cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7725m
title: Data from: Fear no colors? Observer clothing color influences lizard escape behavior

description: Animals often view humans as predators, leading to alterations in their
 behavior. Even nuanced aspects of human activity like clothing color
 affect animal behavior, but we lack an understanding of when and where
 such effects will occur. The species confidence hypothesis posits that
 birds are attracted to colors found on their bodies and repelled by
 non-body colors. Here, we extend this hypothesis taxonomically and
 conceptually to test whether this pattern is applicable in a non-avian
 reptile and to suggest that species should respond less fearfully to their
 sexually-selected signaling color. Responses to clothing color could also
 be impacted by habituation to humans, so we examine whether behavior
 varied between areas with low and high human activity. We quantified the
 effects of four T-shirt colors on flight initiation distances (FID) and on
 the ease of capture in western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis),
 and we accounted for detectability against the background environment. We
 found no differences in lizard behavior between sites. However, lizards
 tolerated the closest approaches and were most likely to be captured when
 approached with the T-shirt that resembled their sexually-selected
 signaling color. Because changes in individual behavior affect fitness,
 choice of clothing color by people, including tourists, hikers, and
 researchers, could impact wildlife populations and research outcomes.
description: Appendix of raw
 dataData used to determine
 the effect of T-shirt color on lizard escape behaviors (the flight
 initiation distance and probability of capture) at two sites that differ
 in human activity.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18362737
title: Кількість зерен головного колоса сортів пшениці озимої лісостепового, степового та західноєвропейського екотипів у 2021-2023 рр.
title: Number of grains in the main ear of winter wheat varieties of Forest-Steppe, Steppe and Western European ecotypes in 2021-2023.

description: Відображено результати досліджень кількості зерен головного колосу сортів пшениці м'якої озимої лісостепового, степового, західноєвропейського екотипів у 2021–2023 роках, які вирощували в умовах дослідного поля навчально-виробничого центру Білоцерківського національного аграрного університету.

Для кожного сорту вказано три повторення за біометричного аналізу по 25-и рослинах та середнє значення.

Набір даних дозволяє здійснювати порівняльний аналіз досліджуваних сортів, оцінювати стабільність прояву та норму реакції досліджуваних сортів за кількістю зерен головного колоса у різні за метеорологічними умовами роки та використовувати отримані дані у селекційних програмах.

 
description: The results of studies on the number of grains in the main ear of soft winter wheat varieties of Forest-Steppe, Steppe, and Western European ecotypes in 2021–2023, grown in the experimental field of the educational and production centre of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, are presented.

For each variety, three repetitions of biometric analysis of 25 plants and the average value are indicated.

The dataset allows for a comparative analysis of the studied varieties, assessment of the stability of manifestation and reaction rate of the studied varieties based on the number of grains in the main ear in years with different meteorological conditions, and use of the obtained data in breeding programmes.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18362738
title: Кількість зерен головного колоса сортів пшениці озимої лісостепового, степового та західноєвропейського екотипів у 2021-2023 рр.
title: Number of grains in the main ear of winter wheat varieties of Forest-Steppe, Steppe and Western European ecotypes in 2021-2023.

description: Відображено результати досліджень кількості зерен головного колосу сортів пшениці м'якої озимої лісостепового, степового, західноєвропейського екотипів у 2021–2023 роках, які вирощували в умовах дослідного поля навчально-виробничого центру Білоцерківського національного аграрного університету.

Для кожного сорту вказано три повторення за біометричного аналізу по 25-и рослинах та середнє значення.

Набір даних дозволяє здійснювати порівняльний аналіз досліджуваних сортів, оцінювати стабільність прояву та норму реакції досліджуваних сортів за кількістю зерен головного колоса у різні за метеорологічними умовами роки та використовувати отримані дані у селекційних програмах.

 
description: The results of studies on the number of grains in the main ear of soft winter wheat varieties of Forest-Steppe, Steppe, and Western European ecotypes in 2021–2023, grown in the experimental field of the educational and production centre of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, are presented.

For each variety, three repetitions of biometric analysis of 25 plants and the average value are indicated.

The dataset allows for a comparative analysis of the studied varieties, assessment of the stability of manifestation and reaction rate of the studied varieties based on the number of grains in the main ear in years with different meteorological conditions, and use of the obtained data in breeding programmes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j04r6
title: Data from: Adaptive landscape and functional diversity of Neotropical cichlids: implications for the ecology and evolution of Cichlinae (Cichlidae; Cichliformes)

description: Morphological, lineage and ecological diversity can vary substantially
 even among closely related lineages. Factors that influence morphological
 diversification, especially in functionally relevant traits, can help to
 explain the modern distribution of disparity across phylogenies and
 communities. Multivariate axes of feeding functional morphology from 75
 species of Neotropical cichlid and a stepwise-AIC algorithm were used to
 estimate the adaptive landscape of functional morphospace in Cichlinae.
 Adaptive landscape complexity and convergence, as well as the functional
 diversity of Cichlinae, were compared with expectations under null
 evolutionary models. Neotropical cichlid feeding function varied primarily
 between traits associated with ram feeding vs. suction feeding/biting and
 secondarily with oral jaw muscle size and pharyngeal crushing capacity.
 The number of changes in selective regimes and the amount of convergence
 between lineages was higher than expected under a null model of evolution,
 but convergence was not higher than expected under a similarly complex
 adaptive landscape. Functional disparity was compatible with an adaptive
 landscape model, whereas the distribution of evolutionary change through
 morphospace corresponded with a process of evolution towards a single
 adaptive peak. The continentally distributed Neotropical cichlids have
 evolved relatively rapidly towards a number of adaptive peaks in
 functional trait space. Selection in Cichlinae functional morphospace is
 more complex than expected under null evolutionary models. The complexity
 of selective constraints in feeding morphology has likely been a
 significant contributor to the diversity of feeding ecology in this clade.
description: Functional morphology of
 75 species of CichlinaeTable includes mean
 values for functional morphology and body size from 75 species of
 Neotropical cichlids from both South and Central America and including all
 tribes of Cichlinae.Supplementary
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.60630
title: Data from: Genome size variation affects song attractiveness in grasshoppers: evidence for sexual selection against large genomes

description: Genome size is largely uncorrelated to organismal complexity and adaptive
 scenarios. Genetic drift as well as intragenomic conflict have been put
 forward to explain this observation. We here study the impact of genome
 size on sexual attractiveness in the bow-winged grasshopper Chorthippus
 biguttulus. Grasshoppers show particularly large variation in genome size
 due to the high prevalence of supernumerary chromosomes that are
 considered (mildly) selfish, as evidenced by non-Mendelian inheritance and
 fitness costs if present in high numbers. We ranked male grasshoppers by
 song characteristics that are known to affect female preferences in this
 species and scored genome sizes of attractive and unattractive individuals
 from the extremes of this distribution. We find that attractive singers
 have significantly smaller genomes, demonstrating that genome size is
 reflected in male courtship songs and that females prefer songs of males
 with small genomes. Such a genome size dependent mate preference
 effectively selects against selfish genetic elements that tend to increase
 genome size. The data therefore provide a novel example of how sexual
 selection can reinforce natural selection and can act as an agent in an
 intragenomic arms race. Furthermore, our findings indicate an
 underappreciated route of how choosy females could gain indirect benefits.
description: Song features, scores
 and ranksSongFeatures_ScoresRanks.txtPhotometric genome size scoringPhotometricGenomeSizeScoring.txtPhotometic and flow cytometric genome size scoresGenomeScores_Photometic_Flowcytometric.txtQuantification of 18SrDNA abundanceQuantification18SrDNA.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2tf5j
title: Data from: Landscape-scale interactions of spatial and temporal cropland heterogeneity drive biological control of cereal aphids

description: 1. Agricultural landscapes are characterised by dynamic crop mosaics
 changing in composition and configuration over space and time. While
 semi-natural habitat has been often shown to contribute to pest biological
 control, the effects of increasing landscape heterogeneity with cropland
 has been disregarded. Here, we examine how cereal aphids, their enemies
 and biological control are affected by the composition and configuration
 of the crop mosaic and its inter-annual change due to crop rotation. 2. We
 studied the abundance of cereal aphids, natural enemies and aphid
 parasitism over two years on 51 winter wheat fields. Arthropods were
 monitored at three distances (0, 10, 30m) from field borders. Fields were
 embedded in landscapes of 1-km diameter selected along orthogonal
 gradients of compositional crop heterogeneity (crop diversity),
 configurational heterogeneity (field border and grassy field boundary
 length) and inter-annual change in cover of aphid host habitats (cereal,
 maize and grassland). We aimed to disentangle spatial and temporal
 heterogeneity effects through these independent landscape gradients. 3.
 Aphid densities were lower in landscapes with smaller field size (more
 field borders) coupled with high amounts of grassy field boundaries. Aphid
 densities decreased also in landscapes with higher crop diversity when the
 cover of aphid host habitat had decreased from the year before. Aphid
 natural enemy densities decreased with smaller field size and high amounts
 of grassy field boundaries. Aphid parasitism decreased with the
 inter-annual expansion in aphid host habitat, but only in landscapes with
 small field sizes. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows for the
 first time that cereal aphid numbers can be reduced by optimizing the
 composition, configuration and temporal heterogeneity of the crop mosaic.
 We highlight the value of maintaining small field sizes in agricultural
 landscapes and high densities of grassy boundaries for reducing aphid
 abundance. Landscape-wide crop diversification can reduce aphid densities
 as well. 13-Mar-2017
description: Data_BosemBaillod_JournalAppliedEcologyData collected in the field and used for the analysis. Column description: "Landscape" is the ID of the wheat field within a 500m radius landscape. "Sampling_Year" is the year of the data collection. "Within_field_position" denotes the transects where arthropods have been collected. "Aphid_density" and "Predator_density" are aggregated numbers of aphids and predators respectively, collected at each transect. "Predator_Prey_ratio" is the ratio between predator and prey numbers. "Parasitism_rate" is the proportion of parasitized aphids. The remaining columns are the landscape variables crop Shannon diversity (SHDI), field border length in kilometers (FBL_Km), grassy field boundary length in kilometers (GBL_Km) and the annual change in aphid host habitats (%_ΔHab).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kv32b
title: Data from: Seasonal and urban effects on the endocrinology of a wild passerine

description: In order to maximize their fitness, organisms in seasonal environments
 rely on external cues to optimally time their life-history stages. One of
 the most important zeitgeber to time reproduction is the photoperiod, but
 further environmental cues are assessed to fine-tune reproduction due to
 year-to-year variation in environmental conditions. However, in urbanized
 environments, the pervasive artificial light at night has altered the
 natural signal of light and darkness. Accordingly, artificial light at
 night was repeatedly shown to affect avian reproductive physiology and to
 advance seasonal reproduction in birds. However, these experiments were
 mainly conducted in the absence of further environmental cues to
 facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms which are still poorly
 understood. Here, we investigate whether the endocrine system of
 free-ranging European blackbirds (Turdus merula) correlates with the
 amount of artificial light at night along a rural to urban gradient while
 the birds still encounter complementary environmental cues including
 seasonal variation in day length and temperature. Testosterone and estrone
 were assessed as metabolites in fecal samples and corticosterone in blood
 from mist-netted blackbirds. We demonstrate that seasonal fluctuations in
 abiotic factors, individual conditions, but also light at night affect the
 reproductive and stress physiology of wild European blackbirds. Elevated
 artificial night light intensities were significantly positively
 correlated with corticosterone and negatively with female estrone levels.
 No effects of artificial light were found for testosterone levels. Our
 results suggest that female blackbirds in particular perceive even low
 levels of artificial light at night as a weak but chronic stressor that
 interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and leads to a
 reduced secretion of reproductive hormones. These findings point out that
 the impacts of light pollution are diverse and we only slowly disentangle
 its multiple effects on physiology, ecology, and biodiversity.
description: Gonadal and stress
 hormone concentrations of urban European blackbirdsThese data describe the
 levels of certain hormones in faeces and blood of adult urban European
 blackbirds (Turdus merula) and further conditions associated with the
 sampling. The samples were collected between March 2011 and May 2013 by
 Anja Russ, Terézia Lucenicová, Sarah Effertz, Rebecca Thier-Lange, Diana
 Höhlig, Simon Dietzel, Tobias Köhler, Alexandra Erbach, and Daniela
 Dunger. The analyses of hormone concentrations were conducted at the
 Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Leipzig, by Susanne
 Reitemeier, Anne Weissmann, and Jutta Gottschalk. These data have been
 collected with support of the research project „Birds in illuminated
 landscapes (BILL)“ funded by the German Federal Ministery of Education and
 Resarch (BMBF) under the grant: FKZ 033L038E Please note: as decimal
 marker commas are used.Hormone.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0ds20
title: Data from: Immunocompetence in a long-lived ectothermic vertebrate is temperature dependent but shows no decline in older adults

description: 1. Temperature affects nearly all aspects of the physiology of ectotherms,
 including their ability to mount an immune response. Typically, the
 ectothermic vertebrate immune system can respond over a wide range of
 temperatures, but there is a species-specific temperature at which
 responses are strongest, with impaired responses above and below this
 threshold. In long-lived ectotherms, aging could also influence the
 ability to respond to temperature changes as immunosenecence, the
 functional decrease in immune function with age, is widely reported. 2.
 This study examined the effects of the interaction between temperature and
 age on B cell function in a long-lived reptile, the red-eared slider
 turtle, Trachemys scripta. B cells in this species have previously been
 shown to have two main functions, phagocytosis and antibody production. 3.
 Adult turtles were trapped and blood samples taken. Because sliders grow
 throughout their lifetime, plastron length was used as a proxy for age.
 Leukocytes were isolated and used in either an ELISpot assay to examine
 their ability to produce antibodies spontaneously or when stimulated, or
 used in a phagocytic assay. The ELISpot and phagocytic assays were
 conducted over a range of biologically relevant temperatures. 4. We found
 no interaction between age and temperature on any measure of B cell
 function. In all cases there was a significant effect of temperature, with
 impaired function at temperatures below 29°C, but no impairment of
 function at higher temperatures. We also found little evidence of
 immunosenesce in any response. 5. This study provides insight into the
 thermal biology of B cell function in sliders and provides an interesting
 connection between immunology, behavior, and ecology in this long-lived
 turtle.
description: Zimmerman B cell data
 archiveSheet one contains data
 for the phagocytic assay. Sheet two contains data from the
 ELISpot.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ts51k
title: Data from: Altered natal dispersal at the range periphery: the role of behavior, resources, and maternal condition

description: Natal dispersal outcomes are an interplay between environmental conditions
 and individual phenotypes. Peripheral, isolated populations may experience
 altered environmental conditions and natal dispersal patterns that differ
 from populations in contiguous landscapes. We document nonphilopatric,
 sex-biased natal dispersal in an endangered small mammal, the Mt. Graham
 red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis), restricted to a single
 mountain. Other North American red squirrel populations are shown to have
 sex-unbiased, philopatric natal dispersal. We ask what environmental and
 intrinsic factors may be driving this atypical natal dispersal pattern. We
 test for the influence of proximate factors and ultimate drivers of natal
 dispersal: habitat fragmentation, local population density, individual
 behavior traits, inbreeding avoidance, competition for mates, and
 competition for resources, allowing us to better understand altered natal
 dispersal patterns at the periphery of a species’ range. A juvenile
 squirrel's body condition and its mother's mass in spring (a
 reflection of her intrinsic quality and territory quality) contribute to
 individual behavioral tendencies for movement and exploration. Resources,
 behavior, and body condition have the strongest influence on natal
 dispersal distance, but affect males and females differently. Male natal
 dispersal distance is positively influenced by its mother's spring
 body mass and individual tendency for movement; female natal dispersal
 distance is negatively influenced by its mother's spring body mass
 and positively influenced by individual tendency for movement. An apparent
 feedback between environmental variables and subsequent juvenile
 behavioral state contributes to an altered natal dispersal pattern in a
 peripheral population, highlighting the importance of studying ecological
 processes at the both range center and periphery of species’
 distributions.
description: Mt. Graham red squirrel
 natal dispersal distanceDispersal distance (m)
 of radio-collared juvenile Mt. Graham red squirrels. an.id = unique animal
 id; sex = m,f; dist.moved = distance moved (m); year = 2010-2013;
 long.dist = where dispersal distance &gt; 150 m males, 100 m
 femalesdispersal.distance.csvMerrick_Koprowski2016_Dispersal_correlatesData set used to model dispersal distance and probability of non-philopatric distance dispersal in juvenile Mt. Graham red squirrels from 2010 - 2013 as a function of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d5b598n
title: Data from: Rapid adaptation to high temperatures in Chironomus riparius

description: Effects of seasonal or daily temperature variation on fitness and
 physiology of ectothermic organisms and their ways to cope with such
 variations have been widely studied. However, the way multivoltines
 organisms cope with temperature variations from a generation to another is
 still not well understood and complex to identify. The aim of this study
 is to investigate whether the multivoltine midge Chironomus riparius
 Meigen (1803) responds mainly via acclimation as predicted by current
 theories, or if rapid genetic adaptation is involved. To investigate this
 issue, a common garden approach has been applied. A mix of larvae from
 five European populations was raised in the laboratory at three different
 pre-exposure temperatures (PET): 14, 20, 26°C. After three and five
 generations respectively, larvae were exposed to three treatment
 temperatures (TT) 14, 20, 26°C, mortality was monitored for the first 48h
 and after emergence. After three generations significant mortality rate
 differences depended on an interaction of PET and TT. This finding
 supports the hypothesis that chironomids respond rapidly to climatic
 variation via adaptive mechanisms, and to a lesser extent via phenotypic
 plasticity. The result of the experiment indicates that three generations
 were sufficient to adapt to warm temperature, decreasing the mortality
 rate, highlighting the potential for chironomids to rapidly respond to
 seasonally changing conditions.
description: mortality depending on
 temperature in common garden experimentMortality data (in
 percentage) measured on two replicates (A and B) of C. riparius population
 in between 2 different generation (3 and 5) at different development time
 (after 48h of experiment and at adult stage) during a common garden
 experiment with transplantation involving temperature. The mortality is
 reported depending on raising temperature, treatment temperature,
 temperature variation populations were subjected to (raising temperature -
 treatment temperature) and the egg clutch individuals came
 from.DataPhenoProject.txt