DOI: 10.5061/dryad.02v6wwq40
title: Invasive predators affect community-wide pollinator visitation

description: Disruption of plant-pollinator interactions by invasive predators is
 poorly understood but may pose a critical threat for native ecosystems. In
 a multi-year field experiment in Hawaiʻi, we suppressed abundances of
 globally invasive predators and then observed insect visitation to flowers
 of six native plant species. Three plant species are federally endangered
 (Haplostachys haplostachya, Silene lanceolata, Tetramolopium arenarium)
 and three are common throughout their range (Bidens menziesii, Dubautia
 linearis, Sida fallax). Insect visitors were primarily generalist
 pollinators, including taxa that occur worldwide such as solitary bees
 (e.g., Lasioglossum impavidum), social bees (e.g., Apis mellifera), and
 syrphid flies (e.g., Allograpta exotica). We found that suppressing
 invasive rats (Rattus rattus), mice (Mus musculus), ants (Linepithema
 humile, Tapinoma melanocephalum), and yellowjacket wasps (Vespula
 pensylvanica) had positive effects on pollinator visitation to plants in
 16 of 19 significant predator-pollinator-plant interactions. We found only
 positive effects of suppressing rats and ants, and both positive and
 negative effects of suppressing mice and yellowjacket wasps, on frequency
 of interactions between pollinators and plants. Model results predicted
 that predator eradication could increase frequency of insect visitation to
 flowering species, in some cases by &gt;90%. Previous results from the
 system showed that these flowering species produced significantly more
 seed when flowers were allowed to outcross than when flowers were bagged
 to exclude pollinators, indicating limited autogamy. Our findings
 highlight the potential benefits of suppression or eradication of invasive
 rodents, ants, and yellowjackets in order to reverse pollination
 disruption, particularly in locations with high numbers of at-risk plant
 species or already imperiled pollinator populations.
description: Ants.csv: A two-column dataset that specifies the number of ants
 at each monitoring station (column one) used for statistical analysis, in
 each plot and block of the experiment, during each half-year time period,
 with the accompanying treatment code (1-60; column 2). The treatment code
 is unique for each block/plot/half year combination. (See "Treatment
 Codes for Ant and Yellowjacket data" below.) Ants were monitored at
 all plots and blocks within the experiment.
 Rodents.csv: An 8-column dataset that specifies the plot (column
 1), block (column 2), half-year period (column 3), date of monitoring
 (column 4), monitoring station number (column 5), rat presence (column 6),
 mouse presence (column 7), and treatment code (column 8). Plot codes are
 as follows: ALL = Combined treatment plot, C = Untreated plot, R = Rodent
 treatment plot. Treatment codes for rodents do not match those for ants
 and yellowjackets, and are treated differently in the statistical code.
 Rodents were monitored at only Combined, Untreated, and Rodent treatment
 plots, across all blocks, during the experiment.
 Wasps.csv: A two-column dataset that specifies the number of
 yellowjackets at each monitoring station (column one) used for statistical
 analysis, in each plot and block of the experiment, during each half-year
 time period, with the accompanying treatment code (1-60; column 2). The
 treatment code is unique for each block/plot/half year combination. (See
 "Treatment Codes for Ant and Yellowjacket data" below.)
 Yellowjackets were monitored at all plots and blocks within the
 experiment. Pollinators.csv: A nine-column dataset the
 specifies the number of pollinator individuals within each pollinator
 group (columns 4-9) observed for each plant species (specified in column
 2), accompanied by the number of observation trials (column 3), and the
 treatment code for the plot/block/half-year combination (column 1).
 Treatment codes match those for ant and yellowjacket data. (See
 "Treatment Codes for Ant and Yellowjacket data" below.) Plant
 species are as follows: BID = <i>Bidens menziesii</i>, DUB =
 <i>Dubautia linearis</i>, HAP = <i>Haplostachys
 haplostachya</i>, SID = <i>Sida fallax</i>, SIL =
 <i>Silene lanceolata</i>, TET = <i>Tetramolopium
 arenarium</i>. Pollinator groups are as follows: APIMEL =
 <i>Apis mellifera</i>, LEPIDOPTERA = moths and butterflies of
 multiple species, NONSDIPTERAN = Non-syrphid flies of multiple species,
 NONVWASP = Non-<i>Vespula</i> wasps of multiple species,
 SOLBEE = Solitary bees of multiple species, SYRPHID = Syrphid flies of
 multiple species. The number of Trials equates to the number of times
 within a plot/block/half-year period that pollinator observations were
 performed on the specified plant species. "NA" in the
 "Trials" and all pollinator group columns indicates that no
 pollinator observations were performed on that plant species in that
 plot/block/half-year period. "0" in the pollinator group columns
 indicates that although pollinator observations were performed on the
 specified plants species in that plot/block/half-year period, no
 individuals of that pollinator group were observed.
 Treatment Codes for Ant and Yellowjacket data:
 1 = Block 1, Ant treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period
 2 = Block 1, Ant treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period
 3 = Block 1, Ant treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period
 4 = Block 2, Ant treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period
 5 = Block 2, Ant treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period
 6 = Block 2, Ant treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period
 7 = Block 3, Ant treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period
 8 = Block 3, Ant treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period
 9 = Block 3, Ant treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period
 10 = Block 4, Ant treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period
 11 = Block 4, Ant treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period
 12 = Block 4, Ant treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period
 13 = Block 1, Combined treatment Plot, 1st Half Year
 Period 14 = Block 1, Combined treatment Plot, 2nd Half
 Year Period 15 = Block 1, Combined treatment Plot, 3rd
 Half Year Period 16 = Block 2, Combined treatment Plot,
 1st Half Year Period 17 = Block 2, Combined treatment
 Plot, 2nd Half Year Period 18 = Block 2, Combined
 treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period 19 = Block 3,
 Combined treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period 20 =
 Block 3, Combined treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period
 21 = Block 3, Combined treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year
 Period 22 = Block 4, Combined treatment Plot, 1st Half
 Year Period 23 = Block 4, Combined treatment Plot, 2nd
 Half Year Period 24 = Block 4, Combined treatment Plot,
 3rd Half Year Period 25 = Block 1, Untreated Plot, 1st
 Half Year Period 26 = Block 1, Untreated Plot, 2nd Half
 Year Period 27 = Block 1, Untreated Plot, 3rd Half Year
 Period 28 = Block 2, Untreated Plot, 1st Half Year
 Period 29 = Block 2, Untreated Plot, 2nd Half Year
 Period 30 = Block 2, Untreated Plot, 3rd Half Year
 Period 31 = Block 3, Untreated Plot, 1st Half Year
 Period 32 = Block 3, Untreated Plot, 2nd Half Year
 Period 33 = Block 3, Untreated Plot, 3rd Half Year
 Period 34 = Block 4, Untreated Plot, 1st Half Year
 Period 35 = Block 4, Untreated Plot, 2nd Half Year
 Period 36 = Block 4, Untreated Plot, 3rd Half Year
 Period 37 = Block 1, Rodent treatment Plot, 1st Half
 Year Period 38 = Block 1, Rodent treatment Plot, 2nd
 Half Year Period 39 = Block 1, Rodent treatment Plot,
 3rd Half Year Period 40 = Block 2, Rodent treatment
 Plot, 1st Half Year Period 41 = Block 2, Rodent
 treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period 42 = Block 2,
 Rodent treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period 43 = Block
 3, Rodent treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period 44 =
 Block 3, Rodent treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period 45
 = Block 3, Rodent treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period
 46 = Block 4, Rodent treatment Plot, 1st Half Year
 Period 47 = Block 4, Rodent treatment Plot, 2nd Half
 Year Period 48 = Block 4, Rodent treatment Plot, 3rd
 Half Year Period 49 = Block 1, Yellowjacket treatment
 Plot, 1st Half Year Period 50 = Block 1, Yellowjacket
 treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period 51 = Block 1,
 Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period 52 =
 Block 2, Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period
 53 = Block 2, Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year
 Period 54 = Block 2, Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 3rd
 Half Year Period 55 = Block 3, Yellowjacket treatment
 Plot, 1st Half Year Period 56 = Block 3, Yellowjacket
 treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year Period 57 = Block 3,
 Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 3rd Half Year Period 58 =
 Block 4, Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 1st Half Year Period
 59 = Block 4, Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 2nd Half Year
 Period 60 = Block 4, Yellowjacket treatment Plot, 3rd
 Half Year Period