cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.93n5r
title: Data from: Decomposing changes in phylogenetic and functional diversity over space and time

description: 1. The α, β, γ diversity decomposition methodology is commonly used to
 investigate changes in diversity over space or time but rarely conjointly.
 However, with the ever-increasing availability of large-scale biodiversity
 monitoring data, there is a need for a sound methodology capable of
 simultaneously accounting for spatial and temporal changes in diversity.
 2. Using the properties of Chao's index, we adapted Rao's
 framework of diversity decomposition between orthogonal dimensions to a
 multiplicative α, β, γ decomposition of functional or phylogenetic
 diversity over space and time, thereby combining their respective
 properties. We also developed guidelines for interpreting both temporal
 and spatial β-diversities and their interaction. 3. We characterised the
 range of β-diversity estimates and their relationship to the nested
 decomposition of diversity. Using simulations, we empirically demonstrated
 that temporal and spatial β-diversities are independent from each other
 and from α and γ-diversities when the study design is balanced, but not
 otherwise. Furthermore, we showed that the interaction term between the
 temporal and the spatial β-diversities lacked such properties. 4. We
 illustrated our methodology with a case study of the spatio-temporal
 dynamics of functional diversity in bird assemblages in four regions of
 France. Based on these data, our method makes it possible to discriminate
 between regions experiencing different diversity changes in time. Our
 methodology may therefore be valuable for comparing diversity changes over
 space and time using large-scale datasets of repeated surveys.
description: DataThe datafile contains
 five files: (1) The site by species matrices of the four studied regions.
 Row labels indicate the identity of the site and the year of sampling
 separated by "_". (2) the functional tree of 217 bird species
 from France in Newick format, see supplementary material for details about
 its construction.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qb190
title: Data from: Variation in early life testosterone in a wild population of red deer

description: 1. Individual differences in circulating hormone concentrations can affect
 life history traits throughout an animal’s life. Despite this, relatively
 little is known about the potential drivers or consequences of individual
 variation in hormone levels, particularly in early life. In animals
 showing maternal care, early development is often dependent on maternal
 characteristics and condition. It is therefore possible that individual
 hormone profiles early in life are dependent on condition-linked
 characteristics of the mother. 2. Using data from a long-term study of a
 wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) population, we investigated the potential
 role of maternal effects on offspring early life testosterone
 concentrations and the relationship between these testosterone levels and
 juvenile survival. 3. Most of the variation among neonatal calves was
 accounted for by their age and sex. Both sexes showed a steep decline in
 testosterone levels within 24 hours of birth, although concentrations were
 consistently higher in males, and females showed a steeper decline in
 testosterone after 24 hours. Furthermore, male calves born in years after
 a brother had lower concentrations than those who were preceded by a
 sister or who were firstborns. We did not find any evidence of repeatable
 differences among mothers in the testosterone levels of their calves, but
 there was significant inter-annual variation across the 17-year study
 period. 4. We also found early life testosterone to be associated with
 calf survival, but only amongst individuals already at higher mortality
 risk: male calves born to first-time mothers were increasingly less likely
 to survive with higher neonatal testosterone concentrations. 5. These
 results support the suggestion that a neonate’s circulating testosterone
 concentrations can be linked to both individual and maternal
 characteristics, and that inter-individual variation in these levels can
 have implications for juvenile fitness within a wild mammal population.
description: Neonatal testosterone
 dataframeFile includes all data
 required to reproduce analyses in the paper. Definitions of data columns
 can be found in Table 1 of paper with the exception of "ID":
 unique number identifying the calf. Calf age column names have also been
 abbreviated (though definitions can be found in Table 1)- CalfAge24:
 "At/before or after 24 hours" (see Table1); CalfAgeHrs:
 "Age (hours)" (see Table1)DryadDataframe150114.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g3p5h
title: Data from: Diet and birdsong: short-term nutritional enrichment improves songs of adult Bengalese finch males

description: Song is a notable sexual signal of birds, and serves as an honest
 indicator of male quality. Condition dependence of birdsong has been well
 examined from the viewpoint of the developmental stress hypothesis, which
 posits that complex songs assure fitness because learned acoustic features
 of songs are especially susceptible to early-life stress that young birds
 experience in song learning periods. The effect of early stress on song
 phenotypes should be crucial, especially in age-limited song learners
 which sing stereotyped songs throughout life. However, little attention
 has been paid to non-learned song features that can change plastically
 even in adulthood of age-limited song-learners. Although it has been shown
 that food availability affects song rate in wild songbirds, there is
 limited evidence of the link between favorable nutritional conditions and
 song phenotypes other than song rate. Under the prediction that singing
 behavior reflects an individual’s recent life history, we kept adult
 Bengalese finch males under high-nutrition or normal diet for a short
 term, and examined changes in body mass and songs. We found that birds on
 a high-nutrition diet showed higher song output (e.g. song rate and
 length) compared with those of the control group, while changes in body
 mass were moderate. In addition, note repertoire became more consistent
 and temporal structures got faster in both nutrition and control groups,
 which indicates that songs were subject to other factors than nutrition.
 Considering that female estrildid finches, including Bengalese and zebra
 finches, show a preference toward complex songs as well as longer songs
 and higher song rate, it is plausible that different aspects of singing
 behavior signal different male qualities, and provide multifaceted clues
 to females that choose mates.
description: Song and mass changes
 datadata.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n2677
title: Data from: Energy expenditure and body size are targets of natural selection across a wide geographic range, in a terrestrial invertebrate

description: One of the central questions in evolutionary ecology is how different
 functional capacities impact fitness, and how it varies across
 populations. For instance, do phenotypic attributes influence fitness
 similarly across geographic gradients? Which traits (physiological,
 morphological, life history) are most likely to be targets of natural
 selection? Do particular combinations of traits maximize fitness? In a
 semi-natural experiment, we analyzed introduced populations of an invasive
 species, the garden snail (Cornu aspersum) in Chile, which show low levels
 of genetic differentiation in spite of the distance. Specifically, we
 addressed whether the magnitude, sign and form of selection in snail
 populations could explain the differentiation (or its absence) among
 populations. A common garden/reciprocal transplant experiment was
 performed in three populations (La Serena, Constitución and Valdivia) that
 span a 1300 km latitudinal gradient and differ markedly in climate
 (semiarid North to humid South). We then released ca. 450 individuals per
 population (two generations after field-captured snails) in replicated
 enclosures at the range extremes (La Serena and Valdivia). Morphological
 (size and shell darkness), physiological (standard metabolic rate and
 digestive efficiency) and life history (growth rate) traits were measured
 in all snails before the release. Survival was recorded monthly during one
 year. However, we only detected significant selection on body size (MB),
 residual standard metabolic rate (SMRR) and growth rate. Survival was
 significantly higher in snails from La Serena than in snails from
 Constitución and Valdivia, when raised at La Serena. However, at Valdivia
 survival was not different among source populations. Interestingly, we
 found negative correlational selection in MB and SMRR at La Serena whereas
 at Valdivia, we only found directional selection on growth rate and MB,
 and stabilizing selection on SMRR. These results suggest that selection on
 physiological traits related with energy allocation is pervasive,
 irrespective of climate and distance.
description: Full
 datasetColumns are: id
 (individual), site (location where the snails were released), box
 (enclosures for cage effects), pop (original population where grandfathers
 were collected), w (fitness, measured as longevity in a scale ranging from
 1 to 12), bm_dig (body mass measured when digestibility was measured), dif
 (dry-mass digestibility), bm_smr (body mass when standard metabolic rate
 was recorded), smr (standard metabolic rate), col (color in a gray scale),
 b_mass (average body mass), g_rate (growth rate)Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j0s643c
title: Data from: Physiological predictors of reproductive performance in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

description: Background: It is widely assumed that variation in fitness components has
 a physiological basis that might underlie selection on trade-offs, but the
 mechanisms driving decreased survival and future fecundity remain elusive.
 Here, we assessed whether physiological variables are related to workload
 ability or immediate fitness consequences and if they mediate future
 survival or reproductive success. We used data on 13 physiological
 variables measured in 93 female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at
 two breeding stages (incubation, chick-rearing), for first-and
 second-broods over two years (152 observations). Results: There was little
 co-variation among the physiological variables, either in incubating or
 chick-rearing birds, but some systematic physiological differences between
 the two stages. Chick-rearing birds had lower hematocrit and plasma
 creatine kinase but higher hemoglobin, triglyceride and uric acid levels.
 Only plasma corticosterone was repeatable between incubation and
 chick-rearing. We assessed relationships between incubation or
 chick-rearing physiology and measures of workload, current productivity,
 future fecundity or survival in a univariate manner, and found very few
 significant relationships. Thus, we next explored the utility of
 multivariate analysis (principal components analysis, Mahalanobis
 distance) to account for potentially complex physiological integration,
 but still found no clear associations. Conclusions: This implies either
 that a) birds maintained physiological variables within a homeostatic
 range that did not affect their performance, b) there are relatively few
 links between physiology and performance, or, more likely, c) that the
 complexity of these relationships exceeds our ability to measure it.
 Variability in ecological context may complicate the relationship between
 physiology and behavior. We thus urge caution regarding the
 over-interpretation of isolated significant findings, based on single
 traits in single years, in the literature.
description: Data_Fowler et
 al_StarlingData on 14 physiological
 variables and measures of workload, current productivity, future
 fecundity, and survival measured in 93 female European starlings (Sturnus
 vulgaris) at two breeding stages (incubation, chick-rearing), for
 first-and second-broods over two years (152
 observations).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gm6mc
title: Data from: Translocation tactics: a framework to support the IUCN Guidelines for wildlife translocations and improve the quality of applied methods

description: 1. Translocation is a popular conservation tool, but the outcomes are
 variable. Many tactics can be used to improve the probability of success,
 but a comprehensive summary of these does not exist. This increases the
 risk that valuable tactics will be overlooked, and inhibits effective
 communication. 2. We assess the diversity of ‘translocation tactics’ used
 in mammal and bird translocations, by reviewing the IUCN/SSC Guidelines
 for Reintroduction and other Conservation Translocations, 195
 peer-reviewed articles and 73 case studies from the IUCN/SSC Global
 Reintroduction Perspectives Series.3. We recorded descriptions of every
 technique used to influence the post-release performance of translocated
 wildlife. We developed the Translocation Tactics Classification System
 (TTCS) which defines a collection of 30 tactics and organize them into an
 ecologically relevant framework. We also assess the occurrence of tactics
 within the Guidelines, the primary literature and the case studies to
 evaluate how tactics are communicated within these mediums. 4. Our results
 indicate that the Guidelines are a valuable resource, but do not
 exhaustively cover tactics, and that detailed methodological accounts are
 rarely made publicly accessible. This highlights the need to develop
 context-specific resources to support the Guidelines, and to develop and
 exploit mediums that facilitate recording of methodological detail, the
 tactical rationale behind the design and evaluations of effectiveness.
 Although some forms of grey literature address this issue, the general
 lack of information limits the ability to investigate the relationship
 between tactics and translocation success. 5. Synthesis and applications.
 The Translocation Tactics Classification System (TTCS) provides a
 checklist which ensures that the full diversity of tactics is considered
 when developing translocation processes. Standardizing the communication
 of tactics, and encouraging detailed accounts of applied methodologies to
 be recorded, along with the tactical reasoning behind the design, will
 provide operational models and the data required to conduct broad-scale
 meta-analyses.
description: Literature review data
 for: Translocation tactics: A framework to support the IUCN Guidelines for
 wildlife translocations and improve the quality of applied methods,
 Batson, William G., Gordon, Iain J., Fletcher, Donald B., Manning, Adrian
 D.This data file includes
 the detection rate of tactics within each publication from the three form
 of media review during this study. Detection rate is essentially a measure
 of occurrence within individual publications.Excel for
 dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2pn66
title: Data from: Genetic structure of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) corresponds with spread of white-nose syndrome among hibernacula

description: Until recently, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) was one of the
 most common bat species in North America. However, this species currently
 faces a significant threat from the emerging fungal disease white-nose
 syndrome (WNS). The aims of this study were to examine the population
 genetic structure of M. lucifugus hibernating colonies in Pennsylvania
 (PA) and West Virginia (WV), and to determine whether that population
 structure may have influenced the pattern of spread of WNS. Samples were
 obtained from 198 individuals from both uninfected and recently infected
 colonies located at the crest of the disease front. Both mitochondrial
 (636bp of cytochrome oxidase I) and nuclear (8 microsatellites) loci were
 examined. Although no substructure was evident from nuclear DNA,
 female-mediated gene flow was restricted between hibernacula in western PA
 and the remaining colonies in eastern and central PA and WV. This
 mitochondrial genetic structure mirrors topographic variation across the
 region: 3 hibernating colonies located on the western Appalachian plateau
 were significantly differentiated from colonies located in the central
 mountainous and eastern lowland regions, suggesting reduced gene flow
 between these clusters of colonies. Consistent with the hypothesis that
 WNS is transmitted primarily through bat-to-bat contact, these same 3
 hibernating colonies in westernmost PA remained WNS-free for 1–2 years
 after the disease had swept through the rest of the state, suggesting that
 female migration patterns may influence the spread of WNS across the
 landscape.
description: mtDNA (COI) sequences
 for Myotis lucifugusThe file lists mtDNA
 (cytochrome oxidase I) haplotype sequences for 179 Myotis lucifugus
 sampled in Pennsylvania, USA, 19 individuals from Snedegars Cave in West
 Virginia, and 17 individuals from Aeolus bat cave in
 Vermont.Mlucifugus_Seqs_Dryad.txt
DOI: 10.15468/dl.h8cptd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3032 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Nicandra physalodes",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3032 records from 321 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000951-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p546pb2
title: Data from: Consequences of swamp forest fragmentation on assemblages of vascular epiphytes and climbing plants: evaluation of the metacommunity structure

description: Aim: Habitat reduction in fragmented landscapes provides an opportunity to
 study the biogeographic patterns that drive changes in diversity in poorly
 studied metacommunities. In this study, colonization-extinction dynamics
 were indirectly evaluated through the analysis of the species-area
 relationship and the nestedness of vascular epiphytes and climbing plants
 in 30 swamp forest fragments. Location: Coast of the Araucanía Region in
 Chile. Taxon: Vascular epiphytes (16 species, mainly Pteridophytes) and
 climbing plants (15 species). Methods: We used the database in
 Pincheira-Ulbrich et al. (2016), where 904 trees were sampled and a total
 abundance of 41,097 fern fronds and 3,098 climbing stems were reported.
 For the species-area relationship, a simple linear regression model (SLR)
 and two models that consider the spatial autocorrelation of species
 richness among fragments, generalized least squares (GLS) and simultaneous
 autoregressive model (SAR), were compared. For the species nestedness, the
 nestedness measure based on overlap and decreasing fills (NODF) and
 weighted nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill (WNODF)
 indexes were used on presence-absence and abundance matrices,
 respectively. These matrices were sorted by area size and distance from
 the largest fragment, and then contrasted with the probability
 distribution of a randomized null model based on 10,000 simulations.
 Results: The results showed that the area size had a significantly
 positive effect on epiphyte species richness, while spatial
 autocorrelation played a fundamental role in explaining the richness of
 climbing plants. Both metacommunities had a general nestedness structure
 in terms of species incidence, which was determined first by area size and
 secondly by isolation. Main conclusions: Our results indicate that local
 colonization processes determined by species’ dispersal capacities could
 be the predominant mechanism for the spatial configuration of climbing
 plant species composition. On the other hand, selective extinction
 determined by patch size could characterize the spatial structure of
 epiphyte species’ composition.
description: Data from: Consequences
 of swamp forest fragmentation on assemblages of vascular epiphytes and
 climbing plants: evaluation of the metacommunity
 structureAppendix. Nestedness
 matrices of species composition (in rows) of vascular epiphytes (n = 16
 species) and climbing plants (n = 15 species) in 30 fragments of swamp
 forest (in columns)Appendix.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v67g3
title: Data from: Polyandry, predation, and the evolution of frog reproductive modes

description: Frog reproductive modes are complex phenotypes that include egg/clutch
 characteristics, oviposition site, larval development, and sometimes,
 parental care. Two evident patterns in the evolution of these traits are
 the higher diversity of reproductive modes in the tropics and the apparent
 progression from aquatic to terrestrial reproduction, often attributed to
 higher fitness resulting from decreased predation on terrestrial eggs and
 tadpoles. Here, we propose that sexual selection—and not only natural
 selection due to predation—favors terrestrial breeding by reducing the
 loss of fitness due to polyandry. To examine this novel selective
 mechanism, we reconstructed the evolution of reproductive diversity in two
 frog families (Hylidae and Leptodactylidae) and tested for concerted
 evolution of egg and tadpole development sites with specific mating
 behaviors. We found that oviposition and tadpole development sites are
 evolving independently, do not show the same diversity and/or
 directionality in terms of terrestriality, and thus may be diversifying
 due to different selective mechanisms. In both families, terrestrial egg
 deposition is correlated with amplexus that is hidden from competing
 males, and in hylids, testes mass was significantly larger and more
 variable in males with exposed amplexus that are vulnerable to polyandry.
 Our results indicate that intrasexual selection has been an
 underappreciated mechanism promoting diversification of frog reproductive
 modes.
description: Reproductive
 characteristics of hylid and leptodactylid frogs (Amphibia,
 Anura)Data for 330 hylid and
 leptodactylid species included in Zamudio et al. 2016 (The American
 Naturalist) with references. Species in bold were used for
 non-phylogenetic analyses only. Blank cells represent missing data.
 Complete references in alphabetical order are given on the second
 sheet.Zamudioetal_FrogReproductionDataset_AmNat.xlsx