cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/h30m-mr55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tana Lake, Northeast African Surface Air Temperature Reconstruction since the Late Pleistocene

description: The development and application of lacustrine paleotemperature proxies based on microbial membrane lipid structures, including the TEX86 and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) paleothermometers, have greatly advanced our understanding of the late-glacial and postglacial temperature history of Africa. However, the currently available records are from equatorial and southern hemisphere sites, limiting our understanding of the spatial patterns of temperature change. Here we use the brGDGT paleotemperature proxy to reconstruct Late Pleistocene and Holocene temperatures from Lake Tana, Ethiopia (12°N, 37°E). Following the termination of Heinrich Stadial 1 at ~ 15 ka, Lake Tana experienced a 3.7 °C oscillation over 1.2 ky. Temperatures then increased abruptly by nearly 7 °C between 13.8 and 13.0 ka, followed by a slow warming trend that peaked during the mid Holocene. Temperatures subsequently cooled from ~ 6 ka to ~ 0.4 ka. These data indicate that temperature at Lake Tana was sensitive to climate changes caused by variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Late Pleistocene, as well as to regional hydroclimatic changes and reorganizations of the monsoons. Our record suggests that late-glacial temperature changes in northeast Africa were linked to high-latitude northern hemispheric climate processes, but that subsequent post-glacial temperature variations were strongly influenced by tropical hydrology.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/h5fj-sg18
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Heshang Cave, Central China Holocene Surface Air Temperature Reconstruction

description: To achieve a sufficient understanding of the spatial dynamics of terrestrial climate variability, new proxies and networks of data that cover thousands of years and run up to the present day are needed. Here we show the first Gram-negative bacterial 3-hydroxy fatty acid (3-OH-FA) based temperature and hydrological records from any paleoclimate archive globally. The data, covering the last 9 ka before present (BP), are generated from an individual stalagmite, collected from Heshang Cave, located on a tributary of the Yangtze River, central China (30°27'N, 110°25'E; 294m). Our results indicate a clear early-to-middle Holocene Climatic Optimum (8.0–6.0 ka BP) followed by a long-term monotonic cooling and increasing variability over the last 0.9 ka BP. The hydrological record shows two relatively long wet periods (8.8–5.9 ka BP and 3.0–0 ka BP) and one relatively dry period (5.9–3.0 ka BP) in central China. We show that 3-OH-FA biomarkers hold promise as independent tools for paleoclimate reconstruction, with the potential to deconvolve temperature and hydrological signals from an individual stalagmite.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/heck-rf19
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Weeks Bay, Alabama Diatom, Stable Isotope, Lithology and Trace Metal Data over the last 7000 years

description: Climate change, sea-level rise, and human activities present major concerns for coastal environments. Paleoenvironmental records allow us to extend the instrumented record and study recent environmental impacts in a long-term context with natural pre-industrial conditions. Here, we investigate grain size, stable carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotopes, elemental composition, and diatom abundance in sediments to construct a 7000-year paleoenvironmental history of Weeks Bay, Alabama, a NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve. Four major floods of the Fish River since 1986 CE are independently identified in the Weeks Bay sediment record, validating the bay setting as an archive of flood events. Thirty-four flood events were identified over the last 5000 years, with two periods of intense flood activity coinciding with the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, indicating association of relatively short-term climate events and enhanced storm activity. Further, multiple paleoenvironmental proxies indicate marine conditions during formation of the bay ~6600 calendar years Before Present (cal yr BP) and a brackish transition as the estuary became restricted ~2000 cal yr BP. High total organic carbon/nitrogen values indicate nitrogen limitation in Weeks Bay. Increase in organic content, diatoms, and redox- and nutrient-associated elemental proxies over the last 300 years, with dramatic increase in algal abundance since the 1980s, strongly suggest that human activities (i.e. land clearing, agriculture) increased ecological feedbacks in the bay. Comparing past and present environmental conditions of coastal estuaries advances our understanding of estuarine response to climate change and sea-level, floods, and human activities, which is important for environmental management and wetland conservation policy.
description: Absolute diatom abundance in conjunction with d15N and d13C was used to study ecological feedbacks; grain size from LPSA was used to reconstruct floods over last 7,000 years
  Provided Keywords: Paleoenvironment; Estuary; Nutrients; Algal blooms; Diatoms
DOI: 10.25921/h52p-4n87
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Aweng Co, Western Tibetan Plateau Holocene Surface Air Temperature Reconstruction

description: Mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and precipitation isotope records for the Holocene were obtained from the analysis of the relative distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios of leaf waxes from a sediment core from Aweng Co on the western Tibetan Plateau (WTP). Our results indicate that the Indian monsoon mainly influenced Aweng Co during the Holocene. During the early Holocene, when summer insolation was at a maximum, the monsoonal influence was strong and the climate was warm and wet. Both the summer and winter insolation were relatively weak, and Aweng Co was cool and dry during the middle Holocene (6-3 ka), indicating a weakening of the Indian monsoon. The southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and relatively low atmospheric methane content may have contributed to the middle Holocene cooling on the WTP. During the late Holocene, with a further increase in winter insolation and decrease in summer insolation, the summer monsoon weakened and the MAAT on the WTP gradually increased. Depleted leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios during the late Holocene can be attributed to accelerated glacier melting because of the elevated MAAT.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file. Note added by Temperature-12k authors: large reservoir correction means age model highly uncertain. Proxy may be biased to different seasons at different times in the Holocene.
DOI: 10.25921/h2b5-ap86
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - St. Matthew Island, Alaska 5,500 Year Macrofossil and Oxygen Isotope Data

description: Anomalously low winter sea ice extent and early retreat in CE 2018 and 2019 challenge previous notions that winter sea ice in the Bering Sea has been stable over the instrumental record, although long-term records remain limited. Here, we use a record of peat cellulose oxygen isotopes from St. Matthew Island along with isotope-enabled general circulation model (IsoGSM) simulations to generate a 5500-year record of Bering Sea winter sea ice extent. Results show that over the last 5500 years, sea ice in the Bering Sea decreased in response to increasing winter insolation and atmospheric CO2, suggesting that the North Pacific is highly sensitive to small changes in radiative forcing. We find that CE 2018 sea ice conditions were the lowest of the last 5500 years, and results suggest that sea ice loss may lag changes in CO2 concentrations by several decades.
description: Bering Sea macrofossil assemblage and oxygen isotope data from St. Matthew Island, Alaska for the past 5,500 years.
DOI: 10.25921/hejg-xh52
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Axelson - Central Oland - QUSP - ITRDB SWED339

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: This is an oak collection for the central part of Oland, a major island in the Baltic sea. A closer look at this collection reveals that it actually is in two parts. The younger consists mainly of samples collected from living trees in 2003-2005. Most of them only cover the 20th century, but a few goes back to mid 19th century. The other part is a selection among historical samples, 
# almost all samples from postmills (small windmills), very typical for this island. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tngh4u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Cariamiformes)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((110 70,120 70,120 80,110 80,110 70))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020865-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.25921/hwh4-xh41
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Makassar Strait and Celebes Sea d18O and Mg/Ca Data over the last 25 kyr

description: The hydrological characteristics, including temperatures and salinities, of the upper water over the last 30 ka from two sites connected by the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) across the Makassar Strait are reconstructed and compared. The thermocline hydrological gradient in the strait was larger during 13.4~19 ka BP and 24.2~27 ka BP than that in the Holocene. The weakened ITF during those periods in the last glacial period, corresponding to the decreased trade wind stress under an El Niño-like climate mean state, likely accounts for the increased thermocline gradient. The thermocline water temperature variabilities of the two sites, in particular the highest peaks at ~7 ka BP, are different from the records of the open western Pacific. Reoccurrence of the South China Sea Throughflow and thus a decreased surface throughflow along the Makassar Strait perhaps led to a warmer peak of thermocline temperature at ~7 ka BP than at ~11 ka BP.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/hphg-af35
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Margolis fire data from Rowe Mesa northwest, northern New Mexico - IMPD USROW005

description: Pinon–juniper (PJ) fire regimes are generally characterised as infrequent high-severity. However, PJ ecosystems vary across a large geographic and bio-climatic range and little is known about one of the principal PJ functional types, PJ savannas. It is logical that (1) grass in PJ savannas could support frequent, low-severity fire and (2) exclusion of frequent fire could explain increased tree density in PJ savannas. To assess these hypotheses I used dendroecological methods to reconstruct fire history and forest structure in a PJ-dominated savanna. Evidence of high severity fire was not observed. From 112 fire-scarred trees I reconstructed 87 fire years (1547–1899). Mean fire interval was 7.8 years for fires recorded at >2 sites. Tree establishment was negatively correlated with fire frequency (r = -0.74) and peak PJ establishment was synchronous with dry (unfavourable) conditions and a regime shift (decline) in fire frequency in the late 1800s. The collapse of the grass-fuelled, frequent, surface fire regime in this PJ savanna was likely the primary driver of current high tree density (mean = 881 trees/ha) that is>600% of the historical estimate. Variability in bio-climatic conditions likely drive variability in fire regimes across the wide range of PJ ecosystems.
description: Description: This site was sampled as part of a project to reconstruct the fire history of the PJ dominated landscape of Rowe Mesa in northern New Mexico. 

Sample_storage_location: University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, 1215 E Lowell St., Tucson, Arizona, 85721
Dating_method: crossdated
Area_sampled [hectares]: 2.6

FHX File Header: For additional information, see the header of this datasets FHX file, usrow005.fhx, located in the same folder as this file. 

Fire History Graphs: Fire History Graphs illustrate specific years when fires occurred and how many trees were scarred. They are available in both PDF and PNG formats. The graphs consist of 2 parts, both of which show the X axis (time line) at the bottom with the earliest year of information on the left and the latest on the right. The Fire Index Plot is the topmost plot, and shows two variables: sample depth (the number of recording trees in each year) as a blue line along the left Y axis, compared with the percent trees scarred shown as gray bars along the right Y axis. Below, the Fire Chronology Plot consists of horizontal lines representing injuries by year on individual sampled trees. Symbols are overlain that denote the years containing the dendrochronologically-dated fire scars or injuries. The sample ID of each tree is displayed to the right of each line. The Composite Axis below represents the composite information from all individual series. The symbols used to represent the fire scars or injuries, and the filters used to determine the composite information, are shown in the legend. These graphs were created using the Fire History Analysis and Exploration System (FHAES). See https://www.fhaes.org/ for more information.
DOI: 10.25921/hwy1-tk56
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Laacher See, Germany 13,000 YrBP Volcanic Eruption Radiocarbon Dates

description: The Laacher See eruption (LSE) in Germany ranks among Europe's largest volcanic events of the Upper Pleistocene. Although tephra deposits of the LSE represent an important isochron for the synchronization of proxy archives at the Late Glacial to Early Holocene transition, uncertainty in the age of the eruption has prevailed. Here we present dendrochronological and radiocarbon measurements of subfossil trees that were buried by pyroclastic deposits that firmly date the LSE to 13,006 ± 9 calibrated years before present (bp; taken as ad 1950), which is more than a century earlier than previously accepted. The revised age of the LSE necessarily shifts the chronology of European varved lakes relative to the Greenland ice core record, thereby dating the onset of the Younger Dryas to 12,807 ± 12 calibrated years bp, which is around 130 years earlier than thought. Our results synchronize the onset of the Younger Dryas across the North Atlantic-European sector, preclude a direct link between the LSE and Greenland Stadial-1 cooling, and suggest a large-scale common mechanism of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation under warming conditions.
description: High-resolution radiocarbon dates of three trees killed and buried during the Laacher See eruption, to establish a refined date with only minimal dating uncertainty
DOI: 10.25921/h3k2-qj41
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Middle Caicos Blue Hole 1,500 Year Coarse Fraction and Paleohurricane Event Frequency Data

description: Coastal communities are vulnerable to sea-level rise and hurricane-induced flooding. Our ability to assess flooding risk at coastal locations is restricted by the short observational record and limited knowledge on storm surge generation during hurricanes of different strength, size and orientation. Here, we present a transect of sediment cores collected from a blue hole near Middle Caicos in the Turks & Caicos Islands. Storm deposits found across cores in the transect record the passage of hurricanes passing to the south of Middle Caicos over the past 1500 years including Hurricane Irma in 2017. The record indicates historically unprecedented multi-decadal periods of elevated storm strikes on the island. We add this new reconstruction to a compilation of near-annually resolved paleohurricane records of the past millennium in The Bahamas. This compilation indicates increased storm activity in The Bahamas from 650 to 800 CE, 930 to 1040 CE, and 1400 to 1800 CE. Taken together with compilations of published paleohurricane records from New England and the Gulf Coast of Florida, we observe periods of elevated hurricane activity in all three spatially disparate regions over the past millennium and periods when New England and the Bahama Archipelago are active while the Gulf Coast of Florida is not. We argue that both regional-scale changes in vertical wind shear patterns and shifting storm tracks may explain the discrepancies we observe between different regions of the North Atlantic. This research informs how hurricane frequency has changed over the past 1500 years specifically in the Turks & Caicos Islands and regionally along the Bahama Archipelago.
description: Coarse sediment fraction data and paleohurricane event frequency from Middle Caicos Blue Hole for the past 1,500 years.
DOI: 10.25921/h842-wk16
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - South China Sea Terrigenous Grain Size, Mineral Component and Mass Accumulation Rate Data over the last 1.1 Million Years

description: Glacial-to-interglacial variations in East Asian summer and winter monsoon are widely ascribed to orbital and global ice-sheet forcing. The relative impact of orbital and millennial-scale factors, however, remains controversial. To constrain the differential response of seasonal monsoon winds we present paired records of siliciclastic grain sizes, pollen, minerals, and geochemical tracers obtained from high-sedimentation rate deposits at ODP Site 1144, northern South China Sea. Accordingly, loess-style dust supply of winter monsoon was predominant and fluvial input reduced during peak glacials and Heinrich stadials over the last 900 kyr, while fluvial mud earmarked interglacials and initial parts of glacial stages since the Mid-Pleistocene Transition as result of enhanced summer monsoon. Before, more limited northern-Hemisphere ice sheets during glacial stages 24–32 led to ongoing humidity over Eastern Asia. Altogether, changes in seasonal monsoon rather reflect a redistribution of insolation energy among various climate subsystems than direct orbital and northern-ice-sheet forcing.
description: Terrigenous grain size, mineral component and mass accumulation rate as proxies for East Asian monsoon winds in the northern South China Sea over the last million years.
        Keywords: East Asian monsoon winds, paleoclimate reconstruction, South China Sea, ODP Site 1144
DOI: 10.25921/h2nb-vd86
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Squanga Lake, Yukon Territory Holocene Stable Isotope and LOI Data

description: Sub-centennial oxygen (d18O) isotopes of ostracod and authigenic calcite from Squanga Lake provides evidence of hydroclimatic extremes and a series of post-glacial climate system reorganizations for the interior region of northwest Canada. Authigenic calcite d18O values range from -16 per mil to -21 per mil and are presently similar to modern lake water and annual precipitation values. Ostracod d18O record near identical trends with calcite, offset by +1.7 +- 0.6 per mil. At 11 ka BP (kaBP = thousands of years before 1950), higher d18O values reflect decreased precipitation-evaporation (P-E) balance from residual ice sheet influences on moisture availability. A trend to lower d18O values until ~8 ka BP reflects a shift to wetter conditions, and reorganization of atmospheric circulation. The last millennium and modern era are relatively dry, though not as dry as the early Holocene extreme. North Pacific climate dynamics remained an important driver of P-E balance in northwest Canada throughout the Holocene.
description: Holocene stable isotope (d18O and d13C) and loss-on-ignition data from sediments collected in Squanga Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada.
Lake water isotope data in per mil:
lake_water_O18,lake_water_H2,calcite_d18O,predicted_water_O18,year
-18.2,-151,NaN,NaN,2000
-17.4,-148,-17.5,-17.1,2002
-17.2,-144,NaN,NaN,2006
DOI: 10.25921/hfte-nv73
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Andreu-Hayles - Ice Cut Dalton Highway - SASP - ITRDB AK175

description: Warming in recent decades has triggered shrub expansion in Arctic and alpine tundra, which is transforming these temperature-limited ecosystems and altering carbon and nutrient cycles, fire regimes, permafrost stability, land-surface climate-feedbacks, and wildlife habitat. Where and when Arctic shrub expansion happens in the future will depend in part on how different shrub communities respond to warming air temperatures. Here, we analyze a shrub ring-width network of 18 sites consisting of Salix spp. and Alnus viridis growing across the North Slope of Alaska (68–71°N; 164–149°W) to assess shrub temperature sensitivity and compare radial growth patterns with satellite NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) data since 1982. Regardless of site conditions and taxa, all shrubs shared a common year-to-year growth variability and had a positive response to daily maximum air temperatures (Tmax) from ca. May 31 (i.e. Tmax ∼6 °C) to early July (i.e. Tmax ∼12 °C), two-thirds of which were significant correlations. Thus, the month of June had the highest shrub growth-temperature sensitivity. This period coincides with the seasonal increase in temperature and phenological green up on the North Slope indicated by both field observations and the seasonal cycle of NDVI (a proxy of photosynthetic activity). Nearly all of the sampled shrubs (98%) initiated their growth after 1960, with 74% initiated since 1980. This post-1980 shrub-recruitment pulse coincided with ∼2 °C warmer June temperatures compared to prior periods, as well as with positive trends in shrub basal area increments and peak summer NDVI. Significant correlations between shrub growth and peak summer NDVI indicate these radial growth patterns in shrubs reflect tundra productivity at a broader scale and that tundra vegetation on the North Slope of Alaska underwent a greening trend between 1980 and 2012.
description: North Slope, Alaska 2010 shrub ring-width data. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-07-07.