cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e143161v1
title: Replication data for: On lies and hard truths

description: We run an experimental study using sender-receiver games to evaluate how senders' willingness to lie to others compares to their willingness to tell hard truths, i.e., promote an outcome that the sender know is unfair to the receiver without explicitly lying. Unlike in previous work on lying when it has consequences, we do not find that antisocial behavior is less frequent when it involves lying than when it does not. In fact, we find the opposite result in the setting where there is social contact between senders and receivers, and receivers have enough information to judge whether they have been treated unfairly. In this setting, we find that senders prefer to hide behind a lie and implement the antisocial outcome by being dishonest rather than by telling the truth. These results are consistent with social image costs depending on the social proximity between senders and receivers, especially when receivers can judge the kindness of the senders' actions.
DOI: 10.34808/2a8a-5x18
title: The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019

description: Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.
DOI: 10.34808/7qcf-k582
title: Personal income tax - tax scales in 1992–2019

description: Personal income tax in Poland is regulated by the Act of July 26, 1991. In addition, the rights and obligations of the taxpayer of this tax result from a number of provisions of the Polish Constitution, many statutes and ratified international agreements and executive regulations. This research data contains information on the amount of tax in Poland in the years 1992-2019.
DOI: 10.34808/5s90-m475
title: Difficulties in financing innovation - research results

description: The SME sector determines the strength of the Polish economy, still faces many barriers in running a business, they can be social and market barriers, for example: financial barriers, low employee mobility, or limited access to financing sources: legal barriers that result from economic policy difficult for the sector, or conservative economic policy.
One of the key barriers is the lack of access to capital, including the possibility of financing risky, innovative projects. This data presents barriers to financing innovation in the SME sector - research results.
DOI: 10.34808/f9fe-j429
title: Determination of flow properties of a parallel connection of two pneumatic elements with (C=7.30, b=0.49) and (C=6.00, b=0.25) from changes in air pressure in a tank being emptied

description: The aim of the study was to determine the flow properties of parallel connection of pneumatic components.The experiments were to measure the pressure changes in a being emptied tank for a pressure relief valve and a air blow gun (with nozzle removed) arranged in parallel. Three test configurations were used: (1) being emptied tank -&gt; PRV -&gt; ambient atmosphere, (2) being emptied tank -&gt; ABG -&gt; ambient atmosphere, (3) being emptied tank -&gt; PRV and ABG in parallel -&gt; ambient atmosphere. So, three data files are included in the dataset. Each data file has a header where parameters of experiment are given. Additionally, for the valves analised , catalogue flow properties are given by means of sonic conductance and critical pressure ratio. The given data allow to verify calculation procedures for determination of flow properties of pneumatic components arranged in parallel.
DOI: 10.34808/njxx-dh28
title: Share of people working in the enterprise sector by ownership sector at the end of 2016 (%).

description: The dynamic development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which was observed in the past century - in particular in the past two decades - is the phenomenon of the development of the world economy intriguing many researchers and research centers. These figures present the share of workforce according to the ownership sector at the end of 2016.
DOI: 10.34808/hmxm-6888
title: Share of family enterprises in generating GDP in individual sections 2009

description: Family businesses constitute a significant part of the Polish economy and the vast majority of enterprises within the SME sector. They have always existed on the Polish market, but the political situation meant that their real revival is related to the political changes of 1989. These companies are of particular importance in contributing to the formation of GDP. The following data presents the division of the share of family businesses in shaping GDP by sectors.
DOI: 10.34808/y7b0-jb52
title: Determination of flow properties of a parallel connection of two pneumatic elements with (C=6.20, b=0.38) and (C=6.00, b=0.25) from changes in air pressure in a tank being emptied

description: The aim of the study was to determine the flow properties of parallel connection of pneumatic components.The experiments were to measure the pressure changes in a being emptied tank for a pressure relief valve and a air blow gun (with nozzle removed) arranged in parallel. Three test configurations were used: (1) being emptied tank -&gt; PRV -&gt; ambient atmosphere, (2) being emptied tank -&gt; ABG -&gt; ambient atmosphere, (3) being emptied tank -&gt; PRV and ABG in parallel -&gt; ambient atmosphere. So, three data files are included in the dataset. Each data file has a header where parameters of experiment are given. Additionally, for the valves analised , catalogue flow properties are given by means of sonic conductance and critical pressure ratio. The given data allow to verify calculation procedures for determination of flow properties of pneumatic components arranged in parallel.
DOI: 10.34808/3r9e-qy66
title: Share of gross value added generated by enterprises in GDP

description: After Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems other than at the beginning of the economic transformations of the 1980s and 1990s.There are currently 1.84 million non-financial enterprises defined as active enterprises in Poland. The vast majority of these entities, ie 99.8%, belong to the sector of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. In 2014, the number of micro-enterprises amounted to 1.76 million, small - 59.2 thousand, medium-sized - 15.5 thousand. There were much fewer large enterprises - their total number amounted to 3.4 thousand. entities.It is worth noting that the number of enterprises in Poland is systematically growing, although the greatest differences, for natural reasons, were observed at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14797404
title: Supplementary Material for: Polypharmacy and Frailty among Hemodialysis Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Both polypharmacy and frailty are highly prevalent among the patients on hemodialysis and associated with adverse outcomes; however, little is known about the association between them. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined 337 patients enrolled in the ACTIVE/ADIPOSE dialysis cohort study between 2009 and 2011. The number of prescribed medications and frailty were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Frailty was defined based upon the Fried’s frailty phenotype. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to model the association of the number of medications and frailty at baseline and over time. A competing-risk regression analysis was also used to assess the association between the number of medications and incidence of frailty. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean number of medications was 10 ± 5, and 94 patients (28%) were frail at baseline. Patients taking &gt;11 medications showed higher odds for frailty than the patients taking fewer than 8 medications (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05–2.26). During the 2-year of follow-up, 87 patients developed frailty among those who were nonfrail at baseline. Compared with the patients taking fewer than 8 medications, the incidence of frailty was approximately 2-fold in those taking &gt;11 medications (sub-distribution hazard ratio 2.15, 95% CI 1.32–3.48). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Using a higher number of medications was associated with frailty and the incidence of frailty among hemodialysis patients. Minimizing polypharmacy may reduce the incidence and prevalence of frailty among dialysis patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14797404.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Polypharmacy and Frailty among Hemodialysis Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Both polypharmacy and frailty are highly prevalent among the patients on hemodialysis and associated with adverse outcomes; however, little is known about the association between them. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined 337 patients enrolled in the ACTIVE/ADIPOSE dialysis cohort study between 2009 and 2011. The number of prescribed medications and frailty were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Frailty was defined based upon the Fried’s frailty phenotype. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to model the association of the number of medications and frailty at baseline and over time. A competing-risk regression analysis was also used to assess the association between the number of medications and incidence of frailty. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean number of medications was 10 ± 5, and 94 patients (28%) were frail at baseline. Patients taking &gt;11 medications showed higher odds for frailty than the patients taking fewer than 8 medications (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05–2.26). During the 2-year of follow-up, 87 patients developed frailty among those who were nonfrail at baseline. Compared with the patients taking fewer than 8 medications, the incidence of frailty was approximately 2-fold in those taking &gt;11 medications (sub-distribution hazard ratio 2.15, 95% CI 1.32–3.48). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Using a higher number of medications was associated with frailty and the incidence of frailty among hemodialysis patients. Minimizing polypharmacy may reduce the incidence and prevalence of frailty among dialysis patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14797443
title: Supplementary Material for: High Tissue TLR5 Expression Predicts Better Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer globally, caused 881,000 cancer deaths in 2018. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the primary sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, activate innate and adaptive immune systems and participate in the development of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 tissue expressions in CRC patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed tissue microarray samples from 825 CRC patients who underwent surgery between 1982 and 2002 at the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. After analyzing a pilot series of 205 tissue samples, we included only TLR5 and TLR7 in the remainder of the patient series. We evaluated the associations between TLR5 and TLR7 tissue expressions, clinicopathologic variables, and survival. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we generated survival curves, determining significance using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses relied on the Cox proportional hazards model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 5-year disease-specific survival was 55.9% among TLR5-negative (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.6–61.2%) and 61.9% (95% CI 56.6–67.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.011, log-rank test) among TLR5-positive patients. In the Cox multivariate survival analysis adjusted for age, sex, stage, location, and grade, positive TLR5 immunoexpression (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74; 95% CI 0.59–0.92; <i>p</i> = 0.007) served as an independent positive prognostic factor. TLR7 immunoexpression exhibited no prognostic value in the survival analysis across the entire cohort (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.78–1.20; <i>p</i> = 0.754) nor in subgroup analyses. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We show for the first time that a high TLR5 tumor tissue expression associates with a better prognosis in CRC patients.
DOI: 10.34808/yhwe-bc64
title: Income obtained according to particular rates only by taxpayers conducting non-agricultural business activity 2015

description: Taxation in the form of a lump sum on recorded revenues does not apply to certain types of activity, regardless of their size. We are talking about taxpayers who achieve revenue in whole or in part, among others from on account of running pharmacies, activities in the field of buying and selling foreign exchange values, activities in the field of trade in parts and accessories for motor vehicles. Lump sum taxable income is not combined with other income taxable with income tax. The lump-sum tax base is income without reducing the costs of obtaining it, which for some types of activity (i.e. with a very low commercial margin, may be an economic disadvantage that excludes the legitimacy of using this method). The only possible deductions are losses from previous years, social security contributions, rehabilitation expenses, and donations. The lump sum on recorded revenues is first reduced by the health insurance premium paid by the taxpayer to the amount of 7.75% of the basis for the assessment of this premium.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14797314
title: Supplementary Material for: A Scoping Review of Current Guidelines on Dietary Fat and Fat Quality

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We conducted a scoping review of dietary guidelines with the intent of developing a position paper by the “IUNS Task force on Dietary Fat Quality” tasked to summarize the available evidence and provide the basis for dietary recommendations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We systematically searched several databases and Web sites for relevant documents published between 2015 and 2019. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty documents were included. Quantitative range intake recommendations for daily total fat intake included boundaries from 20 to 35% of total energy intake (TEI), for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) 10–25%, for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) 6–11%, for saturated-fat (SFA) ≤11–≤7%, for industrial trans-fat (TFA) ≤2–0%, and &lt;300–&lt;200 mg/d for dietary cholesterol. The methodological approaches to grade the strength of recommendations were heterogeneous, and varied highly between the included guidelines. Only the World Health Organization applied the GRADE approach and graded the following recommendation as “strong”: to reduce SFA to below 10%, and TFA to below 1% and replace both with PUFA if SFA intake is greater than 10% of TEI. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although the methodological approaches of the dietary guidelines were heterogeneous, most of them recommend total fat intakes of 30–≤35% of TEI, replacement of SFA with PUFA and MUFA, and avoidance of industrial TFA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14797314.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A Scoping Review of Current Guidelines on Dietary Fat and Fat Quality

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We conducted a scoping review of dietary guidelines with the intent of developing a position paper by the “IUNS Task force on Dietary Fat Quality” tasked to summarize the available evidence and provide the basis for dietary recommendations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We systematically searched several databases and Web sites for relevant documents published between 2015 and 2019. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty documents were included. Quantitative range intake recommendations for daily total fat intake included boundaries from 20 to 35% of total energy intake (TEI), for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) 10–25%, for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) 6–11%, for saturated-fat (SFA) ≤11–≤7%, for industrial trans-fat (TFA) ≤2–0%, and &lt;300–&lt;200 mg/d for dietary cholesterol. The methodological approaches to grade the strength of recommendations were heterogeneous, and varied highly between the included guidelines. Only the World Health Organization applied the GRADE approach and graded the following recommendation as “strong”: to reduce SFA to below 10%, and TFA to below 1% and replace both with PUFA if SFA intake is greater than 10% of TEI. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although the methodological approaches of the dietary guidelines were heterogeneous, most of them recommend total fat intakes of 30–≤35% of TEI, replacement of SFA with PUFA and MUFA, and avoidance of industrial TFA.
DOI: 10.34808/qrgx-8j95
title: Employment structure in individual enterprises in Poland in 2010-2014

description: It is worth mentioning the role of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the labor market. The above-mentioned entities employ in total nearly 70% of all employees who work in the corporate sector. Micro enterprises play a decisive role in this respect, accounting for nearly 40% of all employees.Comparing the data contained in the table below to the same type of data in the European Union, we come to the conclusion that the role and importance of microenterprises in terms of employment is more important. For comparison, the average data for the entire European Union for 2013 show that:• 29.17% were employed in the micro-enterprise sector,• 20.45% were employed in the small business sector,• 17.27% were employed in the medium-sized enterprise sector,• 33.11% were employed in the large enterprise sector.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14797368
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Immunosuppressants with Mortality of Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune blistering skin disease with substantial mortality. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify whether the use of immunosuppressants was associated with reduced mortality in BP patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The data for this study were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2013. Those BP patients receiving any immunosuppressant for ≥28 days per month for 3 consecutive months were defined as the immunosuppressant cohort. In total, 452 BP patients on immunosuppressants were matched 1:4 by age, sex, propensity score of comorbidities, and use of tetracycline with 1,808 BP patients taking only corticosteroids. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The immunosuppressant cohort had a significantly lower 5-year mortality rate than the corticosteroid cohort (0.57 vs. 0.67). In the multivariable regression analysis adjusted for covariates, the use of immunosuppressants significantly reduced the risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.90, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Hyperlipidemia also reduced risk of mortality. However, age, diabetes, renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia were significant risk factors for mortality. In the subgroup analysis, the risk of mortality decreased most substantially in those aged &lt;70 years (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28–0.72). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Immunosuppressant use was associated with a 22% reduced risk of BP mortality. The effects were more substantial in those aged &lt;70 years, with a 55% reduced risk of mortality.
DOI: 10.34808/w2kg-hv55
title: Number of tax returns filed by taxpayers obtaining income taxed with a lump sum on income recorded according to sources of income 2011-2015

description: Taxpayers engaged in non-agricultural business activities benefiting from taxation in the form of a lump sum on recorded income, are required to have and store proofs of purchase of goods, keep a list of fixed assets and intangible assets, records of equipment and, separately for each tax year, a record of revenues. The obligation to keep records of revenues does not apply to taxpayers who earn revenues from rental, sublease, tenancy, sub-lease or other agreements of a similar nature, if their amount results from a contract concluded in writing.As a rule, the number of taxpayers who have chosen this form of taxation has not changed significantly in recent years. However, significant changes in the number of entities that have chosen this form of taxation of rental income should be noticed.
DOI: 10.24341/tethys.71
title: Geodaten - Blatt 156 Muhr (1:50.000)
title: Geodata - sheet 156 Muhr (1:50.000)

description: Die Geodaten wurden aus dem Kartenwerk GK50 „Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000“ abgeleitet. Die Datengrundlage basiert auf einer umfassenden Datenerhebung im Rahmen der gesetzlich verankerten geologischen Landesaufnahme von Österreich, welche eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche, die Geländekartierung, sowie die Probenahme mit wissenschaftlichen Analysen und Messungen beinhaltet. Die im BMN-Blattschnitt veröffentlichten Geodaten entsprechen dem aktuellen Wissensstand zum Zeitpunkt des Kartendruckes und können geringfügig von den Originalen abweichen.
description: Die vorliegende Datenpublikation ist ein Bestandteil der Kartenserie „Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000“ (GK50), die im Zeitraum zwischen 1977 und 2017 veröffentlicht wurden und aus insgesamt 89 Geodatensätzen besteht. Eine ausführliche Datenbeschreibung wird mit den Kartendaten bereitgestellt und kann direkt zu jeder Publikation heruntergeladen werden.
description: This data publication is part of the map series "Geological Map of the Republic of Austria 1:50.000" (GK50), published between 1977 and 2017 consisting of 89 spatial data sets. A detailed data description is provided with the map data and can be downloaded together with the data publication.
DOI: 10.24341/tethys.72
title: Geodaten - Blatt 164 Graz (1:50.000)
title: Geodata - sheet 164 Graz (1:50.000)

description: Die Geodaten wurden aus dem Kartenwerk GK50 „Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000“ abgeleitet. Die Datengrundlage basiert auf einer umfassenden Datenerhebung im Rahmen der gesetzlich verankerten geologischen Landesaufnahme von Österreich, welche eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche, die Geländekartierung, sowie die Probenahme mit wissenschaftlichen Analysen und Messungen beinhaltet. Die im BMN-Blattschnitt veröffentlichten Geodaten entsprechen dem aktuellen Wissensstand zum Zeitpunkt des Kartendruckes und können geringfügig von den Originalen abweichen.
description: Die vorliegende Datenpublikation ist ein Bestandteil der Kartenserie „Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000“ (GK50), die im Zeitraum zwischen 1977 und 2017 veröffentlicht wurden und aus insgesamt 89 Geodatensätzen besteht. Eine ausführliche Datenbeschreibung wird mit den Kartendaten bereitgestellt und kann direkt zu jeder Publikation heruntergeladen werden.
description: This data publication is part of the map series "Geological Map of the Republic of Austria 1:50.000" (GK50), published between 1977 and 2017 consisting of 89 spatial data sets. A detailed data description is provided with the map data and can be downloaded together with the data publication.