cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.24378/exe.3823
title: Waveguide mode enhanced mm-wave photomodulators (dataset)

description: This is the dataset used for the Hooper (2022) article "Waveguide-Mode-Enhanced Millimeter-Wave Photomodulators" published in Physical Review Applied.
description: Data and Julia (v1.5.2) worksheet used to generate figures. And COMSOL (v6.0) models.
description: The article associated with this dataset is available in ORE at: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/128926
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340161
title: Priority list of plant collection from metabarcoding 2020 and visitation records

description: Priority list for plant collection, priorities based on number of reeds in metabarcoding and number of bees encountered in visitation records.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19328885
title: spongEffects scores calculated for 19 cancer types from TCGA

description: spongEffects is a new method designed to infer modules from pre-computed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. In addition, spongEffects calculates patient-level module enrichment scores (spongEffects scores) for downstream machine learning tasks. Here, we make available spongEffects scores for 19 cancer types part of the TCGA project as RData objects, each containing spongEffects score matrices for tumor samples and normal ones (if available).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19328885.v1
title: spongEffects scores calculated for 19 cancer types from TCGA

description: spongEffects is a new method designed to infer modules from pre-computed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. In addition, spongEffects calculates patient-level module enrichment scores (spongEffects scores) for downstream machine learning tasks. Here, we make available spongEffects scores for 19 cancer types part of the TCGA project as RData objects, each containing spongEffects score matrices for tumor samples and normal ones (if available).
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298xyg
title: CCDC 2123746: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298xzh
title: CCDC 2123747: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y0k
title: CCDC 2123748: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y1l
title: CCDC 2123749: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y2m
title: CCDC 2123750: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y3n
title: CCDC 2123751: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y4p
title: CCDC 2123752: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y5q
title: CCDC 2123753: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y6r
title: CCDC 2123754: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298y7s
title: CCDC 2123755: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298ybw
title: CCDC 2123758: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298yh1
title: CCDC 2123763: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298yj2
title: CCDC 2123764: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298yk3
title: CCDC 2123765: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298yl4
title: CCDC 2123766: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298ym5
title: CCDC 2123767: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298yq8
title: CCDC 2123770: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc298ysb
title: CCDC 2123772: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rafal Kulmaczewski, Laurence J. Kershaw Cook, Christopher M. Pask, Oscar Cespedes, Malcolm A. Halcrow|2022|Cryst.Growth Des.|22|1960|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00005
DOI: 10.3886/e164382
title: Intention to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine among Brazilian immigrant women in the U.S.

description: A survey (n=353) of Brazilian immigrants administered virtually July-August 2020, addressing COVID-19 perceptions, including perceived severity, vaccination intention, and more.
DOI: 10.3886/e164382v1
title: Intention to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine among Brazilian immigrant women in the U.S.

description: A survey (n=353) of Brazilian immigrants administered virtually July-August 2020, addressing COVID-19 perceptions, including perceived severity, vaccination intention, and more.
DOI: 10.24352/10.24352/ub.ovgu-2022-047
title: Anhang zur Dissertation – „Künstliche in Marketingorganisationen“ 

description: Anhang zur Dissertation „Künstliche Intelligenz in Marketingorganisationen“ Anhang 1: Analyse Kodierung Literaturreview 
Anhang 2: Auswertung Literaturreview 
Anhang 3: Interviewleitfäden 
Anhang 4: Kategorienhandbuch inkl. Anpassungen aus erstem Kodierprozess Anhang 5: Auswertung Interviews – Einflussfaktoren 
Anhang 6: Auswertung Interviews - Barrieren
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/oavti1
title: Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Persoon) Fuckel, 2920

description: Fungarium Macromycetes
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340209
title: Raw data of sequencing results of our study: Bovine milk microbiota: Evaluation of different DNA extraction protocols in challenging samples

description: Clean reads of the repeated milk samples with used Primer Pairs V1V2 and V3V4 Raw data of sequencing results (amplicon single variants)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340208
title: Raw data of sequencing results of our study: Bovine milk microbiota: Evaluation of different DNA extraction protocols in challenging samples

description: Clean reads of the repeated milk samples with used Primer Pairs V1V2 and V3V4 Raw data of sequencing results (amplicon single variants)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340201
title: Buteogallus aequinoctialis SPAdes preassembly

description: .
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340200
title: Buteogallus aequinoctialis SPAdes preassembly

description: .
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/9mhxqf/898x6o
title: Puccinia sessilis Schneider F-1953.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/9mhxqf/dix6kx
title: 1953_1.S3Dm

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/9mhxqf/nwmtis
title: 1953_2.S3Dm

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/9mhxqf
title: Puccinia sessilis W.G. Schneid., 1953

description: Fungarium Mikromycetes
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340219
title: Raw Data for the article: Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Potential Treatment for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Decompensated Cirrhosis

description: <strong>Background: </strong>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe and often fatal infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. The only cure for SBP is antibiotic therapy, but the emerging problem of bacterial resistance requires novel therapeutic strategies. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hA-MSCs) possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be harnessed as a therapy in such a context. <strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro applications of hA-MSCs in ascitic fluid (AF) of cirrhotic patients, subsequently infected with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, was performed. We evaluated the effects of hA-MSCs on bacterial load, innate immunity factors, and macrophage phenotypic expression. <strong>Results: </strong>hA-MSCs added to AF significantly reduce the proliferation of both bacterial strains at 24 h and diversely affect M1 and M2 polarization, C3a complement protein, and ficolin 3 concentrations during the course of infection, in a bacterial strain-dependent fashion. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows the potential usefulness of hA-MSC in treating ascites infected with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and lays the foundation to further investigate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory roles of hA-MSC in in vivo models.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340218
title: Raw Data for the article: Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Potential Treatment for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Decompensated Cirrhosis

description: <strong>Background: </strong>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe and often fatal infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. The only cure for SBP is antibiotic therapy, but the emerging problem of bacterial resistance requires novel therapeutic strategies. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hA-MSCs) possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be harnessed as a therapy in such a context. <strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro applications of hA-MSCs in ascitic fluid (AF) of cirrhotic patients, subsequently infected with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, was performed. We evaluated the effects of hA-MSCs on bacterial load, innate immunity factors, and macrophage phenotypic expression. <strong>Results: </strong>hA-MSCs added to AF significantly reduce the proliferation of both bacterial strains at 24 h and diversely affect M1 and M2 polarization, C3a complement protein, and ficolin 3 concentrations during the course of infection, in a bacterial strain-dependent fashion. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows the potential usefulness of hA-MSC in treating ascites infected with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and lays the foundation to further investigate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory roles of hA-MSC in in vivo models.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5970105
title: LetterSampo CKCC data publication

description: <strong>LetterSampo CKCC Knowledge Graph</strong> The documentation of LetterSampo CKCC dataset is available on Linked Data Finland page and explained in more detail on the project page. This dataset is available on a public SPARQL endpoint (https://ldf.fi/ckcc/sparql).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5972316
title: LetterSampo correspSearch data publication

description: <strong>LetterSampo correspSearch Knowledge Graph</strong> The documentation of LetterSampo correspSearch dataset is available on Linked Data Finland page and explained in more detail on the project page. This dataset is available on a public SPARQL endpoint (https://ldf.fi/corresp/sparql).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5958986
title: Automatically Extracted SHACL Shapes for DBpedia, YAGO-4, and LUBM & Associated Coverage Statistics

description: The uploaded datasets contain <strong>automatically extracted </strong>SHACL shapes for DBpedia [1], YAGO-4 [2] and LUBM [3] (with scale factor 500) datasets.<br> These validating SHACL shapes are generated by a program that parses the corresponding RDF files (in `.nt` format). These shapes encode various SHACL constraints, e.g., literal types or RDF types. For each shape we encode coverage in terms of number of entities satisfying such shape, this information is encoded using the void:entities predicate. We have provided as executable Jar file the program we developed to extract these SHACL shapes.<br> More details about the datasets used to extract these shapes and <em>how to run the Jar</em> are available on our GitHub repository https://github.com/Kashif-Rabbani/validatingshapes. [1] Auer, Sören, et al. "Dbpedia: A nucleus for a web of open data." The semantic web. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007. 722-735. [2] Pellissier Tanon, Thomas, Gerhard Weikum, and Fabian Suchanek. "Yago 4: A reason-able knowledge base." European Semantic Web Conference. Springer, Cham, 2020. [3] Guo, Yuanbo, Zhengxiang Pan, and Jeff Heflin. "LUBM: A benchmark for OWL knowledge base systems." Journal of Web Semantics 3.2-3 (2005): 158-182.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340137
title: Monte-Carlo-simulated MR spectra of the rat brain and their quantification results obtained with QUEST and QUEST-MM jMRUI algorithms

description: MC-simulated spectra of the rat brain along with the corresponding basis set (metabolite signals simulated using NMRScopeB from jMRUI) and the QUEST-MM, QUEST, QUEST(Met+Back) and QUEST(Met+MM) quantification results are stored in the MC_results folder. Results of an in-vivo rat brain MRS signal (SPECIAL, dead time t0 = 0.134 ms, TE = 2.8 ms, at 9.4 T) quantification performed with the QUEST-MM jMRUI algorithm (origin for MC-simulation) are stored in the folder rat_results. All files can be loaded to jMRUI software version 5 and later.
description: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813120, from MEYS CR (LM2018129 Czech-BioImaging) and from the European Regional Development Fund (MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001775).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340136
title: Monte-Carlo-simulated MR spectra of the rat brain and their quantification results obtained with QUEST and QUEST-MM jMRUI algorithms

description: MC-simulated spectra of the rat brain along with the corresponding basis set (metabolite signals simulated using NMRScopeB from jMRUI) and the QUEST-MM, QUEST, QUEST(Met+Back) and QUEST(Met+MM) quantification results are stored in the MC_results folder. Results of an in-vivo rat brain MRS signal (SPECIAL, dead time t0 = 0.134 ms, TE = 2.8 ms, at 9.4 T) quantification performed with the QUEST-MM jMRUI algorithm (origin for MC-simulation) are stored in the folder rat_results. All files can be loaded to jMRUI software version 5 and later.
description: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813120, from MEYS CR (LM2018129 Czech-BioImaging) and from the European Regional Development Fund (MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001775).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19328945
title: Dataset and R code (analyses) for Penman et al. Ecological and life history correlates of erythrocyte size and shape in Lepidosauria

description: The two files here contain the dataset for Penman et al. <i>Ecological and life history correlates of erythrocyte size and shape in Lepidosauria</i> and the R code for the data analyses contained within the MS. All data are taken from published sources - references therein.<b></b>
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340223
title: Dataset for "Protracted subduction of the European hyperextended margin revealed by rutile U-Pb geochronology across the Dora-Maira massif (W. Alps)"

description: Dataset for "Protracted subduction of the European hyperextended margin revealed by rutile U-Pb geochronology across the Dora-Maira massif (W. Alps)" - Sample location - Rutile U-Pb-trace-element analyses - Titanite U-Pb-trace-element analyses
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340222
title: Dataset for "Protracted subduction of the European hyperextended margin revealed by rutile U-Pb geochronology across the Dora-Maira massif (W. Alps)"

description: Dataset for "Protracted subduction of the European hyperextended margin revealed by rutile U-Pb geochronology across the Dora-Maira massif (W. Alps)" - Sample location - Rutile U-Pb-trace-element analyses - Titanite U-Pb-trace-element analyses
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340233
title: Hypoplectrus guttavarius SPAdes preassembly

description: .
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340232
title: Hypoplectrus guttavarius SPAdes preassembly

description: .
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340271
title: Data for 17IND08 AdvanCT "report on the traceable measurement of freeform objects"

description: Raw and evaluated data from 17IND08 AdvanCT's case study on freeforms, "report on the traceable measurement of freeform objects". Contains point clouds from CT (X-ray computed tomography) and tactile point clouds of two freeform workpieces made from titanium or polymer. Also includes data from registration spheres on both parts, and histogram data from nominal-actual comparisons between tactile and CT surfaces.
description: This project 17IND08 AdvanCT has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340270
title: Data for 17IND08 AdvanCT "report on the traceable measurement of freeform objects"

description: Raw and evaluated data from 17IND08 AdvanCT's case study on freeforms, "report on the traceable measurement of freeform objects". Contains point clouds from CT (X-ray computed tomography) and tactile point clouds of two freeform workpieces made from titanium or polymer. Also includes data from registration spheres on both parts, and histogram data from nominal-actual comparisons between tactile and CT surfaces.
description: This project 17IND08 AdvanCT has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4604914
title: 16S and ITS sequencing data from rice plants

description: These are sequencing data sets from publication 'Effect of strigolactones on recruitment of the rice root-associated microbiome, 2022'. Please find a more detail here: https://academic.oup.com/femsec/advance-article/doi/10.1093/femsec/fiac010/6524125?login=true
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4604913
title: 16S and ITS sequencing data from rice plants

description: These are sequencing data sets from publication 'Effect of strigolactones on recruitment of the rice root-associated microbiome, 2022'. Please find a more detail here: https://academic.oup.com/femsec/advance-article/doi/10.1093/femsec/fiac010/6524125?login=true
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19328870
title: Daily Daka assignment as online interpreting teaching format out of class

description: To contrast Daily Daka and conventional assiggnment pedogogies, a quasi-experiment was conducted. Data were collected through instruments of the interpreting pre-test/post-test, pre/post-self-assessment questionnaire and perception questionnaire.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19328870.v1
title: Daily Daka assignment as online interpreting teaching format out of class

description: To contrast Daily Daka and conventional assiggnment pedogogies, a quasi-experiment was conducted. Data were collected through instruments of the interpreting pre-test/post-test, pre/post-self-assessment questionnaire and perception questionnaire.
DOI: 10.5522/04/17153291
title: Data extracted from literature for the paper "Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South"

description: Data extracted from literature on the linkages between protected area interventions and human wellbeing, for the paper 'Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South'.
DOI: 10.5522/04/17153291.v1
title: Data extracted from literature for the paper "Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South"

description: Data extracted from literature on the linkages between protected area interventions and human wellbeing, for the paper 'Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South'.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/r0uvmw/ogxsiu
title: 2420.S3Dm

description: :unav
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/r0uvmw
title: Phlebia centrifuga P. Karst., 2420

description: Fungarium Makromycetes
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6340273
title: Raw Data for the article: Efficacy of Three Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microbial Surfaces' Contaminations of Pharmaceuticals Hospital Facilities

description: To evaluate and validate the efficacy of disinfectants used in our cleaning procedure, in order to reduce pharmaceutical hospital surfaces' contaminations, we tested the action of three commercial disinfectants on small representative samples of the surfaces present in our hospital cleanrooms. These samples (or coupons) were contaminated with selected microorganisms for the validation of the disinfectants. The coupons were sampled before and after disinfection and the microbial load was assessed to calculate the Log<sub>10</sub> reduction index. Subsequently, we developed and validated a disinfection procedure on real surfaces inside the cleanrooms intentionally contaminated with microorganisms, using approximately 10<sup>7</sup>-10<sup>8</sup> total colony forming units per coupon. Our results showed a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy coherent to the acceptance criteria suggested by United States Pharmacopeia 35 &lt;1072&gt;. The correct implementation of our cleaning and disinfection procedure, respecting stipulated concentrations and contact times, led to a reduction of at least 6 Log<sub>10</sub> for all microorganisms used. The proposed disinfection procedure reduced the pharmaceutical hospital surfaces' contaminations, limited the propagation of microorganisms in points adjacent to the disinfected area, and ensured high disinfection and safety levels for operators, patients, and treated surfaces.