cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2169-v1
title: Neat Theories, Messy Realities: How to Apply Absolute Definitions to Gradient Phenomena, 2014

description: "Neat Theories, Messy Realities" is a project that explores the structures of languages. Traditional definitions of language phenomena such as allomorphy (a type of relation between the forms of a language and their meanings) are stated in terms of absolute criteria. However, such definitions are inadequate for describing the real complexity found in language data. As a result, our descriptions of languages are often inaccurate and incomplete, hindering both scholars and language learners. "Neat Theories, Messy Realities" examines data from Russian and other languages that have defied analysis. The goal is not to discard traditional definitions, but to determine standards for applying them even when absolute criteria are not met. Statistical methods are key to evaluating the data and establishing such standards.	

All the data related to this project have been archived in TROLLing (the Tromsø Repository of Language and Linguistics), an international open access archive for linguistic research data. The items that are relevant to this project are:

- Why Russian Prefixes Aren't Empty
- Replication data for: Russian nu-drop verbs
- Replication data for: V-temporal adverbials in Slavic
- Russian -n'kat' verbs
- Russian -n'ki words
- Replication data for: Metafor og metonymi: personkarakteriserende sammensatte substantiv i norsk
- Variation in pri- and pod- attenuatives in Russian
- Non-Standard Allomorphy in Russian Prefixes: Corpus, Experimental, and Statistical Exploration
- Four North Saami Ambipositions
- Replication data for: Russian adverbials with the preposition "v"

Data are freely available for downloading from: http://opendata.uit.no/dvn/dv/trolling
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2170-v1
title: Bio-Ethanol in Public Transport: An Integrated Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Climate Change Policies in Urban Areas, 2014

description: The implementation of climate change policies as mitigation measures against greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may create complex changes in the atmosphere. Particular sectors such as transport have been affected by abatement actions, and the measures have included moving from fossil based energy to increased use of bio-fuels. This, however, may create new environmental challenges. While the GHG emissions will be reduced, emissions of other compounds may increase. An example is the use of bio-ethanol for transportation which is increasing worldwide. The project "Bio-Ethanol in Public Transport: An Integrated Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Climate Change Policies in Urban Areas, 2014" is funded by the Norwegian Research Council, and aims to investigate the impact of bioethanol fuelled vehicles. In order to add light and contribute to the understanding of emissions from bio-ethanol, an innovative measurement campaign was carried out in Oslo as case-study and specific organic and inorganic compounds were measured. The BieBus project evaluates the implementation of an integrated assessment tool for the evaluation of alternative fuels in transport via air pollution measurements, dispersion modelling and cost analysis.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2171-1-v2
title: Democratic Legitimacy by Performance? Citizen Data from Norway, 2012

description: The fundamental idea of this comparative research project is to investigate the significance of local governments' service delivery and performance as a basis for the legitimacy they acquire. Through a combination of extensive survey analysis and case studies, the project investigates local elected representatives', administrative staffs' and citizens' perceptions of local government input and output based legitimacy in two different national contexts (Norway and Sweden). Input legitimacy will depart from the values of liberal democracy and measures like trust in elected representatives, belief in the importance of transparency and similar procedural characteristics, while output legitimacy will be based in the actors view on corruption, discrimination and similar violations of the principle of impartiality as well as service satisfaction, view on service flexibility and efficiency. We analyze to what extent legitimacy generated at the output side of the political system (or by performance) supports more traditional forms of legitimacy based in democratic representation and accountability or, conversely, whether output based legitimacy poses a challenge to the latter. Focus is on the consequences of public management reform and governance on public support for traditional forms of input based democratic government.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2171-2-v1
title: Democratic Legitimacy by Performance? Citizen Data from Sweden, 2012

description: The fundamental idea of this comparative research project is to investigate the significance of local governments' service delivery and performance as a basis for the legitimacy they acquire. Through a combination of extensive survey analysis and case studies, the project investigates local elected representatives', administrative staffs' and citizens' perceptions of local government input and output based legitimacy in two different national contexts (Norway and Sweden). Input legitimacy will depart from the values of liberal democracy and measures like trust in elected representatives, belief in the importance of transparency and similar procedural characteristics, while output legitimacy will be based in the actors view on corruption, discrimination and similar violations of the principle of impartiality as well as service satisfaction, view on service flexibility and efficiency. We analyze to what extent legitimacy generated at the output side of the political system (or by performance) supports more traditional forms of legitimacy based in democratic representation and accountability or, conversely, whether output based legitimacy poses a challenge to the latter. Focus is on the consequences of public management reform and governance on public support for traditional forms of input based democratic government.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2171-3-v2
title: Democratic Legitimacy by Performance? Manager Data from Norway, 2012

description: The fundamental idea of this comparative research project is to investigate the significance of local governments' service delivery and performance as a basis for the legitimacy they acquire. Through a combination of extensive survey analysis and case studies, the project investigates local elected representatives', administrative staffs' and citizens' perceptions of local government input and output based legitimacy in two different national contexts (Norway and Sweden). Input legitimacy will depart from the values of liberal democracy and measures like trust in elected representatives, belief in the importance of transparency and similar procedural characteristics, while output legitimacy will be based in the actors view on corruption, discrimination and similar violations of the principle of impartiality as well as service satisfaction, view on service flexibility and efficiency. We analyze to what extent legitimacy generated at the output side of the political system (or by performance) supports more traditional forms of legitimacy based in democratic representation and accountability or, conversely, whether output based legitimacy poses a challenge to the latter. Focus is on the consequences of public management reform and governance on public support for traditional forms of input based democratic government.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2171-4-v2
title: Democratic Legitimacy by Performance? Manager Data from Sweden, 2012

description: The fundamental idea of this comparative research project is to investigate the significance of local governments' service delivery and performance as a basis for the legitimacy they acquire. Through a combination of extensive survey analysis and case studies, the project investigates local elected representatives', administrative staffs' and citizens' perceptions of local government input and output based legitimacy in two different national contexts (Norway and Sweden). Input legitimacy will depart from the values of liberal democracy and measures like trust in elected representatives, belief in the importance of transparency and similar procedural characteristics, while output legitimacy will be based in the actors view on corruption, discrimination and similar violations of the principle of impartiality as well as service satisfaction, view on service flexibility and efficiency. We analyze to what extent legitimacy generated at the output side of the political system (or by performance) supports more traditional forms of legitimacy based in democratic representation and accountability or, conversely, whether output based legitimacy poses a challenge to the latter. Focus is on the consequences of public management reform and governance on public support for traditional forms of input based democratic government.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2172-1-v2
title: NOKUT National Student Survey 2014, Subject Groups

description: This survey is a national student survey on students perceptions of the quality of study programs in Norway, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research. The purpose of the survey is to strengthen work with the quality of higher education in Norway, and contribute to public confidence in Norwegian higher education. The results of the survey will be made public in a web portal, with the purpose of giving information on quality of different study programs. The survey will be done each october/november, first time autumn 2013. This file contains no information about the institution or the program of study. However, the file includes personal background variables, NUS code, subject groups etc. The file is suitable for analysis (with the most possible individual data) of fields of study, subject areas and subject groups.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2172-1-v3
title: NOKUT National Student Survey 2014, Subject Groups

description: This survey is a national student survey on students perceptions of the quality of study programs in Norway, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research. The purpose of the survey is to strengthen work with the quality of higher education in Norway, and contribute to public confidence in Norwegian higher education. The results of the survey will be made public in a web portal, with the purpose of giving information on quality of different study programs. The survey will be done each october/november, first time autumn 2013. 

This file contains no information about the institution or the program of study. However, the file includes personal background variables, NUS code, subject groups etc. The file is suitable for analysis (with the most possible individual data) of fields of study, subject areas and subject groups.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2172-2-v2
title: NOKUT National Student Survey 2014, Study Program

description: This survey is a national student survey on students perceptions of the quality of study programs in Norway, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research. The purpose of the survey is to strengthen work with the quality of higher education in Norway, and contribute to public confidence in Norwegian higher education. The results of the survey will be made public in a web portal, with the purpose of giving information on quality of different study programs. The survey will be done each october/november, first time autumn 2013. This file contains no personal background variables. However, the file includes information about programs of study and institutions. The file is suitable for analysis of programs of study.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2172-2-v3
title: NOKUT National Student Survey 2014, Study Program

description: This survey is a national student survey on students perceptions of the quality of study programs in Norway, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research. The purpose of the survey is to strengthen work with the quality of higher education in Norway, and contribute to public confidence in Norwegian higher education. The results of the survey will be made public in a web portal, with the purpose of giving information on quality of different study programs. The survey will be done each october/november, first time autumn 2013. 

This file contains no personal background variables. However, the file includes information about programs of study and institutions. The file is suitable for analysis of programs of study.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2172-3-v2
title: NOKUT National Student Survey 2014, Institutions

description: This survey is a national student survey on students perceptions of the quality of study programs in Norway, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research. The purpose of the survey is to strengthen work with the quality of higher education in Norway, and contribute to public confidence in Norwegian higher education. The results of the survey will be made public in a web portal, with the purpose of giving information on quality of different study programs. The survey will be done each october/november, first time autumn 2013. This file contains no information about the programs of study. However, the file includes personal background variables and information about and institutions. The file is suitable for analysis (with the most possible individual data) on the level of institutions.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2172-3-v3
title: NOKUT National Student Survey 2014, Institutions

description: This survey is a national student survey on students perceptions of the quality of study programs in Norway, on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research. The purpose of the survey is to strengthen work with the quality of higher education in Norway, and contribute to public confidence in Norwegian higher education. The results of the survey will be made public in a web portal, with the purpose of giving information on quality of different study programs. The survey will be done each october/november, first time autumn 2013.

This file contains no information about the programs of study. However, the file includes personal background variables and information about and institutions. The file is suitable for analysis (with the most possible individual data) on the level of institutions.
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2173-v1
title: When Do We Lie? 2012

description: "When Do We Lie? 2012" reports from an experiment studying how the aversion to lying is affected by non-economic dimensions of the choice situation. Specifically the study investigates whether people are more or less likely to lie when the content of the lie is personal, when they base decisions on intuition, and when they are in a market context. In addition, the study focused on how aversion to lying depends on personal characteristics, including age, gender, cognitive ability, personality and social preferences. The main finding is that non-economic aspects of the choice situation are crucial in understanding aversion to lying. In particular, people seem to be less likely to lie when the content of the message is personal. There are also found to be large effects from priming the participants to rely on intuition, but, interestingly, in this case the effect only applies to males. Finally, people who are highly motivated by social preferences are more averse to lying, but there is no significant relationship between lying behavior and other personal characteristics. 

"When Do We Lie? 2012" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2174-v1
title: Responsibility for What? Fairness and Individual Responsibility, 2006

description: What should individuals be held responsible for? This is a fundamental question in much of the contemporary debate on distributive justice. Different fairness ideals, such as strict egalitarianism, and different versions of equal opportunity ethics and libertarianism give different answers to this question. In order to study the prevalence of these fairness ideals in society, this project present the results from a dictator game where the distribution phase is preceded by a production phase. Each participant's contribution is a result of working time, productivity and price. Factors are estimated for what factors the participants hold each other responsible for and the weight they attach to fairness. In addition, the study discuss how fairness preferences relate to business education and labour market experiences by comparing the estimates for business students at different stages of their education, and by comparing the estimates for final-year business students with the estimates for former business students with some years of work experience. 

"Responsibility for What? Fairness and Individual Responsibility, 2006" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2175-v1
title: The Importance of Moral Reflection and Self-Reported Data in a Dictator Game with Production, 2006

description: "The Importance of Moral Reflection and Self-Reported Data in a Dictator Game with Production, 2006" studies how individual behavior is affected by moral reflection in a dictator game with production. In the experiment individuals reflect on fairness, in a structured way, before they play the dictator game. The results suggest that moral reflection not only increases the weight people attach to fairness in distributive choices, but also has a strong effect on what people consider fair. Furthermore, the self-reported data are found to have substantial informational value, but do not add explanatory power to a random utility model estimated on purely behavioral data. Finally, the project investigates whether there is a self-serving bias in the participants’ fairness perceptions, but evidence of this phenomenon is not found in the data. 

"The Importance of Moral Reflection and Self-Reported Data in a Dictator Game with Production, 2006" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2176-v1
title: Needs vs. Entitlements? An International Fairness Experiment, 2007

description: What is the relative importance of needs, entitlements, and nationality in people's social preferences? To study this question, this project conducted a real-effort dictator experiment where students in two of the world's richest countries, Norway and Germany, were matched directly with students in two of the world's poorest countries, Uganda and Tanzania. The experimental design made the participants face distributive situations where different moral motives came into play, and based on the observed behavior a social preference model focusing on how people make trade-offs between entitlements, needs, and self-interest was estimated. The study provides four main findings. First, entitlement considerations are crucial in explaining distributive behavior in the experiment; second, needs considerations matter a lot for some participants; third, the participants acted as moral cosmopolitans and did not assign importance to nationality in their distributive choices; and, finally, the participants' choices are consistent with a self-serving bias in their social preferences. 

"Needs vs. Entitlements? An International Fairness Experiment, 2007" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2177-v1
title: Just Luck - An Experimental Study of Risk Taking and Fairness, 2007

description: Choices involving risk significantly affect the distribution of income and wealth in society. "Just Luck - An Experimental Study of Risk Taking and Fairness, 2007" reports the results of the first experiment (to the researchers`knowledge) to study fairness views about risktaking, specifically whether such views are based chiefly on ex ante opportunities or on ex post outcomes. The results show that even though many participants focus exclusively on ex ante opportunities, most favor some redistribution ex post. Many participants also make a distinction between ex post inequalities that reflect differences in luck and ex post inequalities that reflect differences in choices. These findings apply to both stakeholders and impartial spectators. 

"Just Luck - An Experimental Study of Risk Taking and Fairness, 2007" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2178-v1
title: Do non-Enforcable Contracts Matter? Evidence from an International Experiment, 2008

description: Many verifiable contracts are impossible or difficult to enforce. This applies to contracts among family and friends, contracts regulating market transactions, and sovereign debt contracts. Do such non-enforceable contracts matter? "Do non-Enforcable Contracts Matter? Evidence from an International Experiment, 2008" 
studies repayment decisions in the presence of non-enforceable loan contracts by using a version of the trust game with participants from Norway and Tanzania. The main findings are that the specific content of the contract has no effect on loan repayment. Rather, the borrowers seem to be motivated by other moral motives, which contributes to explaining why they partly fulfill non-enforceable contracts. The results also show that some borrowers violate the axiom of first-order stochastic dominance when rejecting loan offers. This seems partly to be due to negative reciprocity, but may also reflect that there are individuals who have a preference for not accepting something referred to as a "loan". 

"Do non-Enforcable Contracts Matter? Evidence from an International Experiment, 2008" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/ds/2950833
title: AdultoMayor_1_fc
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2179-v1
title: The Development of Inequality Acceptance, 2007

description: Fairness considerations fundamentally affect human behavior, but our understanding of the nature and development of people's fairness preferences is limited. The dictator game has been the standard experimental design for studying fairness preferences, but it only captures a situation where there is broad agreement that fairness requires equality. In real life, people often disagree on what is fair because they disagree on whether individual achievements, luck, and efficiency considerations of what maximizes total benefits can justify inequalities. In this study the the dictator game was modified to capture these features and studied how inequality acceptance develops in adolescence. The results show that as children enter adolescence, they increasingly view inequalities reflecting differences in individual achievements, but not luck, as fair, whereas efficiency considerations mainly play a role in late adolescence. 

"The Development of Inequality Acceptance, 2007" is generated in the project "Responsibility, Individual Choice and Restributive Policy".
DOI: 10.18712/nsd-nsd2181-v3
title: Equal Opportunities and Long-Term Care - The Mediating Role of the Welfare State, 2013

description: Population ageing represents fundamental challenges for future long-term care. Needs threaten to exceed the resources of the family and the welfare state. The present gender bias in care provision is hardly sustainable for ageing societies, and new forms of social inequalities may arise and conflict with other priority goals such as a fair distribution of public services and equal opportunities in work for women and men. This motivates an interest in exploring the interaction between formal and informal care from a gender perspective. The present project investigates the barriers and possibilities for equal opportunities in long-term care. 

This dataset includes data from a survey experiment among professional needs assessors for long-term care services in Norway. 

Data are freely available for downloading.