cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283354
title: USE OF AMAZONIAN SPECIES FOR AGING DISTILLED BEVERAGES: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WOOD ANALYSIS

description: The process of storing liquor in wooden barrels is a practice that aims to improve the sensory characteristics, such as color, aroma and flavor, of the beverage. The quality of the liquor stored in these barrels depends on wood characteristics such as density, permeability, chemical composition, anatomy, besides the wood heat treatment used to fabricate the barrels. Brazil has a great diversity of forests, mainly in the north, in the Amazon. This region is home to thousands of tree species, but is limited to the use of only a few native species to store liquors. The objective of this study was to determine some of the physical and chemical characteristics for four Amazon wood species. The results obtained in this study will be compared with others from woods that are traditionally used for liquor storage. The species studied were angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) cumarurana (Dipteryx polyphylla (Huber) Ducke), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and louro-vermelho (Nectandra rubra (Mez) CK Allen). The trees were collected from Precious Woods Amazon Company forest management area, in Silves, Amazonas. Analyzes such as: concentration of extractives, lignin amount, percentage of minerals (ash) and tannin content, density, elemental analysis (CHNS-O) and thermal analysis were done. It was observed that the chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose) and elemental analysis (percentage of C, H, N and O) of the woods have significant differences. The jatobá wood presented higher tannin content, and in the thermal analysis, was that which had the lowest mass loss.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283356
title: SPATIAL CONTINUITY OF DENDROMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS IN CLONAL CULTIVATED EUCALYPTUS SP. TRHOUGHOUT THE TIME

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial continuity of the dendrometric characteristics average dominant height, volume and mean annual increment, throughout five different continuous ages. The experimental area was planted in 2003, accounting for 1,072.6 hectares. The data sets were derived from 116 permanent plots where successive forest inventory was carried out between 2006 and 2010. Using least squares weighted method, spherical, exponential and gaussian semivariogram models were fitted to the experimental semivariogram. To select the best model, reduced average error and standard deviation of the mean reduced error were analyzed. The spatial continuity assessment at along the time was carried out by comparison of the scaled semivariograms plotted considering the data sets from each age. Exponential semivariogram model has presented the best fitting and all the dendrometric characteristics has presented spatial continuity. The evaluated models were similar for each age and the studied characteristics as well. The results obtained with this study show that the use of geostatistical procedures to evaluate the growth of the trees throughout the time is an important planning tool, allowing a better management and prediction of wood volume in the forest.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283363
title: WOOD CHARACTERIZATION OF ADULT CLONES OF TECTONA GRANDIS GROWING IN COSTA RICA

description: ABSTRACT Tectona grandis is an important wood in the commercial market due to its excellent workability, durability and aesthetic characteristics. Therefore, it is important to improve the conditions of reproduction and development in commercial plantations using clone reproduction, in order to produce trees with better wood quality. In this study we analyzed the general properties, physical properties and color of 20 adult teak clones (fifteen-year-old) from the area of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It was found that at 15 years, the clones have a diameter which varies from 19.82 cm to 30.13 cm, the percentage of heartwood ranges from 49.76 to 60.02%, and that these values are similar to those found in the literature. In regards to the physical properties, it was found that the specific gravity ranges from 0.45 to 0.60 g.cm-3, the green moisture content varies from 70% to 110.6%. In the color properties, it was found that L* values ranged from 48 to 59, a* 7 to 9.5 and b * from 20.5 to 26.3. Likewise it was determined that the color change (ΔE*) compared to commercial wood color, is commonly categorized as perceptible in all clones. However, three of the clones studied have a darker color and reddish wood which indicates a color more desirable to the end user.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283354.v1
title: USE OF AMAZONIAN SPECIES FOR AGING DISTILLED BEVERAGES: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WOOD ANALYSIS

description: The process of storing liquor in wooden barrels is a practice that aims to improve the sensory characteristics, such as color, aroma and flavor, of the beverage. The quality of the liquor stored in these barrels depends on wood characteristics such as density, permeability, chemical composition, anatomy, besides the wood heat treatment used to fabricate the barrels. Brazil has a great diversity of forests, mainly in the north, in the Amazon. This region is home to thousands of tree species, but is limited to the use of only a few native species to store liquors. The objective of this study was to determine some of the physical and chemical characteristics for four Amazon wood species. The results obtained in this study will be compared with others from woods that are traditionally used for liquor storage. The species studied were angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) cumarurana (Dipteryx polyphylla (Huber) Ducke), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and louro-vermelho (Nectandra rubra (Mez) CK Allen). The trees were collected from Precious Woods Amazon Company forest management area, in Silves, Amazonas. Analyzes such as: concentration of extractives, lignin amount, percentage of minerals (ash) and tannin content, density, elemental analysis (CHNS-O) and thermal analysis were done. It was observed that the chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose) and elemental analysis (percentage of C, H, N and O) of the woods have significant differences. The jatobá wood presented higher tannin content, and in the thermal analysis, was that which had the lowest mass loss.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283359
title: MODELING THE OCCURRENCE OF COHORTS IN THE DIAMETRIC STRUCTURE OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

description: Studies concerning the diameter structure are essential for understanding the development of native forests, provide growth and yield parameters sufficient to generate estimates that support sustainable management. However, the mathematical modeling of probability functions, such as density, becomes difficult to implement in multi-modal distributions, found in forest species and communities. The species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, of social, environmental and economic features, presents multimodal distribution pattern forming units called demographic cohorts, which arise due to natural and anthropogenic agents that operate in niches. Therefore, taking inventory database of trees with a diameter at breast height equal to or greater than 9.5 cm (DBH≥9.5 cm), from the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, RS, it was possible to test different probability density functions. The best fit to the data series consists of a truncated polynomial function of seventh degree, which besides maintaining fitted values very close to those observed for total and diameter classes, maintained the multimodal distribution characteristic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283363.v1
title: WOOD CHARACTERIZATION OF ADULT CLONES OF TECTONA GRANDIS GROWING IN COSTA RICA

description: ABSTRACT Tectona grandis is an important wood in the commercial market due to its excellent workability, durability and aesthetic characteristics. Therefore, it is important to improve the conditions of reproduction and development in commercial plantations using clone reproduction, in order to produce trees with better wood quality. In this study we analyzed the general properties, physical properties and color of 20 adult teak clones (fifteen-year-old) from the area of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It was found that at 15 years, the clones have a diameter which varies from 19.82 cm to 30.13 cm, the percentage of heartwood ranges from 49.76 to 60.02%, and that these values are similar to those found in the literature. In regards to the physical properties, it was found that the specific gravity ranges from 0.45 to 0.60 g.cm-3, the green moisture content varies from 70% to 110.6%. In the color properties, it was found that L* values ranged from 48 to 59, a* 7 to 9.5 and b * from 20.5 to 26.3. Likewise it was determined that the color change (ΔE*) compared to commercial wood color, is commonly categorized as perceptible in all clones. However, three of the clones studied have a darker color and reddish wood which indicates a color more desirable to the end user.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283359.v1
title: MODELING THE OCCURRENCE OF COHORTS IN THE DIAMETRIC STRUCTURE OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

description: Studies concerning the diameter structure are essential for understanding the development of native forests, provide growth and yield parameters sufficient to generate estimates that support sustainable management. However, the mathematical modeling of probability functions, such as density, becomes difficult to implement in multi-modal distributions, found in forest species and communities. The species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, of social, environmental and economic features, presents multimodal distribution pattern forming units called demographic cohorts, which arise due to natural and anthropogenic agents that operate in niches. Therefore, taking inventory database of trees with a diameter at breast height equal to or greater than 9.5 cm (DBH≥9.5 cm), from the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, RS, it was possible to test different probability density functions. The best fit to the data series consists of a truncated polynomial function of seventh degree, which besides maintaining fitted values very close to those observed for total and diameter classes, maintained the multimodal distribution characteristic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283360
title: TREE ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS IN MIXED FOREST PLANTATIONS FOR THE RESTORATION OF SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST

description: Aiming to overcome the lack of knowledge about precise estimation of wood production potential of forest restoration systems, the objective of this study is modeling allometric relationships of nine tree species in alternative models of seasonal semideciduous forest restoration. The models fitted well to the data with satisfactory distribution of the residuals. The height-diameter relationship was best modeled by the Stoeffles model and the volume equations had the best fit with the Schumacher-Hall model, for many species. The equations obtained will be used in future studies of management and conservation of these plantations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283365
title: MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN MATURE SEEDLINGS OF KHAYA IVORENSIS STUDIED IN NURSERY

description: ABSTRACT African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) is a high value forest species and of great potential to replace the brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). Currently, little is known about the nutritional requirements of African mahogany. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth and mineral composition K. ivorensis plants submitted to the omission of macro and micronutrients. For this, we carried out a experiment with nutrient solution with the following treatments: T1-Complete Solution; T2-omission of nitrogen; T3-omission of phosphorus; T4-omission of potassium; T5-omission of calcium; T6-omission of magnesium; T7-omission of sulfur; T8-omission of iron; T9-omission of boron; T10-omission of copper; T11-omission of manganese; T12-omission of zinc; T13-omission of molybdenum; and T14-deionized water. The evaluations were carried out based on commercial seedlings ready for planting, which remained in a greenhouse, irrigated only with deionized water. After fifteen days, the plants started to receive 200 ml of nutrient solution daily. The experimental design used was completely randomized with fourteen treatments and ten replications. The dendrological data were collected every fifteen days until they became well defined. The plants had their growth affected only by the omission of N, showing smaller contents of the element in the leaves. The omissions of the other nutrients only slightly affected the growth of plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283365.v1
title: MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN MATURE SEEDLINGS OF KHAYA IVORENSIS STUDIED IN NURSERY

description: ABSTRACT African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) is a high value forest species and of great potential to replace the brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). Currently, little is known about the nutritional requirements of African mahogany. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth and mineral composition K. ivorensis plants submitted to the omission of macro and micronutrients. For this, we carried out a experiment with nutrient solution with the following treatments: T1-Complete Solution; T2-omission of nitrogen; T3-omission of phosphorus; T4-omission of potassium; T5-omission of calcium; T6-omission of magnesium; T7-omission of sulfur; T8-omission of iron; T9-omission of boron; T10-omission of copper; T11-omission of manganese; T12-omission of zinc; T13-omission of molybdenum; and T14-deionized water. The evaluations were carried out based on commercial seedlings ready for planting, which remained in a greenhouse, irrigated only with deionized water. After fifteen days, the plants started to receive 200 ml of nutrient solution daily. The experimental design used was completely randomized with fourteen treatments and ten replications. The dendrological data were collected every fifteen days until they became well defined. The plants had their growth affected only by the omission of N, showing smaller contents of the element in the leaves. The omissions of the other nutrients only slightly affected the growth of plants.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/oiajvo/ub7hgc
title: snow_specific_area.tif

description: SICE version: Cloud removed, PPGC, SNAP7, pySICEv1.4
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283360.v1
title: TREE ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS IN MIXED FOREST PLANTATIONS FOR THE RESTORATION OF SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST

description: Aiming to overcome the lack of knowledge about precise estimation of wood production potential of forest restoration systems, the objective of this study is modeling allometric relationships of nine tree species in alternative models of seasonal semideciduous forest restoration. The models fitted well to the data with satisfactory distribution of the residuals. The height-diameter relationship was best modeled by the Stoeffles model and the volume equations had the best fit with the Schumacher-Hall model, for many species. The equations obtained will be used in future studies of management and conservation of these plantations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283369
title: NUTRIENT ALLOCATION IN Eucalyptus saligna Sm. STANDS IN THE REGION OF GUAÍBA - RIO GRANDE DO SUL

description: ABSTRACT This research conducted in Eucalyptus saligna Sm. stands, between 2 and 7 years of age, in the region of Guaíba - RS, had as objective: to estimate the nutrients stock in the biomass. On the basis of the forest inventory, trees of medium diameter were collected and fractionated in leaf, branch, bark, wood and root. The accumulated litter was evaluated with sampling units of 1 m2. Samples of arboreal components and litter were collected to estimate the dry matter and nutritional content. Nutrients stock was obtained through the product between the average biomass of each component and the average concentration of nutrients. For the average of stands, the stock of nutrients showed the following order of accumulation, for biomass components: wood &gt; root &gt; leaf &gt; bark &gt; branch; and for nutrients: Ca &gt; N &gt; K &gt; Mg &gt; P.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283366
title: GENETIC VARIATION FOR THE SILVICULTURE CARACTER IN THREE ARBOREOUS SPECIES OF THE SOUTH BOLSÃO REGION IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRASIL

description: ABSTRACT The present study aimed at evaluating genetically the best progenies ofMyracrodruon urundeuva, Astronium fraxinifolium e Terminalia argentea from Selvíria, MS, concerning their growing traits. The progeny test was performed by outlining randomized blocks with 28 treatments, 4 repetitions and 10 plants per plot in single rows at 1.5 x 3.0 spacing. At 14 years of age, the progenies were evaluated concerning the traits: height (ALT, m); diameter of the height (DAP, cm); average diameter of the top (DMC, cm); trunk shape (FT), grade scale, ranging from 1 to 5, and survival (SOB, %). The average herdability for the traits studied is considered from medium to highs magnitudes (0.67; 0.57 e 0.83) for DAP, DMC e trunk shape, respectively. More expressive outcomes were obtained from the average of progenies (9.42; 9.40 e 12.83) for DAP, respectively, which indicates that the selection can be effective using such information, not only from the families but also from the individuals for native progenies from the region which indicates a good perspective of genetic variability to be exploited along a genetic breeding program for the studied species and the establishment of strategies for future formation of a seed orchard.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283366.v1
title: GENETIC VARIATION FOR THE SILVICULTURE CARACTER IN THREE ARBOREOUS SPECIES OF THE SOUTH BOLSÃO REGION IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRASIL

description: ABSTRACT The present study aimed at evaluating genetically the best progenies ofMyracrodruon urundeuva, Astronium fraxinifolium e Terminalia argentea from Selvíria, MS, concerning their growing traits. The progeny test was performed by outlining randomized blocks with 28 treatments, 4 repetitions and 10 plants per plot in single rows at 1.5 x 3.0 spacing. At 14 years of age, the progenies were evaluated concerning the traits: height (ALT, m); diameter of the height (DAP, cm); average diameter of the top (DMC, cm); trunk shape (FT), grade scale, ranging from 1 to 5, and survival (SOB, %). The average herdability for the traits studied is considered from medium to highs magnitudes (0.67; 0.57 e 0.83) for DAP, DMC e trunk shape, respectively. More expressive outcomes were obtained from the average of progenies (9.42; 9.40 e 12.83) for DAP, respectively, which indicates that the selection can be effective using such information, not only from the families but also from the individuals for native progenies from the region which indicates a good perspective of genetic variability to be exploited along a genetic breeding program for the studied species and the establishment of strategies for future formation of a seed orchard.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283369.v1
title: NUTRIENT ALLOCATION IN Eucalyptus saligna Sm. STANDS IN THE REGION OF GUAÍBA - RIO GRANDE DO SUL

description: ABSTRACT This research conducted in Eucalyptus saligna Sm. stands, between 2 and 7 years of age, in the region of Guaíba - RS, had as objective: to estimate the nutrients stock in the biomass. On the basis of the forest inventory, trees of medium diameter were collected and fractionated in leaf, branch, bark, wood and root. The accumulated litter was evaluated with sampling units of 1 m2. Samples of arboreal components and litter were collected to estimate the dry matter and nutritional content. Nutrients stock was obtained through the product between the average biomass of each component and the average concentration of nutrients. For the average of stands, the stock of nutrients showed the following order of accumulation, for biomass components: wood &gt; root &gt; leaf &gt; bark &gt; branch; and for nutrients: Ca &gt; N &gt; K &gt; Mg &gt; P.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283372.v1
title: STRUCTURE AND POTENTIAL USE OF TREE SPECIES IN A MANAGED FOREST IN PA MOJU, SANTÁREM-PARÁ

description: The study aimed to analyze the phytosociology and multipurpose tree species use in a managed forest in the Actaaia community, Settlement Moju I and II, Santarém, Pará. 10 ha of managed forest were sampled, systematically allocating 20 plots of 20 m x 250 m, with all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm measured. 128 species belonging to 37 families were found. The Shannon diversity index was 4.04, which resulted in 83% of the maximum diversity of the sample. Each species was represented on average by eight individuals and the density and basal area were 341.83 trees.ha-1 and 18.05 m².ha-1, respectively. After exploration, the forest contained species with timber and non-timber potential use by the community, with the occurrence of 58% of species with at least two uses, revealing the importance of studying their features to improve the quality of life of the community, which should be considered in a community forest management plan.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283374
title: THE THEORY OF REAL OPTIONS IN INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

description: ABSTRACT In this study we compared the values generated by traditional economic analysis (Net Present Value - NPV) with Real Options Method. The objective was to apply the method proposed by Copeland & Antikarov for rainbow options, due to three stochastic variables selected with decision of abandonment if the project value with flexibility was less than the value of the underlying stock. It enabled the flexibility value generation in order to entrepreneurs to have more confidence in their decision when they are investing in a project with Agroforestry System, with different scenarios visualization in a single analysis. The results evidenced that the economic viability analysis, using Real Options, provided the best view of the possible scenarios, within a range generated by the prices volatility. The Net Present Value adopted as the underlying stock value was R$ 5,684.32, using the discount rate (WACC) of 9.95% and risk-free interest rate of 7.5%. To determine the volatility were calculated: the logarithmic return standard deviation (27.06), the average (0.0883), upward movements values (u) (1.3107) with 61.34% of probability and downward movements values (d)(0.7628) with 38.66% of probability. The option value in case of abandonment was R$ 2,059.01/ha positive. The results showed that the NPV overestimated the project return and that it would be viable to abandon it.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14283375
title: REPRODUCTIVE PHENOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF Xylopia aromatica (LAM.) MART. (ANNONACEAE) IN CERRADO AREA

description: ABSTRACT Despite efforts in recent years, data on the phenology of Cerrado species are fragmentary, and even X. aromatica being widely distributed, its phenology is unknown. In this sense, we sought to evaluate their reproductive phenology in a fragment of Cerrado in Rio Verde Municipality and correlate it with climatic variables. 20 individuals were marked to be subject to monthly phenological phases observation: bud, open flower, immature and mature fruit. For the analysis we used the percentage of Fournier, method of presence/absence and Spearman correlation. The emission of buds occurred irregularly and was present in both the wet and in the dry period, not correlating with any of the climatic variables. Flowering occurred distributed throughout the study, negatively correlated only with relative humidity. Fruitification occurred in the dry season and in the transition from dry to rainy season, negatively correlated with rainfall and humidity. The fruits matured in the last months of the dry season and first months of the rainy season, correlating only with moisture. The reproductive cycle of X. aromatica is not strongly influenced by climatic variables and the fact that it is negatively correlated with precipitation and humidity suggests that the species was adapted to optimize pollination and dispersal of fruit.