cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305448
title: Determinants of farmers’ loyalty to dairy processors in Minas Gerais, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: The current study explores variables associated with the loyalty of dairy farmers to dairy processors in the Brazilian context. A multivariate discrete choice (Logit) model and alternative formulations assess the associations between loyalty metrics and farm and processor characteristics for a sample of 32 dairy farmers in 16 municipalities at the Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais. Twenty-two dairy processors were identified as milk buyers in the area studied, but each farmer indicated that they could sell to an average of five alternative buyers of milk. Farmers’ attributes such as production scale or the technological level are not statistically significantly associated with loyalty in this sample. The current milk price paid to farmers in our sample is not associated with increased loyalty (sales to a single processor for 6 or more years) in all estimated models; although, further research on this impact is merited to inform buyer-pricing policy. Variables associated with increased loyalty include payment of premiums for quality, farmer years of experience and cooperation among farmers in the purchase of inputs. Delayed payment is associated with reduced loyalty. We could not determine the effect of participation in technical assistance programs offered by processors on loyalty, because in our sample all farmers received free university-provided technical assistance. The payment of a premium based on milk volume was also unassociated with loyalty determination. The small size of our sample limits the ability to generalize our results but provides exploratory results that facilitate future investigation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305445
title: Models for optimizing selection based on adaptability and stability of cotton genotypes

description: ABSTRACT: In multi-environment trials (MET), large networks are assessed for results improvement. However, genotype by environment interaction plays an important role in the selection of the most adaptable and stable genotypes in MET framework. In this study, we tested different residual variances and measure the selection gain of cotton genotypes accounting for adaptability and stability, simultaneously. Twelve genotypes of cotton were bred in 10 environments, and fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS), micronaire (MIC), and fiber yield (FY) were determined. Model selection for different residual variance structures (homogeneous and heterogeneous) was tested using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The variance components were estimated through restricted maximum likelihood and genotypic values were predicted through best linear unbiased prediction. The harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values (HMRPGV) were applied for simultaneous selection for adaptability, stability, and yield. According to BIC heterogeneous residual variance was the best model fit for FY, whereas homogeneous residual variance was the best model fit for FL, FS, and MIC traits. The selective accuracy was high, indicating reliability of the prediction. The HMRPGV was capable to select for stability, adaptability and yield simultaneously, with remarkable selection gain for each trait.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305444
title: Perspectives of intrauterine artificial insemination applicability in gilts

description: ABSTRACT: The application of the intrauterine artificial insemination (IUAI) technique allows optimization of a swine production system due to the reductions in volume and number of sperm cells in the insemination dose, and by reducing the time taken to perform the insemination. However, IUAI is not recommended for gilts due to the difficulty of intrauterine cannula passage through the cervix. This difficulty is associated mainly with the fact that the reproductive tract is smaller in gilts than in pluriparous females. However, few studies have evaluated the application of IUAI in gilts. In these studies, there are variations in approach concerning the definition of the success rate for cannula passage through the cervix, the type of cannula and the body characteristics of the gilts used, making it difficult to extrapolate the recommendation for the use of IUAI in gilts. Considering the evidence that such characteristics influence or even determine the success of the application of IUAI, there is a necessity for an understanding of the influence of these factors in the improvement and later application of the technique. Gilts represent about 15-20% of the breeding group, and the use of IUAI could optimize the processes of insemination on farms. The approach used in this review highlights the aspects that could aid in structuring further studies for improving IUAI in gilts, allowing its use on commercial farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305442
title: Carcass traits, commercial cuts, tissue composition, intake, digestibility, and performance of Sindhi bulls subjected to feed restriction

description: ABSTRACT: This study showed the effect of feed restriction on performance, nitrogen balance (NB), microbial protein synthesis, carcass traits and meat cut of the thirty-two Sindhi non-castrated males (296 ± 21.3 kg initial BW and 21 ± 1.5 months old). All bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (feed restriction levels) (0, 15, 30, and 45% in total dry matter -DM) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. Nutrient intake, NB, final BW, total gain, feeding efficiency, carcass gain, hot and cold carcass weight, subcutaneous fat thickness, commercial cuts and fat tissue decreased linearly (P&lt;0.05) by feed restriction level. A linear increased on digestibility of DM, NDFap, total carbohydrates and on the proportion of muscle tissue, as well as quadratic increase on non-fibrous carbohydrates and bone tissue percentage with the restriction level imposed on bulls (P&lt;0.05). The feed restriction did not affect (P&gt;0.05) the digestibility of crude protein, synthesis and microbial efficiency, deposition efficiency, longissimus dorsi area and muscle + fat/bone ratio. The feed restriction reduced intake and consequently performance, carcass traits and meat cuts of Sindhi bulls; however, it promoted a reduction in the N excretion, which can be important if conducted a subsequent compensatory weight gain.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305440
title: Physically effective fiber changes nutrient levels of total mixed ration and fecal parameters in beef feedlots

description: ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of the physically effective fiber (peNDF) content on nutrient composition of the total mixed ration (TMR), orts and fecal parameters in 15 commercial beef feedlots. The particle size distribution of TMR was measured adopting Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPS). Samples were evaluated for dry matter (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content. Fecal samples were also evaluated for pH and score. The feedlots were categorized into peNDF&lt;20% and peNDF ≥ 20%. Data were analyzed by a model that included fixed effects of treatment and covariates (sex and genetic groups). Levels of DM, CP, EE and starch were lower in TMR with peNDF ≥ 20% (P&lt;0.05). Fecal dry matter was higher and morning fecal pH was lower for TMR with peNDF&lt;20% (P&lt;0.05). Physically effective fiber changed nutrient levels in TMR, orts, fecal pH and DM. So, using PSPS and fecal parameters are practical and indirect tools for measuring fecal starch and assessing the effectiveness of the diet supplied to ruminants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305438
title: Identification of patterns related to linkage groups or disequilibrium by factor analysis

description: ABSTRACT: Empirical patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be used to increase the statistical power of genetic mapping. This study was carried out with the objective of verifying the efficacy of factor analysis (AF) applied to data sets of molecular markers of the SNP type, in order to identify linkage groups and haplotypes blocks. The SNPs data set used was derived from a simulation process of an F2 population, containing 2000 marks with information of 500 individuals. The estimation of the factorial loadings of FA was made in two ways, considering the matrix of distances between the markers (A) and considering the correlation matrix (R). The number of factors (k) to be used was established based on the graph scree-plot and based on the proportion of the total variance explained. Results indicated that matrices A and R lead to similar results. Based on the scree-plot we considered k equal to 10 and the factors interpreted as being representative of the bonding groups. The second criterion led to a number of factors equal to 50, and the factors interpreted as being representative of the haplotypes blocks. This showed the potential of the technique, making it possible to obtain results applicable to any type of population, helping or corroborating the interpretation of genomic studies. The study demonstrated that AF was able to identify patterns of association between markers, identifying subgroups of markers that reflect factor binding groups and also linkage disequilibrium groups.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305435
title: Variability and genetic structure in fragments of Eugenia involucrata De Candolle established through microsatellite markers

description: ABSCTRACT: Eugenia involucrata DC. is a forest species with high environmental and economic potential. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic variability and analyzed the genetic structure of three natural fragments located in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. We used four microsatellite loci developed for the congener species Eugenia uniflora and using GenAlEx 6.5 software, parameters of genetic variability and its partition among and within fragments were estimated for each locus. We observed high levels of genetic variability (3.67 alleles per locus; HO = 0.815; HE = 0.625; FIS = −0.294), most of which (93%) were distributed within the fragments, suggesting that these individuals came from a single original population. Gene flow between fragments was high (2.35 to 4.56 migrants per generation), resulting in low genetic differentiation indexes (FST values ranging from 0.052 to 0.096). The fragments showed high genetic variability, distributed within the remnants themselves, and low genetic differentiation. Our results have repercussions for planning locally adapted germplasm collections for forest restoration programs, thereby avoiding the implantation of populations with an exogamous depression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305433
title: β-ecdysone content and antioxidant capacity in different organs of Brazilian ginseng

description: ABSTRACT: Plants that contain antioxidant compounds have attracted increasing interest for their vital role in the attenuation of oxidative damage caused by free radicals and in the treatment of various diseases. The present study investigated the β-ecdysone content and the antioxidant activity of Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata) extracts obtained from inflorescences, stems, and roots. The P. glomerata extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, β-carotene bleaching test, and phosphomolybdenum method. The β-ecdysone content of P. glomerata extracts was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The P. glomerata inflorescences showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the strongest antioxidant activity in the β-carotene bleaching assay and phosphomolybdenum test. The roots showed the lowest antioxidant capacity in all of the assays. The concentration of β-ecdysone in the plant organs followed the following decreasing order: inflorescences &gt; stems &gt; roots. The present study showed that P. glomerata inflorescence extract had high antioxidant capacity that could be attributed to the presence of β-ecdysone.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305430
title: Soil losses in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: In the state of Rondônia, deforestation, and inadequate soil use and management have intensified the water erosion process, causing degradation of agricultural land. Modeling is a tool that can assist in the adoption of targeted and effective measures for soil and water conservation in the region. In this context, the objective of the research was to model soil losses due to water erosion in the state of Rondônia using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The parameters related to rain erosivity, relief, erodibility, and soil cover, as well as the conservation practices of the state of Rondônia, were considered. The modeling steps were performed with the aid of the Geographic Information System. Results were validated with data of total sediments transported with water discharge. The estimated total soil loss was about 605 million tons per year, corresponding to an average loss of 22.50 Mg ha-1 year-1. In 19% of the state, the erosion rate was higher than the soil loss tolerance(T), and these areas should be prioritized for adopting measures to mitigate the erosion process. The RUSLE underestimated the generation of sediments at 0.56 Mg ha-1 year-1, which corresponds to an error of 18.60%. Results obtained can assist in the development of different soil use and management scenarios and provide options for policymakers to encourage soil conservation in the state of Rondônia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305424
title: Coffea canephora breeding: estimated and achieved gains from selection in the Western Amazon, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Gain from selection is an important criterion in quantifying the efficiency of breeding programs. This study quantified the selection gain estimated under experimental conditions and realized gain achieved in the field, seeking to interpret the efficiency of the Coffea canephora selection. For that purpose, we considered experiments that began in 2004 with directed hybridizations to obtain new hybrid progenies. From a breeding population composed of 288 hybrid individuals, 12 genotypes were selected in experimental conditions from 2005 to 2012, with amplitude in the estimated gains from 127.70 to−19.19%. Those genotypes were evaluated from 2012 to 2018 in clonal tests in four environments of the Western Amazon. The environment that exhibited the greatest correlation between the predicted genetic values and the realized genetic gain observed in the field was the environment of Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO (0.67), the location in which the plants were selected, followed by the environments of Alta FlorestaD´Oeste, RO (0.44), Rio Branco, AC (0.43), and Porto Velho, RO (0.37).Experimental conditions showed that the effect due to dominance deviations was approximately three times greater than the additive effect. Nine clones exhibited higher genetic gains in the experimental conditions and at field, and two clones exhibited lower estimated gains and lower field performance.The clone G17-P7 exhibited high genetic gain under experimental conditions and low field performance. The selection in experimental conditions was positively correlated with plant performance in the field (r=0.55), which allows reduction of the original breeding population to a set of more promising clones to be grown in multiple environments, optimizing time and resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305422
title: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp. in hunting dogs from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and leishmaniasis are important diseases of worldwide distribution and can affect both pets and humans. Hunting dogs have been trained to hunt domestic and wild animals, which makes them more exposed to parasitic infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp. in hunting dogs from a rural area in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 39 American Foxhound dogs, and the sex and age variables were recorded. Serum samples were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect antibodies. Seroprevalence was 35.9%, 15.4%, and 2.6% for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Leishmania spp., respectively. There was no statistical difference between genders for these diseases (P&gt;0.05). Results demonstrated a circulation of these protozoa in hunting dogs in a rural area of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, which can contribute to the epidemiology of these diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305421
title: Spectral detection of nematodes in soybean at flowering growth stage using unmanned aerial vehicles

description: ABSTRACT: Soybean is one of the main crop species grown in the world. However, there is a decline in productivity due to the various types of stress, including the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Pratylenchus brachyurus. The objectives were to determine the best spectral band for detecting H. glycines and P. brachyurus at the beginning of flowering (R1). Soil and root sampling was conducted at nine sampling sites in each of the five nematode-infested regions, totaling 45 sampling points. Flights were made at all regions using Phantom 4 Advanced, Sequoia and 14-band customized Sentera. For H. glycines, the red spectral band best explained the variability on soil and root nematode counts as well as the second stage of juveniles in soil. For P. brachyurus, Sentera RedEdge best explained the variability in root nematode counts and Sequoia NIR best explained soil juveniles. A multiple linear regression model using spectral data for detecting P. brachyurus and H. glycines improved R² compared to simple linear regressions. At flowering growth stage (R1), soybean spectral reflectance was associated with the number of H. glycines and P. brachyurus on soil and roots using low-cost and multispectral sensors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305420
title: Effect of sowing time and density for vegetative and reproductive traits of genotypes of maize landrace in an agroecological system

description: ABSTRACT: Family farmers preserve the tradition of cultivating maize landrace varieties because these plants have characteristics that hybrids lack. The greatest challenge in conserving in situ on-farm genetic diversity is avoiding gene flow and genetic introgression of transgenes to landrace varieties. Thus, farmers are obliged to change sowing times to guarantee temporal isolation since most farms are small, making spatial isolation impossible. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the behavior of maize landrace varieties submitted to different sowing times and densities in an agroecological system. The test was conducted in sub-sub-divided plots, where the main plot was represented by the sowing time, the sub-plot by the genotype, and the sub-sub-plot by the density, with three replications, for two consecutive years. The results demonstrate the effect of sowing time and density on the characteristics evaluated. In western Santa Catarina, the best time to sow seeds of maize landrace varieties in an agroecological system is in September, which is when the varieties expressed the greatest potential at densities from 45,000 to 50,000 pl.ha-1 , but it will not avoid transgene contamination.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305419
title: Harvest times and seed germination of three safflower genotypes

description: ABSTRACT: The safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) has an uneven flowering and fruiting, which can cause problems in seed production and harvesting in regions with hot and humid climates. However, little is known about the optimal safflower harvest time. Therefore, this study evaluated the optimumtiming for seed harvest of three safflower genotypes (2106, S-325, and 7329).The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six replications. The harvest started 16 days after flowering (DAF) and ended at 52 DAF. Ten harvests were made in total. Seed water content, seeds fresh and dry matter, seed germination, and first germination counts were evaluated.Genotypes 2106 and 7329 had germination rates of 79% and 91%, respectively, at 34 and 38 DAF, while genotype S-325 had 90% germination at 37 DAF. Harvesting at 52 DAF combined with a rainy season impaired the germination of safflower seeds. The harvest time most suitable for safflower occurred between 34 and 42DAF, when the seeds have the seed water content between 26% and 33%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305415
title: Forage yield, structural responses and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana in different water depths and irrigation frequencies

description: ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of water depths and irrigation frequencies on structural responses, forage yield and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw), in adensed crop system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in subdivided plots (3x4) with 4 replicates. The water depths were (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of ETc - crop evapotranspiration) and three water application frequencies (7; 14 and 28 days between irrigations). There was interaction for water use efficiency (WUE) and plant dry mass. Increasing water depths reduced WUE for all irrigation frequencies and plant dry mass was lower for 7 days compared to 14 and 28 days in 25% ETc. Greater water depths increased linearly the plant height and plant width. First and second order cladode length, second order cladode dry mass (kg), fresh mass yield (FMY) (kg ha-1) and dry mass yield (DMY) (kg ha-1) had a quadratic response with the increase in water depth. The FMY and DMY increased up to 77% and 75% ETc, respectively. Irrigation frequency (28 days) promoted greater first order cladode length and cladode dry mass compared to 7 days. Cladode thickness in plant and basal cladode thickness were greater for 7 days compared to 28 days and 14 and 28 days, respectively, without influence on FMY and DMY. Irrigation frequencies from 7 to 28 days promotes similar forage production and water depths up to 77% ETc favors the forage yield for spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana receiving supplemental irrigation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14305412
title: Relationship among productive and economic variables of beef cattle in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to obtain, through statistical methods, the independent variables that influence the economic and productive results of Brazilian beef cattle. Economic and productive information was collected from 106 farms in Brazil. Data collection was performed by the Instituto de Métricas Agropecuárias (Inttegra). The variable selection method used was stepwise regression followed by polynomial regression analyses. The variable beef cattle economic result showed the positive effect of disbursement per head per month and average weight gain. An average daily gain of 520 g in live weight was obtained, and this variable was influenced especially by nutrition cost. The arroba production (arroba is a unit of weight corresponding to 15kg) was influenced by the linear effect of nutrition cost and stocking rate. The variable arroba production in pasture showed a linear and positive effect of average weight gain in pasture and stocking rate in pasture. For profit per arroba, the variables nutrition cost, disbursement with pasture, and average sale price had a linear effect. The independent variables that had the greatest influence on the response variables were stocking rate, average daily weight gain, and nutrition cost. Thus, increases in investment in nutrition and stocking rate should result in higher production rates and improvements in the profitability of this activity.