cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g34ecq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1832064 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is one of (Europe, Asia, Africa)",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Rana temporaria, Rana italica, Rana dalmatina, Salamandrina perspicillata, Triturus carnifex, Salamandra salamandra, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Pelophylax ridibundus, Hyla intermedia, Hyla meridionalis, Bufo bufo, Bufotes viridis)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1832064 records from 2875 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007498-260221153910048/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/ebg-mc9-t50
title: Hibolithes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5hh-4j9-fkj
title: Hibolithes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/c88-vaj-vc3
title: Pseudobelus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pa1-nst-x36
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/qme-d21-cyx
title: Griesbachites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gza-t48-x59
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yaj-273-9yd
title: Muntiacus muntjak (Zimmermann, 1780)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/157-6w0-asp
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hae-xxh-lj4
title: †Globigerinatella insueta Cushman & Stainforth, 1945

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3gp-pcy-vhh
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nka-zj7-71r
title: Duvalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1rk-wxh-072
title: Teschenites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/651-ajp-5yt
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/n7z-79g-hd2
title: †Eryon Desmarest, 1822

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nwb-t7b-p20
title: Equus (Equus) caballus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yc6-8ra-r33
title: †Cladiscites crassestriatus (von Mojsisovics, 1873)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yjc-z9z-t87
title: Halorites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/s8z-zgy-888
title: Neohibolites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0n3-hhj-0wq
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/c80-brj-vkm
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/nep-qc5-wmh
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0k8-h41-266
title: Rodentia Bowdich, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hkk-gmg-el2
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y1n-gja-w78
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hx2-4e1-whw
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pw1-dw9-npy
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/tx6-cmg-2d8
title: Agathiceras

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vj5-rs4-hbk
title: †Metalegoceras sundaicum (Haniel, 1915)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g35-05h-e8r
title: †Metalegoceras sundaicum (Haniel, 1915)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/gmj-dt5-tnq
title: Olcostephanus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dyb-xkn-007
title: †Lunulites Lamarck, 1816

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/a50-l7q-y32
title: Vincularia Defrance, 1829

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/f23-k8z-ctq
title: †Stamenocella cuvieri (von Hagenow, 1851)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1gh-phy-69e
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vyz-b9w-gg1
title: Hibolithes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/966-mm9-4y1
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fz7-ctj-rrk
title: †Atrypa Dalman, 1828

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/v28-hx4-pel
title: Proboscidea Illiger, 1811

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/q34-svb-jrp
title: Duvalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/qta-td1-rjz
title: Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/r08-sa8-l59
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/s5j-h1z-l4n
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dn9-vy1-3sr
title: †Hemiaster Desor in Agassiz & Desor, 1847

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/tfd-yyk-dvf
title: Crocodylus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wdr-x2p-dmq
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yw7-y3v-jma
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/exk-tqw-w26
title: Metzgeria Norman, 1879

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/eriwp2
title: ZAC_L_hour.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:06
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/iakyoq
title: ZAC_L_day.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:06
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/kfvixv
title: ZAC_L_month.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:07
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/xq2x7a
title: ZAC_L_hour.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:07
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/u2veuc
title: TUN_hour.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:08
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/u3ravq
title: ZAC_L_day.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:07
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/ibthcs
title: TUN_month.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:08
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/8blx1q
title: TUN_month.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:08
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/uonpaz
title: TUN_day.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:09
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/jzcimc
title: TUN_day.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:09
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/djxtr1
title: TUN_hour.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:09
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/tri3pe
title: LYN_L_hour.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:10
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bjbpdp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Lecanora inamoena)",
 "Country is one of (Norway)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 1000",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1986",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Fossil"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is Machine Observation"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0025125-260208012135463/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/une6eu
title: LYN_L_hour.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:10
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18673868
title: 2024 Moss Bag Data

description: Spreadsheet containing data about moss sources, preparation, and location of samples, plus data from XRF analysis of all samples.  Data in support of 

"Green Guardians: Mosses as Potential Low-Cost Biomonitors of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Chicago", a paper in preparation.
description: Included are presentations from previous years' work.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/gvyjc6
title: LYN_L_day.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:10
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15097659
title: 2024 Moss Bag Data

description: Spreadsheet containing data about moss sources, preparation, and location of samples, plus data from XRF analysis of all samples.  Data in support of 

"Green Guardians: Mosses as Potential Low-Cost Biomonitors of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Chicago", a paper in preparation.
description: Included are presentations from previous years' work.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/wovvwt
title: LYN_L_month.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:11
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18674337
title: THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE BARRIERS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

description: This  study investigates the impact of language barriers on the academic performance of University students in non-native English-speaking contexts. As English has become the dominant medium of instruction in higher education worldwide, many students are required to study complex academic subjects in a second language . This situation often creates linguistic challenges that affect comprehension participation assessment outcomes and overall academic achievement .The research employs a mixed methods approach combining survey data and academic performance indicators to explore how language-related difficulties influence students learning experiences . The findings indicate that limited academic vocabulary low-speaking confidence and insufficient writing skills are among the primary factors negatively affecting academic performance . Additionally the study highlights the importance of institutional language support effective teaching strategies and digital learning tools in reducing the impact of language barriers . The results contribute to the existing literature on English as a Medium of instruction ( EMI )and provide more practical and good recommendations for educators and policy makers seeking to improve educational equity and learning outcomes in multilingual higher education environments.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18674338
title: THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE BARRIERS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

description: This  study investigates the impact of language barriers on the academic performance of University students in non-native English-speaking contexts. As English has become the dominant medium of instruction in higher education worldwide, many students are required to study complex academic subjects in a second language . This situation often creates linguistic challenges that affect comprehension participation assessment outcomes and overall academic achievement .The research employs a mixed methods approach combining survey data and academic performance indicators to explore how language-related difficulties influence students learning experiences . The findings indicate that limited academic vocabulary low-speaking confidence and insufficient writing skills are among the primary factors negatively affecting academic performance . Additionally the study highlights the importance of institutional language support effective teaching strategies and digital learning tools in reducing the impact of language barriers . The results contribute to the existing literature on English as a Medium of instruction ( EMI )and provide more practical and good recommendations for educators and policy makers seeking to improve educational equity and learning outcomes in multilingual higher education environments.
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/cssnxd
title: LYN_L_day.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:11
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/gn3uva
title: LYN_L_month.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:11
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/iflfar
title: TAS_U_month.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:12
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/nan1ej
title: TAS_U_hour.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:12
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/akt2bd
title: TAS_U_day.csv

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:12
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/gzr3wo
title: TAS_U_month.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:13
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/0wvbtx
title: TAS_U_day.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:13
DOI: 10.22008/fk2/iw73uu/tfopvu
title: TAS_U_hour.nc

description: Uploaded with pyDataverse 2025-12-01 14:13
DOI: 10.48322/b5t1-b454
title: Vega 2 solar wind parameters (20-min)

description: This data set is a 20-min-resolution collection of solar wind plasma parameters from the interplanetary phases of the Soviet Vega 2 mission to Comet Halley. The data consist of proton flow speeds, densities and temperatures determined by fitting counts-vs-energy data measured on the sunward-looking electrostatic analyzer to a convecting Maxwellian. There are actually two sets of parameters, one ("linear") obtained by minimizing the sum of squares of measured and modelled counts and the other ("log") used logs of counts rather than counts themselves. Also included are numbers of energy intervals used in the linear and log determinations less than and greater than the spectral peaks. The data are at 20-min resolution because the during cruise phase only one or two 10-sec spectra were determined every 20 minutes. Further, the data have long gaps between the first and last days of coverage. The major data gaps are +---------------------------------------------------------------+   Vega 1:   Vega 2:    ----------------------------------------------------------------+   85/04/20 - 85/07/23   85/04/16 - 85/07/24     85/12/21 - 86/01/05   85/09/27 - 85/11/27     86/04/29 - 86/08/04   85/12/03 - 86/02/20       86/02/23 - 86/03/06   +----------------------------------------------------------------+ Discussions of this investigation are found in Gringauz et al (Nature, v321, p282, 1986), Galeev et al (JGR, v93, p7527, 1988) and references therein.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18671537
title: Hydroclimatic significance of drip water δ18O in humid Mediterranean karst: implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstruction

description: Isotopic and climatic dataset for monthly precipitation samples collected in the Apuan Alps (Italy) from 2019 to 2022 and included in the work "Hydroclimatic significance of drip water δ18O in humid Mediterranean karst: implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstruction" by Natali et al. 2026
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18671536
title: Hydroclimatic significance of drip water δ18O in humid Mediterranean karst: implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstruction

description: Isotopic and climatic dataset for monthly precipitation samples collected in the Apuan Alps (Italy) from 2019 to 2022 and included in the work "Hydroclimatic significance of drip water δ18O in humid Mediterranean karst: implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstruction" by Natali et al. 2026
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zh7uh4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Indosasa laotica (A.Camus) C.S.Chao & Renvoize"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031445-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3dhg4p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003515-180824113759888/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nyiyvq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029669-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pn87jv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23907875 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23907875 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0193734-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y42zkx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Akysis varius Ng & Kottelat, 1998",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031449-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ydgwsz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0042146-180508205500799/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.oajvp0
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029654-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qdxbgb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23907875 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23907875 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0193824-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w6h2zu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 644 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Impatiens burtonii Hook.fil."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 644 records from 30 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031438-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.si0yje
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003517-180824113759888/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vo6qw9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is (Table 1) Proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seropositive arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) by age group and geographic area"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029670-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zqwh4n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23907875 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23907875 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0194144-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.