DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrrm
title: Data from: Responses in adult pied flycatcher males depend on playback song similarity to local population

description: Song divergence driven by social learning has been proposed to be a key
 factor driving allopatric speciation in oscine birds. Songbirds often
 respond more to songs deriving from their local population, suggesting the
 potential for acoustic divergence across populations to shape both intra-
 and intersexual interactions. However, many of these studies were
 conducted on species with simple songs and, as a result, we know
 comparatively little about the emergence of population differences and
 song discrimination in species with complex songs. We addressed this
 question in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) by calculating the
 dissimilarity of songs from two foreign populations as well as from our
 study site to the local centroid. We then conducted a paired-design
 playback experiment where both local and foreign songs were played
 simultaneously. We found that pied flycatcher males showed significantly
 stronger responses to those songs that sounded more similar to the local
 population. This suggests that despite the high complexity of the pied
 flycatcher song, individuals are still able to discriminate across
 populations. Our results support the hypothesis that learned song
 divergence can act as a mechanism for assortative mating and allopatric
 speciation.
description: # Datasets Responses in adult pied flycatcher males depend on playback
 song similarity to local population
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrrm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrrm) ## Description of the data and file structure Citation: Gallego-Abenza, Mario; H. Kraft, Fanny-Linn; Ma, Lan; Rajan, Samyuktha; Wheatcroft, David (2024). Responses in adult pied flycatcher males depend on playback song similarity to local population. Behavioral Ecology Contact information: [mariogallegoabenza@gmail.com](mailto:mariogallegoabenza@gmail.com) Methods: Dynamic time warping (DTW) resulting from Luscinia software ``` Euclidean distance calculation and Generalized Mixed Models (glmmTMB package) in R ``` ### File: "DTW results per song.csv" This file contains the calculated Dynamic Time Warping analysis for each song contained in a playback file. Notice that not all the playback files have been used as stimuli in the file. Variables: * "Population": Origin of recorded males * "Individual": Numbered male per population * "Song": Song-specific ID * "Pb_file": The name of the playback file. Notice that each playback file contains multiple songs * "Used_as_PB_file": (Yes/No), distinction regarding a playback file was used or not as stimuli in the study * "pc_1_value" - "pc_10_value": DTW results expressed in ten principal components ### File: "PC means of each playback file.csv" This file contains the mean of each principal component averaged per Playback file Variables: * "Pb_file": name of the playback file * "pc_1_value" - "pc_10_value": Means of the ten principal components ### File: "PC means of Tovetorp centroid.csv" Variables * "pc_1_value" - "pc_10_value": Means of the ten principal components used to calculate the Euclidean distance to the local centroid ### File: "Results of playback file dissimilarity to Tovetorp centroid.csv" This file contains the calculated dissimilarity values to the local centroid (Tovetorp population) of each Playback file Variables "Pb_file": Name of playback "Dissimilarity_based_DTW": Playback file-specific value referring to the Euclidean distance calculation based on the ten principal components to Tovetorp centroid ### File: "Behavioural responses.csv" Variables * "Date" * "Year" * "Experiment": Paired experiment-specific name * "NB": Nest boxes´ number * "Male_seen": whether or not a male was observed in the surroundings of a nest box while setting the experimental equitment * "Experiment_response": whether a paired experiment got a response in at least one the nest boxes * "Treatment": each paired experiment had two stimuli (local and foreign) * "Population": can be local (Tovetorp) or foreign (Spain or Netherlands) * "PB_file": name of the playback file used * "Playedback_ID": name of the recorded male used as acoustic stimuli * "Dissimilarity_DTW": Playback file-specific value referring to the Euclidean distance calculation based on the ten principal components to Tovetorp centroid * "On_top Freq": Number of times an individual was positioned on the roof lid of nest box - variable not used in the statistical analyses * "Entrance_Freq": Number of times an individual was on the nest box entrance - variable not used in the statistical analyses * "Pole_Freq": Number of times an individual was sitting on the pole between nest box and camera - variable not used in the statistical analyses * "Song": Number of times an individual was seen singing - variable not used in the statistical analyses * "Body_shake": Number of times an individual was seen shaking its body - variable not used in the statistical analyses * "Pecking_dummy": Number of pecks on the dummy positioned on nest box lid * "On_dummy_Freq": Number of times an individual was positioned on top of the dummy - variable not used in the statistical analyses the following variables were used to calculate the time spent around the nest box. Their summation was used as a response variable named "Time present (min)" * "Pole": Duration on pole (in seconds) * "Entrance": Duration on entrance (in seconds) * "On_top": Duration on the roof lid of nest box (in seconds) * "Inside": Duration inside (in seconds) * "On_dummy": Duration on dummy (in seconds)