cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125165
title: The historical influence of tributaries on the water and sediment of Jacuí’s Delta, Southern Brazil

description: Abstract The high population density in a metropolis leads to socio-environmental impacts that directly affect local water resources. This work evaluated the historical data (between 2000 and 2014) of water and sediment monitoring in the Jacuí’s Delta region and analyzed the relationship between these sites. Seven monitoring sites around the Jacuí's Delta were evaluated: the outflow of the rivers Jacuí, Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí; the channels Ilha da Pintada and Navegantes; and Lake Guaíba. Water data were evaluated for: air and water temperature; depth; pH; electrical conductivity; transparency; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; phosphorus; nitrogen; total residues; and escherichia coli. Sediment were evaluated for pseudo-total concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As, and Ag). The quality of water and sediment in the Jacuí's Delta are linked with the tributaries and priority flows of the channels. The historical data of water and sediment around the Jacuí's Delta shows the influence of the tributaries with low quality in the downstream points. The pollution of the rivers Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí negatively affects the environmental quality of the channel Navegantes and Lake Guaíba (catchment points to water supply). The water in those sites presents reductions in dissolved oxygen and high values of coliforms, and the sediment shows high concentrations of metal Zn, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Despite the reduction in Pb and Hg values in the sediment over the past years, pollution from the tributary rivers still persists.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6125165.v1
title: The historical influence of tributaries on the water and sediment of Jacuí’s Delta, Southern Brazil

description: Abstract The high population density in a metropolis leads to socio-environmental impacts that directly affect local water resources. This work evaluated the historical data (between 2000 and 2014) of water and sediment monitoring in the Jacuí’s Delta region and analyzed the relationship between these sites. Seven monitoring sites around the Jacuí's Delta were evaluated: the outflow of the rivers Jacuí, Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí; the channels Ilha da Pintada and Navegantes; and Lake Guaíba. Water data were evaluated for: air and water temperature; depth; pH; electrical conductivity; transparency; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; phosphorus; nitrogen; total residues; and escherichia coli. Sediment were evaluated for pseudo-total concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As, and Ag). The quality of water and sediment in the Jacuí's Delta are linked with the tributaries and priority flows of the channels. The historical data of water and sediment around the Jacuí's Delta shows the influence of the tributaries with low quality in the downstream points. The pollution of the rivers Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí negatively affects the environmental quality of the channel Navegantes and Lake Guaíba (catchment points to water supply). The water in those sites presents reductions in dissolved oxygen and high values of coliforms, and the sediment shows high concentrations of metal Zn, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Despite the reduction in Pb and Hg values in the sediment over the past years, pollution from the tributary rivers still persists.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152051.v1
title: Segregation of solid waste from a fish-processing industry: a sustainable action

description: Abstract Segregation techniques represent a sustainable alternative to minimize wastes of raw material in processing industries. This study considered the premise; its purpose was to use segregation techniques to determine the theoretical removal rate of solid compounds present in processing effluents, in order to support the sustainable development of the fish industry. The removal rates obtained for different treatments were evaluated for the parameters: total solids, organic matter and oils and greases, and the efficiency of the segregation of the effluent streams in the different stages of fish processing was evaluated through descriptive statistical analysis. The segregation recovered from 31% to 70% of total solids; from 15% to 97.50% of organic matter, and from 10% to 63% of oils and greases. These results indicates that the raw material can be used in new products, leading to reduced final-effluent concentration.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152051
title: Segregation of solid waste from a fish-processing industry: a sustainable action

description: Abstract Segregation techniques represent a sustainable alternative to minimize wastes of raw material in processing industries. This study considered the premise; its purpose was to use segregation techniques to determine the theoretical removal rate of solid compounds present in processing effluents, in order to support the sustainable development of the fish industry. The removal rates obtained for different treatments were evaluated for the parameters: total solids, organic matter and oils and greases, and the efficiency of the segregation of the effluent streams in the different stages of fish processing was evaluated through descriptive statistical analysis. The segregation recovered from 31% to 70% of total solids; from 15% to 97.50% of organic matter, and from 10% to 63% of oils and greases. These results indicates that the raw material can be used in new products, leading to reduced final-effluent concentration.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152048
title: Assessment of the water quality and trophic state of the Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed, Guarulhos (SP): a comparative analysis between rural and urban areas

description: Abstract The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has affected drastically the availability and especially the quality of water. The Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed, located in the northern part of the Guarulhos municipality, includes rural and urban areas of different land-use classes. The goal of this study is to assess the water quality and to diagnose the eutrophication stage of the surface waters of the Ribeirão Guaraçau, the main water course of the Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed. To assess environmental quality, physical-chemical analyses (temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and total phosphorus) and microbiological analyses (E. coli) were carried out during a period of 12 months. The Trophic State Index (TSI) was used to ascertain the environmental degradation conditions of lotic and lentic environments. The surface waters of the Ribeirão Guaraçau in the rural area are already compromised, with worsening of the water quality upstream indicated by high total phosphorus and E. coli caused by fecal contamination due to lack of basic sanitation in the region. Characteristic sites of the rural areas already present signs of degradation with trophic levels varying from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic. The need to provide sewage collectors and sewage treatment systems at the Bonsucesso Sewage Treatment Station, inaugurated in 2011, and the control of the occupation in areas that produce good quality water is paramount.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152048.v1
title: Assessment of the water quality and trophic state of the Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed, Guarulhos (SP): a comparative analysis between rural and urban areas

description: Abstract The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has affected drastically the availability and especially the quality of water. The Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed, located in the northern part of the Guarulhos municipality, includes rural and urban areas of different land-use classes. The goal of this study is to assess the water quality and to diagnose the eutrophication stage of the surface waters of the Ribeirão Guaraçau, the main water course of the Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed. To assess environmental quality, physical-chemical analyses (temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and total phosphorus) and microbiological analyses (E. coli) were carried out during a period of 12 months. The Trophic State Index (TSI) was used to ascertain the environmental degradation conditions of lotic and lentic environments. The surface waters of the Ribeirão Guaraçau in the rural area are already compromised, with worsening of the water quality upstream indicated by high total phosphorus and E. coli caused by fecal contamination due to lack of basic sanitation in the region. Characteristic sites of the rural areas already present signs of degradation with trophic levels varying from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic. The need to provide sewage collectors and sewage treatment systems at the Bonsucesso Sewage Treatment Station, inaugurated in 2011, and the control of the occupation in areas that produce good quality water is paramount.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152045.v1
title: Use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues as alternative adsorbents of manganese and iron in aqueous solution

description: Abstract The increase in the volume of agricultural and agroindustrial waste, associated with improper disposal, is a growing worldwide problem. The recovery of those residues is of crucial importance, since it reduces environmental impacts, protects public health, and allows the addition of value to the materials. One of the ways of exploiting adsorbents is related to the capacity of some wastes to be used as alternative adsorbents in the efficient removal of microcontaminants in aqueous systems. This work assessed the use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues: maize straw, wheat straw, soybean straw and soybean hulls for the production of alternative adsorbents to remove iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in water. For each residue investigated, two different polymers were obtained for use as adsorbents, a natural polymer (cellulose/lignin) and an EDTA-modified polymer (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The adsorbents were characterized through FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and nitrogen content. To evaluate the efficiency of the adsorbents, kinetic tests in batch mode and determination of Lagergren pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic constants were performed. The results found that the modified polymer obtained from soybean hulls (SHE) showed increased Fe (96%) and Mn (88%) removal rate, in which the pseudo-second order kinetic model presented closer results between the experimental adsorption rates and the calculated ones for the two microcontaminants under study. In general, the modified soybean hulls proved to be a promising alternative adsorbent for the removal of iron and manganese in water treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152045
title: Use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues as alternative adsorbents of manganese and iron in aqueous solution

description: Abstract The increase in the volume of agricultural and agroindustrial waste, associated with improper disposal, is a growing worldwide problem. The recovery of those residues is of crucial importance, since it reduces environmental impacts, protects public health, and allows the addition of value to the materials. One of the ways of exploiting adsorbents is related to the capacity of some wastes to be used as alternative adsorbents in the efficient removal of microcontaminants in aqueous systems. This work assessed the use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues: maize straw, wheat straw, soybean straw and soybean hulls for the production of alternative adsorbents to remove iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in water. For each residue investigated, two different polymers were obtained for use as adsorbents, a natural polymer (cellulose/lignin) and an EDTA-modified polymer (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The adsorbents were characterized through FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and nitrogen content. To evaluate the efficiency of the adsorbents, kinetic tests in batch mode and determination of Lagergren pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic constants were performed. The results found that the modified polymer obtained from soybean hulls (SHE) showed increased Fe (96%) and Mn (88%) removal rate, in which the pseudo-second order kinetic model presented closer results between the experimental adsorption rates and the calculated ones for the two microcontaminants under study. In general, the modified soybean hulls proved to be a promising alternative adsorbent for the removal of iron and manganese in water treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152321
title: Effects of different operating conditions on total nitrogen removal routes and nitrous oxide emissions in a lab-scale activated sludge system

description: Abstract This study sought to determine the effects of different operating conditions, such as variable organic loading, different sludge retention times (SRTs) and airflow rates, limited dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and ammonium (NH4 +) shock loading on total nitrogen (TN) removal routes and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a lab-scale activated sludge system. Short SRT (5 days) combined with very low DO levels (0.5 mg L-1) were responsible for lower TKN oxidation efficiencies and, consequently, negligible NO2 - accumulation rates. These results suggest that nitrification efficiency was hampered by the oxidation of organic matter, with a large part of TN removed by sludge waste process. As the SRT increased (from 5 to 10 days) and DO was set to 1.0 mg L-1, TKN oxidation rates and NO2 - accumulation reached their maxima, which are thought to be the optimal conditions for both organic matter oxidation and partial nitrification. Under these conditions, gas transfer to the atmosphere became the preferential route for TN removal instead of incorporation into the sludge waste. However, N2O contribution is estimated as less than 5.6% (with respect to TN in the influent). Insufficient aeration and stress conditions (such as NH4 + shock loading) can cause limited DO conditions and NO2 - accumulation, leading to higher amounts of emitted N2O. Therefore, the adequate control of DO concentrations is a key factor to avoid NO2 - accumulation and consequently high N2O emissions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152321.v1
title: Effects of different operating conditions on total nitrogen removal routes and nitrous oxide emissions in a lab-scale activated sludge system

description: Abstract This study sought to determine the effects of different operating conditions, such as variable organic loading, different sludge retention times (SRTs) and airflow rates, limited dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and ammonium (NH4 +) shock loading on total nitrogen (TN) removal routes and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a lab-scale activated sludge system. Short SRT (5 days) combined with very low DO levels (0.5 mg L-1) were responsible for lower TKN oxidation efficiencies and, consequently, negligible NO2 - accumulation rates. These results suggest that nitrification efficiency was hampered by the oxidation of organic matter, with a large part of TN removed by sludge waste process. As the SRT increased (from 5 to 10 days) and DO was set to 1.0 mg L-1, TKN oxidation rates and NO2 - accumulation reached their maxima, which are thought to be the optimal conditions for both organic matter oxidation and partial nitrification. Under these conditions, gas transfer to the atmosphere became the preferential route for TN removal instead of incorporation into the sludge waste. However, N2O contribution is estimated as less than 5.6% (with respect to TN in the influent). Insufficient aeration and stress conditions (such as NH4 + shock loading) can cause limited DO conditions and NO2 - accumulation, leading to higher amounts of emitted N2O. Therefore, the adequate control of DO concentrations is a key factor to avoid NO2 - accumulation and consequently high N2O emissions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6151547.v1
title: Determination of estrogenic hormones in sewage and effluent of a decentralized sewage treatment plant by activated sludge

description: Abstract Estrogenic hormones from sewers reach water bodies and can disrupt aquatic organisms. Secondary treatment of sewage treatment plants (STP) can remove some of those hormones, even in decentralized STPs, although there are few studies regarding this. In activated sludge systems, efficient removal has been attributed to hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge age, biological denitrification and organic load. This study sought to quantify the hormones estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in the sewage and effluent of a decentralized STP with activated sludge, and also to characterize this college campus STP regarding received organic matter, hydraulic retention time and nitrogen removal. Hormone levels were determined by liquid chromatography with UV detection. The results showed hormone concentrations far superior to those found in the literature in both the sewage (5.158 ± 2.747; 7.434 ± 4.356; 5.200 ± 3.331 e 5.638 ± 4.312 μg L-1 of E1, E2, E3 and EE2) and the effluent (5.062 ± 3.366; 4.191 ± 3.527; 7.743 ± 3.951, 2.550 ± 2.162 of E1, E2, E3 and EE2). In the sewage, the high concentration could be related to a large predominance of urine, given the high level of nitrogen detected, or to low generation of sewage and to sample collection in dry periods causing decreased dilution of hormones. Insufficient removal of estrogens due to short HRT (2h05) and irregular denitrification (-54 to 61%) can be the reason for high concentrations of estrogens found in the effluent. Furthermore, deconjugation of hormones may have occurred during treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6151547
title: Determination of estrogenic hormones in sewage and effluent of a decentralized sewage treatment plant by activated sludge

description: Abstract Estrogenic hormones from sewers reach water bodies and can disrupt aquatic organisms. Secondary treatment of sewage treatment plants (STP) can remove some of those hormones, even in decentralized STPs, although there are few studies regarding this. In activated sludge systems, efficient removal has been attributed to hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge age, biological denitrification and organic load. This study sought to quantify the hormones estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in the sewage and effluent of a decentralized STP with activated sludge, and also to characterize this college campus STP regarding received organic matter, hydraulic retention time and nitrogen removal. Hormone levels were determined by liquid chromatography with UV detection. The results showed hormone concentrations far superior to those found in the literature in both the sewage (5.158 ± 2.747; 7.434 ± 4.356; 5.200 ± 3.331 e 5.638 ± 4.312 μg L-1 of E1, E2, E3 and EE2) and the effluent (5.062 ± 3.366; 4.191 ± 3.527; 7.743 ± 3.951, 2.550 ± 2.162 of E1, E2, E3 and EE2). In the sewage, the high concentration could be related to a large predominance of urine, given the high level of nitrogen detected, or to low generation of sewage and to sample collection in dry periods causing decreased dilution of hormones. Insufficient removal of estrogens due to short HRT (2h05) and irregular denitrification (-54 to 61%) can be the reason for high concentrations of estrogens found in the effluent. Furthermore, deconjugation of hormones may have occurred during treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6152330
title: Determination of carbamazepine and diazepam by SPE-HPLC-DAD in Belém River water, Curitiba-PR/Brazil

description: Abstract This work sought to determine the two psychotropic drugs most commonly released by Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) into urban river waters (Belém sub-basin, Curitiba, PR, Brazil). A simple analytical method using SPE followed by a HPLC-DAD was developed and validated. Strata-X® cartridges were used to extract (carbamazepine) CZ and diazepam (DZ) from water and SPE conditions were optimized by 23 factorial design. The validated method was specific for target compounds; correlation coefficients were above 0.9998, recovery between 85.8 and 98.4% and precision below 6.60% (RSD, n=3). This method was successfully applied to analyze river samples and pollution hotspots were identified. The CZ and DZ concentrations found ranged from 0.670 to 0.856 µg L-1 and from LOQ to 0.763 µg L-1, respectively, and confirmed that drug consumption is directly related to river pollution in the studied region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832682
title: Heavy metals in waters used for human consumption and crop irrigation

description: Abstract The consumption of contaminated water is a major source of heavy metal contamination in humans and animals. This study therefore aimed to assess Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels in water used for human and animal consumption and vegetable crop irrigation in Camocim de São Félix, Pernambuco, Brazil. Water samples were collected on the studied farms from an artesian well and reservoirs used for human and animal consumption as well as for crop irrigation. The results showed that concentrations of Cd (&gt; 0.001 mg L-1), Ni (&gt; 0.025 mg L-1) and Pb (&gt; 0.01 mg L-1) were above the maximum allowable limits established under Brazilian law, indicating the need for a preventive monitoring program and immediate intervention initiatives aimed at the sources of contamination. The results demonstrate the need to quantify heavy metal content in vegetable crops, since their contamination by irrigation water may make them harmful to human health. Rainfall has a seasonal effect on heavy metal concentrations in water, showing a significant effect on Pb levels, whereas Cd and Ni content was less dependent on seasonal variation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832682.v1
title: Heavy metals in waters used for human consumption and crop irrigation

description: Abstract The consumption of contaminated water is a major source of heavy metal contamination in humans and animals. This study therefore aimed to assess Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels in water used for human and animal consumption and vegetable crop irrigation in Camocim de São Félix, Pernambuco, Brazil. Water samples were collected on the studied farms from an artesian well and reservoirs used for human and animal consumption as well as for crop irrigation. The results showed that concentrations of Cd (&gt; 0.001 mg L-1), Ni (&gt; 0.025 mg L-1) and Pb (&gt; 0.01 mg L-1) were above the maximum allowable limits established under Brazilian law, indicating the need for a preventive monitoring program and immediate intervention initiatives aimed at the sources of contamination. The results demonstrate the need to quantify heavy metal content in vegetable crops, since their contamination by irrigation water may make them harmful to human health. Rainfall has a seasonal effect on heavy metal concentrations in water, showing a significant effect on Pb levels, whereas Cd and Ni content was less dependent on seasonal variation.