DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15599147
title: SERPENTINE catalog of solar cycle 25 multi-spacecraft solar energetic particle events

description: This catalog contains multi-spacecraft solar energetic particle (SEP) events, which were observed with the new heliospheric spacecraft fleet in solar cycle 25. It has been created within the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project SERPENTINE (Solar energetic particle analysis platform for the inner heliosphere). The catalog comprises key SEP characteristics observed by five different observer locations as provided by Solar Orbiter, Parker Solar Probe, STEREO A, Wind and SOHO (at the Lagrangian point 1), and BepiColombo. It focuses on large events, which show energetic proton increases above 25 MeV observed at least at two spacecraft. The catalog provides not only key parameters of the proton event but also the same parameters for 1 MeV and 100 keV electrons, respectively.

For more information, and if you use this catalog, please refer to the corresponding publication:



The solar cycle 25 multi-spacecraft solar energetic particle event catalog of the SERPENTINE projectN. Dresing, A. Yli-Laurila, S. Valkila, J. Gieseler, D. E. Morosan, G. U. Farwa, Y. Kartavykh, C. Palmroos, I. Jebaraj, S. Jensen, P. Kühl, B. Heber, F. Espinosa, R. Gómez-Herrero, E. Kilpua, V.-V. Linho, P. Oleynik, L. A. Hayes, A. Warmuth, F. Schuller, H. Collier, H. Xiao, E. Asvestari, D. Trotta, J. G. Mitchell, C. M. S. Cohen, A. W. Labrador, M. E. Hill and R. VainioA&A, 687 (2024) A72DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202449831, arXiv:2403.00658. 


The csv files provided here are archived versions of the dynamic catalog available at https://data.serpentine-h2020.eu/catalogs/sep-sc25/

Provided are two semicolon-separated csv files containing the same data. The only difference is that the file sep-sc25_extended_header.csv includes an extensive header.



Field descriptions



id: ID

science_case: Science case

date: Event date [UTC]

flare_time: Flare time [UTC]

flare_lat: Flare Carrington latitude [deg]

flare_lon: Flare Carrington longitude [deg]

flare_class: Flare class (GOES)

flare_comments: Flare Comments

radio_type2: Radio type II bursts

decametric_type2_start: Decametric type II burst start time [UT]

decametric_type2_stop: Decametric type II burst end time [UT]

decametric_type2_freq_range: Decametric type II frequency range [MHz]

radio_type2_start: Metric radio type II burst start time [UT]

radio_type2_stop: Metric radio type II burst end time [UT]

radio_type2_freq_range: Frequency range of metric type II burst [MHz]

radio_imaging_available: Metric radio imaging available

radio_comments: Radio comments

cme_id: Associated CMEs

solar_mach_link: Solar-Mach link






S/C codes



BepiC: BepiColombo

L1: L1 (SOHO/Wind)

PSP: Parker Solar Probe

STA: STEREO A

SolO: Solar Orbiter






S/C related field descriptions



{sc}_sc_lat: S/C Carrington latitude [deg]

{sc}_sc_lon: S/C Carrington longitude [deg]

{sc}_dist: S/C radial distance [au]

{sc}_ip_shock_id: Associated IP shocks

{sc}_p25MeV_onset_date: S/C protons 25 MeV onset date [UTC]

{sc}_p25MeV_onset_time: S/C protons 25 MeV onset time [UTC]

{sc}_p25MeV_onset_time_formatted: S/C protons 25 MeV onset time [UTC] (Formatted)

{sc}_p25MeV_onset_averaging: S/C protons 25 MeV averaging used for onset [min]

{sc}_p25MeV_onset_sector: S/C protons 25 MeV sector used for onset

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_date: S/C protons 25 MeV peak date [UTC]

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_time: S/C protons 25 MeV peak time [UTC]

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_time_formatted: S/C protons 25 MeV peak time [UTC] (Formatted)

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_flux: S/C protons 25 MeV peak flux [cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 MeV^-1]

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_flux_formatted: S/C protons 25 MeV peak flux [cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 MeV^-1] (Formatted)

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_averaging: S/C protons 25 MeV averaging used for peak [min]

{sc}_p25MeV_peak_sector: S/C protons 25 MeV sector used for peak

{sc}_p25MeV_injection_date: S/C protons 25 MeV inferred injection date [UTC]

{sc}_p25MeV_injection_time: S/C protons 25 MeV inferred injection time [UTC]

{sc}_p25MeV_pathlength: S/C protons 25 MeV path length used for inferred injection time [au]

{sc}_p25MeV_sw_speed: S/C protons 25 MeV onset solar wind speed [km/s]

{sc}_p25MeV_comments: S/C protons 25 MeV comments

{sc}_e100keV_onset_date: S/C electrons 100 keV onset date [UTC]

{sc}_e100keV_onset_time: S/C electrons 100 keV onset time [UTC]

{sc}_e100keV_onset_time_formatted: S/C electrons 100 keV onset time [UTC] (Formatted)

{sc}_e100keV_onset_averaging: S/C electrons 100 keV averaging used for onset [min]

{sc}_e100keV_onset_sector: S/C electrons 100 keV sector used for onset

{sc}_e100keV_peak_date: S/C electrons 100 keV peak date [UTC]

{sc}_e100keV_peak_time: S/C electrons 100 keV peak time [UTC]

{sc}_e100keV_peak_time_formatted: S/C electrons 100 keV peak time [UTC] (Formatted)

{sc}_e100keV_peak_flux: S/C electrons 100 keV peak flux [cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 MeV^-1]

{sc}_e100keV_peak_flux_formatted: S/C electrons 100 keV peak flux [cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 MeV^-1] (Formatted)

{sc}_e100keV_peak_averaging: S/C electrons 100 keV averaging used for peak [min]

{sc}_e100keV_peak_sector: S/C electrons 100 keV sector used for peak

{sc}_e100keV_injection_date: S/C electrons 100 keV inferred injection date [UTC]

{sc}_e100keV_injection_time: S/C electrons 100 keV inferred injection time [UTC]

{sc}_e100keV_pathlength: S/C electrons 100 keV path length used for inferred injection time [au]

{sc}_e100keV_sw_speed: S/C electrons 100 keV onset solar wind speed [km/s]

{sc}_e100keV_comments: S/C electrons 100 keV comments

{sc}_e1MeV_onset_date: S/C electrons 1 MeV onset date [UTC]

{sc}_e1MeV_onset_time: S/C electrons 1 MeV onset time [UTC]

{sc}_e1MeV_onset_time_formatted: S/C electrons 1 MeV onset time [UTC] (Formatted)

{sc}_e1MeV_onset_averaging: S/C electrons 1 MeV averaging used for onset [min]

{sc}_e1MeV_onset_sector: S/C electrons 1 MeV sector used for onset

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_date: S/C electrons 1 MeV peak date [UTC]

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_time: S/C electrons 1 MeV peak time [UTC]

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_time_formatted: S/C electrons 1 MeV peak time [UTC] (Formatted)

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_flux: S/C electrons 1 MeV peak flux [cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 MeV^-1]

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_flux_formatted: S/C electrons 1 MeV peak flux [cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 MeV^-1] (Formatted)

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_averaging: S/C electrons 1 MeV averaging used for peak [min]

{sc}_e1MeV_peak_sector: S/C electrons 1 MeV sector used for peak

{sc}_e1MeV_injection_date: S/C electrons 1 MeV inferred injection date [UTC]

{sc}_e1MeV_injection_time: S/C electrons 1 MeV inferred injection time [UTC]

{sc}_e1MeV_pathlength: S/C electrons 1 MeV path length used for inferred injection time [au]

{sc}_e1MeV_sw_speed: S/C electrons 1 MeV onset solar wind speed [km/s]

{sc}_e1MeV_comments: S/C electrons 1 MeV comments

{sc}_ep_ratio: Ratio of Electrons (~1MeV) / Protons (25-40 MeV)




 

CHANGELOG:





2025-06-05



Updated peak fluxes and peak times of PSP 1 MeV electrons, as well as PSP's e/p ratios (the previous flux values are erroneous!)



2024-09-06



Flare information has been updated

Updated cme_id info corresponding to updated CME catalog

(Zenodo version only: change file format from "semicolon separated" to "comma separated, with fields containing commas surrounded by quotes")



2024-05-24



Events 35, 36: flare times (GOES) were incorrectly provided as peak times. They have been changed to start times (like for all flares).

All 8 events where SOLO/STIX has been used for flare determination had been time shifted to the Sun. Now they are shifted to 1 AU to be consistent with the GOES times.