DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17860762
title: Gravity-Induced Vacuum Displacement: Black Holes as Pressure Valves in 5D Brane Cosmology

description: 1. ABSTRACT

 

Modern cosmology faces a fundamental crisis: the unknown origin of Dark Energy (Λ) and its temporal coincidence with the era of star formation. Recent observational models suggest that black holes gain mass proportionally to the universe's expansion via "cosmological coupling," even in the absence of matter accretion, yet these models lack a clear causal physical mechanism.

 

In this paper, we propose the "Multiversal Hydraulic Injection Model." We postulate that the event horizon is not a boundary towards a point singularity, but a laminated physical structure where spacetime tissue is asymptotically anchored (zero time). The volumetric growth of these layers exerts mechanical pressure on the 5-dimensional "Bulk" (in a Brane model). Following a principle of trans-dimensional volume conservation, this pressure forces an injection of vacuum fluid into our universe, driving accelerated expansion.

 

2. INTRODUCTION

 

The Standard Model (ΛCDM) traditionally treats Black Holes (local phenomena) and Universal Expansion (global phenomenon) as disconnected events. However, recent observations by Farrah et al. (2023) in passive elliptical galaxies show a critical anomaly: supermassive black holes continue to gain mass long after exhausting their baryonic fuel. This passive growth suggests that black holes are fundamentally composed of Vacuum Energy coupled to cosmic expansion.

 

The open question is the mechanism: How can a collapsed object generate expansion? We reject the interpretation of this being a mere mathematical correlation. We propose a mechanical and topological solution based on embedding geometry and dimensional fluid mechanics, where extreme gravity acts as the physical engine of expansion.

 

3. THE HYPOTHESIS: LAMINATION AND 5D PRESSURE

 

Our theory redefines the internal structure of the black hole and its interaction with extra-dimensional space.

 

3.1. Lamination Topology and the Deep Paraboloid

To describe black hole geometry, we revisit the classical structure of "Flamm’s Paraboloid" (gravity well), reinterpreting its formation dynamics:

 

A) Temporal Anchoring (t=0):

At the limit of the Schwarzschild radius, proper time halts (g_tt → 0). We postulate this is not merely a coordinate singularity, but a physical event of "freezing." Both incident matter and the local spacetime tissue itself lose their temporal evolution, becoming physically "anchored" at the horizon's radial coordinate.

 

B) Summation of Horizons:

As new layers of spacetime tissue anchor over previous ones, their gravitational fields sum up. This does not elastically stretch space, but cumulatively deepens the gravitational well (the Paraboloid). The black hole grows by generating an increasing internal volume made of layers of "pure space" and historical mass, without the need for a central singularity.

 

3.2. Hydraulic Mechanism (Pump and Valve)

Adopting the Brane Cosmology model (Randall-Sundrum), where our universe is a membrane in a 5D Bulk:

 

A) The Pump (Black Holes): The accumulation of rigid "zero-time" layers generates an energy density that saturates the 3-Brane's capacity, exerting perpendicular pressure on the Bulk.

 

B) Displacement Principle: The Bulk acts as an incompressible fluid. The volumetric intrusion of the black hole forces the system to inject "vacuum fluid" (fresh space) back into our brane to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium.

 

4. SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL FORMALISM

 

4.1. Proper Time Collapse

We confirm anchoring via the limit of proper time (τ) with respect to observer time (t). Matter behaves as a static null surface:

 

lim(r → Rs) [dτ / dt] = 0

 

4.2. Modified Friedmann Equation

We propose a modification to the Friedmann Equation. The expansion rate (H) does not depend on a fixed cosmological constant, but on a dynamic pressure term (Ψ) generated by the total density of black holes (ρ_BH):

 

H(t)² = (8πG / 3) * ρ_matter + Ψ_bulk(ρ_BH)

 

Where Ψ_bulk represents the hydraulic back-pressure from the 5th dimension. This predicts that universal acceleration is directly caused by the maturation of the black hole population.

 

5. DISCUSSION AND DEFENSE OF THE MODEL

 

We anticipate and refute the main objections to a static horizon and local expansion model:

 

5.1. The Paradox of Timeless Energy

Objection: How can matter exert gravity if its time is zero and it does not evolve?

Refutation: Just as a photon possesses energy, momentum, and curves space while traveling at 'c' (with null proper time), matter at the horizon operates as a static "null surface." The geometric deformation (the well) is already imprinted on the tissue; it requires no active time to attract. The gravitational "trench" remains even if the excavator is frozen in time.

 

5.2. Thermodynamics and Entropy

Objection: Does a model of ordered layers violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics (maximum entropy)?

Refutation: No. The lamination model increases surface area with each added layer. Since black hole entropy is proportional to its area (S ∝ A), the superposition of layers maximizes holographic information storage capacity. It is complex ordering, analogous to shuffling two decks of cards: layers add up, increasing total informational chaos.

 

5.3. Merger Dynamics (LIGO)

Objection: How do static objects merge?

Refutation: The merger is topological, not internal. It is the union of two external gravitational wells. "Ringdown" signals detected by LIGO are not oscillations of frozen matter, but the relaxation of surrounding spacetime trying to smooth out the new combined geometry (No-Hair Theorem).

 

5.4. The Homogeneity Problem and Cosmic Voids

Objection: If black holes are local points, why does the universe expand uniformly and not tear galaxies apart?

Refutation: We propose that baryonic matter acts as a stabilizer. Local gravity in galaxies creates tension in the brane, making it resistant to Bulk influx. "Vacuum fluid" enters through the path of least resistance: Cosmic Voids.

Thus, Black Holes are the "Pump" (generating pressure), but Voids are the "Valve" (where space enters). This guarantees the stability of local structures against global expansion.

 

5.5. Stability of Constant G and Early Universe

Objection: Does the gravitational constant G change? What expanded the universe before black holes?

Refutation: The system operates under volume conservation (recycling old space for new), keeping G stable. The model exclusively explains Late-Time Acceleration (Dark Energy); initial expansion (Big Bang) was inertial.

 

6. OBSERVABLE PREDICTIONS

 

To validate this model, we present three falsifiable observational signatures:

 

1. Passive Growth (JWST): We should observe black holes in the early universe (high redshift) that are inexplicably massive compared to their host galaxies, having gained mass via coupling rather than gas accretion.

2. Gravitational Wave Echoes: Mergers detected by future gravitational wave observatories should show secondary "echoes" in the ringdown phase, caused by waves bouncing off internal laminated layers.

3. Neutron Star Immunity: Lacking a horizon (no zero time), neutron stars do not trap vacuum layers and should not show anomalous growth coupled to expansion.

 

7. CONCLUSION

 

The Hydraulic Injection model unifies black hole physics and cosmology. We propose that the Black Hole is not a destroyer of information, but a topological transformer that anchors spacetime. By connecting this growth to 5D pressure, we explain cosmic expansion without magical constants. The universe expands because black hole gravity is pumping space from the Bulk through cosmic voids.

 

8. REFERENCES

 

[1] Farrah, D., et al. (2023). "Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes". The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 944, L31.

[2] Randall, L., & Sundrum, R. (1999). "An Alternative to Compactification". Physical Review Letters, 83, 3370-3373.

[3] Flamm, L. (1916). "Beiträge zur Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie". Physikalische Zeitschrift, 17, 448.

[4] Bekenstein, J. D. (1973). "Black holes and entropy". Physical Review D, 7, 2333–2346.

[5] Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., & Wheeler, J. A. (1973). Gravitation. W. H. Freeman.

[6] Mazur, P. O., & Mottola, E. (2004). "Gravitational Condensate Stars". PNAS.