cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/ywyj-jh94
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kelly fire data from Jonah Lake, Yukon Flats, Alaska - IMPD USJAL008

description: Wildfire activity in boreal forests is anticipated to increase dramatically, with far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences. Paleorecords are indispensible for elucidating boreal fire regime dynamics under changing climate, because fire return intervals and successional cycles in these ecosystems occur over decadal to centennial timescales. We present charcoal records from 14 lakes in the Yukon Flats of interior Alaska, one of the most flammable ecoregions of the boreal forest biome, to infer causes and consequences of fire regime change over the past 10,000 y. Strong correspondence between charcoal-inferred and observational fire records shows the fidelity of sedimentary charcoal records as archives of past fire regimes. Fire frequency and area burned increased ~6,000–3,000 y ago, probably as a result of elevated landscape flammability associated with increased Picea mariana in the regional vegetation. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ~1,000–500 cal B.P.), the period most similar to recent decades, warm and dry climatic conditions resulted in peak biomass burning, but severe fires favored less-flammable deciduous vegetation, such that fire frequency remained relatively stationary. These results suggest that boreal forests can sustain high severity fire regimes for centuries under warm and dry conditions, with vegetation feedbacks modulating climate–fire linkages. The apparent limit to MCA burning has been surpassed by the regional fire regime of recent decades, which is characterized by exceptionally high fire frequency and biomass burning. This extreme combination suggests a transition to a unique regime of unprecedented fire activity. However, vegetation dynamics similar to feedbacks that occurred during the MCA may stabilize the fire regime, despite additional warming.
description: Chronology and macroscopic charcoal counts (number of pieces >180 microns) from Chopper Lake sediments Yukon Flats, Alaska; 
Entity name, JA08 (Internal lab code); 
Contact person, Kelly R.; 
Sampling date, 2008-07-20;
Sampling device, All cores were taken with a combination of 7.5 cm livingstone, 5 cm livingstone, and 7.5 cm polycarbonate tube;
Water depth(cm), 920;
Sample storage, All cores have archive halves intact, and working halves sliced at 0.25-cm resolution. These are kept at 4°C in the Hu Lab, University of Illinois, Urbana.;
Analysis method, Macroscopic charcoal counts. Please see Kelly et al. 2013 for details;
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17353200
title: Climate Change and Disparities in Extreme Heat Exposure for Socially Vulnerable Areas in the Contiguous United States

description: Datasets and code to create figures and conduct statistical analysis for paper in final revisions/published at Earth's Future (Paper #2025EF006463).

.csv spreadsheet shows CMIP6 models (only those downscaled as part of STAR-ESDM used in the NCA5) assessed in the manuscript and the years when each of the historical + ssp585 scenarios global-mean 2-m air temperature anomalies reach various Global Warming Levels-- further methods outlined in Methods section of the manuscript.

conus_heat_data.zip contains zipped netcdf (nc) files used to create figures and conduct statistical analysis. Zipped files can be unzipped (total directory size when unzipped is ~116Gb).

Link to Github where ipynb files contain Python code to create figures and run analysis of data:

Figure_1 creates maps shown in Figure 1

Figure_2 creates violion plots shown in Figure 2

Figure_3_4_5 has two versions (35C and 39C)- the 35C version creates the subplot/figure panels for the 35C threshold, and the 39C version creates the subplot/figure panels for the 39C threshold.

environment_conus_heat.yml file contains modules needed to create a conda environment to run the Python code.
DOI: 10.25921/ygwj-5a16
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Yasue - Onnebetsu - PCGN - ITRDB JAPA015

description: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# # Climatology - temperature analyses NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.25921/yczn-cg44
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Voelker - MOFEP Site 3 - QUCO - ITRDB MO061

description: Despite experimental evidence showing that elevated CO2 levels increase growth in most plants, the isolation of a signal consistent with anthropogenically caused increases in atmospheric CO2 from the dendrochronological record has shown mixed results. Our extensive sets of tree ring data from the Ozark Mountains in Missouri showed that since 1850, Quercus velutina Lam., Quercus coccinea Muench., and Pinus echinata Mill. trees increased in stem growth coincidently with increases in atmospheric CO2. Those long-term increases in radial growth appear unrelated to historical disturbance levels for the region, to long-term changes in relevant climatic variables, or to productivity of sites sampled for the purpose of creating a time sequence of tree ring growth. It is still unclear what the potential role of nitrogen deposition might have been for tree growth. We cross-dated a large number of increment cores and aligned the ring width data by pith date for accurate age constant assessments of growth over the past 150 years. Thus, we circumvented changes in growth trend associated with differences in physiological functioning during development, as well as the need for statistical detrending that removes an unknown degree of long-term environmental signal, the so called segment length curse that applies to standard dendrochronological investigations. When the positive relationship between CO2 and ring width was examined at different ages, an ontogenetic decline in the rate of growth stimulation was found. Specifically, both the pooled Quercus spp. and P. echinata were characterized by a negative exponential pattern of response over a developmental sequence through age 50. Further knowledge of an intrinsic decline in CO2 sensitivity with tree age or size such as this may be important for increased accuracy in estimating terrestrial carbon stocks across successional landscapes.
description: Cores Stored at:
# Oregon State University
# 
# Data were collected on tagged trees from MOFEP plots that were 
# dominated by black oak, scarlet oak and shortleaf pine. The trees were 
# dominant or co-dominant. Each series ID represents the site (first 
# digit) plot (second two digits) and tree (last three digits). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.

Publication DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0549:HCGEDW]2.0.CO;2
DOI: 10.25921/yp2p-5k60
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Voelker - St. Croix River - QUMA - ITRDB WI008

description: Paleoclimate proxies based on the measurement of xylem cell anatomy have rarely been developed across the temperature range of a species or applied to wood predating the most recent millennium. Here we describe wood anatomy-based proxies for spring temperatures in central North America from modern bur oaks (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.). The strong coherence of temperature signals across the species range supports the use of these proxies across thousands of years of climatic change. We also used 79 subfossil oak log cross sections from northern Missouri, 14C-dated to 9.9 - 3.63 ka (ka is 1000 cal yr BP), to assess the frequency of oak deposition into alluvial sediments and a subset of these oaks for a wood anatomy-based reconstruction of spring paleotemperatures. Temperatures during the Younger Dryas cold period (YD) were up to 3.5°C lower than modern temperatures for that region, equivalent to or lower than those experienced at the northern edge of the modern species range. Compared to extant oaks growing at much higher [CO2], subfossil oaks had greater vessel frequencies. Besides very low theoretical (or estimated) xylem conductivity near the beginning of the oak record near 13.6 ka, vessel frequencies greater than modern trees compensated for reduced vessel dimensions so that theoretical xylem conductivity was consistently above that of modern trees at the cold northern sites. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of 14C-dated oaks and either d18O from the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) ice core or from the Cariaco grayscale marine-sediment record from the southern Caribbean sea. Oak deposition into alluvial sediments during the YD was significantly lower than expected given the average sample depth of oaks from 9.9 to 13.6 ka. Reduced oak deposition during the YD suggests that an abrupt shift in climate reduced oak populations across the region and/or changed the rates of channel movement across drainages.
description: Cores Stored at:
# Oregon State University
# 
# These cores were taken to measure growth rates, wood anatomy and stable 
# isotope measurements from dominant and co-dominant trees across tree 
# ages. Two cores were taken for each tree but in most cases only one 
# was measured for ring-widths. The other was destructively sampled for 
# stable isotope measurements. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14920137
title: Climate Change and Disparities in Extreme Heat Exposure for Socially Vulnerable Areas in the Contiguous United States

description: Datasets and code to create figures and conduct statistical analysis for paper in final revisions/published at Earth's Future (Paper #2025EF006463).

.csv spreadsheet shows CMIP6 models (only those downscaled as part of STAR-ESDM used in the NCA5) assessed in the manuscript and the years when each of the historical + ssp585 scenarios global-mean 2-m air temperature anomalies reach various Global Warming Levels-- further methods outlined in Methods section of the manuscript.

conus_heat_data.zip contains zipped netcdf (nc) files used to create figures and conduct statistical analysis. Zipped files can be unzipped (total directory size when unzipped is ~116Gb).

Link to Github where ipynb files contain Python code to create figures and run analysis of data:

Figure_1 creates maps shown in Figure 1

Figure_2 creates violion plots shown in Figure 2

Figure_3_4_5 has two versions (35C and 39C)- the 35C version creates the subplot/figure panels for the 35C threshold, and the 39C version creates the subplot/figure panels for the 39C threshold.

environment_conus_heat.yml file contains modules needed to create a conda environment to run the Python code.
DOI: 10.25921/yk7v-5n53
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Youngblut - Mt. Forster - PIAL - ITRDB CANA396

description: We present a network of thirteen annual ring-width chronologies from high elevation whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) sites in the western Canadian Cordillera in order to assess the dendroclimatic potential of this long-lived tree species. The temperature signal within the chronologies is complex and strongly influenced by diverging trends in the summer temperature and ring-width records from across the region. A first differences transformation of the tree-ring and temperature records illustrates a loss of frequency coherence in growth response to summer temperatures following reduced radial growth in the 1950s. Prior to reduced growth, we note a positive association with summer temperatures for both first differenced (rd = 0.60) and traditional (r = 0.50) records. Following reduced growth, the association at first differences is maintained (rd = 0.49) whereas there is a change in the lower frequency component of tree growth response to summer temperatures (r = -0.34). We suggest the cause of this reduced temperature sensitivity is related to the interaction between diurnal temperature and cloud cover patterns, the hydrological regime of snowpack, and site conditions which have been amenable to the initiation of moisture stress during the latter half of the 20th century. Reduced radial growth is coincident with the arrival of white pine blister rust (Cronatium ribicola J.C. Fisch. ex Raben) into the study region which suggests this infestation may be related to the observed reduction in radial growth. Whitebark pine has considerable potential for the field of dendroclimatology. Unfortunately, the decline of the species due to the combined effects of climate change, white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.), and forest fire exclusion practices indicate this potential may remain unfulfilled.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/y1n8-es37
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Line Islands Coral P/Ca Reconstructions from 1981-2002

description: Variations in ocean productivity are driven largely by nutrient supply to the photic zone, but temporal records of nutrient variability are sparse. Here we show scleractinian coral P/Ca proxy records of variations in phosphate concentrations during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles in the central equatorial Pacific. Covarying P/Ca records in Porites corals from Christmas and Fanning Islands show a regional ~40% decrease during the upwelling relaxation of the 1997-1998 El Niño, consistent with less frequent nutrient measurements from this area. Similar ~35-45% skeletal P/Ca decreases occur during the 1982–1983 and 1986-1987 El Niño events, which predate satellite color and regional nutrient measurements. After each El Niño event, nutrient increases lag temperature recovery by 4-12months, likely reflecting uptake by massive phytoplankton blooms that followed resumption of upwelling. The results support the utility of coral P/Ca to probe the mechanisms linking ENSO, equatorial upwelling, and carbon cycling in the past.
description: This dataset contains skeletal P/Ca data from 3 Line Island coral records through 3 El Nino events (Fanning and Christmas Islands).  This dataset includes all P/Ca data published in LaVigne et al., 2013.  Details on chronologies and methodology can be found in the original publication.
DOI: 10.25921/yh8m-dd48
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Graumlich - Mt. Eddy - PIJE - CA523, PAGES North America 2K Version

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
DOI: 10.25921/y3w2-et87
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Hon Tre Island, Vietnam 33 Year Paired Monthly Sr/Ca and d18O Data

description: Paired strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) and d18O measurements for two Porites lutea corals recovered from Hon Tre Island, Vietnam, are strongly correlated to sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation at monthly to interannual time-scales. Least squares linear regression of monthly Sr/Ca to SST shows a strong, significant correlation (r2 = 0.77, p < .0001), with root mean square residuals of 0.9 °C. 3-year averaged (binned) Sr/Ca for wet (Sep-Nov) and dry (Jan-Mar) seasons separately captures SST variability at interannual time scales (Sr/Ca RMSR = 0.42 °C and 0.70 °C for wet and dry seasons, respectively). Coral d18O correlates weakly to SST at seasonal and interannual time scales for wet and dry seasons, with significant anomalies (d18O RMSR = 2.4 °C and 1.65 °C, respectively). Correcting the SST influence on coral d18O using paired Sr/Ca values provides estimates of d18O of seawater (d18Osw). 3-year averaged d18Osw during the wet season shows a significant correlation to local precipitation (r2 = 0.54, p = 0.01). These results show that coral Sr/Ca in this location accurately reflects SST at a number of timescales, and that seawater d18O composition in the wet season is controlled by local precipitation, largely unmodified by ocean circulation during the winter monsoon. This study highlights the sensitivity and utility of coral geochemistry in this region for reliably reconstructing SST and monsoonal precipitation.
description: Paired strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) and d18O measurements at monthly resolution for two Porites lutea corals (BB and TN) recovered from Hon Tre Island, Vietnam.  The coral Sr/Ca data were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and oxygen isotopes were determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry ionisation mass spectrometry.  Blank sections in the beginning of TN represent no samples present (i.e. this was where the BB coral was younger than the TN coral). Other blanks in both BB and TN represent areas of growth that were not drillable (i.e. sections between coral slabs or areas where coralite growth was not optimal, see manuscript).
DOI: 10.25921/yxy8-7f42
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cherubini - Lausanne - ABAL - ITRDB SWIT294

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Cores are stored at: 
# WSL
# 
# 
# Notes: 
# Formerly lau_620_ABAL_R.tuc NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/ys4a-7d41
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Neuwirth - Nordrhein-Westfalen/Eifel dre12 - FASY - ITRDB GERM184

description: This paper introduces a new procedure to investigate the influence of weather types on spatio-temporal tree-ring growth patterns. Within the framework of the procedure a new proxy-based climate index termed as the atmospheric circulation tree-ring index (ACTI) is calculated that combines weather-type classification data with climate proxies. The new approach is tested using a Central European multi-species tree-ring width network consisting of 115 sites. The procedure used to calculate the ACTI time series includes: 1. Monte Carlo simulations, 2. multiple testing correction, and 3. selection and grouping algorithms. The tree-ring width series are grouped according to their weather-type responses, and the ACTI time series were computed for each group.

The new procedure explains the climate signal preserved in tree-ring chronologies more comprehensively because the complex interaction between the different climate elements is taken into account by using weather-type classification data. Strong correlations between the ACTI and tree-ring width series (r = 0.69) and between the ACTI time series and climate gridded datasets (r > 0.6) were observed. Further a correlation between ACTI and northern hemisphere mean temperatures (r = 0.5) were found. These results indicate that the ACTI enables the investigation of weather-type growth relationships.
description: 
# Purpose of Collection:
# climate/growth relationship NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/ypje-vd29
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Walker - Massachusetts-HWA - TSCA - ITRDB MA019

description: Context: 
Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an invasive insect that is defoliating and killing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the USA.
Aims: 
We quantified changes in tree-ring growth rates and wood anatomy for living trees infested with hemlock woolly adelgid across six sites from Massachusetts (42°41'N) to Georgia (34°53'N) to identify growth responses of eastern hemlock that had survived infestation.
Methods: 
Annual ring widths from infested eastern hemlocks were cross-dated and measured. Growth rates before and after infestation were compared. Two infested trees from Virginia were cut, and thin sections were prepared to identify changes in cell properties.
Results: 
At three sites, trees experienced a significant decrease in radial growth after hemlock woolly adelgid arrival; however, the other three sites showed no change or increase in growth. Latewood produced after hemlock woolly adelgid infestation had significantly smaller cells with reduced cell wall thickness compared to latewood prior to infestation.
Conclusion: 
At half the sites where hemlock woolly adelgid infested eastern hemlock trees were sampled, radial growth increased or remained unchanged. This unexpected response may be due to reduced competition due to mortality of other eastern hemlocks or physiological compensatory responses of increased photosynthetic rate and increased water use efficiency experienced by eastern hemlock infested with hemlock woolly adelgid. 
description: Purpose of Collection:
# Ecology - insect outbreaks
# 
# Cores are stored at:
# Virginia Tech Tree-Ring Lab
# 
# Notes:
# These cores were collected because of an insect outbreak. 
# Not recommended for use in climate reconstruction. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.3535/0k7-znr-chz
title: Brachiopoda Duméril, 1805

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/hpf-870-h6a
title: Miliolinella Wiesner, 1931

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/2cb-zm8-cdg
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vdj-tt9-q45
title: Pseudothurmannia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/vtw-g48-j9d
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3y0-xlz-302
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fxc-ppn-drn
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ykw-1cd-0kj
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0yw-2b4-stc
title: Bolivina spatuloides Hofker, 1956

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jk1-ww9-3rx
title: Nodulina dentaliniformis (Brady, 1881)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/p0x-640-sm0
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.