cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vb63
title: Data from: The role of phylogeny and ecology in shaping morphology in 21 genera and 127 species of Australo-Papuan myobatrachid frogs

description: Body shape is predicted to differ among species for functional reasons and
 in relation to environmental niche and phylogenetic history. We quantified
 morphological differences in shape and size among 98.5% of the 129 species
 and all 21 genera of the Australo-Papuan endemic myobatrachid frogs to
 test the hypothesis that habitat type predicts body shape in this
 radiation. We tested this hypothesis in a phylogenetic context at two
 taxonomic levels: across the entire radiation and within the four largest
 genera. Thirty-four external measurements were taken on 623 museum
 specimens representing 127 species. Data for seven key environmental
 variables relevant to anurans were assembled for all
 Australian-distributed species based on species' distributions and
 131,306 locality records. The Australo-Papuan myobatrachid radiation
 showed high diversity in adult body size, ranging from minute (15 mm
 snout–vent length) to very large species (92 mm), and shape, particularly
 sin relative limb length. Five main morphological and environmental
 summary variables displayed strong phylogenetic signal. There was no clear
 relationship between body size and environmental niche, and this result
 persisted following phylogenetic correction. For most species, there was a
 better match between environment/habitat and body shape, but this
 relationship did not persist following phylogenetic correction. At a broad
 level, species fell into three broad groups based on environmental niche
 and body shape: 1) species in wet habitats with relatively long limbs, 2)
 species in arid environments with relatively short limbs (many of which
 are forward or backward burrowers) and 3) habitat generalist species with
 a conservative body shape. However, these patterns were not repeated
 within the four largest genera − Crinia, Limnodynastes, Pseudophryne and
 Uperoleia. Each of these genera displayed a highly conservative anuran
 body shape, yet individual species were distributed across the full
 spectrum of Australian environments. Our results suggest that phylogenetic
 legacy is important in the evolution of body size and shape in Australian
 anurans, but also that the conservative body plan of many frogs works well
 in a wide variety of habitats.
description: Morphological &
 environmental datasetMyobatrachidae
 phylogenyMyobatMartaTreeTRUE.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5633
title: Data from: Associations between blooming plants and their bee visitors in a riparian ecosystem in eastern Oregon

description: Native bees are declining world-wide, but conserving or restoring their
 habitat requires a better understanding of bee-flower associations. High
 quality bee habitat includes flowers that provide pollen and nectar
 preferred by bees. However, little data exist about which plants are
 commonly used by bees in the Pacific Northwest, or whether bees prefer
 certain plant characteristics over others. We examined bee and plant
 communities in an Oregon riparian ecosystem. Our purpose was to describe
 bee-plant associations, determine which plants are most frequently visited
 by bees, identify plants that may be preferred by bees, and examine how a
 plant's native status, flower color, and floral morphology affect the
 types of bees visiting it. We found that many blooming plants received a
 diverse set of bee visitors, but some plants had a higher number and
 species richness of visiting bees than others. No plant species seemed
 limited to visitation by a small set of specialist bees. The number and
 type of visiting bees were not influenced by the plant's native
 status. However, flower morphology (but not color) significantly affected
 types of bees visiting plants. Bilaterally symmetrical and medium tubular
 flowers, with nectar and pollen typically more difficult to reach, were
 associated with larger bees with longer tongues, while smaller, easily
 accessible flowers attracted smaller bees with shorter tongues. Our
 results suggest that certain plants are particularly useful for supporting
 abundant and diverse bee communities, and increasing diversity in the
 morphology of blooming plants is a key factor to consider when restoring
 riparian areas for bee pollinators.
description: DryadBeePlantAssociationDataFINALThis file contains records of 692 native bee - flowering plant associations documented in 12 riparian sites along Meadow Creek in the USDA FS Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in eastern Oregon. Data were collected in 2014 and 2015. The dataset also includes data on flowering resource availability in the study area, with stem counts of each flowering forb or shrub on transects at all 12 sites. The type of bees collected on each individual plant species and the species richness of flowering forbs and shrubs on transects at all sites for each month of sampling for each year are also included.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0c5820
title: Data from: Removal of Cr6+ ions from water by electricosorption on modified activated carbon fibre felt

description: Electrosorption is a novel desalination technique that has many advantages
 in the treatment of sewage. However, commercially available activated
 carbon electrodes for electrosorption commonly have low microporosity,
 poor molding performance, and low adsorption and regeneration efficiency.
 Here we evaluated a novel adsorbent material, activated carbon fiber felt
 (ACFF), for electrosorption of chromium ions (Cr6+) in sewage treatment.
 The ACFF was modified with 20% nitric acid and its modified structure was
 characterized. The modified ACFF was used as an adsorbing electrode to
 investigate its desalination effect by electrosorption. Results showed
 that compared with those of unmodified ACFF, the modified ACFF had more
 carbonyl and carboxyl groups and the specific surface area, average pore
 size and micropore volume of the modified ACFF also improved by 32.2%,
 2.5%, and 23.1%, respectively. The kinetics of Cr6+ adsorption conformed
 to the pseudo-second order kinetic equation, and the adsorption isotherm
 conformed to the Langmuir model. In addition, the regeneration rate of the
 modified ACFF electrode was more than 94%. In conclusion, the modified
 ACFF exhibits excellent electrosorption and regeneration performance for
 Cr6+ removal from water and thus is of great value for promotion in sewage
 treatment.
description: datasets
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8g928
title: Data from: Genus-wide screening reveals four distinct types of structural plastid genome organization in Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)

description: Geraniaceae are known for their unusual plastid genomes (plastomes), with
 the genus Pelargonium being most conspicuous with regard to plastome size
 and gene organization as judged by the sequenced plastomes of P. x
 hortorum and P. alternans. However, the hybrid origin of P. x hortorum and
 the uncertain phylogenetic position of P. alternans obscure the events
 that led to these extraordinary plastomes. Here, we examine all plastid
 reconfiguration hotspots for 60 Pelargonium species across all subgenera
 using a PCR and sequencing approach. Our reconstruction of the
 rearrangement history revealed four distinct plastome types. The ancestral
 plastome configuration in the two subgenera Magnipetala and Pelargonium is
 consistent with that of the P. alternans plastome, whereas that of the
 subgenus Parvulipetala deviates from this organization by one
 synapomorphic inversion in the trnNGUU-ndhF region. The plastome of P. x
 hortorum resembles those of one group of the subgenus Paucisignata, but
 differs from a second group by another inversion in the psaI-psaJ region.
 The number of microstructural changes and amount of repetitive DNA are
 generally elevated in all inverted regions. Nucleotide substitution rates
 correlate positively with the number of indels in all regions across the
 different subgenera. We also observed lineage- and species-specific
 changes in the gene content, including gene duplications and
 fragmentations. For example, the plastid rbcL-psaI region of Pelargonium
 contains a highly variable accD-like region. Our results suggest
 alternative evolutionary paths under possibly changing modes of plastid
 transmission and indicate the non-functionalization of the plastid accD
 gene in Pelargonium.
description: AlignmentsAlignments and phylogenetic trees of evolutionary rate analysesMGR analysisInput and result files of genome rearrangement analysis with MGR.MGR_analysis.zipSSR and repeat analysisDetailed results of SSR and repeat analyses.SSRs_&_repeats.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.78vr9
title: Data from: Task specialization in two social spiders, Stegodyphus sarasinorum (Eresidae) and Anelosimus eximius (Theridiidae).

description: Understanding the social organization of group living organisms is crucial
 for the comprehension of the underlying selective mechanisms involved in
 the evolution of cooperation. Division of labour and caste formation is
 restricted to eusocial organisms, but behavioural asymmetries and
 reproductive skew is common in other group living animals. Permanently
 social spiders form highly related groups with reproductive skew and
 communal brood care. We investigated task differentiation in
 non-reproductive tasks in two permanently and independently derived social
 spider species asking the following questions: Do individual spiders vary
 consistently in their propensity to engage in prey attack? Are individual
 spiders’ propensities to engage in web maintenance behaviour influenced by
 their previous engagement in prey attack? Interestingly, we found that
 both species showed some degree of task specialization, but in distinctly
 different ways: Stegodyphus sarasinorum, showed behavioural asymmetries at
 the individual level, i.e. individual spiders that had attacked prey once
 were more likely to attack prey again, independent of their body size or
 hunger level. In contrast, Anelosimus eximius showed no individual
 specialization, but showed differentiation according to life stage, where
 adult and subadult females were more likely to engage in prey attack than
 were juveniles. We found no evidence for division of labour between prey
 attack and web maintenance. Different solutions to achieve task
 differentiation in prey attack for the two species studied here suggest an
 adaptive value of task specialization in foraging for social spiders.
description: Raw
 dataR
 scriptsData files for
 R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.99t5k4s
title: Data from: Phase transitions of antiferromagnetic Ising spins on the zigzag surface of an asymmetrical Husimi lattice

description: An asymmetrical 2D Ising model with a zigzag surface, created by
 diagonally cutting a regular square lattice, has been developed to
 investigate the thermodynamics and phase transitions on surface by the
 methodology of recursive lattice, which we have previously applied to
 study polymers near a surface. The model retains the advantages of simple
 formulation and exact calculation of the conventional Bethe-like lattices.
 An antiferromagnetic Ising model is solved on the surface of this lattice
 to evaluate thermal properties such as free energy, energy density and
 entropy, from which we have successfully identified a first order
 order-disorder transition other than the spontaneous magnetization, and a
 secondary transition on the supercooled state indicated by the Kauzmann
 paradox.
description: Solution and thermals on
 the zigzag recursive surface latticeThis file contains the
 data of general solutions, thermals, comparison to bulk, and two special
 cases.data.opjThe C code of calculations on the zigzag recursive surface latticeThis the C program code to calculate the solutions on the ZRSL.triangle_surface.cpp
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd741614
title: Data from: Decoupling of genetic and phenotypic divergence in a headwater landscape

description: In stream organisms, the landscape affecting intraspecific genetic and
 phenotypic divergence is comprised of two fundamental components: the
 stream network and terrestrial matrix. These components are known to
 differentially influence genetic structure in stream species, but, to our
 knowledge, no study has compared their effects on genetic and phenotypic
 divergence. We examined how the stream network and terrestrial matrix
 affect genetic and phenotypic divergence in two stream salamanders,
 Gyrinophilus porphyriticus and Eurycea bislineata, in the Hubbard Brook
 Watershed, New Hampshire, USA. Based on previous findings and differences
 in adult terrestriality, we predicted that genetic divergence and
 phenotypic divergence in body morphology would be correlated in both
 species, but structured primarily by distance along the stream network in
 G. porphyriticus, and by overland distance in E. bislineata. Surprisingly,
 spatial patterns of genetic and phenotypic divergence were not strongly
 correlated. Genetic divergence, based on AFLPs, increased with absolute
 geographic distance between sites. Phenotypic divergence was unrelated to
 absolute geographic distance, but related to relative stream vs. overland
 distances. In G. porphyriticus, phenotypic divergence was low when sites
 were close by stream distance alone and high when sites were close by
 overland distance alone. The opposite was true for E. bislineata. These
 results show that small differences in life history can produce large
 differences in patterns of intraspecific divergence, and the limitations
 of landscape genetic data for inferring phenotypic divergence. Our results
 also underscore the importance of explicitly comparing how terrestrial and
 aquatic conditions affect spatial patterns of divergence in species with
 biphasic life cycles.
description: Eurycea_bislineata_AFLP_DataAFLP data for Eurycea bislineata individuals at downstream and upstream sites in 6 streams in the Hubbard Brook Watershed, New Hampshire, USA.EB_DATA.xlsxGyrinophilus_porphyriticus_AFLP_DataAFLP data for Gyrinophilus porphyriticus individuals at downstream and upstream sites in 6 streams in the Hubbard Brook Watershed, New Hampshire, USA.GP_DATA.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pv28c
title: Data from: Contrasting genetic diversity patterns in two sister kelp species co-distributed along the coast of Brittany, France

description: We investigated patterns of genetic structure in two sister kelp species
 to explore how distribution width along the shore, zonation, latitudinal
 distribution and historical factors contribute to contrasting patterns of
 genetic diversity. We implemented a hierarchical sampling scheme to
 compare patterns of genetic diversity and structure in these two kelp
 species co-distributed along the coasts of Brittany (France) using a total
 of 12 microsatellites, 9 for Laminaria hyperborea and 11 for Laminaria
 digitata, of which 8 amplified in both species. The genetic diversity and
 connectivity of L. hyperborea populations was greater than that of L.
 digitata populations in accordance with the larger cross-shore
 distribution width along the coast and the greater depth occupied by L.
 hyperborea populations in contrast to L. digitata populations. In
 addition, marginal populations showed reduced genetic diversity and
 connectivity, which erased isolation-by-distance patterns in both species.
 As L. digitata encounters its southern range limit in southern Brittany
 while L. hyperborea extends down to mid-Portugal, it was possible to
 distinguish the effect of habitat continuity from range edge effects. We
 found that L. digitata did not harbour high regional diversity at its
 southern edge, as expected in a typical rear edge, suggesting that refuges
 from the last glacial maximum for L. digitata were probably not located in
 southern Brittany, but most likely further north. For both species, the
 highest levels of genetic diversity were found in the Iroise Sea and
 Morlaix Bay, the two regions in which they are being currently harvested.
 Preserving genetic diversity of these two foundation species in these
 areas should, thus, be a priority for the management of this resource in
 Brittany.
description: Microsatellite genotypes
 of Laminaria digitata individuals in GeneAlex formatTableS1_genotypes_Ld.xlsxMicrosatellite genotypes of Laminaria hyperborea individuals in GeneAlex formatTableS2_genotypes_Lh.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.md17d
title: Data from: Joint torques in a freely walking insect reveal distinct functions of leg joints in propulsion and posture control

description: Determining the mechanical output of limb joints is critical for
 understanding the control of complex motor behaviours such as walking. In
 the case of insect walking, the neural infrastructure for single-joint
 control is well described. However, a detailed description of the motor
 output in form of time-varying joint torques is lacking. Here, we
 determine joint torques in the stick insect to identify leg joint function
 in the control of body height and propulsion. Torques were determined by
 measuring whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces in freely
 walking animals. We demonstrate that despite strong differences in
 morphology and posture, stick insects show a functional division of joints
 similar to other insect model systems. Propulsion was generated by strong
 depression torques about the coxa-trochanter joint, not by retraction or
 flexion/extension torques. Torques about the respective thorax-coxa and
 femur-tibia joints were often directed opposite to fore-aft forces and
 joint movements. This suggests a posture-dependent mechanism that
 counteracts collapse of the leg under body load and directs the resultant
 force vector such that strong depression torques can control both body
 height and propulsion. Our findings parallel propulsive mechanisms
 described in other walking, jumping, and flying insects and challenge
 current control models of insect walking.
description: kinematics_dynamics_datasetMean time course data for individual stick insects, including single leg ground reaction forces (mN), joint angles (deg), joint torques (µNm), and joint powers (mW). Time courses are normalised to the duration of the stance phase. Leg 3, hind leg; leg 2, middle leg; leg 1, front leg.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v4hv
title: Data from: Seasonality in communication and collective decision-making in ants

description: The ability of animals to adjust their behaviour according to seasonal
 changes in their ecology is crucial for their fitness. Eusocial insects
 display strong collective behavioural seasonality, yet the mechanisms
 underlying such changes are poorly understood. We show that nest
 preference by emigrating Temnothorax albipennis ant colonies is influenced
 by a season-specific modulatory pheromone that may help tune
 decision-making according to seasonal constraints. The modulatory
 pheromone triggers aversion towards low-quality nests and enhances colony
 cohesion in summer and autumn, but not after overwintering—in agreement
 with reports that field colonies split in spring and reunite in summer.
 Interestingly, we show that the pheromone acts by downgrading the
 perceived value of marked nests by informed and naive individuals. This
 contrasts with theories of collective intelligence, stating that accurate
 collective decision-making requires independent evaluation of options by
 individuals. The violation of independence highlighted here was
 accordingly shown to increase error rate during emigrations. However, this
 is counterbalanced by enhanced cohesion and the transmission of valuable
 information through the colony. Our results support recent claims that
 optimal decisions are not necessarily those that maximize accuracy. Other
 criteria—such as cohesion or reward rate—may be more relevant in animal
 decision-making.
description: repository_datadata for all experiments
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gt3b1
title: Data from: Genetic structure and diversity of populations of polyploid Tibouchina pulchra Cogn. (Melastomataceae) under different environmental conditions in extremes of an elevational gradient

description: The genetic structure and diversity of plants may change significantly in
 an elevational gradient because different elevations regulate different
 ecological conditions. Several factors may influence genetic variation,
 such as mutations, selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. The aim of the
 present study was to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity of
 populations of Tibouchina pulchra Cogn. (Melastomataceae) trees in two
 extremes of an elevational gradient experiencing different environmental
 conditions. Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to measure the
 genetic diversity of 14 adult populations, whose structure was evaluated
 using frequentist and Bayesian analyses. We also carried out progeny
 structure and paternity analyses comparing the number of fathers of each
 progeny and the probability of the progeny genotypes to be the result of
 selfing in order to evaluate the possible current processes leading to
 such genetic structure. Genetic structure analyses indicated the existence
 of genetic differentiation between populations in adults and progenies,
 but with a contact interface between them. The population from the higher
 region showed smaller genetic diversity when compared to the population at
 the lower region. However, the pollen variability delivered to the stigmas
 at the higher region was not different from that of the lower region.
 These results may be explained by the dynamics of gene flow mediated by
 pollen, especially by the different amounts of pollination events in each
 region, as well as local adaptation, distribution, and reproduction
 characteristics of T. pulchra.
description: adults
 genotypesGenotypes of each
 Tibouchina pulchra adult plant. We sampled individuals occurring in 14
 distinct populations. First column refers to individual index comprising
 their “area” (P or S), their population (Alm—Almada; Cam— Camburi;
 Pro—Promirim; Pur—Puruba; Sed—Sede; Uba—Ubatumirim; Zer—Zero; Ent—Entrada;
 Faz—Fazenda; Kso—Km88; Kss—Km86; Mir—Mirante; Poc—Poço do Pito; Pos—Posto
 II) and number. Second column refers to the loci and 3rd to 6th column
 refers to the allele at that loci.progeny
 genotypesGenotypes of each
 Tibouchina pulchra progeny plant. We germinated seeds from adult
 individuals and sampled from ten to 21 progeny individuals when the
 seedlings reached a size enough to perform DNA extraction. First column
 refers to the family (fruit) that the seedlings belong. Second column
 describes the progeny index indicating the area (P or S), mother and
 direction of fruit collection. Third column refers to the loci and 4th to
 7th column refers to the allele at that loci.pointsGeographical information
 about each adult individual of Tibouchina pulchra.