cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4587127.v2
title: Ubiquitin ligase SYVN1/HRD1 facilitates degradation of the SERPINA1 Z variant/α-1-antitrypsin Z variant via SQSTM1/p62-dependent selective autophagy

description: SERPINA1/AAT/α-1-antitrypsin (serpin family A member 1) deficiency (SERPINA1/ AAT-D) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the retention of misfolded SERPINA1/AAT in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes and a significant reduction of serum SERPINA1/AAT level. The Z variant of SERPINA1/AAT, containing a Glu342Lys (E342K) mutation (SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ), the most common form of SERPINA1/AAT-D, is prone to misfolding and polymerization, which retains it in the ER of hepatocytes and leads to liver injury. Both proteasome and macroautophagy/autophagy pathways are responsible for disposal of SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ after it accumulates in the ER. However, the mechanisms by which SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ is selectively degraded by autophagy remain unknown. Here, we showed that ER membrane-spanning ubiquitin ligase (E3) SYVN1/HRD1 enhances the degradation of SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. We found that SYVN1 promoted SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ, especially Triton X 100-insoluble SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ clearance. However, the effect of SYVN1 in SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ clearance was impaired after autophagy inhibition, as well as in autophagy-related 5 (<i>atg5)</i> knockout cells. On the contrary, autophagy induction enhanced SYVN1-mediated SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ degradation. Further study showed that SYVN1 mediated SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ ubiquitination, which is required for autophagic degradation of SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ by promoting the interaction between SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ and SQSTM1/p62 for formation of the autophagy complex. Interestingly, SYVN1-mediated lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitin chains that conjugated onto SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ might predominantly bind to the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of SQSTM1 and couple the ubiquitinated SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ to the lysosome for degradation. In addition, autophagy inhibition attenuated the suppressive effect of SYVN1 on SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ cytotoxicity, and the autophagy inducer rapamycin enhanced the suppressive effect of SYVN1 on SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ-induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study proved that SYVN1 enhances SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ degradation through SQSTM1-dependent autophagy and attenuates SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ cytotoxicity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4587127.v1
title: Ubiquitin ligase SYVN1/HRD1 facilitates degradation of the SERPINA1 Z variant/alpha-1-antitrypsin Z variant via SQSTM1/p62-dependent selective autophagy

description: SERPINA1/AAT/alpha-1-antitrypsin (serpin family A member 1) deficiency (SERPINA1/ AAT-D) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the retention of misfolded SERPINA1/AAT in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes and a significant reduction of serum SERPINA1/AAT level. The Z variant of SERPINA1/AAT, containing a Glu342Lys (E342K) mutation (SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ), the most common form of SERPINA1/AAT-D, is prone to misfolding and polymerization, which retains it in the ER of hepatocytes and leads to liver injury. Both proteasome and macroautophagy/autophagy pathways are responsible for disposal of SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ after it accumulates in the ER. However, the mechanisms by which SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ is selectively degraded by autophagy remain unknown. Here, we showed that ER membrane-spanning ubiquitin ligase (E3) SYVN1/HRD1 enhances the degradation of SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. We found that SYVN1 promoted SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ, especially Triton X 100-insoluble SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ clearance. However, the effect of SYVN1 in SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ clearance was impaired after autophagy inhibition, as well as in autophagy related 5 (<i>atg5</i>) knockout cells. On the contrary, autophagy induction enhanced SYVN1-mediated SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ degradation. Further study showed that SYVN1 mediated SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ ubiquitination, which is required for autophagic degradation of SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ by promoting the interaction between SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ and SQSTM1/p62 for formation of the autophagy complex. Interestingly, SYVN1-mediated lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitin chains that conjugated onto SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ might predominantly bind to the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of SQSTM1 and couple the ubiquitinated SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ to the lysosome for degradation. In addition, autophagy inhibition attenuated the suppressive effect of SYVN1 on SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ cytotoxicity, and the autophagy inducer rapamycin enhanced the suppressive effect of SYVN1 on SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ-induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study proved that SYVN1 enhances SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ degradation through SQSTM1-dependent autophagy and attenuates SERPINA1<sup>E342K</sup>/ATZ cytotoxicity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4591828
title: Early-life stress links 5-hydroxymethylcytosine to anxiety-related behaviors

description: Environmental stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety. While even acute stress alters gene expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a novel environmentally sensitive DNA modification that is highly enriched in the brain and is associated with active transcription of neuronal genes. Here we examined behavioral and molecular alterations in adult mice that experienced an early-life stress before weaning (postnatal day 12 to 18) and found anxiety-like behaviors in adult female mice that were accompanied by correlated disruptions of hypothalamic 5hmC and gene expression in 118 genes, revealing potentially functional 5hmC (i.e., gene regulation). These genes are known and potentially novel stress-related targets, including <i>Nr3c2, Nrxn1, Nfia</i>, and <i>Clip1</i>, that have a significant enrichment for neuronal ontological functions, such as neuronal development and differentiation. Sequence motif predictions indicated that 5hmC may regulate gene expression by mediating transcription factor binding and alternative splicing of many of these transcripts. Together, these findings represent a critical step toward understanding the effects of early environment on the neuromolecular mechanisms that underlie the risk to develop anxiety disorders.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4591828.v1
title: Early-life stress links 5-hydroxymethylcytosine to anxiety-related behaviors

description: Environmental stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety. While even acute stress alters gene expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a novel environmentally sensitive DNA modification that is highly enriched in the brain and is associated with active transcription of neuronal genes. Here we examined behavioral and molecular alterations in adult mice that experienced an early-life stress before weaning (postnatal day 12 to 18) and found anxiety-like behaviors in adult female mice that were accompanied by correlated disruptions of hypothalamic 5hmC and gene expression in 118 genes, revealing potentially functional 5hmC (i.e., gene regulation). These genes are known and potentially novel stress-related targets, including <i>Nr3c2, Nrxn1, Nfia</i>, and <i>Clip1</i>, that have a significant enrichment for neuronal ontological functions, such as neuronal development and differentiation. Sequence motif predictions indicated that 5hmC may regulate gene expression by mediating transcription factor binding and alternative splicing of many of these transcripts. Together, these findings represent a critical step toward understanding the effects of early environment on the neuromolecular mechanisms that underlie the risk to develop anxiety disorders.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4595452
title: Evaluation of future trends of scientific research

description: The rising trend of scientific researches have led more people to pay their attention towards scientific researches, but simply the word "scientific research" does not explain the whole nature of itself, like any other things in reality, it is divided into many realms. The various fields of scientific research have already been discussed by many scholarly articles and have been evaluated by previous census and researches. However, the ultimate question remains unanswered, namely, what is the most popular field of scientific research and which one will become the focus in the future. Although the number of specific fields that can be derived is too vast to be counted, numerous major fields can be identified to categorize the various fields, such as astronomy, engineering, computer science, medicine, biology and chemistry. Several main factors are related to the popularity, such as the number of articles relating to respective fields, number of posts on social media and the number of views on professional sites. A program was developed to analyze the relationship between the subjects for scientific research and the future trend of them based on the number of mentions for each field of research, scholarly articles and quotations about them. The program uses the data from Altmetric data, an authoritative data source. SAS is used to analyze the data and put the data on several graphs that represent the value for each factor. Finally, suggestions for future scientific researches can be summarized and inferred from the result of this research, which is aimed to provide enlightenment for future research directions.<br>Fig 1 - The functions used in this research.Fig 2 - The main Python program used in this research.Fig 3 - The structure of output.Fig 4 - Factor 1: Number of articles relating to each field.Fig 5 - Factor 2: Number of views on Mendeley, Connotea, and Citeulike.Fig 6 - Factor 3: Number of posts on Facebook and Twitter.Fig 7 - The correlation between individual factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4595452.v1
title: Evaluation of future trends of scientific research

description: The rising trend of scientific researches have led more people to pay their attention towards scientific researches, but simply the word "scientific research" does not explain the whole nature of itself, like any other things in reality, it is divided into many realms. The various fields of scientific research have already been discussed by many scholarly articles and have been evaluated by previous census and researches. However, the ultimate question remains unanswered, namely, what is the most popular field of scientific research and which one will become the focus in the future. Although the number of specific fields that can be derived is too vast to be counted, numerous major fields can be identified to categorize the various fields, such as astronomy, engineering, computer science, medicine, biology and chemistry. Several main factors are related to the popularity, such as the number of articles relating to respective fields, number of posts on social media and the number of views on professional sites. A program was developed to analyze the relationship between the subjects for scientific research and the future trend of them based on the number of mentions for each field of research, scholarly articles and quotations about them. The program uses the data from Altmetric data, an authoritative data source. SAS is used to analyze the data and put the data on several graphs that represent the value for each factor. Finally, suggestions for future scientific researches can be summarized and inferred from the result of this research, which is aimed to provide enlightenment for future research directions.<br>Fig 1 - The functions used in this research.Fig 2 - The main Python program used in this research.Fig 3 - The structure of output.Fig 4 - Factor 1: Number of articles relating to each field.Fig 5 - Factor 2: Number of views on Mendeley, Connotea, and Citeulike.Fig 6 - Factor 3: Number of posts on Facebook and Twitter.Fig 7 - The correlation between individual factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4602247
title: Autumn NDVI contributes more and more to vegetation improvement in the growing season across the Tibetan Plateau

description: Detecting changes in vegetation, distinguishing the persistence of changes, and seeking their causes during multiple periods are important to gaining a deeper understanding of vegetation dynamics. Using the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) version NDVI<sub>3g</sub> dataset in the Tibetan Plateau, the trends in the seasonal components of NDVI and their linkage with climatic factors were analyzed over 14 asymptotic periods of 18–31 years since 1982. Dynamic trends in vegetation experienced an obvious increase at regional scale, but the increases of vegetation activity mostly tended to stall or slow down as the studied time period was extended. At pixel scale, areas with significant browning significantly expanded over 14 periods for all seasons, but for significant greening significantly increased only in autumn. The changes of vegetation activity in spring were the most drastic among three seasons. Increased increments of NDVI in summer, spring, and autumn took turns being the main reason for the enhanced vegetation activity in the growing season in the nested 14 periods. Vegetation activity was mainly regulated by a thermal factor, and the dominant climatic drivers of vegetation growth varied across different seasons and regions. We speculate that the increase of NDVI will continue but the increments will decline in all seasons except autumn.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4602247.v1
title: Autumn NDVI contributes more and more to vegetation improvement in the growing season across the Tibetan Plateau

description: Detecting changes in vegetation, distinguishing the persistence of changes, and seeking their causes during multiple periods are important to gaining a deeper understanding of vegetation dynamics. Using the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) version NDVI<sub>3g</sub> dataset in the Tibetan Plateau, the trends in the seasonal components of NDVI and their linkage with climatic factors were analyzed over 14 asymptotic periods of 18–31 years since 1982. Dynamic trends in vegetation experienced an obvious increase at regional scale, but the increases of vegetation activity mostly tended to stall or slow down as the studied time period was extended. At pixel scale, areas with significant browning significantly expanded over 14 periods for all seasons, but for significant greening significantly increased only in autumn. The changes of vegetation activity in spring were the most drastic among three seasons. Increased increments of NDVI in summer, spring, and autumn took turns being the main reason for the enhanced vegetation activity in the growing season in the nested 14 periods. Vegetation activity was mainly regulated by a thermal factor, and the dominant climatic drivers of vegetation growth varied across different seasons and regions. We speculate that the increase of NDVI will continue but the increments will decline in all seasons except autumn.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4608670
title: Nebulized anionic guanidinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan/N-2-hydroxypropyltimehyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA pulmonary delivery: preparation, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation

description: This study developed a pH-sensitive anionic system composed of guanidinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan (GOCMCS) and N-2-hydroxypropyltimehyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) for efficient siRNA delivery to the lungs following nebulization. About 16.8% of guanidine groups were incorporated into O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) with the aid of O-methylisourea. Gel electrophoresis images demonstrated that siRNA was successfully encapsulated in nanoparticles ranging from 150 to 180 nm with zeta potential of about −17 mV. The nanoparticles containing GOCMCS existed superior transfection performance compared with their amino-based analogs. The evaluation <i>in vitro</i> revealed that nanoparticles were internalized into A549 cells by energy-dependent endocytosis, then achieved endosomal escape by direct transmembrane penetration of guanidine moieties as well as swelling behavior of nanoparticles due to the pH sensitivity of GOCMCS. The mRNA level of survivin gene was down-regulated to 6.9% using GOCMCS/N-2-HACC/siSurvivin NPs. The survivin siRNA mediated by nanoparticles caused 30% of cell growth inhibition and induced 19.45% of cell apoptosis, which was comparable to Lipofectamin2000. After nebulization of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles, the stability of siRNA was maintained and fine particle fractions were detected by two-stage impinger that accounted for more than 60%. These results suggested that GOCMCS/N-2-HACC nanoparticles possessed potential as safe and efficient carrier for siRNA pulmonary delivery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4608670.v1
title: Nebulized anionic guanidinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan/N-2-hydroxypropyltimehyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA pulmonary delivery: preparation, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation

description: This study developed a pH-sensitive anionic system composed of guanidinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan (GOCMCS) and N-2-hydroxypropyltimehyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) for efficient siRNA delivery to the lungs following nebulization. About 16.8% of guanidine groups were incorporated into O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) with the aid of O-methylisourea. Gel electrophoresis images demonstrated that siRNA was successfully encapsulated in nanoparticles ranging from 150 to 180 nm with zeta potential of about −17 mV. The nanoparticles containing GOCMCS existed superior transfection performance compared with their amino-based analogs. The evaluation <i>in vitro</i> revealed that nanoparticles were internalized into A549 cells by energy-dependent endocytosis, then achieved endosomal escape by direct transmembrane penetration of guanidine moieties as well as swelling behavior of nanoparticles due to the pH sensitivity of GOCMCS. The mRNA level of survivin gene was down-regulated to 6.9% using GOCMCS/N-2-HACC/siSurvivin NPs. The survivin siRNA mediated by nanoparticles caused 30% of cell growth inhibition and induced 19.45% of cell apoptosis, which was comparable to Lipofectamin2000. After nebulization of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles, the stability of siRNA was maintained and fine particle fractions were detected by two-stage impinger that accounted for more than 60%. These results suggested that GOCMCS/N-2-HACC nanoparticles possessed potential as safe and efficient carrier for siRNA pulmonary delivery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4609468
title: Rural banking in China: a case of centralization?

description: Four types of banking institutions responded differently to the drive to centralize Chinese rural banking operations. In 2009 city commercial and market-oriented banks had a higher density of outlets in economically developed than in less developed counties, as expected, while rural banking institutions had an unexpectedly higher density in non-agricultural than in agriculture-based counties. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the wholly state-owned and policy-oriented Agricultural Development Bank of China has invested in business-oriented activities in non-agricultural counties. These banking sector developments could have long-term policy implications for rural development in China.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4609468.v1
title: Rural banking in China: a case of centralization?

description: Four types of banking institutions responded differently to the drive to centralize Chinese rural banking operations. In 2009 city commercial and market-oriented banks had a higher density of outlets in economically developed than in less developed counties, as expected, while rural banking institutions had an unexpectedly higher density in non-agricultural than in agriculture-based counties. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the wholly state-owned and policy-oriented Agricultural Development Bank of China has invested in business-oriented activities in non-agricultural counties. These banking sector developments could have long-term policy implications for rural development in China.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4616188
title: The Equivalence and Difference between the English and Chinese Language Versions of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Chinese is the most commonly spoken language in the world. The availability of Chinese translations of assessment scales is useful for research in multi-ethnic and multinational studies. This study aimed to establish whether each of the Chinese translations (Mandarin, Hokkien, Teochew, and Cantonese) of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) achieved measurement equivalence to the English version. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Participants included 1856 ethnic Chinese, older adults. The RBANS was administered in the language/dialect according to the participants’ preference by interviewers who were fluent in that language/dialect. Multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for demographic and clinical differences between participants who spoke different languages/dialects. Equivalence (practical equivalence) was declared if the 90% confidence interval for the adjusted mean difference fell entirely within the pre-specified equivalence margin, ±.2 (±.4) standard deviations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The delayed memory index was at least practically equivalent across languages. The Mandarin, Hokkien, and Teochew versions of the immediate memory, language, and total scale score were practically equivalent to the English version; the Cantonese version showed small differences from the English version. Equivalence was not established for the Hokkien and Teochew versions of the visuospatial/constructional index. The attention index was different across languages. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Data from the English and Chinese versions for the total scale score, language, delayed, and immediate memory indexes may be pooled for analysis. However, analysis of the attention and visuospatial/constructional indexes from the English and Chinese versions should include a covariate that represents the version in the statistical adjustment.