DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7633773
title: [IO Islamic 559] كلّيّات فريد الدين عطّار

description: <strong>Kulliyyât-i-Farîd-aldîn ‘Aṭṭâr.</strong> <strong>This manuscript is now IO Islamic 1031 in the India Office collections.</strong> <strong>[metadata:</strong> <strong>Hermann Ethé</strong><strong><em>, </em></strong><strong><em>Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office,</em></strong> <strong>2 vols. (Oxford: India Office, 1903): volume 1,</strong> <strong>number 559 here with notations and hyperlinks].</strong> Farîd-aldîn ‘Aṭṭâr (Nos. 1031-1054). 1031 Kulliyyât-i-Farîd-aldîn ‘Aṭṭâr ( كلّيّات فريد الدين عطّار). The fullest collection extant in the India Office Library of poetical works by the great Ṣûfic poet Abû Ḥâmid (according to the Âtashkada, No. 279, Bodleian Cat., col. 272, and the Khulâṣat-alkalâm, No. 50, ib., col. 299, Abû Ṭâlib) Muḥammad bin Abîbakr Ibrâhîm Farîd-aldîn ‘Attâr, who was born in Shâdiyâkh, near Nîshâpûr, A.H. 513 (A.D. 1119), and put to death during the invasion of the Moghuls, A.H. 627 (A.D. 1230), 114 lunar years old. Wrong dates of his death are given in the Butkhâna, No. 21 (Bodleian Cat., col. 199), viz. A.H. 619 or even 607, and in the Khulâṣat-alafkâr, No. 174 (Bodleian Cat., col. 308), viz. A.H. 622 (with the additional statement that he was then 109 years old); comp. on the poet’s life and his complete works, Bodleian Cat., Nos. 622-636; Rieu i. p. 344, and ii. pp. 576-580; Ouseley, Biogr. Notices, p. 236; A. Sprenger, Catal., pp. 346-358; Ethé, Die mystiche, didactische und lyrische Poesie etc. der Perser, Hamburg, 1888, pp. 22-26, etc.; see also Haft Iḳlîm, No. 733 (col. 430 in this Cat.), and Makhzan-algharâ’ib, No. 1521 (Bodleian Cat., col. 350). The Kulliyyât have been lithographed in Lucknow, 1872. Contents: 1.Ushturnâma (اشترنامه), or the book of the camel, a mathnawî on mystic lore (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 15, etc.; Rieu ii. pp. 578<sup>b</sup> and 579<sup>a</sup>; Cat. Codd. Or. Lugd. Bat. ii. p. 114; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 352; and W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., p. 717 ), on fol. 1<sup>b</sup>, Beginning: ابتدا بر نام حىّ لا يزال – صانع اشيا و ابداع جلال 2.Khusrau u Gul ( خسرو و گل), an abridgment of ‘Aṭṭâr’s خسرو نامه, or love-adventures of Gul and Hurmuz (Also styled گل و هرمز , see Bodleian Cat., No. 625, 3, and Haft Iḳlîm, No. 733, col. 431, ll. 14-18 in this Cat., where the title گل و هرمز seems rather applied to the present abridgement; comp., on the خسرو و گل itself, A. Sprenger, loc. cit; Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 6, etc.; and Rieu ii. p. 576<sup>b</sup>), on fol. 27<sup>b</sup>, beginning: بنام آنكه گنج جسم و جان سوخت طلسم گنج جان هردو جهان ساخت 3.Bulbulnâma (بلبل نامه), or the book of the nightingale, describing the love of the nightingale to the rose (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 8, etc.; and A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 355), on fol. 100<sup>b</sup>, beginning: قلم بر دار راز دل عيان كن سرآغازش بنام غيبدان كن 4.Pandnâma (پند نامه), or the book of advice (see Bodleian Cat., Nos. 622, 10, etc., and 632; Rieu ii. pp. 579<sup>b</sup> sq., 790<sup>a</sup>, and 803<sup>b</sup>; W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., pp. 72, 91, 107, 728, and 774 sq.; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 355; G. Flügel i. p. 551 and iii. p. 415; Rosen, Persian MSS., p. 202, etc.), on fol. 105<sup>b</sup>, beginning: حمد بيحد مر خداى پاكرا آنكه ايمان داد مشتى خاكرا Edited by Hindley, London, 1809; by de Sacy, with French translation and choice notes, Paris, 1819; German translation by G. H. F. Nesselmann. On the older Eastern editions of this work in Calcutta, Lahore, Bûlâḳ, etc., see Zenker, No. 574 sq.; ii. 486; it has been besides lithographed in Lucknow, A.H. 1264; in Constantinople (with extracts from the commentary of Isma’il Ḥaḳḳî), A.H. 1267; newest editions, Lahore, 1887 and 1888, Bombay 1887, and Cawnpore, 1888. Extracts in Gladwin’s Persian Moonshee (new edition by W. Carmichael Smyth, London, 1840). Two Turkish translations, the latter with commentary, of the Pandnâma are described in Rieu, Turk. Cat., pp. 154<sup>a</sup> and <sup>b</sup>; G. Flügel iii. pp. 415 and 416, etc.; the one composed A.H. 964 =A.D. 1557, and ascribed by Flügel to Amri (who died A.H. 988=A.D. 1580), the other by Sham’î (who died about 1009 or 1010=A.D. 1600-1602), entitled سعادت نامه. A third, in verse like the first, is noticed in Rieu ii. p. 580. A Latin translation by Salomon Negri, ib., loc. cit. 5.Manṭiḳ-alṭair (منطق الطير), or the speeches of birds (see Bodleian Cat., Nos. 622, 13, etc., and 628-631; Rieu ii. pp. 576<sup>a</sup>, 578<sup>a</sup>, 816<sup>b</sup>, and 870<sup>b</sup>; W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., pp. 73 and 777 sq.; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 354; and G. Flügel i. pp. 509 and 511), on fol. 113<sup>b</sup>, beginning: آفرين جان آفرين پاكرا آنكه جان بخشيد و ايمان خاكرا Edited by Garcin de Tassy, Paris, 1857; translated into French, 1863; lithographed, Bombay, A.H. 1280, and Lucknow, A.H. 1288. According to No. 904 (1043 below in this Cat.), the poem was composed A.H. 583 (A.D. 1187). Two Hindûstânî translations of the Manṭiḳ-alṭair are preserved in Nos. 2375 and 2817 (the latter in Dakhnî verses) of the India Office Collection. A Turkish commentary on the same was composed by Sham’î (see the preceding Pandnâma). 6.Haft Wâdî (هفت وادى), or the seven valleys, i.e. the seven stages on the mystical road (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 9, etc.; and A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 357), on fol. 146<sup>b</sup>, beginning: حمد پاک از جان پاک آن پاکرا كو خلافت داد مشتى خاكرا 7.Bîsarnâma (بيسرنامه), or the headless book, a short theosophical mathnawî (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 17, etc.; and A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 349), on fol. 152<sup>b</sup>, beginning : من بغير تو نبينم در جهان – قادرا پروردگارا جاودان 8.Kanz-alasrâr (كنز الاسرار), or the treasury of mysteries, otherwise styled Kanz-albaḥr (كنز البحر), see Bodleian Cat., No. 623, 20, and No. 624, 10, and containing a translation and interpretation of famous Ḳurân-verses, interspersed with stories, on fol. 155<sup>b</sup>, beginning: سپاس و حمد بر خلاّق عالم – كه از خاكى پديد آورد آدم This mathnawî is identical with ‘Kent Kunz Mokhfiâ’ mentioned in Stewart’s Cat., since the first heading runs thus: قال رسول الله صلّى الله عليه و سلّم كُنْتُ كَنْزًا مخْفِيّا الخ . According to the last hemistich, كه در ششصد نود نه شد تمام اين, which appears with exactly the same wording in the Bodleian copies just mentioned, this poem would have been composed in A.H. 699; but since such a date is impossible, we suggest, either to read پنجصد for ششصد (which would give A.H. 599=A.D. 1202, 1203), or better still, to substitute نوازده for نود نه (i.e. A.H. 619=A.D. 1222). 9.Dîwân (ديوان), or lyrical poems, consisting of ḳaṣîdas, ḳiṭ’as, ghazals, and rubâ’îs, without alphabetical order (see A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 348; and Bodleian Cat., No. 636), on fol. 172<sup>b</sup>, beginning: سبحان قادرى كه صفاتش زكبريا بر خاك عجز ميفگند عقل انبيا A special copy of the ḳaṣîdah لجّة الابرار is described in G. Flügel iii. p. 447. 10.Waṣlatnâma (وصلت نامه), or the book of union (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 7, etc.; Rieu ii. p. 579<sup>a</sup>; and A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 355), on fol. 228<sup>b</sup>, beginning: ابتدا اوّل بنام كردگار – خالق هفت و شش و پنج وچهار 11.Miftâḥ-alfutûḥ (مفتاح الفتوح), or the key of victories (mentioned in Stewart's Cat., p. 60, and in Ouseley’s Notices of Persian Poets), on fol. 242<sup>b</sup>, beginning: پناه من بحىّ كو نميرد بآهى عذر صد عصيان پذيرد Other copies of this rare mathnawî are only found in the following two collections and in the Bodleian Library (Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 19; No. 623, 10; No. 624, 7; and No. 627, 3). 12.Asrârnâma (اسرارنامه), or the book of mysteries ( see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 14, etc.; Rieu ii. pp. 576<sup>a</sup> and 578<sup>b</sup>; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 358; G. Flügel i. p. 510; Cat. des MSS. et Xylographes, p. 332; W. Pertsch, p. 86 (No. 52), and Berlin Cat., p. 717), on fol. 257<sup>b</sup>, beginning: بنام آنكه جانرا نور دين داد خرد را در خدادانى يقين داد It is divided here into nineteen maḳâlas (not twenty, as in Sprenger’s copy, loc. cit., nor twenty-five, as the heading of the last chapter might suggest); the last two maḳâlas, on ff. 283<sup>a</sup> and 284<sup>a</sup>, are respectively called the 24th and 25th, but that is a mere clerical error, since the immediately preceding one is correctly styled the 17th; the مقالۀ بیست چهارم therefore, on fol. 283<sup>a</sup>, is the 18th, الثامنة عشر , as No. 1096 (1033 below in this Cat.) correctly has on fol. 221<sup>a</sup>; and the مقالۀ بيست پنجم , on fol. 284<sup>a</sup>, is the 19th (نوزدهم). The last fifty-seven baits of this mathnawî are repeated on fol. 242<sup>a</sup> above (on the page immediately preceding the beginning of the مفتاح الفتوح), corresponding to fol. 285<sup>a</sup>, l. 12-fol. 285<sup>b</sup>, l. 13. 13.Kanz-alḥaḳâ’iḳ (كنز الحقائق), or the treasury of verities (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 18, etc.; and A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 356),on fol. 285<sup>b</sup>, beginning with the same initial bait as the preceding بنام آنكه : اسرارنامه جانرا نور دين داد الخ . The title occurs on fol. 286<sup>b</sup>, l. 26: چو گفتم اندرو چندین حقائق نهادم نام او كنز الحقائق 14.Ilâhînâma (الهى نامه), or the divine book (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 11, etc.; Rieu ii. pp. 576<sup>a</sup>, 578<sup>b</sup>, and 870<sup>b</sup>; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 357; Stewart’s Cat., p. 61; W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., p. 111), on fol. 298<sup>b</sup>, beginning: الهى نامه را آغاز كردم – بنامت نامۀ را باز كردم 15.Muṣîbatnâma (مصيبت نامه), or the book of affliction (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 12, etc.; Rieu ii. pp. 576<sup>b</sup>, 578<sup>b</sup>, and 816<sup>b</sup>; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 349; W. Pertsch, p. 85 (No. 51), and Berlin Cat., pp., 101 and 781; G. Flügel i. p. 510; in C. J. Tornberg, p. 100, it is called نزهت نامه, and in one Bodleian copy, Bodleian Cat., 623, 17, also عقد المسافات), on fol. 351<sup>b</sup>, beginning with the same initial bait as the هفت وادى (No. 6 above): حمد پاک از جان پاك آن پاکرا كو خلافت داد مشت خاكرا 16.Lisân-alghaib (لسان الغيب), or the tongue of mystery (mentioned in Stewart’s Cat., p. 60 and in Ouseley’s Notices of Persian Poets), on fol. 419<sup>b</sup>, beginning: اسم توحيد ابتداى نام اوست مرغ روح جملگى در دام اوست Other copies of this rare mathnawî are only found in No. 1096 (1033 in this Cat.) and in the Bodleian Library (Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 4; No. 623, 6; No. 624, 13; No. 625. 20; and No. 626, 2). 17.Jawâhir-aldhât (جواهر الذات),also styled Jauhar-aldhât( جوهر الذات), and – most correctly – Jauhar-i-Dhât ( جوهر ذات, comp. W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., p. 780, note 1), or the essence of existence (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 3, etc.; Rieu ii. pp. 576<sup>b</sup> and 577<sup>a</sup>; W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., loc. cit.; G. Flügel i. p. 513; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 351). It is also styled جواهرنامه, see Rieu, loc. cit., and No. 1048 below, but comp. the remark in Haft Iḳlim, No. 733 (col. 431, ll. 5-8 in this Cat.). The present copy contains only the <em>first</em> of the <em>three daftars</em>, of which the mathnawî consists, comp. further below, Nos. 1046-1048. Beginning, on fol. 467<sup>b</sup>: بنام آنكه نور جسم و جانست خداى آشكارا و نهانست 18.Mażhar-al’ajâ’ib (مظهر العجائب), or the exhibition of curiosities (see Bodleian Cat., No. 622, 5, etc.; Rieu ii. p. 579; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 353; comp. also W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., p. 154, No. 7, where fragments of the same mathnawî seem to appear under the title of مظهر الاسرار), on fol. 564<sup>b</sup>, beginning: آفرين جان آفرين برجان جان زانكه هست او آشكارا و نهان This copy is tolerably old, but not dated. No. 559, ff. 626, 4 coll., each ll. 29; Nasta’lîḳ; an illuminated frontispiece at the beginning of each part; size, 12<sup>5/8</sup> in. by 8<sup>1/4</sup> in.