cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ektqpz
title: ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions— III. Catalogues of candidate hot molecular cores and Hyper/Ultra compact HII regions

description: We have identified 453 compact dense cores in 3mm continuum emission maps in the ATOMS (ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions) survey, and compiled three catalogues of high-mass star forming cores. One catalogue, refereed to as H/UC-HII catalogue, includes 89 cores that enshroud hyper/ultra compact (H/UC) HII regions as characterized by associated compact H40 emission. A second catalogue, referred to as pure s-cHMC, includes 32 candidate Hot Molecular Cores (HMCs) showing a rich spectrum (N &gt; 20 lines) of complex organic molecules (COMs) but not associated with H/UC HII regions. The third catalogue, referred to as pure w-cHMC, includes 58 candidate HMCs with relatively low levels of COM richness and not associated with H/UC HII regions. These three catalogues of dense cores provide an important foundation for future studies of the early stages of high mass star formation across the Milky Way. We find that nearly half of H/UC-HII cores are candidate HMCs. From the number counts of COM-containing and H/UC-HII cores, we suggest that the duration of high-mass protostellar cores (or candidate HMCs) showing chemically rich features is at least comparable to the lifetime of H/UC-HII regions. For cores in the H/UC-HII catalogue, the width of the H40 line increases as the core size decreases, suggesting that the non-thermal (e.g., dynamical and pressure) line-broadening mechanisms dominate on the smaller scales of the H/UC-HII cores.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.fmuamt
title: RODEO: An algorithm and Google Earth Engine application for river discharge retrieval from Landsat

description: Satellite remote sensing of river discharge (RSQ) algorithms provide a useful source of observations to supplement river gauge records. RSQ algorithms have existed for over a decade yet their widespread use has been impeded by a lack of operational usability and quantitative characterization of uncertainty. Here we present RODEO, an algorithm for estimating river discharge using Landsat observations in near-real time. RODEO is validated with 456 gauges (median Kling-Gupta efficiency=0.3) and uses a novel quantile rating curve technique that pairs Landsat river widths with discharge estimates from a global hydrologic model. RODEO also characterizes the uncertainty of RSQ estimates (estimated root-mean-square error= +7%), enabling RSQ retrievals to be used for data assimilation into hydrologic models. With the goal of expanding the RSQ user base, the RODEO algorithm is implemented as a freely available, off-the-shelf cloud-based Google Earth Engine application that provides RSQ estimates across North America from 1984-present.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.fxtxsw
title: On the Role of Aerosol Radiative Effect in the Wet Season Onset Timing over the Congo Rainforest during Boreal Autumn

description: The boreal summer dry season length is reported to have been increasing in the last three decades over the Congo rainforest, which is the second-largest rainforest in the world. In some years, the wet season in boreal autumn starts early while in others it arrives late. The mechanism behind such a change in wet season onset date has not been investigated yet. Using multi-satellite datasets, we discover that the variation of aerosols in dry season plays a major role in determining the subsequent wet season onset. Dry season aerosol optical depth (AOD) influences the strength of the southern African easterly jet (AEJ-S) and thus the onset of the wet season. Higher AOD associated with a higher dust mass flux reduces the net downward shortwave radiation and decreases the surface temperature over the Congo rainforest region, leading to a stronger meridional temperature gradient between the rainforest and the Kalahari Desert as early as in June. The latter, in turn, strengthens the AEJ-S, sets in an early and a stronger easterly flow, leads to a stronger equatorward convergence and an early onset of the wet season in late August to early September. The mean AOD in the dry season over the region is strongly correlated (r =0.7) with the timing of the subsequent wet season onset. Conversely, in low AOD years, the onset of the wet season over the Congo basin is delayed to mid-October.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.malefg
title: To Boldly Know: Enabling JPL Lessons Learned with Knowledge Graphs

description: Knowledge offices within NASA are mandated to collect and disseminate lessons learned which describe "the original driving event" that inspired the learning, and which provide "recommendations that feed into NASA's continual improvement via training, best practices, policies, and procedures" (NASA, 2021). However, as with many organizational lessons learned programs, there are often difficulties in ensuring lessons are captured in a timely manner and with enough context that they can effectively inform future work. This project report will detail work done by information professionals at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to reinvent the local lessons learned process. The JPL team completed a Lean Six Sigma effort to better understand the challenges presented by the lessons learned mandate. Through the course of this project, the team designed a semantically-enriched lessons learned capture and catalog system. The new process designed by the JPL team minimizes the barrier to entry for users creating new lessons learned, while also supporting a significantly improved ability to filter lessons based on controlled metadata fields when users are attempting to find and learn from lessons.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.e810h7
title: OS Tiger Team (OSTT) Recommendation on OS Cleanliness

description: The NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign involves the collection of samples on Mars by the Perseverance (Mars 2020) rover and their planned return to Earth. To accomplish this, the ‘Orbiting Sample’ (OS) container would be sent to Mars to accommodate the collected samples, then launched from Mars and returned to Earth, from which the samples would be removed to be examined in a Sample Return Facility (SRF). Crucial to this whole sequence is to decide what level of cleanliness is required inside the OS. In February 2021, the NASA Headquarters Science Mission Directorate and the Office of Planetary Protection assembled an MSR OS “Tiger Team” (OSTT) to debate and determine the appropriate cleanliness level of the interior of the OS. The team’s remit was primarily focused on making a decision on the trade-offs between Planetary Protection cleanliness level 4a and 4b. These cleanliness levels are determined by COSPAR planetary protection regulations, where 4a requires &lt; 300 bacterial spores/m2 and &lt; 3 x 105 bacterial spores on the spacecraft (in this case, the interior of the OS), and 4b mandates the more stringent requirement of &lt; 30 bacterial spores. This report documents the decision of the OSTT to recommend that the interior of the OSTT be cleaned to a 4a requirement with any feasible added effort toward 4b, and it provides the rationale for that decision.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.wqfyq9
title: An ALMA study of outflow parameters of protoclusters: outflow feedback to maintain the turbulence

description: With the aim of understanding the role of outflows in star formation, we performed a statistical study of the physical parameters of outflows in eleven massive protoclusters associated with ultra-compact Hii regions. A total of 106 outflow lobes are identified in these protoclusters using the ALMA CO (3–2), HCN (4–3) and HCO+ (4–3) line observations. Although the position angles of outflow lobes do not differ in these three tracers, HCN and HCO+ tend to detect lower terminal velocity of the identified outflows compared to CO. The majority of the outflows in our targets are young with typical dynamical time-scales of 102−104 years, and are mostly composed of low-mass outflows along with at least one high-mass outflow in each target. An anti-correlation of outflow rate with dynamical time-scale indicates that the outflow rate possibly decreases with time. Also, a rising trend of dynamical time-scale with the mass of the associated core hints that the massive cores might have longer accretion histories than the low mass cores. Estimation of different energies in these protoclusters shows that outflows studied here cannot account for the generation of the observed turbulence, but can sustain the turbulence at the current epoch as the energy injection rate from the outflows is similar to the estimated dissipation rate.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.mo7kh2
title: Euclid: Forecasts for k-cut 3×2 Point Statistics

description: Modelling uncertainties at small scales, i.e. high k in the power spectrum P(k), due to baryonic feedback, nonlinear structure growth and the fact that galaxies are biased tracers poses a significant obstacle to fully leverage the constraining power of the Euclid wide-field survey. k-cut cosmic shear has recently been proposed as a method to optimally remove sensitivity to these scales while preserving usable information. In this paper we generalise the k-cut cosmic shear formalism to 3 2 point statistics and estimate the loss of information for different k-cuts in a 3 2 point analysis of the Euclid data. Extending the Fisher matrix analysis of Euclid Collaboration: Blanchard et al. (2019), we assess the degradation in constraining power for different k-cuts. We work in the idealised case and assume the galaxy bias is linear, the covariance is Gaussian, while neglecting uncertainties due to photo-z errors and baryonic feedback. We find that taking a k-cut at 2:6 h Mpc 1 yields a dark energy Figure of Merit (FOM) of 1018. This is comparable to taking a weak lensing cut at ` = 5000 and a galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing cut at ` = 3000 in a traditional 3 2 point analysis. We also find that the fraction of the observed galaxies used in the photometric clustering part of the analysis is one of the main drivers of the FOM. Removing 50% (90%) of the clustering galaxies decreases the FOM by 19% (62%). Given that the FOM depends so heavily on the fraction of galaxies used in the clustering analysis, extensive efforts should be made to handle the real-world systematics present when extending the analysis beyond the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.pxt7aa
title: GRACE-FO and ECOSTRESS synergies constrain fine-scale impacts on the water balance

description: Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) measurement over large scales with remote sensing can contribute to effective water resource management. However, ET measurement is challenging, particularly in complex agricultural landscapes. ET calculated with the water balance method using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)/GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions has been found to exceed estimates from land surface models, although there has been no definitive explanation. Here we show, using high resolution ET from ECOSTRESS, that this bias is attributed to fine-scale irrigation not captured by models but which mass conservation detects. The percentage of irrigated area scales linearly with the bias between observed and modeled ET (R2 = 0.80, p &lt; 0.01). We estimate that irrigation accounts for 35% of ET during the irrigated summer months in arid/semi-arid basins in North America. This study presents the synergies of using GRACE-FO and ECOSTRESS to improve remote sensing of agricultural water use.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.t6qzvo
title: Experimental Dynamic Characterization of Rigid-Flex PCB Systems

description: Rigid-flex printed circuit boards (PCBs) are used in many applications that range from mobile electronic devices to low-volume medical tools. Rigid-flex PCBs in robotics allow for novel advances in robotic design. In many of these applications, it is critical to understand the system’s dynamics. Dynamic characterization of a rigid-flex system is difficult because the system exhibits large deformation in the joints, panel-to-panel contact, and other sources of dynamic nonlinearities and complexities not present in traditional PCBs. To date, rigorous test methods for the dynamic characterization of rigid-flex PCB systems have not been proposed. The objective of this paper is to present a nonlinear characterization and modal testing protocol for rigid-flex PCB structures that sufficiently characterizes the frequencies, mode shapes, damping, and nonlinear properties of the structure. To accomplish this, a variety of modal testing techniques historically used for nonlinear systems are examined to dynamically characterize a rigid-flex robotic system from NASA JPL, PUFFER (Pop-Up Folding Flat Explorer Robot). Based on the testing results, a modal testing procedure is proposed to most effectively identify the dynamic properties of rigid-flex PCB structures.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.b7petl
title: Draft Genomes of Fungi Isolated from the International Space Station during Microbial Tracking-2 Experiment

description: As part of the Microbial Tracking-2 study, 94 fungal strains were isolated from surfaces on the International Space Station (ISS) and whole-genome sequences were assembled. Characterization of these draft genomes will allow for evaluation of microgravity adaption, risk to human health and spacecraft functioning, and biotechnological application of fungi.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.pljind
title: Dare Mighty Things: Fly on Mars

description: THE motto of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is well known around the globe: “Dare Mighty Things”. The origins of the phrase are an 1899 speech by Theodore Roosevelt, in which he said: “Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure, than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy much nor suffer much, because they live in the gray twilight that knows not victory nor defeat” [1]. These words are powerful; they set the culture of this NASA center. At JPL, innovation is our life blood and engineers are encouraged to be creative and to dream big. While some believe that it is a company’s responsibility to foster an environment that truly and honestly encourages their people to be innovators, I see this somewhat differently. The culture of a company comes from their staff. Each individual brings their own experience, character, talents, and background which contributes to an innovative environment. Where I work, we are surrounded by engineers from different schools, diverse nationalities, ethnicities, etc. As a result, we all approach challenges differently. Young engineers – with their boldness and enthusiasm - are crucial to creating a work environment where traditional approaches set by past successes or by technological limitations are challenged.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.az1cpd
title: Spatiotemporal characterization of geophysical signal detection capabilities of GRACE-FO

description: The intersatellite range measurements between the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellite pair enable mapping time variations in Earth’s gravity field. The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) and Microwave Instrument (MWI) provide independent range measurements. We compare gravity fields derived from the two instruments. The LRI captures time-variable gravity field signals up to 21 mHz (165 km half-wavelength) globally, while MWI reaches frequencies up to 15 mHz (220 km). Time-variable mass variations free from annual cycles and trends are sensed up to 15 mHz (LRI) and 11 mHz (320 km) (MWI). Both instruments are shown to be excellent tools for detection and monitoring of sub-monthly geophysical signals. Along-track global maps of sub-monthly signals are expected to shed light on the high-frequency behavior of a large number of geophysical processes.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.uhkmiq
title: Influence of Indian Summer Monsoon on Tropopause, Trace gases and Aerosols in Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone observed by COSMIC, MLS and CALIPSO

description: The existence of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) during the summer in the northern hemisphere, upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region plays a significant role in confining the trace gases and aerosols for a long duration thus affecting regional and global climate. Though several studies have been carried out, our understanding of the trace gases and aerosols variability in the ASMA is limited during different phases of the Indian monsoon. This work quantifies the role of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) activity on the tropopause, trace gases (Water Vapour (WV), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO)), and aerosols (Attenuated Scattering Ratio (ASR)) obtained from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite observations, respectively, during the period 2006-2016. Enhancement in the tropopause altitude, WV, CO, ASR, and low tropopause temperatures, O3 in the ASMA region is clearly noticed during peak monsoon months (July and August) with large inter-annual variability. Further, a significant increase in the WV, CO, and decrease in O3 during the active phase of the ISM, strong monsoon years, and strong La Niña years in the ASMA is noticed. Enhancement in the ASR values during the strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years is also observed. In addition, our results showed that the presence of deep convection spreading from India land regions to the Bay of Bengal with strong updrafts can transport the trace gases and aerosols to the upper troposphere during active spells, strong monsoon years and La Niña years when compared to their counterparts. Observations show that ASMA is very sensitive to active spells, strong monsoon years and La Niña years compared to break spells, weak monsoon years and El Niño years. It is concluded that the dynamics play a significant role in constraining several trace gases and aerosols in ASMA and suggested considering the activity of the summer monsoon while dealing with them at subseasonal scales.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.vyiplx
title: Past, Present and Future of Mars Polar Science: Outcomes and outlook from the 7th International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration

description: Mars Polar Science is a sub-field of Mars science that encompasses all studies of the cryosphere of Mars and its interaction with the Martian environment. Every four years, the community of scientists dedicated to this sub-field meets to discuss new findings and debate open issues in the International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration (ICMPSE). This paper summarizes the proceedings of the seventh ICMPSE and the progress made since the sixth edition. We highlight the most important advances and present the most salient open questions in the field today, as discussed and agreed upon by the participants of the conference. We also feature agreed-upon suggestions for future methods, measurements, instruments, and missions that would be essential to answering the main open questions presented. This work is thus an overview of the current status of Mars Polar Science, and is intended to serve as a roadmap for the direction of the field during the next four years and beyond, helping to shape its contribution within the larger context of planetary science and exploration.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dvexk2
title: Large Array of Single Photon Counting Quantum Capacitance Detectors

description: The Quantum Capacitance Detector (QCD) is a high-sensitivity direct detector under development for low background applications such as far-infrared spectroscopy from a cold space telescope. The QCD has demonstrated an optically-measured noise equivalent power of 2⋅10-20 W⋅Hz-1/2 at 1.5 THz, making it among the most sensitive far-infrared (IR) detectors systems ever demonstrated, and meeting the requirements for spaceborne spectroscopy. The device is also intrinsically fast, and thus able to count individual far-IR photons. Here we report a new 2-D array yielding 291 QCDs out of 441 pixels patterned, demonstrating photon-counting in a large scale. A readout technique was developed to reveal the presence or absence of a photon within a frame by a single number, providing a way to scale up to even larger arrays while maintaining a modest data rate need.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.icmb7d
title: Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.yqnyw2
title: Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility

description: The Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) was tasked with identifying the steps that encompass all the curation activities that would happen within the MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) and any anticipated curation-related requirements. An area of specific interest is the necessary analytical instrumentation. The SRF would be a Biosafety Level-4 facility where the returned MSR flight hardware would be opened, the sample tubes accessed, and the martian sample material extracted from them. Characterization of the essential attributes of each sample is required to provide enough information to prepare a sample catalog to be used in guiding the preparation of sample-related proposals by the world’s research community and to help inform decisions by the sample allocation committee. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived from the Mars 2020 sample-collecting rover, during sample transport to Earth, and during initial sample characterization within the SRF. We conclude that initial sample characterization can best be planned as a set of three sequential phases, which we have called Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE), each of which requires a certain amount of instrumentation. Data on specific samples and subsamples obtained during sample safety assessments and time-sensitive scientific investigations would also be added to the catalog. There are several areas in which future work would be beneficial to prepare for the receipt of samples, including designing a sample tube isolation chamber, planning how to open the sample tubes, and how best to remove dust from the exteriors of the tubes.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.stwvjy
title: Rotation Period Detection for Earth-like Exoplanets

description: A terrestrial planet’s rotation period is one of the key parameters that determines its climate and habitability. Current methods for detecting the rotation period of exoplanets are not suitable for terrestrial exoplanets. Here we demonstrate that, under certain conditions, the rotation period of an Earth-like exoplanet will be detectable using direct-imaging techniques. We use a global climate model to simulate reflected starlight from an Earth-like exoplanet and explore how different parameters (e.g., observing direction, wavelength, time resolution) influence the detectability of the planet’s rotation period. We show that the rotation period of an Earth-like exoplanet is detectable using visible-wavelength channels with time-series monitoring at a signal-to-noise ratio &gt;20 with ~5 – 15 rotation periods of data, while the rotation period of a planet with full ocean coverage is unlikely to be detectable. To better detect the rotation period, one needs to plan the observation so that each individual integration would yield a S/N &gt;10, while keeping the integration time shorter than 1/6 – 1/4 of the rotation period of the planet. Our results provide important guidance for rotation period detection of Earth-like exoplanets in reflected light using future space telescopes.