DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz1q
title: Data from: The loss of self-incompatibility in a range expansion

description: It is commonly observed that plant species’ range margins are enriched for
 increased selfing rates and, in otherwise self-incompatible
 species, for self-compatibility (SC). This has often
 been attributed to a response to selection under mate and/or
 pollinator limitation. However, range expansion can also cause
 reduced inbreeding depression, and this could facilitate the evolution
 of selfing in the absence of mate or pollinator limitation. Here,
 we explore this idea using spatially explicit individual-based
 simulations of a range expansion, in which inbreeding
 depression, variation in self-incompatibility (SI), and mate
 availability evolve. Under a wide range of conditions, the
 simulated range expansion brought about the evolution of selfing after the
 loss of SI  in range-marginal populations. Under conditions of
 high recombination between the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) and
 viability loci, SC remained marginal in the expanded 
 metapopulation and could not invade the range core, which remained
 self-incompatible. In contrast, under low recombination and
 migration rates, SC was frequently able to displace SI in the
 range core by maintaining its association with a genomic
 background with purged genetic load. We conclude that the
 evolution of inbreeding depression during a range expansion promotes
 the evolution of SC at range margins, especially under high rates
 of recombination.
description: <strong>README </strong> Computer
 simulation model used in paper titled: “<em>Loss of
 self-incompatibility in a range expansion</em>” published in
 <em>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</em>.
 Code written by Francisco Encinas-Viso. This
 C++ code was compiled using GNU C++ compiler and it requires the GNU
 Scientific Library (GSL) and Boost C++ libraries.
   Example of code line to run model:
 <strong>./range_expansion</strong>
 <em>file_1</em> <em>file_2 file_3 file_4
 file_5</em>
 <em>migration</em>  <em>selection_coef_mean</em>
 <em>dominance_coef</em>
 <em>mut_rate_viability_loci</em>
 <em>mutrate_neutral_loci</em> <em>phi</em>
 <em>recombination</em>  
 INPUT arguments: Several parameter values
 need to hard-coded before compiling (default values shown):
 Number of individuals per deme (carrying capacity
 (<strong><em>k</em></strong>)): sub pop =
 100; Number of simulations: RUNS 100
 Number of generations before the expansion starts: GENS
 2201 Number of generations after the expansion starts:
 EXPANSION 2001 Number of intervals to save statistics
 of one simulation -  statistics for every  X generations (intervals) - to
 show the dynamics (File_1) : INTERS 122 Number of
 intervals to save statistics of one simulation -  statistics for every  X
 generations (intervals) - to show statistics per deme (File_2): INTERVALS
 5 Number of statistics recorded in File_1: STATS
 18 Number of statistics recorded per deme in File_2:
 STATSD 14 Number of statistics about self-compatibility
 frequency recorded per deme during expansion in File_3: STATSC 5
 Number of dimensions of the x-axis in the lattice: DIMX
 10 Number of dimensions of the y-axis in the lattice:
 DIMY 100   The model requires the
 following arguments and parameter values to run:
 Filename summary (average) values across all simulations -
 between-year dynamics file_1 Filename overall
 between-year dynamics per simulation file_2_sim
 Filename between-year dynamics per deme and simulation
 file_3_sim Filename between-year dynamics per deme and
 simulation showing self-compatibility frequency stats file_4_sim
 Filename selection coefficient distributions per simulation
 file_5_sim migration: 0.01 [0,1]
 mean selection coefficient: 0.05 dominance
 coefficient: 0.2 [0,1] mutation rate per locus -
 viability loci: 0.0005 mutation rate per locus -
 neutral loci: 0.0001 outcrossing probability (phi): 1.0
 [0,1] recombination: 5 (i.e. 0.01 per locus)
   Output files (specific
 variables/statistics recorded are shown in the article):
 File_1 summary (average) values across all
 simulations - between-year dynamics file_1 File_2
 overall between-year dynamics per simulation file_2_sim (# files =
 sims) File_3 between-year dynamics per deme and
 simulation file_3_sim (# files = sims)
 File_4 between-year dynamics per deme and simulation showing
 self-compatibility frequency stats file_4_sim (# files = sims)
 File_5 selection coefficient distribution per simulation
 file_5_sim (# files = sims)