cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569814
title: BIOL 2050 - Lab 3: Sweep nets and transect tape

description: The objective was to use a distance based sampling method to determine the abundance and richness of insects inhabiting a given area. Using a combination of the sweep net method and transect method we were able to actively collect walking and flying insects. The dataset for this experiment was collected on Thursday, October 1 2015 between 3 and 4:00 pm within the grasslands of York University's Keele Campus. This region is isolated from human acitivity. The weather was sunny with a temperature of 15 degrees celsius. The direct sunlight allowed for clear visualization of organisms captured by the sweep net. The materials included in the study were: a stop watch to record time, notebook and pen to record data, transect tape for distance measurement and sweep net for gathering insects. The approach taken was carefully selected prior to the execution of this method. The grasslands were divided into 2 regions, mowed and non-mowed. This study had a total of 10 trials (n=10), 5 trials involved the mowed land and 5 trials involved the non-mowed land. This study involved the participation of all 4 group members (Adilah Ismail, Amrutha Balamurugan, Harshvir Hehar and Olivia Kazmierczak). Harshvir Hehar was responsible for laying out the transect tape to a distance of 20 m. All 10 placements of the transect tape were made cautiously to prevent abstraction of organisms from the same region. Adilah Ismail was responsible for gathering the insects using a sweep net. The sweep net was forcefully moved back and forth in a figure eight motion to extract as many insects as possible. The sweeping motion was kept consistent amongst both the mowed and non-mowed regions. High rising plants were not given any mercy. After sweeping, the net was flipped over so that the open portion of the net was facing the sky and then it was closed off using Adilah's hand to prevent insects from escaping. At this point the abundance and RTUs were counted. Amrutha Balamurugan recorded the time with a stopwatch. The time spent sampling was slightly different for each replicate (with an average time of 23.6 seconds). Olivia Kazmierczak recorded all the data in her notebook. After each trial all organisms captured were released to prevent recounting and restore them into their natural habitat. Overall this sampling method was slightly destructive. There were high concerns of reducing population. It did however, reveal a correlation between the region (mowed vs non-mowed) and abundance of a certain species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569812
title: Novel Diglycolamic Acid Functionalized Iron Oxide Particles for the Mutual Separation of Eu(III) and Am(III)

description: Iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles functionalized with diglycolamic acid (Fe-DGAH) were synthesized and characterized by TG-DTA, X-Ray diffraction,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction behavior of Am(III) and Eu(III) in Fe-DGAH was studied from dilute nitric acid medium to examine the feasibility for the mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using Fe-DGAH. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the duration of equilibration and concentrations of europium, nitric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The conditions needed for the efficient separation of Am(III) from Eu(III) were optimized using DTPA. The distribution ratio of ˜10<sup>4</sup> mL/g was obtained for both Am(III) and Eu(III) at pH 3, and it decreased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, a separation factor of Eu(III) over Am(III) of ˜150 was achieved in the presence of DTPA. Rapid sorption of metal ions in the initial stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium occurred within 2 h. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the apparent europium sorption capacity was determined to be ˜50 mg/g. The study indicated the feasibility of using Fe-DGAH particles for magnetic separation of Eu(III) from Am(III) with high separation factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569800
title: ECO 2050, Lab 3, WK4, Field Training with Animals, AL0403

description: This field training data collection ocurred at the Woodlot are of York University at 2:30 on October 1st 2015, the temperature was roughly 14 degrees celsius and it was a sunny, cloudless day. The goal of the experiment was to determine the abundance and species richness of birds within the woodlot and grassland areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569812.v1
title: Novel Diglycolamic Acid Functionalized Iron Oxide Particles for the Mutual Separation of Eu(III) and Am(III)

description: Iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles functionalized with diglycolamic acid (Fe-DGAH) were synthesized and characterized by TG-DTA, X-Ray diffraction,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction behavior of Am(III) and Eu(III) in Fe-DGAH was studied from dilute nitric acid medium to examine the feasibility for the mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using Fe-DGAH. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the duration of equilibration and concentrations of europium, nitric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The conditions needed for the efficient separation of Am(III) from Eu(III) were optimized using DTPA. The distribution ratio of ˜10<sup>4</sup> mL/g was obtained for both Am(III) and Eu(III) at pH 3, and it decreased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, a separation factor of Eu(III) over Am(III) of ˜150 was achieved in the presence of DTPA. Rapid sorption of metal ions in the initial stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium occurred within 2 h. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the apparent europium sorption capacity was determined to be ˜50 mg/g. The study indicated the feasibility of using Fe-DGAH particles for magnetic separation of Eu(III) from Am(III) with high separation factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569800.v1
title: ECO 2050, Lab 3, WK4, Field Training with Animals, AL0403

description: This field training data collection ocurred at the Woodlot are of York University at 2:30 on October 1st 2015, the temperature was roughly 14 degrees celsius and it was a sunny, cloudless day. The goal of the experiment was to determine the abundance and species richness of birds within the woodlot and grassland areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569812.v2
title: Novel Diglycolamic Acid Functionalized Iron Oxide Particles for the Mutual Separation of Eu(III) and Am(III)

description: Iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles functionalized with diglycolamic acid (Fe-DGAH) were synthesized and characterized by TG-DTA, X-Ray diffraction,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction behavior of Am(III) and Eu(III) in Fe-DGAH was studied from dilute nitric acid medium to examine the feasibility for the mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using Fe-DGAH. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the duration of equilibration and concentrations of europium, nitric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The conditions needed for the efficient separation of Am(III) from Eu(III) were optimized using DTPA. The distribution ratio of ˜10<sup>4</sup> mL/g was obtained for both Am(III) and Eu(III) at pH 3, and it decreased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, a separation factor of Eu(III) over Am(III) of ˜150 was achieved in the presence of DTPA. Rapid sorption of metal ions in the initial stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium occurred within 2 h. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the apparent europium sorption capacity was determined to be ˜50 mg/g. The study indicated the feasibility of using Fe-DGAH particles for magnetic separation of Eu(III) from Am(III) with high separation factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569812.v3
title: Novel Diglycolamic Acid Functionalized Iron Oxide Particles for the Mutual Separation of Eu(III) and Am(III)

description: Iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles functionalized with diglycolamic acid (Fe-DGAH) were synthesized and characterized by TG-DTA, X-Ray diffraction,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction behavior of Am(III) and Eu(III) in Fe-DGAH was studied from dilute nitric acid medium to examine the feasibility for the mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using Fe-DGAH. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the duration of equilibration and concentrations of europium, nitric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The conditions needed for the efficient separation of Am(III) from Eu(III) were optimized using DTPA. The distribution ratio of ˜10<sup>4</sup> mL/g was obtained for both Am(III) and Eu(III) at pH 3, and it decreased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, a separation factor of Eu(III) over Am(III) of ˜150 was achieved in the presence of DTPA. Rapid sorption of metal ions in the initial stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium occurred within 2 h. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the apparent europium sorption capacity was determined to be ˜50 mg/g. The study indicated the feasibility of using Fe-DGAH particles for magnetic separation of Eu(III) from Am(III) with high separation factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569788
title: Quantification of parasite shedding and horizontal transmission parameters in <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>-infected turkeys determined by real-time quantitative PCR

description: To gain more insight into the within flock transmission of <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>, the shedding of parasites was quantified by a newly developed real-time quantitative (q)PCR and the basic reproduction number (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>) and the mean number of secondary infections per infectious bird per day in a susceptible population (<i>β</i>) of <i>H. meleagridis</i> in the absence of heterakis were assessed. Forty turkeys were divided into two groups of 10 and 30 birds at 14 days of age. Birds of the first group were inoculated with 200,000 histomonads each, the second group served as a susceptible contact group. Cloacal swabs were taken at −1, 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18 and 21 days post inoculation (p.i.) to assess the shedding of the parasite by the qPCR (detection limit 330 histomonads/ml droppings). The experiment ended at 28 days p.i. Mortality was 100% in the inoculated birds and started at day 12 p.i., while in the contacts, it was 83% and started at 16 days p.i. Shedding started 1 day after the inoculation in both groups. The mean shedding levels (and 95% CI) expressed as parasite equivalents per gram cloacal content on a log<sub>10</sub> scale in the inoculated, contact birds that died and contact birds alive were 2.0 (1.6–2.4), 1.6 (1.4–1.9) and 1.2 (0.5–2.0), respectively. Birds that died shed histomonas more often and were infectious for 13.4 days; in contrast, those that recovered were infectious for 5.7 days. <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> was estimated to be 8.4 and <i>β</i> 0.70. Simulations made with the parameters obtained were in agreement with the experimental results, confirming their validity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569812.v5
title: Novel Diglycolamic Acid Functionalized Iron Oxide Particles for the Mutual Separation of Eu(III) and Am(III)

description: Iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles functionalized with diglycolamic acid (Fe-DGAH) were synthesized and characterized by TG-DTA, X-Ray diffraction,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction behavior of Am(III) and Eu(III) in Fe-DGAH was studied from dilute nitric acid medium to examine the feasibility for the mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using Fe-DGAH. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the duration of equilibration and concentrations of europium, nitric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The conditions needed for the efficient separation of Am(III) from Eu(III) were optimized using DTPA. The distribution ratio of ˜10<sup>4</sup> mL/g was obtained for both Am(III) and Eu(III) at pH 3, and it decreased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, a separation factor of Eu(III) over Am(III) of ˜150 was achieved in the presence of DTPA. Rapid sorption of metal ions in the initial stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium occurred within 2 h. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the apparent europium sorption capacity was determined to be ˜50 mg/g. The study indicated the feasibility of using Fe-DGAH particles for magnetic separation of Eu(III) from Am(III) with high separation factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569788.v1
title: Quantification of parasite shedding and horizontal transmission parameters in <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>-infected turkeys determined by real-time quantitative PCR

description: To gain more insight into the within flock transmission of <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>, the shedding of parasites was quantified by a newly developed real-time quantitative (q)PCR and the basic reproduction number (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>) and the mean number of secondary infections per infectious bird per day in a susceptible population (<i>β</i>) of <i>H. meleagridis</i> in the absence of heterakis were assessed. Forty turkeys were divided into two groups of 10 and 30 birds at 14 days of age. Birds of the first group were inoculated with 200,000 histomonads each, the second group served as a susceptible contact group. Cloacal swabs were taken at −1, 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18 and 21 days post inoculation (p.i.) to assess the shedding of the parasite by the qPCR (detection limit 330 histomonads/ml droppings). The experiment ended at 28 days p.i. Mortality was 100% in the inoculated birds and started at day 12 p.i., while in the contacts, it was 83% and started at 16 days p.i. Shedding started 1 day after the inoculation in both groups. The mean shedding levels (and 95% CI) expressed as parasite equivalents per gram cloacal content on a log<sub>10</sub> scale in the inoculated, contact birds that died and contact birds alive were 2.0 (1.6–2.4), 1.6 (1.4–1.9) and 1.2 (0.5–2.0), respectively. Birds that died shed histomonas more often and were infectious for 13.4 days; in contrast, those that recovered were infectious for 5.7 days. <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> was estimated to be 8.4 and <i>β</i> 0.70. Simulations made with the parameters obtained were in agreement with the experimental results, confirming their validity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569812.v4
title: Novel Diglycolamic Acid Functionalized Iron Oxide Particles for the Mutual Separation of Eu(III) and Am(III)

description: ABSTRACTIron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) particles functionalized with diglycolamic acid (Fe-DGAH) were synthesized and characterized by TG-DTA, X-Ray diffraction,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction behavior of Am(III) and Eu(III) in Fe-DGAH was studied from dilute nitric acid medium to examine the feasibility for the mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using Fe-DGAH. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the duration of equilibration and concentrations of europium, nitric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The conditions needed for the efficient separation of Am(III) from Eu(III) were optimized using DTPA. The distribution ratio of ~10<sup>4</sup> mL/g was obtained for both Am(III) and Eu(III) at pH 3, and it decreased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, a separation factor of Eu(III) over Am(III) of ~150 was achieved in the presence of DTPA. Rapid sorption of metal ions in the initial stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium occurred within 2 h. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the apparent europium sorption capacity was determined to be ~50 mg/g. The study indicated the feasibility of using Fe-DGAH particles for magnetic separation of Eu(III) from Am(III) with high separation factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569781
title: Mass Spectrometry or Osganotropic Exosomes

description: Cancer Exosomes
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569773
title: Finite element implementation of a new model of slight compressibility for transversely isotropic materials

description: Modelling transversely isotropic materials in finite strain problems is a complex task in biomechanics, and is usually addressed by using finite element (FE) simulations. The standard method developed to account for the quasi-incompressible nature of soft tissues is to decompose the strain energy function (SEF) into volumetric and deviatoric parts. However, this decomposition is only valid for fully incompressible materials, and its use for slightly compressible materials yields an unphysical response during the simulation of hydrostatic tension/compression of a transversely isotropic material. This paper presents the FE implementation as subroutines of a new volumetric model solving this deficiency in two FE codes: Abaqus and FEBio. This model also has the specificity of restoring the compatibility with small strain theory. The stress and elasticity tensors are first derived for a general SEF. This is followed by a successful convergence check using a particular SEF and a suite of single-element tests showing that this new model does not only correct the hydrostatic deficiency but may also affect stresses during shear tests (Poynting effect) and lateral stretches during uniaxial tests (Poisson's effect). These FE subroutines have numerous applications including the modelling of tendons, ligaments, heart tissue, etc. The biomechanics community should be aware of specificities of the standard model, and the new model should be used when accurate FE results are desired in the case of compressible materials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569773.v1
title: Finite element implementation of a new model of slight compressibility for transversely isotropic materials

description: Modelling transversely isotropic materials in finite strain problems is a complex task in biomechanics, and is usually addressed by using finite element (FE) simulations. The standard method developed to account for the quasi-incompressible nature of soft tissues is to decompose the strain energy function (SEF) into volumetric and deviatoric parts. However, this decomposition is only valid for fully incompressible materials, and its use for slightly compressible materials yields an unphysical response during the simulation of hydrostatic tension/compression of a transversely isotropic material. This paper presents the FE implementation as subroutines of a new volumetric model solving this deficiency in two FE codes: Abaqus and FEBio. This model also has the specificity of restoring the compatibility with small strain theory. The stress and elasticity tensors are first derived for a general SEF. This is followed by a successful convergence check using a particular SEF and a suite of single-element tests showing that this new model does not only correct the hydrostatic deficiency but may also affect stresses during shear tests (Poynting effect) and lateral stretches during uniaxial tests (Poisson's effect). These FE subroutines have numerous applications including the modelling of tendons, ligaments, heart tissue, etc. The biomechanics community should be aware of specificities of the standard model, and the new model should be used when accurate FE results are desired in the case of compressible materials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569754
title: Dynein prevents erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis

description: Equal distribution of the genetic material during cell division relies on efficient congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate. Prior to their alignment, the Dynein motor recruited to kinetochores transports a fraction of laterally-attached chromosomes along microtubules toward the spindle poles. By doing that, Dynein not only contributes to chromosome movements, but also prevents premature stabilization of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This is achieved by 2 parallel mechanisms: 1) Dynein-mediated poleward movement of chromosomes counteracts opposite polar-ejection forces (PEFs) on chromosome arms by the microtubule plus-end-directed motors chromokinesins. Otherwise, they could stabilize erroneous syntelic kinetochore-microtubule attachments and lead to the random ejection of chromosomes away from the spindle poles; and 2) By transporting chromosomes to the spindle poles, Dynein brings the former to the zone of highest Aurora A kinase activity, further destabilizing kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Thus, Dynein plays an important role in keeping chromosome segregation error-free by preventing premature stabilization of kinetochore-microtubule attachments near the spindle poles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569754.v2
title: Dynein prevents erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis

description: Equal distribution of the genetic material during cell division relies on efficient congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate. Prior to their alignment, the Dynein motor recruited to kinetochores transports a fraction of laterally-attached chromosomes along microtubules toward the spindle poles. By doing that, Dynein not only contributes to chromosome movements, but also prevents premature stabilization of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This is achieved by 2 parallel mechanisms: 1) Dynein-mediated poleward movement of chromosomes counteracts opposite polar-ejection forces (PEFs) on chromosome arms by the microtubule plus-end-directed motors chromokinesins. Otherwise, they could stabilize erroneous syntelic kinetochore-microtubule attachments and lead to the random ejection of chromosomes away from the spindle poles; and 2) By transporting chromosomes to the spindle poles, Dynein brings the former to the zone of highest Aurora A kinase activity, further destabilizing kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Thus, Dynein plays an important role in keeping chromosome segregation error-free by preventing premature stabilization of kinetochore-microtubule attachments near the spindle poles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1569750
title: A refinement of the Band spreadsheet for wind turbine collision risk allowing for oblique entry

description: A new spreadsheet is presented, to be used as part of the Band model for estimating potential avian mortality due to wind turbine strike. The spreadsheet extends the Band collision risk spreadsheet by allowing for oblique approach angles and wind speed. The differences in the results between this new spreadsheet and the standard Band spreadsheet are given for two species, the white-tailed eagle <i>Haliaeetus albicilla</i> and the South Island pied oystercatcher <i>Haematopus finschi</i>, chosen for their contrasting sizes and flight characteristics. Under more representative conditions, the true risk for large birds is shown to be substantially greater than that calculated by the Band spreadsheet. Examples of how to use the new spreadsheet with bird survey and wind data are given.