cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j626h
title: Data from: Isotaphonomy in concept and practice: an exploration of vertebrate microfossil bonebeds in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation, north-central Montana

description: Vertebrate microfossil bonebeds (VMBs)—localized concentrations of small
 resilient vertebrate hard parts—are commonly studied to recover otherwise
 rarely found small-bodied taxa, and to document relative taxonomic
 abundance and species richness in ancient vertebrate communities. Analyses
 of taphonomic comparability among VMBs have often found significant
 differences in size and shape distributions, and thus considered them to
 be non-isotaphonomic. Such outcomes of “strict” statistical tests of
 isotaphonomy suggest discouraging limits on the potential for broad,
 comparative paleoecological reconstruction using VMBs. Yet it is not
 surprising that sensitive statistical tests highlight variations among VMB
 sites, especially given the general lack of clarity with regard to the
 definition of “strict” isotaphonomic comparability. We rigorously sampled
 and compared six VMB localities representing two distinct
 paleoenvironments (channel and pond/lake) of the Upper Cretaceous Judith
 River Formation to evaluate biases related to sampling strategies and
 depositional context. Few defining distinctions in bioclast size and shape
 are evident in surface collections, and most site-to-site comparisons of
 sieved collections are indistinguishable (p≤0.003). These results provide
 a strong case for taphonomic equivalence among the majority of Judith
 River VMBs, and bode well for future studies of paleoecology, particularly
 in relation to investigations of faunal membership and community structure
 in Late Cretaceous wetland ecosystems. The taphonomic comparability of
 pond/lake and channel-hosted VMBs in the Judith River Formation is also
 consistent with a formative model that contends that channel-hosted VMBs
 were reworked from pre-existing pond/lake assemblages, and thus share
 taphonomic history.
description: Supplementary Table 1 -
 Surface Size DataLong axis measurements
 of vertebrate bioclasts from six vertebrate microfossils bonebeds in the
 Judith River Formation, MontanaSupplementary Table
 1.xlsxSupplementary Table 2 -
 Sieve Size DataLong axis measurements
 of vertebrate bioclasts from six vertebrate microfossils bonebeds in the
 Judith River Formation, MontanaSupplementary Table
 2.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c6v4p
title: Data from: Exploring the effects of salinization on trophic diversity in freshwater ecosystems: a quantitative review

description: Salinization of freshwater ecosystems represents a potential threat to
 biodiversity, but the distribution of salinity tolerance among freshwater
 organisms and its functional consequences are understudied. In this study,
 we reviewed global patterns of salinity tolerance across a broad range of
 freshwater organisms. Specifically, we compared published data on LC50 (a
 metric of salinity tolerance) across climatic regions, taxa, and
 functional feeding groups (FFGs). We found that microinvertebrates were
 more sensitive to salinity than vertebrates and macroinvertebrates. Within
 aquatic insects, there was considerable variability in tolerance across
 FFGs. Specifically, scrapers, gatherers, and filterers were more sensitive
 on average than omnivores, shredders, and predators. Thus, we predict that
 increasing salinization can negatively impact trophic diversity and in
 turn cause overall changes in the structure and function of freshwater
 ecosystems. We also identified both historical exposure and taxonomic
 affinity as potential drivers of contemporary salinity tolerance across
 freshwater organisms. Finally, we found important gaps in our
 understanding of the potential impacts of salinization on freshwater
 biodiversity, particularly in regions expected to be affected by increased
 salinization due to climate change and secondary salinization.
 Understanding the differential vulnerability of freshwater taxa is
 critical to predicting the ecosystem impacts of salinization, and
 informing conservation and management decisions.
description: Salinity tolerance
 (LC50) data from Castillo et al.Database on global
 patterns of salinity tolerance in freshwater organism based on LC50 data
 collected from the literature.Castillo_eta.LC50.Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qt0c2
title: Data from: Vision and the diversification of Phanerozoic marine invertebrates

description: Identifying biological traits that promote evolutionary success is
 fundamental for understanding biodiversity dynamics and for assessing the
 evolutionary response of organisms to global change. We tested the
 hypothesis that image-forming eyes have contributed to the diversification
 of taxa in the geological past. Using fossil occurrences in the
 Paleobiology Database, we analyzed the diversity and evolutionary rates of
 more than 17,000 Phanerozoic genera of marine invertebrates living on or
 above the shallow-water seafloor according to their visual capabilities.
 Analysis of the complete data set shows a peak in the proportional
 diversity of sighted genera early in the Phanerozoic, and their
 continuance at a relatively low and stable level after the Ordovician. As
 an explanation of this pattern we suggest that selection pressure to
 develop eyes rose in the Cambrian, and that behavioral constraints had a
 balancing effect thereafter. In contrast to the pooled data, a clade-level
 study of those subgroups that contain both sighted and blind genera
 revealed that—in trilobites, all epifaunal bivalves, pectinoid bivalves,
 gastropods, and echinoderms—sighted genera diversified more strongly than
 blind genera. This difference is controlled by significantly raised
 extinction rates of blind genera. These more finely resolved patterns
 support the hypothesis that good vision is a key trait that promoted
 preferential diversification.
description: 10066 Supplemental
 MaterialsHierarchical
 categorization of non-infaunal marine Phanerozoic macroinvertebrates
 according to visual capabilities, and main sources. 1 = blind or very poor
 vision; 2 = limited vision; 3 = well-developed vision. See main article
 for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8nc6384
title: Data from: Independent and interactive effects of plant genotype and environment on plant traits and insect herbivore performance: a meta-analysis with Salicaceae

description: 1. Ecological research has increasingly highlighted the importance of
 intraspecific variation in shaping the structure and function of
 communities and ecosystems. Indeed, the effects of intraspecific variation
 can match or exceed those of interspecific variation. Previous reviews of
 intraspecific variation in plant traits across heterogeneous environments
 have focused primarily on mean phenotypic effects. We propose that a
 richer and fuller understanding of the ecological causes and consequences
 of intraspecific variation would be provided by partitioning trait
 variance into its subcomponents (genetic, environment, genotype by
 environment interaction). 2. We used a meta-analysis of 352 sets of
 genetic, environment, and genotype by environment (GxE) variation
 estimates from 72 studies of Salicaceae to compare these sources of
 variation across plant traits (growth, foliar nitrogen, defense
 compounds), insect herbivore performance metrics (e.g., survival, growth,
 fecundity), and environmental conditions (e.g., soil nutrients, water,
 defoliation). 3. Our findings revealed that variation in levels of defense
 compounds (both condensed tannins and salicinoids) and insect herbivore
 performance were primarily genetically determined, while variation in
 plant growth and foliar nitrogen were more environmentally determined. 4.
 Plasticity in plant growth, foliar nitrogen levels, and insect herbivore
 performance varied substantially across different sites (year x location),
 and nutrient, water, and carbon dioxide environments. Plasticity was
 lowest for chemical defense traits and all traits in contrasting ozone and
 defoliation environments. 5. Our quantitative review also revealed several
 gaps in the literature, including a need for surveying more mature plants
 (&gt;2 years-old), a wider variety of insect herbivore species (e.g.,
 leaf-modifiers, specialist insects), and underrepresented environmental
 treatments (e.g., competition, defoliation, disease, light, water). This
 work will help to assess how the patterns within this meta-analysis may or
 may not be confined within particular parameters (e.g., plant maturity).
 6. Findings from this analysis further highlight the importance of and
 patterns within intraspecific variation in shaping the evolvability and
 plasticity of traits and in governing plant-insect interactions.
description: Salicaceae meta-analysis
 data on G, E, and GxE intraspecific variationThis data file contains
 study information and effect sizes from 72 articles on genotype by
 environment interactions in the Salicaceae. The first tab has README
 information on each variable within the data (contained within the
 "meta_data.csv" tab).Barker_GxE_MetaAnalysis_data_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5952
title: Data from: Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages

description: The Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) has established more than 150
 non-native populations in Central Europe, stemming from eight
 geographically distinct evolutionary lineages. While the majority of these
 introduced populations are found outside the native range, some of these
 populations also exist at the northern range margin in south-western
 Germany. In order to a) infer the level of hybridization in contact zones
 of alien and native lineages and b) compare the genetic diversity among
 purebred introduced, native and hybrid populations we used a combination
 of maternally inherited markers (mtDNA: cytb) and Mendelian markers
 (microsatellites). Our results suggest a rapid genetic assimilation of
 native populations by strong introgression from introduced lineages.
 Discordant patterns of mtDNA and nDNA variation within hybrid populations
 may be explained by directed mate choice of females towards males of alien
 lineages. In contrast to previous studies we found a non-linear
 relationship between genetic diversity and admixture level. The genetic
 diversity of hybrid populations was substantially higher than in
 introduced and native populations belonging to a single lineage, but
 rapidly reaching a plateau of high genetic diversity at an admixture level
 of two. However, even introduced populations with low founder sizes and
 from one source population retained moderate levels of genetic diversity
 and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck was found. The extent of
 introgression and the dominance of alien haplotypes in mixed populations
 indicate that introductions of non-native lineages represent a serious
 threat to the genetic integrity of native populations due to the rapid
 creation of hybrid swarms.
description: haplotype and
 microsatellite data Schulte et al Mol EcolSchulte-et-al-haplotype-and-microsatellite-data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.74tk6cr
title: Data from: What influence do courses at medical school and personal experience have on interest in practicing family medicine? – results of a student survey in Hessia

description: Aim: Against the background of an impending shortage of family
 practitioners, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the
 choice to become one. The aim of this study was to identify factors that
 encourage medical students to choose to practice family medicine. Method:
 Using a questionnaire, students in the fourth and fifth years of their
 studies in the Federal State of Hesse were asked about the factors that
 had influenced their choice of medical specialty and their experience of
 courses in family medicine. Predictors of an interest in practicing family
 medicine were calculated using multiple logistic regression. Results: 361
 questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 70.9%.
 Confirmation of personal strengths, an interest in the field, and
 practical experience of the subject generally turned out to be important
 factors influencing the choice of medical specialty. 49.3% of students
 expressed an interest in practicing family medicine. A link existed
 between an interest in working as a family doctor and the opportunity to
 take over an existing practice, experience of medicine in rural areas, and
 an appreciation of the conditions of work. With regard to education at
 medical school, positive experiences during a clinical traineeship in
 family medicine and positive role models among teachers of general
 practice were identified as predictors. Conclusion: Almost half the
 medical students were open to the idea of practicing family medicine.
 Experience of medicine in rural areas and positive experiences of courses
 in general practice were linked to an increased interest in working as a
 family doctor. To promote this interest, it may be a promising approach to
 increase opportunities to collect experience of medicine in rural areas,
 and to encourage highly motivated teaching practices.
description: Raw_data_englishPrimärdaten_Deutsch
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s6k78
title: Data from: Rapid movement and instability of an invasive hybrid swarm

description: Unstable hybrid swarms that arise following the introduction of non-native
 species can overwhelm native congeners, yet the stability of invasive
 hybrid swarms has not been well documented over time. Here we examine
 genetic variation and clinal stability across a recently formed hybrid
 swarm involving native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and
 non-native red shiner (C. lutrensis) in the Upper Coosa River basin, which
 is widely considered to be a global hotspot of aquatic biodiversity.
 Examination of phenotypic, multilocus genotypic, and mitochondrial
 haplotype variability between 2005 and 2011 revealed that the proportion
 of hybrids has increased over time, with more than a third of all sampled
 individuals exhibiting admixture in the final year of sampling.
 Comparisons of clines over time indicated that the hybrid swarm has been
 rapidly progressing upstream, but at a declining and slower pace than
 rates estimated from historical collection records. Clinal comparisons
 also showed that the hybrid swarm has been expanding and contracting over
 time. Additionally, we documented the presence of red shiner and hybrids
 farther downstream than prior studies have detected, which suggests that
 congeners in the Coosa River basin, including all remaining populations of
 the threatened blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea), are at greater risk than
 previously thought.
description: Cyprinella hybrid zone
 data 2008_2011Phenotypic, mtDNA
 haplotype, and multilocus genotype data for Cyprinella collected in 2008
 and 2011.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5m4d79
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 102526 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Corvus macrorhynchos, Pica serica)",
 "Country is Korea, Republic of",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Observation)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 102526 records from 47 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000673-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8c0t7
title: Data from: Ecological selection of siderophore-producing microbial taxa in response to heavy metal contamination

description: Some microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide
 benefits, and are open to exploitation by non-producing species. One such
 example is the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. Here, we
 investigate whether conflicting selection pressures on siderophore
 production by heavy metals – a detoxifying effect of siderophores, and
 exploitation of this detoxifying effect – results in a net increase or
 decrease. We show that the proportion of siderophore-producing taxa
 increases along a natural heavy metal gradient. A causal link between
 metal contamination and siderophore production was subsequently
 demonstrated in a microcosm experiment in compost, in which we observed
 changes in community composition towards taxa that produce relatively more
 siderophores following copper contamination. We confirmed the selective
 benefit of siderophores by showing that taxa producing large amount of
 siderophores suffered less growth inhibition in toxic copper. Our results
 suggest that ecological selection will favour siderophore-mediated
 decontamination, with important consequences for potential remediation
 strategies.
description: Ecological selection for
 siderophore production in metal-contaminated soilsThe Excel file contains
 all observational and experimental data on microbial siderophore
 production discussed in the paper. Data used for each figure/analysis is
 spread over different tabs, and appropriate variable names are
 provided.Hesse_Ecol_Let.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1sj40
title: Data from: The effect of dam construction on the movement of dwarf caimans, Paleosuchus trigonatus and Paleosuchus palpebrosus, in Brazilian Amazonia

description: Run-of-the-river hydroelectric dams cause changes in seasonal inundation
 of the floodplains, and this may cause displacement of semi-aquatic
 vertebrates present before dam construction. This study evaluated the
 movement of crocodilians before and after the filling of the Santo Antônio
 hydroelectric reservoir on the Madeira River in the Brazilian Amazon,
 which occurred in November 2011. We radio-tracked four adult male
 Paleosuchus palpebrosus and four adult male Paleosuchus trigonatus before
 and after the formation of the reservoir between 2011 and 2013. The home
 ranges of the P. palpebrosus varied from &lt; 1 km2 to 91 km2 and the
 home ranges of the P. trigonatus varied from &lt; 1km2 to 5 km2. The
 species responded differently to time since filling and water level in
 weekly movement and home range. However, overall the dam appears to have
 had little effect on the use of space by the individuals that were present
 before dam construction.
description: Movimento_Paleosuchus_Zilca Camposdata file are locations (movements) of the two species of Paleosuchus palpebrosus (pp) e Paleosuchus trigonatus (pt) in the hydroelectric dam, Brazilian Amazonia. radio= individual; svl= snout vent-lenght (cm)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1q030
title: Data from: Evaluating adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ policy of mandatory, timely clinical trial registration

description: Objective: To determine whether two specific criteria in Uniform
 Requirements for Manuscripts (URM) created by International Committee of
 Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) of including the trial ID registration
 within manuscripts and timely registration of trials are being followed.
 Materials and Methods: Observational study using computerized analysis of
 publicly available MEDLINE article data and clinical trial registry data.
 We analyzed a purposive set of five ICMJE founding journals looking at all
 trial articles published in those journals during 2010-2011, and data from
 the ClinicalTrials.gov trial registry. We measured adherence to trial ID
 inclusion policy as the percentage of trial journal articles that
 contained a valid trial ID within the article (journal-based sample).
 Adherence to timely registration was measured as percentage of trials that
 registered the trial prior enrolling the first participant within a 60-day
 grace period. We also examined timely registration rates by year of all
 phase II and higher interventional trials in ClinicalTrials.gov
 (registry-based sample). Results: To determine trial ID inclusion, we
 analyzed 698 clinical trial articles in five journals. A total of 95.8% of
 trial journal articles included the trial ID. In 88.3% the trial-article
 link is stored within a structured MEDLINE field. To evaluate timely
 registration, we analyzed trials referenced by 451 articles from the
 selected five journals. A total of 60% of articles were registered in a
 timely manner with an improving trend for trials initiated in later years
 (e.g., 89% of trials that initiated in 2008 were registered in a timely
 manner). In the registry-based sample, the timely registration rates
 ranged from 56% for trials registered in 2006 to 72% for trials registered
 in 2011. Discussion: Adherence to URM requirements for registration and
 trial ID inclusion increases the utility of PubMed and links it in an
 important way to clinical trial repositories. This new integrated
 knowledge source can facilitate research prioritization, clinical
 guidelines creation and precision medicine. Conclusions: The five selected
 journals adhere well to the policy of mandatory trial registration and
 also outperform the registry in adherence to timely registration. ICMJE’s
 URM policy represents a unique international mandate that may be providing
 a powerful incentive for sponsors and investigators to document clinical
 trials and trial result publications and thus fulfill important
 obligations to trial participants and society.
description: journal-based-sample-trial-articlesList of all 698 articles analyzed in the study. The first sheet contains comments. The second sheet has article data.