cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt4x
title: Elastic energy storage in seahorses leads to a unique suction flow dynamics compared to other actinopterygian

description: Suction feeding is a dominant prey-capture strategy across
 actinopterygians, consisting of a rapid expansion of the mouth cavity that
 drives a flow of water containing the prey into the mouth. Suction feeding
 is a power-hungry behavior, involving the actuation of cranial muscles as
 well as the anterior third of the fish's swimming muscles. Seahorses,
 which have reduced swimming muscles, evolved a unique mechanism for
 elastic energy storage that powers their suction flows. This mechanism
 allows seahorses to achieve head rotation speeds that are 50 times faster
 than fish lacking such a mechanism. However, it is unclear how the
 dynamics of suction flows in seahorses differ from the conserved pattern
 observed across other actinopterygians, nor how differenced in snout
 length across seahorses affect these flows. Using flow visualization
 experiments, we show that seahorses generate suction flows that are 8
 times faster than similar-sized fish, and that the temporal patterns of
 cranial kinematics and suction flows in seahorses differs from the
 conserved pattern observed across other actinopterygians. However, the
 spatial patterns retain the conserved actinopterygian characteristics,
 where suction flows impact a radially symmetric region of ∼1 gape diameter
 outside the mouth. Within seahorses, increases in snout length were
 associated with slower suction flows and faster head rotation speeds,
 resulting in a trade-off between pivot feeding and suction feeding.
 Overall, this study shows how the unique cranial kinematics in seahorses
 are manifested in their suction feeding performance, and highlights the
 trade-offs associated with their unique morphology and mechanics.
description: Data set includes measurements of:  Max Gape
 (mm)    <br> time to peak gape (TTPG; seconds)    <br> Gape
 opening speed (mm/s)    <br> Max Flow Speed (mm/s)    <br>
 Time to peak flow speed (TTPF; seconds)    <br> Max suction flux
 (m^3/s)    <br> Max Jaw Protrusion (mm)    <br> time to peak
 jaw protrusion (TTJP; seconds)    <br> Jaw Protrusion Speed
 (mm/s)    <br> Max Hyoid Depression (mm)    <br> time to peak
 hyoid depression (TTHD; seconds)    <br> Ram Speed
 (mm/s)    <br> Head rotation (degrees)    <br> time to peak
 head rotation (TTPHR; seconds)    <br> HR speed (deg/s)
 Data was collected for the following 17 species of aquatic
 vertabrates: Ambystoma tigrinum<br> Apteronotus
 albifrons<br> Astronotus ocellatus<br> Carassius
 auratus<br> Chromis pelloura<br> Chromis viridis<br>
 Danio rerio<br> Dascyllus marginatus<br> Hemigrammus
 pulcher<br> Hippocampus fuscus<br> Hippocampus
 hippocampus<br> Hippocampus jayakari (adults and fry)<br>
 Lepomis macrochirus<br> Nimbochromis venustrus<br> Pimelodus
 pictus<br> Poecilia sphenops<br> Polypterus
 endlicheri
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tb2rbp01h
title: Effect of soil temperature on nitrogen fixation in Alnus

description: Purpose: The short growing season and cold climate of the boreal
 forest can restrict soil nitrogen availability, limiting plant growth and
 ecosystem productivity. Vascular nitrogen-fixing plants should have an
 advantage in low nitrogen environments. Yet, their abundance in the boreal
 forest is low. How nitrogen fixation is affected when temperature
 differences occur between the soil and air, especially in the spring when
 soil temperatures remain cool, has not been documented in actinorhizal
 shrubs. Methods: A lab study was performed on Alnus
 alnobetula subsp. crispa (Aiton) Raus. For 13
 weeks, soil was kept at either 10˚C, 14˚C or 16˚C, independently of shoot
 temperature, at 20˚C. Results: Soils at 14˚C and 10˚C inhibited
 whole-plant nitrogen fixation (by 53% and 68%) and photosynthesis (by 43%
 and 39%), respectively, compared to soils at 16˚C. Reductions in
 photosynthetic rate were mainly attributed to a reduction in the fixed
 nitrogen supply and subsequent reduction in chlorophyll formation.
 Photosynthesis was not reduced immediately, suggesting some utilization of
 a nitrogen source not supplied from current fixation. Reduced amounts of
 fixed nitrogen and photosynthates resulted in diminished biomass
 production and relative growth rate. Conclusion: The assumed
 advantages of being a nitrogen-fixing plant in a low nitrogen environment
 may be constrained by soil temperature to a larger extent than previously
 considered. This may restrict the abundance of nitrogen-fixing species in
 the boreal forest.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kprr4xh57
title: Intra- and interspecific variability of specific leaf area mitigate the reduction of community stability in response to warming and nitrogen addition

description: Global environmental changes are reducing the diversity and affecting the
 functioning of natural ecosystems as well as their ability to reliably
 provide ecosystem functions and services to mankind. Many studies have
 shown that a greater plant diversity can stabilize community productivity
 against environmental fluctuations. However, most of these studies focused
 on plant species richness, thus overlooking the potential role of
 functional traits in stabilizing community productivity against
 environmental fluctuations. Whether and how functional trait mean and
 variability influence community stability in response to environmental
 changes and their relative contributions to community stability are
 largely unknown. Here, we used a 10-year experiment to investigate the
 role of species richness, as well as functional mean and intra- and
 interspecific variability of specific leaf area (SLA) of plants within-
 and among communities in driving community stability in response to
 nitrogen (N) addition and warming. We found that both N addition and
 warming reduced the temporal stability of community productivity by
 reducing species richness and its contribution to species asynchrony and
 species stability. In contrast, changes in the mean and variability of SLA
 in response to N addition and warming mitigated the reduction of community
 stability. Specifically, N addition reduced variation in SLA both by
 reducing interspecific differences in SLA within communities and
 differences in mean values of SLA among communities. Warming increased
 intraspecific differences in SLA among communities, leading to higher
 species stability that partly buffered the reduction of community
 stability. Our study demonstrates the role of trait mean and variability
 in mitigating the reduction of community stability in response to two
 pervasive global environmental changes. Gaining a deeper understanding of
 the processes linking global changes and the stability of our ecosystems
 requires integrating both trait mean values and trait variability.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jx05
title: Lying in a 3T MRI scanner induces neglect-like spatial attention bias

description: Exposing subjects to the magnetic field of a 3T MRI scanner stimulates the
 vestibular organ and thereby induces - besides a VOR - horizontal biases
 in visual search and in subjective straight ahead, which are similar to
 those seen in stroke patients with spatial neglect.
description: The dataset contains eye-tracking data. Please also refer to
 related Matlab-files on Zenodo, which document both how our eye-data were
 originally generated and allow to analyze these data. Please refer to our
 original publication (Lindner et al. eLife 2021;10:e71076. DOI:
 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.71076) as well as to the included
 ReadMe.txt-file for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.547d7wm8p
title: Data and code for: Collective motion diminishes, but variation between groups emerges, through time in fish shoals

description: Despite extensive interest in the dynamic interactions between individuals
 that drive collective motion in animal groups, the dynamics of collective
 motion over longer time frames are understudied. Using three-spined
 sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, randomly assigned to twelve shoals
 of eight fish, we tested how six key traits of collective motion changed
 over shorter (within trials) and longer (between days) timescales under
 controlled laboratory conditions. Over both timescales, groups became less
 social with reduced cohesion, polarisation, group speed and information
 transfer. There was consistent inter-group variation (i.e. collective
 personality variation) for all collective motion parameters, but groups
 also differed in how their collective motion changed over days in their
 cohesion, polarisation, group speed and information transfer. This
 magnified differences between groups, suggesting that over time the
 ‘typical’ collective motion cannot be easily characterised. Future studies
 are needed to understand whether such between-group differences in changes
 over time are adaptive and represent improvements in group performance or
 are suboptimal but represent a compromise between individuals in their
 preferences for the characteristics of collective behaviour.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf223
title: Prenatal environmental conditions underlie alternative reproductive tactics that drive the formation of a mixed-kin cooperative society

description: Although animal societies often evolve due to limited natal dispersal that
 results in kin clustering and facilitates cooperation among relatives,
 many species form cooperative groups with low kin structure. Such groups
 often comprise residents and immigrants of the same sex that compete for
 breeding opportunities. To understand how such mixed-kin societies form,
 we investigated the causes and fitness consequences of dispersal decisions
 in male cooperatively breeding superb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus)
 inhabiting a climatically unpredictable environment. We show that the two
 alternative reproductive tactics—natal dispersal or philopatry—exhibit
 reproductive tradeoffs resulting in equal lifetime inclusive fitness.
 Surprisingly, an individual’s tactic is determined by the prenatal
 environment its parents experience prior to laying rather than the
 environment it experiences as a juvenile. Individuals that adopt the
 tactic not predicted by prenatal environmental conditions have lower
 fitness. Ultimately, climate-driven oscillating selection appears to
 stabilize mixed-kin societies despite the potential for social conflict.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m972
title: Data from: Conjugative plasmid transfer is limited by prophages but can be overcome by high conjugation rates

description: Antibiotic resistance spread via plasmids is a serious threat to
 successfully fight infections and makes understanding plasmid transfer in
 nature crucial to prevent the rise of antibiotic resistance. Studies
 addressing the dynamics of plasmid conjugation have yet neglected one
 omnipresent factor: prophages (viruses integrated into bacterial genomes),
 whose activation can kill host and surrounding bacterial cells. To
 investigate the impact of prophages on conjugation, we combined
 experiments and mathematical modelling. Using E. coli, prophage
 lambda and the multidrug-resistant plasmid RP4 we find that prophages can
 substantially limit the spread of conjugative plasmids. This inhibitory
 effect was strongly dependent on environmental conditions and bacterial
 genetic background. Our empirically parameterized model reproduced
 experimental dynamics of cells acquiring either the prophage or the
 plasmid well but failed to predict the number of cells acquiring both
 elements. This suggests more complex interactions between conjugative
 plasmids and prophages in sequential infections. Varying phage and plasmid
 infection parameters over empirically realistic ranges revealed that
 plasmids can overcome the negative impact of prophages through high
 conjugation rates. Overall, the presence of prophages introduces an
 additional death rate for plasmid carriers, the magnitude of which is
 determined in non-trivial ways by the environment, the phage and the
 plasmid.
description: Data have been collected from experimental work including
 conjugation and lysogenization assays, competition assays, 24h growth rate
 measurements.
description: <em>Detection limit:</em> To prevent overgrowing of
 plates we had to adjust the dilutions that we chose to plate out to be
 able to count CFUs for the total population density (which was several
 orders of magnitude higher than of individual fluorescent subpopulations).
 By doing so, we introduced a detection limit for several subpopulations,
 which, depending on the total population size, varied for the different
 time-points. In order to account for this detection limit, we divided the
 lowest dilution (that we plated and that still had countable colonies for
 each timepoint and plate-type) by two and assigned this value to the
 respective subpopulations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg79cnpbn
title: Longitudinal evidence for immunosenescence and inflammaging in free-living great tits

description: The first-line effector mechanisms of immune defence, including
 inflammation and oxidative burst, contribute significantly to
 host-pathogen resistance. Whether these immune responses undergo
 age-related changes in birds remains unknown. Here, we tracked selected
 inflammatory parameters in 54 free-living great tits (Parus major) of
 known age, captured repeatedly over three consecutive years, with the aims
 to investigate long-term repeatability and age-dependent changes in
 cellular oxidative burst responsiveness upon in vitro stimulation with
 bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to identify its relationships with
 leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels and haematological traits. In addition, we
 linked these immunological traits to selected physiological markers
 (antioxidants and oxidative stress markers). LTB4 levels increased with
 age and we have shown a similar non-significant tendency also for absolute
 granulocyte counts, indicating propagating chronic inflammation over the
 bird’s lifetime, consistent with the Inflammaging hypothesis. In contrast,
 cellular oxidative burst followed a quadratic trend of dependency on age
 with a peak in midlife individuals, in line with the Immunosenescence
 hypothesis. Interestingly, LTB4 levels were positively associated with
 general oxidative damage, but negatively with antioxidant glutathione
 peroxidase activity, indicating links to redox balance. This longitudinal
 study demonstrates the contrasting patterns of age-related changes in
 background and acute markers of pro-inflammatory immunity contributing to
 immunosenescence in birds and thus provides basis for interpretation of
 the tested inflammatory markers in cross-cohort datasets.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xf7
title: Data from: A global perspective on the functional responses of stream communities to flow intermittence

description: The current erosion of biodiversity is a major concern that threatens the
 ecological integrity of ecosystems and the ecosystem services they
 provide. Due to global change, an increasing proportion of river networks
 are drying and changes from perennial to non-perennial flow regimes
 represent dramatic ecological shifts with potentially irreversible
 alterations of community and ecosystem dynamics. However, there is minimal
 understanding of how biological communities respond functionally to
 drying. Here, we highlight the taxonomic and functional responses of
 aquatic macroinvertebrate communities to flow intermittence across river
 networks from three continents, to test predictions from underlying
 trait-based conceptual theory. We found a significant breakpoint in the
 relationship between taxonomic and functional richness, indicating higher
 functional redundancy at sites with flow intermittence higher than 28%.
 Multiple strands of evidence, including patterns of alpha and beta
 diversity and functional group membership, indicated that functional
 redundancy did not compensate for biodiversity loss associated with
 increasing intermittence, contrary to received wisdom. A specific set of
 functional trait modalities, including small body size, short life span
 and high fecundity, were selected with increasing flow intermittence.
 These results demonstrate the functional responses of river communities to
 drying and suggest that ongoing biodiversity reduction due to global
 change in drying river networks is threatening their functional integrity.
 These results indicate that such patterns might be common in these
 ecosystems, even where drying is considered a predictable disturbance.
 This highlights the need for the conservation of natural drying regimes of
 intermittent rivers to secure their ecological integrity.
description: All information on the flow intermittence quantification, the
 protocols to sample invertebrates and the construction of the traits
 database are available in the paper " A global perspective on the
 functional responses of stream communities to flow intermittence " -
 Ecography 44: 1–13, 2021 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05697
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnw2x
title: Silk-borne chemicals of spider nuptial gifts elicit female gift acceptance

description: Chemical communication is important in a reproductive context by conveying
 information used for mate recognition and/or assessment during courtship
 and mating. Spider silk is common as vehicle for chemical communication
 between the sexes. However, despite being well described in females, male
 silk-borne chemicals remain largely unexplored. Males of the spider
 Pisaura mirabilis silk-wrap prey (i.e. nuptial gifts) that is offered to
 females during courtship and eaten by the female during copulation.
 Interestingly, rejected males often add more silk to their gift which
 leads to mate acceptance, suggesting presence of silk-borne chemicals that
 facilitate female gift acceptance. To test this hypothesis, we offered
 females standardised gifts covered with male silk that was either washed
 in solvents or unwashed, respectively to remove or not any chemically
 active components. We scored female gift acceptance, and as expected in
 the case chemicals that mediate female mating behaviour are present in
 male silk, females were more likely to accept gifts covered with unwashed
 silk. Our findings suggest that silk-borne chemicals of nuptial gifts
 prime female responses, potentially signalling male quality or
 manipulating females into mating beyond their interests given the
 occurrence of male cheating behaviour via nutritionally worthless gifts in
 this system.
description: All data presented in this dataset was collected by J.M.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh1893b8
title: Immunological indices and parasites in blackbirds

description: 1. Despite the intensive use of immune indices in immunoecology, whether
 to interpret the results of immune indices in terms of actual immune
 competence (i.e., ability to control and clear parasite infections as
 indicated by high values of immune indices associated with low parasite
 loads) or current immune activation (pathogenic infection being associated
 with high parasite load and high values of immune indices) is still an
 open question. Most studies to date have produced contrasting results
 focused on the effect of a single parasite species despite the fact that
 hosts usually harbour a community of parasites that influence one
 another’s impact on host immune response. 2. We simultaneously assessed
 blood parasites, intestinal parasites and ectoparasite loads in male
 blackbirds and compared these measures to several immune indices to
 investigate how parasites explain the variation around the mean of these
 immune indices. 3. Parasite loads covaried within hosts. Immune indices
 better reflected the interacting effects of these parasites than the
 independent effect of each parasite. Immune indices may therefore be
 better indicators of ongoing pathogenic infections than immune competence.
 Furthermore, intestinal parasites explained a significant part of the
 variance in most immune indices through their interactions with other
 parasites, suggesting that they have a strong influence in modulating
 immune function. 4. Taking the parasite community into account in
 immunoecology studies will certainly help increase our understanding of
 immune indices.
description: Fifty adult male blackbirds were caught using mist-nets in four
 major urban parks in Dijon, France. For each bird, we assesed the number
 of ectoparasites, the number of blood parasites and intestinal parasites.
 After that, we assesed immunological indices with a blood
 sample.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4tmpg4fb6
title: pgHMA: Application of the Heteroduplex mobility assay analysis in phylogenetics and population genetics

description: The Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) has proven to be a robust tool for
 the detection of genetic variation. Here, we describe a simple and rapid
 application of the HMA by microfluidic capillary electrophoresis, for
 phylogenetics and population genetic analyses (pgHMA). We show how
 commonly applied techniques in phylogenetics and population genetics have
 equivalents with pgHMA: phylogenetic reconstruction with bootstrapping,
 skyline plots, and mismatch distribution analysis. We assess the
 performance and accuracy of pgHMA by comparing the results obtained
 against those obtained using standard methods of analyses applied to
 sequencing data. The resulting comparisons demonstrate that: (1) there is
 a significant linear relationship (R = 0.992) between
 heteroduplex mobility and genetic distance; (2) phylogenetic trees
 obtained by HMA and nucleotide sequences present nearly identical
 topologies; (3) clades with high pgHMA parametric bootstrap support also
 have high bootstrap support on nucleotide phylogenies; (4) skyline plots
 estimated from the UPGMA trees of HMA and Bayesian trees of nucleotide
 data reveal similar trends, especially for the median trend estimate of
 effective population size; and (5) optimized mismatch distributions of HMA
 are closely fitted to the mismatch distributions of nucleotide sequences.
 In summary, pgHMA is an easily-applied method for approximating
 phylogenetic diversity and population trends.