cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.57780/esa-q8n6goa
title: 16164

description: The known populations of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes with orbital periods less than virgul100 days have been shaped by atmospheric evaporation comma  leading to the observed Radius Valley near 1.7 Earth radii. However comma  it is currently unclear what the dominant mass loss mechanism is for these planets. The two likely culprits are photoevaporation by the host star.s high energy radiation and core-powered evaporation comma  where the latent heat of formation in the planet.s core causes the atmosphere to expand and escape. Distinguishing between these two mass loss mechanisms will require much more precise exoplanet radii statistics or comma  alternatively comma  measurements of mass loss for planets of varying ages and incident high energy flux. We propose to address this critical question by using COS to observe the transit of the virgul20 million year old planet AU Mic b and measure its mass loss rate in UV metal lines of carbon comma  silicon comma  and oxygen. AU Mic is the brightest pre-main sequence star known to host a transiting planet and offers a unique opportunity to detect the planet.s atmosphere at very high signal-to-noise in a number of UV mass loss indicators. Furthermore comma  information from the UV metal lines is complementary to absorption in the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line comma  which is heavily attenuated by the ISM. The metal lines trace material from the base of the thermosphere comma  whereas Lyman-alpha samples the highly extended unbound exosphere. Measurements of young planet evaporation rates are vital benchmarks for atmospheric evolution models and AU Mic b is currently the best known exoplanet to perform such an experiment.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qca48ai
title: 16861

description: Understanding CTE losses in WFC3-UVIS has very much been a learning experience.  Once it became clear that there were significant losses at the small-electron-packet end comma  we realized that we needed more than the strategy that had worked so well for ACSdoublePoint  namely comma  just measuring the trails found behind the warm pixels (WPs) in the calibration long darks.    We devised a strategy that used a combination of short-darks and long-darks.  The long-darks allowed us to know the true intensity of each warm pixel comma  and the short darks with variable background allowed us to measure electron-survival as a function of background.  This new strategy has worked well comma  but there are not as many WPs in the short darks as we would like.    We experient here with a different approach.  We will take the standard 900s long darks with a variety of post-flash levels so that the relative losses-vs-background can be assessed.  This approach is not as direct as the short-long approach comma  but it may provide more data and it is actually more in-line with what actually gets done for science.  Also comma  this new approach provides a lot more WPs to study comma  which should give us much better resolution on losses as a function of background.  The short-dark data taken in the previous calibration cycle has noisy trends for backgrounds between 20e and 100e.  This program should remedy that significantly.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284218.09fu
title: SH1284218.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qcam4q4
title: 16582

description: This program will observe PN VY2-2 near the center of the field (-20 comma  0) and at additional positons using the WFC3 IR G102 and G141 grisms. The data will be used to calculate wavelength solutions for the grisms comma  and will be compared with those derived from previous programsdoublePoint 16407 15727 15586 14993 14543 14385 14023 13582  13580 13093 12703 12356  to monitor for potential time evolution of the calibration.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qdigecs
title: 16648

description: Super-Earth characterization continues to be a particular focus of the field given that it is the interface between terrestrial planets and gas-dominated planets. The implications of this division reverberate in planet formation comma  planetary interiors comma  and the origins and evolution of planetary atmospheres. A recently discovered ultra-short period exoplanet comma  TOI-1685b comma  is the lowest density super-Earth to orbit a small comma  low-mass star. Its low density and small host star comma  make it an ideal candidate for extended atmosphere characterization and a measurement of super-Earth mass loss. TOI-1685b has a relatively hot atmosphere comma  which makes it an excellent target for measuring atmospheric hydrogen escape comma  particularly given its close orbit comma  deep within the stellar wind of its host star. Measurements of hydrogen escape provides constraints on the evolution of the planetary atmosphere. We propose spectroscopic observations of two planetary transits to measure the stellar Lyman-alpha emission line and search for signatures of an extended hydrogen atmosphere. The Lyman-alpha line is also the dominant source of UV emission for cool stars comma  and thereby has a tremendous impact on planetary atmospheres. These observations comma  along with a short near-UV observation of MgII comma  the second most dominant emission line comma  will provide a vital characterization of the stellar inputs into all of the planetary atmospheres in this system. Observations of hot and largely cloud-free atmospheres comma  particularly of super-Earths like the one requested in this proposal comma  are an important step in planning future observations of temperate planetary atmospheres.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284219.09fu
title: SH1284219.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qe4l5fo
title: 16926

description: Binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are expected to be common from galaxy mergers. Their final inspirals and coalescences should produce gravitational waves detectable by pulsar-timing arrays and future space interferometers comma  making them exciting targets for multi-messenger astronomy. Subsequent to the most recent proposal deadline comma  the first candidate coalescing binary SMBH has just been discovered with rapidly decaying periods revealed by the remarkable optical and X-ray light curves (with the periods decreasing from virgulone year to virgulone month in the past three years). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the system may be an uneven mass-ratio comma  highly eccentric binary SMBH that will likely merge within virgulone to three years comma  presenting an exciting opportunity for multi-wavelength and potentially multi-messenger observations to witness the first ever binary SMBH merger event comma  justifying the mid-cycle request. New STIS UV spectroscopy may reveal evidence (or lack thereof) for a cutoff or notch in the NUV spectrum comma  which may arise from gap opening in the circumbinary accretion disk comma  and to measure the UV emission lines as tracers of accretion disk winds. Multi-band high-resolution WFC3 imaging is proposed to quantify the structural properties of the host galaxy comma  enabling bulge stellar mass measurement through robust bulge-disk decomposition for better (total) SMBH mass estimation comma  and to search for morphological evidence of a past merger. The program will independently test the binary hypothesis and provide the anchor for future follow-up campaigns. It has broad implications for multi-messenger astronomy and for understanding the cosmic formation and evolution of SMBHs.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284220.09fu
title: SH1284220.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qflpb9y
title: 15839

description: Measuring the bulk composition of exo-planets is crucial for the development of planet formation theories comma  and currently the only available method is spectroscopy of white dwarfs accreting planetary debris. The photospheric abundances of these white dwarfs reflect the bulk compositions of the accreted parent bodies comma  entirely analogous to meteorite abundance studies. HST ultraviolet spectroscopy has played a pivotal role in this field comma  providing abundance measurements of many elements inaccessible from the ground. The bulk compositions measured so far are broadly similar to those found in the solar system comma  suggesting that planet formation may be a fairly uniform process. The accuracy of the measured bulk compositions relies on the physically correct analysis of the white dwarf spectroscopy. However comma  all studies have so far used an assumption that remains untested - that the metals are uniformly distributed over the stellar surface. Given accretion proceeds via a geometrically thin disk comma  the validity of this assumption is far from obvious. We propose deep COS time-series ultraviolet spectroscopy of G29-38 comma  the prototype white dwarf accreting from a debris disk. G29-28 undergoes non-radial pulsations comma  which heat localized regions on its surface that can briefly dominate the flux of the star. A spectrum obtained during such a heating event reflects the abundances of a small patch on the white dwarf surface. We will analyze a sufficiently large number of pulses to accurately map the distribution of metals across the entire surface of G29-38. Our results will be used to improve the modelling of debris-accreting white dwarfs comma  and lead to more reliable bulk compositions.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qhubb9w
title: 16915

description: Our current understanding of the evolution of exoplanet atmospheres predicts the existence of a so-called .hot-Neptune desert. - a dearth of Neptune-mass planets with orbital periods less than four days comma  and this prediction has so far been borne-out by observations. The discovery of LTT 9779b comma  a roughly two Neptune-mass planet with an orbital period of less than a day comma  thus provides a challenge to the current atmosphere evolution paradigm. LTT 9779b is currently the only known ultra-hot-Neptune comma  and Spitzer-IRAC observations find tentative evidence for an atmosphere with observable molecular signatures. Although we expect the atmospheres of hot planets to be dark at UV-optical wavelengths comma  TESS and CHEOPS measurements show evidence of a significant amount of light scattering from the atmosphere of LTT 9779b - likely indicating the presence of clouds. We here propose to leverage the unique capabilities of the WFC3 instrument.s UVIS channel to conduct a spectroscopic study of scattered light from the atmosphere of LTT 9779b during its eclipse. Such observations will allow us to constrain the planet.s energy budget comma  as well as robustly discern the presence of comma  and quantify the composition of clouds in its atmosphere. This program will be highly complementary to the planned JWST-NIRISS observations comma  and facilitate a deeper understanding of one of the most unique worlds discovered to date.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284221.09fu
title: SH1284221.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qjtue1i
title: 16676

description: Observations of Cepheids with HST show the Universe is expanding significantly faster than expected under the assumption of LCDM calibrated with measurements from the early Universe. The significance of this remarkable result has reached 4-6 sigma and passed numerous tests of robustness. Improving the measurement of the Hubble constant now can move us beyond merely detecting this discrepancy to identifying its origin.  We propose to obtain HST photometry of Cepheids hosted by open clusters in the Milky Way whose large number of stars provide the highest parallax precision available in Gaia EDR3 comma  a factor of more than three better than what is possible for individual Cepheids.  To fully exploit these Cepheids to calibrate the distance ladder we propose to observe these Cluster Cepheids with spatial scanning and the same WFC3 three-band photometric system used for extragalactic Cepheids to nullify the effects of photometric zeropoint errors along the distance ladder. This program will surpass the best available calibration of the distance ladder to enable a 1% measurement of the Hubble constant and increase its leverage for identifying the source of the discrepancy. Gaia and HST comma  each doing what they do best comma  can continue to steadily advance our knowledge of what appears to be a new feature in the cosmological model
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284222.09fu
title: SH1284222.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qngig2b
title: 16578

description: We monitor the WFC3 UVIS shutter performance. The exposures need to be identical to previous cycles. Images with exposure times ranging from 0.5 to 17 seconds will be used to compare the photometric behavior of each shutter blade comma  for short vs long exposures and check for shutter shading effects. Internal flats in each of the 4 amps will be used to monitor the repeatability and shutter shading effects.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qo0emb0
title: 16385

description: The stability of the CCD flat fields will be monitored using the calibration lamps. One set of observations for all the filters and another at a different epoch for a subset of filters will be taken during this cycle. High signal observations will be used to assess the stability of the pixel-to-pixel flat field structure comma  to analyze image artifacts such as the newly discovered flecks comma  and to monitor the position of the dust motes.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284223.09fu
title: SH1284223.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.57780/esa-qt6ibgs
title: 16499

description: Jupiter.s planet-sized satellite Ganymede is the only known moon with a mini-magnetosphere and two auroral ovals. In its only close flyby of Ganymede comma  NASA.s Juno spacecraft is scheduled to pass through the satellite.s magnetotail on June 7 comma  2021. The magnetotail is the region where magnetic reconnection and energization is expected to be strongest. Juno.s flyby provides a unique opportunity to make significant progress about the poorly understood processes which energize Ganymede.s magnetosphere and power its auroral emissions. The flyby occurs over a short time-span of only approximately 30 minutes. We propose 6 HST orbits to observe Ganymede.s aurora which will provide important context and assist with the interpretation of the Juno observations. We request three HST orbits before the Juno flyby to establish the state of the aurora prior to the flyby and three additional orbits after the Juno flyby to monitor the changes in Ganymede.s aurora after the flyby. The moon.s aurora is known to vary on timescales of Juno.s flyby and the proposed HST observations. The collection of HST observations over these timescales will enable an investigation of how conditions and events observed by Juno are related to changes in Ganymede.s aurora observed by HST. The Juno flyby provides a very important and unique opportunity for HST to complement investigations of NASA.s solar system exploration program and improve our understanding of the only magnetosphere in the solar system without a bow shock.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh1284224.09fu
title: SH1284224.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.