DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15f75
title: Riverine flow rate drives widespread convergence in the shell morphology of imperiled freshwater mussels

description: Frequent and strong morphological convergence suggests that determinism
 tends to supercede historical contingencies in evolutionary radiations.
 For many lineages living within the water-column of rivers and streams,
 hydrodynamic forces drive widespread morphological convergence. Living
 below the sediment-water interface may release organisms from these
 hydrodynamic pressures, permitting a broad array of morphologies and thus
 less convergence. However, here, we show that the semi-infaunal freshwater
 mussels have environmentally determined convergence in shell morphology.
 Using 3D morphometric data from 715 individuals among 164 Nearctic
 species, we find that species occurring in rivers with high flow rates
 have evolved traits that resist dislodgement from their burrowed position
 in the streambed: thicker shells for their body size, with the thickest
 sector of the shell being the most deeply buried. Species occurring in
 low-flow environments have evolved thinner and more uniformly thickened
 shells, corresponding to an alternative adaptation to dislodgement:
 increased burrowing efficiency. Within species, individuals also show
 increased shell thickness for their body size at higher flow rates,
 suggesting that ecophenotypy may, in part, be an important mechanism for
 establishing populations in new environments and thus evolutionary
 divergence in this highly imperiled invertebrate group.
description: # Riverine flow rate drives widespread convergence in the shell morphology
 of imperiled freshwater mussels
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15f75](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15f75) ## \#\#\# data\.zip Compressed data directory with the following files and folders: ## \#\#\#\# data/dataset\_Keogh\_etal\_amblemine\.xlsx \- Spreadsheet with 4 sheets: 1\. field\_codes: definitions of fields in subsequent sheets\. 2\. all\_meshes: the specimens used in this study with taxonomic\, habitat use\, georeferencing\, museum\, and scanning information\. 3\. species\_traits: Aggregated species habitat use traits and phylogenetic tip names\. 4\. phylogeny; in newick format ## \#\#\# data/mesh/ \- 3D mesh files \(\.ply format\) for specimens used in the study\. Includes mesh surfaces cut into interior \(INT\) and exterior \(EXT\) surfaces\. \- 3D surface mesh files for specimens used in the study are in binary "Polygon File Format" or "\`\.ply\` format\." Binary ply files can be opened with many CAD or 3D modeling softwares \(e\.g\. Meshlab\)\. For details on the PLY file format\, refer to: https://en\.wikipedia\.org/wiki/PLY\_\(file\_format\)\. Filenames begin with the meshid of the object \(refer to \`all\_meshes\` sheet in \`dataset\_XX\_etal\_amblemine\.xlsx\`\)\. Those files appended with '\\\_EXT\.ply' are subsets of the full mesh to only the 'exterior' surface of the shell valve \(see Methods in paper for details\)\. Files appended with '\\\_INT\.ply' are subsets of the full mesh to only the 'interior' surface of the shell valve \(see Methods in paper for details\)\. ## \#\#\# data/LM/ Includes point landmarks and semilandmarks for beak point (beak), commissure (comm), and hinge line. Note: some specimens beak point was digitized separately while in others the beak point is the first landmark in the comm file. ## \#\#\# data/trees/ -Includes tree (with collapsed nodes) used for phylogenetic comparative methods: Yule\_HKY\_collap.new -Includes alignment files (nexus format) and BEAUTI file for BEAST analysis in /input files/ -Includes output files from LogCombiner and TreeAnnotator and a PDF of the tree with posterior support ## \#\#\# data/CsizeThick/ Stored data files for centroid size and median shell thickness for each mesh. They can accessed using R. See R script Keogh\_etal\_amblemine.R. ## \#\#\# data/mixef\_models/ Folder containing the results of Bayesian mixed effect models. See lines 576-1962 in R script Keogh\_etal\_amblemine.R for how to access files. ## \#\#\# R\.zip Compressed data directory with the following files and folders: ## \#\#\# R/ sessionInfo.txt -- R software version and package versions used for analyses. Keogh\_etal\_amblemine.R -- R script for reproducing analyses in the manuscript. fun\_Keogh\_etal\_amblemine.R -- helper functions for main R script. GenBank.R -- R script to retrieve GenBank sequences for phylogenetic analysis <br>