DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pq873
title: Data from: Cuticular hydrocarbon divergence in the jewel wasp Nasonia: evolutionary shifts in chemical communication channels?

description: The evolution and maintenance of intraspecific communication channels
 constitutes a key feature of chemical signaling and sexual communication.
 However, how divergent chemical communication channels evolve while
 maintaining their integrity for both sender and receiver is poorly
 understood. In the present study, we compare male and female cuticular
 hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles in the jewel wasp genus Nasonia, analyze their
 chemical divergence, and investigate their role as species-specific sexual
 signaling cues. Males and females of all four Nasonia species showed
 unique, non-overlapping CHC profiles unambiguously separating them.
 Surprisingly, male and female phylogenies based on the chemical distances
 between their CHC profiles differed dramatically, where only male CHC
 divergence parallels the molecular phylogeny of Nasonia. In particular, N.
 giraulti female CHC profiles were the most divergent from all other
 species and very different from its most closely related sibling species
 N. oneida. Furthermore, although our behavioural assays indicate that
 female CHC can generally be perceived as sexual cues attracting males in
 Nasonia, this function has apparently been lost in the highly divergent
 female N. giraulti CHC profiles. Curiously, N. giraulti males are still
 attracted to heterospecific, but not to conspecific female CHC profiles.
 We suggest that this striking discrepancy has been caused by an extensive
 evolutionary shift in female N. giraulti CHC profiles, which are no longer
 used as conspecific recognition cues. Our study constitutes the first
 report of an apparent abandonment of a sexual recognition cue that the
 receiver did not adapt to.
description: Nasonia GC-MS raw
 dataCSV files containing
 information on the GC-MS data (GC: 7890A; MS: 5975C; Agilent Technologies,
 Waldbronn, Germany) for all Nasonia samples, obtained with “Enhanced
 Chemstation”, G1701AA, Version A.03.00. Columns are identified as follows:
 Peak number, average retention time, peak type, peak width, peak area
 (integrated absolute value), start retention time, end retention time.
 Further description of the data generation see Materials and Methods
 section in the paper.Trichomalopsis GC-MS raw
 dataCSV files containing
 information on the GC-MS data (GC: 7890A; MS: 5975C; Agilent Technologies,
 Waldbronn, Germany) for the Trichomalopsis outgroup samples, obtained with
 “Enhanced Chemstation”, G1701AA, Version A.03.00. Columns are identified
 as follows: Peak number, average retention time, peak type, peak width,
 peak area (integrated absolute value), start retention time, end retention
 time. Further description of the data generation see Materials and Methods
 section in the paper.Normalized peak
 areasCHC peak areas
 standardized with the normalization method of the function
 "decostand" of the community ecology R package “vegan” (Dixon,
 2003), for a more detailed description see Materials and Methods section
 in the paper.LDA scaling function
 valuesFunctions of the linear
 discriminant analysis (DA) calculated from the normalized CHC data on the
 Nasonia samples, first three functions plotted simultaneously in Figure 1
 in the paper, further details on the DA see Materials and Methods and
 Results, respectively.Phylogenetic distance
 matrixPhylogenetic distance
 matrix, used in comparison with the average manhattan chemical distances
 between the Nasonia species based on the relative differences between
 their normalized CHC peak areas, performed separately for males and
 females (Fig. 2 and 3, respectively). The molecular distances are based on
 the Nasonia phylogeny, which are themselves based on the genetic
 divergence of a mitochondrial gene, COI sequences retrieved from NCBI,
 pairwise p-distances calculated with MEGA 3.0 (Werren et al., 2010) For
 further information, please see Materials and Methods section in the paper
 as well as the Tables S2 and S3, which give the average manhattan
 distances the phylogenetic distances were compared to.Replicated Mantel
 testsSingle results of the
 Mantel tests, performed five times for both male CHC divergence vs.
 Nasonia phylogeny and female CHC divergence versus Nasonia phylogeny, all
 five p values and their respective averages are given for both
 combinations, as well as the r value. Each single test was performed with
 9999 permutations.Behavioral
 assaysRaw data on the
 behavioral assays, focussing on N. oneida and N. giraulti males (Fig. 4).
 Whether a copulation has occurred or not is given in the second column for
 each pairing in a binary coding (1 = yes, 0 = no), and the average number
 of occurred copulations is given for each pairing with untreated and
 treated female dummies. Species affiliation and treatment of female
 dummies indicated in the caption of each pairing. Male species affiliation
 can be found in the main caption on each spread sheet. Furthermore, the
 male arrestment time has been recorded (third column), but those data have
 not been used in this study. Mating results on two further N. giraulti
 strains are given as well.Distribution of CHC
 compoundsRelative (percentages)
 distribution of CHC compound classes among the species and sexes of
 Nasonia and the outgroup Trichomalopsis, data underlying Fig.
 S2.