cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0195858.10fu
title: SH0195858.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0195859.10fu
title: SH0195859.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0195860.10fu
title: SH0195860.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0195861.10fu
title: SH0195861.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15743662
title: Tinjauan Etika dan Hukum Islam terhadap Penggunaan Kontrasepsi sebagai Isu Kontemporer dalam Kesehatan Reproduksi

description: Penggunaan kontrasepsi sebagai bagian dari program pengendalian kelahiran dan perencanaan keluarga merupakan salah satu isu krusial dalam diskursus kesehatan reproduksi kontemporer. Dalam konteks masyarakat Muslim, topik ini tidak hanya menyentuh aspek medis dan sosial, tetapi juga memunculkan persoalan etika dan hukum Islam yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan kontrasepsi dalam perspektif etika dan hukum Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka. Data diperoleh melalui telaah terhadap Al-Qur’an, hadis, kitab-kitab fiqh dari empat mazhab, fatwa dari lembaga keagamaan seperti MUI dan Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami, serta literatur kesehatan reproduksi dan bioetika Islam kontemporer.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ulama membolehkan penggunaan kontrasepsi yang bersifat sementara selama dilakukan atas dasar persetujuan suami istri, tidak menimbulkan mudarat, dan dimaksudkan untuk kemaslahatan keluarga. Kontrasepsi permanen seperti sterilisasi dinilai haram, kecuali dalam keadaan darurat medis yang mengancam jiwa. Dalam kerangka maqashid al-syari’ah, kontrasepsi memiliki relevansi dengan lima tujuan utama syariat, khususnya dalam menjaga keturunan (hifz al-nasl), jiwa (hifz al-nafs), dan kesejahteraan keluarga (hifz al-mal). Etika Islam mendukung penggunaan kontrasepsi jika dilandasi niat yang baik, tanggung jawab moral, dan tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai syariah.

Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya edukasi dan literasi agama dalam pelayanan kontrasepsi, mengingat masih banyaknya masyarakat yang memiliki pemahaman keliru terhadap hukum penggunaan kontrasepsi. Oleh karena itu, peran tenaga kesehatan Muslim sangat vital dalam memberikan konseling kontrasepsi yang tidak hanya bersifat medis, tetapi juga bernuansa religius dan nilai-orientatif. Kesimpulannya, kontrasepsi dapat digunakan secara etis dan syar’i apabila sesuai dengan prinsip maslahat, niat baik, serta keterlibatan aktif suami istri dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kajian ini merekomendasikan penguatan sinergi antara tenaga medis, ulama, dan lembaga kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kontrasepsi yang sejalan dengan ajaran Islam.

Kata Kunci: kontrasepsi, etika Islam, hukum Islam, maqashid al-syari’ah, kesehatan reproduksi, fatwa ulama, fiqh keluarga
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15743663
title: Tinjauan Etika dan Hukum Islam terhadap Penggunaan Kontrasepsi sebagai Isu Kontemporer dalam Kesehatan Reproduksi

description: Penggunaan kontrasepsi sebagai bagian dari program pengendalian kelahiran dan perencanaan keluarga merupakan salah satu isu krusial dalam diskursus kesehatan reproduksi kontemporer. Dalam konteks masyarakat Muslim, topik ini tidak hanya menyentuh aspek medis dan sosial, tetapi juga memunculkan persoalan etika dan hukum Islam yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan kontrasepsi dalam perspektif etika dan hukum Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka. Data diperoleh melalui telaah terhadap Al-Qur’an, hadis, kitab-kitab fiqh dari empat mazhab, fatwa dari lembaga keagamaan seperti MUI dan Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami, serta literatur kesehatan reproduksi dan bioetika Islam kontemporer.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ulama membolehkan penggunaan kontrasepsi yang bersifat sementara selama dilakukan atas dasar persetujuan suami istri, tidak menimbulkan mudarat, dan dimaksudkan untuk kemaslahatan keluarga. Kontrasepsi permanen seperti sterilisasi dinilai haram, kecuali dalam keadaan darurat medis yang mengancam jiwa. Dalam kerangka maqashid al-syari’ah, kontrasepsi memiliki relevansi dengan lima tujuan utama syariat, khususnya dalam menjaga keturunan (hifz al-nasl), jiwa (hifz al-nafs), dan kesejahteraan keluarga (hifz al-mal). Etika Islam mendukung penggunaan kontrasepsi jika dilandasi niat yang baik, tanggung jawab moral, dan tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai syariah.

Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya edukasi dan literasi agama dalam pelayanan kontrasepsi, mengingat masih banyaknya masyarakat yang memiliki pemahaman keliru terhadap hukum penggunaan kontrasepsi. Oleh karena itu, peran tenaga kesehatan Muslim sangat vital dalam memberikan konseling kontrasepsi yang tidak hanya bersifat medis, tetapi juga bernuansa religius dan nilai-orientatif. Kesimpulannya, kontrasepsi dapat digunakan secara etis dan syar’i apabila sesuai dengan prinsip maslahat, niat baik, serta keterlibatan aktif suami istri dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kajian ini merekomendasikan penguatan sinergi antara tenaga medis, ulama, dan lembaga kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kontrasepsi yang sejalan dengan ajaran Islam.

Kata Kunci: kontrasepsi, etika Islam, hukum Islam, maqashid al-syari’ah, kesehatan reproduksi, fatwa ulama, fiqh keluarga
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26632702
title: Additional file 1 of HCG18, LEF1AS1 and lncCEACAM21 as biomarkers of disease severity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 patients

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. COVID-19 patient’s characteristics, FIMICS profiling, PBMCs. Recruited at PSD. Table S2. COVID-19 patient’s characteristics, technical validation, PBMCs. Recruited at PSD. Table S3. Odds ratio of lncRNAs related to death using logistic regression model (with and without age adjustment) and the AUC. Table S4. Transcripts annotation and primer sequences. Table S5. Univariate and multivariable analysis adjusted for age and sex with odds ratio of lncRNAs related to mortality and severity and the AUC. Table S6. COVID-19 patient’s characteristics, PBMCs. Recruited at MM.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wpnysy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8521 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-99.58849 20.33325,-99.58849 20.03953,-99.30684 20.03953,-99.30684 20.33325,-99.58849 20.33325))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8521 records from 158 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0070426-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.euym99
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 359740 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pyrus L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 359740 records from 1642 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0070423-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6cd8xm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 201775335 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Human Observation, Material citation, Machine Observation, Living Specimen, Observation, Occurrence evidence)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 201775335 records from 8551 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0022147-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30026503.v1
title: Demographic and economic simulation with human mobility-enhanced cellular automata in the Pearl River Delta

description: Humans are fundamental to urban development. Human mobility is the key driving factor for urban simulation. But few studies have considered the effect of human mobility. To fill this gap, this study proposes a human mobility-enhanced cellular automata (HEM-CA) model to simulate the demographic and economic conditions in the megacity region. Both human flow variables and mobility-informed neighbourhood networks are developed for cellular automata-based urban simulation. The experiment in the Pearl River Delta demonstrates the good performance of the presented HEM-CA model. This study introduces an alternative human perspective for CA-based urban simulation and bridges the domain of human mobility and urban simulation
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.22835.14885
title: La política exterior de Chile hacia el África Sub-sahariana
DOI: 10.15468/yxuvh6
title: Données naturalistes opportunistes issues de la plateforme INaturalist-Données naturalistes opportunistes "laumesfeld"

description: Données naturalistes opportunistes saisies sur iNaturalist à partir du compte "laumesfeld"
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7s23m7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 40681 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((4.46704 45.23783,8.85758 45.23783,8.85758 46.99329,4.46704 46.99329,4.46704 45.23783))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Robinia pseudoacacia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 40681 records from 216 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0042670-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.26138.16324
title: Potential Use of Drone Ultra-High-Definition Videos for Detailed 3D City Modeling - data
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.19846.70722
title: Camino de Santiago w Polsce (30.12.2021 r.)
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.11687.47525
title: OTTOMAN CAVALRY ATTACKS RUSSIANS AND IS DEFEATED AFTER THREE HOURS FIGHTING BY OLEC , BRUCE AND REPNIN-AFTER THIS OTTOMAN CAVALRY WAS NOT SEEN IN REMAINING PART OF BATTLE OF CAGUL
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.13679.76962
title: روش‬ ‫های‬ ‫تست‬ ‫سطوح‬ ‫وپوشش‬ ‫ها
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.19622.24640
title: 1977. Hutan kita hapus menjelang 1990. Endau Rompin issue
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.22208.87043
title: Determinação da Aptidão para a Prática de Desportos de Natureza em Áreas Protegidas
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.10902.68163
title: Adaptations of cardiac morphology and function to Duration of Resistance Training in Untrained Females
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5yfx6a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 35584 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-48.86197 -25.66818,-46.61801 -25.66818,-46.61801 -24.25644,-48.86197 -24.25644,-48.86197 -25.66818))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Plantae",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 35584 records from 135 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011263-190415153152247/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25318/1710015401-fra
title: Migrants interprovinciaux et intraprovinciaux, selon la région métropolitaine de recensement et l'agglomération de recensement, limites de 2021

description: Migrants interprovinciaux et intraprovinciaux, selon la région métropolitaine de recensement et l'agglomération de recensement d'origine et de destination pour la période allant du 1er juillet au 30 juin, annuels, basés sur la Classification géographique type (CGT) 2021.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5zfw8z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 786 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "Month is October",
 "Month is September",
 "Month is November"
 ]
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-121.53437 45.71049,-116.7845 45.71049,-116.7845 48.19951,-121.53437 48.19951,-121.53437 45.71049))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 {
 "or" : [
 "TaxonKey is Reptilia",
 "TaxonKey is Amphibia"
 ]
 },
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 786 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013484-181003121212138/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qhy72k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3068 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3068 records from 116 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020201-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qqzg0r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Leposternon kisteumacheri (Porto, Soares & Caramaschi, 2000)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011264-180730143533302/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7co6rm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 223382 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation"
 ]
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 "Country is Brazil",
 "Country is Colombia",
 "Country is Guyana",
 "Country is Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)",
 "Country is Peru",
 "Country is Bolivia (Plurinational State of)",
 "Country is Suriname",
 "Country is Ecuador",
 "Country is French Guiana"
 ]
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((-61.43555 8.85292,-66.81759 7.50706,-73.45339 4.35059,-75.27701 1.74021,-76.8643 1.46976,-77.7075 -1.66215,-78.44173 -3.27416,-79.05355 -4.6174,-79.14207 -6.21655,-77.83934 -8.23013,-76.71598 -10.53349,-75.14717 -10.35736,-73.16871 -14.38847,-71.79342 -15.88211,-69.82824 -14.54967,-66.83498 -16.16668,-66.3703 -18.17465,-63.80533 -19.45421,-60.99489 -18.02462,-60.12491 -16.20775,-57.07741 -14.05804,-55.5562 -12.93378,-54.60806 -13.87934,-54.51553 -15.59475,-50.69948 -14.58331,-50.04517 -12.55328,-47.70942 -10.8549,-45.65729 -5.30159,-44.10067 -2.4254,-45.90689 -1.30257,-48.35976 -0.33886,-49.68456 0.59335,-49.62132 1.43076,-50.68422 2.17169,-51.50545 4.32707,-53.81086 5.50072,-56.58251 5.88284,-58.16626 6.98267,-60.14204 8.38143,-61.43555 8.85292))",
 "TaxonKey is Actinopterygii"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 223382 records from 129 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013487-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jvuv7c
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12129 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is South America",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Oligoryzomys Bangs, 1900"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12129 records from 94 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0058682-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gtdmxc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 93 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Drypetes mucronata C.Wright ex Griseb."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 93 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011268-190320150433242/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7ldr0i
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 92 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Year 1970-2019",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Thylamys pusillus (Desmarest, 1804)",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 92 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013487-190415153152247/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cwerqj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 55338 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen",
 {
 "or" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 "Country is Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)",
 "Country is Bolivia (Plurinational State of)",
 "Country is Peru",
 "Country is Ecuador",
 "Country is Suriname",
 "Country is Guyana",
 "Country is French Guiana",
 "Country is Brazil"
 ]
 },
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Rodentia",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 55338 records from 89 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011264-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.92djb8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 364 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is Polish gene bank – passport data of plants accessions which are important in human life",
 "TaxonKey is Panicum L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 364 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021662-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j515hb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 414 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Leptonotus blainvilleanus (Eydoux & Gervais, 1837)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 414 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013490-180508205500799/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.b9lebf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 481 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Cinnamomum micranthum (Hayata) Hayata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 481 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011264-190320150433242/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zovzae
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 302 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Malawi-Cicindelidae-Biodiversity-Data"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 302 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013490-181108115102211/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.