cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282114
title: Estimation of Evapotranspiration in the Mesoregion of the Lower São Francisco

description: Abstract One of the most important factors in any water resource management program is having the knowledge about the natural processes that regulate the hydrological cycle. The aim of this study was to estimate the reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) in the Baixo São Francisco watershed (BSF), using the Penman-Monteith (PM) method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), in the period 2009 to 2018. The first step of the research was to fill in gaps in surface data, using the statistical predictive mean method (Predictive Mean Matching-PMM). After validation of the method, it was possible to estimate ETo using the PM-FAO method, where it was found that the temporal dynamics of ETo in most study locations follow a similar pattern, having only different values in their maximums and minimums. Regarding the average daily ETo values, Pão de Açúcar, in Alagoas, had the highest value in the study region, 4.69 mm.day−1 and Arapiraca, also in Alagoas, the lowest value with 4.18 mm.day−1. The average of the accumulated annual total of ETo of the BSF for the period was 1635.23 mm.year−1. The low ETo observed during the rainy season (April to July) is associated with lower temperatures. The work obtained good results, if compared with other studies already conducted in lower San Francisco.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282117.v1
title: Applicability of the MACD Technical Indicator to the Predictability of the Annual Average Flow of Paraná River

description: Abstract This article assesses the applicability and effectiveness of the statistical tool “Convergence and Divergence of Moving Averages” (MACD) to the predictability of the average annual flow of the Paraná River measured in the city of Corrientes-Argentina, with a time span of 100 years. This technique is widely used in the financial market for forecasting trends and reversals in commodities and stock prices. Given the versatile nature of this technique, its parameters were easily adapted to be implemented in this study. The periods assigned to the exponential moving averages (EMA), an inherent parameter of the oscillator, allude to astronomical cycles that produce effects on the climatological variable in the addressed timescale, namely, the Schwabe Solar Cycle, with a periodicity of 11.2 years, the Lunar Nodal Cycle, of 18.6 years, and the Apsidal Lunar Cycle, of 8.85 years. There is a growing scientific understanding that such astronomical cyclical parameters do influence the terrestrial climate, especially via the modulation of ocean-atmospheric oscillations of global scale, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (ODP) and El Niño-Oscilação Sul (ENOS), which are known to be related to the variable in study, which, in turn, is responsive to the rainfall conditions that supply water to two of the most important rivers in the La Plata basin: Paraná and Uruguay. Specific properties of MACD obtained considerable performance in predicting trends of increase/decrease in several periods of that centennial data series of river flow. The use of MACD for other climate variables, such as rainfall, Sea Level Pressure and Sea Surface Temperature, is highly encouraged, in order to consummate it as an additional tool to improve confidence in climate prediction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282119
title: Diurnal Cycle of Human Thermal Comfort in Maceió-AL

description: Abstract Changes in land use and occupation in cities have direct consequences in the urban thermal field, whose physical and microclimate characteristics become attractive to human coexistence. This research aimed to analyze the variation of a biometeorological index and to quantitatively study the diurnal cycle of human thermal comfort in Maceió-AL, using hourly data provided by the automatic meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) between the years 2004 to 2015. On average, there is a feeling of comfort from 00 to 09 UTC; from 11 to 20 UTC the sensation of thermal discomfort by heat prevails. After 21 UTC, the discomfort due to heat decreases and comfort begins to increase, with this feeling prevailing, with no cases of discomfort or stress due to the cold being identified. It is common, depending on the time of year, for hours of heat stress between 10 to 19 UTC, more frequently from 15 to 17 UTC. Despite discomfort and heat stress, comfort conditions prevail in most hours of the day, with no case of discomfort due to cold being observed throughout the study period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282111
title: The Innovative Trend Analysis Applied to Annual and Seasonal Rainfall in the Tafna Watershed (Algeria)

description: Abstract This study analyzes the temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall in the Tafna watershed (Northwest Algeria), using a homogeneous monthly rainfall database from 17 stations of 46 years of observation (1970-2015). Possible trends in seasonal and annual variations in rainfall were detected using the innovative trend analysis (ITA), which identifies trends in the low, medium and high values of a series. The results obtained indicate that seasonal rainfall showed a decreasing trend in winter and spring, while increasing trend is detected in summer and autumn. Low and high values categories are the most affected by the decrease in winter, while for spring it is the medium and high values, which are affected. In addition, spring showed the greatest decrease in arithmetic average and standard deviation. On the other hand, summer and autumn, present a growing trend affecting the low and high values, while in autumn, these are the medium and high values. Summer recorded the maximum increase in arithmetic average and standard deviation, and may present a flooding risk in future. Annually, a decreasing trend dominate. Most stations are marked by a decrease in their annual arithmetic means and standard deviation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282119.v1
title: Diurnal Cycle of Human Thermal Comfort in Maceió-AL

description: Abstract Changes in land use and occupation in cities have direct consequences in the urban thermal field, whose physical and microclimate characteristics become attractive to human coexistence. This research aimed to analyze the variation of a biometeorological index and to quantitatively study the diurnal cycle of human thermal comfort in Maceió-AL, using hourly data provided by the automatic meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) between the years 2004 to 2015. On average, there is a feeling of comfort from 00 to 09 UTC; from 11 to 20 UTC the sensation of thermal discomfort by heat prevails. After 21 UTC, the discomfort due to heat decreases and comfort begins to increase, with this feeling prevailing, with no cases of discomfort or stress due to the cold being identified. It is common, depending on the time of year, for hours of heat stress between 10 to 19 UTC, more frequently from 15 to 17 UTC. Despite discomfort and heat stress, comfort conditions prevail in most hours of the day, with no case of discomfort due to cold being observed throughout the study period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282122
title: Development of Convection on the Northeast Region of Brazil, organized by extremities of frontal zones.

description: Abstract At the extremities of frontal zones, which pass in the Northeastern Brazil (NEB), convection and intense rainfall in some events were developed and, in other fronts, were not. Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the differences in dynamic and thermodynamic processes in these events and to create circulation patterns. Reanalysis data from the global NCEP / NCAR model and satellite infrared images were used for the period of ten years (2000-2009). During the studied period, 103 frontal zones were identified in the NEB. The highest number of the fronts was detected in 2002 and 2007 (14 and 13, respectively) and the lowest in 2004 and 2005 (5 and 6, respectively). Convective activity at the front extremities was formed in 68 events (Group 1, G1) and in 35 events a low active cloud band was identified (Group 2, G2). The thermodynamic was based on the analysis of radiosonde data in the 5 meteorological stations of NEB and instability was evaluated by CAPE and instability indexes K, TT and LI. CAPE and LI showed the greatest differences in G1 and G2. G1 events were found during all seasons of the year, but, more frequently, they were detected during the summer (33 cases), in the cold (19 cases) and hot (14 events) transitions and 1 event in the winter. The G2 events were more frequent during the winter (22 events), 7 events were observed in the cold and hot transitions and none was observed during the summer. Circulation patterns in G1 and G2 were developed at the low, medium and high levels. Synoptic systems of G1 created confluence of currents at the low and medium levels over the NEB, however, in G2, an anticyclonic circulation was observed. The presence of Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV) or an intense trough was typical for G1 at the high levels. Circulation patterns and conclusions about the use of instability indices can facilitate the forecast of the convection development at the frontal extremities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282122.v1
title: Development of Convection on the Northeast Region of Brazil, organized by extremities of frontal zones.

description: Abstract At the extremities of frontal zones, which pass in the Northeastern Brazil (NEB), convection and intense rainfall in some events were developed and, in other fronts, were not. Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the differences in dynamic and thermodynamic processes in these events and to create circulation patterns. Reanalysis data from the global NCEP / NCAR model and satellite infrared images were used for the period of ten years (2000-2009). During the studied period, 103 frontal zones were identified in the NEB. The highest number of the fronts was detected in 2002 and 2007 (14 and 13, respectively) and the lowest in 2004 and 2005 (5 and 6, respectively). Convective activity at the front extremities was formed in 68 events (Group 1, G1) and in 35 events a low active cloud band was identified (Group 2, G2). The thermodynamic was based on the analysis of radiosonde data in the 5 meteorological stations of NEB and instability was evaluated by CAPE and instability indexes K, TT and LI. CAPE and LI showed the greatest differences in G1 and G2. G1 events were found during all seasons of the year, but, more frequently, they were detected during the summer (33 cases), in the cold (19 cases) and hot (14 events) transitions and 1 event in the winter. The G2 events were more frequent during the winter (22 events), 7 events were observed in the cold and hot transitions and none was observed during the summer. Circulation patterns in G1 and G2 were developed at the low, medium and high levels. Synoptic systems of G1 created confluence of currents at the low and medium levels over the NEB, however, in G2, an anticyclonic circulation was observed. The presence of Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV) or an intense trough was typical for G1 at the high levels. Circulation patterns and conclusions about the use of instability indices can facilitate the forecast of the convection development at the frontal extremities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282123
title: Analysis of the Optical Thickness of the Aerosols From OMI Sensor in South America

description: Abstract This work aims to evaluate the behavior of AOD (aerosol optical depth) over South American regions (Southern Cone, Legal Amazon, Northeastern Brazil and Southern Brazil), with different climate characteristics, analyzing their average behavior for the period from 2005 to 2019. The data are collected from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) sensor of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) aboard the Aura satellite with spatial resolution of 1° x 1° and daily temporal resolution. From the data used, were made averages and percentiles, it was observed that there is a seasonal behavior in all the analyzed locations, with highest values (0.35 and 0.34) being found in the dry seasons and lowest in the rainy seasons (0.15 and 0.16). When analyzing influencing systems and the periods of rain and drought in the regions, it was possible to observe the relationship between the concentration of aerosols and precipitation, as the maximum values of aerosols occur in the drier seasons and this pattern is repeated in all regions except from the Northeastern region where other factors than climatological seem to have a greater influence, the anthropogenic influence is one of the hypotheses due to the location of the largest capitals of the region at the coast.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282129.v1
title: Impact of ENSO on Variability of the Total Ozone Column Over the Northeast Region of Brazil - Part 1: El Niño Canonical and Modoki

description: Abstract The objective of this work is to analyze the annual variation and the effects of the atmospheric variability mode El Niño (Canonical and Modoki) on the concentration of the Total Ozone Column (TOC) on the NEB between 1997 and 2018 using data generated by the sensors Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). An average monthly variation was observed, with typical behavior of the annual cycle domain in the seasonal variability, presenting a minimum value in May and maximum in October. There was a declining trend in the series of average values for the entire area. Cluster analysis revealed that different regions of the study area have slightly different behaviors and mean values of the total ozone column. Wavelet analysis was used, which exposed cycles of twelve months in length throughout the studied area, six-month cycles, demonstrating that the semi-annual cycle dominates seasonal variability in lower latitudes, and also two to three years cycles, representing the important performance of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO). Anomaly averages show that El Niño events affect TOC causing predominantly a decrease in their values. These Modoki events have a greater potential to affect TOC variations than canonical events, with negative anomalies of greater intensity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282131.v1
title: Efficiency of Artificial Neural Networks in the Use and Soil Classification of the Japaratuba River Hydrographic Basin - SE

description: Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the classification of land use of the Japaratuba River Basin - SE, from a remote sensing image. A classification by the Maximum Likelihood method was performed to be compared with the classifications generated by ANN, since the first method is already consolidated in the literature. To assess the classifications efficiency, the Kappa Index, Global Accuracy and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were analyzed. The Maximum Likelihood classification obtained Kappa Index of 0.95 and Global Accuracy of 96.43%. The ANN architecture more efficient obtained a Kappa Index of 0.93, Global Accuracy of 94.14% and RMSE oscillating between 0.35 and 0.45 during its 10,000 iterations, while the value stipulated as excellent was 0.10. The ANN proved to be efficient in the classification of land use from remote sensing images, since the results of the accuracy parameters showed values that indicate an almost perfect agreement in the classification performed by six of the eight ANN's architectures tested. Thus the generated products can be used as a technical-managerial tool for the environmental management of the study area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282123.v1
title: Analysis of the Optical Thickness of the Aerosols From OMI Sensor in South America

description: Abstract This work aims to evaluate the behavior of AOD (aerosol optical depth) over South American regions (Southern Cone, Legal Amazon, Northeastern Brazil and Southern Brazil), with different climate characteristics, analyzing their average behavior for the period from 2005 to 2019. The data are collected from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) sensor of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) aboard the Aura satellite with spatial resolution of 1° x 1° and daily temporal resolution. From the data used, were made averages and percentiles, it was observed that there is a seasonal behavior in all the analyzed locations, with highest values (0.35 and 0.34) being found in the dry seasons and lowest in the rainy seasons (0.15 and 0.16). When analyzing influencing systems and the periods of rain and drought in the regions, it was possible to observe the relationship between the concentration of aerosols and precipitation, as the maximum values of aerosols occur in the drier seasons and this pattern is repeated in all regions except from the Northeastern region where other factors than climatological seem to have a greater influence, the anthropogenic influence is one of the hypotheses due to the location of the largest capitals of the region at the coast.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282129
title: Impact of ENSO on Variability of the Total Ozone Column Over the Northeast Region of Brazil - Part 1: El Niño Canonical and Modoki

description: Abstract The objective of this work is to analyze the annual variation and the effects of the atmospheric variability mode El Niño (Canonical and Modoki) on the concentration of the Total Ozone Column (TOC) on the NEB between 1997 and 2018 using data generated by the sensors Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). An average monthly variation was observed, with typical behavior of the annual cycle domain in the seasonal variability, presenting a minimum value in May and maximum in October. There was a declining trend in the series of average values for the entire area. Cluster analysis revealed that different regions of the study area have slightly different behaviors and mean values of the total ozone column. Wavelet analysis was used, which exposed cycles of twelve months in length throughout the studied area, six-month cycles, demonstrating that the semi-annual cycle dominates seasonal variability in lower latitudes, and also two to three years cycles, representing the important performance of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO). Anomaly averages show that El Niño events affect TOC causing predominantly a decrease in their values. These Modoki events have a greater potential to affect TOC variations than canonical events, with negative anomalies of greater intensity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282131
title: Efficiency of Artificial Neural Networks in the Use and Soil Classification of the Japaratuba River Hydrographic Basin - SE

description: Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the classification of land use of the Japaratuba River Basin - SE, from a remote sensing image. A classification by the Maximum Likelihood method was performed to be compared with the classifications generated by ANN, since the first method is already consolidated in the literature. To assess the classifications efficiency, the Kappa Index, Global Accuracy and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were analyzed. The Maximum Likelihood classification obtained Kappa Index of 0.95 and Global Accuracy of 96.43%. The ANN architecture more efficient obtained a Kappa Index of 0.93, Global Accuracy of 94.14% and RMSE oscillating between 0.35 and 0.45 during its 10,000 iterations, while the value stipulated as excellent was 0.10. The ANN proved to be efficient in the classification of land use from remote sensing images, since the results of the accuracy parameters showed values that indicate an almost perfect agreement in the classification performed by six of the eight ANN's architectures tested. Thus the generated products can be used as a technical-managerial tool for the environmental management of the study area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282132
title: Climate Change Scenarios for the Northeast Region of Brazil through the Statistical Downscaling Technique

description: Abstract The impact of climate change on precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures patterns in the Northeast region of Brazil is investigated based on the mean results of four global climate models, ECHAM5-OM from Germany, HADGEM2-ES from the UK, BCM2 from Norway and the CNRM-CM3 of France, for two scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, A1B and A2, that had their future projections regionalized for the period 2021-2080 using the statistical downscaling model. The ability of the models to simulate present climate conditions was checked for the 1961-1990 control period, presenting very satisfactory results, and validated for the period 1991-2000. The analogues method was employed to perform statistical downscaling and to find predictor-prediting relationships. The results point to a significant reduction in rainfall in the respective rainy periods of the northeastern subregions, and the highest temperatures increase in the first semester, with a tendency to decrease in large areas of the northern Northeast sector in the second semester, mainly for scenario A2. For the minimum temperatures the results show a tendency of increase in all the year with highlight for the winter months.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282134
title: Climate Scenarios and Cotton Yield in Northeast Brazil. Part II: Simulation for 2020 to 2080

description: Abstract This paper had as its primary objective the generation of future climatic scenarios and the evaluation of impacts over the productivity of upland cotton through an agrometeorological model, when compared to the current productivity observed. A statistical downscaling was used to obtain the future series of meteorological variables needed for the calculation of productivity, obtained with an agrometeorological model appropriately calibrated for the reality of cotton in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. The time series of the meteorological variables had their flaws properly completed and went through a rigorous quality control system. The future projections calculated for the climatic scenarios A1B and A2, of the models ECHAM5-OM and HadGEM2-ES were unanimous in pointing out the significant reduction in rainfall and temperature rising. The evapotranspiration, consequently, also presents an upward trend for the future horizon studied, from 2020 to 2080. As impact for the cotton crop, is predicted, for the 23 studied municipalities of the northeast semi-arid, a significant reduction in productivity, which can be reduced to approximately half of the current observed productivity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14282137
title: Alternative Method of Agroclimatic Zoning of Maize for the State of Alagoas

description: The cultivation of corn under a rainfed regime along the state of Alagoas is deeply influenced by climate variability, especially when considering the recurring droughts affecting the entire Northeast region of Brazil. One way of minimizing the risk of losses is establishing a climate window that is optimal for the sowing time. This study resorted to an agrometeorological model of damages by water deficit to simulate the productivity in every municipality of Alagoas from 1980 to 2015. The high correlation between simulations and observations, and the low absolute mean error for reference stations validated the model. There are different windows favourable to planting, shorter in the hinterland during the month of April, between the third ten days of March and the third ten days of May in the wild, and between the first ten days of March and the second ten days of June in eastern Alagoas. On average, relative productivity losses are about 45% in “Sertão”, 40-45% in “Agreste”, and around 20% in the coast. Such results can aid the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply, in the elaboration of its Agricultural Climate Risk Zoning of Crops, potentially resulting in a more considerate calendar for corn sowing in Alagoas.