DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10679985
title: Data for: First experimental time-of-flight-based proton radiography using low gain avalanche diodes

description: Data for: First experimental time-of-flight-based proton radiography using low gain avalanche diodesThe associated publication can be found on https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6560/ad3326.All graphs inside the publication can be recreated with this dataset. Similar to the publication, the data for the timewalk and offset correction are only given for one sensor and one channel as they only serve a representative purpose. The raw data for all other channels can be shared upon request. Furthermore, as in the publication, the data for the water-equivalent-thickness (WET) calibration and proton radiography (pRAD) creation are given by the median and the interquartile range of the measured quantities of the individual graphs. Those data are also calibrated. If required, the raw, unprocessed data of each measurement can be shared upon request.In the following, a description of the individual files and corresponding figures in the publication is given. If not specified otherwise, the physical units are given in brackets next to the name of the corresponding physical quantity (usually first line in file):



Figure 6:



 RawToTspectrumrescaledLGAD3.txt:



Describes the re-scaled time-over-threshold (ToT) spectrum measured inside the third LGAD of the time-of-flight-based ion computed tomography (TOF-iCT) demonstrator using 800 MeV protons (Figure 6a). The first column gives the channel number on the LGAD (channelnr[#]), the second column, the ToT value measured in this channel (ToT[ps]) and the third channel, the corresponding occurrence  (counts[#]).



ToTspectrumrescaledLocMaxLGAD3.txt



Describes the re-scaled ToT spectrum measured inside the third LGAD of the TOF-iCT demonstrator using only the local ToT maxima inside each 4D-cluster. The spectrum was obtained using 800 MeV protons (Figure 6b). The first column gives the channel number on the LGAD (channelnr[#]), the second column, the ToT value measured in this channel (ToT[ps]) and the third channel, the corresponding occurrence  (counts[#]).





Figure 7:



offsetpraecalib.txt:



Describes the raw, uncalibrated time difference spectrum in LGAD3 measured between all channels on LGAD3 and a central reference channel on LGAD4 (figure 7a). The first column represents the detector channel nr in LGAD3, the second column the raw, uncalibrated time difference between LGAD3 and LGAD4 (TDiff[ns]) and the third column the number of corresponding counts (counts[#]).



offsetpraecalib.txt:



Describes the time walk and offset-calibrated time difference spectrum in LGAD3 measured between all channels on LGAD3 and a central reference channel on LGAD4 (figure 7b). The first column represents the detector channel nr in LGAD3, the second column the calibrated time difference between LGAD3 and LGAD4 (TDiff[ns]) and the third column the number of corresponding counts (counts[#]).



 praetwdata.txt:



Describes the ToT dependence of the measured time difference between LGAD1 and LGAD2 using the raw ToT of channel 31 in LGAD1 (figure 7c). The first column represents the raw, unscaled and uncalibrated ToT in LGAD 1 (ToT[ns]), the second column the measured time difference (TDiff[ns]) and the last column, the number of corresponding counts (counts[#]). A ToT cut on the reference channel on LGAD2 has been applied in advance to guarantee a correlation between only true particle hits in the second sensor.



posttwdata.txt



Describes the time walk-calibrated ToT vs TDiff spectrum using the measured time difference between LGAD1 and LGAD2 and the  ToT of channel 31 in LGAD1 (figure 7d). The first column represents the  ToT in LGAD 1 (ToT[ns]), the second column the measured time difference (TDiff[ns]) and the last column the number of corresponding counts (counts[#]). A ToT cut on the reference channel on LGAD2 has been applied in advance to guarantee a correlation between only true particle hits in the second sensor.





Figure 8:



tofinaridata.txt:



Describes the measured TOF in air through the scanner w.r.t the TOF measured at 800MeV, i.e. the median TOF value at 800MeV was subtracted from all data points (Figure 8a). The first column describes the beam energy (beamenergy[MeV]), the second column the first quartile of the measured TOF per pixel (TOFperpixelQ1[ps]), the second column the median TOF per pixel (TOFperpixelQ2[ps]) and the last column the third quartile of the measured TOF per pixel (TOFperpixelQ3[ps]).



tofinairtheodata.txt:



Describes the theoretical TOF in air through the scanner w.r.t the theoretical TOF at 800MeV, i.e. the theoretical TOF value at 800MeV was subtracted from all data points (Figure 8a).



intrinsictimeresolution.txt:



Describes the energy dependence of the intrinsic time resolution per channel measured inside LGAD1 (figure 8b). The first column represents the primary beam energy (beamenergy[MeV), the second column the corresponding energy loss in MIPs (relativeenergylossi[MIP]), the third column the first quartile of the intrinsic time resolution per LGAD channel (timeresperpixelQ1[ps]), the fourth column the median of the intrinsic time resolution per LGAD channel and the last column the third quartile of the intrinsic time resolution per LGAD channel (timeresperpixelmedian[ps],timeresperpixelQ3[ps]).





Figure 9:



wetcalib.txt



Describes the measured TOF increase per pixel w.r.t to the TOF in air (i.e. without a phantom) for a given WET and primary beam energy. The first column represents the WET of the irradiated sample (WET[mm]), the second column the used beam energy (beamenergy[MeV]), the third column the first quartile of the measured TOF distribution (TOFperpixelQ1[ps]), the fourth column the median (TOFperpixelQ2[ps]) and the sixth column the third quartile (TOFperpixelQ3[ps]).

For each energy, a fifth-order polynomial was used to fit the WET and the TOF increase (Delta TOF(E)~sum_i a_i*(WET_i )^i, with i in [0,5] ). The fit parameters are given in the following for each beam energy:



83 MeV: a_i=[-4.70496227e-02,4.64323118e-01, -2.71391535e-02,4.23655842e-03, -1.13034255e-04,1.23725678e-06]

100.4 MeV: a_i=[-3.28976022e-02,-3.68818468e-02,1.96339858e-02,7.31585040e-04, -4.38697681e-05 ,7.52163384e-07]







Figure 10:



wetsperpixel83MeV.txt



Describes the proton radiography (pCR) for 83 MeV (Figure 10a). The first column represents the x position of the pixel (x[mm]), the second column the y position of the pixel (y[mm]) and the last column the corresponding WET (WET[mm]).



wetsperpixel83MeV.txt



Describes the proton radiography (pCR) for 100.4 MeV (Figure 10b). The first column represents the x position of the pixel (x[mm]), the second column the y position of the pixel (y[mm]) and the last column the corresponding WET (WET[mm]).





Figure 11:



wetdistrdata83MeV.txt



Describes the measured TOF per pixel inside the ROI for 83 MeV protons (Figure 11a). The first column represents the lower boundary of each WET bin (WETlowerbinboundary[mm]), the second column the upper boundary of each WET bin (WETupperbinboundary[mm) and the last column the corresponding counts per bin (counts[#]).



wetdistrdata100MeV.txt



Describes the measured TOF per pixel inside the ROI for 100.4 MeV protons (Figure 11b). The first column represents the lower boundary of each WET bin (WETlowerbinboundary[mm]), the second column the upper boundary of each WET bin (WETupperbinboundary[mm) and the last column the corresponding counts per bin (counts[#]).