cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0g2
title: Global camera trap synthesis highlights the importance of protected areas in maintaining mammal diversity

description: The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a central strategy for
 global biodiversity conservation. While the role of PAs in protecting
 habitat has been highlighted, their effectiveness at protecting mammal
 communities remains unclear. We analyzed a global dataset from over 8,671
 camera traps in 23 countries on four continents that detected 321 medium-
 to large-bodied mammal species. We found a strong positive correlation
 between mammal taxonomic diversity and the proportion of a surveyed area
 covered by PAs at a global scale (b = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.60) and in
 Indomalaya (b = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.19,1.2), as well as between functional
 diversity and PA coverage in the Nearctic (b = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.85),
 after controlling for human disturbances and environmental variation.
 Functional diversity was only weakly (and insignificantly) correlated with
 PA coverage at the global scale (b =0.22, 95% CI = -0.02, 0.46), pointing
 to a need to better understand the functional response of mammal
 communities to protection. Our study provides important evidence of the
 global effectiveness of PAs in conserving terrestrial mammals and
 emphasizes the critical role of area-based conservation in a post-2020
 biodiversity framework.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tb2rbp3f
title: Genetic architecture and adaptation of flowering time among environments

description: 1. The genetic basis of flowering time changes across environments, and
 pleiotropy may limit adaptive evolution of populations in response to
 local conditions. However, little is known about how genetic architecture
 changes among environments. 2. We used genome-wide association studies
 (GWAS) in Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz, a relative of Arabidopsis,
 to examine flowering variation among environments and associations with
 climate conditions in home environments. Also, we used molecular
 population genetics to search for evidence of historical natural
 selection. 3. GWAS found 47 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs)
 that influence flowering time in one or more environments, control plastic
 changes in phenology between experiments, or show associations with
 climate in sites of origin. Genetic architecture of flowering varied
 substantially among environments. We found that some pairs of QTLs showed
 similar patterns of pleiotropy across environments. A large-effect QTL
 showed molecular signatures of adaptive evolution and is associated with
 climate in home environments. The derived allele at this locus causes
 later flowering and predominates in sites with greater water availability.
 4. This work shows that GWAS of climate associations and ecologically
 important traits across diverse environments can be combined with
 molecular signatures of natural selection to elucidate ecological genetics
 of adaptive evolution.
description: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) examined genetic control
 of flowering time for 488 genotypes in 10 diverse greenhouse environments.
 Quantitative genetic and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses examined
 trait correlations among environments, and single nucleotide polymorphisms
 (SNPs) associated with flowering time and climate characteristics of
 source environments. Analyses were performed in R using restricted
 maximum-likelihood, and EMMAX for GWAS. Sequence information is available
 from the Short Read Archive. Near each QTL peak we tested for evidence of
 natural selection using molecular population genetic approaches. In
 addition, we asked how genetic architecture of flowering time changes
 among environments, and whether genetic constraints may influence adaptive
 spatial and temporal responses.
description: Experimental and analytical methods are detailed in the
 associated New Phytologist publication. Original phenotypic data files are
 in this data archive, as well as scripts which deal with missing data,
 statistical analyses, biological conclusions, and figures. A detailed
 README file summarizes the analytical pipeline, input and output files,
 and data columns used.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2bvq83bpg
title: Data from: Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence in Interatheriinae (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae): implications in the systematics of the group

description: Studies focused on deciduous dentition, ontogenetic series, and tooth
 eruption and replacement patterns in fossil mammals have lately increased
 due to the recognized taxonomic and phylogenetic weight of these aspects.
 A study of the deciduous and permanent dentition of Interatherium and
 Protypotherium (Interatheriinae) is presented, mainly based on unpublished
 materials. Deciduous cheek teeth are brachydont and placed covering the
 apex of the respective permanent tooth; in addition, some morphological
 and metrical differences are observed along the crown height. Five dental
 ontogenetic stages are distinguished among the juvenile specimens, based
 on the degree of wear, the replacement of the deciduous premolars, and the
 eruption of the molars. The crown height and the wear degree of different
 Interatheriinae taxa show: (1) eruption pattern of molars in an
 anterior-posterior direction (M/m1 to M/m3); (2) pattern of replacement of
 deciduous premolars and eruption of permanent premolars in a
 posterior-anterior direction (dP/dp4 to dP/dp2 and P/p4 to P/p2); and (3)
 eruption of M/m3 before the replacement of dP/dp4. Results allow
 evaluating the diagnostic dental characteristics used to describe some
 interatheriines, as well as reinterpreting some taxonomic assumptions: the
 holotype of Protypotherium diversidens is recognized as a juvenile of
 another species of the genus and the species is not validated, considering
 it as Protypotherium sp.; the holotype of Eudiastatus lingulatus falls in
 the variability of Protypotherium, becoming P. lingulatus, tentatively
 maintaining the species, and implying the synonymy between Eudiastatus and
 Protypotherium; and the holotype of Eopachyrucos ranchoverdensis is
 reinterpreted as bearing deciduous premolars.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x95x69ph6
title: Data from: Potentially peat-forming biomass of fen sedges increases with increasing nutrient levels

description: Peat formation is a key carbon sequestration process in the terrestrial
 biosphere. In temperate fens, peat is mainly formed by below-ground
 biomass of vascular plants. Nutrient availability in temperate fens is
 naturally variable, and nowadays increasing due to atmospheric deposition,
 runoff from agriculture, and mineralization of peat caused by drainage. To
 maintain or restore peat formation, it is important to understand how
 increased nutrient availability influences the main controls of peat
 formation, i.e., below-ground biomass production and decomposition. We
 investigated above- and below-ground biomass production and decomposition
 of five fen sedges (Carex spp.) grown under 12 different nutrient (N+P)
 levels in a mesocosm experiment, designed to resemble a gradient of very
 low to very high nutrient availabilities in temperate fens. In addition,
 we measured nutrient stoichiometry in the biomass and related this to
 possible growth limitations and to root decomposition. Our results
 indicate that higher biomass production at higher nutrient levels was not
 offset by an increase in decomposition. Increase of above- and
 below-ground biomass with higher nutrient levels was species-specific.
 Decomposition of standard plant material in mesocosms was not dependent on
 the species growing in the mesocosms and showed only slight, if any,
 variation with differing nutrient levels. Decomposition of roots grown
 under different nutrient levels was mainly correlated with
 species-specific traits. Our study suggests that the Carex spp.
 potentially peat-forming root biomass, here defined as the root biomass
 which is not decomposed during one growing season, if all root biomass
 produced during that growing season is available for decomposition,
 increases with increasing nutrient levels: higher biomass production is
 not counteracted by increasing decomposition during the growing season.
 Based on this pattern of positive mass balance in five common sedge
 species with differing growth characteristics, we propose that sedge
 communities establishing after rewetting have the potential for renewed
 peat formation regardless of the prevailing trophic level.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2fx8
title: Divergence in Heliconius flight behaviour is associated with local adaptation to different forest structures

description: Micro-habitat choice plays a major role in shaping local patterns of
 biodiversity. In butterflies, stratification in flight height has an
 important role in maintaining community diversity. The speciation in
 Heliconius butterflies is often associated with strong assortative mating,
 but ecological isolation and local adaptation is also considered
 essential. Despite its presumed importance, the role of behavioural shifts
 in early stages of speciation in response to differences in habitat
 structure is yet to be established. Here, we investigated variation in
 flight height behaviour in two closely related species, H. erato cyrbia
 and H. himera, which produce viable hybrids but are isolated across an
 environmental gradient, spanning lowland wet forest to high altitude scrub
 forest. We show that the two species fly at different heights in the wild,
 and demonstrate that this can be explained by differences in the vertical
 distribution of plant resources. We subsequently explored whether this
 divergence in flight height has a genetic component using common garden
 experiments. In both the wild and captivity, H. himera choose to fly lower
 and feed at lower positions, mirroring differences in resource
 availability in the wild. We suggest that this shift in foraging behaviour
 may reflect local adaptation to divergent forest structures highlighting
 the role of behaviour during early stages of speciation.
description: This data set was collected both in the field and in experiments
 in outdoor greenhouse facilities.
DOI: 10.57760/sciencedb.j00001.01789
title: Vector Dataset of the Beijing-Tibet Ancient Road Traffic Routes in the Yuan Dynasty
title: 元代京藏古道交通线路矢量数据集

description: This dataset consists of two parts: Shapefile data and an EXCEL spreadsheet. In terms of vector Shapefile data, it includes 76 courier station traffic points and 8 segmented traffic route sections of the Ancient Beijing-Tibet Road. The EXCEL spreadsheet primarily records textual descriptions of the courier stations and traffic routes.
description: This dataset consists of two parts: Shapefile data and an EXCEL spreadsheet. In terms of vector Shapefile data, it includes 76 courier station traffic points and 8 segmented traffic route sections of the Ancient Beijing-Tibet Road. The EXCEL spreadsheet primarily records textual descriptions of the courier stations and traffic routes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q578x
title: Female fertile phase synchrony, and male mating and reproductive skew, in the crested macaque

description: High social status is the primary determinant of reproductive success
 among group-living male mammals. Primates living in multimale–multifemale
 groups show the greatest variation in the strength of this link, with
 marked variation in reproductive skew by male dominance among species,
 dependent on the degree of female fertile phase synchrony, and the number
 of competing males. Here, we present data on two groups of wild crested
 macaques (Macaca nigra), living in the Tangkoko Reserve, Sulawesi,
 Indonesia. We investigated male monopolization of fertile females in 31
 cycles of 19 females, and genetic paternity of 14 offspring conceived
 during the study period. We show that female fertile phase synchrony was
 low, that females had few mating partners in their fertile phase, and that
 dominant males monopolized a high proportion of consortships and matings,
 resulting in marked and steep mating and reproductive skew. We conclude
 that female cycle asynchrony provides the opportunity for strong direct
 male–male competition in crested macaques, resulting in monopolization of
 females by dominant males, consistent with their marked sexual dimorphism.
 Our study provides a test of the underlying factors that determine the
 relative occurrence and strength of different mechanisms of sexual
 selection, and the phenotypes that evolve as a result.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbn3
title: Data from: A test for rate-coupling of trophic and cranial evolutionary dynamics in New World bats

description: Data supporting article Shi et al. 2021,
 Evolution: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14188 Morphological
 evolution is often assumed to be causally related to underlying patterns
 of ecological trait evolution. However, few studies have directly tested
 whether evolutionary dynamics of and major shifts in ecological resource
 use are coupled with morphological shifts that may facilitate trophic
 innovation. Using diet and multivariate cranial (microCT) data, we tested
 whether rates of trophic and cranial evolution are coupled in the
 radiation of New World bats. We developed a generalizable
 information-theoretic method for describing evolutionary rate
 heterogeneity across large candidate sets of multi-rate models of
 evolution, without relying on a single best-fitting model. We found
 considerable variation in trophic evolutionary dynamics, in sharp contrast
 to a largely homogeneous cranial evolutionary process. This dichotomy is
 surprising given documented functional associations between overall skull
 morphology and trophic ecology. We suggest that assigning discrete trophic
 states may underestimate trophic generalism, and that this radiation could
 be characterized by generally labile crania that result in a homogeneous
 dynamic of overall high morphological rates. Overall, we discuss how
 trophic classification could substantively impact our interpretation of
 how these dynamics covary in adaptive radiations.
description: These shape data were collected from specimens archived in a
 repository described by these authors (Shi et al. 2018, PLOS ONE). They
 were processed using the program Stratovan Checkpoint (Stratovan,
 Davis, USA). All subsequent analyses were performed in R using a
 combination of packages described in the published
 paper.
description: Please read the README.txt for notes on each subdirectory and the
 analyses contained within.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh74r
title: Data from: Programmable Bloch polaritons in graphene

description: Raw dataset for Fig. 2-3 of the manuscript titled "Programmable Bloch
 polaritons in graphene", Science Advances (2021). 
description: Raw scanning near-field optical microscopy data for programmable
 Bloch polariton measurement.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjjh
title: Effect of age on testis development in diamondback moth

description: In Lepidoptera, it is known that larval and pupal testes enlarge in volume
 and then decrease in size over various phases of the pupal stage. After
 adult emergence, testis shrinkage continues. In the present study, the
 effects of temperature, age, and stage on testis development were
 investigated in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:
 Plutellidae). Laboratory experiments indicated that in the adult stage,
 testis shrank markedly with age and with increasing temperatures, when
 males were reared at 15, 20, 25 or 30 °C during the larval and pupal
 stages and then transferred to other temperatures. When kept at 15, 20,
 25, or 30 °C throughout their entire life (larva, pupa, and adult), the
 higher the temperature, the smaller the testis volume at any given adult
 age, indicating that larval and/or pupal rearing temperatures also
 affected testis development. Field experiments carried out in Tokyo showed
 that testis volume in wild adult males of diamondback moth was quite
 varied, suggesting that this population had both young and old males at
 each survey time. The lower the larval and pupal rearing temperature, the
 larger the adult, as measured by forewing length. Since larger adults
 tended to have larger testis at adult emergence, adult testis volume
 should be compensated based on the forewing length. Mating affected the
 testis size; testis volume decreased at higher mating frequency. Our
 results suggest that adult age of diamondback moths in wild populations
 can be estimated from the data on testis volume, temperature, and forewing
 length.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76hdr7svg
title: Data from: Association between metabolic syndrome components and the risk of developing nephrolithiasis: Bayesian meta-analysis and meta-regression with dose-response analysis

description: Nephrolithiasis has shifted to be a systemic disease. As opposed to an
 isolated urinary metabolic problem, it became determined that
 nephrolithiasis turned into considerably related to link with systemic
 diseases such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin
 resistance. The interplay between these four factors defines MetS
 (metabolic syndrome). In this review we aim to clarify the associations of
 metabolic syndrome and its components to kidney stone incident. Online
 databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched up to
 October 2020 to identify observational studies examining the association
 between metabolic syndrome components and kidney stone incident. Bayesian
 Random-Effects Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression were performed to observe
 the association. Linear dose-response analyses were conducted to shape the
 direction of the association. Data analysis was performed using STATA, and
 R statistics. This dataset contains supplementary material and
 figures as additional analysis of the study.
description: This dataset was created by several analyses consisting of
 sensitivity analysis, trim and fill analysis, and funnel plot asymmetry
 test. Our data was generated using STATA and R software. The purpose of
 this data is to present additional figures to explain the details for the
 study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sxksn0327
title: Phototactic choices of Drosophila melanogaster

description: When organisms' environmental conditions vary unpredictably in time,
 it can be advantageous for individuals to hedge their phenotypic bets. It
 has been shown that a bet-hedging strategy underlies the high
 inter-individual diversity of phototactic choice in Drosophila
 melanogaster. This study shows that fruit flies from a population living
 in a boreal and relatively unpredictable climate had more variable
 phototactic choices than fruit flies from a more stable tropical climate,
 consistent with bet-hedging theory. We experimentally show that
 phototactic variability of D. melanogaster is regulated by the
 neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT), which acts as a suppressor of the
 variability of phototactic choices. When fed 5-HT precursor, boreal flies
 exhibited lower variability, and they were insensitive to 5-HT inhibitor.
 The opposite pattern was seen in the tropical flies. Thus, the reduction
 of 5-HT in fruit flies' brains may be the mechanistic basis of an
 adaptive bet-hedging strategy in a less predictable boreal climate.
description: We used the FlyVac system (Harvard University, Daugavpils
 University).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mgqnk98z4
title: A linkage-based genome assembly for the mosquito Aedes albopictus and identification of chromosomal regions affecting diapause

description: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an invasive vector mosquito
 of substantial public health concern. The large genome size (~1.19-1.28 Gb
 by cytofluorometric estimates), comprised of ~68% repetitive DNA
 sequences, has made it difficult to produce a high-quality genome assembly
 for this species. We constructed a high-density linkage map for Ae.
 albopictus based on 111,328 informative SNPs obtained by RNAseq.
 We then performed a linkage-map anchored reassembly of AalbF2, the genome
 assembly produced by Palatini et al. (2020). Our re-assembled genome
 sequence, AalbF3, represents several improvements relative to AalbF2.
  First, the size of the AalbF3 assembly is 1.45 Gb, almost half
 the size of AalbF2. Furthermore, relative to AalbF2, AalbF3 contains a
 higher proportion of complete and single-copy BUSCO genes (84.3%) and a
 higher proportion of aligned RNAseq reads that map concordantly
 to a single location of the genome (46%). We demonstrate the utility of
 AalbF3 by using it as reference for a bulk segregant-based comparative
 genomics analysis which identifies chromosomal regions with
 clusters of candidate SNPs putatively associated with photoperiodic
 diapause, a crucial ecological adaptation underpinning the rapid range
 expansion and climatic adaptation of Ae. albopictus.
description: See readme.txt file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f7m0cfxv5
title: Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing

description: Dryland (arid and semi-arid) ecosystems globally provide more than half of
 livestock production and store roughly one-third of soil organic carbon
 (SOC). Biogeochemical pools are changing due toshrub encroachment,
 livestock grazing, and climate change. We assessed how vegetation
 microsite, grazing, and precipitation interacted to affect SOC and total
 nitrogen (TN) at a site with long-term grazing manipulations and
 well-described patterns of shrub encroachment across elevation and mean
 annual precipitation (MAP) gradients. We analyzed SOC and TN in the
 context of vegetation cover at ungrazed locations within livestock
 exclosures, high-inten- sity grazing locations near water sources, and
 moderate-intensity grazing locations away from water. SOC was enhanced by
 MAP (p&lt;0.0001), but grazing intensity had little effect regardless
 of MAP (p = 0.12). Shrubs enhanced SOC (300–1279 g C m2) and TN (27–122 g
 N m2), except at high MAP where the contribution or stabilization of shrub
 inputs relative to grassland inputs was likely diminished. Cover of
 perennial herbaceous plants and litter were significant predictors of SOC
 (r2 = 0.63 and 0.34, respectively) and TN (r2 = 0.64 and 0.30,
 respectively). Our results suggest that continued shrub encroachment in
 drylands can increase SOC storage when grass production remains high,
 although this response may saturate with higher MAP. In contrast, grazing
 – at least at the intensities of our sites – has a lesser effect. These
 effects underscore the need to understand how future climate and grazing
 may interact to influence dryland biogeochemical cycling.
description: Soil carbon and nitrogen was analyzed from soil cores collected
 at three sites along an elevation and rainfall gradient in southern
 Arizona. Within each site, there were three plots that varied in grazing
 intensity based on long-term exclosures that restricted grazing, long-term
 water points near which grazing was relatively high, and locations away
 from water points where grazing was reduced. Within these plots, cores
 were collected under woody plants and in intercanopy spaces.
description: Further information about the data set can be found in the
 "metadata" tab on the associated datasheet or in the following
 article:<br><strong>Throop, H.L.</strong>, S. Munson, N. Hornslein, and M.P. McClaran. 2021.
 Shrub influence on soil carbon in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by
 climate and largely insensitive to livestock grazing. <em>Arid Land
 Research and Management </em>doi: 10.1080/15324982.2021.1952660