cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620939
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Term Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke of Undetermined Mechanism: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort

description: <b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Little is known about the short- and long-term outcomes of ischemic stroke of undetermined mechanism (ISUM). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Subjects were recruited from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study. Ischemic stroke (IS) was classified on the basis of the TOAST criteria. We further categorized patients with ISUM into ISUM<sub>neg</sub> (negative clinical/test results for large artery, small artery) and ISUM<sub>inc</sub> (incomplete investigations). Cox proportional hazard models and the competing-risk regression model were used to compare 1 and 5 years mortality (all-causes) and recurrent rate among IS subtypes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 1-year mortality was higher in those with ISUM<sub>inc</sub> than in ISUM<sub>neg</sub> (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.01–2.8; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and in other stroke subtypes. Cardioembolic stroke was associated with the greatest risk of stroke recurrence at one year (aHR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–12.9; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and 5 years (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.7; <i>p</i> = 0.01) as compared to ISUM<sub>neg</sub>. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The classification of ISUM as a single group may lead to over- or underestimation of mortality and recurrence in this major category of IS. A better definition of ISUM is necessary to predict death and recurrence accurately.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620939.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Term Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke of Undetermined Mechanism: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort

description: <b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Little is known about the short- and long-term outcomes of ischemic stroke of undetermined mechanism (ISUM). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Subjects were recruited from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study. Ischemic stroke (IS) was classified on the basis of the TOAST criteria. We further categorized patients with ISUM into ISUM<sub>neg</sub> (negative clinical/test results for large artery, small artery) and ISUM<sub>inc</sub> (incomplete investigations). Cox proportional hazard models and the competing-risk regression model were used to compare 1 and 5 years mortality (all-causes) and recurrent rate among IS subtypes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 1-year mortality was higher in those with ISUM<sub>inc</sub> than in ISUM<sub>neg</sub> (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.01–2.8; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and in other stroke subtypes. Cardioembolic stroke was associated with the greatest risk of stroke recurrence at one year (aHR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–12.9; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and 5 years (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.7; <i>p</i> = 0.01) as compared to ISUM<sub>neg</sub>. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The classification of ISUM as a single group may lead to over- or underestimation of mortality and recurrence in this major category of IS. A better definition of ISUM is necessary to predict death and recurrence accurately.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620921
title: All primary data from Residual wood polymers facilitate compounding of microfibrillated cellulose with poly(lactic acid) for 3D printer filaments

description: This Excel file contains all numerical primary data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620924
title: Supplementary Material for: Development of OSTQOL: A Measure of Quality of Life for Patients in Opioid Substitution Treatment

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Quality of life (QOL) of patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST) is increasingly being addressed in research. However, no disease- or treatment-specific instrument is available to assess the QOL of this target population. The purpose of this project was to develop the first QOL instrument for OST patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Focus groups with 60 OST patients were analyzed using thematic analysis to elicit key QOL themes as perceived by patients. Identified themes were developed into items and refined through pilot testing and cognitive debriefing. The resulting 82 items were tested in a large sample of OST patients (<i>n</i> = 577). Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to explore a possible factor structure and reduce the number of items. Psychometric properties were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Factor analysis revealed 6 subscales accounting for 46.1% of the variance: Personal Development, Mental Distress, Social Contacts, Material Well-being, Opioid Substitution Treatment, and Discrimination. The 38-item instrument demonstrated good to acceptable internal consistency reliability for all subscales (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75–0.88), and good convergent and discriminant validity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The Opioid Substitution Treatment Quality of Life scale (OSTQOL) is a multidimensional instrument with low respondent and administrator burden. A thorough validation is needed to assess its validity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620927
title: cell1b dft from Molecular interactions in nanocellulose assembly

description: The contribution of hydrogen bonds and the London dispersion force in the cohesion of cellulose is discussed in the light of the structure, spectroscopic data, empirical molecular-modelling parameters and thermodynamics data of analogue molecules. The hydrogen bond of cellulose is mainly electrostatic, and the stabilization energy in cellulose for each hydrogen bond is estimated to be between 17 and 30 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>. On average, hydroxyl groups of cellulose form hydrogen bonds comparable to those of other simple alcohols. The London dispersion interaction may be estimated from empirical attraction terms in molecular modelling by simple integration over all components. Although this interaction extends to relatively large distances in colloidal systems, the short-range interaction is dominant for the cohesion of cellulose and is equivalent to a compression of 3 GPa. Trends of heat of vaporization of alkyl alcohols and alkanes suggests a stabilization by such hydroxyl group hydrogen bonding to be of the order of 24 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the London dispersion force contributes about 0.41 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> Da<sup>−1</sup>. The simple arithmetic sum of the energy is consistent with the experimental enthalpy of sublimation of small sugars, where the main part of the cohesive energy comes from hydrogen bonds. For cellulose, because of the reduced number of hydroxyl groups, the London dispersion force provides the main contribution to intermolecular cohesion.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620924.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Development of OSTQOL: A Measure of Quality of Life for Patients in Opioid Substitution Treatment

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Quality of life (QOL) of patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST) is increasingly being addressed in research. However, no disease- or treatment-specific instrument is available to assess the QOL of this target population. The purpose of this project was to develop the first QOL instrument for OST patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Focus groups with 60 OST patients were analyzed using thematic analysis to elicit key QOL themes as perceived by patients. Identified themes were developed into items and refined through pilot testing and cognitive debriefing. The resulting 82 items were tested in a large sample of OST patients (<i>n</i> = 577). Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to explore a possible factor structure and reduce the number of items. Psychometric properties were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Factor analysis revealed 6 subscales accounting for 46.1% of the variance: Personal Development, Mental Distress, Social Contacts, Material Well-being, Opioid Substitution Treatment, and Discrimination. The 38-item instrument demonstrated good to acceptable internal consistency reliability for all subscales (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75–0.88), and good convergent and discriminant validity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The Opioid Substitution Treatment Quality of Life scale (OSTQOL) is a multidimensional instrument with low respondent and administrator burden. A thorough validation is needed to assess its validity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620921.v1
title: All primary data from Residual wood polymers facilitate compounding of microfibrillated cellulose with poly(lactic acid) for 3D printer filaments

description: This Excel file contains all numerical primary data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620927.v1
title: cell1b dft from Molecular interactions in nanocellulose assembly

description: The contribution of hydrogen bonds and the London dispersion force in the cohesion of cellulose is discussed in the light of the structure, spectroscopic data, empirical molecular-modelling parameters and thermodynamics data of analogue molecules. The hydrogen bond of cellulose is mainly electrostatic, and the stabilization energy in cellulose for each hydrogen bond is estimated to be between 17 and 30 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>. On average, hydroxyl groups of cellulose form hydrogen bonds comparable to those of other simple alcohols. The London dispersion interaction may be estimated from empirical attraction terms in molecular modelling by simple integration over all components. Although this interaction extends to relatively large distances in colloidal systems, the short-range interaction is dominant for the cohesion of cellulose and is equivalent to a compression of 3 GPa. Trends of heat of vaporization of alkyl alcohols and alkanes suggests a stabilization by such hydroxyl group hydrogen bonding to be of the order of 24 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the London dispersion force contributes about 0.41 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> Da<sup>−1</sup>. The simple arithmetic sum of the energy is consistent with the experimental enthalpy of sublimation of small sugars, where the main part of the cohesive energy comes from hydrogen bonds. For cellulose, because of the reduced number of hydroxyl groups, the London dispersion force provides the main contribution to intermolecular cohesion.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620870
title: Supplementary file: Code for the randomizations from Co-occurrence of related asexual, but not sexual, lineages suggests that reproductive interference limits coexistence

description: We used randomizations to analyse patterns of co-occurrence of sexual and apomictic (asexual) members of the North American <i>Crepis</i> agamic complex (Asteraceae). We expect strong asymmetry in reproductive interactions in <i>Crepis</i>: apomicts produce clonal seeds with no need for pollination and are not subject to reproductive interference from co-occurring relatives. However, because they still produce some viable pollen, apomicts can reduce reproductive success of nearby sexual relatives, potentially leading to eventual local exclusion of sexuals. Consistent with this, randomizations reveal that sexuals are over-represented in isolated sites, while apomicts freely co-occur. Incorporation of taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence indicates that this pattern is not driven by local origins of asexuals. Our evidence that reproductive interference structures patterns of local co-occurrence suggests an underappreciated role for reproductive interactions in community assembly, and highlights the need for explicit tests of the relative contributions of ecological and reproductive interactions in generating patterns of limiting similarity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620870.v1
title: Supplementary file: Code for the randomizations from Co-occurrence of related asexual, but not sexual, lineages suggests that reproductive interference limits coexistence

description: We used randomizations to analyse patterns of co-occurrence of sexual and apomictic (asexual) members of the North American <i>Crepis</i> agamic complex (Asteraceae). We expect strong asymmetry in reproductive interactions in <i>Crepis</i>: apomicts produce clonal seeds with no need for pollination and are not subject to reproductive interference from co-occurring relatives. However, because they still produce some viable pollen, apomicts can reduce reproductive success of nearby sexual relatives, potentially leading to eventual local exclusion of sexuals. Consistent with this, randomizations reveal that sexuals are over-represented in isolated sites, while apomicts freely co-occur. Incorporation of taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence indicates that this pattern is not driven by local origins of asexuals. Our evidence that reproductive interference structures patterns of local co-occurrence suggests an underappreciated role for reproductive interactions in community assembly, and highlights the need for explicit tests of the relative contributions of ecological and reproductive interactions in generating patterns of limiting similarity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620867
title: Supplementary data table: cyto-taxa at each site, including their genome size and ploidy estimates from Co-occurrence of related asexual, but not sexual, lineages suggests that reproductive interference limits coexistence

description: This excel spreadsheet includes the data for each site used in our analyses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620867.v1
title: Supplementary data table: cyto-taxa at each site, including their genome size and ploidy estimates from Co-occurrence of related asexual, but not sexual, lineages suggests that reproductive interference limits coexistence

description: This excel spreadsheet includes the data for each site used in our analyses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620846
title: Kill site database from Characterization of puma–livestock conflicts in rangelands of central Argentina

description: Database of the kill sites of livestock predated by pumas in the study area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620819
title: Supplementary Material for: Favorable Effects of Endoscopic Ligation Combined with Drugs on Rebleeding and Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> To assess the effects of combination therapies (endoscopic plus drug[s], drug combinations) on variceal/any-cause rebleeding and mortality among cirrhotic patients with one previous episode of variceal hemorrhage. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies. We included 26 randomized controlled trials involving 2,536 adults using OR to measure the effects. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) plus nadolol ranked first for reducing recurrent bleeds. Both EVL + nadolol and EVL + drugs (nadolol, sucralfate) decreased the risk of any-cause rebleeding than EVL alone (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.97; OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18–0.88, respectively). Meanwhile, EVL + drugs ranked first lowering mortality rates (P-score &gt;0.85) with a marginal superiority over EVL alone (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.26–1.01). Beta-blockers with isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) also reached a marginal superiority (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56–1.09) for improving mortality. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Our findings indicated that EVL + nadolol might be the preferred choice to cirrhotic patients with one previous episode of variceal hemorrhage for preventing rebleeding. EVL + nadolol + sucralfate and beta-blockers + ISMN may be potential alternatives to improve mortality. Further, well-controlled studies are warranted to compare the promising combination therapies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620816
title: Supplementary Material for: A Case Report of Syndromic Multinodular Goitre in Adolescence: Exploring the Phenotype Overlap between Cowden and DICER1 Syndromes

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Hereditary tumour predisposition syndromes may increase the risk for development of thyroid nodules at a young age. We present the case of an adolescent female with Cowden syndrome who had some atypical phenotypic features which overlapped with the DICER1 syndrome. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> A 17-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of progressive right neck swelling. Fine needle cytology of the thyroid revealed a follicular neoplasm with features suggestive of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and she underwent a hemithyroidectomy. Enlarging nodules in the remaining thyroid led to a completion thyroidectomy at 19 years of age. The patient’s past medical history included an ovarian mixed malignant germ cell tumour, pulmonary nodules and cysts, renal cysts, mucocutaneous lesions, an arachnoid cyst, and a fibrous breast lesion. Macrocephaly was noted on physical examination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Based on the patient’s complex phenotype and young age, a hereditary predisposition syndrome was suspected and genetic testing of <i>PTEN</i> and <i>DICER1</i> was undertaken. A heterozygous truncating germ-line <i>PTEN</i> mutation was identified, which combined with clinical findings, met criteria for the diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Additional loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type <i>PTEN</i> allele was detected in the right thyroid lesion and ovarian tumour. No <i>DICER1</i> mutations were identified. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Genetic testing was crucial in elucidating this patient’s predisposition to the early development of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Our report also highlights the phenotypic overlap between the Cowden and DICER1 syndromes and illustrates the importance of recognising the variable phenotypic features of hereditary syndromes in order to enable timely implementation of appropriate care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620756
title: Supplementary Material for: The Impact of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Levels and Polymorphisms on Long-Term Stroke Outcomes

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The accuracy of predictions regarding disability that sets in after stroke could be improved by using blood biomarker measurements. This study aimed to investigate the roles of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations and polymorphisms in stroke outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In total, 286 patients were evaluated at the time of admission and at 2 weeks after stroke, and 222 of these patients (78%) were followed up for 1 year to evaluate the consequences of stroke during both the acute and chronic stages. Stroke outcomes were dichotomized into good and poor using the modified Rankin Scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The association of TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations and their corresponding genotypes with stroke outcomes was investigated using multivariate logistic regression. Higher TNF-α levels were associated with poor outcomes 1 year after stroke in the presence of the –850<i>T</i> and –308<i>A</i> alleles, and IL-1β levels were associated with poor 1-year stroke outcomes in the presence of the –511<i>T</i> and +3953<i>T</i> alleles. No such associations were found at 2 weeks after stroke. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These data provide evidence that serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations are related to poor long-term outcomes after stroke in the presence of particular alleles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620738
title: Autochory in ferns, not all spores are blown with the wind

description: Dispersal is a key process in plant population dynamics. In ferns, two successive vectors are needed: the sporangium catapulting mechanism, and wind or gravity. However, some rock ferns have a growth habit that suggests a kind of autochory by placing spores on the rock surface. Moreover, some ferns show modifications of the sporangial dehiscence. To determine the role of growth habit in spore dispersal, we checked the sporangial opening mechanism and explored the spatial distribution of plants on the walls. The presence of spores of <i>Asplenium celtibericum,</i> a rupicolous fern, in the rock surface was checked. In addition, its sporangial dehiscence, plant size and position in the wall were analysed. Spores and indehiscent sporangia were present on walls at each sampling moment. Their highest number was found close to the plants. There was a positive correlation between crack width and plant size. However, most plants occupy the upper half of the cliffs. The growth habit of <i>A. celtibericum</i> is instrumental to deposit the spores over the neighbouring rock surface, thus enhancing the probability of spores to find suitable crevices for germination. Furthermore, dispersal of indehiscent sporangia might promote intergametophytic mating, and the modified sporangial opening mechanism extends the dispersive period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620729
title: Supplementary Material for: Efficacy and Safety of Oral Budesonide in Patients with Active Crohn's Disease in Japan: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Phase 3 Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> US and European guidelines recommend budesonide for the treatment of mild-to-moderate active ileocolic Crohn's disease (CD). However, budesonide has not been approved, and mesalazine is widely used as first-line treatment in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide in patients with mild-to-moderate active CD in Japan. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this phase 3 noninferiority study (NCT01514240), 112 patients with a baseline Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score of 180-400 were randomized to budesonide or mesalazine for 8 weeks. Assessments included remission rate (CDAI score ≤150) at weeks 2, 4, and 8, change in CDAI score, health-related quality of life (measured using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [IBDQ]), and tolerability. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The remission rate at week 8 was numerically higher in the budesonide group (30.4%) than in the mesalazine group (25.0%), and the noninferiority of budesonide to mesalazine was shown. The mean total CDAI score decreased to a greater extent with budesonide than with mesalazine. Mean IBDQ scores improved from baseline to weeks 2, 4, 8, and 10 in both groups; improvements were numerically higher with budesonide than with mesalazine. No safety concerns were found. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Budesonide is comparably effective to mesalazine in the treatment of Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate active CD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620738.v1
title: Autochory in ferns, not all spores are blown with the wind

description: Dispersal is a key process in plant population dynamics. In ferns, two successive vectors are needed: the sporangium catapulting mechanism, and wind or gravity. However, some rock ferns have a growth habit that suggests a kind of autochory by placing spores on the rock surface. Moreover, some ferns show modifications of the sporangial dehiscence. To determine the role of growth habit in spore dispersal, we checked the sporangial opening mechanism and explored the spatial distribution of plants on the walls. The presence of spores of <i>Asplenium celtibericum,</i> a rupicolous fern, in the rock surface was checked. In addition, its sporangial dehiscence, plant size and position in the wall were analysed. Spores and indehiscent sporangia were present on walls at each sampling moment. Their highest number was found close to the plants. There was a positive correlation between crack width and plant size. However, most plants occupy the upper half of the cliffs. The growth habit of <i>A. celtibericum</i> is instrumental to deposit the spores over the neighbouring rock surface, thus enhancing the probability of spores to find suitable crevices for germination. Furthermore, dispersal of indehiscent sporangia might promote intergametophytic mating, and the modified sporangial opening mechanism extends the dispersive period.