cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j6q573njx
title: Spring temperature drives phenotypic selection on plasticity of flowering time

description: In seasonal environments, a high responsiveness of development to
 increasing temperatures in spring can infer benefits in terms of a longer
 growing season, but also costs in terms of an increased risk of facing
 unfavourable weather conditions. Still, we know little about how climatic
 conditions influence the optimal plastic response. Using 22 years of field
 observations for the perennial forest herb Lathyrus vernus, we assessed
 phenotypic selection on among-individual variation in reaction norms of
 flowering time to spring temperature, and examined if among-year variation
 in selection on plasticity was associated with spring temperature
 conditions. We found significant among-individual variation in mean
 flowering time and flowering time plasticity, and that plants that
 flowered earlier also had a more plastic flowering time. Selection
 favoured individuals with an earlier mean flowering time and a lower
 thermal plasticity of flowering time. Less plastic individuals were more
 strongly favoured in colder springs, indicating that spring temperature
 influenced optimal flowering time plasticity. Our results show how
 selection on plasticity can be linked to climatic conditions, and
 illustrate how we can understand and predict evolutionary responses of
 organisms to changing environmental conditions.
description: Data on field observations of flowering time and fitness of the
 perennial forest herb <em>Lathyrus vernus</em> and on spring
 temperature from weather station data. The dataset includes 22 years of
 data (1987–1996 and 2006–2017) from a <em>L.
 vernus</em> population located in a deciduous forest in Tullgarn, SE
 Sweden (58.9496 N, 17.6097 E). It includes records from 837 individuals
 (607 from 1987 to 1996, and 230 from 2006 to 2017), and from 2478
 flowering events. The dataset includes the following
 variables: year: year of the recording
 id_nr: numeric plant id id: unique plant id
 (combination of numeric plant id and period) fcode:
 flowering code (1 if the plant flowered on that year, 0 if not)
 FFD: First Flowering Date n_fl: number of
 flowers n_fr: number of fruits
 totseed: total number of seeds intactseed:
 total number of intact seeds (not damaged by seed predator
 beetles) shoot_vol: shoot volume
 period: old (1987–1996) or new (2006–2017)
 n_years_fl_fitness: number of years when data on flowering and
 fitness is available n_years_study: number of years
 when the plant was included in the study mean_4:
 Average daily mean temperature of April (calculated from nearby
 meteorological station data) cmean_4: Mean-centred
 average daily mean temperature of April NA indicates
 missing data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg79cnpfk
title: Data from: Changes in movement characteristics in response to private and social information acquisition of socially foraging fish

description: To overcome the cost of competition resulting from foraging socially,
 individuals may balance their use of private (i.e. acquired from personal
 sampling) and social (i.e. acquired by watching other individuals)
 information to adjust their foraging strategy accordingly. Reliability of
 private information about environmental characteristics, such as the
 spatial distribution of prey, is thus likely to affect individual movement
 and social interactions. We aimed to investigate how movement
 characteristics of foraging individuals changed as they acquired reliable
 information about the spatial occurrence of prey in a foraging context. We
 allowed guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to develop the reliability of their
 private knowledge about prey spatial occurrence by repeatedly testing
 shoals in a foraging task under three experimental distributions of prey:
 1) aggregated prey forming three patches located in fixed locations, 2)
 scattered distribution of prey with random locations, or 3) no prey (used
 as control). Using individual time series of spatial coordinates, we
 computed a suite of movement variables reflecting search effort, social
 proximity and locomotion characteristics during foraging, to examine
 changes occurring over repeated trials. Over time, individuals foraging on
 either scattered or aggregated prey travelled greater distances, showed an
 increasing distance to their closest neighbour and became more stochastic
 in their acceleration profile, compared to control individuals. We found
 that behaviour changed as private information increased over time, with a
 behavioural shift and an increase of collective foraging efficiency
 occurring on the third testing day. Social proximity was the major
 predictor of foraging success in the absence of prior foraging
 information, while search effort became the most important predictors of
 foraging success as information increased. In conclusion, we show that
 individual movement patterns changed as they acquired private information.
 Contrary to our predictions, the spatial distribution of prey did not
 affect any of the movement variables of interest.
description: This dataset was collected by filming guppy shoals foraging in an
 experimental arena under laboratory conditions. A number of variables
 (<em>viz</em>. distance travelled, distance to nearest
 neighbour, acceleration entropy, time spent grouping, number and duration
 of grouping events) were computed from the tracking data of the first
 minute of the foraging trials. Statistical investigations aimed to
 identify changes in movement characteristics and social interactions
 occuring over repeated foraging trials. 
description: R and Excel are required to access the data files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8h9
title: Boosting efficiency of eco-friendly perovskite solar cell through optimization of novel charge transport layers

description: Formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI3)is a suitable candidate for the
 absorber layer in perovskite solar cells (PSC) because of its
 non-toxicity, narrow band gap, thermal stability,y and high carrier
 mobility. This study focuses on the analysis and improvement in the
 performance of FASnI3-based PSCs using various inorganic charge transport
 materials; copper-based materials such as Cu2O, CuAlO2, CuSCN and CuSbS2
 are introduced as hole transport layers due to their earth abundancy, ease
 in manufacturing, high charge mobilities and chemical stability.
 Similarly, fullerene derivates (PCBM and C60) are deployed as electron
 transport layers due to their mechanical strength, thermal conductivity
 and stability. The effect of these materials on the optical absorption,
 quantum efficiency, energy band alignment, band offsets, electric field
 and recombination are studied in detail. The reasons for low performance
 of the cell are identified and improved through design optimization. The
 PSC performance is analyzed in both inverted and non-inverted
 architecture. Among all the structures, the best result is achieved
 through ITO/CuSCN/FASnI3/C60/Al with an efficiency of 27.26%, Voc of 1.08
 V, Jsc of 29.5 mA/cm2, and FF of 85.6%.
description: SCAPS_1D software was used to model different perovskite
 structures. The effect of different parameters was varied to study the
 effect. The data sets were generated through the software which were then
 saved in Excel.
description: SCAPS-1D was used to generate data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgn3g
title: Low incidence of sibling cannibalism among brood parasitic cuckoo catfish embryos

description: Brood parasites have demanding needs of host resources. Brood parasitic
 offspring are highly competitive and frequently cause the failure of host
 broods and the survival of a single parasitic offspring. Accordingly,
 virulent brood parasites lay single eggs in host nests to minimize
 multiple parasitism and ensuing sibling competition. In the cuckoo catfish
 (Synodontis multipunctatus), which parasitise mouthbrooding cichlid fishes
 in Lake Tanganyika, the modes of host and parasite oviposition lead to
 frequent cases of multiple parasitism. We experimentally tested the
 prediction that multiple parasitism leads to frequent siblicide. Cuckoo
 catfish embryos prey upon host offspring to obtain nourishment during
 their 3-week development in the host buccal cavity and may also consume
 conspecific siblings. The potential benefits of siblicide in the system
 are, therefore, twofold: to decrease competition for limited resources
 (i.e. host brood with rich yolk sacs) and to directly obtain nourishment
 by consuming rivals. We found that sibling cannibalism indeed provided
 measurable benefits in terms of increased growth of the cannibals, but
 sibling cannibalism was rare and typically occurred only when all host
 offspring had been consumed. This implies that cannibalism in the cuckoo
 catfish embryos emerges to mitigate starvation rather than eliminate
 sibling competition. 
description: Experimental dataset. Data collected in laboratory, as described
 in the paper. Dataset is composed of body size and survival, and
 associated treatment data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bzkh189f5
title: Warming alters the top-down effect of a common mesopredator in an aquatic food web

description: Global warming is altering the composition and functioning of both
 terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Most research has focussed on direct
 effects of warming on species and their population dynamics, while less is
 known about indirect effects through species interactions. Trophic
 cascades are especially likely to influence the effects of warming given
 that trophic levels differ in their response to warming because of
 differences in metabolism and vital rates such as growth and reproduction.
 We investigated if the top-down effect of a common mesopredator, the
 threespine stickleback, alters the impact of warming on a Baltic Sea food
 web. We manipulated both temperature and the presence of stickleback in
 mesocosms, and found the stickleback to alter the impact of warming on
 lower trophic levels. This was through increased consumption of herbivores
 that exceeded the rate at which the herbivore population could grow under
 higher temperature, which in turn increased algae biomass compared to a
 scenario without stickleback, but not compared to conditions under normal
 temperature. Thus, the mesopredator increased the transfer of biomass to
 higher trophic levels of the food web when temperature was increased. This
 stresses the importance of considering the impact of warming on multiple
 trophic levels and their interactions. Failing to consider differences in
 responses among trophic levels and the impact this has on their
 interactions can result in faulty conclusions about the impact of warming
 on ecosystems.
description: # Warming alters the top-down effect of a common mesopredator in an
 aquatic food web The dataset was directed to temperature impact on the
 lower trophic organisms of threespine stickleback. The data were collected
 from a mesocosm experiment following a two-way factorial design,
 incorporating two climate settings (normal and high) and two levels of
 stickleback presence (absent/present). This experiment was conducted in
 two separate climate chambers. One density of stickleback (2
 individuals/m2) was applied. Each treatment comprised 8 replicates
 altogether 32 replicates for the complete experiment. Condition in tanks
 imitated natural conditions in the field that were associated with
 herbivores and primary production. Following the experiment, the impact of
 treatments was recorded for the total biomass of algae, abundance of
 amphipods, and gastropods. From Mesocosmdata_Tawfiqur.xlsx | Variable name
 | Variable definition | Unit | | -------------------- |
 ------------------------------------------- | ------ | | Temperature
 (14°C) | Room temperature at 14°C | °C | | Temperature (19°C) | Room
 temperature at 19°C | °C | | Control | Stickleback absent | NA | |
 Stickleback | Stickleback present | NA | | Algae biomass, g | Dried weight
 of algae and epiphytes in gram | Gram | | Amphipods abundance | Number of
 amphipods left in the tank | Number | | Gastropods abundance | Number of
 gastropods left in the tank | Number |
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pc866t1tf
title: Taxonomic and functional biogeographies of soil bacterial communities across the Tibet plateau are better explained by abiotic conditions than distance and plant community composition

description: The processes governing soil bacteria biogeography are still not fully
 understood. It remains unknown how the importance of environmental
 filtering and dispersal differs between bacterial taxonomic and functional
 biogeography, and whether their importance is scale-dependent. We sampled
 soils across the Tibet plateau, with distances among plots ranging from 20
 m to 1,550 km. Taxonomic composition of bacterial community was
 characterized by 16S amplicon sequencing and functional community
 composition by qPCR targeting 9 functional groups involved in N dynamics.
 Factors representing climate, soil, and plant community were measured to
 assess different facets of environmental dissimilarity. Both bacterial
 taxonomic and functional dissimilarities were more related to abiotic
 dissimilarity than biotic (vegetation) dissimilarity or distance.
 Taxonomic dissimilarity was mostly explained by differences in soil pH and
 mean annual temperature (MAT), while functional dissimilarity was linked
 to differences in soil N and P availabilities and N:P ratio. Soil pH and
 MAT remained the main determinants of taxonomic dissimilarity across
 spatial scales. In contrast, the explanatory variables of N-related
 functional dissimilarity varied across the scales, with soil moisture and
 organic matter having the highest role across short distances
 (&lt;~330 km), and available P, N:P ratio and distance being important
 over long distances (&gt;~660 km). Our results demonstrate how
 biodiversity dimension (taxonomic versus functional aspects) and spatial
 scale influence the factors driving soil bacterial biogeography.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tb2rbp8n
title: Data from: European bee diversity: Taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns

description: Aim Wild bees still face striking shortfalls in knowledge of biodiversity
 in key regions of the world. This includes Europe, where despite a long
 tradition of data gathering, the continental scale distribution patterns
 of wild bees have not been systematically analysed to date. This study
 aims to characterise large-scale biodiversity patterns to: (i) understand
 spatial-temporal heterogeneity in large-scale databases, (ii) locate
 genuine diversity hotspots and their relationship with biogeographical
 patterns or habitats of interests, and (iii) identify understudied species
 and areas to further design conservation actions for most at risk species
 in key regions. Location Europe Taxon Bees Methods We present a
 continental and standardised study of bee taxonomic and phylogenetic
 diversity patterns in Europe, using a large compilation of occurrence
 records of nearly three million validated occurrence records for 1,515
 wild bee species. Results Southern and eastern Europe suffer from the
 largest gaps in data availability while northern and western regions
 benefit from better historical coverage. Our models show that higher wild
 bee diversity in Europe is hosted in xeric, warm areas, as highlighted by
 a clear latitudinal gradient. However, phylogenetic diversity is predicted
 to be more homogenous across Europe than taxonomic diversity, suggesting
 that policies and strategies targeted to protect species richness may
 differ from those targeting greater phylogenetic diversity. Main
 conclusions This study represents a significant advance in the
 characterisation of wild bee distribution patterns across Europe and is an
 important stepping stone towards the design of more targeted survey
 efforts and conservation actions of this key group of pollinators. This,
 in turn, will provide the data necessary to improve the spatiotemporal
 coverage in a context of ongoing and future Europe-wide monitoring
 schemes, to ultimately develop cost-effective, coordinated and
 evidence-based conservation actions and tailored habitat management
 actions that can be implemented on a smaller scale.
description: The dataset contains species occurrence data aggregated to a grid
 shapefile. The data is avaiable separated by source but also joined as a
 single database. Also included are the spreadsheets of wild bee binomial
 scientific names and the corrections made to these names. See file:
 README.txt for full details. 
description: Shapefiles, CSV files and code were all loaded and analyzed using
 R statistics software.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mkvj
title: Effects of plant-available soil silicon on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status across tropical tree species

description: Plant-available silicon (Si) concentrations vary considerably across
 tropical soils, yet the ecological importance of that variation remains
 largely unresolved. Increased Si availability can enhance growth and
 modulate foliar nutrient status in many crop species suggesting similar
 effects might occur in natural systems. However, how growth, foliar Si,
 and macronutrient concentrations, as well as their stoichiometry, respond
 to plant-available Si and how these responses differ across tropical tree
 species is unknown. We experimentally exposed seedlings of 12 tropical
 tree species to a gradient of plant-available Si concentrations,
 representing 85% of the variation found across Central Panama, and
 assessed responses in aboveground growth and foliar nutrient status.
 Furthermore, we assessed whether higher plant-available Si increases P
 availability. Increasing plant-available Si led to increased foliar Si
 concentrations (by up to 140%). It also led to higher aboveground growth
 (by up to 220%), and it affected foliar C and N concentrations, and
 nutrient stoichiometry across species. However, at the species level, only
 a small subset of two to four species showed significant growth and foliar
 nutrient responses. At the soil level, plant-available P remained
 unchanged along the experimental soil Si gradient. Our results showed that
 Si can improve growth and/or modulate foliar nutrient status in a number
 of tropical tree species. Furthermore, species’ growth and foliar nutrient
 concentrations might vary differently across tropical forest sites varying
 in plant-available Si. Additionally, Si-induced responses in foliar
 nutrient stoichiometry have the potential to affect herbivory and litter
 decomposition. Taken together, natural variation in plant-available Si
 might influence plant performance unequally across tropical tree species,
 and change trophic interactions, with potential implications for ecosystem
 processes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2zh2
title: Body size predicts the rate of contemporary morphological change in birds

description: Variation in evolutionary rates among species is a defining characteristic
 of the tree of life and may be an important predictor of species’
 capacities to adapt to rapid environmental change. It is broadly assumed
 that generation length is an important determinant of microevolutionary
 rates, and body size is often used as a proxy for generation length.
 However, body size has myriad biological correlates that could affect
 evolutionary rates independently from generation length. We leverage two
 large, independently collected datasets on recent morphological change in
 birds (52 migratory species breeding in North America and 77 South
 American resident species) to test how body size and generation length are
 related to rates of contemporary morphological change. Both datasets show
 that birds have declined in body size and increased in wing length over
 the past 40 years. We found, in both systems, a consistent pattern wherein
 smaller species declined proportionally faster in body size and increased
 proportionally faster in wing length. By contrast, generation length
 explained less variation in evolutionary rates than did body size.
 Although the mechanisms warrant further investigation, our study
 demonstrates that body size is an important predictor of contemporary
 variation in morphological rates of change. Given the correlations between
 body size and a breadth of morphological, physiological, and ecological
 traits predicted to mediate phenotypic responses to environmental change,
 the relationship between body size and rates of phenotypic change should
 be considered when testing hypotheses about variation in adaptive
 responses to climate change.
description: For information on data collection
 see https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2nhw and
 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fqz612jsp.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgb7
title: Cytoplasmic male sterility and abortive seed traits generated through mitochondrial genome editing coupled with allotopic expression of atp1 in tobacco

description: Genome editing tools have recently been developed that are capable of
 generating deletions and/or rearrangements in plant mitochondrial genomes.
 We utilized custom-designed meganuclease constructs targeting the
 essential mitochondrial gene atp1 in tobacco plants carrying a version of
 atp1 that had been repurposed to function as a nuclear gene. Leaf extracts
 enriched in mitochondria from three independent genome editing events were
 evaluated by PacBio sequencing and analysis. Contigs that display sequence
 homology to the reference mitochondrial genome BA000042 are deposited
 here. Some of the contigs correspond to the tobacco mitochondrial genome
 as expected, while others corresponded to sequences from the nucleus where
 the ancient transfer of portions of the mitochondrial genome became
 incorporated into the nuclear genome. Still other contigs correspond to
 the chloroplast genome, or pieces of the chloroplast genome anciently
 transferred to the nucleus, as small fragments of the chloroplast genome
 are interspersed in plant mitochondrial genomes. Analysis of contigs of
 genuine mitochondrial origin demonstrated that the double-strand breaks
 imposed by the genome editing enzymes resulted in the deletion of atp1 and
 neighboring sequences, along with rearrangements in overall genome
 structure.
description: Three tobacco samples that have been enriched for the
 mitochondria (MT) were sequenced on a PacBio Sequel IIe in HiFi-CCS
 mode. Sequences in the vicinity of the essential gene atp1 in the
 mitochondrial genomes have been edited. The HiFi reads
 for the three samples were mapped to reference tobacco MT genome BA000042
 using Minimap2 (version 2.24-r1122) with the flags -ax map-hifi
 --sam-hit-only. The read identifiers for the reads that mapped to BA000042
 were then saved and used to select a subset of the raw reads. The read
 subset for each sample was assembled using hifiasm (version 0.16.1-r375)
 with the -l 0 flag and the assembled contigs can be found in the fasta
 files. In select cases, trimmed, hand-curated contigs are also shown in
 addition to the original assembly fasta file.
description: The data files are in fasta format.