DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mn0254p
title: Data from: Species distribution models of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, Diptera: Drosophilidae) in its native and invasive range reveal an ecological niche shift

description: The Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is native to Southeast
 Asia. Since its first detection in 2008 in Europe and North America, it
 has been a pest to the fruit production industry as it feeds and oviposits
 on ripening fruit. Here we aim to model the potential geographical
 distribution of D. suzukii. We performed an extensive literature review to
 map the current records. In total, 517 documented occurrences (96 native
 and 421 invasive) were identified spanning 52 countries. Next, we
 constructed three species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence
 records in: 1) the native range (SDMnative), 2) the invasive range in
 Europe (SDMEurope) and 3) a global model of all records (SDMglobal). The
 models aimed to investigate, whether this species will be able to occupy
 additional ecological niches beyond its native range and expand its
 current geographic distribution both globally and in Europe. The SDMs were
 generated using Maximum Entropy algorithms (Maxent) based on present
 occurrence records and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim). Predictions of
 habitat suitability vary greatly depending on the origins of occurrence
 records. According to all models, precipitation and low temperatures were
 key limiting factors for the distribution of D. suzukii, which
 suggests that this species requires a humid environment with mild winters
 in order to establish a permanent population in its invasive range.
 Several regions in the invasive range, not presently occupied by this
 species, were predicted highly suitable, especially in northern Europe,
 suggesting that D. suzukii is not occupying its full fundamental niche
 yet. Synthesis and applications. Based on these models of potential
 geographic distribution of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila
 suzukii), we show a shift in the ecological niche in D. suzukii
 populations, emphasizing the importance of using presence and local
 environmental data. Further investigation regarding new occurrences is
 recommended to secure optimal pest management. Despite a continuing
 expansion, many countries still lack proper surveillance schemes, and we
 urge policymakers to initiate appropriate management programs.
description: Occurrence records of
 <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> Microsoft Excel
 spreadsheet with two worksheets (tabs).   First sheet: Information
 about all 517 occurrence records used in the study, as obtained through
 extensive literature review and through mining online databases, e.g.
 Taxodros (http://www.taxodros.uzh.ch) and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO - https://www.eppo.int). Columns describe: country, state or region (if applicable), latitude, longitude, the year of the first observation at the specific site (if available), status, and references. Regarding the status we distinguish between: widespread, present, restricted distribution, and few occurrences similar to the EPPO and the National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC: https://www.ippc.int/en/news/tag/nppo/). In most information sources, GPS coordinates of occurrences were given, but in the cases where direct coordinates could not be obtained, the GPS coordinates were identified from geographic sites, e.g. cities, lakes, etc. outlined in the studies. Some recent occurrences were only listed as a rather imprecise geographic location such as a country in some databases (e.g. Toxodros). In all cases, the original literature was mined for precise information on the distributions of individual occurrences.   Second sheet: Reference list of all occurrence data JPE-Oersted-ST1.xlsx