cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x36
title: Attention recruits frontal cortex in human infants

description: Young infants learn about the world by overtly shifting their attention to
 perceptually salient events. In adults, attention recruits several brain
 regions spanning the frontal and parietal lobes. However, it is unclear
 whether these regions are sufficiently mature in infancy to support
 attention and, more generally, how infant attention is supported by the
 brain. We used event-related fMRI in 24 sessions from 20 awake behaving
 infants 3–12 months old while they performed a child-friendly attentional
 cuing task. A target was presented to either the left or right of the
 infant's fixation and offline gaze coding was used to measure the
 latency with which they saccaded to the target. To manipulate attention, a
 brief cue was presented before the target in three conditions: on the same
 side as the upcoming target (valid), on the other side (invalid), or on
 both sides (neutral). All infants were faster to look at the target on
 valid versus invalid trials, with valid faster than neutral and invalid
 slower than neutral, indicating that the cues effectively captured
 attention. We then compared the fMRI activity evoked by these trial types.
 Regions of adult attention networks activated more strongly for invalid
 than valid trials, particularly frontal regions. Neither behavioral nor
 neural effects varied by infant age within the first year, suggesting that
 these regions may function early in development to support the orienting
 of attention. Together, this furthers our mechanistic understanding of how
 the infant brain controls the allocation of attention. 
description: Please refer to the manuscript for details. Citation: Ellis, C.
 T., Skalaban, L. J., Yates, T. S., & Turk-Browne, N. B. (2021)
 Attention recruits frontal cortex in human infants. <em>Proceedings
 of the National Academy of Sciences. 118</em>, e2021474118. doi:
 10.1073/pnas.2021474118
description: Please refer to the README for guidance on how to use this
 data Note from Aug 19th, 2021: Note that the burn-in
 information for each of the raw runs was not previously provided. This has
 now also been uploaded. The README was edited to include this information
 but otherwise, nothing else was changed.<br>
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbn1
title: Heterothermy as a mechanism to offset energetic costs of environmental and homeostatic perturbations

description: Environmental and biotic pressures impose homeostatic costs on all
 organisms. The energetic costs of maintaining high body temperatures (Tb)
 render endotherms sensitive to pressures that increase foraging costs. In
 response, some mammals become more heterothermic to conserve energy. We
 measured Tb in banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) to test
 and disentangle the effects of air temperature and moonlight (a proxy for
 predation risk) on thermoregulatory homeostasis. We further perturbed
 homeostasis in some animals with chronic corticosterone (CORT) via
 silastic implants. Heterothermy increased across summer, consistent with
 the predicted effect of lunar illumination (and predation), and in the
 direction opposite to the predicted effect of environmental temperatures.
 The effect of lunar illumination was also evident within nights as animals
 maintained low Tb when the moon was above the horizon. The pattern was
 accentuated in CORT-treated animals, suggesting they adopted an even
 further heightened risk-avoidance strategy that might impose reduced
 foraging and energy intake. Still, CORT-treatment did not affect body
 condition over the entire study, indicating kangaroo rats offset decreases
 in energy intake through energy savings associated with heterothermy.
 Environmental conditions receive the most attention in studies of
 thermoregulatory homeostasis, but we demonstrated here that biotic factors
 can be more important and should be considered in future studies.
description: This data includes the r script for analyzing HI values as well
 as calculating activity time.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqjth
title: Swift parrot data including the sex of offspring and their hatch order

description: Most species produce equal numbers of sons and daughters, and sex
 differences in survival after parental care do not usually affect this
 pattern. Temporary overproduction of the scarcer sex can be adaptive when
 generations overlap, the sexes differ in life history expectations, and
 parents can anticipate future mating opportunities. However an alternative
 strategy of maximising the competitiveness of the more abundant sex in
 these circumstances remains unexplored. We develop theory showing how
 mothers can maximise reproductive value when future mate competition will
 be high by producing more sons in the advantageous early hatching
 positions within their broods. Our model for optimal birth order was
 supported by long term data of offspring sex in a parrot facing
 catastrophic female mortality caused by introduced predators. Swift
 parrots (Lathamus discolor) suffer high female mortality due to introduced
 sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) creating fluctuating male biased adult
 sex ratios. Offspring hatched early within broods fledged in better
 condition, and in support of our model were more likely to be male in
 years with higher adult female mortality. We found a highly significant
 rank-order correlation between observed and predicted birth sex ratios.
 Our study shows the potential for mothers to maximise reproductive value
 via strategic biases in offspring sex depending on the advantages
 conferred by birth order and the predictability of future mate
 competition. Our long term data support the predictions and appear to
 suggest that sex allocation strategies may evolve surprisingly quickly
 when anthropogenic pressures on populations are severe.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj2w
title: Genetic tracking of density‐dependent adult recruitment: A case study in a subtropical oak

description: Density-dependent recruitment is fundamental to understanding species
 diversity and community dynamics in plants. Although there is compelling
 evidence that seeds and seedlings die from conspecific negative density
 dependence (CNDD) as predicted by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis,
 characterizing adult recruitment remains a challenge for long-living
 trees. Previous studies have used the decrease of fine-scale spatial
 genetic structure (FSGS) across life stages to indicate CNDD; however,
 this has not been tested rigorously. We addressed these challenges by
 integrating dispersal kernels and FSGS. To establish links between density
 dependence and FSGS, we simulated seedlings based on the estimated
 dispersal kernels from parentage analyses, and further simulated adults
 under various seedling-to-adult recruitment scenarios, using an
 individual-based spatially explicit model. We tested this method in an
 isolated Cyclobalanopsis glauca population on the Dajinshan Island of
 China. We detected significant FSGS in the seedlings and a weaker, though
 also significant, FSGS in the adults. As expected, the empirical FSGS of
 seedlings was well predicted by the simulated seedlings, with observations
 falling inside the 95% confidence envelopes over all distance classes.
 However, the simulation showed that CNDD enhanced the FSGS and positive
 density dependence dampened it during the seedling-to-adult transition.
 The adult FSGS of our population was therefore explained by positive
 rather than negative density-dependent adult recruitment.
description: Please see the ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqjtj
title: Current status and future strategies for mentoring women in neurology

description: The American Academy of Neurology's (AAN) 2017 Gender Disparity
 Report identified improving mentorship as a key intervention to fill the
 leadership and pay gaps for women in neurology. Here we summarize the
 literature on mentoring women, provide an outline of ideal components of
 programs geared toward closing gender gaps, and present a mentoring
 program for AAN members. The strategies discussed share similarities with
 those for closing gaps related to race, ethnicity and religion. Developing
 effective mentorship and sponsorship programs is essential to ensure a
 sufficiently diverse pool of academic faculty and private practitioners,
 and to establish equal representation in leadership roles in this
 field. 
description: Additional references.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c59zw3r6h
title: Identification of co-infections in a cohort of patients diagnosed with Lyme Disease

description: Objective: Lyme disease (LD) is the most common zoonosis in most
 regions of the world. The disease can be difficult to diagnose due to the
 wide range of symptoms that patients present with. There is extensive
 evidence of polymicrobial infections in Ticks, but very little data on
 multiple infections in humans . The purpose of this study was to
 investigate the occurrence of  co-infecting pathogens, and to
 provide data to help manage the diagnosis and treatment of each case.
 Design: This was a prospective observational study of Lyme
 Disease and co-infections. Setting: The study was conducted at a
 private Infectious Disease clinic in Dublin Ireland and approved 
 by the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Research Ethics committee.
 Participants: Blood samples were taken prior to a first
 consultation from a group of 54 patients with suspected Lyme disease
 during the period 8/12/2016 to 7/2/2017. Samples were tested for a group
 of infections at ArminLabs, Augsburg, Germany. Results: A total
 of 29 patients had LD confirmed with positive serology and 90% of these
 had one of more co-infections. 33% had one of the target diseases and 57%
 had two or more co-infections. Three patients (10%) had 4 co-infections
 along with Borrelia. The most common co-infection was Chlamydia pneumoniae
 with 76% of LD patients positive, then Anaplasma phagocytophilum
 (ehrlichia) 38%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae 24%, Epstein-Barr 21%, Herpes
 simplex 10% and with cytomegalovirus, with Yersinia, varicella-zoster,
 toxoplasmosis and Chlamydia trachomatis infections  identified in
 less than 10% of cases. Conclusions: Very high rates of
 co-infections (90%) were found in patients diagnosed with LD based on
 symptoms and positive serology tests. There is very little published data
 on co-infections in humans and it is recommended that further studies
 should be implemented in other locations with the aim of guiding
 management of patients with multiple tick-borne and other co-infections.
description: Blood samples were taken prior to first consultation at a Private
 infectious disease clinic in Dublin Ireland for suspected Lyme disease
 during the period 8/12/2016 to 7/2/2017. A total of 54 patient samples
 were tested for a group of infections at ArminLabs, Augsburg,
 Germany.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d51c5b02c
title: Data from: Determining structural and chemical heterogeneities of surface species at the single-bond limit

description: The structure determination of surface species has long been a challenge
 because of their rich chemical heterogeneities. Modern tip-based
 microscopic techniques can resolve heterogeneities from their distinct
 electronic, geometric, and vibrational properties at the single-molecule
 level but with limited interpretation from each. Here, we combined
 scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), noncontact atomic force microscopy
 (AFM), and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) to characterize an assumed
 inactive system, pentacene on the Ag(110) surface. This enabled us to
 unambiguously correlate the structural and chemical heterogeneities of
 three pentacene-derivative species through specific carbon-hydrogen bond
 breaking. The joint STM-AFM-TERS strategy provides a comprehensive
 solution for determining chemical structures that are widely present in
 surface catalysis, on-surface synthesis, and twodimensional materials.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzm8
title: Linking range wide energetic trade-offs to breeding performance in a long-distance migrant

description: Understanding how individual trade-offs and carry-over effects along the
 annual cycle influence fitness is fundamental to unravel population
 dynamics, but such data is particularly challenging to collect in
 long-distance migrants. Here, with a full annual cycle perspective of
 Icelandic whimbrels Numenius phaeopus islandicus, we investigate
 trade-offs across the entire distribution, assessing migration costs and
 wintering energetic balance experienced throughout the wintering range
 (from temperate to tropical regions), and link these to breeding
 parameters for two wintering regions. We found that Icelandic whimbrels
 traded-off higher costs of migration with more favourable wintering
 conditions, in terms of energetic balance. By migrating further, whimbrels
 experience lower thermoregulatory costs and higher net energetic intake
 rates, resulting in a more positive energetic balance during winter.
 However, these differences did not appear to carry-over into the breeding
 season in terms of measurable effects on laying date (and, consequently,
 fledging success) or egg volume, suggesting that individual fitness is
 unlikely to be significantly influenced by previous wintering conditions,
 although effects on other traits may potentially occur. Nevertheless,
 Icelandic whimbrels seem to favour wintering locations where the
 conditions are more advantageous, as the abundance of individuals at the
 wintering sites reflects the variation in site quality.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcc9g
title: Data for the manuscript: Historical biogeography of Pomaderris (Rhamnaceae): continental vicariance in Australia and repeated independent dispersals to New Zealand

description: Gondwanan biogeographic patterns include a combination of old vicariance
 events following the breakup of the supercontinent, and more recent
 long-distance dispersals across the southern landmasses. Floristic
 relationships between Australia and New Zealand have mostly been
 attributed to recent dispersal events rather than vicariance. We assessed
 the biogeographic history of Pomaderris (Rhamnaceae), which occurs in both
 Australia and New Zealand, by constructing a time-calibrated molecular
 phylogeny to infer (1) phylogenetic relationships and (2) the relative
 contributions of vicariance and dispersal events in the biogeographic
 history of the genus. Using hybrid capture and high throughput sequencing,
 we generated nuclear and plastid data sets to estimate phylogenetic
 relationships and fossil calibrated divergence time estimates for
 Pomaderris . BioGeoBEARS and biogeographical stochastic mapping (BSM) were
 used to assess the ancestral area of the genus and the relative
 contributions of vicariance vs dispersal, and the directionality of
 dispersal events. Our analyses indicate that Pomaderris originated in the
 Oligocene and had a widespread Australian distribution. Vicariance of
 western and eastern Australian clades coincides with the uplift of the
 Nullarbor Plain c. 14 Ma, followed by subsequent in-situ and within-biome
 diversification with little exchange across regions. A rapid radiation of
 southeastern Australian taxa beginning c. 10 Ma was the source for at
 least six independent long-distance dispersal events to New Zealand during
 the Pliocene–Pleistocene. Our study demonstrates the importance of
 dispersal in explaining not only the current cross-Tasman distributions of
 Pomaderris, but for the New Zealand flora more broadly. The pattern of
 multiple independent long-distance dispersal events for Pomaderris ,
 without significant radiation within New Zealand, is congruent
 with other lowland plant groups, suggesting that this biome has a
 different evolutionary history compared with the younger alpine flora of
 New Zealand, which exhibits extensive radiations often following single
 long distance dispersal events.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2z34tmpkn
title: Bt cotton area contraction drives regional pest resurgence, crop loss, and pesticide use

description: Genetically-modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins
 have been widely cultivated, permitting an effective non-chemical control
 of major agricultural pests. While their establishment can enable an
 area-wide suppression of polyphagous herbivores, no information is
 available on the impact of Bt crop abandonment in entire landscape
 matrices. Here, we detail a resurgence of the cosmopolitan bollworm
 Helicoverpa armigera following a contraction of Bt cotton area in dynamic
 agro-landscapes over 2007–2019 in North China Plain. An 80% reduction in
 Bt cotton was mirrored in a 1.9-fold increase of ambient H. armigera
 population levels, culminating in 1.5–2.1-fold higher yield loss and a
 2.0–4.4-fold increase in pesticide use frequency in non-Bt crops (i.e.
 maize, peanut, soybean). Our work unveils the fate of herbivorous insect
 populations following a progressive dis-use of insecticidal crop
 cultivars, and hints at how tactically deployed Bt crops could be paired
 with agro-ecological measures to mitigate the environmental footprint of
 crop production.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nk98sf7sg
title: Bertalanffy's growth curves of A. anatina duck mussels in 18 Polish lakes with reference to living conditions

description: 1. Post-maturation growth leading to indeterminate growth patterns is
 widespread in nature. However, its adaptive value is unclear. Life history
 theory suggests this allocation strategy may be favoured by temporal
 pulses in the intensity of mortality and/or the capacity to produce new
 tissues. 2. Addressing the origin of indeterminate growth and the
 variability of growth patterns, we studied the growth of duck mussels,
 Anodonta anatina, a pan-European unionid, in 18 Polish lakes. For each
 population the sex, size and age of collected mussels were measured to
 estimate Bertalanffy’s growth curve parameters. We integrated information
 on A. anatina mortality rates, lake trophy, biofouling by zebra mussels,
 Dreissena polymorpha, and the prevalence of parasitic trematode larvae to
 identify selective conditions in lakes. 3. We found two sources of
 mortality in A. anatina populations, pertaining to adverse effects of
 zebra mussel biofouling and trophy state on mussel survival. Additionally,
 populations with heavier biofouling presented a smaller abundance of
 parasites, indicative of a relationship between filtering intensity and
 contraction of water-borne trematode larvae by filtering A. anatina. 4.
 Consistently for each sex, populations with a greater trophy-related
 mortality were characterized in A. anatina by a smaller asymptotic size
 Lmax, indicative of a life history response to mortality risk involving
 early maturation at a smaller body size. In all populations, females
 featured higher mortality and larger asymptotic size vs. males. 5. Our
 findings support a theoretical view that adaptive responses to selection
 involve adjustments in the lifetime resource allocation patterns. These
 adjustments should be considered drivers of the origin of indeterminate
 growth strategy in species taking parental care by offspring brooding in
 body cavities.
description: Duck mussels were sampled from 18 lakes in Poland (18
 populations). For each populations, sex-specific values were calculated:
 Bertalanffy's growth curve parameters, overgrowth by zebra mussels,
 infestation by trematodes, mortality rates. For each lake also a trophy
 index was calculated. Deposited are two datasets. Dataset 1 shows
 quantitative measures of the intensity of overgrowth in the studied lakes.
 Dataset 2 shows population and sex specific values of all studied traits
 that were used for hypothesis testing in the paper linked to these
 datasets.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vdncjsxt4
title: Phenotypic plasticity is aligned with phenological adaptation on micro- and macroevolutionary timescales

description: In seasonally-variable environments, phenotypic plasticity in phenology
 may be critical for adaptation to fluctuating environmental
 conditions.  Using an 18-generation longitudinal dataset
 from natural damselfly populations, we show that phenology has strongly
 advanced. Individual fitness data suggest this is likely an adaptive
 response towards a temperature-dependent optimum. A laboratory experiment
 revealed that developmental plasticity qualitatively matches the
 temperature-dependence of selection, partially explaining
 observed  advance in phenology. Expanding our analysis
 to the macroevolutionary level, we use a database of over 1-million
 occurrence records and spatiotemporally-matched temperature data from 49
 Swedish Odonate species to infer macroevolutionary dynamics of
 phenology.  Phenological plasticity was more closely
 aligned with adaptation for species that have recently colonized northern
 latitudes, but with higher phenological mismatch at lower latitudes. Our
 results show that phenological plasticity plays a key role in
 microevolutionary dynamics within a single species, and such plasticity
 may have facilitated post-Pleistocene range expansion in this insect
 clade.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cvmf7d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 570 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Phytelephas aequatorialis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 570 records from 28 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002746-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqff
title: Improved contiguity of the threespine stickleback genome using long-read sequencing

description: While the cost and time for assembling a genome has drastically decreased,
 it still remains a challenge to assemble a highly contiguous genome. These
 challenges are rapidly being overcome by the integration of long-read
 sequencing technologies. Here, we use long-read sequencing to improve the
 contiguity of the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
 genome, a prominent genetic model species. Using Pacific Biosciences
 sequencing, we assembled a highly contiguous genome of a freshwater fish
 from Paxton Lake. Using contigs from this genome, we were able to fill
 over 76% of the gaps in the existing reference genome assembly, improving
 contiguity over five-fold. Our gap filling approach was highly accurate,
 validated by 10X Genomics long-distance linked-reads. In addition to
 closing a majority of gaps, we were able to assemble segments of telomeres
 and centromeres throughout the genome. This highlights the power of using
 long sequencing reads to assemble highly repetitive and difficult to
 assemble regions of genomes. This latest genome build has been released
 through a newly designed community genome browser that aims to consolidate
 the growing number of genomics datasets available for the threespine
 stickleback fish.
description: <strong>paxton_lake_benthic.fa.gz</strong> is the
 denovo assembly constructed using PacBio Long reads from a Paxton Benthic
 Male.
 <strong>GAculeatus_UGA_version5_UN_merged.fasta </strong>is the v. 5 genome constructed by filling in gaps in v. 4 Hi-C assembled genome.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5vaxqu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 36 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Magnaporthe grisea"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 36 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002747-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.