DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pc866t1sf
title: Data from: A review of the glacial environment arthropod trace fossils Umfolozia and Warvichnium with the description of new ichnotaxa

description: Trace fossils are important records of the presence and behaviour of
 animals in the past, especially in deposits where few body fossils are
 preserved. They tend to provide the main palaeobiological record
 for past glacial environments and are thus very important for
 understanding the ecology of these palaeoenvironments. Two ichnogenera are
 common from past glacial environments: Umfolozia and Warvichnium. Both
 Umfolozia and Warvichnium are attributed to arthropods, and the former
 occurs across the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) and the latter occurs
 during both the LPIA and the Quaternary glacial event. Here, we review the
 stratigraphic record, ichnotaxonomy, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironments,
 and likely tracemakers of these two ichnogenera. In addition to assessing
 morphological ichnotaxobases, we use multivariate morphometric analysis
 and inferential statistical tests to support our ichnotaxonomic revisions.
 The diagnosis of Umfolozia is revised, with the description of a new
 ichnospecies, Umfolozia terere isp. nov., and the emendation of the
 previously named Umfolozia riojana (formerly Umfolozia longula) nom. rev.
 emend. We revised Warvichnium, maintaining the original Warvichnium
 ulbrichi, and allocating two morphologies to the ichnogenus Irichnus:
 Irichnus saltatorius and I. paripinnatus isp. nov.  These trace
 fossils record several behaviours, and have implications for
 palaeoenvironmental interpretations and the evolution of invertebrate
 ecosystems. Using Umfolozia and Warvichnium as case studies, we
 demonstrate the application of morphometric analysis in ichnotaxonomy and
 highlight this as a tool that may be applied to other trace-fossil groups.
description: The data was
 collected from previous publications and new material collected samples
 that are housed in the <em>Coleção Arqueológica e
 Paleontológica</em> (CAP) at the Federal University of São Carlos
 (UFSCar – Sorocaba campus, São Paulo, Brazil) at the <em>Laboratório
 de Paleobiologia e Astrobiologia</em> (LPA) under codes CAP/1D- and
 CAP/1H-. We processed the data using Zeiss ZEN 3.5 Lite (Blue Edition)
 software and later in RStudio. <strong>The
 archives are uploaded as
 follows</strong>:
 <strong>Appendix S1</strong>. A Dataset of the 173 specimens analysed.
 <strong>Appendix S2</strong>. Specimen photos (Figs. S1–S12):             <strong>Fig.
 S1</strong>. <em>Umfolozia terere</em>
 (CAP/1D-165). <strong>Fig. S2</strong>. <em>Umfolozia terere</em>
 (CAP/1D-28). <strong>Fig. S3</strong>. <em>Umfolozia terere</em> and
 ?<em>Irichnus saltatorius</em>
 (CAP/1D-162). <strong>Fig. S4</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em>
 (CAP/1D-134). <strong>Fig. S5</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em>
 (CAP/1D-144). <strong>Fig. S6</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em>
 (CAP/1D-145). <strong>Fig. S7</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em>
 (CAP/1D-168). <strong>Fig. S8</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em>
 (CAP/1D-398). <strong>Fig. S9.</strong> <em>Irichnus paripinnatus
 </em>and
 <em>Umfolozia terere</em> (CAP/1D-29).
 <strong>Fig. S10</strong>. <em>Irichnus paripinnatus</em> and
 <em>Umfolozia terere</em> (CAP/1D-51).
 <strong>Fig. S11</strong>. <em>Warvichnium ulbrichi</em> (FG
 290/6). <strong>Fig. S12</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em> (FG
 290/26). <strong>Appendix S3</strong>. List of occurrences (Tables
 S1–S6):             <strong>Table S1</strong>. <em>Umfolozia sinuosa</em> Savage,
 1971.             <strong>Table
 S2</strong>. <em>Umfolozia riojana</em> (Aceñolaza,
 1978) nom. rev. emend.             <strong>Table S3</strong>. <em>Umfolozia terere</em> isp.
 nov.             <strong>Table
 S4</strong>. <em>Warvichnium ulbrichi</em> Walter,
 1985.             <strong>Table
 S5</strong>. <em>Irichnus saltatorius</em> Skompski,
 1991.             <strong>Table
 S6</strong>. <em>Irichnus paripinnatus</em> isp.
 nov. <strong>Appendix S4</strong>. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis and
 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests (Tables S7–S8):             <strong>Table
 S7</strong>. <em>Umfolozia</em>
             <strong>Table
 S8</strong>.
 <em>Warvichnium</em>+<em>Irichnus</em>
 <strong>Appendix S5</strong>. R Script. <strong>Appendix S6</strong>. Deep sea isopods (video).
 <strong>Appendix S7</strong>. Dive 01: Giant isopod (video).
 <strong>Appendix S8</strong>. Dive 11: Winner, winner, fish head dinner
 (video).
description: R software (version 4.2.0 or above).
description: # Data from: A review of the glacial environment arthropod trace fossils
 Umfolozia and Warvichnium with the description of new ichnotaxa *** The
 data was collected from previous publications (listed below) and new
 material collected samples that are housed in the Coleo Arqueolgica e
 Paleontolgica (CAP) at the Federal University of So Carlos (UFSCar
 Sorocaba campus, So Paulo, Brazil) at the Laboratrio de Paleobiologia e
 Astrobiologia (LPA) under codes CAP/1D- and CAP/1H-. We processed the data
 using Zeiss ZEN 3.5 Lite (Blue Edition) software and later in RStudio.
 References used: [1] Walter, H., 1985. Zur Ichnologie des Pleistozns von
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 V., 2008. Trace fossils from the Upper Pleistocene glaciolacustrine
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 doi.org/10.2478/v10056-008-0047-9 [4] Uchman, A., Kazakauskas, V.,
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 [26] Skompski, S., 1991. Trace fossils in the deposits of ice-dammed
 lakes. Kwartalknik Geologiczny 35, 119130. ## Description of the Data and
 file structure **Appendix\_S1.xlsx**: The raw dataset of 173 specimens
 analysed, divided into sheets with: 'Data' (raw data),
 'Umfolozia' (data only from the Umfolozia morphological group),
 'Warvichnium' (data only from the Warvichnium morphological
 group), 'Exploratory Data' (data with minimum, maximum, mean,
 and standard deviation), 'Legend' (with acronyms used in the
 'data' sheet), and 'References' (with used references
 for measurements). All measurements are in millimetres (mm). NA = no
 values. **Appendix\_S2.docx**: Specimen photos (Figs S1-S12)
 **Appendix\_S3.mp4**: Deep sea isopods (video) - Courtesy of NOAA Office
 of Ocean Exploration and Research, produced by Kip Evans, funded by
 National Geographic (Project: Sustainable Seas Expeditions) - RF
 **Appendix\_S4.mp4**: Dive 01: Giant isopod (video) - Courtesy of NOAA
 Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (Project: Gulf of Mexico 2017
 expedition) - RF **Appendix\_S5.mp4**: Dive 11: Winner, winner, fish head
 dinner (video) - Courtesy of NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research
 (Project: 2019 Southeastern U.S. Deep-sea exploration) - RF
 **Appendix\_S6.docx**: List of occurrences **Appendix\_S7.rar**: R Script
 .rar file including, **umfo\_warv.R**: Script in R with the functions that
 were used in the paper **measurements\_um\_wa.xlsx**: Data with modified
 header for reading in R **umfolozia.csv**: *Umfolozia* data
 **warvichnium.csv**: *Warvichnium* data **Appendix\_S8.docx**: Results of
 Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistical tests <br>
 Legend from 'Appendix\_S1.xlsx' and
 'measurements\_um\_wa.xlsx' * Acronym Description * TWEW
 Trackway external width * MTEW Middle track external width * ITEW Internal
 track external width * IIL Internal imprint length * MIAM Middle imprint
 angle in relation to midline * ERW External imprint width * MISL Middle
 imprint series length * TRW Track row width * SL Series length * TAM Track
 imprint series angle to midline * IW Internal width * ITW Internal imprint
 width * ESL External imprint series length * ETRW External track row
 imprint width * REIW REIW = TWEW / IW * RESL RESL = TWEW / SL * REELS
 REELS = TWEW / ESL * RTWIT RTWIT = TWEW / ITEW * Us Umfolozia sinuosa * Ur
 Umfolozia riojana * Ut Umfolozia terere * Wu Warvichnium ulbrichi * Is
 Irichnus saltatorius * Ip Irichnus paripinnatus * ichnosp Ichnospecimen *
 ref Reference * morph Morphology of the ichnospecimen * PL Pleistocene *
 PL-HL Pleistocene - Holocene * PE Permian * EP Early Permian * LC Late
 Carboniferous * MC Middle Carboniferous * ED Early Devonian * ?LS ?Late
 Silurian ## Sharing/access Information Links to other publicly accessible
 locations of the data: https://github.com/gabrielbarea Script author:
 Gabriel E. B. de Barros ## Paper Information A review of the glacial
 environment arthropod trace fossils Umfolozia and Warvichnium with the
 description of new ichnotaxa Gabriel E. B. de Barros; Bernardo de C. P. e
 M. Peixoto; Joo H. D. Lima ; Nicholas J. Minter; Daniel Sedorko
 gbareabarros@gmail.com (G.E.B. de Barros, Corresponding author)