cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.496
title: CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE ROOTS OF Garcinia schomburgkiana Pierre

description: Phytochemical investigation of the CH2Cl2 extract from the roots of Garcinia schomburgkiana led to the isolation of two new depsidones, schomburgdepsidones A and B (GS1 and GS2), and one new xanthone, schomburgxanthone A (GS3), along with eight known compounds; oliveridepsidone A (GS4), oliveridepsidone D (GS5), 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (GS6), nigrolineaxanthone E (GS7), 6-desoxyjacareubin (GS8), aucuparin (GS9), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl (GS10) and methyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-benzoate (GS11). The structures of the three new isolated compounds (GS1–GS3) were elucidated by using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The structures of the known compounds (GS4–GS11) were determined and confirmed by comparison of their 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data with previously published data. All 11 compounds were evaluated on the in vitro cytotoxicity against the KB, HeLa S-3, HT-29, MCF-7 and Hep G2 human cancer cell lines, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The tested compounds mostly showed moderate activities to inactive against the five human cancer cell lines, except for compound GS7 exhibited a good cytotoxicity against the KB, Hela S-3 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 3.17–6.07 μM. Compound GS3 showed a good cytotoxic activity against the KB cell line only, with an IC50 value of 8.14 μM. The result of the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of 11 compounds possessed moderately active of compounds GS1–GS3, GS7, GS8 and GS11 with IC50 values in the range of 23.71–80.78 μM, while the other tested compounds showed a weak activity (IC50 values &gt;100 μM).
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.497
title: Bi-orbital extreme pole clustering algorithm

description: Knowledge discovery has been adopted widely in many fields. Clustering algorithm is a step that filters or partitions data into manageable sizes. B. Kaveelerdpotjana, et al. proposed a simple and efficient the half-orbital extreme pole clustering algorithm with only a single input parameter. The algorithm uses extreme poles and the core-vector to partition a dataset into bins along this vector. Because of its simplicity to split along the core-vector, some characteristics might be lost during the clustering process. In this thesis, Bi-orbital extreme pole clustering algorithm (BOEP) extracts the secondary information along the core-vector. BOEP uses the mean-shift smoothing algorithm in each bin to group instances. It links each group based on the distance from others. The connected groups are considered to belong to the same group. This process continues until all instances in the dataset are clustered. Two types of datasets are used to measure the performance of BOEP. The first type is the simulated multivariate normal distribution datasets of one, two, and three clusters with assigned target values. BOEP is able to classified instances statistical better than HOEP, especially in the case of two and three clusters using the paired t-tests. The second type is the UCI datasets, namely, IRIS, WINE, and E-COLI. BOEP is able to find a better separation between groups comparing with HOEP, k-mean, and DBSCAN using Have and Save as the performance measure.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.498
title: EFFECT OF K3PO4 ON HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF SUGARCANE LEAVES IN ETHANOL-WATER CO-SOLVENT

description: The purpose of this project is to study the production of biocrude derived from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sugarcane leaves using co-solvent in a semi-continuous flow reactor. Experiments were carried out at a temperature range of 280 - 320 oC with appropriate pressures for 2 hours holding time. The effects of operating parameters, including various flow rates, temperatures, proportion of co-solvent and an addition of alkaline catalyst (K3PO4) on the oil yield were comprehensively investigated. The maximal biocrude1 (dichloromethane-soluble fraction) was roughly 30.63% at a temperature of 300 oC, a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min in mixture of ethanol and water (50/50 v/v) with 1 wt% K3PO4. In contrast, an increase in either catalytic concentration or a flow rate lessened the yield of biocrude1. The similar observation was also recorded in case of pure water with the presence of K3PO4. Besides, the blend of water and ethanol (25/75 v/v) dominated entirely as the most suitable ratio of co-solvent for the HTL in this system, yielding the biocrude1 of 29.47% at 300 oC, a flow rate of 1 ml/min and without the catalyst. As regards the usage of alkaline catalyst, a drastic reduction of acid compounds existed on the ingredient of biocrude1 was also determined by Karl-Fischer titration and total acid number titration. Furthermore, the elemental composition analysis outcomes indicated that the catalyst played a role as the deoxygenating agent, resulting in dwindling the oxygen content and enhancing HHV of the biocrude1. The dispersion of K3PO4 into co-solvent was attributed to both a disappearance of furfural components and an upturn in ester derivatives as apparently depicted by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.499
title: SOLUTION GENERATING THEOREMS AND TOLMAN-OPPENHEIMER-VOLKOV EQUATION FOR PERFECT FLUID SPHERES IN ISOTROPIC COORDINATES

description: Albert Einstein is one of the most famous physicists in the world, who formulated an equation to explain the most fundamental interactions of gravitation called the Einstein field equation. Due to the complexity in solving the Einstein field equation, it is accepted that some assumption must be made to reduce the complexity. One of the most popular assumptions is that of a perfect fluid sphere. It is simply performed to simulate the realistic stars. In this thesis, we introduce another method which is based on perfect fluid spheres to solve for the exact solutions. Using pure mathematical principles to construct this method, it is thus called as the solution generating theorems. In currently, we will study these solutions in the isotropic coordinates. We derive a new theorem and a corollary that map a perfect fluid sphere into another perfect fluid sphere, and then we analyze those properties of the perfect fluid spheres. Moreover, we apply this theorem with some example solutions in program Maple. Especially, we also present a new technique for the generation of perfect fluid spheres. Eventually, we obtain a new modified TOV equation, which is an equation to explain the internal structure of realistic stars such as the pressure, density, and mass profiles.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.500
title: EXPRESSION OF XYLANASE GENE FROM Penicillium citrinum IN Pichia pastoris AND Yarrowia lipolytica

description: Xylan is the major component of hemicelluloses, the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth, and contains xylose as the major component sugar. Xylanases are the main xylan degrading enzymes which hydrolyze the xylan to produce xylose and short-chain xylooligosaccharides. Xylanases have potential applications in a wide range of industries. The most of common industrial xylanases are produced from filamentous fungi which have ability to produce many xylanolytic enzymes that are difficult to purify. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of xylanase gene from Penicillium citrinum in yeast expression platform for increasing xylanase expression, purification and determine the properties of xylanase. A synthetic xylanase gene from P. citrinum was successfully cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris using either constitutive expression system under the control of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (pGAP) or inducible expression system under the control of alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (pAOX1). Expression of xylanase under control of the pGAP showed the activity 119.5 U/ml after 48 h which was higher than the native xylanase activity for 34 folds. The recombinant xylanase under the control of the pAOX1 showed the maximum activity of 676 U/ml when induced with 1% v/v methanol every 24 h for 5 days which was higher than the native xylanase activity for 193 folds. Optimal xylanase activity was observed at 55°C and pH 5, respectively. The recombinant xylanase was stable at a pH of 3 to 10. After pre-incubation at 40°C for 1 hour, the enzyme retained around 80% of the original activity. The Km and kcat were 2.8 mg/ml and 243 per s, respectively. Moreover, a synthetic xylanase gene from P. citrinum was successfully cloned and expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica using constitutive expression system under the control of translation elongation factor-1α (pTEF) using either native or preproLIP2 secretion signals. The recombinant xylanase was showed the activity higher than native xylanase for 11 and 52 folds, respectively. The recombinant xylanase using the preproLIP2 secretion signal showed the activity 180 U/ml after 48 h. Glycosylation affected the molecular mass of recombinant xylanase, which increased to larger than 60 kDa. After deglycosylation, the recombinant xylanase displayed molecular mass of 20 kDa. Optimal xylanase activity was observed at 55°C and pH 5, respectively. The recombinant xylanase was stable at a pH of 3 to 9. After pre-incubation at 40°C for 6 hour, the enzyme retained around 80% of the original activity. The Km and kcat were 5.2 mg/ml and 245 per s, respectively.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.501
title: EARLY AND LONG-TERM CELLULAR RESPONSES IN HETEROTROPH CELL SUSPENSION OF Chenopodium rubrum L. TO CHITOSAN

description: Previous finding of chitosan-induced increase of silica bodies in Dendrobium orchid hints that chitosan may enhance silicon uptake, a beneficial element for plants. To prove that, plant responses to chitosan at cellular level are prerequisite. Thus, cell suspension culture has been established from callus culture of heterotroph Chenopodium rubrum L. Subsequently, early responses of cell suspension to three different concentrations of chitosan (O-80) were determined. Transient extracellular alkalinization occurred on a concentration-dependent manner. An increase of 0.30 pH units was detected with 5 and 10 ppm chitosan and 0.55 pH units with 100 ppm. In addition, acetic acid (solvent control) induced extracellular acidification. While extracellular protein release and cell mortality was not changed by 5 and 10 ppm chitosan, it was highly increased by 100 ppm. Based on extracellular pH and vitality, chitosan at 10 ppm was applied in 60-day long-term treatment with and without silicon supplementation. After 12 days, cells acidified the medium to pH 4.0, regardless of chitosan and acetic acid. Furthermore, extracellular silicon was decreased about 70% while intracellular silicon was increased 30% similarly in all treatments. During 60 days of cultivation, intracellular silicon varied between 0.15 to 0.22 mg g-1FW in all treatments similarly. It was also observed that cell mortality was slightly higher under high silicon condition, suggesting possible silicon toxicity. In total, the results suggest that chitosan does not enhance silicon uptake under investigated condition. Interestingly, C. rubrum cells increase silicon uptake when soluble silicon is available. Beneficial role of silicon in association with H+-mediated transport and cell starvation was discussed therein.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.503
title: The Relationship Between Service Marketing Mix and Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Fitness Centers in Bangkok Metropolis.

description: The main purpose of this research was to prove the relationship between factors (Ps) in service marketing mix and customer satisfaction for fitness centers in Bangkok Metropolis. The problem simply lay in the fact that lack of work had been done with respect to customer satisfaction in the fitness centers (in Bangkok). Thus, the research had the aim to reduce the gap in literature by focusing on fitness centers in Bangkok; businesses which can be elevated and improved based on improving the customer satisfaction levels through the factors (7 Ps) of service marketing mix. The research used quantitative method of research and survey questionnaire tool to collect data from 50 fitness clubs (sample size of 500 respondents) in Bangkok. The research, after data collection and analysis, concluded that all 7 Ps of service marketing mix have a positive relationship with customer satisfaction; only four of the seven Ps of service marketing mix are proven to bring variations (positive) in the customer satisfaction levels. Thus, from the conclusions it was recommended that the five variables (People, Process, Physical Evidence, Product and Price), that cause positive variations in customer satisfaction, should be incorporated in strategic decisions as improving these variables would highly likely increase and improve the customer satisfaction levels. Recommended area of further study includes incorporating other independent variables like service quality and customer preferences.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.504
title: Risk factors of foot and mouth disease in Xayaboury Province of Lao PDR, 2011-2013

description: The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Xayaboury province the northern region of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) during the years 2011 to 2013. FMD outbreak information was provided by the Department of Livestock and Fishery, Lao PDR. Using a case-control design at the household level, questionnaires were employed to livestock owners. Information on the important aspect of general information of livestock owners, FMD control and prevention strategies, FMD emergency vaccination programs, farm size, and farm types was captured. The farm location and the elevation above the sea level were determined by a GPS tracker (Garmin GPS map 60csx, USA). The network data of animal movement between villages that matched our survey villages (29 villages) were extracted from a previous study in 2012 of Foot and Mouth Disease Control in Southeast Asia Through Application of the Progressive Control Pathway (FAO-ROK National Project) under the Department of Livestock and Fisheries of Lao PDR. A total of 434 households in 59 villages of 5 districts were interviewed and their data collected comprising 181 case households, 146 control households inside the outbreak villages and 107 control households outside the outbreak villages. Data from questionnaires and spatial data were analyzed as independent variables in the logistic regression model using FMD occurrence at the household level as a dependent variable. Network parameters were analyzed the association with FMD occurrence at the village level by non-parametric test. The results show that livestock owners who had knowledge about FMD before the outbreaks were able to better prevent their animals from FMD (P &lt;0.01) although they were less educated and administered less vaccination to their livestock. The livestock households in the community closer to a main road and selling their livestock before outbreak were at higher risk to developing FMD (P &lt;0.01). Moreover, the information of network parameters at the village level indicated that the villages with high movements of livestock were at high risk of FMD (P &lt;0.05). Based on the overall results, to reduce the chance of FMD outbreaks in the area with a low number of vaccinated livestock, the location of farm lands should be remote from a high density community and awareness of livestock owners on FMD prevention should be raised to a high priority to reduce the outbreak.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.505
title: MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION OF THAI MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE ISOLATES BY SEQUENCING OF PARTIAL VLHA GENE

description: Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), a remarkable pathogen in poultry industry, causes subclinical infection of upper respiratory tract and an infectious synovitis especially in the tendon sheaths and synovial membranes of joints. In addition, vaccination at farm level might have limitation because the information on diagnostic tests to differentiate field and vaccine strains was deficient. Although the specific detection of MS, 16S rRNA gene-based PCR, has been widely used to detect MS infected flocks, the sequencing of these gene is not suitable for strain differentiation. The vlhA gene-based PCR was designed to differentiate MS strains because it is encoding for hemagglutinin protein and other immunodominant membrane proteins which can be involving in colonization, antigenic variations, and virulence. The sequence analysis of vlhA gene were useful for typing and subtyping of MS strains based on the nucleotide insertion/deletion of proline-rich repeat (PRR) region and the nucleotide polymorphisms of RIII region in vlhA gene fragments. This study was designed to characterize Thai MS field isolates and to determine the strain differentiation between Thai field strains and vaccine strain by using sequence analysis of partial vlhA gene. In total, 20 MS field isolates submitted from registered chicken farms in Thailand during 2015, were identified as C1 (n=1), C2 (n=4), E1 (n=9), E2 (n=1), and L (n=5). The results revealed that six of nine isolates resulting in respiratory signs were type E1. In addition, four isolates from lame chickens showing joint swelling were type L with 105 nucleotides length. This study provides the first molecular data of Thai MS isolates and the first evidence of type L for being arthropathic strain. Furthermore, co-infection of MS types E and L was observed in one farm while other farms were affected by only one type of MS. The result indicated that sequence analysis of partial vlhA gene can be used as a tool for tracing MS characterization.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.506
title: Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from pigs and pork in Thai-Laos border area

description: A total of 365 Enterococcus faecalis (n=78) and Enterococcus faecium (n=287) confirmed by multiplex PCR were originated from 472 pig and pork samples in Thai-Lao border area. All PCR confirmed E. faecalis and E. faecium were determined for antimicrobial resistance phenotype, genotype and virulence genes. Eighty one isolates of E. faecalis (n=30) and E. faecium (n=51) were randomly selected and tested for their plasmid profile. E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to ampicillin (4% and 22%), chloramphenicol (36% and 12%), erythromycin (75% and 48%), gentamicin (59% and 7%), streptomycin (73% and 37%) and tetracycline (86% and 62%), respectively. The most frequent resistance pattern was ERY-GEN-STR-TET in E. faecalis (28.2%) and TET in E. faecium (13.6%). The tetM gene (82% and 56%) was the most common in both enterococci followed by tetL (64% and 46%). Antimicrobial resistance genes were more common in E. faecalis than E. faecium except ermA (P&lt;0.05). All of the int positive isolates (1.3% E. faecalis and 5.2% E. faecium) carried empty class 1 integrons without gene cassettes. The agg, cylA, gel and esp genes were found in E. faecalis while gel gene only was detected in E. faecium from Thailand (33%). Antimicrobial resistance phenotype was associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in E. faecalis while it was only associated with antimicrobial resistance genes in E. faecium. Most of the enterococci carried one to four plasmids with a molecular weight of 0.03-35 kb in E. faecium (96%) and 19-34 kb in E. faecalis (100%). The results showed that E. faecalis and E. faecium may serve as a reservoir for spread of AMR and virulence determinants in pigs, pork and humans.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2015.507
title: WHITE SPOT DISEASE (WSD) IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) IN THAILAND: EPIDEMIOLOGY, DISEASE ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND MOLECULAR TYPING

description: Prevalence of white spot disease (WSD) in an intensive shrimp culture area located in Chanthaburi province, Thailand during 2009-2014 was observed. Retrospective data of 1,952 WSD cases were analyzed for the association between WSD occurrence and climate factors negative binomial regression (NBR) models. A high number of WSD cases were found between October to February, while a less number of cases were reported during March to June, and the lowest numbers were reported in May. The multivariate NBR model indicated significant associations between an increased number of WSD cases with decreased atmospheric temperature and more variation of daily atmospheric temperature. Case-control study using logistic regression model was also used to identify the risk of WSD occurrence at farm-level in this area. Results of an interview survey of 157 intensive shrimp farms showed that farms sharing inlet water, culturing shrimp year round and with a single owner operating more than one farm were identified as WSD risk factors. The analysis also showed WSD risks to be reduced at farms that applied lime to disinfect pond bottoms and use of probiotics feeding supplementation. A total of 137 white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) samples causing disease in pond during 2007-2014 were collected from eastern and southern Thailand. The variations in their genome were analyzed using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 5 variable loci, including Indel-I, Indel-II and Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) located in ORF75, 125 and 94. Analysis of Indel-I and Indel-II showed the newly 3 WSSV genotypes identified in Thailand. These genotypes were related to WSSV from Vietnam, India, Brazil and Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the VNTRs showed high degree of variation, which at least 33 genotypes were detected. The similarity of WSSV genome in several WSSV isolated collected during 2007-2014 suggested that WSSV genome is now stable. The results from this study may be used as database for further epidemiological study of WSSV.