cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/tx5f-dy17
title: Ground beetles sampled from pitfall traps (DP1.10022.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's ground beetle sampling and specimen processing protocols. Ground beetle abundance and diversity are sampled via pitfall trapping at regular intervals by NEON field technicians at core and relocatable sites. Following trap collection, all beetles from the family Carabidae are sorted by NEON technicians and identified to species or morphospecies. A subset of collected Carabidae are pointed or pinned, while other specimens (non-pinned/non-pointed carabids, invertebrate bycatch, and vertebrate bycatch) are stored in 95% ethanol for archiving, and may be pooled into a single archive vial per plot. Regardless of storage method, all collections data are reported at a per trap resolution. A subset of pinned ground beetles (up to 467 per site per year) are sent to an expert taxonomist for secondary identification. Identifications performed on these individuals may be used to estimate uncertainty in parataxonomist identification by NEON technicians.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

bet_archivepooling:  330

bet_expertTaxonomistIDProcessed:  600

bet_expertTaxonomistIDRaw:  600

bet_fielddata:  75

bet_parataxonomistID:  330

bet_sorting:  330
description: Ground beetles are sampled using pitfall traps (16 oz deli containers filled with 150 or 250 mL of propylene glycol). Multiple traps are deployed in each of 10 plots at each terrestrial NEON site (from 2013-2017, 40 traps per site; 2018-present, 30 traps per site), with traps arrayed approximately 20 meters from the center of the plot in one of the four cardinal directions. Sampling occurs biweekly throughout the growing season (when temperatures are above 4 degrees C).
DOI: 10.48443/5ee7-k293
title: Benthic microbe metagenome sequences (DP1.20279.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the primary field and quality-controlled laboratory metadata and minimally processed sequence data from NEON's benthic microbial shotgun metagenomics sequencing. For details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Queries for the basic data product package will return metadata tables that include field observations and measurements, laboratory methods, and results from DNA extraction, sample preparation, and sequencing for samples from the specified sites and within the specified date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files. Some of the sequence data are also publicly available and may be queried on the [Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST)](http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) server: visit [https://www.mg-rast.org/](https://www.mg-rast.org/) to search the data repository. Note that there may be lags between publication of data on the NEON data portal and availability of sequence data on the public sequence repository.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
amb_fieldParent:  60

mms_benthicMetagenomeDnaExtraction:  240

mms_benthicMetagenomeSequencing:  240

mms_benthicRawDataFiles: 240
description: Benthic metagenomics samples are collected once per year in wadeable streams during the approximate period of peak productivity (the ‘Summer’ or ‘Bout 2’ sampling bout). Sampling takes place at the same time and location as periphyton (microalgae) sampling. Samples are collected using field-sterile methods using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, sediment grab samples, and epiphyton on aquatic plants. Periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). Cobble scrubs are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. Grab samples of sediment (silt, sand) or plant material/epiphyton are collected when appropriate and flash frozen in the field. Frozen samples are shipped to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and shotgun metagenome sequencing. Laboratory data are then delivered to NEON, where they undergo QC testing and are published on the NEON Data Portal.
DOI: 10.48443/xnbn-rw33
title: Soil microbe biomass (DP1.10104.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for microbial biomass derived from soil microbial sampling. Microbial biomass is measured by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, in which a set of microbial lipid biomarkers is extracted and quantified using either Gas Chromatography (GC) or Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GS-MS).  The results are provided as the quantities of individual microbial lipids as well as the total of all measured phospholipids within a sample. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

sme_batchResults:  14

sme_labSummary:  14

sme_microbialBiomass:  240
description: Soil sampling occurs annually at a minimum of one site per domain and once (sites with short growing seasons) to three times per year (sites with longer growing seasons), with collections occurring at every sampled site during the historic peak in vegetation greenness. Three pre-determined, randomly assigned locations are selected for each sampling event within each of 10 plots distributed throughout a site; sampling locations within a plot are not re-sampled. Soil samples are collected to a maximum depth of 30 cm, with organic and mineral soils sampled separately. The same samples are used for measurement of soil physical and chemical properties to maintain temporal and spatial connectivity. Subsamples of homogenized soil are either sieved (mineral soils), or picked of coarse debris such as rocks, roots and organic material (organic soils) and 5-10g are transferred to cryo-safe vials. The samples are frozen and shipped on dry ice to an analytical facility, where freeze-drying, PLFA extraction and GC analysis is performed. Laboratory data are passed through the NEON automated ingest process, undergo additional QAQC testing, and quality-checked data are published on the NEON data portal.
DOI: 10.48443/3r52-c030
title: Zooplankton metabarcoding (DP1.20221.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data and metadata from NEON's aquatic zooplankton metabarcoding sampling protocol, as well as associated metadata provided by a contracted lab. Field samples are collected in the water column of lakes using the most appropriate sampler (vertical tow net or Schindler trap) for the depth of water at the same time and location as morphological taxonomy samples, preserved in ethanol in the field, and shipped to a contracting lab for processing and sequencing. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Queries for this data product return a downloadable data package with laboratory methods and DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing metadata for samples from the queried sites and date range. Queries for the expanded package will also include a table containing links to the raw sequence data files. Some of the sequence data are also publicly available on the [Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST)](http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) server.  There may be lags between publication of metadata on the NEON data portal and availability of sequence data on the public sequence repository. 

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

zoo_fieldData:  30

zoo_dnaExtraction:  240

zoo_markerGeneSequencing:  240

zoo_pcrAmplification:  240

zoo_dnaRawDataFiles:  240

zoo_metabarcodeTaxonomy:  240

inv_metabarcodeTaxonList:  240

inv_metabarcodeSummary:  240

inv_dnaExtractionStandard:  240

inv_markerGeneSequencingStandard:  240

inv_pcrAmplificationStandard:  240

inv_dnaRawDataFilesStandard:  240
description: : Zooplankton metabarcoding samples are collected three times per year at lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Samples are collected using either a tow net (water deeper than 4 m) or a Schindler-Patalas trap (water shallower than 4 m) depending on the depth at the sampling location. Samples are collected near the NEON profiling buoy as well as the littoral sensor sets. Samples collected during the mid-summer sampling bout (Bout 2) are sent to an external facility for homogenization and high-throughput sequencing. Samples collected during the spring and fall (Bout 1 and Bout 3) are preserved in ethanol and shipped to the NEON Biorepository for archiving.
DOI: 10.48443/cv1a-5839
title: Coarse downed wood log survey (DP1.10010.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: The Coarse Downed Wood log survey data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from in-situ tallies and measurements of downed logs from each of NEON's terrestrial sites at which qualifying logs are present. Qualifying logs are tallied within each plot according to the Line Intercept Distance Sampling (LIDS) method, and additional diameter, length and decay class characteristics are measured for each tallied log. Data are reported per log per plot, and when forked logs are tallied, additional diameter data are reported for each qualifying log fork. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

cdw_fieldtally:  30
description: Coarse Downed Wood tallies are performed at least once at all sites at which logs greater than or equal to 2 cm diameter exist. Additional surveys are performed at 5 year intervals at each site if initial LIDS estimates of CDW volume are non-zero. Sampling occurs in n=20 randomly selected Distributed Plots at the site scale, and also in Tower Plots established within the airshed of the NEON Tower. Within each plot, 3 randomly oriented transects are established, and transect lengths vary dynamically by site according to F-values selected to enable tallying of 7-10 qualifying logs per plot. Tallied logs are parsed into three size categories (2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and greater than 10 cm diameter), five decay categories that are broadly matchable to existing USFS definitions, and are identified to the highest taxonomic resolution possible according to the USDA Plants database.
DOI: 10.48443/1hp4-g645
title: Photosynthetically active radiation at water surface (DP1.20042.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Photosynthetically active radiation at water surface is measured at 1 Hz at stream sensor sets and twice per minute on buoys at lake and river sites. It is reported as 1-minute mean measurements and 30-minute mean values.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: The stream sensor sets measure PAR at water surface, water level and temperature, and water quality. Downstream sensors also measure nitrate. The buoys are comprised of sensor sets which measure meteorological parameters over a water surface along with submerged sensors that measure physical and chemical parameters of the water body. Some of these sensors are unique to the buoy subsystem and others are shared with other NEON subsystems, such as the wadeable stream sensor sets or terrestrial towers. Due to power, space, and data storage constraints on the buoy, the configuration of sensors deployed on a buoy may be different than those in other parts of NEON. Instrumentation: Kipp & Zonen - PQS1
DOI: 10.48443/dtjh-q277
title: Site management and event reporting (DP1.10111.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains records of land management activities, disturbances, and other incidents of ecological note within all NEON sites. Records are reported about management activities and disturbances that have the potential to impact or affect data products across all NEON data-generating systems (TIS, TOS, AIS, AOS, and AOP) that are not collected as part of existing data product protocols. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

sim_eventData: 60
description: Site management activity and disturbance reporting occurs at the time NEON staff are aware of the planned or unplanned event, either through direct observation during normal scheduled site visits or secondary reports from landowners, site hosts, and other reliable sources. For planned events, reporting is expected to occur only after the management activity has been started. For unplanned events, data recording takes place as soon as the disturbance is observed as well as when it is safe to assess the scale and intensity of the impact.
DOI: 10.48443/jdbe-qh16
title: Aquatic plant bryophyte macroalgae clip harvest (DP1.20066.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, field sampling metadata and associated taxonomic and biomass data for aquatic plants, bryophytes, and macroalgae. Field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes, and processed at the domain support facility. Clip harvest samples are collected once per year during the mid-summer aquatic biological sampling bout.  Additional presence/absence data are collected in lakes and rivers during bouts 1 and 3 (similar to point transect data for streams). During midsummer sampling, grab samples are collected from a known area, separated by taxon in the domain lab, identified, and processed for dry mass and ash-free dry mass. Specimens that cannot be identified with certainty are dried and sent to an expert taxonomist. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
apl_biomass:  60

apl_clipHarvest:  60

apl_taxonomyProcessed:  240

apl_taxonomyRaw:  240

apc_morphospecies:  390
description: Aquatic plant, bryophyte, and macroalgae clip harvest sampling is conducted once per year at wadeable streams (during the mid-summer aquatic biology window) and three times per year in rivers and lake sites. During the first and third bouts in rivers and lakes, only presence/absence of vegetation is noted. During the mid-summer bout, samples are collected via quadrats in wadeable streams, and rake collection in lakes and rivers. Ten samples are collected per site if plants are present. In wadeable streams, clip harvest samples are collected near plant transect locations. In lakes and rivers, ten randomly selected points are sampled at depths that are colonized by plants. These samples are partitioned into samples for ash-free dry mass analyses and chemical analyses.
DOI: 10.48443/w1kw-re18
title: Wet deposition chemical analysis (DP1.00013.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's wet deposition protocol. Major ion concentrations, pH, and conductivity are measured in precipitation samples.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

wdp_chemLab:  120

wdp_collection:  30

wdp_collectionChem:  30

wdp_sensor:  30
description: Wet deposition chemistry is sampled in conjunction with stable isotope concentration in precipitation (DP1.00038.001). Samples are collected in a climate controlled wet deposition collector located at the tower top of terrestrial sites, and at the meteorologic tower of select aquatic sites. The automated assembly detects precipitation with an optical sensor and opens to collect wet deposition during all rain events. Every two weeks samples are retrieved, filtered, and sent for analysis. Instrumentation: N- Con Systems Company Wet Deposition Collector, Manufacture Model No: NEON 00-127-7
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12470162
title: Integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas

description: SARS-CoV-2, the pathogenic agent of COVID-19, employs angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as its cell entry receptor. Clinical data reveal that in severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infects the lung, leading to a frequently lethal triad of respiratory insufficiency, acute cardiovascular failure, and coagulopathy. Physiologically, ACE2 plays a role in the regulation of three systems that could potentially be involved in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19: the kinin–kallikrein system, resulting in acute lung inflammatory edema; the renin–angiotensin system, promoting cardiovascular instability; and the coagulation system, leading to thromboembolism. Here we assembled a healthy human lung cell atlas meta-analysis with ~ 130,000 public single-cell transcriptomes and show that key elements of the bradykinin, angiotensin and coagulation systems are co-expressed with <i>ACE2</i> in alveolar cells and associated with their differentiation dynamics, which could explain how changes in ACE2 promoted by SARS-CoV-2 cell entry result in the development of the three most severe clinical components of COVID-19.
DOI: 10.48443/zayg-n802
title: Soil temperature (DP1.00041.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Soil temperature is measured at various depths below the soil surface from approximately 2 cm up to 200 cm at non-permafrost sites (up to 300 cm at Alaskan sites). Soil temperature influences the rate of biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, and root and soil biota activity. In addition, soil temperature can impact the hydrologic cycle since it controls whether soil water is in a liquid or solid state. Measurements are made in vertical profiles consisting of up to nine depths in all five instrumented soil plots at each terrestrial site, and presented as 1-minute and 30-minute averages.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: When possible the soil plots were arranged in a transect with the first plot approximately 15-40 m from the tower in the expected dominant airshed. The middle of airshed was used as the transect vector and plot spacing was based on the distance required for surface soil temperature and moisture measurements to be spatially independent at the 1 hectare scale during site characterization (capped at approximately 40 m due to logistical constraints). Soil plots were microsited as necessary to avoid obstacles (e.g., boulders, streams, and paths) and more compact plot layouts were used at small sites. Soil temperature is measured at up to nine depths within each plot, with the mid-point of the shallowest sensors at approximately 2, 6, 16, and 26 cm. Depths for deeper sensors vary among sites and are based on megapit soil horizon data (NEON.DP1.00097) and depth to restrictive feature (see NEON.DOC.003146). Instrumentation: Thermometrics - Climate RTD 100-ohm Probe
DOI: 10.48443/s730-dy13
title: Breeding landbird point counts (DP1.10003.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's breeding landbird sampling. Breeding landbirds are defined as “smaller birds (usually exclusive of raptors and upland game birds) not usually associated with aquatic habitats” (Ralph et al. 1993). The breeding landbird point counts product provides records of species identification of all individuals observed during the 6-minute count period, as well as metadata which can be used to model detectability, e.g., weather, distances from observers to birds, and detection methods. The NEON point count method is adapted from the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions (IMBCR): Field protocol for spatially-balanced sampling of landbird populations (Hanni et al. 2017; http://bit.ly/2u2ChUB). For additional details, see protocol [NEON.DOC.014041](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.014041vF): TOS Protocol and Procedure: Breeding Landbird Abundance and Diversity and science design [NEON.DOC.000916](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.000916vB): TOS Science Design for Breeding Landbird Abundance and Diversity.

Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.
 
brd_countdata: 120

brd_perpoint: 120

brd_personnel: 120

brd_references: 120
description: Depending on the size of the site, sampling for this product occurs at either randomly distributed individual points or grids of nine points each. At larger sites, point count sampling occurs at five to ten 9-point grids, with grid centers collocated with distributed base plot centers (where plant, beetle, and/or soil sampling may also occur), if possible. At smaller sites (i.e., sites that cannot accommodate a minimum of 5 grids) point counts occur at the southwest corner (point 21) of 5-25 distributed base plots. Point counts are conducted once per breeding season at large sites and twice per breeding season at smaller sites. Point counts are six minutes long, with each minute tracked by the observer, following a two-minute settling-in period. All birds are recorded to species and sex, whenever possible, and the distance to each individual or flock is measured with a laser rangefinder, except in the case of flyovers.
DOI: 10.48443/51ss-fm81
title: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (DP1.00024.001)
title: RELEASE-2021

description: Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), available as one- and thirty-minute averages of 1 Hz observations. PAR represents the radiation at wavelengths between 400-700 nm (visible light), which constitutes the energy that drives photosynthesis.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: PAR observations are made by sensors located at multiple heights on the tower infrastructure. An additional downward facing sensor is located at the tower top to measure reflected PAR. A single (upward facing) sensor is located on the aquatic met station. Instrumentation: Kipp & Zonen PQS 1 PAR Quantum Sensor