DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs94
title: Juvenile hormone regulates the maturation of sexually dimorphic naïve ethanol olfactory preference in Drosophila melanogaster

description: We have identified a sexually dimorphic behavior in adult Drosophila
 melanogaster that varies depending on age, sex, and mating status. Our
 results suggest that the rewarding neuropeptide Corazonin (Crz), the
 transcription factor Apontic, and juvenile hormone (JH) signaling regulate
 naïve ethanol olfactory preference (NEOP) responses during early stages of
 adulthood. Pharmacological blockade of JH via precocene increases NEOP in
 females and males, which is phenocopied by the knockdown of JH receptors
 Met and Gce globally in the nervous system, as well as specifically in the
 mushroom body. This suggests a novel role of JH in dimorphic ethanol
 behaviors. Mating decreases NEOP in males, likely acting through rewarding
 pathways such as Neuropeptide F (NPF) and Crz. Our study suggests an early
 evolutionary emergence of hormonal mechanisms regulating ethanol-dependent
 behaviors, as Crz and JH share similarities with the vertebrate
 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyroid hormones, respectively.
 The results described here pave the way for future studies to further
 investigate the mechanisms by which a non-reproductive, yet sexually
 dimorphic behavior matures using Drosophila as a model. The key molecular
 players identified to regulate this dimorphic behavior are conserved among
 species, advancing our fundamental understanding of sexual dimorphism and
 brain maturation in numerous species.
description: # Juvenile hormone regulates the maturation of sexually dimorphic naïve
 ethanol olfactory preference in Drosophila melanogaster The dataset
 consists of the following files: genotypeNEOPdata.csv, NEOP.PREC.csv, and
 NEOPdatafig1no1.csv contain data collected from each T-maze trial of ~10
 flies. Each fly had the option to choose the ethanol chamber, the control
 chamber, or neither (staying in the starting chamber). These data were
 tallied as Experimental Stimulus, Control Stimulus, and No response,
 respectively. "Batch" refers to the specific maze being
 recorded, but was nested within the date for analysis. Each file has
 different column headers to denote the manipulation being used for the
 specific experiment. For example, genotypeNEOPdata.csv only with the inins
 genotype, while NEOP.PREC.csv also contains "Prec," which is the
 precocene concentration that animals were treated within that trial.
 **Variable Key**: * Batch: An ID number for each test - Date: The date on
 which that test was run * Genotype: The genotype of all flies in the test
 - Sex: The sex of all the flies used in the test * MS: The mating status
 (MS) of all the flies used in the test - Experimental Stimulus: The number
 of flies counted on the side of the maze that contained the ethanol
 solution after the test was complete * Control Stimulus: The number of
 flies counted on the side of the maze that contained the control solution
 after the test was complete - No response: The number of flies that did
 not leave the starting chamber during the test *
 glmm_model_summaries_highlighted_p_value.xlsx contains the output for the
 generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) used to make statements about,
 significantDryadcts of our predictor variables denoted above. An R script
 was used to output these data, titled glmmfigure2.R, within the Dryad
 repository, with minor differences depending on the dataset. The output is
 structured like so: figure 2A &lt;----denotes the figure that this model
 was used for   Metric Value 1 AIC 1307.93169 &lt;-- Akaike Information
 Criterion value used to compare the quality of generated models 2 BIC
 1356.549 &lt;-- Bayesian Information Criterion value also used to compare
 the quality of generated models. 3 Log-Likelihood -640.965846 &lt;-----log
 of the likelihood function at its maximum, used to compare the quality of
 generated models. 4 Deviance 187.840944 &lt;---related to log-likelihood 5
 Residual DF 311 &lt;----related to log-likelihood Group Name Variance
 StdDev: Batch (Intercept) 0.83863226 0.91576867 &lt;---measures of the
 random deviation effect impact on the dataset. The variance is the
 estimated variance of the random effect, with "StdDev" being the
 standard of this variance. Term Estimate StdError Zvalue Pvalue:
 (Intercept) -0.42535232 0.22069759 -1.92730843 0.053941204 &lt;----the
 statistics of the reference level (always the mated reference genotype).
 The Estimate is the model's estimated effect size for this term on
 the log-odds scale, along with its StdError, which is the standard error
 of that estimate. The Z value is calculated as such: Estimate/StdError.
 The P value is the probability of observing this effect if the true effect
 were an estimate of 0. The maximum and minimum P values are highlighted in
 yellow. GenotypeNPF1 &lt;-----example group for statistics involving
 genotypic manipulations of the reference mating status (mated).
 Essentially, a pairwise comparison between the background genotype and the
 experimental genotype. The P value here denotes the probability of
 observing this estimate if the true effect was that of the reference
 level. MSVirgin &lt;----- statistics denoting the difference between the
 mating statuses in the background genotype. Genotype774_167/+:MSVirgin
 &lt;------interaction statistics, which denote how the two predictor
 variables can have effects that depend on each other. Key: (Intercept)
 refers to the reference group, which is always the mated genetic
 background. MSVirgin: MS is the abbreviation used for "Mating
 Status," which can be mated or virgin. MSVirgin is the virgin group
 and is listed when the effect of mating status is being assessed. Batch:
 refers to the specific maze number, which is nested within
 "date," used as a random effect GenotypeX: Genotype effect being
 assessed in the model, where X is the genotype