cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129581
title: Supplementary Material for: Concordant Patterns of Brain Structure in Mothers with Recurrent Depression and Their Never-Depressed Daughters

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> A growing body of research has demonstrated that having a mother with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the strongest predictors of depression in adolescent offspring. Few studies, however, have assessed neural markers of this increased risk for depression, or examined whether risk-related anomalies in adolescents at maternal risk for depression are related to neural abnormalities in their depressed mothers. We addressed these questions by examining concordance in brain structure in two groups of participants: mothers with a history of depression and their never-depressed daughters, and never-depressed mothers and their never-depressed daughters. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We scanned mothers with (remitted; RMD) and without (control; CTL) a history of recurrent episodes of depression and their never-depressed daughters, computed cortical gray matter thickness, and tested whether mothers' thickness predicted daughters' thickness. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both RMD mothers and their high-risk daughters exhibited focal areas of thinner cortical gray matter compared with their CTL/low-risk counterparts. Importantly, the extent of thickness anomalies in RMD mothers predicted analogous abnormalities in their daughters; this pattern was not present in CTL/low-risk dyads. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We identified neuroanatomical risk factors that may underlie the intergenerational transmission of risk for MDD. Our findings suggest that there is concordance in brain structure in dyads that is affected by maternal depression, and that the location, direction, and extent of neural anomalies in high-risk offspring mirror those of their recurrent depressed mothers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129584
title: Supplementary Material for: Isobolographic Analysis of Interaction for Three-Drug Combination of Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital and Topiramate in the Mouse Maximal Electroshock-Induced Seizure Model

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> To characterize the anticonvulsant effects of a combination of 3 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs; i.e. carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital (PB) and topiramate (TPM)) at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice by a current (sine-wave, 25 mA, 500 V, 50 Hz, 0.2 s stimulus duration) delivered via auricular electrodes. Type I isobolographic analysis for parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs) was used to analyze the 3-drug combination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the mouse MES model, all the studied AEDs (i.e. CBZ, PB and TPM) administered singly had their DRRCs parallel to each other. With type I isobolography for parallel DRRCs, a combination of CBZ, PB and TPM at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 exerted supra-additive (synergistic) interaction in the mouse MES model. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Synergistic interaction among CBZ, PB and TPM at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 against MES-induced seizures is worthy of consideration in further clinical settings. All detailed calculations required to perform type I isobolographic analysis for the 3-drug combination were presented.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129575.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Healthcare Burden and Costs Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Analysis Based on a Large Sample of 456,586 German Patients

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We examined the real-world treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population, evaluated UTI-related healthcare resource use and direct treatment costs, and assessed factors that may predict UTI-related costs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed an anonymized dataset from a regional German healthcare fund (2010-2012). UTI-associated resource use was described by the number of UTI-associated outpatient visits, the number and length of UTI-related acute hospital visits, and the number of UTI-related antibiotics prescriptions. UTI-related direct treatment costs were studied both based on these resource use numbers and, additionally, based on a comparison of all-cause annual healthcare costs of T2DM-patients who were or were not affected by a UTI. To identify factors that might predict direct treatment costs related to UTI treatment, we conducted generalized linear regression model analyses (based on gamma distribution) using sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of observed patients as available in the database as independent variables. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 456,586 T2DM-patients were included with a mean age of 73.8, a percentage of 56.3 female patients, and a mean Charlson comorbidity index of 7.3. In our database, we observed 48,337 UTI events. The direct mean resource-based costs were €315.90 per UTI event. Older age, higher comorbidity status, at least one previous non-UTI infection, and poorer renal function were associated with higher costs, while female gender and at least one previous UTI event were associated with lower costs. In the all-cause cost analysis, healthcare costs per patient year were €3,916 higher in the UTI group than in the non-UTI group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study confirms that UTI is a common complication in patients with T2DM. Patients with T2DM who have had previous infections, who are older, and who are male, as well as patients who have more comorbidities or severe renal insufficiency, face above-average UTI treatment costs. These patient groups, therefore, should receive special attention in the real-world treatment of T2DM, which should include a regular screening of UTI risk.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129563
title: Supplementary Material for: Soy Consumption with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The association of soy product consumption with the relative risk of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed at investigating whether an association exists between soy consumption and the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for case-control and cohort studies that assessed soy consumption and the risk of stroke and CHD. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% CIs were combined by using a random-effects model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of a total of 1,266 abstracts, 5 prospective cohort and 6 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria, and comprised 4,954 stroke and 7,616 CHD events. Based on the high vs. low analyses, combining cohort studies showed no association between soy intake and risk of stroke (SRR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70-1.10; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.236; I<sup>2</sup> = 29.4%) or CHD (SRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.74-1.27; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.020; I<sup>2</sup> = 62.7%), although a significantly inverse association between soy intake and the risk of stroke (SRR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.87; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> = 79.3%) and CHD (SRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.56-0.77; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.421; I<sup>2</sup> = 0) was observed in case-control studies. No association between soy isoflavone intake and the risk of stroke and CHD was identified. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There was limited evidence to indicate that soy consumption was inversely associated with the risk of stroke and CHD, although further studies, with prospective designs that use validated questionnaires and control for important confounders, are warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129566
title: Supplementary Material for: Cognitive Function and White Matter Changes Associated with Renal Transplantation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a disease with an aging population and a high prevalence of cognitive impairment affecting quality of life, health care costs and mortality. Structural changes in the brain with decreased white matter integrity have been observed in ESRD. Understanding the changes in cognition and associated changes in brain structure after renal transplantation can help define the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in ESRD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study in ESRD patients listed for renal transplantation and followed them post-transplantation. We assessed their cognitive function with a battery of neuropsychological tests and brain white matter integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) both before transplant and 3 months after transplant. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eleven patients, aged 56.5 ± 10.7 years, completed the study. Cognitive measures of memory and executive function improved after the transplant, specifically on tests of logical memory I (p = 0.004), logical memory II (p = 0.003) and digit symbol (p &lt; 0.0001). DTI metrics also improved post the transplant with an increase in fractional anisotropy (p = 0.01) and decrease in mean diffusivity (p = 0.004). These changes were more prominent in tracts associated with memory and executive function. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Cognitive function, particularly memory and executive function, improve post the transplant with concurrent improvements in white matter integrity in tracts associated with memory and executive function. These data suggest that abnormalities in cognition and brain structure seen in the ESRD population are at least partially reversible.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129569
title: Supplementary Material for: Differentiation between Phyllodes Tumors and Fibroadenomas Based on Mammographic Sonographic and MRI Features

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> This study was performed to compare the mammographic, sonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas, which may resemble each other. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Preoperative mammograms, B-mode and Doppler sonograms, and dynamic breast MRIs of 72 patients with pathologically proven fibroadenomas and 70 patients with pathologically proven phyllodes tumor were evaluated in this retrospective study. Statistical significance was evaluated using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Correlations in lesion size among radiological methods were examined by Pearson's correlation analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The features that differed on mammogram were size, shape, and margin of the mass. Sonograms showed significant differences in size, shape, margin, echo pattern, and vascularization of the mass. Pearson's correlation analysis showed strong agreement among radiological methods in terms of assessment of size. Tumor size ≥ 3 cm, irregular shape, microlobulated margins, complex internal echo pattern, and hypervascularity were significant findings of phyllodes tumors. Internal cystic areas on MRI were frequently associated with phyllodes tumors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Mammographic, sonographic, and MRI findings of fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors could help radiologists to ascertain imaging-histological concordance and guide clinicians in their decision making regarding adequate follow-up or the necessity of biopsy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129560
title: Supplementary Material for: Multi-Contrast High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Findings of Spontaneous and Unruptured Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis According to Stages

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) has been used as a strong imaging method for diagnosing intracranial vertebral artery dissection (IVAD), the diagnosis is sometimes challenging because a dissection has geometric changes in the natural course. The radiologic features may change or disappear over time, which makes the diagnosis confusing. Our study was to present radiological findings according to the stages in spontaneous and unruptured, IVAD on 3T HR-MRI and to guide the age estimation of IVAD with the distinguishing findings according to the stages. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From January 2011 to July 2014, the 41 vertebral arteries (M:F = 18:12; age range 32-67 years) were retrospectively enrolled. Spontaneous, unruptured IVAD was diagnosed if it had a clear onset based on clinical and radiological findings. The stages were classified as acute (0-3 days), early subacute (3-10 days), late subacute (10-60 days) and chronic stage (&gt;60 days; recovery and non-recovery groups) according to the time intervals from symptom onset, based on the prior published studies. HR-MR findings were assessed and compared in the intimal flap, double lumen, aneurysmal dilatation (maximal outer diameter, maximal wall thickness, wall thickness index and remodeling index), intramural hematoma (relative signal intensity) and vessel wall enhancement according to the stages with qualitative and quantitative methods. Two radiologists analyzed the HR-MR findings with consensus reading. <b><i>Results:</i></b> IVAD was classified into acute (n = 6), early subacute (n = 8), late subacute (n = 16) and chronic (n = 11) stages. HR-MR dissection findings such as intimal flap, double lumen, aneurysmal dilatation and intramural hematoma significantly decreased from the earlier stages to the chronic stage (p &lt; 0.05). The quantitative indices in aneurysmal dilatation and the relative signal intensity of intramural hematoma showed significant higher values in the earlier stages followed by a significant decrease in the chronic stage recovery group (p &lt; 0.05). The degree of vessel wall enhancement was higher in the earlier stage and decreased in the chronic stage (p &lt; 0.05), but mild vessel wall enhancement was identified 900 days after symptom onset. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The 3T HR-MRI reveals the vessel wall characteristics and provides distinguishing findings between earlier stages and the chronic stage in spontaneous and unruptured IVAD. Characterization of these radiological findings according to stages may assist with the age estimation of the dissection and may help to understand IVAD as a whole.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129572
title: Supplementary Material for: The Economics of Cognitive Impairment: Volunteering and Cognitive Function in the HILDA Survey

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The economic impact of older-age cognitive impairment has been estimated primarily by the direct and indirect costs associated with dementia care. Other potential costs associated with milder cognitive impairment in the community have received little attention. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To quantify the cost of nonclinical cognitive impairment in a large population-based sample in order to more fully inform cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions to maintain cognitive health. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Volunteering by seniors has economic value but those with lower cognitive function may contribute fewer hours. Relations between hours volunteering and cognitive impairment were assessed using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data. These findings were extrapolated to the Australian population to estimate one potential cost attributable to nonclinical cognitive impairment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In those aged ≥60 years in HILDA (n = 3,127), conservatively defined cognitive impairment was present in 3.8% of the sample. Impairment was defined by performance ≥1 standard deviation below the age- and education-adjusted mean on both the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Backwards Digit Span test. In fully adjusted binomial regression models, impairment was associated with the probability of undertaking 1 h 9 min less volunteering a week compared to being nonimpaired (β = -1.15, 95% confidence interval -1.82 to -0.47, p = 0.001). In the population, 3.8% impairment equated to probable loss of AUD 302,307,969 per annum estimated by hours of volunteering valued by replacement cost. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nonclinical cognitive impairment in older age impacts upon on the nonmonetary economy via probable loss of volunteering contribution. Valuing loss of contribution provides additional information for cost-effectiveness evaluations of research and action directed toward maintaining older-age cognitive functioning.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129563.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Soy Consumption with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The association of soy product consumption with the relative risk of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed at investigating whether an association exists between soy consumption and the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for case-control and cohort studies that assessed soy consumption and the risk of stroke and CHD. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% CIs were combined by using a random-effects model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of a total of 1,266 abstracts, 5 prospective cohort and 6 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria, and comprised 4,954 stroke and 7,616 CHD events. Based on the high vs. low analyses, combining cohort studies showed no association between soy intake and risk of stroke (SRR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70-1.10; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.236; I<sup>2</sup> = 29.4%) or CHD (SRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.74-1.27; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.020; I<sup>2</sup> = 62.7%), although a significantly inverse association between soy intake and the risk of stroke (SRR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.87; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> = 79.3%) and CHD (SRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.56-0.77; P<sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.421; I<sup>2</sup> = 0) was observed in case-control studies. No association between soy isoflavone intake and the risk of stroke and CHD was identified. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There was limited evidence to indicate that soy consumption was inversely associated with the risk of stroke and CHD, although further studies, with prospective designs that use validated questionnaires and control for important confounders, are warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129569.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Differentiation between Phyllodes Tumors and Fibroadenomas Based on Mammographic Sonographic and MRI Features

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> This study was performed to compare the mammographic, sonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas, which may resemble each other. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Preoperative mammograms, B-mode and Doppler sonograms, and dynamic breast MRIs of 72 patients with pathologically proven fibroadenomas and 70 patients with pathologically proven phyllodes tumor were evaluated in this retrospective study. Statistical significance was evaluated using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Correlations in lesion size among radiological methods were examined by Pearson's correlation analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The features that differed on mammogram were size, shape, and margin of the mass. Sonograms showed significant differences in size, shape, margin, echo pattern, and vascularization of the mass. Pearson's correlation analysis showed strong agreement among radiological methods in terms of assessment of size. Tumor size ≥ 3 cm, irregular shape, microlobulated margins, complex internal echo pattern, and hypervascularity were significant findings of phyllodes tumors. Internal cystic areas on MRI were frequently associated with phyllodes tumors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Mammographic, sonographic, and MRI findings of fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors could help radiologists to ascertain imaging-histological concordance and guide clinicians in their decision making regarding adequate follow-up or the necessity of biopsy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129554
title: Supplementary Material for: Prestroke Antiplatelet Agents in First-Time Ischemic Stroke Are Related to Subtypes

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> It is not well known whether prestroke antiplatelet agents (PAs) are associated with the subtypes of ischemic stroke. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We screened patients in a hospital-based stroke registry. Patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of first-time ischemic stroke within 5 days of symptom onset were included. Ischemic stroke subtypes were classified in accordance with the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification based on stroke mechanism: large-artery atherosclerosis (LA), cardioembolism (CE), small vessel occlusion (SVO), other determined (OC) or undetermined causes (UC). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of PA on stroke subtypes before and after propensity score matching. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 3,025 patients, 748 (24.7%) were taking antiplatelet agents prior to stroke. After propensity score matching, 1,190 patients were ultimately included. The PA group was associated with strokes caused by SVO rather than LA in multinomial logistic regression of an unmatched dataset. However, multivariable analysis after propensity score matching demonstrated that PA use was associated with a higher probability of SVO and CE (OR 2.05, p &lt; 0.001 and OR 1.62, p = 0.05, respectively) compared with LA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PAs were associated with specific index stroke subtypes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129557
title: Supplementary Material for: The ‘Brain Shadowing Sign': A Novel Marker of Fetal Craniosynostosis

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The prenatal diagnosis of fetal craniosynostosis is challenging, especially in single-suture cases. When sutures are obliterated, sound waves fail to penetrate the cortical bone, creating an evident acoustic shadow on the underlying brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of the ‘brain shadowing sign' (BSS) as a novel sonographic marker for craniosynostosis. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> Patients with an antenatal diagnosis of fetal craniosynostosis (cases) and healthy controls paired for gestational age were enrolled in this retrospective case-control study. Two-dimensional scans were assessed by three examiners for the presence of the BSS and additional fetal findings. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The BSS was clearly depicted in all 24 cases on the first analysis and in 22 cases on the second analysis. No fetus from the control group (n = 48) presented the BSS in any of the analyses. Fifteen cases had isolated craniosynostosis and 9 were syndromic (Apert, Saethre-Chotzen and craniofrontonasal syndromes), which were diagnosed significantly earlier due to additional malformations. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> The BSS is a novel sonographic marker of craniosynostosis which can be used to increase the diagnostic rate of this rare condition and does not require the use of high-definition three-dimensional transducers to be depicted.