cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5772294.v1
title: Influence of Macrophomina phaseolina inoculation methodologies on the performance of soybean cultivars

description: ABSTRACT Charcoal rot caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major diseases that causes rot in the root system and stem of soybean plants, and its occurrence has increased at every harvest season. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of M. phaseolina inoculation methodologies on the performance of soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in sub-subdivided plots, containing two soybean cultivars (NA 7337 RR and CD 2737 RR), six inoculation methods (non-inoculated seed, seed inoculated for 48 hours, seed inoculated for 72 hours, soil infestation with three rice grains, soil infestation with six rice grains and soil infestation with nine rice grains) and three evaluation periods (20, 40 and 60 days after sowing) with 6 replicates. Evaluations were performed by measuring the height of plants, diameter of the colon, number of leaves, length and width of leaves and incidence of the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Results of the experiments indicated that the inoculation method using rice grains inoculated with the fungus M. phaseolina provided greater damage to the cultivar NA 7337 RR, but the cultivar CD 2737 RR was influenced by the method of inoculating directly in the soybean seed. The cultivar NA 7337 RR showed to be more tolerant to the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In the evaluation periods, the indirect quantification parameters of the disease progressively evolved at 20, 40 and 60 days. Only control treatment did not present the fungus M. phaseolina and all employed inoculation methods provided the development of the fungus in soybean plants. All inoculation methods were efficient in inoculating M. phaseolina in soybean plants. The method of directly inoculating in the seed for 48 and 72 hours developed early symptoms
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7185947.v1
title: Inoculation of Curvularia eragrostidis in yam plants (Dioscorea alata) cv. São Tomé

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select the method of C. eragrostidis inoculation in yam seedlings (Dioscorea alata) cv. São Tomé to determine the infection and the latency period. The isolate of C. eragrostidis was obtained from yam leaves showing symptoms of the disease. Plants aged 45 days old, cultivated in a greenhouse, were inoculated with the pathogen, as follows: T1 – Spore suspension (1x10 conidia mL-1); T2 – Colonial disks of 10mm fixed with adhesive tape (two on the abaxial surface and one on the adaxial surface); T3 - Brushing of spores; T4 - Cotton soaked in the inoculum suspension; T5 - Control (plants sprayed with sterile distilled water). After 72h of inoculation, the disease incidence was daily evaluated and the severity was assessed on the 15th day. The obtained results revealed that the spore suspension spraying method was more efficient for C. eragrostidis inoculation in yam seedlings, causing the first symptoms to appear from the third day after inoculation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6503198
title: Detection of antifungal activity of plant extracts on Alternaria citrus

description: ABSTRACT For approximately 15 years, Brazilian citriculture has suffered considerable losses in productivity and fruit quality as a result of the attack by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata f.sp. citri, which causes Alternaria brown spot (ABS). The disease control is still performed with the massive use of agrochemicals, reaching up to twenty applications per reproductive period. The present study evaluated the efficiency of in vitro and in vivo ABS control by using fermented extracts of Trifolium pratense and Daucus pusillus as a means to control the disease. Fermented extracts autoclaved at 40% showed 100% inhibition, while the crude extract of both plants had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, the best results were found with the preventive test of non-autoclaved Trifolium pratense, which inhibited the onset of the disease by 93%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6503198.v1
title: Detection of antifungal activity of plant extracts on Alternaria citrus

description: ABSTRACT For approximately 15 years, Brazilian citriculture has suffered considerable losses in productivity and fruit quality as a result of the attack by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata f.sp. citri, which causes Alternaria brown spot (ABS). The disease control is still performed with the massive use of agrochemicals, reaching up to twenty applications per reproductive period. The present study evaluated the efficiency of in vitro and in vivo ABS control by using fermented extracts of Trifolium pratense and Daucus pusillus as a means to control the disease. Fermented extracts autoclaved at 40% showed 100% inhibition, while the crude extract of both plants had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, the best results were found with the preventive test of non-autoclaved Trifolium pratense, which inhibited the onset of the disease by 93%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7185932
title: Fungicides in the management of soybean rust, physiological processes and crop productivity

description: ABSTRACT Currently, recommendations for the management of Asian soybean rust (ASR) have been based on the application of protective fungicides mixed with triazoles, strobilurins and carboxamides. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether the increased productivity provided by the application of mancozeb is due solely to the fungicidal action of the product or to some physiological changes in the plant and what type of changes these would be. The experiment was conducted from March to June 2015 at the experimental station of the company UDI Research and Development in Uberlândia-MG, using the soybean cultivar 97Y07 RR. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates and 14 treatments: control, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (58.45 + 116.55 g ha-1), azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (90 + 45 g ha-1), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (60 + 70 g ha-1), tebuconazole + picoxystrobin (100 + 60 g ha-1), picoxystrobin + cyproconazole (60 + 24 g ha-1), mancozeb (1125 g ha-1), azoxystrobin + tebuconazole + difenoconazole (60 + 120 + 75 g ha-1), and the mixtures: fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin + mancozeb, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr + mancozeb, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole + mancozeb, tebuconazole + picoxystrobin + mancozeb, picoxystrobin + cyproconazole + mancozeb, and azoxystrobin + tebuconazole + difenoconazole + mancozeb, at the same doses mentioned above. The first application of treatments was performed in R1 growth stage, in the absence of symptoms/signs of the disease. Applications, intervals and use of adjuvants were established according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Disease severity, concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids, and gas exchange were evaluated. These data were used to plot the progress curve for each variable (AUPC). At the end of the crop cycle, the number of pods per plant, grains per pod, productivity and thousand grain weight (TGW) were quantified. In conclusion, addition of mancozeb to the mixtures fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole and tebuconazole + picoxystrobin potentiated ASR control; mancozeb increased the AUPC for concentration of photosynthetic pigments; when added to the mixture azoxystrobin + tebuconazole + difenoconazole, mancozeb increased the AUPC for chlorophyll concentration; and when added to fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin it raised the AUPC for intrinsic water use efficiency and TGW.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7185932.v1
title: Fungicides in the management of soybean rust, physiological processes and crop productivity

description: ABSTRACT Currently, recommendations for the management of Asian soybean rust (ASR) have been based on the application of protective fungicides mixed with triazoles, strobilurins and carboxamides. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether the increased productivity provided by the application of mancozeb is due solely to the fungicidal action of the product or to some physiological changes in the plant and what type of changes these would be. The experiment was conducted from March to June 2015 at the experimental station of the company UDI Research and Development in Uberlândia-MG, using the soybean cultivar 97Y07 RR. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates and 14 treatments: control, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (58.45 + 116.55 g ha-1), azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (90 + 45 g ha-1), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (60 + 70 g ha-1), tebuconazole + picoxystrobin (100 + 60 g ha-1), picoxystrobin + cyproconazole (60 + 24 g ha-1), mancozeb (1125 g ha-1), azoxystrobin + tebuconazole + difenoconazole (60 + 120 + 75 g ha-1), and the mixtures: fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin + mancozeb, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr + mancozeb, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole + mancozeb, tebuconazole + picoxystrobin + mancozeb, picoxystrobin + cyproconazole + mancozeb, and azoxystrobin + tebuconazole + difenoconazole + mancozeb, at the same doses mentioned above. The first application of treatments was performed in R1 growth stage, in the absence of symptoms/signs of the disease. Applications, intervals and use of adjuvants were established according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Disease severity, concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids, and gas exchange were evaluated. These data were used to plot the progress curve for each variable (AUPC). At the end of the crop cycle, the number of pods per plant, grains per pod, productivity and thousand grain weight (TGW) were quantified. In conclusion, addition of mancozeb to the mixtures fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole and tebuconazole + picoxystrobin potentiated ASR control; mancozeb increased the AUPC for concentration of photosynthetic pigments; when added to the mixture azoxystrobin + tebuconazole + difenoconazole, mancozeb increased the AUPC for chlorophyll concentration; and when added to fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin it raised the AUPC for intrinsic water use efficiency and TGW.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7185398.v1
title: Evaluation of resistance of popcorn maize genotypes to fumonisin accumulation and fusarium ear rot

description: ABSTRACT Fusarium ear rot, caused by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, is one of the major diseases of popcorn maize (Zea mays) in Brazil and, besides reducing productivity, the action of the pathogen results in the contamination of grains by mycotoxins of the fumonisin group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of popcorn genotypes to fusarium ear rot and to the accumulation of fumonisins in the grains. The experiment was conducted in the field by adopting a randomized block design. Pathogen inoculation in the ear was artificial. Among the 22 evaluated genotypes, which included 16 progenitor lines and 6 varieties, there were significant differences (p = 0.05) in relation to the levels of fusarium rot and the accumulation of fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 in the grains. Spearman’s correlation for these variables was positive, but the correlation coefficients were low (r = 0.53; p &lt; 0.0002), showing that for this group of genotypes the quantification of fusarium ear rot has a small predictive value in relation to fumonisin content in the grains. This piece of information is believed to be useful for breeding programs of popcorn maize in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678463
title: Observational study of the effect of fluazinam on culture soybean productivity - Meta-analysis

description: ABSTRACT The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affects the soybean crop by causing yield loss. However, quantification of such damage still demands studies due to the interaction with the environment where the disease is inserted. Thus, the present paper has as objective to quantify in observational studies, by meta-analysis, the influence of the pathogen on soybean crop and to analyze the viability of chemical control with the fungicide fluazinam. The conducted observational trials accounted for 121 during the seasons 2011/2012 to 2014/2015, in which each study consisted of a plot with application and another plot without application of the fungicide fluazinam. Grouping the studies according to cultivars and crop season, 16 data entries (K = 16) were established for meta-analysis in random models. There were differences between the cultivars evaluated for yield in response to fungicide application. Moreover, as meta-analytical estimate, there was a positive response at 243.44 kg.ha-1, with amplitude from 142.83 to 344.05 kg.ha-1. For the studied region, in the south of Paraná State, Brazil, the probability for yield increase was 88.3%, and for an increase of 60, 120, 300 and 600 kg.ha-1 the probability was 81.5; 72.2; 69.9; 39.1 and 4.1 %, respectively. Considering R$ 70.00 the cost of soybean bag and R$ 160.00.ha-1 the cost of fungicide application, 69.9 % was estimated as the probability of financial return when using the fungicide. Thus, fluazinam application contributed to increase soybean yield against S. sclerotiorum incidence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678481
title: Severity of leaf diseases in onion seedlings produced in low tunnel.

description: ABSTRACT Production of onion seedlings at the region of Alto Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina State (SC), Brazil, occurs predominantly in seedbeds, where the plants are exposed to biotic and abiotic factors that directly influence the leaf health and the yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of covering seedbeds with low tunnel system on the yield and intensity of leaf diseases. The experiments were carried out in 2012 and 2013 at “Instituto Federal Catarinense”, Rio do Sul, SC. The treatments were with and without low tunnel system. Experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates and ten plants evaluated in each replicate. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and if significant compared according to Tukey’s test 5%. The fresh weight of the aerial part with the tunnel was superior to the conventional system by 127.38% and 125.40% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In 2012, there was a difference of 42.88% in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for leaf blight and in 2013 there was a difference of 87.27% and 85% in the AUDPC and final severity, respectively, for downy mildew. The seedlings grown in seedbeds with low tunnel system had superior yield and leaf health, compared to those obtained in the conventional production system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7185398
title: Evaluation of resistance of popcorn maize genotypes to fumonisin accumulation and fusarium ear rot

description: ABSTRACT Fusarium ear rot, caused by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, is one of the major diseases of popcorn maize (Zea mays) in Brazil and, besides reducing productivity, the action of the pathogen results in the contamination of grains by mycotoxins of the fumonisin group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of popcorn genotypes to fusarium ear rot and to the accumulation of fumonisins in the grains. The experiment was conducted in the field by adopting a randomized block design. Pathogen inoculation in the ear was artificial. Among the 22 evaluated genotypes, which included 16 progenitor lines and 6 varieties, there were significant differences (p = 0.05) in relation to the levels of fusarium rot and the accumulation of fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 in the grains. Spearman’s correlation for these variables was positive, but the correlation coefficients were low (r = 0.53; p &lt; 0.0002), showing that for this group of genotypes the quantification of fusarium ear rot has a small predictive value in relation to fumonisin content in the grains. This piece of information is believed to be useful for breeding programs of popcorn maize in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7941194
title: Evaluation of the use of biotic and abiotic resistance elicitors against anthracnose in grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.).

description: ABSTRACT Anthracnose of grapevine is a disease caused by the fungus Elsinoe ampelina, responsible for great damages to the crop. Plant protection by means of resistance induction has been viewed as an important alternative control measure. Resistance elicitors stimulate a series of reactions in the host for the production of metabolic compounds, providing protection to the plant against pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of biotic and abiotic resistance elicitors in the management of anthracnose for the cultivation of vine ‘Isabel’. The experiment in the field was carried out in the municipality of Natuba, Paraíba State, and fruits were analyzed in the Phytopathology Laboratory of Federal University of Paraiba, Areia. Treatments were: T1 – Control; T2 - Fungicide (Metiram + Pyraclostrobin); T3 - Potassium phosphite; T4 - AgroMos®; T5 – Fungicide + Potassium phosphite; T6 – Fungicide + AgroMos®, T7 - Potassium phosphite + AgroMos®; T8 – Fungicide + Potassium phosphite + AgroMos® composed of four replicates in randomized blocks. Applications were carried out at every seven days, totaling 12 applications during the crop cycle. Evaluations were done at every 15 days, considering nine leaves per plant. The analyzed variables were: incubation period, disease incidence and area below the disease progress curve. For physicochemical evaluations of fruits, the design was in randomized blocks, constituted of three clusters. The following were analyzed: bunch weight; bunch length and diameter; pulp yield; soluble solids; pH; titratable acidity and SS / TA ratio. Potassium phosphite applied alone or alternated with fungicide and/or AgroMos® on vines ‹Isabel› provided lower severity of E. ampelina. The length and the weight of grape bunches were positively influenced by potassium phosphite application. Potassium phosphite and AgroMos® applied either alone or in association did not affect pulp yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279178.v1
title: Phytophthora palmivora: causal agent of peach palm stem base rot in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The area planted with peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for the production of palm heart has increased in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Tocantins, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. In these regions, the crops are attacked by stipe basal rot (SBR), a disease associated with the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. There are few studies on this disease, and some doubts about the species Phytophthora palmivora remain. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify and morphologically, physiologically and molecularly characterize Phytophthora sp. isolates obtained from three peach palm plantation sites in order to elucidate its etiology. The 31 Phytophthora isolates were obtained from peach palm crops in the states of São Paulo (Eldorado, Cajati and Registro), Paraná (Paranaguá and Morretes) and Santa Catarina (Massaranduba, Garuva and Joinville). Mycelial growth of isolates was evaluated at eight temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 °C), as well as the aspect of the colony and the production of sporangia, chlamydospores and oospores. Fifty structures of each isolate were measured, as well as molecular analysis based on the regions ITS1 and ITS2 and Cox1 and Cox2. Three colony patterns were found: slightly starry, starry and cottony, and the first pattern was most frequent. There was no growth at 8 °C and 36 °C and the optimal growth temperature was 23.7 °C. The sporangia formed on sympodial ontogeny were papillate, predominantly ellipsoid, showing 21.1 – 84.8 µm length and 17.4 – 41.7 µm width, caducous, with a short pedicel of 0.4 - 6.6 µm and a length-to-width ratio varying from 1.3 to 1.9. The papillae measured between 0.9 – 11.2 µm length and 0.5 – 11.4 µm width. Chlamydospores were globose, terminal and interpolate, showing 20.0 – 53.6 µm diameter and 0.3 – 4.4 µm wall thickness. All isolates were heterothalic of the compatible mating type A1. Oospores were globose and aplerotic with no ornamented walls, measuring 26.0 – 63.6 µm, and showing amphigynous antheridia. Based on these morphological and molecular characteristics, the peach palm isolates were identified as Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678259
title: Reaction of accessions of Capsicum spp. to the fungus Fusarium solani

description: ABSTRACT The genus Capsicum belongs to the family Solanaceae, was originated in the South America and has been cultivated all over the world. Capsicum peppers are affected by several diseases. Among these diseases is collar rot, caused by the fungus Fusarium solani. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying, in the Capsicum collection constituted of 18 accessions, sources of resistance to the pathogen F. solani. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design with 18 treatments, 3 blocks and 3 plants per experimental unit. For inoculation, 51-day-old plants were used. The adopted methodology was root immersion with thinning in a conidial suspension of 1x106 conidia / ml for the period of 24 hours and transplantation in commercial substrate. The scores were transformed by using McKinney’s index to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were grouped according to Scott-Knott test and graphic dispersion. Accessions resistant to the pathogen were: UNEMAT - 115 (C. frutescens) and UNEMAT - 173 (C.chinense). Accessions that presented greater susceptibility to the pathogen were: UNEMAT-134 (C. baccatum var. Pendulum) and UNEMAT-140 (C. frutescens). We can conclude that there is genetic variability in the collection regarding resistance to the pathogen and that the methodology of dipping was effective in discriminating between resistance / susceptibility of Capsicum spp. to the pathogen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7941203
title: Induction of acibenzolar-S-methyl resistance in cowpea to control anthracnose.

description: ABSTRACT Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is of great importance due to its high protein and energy content for human diet. Among the major diseases of bean culture is anthracnose, caused by the development of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Resistance induction becomes an alternative to control this microorganism; among the most commonly used inducers is acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate ASM efficiency in controlling anthracnose in cowpea, which is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum URM 5771, as well as the activation of enzymes related to its pathogenicity. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, constituting 5 treatments (Treatment 1 - 0.15g L-1; Treatment 2 - 0.30g L-1; Treatment 3 - 0.45g L-1 and Treatment 4 - 0.60g L-1), including control (water only) and four replicates. Treatments with higher ASM levels provided higher enzymatic activity and, consequently, greater resistance to cowpea plants.