cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7ytbv9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1765 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Myricaria germanica"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1765 records from 60 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005132-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lb14i0
title: A study on CO2 supersaturation in the Martian southern polar night using Mars Global Surveyor radio occultation profiles rederived with Mars Climate Sounder temperature climatology

description: We investigate CO2 supersaturation in the Martian southern polar night using rederived vertical profiles from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio occultation (RO) measurements. Supersaturation, which affects not only local condensation but also the polar and global atmospheric dynamics, occurs when temperatures fall below the CO2 saturation point. Conventional MGS-RO retrievals suffer from uncertainties in atmospheric composition, as they do not account for CO2 depletion due to its condensation onto the seasonal polar ice caps, and from the use of fixed or empirically chosen uppermost temperatures. To address these limitations, we apply a revised retrieval scheme that incorporates a latitude- and season-dependent estimate of the CO2 mixing ratio based on Mars Odyssey GRS argon data, along with a temperature climatology derived from Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) observations aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We find that the original RO data underestimated supersaturation occurrence by 10-20% inside, and overestimated it by a similar fraction outside, the polar night. The updated profiles reveal that CO2 supersaturation commonly occurs up to 15km altitude and ∼65◦S latitude, with seasonal and vertical variations peaking before the southern winter solstice. A comparison with MCS-derived surface ice temperatures shows general consistency, although notable vertical gradients and near-surface cold layers indicate complex boundary-layer thermodynamics. These results demonstrate that reducing key assumptions in RO retrievals yields improved constraints on Martian polar processes, providing new insights into the spatial and temporal behavior of CO2 supersaturation during southern winter.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vnyy5r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 218 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Psarocolius angustifrons angustifrons"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 218 records from 25 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005133-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.spx7ua
title: The HITRAN2024 molecular spectroscopic database

description: The HITRAN database is a curated compilation of validated molecular spectroscopic parameters, established in the early 1970s. It is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of six major components. These components include the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimentally derived absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. Responding to community requests, HITRAN2024 also incorporates—for the first time—a water-vapor continuum model. This paper describes the details of the choices of data and their compilation for the 2024 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2024 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2020 (including various updates during the intervening years). The extent of the updates of the line-by-line section in the HITRAN2024 edition ranges from updating a few lines of specific molecules/isotopologues to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and six new (to HITRAN) molecules: H$_3^+$, CH$_3$, S$_2$, COFCl, HONO, ClNO$_2$. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. In addition, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often bringing the uncertainties down to unprecedented levels below 0.1\%. The HITRAN2024 edition is available through \url{www.hitran.org} as well as the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of the tools to work with the HITRAN data has been extended for the new edition.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dfzvvd
title: Time-Tronics in Photonic Systems

description: Crystalline structures in time can be observed in systems of particles that are periodically driven. In such systems, it is also possible to realize and study phenomena known from solid-state physics that are observed in the time domain. In optical systems, it is possible to realize photonic time crystals — spatially homogeneous media that, due to the periodic modulation of the refractive index in time, exhibit a band structure in the wave number. Here, we show that periodic modulation of the refractive index in a small segment of optical waveguides allows for the creation of condensed matter phases observable in the time dimension. Unlike previously considered photonic time crystals, the required frequency and depth of refractive index modulation are experimentally achievable for systems in the optical regime. This opens a pathway for optical time-tronics, i.e., research into the practical application of crystalline structures in time in optical systems.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.n7ax7o
title: Seasonality and declining intensity of methane emissions from the Permian and nearby US oil and gas basins

description: We quantify weekly methane emissions and trends from oil and gas production in the US Permian Basin for 2019–2023, and from nearby basins for 2022–2023, by analytical inversion of TROPOMI satellite observations at 25-km resolution with the Integrated Methane Inversion (IMI). Permian oil and gas emissions averaged 4.0 ± 1.1 Tg a-1 over 2019–2023, with large seasonal variation but little interannual variability. Methane intensity fell from 5.2% to 3.2% as production surged. Intensity in the New Mexico Permian fell from 5.7% to 2.6%, approaching the state’s 2026 target of &lt;2%. Emissions were on average 60% higher in the winter than summer, which we corroborate with Permian Basin Tower Network measurements, Insight M aircraft data, and GHGSat satellite observations. This seasonality may reflect higher winter emissions from the transportation and storage of produced liquids due to decreased wellhead separator efficiency in cold conditions. Similar but weaker seasonality along with decreasing emissions and intensities is observed in weekly inversions for the Anadarko, Barnett, Eagle Ford, and Haynesville basins in 2022–2023. Our work suggests that better weatherization of oil and gas facilities could significantly reduce methane emissions.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.a8kqxt
title: A U.S. Scientific Community Vision for Sustained Earth Observations of Greenhouse Gases to Support Local to Global Action

description: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to grow, while natural carbon reservoirs are becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, climate extremes, and disturbance. These changes are impacting humans, ecosystems, and natural resources worldwide. Tracking and mitigating GHG emissions require a pivot to operational monitoring of regional carbon flux and stock changes. The current GHG observing system is addressing needs at two distinct scales 1) Local scale (&lt; 1 km), related to anthropogenic point source emissions, and 2) global scales (&gt; 1000 km), related to land and ocean carbon sinks. More focus on intermediate (10–1000 km) scales is needed to more effectively monitor progress in reducing carbon emissions, enhancing removals, and maintaining sinks. Based on a workshop held in September 2024, we provide the rationale and scientific context for more effectively implementing an operational system for GHG monitoring in support of urban and national carbon management needs. To guide development of this system, we propose a multi-tiered global spaceborne observing framework for carbon flux and stock, prioritizing: 1) frequent GHG partial columns for carbon emissions and removals; 2) continuous time series and data fusion of biomass from Lidar and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for carbon stocks, and 3) expanded coverage of tropical, high latitude, and oceanic regions to monitor carbon cycle tipping points and feedbacks. This system should be complemented by expanded surface and airborne networks for oceanic and terrestrial/aquatic ecosystems for calibration, ground truthing, and study of under-sampled regions.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.c2uxl5
title: Ensemble Deep Learning for Waterbody Detection in Korea Using Capella SAR, Topography, and Land Cover Maps

description: Accurate delineation of inland waterbodies is critical for applications such as hydrological monitoring, disaster response preparedness and response, and environmental management. While optical satellite imagery is hindered by cloud cover or low-light conditions, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides consistent surface observations regardless of weather or illumination. This study introduces a deep learning-based ensemble framework for precise inland waterbody detection using high-resolution X-band Capella SAR imagery. To improve the discrimination of water from spectrally similar non-water surfaces (e.g., roads and urban structures), an 8-channel input configuration was developed by incorporating auxiliary geospatial features such as height above nearest drainage (HAND), slope, and land cover classification. Four advanced deep learning segmentation models—Proportional–Integral–Derivative Network (PIDNet), Mask2Former, Swin Transformer, and Kernel Network (K-Net)—were systematically evaluated via cross-validation. Their outputs were combined using a weighted average ensemble strategy. The proposed ensemble model achieved an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.9422 and an F1- score of 0.9703 in blind testing, indicating high accuracy. While the ensemble gains over the best single model (IoU: 0.9371) were moderate, the enhanced operational reliability through balanced Precision–Recall performance provides significant practical value for flood and water resource monitoring with high-resolution SAR imagery, particularly under data-constrained commercial satellite platforms.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.txcdp6
title: Paving the Road to the Habitable Worlds Observatory with High-Resolution Imaging I: New and Archival Speckle Observations of Potential HWO Target Stars

description: One of the key goals of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is to directly image about 25 potentially habitable exoplanets and determine their properties. This challenge will require a large survey of nearby, bright stars –∼100 according to the Astro2020 Decadel Survey. To ensure the success of the mission and to help guide design decisions, the stellar multiplicity of the target stars must be well-understood. To this end, we present optical speckle imaging of stars in the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP) provisional HWO star list, which is currently the Tier 1 target list for the HWO Target Stars and Systems Sub-Working Group. We obtained new observations using ‘Alopeke and Zorro at Gemini Observatory and queried the Exoplanet Follow-up Observing Program Archive for archival observations, resulting in speckle imaging data for 80 of the 164 stars. We confirmed one candidate companion detected previously by Gaia (HD 90089) and obtained an ambiguous detection of a known companion (HD 212330). To examine our sensitivity to companions, we simulated stellar companions down to∼ 0.1M⊙ for each target and found that 75%-85% would be detected in our speckle images; the remaining simulated companions are either too faint or too close-in, and will require follow-up using other methods such as long-term spectroscopic measurements and space-based techniques. This work represents a first step towards surveying potential HWO targets for close-in stellar companions and helping to inform the target selection process for the HWO direct-imaging survey, bringing us closer towards the discovery of potential habitable worlds.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.xpcepj
title: The impact hazard assessment for near-Earth asteroid 2024 YR4

description: Discovered by the ATLAS survey on December 27, 2024, asteroid 2024 YR4 represented one of the most significant impact risks ever detected. Roughly 60 m in size, this asteroid reached a 3% probability of impacting the Earth on December 22, 2032. We discuss the orbit and impact analyses carried by the three impact monitoring systems Sentry, Aegis, and NEODyS. The orbit solution proved to be remarkably stable and the impact probability behaved according to expectations as the uncertainty decreased thanks to additional observations, i.e., the impact probability initially increased as the Earth remained within the core of the uncertainty region and then dropped as the Earth moved towards the tail and eventually outside of the uncertainty region. Although the risk of an Earth impact has been ruled out, there remains a 4% probability of a lunar impact on December 22, 2032. To confirm or more likely rule out that possibility, we need to wait until new astrometric data become available, e.g., during the 2028 apparition.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.7ogste
title: Jupiter-like uniform metal enrichment in a system of multiple giant exoplanets

description: The accretion of icy and rocky solids during the formation of a gas giant planet is poorly constrained and challenging to model. Refractory species, like sulfur, are only present in solids in the protoplanetary disk where planets form. Measuring their abundance in planetary atmospheres is one of the most direct ways of constraining the extent and mechanism of solid accretion. Using the unprecedented sensitivity of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we measure the most detailed chemical make-up of three massive gas giants orbiting the star HR 8799 including direct detections of H2O, CO, CH4, CO2, H2S, 13CO, and C18O. We find these planets are uniformly and highly enriched in heavy elements compared to the star irrespective of their volatile (carbon and oxygen) or refractory (sulfur) nature, which strongly suggests efficient accretion of solids during their formation. This composition closely resembles that of Jupiter and Saturn and demonstrates, for the first time, that this surprising enrichment also occurs in systems of multiple gas giant planets orbiting stars beyond the Solar System. This discovery hints at a shared origin for the heavy element enrichment of giant planets across a wider range of planet masses and orbital separations than previously anticipated.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.prywx1
title: Geodetic Investigations of the Europa Clipper Mission

description: One of the objectives of the Gravity and Radio Science (G/RS) instrument on NASA’s EuropaClipper mission is to improve our knowledge of Europa’s ephemerides, to trace the moon’sthermal-orbital evolution. Here, we present a complementary methodology to use the Radarfor Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) instrument to enhancethese measurements by tracking echoes from Europa at greater distances, beyond its primaryrole of subsurface sounding during close flybys. We investigate the possibility of occasionalREASON measurements during the non-nadir phase at altitudes beyond 40,000 km to extendthe ephemerides dataset. Through radar simulations of REASON’s echoes, we evaluate anddemonstrate this approach by determining the maximum altitude for surface return detection,achieved by coherently processing hundreds to thousands of pulses within the signal’s round-triptime. The received signal’s power can be further enhanced by maximizing pulse length, targetingEuropa’s most reflective (leading sub-Jovian) hemisphere, and summing many compressedpulses. We also explore a phase shift approach for velocity measurements, which uses existingranging pulses. Using Europa Clipper’s most recent trajectory design, we identify flybys thatalign with the best working scenarios for this approach. Our performance estimates for rangeand velocity resolution demonstrate that this approach could obtain measurements relevant toEuropa’s ephemerides. This method offers key insights into Europa’s orbital evolution and,ultimately, its long-term habitability.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.2vozjg
title: ECLIPSE: An Evolutionary Computation Library for Instrumentation Prototyping in Scientific Engineering

description: Designing scientific instrumentation often requires exploring large, highly constrained design spaces using computationally expensive physics simulations. These simulators pose substantial challenges for integrating evolutionary computation (EC) into scientific design workflows, as they are optimized for accuracy and ease of use rather than throughput. We present ECLIPSE, an evolutionary computation framework built to interface directly with complex, domain-specific simulation tools while supporting flexible geometric and parametric representations of scientific hardware. ECLIPSE provides a modular architecture consisting of (1) Individuals, which encode hardware designs using domain-aware, physically constrained representations; (2) Evaluators, which prepare simulation inputs, invoke external simulators, and translate the simulators's outputs into fitness measures; and (3) Evolvers, which implement EC algorithms suitable for high-cost, limited-throughput environments. We demonstrate the utility of ECLIPSE across several active space-science applications, including evolved 3D antennas and spacecraft geometries optimized for very low Earth orbit drag conditions. We further discuss the practical challenges encountered when coupling EC with scientific simulation workflows, including interoperability constraints, parallelization limits, and extreme evaluation costs, and outline ongoing efforts to combat these challenges. ECLIPSE enables interdisciplinary teams of physicists, engineers, and EC researchers to collaboratively explore unconventional hardware designs while preserving existing scientific software ecosystems.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7tp7ux
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 946 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Prumnopitys andina"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 946 records from 89 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005134-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kq5dcd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 26 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((100.21 8.504091000000001, 100.138962 8.498518000000001, 100.069679 8.48194, 100.003863 8.454764000000001, 99.943138 8.417662, 99.88900099999999 8.371549999999999, 99.842788 8.317567, 99.805634 8.257045, 99.778452 8.191477000000001, 99.76190699999999 8.122477999999999, 99.7564 8.051748999999999, 99.762062 7.981033, 99.77874799999999 7.912069, 99.80604099999999 7.846555, 99.843266 7.786101, 99.889504 7.732194, 99.94361600000001 7.686159, 100.00427 7.649125, 100.069975 7.622004, 100.139118 7.60546, 100.21 7.599899, 100.280882 7.60546, 100.350025 7.622004, 100.41573 7.649125, 100.476384 7.686159, 100.530496 7.732194, 100.576734 7.786101, 100.613959 7.846555, 100.641252 7.912069, 100.657938 7.981033, 100.6636 8.051748999999999, 100.658093 8.122477999999999, 100.641548 8.191477000000001, 100.614366 8.257045, 100.577212 8.317567, 100.530999 8.371549999999999, 100.476862 8.417662, 100.416137 8.454764000000001, 100.350321 8.48194, 100.281038 8.498518000000001, 100.21 8.504091000000001))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 26 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005136-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v3hu6p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 71828 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is MH_WATERLAND - Western marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus, Accipitridae) breeding near the Belgium-Netherlands border"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 71828 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005101-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18338808
title: Chempointnet dataset
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18338809
title: Chempointnet dataset
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bjer8q
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 14 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-12.42255 35.67255,-10.42465 35.67255,-10.42465 37.20813,-12.42255 37.20813,-12.42255 35.67255))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Porifera"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 14 records were derived from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005098-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uywxg8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 11485333 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Odonata",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-20.000000 -37.000000, 60.000000 -37.000000, 60.000000 70.000000, -20.000000 70.000000, -20.000000 -37.000000))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 11485333 records from 6419 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005087-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/cvfkg
title: Salzburg Probe Vehicle Dataset

description: A sparse dataset of average velocities per 15 minutes for all major and a lot of minor roads in Salzburg, Austria. Features annotations of the number of vehicles supporting each value.