cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017431
title: Acute effect of motor imagery on basketball players' free throw performance and self-efficacy

description: It is becoming ever more common for the difference between winning and losing in sport to be decided by the smallest details. In basketball, free throws can be a differentiating factor between teams and motor imagery (IMA) has been studied as a potential ergogenic agent to improve free throw performance, but little attention as been given to its acute effects, particularly among athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a single mental training session on the free throw performance and self-efficacy of young athletes. Eleven young basketball players from the Federação Paulista de Basquete junior league were enrolled on the study. Players were either allocated to an IMA group and watched a 1 minute video before a 3-minute motor imagery session, or to a control group and were rested for 4 minutes, before taking 10 free throw shots in both cases. All participants completed a self-efficacy questionnaire before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon test, plus measures of Smallest Worthwhile Change (SWC). There were no significant difference between median results for the two groups, but the SWC statistic indicated an 84% likelihood that mental training had a beneficial effect on performance in the first two free throws. It is concluded that motor imagery used in advance has an 84% chance of having a beneficial effect on performance in up to two free throws.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017431.v1
title: Acute effect of motor imagery on basketball players' free throw performance and self-efficacy

description: It is becoming ever more common for the difference between winning and losing in sport to be decided by the smallest details. In basketball, free throws can be a differentiating factor between teams and motor imagery (IMA) has been studied as a potential ergogenic agent to improve free throw performance, but little attention as been given to its acute effects, particularly among athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a single mental training session on the free throw performance and self-efficacy of young athletes. Eleven young basketball players from the Federação Paulista de Basquete junior league were enrolled on the study. Players were either allocated to an IMA group and watched a 1 minute video before a 3-minute motor imagery session, or to a control group and were rested for 4 minutes, before taking 10 free throw shots in both cases. All participants completed a self-efficacy questionnaire before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon test, plus measures of Smallest Worthwhile Change (SWC). There were no significant difference between median results for the two groups, but the SWC statistic indicated an 84% likelihood that mental training had a beneficial effect on performance in the first two free throws. It is concluded that motor imagery used in advance has an 84% chance of having a beneficial effect on performance in up to two free throws.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017432
title: Effects of ball recovery on top-level soccer attacking patterns of play

description: In soccer, ball recovery is the purpose of the defensive phase and it is also the first stage of the attack. Identifying how and where the ball is regained in elite competitions, taking in consideration the competition stage, is central to an understanding of the attacking patterns and of the diachronic order of events, and such knowledge can be used to develop specific drills in training. This study aims to characterize ball recovery patterns while taking into account the pitch zone(s) and the competition stage, and to investigate the influence of each type of ball recovery on the subsequent patterns of attacking play in matches played by the World Cup 2010 semi-finalists. Observational methodology and lag sequential analysis were applied, with the use of SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software and SDIS-GSEQ analytic software. Twenty-four matches were recorded from public TV broadcasts, yielding 1,619 attacks. Direct ball recovery was the most common form, with a tackle and defensive behaviour followed by a pass in the central mid-defensive zone resulting in goal attempts. Interceptions occurred mainly in the central mid-offensive zone inducing unsuccessful attacking patterns of play, while interventions by goalkeepers were most likely to occur in the central defensive zone with no significant associations with any ending of attack behaviours. Patterns of attacking play depend on the form of ball recovery. The pitch space and the form of ball recovery are similar when we compare both stages of the World Cup 2010.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017432.v1
title: Effects of ball recovery on top-level soccer attacking patterns of play

description: In soccer, ball recovery is the purpose of the defensive phase and it is also the first stage of the attack. Identifying how and where the ball is regained in elite competitions, taking in consideration the competition stage, is central to an understanding of the attacking patterns and of the diachronic order of events, and such knowledge can be used to develop specific drills in training. This study aims to characterize ball recovery patterns while taking into account the pitch zone(s) and the competition stage, and to investigate the influence of each type of ball recovery on the subsequent patterns of attacking play in matches played by the World Cup 2010 semi-finalists. Observational methodology and lag sequential analysis were applied, with the use of SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software and SDIS-GSEQ analytic software. Twenty-four matches were recorded from public TV broadcasts, yielding 1,619 attacks. Direct ball recovery was the most common form, with a tackle and defensive behaviour followed by a pass in the central mid-defensive zone resulting in goal attempts. Interceptions occurred mainly in the central mid-offensive zone inducing unsuccessful attacking patterns of play, while interventions by goalkeepers were most likely to occur in the central defensive zone with no significant associations with any ending of attack behaviours. Patterns of attacking play depend on the form of ball recovery. The pitch space and the form of ball recovery are similar when we compare both stages of the World Cup 2010.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017435
title: Effect of water intake on postexercise cardiovascular recovery

description: Physical exercise elicits an increase in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and, consequently, in the rate-pressure product (RPP). Recovery of HR immediately after exercise indicates cardiovascular health. Blood pressure also decreases after exercise, occasionally reaching values lower than pre-exercise levels (postexercise hypotension). Studies have shown a positive effect of water intake on HR recovery after exercise. However, little is known about the effect of water intake on postexercise BP and RPP responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water intake on postexercise cardiac work assessed by HR, BP and RPP. Fourteen healthy volunteers (22 ± 1.4 years) participated in the study. The experimental session consisted of HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) recording at rest, followed by submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Next, the subjects consumed water and the cardiovascular variables were recorded during recovery. In addition, a control session without postexercise water intake was performed. The RPP was calculated from the product of HR and SBP. Water intake prevented a postexercise hypotensive effect on DBP, but accelerated postexercise HR and RPP reduction during recovery when compared to the control session. It was concluded that water intake is an effective strategy to reduce postexercise cardiac work.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017435.v1
title: Effect of water intake on postexercise cardiovascular recovery

description: Physical exercise elicits an increase in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and, consequently, in the rate-pressure product (RPP). Recovery of HR immediately after exercise indicates cardiovascular health. Blood pressure also decreases after exercise, occasionally reaching values lower than pre-exercise levels (postexercise hypotension). Studies have shown a positive effect of water intake on HR recovery after exercise. However, little is known about the effect of water intake on postexercise BP and RPP responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water intake on postexercise cardiac work assessed by HR, BP and RPP. Fourteen healthy volunteers (22 ± 1.4 years) participated in the study. The experimental session consisted of HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) recording at rest, followed by submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Next, the subjects consumed water and the cardiovascular variables were recorded during recovery. In addition, a control session without postexercise water intake was performed. The RPP was calculated from the product of HR and SBP. Water intake prevented a postexercise hypotensive effect on DBP, but accelerated postexercise HR and RPP reduction during recovery when compared to the control session. It was concluded that water intake is an effective strategy to reduce postexercise cardiac work.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017437
title: Kinetic analysis of floor-to-stair transition gait of elderly with different functional levels

description: Climbing stairs represents a difficult and dangerous task for the elderly, and its performance depends on the functional ability level of the subject. The aim of this study was to compare the kinetic parameters of the floor-to-stair transition gait of elderly with different levels of functionality. The sample comprised 34 subjects, divided into two groups through Cluster techniques according to the results of functional tests (Timed Up & Go and sit-to-stand test), with G1 being the group with lower functionality (n=13, 72.61 ± 0.28 years) and G2 the group with greater functionality (n=21, 69.14 ± 4.96 years). Ground reaction force (GRF) data was captured with one AMTI force plate at a frequency of 1000 Hz, placed over the first step of a stairs with 4 steps (17.5 cm high x 29 cm wide and 31° slope). Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis (p≤0.05). G2 presented higher vertical GRF and lower support time in the ascending phase (p≤0.05). There were practically no differences in GRF values between groups in the descending phase. Based on these findings, we concluded that GRFs are influenced by subject's functional ability level and can influence the risk of falls during stair ascent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017437.v1
title: Kinetic analysis of floor-to-stair transition gait of elderly with different functional levels

description: Climbing stairs represents a difficult and dangerous task for the elderly, and its performance depends on the functional ability level of the subject. The aim of this study was to compare the kinetic parameters of the floor-to-stair transition gait of elderly with different levels of functionality. The sample comprised 34 subjects, divided into two groups through Cluster techniques according to the results of functional tests (Timed Up & Go and sit-to-stand test), with G1 being the group with lower functionality (n=13, 72.61 ± 0.28 years) and G2 the group with greater functionality (n=21, 69.14 ± 4.96 years). Ground reaction force (GRF) data was captured with one AMTI force plate at a frequency of 1000 Hz, placed over the first step of a stairs with 4 steps (17.5 cm high x 29 cm wide and 31° slope). Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis (p≤0.05). G2 presented higher vertical GRF and lower support time in the ascending phase (p≤0.05). There were practically no differences in GRF values between groups in the descending phase. Based on these findings, we concluded that GRFs are influenced by subject's functional ability level and can influence the risk of falls during stair ascent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017438.v1
title: Sport context and the motor development of children

description: Over the last 30 years there has been a considerable increase of research in the field of motor development. Although the first reports were based on biological factors, current discussions include the role of the environment in the process of motor development. The aim of this study was to compare the motor performance of children enrolled in sports centers to that of children only attending physical education classes. Eighty-seven children aged 8 to 10 years enrolled in centers offering training in rhythmic gymnastics (n=20), handball (n=26) and indoor soccer (n=16) and children attending only physical education classes (n=25) participated in the study. Data were analyzed by inferential statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and discriminant analysis, adopting a level of significance of α=0.05. The results showed differences between groups (p&lt;0.001). Children attending only physical education classes showed lower performance, whereas children enrolled in sports centers performed better in the motor skills related to the requirements of each discipline. The statistical model also discriminated and classified correctly 79.3% of the children participating or not in some sports discipline. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the sport context influences the level of motor performance and motor skills according to the requirements of the sport practiced.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017438
title: Sport context and the motor development of children

description: Over the last 30 years there has been a considerable increase of research in the field of motor development. Although the first reports were based on biological factors, current discussions include the role of the environment in the process of motor development. The aim of this study was to compare the motor performance of children enrolled in sports centers to that of children only attending physical education classes. Eighty-seven children aged 8 to 10 years enrolled in centers offering training in rhythmic gymnastics (n=20), handball (n=26) and indoor soccer (n=16) and children attending only physical education classes (n=25) participated in the study. Data were analyzed by inferential statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and discriminant analysis, adopting a level of significance of α=0.05. The results showed differences between groups (p&lt;0.001). Children attending only physical education classes showed lower performance, whereas children enrolled in sports centers performed better in the motor skills related to the requirements of each discipline. The statistical model also discriminated and classified correctly 79.3% of the children participating or not in some sports discipline. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the sport context influences the level of motor performance and motor skills according to the requirements of the sport practiced.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017440
title: Discriminant analysis of pubertal maturation in young males based on anthropometric characteristics

description: The relationship between anthropometric variables and maturation stages is important for a more detailed monitoring of pubertal development and may provide a suitable tool for clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive contribution of anthropometric variables to pubertal maturation using multivariate discriminant analysis. A total of 190 boys aged 8 to 18 years, from public and private schools in Natal, Brazil, participated in the study. Thirty-two anthropometric variables were measured and pubertal maturation was evaluated objectively by observing pubic hair development. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, inferential analysis of variance, and multivariate discriminant analysis were used for statistical analysis. Pubertal advancement was accompanied by significant changes in anthropometric variables (p&lt;0.05). Discriminant analysis identified eight variables with a high predictive capacity of pubertal maturation: age, sitting height, biacromial breadth, acromiale-radiale, trochanterion-tibiale laterale and tibiale laterale bone lengths, and abdominal and forearm girths. The anthropometric variables showed a high correlation with the classification of pubertal maturation, demonstrating a high predictive level among them. These findings indicate the possibility of developing a predictive equation for pubertal stages.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017440.v1
title: Discriminant analysis of pubertal maturation in young males based on anthropometric characteristics

description: The relationship between anthropometric variables and maturation stages is important for a more detailed monitoring of pubertal development and may provide a suitable tool for clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive contribution of anthropometric variables to pubertal maturation using multivariate discriminant analysis. A total of 190 boys aged 8 to 18 years, from public and private schools in Natal, Brazil, participated in the study. Thirty-two anthropometric variables were measured and pubertal maturation was evaluated objectively by observing pubic hair development. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, inferential analysis of variance, and multivariate discriminant analysis were used for statistical analysis. Pubertal advancement was accompanied by significant changes in anthropometric variables (p&lt;0.05). Discriminant analysis identified eight variables with a high predictive capacity of pubertal maturation: age, sitting height, biacromial breadth, acromiale-radiale, trochanterion-tibiale laterale and tibiale laterale bone lengths, and abdominal and forearm girths. The anthropometric variables showed a high correlation with the classification of pubertal maturation, demonstrating a high predictive level among them. These findings indicate the possibility of developing a predictive equation for pubertal stages.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017441
title: Ratings of perceived exertion in an incremental test in elderly women

description: Although the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is used in the evaluation and prescription of physical activity for the elderly, some subjects might find it hard tounderstand the Borg scale. This study aimed to verify whether elderly women could notice, associate, and report changes in physical effort using the perceived exertion scale in response to a stress test. We also aimed to verify the possibility of predicting a respiratory compensation point (RCP) using the Borg scale. Twenty six elderly women took a stress test on a treadmill, with ergospirometry and ECG monitoring and RPE in a ramp protocol. Based on the RPEs for different exercise intensities (low, moderate, high), we assessed the women's perception, association, and report of changes in physical effort. Eight subjects (30.77%) did not notice, associate or report changes in effort using RPE. For those who did, the percentage of maximum workload at the moment of RPE 13 (69.92 ± 10,30) and 14 (78.90 ± 11,00) did not differ significantly from the one at the moment of RCP (75.45 ± 9.65). We conclude that some elderly women may have difficulties noticing, associating and reporting changes in physical effort using the Borg scale. However, for those who do not have any difficulty, RPE 13 and 14 coincide with the RCP.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017441.v1
title: Ratings of perceived exertion in an incremental test in elderly women

description: Although the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is used in the evaluation and prescription of physical activity for the elderly, some subjects might find it hard tounderstand the Borg scale. This study aimed to verify whether elderly women could notice, associate, and report changes in physical effort using the perceived exertion scale in response to a stress test. We also aimed to verify the possibility of predicting a respiratory compensation point (RCP) using the Borg scale. Twenty six elderly women took a stress test on a treadmill, with ergospirometry and ECG monitoring and RPE in a ramp protocol. Based on the RPEs for different exercise intensities (low, moderate, high), we assessed the women's perception, association, and report of changes in physical effort. Eight subjects (30.77%) did not notice, associate or report changes in effort using RPE. For those who did, the percentage of maximum workload at the moment of RPE 13 (69.92 ± 10,30) and 14 (78.90 ± 11,00) did not differ significantly from the one at the moment of RCP (75.45 ± 9.65). We conclude that some elderly women may have difficulties noticing, associating and reporting changes in physical effort using the Borg scale. However, for those who do not have any difficulty, RPE 13 and 14 coincide with the RCP.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20017443
title: Does socioeconomic status mediate the association between adiposity and musculoskeletal fitness in boys?

description: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of high body adiposity and its association with musculoskeletal fitness in male children and adolescents according to socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out with 1,531 school children (6-17 years old) attending public schools in Cascavel, state of Paraná, Brazil. Body adiposity was estimated based on skinfold thickness. Information was also collected on chronological age, socioeconomic status, sexual maturation, performance in physical tests such as sit and reach, 1-minute sit-up, stationary long jump and Shuttle run. Statistical analyses were performed (Student's unpaired t test and Poisson regression) taking into consideration socioeconomic status (high and low+middle), with p&lt;0.05. High body adiposity was observed in 30.4% of the sample, and was greater (p&lt;0.05) among those of high socioeconomic status (33.3% vs 28.3%). After adjustment for all variables, high body adiposity was associated with low abdominal resistance (PR=1.44; CI95%=1.05-1.99) and lower limb power (PR=2.09; CI95%=1.46-1.98) in the low socioeconomic status group. In the high socioeconomic status group, the outcome was associated with low abdominal resistance (PR=1.72; CI95%=1.17-2.51) and with intermediate (PR=2.83; CI95%=1.76-4.55) and low (PR=3.90; CI95%=2.38-6.38) lower limb power. In both socioeconomic levels, lower musculoskeletal fitness (abdominal resistance and lower limb power) was associated with high body adiposity. However, the magnitude of the association between muscular capacity and high body adiposity seems to differ according to socioeconomic status.