cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933722
title: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique

description: OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study that included the analysis of sociodemographic data and laboratory findings of 200 patients infected with HIV/AIDS treated in a laboratory unit in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2010. Individual data for all participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Plasma samples were tested for IgG testing of anti- T. gondii using hemagglutination for the analysis of antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence of IgG anti- T. gondii was 46.0% (95%CI 39.2;52.9), 39.3% (95%CI 29.5;50.0) in men and 50.9% (95%CI 41.9;59.8) in women, with no difference between sex (OR 1.30; 95%CI 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). Ages ranged from 10 to 60 years, with a higher prevalence of infection in older age groups, but with no significant difference between them. Regularly consuming cattle meat (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.04;2.89, p = 0.05), breeding cats/dogs (OR 6.18; 95%CI 3.60;10.62, p &lt; 0.000) and having regular contact with soil (OR 3.38; 95%CI 2.19;5.21; p &lt; 0.000) were significantly associated with risk of latent infection. CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasmosis is an infection with high prevalence in Mozambique. Cultural and behavioral aspects increase the risk. Toxoplasmosis can be responsible in our environment by the great burden of morbidity and mortality associated with meningoencephalic injuries in patients with HIV/AIDS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933722.v1
title: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique

description: OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study that included the analysis of sociodemographic data and laboratory findings of 200 patients infected with HIV/AIDS treated in a laboratory unit in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2010. Individual data for all participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Plasma samples were tested for IgG testing of anti- T. gondii using hemagglutination for the analysis of antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence of IgG anti- T. gondii was 46.0% (95%CI 39.2;52.9), 39.3% (95%CI 29.5;50.0) in men and 50.9% (95%CI 41.9;59.8) in women, with no difference between sex (OR 1.30; 95%CI 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). Ages ranged from 10 to 60 years, with a higher prevalence of infection in older age groups, but with no significant difference between them. Regularly consuming cattle meat (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.04;2.89, p = 0.05), breeding cats/dogs (OR 6.18; 95%CI 3.60;10.62, p &lt; 0.000) and having regular contact with soil (OR 3.38; 95%CI 2.19;5.21; p &lt; 0.000) were significantly associated with risk of latent infection. CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasmosis is an infection with high prevalence in Mozambique. Cultural and behavioral aspects increase the risk. Toxoplasmosis can be responsible in our environment by the great burden of morbidity and mortality associated with meningoencephalic injuries in patients with HIV/AIDS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933724.v1
title: Smoking and occupational stressors in firefighters, 2011

description: OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of smoking in firefighters and associated factors. METHODS Cross sectional study of 711 firefighters in Belo Horizonte, MG, Southeastern Brazil, in 2011. The data were obtained using a self-applied structured questionnaire, which included sociodemographic characteristics, occupational stressors, health status and adverse life events. Smoking was analyzed as a dichotomous variable (multiple logistic regression). RESULTS The prevalence of smoking among firefighters was 7.6%. Currently smoking status was associated with low levels of schooling, a monthly income in the middle band, the existence of psychiatric problems in the past, high exposure to traumatic events in life, social discrimination, occupational stressors and low demand at work. CONCLUSIONS The low prevalence of smoking indicates the relevance of employment conditions in explaining harmful habits and health. Organizational and operational stressors contribute independently to explaining current smoking status in the population studied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933734.v1
title: Cognitive performance and frailty in older adults clients of a private health care plan

description: OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between frailty syndrome and cognitive performance in the older adults and the effect of schooling and age on this association. METHODS Data on frailty in older adults from Phase 1 of the FIBRA-RJ Study were analyzed, relating to 737 customers of a private health care provider, aged 65 and over, living in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, between January 2009 and January 2010. Data on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, medical conditions and functional capacity were collected. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Individuals who exhibited three or more of the following features were considered to be frail: unintentional weight loss (≥ 4.5 kg in the last year); feeling self-reported exhaustion, low grip strength, low physical activity level and slowness. The association between frailty and cognitive performance was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression, with adjustment for medical conditions, activities of daily living and socioeconomic variables. We evaluated the age and schooling as possible effect modifiers in this association. RESULTS The frail subjects had a higher prevalence of low cognitive performance, compared to not frail or pre-frail, in the three age groups studied (65-74; 75-84; ≥ 85 years), p &lt; 0.001. After adjustment, the association between frailty and cognitive performance was found among older adults individuals aged 75 and older, with an ORadj= 2.78 (95%CI 1.23;6.27) for those aged 75 to 84 and ORadj= 15.62 (95%CI 2.20;110.99) for 85 and older. The age variable was an effect modifier in the association between frailty and cognitive performance, χ2(5) = 806.97, p &lt; 0.0001; the same was not the case with schooling. CONCLUSIONS Frailty syndrome is associated with cognitive performance in the aging. Age proved to be an effect modifier in this association. The oldest patients showed a more significant association between the two phenomena.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933731
title: Medication use by the ?quilombola? population: a survey in Southwestern Bahia, Brazil

description: OBJECTIVE To characterize the medication use by the quilombola population. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 797 adult quilombola in Vitória da Conquista, BA, Northeastern Brazil, in 2011. Analysis of variance was used to compare means of drugs by subject, according to demographic, socioeconomic and health-related behavior variables. Prevalence, prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Multivariate analysis was carried out using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS The most widely consumed drugs by the population were those for the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Prevalence of medication use was 41.9%, significantly higher among women (50.3%) than men (31.9%). After adjusted analysis, medication use was associated with being female gender, being aged 60 or older, higher economic level, worse self-rated health, greater number of self-reported diseases and number of medical appointments. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to improve rational drug use should preferentially focus on women and older adults. Thus, special attention should be given to promote rational prescription in everyday health services.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933731.v1
title: Medication use by the ?quilombola? population: a survey in Southwestern Bahia, Brazil

description: OBJECTIVE To characterize the medication use by the quilombola population. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 797 adult quilombola in Vitória da Conquista, BA, Northeastern Brazil, in 2011. Analysis of variance was used to compare means of drugs by subject, according to demographic, socioeconomic and health-related behavior variables. Prevalence, prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Multivariate analysis was carried out using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS The most widely consumed drugs by the population were those for the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Prevalence of medication use was 41.9%, significantly higher among women (50.3%) than men (31.9%). After adjusted analysis, medication use was associated with being female gender, being aged 60 or older, higher economic level, worse self-rated health, greater number of self-reported diseases and number of medical appointments. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to improve rational drug use should preferentially focus on women and older adults. Thus, special attention should be given to promote rational prescription in everyday health services.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933734
title: Cognitive performance and frailty in older adults clients of a private health care plan

description: OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between frailty syndrome and cognitive performance in the older adults and the effect of schooling and age on this association. METHODS Data on frailty in older adults from Phase 1 of the FIBRA-RJ Study were analyzed, relating to 737 customers of a private health care provider, aged 65 and over, living in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, between January 2009 and January 2010. Data on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, medical conditions and functional capacity were collected. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Individuals who exhibited three or more of the following features were considered to be frail: unintentional weight loss (≥ 4.5 kg in the last year); feeling self-reported exhaustion, low grip strength, low physical activity level and slowness. The association between frailty and cognitive performance was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression, with adjustment for medical conditions, activities of daily living and socioeconomic variables. We evaluated the age and schooling as possible effect modifiers in this association. RESULTS The frail subjects had a higher prevalence of low cognitive performance, compared to not frail or pre-frail, in the three age groups studied (65-74; 75-84; ≥ 85 years), p &lt; 0.001. After adjustment, the association between frailty and cognitive performance was found among older adults individuals aged 75 and older, with an ORadj= 2.78 (95%CI 1.23;6.27) for those aged 75 to 84 and ORadj= 15.62 (95%CI 2.20;110.99) for 85 and older. The age variable was an effect modifier in the association between frailty and cognitive performance, χ2(5) = 806.97, p &lt; 0.0001; the same was not the case with schooling. CONCLUSIONS Frailty syndrome is associated with cognitive performance in the aging. Age proved to be an effect modifier in this association. The oldest patients showed a more significant association between the two phenomena.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933751.v1
title: Social mobility, lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents

description: OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between social mobility, lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents. METHODS A cohort study of 1,716 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years of both sexes. The adolescents were participants in a cohort study and were born between 1994 and 1999. The adolescents, from public and private schools, were assessed between 2009 and 2011. Lifestyle was assessed by interview and anthropometry was used to calculatebody mass index. For the economic classification, both at pre-school age and in adolescence, the criteria recommended by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies were used. Upward social mobility was categorized as an increase by at least one class in economic status within a 10-year-period. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between upward social mobility and the outcomes assessed. RESULTS Among all respondents (71.4% follow-up of the cohort), 60.6% had upward social mobility. Among these, 93.6% belonged to socioeconomic class D and 99.9% to economy class E. Higher prevalence of social mobility was observed for students with black skin (71.4%) and mulatto students (61.9%) enrolled in public schools (64.3%) whose mothers had less schooling in the first evaluation (67.2%) and revaluation (68.7%). After adjustment for confounding variables, upward social mobility was associated only with sedentary behavior (p = 0.02). The socioeconomic class in childhood was more associated with the outcomes assessed than was upward mobility. CONCLUSIONS Upward social mobility was not associated with most of the outcomes evaluated, possibly as it is discreet and because the period considered in the study may not have been sufficient to reflect substantial changes in lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933751
title: Social mobility, lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents

description: OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between social mobility, lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents. METHODS A cohort study of 1,716 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years of both sexes. The adolescents were participants in a cohort study and were born between 1994 and 1999. The adolescents, from public and private schools, were assessed between 2009 and 2011. Lifestyle was assessed by interview and anthropometry was used to calculatebody mass index. For the economic classification, both at pre-school age and in adolescence, the criteria recommended by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies were used. Upward social mobility was categorized as an increase by at least one class in economic status within a 10-year-period. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between upward social mobility and the outcomes assessed. RESULTS Among all respondents (71.4% follow-up of the cohort), 60.6% had upward social mobility. Among these, 93.6% belonged to socioeconomic class D and 99.9% to economy class E. Higher prevalence of social mobility was observed for students with black skin (71.4%) and mulatto students (61.9%) enrolled in public schools (64.3%) whose mothers had less schooling in the first evaluation (67.2%) and revaluation (68.7%). After adjustment for confounding variables, upward social mobility was associated only with sedentary behavior (p = 0.02). The socioeconomic class in childhood was more associated with the outcomes assessed than was upward mobility. CONCLUSIONS Upward social mobility was not associated with most of the outcomes evaluated, possibly as it is discreet and because the period considered in the study may not have been sufficient to reflect substantial changes in lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933758
title: Physical activity in pregnant women receiving care in primary health care units

description: OBJECTIVE To describe physical-activity patterns of low-risk pregnant women and investigate associated factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study based on a sample (n = 256) of adult pregnant women in their 2ndtrimester. The participants were randomly selected among those attending primary health care units in Botucatu in Sao Paulo State in 2010. Physical activities were investigated by using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire and by analyzing the time and intensity of the following activities: occupational, commuting, household and leisure, expressed in metabolic equivalents/day. The pregnant women were classified according to their level of physical activity and to achieving 150 minutes/week of leisure physical activities, which were the dependent variables in the study. The association between such variables and socioeconomic variables, maternal characteristics, behavioral factors and the care model in the health care unit was evaluated by Poisson regression models with robust variance and by adopting the hierarchical model. RESULTS Most pregnant women were insufficiently active (77.7%); 12.5% were moderately active and 9.8% were vigorously active. The highest daily energy expenditure was in carrying out household activities, followed by commuting activities. Only 10.2% of them followed the recommendation, successfully achieving 150 minutes of leisure physical activities per week. Having a job outside of the home reduced the chance of achieving such recommendation (OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.16;0.93). Having at least one previous delivery (OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.77;0.99) and being overweight pre-pregnancy (OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.731;0.99) reduced the chance of being insufficiently active whereas consuming healthy foods less frequently slightly increased it: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.02;1.36. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women who were cared for in primary health care units were insufficiently active. Having at least one previous delivery and being overweight pre-pregnancy were identified as protective factors against such condition. Less frequent intake of healthy foods was found to be a risk factor, therefore suggesting a cluster of health risk factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933758.v1
title: Physical activity in pregnant women receiving care in primary health care units

description: OBJECTIVE To describe physical-activity patterns of low-risk pregnant women and investigate associated factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study based on a sample (n = 256) of adult pregnant women in their 2ndtrimester. The participants were randomly selected among those attending primary health care units in Botucatu in Sao Paulo State in 2010. Physical activities were investigated by using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire and by analyzing the time and intensity of the following activities: occupational, commuting, household and leisure, expressed in metabolic equivalents/day. The pregnant women were classified according to their level of physical activity and to achieving 150 minutes/week of leisure physical activities, which were the dependent variables in the study. The association between such variables and socioeconomic variables, maternal characteristics, behavioral factors and the care model in the health care unit was evaluated by Poisson regression models with robust variance and by adopting the hierarchical model. RESULTS Most pregnant women were insufficiently active (77.7%); 12.5% were moderately active and 9.8% were vigorously active. The highest daily energy expenditure was in carrying out household activities, followed by commuting activities. Only 10.2% of them followed the recommendation, successfully achieving 150 minutes of leisure physical activities per week. Having a job outside of the home reduced the chance of achieving such recommendation (OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.16;0.93). Having at least one previous delivery (OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.77;0.99) and being overweight pre-pregnancy (OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.731;0.99) reduced the chance of being insufficiently active whereas consuming healthy foods less frequently slightly increased it: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.02;1.36. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women who were cared for in primary health care units were insufficiently active. Having at least one previous delivery and being overweight pre-pregnancy were identified as protective factors against such condition. Less frequent intake of healthy foods was found to be a risk factor, therefore suggesting a cluster of health risk factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933775
title: Modern epidemiology and its discontents

description: The goal of this article is to present a snapshot of an ongoing debate within epidemiology, pitching opposing sides in the struggle to define the path it should follow in the years to come. The debate among epidemiologists in the mid-90s pitted those who defended the idea that epidemiology should necessarily deal with a wide context against those who believed that science and public health are better served by focusing on the individual level. Ian Hacking’s concept of styles of reasoning was used as a theoretical tool. The literature was reviewed using a core set of articles as an entry point, seeking articles that cited them, and then back-tracking the citations of the resulting set in the Scopus database. The main arguments are presented according to levels (ontological, epistemological, axiological and pragmatic), in order to show an even deeper disagreement, in the very conception of science and its relation to social issues and public policy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933775.v1
title: Modern epidemiology and its discontents

description: The goal of this article is to present a snapshot of an ongoing debate within epidemiology, pitching opposing sides in the struggle to define the path it should follow in the years to come. The debate among epidemiologists in the mid-90s pitted those who defended the idea that epidemiology should necessarily deal with a wide context against those who believed that science and public health are better served by focusing on the individual level. Ian Hacking’s concept of styles of reasoning was used as a theoretical tool. The literature was reviewed using a core set of articles as an entry point, seeking articles that cited them, and then back-tracking the citations of the resulting set in the Scopus database. The main arguments are presented according to levels (ontological, epistemological, axiological and pragmatic), in order to show an even deeper disagreement, in the very conception of science and its relation to social issues and public policy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933781
title: Attention performance among Brazilian truck drivers and its association with amphetamine use: pilot study

description: The aim of this article was to describe the attention functioning of twenty-two truck drivers and its relationship with amphetamine use. Those drivers who reported using amphetamines in the twelve months previous to the interview had the best performance in a test evaluating sustained attention functioning. Although amphetamine use may initially seem advantageous to the drivers, it may actually impair safe driving. The findings suggest the importance of monitoring the laws regarding amphetamine use in this country.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933781.v1
title: Attention performance among Brazilian truck drivers and its association with amphetamine use: pilot study

description: The aim of this article was to describe the attention functioning of twenty-two truck drivers and its relationship with amphetamine use. Those drivers who reported using amphetamines in the twelve months previous to the interview had the best performance in a test evaluating sustained attention functioning. Although amphetamine use may initially seem advantageous to the drivers, it may actually impair safe driving. The findings suggest the importance of monitoring the laws regarding amphetamine use in this country.