cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638715
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.107, PFAnep 1126.107

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.107, PFUT 1126-107 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110640071
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1177.202, PFAnep 1177.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1177.202, PFUT 1177-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, right edge, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, upper edge. Gouge on reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638714
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.106, PFAnep 1126.106

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.106, PFUT 1126-106 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110640061
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1178.201, PFAnep 1178.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1178.201, PFUT 1178-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on all sides. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Breakage on reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638711
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.107, PFAnep 1126.107

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.107, PFUT 1126-107 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on obverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641914
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0313.202, PFAnep 0313.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0313.202, PFUT 0313-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impression on reverse? ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Left edge broken off. Cracks on obverse. Much of reverse broken off. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634707
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 712, PFAT 712

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 712 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on left edge and upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641911
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0314.201, PFAnep 0314.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0314.201, PFUT 0314-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impression on obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Left and right edges broken, as well as parts of obverse. Wear or deposits on reverse, upper edge. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634705
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 712, PFAT 712

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 712 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on left edge and upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641902
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0314.201, PFAnep 0314.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0314.201, PFUT 0314-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impression on obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Left and right edges broken, as well as parts of obverse. Wear or deposits on reverse, upper edge. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641888
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0313.202, PFAnep 0313.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0313.202, PFUT 0313-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impression on reverse? ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Left edge broken off. Cracks on obverse. Much of reverse broken off. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634704
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 712, PFAT 712

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 712 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on left edge and upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634702
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 712, PFAT 712

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 712 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on left edge and upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641887
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0313.201, PFAnep 0313.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0313.201, PFUT 0313-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on bottom edge, left edge, obverse. Right side, on diagonal broken off. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638190
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1061.102, PFAnep 1061.102

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1061.102, PFUT 1061-102 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Gouge on left edge, hole on right edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634701
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 712, PFAT 712

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 712 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on left edge and upper edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638187
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1042.101, PFAnep 1042.101

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1042.101, PFUT 1042-101 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638706
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.106, PFAnep 1126.106

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.106, PFUT 1126-106 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638147
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0485.201, PFAnep 0485.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0485.201, PFUT 0485-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impression on obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] left edge broken, cracks and breakage on right edge, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638702
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.105, PFAnep 1126.105

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.105, PFUT 1126-105 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638146
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0447.202, PFAnep 0447.202

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0447.202, PFUT 0447-202 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] left side of tablet missing; cracks on obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638137
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0500.201, PFAnep 0500.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0500.201, PFUT 0500-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on left edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Only part of left edge and obverse intact. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638701
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.105, PFAnep 1126.105

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.105, PFUT 1126-105 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638694
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1126.105, PFAnep 1126.105

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1126.105, PFUT 1126-105 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641886
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0313.201, PFAnep 0313.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0313.201, PFUT 0313-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on bottom edge, left edge, obverse, reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on bottom edge, left edge, obverse. Right side, on diagonal broken off. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17569336
title: Resonance-tracking capacitive sensing beyond the linear and adiabatic limits: raw data and analysis files
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17569335
title: Resonance-tracking capacitive sensing beyond the linear and adiabatic limits: raw data and analysis files
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110638688
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 1121.102, PFAnep 1121.102

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 1121.102, PFUT 1121-102 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impression on obverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Crack on reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Upper edge and bottom edge may be reversed.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641881
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0312.201, PFAnep 0312.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0312.201, PFUT 0312-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge, upper right corner, right edge broken off. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634697
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 711, PFAT 711

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 711 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse and reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on all sides.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110641876
title: Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 0312.201, PFAnep 0312.201

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 0312.201, PFUT 0312-201 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with seal impressions on obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Bottom edge, upper right corner, right edge broken off. (Upper and bottom edges may be reversed)
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634696
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 711, PFAT 711

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 711 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse and reverse. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on all sides.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc1sto1613373
title: InscriptiFact -- an image database of inscriptions and artifacts

description: The InscriptiFact Collection is designed to allow access via the Internet to high-resolution images of ancient inscriptions and artifacts, primarily from the Near Eastern and Mediterranean Worlds. The targeted inscriptions constitute some of the world’s earliest written records, which are mostly housed in a number of international museums and libraries, as well as field projects where inscriptions still remain in situ. Included, for example, are, selected Dead Sea Scrolls; cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, Persia, Canaan and Egypt; early Jewish papyri from Egypt; lapidary inscriptions, primarily from Jordan, Lebanon and Cyprus; inscriptions on a variety of hard media (e.g., ostraca, copper, semi-precious stones, jar handles) mostly written in early Canaanite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Ammonite and Edomite; and much more. These ancient texts are foundational documents that serve as a point of reference for Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the cultures out of which they emerged. The name "InscriptiFact" is intended to convey the concept of a scholarly archive based on "facts" about "inscriptions" and "artifacts." West Semitic Research Project (WSRP) under the auspices of the University of Southern California (USC) is broadly acknowledged as a leader in the application of photographic and digital technologies to capture and analyze data of ancient texts. The West Semitic Research image archive now contains approximately 1,500,000 images. Important! Search terms with more than one word or number need to be enclosed in quotation marks.Guide to Searching InscriptiFact
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110634676
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 710, PFAT 710

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 710 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with Aramaic text. Seal impressions on flat edge, obverse, reverse and upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Damage or cracks on bottom edge, obverse, reverse and upper edge.