cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.896623
title: The TA192A water stable isotope and chemical firn core records , Adélie Land, Antarctica

description: A new 21.3m firn core was drilled in 2015 at a coastal Antarctic high accumulation site in Adélie Land (66.78°S; 139.56°E, 602ma.s.l.). The core was dated by annual layers counting based on non-sea-salt sulfate and methanesulfonate summer peaks, refined by a comparison between the reconstructed surface mass balance (hereafter, SMB) and the closest available stake data. The mean reconstructed SMB of 75.2 ± 15.0cmw.e. y−1 is consistent with local stake data, and remarkably high for coastal East Antarctica. The resulting inter-annual and sub-annual variations in isotopic records (δ18O and deuterium excess, hereafter d-excess) are explored for 1998–2014 and are systematically compared with a couple of climatic time series: an updated database of Antarctic surface snow isotopic composition, SMB stake data, meteorological observations from Dumont d'Urville station, sea-ice concentration based on passive microwave satellite data, precipitation outputs of atmospheric reanalyses, climate and water stable isotope outputs from the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5-wiso, as well as air mass origins diagnosed using 5-days back-trajectories.The mean isotopic values (−19.3 ± 3.1‰ for δ18O and 5.4 ± 2.2‰ for d-excess) are consistent with other coastal Antarctic values. No significant isotope-temperature relationship can be evidenced at any timescale, ruling out a simple interpretation of in terms of local temperature. An observed asymmetry in the δ18O seasonal cycle may be explained by the precipitation of air masses coming from Indian and Pacific/West Antarctic Ice Sheet sectors in autumn and winter times, recorded in the d-excess signal showing outstanding values in austral spring versus autumn. Significant positive trends are observed in the annual d-excess record and local sea-ice extent (135°E–145°E) over the period 1998–2014.However, processes studies focusing on resulting isotopic compositions and particularly the d-excess-δ18O relationship, evidenced as a potential fingerprint of moisture origins, as well as the collection of more isotopic measurements in Adélie Land are needed for an accurate interpretation of our signals.
description: The TA192A core is a 21.3 m firn core drilled in 2015 at a coastal Antarctic high accumulation site in Adélie Land (66.78 °S; 139.56 °E, 602 m a.s.l.). Chemical elements, i.e. sulfate and methane sulfonic acid , as well as water stable isotope (δ18O and deutérium excess) were analysed at a 4 cm snow equivalent resolution. Non-sea-salt summer and winter sulfate were computed based on Jourdain et Legrand (2002). Records are given in function of firn core depth (in cm w.e.), and time.
description: Supplement to: Goursaud, Sentia; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Favier, Vincent; Preunkert, Suzanne; Legrand, Michel; Minster, Bénédicte; Werner, Martin (2019): Challenges associated with the climatic interpretation of water stable isotope records from a highly resolved firn core from Adélie Land, coastal Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 13(4), 1297-1324
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.748834
title: Meteorological observations during El Colon cruise from La Coruña to La Habana started at 1766-10-10
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.774746
title: ADCP current meter data from mooring TR_LF_ADCP_6 at Tisler Cold-Water Coral Reef, Norway
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.753572
title: (Appendix 4) Grain size distribution of sediments from ODP Hole 112-686B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.774529
title: Physical oceanography from mooring MOOR1NW at Tisler Cold-Water Coral Reef, Norway
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.484491
title: Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples at station SAVE3/129-1

description: This data sets is part of a compilation by James Swift for the Java OceanAtlas software. Data are from various pre-WOCE sources, mainly with contributions and quality control from Joseph Reid (SIO) and NODC.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.747380
title: Meteorological observations during AMSTERDAM cruise from London to New York started at 1853-07-18
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.713496
title: Sulphate reduction rates of sediment core VKGMTB6
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674699
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Lerwick (2005-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751243
title: Meteorological observations during POCOCK cruise from Spithead to Trincomalee started at 1759-04-02
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.919803
title: (Supplement 3) Spectral albedo and diffuse fraction data (at local noon) in the ground-based spectral radiometer system for albedo and flux (GSAF)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.751711
title: Meteorological observations during RAYMOND cruise from St. Helena to Bombay started at 1783-07-11
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.783811
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at station Barrow (1992-04)

description: Version 2, 2012-06-07
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.913769
title: Living planktonic foraminifera concentrations of plankton tows in the Barents Sea
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.907010
title: (Supplement 4) Ice nucleating particles at cloud level at the Monte Verde, São Vicente island
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.900524
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Goodwin Creek (2017-09)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.757182
title: (Table 1) Organic chemistry of sediments of ODP Site 117-723

description: Ages are calculated on biostratigraphical and magnetostratigraphical data from the shipboard party (1989, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.117.110.1989).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.907012
title: (Supplement 5) Ice nucleating particles at the air surface microlayer at the Ocean Station, Cape Verde
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.722990
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Rock Springs (2001-12)

description: Version 2, 2009-06-26
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.752004
title: Meteorological observations during SCEPTRE cruise from Plymouth to Madras started at 1803-06-30
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.737064
title: (Figure 6) Mass accumulation rates of calcium carbonate in sediments of ODP Site 175-1085
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.912582
title: Compilation of stable water isotopes in Indian Rivers

description: This dataset is a compilation of δ18O and δD values in river surface waters of Indian Rivers reported in the literature (n=399) in the pre-monsoon and monsoon season. This includes the Coastal Rivers draining the Western Ghats into the Arabian Sea, Peninsular Rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal and Himalayan Rivers with the major Indus and Ganges River.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668187
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2003-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.805005
title: (Table 2) Stratigraphic marker taxa in ODP Hole 162-985A sediments

description: The rich and diverse dinocyst assemblages in Cores 162-985A-32X through 62X confirm the importance of these microfossils in unraveling the evolution of the Norwegian Sea. Cosmopolitan taxa, with well-documented stratigraphic ranges in northwest Europe, indicate the following ages: Sections 162-985A-62X-1 through 51X-2, Rupelian (early Oligocene); 50X-5, Oligocene, possibly Chattian; 48X-6, Aquitanian? (early Miocene); 48X-4 through 37X-5, Aquitanian (early Miocene); and 36X-5 through 32X-1, Burdigalian (early Miocene). This stratigraphic interpretation suggests that a major hiatus, which can be correlated with an apparently coeval hiatus at Site 643, occurs within the Chattian at Site 985. Several endemic dinocyst taxa with unusual morphology and restricted stratigraphic occurrences are present in Hole 985A and other Norwegian Sea sites, especially Site 643. By using Hole 985A data for control, the Oligocene-Miocene sediments can be correlated with some degree of confidence in the Norwegian Basin.
description: Supplement to: Williams, Graham L; Manum, Svein B (1999): Oligocene-early Miocene dinocyst stratigraphy of Hole 985A (Norwegian Sea). In: Raymo, ME; Jansen, E; Blum, P; Herbert, TD (eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 162, 1-11
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.725438
title: (Appendix 1) Chemistry of marine surface sediments from Site TT013_63
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.900554
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Goodwin Creek (2018-12)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668195
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2004-04)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.688699
title: Maximum and mean diameter record of Orbulina universa from DSDP Hole 47-397 of Cape Bojador, eastern North Atlantic

description: Measurements of the diameter of O. universa carried out on 30 specimens from 39 samples covering a sediment thickness of 78 m and going back in time to approximately 750 000 y resulted in the construction of a curve of the mean diameter and a curve of the maximum diameter. Both curves, as well as those calculated with the running-averages technique, display cyclic fluctuations with durations of the order of 100 000 y and downwards decreasing amplitudes. These curves are compared with a carbonate curve (on bulk sediment) and an isotopic curve (on benthic foraminifers) obtained from the same set of samples. Correlations are fair to good, but a timelag is noticed between the isotopic curve and the faunal (O. universa mean diameter) curve, with the isotopic signal coming first, in the middle part of the Brunhes Epoch. Biostratigraphic calibration to the paleomagnetic record is provided by four datum planes (two based on calcareous nannofossils, two on diatoms) identified in the succession. Changes recorded in test porosity seem to be less meaningful than changes in test size.
description: Thirty specimens of O. universa were picked from each sample, size fraction &gt;200 µm
description: Supplement to: Colombo, Maria Rosa; Cita, Maria Bianca (1980): Changes in size and test porosity of Orbulina universa d´Orbigny in the Pleistocene record of Cape Bojador (DSDP Site 397, eastern North Atlantic). Marine Micropaleontology, 5, 13-29
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.615924
title: Length composition of the catch of Loxechinus albus in different harbours in June 1996, Region XII, Puerto Natales, Chile
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.845240
title: Station list and links to master tracks in different resolutions of HEINCKE cruise HE395/1, Bremerhaven - Bremerhaven, 2013-03-05 - 2013-03-14
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668224
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2006-09)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.695459
title: Monthly production of alginate, Chile, 1998
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.610046
title: Carbonate content of sediment core PRGL2-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.875318
title: Sea ice drift, surface temperature, and barometric pressure from autonomous measurements from buoy 2015P11, deployed during POLARSTERN cruise PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3)

description: Sea ice drift, surface temperature, and barometric pressure were measured by Surface Velocity Profiler 2015P11 drifting on Arctic sea ice. The buoy was deployed on first year ice without drogue during POLARSTERN cruise PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3). The time series describes the position and additional parameters of the buoy between 13 Sep 2015 and 30 Jun 2016 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The data set has been processed, including the removal of obvious inconsistencies (missing values).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668196
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2004-05)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668209
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2005-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.708202
title: (Table 2) Chemical composition of protolith samples from ODP Hole 118-735B
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.757033
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Sede Boqer (2010-08)

description: Start location: Bet-Dagan,Israel; Distance from radiation site: 120 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.826441
title: Gamma ray attenuation bulk density from IODP Hole 329-U1367D

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.826434
title: P-Wave velocity (PWC) from IODP Hole 329-U1367C

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.752748
title: Meteorological observations during Vliegende Faam cruise from Middelburg to Guinee started at 1772-09-30
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.752527
title: Meteorological observations during TROMP cruise from Nore to Barbados started at 1800-07-22
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.826438
title: Thermal conductivity of IODP Hole 329-U1367C

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.756864
title: Expanded measurements from station Lindenberg (2004-01)

description: 99999: No clouds detected
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.773922
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Camborne (2007-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.759220
title: Physical oceanography during OCEANIA cruise Oceania99
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.805162
title: (Table 4) Content of hopanoid hydrocarbons in ODP Hole 162-985A sediments
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842928
title: Temperature tolerance of western Baltic Sea Fucus vesiculosus – Post Culture
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.712731
title: (Table A4) Composition of coarse fraction of sediment core POS158/1_0005/1

description: Components of coarse fraction (125-500 µm) in grain percentages
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.758881
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Carpentras (2003-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.873051
title: Abundance and biomass of Krill around Iceland during BS03-2013 in May 2013
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846089
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Carpentras (2015-04)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-09.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.758867
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Camborne (2003-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.674052
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Camborne (2002-01)

description: Start location: Denver, Colorado, USA; Distance from radiation site: 30 km
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.610045
title: Carbonate content of sediment core PRGL1-4
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.715933
title: Grain size analysis and geochemistry of soil profile 7140-105

description: values &lt;0.1 are traces
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.839956
title: Snow height on sea ice and sea ice drift from autonomous measurements from buoy 2013S7, deployed during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIX/6 (PS81)

description: Snow height was measured by the Snow Depth Buoy 2013S7, an autonomous platform, drifting on Antarctic sea ice, deployed during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIX/6 (PS81). The resulting time series describes the evolution of snow height as a function of place and time between 06 Jul 2013 and 13 Sep 2013 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The Snow Depth Buoy consists of four independent sonar measurements representing the area (approx. 10 m**2) around the buoy. The buoy was installed on first year ice. In addition to snow height, geographic position (GPS), barometric pressure, air temperature, and ice surface temperature were measured. Negative values of snow height occur if surface ablation continues into the sea ice. Thus, these measurements describe the position of the sea ice surface relative to the original snow-ice interface. Differences between single sensors indicate small-scale variability of the snow pack around the buoy. The data set has been processed, including the removal of obvious inconsistencies (missing values). Records without any snow height may still be used for sea ice drift analyses.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.759132
title: Hydrochemistry measured on water bottle samples during Bjarni Saemundsson cruise B02/99
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.901111
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Rock Springs (2018-11)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828538
title: Natural gamma radiation from IODP Hole 323-U1343A

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828983
title: P-Wave velocity (PWL) from IODP Hole 339-U1386B

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.869034
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Fort Peck (2013-12)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-03.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.829000
title: Reflectance spectroscopy and colorimetry from IODP Hole 339-U1385A

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.869276
title: Radiosonde measurements from station Lindenberg (2008-10)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.759355
title: Basic and other measurements of radiation at Neumayer Station (2007-03)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.869028
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Fort Peck (2013-10)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-03.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.747253
title: Meteorological observations during AJAX cruise from Batavia to Soerabaja started at 1834-04-29
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828909
title: Pass-through measurements of magnetic susceptibility from IODP Hole 339-U1389D

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828627
title: Thermal conductivity of IODP Hole 323-U1343E

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.859571
title: (Table S1) Sedimentology on sediment core PG-Kit-43
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.736300
title: Expanded measurements from station Lindenberg (2001-07), Version 1

description: 99999: No clouds detected; Version 1 with some values missing at 10000m CBH, please use new version (see "Replaced by" reference)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843953
title: Kinematic measurements on Yamana inner perimeter, King Georg Island, Antarctica

description: Start: 17:50 (GMT) Round AnticlockwiseReference/base station: Jubany Dall2 (permanent GPS, Trimbel 4000SSI, 1 sec. interval). Data from the Dallmann permanent GPS station is proprietary of AWI and IAA. Antenna height: 1.92 mObservers: Ulrike Falk, Hilke Gieseke and Hernan Sala
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.670815
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Lerwick (2003-09)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.714868
title: (Table 2) 40Ar/39Ar analyses of ODP Hole 176-735B

description: AGE is the calculated age. (39Ar/37Ar)Ca=0.00074, (36Ar/37Ar)Ca=0.00021, (38Ar/39Ar)K=0.01077, (40Ar/39Ar)K=0.02622, (40Ar/39Ar)K=0.02622
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.798089
title: Ozone measurements from station Izaña (2012-10)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.832183
title: (Table 1) Summary of sedimentation rates and δ¹⁸O mean values of ODP Site 172-1058

description: DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] is given in mcd.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.708191
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Carpentras (2006-07)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.748230
title: Hydrography on standard level calculated from water bottle samples of POSEIDON in 1971
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.668851
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Carpentras (2000-01)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.708192
title: Basic measurements of radiation at station Carpentras (2006-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.817733
title: (Table 1) Suspected gas hydrate occurrence on DSDP Leg 66 Holes

description: Evidence for naturally occurring methane hydrates was collected at three drill sites off the southern Mexico continental margin. The hydrates are manifested either by ice inclusions or, more often, as frozen porous volcanic ash and fine sands interlayered with muds. Gas generation from the ice inclusions and interstitial water of the frozen sediment was as high as about 7 ml of gas/ml of water. One large sample immediately placed in a sealed container released about 20 ml of gas/ml of water. All of these values are higher than may be accounted for by gas solubility at in situ conditions. Measured thermal gradients place the bottom-simulating reflection (BSR) in this area very near the phase boundary for the methane hydrate system. This is consistent with earlier interpretations that the BSR is related to the hydrate/gas phase boundary.
description: Sediment depth is given in mbsf. H2S was not detected in any of the samples.
description: Supplement to: Shipley, Thomas H; Didyk, Borys M (1982): Occurrence of methane hydrates offshore southern Mexico. In: Watkins, JS; Casey Moore, J; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 66, 547-555
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.496808
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise K58XXB_1932
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.497009
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise M90BY00025B_1984
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.818982
title: (Table 4) Gas analyses at DSDP Leg 64 Holes

description: Sediment depth is given in mbsf. Gas was extracted from canned samples and from head space in cans. On average, 60% of the gas comes from the head space. There is little or no compositional difference between the gas from the head space and that from the samples. Head space gases only were analyzed for Samples 447-20-2 and 479-22-7.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.711156
title: (Supp. Fig.) Clay mineral content of sediment core JR104-GC365
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.494826
title: Physical oceanography during cruise U58X001285C
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.829298
title: Reflectance spectroscopy and colorimetry from IODP Hole 340-U1396C

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.755801
title: (Table 1f) Concentrations of urea nitrogen in seawater at Station AK22-1925
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.828959
title: Natural gamma radiation from IODP Hole 339-U1389D

description: Geocode = Depth CSF-A (m)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.681413
title: Radiosonde measurements from Georg-von-Neumayer Station (1990-10)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.869025
title: Ultra-violet measurements from station Fort Peck (2013-09)

description: UV-b values were originally given in mW/m² and then erroneously imported in W/m² using the same numbers. The numbers have been corrected (divided by 1000) on 2017-02-03.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.869017
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Fort Peck (2013-06)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.864833
title: Other measurements at 10 m from station Sioux Falls (2011-02)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.497249
title: Physical oceanography from BT during cruise M90TCB_1989
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.900734
title: (Supplemental Materials, Table 10) Temperature data (Sensor 768602) recorded from December 2013 (deployed on AT26-09) to December 2014 (Recovered on AT26-24) at Marker M on Dorado Outcrop
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.495563
title: Water temperature MBT profiles from cruise U7426223M_1950
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.707639
title: Meteorological synoptical observations from station Payerne (2003-08)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.748065
title: Hydrography on standard level calculated from water bottle samples of RV Capitan Armand in 1963
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.913979
title: Surface oceanographic data (TSG) during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM23

description: Temp Sensor ID 1 = Reinseewassersystem MC1tr Spot °CTemp Correction 1 = -0.00057407Temp Uncertainty 1 = +/-0.0054041Temp Sensor ID 2 = Reinseewassersystem MC2tr Spot °CTemp Correction 2 = -0.0052833Temp Uncertainty 2 = +/-0.0056162Temp Sensor ID 3 = Reinseewassersystem MC1ti Spot °CTemp Correction 3 = -1.1325Temp Uncertainty 3 = +/-0.27069Temp Sensor ID 4 = Reinseewassersystem MC2ti Spot °CTemp Correction 4 = -1.749Temp Uncertainty 4 = +/-0.0044523Salt Sensor ID 1 = Reinseewassersystem MC1S Spot psuSalt Correction 1 = 0.042619Salt Uncertainty 1 = +/-0.0046309Salt Sensor ID 2 = Reinseewassersystem MC2S Spot psuSalt Correction 2 = -0.047783Salt Uncertainty 2 = +/-0.0021236Chla Sensor ID 2 = Reinseewassersystem MC2ChlA Spot µg/IChla Correction 2 = 0Chla Uncertainty 2 = +/-0.0044974The above calibrations have been added to the raw data. The data has been compared with CTD data from 5 dbar.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.817016
title: (Table 2) Major element composition of DSDP Sample 70-504B-36-1,91-110

description: The nine laboratories are the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow (VIG), the Department of Geology and Geography, University of Alabama (ALA), the Centre Océanologique de Bretagne, Brest, France (COB), the Institut für Petrographie und Geochemie der Universitàt Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany (UKAR), the Department of Geology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (UNUT), the Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Moscow (IGOD), the Institut Dolomieu, Université de Grenoble, France (UGRE), and the Centre de Sédimentologie et Géochimie de la Surface, Strasbourg, France (CSGS).