DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tx95x6b2j
title: Behavioral datasets of wandering albatrosses collected at Possession Island, Crozet, France, in 2019 and 2020

description: The relationship between the environment and marine animal small-scale
 behavior is not fully understood. This is largely due to the difficulty in
 obtaining environmental datasets with a high spatiotemporal precision. The
 problem is particularly pertinent in assessing the influence of
 environmental factors in rapid, high-energy-consuming behavior such as
 seabird take-off. To fill the gaps in the existing environmental datasets,
 we employed novel techniques using animal-borne sensors with motion
 records to estimate wind and ocean wave parameters and evaluated their
 influence on wandering albatross take-off patterns. Measurements revealed
 that wind speed and wave heights experienced by wandering albatrosses
 during take-off ranged from 0.7 ~ 15.4 m/s and 1.6 ~ 6.4 m, respectively.
 The four indices measured (flapping number, frequency, sea surface running
 speed, and duration) also varied with the environmental conditions (e.g.,
 flapping number varied from 0 to over 20). Importantly, take-off was
 easier under higher wave conditions than under lower wave conditions at a
 constant wind speed, and take-off effort increased only when both wind and
 waves were gentle. Our data suggests that both ocean waves and winds play
 important roles for albatross take-off and advances our current
 understanding of albatross flight mechanisms.
description: The recorders, Ninja-scan
 (Little Leonardo, Tokyo, Japan), record triaxial acceleration at a very
 high time resolution (100 Hz). Ninja-scan also records 3D GPS positions (5
 Hz), Doppler velocity (5 Hz), temperature (6 Hz), pressure (6 Hz),
 geomagnetism (6 Hz), and angular velocity (100 Hz). There are two types of
 Ninja-scans with different battery masses (Naruoka et al., 2021). Small Ninja-scans weighed 28 g, which is 0.3 ~
 0.4% of wandering albatross body mass, and are expected to record for 7 h.
 Large Ninja-scans weighed 91 g, which corresponds to 0.8 ~ 1.3% of
 wandering albatross body mass, and are expected to record for 65
 h. Ninja scans were attached to breeding wandering
 albatrosses at Possession Island, Crozet archipelago (46°25 S, 51°44 E) in
 the South Indian Ocean in 2019 and 2020. In 2019, 12 small Ninja scans
 were attached (in tandem) to 6 individuals. On each bird, one recorder had
 a delay timer so that the two recording periods did not overlap.
 Additionally, 15 birds had individual Ninja-scans attached, of which 8
 were small Ninja-scans and 7 were large Ninja scans. In 2020, 10 small
 Ninja-scans were attached in tandem to 5 individuals. Additionally, 19
 birds had individual Ninja-scans attached, of which 7 were small
 Ninja-scans and 12 were large Ninja-scans. In summary, 21 and 24 wandering
 albatrosses were tagged in 2019 and 2020, respectively. All experiments
 were performed from late January to early March of each year, which
 corresponds to the incubation period of wandering albatrosses. Recorders
 were attached to the back of each bird with waterproof tape (Tesa,
 Hamburg, Germany) and glue (Loctite; Henkel, Dusseldorf, Germany). All
 recorders were retrieved within 35 days. One small Ninja-scan which had
 been attached in isolation in 2020 did not work correctly. The effects of
 the attached recorders on wandering albatrosses were previously
 assessed (Phillips et al.,
 2003; Barbraud and Weimerskirch, 2012) and revealed that small recorders (less than 3%
 of their body mass) do not negatively impact breeding or foraging
 behaviors. The experiment was conducted as part of Program 109 of the
 Institut Polaire Paul Emile Victor with permission from the Préfet des
 Terrs Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, France (permit numbers:
 2018-117 and 2019-106).
description: # Behavioral datasets of wandering albatrosses collected at Possession
 Island, Crozet, France, in 2019 and 2020 This repository deposits
 behavioral data of wandering albatrosses collected at Possession Island,
 Crozet, France in 2019 and 2020. Row GPS (G), acceleration (A), pressure
 and temperature (P), and geomagnetism (M) files for each of 44 individuals
 are included. FIles are named as "BiP\_WA\_CROZET(year)\_*(birdID,
 start from M or F)\_*(tagID, start from N or NW)\_(G, A, P, or
 M).csv" ## Author Information Leo Uesaka (leo-u@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
 \*a,b, Yusuke Goto a,c,d, Masaru Naruoka e, Henri Weimerskirch d,
 Katsufumi Sato a, Kentaro Q. Sakamoto a. a Atmosphere and Ocean Research
 Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan; b
 Information and Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa,
 Chiba, 277-0882, Japan; c Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya
 University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; d Centre d’Etudes
 Biologiques de Chize (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle,
 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; e Aeronautical Technology Directorate,
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Chofu, Japan ## Links to
 publications that cite or use the data L. Uesaka, Y. Goto, M. Naruoka, H.
 Weimerskirch, K. Sato, K. Q. Sakamoto, (2023) "Wandering albatrosses
 exert high take-off effort only when both wind and waves are gentle",
 eLife. ## GPS (G) file structure GPS (G) file is composed of columns: *
 TimeStamp, timestamp described in French Southern and Antarctic Time (TFT,
 UTC+5) * lat, Latitude (deg) * long, Longitude (deg) * alt, altitude (m) *
 accuracyH, Accuracy of horizontal position (m) * accuracyV, Accuracy of
 vertical position (m) * s2north, Horizontal speed to North (m/s) * s2east,
 Horizontal speed to East (m/s) * s2down, Vertical speed to downward (ms)
 ## Acceleration (A) file structure Acceleration (A) is composed of
 columns: * TimeStamp, timestamp described in French Southern and Antarctic
 Time (TFT, UTC+5) * ax, X-axis (surge) acceleration (m/s2) * ay, Y-axis
 (sway) acceleration (m/s2) * az, Z-axis (heave) acceleration (m/s2) * vx,
 X-axis (roll) angular velocity (deg/s) * vy, Y-axis (pitch) angular
 velocity (deg/s) * vz, Z-axis (yaw) angular velocity (deg/s) ## Pressure
 and Temperature (P) file structure Pressure and Temperature (P) file is
 composed of columns: * TimeStamp, timestamp described in French Southern
 and Antarctic Time (TFT, UTC+5) * pr, Pressure (Pa) * temp, Temperature
 (°C) ## Geomagnetism (M) file structure Geomagnetism (M) file is composed
 of columns: * TimeStamp, timestamp described in French Southern and
 Antarctic Time (TFT, UTC+5) * mx, X-axis geomagnetism amplitude * my,
 X-axis geomagnetism amplitude * mz, X-axis geomagnetism amplitude ## Code
 availability Processing codes to reproduce results in this study are
 preserved in the GitHub repository
 (https://github.com/LeoUesaka/Take-off). Raw data files are also preserved
 in Biologging intelligent Platform (BiP: https://www.bip-earth.com/),
 where you can directly calculate ocean wind and wave condition from the
 data using embedded OLAP system in the repository site.