cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489208.v1
title: SupplementalTable1.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489214.v1
title: SupplementalTree1.txt from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489205
title: SupplementalTable12.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.7284/101174
title: Meteorological Station data collected during research cruise MGL0905 using a RM Young 26700 instrument system onboard the platform RV Marcus G. Langseth

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489202
title: supplemental_Rcode.txt from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489205.v1
title: SupplementalTable12.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489193
title: AmarathLargeData.xlsx from The dynamics of granular flow from a silo with two symmetric openings

description: The dynamics of granular flow in a rectangular silo with two symmetrically placed exit openings is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV), flow rate measurements and discrete element modelling (DEM). The flow of mustard seeds in a perspex silo is recorded using a high-speed camera and the resulting image frames are analysed using PIV to obtain velocity, velocity divergence and shear rate plots. A change in flow structure is observed as the distance <i>L</i> between the two openings is varied. The mass flow rate is shown to be at a maximum at zero opening separation, decreasing as <i>L</i> is increased, it then reaches a minimum before rising to an equilibrium rate close to two times that of an isolated (non-interacting) opening. The flow rate experiment is repeated using amaranth and screened sand and similar behaviour is observed. Although this result is in contrast with some recent DEM and physical experiments in silo systems, this effect has been reported in an analogous system; the evacuation of pedestrians from a room through two doors. Our experimental results are replicated using DEM and we show that inter-particle friction controls the flow rate behaviour and explains the discrepancies in the literature results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489202.v1
title: supplemental_Rcode.txt from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.7284/101165
title: Multibeam Echosounder data collected during research cruise MGL0905 using a Kongsberg EM122 instrument system onboard the platform RV Marcus G. Langseth

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489190
title: SupplementalTable7.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489193.v1
title: AmarathLargeData.xlsx from The dynamics of granular flow from a silo with two symmetric openings

description: The dynamics of granular flow in a rectangular silo with two symmetrically placed exit openings is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV), flow rate measurements and discrete element modelling (DEM). The flow of mustard seeds in a perspex silo is recorded using a high-speed camera and the resulting image frames are analysed using PIV to obtain velocity, velocity divergence and shear rate plots. A change in flow structure is observed as the distance <i>L</i> between the two openings is varied. The mass flow rate is shown to be at a maximum at zero opening separation, decreasing as <i>L</i> is increased, it then reaches a minimum before rising to an equilibrium rate close to two times that of an isolated (non-interacting) opening. The flow rate experiment is repeated using amaranth and screened sand and similar behaviour is observed. Although this result is in contrast with some recent DEM and physical experiments in silo systems, this effect has been reported in an analogous system; the evacuation of pedestrians from a room through two doors. Our experimental results are replicated using DEM and we show that inter-particle friction controls the flow rate behaviour and explains the discrepancies in the literature results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489190.v1
title: SupplementalTable7.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.7284/101166
title: Singlebeam Echosounder data collected during research cruise MGL0905 using a Knudsen 3260 instrument system onboard the platform RV Marcus G. Langseth

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489184
title: SupplementalTable6.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489178
title: SupplementalTable11.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489184.v1
title: SupplementalTable6.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489178.v1
title: SupplementalTable11.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
DOI: 10.7284/101175
title: TSG (Thermosalinograph) data collected during research cruise MGL0905 using a Sea-Bird SBE-21 instrument system onboard the platform RV Marcus G. Langseth

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7489169
title: SupplementalTable2.csv from Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails

description: Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus <i>Naesiotus</i>), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus <i>Mimus</i>) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.