DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcck2
title: Impact of climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range

description: Natural enemies of plant pathogens might play an important role in
 controlling plant disease levels in natural and agricultural systems. Yet,
 plant pathogen-natural enemy interactions might be sensitive to climatic
 changes. Understanding the relationship between climate, plant pathogens,
 and their natural enemies is thus important for developing
 climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture. To this aim, we recorded shade
 cover, daily minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, coffee
 leaf rust, and its hyperparasite at 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia
 during the dry and wet season for two years.  Coffee leaf rust
 severity was positively related to the maximum temperature. Hyperparasite
 severity was higher when the minimum temperature was low (i.e. in places
 with cold night temperatures). While canopy cover did not have a direct
 effect on rust severity, it reduced rust severity indirectly by lowering
 the maximum temperature. Canopy cover had a direct positive effect on the
 hyperparasite severity during one surveying period.  Synthesis
 and applications. Our findings highlight that coffee leaf rust and its
 hyperparasite are both affected by shade cover and temperature, but in
 different ways. On the one hand, these niche differences lead to the
 worrying prediction that levels of coffee leaf rust will increase, and its
 hyperparasite will decrease, with climate change. On the other hand, these
 niche differences between coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite provide
 opportunities to develop strategies to manage the environment (such as
 shade cover and microclimate) in such a way that the rust is disfavored
 and the hyperparasite is favored.
description: <strong>Usage Notes</strong> These
 datasets were collected in Gomma and Gera districts in southwestern
 Ethiopia at 58 sites during the dry and rainy seasons
 (2018–2020).  Details for each dataset are provided in
 the README file. Datasets included:
 1) Microclimate variables Average
 daily minimum temperature (°C):  for each year was calculated by averaging
 the minimum temperature for both the dry (November to February) and rainy
 (April to July) seasons.  Average daily maximum
 temperature (°C): for each year was calculated by averaging the maximum
 temperature for both the dry (November to February) and rainy (April to
 July) seasons. Monthly average of the daily mean
 relative humidity (%): for each year was calculated by averaging the
 relative humidity for both the dry (November to February) and rainy (April
 to July) seasons.  2) Coffee leaf rust and
 its hyperparasite Coffee leaf rust severity
 (%): the percentage of rust on a per-leaf basis of all leaves for both the
 dry and rainy seasons. Hyperparasite-to-rust ratio
 (%): the average percentage of rust covered by the hyperparasite for both
 the dry and rainy seasons. Hyperparasite severity
 (%): the percentage of hyperparasite on a per-leaf basis of all leaves,
 irrespective of whether they had rust or not, both for the dry and rainy
 seasons. 3) Canopy cover (%): was assessed
 based on five canopy pictures taken above coffee height and analysed using
 ImageJ software as the percentage of black pixels. The average of the five
 canopy cover percentages was used as a canopy cover (%) per
 site.  4) Elevation (m.a.s.l): was measured using
 Garmin GPS at the center of each plot. 
description: # Impact of climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee
 in its native range 
 GENERAL INFORMATION 1\. Title of Dataset: Impact of climate on a
 host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range
 Ayalew, Biruk; Hylander, Kristoffer; Adugna, Girma; Zewdie, Beyene; Tack
 J.M, Ayco 2\. Date of data collection: 2018–2020 3\. Geographic location
 of data collection: Gomma and Gera districts, southwestern Ethiopia 4\.
 Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the
 data: Swedish Research Council (2019-04493) and Bolin Centre for Climate
 Research SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1\. Licenses/restrictions placed on
 the data: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain 2\. Links to other
 publicly accessible locations of the data: None 3\. Links/relationships to
 ancillary data sets: None 4\. Was the data derived from another source? No
 5\. Recommended citation for this dataset: Ayalew, B., Hylander, K.,
 Adugna, G., Zewdie, B., & Tack, A. J. M. (2023). Data from: Impact of
 climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its
 native range. Dryad Digital Repository,
 DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
 1\. Number of variables: 29 2\. Number of cases/rows: 58 3\. Variable
 List: * Site_ID: coffee farms (site) where data collected * Elevation: the
 geocoordinates of study sites * Canopy_cover (%): canopy cover *
 Min_temp_Wet_season_2018: Wet season minimum temperature (°C) during 2018
 * Max_temp_Wet_season_2018: Wet season maximum temperature (°C) during
 2018 * RH_Wet_season_2018: Wet season relative humidity (%) during 2018 *
 Min_temp_Dry_season_2019: Dry season minimum temperature (°C) during 2019
 * Max_temp_Dry_season_2019: Dry season maximum temperature (°C) during
 2019 * RH_Dry_season_2019: Dry season relative humidity (%) during 2019 *
 Min_temp_Wet_season_2019: Wet season minimum temperature (°C) during 2019
 * Max_temp_Wet_season_2019: Wet season maximum temperature (°C)during 2019
 * RH_Wet_season_2019: Wet season relative humidity (%)during 2019 *
 Min_temp_Dry_season_2020: Dry season minimum temperature (°C)during 2020 *
 Max_temp_Dry_season_2020: Dry season maximum temperature (°C)during 2020 *
 RH_Dry_season_2020: Dry season relative humidity (%) during 2020 *
 CLR_Sev_Dry_Season_2018: Coffee leaf severity (%) during dry season 2018 *
 CLR_Sev_Wet_Season_2018: Coffee leaf severity (%) during wet season 2018 *
 CLR_Sev_Dry_Season_2019: Coffee leaf severity (%) during dry season 2019 *
 CLR_Sev_Wet_Season_2019: Coffee leaf severity (%) during wet season 2019 *
 CLR_Sev_Dry_Season_2020: Coffee leaf severity (%) during dry season 2020 *
 Hyper_to_rust_ratio_Dry_2018_Log: Hyperparasite-to-rust ratio (%) during
 dry season 2018 (log transformed) * Hyper_to_rust_ratio_Wet_2018_Log:
 Hyperparasite-to-rust ratio (%) during wet season 2018 (log transformed) *
 Hyper_to_rust_ratio_Dry_2019_Log: Hyperparasite-to-rust ratio (%) during
 dry season 2019 (log transformed) * Hyper_to_rust_ratio_Wet_2019_Log:
 Hyperparasite-to-rust ratio (%) during wet season 2019 (log transformed) *
 Hyper_Sev_Dry_Season_2018_Log: Hyperparasite severity (%) during dry
 season 2018 (log transformed) * Hyper_Sev_Wet_Season_2018_Log:
 Hyperparasite severity (%) during wet season 2018 (log transformed) *
 Hyper_Sev_Dry_Season_2019_Log: Hyperparasite severity (%) during dry
 season 2019 (log transformed) * Hyper_Sev_Wet_Season_2019_Log:
 Hyperparasite severity (%) during wet season 2019 (log transformed) *
 Hyper_Sev_Dry_Season_2020_Log: Hyperparasite severity (%) during dry
 season 2020 (log transformed) 4\. Missing data codes: NA 5\. Specialized
 formats or other abbreviations used: None \# For more information on the
 data set: *Contact*: ****