cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25349/d9r024
title: Financing Forestland Acquisition and Management: a Feasibility Framework for Wallowa County

description: Community forest management is the use, ownership, and management of local
 forests by communities rather than for the benefit of private corporations
 or investors. This management practice has been gaining traction in the
 United States for the last thirty years. Community forest ownership
 provides increased recreational access to community members and allows for
 enhanced ecosystem services compared to ownership under timberland
 investment management organizations (TIMOs). Our project serves as a
 framework for understanding the feasibility of financing forestland
 acquisition and management in Wallowa County, Oregon by leveraging
 ecosystem service provision under local ownership. Our client, Wallowa
 Resources, is a non-profit in Wallowa County whose mission is to “empower
 rural communities to create strong economies and healthy landscapes
 through land stewardship, education, and job creation.” Ecosystem services
 evaluated in this project include carbon storage and timber, first foods,
 and recreation, and their potential under community forest management was
 measured and compared to potential under profit-maximizing management by
 TIMOs. The enhanced ecosystem services possible under community forest
 management could attract a diverse array of public and private funding to
 support the purchase and management of forestland. Funding mechanisms
 considered include grants and investments from non-profits, government
 agencies, carbon markets, and natural capital projects. This project can
 serve as a foundation for other western, rural, resource-based communities
 interested in planning and financing for community forest management.
description: The data was collected and sorted into five main ecosystem
 services: Carbon storage/timber, recreation, first foods, and salmonid
 habitat. All datasets have been obtained through public open-access
 sources such as US Forest Service or the Nasa Digital Elevation Model.
 Some equations and values were obtained from published articles available
 online. Using google drive, this data has been stored and organized to
 share amongst group members.
DOI: 10.6086/d16108
title: Prescribed burning may produce refugia for invasive forb, Oncosiphon pilulifer

description: Prescribed burning is a common management technique to reduce non‐native
 grass cover and seed availability in temperate forests and grasslands;
 however, its effectiveness in reducing non‐native forbs is unclear. Litter
 of invasive forbs like Oncosiphon pilulifer is not consumed by
 fire like invasive grass litter is, resulting in residual singed stands
 and high heterogeneity in the postburn landscape. We investigated the
 potential for this incomplete burning to alter postfire establishment of
 native and non‐native plant species by conducting a field experiment in a
 prescribed burn in Lake Perris State Park, CA. We investigated the role of
 microclimate and seed availability on establishment for 2 years following
 a prescribed burn in both singed stands and completely burned patches by
 adding or removing litter and adding native seed in a factorial design.
 Litter presence reduced soil temperatures and light availability, while
 singed stands had lower soil moisture and temperature. Litter present
 treatments had 5.6 ± 5.9% (mean ± SE) greater Oncosiphon cover
 yet doubled Oncosiphon viable seeds in the seedbank.
 Singed stands had 22.6 ± 4.9% greater Oncosiphon cover
 and more than doubled Oncosiphon viable seeds. Native
 seed addition did not influence native
 or Oncosiphon cover. These results suggest that residual
 singed stands within the prescribed burn landscape can create a favorable
 microclimate and allow Oncosiphon to retain seed,
 increasing reinvasion. Our experiment suggests that litter increased
 establishment of non-native species as these species may better
 utilize postburn establishment opportunities impacting overall community
 recovery. Management of invasive forbs with prescribed burns may require
 secondary treatments to reduce reinvasion.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjhd
title: Data for: Variation in density, immune gene suppression, and co-infection outcomes among strains of the aphid endosymbiont Regiella insecticola

description: Many insects harbor heritable microbes that influence host phenotypes.
 Symbiont strains establish at different densities within hosts. This
 variation is important evolutionarily because within-host density has been
 linked to the costs and benefits of the symbiosis for both partners.
 Studying the factors shaping within-host density is important to our
 broader understanding of host-microbe coevolution. Here we focused on
 different strains of Regiella insecticola, a facultative symbiont
 of aphids. We first showed that strains of Regiella establish in pea
 aphids at drastically different densities. We then found that variation in
 density is correlated with the expression levels of two key insect immune
 system genes (phenoloxidase and hemocytin), with the suppression of immune
 gene expression correlating with higher Regiella density. We then
 performed an experiment where we established co-infections of a higher-
 and a lower-density Regiella strain, and we showed that the higher-density
 strain is better able to persist in co-infections than the lower-density
 strain. Together, our results point to a potential mechanism that
 contributes to strain-level variation in symbiont density in this system,
 and our data suggest that symbiont fitness may be increased by
 establishing at higher density within hosts. Our work highlights the
 importance of within-host dynamics shaping symbiont evolution.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15dv41p2g
title: Defensive symbiosis in the wild: seasonal dynamics of parasitism risk and symbiont-conferred resistance

description: Parasite-mediated selection can rapidly drive up resistance levels in host
 populations, but fixation of resistance traits may be prevented by costs
 of resistance. Black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) benefit from increased
 resistance to parasitoids when carrying the defensive bacterial
 endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. However, due to fitness costs that come
 with symbiont infection, symbiont-conferred resistance may result in
 either a net benefit or a net cost to the aphid host, depending on
 parasitoid presence as well as on the general ecological context.
 Balancing selection may therefore explain why in natural aphid
 populations, H. defensa is often found at intermediate frequencies. Here
 we present a two-year field study where we set out to look for signatures
 of balancing selection in natural aphid populations. We collected
 temporally well-resolved data on the prevalence of H. defensa in A.f.
 fabae and estimated the risk imposed by parasitoids using sentinel hosts.
 Despite a marked and consistent early-summer peak in parasitism risk and
 significant changes in symbiont prevalence over time, we found just a weak
 correlation between parasitism risk and H. defensa frequency dynamics. H.
 defensa prevalence in the populations under study was, in fact, better
 explained by the number of heat days that previous aphid generations were
 exposed to. Our study grants an unprecedentedly well-resolved insight into
 the dynamics of endosymbiont and parasitoid communities of A.f. fabae
 populations, and it adds to a growing body of empirical evidence
 suggesting that not only parasitism risk but rather multifarious selection
 is shaping H. defensa prevalence in the wild.
description: This data submission contains R scripts as well as raw &
 processed data to analyse the seasonal dynamics of aphid symbionts and
 parasitoids as described in the paper. See the README file for more
 information.
description: Data files are provided as .csv tables; the scripts can be run
 with R. To run analyses including temperature variables, temperature data
 has to be requested from MeteoSwiss (Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology
 and Climatology) as described in the README file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frc1
title: When death comes: Linking predator-prey activity patterns to timing of mortality to understand predation risk

description: The assumption that activity and foraging are risky for prey underlies
 many predator-prey theories and has led to the use of predator-prey
 activity overlap as a proxy of predation risk. However, the simultaneous
 measures of prey and predator activity along with timing of predation
 required to test this assumption have not been available. Here, we used
 accelerometry data on snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and Canada lynx
 (Lynx canadensis) to determine activity patterns of prey and predators and
 match these to precise timing of predation. Surprisingly, we found that
 lynx kills of hares were as likely to occur during the day when hares were
 inactive as at night when hares were active. We also found that activity
 rates of hares were not related to the chance of predation at daily and
 weekly scales, whereas lynx activity rates positively affected the diel
 pattern of lynx predation on hares and their weekly kill rates of hares.
 Our findings suggest that predator-prey diel activity overlap may not
 always be a good proxy of predation risk, and highlight a need for
 examining the link between predation and spatiotemporal behavior of
 predator and prey to improve our understanding of how predator-prey
 behavioral interactions drive predation risk.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dfn2z3570
title: Sex, body size, and winter weather explain migration strategies in a partial migrant population of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius)

description: Given increasing evidence that climate change affects the annual cycles of
 birds, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying individual
 migration strategies and population-level patterns in partial migrants. In
 this study, we found that thermoregulation (body size and winter
 temperatures) was a key driver of American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
 migration decisions. The annual proportion of migrants in the population,
 however, was not explained by winter weather and may be the result of
 differential survival. We measured stable hydrogen isotope values (δD) of
 talon tissues collected from 501 breeding and overwintering birds to
 distinguish migrant from resident kestrels in a partially migratory
 population of American Kestrels in southwestern Idaho in 2013–2021. We
 then evaluated drivers of migration decisions by assessing potential
 correlates of migration strategies, whether individuals switched migration
 strategies between years, and whether the proportion of migrants in the
 population changed over time or was correlated with winter weather. Male
 kestrels were 1.6 times more likely to migrate than females, and in colder
 than average winters, smaller birds of both sexes were more likely to
 migrate than larger birds. Only 27% of 26 recaptured individuals showed
 evidence of switching their migration strategies on an annual basis. There
 was no temporal trend in the proportion of migrants in the population, but
 proportions varied between years. Interestingly, there was no association
 between winter minimum temperature anomalies and annual migrant
 proportions in the population, suggesting that differential over-winter
 survival, or other stochastic processes, may play an important role in
 population composition. As winters continue to warm, fewer kestrels may
 migrate and more may remain resident on breeding grounds. However, it is
 unclear how changes in migration strategies might affect population-level
 patterns and resilience to climate change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79pg
title: Data for: Combining stable isotopes, trace elements, and distribution models to assess the geographic origins of migratory bats

description: The expansion of industrial-scale wind-energy facilities has increased the
 production of low-carbon emission energy but has also resulted in
 mortality of wildlife, including migratory bats. Management decisions can
 be limited by a lack of understanding of the geographic impact of bats
 killed at wind-energy facilities. Several studies have leveraged stable
 hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H) of bat fur to illuminate this issue but are
 limited in the precision of conclusion because δ2H values vary primarily
 across latitudinal and elevational bands. One approach to increase the
 precision of geographic assignment is to combine independent inferences
 about spatial location from additional biomarkers and other related
 information. To test this possibility, we assigned known-origin
 individuals of three bat species commonly killed at on-shore wind-energy
 facilities in North America (Lasiurus borealis, L. cinereus, and
 Lasionycteris noctivagans) to probable origin using δ2H values, trace
 element concentrations, and species distribution models. We used
 cross-validation calibrated combined model tuning to determine the degree
 to which assignment probabilities improved when combining datasets. We
 found that combining markers typically performed better than single
 approaches. For L. borealis and L. cinereus, combining all three data
 sources outperformed any single or other combined approach. With an
 accuracy set at 80%, an average of 39.7% and 36.0% of each species’ total
 geographic range was considered a potential origin, respectively; stable
 hydrogen alone included 51.8% and 50.6% of the total geographic area.
  In contrast, for L. noctivagans, including trace elements did
 not increase precision, and adding distribution data to δ2H values only
 improved precision by 0.6%. Thus, we found that a combination of multiple
 biomarkers typically, but not always, outperforms single marker
 approaches, and optimized combinations of different markers outperform
 equal weighting of each marker. From a practical perspective, δ2H values
 performed better than trace elements alone; in cases where cost is a
 limiting factor, the stable hydrogen should be the single biomarker used
 in conjunction with species distribution models. Overall, these results
 highlight the importance of validating methods for each species they are
 applied to and show that combining information from intrinsic biomarker
 approaches is a useful tool to document bat movements.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dfn2z3571
title: Stand biomass decreases towards the edge of a range expanding invasive plant, Mikania micrantha, but only on thick soil layers

description: During range expansion, invasive plants may evolve distinctive traits that
 make them rapidly occupy the suitable sites at the invasion front, but it
 is unknown how stand biomass (i.e., biomass production of dense
 monocultural stands, which may predict invasion speed and impacts) changes
 during range expansion, and if stand biomass is related to competitive
 ability. In this study, we examined how competitive ability against common
 intraspecific competitors and stand biomass when six plants from the same
 population were grown together change during range expansion, using 27
 populations of the invasive Mikania micrantha on Hainan island of China.
 Competitive ability did not decrease towards the range edge. Stand biomass
 decreased towards the range edge in 11 L pots with a thick soil layer, but
 not in 3 L pots with a thin soil layer. Stand biomass was negatively
 correlated with root-to-shoot ratio in 3 L pots but not in 11 L pots.
 Stand biomass was unrelated to competitive ability. Our results indicate
 that edge populations of invasive M. micrantha may have reduced
 stand-level performance in habitats with thick soil layers. In habitats
 with shallow soil layers, populations may evolve greater allocation to
 roots and reduced stand-level performance.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wm37pvmsh
title: Correlates of early reproduction and apparent fitness consequences in male Soay sheep

description: Life history trade-offs are ubiquitous across species and place
 constraints on the timing of life history events, including the optimal
 age at first reproduction. However, studies on lifetime breeding success
 of male mammals are rare due to sex-biased dispersal and the requirement
 for genetic paternity inferences. We studied the correlates and apparent
 fitness consequences of early-life reproduction among males in a
 free-living population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on St Kilda, Scotland.
 We investigated the factors associated with early breeding success and the
 apparent consequences of early success for survival and future
 reproduction. We used genetic paternity inferences, population data and
 individual morphology measurements collected over 30 years. We found that
 individuals born in years with low-density population size had the highest
 early-life breeding success, and singletons were more likely to be
 successful than twins. Individuals that bred successfully at seven months
 were more likely to survive their first winter. For individuals that
 survived their first winter, early breeding success was not associated
 with later breeding success. Since individual heterogeneity affects
 breeding success, we believe that variation in individual quality masks
 costs of early reproduction in this population. Our findings provide no
 evidence for selection for delayed age at reproduction in male Soay
 sheep. 
description: This data consists of long-term field data and samples collected
 by research teams between 1986 and 2020. Data is collected three times
 each year; in late winter/early spring, summer, and autumn. Ten study area
 censuses are conducted on each expedition, yielding population size and
 sex ratio data. In spring, mortality checks determine which individuals
 died over winter. Here, we used data only from males that died in the
 study area during the study period. Lambs are caught soon after birth,
 weighed, sampled for genetic analysis, and tagged for lifelong
 identification. In August, individuals are caught, and up-to-date
 measurements of body size are collected. Soay sheep rut in November; at
 this time, 4–5 censuses of the study area are carried out per day to note
 the identity of pairs in consorts. During this time, any immigrant males
 from elsewhere on the island are also captured by darting, measured,
 sampled, and tagged.  Paternity was inferred
 genetically using 431 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in
 virtually all study area individuals and the R pedigree reconstruction
 package SEQUOIA. A small number of paternities involving individuals not
 SNP-genotyped were inferred using microsatellite markers and the R package
 MasterBayes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b8wr
title: Phases evolution and photocatalytic activity of Cu2O films electrodeposited from a non-pH-adjusted solution

description: A pure-phase Cu2O film photocatalyst was successfully prepared by the
 electrodeposition technique from a non-pH-adjusted solution. To
 investigate the phase evolution and photocatalytic activity of the film,
 the electrodeposition was conducted at different deposition temperatures.
 Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated from methylene blue
 (MB) dye degradation. The Cu2O phase initially appeared at room
 temperature and its fraction was found to increase with increasing the
 deposition temperature, while the impurity phase was successfully
 diminished. A pure Cu2O film with a narrow optical bandgap energy of 1.96
 eV was obtained at 75°C. The multi-faceted crystals were found to form at
 45°C and became a truncated octahedral structure that possessed {111} and
 {100} facets as deposition temperature further increased. A preferred
 orientation growth of {110} facet, which is known to possess a relatively
 high surface energy, was produced at 75°C. The performance of MB
 photodegradation enhanced gradually by increasing the deposition
 temperature. The increase of photocatalytic activity could be attributed
 to the rise of photoelectrochemical response and the decrease of
 resistance charge transfer because of narrowing bandgap energy, increasing
 Cu2O fraction, and growing a relatively high catalytic activity facet
 which had escalated redox reaction that decomposed MB at the
 photocatalyst-solution interface.
description: The data were obtained through UV-Visible spectrophotometer
 measurements conducted within the wavelength range of 500-750
 nm.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7hq
title: Prediction of current and future suitable habitats for three invasive freshwater fish species (Lepomis gibbosus, Perccottus glenii and Pseudorasbora parva) in Europe

description: Climate change can have a significant impact on the earth's
 ecosystems. Invasive species will respond to climate change, and their
 responses will have ecological and economic implications. Habitat
 suitability models (HSMs) are one of the most important tools currently
 available to assess the potential impacts of climate change on species.
 Projections of models of suitable conditions for species, built using
 Maxent based on the occurrence throughout the range (native and invasive),
 on the current climate of Europe and on the forecast climate data for the
 2050s and 2070s under the SSP2 and SSP5 scenarios are present here.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngsz
title: Density independent decline from an environmentally transmitted parasite

description: Invasive environmentally transmitted parasites have potential to cause
 declines in host populations independent of host density, but this is
 rarely characterised in naturally occurring populations. We investigated
 (1) epidemiological features of a declining bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus
 ursinus) population in central Tasmania owing to a sarcoptic mange (agent
 Sarcoptes scabiei) outbreak, and (2) reviewed all longitudinal
 wombat-mange studies to improve understanding of when host population
 declines may occur. Over a seven-year period, the wombat population
 declined 80% (95% CI 77–86%) and experienced a 55% range contraction. The
 average apparent prevalence of mange was high 27% (95% CI 21–34),
 increased slightly over our study period, and the population decline
 continued unabated, independent of declining host abundance. Combined with
 other longitudinal studies, our research indicated wombat populations may
 be at risk of decline when apparent prevalence exceeds 25%. This empirical
 study supports the capacity of environmentally transmitted parasites to
 cause density independent host population declines and suggests prevalence
 limits may be an indicator of impending decline-causing epizootics in
 bare-nosed wombats. This research is the first to test effects of density
 in mange epizootics where transmission is environmental and may provide a
 guide for when apparent prevalence indicates a local conservation threat.