cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013252
title: Effect of oral dietary supplement for chicks subjected to thermal oscillation on performance and intestinal morphometry

description: ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nutritional formulation based on amino acids and vitamins supplemented in the drinking water for chicks in the first week of life subjected to thermal oscillation on performance, organ development and intestinal morphometry from 1 to 21 days. 640-male broiler chicks were distributed in a 2x2 factorial completely randomized design (with or without dietary supplementation and at comfort temperature or thermal oscillation). Chicks subjected to thermal oscillation presented worse performance (p &lt; 0.05) than those under thermal comfort of 1 to 7, 1 to 14 and 1 to 21 days. Nutritional supplementation did not alter the performance (p &lt; 0.05) of the birds, but resulted in a higher body weight (p &lt; 0.05) regardless of the environmental thermal condition. At 7 days, chicks under thermal comfort had better intestinal morphometric parameters (p &lt; 0.05), in relation to birds under thermal oscillation. In conclusion, the temperature oscillations caused negative consequences to the productive performance and the intestinal morphology of chicks for which dietary supplementation was not enough to mitigate the effects of the environmental challenge during the first week of life of the birds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013252.v1
title: Effect of oral dietary supplement for chicks subjected to thermal oscillation on performance and intestinal morphometry

description: ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nutritional formulation based on amino acids and vitamins supplemented in the drinking water for chicks in the first week of life subjected to thermal oscillation on performance, organ development and intestinal morphometry from 1 to 21 days. 640-male broiler chicks were distributed in a 2x2 factorial completely randomized design (with or without dietary supplementation and at comfort temperature or thermal oscillation). Chicks subjected to thermal oscillation presented worse performance (p &lt; 0.05) than those under thermal comfort of 1 to 7, 1 to 14 and 1 to 21 days. Nutritional supplementation did not alter the performance (p &lt; 0.05) of the birds, but resulted in a higher body weight (p &lt; 0.05) regardless of the environmental thermal condition. At 7 days, chicks under thermal comfort had better intestinal morphometric parameters (p &lt; 0.05), in relation to birds under thermal oscillation. In conclusion, the temperature oscillations caused negative consequences to the productive performance and the intestinal morphology of chicks for which dietary supplementation was not enough to mitigate the effects of the environmental challenge during the first week of life of the birds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013253
title: Chemical-physical characteristics of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat subjected to different aging times

description: ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different aging times on the meat characteristics from young Murrah buffaloes slaughtered at 20-24 months of age (experiment I; n=10) and Murrah buffalo heifers slaughtered at 32-36 months of age (experiment II; n=10), with the purpose of determining the best aging time to tenderize meat from both experiments. Samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle from buffaloes slaughtered at each age were aged for 7, 14, and 21 days (0±1°C). After this period, analysis of cholesterol, pH, cooking loss, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, meat color, and fatty acid profile was performed. Aging greatly improved the tenderness (p &lt; 0.05) but caused a change in color (p &lt; 0.05), which, even without difference between the treatments for subjective perception of the color (ΔE; p &gt; 0.05), was considered very noticeable to the human eye. Furthermore, aging reduced the polyunsaturated fatty acids (p &lt;0.05) and did not affect the levels of cholesterol (p &gt; 0.05) in the meat of young buffalo and buffalo heifers of advanced age. Based on the evaluated meat characteristics, concludes that seven days of aging are sufficient for older buffalo heifers, but 21 days of aging are required for the younger male group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013253.v1
title: Chemical-physical characteristics of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat subjected to different aging times

description: ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different aging times on the meat characteristics from young Murrah buffaloes slaughtered at 20-24 months of age (experiment I; n=10) and Murrah buffalo heifers slaughtered at 32-36 months of age (experiment II; n=10), with the purpose of determining the best aging time to tenderize meat from both experiments. Samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle from buffaloes slaughtered at each age were aged for 7, 14, and 21 days (0±1°C). After this period, analysis of cholesterol, pH, cooking loss, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, meat color, and fatty acid profile was performed. Aging greatly improved the tenderness (p &lt; 0.05) but caused a change in color (p &lt; 0.05), which, even without difference between the treatments for subjective perception of the color (ΔE; p &gt; 0.05), was considered very noticeable to the human eye. Furthermore, aging reduced the polyunsaturated fatty acids (p &lt;0.05) and did not affect the levels of cholesterol (p &gt; 0.05) in the meat of young buffalo and buffalo heifers of advanced age. Based on the evaluated meat characteristics, concludes that seven days of aging are sufficient for older buffalo heifers, but 21 days of aging are required for the younger male group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013255.v1
title: Physical and chemical characteristics of milk from goats supplemented with different levels of total digestible nutrients in the dry period

description: ABSTRACT. We evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of raw milk from goats supplemented with levels of Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) in the dry period. Samples from 20 goats were divided into 4 groups, 3 groups received 400g concentrate per animal with different levels of TDN (65, 75 and 85%), and the control group (without concentrate). Four samples of milk were used for each animal, in four sampling periods, which were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. There was no significant difference between the treatments for the parameters of acidity and fat. The diet without concentrate presented higher value for the cryoscopic index. Mean values of the four treatments were within the range set by the Brazilian legislation for all parameters evaluated. The use of concentrate, containing 85% TDN in goat supplementation, was favored the physical and chemical characteristics of the milk during the dry period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013255
title: Physical and chemical characteristics of milk from goats supplemented with different levels of total digestible nutrients in the dry period

description: ABSTRACT. We evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of raw milk from goats supplemented with levels of Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) in the dry period. Samples from 20 goats were divided into 4 groups, 3 groups received 400g concentrate per animal with different levels of TDN (65, 75 and 85%), and the control group (without concentrate). Four samples of milk were used for each animal, in four sampling periods, which were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. There was no significant difference between the treatments for the parameters of acidity and fat. The diet without concentrate presented higher value for the cryoscopic index. Mean values of the four treatments were within the range set by the Brazilian legislation for all parameters evaluated. The use of concentrate, containing 85% TDN in goat supplementation, was favored the physical and chemical characteristics of the milk during the dry period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013256.v1
title: Carcass characteristics and sensorial evaluation of meat from Nellore steers and crossbred Angus vs. Nellore bulls

description: ABSTRACT. This study evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of 36-month old Nellore steers finished in pastures (n = 10) and 20-month old Angus vs. Nellore bulls finished in feedlot (n = 10). Final body weight, carcass weight, characteristics, conformation and fat thickness, were higher (p &lt; 0.001) for the Nellore steers than for Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Water losses during chilling (24 hours, 4oC) were lower (p &lt; 0.05) for Nellore steers than for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Muscle percentage on the 6th rib was higher (p &lt; 0.05) for the Nellore steers than for Angus vs. Nellore bulls; while bone percentage was lower (p &lt; 0.05) for Nellore steers. After 7 and 14 days of ageing, the L* meat value was higher for the Nellore steers than for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls; the L* meat value was similar (p &gt; 0.05) throughout the ageing period for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls, but higher in meat from the Nellore steers (p &lt; 0.05). Genetic group had no effect (p &gt; 0.05) on meat a* value (redness). Likewise, ageing time had no effect on a* in both genetic groups, and genetic group had no effect (p &gt; 0.05) on meat b* value (yellowness). On the other hand, b* was increased after day 7 of ageing for the bulls from the two genetic groups. Thawing and cooking losses were lower for Nellore steers after day 7 of aging (p &lt; 0.05). The meat of the Angus vs. Nellore bulls was more tender (p &lt; 0.05) at all ageing times studied (1, 4, 7 and 14 days) than the meat of the Nellore steers. Genetic group had no effect (p &gt; 0.05) on lipid oxidation; however, lipid oxidation increased after day7. Meat from Nellore steers contained a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA), a lower percentage of unsaturated (UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a similar percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the meat from Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Intramuscular fat from Nellore steers had a more favourable n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio than that from Angus vs. Nellore bulls (4.37 vs. 11.45, respectively). Tenderness, flavour and overall acceptability were higher (p &lt; 0.001) for meats of the Nellore steers, regardless of ageing time (1, 4, 7 and 14 days).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013256
title: Carcass characteristics and sensorial evaluation of meat from Nellore steers and crossbred Angus vs. Nellore bulls

description: ABSTRACT. This study evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of 36-month old Nellore steers finished in pastures (n = 10) and 20-month old Angus vs. Nellore bulls finished in feedlot (n = 10). Final body weight, carcass weight, characteristics, conformation and fat thickness, were higher (p &lt; 0.001) for the Nellore steers than for Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Water losses during chilling (24 hours, 4oC) were lower (p &lt; 0.05) for Nellore steers than for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Muscle percentage on the 6th rib was higher (p &lt; 0.05) for the Nellore steers than for Angus vs. Nellore bulls; while bone percentage was lower (p &lt; 0.05) for Nellore steers. After 7 and 14 days of ageing, the L* meat value was higher for the Nellore steers than for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls; the L* meat value was similar (p &gt; 0.05) throughout the ageing period for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls, but higher in meat from the Nellore steers (p &lt; 0.05). Genetic group had no effect (p &gt; 0.05) on meat a* value (redness). Likewise, ageing time had no effect on a* in both genetic groups, and genetic group had no effect (p &gt; 0.05) on meat b* value (yellowness). On the other hand, b* was increased after day 7 of ageing for the bulls from the two genetic groups. Thawing and cooking losses were lower for Nellore steers after day 7 of aging (p &lt; 0.05). The meat of the Angus vs. Nellore bulls was more tender (p &lt; 0.05) at all ageing times studied (1, 4, 7 and 14 days) than the meat of the Nellore steers. Genetic group had no effect (p &gt; 0.05) on lipid oxidation; however, lipid oxidation increased after day7. Meat from Nellore steers contained a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA), a lower percentage of unsaturated (UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a similar percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the meat from Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Intramuscular fat from Nellore steers had a more favourable n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio than that from Angus vs. Nellore bulls (4.37 vs. 11.45, respectively). Tenderness, flavour and overall acceptability were higher (p &lt; 0.001) for meats of the Nellore steers, regardless of ageing time (1, 4, 7 and 14 days).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992744
title: Ruminal degradation of elephant grass silages added with faveira pods

description: ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ ruminal degradability of elephant grass silages with addition of 8, 16 and 24% of faveira pods in experimental silos of 100x50 mm, equipped with bunsen valves. The content of crude protein (cp) and neutral detergent fiber (ndf) were determined on a dry matter basis. To evaluate the in situ degradability of dm, cp and ndf, nylon bags containing 4 g sample were incubated in the rumen of three fistulated cattle for 6, 24 and 72h. The dm and cp content of elephant grass silages increased (p &lt; 0.05) from 8% inclusion associated with a higher concentration of constituents in faveira pods (77.25 and 9.61% dm). The ndf fraction reduced 10.91% (p &lt; 0.05) when adding 24% pods. The potential degradation (pd) of dm and cp increased with inclusion of faveira pods, with 75.97 and 95.21%, respectively, for the level of 24%. There was increased potentially degradable fraction (bp) of ndf by 7.07% with inclusion of 24% faveira pods, as well as a reduced colonization time (lag) from 3.81 to 3.44 hours. The addition of up to 24% faveira pods to elephant grass silages improves rumen microbial degradation, and it is indicated this level of addition to obtain better quality silage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992744.v1
title: Ruminal degradation of elephant grass silages added with faveira pods

description: ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ ruminal degradability of elephant grass silages with addition of 8, 16 and 24% of faveira pods in experimental silos of 100x50 mm, equipped with bunsen valves. The content of crude protein (cp) and neutral detergent fiber (ndf) were determined on a dry matter basis. To evaluate the in situ degradability of dm, cp and ndf, nylon bags containing 4 g sample were incubated in the rumen of three fistulated cattle for 6, 24 and 72h. The dm and cp content of elephant grass silages increased (p &lt; 0.05) from 8% inclusion associated with a higher concentration of constituents in faveira pods (77.25 and 9.61% dm). The ndf fraction reduced 10.91% (p &lt; 0.05) when adding 24% pods. The potential degradation (pd) of dm and cp increased with inclusion of faveira pods, with 75.97 and 95.21%, respectively, for the level of 24%. There was increased potentially degradable fraction (bp) of ndf by 7.07% with inclusion of 24% faveira pods, as well as a reduced colonization time (lag) from 3.81 to 3.44 hours. The addition of up to 24% faveira pods to elephant grass silages improves rumen microbial degradation, and it is indicated this level of addition to obtain better quality silage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013258
title: Mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation among Central Javanese Duck in Indonesia

description: ABSTRACT. This study was realized to determine the genetic variation of Central Javanese duck based on the D-Loop mtDNA gene. D-loop gene was amplified using PCR technique by specific primer and sequenced using dideoxy termination method with ABI automatic sequencer. ClustalW from MEGA-6.06 software program was employed for multiple alignments of nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide sequences of D-loop gene of mtDMA from the Central Javanese duck were aligned together with other Anas isolates from Genbank using ClustalW of MEGA-6.06 program. The estimation of genetic distance and phylogenetic tree construction were analyzed by Neighbor-Joining method, whereas the calculation of distance matrix was performed using Kimura 2-parameter. Multiple alignments obtained were 720 nucleotides at position 56 to 779 at the 5 'end. The results of the polymorphism analysis on D-loop sequences produced 23 haplotypes. However, this haplotype information does not represent the relationship among the geographical origins of duck with the certain duck species name. Moreover, a total number of 32 variable sites were identified. Insertions were detected in four sequences (126, 155, 771 and 779 nucleotide number). In the phylogenetic analysis, it is safe to conclude that the Central Javanese duck is closely related to Anas platyrhynchos and Anas zonorynchos.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013258.v1
title: Mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation among Central Javanese Duck in Indonesia

description: ABSTRACT. This study was realized to determine the genetic variation of Central Javanese duck based on the D-Loop mtDNA gene. D-loop gene was amplified using PCR technique by specific primer and sequenced using dideoxy termination method with ABI automatic sequencer. ClustalW from MEGA-6.06 software program was employed for multiple alignments of nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide sequences of D-loop gene of mtDMA from the Central Javanese duck were aligned together with other Anas isolates from Genbank using ClustalW of MEGA-6.06 program. The estimation of genetic distance and phylogenetic tree construction were analyzed by Neighbor-Joining method, whereas the calculation of distance matrix was performed using Kimura 2-parameter. Multiple alignments obtained were 720 nucleotides at position 56 to 779 at the 5 'end. The results of the polymorphism analysis on D-loop sequences produced 23 haplotypes. However, this haplotype information does not represent the relationship among the geographical origins of duck with the certain duck species name. Moreover, a total number of 32 variable sites were identified. Insertions were detected in four sequences (126, 155, 771 and 779 nucleotide number). In the phylogenetic analysis, it is safe to conclude that the Central Javanese duck is closely related to Anas platyrhynchos and Anas zonorynchos.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245092.v1
title: In vitro evaluation of palm fronds as feedstuff on ruminal digestibility and gas production

description: ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to evaluate using palm fronds only or supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes as alternative roughage on the ruminal nutrients digestibility and gas production. Treatments were: clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum), palm fronds only and palm fronds plus fibrolytic enzymes (enzymes were mixed with palm fronds in rate of 4 g kg-1 of dry matter (DM). The results showed a reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in gas production, ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N, DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility in palm fronds compared with clover hay. While supplementing palm fronds with fibrolytic enzymes improved DM and OM digestibility compared with palm fronds only without (p &lt; 0.05) differences with clover hay. Also, supplementing palm fronds with fibrolytic enzymes reduced (p &lt; 0.05) gas production compared with other treatments. It could be concluded that adding fibrolytic enzymes improved the utilization of palm fronds as alternative roughage without negative effect on nutrients digestibility and reduced gas production which improve the environmental aspects of feeding ruminant animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245092
title: In vitro evaluation of palm fronds as feedstuff on ruminal digestibility and gas production

description: ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to evaluate using palm fronds only or supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes as alternative roughage on the ruminal nutrients digestibility and gas production. Treatments were: clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum), palm fronds only and palm fronds plus fibrolytic enzymes (enzymes were mixed with palm fronds in rate of 4 g kg-1 of dry matter (DM). The results showed a reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in gas production, ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N, DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility in palm fronds compared with clover hay. While supplementing palm fronds with fibrolytic enzymes improved DM and OM digestibility compared with palm fronds only without (p &lt; 0.05) differences with clover hay. Also, supplementing palm fronds with fibrolytic enzymes reduced (p &lt; 0.05) gas production compared with other treatments. It could be concluded that adding fibrolytic enzymes improved the utilization of palm fronds as alternative roughage without negative effect on nutrients digestibility and reduced gas production which improve the environmental aspects of feeding ruminant animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245119
title: Nutritional composition of pre-dried silage of different winter cereals

description: ABSTRACT. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition of the forage and pre-dried silage from twelve winter cereals harvested at pre-flowering. We used black oat (Avena strigosa) cv. EMB 139 and cv. IAPAR 61; white oat (Avena sativa) cv. IPR and 126 hp. URS Taura; barley (Hordeum vulgare) cv. BRS Brau and cv. BRS Cauê; wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. BRS Umbu and cv. BRS Tarumã; rye (Secale cereale) cv. Temprano and cv. BRS Serrano; and triticale (X. Triticosecale) cv. IPR and 111 hp. BRS Saturno. Plants were harvested at pre-flowering, when they were pre-dried and ensiled. The analysis of variance evidenced nutritional differences between species and cultivars. Triticale cv. IPR 111 showed notorious chemical characteristics in relation to the other treatments, highest protein content (113.7 g kg-1) and lower content of NDF and ADF (657.9 and 380.9 g kg-1, respectively). Among the pre-dried silages, barley cv. BRS Cauê had the highest level of NDT (614.7 g kg-1). Triticale cv. IPR 111 was shown as a high-quality nutritional food as forage and kept these characteristics after conservation. On the other hand, the pre-dried silage of barley cv. BRS Cauê showed the highest potential for nutrient degradability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245119.v1
title: Nutritional composition of pre-dried silage of different winter cereals

description: ABSTRACT. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition of the forage and pre-dried silage from twelve winter cereals harvested at pre-flowering. We used black oat (Avena strigosa) cv. EMB 139 and cv. IAPAR 61; white oat (Avena sativa) cv. IPR and 126 hp. URS Taura; barley (Hordeum vulgare) cv. BRS Brau and cv. BRS Cauê; wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. BRS Umbu and cv. BRS Tarumã; rye (Secale cereale) cv. Temprano and cv. BRS Serrano; and triticale (X. Triticosecale) cv. IPR and 111 hp. BRS Saturno. Plants were harvested at pre-flowering, when they were pre-dried and ensiled. The analysis of variance evidenced nutritional differences between species and cultivars. Triticale cv. IPR 111 showed notorious chemical characteristics in relation to the other treatments, highest protein content (113.7 g kg-1) and lower content of NDF and ADF (657.9 and 380.9 g kg-1, respectively). Among the pre-dried silages, barley cv. BRS Cauê had the highest level of NDT (614.7 g kg-1). Triticale cv. IPR 111 was shown as a high-quality nutritional food as forage and kept these characteristics after conservation. On the other hand, the pre-dried silage of barley cv. BRS Cauê showed the highest potential for nutrient degradability.