/hsp | | Dnajc2 | DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 2  | repair/heat stress/hsp | | Gclc | Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit | repair/Antioxidants | | Gpx1 | Glutathione peroxidase 1 | repair/Antioxidants | | Prdx6 | Peroxiredoxin-6 | repair/Antioxidants | | Gsta1;Gsta2 | Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 | repair/Antioxidants | | Bcap31 | B Cell Receptor Associated Protein 31 | mito/stress | | Bnip3l\_0 | BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 Like | mito/stress | | Slc25a24 | Mitochondrial adenyl nucleotide antiporter SLC25A24 | mito/stress | | Abce1 | TP-binding cassette sub-family E member 1 | mito/stress |