DOI: 10.6071/m3768b
title: Data from: Rethinking sustainability in seafood: synergies and trade-offs between fisheries and climate change

description: In the manuscript entitled, "Rethinking sustainability in seafood:
 synergies and trade-offs between fisheries and climate change", we
 quantified the climate forcing per unit fish protein associated
 with several different U.S. tuna fishing fleets, among the most important
 capture fisheries by both volume and value. The fishing fleets include
 the U.S. purse seine that operates in the Western Central Pacific
 Fisheries Commission convention area, the U.S. North Pacific albacore
 surface gear (which includes both troll and pole-and-line), the Hawaii
 longline, the American Samoa longline, the Hawaii troll fleet,
 and the American Samoa troll fleet. Here, we provide the
 additional supporting information (Appendices A and B) and the
 materials we used to make the figures. In Appendix A, we include catch
 statistics tables. In Appendix B, we include total fuel-cycle climate
 forcing tables and figures. Our climate forcing estimates include
 crude oil extraction, and crude oil refining phases of the fuel cycle over
 a span of 20 years (1996-2015). Our analysis includes multiple marine
 fuels (distillates and heavy fuel oil), fishing territories, engine types,
 and time horizons (20-y and 100-y). In addition, we provide the materials
 used to make the figures in the main manuscript and the supplementary
 material.
description: <i>Appendix A: Catch statistics</i>
 We
 obtained catch statistics for each fleet operating within
 their respective domains (Tables A1-A6) and for fleet fishing activity
 within the U.S. EEZ (Tables A6 and A7) and fleet fishing activity outside
 the U.S. EEZ (Tables A6 and A8) (WPRFMC, 2012; WPRFMC, 2015; PFMC, 2017;
 NOAA Fisheries, 2017; WPRFMC, 2017).
 <i>Appendix B: Total fuel-cycle emissions
 model</i> We estimated the relative
 contributions to each climate forcing constituent (e.g.
 CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>,
 N<sub>2</sub>O, NOx, SOx, black carbon, and organic carbon)
 for the crude oil refinery process. We used PRELIM (Abella and Bergerson,
 2012) to simulate the fuel product densities, lower heating values, and
 GHGs for our analysis (Tables B1-B7). In our simulations, we selected 62
 different oil field assays, two different refinery types (hydro-cracking
 and coking), and a variety of refinery configurations for each product
 slate (Table B8). To reflect differences depending on the conversion
 configuration, we used a mix of refinery processes and fuel blends to
 achieve the desired fuel quality (sulfur levels) for each marine fuel by
 weighting the refinery simulation outputs (refinery GHG emissions, lower
 heating values, and the fuel densities) by the frequency of occurrences of
 a particular oil field assay in the refinery emissions analysis (Table
 B9). We used the mean values and 95% confidence intervals for the crude
 oil refinery GHG emission factors, fuel product lower heating values, fuel
 product densities (Table S8), and GWPs (Table S9) as inputs to Equation
 S5. Results by fuel type and sulfur level are presented in Figure
 B1. We estimated the relative
 contributions to each climate forcing constituent for the crude oil
 extraction phase. We matched the crude extraction emissions to the
 corresponding oil field assays used in our refinery emissions analysis. As
 inputs to Equation S5, we used the crude oil extraction emissions data
 from the literature and technical reports (Table B10) (COWI et al., 2014;
 Brandt et al., 2015; Duffy, 2015; Gordon et al., 2015; Tormodsgard,
 2015) and allocated the crude oil GHG emissions by climate forcing
 constituent using the pump-to-well crude oil emission factor provided in
 the
 Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation
 model (Wang, 2011). Results by fuel type and sulfur level are
 presented in Figure B2. We
 estimated the relative contributions to each climate forcing constituent
 of the vessel-exhaust phase. To estimate the long-lived climate forcing
 vessel-exhaust emissions of the U.S. tuna fleet we used emission factors
 and GWPs from technical reports and the literature. We calculated the
 aerosol short-lived climate forcing pollutant emissions from plume
 sampling studies for medium-speed diesel (MSD) and high-speed engines
 (HSD), respectively (Lack et al., 2008; Petzold et al., 2011; Buffaloe et
 al., 2014; Cappa et al., 2014). Results by fuel type and sulfur level are
 presented in Figure B3. Our total fuel-cycle climate
 forcing calculation is the sum of climate forcing from the oil refinery,
 oil extraction, and vessel-exhaust phases of the fuel
 cycle. We calculated the total fuel-cycle climate forcing
 overtime (1996-2015) by marine fuel type (distillates and heavy fuel oil),
 fishing territory (U.S. exclusive economic zone and high seas), and engine
 type (MSD and HSD) on a 20-y and 100-y time horizon. To construct
 historical (1996-2015) fuel sulfur levels for each fishing territory, we
 used data found in technical reports, the literature, and statistics from
 the U.S. Energy Information Administration (Tables B11 and B12). We used
 weighting factors to estimate the mean net (sum of all constituents) total
 fuel-cycle climate forcing associated with ships burning HFO and
 distillates in the U.S. EEZ and the high seas (Table B13-B16). Results by
 fuel type and sulfur level are presented in Figure
 B4. <em>Figures for the main
 manuscript and the supplementary materials</em>
 For Figure 1 in the main manuscript, we included the QGIS file
 code and shapefiles used to make the maps. The land polygons for Figure 1
 are available at the following
 link: http://openstreetmapdata.com/data/land-polygons. For Figures 3-8, we
 included the Rstudio files and supporting data frames. We also included
 the spreadsheet we used to make figures S1 and S2.
 References Abella, JP and Bergerson, JA. 2012.
 Model to Investigate Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Implications of
 Refining Petroleum: Impacts of Crude Quality and Refinery Configuration.
 <i>Environ Sci Technol </i><b>46</b>(24):
 13037-13047 DOI: 10.1021/es3018682. Brandt, AR, Sun, Y
 and Vafi, K. 2015. Uncertainty in Regional-Average Petroleum GHG
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 gas. Brussels: European Commission, DG Ener. Duffy, J.
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 Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board.
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 International Peace. Available at:
 http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:policyfile&rft_dat=xri:policyfile:article:00174824. Lack, D, Lerner, B, Granier, C, Baynard, T, Lovejoy, E, et al. 2008. Light absorbing carbon emissions from commercial shipping. <i>Geophys Res Lett </i><b>35</b>(13) DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033906. NOAA Fisheries. 2017. The Western Pacific Fisheries Information Network: Catch, Effort and CPUE by Selected Gears [database]. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: Pacific Island Fisheries Center, NOAA Fisheries. Available at: https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/wpacfin/Catch-and-Effort-Data.php. Petzold, A, Lauer, P, Fritsche, U, Hasselbach, J, Lichtenstern, M, et al. 2011. Operation of Marine Diesel Engines on Biogenic Fuels: Modification of Emissions and Resulting Climate Effects. <i>Environ Sci Technol </i><b>45</b>(24): 10394-10400 DOI: 10.1021/es2021439. PFMC. 2017. Catch of Albacore by Canadian and U.S. Albacore Troll and Pole-and-Line Vessels in the North Pacific Ocean. Portland, Oregon, USA: Pacific Fishery Management Council. Available at https://www.pcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/US_CAN_DWG_Table1__90417l.htm. Tormodsgard, Y. 2015. Facts 2014: The Norwegian Petroleum Sector. Norway: Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. Wang, M. 2011. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) Model Software: GREET 1. Argonne, Illinois, US: Argonne National Laboratories. Available at: https://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php. WPRFMC. 2017. Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) Report Pacific Island Pelagic Fisheries 2015. Honolulu, HI, USA: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. Available at: http://www.wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2017-01-31_Final-2015-SAFE-Report.pdf. WPRFMC. 2015. Pelagic Fish of Western Pacific Region 2013 Annual Report. Honolulu, HI, USA: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. Available at: http://www.wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/2013-Pelagics-Annual-Report_Final.pdf. WPRFMC. 2012. Pelagic Fish of Western Pacific Region 2010 Annual Report. Honolulu, HI, USA: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. Available at: http://www.wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2010-Pelagic-Annual-report-Final.pdf.
description: The attached appendices and supporting data for the figures in
 the main manuscript and the supplementary material are provided to ensure
 the reproducibility of our study. There are no missing values in the input
 files. Please see embedded comments in the code provided with the Rstudio
 files.