DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8033350
title: CESNET-MINER22-TS: Periodic Behavior Features of Cryptomining Communication

description: CESNET-MINER22-TS: Periodic Behavior Features of Cryptomining Communication
Datasets were created for the paper: Enhancing DeCrypto: Finding Cryptocurrency Miners Based on Periodic Behavior -- Josef Koumar, Richard Plný, Tomáš Čejka -- which was published at The 19th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) 2023. Please cite usage of our datasets as: 

J. Koumar, R. Plný and T. Čejka, "Enhancing DeCrypto: Finding Cryptocurrency Miners Based on Periodic Behavior," 2023 19th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, 2023, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.23919/CNSM59352.2023.10327904.
 
The files cesnet_miner22_design_with_FTS_proba.zip and cesnet_miner22_evaluation_with_FTS_proba.zip contain one .csv file with IP flows. The IP flows were taken from the CESNET-MINER22 dataset [1], which was created by monitoring national research and educational network CESNET2. Furthermore, we add two features ID_DEPENDENCY (string) and PERIODICITY_PROBA (double). ID_DEPENDENCY is an ID of a network dependency (see the article [2]) and the PERIODICITY_PROBA is the predicted probability by FTS analysis. The files from periodicity_features.zip contain periodic behavior features for Machine Learning. The files names are in format "{evaluation/design}.periodicity_features.{TIME_INTERVAL}.{SIG_SPACE}.{PER_LEVEL}.csv" and have the following format of columns:

id_dependency -- Identification of a network dependency observed as a Flow time series (FTS).
label -- The labels ("Miner" or "Other") of periodic FTS.
packet_value -- Value of Clear periodic behavior of the metric packet.
packet_value_x -- Value of the interval's lower value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric packets.
packet_value_y -- Value of the interval's upper value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric packets.
packet_mean -- Mean value of the metric packet.
packet_std -- Standard deviation value of the metric packet.
packet_skewness -- Skewness value of the metric packet.
packet_kurtosis -- Kurtosis value of the metric packet.
bytes_value -- Value of Clear periodic behavior of the metric bytes.
bytes_value_x -- Value of the interval's lower value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric bytes.
bytes_value_y -- Value of the interval's upper value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric bytes.
bytes_mean -- Mean value of the metric bytes.
bytes_std -- Standard deviation value of the metric bytes.
bytes_skewness -- Skewness value of the metric bytes.
bytes_kurtosis -- Kurtosis value of the metric bytes.
duration_value -- Value of Clear periodic behavior of the metric duration.
duration_value_x -- Value of the interval's lower value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric duration.
duration_value_y -- Value of the interval's upper value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric duration.
duration_mean -- Mean value of the metric duration.
duration_std -- Standard deviation value of the metric duration.
duration_skewness -- Skewness value of the metric duration.
duration_kurtosis -- Kurtosis value of the metric duration.
difftimes_value -- Value of Clear periodic behavior of the metric difftimes.
difftimes_value_x -- Value of the interval's lower value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric difftimes.
difftimes_value_y -- Value of the interval's upper value of Sinusoidal periodic behavior of the metric difftimes.
difftimes_mean -- Mean value of the metric difftimes.
difftimes_std -- Standard deviation value of the metric difftimes.
difftimes_skewness -- Skewness value of the metric difftimes.
difftimes_kurtosis -- Kurtosis value of the metric difftimes.
max_power -- Represent the maximum power of the LS periodogram.
max_frequency -- Describe the frequency of the maximum power of the LS periodogram.
min_power -- Represent the minimum power of the LS periodogram.
min_frequency -- Describe the frequency of the minimum power of the LS periodogram.
spectral_energy -- Represents the total energy present at all frequencies in LS periodogram.
spectral_entropy -- The degree of randomness or disorder in the LS periodogram.
spectral_kurtosis -- Indicates a nonstationary or non-Gaussian behavior in the power spectrum.
spectral_skewness -- The measure of peakedness or flatness of power spectrum.
spectral_rolloff -- It is defined as frequency below 85% of the distribution power.
spectral_cetroid -- Indicates at which frequency the energy of a spectrum is centered upon.
spectral_spread -- It is the difference between the highest and lowest frequency in the power spectrum.
spectral_slope -- The slope of the power spectrum trend in a given frequency range.
spectral_crest -- Refers to the rate of shift of the sign of a wave, which is the rate of change from negative to positive or the reverse.
spectral_flux -- The rate of change of periodogram power with increasing frequency.
spectral_bandwidth -- Describes the difference between upper and lower frequencies at which spectral energy is half its maximum value.
 
The files from time_series.zip contain FTS of used time interval. The file names are in format "{evaluation/design}.time_series.{TIME_INTERVAL}.csv" and have the following format of columns:

ID_DEPENDENCY -- Identification of a network dependency observed as a FTS.
N_FLOWS -- Number of flows in time series, i.e., number of data points.
N_PACKETS -- Number of packets in time series, i.e., the sum of metric PACKETS.
N_BYTES -- Number of bytes in time series, i.e., the sum of metric PACKETS.
PACKETS -- The array containing the time series metric number of packets in the IP flow.
BYTES -- The array containing the time series metric number of bytes in the IP flow.
START_TIMES -- The array containing the time series time axis of the flows starts.
END_TIMES -- The array containing the time series time axis of the flows ends.
LABELS -- The array of labels ("Miner" of "Other") of each datapoint.
 
[1] Richard Plný et al. CESNET-MINER22: Datasets of Cryptomining Communication. Zenodo, October 2022.
[2] Koumar, Josef, and Tomáš Čejka. "Network traffic classification based on periodic behavior detection." 2022 18th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). IEEE, 2022.
description: This research was funded by the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, grant No. VJ02010024: Flow-Based Encrypted Traffic Analysis and also by the Grant Agency of the CTU in Prague, grant No. SGS23/207/OHK3/3T/18 funded by the MEYS of the Czech Republic.