cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g9735
title: Data from: Predation-associated divergence of male genital morphology in a livebearing fish

description: Male genital morphology is remarkably diverse across internally
 fertilizing animals, a phenomenon largely attributed to sexual selection.
 Ecological differences across environments can alter the context of sexual
 selection, yet little research has addressed how this may influence the
 rapid, divergent evolution of male genitalia. Using the model system of
 Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) undergoing ecological speciation
 across blue holes, we used geometric morphometric methods to test (i)
 whether male genital shape (the small, approximately 1 mm long, distal tip
 of the sperm-transfer organ, the gonopodium) has diverged between
 populations with and without predatory fish and (ii) whether any observed
 divergence has a genetic basis. We additionally examined the effects of
 genetic relatedness and employed model selection to investigate other
 environmental factors (i.e. interspecific competition, adult sex ratio and
 resource availability) that could potentially influence genital shape via
 changes in sexual selection. Predation regime comprised the most important
 factor associated with male genital divergence in this system, although
 sex ratio and some aspects of resource availability had suggestive
 effects. We found consistent, heritable differences in male genital
 morphology between predation regimes: Bahamas mosquitofish coexisting with
 predatory fish possessed more elongate genital tips with reduced soft
 tissue compared with counterparts inhabiting blue holes without predatory
 fish. We suggest this may reflect selection for greater efficiency of
 sperm transfer and fertilization during rapid and often forced copulations
 in high-predation populations or differences in sexual conflict between
 predation regimes. Our study highlights the potential importance of
 ecological variation, particularly predation risk, in indirectly
 generating genital diversity.
description: Individual-level
 wild-caught fish morphometric dataMorphometric data for
 the wild-caught fish MANCOVA.wild-caught
 fish.xlsxIndividual-level
 lab-reared fish morphometric dataMorphometric data for
 examination of genetic basis of population differences using a
 common-garden experiment.lab-reared
 fish.xlsxSite-level environmental
 and morphometric dataData for the model
 selection analysis.model selection
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m76ks
title: Data from: Post-fire recovery of torpor and activity patterns of a small mammal

description: To cope with the post-fire challenges of decreased availability of food
 and shelter, brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), a small marsupial
 mammal, increase the use of energy-conserving torpor and reduce activity.
 However, it is not known how long it takes for animals to resume pre-fire
 torpor and activity patterns during the recovery of burnt habitat.
 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that antechinus will adjust torpor use
 and activity after a fire depending on vegetation recovery. We
 simultaneously quantified torpor and activity patterns for female
 antechinus from three adjacent areas: (i) the area of a management burn 1
 year post-fire, (ii) an area that was burned 2 years prior, and (iii) a
 control area. In comparison to shortly after the management burn,
 antechinus in all three groups displayed less frequent and less pronounced
 torpor while being more active. We provide the first evidence that only 1
 year post-fire antechinus resume pre-fire torpor and activity patterns,
 probably in response to the return of herbaceous ground cover and foraging
 opportunities.
description: Data from: Long-term
 post-fire recovery of daily torpor and activity patterns of a small
 mammalStatistical models and
 raw data for our manuscript: Post-fire recovery of torpor and activity
 patterns of a small mammal. Our study species was the brown antechinus
 (Antechinus stuartii). Data include ambient temperatures, body
 temperatures, torpor bouts durations and activity
 durations.Stawski et al_Post-fire
 recovery of torpor and activity_BiolLett_2017_raw
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g2k05
title: Data from: Sperm competition and the evolution of precopulatory weapons: testis size and amplexus position, but not arm strength, affect fertilization success in a chorusing frog

description: Trade-offs between pre- and postcopulatory traits influence their
 evolution, and male expenditure on such traits is predicted to depend on
 the number of competitors, the benefits from investing in weapons, and the
 risk and intensity of sperm competition. Males of the chorusing frog
 Crinia georgiana use their arms as weapons in contest competition.
 Previously, we showed that increased numbers of rivals elevated the risk
 and intensity of sperm competition due to multimale amplexus, and caused a
 reversal in the direction of precopulatory selection on arm girth. Here we
 focused on the factors affecting postcopulatory fertilization success
 during group spawning, using paternity data from natural choruses.
 Competitive fertilization success depended on the time spent amplexed and
 amplexus position. Relative testes size but not arm girth, contributed to
 fertilization success, but the effect of testes size depended on amplexus
 position. Our findings offer within species empirical support for recent
 sperm competition models that incorporate precopulatory male-male
 competition, and show why an understanding of the evolution of animal
 weapons requires a consideration of both pre- and postcopulatory episodes
 of sexual selection.
description: data for Buzatto et al
 2016This data file contains
 all the information used in our analyses for the manuscript entitled
 "Sperm competition and the evolution of precopulatory weapons: testis
 size and amplexus position, but not arm strength, affect fertilization
 success in a chorusing frog". Each row of this data set refers to a
 male that participated in a group spawning of the Australian quacking frog
 'Crinia georgiana'. Each row has a group spawning ID, the male
 ID, the female ID, female mass (g), number of males participating in this
 group spawning, clutch size (number of eggs laid) and spawning time in
 seconds. The rows also have attributes of these males: number of offspring
 sired, total body mass (g), soma mass (body mass minus testes mass; g),
 testes mass (mg), relative testes mass (corrected for body size; mg),
 snout-vent length (mm), arm girth (mm), relative arm girth (corrected for
 body size; mm), whether the male amplexed the female in the group
 spawning, and his main amplexus position (see text). Finally, the
 proportions of spawning time that each male spent on each possible
 amplexus position (dorsal, ventral, lateral, amplexing another male,
 cloaca facing the female's head and not amplexed) are also
 given.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mq328
title: Data from: Evolution of bacterial life history traits is sensitive to community structure

description: Very few studies have experimentally assessed the evolutionary effects of
 species interactions within the same trophic level. Here we show that when
 Serratia marcescens evolve in multispecies communities, their growth rate
 exceeds the growth rate of the bacteria that evolved alone, whereas the
 biomass yield gets lower. In addition to the community effects per se, we
 found that few species in the communities caused strong effects on S.
 marcescens evolution. The results indicate that evolutionary responses (of
 a focal species) are different in communities, compared to species
 evolving alone. Moreover, selection can lead to very different outcomes
 depending on the community structure. Such context dependencies cast doubt
 on our ability to predict the course of evolution in the wild, where
 species often inhabit very different kinds of communities.
description: communityRKdata_TODryadData for different clones of Serratia marcescens evolving in different multi species communities, or alone, under high or low resource concentration. Measurements for growth rate and yield were done in two resource concentrations. Columns in the data: Population: identity of population/microcosm where clones have evolved Clone: id number of isolated clone within population NB: measurement concentration where 25 % stands for low nutrient broth concentration and 100% for high. Ctreat: community treatment 1 stands for evolution alone, and 2 evolving in community. Rtreat: Resource evolution treatment 25 % stands for low nutrient broth concentration and 100% for high. Rmax: maximum growth rate OD h-1 K: maximum attained biomass (OD) Inoculum: how much biomass of bacteria were pipetted in the wells prior to measurement. Ncaps: presence absence information of Novosophingobium capsulatum Pchloro: presence absence information of Pseudomonas chlororaphis Pputida: presence absence information of Pseudomonas putida Ecoli: presence absence information of E. Coli Eaerog: presence absence information of Enterobacter aerogenes Ladecar: presence absence information of Leclercia adecarboxylata DummyNcaps: presence absence information of Novosophingobium capsulatum DummyPchloro: presence absence information of Pseudomonas chlororaphis DummyPputida: presence absence information of Pseudomonas putida DummyEcoli: presence absence information of E. Coli DummyEaerog: presence absence information of Enterobacter aerogenes DummyLadeca: presence absence information of Leclercia adecarboxylat
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tg7b1
title: Data from: Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment

description: Common vampire bats often regurgitate food to roost-mates that fail to
 feed. The original explanation for this costly helping behaviour invoked
 both direct and indirect fitness benefits. Several authors have since
 suggested that food sharing is maintained solely by indirect fitness
 because non-kin food sharing could have resulted from kin recognition
 errors, indiscriminate altruism within groups, or harassment. To test
 these alternatives, we examined predictors of food-sharing decisions under
 controlled conditions of mixed relatedness and equal familiarity. Over a
 2-year period, we individually fasted 20 vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus)
 and induced food sharing on 48 of 52 days. Surprisingly, donors initiated
 food sharing more often than recipients, which is inconsistent with
 harassment. Food received was the best predictor of food given, and 8.5
 times more important than relatedness. Sixty-four percent of dyads were
 unrelated, approaching the 67% expected if nepotism was absent. Consistent
 with social bonding, the food-sharing network was consistent and
 correlated with mutual allogrooming. Together with past work, these
 findings support the hypothesis that food sharing in vampire bats provides
 mutual direct fitness benefits, and is not explained solely by kin
 selection or harassment.
description: mouth-licking_observations2012Food sharing observationsgenotypes2012Genotypes of subjects used for relatedness estimates
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt642
title: Data from: Range-wide genetic population structure of common pochard (Aythya ferina): a potentially important vector of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses

description: An understanding of the distribution and spatial structure of the natural
 vectors of zoonothic pathogens is of interest for effective disease
 control and prevention. Here, we investigate the range-wide population
 genetic structure of common pochard (Aythya ferina), a long distance
 migratory duck and potential vector of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
 We collected several hundred samples from breeding and wintering grounds
 across Eurasia including some H5N1 positive individuals and generated
 partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region and multi-locus
 microsatellite genotypes. Genetic differentiation among breeding
 populations was significant for both marker types but higher for
 maternally inherited mtDNA than for bi-parentally inherited nuclear
 markers. There was only weak genetic divergence between ducks sampled in
 Europe and East Asia, and genetic differentiation between populations was
 not generally associated with geographical distance. No evidence of
 genetic substructure was detected for ducks sampled on the European
 wintering grounds. Our results suggest limited breeding site fidelity,
 especially in females, but extensive population admixture on the wintering
 grounds. The specific role of pochards as natural vectors of zoonotic
 pathogens and in particular H5N1 remains to be clarified but our results
 point to wintering grounds as potential hotspots for disease transmission.
description: EE-Aythya
 ferinaMicrosatellite genotype
 table including geographic coordinates of each sample
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ch771
title: Data from: Parental behavior exhibits among-individual variance, plasticity and heterogeneous residual variance

description: Phenotypic variance should have a hierarchical structure because
 differences arise between species, between individuals within species,
 and, for labile phenotypes, also within individuals across circumstances.
 Within-individual variance could exist because of responses to variable
 environments (plasticity) or because exhibiting variance per se has
 fitness consequences. To evolve, the latter requires between-individual
 variance in within-individual variance. Here, we investigate the parental
 behavior of female red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and assess
 if the distribution of within-individual variance also differs between
 individuals or changes with respect to environmental conditions. We used a
 statistical approach that models both the mean and variance iteratively.
 We found that the amount of food delivered per second on each visit was
 influenced by female identity, nestling age, and the location (on vs. off
 territory) where the female foraged. Moreover, we also found that
 unexplained within-individual variance (residual variance), after
 controlling for mean effects, independently declined with nestling age and
 was smaller when females foraged off their mate’s territory. In addition,
 females differed in residual variance more than expected by chance. These
 results confirm that phenotypic variance has a hierarchical structure and
 they support preconditions for the evolution of mean phenotypic values as
 well as the variance in phenotype. In the case of provisioning as a form
 of parental care, our data suggest that female red-winged blackbirds could
 be managing stochastic variance either directly through choice of foraging
 location or indirectly in how they budget their time, and we discuss these
 patterns in relation to adaptive variance sensitivity.
description: Delivery
 rawRaw data of visits to
 the nest by female red-winged blackbirds collected in the field in spring
 1989. Excel 2010 was used to make the file. See read me file for
 details.Delivery
 standardizedStandardized and pruned
 data used in formal analyses presented in the publication. MS Excel was
 used to create the file. See read me file for additional
 details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2s4r107
title: Data from: Relationships between leaf mass per area and nutrient concentrations in 98 Mediterranean woody species are determined by phylogeny, habitat and leaf habit

description: Leaf structural and nutrient traits are key attributes of plant ecological
 strategies, as these traits are related to resource-use strategies and
 plant growth. However, leaf structure and nutrient composition can vary
 among different habitats, leaf habits or phylogenetic groups. In this
 study, we measured 13 leaf traits (one structural—leaf mass per area,
 LMA—and 12 nutrient traits) in 98 Mediterranean woody species growing over
 a wide range of environmental conditions, with the final aim of discerning
 the main causes of leaf trait variability. The variance decomposition
 results show that phylogeny, leaf habit and habitat type affected in
 several ways the structural and nutrient traits studied. Leaf nutrient
 concentrations are strongly positively correlated amongst themselves, and
 negatively correlated with LMA, in accordance with the “leaf economics
 spectrum”. We found that leaf habit and phylogeny were important causes of
 variation in LMA and in a broad number of leaf nutrients (i.e., C, N, Mg,
 S, K), while other micronutrients seemed to be more dependent on the
 environment (i.e., Cu and Mn). In summary, our study reinforces the
 existence of the leaf economics spectrum in a broad pool of Mediterranean
 woody species, and demonstrates the strong influence of phylogeny, leaf
 habit and environmental context as the main drivers of variability in some
 leaf structural and nutrient traits.
description: data_dryad_finalLeaf morphological (LMA) and nutrient traits (N, P, C, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Zn, Mn, S) in woody plants from Mediterranean ecosystems (Spain).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q757q
title: Data from: Comparative analyses of effective population size within and among species: ranid frogs as a case study

description: It has recently become practicable to estimate the effective sizes (Ne) of
 multiple populations within species. Such efforts are valuable for
 estimating Ne in evolutionary modeling and conservation planning. We used
 microsatellite loci to estimate Ne of 90 populations of four ranid frogs
 (20 to 26 populations per species, mean n per population = 29). Our
 objectives were to determine typical values of Ne for populations of each
 species, compare Ne estimates among the species, and test for correlations
 between several geographic variables and Ne within species. We used
 single-sample linkage disequilibrium, approximate Bayesian computation,
 and sibship assignment methods to estimate contemporary Ne for each
 population. Three of the species—Rana pretiosa, R. luteiventris, and R.
 cascadae— have consistently small effective population sizes (&lt;50).
 Ne in Lithobates pipiens spans a wider range, with some values in the
 hundreds or thousands. There is a strong east-to-west trend of decreasing
 Ne in Lithobates pipiens. The smaller effective sizes of western
 populations of this species may be related to habitat fragmentation and
 population bottlenecking.
description: Rana pretiosa
 microsatellite dataGENEPOP input
 filesRana
 pretiosa.zipRana luteiventris
 microsatellite dataGENEPOP input
 filesRana
 luteiventris.zipRana cascadae
 microsatellite dataGENEPOP input
 filesRana
 cascadae.zipLithobates (Rana)
 pipiens microsatellite dataLithobates
 pipiens.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b731fr0
title: Data from: The effect of gut microbiota elimination in Drosophila melanogaster: a how-to guide for host-microbiota studies

description: In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in the effects of the
 microbiota on the host. Increasingly, we are coming to understand the
 importance of the gut microbiota in modulating host physiology, ecology,
 behaviour, and evolution. One method utilized to evaluate the effect of
 the microbiota is to suppress or eliminate it, and compare the effect on
 the host with that of untreated individuals. In this study, we evaluate
 some of these commonly used methods in the model organism, Drosophila
 melanogaster. We test the efficacy of a low-dose streptomycin diet, egg
 dechorionation, and an axenic or sterile diet, in the removal of gut
 bacteria within this species in a fully factorial design. We further
 determine potential side effects of these methods on host physiology by
 performing a series of standard physiological assays. Our results showed
 that individuals from all treatments took significantly longer to develop,
 and weighed less, compared to normal flies. Males and females that had
 undergone egg dechorionation weighed significantly less than streptomycin
 reared individuals. Similarly, axenic female flies, but not males, were
 much less active when analysed in a locomotion assay. All methods
 decreased the egg to adult survival, with egg dechorionation inducing
 significantly higher mortality. We conclude that low-dose streptomycin
 added to the dietary media is more effective at removing the gut bacteria
 than egg dechorionation and has somewhat less detrimental effects to host
 physiology. More importantly, this method is the most practical and
 reliable for use in behavioural research. Our study raises the important
 issue that the efficacy of and impacts on the host of these methods,
 requires investigation in a case by case manner, rather than assuming
 homogeneity across species and laboratories.
description: esmData of the weight, egg
 to adult survival, development time, starvation, and response to
 stress
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gj7sn
title: Data from: Does allopreening control avian ectoparasites?

description: For birds, the first line of defence against ectoparasites is preening.
 The effectiveness of self-preening for ectoparasite control is well known.
 By contrast, the ectoparasite control function of allopreening—in which
 one birds preens another—has not been rigorously tested. We infested
 captive pigeons with identical numbers of parasitic lice, and then
 compared rates of allopreening to the abundance of lice on the birds over
 time. We documented a negative relationship between rates of allopreening
 and the number of lice on birds. Moreover, we found that allopreening was
 a better predictor of louse abundance than self-preening. Our data suggest
 that allopreening may be a more important means of ectoparasite defence
 than self-preening when birds live in groups. Our results have important
 implications for the evolution of social behaviour.
description: Villa et al Allopreening
 DataData used for study
 titled "Does allopreening control avian
 ectoparasites?"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1231
title: Data from: Molecular evolution of shattering loci in U.S. weedy rice

description: Cultivated rice fields worldwide are plagued with weedy rice, a
 conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). The persistence of
 weedy rice has been attributed, in part, to its ability to shatter
 (disperse) seed prior to crop harvesting. In the United States, separately
 evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with
 exotic domesticated cultivars. Here, we investigate the shattering
 phenotype in a collection of U.S. weedy rice accessions, as well as wild
 and cultivated relatives. We find that all U.S. weedy rice groups shatter
 seeds easily, despite multiple origins, and in contrast to a decrease in
 shattering ability seen in cultivated groups. We assessed allelic identity
 and diversity at the major shattering locus, sh4, in weedy rice; we find
 that all cultivated and weedy rice, regardless of population, share
 similar haplotypes at sh4, and all contain a single derived mutation
 associated with decreased seed shattering. Our data constitute the
 strongest evidence to date of an evolution of weeds from domesticated
 backgrounds. The combination of a shared cultivar sh4 allele and a highly
 shattering phenotype, suggests that U.S. weedy rice have re-acquired the
 shattering trait after divergence from their progenitors through
 alternative genetic mechanisms.
description: Shattering_Data.xlsShattering (BTS) measurements collect from growth chamber grown Oryza. Individual names match those provided in manuscript's Supplemental Table 1. Replicates are labled _1, _2 or _3. Average, Median and Standard Deviation included.