DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18356058
title: Gravity as the Emergent Manifestation of Dual Attractive Forces: The Electromagnetic-Thermodynamic Unification Through  Energetic Potential Equilibration

description: The history of science demonstrates that the predictive ecacy of a mathematical modeldoes not validate its physical ontology. The Caloric Theory quantied heat exchanges withprecision before being discarded for failing to explain the nature of energy. Analogously,Statistical Thermodynamics quanties states of disorder but fails to identify the fundamentalforce driving thermal ow.By replacing causal forces with probability distributions, modern physics commits acategory error, confusing the map (mathematical description) with the territory (physicalreality). Under Popper's strict criterion, theories based purely on mathematical abstractionsthat oer no testable and falsiable physical mechanismsuch as spacetime curvature orstatistical entropyoperate in the domain of pseudoscience, as they shield themselves fromempirical refutation through adjustable parameters. This work seeks to restore the primacyof Physics: the identication of experimentally veriable fundamental forces.We present a unied theoretical framework demonstrating that gravitational phenomenaemerge from two fundamental attractive forces, both manifestations of energetic potentialequilibration in the fabric of the cosmos (e.g., molecules, atoms, subatomic particles, etc.).Through systematic experimental falsication, we demonstrate: (1) Maxwell's Equationsfail in three-dimensional systems where magnetic repulsion in spherical bodies (e.g., planets, stars) is geometrically impossible; (2) thermal gradients function as vectorial attractiveforces capable of generating negentropy and performing mechanical work independently ofbulk temperature; and (3) electromagnetic and thermal potentials are identical phenomenaboth representing not 'electric' but 'energetic potential dierences' inside matter. Wederive the fundamental equivalence e∆V ≡ kB∆T and demonstrate that gravity is themacroscopic manifestation of matter seeking equilibration through: (i) 3D magnetic alignment (structural lock) governing solid aggregation, and (ii) thermal attraction (orbital pull)governing uid motion and planetary orbits. Elliptical orbits emerge naturally as the dynamic breathing pattern between these competing attractive forces, with orbital asymmetry and axial tilt arising from the complementary transformational mechanics of the dualforces, eliminating the need for curved spacetime, dark matter, or General Relativity. Thiswork unies electromagnetism and thermodynamics, revealing them as dierent experimental probes of the same underlying physics of energetic potential gradients.
description: The Experimental Validation of Thermal Causal Force

Note on the January 23, 2026 Revised Edition:

This updated version introduces a critical experimental protocol in Section 4.7 ("The Snow Sublimation Experiment: Falsifying Statistical Thermodynamics"), which provides decisive empirical evidence distinguishing between statistical descriptions and physical causality.

The observed phenomenon—where liquid water submerged in snow freezes prior to sublimation, while the adjacent solid snow sublimates directly—constitutes a falsification of standard kinetic theory predictions based solely on vapor pressure and probabilistic distributions. This paradox is resolved only by recognizing the Thermal Gradient not as a statistical tendency, but as a Vectorial Field Force capable of performing mechanical work on matter.

Key Implications Introduced in This Update:





Thermodynamic Ontology: We demonstrate that the thermal gradient acts differentially based on the state of matter: it extracts energy from high-potential liquids (causing structural collapse/freezing) and extracts mass from structurally locked solids (causing sublimation). This validates the existence of a fundamental attractive force independent of entropy statistics.




Cosmological Scalability: The identified "Thermal Attraction" that overcomes the binding energy of the ice lattice to cause sublimation is the same fundamental force (Fthermal=−kT∇T) that, on a macroscopic scale, governs planetary orbital mechanics and atmospheric retention.




Gravitational Unification: This experiment provides the microscopic mechanism supporting the "Venus Paradox" resolution (Section 9.5), confirming that mass attraction (gravity) is intrinsically modulated by the thermal state of the core, unifying thermodynamics and gravitation into a single causal framework.
description: Additional Material Added in This Update:

A supplementary document has been included: "Gemini_Thread_Philosophical_Discussion.pdf"

This PDF contains a detailed dialogue with Google's Gemini AI system exploring the philosophical foundations of modern physics through the lens of Karl Popper's demarcation criteria between science and pseudoscience. The discussion examines the empirical testability and falsifiability of fundamental physical theories, with particular focus on:



The application of Popper's falsifiability criterion to experimental observations

The distinction between mathematical description and physical causation

The transition from classical to statistical formulations in thermodynamics

The epistemological implications of probabilistic versus deterministic frameworks


The conversation provides philosophical context for understanding the methodological approach employed in this paper, particularly regarding the relationship between theoretical predictions and experimental outcomes in the evaluation of established physical models.