cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tg583s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 16755818 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Sturnus vulgaris",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 16755818 records from 91 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017456-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/3tpnqp
title: A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Compton, James A. (2025): A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. PhytoKeys 263: 71-114, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.158703AbstractAnemone hortensis L. was typified on a specimen with red flowers and obovate tepals cultivated in the Netherlands, originally introduced from the eastern Mediterranean. This red-flowered variant of the species has been in cultivation in northern Europe since the 16 th century and is now widely naturalised in northwest Italy and southeast and southwest France. Anemone fulgens (DC.) Rchb., also with red flowers, is shown to be a synonym of A. hortensis. Anemone pavonina Lam. is revealed to have been based on a teratological red-flowered specimen of A. hortensis with multiple tepals and is recognised here as A. hortensis var. pavonina (Lam.) Gren. and Godr. Plants across the range of the species with lanceolate, frequently lilac or purple tepals, which are often incorrectly attributed to A. pavonina, are shown to be A. hortensis var. stellata Gren. and Godr. Plants endemic to Crete and its adjacent islands, with elliptic white or pale pinkish flowers, are recognised as A. hortensis var. heldreichii (Boiss.) Halácsy. A total of 16 lectotypes and one neotype are designated, and a key to the varieties within A. hortensis is provided along with synonymic conspectuses. The new combination A. hortensis f. regina (Risso) J. Compton is made to identify plants with red or purple flowers having a zone of yellow or white at the base of each tepal, collectively forming a pale central circle within the flower.
DOI: 10.15468/unxhmh
title: Revision of the Brazilian Northeastern Cleistepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with description of six new species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Marques Jr, Wilson J., Azevedo, Celso O., Colombo, Wesley D. (2025): Revision of the Brazilian Northeastern Cleistepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5692 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.1.1AbstractThe recently revalidated genus Cleistepyris Kieffer is revised based on specimens collected in the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado), Caatinga and Atlantic Rainforest deposited in the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA). A total of 16 species are recognized, ten of which correspond to previously described species: C. clypeatus (Leal & Azevedo), C. inca (Evans), C. megaventris (Azevedo & Batista), C. neotropicus (Evans), C. ocullatus (Azevedo & Batista), C. paraensis (Kieffer), C. quadratus (Evans), C. quelatus (Ramos, Araújo & Azevedo), C. spinipes (Evans), and C. santacatarinae (Evans). In addition, six new species are described and illustrated: C. awaguaja Marques, Azevedo & Colombo, sp. nov., C. guajajara Marques, Azevedo & Colombo, sp. nov., C. kanela Marques, Azevedo & Colombo, sp. nov., C. piripiri Marques, Azevedo & Colombo, sp. nov., C. tenetehara Marques, Azevedo & Colombo, sp. nov., and C. tremembe Marques, Azevedo & Colombo, sp. nov. A taxonomic key is provided for all species included in this study. The morphology of the genus is discussed, emphasizing species diagnostic characters, particularly those of the male genitalia, based on aedeagus, dorsal margin of cuspis and harpe. Distributional data are also presented, contributing to a better understanding of the biogeography of Cleistepyris in the Neotropical region and Brazilian ecosystems. The results reveal significant morphological variation, mostly in the male genitalia suggesting the potential for future taxonomic refinement with a narrow focus the group, including the possible recognition of new genera.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286580
title: ANGREN HUDUDI MISOLIDA KO'CHKILARNING RIVOJLANISHIGA SABAB BO'LADIGAN ZAMONAVIY OMILLAR

description: Maqolada Angren hududida ko‘chki jarayonlarining rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi tabiiy va antropogen omillar kompleks yondashuvda tahlil qilinadi. Hududning litologik tarkibi, geomorfologik sharoiti, gidrogeologik rejimi va seysmik faolligi ko‘chki rivojlanishining “tabiiy bazasi” sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. So‘nggi yillardagi iqlimiy tendensiyalar (kuchli yog‘inlar intensivligining ortishi), ochiq konchilik (karer qiyaliklari, portlatish, ag‘darmalar), yo‘l va urbanizatsiya jarayonlarining ko‘chki faolligiga ta’siri baholanadi. Shuningdek, GIS, masofadan zondlash (InSAR/optik) va geodezik monitoring asosida ko‘chki xavfini baholash hamda boshqarish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beriladi.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286581
title: ANGREN HUDUDI MISOLIDA KO'CHKILARNING RIVOJLANISHIGA SABAB BO'LADIGAN ZAMONAVIY OMILLAR

description: Maqolada Angren hududida ko‘chki jarayonlarining rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi tabiiy va antropogen omillar kompleks yondashuvda tahlil qilinadi. Hududning litologik tarkibi, geomorfologik sharoiti, gidrogeologik rejimi va seysmik faolligi ko‘chki rivojlanishining “tabiiy bazasi” sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. So‘nggi yillardagi iqlimiy tendensiyalar (kuchli yog‘inlar intensivligining ortishi), ochiq konchilik (karer qiyaliklari, portlatish, ag‘darmalar), yo‘l va urbanizatsiya jarayonlarining ko‘chki faolligiga ta’siri baholanadi. Shuningdek, GIS, masofadan zondlash (InSAR/optik) va geodezik monitoring asosida ko‘chki xavfini baholash hamda boshqarish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beriladi.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17387736
title: Dataset & Experimental Results

description: > **⚠️ For IEEE Access Reviewers**>> Here are the examples mentioned in the paper:>> - System Prompt for all experiments in dataset/system_prompt/system_prompt.pdf> - Dataset Prompt Comparison in datasets/prompt_comparison/prompt_comparison.pdf> - Test Ratio Sensitivity Analysis in datasets/test_ratio_sensitivity/test_ratio_sensitivity.pdf> - RQ2 Error Pattern Scripts & Data in datasets/code_contest_error_analysis> - RQ2 Difficulty Analysis in results/rq2_qualitative_analysis/summary/summary.pdf

> - Code Contest dataset transformation in datasets/code_contest_transformation/code_contest_transformation.pdf

This repository contains the experimental data and analysis for a research study demonstrating how **Test-Driven Prompting (TDP)** significantly improves AI code generation across multiple programming languages and difficulty levels. All experimental data, statistical analysis, and qualitative comparisons are included.

## What is Test-Driven Prompting?

Instead of just asking an AI to write code, Test-Driven Prompting includes example test cases in the prompt. This helps the AI understand exactly what the code should do, similar to how human programmers use test-driven development.

![alt text](methodology_overview.png)

## Key Findings

Our study tested 8 different AI models (GPT-4, Claude, Qwen) on 3 programming benchmarks and found:

- 🎯 **Universal Improvement**: TDP worked better in 100% of test cases (16/16 model-dataset combinations)- 📈 **Significant Gains**: Average 6.09% improvement in code generation success rates, statistical results: (95% CI: [4.01, 8.18], p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 1.08)- 🚀 **Efficiency Boost**: Smaller AI models with TDP can outperform larger models using normal prompts- 💡 **Biggest Impact**: Most helpful for problems with unclear or implicit requirements

The findings suggest that including test cases in your prompts to AI coding assistants can significantly improve the quality of generated code, especially for complex or ambiguous programming tasks.

## Authors

**Muhammad Rizqullah** (mrizqullah@stu.kau.edu.sa) and **Emad Albassam** (ealbassam@kau.edu.sa)Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author: Muhammad Rizqullah. Any enquiries about the research should be directed to him.*

## Publication Status

This research is currently under review at [IEEE Access](https://ieeeaccess.ieee.org/), a Scopus Q2 and Web of Science SCIE Q2 journal with an Impact Factor of 3.6.

## Repository Structure

- `datasets/` - Programming problems and test cases from HumanEval, MBPP, and Code Contests- `raw_results/` - Complete experimental results for each AI model and dataset combination- `results/` - Statistical analysis and comparison reports- `abstract/` - Academic paper abstract with statistical findings

## Source Code Availability

Source code of the experimentation framework is available here: https://github.com/madnanrizqu/model-agnostic-empirical-evaluation-of-test-driven-prompt-engineering
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286428
title: Dataset & Experimental Results

description: > **⚠️ For IEEE Access Reviewers**>> Here are the examples mentioned in the paper:>> - System Prompt for all experiments in dataset/system_prompt/system_prompt.pdf> - Dataset Prompt Comparison in datasets/prompt_comparison/prompt_comparison.pdf> - Test Ratio Sensitivity Analysis in datasets/test_ratio_sensitivity/test_ratio_sensitivity.pdf> - RQ2 Error Pattern Scripts & Data in datasets/code_contest_error_analysis> - RQ2 Difficulty Analysis in results/rq2_qualitative_analysis/summary/summary.pdf

> - Code Contest dataset transformation in datasets/code_contest_transformation/code_contest_transformation.pdf

This repository contains the experimental data and analysis for a research study demonstrating how **Test-Driven Prompting (TDP)** significantly improves AI code generation across multiple programming languages and difficulty levels. All experimental data, statistical analysis, and qualitative comparisons are included.

## What is Test-Driven Prompting?

Instead of just asking an AI to write code, Test-Driven Prompting includes example test cases in the prompt. This helps the AI understand exactly what the code should do, similar to how human programmers use test-driven development.

![alt text](methodology_overview.png)

## Key Findings

Our study tested 8 different AI models (GPT-4, Claude, Qwen) on 3 programming benchmarks and found:

- 🎯 **Universal Improvement**: TDP worked better in 100% of test cases (16/16 model-dataset combinations)- 📈 **Significant Gains**: Average 6.09% improvement in code generation success rates, statistical results: (95% CI: [4.01, 8.18], p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 1.08)- 🚀 **Efficiency Boost**: Smaller AI models with TDP can outperform larger models using normal prompts- 💡 **Biggest Impact**: Most helpful for problems with unclear or implicit requirements

The findings suggest that including test cases in your prompts to AI coding assistants can significantly improve the quality of generated code, especially for complex or ambiguous programming tasks.

## Authors

**Muhammad Rizqullah** (mrizqullah@stu.kau.edu.sa) and **Emad Albassam** (ealbassam@kau.edu.sa)Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author: Muhammad Rizqullah. Any enquiries about the research should be directed to him.*

## Publication Status

This research is currently under review at [IEEE Access](https://ieeeaccess.ieee.org/), a Scopus Q2 and Web of Science SCIE Q2 journal with an Impact Factor of 3.6.

## Repository Structure

- `datasets/` - Programming problems and test cases from HumanEval, MBPP, and Code Contests- `raw_results/` - Complete experimental results for each AI model and dataset combination- `results/` - Statistical analysis and comparison reports- `abstract/` - Academic paper abstract with statistical findings

## Source Code Availability

Source code of the experimentation framework is available here: https://github.com/madnanrizqu/model-agnostic-empirical-evaluation-of-test-driven-prompt-engineering
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286588
title: Matelea hispida (Hook. & Arn.) Bacigalupo. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286589
title: Matelea hispida (Hook. & Arn.) Bacigalupo. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.15468/67h9d4
title: The genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) in the flora of Central Africa (D. R. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Meerts, Pierre (2023): The genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) in the flora of Central Africa (D. R. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi). Phytotaxa 594 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.1AbstractThe revision of the genus Clerodendrum in D.R. Congo, Rwanda and Burundi is presented. Thirty-three taxa are accepted (28 species, 4 varieties, 1 form). Two new varieties are described (Clerodendrum capitatum var. pubitubum, Clerodendrum johnstonii var. rubropunctatum). Two new synonyms are proposed. A neotype is designated for C. buchneri, C. buettneri, C. fuscum, C. melanocrater, C. poggei. A lectotype is designated for C. bipindense, C. cavum, C. conglobatum, C. consors, C. excavatum, C. goossensii, C. lupakense, C. tanganyikense var. microcalyx, C. triplinerve, C. welwitschii. A second-step lectotype is designated for C. silvanum. A new combination is made (Clerodendrum johnstonii var. marsabitense). Two species are new to D.R. Congo and 2 species are new to Burundi. Four taxa are endemic to D.R. Congo (C. capitatum var. vanderystii, C. capitatum var. pubitubum, C. dewittei, C. pynaertii) and one taxon is endemic to Burundi (C. fasciculatum).
DOI: 10.15468/e5k344
title: Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4AbstractA taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904 is presented. A new species, Euodynerus gaya sp. nov., is described from Niger, new synonymies are proposed for Euodynerus niloticus (de Saussure, 1855) (= Odynerus ebneri von Schulthess, 1921 syn. nov., Odynerus meyeri var. palestinensis von Schulthess, 1928 syn. nov., Pseudepipona nilotica saudita Giordani Soika, 1957 syn. nov.) and Euodynerus semiaethiopicus (Giordani Soika, 1943) (= Euodynerus albomaculatus Gusenleitner, 2000 syn. nov.), and Euodynerus fabulosus Giordani Soika, 1979 is transferred to Knemodynerus Blüthgen, 1940 (Knemodynerus fabulosus comb. nov.). A key to all known species is provided.
DOI: 10.15468/7acm3k
title: A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Li, Jing-chao, Liu, Jian-quan, Gao, Xin-fen (2022): A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae). European Journal of Taxonomy 853: 1-127, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019Abstract. A revision of the wild species in the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) is presented based on numerical analyses and specimens from herbaria around the world, while cultivated species such as Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. are not included because of their complicated domestication history. Infra- and interspecific morphological variation and species delimitation are clarified based on Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Cluster Analyses (UPGMA). We found that several morphological characters traditionally used to distinguish species have limited taxonomic value because of high phenotypic variation or plasticity. There is a substantial conflict between traditional morphological and genetic taxonomic concepts, and as a result species lineages are often morphologically indistinguishable. None of the analyses supports the recognition of infraspecific categories in Malus transitoria (Batalin) C.K.Schneid. and interspecific categories between Malus doumeri (Bois) A.Chev. and Malus leiocalyca S.Z.Huang. Based on our analyses, we recognize 26 wild species in the genus, and propose seven new synonymies.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286596
title: Matricaria L. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286597
title: Matricaria L. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286606
title: Matricaria chamomilla L. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286607
title: Matricaria chamomilla L. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.15468/tqjz5a
title: Nomenclatural spring cleaning: tidying Aphelinidae of taxa that do not spark joy, and a new species of Prococcobius Hayat (Aphelinidae: Coccophaginae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Kresslein, Robert L., Polaszek, Andrew, Burks, Roger A., Mottern, Jason L., Lahey, Zachary, Heraty, John M. (2025): Nomenclatural spring cleaning: tidying Aphelinidae of taxa that do not spark joy, and a new species of Prococcobius Hayat (Aphelinidae: Coccophaginae). Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12): 609-653, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2436124ABSTRACTARTICLE HISTORY Received 19 April 2024 Accepted 21 November 2024Family, tribal and generic concepts of some taxa within, or historically associated with, Aphelinidae are revised. At the family level, we transfer Noyesaphytis from Aphelinidae to Azotidae, and we remove Encarsia gallicola and Encarsia metallica from Encarsia and place them in Galeopsomyia (Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) as nomina dubia. At the subfamily level, we synonymise Eriaphytinae with Coccophaginae and retain Eriaphytini as a tribe therein. At the tribal level, we revive the status of Prospaltellini and establish the tribes Euxanthellini trib. n. and Prococcophagini trib. n. all within Coccophaginae. At the generic level, we revive the status of Euxanthellus stat. rev. and Prococcophagus stat. rev. In addition, we propose the following new generic synonymies: Allomymar syn. n. as a junior synonym of Encarsia, Prophyscus syn. n. as a junior synonym of Coccobius, and Metanthemus syn. n. as a junior synonym of Eretmocerus. Additionally, Coccobius desantisi, Oenrobia kinabaluensis and Timberlakiella applanatonervus are redescribed, and the holotype of Eretmocerus aureus comb. n. is photographed for the first time. Phtuaria and Verekia are treated as incertae sedis within Chalcidoidea, and Encarsia orangae is regarded as a nomen nudum due to the lack of an original description or type depository. Encarsia taitae is treated as a nomen dubium. A new species, Prococcobius platycephala sp. n. is described from South Africa.KEYWORDSChalcidoidea; parasitoid; taxonomy; Azotidae; Sternorrynchahttp://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E03B39C4-275E-4BA2-9FAC-654A3C35844A[W] hen tidying, the key is to pick up each object one at a time, and ask yourself quietly, “Does this spark joy?” — Marie Kondo
DOI: 10.15468/5z67bh
title: Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical genus Pseudagris de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with description of four new species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Selis, Marco (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical genus Pseudagris de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with description of four new species. Zootaxa 5315 (3): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.3.1AbstractThe Afrotropical genus Pseudagris de Saussure, 1863 is revised. Four new species, Pseudagris apicalis sp. nov., Pseudagris nigrithorax sp. nov., Pseudagris nigrorufa sp. nov., and Pseudagris tanzanica sp. nov., are described. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Pseudagris versicolor (von Schulthess, 1914) = Synagris versicolor var. meade-waldoi Maidl, 1914 syn. nov.; Pseudagris tessmanniana (von Schulthess, 1913) stat. rev. et comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy. Lectotypes for Synagris aterrima Maidl, 1914 and Synagris versicolor von Schulthess, 1914 are designated. The males of Pseudagris brunnea Gusenleitner, 2007 and Pseudagris carinata (de Saussure, 1863), and the female of P. pygmaea Gusenleitner, 1998 are described for the first time. A key to the species is provided.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286608
title: Matricaria nigellifolia DC. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286609
title: Matricaria nigellifolia DC. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:49
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18286604
title: ЛЕЧЕНИЕ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОГО РИНИТА У ДЕТЕЙ

description:  В статье описывается современный взгляд на местное лечение аллергического ринита (АР). Сегодня в мире отмечается рост заболеваемости АР, распространенность его в разных странах мира колеблется от 4% до 32% населения, в Узбекистане – 10-24%. Чаще всего заболевание дебютирует в первой половине жизни. АР часто ассоциирован с бронхиальной астмой, которая выявляется у 15-38% пациентов с АР. В последнее время внимание исследователей приковано к местному АР, который диагностируется у больных с отрицательными кожными и сывороточными тестами, когда АР подтверждается провокационными пробами со значимыми для больного аллергенами с обнаружением специфических IgE в носовой полости. При проведении местной терапии для элиминации аллергенов и восстановления защитной роли эпителиальных барьеров используют назальные спреи, коротким курсом назначают деконгестанты, для купирования аллергического воспаления применяют топические антигистаминные препараты. Основными препаратами для лечения АР среднетяжелого и тяжелого течения остаются топические глюко- кортикостероиды: мометазона фуроат, азеластин, флутиказона фуроат, флутиказона пропионат, беклометазона дипропионат и будесонид. Хороший эффект при лечении инфекционно-аллергического ринита получен при применении солевых растворов.