cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/56915f15-46b5-4693-8737-28c985f27f80
title: Charcoal concentrations from radiocarbon-dated lake sediments in the Brazilian Pantanal

description: Data include four charcoal concentration datasets derived from radiocarbon-dated lake sediments in the Brazilian Pantanal, from which regional fire histories can be inferred over the last few millennia. Each dataset provides raw counts of charcoal fragments > 125 um calculated per cubic centimetre of sediment. Samples measuring 0.5 to 1.5 cc were analysed at each 1-cm depth. Contained within each data sheet are radiocarbon dates for several horizons in the lake sediment for the derivation of age-depth models for a chronological framework for each record.
description: Sediment samples were extracted at a 1 cm resolution through the studied cores and their volume measured using water displacement. Clay rich sediments (LM and LC) were treated with 200 ml of 7 % sodium hexametaphosphate (Na6P6O18) and organic rich sediments (MIM) in 200 ml of 10 % potassium hydroxide (KOH). Samples were deflocculated on a hot plate for 30 minutes at 80 oC. Residues from the organic rich sediments were additionally washed in deionized water and placed in 7 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours at room temperature. The residues were sieved at 125 μm and 250 μm. Residues were counted at 125 μm and 250 μm under a low powered microscope in a bogorov tray. Raw charcoal counts were converted to a concentration (particles cm3).  Sediment samples were obtained from discrete horizons from each core and sent for radiocarbon dating at commercial laboratory facilities.
DOI: 10.5285/73ee6512-a7c6-464c-bae0-38862ab8b87a
title: Luminescence signals and estimates of dose rate from sediment cores, Lake Suigetsu, Japan

description: This dataset contains information about the luminescence signals measured from the Lake Suigetsu sediment cores across four time periods: the last 500 years (537 to -47 cal BP), the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (44,828 to 35,550 cal BP), the limit of varves (73,130 to 69,413 yr BP) and glacial termination I (139,499 to 118,001 yr BP). Sampling intervals varied between time periods (see supporting documentation for more information). The luminescence signals were quantified using Portable Optically Stimulated Luminescence (POSL) analysis of bulk sediment using blue light and infrared exposures, and laboratory profiling analysis of prepared quartz fine fractions (using blue light exposures) and polymineral fine fractions (using blue light and infrared exposures). This data was collected to determine if these methods could be used to detect past catchment environmental change. Alongside this dataset, we estimated dose rate at six points across the four time periods studied using elemental concentrations. This data was collected to see if the luminescence signals measured from the Lake Suigetsu cores could be used to determine burial age.

The work was supported by the NERC IAPETUS2 Doctoral Training Partnership.
description: The Lake Suigetsu cores were subsampled under red light conditions following the sampling schemes detailed in the supporting documentation. Samples were immediately subjected to portable optically stimulated luminescence (POSL) analysis using a POSL reader to yield “net” and “depletion” values following blue light (POSL) and infrared (PIRSL) exposures, as well as a POSL/IRSL ratio. Subsequently, the samples underwent physical separation to isolate fine grains (5-50µm) and then chemically treated to isolate quartz and polymineral fractions. These fractions were then measured in a Risø TL/OSL system to yield estimates of equivalent dose and sensitivity when exposed to blue light (quartz and polymineral) and infrared light (polymineral only). Separate subsamples were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine the concentration of uranium, thorium and potassium in each. These concentrations were then used to provide estimates of dose rate based on two scenarios – one assuming activity-free grains, and one assuming that the activity of each grain is identical to that of the matrix. Assumptions of water content and cosmogenic dose rate were made to facilitate these calculations.
DOI: 10.5285/81d05a77-4c95-4f17-bdbf-4c0a0095db6d
title: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) survey of Ciste Mhearad snow patch perimeter, Cairngorm, Scotland, 2023

description: This dataset contains geographic locations, including the horizontal and vertical position, of the perimeter of the Ciste Mhearad snow patch on Cairngorm for three dates in the summer of 2023. Points on the perimeter were located using two Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers as base and roving stations during visits on 19 June, 27 July and 28 July 2023.
description: Data were collected with two Leica VIVA GS10 GNSS receivers: one as a stationary base station and one roving station carried by the operator walking around the snow patch. Data recorded in the field were processed in Post-Processed Kinematic mode, which means that the accurate positions of the points on the perimeter were not calculated in real time, but raw Global Navigation Satellite System logs were processed afterwards.
Standard deviations give calculated accuracy of post-processed points. Sudden increases in standard deviation to ~0.01 m horizontal and ~0.04 m vertical show points that were recorded during failures of the base station power. Differential accuracy was achieved for these points by tying them to the British Isles continuous GNSS Facility (BIGF) station at Braemar, 19 km away, instead.
DOI: 10.5285/e0bcdc39-ab79-413c-bf76-d6ffbc510f15
title: Ozone effects in high sugar grass pasture

description: Data includes raw shoot biomass and yield, production and gas exchange, nodulation and N-fixation and forage quality data, including relative and consumable food values. The impacts of ozone on the growth and functioning of high-sugar ryegrass pasture mesocosms was assessed in year 2013. Pasture mesocosms, containing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) and white clover (Trifolium repens L), were grown in the early spring and exposed to ozone in solardomes from late April 2013 to the end of September 2013. Ozone (30, 35, 40, 45, 52, 67 parts per billion (ppb) treatment means) had a large effect on the pasture mesocosms. The work was carried out as part of a NERC funded PhD. Project number NEC04456.
description: The impacts of ozone on the growth and functioning of high-sugar ryegrass (HSG) pasture mesocosms was assessed in year 2013. Pasture mesocosms, containing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) and white clover (Trifolium repens L), were grown in the early spring and exposed to ozone in solardomes from late April 2013 to the end of September 2013. Ozone (30, 35, 40, 45, 52, 67 parts per billion (ppb) treatment means) had a large effect on the pasture mesocosms, including causing ozone-injury and reduced shoot biomass growth, reduced gas exchange and net primary productivity of pasture mesocosms, reduced nodulation and nitrogen fixation in clover, and negative impacts on forage quality. Flux-based dose-response relationships were constructed for biomass, N-fixation and forage quality parameters. In general, a good fit (r squared) may be found with below-ground variables, and new dose-response relationships developed may assist in the development of new critical levels for impacts of ozone on pasture vegetation. Effect of ozone on shoot biomass and injury rate may reduce over time as vegetation acclimates to high ozone levels. Data was first recording in the field in field notebooks, and was then transferred to electronic copies (MS Excel worksheets). Data was then exported as .csv files for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre.
DOI: 10.5285/7c181090-416c-448f-9980-9e3bde88a82a
title: Bryophyte species distribution at monad or finer resolution, Edinburgh, UK, 2015-2024

description: This is bryophyte species distribution data from a survey of the city of Edinburgh UK. The survey was conducted on a structured monad by monad basis and comprises 5551 observations from 138 1 x 1 km squares and 272 taxa collected between 2015 and 2024 and provides a comprehensive survey of bryophyte species distribution. Much of the data is listed at finer resolution (100 x 100, or 10 x 10m) and includes habitats.
This data is part of the Botanical Society of Scotland SCIO project which records the Urban Flora of Scotland.

description: In recognition of the fact that botanical surveys of urban areas have been comparatively neglected, the Urban Flora of Scotland project was set up in 2015 to investigate the flora of towns and cities with a population of more than 1000. This data is a subset of the bryological records collected, and only contains data for Edinburgh. Data was collected by volunteer experienced bryologists. No funding agencies were involved.
All species names and grid references checked. Where duplicate species data was collected at the same location only the most recent data is included in this file.
DOI: 10.5285/8a86cb01-46d5-4620-a2be-c15c7616fbe8
title: Long-term multisite Scots pine trial, Scotland: mother tree, cone and seed phenotypes, 2007 v2

description: Phenotypes for Scots pine mother trees and their cones/seed from 21 populations across Scotland in 2007. The seed was used to establish a long-term multisite common garden trial at three nurseries/field sites
description: Twenty-one Caledonian pinewood populations were visited in 2007 and cones collected from 10 trees (known as ‘mother trees’) per population. Phenotypes (including height, DBH, soil depth, competition and altitude) were recorded for each mother tree. The size and weight of cones (10 per mother tree) and seeds (all seeds within each cone: total number of viable seeds, percentage viability and weight of viable seeds) were also recorded.
DOI: 10.5285/cba9f9db-4706-4f1e-aaf4-fd7769e00db0
title: Gridded flood frequency estimates for Kerala, India

description: This is a set of six ASCII grids describing the peak flood event for six return periods (2-100 years) at each point of the river network in the state of Kerala, India. Estimates were derived in a similar way to the Flood Estimation Handbook* approach.  The data is measured in cubic metres per second, and is given on an unprojected resolution of 15 arc-seconds per grid cell.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council as part of the LAWIS programme delivering National Capability.

* (Flood Estimation Handbook. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, 1999, ISBN: 9781906698003)
description: Hydrological flow records were used from the CWC to extract an annual maxima series from 2000-2020 across the state. Catchment descriptors from HydroSHEDS, UN FAO Harmonised World Soil Database, and IMD rainfall products were used to estimate the 2-year flood at ungauged sites. Top-kriging was used to interpolate this to over 300 sites covering the state. Then a regional GEV growth curve was fitted to get other return periods of peak flow.
DOI: 10.5285/043513e5-406c-4477-89aa-c96059acb232
title: Wild rodent tracking and gut microbiome data, Holly Hill, Wytham Woods, UK, 2018-2019

description: This data set is a combination of trapping data, tracking data, vegetation/habitat data and data on the gut microbiome composition of wild rodents caught in 4 ha study site in Holly Hill in Wytham Woods, Oxford, UK, from November 2018 to November 2019. Three species of rodents were trapped with Sherman live-traps fortnightly for 12 months: wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Upon capture, they were measured, weighted, sexed, aged and a faecal sample was collected from all rodent individuals for microbiome analyses. All rodents were released to their location of capture. 

First time each individual was captured, they were injected with a permanent subcutaneous Radio-Frequency Identification(RFID)-tag (Passive Integrated Transponder-tag). The tagged rodents were subsequently tracked from February to November 2019 with a set of 120 custom-made tracking devices (loggers). Loggers recorded to time-stamped presence of any tagged individual that passed near it, producing occurrence data suitable for inferring spatiotemporal activity patterns of rodents, such as temporal niches, home ranges and social networks. Bacterial DNA extracted from faecal samples were used to profile their gut microbiome composition.

The study area was surveyed for vegetation and microhabitat variation by gathering habitat data of each 10 x 10 m grid square across the 4 ha plot. Data included list of plant species (visible in late May), coverage by the main ground cover types, canopy openness and amount of dead wood in each grid square. 

This work was funded by a NC3Rs Fellowship to Sarah Knowles, and NERC independent Research Fellowship to Sarah Knowles (NE/L011867/1)
description: Wild rodents were trapped fortnightly, tagged and continuously monitored with tracking technology for 10 months. This is a natural rodent population and no experimental manipulations were made. Upon capture, faecal samples were collected from the rodents. Faecal samples were stored without buffer in -80 C. In winter 2019-2020 DNA was extracted from the faecal samples of wood mice, yellow-necked mice and bank voles, and their gut microbiome was characterised from this by amplification and sequencing of the V4-V5 region of bacterial 16S rRNA marker gene. In May 2020 the study area was surveyed for vegetation and microhabitat variation. Details of the data generation and the cleaning process can be found from the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/61640ba9-ffdd-4eda-9e83-dafc01ba8cc7
title: Enteric virus concentrations, pH and turbidity in wastewater discharged to the Conwy River and estuary, North Wales (2016-2017)

description: This dataset contains pH, turbidity and viral concentration information in untreated and treated wastewater samples at wastewater discharge points and wastewater treatment plants along the Conwy River. The aim of the data collection was to investigate diurnal changes in enteric virus concentrations in wastewater and to investigate any correlation with wastewater pH and turbidity. 
Untreated wastewater samples were collected at one wastewater treatment plant for two events. Treated wastewater samples were collected at two wastewater discharge points for two and three sampling events, respectively. All the sampling took place between July 2016 and March 2017. During a sampling events, samples were collected every two hours for 72 hours using autosamplers. Samples were collected by trained members of staff from Bangor University and Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH).
The data were collected as part of the VIRAQUA project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under the Environmental Microbiology and Human Health (EMHH) Programme (NE/M010996/1).

description: The pH, turbidity and conductivity of the water samples was measured directly, whereas viral nucleic acid concentrations of norovirus GI and GII, hepatitis A and E viruses, sapovirus GI and adenovirus were determined in concentrated samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Viral concentrations are expressed in genome copies (gc) in one litre wastewater, where one gc refers to the genome of one virus particle. Data were collated into an Excel spreadsheet and exported into a .csv file for ingestion into the EIDC.
DOI: 10.5285/998c2b2b-7470-42b0-81e7-409b91752377
title: Meteorological data and ammonia concentration and deposition rates from an ammonia enhancement experiment site, Queensberry, Sri Lanka, 2022

description: This dataset contains information about meteorological conditions and ammonia concentration and deposition rates resulting from an experimental setup. An NH3 enhancement experiment along with a full suite of multi-height meteorological measurements was established in a tropical forest in central Sri Lanka. Under suitable wind conditions measured at the meteorological tower, NH3 is released towards two monitoring transects. Along the downwind monitoring transects, NH3 concentrations in the air are measured using monthly passive samplers. Deposition rates are modelled using a bi-directional resistance model based on measured NH3 concentrations in the air, micrometeorology and plant physiology. Additionally, NH3 concentrations were measured at high temporal resolution at a fixed downwind distance from the source to achieve the target enhancement concentrations.

The work was supported by UKRI GCRF South Asian Nitrogen Hub (Grant NE/S009019/1).
description: Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, total solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, wind speed and wind direction were measured at four heights starting from the ground level to above-canopy. The measurements were made on a 12 m tall mast. Additionally, soil moisture, temperature and electric conductivity was measured at three depths. All instruments measured data every 20 seconds and the average was calculated over fifteen-minute intervals through a data logger. NH3 enhancement was conducted by releasing the gas from a pure anhydrous NH3 cylinder. A mass flow controller (MFC) released pre-programmed volume of NH3 under suitable wind conditions and the release volume and time is recorded on the datalogger at one-minute intervals. The meteorological and NH3 enhancement data was checked visually, and any obvious errors introduced by instrument malfunctioning, datalogger programming issues and power cuts were removed. NH3 concentrations were measured downwind of the source using UKCEH Adapted Low-cost Passive High Absorption (ALPHA) samplers and analysed monthly. NH3 concentrations not following the regular exponentially declining curve with distance from the source were removed. Monthly dry deposition of NH3 to different layers of the canopy was modelled using a bi-directional resistance model written in R. At a distance of 10 m downwind of the NH3 source, NH3 concentrations were measured using a Picarro high-resolution analyser at a frequency of 1 Hz and averaged over one-minute intervals. The analyser had inlets at four different heights to understand the vertical movement of the gas. The analyser was operated as a part of a measurement campaign. The data was checked visually and any obvious errors introduced by instrument malfunctioning, LabVIEW inlet switching programming issues and power cuts were removed. Gaps introduced during inlet switching were filled by linear interpolation.
DOI: 10.5285/a9ae773d-b742-4d42-ae42-2b594bae5d38
title: Ensemble outputs among contemporary ecosystem service models for water supply and aboveground carbon storage in the UK following 10 different methods

description: This data set contains UK-wide maps of ten different among-model ensemble approaches for two services: above ground Carbon stock and water supply. The data for Carbon comes as fourteen TIF maps for above ground carbon storage at a 1-km2 resolution with associated world files:  ten approaches, with a double option for two of those, together with maps of variation among models and among ensembles. For water, the data comes as one shapefile with polygons per watershed, each polygon containing these fourteen estimates. For all maps, 600dpi jpg depictions are added to the supporting information. Directory location independent layer files are included to aid scaling and providing the colour palettes.

Ensemble output maps were calculated with different approaches following the supporting documentation and associated publication. Uncertainty estimates for these services are included as variation among contributing model outputs and among the employed ensemble approaches.

The work was completed under the ‘EnsemblES - Using ensemble techniques to capture the accuracy and sensitivity of ecosystem service models’ project (NE/T00391X/1) funded by the UKRI Landscape Decisions programme.
description: The ensembles, their approach methodology, and their validations are currently under review in Ecosystem Services as Hooftman et al. (2022): Weighted Ensembles Reduce Uncertainty in Ecosystem Service Modelling. Relevant Matlab and Python codes can be found at  github.com/EnsemblesTypes.

Among model ensembles for above ground standing carbon are provided as 1-km2 gridcells; Water supply ensembles are provided per catchment polygons associated to the 519 selected National River Flow Archive gauging stations in this study. 

Model data included outputs from among others: InVest, ARIES, WaterWorld, LUCI, LPJ-GUESS, TEEB, Scholes, Aqueduct, Grid-to-Grid, and DECIPHeR. These data sets are not provided here, but a full list with links to these data sets or software, where applicable, can be found in the supporting documentation. Note that license restrictions could apply. Ensembles approaches include: unweighted (mean and median) approaches, weighted averaging with weights determined following multiple methods (deterministic and iterative), attribute weighted averaging, and trained approaches. Uncertainty is presented by the Standard Error of Mean among contributing model outputs and among ensemble approaches, calculated as the standard deviation corrected with the amount of contributing models/ensembles per cell.

Prior to ensemble calculations: all individual model outputs have been normalised against the lower 2.5% and upper 97.5% percentile. Afterwards, the resulting Ensembles have been identically re-normalised to ensure a 0-1 scale. For all details about the individual model approaches, their synchronisation, ensemble algorithms and their validation we refer to the supporting documentation and associated publication.
DOI: 10.5285/cb8840f2-c630-4a86-9bba-d0e070d56f04
title: Spatial mapping of surficial soil organic carbon storage and stocks across Great British saltmarshes

description: The geospatial dataset maps organic carbon (OC) storage (kg OC m-2) and OC stocks (tonnes OC) of surficial soils across 438 Great British saltmarshes. The OC density for the surficial soils (top 10 cm) is mapped across 451.65 km2 of saltmarshes, identified from current saltmarsh maps of Great Britain’s three constituent countries; Scotland, England and Wales The spatial maps are built upon surficial (top 10 cm) soil bulk density and carbon data produced by the NERC C-Side project and Marine Scotland data combined with existing saltmarsh vegetation maps.

The work was carried out under the NERC programme - Carbon Storage in Intertidal Environment (C-SIDE), NERC grant reference NE/R010846/1.
description: OC storage (kg OC m2) were calculated for each class of saltmarsh vegetation and marsh zone found in Great Britain using the OC content (% wt.) and dry bulk density (kg m-3) for saltmarsh soils were provide by the NERC C-Side project and Marine Scotland data. This data resource contains maps OC densities across 438 Great British saltmarshes. The mean OC storage of each NVC class/marsh zone was combined with the saltmarsh mapping of English, Scottish and Welsh saltmarshes to produce a bespoke GIS layers mapping the OC storage across Great British saltmarsh soils to a depth of 10 cm. Results were exported as shapefiles (.shp) for ingestion into the EIDC.