cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8288613
title: High-Resolution Canopy Fuels for Germany Based on GEDI

description: Forest fuels are an essential component of wildfire behavior and risk assessment, but difficult to quantify accurately. As fire spreads into new regions such as Central Europe, the demand for fuels information is increasing. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to map canopy fuels over large areas and at high spatial resolution, using only open and accessible data. We propose a two-step approach that i) predicts five canopy fuel variables at point-level using measurements from NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) instrument, before ii) interpolating them to wall-to-wall raster maps. Instead of conducting field measurements we generate reference data for Canopy (Base) Height (CH, CBH), Cover (CC), Bulk Density (CBD), and Fuel Load (CFL) by segmenting point clouds from airborne laser scanning and processing tree-level metrics to plot-level fuels estimates via allometric crown biomass models. Point-level Random Forest models were tuned to select optimal hyperparameters and cross-validated using k-fold Nearest Neighbor Distance Matching. Predictions at extgreater1.6 M GEDI measurement locations and multiple biophysical raster covariates serve as input to Universal Kriging to produce 20 meter wall-to-wall maps. Random Forest models showed favourable results, especially for CC (R² = 0.76; RMSE = 9.95%), followed by CBH (R² = 0.68; RMSE = 2.41 m) and CH (R² = 0.67; RMSE = 3.86 m). Performance was slightly weaker for CFL (R² = 0.63; RMSE = 4.03 t/ha) and CBD (R² = 0.55; RMSE = 0.03 kg/m³). Wall-to-wall interpolation achieved less accurate yet acceptable results (0.24 &lt; R² &gt; 0.42), except for CC(R² = 0.65). All models could benefit from residual Kriging over only applying linear regression. We show that canopy fuel layers can be sufficiently derived from openly accessible data at country level without extensive field measurements. The proposed workflow may support regions where wildfire is an emerging issue and fuels information is scarce.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8285855
title: High-Resolution Canopy Fuel Maps Based on GEDI: A Foundation for Wildfire Modeling in Germany

description: Open access publication under review.

Visit this Earth Engine app to explore the data interactively.

 

Abstract:

Forest fuels are essential for wildfire behavior modeling and risk assessments but difficult to quantify accurately. An increase in fire frequency in recent years, particularly in regions traditionally not prone to fire, such as central Europe, has increased demands for large-scale remote sensing fuel information. This study develops a methodology for mapping canopy fuels over large areas (Germany) at high spatial resolution, exclusively relying on open remote sensing data.

We propose a two-step approach where we first use measurements from NASA’s GEDI instrument to estimate canopy fuel variables at the footprint level, before predicting high-resolution raster maps. Instead of using field measurements, we generate (GEDI-) footprint-level estimates for Canopy (Base) Height (CH, CBH),Cover (CC), Bulk Density (CBD), and Fuel Load (CFL) by segmenting airborne LiDAR point clouds and processing tree-level metrics with allometric crown biomassmodels. To predict footprint-level canopy fuels we fit and tune Random Forest models, which are cross-validated using k-fold Nearest Neighbor Distance Matching.Predictions at >1.6 M GEDI footprints and biophysical raster covariates are combined with a Universal Kriging method to produce countrywide maps at 20-meter resolution.

Agreement (RMSE/R²) with validation data (from the same population) was strong for footprint-level predictions and moderate for map predictions. A validationwith estimates based on National Forest Inventory data revealed low to modest agreement. Better accuracy was achieved for variables related to height (CH, CBH)rather than to cover or biomass (CBD, CFL). Error analysis pointed towards a mixture of biases in model predictions and validation data, as well as underestimation ofmodel prediction standard errors. Contributing factors may be simplification through allometric equations and spatial and temporal mismatch of data inputs.The proposed workflow has the potential to support regions where wildfire is an emerging issue, and fuel and field information is scarce or unavailable.

 

Data:

This repository contains modeling data, model objects (R), and predicted maps. The TIFF-files each have six bands, which includes (1) the final Universal Kriging result, (2) the linear model prediction (3) the prediction of residual Kriging, (4) the Kriging variance, (5) the linear model prediction standard error, and (6) Universal Kriging standard error.

 

Disclaimer:Maps in this repository are predicted using canopy fuel estimates from GEDI measurements. These are limited the region between 51.6° North and South. Map predictions exceeding this range should be considered an extrapolation of the model to an unknown biophysical domain. Error maps (6) can aid in utilizing our canopy fuel maps.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8288648
title: Five High-Resolution Canopy Fuel Maps Based on GEDI: A Basis for Wildfire Modeling in Germany

description: Open access publication under review. Visit <strong>this Earth Engine app</strong> to explore the data interactively. Abstract: Forest fuels are essential components of wildfire behavior and risk assessments, but difficult to quantify accurately. As fire occurs more frequently in new regions, demand for fuels information increases. This study develops a methodology for mapping canopy fuels over large areas at high spatial resolution, exclusively using open data. We propose a two-step approach that predicts five canopy fuel variables at point-level using measurements from NASA’s GEDI instrument, before interpolating them to high-resolution raster maps. Instead of conducting field measurements, we generate plot-level estimates for Canopy (Base) Height (CH, CBH), Cover (CC), Bulk Density (CBD), and Fuel Load (CFL) by segmenting point clouds from airborne laser scanning and processing tree-level metrics with allometric crown biomass models. Plot-level canopy fuel estimates serve as reference for Random Forest models fitted with GEDI measurements. Models are tuned to find optimal hyperparameters and cross-validated using k-fold Nearest Neighbor Distance Matching. Canopy fuel predictions at &gt;1.6 M GEDI points and multiple biophysical raster covariates are combined with a Universal Kriging method to produce maps for Germany at 20-meter resolution. The Random Forest model for CC performed best (R² = 0.76; RMSE = 9.95 %), followed by CBH (R² = 0.68; RMSE = 2.41 m) and CH (R² = 0.67; RMSE = 3.86 m). Accuracy was slightly lower for CFL (R² = 0.63; RMSE = 4.03 t/ha) and CBD (R² = 0.55; RMSE = 0.03 kg/m³). Interpolation was more precise for CC (R² = 0.65) than for the rest (0.24 &lt; R² &gt; 0.42). Compared to linear regression, additional residual Kriging improved results for all models. We show that canopy fuel maps can be derived from openly accessible data at country level without extensive field measurements. The proposed workflow has the potential to support regions where wildfire is an emerging issue and fuels information is scarce.
DOI: 10.48597/sdtk-cf82
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.48597/35aq-7k3g
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.48597/addj-7gkb
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.48597/hrpf-gb72
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.48597/kgue-g9ee
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.48597/npcc-gwvs
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.48597/p7uv-dtjp
title: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do

description: Measurement of Pm10_mass at Anmyeon-do
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1284390
title: A new detection tool for bioavailable copper utilizing transgenic plants carrying recombinant yeast ACE1 transcription factor and GFP reporter genes

description: Currently, only total copper concentration in soil is normally measured and used as a regulatory standard, despite bioavailable copper in soil being limited due to absorption by soil components. Thus, it is important to distinguish between total copper concentration and bioavailable copper concentration. Unfortunately, a simple, convenient and beneficial tool for detection of bioavailable copper is lacking. In this study, we evaluated some transgenic plants carrying a copper-inducible reporter gene expression system, by transferring them to soil supplemented with various amounts of copper. When supplemented with copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) solution, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP, reporter) fluorescence was observed at 0.4 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> (weight of copper/weight of soil) or more, but when supplemented with metallic copper, more than 20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> was required for GFP fluorescence. These results indicated that uptake of copper when supplemented with CuSO<sub>4</sub> solution is 50 times easier than that when supplemented with metallic copper, and that the transgenic plants respond selectively to bioavailable copper. Sixty independent transgenic plants were generated with different copper detection sensitivity. Thus, the transgenic plant with the optimal target concentration range of bioavailable copper for the intended use can be chosen. This study successfully demonstrates a new transgenic plant-based system is able to detect bioavailable copper without any extraction and purification steps.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1284390.v2
title: A new detection tool for bioavailable copper utilizing transgenic plants carrying recombinant yeast ACE1 transcription factor and GFP reporter genes

description: Currently, only total copper concentration in soil is normally measured and used as a regulatory standard, despite bioavailable copper in soil being limited due to absorption by soil components. Thus, it is important to distinguish between total copper concentration and bioavailable copper concentration. Unfortunately, a simple, convenient and beneficial tool for detection of bioavailable copper is lacking. In this study, we evaluated some transgenic plants carrying a copper-inducible reporter gene expression system, by transferring them to soil supplemented with various amounts of copper. When supplemented with copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) solution, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP, reporter) fluorescence was observed at 0.4 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> (weight of copper/weight of soil) or more, but when supplemented with metallic copper, more than 20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> was required for GFP fluorescence. These results indicated that uptake of copper when supplemented with CuSO<sub>4</sub> solution is 50 times easier than that when supplemented with metallic copper, and that the transgenic plants respond selectively to bioavailable copper. Sixty independent transgenic plants were generated with different copper detection sensitivity. Thus, the transgenic plant with the optimal target concentration range of bioavailable copper for the intended use can be chosen. This study successfully demonstrates a new transgenic plant-based system is able to detect bioavailable copper without any extraction and purification steps.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1256237
title: Distinctive organic matter pools among particle-size fractions detected by solid-state <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N analyses only after strong dispersion in an allophanic Andisol

description: We previously showed the first clear evidence of aggregate hierarchy in an Andisol by comparing the particle-size fractions released upon different levels of dispersion energy up to the maximum dispersion – sonication at 5 kJ mL<sup>−1</sup> following sodium saturation. While smaller particles (&lt; 2 μm) appeared to act as major binding agents, the variation in organic matter (OM) chemistry among the size fractions remains unstudied. Here, we focused on comparing the carbon structure and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) among the particle-size fractions isolated by limited dispersion (mechanical shaking) and by the maximum dispersion treatments for the allophanic Andisol previously examined. Both solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C NMR)and stable isotope ratios showed clear differences among the size fractions after the maximum dispersion but not after the limited dispersion. From 2–53 μm toward the &lt; 0.2 μm fraction, we observed a progressive decline in the proportion of aromatic-C and an increase in that of <i>O</i>-alkyl-C. Similarly, the enrichment of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N toward the smaller particle size fractions was observed after the maximum dispersion. While δ<sup>15</sup> N had progressive enrichment from 3.6‰ (53–4000 μm) to 6.4‰ (&lt; 0.2 μm fraction), δ<sup>13</sup>C showed a 2.5–3.0‰ enrichment from the 53–4000 μm fraction (−24.0‰) to 2–53 μm fraction and remained largely constant between 0.2–2 μm and &lt; 0.2 μm fractions. The sonication-induced redistribution and chemical alternation of OM appeared to be minor due to the small pool sizes of low-density materials (e.g., plant litter) and microbial biomass. The emergence of the size-dependent changes in C chemistry after the maximum dispersion was consistent with the Andisol aggregate hierarchy model we previously proposed. The observed difference in C/N ratio and isotopic ratios as well as C composition implies that the OM present in the sonication-resistant particles of &lt; `2 μm sizes (that account for roughly 70% of total C and N) are highly recycled by and/or largely originated from soil microbes. The applicability of current findings to other samples (e.g., non-allophanic Andisols) should be examined to establish the unique role of OM-enriched, micron to submicron particles in the aggregate hierarchy of Andisols.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1256237.v2
title: Distinctive organic matter pools among particle-size fractions detected by solid-state <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N analyses only after strong dispersion in an allophanic Andisol

description: We previously showed the first clear evidence of aggregate hierarchy in an Andisol by comparing the particle-size fractions released upon different levels of dispersion energy up to the maximum dispersion – sonication at 5 kJ mL<sup>−1</sup> following sodium saturation. While smaller particles (&lt; 2 μm) appeared to act as major binding agents, the variation in organic matter (OM) chemistry among the size fractions remains unstudied. Here, we focused on comparing the carbon structure and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) among the particle-size fractions isolated by limited dispersion (mechanical shaking) and by the maximum dispersion treatments for the allophanic Andisol previously examined. Both solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C NMR)and stable isotope ratios showed clear differences among the size fractions after the maximum dispersion but not after the limited dispersion. From 2–53 μm toward the &lt; 0.2 μm fraction, we observed a progressive decline in the proportion of aromatic-C and an increase in that of <i>O</i>-alkyl-C. Similarly, the enrichment of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N toward the smaller particle size fractions was observed after the maximum dispersion. While δ<sup>15</sup> N had progressive enrichment from 3.6‰ (53–4000 μm) to 6.4‰ (&lt; 0.2 μm fraction), δ<sup>13</sup>C showed a 2.5–3.0‰ enrichment from the 53–4000 μm fraction (−24.0‰) to 2–53 μm fraction and remained largely constant between 0.2–2 μm and &lt; 0.2 μm fractions. The sonication-induced redistribution and chemical alternation of OM appeared to be minor due to the small pool sizes of low-density materials (e.g., plant litter) and microbial biomass. The emergence of the size-dependent changes in C chemistry after the maximum dispersion was consistent with the Andisol aggregate hierarchy model we previously proposed. The observed difference in C/N ratio and isotopic ratios as well as C composition implies that the OM present in the sonication-resistant particles of &lt; `2 μm sizes (that account for roughly 70% of total C and N) are highly recycled by and/or largely originated from soil microbes. The applicability of current findings to other samples (e.g., non-allophanic Andisols) should be examined to establish the unique role of OM-enriched, micron to submicron particles in the aggregate hierarchy of Andisols.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1284390.v1
title: A new detection tool for bioavailable copper utilizing transgenic plants carrying recombinant yeast ACE1 transcription factor and GFP reporter genes

description: Currently, only total copper concentration in soil is normally measured and used as a regulatory standard, despite bioavailable copper in soil being limited due to absorption by soil components. Thus, it is important to distinguish between total copper concentration and bioavailable copper concentration. Unfortunately, a simple, convenient and beneficial tool for detection of bioavailable copper is lacking. In this study, we evaluated some transgenic plants carrying a copper-inducible reporter gene expression system, by transferring them to soil supplemented with various amounts of copper. When supplemented with copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) solution, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP, reporter) fluorescence was observed at 0.4 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> (weight of copper/weight of soil) or more, but when supplemented with metallic copper, more than 20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> was required for GFP fluorescence. These results indicated that uptake of copper when supplemented with CuSO<sub>4</sub> solution is 50 times easier than that when supplemented with metallic copper, and that the transgenic plants respond selectively to bioavailable copper. Sixty independent transgenic plants were generated with different copper detection sensitivity. Thus, the transgenic plant with the optimal target concentration range of bioavailable copper for the intended use can be chosen. This study successfully demonstrates a new transgenic plant-based system is able to detect bioavailable copper without any extraction and purification steps.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1287665
title: Soluble selenium content of agricultural soils in Japan and its determining factors with reference to soil type, land use and region

description: To evaluate labile selenium (Se) content in agricultural soils in Japan and to investigate its determining factors, 178 soil samples were collected from the surface layer of paddy or upland fields in Japan and their soluble Se contents were determined. Two grams of soil was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> sodium sulfate (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) solution for 30 min in boiling water, and the released Se was reduced to Se (IV) after organic matter decomposition. The concentration of Se (IV) was then determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector after treatment with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and extraction with cyclohexane. Soluble Se content ranged from 2.5 to 44.5 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> with geometric and arithmetic means of 11.4 and 12.8 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and corresponded to 3.2% of the total Se on average. The overall data showed log-normal distribution. In terms of soil type, Non-allophanic Andosols and Volcanogenous Regosols had relatively high soluble Se content, and Wet Andosols and Lowland Paddy soils had relatively low soluble Se content. In terms of land use, upland soils had significantly higher soluble Se content than paddy soils (p &lt; 0.01). The soluble Se content had significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) content of the extract, soil pH and total Se content (p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, total Se content in combination with soil pH was the main determining factor of the soluble Se content of agricultural soils in Japan.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1287665.v1
title: Soluble selenium content of agricultural soils in Japan and its determining factors with reference to soil type, land use and region

description: To evaluate labile selenium (Se) content in agricultural soils in Japan and to investigate its determining factors, 178 soil samples were collected from the surface layer of paddy or upland fields in Japan and their soluble Se contents were determined. Two grams of soil was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> sodium sulfate (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) solution for 30 min in boiling water, and the released Se was reduced to Se (IV) after organic matter decomposition. The concentration of Se (IV) was then determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector after treatment with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and extraction with cyclohexane. Soluble Se content ranged from 2.5 to 44.5 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> with geometric and arithmetic means of 11.4 and 12.8 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and corresponded to 3.2% of the total Se on average. The overall data showed log-normal distribution. In terms of soil type, Non-allophanic Andosols and Volcanogenous Regosols had relatively high soluble Se content, and Wet Andosols and Lowland Paddy soils had relatively low soluble Se content. In terms of land use, upland soils had significantly higher soluble Se content than paddy soils (p &lt; 0.01). The soluble Se content had significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) content of the extract, soil pH and total Se content (p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, total Se content in combination with soil pH was the main determining factor of the soluble Se content of agricultural soils in Japan.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1287665.v2
title: Soluble selenium content of agricultural soils in Japan and its determining factors with reference to soil type, land use and region

description: To evaluate labile selenium (Se) content in agricultural soils in Japan and to investigate its determining factors, 178 soil samples were collected from the surface layer of paddy or upland fields in Japan and their soluble Se contents were determined. Two grams of soil was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> sodium sulfate (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) solution for 30 min in boiling water, and the released Se was reduced to Se (IV) after organic matter decomposition. The concentration of Se (IV) was then determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector after treatment with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and extraction with cyclohexane. Soluble Se content ranged from 2.5 to 44.5 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> with geometric and arithmetic means of 11.4 and 12.8 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and corresponded to 3.2% of the total Se on average. The overall data showed log-normal distribution. In terms of soil type, Non-allophanic Andosols and Volcanogenous Regosols had relatively high soluble Se content, and Wet Andosols and Lowland Paddy soils had relatively low soluble Se content. In terms of land use, upland soils had significantly higher soluble Se content than paddy soils (p &lt; 0.01). The soluble Se content had significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) content of the extract, soil pH and total Se content (p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, total Se content in combination with soil pH was the main determining factor of the soluble Se content of agricultural soils in Japan.