DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69pwz
title: Factors maintaining floral oil gland polymorphism in a population of <em>Banisteriopsis muricata</em> (Malpighiaceae)

description: The presence of alternative phenotypes for a trait within a species is
 considered an important phase of evolutionary transitions.  In
 the plants of the Malpighiaceae family, the oil glands are associated with
 mutualism with bees specializing in oil collection. This mutualism has
 maintained the conservative floral design of this family. However, several
 groups of Malpighiaceae have lost their oil glands, and several species
 present glandular polymorphisms. In one of these species (Banisteriopsis
 muricata), this polymorphism is hypothesized to represent automimicry by
 the eglandular morph, which deceptively attracts pollinators without
 offering an oil reward. We compared the diversity and behavior of floral
 visitors, corolla size and pollen production of two morphs (eglandular and
 glandular) in a Costa Rican population. The global distribution of B.
 muricata eglandular morph was studied to verify the maintenance of this
 polymorphism along the geographical range of the species.  No
 evidence of pollination by deception was found since the main pollinator
 (Monoeca mexicana) performs oil collection movements only in glandular
 flowers. Meliponini bees, the second most frequent bee visitor, also
 visits both morphs, collecting only pollen. We observed that the
 pollination of eglandular individuals does not seem to be affected by the
 loss of oil glands. The same bee species visits both morphs, and bee
 visitation rates, natural fruit set and mating system were very similar
 between glandular and eglandular individuals. Higher pollen production in
 the eglandular morph and the predominance of pollen collection visits over
 oil collection visits can explain the high frequencies of eglandular
 plants observed throughout the distribution of this species. These
 findings seem to indicate a balance of the adaptive values of the two
 morphs, resulting in weak selection against the absence of oil
 glands.  The presence of eglandular plants along the B. muricata
 geographical range, in intermediate frequencies, in old and recent
 collections, seems to indicate the action of additional selective forces
 that mantain the polymorphism. 
description: # Factors maintaining floral oil gland polymorphism in a population of
 *Banisteriopsis muricata* (Malpighiaceae) Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.x95x69pwz](10.5061/dryad.x95x69pwz) ## Description of the
 data and file structure There are four datasets. They were obtained from
 field and laboratory work in Santa Rosa, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste
 Costa Rica. The objective of this study was to understand the factors that
 mantain a glandular polymorphism in a population of the vine
 Banisteriopsis muricata (Malpighiaceae). The study population has two
 morphs, the glandular morph with flowers presenting calyx oil glands, and
 the eglandular without these structures. In these datasets, NA values mean
 measurement not taken. ### Files and variables #### File:
 corolla_measurements.txt **Description:** has the size of different
 corolla parts of the flowers of eglandular and glandular morphs. The
 measurements are in mm. ##### Variables * Morph (morph of the plant,
 e=eglandular, g=glandular) * Flower (flower code) * Plant (plant code) *
 L_PB (length of the banner petal lamina) * A1_PB (maximum width of the
 banner petal) * A2_PB (width of the banner petal at the base before the
 petal claw) * L_Ped (length of the banner petal claw) * L_PL (length of
 the posterior lateral petal) * A_PL (width of the posterior lateral petal)
 * LC_PB (length of the banner petal lamina without petal claw) #### File:
 pollen_production.txt **Description:** presents the number of pollen
 grains produced by different anther groups of eglandular and glandular
 flowers. Whole anthers were collected and all the pollen grains were
 counted, using pollen jelly and microscope. ##### Variables * Morph
 (e=eglandular, g=glandular) * Plant (plant code) * Flor (flower code) *
 ant_1 (number of pollen grains in anther pair #1) * ant_2-4 (number of
 pollen grains in anther pairs #2 and #4) * ant_3-5 (number of pollen
 grains in anther pairs #3 and #5) #### File: Bee_visits.txt
 **Description:** presents the results of recording videos of
 inflorescences of glandular and eglandular plants. The file has the number
 of visits by bee to individual flowers, grouped by morph, plant and
 inflorescence. The recording time (in hours) is also presented for each
 filmed inflorescence. ##### Variables * Plant (plant code) * Date
 (day/month/year) * Recording_time (recording time in hours) * Morph
 (e=eglandular, g=glandular) * Inf (inflorescence code) * Flower (flower
 code) * Monoeca_p (number of pollen-collecting visits of *Monoeca* bees to
 the flower) * Monoeca_o (number of oil-collecting visits of *Monoeca* bees
 to the flower) * Para_p (number of pollen-collecting visits of
 *Paratetrapedia* and *Lophopedia* bees to the flower) * Para_o (number of
 oil-collecting visits of *Paratetrapedia* and *Lophopedia* bees to the
 flower) * T.fulv (number of visits of *Trigona fulviventris* bees to the
 flower) * Tetragona (number of visits of *Tetragona* bees to the flower)
 #### File: NatFruitSet.txt **Description:** presents the natural fruit set
 of differents glandular morphs inflorescences, grouped by year and plant
 or origin. ##### Variables * Year (year of collection of inflorescence) *
 Inf (inflorescence code) * Plant (plant code) * Morfo (e=eglandular,
 g=glandular) * Flowers (number of flowers in the inflorescence) * Mono
 (number of mono pericarpic fruits in the inflorescence) * Bi (number of bi
 pericarpic fruits in the inflorescence) * Tri (number of tri pericarpic
 fruits in the inflorescence) * TotF (total number of fruits in the
 inflorescence): #### File: r_script.txt The file r_script.txt contains the
 R command lines to perform the analysis described in the Methods section
 of the manuscript (R version 4.3.2):