cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkwrt
title: Softening the steps to gigantism in sauropod dinosaurs through the evolution of a pedal pad

description: How sauropod dinosaurs were able to withstand the forces associated with
 their immense size represents one of the most challenging biomechanical
 scenarios in the evolution of terrestrial tetrapods, but also one lacking
 robust biomechanical testing. Here, we use finite element analyses to
 quantify the biomechanical effects of foot skeletal postures with and
 without the presence of a soft tissue pad in sauropodomorphs. We find that
 none of the models can maintain bone stresses that fall within optimal
 bone safety factors in the absence of a soft tissue pad. Our findings
 suggest that a soft tissue pad in sauropods would have reduced bone
 stresses by combining the mechanical advantages of a functionally
 plantigrade foot and the plesiomorphic digitigrade saurischians
 conditions. The acquisition of a developed soft tissue pad by the
 Late-Triassic–Early-Jurassic may represent one of the key adaptations for
 the evolution of gigantism that has become emblematic of these dinosaurs.
description: The raw dataset was collected in international museum collection.
 3D models were reconstructed via photogrammetry using Agisoft Photoscan
 Professional v1.0.3 . 3D models were edited into Autodesk Maya 2017
 (www.autodesk.com). Each 3D surface model was then cleaned and converted
 into a volumetric mesh file of continuum linear tetrahedral elements of
 types C3D4 using 3-Matic 11.0 software (Materialize Inc., Leuven,
 Belgium). Finally, each mesh file was then imported into Abaqus/CAE
 6.13-6.23 FEA software where the full set of analysis was
 performed.
description: All *.inp files may initially be opened with any text editors and
 into Abaqus/CAE FEA software for further analysis to be undertaken. Note:
 a valid license of Abaqus would be required to open the *.odb files as the
 number of node of all of our model exceed the free viewer of 1000 nodes.
 The *.inp files include the full set of postural morphotype for each
 specimen. The FEA results for each of our analysis presented in our main
 text. A detailed explanation of the file extension is provided in the
 README.txt file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w6m905qrp
title: Contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the interaction among sympatric carnivores

description: Interaction among species is central to the stability of community
 structure. However, anthropogenic pressures alter interactions, disrupt
 trophic levels, and threaten ecosystem stability. Understanding
 interactions across human land-use gradients is fundamental to mitigating
 anthropogenic threats effectively and better managing threatened species.
 Using data from a large-scale camera trap survey, we developed a
 multispecies occupancy model for a carnivore guild comprising tiger,
 leopard, and dhole to investigate the effects of environmental (forest and
 prey abundance) and anthropogenic (settlement) variables on the
 interspecific interaction. Human settlement density had a strong but
 contrasting effect on interaction: as settlement density increased, tigers
 and leopards were less likely to coexist whereas leopards and dholes were
 more likely to occur together. Tiger and dhole occupancy was negatively
 associated with settlement density whereas, the leopard was positively
 associated. Per cent forest cover and large prey abundance had ubiquitous
 positive effects on carnivore occupancy. Our results indicate that human
 presence alters available niche space and spatial overlap among predators
 affecting interactions. The duality in the effect of the settlement on
 interacting pairs suggests that humans create a landscape of fear for apex
 predators but promotes coexistence between subordinate species partially
 supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.
description: We used camera traps to collect the
 data. A total of 1129 unbaited camera stations were established. We placed
 a pair of infrared motion-triggered camera traps in each grid cell along
 human or animal trails (except in absence of trails, when cameras were
 placed randomly) at a height of ~45 cm above the ground. For logistical
 convenience, the country was divided into two blocks and camera traps were
 deployed during the dry season. Data were processed in MS Excel
 spreadsheet and R programming language. We provide more details in the
 paper that used this dataset. Please follow the link to the
 paper.
description: Please download this dataset. Follow
 the GitHub link to curate and analyse the data.
 https://github.com/ugyenpenjor1/Multispecies-Interaction-Model.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz5w
title: Surface measurement data of polished LTCC: Characterization of pores in polished low temperature co-fired glass-ceramic composites for optimization of their micromachining

description: Pores are intrinsic defects of ceramic composites and influence their
 functional properties significantly. Their characterization is therefore a
 pivotal task in material and process optimization. It is demonstrated that
 polished section analysis allows for obtaining precise information on pore
 size, shape, area fraction, and homogeneous distribution. It is proven
 that laser scanning microscopy provides accurate height maps and is thus
 an appropriate technique for assessing surface features. Such data is used
 to compare areas with good and poor polishing results, and various surface
 parameters are evaluated in terms of their informative value and data
 processing effort. The material under investigation is a low-temperature
 co-fired ceramic composite. Through statistical analysis of the data, the
 inclination angle was identified as an appropriate parameter to describe
 the polishing result. By using masked data, direct conclusions can be
 drawn about the leveling of load-bearing surface areas, which are crucial
 in photolithographic processing steps and bonding technology. A broad
 discussion of different defects based on the results contributes to a
 critical analysis of the potentials and obstacles of micromachining of
 low-temperature cofired ceramic substrates.
description: The data set contains raw data of the polished surface of LTCC
 substrates and compares good and bad polishing conditions. The data set is
 obtained by laser scanning microscopy. 
description: You will find the assignment of the measurements in the README
 file. Related scripts are provided on GitHub and linked in this document
 too.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sxksn035m
title: Data from: Fixation and preservation contribute to distortion in vertebrate museum specimens: a ten-year study with the lizard Anolis sagrei

description: Preservation of museum specimens depends on chemical fixation and
 preservation, processes that might distort the original material.
 Relatively few studies have examined preservation effects in potentially
 susceptible soft-bodied taxa like herpetofauna, and those that have rarely
 extend over more than a few months. We collected six common morphological
 measurements from the same set of radiographed specimens of the
 Neotropical lizard Anolis sagrei over nearly ten years to investigate
 whether morphometric changes result from fixation in formalin and/or
 subsequent long-term preservation in ethanol. Snout-vent length (SVL)
 declined 3.5% on average over 10 years, starting almost immediately with
 fixation and continuing to decline during fluid preservation, eventually
 leveling off at 40 weeks and beyond. The mostly-ossified component of SVL,
 spine length, declined 2% on average, but the decline did not begin until
 fluid preservation commenced and continued throughout the duration of the
 study. Other characters showed significant decline over the course of the
 study. Our findings suggest caution when combining fresh and preserved
 specimens, or specimens of different preservation ages, as a decline in
 snout-vent length but not in other allometrically proportional characters
 will introduce error when correcting characters for body size in preserved
 animals.
description: radiographs taken at intervals over 10 years (see publication for
 details) Analyses conducted in R
DOI: 10.25349/d9g32p
title: Octodontoids (Hystricognathi, Rodentia, Mammalia) from Pampa Castillo, Chile, and how rodents inform early Miocene South American biochronology

description: Caviomorph rodents were diverse and abundant components of South American
 mammal communities since the late Eocene. Augmenting this diversity, we
 describe the octodontoids of Pampa Castillo, an early Miocene site from
 the Galera Formation in southern Chile (Aysén Region). Six genera and
 eight species of octodontoids are present, two of which are new: Dudumus
 berggreni sp. nov. and Caviocricetus guenekko sp. nov. The octodontoids
 from Pampa Castillo support assignment of this fauna to the Santacrucian
 SALMA, consistent with previous studies. We conducted similarity analyses
 on eleven early–middle Miocene Patagonian rodent faunas using hierarchical
 clustering. Faunas generally fell within the three South American Land
 Mammal ‘Ages’ (SALMAs) to which they were traditionally assigned:
 Colhuehuapian, Santacrucian, and ‘post-Santacrucian’. The ‘Pinturan’ is a
 proposed biochronologic interval between the Colhuehuapian and
 Santacrucian. At the generic level, Pampa Castillo clustered with
 ‘Pinturan’ faunas, while at the species level it clustered with the
 ‘typical’ faunas on which the Santacrucian SALMA is based (from outcrops
 of the Santa Cruz Formation along the Atlantic coast and Río Santa Cruz).
 The Pampa Castillo rodent fauna resembles both ‘Pinturan’ and ‘typical’
 Santacrucian faunas in rodent taxon distributions, reflecting complex
 temporal and paleoenvironmental influences. Geochronologic data indicate
 that some ‘Pinturan’ sites overlap temporally with Pampa Castillo and the
 upper Pinturas Formation, which both clustered with ‘typical’ Santacrucian
 faunas. These results indicate that the ‘Pinturan’ does not represent a
 distinct biochronologic interval, but that the differences between it and
 ‘typical’ Santacrucian faunas are attributable to geographic or
 paleoenvironmental differences.
description: Occurrences of caviomorph taxa were taken from the primary
 scientific literature.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30598142
title: Physiological effects of silver nanoparticles and <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> on <i>Zea mays</i> L. irrigated with effluent water from industry

description: This study aimed to measure the bioremediation potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing maize growth under contaminated conditions. The irrigation water used was effluent from tube well and Hitech Industries Taxila (HIT), both containing Fe and Mn levels exceeding permissible limits. Tap water irrigation served as the control. Notably, the Cr levels in HIT effluent water were 280% higher than the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011). The HIT water showed 64.11%, 200%, and 24% higher content of Ca, K, and Na as compared to control. Seeds were soaked for 2h prior to sowing in 71-h old <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> (<i>P. stutzeri</i>) (Gene bank accession no. KX574858) culture, at concentration of 10<sup>8</sup> cells/mL. The toxic effects of chromium (Cr) leads to a reduction in photosynthetic activity. The results showed that the combined treatment of AgNPs and PGPR increased flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid activities by 78%, 167%, and 55%, respectively, in tube well–irrigated plants. Additionally, PGPR and AgNPs effectively reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) in maize irrigated with tube well water. The study demonstrates the potential of AgNPs and PGPR in mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal (HM) toxicity on maize plants. The findings suggest that maize plants irrigated with high Cr-contaminated water exhibited enhanced metal tolerance when treated with PGPR. The key objective of this study was to explore the individual effects of <i>P. stutzeri</i> and AgNPs on the stabilization of Mn, Fe, and Cr, and their impact on maize physiological responses. This study also evaluated the role of AgNPs and <i>P. stutzeri</i> in enhancing the availability and uptake of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) macronutrients in rhizospheric soil irrigated with HM-contaminated water. This paper highlights, a novel synergistic approach involving PGPR <i>P. stutzeri</i> and silver nanoparticles to enhance bioremediation potential of maize grown in Cr-contaminated water. The findings exhibit that this combined treatment significantly reduces oxidative stress, promotes metal tolerance, increases the production of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids in <i>Zea mays</i> L. under HM stress and reduces oxidative stress. Moreover, the study reveals the potential of <i>P. stutzeri</i> to improve soil organic matter content, in the presence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) bearing industrial waste. This innovative approach compromises an encouraging solution for the phytoremediation of HMs, contributing to the development of sustainable environmental remediation strategies. Graphical presentation of effect of Ag-nanoparticles and <i>P. stutzeri</i> effect on <i>Zea mays</i> L. physiological parameters under HM stress.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30598142.v1
title: Physiological effects of silver nanoparticles and <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> on <i>Zea mays</i> L. irrigated with effluent water from industry

description: This study aimed to measure the bioremediation potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing maize growth under contaminated conditions. The irrigation water used was effluent from tube well and Hitech Industries Taxila (HIT), both containing Fe and Mn levels exceeding permissible limits. Tap water irrigation served as the control. Notably, the Cr levels in HIT effluent water were 280% higher than the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011). The HIT water showed 64.11%, 200%, and 24% higher content of Ca, K, and Na as compared to control. Seeds were soaked for 2h prior to sowing in 71-h old <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> (<i>P. stutzeri</i>) (Gene bank accession no. KX574858) culture, at concentration of 10<sup>8</sup> cells/mL. The toxic effects of chromium (Cr) leads to a reduction in photosynthetic activity. The results showed that the combined treatment of AgNPs and PGPR increased flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid activities by 78%, 167%, and 55%, respectively, in tube well–irrigated plants. Additionally, PGPR and AgNPs effectively reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) in maize irrigated with tube well water. The study demonstrates the potential of AgNPs and PGPR in mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal (HM) toxicity on maize plants. The findings suggest that maize plants irrigated with high Cr-contaminated water exhibited enhanced metal tolerance when treated with PGPR. The key objective of this study was to explore the individual effects of <i>P. stutzeri</i> and AgNPs on the stabilization of Mn, Fe, and Cr, and their impact on maize physiological responses. This study also evaluated the role of AgNPs and <i>P. stutzeri</i> in enhancing the availability and uptake of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) macronutrients in rhizospheric soil irrigated with HM-contaminated water. This paper highlights, a novel synergistic approach involving PGPR <i>P. stutzeri</i> and silver nanoparticles to enhance bioremediation potential of maize grown in Cr-contaminated water. The findings exhibit that this combined treatment significantly reduces oxidative stress, promotes metal tolerance, increases the production of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids in <i>Zea mays</i> L. under HM stress and reduces oxidative stress. Moreover, the study reveals the potential of <i>P. stutzeri</i> to improve soil organic matter content, in the presence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) bearing industrial waste. This innovative approach compromises an encouraging solution for the phytoremediation of HMs, contributing to the development of sustainable environmental remediation strategies. Graphical presentation of effect of Ag-nanoparticles and <i>P. stutzeri</i> effect on <i>Zea mays</i> L. physiological parameters under HM stress.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z34tmpggg
title: Northeast USA SeagrassNet Zm percent cover

description: Sea surface temperature (SST) has increased worldwide since the beginning
 of the 20th century, a trend which is expected to continue. Changes in SST
 can have significant impacts on marine biota, including population-level
 shifts and alterations in community structure and diversity, and changes
 in the timing of ecosystem events. Seagrasses are a group of foundation
 species that grow in shallow coastal and estuarine systems, where they
 provide many ecosystem services. Eelgrass, Zostera marina L., is the
 dominant seagrass species in the Northeast United States of America (USA).
 Multiple factors have been cited for losses in this region, including
 light reduction, eutrophication, and physical disturbance. Warming has the
 potential to exacerbate seagrass loss. Here, we investigate regional
 changes in eelgrass presence and abundance in relation to local water
 temperature using monitoring data from eight sites in the Northeastern USA
 (New Hampshire to Maryland) where a consistent monitoring protocol,
 SeagrassNet, has been applied. We use a hurdle model consisting of a
 generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with binomial and beta response
 distributions for modeling eelgrass presence and abundance, respectively,
 in relation to the local summer average water temperature. We show that
 summer water temperature one year prior to monitoring is a significant
 predictor of eelgrass presence, but not abundance, on a regional scale.
 Above average summer temperatures correspond to a decrease in probability
 of eelgrass presence (and increased probability of eelgrass absence) the
 following year. Cooler than average temperatures in the preceding year,
 down to approximately 0.5°C below the site average, are associated with
 the highest predicted probability of eelgrass presence. Our findings
 suggest vulnerability in eelgrass meadows of the Northeast USA and
 emphasize the value of unified approaches to seagrass monitoring,
 conservation and management at the seascape scale.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m63xsj440
title: Present and future distribution of bat hosts of sarbecoviruses: implications for conservation and public health

description: Global changes in response to human encroachment into natural habitats and
 carbon emissions are driving the biodiversity extinction crisis and
 increasing disease emergence risk. Host distributions are one critical
 component to identify areas at risk of viral spillover, and bats act as
 reservoirs of diverse viruses. We developed a reproducible ecological
 niche modelling pipeline for bat hosts of SARS-like viruses (subgenus
 Sarbecovirus), given that several closely-related viruses have been
 discovered and sarbecovirus-host interactions have gained attention since
 SARS-CoV-2 emergence. We assessed sampling biases and modeled current
 distributions of bats based on climate and landscape relationships and
 project future scenarios for host hotspots. The most important predictors
 of species distributions were temperature seasonality and cave
 availability. We identified concentrated host hotspots in Myanmar and
 projected range contractions for most species by 2100. Our projections
 indicate hotspots will shift east in Southeast Asia in locations greater
 than 2 °C hotter in a fossil-fueled development future. Hotspot shifts
 have implications for conservation and public health, as loss of
 population connectivity can lead to local extinctions, and remaining
 hotspots may concentrate near human populations.
description: Data was processed in R v. 4.1.2. We spatially predicted the
 occurrence of all known Sarbecovirus hosts regardless of the first viral
 detection location using Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and approximating
 them to species distribution models (SDMs) while also assessing sampling
 bias. All records for bat hosts are from 1970 onwards.
description: Please read the README html file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5qfttdz7p
title: Spectrum data and thermal model data of comet/103P (v1.0)

description: Hyperactive comets have attracted attention due to their high water
 production rate with an unclear mechanism, though some hypotheses are
 proposed to explain it. Based on the thermal theories of the comet nuclei,
 this paper studied a comet surface thermal model considering the
 sublimation of H2O. In this paper, a method for solving the sublimation
 rate of water ice by infrared spectra is proposed. The method adopts the
 assumption of comet nucleus surface temperature roughness and uses the
 numerical solution of the Fredholm equation. We use the HRI-IR
 spectrum (1.05-4.8 μm) data by EPOXI to analyze the pixel water
 sublimation rate of hyperactive comet 103P/Hartley2. The results show that
 sublimation exists in most areas of the surface with or without surface
 roughness, and most of the water production rate (70% ~ 90%) may come from
 the comet nucleus. According to the sublimation law, it is estimated that
 the sublimation temperature of water ice on 103P is above 180K. If the
 dust-to-ice volume ratio is 3:1, the sublimation temperature is about
 200-210K, which indicates that the water ice may sublimate underneath.
 This may explain why exposed water ice on the surface can
 hardly be observed while the active fraction of this comet is up
 to 100%.
description: The original data (DEM of 103P, observed HRI-IR spectrum data) is
 from NASA's PDS database. The data is processed
 using the programs (using Matlab language), and the result data is
 deposited in the dataset. See the document ‘README’ for
 details.
description: All programs and data are placed in different folders according
 to modules.  A detailed introduction can be found in
 'README.txt'. Modules include:
 a. DEM of 103P b. STM and data
 c. Observation data and parameters d. Surface
 roughness model e. Spectrum processing
 f. Result data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj5k
title: Table X: Population-wise trait data (mean, standard error and ranges) of A) 1st year plants, B) 2nd year spring phase plants and C) 2nd year monsoon phase plants

description: Plants of Anisomeles indica are perennial woody shrubs that initiate their
 life cycle from seeds. The young plants emerging from seeds enter sexual
 phase immediately thereafter. After setting seeds, the plants do not die.
 Instead, following winters, their root stock perennates where after these
 plants follow spring and monsoon phases for the rest of their lives.
 Plants follow vegetative to blooming phenology step by step without
 showing any functional overlap in their reproductive phase. The spring
 phase of perennating plants on account of its brevity is unable to ensure
 sustainable reproductive output necessitating the monsoon phase.
 Parallelly, the seeds dispersed through these phases grow and follow the
 same strategy of sexual to spring to monsoon phases. This modified variant
 of iteroparity coupled with the advantages accrued to particular
 morphological characters such as increased plant height, numbers of
 tillers and inflorescences per plant, fruits per infructescence and seed
 weight per unit leaf area enhance its survival and reproductive fitness.