DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p88b8v8
title: Data from: Learning from the past: a reverberation of past errors in the cerebellar climbing fiber signal

description: The cerebellum allows us to rapidly adjust motor behavior to the needs of
 the situation. It is commonly assumed that cerebellum-based motor learning
 is guided by the difference between the desired and the actual behavior,
 i.e., by error information. Not only immediate but also future behavior
 will benefit from an error because it induces lasting changes of parallel
 fiber synapses on Purkinje cells (PCs), whose output mediates the
 behavioral adjustments. Olivary climbing fibers, likewise connecting with
 PCs, are thought to transport information on instant errors needed for the
 synaptic modification yet not to contribute to error memory. Here, we
 report work on monkeys tested in a saccadic learning paradigm that
 challenges this concept. We demonstrate not only a clear complex spikes
 (CS) signature of the error at the time of its occurrence but also a
 reverberation of this signature much later, before a new manifestation of
 the behavior, suitable to improve it.
description: Fig1BEye and visual target
 tracesFig1CTrial-By-Trial saccadic
 adaptationFig1DNormalized
 Trial-By-Trial adaptationFig2AComplex Spike activity
 per direction and resulting Mutual Information between Complex Spike
 occurence and saccade directionFig2BDirectional Complex
 Spike preferenceFig2CTiming of maximal Mutual
 InformationFig3AComplex Spike activity
 and Mutual Information between Complex Spike occurence in trial n and
 error condition in trial n-1Fig3BTrial-By-Trial
 adaptationFig3CTiming of maximal Mutual
 Information for Trial-By-Trial adaptationFig4BCorrelation coefficients
 of the size of visual error in trial n-1 on the average CS activity during
 the significant MI interval in the primary error period of trial
 n.Fig4DComplex Spike density
 functions prior to primary saccade onset in trial n for the three
 different error conditions (outward, inward, no error) in trial n-1.
 Separated according to the correlation in Fig4B.S1FigEye
 tracesS2FigTotal and significant
 datasets for each subjectS3FigNegative control of Fig
 1DS4FigNegative Control of Fig
 1D of trial n-2 to trial n.S5FigDirectional MI analysis
 for the exemplary unit presented in Fig 2S6FigAExample for the
 dependency of Mutual Information on the point of
 alignmentS7FigEffect of Trial-By-Trial
 adaptation for directions with significant Mutual Information
 modulationS8FigCorrelation of CS
 activity in trial n and saccade amplitude in trial nS9FigTiming of significant SS
 modulation analogous to Fig 3CS10FigAWell isolated Complex Spike and Simple Spike recording from the Purkinje Cell layer.S10FigBExample of Complex Spike observed in isolation from Simple Spikes, arguably recorded further away from the cell body in the molecular layer.S10FigCExample of a less well isolated Purkinje cell.S10FigDExample of the number of spikelets per Complex Spike unit as function of its duration.S11FigAMean Complex Spike duration for the short (2 ms to 7 ms), the medium (3 ms to 8 ms) and the long (3 ms to 12 ms) Complex Spike durations.S11FigBAverage CS duration for the four trial periods distinguishedS11FigCDuration of CS fired during baseline fixation as function of duration of the same CS unit when generated in the presence of a secondary visual error.S11FigDChange of saccade amplitude from trial n-1 to trial n as function of Complex Spike duration in the secondary visual error interval of Fig 1B in trial n-1.S12FigSimple Spike density functions prior to primary saccade onset in trial n for the three different error conditions (outward, inward, no error) in trial n-1. Separated according to the correlation in Fig4B.