cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01234
title: Comparing Manufacturing Export Growth Across States: What Accounts for the Differences?
title: Archival Version

description: The expansion of United States manufacturing exports has spread unevenly across states. The authors use shift-share analysis to account for the difference between a state's manufacturing export growth and national manufacturing export growth between 1988 and 1998. Three effects are examined. The industry mix effect indicates that a state should have experienced export growth above the national average if its exports were relatively more concentrated in industries whose exports expanded faster than the national average. The destination effect indicates that a state should have experienced export growth above the national average if its exports were concentrated in foreign markets whose purchases from the United States expanded faster than the national increase in exports. The competitive effect is what remains after accounting for these two effects. The authors find that the competitive effect, which in previous research was related to increases in human capital per worker, is the key determinant of a state's relative export performance. Furthermore, the industry mix and destination effects, which are of similar importance, are generally dominated by the competitive effect in accounting for a state's relative export performance.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The files submitted are the data file, 0101ccd.txt, and the program file, 0101ccp.txt. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01235
title: Rise and Fall of a Policy Rule: Monetarism at the St. Louis Fed, 1968-1986
title: Archival Version

description: From the 1960s to the 1980s, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis played an important and highly visible role in the development and advocacy of stabilization policy based on the targeting of monetary aggregates. Research conducted at the St. Louis Bank extended earlier monetarist analysis that had focused on the role of money in explaining economic activity in the long run. Their success in finding apparently robust, stable relationships in both long- and short-run data led monetarists to apply long-run propositions to short-run policy questions, effectively competing with alternative views of the time. When the short-run correlation between money and economic activity went astray in the early 1970s, however, the efficacy of the monetarist rule and appeals for targeting monetary aggregates to achieve economic stabilization quickly lost credibility. This article traces the evolution of monetary policy research at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis as it moved from the identification of long-run relationships between money and economic activity toward short-run policy analysis. The authors show how monetarists were lulled into advocating a short-run stabilization policy and argue that this experience counsels against overconfidence in our ability to identify infallible rules for conducting short-run stabilization policy in general.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The file submitted is the data file, 0101dwd.txt.
These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01236
title: Retail Sweep Programs and Bank Reserves
title: Archival Version

description: Since January 1994, the Federal Reserve Board has permitted depository institutions in the United States to implement so-called "retail sweep programs." The essence of these programs is computer software that dynamically reclassifies customer deposits from transaction accounts, which are subject to statutory reserve-requirement ratios as high as 10 percent, to money market deposit accounts, which have a zero ratio. Through the use of such software, hundreds of banks have sharply reduced the amount of their required reserves. In many cases, this new lower requirement places no constraint on the bank because it is less than the amount of reserves (vault cash and deposits at the Federal Reserve) that the bank requires for its ordinary day-to-day business. In the terminology introduced by the authors in a previous article (see MEASURING THE ADJUSTED MONETARY BASE IN AN ERA OF FINANCIAL CHANGE [ICPSR 1169]), such deposit-sweeping activity has allowed these banks to become "economically nonbound" and has reduced to zero the economic burden ("tax") due to statutory reserve requirements. In this analysis, the authors examine a large panel of United States banks and develop quantitative estimates of the impact of sweep software programs on the demand for bank reserves.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) The files submitted are the data file, 0101rad.xls, and the program file, 0101rap.prg. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01237
title: Membership Structure and Occupational Credit Union Deposit Rates
title: Archival Version

description: How do occupational credit unions set deposit rates? This article shows that the answer to this question depends on who actually makes business decisions in credit unions (who is in control), and whether local deposit market competition is important. It is not obvious who controls occupational credit unions. If the sponsor (the employer) is in control, then loans and deposits are priced to maximize the surplus received by all of the credit union's current and potential members (those eligible to join). If members are in control, then a group of members with a majority can maximize its own surplus. The group in control may include members whose primary purpose for joining the credit union is to borrow money or, alternatively, to lend money (make deposits). If local deposit-market competition is the dominant influence, then internal characteristics of the credit union won't matter at all. This study tests the sponsor-control, the member-control, and the market-control hypotheses against each other using a large sample of occupational credit unions observed in 1997. The results suggest that sponsors exercise effective control over occupational credit unions.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The files submitted are the data files in 0101wed.zip and 0101wed.exe and the program files in 0101wep.zip and 0101wep.exe.
These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01238
title: Private Prosecutions of Crime in England, 1194-1294
title: Archival Version

description: This dataset includes private prosecutions ("appeals") of homicide, rape, theft, assault, and other crimes from England between the years 1194 and 1294. The dataset includes information about more than 1,200 appeals from 14 English counties. Among the variables are the gender of the appellor, whether the appellor and appellee settled the case, and the jury verdict (if any). The cases are from printed and manuscript sources.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The files are Kldat.txt a tab-delimited ASCII text data file, and Klcode.pdf, the codebook, in an Adobe Acrobat PDF file.
These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01240
title: Expected Federal Budget Surplus: How Much Confidence Should the Public and Policymakers Place in the Projections?
title: Archival Version

description: When the government runs a deficit, it can borrow from the public -- that is, it can create debt. Conversely, when the government runs a surplus, it can retire that debt. For the past three years, the federal government has recorded budget surpluses, and both the White House Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office project that these surpluses will increase for at least the next decade. If these projections prove to be accurate, the $3.5 trillion of publicly held federal debt could be eliminated by around 2010. This article, which was written prior to the updated estimates published in January 2001, assesses the likelihood that these projected surpluses will materialize, and consequently eliminate the public debt, by comparing previous budget projections with actual outcomes. The authors show that the long-term budget projections have not provided a useful indicator of actual experience. Principally, these errors occur because of changes in macroeconomic conditions or unforeseen legislative actions, which both result in unanticipated increases or decreases in revenues or outlays. Not surprisingly, the projections have proven to be less reliable the longer the projection horizon. Moreover, over the period of available data, the projections have been biased upward, i.e., the actual deficits have been larger than projected. Accordingly, the authors suggest that prospects for eliminating the public debt may be overstated.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) One file was submitted, 0103kkd.xls. The file contains data and calculations. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigators if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01241
title: Simple Model of Limited Stock Market Participation
title: Archival Version

description: Stocks have outperformed government bonds, on average, by a large margin in historical data. However, most United States households do not own stocks, either directly or indirectly. Also, stocks are highly concentrated in the hands of relatively few wealthy people. In this article, the author describes some aspects of stock ownership. He then uses an overlapping-generations model to help explain why stock market participation is so limited and discusses some implications of limited stock market participation.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: (1) One file was submitted, 0105hgd.xls, containing data. (2) These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr02804
title: CBS News/New York Times Monthly Poll #3, October 1996
title: Archival Version

description: This poll, fielded October 17-20, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton, Vice President Al Gore, and their 1996 presidental campaign opponents, Senator Bob Dole and Ross Perot. Respondents were asked if they watched the presidential debate on October 16, 1996, if they had seen television ads for Bill Clinton, Bob Dole, or Ross Perot, if they were going to vote for the Republicans or Democrats, and if a Republican Congress would pass more policies than a Democratic one. Opinions were also sought on whether Bob Dole's age was an obstacle to winning the election, if Whitewater was a threat to Bill Clinton's winning the election, and if they knew about the alleged illegal money Al Gore accepted from Indonesian businessmen. Additional questions were asked pertaining to the economy, Medicare, retirement, Social Security, and retirement savings. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, race, education, religion, political party, political orientation, voter participation history, marital status, age of children in household, family income, and computer access.
description: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels..
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: CBS News/New York Times Poll Series
description: (1) This collection has not been processed by ICPSR staff. ICPSR is distributing the data and documentation for this collection in essentially the same form in which they were received. When appropriate, hardcopy documentation has been converted to machine-readable form and variables have been recoded to ensure respondents' anonymity. (2) The codebook is provided as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided through the ICPSR Website on the Internet.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr02807
title: ABC News/Washington Post Poll, September 1999
title: Archival Version

description: This poll, fielded August 30-September 2, 1999, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked for their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency. Their opinions were also sought on Vice President Al Gore, the United States Congress, former Red Cross president and Republican presidential hopeful Elizabeth Dole, First Lady Hillary Clinton, Texas Governor George W. Bush, former New Jersey governor and Democratic presidential hopeful Bill Bradley, former Vice President Dan Quayle, Arizona Senator John McCain, multimillionaire publisher Steve Forbes, conservative commentator Pat Buchanan, conservative talk show host Alan Keyes, Utah Senator Orrin Hatch, and Family Research Council President Gary Bauer. Respondents were asked a series of questions regarding the upcoming 2000 elections, including for whom the respondent intended to vote for president, and the importance of the following issues: gun control, campaign finance reform, tax reduction, Social Security/Medicare, crime, the economy, foreign affairs, education, helping the middle class, environmental protection, budget management, and upholding the dignity of the office of the president. Additional questions addressed which political party would best represent the American people on those issues. Respondents were asked to compare Gore and Bradley in the following areas: honesty and ethics, leadership, innovation, experience, personality, and capability of bringing change to Washington. A series of questions focused on gun control, including Congress's handling of the issue, proposed stricter gun laws, and the influence of the National Rifle Association (NRA) over gun control. Additional topics covered how Clinton will be remembered in history, who was to blame for his impeachment, how the Clinton scandal would affect Gore's presidential campaign, the Republican call for an $800 billion tax cut over the next ten years, how the federal budget surplus should be used, abortion, and whether Bush should answer questions regarding prior cocaine use. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, political party, political orientation, education, religion, voter registration and participation history, gun ownership, size of city of residence, labor union membership, Hispanic descent, and family income.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: ABC News/Washington Post Poll Series
description: The data are provided as an SPSS portable file.
This collection has not been processed by ICPSR staff. ICPSR is distributing the data and documentation for this collection in essentially the same form in which they were received. When appropriate, hardcopy documentation has been converted to machine-readable form and variables have been recoded to ensure respondents' anonymity.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01244
title: New Economy--New Policy Rules?
title: Archival Version

description: The United States economy appears to have experienced a pronounced shift toward higher productivity over the last five years or so. To understand the implications of such shifts for the structure of optimal monetary policy rules in simple dynamic economies, the authors begin with a standard economy in which a version of the Taylor rule constitutes the optimal monetary policy for a given inflation target and a given level of productivity. They augment this model with regime switching in productivity and calculate the optimal monetary policy rule in the altered environment. The authors find that, in the altered environment, a rule that incorporates leading indicators about regimes significantly outperforms the Taylor rule. They use this result to comment on the "new economy" events of the 1990s and the "stagflation" events of the 1970s from the perspective of their model.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The file submitted is 0109jb.zip, containing data and programs. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01245
title: Does Money Matter?
title: Archival Version

description: This paper was prepared for the Homer Jones Lecture, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 28, 2001. The author addresses the influence of monetarism and the role of money in making monetary policy. The monetarist idea that monetary policy has primary responsibility for inflation is now conventional wisdom. However, monetary aggregates are largely absent from models used by policy analysts and from currency monetary policy debates (at least in the United States). The author concludes with a discussion of whether current models and current practice undervalue the role of money, specifically noting how monetary aggregates may become important again if market interest rates are driven to zero, as they have been recently in Japan.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The file submitted is 0109lmd.xls, which shows data and/or calculations for figures in the article. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01246
title: Mechanics of a Successful Exchange-Rate Peg: Lessons for Emerging Markets
title: Archival Version

description: To the surprise of many market watchers, Thailand's exchange rate peg to the dollar collapsed in July 1997, leading to similar rounds of currency devaluations in other East Asian countries. This study seeks to determine whether there were identifiable contrasts in implementation between Thailand's peg and a perennially successful peg -- Austria's peg to the Deutsche mark -- that would have hinted at problems for Thailand prior to July 1997. The comparison suggests that Thailand was not sufficiently vigilant about keeping its inflation rate low in the early 1990s. By 1995, Thailand faced a situation in which a tight monetary policy involving high domestic interest rates would not always have created disinflationary pressure, as high interest rates also tended to attract greater capital inflow to Thailand. In this environment, Thailand's monetary policy became erratic and failed to maintain the exchange rate peg.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The file submitted is 0109md.zip, containing data and programs. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01247
title: Creation of the Euro and the Role of the Dollar in International Markets
title: Archival Version

description: Through the post-World War II period, the United States dollar has been the leading currency used in international trade and debt contracts. With the creation of the euro, the dollar may finally face a challenge to its dominance in international markets. This article examines the likely effects of the euro on the international use of the dollar. Moreover, the article considers the implications for the United States and the euro area of a rise in the use of the euro and consequent fall in the use of the dollar internationally.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The file submitted is 0109ppd.xls, containing data and calculations for the article. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr01249
title: Equity Financing of the Entrepreneurial Firm
title: Archival Version

description: Equity financing of entrepreneurial firms has achieved a rapid increase over the past decade. Venture capital funds, which finance privately held start-ups, raised a record $92.3 billion in 2000. This is a 30-fold increase relative to 1990. At Nasdaq, initial public offerings raised an all-time high of $53.6 billion in 2000, which is 24 times as much as in 1990. This article studies venture equity financing and equity financing through initial public offerings against the background of asymmetric information between the entrepreneur and the (outside) investor. The analysis shows that venture capital financing (1) is superior to initial public offerings when the entrepreneur has low initial wealth relative to the size of the project and (2) is equivalent otherwise. This result highlights the importance of private equity in financing entrepreneurial enterprises. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 allows banks to expand the scope of their activities in this arena. The act allows financial holding companies to provide equity financing to non-financial enterprises for up to ten years. In particular, the act defines a framework in which financial holding companies can sponsor private equity funds that may provide venture capital to entrepreneurial start-ups.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS1: Dataset
description: The file submitted is a data file, 0011fsd.txt.
These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator if further information is desired.