cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326591
title: Argumentation in the teaching of electrical circuits by applying active learning

description: Learning electric circuits is a fundamental aspect of engineering training and students have difficulty understanding these basic concepts. For this, physics education research has developed strategies that promote argumentation and conceptual understanding. This research explores students’ argumentation dynamics when learning electric circuits in an electricity and magnetism introductory course for engineering implemented in a student-centered learning environment, where Peer Instruction and Cognitive Scaffolding Activities occur. The research uses a naturalistic observation. The results show that students have difficulties and previous conceptions that, through argumentation, they modify to reach a correct conclusion. One of the main differences is that, during peer instruction, the discussion dynamics occur in groups with a larger number of students. In contrast, in cognitive scaffolding activities, the discussion dynamics occur in small teams. This research’s main finding is that implementing strategies that promote argumentation causes students to achieve a deep conceptual understanding of electric circuits and develop their ability to analyze circuits rather than apply memorized rules. The conclusion is that, with these strategies, argumentation happens at four levels, in the student’s mind, in small teams, in the learning community, and with the whole group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326591.v1
title: Argumentation in the teaching of electrical circuits by applying active learning

description: Learning electric circuits is a fundamental aspect of engineering training and students have difficulty understanding these basic concepts. For this, physics education research has developed strategies that promote argumentation and conceptual understanding. This research explores students’ argumentation dynamics when learning electric circuits in an electricity and magnetism introductory course for engineering implemented in a student-centered learning environment, where Peer Instruction and Cognitive Scaffolding Activities occur. The research uses a naturalistic observation. The results show that students have difficulties and previous conceptions that, through argumentation, they modify to reach a correct conclusion. One of the main differences is that, during peer instruction, the discussion dynamics occur in groups with a larger number of students. In contrast, in cognitive scaffolding activities, the discussion dynamics occur in small teams. This research’s main finding is that implementing strategies that promote argumentation causes students to achieve a deep conceptual understanding of electric circuits and develop their ability to analyze circuits rather than apply memorized rules. The conclusion is that, with these strategies, argumentation happens at four levels, in the student’s mind, in small teams, in the learning community, and with the whole group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326592.v1
title: Vertical Model Rocket Movement: Trajectory Equations and Graphical Analysis

description: This work describes the differential equations of motion and the respective solutions for speed v(t) and altitude y(t) as a function of time, relative to a rocket that follows a vertical trajectory in an upward motion were described. Four models are considered: in the first, the drag force of the air is neglected; in the second it is considered a linear drag force with speed; in the third and fourth models it is considered that the drag force is proportional to the square of the speed. The third model is distinguished by considering the total mass of a rocket constant. In the fourth model, a complete solution is presented, considering that the mass decreases linearly with time. To test these models, the experimental flight of the Epsilon-8 model rocket from the UFPR Carl Sagan Rocket Group was used. Experimental parameters related to the thrust curve as a function of the Epsilon-8 time (static test) were used, in which from the model rocket mass variation rate it was possible to obtain the rate of exhaust of the gases expelled in the engine. The third and fourth models, since they are more realistic, were used to adjust the experimental curve for v(t) and y(t). The third model, although it has an approximate solution, proves to be reasonable in the prediction of the peak, with an error of 8.6%. The fourth model, being the most complete, predicts the peak with an error of only 1.5% precisely in the time of the experimental peak.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326592
title: Vertical Model Rocket Movement: Trajectory Equations and Graphical Analysis

description: This work describes the differential equations of motion and the respective solutions for speed v(t) and altitude y(t) as a function of time, relative to a rocket that follows a vertical trajectory in an upward motion were described. Four models are considered: in the first, the drag force of the air is neglected; in the second it is considered a linear drag force with speed; in the third and fourth models it is considered that the drag force is proportional to the square of the speed. The third model is distinguished by considering the total mass of a rocket constant. In the fourth model, a complete solution is presented, considering that the mass decreases linearly with time. To test these models, the experimental flight of the Epsilon-8 model rocket from the UFPR Carl Sagan Rocket Group was used. Experimental parameters related to the thrust curve as a function of the Epsilon-8 time (static test) were used, in which from the model rocket mass variation rate it was possible to obtain the rate of exhaust of the gases expelled in the engine. The third and fourth models, since they are more realistic, were used to adjust the experimental curve for v(t) and y(t). The third model, although it has an approximate solution, proves to be reasonable in the prediction of the peak, with an error of 8.6%. The fourth model, being the most complete, predicts the peak with an error of only 1.5% precisely in the time of the experimental peak.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326595
title: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Physical concepts and experimental processes

description: Nature and processes involving charged particles, such as electrons and protons, are extensively studied by high school students and in undergraduate courses. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy technique, for example, is developed from physical phenomena of photon and matter interaction. This analytical technique is increasingly used in the characterization of terrestrial rocks, in space missions to Mars, as well as in meteorite analysis. Thus, the objective of this work is to present in a synthesized and simple way the concepts of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Thus, it is not part of the proposal to have a detailed deepening of the technique, and for greater specificities, readers will be able to obtain through complementary materials and with the assistance of more specialized technicians in the equipment of interest. Finally, some spectra obtained through the use of the technique on a Martian meteorite will be presented and the results briefly explained. It is hoped that this will serve as initial and support material for students who are beginning to develop scientific interests and are looking for alternative techniques for their research, such as the connection between physical concepts and their applicability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326595.v1
title: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Physical concepts and experimental processes

description: Nature and processes involving charged particles, such as electrons and protons, are extensively studied by high school students and in undergraduate courses. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy technique, for example, is developed from physical phenomena of photon and matter interaction. This analytical technique is increasingly used in the characterization of terrestrial rocks, in space missions to Mars, as well as in meteorite analysis. Thus, the objective of this work is to present in a synthesized and simple way the concepts of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Thus, it is not part of the proposal to have a detailed deepening of the technique, and for greater specificities, readers will be able to obtain through complementary materials and with the assistance of more specialized technicians in the equipment of interest. Finally, some spectra obtained through the use of the technique on a Martian meteorite will be presented and the results briefly explained. It is hoped that this will serve as initial and support material for students who are beginning to develop scientific interests and are looking for alternative techniques for their research, such as the connection between physical concepts and their applicability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326598.v1
title: Different Conceptions of Wave-Particle Duality: A didactic proposal built from excerpts from primary sources of Quantum Theory

description: Many researchers argue that it is not possible to teach Quantum Physics without teaching at least a little of history of Quantum Physics. The literature, however, points out that the textbook narratives differ in different directions from the primary sources, and they reduce the complexity of the nature of science to a mythological view of scientific practice. On the other hand, reading the original texts without any direction, or even reading the historiographical books, can be very difficult. We argue that a possibility to enrich the teaching of Quantum Physics is to provide the student with contact with the original works, as long as we do not lose sight of the didactic purpose of such a meeting. Seeking to contribute to this proposal, we present a didactic text, aimed to be presented to undergraduate students, on the wave-particle duality, composed of a selection of excerpts from primary sources of Quantum Physics and a set of questions to guide the reading. Throughout the article, we present the theoretical frameworks that guided the construction of the didactic material and, in the body of the text, we comment on the proposed questions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326597.v1
title: The Inertia of Mass and the Newtonian Force

description: In this paper a relation between inertia of mass and force is presented. In educational contexts, the inertia is generally associated with momentum and energy. However, a direct connection between inertia and force can be also verified in a simple instance of collision. The description of this situation, from the action-reaction pair forces perspective, enlarges the meaning of inertia and highlights the coherence of Newtonian mechanics and the interrelation between concepts and their three laws.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326598
title: Different Conceptions of Wave-Particle Duality: A didactic proposal built from excerpts from primary sources of Quantum Theory

description: Many researchers argue that it is not possible to teach Quantum Physics without teaching at least a little of history of Quantum Physics. The literature, however, points out that the textbook narratives differ in different directions from the primary sources, and they reduce the complexity of the nature of science to a mythological view of scientific practice. On the other hand, reading the original texts without any direction, or even reading the historiographical books, can be very difficult. We argue that a possibility to enrich the teaching of Quantum Physics is to provide the student with contact with the original works, as long as we do not lose sight of the didactic purpose of such a meeting. Seeking to contribute to this proposal, we present a didactic text, aimed to be presented to undergraduate students, on the wave-particle duality, composed of a selection of excerpts from primary sources of Quantum Physics and a set of questions to guide the reading. Throughout the article, we present the theoretical frameworks that guided the construction of the didactic material and, in the body of the text, we comment on the proposed questions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326597
title: The Inertia of Mass and the Newtonian Force

description: In this paper a relation between inertia of mass and force is presented. In educational contexts, the inertia is generally associated with momentum and energy. However, a direct connection between inertia and force can be also verified in a simple instance of collision. The description of this situation, from the action-reaction pair forces perspective, enlarges the meaning of inertia and highlights the coherence of Newtonian mechanics and the interrelation between concepts and their three laws.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268519
title: Using a digital scale as a densimeter and its application for solids and liquids

description: In this work we show how a low cost digital scale and some simple devices such as beaker, support, wires, cord, plastic bag and water can be used to measure the density of solids and liquids. The proposed mounting can be done simply, quickly and cheaply. The physical principles used and the mathematical equations involved are presented in a simple and didactic way, what makes it possible to use the ideas presented in different environments such as classrooms, teaching laboratories or even at home. Despite the simplicity, the precision and accuracy of the measurements are not lost. As an example, we illustrate its use in determining the density of various materials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268519.v1
title: Using a digital scale as a densimeter and its application for solids and liquids

description: In this work we show how a low cost digital scale and some simple devices such as beaker, support, wires, cord, plastic bag and water can be used to measure the density of solids and liquids. The proposed mounting can be done simply, quickly and cheaply. The physical principles used and the mathematical equations involved are presented in a simple and didactic way, what makes it possible to use the ideas presented in different environments such as classrooms, teaching laboratories or even at home. Despite the simplicity, the precision and accuracy of the measurements are not lost. As an example, we illustrate its use in determining the density of various materials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326601.v1
title: Low-cost experiment for measuring energy dissipation on a pendulum

description: In this paper we present an acquisition system of time intervals and estimates of velocity by infrared light sensors connected to Arduíno board. Because of precision in time measurements, which present uncertainty in time on the order of 10−4s, we are able to determine the damping ratio for pendulum produced by air friction in a small angles regime. We studied the physical system formed by a small glass bottle suspended by a wire. This system was modeled as different pendulum kinds, e. g., compound pendulum, simple pendulum and damped pendulum, where we discuss about validity limits of these models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326601
title: Low-cost experiment for measuring energy dissipation on a pendulum

description: In this paper we present an acquisition system of time intervals and estimates of velocity by infrared light sensors connected to Arduíno board. Because of precision in time measurements, which present uncertainty in time on the order of 10−4s, we are able to determine the damping ratio for pendulum produced by air friction in a small angles regime. We studied the physical system formed by a small glass bottle suspended by a wire. This system was modeled as different pendulum kinds, e. g., compound pendulum, simple pendulum and damped pendulum, where we discuss about validity limits of these models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326603.v1
title: Arduino based digital luxmeter for didactical laboratory use

description: This work aimed the construction of a luxmeter using a photodetector/light to frequency converter (LTF) and Arduino platform. The execution steps consisted on developing the communication and control programming code between photodetector and Arduino, manufacturing a homemade printed circuit board and finishing the assembled luxmeter with the insertion of buttons, display and all other electronic components in a Patola® box. The built luxmeter was used in three didactic experiments carried out in the undergraduate laboratory discipline of Physics and Engineering courses whose studied topic is Optics. The performed measurements demonstrated that the luxmeter meets the laboratory’s needs when replacing commercial equipments that are currently in use.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326603
title: Arduino based digital luxmeter for didactical laboratory use

description: This work aimed the construction of a luxmeter using a photodetector/light to frequency converter (LTF) and Arduino platform. The execution steps consisted on developing the communication and control programming code between photodetector and Arduino, manufacturing a homemade printed circuit board and finishing the assembled luxmeter with the insertion of buttons, display and all other electronic components in a Patola® box. The built luxmeter was used in three didactic experiments carried out in the undergraduate laboratory discipline of Physics and Engineering courses whose studied topic is Optics. The performed measurements demonstrated that the luxmeter meets the laboratory’s needs when replacing commercial equipments that are currently in use.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326604
title: Simulation of the Greenhouse Effect, intensification of the Greenhouse Effect by the presence of CO2 and of the impact of the change in the Earth’s coverage on the average temperature of the medium using Arduino

description: In this work we present the development of a didactic set for the simulation of the greenhouse effect, intensification of the greenhouse effect and study of the influence of changes in the Earth’s cover on the average temperature of the environment. The idea originated in the face of the scarcity of experiments capable of demonstrating the physical phenomena present in the study of these themes, which are important both from a scientific point of view and from common sense. The built equipment consists of two inert environments delimited by glass domes and inside them are installed temperature and pressure sensors controlled by Arduino. Both domes are irradiated by electromagnetic waves of the same intensity and the temperature curves as a function of time are presented simultaneously on the computer screen by the Arduino (IDE) software. One of the environments is connected to a gas cylinder, which has the function of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. Another demonstration presented is the variation of albedo with the change in surface coverage at the mean temperature of the medium. We conclude that this equipment is an important experimental tool to assist physics teachers in the study of various topics, making their classes attractive and interactive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326604.v1
title: Simulation of the Greenhouse Effect, intensification of the Greenhouse Effect by the presence of CO2 and of the impact of the change in the Earth’s coverage on the average temperature of the medium using Arduino

description: In this work we present the development of a didactic set for the simulation of the greenhouse effect, intensification of the greenhouse effect and study of the influence of changes in the Earth’s cover on the average temperature of the environment. The idea originated in the face of the scarcity of experiments capable of demonstrating the physical phenomena present in the study of these themes, which are important both from a scientific point of view and from common sense. The built equipment consists of two inert environments delimited by glass domes and inside them are installed temperature and pressure sensors controlled by Arduino. Both domes are irradiated by electromagnetic waves of the same intensity and the temperature curves as a function of time are presented simultaneously on the computer screen by the Arduino (IDE) software. One of the environments is connected to a gas cylinder, which has the function of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. Another demonstration presented is the variation of albedo with the change in surface coverage at the mean temperature of the medium. We conclude that this equipment is an important experimental tool to assist physics teachers in the study of various topics, making their classes attractive and interactive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268556
title: Magnet movement when sliding on an inclined aluminum plane

description: A variation of the well-known drop of a neodymium – iron – boron magnet inside a tube of non-magnetic conductive material is presented in this work; the magnet removed from a movement mechanism of the recording and reading arm of a hard disk is placed to slide through an aluminium ramp placed close to the vertical. This configuration has the great advantage of being able to be seen by a (eventually) large audience; energy transformations are simple enough to be dealt with in medium level school physics courses. The treatment given to this teaching activity, appropriate to the medium level of teaching Physics, or even introductory higher education, involves the exploration of principles related to energy conservation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326607
title: Use of the Python Uncertainties Module in the calculation of experimental uncertainties of the potential difference and electric current of an experimental prototype

description: In this article, the Python Uncertainties Module was used in the development of the codes to perform the calculations of experimental uncertainties, both for the potential difference and for the electric currents. For this purpose, an experimental prototype was developed that demonstrates the photovoltaic effect from the use of low-cost materials and, therefore, with the objective of observing and quantifying the referred physical quantities involved. In addition, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the photovoltaic effect was carried out, as well as of Ohm’s First Law. In this perspective, the prototype was associated with a multimeter, that allowed direct measurement of the potential difference, whose main value was (0,4558 ± 0,0004) V, when a laser beam was focused on a photodiode present in a 2N3055 transistor, but also the values of the electric currents, the main values being (81,7100 ± 0,1118) μA and (1,9990 ± 0,0320) μA, when the ohmic resistors of 1,0 kΩ and 220,0 kΩ were used, respectively. Finally, it is important to note that this article proposal aims at the annexation of physical computing in school routine, as well as promoting scientific awakening in the manufacture of specific instruments for teaching and learning physics.