DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq74k
title: Data from: Genetic and morphometric evidence for the recognition of several recently synonymized species of trans-Andean Rhamdia (Pisces: Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

description: A recent taxonomic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Rhamdia
 (Pisces: Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) reduced a number of described
 species to synonymy, especially under a broadly circumscribed R. quelen.
 Evidence is presented here from DNA sequence data, external morphology,
 and morphometrics that argues for the recognition of R. guatemalensis in
 Central and northern South America and R. saijaensis and R. cinerascens in
 the Pacific drainages of Colombia and Ecuador, respectively. The DNA data
 indicate that all trans-Andean samples form a monophyletic group, within
 which there are separate clades corresponding to R. laticauda and the
 synonymized R. guatemalensis, R. saijaensis, and R. cinerascens. The
 morphometric data substantiate the phylogenetic groupings, and in external
 morphology, each putative species has diagnostic characters. Rhamdia
 guatemalensis is characterized by insertion of the adipose fin closer to
 the dorsal fin than to the caudal fin and presence of a conspicuous
 lateral longitudinal dark band; R. saijaensis is characterized by a small
 head with head length 20.8–23.4% of standard length and by lacking a
 lateral longitudinal band; and R. cinerascens is characterized by a large
 head with head length 25.8–30.1% of standard length, base of the adipose
 fin 30.3–33.3% of standard length, outer mental barbels extending to the
 base of the pectoral rays, and presence of a faint lateral longitudinal
 band. The external morphological differences and phylogenetic
 relationships indicate that these groups are both recognizable and
 represent independent lineages, which argue for their recognition as
 species.
description: Rhamdia Parsimony
 MatrixWinClada (.winc) file of
 117 Rhamdia individuals for parsimony analysisRhamdiaCOLMay117MP.wincRhamdia Parsimony or Maximum Likelihood Nexus FileA nexus (.nxs, .nex) file for use in parsimony and maximum likelihood analysesRhamdiaCOLMay117.nxsRhamdia Nexus File with Bayesian Analysis BlockNexus (.nxs, .nex) file for Bayesian analysis using MrBayes. Bayesian block included.RhamdiaCOLMay117BAYES.nxsRhamdia raw morphometrics dataRhamdia raw morphometrics data in Excel (.xlsx) formatRhamdia_morphometrics_data.xlsxAppendix 1. Parsimony analysis of Rhamdia mt cytb dataParsimony analysis of Rhamdia mitochondrial cyt b data. Strict consensus with bootstrap support values.Appendix 1.pdfAppendix 2. Most likely tree from ML analysis of Rhamdia mt cytb dataMaximum likelihood analysis of Rhamdia mitochondrial cyt b data. Most likely tree (highest –ln score) of four replications with bootstrap support values. Three of the four replicates resulted in the same topology, best tree with –ln likelihood = –9147.8963.Appendix 2.pdfAppendix 3. Divergence times estimates of Rhamdia species.Divergence time estimates chronogram from BEAST for several Rhamdia species. Values on branches represent posterior probabilities. Bars correspond to 95% HPD intervals. Stars show calibration points.Appendix 3.pdf