cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/dyqt-tj33
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Santa Barbara Basin Stable Isotope and Foraminiferal Assemblage Data to 735 ka

description: Determining the ultimate cause and effect of millennial-scale climate variability remains an outstanding problem in paleoceanography, partly due to the lack of high-resolution records predating the last glaciation. Recent cores from Santa Barbara Basin provide ~2500–5700 year “windows” of climate with ~10–50 year resolution. Ages for three cores, determined by seismic stratigraphic correlation, oxygen isotope stratigraphy, and biostratigraphy, date to ~293 ka (MIS 8), ~450 ka (MIS 12), and ~735 ka (MIS 18). These records sample the Late Pleistocene, during which the 100 kyr cycle strengthened and the magnitude of glacial-interglacial cyclicity increased. Thus, these records provide a test of the dependence of millennial-scale behavior on variations in glacial-interglacial cyclicity. The stable isotopic (d18O) composition of planktonic foraminifera shows millennial-scale variability in all three intervals, with similar characteristics (duration, cyclicity) to those previously documented during MIS 3 at this site. Stadial G. bulloides d18O values are 2.75–1.75‰ (average 2.25‰) and interstadial values are 1.75–0.5‰ (average 1‰), with rapid (decadal-scale) interstadial and stadial initiations of 1-2‰, as in MIS 3. Interstadials lasted ~250–1600 years and occurred every ~650–1900 years. Stadial paleotemperatures were 3.5–9.5°C and interstadial paleotemperatures were 7.5–13°C. Upwelling, evidenced by planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and d13C, increased during interstadials, similar to MIS 3; high productivity during some stadials was reminiscent of the Last Glacial Maximum. This study builds upon previous records in showing that millennial-scale shifts were an inherent feature of Northern Hemisphere glacial climates since 735 ka, and they remained remarkably constant in the details of their amplitude, cyclicity, and temperature variability.
description: Provided Keywords: stadial, interstadial, glacial
DOI: 10.25921/d3xh-rq53
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kairaitis - Stakliskes - QURO - ITRDB LITH042

description: Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the widely used and dendrochronologically investigated species in Europe. Still, it is a problematical dating object if its outermost section is missing partly or totally. Thus, we need sapwood estimation of living trees. As sapwood amount varies geographically, numbers of sapwood rings have been published for different regions in Europe but no such estimation has been done for the Baltic States yet. Therefore, this paper deals with the estimation of pedunculate oak sapwood growing in the eastern Baltic region, i.e. in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

In total, 668 oak core samples of living trees from 43 stands were investigated. Ring widths were measured and the number of sapwood rings was determined according to two criteria: difference of colour and absence of tyloses in earlywood vessels. The samples were divided into two sets, according to the tH-values between site chronologies and the major geobotanical sub-provinces. Thus, the nine Finnish and western Estonian sites were attributed to the western region and the 34 eastern Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian sites to the eastern region.

As the result of a statistical analysis, we explain that the number of oak sapwood rings ranges from 4.09 to 20.85 and 6.45 to 18.02 within 95% confidence limits in the western and eastern regions, respectively. For the three Baltic countries and southern Finland in general, we recommend to consider a sapwood estimate of 6.18-18.71 rings. Regarding earlier studies, the general European trend of decreasing sapwood ring number towards the east was confirmed. A geographical pattern of eastward decrease of the median sapwood ring number was noticed in the Baltics as well. The chronology based upon 668 samples of living oak trees from all sites covered the period of 1631-2008.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2gxv46
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 546 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Carthamus tinctorius",
 "Country is Sweden",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 546 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006384-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/dtsw-wt61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Oppo et al. 2006 North Atlantic ODP980 MIS5 Sediment Data

description: Detailed faunal, isotopic, and lithic marine records provide new insight into the stability and climate progression of the last interglacial period, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, which peaked approximately 125,000 years ago. In the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, at the latitude of Ireland, interglacial warmth of the ice volume minimum of substage 5e (MIS 5e) lasted ~10,000 years (10 ka) and its demise occurred in two cooling steps. The first cooling step marked the end of the climatic optimum, which was 2-3 ka long. Minor ice rafting accompanied each cooling step; the second, larger, step encompassing cold events C26 and C25 was previously identified in the northwestern Atlantic. Approximately 4C of cooling occurred between peak interglacial warmth and C25, and the region experienced an additional temporary cooling of at least 1-2C during C24, a cooling event associated with widespread ice rafting in the North Atlantic. Beginning with C24, MIS 5 was characterized by oscillations of at least 1-2C superimposed on a generally cool baseline. The results of this study imply that the marine climatic optimum of the last interglacial was shorter than previously thought. The finding that the eastern subpolar North Atlantic cooled significantly before C24 reconciles terrestrial evidence for progressive climate deterioration at similar and lower latitudes with marine conditions. Our results also demonstrate a close association between modest ice rafting, cooling, and deep ocean circulation even during the peak of MIS 5e and in the earliest stages of ice growth.
description: High resolution faunal, isotopic, and lithic marine records and SST reconstruction from North Atlantic core ODP 980 (55 29'N, 14 42'W, 2169 m depth) over the last interglacial period, Marine Isotope Stage 5, ~125,000 years before present.
DOI: 10.25921/dmc1-5z20
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Chipman fire data from Tungak Lake, Yukon-Kuskowim Delta, Alaska - IMPD USTG-001

description: Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleofire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, much shorter than the natural fire rotation in Arctic tundra regions. Here we report results of charcoal analysis on lake sediments from four Alaskan lakes to infer the broad spatial and temporal patterns of tundra-fire occurrence over the past 35 000 years. Background charcoal accumulation rates are low in all records (0-0.05 pieces cm-2 yr-1), suggesting minimal biomass burning across our study areas. Charcoal peak analysis reveals that the mean fire-return interval (FRI; years between consecutive fire events) ranged from ca. 1650 to 6050 years at our sites, and that the most recent fire events occurred from ca. 880 to 7030 years ago, except for the CE 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire. These mean FRI estimates are longer than the fire rotation periods estimated for the past 63 years in the areas surrounding three of the four study lakes. This result suggests that the frequency of tundra burning was higher over the recent past compared to the late Quaternary in some tundra regions. However, the ranges of FRI estimates from our paleofire records overlap with the expected values based on fire-rotation-period estimates from the observational fire data, and the differences are statistically insignificant. Together with previous tundra-fire reconstructions, these data suggest that the rate of tundra burning was spatially variable and that fires were extremely rare in our study areas throughout the late Quaternary. Given the rarity of tundra burning over multiple millennia in our study areas and the pronounced effects of fire on tundra ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, dramatic tundra ecosystem changes are expected if anthropogenic climate change leads to more frequent tundra fires.
description: Chronology and macroscopic charcoal counts (number of pieces >125 microns) from Tungak Lake, Yukon-Kuskowim Delta, Alaska.

Provided Keywords: tundra fire-regimes, Arctic, Alaska

Additional Information:
Contact person:	Feng Sheng Hu
Sample storage location:	University of Illinois, Urbana.
Sampling date:	2012
Site size(ha):	117
Location description:	Low-Shrub tundra
State/Province:	Alaska
Water depth(cm):	14.8
Sampling device:	All cores were taken with a combination of 7.5 cm livingstone, 5 cm livingstone, and 7.5 cm polycarbonate tube;	
Analysis method:	Macroscopic charcoal counts (>125 microns). Please see Chipman et al. 2015 for details
DOI: 10.25921/dffp-7q97
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - WAIS Divide Ice Core 2,000 Year Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Data

description: Changes in atmospheric circulation over the past five decades have enhanced the wind-driven inflow of warm ocean water onto the Antarctic continental shelf, where it melts ice shelves from below. Atmospheric circulation changes have also caused rapid warming over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and contributed to declining sea-ice cover in the adjacent Amundsen-Bellingshausen seas. It is unknown whether these changes are part of a longer-term trend. Here, we use water-isotope (d18O) data from an array of ice-core records to place recent West Antarctic climate changes in the context of the past two millennia. We find that the d18O of West Antarctic precipitation has increased significantly in the past 50 years, in parallel with the trend in temperature, and was probably more elevated during the 1990s than at any other time during the past 200 years. However, d18O anomalies comparable to those of recent decades occur about 1% of the time over the past 2,000 years. General circulation model simulations suggest that recent trends in d18O and climate in West Antarctica cannot be distinguished from decadal variability that originates in the tropics. We conclude that the uncertain trajectory of tropical climate variability represents a significant source of uncertainty in projections of West Antarctic climate and ice-sheet change.
description: WAIS Divide ice cores WDC05A and WDC06A oxygen and hydrogen isotope data for the past 2,000 years.
DOI: 10.25921/drvj-c044
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Vostok, Antarctica 350 Year Ice Core Deuterium Data and Temperature

description: Based on the results of geochemical and glaciological investigations in snow pits and shallow cores, regional stack series of air temperature in central Antarctica (in the southern part of Vostok Subglacial Lake) were obtained, covering the last 350 years. It is shown that this parameter varied quasi-periodically with a wavelength of 30-50 years. The correlation of the newly obtained record with the circulation indices of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) shows that the central Antarctic climate is mainly governed by the type of circulation in the SH: under conditions of zonal circulation, negative anomalies of temperature and precipitation rate are observed, whereas the sign of the anomalies is positive during meridional circulation. In the 1970s the sign of the relationship between many climatic parameters changed, which is likely related to the rearrangement of the climatic system of the SH. The data suggest that during the past 350 years such events have taken place at least five times. The stable water isotope content of the central Antarctic snow is governed by the summer temperature rather than the mean annual temperature, which is interpreted as the influence of 'post-depositional' effects. 
description: Ice core deuterium (dD) data and temperature reconstruction from snow pits and shallow cores at Vostok, Antarctica. PAGES2k notes: Temp inferred from accumulation rate; defer to isotopes
DOI: 10.25921/d6xp-gc87
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bay of Plenty, New Zealand Deglacial Planktonic Stable Isotope Data

description: This study examined sources of mixed layer and shallow subsurface waters in the subtropical Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, across the last deglaciation (~30-5 ka). d18O and d13C from planktonic foraminifera Globgerinoides bulloides and Globorotalia inflata in four sediment cores were used to reconstruct surface mixed layer thickness, d18O of seawater (d18OSW) and differentiate between high- and low-latitude water provenance. During the last glaciation, depleted planktonic d18OSW and enriched d13C (-0.4-0.1 per mil) indicate surface waters had Southern Ocean sources. A rapid d13C depletion of ~1 per mil in G. bulloides between 20 and 19 ka indicates an early, permanent shift in source to a more distal tropical component, likely with an equatorial Pacific contribution that persisted into the Holocene. At 18 ka, a smaller but similar shift in G. inflata d13C depletion of ~0.3 per mil suggests that deeper subsurface waters had a delayed reaction to changing conditions during the deglaciation. This contrasts with the isotopic records from nearby Hawke Bay, to the east of the North Island of New Zealand, which exhibited several changes in thermocline depth indicating switches between distal subtropical and proximal subantarctic influences during the early deglaciation ending only after the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Our results identify the midlatitude subtropics, such as the area around the North Island of New Zealand, as a key region to decipher high- versus low-latitude influences in Southern Hemisphere shallow water masses.
description: Stable isotope (d18O and d13C) from planktonic foraminifera (G. inflata and G. bulloides) in 4 sediment cores collected in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand for the deglacial interval (~30 - 5 KYrBP).
DOI: 10.25921/d66b-q088
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kunashir Island 400 Year Temperature Reconstruction

description: Climate variability of the Northwest Pacific is determined, on the one hand, by global climatic processes and, on the other hand, by the specific features of the region. Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) plays a key role here. It determines the spatial and seasonal redistribution of air temperature, temperature of surface water, and precipitation. In this paper, we make an attempt to estimate long-term temperature variations (from tens to hundreds of years), which occurred on the Earth's surface of Kunashir Island over the last 400 years.  This study is based on borehole temperature data and tree-ring records. Merging these data, which operate in different frequency ranges, is not trivial and not yet sufficiently developed.
description: Temperature history of Kunashir Island based on the joint borehole temperature and tree-ring data. Elevation estimated from Google Earth; rounded to 100 m; Not a temperature proxy.
DOI: 10.25921/d622-bs79
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Juan de Fuca Ridge Sediment Physical Property Data over the last 700,000 Years

description: Sedimentation near mid-ocean ridges may differ from pelagic sedimentation due to the influence of the ridges' rough topography on sediment deposition and transport. This study explores whether the near-ridge environment responds to glacial-interglacial changes in climate and oceanography. New benthic d18O, radiocarbon, multi-sensor track, and phys- ical property (sedimentation rates, density, magnetic susceptibility) data for seven cores on the Juan de Fuca Ridge pro- vide multiple records covering the past 700,000 years of oceanographic history of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. System- atic variations in sediment density and coarse fraction correspond to glacial-interglacial cycles identified in benthic d18O, and these observations may provide a framework for mapping the d18O chronostratigraphy via sediment density to other locations on the Juan de Fuca Ridge and beyond. Sedimentation rates generally range from 0.5 to 3 cm/kyr, with back- ground pelagic sedimentation rates close to 1 cm/kyr. Variability in sedimentation rates close to the ridge likely reflects remobilization of sediment caused by the high relief of the ridge bathymetry. Sedimentation patterns primarily reflect di- vergence of sedimentation rates with distance from the ridge axis and glacial-interglacial variation in sedimentation that may reflect carbonate preservation cycles as well as preferential remobilization of fine material.
DOI: 10.25921/dxjp-t289
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stahle - Quanah Mountain - QUST - ITRDB OK028

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/d8v8-v318
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Villalba - Paso del Viento - AUCH - ITRDB ARGE086

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-13. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-29.
DOI: 10.25921/dn39-ve39
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - South Australia Subantarctic Benthic Foraminifera Cd/Ca, Mn/Ca and Carbon Isotope Data

description: New measurements of Cd/Ca ratios for glacial benthic foraminifera from the continental shelf and slope off Tasmania and South Australia are presented. When combined with glacial carbon isotope measurements [Lynch-Stieglitz et al., 1994], these data from the glacial Subantarctic Zone suggest that a water mass with a high value of the conservative tracer δ13Cas occupied not only the shallow (1–2 km) portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans but was present in the glacial Subantarctic as well. The oceanic Cd concentrations, Cdw, predicted for the glacial Subantarctic are intermediate between those from the glacial Atlantic and the glacial Pacific, supporting the idea that Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water may have reached the intermediate depth Pacific via the Antarctic Circumpolar Circulation [Lynch-Stieglitz and Fairbanks, 1994].
description: Data comes from these South Indian Ocean cores:
 Core Name Lat Lon Depth
 RS67-GC3 -37.55 138.583 1476 m
 RS67-GC13 -38.465 140.167 2525 m
 RS67-GC16 -38.333 140.182 1650 m
 RS67-GC27 -38.648 141.192 506 m
 RS78-GC18 -41.385 144.233 814 m
 SO36-SL7 -42.31 144.67 1085 m
 SO36-SL17 -42.05 144.59 1042 m
         Provided Keywords: Australia, benthic foraminifera, isotopes, Last Glacial Maximum
DOI: 10.25921/dpmm-a443
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - White Moon Cave, California 8.2ka Speleothem Stable Isotope Data

description: A fast-growing stalagmite from the central California coast provides a high-resolution record of climatic changes synchronous with global perturbations resulting from the catastrophic drainage of proglacial Lake Agassiz at ca. 8.2 ka. High frequency, large amplitude variations in carbon isotopes during the 8.2 ka event, coupled with pulsed increases in phosphorus concentrations, indicate more frequent or intense winter storms on the California coast. Decreased magnesium-calcium ratios point toward a sustained increase in effective moisture during the event, however the magnitude of change in Mg/Ca suggests this event was not as pronounced on the western North American coast as anomalies seen in the high northern latitudes and monsoon-influenced areas. Nevertheless, shifts in the White Moon Cave record that are synchronous within age uncertainties with cooling of Greenland, and changes in global monsoon systems, suggest rapid changes in atmospheric circulation occurred in response to freshwater input and associated cooling in the North Atlantic region. Our record is consistent with intensification of the Pacific winter storm track in response to North Atlantic freshwater forcing, a mechanism suggested by simulations of the last deglaciation, and indicates this intensification led to increases in precipitation and infiltration along the California coast during the Holocene.
description: Stable isotope (d13C and d18O) data from a stalagmite collected in White Moon Cave, California 	for the 8.2ka climate event
DOI: 10.25921/dj1z-xv70
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Niger Delta Stable Isotope and Geochemistry Data during the Last Deglaciation

description: Widespread drought characterized the Heinrich 1 and Younger Dryas cold periods of the last deglaciation throughout much of Africa, causing large increases in dust emissions from the Sahara and Sahel. At the same time, increases in wind strength may have also contributed to dust flux, making it difficult to interpret dust records alone as reflecting changes in rainfall over the region. The Niger River has the third largest drainage basin in Africa and drains most of the Sahara and Sahel and thus preserves and propagates climatic signals. Here, we present new reconstructions of Niger Delta sea surface salinity and Niger River discharge for the last 20,000 years in order to more accurately reconstruct the onset of the Western African Monsoon system. Based on calculated d18OSEAWATER(d18OSW) and measured Ba/Ca ratios in planktonic foraminifera, these new records reflect changes in sub-Saharan precipitation across the Niger River Basin in West Africa and reveal that the West African Monsoon system began to intensify several thousand years after the equatorial Monsoon system in Central Africa. We also present new records of primary productivity in the Niger Delta that are related to wind-driven upwelling and show that productivity is decoupled from changes in Niger River discharge. Our results suggest that wind strength, rather than changes in monsoon moisture, was the primary driver of dust emissions from the Sahara and Sahel across the last deglaciation.
description: Provided Keywords: Deglaciation, G. ruber, abrupt climate change, West African Monsoon, Mg/Ca temperature, sea surface temperature, Ba/Ca ratios, Niger delta, Younger Dryas, Heinrich Event 1, LGM