DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dv41p5j
title: GPS collar data and social-ecological feature data for examining the movement of coyotes in Los Angeles, California (2019-2021)

description: How societal, ecological, and infrastructural attributes interact to
 influence wildlife movement is uncertain. We explored whether neighborhood
 socioeconomic status and environmental quality were associated with coyote
 (Canis latrans) movement patterns in Los Angeles, California, and assessed
 the performance of integrated social-ecological movement models. Herein
 are 1) the raw GPS data for 20 coyotes collared between 2019-2021, and 2)
 the social-ecological feature rasters used for data analyses.
description: <strong>GPS collar data:</strong> Beginning in
 October 2019, 20 coyotes were outfitted with GPS collars (Ecotone, solar
 powered, GPS/GSM/UHF), with collars remaining active between 1-23 months.
 Six females and 14 males were collared.
 <strong>Raster data</strong><strong>:
 </strong>All geospatial covariates were rasterized and converted to
 30m2 spatial resolution using ArcGIS Pro v 3.1.1 (ESRI 2023).
 Ecological
 covariates: (1) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
 from spring 2021 (Landsat 8); (2) distance to rivers and streams (CDFW,
 2020); (3) distance to lakes (California State Geoportal, 2021); and (4)
 distance to green spaces, including (a) Los Angeles and San Bernardino
 county parks (County of Los Angeles), (b) golf courses, and (c) cemeteries
 (City of Los Angeles, 2023). Distance to green spaces was considered
 separately from NDVI since in arid regions green spaces will not always
 have a notable vegetation greenness signature. 
 Linear
 infrastructure covariates: (1) road density (data.gov); (2)
 distance to storm and flood channels and drains (County of Los Angeles,
 2023); and (3) distance to railways (California Rail Network,
 2022).  Societal
 covariates: (1) human population density (Census.gov); (2)
 building density (Dao, 2020); (3) development intensity (NLCD, 2022); (4)
 median income (County of Los Angeles, 2023; Southern California
 Association of Governments); and (5) pollution burden percentile (Cal
 Enviro Screen 4.0). Development intensity was reclassified as 0=no data,
 1=undeveloped land cover classes, 2=developed: open space, 3=developed:
 low intensity, 4=developed: med intensity, and 5=developed: high
 intensity. Cal Enviro Screen provides a pollution burden index that is
 calculated from 13 metrics related to drinking water characteristics,
 groundwater quality, air quality, soil pollutants, and hazardous
 waste.
description: # GPS collar data and social-ecological feature data for examining the
 movement of coyotes in Los Angeles, California (2019-2021)
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.15dv41p5j](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.15dv41p5j) ## Description of the data and file structure These data were used in an analysis of the influence of urban social-ecological features on coyote movement in the Los Angeles region of California. GPS collar data were initially collected between 2019-2021 as part of a different project, but were not used for that project and were instead used for this analysis. Raster data were created using various sources (see data description) for this project. ### Files and variables #### File: disttochannels.tif **Description:** Distance to flood channels, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: County of Los Angeles [Public Domain]. #### File: disttogolfcourses.tif **Description:** Distance to golf courses, created using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. #### File: disttoparks.tif **Description:** Distance to state, regional, and local parks, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original sources: County of Los Angeles [Public Domain]. #### File: disttorail.tif **Description:** Distance to railways, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: California Rail Network [Public Domain]. #### File: disttolakes.tif **Description:** Distance to lakes, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: California State Geoportal [Public Domain]. #### File: disttostreamsrivers.tif **Description:** Distance to streams and rivers, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife [Public Domain]. #### File: StudySiteLA.zip **Description:** Shapefile of the study area, created in ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. #### File: Coyote\_GPS\_RSF.csv **Description:** GPS dataset trimmed to 2 hour fix rates, used in resource selection functions. ##### Variables * GpsDescription: An indicator of individual collar ID. * GPSTime: When the location was taken. * Latitude: Latitude of GPS point. * Longitude: Longitude of GPS point. #### File: Coyote\_GPS\_SSF.csv **Description:** GPS dataset used to calculate movement metrics and step selection functions. ##### Variables * GpsDescription: An indicator of individual collar ID. * GPSTime: When the location was taken. * Latitude: Latitude of GPS point. * Longitude: Longitude of GPS point. #### File: nlcddeveloped.tif **Description:** Development intensity, reclassified using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: National Land Cover Database. Reclassification scheme: 0=no data, 1=undeveloped land cover classes, 2=developed: open space, 3=developed: low intensity, 4=developed: med intensity, and 5=developed: high intensity. #### File: disttocemeteries.tif **Description:** Distance to cemeteries, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: City of Los Angeles [Public Domain]. #### File: roaddens.tif **Description:** Road density, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: data.gov [Public Domain]. #### File: buildingdensity.tif **Description:** Building density, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: Dao, V. (2020) California building footprints [Dataset] [Public Domain]. Dryad. [https://doi.org/10.7280/D16387](https://doi.org/10.7280/D16387). #### File: pollburd.tif **Description:** Pollution burden percentile, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: Cal Enviro Screen 4.0 [Public Domain]. #### File: NDVI.tif **Description:** Normalized difference vegetation index for Spring 2021, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: Landsat 8 (USGS) [Public Domain].  #### File: popdens.tif **Description:** Population density, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original source: census.gov [Public Domain]. #### File: MedInc.tif **Description:** Median income, derived using ArcGIS Pro v. 3.1.1. Original sources: County of Los Angeles [Public Domain], Southern California Association of Governments [Public Domain].  ## Code/software Raster data were created or reclassified using ArcGIS Pro v.3.1.1 (ESRI, 2023). Relevant spatial covariates were summarized at the home range level for each coyote using ArcGIS Pro v.3.1.1 (ESRI, 2023). All other statistical analyses were conducted in R v.4.3.2 (R Core Team 2023). Rmd file included herein provides code for conducting the following analyses: 1) summarizing and describing differences between movement characteristics among subset groups of coyotes (such as coyotes with more vs. less anthropogenically burdened home ranges), 2) resource selection functions (for all coyotes and subset groups), and 3) step selection functions (for all coyotes). Primary packages that were used in these analyses include: 'adehabitatHR', 'raster', 'car', 'lme4', 'amt', 'survival', 'tidyr', 'dplyr', 'sf', 'sp', 'move', 'tidyverse', 'lubridate', 'purrr', 'MuMIN', 'stats', 'ggplot2', and 'geosphere'. ## Access information Raster datasets were created using the following sources: * National Land Cover Database (NLCD): [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/national-land-cover-database](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/national-land-cover-database); license: Public Domain * United States Census Bureau: Census.gov; license: Public Domain * Data.gov; license: Public Domain * California State Geoportal: [https://gis.data.ca.gov](https://gis.data.ca.gov); license: Public Domain * California Rail Network: [https://gisdata-caltrans.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/2ac93358aca84aa7b547b29a42d5ff52_0/about](https://gisdata-caltrans.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/2ac93358aca84aa7b547b29a42d5ff52_0/about); license: Public Domain * California Department of Fish and Wildlife: [https://gis.data.ca.gov/datasets/CDFW::california-streams/about](https://gis.data.ca.gov/datasets/CDFW::california-streams/about); license: Public Domain * Dao, V. (2020) California building footprints [Dataset]. Dryad. [https://doi.org/10.7280/D16387](https://doi.org/10.7280/D16387); License: Public Domain * County of Los Angeles: [https://egis-lacounty.hub.arcgis.com/](https://egis-lacounty.hub.arcgis.com/); License: Public Domain * City of Los Angeles: [https://geohub.lacity.org/](https://geohub.lacity.org/); License: Public Domain * Southern California Association of Governments; License: Public Domain