DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m37pvmdg3
title: Data and code from: The evolution of proboscis length and feeding behavior in hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

description: Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) display some of the most extraordinary
 and iconic morphological adaptations. They are well known to have long
 proboscides, which have evolved to obtain nectar from flowers with deep
 tubes. Proboscides of some hawkmoths reach nearly five times their body
 length, but other species have mouthparts that have become completely
 non-functional. Adult nectar feeding is thought to have been gained and
 lost multiple times across the family, but has never been formally tested.
 Here, we examine this evolution of proboscis length and feeding behavior.
 We constructed a dated phylogeny of Sphingidae using a 537-locus anchored
 hybrid enrichment dataset, sampling 168 of the 205 sphingid genera (~82
 %). We inferred a robust phylogeny and conducted ancestral state
 reconstructions of adult feeding behavior, revealing the evolution of
 feeding gains and losses. Our results show that adult feeding in hawkmoths
 first evolved around 44 million years ago, with the sphingid subfamilies
 diverging from one another during the Eocene. We found that hawkmoth
 feeding behavior evolved independently, multiple times over the
 evolutionary history of this family. This research provides a novel
 contribution to understanding the evolution and ecology of an economically
 and environmentally important insect lineage.
description: # Data and code from: The evolution of proboscis length and feeding
 behavior in hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.m37pvmdg3](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m37pvmdg3) ##
 Description of the data and file structure These data were used for
 building a time-calibrated phylogeny of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera:
 Sphingidae) and performing an ancestral state reconstruction to study the
 evolutionary history of proboscis length and feeding behavior. ### Files
 and variables #### File: Sphingidae_supermatrix.fas
 **Description:** Concatenated alignment of AHE loci used for phylogenetic
 analysis in IQ-TREE. #### File: Sphingidae_supermatrix_partitions.txt
 **Description:** Partition file listing the order of the AHE loci and
 their codon positions in the Sphingidae_supermatrix FASTA file. #### File:
 Sphingidae_iqtree.best_model.nex **Description:** Nexus file listing the
 best fit substitution models determined by ModelFinder. #### File:
 iqtree_x10runs_mltree.treefile **Description:** Maximum likelihood tree
 obtained from 10 independent IQ-TREE runs. #### File:
 mcmctree_Sphingidae_supermatrix.phy **Description:** Phylip formatted
 supermatrix with tips renamed to match names in the calibrated input tree
 for the mcmctree dating analysis. #### File: mcmctree_calibrated_tree.tre
 **Description:** Treefile with secondary calibrations included at select
 nodes for the dating analysis in mcmctree. #### File:
 mcmctree_config_step1.ctl **Description:** Configuration file for the
 first step of the mcmctree dating analysis. This is used to estimate
 branch lengths with approximate likelihood to generate out.BV and in.BV
 files which are relevant to the second step of the mcmctree pipeline. ####
 File: mcmctree_config_step2.ctl **Description:** Configuration file for
 the second step of the mcmctree dating analysis. This file controls the
 mcmc-based divergence time estimation run. #### File:
 mcmctree_dated_tree.tre **Description:** Dated phylogeny obtained from the
 mcmctree analysis. #### File: mcmctree_dated_tree_tips_renamed.tre
 **Description:** Version of the dated phylogeny obtained from the mcmctree
 analysis with the tip names modified. This file is the one referenced in
 the ASR_dated_tree_Christian_full_analysis R script. #### File:
 Proboscis_CM_NEW_outgroups_coded_newnames.csv **Description:** Proboscis
 measurements (in mm) recorded across taxa. To be used for trait mapping
 with contMap. Variables include Tip Names and Length. #### File:
 Feeding_Data_SIMMAP_shortnames.csv **Description:** Matrix of feeding
 states observed across taxa. To be used for trait mapping with
 make.simmap. Variables include taxon and state. #### File:
 phylogenetic_analysis_code.txt **Description:** This document contains
 Slurm scripts for executing various stages of the iqtree and mcmctree
 analyses. #### File: ASR_dated_tree_Christian_full_analysis.R
 **Description:** R-script that contains code to run the discrete and
 continuous trait mapping analyses using the dated phylogeny from mcmctree
 (version: mcmctree_dated_tree_tips_renamed.tre).