DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xgxd254tg
title: Differences in apple fruit shape are independent of fruit size

description: This dataset comprises over 12,000 high-resolution images of apples
 collected from Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection, housed at
 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s Kentville Research and Development
 Centre. Each apple was photographed from both the top and side views,
 capturing more than 500 genetically unique accessions. For each image,
 three versions are included: the original, a colour-corrected version, and
 a binary (segmented) version to support various analytical applications.
 Using a pseudo-landmarking approach, we determined that the primary source
 of morphological variation among the apples is related to shape rather
 than size. To support reproducibility and further analysis, the dataset
 also includes an initial metadata file that serves as a foundation for
 conducting morphological assessments.
description: The fruit images uploaded were taken from Canada’s Apple
 Biodiversity Collection located at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s
 (AAFC) Kentville Research and Development Centre (KRDC) in Nova Scotia,
 Canada in 2016. A comprehensive description of the design, maintenance,
 and harvest of the Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection can be found in
 Watts et al. (2021) Plants People Planet. Images were colour corrected
 using the included colour card and then converted into binary scans using
 MATLAB® (The MathWorks Inc., 2018) following the methods described by Li
 et al. (2022) Methods Mol Biol. A complete description of the data
 collection and image processing can be found in DeViller et al. (2025) The
 Plant Phenome Journal. 
description: # Differences in apple fruit shape are independent of fruit size Dataset
 DOI: [10.5061/dryad.xgxd254tg](10.5061/dryad.xgxd254tg) ## Description of
 the data and file structure This dataset contains over 12,000 images of
 apples collected from Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection located
 at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Kentville Research and
 Development Centre. Images of both the top and side of the fruit were
 taken from over 500 genetically unique accessions and includes the
 original, colour corrected, and binary versions of each image.  The fruit
 images uploaded were taken from Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection
 located at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s (AAFC) Kentville Research
 and Development Centre (KRDC) in Nova Scotia, Canada in 2016. A
 comprehensive description of the design, maintenance, and harvest of the
 Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection can be found in Watts et al. (2021)
 Plants People Planet. Images were colour corrected using the included
 colour card and then converted into binary scans using MATLAB® (The
 MathWorks Inc., 2018) following the methods described by Li et al. (2022)
 Methods Mol Biol. A complete description of the data collection and image
 processing can be found in DeViller et al. (2025) The Plant Phenome
 Journal.  ### Files and variables #### File: all\_binaries.zip
 **Description:** contains subfolder of all binary images *
 binary_side_domestica: contains side images of accessions that are
 domestic (used in DeViller et al., 2025) * binary_side_not_domestica:
 contains side images of accessions that are not domestic * binary_top:
 contains top images of all accessions #### File: apple\_metadata.csv
 **Description:** original metadata file needed to reproduce morphological
 analysis with domestic side images. ##### Variables * file: file name of
 image (e.g., BW = binary, 1010 = tree (nursery_id), 3 = individual) *
 dataset: from the apple collection * px.cm: pixel per cm value calculated
 from the average of 10 images * nursery_id: tree identifier * apple_id:
 accession identifier * node: NA * top_x: landmark coordinate for top point
 (x value) * top_y: landmark coordinate for top point (y value) *
 bottom_x: landmark coordinate for bottom point (x value) *
 bottom_y: landmark coordinate for bottom point (y value) #### File:
 colour\_corrected.zip **Description:** all images after being colour
 corrected for colour analysis