cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/00ff0c86-80c2-4bb4-a38b-1cef38ce80b3
title: Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, energy and water fluxes at a lowland valley fen, Anglesey, UK, 2015-2018

description: This dataset contains time series observations of surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), and momentum (τ) measured at a lowland valley fen located on Anglesey, North Wales, UK. 

Turbulent flux densities were monitored using the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) technique between 1st January 2015 and 10th October 2018. The dataset includes ancillary weather and soil physics observations, as well as variables describing atmospheric turbulence and the quality of the turbulent flux observations.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

description: Eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological observations were made using an open-path eddy covariance system. Ancillary meteorological and soil physics observations were co-located with the eddy covariance station.

Turbulent flux densities were calculated from the raw EC data using the EddyPRO Flux Calculation Software Version 6.1.

Quality Control of EC data involved removal of statistical outliers and tests that theoretical requirements for the successful application of the EC technique were not violated significantly. 

Data gaps in EC data (NEE, LE, H) and the partitioning of NEE into gross ecosystem production and total ecosystem production were performed using the REddyProc Package for R (Reichstein et al., 2019).

Further details are available in the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/e1fa6897-0f09-4472-adab-5d0d7bbc2548
title: Snow water equivalent estimates using cosmic-ray neutron sensors in the United Kingdom  (2014-2019)

description: This dataset provides daily estimates of the Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) using data from 46 COSMOS-UK sites across the United Kingdom. One set of estimates is derived from the cosmic ray neutron sensor and provides an estimate of the average SWE within the sensor’s large (>100m) footprint. Other SWE estimates are based on either a snowmelt model, or, for certain sites, either a snow depth sensor or a buried 'SnowFox' neutron sensor. Additionally, daily neutron counts, the albedo, and a collection of figures for each snow event are provided.
description: The dataset lists data from all snow days, detected through their effect on the measured albedo, from the date of installation of each COSMOS-UK site up to summer 2019. Comparison of the available SWE estimates suggest typical uncertainties (1 standard deviation) of less than about 4mm for both the CRNS and SnowFox estimates, 4mm for the depth-based estimate and 5mm for the snowmelt model.
DOI: 10.5285/69a0d888-9f6b-4e67-8d29-402af1412d8e
title: Pollinator survey, floral resource survey and recorder feedback data from the National Pollinator and Pollination Monitoring Framework pilot study from 14 sites across the UK

description: This dataset contains data on pollinating insects, floral resources, and environmental conditions from a pollinator monitoring pilot conducted from 2015. Data were collected from a total of 14 sites across the UK, over four sampling rounds from April to August 2015. Half of the sites visited were dominated by agricultural habitats (e.g. crop fields and pasture) and half were dominated by semi-natural habitats. These data were collected to compare methods for sampling pollinators; compare the capacity of different recorder groups to implement different survey methods; gather feedback from recorders on the survey methods; and generate detailed information on implementation costs and support requirements for each method. Three different types of recorder groups were trialled (researcher, consultant, volunteer) using different combinations of sampling methods (pan trapping, fixed transects pollinator survey, fixed transects flower survey, timed focal flower observations, standardised "free search" pollinator survey).
description: Recorders were given a detailed written transect protocols to follow and were a mixture of novice data collectors, experienced researchers and consultants with taxonomic . Data are provided as recorded.
DOI: 10.5285/186fdb05-cc14-4315-be30-fec28048b310
title: Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS) greenhouse gas fluxes in saltmarsh and mudflat habitats

description: The dataset details greenhouse gas fluxes as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) across six intertidal sites in the winter and summer of 2013. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England, each of these sites consisted of a saltmarsh area and adjacent mudflat area, twenty two sampling quadrats were placed on each area. Light and dark incubations were performed using a benthic chamber on seven of the twenty two quadrats of each site.

This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme.
description: Each site consisted of a polygon of roughly 400 x 500 m to 1000 x 1000 m in size, dependent upon site length (parallel to shore) and width (perpendicular to shore). Twenty two 1 x 1 m quadrats were randomly placed within each site polygon using R (R Development Core Team, 2014) to specify placement at four different spatial scales (A = 1 quadrat only, B = 3 quadrats at 1 m to 10 m apart, C = 6 quadrats at 10 m to 100 m apart, D = 12 quadrats at 100 m to 1000 m or site maximum). Only the quadrat from scale A, two quadrats from scale B and four quadrats from scale C were sampled for greenhouse gas fluxes. Light and dark incubations were performed using a benthic chamber connected to an infrared gas analyser. This allowed direct measurements of CO2. CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured from gas samples collected at five time points during the dark incubation and stored in glass Exetainer bottles for later processing. The samples were analysed using a gas chromatograph.
DOI: 10.5285/552977d4-b9aa-4932-a055-5ea3bdf16d56
title: Insect and plant data from calcareous grassland restoration sites in southern England, 2021

description: The dataset contains monitoring data for plants (surveyed using quadrats), sward insects (surveyed using suction samplers), insect pollinators (surveyed using transects) and sward structure (surveyed using drop disk height) across 60 calcareous grassland restoration sites from southern England and a further six wildcard sites made up of ancient grasslands and rewilding sites in 2021.  Information on site management during the sampling year are also included as well as the historic age of the restoration site.

Data were collected with the goal of understanding changes in the complexity of plant and invertebrate communities during grasslands restoration with a focus on the effects of duration of restoration.
description: On each site a sampling area was established of c. 100 x 100 m in the centre of the restoration field. All sampling occurred in 2021.  Data processing and lab-based identification continued into 2023.  For plant monitoring, thirteen 0.5 X 0.5 m quadrats were undertaken.  The presence or absence of all plant species found within the quadrat was recorded (All dicotyledons and monocots will be recorded). Bryophytes were recorded as a whole group. Sward height was measured in 40 locations using a drop disk.  This was repeated in June and August.  A vortis suction sampler was used to sample sward active invertebrates on two sample dates.   Invertebrates were identified to the highest taxonomic resolution practical with a focus on beetles, plant hoppers, true bugs and spiders. This was repeated in June and August.  To monitor pollinators, a 50 x 2 m transect was walked in June and August.  Transects were assessed in dry and calm weather conditions during between 10:00 and 16:00 with temperatures above 15 C.  Pollinators were identified to species were practical.  Associations with foraging plants were recorded.  Site location was recorded using GPS.  Information on site management and history (including site age) was recorded based on management agreements for agri-environment schemes.  Surrounding land use cover was recorded based on the UKCEH Landcover Map.

Nature and units of recorded variables can be found within supporting documentation.

All field workers were either experts with a long track record of pollinator identification or underwent extensive training.  Questionable specimens were collected for subsequent identification under laboratory conditions. Data was collected in the field using pre-prepared data sheets. Data sheets were checked both visually and following data entry into digital format by confirming where outlier abundances (>2SD from mean) were found that these were consistent with raw field data sheets.  

Not all identifications are to species level with this varying depending on taxonomic expertise.
DOI: 10.5285/c1f14c54-ffe1-4581-b479-897ff9262e98
title: In situ near-streambed light regime and water column dissolved oxygen and temperature measurements performed seasonally at six tributaries of Hampshire River Avon from 2013 to 2014

description: The dataset contains time series of dissolved oxygen dynamics and near-streambed light availability from selected riverine sites within the Hampshire Avon catchment (UK). Six rivers within sub-catchments of contrasting geology (clay, greensand, chalk) and associated river morphology were investigated. Data were obtained from field-based measurements in seasonal campaigns conducted between spring 2013 and winter 2014.
description: All data were generated by the authors. As time series containing physical parameters were generated, checks were made to ensure that each instrument was properly calibrated and serviced prior to each campaign to keep accuracy and precision within the manufacturer tolerances. Furthermore, the time series were screened for outliers caused by debris disturbing the sensor readings, out-of-water periods, and contamination by the users during concurrent activities on site. All data were checked to ensure reported values were above the detection limit of the respective sensors.
DOI: 10.5285/cfa9abd4-1200-47b6-9553-aa1b6e4d9ffd
title: Barium concentration and stable isotope ratio measurements of the dissolved and adsorbed phases from laboratory batch experiments and Himalayan river samples from 2015-2016

description: This dataset contains barium concentration and stable isotope ratio measurements of the adsorbed and dissolved phases associated with batch laboratory adsorption-desorption reactions using common environmental mineral adsorbents (clay minerals: kaolinite & montmorillonite, iron-oxyhydroxides: goethite and ferrihydrite) and surface waters (river water, groundwater and seawater).  The experiments systematically changed several variables (reaction duration, adsorbent concentration, water type and the pre-experiment adsorbent cleaning procedure).

Barium concentration and stable isotope ratio measurements of the adsorbed and dissolved phases from two Himalayan rivers (Saptakoshi River and Sunkoshi River) are also provided.
description: All experiments and analyses were performed in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge.

Barium concentrations were determined in two independent ways:
1.    Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) on an Agilent 5100.
2.	Isotope dilution via thermal ionisation mass spectrometer (TIMS) on a Thermo Fischer Scientific Triton Plus.

Barium isotope ratios were measured via TIMS on a Thermo Fischer Scientific Triton Plus. Barium was separated from other elements via column elution chromatography (AG50W-X8 resin). A double-spike procedure was used to correct for mass-dependent isotope fractionation. The NIST-3104a and NBS-127 standards were used to quantify the uncertainty associated with isotope ratio measurements (0.03 ‰).

Field samples of river water and sediment were collected from the surface of the water column from stationary sampling locations (Chatara and Khurkot) as part of the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes (PRESSurE) Project:  https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/.  The water and sediment samples were immediately separated following collection via filtration through 0.22-micrometre polyethersulfone (PES) membrane filters. Further information on the field samples can be found at: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2024.008. The desorption of barium from the surfaces of sediment and the laboratory adsorbents was achieved using repeated additions of 1.0 mol/L ammonium chloride (Puratronic™, 99.999% (metals basis), Thermo Scientific Chemicals).
DOI: 10.5285/809cd6e8-0615-45ff-b79b-6ba1ae474713
title: Concentrations of plant growth promoting compounds in soils and hydroponics due to the interaction of plants and earthworms

description: Data comprise phytohormone concentrations (plant growth hormones: adenosine, zeatin, isopentenyladenosine, indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid) measured during plant growth experiments in soil and hydroponic growth media in the presence and absence of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida respectively). Also presented are plant biomass, pH of the hydroponic solution and soil biological activity (concentration of Fluorescein diacetate - a measure of the hydrolytic capacity) at the end of the study.

The study was funded by the NERC (Grant number NE/M000648/1). Mass spectrometry was carried out in The York Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry; the centre was created thanks to a major capital investment through Science City York, supported by Yorkshire Forward with funds from the Northern Way Initiative, and subsequent support from EPSRC (EP/K039660/1; EP/M028127/1).
description: Full materials and methods available by downloading the accompanying supporting documentation file: SBB_SuppInfo_finalsubmission_KHigh.rtf.
DOI: 10.5285/b8a985f5-30b5-4234-9a62-03de60bf31f7
title: Continuous measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in rivers [LOIS]

description: Continuous measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen from river water at ten sites located within the rivers Swale, Derwent, Aire, Calder, Trent, Ouse and Nidd. Part of the Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) project. Hydrolab H20 water quality monitors were installed at ten sites and used to log water temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen between 1994 and 1997. Data were collected continuously at 30 minute intervals (for periods of variable lengths depending on site) between 1994 and 1997. Data were collected using Hydrolab DataSonde 3 continuous monitoring units. Hydrolabs at River Nidd (Hunsingore) and the River Swale (Crakehill) were suspended from trees. The other hydrolabs were located in large steel pipes running from the bank into the rivers which allowed the flow of water over the probes but offered a high degree of safety from damage by vandals and large water borne objects. The units on the Trent and the Ouse at Skelton were fitted with stirrers, as the probes were prone to fouling by the high levels of suspended solids often encountered in these rivers during spate conditions. The deployment of the units and the collection of data were carried out by members of the field sampling team at York University, as part of the Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS).
description: Data were collected using Hydrolab DataSonde 3 continuous monitoring units. The Hydrolabs were calibrated for pH conductivity and dissolved oxygen in the laboratory prior to deployment in the field. Units were exchanged on a fortnightly basis between November and April. From May to October the units were changed weekly - the increase in light penetration and temperature often led to problems due to algae/diatoms fouling the probes. This necessitated more regular cleaning and recalibration of the probes. At the changeover in the field of a newly cleaned and calibrated Hydrolab with a field soiled unit, the hand held Mettler CheckMate units used for the routine sampling were used to record the parameters being measured by the Hydrolabs. After downloading the data onto a spreadsheet, plots of the parameters against time were plotted. This showed up spurious data which were deleted from the spreadsheet if probes were faulty or fouled. The data were otherwise left as collected by the DataSonde (i.e. as raw data). A zip file containing box-and-whisker plots for each determinand, showing the range of values (median, inter-quartile range, 1.5 * inter-quartile range, outliers) recorded at each site are available to enable prospective users to understand data quality.
DOI: 10.5285/2883aaf1-6148-49cb-904a-d271a028c716
title: Elterwater inner basin: Estimated inflow discharge and water temperature, 2012-2019

description: The data consists of estimated hourly average inflow discharge (m3s-1) and water temperature (°C) of the inflow of the inner basin of Elterwater (lat: 54.428, long: -3.034) from January 2012 to December 2019.

The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/ L002604/1).
description: Flow data is derived from the Environment Agency gauge downstream on the River Brathay and also from discharge measured through the diversion pipe by South Cumbria Rivers Trust. Between January 2012 and December 2015, the total inflow was estimated as 2% of the gauged inflow from the R. Brathay and from January 2016 to December 2019, the total inflow was estimated as 2% of the gauged flow on the R. Brathay plus the measured flow of the diversion pipeline. Missing diversion pipeline measurements (<1% of the dataset) were estimated based on the relationship between the diversion pipeline and the gauged discharge, where both existed.
Water temperature data were derived from a relationship between measured water temperatures on the diversion pipeline between 2017 and 2019 and the previous 12 hours' air temperature.
DOI: 10.5285/7af2f732-f8a5-4a87-bcc0-dae54323efd0
title: Soil microbial community resilience data from Sourhope field experiment site, Scotland, 2001 [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: This set of data describes resilience in microbial communities in samples taken at the Sourhope experimental site in 2001 by the Scottish Crop Research Institute, the University of Aberdeen and Cranfield University.  Data were collected during a project funded under the NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme.
The NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT8545019630). During the experiment, the site was monitored to assess changes in above-ground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT 8545 1963). Soil samples were collected by students and staff at the experimental site before being processed according to standard protocols, with the data then being transferred to the programme data manager at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/26f52f30-e1d1-4314-89a0-0c3f80695418
title: National Plant Monitoring Scheme survey data (2015-2024)

description: This data resource provides plot-level plant occurrence data for the first ten years (2015-2024) of the National Plant Monitoring Scheme (NPMS, covering the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man). Data consist of individual observations of plants, and other habitat characteristics, at the metre-scale; observations are accompanied by percentage cover information recorded according to the Domin frequency-abundance scale commonly used in plant community ecology. Other information provided includes the plot type (size, shape, according to the NPMS classification), the volunteer-recorded NPMS habitat, the date of sampling, and information regarding the spatial location of the plot. Information contained within the metadata file should allow users to reconstruct the sampling history (including gaps) of any plot that has been sampled within the NPMS scheme between 2015 and 2024.
description: Data are collected directly from volunteers into a custom Indicia database system (www.indicia.org.uk) through the NPMS website (www.npms.org.uk) or app. The Indicia system is built on a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, and the data presented here were extracted directly from this master database using appropriate SQL queries. See the associated documentation for more information on the broader Quality Assurance processes supporting the NPMS.
DOI: 10.5285/366dee48-80c1-44a2-8a8d-2723a0fc3985
title:  Passive sampler ammonia measurements indoors and outdoors at a rural dwelling in South Lanarkshire, 2021

description: This dataset consists of ammonia (NH3) measurements at two sites in a rural location in South Lanarkshire. The sites are located in a dwelling, one site is inside and the other is outside in the garden area. The garden backs onto grassland which is part of a large dairy farm. The ammonia measurements are taken from a set of UKCEH ALPHA® (Adapted Low-cost Passive High Absorption) samplers from January 2021 to December 2021. Samplers are exposed in monthly cycles at the beginning of each month.
description: Local site operator duties are completed by a private individual and analysis and plotting of results is completed by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh. Samplers are exposed in monthly cycles at the beginning of each month.
Data analysis and preparation is conducted using the AAGA data processing tool. AAGA is a database designed to introduce more reliable, reproductible and traceable way of handling data from ALPHA® samplers, the abbreviation stands for Ammonia Acids Gases and Aerosols data system.
DOI: 10.5285/d83e0c7d-ea49-4cf9-a002-c31cc3bbfe80
title: Impacts of cattle grazing and fire on old-growth grasslands plant communities in the Brazilian Cerrado, 2022

description: The data contains variables related to the diversity and structure of plant communities of cattle-grazed and burned old-growth grasslands and ungrazed and unburned old-growth grasslands located in the northern region of the Cerrado, specifically in the municipality of São Félix do Tocantins, state of Tocantins, Brazil, collected in March and April 2022. 
Data were collected in 100 plots of 1-m² distributed over ten old-growth grasslands (10 plots per site), of which five were grazed and burned and five ungrazed and unburned.

description: Data were collected in the field by 4 experts in March and April 2022. The aboveground vegetation biomass data involved the collection, transport, drying (using a forced air oven at 80°C for 48 hours), and weighing of material (using an electronic scale with 0.1-milligram precision).