DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qbq
title: Personality and predictability in farmed calves using movement and space-use behaviours quantified by Ultra-wideband sensors

description: Individuals within a population often show consistent between individual
 differences in their average behavioral expression (personality), and
 consistent differences in their within-individual variability of behavior
 around the mean (predictability). Where correlations between different
 personality traits and/or the predictability of traits exist, these
 represent behavioral or predictability syndromes.  In wild
 populations, behavioral syndromes have consequences for individual’s
 survival and reproduction and affect the structure and functioning of
 groups and populations. The consequences of behavioral syndromes for farm
 animals is less well explored, partly due to the challenges in quantifying
 behavior of many individuals across time and context in a farm setting.
 Here, we use Ultra-Wideband location sensors to provide precise measures
 of movement and space use for 60 calves over 40-48 days. We find that
 individuals show consistent within and between individual variation in
 movement and space use and show correlations in personality and
 predictability, indicating the existence of “exploratory” and “active”
 personality types in farmed calves. We consider the consequences of such
 individual variability for cattle behavior and welfare and how such data
 may be used to inform management decision in farm animals.
description: Title: Personality and predictability of movement and space use
 in farmed calves quantified by Ultra-wideband sensors
 Authors: Francesca Occhiuto1*, Jorge. A. Vázquez-Diosdado1,
 Charles Carslake1, and Jasmeet Kaler1*<br>     1School of Veterinary
 Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus,
 Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.<br>     * Correspondence:
 Francesca.Occhiuto@nottingham.ac.uk,
 Jasmeet.Kaler@nottingham.ac.uk <br>Dates: October
 2020 - April 2021 Location: Centre for Dairy Science
 Innovation at the University of Nottingham, UK Funding:
 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom,
 project references: BB/M008770/1 and BB/S506758/1 File:
 Calves_movement_space_use.csv This file contains the
 movement and space use data for 60 farmed calves generated for the
 associated manuscript<br>685 observation of  16 variables
 Contains the following variables:Column A: Calf_ID represents the
 individual calf identification number<br>Column B: Observation
 represents the 4-day observational time unit <br>Column C: Cohort
 represents the cohort that the calf was part of<br>Column D:
 AllDayArea_50 represents the value of the "Total area used" in
 m^2, defined as the cumulative 50% of the observed density on the utility
 distribution during the observational time unit<br>Column E:
 AllDayArea_95 represents the value of the "Core area used" in
 m^2, defined as the cumulative 95% of the observed density on the utility
 distribution during the observational time unit<br>Column F:
 SiteFidelity_AllCombinations represents the "Site Fidelity"
 (index) defined as the level of overlap or similarity of utility
 distributions of the days within the observational time
 unit<br>Column G: Walked_Distance represents the total distance
 travelled in m, defined as the sum of the total distance travelled over
 the observational time unit<br>Column H: Sum_AllDay_Feeder_Time
 represents the total time spent in the feeder area in minutes, defined as
 the overall time within the feeder for the observational time
 unit<br>Column I: AverageTemp represents the average of the daily
 temperature during the observational time unit measured in
 °C<br>Column J: Health_status    represents whether the calves had
 received treatment from the farm staff: <br>    “Sick” means that
 the day and/or the previous two days of the treatment administration fall
 within the observational time unit<br>    "Convalescent” means
 that the three days following the treatment fall within the observational
 time unit<br>    "Healthy" if none of the above
 apply<br>Column K: Weaning represents the weaning status of the
 calves <br>    "No" means that the calf was receiving the
 full milk entitlement <br>    "Step-down" means that the
 calf was entitled to a reduced amount of milk<br>  
  "Weaned" means that the calf was not entitled to any
 milk<br>Column L: Sex represents the sex of the calf (F=female,
 M=male)<br>Column M: Breed    represents the breed of the calf
 (HO=Holstein-Fresian, AA=Aberdeen Angus, BB=Belgian Blue)<br>Column
 N: Age represents the age of the calf in days at the end of the
 observational time unit<br><br> File
 created: ‎16 ‎December ‎2021 Methods for data
 collection and processing available in the associated manuscript