cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12366143
title: Foot shape analysis of professional American Football players

description: The goal of this paper is to quantify the shape of National Football League (NFL) players’ feet and to identify foot shape characteristics that facilitate the development and refinement of position-specific footwear for NFL players. Statistical shape analysis was performed on three-dimensional (3 D) scans of 290 NFL players’ feet obtained from 4 NFL teams during preseason training camps to identify the principal components that explain characteristics of the shape variability. Eight foot shape measurements were then defined to reflect the main principal components and were quantified. The foot volume, the arch shape in conjunction with the foot length, and the foot curvature explained more than 80% of the foot shape variation. The average foot length was 293 ± 13.7 mm and width was 110.6 ± 6.8 mm. Significant differences were observed between position groupings, primarily with regard to size. The prevalence of flat feet (defined as 0 arch depth) was greater in linemen and hybrid position groups than in the skill group. This information can facilitate improvements in the lasts used to create shoes for elite-level players and can also help inform footwear selection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12051522
title: Tiered intake assessment for food colours

description: A tiered intake assessment approach, ranging from the conservative default and refined budget method to refined dietary exposure assessments using national food consumption surveys is presented and applied to derive maximum potential global colour intake estimates. The US and UK markets served as representative for the world and the EU, respectively, to determine the maximum potential exposure ceilings for eleven colours in various sub-populations, including brand-loyal consumers. Industry-reported global use levels were assigned as the maximum level. Conservative intake assessments for food colours used in non-alcoholic beverages were estimated for the general population 2 + y, toddlers, children 3–9 y, adolescents 10–17 y, adults 18–64 y, elderly 65–74 y, very elderly 75 + y based on assumed uses in high intake markets. Refined dietary exposures were estimated using either the 2-day food consumption data from the 2013–2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey or the 4-day food consumption data from the 2008–2016 U.K. National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme. In the most refined market-share adjusted assessment, brand-specific market volume data were used to place appropriate weight on corresponding beverage type uses. Strong concordance between the refined budget method and the brand-loyal deterministic approach was shown, in which the latter assumes that the maximum use level of the colour is present in 100% of non-alcoholic beverages. This study shows that safety of colours – both synthetic and natural – in beverages at proposed use levels can be supported for any geography, with all intake estimates falling below the acceptable daily intake in refined assessments. Importantly, this study demonstrates that the refined budget method is a valid first-tier screening assessment to prioritise food colours that may benefit from more refined intake assessments when warranted.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12237581
title: Dietary exposure of Tunisian adult population aged from 19 to 65 years old to pesticides residues

description: Dietary exposure of the Tunisian adult population to pesticide residue was assessed using the Total Diet Study method. In the present study 170 pesticides were searched for in 42 aggregated foods characterised by 64 food samples representing the Tunisian diet. All the food samples were collected, prepared, and analysed for remains of pesticides including organochlorine, organophosphorous, carbamates and pyrethroids. The GC-MS analysis and the LC-MS/MS analysis and some other specific analytical methods were employed for the quantification of the pesticide residues in the food samples. Results revealed that21pesticides reached amounts greater than the LOQ(12.3%) and 149 pesticides reached amounts below the LOD (88%).For the 21 pesticides quantified, the ADI was not exceeded. For the 149 non-quantified pesticides, an interval defined by the lower and upper bounds was defined to assess the dietary exposure of the Tunisian adult population to those pesticides. We conclude that 8 pesticides theoretically exceed the ADI with the 95<sup>th</sup> percentile of exposure, those are: Diféthialone, Brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, Glufosinate, Heptachlor, Dieldrin Aldrin Oxydemeton-methyl. This study concludes that there is a low dietary exposure to pesticide residue of the Tunisian adult population. In fact, all the cases where the ADI was exceeded were theoretical due to the lower ADI value used.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12237581.v1
title: Dietary exposure of Tunisian adult population aged from 19 to 65 years old to pesticides residues

description: Dietary exposure of the Tunisian adult population to pesticide residue was assessed using the Total Diet Study method. In the present study 170 pesticides were searched for in 42 aggregated foods characterised by 64 food samples representing the Tunisian diet. All the food samples were collected, prepared, and analysed for remains of pesticides including organochlorine, organophosphorous, carbamates and pyrethroids. The GC-MS analysis and the LC-MS/MS analysis and some other specific analytical methods were employed for the quantification of the pesticide residues in the food samples. Results revealed that21pesticides reached amounts greater than the LOQ(12.3%) and 149 pesticides reached amounts below the LOD (88%).For the 21 pesticides quantified, the ADI was not exceeded. For the 149 non-quantified pesticides, an interval defined by the lower and upper bounds was defined to assess the dietary exposure of the Tunisian adult population to those pesticides. We conclude that 8 pesticides theoretically exceed the ADI with the 95<sup>th</sup> percentile of exposure, those are: Diféthialone, Brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, Glufosinate, Heptachlor, Dieldrin Aldrin Oxydemeton-methyl. This study concludes that there is a low dietary exposure to pesticide residue of the Tunisian adult population. In fact, all the cases where the ADI was exceeded were theoretical due to the lower ADI value used.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331490
title: Influence of different extraction conditions on the detection of glycinin and β-conglycinin in model processed foods by ELISA

description: The presence of undeclared soy proteins in food can cause severe reactions in soy allergic individuals. The extraction of target proteins from processed foods is a crucial step in allergen detection by immunoassays, as only successfully extracted target proteins can be detected by the specific antibodies. The effectiveness was studied of different conditions (type of buffer, temperature and time of incubation) on the extraction of total protein, and concentration of glycinin and β-conglycinin from different food matrices. The yields were determined using a soy protein isolate and three processed foods (sausage, bread and pâté) incurred with soy proteins. The yields were affected by the processing of analysed products and the composition and pH of the extraction buffers. Neutral and alkaline buffers (pH from 7.4 to 10.6) exhibited good protein extraction capacity and detectability of the specific target proteins. Denaturing additives and highly alkaline buffer (pH 12) extracted more crude protein but they were incompatible with the ELISA assay. Overall, the best results were obtained using phosphate (pH 7.4) and Tris/HCl (pH 8.5) buffers in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Crude protein yield of food extracts did not correlate with that of glycinin and β-conglycinin, whereas a good relationship was found between the yields of the two proteins.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331490.v1
title: Influence of different extraction conditions on the detection of glycinin and β-conglycinin in model processed foods by ELISA

description: The presence of undeclared soy proteins in food can cause severe reactions in soy allergic individuals. The extraction of target proteins from processed foods is a crucial step in allergen detection by immunoassays, as only successfully extracted target proteins can be detected by the specific antibodies. The effectiveness was studied of different conditions (type of buffer, temperature and time of incubation) on the extraction of total protein, and concentration of glycinin and β-conglycinin from different food matrices. The yields were determined using a soy protein isolate and three processed foods (sausage, bread and pâté) incurred with soy proteins. The yields were affected by the processing of analysed products and the composition and pH of the extraction buffers. Neutral and alkaline buffers (pH from 7.4 to 10.6) exhibited good protein extraction capacity and detectability of the specific target proteins. Denaturing additives and highly alkaline buffer (pH 12) extracted more crude protein but they were incompatible with the ELISA assay. Overall, the best results were obtained using phosphate (pH 7.4) and Tris/HCl (pH 8.5) buffers in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Crude protein yield of food extracts did not correlate with that of glycinin and β-conglycinin, whereas a good relationship was found between the yields of the two proteins.
DOI: 10.15468/2zrc7q
title: A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Anchimacheta (Lepidoptera: Urodidae) with descriptions of a new congener and an allied, new genus and species from Sri Lanka

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Sohn, Jae-Cheon (2014): A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Anchimacheta (Lepidoptera: Urodidae) with descriptions of a new congener and an allied, new genus and species from Sri Lanka. Journal of Natural History 48 (43 - 44): 2617-2631, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.939730, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.939730
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12198963
title: Heat and light stability of natural yellow colourants in model beverage systems

description: The performance of 10 natural yellow colourants at different concentrations (0.001–0.3% w/v) was investigated in a model beverage system at various pH levels (3.5, 5.5 and 7.5) containing 10% w/v of sucrose, with or without ethanol (15% v/v) to simulate both alcoholic and non-alcoholic lemon-like beverages. Thus, the incidence of pH, ethanol and colourant concentration on spectral properties as well as turbidity were evaluated. The λ<sub>max</sub> was found to be independent from concentration in the tested range (0.001– 0.3% w/v), whereas the specific absorbance at λ<sub>max</sub> increased linearly. Moreover, the absorption spectrum and λ<sub>max</sub> of yellow pigments were found to be independent of pH and ethanol. Gardenia, safflower, and curcumin had the highest colour intensity and the lowest turbidity level. Heat and light stability were studied for these as well. Safflower was found to be the most stable colourant against heat (25, 40, 60, 80°C) and light (550 W/m<sup>2</sup>, 30°C).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12210050
title: Dietary exposure to selected chemical contaminants in fish for the Danish population

description: The exposure to selected chemical contaminants from fish has been calculated for the Danish population, both for adults (15–75 years of age) and children (4–14 years of age). The Danish mean consumption of fish is 21 g person<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> for adults and 12 g person<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> for children. Fish consumption is the main food group contributor for exposure to mercury and dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/F and DL-PCB) for the Danish population. Comparison of the mean exposure with the TDI or TWI values shows for these substances as well as for perfluorooctane sulphuric acid (PFOS) that the exposure is below the TDI/TWI values. However, even without taking other food groups into account, PCDD/Fs and DL-PCB exposure is close to the actual TWI-value. Calculation of the Margin of Exposure (MOE) for the sum of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) revealed fish consumption to be of low concern for the consumer health regarding these contaminants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12210050.v1
title: Dietary exposure to selected chemical contaminants in fish for the Danish population

description: The exposure to selected chemical contaminants from fish has been calculated for the Danish population, both for adults (15–75 years of age) and children (4–14 years of age). The Danish mean consumption of fish is 21 g person<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> for adults and 12 g person<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> for children. Fish consumption is the main food group contributor for exposure to mercury and dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/F and DL-PCB) for the Danish population. Comparison of the mean exposure with the TDI or TWI values shows for these substances as well as for perfluorooctane sulphuric acid (PFOS) that the exposure is below the TDI/TWI values. However, even without taking other food groups into account, PCDD/Fs and DL-PCB exposure is close to the actual TWI-value. Calculation of the Margin of Exposure (MOE) for the sum of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) revealed fish consumption to be of low concern for the consumer health regarding these contaminants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12155883
title: Survey for acrylamide in processed foods from Korean market and individual exposure estimation using a non-parametric probabilistic model

description: Acrylamide, a known carcinogen, is formed during preparation of food containing reducing sugar and asparagine. Because acrylamide exposure of the population is primarily through food, the maximum levels of acrylamide in food were set by the European Commission in 2017. Moreover, in the 2016 Korean Total Diet study, acrylamide showed the lowest margin of exposure among 23 food-processing-related chemicals, necessitating risk reduction options. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the variation of acrylamide content in different food items and identify the food categories, to provide options for risk management. Acrylamide was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in more than 1,000 processed food items. To estimate acrylamide exposure, the analytical data obtained herein and the food consumption data of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2017 were used. A non-parametric technique of a probabilistic model was used for exposure estimation. Confectioneries (here this category includes potato and similar savoury snacks) contained a wide range of acrylamide content. Particularly, the highest acrylamide content was detected in a tea made of Jerusalem artichoke. The presence of acrylamide in turmeric along with the Jerusalem artichoke was reported in this study for the first time. The main contributors of dietary acrylamide exposure were confectioneries for youths aged 3–18 years and coffee for adults aged 19–80 years. Therefore, risk management in confectionery and coffee could help reduce acrylamide exposure for Koreans. In addition, the mitigation strategies for food containing high acrylamide content, such as Jerusalem artichoke tea, are needed to reduce acrylamide exposure to loyal consumers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12198963.v1
title: Heat and light stability of natural yellow colourants in model beverage systems

description: The performance of 10 natural yellow colourants at different concentrations (0.001–0.3% w/v) was investigated in a model beverage system at various pH levels (3.5, 5.5 and 7.5) containing 10% w/v of sucrose, with or without ethanol (15% v/v) to simulate both alcoholic and non-alcoholic lemon-like beverages. Thus, the incidence of pH, ethanol and colourant concentration on spectral properties as well as turbidity were evaluated. The λ<sub>max</sub> was found to be independent from concentration in the tested range (0.001– 0.3% w/v), whereas the specific absorbance at λ<sub>max</sub> increased linearly. Moreover, the absorption spectrum and λ<sub>max</sub> of yellow pigments were found to be independent of pH and ethanol. Gardenia, safflower, and curcumin had the highest colour intensity and the lowest turbidity level. Heat and light stability were studied for these as well. Safflower was found to be the most stable colourant against heat (25, 40, 60, 80°C) and light (550 W/m<sup>2</sup>, 30°C).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12014556
title: High-throughput simultaneous analysis of multiple pesticides in grain, fruit, and vegetables by GC-MS/MS

description: A multi-component quantitative GC-MS/MS method for monitoring and inspecting agricultural products was developed for the simultaneous determination of 365 pesticide residues in grain, beans, fruit and vegetables. Twenty-six pesticides that have been authorised in foreign countries but not in Korea were included in the newly adapted Korean positive list system. The method was validated by analysing spiked samples at three concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg) for brown rice, soy beans, mandarin orange, potato and green pepper matrice, which represented grain, beans, fruit, and vegetables. More than 95% of 365 compounds satisfied the validation criteria of 70–120% recovery and ≤20% relative standard deviation obtained through the proposed simultaneous multi-component analysis. Twenty-two types of pesticides were detected in 76 food samples, whose concentrations were below the maximum residue limits. Among the newly added pesticides, lambda-cyhalothrin, an analogue of cyhalothrin, was detected in peaches. The method can be applied to the analysis and inspection of pesticide residues in domestic and imported agricultural products for safety control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12023085
title: Identification of a pesticide exposure based market basket suitable for cumulative dietary risk assessments and food monitoring programmes

description: Consideration of cumulative dietary risks is a requirement in the European legislation for setting maximum residue levels for pesticides. Current cumulative exposure assessment methodologies strongly rely on representative occurrence data from food monitoring programmes. This study provides a sensitivity analysis, utilising (i) European consumption data expressed as raw agricultural commodity (RAC) equivalents from 23 different countries as published by the European Food Safety Authority and (ii) all maximum residue levels established for pesticides under European Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Based on two different degrees of conservatism, market baskets consisting of 16 or 41 RACs, respectively, were identified, covering the majority of the total chronic and acute daily exposure. The coverage of the exposure by these market baskets was tested by comparison of cumulative probabilistic exposure assessments for the German population using all food commodities and those using the reduced sets. It was demonstrated that ≥85% of the total chronic exposure is already covered by 16 RACs, while 41 RACs are required to reach a similarly satisfying coverage of the total acute exposure. Results from this study support resource efficient modelling of complex cumulative assessment scenarios and may help to improve the design of food monitoring programmes with respect to a more efficient assessment of potential consumer risks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12155883.v1
title: Survey for acrylamide in processed foods from Korean market and individual exposure estimation using a non-parametric probabilistic model

description: Acrylamide, a known carcinogen, is formed during preparation of food containing reducing sugar and asparagine. Because acrylamide exposure of the population is primarily through food, the maximum levels of acrylamide in food were set by the European Commission in 2017. Moreover, in the 2016 Korean Total Diet study, acrylamide showed the lowest margin of exposure among 23 food-processing-related chemicals, necessitating risk reduction options. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the variation of acrylamide content in different food items and identify the food categories, to provide options for risk management. Acrylamide was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in more than 1,000 processed food items. To estimate acrylamide exposure, the analytical data obtained herein and the food consumption data of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2017 were used. A non-parametric technique of a probabilistic model was used for exposure estimation. Confectioneries (here this category includes potato and similar savoury snacks) contained a wide range of acrylamide content. Particularly, the highest acrylamide content was detected in a tea made of Jerusalem artichoke. The presence of acrylamide in turmeric along with the Jerusalem artichoke was reported in this study for the first time. The main contributors of dietary acrylamide exposure were confectioneries for youths aged 3–18 years and coffee for adults aged 19–80 years. Therefore, risk management in confectionery and coffee could help reduce acrylamide exposure for Koreans. In addition, the mitigation strategies for food containing high acrylamide content, such as Jerusalem artichoke tea, are needed to reduce acrylamide exposure to loyal consumers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12014556.v1
title: High-throughput simultaneous analysis of multiple pesticides in grain, fruit, and vegetables by GC-MS/MS

description: A multi-component quantitative GC-MS/MS method for monitoring and inspecting agricultural products was developed for the simultaneous determination of 365 pesticide residues in grain, beans, fruit and vegetables. Twenty-six pesticides that have been authorised in foreign countries but not in Korea were included in the newly adapted Korean positive list system. The method was validated by analysing spiked samples at three concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg) for brown rice, soy beans, mandarin orange, potato and green pepper matrice, which represented grain, beans, fruit, and vegetables. More than 95% of 365 compounds satisfied the validation criteria of 70–120% recovery and ≤20% relative standard deviation obtained through the proposed simultaneous multi-component analysis. Twenty-two types of pesticides were detected in 76 food samples, whose concentrations were below the maximum residue limits. Among the newly added pesticides, lambda-cyhalothrin, an analogue of cyhalothrin, was detected in peaches. The method can be applied to the analysis and inspection of pesticide residues in domestic and imported agricultural products for safety control.