cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848388.v1
title: Vegetation Burning in Pampa Biome Altered the Chemical Composition of Rainfall

description: ABSTRACT Rainfall is one of the primary nutrient inputs to vegetation and its chemical composition is dependent on air quality as falling rain scavenges gaseous and particulate emissions from natural, industrial, and agricultural activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the vegetation burn in a region of the Pampa biome influences the pH and chemical composition (anions) in incident rainfall. Nitrate, sulfate, and chloride concentrations, as well as the pH of the rainwater, were influenced by suspended particles in the atmosphere from biomass burning of native grassland and pasture renewal. The rainwater was acidified by, ash, and soot, which introduced large amounts of chloride and sulfate into the ecosystems caused by burning vegetation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14269671
title: Does Crop-Livestock-Forest Systems Contribute to Soil Quality in Brazilian Savannas?

description: ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss the impact on conversion degraded pasture areas into an integrated crop, livestock and forest system (ICLFS). We collected 30 soil samples at 0-0.1 m depth in five agroforestry systems, degraded pasture and native areas along Brazilian Cerrado biome. We analyzed the influence of chemical variables on microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity using multivariate statistic analysis. The land use explained only the variation of microbial biomass carbon and seasonality explained the variation in glycine aminopeptidase activity. The sample controls differ from the other soil areas due to their greater biological activity (MBC). The enzymatic indicators showed that the biological activity is lower in degraded pasture. It was observed that the ICLFS system had a positive effect on the microbial activity (MBC and soil enzyme) when compared to pasture. This reinforces the importance of adopting more sustainable practices to improve soil quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8987987.v1
title: Meiotic Behavior and Pollen Viability of Spondias mombin L.: Native Fruit Species of the Amazon

description: ABSTRACT Spondias mombin L. is a fruit species native to the Amazon with great marketing potential. The aim of this study was to examine the meiotic behavior and pollen viability of S. mombin. Flower buds at various developmental stages were collected for analyses of pollen viability, in vitro germination, and meiotic behavior. S. mombin is diploid with 2n = 2x = 30 chromosomes. Meiosis showed to be regular, with only 13.3% of cells with abnormal division. A high meiotic index was found: 96.5%. Pollen viability did not differ between male (96.3%) and bisexual (96.7%) flowers, and the overall mean of viable pollen was considered high (96.5%). Pollen germination occurred in all tested media, with the treatment containing 20% sucrose and 50 mg mL‒1 boric acid being the most suitable. The highest pollen germination means occurred after 36 h of incubation. The obtained information can be used in the planning and implementation of commercial crops of the species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14269671.v1
title: Does Crop-Livestock-Forest Systems Contribute to Soil Quality in Brazilian Savannas?

description: ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss the impact on conversion degraded pasture areas into an integrated crop, livestock and forest system (ICLFS). We collected 30 soil samples at 0-0.1 m depth in five agroforestry systems, degraded pasture and native areas along Brazilian Cerrado biome. We analyzed the influence of chemical variables on microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity using multivariate statistic analysis. The land use explained only the variation of microbial biomass carbon and seasonality explained the variation in glycine aminopeptidase activity. The sample controls differ from the other soil areas due to their greater biological activity (MBC). The enzymatic indicators showed that the biological activity is lower in degraded pasture. It was observed that the ICLFS system had a positive effect on the microbial activity (MBC and soil enzyme) when compared to pasture. This reinforces the importance of adopting more sustainable practices to improve soil quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14271995.v1
title: Evaluation of the Plant Necromass Component: Methodological Approaches and Estimates in Atlantic Forest, Northeast Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Necromass is a crucial component for the forest structure. However, there are few studies of necromass quantification in tropical rainforests and lack of efficient sampling methods. This research aimed at verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of sampling methods (Line-intersect sampling - LIS versus fixed area plots - FA) for the estimation of necromass in a tropical rainforest. The accuracy and efficiency of the methods were evaluated through descriptive statistics, paired t-test, ANOVA and relative efficiency. LIS method was more accurate and efficient, but it requires high sampling to meet sample error of 15%. Necromass at the forest fragment studied accounted for about 12.28% of the tree biomass. These findings show the importance of this compartment inclusion when quantifying carbon stocks in humid tropical forests, which acts as a true reservoir of carbon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14271997
title: Composition and Functional Diversity of the Urban Flora of Alfenas-MG, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Urban tree cover has important environmental and social functions and can act as ecological refuges. The objective of the present study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional diversities of urban plant communities in Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We sampled all trees DBH ≥ 3 cm in eight different urban green areas, recording 1,138 individuals and 119 species; two species were dominant: Poincianella pluviosa (Fabaceae) and Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae). The high species richness encountered reflected, in part, the presence of exotic species, which corresponded to 40% of the species and 25% of the total abundance. The functional diversity index (HF') was considered low, with the predominant functional traits among the species being small size, entomophily, zoochory, evergreen leaves, and dry fruits. We recommend that future urban afforestation projects incorporate strategies that increase the use of regional species as well as the functional diversity/complexity of those environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14271995
title: Evaluation of the Plant Necromass Component: Methodological Approaches and Estimates in Atlantic Forest, Northeast Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Necromass is a crucial component for the forest structure. However, there are few studies of necromass quantification in tropical rainforests and lack of efficient sampling methods. This research aimed at verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of sampling methods (Line-intersect sampling - LIS versus fixed area plots - FA) for the estimation of necromass in a tropical rainforest. The accuracy and efficiency of the methods were evaluated through descriptive statistics, paired t-test, ANOVA and relative efficiency. LIS method was more accurate and efficient, but it requires high sampling to meet sample error of 15%. Necromass at the forest fragment studied accounted for about 12.28% of the tree biomass. These findings show the importance of this compartment inclusion when quantifying carbon stocks in humid tropical forests, which acts as a true reservoir of carbon.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848391
title: Phenotypic Plasticity of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum Under Different Light Conditions

description: ABSTRACT The heterogeneous light pattern in forest environments leads to specific morphological and physiological responses. However, anthropogenic pressures in areas such as Atlantic Forest and Cerrado are modifying the light availability, and consequently the forest community composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasticity of forest species Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus under full sunlight and shade conditions. P. pseudocaryophyllus showed typical shade plant phenotype, with higher net photosynthesis, transpiration, and chlorophyll a and b contents when cultivated under this condition. The decrease in net photosynthesis under full sunlight conditions is probably related to PSII photoinhibition. In addition, under full sunlight, reduced height, number of leaves, and specific leaf area was observed, while plants in shade increased these characteristics. P. pseudocaryophyllus did not show high morphological and physiological plasticity, which may be a maladaptive response. It was concluded that forest disturbances could compromise the occurrence and survival of P. pseudocaryophyllus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899948.v1
title: Women on the Board: Do They Manage Earnings? Empirical Evidence from European Listed Firms

description: Abstract Purpose: To analyse the impact of women on boards of directors and the gender of CEOs and CFOs on the earnings management and, thus, on the quality of the financial information of European listed firms. Design/methodology/approach: Archival research based on data collected from Bloomberg, complemented by information hand collected from financial reports, for a sample of European listed firms, covering 2007-2013. Findings: The main results show that only CFO gender has an impact on both the intensity and direction of earnings management. Firms with a woman CFO presented less earnings management than those with a male CFO. We also find evidence that women manage earnings downwards, such that discretionary accruals are used to decrease reported earnings. Originality/value: We contribute to the still scarce literature on the impact of gender on earnings management and financial reporting quality, namely by providing international evidence, since the extant literature focuses on the USA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14271997.v1
title: Composition and Functional Diversity of the Urban Flora of Alfenas-MG, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Urban tree cover has important environmental and social functions and can act as ecological refuges. The objective of the present study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional diversities of urban plant communities in Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We sampled all trees DBH ≥ 3 cm in eight different urban green areas, recording 1,138 individuals and 119 species; two species were dominant: Poincianella pluviosa (Fabaceae) and Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae). The high species richness encountered reflected, in part, the presence of exotic species, which corresponded to 40% of the species and 25% of the total abundance. The functional diversity index (HF') was considered low, with the predominant functional traits among the species being small size, entomophily, zoochory, evergreen leaves, and dry fruits. We recommend that future urban afforestation projects incorporate strategies that increase the use of regional species as well as the functional diversity/complexity of those environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8987657
title: Population Fluctuation of Coleobrocas (Coleoptera) in Six Forest Fragments in Atlantic Forest

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the forest restoration of Guapiaçu river basin in Macacu, RJ, using the families of coleobrocas as tools for environmental assessment. We analyzed the fluctuation of the families of Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lyctidae, Anobiidae, Bostrichidae and Curculionidae. Six sampling points were arranged along the river, five points being inferred in reforestation carried out in the basin and a point in the control area of natural regeneration the amount of Guapiaçu river. The collection period started in January 2013, and ended in December 2015. Through quali-quantitative data, there is a greater population density of sub-family Scolytinae in periods of high temperature and humidity and areas more populated by pioneer species used in forest restoration. After the end of the monitoring period, we proposed a model of environmental assessment through the frequency of occurrence of families of coleobrocas collected in forest fragments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8987657.v1
title: Population Fluctuation of Coleobrocas (Coleoptera) in Six Forest Fragments in Atlantic Forest

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the forest restoration of Guapiaçu river basin in Macacu, RJ, using the families of coleobrocas as tools for environmental assessment. We analyzed the fluctuation of the families of Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lyctidae, Anobiidae, Bostrichidae and Curculionidae. Six sampling points were arranged along the river, five points being inferred in reforestation carried out in the basin and a point in the control area of natural regeneration the amount of Guapiaçu river. The collection period started in January 2013, and ended in December 2015. Through quali-quantitative data, there is a greater population density of sub-family Scolytinae in periods of high temperature and humidity and areas more populated by pioneer species used in forest restoration. After the end of the monitoring period, we proposed a model of environmental assessment through the frequency of occurrence of families of coleobrocas collected in forest fragments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899948
title: Women on the Board: Do They Manage Earnings? Empirical Evidence from European Listed Firms

description: Abstract Purpose: To analyse the impact of women on boards of directors and the gender of CEOs and CFOs on the earnings management and, thus, on the quality of the financial information of European listed firms. Design/methodology/approach: Archival research based on data collected from Bloomberg, complemented by information hand collected from financial reports, for a sample of European listed firms, covering 2007-2013. Findings: The main results show that only CFO gender has an impact on both the intensity and direction of earnings management. Firms with a woman CFO presented less earnings management than those with a male CFO. We also find evidence that women manage earnings downwards, such that discretionary accruals are used to decrease reported earnings. Originality/value: We contribute to the still scarce literature on the impact of gender on earnings management and financial reporting quality, namely by providing international evidence, since the extant literature focuses on the USA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515038
title: ADDITIVE ANTIBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC FOR EARLY WEANED PIGLETS

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS 0.2%), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis30g/ton) and antibiotic (Bacitracin zinc 125g/ton) to piglets' feed in the post-weaning phase. Eighty (Danbread x Agroceres) pigs were used, that is, 40 males and 40 females, with initial weight of 7.1 ± 0.0175 kg. A randomized block design was used with four treatments and five replicates: 1 - Control; 2 - Prebiotic; 3 - Probiotic; 4 - Antibiotic. The variables evaluated were average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion (FC) fecal consistency and leukocyte count. At 43 days of age, the animals presented the same weight gain (P&gt; 0.05); however, there was increased intake of the diet containing prebiotic (P&gt; 0.05), and feed conversion was better for control diet (P &lt;0 05). In the period of 54 days of age of the animals, there were no differences in daily weight gain (P&gt; 0.05), daily feed intake (P&gt; 0.05) and feed conversion (P&gt; 0.05), and also no differences in fecal consistency (P&gt; 0.05). The number of leukocytes increased at 32 days of age when the diets containing prebiotics and probiotics were used (P&gt; 0.05). The diet containing prebiotics increased the number of monocytes (P &lt;0.05), and the diet containing antibiotic provided greater number of basophiles (P &lt;0.05) at 36 days of age. The number of lymphocytes was not altered by the experimental diets (P&gt; 0.05), the diets promoted no changes in the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG (P&gt; 0.05). The use of prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics did not influence the animals' performance from 22 to 54 days of age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515038.v1
title: ADDITIVE ANTIBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC FOR EARLY WEANED PIGLETS

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS 0.2%), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis30g/ton) and antibiotic (Bacitracin zinc 125g/ton) to piglets' feed in the post-weaning phase. Eighty (Danbread x Agroceres) pigs were used, that is, 40 males and 40 females, with initial weight of 7.1 ± 0.0175 kg. A randomized block design was used with four treatments and five replicates: 1 - Control; 2 - Prebiotic; 3 - Probiotic; 4 - Antibiotic. The variables evaluated were average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion (FC) fecal consistency and leukocyte count. At 43 days of age, the animals presented the same weight gain (P&gt; 0.05); however, there was increased intake of the diet containing prebiotic (P&gt; 0.05), and feed conversion was better for control diet (P &lt;0 05). In the period of 54 days of age of the animals, there were no differences in daily weight gain (P&gt; 0.05), daily feed intake (P&gt; 0.05) and feed conversion (P&gt; 0.05), and also no differences in fecal consistency (P&gt; 0.05). The number of leukocytes increased at 32 days of age when the diets containing prebiotics and probiotics were used (P&gt; 0.05). The diet containing prebiotics increased the number of monocytes (P &lt;0.05), and the diet containing antibiotic provided greater number of basophiles (P &lt;0.05) at 36 days of age. The number of lymphocytes was not altered by the experimental diets (P&gt; 0.05), the diets promoted no changes in the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG (P&gt; 0.05). The use of prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics did not influence the animals' performance from 22 to 54 days of age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848391.v1
title: Phenotypic Plasticity of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum Under Different Light Conditions

description: ABSTRACT The heterogeneous light pattern in forest environments leads to specific morphological and physiological responses. However, anthropogenic pressures in areas such as Atlantic Forest and Cerrado are modifying the light availability, and consequently the forest community composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasticity of forest species Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus under full sunlight and shade conditions. P. pseudocaryophyllus showed typical shade plant phenotype, with higher net photosynthesis, transpiration, and chlorophyll a and b contents when cultivated under this condition. The decrease in net photosynthesis under full sunlight conditions is probably related to PSII photoinhibition. In addition, under full sunlight, reduced height, number of leaves, and specific leaf area was observed, while plants in shade increased these characteristics. P. pseudocaryophyllus did not show high morphological and physiological plasticity, which may be a maladaptive response. It was concluded that forest disturbances could compromise the occurrence and survival of P. pseudocaryophyllus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9796268
title: Anthropogenic Disturbances Affect the Relationship Between Spectral Indices and the Biometric Variables of Brazilian Savannas

description: ABSTRACT According to previous studies involving biometric variables modeling using remote sensing (RS), data did not consider the effects of anthropogenic disturbance as relevant factor. The main objective of this study was to model aboveground biomass (AGB) and total wood volume (TWV) of Brazilian Savanna biome using vegetation indices (VI) from LANDSAT 5 TM. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) algorithm were applied across 641 field plots of cerrado sensu stricto of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, comparing two models: non-stratified, and stratified according to plot’s anthropization degree. AGB and TWV obtained from non-anthropized plots presented linear relation with VIs (R2 = 0.82 and 0.74, respectively) and, on the other hand, presented nonlinear relation when plots were affected by anthropogenic disturbances or were not stratified. This finding helps improving estimates by stratifying plots into their anthropization degree, mainly in the Brazilian Savanna biome undergoing anthropogenic disturbances.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14270163
title: Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Astronium Lecointei and Manilkara Huberi Branch Wood

description: Abstract Forest harvest residues are usable; however, studies on their quality are incipient. Thus, our study sought to perform physico-mechanical characterization of wood from the branches of Astronium lecointei and Manilkara huberi, as well as to compare its properties with trunk material found in the literature. The material was collected in the Tapajós National Forest (Flona - Tapajós) and cut for the trials performed at the Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (Ufopa). Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the averages were compared with values found in the literature for the trunk of the studied species and other commercial wood of the region. The physical properties of Astronium lecointei and Manilkara huberi showed approximate averages to those of trunk, while the mechanical properties presented lower averages. Therefore, regarding the mechanical properties, the residues may be substituents for the trunks of other species for having similar properties.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14270163.v1
title: Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Astronium Lecointei and Manilkara Huberi Branch Wood

description: Abstract Forest harvest residues are usable; however, studies on their quality are incipient. Thus, our study sought to perform physico-mechanical characterization of wood from the branches of Astronium lecointei and Manilkara huberi, as well as to compare its properties with trunk material found in the literature. The material was collected in the Tapajós National Forest (Flona - Tapajós) and cut for the trials performed at the Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (Ufopa). Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the averages were compared with values found in the literature for the trunk of the studied species and other commercial wood of the region. The physical properties of Astronium lecointei and Manilkara huberi showed approximate averages to those of trunk, while the mechanical properties presented lower averages. Therefore, regarding the mechanical properties, the residues may be substituents for the trunks of other species for having similar properties.