DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s5q8f
title: Data from: Herbivore-induced volatile blends with both “fast” and “slow” components provide robust indirect defense in nature

description: 1.Plants emit volatile blends specific to particular herbivore
 interactions, which predators and parasitoids learn to associate with
 prey, increasing herbivore mortality and thereby plant fitness in a
 phenomenon termed indirect defense. 2.Herbivore-induced plant volatile
 blends commonly include both rapid, transient green leaf volatiles (GLVs)
 and delayed, enduring sesquiterpenes. A few laboratory studies indicate
 that insects can use plant volatiles to time behavior, but it is not known
 whether and how the temporal dynamics of plant volatile blends influence
 their function in indirect defense. 3.We characterized the activity of the
 native herbivores Manduca sexta and Tupiocoris notatus and their
 predators, Geocoris spp., on their host plant Nicotiana attenuata in their
 natural habitat. Diurnal predator activity only partially overlapped with
 variable herbivore activity, and herbivore attack at the beginning or end
 of the photophase elicited plant volatile blends with distinct GLV and
 sesquiterpene profiles. 4.In field trials, day-active Geocoris spp.
 predators preferred morning- over evening-typical GLV blends. Using plants
 genetically transformed so as to be unable to produce specific volatiles,
 we found that GLVs increased predation after dawn elicitations, whereas
 sesquiterpenes increased predation after dusk elicitations in field
 trials. 5.We conclude that predators respond to temporal differences in
 plant volatile blends, and that the different dynamics of specific
 volatiles permit effective indirect defense despite variable herbivore
 activity in nature.
description: Figure
 1B_Geocoris_feeding activitiesSource data for Figure
 1B, Geocoris abundance and feeding activity.Figure 1C and
 1D_predation assay controlSource data for Fig 1 C
 and D, day v. night predation rates.Figure 1E and S1_Feeding
 activitiesSource data for Fig 1E
 and S1: herbivore feeding activities.Figure 2C and 2D_HIPV
 emissions after the dawn and dusk elicitation in UtahSource data for Figure
 2C and 2D, herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions after dawn versus
 dusk elicitation of plants in the field.Figure 3_Different time
 elicitation experiment in the glasshouse RE-INTEGRATIONSource data for Fig. 3,
 herbivore-induced volatile emissions after eliciting plants at different
 times in the glasshouseFigure 4, S5, and S6_GLV
 supplementation predation assaySource data for Figs. 4,
 S5, and S6: Headspace supplementation with dawn versus dusk GLV blends and
 predation assays.Figure 4, Table S2_GLV
 blendsSource data for Fig. 4
 and Table S2, GLV blends used for supplementationFigure 5_EV irLOX2
 irLOX23 dawn dusk predation assaySource data for Fig. 5,
 predation from EV, irLOX2, and irLOX2/3 plants after dawn or dusk
 elicitationFigure 6 and training
 period_Geocoris activitySource data for Fig. 6
 and the training period prior to the EV, irLOX2, and irLOX2/3 predation
 assay (Fig. 5)Untargeted timecourse
 analysis_common_backgroundSource data for
 untargeted analysis of HIPV emissions described in the Supporting
 Information