cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bc5
title: Data from: Geographic patterns in colonial reproductive strategy in Myrmecina nipponica: links between biogeography and a key polymorphism in ants

description: The ability to express different phenotypes can help define species
 distributions by allowing access to, and exploitation of, new
 environments. Social insects employ two markedly different reproductive
 strategies with contrasting cost/benefit characteristics: independent
 colony foundation (ICF), which is associated with high dispersal range and
 high risk, and dependent colony foundation (DCF), characterized by low
 risk but low dispersal. The ant Myrmecina nipponica employs both of these
 strategies, with the frequency of each apparently varying between
 populations. We combine molecular data with data on reproductive strategy
 from different populations of this species throughout Japan to explore how
 this polymorphism is linked to environmental factors and if this
 relationship can help explain the current and historical biogeography of
 this species. Reproductive strategy exhibited a strong geographic pattern,
 with ICF predominant in southern populations and DCF more common in
 northern and southern highland populations. Molecular analyses clearly
 divided populations into broad geographic regions, with the
 southern-lowland populations basal to (southern-highland (+ northern))
 populations. Intra-population polymorphism in colony founding strategy was
 widespread, and polymorphism was reconstructed as the likely ancestral
 state. The frequency of different strategies was linked with climate, with
 DCF more common in colder areas. A recent inferred origin to the northern
 lineage suggests that colonization of northern Japan was a rapid event
 coincident with warming at the end of the last glacial maxima, likely
 facilitated by the cold-adaptive advantages of DCF. We discuss how such
 polymorphisms could help explain the biogeography of this and other social
 insects.
description: See associated publication
description: These data include: Supporting methods and results =
 additional details for methods described in the main text and additional
 data analyses The following genetic datasets
 for Myrmecina nipponica in Japan. MIG_seq_SNPs-3716.fa = fasta file containing SNP data from MIG-Seq analysis for 39 indivdiuals from 13 Japanese populations and one outgroup. SNP_dataset_-_1564.fa = fasta file containing SNP data from MIG-Seq analysis for 37 individuals from 11 Japanese populations and one outgroup following filtering for missing data. Demographic_data.dat = Tab-delimited file containing demographic data from seven populations of M. nipponica in Japan over multiple years. Binary_SNP_matrix_for_PCA.dat = Tab-delimited file of binary (presence/abosence) data of 3716 SNPs. COI_dataset.nexus = A nexus alignment for the 1281 bp region of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 for 51 individuals from 13 populations plus outgroups. These data are available from GenBank under accession numbers KX016598 - KX016638, KX021820 and MG592252 - MG592256.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280gd5
title: Cardioespiratory physiological perturbations after acute smoke-induced lung injury and during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in sheep

description: Background: Numerous successful therapies developed for human medicine
 involve animal experimentation. Animal studies that are focused solely on
 translational potential, may not sufficiently document unexpected
 outcomes. Considerable amounts of data from such studies could be used to
 advance veterinary science. For example, sheep are increasingly being used
 as models of intensive care and therefore, data arising from such models
 must be published. In this study, the hypothesis is that there is little
 information describing physiological data from sheep models of intensive
 care and the author aimed to analyse such data to provide biological
 information that is currently not available for sheep that received
 extracorporeal life support (ECLS) following acute smoke-induced lung
 injury. Methods: Nineteen mechanically ventilated adult ewes undergoing
 intensive care during evaluation of a form of ECLS (treatment) for acute
 lung injury were used to collate clinical observations. Eight sheep were
 injured by acute smoke inhalation prior to treatment (injured/treated),
 while another eight were not injured but treated (uninjured/treated). Two
 sheep were injured but not treated (injured/untreated), while one received
 room air instead of smoke as the injury and was not treated
 (placebo/untreated). The data were then analysed for 11 physiological
 categories and compared between the two treated groups. Results: Compared
 with the baseline, treatment contributed to and exacerbated the
 deterioration of pulmonary pathology by reducing lung compliance and the
 arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2)
 ratio. The oxygen extraction index changes mirrored those of the PaO2/FiO2
 ratio. Decreasing coronary perfusion pressure predicted the severity of
 cardiopulmonary injury. Conclusions: These novel observations could help
 in understanding similar pathology such as that which occurs in animal
 victims of smoke inhalation from house or bush fires, aspiration pneumonia
 secondary to tick paralysis and in the management of the severe
 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34tr7
title: Data from: Live fast, die old: oxidative stress as a potential mediator of an unexpected life-history evolution

description: Intraspecific latitudinal patterns in life history are well documented,
 yet underlying mechanisms of such patterns are poorly understood. To
 advance our insights in the evolution of latitudinal differences in two
 key traits, growth rate and lifespan, we evaluated the potential costs of
 rapid growth in terms of reduced adult lifespan, and the mediatory role of
 oxidative stress. We studied latitudinal differentiation in routine and
 experimentally increased (compensatory) larval growth rates, and in adult
 lifespan under common garden conditions in low- and high-latitude
 populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. The low-latitude
 populations showed not only higher routine growth rates but also a
 stronger compensatory growth response after a transient food shortage
 compared to the high-latitude populations. In contrast with a trade-off
 scenario, adults of the faster growing low-latitude populations lived
 longer, had higher levels of antioxidant enzymes, and tended to experience
 lower oxidative damage. Importantly, these latitudinal patterns were
 largely mirrored at the treatment level, where experimentally induced
 compensatory growth rates were associated with neither oxidative damage
 nor shorter adult lifespans. Moreover, individuals with a higher growth
 rate after the transient food shortage did not have shorter adult
 lifespans or higher oxidative damage, but instead showed a stronger
 antioxidant defense. Our data indicate that an overcompensatory, hormetic
 response in antioxidant defense, potentially induced by the higher routine
 growth rates, resulting in less oxidative damage may underlie these
 unexpected growth-lifespan patterns. Our results highlight the added value
 of incorporating oxidative stress physiology, and the need to consider
 multivariate trade-offs in which animals optimize multiple traits, when
 studying life-history evolution.
description: Food treatment; F=fed, S=starved Age1/mass1:
 age/mass at the start of the starvation period (day 2)
 Age2/mass2: age/mass at the end of the starvation period (day
 9) Age3/mass3: age/mass at the end of the
 post-starvation period Age4/mass4: age/mass one day
 after emergence gr1: pre-starvation growth
 rate gr2: growth rate during starvation
 gr3: post-starvation growth rate
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280n5
title: Data for: Environmental conditions alter behavioural organization and rhythmicity of a large Arctic ruminant across the annual cycle

description: The existence and persistence of rhythmicity in animal activity during
 phases of environmental change is of interest in ecology and
 chronobiology. A wide diversity of biological rhythms in response to
 exogenous conditions and internal stimuli have been uncovered, especially
 for polar vertebrates. However, empirical data supporting circadian
 organization of large ruminating herbivores remains inconclusive. Using
 year-round tracking data of the largest Arctic ruminant, the muskox
 (Ovibos moschatus), we modelled rhythmicity as a function of behaviour and
 environmental conditions. Behavioural states were classified based on
 patterns in hourly movements, and incorporated within a periodicity
 analyses framework. We found that ultradian rhythmicity was prevalent when
 muskoxen were foraging and resting in mid-winter (continuous darkness).
 However, the probability of rhythmicity declined with increasing
 photoperiod until largely disrupted in mid-summer (continuous light).
 Individuals that remained rhythmic during mid-summer foraged in areas with
 lower plant productivity (NDVI) than arrhythmic individuals. We conclude
 that muskoxen may use internal time keeping when forage resources are low,
 but that the importance of this mechanism weakens once environmental
 conditions allow energetic reserves to be replenished. We argue that
 alimentary function and metabolic requirements are critical determinants
 of biological rhythmicity in muskoxen, which likely applies to ruminating
 herbivores in general.
description: Movement data were collected using Global Positioning System
 (GPS) collars (Tellus Large; Followit Lindesberg AB, Sweden) on a total of
 19 adult female muskoxen (n = 14 in 2013 and n= 5 in 2015). All GPS
 collars were programmed to record one position per hour and physically
 impossible movements were removed from the location data prior to
 analyses.  Photoperiod for the study area was
 extracted from sunrise and sunset data downloaded from the U.S. Naval
 Observatory (http://aa.usno. navy.mil), elevation was extracted from the
 ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gdem.asp), and the location of dense vegetation areas was determined using Landsat 4-5TM satellite image. The dynamic variables NDVI and snow depth were extracted from the spatiotemporally explicit SnowModel and MicroMet modelling tools applied to the entire study area and period.
description: See ReadMe file for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zw5m
title: Simulation of global warming effects on Theba pisana

description: By use of open top chambers environmental warming was simulated in a field
 plot near Montfavet, Southern France. Differently (naturally and
 artificially) pigmented land snails (Theba pisana) were introduced and
 analysed for a number of biochemical, physiological and demographical
 parameters. A number of temperature measurements (internally in the snails
 and externally) were conducted. Furthermore, 35 Mediterranean field sites
 were characterized for their mean temperature of the warmest quarter of
 the year, and abundant T. pisana populations were morphometrically
 analysed for their pigmentation intensity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhgg
title: Implementation of disaster medicine education in German medical schools - a nationwide survey

description: Objectives:  Floods, earthquakes and terror attacks in recent
 years emphasize the importance of disaster preparedness for the medical
 community. To best prepare doctors for providing optimal care in disaster
 situations, specific education and training should start at the medical
 school level. This study contained an online survey among German medical
 schools to detect the status quo of teaching disaster medicine and to
 reveal potential obstacles. Methods: The deaneries of 36 German medical
 schools were contacted from April 2016 to May 2017. Via an e-mail link,
 recipients could anonymously and voluntarily access an online
 questionnaire (104 items, 42 with a four-point Likert scale, 28 Yes/No
 questions and 34 with listed items to choose from). The answers were
 analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 25 medical schools
 participated in the survey. Twenty respondents were in favor of expanding
 disaster medicine teaching at their institutions. The curricular
 implementation of single topics like triage (n = 21) up to accidents
 involving radioactive materials (n = 4) varied widely. Only two schools
 had established a teaching coordinator for disaster medicine and only one
 e-learning course had been established. Twenty-one respondents regarded
 financial and 18 regarded organizational matters to be major hurdles in
 the future. Conclusion: Though most faculty representatives indicated they
 favor expanding and implementing disaster medicine education, German
 schools still have a lot of room for enhancement in this field. A
 coordinated effort for a new nationwide e-learning-supported curriculum
 should be made to establish a defined basis of knowledge and skills in
 disaster medicine among medical students.
description: The online survey link was sent out to the dean’s offices of 36
 medical schools in Germany. The participation was voluntary and anonymous.
 The invitation asked for a member of the faculty with full oversight of
 the curriculum to answer the questionnaire. Preferably, respondents had
 already encountered disaster medicine issues in their careers. In order to
 increase the response rate, the deaneries were contacted from April 2016
 to May 2017, sometimes repeatedly, by e-mail and telephone. Altogether,
 the survey lasted from April of 2016 to August of 2017. Final data was
 transferred from SurveyMonkey® to Microsoft Excel® Version 2013 (Microsoft
 Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)  and analyzed using descriptive
 statistics.
description: There was no financial support recieved during the data
 collection.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gxd2547hn
title: Data from: Selection on fruit traits is mediated by the interplay between frugivorous birds, fruit flies, parasitoid wasps, and seed-dispersing ants

description: Every organism on Earth must cope with a multitude of species interactions
 both directly and indirectly throughout its life cycle. However, how
 selection from multiple species occupying different trophic levels affects
 diffuse mutualisms has received little attention. As a result, how a given
 species amalgamates the combined effects of selection from multiple
 mutualists and antagonists to enhance its own fitness remains little
 understood. We investigated how multispecies interactions (frugivorous
 birds, ants, fruit flies, and parasitoid wasps) generate selection on
 fruit display traits in a seed dispersal mutualism. We used structural
 equation models to assess whether seed dispersers (frugivorous birds and
 ants) exerted phenotypic selection on fruit and seed traits in the Spiny
 Hackberry (Celtis ehrenbergiana), a fleshy-fruited tree, and how these
 selection regimes were influenced by fruit fly infestation and wasp
 parasitoidism levels. Birds exerted negative correlational selection on
 the combination of fruit crop size and mean seed weight, favoring either
 large crops with small seeds or small crops with large seeds. Parasitoids
 selected plants with higher fruit fly infestation levels, and fruit flies
 exerted positive directional selection on fruit size, which was positively
 correlated with seed weight. Therefore, higher parasitoidism indirectly
 correlated with higher plant fitness through increased bird fruit removal.
 In addition, ants exerted negative directional selection on mean seed
 weight. Our results show that strong selection on phenotypic traits may
 still arise in perceived diffuse species interactions. Overall, we
 emphasize the need to consider diverse direct and indirect partners to
 achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms driving phenotypic trait
 evolution in multispecies interactions.
description: Dataset used to analyze the ant fruit and seed removal experiment
 and to fit piecewise structural equation models 
description: Cafeteria experiment of ant fruit and seed removal
 See README file for a description of the content of all
 datafiles. Celtis_piecewiseSEM.csv Missing data are
 labeled as 'NA'. Selection exerted by
 birds and ants on Spiny Hackberry fruits, shaped by fruit fly
 infestation and parasitoidism See README file for a
 description of the content of all datafiles.
 Ant_removal_experiment.csv Missing data are labeled as
 'NA'.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5tg5
title: Data from: Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods

description: Switches in pollinators have been argued to be key drivers of floral
 evolution in angiosperms. However, few studies have tested the
 relationship between floral shape evolution and switches in pollination in
 large clades. In concert with a dated phylogeny, we present a morphometric
 analysis of corolla, anther connective, and style shape across 44% of
 nearly 1,000 species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) and test four hypotheses of
 floral evolution. We demonstrate that floral morphospace of New World (NW)
 Salvia is largely distinct from that of Old World (OW) Salvia and that
 these differences are pollinator driven; that shifts in floral morphology
 sometimes mirror shifts in pollinators; that anther connectives (key
 constituents of the Salvia staminal lever) and styles co-evolved from
 curved to linear shapes following shifts from bee to bird pollination; and
 that morphological differences between NW and OW bee flowers are partly
 the legacy of constraints imposed by an earlier shift to bird pollination
 in the NW. The distinctive staminal lever in Salvia is a morphologically
 diverse structure that has evolved in concert with both the corolla and
 style, under different pollinator pressures, and in contingent fashion.
description: This data set was collected by scanning live plants and searching
 for illustrations of floral parts of the genus Salvia and relatives. These
 scans and illustrations were then outlined using the image processing
 sofware GIMP for further analysis. The script to run the analysis is
 provided.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc884
title: Data from: Data from: Seasonal polyphenism of Spotted-wing Drosophila is affected by variation in local abiotic conditions within its invaded range, likely influencing survival and regional population dynamics

description: 1. Overwintering Drosophila often display adaptive phenotypic differences
 beneficial for survival at low temperatures. However, it is unclear which
 morphological traits are the best estimators of abiotic conditions, how
 those traits are correlated with functional outcomes in cold tolerance,
 and whether there are regional differences in trait expression. 2. We used
 a combination of controlled laboratory assays, and collaborative field
 collections of invasive Drosophila suzukii in different areas of the
 United States, to study the factors affecting phenotype variability of
 this temperate fruit pest now found globally. 3. Lab studies demonstrated
 that WM trait expression is continuous within the developmental
 temperature niche of this species (10-25 °C) and that wing length and
 abdominal melanization are the best predictors of the larval abiotic
 environment. 4. However, the duration and timing of cold exposure also
 produced significant variation in development time, morphology, and
 survival at cold temperatures. During a stress test assay conducted at -5
 °C, although cold tolerance was greater among WM flies, long-term exposure
 to cold temperatures as adults significantly improved SM survival,
 indicating that these traits are not controlled by a single mechanism. 5.
 Among wild D. suzukii populations, we found that regional variation in
 abiotic conditions differentially affects the expression of external
 morphological traits, although further research is needed to determine
 whether these differences are genetic or environmental in origin and
 whether thermal susceptibility thresholds differ among populations within
 its invaded range.
description: These data were collated from several different experiments
 presented in Stockton et al. 2020, Ecology and Evolution. The format shown
 is what was used during statistical analysis using R software. No further
 formatting changes were made to the data during analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v15dv41tb
title: Data from: Phenotypic responses to temperature in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila

description: Understanding the effects of temperature on ecological and evolutionary
 processes is crucial for generating future climate adaptation scenarios.
 Using experimental evolution, we evolved the model ciliate Tetrahymena
 thermophila in an initially novel high temperature environment for more
 than 35 generations, closely monitoring population dynamics and
 morphological changes. We observed initially long lag phases in the high
 temperature environment that over about 26 generations reduced to no lag
 phase, a strong reduction in cell size and modifications in cell shape at
 high temperature. When exposing the adapted populations to their original
 temperature, most phenotypic traits returned to the observed levels in the
 ancestral populations, indicating phenotypic plasticity is an important
 component of this species thermal stress response. However, persistent
 changes in cell size were detected, indicating possible costs related to
 the adaptation process. Exploring the molecular basis of thermal
 adaptation will help clarify the mechanisms driving these phenotypic
 responses.
description: Experimental populations of <em>T. thermophila
 </em>were monitored with videos to estimate population abundances
 and obtain morphological measurements. The samples were placed in counting
 chambers and the videos were taken on a stereomicroscope (Leica M205 C)
 mounted with a digital CMOS camera (Hamamatsu Orca C11440, Hamamatsu
 Photonics, Japan) with 1.57X magnification. Each video comprised 125
 frames in 5 seconds. The videos were processed using the R package BEMOVI
 version 1.0 (Pennekamp, Schtickzelle, and Petchey 2015), which extracts
 morphological information of all the moving cells in the field of view and
 allows for population density estimation.
description: This study is comprised of two experiments, a pilot experiment in
 which <em>T. thermophila</em> was grown in a range of
 temperatures for two weeks (file names start with TempChoice), and a
 long-term experiment in which this species was grown at a high temperature
 close to its thermal limit (file names start with TempAdapt). The file
 TempChoice_abundance_dryad.csv contains abundance data from the pilot
 experiment. The files TempAdapt_morphology_dryad.csv and
 TempAdapt_abundances_dryad.csv contain morphology and abundance data from
 the long-term experiment. Each experiment also has a .xlm metadata file
 generated with the R package dmdScheme version 1.1.3 with more details
 about the experiment and the data.