DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2fb36bc
title: Data from: Heterosis is common and inbreeding depression absent in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana

description: The importance of genetic drift in shaping patterns of adaptive genetic
 variation in nature is poorly known. Genetic drift should drive partially
 recessive deleterious mutations to high frequency, and inter‐population
 crosses may therefore exhibit heterosis (increased fitness relative to
 intra‐population crosses). Low genetic diversity and greater genetic
 distance between populations should increase the magnitude of heterosis.
 Moreover, drift and selection should remove strongly deleterious recessive
 alleles from individual populations, resulting in reduced inbreeding
 depression. To estimate heterosis, we crossed 90 independent line pairs of
 Arabidopsis thaliana from 15 pairs of natural populations sampled across
 Fennoscandia, and crossed an additional 41 line pairs from a subset of 4
 of these populations to estimate inbreeding depression. We measured
 lifetime fitness of crosses relative to parents in a large outdoor common
 garden (8448 plants in total) in central Sweden. To examine the effects of
 genetic diversity and genetic distance on heterosis, we genotyped parental
 lines for 869 SNPs. Overall, genetic variation within populations was low
 (median expected heterozygosity = 0.02), and genetic differentiation was
 high (median FST = 0.82). Crosses between 10 of 15 population pairs
 exhibited significant heterosis, with magnitudes of heterosis as high as
 117%. We found no significant inbreeding depression, suggesting that the
 observed heterosis is due to fixation of mildly deleterious alleles within
 populations. Widespread and substantial heterosis indicates an important
 role for drift in shaping genetic variation, but there was no significant
 relationship between fitness of crosses relative to parents and genetic
 diversity or genetic distance between populations.
description: Fennoscandian_Heterosis_At_Growout_DataField fitness data from the common garden growout to estimate heterosis and inbreeding depression. Note that the final analysis was based on line-cross type means. Columns are as follows: 1. set (between population crosses for heterosis, within population crosses for inbreeding depression), 2&3 poppair and linepair (the pair of populations and lines crossed with the format dam_sire) - See table S1 for geographic information for each population, 4. x_type (cross type: cross, maternal self or paternal self). 5. Tray (spatial block in the common garden - because each line-cross type combination was represented a maximum of 1 time in each tray, the line-cross type means were averaged over trays which is why this term does not appear in the ANOVA models presented in the paper, 6. Fruit_inclzeros (this is our estimate of cumulative fitness as total number of fruits produced, with a value of zero for plants that died or failed to reproduce).RADreads_1.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitations.RADreads_2.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_3.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_4.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_5.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_6.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_7.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_8.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_9.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_10.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_11.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_12.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_13.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_14.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_15.tarRADreads_16.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_17.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_18.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_19.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_20.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_21.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_22.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_23.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_24.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_25.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_26.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_27.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_28.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_29.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitationsRADreads_30.tar2b-RAD sequence reads. 30 files (1 per population) because of file size limitations