cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.xg5tmy
title: A Seamless Approach for Evaluating Climate Models Across Spatial Scales

description: In regions of the world where topography varies significantly with distance, most global climate models have spatial resolutions that are too coarse to accurately simulate key meteorological variables that are influenced by topography, such as clouds, precipitation, and surface temperatures. One approach to tackle this challenge is to run climate models of sufficiently high resolution in those topographically complex regions. For instance, the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SM v2) has a spatial resolution of approximately 25 km in a regionally refined area covering much of North America. This subset of E3SM is known as the North American Regionally Refined Model (NARRM). Although such high resolution simulations are expected to provide unprecedented details of atmospheric processes, running models at such high resolutions remains computationally expensive compared to lower resolution models such as the E3SM Low Resolution (LR). Moreover, because regionally refined and high-resolution GCMs are relatively new, there are a very limited number of observational datasets and frameworks available for evaluating climate models with regionally varying spatial resolutions. As such, we developed a new framework to quantify the added value of high spatial resolution in simulating precipitation over the contiguous United States (CONUS). To determine its viability, we applied the framework to two model simulations and an observational dataset, all of which have different spatial resolutions. We first remapped all the data into Hierarchical Equal-Area Iso-Latitude Pixelization (HEALPix) pixels. HEALPix offers several mathematical properties that enable seamless evaluation of climate models across different spatial resolutions including its equal-area and partitioning properties. The remapped HEALPix-based data are used to show how the spatial variability of both observed and simulated precipitation changes with resolution increases. This study provides valuable insights into the requirements for achieving realistic and accurate simulations of precipitation patterns over the CONUS. It highlights the importance of allocating sufficient computational resources to run climate models at higher temporal and spatial resolutions Chang et al. 2023 in order to capture spatial patterns effectively. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of the HEALPix framework in evaluating precipitation simulations across different spatial resolutions. This framework offers a viable approach for comparing observed and simulated data when dealing with datasets of varying spatial resolutions. By employing this framework, researchers can extend its usage to other climate variables, datasets, and disciplines that require comparing datasets with different spatial resolutions.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.uiiruc
title: Detection of HCN and diverse redox chemistry in the plume of Enceladus

description: The Cassini spacecraft observed that Saturn’s moon Enceladus possesses a series of jets erupting from its South Polar Terrain. Previous studies of in situ data collected by Cassini’s Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) have identified H2O, CO2, CH4, NH3, and H2 within the plume of ejected material. Identification of minor species in the plume remains an ongoing challenge, owing to the large number of possible combinations that can be used to fit the INMS data. Here, we present the detection of several new compounds of strong importance to the habitability of Enceladus, including HCN, C2H2, C3H6, and C2H6. Our analyses of the low velocity INMS data, coupled with our detailed statistical framework, enable discrimination between previously ambiguous species in the plume by alleviating the effects of high dimensional model fitting. Together with plausible mineralogical catalysts and redox gradients derived from surface radiolysis, these compounds could potentially support extant microbial communities or drive complex organic synthesis leading to the origin of life.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.zwqmja
title: A New Stellar Companion to GJ 835

description: We present the discovery of a new stellar companion to GJ 835, detected using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument on the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope and the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5-meter telescope at Apache Point Observatory. This new companion joins a known companion in the system, making the system triple. Using 2MASS and Gaia data, as well as our observed properties, we estimate projected separations and spectral types for the three components in the system.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.i1ratd
title: End-to-end numerical modeling of the Roman Space Telescope coronagraph

description: The Roman Space Telescope will have the first advanced coronagraph in space, with deformable mirrors for wavefront control, low-order wavefront sensing and maintenance, and a photon-counting detector. It is expected to be able to detect and characterize mature, giant exoplanets in reflected visible light. Over the past decade the performance of the coronagraph in its flight environment has been simulated with increasingly detailed diffraction and structural/thermal finite element modeling. With the instrument now being integrated in preparation for launch within the next few years, the present state of the end-to-end modeling is described, including the incorporation of the measured flight components such as deformable mirrors. The coronagraphic modes are thoroughly described, including characteristics most readily derived from modeling. The methods for diffraction propagation, wavefront control, and structural and thermal finite-element modeling are detailed. The techniques and procedures developed for the instrument will serve as a foundation for future coronagraphic missions such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.oqdanb
title: Elucidating Failure Mechanisms in Li-ion Batteries Operating at 100 °C

description: Rechargeable batteries that function at temperatures as high as 100 °C are desired for drilling instruments, autoclavable medical electronics, and space exploration. However, at 100 °C and beyond, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit rapid capacity fade that prevent their use in many applications. Here, an in-depth study of the failure mechanisms was undertaken for LIBs operating at 100 °C containing graphite anodes, LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC111) cathodes, and organic electrolytes containing lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) salts. Electrochemical methods including differential analyses (dV/dQ) of galvanostatic cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization (LP) revealed that capacity loss was caused by a loss of lithium inventory in the cell due to film-forming reactions that siphon capacity. We hypothesized that capacity fade results from continual degradation and reformation of the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), causing low coulombic efficiencies and poor cycle life. Crucially, electrode replacement of either the graphite or NMC111 with lithiated electrodes enabled full capacity recovery after high-temperature cycling, revealing that the electrode materials themselves were not inherently unsuitable for use at 100 °C. Overall, this study identifies the failure mechanisms of LIBs cycling at 100 °C, which are expected to guide the development of electrolyte formulations that improve electrode interphase stability and hence the performance of LIBs operating as high as 100 °C.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24302665
title: DEM_Europe_200000m_InputDEM.tif

description: This file is the cut raster-based DSM of Europe 100km from the weather station of Heino
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24302665.v1
title: DEM_Europe_200000m_InputDEM.tif

description: This file is the cut raster-based DSM of Europe 100km from the weather station of Heino
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.f5mea9
title: Global mapping of microwave penetration depths in arid areas using GMI observations

description: Passive microwave observations are used daily in data assimilation scheme but also to provide long term monitoring of the Earth on a global scale. Over arid areas the lack of modelisation of the penetration depth phenomenon causes large uncertainties in the modelisation of brightness temperatures. This also causes large errors in retrievals of land surface temperature from microwaves compared to the ones derived from infrared observations. Using the non sun synchronous observations of the Global Precipitation Mission Microwave Imager, the diurnal cycle of brightness temperature is reconstructed allowing a precise estimation of the microwave effective emitting depth. The emitting depth is estimated to be up to 25 cm at 36~GHz resulting in large differences between the surface temperature and the effective temperature of the observations. A model of the variation of emitting depth with frequency is used to create a map of parameters describing the penetration depth for arid areas between 10 and 90 GHz globally. This can be used to estimate a correction based solely on the provided parameters and the surface temperature to improve simulation of microwave brightness temperatures.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.p8gnhi
title: Development and assessment of a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) for online astronomy majors

description: Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) have been shown to provide students with a variety of learning benefits including better conceptual understanding, improved critical thinking and data literacy skills, and increased interest in pursuing scientific careers. Additionally, CUREs provide students opportunities to participate in authentic research experiences that have a broader impact outside of the classroom. Despite the numerous benefits, the field of astronomy has lagged behind disciplines like biology and chemistry when it comes to including CUREs in curriculum. Not limited to astronomy, however, is the lack of research opportunities and courses offered to students enrolled in undergraduate degree programs online. Arizona State University (ASU) is a leader in online education and, in the Fall of 2020, introduced the nation’s first online Bachelor’s degree program in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences (APS). To make research accessible to a more diverse population of learners, it is imperative that students in this program have access to the same opportunities to participate in authentic research as those in the parallel in-person program. In this work, we describe the development, implementation, and assessment of a fully online CURE for astronomy majors as part of the APS program. We conduct a mixed methods analysis consisting of a Likert-style survey administered pre- and post-course as well as student interviews at the conclusion of the semester. Survey results from the course’s first two offerings (N = 24) indicated that students’ research self-efficacy and science identity both improved. An exoplanet-specific multiple-choice assessment (N = 26) showed statistically significant improvements in conceptual understanding post-course. Additionally, student interviews (N = 11) responses relayed that students felt a stronger sense of belonging to both ASU and the larger astronomy community after participation in the course. The results from this study are encouraging and suggest that student participation in this online CURE led to similar improvements across a variety of outcomes previously identified in studies of in-person CUREs spanning multiple disciplines.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.zlkpvt
title: JWST reveals excess cool water near the snowline in compact disks, consistent with pebble drift

description: Previous analyses of mid-infrared water spectra from young protoplanetary disks observed with the Spitzer-IRS found an anti-correlation between water luminosity and the millimeter dust disk radius observed with ALMA. This trend was suggested to be evidence for a fundamental process of inner disk water enrichment, used to explain properties of the Solar System 40 years ago, in which icy pebbles drift inward from the outer disk and sublimate after crossing the snowline. Previous analyses of IRS water spectra, however, were very uncertain due to the low spectral resolution that blended lines together. We present new JWST-MIRI spectra of four disks, two compact and two large with multiple radial gaps, selected to test the scenario that water vapor inside the snowline is regulated by pebble drift. The higher spectral resolving power of MIRI-MRS now yields water spectra that separate individual lines, tracing upper level energies from 900 K to 10,000 K. These spectra clearly reveal excess emission in the low-energy lines in compact disks, compared to the large disks, establishing the presence of a cooler component with T ≈ 170–400 K and equivalent emitting radius Req ≈ 1-10 au. We interpret the cool water emission as ice sublimation and vapor diffusion near the snowline, suggesting that there is indeed a higher inwards mass flux of icy pebbles in compact disks. Observation of this process opens up multiple exciting prospects to study planet formation chemistry in inner disks with JWST.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.nud269
title: Chemical tracers of a highly eccentric binary orbit

description: Binary interactions have been proposed to explain a variety of circumstellar structures seen around evolved stars, including asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and planetary nebulae. Studies resolving the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars have revealed spirals, discs and bipolar outflows, with shaping attributed to interactions with a com- panion. For the first time, we have used a combined chemical and dynamical analysis to reveal a highly eccentric and long-period orbit for W Aquilae, a binary system containing an AGB star and a main sequence companion. Our results are based on anisotropic SiN emission, the first detections of NS and SiC towards an S-type star, and density structures observed in the CO emission. These features are all interpreted as having formed during periastron interactions. Our astrochemistry-based method can yield stringent constraints on the orbital parameters of long-period binaries containing AGB stars, and will be applicable to other systems.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.rdvj4y
title: Turbulent Structure In Supernova Remnants G46.80.3 And G39.20.3 From THOR Polarimetry

description: We present the continued analysis of polarization nd Faraday rotation for the supernova remnants (SNRs) G46.80.3 and G39.20.3 in L-band (1-2 GHz) radio continuum in The HI/OH/Recombination line (THOR) survey. In this work, we present our investigation of Faraday depth fluctuations from angular scales comparable to the size of the SNRs down to scales less than our 1600 beam (. 0:7 pc) from Faraday disp 2 22 in localized regions where we detect no polarization in THOR. We combine Faraday depth dispersion with the rotation measure (RM) structure function (SF) and and evidence for a break in the SF on scales less than the THOR beam. We estimate the RM SF of the foreground interstellar medium (ISM) using the SF of extra-Galactic radio sources (EGRS) and pulsars to find that the RM fluctuations we measure originate within the SNRs for all but the largest angular scales.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.uziu00
title: Seasonally Varying Outgassing as an Explanation for Dark Comet Accelerations

description: Significant nonradial nongravitational accelerations whose magnitudes are incompatible with 13 radiation-driven effects have been reported in seven photometrically inactive near-Earth objects. Two 14 of these objects exhibit large transverse accelerations, and six exhibit significant out-of-plane accel15 erations. Here we find that anisotropic outgassing resulting from differential heating on a nucleus 16 with nonzero obliquity, averaged over an eccentric orbit, can explain these nonradial nongravitational 17 accelerations for most of these objects. Our model depends on three parameters — the spin pole direc18 tion and an acceleration magnitude. For these “dark comets” (excepting 2006 RH120 and 2003 RM), 19 we obtain parameter values which reproduce the observed nongravitational accelerations. We derive 20 formulae for the component accelerations under certain assumptions for the acceleration scaling over 21 heliocentric distance. While we lack estimates of these objects’ spin axes to confirm our values, this 22 mechanism explains the accelerations and produces accurate perturbations to the heliocentric motions 23 of most of these objects, and may be responsible for their nongravitational accelerations.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.emc6qn
title: Cold Atomic gas identified by Hi self-absorption I. Cold atomic clouds toward giant molecular filaments

description: Context. Stars form in the dense interiors of molecular clouds. The dynamics and physical properties of the atomic interstellar medium (ISM) set the conditions under which molecular clouds and eventually stars will form. It is therefore critical to investigate the relationship between the atomic and molecular gas phase to understand the global star formation process. Aims. Using the high angular resolution data from The Hi/OH/Recombination line survey of the Milky Way (THOR), we aim to constrain the kinematic and physical properties of the cold atomic hydrogen gas phase toward the inner Galactic plane. Methods. Hi self-absorption (HISA) has proven to be a viable method to detect cold atomic (CoAt) hydrogen clouds in the Galactic plane. With the help of a newly developed self-absorption extraction routine (astroSaber), we extend upon previous case studies to identify Hi self-absorption toward a sample of Giant Molecular Filaments (GMFs). Results. We find the CoAt gas to be spatially correlated with the molecular gas on a global scale. The column densities of the CoAt gas traced by HISA are usually of the order of 1020 cm􀀀2 whereas those of molecular hydrogen traced by 13CO are at least an order of magnitude higher. The HISA column densities are attributed to a cold gas component that accounts for a fraction of 5% of the total atomic gas budget within the clouds. Their distributions show pronounced log-normal shapes and clearly bridge the gap between the diffuse atomic interstellar medium as traced by Hi emission and the molecular gas. The CoAt gas is found to be moderately supersonic with Mach numbers of a few, while the molecular gas within the majority of the filaments is driven by highly supersonic dynamics. Conclusions. While Hi self-absorption is likely to trace just a small fraction of the total cold neutral medium within a cloud, probing the cold atomic ISM by the means of self-absorption significantly improves our understanding of the dynamical and physical interaction between the atomic and molecular gas phase during cloud formation.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.u6sgr4
title: Bimolecular Reaction of Methyl-Ethyl Substituted Criegee Intermediate with SO2

description: Methyl ethyl substituted Criegee intermediate (MECI) is a four-carbon carbonyl oxide that is formed in the ozonolysis of some asymmetric alkenes. MECI is structurally similar to the isoprene-derived methyl vinyl ketone oxide (MVK-oxide), but lacks resonance stabilization, making it a promising candidate to help us unravel the effects of size, structure, and resonance stabilization that influence the reactivity of atmospherically important, highly functionalized Criegee intermediates. We present experimental and theoretical results from the first bimolecular study of MECI, in its reaction with SO2 – a reaction that shows significant sensitivity to Criegee intermediate structure. Using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry, we obtain a rate coefficient of (1.3 ± 0.3) × 10-10 cm3 s-1 (95% confidence limits, 298 K, 10 Torr) and demonstrate the formation of SO3 under our experimental conditions. Through high-level theory, we explore the effect of Criegee intermediate structure on their minimum energy pathways for their reactions with SO2, and obtain modified Arrhenius fits to our predictions for the reaction of both syn- and anti-conformers of MECI with SO2 ( ksyn= 4.42×1011 T-7.80exp(-1401/T) cm3 s-1 and kanti= 1.26×1011 T-7.55exp(-1397/T) cm3 s-1). Our experimental and theoretical rate coefficients (which are in reasonable agreement at 298 K), show that the reaction of MECI with SO2 is significantly faster than MVK-oxide + SO2, demonstrating the substantial effect of resonance stabilization on Criegee intermediate reactivity.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8436799
title: marsdenia_floribunda_spades_01.fasta.gz

description: .
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8436798
title: marsdenia_floribunda_spades_01.fasta.gz

description: .
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8436685
title: GLORY - Input and Output Data

description: This is the input and output dataset for the study "Representing reservoir water storage in the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)".
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8436684
title: GLORY - Input and Output Data

description: This is the input and output dataset for the study "Representing reservoir water storage in the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)".
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7573885
title: Supraglacial hydrology extent and depth estimates for Greenland ice sheet from 2013 through 2022.

description: We present a first decadal scale study of supraglacial extent and volume across the entire Greenland Ice Sheet. We adapted and validated a random forest algorithm (RF) to classify superglacial hydrology (SGH) using the optical sensors Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8. We used a radiative transfer model to quantify the depth of SGH features to estimate the volume of surface water which exists on the Greenland Ice Sheet on a monthly and yearly scale from 2013 through 2022. We find strong seasonal trends in SGH behaviour, with melt beginning in May, peaking in July/August, and refreezing occurring in September in each year. We find significant variability in the extent and volume of SGH features between melt seasons, and although the inter-annular trend suggests SGH is becoming more widespread with a greater volume of water, a study of longer duration is needed to fully determine<br> inter-annular trends of SGH on the ice sheet.
description: This work was supported by the European Space Agency Polar+ 4D Greenland project (contract no. 4000132139/20/I-EF), 4D Antarctica project (contract no. 5 4000128611/19/IDT) , a UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council PhD award, and the UK Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7573884
title: Supraglacial hydrology extent and depth estimates for Greenland ice sheet from 2013 through 2022.

description: We present a first decadal scale study of supraglacial extent and volume across the entire Greenland Ice Sheet. We adapted and validated a random forest algorithm (RF) to classify superglacial hydrology (SGH) using the optical sensors Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8. We used a radiative transfer model to quantify the depth of SGH features to estimate the volume of surface water which exists on the Greenland Ice Sheet on a monthly and yearly scale from 2013 through 2022. We find strong seasonal trends in SGH behaviour, with melt beginning in May, peaking in July/August, and refreezing occurring in September in each year. We find significant variability in the extent and volume of SGH features between melt seasons, and although the inter-annular trend suggests SGH is becoming more widespread with a greater volume of water, a study of longer duration is needed to fully determine<br> inter-annular trends of SGH on the ice sheet.
description: This work was supported by the European Space Agency Polar+ 4D Greenland project (contract no. 4000132139/20/I-EF), 4D Antarctica project (contract no. 5 4000128611/19/IDT) , a UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council PhD award, and the UK Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling.