DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jx8b
title: Data from: Macroevolution of body extremities reveals an integrated phenotypic response of coloration and morphology to temperature in a large clade of Neotropical passerines (Furnariida)

description: Endotherms show smaller extremities (Allen’s rule) and larger body sizes
 (Bergmann’s rule) in colder climates, thereby reducing heat loss.
 Coloration can also be important in thermoregulation, as darker coloration
 absorbs more radiant energy than lighter coloration (Bogert’s rule or
 thermal melanism hypothesis). Extremities lacking or bearing thinner
 covers of feathers or fur —such as ears, legs and bills— can be important
 thermal windows to exchange heat. Yet, no study to date has simultaneously
 investigated the coloration and morphology of body extremities in relation
 to temperature. In 566 species of Furnariida (Neotropical ovenbirds and
 allies), we tested with phylogenetic comparative methods whether body
 extremity coloration, morphology and plumage coloration jointly respond to
 temperature. We predicted that, in colder climates, bills and tarsi would
 be darker and smaller as well as associated with darker plumage and larger
 body sizes. Consistent with this prediction, we found that bills are
 darker, smaller and are associated with darker plumage and larger body
 sizes in colder climates. Tarsi are darker and associated with darker
 plumage and larger body sizes in colder climates, but tarsus coloration is
 not associated with tarsus length, which, contrary to predictions of
 Allen’s rule, was longer in colder climates. Using phylogenetic path
 analyses, we found that climate affects body extremity coloration both
 directly and indirectly through its effects on habitat type, plumage
 coloration and morphology. Our study suggests that temperature promotes an
 integrated phenotypic response of coloration and morphology across body
 extremities, plumage and body size.
description: Coloration of bills, tarsi and plumage was extracted from
 illustrations of species of Furnariida (Neotropical ovenbirds, antbirds
 and allies) available at the Birds of the World (https://birdsoftheworld.org/) using the Color Histogram plugin (Prodanov et al., 2010) in ImageJ–Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012). Additionally, plumage color data for comparison with colors taken from illustrations was obtained from museum specimens. Data on phylogenetic relationships of species, climate, habitat type and morphological traits was obtained from published literature (Harvey et al., 2020; Tobias et al., 2022). References Harvey, M.G., Bravo, G. A., Claramunt, S., Cuervo, A. M., Derryberry, G., Battilana, J., Seeholzer, G. F., Shearer, McKay J., O’Meara, B. C., Faircloth, B.C., Edwards, S.V., Pérez-Emán, J., Moyle, R. G., Sheldon, F. H., Aleixo, A., Smith, B. T., Chesser, R. T., Silveira, L.F., Cracraft, J., Brumfield, R. T., and Derryberry, E. P. (2020). The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Science, 370:1343–1348. Prodanov, D., Roussel, S., Trekker, J., Dresselaers, T., and Himmelreich, U. (2010). ImageJ in biomedical imaging applications, in A. Jahnen and C. Moll (eds), Proceedings of the 3rd ImageJ User and Developer Conference, pp. 20 – 27. Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., … Cardona, A. (2012). Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nature Methods, 9:676–682. Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters, 25:581-597.
description: # Macroevolution of body extremities reveals an integrated phenotypic
 response of coloration and morphology to temperature in a large clade of
 Neotropical passerines (Furnariida) Data and R code associated with the
 paper: "Macroevolution of body extremities reveals an integrated
 phenotypic response of coloration and morphology to temperature in a large
 clade of Neotropical passerines (Furnariida)" Published in the
 journal Ornithology by Gabriel Macedo, Rafael S. Marcondes, Gustavo A.
 Bravo, Elizabeth Derryberry, and Cibele Biondo. Files:
 furnariida_data.xlsx Excel spreadsheet containing the data necessary to
 replicate the analyses reported in the paper. Contains a
 "Legend" sheet with a key to the meaning of each variable name.
 furnariida_extremities_colors.R R script with code to replicate the
 analyses reported in the paper. T400F_AOS_HowardMoore_sppnames.tre
 phylogenetic tree of Tyranni passerines proposed by Harvey et al., 2020
 (available at
 [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6970](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6970); [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3976115](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3976115))