DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9gc21
title: Data from: Patterns and controlling factors of species diversity in the Arctic Ocean

description: AIM: The Arctic Ocean is one of the last near-pristine regions on Earth
 and although human activities are expected to impact on Arctic ecosystems,
 we know very little about baseline patterns of Arctic Ocean biodiversity.
 This paper aims to describe Arctic Ocean-wide patterns of benthic
 biodiversity and to explore factors related to the large-scale species
 diversity patterns. LOCATION: Arctic Ocean. METHODS: We used large
 ostracode and foraminiferal datasets to describe the biodiversity patterns
 and apply comprehensive ecological modelling to test the degree to which
 these patterns are potentially governed by environmental factors,
 including temperature, productivity, seasonality, ice cover, and others.
 To test environmental control of the observed diversity patterns, subsets
 of samples for which all environmental parameters were available were
 analysed with multiple regression and model averaging. RESULTS: Well-known
 negative latitudinal species diversity gradients (LSDGs) were found in
 metazoan Ostracoda, but the LSDGs were unimodal with an intermediate
 maximum with respect to latitude in protozoan foraminifera. Depth species
 diversity gradients were unimodal, with peaks in diversity shallower than
 those in other oceans. Our modelling results showed that several factors
 are significant predictors of diversity, but the significant predictors
 were different among shallow marine ostracodes, deep-sea ostracode, and
 deep-sea foraminifera. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these Arctic
 Ocean-wide comprehensive datasets, we document large-scale diversity
 patterns with respect to latitude and depth. Our modelling results suggest
 that the underlying mechanisms causing these species diversity patterns
 are unexpectedly complex. The environmental parameters of temperature,
 surface productivity, seasonality of productivity, salinity, and ice cover
 are not necessarily mutually exclusive as controlling factors of
 large-scale diversity patterns, depending on ecological preferences of
 taxa and oceanographic characteristics of regions. These results suggest
 that a multiplicity of variables appears to be related to community
 structure in this system.
description: Whole ostracod diversity
 dataset used for Fig. 1Whole ostracod diversity
 dataset used for Fig. 1. DP: water depth (m), LAT: latitude, LON:
 longitude, SR: species richness, E100: species richness rarefied to 100
 individuals.OstraAll100specData.txtWhole foraminiferal diversity dataset used for Fig. 1Whole foraminiferal diversity dataset used for Fig. 1. DP: water depth (m), LAT: latitude, LON: longitude, SR: species richness.ForamAllData.txtDeep-sea foraminiferal dataset used for the statistical modelingDeep-sea foraminiferal dataset used for the statistical modeling. SR: species richness, MDS 1: multidimensional scaling first axis, MDS 2: multidimensional scaling second axis, DP: water depth (m), RC: region code, BT: bottom water temperature, SA: salinity, SP: seasonality of productivity, IC: number of ice-free days per year, P: POC flux, DCA 1: detrended correspondence analysis first axis, DCA 2: detrended correspondence analysis second axis, LAT: latitude, LON: longitude.ForamMRegD400JB.txtDeep-sea ostracod dataset used for the statistical modeling.Deep-sea ostracod dataset used for the statistical modeling. E100: species richness rarefied to 100 individuals, SR: species richness, MDS 1: multidimensional scaling first axis, MDS 2: multidimensional scaling second axis, DP: water depth (m), RC: region code, BT: bottom water temperature, SA: salinity, SP: seasonality of productivity, IC: number of ice-free days per year, P: POC flux, DCA 1: detrended correspondence analysis first axis, DCA 2: detrended correspondence analysis second axis, LAT: latitude, LON: longitude.OstraMRegD400JB.txtShallow-marine ostracod dataset used for the statistical modelingShallow-marine ostracod dataset used for the statistical modeling. E100: species richness rarefied to 100 individuals, SR: species richness, MDS 1: multidimensional scaling first axis, MDS 2: multidimensional scaling second axis, DP: water depth (m), RC: region code, BT: bottom water temperature, SA: salinity, SP: seasonality of productivity, IC: number of ice-free days per year, P: surface productivity, DCA 1: detrended correspondence analysis first axis, DCA 2: detrended correspondence analysis second axis, LAT: latitude, LON: longitude.OstraMRegS400JB.txt