cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pzgmsbcfn
title: Widespread intersex differentiation across the stickleback genome – the signature of sexually antagonistic selection?

description: Females and males within a species commonly have distinct reproductive
 roles, and the associated traits may be under perpetual divergent natural
 selection between the sexes if their sex-specific control has not yet
 evolved. We here explore whether such sexually antagonistic selection can
 be detected based on the magnitude of differentiation between the sexes
 across genome-wide genetic polymorphisms by whole-genome sequencing of
 large pools of female and male threespine stickleback fish. We find
 numerous autosomal genome regions exhibiting intersex allele frequency
 differences beyond the range plausible under pure sampling stochasticity.
 Alternative sequence alignment strategies rule out that these
 high-differentiation regions represent sex chromosome segments
 misassembled into the autosomes. Instead, comparing allele frequencies and
 sequence read depth between the sexes reveals that regions of high
 intersex differentiation arise because autosomal chromosome segments got
 copied into the male-specific sex chromosome (Y), where they acquired new
 mutations. Because the Y chromosome is missing in the stickleback
 reference genome, sequence reads from derived DNA copies on the Y
 chromosome still align to the original homologous regions on the
 autosomes. We argue that this phenomenon hampers the identification of
 sexually antagonistic selection within a genome, and can lead to spurious
 conclusions from population genomic analyses when the underlying samples
 differ in sex ratios. Because the hemizygous sex chromosome sequence (Y or
 W) is not represented in most reference genomes, these problems may apply
 broadly.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ksn02v703
title: Data from: Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history, and morphology in the grey mouse lemur (M. murinus)

description: The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies
 on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance
 these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic
 correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other
 phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome
 hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the
 heritability of personality, life-history, and morphological traits and
 their potential genetic correlations in a small primate (Microcebus
 murinus). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in
 a large sample of captive mouse lemurs (N=486). We chose two personality
 traits, two life history traits, and two morphological traits to 1)
 estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance,
 and 2) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest
 narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits,
 and life history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also
 influence the sources of variation in life history and morphological
 traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one
 hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence
 latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was
 influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the
 influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of
 variation in personality, life-history, and morphological traits in a
 captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be
 partly explained by genetic trait covariances.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cjsxksn1h
title: Data from: Emerging risks of non-native species escapes from aquaculture: call for policy improvements in China and other developing countries

description: 1. Global aquaculture relies heavily on the farming of non-native aquatic
 species (hereafter, NAS). NAS escapes from aquaculture facilities can
 result in serious aquatic bio-invasions, which has been an important issue
 in the FAO Blue Growth Initiative. A regulatory quagmire regarding NAS
 farming and escapes, however, exists in most developing countries. 2. We
 discuss aquaculture expansion and NAS escapes, illustrate emerging risks,
 and propose recommendations for improved aquaculture management across
 developing countries and particularly for China. 3. In China, 68 NAS are
 known to have successfully established feral populations in natural
 habitats due to recurrent leakages or escapes; among the 68 NAS, 52
 represent risks to native aquatic ecosystems. In addition to affecting a
 country’s own biodiversity and ecosystem functions, NAS escapees can also
 threaten the biosecurity of shared waters in neighboring countries. 4.
 Policy implications. Non-native aquatic species (NAS) escapes have already
 had adverse ecological effects in China and other developing countries.
 The importance of this problem, however, is not adequately recognized by
 current conservation policies in developing countries. To conserve
 biodiversity and to support the goal of FAO’s sustainable aquaculture,
 developing countries should now take responsible actions to address NAS
 escapes through policy and management improvements. Specifically, these
 countries should pass comprehensive legislation, establish effective
 agencies and national standards and planning, and enhance integrated
 research and education to deal with risk assessment, prevention,
 monitoring, and control of NAS escapes. Given that China is the world’s
 largest aquacultural producer, China can create a model for other
 developing countries that will increase the biosecurity and sustainability
 of global aquaculture.
description: We collected this dataset from published references.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkkwk
title: Data from: Neighbour species richness and local structural variability modulate aboveground allocation patterns and crown morphology of individual trees

description: Local neighbourhood interactions are considered a main driver for
 biodiversity–productivity relationships in forests. Yet, the structural
 responses of individual trees in species mixtures and their relation to
 crown complementarity remain poorly understood. Using a large‐scale forest
 experiment, we studied the impact of local tree species richness and
 structural variability on above‐ground wood volume allocation patterns and
 crown morphology. We applied terrestrial laser scanning to capture the
 three‐dimensional structure of trees and their temporal dynamics. We found
 that crown complementarity and crown plasticity increased with species
 richness. Trees growing in species‐rich neighbourhoods showed enhanced
 aboveground wood volume both in trunks and branches. Over time,
 neighbourhood diversity induced shifts in wood volume allocation in favour
 of branches, in particular for morphologically flexible species. Our
 results demonstrate that diversity‐mediated shifts in allocation pattern
 and crown morphology are a fundamental mechanism for crown complementarity
 and may be an important driver of overyielding.  
description: Data from: Neighbour species richness and local structural
 variability modulate aboveground allocation patterns and crown morphology
 of individual trees +++ The dataset
 CCI_Data_2015_Site_A.csv contains the local crown complementarity index
 data for target trees in monocultures and mixtures in the year 2015 (Site
 A, BEF-China experiment) Column description for
 CCI_Data_2015_Site_A.csv:<br>  PLOT_NO ... Plot tag in main
 experiment<br>  CCI ... Local crown complementarity index<br>
  NSR ... Neighbourhood species richness<br>  TREE_R ... Plot species
 richness<br>  nb_Crown.FDis ... Neighbourhood variation in crown
 shape<br>  nb_CrVol_RaoQ ... Neighbourhood variation in crown
 size +++ Further inventory data as
 well as metadata for the BEF-China experiment can be requested and
 downloaded from the BEF-China data portal
 (http://china.befdata.biow.uni-leipzig.de/). For
 further information or requests please contact:
 matthias.kunz@tu-dresden.de, Institute of General Ecology and
 Environmental Protection, TU Dresden, Germany.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k0p2ngf3z
title: Data from: Does evolutionary history correlate with contemporary extinction risk by influencing range size dynamics?

description: Extinction threatens many species, yet is predicted by few factors across
 the plant Tree of Life (ToL). Taxon age is one factor that may associate
 with extinction if occupancy of geographic and adaptive zones varies with
 time, but evidence for such an association has been equivocal.
 Age-dependent occupancy can also influence diversification rates and thus
 extinction risk where new taxa have small range and population sizes. To
 test how age, diversification, and range size were correlated with
 extinction, we analysed 639 well-sampled genera representing 8,937 species
 from across the plant ToL. We found a greater proportion of species were
 threatened by contemporary extinction in younger and faster-diversifying
 genera. When we directly tested how range size mediated this pattern in
 two large, well-sampled groups, our results varied. In conifers, potential
 range size was smaller in older species and was correlated with higher
 extinction risk. Age on its own had no direct effect on extinction when
 accounting for its influence on range size. In palm species, age was
 neither directly nor indirectly correlated with extinction risk. Our
 results suggest range size dynamics may explain differing patterns of
 extinction risk across the ToL with consequences for biodiversity
 conservation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn04x
title: The two oxpecker species reveal the role of movement rates and foraging intensity in species coexistence

description: The two Buphagus oxpecker species are specialized passerines that forage
 for ticks and other food particles on the body of ungulates in the African
 savannas. One of their intriguing features is their ability to coexist
 despite sharing the same, specialized diet. Using co-occurrence data
 (photographs of giraffes with oxpeckers on them) and Approximate Bayesian
 Computing, we demonstrate that yellow-billed oxpeckers changed host faster
 than red-billed oxpeckers and appeared to displace red-billed oxpeckers
 from preferred giraffe body parts. Conversely, red-billed oxpeckers
 exhibited a fuller use of each host and displaced yellow-billed oxpeckers
 from distal giraffe body parts. These findings highlight that the
 partition of giraffe hosts in two separate niches was only part of the
 coexistence story in this species pair. More precisely, the oxpeckers
 shared resource by exploiting it at different rates. They engaged in
 different trade-offs between giving-up density, patch discovery rate, and
 competitor displacement ability. They illustrate the importance of the
 time frame of interactions.
description: Observers opportunistically
 photographed giraffes between 2007 and 2015 during the day from the
 network of tracks in the woodlands of the northeast of Hwange National
 Park, Zimbabwe (19°00’S, 26°30’E). We retained 345 pictures featuring the
 full left or right side of giraffes with oxpecker on them (42% had no
 oxpecker). RG marked down the oxpeckers with an estimated 99% detection
 rate (double observer protocol; Gagnon et al. 2019). GP identified the
 oxpeckers to species with an estimated rate of misidentification
 &lt;2% (after a two-step process; <i>Supplementary Material
 </i>S1). We only used pictures in which GP assessed that any bird in
 full view could have been identified given the distance and resolution of
 the photograph, thereby avoiding a bias towards adult oxpeckers and
 towards pictures with fewer identification challenges. The final sample
 size was 134 individual giraffes photographed between 9am and 5pm. Lastly,
 we located the oxpeckers on the bodies of the giraffes (abdomen,
 ano-genital area, back, rump, groin, head, lower leg, mane, neck, scapula,
 shoulder, tail, thigh, or upper leg; see Gagnon et al. 2019 for full
 detail).
description: RO = number of red-billed oxpeckers YO =
 number of yellow-billed oxpeckers
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nk98sf7pf
title: Plant defense resistance in natural enemies of a specialist insect herbivore

description: Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the production of
 toxic and deterrent metabolites. Adapted herbivores can tolerate and
 sometimes sequester these metabolites, allowing them to feed on defended
 plants and become toxic to their own enemies. Can herbivore natural
 enemies overcome sequestered plant defense metabolites to prey on adapted
 herbivores? To address this question, we studied how entomopathogenic
 nematodes cope with benzoxazinoid defense metabolites that are produced by
 grasses and sequestered by a specialist maize herbivore, the western corn
 rootworm. We find that nematodes from US maize fields in regions in which
 the western corn rootworm was present over the last 50 years are
 behaviorally and metabolically resistant to sequestered benzoxazinoids and
 more infective towards the western corn rootworm than nematodes from other
 parts of the world. Exposure of a benzoxazinoid-susceptible nematode
 strain to the western corn rootworm for five generations results in higher
 behavioral and metabolic resistance and benzoxazinoid-dependent
 infectivity towards the western corn rootworm. Thus, herbivores that are
 exposed to a plant defense sequestering herbivore can evolve both
 behavioral and metabolic resistance to plant defense metabolites, and
 these traits are associated with higher infectivity towards a defense
 sequestering herbivore. We conclude that plant defense metabolites that
 are transferred through adapted herbivores may result in the evolution of
 resistance in herbivore natural enemies. Our study also identifies plant
 defense resistance as a potential target for the improvement of biological
 control agents.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mgqnk98vr
title: Seasonal shifts of biodiversity patterns and species’ elevation ranges of butterflies and moths along a complete rainforest elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon

description: Aim Temporal dynamics of biodiversity along tropical elevational gradients
 are unknown. We studied seasonal changes of Lepidoptera biodiversity along
 the only complete forest elevational gradient in the Afrotropics. We
 focused on shifts of species richness patterns, seasonal turnover of
 communities, and seasonal shifts of species’ elevational ranges, the
 latter often serving as an indicator of the global change effects on
 mountain ecosystems. Location Mount Cameroon, Cameroon. Taxon Butterflies
 and moths (Lepidoptera) Methods We quantitatively sampled nine groups of
 Lepidoptera by bait-trapping (16,800 trap-days) and light-catching (126
 nights) at seven elevations evenly distributed along the elevational
 gradient from sea level (30 m asl) to timberline (2,200 m asl). Sampling
 was repeated in three seasons. Result Altogether, 42,936 specimens of
 1,099 species were recorded. A mid-elevation peak of species richness was
 detected for all groups but Eupterotidae. This peak shifted seasonally for
 five groups, most of them ascending during the dry season. Seasonal shifts
 of species’ elevational ranges were mostly responsible for these diversity
 pattern shifts along elevation: we found general upward shifts in
 fruit-feeding butterflies, fruit-feeding moths and Lymantriinae from
 beginning to end of the dry season. Contrarily, Arctiinae shifted upwards
 during the wet season. The average seasonal shifts of elevational ranges
 often exceeded 100 metres and were even several times higher for numerous
 species. Main conclusion We report seasonal uphill and downhill shifts of
 several lepidopteran groups. The reported shifts can be driven by both
 delay in weather seasonality and shifts in resource availability, causing
 phenological delay of adult hatching and/or adult migrations. Such shifts
 may lead to misinterpretations of diversity patterns along elevation if
 seasonality is ignored. More importantly, considering the surprising
 extent of seasonal elevational shifts of species, we encourage taking
 account of such natural temporal dynamics while investigating the global
 climate change impact on communities of Lepidoptera in tropical mountains.
description: The dataset was collected by two methodologies: 1/ bait-trapping
 and 2/ manual catching of target group at light. See Maicher et al. (2019)
 for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fj6q573pw
title: Data from: MRI-based visualization of rTMS-induced cortical plasticity in the primary motor cortex

description: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in
 cortical excitability for minutes to hours after the end of intervention.
 However, it has not been precisely determined to what extent cortical
 plasticity prevails spatially in the cortex. Recent studies have shown
 that rTMS induces changes in “interhemispheric” functional connectivity,
 the resting-state functional connectivity between the stimulated region
 and the symmetrically corresponding region in the contralateral
 hemisphere. In the present study, quadripulse stimulation (QPS) was
 applied to the index finger representation in the left primary motor
 cortex (M1), while the position of the stimulation coil was constantly
 monitored by an online navigator. After QPS application, resting-state
 functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the
 interhemispheric functional connectivity was compared with that before
 QPS. A cluster of connectivity changes was observed in the stimulated
 region in the central sulcus. The cluster was spatially extended
 approximately 10 mm from the center [half width at half maximum (HWHM):
 approximately 3 mm] and was extended approximately 20 mm long in depth
 (HWHM: approximately 7 mm). A localizer scan of the index finger motion
 confirmed that the cluster of interhemispheric connectivity changes
 overlapped spatially with the activation related to the index finger
 motion. These results indicate that cortical plasticity in M1 induced by
 rTMS was relatively restricted in space and suggest that rTMS can reveal
 functional dissociation associated with adjacent small areas by inducing
 neural plasticity in restricted cortical regions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h45v
title: Antegrade anterior column acetabulum fracture fixation with cannulated compression headless screws - A biomechanical study on standardized osteoporotic artificial bone

description: NOTICE: The original data files published on September 27, 2019, have been
 removed due to non-compliance with Dryad guidelines for publishing human
 subjects data. ************** Purpose Due to the increase in life
 expectancy and high-energy traumas, anterior column acetabular fractures
 (ACFs) are also increasing. While open reduction and internal fixation
 (ORIF) is still the standard surgical procedure, minimally invasive,
 percutaneous fixation of osteoporotic acetabulum fractures (AF) are
 growing in popularity. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate
 the biomechanical competence following antegrade fixation with a standard
 screw versus a cannulated compression headless screw. Methods Eight
 anatomical osteoporotic composite pelvises were given an anterior column
 fracture. Two groups of eight specimens each (n = 8) for fixation with
 either a 6.5 mm cannulated compression headless screw in group Anterior
 Acetabulum Canulated Compression Headless Screw (AACCH), or with a 6.5 mm
 partially threaded cannulated screw in group Anterior Acetabulum Standard
 Screw (AASS) where compared. Each specimen was biomechanically loaded
 cyclically at a rate of 2 Hz with monotonically increasing compressive
 load until failure. Motions were assessed by means of optical motion
 tracking. Results Initial construct stiffness trended higher in group
 AACCH at 152.4 ± 23.1 N/mm compared to group AASS at 118.5 ± 34.3 N/mm, p
 = 0.051. Numbers of cycles and corresponding peak load at failure, were
 significantly higher in group AACCH at 6734 ± 1669 cycles and 873.4 ±
 166.9 N versus group AASS at 4440 ± 2063 cycles and 644.0 ± 206.3 N, p =
 0.041. Failure modes were breakout of the screws around the proximal entry
 point. Conclusion From a biomechanical perspective, group AACCH was
 associated with superior biomechanical competence compared to standard
 partially threaded cannulated screws and could therefore be considered as
 valid alternative for fixation of anterior acetabulum fractures.
description: **NOTICE**: The original data files published on September 27, 2019, have
 been removed due to non-compliance with Dryad guidelines for publishing
 human subjects data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1b7
title: Data from: Barrier bednets target malaria vectors and expand the range of usable insecticides

description: Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites occurs when
 nocturnal Anopheles mosquito vectors feed on human blood. In Africa, where
 malaria burden is greatest, bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide
 were highly effective in preventing mosquito bites and reducing
 transmission, and essential to achieving unprecedented reductions in
 malaria until 2015. Since then, progress has stalled and with
 insecticidal bednets losing efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant
 Anopheles vectors, methods that restore performance are urgently needed to
 eliminate any risk of malaria returning to the levels seen prior to their
 widespread use throughout sub-Saharan Africa.  Here we show that
 the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is targeted and killed by
 small insecticidal net barriers positioned above a standard bednet, in a
 spatial region of high mosquito activity but zero contact with sleepers,
 opening the way for deploying many more insecticides on bednets than
 currently possible.  Tested against wild pyrethroid-resistant
 Anopheles gambiae in Burkina Faso, pyrethroid bednets with organophosphate
 barriers achieved significantly higher killing rates than bednets
 alone.  Treated barriers on untreated bednets were equally
 effective, without significant loss of personal protection. Mathematical
 modelling of transmission dynamics predicted reductions in clinical
 malaria incidence with barrier bednets that exceeded those of
 ‘next-generation’ nets recommended by WHO against resistant vectors.
 Mathematical models of mosquito-barrier interactions identified
 alternative barrier designs to increase performance.  Barrier
 bednets that overcome insecticide resistance are feasible using existing
 insecticides and production technology, and early implementation of
 affordable vector control tools is a realistic prospect.
description: <strong>BB_Hut_Trial_2017_rotation_plan_Dryad_Sept_2019.xlsx </strong> Hut trial data from Tengrela village, Cascades region, Burkina Faso, 16/07/2017 - 25/08/2017. Data formatted as simplified version of Kiware <em>et al</em> 2016 ED 2 framework  (https://scfbm.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13029-016-0050-1). The second sheet details the randomised hut trial full latin-square rotation plan. Any missing values are detailed in the notes section.