cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288257.v1
title: Effect of rib fat thickness on the quality of aged meat from Nellore young bulls

description: This trial aimed to evaluate the quality of aged beef from Nellore young bulls under two yield grade (YG). Fourteen animals with approximately 450 ± 30 kg body weight were evaluated for backfat thickness (BFT) at the beginning of the experimental period. Seven animals had BFT of 0-3 mm and seven animals, 3.1-6 mm. Two groups were formed at the end of the experiment: animals finished with 3-6 mm BFT (seven animals) and animals finished with 6.1 to 10 mm BFT (seven animals). Every 28 days, we evaluated by ultrasound the BFT between the 12nd 13rd ribs. There was no interaction between YG and aging for beef color, pH, cooking losses and shear force (p &gt; 0.05). There was no effect of YG on sarcomere length (p = 0.11). However, there was interaction between YG and aging on water holding capacity (p &lt; 0.01). The yield grades evaluated did not interfere with meat quality, but carcasses with 6.1 - 10 mm of backfat thickness showed highest water holding capacity. The aging of the longissimus muscle for up to 14 days improves beef tenderness.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288255.v1
title: Reproduction performance of female Nile tilapia under different environments and age classes

description: Current assay verifies the reproductive performance of females of Nile tilapia in different age classes and reproductive environments. Four hundred and fifty-one females were evaluated in two different Brazilian environments, namely in Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil (Site 1 - hapas of 10 m3 and Site 2 - hapas of 1 m3) and in one environment in Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Site 3 - hapas of 14 and 28 m3). The females were divided into three age classes, corresponding to animals under one year (age 1); between one to two years (age 2); and over three years old (age 3). Spawning was verified once a week, from October 2012 to March 2013, corresponding to a 23-week assessment. The statistical analyses were performed with Proc Genmod from the statistical program SAS. Site 2 had the lowest results when compared to the other sites for multiple spawning, spawning frequency and volume of eggs/female for animals of age 2. Statistical differences were not detected between ages 1 and 2 for the same assessment site, although females at age 3 in Site 3 provided higher results than those at age 2. Results show that, precluding the use of animals in individual hapas (1 m³) and maintaining older females in the stock, may improve reproduction results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288253.v1
title: Comparison of whole genome prediction accuracy across generations using parametric and semi parametric methods

description: ABSTRACT. Accuracy of genomic prediction was compared using three parametric and semi parametric methods, including BayesA, Bayesian LASSO and Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces regression under various levels of heritability (0.15, 0.3 and 0.45), different number of markers (500, 750 and 1000) and generation intervals of validating set. A historical population of 1000 individuals with equal sex ratio was simulated for 100 generations at constant size. It followed by 100 extra generations of gradually reducing size down to 500 individuals in generation 200. Individuals of generation 200 were mated randomly for 10 more generations applying litter size of 5 to expand the historical generation. Finally, 50 males and 500 females chosen from generation 210 were randomly mated to generate 10 more generations of recent population. Individuals born in generation 211 considered as the training set while the validation set was composed of individuals either from generations 213, 215 or 217. The genome comprised one chromosome of 100 cM length carrying 50 QTLs. There was no significant difference between accuracy of investigated methods (p &gt; 0.05) but among three methods, the highest mean accuracy (0.659) was observed for BayesA. By increasing the heritability, the average genomic accuracy increased from 0.53 to 0.75 (p &lt; 0.05). The number of SNPs affected the accuracy and accuracies increased as number of SNPs increased; therefore, the highest accuracy was for the case number of SNPs=1000. With getting away from validating set, the accuracies decreased and the most severe decay observed in the case of low heritability. Decreasing the accuracy across generations affected by marker density but was independent from investigated methods.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288252.v1
title: Tilapia by-product hydrolysate powder in diets for Nile tilapia larvae

description: ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility of tilapia by-product protein hydrolysate powder (TBHP) from tilapia filleting by-product, and its inclusion in diets for Nile tilapia larvae. In order to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients, two diets were formulated, the reference diet and the test diet (20% of TBHP) and, to evaluate the inclusion, six diets were formulated, which were with 0.0, 2.0; 4.0; 6.0, and 8.0% of TBHP. The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and gross energy were 89.5 and 98.3%, respectively. At levels above 4.0% of inclusion of TBHP, the weight, final length and weight gain were impaired, however, survival rate was higher (p &lt; 0.05). The TBHP can be used in diets for tilapia due to the high digestibility coefficients for crude protein and gross energy. The inclusion of up to 4.0% of TBHP does not affect the reproductive performance and survival rate of Nile tilapia larvae.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288249.v1
title: Concentrate levels of crossbred bulls slaughtered at 16 or 22 months: performance and carcass characteristics

description: This study was performed to assess the animal performance of 97 bulls, 1/2 Purunã vs. 1/2 Canchim, that were slaughtered at 16 (16M) or 22 (22M) months with three concentrate levels (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6%) of body weight (BW). The initial body weight was lower for the 16M bulls. The final body weight and hot carcass weights were similar between the two slaughter ages. The hot carcass dressing was higher for 22M bulls. The average daily gain was higher for 16M bulls. The feed intake and dry matter feed conversion were similar between 16 and 22M bulls. The carcass length, marbling, and bone percentage were lower for 16M bulls. However, the Longissimus dorsi muscle area was higher for 16M bulls. The leg length, cushion thickness, fat thickness, conformation, colour, texture, muscle percent, and fat percent were similar between 16 and 22M bulls. The final and hot carcass weights were lower for bulls that were fed with 0.8% of BW. The carcass dressing was similar for the three concentrate levels. The average daily gain was higher for bulls that were fed with 1.6% of BW of concentrate and lower for those that were fed with 0.8%. The concentrate levels had no effect on carcass characteristics, feed intake, and dry matter conversion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288247.v1
title: Tolerance of Nile tilapia juveniles to highly acidic rearing water

description: The present work aimed at determining the tolerance of Nile tilapia juveniles to highly acidic rearing waters and the effects of water acidity on the quality of tank effluents. The experimental design consisted of four treatments with different water pH values (4.12 ± 0.84; 5.13 ± 0.74; 6.14 ± 0.64 and 8.06 ± 0.48), with five replicates each. No exchange of water was performed throughout the study, only water replenishment to maintain the initial level. Variables of water quality, soil, growth performance, metabolism and effluents were monitored for eight weeks. Despite the lower total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration in the pH 8 tanks, their levels of non-ionized ammonia (NH3) were the highest ones. At the end, the lowest body weight of fish was observed in the pH 8 tanks. There was a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) due to to water acidification. There were reduced concentrations of NH3 in the acidified tanks' effluents. It was concluded that the gradual water acidification up to pH 4 can improve the Nile tilapia juveniles' growth performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288246.v1
title: Quantitative analysis of rumen microbial populations by qPCR in heifers fed on Leucaena leucocephala in the Colombian Tropical Dry Forest

description: Rumen fermentation and methanogenesis are vital metabolic processes in cattle and are carried out by microbial populations that are affected by dietary factors such as secondary metabolites, nutritional composition and degradability. The aim of this study was to monitor populations of total bacteria, total methanogens and Butirivibrio fibrisolvens in the rumen of Lucerne heifers fed on diets typical of intensive silvopastoral systems (ISS) or of a traditional (control) system. Rumen contents (RC) were collected orally from eight heifers consuming 100% Cynodon plectostachyus (control) and 76% C. plectostachyus + 24% Leucaena leucocephala (ISS) following a crossover design and DNA was extracted and quantified by quantitative PCR. Populations & [Log10 (ng g-1 RC)& ] were 5.6 and 5.8 for total bacteria (p = 0.5343), 3.6 and 3.5 for B. fibrisolvens (p = 0.4742) and 5.0 and 5.3 for total methanogens (p = 0.2661) respectively in control and ISS diets. However, when measured in a separate parallel study, enteric methane emissions (g kg-1 of fermented dry matter) were significantly reduced with the inclusion of L. leucocephala. This fact indicated the importance of investigating the structure, function and interactions of populations beyond quantitative analysis to determine how diet affects rumen microbial populations and their function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288243.v1
title: Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets

description: ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288240.v1
title: Crambe meal in supplements for culling cows: animal performance and carcass characteristics

description: The influence of the replacement of soybean meal by crambe crushed in concentrated supplement at proportions 0, 5, 10, 15%, on the performance and carcass traits of grazing cows is assessed. Within a completely randomized design, twenty Nellore cows, fed on Brachiaria humidicola, were supplemented during the rain-drought transition period and monitored with regard to weight and body conditions every 28 days. Total forage mass and percentages of leaf, stem and senescent material were quantified in loco. The estimation of forage quality consumed by animals was performed by the simulated grazing method. There were no significant differences between the levels of inclusion of crambe crushed on animal performance or carcass characteristics. Replacement did not affect weight, carcass yield, Brazilian commercial cuts, morphometric measures of carcass, characteristics of loins, thickness of carcass fat, perirenal-pelvic fat and total meat. Replacement of soybean meal by crambe crushed up to 15% in the concentrated supplement does not affect performance and carcass characteristics of cows finished on pasture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288239.v1
title: Morphometric measurements of Africanized honeybee queens kept in an incubator or in queen banking

description: This study aimed to estimate live weight, the length and the width of wing and abdomen and the length, the width and the height of thorax in newly emerged Africanized honeybee queens up to 192 hours and their influence on final quality regarding appropriate storage techniques in queen banking or incubator and to verify the possibility of using these parameters as selection criteria in honeybee breeding programs. Queen honeybees were produced in summer, autumn and winter. The queen production method used throughout the experiments was adapted from Doolittle, and 68 the queens were weighed at emergence. Data were analyzed in R software by regression analysis of queen weight at emergence according to life time after emergence, in two types of storage. The weight of queens emerged in queen banking and incubator was significantly different (p &lt; 0.05), with mean values of 165.61 and 157.04 mg, respectively. Queens kept in an incubator and in queen banking showed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) in wing length, abdomen length and thorax height. The weight of queen at emergence can be used as a selection criterion in honeybee breeding programs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288238.v1
title: Chemical composition of sorghum genotypes silages

description: ABSTRACT. The objective was to select sorghum genotypes for silage production using its chemical characteristics. The experiment was carried out in the facilities of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum in Sete Lagoas, state of Minas Gerais, to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, and nutritional quality of silage of twelve sorghum genotypes. We used a randomized block design with three replications. In relation to the production of green matter, the genotypes SF15 Volumax and BR610 stood out (52.07; 48.00 and 41.87 ton ha-1). Regarding pH, genotypes 1015339, 1015347, 1016007, SF15, BRS655, Volumax and BR610 averaged 3.68. All genotypes were similar considering the nutritional value, ammonia nitrogen and water activity. The genotypes SF15, Volumax and BRS610 showed the highest productivity per area, representing the best options for silage production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288235.v1
title: In vitro degradation and total gas production of byproducts generated in the biodiesel production chain

description: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro degradation and total gas production of different oil seed press cakes from a biodiesel production chain gas through the use of a semi-automatic technique of gas production in vitro. The treatments consisted of substituting elephant grass in increasing levels, 0%, 30, 50 and 70%, with the byproducts of Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifeira, Jatropha curcas and Helianthus annus. The oil seed press cakes of Moringa oleifeira had the highest rate of in vitro degradation of dry matter compared with other foods but did not result in a higher final volume of gases production. Gossyypium hirsutum, Pinhão manso curcas and Ricinus communis showed a higher in vitro degradability of similar dry matter. The highest total gas production was obtained by the oil seed press cakes of Helianthus annus. The oil seed press cakes of Moringa oleifeira can replace elephant grass up to 70% and therefore reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and energy loss for the animal.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288234.v1
title: Environmental effects on reproductive performance of Nellore cows widely raised in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone

description: We analyzed the pregnancy rate (PR) and birth rate (BR) of Nellore cows raised extensively in the Cerrado/Pantanal during 4 mating seasons (2009-2012), assessing the relationship with the temperature and humidity index (THI) and the effect of the year and breeding season. We used information from 2,116 cows, which were categorized as either multiparous (n = 1430), primiparous (n = 338), or nulliparous (n = 348). In the months of the breeding season (December-February), temperature and relative humidity data were collected to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI). An ANOVA was performed with a model that included sources of variation from the fixed effects of category of cow and year on PR and BR; and a linear regression analysis and correlation between THI and PR and BR. We observed a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) on PR. We classified the average across breeding seasons as a moderate THI. The THI of the breeding seasons showed high and significant (p &lt; 0.05) effects only on the nulliparous BR, and low values in other categories. It is concluded that the seasonal THI was not related to the performance of cows, except BR in nulliparous cows.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288231.v1
title: Digestible isoleucine requirements for 22- and 42-day-old broilers

description: Current experiment established different criteria to evaluate the requirements of digestible isoleucine for 22- and 42-day-old broilers by different regression models (quadratic, exponential and Linear Response Plateau) and, in the case of statistical significance, the comparison of means by Duncan's test at 5% probability. A total of 1,920 Cobb 500 male broilers were used in an entirely randomized experimental design, with 6 treatments (6 digestible isoleucine levels: 0.6118; 0.6655; 0.7192; 0.7729; 0.8265 and 0.8802%) and 8 replications, with 40 broilers each. Data on performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Level 0.7192% of digestible isoleucine was considered standard. The digestible isoleucine level recommended for 22- and 42-day-old broilers is 0.7729%, corresponding to a digestible isoleucine:lysine ratio of 72%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288230.v1
title: Effect of protease supplementation on production performance of laying hens

description: The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of protease enzyme supplementation on performance parameters and quality shell of laying hens. We used 240 Isa Brown commercial laying hens with 44 weeks of age. A completely randomized split-plot design (5 periods of 21 days) with four treatments and six replications (10 hens per replication) was used. The experimental diets were formulated according to the requirements of the breed. The following parameters were evaluated: egg production, feed intake, feed conversion, average egg weight, egg loss, specific gravity, percentage and shell thickness. After collection, the data were analyzed with SISVAR Statistical Package, and the means compared by SNK test at 5% probability. It was concluded that supplementation of diets low in nutrients with 500 g ton-1 of protease (100 U g-1), provides egg production and feed conversion rates similar to those obtained in laying hens fed diet with the nutritional level recommended for the breed. However, protease supplementation did not show effect on egg shell quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288229.v1
title: Energetic feedings influence beeswax production by Apis mellifera L. honeybees

description: The effect of different types of energy feeding (sugar syrup, inverted sugar and juice of sugar-cane) on beeswax production and its economic feasibility are evaluated. Twenty beehives of Africanized Apis mellifera were selected, and five were used for each type of feeding. The treatments were T1 (sugar-cane juice), T2 (sugar syrup) and T3 (inverted sugar). Feedings was provided by Boardman feeders and the amount was adjusted according to consumption. A layer of beeswax was manually set up into the honeybee nest and beeswax built area was measured weekly. Total reducing sugar, calorimetry, dry matter and ashes of all feedings were analyzed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with Tukey's test to determine differences among averages. The average consumption of inverted sugar was significantly lower than that of other treatments. The highest beeswax production average occurred in the sugar syrup treatment. The highest average of ashes, dry matter and reducing sugar occurred, respectively, in sugar-cane juice, inverted sugar and sugar syrup. Sugar syrup may be an alternative energy source for beeswax production, although sugar-cane juice may be more profitable.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288226.v1
title: Screening of citrus scion-rootstock combinations for tolerance to water salinity during seedling formation

description: ABSTRACT Arid and semiarid regions are vulnerable to water deficits and salinity. Citrus plants are sensitive to saline stress and require the use of tolerant scion-rootstock combinations. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and classify citrus scion-rootstock combinations with respect to their tolerance to salinity during seedling formation in a protected environment. An experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a 5 x 12 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of water salinity (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 dS m-1) applied in 12 citrus rootstocks grafted with two scion varieties: ‘Tahiti’ acid lime and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit. The scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated for accumulated dry matter and survival index at 330 days after sowing the rootstocks. Salinity exerted different effects on the dry matter formation of scion-rootstock combinations. ‘Star Ruby’ was less sensitive to salinity, particularly when the rootstocks were the hybrids from ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (TSKFL) with ‘Troyer’ citrange (CTTR) - 013 (TSKFL x CTTR - 013), common ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) with ‘Argentina’ citrange (CTARG) - 019 (TSKC x CTARG - 019), TSKC with ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW) - 031 (TSKC x CTSW - 031), and the trifoliate hybrid (HTR) - 069, as well as the varieties Volkamer lemon and Santa Cruz Rangpur lime. When grafted with ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, the rootstocks displaying the less sensitive to salinity were TSKFL x CTTR - 013 and TSKC x CTARG - 019.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14288225.v1
title: Genetic bases of corn inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense via seed and foliar application

description: ABSTRACT. Nitrogen is available in insufficient quantities in Brazilian soils, and is the nutrient that raises the most cost of production of maize. Nowadays there is a more interest in the use of alternative nitrogen sources, such as biological nitrogen fixation, to supply plant demand. Among the most used bacteria in association with grasses is Azospirillum brasilense. In this way this study aimed to establish a relationship between the genetic bases of corn and the forms of A. brasilense application and the effects on the plant morphological components, grain yield, and relative nitrogen contribution. Experiments were conducted during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 crop seasons. The experiments included two single hybrids, two double hybrids, and two triple hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense via seed treatment; foliar application during phenological stages V2, V2 + V4, and V4; and a control treatment without bacteria. The response varied with the hybrid and the year. In the 2013/14 crop, a significant difference was observed in the grain yield for the single hybrid AG9045 inoculated with A. brasilense via seed and foliar application in V2. In the 2014/15 crop, inoculation with A. brasilense via seed application resulted in significant increases in the grain yield for the triple hybrid BG7051. Foliar application of A. brasilense is an efficient alternative for the improvement of plant morphological traits, and inoculation via seed and with foliar application in V2 increases the relative contribution of N.