DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx99q
title: Data from: Comparative phylogeography of three host sea anemones in the Indo-Pacific

description: Aim The mutualistic relationship between anemones and anemonefishes is one
 of the most iconic examples of symbiosis. However, while anemonefishes
 have been extensively studied in terms of genetic connectivity, such
 information is lacking entirely for host sea anemones. Here, we provide
 the first information on the broad-scale population structure and
 phylogeographic patterns of three species of host sea
 anemone, Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla
 mertensii, and Entacmaea quadricolor. We evaluate if
 there is concordance in genetic structure across several distinct
 biogeographic areas within the Indo-Pacific region and to what extent the
 observed patterns may concur with those found for anemonefishes. 
 Location Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea. Taxon Heteractis
 magnifica, Stichodactyla
 mertensii, and Entacmaea quadricolor Methods
 Microsatellite markers and a combination of statistical methods
 includingBayesian clustering, Isolation by Distance (IBD), Analysis of
 Molecular Variance (AMOVA), and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were
 used to determine population structure. The congruence among distance
 matrices method (CADM) was used to assess similarity in spatial genetic
 patterns among species. Results Significant population structure was
 identified in the three host anemone species. Each species is likely
 composed of at least two genetic clusters corresponding to two
 biogeographic regions, the Red Sea and the rest of the Indo-Pacific. Two
 of the three anemone species seem to be experiencing admixture where the
 two main clusters overlap (the Maldives). IBD analyses in the Red Sea
 revealed differences in gene flow among species, suggesting more limited
 dispersal potential for E. quadricolorthan forS.
 mertensiiand H. magnifica. Clonality is documented in S.
 mertensii for the first time. Main conclusions This research
 documents the genetic population structure for three ecologically
 important host sea anemones across the Indo-Pacific and provides valuable
 insights regarding their biogeography and evolution. Specifically, we
 found high levels of genetic divergence between populations across
 different biogeographic regions, suggesting different evolutionary
 lineages within species. At the same time, common geographic overlap of
 population structures suggests similar evolutionary histories among all
 three species. Interestingly, the observed patterns are congruent to some
 extent with structure reported for several anemonefish species, reflecting
 their close ecological association.
description: The final datasets consisted of multilocus genotypes for
 205 <i>H. magnifica </i>individuals, 122 <i>S.
 mertensii</i>individuals, and 249 <i>E.
 quadricolor </i>individuals. For each species two sheets are
 provided. One that includes all specimens including clones (WITH CLONES)
 and one for which only one representative of each clone was included (NO
 CLONES). The genotypes for each microsatellite are given in base
 pairs.  A tentacle of each specimens was collected
 using dissecting scissors and forceps whilst SCUBA diving at 42 sites
 across the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea. Specimens were placed in 2 ml vials
 and stored in 96% ethanol.  All forward sequences were
 labelled with a fluorescent dye (6-FAM, NED, PET, VIC). PCR conditions
 followed the Qiagen PCR Multiplex kit protocol with modifications as in
 Gatins et al. (2018); a total of 10 µL was used for each individual
 reaction mix, including 5 µL of Multiplex PCR MasterMix (Qiagen), 1 µL of
 primers (2 µM; see Table S1, Supporting information), 3.3 µL of water and
 0.7 µL DNA (50-150 ng/µL). The thermocycler conditions for PCR
 amplifications were: 95 ºC for 15 min, then 25 cycles of 94 ºC for 30 s,
 annealing at a locus-specific temperature (57/60 ºC, see Table S1,
 Supporting information) for 90 s, and an extension at 72 °C for 60 s, with
 a final extension set at 60 °C for 30 min. Further details regarding
 microsatellite and PCR protocols can be found in Gatins et al. (2018).
 Final PCR products of 10 µL were diluted with 130 µL MilliQ water before
 being sent for fragment size analysis using a GeneScan 500-LIZ size
 standard and an ABI 3730xl genetic analyser (Applied Biosystems, USA) in
 the Biosciences CORE laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and
 Technology, Saudi Arabia. Genotyping was completed using Geneious v.
 8.1.6     
 Gatins, R., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Scott, A., & Berumen, M.
 L. (2018). Development and characterization of new polymorphic
 microsatellite markers in four sea anemones: <i>Entacmaea
 quadricolor</i>, <i>Heteractis
 magnifica</i>, <i>Stichodactyla gigantea</i>,
 and <i>Stichodactyla mertensii</i>. <i>Marine
 Biodiversity</i>, <i>48</i>, 1283–1290.
 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0576-0