cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569405.v2
title: Phylogeny, species diversity and biogeographic patterns of the genus <i>Tricleocarpa</i> (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta) from the Indo-Pacific region, including <i>T. confertus</i> sp. nov. from Taiwan

description: Among four different genera in Galaxauraceae, species diversity of the genus <i>Tricleocarpa</i> Huisman & Borowitzka is underestimated and requires further examination. In this study, we explored a molecular phylogeny of <i>Tricleocarpa</i> with an emphasis on Taiwan species and reassessed species diversity of the genus from the Indo-Pacific region based on analyses of <i>rbc</i>L and COI-5P sequences and morphological observations. The molecular analyses showed that species of <i>Tricleocarpa</i> examined are grouped into seven clades: six clades in the <i>T. cylindrica</i> group (the <i>T. cylindrica</i> complex, <i>T. confertus, T. jejuensis, T. natalensis</i> and two uncharacterized <i>T</i>. ‘<i>cylindrica</i>’ clades) and one clade as the <i>T. fragilis</i> group. Overall, at least 12 species in <i>Tricleocarpa</i> were detected from the Indo-Pacific region, including a new species, <i>T. confertus</i> S.-L. Liu & S.-M. Lin, from Taiwan. Among them, <i>T. confertus</i> can be separated from other species of <i>Tricleocarpa</i> by a thallus consisting of dichotomous or trichotomous, articulated and moniliform branches with smooth surfaces, constrictions at nodes and slightly anti-triangular in shape. The cystocarp morphology of <i>T. confertus</i> is similar to the <i>T. cylindrica</i> group by having paraphyses intermixing with gonimoblast filaments. Recognition of this new species from other species is also supported by the DNA-based, algorithmic species delimitation approaches. With the combination of molecular phylogeny and species diversity reassessment, our phylogeographic analysis supported a trend that species in the <i>T. fragilis</i> group are restricted in their distribution to subtropical and tropical areas whereas species in the <i>T. cylindrica</i> group have a wide distribution, ranging from temperate through to tropical areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569405.v1
title: Phylogeny, species diversity and biogeographic patterns of the genus <i>Tricleocarpa</i> (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta) from the Indo-Pacific region, including <i>T. confertus</i> sp. nov. from Taiwan

description: Among four different genera in Galaxauraceae, species diversity of the genus <i>Tricleocarpa</i> Huisman & Borowitzka is underestimated and requires further examination. In this study, we explored a molecular phylogeny of <i>Tricleocarpa</i> with an emphasis on Taiwan species and reassessed species diversity of the genus from the Indo-Pacific region based on analyses of <i>rbc</i>L and COI-5P sequences and morphological observations. The molecular analyses showed that species of <i>Tricleocarpa</i> examined are grouped into seven clades: six clades in the <i>T. cylindrica</i> group (the <i>T. cylindrica</i> complex, <i>T. confertus, T. jejuensis, T. natalensis</i> and two uncharacterized <i>T</i>. ‘<i>cylindrica</i>’ clades) and one clade as the <i>T. fragilis</i> group. Overall, at least 12 species in <i>Tricleocarpa</i> were detected from the Indo-Pacific region, including a new species, <i>T. confertus</i> S.-L. Liu & S.-M. Lin, from Taiwan. Among them, <i>T. confertus</i> can be separated from other species of <i>Tricleocarpa</i> by a thallus consisting of dichotomous or trichotomous, articulated and moniliform branches with smooth surfaces, constrictions at nodes and slightly anti-triangular in shape. The cystocarp morphology of <i>T. confertus</i> is similar to the <i>T. cylindrica</i> group by having paraphyses intermixing with gonimoblast filaments. Recognition of this new species from other species is also supported by the DNA-based, algorithmic species delimitation approaches. With the combination of molecular phylogeny and species diversity reassessment, our phylogeographic analysis supported a trend that species in the <i>T. fragilis</i> group are restricted in their distribution to subtropical and tropical areas whereas species in the <i>T. cylindrica</i> group have a wide distribution, ranging from temperate through to tropical areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569386
title: Lab 3, Pan Traps

description: Group Memebers ; Karin Yosefi, Joelle Brooker, Kamil Adamczewski, Brittney Jorisch Layed ifferent coloured pans(blue,white and yellow) out along York University grasslot an woodlot along a 18 meter transact, each pan about 1 meter apart. Filled them with soapy water and let them sit an collect bugs for about a hour, then the number of insects in the pans was counted and the different recognizable taxonomic units were also counted. The experiment took place at Danby's lot between 3:00pm and 4:20pm on Thursday,October 1 on a chilly windy day, with the sun out and the temperature was aproximately15 egress celsius. Purpose of the lab was to see which colour pan collected the most bugs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569386.v1
title: Lab 3, Pan Traps

description: Group Memebers ; Karin Yosefi, Joelle Brooker, Kamil Adamczewski, Brittney Jorisch Layed ifferent coloured pans(blue,white and yellow) out along York University grasslot an woodlot along a 18 meter transact, each pan about 1 meter apart. Filled them with soapy water and let them sit an collect bugs for about a hour, then the number of insects in the pans was counted and the different recognizable taxonomic units were also counted. The experiment took place at Danby's lot between 3:00pm and 4:20pm on Thursday,October 1 on a chilly windy day, with the sun out and the temperature was aproximately15 egress celsius. Purpose of the lab was to see which colour pan collected the most bugs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569382
title: Intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide nanoparticles translocate to heart and liver and activate complement cascade in the heart of C57BL/6 mice

description: An estimated 1% or less of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in the lungs translocate to systemic circulation and enter other organs; however, this estimation may not be accurate given the low sensitivity of existing <i>in vivo</i> NP detection methods. Moreover, the biological effects of such low levels of translocation are unclear. We employed a nano-scale hyperspectral microscope to spatially observe and spectrally profile NPs in tissues and blood following pulmonary deposition in mice. In addition, we characterized effects occurring in blood, liver and heart at the mRNA and protein level following translocation from the lungs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 18 or 162 µg of industrially relevant titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>) alongside vehicle controls. Using the nano-scale hyperspectral microscope, translocation to heart and liver was confirmed at both doses, and to blood at the highest dose, in mice analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Global gene expression profiling and ELISA analysis revealed activation of complement cascade and inflammatory processes in heart and specific activation of complement factor 3 in blood, suggesting activation of an early innate immune response essential for particle opsonisation and clearance. The liver showed a subtle response with changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase response. This study characterizes the subtle systemic effects that occur in liver and heart tissues following pulmonary exposure and low levels of translocation of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> from lungs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569382.v1
title: Intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide nanoparticles translocate to heart and liver and activate complement cascade in the heart of C57BL/6 mice

description: An estimated 1% or less of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in the lungs translocate to systemic circulation and enter other organs; however, this estimation may not be accurate given the low sensitivity of existing <i>in vivo</i> NP detection methods. Moreover, the biological effects of such low levels of translocation are unclear. We employed a nano-scale hyperspectral microscope to spatially observe and spectrally profile NPs in tissues and blood following pulmonary deposition in mice. In addition, we characterized effects occurring in blood, liver and heart at the mRNA and protein level following translocation from the lungs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 18 or 162 µg of industrially relevant titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>) alongside vehicle controls. Using the nano-scale hyperspectral microscope, translocation to heart and liver was confirmed at both doses, and to blood at the highest dose, in mice analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Global gene expression profiling and ELISA analysis revealed activation of complement cascade and inflammatory processes in heart and specific activation of complement factor 3 in blood, suggesting activation of an early innate immune response essential for particle opsonisation and clearance. The liver showed a subtle response with changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase response. This study characterizes the subtle systemic effects that occur in liver and heart tissues following pulmonary exposure and low levels of translocation of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> from lungs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569382.v2
title: Intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide nanoparticles translocate to heart and liver and activate complement cascade in the heart of C57BL/6 mice

description: An estimated 1% or less of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in the lungs translocate to systemic circulation and enter other organs; however, this estimation may not be accurate given the low sensitivity of existing <i>in vivo</i> NP detection methods. Moreover, the biological effects of such low levels of translocation are unclear. We employed a nano-scale hyperspectral microscope to spatially observe and spectrally profile NPs in tissues and blood following pulmonary deposition in mice. In addition, we characterized effects occurring in blood, liver and heart at the mRNA and protein level following translocation from the lungs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 18 or 162 µg of industrially relevant titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>) alongside vehicle controls. Using the nano-scale hyperspectral microscope, translocation to heart and liver was confirmed at both doses, and to blood at the highest dose, in mice analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Global gene expression profiling and ELISA analysis revealed activation of complement cascade and inflammatory processes in heart and specific activation of complement factor 3 in blood, suggesting activation of an early innate immune response essential for particle opsonisation and clearance. The liver showed a subtle response with changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase response. This study characterizes the subtle systemic effects that occur in liver and heart tissues following pulmonary exposure and low levels of translocation of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> from lungs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569374
title: Frequency of bird species using belt transects placed randomly between the Danby woodlot and grassland

description: The experiment was conducted on October 1st,2015 at the Danby Woodlot and Grasslands at York University between 2:30 to 5:30 PM EST. The weather consisted of sunny blue skies with an approximate temperature of 15 C. It is to be noted that the sudden drop in temperature over a 24 hour time period resulted in a significant decline in bird sightings which is evident in the data collected. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the frequency of bird sightings from 5 randomly placed belt transects at each site; the grassland and the woodlot. A total length of 30 m with a 10 m width was placed in random locations throughout the woodlot and grassland. A total of 10 transect data sets were collected. The observations collected included the species of birds which were later identified by using the provided guidebooks, the abundance of species, the wind speed using the Beaufort Scale( a range of 2-4 was provided by the TA which was later used to estimate the windspeed at the site, where 2 was light breeze, 3 was gentle breeze and 4 was moderate breeze) and the distance from the species in accordance with the field of view of within a 30 m parameter. Each bird species was identified visually and referenced based on the descriptions provided by the guidebook. The distance was estimated by having the experimenter(s) standing at the 0 m mark of the belt transect and estimating the distance of the bird species within the predetermined 30 m mark of the belt transect. The group members included Bavatharane, Azeb, Eman and Saraswatie.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569382.v4
title: Intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide nanoparticles translocate to heart and liver and activate complement cascade in the heart of C57BL/6 mice

description: An estimated 1% or less of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in the lungs translocate to systemic circulation and enter other organs; however, this estimation may not be accurate given the low sensitivity of existing <i>in vivo</i> NP detection methods. Moreover, the biological effects of such low levels of translocation are unclear. We employed a nano-scale hyperspectral microscope to spatially observe and spectrally profile NPs in tissues and blood following pulmonary deposition in mice. In addition, we characterized effects occurring in blood, liver and heart at the mRNA and protein level following translocation from the lungs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 18 or 162 µg of industrially relevant titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>) alongside vehicle controls. Using the nano-scale hyperspectral microscope, translocation to heart and liver was confirmed at both doses, and to blood at the highest dose, in mice analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Global gene expression profiling and ELISA analysis revealed activation of complement cascade and inflammatory processes in heart and specific activation of complement factor 3 in blood, suggesting activation of an early innate immune response essential for particle opsonisation and clearance. The liver showed a subtle response with changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase response. This study characterizes the subtle systemic effects that occur in liver and heart tissues following pulmonary exposure and low levels of translocation of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> from lungs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569373
title: Attention in Older Adults: A Normative Study of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test for Persons Aged 70 Years

description: <i>Objective</i>: Our objective was to present normative data from 70-year-olds on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA), a computerized measure of attention and response control. <i>Method</i>: 640 participants (330 men and 310 women), all aged 70 years, completed the IVA, as well as the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale. <i>Results</i>: Data were stratified by education and gender. Education differences were found in 11 of 22 IVA scales. Minor gender differences were found in six scales for the high-education group, and two scales for the low-education group. Comparisons of healthy participants and participants with stroke, myocardial infarction, or diabetes showed only minor differences. Correlations among IVA scales were strong (all <i>r</i> &gt; .34, <i>p</i> r p Conclusions: This study provides IVA norms for 70-year-olds stratified by education and gender, increasing the usability of this instrument when testing persons near this age. The data presented here show some major differences from original IVA norms, and explanations for these differences are discussed. Explanations include the broad age-range used in the original IVA norms (66–99 years of age) and the passage of 15 years since the original norms were collected.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569374.v1
title: Frequency of bird species using belt transects placed randomly between the Danby woodlot and grassland

description: The experiment was conducted on October 1st,2015 at the Danby Woodlot and Grasslands at York University between 2:30 to 5:30 PM EST. The weather consisted of sunny blue skies with an approximate temperature of 15 C. It is to be noted that the sudden drop in temperature over a 24 hour time period resulted in a significant decline in bird sightings which is evident in the data collected. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the frequency of bird sightings from 5 randomly placed belt transects at each site; the grassland and the woodlot. A total length of 30 m with a 10 m width was placed in random locations throughout the woodlot and grassland. A total of 10 transect data sets were collected. The observations collected included the species of birds which were later identified by using the provided guidebooks, the abundance of species, the wind speed using the Beaufort Scale( a range of 2-4 was provided by the TA which was later used to estimate the windspeed at the site, where 2 was light breeze, 3 was gentle breeze and 4 was moderate breeze) and the distance from the species in accordance with the field of view of within a 30 m parameter. Each bird species was identified visually and referenced based on the descriptions provided by the guidebook. The distance was estimated by having the experimenter(s) standing at the 0 m mark of the belt transect and estimating the distance of the bird species within the predetermined 30 m mark of the belt transect. The group members included Bavatharane, Azeb, Eman and Saraswatie.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569382.v3
title: Intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide nanoparticles translocate to heart and liver and activate complement cascade in the heart of C57BL/6 mice

description: An estimated 1% or less of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in the lungs translocate to systemic circulation and enter other organs; however, this estimation may not be accurate given the low sensitivity of existing <i>in vivo</i> NP detection methods. Moreover, the biological effects of such low levels of translocation are unclear. We employed a nano-scale hyperspectral microscope to spatially observe and spectrally profile NPs in tissues and blood following pulmonary deposition in mice. In addition, we characterized effects occurring in blood, liver and heart at the mRNA and protein level following translocation from the lungs. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 18 or 162 µg of industrially relevant titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>) alongside vehicle controls. Using the nano-scale hyperspectral microscope, translocation to heart and liver was confirmed at both doses, and to blood at the highest dose, in mice analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Global gene expression profiling and ELISA analysis revealed activation of complement cascade and inflammatory processes in heart and specific activation of complement factor 3 in blood, suggesting activation of an early innate immune response essential for particle opsonisation and clearance. The liver showed a subtle response with changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase response. This study characterizes the subtle systemic effects that occur in liver and heart tissues following pulmonary exposure and low levels of translocation of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> from lungs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569373.v1
title: Attention in Older Adults: A Normative Study of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test for Persons Aged 70 Years

description: <i>Objective</i>: Our objective was to present normative data from 70-year-olds on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA), a computerized measure of attention and response control. <i>Method</i>: 640 participants (330 men and 310 women), all aged 70 years, completed the IVA, as well as the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale. <i>Results</i>: Data were stratified by education and gender. Education differences were found in 11 of 22 IVA scales. Minor gender differences were found in six scales for the high-education group, and two scales for the low-education group. Comparisons of healthy participants and participants with stroke, myocardial infarction, or diabetes showed only minor differences. Correlations among IVA scales were strong (all <i>r</i> &gt; .34, <i>p</i> r p Conclusions: This study provides IVA norms for 70-year-olds stratified by education and gender, increasing the usability of this instrument when testing persons near this age. The data presented here show some major differences from original IVA norms, and explanations for these differences are discussed. Explanations include the broad age-range used in the original IVA norms (66–99 years of age) and the passage of 15 years since the original norms were collected.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569337
title: Effects of cold stress and <i>Salmonella Heidelberg</i> infection on bacterial load and immunity of chickens.

description: We analyzed the effects of cold stress (19 ± 1°C, 6 h /day, from the 1<sup>st</sup> to the 7<sup>th</sup> days of life) applied to SPF chickens. On experimental Day 1 (ED1), chicks were divided into four groups: C (not infected and kept under thermoneutral condition); CS (not infected and cold stressed); PC (<i>Salmonella</i> Heidelberg (SH) infected and kept under thermoneutral condition) and PCS (SH infected and cold stressed). High concentrations of corticosterone were found in the cold stressed birds on ED7 and ED21, with a greater increase in birds of the PCS group. Stress or non-stressed SH-infected birds had high levels of norepinephrine on ED21. On ED21, an increased percentage and number of SH were found in birds of the PCS group. On ED7, a decrease in macrophages presenting MHCII, CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>γδ cells was observed in the chickens of the CS group. Decrease was observed in CD3<sup>+</sup>cells in the birds of the PCS group and increase in macrophages presenting MHCII cells and of the CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> ratio in chickens of the CS group on ED21. A decrease in CD8<sup>+</sup>γδ cells to birds of the CS group on ED21 and in the CD3<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>cell numbers in chickens of the PCS group on ED21. Our results suggest that cold stress applied to chickens in the first 7 days of life increases both the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system activities, leading to long-term immune cell dysfunction, thus allowing increased SH invasion and persistence within the animals’ body.Supplementary Data