cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7508762.v1
title: Performance quantification of clustering algorithms for false positive removal in fMRI by ROC curves

description: Abstract Introduction Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that allows the detection of specific cerebral functions in humans based on hemodynamic changes. The contrast changes are about 5%, making visual inspection impossible. Thus, statistic strategies are applied to infer which brain region is engaged in a task. However, the traditional methods like general linear model and cross-correlation utilize voxel-wise calculation, introducing a lot of false-positive data. So, in this work we tested post-processing cluster algorithms to diminish the false-positives. Methods In this study, three clustering algorithms (the hierarchical cluster, k-means and self-organizing maps) were tested and compared for false-positive removal in the post-processing of cross-correlation analyses. Results Our results showed that the hierarchical cluster presented the best performance to remove the false positives in fMRI, being 2.3 times more accurate than k-means, and 1.9 times more accurate than self-organizing maps. Conclusion The hierarchical cluster presented the best performance in false-positive removal because it uses the inconsistency coefficient threshold, while k-means and self-organizing maps utilize a priori cluster number (centroids and neurons number); thus, the hierarchical cluster avoids clustering scattered voxels, as the inconsistency coefficient threshold allows only the voxels to be clustered that are at a minimum distance to some cluster.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513856.v1
title: Sodium chloride as a reference substance for the three growth endpoints used in the Lemna minor L. (1753) test

description: Abstract Lemna sp. growth inhibition test standardized protocols suggest the use of compounds such as 3,5-dichlorophenol as reference substances for checking the test organism’s sensitivity routinely. However, this and other recommended chemicals present risks to human health and to the environment. Sodium chloride (NaCl) appears as a less toxic alternative reference substance which has been successfully used in routine ecotoxicological tests. However, the evaluation of this compound in multiple growth endpoints used in the L. minor test, which is required for recommending it as a reference substance for this test organism, has not yet been reported. In the present study, NaCl was tested with L. minor for the growth endpoints frond number, total frond area and fresh weight. Results showed acceptable sensitivity and reproducibility (coefficient of variance &lt; 15.0%) for all three of the measured endpoints. Statistically significant differences were observed between the EC50 values calculated based on the three endpoints (p &lt; 0.05). Total frond area was the most sensitive one, with average EC50 value of 2742.80 ± 245.7 mg L-1. It was anticipated that NaCl can be a suitable alternative reference substance and that total frond area should be the endpoint of choice for sensitivity toxicity tests using NaCl.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7187216
title: Geophysical analysis of natural caves in iron lithotypes in the region of Mariana, Southeastern Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

description: Abstract In Brazil, natural caves in iron lithotypes have increasingly been discovered in iron mining areas and its surroundings. Mining companies attempt to study them according to the Federal Decree 6640/2008 and the Normative Instruction 2/2009 of the Ministry of the Environment, which is concerned with the preservation of the Brazilian Speleological Heritage. This research is within one of those studies in which a geophysical campaign methodology is established for an attempted prospection of caves, in an area located on the north flank of Mariana's Anticlinal, Quadrilátero Ferrífero. The flank, which is sustained by iron formations from the Itabira Group and covered by the product of alteration and sedimentary redistribution, experienced extensive and compressive tectonics, generating, respectively, the main structuration in the NW-SE direction and schist thrust slices from the Nova Lima Group. Caves are mainly developed in the lithological contacts and in fault zones. In the regional stage, the methodology uses aeromagnetometric (identification of iron lithotypes, structural and statistical analysis of magnetic lineaments) and aeroradiometric (structural-geological mapping and setting of lithological contacts) methods. Results have shown some caves in lateral contact zones between lithologies, and the structural control imposed by a shear zone in the area. At the local stage, the electrical resistivity method - EL was used, dipole-dipole array, data mathematical inversion, presentation of pseudo-depth sections and tridimensional modeling. The results, in accordance with the topographic data, show the possible limits of the geometric contour and the tendency for cave deepening. However, studies of the moisture, of similar caves with different spacings, and the use of Ground Penetration Radar - GPR are suggested.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7187216.v1
title: Geophysical analysis of natural caves in iron lithotypes in the region of Mariana, Southeastern Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

description: Abstract In Brazil, natural caves in iron lithotypes have increasingly been discovered in iron mining areas and its surroundings. Mining companies attempt to study them according to the Federal Decree 6640/2008 and the Normative Instruction 2/2009 of the Ministry of the Environment, which is concerned with the preservation of the Brazilian Speleological Heritage. This research is within one of those studies in which a geophysical campaign methodology is established for an attempted prospection of caves, in an area located on the north flank of Mariana's Anticlinal, Quadrilátero Ferrífero. The flank, which is sustained by iron formations from the Itabira Group and covered by the product of alteration and sedimentary redistribution, experienced extensive and compressive tectonics, generating, respectively, the main structuration in the NW-SE direction and schist thrust slices from the Nova Lima Group. Caves are mainly developed in the lithological contacts and in fault zones. In the regional stage, the methodology uses aeromagnetometric (identification of iron lithotypes, structural and statistical analysis of magnetic lineaments) and aeroradiometric (structural-geological mapping and setting of lithological contacts) methods. Results have shown some caves in lateral contact zones between lithologies, and the structural control imposed by a shear zone in the area. At the local stage, the electrical resistivity method - EL was used, dipole-dipole array, data mathematical inversion, presentation of pseudo-depth sections and tridimensional modeling. The results, in accordance with the topographic data, show the possible limits of the geometric contour and the tendency for cave deepening. However, studies of the moisture, of similar caves with different spacings, and the use of Ground Penetration Radar - GPR are suggested.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507781.v1
title: Conception, design and development of a low-cost intelligent prosthesis for one-sided transfemoral amputees

description: Introduction Modern transfemoral knee prostheses are designed to offer comfort and self-confidence to amputees. These prostheses are mainly based upon either a passive concept, with a damping system, or an active computational intelligent design to control knee motion during the swing phase. In Brazil, most lower extremity amputees are unable to afford modern prostheses due to their high cost. In this work, we present the conception, design and development of a low-cost intelligent prosthesis for one-sided transfemoral amputees. Methods The concept of the prosthesis is based on a control system with sensors for loads, which are installed on the amputee’s preserved leg and used as a mirror for the movement of the prosthesis. Mechanical strength analysis, using the Finite Element Method, electromechanical tests for the sensors and actuators and verification of data acquisition, signal conditioning and data transferring to the knee prosthesis were performed. Results The laboratory tests performed showed the feasibility of the proposed design. The electromechanical concept that was used enabled a controlled activation of the knee prosthesis by the two load cells located on the shoe sole of the preserved leg. Conclusions The electromechanical design concept and the resulting knee prosthesis show promising results concerning prosthesis activation during walking tests, thereby showing the feasibility of a reduced manufacturing cost compared to the modern prostheses available on the market.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516976
title: Palliative care and primary health care: Ethical considerations

description: Palliative Care (PC) is presented as a public health problem, due to the substantial increase in the number of elderly and the prevalence of non-communicable chronic degenerative diseases. The importance of the reorganization of Primary Health Care Services (PHCS) to ensure the provision of this care has become evident. The objective was to identify cases of users, in order to inventory the ethical problems that the team experienced. This is a case study based on a Qualitative approach, using thematic analysis. Two cases were identified, that revealed, as ethical problems, the “responsibility of the PHCS towards the caregivers and families” and the “difficulty of frank and honest communication between the team and the family”. The results indicate that the training of human resources with technical competence and the continuity of assistance in the transition from curative to palliative treatment are factors favorable to the integrality and the obtention of more adequate responses to the ethical challenges that the teams experienced.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516976.v1
title: Palliative care and primary health care: Ethical considerations

description: Palliative Care (PC) is presented as a public health problem, due to the substantial increase in the number of elderly and the prevalence of non-communicable chronic degenerative diseases. The importance of the reorganization of Primary Health Care Services (PHCS) to ensure the provision of this care has become evident. The objective was to identify cases of users, in order to inventory the ethical problems that the team experienced. This is a case study based on a Qualitative approach, using thematic analysis. Two cases were identified, that revealed, as ethical problems, the “responsibility of the PHCS towards the caregivers and families” and the “difficulty of frank and honest communication between the team and the family”. The results indicate that the training of human resources with technical competence and the continuity of assistance in the transition from curative to palliative treatment are factors favorable to the integrality and the obtention of more adequate responses to the ethical challenges that the teams experienced.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7451582
title: Access and coverage of Primary Health Care for rural and urban populations in the northern region of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Access inequities to the Unified Health System compromise the assurance of primary health care for rural populations and other groups in situations of vulnerability. A cross-sectional study that evaluated users' access and coverage of Family Health Teams (FHT) from the seven states of the Northern region of Brazil and that joined the external evaluation of the second cycle of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). The PMAQ-AB data were related to demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators, using the Spearman correlation coefficient. For the region as a whole, the assistance coverage of teams based in rural, urban and urban areas that declared covering rural populations was 83.3%. Coverages between 90-100% were found for Acre, Amapá, Roraima and Tocantins. Lower percentages were found in Pará (50.5%) and Amazonas (60.5%). The coverage extension hides geographical access barriers related to the concentration of Family Health Strategy teams in urban areas, a situation that involves 451 (25.3%) units and 494 (22.9%) teams in charge of serving rural populations, but which act in urban area, adding barriers to the arrival of users to the units. Difficulties in welcoming spontaneous demand, appointment scheduling and availability of transportation for care were also reported.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7451582.v1
title: Access and coverage of Primary Health Care for rural and urban populations in the northern region of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Access inequities to the Unified Health System compromise the assurance of primary health care for rural populations and other groups in situations of vulnerability. A cross-sectional study that evaluated users' access and coverage of Family Health Teams (FHT) from the seven states of the Northern region of Brazil and that joined the external evaluation of the second cycle of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). The PMAQ-AB data were related to demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators, using the Spearman correlation coefficient. For the region as a whole, the assistance coverage of teams based in rural, urban and urban areas that declared covering rural populations was 83.3%. Coverages between 90-100% were found for Acre, Amapá, Roraima and Tocantins. Lower percentages were found in Pará (50.5%) and Amazonas (60.5%). The coverage extension hides geographical access barriers related to the concentration of Family Health Strategy teams in urban areas, a situation that involves 451 (25.3%) units and 494 (22.9%) teams in charge of serving rural populations, but which act in urban area, adding barriers to the arrival of users to the units. Difficulties in welcoming spontaneous demand, appointment scheduling and availability of transportation for care were also reported.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8092103
title: Electoral discourses for governmental health policies in the two most populous cities in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT What would the types of electoral speeches be for the health sector registered by applications to municipal governments? To investigate this issue, a qualitative study was carried out with a hermeneutical analysis of electoral program documents, registered by majority candidates in the first round of the municipal elections of 2016 in the Brazilian metropolises of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ). In most of the speeches there was no description of specific institutional strategies for health, much less its terms of viability and feasibility. Four distinct discursive profiles were emphasized, in which the propositions for health policies were either reduced to the managerial aspect or subsumed by discursive commonplaces. Contextually, there was an emphasis on normative discourses and performative appeals, without consubstantiation in practical discourses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8092103.v1
title: Electoral discourses for governmental health policies in the two most populous cities in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT What would the types of electoral speeches be for the health sector registered by applications to municipal governments? To investigate this issue, a qualitative study was carried out with a hermeneutical analysis of electoral program documents, registered by majority candidates in the first round of the municipal elections of 2016 in the Brazilian metropolises of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ). In most of the speeches there was no description of specific institutional strategies for health, much less its terms of viability and feasibility. Four distinct discursive profiles were emphasized, in which the propositions for health policies were either reduced to the managerial aspect or subsumed by discursive commonplaces. Contextually, there was an emphasis on normative discourses and performative appeals, without consubstantiation in practical discourses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10026203
title: TEMPORAL STABILITY OF TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON OF SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT USES IN THE CAATINGA BIOME

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the temporal stability of total organic carbon (TOC) of soils under different uses in areas with Caatinga vegetation. The experiment was conducted in an experimental farm that encompasses a watershed in the Curu River Valley, in Pentecoste, state of Ceara, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in two areas with Caatinga vegetation under different uses-one with a 35-year preserved area (CP35) and one with a 30-year pasture area (CR30)-and the sampling points were distributed using a 30×30 m uniform grid. Soil samples of the 0-0.2 m layer were collected between February 2016 and April 2017 to determine TOC; and nonparametric Spearman's correlation, mean relative difference (MRD), and temporal stability index (TSI) tests were applied to evaluate TOC stability. The Spearman's test showed a higher correlation between collection dates for CR30 than for CP35. The DRM showed more points with relative differences approaching zero for CP35, and more points with lower standard deviation for CR30. The TSI indicated a greater number of points to be used for CR30 because they have better temporal stability. Therefore, the TOC of the CR30 has better temporal stability than that of the CP35, presenting TSI of approximately 1.5-fold that of the CP35. The thinning of the vegetation in CR30 homogenized the soil TOC, whereas the fallow area, which were preserved, had greater heterogeneity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861802
title: Effect of spineless-cactus mucilage on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein

description: SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the levels of spineless-cactus mucilage on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of five levels of spineless-cactus mucilage (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40%) and three substrates (carboxymethylcellulose, starch, and trypticase). Treatments were evaluated in a ruminal environment simulated by in vitro incubation at different times of assessment: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The incubation procedure was repeated three times, totaling three evaluations per incubation time for each treatment. There was an interaction (P&lt;0.05) between the mucilage levels and substrate for all evaluated ruminal parameters, except for the concentration of microbial protein after 48 h of fermentation and for the proportions of acetate and butyrate fermentation at time 0 h. There was a quadratic increase (P&lt;0.05) in the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen after 48 h of incubation in the media containing carboxymethylcellulose and trypticase. pH values decreased quadratically (P&lt;0.05) as a function of the mucilage levels in the media containing carboxymethylcellulose and trypticase. Overall, no expressive alterations were observed between the individual molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate with the addition of spineless-cactus mucilage levels to the different substrates. Spineless- cactus mucilage affects the pattern of fermentation of starch, cellulase, and protein performed by rumen microorganisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7367975
title: Dialogical elements in Harris, Dewey, Cutter, Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan: Theoretical convergences in the history of Knowledge Organization

description: Abstract In this paper, we study the theoretical intersections and dialogues between some foundational authors on classification and indexing of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that helped developing the theoretical-methodological framework of knowledge organization. More specifically, we highlight and analyze the theoretical convergences of Harris, Dewey, Cutter, Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan as they can provide a clearer picture of the historical and theoretical contributions to the epistemological foundations of knowledge organization. Our methodology follows a critical-descriptive approach to the analysis of the main contributions of the authors and the critical reflections of some specialists and biographers. We continue with a discussion of the links between bibliographic classifications and knowledge organization drawing on the ideas of Bliss; then, we divide our historical narrative between the theoretical contributions during the nineteenth-century (Harris, Dewey, and Cutter) and the twentieth century (Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan); and finally, we present a discussion of the history of knowledge organization from the point of view of the theoretical and methodological development of classification and indexing at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. We conclude with some remarks on their main contributions to the development of the knowledge organization field.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861802.v1
title: Effect of spineless-cactus mucilage on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein

description: SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the levels of spineless-cactus mucilage on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of five levels of spineless-cactus mucilage (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40%) and three substrates (carboxymethylcellulose, starch, and trypticase). Treatments were evaluated in a ruminal environment simulated by in vitro incubation at different times of assessment: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The incubation procedure was repeated three times, totaling three evaluations per incubation time for each treatment. There was an interaction (P&lt;0.05) between the mucilage levels and substrate for all evaluated ruminal parameters, except for the concentration of microbial protein after 48 h of fermentation and for the proportions of acetate and butyrate fermentation at time 0 h. There was a quadratic increase (P&lt;0.05) in the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen after 48 h of incubation in the media containing carboxymethylcellulose and trypticase. pH values decreased quadratically (P&lt;0.05) as a function of the mucilage levels in the media containing carboxymethylcellulose and trypticase. Overall, no expressive alterations were observed between the individual molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate with the addition of spineless-cactus mucilage levels to the different substrates. Spineless- cactus mucilage affects the pattern of fermentation of starch, cellulase, and protein performed by rumen microorganisms.