cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gt78n
title: Data from: Biomechanics of shear-sensitive adhesion in climbing animals: peeling, pre-tension and sliding-induced changes in interface strength

description: Many arthropods and small vertebrates use adhesive pads for climbing.
 These biological adhesives have to meet conflicting demands: attachment
 must be strong and reliable, yet detachment should be fast and effortless.
 Climbing animals can rapidly and reversibly control their pads'
 adhesive strength by shear forces, but the mechanisms underlying this
 coupling have remained unclear. Here, we show that adhesive forces of
 stick insect pads closely followed the predictions from tape peeling
 models when shear forces were small, but strongly exceeded them when shear
 forces were large, resulting in an approximately linear increase of
 adhesion with friction. Adhesion sharply increased at peel angles less
 than ca 30°, allowing a rapid switch between attachment and detachment.
 The departure from classic peeling theory coincided with the appearance of
 pad sliding, which dramatically increased the peel force via a combination
 of two mechanisms. First, partial sliding pre-stretched the pads, so that
 they were effectively stiffer upon detachment and peeled increasingly like
 inextensible tape. Second, pad sliding reduces the thickness of the fluid
 layer in the contact zone, thereby increasing the stress levels required
 for peeling. In combination, these effects can explain the coupling
 between adhesion and friction that is fundamental to adhesion control
 across all climbing animals. Our results highlight that control of
 adhesion is not solely achieved by direction-dependence and morphological
 anisotropy, suggesting promising new routes for the development of
 controllable bio-inspired adhesives.
description: Data for figures 1 &
 3Relationship between
 shear force, adhesive force, peel angle, and crack propagation speed for
 the adhesive organs of stick insects (Carausius
 morosus)Data_Labonte_and_federle2016.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.434pp11q
title: Data from: Senescence in immune priming and attractiveness in a beetle

description: Age-related decline in immune activity is referred to as immunosenescence
 and has been observed for both the adaptive immune response of vertebrates
 and the innate immune system of invertebrates. Since maintaining a basic
 level of immune defence and mounting an immune response is costly, optimal
 investment in immune function should vary over a wide range of individual
 states such as the individual’s age. In this study we tested whether the
 immune response and immunological priming within individuals become less
 efficient with age using mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor, as a model
 organism. We also tested whether aging and immunological priming affected
 the odours produced by males. We found that young males of T.molitor were
 capable of mounting an immune response a sterile nylon monofilament
 implant with the potential to exhibit a simple form of immune memory
 through mechanisms of immune priming. Older males did not increase their
 immune response to a second immune challenge, which negatively affected
 their sexual attractiveness and remaining life span. Our results indicate
 that the immune system of older males in T.molitor is less effective,
 suggesting complex evolutionary trade-offs between ageing, immune response
 and sexual attractiveness.
description: Senescence of immunity
 in Tenebrio molitor - J Evol BiolThis excel file contains
 the data on encapsulation response of young and old males and their
 attractiveness. The attractiveness was measured as the total time females
 spent (s) and number of visits of females on pheromone discs of the
 males.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rj017
title: Data from: Testing the adaptive significance of sex-specific mating tactics in collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris)

description: We tested whether territorial defence is adaptive in male collared lizards
 by examining the extent to which territory owners monopolize females. We
 also tested whether females benefit by mating with multiple males using
 alternative tactics when local sex ratios varied. Surprisingly, neither
 the number of offspring that males sired, nor the number of females that
 males mated with varied as a consequence of highly variable local sex
 ratios. Moreover, both the number of offspring sired and the number of
 female mates were independent of male social status. Courtship frequency
 was under positive directional sexual selection for mating success for
 territorial males. None of the phenotypic traits that we examined were
 targets of sexual selection in nonterritorial males. Although offspring
 survivorship decreased with the degree of multiple mating, females mated
 multiply with similar numbers of territorial and nonterritorial males
 during all three seasons. Females did not obtain material or genetic
 benefits that balanced the apparent offspring survival cost imposed by
 mating with multiple males. Instead, females appeared to be ‘making the
 best of a bad job’, perhaps because the abundance of hiding places used by
 subordinate males makes it difficult for females to avoid male harassment.
description: 2007-2009 female
 multiple mating and offspring survival dataRaw data for female
 multiple mating and offspring survival2007-2009 male behavior
 LSR and fitnessRaw data for male
 behavior, local sex ratio, and estimates of male
 fitness2007-2009 male mating
 success and reproductive successRaw data for male mating
 success and reproductive success
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18384790
title: NOVAC_BRAND6_3.3F_3_23C_0k_EDLC_single

description: MetSuperCap Project Dataset 3.3F SC sample 3 Novac - EDLC single - Brand6Part of the Constant Temperature DataBase
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18384789
title: NOVAC_BRAND6_3.3F_3_23C_0k_EDLC_single

description: MetSuperCap Project Dataset 3.3F SC sample 3 Novac - EDLC single - Brand6Part of the Constant Temperature DataBase
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.227qn
title: Data from: Social status and personality: stability in social state can promote consistency of behavioural responses

description: Stability of ‘state’ has been suggested as an underlying factor explaining
 behavioural stability and animal personality (i.e. variation among, and
 consistency within individuals in behavioural responses), but the
 possibility that stable social relationships represent such states remains
 unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of social status on the
 expression and consistency of behaviours by experimentally changing social
 status between repeated personality assays. We used male domestic fowl
 (Gallus gallus domesticus), a social species that forms relatively stable
 dominance hierarchies, and showed that behavioural responses were strongly
 affected by social status, but also by individual characteristics. The
 level of vigilance, activity and exploration changed with social status,
 whereas boldness appeared as a stable individual property, independent of
 status. Furthermore, variation in vocalization predicted future social
 status, indicating that individual behaviours can both be a predictor and
 a consequence of social status, depending on the aspect in focus. Our
 results illustrate that social states contribute to both variation and
 stability in behavioural responses, and should therefore be taken into
 account when investigating and interpreting variation in personality.
description: social_status_and_personality_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2q4p67m9
title: Data from: Phylogenetic signal in module composition and species connectivity in compartmentalized host-parasite networks

description: Across different taxa, networks of mutualistic or antagonistic
 interactions show consistent architecture. Most networks are modular, with
 modules being distinct species subsets connected mainly with each other
 and having few connections to other modules. We investigate the
 phylogenetic relatedness of species within modules and whether a
 phylogenetic signal is detectable in the within- and among module
 connectivity of species using 27 mammal-flea networks from the
 Palaearctic. In the 24 networks that were modular, closely-related hosts
 co-occurred in the same module more often than expected by chance; in
 contrast, this was rarely the case for parasites. The within- and
 among-module connectivity of the same host or parasite species varied
 geographically. However, among-module but not within-module connectivity
 of host and parasites was somewhat phylogenetically constrained. These
 findings suggest that the establishment of host-parasite networks results
 from the interplay between phylogenetic influences acting mostly on hosts
 and local factors acting on parasites, to create an asymmetrically
 constrained pattern of geographic variation in modular structure.
 Modularity in host-parasite networks seems to result from the shared
 evolutionary history of hosts and by trait convergence among unrelated
 parasites. This suggests profound differences between hosts and parasites
 in the establishment and functioning of bipartite antagonistic networks.
description: Mammal-Flea
 Networks
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g7q12
title: Data from: A general description of additive and non-additive elements of sperm competitiveness and their relation to male fertilization success

description: A complete understanding of male reproductive success, and thus sexual
 selection, often requires an insight into male success in sperm
 competition. Genuine conclusions on male sperm competitiveness can only be
 made in real competitive situations. However, statistical analyses of
 sperm competitiveness from fertilization success data have been shown to
 be problematic. Here, I first outline a comprehensive general description
 of the different additive and non-additive elements relevant for the
 outcome of sperm competition staged between two males. Based on this
 description, I will highlight two main problems that are frequently
 encountered in experiments aiming at estimating sperm competitiveness.
 First, I focus on potential problems when using standardized competitors
 vs. random mating trials, because trials with standardized competitors do
 not allow generalization if male-male interactions are important. Second,
 I illustrate the necessity to analyse data on the logit scale rather than
 on raw proportions, because only the logit scale allows a clean separation
 of additive and non-additive effects (i.e. male×male- and female×male
 interactions).
description: Rscript_simdataThis R-script simulates data and generates plots for expected estimates of offensive sperm competitiveness and their variances in relation to true offensive competitiveness in assays using a) random rival males, and b) standardized rival males. Three different levels of variation in first-male competitiveness and male-male interaction variation are assumed, respectively. This corresponds to figure 1 a,b in the original contribution. Similar simulations assuming variation in female bias towards second males and female-male interaction variation (i.e. fig 1 c,d) can be done with minor changes only.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cd233
title: Data from: Extreme intraclutch egg-size dimorphism in Eudyptes penguins, an evolutionary response to clutch-size maladaptation

description: Eudyptes penguins (six species) are uniquely characterized by a two-egg
 clutch with extreme intraclutch egg-size dimorphism (ESD): the first-laid
 A-egg is 17.5%–56.9% smaller than the B-egg. Although A-eggs are viable,
 they almost never produce fledged chicks (genus average &lt;1%). Using
 classical life-history theory and phylogenetic comparative methods, we
 demonstrate a marked slowdown in the life history of Eudyptes: age of
 first reproduction is 52% later and annual fecundity 48% lower compared
 with other two-egg clutch penguin species. All six Eudyptes species have
 retained a two-egg clutch, despite this pronounced life-history slowdown;
 this suggests evolutionary mismatch between clutch size and chicks fledged
 per clutch. Consistent with this, we show that Eudyptes fledge 43% fewer
 chicks per clutch than other two-egg clutch penguin species. Extreme
 intraclutch ESD in Eudyptes is associated primarily with a uniform (5%)
 increase in relative B-egg size, and B-egg size has evolved in accord with
 life history. We further show that intraclutch ESD is positively
 correlated with age of first reproduction in Eudyptes but not in other
 two-egg clutch penguin species. We argue that Eudyptes’ persistent failure
 to evolve a one-egg clutch constitutes a unique genus-wide evolutionary
 maladaptation and that extreme intraclutch ESD evolved as a correlated
 response to selection favoring a slower life history imposed by their
 extreme pelagic overwintering and migration ecology.
description: Life history
 characteristics of penguin speciesStein and Williams AmNat 53502
 Table 1 data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rq9453m
title: Data from: Occupancy models for citizen-science data

description: 1. Large-scale citizen science projects, such as atlases of species
 distribution, are an important source of data for macroecological
 research, for understanding the effects of climate change and other
 drivers on biodiversity, and for more applied conservation tasks, such as
 early-warning systems for biodiversity loss. 2. However, citizen-science
 data are challenging to analyse because the observation process has to be
 taken into account. Typically, the observation process leads to
 heterogeneous and non-random sampling, false absences, false detections
 and spatial correlations in the data. Increasingly, occupancy models are
 being used to analyse atlas data. 3. We advocate a dual approach to
 strengthen inference from citizen science data for the questions the
 programme is intended to address. 1) the survey design should be chosen
 with a particular set of questions and associated analysis strategy in
 mind and 2) the statistical methods should be tailored not only to those
 questions, but also to the specific characteristics of the data. 4. We
 review the consequences of particular survey design choices that typically
 need to be made in atlas-style citizen science projects. These include
 spatial resolution of the sampling units, allocation of effort in space,
 and collection of information about the observation process. On the
 analysis side, we review extensions of the basic occupancy models that are
 frequently necessary with atlas data, including methods for dealing with
 heterogeneity, non-independent detections, false detections and violation
 of the closure assumption. 5. New technology, such as cell phone apps and
 fixed remote detection devices, are revolutionizing citizen science
 projects. There is an opportunity to maximise the usefulness of the
 resulting data sets if the protocols are rooted in robust statistical
 designs and data analysis issues are being considered. Our review provides
 guidelines for designing new projects and an overview of the current
 methods that can be used to analyse data from such projects.
description: Altwegg_Nichols_Occupancy_Models_for_Citizen_Science_Literature_ReviewResults of a systematic literature search carried out on Web of Science on 29 September 2017. We searched for the keywords `"atlas" and "occupancy" ', `"citizen scien*" and "occupancy model*"', and `"breeding bird survey" and "occupancy model"'. We retained only publications that used data from a citizen science programme on birds and that had used occupancy models that accounted for the observation process.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0t20pq0
title: Data from: Aggressive spiders make the wrong decision in a difficult task

description: Accurate and timely decisions are critical for foraging, predator
 avoidance, and reproductive success. However, there is often a trade-off
 between speed and accuracy in decision-making, where individuals that make
 decisions more quickly make more mistakes. An individual’s personality may
 influence its decision-making style (i.e. whether it errs more in the
 speed or accuracy of a decision) and this relationship may change
 depending on contexts. Despite growing research on invertebrate
 personality, how personality correlates with decision-making style is
 still largely unknown and little research has assessed these relationships
 across tasks of varying difficulty. Here we test the relationship between
 aggressiveness and decision-making style in Portia labiata, a specialized
 spider-eating jumping spider, in both a simple and a difficult task. We
 found that aggressive spiders made fewer directional changes before
 completing the tasks, regardless of task difficulty. However, decision
 accuracy was jointly determined by both aggressiveness and task
 difficulty. Aggressive spiders made more accurate decisions in the simple
 task, while docile spiders made more accurate decisions in the difficult
 task. We conclude that the relationship between personality and
 decision-making style in P. labiata is context dependent. We also discuss
 how the association between aggressiveness and decision-making style may
 serve important functions in maintaining behavioral variation in a natural
 population.
description: Aggression_dataThis is the aggression data for each individual (ID) with body mass, body length, and carapace width. Each spider was tested five times with trial number one to five.decision making dataThis is the decision making data. See README file.task data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ms812
title: Data from: Use of glacial fronts by narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in West Greenland

description: Glacial fronts are important summer habitat for narwhals (Monodon
 monoceros), however, no studies have quantified which glacial properties
 attract whales. We investigated the importance of glacial habitats using
 telemetry data from n=15 whales in September 1993-1994 and 2006-2007 in
 Melville Bay, West Greenland. For 41 marine-terminating glaciers, we
 estimated 1) narwhal presence/absence, 2) number of 24 h periods spent at
 glaciers, and 3) the fraction of narwhals that visited each glacier (at 5,
 7, and 10 km) in autumn. We also compiled data on glacier width, ice
 thickness, ice velocity, front advance/retreat, area and extent of iceberg
 discharge, bathymetry, subglacial freshwater runoff, and sediment flux.
 Narwhal use of glacial habitats expanded in the 2000s likely due to
 reduced summer fast ice and later fall freeze-up. Using a generalized
 multivariate framework, glacier ice front thickness (vertical height in
 the water column) was a significant covariate in all models. A negative
 relationship with glacier velocity was included in several models and
 glacier front width was a significant predictor in the 2000s. Results
 suggest narwhals prefer glaciers with potential for higher ambient
 freshwater melt over glaciers with silt-laden discharge. This may
 represent a preference for summer freshwater habitat, similar to other
 Arctic monodontids.
description: Laidre et al. glacier
 databaseThese data are the
 physical variables that describe the properties of each glacier front in
 NW Greenland, as used in Laidre et al. Biology Letters.Laidre et al. Supplemental data
 final.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh7kh99
title: Data from: Expression plasticity and evolutionary changes extensively shape the sugar-mimic alkaloid adaptation of non-digestive glucosidase in lepidopteran mulberry-specialist insects

description: During the co-evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores,
 insects evolved systematic adaptive plasticity to minimise the chemical
 defence effects of their host plants. Previous studies mainly focused on
 the expressional plasticity of enzymes in detoxification and digestion.
 However, the expressional response and adaptive evolution of other
 fundamental regulators against host phytochemicals are largely unknown.
 Glucosidase II (GII), which is composed of a catalytic GIIα subunit and a
 regulatory GIIβ subunit, is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that
 regulates glycoprotein folding. In this study, we found that GIIα
 expression of the mulberry-specialist insect was significantly induced by
 mulberry leaf extract, 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), whereas GIIβ
 transcripts were not significantly changed. Moreover, positive selection
 was detected in GIIα when the mulberry-specialist insects diverged from
 the lepidopteran order; whereas GIIβ was mainly subjected to purifying
 selection, thus indicating an asymmetrically selective pressure of GII
 subunits. In addition, positively selected sites were enriched in the GIIα
 of mulberry-specialist insects, and located around the 1-DNJ binding sites
 and in the C-terminal region, which could result in conformational changes
 that affect catalytic activity and substrate-binding efficiency. These
 results show that expression plasticity and evolutionary changes
 extensively shape sugar-mimic alkaloids adaptation of non-digestive
 glucosidase in lepidopteran mulberry-specialist insects. Our study
 provides novel insights into a deep understanding of the sequestration and
 adaptation of phytophagous specialists to host defensive compounds.
description: Raw qRT-PCR
 dataThe data file provides
 the raw Ct values for the qRT-PCR assay. The qRT-PCR assay was performed
 using total RNA isolated from midgut of 4th instar larvae of B. mori or S.
 c. ricini. Three biological replicates and three technical replicates were
 performed for each sample. The coding gene of Ribosomal protein 49 of B.
 mori and S. c. ricini was used as an internal control.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13qj2
title: Data from: The impact of pyrethroid resistance on the efficacy and effectiveness of bednets for malaria control in Africa

description: Long lasting pyrethroid treated bednets are the most important tool for
 preventing malaria. Pyrethroid resistant Anopheline mosquitoes are now
 ubiquitous in Africa though the public health impact remains unclear,
 impeding the deployment of more expensive nets. Meta-analyses of bioassay
 studies and experimental hut trials are used to characterise how
 pyrethroid resistance changes the efficacy of standard bednets, and those
 containing the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), and assess its impact
 on malaria control. New bednets provide substantial personal protection
 until high levels of resistance though protection may wane faster against
 more resistant mosquito populations as nets age. Transmission dynamics
 models indicate that even low levels of resistance would increase the
 incidence of malaria due to reduced mosquito mortality and lower overall
 community protection over the life-time of the net. Switching to PBO
 bednets could avert up to 0.5 clinical cases per person per year in some
 resistance scenarios.
description: Summary of published
 experimental hut trials comparing standard pyrethroid bednets and those
 with the synergist piperonyl butoxide.Dataset is outlined in
 Figure 2 Source Data 4 in the linked manuscript. It provides details of a
 meta-analysis of experimental hut trials investigating the efficacy of
 long-lasting pyrethroid insecticide treated bednets and how their efficacy
 is altered by pyrethroid resistance. Published studies which directly
 compare pyrethroid bednets with and without the synergist piperonyl
 butoxide are provided. The manuscript also uses results from unpublished
 studies which will be uploaded to this database once they become
 publically availible.Figure 2 Source Data
 4.xlsx