cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/tv7a-2y87
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bräker - Le Crêt rond - ABAL - ITRDB SWIT205

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Plentering
# 
# Cores and cross-sections are stored at: 
# disposed
# 
# References:
# Zingg, A., (1996): 
# Diameter and Basal Area Increment in Permanent Growth 
# and Yield Plots in Switzerland. In: Spiecker, H.; 
# Mielikainen, K.; Kohl, M.; Skovsgaard, J.P. (eds) 
# Growth Trends in European Forests. 
# European Forest Institute Research Report No.5.
# 
# 
# Notes: 
# Slope N 30% 
# Formerly Buttes_Tanne_n2_1990.fh
#  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/tdkg-sz35
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Siple Dome Ice Core 9-57KYrBP dD Data

description: Using atmospheric methane and the isotopic composition of O2 as correlation tools, we place the dD record of ice from the Siple Dome (West Antarctica) ice core on a precise common chronology with the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core for the period from 9 to 57 ka. The onset of major millennial warming events in Siple Dome preceded major abrupt warmings in Greenland, and the pattern of millennial change at Siple Dome was broadly similar, though not identical, to that previously observed for the Byrd ice core (also in West Antarctica). The addition of Siple Dome to the database of well-dated Antarctic paleoclimate records supports the case for a coherent regional pattern of millennial-scale climate change in Antarctica during much of the last ice age and glacial-interglacial transition.
description: Siple Dome Ice Core, West Antarctica ice core hydrogen isotope 
(deuterium, dD) data, with age model correlated to the GISP2 
ice core time scale using methane and d18O.  Data are from 
515 to 919 meters depth, corresponding to 9 to 57 KYrBP.
DOI: 10.25921/tmpe-3951
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bräker - Tisch - FASY - ITRDB SWIT236

description: The semi-empirical single-tree model SILVA 2.2 has been developed and parameterised using forest research and inventory data from Germany that range from the colline to the montane zone. The focus of the model evaluation presented in this study was to test the applicability of the model for the main Swiss forest types and at elevations ranging from the colline to the upper subalpine zone. To this end, SILVA was initialized using data from long-term forest yield research plots. The results at the end of the 30-year simulation were compared with observed data. The analysis of the results at each test site showed that there were no significant differences in model performance between forest types. However, the deviation between simulated and observed growth depended strongly on the elevational zone, i.e., on climate. As expected, the best results were found in the colline zone, for which the model had been calibrated, whereas the upper subalpine sites revealed the strongest differences. The quality of the data regarding forest structure that were available for model initialization had a strong impact on the simulation results, mainly at high-elevation zones (i.e., supalpine and upper subalpine). We conclude that SILVA 2.2 is a suitable tool to estimate the development of single trees and standing volume for a large fraction of the forests in Switzerland. However, extreme climate conditions should be avoided with the model, and the availability of detailed stand structure information is a key priority that has a strong effect on the quality of the simulation results.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/trt5-m145
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - D'Arrigo - Northern Alaska Composite - PCGL - ITRDB AK117

description: Previous tree-ring-based Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions portray a varying amplitude range between the "Medieval Warm Period" (MWP), "Little Ice Age" (LIA) and present. We describe a new reconstruction, developed using largely different methodologies and additional new data compared to previous efforts. Unlike earlier studies, we quantify differences between more traditional (STD) and Regional Curve Standardization (RCS) methodologies, concluding that RCS is superior for retention of low-frequency trends. Continental North American versus Eurasian RCS series developed prior to merging to the hemispheric scale cohere surprisingly well, suggesting common forcing, although there are notable deviations (e.g., fifteenth to sixteenth century). Results indicate clear MWP (warm), LIA (cool), and recent (warm) episodes. Direct interpretation of the RCS reconstruction suggests that MWP temperatures were nearly 0.7C cooler than in the late twentieth century, with an amplitude difference of 1.14C from the coldest (1600-1609) to warmest (1937-1946) decades. However, we advise caution with this analysis. Although we conclude, as found elsewhere, that recent warming has been substantial relative to natural fluctuations of the past millennium, we also note that owing to the spatially heterogeneous nature of the MWP, and its different timing within different regions, present palaeoclimatic methodologies will likely "flatten out" estimates for this period relative to twentieth century warming, which expresses a more homogenous global "fingerprint." Therefore we stress that presently available paleoclimatic reconstructions are inadequate for making specific inferences, at hemispheric scales, about MWP warmth relative to the present anthropogenic period and that such comparisons can only still be made at the local/regional scale.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/tvtn-kj63
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kepler Lake, Alaska 800 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data

description: Climate records during the last millennium are essential in placing recent anthropogenic-induced climate change into the context of natural climatic variability. However, detailed records are still sparse in Alaska, and these records would help elucidate climate patterns and possible forcing mechanisms. Here we present a multiple-proxy sedimentary record from Kepler Lake in south-central Alaska to reconstruct climatic and environmental changes over the last 800 years. Two short cores (85 and 101 cm long) from this groundwater-fed marl lake provide a detailed stable isotope and sediment lithological record with chronology based on four AMS 14C dates on terrestrial macrofossils and 210Pb analysis. The d18O values of inorganic calcite (CaCO3) range from -17.0 to -15.7 ‰, with the highest values during the period of 1450-1850 AD, coeval with the well-documented Little Ice Age (LIA) cold interval in Alaska. The high d18O values during the cold LIA are interpreted as reflecting shifts in atmospheric circulation. A weakening of the wintertime Aleutian low pressure system residing over the Gulf of Alaska during the LIA would have resulted in 18O-enriched winter precipitation as well as a colder and possibly drier winter climate in south-central Alaska. Also, elevated calcite contents of >80 % during the LIA reflect a lowering of lake level and/or enhanced seasonality (warmer summer and colder winter), as calcite precipitation in freshwater lakes is primarily a function of peak summer temperature and water depth. This interpretation is also supported by high d13C values, likely reflecting high aquatic productivity or increased residence times of the lake water during lower lake levels. The lower lake levels and warmer summers would have increased evaporative enrichment in 18O, also contributing to the high d18O values during the LIA. Our results indicate that changes in atmospheric circulation were an important component of climate change during the last millennium, exerting strong influence on regional climate in Alaska and the Arctic.
description: Multiproxy sediment data from Kepler Lake, south-central Alaska, 
for the past 800 years. Kepler Lake is a groundwater-fed marl lake. 
Paleoenvironmental proxies measured include stable isotopes, 
C/N ratios, Loss-on-ignition, and bulk sediment density. 

Kepler Lake, Alaska: 61°33'16"N, 149°12'43"W, 22m elevation.
DOI: 10.25921/tc74-kj24
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Equatorial Pacific DSDP574 Miocene Biogenic Sediment Data

description: The equatorial Pacific is an important part of the global carbon cycle and has been affected by climate change through the Cenozoic (65 Ma to present). We present a Miocene (12-24 Ma) biogenic sediment record from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 574 and show that a CaCO3 minimum at 17 Ma was caused by elevated CaCO3 dissolution.  When Pacific Plate motion carried Site 574 under the equator at about 16.2 Ma, there is a minor increase in biogenic deposition associated with passing under the equatorial upwelling zone. The burial rates of the primary productivity proxies biogenic silica (bio-SiO2) and biogenic barium (bio-Ba) increase, but biogenic CaCO3 decreases. The carbonate minimum is at ~17 Ma coincident with the beginning of the Miocene climate optimum; the transient lasts from 18 to 15 Ma. Bio-SiO2 and bio-Ba are positively correlated and increase as the equator was approached. Corg is poorly preserved, and is strongly affected by changing carbonate burial. Terrestrial 232Th deposition, a proxy for aeolian dust, increases only after the Site 574 equator crossing. Since surface production of bio-SiO2, bio-Ba, and CaCO3 correlate in the modern equatorial Pacific, the decreased CaCO3 burial rate during the Site 574 equator crossing is driven by elevated CaCO3 dissolution, representing elevated ocean carbon storage and elevated atmospheric CO2. The length of the 17 Ma CaCO3 dissolution transient requires interaction with a 'slow' part of the carbon cycle, perhaps elevated mantle degassing associated with the early stages of Columbia River Basalt emplacement.
description: Equatorial Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 574 Miocene biogenic sediment data. Data include CaCO3, C-org, bio-Sio2, Ba, U, and Th data from Piela et al 2012. CaCO3 and C-org were measured with coulometer, bio-SiO2 by digestion and molybdate blue method, Ba-U-Th by ICP-MS on a total sediment digestion.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/kgqrk7
title: Replication Data for: Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education: The New Expansion published by Revista de Administração Contemporânea

description: This teaching case addresses the expansion of Professional and Technological Education through the Federal Network of Education, Science, and Technology across its three phases of growth, and presents the scenario related to the new expansion for the period from 2024 to 2027. Given this context, the Director and his team are called upon to present a new expansion strategy faced with the principal dilemma: What should be the strategy adopted for establishing 100 new units by 2027?

The case discusses the dilemmas faced by the team while considering the proposal and the inherent issues in its development aimed at delivering an important service to society: education. Thus, the goal of this case is to enable students to theoretically and practically engage with public policy, through real scenario case analysis, solution proposition, and debate.

The aim is to develop critical thinking skills associated with problem-solving, to recognize the importance of evidence-based public policy formulation, to build a solid foundation for negotiation, and to develop the capacity for competent decision-making based on the discussions held, which are inherent to the dynamics of the decision-making process in public policies. The case is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in Public Administration and Public Management, in courses such as Public Policies; State, Government, and Public Policies, among others relevant to the themes of the case.
DOI: 10.25921/tb73-q844
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Jacoby - Horin Bugatiyn - LASI - ITRDB MONG033

description: The Asian monsoon system affects more than half of humanity worldwide, yet the dynamical processes that govern its complex spatiotemporal variability are not sufficiently understood to model and predict its behavior, due in part to inadequate long-term climate observations. Here we present the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), a seasonally resolved gridded spatial reconstruction of Asian monsoon drought and pluvials over the past millennium, derived from a network of tree-ring chronologies. MADA provides the spatiotemporal details of known historic monsoon failures and reveals the occurrence, severity, and fingerprint of previously unknown monsoon megadroughts and their close linkages to large-scale patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures. MADA thus provides a long-term context for recent monsoon variability that is critically needed for climate modeling, prediction, and attribution.
description: Purpose of Collection:  
# Climatology - precipitation analysis NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.25921/txhv-fa44
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tzabnah Cave, Mexico 1500 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data

description: The decline of the Classic Maya civilization was complex and geographically variable, and occurred over a ~ 150-year interval, known as the Terminal Classic Period (TCP, C.E. 800–950). Paleoclimate studies based on lake sediments from the Yucatán Peninsula lowlands suggested that drought prevailed during the TCP and was likely an important factor in the disintegration of the Classic Maya civilization. The lacustrine evidence for decades of severe drought in the Yucatán Peninsula, however, does not readily explain the long 150-year socio-political decline of the Classic Maya civilization. Here we present a new, absolute-dated, high-resolution stalagmite δ18O record from the northwest Yucatán Peninsula that provides a much more detailed picture of climate variability during the last 1500 years. Direct calibration between stalagmite δ18O and rainfall amount offers the first quantitative estimation of rainfall variability during the Terminal Classic Period. Our results show that eight severe droughts, lasting from 3 to 18 years, occurred during major depopulation events of Classic Maya city-states. During these droughts, rainfall was reduced by 52% to 36%. The number and short duration of the dry intervals help explain why the TCP collapse of the Mayan civilization occurred over 150 years.
description: Absolutely-dated, high-resolution stalagmite delta18O record from the northwest Yucatán Peninsula that provides a detailed picture of climate variability during the last 1500 years. 
In 2004 we collected a 45 cm stalagmite specimen, named Chaac after the Maya god of rain, from cave "Tzabnah" in the village of Tecoh.  The speleothem time scale is based on 12 absolute U/Th dates. We applied a polynomial and piecewise linear model and found a maximum age difference between these models of 31 years during the Medieval Climate Anomaly time interval. To test the age model in the critical interval defining the TCP we counted laminations and compared the results to the U/Th age model. The average number of laminations in the time interval between CE 918 and 820, which corresponds to 98 Th-years, is 85±10. This test provides an independent confirmation of the U/Th age model. The U/Th date of C.E. 942 
corresponding to the onset of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in Chaac is comparable to the age indicated by the well-dated (Th-dating errors <=5 years) subtropical China stalagmite d18O 
record for this same event (Zhang et al., 2008). This observation and the laminae counting suggest that the error in the absolute chronology in Chaac is no larger than ±10 years during the 
Terminal Classic Period. 

Tzabnah Cave, Tecoh, Yucatán, Mexico:
20deg 43.83'N, 89deg 28.47'W, 20 m above sea level. 

ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: 
Zhang, P., et al., 2008. 
A test of climate, sun, and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record. Science, Vol. 322, pp. 940-942.
DOI: 10.25921/twtf-g777
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cook - Middleburgh - JUVI - ITRDB NY015

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Purpose of Collection:  
# US National Science Foundation Eastnet Project  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/tcd4-f786
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cronin et al. 2005 Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Krithe Ostracode Mg/Ca Data

description: We studied magnesium:calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in shells of the deep-sea ostracode genus Krithe from a short interval in the middle Pliocene between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma using deep-sea drilling sites in the North and South Atlantic in order to estimate bottom water temperatures (BWT) during a period of climatic warmth. Results from DSDP and ODP Sites 552A, 610A, 607, 658A, 659A, 661A and 704 for the period Ma reveal both depth and latitudinal gradients of mean Mg/Ca values. Shallower sites (552A, 610A and 607) have higher mean Mg/Ca ratios (10.3, 9.7, 10.1 mmol/mol) than deeper sites (661A, 6.3 mmol/mol), and high latitude North Atlantic sites (552A, 610A, 607) have higher Mg/Ca ratios than low latitude (658A: 9.8 mmol/mol, 659A: 7.7 mmol/mol, 661A: 6.3 mmol/mol) and Southern Ocean (704: 8.0 mmol/mol) sites. Converting Mg/Ca ratios into estimated temperatures using the calibration of Dwyer et al. (1995) [Dwyer, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P.A., Raymo, M.E., Buzas, J.S., Corrège, T., 1995. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late Pliocene and late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270, 1347–1351] suggests that mean middle Pliocene bottom water temperatures at the study sites in the deep Atlantic were about the same as modern temperatures. However, brief pulses of elevated BWT occurred several times between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma in both the North and South Atlantic Ocean suggesting short-term changes in deep ocean circulation.
DOI: 10.25921/tw2x-nh77
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cronin et al 1995 Arctic Ostracodes Database

description: We reconstructed late Quaternary deep (3000–4100 m) and intermediate depth (1000–2500 m) paleoceanographic history of the Eurasian Basin, Arctic Ocean from ostracode assemblages in cores from the Lomonosov Ridge, Gakkel Ridge, Yermak Plateau, Morris Jesup Rise, and Amundsen and Makarov Basins obtained during the 1991 Polarstern cruise. Modern assemblages on ridges and plateaus between 1000 and 1500 m are characterized by abundant, relatively species-rich benthic ostracode assemblages, in part, reflecting the influence of high organic productivity and inflowing Atlantic water. In contrast, deep Arctic Eurasian basin assemblages have low abundance and low diversity and are dominated by Krithe and Cytheropteron reflecting faunal exchange with the Greenland Sea via the Fram Strait. Major faunal changes occurred in the Arctic during the last glacial/interglacial transition and the Holocene. Low-abundance, low-diversity assemblages from the Lomonosov and Gakkel Ridges in the Eurasian Basin from the last glacial period have modern analogs in cold, low-salinity, low-nutrient Greenland Sea deep water; glacial assemblages from the deep Nansen and Amundsen Basins have modern analogs in the deep Canada Basin. During Termination 1 at intermediate depths, diversity and abundance increased coincident with increased biogenic sediment, reflecting increased organic productivity, reduced sea-ice, and enhanced inflowing North Atlantic water. During deglaciation deep Nansen Basin assemblages were similar to those living today in the deep Greenland Sea, perhaps reflecting deepwater exchange via the Fram Strait. In the central Arctic, early Holocene faunas indicate weaker North Atlantic water inflow at middepths immediately following Termination 1, about 8500–7000 year B.P., followed by a period of strong Canada Basin water overflow across the Lomonosov Ridge into the Morris Jesup Rise area and central Arctic Ocean. Modern perennial sea-ice cover evolved over the last 4000–5000 years. Late Quaternary faunal changes reflect benthic habitat changes most likely caused by changes in the import of cold, deepwater of Greenland Sea origin and warmer and middepth Atlantic water to the Eurasian Basin through the Fram Strait, and export of Arctic Ocean deepwater.
DOI: 10.25921/tbfd-ph89
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - McGregor et al. 2007 NW African Margin 2500 Year Alkenone SST

description: Near-shore waters along the northwest African margin are characterized by coastal upwelling and represent one of the world's major upwelling regions. Sea surface temperature (SST) records from Moroccan sediment cores, extending back 2500 years, reveal anomalous and unprecedented cooling during the 20th century, which is consistent with increased upwelling. Upwelling-driven SSTs also vary out of phase with millennial-scale changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHTAs) and show relatively warm conditions during the Little Ice Age and relatively cool conditions during the Medieval Warm Period. Together, these results suggest that coastal upwelling varies with NHTAs and that upwelling off northwest Africa may continue to intensify as global warming and atmospheric CO2 levels increase.
DOI: 10.25921/th0y-8s65
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - von Gunten et al. 2009 Chile Summer Temperature Recon

description: We present a pigment-based quantitative high-resolution (five years) austral summer DJF (December to February) temperature reconstruction for Central Chile back to AD 850. We used non-destructive in situ multichannel reflection spectrometry data from a short sediment core of Laguna Aculeo (33°50′S/70°54′W, 355 m a.s.l., central Chile). Calibration-in-time (period AD 1901—2000, cross-validated with split periods) revealed robust correlations between local DJF temperatures and total sedimentary chlorin (relative absorption band depth (RABD) centred in 660—670 nm RABD660;670: r=0.79, P<0.01; five-years triangular filtered) and the degree of pigment diagenesis (R660nm/670 nm: r=0.82, P<0.01; five-years triangular filter). Root Mean Squared Error values are small (between 0.24 and 0.34°C) suggesting that most of the reconstructed decadal-scale climate variability is significant. Our data provide quantitative evidence for the presence of a Medieval Climate Anomaly (in this case, warm summers between AD 1150 and 1350; ΔT = +0.27 to +0.37°C with respect to (wrt) twentieth century) and a very cool period synchronous to the ‘Little Ice Age’ starting with a sharp drop between AD 1350 and AD 1400 (−0.3°C/10 yr, decadal trend) followed by constantly cool (ΔT = −0.70 to −0.90°C wrt twentieth century) summers until AD 1750. The structure of variability is consistent in great detail with annually resolved tree-ring based warm-season temperature and river discharge reconstructions from northern Patagonia (42°S) for the past 400 years, with qualitative climate reconstructions from Andean glacier fluctuations, and with hydrological changes in Patagonian lake sediment records.