cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f5d2070
title: Data from: Exploratory behavior undergoes genotype-age interactions in a wild bird

description: Animal personality traits are often heritable and plastic at the same
 time. Indeed, behaviors that reflect an individual's personality can
 respond to environmental factors or change with age. To date, little is
 known regarding personality changes during a wild animals' lifetime
 and even less about stability in heritability of behavior across ages. In
 this study, we investigated age‐related changes in the mean and in the
 additive genetic variance of exploratory behavior, a commonly used measure
 of animal personality, in a wild population of great tits. Heritability of
 exploration is reduced in adults compared to juveniles, with a low genetic
 correlation across these age classes. A random regression animal model
 confirmed the occurrence of genotype–age interactions (G×A) in
 exploration, causing a decrease in additive genetic variance before
 individuals become 1 year old, and a decline in cross‐age genetic
 correlations between young and increasingly old individuals. Of the few
 studies investigating G×A in behaviors, this study provides rare evidence
 for this phenomenon in an extensively studied behavior. We indeed
 demonstrate that heritability and cross‐age genetic correlations in this
 behavior are not stable over an individual's lifetime, which can
 affect its potential response to selection. Because G×A is likely to be
 common in behaviors and have consequences for our understanding of the
 evolution of animal personality, more attention should be turned to this
 phenomenon in the future work.
description: Pedigree_AGE_ESMPedigree used for quantitative genetic analyses of exploratory behavior in great titsPheno_data_AGE_ESMPhenotypic data used for quantitative genetic analyses of exploratoy behavior (LOCOM) in great tits.TESTAGE = age (in months) at which individuals are tested. June days= date (in june days) on which individuals are testedScript_Character_State_ESMScript for the character state approach (bivariate animal model)Script_Random_Regression_ESMScript for the random regression animal model approachScript_Figure1_ESMScript for producing Figure 1pin_RRScript of the pin_RR function to derive age-specific quantitative genetic estimates from random regression models (asreml)Script_Simulations_ESMScript for simulations (no GxA) and analysis of simulated data (RRAM)Results_Sim_No_GXAResults of the simulationScript_Survival_Young_ESMScript for the test of selective disappearanceSurvival_Young_ESMData for the test of selective disappearancePedigree_SEX_ESMpedigree used for sex-specific quantitative genetic analysesPheno_data_SEX_ESMphenotypic data used for sex-specific quantitative genetic analysesScript_Test_Sexes_ESMScript used for sex-specific quantitative genetic analyses
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gc46fq8
title: Data from: Does plant biomass partitioning reflect energetic investments in carbon and nutrient foraging?

description: 1. Studies of plant resource-use strategies along environmental gradients
 often assume that dry matter partitioning represents an individual’s
 energy investment in foraging for above- versus belowground resources.
 However, ecosystem-level studies of total belowground carbon allocation
 (TBCA) in forests do not support the equivalency of energy (carbon) and
 dry matter partitioning, in part because allocation of carbon to
 belowground pools and fluxes that are not accounted for by root biomass
 (e.g., mycorrhizal hyphae, rhizodeposition; root and soil respiration) can
 be substantial. Here, we apply this reasoning to individual plants in
 controlled environments and ask whether dry matter partitioning
 belowground (root mass fraction, RMF) accurately reflects TBCA in studies
 of optimal partitioning theory. 2. We quantified the relationship between
 RMF and TBCA in individual plants, using 311 observations from 51 studies
 that simultaneously measured both allocation variables. Our analysis
 included tests of whether the RMF-TBCA relationship depended on mutualist
 soil microbes, plant growth form, age, and study methodology including
 isotopic pulse/chase duration. 3. We found that RMF was a poor proxy for
 belowground energy investment. This disconnect of RMF and TBCA was driven
 in part by plants of low RMF (&lt;0.4) exhibiting significantly higher
 rates of root and soil respiration per unit root mass than plants of high
 RMF. Root colonization by mutualist microbes, including arbuscular
 mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria, increased TBCA by 5-7%,
 and TBCA was lower in grasses than other species by 9-16%. These patterns
 were evident for relationships assessed both within and between species.
 4. We conclude that optimal partitioning studies of plants along
 environmental gradients are likely to underestimate plant energy
 allocation belowground if the C costs of root and soil respiration are
 ignored. Because energy rather than biomass better reflects how
 assimilated C supports fitness, this omission of respired C suggests
 existing studies misrepresent the significance of belowground processes to
 plant function.
description: Dataset analyzed for
 Kong & Fridley 2019The excel file includes
 carbon budget data from published studies of individual plant metabolism.
 Metadata is included in the second tab.Kong&Fridley_FuncEcol_dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qt10r04
title: Data from: Persistent near real-time passive acoustic monitoring for baleen whales from a moored buoy: system description and evaluation

description: 1. Managing interactions between human activities and marine mammals often
 relies on an understanding of the real-time distribution or occurrence of
 animals. Visual surveys typically cannot provide persistent monitoring
 because of expense and weather limitations, and while passive acoustic
 recorders can monitor continuously, the data they collect are often not
 accessible until the recorder is recovered. 2. We have developed a moored
 passive acoustic monitoring system that provides near real-time occurrence
 estimates for humpback, sei, fin, and North Atlantic right whales from a
 single site for a year, and makes those occurrence estimates available via
 a publicly accessible website, email and text messages, a
 smartphone/tablet app, and the U.S. Coast Guard’s maritime domain
 awareness software. We evaluated this system using a buoy deployed off the
 coast of Massachusetts during 2015-2016 and redeployed again during
 2016-2017. Near real-time estimates of whale occurrence were compared to
 simultaneously collected archived audio as well as whale sightings
 collected near the buoy by aerial surveys. 3. False detection rates for
 right, humpback, and sei whales were 0% and nearly 0% for fin whales,
 while missed detection rates at daily time scales were modest (12-42%).
 Missed detections were significantly associated with low calling rates for
 all species. We observed strong associations between right whale visual
 sightings and near real-time acoustic detections over a monitoring range
 of 30-40 km and temporal scales of 24-48 hours, suggesting that silent
 animals were not especially problematic for estimating occurrence of right
 whales in the study area. There was no association between acoustic
 detections and visual sightings of humpback whales. 4. The moored buoy has
 been used to reduce the risk of ship strikes for right whales in a U.S.
 Coast Guard gunnery range, and can be applied to other mitigation
 applications.
description: READMEDescription of all data
 files in this datasetmanual_analysis_nomans0315_realtimeNear real-time whale occurrence estimates for the 2015-2016 DMON/LFDCS buoymanual_analysis_nomans0916Near real-time whale occurrence estimates for 2016-2017 DMON/LFDCS buoytally_periods_manual_nomans0315_correctedAudio analysis of species occurrence for 2015-2016 DMON/LFDCS buoyaerialAerial survey results for flights conducted by the New England Aquarium (NEAq) and NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p3f31c1
title: Data from: Sexual dimorphism explains residual variance around the survival-reproduction tradeoff in lizards: implications for sexual conflict over life-history evolution

description: The tradeoff between survival and reproduction is a central feature of
 life-history variation, but few studies have sought to explain why females
 of some species exhibit relatively lower survival than expected for a
 given level of reproductive effort. Intralocus sexual conflict theory
 proposes that sex differences in selection on survival and reproductive
 effort may, by virtue of shared genes underlying these components of
 fitness, prevent females from optimizing this life-history tradeoff. To
 test this hypothesis, we used a phylogenetically based comparative
 analysis of published estimates for mean annual survival and reproductive
 effort from females of 82 lizard species to (1) characterize the tradeoff
 between survival and reproduction, and (2) test whether variation around
 this tradeoff is explained by sexual size dimorphism (SSD), a potential
 proxy for sexual conflict over life-history traits. Across species, we
 found a strong negative correlation between mean annual survival and
 reproductive effort, confirming this classic life-history tradeoff.
 Although residual variance around this tradeoff is unrelated to the
 absolute magnitude of SSD, it is strongly related to the direction of SSD.
 Specifically, we found that females have lower survival than expected for
 a given level of reproductive effort in female-larger species, whereas
 they have higher survival than expected in male-larger species. Given that
 female-larger SSD is thought to reflect selection for increased fecundity,
 our results suggest that intralocus sexual conflict may be particularly
 likely to constrain female life-history evolution in situations where
 increased reproductive effort is favored, but the phenotypes that
 facilitate this increase (e.g., body size) are constrained by antagonistic
 selection on males.
description: LifeHistory Parameters
 For 82 Lizard SpeciesLife-history parameters
 collected from the literature for Reedy et. al. 2019 published in
 Evolution.Reedy_etal_2019_Evolution.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p1k2426
title: Data from: Mimicry-dependent lateralization in the visual inspection of foreign eggs by American robins

description: Brain lateralization, or the specialization of function in the left vs.
 right brain hemispheres, has been found in a variety of lineages in
 contexts ranging from foraging to social and sexual behaviours, including
 the recognition of conspecific social partners. Here we studied whether
 the recognition and rejection of avian brood parasitic eggs, another
 context for species recognition, may also involve lateralized visual
 processing. We focused on American robins (Turdus migratorius), an
 egg-rejecter host to occasional brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds
 (Molothrus ater) and tested if robins preferentially used one visual
 hemifield over the other to inspect mimetic vs. non-mimetic model eggs. At
 the population level, robins showed a significantly lateralized absolute
 eyedness index (EI) when viewing mimetic model eggs, but individuals
 varied in left vs. right visual hemifield preference. In contrast,
 absolute EI was significantly lower when viewing non-mimetic eggs. We also
 found that robins with more lateralized eye usage rejected model eggs at
 higher rates. We suggest that the inspection and recognition of foreign
 eggs represents a specialized and lateralized context of species
 recognition in this and perhaps in other egg rejecter hosts of brood
 parasites.
description: Scharf et al Laterality
 DatasetDataset for Scharf et al
 2018ScharfetalLateralityDatasetBL.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2rd3hf5
title: Data from: Food and specific macronutrient limitation in an assemblage of predatory beetles

description: Habitats vary in food resources with carnivores often being prey limited,
 but it is unclear whether habitats facilitate a nutritionally balanced
 diet. Two paradigms in nutritional ecology, ecological stoichiometry and
 nutritional geometry, predict that carnivores are limited mainly by
 protein or lipid, respectively. Using the carabid beetle Anchomenus
 dorsalis and 10 other predatory beetles from agricultural fields, we
 developed and tested two simple procedures for quantifying
 macronutrient-specific habitat conditions without requiring information
 about the natural prey. Both procedures assume that predators forage for
 nutrients rather than specific prey. Our results show that 10 of 11
 species were food limited. Five species were lipid limited and one species
 was protein limited in the field. Co-existing predator species showed
 considerable segregation of fundamental macronutritional niches. A linear
 relationship between specific nutrient limitation and the target
 lipid:protein (L:P) intake ratio indicates that species with high L:P
 target are more protein limited while species with low L:P target are more
 lipid limited. The study illustrates how species within a natural
 assemblage vary in nutritional niche and in specific nutrient limitation.
description: Nutrient limitation
 OIKOS 2019 dataData from Construction
 and test of two procedures for quantifying food and macronutrient
 limitation of predatory beetles in the field.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.38m3dc6
title: Data from: Sea urchins mediate the availability of kelp detritus to benthic consumers

description: Detritus can fundamentally shape and sustain food webs, and shredders can
 facilitate its availability. Most of the biomass of the highly productive
 giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, becomes detritus that is exported or
 falls to the seafloor as litter. We hypothesized that sea urchins process
 kelp litter through shredding, sloppy feeding, and egestion, making kelp
 litter more available to benthic consumers. To test this we conducted a
 mesocosm experiment in which an array of kelp forest benthic consumers
 were exposed to 13C- and 15N-labeled Macrocystis with or without sea
 urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, present. Our results showed that
 several detritivore species consumed significant amounts of kelp, but only
 when urchins were present. Although they are typically portrayed as
 antagonistic grazers in kelp forests, sea urchins can have a positive
 trophic role, capturing kelp litter before it is exported and making it
 available to a suite of benthic detritivores.
description: mesocosm_isotopes_2016Δ13C and δ15N values from a mesocosm experiment showing sea urchins mediate the availability of kelp detritus to benthic consumers
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5rj88j5
title: Data from: Exposure to a competitive social environment activates an epigenetic mechanism that limits pheomelanin synthesis in zebra finches

description: Competitive environments promote high testosterone levels, oxidative
 stress and, consequently, impair cellular homeostasis. The regulation of
 genes involved in the synthesis of the pigment pheomelanin in melanocytes
 seems to help to maintain homeostasis against environmental oxidative
 stress. Here, we experimentally increased social interactions in some
 zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata males by keeping them in groups of six
 birds during feather growth, while others were kept alone, to test if
 melanocytes show epigenetic lability under a competitive social
 environment. As these changes may depend on the oxidative status, we
 administrated buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to decrease the antioxidant
 capacity of some birds. The competitive environment downregulated a gene
 involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11) by changing the level of DNA
 methylation in feather melanocytes. In other genes involved in pheomelanin
 synthesis (Slc45a2, MC1R and AGRP), DNA methylation was also affected, but
 no changes in expression were detected. The exposure to the competitive
 environment did not affect systemic oxidative stress and damage,
 indicating that a protective epigenetic mechanism that changes the
 expression of Slc7a11 may have been activated. However, no changes on the
 pigmentation phenotype of birds were found, likely due to the short
 duration or low intensity of the competitive environment. BSO treatment
 did not affect the epigenetic mechanism, suggesting that the antioxidant
 capacity of birds was high enough to deal with the competitive
 environment. An epigenetic mechanism limiting pheomelanin synthesis gets
 therefore activated under exposure to a competitive environment in male
 zebra finches, which may help avoiding damage caused by competitive
 interactions.
description: Competitive social
 environment-Dryad
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.406jj88
title: Data from: Comparing ageing and the effects of diet supplementation in wild vs. captive antler flies, Protopiophila litigata

description: 1) Few studies have simultaneously compared ageing within genetically
 similar populations in both laboratory and natural environments. Such
 comparisons are important for interpreting laboratory studies, because
 factors such as diet could affect ageing in environment-dependent ways. 2)
 Using a natural population of antler flies (Protopiophila litigata), we
 conducted separate factorial experiments in 2012 and 2013 that compared
 age-specific male survival and mating success in laboratory cages versus a
 natural field environment while supplementing their diets with protein or
 sugar. 3) We found consistent and substantial increases in both survival
 and mating rates in the laboratory compared to the field, but remarkably,
 despite these large differences actuarial ageing was only higher in the
 lab than in the field in 2012 and similar in the two environments in 2013.
 In both years, there was no difference between environments in
 reproductive ageing. 4) We found that males fed protein had a higher
 mortality rate than males fed sugar (strong and low support in 2012 and
 2013 respectively). 5) In contrast, diet did not strongly impact average
 mating rates, actuarial ageing, or reproductive ageing in either
 experiment. 6) Our results provide the first evidence that the negative
 effect of protein on lifespan reported in many laboratory studies can also
 occur in wild populations, although perhaps less consistently. They also
 highlight how laboratory environments can influence life history traits
 and suggest caution when extrapolating from the laboratory to the field.
description: Mating success
 data/analyses 2012see Read
 MeMatingRate2012.zipMating success data/analyses 2013See Read MeMatingRate2013.zipSurvival data/analyses 2012See Read MeSurvival2012.zipSurvival data/analyses 2013See Read MeSurvival2013.zipRead Me Mautz, Rode et al 2019Read Me of the different zip foldersAICc functionsScript with AICc functions used for the analysesFunctions.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kk2h14b
title: Data from: Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its associated factors for pentavalent 1-3 and measles vaccine doses, in northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

description: Background: In Ethiopia, there are no studies on age-appropriate
 vaccinations that children received at the recommended specific ages.
 Therefore, we assessed age appropriate vaccination coverage and its
 associated factors among children 12 to 23 months of age in Menz Lalo
 district, northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross sectional
 study was conducted in Menz Lalo district from March to April, 2018 among
 417 mothers/caregivers with children 12 to 23 months of age using simple
 random sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested structured
 Amharic questionnaire. Age appropriate vaccination coverage was measured
 using World Health Organization vaccination schedule recommendation.
 Information about children vaccination status was collected from children
 vaccination cards. Data was entered into Epi-Info7 software and exported
 to SPSS-20 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to
 identify factors associated with age inappropriate vaccinations. A p-value
 of &lt; 0.05 was considered to sate statistically significant
 association. Results: Age appropriate vaccination coverage were 39.1% (95%
 CI: 34.1-43.6) for Pentavalent 1, 36.3% (95% CI: 30.5-40) for Pentavalent
 2, 30.3% (95% CI: 23.5-32.4) for Pentavalent 3 and 26.4% (95% CI: 18-29.4)
 for measles vaccine doses. Age inappropriate Pentavalent 1-3 vaccinations
 was associated with being male child (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.74),
 absence of telephone (AOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.6), absence of usual
 caretaker (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.2), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.9, 95%
 CI: 1.1-3.5), missing antenatal conference participation (AOR: 2.7, 95%
 CI: 1.3-5.7), first birth order (AOR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.68) and
 insufficient knowledge (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.4). Conclusion: The
 proportion of age appropriate vaccinations coverage was low in the study
 area. Modifiable factors were associated with age inappropriate
 vaccinations. Vaccination interventions should consider identified
 modifiable factors to improve age appropriate vaccinations coverage.
description: Raw data used in the
 analysisThis is a raw data
 underlying the findings reported in a submitted
 manuscript.Supporting raw
 data.sav
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.216421n
title: Data from: Contrasting forms of competition set elevational range limits of species

description: How abiotic and biotic factors constrain distribution limits at the harsh
 and benign edges of species ranges is hotly debated, partly because
 macroecological experiments testing the proximate causes of distribution
 limits are scarce. It has long been recognized—at least since Darwin’s On
 the Origin of Species—that a harsh climate strengthens competition and
 thus sets species range limits. Using thorough field manipulations along a
 large elevation gradient, we show the mechanisms by which temperature
 determines competition type, resulting in a transition from interference
 to exploitative competition from the lower to the upper elevation limits
 in burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis). This transition is an example
 of Darwin’s classic hypothesis that benign climates favor direct
 competition for highly accessible resources while harsh climates result in
 competition through resources of high rivalry. We propose that identifying
 the properties of these key resources will provide a more predictive
 framework to understand the interplay between biotic and abiotic factors
 in determining geographic range limits.
description: bb_range_limits_dataComplete results from our field breeding experiments and population density surveys.