DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79xf
title: Different macroevolutionary trajectories lead to contrasting ecogeographical patterns in two widespread frog radiations

description: Large-scale evolutionary radiations often take place through marked
 climatic gradients that could promote morphological variation. However,
 opposite trends to the well-known ecogeographical rules can be observed in
 closely related clades across different geographic regions. Here, we
 compared macroscale patterns of morphological diversification between two
 geographically separated evolutionary radiations of widespread frogs to
 assess how morphological diversity has arisen and tested whether distinct
 ecogeographical rules operate at broad spatial scales. We combined
 phylogenetic, morphological, climatic, and microhabitat data for 65
 species of Rana and Lithobates and used phylogenetic comparative methods
 to identify which factors have played a major role in the phenotypic
 diversification of the two radiations. Morphological evolution in Eurasian
 subclades closely followed phylogenetic relatedness, with slow and
 constant rates of body size diversification through time. By contrast,
 American species showed accelerated rates of body size evolution in one
 subclade. Adaptive models (OU) best explained the morphological evolution
 of this radiation despite the lack of significant correlations with
 climatic variables, suggesting that selective pressures might have driven
 adaptation. Discordant ecogeographical trends were also found between
 radiations: Eurasian species followed Bergmann’s rule and the water
 conservation hypothesis, while no clear trend was observed among American
 species. Overall, different evolutionary trajectories between the two
 radiations lead to contrasting ecogeographical patterns, highlighting that
 distinct selective pressures and adaptive mechanisms can play very
 different roles in the evolution of phylogenetically related clades. Our
 research demonstrates that ecogeographical rules should not be considered
 universally applicable but rather context-dependent, and that widespread
 radiations are valuable systems to uncover mechanisms regulating these
 general patterns and potential constraints hindering their emergence.
description: # Morphological and climatic variables: Open Source Data --- We have
 submitted all data, including morpholgical traits, climatic variables,
 phylogenetic trees and distributions of the two radiations
 (**Rana_Data.zip**), as well as all R scripts used in this work
 (**Rana_Rscripts.zip**) ## Descriptions ### **Rana_Data.zip** *
 *climAM_33sp.csv*: Scaled climatic descriptors with Standard Deviations
 (SD) for the American species. * *climEA_26sp.csv*: Scaled climatic
 descriptors with Standard Deviations (SD) for the Eurasian species. *
 *dt_59sp.csv*: database containing genus, radiation, ecotype and body size
 (SVL: Snout-to-Vent length, in mm) of each species. *
 *morpho_phylores_45sp.csv*: database containing raw morphological traits
 in mm (HL: Head Length, HW: Head Width, FL: Foot Length and TL: Tibia
 Length) and the residuals of phylogenetic regressions performed of each
 trait against body size, used as size-corrected morphological variables in
 downstream analyses. 'NA' cells represent 'not
 available' data. * *phyloRana.tre*: raw phylogenetic tree obtained
 from Yuan et *al.* (2016), trimmed into the following ones. *
 *phyloRana_59sp.tre*: phylogenetic tree of the 59 species of both Eurasia
 and American radiations for which we obtained body size data. *
 *phyloAM_33sp.tre*: phylogenetic subtree of the 33 American species
 analyzed. * *phyloEA_26sp.tre*: phylogenetic subtree of the 26 Eurasian
 species analyzed. * *phyloRana_45sp.tre*: phylogenetic tree of the 45
 species of both Eurasia and American radiations for which we obtained
 morphological data (regarding remaining morphological traits). *
 *dist_America* folder: contains shapefile of American species ranges,
 modified from IUCN. * *dist_Eurasia* folder: contains shapefile of
 Eurasian species ranges, modified from IUCN. ### **Rana_Rscripts.zip** *
 *Phylosignal.R*: phylogenetic signal on morphological traits. *
 *Getting_ready_BAMM.R*: in order to get BAMM priors and build the input
 files for BAMM analyses. * *BAMM_diversification.R*: lineage
 diversification analyses, necesary for posterior analyses (see below). *
 *BAMM_phenotypic.R*: analyses of phenotypic evolution using all
 morpological traits. * *Correlation_clim_vars.R*: correlation between
 climatic descriptors prior to regressions. *
 *phylolm_ecogeographicalrules.R*: phylogenetic linear regressions of body
 size (SVL) against climatic variables grouped by ecogeographic hypotheses.
 * *phylolm_morpho.R*: multivariate phylogenetic regressions of
 morphological traits grouped (head and limb proportions) against climatic
 variables. * *phylolm_microhabitat.R*: phylogenetic linear regressions of
 all morphological traits (SVL, HL, HW, TL and FL) against ecotype
 categories. * *STRAPP_svl.R*: STructured Rate Permutations on Phylogenies
 analyses using species diversification and svl evolutionary rates. *
 *STRAPP_morpho.R*: STructured Rate Permutations on Phylogenies analyses
 using species diversification and evolutionary rates of each morphological
 trait. * *Compare.evol.rates.R*: comparisions of evolutionary rates of
 body size and shape between radiations. * *Ecplor_PCAs.R*: Principal
 Component Analysis to visualize morphological variation of the two clades
 with phylogenetic relationships included. ## Code/Software R is required
 to run all scripts, and annotations are provided throughout them.