DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7319780
title: Corpus of Resolutions: UN Security Council (CR-UNSC)

description: Overview

The Corpus of Resolution: UN Security Council (CR-UNSC) collects and presents for the first time in human and machine-readable form all resolutions, drafts, and meeting records of the UN Security Council, including detailed metadata, as published by the UN Digital Library and revised by the authors.

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the most influential of the principal UN organs. Composed of five permanent and ten non-permanent members, its functioning is constrained by the political context in which it operates. During the Cold War, the complex political relationships between the permanent members and their veto powers significantly affected the capacity of the UNSC to address violations of international peace and security, with only 646 resolutions passed from 1946 to 1989. Since the 1990s, the activity of the UN Security Council has increased dramatically. The length, complexity and thematic breadth of the resolutions has also increased, prompting calls to redefine it as a quasi-legislative body.

Under Articles 24 and 25 of the UN Charter, member states have conferred upon the UNSC the "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security" and have agreed "to accept and carry out" its decisions. The discharge of this function is carried out through the powers bestowed upon it under Chapter VI of the UN Charter, "Pacific Settlement of Disputes", Chapter VII, "Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression", Chapter VIII, "Regional Arrangements", and Chapter XII, "International Trusteeship System". 

Under the peace and security mandate, its areas of activity cover disarmament, pacific settlement of disputes, enforcement, and, until 1994, strategic areas in a trusteeship agreement. Its functions also pertain to the correct working of the United Nations, covering issues of membership, the appointment of the Secretary General, the elections of judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the calling of special and emergency sessions of the General Assembly, the amendment of the Charter and of the ICJ Statute.

Please refer to the Codebook for a detailed explanation of the dataset and instructions on how to make use of it.

We have also recently published a pre-print entitled "Words of Power: Introducing a Comprehensive Corpus of UN Security Council Resolutions" (Zenodo 2025)  describing the collection, revision and full creation process of the corpus.

 

Key Metrics

Version: 2025-12-22

Scope: UNSC Resolutions from 1 (1946) up to and including 2798 (2025), with relevant drafts and meeting records

Tokens: ca. 3.9 million (English resolution texts)

Languages: English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian

 

Updates

The CR-UNSC will be updated at least once per year.

In case of serious errors an update will be provided at the earliest opportunity and a highlighted advisory issued on the Zenodo page of the current version. Minor errors will be documented in the Codeberg issue tracker and fixed with the next scheduled release.

The CR-UNSC is versioned according to the day of the last run of the data pipeline, in the ISO format YYYY-MM-DD. Its initial release version is 2024-05-03.

Notifications regarding new and updated data sets will be published on the academic website of Seán Fobbe at www.seanfobbe.com or on the Fediverse at @seanfobbe@fediscience.org

 

Changelog



Full recompilation of dataset with most recent data up to UNSC resolution 2798

OCR content fixes in 108 lines of 36 gold-standard files (courtesy of Kilian Lüders and Hannah Birkenkötter)

Dataset now available in Parquet format

Improved detection of citations to UNGA special and emergency sessions

Number of countries and subjects in bar charts reduced to 25 for better readability

New test for completeness of TXT conversion

Set timezone of Docker container to America/New York

Text variables are properly removed from the metadata only variant

Repair parsing of html main and vote records

Fix Quanteda parallelization

Show resolution number instead of doc_id in quality check of short resolutions

Increased OCR range for Chinese resolutions up to and inclusing res 1292 to capture content of ~360 documents

Set general OCR inclusion range up to and including res 902

Refactored citation extraction to simplify and update deprecated functions

Simplify cleanup script with git clean, add Dockerized version

Remove docker build script, added build instructions to README

Simplify docker run script with docker-compose

R core upgraded to version 4.4.0 (mitigate CVE-2024-27322)

R packages version-locked to CRAN date 2024-06-13

R package requirements now in plaintext file

Tesseract upgraded to version 5.5.1


 

Features



82 Variables

Resolution texts in all six official UN languages (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian)

Draft texts of resolutions in English

Meeting record texts in English

URLs to draft texts in all other languages (French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian)

URLs to meeting record texts in all other languages (French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian)

Citation data as GraphML (UNSC-to-UNSC resolutions and UNSC-to-UNGA resolutions)

Bibliographic database in BibTeX/OSCOLA format for e.g. Zotero, Endnote and Jabref

Extensive Codebook to explain the uses of the dataset

Compilation Report and Quality Assurance Report explain construction and validation of the data set

Publication quality diagrams for teaching, research and all other purposes (PDF for printing, PNG for web)

Open and platform independent file formats (CSV, PDF, TXT, GraphML)

Software version controlled with Docker

Publication of full data set (Open Data)

Publication of full source code (Open Source)

Data published under Public Domain waiver (CC Zero 1.0)

Source Code is Free Software published under the GNU General Public License Version 3 (GNU GPL v3)

Secure cryptographic signatures for all files in version of record (SHA2-256 and SHA3-512)


 

Recommended Variants




Traditional Scholars


ALL_PDF_Resolutions

EN_TXT_BEST

BIBTEX_OSCOLA



Quantitative Scholars


ALL_CSV_FULL

EN_TXT_BEST

CITATIONS_GRAPHML





 

Please refer to the Codebook regarding for details on each variant. The ZIP archives include texts in all languages, unless noted in the filename.

We strongly recommend using the CSV files for quantitative analysis, but if you find CSV hard to use and want to analyze only the text of resolutions, the EN_TXT_BEST variant is a mix of expert-revised OCR and born digital texts equivalent to the "text" variable in the CSV file.

 

Compilation Report and Quality Assurance Report

With every compilation of the full data set, an extensive Compilation Report and detailed Quality Assurance Report  are created and published in PDF format.

The Compilation Report includes the source code for the pipeline architecture, comments and explanations of design decisions, relevant computational results, exact timestamps and a table of contents with clickable internal hyperlinks to each section.

The Quality Assurance Report contains a count of all hard tests and expectations, additional visualizations and documented test results for all soft tests that require further interpretation

The Compilation Report, Quality Assurance Report and Source Code are published under the following DOI: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.7319783

 

Attribution and Copyright

This data is derived from the United Nations Digital Library at https://digitallibrary.un.org. Records were accessed and downloaded in December 2025, with additional work on revisions and corrections up to and including the date given as the version number.

Pursuant to UN Administrative Instruction ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.2 of 17 September 1987 all official records and United Nations Documents (including resolutions, compilations of resolutions, drafts and meeting records) are in the public domain. We wish to honor the letter and spirit of this UN policy. To ensure the widest possible distribution of official UN documents and to promote the international rule of law we waive any copyright that might have accrued by creating the dataset under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. 

 

Disclaimer

This data set is an academic initiative and is not associated with or endorsed by the United Nations or any of its constituent organs and organizations.

 

Author Websites

Personal Website of Seán Fobbe

Personal Website of Lorenzo Gasbarri

Personal Website of Niccolò Ridi

 

Contact

Did you discover any errors? Do you have suggestions on how to improve the data set? You can either post these to the Issue Tracker on Codeberg or contact Seán Fobbe via https://seanfobbe.com/contact/