cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2fz1
title: The expression of care: alloparental care frequency predicts neural control of facial muscles in primates

description: The adaptive value of facial expressions has been debated in evolutionary
 biology ever since Darwin’s seminal work. Amongst mammals, primates,
 including humans, exhibit the most intricate facial displays. Although
 previous work has focused on the role of sociality in the evolution of
 primate facial expressions, this relationship has not been verified in a
 wide sample of species. Here, we examine the relationship between
 allomaternal care (paternal or alloparental) and the morphology of three
 orofacial brainstem nuclei (facial; trigeminal motor; hypoglossal) across
 primates to test the hypothesis that allomaternal care explains variation
 in the complexity of facial expressions, proxied by relative facial
 nucleus size and neuropil fraction. The latter represents the proportion
 of synaptically dense tissue and may, therefore, correlate with dexterity.
 We find that alloparental care frequency predicts relative neuropil
 fraction of the facial nucleus, even after controlling for social system
 organization, while allomaternal care is not associated with the
 trigeminal motor or hypoglossal nuclei. Overall, this work suggests that
 alloparenting requires increased facial dexterity to facilitate nonverbal
 communication between infants and their non-parent caregivers and/or
 between caregivers. Accordingly, alloparenting and complex facial
 expressions are likely to have co-evolved in primates. 
description: We collected: 1) volumes for the medulla and three brainstem
 nuclei (trigeminal motor: Vmo; facial: VII; hypoglossal: XII); and 2) the
 neuropil fraction for the same brainstem nuclei for 46 nonhuman primate
 species from Sherwood et al. (Sherwood et al., 2005). The neuropil
 fraction represents the proportion of an area that is not occupied by the
 projection profiles of all stained elements of tissue containing neuronal
 cell bodies and glial/endothelial nuclei. The data in Sherwood et
 al.  (Sherwood et al., 2005) were originally reported as Grey Level Index
 (GLI), which is the inverse of neuropil fraction. We converted GLI values
 by subtracting them from 100. Volumes were from the left side only, so
 values were doubled.  We collected continuous measures
 of paternal and alloparental care from Heldstab et al. (Heldstab et al.,
 2019), which supplemented the databases of Isler & van Shaik
 (Isler & van Schaik, 2012) and Heldstab et al. (Heldstab et al.,
 2017). We also collected categorical data on
 activity periods (i.e., the period(s) of the day during which an animal is
 most active; categories = diurnal (daytime), nocturnal (nighttime),
 cathemeral (daytime and nighttime)) and social system organization (i.e.,
 the composition and grouping patterns of individuals; categories
 = group-living, pair-living, solitary; this categorization scheme
 represents the three fundamental types of social organization
 (Kappeler, 2019)) from published literature sources
 (DeCasien & Higham, 2019).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8bh
title: Pulmonary function with expiratory resistive loading in healthy volunteers

description: Expiratory flow limitation is a key characteristic in obstructive
 pulmonary diseases. To study abnormal lung mechanics isolated from
 heterogeneities of obstructive disease, we measured pulmonary function in
 healthy adults with expiratory loading. Thirty-seven volunteers (25±5 yr)
 completed spirometry and body plethysmography under control and threshold
 expiratory loading of 7, 11 cmH2O, and a subset at 20 cmH2O (n=11). We
 analyzed the shape of the flow-volume relationship with rectangular area
 ratio (RAR; Ma et al., Respir Med 2010). Airway resistance was increased
 (p&lt;0.0001) with 7 and 11 cmH2O loading vs control (9.20±1.02 and
 11.76±1.68 vs. 2.53± 0.80 cmH2O/L/s). RAR was reduced (p=0.0319) in
 loading vs control (0.45±0.07 and 0.47±0.09L vs. 0.48±0.08). FEV1 was
 reduced (p&lt;0.0001) in loading vs control (3.24±0.81 and 3.23±0.80
 vs. 4.04±1.05 L). FVC was reduced (p&lt;0.0001) in loading vs control
 (4.11±1.01 and 4.14±1.03 vs. 5.03±1.34 L). Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was
 reduced (p&lt;0.0001) in loading vs control (6.03±1.67 and 6.02±1.84
 vs. 8.50±2.81 L/s). FEV1/FVC (p&lt;0.0068) was not clinically
 significant and FRC (p=0.4) was not different in loading vs control.
 Supra-physiologic loading at 20 cmH2O did not result in further
 limitation. Expiratory loading reduced FEV1, FVC, PEF, but there were no
 clinically meaningful differences in FEV1/FVC, FRC, or RAR. Imposed
 expiratory loading likely leads to high airway pressures that resist
 dynamic airway compression. Thus, a concave expiratory flow-volume
 relationship was consistently absent – a key limitation for model
 comparison with pulmonary function in COPD. Threshold loading may be a
 useful strategy to increase work of breathing or induce dynamic
 hyperinflation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31165703
title: Additional file 1 of Selective neuronal restoration of progranulin does not prevent the frontotemporal dementia like-phenotype of progranulin knockout mice

description: Supplementary Material 1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31165703.v1
title: Additional file 1 of Selective neuronal restoration of progranulin does not prevent the frontotemporal dementia like-phenotype of progranulin knockout mice

description: Supplementary Material 1.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqr1
title: Landscape structure shapes the diversity of tree seedlings at multiple spatial scales in a fragmented tropical rainforest

description: The maintenance of seedling diversity of animal-dispersed tree species is
 fundamental for the structure and function of forest patches in fragmented
 tropical rainforests. Nonetheless, the effects of landscape structure at
 different spatial scales on α- and β-diversity of tree seedling
 communities are recently explored. Using a multi-scale approach, we
 assessed the relative effect of landscape composition and configuration on
 α- and β-diversity of animal-dispersed seedlings within 16 forest patches
 in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We assessed these effects at 13
 spatial scales (from 300 to 1500 m radius, at 100 m intervals) for three
 metrics of effective number of species considering α- and β-diversity. We
 found that α-diversity was largely affected by landscape composition and
 β-diversity by landscape configuration. On the one hand, the amount of
 secondary forest influenced α-diversity. Additionally, species richness
 increased in landscapes with highly aggregated forest patches. On the
 other hand, β-diversity was affected positively by forest fragmentation
 and negatively by the edge contrast of forest patches with the surrounding
 matrix. Our findings indicate that landscape configuration is a strong
 driver of seedling diversity in highly deforested rainforests.
description: We selected 16 old-growth forest patches, ranging from 1 ha to 63
 ha. Patches were sampled by 1-ha blocks placed at the center of each
 forest patch. Each block contained ten 1-m<sup>2</sup> plots
 randomly arranged in groups of two or three plots along five equidistant
 transects (20 m apart). For 1-ha forest patches, we never positioned plots
 at the edge in order to have a 20-m buffer zone of vegetation that protect
 them from edge effects as much as possible. Within each
 1-m<sup>2</sup> plot we counted and identified all tree
 seedlings (10-100 cm height) to the lowest possible taxonomic level with
 the help of a local parataxonomist and field guides. When field
 identification was not possible, we took samples for identification at
 herbariums (MEXU, ECO-SC-H). We determined the dispersal syndrome of each
 species, based on their fruits and seed morphology. This study did not
 involve the extraction or damage of endangered species. We based our
 analyses on animal-dispersed tree species only because they comprise up to
 90% of the seed rain in rainforests. Plant nomenclature followed the
 Missouri Botanical Garden database Tropicos.
description: Values refer to abundance per 1 m-2 plot. The first column
 indicates the ID of the plot.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrpg
title: Chronic selection for early reproductive phenology in an annual plant across a steep, elevational gradient of growing season length

description: Colonisation along ubiquitous gradients of growing season length should
 require adaptation of phenological traits, driven by natural selection.
 While phenology often varies with season length and genetic
 differentiation in phenological traits sometimes seems adaptive, few
 studies test whether natural selection is responsible for these patterns.
 The annual plant Rhinanthus minor is genetically differentiated for
 phenology across a 1000-m elevational gradient of growing season length in
 the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We estimated phenotypic selection on five
 phenological traits for three generations of naturally occurring
 individuals at 12 sites (n = 10112), and two generations of genetically
 and phenotypically more variable transplanted populations at nine of these
 sites (n = 24611). Selection was weak for most traits, but consistently
 favoured early flowering across the gradient rather than only under short
 seasons. There was no evidence that apparent selection favouring early
 reproduction arose from failure to consider all components of fitness, or
 variation in other correlated phenological traits. Instead, selection for
 earlier flowering may be balanced by selection for strong cogradient
 phenological plasticity which indirectly favours later flowering. However,
 this probably does not explain the consistency of selection on flowering
 time across this steep elevational gradient of growing season length.
description: Full data collection details are available in the related
 manuscript. The data herein were distilled from raw repeat visits to
 individual plants across each growing season.
description: Full details in attached README file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w6m905qpj
title: Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein

description: Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk.
 However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive
 results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool to estimate
 population-level SARS-CoV-2 exposure. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody
 results have been associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this
 association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from
 malaria-endemic countries. Here, pre-pandemic samples from eight malaria
 endemic and non-endemic countries and four continents were tested by ELISA
 to measure SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 subunit reactivity. Individuals with acute
 malaria infection generated substantial reactivity to SARS-CoV-2.
 Cross-reactivity was not associated with reactivity to other human
 coronaviruses or other SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as measured by peptide and
 protein arrays. ELISAs with deglycosylated and desialated Spike S1
 subunits revealed that cross-reactive antibodies target sialic acid on
 N-linked glycans of the Spike protein. The functional activity of
 cross-reactive antibodies measured by neutralization assays showed that
 cross-reactive antibodies did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Since
 routine use of heavily glycosylated or sialated assays could result in
 false positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results in malaria endemic regions,
 which could overestimate exposure and population-level immunity, we
 explored methods to increase specificity by reducing cross-reactivity.
 Overestimating population-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could lead to
 underestimates of risk of continued COVID-19 transmission in sub-Saharan
 Africa.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z612jm6c2
title: Night warming alters mean warming effects on predator-prey interactions by modifying predator demographics and interaction strengths

description: Temperatures are increasing globally, but this increase is not
 symmetrical: instead, nighttime minimum air temperatures increase faster
 than daytime maximum temperatures. However, we still know little about
 when and how this differential increase in maximum vs. minimum air
 temperatures affects ecological interactions between species.
 Understanding the connection between different types (night vs day) of
 warming and interspecific interactions is essential to predict the
 ecological consequences of climate change for natural ecosystems. Here we
 used experiments in a common predator (lady beetle) - prey (aphid) system
 to examine how night warming, thermal regime (constant vs. fluctuating)
 and prey density influence demographic rates and per capita feeding rate
 and thus predation pressure. We mainly focused on the demographic
 variables and prey consumption as well as energy-related variables of the
 predators to understand how changes in nighttime temperature, temperature
 regime and prey density affect predator performances and to differentiate
 these effects between constant and fluctuating thermal conditions. We
 found that warming effects on most of the individual demographic rates and
 per-capita consumption rates of the predator differed between constant and
 fluctuating regimes. These differences scaled up to alter population
 stage-structure and population growth rate of the predator and ultimately
 the predation pressure in our system. Furthermore, warming had stronger
 and negative consequences on predator population growth and thus predation
 pressure in constant regime, but little or even positive effects under
 fluctuating conditions. Importantly, these results are consistent across
 prey densities. Our results suggest that compared to night warming,
 predictions based on mean warming can under- or overestimate species
 demographic rates and per-capita predation effects, causing inaccurate or
 even misleading expectations on population structure, long-term population
 growth and interspecific interactions. These results emphasize the
 importance of accounting for both ecologically relevant diurnal
 temperature cycle and lifetime-long demographics and per-capita
 consumption when assessing how warming affects interspecific interactions.
 Our findings thus provide better understanding of how night warming will
 affect predator-prey interactions and energy flux within trophic cascades
 and also have implications for predicting the consequences of top-down
 control in natural and agricultural ecosystems under climate change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn8tb
title: Is zooplankton body size an indicator of water quality in (sub)tropical reservoirs in China?

description: Large zooplankton can efficiently graze on algae and thereby improve water
 quality. However, zooplankton body size is considered to decrease with
 decreasing latitude because of the high fish predation and warm
 temperatures at lower latitudes. To explore how fish stocking has
 destabilized the trophic cascade and influenced water quality along a
 latitudinal gradient of reservoirs, we compared zooplankton body size and
 trophic cascades to water quality indicators in the subtropical Lake
 Qiandaohu and in tropical Guangdong reservoirs. The results showed that
 the body length and total biomass of the dominant zooplankton in Lake
 Qiandaohu were much larger than those of zooplankton in the Guangdong
 reservoirs. Moreover, fish predation was the key factor influencing the
 changes in zooplankton body size and total biomass in Lake Qiandaohu. In
 the Guangdong reservoirs, water temperature and total phosphorus (TP) were
 the pivotal drivers of zooplankton body size and biomass, respectively. In
 addition, structural equation models (SEMs) showed that the decreasing
 zooplankton body size and biomass under fish pressure weakened the grazing
 pressure on phytoplankton and indirectly contributed to the low water
 clarity in Lake Qiandaohu. However, fish had little influence on the
 inefficient algal grazing of zooplankton in the Guangdong reservoirs.
 Overall, zooplankton can function as an indicator of water quality in
 fish-controlled subtropical reservoirs but not in nutrient-controlled
 tropical reservoirs.
description: Inventory of the water bodies in Lake Qiandaohu and the Guangdong reservoirs, their location, biomass of aquatic organisms such as fish, zooplankron and phytoplankton, and some environmental variables of TN, TP, SD and water temperature  based on a field survey and the published literatures.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31165751
title: Additional file 2 of omnideconv: a unifying framework for using and benchmarking single-cell-informed deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data

description: Additional file 2: All supplementary tables for this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31165751.v1
title: Additional file 2 of omnideconv: a unifying framework for using and benchmarking single-cell-informed deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data

description: Additional file 2: All supplementary tables for this study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0zpc866xf
title: Data from: An empirical test of bet-hedging polyandry hypothesis in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

description: Theory shows that polyandry (mating with multiple males within a
 reproductive season) works as bet-hedging to increase the geometric mean
 fitness (GMF) of polyandrous genotype over generations and avoid
 extinction but it was rarely tested empirically. In this study, we
 distributed the eggs of Gryllus bimaculatus females mated with 1~4 males
 (mating treatment) into 4 petri dishes with different conditions:
 25°C/fresh water, 37°C/fresh water, 25°C/salt water, 37°C/salt water,
 simulating 4 clutches laid at the different sites are suffered
 environmental change. The egg hatching rate were obtained over 7 blocks
 with different females for each mating treatment. In general,
 significantly more eggs hatched in 25°C than 37°C and in fresh water than
 salt water. The reproductive failure (no hatched eggs per petri dish)
 frequently occurred in monandry and 2-male polyandry. Next, we considered
 7 blocks as the successive 7 virtual generations and calculated the
 within-generation arithmetic mean fitness (AMF) among females of the same
 treatment and the between-generation GMF of the AMF across 7 generations.
 Randomization test shows that the GMF of 3- and 4-male polyandry were
 significantly higher than monandry. This study shows that the risk from
 mating only once can be avoided by polyandrous mating as bet-hedging.
description: See the paper.
description: Out of collected eggs (200 eggs from a mother as a standard), the
 number of fertilized, eye-spot appeared and hatched eggs are recorded. The
 procedures to calculate and compare within-generation (between-mothers)
 arithmetic mean fitness and between-generation geometric mean fitness for
 monandrous and 2~4 male polyandrous strategies across 7 blocks (virtual
 generations) are shown.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fj6q573v2
title: Code in support of: Physical and chemical mechanisms that influence the electrical conductivity of lignin-derived biochar

description: Lignin-derived biochar is a promising, sustainable alternative to
 petroleum-based carbon powders (e.g., carbon black) for electrode and
 energy storage applications. Prior studies of these biochars demonstrate
 that high electrical conductivity and good capacitive behavior are
 achievable. These studies also show high variability in electrical
 conductivity between biochars (~10^-2-10^2 S/cm). The underlying
 mechanisms that lead to desirable electrical properties in these
 lignin-derived biochars are poorly understood. In this work, we examine
 the causes of the variation in conductivity of lignin-derived biochar to
 optimize the electrical conductivity of lignin-derived biochars. To this
 end, we produced biochar from three different lignins, a whole biomass
 source (wheat stem), and cellulose at two pyrolysis temperatures (900 C,
 1100  C). These biochars have a similar range of conductivities
 (0.002 to 18.51 S/cm) to what has been reported in the literature. Results
 from examining the relationship between chemical and physical biochar
 properties and electrical conductivity indicate that decreases in oxygen
 content and changes in particle size are associated with increases in
 electrical conductivity. Lignin isolated with an acidification process
 yielded biochar with higher electrical conductivity than lignin isolated
 with sulfate processes. These findings indicate how lignin composition and
 processing may be further selected and optimized to target specific
 energy-related applications.
description: This code was produced by Rachel Ulrich for the statistical
 analysis presented in the article. Please see the methods and Supplemental
 Methods for a complete description of the statistical model applied in
 this code. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2021.100088
description: This code is written in R and is designed to run in
 RStudio Version 1.4.1106<br> <br> emmeans, lmerTest, lme4, and
 Matrix packages are required to run this code, (see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2021.100088 for full citations of these packages).