DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcckq
title: Heterochrony structured theropod wing for flight and influenced its evolutionary paths

description: The theropod forewing evolution could have been shaped by changes in
 developmental timing, as seen for the skull. Theropods leading to birds
 suffered miniaturization with forelimb lengthening attributed to
 heterochrony (changes in developmental timing and/or rate) which has never
 been strictly tested. Using phylogenetic analysis of growth series
 shape-change, we detected paramorphism in the paravian node as an immature
 wing resembling adult early-diverging theropods. The coinciding
 development of pennaceous feathers, longer wings, and mobile shoulders in
 the paravian common ancestor demonstrates a major reorganization of the
 forelimb just before flight appeared. Once flight evolved, heterochrony
 continued influencing wing evolution and the rapid early diversification
 of avian flight styles. Our study extends the role of heterochrony to the
 wings of theropods, playing a central role in flight evolution.
description: <strong>Instructions to run sPASOS</strong>
 Download sPASOS
 from: https://www.lillo.org.ar/phylogeny/spasos/
 Download TNT from: https://www.lillo.org.ar/phylogeny/tnt/
 sPASOS and TNT should be in the same
 folder Open Windows Run
 command box Copy the files
 tre_sPASOS.tre,tre_sPASOS_extended_data_Fig1.tre, and the output files
 previously generated hand_Pasos.tps, wing_Pasos.tps into the same folder
 as sPASOS or indicate the right path on the following commands.
 Run the following command: spasos -i
 hand_Pasos.tps -p 1 -t tre_sPASOS_main.tre -y -r 100
 This will run PASOS for the hand configuration
 Run the following command: 
 spasos -i wing_Pasos.tps -p 1 -t tre_sPASOS_main.tre -y -r
 100 This will run PASOS for the forelimb
 configuration These commands will open sPASOS and
 analyze the data in the .tps file with the phylogenetic hypothesis
 specified in the .tre file with a penalty of 1 (-p 1)and a resampling done
 100 times (-y100). A decay index (-y) is also calculated.
 (Fig. 2 - Phylogenetic hypothesis with PASOS heterochronic shift
 correspond to wing_Pasos_offset_tree and
 hand_Pasos_offset_tree) copy
 the output files in your R script working directory  
 to obtain the Extended Data Fig. 1 use the tree from
 tre_sPASOS_extended_data_Fig1.tre and the corresponding
 hand_Pasos_extended.tps and wing_Pasos_extended.tps files generated in the
 R script (See R script).
description: # Heterochrony structured theropod wing for flight and influenced its
 evolutionary paths
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcckq](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcckq) ## Description of the data and file structure File information: * **Heterochrony_structured_theropod_wing_for_flight.r**: R script to run analyses in R. * **Functions_Heterochrony_structured_theropod_wing.r**: R script with the functions needed in the previous file to run analyses in R. * **wing.tps**: .tps file with the original landmark configuration created in tpsDig for the main text results (wing). This file is needed while running the script in R. * **wing_extended_data.tps**: .tps file with the original landmark configuration created in tpsDig for the extended results. This file is needed while running the script in R to obtain the Supplementary results (fig. s1). * **tre_sPASOS_main.tre**: tree needed to run sPASOS for the main results. * **tre_sPASOS_extended_data_Fig1.tre**: tree needed when running sPASOS for the Supplementary results.