cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8292776.v1
title: Caffeine as a chemical tracer for contamination of urban rivers

description: ABSTRACT The growing urbanization in urban centers have continuously contributed to the deterioration of water quality in rivers. The use of caffeine as a chemical tracer for anthropic activities is an approach to the environmental monitoring of urban waterbodies, as its use is limited to humans and less susceptible to sampling error comparing to other traditional parameters for anthropic pollution. To analyze the possibility of using caffeine as a water quality parameter, the anthropic influence over three watersheds (Atuba, Belem and Palmital) from the Greater Curitiba was observed over five sampling campaigns. The caffeine was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem diode array detection, after the solid phase extraction. Traditional parameters of water quality monitoring, such as ammoniacal nitrogen, thermotolerant coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand and orthophosphate, were measured for comparison. The results indicate anthropic influence over the basins, probably due to the lack of infrastructure, thus leading to the assumption of untreated domestic wastewater being discharged. The most degraded river was the Belem river (caffeine concentration of 23.08 µg.L-1). Caffeine presented itself as an appropriate approach for environmental monitoring, presenting a good correlation with the traditional parameters, such as for thermotolerant coliforms (R = 0.7375).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10025624
title: The application of LIDs in Savanna region for mitigation of flooded areas

description: ABSTRACT The increase in runoff volume due to urban sprawl has imposed a challenge to current urban drainage systems and future projects in order to add sustainable strategies for effective flood control especially in consolidated urban areas that would require retrofitting of urban areas with additional social and economic costs. This study is aimed at evaluating alternatives of drainage solutions in a consolidated urban area in the Federal District of Brazil, located in Savanna region, based on the reduction of peak flow and flooded volume in the areas exposed to flood hazard. Different solutions based on the concepts of Low Impact Development (LID) were simulated, showing that the current traditional drainage system is not in compliance with local regulations in the Federal District. In addition, the use of permeable pavements and stormwater ponds could reduce at least 46% of the flooded volume. When placed along with the drainage network, not only at the outlet, stormwater ponds were able to reduce the flooded volume and its hazard and damages. However, LIDs solutions were not able to completely eliminate floods in the region. Structural changes, as resizing the conduits into the drainage systems in the area, could improve the drainage system effectiveness avoiding floods and respective hazards and damages.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10025624.v1
title: The application of LIDs in Savanna region for mitigation of flooded areas

description: ABSTRACT The increase in runoff volume due to urban sprawl has imposed a challenge to current urban drainage systems and future projects in order to add sustainable strategies for effective flood control especially in consolidated urban areas that would require retrofitting of urban areas with additional social and economic costs. This study is aimed at evaluating alternatives of drainage solutions in a consolidated urban area in the Federal District of Brazil, located in Savanna region, based on the reduction of peak flow and flooded volume in the areas exposed to flood hazard. Different solutions based on the concepts of Low Impact Development (LID) were simulated, showing that the current traditional drainage system is not in compliance with local regulations in the Federal District. In addition, the use of permeable pavements and stormwater ponds could reduce at least 46% of the flooded volume. When placed along with the drainage network, not only at the outlet, stormwater ponds were able to reduce the flooded volume and its hazard and damages. However, LIDs solutions were not able to completely eliminate floods in the region. Structural changes, as resizing the conduits into the drainage systems in the area, could improve the drainage system effectiveness avoiding floods and respective hazards and damages.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14329082
title: Scale effect on mean pressures: study of two reduced models of a ski jump spillway

description: ABSTRACT The ski jump type spillway is present in large Brazilian dams. After the operation of this type of spillway, a scour hole is originated downstream of the spillway toe, complementing the energy dissipation system, because the jet is cushioned by the waterbed. As the excavation of the scour hole evolves, its shape changes, with the induction of different behaviors of the jet flow within the waterbed. The importance of this scientific study is due to the fact that scour holes downstream of ski jump spillways are in constant transformation, which can cause changes in the patterns of dynamic pressures caused on the bottom. Unexpected erosions can cause instability in the submerged slopes of the pit, jeopardizing the foundation of the dam. In this work it was proceeded physical experiments, by sectional modeling (2D), in two reduced models of 1:50 and 1:100 scales, considering two stages of erosion depths in solid bottom (fixed). It was analyzed the impact site of the jet flow on the bottom, which has the major mean dynamic pressure. As result, it was possible to identify the scale effect in the pressure coefficient between the two models tested, which allowed the adjustment of trend lines that aid to estimate the pressures that occur in prototypes, increasing safety in operation of ski jump spillways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14329082.v1
title: Scale effect on mean pressures: study of two reduced models of a ski jump spillway

description: ABSTRACT The ski jump type spillway is present in large Brazilian dams. After the operation of this type of spillway, a scour hole is originated downstream of the spillway toe, complementing the energy dissipation system, because the jet is cushioned by the waterbed. As the excavation of the scour hole evolves, its shape changes, with the induction of different behaviors of the jet flow within the waterbed. The importance of this scientific study is due to the fact that scour holes downstream of ski jump spillways are in constant transformation, which can cause changes in the patterns of dynamic pressures caused on the bottom. Unexpected erosions can cause instability in the submerged slopes of the pit, jeopardizing the foundation of the dam. In this work it was proceeded physical experiments, by sectional modeling (2D), in two reduced models of 1:50 and 1:100 scales, considering two stages of erosion depths in solid bottom (fixed). It was analyzed the impact site of the jet flow on the bottom, which has the major mean dynamic pressure. As result, it was possible to identify the scale effect in the pressure coefficient between the two models tested, which allowed the adjustment of trend lines that aid to estimate the pressures that occur in prototypes, increasing safety in operation of ski jump spillways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10025684
title: Analysis of the fluviometric network of Rio das Velhas using Entropy

description: ABSTRACT In this work a comparative study was carried out, in which different methods were used in the literature that seek to evaluate the number of stations and the quality of the information generated by the hydrometric network of a watershed, using Information Theory concepts. The underlying idea is the so-called optimal network whose function, according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is to optimally and inexpensively meet the primary goal of hydrometry, which is to provide the necessary information with a minimum number of stations correctly positioned in the basin. Methodologies based on Information Theory ascend to fill the gap on a standard method for the design of hydrometric networks. The evaluated methods were applied to the subbasin of the Rio das Velhas belonging to the São Francisco River basin in Brazil. The results showed that the methods analyzed, which use the concept of entropy, are adequate and efficient for evaluation of existing fluviometric networks, since they allow the reduction of eventual redundancies and at the same time, seek to maximize the information generated. It was possible to compare them and indicate the most appropriate method for the application within the national context, as well as indicate new methods for use thereof.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10025684.v1
title: Analysis of the fluviometric network of Rio das Velhas using Entropy

description: ABSTRACT In this work a comparative study was carried out, in which different methods were used in the literature that seek to evaluate the number of stations and the quality of the information generated by the hydrometric network of a watershed, using Information Theory concepts. The underlying idea is the so-called optimal network whose function, according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is to optimally and inexpensively meet the primary goal of hydrometry, which is to provide the necessary information with a minimum number of stations correctly positioned in the basin. Methodologies based on Information Theory ascend to fill the gap on a standard method for the design of hydrometric networks. The evaluated methods were applied to the subbasin of the Rio das Velhas belonging to the São Francisco River basin in Brazil. The results showed that the methods analyzed, which use the concept of entropy, are adequate and efficient for evaluation of existing fluviometric networks, since they allow the reduction of eventual redundancies and at the same time, seek to maximize the information generated. It was possible to compare them and indicate the most appropriate method for the application within the national context, as well as indicate new methods for use thereof.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10438190
title: Disaggregation of daily rainfall data for the Caraguatatuba city, in São Paulo State, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to present disaggregation coefficients for intense daily rainfalls for E2-046 rainfall station, located at Caraguatatuba, São Paulo state. The data obtained through rain gauge refer to a continuous period (31 years of series) and had a strong correlation with the measurements of the rain gauge, validating the pluviographs reading, which attributed greater reliability to the results. The average coefficient “24 hours”/“1-day” found for the study region was 1.075, which differs significantly from the values found in literature. The relative deviation considering other durations, and consequently other precipitation coefficients in relation to the mean values of the disaggregation values of the E2-046 station reached 22.06% (18 hours/“24 hours”). The relative deviation of rainfall disaggregation coefficients of the station studied in relation to the mean coefficients for the cities of São Paulo State to small durations was quite high, reaching almost 50% (10 minutes /“24 hours”). This reinforces the need of using local disaggregation coefficients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10438190.v1
title: Disaggregation of daily rainfall data for the Caraguatatuba city, in São Paulo State, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to present disaggregation coefficients for intense daily rainfalls for E2-046 rainfall station, located at Caraguatatuba, São Paulo state. The data obtained through rain gauge refer to a continuous period (31 years of series) and had a strong correlation with the measurements of the rain gauge, validating the pluviographs reading, which attributed greater reliability to the results. The average coefficient “24 hours”/“1-day” found for the study region was 1.075, which differs significantly from the values found in literature. The relative deviation considering other durations, and consequently other precipitation coefficients in relation to the mean values of the disaggregation values of the E2-046 station reached 22.06% (18 hours/“24 hours”). The relative deviation of rainfall disaggregation coefficients of the station studied in relation to the mean coefficients for the cities of São Paulo State to small durations was quite high, reaching almost 50% (10 minutes /“24 hours”). This reinforces the need of using local disaggregation coefficients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10438217.v1
title: Numerical modeling for the urban drainage gallery systems design

description: ABSTRACT Considering the frequent flooding of urban centers, the financial limitations and the inefficient management of Urban Drainage (UD) systems in Brazilian municipalities, it is necessary that projects be developed efficiently. These objectives are achieved with the correct definition of the diameter and galleries slope, resulting in adequate hydraulic ratios. It is also necessary to guarantee the flow without backwater, by verifying the energy grade line along the network. There are software capable of assisting the calculation, which, however, do not report optimized solutions. A vector-based numerical modeling is presented for the optimized sizing of a UD gallery system. This model was applied in an area and its results were compared with those obtained by two software in the Brazilian market. It is demonstrated the optimization developed contributes to increases the efficiency in the design. The main scientific contributions are: to characterize and model the typical design slopes, to obtain the optimum slope combined with the smaller diameter; to explore the potential of the hydraulic ratios above those normally employed, with positive effects on the definition of {D, ig} and the economy in the system; and to implement a recursive solution from a cycle of interdependent information, ensuring accuracy of results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10438217
title: Numerical modeling for the urban drainage gallery systems design

description: ABSTRACT Considering the frequent flooding of urban centers, the financial limitations and the inefficient management of Urban Drainage (UD) systems in Brazilian municipalities, it is necessary that projects be developed efficiently. These objectives are achieved with the correct definition of the diameter and galleries slope, resulting in adequate hydraulic ratios. It is also necessary to guarantee the flow without backwater, by verifying the energy grade line along the network. There are software capable of assisting the calculation, which, however, do not report optimized solutions. A vector-based numerical modeling is presented for the optimized sizing of a UD gallery system. This model was applied in an area and its results were compared with those obtained by two software in the Brazilian market. It is demonstrated the optimization developed contributes to increases the efficiency in the design. The main scientific contributions are: to characterize and model the typical design slopes, to obtain the optimum slope combined with the smaller diameter; to explore the potential of the hydraulic ratios above those normally employed, with positive effects on the definition of {D, ig} and the economy in the system; and to implement a recursive solution from a cycle of interdependent information, ensuring accuracy of results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10438220
title: Regionalization of hydrological model parameters for the semi-arid region of the northeast Brazil

description: RESUMO Este estudo analisa a regionalização de parâmetros de modelos hidrológicos em regiões semiáridas com escassez de dados, tendo como foco parte do semiárido brasileiro que envolve os Estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. O modelo hidrológico adotado foi o MODHAC - Modelo Hidrológico Auto-Calibrável. Foram selecionadas 45 estações fluviométricas com um mínimo de oito anos consecutivos de dados consistidos a partir do ano 2000, além dos registros de anos anteriores. O principal critério para regionalização foi a proximidade entre as estações fluviométricas disponíveis, sendo também avaliada a escolha com base em propriedades físicas e climáticas para algumas estações. Foi feita análise de fatores que afetam a qualidade das séries de vazões, bem como da rede de monitoramento pluviométrico. A influência de reservatórios sobre esses dados e a desativação de muitas estações de monitoramento das precipitações foram os problemas mais frequentes. Considerando diferentes indicadores de desempenho, como o Coeficiente de Nash para a raiz quadrada das vazões satisfatório em 63% dos casos, de acordo com valores de referência apresentados na literatura, o procedimento teve razoável sucesso para quantificar as vazões mais elevadas e médias, porém não apresentou em geral bom ajuste das vazões mais baixas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10438220.v1
title: Regionalization of hydrological model parameters for the semi-arid region of the northeast Brazil

description: RESUMO Este estudo analisa a regionalização de parâmetros de modelos hidrológicos em regiões semiáridas com escassez de dados, tendo como foco parte do semiárido brasileiro que envolve os Estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. O modelo hidrológico adotado foi o MODHAC - Modelo Hidrológico Auto-Calibrável. Foram selecionadas 45 estações fluviométricas com um mínimo de oito anos consecutivos de dados consistidos a partir do ano 2000, além dos registros de anos anteriores. O principal critério para regionalização foi a proximidade entre as estações fluviométricas disponíveis, sendo também avaliada a escolha com base em propriedades físicas e climáticas para algumas estações. Foi feita análise de fatores que afetam a qualidade das séries de vazões, bem como da rede de monitoramento pluviométrico. A influência de reservatórios sobre esses dados e a desativação de muitas estações de monitoramento das precipitações foram os problemas mais frequentes. Considerando diferentes indicadores de desempenho, como o Coeficiente de Nash para a raiz quadrada das vazões satisfatório em 63% dos casos, de acordo com valores de referência apresentados na literatura, o procedimento teve razoável sucesso para quantificar as vazões mais elevadas e médias, porém não apresentou em geral bom ajuste das vazões mais baixas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266538
title: Evaluation of baroclinic effects on mean water levels in Guanabara Bay

description: ABSTRACT This study analyzes hydrodynamic aspects of the Guabanara Bay estuarine system, which is in the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hydrodynamic circulation patterns were characterized, with and without the influence of baroclinic pressure gradients due to water density differences. Typical summer and winter scenarios are considered. The evaluation adopted computational simulations of hydrodynamic circulation, using models from the environmental hydrodynamic base system, entitled SisBaHiA. The simulations indicate that by disregarding baroclinic effects in the pressure gradients, the mean water levels in the Guanabara Bay are underestimated up to 5 centimeters, depending on the region and season of year. However, the hydrodynamic circulation patterns with or without baroclinic pressure gradients are very similar, as shown by the circulation patterns maps in different tidal phases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11266538.v1
title: Evaluation of baroclinic effects on mean water levels in Guanabara Bay

description: ABSTRACT This study analyzes hydrodynamic aspects of the Guabanara Bay estuarine system, which is in the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hydrodynamic circulation patterns were characterized, with and without the influence of baroclinic pressure gradients due to water density differences. Typical summer and winter scenarios are considered. The evaluation adopted computational simulations of hydrodynamic circulation, using models from the environmental hydrodynamic base system, entitled SisBaHiA. The simulations indicate that by disregarding baroclinic effects in the pressure gradients, the mean water levels in the Guanabara Bay are underestimated up to 5 centimeters, depending on the region and season of year. However, the hydrodynamic circulation patterns with or without baroclinic pressure gradients are very similar, as shown by the circulation patterns maps in different tidal phases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9599555
title: Analysis of methodologies for determination of the economic pipe diameter

description: ABSTRACT The design of water distribution systems includes, above all, the determination of the pipe size that meets the requirements of the system and brings reduced annual costs of installation and operation. Among the existing methodologies for the economic pipe diameter determination, Bresse’s equation is still common among designers. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of Bresse’s equation, the MBPW and the MLVPC, comparing them with the MREC. We recommend that the designers do not use the MBPW and the MLVPC. When referring to water distribution systems of small size, it is possible to use the equation of Bresse, as long as it is used with a proper value for its coefficient k. For HDPE, we propose k = 1.17 or k = 1.18. For PVC DEFOFO and GFRP, we suggest the range of 1.19 to 1.23 and 1.29 to 1.32, respectively. Regarding the water distribution systems of bigger dimensions, we recommend the use of MREC as the methodology for the economic pipe diameter determination, due to the impossibility of finding an appropriate value for the Bresse’s equation coefficient.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9599555.v1
title: Analysis of methodologies for determination of the economic pipe diameter

description: ABSTRACT The design of water distribution systems includes, above all, the determination of the pipe size that meets the requirements of the system and brings reduced annual costs of installation and operation. Among the existing methodologies for the economic pipe diameter determination, Bresse’s equation is still common among designers. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of Bresse’s equation, the MBPW and the MLVPC, comparing them with the MREC. We recommend that the designers do not use the MBPW and the MLVPC. When referring to water distribution systems of small size, it is possible to use the equation of Bresse, as long as it is used with a proper value for its coefficient k. For HDPE, we propose k = 1.17 or k = 1.18. For PVC DEFOFO and GFRP, we suggest the range of 1.19 to 1.23 and 1.29 to 1.32, respectively. Regarding the water distribution systems of bigger dimensions, we recommend the use of MREC as the methodology for the economic pipe diameter determination, due to the impossibility of finding an appropriate value for the Bresse’s equation coefficient.