DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tbn1
title: Data from: The ‘butterfly animal,’ <em>Papiliomaris kluessendorfae</em> n. gen. n. sp.: An enigmatic bivalved arthropod of the Waukesha biota

description: The phylogenetic relationships among arthropods remain contentious because
 morphological studies face challenges in resolving certain branches.
 Particularly difficult are relationships within and between the stem
 arthropods, owing largely to too few well-preserved fossil
 representatives. Additional fossil evidence, particularly from exceptional
 deposits like the Silurian Waukesha Lagerstätte in Wisconsin, helps to
 bolster our views on the evolutionary history of arthropods by providing
 well-preserved examples of novel taxa that could fit between early
 diverging stem-arthropod clades and modern euarthropods, thus building
 possible bridges between the two. Formed in karstification-induced troughs
 of the Manistique Formation paleoslope, the Waukesha Lagerstätte preserves
 a unique biota of organisms from the Telychian Age, mostly through
 secondary precipitation of francolite. Perhaps most well known from this
 deposit are the many peculiar and enigmatic arthropod taxa that could help
 resolve early arthropod cladistic relationships. We add to the growing
 body of work on the diversity, phylogeny, and taxonomic descriptions of
 the Waukesha biota by detailing a previously unnamed bivalved arthropod,
 informally called ‘the butterfly animal’ in past literature, which we here
 designate as Papiliomaris kluessendorfae n. gen. n. sp. We also conducted
 a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis that placed several recently described
 Waukesha taxa as basal members of the ‘Mandibulate’ clade within the
 Euarthropoda. The dataset included in this Dryad supplement represents the
 character matrix/nexus file for phylogenetic analyses presented in the
 associated manuscript, following the Aria (2020) matrix, along with a
 separate sheet differentiating our alternative hypotheses for several
 character states.
description: # Data from: The ‘butterfly animal,’ *Papiliomaris kluessendorfae* n. gen.
 n. sp.: An enigmatic bivalved arthropod of the Waukesha biota Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.573n5tbn1](10.5061/dryad.573n5tbn1) ## Description of the
 data and file structure Character matrix for the Waukesha 'butterfly
 animal', Papiliomaris kluessendorfae n. gen. n. sp. This data matrix
 follows that of Aria, C., 2020, Macroevolutionary patterns of body plan
 canalization in euarthropods: *Paleobiology*, v. 46, p. 569–593,
 [https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2020.36](https://ops.straive.com/eProofingCUP/10.1017/pab.2020.36). However, following our initial access of Aria's supplemental matrix https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnr8, it appears that the link has since become inactive. As a result, we have included a supplemental PDF file that details the character list in its entirety. ### Files and variables #### File: Anderson-Rosbach_et_al_Butterfly_animal_SOM_character_table.xlsx **Description:** Character matrix ##### Variables * 1-268 each represent character states as coded by Aria (2020, and completed by taxon. * Taxon names are listed in Column A of the Excel file. * Character states, as originally defined by Aria (2020), are detailed in the appended PDF. Note that the Aria (2020) character list was amended from Aria and Caron (2019) and Aria and Caron (2017). Remarks for some characters are included directly following the character definition. Brackets [ACX] following a character refer to the corresponding character number in Aria and Caron (2017). Last, any character in the appended PDF noted by an asterisk (*****) is either newly added characters since Aria and Caron (2017) or had undergone substantial change in coding or definition from the earlier matrix versions. We have repeated the 2020 character list verbatim with asterisks, original remarks, and references. **Files uploaded to Zenodo:** Anderson-Rosbach_et_al_Butterfly_animal_SOM_character_list.pdf (This list presents discrete morphological character states used in phylogenetic coding, with binary (0/1) or multistate values describing anatomical features across general, lobopodian, visual, cephalic, neural, and sternal traits, primarily for comparative analysis in arthropod and panarthropod evolution.) and Anderson-Rosbach_et_al_Butterfly_animal_SOM_figure.pdf (A cartoon illustrating the set-up of the anoxic trap that would become the Waukesha Formation at the base of the paleoscarp eroded into the Manistique Formation) ## Code/software MrBayes v. 3.2.7 ## Access information Data was derived from the following sources: * **Aria, C.**, 2020, Macroevolutionary patterns of body plan canalization in euarthropods: *Paleobiology*, v. 46, p. 569–593. * **Aria, C., and Caron, J.-B.**, 2019. A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills: *Nature*, v. 573, p. 586–589. * **Aria, C., and Caron, J.-B.**, 2017. Burgess Shale fossils illustrate the origin of the mandibulate body plan: *Nature*, v. 545, p. 89–92.