cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tq6q5
title: Data from: Spatial averaging and disturbance lead to high productivity in aquatic metacommunities

description: Dispersal in heterogeneous ecosystems, such as coastal metacommunities, is
 a major driver of diversity and productivity. According to theory, both
 species richness and spatial averaging shape a unimodal relationship of
 productivity with dispersal. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that
 disturbances acting on local patches would buffer the loss of productivity
 at high dispersal by preventing synchronized species oscillations. To
 simulate these disturbances, our experimental assemblages involved species
 that self-organized in isolation under three inflow pulsing frequencies,
 where hydraulic displacement and nutrient loading affected assemblage
 diversity and composition. At steady-state, the emerging isolated
 assemblages were connected at three levels of dispersal creating three
 metacommunities of different connectivity. Consistent with theory, as
 dispersal increased, species richness in the metacommunity declined;
 productivity however remained high. This occurred because the most
 productive species in our study (which dominated the isolated patch of
 intermediate inflow pulsing frequency) dominated all three patches (low,
 intermediate and high inflow pulsing frequencies) after dispersal
 commenced in our metacommunities. This experimental result provides
 empirical support for the mechanism of spatial averaging. Furthermore,
 disturbances, in the form of localized pulsed inflows, prevented
 population oscillation synchrony caused by homogenization. Overall, our
 observations suggest that localized environmental fluctuations and the
 identity of species seem to be more influential than dispersal in shaping
 the diversity and composition of phytoplankton assemblages and stabilizing
 productivity.
description: Phytoplankton species
 biovolumes and nutrient concentrationsRaw data originated from
 a laboratory microcosm experiment using phytoplankton. Biovolumes from
 each species and the total biovolume per sample are being provided.
 Further information include the nutrient concentrations measured.
 Dispersal rates and disturbance levels (pulses) are also provided. Units
 are provided in parenthesis.DATA
 dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h8t06
title: Data from: Blinded by the load: attention, awareness and the role of perceptual load

description: What is the relationship between attention and conscious awareness?
 Awareness sometimes appears to be restricted to the contents of focused
 attention, yet at other times irrelevant distractors will dominate
 awareness. This contradictory relationship has also been reflected in an
 abundance of discrepant research findings leading to an enduring
 controversy in cognitive psychology. Lavie's load theory of attention
 suggests that the puzzle can be solved by considering the role of
 perceptual load. Although distractors will intrude upon awareness in
 conditions of low load, awareness will be restricted to the content of
 focused attention when the attended information involves high perceptual
 load. Here, we review recent evidence for this proposal with an emphasis
 on the various subjective blindness phenomena, and their neural
 correlates, induced by conditions of high perceptual load. We also present
 novel findings that clarify the role of attention in the response to
 stimulus contrast. Overall, this article demonstrates a critical role for
 perceptual load across the spectrum of perceptual processes leading to
 awareness, from the very early sensory responses related to contrast
 detection to explicit recognition of semantic content.
description: Blinded by the load:
 attention, awareness and the role of perceptual loadBlinded by the load
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.st0qg956
title: Data from: Evolution of social versus individual learning in an infinite island model

description: We model the evolution of learning in a population composed of infinitely
 many, finite-sized islands connected by migration. We assume that there
 are two discrete strategies, social and individual learning, and that the
 environment is spatially homogeneous but varies temporally in a periodic
 or stochastic manner. Using a population-genetic approximation technique,
 we derive a mathematical condition for the two strategies to coexist
 stably and the equilibrium frequency of social learners under stable
 coexistence. Analytical and numerical results both reveal that social
 learners are favored when island size is large or migration rate between
 islands is high, suggesting that spatial subdivision disfavors social
 learners. We also show that the average fecundity of the population under
 stable coexistence of the two strategies is in general lower than that in
 the absence of social learners and is minimized at an intermediate
 migration rate.
description: Archive_Kobayashi_WakanoThis archive includes C codes and a Mathematica notebook necessary to reproduce numerical results in "Evolution of social versus individual learning in an infinite island model" by Kobayashi, Y. and Wakano, J. Y.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f06rn
title: Data from: Why does the rate of signal production in ectotherms vary with temperature?

description: The rate of signal production by social ectotherms is often temperature
 dependent. This has been typically attributed to an underlying thermal
 constraint on physiology, but there are other reasons why signal rates
 might be correlated to temperature. We tested 3 hypotheses. The maximal
 performance hypothesis: temperature limits motor activity at cold and hot
 temperatures, which predicts a hump-shape function between signal rate and
 temperature. The metabolic rate hypothesis: the available energy released
 by metabolism increases exponentially with temperature, which predicts an
 exponential increase in signal rates with temperature. The recipient
 availability hypothesis: the number of potential receivers varies with
 temperature, and signalers change their signal rates accordingly, which
 predicts an indirect association between signal rate and temperature. We
 tested these hypotheses using field data on the rate of advertisement
 display production by territorial Jamaican and Puerto Rican Anolis lizards
 from a variety of thermal environments, coupled with extensive
 observations on one montane population of A. gundlachi. In both cases, the
 slopes of display rate as a function of ambient temperature were
 statistically indistinguishable from slopes predicted by the performance
 hypothesis. Support for the other 2 hypotheses was weak or equivocal. This
 is the first study to test alternative hypotheses of why signal rates and
 temperature in ectotherms are correlated and to indicate that thermal
 performance curves measured in the lab can reliably predict important
 social behavior in the field.
description: Ord_TJ-BEHECO-2017-0105R1_genus-level-dataSee read me fileOrd_TJ-BEHECO-2017-0105R1_within-population-dataSee read me file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2qg02qq
title: Data from: Local and system-wide adaptation is influenced by population connectivity

description: Complex systems can be conceptualized and studied as networks of nodes
 with varying connectivity between nodes. In well-connected systems, local
 disturbance of individual nodes can be countered by input from
 neighbouring nodes, buffering the system against local change. Thus,
 pronounced change in a well-connected system may not occur until the
 system hits a threshold or ‘tipping point’ that drives a shift to an
 alternative, system-wide state. In contrast, poorly connected systems are
 more prone to gradual node-by-node change. We use forward-in-time
 simulations of multi-locus evolution to test these general predictions
 concerning complex systems. We do so in the context of local adaptation in
 patchy environments comprised of many demes (i.e., nodes) of two habitat
 types. We vary connectivity by manipulating migration rate and the spatial
 clustering of habitat types. We find gradual and ‘deme-by-deme’ dynamics
 of local adaptation when connectivity is low. The dynamics transition
 towards more sudden, system-wide shifts as population connectivity is
 increased (i.e., many demes adapt more suddenly and simultaneously). Our
 results support a trade-off between local and system-wide resilience, and
 we discuss their implications for the conservation of species living in
 patchy and fragmented habitats.
description: Linux binary for
 metapopulation simulation programThis is a compiled
 binary of the metapopulation simulation program for CentOS Linux 7.4. This
 program requires the GSL to run. Executing the program with no options
 provides the following help/usage menu: ./metapop version 1 -- Dec. 2016
 Usage: metapop [options] -g Number of generations -k Carrying capacity or
 constant population size -p Patch organization: 0 = coarse grain, 1 = fine
 grain, 2 = random -l Number of causal loci -m Migration rate between
 neighboring demes -s Per allele selection coefficient -r Genetic arch.: 1
 = SNPs liked, 0 = free recombination -v Standing genetic variation: 1 =
 true, 0 = false -u Mutation rate per locus -w Fitness function: 0 =
 additive, 1 = multiplicitive -f Outfile prefixmetapopSource code for the metapopulation simulation programThe compressed directory contains the source code for the metapopulation simulation program. This code was written in C++ and requires the GSL. To compile on a Linux system try: g++ -O3 -Wall -o metapop main.C func.C -lm -lgsl -lgslcblasmetapop_source.tar.gz
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mj0sf
title: Data from: Teasing apart plant community responses to N enrichment: the roles of resource limitation, competition and soil microbes

description: Although ecologists have documented the effects of nitrogen enrichment on
 productivity, diversity and species composition, we know little about the
 relative importance of the mechanisms driving these effects. We propose
 that distinct aspects of environmental change associated with N enrichment
 (resource limitation, asymmetric competition, and interactions with soil
 microbes) drive different aspects of plant response. We test this in
 greenhouse mesocosms, experimentally manipulating each factor across three
 ecosystems: tallgrass prairie, alpine tundra and desert grassland. We
 found that resource limitation controlled productivity responses to N
 enrichment in all systems. Asymmetric competition was responsible for
 diversity declines in two systems. Plant community composition was
 impacted by both asymmetric competition and altered soil microbes, with
 some contributions from resource limitation. Results suggest there may be
 generality in the mechanisms of plant community change with N enrichment.
 Understanding these links can help us better predict N response across a
 wide range of ecosystems.
description: Plant community data
 from three greenhouse mesocosm experiments (tallgrass prairie, alpine
 tundra, desert grassland) manipulating nitrogen, competition, and soil
 microbesData are from three
 greenhouse mesocosm experiments representing three different systems:
 tallgrass prairie, alpine tundra, desert grassland. Treatments were
 nitrogen fertilization, competition (planting density), and soil microbes
 (microbes from control or fertilized field plots). Each mesocosm consisted
 of a mix of 9 species. Data collected were the following: biomass (above +
 below ground) of each species in each mesocosm, total mesocosm biomass,
 diversity, evenness, richness.KNZ_NWT_SEV_greenhouse_exp_Dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2911p2v
title: Data from: Root responses to domestication, precipitation and silicification: weeping meadow grass simplifies and alters toughness

description: Background and aims: Plant breeding usually focuses on conspicuous
 above-ground plant traits, yet roots fundamentally underpin plant fitness.
 Roots show phenotypic plasticity in response to soil conditions but it is
 unclear whether domesticated plants respond like their ancestors. We aimed
 to determine how root traits differed between ancestral and domesticated
 types of a meadow grass (Microlaena stipoides) under altered regimes of
 precipitation and soil silicon availability. Methods: We subjected the two
 grass types to three simulated precipitation regimes (ambient, +50%/deluge
 and − 50%/drought) in soil with (Si+) and without (Si−) silicon
 supplementation and then characterised root biomass, architectural
 complexity and toughness in addition to shoot traits. Results:
 Domestication increased root tissue density, decreased specific root
 length (SRL) and decreased root architectural complexity. Domestication
 also increased root strength under Si − conditions but not
 Si + conditions. Fine roots, SRL, architectural complexity and the force
 required to tear the roots all decreased under deluge. The ancestral and
 domesticated grasses responded similarly to precipitation, except that the
 latter had weaker roots (decreased fracture strain) under drought.
 Conclusions: Domestication and increased precipitation caused changes in
 M. stipoides root traits that could be beneficial against some stresses
 (e.g. soil compaction, herbivory) but not others (e.g. drought).
description: DOM-Architecture
 data_rawDOM-Architecture
 data_relative root volumes at different root diametersDOM-Grass
 heightsDOM-Grass
 chemistry_strength_growthDOM-Grass
 chemistry_Strength_Growth.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r06rn
title: Data from: Environmental heterogeneity, multivariate sexual selection and genetic constraints on cuticular hydrocarbons in Drosophila simulans

description: Sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of many elaborate
 traits, but sexual trait evolution could be influenced by opposing natural
 selection as well as genetic constraints. As such, the evolution of sexual
 traits could depend heavily on the environment if trait expression and
 attractiveness vary between environments. Here, male Drosophila simulans
 were reared across a range of diets and temperatures, and we examined
 differences between these environments in terms of (1) the expression of
 male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), and (2) which male CHC profiles were
 most attractive to females. Temperature had a strong effect on male CHC
 expression, whereas the effect of diet was weaker. Male CHCs were subject
 to complex patterns of directional, quadratic and correlational sexual
 selection, and we found differences between environments in the
 combination of male CHCs that were most attractive to females, with
 clearer differences between diets than between temperatures. We also show
 that genetic covariance between environments is likely to cause a
 constraint on independent CHC evolution between environments. Our results
 demonstrate that even across the narrow range of environmental variation
 studied here, predicting the outcome of sexual selection can be extremely
 complicated, suggesting that studies ignoring multiple traits or
 environments may provide an over-simplified view of the evolution of
 sexual traits.
description: selection
 dataselection.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cd454
title: Data from: The Arabidopsis arc5 and arc6 mutations differentially affect plastid morphology in pavement and guard cells in the leaf epidermis

description: Chloroplasts, or photosynthetic plastids, multiply by binary fission,
 forming a homogeneous population in plant cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana,
 the division apparatus (or division ring) of mesophyll chloroplasts
 includes an inner envelope transmembrane protein ARC6, a cytoplasmic
 dynamin-related protein ARC5 (DRP5B), and members of the FtsZ1 and FtsZ2
 families of proteins, which co-assemble in the stromal mid-plastid
 division ring (FtsZ ring). FtsZ ring placement is controlled by several
 proteins, including a stromal factor MinE (AtMinE1). During leaf mesophyll
 development, ARC6 and AtMinE1 are necessary for FtsZ ring formation and
 thus plastid division initiation, while ARC5 is essential for a later
 stage of plastid division. Here, we examined plastid morphology in leaf
 epidermal pavement cells (PCs) and stomatal guard cells (GCs) in the arc5
 and arc6 mutants using stroma-targeted fluorescent proteins. The arc5 PC
 plastids were generally a bit larger than those of the wild type, but most
 had normal shapes and were division-competent, unlike mutant mesophyll
 chloroplasts. The arc6 PC plastids were heterogeneous in size and shape,
 including the formation of giant and mini-plastids, plastids with highly
 developed stromules, and grape-like plastid clusters, which varied on a
 cell-by-cell basis. Moreover, unique plastid phenotypes for stomatal GCs
 were observed in both mutants. The arc5 GCs rarely lacked
 chlorophyll-bearing plastids (chloroplasts), while they accumulated minute
 chlorophyll-less plastids, whereas most GCs developed wild type-like
 chloroplasts. The arc6 GCs produced large chloroplasts and/or
 chlorophyll-less plastids, as previously observed, but unexpectedly, their
 chloroplasts/plastids exhibited marked morphological variations. We
 quantitatively analyzed plastid morphology and partitioning in paired GCs
 from wild-type, arc5, arc6, and atminE1 plants. Collectively, our results
 support the notion that ARC5 is dispensable in the process of equal
 division of epidermal plastids, and indicate that dysfunctions in ARC5 and
 ARC6 differentially affect plastid replication among mesophyll cells, PCs,
 and GCs within a single leaf.
description: Data for Table
 1Chloroplast length (µm)
 in leaf stomatal GCs of the WT, arc5, arc6, and
 atminE1.Data_for_Table1.xlsxData_for_Fig6Chloroplast number in leaf stomatal GCs of WT, arc5, arc6, and atminE1. Measurements of chloroplast number in arbitrarily selected pairs of GCs ('cell A' and 'cell B') are shown.Data_for_DescriptionsChloroplast number in leaf stomatal GCs of Col, Ler, and Ws. Measurements of chloroplast number in arbitrarily selected pairs of GCs ('cell A' and 'cell B') are shown.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c4817
title: Data from: Bacterial diversity amplifies nutrient-based plant-soil feedbacks

description: Plants foster diverse assemblages of bacteria in the rhizosphere serving
 important functions which may result in enhanced plant growth. Microbial
 diversity is increasingly recognized to shape the functionality of
 microbial communities. This leads to the assumption that there is a
 positive relationship between rhizosphere diversity and plant growth. Here
 we investigate how bacterial diversity affects the mineralization of
 organic matter and plant nutrient acquisition. We hypothesized that
 altered bacterial diversity will affect nitrogen mineralisation, uptake by
 plants and ultimately plant growth. We set up a controlled model system
 with Arabidopsis thaliana colonized by defined assemblages of fluorescent
 pseudomonads, a well-characterised plant-beneficial rhizosphere taxon. The
 growth substrate contained casein as sole nitrogen source, making the
 plant nitrogen uptake dependant on breakdown by bacterial enzymes.
 Bacterial diversity was associated with a higher enzyme activity which
 increased nitrogen mineralization and enhanced plant growth. The effect of
 bacterial diversity on plant growth increased with time, pointing to a
 positive feedback between bacteria and plants: Bigger plants associated
 with species-rich bacterial communities supported more bacterial growth,
 which further enhanced the impact of bacteria on plant growth. We
 demonstrate that plant-soil feedbacks establish rapidly during one single
 growth season and that bacterial diversity modulates this interaction.
 Preserving soil microbial diversity therefore may improve positive
 plant-soil feedbacks and thereby plant growth.
description: Weidner et al 2015
 dataSummary of all data
 assessed, which was analysed and discussed in the article, and coding of
 the different treatments, sampling times,etc. For details see comments
 added to the fields of the variables in the excel file. These descriptions
 are also given in the readme file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7h4338m
title: Data from: Reproductive and behavior dysfunction induced by maternal androgen exposure and obesity is likely not gut microbiome-mediated

description: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic
 disorder of unclear etiology in women and is characterized by androgen
 excess, insulin resistance, and mood disorders. The gut microbiome is
 known to influence conditions closely related with PCOS, and several
 recent studies have observed changes in the stool microbiome of women with
 PCOS. The mechanism by which the gut microbiome interacts with PCOS is
 still unknown. We used a mouse model to investigate if diet-induced
 maternal obesity and maternal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure,
 mimicking the lean and obese PCOS women, cause lasting changes in the gut
 microbiome of offspring. Fecal microbiome profiles were assessed using
 Illumina paired-end sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 amplicons. We found
 sex-specific effects of maternal and offspring diet, and maternal DHT
 exposure on fecal bacterial richness and taxonomic composition. Female
 offspring exposed to maternal obesity and DHT displayed reproductive
 dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior. Fecal microbiota transplantation
 from DHT and diet-induced obesity exposed female offspring to wild-type
 mice did not transfer reproductive dysfunction and did not cause the
 expected increase in anxiety-like behavior in recipients. Maternal obesity
 and androgen exposure affect the gut microbiome of offspring, but the
 disrupted estrous cycles and anxiety-like behavior are likely not
 microbiome-mediated.  
description: Supplemental Table
 1_will be uploaded in Dryad Digital RSupplemental Table 1.
 Relative abundances of the top (&gt;1 %) bacterial genera and phyla in
 fecal samples from offspring and dams.Supplemental Table
 2_will be uploaded in Dryad Digital RSupplemental Table 2.
 Relative abundances of the top (&gt;1 %) bacterial genera and phyla in
 fecal samples from FMT recipients.Supplemental Table
 3_will be uploaded in Dryad Digital RSupplemental Table 3.
 Relative abundances of the top (&gt;1 %) bacterial genera and phyla in FMT
 inoculates.