cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367260
title: Supplementary Material for: The effect of renal ischemia/reperfusion on the renal expression of epithelial sodium channels in rat: possible role of neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein (Nedd4-2)

description: Aim
The epithelial sodium channel expressed in renal collecting duct epithelia plays a key role in regulating sodium balance. ENaC is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which binds to ⍺ENaC and causes its retrieval, under low energy conditions due to the activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Acute kidney injury (AKI) after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) disrupts sodium balance. In this study, we examined the impact of acute renal I/R on renal Na+ handling, ENaC subunits expression in renal membranes and the potential role of AMPK-Nedd4-2 pathway in this process.
Methods:
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups; ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, in which both renal arteries were occluded for 30 minutes, and sham group. Data was collected forty-eight hours post I/R. To confirm acute kidney injury, tubular damage and serum creatinine levels were assessed. Serum Na+ concentration and urinary sodium excretion rate were measured. Renal gene expression of α, β and γ-ENaC subunits was studied using RT-PCR with hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) as a house-keeping gene. Protein expression of α, β and γ-ENaC in renal homogenates and membrane fractions and protein expression of Nedd4-2, phospho-Nedd4-2, AMPK, and p-AMPK in renal homogenates were assessed by Western blot. Results were expressed as mean ±SEM. Control groups were compared to I/R groups using student t test and p&lt;0.05 was set as significant. 
Results: 
Acute kidney injury after I/R was confirmed by revealing a significant tubular cell damage and the rise in serum creatinine levels (1.66± 0.14 in I/R vs. 0.64±0.09 in sham group, p&lt;0.001). Serum Na+ concentration and Na+ excretion rate were not altered after I/R. Gene expression of ENaC subunits was not affected by I/R, however protein expression of α-ENaC was decreased in renal membranes (0.03±0.003 in I/R vs. 0.05±0.01 in sham group, p&lt;0.05), with no change in β or γ expression. There were increases in the expressions of Nedd4-2 (0.27±0.04 vs. 0.09±0.03, p&lt;0.05), p-Nedd4-2 (0.15±0.04 vs. 0.04±0.01, p&lt;0.05), AMPK (0.09±0.01 vs. 0.03±0.02, p&lt;0.05) and p-AMPK (1.05±0.2 vs. 0.6±0, p&lt;0.05) indicating the activation of AMPK-Nedd4-2 pathway. 
 Conclusions
Ischemia reperfusion caused renal injury, however, did not affect renal sodium handling. A decrease in membrane expression of α-ENaC was detected without a change in total α-ENaC suggesting ENaC trafficking into the cell. This occurred with the concomitant activation of AMPK-Nedd4-2 pathway, which is known to cause retrieval of ENaC and decrease its membrane expression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367260.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The effect of renal ischemia/reperfusion on the renal expression of epithelial sodium channels in rat: possible role of neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein (Nedd4-2)

description: Aim
The epithelial sodium channel expressed in renal collecting duct epithelia plays a key role in regulating sodium balance. ENaC is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which binds to ⍺ENaC and causes its retrieval, under low energy conditions due to the activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Acute kidney injury (AKI) after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) disrupts sodium balance. In this study, we examined the impact of acute renal I/R on renal Na+ handling, ENaC subunits expression in renal membranes and the potential role of AMPK-Nedd4-2 pathway in this process.
Methods:
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups; ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, in which both renal arteries were occluded for 30 minutes, and sham group. Data was collected forty-eight hours post I/R. To confirm acute kidney injury, tubular damage and serum creatinine levels were assessed. Serum Na+ concentration and urinary sodium excretion rate were measured. Renal gene expression of α, β and γ-ENaC subunits was studied using RT-PCR with hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) as a house-keeping gene. Protein expression of α, β and γ-ENaC in renal homogenates and membrane fractions and protein expression of Nedd4-2, phospho-Nedd4-2, AMPK, and p-AMPK in renal homogenates were assessed by Western blot. Results were expressed as mean ±SEM. Control groups were compared to I/R groups using student t test and p&lt;0.05 was set as significant. 
Results: 
Acute kidney injury after I/R was confirmed by revealing a significant tubular cell damage and the rise in serum creatinine levels (1.66± 0.14 in I/R vs. 0.64±0.09 in sham group, p&lt;0.001). Serum Na+ concentration and Na+ excretion rate were not altered after I/R. Gene expression of ENaC subunits was not affected by I/R, however protein expression of α-ENaC was decreased in renal membranes (0.03±0.003 in I/R vs. 0.05±0.01 in sham group, p&lt;0.05), with no change in β or γ expression. There were increases in the expressions of Nedd4-2 (0.27±0.04 vs. 0.09±0.03, p&lt;0.05), p-Nedd4-2 (0.15±0.04 vs. 0.04±0.01, p&lt;0.05), AMPK (0.09±0.01 vs. 0.03±0.02, p&lt;0.05) and p-AMPK (1.05±0.2 vs. 0.6±0, p&lt;0.05) indicating the activation of AMPK-Nedd4-2 pathway. 
 Conclusions
Ischemia reperfusion caused renal injury, however, did not affect renal sodium handling. A decrease in membrane expression of α-ENaC was detected without a change in total α-ENaC suggesting ENaC trafficking into the cell. This occurred with the concomitant activation of AMPK-Nedd4-2 pathway, which is known to cause retrieval of ENaC and decrease its membrane expression.
DOI: 10.25549/rbm-c58-13963
title: Nude woman stumbling and falling on the ground

description: Nude woman stumbling and falling on the ground. This is plate 272, captioned "Stumbling and falling on the ground" from Eadweard Muybridge. Animal locomotion: an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements. 1872-1885 / published under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania. Plates. The plates printed by the Photo-Gravure Company. Philadelphia, 1887.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367263
title: Supplementary Material for: Oral Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Disorder of the Temporomandibular Region: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

description: Introduction: The efficacy of oral cannabidiol for management of myofascial pain disorder (MPD) of the temporomandibular region remains understudied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if cannabinoids provide pain relief and improved jaw function in patients with MPD of the temporomandibular region.

Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects with pain (≥30 on visual analog scale [VAS]) were screened for MPD as defined by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). The primary predictor variable was MPD treatment with random assignment to CBD or placebo (hemp seed oil). The primary outcome variable was jaw pain at 1 month (T1) using a VAS. The secondary outcome variable was pain at 2 months (T2) and 3 months (T3), and jaw function (Jaw Functional Limitation Scale) measured at T1, T2, and T3. Exploratory variable is occurrence of adverse effects from CBD oil versus placebo. Statistical tests included the Chi-squared test, Friedman rank-sum test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. 

Results: A total of 54 subjects with a median age of 36 (IQR: 30, 51) and 32 (28, 39) years in the CBD oil and placebo groups, respectively (p=0.34 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Females represented 28 (80%) and 15 (79%) of the study groups, respectively (p=0.99 by chi-square test). Median VAS pain score in the CBD group was 50 (40, 72), 43 (35, 59), 50 (28, 62), and 45 (25, 62) at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively; and the placebo group was 50 (40, 70), 44 (30, 63), 50 (28, 62), and 50 (26, 62) at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS pain observed between the groups at any time point (p&gt;0.56 for all by Wilcoxon rank sum test). Within-group improvement in jaw function was seen for both the CBD and placebo groups (p=0.002), but no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. 

Conclusion: Both CBD and hemp seed oil did appear to improve jaw function over time but neither treatment improved pain.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367263.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Oral Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Disorder of the Temporomandibular Region: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

description: Introduction: The efficacy of oral cannabidiol for management of myofascial pain disorder (MPD) of the temporomandibular region remains understudied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if cannabinoids provide pain relief and improved jaw function in patients with MPD of the temporomandibular region.

Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects with pain (≥30 on visual analog scale [VAS]) were screened for MPD as defined by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). The primary predictor variable was MPD treatment with random assignment to CBD or placebo (hemp seed oil). The primary outcome variable was jaw pain at 1 month (T1) using a VAS. The secondary outcome variable was pain at 2 months (T2) and 3 months (T3), and jaw function (Jaw Functional Limitation Scale) measured at T1, T2, and T3. Exploratory variable is occurrence of adverse effects from CBD oil versus placebo. Statistical tests included the Chi-squared test, Friedman rank-sum test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. 

Results: A total of 54 subjects with a median age of 36 (IQR: 30, 51) and 32 (28, 39) years in the CBD oil and placebo groups, respectively (p=0.34 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Females represented 28 (80%) and 15 (79%) of the study groups, respectively (p=0.99 by chi-square test). Median VAS pain score in the CBD group was 50 (40, 72), 43 (35, 59), 50 (28, 62), and 45 (25, 62) at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively; and the placebo group was 50 (40, 70), 44 (30, 63), 50 (28, 62), and 50 (26, 62) at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS pain observed between the groups at any time point (p&gt;0.56 for all by Wilcoxon rank sum test). Within-group improvement in jaw function was seen for both the CBD and placebo groups (p=0.002), but no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. 

Conclusion: Both CBD and hemp seed oil did appear to improve jaw function over time but neither treatment improved pain.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18690887
title: Linked collectors and determiners for: A redescription of the species of Eupolybothrus Verhoeff s. str. preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) and the Hope departement of Zoology Oxford (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha).

description: Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A redescription of the species of Eupolybothrus Verhoeff s. str. preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) and the Hope departement of Zoology Oxford (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/c45d2e6e-acd9-4dc4-97e5-94d24a7a65aa using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/c45d2e6e-acd9-4dc4-97e5-94d24a7a65aa. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
DOI: 10.25549/rbm-c58-13992
title: Nude man playing baseball, pitching

description: Nude man playing baseball, pitching. This is plate 273, captioned "Baseball, pitching" from Eadweard Muybridge. Animal locomotion: an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements. 1872-1885 / published under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania. Plates. The plates printed by the Photo-Gravure Company. Philadelphia, 1887.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10503715
title: Linked collectors and determiners for: A redescription of the species of Eupolybothrus Verhoeff s. str. preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) and the Hope departement of Zoology Oxford (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha).

description: Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A redescription of the species of Eupolybothrus Verhoeff s. str. preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) and the Hope departement of Zoology Oxford (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/c45d2e6e-acd9-4dc4-97e5-94d24a7a65aa using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/c45d2e6e-acd9-4dc4-97e5-94d24a7a65aa. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367266
title: Supplementary Material for: Comparative Evaluation of Five Prognostic Scoring Systems in Pauci-İmmune Necrotizing and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

description: Introduction
Pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis (PiNCGN) is a leading cause of rapidly progressive kidney failure. Several prognostic tools—Berden classification, Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS), Percentage of ANCA Crescents Score (PACS), ANCA Renal Risk Score (ARRS), and the improved ANCA Kidney Risk Score (AKRiS)—have been developed to predict renal outcomes, but data on their performance in ANCA-negative patients remain scarce. This study evaluated the prognostic value of these scoring systems in a PiNCGN cohort.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with biopsy-proven PiNCGN. Demographic, laboratory, and histopathological data were collected, and patients were categorized according to all five risk scores. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), defined as initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation. Kaplan–Meier survival and log-rank tests were applied to assess prognostic discrimination.
Results
Of 100 patients, 86 were ANCA-positive and 14 ANCA-negative. Median age was 58.5 years; 41% were male. Induction therapy consisted of glucocorticoids with cyclophosphamide or rituximab, followed by azathioprine, mycophenolate, or rituximab for maintenance. Over a median follow-up of 12 months, 52 patients died and 21 progressed to ESKD. In ANCA-positive patients, ARRS and AKRiS best predicted ESKD. In ANCA-negative patients, AKRiS additionally predicted both mortality and ESKD. Other scores demonstrated limited utility.
Conclusion
ARRS and AKRiS provided the most consistent prognostic stratification in PiNCGN, with AKRiS uniquely retaining value in ANCA-negative patients. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of composite scoring systems across the spectrum of PiNCGN, although prospective multicenter validation remains warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367266.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Comparative Evaluation of Five Prognostic Scoring Systems in Pauci-İmmune Necrotizing and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

description: Introduction
Pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis (PiNCGN) is a leading cause of rapidly progressive kidney failure. Several prognostic tools—Berden classification, Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS), Percentage of ANCA Crescents Score (PACS), ANCA Renal Risk Score (ARRS), and the improved ANCA Kidney Risk Score (AKRiS)—have been developed to predict renal outcomes, but data on their performance in ANCA-negative patients remain scarce. This study evaluated the prognostic value of these scoring systems in a PiNCGN cohort.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with biopsy-proven PiNCGN. Demographic, laboratory, and histopathological data were collected, and patients were categorized according to all five risk scores. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), defined as initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation. Kaplan–Meier survival and log-rank tests were applied to assess prognostic discrimination.
Results
Of 100 patients, 86 were ANCA-positive and 14 ANCA-negative. Median age was 58.5 years; 41% were male. Induction therapy consisted of glucocorticoids with cyclophosphamide or rituximab, followed by azathioprine, mycophenolate, or rituximab for maintenance. Over a median follow-up of 12 months, 52 patients died and 21 progressed to ESKD. In ANCA-positive patients, ARRS and AKRiS best predicted ESKD. In ANCA-negative patients, AKRiS additionally predicted both mortality and ESKD. Other scores demonstrated limited utility.
Conclusion
ARRS and AKRiS provided the most consistent prognostic stratification in PiNCGN, with AKRiS uniquely retaining value in ANCA-negative patients. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of composite scoring systems across the spectrum of PiNCGN, although prospective multicenter validation remains warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367269
title: Supplementary Material for: Identifying Transdiagnostic Predictors of Depression Across Psychoses: Informing Stratified Antidepressant Treatments

description: Introduction: Depression frequently co-occurs with psychosis and is associated with poor outcomes. Early identification of patients at risk of persistent depression remains challenging, limiting opportunities for stratified treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate the transdiagnostic generalizability of machine learning (ML) models predicting depressive episodes across the affective–psychotic spectrum and whether model-informed predictions could identify patients who may benefit from antidepressant treatment.
Methods: Support vector machine models were trained to predict depressive episodes within 6 months using clinical and physiological data from two large, multisite first-episode psychosis (FEP) trials: EUFEST (n=447) and RAISE-ETP (n=288), totalling 735 participants. A nested cross-validation framework was used to evaluate model performance. Generalizability was tested in psychotic depression (PD) patients from the STOP-PD trial (n=142), which compared olanzapine plus sertraline versus olanzapine plus placebo.
Results: Models predicted depressive episodes in the FEP sample with a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 69% (sensitivity: 65.7%, specificity: 72.4%). When applied to STOP-PD patients treated with olanzapine plus placebo, FEP-trained models achieved a BAC of 65.2% (sensitivity: 58.3%, specificity: 72.0%) in predicting 3-month non-remission. In the olanzapine plus sertraline group, predictions were at chance levels (BAC: 47.2%, sensitivity: 48.4%, specificity: 46.0%), reflecting sertraline’s therapeutic effects.
Conclusion: ML models can identify shared risk signatures for depression across the psychosis–affective spectrum. Patterns of depressive episodes in FEP patients share predictive features with PD patients not receiving antidepressants, while adjunctive antidepressant treatment improves remission outcomes beyond model expectations. These findings support ML-informed treatment stratification to identify patients unlikely to benefit from antipsychotic monotherapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367269.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Identifying Transdiagnostic Predictors of Depression Across Psychoses: Informing Stratified Antidepressant Treatments

description: Introduction: Depression frequently co-occurs with psychosis and is associated with poor outcomes. Early identification of patients at risk of persistent depression remains challenging, limiting opportunities for stratified treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate the transdiagnostic generalizability of machine learning (ML) models predicting depressive episodes across the affective–psychotic spectrum and whether model-informed predictions could identify patients who may benefit from antidepressant treatment.
Methods: Support vector machine models were trained to predict depressive episodes within 6 months using clinical and physiological data from two large, multisite first-episode psychosis (FEP) trials: EUFEST (n=447) and RAISE-ETP (n=288), totalling 735 participants. A nested cross-validation framework was used to evaluate model performance. Generalizability was tested in psychotic depression (PD) patients from the STOP-PD trial (n=142), which compared olanzapine plus sertraline versus olanzapine plus placebo.
Results: Models predicted depressive episodes in the FEP sample with a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 69% (sensitivity: 65.7%, specificity: 72.4%). When applied to STOP-PD patients treated with olanzapine plus placebo, FEP-trained models achieved a BAC of 65.2% (sensitivity: 58.3%, specificity: 72.0%) in predicting 3-month non-remission. In the olanzapine plus sertraline group, predictions were at chance levels (BAC: 47.2%, sensitivity: 48.4%, specificity: 46.0%), reflecting sertraline’s therapeutic effects.
Conclusion: ML models can identify shared risk signatures for depression across the psychosis–affective spectrum. Patterns of depressive episodes in FEP patients share predictive features with PD patients not receiving antidepressants, while adjunctive antidepressant treatment improves remission outcomes beyond model expectations. These findings support ML-informed treatment stratification to identify patients unlikely to benefit from antipsychotic monotherapy.
DOI: 10.25549/rbm-c58-13993
title: Nude man playing baseball, pitching

description: Nude man playing baseball, pitching. This is plate 273, captioned "Baseball, pitching" from Eadweard Muybridge. Animal locomotion: an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements. 1872-1885 / published under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania. Plates. The plates printed by the Photo-Gravure Company. Philadelphia, 1887.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31367272
title: Supplementary Material for: Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities of Dental Caries Experience Among 12-Year-Olds in Chile: an Ecological Cohort Study

description: Introduction
Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood dental caries remain a major public health concern, even in countries with declining overall prevalence. Chile provides a unique setting to examine these inequalities nationally and assess the potential mitigating role of systemic fluoride delivery programmes.

Methods
This ecological cohort study analysed 1,261,690 dental examinations of 12-year-olds across 325 Chilean municipalities from 2009 to 2023, representing 99.8% of eligible national records. Caries prevalence was modelled against area socioeconomic deprivation (IDSE deciles), adjusting for rurality and systemic fluoride delivery programmes, and weighting for number of total examinations by municipality/year. Inequality metrics included Absolute Rate Difference (ARD), Slope Index of Inequality (SII), and Relative Index of Inequality (RII).

Results
A strong and persistent socioeconomic gradient was observed: adolescents in the most deprived municipalities had a 17 percentage-point higher caries prevalence than those in the least deprived (β = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.14). This gradient followed a dose-response pattern and was confirmed by summary measures (ARD = 0.151; RRR = 1.234). Temporal analysis revealed peak inequality pre-pandemic (SII = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.14), followed by a steady decline post-2018, reaching non-significant levels by 2023 (SII = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.15, 0.06). Fluoridation programmes modestly attenuated the deprivation gradient by 24% (β = -0.13), though they explained limited variance (ΔR² = 0.04).

Conclusion
Socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries among Chilean adolescents remain substantial, despite national declines in prevalence. While systemic fluoridation contributes to modest reductions in inequality, structural determinants are the primary drivers of persistent inequalities.