cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3db38r1
title: Data from: Does local conspecific density and floral display size influence fruit set via pollinator visitation in Orchis militaris?

description: Plant density varies naturally, from isolated plants to clumped
 individuals, and can influence pollinator foraging behaviour and plant
 reproductive success. The effect of conspecific density could depend on
 the pollination system, and deceptive species differ from rewarding ones
 in this regard, a high density being often associated with low fruit set
 in deceptive plants. In our study, we aimed to determine how local
 conspecific density and floral display size (i.e. number of flowers per
 plant) affect fruit set in a deceptive orchid (Orchis militaris) through
 changes in pollinator visitation. We measured fruit set in a natural
 population and recorded pollinator abundance and foraging behaviour within
 plots of different O. militaris densities. Detailed data were recorded for
 the most abundant potential pollinators of O. militaris, i.e. solitary
 bees. Floral display size was negatively correlated to fruit set in
 medium-density plots, but uncorrelated in low- and high-density plots.
 Plot density had no effect on solitary bee abundance and visitation, which
 may be due to low pollinator abundance within the study site. The
 proportion of visited flowers per inflorescence was negatively influenced
 by floral display size, which is in line with previous studies. In
 addition, solitary bees spent decreasing time in successive flowers within
 an inflorescence, and the time spent per flower was negatively affected by
 ambient temperature. Our results suggest that pollinator behaviour during
 visitation is poorly linked to pollen deposition and reproductive success
 in O. militaris.
description: Henneresse_et_al_Orchis_militarisThe data file provides data collected in a single Belgian study site in May 2017. Data concern fruit set and potential pollinator visitation and abundance in the deceptive orchid species Orchis militaris, in relation to orchid density (plot density) and floral display size (number of flowers per inflorescence). Nearest neighbour distance and the number of open flowers per inflorescence during the study period are also given.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9m42814
title: Data from: Sexual size dimorphism, prey morphology, and catch success in relation to flight mechanics in the Peregrine Falcon: a simulation study

description: In common with many other raptors, female Peregrine Falcons Falco
 peregrinus are about 50% heavier than males. Their sexual dimorphism is
 thought to allow breeding pairs to exploit a wider range of prey through a
 division of labor: the male being able to catch more maneuverable prey
 species; the female capable of carrying larger ones. Given the difficulty
 of assessing the catch success and load carrying capacity of both sexes of
 falcon in the field, we here adopt a novel approach to test the
 division‐of‐labor theory by using a detailed physics‐based flight
 simulator of birds. We study attacks by male and female Peregrine Falcons
 on prey species ranging from small passerines to large ducks, testing how
 catch success relates to the flight performance of predator and prey.
 Males prove to be better than females at catching highly maneuverable prey
 in level flight, but the catch success of both sexes improves and becomes
 more similar when diving, because of the higher aerodynamic forces that
 are available to both sexes for maneuvering in high‐speed flight. The
 higher maximum roll acceleration of the male Peregrine Falcon explains its
 edge over the female in catching maneuverable prey in level flight.
 Overall, catch success is more strongly influenced by the differences in
 maneuverability that exist between different species of prey than between
 the different sexes of falcon. On the other hand, the female can carry up
 to 50% greater loads than the male. More generally, our detailed
 simulation approach highlights the importance of several previously
 overlooked features of attack and escape. In particular, we find that it
 is not the prey's instantaneous maximum centripetal acceleration but
 the prey's ability to sustain a high centripetal acceleration for an
 extended period of time that is the primary driver of the variation in
 catch success across species.
description: data_mills_2019Data underlying the figures, tables and results from https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01979. Data is ordered in subfolders per condition: ... Column names in the data files are self-explanatory.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8k81f14
title: Data from: Establishing rates of carbon sequestration in mangroves from an earthquake uplift event

description: We assessed the carbon stocks (CS) in mangroves that developed after a
 Magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Silonay, Oriental Mindoro, south Luzon,
 Philippines in November 1994. The earthquake resulted in a 50 cm uplift of
 sediment that provided new habitat within the upper intertidal zone which
 mangroves colonized (from &lt; 2 ha pre-earthquake to the current 45
 ha, 23 yrs post-earthquake). The site provided opportunity for a novel
 assessment of the rate of carbon sequestration in recently established
 mangroves. The CS were measured in above-ground, below-ground and sediment
 compartments over a seaward to landward transect. Results showed mean CS
 of 549 ± 30 Mg C/ha (of which 13% was from the above-ground biomass, 5%
 from the below-ground biomass, and 82% from the sediments). There was high
 carbon sequestration at 40-cm depth that can be inferred attributable to
 the developed mangroves. The calculated rate of C sequestration (over 23
 years post-earthquake) was 10.2 ± 0.7 Mg C/ha/yr and is comparable to
 rates reported from mangroves recovering from forest clearing. The rates
 we present here from newly developed mangroves contributes to calibrating
 estimates of total CS from restored mangroves (of different developmental
 stages) and in mangroves that are affected by disturbances.
description: Salmo et al_Biology
 Letters ms_supplemental data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3m9r7f7
title: Data from: Global distribution patterns of mycoheterotrophy

description: Aim: Mycoheterotrophy is a mode of life where plants cheat the mycorrhizal
 symbiosis, receiving carbon via their fungal partners. Despite being
 widespread, mycoheterotrophic plants are locally rare, hampering the
 understanding of their global environmental drivers. Here, we explore
 global environmental preferences of mycoheterotrophy, and investigate
 environmental drivers of differential habitat preferences of
 mycoheterotrophic plants associated with arbuscular (AM) and
 ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major
 taxa studied: Mycoheterotrophic flowering plants. Methods: We compiled the
 largest global dataset of epiparasitic mycoheterotrophic plant species
 occurrences and examined which environmental factors, including soil type,
 climate, vegetation type and distribution patterns of mycorrhizal
 autotrophic plants, relate to occurrence patterns of mycoheterotrophic
 plant species associated with AM and EM fungi. Results: Mycoheterotrophic
 plant species avoid cold and highly seasonal climates and show a strong
 preference for forests. AM-associated mycoheterotrophs are predominantly
 found in broadleaved tropical evergreen forests whereas EM-associated
 mycoheterotrophs occur in temperate regions, mostly in broadleaved
 deciduous and evergreen needleleaved forests. The abundance of AM and EM
 autotrophic plants was a weaker predictor for mycoheterotrophs occurrences
 than forest type. Temperature and precipitation variables - but not
 edaphic factors - were the best predictors explaining the distribution
 patterns of mycoheterotrophs after accounting for the effects of forest
 type. For individual lineages, major differences in environmental
 preferences (often related to edaphic factors) occurred which were
 significantly associated with plant evolutionary relationships, indicating
 that these cheater plants have limited adaptive capabilities. Main
 conclusions: The strong global geographic segregation of AM and EM
 mycoheterotrophs does not reflect the abundance of their potential
 autotrophic hosts, but seems to be driven by differential climate and
 habitat preferences. Our results highlight the non-trivial nature of
 mycorrhizal interactions, and indicate that identity of the partners is
 not enough to understand the underlying mechanisms promoting plant-fungal
 interactions in mycoheterotrophic plants.
description: SI_TableS1Mycoheterotrophic plants dataset. Dataset with the records of mycoheterotrophic plants. It contains the coordinates where the plants were collected (lat / lon), and the coordinates from the centroids of the grid cells where those records were found (Centroid_X / Centroid_Y). The variables from BioClim, HWSD, Gleam are standardized.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2r23j1q
title: Data from: Sequestration and biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in passion vine butterflies and consequences for the diversification of their host plants

description: The colorful heliconiine butterflies are distasteful to predators due to
 their content of defense compounds called cyanogenic glucosides (CNglcs),
 which they biosynthesize from aliphatic amino acids. Heliconiine larvae
 feed exclusively on Passiflora plants where ~30 kinds of CNglcs have been
 reported. Among them, some CNglcs derived from cyclopentenyl glycine can
 be sequestered by some Heliconius species. In order to understand the
 evolution of biosynthesis and sequestration of CNglcs in these butterflies
 and its consequences for their arms race with Passiflora plants, we
 analyzed the CNglc distribution in selected heliconiine and Passiflora
 species. Sequestration of cyclopentenyl CNglcs is not an exclusive trait
 of Heliconius, since these compounds were present in other heliconiines
 such as Philaethria, Dryas and Agraulis, and in more distantly related
 genera Cethosia and Euptoieta. Thus, it is likely that the ability to
 sequester cyclopentenyl CNglcs arose in an ancestor of the Heliconiinae
 subfamily. Biosynthesis of aliphatic CNglcs is widespread in these
 butterflies, although some species from the sara‐sapho group seem to have
 lost this ability. The CNglc distribution within Passiflora suggests that
 they might have diversified their cyanogenic profile to escape heliconiine
 herbivory. This systematic analysis improves our understanding on the
 evolution of cyanogenesis in the heliconiine–Passiflora system.
description: Heliconiine and
 Passiflora dataLC-MS/MS data from
 different species of heliconiine butterflies and Passiflora
 plants
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jq428t3
title: Data from: Risk of extinction of a unique skate population due to predation by a recovering marine mammal

description: Benefitting from reduced harvesting and an end to culling, many marine
 mammals are now recovering from past overexploitation. These recoveries
 represent important conservation successes but present a serious
 conservation problem when the recovering mammals are predators of species
 of conservation concern. Here we examine the role of predation by
 recovering grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the near-extinction of a
 unique skate population in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL) in
 Atlantic Canada. Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) in the sGSL are
 distinct from winter skate elsewhere and may represent an endemic species.
 Their adult abundance has declined by 98% since 1980 and these skates are
 now detectable in only a small fraction of their former range. Population
 modelling indicates that the ongoing collapse of this population is due to
 increases in the natural mortality of adults. Based on model projections
 this population would be extinct by mid-century if its current rate of
 productivity were to persist. A second population model incorporated
 predation by grey seals. Model estimates of skate consumption by seals
 were consistent with historical and recent estimates of the contribution
 of skates to grey seal diets. The estimated consumption accounted for the
 increases in the natural mortality of adult skates. A Type III functional
 response for grey seals preying on winter skate emerged from the model
 results. This indicates that, when skate abundance is very low, grey seals
 are expected to switch to alternate prey, resulting in declines in the
 mortality of skates due to predation. Consequently, contrary to
 projections at current productivity, winter skate are expected to be
 trapped at very low abundance in a “predator pit” instead of declining to
 extinction. Nonetheless, extinction risk would remain very high at the
 very small population size in the predator pit. Our results emphasize the
 need for an ecosystem-based approach to the management of living resources
 in this ecosystem.
description: EAP18-0326.R2_Biomass_IndicesBiomass indices for winter skate from the annual September bottom-trawl survey of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1971-2014 and from the Northumberland Strait survey (2000-2014). A composite index combining the two surveys is also included.README EAP18-0326.R2_Model_input_dataData inputs used to fit population models for winter skate in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence.EAP18-0326.R2_Model_input_data.csvEAP18-0326.R2_mapRVSampling locations and winter skate catch rates in the annual research vessel bottom-trawl survey of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1971-2014EAP18-0326.R2_mapNSSampling sites and winter skate catch rates in the Northumberland Strait survey in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, 2000-2014
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q635dh0
title: Data from: What determines how we see nature? Perceptions of naturalness in designed urban green spaces

description: The multiple benefits of ‘nature’ for human health and well‐being have
 been documented at an increasing rate over the past 30 years. A growing
 body of research also demonstrates the positive well‐being benefits of
 nature‐connectedness. There is, however, a lack of evidence about how
 people's subjective nature experience relates to deliberately
 designed and managed urban green infrastructure (GI) with definable
 ‘objective’ characteristics such as vegetation type, structure and
 density. Our study addresses this gap. Site users (n = 1411) were invited
 to walk through woodland, shrub and herbaceous planting at three
 distinctive levels of planting structure at 31 sites throughout England,
 whilst participating in a self‐guided questionnaire survey assessing
 reactions to aesthetics, perceived plant and invertebrate biodiversity,
 restorative effect, nature‐connectedness and socio‐demographic
 characteristics. There was a significant positive relationship between
 perceived naturalness and planting structure. Perceived naturalness was
 also positively related to the perceived plant and invertebrate
 biodiversity value, participants’ aesthetic appreciation and the
 self‐reported restorative effect of the planting. A negative relationship
 was recorded between perceived naturalness and perceived tidiness and
 care. Our findings showed that participants perceived ‘naturalness’ as
 biodiverse, attractive and restorative, but not necessarily tidy.
 Perceived naturalness was also related to participants’ educational
 qualifications, gender and nature‐connectedness, with women and more
 nature‐connected participants perceiving significantly greater levels of
 naturalness in the planting. These findings are highly significant for
 policymakers and built environment professionals throughout the world
 aiming to design, manage and fund urban GI to achieve positive human
 health and biodiversity outcomes. This applies particularly under
 austerity approaches to managing urban green spaces where local
 authorities have experienced cuts in funding and must prioritise and
 justify GI maintenance practices and regimes.
description: Complete Questionnaire
 DataResearch
 participants' responses to walking through designed woodland, shrub
 and herbaceous plantingComplete
 Data.sav
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8ct101p
title: Data from: Cholinergic modulation of hippocampal calcium activity across the sleep-wake cycle

description: Calcium is a critical second messenger in neurons that contributes to
 learning and memory, but how the coordination of action potentials of
 neuronal ensembles with the hippocampal local field potential (LFP) is
 reflected in dynamic calcium activity remains unclear. Here, we recorded
 hippocampal calcium activity with endoscopic imaging of the genetically
 encoded fluorophore GCaMP6 with concomitant LFP in freely behaving mice.
 Dynamic calcium activity was greater in exploratory behavior and REM sleep
 than in quiet wakefulness and slow wave sleep, behavioral states that
 differ with respect to theta and septal cholinergic activity, and
 modulated at sharp wave ripples (SWRs). Chemogenetic activation of septal
 cholinergic neurons expressing the excitatory hM3Dq DREADD increased
 calcium activity and reduced SWRs. Furthermore, inhibition of muscarinic
 acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) reduced calcium activity while increasing
 SWRs. These results demonstrate that hippocampal dynamic calcium activity
 depends on behavioral and theta state as well as endogenous mAChR
 activation.
description: Calcium
 fluorescencefluorescence time series
 of imaged somas and neuropil across 3 epochs: 1 run behavior; 2 sleep box;
 3 sleep boxCadata.matLFP datalocal field potential data from the pyramidal cell layer and stratum radiatum across 3 epochs: 1 run behavior; 2 sleep box; 3 sleep boxlfpdata.matPosition dataposition time series across 3 epochs: 1 run behavior; 2 sleep box; 3 sleep boxpositiondata.mat
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3jb647c
title: Data from: Key pollen host plants provide balanced diets for wild bee larvae: a lesson for planting flower strips and hedgerows

description: Bee‐friendly plants are defined by the quantity of food they produce and
 the visitation rates of adult insects foraging for nectar. However, it is
 pollen nutritional quality that enables proper larval development of bees,
 affecting their populations. Not all plants produce pollen that satisfies
 the nutritional requirements of bee larvae, and we lack an understanding
 of how different plant pollens impact bee nutritional demands. This study
 examined whether nutritionally desirable key plant species may promote
 wild bee larval development, which is essential if the population is to
 thrive. The generalist solitary mason bee Osmia bicornis L. was used as a
 model species to examine differences between bee larva nutritional demand
 and host plant nutrient supply; an ecological stoichiometry framework was
 applied. The stoichiometric ratios of 12 elements were investigated in bee
 bodies and cocoons (reflecting nutritional demand) and in the pollen
 supplied by the mother (nutritional supply; N = 15 × 2 sexes). Similarly,
 the stoichiometry of 62 pollen taxa, including native, alien, and garden
 plants and crops, was compared with the bee demand based on the
 literature. Compared to males, females had higher demands for P, Cu and Zn
 and were supplied with pollen richer in these elements. Therefore, when
 collecting pollen for their progeny, Osmia provides daughters and sons
 with different pollen mixtures, reflecting sex‐specific nutritional
 demand. Bees may be limited by the availability of P, Na, Mn, Mg, K, Fe,
 Ca, Zn and Cu, with high taxonomic variability in their concentrations in
 pollen. Female fitness may be particularly related to a high proportion of
 P in the diet. Synthesis and applications. Access to key plant species
 that allow nutritionally balanced larval diets may be essential for bee
 development, whether food is gathered intentionally or randomly. Such
 plant species—and not only those rich in nectar and pollen—should be
 promoted in wild bee conservation efforts, including planting flower
 strips and hedgerows. Bee‐friendly plants should not be defined and
 planted solely based on the quantities of food they produce and on the
 visitation rates of adult insects foraging for energy.
description: Concentrations and
 atomic ratios of elements measured in bee total production (body and
 cocoon) and pollen supply for 2 sexes (12 elements); raw data and
 statisticsConcentrations and
 atomic ratios of 12 elements: C, N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu
 in wild bee Osmia bicornis total production (body and cocoon) and in
 pollen collected by O.bicornis mothers for their progeny. Data collected
 in the field. Concentrations of elements are given for dry mass and were
 measured using atomic absorption spectrometers (Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 200
 and Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 800), CHNS analyzer (Vario EL III) and
 colorimeter (MLE FIA).S2_Table.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.886m8t6
title: Data from: Reproductive effort influences intra-seasonal variation in parasite-specific antibody responses in wild Soay sheep

description: A trade‐off between reproduction and immune function has been suggested to
 potentially underpin between‐individual and genetic variation in
 reproductive strategy, immunity, and lifespan, with potential consequences
 for host and parasite dynamics. Previous studies in wild animal
 populations have shown that experimentally‐induced or natural variation in
 reproductive effort is negatively associated with general immune markers.
 Few studies, however, have tackled this question by measuring specific
 immune responses against prevalent pathogens, and only rarely has
 variation in immune measures been linked to parasite burden, making it
 impossible to draw conclusions about the functional relevance of
 covariation between reproductive effort and immune markers. We collected
 faecal samples in a longitudinal manner from wild female Soay sheep across
 late pregnancy and early lactation, and measured gastrointestinal nematode
 faecal egg count (FEC) and worm‐specific antibody responses. FEC was
 highly repeatable, with ~80% of variation due to between‐individual
 differences, while three isotypes of worm‐specific and total antibodies
 had moderate repeatability (range: 11‐43%). Females making a greater
 reproductive effort (those that reproduced, and especially those with
 heavier litters), showed a more rapid increase in FEC across the season,
 while non‐reproducing females and those producing lighter litters
 experienced lower FEC and had higher antibody levels. Associations between
 antibodies and FEC were complex: worm‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G was
 negatively associated with FEC, while total IgM was positively associated,
 emphasizing the importance of measuring both immune markers and parasite
 burden in ecological studies. Our results support the predicted trade‐off
 between reproductive effort and parasite‐specific immunity: high
 reproductive effort can limit the ability of individuals to defend
 themselves against prevalent parasites, with potential downstream
 consequences for fitness and parasite transmission.
description: 2019-03-06 Hayward et al
 Soay dataData collected from wild
 Soay sheep during spring 2016. Each observation represents a faecal sample
 collected from a given individual on a given day, and the data associated
 with that. The associated data include the date of sample collection, a
 female's reproductive effort, and parasitological and immunological
 data measured from the sample.