cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8gtemn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Barbus banguelensis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007298-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.21227/pz16-t429
title: "Confined-MSIS"

description: "Confined-MSIS DatasetConfined-MSIS is a curated sonar dataset collected using a mechanically scanning imaging sonar (MSIS) in confined underwater environments. It includes raw sonar Ping data, visualized angle-range maps, polar-coordinate plots, and semantic segmentation labels for supervised learning."
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mwu4yx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sylvicapra grimmia)",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007300-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u5rr37
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 42 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Roystonea oleracea",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 42 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007302-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qbz24y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sylvicapra grimmia)",
 "Country is one of (Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United States of America)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007299-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mugh28
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sylvicapra grimmia)",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007301-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.az293d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Beirabarbus palustris"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007304-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/12457651
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3q83c3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sylvicapra grimmia)",
 "Country is one of (American Samoa, Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007307-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.px6ktx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6782 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sylvicapra grimmia)",
 "Country is one of (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, French Southern Territories, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6782 records from 30 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007305-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ysee2b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10448 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gymnocladus dioicus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10448 records from 260 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007303-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nqr22r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sylvicapra grimmia)",
 "Country is one of (Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007306-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4p6b9z
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 47 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Agave sisalana",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 47 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007308-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g95gx8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Barbus rogersi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007309-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.h3hprt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gynoxys columbiana"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007310-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7b8v65
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Syncerus caffer)",
 "Country is one of (Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United States of America)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007311-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bkxgk6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Syncerus caffer)",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007312-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3qjsms
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Syncerus caffer)",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007313-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4qns33
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 248 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Asparagus setaceus",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 248 records from 44 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007315-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.js87f6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Barbus rubellus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007314-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29554232
title: RNA seq of lung tissue, mus musculus

description: Our primary objective was to explore the baseline transcriptome of air-exposed pregnant and non-pregnant mice and compare it to that of cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. This approach allowed us to identify differences in the transcriptomic data between pregnant and non-pregnant mice exposed to CS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29554232.v1
title: RNA seq of lung tissue, mus musculus

description: Our primary objective was to explore the baseline transcriptome of air-exposed pregnant and non-pregnant mice and compare it to that of cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. This approach allowed us to identify differences in the transcriptomic data between pregnant and non-pregnant mice exposed to CS.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.srckq6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Syncerus caffer)",
 "Country is one of (Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007318-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.47pzfm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Syncerus caffer)",
 "Country is one of (American Samoa, Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007317-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zfta33
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13393 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Syncerus caffer)",
 "Country is one of (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, French Southern Territories, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13393 records from 39 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007319-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5u6pjj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 143 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Furcraea foetida",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 143 records from 41 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007320-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kthbq6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7465 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gypsophila paniculata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7465 records from 435 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007316-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kx5d6h
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Barbus doggetti"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007321-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rf4735
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 135 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gypsophila petraea"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 135 records from 36 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007322-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15699912
title: STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT: MANAGING LABOR RISK AND SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DIGITAL COMPETENCY CERTIFICATION

description: Human resource development in the mining industry must advance past conventional learning methods because the world faces geopolitical instability and technological progress, also sustainability challenges. This article investigates digital based competency certification as an essential strategic policy instrument to minimize work risks while promoting sustainability understanding among operators heavy equipment and managing operator heavy equipment inequality in the Indonesian coal mining industry. The research used SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 to analyze 314 operators heavy equipment from mining contractor companies and examined knowledge, skills, attitudes, and other research on certification success and sustainability outcomes.

The research shows that attitudes drive knowledge and skill development yet they do not directly affect the achievement of digital based competency certification. The relationship between attitude and digital based competency certification depends on knowledge and skills which act as complete mediators. Knowledge and skills directly and indirectly boost sustainability awareness and digital based competency certification acts as a partial mediator in this process. These two factors work together to enhance sustainability awareness. Human resources strategies use digital based competency certification as both an assessment tool and innovative solution. Digital competency certification programs in workforce development support organizations to meet their Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) compliance targets and environmental responsibility goals. This is in line with the current ESG aspect, which is currently a very hot topic of discussion and is being monitored in various companies and organizations, governments of Republic of Indonesia, governments of Southeast Asia (ASEAN), and the world.

The research demonstrates that digital certification functions as both a technical performance measure and a strategic instrument to build sustainable organizational culture through workforce development. The study results demonstrate that human resource development agendas and organizational sustainability strategies should integrate the digital certification programs as a fundamental requirement.