DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cg7t
title: Data from: Diosmin and its glycocalyx restorative and anti-inflammatory effects on injured blood vessels

description: Endothelium, a crucial homeostatic organ, regulates vascular permeability
 and tone. Under physiological conditions, endothelial stimulation induces
 vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) release and prevents adhesion
 molecule accessibility and leukocyte adhesion and migration into vessel
 walls. Endothelium dysfunction is a principal event in cardiovascular
 disorders, including atherosclerosis. Hence, current therapies focus on
 endothelium repair to prevent downstream cardiovascular events. However,
 minimal attention is given to the restoration of mechanotransducer
 endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), a negatively charged heterogeneous
 polysaccharide, which covers and protects endothelial cells. Endothelial
 GCX shedding plays a role in endothelial dysfunction, increasing vascular
 permeability and decreasing vessel tone. Diosmin, a flavone glycoside of
 diosmetin, downregulates adhesive molecule expression, decreases
 inflammation and capillary permeability, and upregulates eNO expression.
 Due to these pleiotropic effects of diosmin on the vasculature, a possible
 unidentified mechanism of action is through GCX restoration. Diosmin
 effect on GCX and endothelial function were assessed in a partial ligation
 left carotid artery (LCA) mouse model where the right carotid artery was
 the control for each mouse. Diosmin (50 mg/kg) was administered daily for
 7 days, 48 hours after ligation. Within the ligated mice LCAs, diosmin
 treatment elevated the activated eNO synthase level, inhibited
 inflammatory cell uptake, decreased vessel wall thickness, increased
 vessel diameter, and increased GCX coverage of the vessel wall. ELISA
 showed a decrease in hyaluronan concentration in plasma samples of
 diosmin-treated mice, signifying reduced GCX shedding. In summary, diosmin
 supported endothelial GCX integrity, which preserved endothelial function
 by attenuating expression of inflammatory factors and restoring vascular
 tone.
description: ImageJ was utilized to quantify all immunohistochemical images,
 while GraphPad Prism was utilized to create graphs and conduct statistical
 analysis. 
description: Sheet one describes average percent area coverage of p-eNOS
 (active) in mouse carotid arteries. Sheet two describes average percent
 area coverage of total eNOS in mouse carotid arteries. Sheet three
 describes active/total eNOS (%) of each mouse, which is then normalized by
 the control group (diosmin:control). Sheet four describes vessel diameter
 and vessel wall thickness of each mouse. Sheet five describes macrophage
 uptake (CD68) within vessel walls of each mouse. Sheet six describes ELISA
 analysis of hyaluronic acid of plasma blood samples of mice. Sheet seven
 and eight describes glyocalyx expression via wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)
 which was used to calculate percent area coverage of glycocalyx in mouse
 vessel. Sheet nine describes WGA transversal thickness on the endothelium.
 Sheet ten describes hyaluronic acid (HA), component of the glycocalyx,
 expression on the endothelium. Sheet eleven describes the transversal
 thickness of HA on the endothelium. Sheet twelve describes the percent
 area coverage (%) of core protein syndecan-1 on the endothelium. Sheet
 thirteen describes the transversal thickness of synedcan-1 present on the
 endothelium.