cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195066.v1
title: Elective Educational Unit: International Exchange Experience in Undergraduate Medical Training

description: ABSTRACT As part of the integrated curriculum, the Elective Educational Unity (EEU) is a tool to support knowledge construction and student autonomy during undergraduate training. The international exchange for undergraduates therefore aims to explore potentialities and challenges within a pedagogical perspective through the experience and understanding ofdiverse educational institutions and health services, through prolonged contact with other professionals and students. One constructive strategy of an elective internship is in conjunction with student associations. This report intends to contribute to medical education by reflecting on how the international elective internship impacts on medical training, analysing its potentialities and challenges. The reportaddresses the steps in accomplishing the exchange, presenting the activities developed in the experience, highlightingthe observed objectives and results, along with reflections on the experience. It is ascertained that the international exchange stimulates the experience, recognition and understanding of other cultures; it helps students build autonomy and stimulates a critical reflexive view which promotes knowledge construction, raising the student’s awareness of his own social responsibility as a health professional. Therefore, the Elective Educational Unit encourages the student to elect the exchange as a curricular activity, it supports him on choosing a study area and international or national institution of interest, with the option to liaise with other organizations, for example the student organization. Unquestionably, personal growth is one of the consequences through learning about diversecultures and making new friendships and partnerships between different countries. However, there are challenges, such as adaptation to another cultural context, affective detachment and the understanding that different places have distinct historical, social, economic contexts from one another. Thus, advances and changes are proposed to improve the Elective Educational Unit, stimulating greater student participation in international experiences during undergraduate training, as well as underlining the importance of the supervisor’s role in the elective planning process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195075.v1
title: Growth, antioxidant system, and immunological status of shrimp in bioflocs and clear water culture systems

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the traditional culture system in clear water and of the one in microbial flocs on the antioxidant and immunological status of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Samples (gill, hemolymph, and hepatopancreas) were collected on days 15, 30, and 60 of the experimental period. The following immunological parameters were analyzed at each evaluation time: granular and hyaline hemocytes, total protein, and apoptosis. Assays on glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity and on the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also performed. The evaluated immunological parameters did not differ significantly between treatments. Shrimp reared in clear water showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the gills and of GCL activity in the hemolymph on days 15 and 30. Shrimp in microbial floc had a higher survival rate, and the water did not have to be renewed during the experimental period. The microbial floc system improves production levels and provides a healthier culture environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195078
title: Human Metabolism of the Anabolic Steroid Methasterone: Detection and Kinetic Excretion of New Phase I Urinary Metabolites and Investigation of Phase II Metabolism by GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS

description: Methasterone is a designer anabolic steroid that is prohibited for athletes and is monitored by anti-doping laboratories. In this work, our objective is to discover new human phase I metabolites, define their excretion kinetics for 30 days and analyze their phase II metabolism (sulfate, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine conjugates). Urine samples from four volunteers were analyzed by chromatographic techniques. Through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis it was possible to detect methasterone and its nine phase I metabolites in the urine samples after glucuronide enzymatic hydrolysis, from which one were previously unreported. These nine compounds were not excreted in free form. The new proposed metabolite is 17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5β-androstan-3-one, obtained from the epimerization at C5. The 3α-hydroxy metabolite, currently monitored by anti-doping laboratories, was the most abundant and was detected for the longest time. Furthermore, four other long-term metabolites were identified. By ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, only the drug and a known metabolite were detected after glucuronide hydrolysis, and phase II metabolites were not found. Thus, our results contribute to elucidating methasterone metabolism, including long-term metabolites besides of the 3α-hydroxy in routine doping analysis, which is very important due to variation in human metabolism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195078.v1
title: Human Metabolism of the Anabolic Steroid Methasterone: Detection and Kinetic Excretion of New Phase I Urinary Metabolites and Investigation of Phase II Metabolism by GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS

description: Methasterone is a designer anabolic steroid that is prohibited for athletes and is monitored by anti-doping laboratories. In this work, our objective is to discover new human phase I metabolites, define their excretion kinetics for 30 days and analyze their phase II metabolism (sulfate, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine conjugates). Urine samples from four volunteers were analyzed by chromatographic techniques. Through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis it was possible to detect methasterone and its nine phase I metabolites in the urine samples after glucuronide enzymatic hydrolysis, from which one were previously unreported. These nine compounds were not excreted in free form. The new proposed metabolite is 17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5β-androstan-3-one, obtained from the epimerization at C5. The 3α-hydroxy metabolite, currently monitored by anti-doping laboratories, was the most abundant and was detected for the longest time. Furthermore, four other long-term metabolites were identified. By ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, only the drug and a known metabolite were detected after glucuronide hydrolysis, and phase II metabolites were not found. Thus, our results contribute to elucidating methasterone metabolism, including long-term metabolites besides of the 3α-hydroxy in routine doping analysis, which is very important due to variation in human metabolism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195084
title: The TNM 8th edition: Validation of the proposal for organ - confined (pT2) prostate cancer

description: ABSTRACT  Purpose: The 8th edition of the TNM has been updated and improved in order to ensure a high degree of clinical relevance. A major change in prostate includes pathologically organ - confined disease to be considered pT2 and no longer subclassified by extent of involvement or laterality. The aim of this study was to validate this major change.  Materials and Methods: Prostates were step - sectioned from 196 patients submitted to radical prostatectomy with organ confined disease (pT2) and negative surgical margins. Tumor extent was evaluated by a semiquantitative point count method. The dominant nodule extent was recorded as the maximal number of positive points of the largest single focus of cancer from the quadrants. Laterality was considered as either total tumor extent (Group 1) or index tumor extent (Group 2). Time to biochemical recurrence was analyzed with the Kaplan - Meier product limit analysis and prediction of shorter time to biochemical recurrence with Cox proportional hazards model.  Results: In Group 1, 43 / 196 (21.9%) tumors were unilateral and 153 / 196 (78.1%) bilateral and in Group 2, 156 / 196 (79.6%) tumors were unilateral and 40 / 196 (20.4%) bilateral. In both groups, comparing unilateral vs bilateral tumors, there was no significant clinicopathological difference, and no significant association with time as well as prediction of shorter time to biochemical recurrence following surgery.  Conclusions: Pathologic sub - staging of organ confined disease does not convey prognostic information either considering laterality as total tumor extent or index tumor extent. Furthermore, no correlation exists between digital rectal examination and pathologic stage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195084.v1
title: The TNM 8th edition: Validation of the proposal for organ - confined (pT2) prostate cancer

description: ABSTRACT  Purpose: The 8th edition of the TNM has been updated and improved in order to ensure a high degree of clinical relevance. A major change in prostate includes pathologically organ - confined disease to be considered pT2 and no longer subclassified by extent of involvement or laterality. The aim of this study was to validate this major change.  Materials and Methods: Prostates were step - sectioned from 196 patients submitted to radical prostatectomy with organ confined disease (pT2) and negative surgical margins. Tumor extent was evaluated by a semiquantitative point count method. The dominant nodule extent was recorded as the maximal number of positive points of the largest single focus of cancer from the quadrants. Laterality was considered as either total tumor extent (Group 1) or index tumor extent (Group 2). Time to biochemical recurrence was analyzed with the Kaplan - Meier product limit analysis and prediction of shorter time to biochemical recurrence with Cox proportional hazards model.  Results: In Group 1, 43 / 196 (21.9%) tumors were unilateral and 153 / 196 (78.1%) bilateral and in Group 2, 156 / 196 (79.6%) tumors were unilateral and 40 / 196 (20.4%) bilateral. In both groups, comparing unilateral vs bilateral tumors, there was no significant clinicopathological difference, and no significant association with time as well as prediction of shorter time to biochemical recurrence following surgery.  Conclusions: Pathologic sub - staging of organ confined disease does not convey prognostic information either considering laterality as total tumor extent or index tumor extent. Furthermore, no correlation exists between digital rectal examination and pathologic stage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195099
title: Automatized Separation of Fractions from Petroleum Based on Spectrophotometric Signal Derivative Using Open-Source Hardware for the Determination of Ni and V Linked to Porphyrins

description: An automated method based on open-source hardware was created for the separation of porphyrins fractions from crude oil, an essential step for the quantification of V and Ni as metalloporphyrins. Preparative liquid chromatography was implemented with a reverse phase gradient from MeOH to toluene. The system allows three solvents and fractions changes by using quaternary valves connected to an Arduino microcontroller, programmed on the basis of the absorbance signal measured and its first derivative. Additionally, the method was applied to crude oils (Venezuelan National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 8505 and from a marine reservoir). V and Ni were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the V-porphyrin profile was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS. The concentrations of the metals grow in the last eluting toluene fractions, associated with asphaltenes. On the other hand, V-porphyrins in the first eluting MeOH fractions showed profiles of labile compounds, with a higher percentage in the Brazilian crude oil (4.9 mg L-1, corresponding to 18% of total V), in comparison to the one from the biodegraded NIST 8505 (59 mg L-1, corresponding to 7% of total V). The overall methodology has a good reproducibility and provides information on elements concentrations associated with porphyrin class compounds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195099.v1
title: Automatized Separation of Fractions from Petroleum Based on Spectrophotometric Signal Derivative Using Open-Source Hardware for the Determination of Ni and V Linked to Porphyrins

description: An automated method based on open-source hardware was created for the separation of porphyrins fractions from crude oil, an essential step for the quantification of V and Ni as metalloporphyrins. Preparative liquid chromatography was implemented with a reverse phase gradient from MeOH to toluene. The system allows three solvents and fractions changes by using quaternary valves connected to an Arduino microcontroller, programmed on the basis of the absorbance signal measured and its first derivative. Additionally, the method was applied to crude oils (Venezuelan National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 8505 and from a marine reservoir). V and Ni were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the V-porphyrin profile was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS. The concentrations of the metals grow in the last eluting toluene fractions, associated with asphaltenes. On the other hand, V-porphyrins in the first eluting MeOH fractions showed profiles of labile compounds, with a higher percentage in the Brazilian crude oil (4.9 mg L-1, corresponding to 18% of total V), in comparison to the one from the biodegraded NIST 8505 (59 mg L-1, corresponding to 7% of total V). The overall methodology has a good reproducibility and provides information on elements concentrations associated with porphyrin class compounds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195102
title: Fourier analysis of nonlinear pendulum oscillations

description: Since the times of Galileo, it is well-known that a simple pendulum oscillates harmonically for any sufficiently small angular amplitude. Beyond this regime and in absence of dissipative forces, the pendulum period increases with amplitude and then it becomes a nonlinear system. Here in this work, we make use of Fourier series to investigate the transition from linear to nonlinear oscillations, which is done by comparing the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental mode (i.e., that for the small-angle regime) to those corresponding to higher frequencies, for angular amplitudes up to   9   0  ∘. Contrarily to some previous works, our results reveal that the pendulum oscillations are not highly anharmonic for all angular amplitudes. This kind of analysis for the pendulum motion is of great pedagogical interest for both theoretical and experimental classes on this theme.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195102.v1
title: Fourier analysis of nonlinear pendulum oscillations

description: Since the times of Galileo, it is well-known that a simple pendulum oscillates harmonically for any sufficiently small angular amplitude. Beyond this regime and in absence of dissipative forces, the pendulum period increases with amplitude and then it becomes a nonlinear system. Here in this work, we make use of Fourier series to investigate the transition from linear to nonlinear oscillations, which is done by comparing the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental mode (i.e., that for the small-angle regime) to those corresponding to higher frequencies, for angular amplitudes up to   9   0  ∘. Contrarily to some previous works, our results reveal that the pendulum oscillations are not highly anharmonic for all angular amplitudes. This kind of analysis for the pendulum motion is of great pedagogical interest for both theoretical and experimental classes on this theme.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195108
title: Diagnostic potential of saliva proteome analysis: a review and guide to clinical practice

description: Abstract: Proteomic techniques have become popular in medicine and dentistry because of their widespread use in analyzing bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and gingival crevicular fluids as well as hard tissues such as enamel, dentine, and cementum. This review is a guide to proteomic techniques in general dentistry, summarizing techniques and their clinical application in understanding and diagnosing diseases and their use in identifying biomarkers of various diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195111.v1
title: Semiconductor Nanocrystals-Reduced Graphene Composites for the Electrochemical Detection of Carbendazim

description: A new nanocomposite based on ZnCdTe semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized in situ on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was obtained. The heterostructure was characterized using UV-Vis emission and absorption spectroscopies, which provided evidences of the growth of the nanocrystals onto the rGO matrix. To evaluate the electrochemical performance, carbon paste electrodes modified with the nanocomposite (QD-rGO/CPE) were prepared, showing high sensitivity in the electroanalytical detection of the pesticide carbendazim. Under optimal operational conditions a calibration curve was constructed with a linear behavior in the range of 9.98 × 10-8 to 1.18 × 10-5 mol L-1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for carbendazim were 9.16 × 10-8 and 2.78 × 10-7 mol L-1, respectively. The electrode is successfully applied for the determination of carbendazim in orange juice samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195114.v1
title: First-year students’ perceptions of team-based learning in a new medical genetics course

description: ABSTRACT  Background  Medical education has evolved considerably over the last few years, especially through adoption of new technologies and active methodologies. These methodologies aim to improve learning and engage students deeply in the process. TBL is a methodology widely used in health schools, including Medical Schools. We can use it to work with large groups, divided into small teams. The students first work individually, then within teams, and finally the groups cooperate to solve applied problems.  Objectives  To describe students’ perceptions and satisfaction about a Medical Genetics course organized into blocks of subject in which we used TBL sessions with first-year medical students.  Methods  A Medical Genetics course were organized into subject blocks in which a TBL session was conducted in each of these blocks to improve the learning process. At the end of the course, the students answered a questionnaire on satisfaction and perceptions.  Results  By the first time we described a Medical Genetics course organized into 5 blocks of subject matter on a total of 25 genetic diseases in which a TBL session was conducted in each of these blocks. We enrolled a total of 290 participants and 96% of the students were satisfied with TBL. Furthermore, 97% of students believe that TBL helped them to learn, and 87% approved of use of TBL in the future at other stages of their medical course.  Conclusion  Application of the TBL method during a medical genetics course was well-received by students and proved an important tool in the structures of curricula for medical education at this university.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195117.v1
title: Coccidian parasites from birds at rehabilitation centers in Portugal, with notes on Avispora bubonis in Old World

description: Abstract Portugal has some rehabilitation centers for wild animals, which are responsible for the rehabilitation and reintroduction of birds, among other animals, into the wild. Coccidian parasites of these wild birds in rehabilitation centers are especially important because these centers can introduce coccidian species into new environments through the reintroduction of their respective hosts. In this context, the current study aimed to identify intestinal coccidia from wild birds at two rehabilitation centers for wild animals located in two municipalities of Portugal. Eighty-nine wild birds of 9 orders and 11 families were sampled, of which 22 (25%) were positive for Coccidia. Avispora spp. were found in raptors. Sporocysts of Sarcocystinae subfamily were recovered from owls. An Isospora sp. was found in Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758, and an Eimeria sp. was found in Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758. Among the coccidian species, Avispora bubonis (Cawthorn, Stockdale, 1981) can be highlighted. The finding of this species indicates that transmission of coccidians from the New World to the Old World may be occurring, potentially through dispersion by Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus, 1758) through Arctic regions or by means of anthropic activities, and/or through other unknown mechanisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8195120
title: Professional Expectations of Future Doctors: Analysis of the Quadriennium 2014-2017

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to describe the expectations of medical students regarding their professional career. In order to do this, a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted, from January 2014 to December 2017, with 116 senior students of the class of 2014, 116 of 2015, 91 of 2016 and 110 of 2017, with a total of 431 individuals. A survey was applied to obtain information about their age, gender, graduation year, professional expectations for the 10 years to follow, intended specialty, level of care at which they want to work, intended income, the number of jobs they think they will need to work in to reach that level of income and the number of jobs they expect to have. The study showed that there are more male students (58%) than female, and the average age is 26.4 ± 3.91 years old. General Medicine was the most sought specialty by the graduate students, except for those of the year 2016, when the predominant specialty was Pediatrics. Concerning the professional goals for the 10 years after graduation, teaching was an objective of approximately half of them, ranging between 46% and 59%, while almost all of them demonstrated a wish to perform assistance work (direct patient care). No predominance was found when comparing the expectation of working in a hospital or in private clinics, nor between the private and public sector. Concerning the wish to work at different health care levels, the senior students from the classes of 2014 and 2016 expressed their wish to work predominantly at care level 3 (40.5 ± 29.3% and 41.1 ± 29.7%, respectively). Concerning the intended income, the most popular range was above 10 minimum monthly salaries. Most students stated they believe that at least three jobs would be necessary to reach this salary level, but they also expressed the wish of having only two jobs. We conclude that the so-called basic areas, such as General Medicine, General Surgery and Pediatrics are the most coveted by the senior students. However, this is probably due not only to a desire to follow these specialties, but also because they represent a prerequisite to access other specialties. In general, the graduates intend to work with direct care and have high salary expectations, which is only achieved by having multiple jobs. They have little interest in working at care level one. This reality could be discussed in academic circles, in order to offer realistic information to students about the job market and medical career, minimizing future frustrations during their professional practice.