DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15702027
title: Apple Leaf Disease Detection Using Vision Transformer

description: This repository contains a Python script for classifying apple leaf diseases using a Vision Transformer (ViT) model. The dataset used is the Plant Village dataset, which contains images of apple leaves with four classes: Healthy, Apple Scab, Black Rot, and Cedar Apple Rust. The script includes data preprocessing, model training, and evaluation steps.



Table of Contents




Introduction

Code Explanation

Steps for Implementation

Example Usage

Conclusion






Introduction


The goal of this project is to classify apple leaf diseases using a Vision Transformer (ViT) model. The dataset is divided into four classes: Healthy, Apple Scab, Black Rot, and Cedar Apple Rust. The script includes data preprocessing, model training, and evaluation steps.





Code Explanation




1. Importing Libraries




The script starts by importing necessary libraries such as matplotlib, seaborn, numpy, pandas, tensorflow, and sklearn. These libraries are used for data visualization, data manipulation, and building/training the deep learning model.




2. Visualizing the Dataset




The walk_through_dir function is used to explore the dataset directory structure and count the number of images in each class.

The dataset is divided into Train, Val, and Test directories, each containing subdirectories for the four classes.




3. Data Augmentation




The script uses ImageDataGenerator from Keras to apply data augmentation techniques such as rotation, horizontal flipping, and rescaling to the training data. This helps in improving the model's generalization ability.

Separate generators are created for training, validation, and test datasets.




4. Patch Visualization




The script defines a Patches layer that extracts patches from the images. This is a crucial step in Vision Transformers, where images are divided into smaller patches that are then processed by the transformer.

The script visualizes these patches for different patch sizes (32x32, 16x16, 8x8) to understand how the image is divided.




5. Model Training




The script defines a Vision Transformer (ViT) model using TensorFlow and Keras. The model is compiled with the Adam optimizer and categorical cross-entropy loss.

The model is trained for a specified number of epochs, and the training history is stored for later analysis.




6. Model Evaluation




After training, the model is evaluated on the test dataset. The script generates a confusion matrix and a classification report to assess the model's performance.

The confusion matrix is visualized using seaborn to provide a clear understanding of the model's predictions.




7. Visualizing Misclassified Images




The script includes functionality to visualize misclassified images, which helps in understanding where the model is making errors.




8. Fine-Tuning and Learning Rate Adjustment




The script demonstrates how to fine-tune the model by adjusting the learning rate and re-training the model.






Steps for Implementation






Dataset Preparation



Ensure that the dataset is organized into Train, Val, and Test directories, with each directory containing subdirectories for each class (Healthy, Apple Scab, Black Rot, Cedar Apple Rust).





Install Required Libraries



Install the necessary Python libraries using pip:



pip install tensorflow matplotlib seaborn numpy pandas scikit-learn

 







Run the Script



Execute the script in a Python environment. The script will automatically:



Load and preprocess the dataset.

Apply data augmentation.

Train the Vision Transformer model.

Evaluate the model and generate performance metrics.







Analyze Results



Review the confusion matrix and classification report to understand the model's performance.

Visualize misclassified images to identify potential areas for improvement.





Fine-Tuning



Experiment with different patch sizes, learning rates, and data augmentation techniques to improve the model's accuracy.