cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1461
title: Degradation of 2,6-dimethlaniline and aniline by fenton technologies

description: Chemical compounds with aromatic amine group such as 2,6-dimethylaniline and aniline are widely used in dyestuff, rubber, pesticide and pharmaceutical industries. Both are considered toxic and carcinogenic, and therefore, the industry wastewater that are contaminated with these chemicals need to be treated prior to discharge into the environment. This research aimed to study the degradation of 2,6-dimethylaniline and aniline by Fenton technologies which are the processes that have the potential to rapidly degrade toxic and organic compounds. The Fenton processes applied were: (1) Fenton process; (2) electro-Fenton process using IrO2/RuO₂ coated titanium metal as anode and stainless steel cathode; and (3) photoelectro-Fenton process using UVA as light source. The effects of parameters such as initial pH, initial ferrous ion concentration, initial hydrogen peroxide concentration, electricity application and UVA lamps irradiation were also determined in this study. Results showed that the photoelectro-Fenton process had the highest degradation efficiency compared to Fenton and electro-Fenton processes. In the photoelectro-Fenton process, 100% removal of 2,6-dimethylaniline and 48% COD removal were achieved in 1 hour (initial pH = 3, initial Fe2+ concentration = 1 mM, initial H2O₂ concentration = 1 mM, electric current = 2 A and UVA, 4 lamps), and 100% removal of aniline and 84% COD removal were achieved in 40 minutes (initial pH = 2, initial Fe2+ concentration = 0.25 mM, initial H2O₂ concentration = 10 mM, electric current 2 A and UVA, 4 lamps). The kinetics of 2,6-dimethylaniline and aniline degradation by Fenton processes were also determined. The oxidation reactions of both chemicals were found to follow the second-order reaction rate. The photoelectro-Fenton process provided highest value of initial degradation rate of 2,6-dimethylaniline and aniline which were determined to be 0.0584 mM/min and 0.0739 mM/min, respectively. The rate constants of aniline degradation by Fenton, electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes were higher than the rate constants of 2,6-dimethylaniline degradation. The degradation pathways for 2,6-dimethylaniline and aniline were also proposed in this study.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1462
title: Voltage stability problem in a distribution system with distributed generator

description: With difficulties in building new transmission lines and power plants, due to environmental and political issues, while electricity demand is continuously increasing, it is expected that, in the near future, more distributed generations will penetrate into power systems, especially into the distribution system. As several competitive advantages of an induction generator compared to a synchronous generator such as durability, low investment cost and etc., it is possible that many of very small power producers may connect this type of generators into the distribution system. However, as we know, rather than generate reactive power, the induction generator consumes it. Thus, impact of the induction generator on voltage stability should be carefully investigated. We focus on this aspect in this thesis.Both static and dynamic analyses were performed in this thesis. In static analysis, the degree of voltage instability based on PQVSI index is used as the main tool to assess how close the present operating condition to the voltage instability point. In addition to the static analysis, the dynamic voltage stability was conducted as well. The dynamic voltage characteristics were observed, which is eventually used to verify the results obtained from the static analysis. It provides clearer and more accurate figure of the actual dynamics of voltage instability process following a disturbance in the system, which in this case is a load change. The studies indicating an unhealthy impact of induction generators on the system’s voltage stability are shown in this thesis, especially when the system is intended to serve large inductive loads. These phenomena lead to both unstable of the induction generator itself, and unstable of the entire distribution system through voltage instability. As a consequence, special treatment should be implemented in the case of utilizing induction generators in the distribution system. An example treatment in this study, which is disclosing the advantage of installing capacitor at the induction generator terminal in enhancing the utilization of the induction generator, had been presented.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1900155
title: Commissioning Experiment: Increased high resolution capabilities through the use of a fibre optics taper

description: A fibre-optics taper is a device consisting in a bundle of tapering fibre optics able to transport the light from one of its end and transmit it very efficiently and enlarged to the other end. It has been shown recently that such a device can be easily used as an add-on to an already existing neutron imaging setup and that, thanks to its magnification properties, can boost the effective spatial resolution of such a setup by a factor of 6. During this experiment we will investigate the performances of such a device under the beam conditions at IMAT and we will try to perform white beam tomographies at an unprecedented spatial resolution for the instrument.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1900155-1
title: Commissioning Experiment: Increased high resolution capabilities through the use of a fibre optics taper

description: A fibre-optics taper is a device consisting in a bundle of tapering fibre optics able to transport the light from one of its end and transmit it very efficiently and enlarged to the other end. It has been shown recently that such a device can be easily used as an add-on to an already existing neutron imaging setup and that, thanks to its magnification properties, can boost the effective spatial resolution of such a setup by a factor of 6. During this experiment we will investigate the performances of such a device under the beam conditions at IMAT and we will try to perform white beam tomographies at an unprecedented spatial resolution for the instrument.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920281
title: Inelastic Neutron Scattering (MAPS ) Studies of Mordenite Catalysts for the Carbonylation of Dimethylether

description: This proposal will measure vibrational spectra from a series of catalyst samples produced from a pilot plant reactor at Tianjin University China converting dimethylether to methylacetate. The project is supported by a Royal Society International Collaboration grant between Tianjin and Aberdeen University. Our objectives are to characterise the hydrocarbon species present in the zeolite at different stages in the catalyst lifetime. We hope to understand the reasons why the zeolite catalyst loses activity over a period of hours, and why this deactivation can be inhibited by pretreatment of the catalyst with pyridine. To obtain a full vibrational spectrum 100-4000 cm-1 we need to measure each sample on both TOSCA and MAPS.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920281-1
title: Inelastic Neutron Scattering (MAPS ) Studies of Mordenite Catalysts for the Carbonylation of Dimethylether

description: This proposal will measure vibrational spectra from a series of catalyst samples produced from a pilot plant reactor at Tianjin University China converting dimethylether to methylacetate. The project is supported by a Royal Society International Collaboration grant between Tianjin and Aberdeen University. Our objectives are to characterise the hydrocarbon species present in the zeolite at different stages in the catalyst lifetime. We hope to understand the reasons why the zeolite catalyst loses activity over a period of hours, and why this deactivation can be inhibited by pretreatment of the catalyst with pyridine. To obtain a full vibrational spectrum 100-4000 cm-1 we need to measure each sample on both TOSCA and MAPS.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920436
title: Encapsulation of perfume actives with biodegradable amphiphilic graft copolymers

description: Amphiphilic non-linear graft copolymers formed by biocompatible blocks are attractive candidates for the encapsulation of actives in several applications, such as drug delivery, food systems, and household products. We propose to investigate two sets of polymer aqueous solutions, PEG-g-PVAc and PEG-g-PVAc-PVCL, with and without encapsulated perfume molecules, through contrast-matching experiments. The goal is to elucidate properties such as the type and shape of the colloidal aggregates, the arrangement of the polymer chains, the hydration degree of the different polymer moieties, and the localization of the more or less hydrophobic perfumes in the different comparments of the polymer aggregates.The results will pave the way to a better understanding of the encapsulation properties of biodegradable amphiphilic graft copolymers.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920436-1
title: Encapsulation of perfume actives with biodegradable amphiphilic graft copolymers

description: Amphiphilic non-linear graft copolymers formed by biocompatible blocks are attractive candidates for the encapsulation of actives in several applications, such as drug delivery, food systems, and household products. We propose to investigate two sets of polymer aqueous solutions, PEG-g-PVAc and PEG-g-PVAc-PVCL, with and without encapsulated perfume molecules, through contrast-matching experiments. The goal is to elucidate properties such as the type and shape of the colloidal aggregates, the arrangement of the polymer chains, the hydration degree of the different polymer moieties, and the localization of the more or less hydrophobic perfumes in the different comparments of the polymer aggregates.The results will pave the way to a better understanding of the encapsulation properties of biodegradable amphiphilic graft copolymers.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920661
title: SANS characterization of precipitates in irradiated (RPV) steels

description: In this proposal, we ask for beam time to finish the study of the effect of dose radiation on the mechanical behaviour of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Steel used in the nuclear reactor under construction Atucha II in Argentina. RPV is a critical component in any reactor since it cannot be replaced during its whole lifetime. In service, exposure to neutrons degrades it. Irradiation damage produces precipitates due to neutron-induced displacements. We have studied the dose-rate effect on RPV embrittlement due to the precipitates. Size and distribution determine the hardening and embrittlement of the steel. We intend to resolve the morphology of the precipitates in a more representative area and with less aggressive preparation (that may change the magnetic and structural properties locally) of the sample than with TEM and to perform measurements under a magnetic field.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920661-1
title: SANS characterization of precipitates in irradiated (RPV) steels

description: In this proposal, we ask for beam time to finish the study of the effect of dose radiation on the mechanical behaviour of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Steel used in the nuclear reactor under construction Atucha II in Argentina. RPV is a critical component in any reactor since it cannot be replaced during its whole lifetime. In service, exposure to neutrons degrades it. Irradiation damage produces precipitates due to neutron-induced displacements. We have studied the dose-rate effect on RPV embrittlement due to the precipitates. Size and distribution determine the hardening and embrittlement of the steel. We intend to resolve the morphology of the precipitates in a more representative area and with less aggressive preparation (that may change the magnetic and structural properties locally) of the sample than with TEM and to perform measurements under a magnetic field.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920267
title: Cation-exchanged layered perovskite oxides

description: Ferroelectric materials (those which exhibit spontaneous and switchable electrical polarizations) have a wide range of applications. However preparing new ferroelectric materials is challenging because they are required to have a non-centrosymmetric crystal structures, which are generally disfavoured on thermodynamic grounds.We have been working of a strategy of introducing ferroelectric behaviour into phases via low-temperature cation exchange reactions. Specifically, we are exploring the cation exchange chemistry of polar Dion-Jacobson and Ruddlesden-Popper oxide phases to see if we can induce ferroelectric behaviour by modifying the collective distortions of their frameworks. We propose to collect high resolution neutron powder diffraction data from these exchanged phases, so we can determine their complex structural distortions, and thus determine the effect of cation exchange.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920267-1
title: Cation-exchanged layered perovskite oxides

description: Ferroelectric materials (those which exhibit spontaneous and switchable electrical polarizations) have a wide range of applications. However preparing new ferroelectric materials is challenging because they are required to have a non-centrosymmetric crystal structures, which are generally disfavoured on thermodynamic grounds.We have been working of a strategy of introducing ferroelectric behaviour into phases via low-temperature cation exchange reactions. Specifically, we are exploring the cation exchange chemistry of polar Dion-Jacobson and Ruddlesden-Popper oxide phases to see if we can induce ferroelectric behaviour by modifying the collective distortions of their frameworks. We propose to collect high resolution neutron powder diffraction data from these exchanged phases, so we can determine their complex structural distortions, and thus determine the effect of cation exchange.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920421
title: Structural chemistry and magnetic order of the Aurivillius material Bi2CoO2F4

description: Materials with long range ferroelectric or magnetic order are important for applications including data storage, and a current key research area in functional materials is the design and preparation of materials that combine both these properties. A family of ceramic oxides, the Aurivillius family, are well known for their ferroelectric properties and until now, attempts to introduce magnetic ions into these materials have been limited. In 2018, a new Auriivillius oxide-fluoride, Bi2CoO2F4, was reported. This is exciting because it has long-range magnetic order, and the potential to display ferroelectric properties. Neutron powder diffraction will allow us to investigate its magnetic order, as well as its structural behaviour, helping us understand its properties.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920421-1
title: Structural chemistry and magnetic order of the Aurivillius material Bi2CoO2F4

description: Materials with long range ferroelectric or magnetic order are important for applications including data storage, and a current key research area in functional materials is the design and preparation of materials that combine both these properties. A family of ceramic oxides, the Aurivillius family, are well known for their ferroelectric properties and until now, attempts to introduce magnetic ions into these materials have been limited. In 2018, a new Auriivillius oxide-fluoride, Bi2CoO2F4, was reported. This is exciting because it has long-range magnetic order, and the potential to display ferroelectric properties. Neutron powder diffraction will allow us to investigate its magnetic order, as well as its structural behaviour, helping us understand its properties.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920684
title: Direct search for high-energy excitations in ferrimagnetic CrCl2(pyz-d4)2

description: Although previous INS experiments on CrCl2(pyz)2 confirmed the magnetic origin of a weak dispersive low-energy mode below 1 meV, two major problems remain: (i) its energy scale is too low to be compatible with the ordering temperature. (ii) The weak scattering intensity does not match the high spin value of Cr(III). XAS and magnetization measurement suggest that the Cr ion and pyrazine are antiferromagnetically coupled, and density functional theory estimates the exchange coupling between them to be as high as 250 meV. Here we propose a direct search for a high energy excitation associated with this interaction. The excitation should have relatively high intensity based on the total moment sum rule. Observation of such a mode would provide strong evidence that the ferrimagnetism of CrCl2(pyz)2 is indeed due to strong antiferromagnetic exchange between chromium and pyrazine.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920733
title: Probing the ground state magnetic structure of magnetic multiferroic Fe4Nb2O9

description: Fe4Nb2O9 is a magnetic multiferroic member in the family of honeycomb antiferromagnet A4B2O9. The polycrystalline sample shows another transition around 77 K apart from the antiferromagnetic transition at 90 K in the temperature dependent dielectric permittivity study. This second transition could be the signature for a spin reorientation or structural transition. However, the origin of the magnetoelectric coupling in this type of magnetic multiferroic is still to be explored. For this investigation, it is utmost important to find out the arrangement of magnetic spins with respect to the crystal structure and for this investigation, single-crystal neutron diffraction is the most suitable probe. Hence we are proposing here to perform single-crystal neutron diffraction on Fe4Nb2O9 crystal grown using floating zone technique.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920733-1
title: Probing the ground state magnetic structure of magnetic multiferroic Fe4Nb2O9

description: Fe4Nb2O9 is a magnetic multiferroic member in the family of honeycomb antiferromagnet A4B2O9. The polycrystalline sample shows another transition around 77 K apart from the antiferromagnetic transition at 90 K in the temperature dependent dielectric permittivity study. This second transition could be the signature for a spin reorientation or structural transition. However, the origin of the magnetoelectric coupling in this type of magnetic multiferroic is still to be explored. For this investigation, it is utmost important to find out the arrangement of magnetic spins with respect to the crystal structure and for this investigation, single-crystal neutron diffraction is the most suitable probe. Hence we are proposing here to perform single-crystal neutron diffraction on Fe4Nb2O9 crystal grown using floating zone technique.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920737-1
title: Can photo-MuSR method measure carrier recombination lifetime in direct gap semiconductors?

description: In the past years we have developed a method measuring carrier recombination lifetime in semiconductors using the photo-MuSR setup in HIFI. These studies have focused on indirect semiconductors, such as Si and Ge, with excess carrier lifetimes longer than 1 microseconds. On the other hand many of the emerging semiconductors have a direct band structure, where injected carriers are funneled into the band minimum and quickly recombined typically in the order of nanoseconds. In this study we aim to apply the photo-MuSR method to these cases utilizing the upgraded DAE in HIFI. Because the experimental approach is different from the previous ones, we put this proposal in as a new submission.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920737-2
title: Can photo-MuSR method measure carrier recombination lifetime in direct gap semiconductors?

description: In the past years we have developed a method measuring carrier recombination lifetime in semiconductors using the photo-MuSR setup in HIFI. These studies have focused on indirect semiconductors, such as Si and Ge, with excess carrier lifetimes longer than 1 microseconds. On the other hand many of the emerging semiconductors have a direct band structure, where injected carriers are funneled into the band minimum and quickly recombined typically in the order of nanoseconds. In this study we aim to apply the photo-MuSR method to these cases utilizing the upgraded DAE in HIFI. Because the experimental approach is different from the previous ones, we put this proposal in as a new submission.
DOI: 10.17632/drcbghzd3j.1
title: Modified single-hair follicular unit grafting to aesthetically restore eyelashes in Asians

description: Modified single-hair follicular unit grafting to aesthetically restore eyelashes in Asians
DOI: 10.17632/kngws23nww.1
title: PPAR-GDF15
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920030
title: Magnetic properties of quadruple perovskites containing A- and B-site iron cations

description: New quadruple perovskites with nominal compositions LnFe4Ti3O12 (Ln = La, Nd) have recently been discovered through high pressure synthesis. Mössbauer spectra show that these materials are AA'3B4O12 materials where the square planar A' sites are occupied by Fe2+ cations while 25% of the octahedral B sites are occupied by Fe3+. Magnetisation data show a transition near 300 K for both materials; also a 10 K transition for Ln = La, and 50 and 12 K anomalies for Ln = Nd. We propose to collect variable temperature (4 - 300 K) neutron powder diffraction from LaFe4Ti3O12 and NdFe4Ti3O12. The POLARIS or GEM diffractometers are suitable for the study of these small samples (0.3 g) resulting from high-pressure synthesis.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920030-1
title: Magnetic properties of quadruple perovskites containing A- and B-site iron cations

description: New quadruple perovskites with nominal compositions LnFe4Ti3O12 (Ln = La, Nd) have recently been discovered through high pressure synthesis. Mössbauer spectra show that these materials are AA'3B4O12 materials where the square planar A' sites are occupied by Fe2+ cations while 25% of the octahedral B sites are occupied by Fe3+. Magnetisation data show a transition near 300 K for both materials; also a 10 K transition for Ln = La, and 50 and 12 K anomalies for Ln = Nd. We propose to collect variable temperature (4 - 300 K) neutron powder diffraction from LaFe4Ti3O12 and NdFe4Ti3O12. The POLARIS or GEM diffractometers are suitable for the study of these small samples (0.3 g) resulting from high-pressure synthesis.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920117
title: Dynamics of Ethylene Glycol based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Effect of Cations

description: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) formed from a mixture of hydrogen-bond donors and metal salts, is a novel variety of solvents that have been synthesized and studied extensively. In DES, the effects of hydrogen bond network on the macroscopic parameters of the system can be observed by studying molecular dynamics of the system with different chemical compositions which will be useful for different targeted applications. Our previous QENS study on a DES based on acetamide and lithium (cation) salts showed the dynamics of acetamide is dictated by the hydrogen bond breaking ability of the anions in the system. In this study on DES based on ethylene glycol and chloride (anion) salts, we propose to investigate the effect of cations in the DES. In conjunction with the earlier study, this experiment will help to extend our understanding about role of metal salts in properties of DES.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1920117-1
title: Dynamics of Ethylene Glycol based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Effect of Cations

description: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) formed from a mixture of hydrogen-bond donors and metal salts, is a novel variety of solvents that have been synthesized and studied extensively. In DES, the effects of hydrogen bond network on the macroscopic parameters of the system can be observed by studying molecular dynamics of the system with different chemical compositions which will be useful for different targeted applications. Our previous QENS study on a DES based on acetamide and lithium (cation) salts showed the dynamics of acetamide is dictated by the hydrogen bond breaking ability of the anions in the system. In this study on DES based on ethylene glycol and chloride (anion) salts, we propose to investigate the effect of cations in the DES. In conjunction with the earlier study, this experiment will help to extend our understanding about role of metal salts in properties of DES.