cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978001.v2
title: Downward-Shifting Temperature Range for the Growth of Snow-Bacteria on Glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau

description: Fifty-seven snow-bacteria strains were isolated from the snow of the Zadang and Mengdagangri Glaciers located in the central and southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains isolated from the Zadang Glacier belonged to the Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and were dominated by the Firmicutes. Strains from the Mengdagangri Glacier belonged to the Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, and were dominated by the Actinobacteria. Sixty-one percent of the isolates were colored with pigment. Sixty-nine percent of isolates from the Zadang Glacier were psychrotolerants, and there were no psychrophiles. We compared the growth-temperature range of 26 snow-bacteria strains to their closest mesophilic type strains and found that 46% of them had an optimum growth-temperature at or lower than 20°C, and 65% were all able to grow at 0°C. However, only 5.3% of mesophilic strains had optimum growth-temperatures at or lower than 20°C, and 9% could grow at 0°C. Snow-bacteria shift their growth-temperature downward; and doing this, in terms of the minimum and optimum temperatures for growth, might be an important strategy for them to adapt to low temperature after they have been deposited on the glacier. Our results suggested that, in order to adapt from mesophilic environments to a cold habitat, snow-bacteria widen their temperature range for growth, convert from mesophiles to psychrotolerants, but not to psychrophiles. In addition, eight isolates formed pigmented colonies, while their mesophilic counterparts were achromogenic. This helped us to confirm through comparative analysis that pigmented microorganisms were more abundant in high-altitude glaciers than in mesophilic environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978657
title: Logistic regression analysis of ICH by sex in both the eastern and western groups

description: ORs:odds ratios 
95%CI: 95% confidence interval
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978658
title: Adjusted ORs and 95%CIs for ICH death by occupation in males and females in the eastern and western groups

description: ORs: odds ratios
95%CI: 95% confidence interval
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978659
title: ICH death by occupation in married and unmarried males in the eastern and western regions

description: ORs: odds ratios
95%CI: 95% confidence interval
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978659.v1
title: ICH death by occupation in married and unmarried males in the eastern and western regions

description: ORs: odds ratios
95%CI: 95% confidence interval
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978660
title: ICH death by occupation in both married and unmarried males in Eastern and Western Inner Mongolia by age

description: ORs: odds ratios
95%CI: 95% confidence interval
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.978660.v1
title: ICH death by occupation in both married and unmarried males in Eastern and Western Inner Mongolia by age

description: ORs: odds ratios
95%CI: 95% confidence interval
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.985596
title: Combined-penalized likelihood estimations with a diverging number of parameters

description: In the economics and biological gene expression study area where a large number of variables will be involved, even when the predictors are independent, as long as the dimension is high, the maximum sample correlation can be large. Variable selection is a fundamental method to deal with such models. The ridge regression performs well when the predictors are highly correlated and some nonconcave penalized thresholding estimators enjoy the nice oracle property. In order to provide a satisfactory solution to the collinearity problem, in this paper we report the combined-penalization (CP) mixed by the nonconcave penalty and ridge, with a diverging number of parameters. It is observed that the CP estimator with a diverging number of parameters can correctly select covariates with nonzero coefficients and can estimate parameters simultaneously in the presence of multicollinearity. Simulation studies and a real data example demonstrate the well performance of the proposed method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.985596.v1
title: Combined-penalized likelihood estimations with a diverging number of parameters

description: In the economics and biological gene expression study area where a large number of variables will be involved, even when the predictors are independent, as long as the dimension is high, the maximum sample correlation can be large. Variable selection is a fundamental method to deal with such models. The ridge regression performs well when the predictors are highly correlated and some nonconcave penalized thresholding estimators enjoy the nice oracle property. In order to provide a satisfactory solution to the collinearity problem, in this paper we report the combined-penalization (CP) mixed by the nonconcave penalty and ridge, with a diverging number of parameters. It is observed that the CP estimator with a diverging number of parameters can correctly select covariates with nonzero coefficients and can estimate parameters simultaneously in the presence of multicollinearity. Simulation studies and a real data example demonstrate the well performance of the proposed method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.985596.v2
title: Combined-penalized likelihood estimations with a diverging number of parameters

description: In the economics and biological gene expression study area where a large number of variables will be involved, even when the predictors are independent, as long as the dimension is high, the maximum sample correlation can be large. Variable selection is a fundamental method to deal with such models. The ridge regression performs well when the predictors are highly correlated and some nonconcave penalized thresholding estimators enjoy the nice oracle property. In order to provide a satisfactory solution to the collinearity problem, in this paper we report the combined-penalization (CP) mixed by the nonconcave penalty and ridge, with a diverging number of parameters. It is observed that the CP estimator with a diverging number of parameters can correctly select covariates with nonzero coefficients and can estimate parameters simultaneously in the presence of multicollinearity. Simulation studies and a real data example demonstrate the well performance of the proposed method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1006460
title: Supporting Evidence-Based Medicine: A Survey of U.S. Medical Librarians

description: This study sought to identify medical librarians' roles in supporting evidence-based medicine (EBM) practice; determine whether medical librarians' work settings, work experiences, or job titles made a difference in their EBM responsibilities; and find out medical librarians' perceptions of their roles in EBM practice. An online survey was distributed to U.S. medical librarians. The results showed that medical librarians had positive perceptions of their EBM-related responsibilities, which were diverse and specific. Their work experience, work settings, and job title categories related to some of their EBM responsibilities, as well as the nature of some of the responsibilities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1006460.v1
title: Supporting Evidence-Based Medicine: A Survey of U.S. Medical Librarians

description: This study sought to identify medical librarians' roles in supporting evidence-based medicine (EBM) practice; determine whether medical librarians' work settings, work experiences, or job titles made a difference in their EBM responsibilities; and find out medical librarians' perceptions of their roles in EBM practice. An online survey was distributed to U.S. medical librarians. The results showed that medical librarians had positive perceptions of their EBM-related responsibilities, which were diverse and specific. Their work experience, work settings, and job title categories related to some of their EBM responsibilities, as well as the nature of some of the responsibilities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1008766
title: Effects of river sediment addition to the beach microbial communities

description: During the processes of claiming land from the sea, river sediments are used to fill and transform the sea area along the margin of islands and lands into new lands. These activities would probably affect microbial ecosystems of the beach sediment. However, little is known about these effects. In this study, a simulation test was conducted to evaluate these effects. Pyrosequencing technique was employed to assess the effects of river sediment addition to the beach bacterial communities. The used river sediments were collected from different rivers. The results indicated that river sediment addition greatly impacted microbial ecosystems of the beach and caused a clear shift in the beach bacterial community composition. These processes remarkably increased toxic metals and decreased the bacterial diversity in the beach sediment, mainly including the phyla of <i>Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Spirochaetes</i>. River sediment addition caused an increase in potentially pathogenic bacterial genera of the beach sediment. Bacterial phylotype richness in the beach without river sediment addition was higher than that in the beach with river sediment input. There were significant differences in bacterial communities between beach sediments with and without river sediment addition, and the most dominant classes were <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Flavobacteria</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1008766.v1
title: Effects of river sediment addition to the beach microbial communities

description: During the processes of claiming land from the sea, river sediments are used to fill and transform the sea area along the margin of islands and lands into new lands. These activities would probably affect microbial ecosystems of the beach sediment. However, little is known about these effects. In this study, a simulation test was conducted to evaluate these effects. Pyrosequencing technique was employed to assess the effects of river sediment addition to the beach bacterial communities. The used river sediments were collected from different rivers. The results indicated that river sediment addition greatly impacted microbial ecosystems of the beach and caused a clear shift in the beach bacterial community composition. These processes remarkably increased toxic metals and decreased the bacterial diversity in the beach sediment, mainly including the phyla of <i>Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Spirochaetes</i>. River sediment addition caused an increase in potentially pathogenic bacterial genera of the beach sediment. Bacterial phylotype richness in the beach without river sediment addition was higher than that in the beach with river sediment input. There were significant differences in bacterial communities between beach sediments with and without river sediment addition, and the most dominant classes were <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Flavobacteria</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1008766.v2
title: Effects of river sediment addition to the beach microbial communities

description: During the processes of claiming land from the sea, river sediments are used to fill and transform the sea area along the margin of islands and lands into new lands. These activities would probably affect microbial ecosystems of the beach sediment. However, little is known about these effects. In this study, a simulation test was conducted to evaluate these effects. Pyrosequencing technique was employed to assess the effects of river sediment addition to the beach bacterial communities. The used river sediments were collected from different rivers. The results indicated that river sediment addition greatly impacted microbial ecosystems of the beach and caused a clear shift in the beach bacterial community composition. These processes remarkably increased toxic metals and decreased the bacterial diversity in the beach sediment, mainly including the phyla of <i>Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Spirochaetes</i>. River sediment addition caused an increase in potentially pathogenic bacterial genera of the beach sediment. Bacterial phylotype richness in the beach without river sediment addition was higher than that in the beach with river sediment input. There were significant differences in bacterial communities between beach sediments with and without river sediment addition, and the most dominant classes were <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Flavobacteria</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1008766.v3
title: Effects of river sediment addition to the beach microbial communities

description: During the processes of claiming land from the sea, river sediments are used to fill and transform the sea area along the margin of islands and lands into new lands. These activities would probably affect microbial ecosystems of the beach sediment. However, little is known about these effects. In this study, a simulation test was conducted to evaluate these effects. Pyrosequencing technique was employed to assess the effects of river sediment addition to the beach bacterial communities. The used river sediments were collected from different rivers. The results indicated that river sediment addition greatly impacted microbial ecosystems of the beach and caused a clear shift in the beach bacterial community composition. These processes remarkably increased toxic metals and decreased the bacterial diversity in the beach sediment, mainly including the phyla of <i>Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria</i>, and <i>Spirochaetes</i>. River sediment addition caused an increase in potentially pathogenic bacterial genera of the beach sediment. Bacterial phylotype richness in the beach without river sediment addition was higher than that in the beach with river sediment input. There were significant differences in bacterial communities between beach sediments with and without river sediment addition, and the most dominant classes were <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Flavobacteria</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1009013
title: An Empirical Bayes Method for Multivariate Meta-analysis with an Application in Clinical Trials

description: We propose an empirical Bayes method for evaluating overall and study-specific treatment effects in multivariate meta-analysis with binary outcome. Instead of modeling transformed proportions or risks via commonly used multivariate general or generalized linear models, we directly model the risks without any transformation. The exact posterior distribution of the study-specific relative risk is derived. The hyperparameters in the posterior distribution can be inferred through an empirical Bayes procedure. As our method does not rely on the choice of transformation, it provides a flexible alternative to the existing methods and in addition, the correlation parameter can be intuitively interpreted as the correlation coefficient between risks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1009013.v2
title: An Empirical Bayes Method for Multivariate Meta-analysis with an Application in Clinical Trials

description: We propose an empirical Bayes method for evaluating overall and study-specific treatment effects in multivariate meta-analysis with binary outcome. Instead of modeling transformed proportions or risks via commonly used multivariate general or generalized linear models, we directly model the risks without any transformation. The exact posterior distribution of the study-specific relative risk is derived. The hyperparameters in the posterior distribution can be inferred through an empirical Bayes procedure. As our method does not rely on the choice of transformation, it provides a flexible alternative to the existing methods and in addition, the correlation parameter can be intuitively interpreted as the correlation coefficient between risks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1009013.v1
title: An Empirical Bayes Method for Multivariate Meta-analysis with an Application in Clinical Trials

description: We propose an empirical Bayes method for evaluating overall and study-specific treatment effects in multivariate meta-analysis with binary outcome. Instead of modeling transformed proportions or risks via commonly used multivariate general or generalized linear models, we directly model the risks without any transformation. The exact posterior distribution of the study-specific relative risk is derived. The hyperparameters in the posterior distribution can be inferred through an empirical Bayes procedure. As our method does not rely on the choice of transformation, it provides a flexible alternative to the existing methods and in addition, the correlation parameter can be intuitively interpreted as the correlation coefficient between risks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1011565
title: The NEE and CH<sub>4</sub> flux simulated by the CRU-forced run and the RCAO-forced run (uptake: negative, release: positive)

description: <b>Table 1.</b> 
 The NEE and CH<sub>4</sub> flux simulated by the CRU-forced run and the RCAO-forced run (uptake: negative, release: positive). CH<sub>4</sub> values are for the wetland fraction of the study area only.
 <strong>Abstract</strong> One major challenge to the improvement of regional climate scenarios for the northern high latitudes is to understand land surface feedbacks associated with vegetation shifts and ecosystem biogeochemical cycling. We employed a customized, Arctic version of the individual-based dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS to simulate the dynamics of upland and wetland ecosystems under a regional climate model–downscaled future climate projection for the Arctic and Subarctic. The simulated vegetation distribution (1961–1990) agreed well with a composite map of actual arctic vegetation. In the future (2051–2080), a poleward advance of the forest–tundra boundary, an expansion of tall shrub tundra, and a dominance shift from deciduous to evergreen boreal conifer forest over northern Eurasia were simulated. Ecosystems continued to sink carbon for the next few decades, although the size of these sinks diminished by the late 21st century. Hot spots of increased CH<sub>4</sub> emission were identified in the peatlands near Hudson Bay and western Siberia. In terms of their net impact on regional climate forcing, positive feedbacks associated with the negative effects of tree-line, shrub cover and forest phenology changes on snow-season albedo, as well as the larger sources of CH<sub>4</sub>, may potentially dominate over negative feedbacks due to increased carbon sequestration and increased latent heat flux.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1011565.v1
title: The NEE and CH<sub>4</sub> flux simulated by the CRU-forced run and the RCAO-forced run (uptake: negative, release: positive)

description: <b>Table 1.</b> 
 The NEE and CH<sub>4</sub> flux simulated by the CRU-forced run and the RCAO-forced run (uptake: negative, release: positive). CH<sub>4</sub> values are for the wetland fraction of the study area only.
 <strong>Abstract</strong> One major challenge to the improvement of regional climate scenarios for the northern high latitudes is to understand land surface feedbacks associated with vegetation shifts and ecosystem biogeochemical cycling. We employed a customized, Arctic version of the individual-based dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS to simulate the dynamics of upland and wetland ecosystems under a regional climate model–downscaled future climate projection for the Arctic and Subarctic. The simulated vegetation distribution (1961–1990) agreed well with a composite map of actual arctic vegetation. In the future (2051–2080), a poleward advance of the forest–tundra boundary, an expansion of tall shrub tundra, and a dominance shift from deciduous to evergreen boreal conifer forest over northern Eurasia were simulated. Ecosystems continued to sink carbon for the next few decades, although the size of these sinks diminished by the late 21st century. Hot spots of increased CH<sub>4</sub> emission were identified in the peatlands near Hudson Bay and western Siberia. In terms of their net impact on regional climate forcing, positive feedbacks associated with the negative effects of tree-line, shrub cover and forest phenology changes on snow-season albedo, as well as the larger sources of CH<sub>4</sub>, may potentially dominate over negative feedbacks due to increased carbon sequestration and increased latent heat flux.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1011725
title: Summary of simulation experiments conducted in this study

description: <b>Table 1.</b> 
 Summary of simulation experiments conducted in this study.
 <strong>Abstract</strong> Climate change and permafrost thaw have been suggested to increase high latitude methane emissions that could potentially represent a strong feedback to the climate system. Using an integrated earth-system model framework, we examine the degradation of near-surface permafrost, temporal dynamics of inundation (lakes and wetlands) induced by hydro-climatic change, subsequent methane emission, and potential climate feedback. We find that increases in atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> and its radiative forcing, which result from the thawed, inundated emission sources, are small, particularly when weighed against human emissions. The additional warming, across the range of climate policy and uncertainties in the climate-system response, would be no greater than 0.1 ° C by 2100. Further, for this temperature feedback to be doubled (to approximately 0.2 ° C) by 2100, at least a 25-fold increase in the methane emission that results from the estimated permafrost degradation would be required. Overall, this biogeochemical global climate-warming feedback is relatively small whether or not humans choose to constrain global emissions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1011725.v1
title: Summary of simulation experiments conducted in this study

description: <b>Table 1.</b> 
 Summary of simulation experiments conducted in this study.
 <strong>Abstract</strong> Climate change and permafrost thaw have been suggested to increase high latitude methane emissions that could potentially represent a strong feedback to the climate system. Using an integrated earth-system model framework, we examine the degradation of near-surface permafrost, temporal dynamics of inundation (lakes and wetlands) induced by hydro-climatic change, subsequent methane emission, and potential climate feedback. We find that increases in atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> and its radiative forcing, which result from the thawed, inundated emission sources, are small, particularly when weighed against human emissions. The additional warming, across the range of climate policy and uncertainties in the climate-system response, would be no greater than 0.1 ° C by 2100. Further, for this temperature feedback to be doubled (to approximately 0.2 ° C) by 2100, at least a 25-fold increase in the methane emission that results from the estimated permafrost degradation would be required. Overall, this biogeochemical global climate-warming feedback is relatively small whether or not humans choose to constrain global emissions.