DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2sc
title: Data from: Flower clades and fruit clades: Trade-offs in color diversification across angiosperms

description: Flowers and fruits are two major phases of plant reproduction that often
 use colorful signals to attract animal mutualists. Fruits develop from the
 ovaries of flowers, and both organs use the same suites of pigments to
 create color. Due to these developmental links and functional
 similarities, we sought to test for correlations in flower and fruit color
 lability across clades. We selected 51 clades (2960 species) of
 animal-pollinated and animal-dispersed (i.e., fleshy-fruited) plants and
 scored flower and fruit color into eight discrete (human-perceived)
 categories for the same set of species in each clade. We used stochastic
 character mapping to estimate the number and rates of transitions among
 colors in flowers and fruits. We demonstrate a negative correlation in the
 number of transitions in flower and fruit color across clades (R2 = 0.41;
 p &lt; 0.001). Among animal-pollinated and animal-dispersed clades,
 67% are “fruit clades” biased towards fruit color lability, while 29% are
 “flower clades” biased towards flower color lability. Furthermore, clades
 with yellow- or orange-flowered species also tend to have those colors in
 their fruits, and red flowers are more common in “flower clades” and brown
 fruits in “fruit clades”. These patterns suggest that clades specialize on
 one phase of reproduction or the other. Possible explanations include
 constraints on energetic investment into either pollination or dispersal;
 environmental factors that select for color diversification in one organ
 but not the other; or constraints imposed by the underlying structure of
 pigment pathways.
description: # Data from: Flower clades and fruit clades: Trade-offs in color
 diversification across angiosperms Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2sc](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2sc) ##
 Description of the data and file structure We collected data on flower and
 fruit color (methods described in the main manuscript) across 51 clades of
 angiosperms in order to investigate 1) differential color distributions
 across clades, 2) whether flower and fruit color lability are negatively
 correlated across clades, and 3) whether transitions rates differ between
 flowers and fruits. ### Files and variables #### File: trees.zip
 **Description:** A zip file containing 51 phylogenies for the studied
 clades. #### File: final_dataset.csv **Description:** A .csv file
 containing data on each species, which clade it belongs to, and its flower
 and fruit color. ##### Variables * clade: clade name, which may include
 species from multiple genera if the focal genus was not non-monophyletic *
 species: genus_species * flower_color: one of eight categories
 (black/dark, blue/purple, green, orange, pink, red, white, yellow) *
 fruit_color: one of eight categories (black, blue/purple, brown, green,
 orange, red, yellow, white) ## Access information Other publicly
 accessible locations of the data: * n/a Data was derived from the
 following sources: * Fruit color data from partly derived from
 Sinnott-Armstrong et al (2018), supplemented with additional data from
 images/descriptions; flower color data was derived from images/herbarium
 labels. * Sinnott-Armstrong, M.A., Downie, A.E., Federman, S., Valido, A.,
 Jordano, P., and Donoghue, M.J. (2018) Global geographic patterns in the
 colors and sizes of animal-dispersed fruits. *Global Ecology &
 Biogeography* 27:1339-1351.