cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25582/data.2021-12.2390542/2286613
title: Data for EMSL Project 51834 from December 2021
DOI: 10.25582/data.2021-09.2322614/2286614
title: Data for EMSL Project 51834 from September 2021
DOI: 10.25582/data.2022-10.2623071/2286615
title: Data for EMSL Project 51834 from October 2022
DOI: 10.25582/data.2021-08.2304195/2286616
title: Data for EMSL Project 51834 from August 2021
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ec7fhy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3105 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Antaresia childreni (Gray, 1842)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3105 records from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053650-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t8mvq5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Microtropis hexandra Merr. & F.L.Freeman"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053651-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zmpq45
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 847535 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry MULTIPOLYGON(((1.70444 49.23235,1.67395 49.21179,1.6769 49.20269,1.66597 49.17681,1.6702 49.16949,1.65143 49.13856,1.65781 49.13197,1.61827 49.09676,1.62358 49.08617,1.60768 49.07907,1.60522 49.08511,1.57289 49.07811,1.58106 49.06208,1.5919 49.06276,1.59936 49.05425,1.61401 49.07074,1.64411 49.08154,1.6725 49.07833,1.69751 49.06552,1.68823 49.05258,1.61939 49.02981,1.6121 49.01677,1.61775 49.00905,1.64263 49.00391,1.70838 49.00832,1.7299 49.01548,1.75809 49.00462,1.76916 48.99619,1.76811 48.99005,1.77586 48.98926,1.79769 49.00839,1.80024 48.99518,1.8274 48.99756,1.83037 48.99138,1.84943 48.99927,1.85277 48.99366,1.88787 49.00117,1.87955 49.01277,1.86147 49.01403,1.87952 49.01994,1.90812 49.0111,1.91374 49.01659,1.93171 49.01375,1.92889 49.00975,1.95768 49.009,1.95914 49.01692,1.97456 49.01438,1.97407 49.00299,1.98657 48.99507,2.00428 49.01033,1.99215 49.02108,1.95464 49.02598,1.96086 49.03477,1.98369 49.03483,1.9925 49.06125,1.99912 49.06745,2.01056 49.06544,2.01521 49.07759,2.02685 49.07396,2.02224 49.06668,2.03456 49.06275,2.0445 49.08269,2.06305 49.08652,2.07288 49.07862,2.08435 49.08419,2.08765 49.07362,2.10436 49.06715,2.10674 49.05988,2.13411 49.0672,2.16979 49.06432,2.19996 49.07897,2.20893 49.09244,2.20947 49.11275,2.21731 49.12397,2.21287 49.12579,2.21995 49.13608,2.23625 49.13819,2.23787 49.15185,2.21682 49.15389,2.23109 49.16459,2.21862 49.18067,2.19521 49.17312,2.17588 49.17595,2.18224 49.17037,2.16876 49.16395,2.15802 49.17261,2.16449 49.17955,2.14726 49.18807,2.1365 49.17904,2.13525 49.19117,2.12798 49.19358,2.11635 49.18689,2.09773 49.18916,2.08904 49.19379,2.09093 49.20866,2.07898 49.20592,2.08072 49.2107,2.00269 49.17607,1.97357 49.18385,1.94987 49.17018,1.93145 49.17486,1.88743 49.16304,1.87618 49.17509,1.83636 49.1645,1.8358 49.17642,1.82681 49.17965,1.81177 49.17397,1.81303 49.17835,1.80026 49.18042,1.80303 49.1851,1.79097 49.17997,1.77637 49.18487,1.75477 49.1746,1.7401 49.1808,1.74426 49.1833,1.73725 49.19477,1.72592 49.19421,1.72502 49.20076,1.7155 49.20266,1.71484 49.20743,1.73363 49.21094,1.73409 49.22126,1.74038 49.2243,1.71206 49.23293,1.71262 49.24121,1.70444 49.23235)))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 847535 records from 658 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053604-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7h56xq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 4 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, 1952"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 4 records were derived from 46 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053620-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.34g23s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3850 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "GadmGid is CHN.1.5_1",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3850 records from 39 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053652-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2h6csj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Manulea paucibarbata Hilliard"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053653-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2qjutq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 176346 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anser rossii Cassin, 1861"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 176346 records from 87 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053611-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fn5mfm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 40 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Micranthes tilingiana (Regel & Tiling) Kom."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 40 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053654-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ghd6ts
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2986 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthipes monileger (Hodgson, 1845)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2986 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053655-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s6au73
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 80117 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 80117 records from 52 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053531-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25507003
title: Supplementary Material for: A New Sarcoma Shortly After Treatment for High-Grade Glioma with Adjuvant Chemoradiation: A Case Report.

description: High-grade gliomas are central nervous tumors conventionally treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Secondary cancer due to radiation therapy is a rare yet established phenomenon that typically occurs years after radiation therapy. In this case, we discuss an early presentation of a second cancer adjacent to the radiation field. This case report is of a 52-year-old male who developed a new sarcoma at the site of primary surgery eight months after radiation therapy. The report highlights that this case does not conform to the expected criteria for post-radiation sarcoma in terms of timing. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense variant in the NF1 gene, a variant of uncertain significance. 
Secondary cancers may arise earlier than expected, even in phenotypically normal patients. The question of pre-radiotherapy screening for radiosensitivity syndromes and diseases requires further study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25507003.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A New Sarcoma Shortly After Treatment for High-Grade Glioma with Adjuvant Chemoradiation: A Case Report.

description: High-grade gliomas are central nervous tumors conventionally treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Secondary cancer due to radiation therapy is a rare yet established phenomenon that typically occurs years after radiation therapy. In this case, we discuss an early presentation of a second cancer adjacent to the radiation field. This case report is of a 52-year-old male who developed a new sarcoma at the site of primary surgery eight months after radiation therapy. The report highlights that this case does not conform to the expected criteria for post-radiation sarcoma in terms of timing. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense variant in the NF1 gene, a variant of uncertain significance. 
Secondary cancers may arise earlier than expected, even in phenotypically normal patients. The question of pre-radiotherapy screening for radiosensitivity syndromes and diseases requires further study.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gbbf2g
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 929 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Microtropis japonica (Fr. & Sav.) Hall.fil."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 929 records from 63 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053656-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.k784d6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Manulea pillansii Hilliard"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053658-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5w4b36
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2062 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Micranthes tolmiei (Torr. & A.Gray) Brouillet & Gornall"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2062 records from 95 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053657-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cvmbvh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 741 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Melilotus infestus Guss."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 741 records from 77 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053660-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4czm2h
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3207 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthipes solitaris (S.Muller, 1836)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3207 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053659-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6qgm56
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1395 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthocephala berlepschi Salvin, 1893"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1395 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053662-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xgvr7c
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 66 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Microtropis kinabaluensis Merr. & F.L.Freeman"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 66 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053663-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zw92gy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 25313 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthobaphes violacea (Linnaeus, 1766)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 25313 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053661-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m5auq9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1950 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Monotropastrum humile (D.Don) H.Hara"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1950 records from 115 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053664-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rqufyn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 15 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Manulea platystigma Hilliard & B.L.Burtt"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 15 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053666-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10893716
title: Assessment of microvascular hemodynamic adaptations in finger flexors of climbers
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10893717
title: Assessment of microvascular hemodynamic adaptations in finger flexors of climbers
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r584n9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 129 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Micranthes unalaschcensis (Sternb.) Gornall & H.Ohba"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 129 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053667-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fb4m53
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1055 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Melilotus italicus (L.) Lam."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1055 records from 124 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053669-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nckrqu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Microtropis lanceolata Boerl. & Koord.-Schum."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053670-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.p695yc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthoscopus caroli sylviella Reichenow, 1904"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053671-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tr299p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10074 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Anthochaera phrygia (Shaw, 1794)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10074 records from 28 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053668-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6qwtqc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 30594 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is one of (Viet Nam, Thailand, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Cambodia)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Amphibia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 30594 records from 71 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0053665-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562080.v1
title: Appendix D. Control stalk ANOVAs and ANCOVA for 2011 hand pollination and egg removal experiment.

description: Control stalk ANOVAs and ANCOVA for 2011 hand pollination and egg removal experiment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562077
title: Appendix E. Response ratio ANOVAs and ANCOVA for 2011 hand pollination and egg removal experiment.

description: Response ratio ANOVAs and ANCOVA for 2011 hand pollination and egg removal experiment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562077.v1
title: Appendix E. Response ratio ANOVAs and ANCOVA for 2011 hand pollination and egg removal experiment.

description: Response ratio ANOVAs and ANCOVA for 2011 hand pollination and egg removal experiment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562074
title: Appendix A. Detailed description of the study sites and of the experimental set up.

description: Detailed description of the study sites and of the experimental set up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562071
title: Appendix B. Results of soil analyses conducted on soil samples from both origins before and after sterilization.

description: Results of soil analyses conducted on soil samples from both origins before and after sterilization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562074.v1
title: Appendix A. Detailed description of the study sites and of the experimental set up.

description: Detailed description of the study sites and of the experimental set up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562068
title: Appendix C. Average density of neighbors emerging from each soil origin in the field and greenhouse experiments, and graphs for the neighbor×soil origin interaction.

description: Average density of neighbors emerging from each soil origin in the field and greenhouse experiments, and graphs for the neighbor×soil origin interaction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562068.v1
title: Appendix C. Average density of neighbors emerging from each soil origin in the field and greenhouse experiments, and graphs for the neighbor×soil origin interaction.

description: Average density of neighbors emerging from each soil origin in the field and greenhouse experiments, and graphs for the neighbor×soil origin interaction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562065
title: Appendix A. Supplementary study site information.

description: Supplementary study site information.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562065.v1
title: Appendix A. Supplementary study site information.

description: Supplementary study site information.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562062
title: Appendix B. Detailed description of methods for collecting microclimate data and estimating missing data.

description: Detailed description of methods for collecting microclimate data and estimating missing data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562062.v1
title: Appendix B. Detailed description of methods for collecting microclimate data and estimating missing data.

description: Detailed description of methods for collecting microclimate data and estimating missing data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562059
title: Appendix C. Model selection for seed and microsite limitation models.

description: Model selection for seed and microsite limitation models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562059.v1
title: Appendix C. Model selection for seed and microsite limitation models.

description: Model selection for seed and microsite limitation models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562056
title: Appendix D. Supplementary results for seed and microsite limitation models.

description: Supplementary results for seed and microsite limitation models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562056.v1
title: Appendix D. Supplementary results for seed and microsite limitation models.

description: Supplementary results for seed and microsite limitation models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562053
title: Appendix E. Potential impact of seed viability on results and conclusions.

description: Potential impact of seed viability on results and conclusions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562053.v1
title: Appendix E. Potential impact of seed viability on results and conclusions.

description: Potential impact of seed viability on results and conclusions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562050
title: Appendix A. Detailed description of methods for allometry, isotope calculations, and islands of fertility calculations.

description: Detailed description of methods for allometry, isotope calculations, and islands of fertility calculations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3562050.v1
title: Appendix A. Detailed description of methods for allometry, isotope calculations, and islands of fertility calculations.

description: Detailed description of methods for allometry, isotope calculations, and islands of fertility calculations.