cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8013
title: Data from: Ecology and evolution of the diaspore 'burial syndrome'

description: Hygroscopically active awns or "bristles" have long intrigued
 scientists. Experimental evidence shows that they are important for
 diaspore burial in the correct orientation, thereby increasing successful
 seed germination and seedling survival. Despite these ecological
 advantages, 38 of the 280 species of grasses in Danthonioideae lack awns.
 We provide the first study of awns in a phylogenetic context and show that
 whilst the awnless state has arisen ca. 25 times independently, the
 ecological disadvantage of not having an awn also applies in an
 evolutionary context. Only in Tribolium and Schismus have awnless
 ancestors diversified to form a clade of primarily awnless descendents.
 Several of the awnless species in these genera are annual and we find a
 significant correlation between the evolution of awns and the evolution of
 life history. A suite of other diaspore traits accompany the awned or
 awnless states. We interpret the awn as being the visible constituent of a
 compound "burial syndrome", the two ecological extremes of which
 may explain the correlation between awns and life history and provide an
 explanation why awnless species in Tribolium and Schismus persist.
description: Appendix_ICharacter states and callus lengths for each species. The species are the 280 species of Danthonioideae (Poaceae). Characters are awns, lemma indumentum, callus indumentum, callus length and life history. Awns are coded as present (0) or absent (1). Absence of an awn denotes species in which the awn is altogether absent or reduced to a ‘mucro’, i.e. reduced beyond hygroscopic function. Callus and lemma indumentum are coded as villous (0) or glabrous (1), with ‘glabrous’ coded only for those species that never produce hairs on these surfaces. Polymorphic species are coded as (0). Life history was coded as perennial (0) or annual (1). Four species of Pentameris are biannual and these were coded as perennial to distinguish species that survive as adult plants for more than one growing season from those that do not.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fj7kd
title: Data from: Fire and non-native grass invasion interact to suppress tree regeneration in temperate deciduous forests

description: 1. While many ecosystems depend on fire to maintain biodiversity,
 non-native plant invasions can enhance fire intensity, suppressing native
 species and generating a fire–invasion feedback. These dynamics have been
 observed in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, but fire–invasion interactions
 in temperate deciduous forests, where prescribed fires are often used as
 management tools to enhance native diversity, have rarely been
 investigated. 2. Here we evaluated the effects of a widespread invasive
 grass on fire behaviour in eastern deciduous forests in the USA and the
 potential effects of fire and invasions on tree regeneration. We planted
 native trees into invaded and uninvaded forests, quantified fuel loads,
 then applied landscape-scale prescribed fires and no-burn controls, and
 measured fire behaviour and tree seedling and invasive plant performance.
 3. Our results show that fires in invaded habitats were significantly more
 intense, including higher fire temperatures, longer duration and higher
 flame heights, even though invasions did not alter total fuel loads. The
 invasion plus fire treatment suppressed native tree seedling survival by
 54% compared to invasions without fire, and invasions reduced natural tree
 recruitment by 66%. 4. We also show that invasive plant biomass did not
 change from one season to the next in plots where fire was applied, but
 invader biomass declined significantly in unburned reference plots,
 suggesting a positive invasive grass–fire feedback. 5. Synthesis and
 applications. These findings demonstrate that fire–invasion interactions
 can have significant consequences for invaded temperate forest ecosystems
 by increasing fire intensity and reducing tree establishment while
 promoting invasive plant persistence. To encourage tree regeneration and
 slow invasive spread, we recommend that forest managers remove invasions
 prior to applying prescribed fires or avoid the use of fire in habitats
 invaded by non-native grasses.
description: Fire intensity and
 fuelsTree seedling survival
 and growth 2009 20102010 prescribed fire
 summary data and Mv biomassNatural tree
 regenerationMv biomass 2009 and
 2010
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9987q2k
title: Data from: Can mixed singing facilitate coexistence of closely related nightingale species?

description: Knowledge of the mechanisms facilitating the coexistence of
 closely-related competing species is crucial for understanding
 biodiversity patterns. The concept of convergent agonistic character
 displacement (ACD) suggests that interspecific interference competition
 may lead to convergence in territorial signals between species, which
 helps to establish interspecific territoriality and thus facilitate the
 species coexistence. Despite a strong theoretical background, however,
 empirical evidence for convergent ACD in nature is still scarce. Here we
 tested whether mixed singing (i.e., copying of elements from songs of a
 closely related sympatric species) in the Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia
 luscinia) in a secondary contact zone with the Common Nightingale (L.
 megarhynchos) could represent a case of convergent ACD. Using playback
 experiments, we measured the intensity of physical and vocal territorial
 responses of Common Nightingale males to three stimuli: conspecific song,
 pure heterospecific song and mixed heterospecific song of the Thrush
 Nightingale. We found that Common Nightingale males showed a stronger
 physical territorial response to conspecific than both pure and mixed
 heterospecific songs. However, the intensity of vocal territorial response
 significantly increased with the presence of Common Nightingale elements
 in the stimuli, being lowest to pure heterospecific songs, intermediate to
 mixed heterospecific songs and strongest to conspecific songs. These
 results indicate that mixed singing in the Thrush Nightingale may indeed
 be a case of convergent ACD. Our findings highlight the potential
 importance of mixed singing in facilitating species coexistence in the
 early stages of divergence.
description: Data file including
 information about experimentsA XLS spreadsheet
 containing information on individual experiments testing responses of
 Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) males in a contact zone with
 the Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) to playback of three types of
 stimuli: pure conspecific song (LM), pure heterospecific song (LL), and
 mixed heterospecific song (mix).Souriau_et_al_2018_Behav_Ecol_Source_data.xlsData file including information about experimentsA tab-delimited TXT file containing information on individual experiments testing responses of Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) males in a contact zone with the Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) to playback of three types of stimuli: pure conspecific song (LM), pure heterospecific song (LL), and mixed heterospecific song (mix).Souriau_et_al_2018_Behav_Ecol_Source_data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9g1ns087
title: Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in the strength of selection against deleterious alleles and the mutation load

description: According to current estimates of genomic deleterious mutation rates
 (which are often of the order 0.1 - 1) the mutation load (defined as a
 reduction in the average fitness of a population due to the presence of
 deleterious alleles) may be important in many populations. In this paper,
 I use multilocus simulations to explore the effect of spatial
 heterogeneity in the strength of selection against deleterious alleles on
 the mutation load (for example, it has been suggested that stressful
 environments may increase the strength of selection). These simulations
 show contrasted results: in some situations, spatial heterogeneity may
 greatly reduce the mutation load, due to the fact that migrants coming
 from demes under stronger selection carry relatively few deleterious
 alleles, and benefit from a strong advantage within demes under weaker
 selection (where individuals carry many more deleterious alleles); in
 other situations, however, deleterious alleles accumulate within demes
 under stronger selection, due to migration pressure from demes under
 weaker selection, leading to fitness erosion within those demes. This
 second situation is more frequent when the productivity of the different
 demes is proportional to their mean fitness. The effect of spatial
 heterogeneity is greatly reduced, however, when the response to
 environmental differences is inconsistent across loci.
description: programC++ simulation program representing an infinite island model with two types of demes, and deleterious mutations occurring at an infinite number of linked loci.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.885sn
title: Data from: Partial migration: growth varies between resident and migratory fish

description: Partial migration occurs in many taxa and ecosystems and may confer
 survival benefits. Here, we use otolith chemistry data to determine
 whether fish from a large estuarine system were resident or migratory, and
 then examine whether contingents display differences in modelled growth
 based on changes in width of otolith growth increments. Sixty-three per
 cent of fish were resident based on Ba : Ca of otoliths, with the
 remainder categorized as migratory, with both contingents distributed
 across most age/size classes and both sexes, suggesting population-level
 bet hedging. Migrant fish were in slightly better condition than resident
 fish based on Fulton's K condition index. Migration type (resident
 versus migratory) was 56 times more likely to explain variation in growth
 than a model just incorporating year- and age-related growth trends. While
 average growth only varied slightly between resident and migratory fish,
 year-to-year variation was significant. Such dynamism in growth rates
 likely drives persistence of both life-history types. The complex
 relationships in growth between contingents suggest that management of
 species exhibiting partial migration is challenging, especially in a world
 subject to a changing climate.
description: Gillanders et al BL
 growth measurements etc on fish otolithsInformation from
 sectioned fish otoliths collected in the Coorong estuary, South Australia
 between 2008 and 2012. Includes fish code (fishid), year of capture (year
 cap), salinity (salinity), age at capture (agecap), length (length; fish
 total length in mm), sex (sex; female, F vs male, M), partial migration
 status (partial; R, resident vs M, migratory), Fulton's K condition
 index (fulton) and anu1 … anu31 (growth increment measurements for each
 annulus commencing at the 1st full increment (i.e. excludes from core to
 1st increment) and moving towards the edge of the otolith, but excluding
 the incomplete growth increment on the edge of the otolith). NA indicates
 missing data. Where NA occurs for growth increment data, these increments
 had unclear growth zones.Gillanders et al BL
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ck32j
title: Data from: Intra-population variation in the natal origins and wing morphology of overwintering western monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus

description: Understanding the natal origins of migratory animals is critical for
 understanding their population dynamics and conservation. However,
 quantitative estimates of population recruitment from different natal
 habitats can be difficult to assess for many species, especially those
 with large geographic ranges. These limitations hinder the evaluation of
 alternative hypotheses about the key movements and ecological interactions
 of migratory species. Here, we quantitatively investigated
 intra-population variation in the natal origins of western North American
 monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus using spatial analyses of stable
 isotope ratios and correlations with wing morphology. A map of hydrogen
 isotope values in western monarch butterfly wings (δ2Hm) was estimated
 using a transfer function that relates the δ2Hm values of monarch
 butterfly wing keratin to a long-term dataset of precipitation isotope
 (δ2Hp) values across the western United States. Isotopic analyses of 114
 monarch butterfly wings collected at four California overwintering
 locations indicated substantial individual variation in natal origins,
 with most recruitment coming from broad regions along the Pacific coast,
 the southwestern US, and the northern intermountain region. These observed
 patterns may partially resolve and reconcile several past hypotheses about
 the natal origins of western monarch butterflies, while also raising new
 questions. More negative δ2Hm values (associated with longer migratory
 distance) were significantly correlated with larger forewing sizes,
 consistent with expectations based on the aerodynamic and energetic costs
 of long-distance migration, while analyses of wing shape suggest potential
 differences in the movement behaviors and constraints observed in the
 western range, compared with previous observations in eastern North
 America. Taken together, the results of this study indicate substantial
 individual variation in the natal origins of overwintering western monarch
 butterflies, suggesting both local and long-distance movement to
 overwintering sites.
description: Combined CA Monarchs SIA
 2015-09-11 Morphological wing
 measurements and isotope data for collected monarch butterflies. Includes
 basic demography, localities, and <em>Ophryocystis</em>
 <em>elektroscirrha</em> checks. Also includes preliminary
 (unpublished) spectrophotometric data - these data are incomplete and
 should not be used.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.st557
title: Data from: Geographically distinct patterns of reproductive isolation and hybridisation in two sympatric species of the Jaera albifrons complex (marine isopods)

description: Sympatric species that in some populations hybridize and in other
 populations remain reproductively isolated open interesting research
 possibilities for the study of hybridization and speciation. Here we test
 for such a situation in two littoral isopods (Jaera albifrons and J.
 praehirsuta) that occur in mixed populations and where past morphological
 descriptions suggested that the two species are generally reproductively
 isolated except in rare populations where hybridization may be happening.
 Using field surveys and microsatellite genetic structure analyses in two
 regions from France (Normandy and Brittany), we confirmed that
 introgressive hybridization occurs in a subset of mixed J. albifrons / J.
 praehirsuta populations (region Normandy) where the two species are found
 in the same habitat (pebbles on the shore). Moreover, we found that
 introgression in these populations is differential, 21 out of 23
 microsatellite markers showing little genetic divergence between species
 (hierarchical analysis of molecular variance FCT=0.017) while the
 remaining two loci were strongly differentiated (FCT=0.428). By contrast,
 J. albifrons and J. praehirsuta in mixed populations from region Brittany
 occupied distinct habitats (pebbles and seaweeds, respectively) with
 little overlap and showed stronger genetic divergence (FCT=0.132). In
 hybridizing populations, the majority of individuals show morphological
 traits that are characteristic of one or the other species. This raises
 the question of the forces that act to maintain this polymorphism, noting
 that hybridizing populations seem to be geographically isolated from
 potential source parental populations and show no detectable habitat
 divergence between species.
description: Individual genotypes of
 Jaera albifrons, J. praehirsuta and intermediate morphotypes obtained at
 23 microsatellite markersWe used 23
 microsatellite markers in order to describe the genetic differentiation
 between Jaera albifrons, Jaera praehirsuta, and intermediate phenotypes in
 two regions from France (Normandy and Brittany). Individual genotypes are
 grouped in this data file.Final_Data_Microsat_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.31rq4
title: Data from: Population genetics of Braun’s rockcress (Boechera perstellata, Brassicaceae), an endangered plant with a disjunct distribution

description: Boechera perstellata is an endangered plant found only in middle Tennessee
 and north central Kentucky. After sampling 4 Tennessee and 3 Kentucky
 populations, genetic variability and population structure were examined
 for this species using isozymes, chloroplast DNA, and microsatellites
 (averaging 35, 29, and 27 individuals per population per class of marker,
 respectively). The only genetic variability detected for 23 isozymes was a
 fixed difference between Tennessee and Kentucky populations at 1 locus.
 Fixed differences between populations of the 2 states were also observed
 for 3 chloroplast markers. Polymorphism at 19 nuclear microsatellites was
 74% at the species level and averaged 21% at the population level.
 However, observed heterozygosity was extremely low in all populations,
 ranging from 0.000 to 0.005. High F IS values (0.93) suggest that Boechera
 perstellata is a primarily selfing species. Tennessee populations have
 more genetic diversity than Kentucky populations of B. perstellata.
 Microsatellite markers revealed substantial genetic divergence between the
 states and genetic differences among populations within each state.
 Analysis of molecular variance indicates that most variability in this
 species occurs between the 2 states (49%) and among populations within
 each state (42%), with relatively little variation found within
 populations (9%). These data indicate that there is very little gene flow
 among populations of B. perstellata and that it is important to protect as
 many populations as possible in order to conserve the genetic diversity of
 this rare species.
description: Boechera perstellata
 microsatellite dataThis Excel file is in
 GenAlEx format (Peakall and Smouse, 2006). Data are from 19 microsatellite
 loci for a maximum of 205 Boechera perstellata plants.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pr421
title: Data from: Escaping peril: perceived predation risk affects migratory propensity

description: Although migratory plasticity is increasingly documented, the ecological
 drivers of plasticity are not well understood. Predation risk can
 influence migratory dynamics, but whether seasonal migrants can adjust
 their migratory behaviour according to perceived risk is unknown. We used
 electronic tags to record the migration of individual roach (Rutilus
 rutilus), a partially migratory fish, in the wild following exposure to
 manipulation of direct (predator presence/absence) and indirect (high/low
 roach density) perceived predation risk in experimental mesocosms.
 Following exposure, we released fish in their lake summer habitat and
 monitored individual migration to connected streams over an entire season.
 Individuals exposed to increased perceived direct predation risk (i.e. a
 live predator) showed a higher migratory propensity but no change in
 migratory timing, while indirect risk (i.e. roach density) affected timing
 but not propensity showing that elevated risk carried over to alter
 migratory behaviour in the wild. Our key finding demonstrates
 predator-driven migratory plasticity, highlighting the powerful role of
 predation risk for migratory decision-making and dynamics.
description: Data from: Escaping
 peril: perceived predation risk affects migratory
 propensityAll data from
 experimental manipulation of perceived risk and subsequent monitoring of
 migration propensity. All analyses were performed in SPSS
 21.0.0.0Hulthen_
 et_al_Dryad_BL_2015.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r3cr7
title: Data from: Relative deprivation and relative wealth enhances anti-immigrant sentiments: the v-curve re-examined

description: Previous research has shown that negative attitudes towards immigrants and
 support for anti-immigrant parties are observed both among those
 experiencing relative deprivation and those experiencing relative
 gratification (so called v-curve). Whereas the effect of relative
 deprivation is intuitive, the effect of relative gratification is more
 difficult to explain. Why would economic prosperity provoke negative
 attitudes towards immigrants? We first present correlational (Study 1) and
 experimental (Study 2) support for the v-curve. In Study 1, in a national
 Swiss referendum, a higher percentage anti-immigrant voting was found in
 cantons with relatively lower and relatively higher relative disposable
 income. In Study 2, in a hypothetical society, more opposition to
 ‘newcomers’ joining society was found among poor or above average wealth
 group members than among those in a moderate wealth group condition. In
 Study 3, we replicate this finding and also show that opposition to
 immigration is higher for all wealth groups when societal inequality is
 growing rather than declining. In a final study, we examine different
 forms of relative gratification and mediators of the relationship between
 relative gratification and opposition to immigration (i.e.,
 identification, collective self-definition as competent and cold, and fear
 about future wealth). Only fear about future wealth mediates this
 relationship. We conclude that, paradoxically, relative gratification
 effects are partly due to the fear of future deprivation.
description: Study
 1Data
 is gathered from publicly available data bases and compiled with the
 software package SPSS. (Canton_ID = Switzerland Canton name, RDI=relative
 disposable income, seats=seats in national parliament, totvote = total
 votes per canton, Yes_percentage=percentage that vote
 yes)Study
 2Data
 is collected through surveys and compiled with the software package
 SPSS.Datafile contains item pertaining to Opposition to Immigration
 (OTI).Study
 3Data
 is collected through surveys and compiled with the software package SPSS.
 Containing similar items to Study 2.Study
 4Data
 is collected through surveys and compiled with the software package SPSS.
 (Preseco=present economy, futeco=future economy, pasterco=past
 economy)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg8q200
title: Data from: Testing for latitudinal gradients in defense at the macroevolutionary scale

description: Plant defences against herbivores are predicted to evolve to be greater in
 warmer climates, such as lower latitudes where herbivore pressure is also
 thought to be higher. Instead, recent findings are often inconsistent with
 this expectation, suggesting alternative hypotheses are needed. We tested
 for latitudinal gradients in plant defence evolution at the
 macroevolutionary scale by characterizing plant chemical defences across
 80 species of the evening primroses, spanning both North and South
 America. We quantified phenolics in leaves, flowers and fruits, using
 advanced analytical chemistry techniques. Dominant individual ellagitannin
 compounds, total concentrations of ellagitannins, flavonoids, total
 phenolics, and compound diversity were quantified. Variation in these
 compounds were predicted with latitude, temperature, precipitation, and
 continent using phylogenetic generalized least squares multiple regression
 models. Latitude did not strongly explain patterns for the chemical
 defences. Instead, fruit total ellagitannins, oenothein A and total
 phenolics were greater in species inhabiting regions with colder climates.
 Using analytical chemistry and 80 species in two continents, we show that
 contrary to classic predictions, concentrations of secondary metabolites
 are not greater at lower latitudes or in warmer regions. We propose higher
 herbivore pressure in colder climates and gradients in resource
 availability as potential drivers of the observed patterns.
description: Latitudinal plant
 defence across OnagraceaePlant chemical defence
 data for 80 species across Onagraceae and associated geographical and
 environmental variables.macro.data.xlsx