DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hmgqnk9sd
title: Ignoring within-flower self-fertilization and inbreeding depression biases estimates of selection on floral traits

description: Within-flower self-pollination should be the major source of
 self-fertilization in mixed-mating species that present single or few
 flowers simultaneously. It is also an often unmeasured source of selfing
 in species with many flowers open simultaneously. In self-compatible
 species in which pistil and stamen numbers vary, the rate of within-flower
 selfing should depend on the number of pistils and stamens, the timing of
 flowering, and the morphology of subsidiary floral traits. The intensity
 and direction of selection on these traits should thus also depend on the
 level of inbreeding depression. Here, we measured the dependence of the
 within-flower selfing rate on floral sex allocation, phenology, petal
 length, and floral stalk height in a population of the perennial herb
 Pulsatilla alpina (Ranunculaceae) in which most individuals had single
 flowers. We estimated inbreeding depression in the population by comparing
 inbreeding coefficients between parents and seed progeny using
 microsatellite markers. We then estimated selection on the measured traits
 via female reproductive success at the flower level and compared our
 estimates with a hypothetical scenario in which inbreeding depression was
 assumed to be absent. Inbreeding depression was estimated to be severe
 (0.95). The within-flower selfing rate varied widely among flowers and
 depended positively on stamen number and negatively on pistil number and
 flowering date, supporting the predictions of a mass-action model. The
 dependence of the selfing rate on the measured floral traits consistently
 predicted (non-linear) patterns of selection under high inbreeding
 depression that were distinct from those under a hypothetical scenario of
 no inbreeding depression. Synthesis: While previous research has
 emphasized the importance of mass-action mating on selfing among flowers
 of plants with large floral displays, our results demonstrate its
 importance for selfing within individual flowers. They also demonstrate
 the importance of accounting for both the selfing rate and inbreeding
 depression when inferring selection on floral and other traits via female
 fitness.
description: The data set was collected from filed work at Solalex, in the
 pre-Alps of Vaud canton, Switzerland in 2022. 
description: # Ignoring within-flower self-fertilization and inbreeding depression
 biases estimates of selection on floral traits This README file was
 generated on 2024-07-07 by Kai-Hsiu Chen General information:  Title:
 Ignoring within-flower self-fertilization and inbreeding depression biases
 estimates of selection on floral traits Journal of Ecology, 2024 Authors:
 Kai-Hsiu Chen and John R. Pannell Affiliations: Department of Ecology and
 Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondance: Kai-Hsiu
 Chen ([kai-hsiu.chen@unil.ch](mailto:kai-hsiu.chen@unil.ch)) Date of data
 collection: 2022.5-8 Location: Solalex, Vaud, Switzerland Data and R Codes
 for analyses in the paper Within-flower selfing rate R file:
 Within-flower_selfing.R Data used: Data_selfing.csv Output: Figure 2, 3
 Phenotypic selection R file: Phenotypic_selection.R Data used:
 Data_phenotypic_selection.csv Output: Figure 4 List and Details of
 Datasets **Data_selfing.csv** 1.Number of variables: 11 2.Number of
 cases/rows: 60 individuals with single a bisexual flower 3.Variable List:
 a)Ind_ID: individual identity b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the
 individual c)Stamen_number_func: Number of stamens after removal
 d)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (Intact:
 intact; SR50: 50% removal; SR100: 100%) e)Petal_length: tepal length (cm)
 f)Stalk_height: height of stalk (cm) g)Flowering_date : date of the
 begining of the female function (Julian date) h)Pistil_number: number of
 pistils of the flower i)Total_typed_seed: number of genotyped seeds
 j)Total_selfed_seed: number of selfed seeds k)Selfing_rate: within-flower
 selfing rate **Data_phenotypic_selection.csv**: each flower has two rows
 each for the two scenarios of inbreeding depression (d= 0 or 0.95)
 1.Number of variables: 15 2.Number of cases/rows: 120 (60 individuals with
 single a bisexual flower) 3.Variable List: a)Ind_ID: individual identity
 b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual c)Stamen_number_func:
 Number of stamens after removal d)Stamen_removal: to which of the three
 treatments subjected (Intact: intact; SR50: 50% removal; SR100: 100%)
 e)Petal_length: tepal length (cm) f)Stalk_height: height of stalk (cm)
 g)Flowering_date: date of the begining of the female function (Julian
 date) *NA due to missing data h)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the
 flower i)Total_typed_seed: number of genotyped seeds j)Total_selfed_seed:
 number of selfed seeds k)Mature_seed_number: Female reproductive success
 using seed number as a proxy (selfed progeny contributes equally to both
 female and male RS) l)Relative_RS: Female reproductive success using
 relative fitness as a proxy; k) relative to the mean of the population
 (selfed progeny contributes equally to both female and male RS)
 m)Inbreeding_derpession: inbreeding depression scenarios (0 or 0.95)
 n)Mature_seed_number_S: Female reproductive success using seed number as a
 proxy (selfed progeny contributes to only female functions)
 o)Relative_RS_S: Female reproductive success using relative fitness as a
 proxy; n) relative to the mean of the population (selfed progeny
 contributes to only female functions)