cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.612jm6475
title: Chionochloa rubra leaf litter decomposition at Mt Tongariro, New Zealand

description: Concept: Decomposition rates are an important component of carbon
 sequestration rates in soils, potentially mitigating future climate
 change. Here we aim to better understand decomposition’s relationship with
 temperature in natural conditions. Structure: In snow-tussock grassland
 dominated by Chionochloa rubra var. rubra on Mount Tongariro, Tongariro
 National Park, New Zealand, we measured decomposition of Chionochloa leaf
 litter along an ~ 700 m altitudinal gradient, as a space-for-temperature
 experiment, representing 4.2ºC of warming. For litter, we haphazardly
 collected attached, but achlorophyllous leaves, which were cut into 5 cm
 long segments and pooled per site. We examined decomposition rates in a
 full reciprocal translocation of litter bags between 8 plots as both the
 origin of 8 litter types and the 8 destinations of plating out of litter
 bags, over 4 years using 6 replicates. Litter decomposition bags, 20 cm x
 25 cm in size, were of black nylon rectangular mesh with a pore size of 2
 mm. We used 3.00 g of litter per bag, applied a wet/dry weight correction,
 and measured litter remaining after each time period. Bag recovery was 91
 %. We went on to model decomposition's relationships to environmental
 variates. Results: Litter decomposed progressively over time, but at the
 same rate along the altitudinal gradient. There was no home-field
 advantage. In terms of litter quality, decomposition rates were related
 only to litter lignin, or fibre or litter N. Only decomposition at Year 4,
 and that only when organised by litter destination, showed a relationship
 to mean annual temperature jointly with soil C, and this was only weak and
 implausible. When studied across the full reciprocal transplant, there
 were no significant interactions between Origin and Destination data with
 or without Years. Therefore litter from each plot decomposed at the same
 rate as other plots’ litter at all altitudes, allowing for small, often
 irregular differences in litter quality and micro-environment.  
description:  Decomposition is reported as change in dry weight of litter
 samples sampled from 8 sites (i.e., source), and plated out into each of
 the same 8 sites (i.e., destination), over one of 1 - 4 years, with 6
 replicates. Data are presented with source, destination
 and year codes.
description: Excel.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnjf
title: Data from: Forecasting landslides using community detection on geophysical satellite data

description: As a result of extreme weather conditions, such as heavy precipitation,
 natural hillslopes can fail dramatically; these slope failures can occur
 on a dry day due to time lags between rainfall and pore-water pressure
 change at depth, or even after days to years of slow-motion. While the
 pre-failure deformation is sometimes apparent in retrospect, it remains
 challenging to predict the sudden transition from gradual deformation
 (creep) to runaway failure. We use a network science method–multilayer
 modularity optimization–to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns
 of  deformation in a region near the 2017 Mud Creek, California
 landslide. We transform satellite radar data from the study site into a
 spatially-embedded network in which the nodes are patches of ground and
 the edges connect the nearest neighbors, with a series of layers
 representing consecutive transits of the satellite.  Each edge is
 weighted by the product of the local slope (susceptibility to failure)
 measured from a digital elevation model and ground surface deformation
 (current rheological state) from interferometric synthetic aperture radar
 (InSAR). We use multilayer modularity optimization to identify
 strongly-connected clusters of nodes (communities) and are able to
 identify both the location of Mud Creek and nearby creeping landslides
 which have not yet failed. We develop a metric, community persistence, to
 quantify patterns of ground deformation leading up to failure, and find
 that this metric increases from a baseline value in the weeks leading up
 to Mud Creek's failure. These methods  promise as a
 technique for highlighting regions at risk of catastrophic failure.
description: Uses R to create the networks and Matlab to run the community
 detection algorithm. The code can be found on https://github.com/vddesai-97/networkLandslide.git, which uses the community detection algorithim from https://github.com/GenLouvain/GenLouvain. The dataset contains 10 edge lists, 10 corresponding spatial grids, and 10 resulting community detection results.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjq3
title: Long-term warming of a forest soil reduces microbial biomass and its carbon and nitrogen use efficiencies

description: Global warming impacts biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems,
 but it is still unclear how the simultaneous cycling of carbon (C) and
 nitrogen (N) in soils could be affected in the longer-term. Here, we
 evaluated how 14 years of soil warming (+4°C) affected the soil C and N
 cycle across different soil depths and seasons in a temperate mountain
 forest. We used H218O incorporation into DNA and 15N isotope pool dilution
 techniques to determine gross rates of C and N transformation processes.
 Our data showed different warming effects on soil C and N cycling, and
 these were consistent across soil depths and seasons. Warming decreased
 microbial biomass C (−22%), but at the same time increased microbial
 biomass-specific growth (+25%) and respiration (+39%), the potential
 activity of β-glucosidase (+31%), and microbial turnover (+14%). Warming
 reduced gross rates of protein depolymerization (−19%), but stimulated
 gross N mineralization (+63%) and the potential activities of
 N-acetylglucosaminidase (+106%) and leucine-aminopeptidase (+46%), and had
 no impact on gross nitrification (+1%). Microbial C and N use efficiencies
 were both lower in the warming treatment (−15% and −17%, respectively).
 Overall, our results suggest that long-term warming drives soil microbes
 to incorporate less C and N into their biomass (and necromass), and to
 release more inorganic C and N to the environment, causing lower soil C
 and N storage in this forest, as indicated by lower soil C and total N
 contents. The decreases in microbial CUE and NUE were likely triggered by
 increasing microbial P constraints in warmed soils, limiting anabolic
 processes and microbial growth and promoting pervasive losses of C and N
 from the soil.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8sf7m0cst
title: Steering herds away from dangers in dynamic environments

description: Shepherding, the task of guiding a herd of autonomous individuals in a
 desired direction, is an essential skill to herd animals, enable crowd
 control, and rescue from danger. Equipping robots with the capability of
 shepherding would allow performing such tasks with increased efficiency
 and reduced labor costs. So far, only single-robot or centralized
 multi-robot solutions have been proposed. The former is unable to observe
 dangers at any place surrounding the herd, and the latter does not
 generalize to unconstrained environments. Therefore, we propose a
 decentralized control algorithm for multi-robot shepherding, where the
 robots maintain a caging pattern around the herd to detect potential
 nearby dangers. When danger is detected, part of the robot swarm positions
 itself in order to repel the herd towards a safer region. We study the
 performance of our algorithm for different collective motion models of the
 herd. We task the robots to shepherd a herd to safety in two dynamic
 scenarios: (i) to avoid dangerous patches appearing over time, and (ii) to
 remain inside a safe circular enclosure. Simulations show that the robots
 are always successful in shepherding when the herd remains cohesive, and
 enough robots are deployed.
description: This dataset has been collected by simulations running python
 scripts. The figures shown in the paper contain
 simulation results from 30 stochastically independent runs.
 See README.md for the full details on how to reproduce the data
 from the code.
description: Data files (.npy and/or .pkl extensions) have to be opened using
 Python. <strong>Install to open
 files</strong> Language:
 Python3.9<br>Packages: requirements.txt <em># Ubuntu
 commands</em><br><em>sudo apt-get -y
 update</em><br><em>sudo apt-get -y install
 software-properties-common</em><br><em>sudo
 add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa</em> <em>sudo apt-get -y install
 python3.9 python3.9-dev</em>
 <strong>Install to re-run code</strong>
 <em>sudo pip install
 -r requirements.txt</em> (See
 README.md)
DOI: 10.17632/4527crpztb
title: epistemic violence

description: In the interest, the knowledge struggles to understand the natural resources, when the tradition of burning fields is considered to be deforestation. There are other factors that illustrate that when the state technocratically mobilizes institutions, technology and "scientific" approaches (remote sensing, regulation and statistics). In hegemonic knowledge-based violence, the technology and scientific variables controlled by state groups (technocrats-intellectuals) often injustice and commit violence. Global agricultural and population statistics variables that are biased on capitalist-patriarchal economics cause women cultivators to become non-class subjects. Hotspot-based technology causes the tradition of burning to be politicized and victim blaming. Hegemonic violence causes women cultivators to become victims and the cultural knowledge of farming and burning in fields is silent. In this case, global agricultural and population statistics variables that are biased towards capitalist-patriarchal economics cause women cultivators to become non-class subjects. Women cultivators are victims of administrative injustice and government subordination. Women cultivators are victims of data politics and global stigmatization. Furthermore, the implementation of regulations that cut down living sites, cultural sites and women's independence has led the Ngaju people community towards genocide. Women cultivators and indigenous peoples are victims of the politicization of their existence and cultural knowledge.
DOI: 10.17632/4527crpztb.1
title: epistemic violence

description: In the interest, the knowledge struggles to understand the natural resources, when the tradition of burning fields is considered to be deforestation. There are other factors that illustrate that when the state technocratically mobilizes institutions, technology and "scientific" approaches (remote sensing, regulation and statistics). In hegemonic knowledge-based violence, the technology and scientific variables controlled by state groups (technocrats-intellectuals) often injustice and commit violence. Global agricultural and population statistics variables that are biased on capitalist-patriarchal economics cause women cultivators to become non-class subjects. Hotspot-based technology causes the tradition of burning to be politicized and victim blaming. Hegemonic violence causes women cultivators to become victims and the cultural knowledge of farming and burning in fields is silent. In this case, global agricultural and population statistics variables that are biased towards capitalist-patriarchal economics cause women cultivators to become non-class subjects. Women cultivators are victims of administrative injustice and government subordination. Women cultivators are victims of data politics and global stigmatization. Furthermore, the implementation of regulations that cut down living sites, cultural sites and women's independence has led the Ngaju people community towards genocide. Women cultivators and indigenous peoples are victims of the politicization of their existence and cultural knowledge.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m63xsj469
title: Staying in situ or shifting range under ongoing climate change: A case of an endemic herb in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains across elevational gradients

description: Aim: How species respond to ongoing climate change has been a hot research
 topic, especially with the controversy in shifting range (movement) or
 persisting in local habitat (in situ) as the primary response. Assessing
 the relative roles of range shifts, phenotypic plasticity and genetic
 adaptation helps us predict the evolutionary fate of species. We aim to
 explore the evolutionary strategies of plants under climate change from a
 keystone herb in alpine ecosystems, Mirabilis himalaica, along its
 elevational gradient. Location: Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains, China.
 Methods: We combined evidence from population genomics and ecological data
 in both space and time to investigate the state of “staying” or “moving”.
 We identified migration events by assessing historical and contemporary
 gene flow, and changes in species distribution. Morphological variation
 was compared by measuring five traits using specimen data. Moreover, we
 explored climate-driven genetic variation and local selection regimes
 acting on populations in the alpine landscape along an elevational
 gradient. Results: Our results argue that staying in situ by morphological
 variation and local genetic evolution rather than range shifting plays an
 important role in M. himalaica response to climate change. We first found
 trace evidence of upward or climatic-driven shifting along an elevational
 gradient, although asymmetric gene flow was restricted within
 microenvironments of mid-elevational populations. Furthermore,
 morphological variation comparisons revealed clinal variation, as resource
 allocation showed a declining pattern in vegetative growth but increased
 reproductive growth with increasing elevation. Outlier tests and
 environment association analyses indicated adaptative loci primarily
 related to thermal-driven selection and continuous adaptations to high
 elevation in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. Main conclusions: Our
 findings show M. himalaica may persist in local habitats rather than
 shifting range under climate change, exhibiting a low risk of genomic
 vulnerability in current habitats. This study has important implications
 for improving our understanding of the evolutionary response in alpine
 plants to climate change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4px
title: Tropical bat ectoparasitism in continuous versus fragmented forests: A gap analysis and preliminary meta-analysis

description: Tropical regions are experiencing rapid rates of forest fragmentation,
 which can have several effects on wildlife, including altered parasite
 dynamics. Bats are a useful host group to consider these effects of
 fragmentation because they are abundant in the tropics, serve important
 ecological roles, and harbour many parasites. Nevertheless, research on
 the effects of fragmentation on bat ectoparasites is still limited. To
 help guide ongoing and future research efforts, this study had two
 objectives: (1) conduct a gap analysis to characterize the state of
 currently available research on fragmentation effects on bat
 ectoparasites, and (2) conduct a preliminary meta-analysis to identify
 current trends. We systematically highlighted several research gaps:
 studies comparing the effects of fragmented versus continuous forests on
 ectoparasites are limited and have primarily been conducted in the
 Neotropics, with a focus on bats in the superfamily Noctilionidea
 (especially frugivorous phyllostomids). Our preliminary meta-analysis
 suggested that ectoparasite prevalence (but not the mean or variance in
 intensity) was higher in fragments than in continuous forests. Moreover,
 prevalence increased with increasing roost duration, and mean intensity
 was higher for bats with higher wing aspect ratios. Intensity variance was
 affected by an interaction between forest type and wing aspect ratio, such
 that variance increased for bats with high wing aspect ratios in
 continuous forests but decreased in fragments. These results suggest that
 fragmentation can shape aspects of bat ectoparasitism and could have
 implications for the ecology, health, and conservation of bats in
 fragmented landscapes. However, existing research gaps could bias our
 current understanding of habitat change and bat health, and future
 research should thus investigate these effects in the Paleotropics and
 with other bat families.
DOI: 10.17632/7x7dxvg8cc
title: The added diagnostic value of SPECT/CT in detecting periapical and periodontal inflammation in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw patients

description: Fig. 1,2
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbst
title: Warning coloration, body size and the evolution of gregarious behavior in butterfly larvae

description: Many species gain anti-predator benefits by combining gregarious behavior
 with warning coloration, yet there is debate over which trait evolves
 first, and which is the secondary adaptive enhancement. Body size can also
 influence how predators receive aposematic signals, and potentially
 constrain the evolution of gregarious behavior. To our knowledge, the
 causative links between the evolution of gregariousness, aposematism and
 larger body sizes have not been fully resolved. Here, using the most
 recently resolved butterfly phylogeny and an extensive new dataset of
 larval traits, we reveal the evolutionary interactions between important
 traits linked to larval gregariousness. We show that larval gregariousness
 has arisen many times across the butterflies, and aposematism is a likely
 prerequisite for gregariousness to evolve. We also find that body size may
 be an important factor for determining the coloration of solitary, but not
 gregarious larvae. Additionally, by exposing artificial ‘larvae’ to wild
 avian predation, we show that undefended, cryptic ‘larvae’ are heavily
 predated when aggregated but benefit from solitariness, whereas the
 reverse is true for aposematic prey. Our data reinforce the importance of
 aposematism for gregarious larval survival, whilst identifying new
 questions about the roles of body size and toxicity in the evolution of
 grouping behavior.
description: A combination of two separate methods. Larval trait data
 collected from literature-mining. Field study data collected from field
 experiments (exposing artificial 'caterpillar' targets to wild
 avian predators).
description: R Studio
DOI: 10.17632/7x7dxvg8cc.1
title: The added diagnostic value of SPECT/CT in detecting periapical and periodontal inflammation in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw patients

description: Fig. 1,2
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r2280gbhf
title: Sources of variation in reciprocal herkogamy in the distyly floral syndrome of Linum tenue (Linaceae)

description: Distyly is a floral polymorphism involving reciprocal herkogamy shaped by
 selection for pollen transfer efficiency. The variation of the floral
 organs involved in pollen transfer can be individually affected by
 environmental and genetic sources of variance, but the organ development
 will be canalized to minimize reciprocal inaccuracy between anthers and
 stigmas, as this is the focus of selection. We measured floral organ and
 cell length of both morphs of distylous Linum tenue (Linaceae) at
 different developmental stages of field- and glasshouse-grown plants. We
 analyzed the results to measure reciprocal inaccuracy and identify sources
 of variance.
description: To quantify the contribution of different floral traits and other
 conditions to within and between morph variation, measurements of floral
 organ length and herkogamy of field and glasshouse open flowers were made
 from field-collected flowers stored in 70% ethanol or one to three freshly
 opened flowers per glasshouse grown individual. Flowers were dissected
 whorl by whorl under a dissecting microscope, and the vertical length of
 the sepals and petals, petal width, stamens and their component filaments
 and anthers, pistils and their component styles, stigmas, and ovaries were
 measured from the base of the ovary, using a combination of vernier
 callipers and analysis of photos using ImageJ. The
 digital photographs of dissected flowers were made against a 1-mm-ruled
 graph paper background using a Leica M80 light microscope set at 7.5
 magnification connected to a computer. Multiple investigators contributed
 different measures at different times, so to account for observer
 differences in the glasshouse data, a constant was added to the measures
 of each morph type for each observer in order to have the same mean as the
 samples measured using ImageJ, which were considered to be the most
 accurate measures. To examine the expression of distyly
 at a cellular level, whole filaments and styles were separated from
 freshly harvested newly open flowers from glasshouse-grown individuals.
 Floral organs were mounted on microscope slides, stained with 0.05 %
 toluidine blue solution, and viewed at 100x to 400 times magnification
 using a differential interference contrast Leica DMI2500 microscope with
 an eyepiece graticule and photographed with a Panasonic GP-US932HAE
 camera. To account for localised differences in cell length at different
 positions along the organs, each style and stamen filament was classified
 into five approximately equal-length regions, R1 to R5, counting from base
 to tip. Using ImageJ software, up to 20 clearly visible cells were chosen
 from each image and measured along their longest axis to the nearest 0.1
 μm. 
description: Files are in comma separated values format that can be opened by
 any text editor.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-858262
title: Lesson Learning in the Estonian, Netherlands, Portuguese, and Ukrainian Armed Forces, 2021-2025

description: The grant has developed new knowledge about the barriers to learning in military organisations by uncovering the impact of the lived practices of practitioners on organisational learning in a military context. It develops a new 'practice-attentive' account of military learning which illuminates vital dynamics across three dimensions underlying organisational learning practices: (i) The structuring of resources, rules, and sanctioned interactions that shape possibilities for cooperative activities; (ii) differing temporal orientations and conflicting senses of priorities among actors; and (iii) relational patterns of communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing practices across teams, ranks, and functions. The grant finds that a practice perspective substantially advances conceptualising the 'living dynamics' underlying military learning successes and failures. It demonstrates the imperative that institutional governance mechanisms take these practice dimensions into account and discerns influence points for pragmatic intervention to improve organisational learning. The project finds that genuine organisational adaptation depends on enabling sustained collaborative questioning of perceived environmental givens across functions, ranks and time orientations through relentless examination of assumptions and reasoned challenge of constraints to learning. It therefore highlights the importance of senior leader championing of formal and informal institutional fora for structured reflection and cooperation of activities within strategic goals, such as ‘cross-functional teams’ and informal study groups/working groups established outside the military hierarchy. The grant also draws attention to the need for a focus on new research questions. In particular, to the imperative of further multi-disciplinary research into the role of promotion processes and officer education in fostering the practising of the relationships and behaviours across military organisations which enable the absorption of new knowledge. These areas are important to the success of organisational learning initiatives with armed forces, yet exploration of the fundamental features of good practice have largely been neglected by military innovation studies and scholars from management and organisation studies.