cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gtj0s
title: Increased immune marker variance in a population of invasive birds

description: Immunity and parasites have been linked to the success of invasive
 species. Especially lower parasite burden in invasive populations has been
 suggested to enable a general downregulation of immune investment (Enemy
 Release and Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypotheses).
 Simultaneously, keeping high immune competence towards potentially newly
 acquired parasites in the invasive range is essential to allow population
 growth. To investigate the variation of immune effectors of
 invasive species, we compared the mean and variance of multiple immune
 effectors in the context of parasite prevalence in an invasive and a
 native Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) population. Three of ten
 immune effectors measured showed higher variance in the invasive
 population. Mean levels were higher in the invasive population for three
 effectors but lower for eosinophil granulocytes. Parasite prevalence
 depended on the parasite taxa investigated. We suggest that variation of
 specific immune effectors, which may be important for invasion success,
 may lead to higher variance and enable invasive species to reduce the
 overall physiological cost of immunity while maintaining the ability to
 efficiently defend against novel parasites encountered.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zs7h44j78
title: Data from: Impact of a recolonizing, cross-border carnivore population on ungulate harvest in Scandinavia

description: Predation from large carnivores and human harvest are the two main
 mortality factors affecting the dynamics of many ungulate populations. We
 examined long-term moose (Alces alces) harvest data from two countries
 that share cross-border populations of wolves (Canis lupus) and their main
 prey moose. We tested how a spatial gradient of increasing wolf territory
 density affected moose harvest density and age and sex composition of the
 harvested animals (n = 549,310), along a latitudinal gradient during
 1995-2017. In areas containing average-sized wolf territories, harvest
 density was on average 37% (Norway) and 51% (Sweden) lower than in areas
 without wolves. In Sweden, calves made up a higher proportion of the moose
 harvest than in Norway, and this proportion was reduced with increased
 wolf territory density, while it increased in Norway. The proportion of
 females in the adult harvest was more strongly reduced in Sweden than in
 Norway as a response to increased wolf territory density. Moose management
 in both countries performed actions aimed to increase productivity in the
 moose population, in order to compensate for the increased mortality
 caused by wolves. These management actions are empirical examples of an
 adaptive management in response to the return of large carnivores.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z34tmpgc2
title: Resource pulses influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of a large carnivore population

description: Resource availability is a key component in animal ecology, yet the manner
 in which carnivore populations respond to spatial and temporal
 fluctuations of resources remains unclear. We take a population-level
 approach to determine how resource pulses, in this case a temporary
 hyper-abundance of prey, influence the densities and space-use of cheetahs
 Acinonyx jubatus. The Maasai Mara in Kenya experiences an annual migration
 of &gt; 1.4 million wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus and large numbers
 of zebras Equus quagga and Thomson’s gazelle Eudorcas thomsonii thereby
 providing a natural experiment to examine the influence of resource pulses
 on carnivore movement and densities. To draw inferences on fluctuating
 cheetah densities and space-use, we collected unstructured
 search-encounter data during eight sampling sessions, four during and four
 out of the migration, and analysed these using Bayesian spatially-explicit
 capture–recapture (SECR) models with sex-specific detection function
 parameters. Both density and space-use fluctuated seasonally but this
 varied according to sex. Local cheetah densities increased in areas and
 during times when prey abundance was highest but this was more pronounced
 for females than males. In terms of space-use, movements were larger
 during the migration than out of the migration but this was more
 pronounced for males than females. These results suggest that males are
 influenced more by resource distribution whereas females by resource
 abundance. Overall densities did vary but there was no clear pattern in
 relation to resource pulses. Understanding the behavioural drivers of
 population dynamics in relation to resource pulses can provide important
 insights into ecological processes at multiple ecological levels.
description: These are the input files used for the Bayesian
 spatially-explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models with sex-specific
 detection function parameters to estimate cheetah densities, movement and
 sex ratios in the Maasai Mara (Kenya) in relation to resource
 pulses. See the ReadMe.txt file for details
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn07z
title: Life history and morphological traits of Lestes sponsa

description: Phenotypic plasticity can either hinder or promote adaptation to novel
 environments. Recent studies that have quantified alignments between
 plasticity, genetic variation and divergence propose that such alignments
 may reflect constraints that bias future evolutionary trajectories. Here,
 we emphasize that such alignments may themselves be a result of natural
 selection and do not necessarily indicate constraints on adaptation. We
 estimated developmental plasticity and broad sense genetic covariance
 matrices (G) among damselfly populations situated along a latitudinal
 gradient in Europe. Damselflies were reared at photoperiod treatments that
 simulated the seasonal time constraints experienced at northern (strong
 constraints) and southern (relaxed constraints) latitudes. This allowed us
 to partition the effects of (1) latitude, (2) photoperiod and (3)
 environmental novelty on G and its putative alignment with adaptive
 plasticity and divergence. Environmental novelty and latitude did not
 affect G, but photoperiod did. Photoperiod increased evolvability in the
 direction of observed adaptive divergence and developmental plasticity
 when G was assessed under strong seasonal time constraints at northern
 (relative to southern) photoperiod. Since selection and adaptation under
 time constraints is well understood in Lestes damselflies, our results
 suggest that natural selection can shape the alignment between divergence,
 plasticity and evolvability.
description: In 2018, we collected eggs from <i>L. sponsa</i>
 females that had been sampled from three latitudes in Europe: northern
 Sweden (northern: 66°N; <i>n</i>=34 females), central Sweden
 (central: 59°N; <i>n</i>=36) and north-western Poland
 (southern: 54°N; <i>n</i>=38) on 1 August, 23-27 July and 8-14
 August, and 29-30 July respectively.  Thereafter eggs were  hatched and
 larvae were reared as described in the article. We measured eight traits
 for 3-6 larvae from each clutch: larval development time between hatching
 and emergence, adult body mass at emergence, head width, thorax length,
 thorax width, abdomen length, tibia length (third leg on the right side)
 and wing length (posterior right wing). Exact landmarks, used to
 characterise the phenotype (see Supplementary Information 3), were
 measured from the first larvae that emerged from each clutch, with one
 clutch of eggs typically consisting of 50-100 eggs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djh9zd
title: Developing hierarchical density-structured models to study the national-scale dynamics of an arable weed

description: Population dynamics can be highly variable in the face of environmental
 heterogeneity, and understanding this variation is central in the study of
 ecology. Robust management decisions require that we understand how
 populations respond to management at a range of scales, and under a broad
 suite of conditions. Population models are potentially valuable tools in
 addressing this challenge. However, without adequate data, models can fail
 to produce useful results. Populations of arable weeds are particularly
 problematic in this respect, as they are widespread and their dynamics are
 extremely variable. Owing to the inherent cost of collecting data, most
 studies of weed population dynamics are derived from localized experiments
 under a small range of environmental conditions, limiting the extent to
 which variance in population dynamics can be measured. Density-structured
 models provide a route to rapid, large-scale analysis of population
 dynamics, and can expand the scale of ecological models that are directly
 tied to data. Here we extend previous density-structured models to include
 environmental heterogeneity, variation in management, and to account for
 inter-population variation. We develop, parameterize and test hierarchical
 density-structured models for a common agricultural weed, black-grass
 (Alopecurus myosuroides). We model the dynamics of this species in
 response to crop management, using survey data gathered over 4 years from
 364 fields across a network of 45 UK farms. We show that hierarchical
 density-structured models provide a substantial improvement over their
 non-hierarchical counterparts. Using these models, we demonstrate that
 several alternative crop-rotations are effective in reducing weed
 densities. Rotations with high wheat prevalence exhibit the most severe
 infestations, and diverse rotations generally have lower weed densities.
 However, a key outcome is that in many cases the effect of crop rotation
 is small compared to the high variability arising from spatio-temporal
 heterogeneity. This result highlights the need to monitor and model
 population dynamics across large spatial and temporal scales in order to
 account for variation in the drivers of plant dynamics. Our framework for
 data collection and modelling provides a means to achieve this.
description: Density-structured surveys of black-grass populations collected
 across a network of UK arable fields. <br> Data collection is
 detailed in Freckleton et al (2011) 10.1086/657621 and  Queensborough et
 al (2011) 0.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00075.x.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6kr
title: Reference allele frequencies for populations pools of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus)

description: Atlantic herring is widespread in North Atlantic and adjacent waters and
 is one of the most abundant vertebrates on earth. This species is well
 suited to explore genetic adaptation due to minute genetic differentiation
 at selectively neutral loci. Here we report hundreds of loci underlying
 ecological adaptation to different geographic areas and spawning
 conditions. Four of these represent megabase inversions confirmed by long
 read sequencing. The genetic architecture underlying ecological adaptation
 in herring deviates from expectation under a classical infinitesimal model
 for complex traits because of large shifts in allele frequencies at
 hundreds of loci under selection.
description: The data contains reference allele frequecies for the population
 samples described in "Ecological adaptation in Atlantic
 herring is associated with large shifts in allele frequencies at hundreds
 of loci." Corresponding read-sets can be found in
 BioProject PRJNA642736. The positions
 relate to genome assembly version Ch_v2.0.2
 (GCA_900700415.1).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4j3
title: Data from: Tracking the cultural niches of North American birds through time

description: 1. Conservation efforts are constrained by our poor grasp of changing
 relationships between humans and other species. We used Internet query
 data describing relative public interest in different species of birds,
 and combined them with citizen science data describing relative encounter
 rates with those same taxa, to gain perspective on shifting relationships
 between people and birds in the United States. 2. National-level interest
 in birds increased an average of 12.6% across sequential 5-year periods
 while controlling for the volume of Internet searches and changing
 encounter rates with species in the United States. Geographic alignment of
 state-level interest in birds and state-level encounters with birds
 increased by an average of 5.7% across species. 3. In multivariate
 multiple regression analysis, we found that species did not move uniformly
 through a 2D “cultural niche space” between time periods. Shifts varied
 according to changes in federal protection afforded to species, by
 migratory strategy, whether species were native or introduced, and by
 taxonomic Order. 4. Together, these results suggest that people in the
 United States became more inquisitive about birds over a relatively short
 period of time, that their growing curiosity was directed
 disproportionately toward local species, and that cultural labels and
 species characteristics continue to shape relationships between people and
 birds. 5. By tracking shifts in the cultural niches of birds over time, we
 provide quantitative perspective on general patterns of socio-ecological
 change. And by identifying factors associated with those shifts, our
 results also offer specific information that can be used to improve
 conservation efforts aimed at particular species or groups of birds.
description: <strong>National-level_data.csv</strong>
 National-level interest and encounter rate data derived from
 Google Trends and eBird datasets, respectively.
 <strong>State-level_data.csv</strong>
 State-level interest and encounter rate data derived from Google
 Trends and eBird datasets, respectively.
 <strong>Covariates_and_results.csv</strong>
 Popularity and congruence metrics derived from analyses of
 interest and encounter rate data as well as taxonomic information, species
 traits, and cultural labels assigned to species.
 <strong>Metadata.csv</strong>
 Descriptions of variables in all files.
 <strong>README.txt</strong>
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dfn2z3508
title: Proteomics and Transcriptomics of the Hippocampus and Cortex in SUDEP and High-Risk SUDEP Patients

description: To identify the molecular signaling pathways underlying sudden unexpected
 death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and high-risk SUDEP compared to control patients
 with epilepsy. For proteomics analyses, we evaluated the hippocampus and
 frontal cortex from microdissected postmortem brain tissue of 12 patients
 with SUDEP and 14 with non-SUDEP epilepsy. For transcriptomics analyses,
 we evaluated hippocampus and temporal cortex surgical brain tissue from
 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: 6 low-risk and 8 high-risk
 SUDEP as determined by a short (&lt;50 seconds) or prolonged (=50
 seconds) postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES) that may indicate
 severely depressed brain activity impairing respiration, arousal, and
 protective reflexes. In autopsy hippocampus and cortex, we observed no
 proteomic differences between patients with SUDEP and those with non-SUDEP
 epilepsy, contrasting with our previously reported robust differences
 between epilepsy and controls without epilepsy. Transcriptomics in
 hippocampus and cortex from patients with surgical epilepsy segregated by
 PGES identified 55 differentially expressed genes (37 protein-coding, 15
 long noncoding RNAs, 3 pending) in hippocampus. The SUDEP proteome and
 high-risk SUDEP transcriptome were similar to those in other patients with
 epilepsy in hippocampus and cortex, consistent with diverse epilepsy
 syndromes and comorbid conditions associated with SUDEP. Studies with
 larger cohorts and different epilepsy syndromes, as well as additional
 anatomic regions, may identify molecular mechanisms of SUDEP.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvgn
title: The evolution of age-specific choosiness when mating

description: Mate choice is a crucial element of many processes in evolutionary
 biology. Empirical research has shown that mating preference and
 choosiness often change with age. Understanding the evolutionary causes of
 patterns of age-specific choosiness is challenging because different
 mechanisms can give rise to the same pattern. Instead of focusing on the
 optimal age-specific choosiness strategy given fitness trade-offs, we
 approach this question from a more general standpoint and ask how the
 strength of selection on choosiness changes with the age at which it is
 expressed. We show that the strength of selection on a modifier of
 choosiness at a given age depends on the relative contribution of this age
 class to the pool of offspring but does not depend directly on the
 strength of selection on fitness components at the age affected by the
 modifier. We illustrate our results by contrasting two life histories from
 the literature. We further show how mutation-selection balance at the
 choosiness locus can shape age-specific choosiness. Our results provide
 new insights for understanding the evolution of choosiness throughout
 life, with implications for understanding the evolution of mate choice and
 reproductive isolation.
description: Mathematica notebooks
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwd5
title: Seed fates of four rainforest tree species in the fragmented forests of Anamalais in the southern Western Ghats, India

description: Seed predation is a key ecosystem process governing the plant population
 and community structure in forests. Forest fragmentation and habitat loss
 have been shown to affect seed predation, leading to altered tree
 recruitment. However, the effects of fragmentation and habitat loss on
 seed predation are highly variable and context-specific, with limited
 information from South Asia. For four rainforest tree species in a
 production landscape of tea and coffee, we examined the influence of
 forest type (benchmark, N = 3, and fragmented, N = 5, forests) and seed
 size on the proportion of seeds, 1) predated by vertebrate seed predators,
 2) predated by invertebrate seed predators, and 3) removed by vertebrate
 seed predators. The seed fates were tracked by placing the seeds in four 1
 × 1 m plots under the canopy of the tree (N ≥ 11 individuals per tree
 species and 48 trees overall), and camera traps were placed under a subset
 of trees (N = 29, trap nights = 712). Overall, we recorded nine species of
 seed predators, and the seed predator species composition differed for the
 four tree species. However, there was no significant difference in either
 seed predator species composition or their visitations across the forest
 types. The seeds were more likely to be predated (on average 6% higher
 predation) by vertebrate seed predators in the fragments than in the
 benchmark forests. Medium-seeded species were more likely to be predated
 by vertebrate seed predators than large-seeded species (on average 41%
 higher predation). Invertebrate seed predation and seed removal by
 vertebrate seed predators had a weak relationship with forest type, with
 higher invertebrate seed predation in the fragments and higher seed
 removal in the benchmark forests. With altered seed dispersal patterns
 resulting from habitat fragmentation and habitat loss, differential seed
 predation can alter regeneration patterns, thereby influencing adult tree
 communities in fragmented forests.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqpv
title: A new remarkable dwarf sedge (Carex phylloscirpoid, Cyperaceae) from Northern Chile, with insights on the evolution of Austral section Racemosae

description: We describe a new remarkable dwarf and apparently acaulescent species
 of Carex (Cyperaceae) from the Andes of
 northern Chile: Carex phylloscirpoides. Morphological and
 molecular data (two nuclear and three plastid DNA regions) were used to
 study the phylogenetic placement and systematic relationships of this
 species, which resulted in its assignment to section Racemosae.
 However, despite being related to the other three species of the section
 present in the Southern Cone based on phylogenetic evidence, it displays a
 number of unusual morphological features. In addition, it is
 geographically disjunct and genetically differentiated from them. A
 conservation assessment was performed which resulted in the proposal of
 the Critically Endangered category at the global level under IUCN
 guidelines. We discuss the biogeographic and ecological peculiarities of
 the new species and its allies, with emphasis in the high number of
 acaulescent sedges present in South America. The features of C.
 phylloscirpoides emphasize its unique evolutionary position and
 its rarity highlights its conservation importance, especially in the
 context of the South American Andean flora.
description: Phylograms resulting from Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis using
 RAxML
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ckgewv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44338 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Dodonaea viscosa"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44338 records from 202 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002685-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4mw6m908g
title: Snow bunting respirometry data

description: 1. Arctic animals inhabit some of the coldest environments on the planet
 and have evolved physiological mechanisms for minimizing heat loss under
 extreme cold. However, the Arctic is warming faster than the global
 average and how well Arctic animals tolerate even moderately high air
 temperatures (Ta) is unknown. 2. Using flow-through respirometry we
 investigated the heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity of snow
 buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis; ≈ 31g, N = 42), a cold specialist, Arctic
 songbird. We exposed buntings to increasing Ta and measured body
 temperature (Tb), resting metabolic rate (RMR), rates of evaporative water
 loss (EWL) and evaporative cooling efficiency (the ratio of evaporative
 heat loss to metabolic heat production). 3. Buntings had an average (±SD)
 Tb of 41.3 ± 0.2 °C at thermoneutral Ta, and increased Tb to a maximum of
 43.5 ± 0.3 °C. Buntings started panting at Ta of 33.2 ± 1.7 °C, with rapid
 increases in EWL starting at Ta = 34.6 °C, meaning they experienced heat
 stress when air temperatures were well below their body temperature.
 Maximum rates of EWL were only 2.9x baseline rates at thermoneutral Ta, a
 markedly lower increase than seen in more heat tolerant arid-zone species
 (e.g., ≥ 4.7x baseline rates). Heat stressed buntings also had low
 evaporative cooling efficiencies, with 95% of individuals unable to
 evaporatively dissipate an amount of heat equivalent to their own
 metabolic heat production. 4. Our results suggest that buntings’
 well-developed cold tolerance may come at the cost of reduced heat
 tolerance. As the Arctic warms, and this and other species experience
 increased periods of heat stress, a limited capacity for evaporative
 cooling may force birds to increasingly rely on behavioural
 thermoregulation, such as minimizing activity, at the expense of
 diminished performance or reproductive investment.