cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-458-1
title: Diagram MAPD0458

description: Acutis Spatiosis: The diagram represents the passage of the Moon latitudinally and obliquely through the zodiacal band. Across five parallel and equally spaced horizontal lines a diagonal is drawn. On the middle parallel appears a small circle labeled for the Sun. Along the diagonal appears a small circle labeled for the Moon. In the acute angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "acutus"; in the obtuse angles formed by the intersections of diagonal and parallels are labels "spatiosus''. The phrase from the text of Capella, "aut acutis aut spatiosis", appears in complete or abbreviated form above the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-460-1
title: Diagram MAPD0460

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-462-1
title: Diagram MAPD0462

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-466-1
title: Diagram MAPD0466

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-467-1
title: Diagram MAPD0467

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-476-1
title: Diagram MAPD0476

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-549-1
title: Diagram MAPD0549

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-558-1
title: Diagram MAPD0558

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-569-1
title: Diagram MAPD0569

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-616-1
title: Diagram MAPD0616

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-627-1
title: Diagram MAPD0627

description: Latitudes Circular: The circular presentation of planetary latitudes occurs against a framework of thirteen concentric circles spaced at equal radial intervals. Each space between two succeeding circles represents one degree of the zodiacal band of twelve degrees in width. The middle, or seventh, circle represents the plane of the ecliptic. Against this framework the path of every planet but one, the Sun, appears as a circle that intersects one or more of the circles of the zodiac. The sun's path, because of the text of Pliny, follows a serpentine line that focuses upon the middle circle and passes above and below it to touch the next circle on either side of the middle circle. With the zodiacal circles numbered from 1 to 13, from the center outwards, the moon touches circle 13 on one side of the diagram and circle 1 on the opposite side; this represents Pliny's assignment of twelve degrees for the lunar latitude. The diagram shows Venus extending beyond circle 13 and cutting inside circle 1 to represent Pliny's two degrees beyond the zodiacal width for this planet's latitude. Mercury has a latitude of eight, from circle 11 to circle 3. Mars has a latitude of four in the middle, from circle 9 to circle 5. Jupiter, with three degrees of latitude in Pliny's text, moves from circle 9 to circle 6. Saturn receives two degrees of latitude ``like the sun'' according to Pliny's text. Nowhere does Pliny specify that Saturn has a serpentine path like that ascribed to the sun, and his phrase ``like the sun'' appears to mean the same two degrees as the sun supposedly crosses in the zodiac; most of the diagrams place Saturn's name outside the solar serpentine path and provide no separate circle for the latitude of Saturn.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-431-1
title: Diagram MAPD0431

description: Eclipses: The diagram combines both solar and lunar eclipses in a single diagram. It presents only the longitudinal motions and accounts for only the most basic elements of solar and lunar eclipse. The figure combines the elements for a plane representation of both solar and lunar eclipses.Two concentric circles show the paths of Sun and Moon around the earth, usually labeled and placed in the center of the circles, though sometimes off-center. Vertically and in line with each other, are four small circles, representing the bodies of the Earth and planets involved. Lowest is the body of the Moon on its circle. Next is the earth, connected to the lunar body by a cone or column for the shadow ("umbra", when labeled) of the Earth upon the Moon below it. Vertically above the Earth is another lunar circle, here for a solar eclipse. Uppermost in the diagram is the small circle for the body of the Sun. Between the upper lunar circle and the solar circle above it appears the label for ``conjunction'' ("coitus").
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-432-1
title: Diagram MAPD0432

description: Eclipses: The diagram combines both solar and lunar eclipses in a single diagram. It presents only the longitudinal motions and accounts for only the most basic elements of solar and lunar eclipse. The figure combines the elements for a plane representation of both solar and lunar eclipses.Two concentric circles show the paths of Sun and Moon around the earth, usually labeled and placed in the center of the circles, though sometimes off-center. Vertically and in line with each other, are four small circles, representing the bodies of the Earth and planets involved. Lowest is the body of the Moon on its circle. Next is the earth, connected to the lunar body by a cone or column for the shadow ("umbra", when labeled) of the Earth upon the Moon below it. Vertically above the Earth is another lunar circle, here for a solar eclipse. Uppermost in the diagram is the small circle for the body of the Sun. Between the upper lunar circle and the solar circle above it appears the label for ``conjunction'' ("coitus").
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-443-1
title: Diagram MAPD0443

description: Equales Inequales: The diagram represents the simple difference between perpendicular (at equal angles) and oblique (at unequal angles) paths, which characterize the different speeds of rising and setting of constellations. Across four parallel horizontals are drawn both a diagonal and a perpendicular. These latter two lines intersect in the middle space formed by the four parallels. The label, "equales - inequales" appears above the diagram. No labels appear on the angles formed within the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-455-1
title: Diagram MAPD0455

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-463-1
title: Diagram MAPD0463

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-465-1
title: Diagram MAPD0465

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-484-1
title: Diagram MAPD0484

description: Length of Seasons: The description in the text and the diagrams in the manuscripts coincide well. The purpose of the diagram is solely to show that the four equal quadrants of the zodiac contain four unequal lengths of the year and what those lengths are. Initially the circle of the twelve signs is laid out, usually within a circular band, sometimes on the outside of a single circle. The four cardinal points ABΓΔ are set anti-clockwise at 90-degree intervals, beginning with A at Aries 0° and at 12 o'clock. Two perpendicular diameters connect the pairs of points AΓ and BΔ. The letter Θ appears at the centerpoint, where the diameters intersect.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-512-1
title: Diagram MAPD0512

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-516-1
title: Diagram MAPD0516

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-542-1
title: Diagram MAPD0542

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-548-1
title: Diagram MAPD0548

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-570-1
title: Diagram MAPD0570

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-571-1
title: Diagram MAPD0571

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-573-1
title: Diagram MAPD0573

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-583-1
title: Diagram MAPD0583

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-591-1
title: Diagram MAPD0591

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-620-1
title: Diagram MAPD0620

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-622-1
title: Diagram MAPD0622

description: no name and description
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-631-1
title: Diagram MAPD0631

description: Planetary Intervals List: The Plinian list of planetary intervals takes the form of a vertical list of zodiac, planets, and earth, named in Plinian/Ptolemaic order. The Plinian harmonic interval between each pair of planets (including zodiac and Earth at the two extremes of the list) is named in its place between the two respective planets vertically. The planetary harmonic intervals provided in the Plinian excerpt are as follows: Erde - Mond = Ganzton, Mond - Merkur = Halbton, Merkur - Venus = Halbton, Venus - Sonne = Drei Halbtöne, Sonne - Mars = Ganzton, Mars - Jupiter = Halbton, Jupiter - Saturn = Halbton, Saturn - Tierkreis = Drei Halbtöne. Infrequently this list appears horizontally rather than vertically. Only when combined with the rectangular latitude diagram as a horizontal list below the grid, does the intervals list consistently appear with this orientation.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-634-1
title: Diagram MAPD0634

description: Planetary Order List: The Plinian diagram for planetary order that appears as a list most commonly takes the form of seven small circles placed close together horizontally. Below each circle, from left to right, a planetary name appears from Saturn to Moon, in Plinian/Ptolemaic order (Saturn - Jupiter - Mars - Sun - Venus - Mercury - Moon). The Earth is not represented. Variations are common in this diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-636-1
title: Diagram MAPD0636

description: Latitudes Circular: The circular presentation of planetary latitudes occurs against a framework of thirteen concentric circles spaced at equal radial intervals. Each space between two succeeding circles represents one degree of the zodiacal band of twelve degrees in width. The middle, or seventh, circle represents the plane of the ecliptic. Against this framework the path of every planet but one, the Sun, appears as a circle that intersects one or more of the circles of the zodiac. The sun's path, because of the text of Pliny, follows a serpentine line that focuses upon the middle circle and passes above and below it to touch the next circle on either side of the middle circle. With the zodiacal circles numbered from 1 to 13, from the center outwards, the moon touches circle 13 on one side of the diagram and circle 1 on the opposite side; this represents Pliny's assignment of twelve degrees for the lunar latitude. The diagram shows Venus extending beyond circle 13 and cutting inside circle 1 to represent Pliny's two degrees beyond the zodiacal width for this planet's latitude. Mercury has a latitude of eight, from circle 11 to circle 3. Mars has a latitude of four in the middle, from circle 9 to circle 5. Jupiter, with three degrees of latitude in Pliny's text, moves from circle 9 to circle 6. Saturn receives two degrees of latitude ``like the sun'' according to Pliny's text. Nowhere does Pliny specify that Saturn has a serpentine path like that ascribed to the sun, and his phrase ``like the sun'' appears to mean the same two degrees as the sun supposedly crosses in the zodiac; most of the diagrams place Saturn's name outside the solar serpentine path and provide no separate circle for the latitude of Saturn.
description: Medieval Diagrams