cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/32eaf811-be10-40cb-9794-7c5a1b97a915
title: Benthic organic matter of Welsh upland rivers in response to organic matter addition (2013)

description: These data are benthic organic matter stocks of coarse and fine particulate organic matter in eight Welsh upland rivers with contrasting land-use, moorland and exotic conifer, in response to riparian deciduous leaf addition. Eight sampling reaches were chosen at two sites, Llyn Brianne (4 reaches) and Plynlimon (4 reaches). The experiment consisted of adding deciduous leaves to half of the reaches whilst the other half were maintained as a control (no addition of deciduous leaves). To characterise the benthic organic matter of the studied streams, a Surber net was used to collect monthly samples during 2013 on January (before deciduous leaf addition) and from February to April (after deciduous leaf addition) in each sampling reach. 

The main goal of this survey was to examine how aquatic biodiversity and organic matter stocks respond to leaf addition in moorland and conifer forested rivers. Dr Isabelle Durance was responsible of organising the surveys, Marian Pye was in charge of collecting, processing and sorting the samples. The work was carried out under Diversity in Upland Rivers for Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project (Grant reference NERC NE/J014818/1). DURESS was a project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme.


description: Each stream was divided into an upstream control zone and a downstream experimental zone. Samples of benthic organic matter were collected using surber nets. Deciduous leaves were added directly to the stream and by fixing 'Onion bags' of leaves the stream bed and bank. Samples were collected using surber nets on five occasions, January (3-16/01/2013), February (4-7/02/2013), March (11-14/03/2013), April (3-8/04/2013) and May (22-26/05/2013) in all the streams in both the upstream reference zones and downstream experimental zones. Samples were immediately preserved in 70 per cent industrial methylated spirit on-site. In the laboratory, samples were rinsed in tap water over a 350 micrometre sieve, and all macroinvertebrates were separated from debris and preserved in 70 per cent IMS. The remaining material was then rinsed and retained on a 1mm sieve (Endecotts Ltd., UK), dried to constant temperature and weighed to the nearest 0.01gramme. Results were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. Data was exported to a comma separated value files for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC).
DOI: 10.5285/9df83130-e98f-48b0-bbfc-32f5920eedb0
title: Pan-trap survey data from the UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme, 2017-2021

description: This dataset contains samples and occurrences of insects and flowers collected for the 1 km square survey of the UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS). It covers the years 2017 to 2021 (note that 2017 was a pilot year and has less data than subsequent years, and that the survey first became active in Northern Ireland in 2021, which was a pilot year in that country).

This survey uses pan-traps positioned on transects within a randomly allocated set of 1 km squares across the UK. The sample data contains information on the location of the traps, various environmental variables, and the total number of insect specimens collected. The occurrence data for insects contains records of all hoverflies and bees from the traps, identified (wherever possible) to species level. The occurrence data for flowers contains records of all forbs that are in flower within 2 metres of each pan-trap station. (In addition, Flower-Insect Timed Counts are carried out in the same 1 km squares, see separate dataset for these data.)

UK PoMS is coordinated by UKCEH, with involvement from the following partners: Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Butterfly Conservation, British Trust for Ornithology, Buglife, Hymettus, Natural History Museum, the University of Reading and University of Leeds, and working with recording schemes and societies.

UKPoMS is advised and supported by a Steering Group, involving UKCEH, JNCC, DAERA, Defra, NatureScot, Welsh Government, All-Ireland Pollinators Plan, and SASA.
description: Data are collected by PoMS volunteers and staff from up to 95 1 km squares, during four visits each summer, aiming for one visit in each month from May to August/September.  There will be gaps in the data where a square cannot be visited during a particular year or month. At each visit, five pan-traps are positioned in a transect across the 1 km square, and left in position for approx. six hours. The insects trapped are returned to the PoMS laboratory, where all insects are sorted into main taxonomic groupings and counted, and all bees and hoverflies are passed to taxonomic experts for identification to species level where possible.
Data is entered using online forms that promote consistency in data formats. QA checks are carried out on any photos provided that show plants in flower in the vicinity of the pan-traps; bee and hoverfly identifications are cross-checked by multiple taxonomists for all rare and apparently out-of-range occurrences, plus a random sample of other occurrences.
DOI: 10.5285/46aafc00-6742-41df-b8be-09a8d5d86610
title: Experimental crop biomass and gas flux (methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia) data from continuous and intermittently flooded rice fields under different fertiliser treatments, India, July-October, 2016

description: This dataset contains rice crop biomass, and greenhouse gas flux measurements from five plots exposed to different fertiliser treatments and continuous and intermittent irrigation protocols. 

The gas flux data include methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia, which were measured using chamber methodologies. The dataset also includes irrigation protocols and site environmental properties such as soil pH, bulk density, and texture. Agronomic yields are reported in terms of rice grain and total crop harvests as well as total nitrogen use efficiency.

This dataset was created as part of an experiment carried out in rice paddies at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Delhi, India) in 2016. The experiment aimed to compare the environmental impacts of continuous and intermittent flooding of rice in relation to methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions and the implications for nitrogen use efficiency and yield. 
description: Field data was collected in India at the experimental farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Data was passed to UKCEH in the UK for further analysis.

Rice yields were determined from one square meter of area in each plot in triplicate. The total nitrogen content of the crops was estimated using the Kjeldahl method, for more information please see the supporting documentation. 

Collection of greenhouse gas samples was carried out using the static chamber technique. Concentrations of methane (CH4) in the gas samples was analysed using a gas chromatograph (GC) fitted with a flame ionization detector (FID)(GC 8A Series, Shimadzu) and nitrogen oxide samples were analysed using a GC with electron capture detector (ECD)(Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II).

Emissions of gas were measured using static chambers. Air from chambers was bubbled through 0.01N boric acid solution containing mixed indicator (methyl red and bromocresol green) using a vacuum pump with a flow rate of 3 L/min for 3.5 minutes. The volatilised ammoniacal nitrogen was determined by the titration of boric acid solution with 0.001N sulphuric acid.
DOI: 10.5285/71e5b799-fc4d-4a44-8860-a5e358c807fd
title: Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, energy and water fluxes at a commercial Miscanthus x. giganteus plantation, Lincolnshire, UK, 2013 to 2017

description: This dataset contains time series observations of surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), and momentum (τ) measured at a at a Miscanthus x. giganteus Greef et Deu (hereafter Miscanthus) plantation in Lincolnshire, UK. Turbulent flux densities were monitored using the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) technique between 4 July 2013 and 25 November 2017. The dataset includes ancillary weather and soil physics observations, as well as variables describing atmospheric turbulence and the quality of the turbulent flux observations.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological observations were made above the Miscanthus canopy using an open-path eddy covariance system. Ancillary meteorological and soil physics observations were made from a scaffold tower at the northern end of the plantation. 

Turbulent flux densities were calculated from the raw EC data using the EddyPRO® Flux Calculation Software Version 6.1. 

Quality Control of EC data involved removal of statistical outliers and tests that theoretical requirements for the successful application of the EC technique were not violated significantly. Data gaps in EC data (NEE, LE, H) were filled using the Marginal Distribution Sampling approach. Gaps in key meteorological variables (SWin, LWin, Ta, RH) were filled using linear relationships derived from weather stations located in adjacent fields. 

Further details are available in the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/e5190fd0-2995-42aa-aca0-80714abde768
title: Public perceptions of tidal energy - survey data collected in 2018 from residents living in Weston-super-Mare, Minehead and the Taw-Torridge estuary, SW England

description: Results of a survey undertaken in 2018 involving a range of open and closed questions intended to elicit local residents’ values they attach to the importance of coastal attributes and their perceptions of various tidal and wave energy development characteristics. Three case study sites were selected: Weston-super-Mare, Minehead, and the Taw-Torridge Estuary, South-West UK.
description: The survey was undertaken by a survey company commissioned by Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML). The company obtained data through door-to-door surveys, inputting responses straight into custom-designed survey templates on a hand-held tablet platform. Data were subsequently collated in a password-protected excel spreadsheet and forwarded to the PML research team liaison point.
DOI: 10.5285/26b8ddd4-09fd-4e40-a556-6a8f3a7481ea
title: Soil moisture product merged from satellite and modelled data for Great Britain, April 2015-December 2017

description: A soil moisture product for Great Britain at two spatial resolutions: 12.5km and 1km, based on triple collocation error estimation and a least-squares merging scheme. Two remote sensing soil moisture datasets (one passive microwave dataset: SMAP, and one active microwave dataset: ASCAT) and a modelled soil moisture dataset (from JULES-CHESS land surface model) were combined to produce this dataset.

The dataset covers the period going from 1st April 2015 to 31st December 2017, at a daily timestep, and is available at two spatial resolutions: 12.5km; and 1km, which has been obtained after resampling all three underlying datasets to a 1km resolution.
description: A merged dataset blending two remote sensing (ASCAT and SMAP) and one modelled (JULES-CHESS land surface model) soil moisture datasets was produced under the NERC funded HydroJULES programme. The merging was done using Triple Collocation Analysis which minimises the errors from a statistical point of view, producing an improved product, continuous in time and space.
Evaluation using in-situ soil moisture measurements from the COSMOS-UK network shows that the merged soil moisture integrates the characteristics of model simulation and satellite observations and particularly improves the limited temporal variability of the JULES-CHESS simulation.

Soil moisture is of fundamental importance to many hydrological, biological biochemical and meteorological processes. Accurate information about soil moisture is therefore valuable to a wide range of stakeholders.

Despite this, widespread, continuous and reliable measurements of soil moisture are currently not widely available. Remote sensing satellite data provides regional soil moisture data, but the accuracy is variable and missing data frequent. Soil moisture models, on the other hand, provide continuous data both in time and space, but are indirect estimates based on numerical simulations rather than observations and do not always capture the temporal dynamic of drying and wetting accurately.
DOI: 10.5285/91cabe3d-877d-4fca-91a0-900cce793607
title: Rainfall and runoff record for experimental microcatchments in peatlands at Kinder Scout (2010-2021) and Stalybridge (2019-2022), Peak District, UK

description: This dataset contains rainfall and runoff records, from pre- and post-restoration microcatchments (0.4-4 hectares), at two peatland sites in the Peak District, UK. Discharge data are provided as litres per second and rainfall data as millimetres. The Kinder Scout site contains 3 microcatchments with discharge records covering 2010-2021 at 10-minute timesteps. The Stalybridge site contains 10 microcatchments covering 2019-2022 at 5-minute timesteps. Different microcatchments had different restoration treatments, please refer to documentation for specific details.
description: Runoff data were collected using V-notch weirs installed across an erosional gully at microcatchment outlets. Pressure transducers recorded the height of water above the V-notch, which was subsequently converted to discharge using a weir equation. Manual stageboard readings and depth of flow above the v-notch were measured at the time of downloading pressure transducer data. Sensor depth at the time of manual readings was used to calibrate sensor depth to height of flow above the V-notch. 
Rainfall data were collected using a tip bucket rain gauge. These recorded rainfall at a resolution of 0.2mm. 
More details on data collection, calibration and QA are available in the documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/21e8957f-48b2-4e29-8aa5-247cf060a59c
title: Daily plot level (micro meteorological) data at Climoor field site in Clocaenog Forest, UK, 2024

description: This dataset presents daily data from temperature and soil moisture sensors in each experimental plot (n=9 plots). Soil temperature is measured at 5 cm and 20 cm soil depth (degrees Celsius), and soil moisture is measured as soil volumetric water content (m3 per m3).

Data were collected from the climate change field site Climoor that is located in Clocaenog forest, NE Wales. The experimental field site consists of three untreated control plots (Plots 3, 6 and 9), three plots where the plant canopy air is artificially warmed during night time hours (Plots 1, 2 and 7) and three plots where rainfall is excluded from the plots at least during the plants growing season (Plots 4, 5 and 8).

Data is an extension for the micromet datasets 1998-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2021 and 2022-2023 covering the time period January 2024 to December 2024. Soil temperatures are measured with a T107 sensor from Campbell scientific. Soil moisture is measured with CS616 sensors from Campbell scientific. Temperature and moisture data are logged in minute intervals and are averaged as half-hourly. 

The Climoor field experiment intents to answer questions regarding the effects of warming and drought on ecosystem processes. The reported plot level temperature and soil moisture data are important to evaluate the effect of the imposed climatic treatments on ecosystem processes and functioning.

Data collection, processing and quality checks were carried out by UKCEH staff.

More detailed information about the field site, measurements and related datasets can be found in the documentation accompanying the data.
description: Data are recorded in minute intervals, automatically averaged to half-hourly by the data-logger and stored as such. Half-hourly data are transferred from loggers at the field site to UKCEH servers via a remote telemetry system. Each morning, the previous day's data are transferred.

The dataset combines daily data from temperature and soil moisture sensors in each experimental plot (there are nine plots). Soil temperature is measured at 5 centimetre (cm) and 20 cm soil depth (degrees Celsius). Air temperature is measured 20 cm above the soil surface (degrees Celsius) and soil moisture is measured as soil volumetric water content (m3 per m3). Soil and air temperatures were measured with a T107 sensor, and soil moisture was measured with CS616 sensors, both from Campbell scientific. 

An automated script transfers data to a shared network drive. Data quality checking was done at the end of each calendar year by an experienced member of the team. Data files were combined using an R script. Data were then averaged to daily records. Data was visually inspected and erroneous values were removed, taking into account the seasonal cycle. Data which were not recorded are marked with “NA”, faulty data were replaced by “-9999”. Data were saved as .csv.
DOI: 10.5285/71d3619c-4439-4c9e-84dc-3ca873d7f5cc
title: Vegetation plot data from the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, Wales 2013-2016

description: This data set includes records of plant species and abundance from within a wide range of land use types across Wales, collected as part of the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP).

The monitoring programme was set up by the Welsh Government in 2013 to monitor the effects of the Glastir agri-environment scheme on the environment and ran from 2013 to 2016.

The field survey element was based on a stratified random sampling design of 300 x 1km square sites across Wales, and was managed by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
description: Within each of 300 x 1km sample squares across Wales, a set of vegetation plots of varying sizes were recorded by professional botanists, comprising covers of vascular plants.  Data were recorded on electronic recording devices, and then transferred to secure databases at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.

To ensure confidentiality of the data with respect to land owners and managers, the locations of 1km squares and survey sites were converted to the centres of the containing 10km Ordnance Survey grid squares.
DOI: 10.5285/aaf7d914-7208-41ea-89a6-128048bd99f2
title: Diatom silica oxygen isotope and n-alkanoic acid hydrogen isotope composition of sediments from Lake Suigetsu, Japan (22,000 to 10,000 cal BP)

description: This dataset contains information about the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of bulk diatom silica, and the compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of n-alkanoic acids with different chain lengths. Samples originated from the Lake Suigetsu sediment cores. Data is provided on an approximately centennial (100-year) resolution from 22,040 cal BP to 9,980 cal BP (n = 120). To accompany this data, the mass-normalised total lipid extract and n-alkanoic acid concentrations of key chain length n-alkanoic acids are provided. This data was collected to infer changes to the East Asian Winter Monsoon and East Asian Summer Monsoon during Glacial Termination I. 

This work was supported by the National Environmental Isotope Facility (grant number 2308.0920) and the NERC IAPETUS2 Doctoral Training Partnership.
description: Materials for this study were taken from the Lake Suigetsu sediment cores and split into two – one half designated for stable oxygen isotope analysis (δ18O) of bulk diatom silica and the other half for compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope analysis (δ2H) of the C16, C18, C28 and C30 n-alkanoic acids. Each set of samples underwent chemical preparation to isolate the components required following standard preparation methodologies. Bulk diatom silica oxygen isotopes were measured using stepwise fluorination followed by GC-IRMS analysis. This data was then corrected for residual contamination using a mass balance approach. Compound-specific n-alkanoic acid hydrogen isotopes were measured using a GC-IRMS connected via a furnace. This data was corrected for methylation using a similar mass balance approach.
DOI: 10.5285/57748e4f-d0a4-4648-8a61-bd1c2066db1e
title: Water chemistry measured from peatland sub-catchments in the Flow Country, Scotland following a wildfire 2019-2020

description: The dataset contains water chemistry data collected from peatland headwaters across the Flow Country following a wildfire in May 2019. Samples were collected on a monthly basis  from 52 sites across the region from September 2019 to October 2020. Sampling sites were selected to represent peatland catchments in the following conditions: burned near natural, burned drained, unburned near natural, unburned drained and unburned forested. Data were obtained via collection of water samples in situ, and concentrations were derived via subsequent sample processing and analysis.  
description: All data were generated by the authors. During the generation of water chemistry data, calibration standards of known concentrations were used for quality control of instrument outputs.
DOI: 10.5285/5de90f7a-dec9-4bd5-af52-d0873a09d25d
title: Biomass of Trifolium repens versus Lolium perenne after ozone exposure in solardomes

description: The data are biomass measurements from an ozone exposure experiment, during which Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne were exposed as both monocultures and two-species mixtures to an episodic rural ozone regime in large, well-watered containers within solardomes for 12 weeks. Treatments were elevated ozone (AOT40 (Accumulated Ozone Threshold exposure of 40 parts per billion) of 12.86 ppm h) or control conditions (AOT40 of 0.02 ppm h). Measurements were dry weight, with a cutting height of 7cm above soil level. The distribution of plant material within the canopy was determined by separating material growing in the upper canopy (>14cm) from the canopy edge and the inner canopy for both species. The experiments were carried out in the CEH Bangor Air Pollution Facility. Work was funded by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Integrating Fund Initiative. The observed decreases in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity in elevated ozone indicate that the ability of such ubiquitous vegetation to act as a sink for atmospheric carbon may be reduced in future climates.
description: Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne were exposed as both monocultures and two-species mixtures to an episodic rural ozone regime in large, well-watered containers within solardomes for 12 weeks. Treatments were elevated ozone (AOT40 of 12.86 ppm h) or control conditions (AOT40 of 0.02 ppm h). There were reductions in biomass for T. repens, but not L. perenne, and the proportion of T. repens decreased in ozone-exposed mixtures compared to the control. In addition, leaf biomass of T. repens was maintained at the expense of biomass partitioning to the stolons. The decreased growth corresponded with decreased photosynthetic capacity for T. repens, however, by the end of the exposure there was also decreased photosynthetic capacity of L. perenne, a species previously considered insensitive to ozone. The observed decreases in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity in elevated ozone indicate that the ability of such ubiquitous vegetation to act as a sink for atmospheric carbon may be reduced in future climates.