cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495504
title: A meta-analysis of the ecological significance of density in tree invasions

description: Species richness, resource availability, and disturbance are the primary factors considered in assessing the invasibil- ity of plant communities. Nonetheless, the density of individuals in a community is a common and easy trait to measure. The ecological significance of the density of both native and invasive tree species was assessed using a systematic review and formal meta-analysis. The densities of recipient communities and invasive exotic tree species in novel ranges were identified in the published literature. In addition, we compared by means of a meta-analysis: (i) densities of invasive versus native species in invaded communities; (ii) densities of native species in invaded versus uninvaded communities; and (iii) densities of invasive species along distance gradients from initial locus of invasion. Invasive trees were found at higher densities than native species in recipient communities. Invasions by woody species were also recorded in communities with relatively low densities of natives suggesting that (i) low density forests may be more susceptible to invasion and/or (ii) density of the recipient community may be reduced during the invasion process. In addition, comparison of native species densities between invaded and uninvaded stands from the same community suggests that invasive trees negatively affect density of native trees once established. There- fore, the widely reported low density and often richness of native plants in invaded communities cannot be directly linked to ecosystem susceptibility to invasion without considering concomitant impacts. These findings suggest that density is a key preliminary determinant or factor which should be considered when assessing tree invasion dynamics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495507.v1
title: Interacting Domains in the Epithelial Sodium Channel that Mediate Proteolytic Activation

description: ABSTRACTEpithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) proteolysis at sites in the extracellular loop of the alpha and gamma subunits leads to marked activation. The mechanism of this effect remains debated, as well as the role of the N- and C-terminal fragments of these subunits created by cleavage. We introduced cysteines at sites bracketing upstream and downstream the cleavage regions in alpha and gamma ENaC to examine the role of these fragments in the activated channel. Using thiol modifying reagents, as well as examining the effects of cleavage by exogenous proteases we constructed a functional model that determines the potential interactions of the termini near the cleavage regions. We report that the N-terminal fragments of both alpha and gamma ENaC interact with the channel complex; with interactions between the N-terminal gamma and the C-terminal alpha fragments being the most critical to channel function and activation by exogenous cleavage by subtilisin. Positive charge modification at a.a.135 in the N-terminal fragment of gamma exhibited the largest inhibition of channel function. This region was found to interact with the C-terminal alpha fragment between a.a. 205 and 221; a tract which was previously identified to be the site of subtilisin's action. These data provide the first evidence for the functional channel rearrangement caused by proteolysis of the alpha and gamma subunit and indicate that the untethered N-terminal fragments of these subunits interact with the channel complex.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495503
title: A Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Discussion in Teleconference and Face-to-Face Scientific Peer Review Panels

description: This fileset contains the anonymized dataset for the BMJ Open article titled "A Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Discussion in Teleconference and Face-to-Face Scientific Peer Review Panels".
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v313
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495504.v1
title: A meta-analysis of the ecological significance of density in tree invasions

description: Species richness, resource availability, and disturbance are the primary factors considered in assessing the invasibil- ity of plant communities. Nonetheless, the density of individuals in a community is a common and easy trait to measure. The ecological significance of the density of both native and invasive tree species was assessed using a systematic review and formal meta-analysis. The densities of recipient communities and invasive exotic tree species in novel ranges were identified in the published literature. In addition, we compared by means of a meta-analysis: (i) densities of invasive versus native species in invaded communities; (ii) densities of native species in invaded versus uninvaded communities; and (iii) densities of invasive species along distance gradients from initial locus of invasion. Invasive trees were found at higher densities than native species in recipient communities. Invasions by woody species were also recorded in communities with relatively low densities of natives suggesting that (i) low density forests may be more susceptible to invasion and/or (ii) density of the recipient community may be reduced during the invasion process. In addition, comparison of native species densities between invaded and uninvaded stands from the same community suggests that invasive trees negatively affect density of native trees once established. There- fore, the widely reported low density and often richness of native plants in invaded communities cannot be directly linked to ecosystem susceptibility to invasion without considering concomitant impacts. These findings suggest that density is a key preliminary determinant or factor which should be considered when assessing tree invasion dynamics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495495
title: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Quinazolin-4(3<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives

description: A novel group of 6-iodoquinazolin-4(<i>3H</i>)-one derivatives was prepared starting from 6-iodo-2-ethoxy-4<i>H</i>-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one <b>(3)</b> via action of various nitrogen nucleophiles such as primary and secondary amines, hydrazine hydrate, and its derivatives. The 3-amino-2-hydrazinyl-6-iodoquinazolin-4(<i>3H</i>)-one <b>(15)</b> was used as a key starting material to prepare new heterocyclic compounds. The structures of all synthesized compounds were inferred from the infrared, mass spectral, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. The fungicidal activities of the target compounds were preliminarily evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v314
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v315
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495495.v4
title: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Quinazolin-4(3<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives

description: A novel group of 6-iodoquinazolin-4(<i>3H</i>)-one derivatives was prepared starting from 6-iodo-2-ethoxy-4<i>H</i>-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one <b>(3)</b> via action of various nitrogen nucleophiles such as primary and secondary amines, hydrazine hydrate, and its derivatives. The 3-amino-2-hydrazinyl-6-iodoquinazolin-4(<i>3H</i>)-one <b>(15)</b> was used as a key starting material to prepare new heterocyclic compounds. The structures of all synthesized compounds were inferred from the infrared, mass spectral, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. The fungicidal activities of the target compounds were preliminarily evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v316
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495472
title: CME front tracking comparison: event matching j-map plots.

description: These plots are time-elongation maps (J-maps) built from the STEREO Heliospheric Imager data (from HI1 and HI2). Overlaid on these J-maps are the time-elongation profiles of CMEs tracked by three different methods; Solar Stormwatch (blue squares), RAL-HI (pink triangles) and J-tracker (green dots). Above and to the right of each profile is a number identifying each event in their respective catalogues. These plots were used to generate a matched event list to enable the comparison of the time-elongation profiles. The resulting article is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015SW001280/full
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495495.v3
title: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Quinazolin-4(3<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives

description: A novel group of 6-iodoquinazolin-4(<i>3H</i>)-one derivatives was prepared starting from 6-iodo-2-ethoxy-4<i>H</i>-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one <b>(3)</b> via action of various nitrogen nucleophiles such as primary and secondary amines, hydrazine hydrate, and its derivatives. The 3-amino-2-hydrazinyl-6-iodoquinazolin-4(<i>3H</i>)-one <b>(15)</b> was used as a key starting material to prepare new heterocyclic compounds. The structures of all synthesized compounds were inferred from the infrared, mass spectral, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. The fungicidal activities of the target compounds were preliminarily evaluated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v317
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v318
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495351
title: Supplementary figures S1-S3

description: Supplementary Figure 1. Results of permutation tests of population differentiation between the sequences of viruses taken from different categories of host: (a) between arthropods and vertebrates, (b) between arthropods and plants and (c) between plants and vertebrates. Red lines show the degree of differentiation, measured using Hudson’s Fstestimator, and grey histograms show the Fst values from 1000 unique random permutations of host categories over viral sequences. We found significant differentiation between each pair of categories (Fst values: a=0.07, b=0.35, c=0.48) with none of the 1000 permutations resulting in as high an Fst value as the data (P&lt;0.001 for all). Supplementary Figure 2. Correlation of the evolutionary distances between rhabdovirueses and the evolutionary distances between their arthropod hosts. Figure shows the results of a permutation test of this relationship (measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficient). The red line shows the true correlation coefficient (0.36), and the grey histogram shows the correlation coefficients returned from 1000 unique random permutations of host genera over viral sequences (see Methods). We found a significant association between viral and host phylogenies with none of the 1000 permutations resulting in as strong a correlation as the data (P&lt;0.001). Supplementary Figure 3. Results of the permutation test of population differentiation between the sequences of viruses taken from land and aquatic arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Only arthropod and vertebrate hosts were included in the test, since aquatic hosts only included arthropods and vertebrates. The red line shows the true degree of differentiation, measured using Hudson’s Fstestimator, and the grey histogram shows the Fst values returned from 1000 unique random permutations of host categories over viral sequences. Viruses from terrestrial and aquatic hosts were found to have significant population differentiation (with only 7 of the 1000 permutations resulted in as high an Fst value as the data (Fst =0.07, P=0.007).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495350
title: Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs

description: The Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous, quadrupedal, armoured dinosaurs subdivided into at least two major clades, the Ankylosauridae and the Nodosauridae. The most derived members of Ankylosauridae had a unique tail club formed from modified, tightly interlocking distal caudal vertebrae and enlarged osteoderms that envelop the terminus of the tail. We review all known ankylosaurid species, as well as ankylosaurs of uncertain affinities, in order to conduct a revised phylogenetic analysis of the clade. The revised phylogenetic analysis resulted in a monophyletic Ankylosauridae consisting of <i>Ahshislepelta</i>, <i>Aletopelta</i>, <i>Gastonia</i>, <i>Gobisaurus</i>, <i>Liaoningosaurus</i>, <i>Shamosaurus</i> and a suite of derived ankylosaurids (Ankylosaurinae). There is convincing evidence for the presence of nodosaurids in Asia during the Early Cretaceous. In the mid Cretaceous, Asian nodosaurids were replaced by ankylosaurine ankylosaurids. Ankylosaurines migrated into North America from Asia between the Albian and Campanian, where they diversified into a clade of ankylosaurines, here named Ankylosaurini, characterized by arched snouts and numerous flat cranial caputegulae. There is no evidence for any ankylosaurids in Gondwana; Ankylosauridae appears to be completely restricted to Asia and North America. The genus <i>Crichtonpelta</i> gen. nov. is created, type species <i>Crichtonsaurus</i> <i>benxiensis</i> Lü <i>et al</i>. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE5B88A3-3353-4FB6-B9A2-FCF0F99770EB
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1512834.v319
title: Localized Protein Quantification of Blood Brain Barrier Vasculature in Brightfield IHC Images

description: In this paper, we present an objective method for locally quantifying proteins in blood brain barrier (BBB) vasculature using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and bright-field microscopy. Images from the hippocampal region at the BBB are acquired using bright-field microscopy and subjected to our immunohistochemistry quantification (IQ) algorithm which is designed to automatically identify and segment microvessels containing the protein glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Gabor filtering and k-means clustering are employed to isolate potential vascular structures within cryopsectioned slabs of the hippocampus, which are subsequently subjected to feature extraction followed by classification via decision forest. The false positive rate (FPR) of microvessel classification is characterized using synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data for image entropies ranging between 3 and 8 bits. The average FPR for synthetic and non-synthetic IHC image data was found to be 5.48% and 5.04%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1495350.v1
title: Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs

description: The Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous, quadrupedal, armoured dinosaurs subdivided into at least two major clades, the Ankylosauridae and the Nodosauridae. The most derived members of Ankylosauridae had a unique tail club formed from modified, tightly interlocking distal caudal vertebrae and enlarged osteoderms that envelop the terminus of the tail. We review all known ankylosaurid species, as well as ankylosaurs of uncertain affinities, in order to conduct a revised phylogenetic analysis of the clade. The revised phylogenetic analysis resulted in a monophyletic Ankylosauridae consisting of <i>Ahshislepelta</i>, <i>Aletopelta</i>, <i>Gastonia</i>, <i>Gobisaurus</i>, <i>Liaoningosaurus</i>, <i>Shamosaurus</i> and a suite of derived ankylosaurids (Ankylosaurinae). There is convincing evidence for the presence of nodosaurids in Asia during the Early Cretaceous. In the mid Cretaceous, Asian nodosaurids were replaced by ankylosaurine ankylosaurids. Ankylosaurines migrated into North America from Asia between the Albian and Campanian, where they diversified into a clade of ankylosaurines, here named Ankylosaurini, characterized by arched snouts and numerous flat cranial caputegulae. There is no evidence for any ankylosaurids in Gondwana; Ankylosauridae appears to be completely restricted to Asia and North America. The genus <i>Crichtonpelta</i> gen. nov. is created, type species <i>Crichtonsaurus</i> <i>benxiensis</i> Lü <i>et al</i>. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE5B88A3-3353-4FB6-B9A2-FCF0F99770EB