DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m905qfvcj
title: Data from: Indirect fitness benefits can reinforce the direct fitness benefits of male mate choice

description: Mating preferences frequently evolve because they confer fitness benefits
 to the chooser. While there is strong evidence for both direct and
 indirect fitness benefits in the context of female mate choice, the
 potential for males to receive indirect benefits from mate choice remains
 understudied. Male mate choice for larger female body size is widespread
 among ectotherms and is generally attributed to the direct fitness
 benefits larger females provide due to their higher fecundity. However,
 when female size is heritable or condition-dependent, males could also
 receive indirect benefits from mating with larger females in the form of
 increased offspring fitness. We tested this possibility in Drosophila
 melanogaster by first confirming the direct fitness benefits associated
 with large females and then comparing the fitness of offspring produced by
 large versus small females. Although female body size did not influence
 offspring juvenile viability, large females produced daughters with higher
 reproductive success than the daughters of small females. Males only
 received these indirect benefits through their daughters, however, as
 reproductive success did not differ significantly between the sons of
 large and small females. Our findings demonstrate that indirect fitness
 benefits can serve to reinforce the direct benefits of male mate choice,
 suggesting that indirect effects may play an underappreciated role in the
 evolution of male preferences.
description: # Data from: Indirect fitness benefits can reinforce the direct fitness
 benefits of male mate choice ## Description of the data and file structure
 **MMCIND_Mom_Fec.csv** Fecundity data for large and small females. Data
 are displayed in Figure 1. “Block” = the experimental block “MomSize” =
 the size of the female (L = large, S = small) "VialID" = the
 replicate vial that the 10 females were sampled from for each block
 "Fecundity" = the fecundity (number of eggs laid) for that
 female **MMCIND_Juv.csv** Juvenile viability data for offspring produced
 by large and small females. Data are displayed in Figure 2. “Block” = the
 experimental block "Vial" = the replicate vial for that block
 "OLRE" = an observation-level random effect added to help with
 over dispersion “FemSize” = the size of the female that produced the eggs
 (L = large, S = small) "TotalRed" = the total number of
 wild-type offspring (i.e., produced by the large or small female) that
 survived to adulthood (out of 30 eggs) "TotalRedDead" = the
 number of wild-type offspring (i.e., produced by the large or small
 female) that did not survive to adulthood "TotalBrown" = the
 total number of brown-eyed competitor offspring that survived to adulthood
 (out of 150 eggs) "TotalFlies" = the total number of flies
 (red+brown) that survived to adulthood (out of 180 eggs)
 **MMCIND_DRS.csv** Reproductive success data for daughters produced by
 large and small females. Data are displayed in Figure 3a. “Block” = the
 experimental block "Vial" = the replicate vial for that block
 “FemSize” = the size of the female that produced the daughters (L = large,
 S = small) "RS" = the reproductive success (total number of
 offspring produced) for that daughter **MMCIND_SRS.csv** Reproductive
 success data for sons produced by large and small females. Data are
 displayed in Figure 3b. “Block” = the experimental block "Vial"
 = the replicate vial for that block “FemSize” = the size of the female
 that produced the sons (L = large, S = small) "TotalRed" = the
 total number of red-eyed offspring sired by that son across the 16 females
 he was held with "TotalBw" = the total number of brown-eyed
 offspring sired by a bw competitor male across the 16 females that the son
 was held with "GrandTotalFlies" = the total number of offspring
 produced by the 16 females "JVRed" = the number of red-eyed
 males present with the target son in the juvenile vial "JVBw" =
 the number of brown-eyed males present with the target son in the juvenile
 vial **MMCIND_OffSize.csv** Offspring size data for daughters and sons
 produced by large and small females. Data are displayed in Figure 4a
 (daughters) and Figure 4b (sons). "Block" = the experimental
 block "FemaleSize" = the size of the female that produced the
 red-eyed offspring "Diameter" = the diameter of the hole size
 for a given sieve (in um) "RedF" = the number of red-eyed
 females (i.e., daughters of large or small females) in a given sieve
 "RedM" = the number of red-eyed males (i.e., sons of large or
 small females) in a given sieve "bwF" = the number of brown-eyed
 competitor females in a given sieve "bwM" = the number of
 brown-eyed competitor males in a given sieve "TotalRed" = the
 total number of red-eyed flies (i.e., males + females) in a given sieve
 "TotalBw" = the total number of brown-eyed competitor flies
 (i.e., males + females) in a given sieve ## Sharing/Access information
 Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: N/A Data was
 derived from the following sources: N/A ## Code/Software ##### R scripts
 for models for analyses testing for direct and indirect fitness benefits
 All analyses performed using R 4.4.1 and the following packages: glmmTMB
 1.1.9 car 3.1.2 emmeans 1.10.3 **MMCIND_Mom_Fec.R** R code for the
 negative binomial GLMM testing for differences in large and small female
 fecundity using the data in MMCIND_Mom_Fec.csv **MMCIND_Juv.R** R code for
 the binomial GLMM testing for differences in juvenile offspring survival
 between offspring produced by large and small females using the data in
 MMCIND_Juv.csv **MMCIND_DRS.R** R code for the negative binomial GLMM
 testing for differences in reproductive success between daughters produced
 by large and small females using the data in MMCIND_DRS.csv
 **MMCIND_SRS.R** R code for the negative binomial GLMM testing for
 differences in reproductive success between sons produced by large and
 small females using the data in MMCIND_SRS.csv **JMP logs for offspring
 size analysis** All analysis performed using JMP 18.
 **MMCIND_OffSizeJMPlogs.rtf** Output logs containing the JMP scripts for
 the following analyses using the data in MMCIND_OffSize.csv: *the
 mixed-effect ANOVA testing for differences in adult body size for
 daughters produced by large and small females *the mixed-effect ANOVA
 testing for differences in adult body size for sons produced by large and
 small females