cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3rg5307
title: Data from: Immature gannets follow adults in commuting flocks providing a potential mechanism for social learning

description: Group travel is a familiar phenomenon among birds but the causes of this
 mode of movement are often unclear. For example, flocking flight may
 reduce flight costs, enhance predator avoidance or increase foraging
 efficiency. In addition, naive individuals may also follow older, more
 experienced conspecifics as a learning strategy. However, younger birds
 may be slower than adults so biomechanical and social effects on flock
 structure may be difficult to separate. Gannets are wide-ranging
 (100s-1000s km) colonial seabirds that often travel in V or echelon-shaped
 flocks. Tracking suggests that breeding gannets use memory to return
 repeatedly to prey patches 10s–100s km wide but it is unclear how these
 are initially discovered. Public information gained at the colony or by
 following conspecifics has been hypothesised to play a role, especially
 during early life. Here, we address two hypotheses: (1) Flocking reduces
 flight costs and (2) young gannets follow older ones in order to locate
 prey. To do so, we recorded flocks of northern gannets commuting to and
 from a large colony and passing locations offshore and used a
 biomechanical model to test for age differences in flight speeds.
 Consistent with the aerodynamic hypothesis, returning flocks were
 significantly larger than departing flocks, while, consistent with the
 information gathering hypothesis, immatures travelled in flocks more
 frequently than adults and these flocks were more likely to be led by
 adults than expected by chance. Immatures did not systematically occupy
 the last position in flocks and had similar theoretical airspeeds to
 adults, making it unlikely that they follow, rather than lead, for
 biomechanical reasons. We therefore conclude that while gannets are likely
 to travel in flocks in part to reduce flight costs, the positions of
 immatures in those flocks may result in a flow of information from adults
 to immatures, potentially resulting in social learning.
description: FlockDataFlockAndMorphData.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j2pqpy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1360942 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Amphibia",
 "Country is one of (Canada, United States of America)",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1360942 records from 43 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001894-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n016tg8
title: Data from: Making soil particle size analysis by laser diffraction compatible with standard soil texture determination methods

description: The standard sieving, pipette and hydrometer methods for soil particle
 size analysis (PSA) have three main drawbacks: procedures are tedious,
 time-consuming, and the results are protocol-dependent. Laser diffraction
 PSA delivers rapid results using standardized procedures, but so far it
 has been difficult to reconcile results with those from standard
 sedimentation methods. The objective of this study was to develop a
 protocol that would permit direct usage of laser diffraction PSA and
 render results compatible with current methods. The protocol was developed
 using standard soil samples from different textural classes. Regression of
 the laser diffraction PSA against the hydrometer/pipette method yielded
 coefficients of determination of 0.92/0.9, 0.92/0.94 and 0.99/0.99, and
 root mean square errors of 0.04/0.05, 0.07/0.06 and 0.05/0.03 for clay,
 silt and sand, respectively. These statistics are comparable to those
 obtained by regressing results of the hydrometer against the sieve and
 pipette methods. A key factor in securing accurate and precise results was
 limiting the particle size range of the samples by wet sieving the sand
 fraction. This created representative samples and stable soil dispersed
 suspensions, allowing accurate estimations of particle size distribution
 for clay and silt fractions without empirical transformations. Results
 obtained with the proposed protocol matched those of standard
 sedimentation analyses for a wide range of soils, encouraging further
 adoption of laser diffraction for soil PSA.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sq0tp3s
title: Data from: Repeatability of adaptive radiation depends on spatial scale: regional versus global replicates of stickleback in lake versus stream habitats

description: The repeatability of adaptive radiation is expected to be scale dependent,
 with determinism decreasing as greater spatial separation among
 “replicates” leads to their increased genetic and ecological independence.
 Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) provide an opportunity to
 test whether this expectation holds for the early stages of adaptive
 radiation -their diversification in freshwater ecosystems has been
 replicated many times. To better understand the repeatability of that
 adaptive radiation, we examined the influence of geographic scale on
 levels of parallel evolution by quantifying phenotypic and genetic
 divergence between lake and stream stickleback pairs sampled at regional
 (Vancouver Island) and global (North America and Europe) scales. We
 measured phenotypes known to show lake-stream divergence and used reduced
 representation genome-wide sequencing to estimate genetic divergence. We
 assessed the scale-dependence of parallel evolution by comparing effect
 sizes from multivariate models and also the direction and magnitude of
 lake-stream divergence vectors. At the phenotypic level, parallelism was
 greater at the regional than the global scale. At the genetic level,
 putative selected loci showed greater lake-stream parallelism at the
 regional than the global scale. Generally, the level of parallel evolution
 was low at both scales, except for some key univariate traits. Divergence
 vectors were often orthogonal, highlighting possible ecological and
 genetic constraints on parallel evolution at both scales. Overall, our
 results confirm that the repeatability of adaptive radiation decreases at
 increasing spatial scales. We suggest that greater environmental
 heterogeneity at larger scales imposes different selection regimes, thus
 generating lower repeatability of adaptive radiation at larger spatial
 scales.
description: Sync_filePhenotypic dataRaw phenotypic dataPhenotypic_data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j14g206
title: Data from: Bird assemblages on Amazonian river islands: patterns of species diversity and composition

description: The principles of island biogeography are rarely used to investigate the
 animal assemblages of Amazonian river islands. Here, we apply this
 approach to compare bird assemblages of Amazonian river islands with a
 variety of mainland habitats. We also examine how bird species diversity
 and composition are related to island physical attributes. Birds were
 sampled with mist nets and qualitative censuses on 11 river islands and at
 24 mainland sites on the lower reaches of the Rio Negro in the Brazilian
 Amazon. Island bird assemblages are characterized by lower species
 richness and a higher abundance of a few dominant species. Additionally,
 species composition of the islands was significantly distinct from the
 mainland, including the nearby floodplain habitats. Number of bird species
 increased with island size and habitat diversity, and decreased with
 degree of isolation. In addition, small islands tended to harbour an
 impoverished subset of the species present on larger ones. Bird species
 diversity and composition on Amazonian river islands are likely influenced
 by the ecological succession and historical events affecting island
 formation. Considering their small total area across the Amazon basin,
 these insular fluvial environments could be disproportionally threatened
 by river channel disturbances such as climate change events, and
 hydroelectric building.
description: Supplementary_materialSpreadsheet contains data on i) presence-absence of each species in each sampling unit, ii) individuals captures in each sampling units
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sh93vp2
title: Data from: Exposure to predator models during the fertile period leads to higher levels of extra-pair paternity in blue tits

description: 1) The perceived risk of predation can affect breeding behaviour and
 reduce reproductive success in prey species. Individuals exposed to
 predators may also adopt different mating tactics with potential
 consequences for the distribution of paternity in socially monogamous
 species that engage in extra-pair copulations. 2) We experimentally
 increased perceived predation risk during the fertile period in blue tits
 Cyanistes caeruleus. Every morning between nest completion and the onset
 of egg laying, we presented a model of either a predator or a non-predator
 (control) near active nestboxes. 3) Broods from pairs exposed to predators
 had higher levels of extra-pair paternity than control broods. This mainly
 resulted from a higher proportion of extra-pair offspring in broods with
 at least one extra-pair young. 4) Females exposed to predators first
 emerged from the nestbox later in the morning, stayed away from the
 nestbox for longer and were less likely to be visited at the nest by their
 social mate, but we detected no behavioural differences once the model was
 removed. 5) Our results suggest that the higher rates of extra-pair
 paternity resulted from the disruption of morning routines, which may have
 inhibited within-pair copulations or increased opportunities for females
 to engage in extra-pair copulations. We conclude that the perceived risk
 of predation can have substantial effects on levels of extra-pair
 paternity.
description: data_behaviourdata_breeding
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xyb44n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 65025 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Sporophila torqueola"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 65025 records from 110 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001891-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0d4b17
title: Data from: Rational time investment during collective decision making in Temnothorax ants

description: The study of rational choice in humans and other animals typically focuses
 on decision outcomes, but rationality also applies to decision latencies.
 For example, the smaller the difference in quality between two options,
 the faster a rational actor should decide between them. This is because
 the consequences of choosing the inferior option are less severe if the
 options are similar. Experiments have shown, however, that humans
 irrationally spend more time choosing between similar options. In this
 study, we assessed the rationality of time investment during nest site
 choice by the rock ant, Temnothorax albipennis. Previous studies have
 shown that collective decision-making allows ant colonies to avoid certain
 irrational errors. Here we show that the same is true for time investment.
 Individual ants, like humans, irrationally took more time to complete an
 emigration when choosing between two similar nests than when choosing
 between two less similar nests. Whole colonies, in contrast, rationally
 made faster decisions when the options were more similar. We discuss the
 underlying mechanisms of decision making in individuals and colonies and
 how they lead to irrational and rational time investment, respectively.
description: IrrationalTimeInvestmentDataData file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6n7675r
title: Data from: Development and validation of rapid environmental DNA (eDNA) detection methods for bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)

description: Bog turtles  Glyptemys muhlenbergii are listed as Species of
 Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) for wildlife action plans in every state
 it occurs and multi-state efforts are underway to better characterize
 extant populations and prioritize restoration efforts. However,
 traditional sampling methods can be ineffective due to the turtle’s
 wetland habitat, small size, and burrowing nature. Molecular methods, such
 as qPCR, provide the ability to overcome this challenge by effectively
 quantifying minute amounts of turtle DNA left behind in its environment
 (eDNA). Developing such methods for bog turtles has proved difficult
 partly because of the high sequence similarity between bog turtles and
 closely-related, cohabitating species, most often wood turtles ( Glyptemys
 insculpta ). Additionally, substrates containing bog turtle eDNA are often
 rich in organics or other substances that frequently inhibit both DNA
 extraction and qPCR amplification. Here, we describe the development and
 validation of a qPCR assay, BT3, targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome
 oxidase I gene that correctly identifies bog turtles with 100% specificity
 and sensitivity when tested on 201 blood samples collected from six
 species over a wide geographic range. We also developed a full-process
 internal control employing a genetically modified strain of 
 Caenorhabditis elegans  to improve DNA extraction methods, limit
 false negative results due to qPCR inhibition, and measure total DNA
 recovery from each sample. Using the internal control, we found that DNA
 recovery varied by over an order of magnitude between samples and likely
 explains the lack of bog turtle detection in some cases. Methods presented
 herein are highly-specific and may offer a more cost effective,
 non-invasive tool to supplement bog turtle population assessments in the
 eastern United States. Poor or differential DNA recovery, which remains
 unmeasured in the vast majority of eDNA studies, significantly reduced the
 ability to detect bog turtle in their natural environment.
description: DNA partitioning
 experiment field data
 2017 field data
 2018 lysing matrix
 optimization study reference DNA
 analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v5s547r
title: Data from: A tale of scale: plot but not neighbourhood tree diversity increases leaf litter ant diversity

description: 1. Diversity of producers (e.g. plants) usually increases the diversity of
 associated organisms, but the scale (i.e. the spatial area of plant
 diversity considered) at which plant diversity acts on other taxa has
 rarely been studied. Most evidence for cross-taxon diversity relations
 come from aboveground consumers that directly interact with plants. 2.
 Experimental tests of plant diversity effects on elusive organisms
 inhabiting the leaf litter layer, which are important for nutrient cycling
 and decomposition, are rare. 3. Using a large tree diversity experiment,
 we tested whether tree diversity at the larger plot (i.e. community) or
 the smaller neighbourhood scale relates to the abundance, species
 richness, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of leaf litter ants,
 which are dominant organisms in brown food webs. 4. Contrary to our
 expectations of scale-independent positive tree diversity effects, ant
 diversity increased only with plot but not neighbourhood tree diversity.
 While the exact causal mechanisms are unclear, nest relocation or
 small-scale competition among ants may explain the stronger tree diversity
 effects at the plot scale. 5. Our results indicate that even for small and
 less mobile organisms in the leaf litter, effects of tree diversity are
 stronger at relatively larger scales. The finding emphasize the importance
 of diverse forest stands, in which mixing of tree species is not
 restricted to small patches, for supporting arthropod diversity in the
 leaf litter.
description: Data for Skarbek et al.,
 A tale of scale...The dataset is described
 in the 'Readme' spreadsheet of the data file.Dataset for Skarbek et al., A
 tale of scale....xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6b5r458
title: Data from: Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider

description: Conspecific brood parasitism allows females to exploit other females’
 nests and enhance their reproductive output. Here, we test a recent
 theoretical model of how host females gain inclusive fitness from brood
 parasitism. High levels of relatedness between host and parasitizer can be
 maintained either by; 1) kin recognizing and parasitizing each other as a
 form of cooperative breeding or 2) natal philopatry and nest site fidelity
 facilitating the formation of kin groups increasing the probability of
 parasitism between relatives nesting in close proximity. To address these
 two hypotheses we genotyped feathers and hatch membranes of common eiders
 (Somateria mollissima) from western Hudson Bay, using a non-invasive
 sampling methodology. We found that most instances of brood parasitism do
 result in inclusive fitness gains. However, a greater inclusive fitness
 was gained toward the host when she was parasitized by individuals with no
 nest of their own compared to those that parasitize and nest. Further,
 females with failed nests moved an average of 492 meters from their
 previous years nest site, while successful females only moved an average
 of 13 meters. Therefore, we observed host-parasite relatedness can occur
 at levels higher than would be expected by chance even in the absence of
 kin grouping suggesting that closely related females nesting near one
 another is not essential to maintain high host-parasitizer relatedness. In
 addition, kin grouping is only a transient phenomenon that cannot occur
 every year due to the propensity for females of failed nests to nest
 farther away from their nest site in subsequent years than females with
 successful nests, which provides support for kin recognition as a more
 likely mechanism to maintain high host-parasitizer relatedness over time.
description: Hervey2019AlleleNamesFastA-formated file of allele names (as in "Hervey2019EiderGenotypes.csv") and their sequences. Allele names include the locus, length, and variant. For example, allele "Sfi01_120_A" is from locus "Sfi01", has length 120 nt, and is variant "A" of all alleles length 120 for that locus.Hervey2019EiderGenotypesComma-delimited file with genotypes for each of the eider nest bowl samples collected in 2016 and 2017.Hervey2019NestDataComma-delimited file with data for each nest.Hervey2019READMEContains descriptions for files, "Hervey2019AlleleNames.txt", "Hervey2019EiderGenotypes.csv", and "Hervey2019NestData.csv"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c8d0dg32
title: Data from: Cranial measurements of Cynomys gunnisoni

description: [No abstract entered]
description: Skull
 measurements_AMNH_CynomysMeasurements are from
 specimens of Cynomys gunnisoni housed at the AMNH. Measurements were
 collected from digital images using Image J and recorded into an Excel
 spreadsheet. The column headings include: Specimen ID, Location, Year,
 Occipital condyle, zygomatic width, total skull length, whether skull
 sutures were fused, length of the upper right tooth row, and basicranial
 length. All measurements are reported in mm.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k1q28r8d
title: Data from: Eukaryotic metatranscriptomes of alpine soils and their links to the functioning of ecosystems

description: Above-below ground interactions are crucial to the functioning of
 terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the functional
 links between plants and soil eukaryotic microorganisms. Exploring the
 genes expressed by soil micro-eukaryotes through metatranscriptomics may
 contribute to filling this knowledge gap. We applied this method to study
 two contrasting alpine soils in which plant growth rates differ, owing to
 different snow-cover durations. Soil polyA+ RNAs from Late Snow Melt site
 (LSM) and Early Snow Melt site (ESM) was used to generate two libraries of
 ~ 40000 putative mRNA reads using the Roche 454 technology. Using a
 combination of annotation pipelines, 38% of these putative mRNA reads were
 successfully assigned to specific functions. Fungal proteins were most
 abundant, but plant and animal proteins were also frequently observed.
 Between 600 and 900 enzymes were listed for each soil. Collector’s curves
 indicated that sampling was partial, yet the representation of some
 proteins was sufficient to highlight differences between ESM and LSM
 metabolic pathways. Both ribosomal structural proteins and ubiquitin
 ligases were under-represented in ESM, suggesting a decrease in both
 translation and protein degradation rates. Several enzymes involved in
 glucose catabolism were also under-represented in ESM. These differences
 in gene expression point towards a slower use of cellular energy
 belowground in the habitats dominated by slow-growing plants. Our study
 thus opens up new perspectives for linking above- and belowground
 functional traits and for assessing the genes involved in the carbon cycle
 by using metatranscriptomics.
description: ESM_LSM
 MIMARKScontextual data for
 accompanying DNA sequencesribo_baits_v1.fastaribHits_ESM.fastaribHits_LSM.fastaput_mRNA_ESM.fastaput_mRNA_LSM.fasta
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b6t13
title: Data from: Mortality in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses: Data from Two Cohorts, 1875-1924 & 1994-2010.

description: Objective: To investigate mortality rates in schizophrenia and related
 psychoses. Design: Data from two epidemiologically complete cohorts of
 patients presenting for the first time to mental health services in North
 Wales for whom there are at least 1, and up to 10 year follow up data have
 been used to calculate survival rates and standardized mortality rates for
 schizophrenia and related psychoses. Setting: The North Wales Asylum
 Denbigh (archived patient case notes) and the North West Wales District
 General Hospital psychiatric unit. Population: Cohort 1: The North Wales
 Asylum Denbigh (archived patient case notes). Of 3168 patients admitted to
 the North Wales Asylum Denbigh 1875-1924, 1074 had a schizophrenic or
 related psychosis. Cohort 2: Patients admitted between 1994 and 2010 to
 the North West Wales District General Hospital psychiatric unit, of whom
 355 had first admissions for schizophrenia or related psychoses. Results:
 We found a 10 year survival probability of 75% in the historical cohort
 and a 90% survival probability in the contemporary cohort with a 4-fold
 increase in standardised mortality rates in schizophrenia and related
 psychoses in both historical and contemporary periods. Suicide is the
 commonest cause of death in schizophrenia in the contemporary period (SMR
 35), while tuberculosis was the commonest cause historically (SMR 9). In
 the contemporary data, deaths from cardiovascular causes arise in the
 elderly and deaths from suicide in the young. Conclusions: Contemporary
 mortality rates in schizophrenia and related psychoses are high but there
 are particular hazards and windows of risk that enable interventions. The
 data point to possible interventions in the incident year of treatment
 that could give patients with schizophrenia a normal life expectancy.
description: Healy et al All
 Psychoses Standardised Mortality RatioStandardised Mortality
 Ratio (SMRs) figures/calculations for ALL patients with a diagnosis of
 psychosis.Healy et al
 Schizophrenia Standardised Mortality RatioStandardised Mortality
 Ratio (SMRs) figures/calculations for ALL patients with a diagnosis of
 SCHIZOPHRENIA only.Healy et al Incidence of
 Psychoses SMRsStandardised Mortality
 Ratio (SMRs) figures/calculations for incidence of
 psychoses.