cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324522
title: Experimental proposal for analysis of the state variables of gases with Arduino

description: Abstract Since it is a widely applied science in the technological fields, it is essential that physics be taught from demonstrations of phenomena and relating theory and practice. However, for lots of reasons, teachers choose mainly expository classes. In general, it is verified that, in such way, the students are not interested in the subject and absorb knowledge in a mechanical way. The present study aimed at the construction of a low cost educational product using the Arduino platform to demonstrate the relationship between the state variables of an ideal gas in secondary school classes. The results showed that, even with simple materials, it is possible to construct an experimental apparatus capable to extract quantitative data and its use in class may contribute to the construction of knowledge in a potentially significant way.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324525.v1
title: Field Description and Identification of Diagnostic Qualifiers for Urban Soils in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Human activities often alter soils found in urban areas. These alterations affect their environmental functions and potential for use. However, soils from urban areas in Brazil have not been surveyed and identified, which can pose a technical problem for the development of the city. Considering the importance of urban environments and their soils, this study aimed to evaluate the environmental and morphological characteristics and the physical properties of urban soils in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The purpose was then to organize a protocol for describing urban soils and to identify diagnostic qualifiers to subsidize establishment of an order that allows proper classification of these soils in the Brazilian Soil Classification System. The protocol containing general and environmental notes and morphological notes and qualifiers was organized based on the experience of this study and the relevant literature. The environmental, morphological, and physical analyses carried out supported interpretation of the urban soils of Santa Maria, their classification in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources system, and identification of diagnostic qualifiers proposed for the Brazilian Soil Classification System. The protocol tested in this study was adequate for data collection in the field. Soils had high variation in layer thickness, particle size composition, color, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance, stoniness, and the presence of artifacts. Considering the establishment of a Brazilian taxonomy for urban soils, the field data led to the proposal for new qualifiers, such as Saprolitic (residual saprolite material), Impervic (sealed/impermeable layer), Multigranic (layers with contrasting textures), Stonic (layers with stoniness), and Saprorockic (layers constituted of transported saprolite), which can be used as diagnostic attributes in the Brazilian Soil Classification System and even contribute to improvement of the order of Technosols in the World Reference Base For Soil Resources system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324516
title: Public health, urban space and social exclusion in postwar Spain: the exanthematic typhus epidemic in the city of Valencia, 1941-1943

description: Abstract After the Spanish Civil War, poor hygiene and nutritional deficiencies among a large part of Spain’s population contributed to the rise of epidemic diseases. Exanthematic typhus posed a challenge to the health authorities, especially during the spring of 1941, when the epidemiological cycle of the disease and the lack of infrastructures combined to create a serious health crisis. The Franco regime, aware that this situation posed a threat to its legitimacy, promptly used social exclusion as part of its health policy against the epidemic. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the case of Valencia, a city that was behind Republican lines during the war, and therefore received successive waves of refugees as Franco’s troops advanced.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324522.v1
title: Experimental proposal for analysis of the state variables of gases with Arduino

description: Abstract Since it is a widely applied science in the technological fields, it is essential that physics be taught from demonstrations of phenomena and relating theory and practice. However, for lots of reasons, teachers choose mainly expository classes. In general, it is verified that, in such way, the students are not interested in the subject and absorb knowledge in a mechanical way. The present study aimed at the construction of a low cost educational product using the Arduino platform to demonstrate the relationship between the state variables of an ideal gas in secondary school classes. The results showed that, even with simple materials, it is possible to construct an experimental apparatus capable to extract quantitative data and its use in class may contribute to the construction of knowledge in a potentially significant way.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324510
title: Can socioeconomic factors explain the local importance of culturally salient plants in a social-ecological system?

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine whether socioeconomic factors explain the importance of culturally salient plants to social-ecological systems. Extractive communities of the Araripe-Apodi Environmental Protection Area in Northeast Brazil were studied, and a random sample of the population was selected. Quantitative variables (education, age and income) were analyzed using Spearman correlations, while categorical variables (gender and occupation) were analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests. Relationships between socioeconomic factors and the importance of culturally salient plants were all weak. Nevertheless, age influenced the local importance of the largest number of species. Other factors not considered in this study (historical, cultural, ecological, and psychological) may be outstanding predictors of the importance of culturally salient plants and should be studied in future investigations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324516.v1
title: Public health, urban space and social exclusion in postwar Spain: the exanthematic typhus epidemic in the city of Valencia, 1941-1943

description: Abstract After the Spanish Civil War, poor hygiene and nutritional deficiencies among a large part of Spain’s population contributed to the rise of epidemic diseases. Exanthematic typhus posed a challenge to the health authorities, especially during the spring of 1941, when the epidemiological cycle of the disease and the lack of infrastructures combined to create a serious health crisis. The Franco regime, aware that this situation posed a threat to its legitimacy, promptly used social exclusion as part of its health policy against the epidemic. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the case of Valencia, a city that was behind Republican lines during the war, and therefore received successive waves of refugees as Franco’s troops advanced.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324504
title: Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products from young adults of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

description: BACKGROUND Angiostrongyliasis is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis and can lead to eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. The young adult worms play central pathogenic roles in the central nervous system (CNS); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are good investigation targets for studying the relationship between a host and its parasite. OBJECTIVES We aimed to profile, identify, and characterise the proteins in the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults. METHODS The ESPs of young adult worms were collected from culture medium after incubation ranging from 24 to 96 h. Proteomic and bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterise the ESPs. FINDINGS A total of 51 spots were identified, and the highly expressed proteins included two protein disulphide isomerases, one calreticulin, and three uncharacterised proteins. Subsequently, approximately 254 proteins were identified in the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and these were further classified according to their characteristics and biological functions. Finally, we identified the immunoreactive proteins from a reference map of ESPs from A. cantonensis young adults. Approximately eight proteins were identified, including a protein disulphide isomerase, a putative aspartic protease, annexin, and five uncharacterised proteins. The study established and identified protein reference maps for the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The identified proteins may be potential targets for the development of diagnostic or therapeutic agents for human angiostrongyliasis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324510.v1
title: Can socioeconomic factors explain the local importance of culturally salient plants in a social-ecological system?

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine whether socioeconomic factors explain the importance of culturally salient plants to social-ecological systems. Extractive communities of the Araripe-Apodi Environmental Protection Area in Northeast Brazil were studied, and a random sample of the population was selected. Quantitative variables (education, age and income) were analyzed using Spearman correlations, while categorical variables (gender and occupation) were analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests. Relationships between socioeconomic factors and the importance of culturally salient plants were all weak. Nevertheless, age influenced the local importance of the largest number of species. Other factors not considered in this study (historical, cultural, ecological, and psychological) may be outstanding predictors of the importance of culturally salient plants and should be studied in future investigations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324498
title: Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Methane in a Subtropical Ferralsol Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Sheep Grazing in Integrated Crop-Livestock System

description: ABSTRACT Brazilian agriculture contributes significantly to nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions, so the understanding of such emissions at the field is crucial for mitigation strategies. This study quantified the impact of N application and sheep grazing on the N2O and CH4 emissions from a subtropical Ferralsol under an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) management system. In a long-term experiment in southern Brazil, gaseous fluxes were measured during a year-long cycle of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) plus oats (Avena sativa) winter pasture and a summer crop of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Three rates of urea-nitrogen (0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1) were applied to the winter-pasture, which was subjected to two sheep grazing levels (continuously grazed, and ungrazed). The experiment had a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were measured with closed static-chambers (0.20 m high × 0.25 m in diameter). Nitrous oxide emission peaks occurred 28 days after N application and increased with N application rate. Accordingly, the cumulative N2O emissions averaged across grazed and ungrazed treatments increased from 0.45 kg ha-1 in the control soil to 1.78 and 2.10 kg ha-1 after application of 75 and 150 kg ha-1, respectively. The N2O emission factors were 1.7 and 1.1 % when the N rates were 75 and 150 kg ha-1, respectively. The cumulative average N2O emission for all N rates was 2.09 kg ha-1 in ungrazed pasture, but it was reduced by 62 % with grazing to 0.80 kg ha-1, perhaps because of a possible denitrification of N2O to N2 associated with soil compaction from trampling. Overall, fertilizer-N is an important source of N2O from soil under ICL based on sheep grazing, with emission factors consistent with the IPCC’s default of 1 % (0.3-3.0 %). Grazing reduced the emission of soil N2O, but the underlying cause of that reduction needs to be better understood.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324501
title: INTEGRATION OF A LOW-COST GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM TO A SINGLE-BOARD COMPUTER USING KALMAN FILTERING

description: ABSTRACT The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is the basis for localized crop management by allowing the georeferencing of collected data and the generation of maps by different systems that compose precision agriculture. There is a demand for low-cost navigation systems to enable their use in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this study is to integrate a low-cost GNSS module to a single-board computer using Kalman filtering to obtain navigation data. The system was evaluated by performing one static and two kinematic experiments, with three repetitions each. In the static experiment, the mean error was 3.25 m with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.73 m. In the first kinematic experiment, data variability was lower at a velocity of 1.39 m s−1. In the second kinematic experiment, the mean error was 1.26 and 1.13 m, and the RMSE was 1.45 and 1.27 m for data obtained before and after filtering, respectively. In conclusion, the system reduces the lateral errors in linear sections but is not indicated for sections that change direction. Moreover, this system can be used in agricultural applications such as soil sampling and crop yield monitoring.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324495
title: Medicinal plants for the "nerves": a review of ethnobotanical studies carried out in South Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Among the medicinal purposes for which plants have been used is the treatment of “nerves". The objective of this study was to search for species of plants used in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (South Brazil) for the relief of symptoms related to central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Twenty-seven ethnobotanical studies were compiled, in which a total of 94 species were cited. The five most cited species were Cymbopogon citratus (81.5 %), Melissa officinalis (77.7 %), Aloysia citriodora (66.6 %), Matricaria chamomilla (62.9 %) and Passiflora edulis (51.8 %). Scientific studies have corroborated the popular use of these plants as sedatives, but most studies are preclinical and very few have been clinical (M. chamomilla and M. officinalis), and these were mainly exploratory or were performed against placebo. In addition to efficacy data, there are also indications of toxicity for M. chamomilla and P. edulis. In conclusion, there is a great diversity of plant species used in the treatment of symptoms related to CNS disorders, and they are most frequently used as a sedative. Data indicate that M. officinalis possesses clinical efficacy in the treatment of symptoms associated with anxiety without signs of toxicity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324498.v1
title: Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Methane in a Subtropical Ferralsol Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Sheep Grazing in Integrated Crop-Livestock System

description: ABSTRACT Brazilian agriculture contributes significantly to nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions, so the understanding of such emissions at the field is crucial for mitigation strategies. This study quantified the impact of N application and sheep grazing on the N2O and CH4 emissions from a subtropical Ferralsol under an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) management system. In a long-term experiment in southern Brazil, gaseous fluxes were measured during a year-long cycle of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) plus oats (Avena sativa) winter pasture and a summer crop of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Three rates of urea-nitrogen (0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1) were applied to the winter-pasture, which was subjected to two sheep grazing levels (continuously grazed, and ungrazed). The experiment had a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were measured with closed static-chambers (0.20 m high × 0.25 m in diameter). Nitrous oxide emission peaks occurred 28 days after N application and increased with N application rate. Accordingly, the cumulative N2O emissions averaged across grazed and ungrazed treatments increased from 0.45 kg ha-1 in the control soil to 1.78 and 2.10 kg ha-1 after application of 75 and 150 kg ha-1, respectively. The N2O emission factors were 1.7 and 1.1 % when the N rates were 75 and 150 kg ha-1, respectively. The cumulative average N2O emission for all N rates was 2.09 kg ha-1 in ungrazed pasture, but it was reduced by 62 % with grazing to 0.80 kg ha-1, perhaps because of a possible denitrification of N2O to N2 associated with soil compaction from trampling. Overall, fertilizer-N is an important source of N2O from soil under ICL based on sheep grazing, with emission factors consistent with the IPCC’s default of 1 % (0.3-3.0 %). Grazing reduced the emission of soil N2O, but the underlying cause of that reduction needs to be better understood.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324504.v1
title: Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products from young adults of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

description: BACKGROUND Angiostrongyliasis is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis and can lead to eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. The young adult worms play central pathogenic roles in the central nervous system (CNS); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are good investigation targets for studying the relationship between a host and its parasite. OBJECTIVES We aimed to profile, identify, and characterise the proteins in the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults. METHODS The ESPs of young adult worms were collected from culture medium after incubation ranging from 24 to 96 h. Proteomic and bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterise the ESPs. FINDINGS A total of 51 spots were identified, and the highly expressed proteins included two protein disulphide isomerases, one calreticulin, and three uncharacterised proteins. Subsequently, approximately 254 proteins were identified in the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and these were further classified according to their characteristics and biological functions. Finally, we identified the immunoreactive proteins from a reference map of ESPs from A. cantonensis young adults. Approximately eight proteins were identified, including a protein disulphide isomerase, a putative aspartic protease, annexin, and five uncharacterised proteins. The study established and identified protein reference maps for the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The identified proteins may be potential targets for the development of diagnostic or therapeutic agents for human angiostrongyliasis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324495.v1
title: Medicinal plants for the "nerves": a review of ethnobotanical studies carried out in South Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Among the medicinal purposes for which plants have been used is the treatment of “nerves". The objective of this study was to search for species of plants used in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (South Brazil) for the relief of symptoms related to central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Twenty-seven ethnobotanical studies were compiled, in which a total of 94 species were cited. The five most cited species were Cymbopogon citratus (81.5 %), Melissa officinalis (77.7 %), Aloysia citriodora (66.6 %), Matricaria chamomilla (62.9 %) and Passiflora edulis (51.8 %). Scientific studies have corroborated the popular use of these plants as sedatives, but most studies are preclinical and very few have been clinical (M. chamomilla and M. officinalis), and these were mainly exploratory or were performed against placebo. In addition to efficacy data, there are also indications of toxicity for M. chamomilla and P. edulis. In conclusion, there is a great diversity of plant species used in the treatment of symptoms related to CNS disorders, and they are most frequently used as a sedative. Data indicate that M. officinalis possesses clinical efficacy in the treatment of symptoms associated with anxiety without signs of toxicity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324501.v1
title: INTEGRATION OF A LOW-COST GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM TO A SINGLE-BOARD COMPUTER USING KALMAN FILTERING

description: ABSTRACT The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is the basis for localized crop management by allowing the georeferencing of collected data and the generation of maps by different systems that compose precision agriculture. There is a demand for low-cost navigation systems to enable their use in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this study is to integrate a low-cost GNSS module to a single-board computer using Kalman filtering to obtain navigation data. The system was evaluated by performing one static and two kinematic experiments, with three repetitions each. In the static experiment, the mean error was 3.25 m with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.73 m. In the first kinematic experiment, data variability was lower at a velocity of 1.39 m s−1. In the second kinematic experiment, the mean error was 1.26 and 1.13 m, and the RMSE was 1.45 and 1.27 m for data obtained before and after filtering, respectively. In conclusion, the system reduces the lateral errors in linear sections but is not indicated for sections that change direction. Moreover, this system can be used in agricultural applications such as soil sampling and crop yield monitoring.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324486
title: Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration improves water use efficiency and growth of a widespread Cerrado tree species even under soil water deficit

description: ABSTRACT Changes in atmospheric CO2 levels are accompanied by ecological interactions involving other environmental factors, such as drought, which can severely alter the water balance of plants, thereby influencing sap flow, gas exchange, and plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water use economy, leaf gas exchange, and growth of young plants of the species Lafoensia pacari subjected to high concentrations of atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) and soil water deficit. Increased vapor pressure deficit was observed from 1200 to 1800 hours. Plants under elevated [CO2] exhibited increased leaf photosynthesis, resulting in improved growth. Specific leaf area was lower in plants under high [CO2], mainly after soil water deficit treatment. Daily irrigated plants growing under ambient [CO2] had higher stem sap flow velocity (cm h-1) and hourly sap flow (kg h-1), mainly during the hottest hours of the day, than plants under high [CO2]. Improved water use by plants growing under high [CO2] may result in increased availability of water in the soil, partially offsetting future drought events and extending the growth period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8324483
title: INSERTION OF THE FATHER IN THE CARE OF THE HOSPITALIZED PRETERM INFANT: PERCEPTION OF THE MULTIPROFESSIONAL TEAM

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of the multiprofessional health care team regarding the inclusion of fathers in the care of preterm infants who are in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, using a semi-structured interview with 12 health care professionals of a neonatal ICU, from February to July 2017. The data were analyzed according to the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: Seven main ideas (MI) emerged from the text analysis, which were grouped into two themes: 1) the role of the father according to the multiprofessional health care team views (MI1: parent provider, MI2: shared care, MI3: supportive father); 2) perception of the father caring for the hospitalized preterm infant (MI4: father does not change diapers; MI5: father conquering new spaces; MI6: strengthening the bonding; MI7: father providing maternal security. Conclusions: The results of this study point out to the importance of including the father figure in the humanized care of preterm infants. Professional health care team should be more aware of fathers’ importance in the care of hospitalized preterm infants.