DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hg77n
title: Data from: Adaptive and non-adaptive evolution of trait means and genetic trait correlations for herbivory resistance and performance in an invasive plant

description: The EICA-hypothesis predicts that invading plants adapt to their novel
 environment by evolving increased performance and reduced resistance in
 response to the release from natural enemies, and assumes a resource
 allocation tradeoff among both trait groups as mechanistic basis of this
 evolutionary change. Using the plant Silene latifolia as a study system,
 we tested these predictions by investigating whether 1) invasive
 populations evolved lower resistance and higher performance, 2) this
 evolutionary change is indeed adaptive, and 3) there is a negative genetic
 correlation among performance and resistance (i.e. a tradeoff) in native
 and introduced individuals. We sampled eight native and eight invasive
 populations and determined their population co-ancestry based on neutral
 SSR-markers. We performed controlled crossings to produce five sib-groups
 per population and exposed them to increased and reduced levels of enemy
 attack in a full-factorial experiment to estimate performance and
 resistance. With these data, we performed trait-by-trait comparisons
 between ranges with ‘animal models’ that account for population
 co-ancestry to quantify the amount of variance in traits explained by
 non-adaptive vs. adaptive evolution. Moreover, we tested for genetic
 correlations among performance and resistance traits within sib-groups. We
 found significant reductions in resistance and increases in performance in
 invasive versus native populations, which could largely be attributed to
 adaptive evolution. While we detected a non-significant trend towards
 negative genetic performance × resistance correlations in native
 populations, invasive populations exhibited both significant and
 non-significant positive correlations. In summary, these results do not
 support a shift of performance and resistance trait values along a
 tradeoff line in response to enemy release, as predicted EICA. They rather
 suggest that the independent evolution of both traits is not constrained
 by a tradeoff, and that various selective agents (including resource
 availability) interact in shaping both traits and in weakening negative
 genetic correlations in the invaded habitat.
description: Data
 SSR-analysesSSR-data for native and
 invasive field populations of Silene latifolia, which were used for the
 calculation of the population co-ancestry matrix. The first column
 "Ind" provides ID´s for the sampled field individuals, which
 consist of population_sex (f=female, m=male)_consectual number. The colums
 "SL1"-"SL85" correspond to the SSR-marker used in the
 study.Pairwise population
 co-ancestry for native and invasive populationsR object: Pairwise
 within and among population co-ancestry coefficients calculated from
 SSR-data for native and invasive study populations.coancestry_matrix_EU+US.RobjPairwise population co-ancestry for native populationsR-object: Pairwise within and among population co-ancestry coefficients calculated from SSR-data for native study populations.coancestry_matrix_EU.RobjPairwise population co-ancestry for invasive populationsR-object: Pairwise within and among population co-ancestry coefficients calculated from SSR-data for invasive study populations.coancestry_matrix_US.RobjData experimentData from the enemy release experiment.