cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825683.v1
title: Biological soil crusts: An eco-adaptive biological conservative mechanism and implications for ecological restoration

description: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are highly complex associations of soil particles with mosses, cyanobacteria, lichens, bacteria, and fungi. BSCs affect many ecological processes, including infiltration and evaporation, soil erosion, vegetation succession, and nutrient cycling, and perform important ecological functions of ecosystems in arid areas. In the past 30 years, many studies on BSCs were conducted by researchers all over the world. This paper reviews the recent research progresses and frontier problems, and discusses the current controversial conclusions. The main ideas are as follows: (1) influenced by many macroclimate and micro-environment factors, BSCs are characterized by developmental complexity, composition diversity, and spatial heterogeneity. In any typical areas where exist all types of BSCs at different succession stages, it is of great significance to conduct comparable studies on BSCs and to explore if there exists a probable zonality for them. (2) BSCs not only exert positive impacts on soil fertility and soil erosion, but they also show controversial influences on the hydrological processes, especially on infiltration, evaporation, soil moisture, and vegetation succession such as survival, germination, emergence, and establishment. To understand the function-performing mechanisms of BSCs is helpful for the revealing of their action patterns and the comprehension of the implications of the patterns on ecological processes and restoration as well as clarification of existing controversial points. It will eventually contribute to the effective management and utilization of BSCs resources in a given region for large-scale ecological engineering.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825686.v3
title: Population dynamics of <i>Aster pyrenaeus</i> Desf., a threatened species of temperate forest edges: A view of meso- and micro-scales

description: The effect of forest edges on population viability is one of the most unexplored aspects of plant conservation, and questions arise as to the most adequate management model for preserving species in these habitats. Here, we investigate the population dynamics of a high-priority species (<i>Aster pyrenaeus</i>) related to temperate forest edges in northern Spain. One isolated population was monitored during a 6-year period to analyse its response to habitat configuration at different scales. The effect of the sun-shade gradient was tested at the micro-scale using vegetation cover classes, and stochastic simulations were conducted at the meso-scale using spatially explicit models. At the micro-scale, monitored individuals were preferably located in sunny and semi-shady habitats, where population growth was greater. Species presence at the meso-scale was restricted to mixed shady vegetation, showing a null extinction risk in all the tested scenarios but a high probability of decline under past land use. The studied population seems to have persisted on historical remnants with habitat heterogeneity, supporting the hypothesis that the species has its proper ecological niche in grassland–forest edges. We conclude that the conservation management of plant populations dependent on forest edges should consider the maintenance of heterogeneous habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825686.v5
title: Population dynamics of <i>Aster pyrenaeus</i> Desf., a threatened species of temperate forest edges: A view of meso- and micro-scales

description: The effect of forest edges on population viability is one of the most unexplored aspects of plant conservation, and questions arise as to the most adequate management model for preserving species in these habitats. Here, we investigate the population dynamics of a high-priority species (<i>Aster pyrenaeus</i>) related to temperate forest edges in northern Spain. One isolated population was monitored during a 6-year period to analyse its response to habitat configuration at different scales. The effect of the sun-shade gradient was tested at the micro-scale using vegetation cover classes, and stochastic simulations were conducted at the meso-scale using spatially explicit models. At the micro-scale, monitored individuals were preferably located in sunny and semi-shady habitats, where population growth was greater. Species presence at the meso-scale was restricted to mixed shady vegetation, showing a null extinction risk in all the tested scenarios but a high probability of decline under past land use. The studied population seems to have persisted on historical remnants with habitat heterogeneity, supporting the hypothesis that the species has its proper ecological niche in grassland–forest edges. We conclude that the conservation management of plant populations dependent on forest edges should consider the maintenance of heterogeneous habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825687.v2
title: The cell death phenomenon during <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza morphogenesis

description: Cell death phenomenon was investigated during the formation and establishment of <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza (ECM) with host trees, both <i>in vitro</i> and in pot culture using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) reaction, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). <i>Tuber borchii</i> mycelium and plantlets of <i>Tilia plathyphyllos</i> were used for <i>in vitro</i> ECM synthesis, whereas <i>T. melanosporum</i>, <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. borchii</i> spores and seedlings of <i>Corylus avellana</i>, <i>Quercus pubescens</i> and <i>T. plathyphyllos</i> were employed in pot cultures. Non-mycorrhizal roots showed TUNEL-positive nuclei at the level of cap cells and tracheary elements as a result of physiological root morphogenesis. In contrast, during the pre-symbiotic phase and the following ECM developmental stages, progressive accumulation of tannin/polyphenol deposits developed in epidermal and cortical cells, leading to the cell death but without TUNEL positivity. After this necrosis, a further unexpected autophagic cell death was observed in apparently healthy mycorrhizae, first affecting mycoclena and then the Hartig net hyphae. This series of cell death phenomena involving both root cells and fungal ectomycorrhizal hyphae points to the existence of a genetic orchestration between the two symbiotic partners during ECM morphogenesis and deserves further investigation to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825686.v4
title: Population dynamics of <i>Aster pyrenaeus</i> Desf., a threatened species of temperate forest edges: A view of meso- and micro-scales

description: The effect of forest edges on population viability is one of the most unexplored aspects of plant conservation, and questions arise as to the most adequate management model for preserving species in these habitats. Here, we investigate the population dynamics of a high-priority species (<i>Aster pyrenaeus</i>) related to temperate forest edges in northern Spain. One isolated population was monitored during a 6-year period to analyse its response to habitat configuration at different scales. The effect of the sun-shade gradient was tested at the micro-scale using vegetation cover classes, and stochastic simulations were conducted at the meso-scale using spatially explicit models. At the micro-scale, monitored individuals were preferably located in sunny and semi-shady habitats, where population growth was greater. Species presence at the meso-scale was restricted to mixed shady vegetation, showing a null extinction risk in all the tested scenarios but a high probability of decline under past land use. The studied population seems to have persisted on historical remnants with habitat heterogeneity, supporting the hypothesis that the species has its proper ecological niche in grassland–forest edges. We conclude that the conservation management of plant populations dependent on forest edges should consider the maintenance of heterogeneous habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825683.v3
title: Biological soil crusts: An eco-adaptive biological conservative mechanism and implications for ecological restoration

description: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are highly complex associations of soil particles with mosses, cyanobacteria, lichens, bacteria, and fungi. BSCs affect many ecological processes, including infiltration and evaporation, soil erosion, vegetation succession, and nutrient cycling, and perform important ecological functions of ecosystems in arid areas. In the past 30 years, many studies on BSCs were conducted by researchers all over the world. This paper reviews the recent research progresses and frontier problems, and discusses the current controversial conclusions. The main ideas are as follows: (1) influenced by many macroclimate and micro-environment factors, BSCs are characterized by developmental complexity, composition diversity, and spatial heterogeneity. In any typical areas where exist all types of BSCs at different succession stages, it is of great significance to conduct comparable studies on BSCs and to explore if there exists a probable zonality for them. (2) BSCs not only exert positive impacts on soil fertility and soil erosion, but they also show controversial influences on the hydrological processes, especially on infiltration, evaporation, soil moisture, and vegetation succession such as survival, germination, emergence, and establishment. To understand the function-performing mechanisms of BSCs is helpful for the revealing of their action patterns and the comprehension of the implications of the patterns on ecological processes and restoration as well as clarification of existing controversial points. It will eventually contribute to the effective management and utilization of BSCs resources in a given region for large-scale ecological engineering.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825680
title: Distribution range and ecological niche of <i>Primula marginata</i> Curtis (Primulaceae)

description: The distribution range of <i>Primula marginata</i> Curtis (Primulaceae) has never been fully characterized. In the present study, authors did a revision of the distribution range using herbaria material, database records and <i>in situ</i> populations' check-up. <i>P. marginata</i> was confirmed extending from Cottian to Maritime and Ligurian Alps, with few outlier occurrences in the northern Apennines. The localities previously reported from northern Piedmont (Val d'Ossola) were not confirmed. Maximum entropy model (Maxent) was used to simulate the potential distribution of <i>P. marginata</i> under current climate conditions. According to the distribution modelling performed, the species prefers rocky calcareous habitats mainly at high elevations, with abundant precipitation, but low moisture retention at soil level and marked temperature range between winter and summer seasons. The potential distribution area drawn by Maxent seemed to describe <i>P. marginata</i> at its maximum extension, and any future climate changes might cause limitations for the survival of the species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825687.v3
title: The cell death phenomenon during <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza morphogenesis

description: Cell death phenomenon was investigated during the formation and establishment of <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza (ECM) with host trees, both <i>in vitro</i> and in pot culture using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) reaction, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). <i>Tuber borchii</i> mycelium and plantlets of <i>Tilia plathyphyllos</i> were used for <i>in vitro</i> ECM synthesis, whereas <i>T. melanosporum</i>, <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. borchii</i> spores and seedlings of <i>Corylus avellana</i>, <i>Quercus pubescens</i> and <i>T. plathyphyllos</i> were employed in pot cultures. Non-mycorrhizal roots showed TUNEL-positive nuclei at the level of cap cells and tracheary elements as a result of physiological root morphogenesis. In contrast, during the pre-symbiotic phase and the following ECM developmental stages, progressive accumulation of tannin/polyphenol deposits developed in epidermal and cortical cells, leading to the cell death but without TUNEL positivity. After this necrosis, a further unexpected autophagic cell death was observed in apparently healthy mycorrhizae, first affecting mycoclena and then the Hartig net hyphae. This series of cell death phenomena involving both root cells and fungal ectomycorrhizal hyphae points to the existence of a genetic orchestration between the two symbiotic partners during ECM morphogenesis and deserves further investigation to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825683.v2
title: Biological soil crusts: An eco-adaptive biological conservative mechanism and implications for ecological restoration

description: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are highly complex associations of soil particles with mosses, cyanobacteria, lichens, bacteria, and fungi. BSCs affect many ecological processes, including infiltration and evaporation, soil erosion, vegetation succession, and nutrient cycling, and perform important ecological functions of ecosystems in arid areas. In the past 30 years, many studies on BSCs were conducted by researchers all over the world. This paper reviews the recent research progresses and frontier problems, and discusses the current controversial conclusions. The main ideas are as follows: (1) influenced by many macroclimate and micro-environment factors, BSCs are characterized by developmental complexity, composition diversity, and spatial heterogeneity. In any typical areas where exist all types of BSCs at different succession stages, it is of great significance to conduct comparable studies on BSCs and to explore if there exists a probable zonality for them. (2) BSCs not only exert positive impacts on soil fertility and soil erosion, but they also show controversial influences on the hydrological processes, especially on infiltration, evaporation, soil moisture, and vegetation succession such as survival, germination, emergence, and establishment. To understand the function-performing mechanisms of BSCs is helpful for the revealing of their action patterns and the comprehension of the implications of the patterns on ecological processes and restoration as well as clarification of existing controversial points. It will eventually contribute to the effective management and utilization of BSCs resources in a given region for large-scale ecological engineering.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825687.v5
title: The cell death phenomenon during <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza morphogenesis

description: Cell death phenomenon was investigated during the formation and establishment of <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza (ECM) with host trees, both <i>in vitro</i> and in pot culture using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) reaction, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). <i>Tuber borchii</i> mycelium and plantlets of <i>Tilia plathyphyllos</i> were used for <i>in vitro</i> ECM synthesis, whereas <i>T. melanosporum</i>, <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. borchii</i> spores and seedlings of <i>Corylus avellana</i>, <i>Quercus pubescens</i> and <i>T. plathyphyllos</i> were employed in pot cultures. Non-mycorrhizal roots showed TUNEL-positive nuclei at the level of cap cells and tracheary elements as a result of physiological root morphogenesis. In contrast, during the pre-symbiotic phase and the following ECM developmental stages, progressive accumulation of tannin/polyphenol deposits developed in epidermal and cortical cells, leading to the cell death but without TUNEL positivity. After this necrosis, a further unexpected autophagic cell death was observed in apparently healthy mycorrhizae, first affecting mycoclena and then the Hartig net hyphae. This series of cell death phenomena involving both root cells and fungal ectomycorrhizal hyphae points to the existence of a genetic orchestration between the two symbiotic partners during ECM morphogenesis and deserves further investigation to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825687.v4
title: The cell death phenomenon during <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza morphogenesis

description: Cell death phenomenon was investigated during the formation and establishment of <i>Tuber</i> ectomycorrhiza (ECM) with host trees, both <i>in vitro</i> and in pot culture using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) reaction, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). <i>Tuber borchii</i> mycelium and plantlets of <i>Tilia plathyphyllos</i> were used for <i>in vitro</i> ECM synthesis, whereas <i>T. melanosporum</i>, <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. borchii</i> spores and seedlings of <i>Corylus avellana</i>, <i>Quercus pubescens</i> and <i>T. plathyphyllos</i> were employed in pot cultures. Non-mycorrhizal roots showed TUNEL-positive nuclei at the level of cap cells and tracheary elements as a result of physiological root morphogenesis. In contrast, during the pre-symbiotic phase and the following ECM developmental stages, progressive accumulation of tannin/polyphenol deposits developed in epidermal and cortical cells, leading to the cell death but without TUNEL positivity. After this necrosis, a further unexpected autophagic cell death was observed in apparently healthy mycorrhizae, first affecting mycoclena and then the Hartig net hyphae. This series of cell death phenomena involving both root cells and fungal ectomycorrhizal hyphae points to the existence of a genetic orchestration between the two symbiotic partners during ECM morphogenesis and deserves further investigation to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825677
title: Tracking free-ranging sharks with hand-fed intra-gastric acoustic transmitters

description: To estimate tag retention time, 39 acoustic transmitters were hand-fed to bull sharks <i>Carcharhinus leucas</i>, lemon sharks <i>Negaprion acutidens</i> and tiger sharks <i>Galeocerdo cuvier</i>, in the Shark Reef Marine Reserve, Fiji. Minimum tag retention times ranged from less than 24 h to 34 days, and bull sharks could be tracked for a minimum mean duration of 6.8 days. Feeding acoustic transmitters wrapped in bait to free-ranging sharks is an alternative and viable method to obtain presence–absence data from free-ranging sharks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825678
title: Drivers of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. regeneration following small, high-severity fire in a dry, inner-alpine valley

description: In dry, inner-alpine valleys, regeneration of Scots pine after large, high-severity fires is limited by seed dispersal distance. When dispersal limitations are relaxed (small fires), colonization dynamics of Scots pine remain unclear. Our aims were (1) to assess the regeneration niche of Scots pine seedlings following small fires in a dry, inner-alpine valley and (2) to measure the influence of competition, drought, fertility, and soil pH on pine colonization. We sampled pine seedlings in six high-severity fires (1962–2006), where distance from the unburned edge was
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825676
title: A video and photographic study of aggregation, swimming and respiratory behaviour changes in the Grey Nurse Shark (<i>Carcharias taurus</i>) in response to the presence of SCUBA divers

description: The Grey Nurse Shark (<i>Carcharias taurus</i>) is a popular attraction for shark eco-tourism using SCUBA. The species is also ‘globally Vulnerable’ (IUCN 2008. List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org/). Magic Point (off Maroubra) in Sydney is favoured by recreational SCUBA divers wishing to observe these sharks. The objective of this study was to experimentally test the level of the activities of recreational SCUBA divers on shark behaviour. This study assessed the shark responses to diver group size (4, 8 and 12), time of day (am, noon and pm) and diver distance from the sharks (3 m and 6 m). The study found that diver activity does affect the aggregation, swimming and respiratory behaviour of sharks at this site, albeit at short-term levels. Diver group size had no significant effect on shark aggregation, but the proximity of divers to the sharks was crucial. Shark distribution in the cave changed significantly in the presence of divers at 3 m distance from the cave, but stayed unchanged at 6 m. This was particularly apparent in the presence of large groups of 12 divers at 3 m distance when sharks increased their swim speed and ventilation mechanism from ‘active’ to ‘RAM’ ventilation. Such change coincided with a sudden decrease in ventilation frequency. Our research suggests that these effects are short-term and that sharks resume their behaviour once the divers retreat. If divers abide by the current code of practice for diving at this site, it is unlikely that their activities will substantially impact Grey Nurse Sharks in the long term.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.825680.v1
title: Distribution range and ecological niche of <i>Primula marginata</i> Curtis (Primulaceae)

description: The distribution range of <i>Primula marginata</i> Curtis (Primulaceae) has never been fully characterized. In the present study, authors did a revision of the distribution range using herbaria material, database records and <i>in situ</i> populations' check-up. <i>P. marginata</i> was confirmed extending from Cottian to Maritime and Ligurian Alps, with few outlier occurrences in the northern Apennines. The localities previously reported from northern Piedmont (Val d'Ossola) were not confirmed. Maximum entropy model (Maxent) was used to simulate the potential distribution of <i>P. marginata</i> under current climate conditions. According to the distribution modelling performed, the species prefers rocky calcareous habitats mainly at high elevations, with abundant precipitation, but low moisture retention at soil level and marked temperature range between winter and summer seasons. The potential distribution area drawn by Maxent seemed to describe <i>P. marginata</i> at its maximum extension, and any future climate changes might cause limitations for the survival of the species.