DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh9n
title: Century-scale changes in dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity in Puget Sound

description: Over the last century, many coastal ocean regions have experienced a
 decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. In this work we consider
 long term changes in DO in an estuary, which may be influenced by both
 changing ocean conditions and anthropogenic activity. We analyze nearly
 100 years of water column profile data in Puget Sound, a temperate,
 fjordal, urbanized estuary in Washington State, USA and the southernmost
 region of the Salish Sea. We observe warming of 1.5°C/century, consistent
 with warming found throughout the Salish Sea region and similar to coastal
 ocean and local atmospheric warming. We observe that bottom salinity is
 increasing at a low rate. Finally, we find that bottom DO is declining at
 a rate of about 0.6 mg/L/century in Main basin, the largest section of
 Puget Sound. Changes in DO solubility associated with the observed
 increase in water temperature can account for approximately 50% of this DO
 loss. In Puget Sound’s distal terminal inlets where hypoxic conditions
 more commonly occur, trends in DO are generally small and the variability
 in DO is high, obscuring trends there. Documenting long-term changes in
 estuary water properties is imperative to inform management decisions for
 ecosystem health.
description: # Century-scale changes in dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity in
 Puget Sound Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh9n](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh9n) ##
 Description of the data and file structure Scripts - RUN THESE! #### File:
 figure_XX.py **Description:** figure_02.pyProcesses dataframes and plots
 manuscript figures. #### File: figure_functions.py
 **Description:** Functions for data and dataframe processing and plotting.
 LiveOcean grid attributes (used for plotting and bathymetry) (MacCready et
 al., 2021 - see manuscript for full citation; see
 [https://github.com/parkermac/LO.git](https://github.com/parkermac/LO.git)
 for public repository) Note: These files are "pickle" data
 structures. Specific code to load these files are included in figure_XX.py
 plotting scripts. If loading these files independently, users require
 Python with the "pickle" module. #### File: plon.p
 **Description:** plaid 2D longitude grid (ndarray) for LiveOcean cas7
 domain, used for Matplotlib pcolormesh plotting #### File: plat.p
 **Description:** plaid 2D latitude grid (ndarray) for LiveOcean cas7
 domain, used for Matplotlib pcolormesh plotting #### File: coast_pnw.p
 **Description:** 2D points for graphical LiveOcean domain coastline, used
 for graphics #### File: zm_inverse.p **Description:** 2D grid (ndarray)
 masking out "water" cells in the LiveOcean cas7 domain, used for
 graphics #### Air Temperature & River Data #### File: 1527887.csv
 **Description:** Daily minimum and maximum temperatures at Seattle-Tacoma
 International Airport (GHCND:USW00024233) (NOAA GHCN, 2018; see text for
 more details and citations), used in figure_3.py. ##### Variables * DATE =
 measurement date * TMAX = daily maximum temperature (degrees C) * TMIN =
 daily minimum temperature (degrees C) * STATION = agency-specified site
 identifier * NAME = station name * PRCP = daily precipitation (mm) * TSUN
 = daily total sunshine (minutes) #### File: skagit_monthly.txt
 **Description:** Monthly average discharge at Skagit River near Mount
 Vernon (USGS 12200500) (USGS, 2024; see text for more details and
 citations), used in figure_4.py. Original header metadata is included in
 this file. ##### Variables * year_nu = year * month_nu = month number *
 mean_va = mean monthly discharge in cubic feet per second (cfs) *
 agency_cd = code for sampling agency * site_no = agency-specified site
 number * parameter_cd = agency-specified code for measured variable (in
 this case, mean monthly discharge in cfs) * ts_id = agency-specified time
 series identifier #### Dataframes+ Dataframes are "pickled"
 dataframes, meaning they are easily readable using Python Pandas'
 inherent functionality using "pickled" storage. Please see
 manuscript for data sources used to create dataframes. Note: These files
 are "pickle" data structures. Specific code to load these files
 are included in figure_XX.py plotting scripts. If loading these files
 independently, users require Python with the "pandas" module.
 #### File: ps_casts_DF.p **Description:** This dataframe includes all
 shipboard profiles within Puget Sound considered in this work. Individual
 profiles are called "casts" and may have multiple data points at
 different depths along the profile. Data columns are discussed below.
 ##### Variables * cid - unique cast identifier * lon - longitude at which
 cast was recorded * lat - latitude at which cast was recorded * time -
 recorded cast time * datetime - recorded cast time in DateTime format *
 date_ordinal - recorded cast time in DateOrdinal format * decade -
 recorded decade of cast (e.g., 1940s) * year - recorded calendar year of
 cast * season - recorded season of cast; seasons are defined in
 three-month trimesters and use the following shorthand (NOTE: shorthand is
 purely for coding readability and does not necessarily indicate scientific
 distinctions between seasons): * "loDO" = August-November *
 "winter" = December-March * "grow" = April-July *
 month - recorded calendar month of cast * yearday - recorded yearday of
 cast * z - recorded data point depth [m] * var - variable name, one of
 (see text for more description of conversions): * CT = conservative
 temperature in degrees C * SA = absolute salinity in g/kg * DO_mg_L =
 dissolved oxygen concentration [DO] in mg/L * val - value (specified
 datapoint for the indicated variable) * ix - x-index corresponding to
 longitude on the LiveOcean grid (see manuscript for citations and
 description) * iy - y-index corresponding to latitude on the LiveOcean
 grid (see manuscript for citations and description) * h - water column
 depth at specified index on the LiveOcean grid (see manuscript for
 citations and description) * data_source - sampling party/agency (see
 citations) * Collias (Col.) * King County (KC) * WA Dept. of Ecology
 (Eco.) * NCEI Salish Sea (NCEI) * sampling_type - type of profile (see
 manuscript for descriptions) * Bottle * Sonde (unknown type) * CTD+DO *
 ix_iy - string concatenation of ix and iy #### File: site_casts_DF.p
 **Description:** This dataframe includes all shipboard profiles for the
 (5) selected sites with sufficient data for century-scale trend analyses
 considered in this work. Column nomenclature is the same as above; new
 columns are discussed below. ##### New Variables * site - name of selected
 site * surf_deep - depth bin * surf - depth-average using top 5m of water
 column * deep - depth-average using site-specific bottom percentage of
 water column (see manuscript for details) * min_segment_h - greatest water
 column depth within site using the LiveOcean grid (see manuscript for
 citations and description) #### File: site_depth_avg_var_DF.p
 **Description:** This dataframe includes all depth-averaged cast data for
 the (5) selected sites with sufficient data for century-scale trend
 analyses considered in this work. Column nomenclature is the same as
 above. #### File: site_polygon_dict.p **Description:** Not really a
 dataframe, rather a "pickled" dictionary of Matplotlib Path
 objects that bound each site using polygons; this is used for plotting in
 figure_01.py. #### Code/software Data processing and figure creation was
 conducted using Python 3.11.11 and the following packages: Matplotlib
 3.10.1 [(Hunter, 2007; The Matplotlib Development Team,
 2025)](https://web.endnote.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%2BMTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5IdW50ZXIsIEpvaG4gRC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM%2BPC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU%2BTWF0cGxvdGxpYjogQSAyRCBHcmFwaGljcyBFbnZpcm9ubWVudDwvdGl0bGU%2BPHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5Db21wdXRpbmcgaW4gU2NpZW5jZSAmYW1wOyBFbmdpbmVlcmluZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA3PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM%2BPHBhZ2VzPjkwLTk1PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjk8L3ZvbHVtZT48c2VjdGlvbj45MDwvc2VjdGlvbj48aXNibj4xNTIxLTk2MTU8L2lzYm4%2BPGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjExMDkvbWNzZS4yMDA3LjU1PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bnVtYmVyPjM8L251bWJlcj48cmVjLWd1aWQ%2BYWI2ZTI0MjItOGI1Zi00Y2E2LWI4MWQtMGE0MWZmZGQzNmU3PC9yZWMtZ3VpZD48cmVjLXVzbj4zNTc8L3JlYy11c24%2BPC9yZWNvcmQ%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%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPlRoZSBNYXRwbG90bGliIERldmVsb3BtZW50IFRlYW0sPC9hdXRob3I%2BPC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM%2BPHRpdGxlPk1hdHBsb3RsaWI6IFZpc3VhbGl6YXRpb24gd2l0aCBQeXRob24gKHYzLjEwLjEpPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPlplbm9kbzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDI1PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM%2BPGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPmh0dHBzOi8vZG9pLm9yZy8xMC41MjgxL3plbm9kby4xNDk0MDU1NDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPjYyMDFlY2FlLWVkMjItNGU0ZS05NGFjLTA0OTk1MWM0NjUxZjwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%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%3D%3D), Numpy 2.1.3 [(Harris et al., 2020)](https://web.endnote.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%2BMTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5IYXJyaXMsIEMuIFIuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5NaWxsbWFuLCBLLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BdmFuIGRlciBXYWx0LCBTLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BR29tbWVycywgUi48L2F1dG), Scipy 1.15.25 [(The pandas development team, 2020; Virtanen et al., 2020)](https://web.endnote.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%2BMTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5WaXJ0YW5lbiwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkdvbW1lcnMsIFIuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5PbGlwaGFudCwgVC4gRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkhhYmVybGFuZCwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJlZGR5LCBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BQ291cm5hcGVhdSwgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJ1cm92c2tpLCBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BUGV0ZXJzb24sIFAuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5XZWNrZXNzZXIsIFcuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5CcmlnaHQsIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVyIFdhbHQsIFMuIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5CcmV0dCwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldpbHNvbiwgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1pbGxtYW4sIEsuIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5NYXlvcm92LCBOLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BTmVsc29uLCBBLiBSLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BSm9uZXMsIEUuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5LZXJuLCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BTGFyc29uLCBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BQ2FyZXksIEMuIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5Qb2xhdCwgSS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZlbmcsIFkuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5Nb29yZSwgRS4gVy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlZhbmRlclBsYXMsIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5MYXhhbGRlLCBELjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BUGVya3RvbGQsIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5DaW1ybWFuLCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BSGVucmlrc2VuLCBJLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BUXVpbnRlcm8sIEUuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5IYXJyaXMsIEMuIFIuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5BcmNoaWJhbGQsIEEuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5SaWJlaXJvLCBBLiBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BUGVkcmVnb3NhLCBGLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BdmFuIE11bGJyZWd0LCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BU2NpUHksIENvbnRyaWJ1dG9yczwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPlVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgSnl2YXNreWxhLCBKeXZhc2t5bGEsIEZpbmxhbmQuXG5RdWFuc2lnaHQgTExDLCBBdXN0aW4sIFRYLCBVU0EuIHNjaXB5LmFydGljbGVzQGdtYWlsLmNvbS5cblF1YW5zaWdodCBMTEMsIEF1c3RpbiwgVFgsIFVTQS5cblVsdHJhc291bmQgSW1hZ2luZywgTWF5byBDbGluaWMsIFJvY2hlc3RlciwgTU4sIFVTQS5cbkVsZWN0cmljYWwgRW5naW5lZXJpbmcsIEJyaWdoYW0gWW91bmcgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSwgUHJvdm8sIFVULCBVU0EuXG5FbnRob3VnaHQsIEluYy4sIEF1c3RpbiwgVFgsIFVTQS5cbkFuYWNvbmRhIEluYy4sIEF1c3RpbiwgVFgsIFVTQS5cbkJpb1Jlc291cmNlIGFuZCBBZ3JpY3VsdHVyYWwgRW5naW5lZXJpbmcgRGVwYXJ0bWVudCwgQ2FsaWZvcm5pYSBQb2x5dGVjaG5pYyBTdGF0ZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCBTYW4gTHVpcyBPYmlzcG8sIENBLCBVU0EuIHNjaXB5LmFydGljbGVzQGdtYWlsLmNvbS5cbkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgTWF0aGVtYXRpY3MsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgQ2FsaWZvcm5pYSBMb3MgQW5nZWxlcywgTG9zIEFuZ2VsZXMsIENBLCBVU0EuIHNjaXB5LmFydGljbGVzQGdtYWlsLmNvbS5cbkxvcyBBbGFtb3MgTmF0aW9uYWwgTGFib3JhdG9yeSwgTG9zIEFsYW1vcywgTk0sIFVTQS4gc2NpcHkuYXJ0aWNsZXNAZ21haWwuY29tLlxuSW5kZXBlbmRlbnQgcmVzZWFyY2hlciwgVG9reW8sIEphcGFuLlxuTmF0aW9uYWwgUmVzZWFyY2ggVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBIaWdoZXIgU2Nob29sIG9mIEVjb25vbWljcywgTW9zY293LCBSdXNzaWEuXG5JbmRlcGVuZGVudCByZXNlYXJjaGVyLCBTYXVlLCBFc3RvbmlhLlxuRGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBNZWNoYW5pY3MgYW5kIEFwcGxpZWQgTWF0aGVtYXRpY3MsIEluc3RpdHV0ZSBvZiBDeWJlcm5ldGljcyBhdCBUYWxsaW5uIFRlY2huaWNhbCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCBUYWxsaW5uLCBFc3RvbmlhLlxuQmVya2VsZXkgSW5zdGl0dXRlIGZvciBEYXRhIFNjaWVuY2UsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgQ2FsaWZvcm5pYSBCZXJrZWxleSwgQmVya2VsZXksIENBLCBVU0EuXG5JbmRlcGVuZGVudCByZXNlYXJjaGVyLCBOZXcgWW9yaywgTlksIFVTQS5cblNjaG9vbCBvZiBQc3ljaG9sb2d5LCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIEJpcm1pbmdoYW0sIEVkZ2Jhc3RvbiwgQmlybWluZ2hhbSwgVUsuXG5JbmRlcGVuZGVudCByZXNlYXJjaGVyLCBTYW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvLCBDQSwgVVNBLlxuRGl2aXNpb24gb2YgQmlvc3RhdGlzdGljcywgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBDYWxpZm9ybmlhIEJlcmtlbGV5LCBCZXJrZWxleSwgQ0EsIFVTQS5cbldheVJheSBMTEMsIFNrb2xrb3ZvIElubm92YXRpb24gQ2VudGVyLCBNb3Njb3csIFJ1c3NpYS5cbkF1c3RyYWxpYW4gTnVjbGVhciBTY2llbmNlIGFuZCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IE9yZ2FuaXNhdGlvbiwgTHVjYXMgSGVpZ2h0cywgTlNXLCBBdXN0cmFsaWEuXG5JbnN0aXR1dGUgZm9yIExlYXJuaW5nIGFuZCBCcmFpbiBTY2llbmNlcywgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uLCBTZWF0dGxlLCBXQSwgVVNBLlxuQ29sbGVnZSBvZiBJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBhbmQgQ29tcHV0aW5nIFNjaWVuY2VzLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIE1hc3NhY2h1c2V0dHMgQW1oZXJzdCwgQW1oZXJzdCwgTUEsIFVTQS5cbkluZGVwZW5kZW50IHJlc2VhcmNoZXIsIEFtc3RlcmRhbSwgdGhlIE5ldGhlcmxhbmRzLlxuQmVya2VsZXkgQ2VudGVyIGZvciBDb3Ntb2xvZ2ljYWwgUGh5c2ljcywgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBDYWxpZm9ybmlhIEJlcmtlbGV5LCBCZXJrZWxleSwgQ0EsIFVTQS5cbkJydWtlciBCaW9zcGluIENvcnAuLCBCaWxsZXJpY2EsIE1BLCBVU0EuXG5Vbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24sIFNlYXR0bGUsIFdBLCBVU0EuXG5JbmRlcGVuZGVudCByZXNlYXJjaGVyLCBUb3Vsb3VzZSwgRnJhbmNlLlxuSW5kZXBlbmRlbnQgcmVzZWFyY2hlciwgTW9udHJlYWwsIFF1ZWJlYywgQ2FuYWRhLlxuTmV3IFRlY2hub2xvZ2llcyBSZXNlYXJjaCBDZW50cmUsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgV2VzdCBCb2hlbWlhLCBQbHplbiwgQ3plY2ggUmVwdWJsaWMuXG5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIE1hdGhlbWF0aWNzLCBCcmlnaGFtIFlvdW5nIFVuaXZlcnNpdHksIFByb3ZvLCBVVCwgVVNBLlxuT2RlbiBJbnN0aXR1dGUgZm9yIENvbXB1dGF0aW9uYWwgRW5naW5lZXJpbmcgYW5kIFNjaWVuY2VzLCBUaGUgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBUZXhhcyBhdCBBdXN0aW4sIEF1c3RpbiwgVFgsIFVTQS5cbkluZGVwZW5kZW50IHJlc2VhcmNoZXIsIEJlbG1vbnQsIE1hc3NhY2h1c2V0dHMsIFVTQS5cblNwYWNlIER5bmFtaWNzIExhYm9yYXRvcnksIE5vcnRoIExvZ2FuLCBVVCwgVVNBLlxuSW5kZXBlbmRlbnQgcmVzZWFyY2hlciwgTG9nYW4sIFV0YWgsIFVTQS5cbkFudG9uIFBhbm5la29layBJbnN0aXR1dGUsIEFtc3RlcmRhbSwgVGhlIE5ldGhlcmxhbmRzLlxuR3JhZHVhdGUgUHJvZ3JhbSBpbiBFbGVjdHJpY2FsIEVuZ2luZWVyaW5nLCBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZGUgRmVkZXJhbCBkZSBNaW5hcyBHZXJhaXMsIEJlbG8gSG9yaXpvbnRlLCBCcmF6aWwuXG5Hb29nbGUgTExDLCBNb250cmVhbCwgUXVlYmVjLCBDYW5hZGEuXG5Hb29nbGUgTExDLCBDYW1icmlkZ2UsIE1BLCBVU0EuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M%2BPHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU%2BU2NpUHkgMS4wOiBmdW5kYW1lbnRhbCBhbGdvcml0aG1zIGZvciBzY2llbnRpZmljIGNvbXB1dGluZyBpbiBQeXRob248L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU%2BTmF0IE1ldGhvZHM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM%2BPHllYXI%2BMjAyMDwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk1hcjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxwYWdlcz4yNjEtMjcyPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE3PC92b2x1bWU%2BPGVkaXRpb24%2BMjAyMDAyMDM8L2VkaXRpb24%2BPGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPipBbGdvcml0aG1zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbXB1dGF0aW9uYWwgQmlvbG9neS9oaXN0b3J5LyptZXRob2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbXB1dGVyIFNpbXVsYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ%2BPGtleXdvcmQ%2BSGlzdG9yeSwgMjB0aCBDZW50dXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkhpc3RvcnksIDIxc3QgQ2VudHVyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MaW5lYXIgTW9kZWxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1vZGVscywgQmlvbG9naWNhbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Ob25saW5lYXIgRHluYW1pY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ%2BPGtleXdvcmQ%2BKlByb2dyYW1taW5nIExhbmd1YWdlczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TaWduYWwgUHJvY2Vzc2luZywgQ29tcHV0ZXItQXNzaXN0ZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ%2BPGtleXdvcmQ%2BKlNvZnR3YXJlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM%2BPGlzYm4%2BMTU0OC03MTA1IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKVxuMTU0OC03MDkxIChQcmludClcbjE1NDgtNzA5MSAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4%2BPGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0%2BMzIwMTU1NDM8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0%2BPGFic3RyYWN0PlNjaVB5IGlzIGFuIG9wZW4tc291cmNlIHNjaWVudGlmaWMgY29tcHV0aW5nIGxpYnJhcnkgZm9yIHRoZSBQeXRob24gcHJvZ3JhbW1pbmcgbGFuZ3VhZ2UuIFNpbmNlIGl0cyBpbml0aWFsIHJlbGVhc2UgaW4gMjAwMSwgU2NpUHkgaGFzIGJlY29tZSBhIGRlIGZhY3RvIHN0YW5kYXJkIGZvciBsZXZlcmFnaW5nIHNjaWVudGlmaWMgYWxnb3JpdGhtcyBpbiBQeXRob24sIHdpdGggb3ZlciA2MDAgdW5pcXVlIGNvZGUgY29udHJpYnV0b3JzLCB0aG91c2FuZHMgb2YgZGVwZW5kZW50IHBhY2thZ2VzLCBvdmVyID), Pandas 2.2.3 [(The pandas development team, 2020)](https://web.endnote.com/citations/eyJkaXNwbGF5VGV4dCI6IihUaGUgcGFuZGFzIGRldmVsb3BtZW50IHRlYW0sIDIwMjApIiwiY2l0YXRpb25zIjpbeyJiaWJsaW9Db250ZW50IjpbeyJyc3htbCI6IjxyZWNvcmQ%2BPHJlZi10eXBlPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I%2BVGhlIHBhbmRhcyBkZXZlbG9wbWVudCB0ZWFtLDwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5QYW5kYXMgKFZlcnNpb24gMi4yLjMpPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPlplbm9kbzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDIwPC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM%2BPGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPmRvaS5vcmcvMTAuNTI4MS96ZW5vZG8uMzUwOTEzNDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPjNlZjY1MjU3LTk0MGYtNGM4My04NGJiLTE4NjE3ODE0MDJmNTwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%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%3D%3D), Pickle 4.0 [(Van Rossum, 2020)](https://web.endnote.com/citations/eyJkaXNwbGF5VGV4dCI6IihWYW4gUm9zc3VtLCAyMDIwKSIsImNpdGF0aW9ucyI6W3siYmlibGlvQ29udGVudCI6W3sicmVjb3JkU3RhdHVzIjoiYWN0aXZlIiwiZ3VpZCI6IjUxZDBjMDZmLTMzOGUtNGQ4Ni1iYzVhLWYzYTY2NGVjMWRmYSIsInJlZmVyZW5jZVR5cGUiOiIxNyIsInNlY29uZGFyeVRpdGxlIjoiUHl0aG9uIFNvZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24iLCJncm91cEd1aWRzIjpbXSwieWVhciI6IjIwMjAiLCJ0aXRsZSI6IlRoZSBQeXRob24gTGlicmFyeSBSZWZlcmVuY2UsIHBpY2tsZSByZWxlYXNlIDQuMCIsImF1dGhvcnMiOlsiVmFuIFJvc3N1bSwgRy4iXSwicnN4bWwiOiI8cmVjb3JkPjxyZWYtdHlwZT4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPlZhbiBSb3NzdW0sIEcuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM%2BPHRpdGxlPlRoZSBQeXRob24gTGlicmFyeSBSZWZlcmVuY2UsIHBpY2tsZSByZWxlYXNlIDQuMDwvdGl0bGU%2BPHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDIwPC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPjUxZDBjMDZmLTMzOGUtNGQ4Ni1iYzVhLWYzYTY2NGVjMWRmYTwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%2BMzcxPC9yZWMtdXNuPjwvcmVjb3JkPiJ9XSwiZ3VpZCI6IjUxZDBjMDZmLTMzOGUtNGQ4Ni1iYzVhLWYzYTY2NGVjMWRmYSIsInJlY29yZCI6eyJjb250cmlidXRvcnMiOnsiYXV0aG9ycyI6eyJhdXRob3IiOiJWYW4gUm9zc3VtLCBHLiJ9fSwidGl0bGVzIjp7InRpdGxlIjoiVGhlIFB5dGhvbiBMaWJyYXJ5IFJlZmVyZW5jZSwgcGlja2xlIHJlbGVhc2UgNC4wIiwic2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlIjoiUHl0aG9uIFNvZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24ifSwicmVmLXR5cGUiOiIxNyIsImRhdGVzIjp7InllYXIiOiIyMDIwIn0sInJlYy1ndWlkIjoiNTFkMGMwNmYtMzM4ZS00ZDg2LWJjNWEtZjNhNjY0ZWMxZGZhIiwicmVjLXVzbiI6IjM3MSJ9fV19), and TEOS 10/Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox [(McDougall & Barker, 2011)](https://web.endnote.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%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPk1jRG91Z2FsbCwgVHJldm9yIEouPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5CYXJrZXIsIFBhdWwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM%2BPC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU%2BR2V0dGluZyBzdGFydGVkIHdpdGggVEVPUy0xMCBhbmQgdGhlIEdpYmJzIFNlYXdhdGVyIChHU1cpIE9jZWFub2dyYXBoaWMgVG9vbGJveDwvdGl0bGU%2BPC90aXRsZXM%2BPGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTE8L3llYXI%2BPC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj45NzgtMC02NDYtNTU2MjEtNTwvaXNibj48cmVjLWd1aWQ%2BNDk4MjdlOWItMTk0Zi00OTdjLWJhYjYtN2E3NTZhOTA3NDU1PC9yZWMtZ3VpZD48cmVjLXVzbj4yOTE8L3JlYy11c24%2BPC9yZWNvcmQ%2BIiwiZ3JvdXBHdWlkcyI6W10sInJlZmVyZW5jZVR5cGUiOiIxMyIsImd1aWQiOiI0OTgyN2U5Yi0xOTRmLTQ5N2MtYmFiNi03YTc1NmE5MDc0NTUiLCJpc2JuIjoiOTc4LTAtNjQ2LTU1NjIxLTUifV19XX0%3D). Grid and plotting tools adapted in this work from LiveOcean [(MacCready et al., 2021)](https://web.endnote.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%2BMTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5NYWNDcmVhZHksIFAuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5NY0NhYmUsIFIuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5TaWVkbGVja2ksIFMuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5Mb3JlbnosIE0uPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5HaWRkaW5ncywgUy4gTi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJvcywgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkFsYmVydHNvbiwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJhbmFzLCBOLiBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I%2BR2FybmllciwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM%2BPC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU%2BRXN0dWFyaW5lIENpcmN1bGF0aW9uLCBNaXhpbmcsIGFuZCBSZXNpZGVuY2UgVGltZXMgaW4gdGhlIFNhbGlzaCBTZWE8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU%2BSm91cm5hbCBvZiBHZW9waHlzaWNhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDogT2NlYW5zPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU%2BPC90aXRsZXM%2BPGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMjE8L3llYXI%2BPC9kYXRlcz48dm9sdW1lPjEyNjwvdm9sdW1lPjxpc2JuPjIxNjktOTI3NVxuMjE2OS05MjkxPC9pc2JuPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDI5LzIwMjBqYzAxNjczODwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0%2BPG51bWJlcj4yPC9udW1iZXI%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPjc1ZGJiNTI4LTBiMmEtNDA4NC05NDdmLTUzNGQyNGM4NTQ4ODwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%2BOTE8L3JlYy11c24%2BPC9yZWNvcmQ%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%3D%3D) can be found [https://github.com/parkermac/LO.git](https://github.com/parkermac/LO.git). (Please see manuscript for formal citations.) #### Access information Data from various agencies were used in the creation of this manuscript. Data were compiled and collected by Eugene Collias at the University of Washington [(Collias, 1970; Collias & Lincoln, 1977)](https://web.endnote.com/citations/eyJkaXNwbGF5VGV4dCI6IihDb2xsaWFzLCAxOTcwOyBDb2xsaWFzICYgTGluY29sbiwgMTk3NykiLCJjaXRhdGlvbnMiOlt7InJlY29yZCI6eyJ1cmxzIjp7InJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscyI6eyJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczovL2FwcHMuZWNvbG9neS53YS5nb3YvZWltL3NlYXJjaC9EZXRhaWwvRGV0YWlsLmFzcHg%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%2BMTI8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5Db2xsaWFzLCBFLiBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5QaHlzaWNhbCBhbmQgQ2hlbWljYWwgT2NlYW5vZ3JhcGhpYyBEYXRhIG9mIFB1Z2V0IFNvdW5kIGFuZCBJdHMgQXBwcm9hY2hlcywgMTkzMi0xOTY2PC90aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM%2BPHllYXI%2BMTk3MDwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxwdWJsaXNoZXI%2BV2FzaGluZ3RvbiBTZWEgR3JhbnQ8L3B1Ymxpc2hlcj48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw%2BaHR0cHM6Ly9hcHBzLmVjb2xvZ3kud2EuZ292L2VpbS9zZWFyY2gvRGV0YWlsL0RldGFpbC5hc3B4P0RldGFpbFR5cGU9U3R1ZHkmYW1wO1N5c3RlbVByb2plY3RJZD05OTk3MTg4NTwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMT4xOTMyLTE5NjY8L2N1c3RvbTE%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPjQ1NzkwMGIyLTBiOTQtNDBiNC1iNTM3LWIwM2YwNjI0ODM0ZDwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%2BMzMwPC9yZWMtdXNuPjwvcmVjb3JkPiIsImF1dGhvcnMiOlsiQ29sbGlhcywgRS4gRS4iXSwiZ3VpZCI6IjQ1NzkwMGIyLTBiOTQtNDBiNC1iNTM3LWIwM2YwNjI0ODM0ZCIsInVybCI6WyJodHRwczovL2FwcHMuZWNvbG9neS53YS5nb3YvZWltL3NlYXJjaC9EZXRhaWwvRGV0YWlsLmFzcHg%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%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkNvbGxpYXMsIEUuIEUuPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5MaW5jb2xuLCBKLiBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BIFN0dWR5IG9mIHRoZSBOdXRyaWVudHMgaW4gdGhlIE1haW4gQmFzaW4gb2YgUHVnZXQgU291bmQ6IEZpbmFsIFJlcG9ydDwvdGl0bGU%2BPC90aXRsZXM%2BPGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5Nzc8L3llYXI%2BPC9kYXRlcz48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw%2BaHR0cHM6Ly9hcHBzLmVjb2xvZ3kud2EuZ292L2VpbS9zZWFyY2gvRGV0YWlsL0RldGFpbC5hc3B4P0RldGFpbFR5cGU9U3R1ZHkmYW1wO1N5c3RlbVByb2plY3RJZD05OTk3MTg4NTwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48cmVjLWd1aWQ%2BNWVlNmY2ZDgtYzVkZC00MzdiLWEzN2MtOTkwNWJiNmI4NWY1PC9yZWMtZ3VpZD48cmVjLXVzbj4yNjY8L3JlYy11c24%2BPC9yZWNvcmQ%2BIiwidXJsIjpbImh0dHBzOi8vYXBwcy5lY29sb2d5LndhLmdvdi9laW0vc2VhcmNoL0RldGFpbC9EZXRhaWwuYXNweD9EZXRhaWxUeXBlPVN0dWR5JlN5c3RlbVByb2plY3RJZD05OTk3MTg4NSJdfV19XX0%3D). The Washington State Department of Ecology [(WA Dept. of Ecology, 2024)](https://web.endnote.com/citations/eyJkaXNwbGF5VGV4dCI6IihXQSBEZXB0LiBvZiBFY29sb2d5LCAyMDI0KSIsImNpdGF0aW9ucyI6W3siYmlibGlvQ29udGVudCI6W3siY3VzdG9tMSI6IjE5NzMtMjAyNCIsInJzeG1sIjoiPHJlY29yZD48cmVmLXR5cGU%2BMTI8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5XQSBEZXB0LiBvZiBFY29sb2d5LDwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEVjb2xvZ3ksIFN0YXRlIG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b248L2F1dGhvcj48L3NlY29uZGFyeS1hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM%2BPHRpdGxlPkxvbmctdGVybSBtYXJpbmUgd2F0ZXIgZGF0YTwvdGl0bGU%2BPC90aXRsZXM%2BPGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMjQ8L3llYXI%2BPC9kYXRlcz48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw%2BaHR0cHM6Ly9lY29sb2d5LndhLmdvdi9yZXNlYXJjaC1kYXRhL21vbml0b3JpbmctYXNzZXNzbWVudC9wdWdldC1zb3VuZC1hbmQtbWFyaW5lLW1vbml0b3Jpbmcvd2F0ZXItY29sdW1uLWRhdGE8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM%2BPGN1c3RvbTE%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%3D) and King County [(King County, 2024a, 2024b, 2024c)](https://web.endnote.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%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPktpbmcgQ291bnR5LDwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5LaW5nIENvdW50eSBNYXJpbmUgJmFtcDsgU2VkaW1lbnQgQXNzZXNzbWVudCBHcm91cDwvYXV0aG9yPjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM%2BPC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU%2BQ2VudHJhbCBQdWdldCBTb3VuZCBkYXRhLCAxOTY1LTIwMjM8L3RpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDI0PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM%2BPHVybHM%2BPHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHBzOi8vZ3JlZW4yLmtpbmdjb3VudHkuZ292L21hcmluZS88L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM%2BPGN1c3RvbTE%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%2BPHJlZi10eXBlPjEyPC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I%2BS2luZyBDb3VudHksPC9hdXRob3I%2BPC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM%2BPHRpdGxlPkhpc3RvcmljYWwgUHVnZXQgU291bmQgZGF0YSwgMTk2NS0yMDAwPC90aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM%2BPHllYXI%2BMjAyNDwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxjdXN0b20xPjE5NjUtMjAwMDwvY3VzdG9tMT48cmVjLWd1aWQ%2BMjJiYzViNjQtNDI2Ny00NTQ5LWE4N2QtZDVhMjYxNWFiZWZjPC9yZWMtZ3VpZD48cmVjLXVzbj4zMzQ8L3JlYy11c24%2BPC9yZWNvcmQ%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%2BPHJlZi10eXBlPjEyPC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I%2BS2luZyBDb3VudHksPC9hdXRob3I%2BPC9hdXRob3JzPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktYXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPktpbmcgQ291bnR5IFdhdGVyICZhbXA7IExhbmQgUmVzb3VyY2VzIERpdmlzaW9uPC9hdXRob3I%2BPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5QdWdldCBTb3VuZCB3YXRlciBxdWFsaXR5IG1vbml0b3JpbmcgZGF0YSwgMTk2NS0yMDI0PC90aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM%2BPHllYXI%2BMjAyNDwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM%2BPHVybD5odHRwczovL2RhdGEua2luZ2NvdW50eS5nb3YvRW52aXJvbm1lbnQtV2FzdGUtTWFuYWdlbWVudC9XYXRlci1RdWFsaXR5L3Z3bXQtcHZqdzwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMT4xOTY1LTIwMjQ8L2N1c3RvbTE%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPmFhYzE3YWY1LWY4ZDMtNGQ4Yi05MzcyLWZjOGM4MDk5ZWY5NzwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%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%3D) historical and modern monitoring datasets were used. NOAA National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI)’s Salish cruise datasets were also used, as part of the Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) [(Alin et al., 2021)](https://web.endnote.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%2BMTI8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcnM%2BPGF1dGhvcj5BbGluLCBTaW1vbmUgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk5ld3RvbiwgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkdyZWVsZXksIERhbmE8L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkN1cnJ5LCBCZXRoPC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5IZXJuZG9uLCBKdWxpYW48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPktvenlyLCBBbGV4PC9hdXRob3I%2BPGF1dGhvcj5GZWVseSwgUmljaGFyZCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BIGNvbXBpbGVkIGRhdGEgcHJvZHVjdCBvZiBwcm9maWxlLCBkaXNjcmV0ZSBiaW9nZW9jaGVtaWNhbCBtZWFzdXJlbWVudHMgZnJvbSAzNSBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIGNydWlzZSBkYXRhIHNldHMgY29sbGVjdGVkIGZyb20gYSB2YXJpZXR5IG9mIHNoaXBzIGluIHRoZSBzb3V0aGVybiBTYWxpc2ggU2VhIGFuZCBub3J0aGVybiBDYWxpZm9ybmlhIEN1cnJlbnQgU3lzdGVtIChXYXNoaW5ndG9uIHN0YXRlIG1hcmluZSB3YXRlcnMpIGZyb20gMjAwOC0wMi0wNCB0byAyMDE4LTEwLTE5IChOQ0VJIEFjY2Vzc2lvbiAwMjM4NDI0KTwvdGl0bGU%2BPC90aXRsZXM%2BPGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMjE8L3llYXI%2BPC9kYXRlcz48cHVibGlzaGVyPk5PQUEgTmF0aW9uYWwgQ2VudGVycyBmb3IgRW52aXJvbm1lbnRhbCBJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiAoTk9BQSBOQ0VJKTwvcHVibGlzaGVyPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM%2BPHVybD5odHRwczovL3d3dy5uY2VpLm5vYWEuZ292L2FjY2Vzcy9vY2Vhbi1jYXJib24tYWNpZGlmaWNhdGlvbi1kYXRhLXN5c3RlbS9vY2VhbnMvU2FsaXNoQ3J1aXNlX0RhdGFQYWNrYWdlLmh0bWw8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM%2BPGN1c3RvbTE%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%3D%3D). Further, air temperature data from NOAA Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) [(NOAA GHCN, 2018)](https://web.endnote.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%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPk5PQUEgR0hDTiw8L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM%2BPHNlY29uZGFyeS1hdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I%2BTk9BQSBOQ0VJPC9hdXRob3I%2BPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5EYWlseSB0ZW1wZXJhdHVyZSBtYXhpbWEgYW5kIG1pbmltYSBhdCBTZWF0dGxlLVRhY29tYSBJbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIEFpcnBvcnQgKEdIQ05EOlVTVzAwMDI0MjMzKTwvdGl0bGU%2BPC90aXRsZXM%2BPGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTg8L3llYXI%2BPC9kYXRlcz48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw%2BaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmNlaS5ub2FhLmdvdi9jZG8td2ViL2RhdGFzZXRzL0dIQ05EL3N0YXRpb25zL0dIQ05EOlVTVzAwMDI0MjMzL2RldGFpbDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMT4xOTQ4LTIwMTg8L2N1c3RvbTE%2BPHJlYy1ndWlkPmRmZTkzNjQ4LTBiY2YtNDExZi04YTA5LTA2YjM1YTU2YzA2NjwvcmVjLWd1aWQ%2BPHJlYy11c24%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%3D%3D) and river discharge data from USGS [(USGS, 2024)](https://web.endnote.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%2Fc2l0ZV9ubz0xMjIwMDUwMCJdLCJhdXRob3JzIjpbIlVTR1MiXSwicnN4bWwiOiI8cmVjb3JkPjxyZWYtdHlwZT4xMjwvcmVmLXR5cGU%2BPGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPlVTR1M8L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM%2BPHNlY29uZGFyeS1hdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I%2BVVNHUzwvYXV0aG9yPjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM%2BPC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM%2BPHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU%2BTW9udGhseSBkaXNjaGFyZ2UgZGF0YSBmb3IgdGhlIFNrYWdpdCBSaXZlciBuZWFyIE1vdW50IFZlcm5vbiAoVVNHUyAxMjIwMDUwMCk8L3RpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDI0PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM%2BPHVybHM%2BPHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHBzOi8vd2F0ZXJkYXRhLnVzZ3MuZ292L253aXMvaW52ZW50b3J5Lz9zaXRlX25vPTEyMjAwNTAwPC91cmw%2BPC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM%2BPC91cmxzPjxjdXN0b20xPjE5NDEtMjAyNDwvY3VzdG9tMT48cmVjLWd1aWQ%2BZTRkNTJlYzktYjY4Yy00MDVhLWIxYzktODEzNjZhYTMwMzkyPC9yZWMtZ3VpZD48cmVjLXVzbj4zNTY8L3JlYy11c24%2BPC9yZWNvcmQ%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%3D) were used. (Please see manuscript for formal citations.)