DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgc3
title: Data from: New species based on the biological species concept within the complex of <em>Lariophagus distinguendus</em> (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of household pests

description: The pteromalid parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus (Foerster) belongs to
 the Hymenoptera, a megadiverse insect order with high cryptic diversity.
 It attacks stored product pest beetles in human storage facilities.
 Recently, it has been shown to consist of two separate species. To further
 study its cryptic diversity, strains were collected to compare their
 relatedness using barcoding and nuclear genes. Nuclear genes identified
 two clusters which agree with the known two species, whereas the barcode
 fragment determined an additional third clade. Total reproductive
 isolation (RI) according to the biological species concept (BSC) was
 investigated in crossing experiments within and between clusters using
 representative strains. Sexual isolation exists between all studied pairs,
 increasing from slight to strong with genetic distance. Postzygotic
 barriers mostly affected hybrid males, pointing to Haldane’s rule. Hybrid
 females were only affected by unidirectional Spiroplasma-induced
 cytoplasmic incompatibility and behavioural sterility, each in one
 specific strain combination. RI was virtually absent between strains
 separated by up to 2.8% COI difference, but strong or complete in three
 pairs from one clade each, separated by at least 7.2%. Apparently, each of
 these clusters represents one separate species according to the BSC,
 highlighting cryptic diversity in direct vicinity to humans. In addition,
 these results challenge the recent “turbo-taxonomy” practice of using 2%
 COI differences to delimitate species, especially within parasitic
 Hymenoptera. The gradual increase in number and strength of reproductive
 barriers between strains with increasing genetic distance also sheds light
 on the emergence of barriers during the speciation process in
 L. distinguendus.
description: # Data from: New species based on the biological species concept within
 the complex of *Lariophagus distinguendus* (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea,
 Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of household pests
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgc3](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgc3) ## Description of the data and file structure Raw data belonging to: Pollmann M, Kuhn D, König C, Homolka I,Paschke S, Reinisch R, Schmidt A, Schwabe N, Weber J, Gottlieb Y, Steidle JLM, 2023. New species based on the biological species concept within the complex of Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera, ### File: Pollmann_et_al.xlsx #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_Sexual isolation" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- | :----------------------- | :-------- |
 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains the male and female of the respective cross belong to | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross between females and males which was evaluated for the occurrence of copulation | | D | occurrence of copulation | binomial | presence and absence of copulation in the respective crosses | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F1 female inviability" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- | :---------------------------- | :-------- |
 :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains the male and female of the respective cross producing the F1 females belong to | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross producing the counted F1 females | | D | number of F1 female offspring | numerical | number of F1 female offspring produced in the respective cross | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F1 female behavioural sterility" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------
 |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F1 females resulted | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross of F1 females and wildtype males which was evaluated for the occurrence of copulation | | D | occurrence of copulation between F1 females and wildtype males | binomial | presence and absence of copulation in the crosses between F1 females and wildtype males | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F1 female phys. sterility" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- |
 :---------------------------------------------------------------- |
 :--------- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F1 females resulted | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical  | number of cross of F1 females and wildtype males which was evaluated for the occurrence of offspring | | D | occurrence of total F2 offspring of F1 females and wildtype males | binomial | presence and absence of F2 offspring in the crosses between F1 females and wildtype males | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F1 female reduced fertility" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------ | :--------
 |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F1 females resulted | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross of F1 females and wildtype males which was evaluated for the total F2 offspring number | | D | number of total F2 offspring of F1 females and wildtype males | numerical | number of total F2 offspring produced in the respective cross | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F2 male inviability" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- | :------------------------------------------------ |
 :-------- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F2 males descended | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of virgin F1 female which produced the respective F2 males | | D | number of F2 male offspring of virgin F1 females  | numerical | number of male F2 offspring produced by the respective virgin F1 female | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F2 male behavioural sterility" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- |
 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | :-------- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F2 males descended | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross of F2 males and wildtype females which was evaluated for the occurrence of copulation | | D | occurrence of copulations in backcrosses of F2 males and wildtype females  | binomial | presence and absence of copulation in the crosses between F2 males and wildtype females | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F2 male physiological sterility" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- |
 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the wildtype females and of the respective cross from which the F2 males descended | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross of F2 males and wildtype females which was evaluated for the occurrence of F3 female offspring | | D | occurrence of F3 female offspring in backcrosses of F2 males and wildtype females | binomial | presence and absence of F3 female offspring in the crosses between F2 males and wildtype females | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_F2 male reduced fertility" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- |
 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains of the wildtype females and of the respective cross from which the F2 males descended | | B | strain pair | standard | combination of strains whose reproductive isolation was evaluated with the respective experiment | | C | number | numerical | number of cross of F2 males and wildtype females which was evaluated for the number of F3 female offspring | | D | number of F3 female offspring in backcrosses of F2 males and wildtype females  | numerical | number of female F3 offspring produced in the respective cross | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_CI" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- | :-------------------------------- | :-------- |
 :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | cross | standard | information on strains the male and female of the respective cross belong to | | B | number | numerical | number of cross evaluated for the occurrence of female offspring | | C | occurrence of F1 female offspring | binomial | presence and absence of F1 female offspring | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_sperm counts in seminal vesicle" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- | :------------------------------ | :-------- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | origin cross of F2 male | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F2 males descended | | B | number | numerical | number of F2 male evaluated for the sperm number in the seminal vesicles | | C | total sperm per seminal vesicle | numerical | total sperm number present in the respective seminal vesicle | #### "Pollmann_ECE-2023-01-00070 \_sperm counts in spermathecae" | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | | :----- | :-------------------------- | :-------- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Column | Entry | Value | Explanation | | A | origin cross of F2 male | standard | information on strains of the male and female of the respective cross from which the F2 males descended | | B | female mated to F2 male  | standard | information on strain of the wildtype female mated to the respective F2 male | | C | number | numerical | number of cross between F2 male and wildtype female evaluated for the sperm number in the spermatheca | | D | total sperm per spermatheca | numerical | total sperm number present in the respective spermatheca |