cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011151
title: A model to assess the relationship between management opportunism and auditor reaction. Simulation on financial restatements and on a sample of Brazilian companies listed on NYSE

description: Abstract Purpose: The objective of the paper is to investigate whether managers behave opportunistically by manipulating earnings and whether financial restatements, required by the auditors from the auditees, have the potential to decrease management opportunism. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical approach undertaken uses a self-constructed model in order to detect the influence of financial restatements on discretionary accruals and to observe possible earnings management practices, considering financial restatements as the explanatory variable. Findings: The values computed for discretionary accruals confirm the existence of earnings management and suggest possible management bias in accounting estimates and other accounting policies. Originality/value: This study provides a tool for overcoming deficiencies in relation to accounting estimates and other accounting policies in the auditing process, by assessing the relationship between management opportunism and auditors’ reactions using financial restatement requirements.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011151.v1
title: A model to assess the relationship between management opportunism and auditor reaction. Simulation on financial restatements and on a sample of Brazilian companies listed on NYSE

description: Abstract Purpose: The objective of the paper is to investigate whether managers behave opportunistically by manipulating earnings and whether financial restatements, required by the auditors from the auditees, have the potential to decrease management opportunism. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical approach undertaken uses a self-constructed model in order to detect the influence of financial restatements on discretionary accruals and to observe possible earnings management practices, considering financial restatements as the explanatory variable. Findings: The values computed for discretionary accruals confirm the existence of earnings management and suggest possible management bias in accounting estimates and other accounting policies. Originality/value: This study provides a tool for overcoming deficiencies in relation to accounting estimates and other accounting policies in the auditing process, by assessing the relationship between management opportunism and auditors’ reactions using financial restatement requirements.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011153
title: Analysis of Bitcoin’s Impact on the Efficiency of a Diversified Portfolio for Brazilian Investors

description: Abstract Purpose: This paper aims to investigate if the inclusion of Bitcoin among the assets available to retail investors in the Brazilian market has an impact on the efficient frontier and, therefore, on the optimal choices of investors. Design/methodology/approach: This study calculates the efficient frontier with and without the inclusion of Bitcoin and estimates optimal portfolios for different criteria and time intervals. The sample period runs from 07/01/2013 to 06/30/2018 and the daily closing values of the selected assets/indices were used. Findings: This study finds evidence that the inclusion of Bitcoin among the investment alternatives would cause a statistically significant positive displacement and an expansion of the efficient frontier of the Brazilian retail market. This would result in a significant increase in the return on the tangency portfolio. In addition to improving the indicators of optimization of the risk-return binomial, the cryptoasset would be included in many optimal portfolios in the 2013Q3-2018Q2 period. Originality/value: The results obtained show that, as reported for more developed markets, Bitcoin has caused an expansion of the efficient frontier of the Brazilian retail market.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011153.v1
title: Analysis of Bitcoin’s Impact on the Efficiency of a Diversified Portfolio for Brazilian Investors

description: Abstract Purpose: This paper aims to investigate if the inclusion of Bitcoin among the assets available to retail investors in the Brazilian market has an impact on the efficient frontier and, therefore, on the optimal choices of investors. Design/methodology/approach: This study calculates the efficient frontier with and without the inclusion of Bitcoin and estimates optimal portfolios for different criteria and time intervals. The sample period runs from 07/01/2013 to 06/30/2018 and the daily closing values of the selected assets/indices were used. Findings: This study finds evidence that the inclusion of Bitcoin among the investment alternatives would cause a statistically significant positive displacement and an expansion of the efficient frontier of the Brazilian retail market. This would result in a significant increase in the return on the tangency portfolio. In addition to improving the indicators of optimization of the risk-return binomial, the cryptoasset would be included in many optimal portfolios in the 2013Q3-2018Q2 period. Originality/value: The results obtained show that, as reported for more developed markets, Bitcoin has caused an expansion of the efficient frontier of the Brazilian retail market.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011154
title: Financial Crisis and Impairment Recognition in Non-Financial Assets

description: Abstract Purpose: To analyse the impact of the financial crisis on the recognition of non-financial asset impairments in European listed companies. Theoretical framework: The study explores the impact of the theory of measuring the economic value of non-financial assets on managers’ decisions to recognize impairments, especially in the context of an economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Logit and ordinary least squares models were estimated to analyse the probability of recognition and the amount of impairment recognized, respectively, over a 10-year period. Findings: The results show that European companies recognized less impairments during the crisis, including companies in countries that have used external financial aid, suggesting that managers may use impairment recognition as a way of practicing earnings management. Research Practical & Social implications: The results are of interest to several stakeholders, namely: creditors, investors, financial market regulators, entities that prepare and oversee the application of accounting and auditing standards, and ultimately European leaders in terms of structural reforms and investor protection laws. Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature that analyses the impact of the financial crisis on the recognition of impairments in non-financial assets and, in particular, in the context of greater financial fragility. It also contributes to the literature on the use of discretion in the recognition of impairments and earnings management practices. Moreover, it adds to the theoretical debate regarding the principles of measurement in the context of impairment, and how this may affect assessments of the economic values of non-financial assets.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011154.v1
title: Financial Crisis and Impairment Recognition in Non-Financial Assets

description: Abstract Purpose: To analyse the impact of the financial crisis on the recognition of non-financial asset impairments in European listed companies. Theoretical framework: The study explores the impact of the theory of measuring the economic value of non-financial assets on managers’ decisions to recognize impairments, especially in the context of an economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Logit and ordinary least squares models were estimated to analyse the probability of recognition and the amount of impairment recognized, respectively, over a 10-year period. Findings: The results show that European companies recognized less impairments during the crisis, including companies in countries that have used external financial aid, suggesting that managers may use impairment recognition as a way of practicing earnings management. Research Practical & Social implications: The results are of interest to several stakeholders, namely: creditors, investors, financial market regulators, entities that prepare and oversee the application of accounting and auditing standards, and ultimately European leaders in terms of structural reforms and investor protection laws. Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature that analyses the impact of the financial crisis on the recognition of impairments in non-financial assets and, in particular, in the context of greater financial fragility. It also contributes to the literature on the use of discretion in the recognition of impairments and earnings management practices. Moreover, it adds to the theoretical debate regarding the principles of measurement in the context of impairment, and how this may affect assessments of the economic values of non-financial assets.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011157
title: Healthy eating as a trend: consumers’ perceptions towards products with nutrition and health claims

description: Abstract Purpose: The number of food products containing nutritional or health claims, such as added calcium for stronger bones, has been increasing. Accordingly, we aimed to understand consumers’ perceptions towards products that are considered to be healthier and to know how these perceptions affect their purchase intentions. Theoretical framework: Based on consumer perception theory and how consumers process and interpret information, we sought to better understand consumer behavior in relation to the use of nutrition claims in marketing communication. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was conducted via an online questionnaire and responses were obtained from 477 Portuguese consumers. Findings: The results show that the most relevant characteristics when purchasing food are price and taste. However, the addition of a claim can increase purchase intentions. Practical & social implications of research: The reasons behind the new offerings by the food industry are related to the growing demand from individuals for products aimed at improving their health status, which has been deteriorating due to factors such as sedentary lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and a poor diet in terms of nutrition. It is important to know if these claims translate into effective changes in purchasing behavior. Originality/value: The results lead to the conclusion that claims are important in the food choices of the Portuguese respondents, who are less keen on “light” and “lean.” When it comes to using claims in communication, in Portugal, it is always better to use a direct, transparent, and rigorous approach; otherwise the consumer will not be induced to buy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011157.v1
title: Healthy eating as a trend: consumers’ perceptions towards products with nutrition and health claims

description: Abstract Purpose: The number of food products containing nutritional or health claims, such as added calcium for stronger bones, has been increasing. Accordingly, we aimed to understand consumers’ perceptions towards products that are considered to be healthier and to know how these perceptions affect their purchase intentions. Theoretical framework: Based on consumer perception theory and how consumers process and interpret information, we sought to better understand consumer behavior in relation to the use of nutrition claims in marketing communication. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was conducted via an online questionnaire and responses were obtained from 477 Portuguese consumers. Findings: The results show that the most relevant characteristics when purchasing food are price and taste. However, the addition of a claim can increase purchase intentions. Practical & social implications of research: The reasons behind the new offerings by the food industry are related to the growing demand from individuals for products aimed at improving their health status, which has been deteriorating due to factors such as sedentary lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and a poor diet in terms of nutrition. It is important to know if these claims translate into effective changes in purchasing behavior. Originality/value: The results lead to the conclusion that claims are important in the food choices of the Portuguese respondents, who are less keen on “light” and “lean.” When it comes to using claims in communication, in Portugal, it is always better to use a direct, transparent, and rigorous approach; otherwise the consumer will not be induced to buy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011159.v1
title: Income tax on PGBL and VGBL pension plans: analysis of progressive and regressive forms of taxation

description: Abstract Purpose: The study investigates incentives in two types of private pension plans in Brazil: PGBL and VGBL. It identifies which one to choose to minimize income tax, considering both progressive and regressive forms of taxation. Theoretical framework: Based on Sutcliffe (2016), the individual decision-making process depends on the taxonomy of tax incentives (Disney & Whitehouse, 1999) and economic effects (Barr & Diamond, 2009; Armstrong, Davis, & Ebell, 2015). Design/methodology/approach: This study used an innovative approach, calculating the actuarial present value gross and net of tax for nominal cash flows, applied to the objective function that minimizes the average effective income tax rate: according to the definition by Fullerton (1984). A simulator was created for the optimal decision of representative individuals regarding the form of taxation to choose, thus reducing the amount of tax payable. Research Practical & Social implications: We advise those with PGBL and VGBL pension plans on the best decision regarding forms of taxation, thus contributing to an improvement in tax legislation. Originality/value: The study’s main contribution lies in calculating actuarial annuity gross and net of income tax, impacted by inflation over time, in addition to calculating traditional variables such as real interest rate, taxable income, deductible expenses, age, sex, and the life table.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011159
title: Income tax on PGBL and VGBL pension plans: analysis of progressive and regressive forms of taxation

description: Abstract Purpose: The study investigates incentives in two types of private pension plans in Brazil: PGBL and VGBL. It identifies which one to choose to minimize income tax, considering both progressive and regressive forms of taxation. Theoretical framework: Based on Sutcliffe (2016), the individual decision-making process depends on the taxonomy of tax incentives (Disney & Whitehouse, 1999) and economic effects (Barr & Diamond, 2009; Armstrong, Davis, & Ebell, 2015). Design/methodology/approach: This study used an innovative approach, calculating the actuarial present value gross and net of tax for nominal cash flows, applied to the objective function that minimizes the average effective income tax rate: according to the definition by Fullerton (1984). A simulator was created for the optimal decision of representative individuals regarding the form of taxation to choose, thus reducing the amount of tax payable. Research Practical & Social implications: We advise those with PGBL and VGBL pension plans on the best decision regarding forms of taxation, thus contributing to an improvement in tax legislation. Originality/value: The study’s main contribution lies in calculating actuarial annuity gross and net of income tax, impacted by inflation over time, in addition to calculating traditional variables such as real interest rate, taxable income, deductible expenses, age, sex, and the life table.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011160
title: Self-perceptions of Organizational Justice and Burnout in Attitudes and Behaviors in the Work of Internal Auditors

description: Abstract Purpose: This study analyzes self-perceptions of justice and burnout in job attitudes and behaviors (job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intentions). Theoretical framework: The literature foresees that perceptions of injustice in the workplace may impact affective organizational commitment (Folger & Konovsky, 1989), job satisfaction (Folger & Konovsky, 1989; Cohen-Charash & Spector, 2001; Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter, & Ng, 2001), and turnover intentions (Flint, Haley, & McNally, 2013; Vaamonde, Omar, & Salessi, 2018), as well as causing frustration, chronic stress, and burnout (Maslach, 2007). Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey was carried out of internal auditors of companies and a total of 124 valid questionnaires were obtained. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated direct relationships between distributive justice and behavioral variables. They also revealed mediation by burnout in the relationships between procedural justice and both job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. They also show that auditors who perceive procedural injustice present turnover intentions when they are emotionally exhausted and in a state of depersonalization. Research Practical & Social implications: This research shows how perceptions of organizational justice are capable of psychologically influencing individuals into displaying positive behaviors (greater job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment) or dysfunctional behaviors (turnover intentions). Originality/value: The paper discusses attitudes of initiative and social interaction and passive attitudes arising from exhaustion and indifference to work, and how these can derive from judgments about resource allocation, decision-making processes, and interactions with supervisors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011160.v1
title: Self-perceptions of Organizational Justice and Burnout in Attitudes and Behaviors in the Work of Internal Auditors

description: Abstract Purpose: This study analyzes self-perceptions of justice and burnout in job attitudes and behaviors (job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intentions). Theoretical framework: The literature foresees that perceptions of injustice in the workplace may impact affective organizational commitment (Folger & Konovsky, 1989), job satisfaction (Folger & Konovsky, 1989; Cohen-Charash & Spector, 2001; Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter, & Ng, 2001), and turnover intentions (Flint, Haley, & McNally, 2013; Vaamonde, Omar, & Salessi, 2018), as well as causing frustration, chronic stress, and burnout (Maslach, 2007). Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey was carried out of internal auditors of companies and a total of 124 valid questionnaires were obtained. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated direct relationships between distributive justice and behavioral variables. They also revealed mediation by burnout in the relationships between procedural justice and both job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. They also show that auditors who perceive procedural injustice present turnover intentions when they are emotionally exhausted and in a state of depersonalization. Research Practical & Social implications: This research shows how perceptions of organizational justice are capable of psychologically influencing individuals into displaying positive behaviors (greater job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment) or dysfunctional behaviors (turnover intentions). Originality/value: The paper discusses attitudes of initiative and social interaction and passive attitudes arising from exhaustion and indifference to work, and how these can derive from judgments about resource allocation, decision-making processes, and interactions with supervisors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011162
title: Effect of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior: the role of reduced organization-based self-esteem and emotional stability

description: Abstract Purpose: The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of despotic leadership behavior on followers’ counterproductive behavior. It was also hypothesized that the effect would be mediated by reduced organization-based self-esteem (ROBSE) and moderated by employee emotional stability. We draw upon the conservation of resources perspective and social exchange theory. Theoretical framework: We draw upon social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach: The setting of the study was SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in the Gujranwala Division of Pakistan. Time-lagged data were collected from 227 supervisor-subordinate dyads. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the direct and mediating effects. Interaction moderation was performed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS. Findings: The findings suggest that despotic leadership has a positive effect on counterproductive behavior. Reduced organization-based self-esteem partially mediates the influence of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior. Similarly, emotional stability moderates the impact of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior. Research Practical & Social Implications: The phenomenon of despotic leadership is not new in organizations; however, it has only recently attracted interest from researchers. It is a good time to empirically investigate the impacts this leadership style can have on subordinates. Originality/Value: For the first time, it is confirmed by our results that despotic leaders’ behavior lowers subordinates’ self-esteem and causes them to engage in counterproductive behavior, except those who have high levels of emotional stability. The study sheds light on the ill effects of despotic leaders on followers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011162.v1
title: Effect of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior: the role of reduced organization-based self-esteem and emotional stability

description: Abstract Purpose: The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of despotic leadership behavior on followers’ counterproductive behavior. It was also hypothesized that the effect would be mediated by reduced organization-based self-esteem (ROBSE) and moderated by employee emotional stability. We draw upon the conservation of resources perspective and social exchange theory. Theoretical framework: We draw upon social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach: The setting of the study was SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in the Gujranwala Division of Pakistan. Time-lagged data were collected from 227 supervisor-subordinate dyads. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the direct and mediating effects. Interaction moderation was performed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS. Findings: The findings suggest that despotic leadership has a positive effect on counterproductive behavior. Reduced organization-based self-esteem partially mediates the influence of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior. Similarly, emotional stability moderates the impact of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior. Research Practical & Social Implications: The phenomenon of despotic leadership is not new in organizations; however, it has only recently attracted interest from researchers. It is a good time to empirically investigate the impacts this leadership style can have on subordinates. Originality/Value: For the first time, it is confirmed by our results that despotic leaders’ behavior lowers subordinates’ self-esteem and causes them to engage in counterproductive behavior, except those who have high levels of emotional stability. The study sheds light on the ill effects of despotic leaders on followers.