cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25335616.v1
title: Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herpes zoster (HZ) and HZ vaccination: Concept elicitation findings from a multi-country study in the Asia Pacific

description: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent disease characterized by a painful rash. A multi‑country study was conducted to elicit public and physician knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward HZ disease and vaccination for the assessment of local factors influencing HZ vaccine perceptions in four Asian-Pacific countries/territories One-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted in 2022, among the public (people aged ≥ 50 years, adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years, zoster vaccine live-vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 50 years in Republic of Korea, and HZ patients; <i>n</i> = 78) and physicians (general practitioners and specialists; <i>n</i> = 24). Themes surrounding KAP toward HZ and HZ vaccination were summarized using a thematic analysis. A substantial knowledge gap related to HZ was observed among the public, including its causes, long-term impacts, and the at-risk population. There was a low perceived risk of HZ and low general awareness of HZ vaccine availability, although country/territory-specific differences existed. Fear of HZ-associated pain contributed toward vaccination intent among HZ patients and adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years. HZ-naïve adults who were encouraged to receive the vaccine by others were not motivated to do so due to optimism bias. Physicians were perceived to be a reliable source of information. However, physicians did not always proactively discuss HZ vaccination due to time constraints and a perceived need to prioritize other vaccinations including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Initiatives are needed to improve public awareness of HZ and its complications, in terms of overall impact on individuals and society, and highlight the important role of physicians in recommending vaccination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25846417
title: Characterization and immunogenicity assessment of MERS-CoV pre-fusion spike trimeric oligomers as vaccine immunogen

description: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal beta-coronavirus that emerged in 2012. The virus is part of the WHO blueprint priority list with a concerning fatality rate of 35%. Scientific efforts are ongoing for the development of vaccines, anti-viral and biotherapeutics, which are majorly directed toward the structural spike protein. However, the ongoing effort is challenging due to conformational instability of the spike protein and the evasion strategy posed by the MERS-CoV. In this study, we have expressed and purified the MERS-CoV pre-fusion spike protein in the Expi293F mammalian expression system. The purified protein was extensively characterized for its biochemical and biophysical properties. Thermal stability analysis showed a melting temperature of 58°C and the protein resisted major structural changes at elevated temperature as revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Immunological assessment of the MERS-CoV spike immunogen in BALB/c mice with AddaVax<sup>TM</sup> and Imject alum adjuvants showed elicitation of high titer antibody responses but a more balanced Th1/Th2 response with AddaVax<sup>TM</sup> squalene like adjuvant. Together, our results suggest the formation of higher-order trimeric pre-fusion MERS-CoV spike proteins, which were able to induce robust immune responses. The comprehensive characterization of MERS-CoV spike protein warrants a better understanding of MERS spike protein and future vaccine development efforts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25846417.v1
title: Characterization and immunogenicity assessment of MERS-CoV pre-fusion spike trimeric oligomers as vaccine immunogen

description: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal beta-coronavirus that emerged in 2012. The virus is part of the WHO blueprint priority list with a concerning fatality rate of 35%. Scientific efforts are ongoing for the development of vaccines, anti-viral and biotherapeutics, which are majorly directed toward the structural spike protein. However, the ongoing effort is challenging due to conformational instability of the spike protein and the evasion strategy posed by the MERS-CoV. In this study, we have expressed and purified the MERS-CoV pre-fusion spike protein in the Expi293F mammalian expression system. The purified protein was extensively characterized for its biochemical and biophysical properties. Thermal stability analysis showed a melting temperature of 58°C and the protein resisted major structural changes at elevated temperature as revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Immunological assessment of the MERS-CoV spike immunogen in BALB/c mice with AddaVax<sup>TM</sup> and Imject alum adjuvants showed elicitation of high titer antibody responses but a more balanced Th1/Th2 response with AddaVax<sup>TM</sup> squalene like adjuvant. Together, our results suggest the formation of higher-order trimeric pre-fusion MERS-CoV spike proteins, which were able to induce robust immune responses. The comprehensive characterization of MERS-CoV spike protein warrants a better understanding of MERS spike protein and future vaccine development efforts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27998416
title: Cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine among adults aged ≥60 years in the United States

description: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute respiratory illness in individuals of all ages, with adults aged ≥60 years and adults with certain chronic conditions at increased risk of severe RSV-related outcomes. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine versus no vaccine in adults aged ≥60 years in the United States (US). A multi-cohort Markov model was developed with a 5-year time horizon and 1-month cycle length to compare outcomes for no vaccination and one-time adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination (assuming the same vaccination as for influenza vaccines). Clinical parameters (e.g., vaccine efficacy) were based on phase 3 clinical trial data over 3 seasons, with all other inputs obtained from public US sources and scientific literature. Outcomes included total and incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY) losses and costs, as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of results to inputs. In the base case, the model estimated that vaccinating 52.7 million adults aged ≥60 years with the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine once would result in 244,424 fewer QALY losses and an incremental societal cost of $4.5 billion over 5 years, with vaccination costs partially offset by reduced disease-related costs. From the societal perspective, adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination resulted in an ICER of $18,430 per QALY gained. Results were relatively robust across sensitivity analyses and indicate that adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination is a cost-effective option for the prevention of RSV in US adults aged ≥ 60 years, reducing the substantial burden within this population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27998416.v1
title: Cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine among adults aged ≥60 years in the United States

description: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute respiratory illness in individuals of all ages, with adults aged ≥60 years and adults with certain chronic conditions at increased risk of severe RSV-related outcomes. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine versus no vaccine in adults aged ≥60 years in the United States (US). A multi-cohort Markov model was developed with a 5-year time horizon and 1-month cycle length to compare outcomes for no vaccination and one-time adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination (assuming the same vaccination as for influenza vaccines). Clinical parameters (e.g., vaccine efficacy) were based on phase 3 clinical trial data over 3 seasons, with all other inputs obtained from public US sources and scientific literature. Outcomes included total and incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY) losses and costs, as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of results to inputs. In the base case, the model estimated that vaccinating 52.7 million adults aged ≥60 years with the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine once would result in 244,424 fewer QALY losses and an incremental societal cost of $4.5 billion over 5 years, with vaccination costs partially offset by reduced disease-related costs. From the societal perspective, adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination resulted in an ICER of $18,430 per QALY gained. Results were relatively robust across sensitivity analyses and indicate that adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccination is a cost-effective option for the prevention of RSV in US adults aged ≥ 60 years, reducing the substantial burden within this population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25895848
title: Immune response of COVID-19 vaccines in solid cancer patients: A meta-analysis

description: Solid cancer patients, compared to their healthy counterparts, are at a greater risk of contracting and suffering from severe complications and poorer prognosis after COVID-19 infections. They also have different immune responses after doses of COVID-19 vaccination, but limited evidence is available to reveal the effectiveness and help to guide immunization programs for this subpopulation; MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and clinicaltrials.gov were used to search literature. The pooled seroconversion rate was calculated using a random-effects model and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI); The review includes 66 studies containing serological responses after COVID-19 vaccination in 13,050 solid cancer patients and 8550 healthy controls. The pooled seropositive rates after the first dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 55.2% (95% CI 45.9%–64.5% <i>N</i> = 18) and 90.2% (95% CI 80.9%–96.6% <i>N</i> = 13), respectively. The seropositive rates after the second dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 87.6% (95% CI 84.1%–90.7% <i>N</i> = 50) and 98.9% (95% CI 97.6%-99.7% <i>N</i> = 35), respectively. The seropositive rates after the third dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 91.4% (95% CI 85.4%–95.9% <i>N</i> = 21) and 99.8% (95% CI 98.1%-100.0% <i>N</i> = 4), respectively. Subgroup analysis finds that study sample size, timing of antibody testing, and vaccine type have influence on the results; Seroconversion rates after COVID-19 vaccination are significantly lower in patients with solid malignancies, especially after the first dose, then shrinking gradually after the following two vaccinations, indicating that subsequent doses or a booster dose should be considered for the effectiveness of this subpopulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25895848.v1
title: Immune response of COVID-19 vaccines in solid cancer patients: A meta-analysis

description: Solid cancer patients, compared to their healthy counterparts, are at a greater risk of contracting and suffering from severe complications and poorer prognosis after COVID-19 infections. They also have different immune responses after doses of COVID-19 vaccination, but limited evidence is available to reveal the effectiveness and help to guide immunization programs for this subpopulation; MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and clinicaltrials.gov were used to search literature. The pooled seroconversion rate was calculated using a random-effects model and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI); The review includes 66 studies containing serological responses after COVID-19 vaccination in 13,050 solid cancer patients and 8550 healthy controls. The pooled seropositive rates after the first dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 55.2% (95% CI 45.9%–64.5% <i>N</i> = 18) and 90.2% (95% CI 80.9%–96.6% <i>N</i> = 13), respectively. The seropositive rates after the second dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 87.6% (95% CI 84.1%–90.7% <i>N</i> = 50) and 98.9% (95% CI 97.6%-99.7% <i>N</i> = 35), respectively. The seropositive rates after the third dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 91.4% (95% CI 85.4%–95.9% <i>N</i> = 21) and 99.8% (95% CI 98.1%-100.0% <i>N</i> = 4), respectively. Subgroup analysis finds that study sample size, timing of antibody testing, and vaccine type have influence on the results; Seroconversion rates after COVID-19 vaccination are significantly lower in patients with solid malignancies, especially after the first dose, then shrinking gradually after the following two vaccinations, indicating that subsequent doses or a booster dose should be considered for the effectiveness of this subpopulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25687165
title: Modeling outbreaks of COVID-19 in China: The impact of vaccination and other control measures on curbing the epidemic

description: This study aims to examine the development trend of COVID-19 in China and propose a model to assess the impacts of various prevention and control measures in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Using COVID-19 cases reported by the National Health Commission of China from January 2, 2020, to January 2, 2022, we established a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Quarantined-Vaccinated-Hospitalized-Removed (SEIAQVHR) model to calculate the COVID-19 transmission rate and R<sub>t</sub> effective reproduction number, and assess prevention and control measures. Additionally, we built a stochastic model to explore the development of the COVID-19 epidemic. We modeled the incidence trends in five outbreaks between 2020 and 2022. Some important features of the COVID-19 epidemic are mirrored in the estimates based on our SEIAQVHR model. Our model indicates that an infected index case entering the community has a 50%–60% chance to cause a COVID-19 outbreak. Wearing masks and getting vaccinated were the most effective measures among all the prevention and control measures. Specifically targeting asymptomatic individuals had no significant impact on the spread of COVID-19. By adjusting prevention and control parameters, we suggest that increasing the rates of effective vaccination and mask-wearing can significantly reduce COVID-19 cases in China. Our stochastic model analysis provides a useful tool for understanding the COVID-19 epidemic in China.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25687165.v1
title: Modeling outbreaks of COVID-19 in China: The impact of vaccination and other control measures on curbing the epidemic

description: This study aims to examine the development trend of COVID-19 in China and propose a model to assess the impacts of various prevention and control measures in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Using COVID-19 cases reported by the National Health Commission of China from January 2, 2020, to January 2, 2022, we established a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Quarantined-Vaccinated-Hospitalized-Removed (SEIAQVHR) model to calculate the COVID-19 transmission rate and R<sub>t</sub> effective reproduction number, and assess prevention and control measures. Additionally, we built a stochastic model to explore the development of the COVID-19 epidemic. We modeled the incidence trends in five outbreaks between 2020 and 2022. Some important features of the COVID-19 epidemic are mirrored in the estimates based on our SEIAQVHR model. Our model indicates that an infected index case entering the community has a 50%–60% chance to cause a COVID-19 outbreak. Wearing masks and getting vaccinated were the most effective measures among all the prevention and control measures. Specifically targeting asymptomatic individuals had no significant impact on the spread of COVID-19. By adjusting prevention and control parameters, we suggest that increasing the rates of effective vaccination and mask-wearing can significantly reduce COVID-19 cases in China. Our stochastic model analysis provides a useful tool for understanding the COVID-19 epidemic in China.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25956151
title: Inactivated influenza virus vaccines expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicited broadly reactive, long-lived protective antibodies

description: The influenza viruses cause seasonal respiratory illness that affect millions of people globally every year. Prophylactic vaccines are the recommended method to prevent the breakout of influenza epidemics. One of the current commercial influenza vaccines consists of inactivated viruses that are selected months prior to the start of a new influenza season. In many seasons, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these vaccines can be relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an improved, more universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can provide broad protection against various drifted strains in all age groups. To meet this need, the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology was developed to design a hemagglutinin (HA) molecule as a new influenza vaccine. In this study, COBRA HA-based inactivated influenza viruses (IIV) expressing the COBRA HA from H1 or H3 influenza viruses were developed and characterized for the elicitation of immediate and long-term protective immunity in both immunologically naïve or influenza pre-immune animal models. These results were compared to animals vaccinated with IIV vaccines expressing wild-type H1 or H3 HA proteins (WT-IIV). The COBRA-IIV elicited long-lasting broadly reactive antibodies that had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against drifted influenza variants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25956151.v1
title: Inactivated influenza virus vaccines expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicited broadly reactive, long-lived protective antibodies

description: The influenza viruses cause seasonal respiratory illness that affect millions of people globally every year. Prophylactic vaccines are the recommended method to prevent the breakout of influenza epidemics. One of the current commercial influenza vaccines consists of inactivated viruses that are selected months prior to the start of a new influenza season. In many seasons, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these vaccines can be relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an improved, more universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can provide broad protection against various drifted strains in all age groups. To meet this need, the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology was developed to design a hemagglutinin (HA) molecule as a new influenza vaccine. In this study, COBRA HA-based inactivated influenza viruses (IIV) expressing the COBRA HA from H1 or H3 influenza viruses were developed and characterized for the elicitation of immediate and long-term protective immunity in both immunologically naïve or influenza pre-immune animal models. These results were compared to animals vaccinated with IIV vaccines expressing wild-type H1 or H3 HA proteins (WT-IIV). The COBRA-IIV elicited long-lasting broadly reactive antibodies that had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against drifted influenza variants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27930922
title: Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intranasally-administered detoxified LTh(αK) in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 study

description: The objective of the study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of intranasally administered AD17002, a detoxified form of <i>Escherichia coli</i> heat-labile enterotoxin, in treating individuals with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In this randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled phase 2a study, a total of 30 adults aged 20–70 years with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were recruited from three medical centers in Taiwan in 2022–2023. The trial comprised two cohorts, and participants were randomly assigned to receive intranasal administrations of either three doses of AD17002 immunomodulator or a placebo formulation buffer. Outcome analyses were conducted on the intention-to-treat set, and the safety set that included all randomized participants exposed to the AD17002. The proportion of cycle threshold (C<i>t</i>) ≥30 and time to the recovery of key symptoms were assessed. An exploratory study was conducted to analyze the integrity of the viral genome after treatment. Administering 20 μg of AD17002 three times, either at 1-week or 1-day intervals, proved to be safe and well tolerated in subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. AD17002 demonstrated a rapid and positive outcome in reducing the viral load in patients receiving the treatment. Impact of AD17002 treatment was further supported by the analysis of viral genome integrity following the treatment. The enhancement in clinical recovery by AD17002 within 5 days after symptom onset was observed but did not achieve statistical significance. According to the results, intranasal administration of AD17002 was safe, well-tolerated, and potentially effective for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This study looked at a new treatment called AD17002, which is designed to boost the body’s immune response by increasing the production of special proteins called type I interferons. These proteins help the body fight infections. Previous research in animals showed that AD17002 helped clear the virus faster and reduced lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. It had also been tested in humans as a nasal spray to improve flu vaccines. In this phase 2 clinical trial, AD17002 was given to people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 caused by the viral variants. The treatment was well-tolerated, with no major side effects, and showed promising results. It helped reduce the amount of virus in the body, which was confirmed by measuring the genetic material of the virus before and after treatment. This suggests that AD17002 could be an effective way to treatCOVID-19. The study supports the idea that AD17002 might help lessen the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and reduce the spread of the virus. This is important because viral variants have become more contagious and better at evading the immune system.