cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k765g
title: Data from: Do female Nicrophorus vespilloides reduce direct costs by choosing males that mate less frequently?

description: Sexual conflict occurs when selection to maximize fitness in one sex does
 so at the expense of the other sex. In the burying beetle Nicrophorus
 vespilloides, repeated mating provides assurance of paternity at a direct
 cost to female reproductive productivity. To reduce this cost, females
 could choose males with low repeated mating rates or smaller, servile
 males. We tested this by offering females a dichotomous choice between
 males from lines selected for high or low mating rate. Each female was
 then allocated her preferred or non-preferred male to breed. Females
 showed no preference for males based on whether they came from lines
 selected for high or low mating rates. Pairs containing males from high
 mating rate lines copulated more often than those with low line males but
 there was a negative relationship between female size and number of times
 she mated with a non-preferred male. When females bred with their
 preferred male the number of offspring reared increased with female size
 but there was no such increase when breeding with non-preferred males.
 Females thus benefited from being choosy, but this was not directly
 attributable to avoidance of costly male repeated mating.
description: Data associated with
 female-preference studyThis file contains the
 the lab experimental data associated with the paper: “Do female
 Nicrophorus vespilloides reduce direct costs by choosing males that mate
 less frequently?” A key is included in the file.Female-pref-Mazué-data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.845n3f6
title: Data from: Plant controls on Late Quaternary whole ecosystem structure and function

description: Plants and animals influence biomass production and nutrient cycling in
 terrestrial ecosystems; however their relative importance remains unclear.
 We assessed the extent to which mega-herbivore species controlled plant
 community composition and nutrient cycling, relative to other factors
 during and after the Late Quaternary extinction event in Britain and
 Ireland, when two-thirds of the region’s mega-herbivore species went
 extinct. Warmer temperatures, plant-soil and plant-plant interactions, and
 reduced burning contributed to the expansion of woody plants and declining
 nitrogen availability in our five study ecosystems. Shrub biomass in
 particular was consistently one of the strongest predictors of ecosystem
 change, equaling or exceeding the effects of other biotic and abiotic
 factors. In contrast, there was relatively little evidence for
 mega-herbivore control on plant community composition and nitrogen
 availability. The ability of plants to determine the fate of terrestrial
 ecosystems during periods of global environmental change may therefore be
 greater than previously thought.
description: Jeffers et al Plant
 controls on LQ eco structure and function Model Data
 27Nov17Pollen, Sporormiella and
 charcoal influx, bulk sediment stable nitrogen isotopes and reconstructed
 mean July air temperature data presented in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and
 Supplementary Fig. 8.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r6f71
title: Data from: Tropical shift in decomposers’ relative contribution to leaf litter breakdown in two Guinean streams

description: The hypothesis that leaf litter breakdown in Guinean streams is governed
 by microorganisms was confirmed, supporting the reported latitudinal shift
 in decomposers’ contribution to this process. The large body size of
 dominant macroinvertebrate decomposers (shrimps) only partially
 compensated for their very low densities. In contrast with other tropical
 regions mostly dominated by insect larvae, the functional consequences of
 global warming on these stream ecosystems may be less severe due to the
 lower sensitivity of crustaceans to temperature increase.
description: Data
 set_Tenkiano&ChauvetThis data base contains
 the % litter AFDM remaining, litter C/N together with litter-associated
 fungal sporulation rate and number of macroinvertebrate, for individual
 litter bags characterized by stream, litter species, type of mesh bag,
 block and exposure time.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n7j27
title: Data from: Trophic niche flexibility in Glossophaga soricina: how a nectar seeker sneaks an insect snack

description: Omnivory enables animals to fill more than one trophic niche, providing
 access to a wider variety of food resources with potentially higher
 nutrient value, particularly when resources become scarce. Animals can
 achieve omnivory using different strategies, for example opportunistic
 foraging, or switching between multiple trophic niches. The Neotropical
 bat Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) is a common and widespread species
 known for nectar-feeding, but it also eats fruit and insects. Approaching
 stationary objects (flowers and fruits) or moving objects (insects) pose
 different sensory tasks and should require different echolocation
 behaviours. Here we tested the contrasting hypothesis that G. soricina can
 approach both stationary and moving objects using the same echolocation
 behaviour, thus feeding at different trophic levels by a single sensory
 mechanism. Using DNA barcoding, we demonstrate that G. soricina eats
 beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and noctuid moths with
 bat-detecting ears. Lab observations show that G. soricina actively hunts
 for prey so insect consumption does not appear to be opportunistic. After
 capture, individuals consumed prey while perched and manipulated them with
 jaw, thumb, wrist and wing movements, but food handling was longer and
 chewing rate slower than in obligate insectivores. In contrast to most
 insectivorous bats, the echolocation calls of G. soricina are of high
 frequency and low intensity, and G. soricina did not produce feeding
 buzzes when approaching insects. An acoustic model of detection distances
 shows that its low intensity calls fail to trigger the auditory neurons of
 eared moths, allowing G. soricina to overcome auditory prey defences.
 Individuals achieved niche flexibility using a unique but generalist
 behavioural approach rather than employing two different specialist
 methods. Our findings provide a novel insight into the functional
 mechanisms of insect capture in G. soricina and highlight the importance
 of considering niche flexibility in classifying trophic links in
 ecological communities.
description: Insect DNA
 recoveredMatched Reference
 SquencesRead
 ME
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63s7r
title: Data from: A conservation status survey of hornbills (Bucerotidae) in the Western Ghats, India

description: The Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India is threatened by habitat
 loss and fragmentation, which is likely to impact large-bodied,
 wide-ranging species with specialised requirements such as hornbills. In
 this survey along the Western Ghats, we surveyed for four hornbill species
 that occur here: Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus, and Indian
 Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris (endemic to South Asia), Malabar Grey
 Hornbill Ocyceros griseus (endemic to the Western Ghats), and the Great
 Hornbill Buceros bicornis. We visited 45 localities across five states:
 Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. These included 26
 wildlife sanctuaries, 5 national parks, 13 reserved forests, and one
 plantation landscape. Across sites, we walked 80 transect surveys
 totalling a length of 286.4 km. In all, 631 individual hornbills (412
 detections) were recorded across 35 localities. The Malabar Grey Hornbill
 was most frequently detected, and widely-distributed, followed by the
 Great, and Malabar Pied hornbills. The Indian Grey Hornbill, more
 widespread across India, was seen in only two locations in this survey.
 Hornbill encounter was up to five times higher in moist, and wet forests
 as compared to dry forest types. Based on hornbill distribution and
 protected areas, five important hornbill conservation landscapes were
 identified in the Western Ghats (Amboli–Goa–Dandeli,
 Anamalai–Parambikulam–Vazhachal, Nilgiris– Wayanad,
 Someshwara–Sharavati–Mookambika, Neyyar–Peppara–KMTR, and Periyar) along
 with key reserved forests (Kottiyoor, New Amarambalam, Vazhachal,
 Nelliampathy, Goodarickal, Kulathupuzha–Palode). Hornbill densities were
 estimated in two of the above landscapes, and are provided as a baseline.
 We highlight some key considerations for hornbill research and
 conservation, and future needs.
description: Bird and mammal survey
 data from the Western Ghats, IndiaSee ReadMe.txt file (and
 hbs_metadescription.txt file in Zipped data archive
 file)WG_birdsurveydata.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h2h253r
title: Data from: Out of Africa: the slow train to Australasia

description: We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to test biogeographic
 hypotheses for Patiriella exigua (Asterinidae), one of the world's
 most widespread coastal sea stars. This small intertidal species has an
 entirely benthic life history and yet occurs in southern temperate waters
 of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Despite its abundance around
 southern Africa, southeastern Australia, and several oceanic islands, P.
 exigua is absent from the shores of Western Australia, New Zealand, and
 South America. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences (cytochrome
 oxidase I, control region) indicates that South Africa houses an
 assemblage of P. exigua that is not monophyletic (P = 0.04), whereas
 Australian and Lord Howe Island specimens form an interior monophyletic
 group. The placement of the root in Africa and small genetic divergences
 between eastern African and Australian haplotypes strongly suggest
 Pleistocene dispersal eastward across the Indian Ocean. Dispersal was
 probably achieved by rafting on wood or macroalgae, which was facilitated
 by the West Wind Drift. Genetic data also support Pleistocene colonization
 of oceanic islands (Lord Howe Island, Amsterdam Island, St. Helena).
 Although many biogeographers have speculated about the role of
 long-distance rafting, this study is one of the first to provide
 convincing evidence. The marked phylogeographic structure evident across
 small geographic scales in Australia and South Africa indicates that gene
 flow among populations may be generally insufficient to prevent the local
 evolution of monophyly. We suggest that P. exigua may rely on passive
 mechanisms of dispersal.
description: Data
 setWaters_Roy_SB2003-17.nexTreeBASE Study 1065
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h73b0
title: Data from: Temperature effects on long-term population dynamics in a parasitoid-host system

description: Long-term environmental changes will likely alter the strengths of
 interactions between species and consequently their population dynamics,
 leading to changes in the stability of ecological systems. While an
 increasing number of empirical studies have shown that environmental
 changes can alter the strengths of species interactions, these studies are
 typically short (&lt;1–2 generations) and therefore give only partial
 information about longer term population dynamics. To focus on longer term
 dynamics, we investigated population cycles of pea aphids and their most
 common parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, in Wisconsin, USA. Data collected over
 three years in alfalfa fields showed an apparent host–parasitoid
 population cycle. Furthermore, higher pea aphid population growth rates
 and increased parasitism were correlated with higher naturally occurring
 temperatures. While these effects were observed with seasonal fluctuations
 in temperature, they beg the question of how long-term changes in mean
 annual temperature might change aphid–parasitoid population cycles, a
 question which we further pursued with laboratory experiments. To quantify
 temperature-dependent demographic parameters, we used short-term
 (&lt;1 generation) experiments conducted at 20°C and 27°C. The higher
 temperature increased aphid and parasitoid development rates, adult aphid
 life span and fecundity, and parasitoid attack rates. We then conducted
 multi-generation population-level laboratory experiments to reveal the
 effects of temperature (20°C vs. 27°C) on population dynamics. We fit the
 resulting time series data using a nonlinear age-structured state-space
 model to estimate population-level processes that could not be estimated
 in short-term laboratory experiments. Using the model, we parsed out the
 demographic rates that had the largest impacts on aphid–parasitoid
 population cycles. This analysis showed that there were frequent contrasts
 in the effects of temperature operating through different demographic
 rates. For example, the temperature-dependent increase in aphid
 development rate decreased cycle amplitude, while the increase in
 parasitoid attack rate increased cycle amplitude. There were also striking
 interactions among demographic rates. For example, the
 temperature-dependent increase in aphid development rate could either
 increase or decrease the cycle period depending on the values of other
 demographic rates. Although these complexities make predictions difficult,
 overall they suggest that increasing long-term mean temperature will
 decrease the period, increase the amplitude, and tend to destabilize pea
 aphid–A. ervi dynamics.
description: Meisner Field
 DataField data of pea aphids
 and A. ervi at the Arlington Agricultural Field Station, WI,
 1995-1997MeisnerFieldData.csvMeisner Longterm Cage DataLong-term population dynamics of pea aphids and A. ervi in laboratory cages at 20C and 27CMeisnerLongtermCageData.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n4m62
title: Data from: Losing reduces maximum bite performance in house cricket contests

description: Whole-organism performance capacities influence male combat outcomes in
 many animal species. However, several species also exhibit winner and
 loser effects, and current theory predicts that losers are more likely to
 lose again due to a decrease in aggression following defeat, not because
 of any change in underlying maximum performance capacity. To test the
 effect of fight experience on performance, we measured the maximum bite
 force of male Acheta domesticus crickets that were pitted against
 size-matched opponents in staged fights. Winners then fought a second
 contest against other winners while losers fought other losers, after
 which we measured the change in bite force in all contest crickets and in
 a control group that did not take part in any contests. Bite force
 predicted fight outcomes in the first round, and losing the first fight
 had a significant effect on bite force, leading to a 20% decrease in
 relative bite force compared to crickets that won both rounds. However,
 winning did not increase performance as there was no difference between
 those that won the first round and those that never experienced a loss,
 nor did winning a second bout alleviate the negative effects on realized
 bite performance of losing an initial bout. Past defeats can therefore
 alter the realized short-term maximal performance of traits that
 contribute to contest outcomes independent of maximum performance limits
 set by morphology.
description: A domesticus bite
 forceThese data describe the
 effects of two rounds of combat and their outcomes on bite forces of A.
 domesticus males, as well as a control group that did not experience
 combat.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c0375
title: Data from: Associations between polypharmacy and treatment intensity for hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional study of nursing home patients in British Columbia, Canada

description: Objectives: Describe nursing home polypharmacy prevalence in the context
 of prescribing for diabetes and hypertension and determine possible
 associations between lower surrogate markers for treated hypertension and
 diabetes (over treatment) and polypharmacy. Design: Cross sectional study.
 Setting: 6 nursing homes in British Columbia, Canada. Participants: 214
 patients, residing in one of selected facilities during data collection
 period. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Polypharmacy was defined
 as &gt;=9 regular medications. Over treatment of diabetes was defined
 as being prescribed at least one hypoglycemic medication and a
 glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) &lt;=7.5%. Over treatment of
 hypertension required being prescribed at least one hypertension
 medication and having a systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;=128 mmHg.
 Polypharmacy prescribing, independent of over treatment, was calculated by
 subtracting disease specific medications from total medications
 prescribed. Results: Data gathering was completed for 214 patients, 104
 (48%) of whom were prescribed &gt;=9 medications. All patients were
 very frail. Patients with polypharmacy were more likely to have a
 diagnosis of hypertension (p=.04) or congestive heart failure (p=.003) and
 less likely to have a diagnosis of dementia (p=.03). Patients with over
 treated hypertension were more likely to also experience polypharmacy (RR
 1.77 (1.07-2.96), p=.027). Patients with over treated diabetes were
 prescribed more non-diabetic medications than those with a higher A1c
 (11.0 ±3.7 versus 7.2 ±3.1, p=.01). Conclusion: Over treated diabetes and
 hypertension may be quite prevalent in nursing home patients and the
 presence of polypharmacy is associated with more aggressive disease
 treatment. Further study of interventions designed to reduce over
 treatment of hypertension and diabetes is needed to fully understand the
 potential links between polypharmacy and potential of harms of
 disease-specific over treatment.
description: 2017_6_30
 bmjopen-2017-017430.R1 DATASET for DRYADpatient and medication
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b40hm
title: Data from: Is there a causal link between knee loading and knee osteoarthritis progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomised trials

description: Objective: We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and assessed
 the evidence supporting a causal link between knee joint loading during
 walking and structural knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Design:
 Systematic review, meta-analysis and application of Bradford Hill's
 considerations on causation. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus,
 AMED, CINAHL and SportsDiscus for prospective cohort studies and
 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from 1950 through October 2013. Study
 eligibility criteria: We selected cohort studies and RCTs in which
 estimates of knee joint loading during walking were used to predict
 structural knee OA progression assessed by X-ray or MRI. Data analyses:
 Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the combined OR for structural
 disease progression with higher baseline loading. The likelihood of a
 causal link between knee joint loading and OA progression was assessed
 from cohort studies using the Bradford Hill guidelines to derive a 0–4
 causation score based on four criteria and examined for confirmation in
 RCTs. Results: Of the 1078 potentially eligible articles, 5 prospective
 cohort studies were included. The studies included a total of 452 patients
 relating joint loading to disease progression over 12–72 months. There
 were very serious limitations associated with the methodological quality
 of the included studies. The combined OR for disease progression was 1.90
 (95% CI 0.85 to 4.25; I2=77%) for each one-unit increment in baseline knee
 loading. The combined causation score was 0, indicating no causal
 association between knee loading and knee OA progression. No RCTs were
 found to confirm or refute the findings from the cohort studies.
 Conclusions: There is very limited and low-quality evidence to support for
 a causal link between knee joint loading during walking and structural
 progression of knee OA
description: Study
 dataThese are the individual
 study characteristics, paticipant descriptors, estimates (OR), and risk of
 bias scores.Results
 final.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bb41870
title: Data from: A mimicked bacterial infection prolongs stopover duration in songbirds – but more pronounced in short- than long-distance migrants

description: 1) Migration usually consists of intermittent travel and stopovers, the
 latter being crucially important for individuals to recover and refuel to
 successfully complete migration. Quantifying how sickness behaviours
 influence stopovers is crucial for our understanding of migration ecology
 and how diseases spread. However, little is known about infections in
 songbirds, which constitute the majority of avian migrants. 2) We
 experimentally immune-challenged autumn migrating passerines (both short-
 and long-distance migrating species) with a simulated bacterial infection.
 Using an automated radio-telemetry system in the stopover area, we
 subsequently quantified stopover duration, ‘bush-level’ activity patterns
 (0.1-30m) and landscape movements (30-6000m). 3) We show that compared to
 controls, immune-challenged birds prolonged their stopover duration by on
 average 1.2 days in long-distance and 2.9 days in short-distance migrants,
 respectively (100 – 126 % longer than controls, respectively). During the
 prolonged stopover, the immune-challenged birds kept a high ‘bush-level’
 activity (which was unexpected) but reduced their local movements,
 independent of migration strategy. Baseline immune function, but not blood
 parasite infections prior to the immune challenge, had a prolonging effect
 on stopover duration, particularly in long-distance migrants. 4) We
 conclude that a mimicked bacterial infection does not cause lethargy, per
 se, but restricts landscape movements and prolongs stopover duration, and
 that this behavioural response also depends on the status of baseline
 immunity and migration strategy. This adds a new level to the
 understanding of how acute inflammation affect migration behaviour and
 hence the ecology and evolution of migration. Accounting for these effects
 of bacterial infections will also enable us to fine-tune and apply optimal
 migration theory. Finally it will help us predicting how migrating animals
 may respond to increased pathogen pressure by global change.
description: Data experimental immune
 challenge migrants_Hegemann et alThis excel file contains
 all data used in the statistical analyses as presented in the paper
 "A mimicked bacterial infection prolongs stopover duration in
 songbirds – but more pronounced in short- than long-distance
 migrants" by Arne Hegemann et al. (J Animal
 Ecology).Falsterbo data_paper
 I_for_Dryad.xlsx