cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b60c1
title: Data from: Islands within an island: Population genetic structure of the endemic Sardinian newt, Euproctus platycephalus

description: The identification of historic and contemporary barriers to dispersal is
 central to the conservation of endangered amphibians, but may be hindered
 by their complex life history and elusive nature. The complementary
 information generated by mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers
 generates a valuable tool in elucidating population structure and the
 impact of habitat fragmentation. We applied this approach to the study of
 an endangered montane newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Endemic to the
 Mediterranean island of Sardinia, it is threatened by anthropogenic
 activity, disease, and climate change. We have demonstrated a clear
 hierarchy of structure across genetically divergent and spatially distinct
 subpopulations. Divergence between three main mountain regions dominated
 genetic partitioning with both markers. Mitochondrial phylogeography
 revealed a deep division dating to ca. 1 million years ago (Mya),
 isolating the northern region, and further differentiation between the
 central and southern regions ca. 0.5 Mya, suggesting an association with
 Pleistocene severe glacial oscillations. Our findings are consistent with
 a model of southward range expansion during glacial periods, with
 postglacial range retraction to montane habitat and subsequent genetic
 isolation. Microsatellite markers revealed further strong population
 structure, demonstrating significant divergence within the central region,
 and partial differentiation within the south. The northern population
 showed reduced genetic diversity. Discordance between mitochondrial and
 microsatellite markers at this scale indicated a further complexity of
 population structure, in keeping with male-biased dispersal and female
 philopatry. Our study underscores the need to elucidate cryptic population
 structure in the ecology and conservation strategies for endangered
 island-restricted amphibians, especially in the context of disease and
 climate change.
description: microsatellite
 datasetExcel file for allele
 sizes (bp) for 8 microsatellite loci for individual Euproctus
 platycephalus, sampled in Sardinia, with gender/lifehistory stage (J
 juvenile, L larva, NK not known).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4573j74
title: Data from: Robust quantification of fish early life CO2 sensitivities via serial experimentation

description: Despite the remarkable expansion of laboratory studies, robust estimates
 of single species CO2 sensitivities remain largely elusive. We conducted a
 meta-analysis of 20 CO2 exposure experiments conducted over six years on
 offspring of wild Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) to robustly
 constrain CO2 effects on early life survival and growth. We conclude that
 early stages of this species are generally tolerant to CO2 levels of ~
 2,000 µatm, likely because they already experience these conditions on
 diel to seasonal time scales. Still, high CO2 conditions measurably
 reduced fitness in this species by significantly decreasing average embryo
 survival (-9%) and embryo + larval survival (-13%). Survival traits had
 much larger coefficients of variation (&gt;30%) than larval length or
 growth (3-11%). CO2 sensitivities varied seasonally and were highest at
 the beginning and end of the species’ spawning season (April-July), likely
 due to the combined effects of transgenerational plasticity and maternal
 provisioning. Our analyses suggest that serial experimentation is a
 powerful, yet underutilized tool for robustly estimating small but true
 CO2 effects in fish early life stages.
description: Baumann etal -
 Variability and lnRR responses - source data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g67k34g
title: Data from: Using archived television video footage to quantify phenology responses to climate change

description: Predicting how the timing of cyclic life‐history events, such as leafing
 and flowering, respond to climate change is of paramount importance due to
 the cascading impacts of vegetation phenology on species and ecosystem
 fitness. However, progress of this field is hampered by the relative
 scarcity, and geographic and phylogenetic bias, of long‐term phenology
 datasets. By taking advantage of archived television video footage, we
 here developed an innovative tool using previously unexploited records to
 build long‐term datasets of phenological responses. To demonstrate the
 potential of this method, we worked with broadcast archives of sport
 events and focus on one of the most famous professional road cycling races
 world‐wide, the Tour of Flanders. After viewing &gt;200 hr of film, we
 compiled 523 individual × year observations of leaf‐out and flowering of
 46 individual trees and shrubs visible in four decades (1981–2016) of
 video footage. We detect surprisingly strong advances in the timing of
 tree leaf‐out and flowering in the footage: trees almost never had flushed
 at the time of the spring race in the 1980s while significantly more
 individuals had flushed in the video footage between 2006 and 2016
 (probabilities of leafing and flowering increased by 19% and 67%,
 respectively). These shifts were most strongly related to January–March
 temperatures and growing‐degree hours (cumulative heat) in the preceding
 months. We demonstrate that this technical advance offers key benefits to
 fill gaps in existing phenology time series and reveal that archived video
 footage can indeed be applied to determine species‐temperature
 relationships with high spatiotemporal resolution. Only by compiling more
 data from the past will we be able to further our understanding on the
 effects of climate change on species and ecosystems in the future.
description: Data_De Frenne et
 al
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6d87p
title: Data from: Experimental evidence for sexual selection against inbred males

description: The detrimental effects of matings between relatives are well known.
 However, few studies determine the extent to which inbreeding depression
 in males is due to natural or sexual selection. Importantly, measuring
 fitness or key fitness components, rather than phenotypic traits allows
 more accurate estimation of inbreeding depression. We investigate how
 differences in inbreeding and juvenile diet (i.e. early stressful
 environment) influence a key component of male fitness, namely their
 reproductive success. We experimentally created inbred and outbred male
 mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) by mating full-sibs (f = 0·25). We show
 that this led to a 23% reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity based on
 SNPs. Males were raised on different diets early in life to create
 high-stress and low-stress rearing environments. We then allowed adult
 males to compete freely for females to test if inbreeding, early diet and
 their interaction affect a male's share of paternity. Early diet had
 no effect on paternity, but outbred males sired almost twice as many
 offspring as inbred males (n = 628 offspring from 122 potential sires).
 Using artificial insemination methods we determined that this was unlikely
 to be due to early embryo mortality of eggs fertilised by inbred males:
 there was no evidence that male inbreeding status affects the realised
 fecundity of females (n = 288). Given there was no difference in male
 mortality in our competitive mating experiment, the lower reproductive
 success of inbred males can most parsimoniously be attributed to
 inbreeding negatively affecting sexually selected traits that affect male
 mating success and/or sperm competitiveness. We discuss which sexually
 selected traits might be involved.
description: Paternity_data_DryadFirst spreadsheet shows data, labels are shown in the second spreadsheet
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18383363
title: PTC Network Dataset

description: This xlsx file includes key data on the paper's power grid, transportation network and communication network, as well as parameters for each type of resource.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4st55
title: Data from: Does natural variation in diversity affect biotic resistance?

description: 1. Theories linking diversity to ecosystem function have been challenged
 by the widespread observation of more exotic species in more diverse
 native communities. Few studies have addressed the key underlying process
 by dissecting how community diversity is shaped by the same environmental
 gradients that determine biotic and abiotic resistance to new invaders. 2.
 In grasslands on highly heterogeneous soils, we used addition of a recent
 invader, competitor removal, and structural equation modelling (SEM) to
 analyse soil influences on community diversity, biotic and abiotic
 resistance, and invader success. 3. Biotic resistance, measured by
 reduction in invader success in the presence of the resident community,
 was negatively correlated with species richness and functional diversity.
 However, in the multivariate SEM framework, biotic resistance was
 independent of all forms of diversity, and was positively affected by soil
 fertility via community biomass. Abiotic resistance, measured by invader
 success in the absence of the resident community, peaked on infertile
 soils with low biomass and high community diversity. Net invader success
 was determined by biotic resistance, consistent with this invader's
 better performance on infertile soils in unmanipulated conditions. 4. Seed
 predation added slightly to biotic resistance without qualitatively
 changing the results. Soil-related genotypic variation in the invader also
 did not affect the results. 5. Synthesis In natural systems, diversity may
 be correlated with invasibility and yet have no effect on either biotic or
 abiotic resistance to invasion. More generally, the environmental causes
 of variation in diversity should not be overlooked when considering the
 potential functional consequences of diversity.
description: Goatgrass
 DataCommunity-level data
 used in analyses of goatgrass invasion
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.19r0c
title: Data from: Weaponry and defenses in fighting animals: how allometry can alter predictions from contest theory

description: Theoretical models have been developed to understand how animals decide to
 withdraw from a contest. They provide testable predictions regarding the
 relationship between resource holding potential (RHP) and contest duration
 that assume linear relationships among RHP traits. However, RHP traits
 might scale with body size according to power laws. Furthermore,
 investment across different RHP traits may vary. Herein, we provide a
 model that encompasses the allometric relationship between body size and
 other RHP traits. First, we partition RHP traits into “offensive” traits
 (i.e., the ability to inflict damage) and “defensive” traits (i.e.,
 persistence in a contest). Defensive traits may in turn be subdivided into
 “damage endurance” (DE) or the ability to absorb damage and “stamina.” We
 then model scenarios where: 1) there are power relationships among RHP
 traits; 2) individuals invest differently in defensive and offensive
 traits; 3) offensive traits and DE have a positive/negative relationship
 with body size. We modeled sized-matched injurious contests where 1)
 offensive capacity (OC) increases superlinearly with body size, 2) DE
 increases superlinearly, and 3) OC increases superlinearly but DE
 increases sublinearly. Our analyses indicate that if RHP traits scale
 linearly current predictions are upheld for injurious contests—contest
 duration increases with body size. However, with power relationships we
 can expect nonlinear relationships. Here, contest duration increased with
 body size until a maximum, decreasing afterwards. Thus, considering
 allometric relationships between body size and RHP traits may lead to new
 insights in animal contest theory and may help to solve discrepancies
 between current theory and empirical data.
description: Interactive Contest
 Duration SimulatorInteractive contest
 duration simulator based on our model. The file contains two sheets, one
 with the linear scaling relationship and another with the power scaling
 relationshipBEHECO-2016-0254 - Duration
 Simulator.xlsxR-version of the
 predictive modelSimilar to the
 interactive file, but in R-codeBEHECO-2016-0254 - Predictive
 Model.RRHP variance
 testR-code of the RHP
 variance testBEHECO-2016-0254 - RHP variance
 test.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.43rv3
title: Data from: Paternity analysis reveals wide pollen dispersal and high multiple paternity in a small isolated population of the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae)

description: Optimal foraging behaviour by nectavores is expected to result in a
 leptokurtic pollen dispersal distribution and predominantly near-neighbour
 mating. However, complex social interactions among nectarivorous birds may
 result in different mating patterns to those typically observed in
 insect-pollinated plants. Mating system, realised pollen dispersal and
 spatial genetic structure were examined in the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus
 caesia, a species characterised by small, geographically disjunct
 populations. Nine microsatellite markers were used to genotype an entire
 adult stand and 181 seeds from 28 capsules collected from 6 trees. Mating
 system analysis using MLTR revealed moderate to high outcrossing
 (tm=0.479–0.806) and low estimates of correlated paternity (rp=0.136±s.e.
 0.048). Paternity analysis revealed high outcrossing rates (mean=0.72) and
 high multiple paternity, with 64 different sires identified for 181 seeds.
 There was a significant negative relationship between the frequency of
 outcross mating and distance between mating pairs. Realised mating events
 were more frequent than expected with random mating for plants
 &lt;40 m apart. The overall distribution of pollen dispersal distances
 was platykurtic. Despite extensive pollen dispersal within the stand,
 three genetic clusters were detected by STRUCTURE analysis. These genetic
 clusters were strongly differentiated yet geographically interspersed,
 hypothesised to be a consequence of rare recruitment events coupled with
 extreme longevity. We suggest that extensive polyandry and pollen
 dispersal is a consequence of pollination by highly mobile honeyeaters and
 may buffer E. caesia against the loss of genetic diversity predicted for
 small and genetically isolated populations.
description: Microsatellite profiles
 of adult and progeny Eucalyptus caesiaThe data file is an
 excel spreadsheet containing two data sets. First, UTM co-ordinates
 (easting and northing), the number of stems counted per plant, and
 microsatellite profiles of adult Eucalyptus caesia at Boyagin Nature
 Reserve. On the same sheet below are the microsatellite profiles of
 progeny, coded by maternal ID, fruit number, and replicate number within
 the multi-seeded fruit. Microsatellite profiles of maternal plants are
 provided above those of the progeny to facilitate maternal/progeny
 comparison.Eucalyptus caesia microsat
 genotypes.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7d0k4
title: Data from: No selection on immunological markers in response to a highly virulent pathogen in an Arctic breeding bird

description: In natural populations, epidemics provide opportunities to look for
 intense natural selection on genes coding for life history and immune or
 other physiological traits. If the populations being considered are of
 management or conservation concern, then identifying the traits under
 selection (or ‘markers’) might provide insights into possible intervention
 strategies during epidemics. We assessed potential for selection on
 multiple immune and life history traits of Arctic breeding common eiders
 (Somateria mollissima) during annual avian cholera outbreaks (summers of
 2006, 2007 & 2008). We measured prelaying body condition, immune
 traits, and subsequent reproductive investment (i.e., clutch size) and
 survival of female common eiders and whether they were infected with
 Pasteurella multocida, the causative agent of avian cholera. We found no
 clear and consistent evidence of directional selection on immune traits;
 however, infected birds had higher levels of haptoglobin than uninfected
 birds. Also, females that laid larger clutches had slightly lower immune
 responses during the prelaying period reflecting possible downregulation
 of the immune system to support higher costs of reproduction. This
 supports a recent study indicating that birds investing in larger clutches
 were more likely to die from avian cholera and points to a possible
 management option to maximize female survival during outbreaks.
description: dataDryadPCRData with information on the carrier status of Pasteurella multocida labelled "PCR CARRIER STATUS" and several immune traits of Common eidersdataDryadIFData on measured immune traits of Common eiders during the pre-breeding and incubation stagesdataDryad15052014Dataset used to test for directional selection on immune traits. Body size and mass measurements are provided as well as data for the 8 immune traits. The LIVEDEAD column provides information on the fate of individuals (1 is dead, 0 alive). BLEEDING.TIME is in min.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bm4v7
title: Data from: Pyrogenic fuels produced by savanna trees can engineer humid savannas

description: Natural fires ignited by lightning strikes following droughts frequently
 are posited as the ecological mechanism maintaining discontinuous tree
 cover and grass-dominated ground layers in savannas. Such fires, however,
 may not reliably maintain humid savannas. Pyrogenic shed leaves of savanna
 trees, however, might engineer fire characteristics in ways that maintain
 humid savannas through effects on ground layer plants. We explored our
 hypothesis in a high-rainfall, frequently-burned pine savanna in which the
 dominant tree, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), produces resinous needles
 that become highly flammable when shed and dried. We postulated that
 pyrogenic needles should have much greater influence on fire
 characteristics at ground level, and hence post-fire responses of dominant
 shrubs and grasses, than other abundant fine fuels (shed oak leaves and
 grass culms). We further reasoned that these effects should increase with
 amounts of needles. We managed site conditions that affect fuels (time
 since fire, dominant vegetation), manipulated amounts of needles in ground
 layer plots, prescribed burned the plots, and measured fire
 characteristics at ground level. We also measured characteristics of
 ground layer oaks and grasses before, then 2 and 8 months after fires. We
 tested our hypotheses regarding effects of pyrogenic pine fuels on fire
 characteristics and vegetation regrowth and explored direct and indirect
 effects of fuels on fire characteristics and vegetation using a structural
 equation model. Pine needles influenced fire characteristics, elevating
 maximum temperature increases, durations of heating above 60 °C, and fine
 fuel consumption considerably above measurements when fuels only included
 other savanna plants. Presence of pine needles depressed post-fire numbers
 of oak stems and grass culms, especially in the interior of grass genets,
 as well as post-fire flowering of grasses. The structural equation model
 indicated strong direct and indirect pathways from pine needles to
 post-fire responses of oaks and grasses. The experimental field tests of
 hypotheses, bolstered by structural equation modeling, indicate pyrogenic
 fine fuels modify characteristics of prescribed fires at ground level,
 negatively affecting dominant ground layer oaks and grasses. Frequent
 fires fueled by pyrogenic needles should maintain humid savannas and
 generate spatial pyrodiversity that affects composition and dynamics of
 pine savanna ground layer vegetation.
description: Savanna trees can
 engineer humid savannasRaw data used in
 multivariate models for Platt et al. 2016. Included are site context, fuel
 mass, fire characteristics, and post-fire regrowth.Platt et al 2016 Pyrogenic
 fuels produced by savanna trees can engineer humid savannas
 (Data).xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n3s2m
title: Data from: Urban trees reduce nutrient leaching to groundwater

description: Many urban waterways suffer from excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)
 feeding algal blooms, which cause lower water clarity and oxygen levels,
 bad odor and taste, and the loss of desirable species. Nutrient movement
 from land to water is likely to be influenced by urban vegetation, but
 there are few empirical studies addressing this. In this study, we
 examined whether or not urban trees can reduce nutrient leaching to
 groundwater, an important nutrient export pathway that has received less
 attention than stormwater. We characterized leaching beneath thirty-three
 trees of fourteen species, and seven open turfgrass areas, across three
 city parks in Saint Paul, Minnesota. We installed lysimeters at 60 cm
 depth to collect soil water approximately biweekly from July 2011 through
 October 2013, except during winter and drought periods, measured dissolved
 organic carbon (C), N, and P in soil water, and modeled water fluxes using
 the BROOK90 hydrologic model. We also measured soil nutrient pools (bulk C
 and N, KCl-extractable inorganic N, Brays-P), tree tissue nutrient
 concentrations (C, N, and P of green leaves, leaf litter, and roots), and
 canopy size parameters (leaf biomass, leaf area index) to explore
 correlations with nutrient leaching. Trees had similar or lower N leaching
 than turfgrass in 2012 but higher N leaching in 2013; trees reduced P
 leaching compared with turfgrass in both 2012 and 2013, with lower
 leaching under deciduous than evergreen trees. Scaling up our measurements
 to an urban subwatershed of the Mississippi River (~17,400 ha, containing
 roughly 1.5 million trees), we estimated that trees reduced P leaching to
 groundwater by 533 kg in 2012 (0.031 kg/ha or 3.1 kg/km2) and 1201 kg in
 2013 (0.069 kg/ha or 6.9 kg/km2). Removing these same amounts of P using
 stormwater infrastructure would cost $2.2 million and $5.0 million per
 year (2012 and 2013 removal amounts, respectively).
description: Soil water nutrient
 concentrationsSoil water samples
 collected in lysimeters at 60 cm depth, analyzed for nutrient
 concentrations: total dissolved organic carbon (NPOC, mg/L), total
 dissolved nitrogen (TN, mg/L), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3, mg/L), total
 dissolved phosphorus (TP, ug/L), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP,
 ug/L)lysimeter -
 dryad.csvSampling site
 descriptions and traitsInformation for each
 sampling site at tree or open turfgrass area: Tree genus/species, diameter
 at breast height (DBH) and total tree height; tissue chemistry (% C, N, P)
 for leaves, leaf litter, and roots; soil nutrients (KCl-extractable N,
 Brays P, and 10d net mineralization and nitrification
 rates)traits -
 dryad.csv