cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123038.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Segment Type 1 Split Cord Malformation with Two-Level Split Cord Malformation and a Single Dural Sac at the Lower Split

description: <i>Objective and Importance:</i> Two-level bony spurs are rare and also a very long segment of bony spur is very rare. Bony spur with a single dural covering is not reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of prophylactic surgery performed on a patient with a bony spur with a single dural covering who showed a good postoperative outcome. This case highlights the importance of prophylactic surgery in such patients to avoid cord injuries. <i>Clinical Presentation:</i> Since birth a 1-year-old child had had a tuft of hair at the dorsal (D<sub>6</sub> and D<sub>7</sub>) region. The patient was examined and found to have scoliosis with convexity towards the right. There was no neurological deficit. MRI and CT spine scans showed 2-level type 1 split cord malformation (SCM) and there was a low-lying conus at the L<sub>3–4</sub> level. <i>Intervention:</i> The patient was operated on at the age of 1 year and 2 separate bony septae were observed. The upper one extended from D<sub>5</sub> to D<sub>9</sub> and the lower one was at the D<sub>11</sub> level. The bony spurs were excised. The filum was sectioned at the L<sub>4–5</sub> level by a separate incision. The patient had a good postoperative recovery. <i>Conclusion:</i> With meticulous planning and careful surgery, prophylactic surgery can have a very good outcome in long-segment and two-level type 1 SCM.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123041
title: Supplementary Material for: Endoscopic Closure of a Tracheal Access Site Using BioGlue after Transtracheal Thoracoscopy in a Nonsurvival Canine Model

description: <i>Objectives:</i> An ideal wound closure device would repair the wound with minimal complexity. In this report, we describe a simple wound closure method using BioGlue sealant. <i>Method:</i> Eleven canines underwent transtracheal pericardial window creation under endoscopic guidance for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The tracheal wound was closed using BioGlue sealant. The integrity of the wound was assessed by determining the amount of air leaking under mechanical ventilation. <i>Results:</i> Transtracheal thoracic exploration and pericardial window creation was successful for all of the canines, and adequate wound closure was achieved in 10 of the canines. There was 1 case of NOTES-related death arising from misplacement of the endotracheal tube in the left lower lobar bronchus. This caused a collapse of the left upper lobe and ventilatory failure. Minor lung injuries occurred in 3 canines and minor mediastinal bleeding was encountered in 1 canine during the creation of the access site. <i>Conclusion:</i> BioGlue sealant was found to be effective in sealing the tracheal wound in all but 1 of the canines. This study demonstrates that the use of the sealant is a simple and efficient means of endoscopically closing the tracheal access site in NOTES.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123035
title: Supplementary Material for: Cryptic Introgression of <i>Dasypyrum villosum</i> Parental DNA in Wheat Lines Derived from Intergeneric Hybridization

description: Cytogenetic and DNA molecular analyses have been carried out in 3 wheat introgression lines (ILs; CS×V58, CS×V59, and CS×V60) derived from <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) × <i>Dasypyrum villosum</i><i>(Dv)</i> intergeneric hybridization. All lines, which showed several phenotypic differences compared to CS, had the same chromosome number (2n = 42) and structure as CS, and neither chromosomes nor chromatin from <i>Dv</i> were apparently added to their complement. However, Feulgen/DNA cytophotometry showed that there was more nuclear DNA in the lines than in the parental wheat (by 1.85%, 2.76%, and 1.26% in CS×V58, CS×V59, and CS×V60, respectively). Molecular investigation indicated the presence of <i>Dv</i> DNA in the ILs. AFLP analysis of genomic DNA from the ILs, CS, and <i>Dv</i> detected a total of 120 polymorphic bands, of which 7 (5.8%) were present in some or all the ILs and <i>Dv</i> but were absent in CS. PCR amplification, sequence analysis of amplicons, and Southern blot hybridization confirmed the presence of <i>Dv</i>-specific sequences in each of the ILs. These results indicate cryptic introgression of <i>Dv</i> DNA sequences into the genome of the ILs. Some implications of this finding are discussed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123041.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Endoscopic Closure of a Tracheal Access Site Using BioGlue after Transtracheal Thoracoscopy in a Nonsurvival Canine Model

description: <i>Objectives:</i> An ideal wound closure device would repair the wound with minimal complexity. In this report, we describe a simple wound closure method using BioGlue sealant. <i>Method:</i> Eleven canines underwent transtracheal pericardial window creation under endoscopic guidance for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The tracheal wound was closed using BioGlue sealant. The integrity of the wound was assessed by determining the amount of air leaking under mechanical ventilation. <i>Results:</i> Transtracheal thoracic exploration and pericardial window creation was successful for all of the canines, and adequate wound closure was achieved in 10 of the canines. There was 1 case of NOTES-related death arising from misplacement of the endotracheal tube in the left lower lobar bronchus. This caused a collapse of the left upper lobe and ventilatory failure. Minor lung injuries occurred in 3 canines and minor mediastinal bleeding was encountered in 1 canine during the creation of the access site. <i>Conclusion:</i> BioGlue sealant was found to be effective in sealing the tracheal wound in all but 1 of the canines. This study demonstrates that the use of the sealant is a simple and efficient means of endoscopically closing the tracheal access site in NOTES.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123032
title: Supplementary Material for: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Presenting as Gaze Palsy

description: The most frequent initial ocular manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is retinal involvement. Here, we report an unusual case of AML associated with a pontine chloroma presenting with gaze palsy as the initial symptom. A 77-year-old Caucasian man presented to the Eye Casualty complaining of a one-day history of blurred vision. On examination, his face was turned to the left, both eyes were fixed in dextroversion and the patient demonstrated left gaze palsy associated with left motor neurone VII palsy. Baseline blood investigations revealed leucocytosis with 60% circulating myeloblasts. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of myelomonocytic leukaemia. A CT scan showed a well-circumscribed lesion in the dorsal pons, most likely representing a chloroma. Chloromas or myeloblastomas related to AML are localised extramedullary tumours composed of leukaemic myeloid cells. Chloromas may be present at the time of the initial diagnosis of leukaemia or may precede the diagnosis by 1 month to 2 years; however, their occurrence in the central nervous system is rare, comprising 1–6% of all chloromas. This case illustrates the many different ways that AML can manifest itself in the eyes, and ophthalmologists should be aware of the great variety of presenting symptoms in undiagnosed AML.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123023
title: Supplementary Material for: RAGE Does Not Contribute to Renal Injury and Damage upon Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Injury

description: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates a variety of inflammatory responses in renal diseases, but its role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. We showed that during renal I/R, RAGE ligands HMGB1 and S100B are expressed. However, RAGE deficiency does not affect renal injury and function upon I/R-induced injury.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123026
title: Supplementary Material for: Regional Variations in the Management of Testicular or Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development

description: Disorders of sex development arise in parts of the world with different socio-economic and cultural characteristics. We wished to determine the regional variations in the management of these conditions. A questionnaire was e-mailed to the 650 members of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), an international society with a mainly European membership but which also includes professionals from other continents. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. A total of 62 answers were received, a satisfactory rate given that not all members are involved in this issue. Results show statistically significant regional differences for available diagnostic resources, age of the patient at gender assignment, parameters considered important for gender assignment, and timing of discussion of various issues with parents and patient. The regional variations exist not only between different continents, as already demonstrated by others, but also between Northern, Latin and Eastern European countries. This suggests that ‘one-fits-all’ guidelines for management are not appropriate.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123029
title: Supplementary Material for: Characterizing Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes with Combination of Multiple Techniques

description: Fourteen cases with constitutional small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) were assessed by combination of diverse techniques including genome-wide high-resolution chromosomal microarray (CMA), chromosome banding analysis (G banding), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Of the 14 sSMCs, 4 were complex sSMCs composed of genomic materials from more than one chromosome, 7 were simple sSMCs which contain only centromeric and/or pericentromeric regions from individual chromosomes, and the remaining 3 sSMCs contained inverted duplications. CMA precisely defined the breakpoints and genetic contents in 12 of the 14 sSMCs but failed to identify 2 of the 14 sSMCs due to lack of detectable euchromatin. In addition, CMA revealed unexpected genomic abnormalities in 2 cases. FISH techniques were necessary for the determination of the physical location, structure, formation mechanism, mosaic level, and origin of all these sSMCs. Our data emphasize the necessity to combine these methods for comprehensive characterization of sSMCs
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123035.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Cryptic Introgression of <i>Dasypyrum villosum</i> Parental DNA in Wheat Lines Derived from Intergeneric Hybridization

description: Cytogenetic and DNA molecular analyses have been carried out in 3 wheat introgression lines (ILs; CS×V58, CS×V59, and CS×V60) derived from <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) × <i>Dasypyrum villosum</i><i>(Dv)</i> intergeneric hybridization. All lines, which showed several phenotypic differences compared to CS, had the same chromosome number (2n = 42) and structure as CS, and neither chromosomes nor chromatin from <i>Dv</i> were apparently added to their complement. However, Feulgen/DNA cytophotometry showed that there was more nuclear DNA in the lines than in the parental wheat (by 1.85%, 2.76%, and 1.26% in CS×V58, CS×V59, and CS×V60, respectively). Molecular investigation indicated the presence of <i>Dv</i> DNA in the ILs. AFLP analysis of genomic DNA from the ILs, CS, and <i>Dv</i> detected a total of 120 polymorphic bands, of which 7 (5.8%) were present in some or all the ILs and <i>Dv</i> but were absent in CS. PCR amplification, sequence analysis of amplicons, and Southern blot hybridization confirmed the presence of <i>Dv</i>-specific sequences in each of the ILs. These results indicate cryptic introgression of <i>Dv</i> DNA sequences into the genome of the ILs. Some implications of this finding are discussed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123020
title: Supplementary Material for: Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Alginate Biosynthetic Gene algD by the Gac/Rsm System in Azotobacter vinelandii

description: <i>Azotobacter vinelandii </i>is a soil bacterium that produces the polysaccharide alginate. The two-component system GacS/GacA is required for alginate synthesis since a mutation in <i>gacS </i>or <i>gacA </i>significantly reduced the level of transcripts of <i>algD</i>, the gene encoding GDP-mannose dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of the alginate biosynthetic pathway. In many γ-proteobacteria, GacA homologs control the expression of small regulatory RNAs of the RsmZ/Y/X (CsrB/CsrC) family that interact with RsmA (CsrA) proteins. These proteins bind to their target mRNAs acting as translational repressors. The interaction of Rsm/Csr small RNAs with RsmA/CsrA counteract its repressor activity. In this study, one <i>rsmA</i> gene, seven <i>rsmZ</i> and two <i>rsmY</i> homologs were identified in the <i>A. vinelandii</i> genome. Two of the <i>rsmZ</i> homologs, named <i>rsmZ1</i> and <i>rsmZ2</i>, together with <i>rsmA</i>, were characterized. Northern blot analysis was carried out to show that in <i>A. vinelandii, </i>GacA activates <i>rsmZ1</i> and <i>rsmZ2</i> transcription. We also showed that either overexpression of <i>rsmA</i> or inactivation of <i>rsmZ1</i> or <i>rsmZ2</i> diminished the production of alginate. In addition, interaction of RsmA with RsmZ1, RsmZ2 and the <i>algD </i>mRNA was demonstrated in vitro. These results show that GacS/A regulates alginate biosynthesis by post-transcriptional control of <i>algD </i>expression through the Rsm system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123023.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: RAGE Does Not Contribute to Renal Injury and Damage upon Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Injury

description: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates a variety of inflammatory responses in renal diseases, but its role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. We showed that during renal I/R, RAGE ligands HMGB1 and S100B are expressed. However, RAGE deficiency does not affect renal injury and function upon I/R-induced injury.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123032.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Presenting as Gaze Palsy

description: The most frequent initial ocular manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is retinal involvement. Here, we report an unusual case of AML associated with a pontine chloroma presenting with gaze palsy as the initial symptom. A 77-year-old Caucasian man presented to the Eye Casualty complaining of a one-day history of blurred vision. On examination, his face was turned to the left, both eyes were fixed in dextroversion and the patient demonstrated left gaze palsy associated with left motor neurone VII palsy. Baseline blood investigations revealed leucocytosis with 60% circulating myeloblasts. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of myelomonocytic leukaemia. A CT scan showed a well-circumscribed lesion in the dorsal pons, most likely representing a chloroma. Chloromas or myeloblastomas related to AML are localised extramedullary tumours composed of leukaemic myeloid cells. Chloromas may be present at the time of the initial diagnosis of leukaemia or may precede the diagnosis by 1 month to 2 years; however, their occurrence in the central nervous system is rare, comprising 1–6% of all chloromas. This case illustrates the many different ways that AML can manifest itself in the eyes, and ophthalmologists should be aware of the great variety of presenting symptoms in undiagnosed AML.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123017
title: Supplementary Material for: The Clinical Effect of the Inhibitor of Apopotosis Protein Livin in Melanoma

description: <i>Objective:</i> The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) livin is frequently overexpressed in melanoma. Livin binds caspases and thereby inhibits apoptosis. We found that caspases cleave livin to produce a truncated form with a paradoxical proapoptotic activity. <i>Methods:</i> We assessed the correlation of livin expression with survival among 114 melanoma patients treated with an autologous melanoma vaccine. In 52 patients, resection resulted in no evidence of disease (NED) and 62 remained with active disease (WAD). Protein levels were assessed using Western blot. <i>Results:</i> We found livin protein expression in 44/114 samples (38.4%). Median overall survival was 1.4 years in NED patients with high levels of livin protein, 8.4 years in those with low-intermediate levels and not reached in patients who did not express livin (p = 0.025). The corresponding overall survival was 2.3 years among WAD patients with high levels of livin protein, 11.3 years in those with low-intermediate levels and, paradoxically, only 4.0 years in patients who did not express livin (p = 0.012). <i>Conclusion:</i> Livin protein expression may play a role in the progression of melanoma and correlates with survival. A high level of the protein is associated with a poor prognosis. However, in WAD patients low to intermediate level of livin, rather than absence of the protein, is associated with a favorable prognosis. This is probably due to the paradoxical proapoptotic activity of this important regulator of apoptosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123026.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Regional Variations in the Management of Testicular or Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development

description: Disorders of sex development arise in parts of the world with different socio-economic and cultural characteristics. We wished to determine the regional variations in the management of these conditions. A questionnaire was e-mailed to the 650 members of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), an international society with a mainly European membership but which also includes professionals from other continents. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. A total of 62 answers were received, a satisfactory rate given that not all members are involved in this issue. Results show statistically significant regional differences for available diagnostic resources, age of the patient at gender assignment, parameters considered important for gender assignment, and timing of discussion of various issues with parents and patient. The regional variations exist not only between different continents, as already demonstrated by others, but also between Northern, Latin and Eastern European countries. This suggests that ‘one-fits-all’ guidelines for management are not appropriate.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123011
title: Supplementary Material for: Towards Understanding the Cause of Stroke in Young Adults Utilising a New Stroke Classification System (A-S-C-O)

description: <i>Background:</i> Stroke in younger people is relatively common and frequently unexplained. While understanding of the causes of young stroke has improved, there remains uncertainty over the role of low-risk lesions such as a patent foramen ovale (PFO). The TOAST criteria are often used to describe stroke aetiology, but in younger people in whom PFOs are frequent, there is a very high proportion of cases attributed to cardiac embolism. The impact of using the newer A-S-C-O criteria on stroke aetiology was investigated. <i>Methods:</i> Consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke were investigated and categorised by the TOAST and ASCO1 criteria. Stroke aetiology was presented and compared by the different classification systems. <i>Results:</i> Of the 106 ischaemic stroke cases, by TOAST 6% were ‘large artery atheroma’, 11% ‘small vessel occlusion’, 28% ‘cardioembolic’, 22% ‘other determined cause’ and 33% ‘undetermined cause’. The vascular territory and associated causes are presented. With the ASCO1 criteria, there were more cases of unclassified stroke (51.9 vs. 34.0%; p &lt; 0.001) and fewer cases of cardiac embolism. Kappa ranged from 0.5 for ‘undetermined aetiology’ to 1.0 for both ‘large artery atheroma’ and ‘other determined aetiology’. Younger cases (&lt;45 years) were less likely to be either ‘large artery atheroma’ or ‘small vessel occlusion’. <i>Conclusion:</i> Using the ASCO criteria, more patients fall into the undetermined group which more accurately reflects our current uncertainty regarding the pathogenic relevance of PFOs in this age group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123017.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Clinical Effect of the Inhibitor of Apopotosis Protein Livin in Melanoma

description: <i>Objective:</i> The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) livin is frequently overexpressed in melanoma. Livin binds caspases and thereby inhibits apoptosis. We found that caspases cleave livin to produce a truncated form with a paradoxical proapoptotic activity. <i>Methods:</i> We assessed the correlation of livin expression with survival among 114 melanoma patients treated with an autologous melanoma vaccine. In 52 patients, resection resulted in no evidence of disease (NED) and 62 remained with active disease (WAD). Protein levels were assessed using Western blot. <i>Results:</i> We found livin protein expression in 44/114 samples (38.4%). Median overall survival was 1.4 years in NED patients with high levels of livin protein, 8.4 years in those with low-intermediate levels and not reached in patients who did not express livin (p = 0.025). The corresponding overall survival was 2.3 years among WAD patients with high levels of livin protein, 11.3 years in those with low-intermediate levels and, paradoxically, only 4.0 years in patients who did not express livin (p = 0.012). <i>Conclusion:</i> Livin protein expression may play a role in the progression of melanoma and correlates with survival. A high level of the protein is associated with a poor prognosis. However, in WAD patients low to intermediate level of livin, rather than absence of the protein, is associated with a favorable prognosis. This is probably due to the paradoxical proapoptotic activity of this important regulator of apoptosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123014
title: Supplementary Material for: Current National Patterns of Comorbid Diabetes among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

description: <i>Background:</i> Type 2 diabetes rates in the general population have risen with the growing obesity epidemic. Knowledge of temporal patterns and factors associated with comorbid diabetes among stroke patients may enable health practitioners and policy makers to develop interventions aimed at reducing diabetes rates, which may consequently lead to declines in stroke incidence and improvements in stroke outcomes. <i>Methods:</i> Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), a nationally representative data set of US hospital admissions, we assessed trends in the proportion of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with comorbid diabetes from 1997 to 2006. Independent factors associated with comorbid diabetes were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. <i>Results:</i> Over the study period, the absolute number of AIS hospitalizations declined by 17% (from 489,766 in 1997 to 408,378 in 2006); however, the absolute number of AIS hospitalizations with comorbid type 2 diabetes rose by 27% [from 97,577 (20%) in 1997 to 124,244 (30%) in 2006, p &lt; 0.001]. The rise in comorbid diabetes over time was more pronounced in patients who were relatively younger, Black or ‘other’ race, on Medicaid, or admitted to hospitals located in the South. Factors independently associated with higher odds of diabetes in AIS patients were Black or ‘other’ versus White race, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, history of myocardial infarction, renal disease and hypertension. <i>Conclusions:</i> Although hospitalizations for AIS in the US decreased from 1997 to 2006, there was a steep rise in the proportion with comorbid diabetes (from 1 in 5 to almost 1 in 3). Specific patient populations may be potential targets for mitigating this trend.