DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnqz
title: Data from: Elements of male song performance and complexity are associated with reduced risk of paternity loss in a South American passerine

description: Many passerines have elaborated songs hypothesized to have evolved through
 sexual selection. Extra-pair mating can be a contributing factor in the
 evolution of complex songs by increasing the variance in male fitness. We
 investigated this by quantifying the relationship between male song
 performance and complexity and levels of paternity loss through extra-pair
 mating by their female mates in the Grass Wren (Cistothorus platensis), a
 socially monogamous passerine with elaborate songs. We conducted fieldwork
 in the Uspallata Valley, Mendoza, Argentina, over two breeding seasons and
 recorded the songs of 30 focal males during the egg-laying stage of their
 social mate. We collected blood samples from adults and nestlings and used
 ddRAD sequencing SNP data to determine parentage. We assessed extra-pair
 mating behaviour of females by measuring paternity loss of their social
 partner and examined whether variation in paternity loss was associated
 with structural characteristics of that male’s songs. We found
 relationships between paternity loss and song duration, syllable
 diversity, and duty cycle. Our findings indicate that some specific traits
 of male song are associated with lower levels of paternity loss and,
 therefore, potentially higher fitness. Future studies should determine
 whether this relationship is a result of female preference (intersexual
 selection), effective male mate guarding or territory defence (intrasexual
 selection), or both.
description: # Elements of male song performance and complexity are associated with
 reduced risk of paternity loss in a South American passerine Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnqz](10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnqz) ## Description of the
 data and file structure GENERAL INFORMATION Title of Dataset: Elements of
 male song performance and complexity are associated with reduced risk of
 paternity loss in a South American passerine Date of data collection:
 October to February 2016-2017 Geographic location of data collection:
 Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina ### Files and variables #### File:
 data\_1\_ESM.csv **Description:** Structural song measurements and EPP
 measurements for each male ##### Variables * id_male: The leg band
 combination of male * number_male: The number of the aluminum leg band *
 year: Breeding season 2016 or 2017 * male_year: Concatenation between male
 and breeding season * id_nest: Identification of studied nest *
 delta_time: Song duration (s) Difference between Begin time and End Time.
 * duty_cycle: Ratio between the amount of a song that is ‘silent gaps’ and
 the amount of a song that is ‘active singing (syllables)’ *
 syll_type: Number of different syllable types in the song *
 syll_num: Number of syllable in the song  * nstl: Number of nestlings,
 brood size * epp_nstl: Number of extra pair nestlings *
 lost_paternity: Number of extra pair nestlings/brood size *
 lost_paternity_yn: Categorical variables. 1= Yes= lost paternity, 0= No=
 no lost paternity #### File: data\_2\_ESM.csv **Description:** Song and
 transition versatility of bouts and EPP measurements for each male #####
 Variables * id_male: The leg band combination of male * number_male: The
 number of the aluminum leg band * year: Breeding season 2016 or 2017 *
 male_year: Concatenation between male and breeding season *
 id_nest: Identification of studied nest * song_versatility: Number of song
 types in a 10 song sequences. Values up to 10 *
 transition_versatility: Number of changes between song types in a 10+1
 song sequences. Values up to 10. * total_versatility: Song_versatility *
 Transition_versatility. Values up to 100 * nstl: Number of nestlings,
 brood size * epp_nstl: Number of extra pair nestlings *
 lost_paternity: Number of extra pair nestlings/brood size *
 lost_paternity_yn: Categorical variables. 1=Yes=lost paternity, 0=No=no
 lost paternity #### File: data\_1\_analysis\_in\_R\_ESM.txt
 **Description:**  Script developed to analyze the relationship between
 lost paternity and song duration, duty cycle, syllable number y syllable
 type (used file: data_1_ESM). #### File: data\_2\_analysis\_in\_R\_ESM.txt
 **Description:**  Script developed to analyze the relationship between
 lost paternity and versatility of song sequences (used file: data_2_ESM).
 #### File: data\_3\_analysis\_in\_R\_ESM.txt **Description:**  Script
 developed to analyze the differences in song metrics for each bout of 4
 males (used files: each sheet of "data_3_ESM"). #### File:
 data\_3\_ESM.xlsx **Description:** File with the data set to evaluate the
 differences between bouts ##### Variables * \#Sheet CTV \- Bout: Number of
 bout \- song_versatility_OBGA: Values of song versatility for each bout of
 male called "OB-GA" \- transition_versatility_OBGA: Values of
 transition versatility for each bout of male called "OB-GA" \-
 song_versatility_RYCA: Values of song versatility for each bout of male
 called "RY-CA" \- transition_versatility_RYCA: Values of
 transition versatility for each bout of male called "RY-CA" \-
 song_versatility_RKBA: Values of song versatility for each bout of male
 called "RK-BA" \- transition_versatility_RKBA: Values of
 transition versatility for each bout of male called "RK-BA" \-
 song_versatility_OABG: Values of song versatility for each bout of male
 called "OA-BG" \- transition_versatility_OABG: Values of
 transition versatility for each bout of male called "OA-BG" * \#
 Sheet 2,3,4,5: "male_XX_XX_201X" One sheet per male. Each sheet
 included in each row:          - Bout: Number of bout          -
 number_of_syllable: Number of syllable in the song          -
 types_of_syllable: Number of different syllable types in the song        
  - song_duration: Difference between Begin time and End Time          -
 sum_syllable          - sum_silence         - duty cycle: Ratio between
 sum_syllable and sum_silences