cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nd848
title: Data from: Rapid evolution of microbe-mediated protection against pathogens in a worm host

description: Microbes can defend their host against virulent infections, but direct
 evidence for the adaptive origin of microbe-mediated protection is
 lacking. Using experimental evolution of a novel, tripartite interaction,
 we demonstrate that mildly pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis)
 living in worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) rapidly evolved to defend their
 animal hosts against infection by a more virulent pathogen (Staphylococcus
 aureus), crossing the parasitism–mutualism continuum. Host protection
 evolved in all six, independently selected populations in response to
 within-host bacterial interactions and without direct selection for host
 health. Microbe-mediated protection was also effective against a broad
 spectrum of pathogenic S. aureus isolates. Genomic analysis implied that
 the mechanistic basis for E. faecalis-mediated protection was through
 increased production of antimicrobial superoxide, which was confirmed by
 biochemical assays. Our results indicate that microbes living within a
 host may make the evolutionary transition to mutualism in response to
 pathogen attack, and that microbiome evolution warrants consideration as a
 driver of infection outcome.
description: Experimental evolution
 protective microbePopulation
 VariationBacterial
 cfusIn vitro suppression of
 S. aureusSuperoxide
 productionSpectrum of
 protection
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14636317
title: 5-Class Lung Sounds Dataset from Several Sources
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5g1d01v
title: Data from: Variability in community productivity: mediating effects of vegetation attributes

description: 1. Plant productivity varies though time in response to environmental
 fluctuations. Reducing variability in productivity requires an improved
 understanding of how plant community attributes interact with
 environmental fluctuations to influence plant growth dynamics. We
 evaluated links between two community attributes, species diversity and
 abundance-weighted values of specific leaf area (SLA), and temporal
 variability in grassland productivity at patch (local) and aggregate
 (multi-patch) spatial scales. 2. Aggregate communities were created by
 combining patches of spatially-distinct communities of perennial plant
 species from grassland biodiversity experiments in Texas, USA.
 Inter-annual variability in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of
 aggregate communities was analyzed as a function of two multiplicative
 components, mean temporal variability in the ANPP of patches and temporal
 synchrony in ANPP dynamics among patches. We used regression analyses to
 determine whether temporal variability in aggregate ANPP and its
 components were correlated with either species diversity or
 community-weighted SLA over 5 years. 3. Temporal variability in ANPP of
 aggregate communities was strongly correlated with temporal variability in
 patch ANPP. Increasing mean SLA reduced ANPP variability of aggregate
 communities by increasing mean productivity. Increased temporal changes in
 patch-scale SLA further reduced temporal variability in aggregate ANPP by
 reducing effects of precipitation fluctuations on productivity.
 Conversely, increasing species diversity over the narrow range measured
 increased temporal variability in aggregate ANPP. High diversity was
 associated with reduced dominance of temporally-stable C4 grasses. 4. Our
 results implicate means and patch-scale temporal dynamics in community SLA
 as potential indicators of variability in grassland primary productivity
 through time.
description: Polley&Wilsey_FE_2018_dataData were collected from a total of 56, 1 m x 1 m patches planted to various combinations of perennial grassland species in central Texas, USA. Data were collected during years 2008-2012 and include aboveground net primary productivity (g/m2) and species abundance-weighted (community-weighted) values of specific leaf area (m2 leaf area per kg dry weight).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.82fm72s
title: Data from: Two sources of bias explain errors in facial age estimation

description: Accurate age estimates underpin our everyday social interactions, the
 provision of age-restricted services and police investigations. Previous
 work suggests that these judgments are error-prone, but the processes
 giving rise to these errors are not understood. Here we present the first
 systematic test of bias in age estimation using a large database of
 standardized passport images of heterogeneous ages (n = 3948). In three
 experiments we tested a range of perceiver age groups (n = 84), and found
 average age estimation error to be approximately 8 years. We show that
 this error can be attributed to two separable sources of bias. First, and
 accounting for the vast majority of variance, our results show an
 assimilative serial dependency whereby estimates are systematically biased
 towards the age of the preceding face. Second, younger faces are generally
 perceived to be older than they are, and older faces to be younger. In
 combination, these biases account for around 95% of variance in age
 estimates. We conclude that that perception of age is modulated by
 representations that encode both a viewer’s recent and normative exposure
 to faces. The finding that age perception is subject to strong top-down
 influences based on our immediate experience has implications for our
 understanding of perceptual processes involved in face perception, and for
 improving accuracy of age estimation in important real world tasks.
description: Data from Experiments
 1-3Matlab m-file containing
 data from Experiments 1-3 and plotting codeage_bar_plots.m
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.671
title: Data from: Character Analysis in Morphological Phylogenetics: Problems and Solutions

description: Many aspects of morphological phylogenetics are controversial in the
 theoretical systematics literature and yet are often poorly explained and
 justified in empirical studies. In this paper, I argue that most
 morphological characters describe variation that is fundamentally
 quantitative, regardless of whether it is coded qualitatively or
 quantitatively by systematists. Given this view, three fundamental
 problems in morphological character analysis (character state definition,
 delimitation, and ordering) may have a common solution: coding
 morphological characters as continuous quantitative traits. A new
 parsimony method (step-matrix gap-weighting, a modification of
 Thiele's approach) is proposed that allows quantitative traits to be
 analyzed as continuous variables. The problem of scaling or weighting
 quantitative characters relative to qualitative characters (and to each
 other) is reviewed, and three possible solutions are described. The new
 coding method is applied to data from hoplocercid lizards, and the results
 show the sensitivity of phylogenetic conclusions to different scaling
 methods. Although some authors reject the use of continuous, overlapping,
 quantitative characters in phylogenetic analysis, quantitative data from
 hoplocercid lizards that are coded using the new approach do contain
 significant phylogenetic structure, and exhibit levels of homoplasy that
 are similar to those seen in data that are coded qualitatively.
description: Wiens Data
 SetWiens.nexus
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2c1c9
title: Data from: Preparation for flight: pre-fledging exercise time is correlated with growth and fledging age in burrow-nesting seabirds

description: Chicks of many burrow-nesting seabirds are known to repeatedly emerge from
 their nests (these trips being termed “excursions”) and exercise their
 wings prior to fledging, but this behavior is poorly documented in the
 literature, and thus the relationship between growth and exercise remains
 unclear. Here, we used infrared video cameras placed in front of streaked
 shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas) nests during the chick-emergence
 period to examine correlations between chick excursions and parameters
 known to be important for juvenile survival after fledging. In addition,
 we also attached acceleration-temperature loggers to several chicks in
 order to evaluate the relationship between excursion time and time spent
 exercising the wing muscles (i.e. flapping). Chicks that undertook longer
 excursions exhibited more rapid increases in wing length and larger body
 masses at fledging, and also fledged earlier. Correlations between
 fitness-related parameters and excursion time indicate that excursions
 during the emergence period might offer insights into the various
 relationships between growth and behavior and/or the mechanisms underlying
 offspring survival following fledging.
description: TableA1Bird ID, emergence period, mean and total excursion time, and number of excursions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3hg4k
title: Data from: Long-term use benefits of personal frequency-modulated systems for speech in noise perception in patients with stroke with auditory processing deficits: a non-randomised controlled trial study

description: Objectives: Approximately one in five stroke survivors suffer from
 difficulties with speech reception in noise, despite normal audiometry.
 These deficits are treatable with personal Frequency Modulated systems
 (FMs). This study aimed to evaluate long term benefits in speech reception
 in noise, after daily 10 week use of personal FMs, in non-aphasic stroke
 patients with auditory processing deficits. Design: This was a prospective
 non randomised controlled trial study. Patients were allocated to an
 intervention care group or standard care subjects group according to their
 willingness to use the intervention or not. Setting: Tertiary care
 setting. Participants: Nine non-aphasic subjects with ischemic stroke,
 normal/near normal audiometry, and auditory processing deficits and with
 reported difficulties understanding speech in background noise were
 recruited in the subacute stroke stage (3-12 months after stroke).
 Interventions: Four patients (intervention care subjects) used the FMs in
 their daily life over 10 weeks. Five patients (standard care subjects)
 received standard care. Primary outcome measures: All subjects were tested
 at baseline (visit 1) and 10 weeks later (visit 2) on a sentences in noise
 test with the FMs (aided) and without the FMs (unaided). Results: Speech
 reception thresholds showed clinically and statistically significant
 improvements in intervention but not in standard care subjects at 10 weeks
 in both aided and unaided conditions. Conclusions: 10 week use of FM
 systems by adult stroke patients may lead to benefits in unaided speech in
 noise perception. Our findings may indicate auditory plasticity type
 changes and require further investigation.
description: FM BMJThis small
 non-randomized clinical trial incorporated an intervention group (subjects
 1-4) and a standard care group (subjects 5-9). Outcome assessments were
 conducted during visit 1 and visit 2 at 10 weeks later. The outcome
 assessment tool was the Bamford- Kowal-Bench (BKB) sentence test presented
 against a 20-talker babble noise, conducted within the “crescent of sound”
 booth.The BKB sentences were presented from the loudspeaker positioned at
 0° azimuth to the participant with the babble coming: a. from the same
 loudspeaker at 0°at the front b. from the loudspeaker 90° to the left
 (-90°). c. from the loudspeaker 90° to the right (+90°). The test was
 conducted with the participant using the FM (aided condition) or not using
 the FM (unaided condition). Microsoft Excel for Mac 2010 was used to
 create the data file. Side column denotes side of stroke lesion: 0(right
 lesion) 1(left lesion); Gender: 1 (male), 2(female); Group:
 1(intervention) 0 (standard care)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.689hp02
title: Data from: Plant functional diversity modulates global environmental change effects on grassland productivity

description: 1. Although much research has explored changes in ecosystem functions
 associated with global environmental changes, the mechanistic pathways
 behind the observed changes remain poorly understood. 2. Using an 11-year
 experiment that increased growing season precipitation and nitrogen
 deposition in a temperate steppe, we explored the relative importance of
 direct and indirect environmental change effects on plant primary
 productivity. 3. We show that increases in water and nitrogen availability
 influenced plant productivity via both direct and indirect pathways. While
 both treatments stimulated plant productivity, changes in plant
 productivity cannot be explained by observed changes in species or
 phylogenetic diversity. Instead, the indirect effects of water and
 nitrogen addition were through their positive effects on plant functional
 diversity. Importantly, while the increase in one component of functional
 diversity (community-level weighted mean of plant stature) resulted in
 increased productivity, the increase in another component of functional
 diversity (functional dispersion) resulted in decreased productivity. 4.
 Synthesis. Our study provides the first evidence for the opposite effects
 of community weighted means and functional dispersion of plant functional
 traits on grassland productivity, and highlights the importance of both
 traits of dominant species and trait distribution among species in
 modulating the effects of global changes on ecosystem functions.
description: data_JEcol-0797Data were collected in 2008 & 2014 in a field manipulation experiment conducted in a temperate steppe in northern China. Abbreviated headlines are as follows: "ANPP" = aboveground plant community productivity; "N" = nitrogen; "W" = water; "NRI" = the net relatedness index; “CWM” = community weighted mean; “S” = plant stature; “LA” = leaf area, “SLA” = specific leaf area; “LDMC” = leaf dry matter content; “LN” = leaf nitrogen concentration; FDis = functional dispersion; "SW" = soil water content; "IN" = soil inorganic nitrogen.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5c27cc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1534 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Monotoca scoparia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1534 records from 30 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001373-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mk44c
title: Data from: Antagonistic effect of helpers on breeding male and female survival in a cooperatively breeding bird

description: 1. Cooperatively breeding species are typically long lived and hence,
 according to theory, are expected to maximize their lifetime reproductive
 success through maximizing survival. Under these circumstances, the
 presence of helpers could be used to lighten the effort of current
 reproduction for parents to achieve higher survival. 2. In addition,
 individuals of different sexes and ages may follow different strategies,
 but whether male and female breeders and individuals of different ages
 benefit differently from the presence of helpers has often been
 overlooked. Moreover, only one study that investigated the relationship
 between parental survival and the presence of helpers used
 capture–mark–recapture analyses (CMR). These methods are important since
 they allow us to account for the non-detection of individuals that are
 alive in the population but not detected, and thus, the effects on
 survival and recapture probability to be disentangled. 3. Here, we used
 multi-event CMR methods to investigate whether the number of helpers was
 associated with an increase in survival probability for male and female
 breeders of different ages in the sociable weaver Philetairus socius. In
 this species, both sexes reduce their feeding rate in the presence of
 helpers. We therefore predicted that the presence of helpers should
 increase the breeders' survival in both sexes, especially early in
 life when individuals potentially have more future breeding opportunities.
 In addition, sociable weaver females reduce their investment in eggs in
 the presence of helpers, so we predicted a stronger effect of helpers on
 female than male survival. 4. As expected we found that females had a
 higher survival probability when breeding with more helpers. Unexpectedly,
 however, male survival probability decreased with increasing number of
 helpers. This antagonistic effect diminished as the breeders grew older.
 5. These results illustrate the complexity of fitness costs and benefits
 underlying cooperative behaviours and how these may vary with the
 individuals' sex and age. They also highlight the need for further
 studies on the sex-specific effects of helpers on survival.
description: CMR
 DataDetail of the capture
 recapture data and covariates.data_dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h2q3d96
title: Data from: Size and contrast increase the divertive effect of eyespots

description: Recent studies have shown that some eyespots of prey divert the strikes of
 predators, increasing the likelihood of prey escape. However, little is
 known about what makes eyespots effective divertive (deflective) prey
 marks. The size of eyespots varies much both between and even within taxa.
 Yet, whether size is important for the divertive function of eyespots is
 unknown. Furthermore, eyespots have often been described as highly
 contrasting, but the effects of contrast on the divertive function of
 eyespots has never been tested experimentally. Using artificial prey and
 the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as a model for
 predator cognition and behaviour, we tested the importance of size as well
 as internal contrast for the divertive effect of eyespots. We
 independently increased the internal contrast and size of eyespots and
 found that both increased the divertive effect. The effect of size was
 significant over all four subsequent prey presentations, whereas the
 effect of contrast decreased after the initial presentations. These
 results suggest that the size and contrast of divertive marks are probably
 shaped by selection imposed by predation. We also discuss the involvement
 of predation in the seasonal and ontogenic plasticity of eyespots found in
 some taxa.
description: Raw data - Kjernsmo et
 al 2018Raw data from Experiment
 1 and 2. Contains attack latency and side of prey attacked for each fish
 and trial. L = large spot, S = small spot, HC = High contrast and LC = Low
 contrast.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2fn12t1
title: Data from: Growth-competition-herbivore resistance trade-offs and the responses of alpine plant communities to climate change

description: 1. Climate change is expected to modify current ecological conditions
 sustaining the coexistence of species within cold-adapted plant
 communities, by influencing species growth, modifying competition and
 levels of herbivory. Climate change will act upon the existing structure
 of communities, whose response should depend on the functional differences
 governing coexistence among alpine species. We postulated that a possible
 trade-off between (i) plant growth in response to temperature, (ii) plant
 competition, and (iii) resistance to herbivory, should modulate the rate
 of plant community turnover under climate change. 2. We reviewed the
 literature investigating functional traits variability along elevation
 gradients. Despite environmental filtering, our review indicates that
 interspecific plant functional variation within communities does not
 necessarily decrease with elevation. While the diversity of traits related
 to abiotic affinities or competition are well documented, the functional
 dimension of the species resistance to herbivory is poorly known. 3. Using
 a Lotka-Volterra-based model, we simulated the impact of climate change on
 plant communities through (i) a direct effect on plant growth and
 competition and (ii) an indirect effect via an increase in herbivore
 pressure. We showed that different shapes of trade-offs between
 temperature-related growth, competition and resistance to herbivory
 modulate community turnover under climate change. 4. We documented the
 existence of two independent trade-offs axes using a detailed dataset of
 functional traits within two alpine communities in the European Alps.
 Plant competitive traits (i.e. leaf area and height) where negatively
 associated to cold tolerance, while traits of the leaf economic spectrum
 (SLA, LDMC) were associated to traits related to the physical resistance
 to herbivory. 5. We propose that the direct effect of climate change on
 alpine plant communities will depend on existing functional variability
 and how functional axes trade-off with each other. Documenting ecological
 constraints between plant functional axes should provide indications to
 anticipate winners and losers in alpine plant communities.
description: Fucntional traits
 datasetfunctional traits
 averages for individual species found in two communities at different
 elevationsdata_all_final.csv
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18385091
title: Data for Figures in "Spin Liquids on the Tetratrillium Lattice"
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18385092
title: Data for Figures in "Spin Liquids on the Tetratrillium Lattice"
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6ayxmy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2224 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Dictyophara europaea"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2224 records from 161 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001372-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq05124
title: Data from: MHC class I diversity predicts non-random mating in Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis)

description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays numerous important roles
 in kin recognition, pathogen resistance, and mate selection. Research in
 fish, birds, and mammals have suggested that individuals optimize MHC
 diversity, and therefore offspring fitness, when choosing mates. In
 reptiles, however, it is unclear whether female mate choice is based on
 genome-wide genetic characteristics such as microsatellites DNA loci, on
 particular functional trait loci (e.g., MHC) or on both, and MHC effects
 on mate choice remain relatively under-studied. Herein, we used 13
 microsatellite loci and two MHC class I loci to investigate female mate
 choice of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) in the semi-natural
 condition. We also determined correlations between the MHC genotype of
 breeding males and male reproductive success. We found that
 MHC-heterozygous males harbour a greater reproductive success, which
 possibly is the reason that those males were more preferred by the females
 than MHC-homozygous males. Furthermore, MHC class I amino-acid distance
 and functional distance of true mating pairs were higher compared with
 that of randomly sampled pairs. Analysis of microsatellites revealed that
 despite mate choice, individuals did not completely avoid inbreeding.
 These findings are the first evidence of MHC-associated mate choice in
 Chinese alligators, and they suggest that females may adopt different
 mating strategies after assessing MHC characteristics of potential mates.
description: Sequences of two MHC
 class I lociView File
 Details