cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840426
title: Palaeogeography and crustal evolution of the Ossa–Morena Zone, southwest Iberia, and the North Gondwana margin during the Cambro-Ordovician: a review of isotopic evidence

description: Cambro-Ordovician palaeogeography and fragmentation of the North Gondwana margin is still not very well understood. Here we address this question using isotopic data to consider the crustal evolution and palaeogeographic position of the, North Gondwana, Iberian Massif Ossa–Morena Zone (OMZ). The OMZ preserves a complex tectonomagmatic history: late Neoproterozoic Cadomian orogenesis (ca. 650–550 Ma); Cambro-Ordovician rifting (ca. 540–450 Ma); and Variscan orogenesis (ca. 390–305 Ma). We place this evolution in the context of recent North Gondwana Cambro-Ordovician palaeogeographic reconstructions that suggest more easterly positions, adjacent to the Sahara Metacraton, for other Iberian Massif zones. To do this we compiled an extensive new database of published late Proterozoic–Palaeozoic Nd model ages and detrital and magmatic zircon age data for (i) the Iberian Massif and (ii) North Gondwana Anti-Atlas West African Craton, Tuareg Shield, and Sahara Metacraton. The Nd model ages of OMZ Cambro-Ordovician crustal-derived magmatism and Ediacaran-Ordovician sedimentary rocks range from ca. 1.9 to 1.6 Ga, with a mode ca. 1.7 Ga. They show the greatest affinity with the Tuareg Shield, with limited contribution of more juvenile material from the Anti-Atlas West African Craton. This association is supported by detrital zircons that have Archaean, Palaeoproterozic, and Neoproterozoic radiometric ages similar to the aforementioned Iberian Massif zones. However, an OMZ Mesoproterozoic gap, with no ca. 1.0 Ga cluster, is different from other zones but, once more, similar to the westerly Tuareg Shield distribution. This places the OMZ in a more easterly position than previously thought but still further west than other Iberian zones. It has been proposed that in the Cambro-Ordovician the North Gondwana margin rifted as the Rheic Ocean opened diachronously from west to east. Thus, the more extensive rift-related magmatism in the westerly OMZ than in other, more easterly, Iberian Massif zones fits our new proposed palaeogeographic reconstruction.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/lvcwbs
title: mea20160308_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840423
title: Quadrats placed in grasslands to measure the number of species, the abundance of species, total percentage of plants and total percentage of grass.

description: <b>Methods:</b> 1)The experiment was conducted outside in the grasslands. 2)The variables were: number of different species, abundance of species, percentage of vegetation in quadrant, and percentage of grasses in quadrant. 3)Materials used: i) 1m*1m quadrat, ii) pencil, iii) paper, iv) students, v) eyes 4)The quadrant was used to sample 25 random plots of land in the grassland. The quadrant’s dimensions were 1m*1m=1m^2. 5)The number of species data was collected by identifying each different plant specie that was located within the quadrant. The data was verified by moving around the plants, and getting a feel for them to see if they were really different. This was further crosschecked with the lab manual to see which plant matched most closely to the ones listed in the lab manual and to truly verify if the plants being identified were different. 6)The total abundance of plants was identified by various steps. First the plants of the same specie were summed. Secondly the sums of the different species were added to get a total of the plant species in the area. How ever since grass is also considered a specie, quadrants within the quadrant were used with dimensions 10cm*10cm. The roots of grass were counted in that smaller quadrant and the data was extrapolated for the entire quadrant by multiplying the number of roots by 100.<b>Hypothesis:</b> There is a correlation between plots having greater quantities of other plant species and less grasses due to lack of space and resources for the grasses to thrive.<b>Predictions:</b> 1) As the number of other species of plants in the quadrant increased, the number of grasses in the quadrant decreased.2) As other plant species grew taller, grasses grew shorter.3) As other plants grew greener, more grasses died out.4) As more grasses grew, other plant species were smaller and weaker.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840426.v1
title: Palaeogeography and crustal evolution of the Ossa–Morena Zone, southwest Iberia, and the North Gondwana margin during the Cambro-Ordovician: a review of isotopic evidence

description: Cambro-Ordovician palaeogeography and fragmentation of the North Gondwana margin is still not very well understood. Here we address this question using isotopic data to consider the crustal evolution and palaeogeographic position of the, North Gondwana, Iberian Massif Ossa–Morena Zone (OMZ). The OMZ preserves a complex tectonomagmatic history: late Neoproterozoic Cadomian orogenesis (ca. 650–550 Ma); Cambro-Ordovician rifting (ca. 540–450 Ma); and Variscan orogenesis (ca. 390–305 Ma). We place this evolution in the context of recent North Gondwana Cambro-Ordovician palaeogeographic reconstructions that suggest more easterly positions, adjacent to the Sahara Metacraton, for other Iberian Massif zones. To do this we compiled an extensive new database of published late Proterozoic–Palaeozoic Nd model ages and detrital and magmatic zircon age data for (i) the Iberian Massif and (ii) North Gondwana Anti-Atlas West African Craton, Tuareg Shield, and Sahara Metacraton. The Nd model ages of OMZ Cambro-Ordovician crustal-derived magmatism and Ediacaran-Ordovician sedimentary rocks range from ca. 1.9 to 1.6 Ga, with a mode ca. 1.7 Ga. They show the greatest affinity with the Tuareg Shield, with limited contribution of more juvenile material from the Anti-Atlas West African Craton. This association is supported by detrital zircons that have Archaean, Palaeoproterozic, and Neoproterozoic radiometric ages similar to the aforementioned Iberian Massif zones. However, an OMZ Mesoproterozoic gap, with no ca. 1.0 Ga cluster, is different from other zones but, once more, similar to the westerly Tuareg Shield distribution. This places the OMZ in a more easterly position than previously thought but still further west than other Iberian zones. It has been proposed that in the Cambro-Ordovician the North Gondwana margin rifted as the Rheic Ocean opened diachronously from west to east. Thus, the more extensive rift-related magmatism in the westerly OMZ than in other, more easterly, Iberian Massif zones fits our new proposed palaeogeographic reconstruction.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/mf7xbd
title: mea20150127_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840417
title: Abundance, Diversity, and Coverage of Plants in a Grassland Area at York University

description: Meta-Data:<br>Total abundance of plants: Data was collected by counting individual plants through observation within the quadrat. Abundance of plants was added to a reasonable estimation of the number of blades of grass. This was measured by examining a 1x1 block of the quadrat, counting the number of blades of grass, and later multiplying the collected data by 100. Visibly shriveled/dry/uncoloured plants were considered dead and therefore not counted in the data.Total number of different plant species: Data was collected by counting individual plant species through observation within the quadrat. Differentiation was made between each species by the colour of their flowers (ie. yellow or white), the size of leaves on the plant (ie. broad or narrow), and height (ie. tall or short).Percent of plant vegetation coverage: Data was collected from bird's eye view and with the use of the quadrat itself; holes on the quadrat were used as markers/a frame of reference. For example, if the coverage of plants (regardless of whether or not they were different plant species) occupied a 4x5 block, it would be considered 20% coverage. Percent of grass coverage: Data was determined with the use of the data collected from the percent of plant vegetation coverage. After calculating the total percent of plant vegetation coverage, the result was simply subtracted from 100 to yield the percent of grass coverage.<br>Methods:Quadrats were randomly placed in a secluded grassland area at York University in the afternoon to examine the abundance of plants and plant species and relative coverage of plant vegetation and grass. Data was collected through visual inspection of 25 randomly placed quadrats.<br><br>Hypothesis:There is a visible correlation between the abundance of plants and the total coverage of plant vegetation.<br>Predictions:1) As the abundance of plants increases, the percent of plant coverage increases.2) As the height of the plant increases, the percent of plant coverage increases.3) Flowering plants (as opposed to weeds) increases the percent of plant coverage.<br>
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/3ykvkk
title: mea20160719_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840417.v1
title: Abundance, Diversity, and Coverage of Plants in a Grassland Area at York University

description: Meta-Data:<br>Total abundance of plants: Data was collected by counting individual plants through observation within the quadrat. Abundance of plants was added to a reasonable estimation of the number of blades of grass. This was measured by examining a 1x1 block of the quadrat, counting the number of blades of grass, and later multiplying the collected data by 100. Visibly shriveled/dry/uncoloured plants were considered dead and therefore not counted in the data.Total number of different plant species: Data was collected by counting individual plant species through observation within the quadrat. Differentiation was made between each species by the colour of their flowers (ie. yellow or white), the size of leaves on the plant (ie. broad or narrow), and height (ie. tall or short).Percent of plant vegetation coverage: Data was collected from bird's eye view and with the use of the quadrat itself; holes on the quadrat were used as markers/a frame of reference. For example, if the coverage of plants (regardless of whether or not they were different plant species) occupied a 4x5 block, it would be considered 20% coverage. Percent of grass coverage: Data was determined with the use of the data collected from the percent of plant vegetation coverage. After calculating the total percent of plant vegetation coverage, the result was simply subtracted from 100 to yield the percent of grass coverage.<br>Methods:Quadrats were randomly placed in a secluded grassland area at York University in the afternoon to examine the abundance of plants and plant species and relative coverage of plant vegetation and grass. Data was collected through visual inspection of 25 randomly placed quadrats.<br><br>Hypothesis:There is a visible correlation between the abundance of plants and the total coverage of plant vegetation.<br>Predictions:1) As the abundance of plants increases, the percent of plant coverage increases.2) As the height of the plant increases, the percent of plant coverage increases.3) Flowering plants (as opposed to weeds) increases the percent of plant coverage.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840405
title: Woodlot Dataset 4: Investigating the Canopy Coverage of an Adult White Spruce Tree in Relation to its Trunk Diameter and Distance to a Close Sapling White Spruce Tree.

description: Variable Description<b>Diameter at breast height:</b> the diameter of an adult tree's (at least twice the height of the researcher) trunk was measured using a measuring tape at the researchers breast height in centimetres. <b>Canopy coverage:</b> The amount of sunlight, in percent, an adult tree covered with its branches was estimated using the researchers 2 index fingers and thumbs (creating a square with them) as aid. <b>Distance to nearest sapling:</b> A sapling tree near the adult tree was found and the distance between the two was recorded, in centimetres, using a transect measuring tape. <b>Diameter at breast height of sapling tree:</b> The nearing sapling tree to the original researched adult tree's trunk diameter was recorded, in centimetres, at the researchers breast height using a measuring tape.<br>Meta Analysis Using a sample size of 10 adult trees, continuous data was collected that involved adult white spruce trees and their trunk diameter at breast height, canopy coverage of the sky, the distances that the trees were to their closest sapling white spruce trees and also the diameter of the nearest sapling white spruce trees. The research was conducted in a woodlot environment near Hoover house on York University campus at 4:00 pm. The researchers were Karandeep, Didar and Sophia. Firstly, the diameter of an adult tree was calculated using a simple measuring tape and holding the tape from one side of the trunk to the other. Secondly, the canopy coverage involved making a square with one's index fingers and thumbs and standing under a white spruce adult tree. The square was then pointed upwards, toward the branches, and an estimation of sky coverage was recorded. Next, a sapling white spruce tree was found near the adult tree and the distances between the two was calculated using the transect measuring tape - holding the tape from the adult trunk to the sapling trunk. Lastly, the sapling tree's diameter was calculated exactly how it was for the adult tree - holding the measuring tape from one side of the trunk to the other. It is hypothesized that the greater the dbh of an adult tree would ultimately imply a greater canopy coverage area. This is because the greater dbh already implies that the tree is strong and stirdy and thus would have more branches for a greater coverage of the sky. It is also hypothesized that the smaller the distance an adult tree is from a sapling tree, the smaller its canopy coverage would be for the adult tree. This is because a sapling tree did not have enough nutrients to grow into an adult and most likely, if a same species tree is near it, it too will face the same environment and not grow with a significantly great canopy coverage in relation to adult trees that are farther away from the sapling. The greatest error when collecting this data would have to include the lack of space for research which ultimately did not give fully accurate measurements.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/zxg6it
title: mea20160828_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840393
title: GWAS summary statistics on mitochondrial copy number

description: Genome wide association study summary statistics on mitochondrial copy number quantified from whole genome sequencing in CONVERGE samples
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840405.v2
title: Woodlot Dataset 4: Investigating the Canopy Coverage of an Adult White Spruce Tree in Relation to its Trunk Diameter and Distance to a Close Sapling White Spruce Tree.

description: Variable Description<b>Diameter at breast height:</b> the diameter of an adult tree's (at least twice the height of the researcher) trunk was measured using a measuring tape at the researchers breast height in centimetres. <b>Canopy coverage:</b> The amount of sunlight, in percent, an adult tree covered with its branches was estimated using the researchers 2 index fingers and thumbs (creating a square with them) as aid. <b>Distance to nearest sapling:</b> A sapling tree near the adult tree was found and the distance between the two was recorded, in centimetres, using a transect measuring tape. <b>Diameter at breast height of sapling tree:</b> The nearing sapling tree to the original researched adult tree's trunk diameter was recorded, in centimetres, at the researchers breast height using a measuring tape.<br>Meta Analysis Using a sample size of 10 adult trees, continuous data was collected that involved adult white spruce trees and their trunk diameter at breast height, canopy coverage of the sky, the distances that the trees were to their closest sapling white spruce trees and also the diameter of the nearest sapling white spruce trees. The research was conducted in a woodlot environment near Hoover house on York University campus at 4:00 pm. The researchers were Karandeep, Didar and Sophia. Firstly, the diameter of an adult tree was calculated using a simple measuring tape and holding the tape from one side of the trunk to the other. Secondly, the canopy coverage involved making a square with one's index fingers and thumbs and standing under a white spruce adult tree. The square was then pointed upwards, toward the branches, and an estimation of sky coverage was recorded. Next, a sapling white spruce tree was found near the adult tree and the distances between the two was calculated using the transect measuring tape - holding the tape from the adult trunk to the sapling trunk. Lastly, the sapling tree's diameter was calculated exactly how it was for the adult tree - holding the measuring tape from one side of the trunk to the other. It is hypothesized that the greater the dbh of an adult tree would ultimately imply a greater canopy coverage area. This is because the greater dbh already implies that the tree is strong and stirdy and thus would have more branches for a greater coverage of the sky. It is also hypothesized that the smaller the distance an adult tree is from a sapling tree, the smaller its canopy coverage would be for the adult tree. This is because a sapling tree did not have enough nutrients to grow into an adult and most likely, if a same species tree is near it, it too will face the same environment and not grow with a significantly great canopy coverage in relation to adult trees that are farther away from the sapling. The greatest error when collecting this data would have to include the lack of space for research which ultimately did not give fully accurate measurements.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/xgctzl
title: mea20160411_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840390
title: Ecology field study on the relationship between the diameter of adult trees and the distance to the nearest sapling

description: Methods: In order to assess the relationship between tree diameter and the distance to the nearest sapling, 10 pairs of adult and sapling trees were sampled. This study was conducted at the Danby Woodlot at York University. Transect measuring tapes were placed at the edge of the woodlot to the centre of the woodlot and the first 10 adult trees (of the same species) encountered were analyzed. Distance to the nearest sapling of the same species was measured and recorded, as well as the diameter at breast height of the adult tree and sapling. The extent of canopy coverage of each adult tree was estimated. Equipment used includes transect measuring tapes, pen and paper. <br>Hypothesis: There is a positive correlation between tree diameter and the distance to the nearest sapling due to competition between neighbouring trees for nutrients and light. <br><br>Predictions: 1. As tree diameter increases, distance to the nearest sapling increases. <br>2. As tree diameter increases, canopy coverage increases. 3. As canopy coverage increases, distance to the nearest sapling increases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840405.v1
title: Woodlot Dataset 4

description: Variable Description<b>Diameter at breast height:</b> the diameter of an adult tree's (at least twice the height of the researcher) trunk was measured using a measuring tape at the researchers breast height in centimetres. <b>Canopy coverage:</b> The amount of sunlight, in percent, an adult tree covered with its branches was estimated using the researchers 2 index fingers and thumbs (creating a square with them) as aid. <b>Distance to nearest sapling:</b> A sapling tree near the adult tree was found and the distance between the two was recorded, in centimetres, using a transect measuring tape. <b>Diameter at breast height of sapling tree:</b> The nearing sapling tree to the original researched adult tree's trunk diameter was recorded, in centimetres, at the researchers breast height using a measuring tape.<br>Meta Analysis Using a sample size of 10 adult trees, continuous data was collected that involved adult white spruce trees and their trunk diameter at breast height, canopy coverage of the sky, the distances that the trees were to their closest sapling white spruce trees and also the diameter of the nearest sapling white spruce trees. The research was conducted in a woodlot environment near Hoover house on York University campus at 4:00 pm. The researchers were Karandeep, Didar and Sophia. Firstly, the diameter of an adult tree was calculated using a simple measuring tape and holding the tape from one side of the trunk to the other. Secondly, the canopy coverage involved making a square with one's index fingers and thumbs and standing under a white spruce adult tree. The square was then pointed upwards, toward the branches, and an estimation of sky coverage was recorded. Next, a sapling white spruce tree was found near the adult tree and the distances between the two was calculated using the transect measuring tape - holding the tape from the adult trunk to the sapling trunk. Lastly, the sapling tree's diameter was calculated exactly how it was for the adult tree - holding the measuring tape from one side of the trunk to the other. It is hypothesized that the greater the dbh of an adult tree would ultimately imply a greater canopy coverage area. This is because the greater dbh already implies that the tree is strong and stirdy and thus would have more branches for a greater coverage of the sky. It is also hypothesized that the smaller the distance an adult tree is from a sapling tree, the smaller its canopy coverage would be for the adult tree. This is because a sapling tree did not have enough nutrients to grow into an adult and most likely, if a same species tree is near it, it too will face the same environment and not grow with a significantly great canopy coverage in relation to adult trees that are farther away from the sapling. The greatest error when collecting this data would have to include the lack of space for research which ultimately did not give fully accurate measurements.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/thwrtw
title: mea20150402_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/b5epbo
title: mea20151015_03.txt.gz

description: :unav
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3840339
title: CONVERGE Variant Calls

description: A list of high quality SNP post quality control variant sites called from 11,670 samples in CONVERGE with major and minor alleles and allele frequencies in both the CONVERGE cohort and 1000 Genomes Phase 1 ASN samples in variant call format (VCF). The file contains a total of contains 20539441 SNPs from chromosome 1 to X. <br>
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/v1rjpf/ckqrbl
title: mea20151111_03.txt.gz

description: :unav