cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28731149
title: The Miocene deep-water echinoids <i>Toxopatagus italicus</i> and <i>Neoholaster albensis</i> gen. and sp. nov., implications for holasteroid phylogeny and palaeoecology

description: Holasteroids form a very diverse clade among irregular echinoids. Despite the fact that they are known from a wide variety of Lower Cretaceous to Present environments, their (palaeo)biology is poorly understood in general. We present the results of cladistic, taxonomic, palaeoecological and biostratigraphic studies of two holasteroids from Miocene deep-water deposits of northern Apennines (Italy): the monotypic genus <i>Toxopatagus</i> and a new genus and species described as <i>Neoholaster albensis</i> gen. and sp. nov. Previously unknown taxonomic characters inferred from newly discovered material allowed the refining of some phylogenetic relationships within Holasteroida. We moved the late Burdigalian–Langhian <i>Toxopatagus</i> from Hemipneustidae to Pseudholasteridae, a family hitherto known from Cretaceous to Oligocene records. <i>Toxopatagus</i> proved to be morphologically and phyletically related to the Cretaceous–Oligocene Australasian genus <i>Giraliaster</i>. These genera share relevant morphological characters, including a primitive protosternous plastron and a subanal fasciole. The Langhian–upper Tortonian taxon <i>Neoholaster albensis</i> gen. and sp. nov. was found to be morphologically close to the Cretaceous genus <i>Holaster.</i> However, cladistic analysis indicated no robust phyletic relationship between these taxa, nor with other known genera of Holasteridae, thus revealing a ghost lineage with phylogenetically related taxa yet to be discovered. This is possibly due to the patchy fossil record, likely enhanced by the biotic crises that occurred during the intricate evolution of the end Cretaceous–early Cenozoic Western Tethys. Biotic crises may have reduced the abundance of <i>Neoholaster</i> ancestor populations, lowering the chances of fossilization, or may have restricted populations to as-yet unknown refuge areas. The identified lineage <i>Giraliaster–Toxopatagus</i> showed an additional instance of holasteroid migration to the deep sea. Even <i>Neoholaster</i> inhabited bathyal bottoms. In deep environments, the studied echinoids probably took advantage of the high concentration of organic carbon from previously formed sapropels and localized sources such as wood-fall deposits and/or from marine snow produced by phytoplankton blooms. Based on their morphological features, an epibenthic and a partially burrowing mode of life were deduced for <i>Neoholaster</i>. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CFB0B811-3904-4F45-9BCF-5EFAA9423E34
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28731149.v1
title: The Miocene deep-water echinoids <i>Toxopatagus italicus</i> and <i>Neoholaster albensis</i> gen. and sp. nov., implications for holasteroid phylogeny and palaeoecology

description: Holasteroids form a very diverse clade among irregular echinoids. Despite the fact that they are known from a wide variety of Lower Cretaceous to Present environments, their (palaeo)biology is poorly understood in general. We present the results of cladistic, taxonomic, palaeoecological and biostratigraphic studies of two holasteroids from Miocene deep-water deposits of northern Apennines (Italy): the monotypic genus <i>Toxopatagus</i> and a new genus and species described as <i>Neoholaster albensis</i> gen. and sp. nov. Previously unknown taxonomic characters inferred from newly discovered material allowed the refining of some phylogenetic relationships within Holasteroida. We moved the late Burdigalian–Langhian <i>Toxopatagus</i> from Hemipneustidae to Pseudholasteridae, a family hitherto known from Cretaceous to Oligocene records. <i>Toxopatagus</i> proved to be morphologically and phyletically related to the Cretaceous–Oligocene Australasian genus <i>Giraliaster</i>. These genera share relevant morphological characters, including a primitive protosternous plastron and a subanal fasciole. The Langhian–upper Tortonian taxon <i>Neoholaster albensis</i> gen. and sp. nov. was found to be morphologically close to the Cretaceous genus <i>Holaster.</i> However, cladistic analysis indicated no robust phyletic relationship between these taxa, nor with other known genera of Holasteridae, thus revealing a ghost lineage with phylogenetically related taxa yet to be discovered. This is possibly due to the patchy fossil record, likely enhanced by the biotic crises that occurred during the intricate evolution of the end Cretaceous–early Cenozoic Western Tethys. Biotic crises may have reduced the abundance of <i>Neoholaster</i> ancestor populations, lowering the chances of fossilization, or may have restricted populations to as-yet unknown refuge areas. The identified lineage <i>Giraliaster–Toxopatagus</i> showed an additional instance of holasteroid migration to the deep sea. Even <i>Neoholaster</i> inhabited bathyal bottoms. In deep environments, the studied echinoids probably took advantage of the high concentration of organic carbon from previously formed sapropels and localized sources such as wood-fall deposits and/or from marine snow produced by phytoplankton blooms. Based on their morphological features, an epibenthic and a partially burrowing mode of life were deduced for <i>Neoholaster</i>. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CFB0B811-3904-4F45-9BCF-5EFAA9423E34
DOI: 10.3535/grk-rza-n2x
title: Oncocera Stephens, 1829

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30606290
title: Osteology, taxonomy and phylogenetic affinities of a new pseudosuchian archosaur from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil

description: Following the end-Permian mass extinction, archosaurs underwent rapid taxonomic and morphological diversification. While the avian lineage expanded into a broader range of ecological niches during the Late Triassic, the crocodilian lineage dominated ecosystems as early as the Middle Triassic, achieving an impressive range of morphological variation. Among the several pseudosuchian radiations that characterized the Middle Triassic, Poposauroidea stands out as one of the most enigmatic groups. From the Early to the Late Triassic, poposauroids evolved diverse body plans: some species developed dorsal ‘sails’, others became entirely edentulous, some adopted bipedal postures, and others occupied apex predator roles. In South America, the fossil record of Poposauroidea during the Middle Triassic is relatively scarce, being limited to <i>Schultzsuchus loricatus</i>, a relatively large-bodied predator known from fragmentary remains collected at a site within the Pinheiros–Chiniquá Sequence. In the present study, we describe <i>Tainrakuasuchus bellator</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new poposauroid from Brazil. The holotype was discovered at a locality known as the Posto Site, in the municipality of Dona Francisca (Pinheiros–Chiniquá Sequence; Middle Triassic). The specimen preserves a partial lower jaw, cervical and dorsal vertebrae, and an ilium. <i>Tainrakuasuchus bellator</i> gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by a slender mandible, ziphodont dentition and relatively elongated cervical vertebrae, representing a new medium-sized predatory archosaur. Phylogenetic analyses suggest affinities with <i>Mandasuchus tanyauchen</i>, a putative poposauroid from the Tanzanian Manda beds. The close relationship between these taxa, along with the strong faunal similarities between the respective geological units, reinforces the correlation between units and supports a Ladinian age. Finally, the discovery of <i>Tainrakuasuchus bellator</i> gen. et sp. nov. expands the known taxonomic diversity of the <i>Dinodontosaurus</i> Assemblage Zone and provides new insights into the key role played by pseudosuchians in the complex ecosystems of the Middle Triassic of south-western Gondwana. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E0FA946-F24A-474A-8AD7-D50B1A09116C
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30606290.v1
title: Osteology, taxonomy and phylogenetic affinities of a new pseudosuchian archosaur from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil

description: Following the end-Permian mass extinction, archosaurs underwent rapid taxonomic and morphological diversification. While the avian lineage expanded into a broader range of ecological niches during the Late Triassic, the crocodilian lineage dominated ecosystems as early as the Middle Triassic, achieving an impressive range of morphological variation. Among the several pseudosuchian radiations that characterized the Middle Triassic, Poposauroidea stands out as one of the most enigmatic groups. From the Early to the Late Triassic, poposauroids evolved diverse body plans: some species developed dorsal ‘sails’, others became entirely edentulous, some adopted bipedal postures, and others occupied apex predator roles. In South America, the fossil record of Poposauroidea during the Middle Triassic is relatively scarce, being limited to <i>Schultzsuchus loricatus</i>, a relatively large-bodied predator known from fragmentary remains collected at a site within the Pinheiros–Chiniquá Sequence. In the present study, we describe <i>Tainrakuasuchus bellator</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new poposauroid from Brazil. The holotype was discovered at a locality known as the Posto Site, in the municipality of Dona Francisca (Pinheiros–Chiniquá Sequence; Middle Triassic). The specimen preserves a partial lower jaw, cervical and dorsal vertebrae, and an ilium. <i>Tainrakuasuchus bellator</i> gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by a slender mandible, ziphodont dentition and relatively elongated cervical vertebrae, representing a new medium-sized predatory archosaur. Phylogenetic analyses suggest affinities with <i>Mandasuchus tanyauchen</i>, a putative poposauroid from the Tanzanian Manda beds. The close relationship between these taxa, along with the strong faunal similarities between the respective geological units, reinforces the correlation between units and supports a Ladinian age. Finally, the discovery of <i>Tainrakuasuchus bellator</i> gen. et sp. nov. expands the known taxonomic diversity of the <i>Dinodontosaurus</i> Assemblage Zone and provides new insights into the key role played by pseudosuchians in the complex ecosystems of the Middle Triassic of south-western Gondwana. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E0FA946-F24A-474A-8AD7-D50B1A09116C
DOI: 10.3535/e60-wge-rgt
title: Hipparchia semele Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/q9p-wtp-psa
title: Semioscopis steinkellneriana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28451459
title: A reappraisal of the morphology and systematics of <i>Exutaspis megista</i>, a brachythoracid arthrodire from the Early Devonian of Yunnan, China

description: <i>Exutaspis megista</i> Y.-H. Liu and Wang 1981, discovered in the Lower Devonian Jiucheng Formation of Yunnan Province, south-western China, has been under phylogenetic contention since it was first described. Initially placed within Phlyctaeniidae, it was later suggested to be a member of Brachythoraci. Here, we re-examine the morphology of <i>Exutaspis</i> in detail, including the visceral surface of the skull roof and the dorsal aspect of the neurocranium, using the holotype and an additional specimen. Our redescription shows that <i>Exutaspis</i> possesses characters commonly seen in brachythoracids, such as an unbifid posterior postorbital process, the presence of a lateral consolidated arch and a developed nuchal thickening. Further, its morphology aligns closely with that of buchanosteoids, a cosmopolitan group of brachythoracids, particularly in the outline of the preorbital plates and in the dorsal profile of the neurocranium. To further elucidate the phylogenetic position of <i>Exutaspis</i>, we composed an updated matrix that contains 174 characters and 86 taxa, incorporating brachythoracids and comprehensively sampling arthrodires. The maximum parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference both recovered <i>Exutaspis</i> within the monophyletic Buchanosteoidea as the sister group of <i>Goodradigbeeon australianum</i>. The increasing knowledge of the diversity in the basal array of brachythoracids and their characters, such as the visceral consolidated structures on their skull roofs, provides important insight into the rise of brachythoracids from small bottom-feeders to fast-swimming giants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28451459.v1
title: A reappraisal of the morphology and systematics of <i>Extuaspis megista</i>, a brachythoracid arthrodire from the Early Devonian of Yunnan, China

description: <i>Exutaspis megista</i> Y.-H. Liu and Wang 1981, discovered in the Lower Devonian Jiucheng Formation of Yunnan Province, south-western China, has been under phylogenetic contention since it was first described. Initially placed within Phlyctaeniidae, it was later suggested to be a member of Brachythoraci. Here, we re-examine the morphology of <i>Exutaspis</i> in detail, including the visceral surface of the skull roof and the dorsal aspect of the neurocranium, using the holotype and an additional specimen. Our redescription shows that <i>Exutaspis</i> possesses characters commonly seen in brachythoracids, such as an unbifid posterior postorbital process, the presence of a lateral consolidated arch and a developed nuchal thickening. Further, its morphology aligns closely with that of buchanosteoids, a cosmopolitan group of brachythoracids, particularly in the outline of the preorbital plates and in the dorsal profile of the neurocranium. To further elucidate the phylogenetic position of <i>Exutaspis</i>, we composed an updated matrix that contains 174 characters and 86 taxa, incorporating brachythoracids and comprehensively sampling arthrodires. The maximum parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference both recovered <i>Exutaspis</i> within the monophyletic Buchanosteoidea as the sister group of <i>Goodradigbeeon australianum</i>. The increasing knowledge of the diversity in the basal array of brachythoracids and their characters, such as the visceral consolidated structures on their skull roofs, provides important insight into the rise of brachythoracids from small bottom-feeders to fast-swimming giants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28451459.v2
title: A reappraisal of the morphology and systematics of <i>Exutaspis megista</i>, a brachythoracid arthrodire from the Early Devonian of Yunnan, China

description: <i>Exutaspis megista</i> Y.-H. Liu and Wang 1981, discovered in the Lower Devonian Jiucheng Formation of Yunnan Province, south-western China, has been under phylogenetic contention since it was first described. Initially placed within Phlyctaeniidae, it was later suggested to be a member of Brachythoraci. Here, we re-examine the morphology of <i>Exutaspis</i> in detail, including the visceral surface of the skull roof and the dorsal aspect of the neurocranium, using the holotype and an additional specimen. Our redescription shows that <i>Exutaspis</i> possesses characters commonly seen in brachythoracids, such as an unbifid posterior postorbital process, the presence of a lateral consolidated arch and a developed nuchal thickening. Further, its morphology aligns closely with that of buchanosteoids, a cosmopolitan group of brachythoracids, particularly in the outline of the preorbital plates and in the dorsal profile of the neurocranium. To further elucidate the phylogenetic position of <i>Exutaspis</i>, we composed an updated matrix that contains 174 characters and 86 taxa, incorporating brachythoracids and comprehensively sampling arthrodires. The maximum parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference both recovered <i>Exutaspis</i> within the monophyletic Buchanosteoidea as the sister group of <i>Goodradigbeeon australianum</i>. The increasing knowledge of the diversity in the basal array of brachythoracids and their characters, such as the visceral consolidated structures on their skull roofs, provides important insight into the rise of brachythoracids from small bottom-feeders to fast-swimming giants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28714423
title: Evidence of large-sized ankylopollexian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal

description: The Upper Jurassic beds of the Lusitanian Basin in central Portugal yield diverse dinosaurian fauna, dated to the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian interval. Saurischian dinosaurs are, overall, more abundant than their ornithischian counterparts, in terms of both specimens collected and species recognized. Iguanodontians are so far represented by the styracosternan <i>Draconyx loureiroi</i>, the dryosaurid <i>Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis</i> and the enigmatic dryomorphan <i>Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum.</i> Here we aim to highlight the diversity of this clade in the Late Jurassic of Portugal, presenting evidence for yet another species of ankylopollexian iguanodontian dinosaur, represented by the specimen SHN.JJS.015, which is housed at the Sociedade de História Natural, Torres Vedras. Detailed comparisons rule out attribution to previously known taxa, and phylogenetic analyses that include SHN.JJS.015 indicate early-diverging ankylopollexian affinities for this specimen. As there is no robust diagnosis, we do not erect a new formal species for it at this stage. Nevertheless, this specimen represents a previously unreported taxon that highlights greater diversity than previously estimated among the iguanodontians of the Late Jurassic and highlights the importance of Europe in diversification and dispersal events of this clade. A series of smaller, isolated femora from the same sub-basin as SHN.JJS.015 may represent the same taxon, presenting evidence of thriving communities of ankylopollexians during the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian interval in Portugal.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29446713
title: Redescription of <i>Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri</i> (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha) from the Los Colorados Formation (Norian), Argentina

description: <i>Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri</i> Bonaparte, 1969 represents one of the best known early non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs. The only known specimen, PVL 3830, was described by Bonaparte (1972) in his seminal publication dealing with the Los Colorados Formation (Norian; NW Argentina) faunal assemblage. Afterwards, this taxon was never properly described and depicted, considering that it was figured using drawings in which several parts of the skull and postcranium were reconstructed. In this contribution I redescribe this specimen, recognizing its diagnostic features and identifying features previously unnoticed like the presence of pneumatic features on the quadrate and the base of the braincase (i.e. a large posteroventral recess, basioccipital recess <i>sensu lato</i>). These anatomical traits described here are incorporated in a new data set that corresponds to the fusion of a widely used crocodyliform matrix (Pol et al., 2014 and subsequent modifications) and a previous expanded matrix based on basal crocodylomorphs (Leardi et al., 2017 with posterior changes). This allowed me to evaluate the phylogenetic position of <i>Pseudhesperosuchus</i> and the phylogeny of non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs in a more inclusive matrix. The incorporation of most non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs into the data set will prove useful to test other issues in crocodyliform phylogeny (e.g. the position of Thalattosuchia, monophyly of Protosuchia). <i>Pseudhesperosuchus</i> is recovered at the base of the crocodylomorph clade, in a clade that excludes large-bodied forms (CM 73732, <i>Redondavenator</i> and <i>Carnufex</i>), and in several most parsimonious trees forming a clade with <i>Trialestes romeri</i> from the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. Non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs are found as successive sister taxa to Crocodyliformes, and no internal small clades were recovered (except under extreme conditions of extended implied weighting). As other recent analyses, a monophyletic Solidocrania is recovered, with <i>Dibothrosuchus</i> or <i>Hallopus</i> being the sister taxa it. Unlike previous analyses, <i>Eopneumatosuchus colberti</i> is placed outside Protosuchidae and Crocodyliformes and is the sister taxon of the later clade.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29446713.v1
title: Redescription of <i>Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri</i> (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha) from the Los Colorados Formation (Norian), Argentina

description: <i>Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri</i> Bonaparte, 1969 represents one of the best known early non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs. The only known specimen, PVL 3830, was described by Bonaparte (1972) in his seminal publication dealing with the Los Colorados Formation (Norian; NW Argentina) faunal assemblage. Afterwards, this taxon was never properly described and depicted, considering that it was figured using drawings in which several parts of the skull and postcranium were reconstructed. In this contribution I redescribe this specimen, recognizing its diagnostic features and identifying features previously unnoticed like the presence of pneumatic features on the quadrate and the base of the braincase (i.e. a large posteroventral recess, basioccipital recess <i>sensu lato</i>). These anatomical traits described here are incorporated in a new data set that corresponds to the fusion of a widely used crocodyliform matrix (Pol et al., 2014 and subsequent modifications) and a previous expanded matrix based on basal crocodylomorphs (Leardi et al., 2017 with posterior changes). This allowed me to evaluate the phylogenetic position of <i>Pseudhesperosuchus</i> and the phylogeny of non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs in a more inclusive matrix. The incorporation of most non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs into the data set will prove useful to test other issues in crocodyliform phylogeny (e.g. the position of Thalattosuchia, monophyly of Protosuchia). <i>Pseudhesperosuchus</i> is recovered at the base of the crocodylomorph clade, in a clade that excludes large-bodied forms (CM 73732, <i>Redondavenator</i> and <i>Carnufex</i>), and in several most parsimonious trees forming a clade with <i>Trialestes romeri</i> from the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. Non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs are found as successive sister taxa to Crocodyliformes, and no internal small clades were recovered (except under extreme conditions of extended implied weighting). As other recent analyses, a monophyletic Solidocrania is recovered, with <i>Dibothrosuchus</i> or <i>Hallopus</i> being the sister taxa it. Unlike previous analyses, <i>Eopneumatosuchus colberti</i> is placed outside Protosuchidae and Crocodyliformes and is the sister taxon of the later clade.
DOI: 10.3535/r0w-dr9-ypt
title: Eugraphe sigma [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/vg4-ejn-4rm
title: Hyppa rectilinea (Esper, 1788)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.