cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e117389v1
title: Focused Classroom Coaching and Widespread Racial Equity in School Discipline

description: We examined the effects of a teacher coaching program on discipline referrals using records from 7,794 U.S. classrooms in secondary schools. Some classroom teachers took part in a trial: They were randomized to receive intensive coaching in a focal classroom or to form a business-as-usual control group. The remaining teachers taught in the same schools as the teachers in the trial. Previous research suggested that the coaching program was associated with increasing equity in discipline referrals in focal, coached classrooms. The current study addressed whether effects found in the teachers’ focal, coached classrooms generalized to diverse classrooms in their course load. Results suggested that the coaching program had no generalized effects on reducing referrals with African American students or racial referral gaps in classrooms with coached teachers, relative to the control teachers and the other teachers in the schools. We offer implications for coaching programs and directions for equity-oriented efforts to reduce racial discipline gaps. <br>
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3626676
title: Astrea: automatic generation of SHACL shapes from ontologies

description: This resource is Astrea-KG, a Knowledge Graph that publishes a set of mappings that encode the equivalent conceptual restrictions among ontology constraint patterns and SHACL constraints patterns.
DOI: 10.5063/f1rv0m1s
title: A global database of chlorophyll and water chemistry in freshwater lakes

description: Chlorophyll is an important variable used to assess water quality in freshwater lakes around the globe. Using a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature and online repositories, we compiled a database of chlorophyll values. When available, we also aggregated data on lake morphology and water chemistry. Over 3000 published manuscripts were reviewed and 15 online datasets. We obtained 24,483 unique survey in 9625 lakes and 72 countries. Every survey instance had chlorophyll values, and when available other water chemistry variables such as total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissoved organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen. Within this database, there are files that correspond to the studies that were examined, lake morphology, water chemistry, chlorophyll concentration, and lake information (e.g. location, country, name). The geospatial coordinates that are supply allow for inclusion of variables with raster data such as climate projections, land use, and topography. This dataset can be used for improving our understanding of freshwater equality in response to global change and for management to improve water quality
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627110
title: Supplementary data for human Y-chromosome gene expression analysis

description: Processed data for: AK Godfrey, S Naqvi, L Chmátal, JM Chick, RN Mitchell, SP Gygi, DC Page. Non-coding sequence divergence of the human X and Y chromosomes drove male-biased expression of dosage-sensitive regulatory genes. The following six files are provided for reference and for use in future analyses. (1) <strong>gencode.v24.annotation.basic_ccds_nopar.gtf.gz</strong> — transcriptome annotation used in analyses (2) <strong>gtex.ksto.gen24c.prefilt_pass1.genes.est_counts.txt.gz</strong> — genes x samples matrix containing estimated count values output by kallisto for all samples passing initial set of metadata-based filters. (3) <strong>gtex.ksto.gen24c.prefilt_pass1.pcgenes.tpm.txt.gz</strong> — protein-coding genes x samples matrix containing TPM values output by kallisto for all samples passing initial set of metadata-based filters. (4) <strong>gtex.ksto.gen24c.prefilt_pass1.postfilt_pass.pcgenes.tpm.txt.gz </strong>— protein-coding genes x samples matrix containing TPM values output by kallisto for samples passing initial metadata-based filters and expression-outlier filters. (5) <strong>gtex.ksto.gen24c.prefilt_pass1.postfilt_pass.pcgenes.adj_tpm.txt.gz </strong>— protein-coding genes x samples matrix (based on file #4 above) containing TPM values adjusted for RIN, ischemic time, and intronic-read mapping rate. (6) <strong>gtex_metadata_subset.txt</strong> — sample/donor metadata The remaining 24 files contain the input data required to replicate analyses in the manuscript, as detailed at https://github.com/akg8/MSY-expression. HDF5 (`.h5`) files contain individual pandas DataFrame objects with the key `df`.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627020
title: RNAseq dataset feb 2020

description: counts file and experimental design for big data course feb 2020 based fastq files(SRI) from project PRJEB13938 (ncbi) https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-4683/ mapped with hisat2 to arabidopsis genome (araport 11) and counted with featueCounds.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627021
title: RNAseq dataset feb 2020

description: counts file and experimental design for big data course feb 2020 based fastq files(SRI) from project PRJEB13938 (ncbi) https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-4683/ mapped with hisat2 to arabidopsis genome (araport 11) and counted with featueCounds.
DOI: 10.14469/hpc/6738
title: Favorable conditions for magnetic reconnection at Ganymede's upstream magnetopause

description: These files constitute datasets used in figures in the paper, titled "Favorable conditions for magnetic reconnection at Ganymede's upstream magnetopause", that has been submitted for publication by Geophysical Research Letters in November 2019.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb1720466-4
title: High Pressure Driven Spin States in LaCoO3

description: This proposal is concerned with determining variations in the high pressure structure of LaCoO3 and observing changes within this as the material undergoes some well characterised temperature-driven electronic transitions. By driving LaCoO3 through the well known spin state transitions by pressure we aim to:a) An understanding of the Co-O bond distance and spin states as a function of pressure.b) Determine the variation in the octahedral tilting of the CoO6 octahedra as a function of pressure.c) Derive insight into the structural variation, transition temperatures and pressures at the LS-IS-HS transitions  significantly enhancing knowledge of the phase diagram of this important compound.This information is crucial for understanding the nature of spin-state transitions and related phenomena in RCoO3 cobaltates in general.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/e5ca11c385ca786e789431baa8d5f046
title: Annual Aboveground Net Primary Productivity by plant functional groups across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2006-ongoing

description: The objective of this ongoing study is to investigate how pulses of precipitation translate into pulses of plant aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) across grassland to shrubland ecotones in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. This dataset consists of annual aboveground net primary productivity estimates by plant functional groups in three habitat vegetation zones (grassland, ecotone, and shrubland) at three grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. The annual ANPP estimates are derived from plant cover measurements (see methods). Data collection is ongoing with new observations in spring and fall of each year; data from both annual sampling times are required to estimate annual ANPP.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb2000135
title: ISIS Commercial access : TRAD

description: ISIS commercial access.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb2000135-1
title: ISIS Commercial access : TRAD

description: ISIS commercial access.
DOI: 10.5286/isis.e.rb2000135-2
title: ISIS Commercial access : TRAD

description: ISIS commercial access.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/uixdai/juhpuq
title: Busby-pre-analysis plan.pdf

description: This file is the pre-analysis plan
DOI: 10.6085/aa/marine_cbs.3.1
title: PISCO: Intertidal: Coastal Biodiversity Surveys: Species Presence

description: This metadata record documents the species presence for PISCO/MARINe intertidal coastal biodiversity surveys. Intertidal surveys are comprised of four components, all sampled along the same transects: (1) point contact estimates of intertidal cover and substrate characteristics, (2) swath transects to estimate the density of seastars and abalone, (3) quadrat sampling to estimate the density of mobile invertebrates, and (4) topography (elevation relative to mean low low water (mllw)). Intertidal coastal biodiversity surveys are done throughout the year at sites ranging from Southeast Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. Selected sites are resampled on a 3 to 5 year cycle. A site is defined as a contiguous rocky bench of at least 30m. Species presence data are summarized from all visits to a particular site. Sites that have never had a full survey done have not been included. Please note that sensitive species have been removed from this dataset.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/marine_cbs.4.1
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.17632/7bgbxy8kmp.1
title: Spatial distribution and biogeochemical cycling of methyl iodide in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during summer
DOI: 10.17632/scwxcw4gcz.1
title: Data for: Fuel-cell grade hydrogen production by coupling steam reforming of ethanol and CO removal

description: This dataset contains the information of activity, selectivity and stability tests of carbon monoxide removal from syngas using AuCu/CeO2 catalysts with several Au/Cu ratios. Reaction condition and characterization data are included.
DOI: 10.17632/db8tg8gk9b.2
title: Spiritual Leadership Data set

description: Spiritual leadership data set in higher education
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/0evd2e
title: Fig-2.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/d0lcde
title: Fig-C03.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/hbhrtg
title: soep2repo_revenge_index_res_iv.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/ipdgmg
title: Fig-C16.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/jzxa57
title: soep2repo_mean_pol_interest_res_iv.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/osqwzu
title: soep2repo_revenge_index_res_fe.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/qri3tr
title: soep2repo_mean_unemployed_res_iv.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/ymlcyp
title: README.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.17632/7md6sbmz5t.1
title: Data for: Relationships between population traits, non-structural carbohydrates and elevation in alpine stands of Vaccinium myrtillus L.

description: The data-set is used in the publication entitled: 'Relationships between population traits, non-structural carbohydrates and elevation in alpine stands of Vaccinium myrtillus L.' published in American Journal of Botany (AJB). The research hypothesis, sampling design, methods, analysis, results and interpretation of results are described in the published paper. The data-set include sample sites environmental data, growth traits of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) stands and Non-structural carbohydrates measured in stems of Vaccinium myrtillus.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627346
title: ePSproc: ABCO wavefn run, HOMO ioinzation (A1), 0.5:1:10.5, orb 31

description: ABCO wavefn run, HOMO ioinzation (A1), 0.5:1:10.5, orb 31 - photoionization calculations with ePolyScat (ePS) + ePSproc.<br><br>*Web version*: https://phockett.github.io/ePSdata/ABCO/ABCO_0.01-5.01eV_orb31_A1.html<br><br>For more details of the calculations, see readme.txt, or: About ePSdataAbout ePSprocAbout ePS
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627347
title: ePSproc: ABCO wavefn run, HOMO ioinzation (A1), 0.5:1:10.5, orb 31

description: ABCO wavefn run, HOMO ioinzation (A1), 0.5:1:10.5, orb 31 - photoionization calculations with ePolyScat (ePS) + ePSproc.<br><br>*Web version*: https://phockett.github.io/ePSdata/ABCO/ABCO_0.01-5.01eV_orb31_A1.html<br><br>For more details of the calculations, see readme.txt, or: About ePSdataAbout ePSprocAbout ePS
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627353
title: ePSproc: ABCO, orb 30 ioinzation (E)

description: ABCO, orb 30 ioinzation (E) - photoionization calculations with ePolyScat (ePS) + ePSproc.<br> <br> *Web version*: https://phockett.github.io/ePSdata/ABCO/ABCO_1-50eV_orb30_E.html<br> <br> For more details of the calculations, see readme.txt, or: About ePSdata About ePSproc About ePS
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627360
title: Datasets used in 'Streambed hydraulic conductivity estimated by spectral induced polarization imaging can help to improve groundwater modeling'

description: These datasets pertain to the manuscript entitled 'Streambed hydraulic conductivity estimated by spectral induced polarization imaging can help to improve groundwater modeling', which is currently submitted for revision in Water Resources Research. They comprise raw data from measurements taken in the field at 2 sites in terms of (1) pressure time series during the performed slug tests, (2) impedance from spectral induced polarization, (3) submersion levels of the used electrodes below the top of the water column, and (4) three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates relating the measurements spatially. The coordinates have been projected to a local coordinate system for each site, to comply with a non-disclosure agreement of the measurement locations. The projection of the coordinates still allows to fully reproduce the presented results, if using the methods described in the manuscript. The naming convention throughout the datasets is consistent with site labels used in the manuscript. All data is given as comma-separated values with intuitive file names and self-explanatory headers containing a list of field names. The slug test data includes multiple repetitions of the same measurement, and the impedance measurements contain normal as well as reciprocal readings – as described in the manuscript. The data is separated into two compressed file archives, named according to the site names given in the manuscript. Each file pertaining to slug tests at a certain location, in the subfolder “slugTestRecordings” has the following naming convention: “&lt;locationTag&gt;_&lt;finalDepth&gt;.csv”, where &lt;locationTag&gt; corresponds to the local coordinates given in “coordinates.txt”, and where &lt;finalDepth&gt; is an integer describing the largest depth in cm at which a slug test was performed according to the protocol described in the manuscript. Each file pertaining to impedance measurements at a certain profile, in the subfolder “SIPRecordings”, has the following naming convention: “&lt;locationTag&gt;_&lt;frequency&gt;.dat”, where &lt;locationTag&gt; corresponds to the local coordinates given in “coordinates.txt”, and where &lt;frequency&gt; is a zero-padded integer describing the measurement frequency in Hz at which the measurement was performed according to the protocol described in the manuscript. Submersion levels of the electrodes below the top of the stream’s water column are given in m in the file “submersionLevels.txt”, corresponding to the local coordinates given in “coordinates.txt”. The local coordinates given in m in “coordinates.txt” have the following convention for the column “locationTag”: “&lt;profileTag&gt;-&lt;electrodeNumber&gt;, where &lt;profileTag&gt; pertains to a name of the electrical array and &lt;electrodeNumber”&gt; is a continuous number for the electrode. Slug tests were exclusively perfomed at the location of electrodes and files are, thus, as described above, named accordingly.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3627361
title: Datasets used in 'Streambed hydraulic conductivity estimated by spectral induced polarization imaging can help to improve groundwater modeling'

description: These datasets pertain to the manuscript entitled 'Streambed hydraulic conductivity estimated by spectral induced polarization imaging can help to improve groundwater modeling', which is currently submitted for revision in Water Resources Research. They comprise raw data from measurements taken in the field at 2 sites in terms of (1) pressure time series during the performed slug tests, (2) impedance from spectral induced polarization, (3) submersion levels of the used electrodes below the top of the water column, and (4) three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates relating the measurements spatially. The coordinates have been projected to a local coordinate system for each site, to comply with a non-disclosure agreement of the measurement locations. The projection of the coordinates still allows to fully reproduce the presented results, if using the methods described in the manuscript. The naming convention throughout the datasets is consistent with site labels used in the manuscript. All data is given as comma-separated values with intuitive file names and self-explanatory headers containing a list of field names. The slug test data includes multiple repetitions of the same measurement, and the impedance measurements contain normal as well as reciprocal readings – as described in the manuscript. The data is separated into two compressed file archives, named according to the site names given in the manuscript. Each file pertaining to slug tests at a certain location, in the subfolder “slugTestRecordings” has the following naming convention: “&lt;locationTag&gt;_&lt;finalDepth&gt;.csv”, where &lt;locationTag&gt; corresponds to the local coordinates given in “coordinates.txt”, and where &lt;finalDepth&gt; is an integer describing the largest depth in cm at which a slug test was performed according to the protocol described in the manuscript. Each file pertaining to impedance measurements at a certain profile, in the subfolder “SIPRecordings”, has the following naming convention: “&lt;locationTag&gt;_&lt;frequency&gt;.dat”, where &lt;locationTag&gt; corresponds to the local coordinates given in “coordinates.txt”, and where &lt;frequency&gt; is a zero-padded integer describing the measurement frequency in Hz at which the measurement was performed according to the protocol described in the manuscript. Submersion levels of the electrodes below the top of the stream’s water column are given in m in the file “submersionLevels.txt”, corresponding to the local coordinates given in “coordinates.txt”. The local coordinates given in m in “coordinates.txt” have the following convention for the column “locationTag”: “&lt;profileTag&gt;-&lt;electrodeNumber&gt;, where &lt;profileTag&gt; pertains to a name of the electrical array and &lt;electrodeNumber”&gt; is a continuous number for the electrode. Slug tests were exclusively perfomed at the location of electrodes and files are, thus, as described above, named accordingly.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/4ba0a6d071416990f21a06c802ec5d67
title: Total Annual Aboveground Net Primary Productivity across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2006-ongoing

description: The objective of this ongoing study is to investigate how pulses of precipitation translate into pulses of plant aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) across grassland to shrubland ecotones in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. This dataset consists of annual aboveground net primary productivity estimates in three habitat vegetation zones (grassland, ecotone, and shrubland) at three grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. The annual ANPP estimates are derived from plant cover measurements (see methods). Data collection is ongoing with new observations in spring and fall of each year; data from both annual sampling times are required to estimate annual ANPP.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/2jhdoi
title: soep2repo_trust_strangers_res_fe.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/9exuw0
title: Fig-C02.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/bcx1zn
title: 1_prepare_soep_data.do

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/kihgux
title: 3_identify_kids.do

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/odn5qq
title: soep2repo_mean_local_pol_res_iv.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/pduo8c
title: muniadmin.do

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/putwqp
title: 2_merge_county_info.do

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/pzlou6
title: soep2repo_mean_pol_interest_raw.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/r4rand
title: README.md

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/wmvc4u/tejkc4
title: soep2repo_mean_pol_interest_res_fe.tab

description: :unav
DOI: 10.14272/swtpmskjiwtbtq-uhfffaoysa-n.3
title: C17H16O2
title: InChI=1S/C17H16O2/c18-17(19)16-11-14-6-5-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)7-9-15(16)10-8-14/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,19)

description: This dataset contains experimental data from a sample (tricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexadeca-1(13),4,6,10(14),11,15-hexaene-5-carboxylic acid, InChI=1S/C17H16O2/c18-17(19)16-11-14-6-5-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)7-9-15(16)10-8-14/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,19)). The datasets from the following experiments are available: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) electron ionisation mass spectrometry (EI-MS)
DOI: 10.14272/swtpmskjiwtbtq-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000480
title: electron ionisation mass spectrometry (EI-MS) (tricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexadeca-1(13),4,6,10(14),11,15-hexaene-5-carboxylic acid)
title: InChI=1S/C17H16O2/c18-17(19)16-11-14-6-5-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)7-9-15(16)10-8-14/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,19)

description: dataset for electron ionisation mass spectrometry (EI-MS) MS (EI, 70 eV, %) m/z = 252 (26) [M]+, 148 (22) [M–C8H8]+, 104 (100) [C8H8]+.HRMS (EI, [M]+, C17H16O2) calc.: 252.1150, found: 252.1150.
DOI: 10.14272/swtpmskjiwtbtq-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000593
title: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) (tricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexadeca-1(13),4,6,10(14),11,15-hexaene-5-carboxylic acid)
title: InChI=1S/C17H16O2/c18-17(19)16-11-14-6-5-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)7-9-15(16)10-8-14/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,19)

description: dataset for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.31 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.73 (dd, J = 7.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H, HAr), 6.65–6.57 (m, 3H, HAr), 6.56–6.49 (m, 2H, HAr), 4.23 (ddd, J = 12.9, 9.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H, HPc), 3.25–3.14 (m, 4H, HPc), 3.13–3.00 (m, 2H, HPc), 2.96–2.87 (m, 1H, HPc). missing proton: (1H, CO2H)
DOI: 10.14272/swtpmskjiwtbtq-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000595
title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) (tricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexadeca-1(13),4,6,10(14),11,15-hexaene-5-carboxylic acid)
title: InChI=1S/C17H16O2/c18-17(19)16-11-14-6-5-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)7-9-15(16)10-8-14/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,19)

description: dataset for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 172.7 (Cq., COOH), 143.9 (Cq., CAr), 140.2 (Cq., CAr), 140.2 (Cq., CAr), 139.6 (Cq., CAr), 137.5 (+, CH, CAr), 136.5 (+, CH, CAr), 136.3 (+, CH, CAr), 133.3 (+, CH, CAr), 132.9 (+, CH, CAr), 132.4 (+, CH, CAr), 131.9 (+, CH, CAr), 129.8 (C, CAr), 36.5 (–, CH2), 35.4 (–, CH2), 35.2 (–, CH2), 35.1 (–, CH2).
DOI: 10.14272/swtpmskjiwtbtq-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000630
title: infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) (tricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexadeca-1(13),4,6,10(14),11,15-hexaene-5-carboxylic acid)
title: InChI=1S/C17H16O2/c18-17(19)16-11-14-6-5-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)7-9-15(16)10-8-14/h1-4,8,10-11H,5-7,9H2,(H,18,19)

description: dataset for infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) IR (ATR, cm–1) ṽ = 3006 (w), 2952 (m), 2924 (m), 2891 (w), 2851 (m), 2810 (w), 2655 (w), 2560 (w), 1680 (vs), 1592 (w), 1555 (m), 1497 (w), 1451 (w), 1435 (m), 1418 (s), 1400 (m), 1323 (m), 1303 (vs), 1273 (vs), 1247 (m), 1200 (s), 1164 (w), 1159 (w), 1135 (w), 1077 (m), 946 (m), 929 (m), 912 (s), 884 (m), 867 (s), 798 (s), 762 (m), 738 (w), 721 (m), 707 (s), 667 (m), 633 (vs), 578 (m), 560 (m), 510 (vs), 442 (m), 424 (m), 399 (w).
DOI: 10.17632/gn7x456jyp.1
title: Dermatology Quiz in Different Skin Pigmentation

description: These quizzes were given to medical students to assess medical students’ diagnostic accuracy using clinical images of skin of color and light skin (Fitzpatrick skin phototypes 1-3 and 4-6).
DOI: 10.17632/gv7r5tc3cr.1
title: Polémica por la educación sexual