DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsxf
title: Comparative effects of two different aluminum nanoparticle formulations on the histological and physiological aspects of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as a model

description: Recycling aluminum, which is widely utilized in industries such as
 packaging, poses a significant challenge in selecting the most efficient
 method that retains its properties while minimizing environmental impact.
 This study investigates the potential adverse effects of aluminum oxide
 nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) synthesized from disposable aluminum foil waste
 using two different recycling methods: conventional grinding (CG) and ball
 milling (BM). This study employs Drosophila melanogaster as a
 well-established in vivo model organism to determine which recycling
 technique yields nanoparticles (NPs) that are less harm to non-targets. To
 assess this, relevant concentration of Al2O3 NPs formulations was added
 into the food media. Seven days post feeding, alterations of adult’s
 midgut were analyzed at physiological and ultrastructure levels. The
 results showed that Al2O3 NPs had significant effects on digestive
 enzymes, regardless of how they are synthesized. In contrast to chitinase
 and protease, the activities of digestive enzymes such as lipase,
 phospholipase A2, and carboxypeptidase were significantly higher in flies
 exposed to Al2O3 NPs synthesized by BM than those in fed on control food
 media or those supplemented with Al2O3 NPs synthesized by CG. Histological
 and ultrastructural analyses revealed that both formulations of Al2O3 NPs
 negatively impacted the midgut cells. However, the harmful effects were
 more pronounced in NPs synthesized by the BM method compared to those
 produced using the CG method. Where indistinct peritrophic membrane and
 disrupted microvilli, columnar and goblet cells with numerous vacuoles
 were recorded. Collectively, while the findings confirm the toxicity of
 Al2O3 NPs to Drosophila, the synthesis method used to process aluminum and
 convert it into nanoparticle form plays a significant role in determining
 its potential hazards and should be carefully considered.
description: This dataset originates from a study investigating the biological
 effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs) synthesized from
 recycled aluminum foil waste. The synthesis involved dissolving cleaned
 and shredded aluminum foil in hydrochloric acid, followed by precipitation
 using sodium carbonate to form aluminum oxide. The resulting material was
 washed, dried, calcined at 800°C, and then ground using two
 methods—conventional grinding (CG) and ball milling (BM)—to obtain
 nanoscale particles. These formulations were characterized using FTIR,
 XRD, SEM, and TEM. Biological assays were conducted on
 Drosophila melanogaster (wild-type Canton S) to assess the physiological
 effects of CG and BM Al₂O₃ NPs. Flies were exposed to
 nanoparticle-supplemented food media, and multiple endpoints were
 evaluated: food intake using the capillary feeding (CAFE) assay,
 defecation rate via fecal pellet count, digestive enzyme activities in
 dissected midguts (seven enzymes assessed using colorimetric kits), and
 tissue-level effects using histological and ultrastructural analyses
 (light microscopy and TEM). All experimental conditions were replicated
 appropriately and analyzed using standard statistical tools
 (ANOVA). This dataset includes quantitative and
 image-based measurements capturing ingestion behavior, gut enzyme
 activity, and cellular morphology under nanoparticle exposure.
description: # Comparative effects of two different aluminum nanoparticle formulations
 on the histological and physiological aspects of Drosophila melanogaster
 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as a model Authors: Hanaa Elbrense, Marwa N.
 El-Nahass, Samar El-Kholy Corresponding author: Samar El Kholy
 (samar_elkholy@science.tanta.edu.eg) ORCID number: 0000-0003-2816-7243
 Dataset DOI:10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsxf ## Description of the data and file
 structure The present study investigates the potential adverse effects of
 aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) synthesized from disposable
 aluminum foil waste using two different recycling methods: conventional
 grinding (CG) and ball milling (BM). This study employs Drosophila
 melanogaster as in vivo model organism to determine which recycling
 technique yields nanoparticles (NPs) that are less harm to non-targets. To
 assess this, relevant concentration of Al2O3 NPs formulations was added
 into the food media. Seven days post feeding, alterations of adultís
 midgut were analyzed at physiological and ultrastructure levels. ### Files
 and variables #### Raw_data_of_Biological_experiments.csv **Description:**
 This data file includes the quantification of the amount of food consumed
 (in µl), defecation rate (No. of fecal pellets per fly), digestive enzymes
 (amylase, lipase, protease, alpha glycosidase, phospholipase A2, chitinase
 and carboxy peptidase) activity (U/ml) in Drosophila adults supplemented
 with control or aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by CG and BM methods. The
 file also contains an evaluation of aluminum oxide NPs (synthesized by CG
 or BM) adverse effects at cellular level based on Transmission Electron
 Microscope imaging. This data includes vacuoles number and area (µm-2),
 nuclear (µm-2) and nucleolar area (µm-2). ####
 Histological_examination_Control.zip **Description:** This file contains
 images of sections stained with eosin and hematoxylin to illustrate
 Drosophila adult midgut tissue after feeding of control food media. ####
 Histological_examination__Ball_milling_(1).zip **Description:** This file
 contains images of sections stained with eosin and hematoxylin to
 illustrate abnormalities of Drosophila adult midgut tissue after feeding
 of food media supplemented with aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by BM. ####
 Histological_examination_Conventional_grinding.zip **Description:** This
 file contains images of sections stained with eosin and hematoxylin to
 illustrate abnormalities of Drosophila adult midgut tissue after feeding
 of food media supplemented with aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by CG. ####
 TEM_of_Drosophila_midgut_exposed_to_control_food_media.zip
 **Description:** This data files includes transmission electron
 microscopic imaging of midgut tissues of adult Drosophila supplemented
 with control food media. ####
 TEM_of_Drosophila_midgut_treated_with_NPs_synthetized_by_Conventional_grinding_method.zip **Description:** This data file includes transmission electron microscopic imaging of midgut tissues of adult Drosophila fed on food media supplemented with aluminum oxide NPS synthesized by CG. #### TEM_of_Drosophila_midgut_treated_with_NPs_synthetized_by_Ball_milling_method.zip **Description:** This data files includes transmission electron microscopic imaging of midgut tissues of adult Drosophila fed on food media supplemented with aluminum oxide NPS synthesized by BM. #### FTIR_for_NPs_sythetized_by_Ball_milling.txt **Description:** This data file includes characterization of surface chemistry of aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by BM using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Y-axis, T%, x-axis (Wavenumber (cm-1)) #### FTIR_for_NPs_sythetized_by_conventional_grinding.txt **Description:** This data file includes characterization of surface chemistry of aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by CG using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Y-axis, T%, x-axis (Wavenumber (cm-1)) #### XDR_for_NPs_sythetized_by_Ball_milling.txt **Description:** This data file includes characterization of Crystalline Structure of aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by BM using Small-angle X-ray diffraction. I (Intensity in arbitrary unit), 2 Theta (angle between the incident X-ray and the atomic planes in the sample) #### XDR_for_NPs_sythetized_by_conventional_grinding.txt **Description:** This data file includes characterization of Crystalline Structure of aluminum oxide NPs synthesized by CG using Small-angle X-ray diffraction. I (Intensity in arbitrary unit), 2 Theta (angle between the incident X-ray and the atomic planes in the sample) #### Scanning_electron_microscope_for_nanoparticles.zip **Description:** This data file includes scanning electron microscopic imaging of aluminum oxide NPS synthesized by CG and BM. #### Transmission_electron_microscope_for_nanoparticles_(1).zip **Description:** This data file includes transmission electron microscopic imaging of aluminum oxide NPS synthesized by CG and BM.