DOI: 10.34808/3rxz-fy33
title: SYNAT Music Genre Parameters PCA 19

description: The dataset contains feature vector after  Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performing, so there are 11 music genres and 19-element vector derived from music excerpts. Originally, a feature vector containing 173 elements was conceived in earlier research studies carried out by the team of authors [1-6]. A collection of 52532 music excerpts described with a set of descriptors obtained through the analysis of 30-second mp3 recordings was gathered in a database called SYNAT. The SYNAT database was realized by the Gdansk University of Technology (GUT) [1],[2]. For the recordings included in the database, the analysis band is limited to 8 kHz due to the music excerpts format, this means that the frequency band used for the parameterization is in the range from 63 to 8000 Hz. The prepared feature vector is used to describe parametrically each signal frame. The original database stores 173‑feature vectors, which in majority are the MPEG-7 standard parameters [7], however we used also the so-called 'dedicated' features, described in several publications. The 173-feature dataset is also available in Most Wiedzy.
173-element vector generates a very large amount of information describing a given track. As a consequence, this leads to an extensive amount of data undergoing classification. Therefore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the data redundancy as it transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of variables called principal components. The new components are linear combination of parameters that carry most information about the test set, thus they are no longer refer to descriptors contained in the original feature vector.  The PCA method can shorten the feature vector of 173 elements to 19 components, which significantly reduces the computation time. Furthermore, the use of the described analysis can increase classification efficiency, as shown in an earlier paper [9].
The original 173-element vector has additionally been supplemented with 20 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), 20 MFCC variances and 24 time-related ‘dedicated’ parameters. The vector includes parameters associated with the MPEG-7 standard, mel-cepstral (MFCC) parameters and is enlarged by the so-called dedicated parameters which refer to temporal characteristic of the analyzed music excerpt, their names are included in Table 1. The list of parameters and their definitions were shown in the earlier study [2],[5], however, it is worth noting that the proposed FV was used in the ISMIS 2011 contest in which there were over 120 participants [4]. The best contest result returned almost 88% of accuracy [4], and later in the authors’ own study gained even better effectiveness [8].
Table 1 The list of parameters within the SYNAT original music database [2][10][11].

No.


Parameter


1


Temporal Centroid


2


Spectral Centroid


3


Spectral Centroid variance


4-32


Audio Spectrum Envelope for particular bands


33


ASE average for all bands


34-62


ASE variance values for particular bands


63


averaged ASE variance


64


average Audio Spectrum Centroid


65


variance of Audio Spectrum Centroid


66


average Audio Spectrum Spread


67


variance Audio Spectrum Spread


68-87


Spectral Flatness Measure for particular bands


88


SFM average value


89-108


Spectral Flatness Measure variance for particular bands


109


averaged SFM variance


110-129


Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for particular bands


130-149


MFCC variance for particular bands


150


number of samples exceeding RMS


151


number of samples exceeding 2×RMS


152


number of samples exceeding 3×RMS


153


mean value of samples exceeding RMS, averaged for 10 frames


154


variance value of samples exceeding RMS, averaged for 10 frames


155


mean value of samples exceeding 2×RMS, averaged for 10 frames


156


variance value of samples exceeding 2×RMS, averaged for 10 frames


157


mean value of samples exceeding 3×RMS, averaged for 10 frames


158


variance value of samples exceeding 3×RMS, averaged for 10 frames


159


peak to RMS ratio


160


mean value of the peak to RMS ratio calculated in 10 subframes


161


variance of the peak to RMS ratio calculated in 10 subframes


162


Zero Crossing Rate


163


 RMS Threshold Crossing Rate


164


2×RMS Threshold Crossing Rate


165


3×RMS Threshold Crossing Rate


166


Zero Crossing Rate averaged for 10 frames


167


Zero Crossing Rate variance for 10 frames


168


 RMS Threshold Crossing Rate averaged for 10 frames


169


RMS Threshold Crossing Rate variance for 10 frames


170


2×RMS Threshold Crossing Rate averaged for 10 frames


171


2×RMS Threshold Crossing Rate variance for 10 frames


172


3×RMS Threshold Crossing Rate averaged for 10 frames


173


3×RMS Threshold Crossing Rate variance for 10 frames

[1] Kostek B., Music Information Retrieval in Music Repositories, Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems (A. Skowron, Z. Suraj, eds.), 464-489, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heildelberg 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30344-9_17
[2] Kostek B., Hoffmann P., Kaczmarek A., Spaleniak P., Creating a Reliable Music Discovery and Recommendation System, Springer Verlag, 107-130, XIII, 2013. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04714-0_7
[3] Kostek B., Hoffmann P., Music Data Processing and Mining in Large Databases for Active Media, The 2014 16International Conference on Active Media Technology, Warsaw, 2014.
[4] Kostek B., Kupryjanow A., Zwan P, Jiang W., Ras Z., Wojnarski M., Swietlicka J., Report of the ISMIS 2011 Contest: Music Information Retrieval, Foundations of Intelligent Systems, ISMIS 2011, Springer Verlag, 715–724, Berlin, Heidelberg 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21916-0_75
[5] Rosner A., Schuller B., Kostek B., Classification of Music Genres Based on Music Separation into Harmonic and Drum Components. Archives of Acoustics, 629-638, 2014, DOI: 10.2478/aoa-2014-0068.
[6] Kostek B., Kaczmarek A.,  Music Recommendation Based on Multidimensional Description and Similarity Measures, Fundamenta Informaticae, 127(1-4), 325-340, 2013. DOI: 10.3233/FI-2013-912.
[7] MPEG 7 standard, http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-7
[8] Hoffmann P., Kostek B., Kaczmarek A., Spaleniak P., Music Recommendation System, Journal of Telecommunication and Information Technology, 59-69, Warsaw 2013.
[9] Hoffmann P., Kostek B., Bass Enhancement Settings in Portable Devices Based on Music Genre Recognition, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 63, No. 12, 980-989, December 2015, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2015.0087
[10] Rosner A., Kostek B. Automatic music genre classification based on musical instrument track separation. J Intell Inf Syst 50, 363–384 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-017-0464-5
[11] Plewa M., Kostek B., Music Mood Visualization Using Self-Organizing Maps; Archives of Acoustics, No. 4, vol. 40, pp. 513 - 525, 2015, DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0051.