cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.33kh1
title: Data from: Eye and head movements are complementary in visual selection

description: In the natural environment, visual selection is accomplished by a system
 of nested effectors, moving the head and body within space and the eyes
 within the visual field. However, it is not yet known if the principles of
 selection for these different effectors are the same or different. We used
 a novel gaze-contingent display in which an asymmetric window of
 visibility (a horizontal or vertical slot) was yoked to either head or eye
 position. Participants showed highly systematic changes in behaviour,
 revealing clear differences in the principles underlying selection by eye
 and head. Eye movements were more likely to move in the direction of
 visible information—horizontally when viewing with a horizontal slot, and
 vertically with a vertical slot. Head movements showed the opposite and
 complementary pattern, moving to reveal new information (e.g. vertically
 with a horizontal slot and vice versa). These results are consistent with
 a nested system in which the head favours exploration of unknown regions,
 while the eye exploits what can be seen with finer-scale saccades.
description: Angular Distribution for
 Eye and Head MovementsDistribution of gaze
 shift angles during scene viewing. Indoor and outdoor scenes were viewed
 for ten seconds through gaze-contingent windows controlled by either the
 eye or the head. Windows could be Open (no window), Square (equal
 horizontal and vertical span), Horizontal (greater horizontal span), or
 Vertical (greater vertical span). Gaze shift angles were classified into
 16 equal pi/8 bins, and the data indicate the proportion of shifts in each
 bin. In addition, angles were more broadly classified as horizontal (+/-
 3pi/16 from the horizontal axis) or vertical (+/- 3pi/16 from the vertical
 axis), and the horizontal bias (H_bias) was calculated as the proportion
 of horizontal gaze shifts divided by the sum of horizontal and vertical
 shifts.SolmanFoulshamKingstone_DistributionData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dm3
title: Data from: Association between rainfall seasonality and the flowering of epiphytic plants in a Neotropical montane forest

description: The association between the reproductive phenology of epiphytic
 communities with environmental and ecological factors remains largely
 unexplored. Because epiphytes depend on environmental moisture, seasonal
 changes in moisture conditions likely act as the primary determinants of
 their reproductive timing. We examined whether water limitation or
 pollinator competition structures the flowering phenologies of an
 epiphytic community in a seasonal mountain forest in Costa Rica.
 Additionally, we addressed the environmental factors that might trigger
 floral induction. Using a 24-month dataset of bimonthly flowering records
 from 104 species, we found high seasonality of flowering at the species
 level but somewhat lower seasonality at the community level. The flowering
 mid-dates of most epiphytes, particularly from monocotyledonous species,
 occurred during the wettest months, as predicted if water limitation
 structures flowering. The increased moisture and nutrient availability
 during the rainy season give epiphytes the resources needed to complete
 floral development and anthesis, and later fruit and seed maturation. The
 observed flowering pattern of epiphytes coincides with reproductive
 patterns of terrestrial herbs and shrubs from seasonal tropical
 ecosystems, and suggests shared constraints to sexual reproduction in both
 ecological guilds under similar climatic conditions. In contrast,
 flowering patterns of congeneric epiphytes in the same pollination guild
 mostly did not follow the expectations of a pollinator competition
 scenario. Finally, we discuss the possible combined effect of
 precipitation, temperature, and daily insolation on floral induction of
 epiphytic plants.
description: Flowering data of
 epiphytic plantsPhenology data from 104
 epiphytic species. Data are frequency of flowering plants per species and
 census date. Data collected on a bimonthly frequency over two years (2012
 and 2013).Flowering phenology data of
 epiphytes.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kj424
title: Data from: Stimulus discriminability may bias value-based probabilistic learning

description: Reinforcement learning tasks are often used to assess participants'
 tendency to learn more from the positive or more from the negative
 consequences of one's action. However, this assessment often requires
 comparison in learning performance across different task conditions, which
 may differ in the relative salience or discriminability of the stimuli
 associated with more and less rewarding outcomes, respectively. To address
 this issue, in a first set of studies, participants were subjected to two
 versions of a common probabilistic learning task. The two versions
 differed with respect to the stimulus (Hiragana) characters associated
 with reward probability. The assignment of character to reward probability
 was fixed within version but reversed between versions. We found that
 performance was highly influenced by task version, which could be
 explained by the relative perceptual discriminability of characters
 assigned to high or low reward probabilities, as assessed by a separate
 discrimination experiment. Participants were more reliable in selecting
 rewarding characters that were more discriminable, leading to differences
 in learning curves and their sensitivity to reward probability. This
 difference in experienced reinforcement history was accompanied by
 performance biases in a test phase assessing ability to learn from
 positive vs. negative outcomes. In a subsequent large-scale web-based
 experiment, this impact of task version on learning and test measures was
 replicated and extended. Collectively, these findings imply a key role for
 perceptual factors in guiding reward learning and underscore the need to
 control stimulus discriminability when making inferences about individual
 differences in reinforcement learning.
description: Probabilistic selection
 task data_ Exp1A_Fig2a_Fig3aData corresponds to
 experiment 1A and Figure 2A/3A.Probabilistic selection
 task data_ Exp1B_Fig2b_Fig3b_Schutte_etalData corresponds to
 Experiment 1B and Figure 2B/3B.Reaction time data_
 Exp2_Fig5_Schutte_etalData corresponds to
 Experiment 2 and Figure 5Probabilistic selection
 task data_Exp3_Fig6_Fig7Data corresponds to
 experiment 3 and Figure 6 and 7.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p94d8
title: Data from: Evidence of trait shifts in response to forest disturbance in Taiwanese Carabus masuzoi (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

description: Shifts of functional traits are important because phenotypic responses of
 species to environmental changes caused by natural and anthropogenic
 disturbances are fundamental in determining the risk of population
 extinction. This study tested the effect of forest thinning on the body
 shape and male genital size of an endemic ground beetle species Carabus
 masuzoi (Imura and Satô 1989) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in cypress
 plantations started approximately 30 years ago in central Taiwan. The
 beetles were sampled and compared from (1) natural broadleaf forest, (2)
 non-thinned cypress plantation, and (3) 45% thinned cypress plantation.
 Female prothorax length from the non-thinned plantation was significantly
 greater than that of the natural forest, and the 45% thinned plantation
 had a higher frequency of the small (S-type) and a lower frequency of the
 large (L-type) male genitalia than in the natural forest. The results
 indicated that, within a short ecological time frame, the prothorax shapes
 and male genital sizes of C. masuzoi populations might respond to changes
 induced by different forest types and forest thinning, respectively. We
 hypothesized that the difference in thoracic shape was related to
 locomotory ability in forest understories, whereas the changes in male
 genital sizes might have been a result of different levels of
 intraspecific sexual selection, random effects of population
 fluctuations/dispersal or pleiotropy.
description: landmark
 morphometricsAppendix 1
 20180122These data are also
 provided in Excel format.Appendix 1
 20180122These data are also
 provided in CSV format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5p19k
title: Data from: Novel host plant leads to the loss of sexual dimorphism in a sexually-selected male weapon

description: In this time of massive global change, species are now frequently
 interacting with novel players. Greater insight into the impact of these
 novel interactions on traits linked to fitness is essential, because
 effects on these traits can hinder population existence or promote rapid
 adaptation. Sexually-selected weapons and ornaments frequently influence
 fitness and often have heightened condition-dependence in response to
 nutrition. Condition-dependence in response to different ecological
 conditions, a form of developmental plasticity, may be responsible for
 much of the intraspecific variation in sexually selected ornaments and
 weapons in wild populations. Here we examined the consequences of
 developing on a novel plant for the expression of size and shape in the
 leaf-footed cactus bug Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The males of
 this species possess enlarged, sexually-dimorphic femurs on their hind
 legs. These legs are used as weapons in male-male contests. Females are
 typically larger in overall body size. Our study revealed that developing
 upon a novel host can lead to pronounced phenotypically plastic change in
 sexually-dimorphic traits. Male hind femurs were greatly impacted by the
 novel diet to the extent that the sexual dimorphism in hind femurs was
 lost. Further, dimorphism in body size increased, as males became tiny
 adults while females better maintained their body size. These patterns
 underscore the complex effects that novel species interactions may have on
 sexual phenotypes.
description: Allen&Miller_SupportingDataThis is trait size data of Narnia femorata (Coreidae) reared in lab conditions under two different fruit diets. BugID=individual insects ID number. Host=fruit diet, local or novel. Sex=female or male. Traits: PW=pronotum width, HL=head length, BL=beak length, HFL=hind femur length, HFW=hind femur width, HFA=hind femur area, HTA=hind tibia area, FFL=front femur length.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.th0v8td
title: Data from: Taxonomic status and distribution of Mirabilis himalaica (Nyctaginaceae)

description: Mirabilis himalaica (Nyctaginaceae) is endemic to the Himalayas where it
 is used in traditional Tibetan folk medicine and is the only Old World
 representative of a large New World genus. The systematic position of M.
 himalaica and historical biogeography of Mirabilis and related genera was
 evaluated using two loci (nrITS, rps16), with divergence times estimated
 using ITS sequences. All 16 sampled provenances of M. himalaica formed a
 strongly supported terminal clade and at the sectional level formed a
 clade with sect. Quamoclidion sensu stricto, despite their morphology.
 Sect. Oxybaphoides and sect. Oxybaphus were not closely related to M.
 himalaica, suggesting their apparent morphological similarities are
 convergent. BEAST analysis and ancestral area reconstruction indicated
 that M. himalaica separated from related North American species during the
 late Miocene to early Pleistocene ~5.22 Ma (95 % HPD: 2.53–8.18). Both
 migration via the Quaternary Bering land bridge (Beringia) and
 long-distance dispersal may have contributed to the present-day
 disjunction between M. himalaica and the American species. These results
 agree with previous studies that suggest Oxybaphus should be merged into
 Mirabilis. However, although the infrageneric position of M. himalaica is
 still uncertain, it is not close to sect. Oxybaphus as has been suggested
 previously.
description: sequencesITS and rps16 sequences of Mirabilis himalaicaanalysesBayesian, maximum likelihood, and Beast analyses related files
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13f18
title: Data from: Antibiotic resistance correlates with transmission in plasmid evolution

description: Conjugative (horizontally transmissible) plasmids are autonomous
 replicators, whose ‘self-interests’ do not necessarily overlap with those
 of their hosts. This situation causes plasmids and bacteria to sometimes
 experience differing selection pressures. Escherichia coli plasmid pB15
 contains genes for resistance to several antibiotics, including
 tetracycline. When plasmid-bearing cells were experimentally evolved in
 the laboratory, changes in resistance level in the unselected tetracycline
 marker coincided with changes in plasmid rates of vertical versus
 horizontal transmission. Here we used minimum-inhibitory assays that
 measure resistance levels as quantitative traits to determine phenotypic
 correlations among plasmid characters and to estimate divergence among
 plasmid lineages. Results suggested that plasmid-level evolution led to
 formation of two phenotypically-dissimilar groups: virulent (highly
 infectious) and avirulent (weakly infectious) plasmids. In contrast,
 measures of carbon-source utilization, and fitness assays relative to a
 common competitor revealed that bacterial hosts generally converged in
 phenotypic performance, despite divergence among their associated
 plasmids. Preliminary sequence analyses suggested that divergence in
 plasmid conjugation was due to altered configurations of a shufflon region
 (a site-specific recombination system), where genetic rearrangements
 affect conjugative ability. Furthermore, we proposed that correlated
 resistance and transmission in pB15 derivatives were caused by a
 tetracycline-resistance transposon inserted into a transfer operon,
 allowing transcription from its promoter to simultaneously affect both
 plasmid resistance and transmission.
description: Etest
 TetracyclineKBDD Tetracycline and
 NeomycinConjugation
 ratesGlucose and Maltose
 Fitness
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kh7nt
title: Data from: More, smaller bacteria in response to ocean's warming?

description: Heterotrophic bacteria play a major role in organic matter cycling in the
 ocean. Although the high abundances and relatively fast growth rates of
 coastal surface bacterioplankton make them suitable sentinels of global
 change, past analyses have largely overlooked this functional group. Here,
 time series analysis of a decade of monthly observations in temperate
 Atlantic coastal waters revealed strong seasonal patterns in the
 abundance, size and biomass of the ubiquitous flow-cytometric groups of
 low (LNA) and high nucleic acid (HNA) content bacteria. Over this
 relatively short period, we also found that bacterioplankton cells were
 significantly smaller, a trend that is consistent with the hypothesized
 temperature-driven decrease in body size. Although decadal cell shrinking
 was observed for both groups, it was only LNA cells that were strongly
 coherent, with ecological theories linking temperature, abundance and
 individual size on both the seasonal and interannual scale. We explain
 this finding because, relative to their HNA counterparts, marine LNA
 bacteria are less diverse, dominated by members of the SAR11 clade.
 Temperature manipulation experiments in 2012 confirmed a direct effect of
 warming on bacterial size. Concurrent with rising temperatures in spring,
 significant decadal trends of increasing standing stocks (3% per year)
 accompanied by decreasing mean cell size (−1% per year) suggest a major
 shift in community structure, with a larger contribution of LNA bacteria
 to total biomass. The increasing prevalence of these typically
 oligotrophic taxa may severely impact marine food webs and carbon fluxes
 by an overall decrease in the efficiency of the biological pump.
description: Bacterioplankton decadal
 time-seriesBacterioplankton
 abundance, cell size and biomass for the RADIALES time-series of Xixón
 (Spain), soutthern Bay of Biscay (2002-2012)Moran et al PRSB
 dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8631
title: Data from: Signatures of selection acting on the innate immunity gene Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) during the evolutionary history of rodents

description: Patterns of selection acting on immune defence genes have recently been
 the focus of considerable interest. Yet, when it comes to vertebrates,
 studies have mainly focused on the acquired branch of the immune system.
 Consequently, the direction and strength of selection acting on genes of
 the vertebrate innate immune defence remain poorly understood. Here, we
 present a molecular analysis of selection on an important receptor of the
 innate immune system of vertebrates, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),
 across 17 rodent species. Although purifying selection was the prevalent
 evolutionary force acting on most parts of the rodent TLR2, we found that
 codons in close proximity to pathogen-binding and TLR2–TLR1
 heterodimerization sites have been subject to positive selection. This
 indicates that parasite-mediated selection is not restricted to acquired
 immune system genes like the major histocompatibility complex, but also
 affects innate defence genes. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of
 evolutionary processes in host–parasite systems, both innate and acquired
 immunity thus need to be considered.
description: Tschirren_TLR2sequencesDNA sequences of the entire coding region of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene of Myodes glareolus, Myodes rutilus, Myodes smithii, Myodes andersoni, Myodes rufocanus, Myodes rex, Chionomys nivalis, Microtus agrestis, Microtus arvalis, Microtus oeconomus, Arvicola amphibius, Apodemus alpicola, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1t0h0
title: Data from: Embryonic developmental temperatures modulate thermal acclimation of performance curves in tadpoles of the frog Limnodynastes peronii

description: Performance curves of physiological rates are not fixed, and determining
 the extent to which thermal performance curves can change in response to
 environmental signals is essential to understand the effect of climate
 variability on populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether
 and how temperatures experienced during early embryonic development affect
 thermal performance curves of later life history stages in the frog
 Limnodynastes peronii. We tested the hypotheses that a) the embryonic
 environment affects mean trait values only; b) temperature at which
 performance of tadpoles is maximal shifts with egg incubation temperatures
 so that performance is maximised at the incubation temperatures, and c)
 incubation temperatures modulate the capacity for reversible acclimation
 in tadpoles. Growth rates were greater in warm (25°C) compared to cold
 (15°C) acclimated (6 weeks) tadpoles regardless of egg developmental
 temperatures (15°C or 25°C, representing seasonal means). The breadth of
 the performance curve of burst locomotor performance (measured at 10, 15,
 20, 25, and 30°C, representing annual range) is greatest when egg
 developmental and acclimation temperatures coincide. The mode of the
 performance curves shifted with acclimation conditions and maximum
 performance was always at higher temperatures than acclimation conditions.
 Performance curves of glycolytic (lactate dehydrogenase activities) and
 mitochondrial (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) enzymes were
 modulated by interactions between egg incubation and acclimation
 temperatures. Lactate dehydrogenase activity paralleled patterns seen in
 burst locomotor performance, but oxygen consumption rates and
 mitochondrial enzyme activities did not mirror growth or locomotor
 performance. We show that embryonic developmental conditions can modulate
 performance curves of later life-history stages, thereby conferring
 flexibility to respond to environmental conditions later in life.
description: Seebacher and
 Grigaltchik_data for PLoS ONERaw data used in this
 publication in an Excel file. The key to data columns is provided on the
 first page of the Excel spreadsheet.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hn5md92
title: Data from: Geographic variation of body size in new world anurans: energy and water in a balance

description: The validity of Bergmann's rule, perhaps the best known
 ecogeographical rule, has been questioned for ectothermic species. Here,
 we explore the interspecific version of the rule documenting body size
 gradients for anurans across the whole New World and evaluating which
 environmental variables best explain the observed patterns. We assembled a
 dataset of body sizes for 2761 anuran species of the Western Hemisphere
 and conducted assemblage-based and cross-species analyses that consider
 the spatial and phylogenetic structure in the data. In accordance with
 heat and water-related explanations for body size clines, we found a
 consistent association of median body size and potential
 evapotranspiration across the New World. A relevant role of water
 availability also emerges, suggesting the joint importance of body size
 for thermoregulation and hydroregulation in anurans. Anurans do not follow
 a simple Bergmannian pattern of increasing size towards high latitudes.
 Consistent with previous regional findings, our Hemisphere-wide analyses
 detect that the geographic variation in anuran body sizes is highly
 dependent on a trade-off between heat and water balance. The observed
 size-climate relationships possibly emerge from the interplay between
 thermoregulatory abilities and the benefits inherent to reduced
 surface-to-volume ratios in larger species, which decrease the rates of
 evaporative water loss and favour heat retention. Our results also show
 how temperature becomes important for species that are directly in contact
 with the substrate and water, like burrowing and terrestrial anurans,
 while arboreal species exhibit a body size cline linked with potential
 evapotranspiration.
description: SVL_Amadoetal2018Snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 1233 anuran species from the New World
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ns141
title: Data from: The effect of brain size evolution on feeding propensity, digestive efficiency and juvenile growth

description: One key hypothesis in the study of brain size evolution is the expensive
 tissue hypothesis; the idea that increased investment into the brain
 should be compensated by decreased investment into other costly organs,
 for instance the gut. While the hypothesis is supported by both
 comparative and experimental evidence, little is known about the potential
 changes in energetic requirements or digestive traits following such
 evolutionary shifts in brain and gut size. Organisms may meet the greater
 metabolic requirements of larger brains despite smaller guts via increased
 food intake or better digestion. But increased investment in the brain may
 also hamper somatic growth. To test these hypotheses we here used guppy
 (Poecilia reticulata) brain size selection lines with a pronounced
 negative association between brain and gut size and investigated feeding
 propensity, digestive efficiency, and juvenile growth rate. We did not
 find any difference in feeding propensity or digestive efficiency between
 large- and small-brained individuals. Instead, we found that large-brained
 females had slower growth during the first ten weeks after birth. Our
 study provides experimental support that investment into larger brains at
 the expense of gut tissue carries costs that are not necessarily
 compensated by a more efficient digestive system.
description: Growth, feeding, and
 digestive efficiencyAllData.xlsx