cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6075/j0833rr2
title: CIL: 53898. In Cell Image Library

description: Visualization methods: confocal microscopy
description: OTHER family: The human kinome comprises 538 kinases playing essential cellular functions by catalyzing protein phosphorylations. Systematic annotation of subcellular spatial distribution of the kinome greatly facilitates investigation of normal and disease mechanisms. Here, we present Kinome Atlas (KA), an image-based map of the kinome annotated to 10 compartments of the cell. 456 epitope-tagged kinases, representing 85% of the human kinome, were expressed in HeLa cells and imaged by immunofluorescent microscopy under a unified condition. KA revealed kinase family-enriched subcellular localizations, and discovered a collection of new kinase localizations at mitochondria, plasma membrane, extracellular space, and other unique structures. This resource provides the first snapshot of the kinome under a unified condition, and is a key step toward comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the kinome in physiological and disease states.
description: Kinome Atlas documented representative images for 456 kinases expressed in HeLa cells, and visualized by immunofluorescence staining of the epitope tag. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Two representative views from confocal microscopy were collected for each kinase. Also, organelle markers were co-stained for some kinases to indicate specific localization.
DOI: 10.6075/j0057g12
title: CIL:39942, Rattus norvegicus, astrocyte, astrocyte of the hippocampus. In Cell Image Library

description: Intracellular dye injections of protoplasmic astrocytes from the CA1 region of hippocampus of a 4 week old rat reveals highly ramified spongiform processes. Astrocytes were filled with Lucifer Yellow. Optical sections were generated with a single photon confocal microscope, and compiled here as a single maximum projection image. This image has been downsampled from the raw data image which can be accessed using the link provided to the Cell Centered Database.
description: Male Sprague Dawley rats, 4 weeks of age, were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with with Ringer's solution (37°C), followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS (37°C, pH 7.4). Tissue was sectioned (100 µm thick) using a vibratome, and injected with a BX50WI microscope (Olympus, Melville, NY) and, using infrared differential interference contrast videomicroscopy, cells with a small diameter soma (approx. 7–11µm) in the stratum radiatum of CA1 were located and impaled with glass micropipettes filled with 5% aq. Lucifer Yellow. The astrocytes were filled using 0.5 Hz pulses of current until all of the processes were brightly fluorescent. After several astrocytes were filled, a slice was placed in the 4% PFA overnight at 4°C. Slices were then imaged after coverslipping in Gelvatol. Confocal images were acquired with a BioRad Radiance2000 (Hercules, CA) attached to a Nikon E600FN (Kanagawa, Japan) microscope equipped with a Nikon (Tokyo, Japan) 60x oil objective (NA 1.4). Additional details are provided in Bushong EA, Martone ME, Ellisman MH. Maturation of astrocyte morphology and the establishment of astrocyte domains during postnatal hippocampal development. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2004 Apr;22(2):73-86.
description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue
Relation to intact cell: vibratome-sectioned tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: confocal microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: intracellular filling
Visualization methods: lucifer yellow
Data qualification: Processed;spatialmeasurements
DOI: 10.6075/j0639pm3
title: CIL: 54680, Drosophila melanogaster, astrocytes (red). In Cell Image Library

description: Confocal image of the CNS of a D. melanogaster in the third instar larval stage after αSNAP KD, 26uM from the ventral surface, depicting astrocytes (red), cortex glia (green) and neuronal nuclei (blue). Our study examined the breakdown of the spatial segregation between cortex glia and astrocytes after disruption of cortex glial morphology. After knockdown of αSNAP, a protein part of the vesicual transport pathway, we observed aberrant infiltration by astrocytes into the cortex.
description: Astrocyte-specific RFP expression was achieved using driven using the Gal4-UAS binary system and the driver alrm. Cortex-glia specific GFP was achieved using the lexA-lexAop binary system and the cortex-glia specific driver wrapper932i-LexA (Coutinho-Budd et al., 2017). The larval CNS was dissected in the third instar larval stage, fixed with methanol, stained for RFP, GFP and Elav (neuronal nuclei marker), and mounted in VectaShield reagent. Slides were imaged on an Innovative Imaging Innovations (3i) spinning disk confocal microscope equipped with a Yokogawa CSX-W1 using a 63X oil objective.

Staining: Astrocytes (red); Cortex glia (green); Neurons (blue)
description: Imaging mode: fluorescence microscopy
Visualization methods: Spinning Disk Confocal Imaging
DOI: 10.6075/j05q4w7n
title: CIL:40107, Rattus norvegicus, astrocyte, astrocyte of the hippocampus. In Cell Image Library

description: Projection through merged optical section series of a filled astrocyte (green) in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of a 1 month-old rat, stained for NCAM (red), showing the relationship between astrocyte processes and laminar boundaries revealed by NCAM staining. Optical sections were generated with a single photon confocal microscope. Original data contributed to Bushong EA, Martone ME, Ellisman MH. Examination of the relationship between astrocyte morphology and laminar boundaries in the molecular layer of adult dentate gyrus. J Comp Neurol. 2003 Jul 21;462(2):241-51. PMID: 12794746. This image has been downsampled from the raw data image which can be accessed using the link provided to the Cell Centered Database.
description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue
Relation to intact cell: vibratome-sectioned tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: confocal microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: intracellular filling; distribution of epitope
Visualization methods: Alexa Fluor 568; primary antibody plus labeled secondary antibody; Alexa Fluor 488
Data qualification: Processed
description: Intracellular injection of astrocytes in lightly fixed tissue slices was performed as previously described, with some modifications (Buhl et al., [1990], PMID: 2262598). The brain was placed in ice-cold PBS and cut into coronal slices with a vibratome at a thickness of 100 µm, and stored in PBS at 4°C until used. The slices were placed under a 60x water objective (NA 1.4) and observed with an Olympus BX50WI microscope using infrared-DIC optics (Olympus, Melville, NY). Astrocytes in the upper blade of the dentate gyrus were identified by the shape and size of their somata. Glass micropipettes (OD 1.00 mm, ID 0.58 mm; resistances 100-400 M) were pulled on a vertical puller (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA) and backfilled with Alexa 568. Astrocytes were impaled and iontophoretically injected with dye using 1-second pulses of negative current (0.5 Hz) for 1-2 minutes. After several cells were filled, the slices were placed in ice-cold 4% PFA for at least 1 hour. The slices were then ready to be immunolabeled. The rat anti-N-CAM monoclonal antibody (isoclone 12F11) was obtained from BD PharMingen (San Diego, CA), and detected using Alexa 488. Slices were coverslipped using Gelvatol (Harlow and Lane, [1988]) and allowed to set overnight at room temperature before they were examined.
Image acquisition and analysis: Specimens were examined using a Radiance2000 laser scanning confocal system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) attached to a Nikon E600FN microscope (Kanagawa, Japan). A 60x oil immersion (NA 1.4) objective was used to image LY-filled astrocytes.
DOI: 10.6075/j0m044p5
title: CIL:1170, Caenorhabditis elegans, muscle cell. In Cell Image Library

description: C. elegans muscle age is a data set of fluorescence 20X microscopy images of C. elegans nematodes stained with phalloidin to visualize actin in muscles at different ages (1,2,4, and 8). Note that the data sets for each age can be found by searching for a featured image from each set: CIL 1005, 1057, 1105, and 1265, respectively.
description: Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: fluorescence microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of epitope
Visualization methods: phalloidin
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
description: The purpose of the dataset C. elegans muscle aging is to deduce the age of the nemathode based on images of muscles. Images of C. elegans were taken at different chronological ages. This image is part of the day 4 data set. Note that the morphological and chronological ages are not fully correlated due to the variability among individuals even though the individuals are genetically identical. The source for the dataset is Laboratory of Genetics/NIA/NIH.
DOI: 10.6075/j0hm5794
title: CIL:39084, Lactuca sativa, leaf epidermis. In Cell Image Library

description: Colorized scanning electron micrograph of an open stoma on the surface of a leaf of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). A stoma is a small pore found on the underside of plant leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange.
description: B0007377 Lettuce leaf stomata. Wellcome Images available under the following creative commons usage http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/uk/
description: Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Parameter imaged: elastic scattering of electrons
Source of contrast: differences in deposition of metal shadow
Visualization methods: visualization of contiguous regions
Processing history: colorized
DOI: 10.6075/j07s7mrh
title: CIL:27219, Homo sapiens, blood cell, red blood cell. In Cell Image Library

description: This image set consists of five differential interference contrast (DIC) images of red bood cells (approximately 8 microns in diameter). Each image in the set contains a DIC image and a thresholded image. There are two options when using this data set to quantify an algorithm's effectiveness. The simplest method is simply to compute the percentage of pixels that your algorithm and the thresholded image have in common. However, a wide class of algorithms for handling DIC images do not explicity segment the image, but rather transform the image so that it can later be thresholded. These images were obtained from http://www.broadinstitute.org/bbbc/human_rbc_dic.html

DIC images attributed to Skerker, Rush, and Wiegand; the thresholded images attributed to Morgan.
description: Preparation: dispersed cells
Relation to intact cell: whole mounted cells
Item type: recorded image; threshold image
Imaging mode: differential interference contrast microscopy
Parameter imaged: optical path length gradient
Source of contrast: differences in intrinsic optical density
Visualization methods: visualization of contiguous regions
Processing history: threshold
DOI: 10.6075/j0dv1j0s
title: CIL:8469, Rattus, multipolar neuron. In Cell Image Library

description: Preparation: formaldehyde fixed tissue; detergent permeabilized
Relation to intact cell: dispersed cells in vitro
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: fluorescence microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of epitope
Visualization methods: primary antibody plus labeled secondary antibody
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements
description: Development of axon and dendritic arbors in cultured hippocampal neurons after 2 days in vitro. At this timepoint, many, but not all cells are polarized, evidenced by the absence of a long, slender axon. MAP2 staining (red) is becoming segregated to the dendrites, while microtubule staining (green) reveals both the axons and dendrites in the field of view. Nonneuronal cells (e.g. glia) are infrequent, but may also be present in this preparation. 

Detailed methods: Embryonic rat hippocampal neurons were prepared as previously described (see Kaech and Banker, 2006, Nat Protoc). Cells were prepared for fluorescent staining as previously described (Withers and Banker, 1998, in Culturing Nerve Cells, MIT Press). Briefly, cells were fixed (4% formaldehyde, 4% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4), permeabilized with 0.25% Triton and immunostained for tubulin (monoclonal DM1A, from Sigma with Alexa 488 conjugated secondary, excitation, 494, emission, 519 [Invitrogen, Molecular Probes]) and MAP2 (polyclonal Ab266, from S. Halpain with d549 conjugated secondary, excitation, 555, emission, 568, Jackson Immunoresearch). Images were acquired with a Leica DMRA microscope with a 40X (HCX PL APO, NA 1.25) lens, Photometrics CoolSnap ES CCD camera and MetaMorph software. This merged image was generated with the MetaMorph color combine function.
DOI: 10.6075/j02807fj
title: CIL:36983, Xenopus laevis, CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata). In Cell Image Library

description: This is IMAGE #2 (day 2) of a time lapse series contained with in this image group. It is a pair of developing neurons from the optic tectum of an albino Xenopus laevis tadpole CNS, stage 47. Visible also is a section of a dendritic arbor of a neighboring cells cropped from the image.
 
 The images were acquired daily over 3 days and show dendritic arbor development and morphological plasticity of the dendritic arbor with branch additions and retractions.
 
 The cell was transfected with in vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA encoding eYFP ~24 hours before the first image was acquired. The intact, living tadpole was anesthetized, positioned under a glass coverslip and this image was taken directly through its transparent skin using a custom built two-photon microscope.
description: Preparation: living tissue
Relation to intact cell: whole mounted tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: multi-photon microscopy
Parameter imaged: fluorescence emission
Source of contrast: distribution of a specific protein
Visualization methods: EYFP
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements;intensitiesquantitation
description: Specifications of the custom built two-photon microscope, including the laser sources, signal amplification, PMT specifications, and YFP filter sets are described in: 
Ruthazer ES, Li J, Cline HT. 2006. Stabilization of axon branch dynamics by synaptic maturation. J Neurosci 26(13):3594-3603. 

The methods of cell transfection with electroporation can be found here: 
Bestman JE, Ewald RC, Chiu S-L, Cline HT. 2006. In vivo single-cell electroporation for transfer of DNA and macromolecules. Nat Protocols 1(3):1267-1272. 

Further explanation can be found here:
Bestman JE, Cline HT. 2008. The RNA binding protein CPEB regulates dendrite morphogenesis and neuronal circuit assembly in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(51):20494-20499.

Bestman JE, Cline HT. 2009. The Relationship between Dendritic Branch Dynamics and CPEB-Labeled RNP Granules Captured in Vivo. Front Neural Circuits 3:10.
DOI: 10.6075/j0639npk
title: CIL:35132, Mus musculus, macrophage. In Cell Image Library

description: Phase contrast microscopy of living bone marrow derived macrophages. These cells are highly motile and the snapshot catches lamella and ruffles where the cells are protruding and phase dense organelles inside the volumes of the cells.
description: Preparation: living tissue
Relation to intact cell: dispersed cells in vitro
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: phase contrast microscopy
Parameter imaged: elastic scattering of photons
Source of contrast: differences in amount of elastic light scattering
Visualization methods: visualization of contiguous regions
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements
description: Cells were extracted from a mouse femur and plated in a coverslip bottom well (MatTek) in standard culture media. The Olympus IX 71 microscope had a simple heated stage. Cells were imaged with a 60X N.A. 1.4 phase 3 planapo objective with a Cooke Sensicam QE operated by IP Lab software running on a Dell Windows XP computer.

This picture is one of a series that may be composed into a montage to see a large field of cells interacting while preserving the high magnification. Some of the pixels in this and the neighboring images are saturated.
DOI: 10.6075/j08p5zmc
title: CIL:12914, Rattus rattus, glandular epithelial cell, milk secreting cell, mammary alveolar cell. In Cell Image Library

description: Tissue was processed for immunoelectron microscopy using a modified Tokuyasu method. Briefly, minced tissue was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde containing 5% sucrose and 100 mM HEPES and infiltrated with PBS containing 2.1 M sucrose over 10 h, with repeated solution changes. Fixed tissue was transferred to an aluminum cryosectioning stub (Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA) and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Semithin (90 nm) cryosections were cut at -110C with an UltraCut UCT/FCS cryomicrotome (Leica), using a diamond knife (Diatome) and transferred to a Formvar-coated, carbon-coated, glow-discharged 100-mesh copper-rhodium electron microscopy grid. Following blocking of nonspecific antibody binding sites with 10% calf serum in PBS, the sections were labeled by sequential incubation with antibodies to adipophilin (guinea pig anti-adipophilin) and TGN38 (mouse monoclonal 2F7) and colloidal gold-conjugated secondary antibodies (15 nm anti-mouse, 10 nm anti-guinea pig; Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) and then negatively stained and embedded with 1% uranyl acetate, 1% methylcellulose in distilled water. Samples were viewed in a Philips CM10 electron microscope, and images were collected digitally. Magnification 15,500 X. See Ladinsky and Howell (2007) for more information on methods used.
description: Immunoelectron microscopy of mammary gland tissue from lactating rats investigating potential structural interactions between mature lipid droplets, as indicated by peripheral labeling with adipophilin (smaller gold particles) and elements of the trans-Golgi network, identified by TGN38 (a transmembrane trans-Golgi protein) staining (larger gold particles). Note that trans‐Golgi cisternae in lactating mammary cells contain large amounts of casein and other milk proteins and are grossly expanded due to the osmolarity of the secreted fluid.
description: Preparation: cryostat-sectioned tissue; formaldehyde fixed tissue; embedded tissue; methylcellulose embedded
Relation to intact cell: sectioned tissue
Item type: recorded image
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM); illumination by electrons; detection of electrons
Parameter imaged: electron density
Source of contrast: differences in adsorption or binding of stain; distribution of a specific protein
Visualization methods: gold; uranyl salt; primary antibody plus labeled secondary antibody
Processing history: unprocessed raw data
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements;intensitiesquantitation
DOI: 10.6075/j0r78d4g
title: CIL:36099, damselfly, flight muscle cell. In Cell Image Library

description: The image shows the surface of the ribbon-like myofibrils, with some remnants of the SR attached mostly at the Z lines. The regular disposition of attached cross bridges is visible in many areas. Most images of this group show fractures through the outer membrane of mitochondria and SR/T tubules of dyads nestled in long grooves of the mitochondrial surface. All leaflets of the membranes appear in the images. 
 
References for the image: 
Loesser, K.E. and Franzini-Armstrong, C. A simple method for freeze-drying of macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. J. Struct. Biol. 103: 48-56, 1990. Bard, F., Franzini-Armstrong, C. and Ip W. Rigor cross bridges are double headed in fast muscle from crayfish. J. Cell Biol. 105: 2225-2234, 1987.
description: Preparation: glutaraldehyde fixed tissue; freeze_fracture/freeze_etch
Relation to intact cell: unembedded tissue
Item type: transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Imaging mode: transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Parameter imaged: electron density
Source of contrast: differences in deposition of metal shadow
Visualization methods: shadowing and plating
Processing history: digitized negative film
Data qualification: Raw;spatialmeasurements
description: Negatives scanned at LBL then reduced in size for upload TEM magnifications not currently available. Scan step size is 6.3 micron, then reduced in size 4X for upload, for an effective pixel size of 25 micron. 

Heads and tail were removed, the thorax was bisected and immersed in 100 mM KCl, 10 mM EDTA, 10 Triton X for a few hrs, to depolarize and skin the fibers, then maintained at -20 C in 50% glycerol in the same solution for several weeks to induce rigor by eliminating ATP. The muscle was gently homogenized in a waring blender in 0.9% NaCl. The fibrils were deposited on glass and sequentially fixed in 0.1% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, rinsed in 100 mM ammonium acetate, treated with 1% uranyl acetate for 30 seconds, rinsed in 40% methanol and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The fibrils were freeze dried at -90 C for 30 minutes and rotary shadowed with platinum either at 25C or 45C in a Balzer's 400 freeze fracture. The glass was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid and the replicas were mounted on copper grids and examined in a Philips 410 Microscope.
DOI: 10.6075/j0v987hz
title: CIL: 51211, Mus musculus, RAW 264.7 TIB-71. In Cell Image Library

description: Imaging mode: DICM
Visualization methods: Spinning disc confocal DICM & widefield DICM Using a Nikon TiE microscope equipped with a 40x, 0.95 N.A. objective and a Hamamatsu ORCA-Flash 4.0 V3 Digital CMOS camera, or a Nikon TiE spinning-disc confocal microscope equipped with a Yokogawa CSU-X1 scanning unit, an Andor iXon 888 EMCCD camera, and a 60x, 1.3 N.A. water-immersion objective or a 40x, 0.95 N.A. objective
description: ~1200 cells were imaged on glass. More gradual additions of drug or carrier were carried out in four equal increments at 0, 30, 60, 90 min, together yielding the same final drug concentration indicated in rapid addition studies. The subpopulation of ~100 cells with extended, leading edge pseudopods at t = 0 were imaged and counted in each unit area at the indicated timepoints during a 125 min observation period T=37C

Images are provided as uncorrected, 16 bit .nd2 files to preserve all original data. To view these .nd2 files:
1. Download ImageJ viewer at (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html)
2. Download the BioFormats.jar package at (https://www.openmicroscopy.org/bio-formats/downloads/)
3. Open the ImageJ directory after installation and drag the extracted BioFormats.jar package into the "Plugins" subdirectory
4. Open an .nd2 image using imageJ and select opening options when prompted, if desired. If no modifications are desired, select "OK"
5. The 16 bit image will typically look dark and will require brightness adjustment.
6. In the ImageJ toolbar, select Image &gt;&gt; Adjust &gt;&gt; Brightness/Contrast and select "Auto", or manually set the brightness and contrast.
description: A novel cell population analysis to quantify both initial and long-term drug effects, namely pseudopod adaptation and recovery following an initial drug-induced perturbation, adding drug slowly in 1/4 increments over 90 minutes.
DOI: 10.6075/j0ns0thx
title: CIL: 53395, Plankton. In Cell Image Library

description: 128x128 segmented image from volumetric hologram
description: Imaging mode: Holography
Visualization methods: Amplitude Mode
description: Zooplankton