cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327001.v1
title: Agronomic and economic feasibility indicators for cowpea-vegetable under green manure in a semiarid environment

description: ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted in different areas of the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, located in Lagoinha district, 20 km from Mossoró municipality (RN), in the period from June to September of the years of 2015 and 2016 with the objective of evaluating and estimating agronomic and economic feasibility indicators of cowpea-vegetable as a function of amounts of hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb.) biomass incorporated into the soil in two crops. Treatments consisted of the following amounts of hairy woodrose biomass: 20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis. The cultivar of cowpea-vegetable planted was “BRS Itaim”. The evaluated characteristics were: length of green pods, number of green pods per m2, productivity and dry mass of green pods, weight of 100 green grains, yield and dry mass of green grains. In addition, the following economic indicators were evaluated: gross income, net income, rate of return and profitability index. The optimization of the agronomic efficiency of the cowpea-vegetable was obtained in the amount of 45 t ha-1 of hairy woodrose biomass incorporated into the soil and the optimization of the agroeconomic viability of the cowpea-vegetable cultivation was reached in the quantity of hairy woodrose biomass of 37.70 t ha-1 added to the ground. The first growing crop yielded better agroeconomic efficiency of cowpea-vegetable than the second crop. The use of hairy woodrose as green manure is economically feasible and recommended to the farmer in the production of cowpea-vegetable under the evaluated conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327005.v1
title: Semi-detailed survey of soils of Ceará’s semiarid region: Lavoura Seca Experimental Farm

description: ABSTRACT The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil has more than 53 million inhabitants who depend, directly or indirectly, on the resources that the region offers. Among these resources, the soil is highlighted as one of the most important. Due to the importance attributed to the knowledge on the pedological and morphological characteristics of the soils of the Brazilian northeastern semiarid region, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the different soil classes on the Lavoura Seca Experimental Farm, in the municipality of Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil, through the traditional method of soil mapping. The selected site is located in the municipality of Quixadá, Ceará, with a total extension of approximately 190 hectares. A regular grid of 200 m x 200 m was established to determine the sampling sites, totaling 47 collection points. The soil samples were collected with an auger at depths of 0-20, 40-60 and 80-100 cm, and the chemical and granulometric analyses were then carried out to select the pit opening sites and classify the units according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SIBCS). The predominant soil classes in the study area were: Neossolos Litólicos Eutróficos típicos (59.4%), Planossolos Háplicos Eutróficos típicos (20.4%), Argissolos Vermelhos Eutróficos típicos and abrúpticos (15.9%) and Luvissolos Crômicos Órticos típicos (4.3%). Differences in parent material, relief and climate were the main influencing factors for the occurrence of a diversity of soil classes in the studied area, which shows large extensions of young and shallow soils, as well as evolved and deep soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327005
title: Semi-detailed survey of soils of Ceará’s semiarid region: Lavoura Seca Experimental Farm

description: ABSTRACT The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil has more than 53 million inhabitants who depend, directly or indirectly, on the resources that the region offers. Among these resources, the soil is highlighted as one of the most important. Due to the importance attributed to the knowledge on the pedological and morphological characteristics of the soils of the Brazilian northeastern semiarid region, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the different soil classes on the Lavoura Seca Experimental Farm, in the municipality of Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil, through the traditional method of soil mapping. The selected site is located in the municipality of Quixadá, Ceará, with a total extension of approximately 190 hectares. A regular grid of 200 m x 200 m was established to determine the sampling sites, totaling 47 collection points. The soil samples were collected with an auger at depths of 0-20, 40-60 and 80-100 cm, and the chemical and granulometric analyses were then carried out to select the pit opening sites and classify the units according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SIBCS). The predominant soil classes in the study area were: Neossolos Litólicos Eutróficos típicos (59.4%), Planossolos Háplicos Eutróficos típicos (20.4%), Argissolos Vermelhos Eutróficos típicos and abrúpticos (15.9%) and Luvissolos Crômicos Órticos típicos (4.3%). Differences in parent material, relief and climate were the main influencing factors for the occurrence of a diversity of soil classes in the studied area, which shows large extensions of young and shallow soils, as well as evolved and deep soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327007
title: Gas exchanges and growth of maize as affected by aeration porosity and soil compaction

description: ABSTRACT Based on the hypothesis that less than 10% aeration porosity is sufficient to ensure plant development, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of aeration porosity and soil density on the gas exchange and growth of maize plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement: two densities (1.6 and 1.7 Mg m-3) and five aeration porosities (0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12 m3 m-3), with five replicates. The interaction between the factors did not have an effect on the analyzed variables. Aeration porosity had a significant effect on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, relative chlorophyll index (SPAD), plant height and biomass production, whose data were fitted by quadratic models. The highest aeration porosity reduced conductance by 11%, followed by 7% reduction in photosynthesis and 6.4% in SPAD. Aeration porosities lower than 0.10 m3 m-3 did not cause significant reduction in the values of gas exchange and growth of maize. At soil density of 1.7 Mg m-3, photosynthesis, SPAD, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were higher, but with no increments in biomass and leaf area. It is concluded that aeration porosities greater than 0.10 m3 m-3 are more limiting to plants due to changes in soil attributes, such as penetration resistance and water content. The highest contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids at the highest density are acclimatization responses to the stress condition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327007.v1
title: Gas exchanges and growth of maize as affected by aeration porosity and soil compaction

description: ABSTRACT Based on the hypothesis that less than 10% aeration porosity is sufficient to ensure plant development, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of aeration porosity and soil density on the gas exchange and growth of maize plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement: two densities (1.6 and 1.7 Mg m-3) and five aeration porosities (0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12 m3 m-3), with five replicates. The interaction between the factors did not have an effect on the analyzed variables. Aeration porosity had a significant effect on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, relative chlorophyll index (SPAD), plant height and biomass production, whose data were fitted by quadratic models. The highest aeration porosity reduced conductance by 11%, followed by 7% reduction in photosynthesis and 6.4% in SPAD. Aeration porosities lower than 0.10 m3 m-3 did not cause significant reduction in the values of gas exchange and growth of maize. At soil density of 1.7 Mg m-3, photosynthesis, SPAD, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were higher, but with no increments in biomass and leaf area. It is concluded that aeration porosities greater than 0.10 m3 m-3 are more limiting to plants due to changes in soil attributes, such as penetration resistance and water content. The highest contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids at the highest density are acclimatization responses to the stress condition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327008.v1
title: Association of edaphoclimatic characteristics and variability of condensed tannin content in species from Caatinga

description: ABSTRACT Condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in plants are influenced by species, plant part, season, growth phase, environmental conditions, disease and defoliation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of edaphoclimatic factors on the concentration of CT stored in leaves and bark from Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild.) Poiret and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan., collected at three distinct locations in northeastern Brazil. At each study site, sampling was carried out by randomly selecting five trees, each tree represented one replication and samples of leaves and bark of each plant species was collected. Soil samples were collected near the base of each plant for moisture, physical and chemical analysis. Meteorological data from each month and site were obtained of the INMET automatic station. We conducted a principal components analysis using a multivariate technique to observe the influence of soil and weather on condensed tannin concentration. Overall, Anadenanthera macrocarpa has the least total CT concentration in both plant fraction and site. Our results suggest that soil chemical characteristics, soil moisture and weather explain 76.27% and 75.92% of the variation in CT produced by Mimosa tenuiflora and Anadenanthera macrocarpa, respectively. Condensed tannin concentration in these two species is negatively associated with soil moisture and rainfall, and positively associated with temperature and soil chemical elements.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327008
title: Association of edaphoclimatic characteristics and variability of condensed tannin content in species from Caatinga

description: ABSTRACT Condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in plants are influenced by species, plant part, season, growth phase, environmental conditions, disease and defoliation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of edaphoclimatic factors on the concentration of CT stored in leaves and bark from Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild.) Poiret and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan., collected at three distinct locations in northeastern Brazil. At each study site, sampling was carried out by randomly selecting five trees, each tree represented one replication and samples of leaves and bark of each plant species was collected. Soil samples were collected near the base of each plant for moisture, physical and chemical analysis. Meteorological data from each month and site were obtained of the INMET automatic station. We conducted a principal components analysis using a multivariate technique to observe the influence of soil and weather on condensed tannin concentration. Overall, Anadenanthera macrocarpa has the least total CT concentration in both plant fraction and site. Our results suggest that soil chemical characteristics, soil moisture and weather explain 76.27% and 75.92% of the variation in CT produced by Mimosa tenuiflora and Anadenanthera macrocarpa, respectively. Condensed tannin concentration in these two species is negatively associated with soil moisture and rainfall, and positively associated with temperature and soil chemical elements.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327010.v1
title: Nutritional value of babassu cake as a replacement for roughage in sheep feed

description: ABSTRACT The use of agro-industrial by-products in feeding ruminants has nutritional, environmental and economic advantages, and helps to sustain the production system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of diets containing babassu cake as a substitute for Tifton-85 hay (70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 g kg-1 dry matter: DM). Twenty-five castrated male sheep with a mean body weight of 49.6 ± 9.4 kg were used, distributed in metabolic cages in a completely randomised design. Voluntary intake was obtained from the difference between the amount of feed provided and the leftovers the following morning. To evaluate nutrient digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance, samples of urine and faeces were collected separately. There was no effect on DM intake; however, crude protein (CP) and ether extract intake increased linearly increased linearly. The addition of babassu cake had no effect on DM digestibility (mean value of 604.6 ± 272.8 g kg-1). Apparent CP digestibility and total digestible nutrient content showed increasing linear behaviour, while the digestibility of acid detergent fibre decreased linearly. The level of retained N varied from 9.72 ± 1.12 to 15.51 ± 1.84 g day-1 with the ratio to ingested N ranging from 521.0 ± 26.7 to 578.4 ± 31.8 g kg-1 N. The addition of babassu cake to replace the roughage, increased the nutritional value of the diet. Babassu cake can be included up to a total of 350 g kg-1 DM in the diet as a substitute for Tifton-85 hay.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327011
title: Phosphorus use in soybean in integrated production system under anticipation of phosphate fertilization

description: ABSTRACT Conservation agriculture practices, such as integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), can result in efficiency of phosphorus use and, economic and environmental benefits. The higher nutrient cycling, deposited crop and animal residues in the soil surface can promote the maintenance of soil fertility. Thus, the anticipated of phosphate fertilization may be a viable strategy of fertilization for soybean crop, in this system. The objective of this work was to determine the yield, accumulation of P and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) on the dry biomass and grains of the soybean crop, in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) due to anticipated fertilization of sources and doses phosphates annually applied in the soil surface. The experiment was conducted over a period of five years, in Castro-PR, under a Typic Dystrudept, using a randomized block design, in an incomplete factorial scheme (3×3+1), with four replications. The treatments consisted of three doses (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of total P2O5) plus absolute control, and three sources (triple superphosphate, rock phosphate - Arad and magnesium thermophosphate) of P. The different sources no influenced and there were no interactions between P sources and doses for the attributes: grain yield (GY), shoot dry mass (SDM), weight of thousand seeds (WTS), P accumulation in soybean (PAS), P concentration in soybean grains (PCSG), PUE and P in residual dry mass (PRDM). Linear increases were observed in GY, SDM, WTS, PCSG and PRDM and quadratic increases in PAS and PUE.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327011.v1
title: Phosphorus use in soybean in integrated production system under anticipation of phosphate fertilization

description: ABSTRACT Conservation agriculture practices, such as integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), can result in efficiency of phosphorus use and, economic and environmental benefits. The higher nutrient cycling, deposited crop and animal residues in the soil surface can promote the maintenance of soil fertility. Thus, the anticipated of phosphate fertilization may be a viable strategy of fertilization for soybean crop, in this system. The objective of this work was to determine the yield, accumulation of P and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) on the dry biomass and grains of the soybean crop, in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) due to anticipated fertilization of sources and doses phosphates annually applied in the soil surface. The experiment was conducted over a period of five years, in Castro-PR, under a Typic Dystrudept, using a randomized block design, in an incomplete factorial scheme (3×3+1), with four replications. The treatments consisted of three doses (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of total P2O5) plus absolute control, and three sources (triple superphosphate, rock phosphate - Arad and magnesium thermophosphate) of P. The different sources no influenced and there were no interactions between P sources and doses for the attributes: grain yield (GY), shoot dry mass (SDM), weight of thousand seeds (WTS), P accumulation in soybean (PAS), P concentration in soybean grains (PCSG), PUE and P in residual dry mass (PRDM). Linear increases were observed in GY, SDM, WTS, PCSG and PRDM and quadratic increases in PAS and PUE.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327013.v1
title: Xylanase and β-glucanase in diets for Japanese laying quails

description: RESUMO As rações dos animais monogástricos no Brasil constituem-se de milho e farelo de soja. Dentre os entraves do uso de grãos de cereais nas dietas destaca-se a presença de polissacarídeos não amiláceos, constituintes de baixa digestibilidade, não digeridos pelas aves. Desse modo, faz-se importância estudar ingredientes não convencionais e uso de aditivos, tais como as enzimas nas rações. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e o metabolismo de codornas japonesas em postura, alimentadas com rações à base de milho ou sorgo contendo ou não xilanase e β-glucanase. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2, sendo quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições e sete aves em cada, perfazendo 140 animais. Os tratamentos foram: 1) ração à base de farelo de soja e milho (RFSM); 2) RFSM + enzimas; 3) ração à base de farelo de soja e sorgo (RFSS); e 4) RFSS + enzimas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: desempenho zootécnico; metabolizabilidade das rações e das excretas; qualidade e processo oxidativo dos ovos; biometria de órgãos e bioquímica sérica. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores (ingredientes x enzimas) para todas as características avaliadas. As rações não provocaram alterações nas variáveis produtivas, de metabolizabilidade, qualidade dos ovos, biometria dos órgãos do trato gastrintestinal e do fêmur de codornas japonesas em postura. A massa total de ovos apresentou-se maior nas diferentes rações com uso enzimático. As concentrações de cálcio e fosfato séricos foram mais elevadas nas RFSM e RFSM + enzimas, entretanto, as relações Ca:P mantiveram-se, indicando condição de normalidade metabólica nas codornas de 26 a 35 semanas de idade.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327010
title: Nutritional value of babassu cake as a replacement for roughage in sheep feed

description: ABSTRACT The use of agro-industrial by-products in feeding ruminants has nutritional, environmental and economic advantages, and helps to sustain the production system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of diets containing babassu cake as a substitute for Tifton-85 hay (70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 g kg-1 dry matter: DM). Twenty-five castrated male sheep with a mean body weight of 49.6 ± 9.4 kg were used, distributed in metabolic cages in a completely randomised design. Voluntary intake was obtained from the difference between the amount of feed provided and the leftovers the following morning. To evaluate nutrient digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance, samples of urine and faeces were collected separately. There was no effect on DM intake; however, crude protein (CP) and ether extract intake increased linearly increased linearly. The addition of babassu cake had no effect on DM digestibility (mean value of 604.6 ± 272.8 g kg-1). Apparent CP digestibility and total digestible nutrient content showed increasing linear behaviour, while the digestibility of acid detergent fibre decreased linearly. The level of retained N varied from 9.72 ± 1.12 to 15.51 ± 1.84 g day-1 with the ratio to ingested N ranging from 521.0 ± 26.7 to 578.4 ± 31.8 g kg-1 N. The addition of babassu cake to replace the roughage, increased the nutritional value of the diet. Babassu cake can be included up to a total of 350 g kg-1 DM in the diet as a substitute for Tifton-85 hay.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327013
title: Xylanase and β-glucanase in diets for Japanese laying quails

description: RESUMO As rações dos animais monogástricos no Brasil constituem-se de milho e farelo de soja. Dentre os entraves do uso de grãos de cereais nas dietas destaca-se a presença de polissacarídeos não amiláceos, constituintes de baixa digestibilidade, não digeridos pelas aves. Desse modo, faz-se importância estudar ingredientes não convencionais e uso de aditivos, tais como as enzimas nas rações. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e o metabolismo de codornas japonesas em postura, alimentadas com rações à base de milho ou sorgo contendo ou não xilanase e β-glucanase. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2, sendo quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições e sete aves em cada, perfazendo 140 animais. Os tratamentos foram: 1) ração à base de farelo de soja e milho (RFSM); 2) RFSM + enzimas; 3) ração à base de farelo de soja e sorgo (RFSS); e 4) RFSS + enzimas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: desempenho zootécnico; metabolizabilidade das rações e das excretas; qualidade e processo oxidativo dos ovos; biometria de órgãos e bioquímica sérica. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores (ingredientes x enzimas) para todas as características avaliadas. As rações não provocaram alterações nas variáveis produtivas, de metabolizabilidade, qualidade dos ovos, biometria dos órgãos do trato gastrintestinal e do fêmur de codornas japonesas em postura. A massa total de ovos apresentou-se maior nas diferentes rações com uso enzimático. As concentrações de cálcio e fosfato séricos foram mais elevadas nas RFSM e RFSM + enzimas, entretanto, as relações Ca:P mantiveram-se, indicando condição de normalidade metabólica nas codornas de 26 a 35 semanas de idade.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327014
title: Chemical characteristics, degradation kinetics and gas production of arboreal species for ruminants

description: ABSTRACT The breeding systems of the small ruminants are extensive in the great majority, in which the animals are created in areas of native pasture named Caatinga, being necessary the knowledge on the chemical composition and its characteristics of feed degradation is crucial to increase nutrient use efficiency. Thereat, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the minerals, the carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds fractionation, the degradability, in vitro dry matter digestibility and the in vitro gas production of arboreal species, those are consumed by goats and sheeps. The species evaluated were Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Muell. Arg.) Pax. et K. Hoffman, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret, Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All., Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam. and Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. It was found that Mimosa tenuiflora has a higher crude protein quantity (174.9 g.kg-1 DM). Spondias tuberosa and Myracrodruon urundeuva had the highest values for total carbohydrates compared to the other species analyzed. As for the fractionation of nitrogenous compounds, the highest proportion of fraction A was found for Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (375.5 g.kg-1 CP). Among the species studied, Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus is highlighted with the highest ruminal degradation (61.63%) and dry matter digestibility (627.1 g.kg-1 DM), reflecting higher gas production (206.02 mL.g-1 DM). Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus, Poincianella bracteosa and Myracrodruon urundeuva showed a greater availability of nutrients in the rumen which is fundamental to increase the amount of ruminal microbial protein which reaches the small intestine for use by the animal.