DOI: 10.5061/dryad.45v38
title: Data from: Long-tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

description: 1. In hermaphroditic flowers, reciprocal herkogamy e.g. heterostyly
 enhances pollen transfer between floral morphs (disassortative
 pollination) while avoiding self-interference between sexual organs. By
 contrast, disassortative pollination might be compromised in
 style-dimorphic flowers, which lack perfect reciprocity between the two
 floral morphs. This sub-optimal functioning has been considered to explain
 why stylar dimorphism is rare in nature. 2. Some style-polymorphic species
 receive a wide array of floral visitors, including long-tongued insects
 that feed on nectar and short-tongued insects that feed on pollen.
 Differences in the morphology and behaviour of these two insect types
 could be manifested as different pollination patterns in each floral
 morph. 3. By observing individual pollinators and pollen deposition and
 delivery in small field-based experimental arrays with emasculated and
 intact flowers, we studied pollination patterns mediated by different
 insect types (long- and short-tongued) in the two floral morphs (long- and
 short-styled) of the style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus. We investigated
 patterns of pollen transfer between and within style morphs in cross
 pollinations, as well as self-pollination and pollen-removal rates, for
 each floral morph mediated by each insect type. 4. Long-tongued insects
 were efficient pollinators of both floral morphs as they removed little
 pollen from the anthers but deposited comparatively large amounts on the
 stigmas. Although disassortative and assortative pollen transfer were
 equally high to the long-styled morph, the former prevailed in the
 short-styled morph. Short-tongued insects removed large amounts of pollen
 from the anthers but deposited only a few pollen grains on the long-styled
 stigmas and a negligible number of grains on short-styled stigmas
 regardless of the morph of the donor. 5. In this study we provide
 empirical support for the hypothesis that, under the action of
 long-tongued pollinators, pollen transfer patterns in the stylar-dimorphic
 Narcissus papyraceus resemble in part those of heterostylous species. In
 addition, we found that short-tongued insects act mostly as pollen
 thieves, thereby limiting the male fitness of both style morphs, besides
 depleting the female fitness of S-morph plants. In view of these results,
 we propose that the differing pollination efficiencies of floral visitors,
 in addition to their frequency, are key in determining the morph ratio of
 populations in this Narcissus.
description: Pollen deposited on
 stigmas in cross and self polllinations and pollen load on
 anthersThree tables are
 provided. Table 1 shows number of pollen grains deposited on stigmas in
 disassortative and assortative crosses between floral morphs of
 style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus, mediated by insects either with long
 or short tongue. Table 2 provides number of self-pollen grains deposited
 on stigmas after a single visit of each insect typpe in each floral morph.
 Table 3 gives the amount of pollen on anthers of either unvisited flowers
 and flowers single-visited by each insect type.Dryad_VISP_etal_2013JEcol.docx