cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848202
title: Maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit

description: ABSTRACT It is important to understand the seed maturation process to determine the time point at which the seeds achieve optimum quality and the ideal time for harvest. This study aimed to study the maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds, based on flowering time and age of the fruit. This study was conducted from March to October of 2016 and 2017, in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo. The plants were cultivated in four blocks using four stems, with spacing of 1.0 m between the plants and of 2.5 m between the rows. As experimental treatments, two flowering time points were defined: 55 and 105 days after transplanting (DAT); in each period, the flowers were marked at the anthesis and the respective fruits and seeds were evaluated at 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). Characteristics during fruit development, such as age (days after anthesis) and changes in color, mass, and flavor, are parameters indicating the physiological maturity of fruits and seeds. The flowering time of the plant and the stage of fruit development influence the maturation of seeds, which present higher germination and vigor when obtained from fruits harvested at 75 DAA (55 DAT) and 60 DAA (105 DAT), after mass maturity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848202.v1
title: Maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit

description: ABSTRACT It is important to understand the seed maturation process to determine the time point at which the seeds achieve optimum quality and the ideal time for harvest. This study aimed to study the maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds, based on flowering time and age of the fruit. This study was conducted from March to October of 2016 and 2017, in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo. The plants were cultivated in four blocks using four stems, with spacing of 1.0 m between the plants and of 2.5 m between the rows. As experimental treatments, two flowering time points were defined: 55 and 105 days after transplanting (DAT); in each period, the flowers were marked at the anthesis and the respective fruits and seeds were evaluated at 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). Characteristics during fruit development, such as age (days after anthesis) and changes in color, mass, and flavor, are parameters indicating the physiological maturity of fruits and seeds. The flowering time of the plant and the stage of fruit development influence the maturation of seeds, which present higher germination and vigor when obtained from fruits harvested at 75 DAA (55 DAT) and 60 DAA (105 DAT), after mass maturity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848436
title: Nesting and reproductive habits of the solitary bee Centris analis in trap nests under a tropical climate

description: ABSTRACT Pollination is a key factor in global agricultural production, and there is a need to increase the number of bee species that can be bred for pollination in agriculture, such as the oil-collecting solitary bee Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804). In this study, the nesting and reproductive behavior of the bee were studied under tropical conditions, with the aim of producing information for breeding and using C. analis for crop pollination. The study was conducted from May to October 2017, using trap nests and daily observations from 5.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. of nest occupation and building, foraging trips in the field and interactions between individuals and kleptoparasites. The results showed that the bees easily colonize and nest in trap nests for an extended period of the year under tropical conditions, and that the use of this type of nest makes it possible to multiply populations of this species for their potential use in crop pollination. However, sources of floral oil and the availability of nesting sites have both proved to be limiting factors to population growth in this species on bee farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848436.v1
title: Nesting and reproductive habits of the solitary bee Centris analis in trap nests under a tropical climate

description: ABSTRACT Pollination is a key factor in global agricultural production, and there is a need to increase the number of bee species that can be bred for pollination in agriculture, such as the oil-collecting solitary bee Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804). In this study, the nesting and reproductive behavior of the bee were studied under tropical conditions, with the aim of producing information for breeding and using C. analis for crop pollination. The study was conducted from May to October 2017, using trap nests and daily observations from 5.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. of nest occupation and building, foraging trips in the field and interactions between individuals and kleptoparasites. The results showed that the bees easily colonize and nest in trap nests for an extended period of the year under tropical conditions, and that the use of this type of nest makes it possible to multiply populations of this species for their potential use in crop pollination. However, sources of floral oil and the availability of nesting sites have both proved to be limiting factors to population growth in this species on bee farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848130
title: Population genomics and gene introgression in goat herds naturally adapted to Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to apply the Illumina 50 K goat SNP Chip to analyse population genomic structure in two herds of Marota goats in the State of Piauí, one private and the other an official conservation herd, and to investigate evidence of genetic erosion in these herds caused by the Anglo-Nubian goat. To that end, 86 Marota and 10 Anglo-Nubian animals were genotyped. Genetic diversity was analysed by comparing minor allele frequency (MAF) in the herds. Population structure and genetic differentiation were evaluated using a Bayesian approach, principal component analysis (PCA) and the fixation index (FST). High genetic differentiation (FST = 0.16) was seen in the Marota population in relation to the Anglo-Nubian. The private herd shared a greater number of fixed SNPs with the herd of Anglo-Nubians (1024) than did the conservation herd (741). The results of the PCA, together with those from the analysis carried out using the Structure software, showed the presence of Anglo-Nubian genes in the Marota herds. It can therefore be concluded that the high level of polymorphism and high genetic differentiation between Marota and Anglo-Nubian goats characterise these animals as a source of genetic diversity for goat farming in the region; the Illumina 50 K goat SNP Chip is efficient in population structure analysis in Marota goats; microarray technology, analysis using the Structure software, and Principal Component Analysis complement each other in expanding the ability to detect gene introgression in small populations; there is evidence of the introgression of Anglo-Nubian genes in the herds of Marota goats under analysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848130.v1
title: Population genomics and gene introgression in goat herds naturally adapted to Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to apply the Illumina 50 K goat SNP Chip to analyse population genomic structure in two herds of Marota goats in the State of Piauí, one private and the other an official conservation herd, and to investigate evidence of genetic erosion in these herds caused by the Anglo-Nubian goat. To that end, 86 Marota and 10 Anglo-Nubian animals were genotyped. Genetic diversity was analysed by comparing minor allele frequency (MAF) in the herds. Population structure and genetic differentiation were evaluated using a Bayesian approach, principal component analysis (PCA) and the fixation index (FST). High genetic differentiation (FST = 0.16) was seen in the Marota population in relation to the Anglo-Nubian. The private herd shared a greater number of fixed SNPs with the herd of Anglo-Nubians (1024) than did the conservation herd (741). The results of the PCA, together with those from the analysis carried out using the Structure software, showed the presence of Anglo-Nubian genes in the Marota herds. It can therefore be concluded that the high level of polymorphism and high genetic differentiation between Marota and Anglo-Nubian goats characterise these animals as a source of genetic diversity for goat farming in the region; the Illumina 50 K goat SNP Chip is efficient in population structure analysis in Marota goats; microarray technology, analysis using the Structure software, and Principal Component Analysis complement each other in expanding the ability to detect gene introgression in small populations; there is evidence of the introgression of Anglo-Nubian genes in the herds of Marota goats under analysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011346
title: Foraging behavior of the small-sized stingless bee Plebeia aff. flavocincta

description: ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate the flight range and foraging behavior of the stingless bee Plebeia aff. flavocincta, as well as testing its attraction to different sugar syrup concentrations within different distances to the colony. Foraging pattern along the day, preference of bees for sugar concentration in nectar and their relationship with distance from the colony were assessed by the means of manipulating those parameters with artificial flowers containing different sugar syrup concentrations and displayed at varying distances. The bees P. aff. flavocincta foraged from 6 a. m. to 5:30 p. m., with a foraging peak from 9 a. m. to 11:30 a. m. and showed preference for higher syrup concentrations (60% and 70%) though have foraged indiscriminately in all tested sugar concentrations and varying distances. We have concluded that due to its small body size, this species needs higher temperatures to forage when compared to large-body species, and shows preference for more concentrated sugar sources, but also explores the food source with lower sugar concentrations within their flight range. Such strategy may help to understand how a small-sized and short-flight bee such as P. aff. flavocincta achieved a vast geographic distribution in the country and is well succeeded in colonizing highly anthropized areas where natural sources of nectar are usually scarce within short distances.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20011346.v1
title: Foraging behavior of the small-sized stingless bee Plebeia aff. flavocincta

description: ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate the flight range and foraging behavior of the stingless bee Plebeia aff. flavocincta, as well as testing its attraction to different sugar syrup concentrations within different distances to the colony. Foraging pattern along the day, preference of bees for sugar concentration in nectar and their relationship with distance from the colony were assessed by the means of manipulating those parameters with artificial flowers containing different sugar syrup concentrations and displayed at varying distances. The bees P. aff. flavocincta foraged from 6 a. m. to 5:30 p. m., with a foraging peak from 9 a. m. to 11:30 a. m. and showed preference for higher syrup concentrations (60% and 70%) though have foraged indiscriminately in all tested sugar concentrations and varying distances. We have concluded that due to its small body size, this species needs higher temperatures to forage when compared to large-body species, and shows preference for more concentrated sugar sources, but also explores the food source with lower sugar concentrations within their flight range. Such strategy may help to understand how a small-sized and short-flight bee such as P. aff. flavocincta achieved a vast geographic distribution in the country and is well succeeded in colonizing highly anthropized areas where natural sources of nectar are usually scarce within short distances.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848298
title: Seed distribution by punch seeder in family farming

description: ABSTRACT Family farming seeks to use less-aggressive agricultural practices, however, there is little machinery available that is suitable for the reality of this sector. This has led to the use of technically incorrect practices, which have contributed to the impoverishment, compaction and desertification of agricultural soils. Punch seeders are seen as a promising alternative for carrying out sowing in family farming, as they employ localised seed distribution with less disturbance of the soil and the consequent preservation and conservation of its structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of seed distribution by a punch seeder used in family farming. The experiment was carried out in a soil classified as a Red-Yellow Argisol. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the quality of seed distribution by the punch system. Statistical Process Control was adopted to evaluate quality control in the seed distribution process. The results showed that the performance of the punch seeder was similar to that of the precision pneumatic seeder, with 90.2% acceptable spacing. As demonstrated by the SPC study that showed the process to be compatible with quality standards, the punch seeder is therefore a viable alternative in the sowing process for family farming, since an improvement in sowing quality, with a precision of 88.4% was obtained. The punch system resulted in less soil disturbance when compared to the disc harrow and manual seeder, and proved to be an effective solution for conservation agriculture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8848298.v1
title: Seed distribution by punch seeder in family farming

description: ABSTRACT Family farming seeks to use less-aggressive agricultural practices, however, there is little machinery available that is suitable for the reality of this sector. This has led to the use of technically incorrect practices, which have contributed to the impoverishment, compaction and desertification of agricultural soils. Punch seeders are seen as a promising alternative for carrying out sowing in family farming, as they employ localised seed distribution with less disturbance of the soil and the consequent preservation and conservation of its structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of seed distribution by a punch seeder used in family farming. The experiment was carried out in a soil classified as a Red-Yellow Argisol. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the quality of seed distribution by the punch system. Statistical Process Control was adopted to evaluate quality control in the seed distribution process. The results showed that the performance of the punch seeder was similar to that of the precision pneumatic seeder, with 90.2% acceptable spacing. As demonstrated by the SPC study that showed the process to be compatible with quality standards, the punch seeder is therefore a viable alternative in the sowing process for family farming, since an improvement in sowing quality, with a precision of 88.4% was obtained. The punch system resulted in less soil disturbance when compared to the disc harrow and manual seeder, and proved to be an effective solution for conservation agriculture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10258187
title: Digital mapping of soil attributes using machine learning

description: ABSTRACT Mapping the chemical attributes of the soil on a large scale can result in gains when planning the use and occupation of the land. There are different techniques available for this purpose, whose performance should be tested for different types of landscapes. The aim of this study was to spatialize chemical attributes of the soil, comparing eight methods of prediction. Forty morphometric attributes, generated from a digital elevation model, were used as independent variables, in addition to geophysical data, images from the Landsat 8 satellite and the NDVI. All possible combinations between the satellite bands were calculated, generating 28 new variables. Combinations between the Th, U and K bands obtained from the geophysical data were also calculated, generating a further three variables. The final variables to be calculated were the distances between the four points of the edges of the basin (d1, d2, d3 and d4). The dependent variables for the model were Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, Ti, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, V, Zn, Zr, S and Cl. A total of 200 soil samples were used, which were collected from 100 points at two depths (0-10 and 10-30 cm); the total elements were determined using an X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The Random Forest algorithm proved to be superior to the others in predicting the chemical attributes of the soil at both depths, and is suitable for predicting soil attributes in the study region. Spatial variables are essential, and should be considered when modelling chemical elements in the soil. Using the methods under test, it is possible to predict elements with R2 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.62.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10258187.v1
title: Digital mapping of soil attributes using machine learning

description: ABSTRACT Mapping the chemical attributes of the soil on a large scale can result in gains when planning the use and occupation of the land. There are different techniques available for this purpose, whose performance should be tested for different types of landscapes. The aim of this study was to spatialize chemical attributes of the soil, comparing eight methods of prediction. Forty morphometric attributes, generated from a digital elevation model, were used as independent variables, in addition to geophysical data, images from the Landsat 8 satellite and the NDVI. All possible combinations between the satellite bands were calculated, generating 28 new variables. Combinations between the Th, U and K bands obtained from the geophysical data were also calculated, generating a further three variables. The final variables to be calculated were the distances between the four points of the edges of the basin (d1, d2, d3 and d4). The dependent variables for the model were Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, Ti, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, V, Zn, Zr, S and Cl. A total of 200 soil samples were used, which were collected from 100 points at two depths (0-10 and 10-30 cm); the total elements were determined using an X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The Random Forest algorithm proved to be superior to the others in predicting the chemical attributes of the soil at both depths, and is suitable for predicting soil attributes in the study region. Spatial variables are essential, and should be considered when modelling chemical elements in the soil. Using the methods under test, it is possible to predict elements with R2 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.62.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10257977
title: Evaluation of NPK doses on the production of papaya 'Caliman 01'

description: ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPK doses on the yield components of papaya hybrid 'Caliman 01'. The experiment was carried at the company WG Fruticultura, located in the Chapada do Apodi region. Five nitrogen doses (94, 590, 837, 1088 and 1575 kg N ha-1), five phosphorus doses (10, 72, 96, 133 and 195 kg P2O5 ha-1) and five potassium doses (75, 527, 752, 978 and 1429 kg K2O ha-1), were combined according to the experimental matrix Pan Puebla II, in 16 combinations and distributed in a randomized block design, with five repetitions. The plots consisted of six papaya plants and the four central plants were evaluated. The fertilizers urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride were used as NPK sources, respectively. The doses of N and K were split into 30 applications, one every two weeks. Phosphorus doses were split into two applications, the first at 75 days after transplantation (DAT) and the second one at 150 DAT. Fruit production was evaluated during eight months. The best results were obtained for NPK doses of 1088, 72 and 527 kg ha-1, respectively. Increasing N doses linearly increased the number of fruits per plant and yield, while increasing P and K doses reduced yield by a quadratic and linear model, respectively. The combination of NPK doses 590-72-75 kg ha-1 provided the best economic results with the highest rate of return for papaya production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10257977.v1
title: Evaluation of NPK doses on the production of papaya 'Caliman 01'

description: ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPK doses on the yield components of papaya hybrid 'Caliman 01'. The experiment was carried at the company WG Fruticultura, located in the Chapada do Apodi region. Five nitrogen doses (94, 590, 837, 1088 and 1575 kg N ha-1), five phosphorus doses (10, 72, 96, 133 and 195 kg P2O5 ha-1) and five potassium doses (75, 527, 752, 978 and 1429 kg K2O ha-1), were combined according to the experimental matrix Pan Puebla II, in 16 combinations and distributed in a randomized block design, with five repetitions. The plots consisted of six papaya plants and the four central plants were evaluated. The fertilizers urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride were used as NPK sources, respectively. The doses of N and K were split into 30 applications, one every two weeks. Phosphorus doses were split into two applications, the first at 75 days after transplantation (DAT) and the second one at 150 DAT. Fruit production was evaluated during eight months. The best results were obtained for NPK doses of 1088, 72 and 527 kg ha-1, respectively. Increasing N doses linearly increased the number of fruits per plant and yield, while increasing P and K doses reduced yield by a quadratic and linear model, respectively. The combination of NPK doses 590-72-75 kg ha-1 provided the best economic results with the highest rate of return for papaya production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10258316
title: Influence geometric anisotropy in management zones delineation

description: ABSTRACT The proper handling soil allows the reduction of contaminants, maximize agricultural productivity, and is directly related the knowledge spatial variability of soil attributes. This spatial variability can express isotropic and anisotropic form. The latter being neglected in research related to management zones delineation. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the geometric anisotropy correction on the management zone delineation. The methodology was applied under database of soybean productivity and apparent electrical conductivity (CEa) of a rural property in Ponta Porã - MS. By means of this georeferenced database, maps was interpolated with ordinary kriging. For each combination, attribute (productivity and CEa) and number of classes, were produced two maps management zones, one without and one with anisotropy correction, the same were compared through the kappa index, with significance tested by the Z-test. The management zones number was also evaluated by Fuzziness Performance Index (FPI) and the Modified Partition Entropy (MPE). The area subdivision in two management zones, without and with anisotropy correction, presented higher Kappa index, with values of 0.89 and 0.91 respectively, but not presented significant differences with each other.