cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14207272.v1
title: A remarkable new genus of Iberian troglobitic Trechodina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Trechini), with a revisited molecular phylogeny of the subtribe

description: A new representative of the subtribe Trechodina, <i>Iberotrechodes spinosus</i> <b>n. gen., n. sp</b>., subterranean and known so far from a single cave system of the Cantabrian chain (NW Spain), is described. The external morphology of the new species is highly derived within Trechodina, in particular for the peculiar and unique shape of its elytra, and likely due in part to its subterranean habits. A phylogenetic analysis based on six nuclear and mitochondrial genes placed it unambiguously within the subtribe Trechodina of Trechinae, as sister to all extent species of <i>Trechodes</i> plus <i>Sporades</i>, distributed in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, New Caledonia and Australia. Using a Bayesian molecular clock approach we estimated the separation of <i>Iberotrechodes</i> <b>n. gen</b>. and its sister clade to have occurred in the early Paleocene, at ca. 61 Ma. The biogeographic implications of this discovery are discussed in the context of the unusual abundance of phylogenetically and geographically isolated species of subterranean Carabidae in the Iberian peninsula. Finally, new phylogenetic relationships are highlighted within Trechodina, such as the sister-group relationship between the genera <i>Pachytrechodes</i> (Tanzania) and <i>Himalotrechodes</i> (Nepal), and the African origin of the genus <i>Amblystogenium</i> (Crozet Islands).
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/2264729
title: Dutch News Articles
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13265219
title: Data from - Early predation risk shapes adult learning and cognitive flexibility

description: We reared Trinidadian guppy (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>) fry in either a no-risk or a simulated predation risk environment. We then kept all fish in similar, no-risk environments and subsequently tested their adult performance in two cognitive assays – associative learning and reversal learning.<br>This depository contains the raw data for the associative learning and reversal learning tasks, and a processed data table containing information on the performance of the fish in both tasks (learning criterion). This dataset is linked to a preprint (https://ecoevorxiv.org/7xyjb/) and manuscript published in Oikos (doi: 10.1111/oik.08481).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14661165
title: Maternal Diet Supplementation with Compound extract of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula and Lonicera confuse DC Influences the Reproductive Performance, Intestinal Epithelium Morphology, Serum Parameters, Amino Acid Constituents and Liver Lipid Metabolism in a Sow-Piglet Model

description: The LC-MS to identify the small metabolites in <b><i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and <i>Lonicera confuse DC</i></b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14661165.v1
title: Maternal Diet Supplementation with Compound extract of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula and Lonicera confuse DC Influences the Reproductive Performance, Intestinal Epithelium Morphology, Serum Parameters, Amino Acid Constituents and Liver Lipid Metabolism in a Sow-Piglet Model

description: The LC-MS to identify the small metabolites in <b><i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and <i>Lonicera confuse DC</i></b>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14401324
title: Trophic segregation of the Burrowing Owl and the American Kestrel in fragmented desert in Mexico

description: We analysed the diet of the Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>) and the American Kestrel (<i>Falco sparverius</i>) in a fragmented habitat and natural surroundings in the arid ecosystem of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Both small-sized raptors are considered in the same trophic guild, and as keystone species, interactions between them could be of interest for wildlife management in fragmented landscapes for agricultural activities. The diet analysis of these top predators could be a good monitor of prey abundance, some of which may be considered detrimental for agricultural activities. Prey frequencies in owl pellets were higher for arthropods (53.1%) and rodents (32.4%), but rodents were the most abundant item in terms of biomass (34.5%). Arthropods also showed higher relative frequencies in kestrel pellets (36.4%), but reptiles were the second in order of importance (28.4%) and contributed the most (64.7%) to the total prey biomass. The biomass contribution (66.1%) of vertebrates in the diet of the Burrowing Owl was lower than for the American Kestrel (95.6%) in a fragmented habitat area. Most prey types were present in the diet of both raptors, but we found significant differences in the biomass contributions of each category. Reptiles and rodents were the prey items that contributed most to the differences in the raptors’ diets, in terms of biomass (33% and 20.3%, respectively). Close nesting surroundings (0.5 km and 1 km radius) evidenced a higher proportion of natural vegetation in the kestrel’s (50.6% and 38.9%, respectively) than in owl’s potential home range (25.8% and 16.4%). The differences in diet suggest some degree of niche partitioning of these species likely due to the more flexible owl’s nesting habitat requirements and to the extended nocturnal activity of the species. These results reflect the capability of being complementary species, both exploiting some pests that are harmful for agriculture, and evidencing the importance of both species as regulators of agro-ecosystems in the peninsula of Baja California.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14387454.v1
title: Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment

description: Spiders, natural enemies of several insects of economical and sanitary relevance, are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. Urban habitats, home to nearly half of the world’s human population, are growing in number and size. Consequently, natural habitats are lost and impervious surfaces increase. We compared the overall spider species and guilds assemblage characteristics associated with vegetation, between sites located within different urbanisation levels (urban and suburban) and in relation to local and landscape traits. The most abundant guilds were sheet web weavers and ambush hunters. The overall richness of spiders and richness and abundance of two guilds (space web weavers and stalker hunters) were higher in suburban than urban sites. The overall spider abundance, Shannon-Weaver diversity and the Shannon evenness index did not change between urban and suburban sites. While the species composition differed between urban and suburban sites, comprising the urban spider species a subset of those found in the suburban pool. Species abundances were negatively related with the percentage of bare ground, canopy cover, and urban level. Richness was positively related to low vegetation. Guilds’ responses differed concerning their life histories. At a landscape level, high consolidation (impervious surface) degree surrounding the green patches had negative effects while medium values had positive effects. Higher diversity was associated with intermediate mixtures of vegetation and impervious cover. In conclusion, the spider’s community and guild characteristics were associated with environmental, landscape and local factors through the urbanised landscape.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14401324.v1
title: Trophic segregation of the Burrowing Owl and the American Kestrel in fragmented desert in Mexico

description: We analysed the diet of the Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>) and the American Kestrel (<i>Falco sparverius</i>) in a fragmented habitat and natural surroundings in the arid ecosystem of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Both small-sized raptors are considered in the same trophic guild, and as keystone species, interactions between them could be of interest for wildlife management in fragmented landscapes for agricultural activities. The diet analysis of these top predators could be a good monitor of prey abundance, some of which may be considered detrimental for agricultural activities. Prey frequencies in owl pellets were higher for arthropods (53.1%) and rodents (32.4%), but rodents were the most abundant item in terms of biomass (34.5%). Arthropods also showed higher relative frequencies in kestrel pellets (36.4%), but reptiles were the second in order of importance (28.4%) and contributed the most (64.7%) to the total prey biomass. The biomass contribution (66.1%) of vertebrates in the diet of the Burrowing Owl was lower than for the American Kestrel (95.6%) in a fragmented habitat area. Most prey types were present in the diet of both raptors, but we found significant differences in the biomass contributions of each category. Reptiles and rodents were the prey items that contributed most to the differences in the raptors’ diets, in terms of biomass (33% and 20.3%, respectively). Close nesting surroundings (0.5 km and 1 km radius) evidenced a higher proportion of natural vegetation in the kestrel’s (50.6% and 38.9%, respectively) than in owl’s potential home range (25.8% and 16.4%). The differences in diet suggest some degree of niche partitioning of these species likely due to the more flexible owl’s nesting habitat requirements and to the extended nocturnal activity of the species. These results reflect the capability of being complementary species, both exploiting some pests that are harmful for agriculture, and evidencing the importance of both species as regulators of agro-ecosystems in the peninsula of Baja California.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14387454
title: Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment

description: Spiders, natural enemies of several insects of economical and sanitary relevance, are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. Urban habitats, home to nearly half of the world’s human population, are growing in number and size. Consequently, natural habitats are lost and impervious surfaces increase. We compared the overall spider species and guilds assemblage characteristics associated with vegetation, between sites located within different urbanisation levels (urban and suburban) and in relation to local and landscape traits. The most abundant guilds were sheet web weavers and ambush hunters. The overall richness of spiders and richness and abundance of two guilds (space web weavers and stalker hunters) were higher in suburban than urban sites. The overall spider abundance, Shannon-Weaver diversity and the Shannon evenness index did not change between urban and suburban sites. While the species composition differed between urban and suburban sites, comprising the urban spider species a subset of those found in the suburban pool. Species abundances were negatively related with the percentage of bare ground, canopy cover, and urban level. Richness was positively related to low vegetation. Guilds’ responses differed concerning their life histories. At a landscape level, high consolidation (impervious surface) degree surrounding the green patches had negative effects while medium values had positive effects. Higher diversity was associated with intermediate mixtures of vegetation and impervious cover. In conclusion, the spider’s community and guild characteristics were associated with environmental, landscape and local factors through the urbanised landscape.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12320582.v1
title: Transcriptome analysis reveals key information on improving duck yolk lipid contents induced by dietary fish oil or flaxseed oil

description: Genes participating in the changes of yolk lipids by unsaturated oils remain elusive. In this study, ducks were randomly assigned to 3 groups, fed with basal-diet (C), basal-diet-plus-2%-flaxseed-oil (FL), or basal-diet-plus-2%-fish-oil (F), respectively. A digital-gene-expression-profiling analysis of livers were performed after four weeks. Compared to C, 36 and 25 differently-expressed-genes (DEG) were identified in FL and F, respectively. These genes participated in lipid metabolism pathways. In both F and FL, the sterol 12 α-hydroxylase 1 gene was down regulated, as well as the fatty acid synthase gene and stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene. In FL, the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (<i>FADS2</i>) and elongation of the very long-chain fatty acids protein 2 gene (<i>ELOVL2</i>) were up regulated, and the <i>CYP2U</i> (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily U) was down regulated. However, the <i>FADS2</i> and <i>ELOVL2</i> were down regulated in F to possibly prevent the redundancy of body n-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, FL and F had different molecular pathways to reduce yolk cholesterol and increase n-3 PUFAs. However, <i>CYP8B1</i> and <i>FADS2</i> were the key genes in the regulation of both of them. α-linolenic acid in the FL might be transformed to longer n-3 PUFAs. In addition, this study adds sequence information to duck.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12919261
title: The effect of the z-bar shoeing method on surface dimension of the hoof wall and time required for therapeutic shoeing in three horses with a sheared heel

description: Sheared heel is a medial displacement caused by repetitive overloading on the palmar area, traditionally managed with a straight bar shoe. There are no reports of using z-bar shoes in horses with a sheared heel. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of z-bar shoeing and time required for sheared heel management. 3 show-jumping horses with medial palmar displacement on both front hooves (<i>n </i>= 6) were studied. The horses underwent lameness examination before study and radiography was performed on the affected feet. Z-bar shoes fitted with the large open space on the medial side, were applied for 48 weeks at 6 weeks intervals. Prior to shoeing, the affected hooves were placed on a clay mould and the impressions obtained were divided into 6 parallel lines. Each of the 6 lines was measured for medial/lateral ratio. There was no change in length ratios of the first, second and third lines at the toe to quarter region. A significant increase in length ratios of the fourth and fifth lines but marginal increase in the sixth line were noted 30 weeks post-shoeing. The z-bar shoes promote the expansion of the affected palmar area within 30 weeks of shoeing in horses with sheared heel.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12919261.v1
title: The effect of the z-bar shoeing method on surface dimension of the hoof wall and time required for therapeutic shoeing in three horses with a sheared heel

description: Sheared heel is a medial displacement caused by repetitive overloading on the palmar area, traditionally managed with a straight bar shoe. There are no reports of using z-bar shoes in horses with a sheared heel. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of z-bar shoeing and time required for sheared heel management. 3 show-jumping horses with medial palmar displacement on both front hooves (<i>n </i>= 6) were studied. The horses underwent lameness examination before study and radiography was performed on the affected feet. Z-bar shoes fitted with the large open space on the medial side, were applied for 48 weeks at 6 weeks intervals. Prior to shoeing, the affected hooves were placed on a clay mould and the impressions obtained were divided into 6 parallel lines. Each of the 6 lines was measured for medial/lateral ratio. There was no change in length ratios of the first, second and third lines at the toe to quarter region. A significant increase in length ratios of the fourth and fifth lines but marginal increase in the sixth line were noted 30 weeks post-shoeing. The z-bar shoes promote the expansion of the affected palmar area within 30 weeks of shoeing in horses with sheared heel.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12320582
title: Transcriptome analysis reveals key information on improving duck yolk lipid contents induced by dietary fish oil or flaxseed oil

description: Genes participating in the changes of yolk lipids by unsaturated oils remain elusive. In this study, ducks were randomly assigned to 3 groups, fed with basal-diet (C), basal-diet-plus-2%-flaxseed-oil (FL), or basal-diet-plus-2%-fish-oil (F), respectively. A digital-gene-expression-profiling analysis of livers were performed after four weeks. Compared to C, 36 and 25 differently-expressed-genes (DEG) were identified in FL and F, respectively. These genes participated in lipid metabolism pathways. In both F and FL, the sterol 12 α-hydroxylase 1 gene was down regulated, as well as the fatty acid synthase gene and stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene. In FL, the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (<i>FADS2</i>) and elongation of the very long-chain fatty acids protein 2 gene (<i>ELOVL2</i>) were up regulated, and the <i>CYP2U</i> (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily U) was down regulated. However, the <i>FADS2</i> and <i>ELOVL2</i> were down regulated in F to possibly prevent the redundancy of body n-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, FL and F had different molecular pathways to reduce yolk cholesterol and increase n-3 PUFAs. However, <i>CYP8B1</i> and <i>FADS2</i> were the key genes in the regulation of both of them. α-linolenic acid in the FL might be transformed to longer n-3 PUFAs. In addition, this study adds sequence information to duck.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14355920
title: New records of non-indigenous <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> species (Sabellidae: Annelida) in South Australia highlight the continuing challenges for sabellid taxonomy

description: Sabellid fanworms (Sabellidae: Annelida) and particularly species of <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> are difficult to discriminate due to a lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters and high intraspecific morphological plasticity. We studied specimens identified as <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> from a marina in South Australia. Examination of morphological features alone failed to resolve the unambiguous identification of specimens to species. Therefore, two DNA markers, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (<i>cox1</i>), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses and genetic distances were performed for each DNA marker, including <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> sequences available in GenBank. Molecular analyses indicate that specimens belong to species that have previously been reported as cryptogenic and occurring in several worldwide harbour environments, but whose identity is still unsettled. A discussion about the relevance of several sources of information for species delineation, and the importance of taxonomy, is provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14355920.v1
title: New records of non-indigenous <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> species (Sabellidae: Annelida) in South Australia highlight the continuing challenges for sabellid taxonomy

description: Sabellid fanworms (Sabellidae: Annelida) and particularly species of <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> are difficult to discriminate due to a lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters and high intraspecific morphological plasticity. We studied specimens identified as <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> from a marina in South Australia. Examination of morphological features alone failed to resolve the unambiguous identification of specimens to species. Therefore, two DNA markers, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (<i>cox1</i>), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses and genetic distances were performed for each DNA marker, including <i>Branchiomma</i> and <i>Parasabella</i> sequences available in GenBank. Molecular analyses indicate that specimens belong to species that have previously been reported as cryptogenic and occurring in several worldwide harbour environments, but whose identity is still unsettled. A discussion about the relevance of several sources of information for species delineation, and the importance of taxonomy, is provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14248692
title: A new potentially Endangered species of <i>Megophrys</i> (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

description: The genus <i>Megophrys</i> is known to harbour morphological cryptic species diversity. During field work on Vietnam’s third highest peak, Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam, we collected specimens of a new species of <i>Megophrys</i> at two locations more than 2000 m above sea level (asl). Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial markers place the new species within the subgenus <i>Panophrys</i>, a primarily Chinese radiation within the genus <i>Megophrys</i>. We describe the species based on an all-male type series and distinguish it from all other <i>Megophrys</i> species from mainland Southeast Asia, north of the Isthmus of Kra and nearby provinces of China (Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou) based on morphological, molecular and bioacoustic data. The new species is inferred to form a clade along with <i>M. hoanglienensis</i> and <i>M. fansipanensis</i>; it is syntopic with the former but has a non-overlapping range with the latter. Uncorrected <i>p</i> distances for the 16S rDNA and CO1 genes between the new species and closest relatives exceed values observed between other closely related species in the <i>Panophrys</i> subgenus. The new species is most similar to <i>M. fansipanensis</i> in terms of morphology, and several call parameters also overlap with this species; however, these two species call at different times of year. This is the fourth likely range-restricted and Endangered <i>Megophrys</i> species described from the Hoang Lien Range since 2017, and this discovery further highlights the significance of the Hoang Lien Range for Vietnam’s amphibian diversity. http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/69340DD7-B21E-4DD0-836F-6741878013BB
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14355987
title: Breeding ecology of Eurasian bullfinches <i>Pyrrhula pyrrhula</i> in an Iberian hedgerow habitat

description: The breeding ecology of the Iberian subspecies of the Eurasian bullfinch, <i>Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae</i>, is addressed for the first time. The studied population occupied a hedgerow habitat in northwestern Spain. Individuals directly watched in the study area and details of these sightings were recorded over a six-year period, and a total of 56 nests were monitored. The earliest date of nest building was within 11–30 April for all years. Fledglings were recorded leaving the nest during all the ten-day periods from the end of May to mid-August. Nest attendance, from the early building stage to when nestlings were ready to leave the nest, lasted approximately 36 days. The overall mean clutch size was 4.56 eggs. Clutch size decreased significantly at the end of the breeding season. For all egg traits, the minimum values for standard deviation were obtained in the intra-clutch analysis, and egg length was more variable than width. Nesting success increased progressively from April–May to June–July and August. The main proximate cause of nest failure was egg desertion/predation, followed by nest desertion during nest building and nestling desertion/predation. Mammals were the main agents in nests where the probable predator could be identified. Approximately half of the eggs became fledglings leaving the nest, no significant seasonal differences being observed for this parameter. In August, the ratio of juveniles to adults was 2.5–4.1, juveniles representing approximately 70–80% of the individuals seen and identified that month. The absence of significant interannual variation in important reproductive parameters could have been due to lack of interannual variation in the availability of food resources. Compared to other subspecies, mean clutch size of Iberian bullfinches is the smallest recorded in the western Palearctic, and they showed an earlier start to the breeding season and shorter mean egg length than North European and Russian populations.