DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hj0
title: Data from: Unisexual flowers as a resolution to intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites

description: In dioecious populations, males and females may evolve different trait
 values to increase fitness through their respective sexual functions.
 Because the two sexual functions are expressed by the same individual in
 hermaphroditic populations, resolving sexual conflict is potentially more
 difficult. Here, we show that the modularity of plants may allow
 hermaphrodites to resolve sexual conflict because modules with different
 genders can promote fitness through their specialized sexual functions by
 expressing a correspondingly optimal trait value. We analyzed the
 flowering phenology, sex allocation, and selection gradients on floral
 traits of flowers of the andromonoecious plant Pulsatilla alpina, which
 produces both bisexual and male flowers. Our results indicate that strong
 protogyny prevents early bisexual flowers from profiting from high siring
 opportunities early in the reproductive season at a time when male flowers
 are able to achieve high siring success. Andromonoecy therefore resolves
 sexual conflict experienced by bisexual flowers in strongly protogynous
 populations. Our study illustrates the resolution of sexual conflict
 arising from phenological constraints via modular divergence in sex
 allocation. We discuss the extent to which modular variation in sex
 allocation in species with other sexual systems involving bisexuality may
 be explained similarly.
description: # Unisexual flowers as a resolution to intralocus sexual conflict in
 hermaphrodites This README file was generated on 2023-11-09 by Kai-Hsiu
 Chen. ## GENERAL INFORMATION ### Title: Unisexual flowers as a resolution
 to intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites proceedings of the royal
 society B, 2023 ### Authors: Kai-Hsiu Chen1 and John R. Pannell1 ###
 Affiliations: Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne,
 Switzerland ### Correspondance: Kai-Hsiu Chen (kai-hsiu.chen@unil.ch) ###
 Date of data collection: 2022.5-8 ### Location: Solalex, Vaud, Switzerland
 ################################################################################################ ## DATA and R CODES for analyses in the paper ### Pistil availability R file: Fig.2_Pistil_stamen_availability.R Data used: Pistil_availability.csv; Pistil_availability_detail.csv; Pistil_availability_onlyB.csv Output: Figure 2 ### Delayed onset R file: Fig.3_Delayed_onset.R Data used: Delayed_onset.csv; population.csv Output: Figure 3; Table S1 ### Sexual conflict R file: Fig.4_Sexual_conflict.R Data used: Hermaphrodite_fitness_SexualConflict.csv Output: Figure 4; Table 1; Table S2 ### Resolution of the conflict R file: Fig.5_Resolution_.R Data used: Resolution_SexualConflict.csv Output: Figure 5; Table S3 ### Sexual antagonistic index Data used: SA_Index.csv Output: Table 1 ################################################################################################## ## LIST and DETAILS of DATASETS ### Pistil_availability.csv *stamens from both male and bisexual flowers included 1.Number of variables: 5 2.Number of cases/rows: 16 3.Variable List: a)Julian_date: date of each census throughout the flowering season b)Standardized_date: standardized Julian date according to the scale used in the selection analysis c)Pistil_number_pop: total pistil number within population d)Stamen_number_pop: total stamen number from both male and bisexual flowers within population e)Pistil_availability: number of pistils available per stamen within population ### Pistil_availability_onlyB.csv *only stamens from bisexual flowers included 1.Number of variables: 5 2.Number of cases/rows: 16 3.Variable List: a)Julian_date: date of each census throughout the flowering season b)Standardized_date: standardized Julian date according to the scale used in the selection analysis c)Pistil_number_pop: total pistil number within population d)Stamen_number_pop: total stamen number from bisexual flowers within population e)Pistil_availability: number of pistils available per stamen within population *NA values because of no stamen present in the population ### Pistil_availability_detail.csv *pistils and stamens from both male and bisexual flowers 1.Number of variables: 6 2.Number of cases/rows: 48 (3 types of flowers * 16 census) 3.Variable List: a)Julian_date: date of each census throughout the flowering season b)Standardized_date: standardized Julian date according to the scale used in the selection analysis c)Number: total number of pisitls or stamens of the type of flower within population d)Number_of: type of flowers (i.e., pistils from female-stage bisexual flowers, stamens from male-stage bisexual flowers, and stamens from male flowers) e)Flower_number: number of flowers (for Figure S2) f)Stage: types of flowers (equivelent to d)Number_of; for Figure S2) ### Delayed_onset.csv 1.Number of variables: 8 2.Number of cases/rows: 175 3.Variable List: a)Ind_ID: individual identity b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male) d)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the flower e)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (N: intact; Half: 50% removal; All: 100%) *NA due to missing date f)Flowering_M: date of the begining of the male function *NA due to missing data g)Flowering_F: date of the begining of the female function *NA due to missing data h)Delayed_onset_M: f) minus g) *NA due to missing data ### Hermaphrodite_fitness_SexualConflict.csv *each flower has two rows each for its female and male function 1.Number of variables: 14 2.Number of cases/rows: 114 (57 flowers) 3.Variable List: a)Ind_ID: individual identity b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male) d)Sex_function: male or female e)Stamen_number_func: Number of stamens after removal f)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (N: intact; Half: 50% removal; All: 100%) g)Petal_length: tepal length *NA due to missing data h)Stalk_height: height of stalk *NA due to missing data i)Flowering_F: date of the begining of the female function *NA due to missing data j)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the flower k)RS_AD_ID93: reproductive success when inbreeding depression is 0.93 l)RS_AD_ID93_s: relative k) m)T_RS_AD_ID93: total reproductive success when inbreeding depression is 0.93 n)T_RS_AD_ID93_s: relative m) ### Resolution_SexualConflict.csv 1.Number of variables: 8 2.Number of cases/rows: 175 3.Variable List: a)Ind_ID: individual identity b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male) d)Stamen_number_allo_ori: Number of stamens before removal *NA due to missing data g)Petal_length: tepal length *NA due to missing data h)Stalk_height: height of stalk *NA due to missing data i)Flowering_O: date of the opening of the flower *NA due to missing data j)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the flower *NA due to missing data ### SA_Index.csv 1.Number of variables: 6 2.Number of cases/rows: 10 3.Variable List: a)Traits: 5 traits b)Selection_gradients: b (linear) or r (quadratic; before timing 2) c)F_function: female function d)M_function: male function e)SAS: sexual antagonistic selection f)SA_Index: sexual antagonistic index ### population.csv 1.Number of variables: 5 2.Number of cases/rows: 175 (all the flowers in the population) 3.Variable List: a)Ind_ID: individual identity b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male) d)Flower_number: number of flowers of the individual e)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (N: intact; Half: 50% removal; All: 100%)