DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x9t
title: Attitudes toward seeking mental health services and use of mobile technology survey

description: Objective: This study aimed to understand Black American women’s attitudes
 toward seeking mental health services and using mobile technology to
 receive support for managing anxiety and depression. Methods: A
 self-administered web-based questionnaire was launched in October 2019 and
 closed in January 2020. Women who identify as Black/African American were
 eligible to participate. The survey consisted of approximately 70
 questions and covered topics such as attitudes toward seeking professional
 psychological help, acceptability of using a mobile phone to receive
 mental health care, and screening for anxiety and depression. Results -
 Anxiety: The findings of the study (N=395) showed that younger Black women
 were more likely to have greater severity of anxiety than their older
 counterparts. Respondents were most comfortable with the use of a voice
 call or video call to communicate with a professional to receive support
 to manage anxiety in comparison to text messaging or mobile app. Younger
 age, higher income, and greater scores for psychological openness and
 help-seeking propensity increased the odds of indicating agreement with
 using mobile technology to communicate with a professional. Black women in
 the South region of the U.S. had twice the odds of agreeing to the use of
 mobile apps than women in the Midwest and Northeast regions. Results -
 Depression: The results showed that younger Black women were more likely
 to have greater severity of depression than their older counterparts. The
 results also revealed that Black women have favorable views toward seeking
 mental health services. Respondents were the most comfortable with the use
 of voice calls or video calls to communicate with a professional to
 receive support for managing depression in comparison with SMS text
 messaging or mobile apps. The results revealed that higher help-seeking
 propensity increased the odds of indicating agreement with the use of
 voice calls and video calls to communicate with a professional to receive
 support for managing depression by 27% and 38%, respectively. However, no
 statistically significant odds ratios (all P&gt;.05) were found
 between help-seeking propensity and respondents’ agreement to use mobile
 apps or SMS text messaging. Moderate to severe depression severity
 increased the odds of using mobile apps to communicate with a professional
 to receive support for managing depression by 43%; however, no
 statistically significant odds ratios existed for the other modalities.
 Privacy and confidentiality, communication issues (eg, misinterpreting
 text), and the impersonal feeling of communicating by mobile phone (eg,
 SMS text messaging) were the primary concerns. Discussion: Black American
 women, in general, have favorable views toward the use of mobile
 technology to receive support to manage anxiety and depression.
 Conclusion: Preferences and cultural appropriateness of resources should
 be assessed on an individual basis to increase the likelihood of adoption
 of and engagement with digital mental health interventions for management
 of anxiety and depression. 
description: This README file was generated on 2023-10-04 by Dr. Terika McCall. ##
 GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental
 Health Services and Use of Mobile Technology Survey. 2. Author Information
 A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Terika McCall
 Institution: Division of Health Informatics, Department of Biostatistics,
 Yale School of Public Health Address: 60 College Street, New Haven, CT,
 06510, United States Email: terika.mccall@yale.edu 3. Date of data
 collection (single date, range, approximate date): October 2019 to January
 2020 4. Geographic location of data collection: United States 5.
 Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the
 data: RO1 LM013477, T15 LM012500 ## SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1.
 Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: None 2. Links to publications
 that cite or use the data: <br> McCall T, Foster M, Schwartz TA.
 Attitudes toward seeking mental health services and mobile technology to
 support the management of depression among Black American women:
 cross-sectional survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Jul 19;25:e45766.
 doi: 10.2196/45766. PMID: 37467027; PMCID: PMC10398364. <br> McCall
 T, Foster M, Tomlin HR, Schwartz TA. Black American women’s attitudes
 toward seeking mental health services and use of mobile technology to
 support the management of anxiety. JAMIA Open. 2023;6(4).
 doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad088. PMID: 37860603; PMCID: PMC10582519. 3.
 Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None 4.
 Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: None 5. Was data derived from
 another source? No A. If yes, list source(s): NA 6. Recommended citation
 for this dataset: McCall, Terika et al. (2023). Attitudes Toward Seeking
 Mental Health Services and Use of Mobile Technology Survey [Dataset].
 Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x9t ## DATA & FILE
 OVERVIEW 1. File List: <br> A) ASMHS\_TECH\_SURVEY\_final.csv 2.
 Relationship between files, if important: None 3. Additional related data
 collected that was not included in the current data package: None 4. Are
 there multiple versions of the dataset? No A. If yes, name of file(s) that
 was updated: NA i. Why was the file updated? NA ii. When was the file
 updated? NA
 #########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: ASMHS\_TECH\_SURVEY\_final.csv 1. Number of
 variables: 171 (not including variables removed from data file) 2. Number
 of cases/rows: 395 3. Variable List: Question # as shown in Supplementary
 File 1 (OR 'DERIVED'): Variable Name : Question Label (if
 applicable) : Option Values; If no question #, variable is derived from
 another question or combination of questions ``` * 1 : Q2 : Do you
 consider yourself Hispanic or Latino? : Yes (1), No (2) * (REMOVED FROM
 DATA FILE. Q1_3 = Yes for all participants.) 2 : Q1_1 : Which of the
 following describe you? Select all that apply: American Indian or Alaskan
 Native : Yes (1) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. Q1_3 = Yes for all
 participants.) 2 : Q1_2 : Which of the following describe you? Select all
 that apply: Asian : Yes (2) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. Q1_3 = Yes for all
 participants.) 2 : Q1_3 : Which of the following describe you? Select all
 that apply: Black or African American : Yes (3) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE.
 Q1_3 = Yes for all participants.) 2 : Q1_4 : Which of the following
 describe you? Select all that apply: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific
 Islander : Yes (4) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. Q1_3 = Yes for all
 participants.) 2 : Q1_5 : Which of the following describe you? Select all
 that apply: White : Yes (5) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. Q1_3 = Yes for all
 participants.) 2 : Q1_6 : Which of the following describe you? Select all
 that apply: Prefer Not to Answer : Yes (6) * 3 : Q4 : What is your age? :
 * (DERIVED) : Age_CAT : Not applicable : Q4 dichotomized (18-24, 25-34,
 45-54, 55-64, 65+) * (DERIVED) : Age_50_CAT : Not applicable : Q4
 dichotomized (LessThan50, 50+) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. Q5 = 1 for all
 participants.) 4 : Q5 : Which best describes your gender? - Selected
 Choice : Female (1), Male (2), Gender Variant/Non-Conforming (7) *
 (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. Q5 = 1 for all participants.) 4 : Q5_3_TEXT :
 Which best describes your gender? - Not Listed, please specify - Text :
 Not Listed (3) * (REMOVED FROM DATA FILE. See EDUCAT.) 5 : Q54 : What is
 the highest level of education that you have completed? : Less than high
 school diploma (1) Bachelors degree or higher (6) * 6 : Q87 : Which
 category best describes your current annual household income (i.e., per
 year)? Be sure to include income from all sources, such as salary and
 wages, child support, interest, public assistance, and pensions. : Less
 than $10,000Â (1),$10,000 â€“ 24,999Â (2), $25,000 â€“ 49,999Â (3),
 $50,000 â€“ 100,000Â (4), More than $100,000Â (5) * (DERIVED) : Income_CAT
 : Not applicable : Q87: 1 = 'Less than $10,000' or '$10,000
 - 24,999', 2=$25,000-49,000, 3='$50,000-100,000',
 4='More than $100,000' * 7a : Q78_1 : Over the last 2 weeks, how
 often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Little
 interest or pleasure in doing things. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1),
 More than half the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7b : Q78_2 : Over the
 last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following
 problems? - Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless. : Not at all (0),
 Several Days (1), More than half the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7c :
 Q78_3 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of
 the following problems? - Trouble falling or staying asleep, sleeping too
 much. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days (2),
 Nearly every day (3) * 7d : Q78_4 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often have
 you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Feeling tired or
 having little energy. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half
 the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7e : Q78_5 : Over the last 2 weeks,
 how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Poor
 appetite or overeating. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half
 the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7f : Q78_6 : Over the last 2 weeks,
 how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? -
 Feeling bad about yourself or that you are a failure or have let yourself
 or your family down. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half
 the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7g : Q78_7 : Over the last 2 weeks,
 how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? -
 Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching
 television. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days
 (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7h : Q78_8 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often
 have you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Moving or
 speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or the opposite;
 being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more
 than usual. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days
 (2), Nearly every day (3) * 7i : Q78_9 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often
 have you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Thoughts that
 you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way. : Not at
 all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days (2), Nearly every day
 (3) * 8 : Q82 : If you selected any problems, how difficult have these
 problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or
 get along with other people? : Not difficult at all (1), Somewhat
 difficult (2), Very difficult (3), Extremely difficult (4) * 9a : Q83_1 :
 Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the
 following problems? - Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge. : Not at all
 (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days (2), Nearly every day (3) *
 9b : Q83_2 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by
 any of the following problems? - Not being able to stop or control
 worrying. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days (2),
 Nearly every day (3) * 9c : Q83_3 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often have
 you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Worrying too much
 about different things. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half
 the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 9d : Q83_4 : Over the last 2 weeks,
 how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? -
 Trouble relaxing. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the
 days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 9e : Q83_5 : Over the last 2 weeks, how
 often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? - Being so
 restless that it is hard to sit still. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1),
 More than half the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 9f : Q83_6 : Over the
 last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following
 problems? - Becoming easily annoyed or irritable. : Not at all (0),
 Several Days (1), More than half the days (2), Nearly every day (3) * 9g :
 Q83_7 : Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of
 the following problems? - Feeling afraid as if something awful might
 happen. : Not at all (0), Several Days (1), More than half the days (2),
 Nearly every day (3) * 10 : Q84 : If you selected any problems, how
 difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care
 of things at home, or get along with other people? : Not difficult at all
 (1), Somewhat difficult (2), Very difficult (3), Extremely difficult (4) *
 11 : Q8 : There are certain problems which should not be discussed outside
 of one's immediate family. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3),
 Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), Agree (0) * 12 : Q9 : I would have a
 very good idea of what to do and who to talk to if I decided to seek
 professional help for psychological problems. : Disagree (4), Somewhat
 Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 13 : Q10 : I would not
 want my significant other (spouse, partner, etc.) to know if I were
 suffering from anxiety. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided
 (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 14 : Q35 : I would not want my significant
 other (spouse, partner, etc.) to know if I were suffering from depression.
 : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1),
 * 15 : Q11 : Keeping one's mind on a job is a good solution for
 avoiding personal worries and concerns. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree
 (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 16 : Q12 : If good friends asked
 my advice about a psychological problem, I might recommend that they see a
 professional. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 17 : Q13 : Having anxiety carries with it a burden
 of shame. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat
 Agree (1), * 18 : Q36 : Having depression carries with it a burden of
 shame. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat
 Agree (1), * 19 : Q14 : It is probably best not to know everything about
 oneself. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat
 Agree (1), * 20 : Q15 : If I were experiencing a serious psychological
 problem at this point in my life, I would be confident that I could find
 relief in psychotherapy. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided
 (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 21 : Q17 : People should work out their own
 problems; getting professional help should be a last resort. : Disagree
 (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 22 : Q18
 : If I were to experience psychological problems, I could get professional
 help if I wanted to. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 23 : Q19 : Important people in my life would think
 less of me if they were to find out that I was dealing with anxiety. :
 Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), *
 24 : Q37 : Important people in my life would think less of me if they were
 to find out that I was dealing with depression. : Disagree (4), Somewhat
 Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 25 : Q20 :
 Psychological problems, like many things, tend to work out by themselves.
 : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1),
 * 26 : Q22 : It would be relatively easy for me to find the time to see a
 professional for psychological problems. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree
 (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 27 : Q23 : There are experiences
 in my life I would not discuss with anyone. : Disagree (4), Somewhat
 Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 28 : Q24 : I would want
 to get professional help if I were worried or upset for a long period of
 time. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree
 (1), * 29 : Q25 : I would be uncomfortable seeking professional help for
 anxiety because people in my social or business circles might find out
 about it. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat
 Agree (1), * 30 : Q38 : I would be uncomfortable seeking professional help
 for depression because people in my social or business circles might find
 out about it. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 31 : Q26 : Having been diagnosed with anxiety is a
 blot on a person's life. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3),
 Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 32 : Q39 : Having been diagnosed with
 depression is a blot on a person's life. : Disagree (4), Somewhat
 Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 33 : Q28 : There is
 something admirable in the attitude of people who are willing to cope with
 their conflicts and fears without resorting to professional help. :
 Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), *
 34 : Q29 : If I believed I were having a mental breakdown, my first
 inclination would be to get professional attention. : Disagree (4),
 Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 35 : Q30 : I
 would feel uneasy going to a professional because of what some people
 would think. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 36 : Q31 : People with strong characters can get
 over psychological problems by themselves and would have little need for
 professional help. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 37 : Q32 : I would willingly confide intimate
 matters to an appropriate person if I thought it might help me or a member
 of my family. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 38 : Q33 : Had I received treatment for anxiety, I
 would not feel that it ought to be â€œcovered up.â€ : Disagree (4),
 Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat Agree (1), * 39 : Q40 : Had
 I received treatment for depression, I would not feel that it ought to be
 â€œcovered up.â€ : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2),
 Somewhat Agree (1), * 40 : Q34 : I would be embarrassed if my neighbor saw
 me going into the office of a professional who deals with psychological
 problems. : Disagree (4), Somewhat Disagree (3), Undecided (2), Somewhat
 Agree (1), * 41 : Q92 : The list below includes some of the places where
 people can get treatment or counseling for problems with their emotions,
 nerves, or mental health. During the past 12 months, did you receive any
 treatment or counseling for any problem you were having with your
 emotions, nerves, or mental health at any of the places listed below? An
 outpatient mental health clinic or center, The office of a private
 therapist, psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker, or counselor that
 was not part of a clinic, A doctor's office that was not part of a
 clinicAn outpatient medical clinic, A partial day hospital or day
 treatment program Some other place : Yes (1), No (2), Don't Know (3),
 Refused (4) * (REMOVED FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_1 : Where did you receive
 mental health treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select
 all that apply - An outpatient mental health clinic or center : Yes (1) *
 (REMOVED FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_2 : Where did you receive mental health
 treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply -
 The office of a private therapist, psychologist, psychiatrist, social
 worker, or counselor that was not part of a clinic : Yes (2) * (REMOVED
 FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_3 : Where did you receive mental health treatment or
 counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply - A
 doctor's office that was not part of a clinic : Yes (3) * (REMOVED
 FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_4 : Where did you receive mental health treatment or
 counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply - An
 outpatient medical clinic : Yes (4) * (REMOVED FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_5 :
 Where did you receive mental health treatment or counseling during the
 past 12 months? Select all that apply - A partial day hospital or day
 treatment program : Yes (5) * (REMOVED FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_6 : Where did
 you receive mental health treatment or counseling during the past 12
 months? Select all that apply - An outpatient mental health clinic or
 center : Yes (6) * (REMOVED FROM FILE.) 42 : Q93_6_TEXT : Where did you
 receive mental health treatment or counseling during the past 12 months?
 Select all that apply - Some other place, please specify - Text : * 43 :
 Q94 : During the past 12 months, was there any time when you needed mental
 health treatment or counseling for yourself but didn't get it? : Yes
 (1), No (2), Don't Know (3), Refused (4) * 44 : Q95_1 : Which of
 these statements explain why you did not get the mental health treatment
 or counseling you needed? Select all that apply - You couldn't afford
 the cost. : Yes (1) * 44 : Q95_2 : Which of these statements explain why
 you did not get the mental health treatment or counseling you needed?
 Select all that apply - You were concerned that getting mental health
 treatment or counseling might cause your neighbors or community to have a
 negative opinion of you. : Yes (2)" * 44 : Q95_3 : Which of these
 statements explain why you did not get the mental health treatment or
 counseling you needed? Select all that apply - You were concerned that
 getting mental health treatment or counseling might have a negative effect
 on your job. : Yes (3)" * 44 : Q95_4 : Which of these statements
 explain why you did not get the mental health treatment or counseling you
 needed? Select all that apply - Your health insurance does not cover any
 mental health treatment or counseling. : Yes (4) * 44 : Q95_5 : Which of
 these statements explain why you did not get the mental health treatment
 or counseling you needed? Select all that apply -Your health insurance
 does not pay enough for mental health treatment or counseling. : Yes (5) *
 44 : Q95_6 : Which of these statements explain why you did not get the
 mental health treatment or counseling you needed? Select all that apply -
 You did not know where to go to get services. : Yes (6) * 44 : Q95_7 :
 Which of these statements explain why you did not get the mental health
 treatment or counseling you needed? Select all that apply - You were
 concerned that the information you gave the counselor might not be kept
 confidential. : Yes (7) * 44 : Q95_8 : Which of these statements explain
 why you did not get the mental health treatment or counseling you needed?
 Select all that apply - You were concerned that you might be committed to
 a psychiatric hospital or might have to take medicine. : Yes (8)" *
 44 : Q95_9 : Which of these statements explain why you did not get the
 mental health treatment or counseling you needed? Select all that apply -
 Some other reason or reasons, please specify : Yes (9) * 44 : Q95_9_TEXT :
 Which of these statements explain why you did not get the mental health
 treatment or counseling you needed? Select all that apply - Some other
 reason or reasons, please specify - Text : * 45 : Q96 : Earlier, we asked
 did you receive any treatment or counseling for any problem you were
 having with your emotions, nerves, or mental health. The response options
 below contain possible sources of treatment, counseling or support that
 were not mentioned before. During the past 12 months, did you receive any
 treatment or counseling for any problem you were having with your
 emotions, nerves, or mental health at any of the places listed below?
 Spiritual or religious advisor, such as a pastor, priest, rabbi,
 Acupuncturist or acupressurist, Chiropractor, Herbalist, In-person support
 group or self-help group, Online counseling (e.g., video call with
 therapist), Internet support group or chat room, Telephone hotline,
 Massage therapist, Some other place : Yes (1), No (2), Don't Know
 (3), Refused (4)" * 46 : Q97_1 : Where did you receive mental health
 treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply -
 Spiritual or religious advisor, such as a pastor, priest, rabbi : Yes (1)
 * 46 : Q97_2 : Where did you receive mental health treatment or counseling
 during the past 12 months? Select all that apply - Acupuncturist or
 acupressurist : Yes (2) * 46 : Q97_3 : Where did you receive mental health
 treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply -
 Chiropractor : Yes (3) * 46 : Q97_4 : Where did you receive mental health
 treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply -
 Herbalist : Yes (4) * 46 : Q97_5 : Where did you receive mental health
 treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply -
 In-person support group or self-help group : Yes (5) * 46 : Q97_10 : Where
 did you receive mental health treatment or counseling during the past 12
 months? Select all that apply - Online counseling (e.g., video call with
 therapist) : Yes (10) * 46 : Q97_7 : Where did you receive mental health
 treatment or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply -
 Internet support group or chat room : Yes (7) * 46 : Q97_8 : Where did you
 receive mental health treatment or counseling during the past 12 months?
 Select all that apply - Telephone hotline : Yes (8) * 46 : Q97_9 : Where
 did you receive mental health treatment or counseling during the past 12
 months? Select all that apply -Massage therapist : Yes (9) * 46 : Q97_6 :
 Where did you receive mental health treatment or counseling during the
 past 12 months? Select all that apply - Some other place, please specify :
 Yes (6) * 46 : Q97_6_TEXT : Where did you receive mental health treatment
 or counseling during the past 12 months? Select all that apply - Some
 other place, please specify - Text : * 47 : Q44 : Do you currently own a
 mobile phone? : Yes (1), No (2) * 48 : Q46 : On average, how often do you
 use your phone to send text messages? : Never (1), Less than 1 time per
 week (2), 1-6 times per week (3), 1-3 times per day (4), 4 or more times
 per day (5) * 49 : Q91 : On average, how often do you use your phone to
 access mobile applications (e.g., social media apps, news apps, navigation
 apps, etc.) ? : Never (1), Less than 1 time per week (2), 1-6 times per
 week (3), 1-3 times per day (4), 4 or more times per day (5) * 50 : Q48 :
 Are you able to complete video calls on your phone (e.g., FaceTime, Skype,
 WhatsApp, etc.)? : Yes (1), No (2) * 51 : Q47 : On average, how often do
 you use your phone to complete video calls? : Never (1), Less than 1 time
 per week (2), 1-6 times per week (3), 1-3 times per day (4), 4 or more
 times per day (5) * 52 : Q104_1 : I would feel comfortable communicating
 with a professional through _________ to receive help for managing
 anxiety. - text messaging : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided
 (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 52 : Q104_2 : I would feel
 comfortable communicating with a professional through _________ to receive
 help for managing anxiety. - voice call : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree
 (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 52 : Q104_3 : I would
 feel comfortable communicating with a professional through _________ to
 receive help for managing anxiety. - mobile app : Disagree (1), Somewhat
 Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 52 : Q104_4 :
 I would feel comfortable communicating with a professional through
 _________ to receive help for managing anxiety. - video call : Disagree
 (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) *
 53 : Q105_1 : I would feel comfortable communicating with a professional
 through _________ to receive help for managing depression. - text
 messaging : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat
 Agree (4), Agree (5) * 53 : Q105_2 : I would feel comfortable
 communicating with a professional through _________ to receive help for
 managing depression. - voice call : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2),
 Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 53 : Q105_3 : I would feel
 comfortable communicating with a professional through _________ to receive
 help for managing depression. - mobile app : Disagree (1), Somewhat
 Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 53 : Q105_4 :
 I would feel comfortable communicating with a professional through
 _________ to receive help for managing depression. - video call : Disagree
 (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) *
 54 : Q110_1 : Having the option to use _________ to communicate with a
 professional if I am dealing with anxiety would be helpful for me. - text
 messaging : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat
 Agree (4), Agree (5) * 54 : Q110_2 : Having the option to use _________ to
 communicate with a professional if I am dealing with anxiety would be
 helpful for me. - voice call : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2),
 Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 54 : Q110_3 : Having the
 option to use _________ to communicate with a professional if I am dealing
 with anxiety would be helpful for me. - mobile app : Disagree (1),
 Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 54 :
 Q110_4 : Having the option to use _________ to communicate with a
 professional if I am dealing with anxiety would be helpful for me. - video
 call : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree
 (4), Agree (5) * 55 : Q111_1 : Having the option to use _________ to
 communicate with a professional if I am dealing with depression would be
 helpful for me. - text messaging : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2),
 Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 55 : Q111_2 : Having the
 option to use _________ to communicate with a professional if I am dealing
 with depression would be helpful for me. - voice call : Disagree (1),
 Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 55 :
 Q111_3 : Having the option to use _________ to communicate with a
 professional if I am dealing with depression would be helpful for me. -
 mobile app : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2), Undecided (3), Somewhat
 Agree (4), Agree (5) * 55 : Q111_4 : Having the option to use _________ to
 communicate with a professional if I am dealing with depression would be
 helpful for me. - video call : Disagree (1), Somewhat Disagree (2),
 Undecided (3), Somewhat Agree (4), Agree (5) * 56 : Q106_1 : Would having
 the option to use a _________ to complete an appointment with a
 professional increase your access to mental health services? - voice call
 : Yes (1), No (2) * 56 : Q106_2 : Would having the option to use a
 _________ to complete an appointment with a professional increase your
 access to mental health services? - mobile app : Yes (1), No (2) * 56 :
 Q106_3 : Would having the option to use a _________ to complete an
 appointment with a professional increase your access to mental health
 services? - video call : Yes (1), No (2) * 57 : Q107_1 : Would having the
 option to use a _________ to complete an appointment save you time
 traveling to a professional's office? - voice call : Yes (1), No (3)
 * 57 : Q107_2 : Would having the option to use a _________ to complete an
 appointment save you time traveling to a professional's office? -
 mobile app : Yes (1), No (3) * 57 : Q107_3 : Would having the option to
 use a _________ to complete an appointment save you time traveling to a
 professional's office? - video call : Yes (1), No (3) * 58 : Q109_1 :
 Would having the option to use a _________ to complete an appointment with
 a professional be more convenient for you than an in-person appointment? -
 voice call : Yes (1), No (2) * 58 : Q109_2 : Would having the option to
 use a _________ to complete an appointment with a professional be more
 convenient for you than an in-person appointment? - mobile app : Yes (1),
 No (2) * 58 : Q109_3 : Would having the option to use a _________ to
 complete an appointment with a professional be more convenient for you
 than an in-person appointment? - video call : Yes (1), No (2) * 59 : Q65 :
 Do you have any concerns about using a voice call to receive mental health
 treatment or counseling? : Yes (1), No (2) * 60 : Q66 : What are your
 concerns about using a voice call to receive mental health treatment or
 counseling? - TEXT : * 61 : Q112 : Do you have any concerns about using a
 mobile app to receive mental health treatment or counseling? : Yes (1), No
 (2) * 62 : Q113 : What are your concerns about using a mobile app to
 receive mental health treatment or counseling? : * 63 : Q114 : Do you have
 any concerns about using a video call to receive mental health treatment
 or counseling? : Yes (1), No (2) * 64 : Q115 : What are your concerns
 about using a video call to receive mental health treatment or counseling?
 : * 65 : Q117 : Do you have any concerns about using text messaging to
 communicate with a professional about your mental health? : Yes (1), No
 (2) * 66 : Q118 : What are your concerns about using text messaging to
 communicate with a professional about your mental health? : * 67 : Q98 :
 Have you ever been diagnosed with anxiety? : Yes (1), No (2), Don't
 Know (3), Refused (4) * 68 : Q99 : Have you ever been diagnosed with
 depression? : Yes (1), No (2), Don't Know (3), Refused (4) * 69 : Q85
 : Do you currently have health insurance? : Yes (1), No (2), Don't
 Know (3) * 70 : Q86 : Does your health insurance pay for any type of
 mental health treatment or counseling services? : Yes (1), No (2),
 Don't Know (3) * 71 : Q125 : Comments (Optional) : * (DERIVED) :
 PHQ9_Score : Sum(Q78_1+Q78_2+Q78_3+Q78_4+Q78_5+Q78_6+Q78_7+Q78_8+Q78_9) :
 Sum(Q78_1+Q78_2+Q78_3+Q78_4+Q78_5+Q78_6+Q78_7+Q78_8+Q78_9) * (DERIVED) :
 PHQ9_Score_CAT : Derived from PHQ9_Score and dichotomized using cutoff
 score of 10 : Derived from PHQ9_Score and dichotomized using cutoff score
 of 10 (0-9 vs. 10-27) * (DERIVED) : PHQ9_Score_CAT7 : PHQ9_Score
 dichotomized (0-9 vs. 10-27) : Derived from PHQ9_Score and dichotomized
 using cutoff score of 7 (0-6 vs. 7-27) * (DERIVED) : GAD7_Score :
 Sum(Q83_1+Q83_2+Q83_3+Q83_4+Q83_5+Q83_6+Q83_7) :
 Sum(Q83_1+Q83_2+Q83_3+Q83_4+Q83_5+Q83_6+Q83_7) * (DERIVED) :
 GAD7_Score_CAT : GAD7_Score dichotomized (0-9 vs. 10-21) : GAD7_Score
 dichotomized (0-9 vs. 10-21) * (DERIVED) : Psych_Openness : Sum
 (Q8+Q11+Q14+Q17+Q20+Q23+Q28+Q31) : Sum (Q8+Q11+Q14+Q17+Q20+Q23+Q28+Q31) *
 (DERIVED) : Psych_Openness_CAT : Psych_Openess dichotomized (0-16 vs
 17-32) : Psych_Openess dichotomized (0-16 vs 17-32) * (DERIVED) :
 Help_Seeking : Sum (Q9+Q12+Q15+Q18+Q22+Q24+Q29+Q32) : Sum
 (Q9+Q12+Q15+Q18+Q22+Q24+Q29+Q32) * (DERIVED) : Help_Seeking_CAT :
 Help_Seeking dichotomized (0-16 vs 17-32) : Help_Seeking dichotomized
 (0-16 vs 17-32) * (DERIVED) : Anxiety_Stigma : Sum
 (Q10+Q13+Q19+Q25+Q26+Q30+Q33+Q34) : Sum (Q10+Q13+Q19+Q25+Q26+Q30+Q33+Q34)
 * (DERIVED) : Anxiety_Stigma_CAT : Anxiety_Stigma dichotomized (0-16 vs
 17-32) : Anxiety_Stigma dichotomized (0-16 vs 17-32) * (DERIVED) :
 Depression_Stigma : Sum (Q30+Q34+Q35+Q36+Q37+Q38+Q39+Q40) : Sum
 (Q30+Q34+Q35+Q36+Q37+Q38+Q39+Q40) * (DERIVED) : Depression_Stigma_CAT :
 Depression_Stigma dichotomized (0-16 vs 17-32) : Depression_Stigma
 dichotomized (0-16 vs 17-32) * (DERIVED) : IASMHS_Anxiety : Sum
 (Psych_Openness+Help_Seeking+Anxiety_Stigma) : Sum
 (Psych_Openness+Help_Seeking+Anxiety_Stigma) * (DERIVED) :
 IASMHS_Depression : Sum (Psych_Openness+Help_Seeking+Depression_Stigma) :
 Sum (Psych_Openness+Help_Seeking+Depression_Stigma) * (DERIVED) :
 Depression_Severity : PHQ9_Score dichotomized (MINIMAL (0 to 4), MILD (5
 to 9), MODERATE (10 to 14), MOD_SEV (15 to 19), SEVERE (20 to 27)) :
 PHQ9_Score dichotomized: MINIMAL = 0 to 4, MILD = 5 to 9, MODERATE = 10 to
 14, MOD_SEV = 15 to 19, SEVERE = 20 to 27 * (DERIVED) : Anxiety_Severity :
 GAD7_Score dichotmized (MINIMAL (0 to 4), MILD (5 to 9), MODERATE (10 to
 14), SEVERE (15 to 21)) : GAD7_Score dichotmized: MINIMAL = 0 to 4, MILD =
 5 to 9, MODERATE = 10 to 14, SEVERE = 15 to 21 * (DERIVED) : Q104_1_TEXT :
 Q104 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q104_2_TEXT : Q104
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q104_3_TEXT : Q104
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q104_4_TEXT : Q104
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_1_TEXT : Q105
 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_2_TEXT : Q105
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_3_TEXT : Q105
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_4_TEXT : Q105
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_1_TEXT : Q110
 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_2_TEXT : Q110
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_3_TEXT : Q110
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_4_TEXT : Q110
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_1_TEXT : Q111
 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_2_TEXT : Q111
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_3_TEXT : Q111
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_4_TEXT : Q111
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), DISAGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : EDUCAT : Q54 relabled
 (6 = Bachelor, 1= Less Bac) : Derived from Q54 relabled (6 = Bachelor, 1=
 Less Bac) * (DERIVED) : Q104_1_TEXT_2 : Q104 (1) dichotomized: AGREE =
 Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR Somewhat
 Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat
 Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2)
 OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q104_2_TEXT_2 : Q104 (2) dichotomized:
 AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104 (2) : AGREE =
 Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR Somewhat
 Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q104_3_TEXT_2 : Q104 (3)
 dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree
 (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104 (3) :
 AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q104_4_TEXT_2 : Q104
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q104
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_1_TEXT_2 : Q105
 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_2_TEXT_2 : Q105
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_3_TEXT_2 : Q105
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q105_4_TEXT_2 : Q105
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q105
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_1_TEXT_2 : Q110
 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_2_TEXT_2 : Q110
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_3_TEXT_2 : Q110
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q110_4_TEXT_2 : Q110
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q110
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_1_TEXT_2 : Q111
 (1) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (1) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_2_TEXT_2 : Q111
 (2) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (2) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_3_TEXT_2 : Q111
 (3) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (3) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : Q111_4_TEXT_2 : Q111
 (4) dichotomized: AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE =
 Disagree (1) OR Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) : Derived from Q111
 (4) : AGREE = Somewhat Agree (4) OR Agree (5), NO_AGREE = Disagree (1) OR
 Somewhat Disagree (2) OR Undecided (3) * (DERIVED) : REGION_CAT : :
 Derived from longitude and latitude; 'Midwest',
 'Northeast', 'South', 'West' ``` 4. Missing
 data codes: None 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None