DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn65
title: Data from: Historic land use modifies impacts of climate and isolation in rear edge European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations

description: Legacies of human land use have the potential to impact demographic
 responses to climate. However, few studies have investigated the
 interactive effects of land use legacies and climate change on tree
 demography. The demographic performance of rear edge populations in
 particular is an important determinant of a species’ long-term
 persistence. In this study, we investigated whether human land use
 legacies affect demographic responses to climate and population isolation
 in rear edge European beech populations (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the
 temperate-Mediterranean transition zone in the NE Iberian Peninsula. We
 utilised data from the Spanish Forest Inventory and generalised linear
 mixed models to compare the potential interactions across four different
 demographic rates (tree growth, survival probability, new adult
 recruitment and sapling recruitment). We found that the demographic rates
 were affected by the combination of land use legacies, climate and
 population isolation in different ways, which could potentially lead to
 complex shifts in future population dynamics under climate change. We
 identified that intense historic management either magnified negative
 relationships between tree demography and climate or population isolation,
 or reduced demographic performance in favourable climates to levels
 observed in unfavourable climates. Through either form of interaction, we
 found that intense historic forest management had a negative impact on
 tree demography, which has the potential to compromise future carbon
 stocks and long-term population viability. Overall, we show that
 disentangling human and environmental factors can enable us to better
 understand heterogeneous demographic performance across the rear edge of
 species distributions.
description: The dataset was processed using R and QGIS following the methods
 described in Rhoades <em>et al.</em> (2024). 
description: # Data and R scripts associated with: Historic land use modifies impacts
 of climate and isolation in rear edge European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
 populations
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn65](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn65) ## Description of the data and file structure Provides growth, survival and recruitment data for European beech in Catalonia, Spain, alongside predictors relevant to forest demography. Also provides R scripts demonstrating model selection procedure and model outputs. ### Files and variables Details regarding calculation of all variables is detailed in Rhoades *et al*. (2024). #### File: growth\_tidy.csv **Description:** Data used to fit the growth model in Rhoades *et al.* (2024). ##### Variables * Plot_ID: Anonymised Spanish National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot ID * IFNcode: Spanish Forest Inventory time period (NFI2-3 or NFI3-4) * DBH_growth_per_year: Annual tree growth (diameter at breast height, mm) * LogMod_DBH_growth_per_year: Log modulus transformed annual tree growth (diameter at breast height, mm) * Growing_Season_No: Number of complete growing seasons between the NFI inventory periods * dbhini: Tree diameter at breast height (mm) at beginning of inventory period * dbhini_sc: Tree diameter at breast height (mm) at beginning of inventory period - scaled * Current_GS_Mean_VPD_Lag2: Mean vapour pressure deficit (kPa) at NFI plot * Current_GS_Mean_VPD_Lag2_sc: Mean vapour pressure deficit (kPa) at NFI plot - scaled * GS_VPD_Anomaly_Lag2: Vapour pressure deficit (kPa) anomaly at NFI plot * GS_VPD_Anomaly_Lag2_sc: Vapour pressure deficit (kPa) anomaly at NFI plot - scaled * TPI_30m: Topographic position index of NFI plot * TPI_30m_sc: Topographic position index of NFI plot - scaled * CWM_P50: Regional drought tolerance index of NFI plot * CWM_P50_sc:Regional drought tolerance index of NFI plot - scaled * Fragmentation: Population isolation index of NFI plot * Fragmentation_sc: Population isolation index of NFI plot - scaled * Land_Use_1956: Forest age of NFI plot according to land use type in 1956 * Adult_Prop_Resprout: Proportion of adult trees in NFI plot that have resprouted from stumps * Adult_Prop_Resprout_sc: Proportion of adult trees in NFI plot that have resprouted from stumps - scaled * Plot_baha_ini: Initial NFI plot basal area at beginning of inventory period (mm/ha) * Plot_baha_ini_sc: Initial NFI plot basal area at beginning of inventory period (mm/ha) - scaled * Cut: Recent management of NFI plot * DTM_Elevation: Elevation of NFI plot, used in the calculation of Topographic Position Index #### File: survival\_tidy.csv **Description:** Data used to fit the survival model in Rhoades *et al.* (2024). ##### Variables * Plot_ID: Anonymised Spanish National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot ID * IFNcode: Spanish Forest Inventory time period (NFI2-3 or NFI3-4) * Survival: Tree survival (1 = survival, 0 = mortality) * Growing_Season_No: Number of complete growing seasons between the NFI inventory periods * dbhini: Tree diameter at breast height (mm) at beginning of inventory period * dbhini_sc: Tree diameter at breast height (mm) at beginning of inventory period - scaled * Current_GS_Mean_VPD_Lag2: Mean vapour pressure deficit (kPa) at NFI plot * Current_GS_Mean_VPD_Lag2_sc: Mean vapour pressure deficit (kPa) at NFI plot - scaled * GS_VPD_Anomaly_Lag2: Vapour pressure deficit (kPa) anomaly at NFI plot * GS_VPD_Anomaly_Lag2_sc: Vapour pressure deficit (kPa) anomaly at NFI plot - scaled * TPI_30m: Topographic position index of NFI plot * TPI_30m_sc: Topographic position index of NFI plot - scaled * CWM_P50: Regional drought tolerance index of NFI plot * CWM_P50_sc:Regional drought tolerance index of NFI plot - scaled * Fragmentation: Population isolation index of NFI plot * Fragmentation_sc: Population isolation index of NFI plot - scaled * Land_Use_1956: Forest age of NFI plot according to land use type in 1956 * Adult_Prop_Resprout: Proportion of adult trees in NFI plot that have resprouted from stumps * Adult_Prop_Resprout_sc: Proportion of adult trees in NFI plot that have resprouted from stumps - scaled * Plot_baha_ini: Initial NFI plot basal area at beginning of inventory period (mm/ha) * Plot_baha_ini_sc: Initial NFI plot basal area at beginning of inventory period (mm/ha) - scaled * Cut: Recent management of NFI plot * DTM_Elevation: Elevation of NFI plot, used in the calculation of Topographic Position Index #### File: recruits\_tidy.csv **Description:** Data used to fit the recruitment (new adult and sapling) models in Rhoades et al. (2024). ##### Variables * Plot_ID: Anonymised Spanish National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot ID * IFNcode: Spanish Forest Inventory time period (NFI2-3 or NFI3-4) * Ingrowth_Count: Number of new beech adults in NFI plot - Sapling_Count: Number of beech saplings in NFI plot * Current_GS_Mean_VPD_Lag2: Mean vapour pressure deficit (kPa) at NFI plot - Current_GS_Mean_VPD_Lag2_sc: Mean vapour pressure deficit (kPa) at NFI plot - scaled - GS_VPD_Anomaly_Lag2: Vapour pressure deficit (kPa) anomaly at NFI plot - GS_VPD_Anomaly_Lag2_sc: Vapour pressure deficit (kPa) anomaly at NFI plot - scaled - TPI_30m: Topographic position index of NFI plot - TPI_30m_sc: Topographic position index of NFI plot - scaled - CWM_P50: Regional drought tolerance index of NFI plot - CWM_P50_sc: Regional drought tolerance index of NFI plot - scaled - Fragmentation: Population isolation index of NFI plot - Fragmentation_sc: Population isolation index of NFI plot - scaled - Land_Use_1956: Forest age of NFI plot according to land use type in 1956 - Adult_Prop_Resprout: Proportion of adult trees in NFI plot that have resprouted from stumps - Adult_Prop_Resprout_sc: Proportion of adult trees in NFI plot that have resprouted from stumps - scaled - Plot_baha_ini: Initial NFI plot basal area at beginning of inventory period (mm/ha) - Plot_baha_ini_sc: Initial NFI plot basal area at beginning of inventory period (mm/ha) - scaled - Cut: Recent management of NFI plot - DTM_Elevation: Elevation of NFI plot, used in the calculation of Topographic Position Index #### File: 1\_GrowthModel.R **Description:** R script showing model selection procedure and final fitted model for tree growth. #### File: 2\_SurvivalModel.R **Description:** R script showing model selection procedure and final fitted model for tree survival. #### File: 3\_IngrowthModel.R **Description:** R script showing model selection procedure and final fitted model for abundance of new adult trees. #### File: 4\_SaplingModel.R **Description:** R script showing model selection procedure and final fitted model for abundance of tree saplings.