cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cr2n4
title: Data from: Sperm competition and the evolution of precopulatory weapons: Increasing male density promotes sperm competition and reduces selection on arm strength in a chorusing frog

description: Sperm competition theory assumes a trade-off between precopulatory traits
 that increase mating success and postcopulatory traits that increase
 fertilization success. Predictions for how sperm competition might affect
 male expenditure on these traits depend on the number of competing males,
 the advantage gained from expenditure on weapons, and the level of sperm
 competition. However, empirical tests of sperm competition theory rarely
 examine precopulatory male expenditure. We investigated how variation in
 male density affects precopulatory sexual selection on male weaponry and
 the level of sperm competition in the chorusing frog Crinia georgiana,
 where males use their arms as weapons in male–male combat. We measured
 body size and arm girth of 439 males, and recorded their mating success in
 the field. We found density-dependent selection acting on arm girth. Arm
 girth was positively associated with mating success, but only at low
 population densities. Increased male density was associated with higher
 risk and intensity of sperm competition arising from multimale amplexus,
 and a reversal in the direction of selection on arm girth. Opposing
 patterns of pre- and postcopulatory selection may account for the negative
 covariation between arm girth and testes across populations of this
 species.
description: Sexual dimorphism data
 for Crinia georgianaThe snout-vent length
 (mm), and arm girth (mm) of males and females of the Australian quacking
 frog Crinia georgiana, for an analysis of sexual dimorphism in arm
 girth.Sexual
 dimorphism.csvCalling, mating and
 polyandry probabilitiesData for the analyses of
 mating tactics, mating success and polyandry probability in the Australian
 quacking frog Crinia georgiana. The columns mean: Study site (BS = Burt
 Street in Albany, WA; WB = William Bay; HF = swamp near the Hockey Field
 in Albany, WA; KG = Kangaroo Gully), quadrat ID, snout-vent length (mm),
 arm girth (mm), male density, mating tactic (calling or silent), mating
 success (0 or 1), whether a mating was polyandrous (0 or 1), the number of
 males per mating, and extra notes.Number of males per
 matingData for the analysis of
 number of males involved in matings of the Australian quacking frog Crinia
 georgiana. The columns mean: Study site (MS = Melville Street in Albany,
 WA; BS = Burt Street in Albany, WA; WB = William Bay; HF = swamp near the
 Hockey Field in Albany, WA; KG = Kangaroo Gully), quadrat ID, number of
 males involved in the mating, and male density.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hd7bf7
title: Data from: FOXP2 exhibits neuron class specific expression, but is not required for multiple aspects of cortical histogenesis

description: The expression patterns of the transcription factor FOXP2 in the
 developing mammalian forebrain have been described, and some studies have
 tested the role of this protein in the development and function of
 specific forebrain circuits by diverse methods and in multiple species.
 Clinically, mutations in FOXP2 are associated with severe developmental
 speech disturbances, and molecular studies indicate that impairment of
 Foxp2 may lead to dysregulation of genes involved in forebrain
 histogenesis. Here, anatomical and molecular phenotypes of the cortical
 neuron populations that express FOXP2 were characterized. Additionally,
 Foxp2 was removed from the developing mouse cortex at different prenatal
 ages using two Cre-recombinase driver lines. Detailed molecular and
 circuit analyses were undertaken to identify potential disruptions of
 development. Surprisingly, the results demonstrate that Foxp2 function is
 not required for many function s that it has been proposed to regulate,
 and therefore plays a more limited role in cortical development than
 previously thought.
description: Kastetal_FullSubmission_Dataset041519This excel spreadsheet contains the raw numbers for all quantitative data included in the manuscript. The excel file is organized into sheets that contain data pertaining to different experiments and that are titled according to the manuscript figures in which the data appear.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15jj2
title: Data from: Impact of aspiration pneumonia on the clinical course of progressive supranuclear palsy: a retrospective cohort study

description: Introduction: Although aspiration pneumonia is the most common
 complication of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the clinical impact
 of aspiration pneumonia on disease course and survival has not been fully
 estimated. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed the prognostic factors and
 clinical consequences of pneumonia in PSP. Methods: The clinical course of
 patients with aspiration pneumonia was surveyed. The association between
 baseline clinical features (2 years from disease onset) and latency to the
 initial development of pneumonia was investigated using survival time and
 Cox regression analyses. Results: Ninety patients with a clinical
 diagnosis of PSP were observed for 5.1±3.8 years (mean±SD), and 22 had
 aspiration pneumonia. Subsequently, 20 patients (91%) had to discontinue
 oral feeding entirely and 13 (59%) died, whereas, of 68 patients without
 pneumonia, only three patients (4%) died. Time to initial development of
 pneumonia was strongly correlated with survival time (Spearman R = 0.92,
 P&lt;0.001), with a mean latency of 2.3 years to death. Among baseline
 clinical features, early fall episodes and cognitive decline were
 significant predictors of pneumonia (P = 0.001 and P&lt;0.001,
 respectively, log rank test). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that
 early fall episodes (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.9, 95% confidence interval:
 1.2–12.5, P = 0.03) and cognitive decline (adjusted hazard ratio: 5.2, 95%
 confidence interval: 1.4–19.3, P = 0.02) independently predicted
 pneumonia. By contrast, dysphagia was not associated with pneumonia (P =
 0.2, log rank test). Conclusion: Initial development of pneumonia
 indicates an unfavorable clinical course and predicts survival time (mean
 survival time 2.3 years). Patients with early falls and cognitive decline
 were at high risk of early development of pneumonia.
description: tomita_database
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f36mq
title: Data from: Idiosyncratic development of sensory structures in brains of diapausing butterfly pupae: implications for information processing

description: Diapause is an important escape mechanism from seasonal stress in many
 insects. A certain minimum amount of time in diapause is generally needed
 in order for it to terminate. The mechanisms of time-keeping in diapause
 are poorly understood, but it can be hypothesized that a well-developed
 neural system is required. However, since neural tissue is metabolically
 costly to maintain there might exist conflicting selective pressures on
 overall brain development during diapause, on one hand to save energy and
 on the other hand to provide reliable information processing during
 diapause. We performed the first ever investigation of neural development
 during diapause and non-diapause (direct) development in pupae of the
 butterfly Pieris napi from a population whose diapause duration is known.
 The brain grew in size similarly in pupae of both pathways up to three
 days after pupation, when development in the diapause brain was arrested.
 While development in the brain of direct pupae continued steadily after
 this point, no further development occurred during diapause until
 temperatures increased far after diapause termination. Interestingly,
 sensory structures related to vision were remarkably well developed in
 pupae from both pathways, in contrast to neuropils related to olfaction,
 which only developed in direct pupae. The results suggest that a
 well-developed visual system might be important for normal diapause
 development.
description: Brain volume
 dataVolumetric data for all
 structures at all time points in directly developing and diapausing
 pupaeVolumes brain structures direct
 diapause.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r58br
title: Data from: Predator personality structures prey communities and trophic cascades

description: Intraspecific variation is central to our understanding of evolution and
 population ecology, yet its consequences for community ecology are poorly
 understood. Animal personality—consistent individual differences in suites
 of behaviors – may be particularly important for trophic dynamics, where
 predator personality can determine activity rates and patterns of attack.
 We used mesocosms with aquatic food webs in which the top predator
 (dragonfly nymphs) varied in activity and subsequent attack rates on
 zooplankton, and tested the effects of predator personality. We found
 support for four hypotheses: 1) active predators disproportionately reduce
 the abundance of prey, 2) active predators select for predator-resistant
 prey species, 3) active predators strengthen trophic cascades (increase
 phytoplankton abundance), and 4) active predators are more likely to
 cannibalize one another, weakening all other trends when at high
 densities. These results suggest that intraspecific variation in predator
 personality is an important determinant of prey abundance, community
 composition, and trophic cascades.
description: animal_personality_trophic_ecolletts2017
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.46181
title: Data from: Community disassembly and invasion of remnant native grasslands under fluctuating resource supply

description: 1. Native vegetation fragments embedded in anthropogenic landscapes are
 increasingly threatened by land-use intensification. Managing disturbance
 regimes and nutrient inputs may help maintain species diversity in such
 remnants. Yet it is unclear the extent to which changes in resource
 availability due to reduced capture by resident plants and/or increased
 supply rates may trigger native community disassembly and exotic
 invasions. 2. We examined how mowing disturbance and N fertilizer addition
 affected plant community recovery after a burning event in a remnant
 corridor of tussock pampa grassland in Argentina. The percentage cover and
 richness of native and exotic plant functional groups were monitored over
 four years. According to the ‘fluctuating resource theory’, we expected
 invasion to be highest when both light and N availability were increased
 simultaneously. 3. Mowing delayed recovery by dominant C4 tussock grasses
 and promoted subordinate, native C3 grasses and exotic legumes, thus
 enhancing both native and exotic species richness. Fertilization induced a
 transient increase in native forbs but decreased total plant richness.
 Moreover, N addition to mowed grassland led to rapid invasion by
 short-lived exotic forbs, which were then replaced by exotic perennial
 grasses. Exotic grasses eventually spread across the grassland corridor,
 although at different rates depending on the treatment, and in parallel to
 a generalized decline in native species cover. 4. Synthesis and
 applications. Community disassembly patterns reflected differential
 responses of native and exotic functional groups to altered resource
 supply rates. Synergisms between canopy disturbances and N enrichment
 posed the greatest threat to preserving a pampa grassland remnant prone to
 invasion. Establishing buffer zones may be required to enhance the
 viability of corridor-like grassland remnants in agricultural landscapes.
description: Tognetti vegetation
 environmental dataThis file contains
 micro-environmental and vegetation data from a 4-yr mowing and
 fertilization experiment in a remnant of native grassland. The data also
 describe pre and post (natural) burning structure of the same remnant
 community before being manipulated in the experiment. The experiment
 consisted of annual mowing and fertilization with 20 g N m-2 yr-1, in the
 form of ammonium nitrate. We evaluated the dynamics of various native and
 exotic functional groups. Species were classified into grasses
 (=graminoids), legumes and non-legume forbs, and were labelled as native
 or exotic based on local floras. For each functional group, we calculated
 the percentage cover and species richness (number) per plot and sampling
 date. Above- and below-ground resource levels were monitored in only six
 of the blocks on the same sampling dates as for the vegetation.
 Microenvironmenal variables measured were photosynthetically active
 radiation beneath the canopy, soil water and N content in the top
 soil.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fc054
title: Data from: Young giant water bug nymphs prefer larger prey: changes in foraging behavior with nymphal growth in Kirkaldyia deyrolli

description: Raptorial characteristics may evolve in predators because of their
 importance in obtaining food. The giant water bug, Kirkaldyia deyrolli,
 possesses a claw on the terminal segment of the raptorial foreleg that is
 crucial for capturing prey. Claw curvature has been previously shown to
 change during growth in this species, but the adaptive significance of
 this change has not yet been explored. Predation experiments have
 demonstrated that young nymphs with highly curved claws caught
 proportionally larger prey than older nymphs with less-curved claws.
 Catching behaviours for a certain prey size differed significantly between
 young and older nymphs. The observation that nymphal growth affects
 prey-catching behaviour in the giant water bug supports the hypothesis
 that predators can change catching behaviours based on changes in
 raptorial characteristics in order to maximize prey resources acquired at
 each developmental stage.
description: data for figure 2ab,
 table 2 and 3ohba and tatsuta
 bjls.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3v9h5
title: Data from: Early antiretroviral therapy and potent second-line drugs could decrease HIV incidence of drug resistance

description: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the risk of
 drug-sensitive HIV transmission but may increase the transmission of
 drug-resistant HIV. We used a mathematical model to estimate the long-term
 population-level benefits of ART and determine the scenarios under which
 earlier ART (treatment at 1 year post-infection, on average) could
 decrease simultaneously both total and drug-resistant HIV incidence (new
 infections). We constructed an infection-age-structured mathematical model
 that tracked the transmission rates over the course of infection and
 modelled the patients' life expectancy as a function of ART
 initiation timing. We fitted this model to the annual AIDS incidence and
 death data directly, and to resistance data and demographic data
 indirectly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco. Using
 counterfactual scenarios, we assessed the impact on total and
 drug-resistant HIV incidence of ART initiation timing, frequency of
 acquired drug resistance, and second-line drug effectiveness (defined as
 the combination of resistance monitoring, biomedical drug efficacy and
 adherence). Earlier ART initiation could decrease the number of both total
 and drug-resistant HIV incidence when second-line drug effectiveness is
 sufficiently high (greater than 80%), but increase the proportion of new
 infections that are drug resistant. Thus, resistance may paradoxically
 appear to be increasing while actually decreasing.
description: DatasetAIDS cases and deaths among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m327n
title: Data from: Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans are distinct

description: Women rarely give birth after approximately 45 years of age, and they
 experience the cessation of reproductive cycles – menopause – at
 approximately 50 years of age, after a fertility decline lasting almost
 two decades. Such reproductive senescence in mid-lifespan is an
 evolutionary puzzle of enduring interest because it should be inherently
 disadvantageous. Further, comparative data on reproductive senescence from
 other primates, or indeed other mammals, remains relatively rare. Here we
 carried out the first detailed comparative study of reproductive
 senescence in seven species of nonhuman primates in natural populations,
 using long-term, individual-based data, and compared them to a population
 of humans experiencing natural fertility and mortality. In four of seven
 primate species we found that reproductive senescence occurred prior to
 death only in a small minority of individuals. In three primate species we
 found evidence of reproductive senescence that accelerated throughout
 adulthood; however, its initial rate was much lower than mortality, so
 that relatively few individuals experienced reproductive senescence before
 death. In contrast, the human population showed the predicted and
 well-known pattern in which reproductive senescence occurred prior to
 death for many women and its rate accelerated throughout adulthood. These
 results provide strong support for the hypothesis that reproductive
 senescence in mid-life, while apparent in natural-fertility,
 natural-mortality populations of humans, is generally absent in other
 primates living in such populations.
description: PrimateReproductiveSenescenceData_21June2013
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3kf75
title: Data from: Coral feeding on microalgae assessed with molecular trophic markers

description: Herbivory in corals, especially for symbiotic species, remains
 controversial. To investigate the capacity of scleractinian and soft
 corals to capture microalgae, we conducted controlled laboratory
 experiments offering five algal species: the cryptophyte Rhodomonas
 marina, the haptophytes Isochrysis galbana and Phaeocystis globosa, and
 the diatoms Conticribra weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana. Coral
 species included the symbiotic soft corals Heteroxenia fuscescens and
 Sinularia flexibilis, the asymbiotic scleractinian coral Tubastrea
 coccinea, and the symbiotic scleractinian corals Stylophora pistillata,
 Pavona cactus and Oculina arbuscula. Herbivory was assessed by end-point
 PCR amplification of algae-specific 18S rRNA gene fragments purified from
 coral tissue genomic DNA extracts. The ability to capture microalgae
 varied with coral and algal species and could not be explained by prey
 size or taxonomy. Herbivory was not detected in S. flexibilis and S.
 pistillata. P. globosa was the only algal prey that was never captured by
 any coral. Although predation defence mechanisms have been shown for
 Phaeocystis spp. against many potential predators, this study is the first
 to suggest this for corals. This study provides new insights on herbivory
 in symbiotic corals and suggests that corals may be selective herbivorous
 feeders.
description: Feeding results for
 different scleractinian and soft coral species offered microalgae
 preyData from laboratory
 feeding experiments where different microalgae prey were offered to
 different coral species. Each combination of one coral and microalgae
 species was performed individually and in replicates (n = 3). Positive and
 negative results were obtained by the presence/absence of PCR
 amplification product visualized by gel electrophoresis (2% agarose gel).
 Results for positive and negative controls are also shown. Positive
 results were genomic DNA extracts of algal cultures and of filtered water
 from feeding experiments. Negative controls were genomic DNA extracts of
 coral tissue that were unfed.Leal_data_dryad.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8165qv5
title: Data from: Is ungulate migration culturally transmitted? Evidence of social learning from translocated animals

description: Ungulate migrations are assumed to stem from learning and cultural
 transmission of information regarding seasonal distribution of forage, but
 this hypothesis has not been tested empirically. We compared the migratory
 propensities of bighorn sheep and moose translocated into novel habitats
 with those of historical populations that had persisted for hundreds of
 years. Whereas individuals from historical populations were largely
 migratory, translocated individuals initially were not. After multiple
 decades, however, translocated populations gained knowledge about surfing
 green waves of forage (tracking plant phenology) and increased their
 propensity to migrate. Our findings indicate that learning and cultural
 transmission are the primary mechanisms by which ungulate migrations
 evolve. Loss of migration will therefore expunge generations of knowledge
 about the locations of high-quality forage and likely suppress population
 abundance.
description: Ungulate migration a
 cultural phenomenonData describes the
 migratory propensity of GPS-collared bighorn sheep (n=267) and moose
 (n=189) and their ability track plant phenology. Each line in the data
 frame describes where an individual (AID) resided (POP; see Fig. 1 of
 manuscript for map illustrating spatial distribution of individuals), the
 year in which the animals movements were observed (YEAR), whether the
 animal was migratory or not (MIG), and how well the animal tracked plant
 phenology (OBSmedIRG). The amount of knowledge an individual possessed
 about its landscape (KNOW) is a function of how well it tracked plant
 phenology (OBSmedIRG) relative to simulated individuals that foraged at
 random (RANDmedIRG) and simulated individuals with complete knowledge
 about local patterns of plant phenology (OMNmedIRG). These measurements
 were collected for individual bighorn sheep and moose within populations
 that were translocated into their respective landscapes zero to greater
 than two hundred years ago (TIME).Mig_Culture_Ungulate.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jq87d
title: Data from: Climate determinants of breeding and wintering ranges of lesser kestrels in Italy and predicted impacts of climate change

description: Climate warming would theoretically create conditions for the breeding
 range expansion of pseudo-steppe Mediterranean and long-distance migrant
 species and provide the possibility for these to overwinter in the same
 breeding areas. However, contemporary changes in rainfall regimes might
 have negative effects on the climate suitability and in turn, shrink
 species potential range. The lesser kestrel Falco naumanni is highly
 sensitive to rainfall oscillations and has recently extended its Italian
 breeding range towards northern latitudes and increasing its wintering
 records. We modelled the effects of temperature and rainfall on current
 and future climate suitability for lesser kestrels in both the breeding
 and wintering periods by using MaxEnt. Models were based on the
 distribution of 298 colonies and 40 wintering records. Future climate
 suitability was assessed under eight different scenarios. Spring rainfall
 amount resulted as the main determinant of breeding climate suitability,
 so its predicted reduction will determine a shrinkage in suitable areas
 (–42.10% in 2050; –32.07% in 2070). Specifically, the 66.05% of Italian
 colonies will be outside the climatically suitable area by 2050. However
 wide areas, suitable under current climate conditions, are still not
 occupied by lesser kestrel and allow the potential expansion of its
 Italian breeding range in the short term. Temperature seasonality mainly
 determined the species’ winter climate suitability, which is overall
 predicted to boost in the next decades (+145.03% in 2050; and +123.91% in
 2070). All but one future scenarios predicted a northward shift of about
 40 km for both breeding and wintering climate suitability. Despite its
 recent expansion, we have found that climate change will pose conservation
 concerns for the Italian breeding population of lesser kestrels. Indeed,
 changes in non-climate factors will also outline the future suitability of
 the Italian range for lesser kestrels in both seasons with effects that
 might both strengthen or mitigate climate effects.
description: wintering records LK
 ItalyDistribution of
 wintering records of Falco naumanni in Italy updated to 2014/2015
 wintercolonies LK
 ItalyDistribution of known
 colonies of Falco naumanni in Italy between the 2000 and 2015 breeding
 seasons