cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317389.v1
title: Physiological attributes of Enlist E3™ soybean seed submitted to herbicides application

description: Abstract Background: Enlist E3™ soybean is tolerant to 2,4-D, glyphosate and ammonium-glufosinate and were developed for effective management of herbicide resistant weeds such as glyphosate Herbicides, even being selective, can cause damage to crop metabolism, affect growth and development and interfere with seed physiological quality. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the physiological quality of Enlist E3™ soybean seeds submitted to herbicide application. Methods: The field trial was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments tested were 2,4-D choline + glyphosate, 2,4-D choline, glyphosate + 2,4-D amine and ammonium-glufosinate; and control without application, sprayed at V6 soybean growth stage. After harvest, the seeds were submitted to first germination count, accelerated aging, germination speed index, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry mass and electrical conductivity tests. Results: The management of Enlist E3 soybeans with Enlist herbicides (2,4-D choline + glyphosate and 2,4-D choline) as well as glyphosate + 2,4-D amine and glufosinate did not negatively impact soybean parameters such as: vigor, germination count, accelerated aging, germination speed, aerial part and primary root length, aerial part and root dry mass and electrical conductivity. Conclusions: Those herbicides can be recommended to be used on post emergence (V6) of Enlist E3 soybean.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317391
title: Nitrogen dynamic in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) agroecosystem as influenced by intra- and interspecific competition

description: Abstract Background: The study of both intra- and interspecific competitions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) agroecosystem is quite complex and it is essential to understand the influence of nitrogen in these competitions. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different competitive models on nitrogen balance in wheat ecosystem agriculture (Chamran cultivar). Methods: A field experiment was performed using split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main and sub-plots consisted of different nitrogen rates (control, 50, 100 and 150 kg nitrogen ha-1) and different competitive patterns (no, intraspecific, interspecific competition and intra- and interspecific in combination) were applied to the sub-plots, respectively. Weed density in the interspecies competition was applied through the equal planting of two narrow leaves (Avena sativa L.) and broadleaf (Sinapis arvensis L.) weed species. Results: The dry matter (DM) accumulation and nitrogen content (NC) at anthesis was higher than that at maturity stage for all competition treatments as well as nitrogen rates. The trend of nitrogen translocation efficiency (NTE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was different from dry matter translocation efficiency (DMTE), and both were highest in interspecific competition treatments. Moreover, the highest grain yield in no competition treatment resulted in a lower dry matter and NTE. Conclusions: It was concluded that the capacity for nitrogen accumulation in the stem, was associated with a high nitrogen uptake, nitrogen assimilation and high post-anthesis nitrogen remobilization efficiency. In additions, high NHI could be used in the development of cultivars with the desired N balance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317394
title: Optimizing efficacy of acetochlor + atrazine and dicamba at various doses to manage Conyza stricta L. in sugarcane

description: Abstract Background: Conyza stricta L. (Horse weed) is an annual problematic weed in an agricultural ecosystem and considerably decreases the crop yield and quality. Objective: To determine the most effective pre and post emergence herbicides and their dose to control C. stricta in sugarcane crop. Methods: A two years field study comprised of six herbicides treatments along with weedy check and hand weeding. The design of study was RCBD with three replications. Results: Hand weeding recorded more leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR), biological and stripped yield. However, greater LAI, CGR and NAR, biological and stripped yield were recorded by acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence). All the treatments produced statistically comparable harvest index except weedy check, which produced less harvest index. Minimum C. stricta density and dry weight were recorded for acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1. Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) gave better C. stricta control with high herbicides efficiency index. Conclusion: Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) or dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) may be used for efficient control of C. stricta in sugarcane.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317394.v1
title: Optimizing efficacy of acetochlor + atrazine and dicamba at various doses to manage Conyza stricta L. in sugarcane

description: Abstract Background: Conyza stricta L. (Horse weed) is an annual problematic weed in an agricultural ecosystem and considerably decreases the crop yield and quality. Objective: To determine the most effective pre and post emergence herbicides and their dose to control C. stricta in sugarcane crop. Methods: A two years field study comprised of six herbicides treatments along with weedy check and hand weeding. The design of study was RCBD with three replications. Results: Hand weeding recorded more leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR), biological and stripped yield. However, greater LAI, CGR and NAR, biological and stripped yield were recorded by acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence). All the treatments produced statistically comparable harvest index except weedy check, which produced less harvest index. Minimum C. stricta density and dry weight were recorded for acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1. Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) gave better C. stricta control with high herbicides efficiency index. Conclusion: Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) or dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) may be used for efficient control of C. stricta in sugarcane.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317398
title: Residual herbicides increase the period prior to interference in soybean cultivars

description: Abstract Background: The pre-emergence herbicides diclosulam and flumioxazin are used to weed control in soybean. We hypothesized management of the new emergence of weeds in the early development stages of the soybean could alter the periods of interference. Thus, the period prior to interference allows and increases the canopy closure spaces before the critical period and disfavors the development of weeds inside the vegetative canopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether the period prior to interference of soybean cultivars was altered due to the application of residual pre-emergence herbicides. Methods: Two experiments were conducted with the soybean cultivars ‘NA 5909 RG’ and ‘P95R51’. One day before sowing in the main plots, the herbicide treatments paraquat (control without residual herbicide), paraquat+diclosulam, and paraquat+flumioxazin were applied. In the sub-plots, the increasing periods of coexistence of soybean with weeds of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days after the emergence of soybean were allocated. Results: The control without residual herbicide had the lowest period prior to interference and the most considerable reductions in grain yield when compared with residual herbicides in both experiments. The presence of residual herbicide increased the period prior to interference because they controlled the initial emergence of the major weeds in the experimental area. Conclusions: The use of the herbicides with residual activity diclosulam and flumioxazin increased the period prior to interference of ‘NA 5909 RG’ and ‘P95R51’ in areas infested mainly with horseweed and radish.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317398.v1
title: Residual herbicides increase the period prior to interference in soybean cultivars

description: Abstract Background: The pre-emergence herbicides diclosulam and flumioxazin are used to weed control in soybean. We hypothesized management of the new emergence of weeds in the early development stages of the soybean could alter the periods of interference. Thus, the period prior to interference allows and increases the canopy closure spaces before the critical period and disfavors the development of weeds inside the vegetative canopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether the period prior to interference of soybean cultivars was altered due to the application of residual pre-emergence herbicides. Methods: Two experiments were conducted with the soybean cultivars ‘NA 5909 RG’ and ‘P95R51’. One day before sowing in the main plots, the herbicide treatments paraquat (control without residual herbicide), paraquat+diclosulam, and paraquat+flumioxazin were applied. In the sub-plots, the increasing periods of coexistence of soybean with weeds of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days after the emergence of soybean were allocated. Results: The control without residual herbicide had the lowest period prior to interference and the most considerable reductions in grain yield when compared with residual herbicides in both experiments. The presence of residual herbicide increased the period prior to interference because they controlled the initial emergence of the major weeds in the experimental area. Conclusions: The use of the herbicides with residual activity diclosulam and flumioxazin increased the period prior to interference of ‘NA 5909 RG’ and ‘P95R51’ in areas infested mainly with horseweed and radish.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317400.v1
title: Sourgrass phenological stage and efficacy of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides

description: Abstract Background: Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is a highly disseminated weed in Brazil. It is a perennial grass weed that has high infesting capacity in agricultural areas and presents glyphosate-resistant biotypes. An effective post-emergence control of sourgrass plants depends on their phenological stage at the time of herbicide application. Objective: This work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the sourgrass phenological stage at the time of herbicide application on the efficacy of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Methods: Two independent experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate two ACCase-inhibiting herbicides: clethodim, and haloxyfop. The treatments were applied using a completely randomized block design, with an 8×4 factorial arrangement consisted of 8 herbicide rates (4, 2, 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 times the recommended rate, and a control plot without herbicide application) and four phenological stages of sourgrass. Results: The development of sourgrass plants after tillering decreased the efficacy of the herbicide molecules; however, clethodim and haloxyfop were efficient to control sourgrass at earlier developmental stages. Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in older plants may explain the lower susceptibility to herbicides. Conclusions: Other control techniques should be considered for sourgrass plants at later developmental stages, such as sequential application or herbicide mixtures, to increase the efficacy of ACCase herbicides.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317400
title: Sourgrass phenological stage and efficacy of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides

description: Abstract Background: Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is a highly disseminated weed in Brazil. It is a perennial grass weed that has high infesting capacity in agricultural areas and presents glyphosate-resistant biotypes. An effective post-emergence control of sourgrass plants depends on their phenological stage at the time of herbicide application. Objective: This work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the sourgrass phenological stage at the time of herbicide application on the efficacy of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Methods: Two independent experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate two ACCase-inhibiting herbicides: clethodim, and haloxyfop. The treatments were applied using a completely randomized block design, with an 8×4 factorial arrangement consisted of 8 herbicide rates (4, 2, 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 times the recommended rate, and a control plot without herbicide application) and four phenological stages of sourgrass. Results: The development of sourgrass plants after tillering decreased the efficacy of the herbicide molecules; however, clethodim and haloxyfop were efficient to control sourgrass at earlier developmental stages. Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in older plants may explain the lower susceptibility to herbicides. Conclusions: Other control techniques should be considered for sourgrass plants at later developmental stages, such as sequential application or herbicide mixtures, to increase the efficacy of ACCase herbicides.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317403
title: Management and development of fleabane plants in central Brazil

description: Abstract Background: Fleabane plants (Conyza spp.) resistant to glyphosate herbicide are found infesting areas in the Central-West and Southeast regions of Brazil, but its management is not a concerning problem for summer crops in these regions as in the South region of Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the management of adult fleabane plants at the summer soybean crop and off-season (autumn-winter), monitoring new emergences to assess the dynamics of plants from November 2018 to March 2020, and the residual effect of herbicides applied at the end of the rainy season in the Cerrado biome, in Brasília, DF, Brazil. Methods: Four field experiments were developed from November 06, 2018 to April 02, 2020; all under randomized block design, with four replications, in factorial or split-plot arrangement, with visual weed control evaluations (0% to 100%) and seedling counting. Results: The highest fleabane infestations in soybean crops were found before sowing, and were partially or fully controlled by pre-sowing chemical/management treatments, which did not interfere with the soybean seed yield. The fleabane biological cycle ended in November-December (1st year), and December-January (2nd year). Conclusions: The most significant fleabane emergence in the areas was found in February and March. The treatments with saflufenacil and glufosinate-ammonium, followed by 2,4-D, were the most efficient and fastest control of adult fleabane plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317403.v1
title: Management and development of fleabane plants in central Brazil

description: Abstract Background: Fleabane plants (Conyza spp.) resistant to glyphosate herbicide are found infesting areas in the Central-West and Southeast regions of Brazil, but its management is not a concerning problem for summer crops in these regions as in the South region of Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the management of adult fleabane plants at the summer soybean crop and off-season (autumn-winter), monitoring new emergences to assess the dynamics of plants from November 2018 to March 2020, and the residual effect of herbicides applied at the end of the rainy season in the Cerrado biome, in Brasília, DF, Brazil. Methods: Four field experiments were developed from November 06, 2018 to April 02, 2020; all under randomized block design, with four replications, in factorial or split-plot arrangement, with visual weed control evaluations (0% to 100%) and seedling counting. Results: The highest fleabane infestations in soybean crops were found before sowing, and were partially or fully controlled by pre-sowing chemical/management treatments, which did not interfere with the soybean seed yield. The fleabane biological cycle ended in November-December (1st year), and December-January (2nd year). Conclusions: The most significant fleabane emergence in the areas was found in February and March. The treatments with saflufenacil and glufosinate-ammonium, followed by 2,4-D, were the most efficient and fastest control of adult fleabane plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317404
title: Soybean tolerance to sulfentrazone and diclosulam in sandy soil

description: Abstract Background: The use of pre-emergent herbicides is an important tool to control weeds, however the tolerance of soybean to these herbicides can vary according to the type of soil. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone and diclosulam soybean selectivity in a sandy soil, in order to establish these herbicides as supporting tools in weed control. Methods: The treatments consisted of six doses of sulfentrazone (150 to 400 g ha-1) and diclosulam (25.2 to 75.6 g ha-1), and an untreated control. A field study was repeated in two growing seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) in a sandy soil. Results: The occurrence of injury depended on the growing season. The first season presented lower rainfall rates during the crop cycle. The recommended dose of sulfentrazone (200 g ha-1) caused 26% and 10% of plant injury at 15 days after the treatment for the first and second season, respectively. For diclosulam, the recommended dose of 35.3 g ha-1 caused 20% and 8% of plant injury, respectively, for the first and second season. However, at the recommended doses, only for diclosulam and in the rainy season there was a reduction in soybean productivity. Conclusions: The herbicide sulfentrazone, although causing visual soybean plant injury, present satisfactory selectivity at recommended doses and can be used as an important tool on weed control on sandy soils. Similar response was observed for diclosulam in 2013/14. However, in a rainfall season diclosulam impacted on soybean yield at the recommended dose for sandy soils, with selectivity depending of the growth season.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317404.v1
title: Soybean tolerance to sulfentrazone and diclosulam in sandy soil

description: Abstract Background: The use of pre-emergent herbicides is an important tool to control weeds, however the tolerance of soybean to these herbicides can vary according to the type of soil. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone and diclosulam soybean selectivity in a sandy soil, in order to establish these herbicides as supporting tools in weed control. Methods: The treatments consisted of six doses of sulfentrazone (150 to 400 g ha-1) and diclosulam (25.2 to 75.6 g ha-1), and an untreated control. A field study was repeated in two growing seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) in a sandy soil. Results: The occurrence of injury depended on the growing season. The first season presented lower rainfall rates during the crop cycle. The recommended dose of sulfentrazone (200 g ha-1) caused 26% and 10% of plant injury at 15 days after the treatment for the first and second season, respectively. For diclosulam, the recommended dose of 35.3 g ha-1 caused 20% and 8% of plant injury, respectively, for the first and second season. However, at the recommended doses, only for diclosulam and in the rainy season there was a reduction in soybean productivity. Conclusions: The herbicide sulfentrazone, although causing visual soybean plant injury, present satisfactory selectivity at recommended doses and can be used as an important tool on weed control on sandy soils. Similar response was observed for diclosulam in 2013/14. However, in a rainfall season diclosulam impacted on soybean yield at the recommended dose for sandy soils, with selectivity depending of the growth season.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317407
title: Cactus Pear: a Weed of Dry-Lands for Supplementing Food Security Under Changing Climate

description: ABSTRACT: Climate change characterized by global warming and frequent occurrence of prolonged drought spells has necessitated the cultivation of multi-purpose crops which are temperature and drought hardy. This paper evaluates the production potential of cactus pear [Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.] as an alternate and low-cost forage crop along with the recent advancements in its cultivation and utilization as food crop for supplementing the food security of rapidly increasing populace. The botanical, ecological and physiological traits enabling cactus pear to survive under harsh agro-climatic conditions have been objectively elaborated. A variety of impediments hampering its wide-scale cultivation and future breeding needs for improving the biomass production and nutritional quality have also been identified. The potential of cactus pear to reduce desertification along with imparting sustainability to modern, commercial and profitable agriculture in dry-lands makes it an exceptional plant. Its annual biomass (stems called cladodes) yield of 40-50 t ha-1 with an appropriate agronomic management may sustain 5-6 adult cows supporting a family of 12-16 people. However, its slow growth, less fruit yield, poor nutritional quality of forage and the fear of cactus pear becoming a noxious weed restricts its popularized cultivation and thus demands a comprehensive genetic improvement and agronomic technology package.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14317407.v1
title: Cactus Pear: a Weed of Dry-Lands for Supplementing Food Security Under Changing Climate

description: ABSTRACT: Climate change characterized by global warming and frequent occurrence of prolonged drought spells has necessitated the cultivation of multi-purpose crops which are temperature and drought hardy. This paper evaluates the production potential of cactus pear [Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.] as an alternate and low-cost forage crop along with the recent advancements in its cultivation and utilization as food crop for supplementing the food security of rapidly increasing populace. The botanical, ecological and physiological traits enabling cactus pear to survive under harsh agro-climatic conditions have been objectively elaborated. A variety of impediments hampering its wide-scale cultivation and future breeding needs for improving the biomass production and nutritional quality have also been identified. The potential of cactus pear to reduce desertification along with imparting sustainability to modern, commercial and profitable agriculture in dry-lands makes it an exceptional plant. Its annual biomass (stems called cladodes) yield of 40-50 t ha-1 with an appropriate agronomic management may sustain 5-6 adult cows supporting a family of 12-16 people. However, its slow growth, less fruit yield, poor nutritional quality of forage and the fear of cactus pear becoming a noxious weed restricts its popularized cultivation and thus demands a comprehensive genetic improvement and agronomic technology package.