cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591520
title: Evaluating Medical Interns’ Knowledge about Acute Pancreatitis Using Problem-Based Learning

description: ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis is a frequent disease in general hospitals wards; it has a multifactorial etiology and can lead to severe alterations of the various corporeal systems. The internship generally represents the time when medical students consolidate the knowledge they have gradually acquired during the initial stages of their course. Several medical courses are currently undergoing a change in pedagogical focus, with the adoption of Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method in relation to knowledge about acute pancreatitis among medical intern students from a private university in the interior of São Paulo state, compared to the traditional learning method. It is a descriptive and transversal study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 40 sixth-year medicine students of a private higher education institution in São Paulo state, in the second semester of 2015. A comparative evaluation was made between the knowledge about the matter among the study group and the control group. The Student t parametric test was applied to two independent groups, resulting in the finding that the students who participated in the PBL tutorial sessions performed better in the assessment test, with p = 0.013. Hence, in addition to the advantages already known in relation to the preparation of proactive medical professionals, in tune with the feelings of their working environment, their peers and patients, the method is also proven to be efficient in continuing the teaching-learning process during medical internship. It is therefore concluded that this teaching-learning method be employed at the medical school in the study. It is also proposed that the research be continued with resident physicians, to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of other pathologies and other specialties, comparing PBL to traditional methods in order to achieve greater support for the adoption of the PBL method in this stage of medical training.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591523.v1
title: Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

description: Morinda citrifolia (noni) is found in the Atlantic and Amazonian Forest in Brazil and with recognized uses in folk medicine. However, few studies exist in its chemical characterization. The present work aims to investigate the efficiency of the sonication for extracting bioactive compounds from fruits and leaves of noni, using an experimental design of 23, whose variables were time, temperature and mass of the plant. Parallel extractions were performed using two extraction solvents (hexane and ethanol) and the same experimental design. The compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The independent variable was the mass yield and all the variables studied in the sonication process were significant (p &lt; 0.05%) for the process. Ethanol was more effective than hexane and the leaves produced higher yield and diversity of compounds than fruits. Vitamin E (tocopherol), octanoic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, phytol and squalene were the main compounds identified.
DOI: 10.7284/115551
title: Multibeam Echosounder data collected during research cruise FK140307 using a Kongsberg EM302 instrument system onboard the platform RV Falkor

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591511
title: Stellar equilibrium and the existence of a maximum mass of stars

description: Abstract The simultaneous occurrence of Virial and hydrostatic equilibrium determine the existence of solutions for the simplest stellar models. Using these concepts we show how it is possible to characterize the end of the stellar sequence by observing the behavior of the gas and radiation pressures, and point out that the extracted value coincides, within uncertainties, with the maximum mass directly inferred for actual stars.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591514
title: Strategies and determinants for recovering participants after 12 years: CHICAMOCHA cohort, Bucaramanga, Colombia

description: Abstract: This article seeks to describe the results of a participant recovery protocol in the CHICAMOCHA cohort after 12 years of follow-up and to identify factors associated with re-contact. In a prospective cohort study with 1,644 participants in Bucaramanga, Colombia (mean age 36 years; standard deviation = 8.5 years; 63% men), we implemented a participant recovery protocol that included 4 sequential strategies: (1) phone contact; (2) sending mail; (3) visiting the household; and (4) Publishing notices in the press local. Following steps 1-2, we attempted to update contact information through government databases in order to once again apply steps 1-2 for individuals who had not been contacted. We calculated crude and weighted rates of contact by participant recovery protocol strategy and overall return. We estimated the association between baseline participant characteristics and their state after participant recovery protocol through multiple logistical regression. We contacted 1,258 (76.4%) participants; 65% (n = 825) through phone contact. Weighted rates of contact were: 41% phone contact, 14.6% mail and 31% visits. Contact through newspaper ads was practically null. Age &gt; 36 years (OR = 1.48); low socioeconomic stratum (OR = 1.42) or being a home owner at baseline (OR = 2.05) were associated with re-contact. Consistent with other descriptions, phone contact is the re-contacting strategy with greatest returns in longitudinal studies. Individuals with characteristics that increase geographical mobility may require shorter follow-up periods and additional contact strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591514.v1
title: Strategies and determinants for recovering participants after 12 years: CHICAMOCHA cohort, Bucaramanga, Colombia

description: Abstract: This article seeks to describe the results of a participant recovery protocol in the CHICAMOCHA cohort after 12 years of follow-up and to identify factors associated with re-contact. In a prospective cohort study with 1,644 participants in Bucaramanga, Colombia (mean age 36 years; standard deviation = 8.5 years; 63% men), we implemented a participant recovery protocol that included 4 sequential strategies: (1) phone contact; (2) sending mail; (3) visiting the household; and (4) Publishing notices in the press local. Following steps 1-2, we attempted to update contact information through government databases in order to once again apply steps 1-2 for individuals who had not been contacted. We calculated crude and weighted rates of contact by participant recovery protocol strategy and overall return. We estimated the association between baseline participant characteristics and their state after participant recovery protocol through multiple logistical regression. We contacted 1,258 (76.4%) participants; 65% (n = 825) through phone contact. Weighted rates of contact were: 41% phone contact, 14.6% mail and 31% visits. Contact through newspaper ads was practically null. Age &gt; 36 years (OR = 1.48); low socioeconomic stratum (OR = 1.42) or being a home owner at baseline (OR = 2.05) were associated with re-contact. Consistent with other descriptions, phone contact is the re-contacting strategy with greatest returns in longitudinal studies. Individuals with characteristics that increase geographical mobility may require shorter follow-up periods and additional contact strategies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591520.v1
title: Evaluating Medical Interns’ Knowledge about Acute Pancreatitis Using Problem-Based Learning

description: ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis is a frequent disease in general hospitals wards; it has a multifactorial etiology and can lead to severe alterations of the various corporeal systems. The internship generally represents the time when medical students consolidate the knowledge they have gradually acquired during the initial stages of their course. Several medical courses are currently undergoing a change in pedagogical focus, with the adoption of Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method in relation to knowledge about acute pancreatitis among medical intern students from a private university in the interior of São Paulo state, compared to the traditional learning method. It is a descriptive and transversal study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 40 sixth-year medicine students of a private higher education institution in São Paulo state, in the second semester of 2015. A comparative evaluation was made between the knowledge about the matter among the study group and the control group. The Student t parametric test was applied to two independent groups, resulting in the finding that the students who participated in the PBL tutorial sessions performed better in the assessment test, with p = 0.013. Hence, in addition to the advantages already known in relation to the preparation of proactive medical professionals, in tune with the feelings of their working environment, their peers and patients, the method is also proven to be efficient in continuing the teaching-learning process during medical internship. It is therefore concluded that this teaching-learning method be employed at the medical school in the study. It is also proposed that the research be continued with resident physicians, to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of other pathologies and other specialties, comparing PBL to traditional methods in order to achieve greater support for the adoption of the PBL method in this stage of medical training.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591505
title: Web-Based Undergraduate Medical Education in a Virtual Learning Environment Using an Original Pedagogical Approach: an Observational Longitudinal Study

description: ABSTRACT Background Asynchronous Web-based Medical Education in Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) has grown steadily because of its many advantages. Various configurations and instructional methods are presently available. The existing proposals are poorly structured and/or not very effectively used for teaching diagnostic skills to undergraduate medical students in Brazil. A robust instructional method with positive pedagogical characteristics is needed. Thus, we have proposed a pedagogically-structured method for VLEs that includes a motivating initial reading (Medical Chronicle – MC), and a knowledge building program, using real cases coupled with audiovisual resources (Diagnostic Workshop – DW). We aimed to verify its acceptance, as well as the efficacy of the MC/DW method in improving the diagnostic ability of medical students, in the long term. Methods An opinion survey, two MC/DW materials and two Knowledge and Diagnostic Skills (KDS) questionnaires on stroke and epilepsy were developed, and two medical student groups were followed up in this 2013 longitudinal observational study. The students answered a KDS1, and attended a traditional lecture on one of the topics. They also accessed a VLE to apply the MC/DW method on stroke or epilepsy. We applied the same questionnaire (KDS2 and KDS3, respectively), one month and 5-6 months after the KDS1. We analyzed the mean KDS1 score of all the students, and the mean pairwise of those who accessed and those who did not access the VLEs during these three stages. An opinion survey was applied, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results 87 students participated in the study, but six were excluded as they did not answer the questionnaires. The KDS1 general mean score was 1.59 (SD0.71). We found that 66 students (81.5%) accessed the VLE, showing a significant improvement in diagnostic skills in the KDS2 (mean5.65, p&lt;0.05) and KDS3 (mean 4.57, p&lt;0.05), with non-significant variations for those who did not access it. The MC was considered at least good for 62 students (94%), with 52 students (78.8%) finding that a checklist was sufficient to clear up all their DW doubts. Conclusions The MC/DW method in VLE proved to be effective for improving the diagnostic capability of the undergraduate medical students in the long term, and it was well accepted by the students. It presents several positive pedagogical characteristics and can be replicated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591508
title: Feelings of the Medical Student when in Contact with Practice

description: ABSTRACT The current medical course curricula give students opportunities to gain practical experience with the SUS (Unified Health System) and with the people who use it. This interaction is generally referred to as “early contact” with patients. This early contact generates positive and negative feelings in the students. However, few Brazilian papers have addressed this issue. The purpose of this paper is to describe the feelings experienced by medical students of a private institution in the state of São Paulo, at three important times during the course: when they begin new activities with users of the SUS (1styear), during interactions with their local community in Primary Health Care, in the medical outpatient clinic (2nd year), and during the Internship (3rd year). Demographic identification data and data on the student’s feelings were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. The latter were classified as having low, medium or high intensity. The feelings investigated were boredom, happiness, benevolence, disillusionment, discouragement, unpreparedness, empathy, hope, helplessness, motivation, perplexity, rage, accomplishment, satisfaction and sadness. A total of 120 students participated in the study. The results indicate a wide range of feelings, with happiness, motivation and satisfaction being the most common positive ones over the three-year period, and discouragement, unpreparedness and boredom the most frequently mentioned negative feelings. There was also a strong intensity of positive feelings, and a reasonable or low intensity of negative feelings, which declined as the year progressed. Benevolence and hope were the least mentioned positive feelings, while perplexity, rage and sadness were the least predominant negative ones. These results do not match the high rate of mental disorders among medical students that is referred to the specialized literature, highlighting a need for further studies in this area, and for an enhancement of the field of practice with users of the Unified Health System during the professional training.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591511.v1
title: Stellar equilibrium and the existence of a maximum mass of stars

description: Abstract The simultaneous occurrence of Virial and hydrostatic equilibrium determine the existence of solutions for the simplest stellar models. Using these concepts we show how it is possible to characterize the end of the stellar sequence by observing the behavior of the gas and radiation pressures, and point out that the extracted value coincides, within uncertainties, with the maximum mass directly inferred for actual stars.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591505.v1
title: Web-Based Undergraduate Medical Education in a Virtual Learning Environment Using an Original Pedagogical Approach: an Observational Longitudinal Study

description: ABSTRACT Background Asynchronous Web-based Medical Education in Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) has grown steadily because of its many advantages. Various configurations and instructional methods are presently available. The existing proposals are poorly structured and/or not very effectively used for teaching diagnostic skills to undergraduate medical students in Brazil. A robust instructional method with positive pedagogical characteristics is needed. Thus, we have proposed a pedagogically-structured method for VLEs that includes a motivating initial reading (Medical Chronicle – MC), and a knowledge building program, using real cases coupled with audiovisual resources (Diagnostic Workshop – DW). We aimed to verify its acceptance, as well as the efficacy of the MC/DW method in improving the diagnostic ability of medical students, in the long term. Methods An opinion survey, two MC/DW materials and two Knowledge and Diagnostic Skills (KDS) questionnaires on stroke and epilepsy were developed, and two medical student groups were followed up in this 2013 longitudinal observational study. The students answered a KDS1, and attended a traditional lecture on one of the topics. They also accessed a VLE to apply the MC/DW method on stroke or epilepsy. We applied the same questionnaire (KDS2 and KDS3, respectively), one month and 5-6 months after the KDS1. We analyzed the mean KDS1 score of all the students, and the mean pairwise of those who accessed and those who did not access the VLEs during these three stages. An opinion survey was applied, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results 87 students participated in the study, but six were excluded as they did not answer the questionnaires. The KDS1 general mean score was 1.59 (SD0.71). We found that 66 students (81.5%) accessed the VLE, showing a significant improvement in diagnostic skills in the KDS2 (mean5.65, p&lt;0.05) and KDS3 (mean 4.57, p&lt;0.05), with non-significant variations for those who did not access it. The MC was considered at least good for 62 students (94%), with 52 students (78.8%) finding that a checklist was sufficient to clear up all their DW doubts. Conclusions The MC/DW method in VLE proved to be effective for improving the diagnostic capability of the undergraduate medical students in the long term, and it was well accepted by the students. It presents several positive pedagogical characteristics and can be replicated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591508.v1
title: Feelings of the Medical Student when in Contact with Practice

description: ABSTRACT The current medical course curricula give students opportunities to gain practical experience with the SUS (Unified Health System) and with the people who use it. This interaction is generally referred to as “early contact” with patients. This early contact generates positive and negative feelings in the students. However, few Brazilian papers have addressed this issue. The purpose of this paper is to describe the feelings experienced by medical students of a private institution in the state of São Paulo, at three important times during the course: when they begin new activities with users of the SUS (1styear), during interactions with their local community in Primary Health Care, in the medical outpatient clinic (2nd year), and during the Internship (3rd year). Demographic identification data and data on the student’s feelings were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. The latter were classified as having low, medium or high intensity. The feelings investigated were boredom, happiness, benevolence, disillusionment, discouragement, unpreparedness, empathy, hope, helplessness, motivation, perplexity, rage, accomplishment, satisfaction and sadness. A total of 120 students participated in the study. The results indicate a wide range of feelings, with happiness, motivation and satisfaction being the most common positive ones over the three-year period, and discouragement, unpreparedness and boredom the most frequently mentioned negative feelings. There was also a strong intensity of positive feelings, and a reasonable or low intensity of negative feelings, which declined as the year progressed. Benevolence and hope were the least mentioned positive feelings, while perplexity, rage and sadness were the least predominant negative ones. These results do not match the high rate of mental disorders among medical students that is referred to the specialized literature, highlighting a need for further studies in this area, and for an enhancement of the field of practice with users of the Unified Health System during the professional training.
DOI: 10.7284/115552
title: Multibeam Echosounder data collected during research cruise FK140307 using a Kongsberg EM710 instrument system onboard the platform RV Falkor

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591496
title: Density Determination of immiscible liquids by the Stevin's principle

description: Abstract This work presents a didactic sequence followed by a low cost, easy to set up and easy to operate, experimental apparatus applied to the study of hydrostatics and, particularly, of a composition of immiscible liquids like water and oil. The Stevin Principle is used to analyze density of such liquids, having density of water (ρ = 1000 kg/m3) as reference. The teacher has a fundamental role in this proposal, since he is the mediator of the whole process, allowing the construction of connections between the existing concepts in student's cognitive structure with the new themes. The physical concepts were built through an expositive class, discussing on the physical concepts, history and everyday applications, as a form to better organize the previous knowledge of the students. Finally, an integrative reconciliation was made during the experimentation, intended to better provide meaningful learning. With the results, besides the observation that, in any given recipient, lower density liquids positionate itself above higher density ones, the students also determine the densities of such liquids, obtaining values similar to those found in literature. For example, the density of soy oil was determined as 0,87 g/cm3 using the proposed experiment, against an accepted value of 0,891 g/cm3 , a difference of about 2%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591499
title: Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with active and stable thyroid eye disease

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the choroidal thickness in active and stable phases of thyroid eye disease. Methods: Forty-seven eyes of 47 patients with thyroid eye disease were prospectively studied. Patients were evaluated on the basis of their clinical activity scores, with scores 33 defined as active disease. Subfoveal, temporal macular, nasal macular, temporal peripapillary, and nasal peripapillary choroidal thickness measurements were performed with Cirrus enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and the results in the two groups were compared. Results: Twenty-four patients were int he active group, whereas 23 patients were in the stable group. Choroidal thickness was significantly higher in the subfoveal and temporal macular regions in the active group. Although the nasal macular and peripapillary values were also higher in the active group, the difference was insignificant. Conclusions: Subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly higher in patients with thyroid eye disease in the active phase than in those with stable phase disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7591502
title: Biotechnological Properties of Sponges from Northeast Brazil: Cliona varians as a Biocatalyst for Enantioselective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

description: To research the potential ability of whole marine sponges to act as biocatalysts, this paper describes for the first time the employment of whole Cliona varians sponge in the stereoselective reduction of prochiral a-keto esters and isatin to the corresponding chiral alcohols. The addition of D-fructose, D-glucose or sucrose remarkably increased the conversion ratios and stereoselectivities by this marine sponge. Furthermore, in the presence of D-glucose and D-maltose, the reduction of isatin by C. varians afforded the corresponding 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one with high conversions (85-90%) and good enantioselectivities (60-74%). These results showed that the marine sponge presents great potential to be used as biocatalyst for stereoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds.