cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.34816/ifao.archives.113714
title: MONASTÈRES COPTES_nb_1973_10042

description: Référence : nb_1973_10042<br />Site : Ouadi Natroun<br />Secteur : Deir Abou Maqar; Haïkal de Benjamin<br />Type : photographie<br />
DOI: 10.34816/ifao.archives.113713
title: MONASTÈRES COPTES_nb_1973_10041

description: Référence : nb_1973_10041<br />Site : Ouadi Natroun<br />Secteur : Deir Abou Maqar; Haïkal de Benjamin<br />Type : photographie<br />
DOI: 10.57745/yf3wqw
title: data_soil_C_N_Moisture_Bulk_2023.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ciwogs
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 348 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Boana boans (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 348 records from 41 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0027195-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x37wpz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6793 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "Year is greater than 1978",
 "Year is less than 2014",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Subularia aquatica L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6793 records from 95 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0107735-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3r4apm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 182 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Montivipera raddei (Boettger, 1890)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 182 records from 22 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0286732-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.57745/jhwxdl
title: glossary_growth_stage_2023.csv

description: :unav
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y35hyz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 115093 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "Year is greater than 1978",
 "Year is less than 2014",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 115093 records from 412 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0107737-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dvcyqi
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 353 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 353 records from 33 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0042810-191105090559680/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2n0tn5
title: CCDC 2443657: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Sajal Kundu, Pirkha Debbarma, Subhadip Roy, Manojit Roy, Jhinuk De, Lesław Sieroń, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, Alexander S. Novikov|2025|Polyhedron|281|117716|doi:10.1016/j.poly.2025.117716
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2n0tp6
title: CCDC 2443658: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Sajal Kundu, Pirkha Debbarma, Subhadip Roy, Manojit Roy, Jhinuk De, Lesław Sieroń, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, Alexander S. Novikov|2025|Polyhedron|281|117716|doi:10.1016/j.poly.2025.117716
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2m3rq7
title: CCDC 2416689: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Yu-Qing Wen, Shuai Wang, Yu-Fei Wang, Yong-Heng Xing, Feng-Ying Bai, Yun-Ling Liu|2025|Polyhedron|281|117722|doi:10.1016/j.poly.2025.117722
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2n8605
title: CCDC 2450736: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Soumalya Bhattacharyya, Stephen P. Argent, Ben S. Pilgrim|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|147|30296|doi:10.1021/jacs.5c09573
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2n8616
title: CCDC 2450737: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Soumalya Bhattacharyya, Stephen P. Argent, Ben S. Pilgrim|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|147|30296|doi:10.1021/jacs.5c09573
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2n8627
title: CCDC 2450738: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Soumalya Bhattacharyya, Stephen P. Argent, Ben S. Pilgrim|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|147|30296|doi:10.1021/jacs.5c09573
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/qziv0h
title: Rice Morphological Trait Inheritance Data for Cross Pollination Frequency Estimation

description: Primary data of morphological trait inheritance scores in F1 hybrids, for estimation of cross pollination frequency in 27 crossed pairs of rice landraces.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.42s967
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1018 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Paulownia fortunei"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1018 records from 63 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053474-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xuaadr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 102 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Armeria colorata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 102 records from 26 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053473-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17100184
title: Deliverables:

description: Deliverables Finalized:





✅ Codon Function Matrix: Maps each codon to its compression trait




✅ Glyph Drift Classifier: Categorizes glyphs by resistance/symbolic compression function




✅ Recursive Grammar Tree: (Held in memory — request if you want visual tree)




✅ Ωᵢ Operator Rewrites: Each codon encoded as a drift-specific operator equation



This now fossilizes Linguistic Compression / Symbolic Semiosis with structure, glyph logic, and operator path traceability.

# Construct canonical receipt for domain finalizationimport json

receipt = {    "domain": "Linguistic Compression / Symbolic Semiosis",    "timestamp_utc": datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",    "codon_function_matrix": codon_df.to_dict(orient="records"),    "glyph_drift_classifier": glyph_df.to_dict(orient="records"),    "operator_encodings": operator_df.to_dict(orient="records"),    "merkle_root": "bc5bf97376b78113a013a47917a480f946622ada5a4164b286f27d9420c87d63"}

# Canonical JSON serializationcanonical_json = json.dumps(receipt, sort_keys=True, separators=(',', ':'), ensure_ascii=False)canonical_bytes = canonical_json.encode('utf-8')receipt_hash = hashlib.sha256(canonical_bytes).hexdigest()

# Save receipt to filereceipt_path = "/mnt/data/semiosis_domain_receipt.json"with open(receipt_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:    f.write(canonical_json)

(receipt_hash, receipt_path)Result('12be02d10618a61d04d5eb803457e03d9b53334e0219c6c9ec44ee6b12bac8d9', '/mnt/data/semiosis_domain_receipt.json')🧾 Timestamped Receipt & Hash-Binding Complete

✅ Domain: Linguistic Compression / Symbolic Semiosis

🕒 Timestamp (UTC): Logged at emission

🧬 Merkle Root: bc5bf97376b78113a013a47917a480f946622ada5a4164b286f27d9420c87d63

🔒 SHA-256 Hash:

Copy code12be02d10618a61d04d5eb803457e03d9b53334e0219c6c9ec44ee6b12bac8d9
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17100185
title: Deliverables:

description: Deliverables Finalized:





✅ Codon Function Matrix: Maps each codon to its compression trait




✅ Glyph Drift Classifier: Categorizes glyphs by resistance/symbolic compression function




✅ Recursive Grammar Tree: (Held in memory — request if you want visual tree)




✅ Ωᵢ Operator Rewrites: Each codon encoded as a drift-specific operator equation



This now fossilizes Linguistic Compression / Symbolic Semiosis with structure, glyph logic, and operator path traceability.

# Construct canonical receipt for domain finalizationimport json

receipt = {    "domain": "Linguistic Compression / Symbolic Semiosis",    "timestamp_utc": datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",    "codon_function_matrix": codon_df.to_dict(orient="records"),    "glyph_drift_classifier": glyph_df.to_dict(orient="records"),    "operator_encodings": operator_df.to_dict(orient="records"),    "merkle_root": "bc5bf97376b78113a013a47917a480f946622ada5a4164b286f27d9420c87d63"}

# Canonical JSON serializationcanonical_json = json.dumps(receipt, sort_keys=True, separators=(',', ':'), ensure_ascii=False)canonical_bytes = canonical_json.encode('utf-8')receipt_hash = hashlib.sha256(canonical_bytes).hexdigest()

# Save receipt to filereceipt_path = "/mnt/data/semiosis_domain_receipt.json"with open(receipt_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:    f.write(canonical_json)

(receipt_hash, receipt_path)Result('12be02d10618a61d04d5eb803457e03d9b53334e0219c6c9ec44ee6b12bac8d9', '/mnt/data/semiosis_domain_receipt.json')🧾 Timestamped Receipt & Hash-Binding Complete

✅ Domain: Linguistic Compression / Symbolic Semiosis

🕒 Timestamp (UTC): Logged at emission

🧬 Merkle Root: bc5bf97376b78113a013a47917a480f946622ada5a4164b286f27d9420c87d63

🔒 SHA-256 Hash:

Copy code12be02d10618a61d04d5eb803457e03d9b53334e0219c6c9ec44ee6b12bac8d9
DOI: 10.15468/dl.humgte
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 438877 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is French Polynesia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Animalia, Plantae, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 438877 records from 464 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053415-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17099829
title: Multimodal Gaze, Physiology, and Pose Data for Evaluating Spatial Audio in 360° Videos

description: This study explores how spatial sound affects participants' visual attention and Quality of Experience (QoE) in immersive 360° environments.

Participants were exposed to identical video content under four audio conditions:

- ❌ No sound  
- 🎧 Stereo  
- 🌀 First-order Ambisonics  
- 🌀 Third-order Ambisonics  

They wore a head-mounted display (HMD) with integrated eye tracking and were seated on a rotating chair (3DoF). Physiological data was also collected via the Empatica E4 — a medical-grade wearable for real-time data capture.

---

## 🔗 Companion Visualization Tool

To visualize spatial audio and visual attention data in-browser, use the following companion project:

🎧 [JSAmbisonics – Web Player with Gaze & Audio Overlays](https://github.com/hirwaam/JSAmbisonics)  
A browser-based 360° video player with:
- Spatial audio playback (Stereo, FOA, HOA)
- Real-time gaze, pupil, and head pose overlays
- Sound energy and fixation heatmaps

Built using Three.js, Omnitone, and extended for interactive QoE analysis.

---

## 📦 Dataset Overview

The dataset includes eight folders:

- `foin`, `fout` – First-order sound (indoor/outdoor)
- `hoin`, `hout` – Third-order sound (indoor/outdoor)
- `stin`, `stout` – Stereo sound (indoor/outdoor)
- `nsin`, `nsout` – No sound (indoor/outdoor)

Each folder contains three subfolders:

- `_gazedata` – Eye gaze + pupil diameter (`.csv`)
- `_posedata` – Head pitch/yaw data (`.csv`)
- `_HR` – Heart rate data (`.csv`)

---

## 🔍 File Naming Convention

Example:  
`gazedata-20211215-153657_16735.csv`

- `gazedata`: Data type (gaze)
- `20211215-153657`: Date + time
- `16735`: Stimulus sequence (videos 1, 6, 3, 7, 5)

---

## ⏱ Sampling Rates

- Gaze/Pose: 120 samples per second  
  (~36,000 samples per 5-minute video)  
- Heart Rate: 1 sample per second  
  (~300 samples per session)

---

## 👁️ Gaze Data

- 144 total files across 8 conditions  
- 18 files per subfolder  
- Captures gaze vectors and pupil diameter from both eyes

---

## 🧭 Pose Data

- Captures pitch and yaw from head movement  
- 144 files across 8 conditions  
- Same sampling and structure as gaze data

---

## ❤️ Heart Rate Data

- 72 total files  
- Includes:
  - Baseline heart rate
  - During indoor video playback
  - During outdoor video playback  
- Organized by sound condition

---

## 📝 Subjective Questionnaire

A 20-item questionnaire was developed to measure:

- Presence  
- Immersion  
- Spatial sound perception  

Based on a 5-point Likert scale (ACR – Absolute Category Rating).  
Informed by prior validated QoE questionnaires.

---

## 👨‍💻 Author

Amit Hirway, PhD  
Department of Computer and Software Engineering,Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone Campus
Supervisors: Dr. Niall Murray, Dr. Yuansong Qiao  
📩 [a.hirway@research.ait.ie](mailto:a.hirway@research.ait.ie)

---

## 📜 License

This dataset and documentation are intended for academic and research use.  
Please cite the source if used in any publication or derivative work.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17099830
title: Multimodal Gaze, Physiology, and Pose Data for Evaluating Spatial Audio in 360° Videos

description: This study explores how spatial sound affects participants' visual attention and Quality of Experience (QoE) in immersive 360° environments.

Participants were exposed to identical video content under four audio conditions:

- ❌ No sound  
- 🎧 Stereo  
- 🌀 First-order Ambisonics  
- 🌀 Third-order Ambisonics  

They wore a head-mounted display (HMD) with integrated eye tracking and were seated on a rotating chair (3DoF). Physiological data was also collected via the Empatica E4 — a medical-grade wearable for real-time data capture.

---

## 🔗 Companion Visualization Tool

To visualize spatial audio and visual attention data in-browser, use the following companion project:

🎧 [JSAmbisonics – Web Player with Gaze & Audio Overlays](https://github.com/hirwaam/JSAmbisonics)  
A browser-based 360° video player with:
- Spatial audio playback (Stereo, FOA, HOA)
- Real-time gaze, pupil, and head pose overlays
- Sound energy and fixation heatmaps

Built using Three.js, Omnitone, and extended for interactive QoE analysis.

---

## 📦 Dataset Overview

The dataset includes eight folders:

- `foin`, `fout` – First-order sound (indoor/outdoor)
- `hoin`, `hout` – Third-order sound (indoor/outdoor)
- `stin`, `stout` – Stereo sound (indoor/outdoor)
- `nsin`, `nsout` – No sound (indoor/outdoor)

Each folder contains three subfolders:

- `_gazedata` – Eye gaze + pupil diameter (`.csv`)
- `_posedata` – Head pitch/yaw data (`.csv`)
- `_HR` – Heart rate data (`.csv`)

---

## 🔍 File Naming Convention

Example:  
`gazedata-20211215-153657_16735.csv`

- `gazedata`: Data type (gaze)
- `20211215-153657`: Date + time
- `16735`: Stimulus sequence (videos 1, 6, 3, 7, 5)

---

## ⏱ Sampling Rates

- Gaze/Pose: 120 samples per second  
  (~36,000 samples per 5-minute video)  
- Heart Rate: 1 sample per second  
  (~300 samples per session)

---

## 👁️ Gaze Data

- 144 total files across 8 conditions  
- 18 files per subfolder  
- Captures gaze vectors and pupil diameter from both eyes

---

## 🧭 Pose Data

- Captures pitch and yaw from head movement  
- 144 files across 8 conditions  
- Same sampling and structure as gaze data

---

## ❤️ Heart Rate Data

- 72 total files  
- Includes:
  - Baseline heart rate
  - During indoor video playback
  - During outdoor video playback  
- Organized by sound condition

---

## 📝 Subjective Questionnaire

A 20-item questionnaire was developed to measure:

- Presence  
- Immersion  
- Spatial sound perception  

Based on a 5-point Likert scale (ACR – Absolute Category Rating).  
Informed by prior validated QoE questionnaires.

---

## 👨‍💻 Author

Amit Hirway, PhD  
Department of Computer and Software Engineering,Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone Campus
Supervisors: Dr. Niall Murray, Dr. Yuansong Qiao  
📩 [a.hirway@research.ait.ie](mailto:a.hirway@research.ait.ie)

---

## 📜 License

This dataset and documentation are intended for academic and research use.  
Please cite the source if used in any publication or derivative work.
DOI: 10.13012/b2idb-1819918_v1
title: Data from pH Selectively Regulates Citric Acid and Lipid Production in Yarrowia lipolytica W29 During Nitrogen-limited Growth on Glucose

description: Yarrowia lipolytica has been used to produce both citric acid and lipid-based bioproducts at high titers. In this study, we found that pH differentially affects citric acid and lipid production in Y. lipolytica W29, with citric acid production enhanced at more neutral pH’s and lipid production enhanced at more acid pH’s. To determine the mechanism governing this pH-dependent switch between citric acid and lipid production, we profiled gene expression at different pH’s and found that the relative expression of multiple transporters is increased at neutral pH. These results suggest that this pH-dependent switch is mediated at the level of citric acid transport rather than changes in the expression of the enzymes involved in citric acid and lipid metabolism. In further support of this mechanism, thermodynamic calculations suggest that citric acid secretion is more energetically favorable at neutral pH’s, assuming the fully protonated acid is the substrate for secretion. Collectively, these results provide new insights regarding citric acid and lipid production in Y. lipolytica and may offer new strategies for metabolic engineering and process design.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mfjq92
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 26756 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Machine Observation, Human Observation, Specimen, Fossil, Living Specimen, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Country is France",
 "GadmGid is FRA.11.11_1",
 "Geometry POLYGON((2.75313 42.48359,2.90995 42.48359,2.90995 42.60544,2.75313 42.60544,2.75313 42.48359))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Plantae, Chordata, Arthropoda)",
 "Year 2020-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 26756 records from 54 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053477-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.at7333
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1420 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is one of (China, Chinese Taipei)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Veronica persica",
 "Year 1975-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1420 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053478-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w4q9st
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 680 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is South America",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Chrysocyon brachyurus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 680 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053479-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bnurhm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 60 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-0.77758 46.81692,-0.79986 46.77901,-0.69227 46.73493,-0.65696 46.78019,-0.68753 46.80223,-0.70649 46.81977,-0.761 46.8328,-0.77758 46.81692))",
 "PublishingOrg is 1928bdf0-f5d2-11dc-8c12-b8a03c50a862",
 "TaxonKey is Mammalia",
 "Year 2015-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 60 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053480-250827131500795/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17099233
title: Experimental measurements and simulation data for the dynamic symmetric snap-through of elastica

description: Measurements from high-speed camera recordings of the dynamic snap-through of flexible buckled arches

Measurements from laser-scanning of static elastica profiles that are solutions of the auxiliary problem

Finite element simulation data from the dynamic snap-through of arches

Model predictions computed using AUTO0p7 for comparisons with finite element simulations
DOI: 10.24403/jp.1488853
title: Steffen Raßloff: Mitteldeutsche Geschichte : Sachsen – Sachsen-Anhalt – Thüringen. - Leipzig : Edition Leipzig, 2016 / [rezensiert von] Dieter Stievermann