cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502838
title: Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanostructures and their visible-light photocatalytic performance

description: Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanostructures were prepared in an ionic liquid (1-methyl-3-butyl imidazole bromide, [BMIM]Br)–water solvent mixture through a hydrothermal process. The effect of ionic liquid on the morphology, optical and photocatalytic properties of the products was investigated. By slightly adjusting the amount of [BMIM]Br, Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanoparticles, nanorods and raft-like ones with different crystallinities, surface areas and bandgap energies could be obtained. In these three kinds of morphologies, Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanorods with average diameter of 20–30 nm and length of 100–270 nm demonstrate the highest photocatalytic performance for its degradation of methylene orange under visible-light irradiation. The results suggest that the presence of ionic liquid in the synthetic system plays a key role in tuning the phase composition, the shape, size and purity of Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> powders, and hence affects their morphology-associated optical adsorption ability and photocatalytic activity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502838.v1
title: Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanostructures and their visible-light photocatalytic performance

description: Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanostructures were prepared in an ionic liquid (1-methyl-3-butyl imidazole bromide, [BMIM]Br)–water solvent mixture through a hydrothermal process. The effect of ionic liquid on the morphology, optical and photocatalytic properties of the products was investigated. By slightly adjusting the amount of [BMIM]Br, Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanoparticles, nanorods and raft-like ones with different crystallinities, surface areas and bandgap energies could be obtained. In these three kinds of morphologies, Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> nanorods with average diameter of 20–30 nm and length of 100–270 nm demonstrate the highest photocatalytic performance for its degradation of methylene orange under visible-light irradiation. The results suggest that the presence of ionic liquid in the synthetic system plays a key role in tuning the phase composition, the shape, size and purity of Bi<sub>12</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub> powders, and hence affects their morphology-associated optical adsorption ability and photocatalytic activity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808
title: An Industry Experiment on the Effects of Test-driven Development on External Quality and Productivity

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v1
title: TDDExperiment

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v2
title: TDDExperiment

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v3
title: TDDExperiment

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v4
title: TDDExperiment

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v5
title: TDDExperiment

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v6
title: TDDExperiment

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502808.v7
title: An Industry Experiment on the Effects of Test-driven Development on External Quality and Productivity

description: This package includes:- the tasks used during the study- the acceptance test to measure the relevant metrics
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502805
title: Supplementary Material for: Systemic Therapy of Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer - Current Evidence and Future Concepts

description: Systemic therapy of metastatic breast cancer may include chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapies (e.g., antibody-based approaches). These agents may be employed alone or in combination based on the patient’s breast cancer subtype. Therefore, characterization of the disease phenotype is necessary and may include biopsy of the metastatic site. Novel therapeutic approaches include immunologic therapies, PARP inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, and CDK4/6 inhibitors, which are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502805.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Systemic Therapy of Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer - Current Evidence and Future Concepts

description: Systemic therapy of metastatic breast cancer may include chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapies (e.g., antibody-based approaches). These agents may be employed alone or in combination based on the patient’s breast cancer subtype. Therefore, characterization of the disease phenotype is necessary and may include biopsy of the metastatic site. Novel therapeutic approaches include immunologic therapies, PARP inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, and CDK4/6 inhibitors, which are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502802
title: Historical land use/land cover maps for India (1956-2010)

description: Annual land use/land cover maps for the Indian subcontinent between 1956-2010 at 5 arcminute by 5 arcminute spatial resolution. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502802.v1
title: India_LULCC_dataset_1956-2010.tar.gz

description: Annual land use/land cover maps for the Indian subcontinent between 1956-2010 at 5 arcminute by 5 arcminute spatial resolution. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502799
title: A unified strategy in selection of the best allometric scaling methods to predict human clearance based on drug disposition pathway

description: 1. It is critical to develop a unified strategy to select the best allometric scaling (AS) method for a given group of drugs. 2. A total of 446 drugs with known human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i>, clear disposition pathway and animal (rat, dog, monkey) <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i> were analyzed. All drugs were stratified based on their disposition pathway, liver extraction ratio (<i>ER<sub>H</sub></i>) and ratios of unbound clearance to renal glomerular filtration rate (<i>R<sub>GFR</sub></i>). Up to 22 AS methods were applied and compared in prediction of human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i> to each group of drugs. 3. AS methods that give the best prediction of human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i>, were identified for drugs primarily eliminated through liver with a fraction of renal elimination (<i>f<sub>renal</sub></i>) within 0.3–0.5 or <i>ER<sub>H</sub></i> &gt; 0.3, where human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i> of more than 80% or 90% drugs could be accurately (within 2- or 3-fold error) predicted. For drugs with <i>ER<sub>H</sub></i> TS<sub>R,D</sub> resulting more than 60% or 75% drugs were predicted within 2- or 3-fold error. 4. By stratified analysis of drugs, according to their disposition pathway and organ extraction ratio, a unified strategy was developed to select the best AS method in prediction of human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502799.v1
title: A unified strategy in selection of the best allometric scaling methods to predict human clearance based on drug disposition pathway

description: 1. It is critical to develop a unified strategy to select the best allometric scaling (AS) method for a given group of drugs. 2. A total of 446 drugs with known human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i>, clear disposition pathway and animal (rat, dog, monkey) <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i> were analyzed. All drugs were stratified based on their disposition pathway, liver extraction ratio (<i>ER<sub>H</sub></i>) and ratios of unbound clearance to renal glomerular filtration rate (<i>R<sub>GFR</sub></i>). Up to 22 AS methods were applied and compared in prediction of human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i> to each group of drugs. 3. AS methods that give the best prediction of human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i>, were identified for drugs primarily eliminated through liver with a fraction of renal elimination (<i>f<sub>renal</sub></i>) within 0.3–0.5 or <i>ER<sub>H</sub></i> &gt; 0.3, where human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i> of more than 80% or 90% drugs could be accurately (within 2- or 3-fold error) predicted. For drugs with <i>ER<sub>H</sub></i> TS<sub>R,D</sub> resulting more than 60% or 75% drugs were predicted within 2- or 3-fold error. 4. By stratified analysis of drugs, according to their disposition pathway and organ extraction ratio, a unified strategy was developed to select the best AS method in prediction of human <i>CL<sub>iv</sub></i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502766
title: Paris-area Assignee Benchmark

description: The manual disambiguation of EPO/PCT assignees in the Paris area, used as one of the benchmarks in the paper. In all columns, if more than one ID is found, the elements are comma separated. 5 columns, 18877 rows, "|" delimited; the columns are:--Pub_number: the publication number of the patent--ManualIDs: The manually disambiguated IDs of each inventor on the patent. Each ID has the following structure: (1) a leading character of "r", indicating within-region, or "e", indicating an external collaborator; (2) a number with specific meaning; (3) an "\_"; and (4) a manual classification of the type of institution. The institution can have the values "university", "hospital", "company", "lab", and "other".--OurIDs: the output of our algorithm on this patent. --HanIDs: The HAN IDs for this patent. --RawNames: the undisambiguated names on the patent, with case, punctuation, and spacing dropped. Note that there is no correspondence between the boston-area IDs and the paris-area IDs. Do not attempt to mix the two disambiguations together as incorrect ID-clashes are possible.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502757
title: Boston-area Assignee Benchmark

description: The manual disambiguation of EPO/PCT assignees in the Boston area, used as one of the benchmarks in the paper. In all columns, if more than one ID is found, the elements are comma separated. 5 columns, 22528 rows, "|" delimited; the columns are--Pub\_number: the publication number of the patent--ManualIDs: The manually disambiguated IDs of each inventor on the patent. Each ID has the following structure: (1) a leading character of "r", indicating within-region, or "e", indicating an external collaborator; (2) a number with no specific meaning; (3) an "\_"; and (4) a manual classification of the type of institution. The institution can have the values "university", "hospital", "company", "lab", and "other".--OurIDs: the output of our algorithm on this patent. --HanIDs: The HAN IDs for this patent. --RawNames: the undisambiguated names on the patent, with case, punctuation, and spacing dropped. Note that there is no correspondence between the boston-area IDs and the paris-area IDs. Do not attempt to mix the two disambiguations together as incorrect ID-clashes are possible.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502754
title: Harvard Inventors Benchmark

description: The manual Harvard disambiguation used as one of the benchmarks in the paper. In all columns, if more than one ID is found, the elements are comma separated. 6 columns, 587 rows, "|" delimited; the columns are:--Pub\_number: the publication number of the patent--ManualIDs: The manually disambiguated IDs of each inventor on the patent. --OurIDs: the output of our algorithm on this patent. --LiLow: The "low" disambiguation of Li et. al. on this patent. --LiHigh: the "high" disambiguation of Li et. al. on this patent. --RawNames: the undisambiguated names on the patent, with case and punctuation dropped. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502751
title: Triadic Patent Families

description: A linking between all EPO, USPTO, and PCT patents and the triadic families indicated by the OECD data. Two columns, 3.2M lines, "|" delimited; the columns are--Pub_number: the patent's publication number--Triadic_Family: the triadic family in which the patent is included.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502745
title: IPC-Field Correspondence

description: A linking between IPCs and coarse Sector and Field data, as defined in the Schmoch report. 3 columns, 754 lines, "\t" delimited; the columns are--IPC\_code: the IPC code--Sector\_en: the top level sector classification.--Field\_en: the top level field classification. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502742
title: USPC-IPC Correspondence

description: The USPC and IPC systems were harmonized using the concordance provided by ReedTech at http://patents.reedtech.com/classdata.php. In order to simplify the classification of patents, we compared all IPCs found in the OECD's database to the USPTO classes liked in ReedTech's concordance table and assigned them to the appropriate USPTO label. 2 columns, 183K lines, "|" delimited; the columns are:--USPC: the USPC--IPC: the IPCs that are found in our database that are equivalent to that USPC. If more than one IPC is equivalent, they are separated by a ",".<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502739
title: Main Classification File

description: This is a harmonized list of patent classifications on all levels of resolution using the data we had available. USPTO patents in the Dataverse databases had US Patent Classifications (USPCs), while EPO and PCT had International Patent Classifications (IPCs) and Cooperative Patent Classifications (CPCs). The concordance between the two classification systems is provided in another file. 3 columns, 79.6M lines, "|" delimited; the columns are:--Pub_number: the patent publication number.--class: the patent classification number.--class_type: the type of classification this represents. "u" indicates USPC, "i" indicates IPC, "c" indicates CPC, "m" indicates an inferred IPC from the USPC-to-IPC concordance (described below), and "w" indicates the WIPO field.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502733
title: Patent Citations

description: This is a list of patent citations found in the OECD or Dataverse databases. Non-patent citations (e.g. to journals) are not included. Patent citations can be added by the applicant or the examiner in the office (the latter suggesting it is relevant but the inventor may not have been aware of it). A typical USPTO patent has significantly more outgoing citations than a typical EPO/PCT patent, and depending on the research topic under study, one may need to carefully consider the impact of this difference between US and European offices when looking at citation statistics. 4 columns, 42.5M lines, "|" delimited; the columns are:--citing: the patent on which the citation is found--cited: the patent that is cited.--cite\_origin: whether the citation was supplied by the applicant (labeled "a") or examiner (labeled "e"). --data\_source: whether the citation information originated in the USPTO database ("u"), in the EPO's database ("e"), or in the PCT database ("w").
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502730
title: Assignee Details

description: This is a list of the patents, geolocations, and names of every inventor. There are 6 columns and 9.7M lines, "|" delimited; the columns are--ID: the ID of the assignee--pat: the patent publication ID.--name: the raw, undisambiguated name of this assignee on this patent.--loc: the geolocation of the assignee's address listed on this patent. --qual: the yahoo quality of the geolocation. --loctype: the division of the geolocation into high and low resolution. If you are claiming to plot data at a high resolution, do not use "low."<br>This data file was updated on 17 Nov 2018. The original datafile failed to include USPTO patents without a provided assignee address. Disambiguated assignee IDs are unchanged between versions. This error did not affect any other data file, with all patent-to-assignee links in our database still found in all_disambiguated_patents_withLocal.txt. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502730.v1
title: Assignee Details

description: This is a list of the patents, geolocations, and names of every inventor. There are 6 columns and 8.2M lines, "|" delimited; the columns are--ID: the ID of the assignee--pat: the patent publication ID.--name: the raw, undisambiguated name of this assignee on this patent.--loc: the geolocation of the assignee's address listed on this patent. --qual: the yahoo quality of the geolocation. --loctype: the division of the geolocation into high and low resolution. If you are claiming to plot data at a high resolution, do not use "low."<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502727
title: Inventor details

description: This is a list of the patents, geolocations, and names of every inventor. There are 6 columns and 25.3M lines, "|" delimited; the columns are--ID: the local ID of the inventor--pat: the patent publication ID.--name: the raw, undisambiguated name of this inventor on this patent.--loc: the geolocation of the inventors address listed on this patent. --qual: the yahoo quality of the geolocation. --loctype: the division of the geolocation into high and low resolution. If you are claiming to plot individual data at a high resolution, do not use "low."<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502715
title: Quantification of bitter compounds in Belgian endive: a comparative study. Supplementary material: MS1 and MS2 spectra of selected compounds in table format

description: Positive and negative electrospray spectra of Belgian endive (C. intybus) extract components in table format. Both MS1 and MS2 spectra are given.<br>Protocol:<br>Fresh Belgian endive heads are frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen, and subsequently crushed to a fine powder in a pre-cooled blender. The powder is stored at -80 ˚C in plastic tubes (Falcon) tubes until use. For each sample 300 mg of crushed frozen leaves is weighed in a pre-cooled 2 mL plastic tube (Eppendorf). These tubes can also be stored at -80 ˚C for a few days before use. Care is taken to prevent thawing of the frozen material up until this point, by pre-cooling of all materials which comes in contact with the plant powder. Failure to do so causes a brownish discoloration in the subsequent steps which is symptom of oxidation.For the extraction, 1.4 mL of extraction solvent is added to each small plastic tube. Extraction solvent is prepared by adding 1 mL of formic acid and 100 µL of acetonitrile containing 20 mg·mL-1 of α-santonin to 1 L of HPLC water Extraction is performed under continuous shaking at 30 °C for 15 min in a Thermomixer (Eppendorf), followed by centrifugation at 2000 g at 4 °C for another 15 min. Exactly 1 mL of the supernatant is drawn with an insulin syringe and filtered through a 13 mm x 0.2 µm PTFE disc filter in a glass vial. Extractions are performed in batches of 12 samples, whose preparation can be overlapped. As an example, when the first batch is on the thermomixer, solvent addition to the second can be started; after the first moves to the centrifuge, the second goes to the thermomixer.HPLC-MS analysis is performed on an Waters 2695 Alliance coupled to a Micromass QTof Micro mass spectrometer. A Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm I.D. x 150 mm length x 5 µm particle diameter, core shell silica) is used. The injection volume is 10 µL and the oven temperature 40 ˚C. The HPLC is operated with a constant flow of 0.2 ml∙min-1 in gradient mode according to the following protocol:• From 0 to 1 mins isocratic hold at 5 % acetonitrile• From 1 to 15 mins linear gradient to 50 % acetonitrile• From 15 to 19 mins isocratic hold at 50 % acetonitrile<br>The optimized values for the positive mode were as follows: capillary voltage: 3100 V, sample cone: 24 V, extraction cone 1 V, desolvation temperature: 450 ˚C, desolvation flow: 600 L∙h-1, no cone flow, source temperature: 110 ˚C, collision energy: 3 V. For the negative electrospray mode, the following not optimized source parameters were used: capillary voltage: 2500 V, sample cone: 20 V, extraction cone 1 V, desolvation temperature: 400 ˚C, desolvation flow: 400 L∙h-1, no cone flow, source temperature: 110 ˚C, collision energy: 3 V. Acquisition parameters were the same for both modes: scan time: 0.4 s , inter-scan time: 0.1 s , reference scan (leu-enkephalin): 60 s, centroid mode, centroid threshold: 1, minimum point: 5<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3502715.v1
title: Quantification of bitter compounds in Belgian endive: a comparative study. Supplementary material: MS1 and MS2 spectra of selected compounds in table format

description: Positive and negative electrospray spectra of Belgian endive (C. intybus) extract components in table format. Both MS1 and MS2 spectra are given.<br>Protocol:<br>Fresh Belgian endive heads are frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen, and subsequently crushed to a fine powder in a pre-cooled blender. The powder is stored at -80 ˚C in plastic tubes (Falcon) tubes until use. For each sample 300 mg of crushed frozen leaves is weighed in a pre-cooled 2 mL plastic tube (Eppendorf). These tubes can also be stored at -80 ˚C for a few days before use. Care is taken to prevent thawing of the frozen material up until this point, by pre-cooling of all materials which comes in contact with the plant powder. Failure to do so causes a brownish discoloration in the subsequent steps which is symptom of oxidation.For the extraction, 1.4 mL of extraction solvent is added to each small plastic tube. Extraction solvent is prepared by adding 1 mL of formic acid and 100 µL of acetonitrile containing 20 mg·mL-1 of α-santonin to 1 L of HPLC water Extraction is performed under continuous shaking at 30 °C for 15 min in a Thermomixer (Eppendorf), followed by centrifugation at 2000 g at 4 °C for another 15 min. Exactly 1 mL of the supernatant is drawn with an insulin syringe and filtered through a 13 mm x 0.2 µm PTFE disc filter in a glass vial. Extractions are performed in batches of 12 samples, whose preparation can be overlapped. As an example, when the first batch is on the thermomixer, solvent addition to the second can be started; after the first moves to the centrifuge, the second goes to the thermomixer.HPLC-MS analysis is performed on an Waters 2695 Alliance coupled to a Micromass QTof Micro mass spectrometer. A Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm I.D. x 150 mm length x 5 µm particle diameter, core shell silica) is used. The injection volume is 10 µL and the oven temperature 40 ˚C. The HPLC is operated with a constant flow of 0.2 ml∙min-1 in gradient mode according to the following protocol:• From 0 to 1 mins isocratic hold at 5 % acetonitrile• From 1 to 15 mins linear gradient to 50 % acetonitrile• From 15 to 19 mins isocratic hold at 50 % acetonitrile<br>The optimized values for the positive mode were as follows: capillary voltage: 3100 V, sample cone: 24 V, extraction cone 1 V, desolvation temperature: 450 ˚C, desolvation flow: 600 L∙h-1, no cone flow, source temperature: 110 ˚C, collision energy: 3 V. For the negative electrospray mode, the following not optimized source parameters were used: capillary voltage: 2500 V, sample cone: 20 V, extraction cone 1 V, desolvation temperature: 400 ˚C, desolvation flow: 400 L∙h-1, no cone flow, source temperature: 110 ˚C, collision energy: 3 V. Acquisition parameters were the same for both modes: scan time: 0.4 s , inter-scan time: 0.1 s , reference scan (leu-enkephalin): 60 s, centroid mode, centroid threshold: 1, minimum point: 5<br>