cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318737.v1
title: Intratidal variability and transport of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons in an anthropized tropical estuarine system: the Suape estuary (8.4S 35W)

description: Abstract The Suape Estuary encompasses the Suape Industrial Port Complex (SIPC), a major industrial development in Brazil's Northeast region, which, in order to be implanted, caused drastic environmental changes in this system. This study presents the first physical characterization of the Suape estuarine system, focusing on the local hydrodynamics, material transport and its influence on some specific properties. Physical properties were also associated to dissolved dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPHs). A study was undertaken during a complete semi-diurnal tidal cycle (13 hr), during which water level, water flow, current velocity and direction, water properties (salinity, temperature, suspended particulate matter - SPM -, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen) were recorded using ADCP and CTD systems. The DDPHs were investigated in surface and bottom waters, by spectrofluorescence, using Carmópolis oil and chrysene as analytical standards. Results showed a well-mixed vertical structure, a semi-diurnal tide regime and a diurnal thermal pattern. There was no statistical difference between DDPH concentrations at surface and bottom, due to the tide acting as an important homogenizer. DDPHs were low and the main contribution seems to be that from SIPC, as the residual transport of DDPHs, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen, was towards the Massangana estuary. An opposite pattern was observed for salinity and SPM, whose residual transport was towards the lagoon. The results pointed local hydrodynamics as an essential tool for understanding material transport and exchanges among the estuarine segments. A longer time series should be studied in order to obtain more robust conclusions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318737
title: Intratidal variability and transport of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons in an anthropized tropical estuarine system: the Suape estuary (8.4S 35W)

description: Abstract The Suape Estuary encompasses the Suape Industrial Port Complex (SIPC), a major industrial development in Brazil's Northeast region, which, in order to be implanted, caused drastic environmental changes in this system. This study presents the first physical characterization of the Suape estuarine system, focusing on the local hydrodynamics, material transport and its influence on some specific properties. Physical properties were also associated to dissolved dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPHs). A study was undertaken during a complete semi-diurnal tidal cycle (13 hr), during which water level, water flow, current velocity and direction, water properties (salinity, temperature, suspended particulate matter - SPM -, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen) were recorded using ADCP and CTD systems. The DDPHs were investigated in surface and bottom waters, by spectrofluorescence, using Carmópolis oil and chrysene as analytical standards. Results showed a well-mixed vertical structure, a semi-diurnal tide regime and a diurnal thermal pattern. There was no statistical difference between DDPH concentrations at surface and bottom, due to the tide acting as an important homogenizer. DDPHs were low and the main contribution seems to be that from SIPC, as the residual transport of DDPHs, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen, was towards the Massangana estuary. An opposite pattern was observed for salinity and SPM, whose residual transport was towards the lagoon. The results pointed local hydrodynamics as an essential tool for understanding material transport and exchanges among the estuarine segments. A longer time series should be studied in order to obtain more robust conclusions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318017
title: The legacy of man-made organic compounds in surface sediments of Pina Sound and Suape Estuary, northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are man-made organic chemicals that have adverse effects on aquatic organisms, sometimes altering ecosystem functioning with potential consequences for the coastal carbon cycle. This study assessed PCBs and OCPs in surface sediments of two estuaries with distinct historical land use on the coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. OCPs such as HCB, aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin, mirex, methoxychlor, endosulfans (α- and β-isomers), HCHs (α-, β-, γ- and δ-isomers) and chlordane-related compounds were below their respective limits of detection in all samples. Mean levels of PCBs in Pina Sound and Suape Estuary were 4.37 and 0.94 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Average concentrations of DDTs in those same estuaries were 5.24 and 0.42 ng g-1 dw, respectively. No significant correlations were found between mud and contaminants (either PCBs or DDTs) at Pina Sound. In contrast, PCBs were significantly associated with mud at Suape Estuary. The greater contamination found at Pina Sound is consistent with land use of the urban, densely populated city of Recife. Residues of DDTs found in sediments of both estuaries reflect past local usage. Occasional adverse biological effects may be expected due to the levels of DDTs at several sites in Pina Sound. Lower levels of chemicals such as PCBs in the newly industrialized Suape Estuary suggest that a similarly low impact of legacy pollutants may be expected for future industrial enterprises around the world.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318017.v1
title: The legacy of man-made organic compounds in surface sediments of Pina Sound and Suape Estuary, northeastern Brazil

description: Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are man-made organic chemicals that have adverse effects on aquatic organisms, sometimes altering ecosystem functioning with potential consequences for the coastal carbon cycle. This study assessed PCBs and OCPs in surface sediments of two estuaries with distinct historical land use on the coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. OCPs such as HCB, aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin, mirex, methoxychlor, endosulfans (α- and β-isomers), HCHs (α-, β-, γ- and δ-isomers) and chlordane-related compounds were below their respective limits of detection in all samples. Mean levels of PCBs in Pina Sound and Suape Estuary were 4.37 and 0.94 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Average concentrations of DDTs in those same estuaries were 5.24 and 0.42 ng g-1 dw, respectively. No significant correlations were found between mud and contaminants (either PCBs or DDTs) at Pina Sound. In contrast, PCBs were significantly associated with mud at Suape Estuary. The greater contamination found at Pina Sound is consistent with land use of the urban, densely populated city of Recife. Residues of DDTs found in sediments of both estuaries reflect past local usage. Occasional adverse biological effects may be expected due to the levels of DDTs at several sites in Pina Sound. Lower levels of chemicals such as PCBs in the newly industrialized Suape Estuary suggest that a similarly low impact of legacy pollutants may be expected for future industrial enterprises around the world.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318170
title: Oligotrophic water conditions associated with organic matter regeneration support life and indicate pollution on the western side of Fernando de Noronha Island - NE, Brazil (3°S)

description: Abstract Oligotrophy has its basis in low inorganic nutrient availability and it is generally known that in equatorial waters inorganic nutrient availability is insufficient to sustain the richness of life observed in some special places at this latitude. Thus, the understanding of the organic dissolved component role in N and P biogeochemical cycles could explain the support of the food chain in oligotrophic equatorial waters. This study was undertaken for the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of nutrient availability and the participation of dissolved organic components in the trophic conditions of an oceanic equatorial island in the South Atlantic. Water and phytoplankton were sampled on the western fringe of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in March 2015. Tropical oceanic conditions prevailed in this oceanic domain with high salinity (&gt;36.19) and temperatures (&gt;28.30°C). The oceanic conditions assured a high pH and dissolved oxygen levels (&gt;5.00 mL L-1). Alkalinity showed slight variations, its lowest values being associated with biological interaction. Suspended particulate matter was relatively low and its organic fraction was associated with the productive process and/or pollution contribution, which is confirmed mainly by high DON concentrations (~4.00 µmol L-1) with an association with high total chlorophyll in the primary production process and with urea in the pollution situation. The urea content attained 2.77 µmol L-1 at a waste disposal outlet when a contamination event was observed in the region. The available inorganic nutrients showed low concentrations with an N-ammonium average of 1.99±0.64 µmol L-1, nitrate with an average of 0.13±0.04 µmol L-1, and nitrite with an average of 0.19±0.13 µmol L-1. The DIN varied from 0.74 to 4.32 µmol L-1, principally represented by N-ammonium. DOC showed values of from 53 to 109 µmol L-1 and the DOC:DON ratio confirmed the organic source as being an inorganic N pool of oxidized organic matter and indicated that nitrogen-rich compounds are recycled faster than carbon-rich compounds. Total chlorophyll concentrations reached 0.81 mg m-3 and the noteworthy presence of filamentous cyanobacteria despite low inorganic nitrogen availability lead to a trophic chain initially supported with the contribution of a fixation process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318170.v1
title: Oligotrophic water conditions associated with organic matter regeneration support life and indicate pollution on the western side of Fernando de Noronha Island - NE, Brazil (3°S)

description: Abstract Oligotrophy has its basis in low inorganic nutrient availability and it is generally known that in equatorial waters inorganic nutrient availability is insufficient to sustain the richness of life observed in some special places at this latitude. Thus, the understanding of the organic dissolved component role in N and P biogeochemical cycles could explain the support of the food chain in oligotrophic equatorial waters. This study was undertaken for the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of nutrient availability and the participation of dissolved organic components in the trophic conditions of an oceanic equatorial island in the South Atlantic. Water and phytoplankton were sampled on the western fringe of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in March 2015. Tropical oceanic conditions prevailed in this oceanic domain with high salinity (&gt;36.19) and temperatures (&gt;28.30°C). The oceanic conditions assured a high pH and dissolved oxygen levels (&gt;5.00 mL L-1). Alkalinity showed slight variations, its lowest values being associated with biological interaction. Suspended particulate matter was relatively low and its organic fraction was associated with the productive process and/or pollution contribution, which is confirmed mainly by high DON concentrations (~4.00 µmol L-1) with an association with high total chlorophyll in the primary production process and with urea in the pollution situation. The urea content attained 2.77 µmol L-1 at a waste disposal outlet when a contamination event was observed in the region. The available inorganic nutrients showed low concentrations with an N-ammonium average of 1.99±0.64 µmol L-1, nitrate with an average of 0.13±0.04 µmol L-1, and nitrite with an average of 0.19±0.13 µmol L-1. The DIN varied from 0.74 to 4.32 µmol L-1, principally represented by N-ammonium. DOC showed values of from 53 to 109 µmol L-1 and the DOC:DON ratio confirmed the organic source as being an inorganic N pool of oxidized organic matter and indicated that nitrogen-rich compounds are recycled faster than carbon-rich compounds. Total chlorophyll concentrations reached 0.81 mg m-3 and the noteworthy presence of filamentous cyanobacteria despite low inorganic nitrogen availability lead to a trophic chain initially supported with the contribution of a fixation process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6317894
title: Influence of fluvial discharge on the dynamics of Chlorophyll-α in the continental shelf adjacent to the Recife Port Basin (Pernambuco-Brazil)

description: Abstract This study was undertaken in the coastal zone of the state of Pernambuco adjacent to the Recife port area, which corresponds to the inner shelf. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of chlorophyll-a and several other environmental variables. Sampling was undertaken bimonthly on the surface from September 11th to May 10th, thus including the rainy and dry periods, and during low tide in spring tide. The parameters analyzed were chlorophyll-a, salinity, temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, pH, suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients. Phytoplankton biomass ranged from 13.48 to 145.09 mg m-3 in the estuarine area and on the inner shelf, the variation being from 0.24 to 19.29 mg m-3 in the dry season and from 0.78 to 5.20 mg m-3 in the rainy season. PCA showed a direct relationship of chlorophyll-a with ammonia, phosphate and transparency and an inverse relationship with suspended particulate matter and nitrate. Biomass did not vary significantly different as a result of seasonal or spatial dynamics. The estuary of the Capibaribe River is considered highly impacted, and as it forms the Recife port basin, it joins with two more strongly eutrophic water bodies, the Beberibe River and the Pina Basin, leading to an amplification of its influence on the adjacent shelf. In terms of the river plume's dispersion in the Port of Recife, the presence of a dike causes some disturbance in the direction of the current, limiting the plume to the area close to the coast and influences the oceanographic variables on the inner continental shelf.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318293
title: Different silicon forms sinalize an input of urbanized river and indicate the presence of phytoplankton with silicon structures in the tropical coastal area of Recife (PE-Brazil)

description: Abstract The urbanized areas mark its presence in the hydrological systems with some biogeochemical signs including silicon inputs. Natural influence of leaching and erosion is done by silicate contribution and sometimes, the agriculturally soil contains microphytoliths and contributes with biogenic silica. Once in the hydrological system, the silicon can integrate the biogeochemical cycles showing a balance or not between inorganic and biological forms that reveals a tendency of processes that occur in each sector of the estuarine-marine interface. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a heavily polluted/urbanized river, whose input can be evidenced by the contribution of different forms of silicon that can evidence the terrestrial contribution, erosion process, the presence of phytoplankton species with siliceous structures, mainly associated to diatoms and also, to study the river plume spreading on the coastal area by undertaking silicon profiles in the region adjacent to the river mouth. The coastal region of Recife is under influence of fluvial inputs from Capibaribe and Beberibe rivers verified by observed low salinity (min. 33.93). The distribution of silicon forms showed sectorial variation, and the maximum values were dissimilar. Dissolved silicate reached 14.40 µmol L-1, lithogenic silicon (LSi) maximum of 25.76 µmol L-1 and biogenic silica (BSi) reaching 7.39 µmol L-1 near the river mouth toward the sea, evidencing the river influence coming from the west, achieving the port barrier at the end and propagating in the sea toward northeast. Due to higher nutrient availability in the stations nearest to the coast, primary production was encouraged with evidencing by high values of chlorophyll-a associated to silicate (r=0.71) and to BSi (r=0.44). In the stations more distant to the coast, the forms of silicon showed very low concentrations and BSi/Chlorophyll-a showed negative correlation associated with chlorophyll-a concentrations evidencing the participation of non-silicon actors in the primary production in medium depth in oligotrophic tropical waters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318293.v1
title: Different silicon forms sinalize an input of urbanized river and indicate the presence of phytoplankton with silicon structures in the tropical coastal area of Recife (PE-Brazil)

description: Abstract The urbanized areas mark its presence in the hydrological systems with some biogeochemical signs including silicon inputs. Natural influence of leaching and erosion is done by silicate contribution and sometimes, the agriculturally soil contains microphytoliths and contributes with biogenic silica. Once in the hydrological system, the silicon can integrate the biogeochemical cycles showing a balance or not between inorganic and biological forms that reveals a tendency of processes that occur in each sector of the estuarine-marine interface. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a heavily polluted/urbanized river, whose input can be evidenced by the contribution of different forms of silicon that can evidence the terrestrial contribution, erosion process, the presence of phytoplankton species with siliceous structures, mainly associated to diatoms and also, to study the river plume spreading on the coastal area by undertaking silicon profiles in the region adjacent to the river mouth. The coastal region of Recife is under influence of fluvial inputs from Capibaribe and Beberibe rivers verified by observed low salinity (min. 33.93). The distribution of silicon forms showed sectorial variation, and the maximum values were dissimilar. Dissolved silicate reached 14.40 µmol L-1, lithogenic silicon (LSi) maximum of 25.76 µmol L-1 and biogenic silica (BSi) reaching 7.39 µmol L-1 near the river mouth toward the sea, evidencing the river influence coming from the west, achieving the port barrier at the end and propagating in the sea toward northeast. Due to higher nutrient availability in the stations nearest to the coast, primary production was encouraged with evidencing by high values of chlorophyll-a associated to silicate (r=0.71) and to BSi (r=0.44). In the stations more distant to the coast, the forms of silicon showed very low concentrations and BSi/Chlorophyll-a showed negative correlation associated with chlorophyll-a concentrations evidencing the participation of non-silicon actors in the primary production in medium depth in oligotrophic tropical waters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6317894.v1
title: Influence of fluvial discharge on the dynamics of Chlorophyll-α in the continental shelf adjacent to the Recife Port Basin (Pernambuco-Brazil)

description: Abstract This study was undertaken in the coastal zone of the state of Pernambuco adjacent to the Recife port area, which corresponds to the inner shelf. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of chlorophyll-a and several other environmental variables. Sampling was undertaken bimonthly on the surface from September 11th to May 10th, thus including the rainy and dry periods, and during low tide in spring tide. The parameters analyzed were chlorophyll-a, salinity, temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, pH, suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients. Phytoplankton biomass ranged from 13.48 to 145.09 mg m-3 in the estuarine area and on the inner shelf, the variation being from 0.24 to 19.29 mg m-3 in the dry season and from 0.78 to 5.20 mg m-3 in the rainy season. PCA showed a direct relationship of chlorophyll-a with ammonia, phosphate and transparency and an inverse relationship with suspended particulate matter and nitrate. Biomass did not vary significantly different as a result of seasonal or spatial dynamics. The estuary of the Capibaribe River is considered highly impacted, and as it forms the Recife port basin, it joins with two more strongly eutrophic water bodies, the Beberibe River and the Pina Basin, leading to an amplification of its influence on the adjacent shelf. In terms of the river plume's dispersion in the Port of Recife, the presence of a dike causes some disturbance in the direction of the current, limiting the plume to the area close to the coast and influences the oceanographic variables on the inner continental shelf.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6318077
title: Alkalinity, inorganic carbon and CO2 flux variability during extreme rainfall years (2010-2011) in two polluted tropical estuaries NE Brazil

description: Abstract The susceptibility of coastal environments to shifts in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients driven by anthropogenic pressure and climate change is a real challenge for the scientific community. This paper evaluated the effects of an extreme rainfall event over the nutrients and carbonate parameters in two polluted tropical estuaries. Surface water samples were taken seasonally along a salinity gradient in the Capibaribe and Barra de Jangadas estuaries in order to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, inorganic carbon, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 fluxes. The increased riverine influence caused by the fluvial flooding during the extremely rainy season augmented the nitrogen concentrations in the plumes, which also presented reduced salinity, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen values. In the Capibaribe plume it has also shifted the mean CO2 flux value of - 4.01 mmolC m-2 d-1 during the dry season, to a positive mean flux of + 5.7 mmolC m-2 d-1 during the rainy season. Within the estuaries the BOD5,20 and dissolved phosphorus values were higher during the dry season (p&lt;0.0001), they showed positive correlation with the phytoplanktonic blooms that reached a chl-a value of 85 mg m-3 in the Capibaribe. The high alkalinity found in both estuaries, with mean values between dry and wet seasons respectively from 1808 to 1373 µmol kg-1 in the Capibaribe estuary and 1616 to 1058 µmol kg-1 in Barra de Jangadas estuary, may act as a buffer to the process of coastal acidification due to eutrophication. The increased rivers discharge lead to a greater transport of organic matter and nutrients to the coast, decreasing the oxygen availability and shifting the metabolic status of the estuarine plume to heterotrophic, whereas increased the water quality within the estuaries due the flushing promoted by the extreme rainfall event.