cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24774429
title: Rare but widespread: A systematic revision of the truffle-forming genera <i>Destuntzia</i> and <i>Kjeldsenia</i> and the formation of a new genus, <i>Hosakaea</i>

description: Here we present the results of taxonomic and systematic study of the rare truffle-forming genera <i>Destuntzia</i> and <i>Kjeldsenia</i>. Truffle-forming fungi are difficult to study due to their reduced morphological features and their cryptic, hypogeous fruiting habits. The rare occurrence of <i>Destuntzia</i> and <i>Kjeldsenia</i> further compounds these difficulties due to the lack of adequate material for study. Recent forays in North Carolina and Tennessee recovered new specimens of another rarely collected fungus, <i>Octaviania purpurea</i>. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>Octaviania purpurea</i> is a member of the genus <i>Destuntzia</i>, and this led us to reevaluate the taxonomic status and systematic relationships of other <i>Destuntzia</i> species. We performed a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of <i>Destuntzia</i> specimens deposited in public fungaria, including all available type material, and environmental sequences from animal scat and soil. Our analyses indicate that <i>Destuntzia</i> is a member of the family Claustulaceae within the order Phallales and is a close relative of <i>Kjeldsenia</i>. Results of our phylogenetic analysis infer that three species originally described in the genus <i>Destuntzia</i> are members of the genus <i>Kjeldsenia</i>. We propose three new combinations in <i>Kjeldsenia</i> to accommodate these species as well as a new combination in <i>Destuntzia</i> to accommodate <i>Octaviania purpurea</i>. We also describe a new genus in Claustulaceae, <i>Hosakaea</i>, to accommodate a closely affiliated species, <i>Octaviania violascens</i>. Finally, we transfer the genus <i>Destunzia</i> into the family Claustulaceae and emend the description of the family. The newly proposed combinations in <i>Destuntzia</i> and <i>Kjeldsenia</i> significantly expand the known geographic ranges of both genera. The data from metabarcode analysis of scat and soil also reveal several additional undescribed species that expand these ranges well beyond those suggested by basidiomata collections. Systematic placement of <i>Destuntzia</i> in the saprotrophic order Phallales suggests that this genus is not ectomycorrhizal, and the ecological implications of this systematic revision are discussed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24794735
title: Use of image analysis to assess radial growth of <i>Passalora arachidicola</i> and <i>Nothopassalora personata</i> on solid media

description: Despite significant research on early and late leaf spot diseases of peanut, in vitro study of the respective causal agents, <i>Passalora arachidicola</i> and <i>Nothopassalora personata</i>, has been limited due to cultural challenges that make growth of these fungi difficult to quantify with traditional methods. Studies were conducted to evaluate the practicality of image analysis to assess radial growth and tissue volume by correlating these assessments to dry mass. Image analysis was also used to estimate radial growth rates for these fungi over time. Tissue area and volume were significantly correlated to dry mass for <i>P. arachidicola</i> in two separate experiments, and for <i>N. personata</i> when medium had been removed from tissues prior to dry mass assessments. Tissue area densities were the same for <i>P. arachidicola</i> and <i>Pseudocercospora smilacicola</i>, evaluated as a nonstromatal cercosporoid comparison, whereas tissue volume densities were greater for <i>P. archidicola</i> and <i>N. personata</i> than <i>P. smilacicola</i>. A quadratic relationship was observed between radial growth and incubation time for all isolates evaluated. Growth rates of <i>P. arachidicola</i> isolates were 2 to 4 times faster than <i>N. personata</i> during the first week of incubation and slowed over time. Growth rates of NP18R, a phenotype variant of <i>N. personata</i>, increased after neighboring colonies met and was nearly 2.5 times faster than the fastest rates observed for <i>P. arachidicola</i>. These experiments demonstrate that when fungal tissues are observable, image analysis is a useful assessment tool for <i>P. arachidicola</i> and <i>N. personata</i>. Care should be taken to monitor fungal phenotypic changes in these species because phenotype degeneration can affect growth rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24857673
title: Taxonomic and life cycle reappraisals of the marine basidiomycete <i>Nia vibrissa</i> complex, with descriptions of three new <i>Nia</i> species

description: The marine basidiomycete <i>Nia vibrissa</i> has been regarded as a species complex, possibly including several species, because morphological variations in fruitbody, spore, and spore appendage have been observed in materials from worldwide collections. Using more than 50 monosporic isolates of <i>N. vibrissa</i>–like fungi mainly obtained from Japanese beach coasts, we investigated their molecular phylogeny, morphological characteristics, mating compatibility, nuclear behavior during spore formation, and life cycles. Molecular phylogenetic analyses separated the examined strains into seven clades. Each clade of fungi exhibited distinctive characteristics in fruitbodies and spores produced by culturing monokaryotic strains and mated dikaryotic strains; these characteristics included the color of fruitbodies, apical structure of peridial hair hyphae, spore shape, and apical structure of spore appendages. Mating tests of monokaryotic strains demonstrated mating compatibility between strains within a clade and incompatibility among clades. Therefore, each clade of fungi was phylogenetically, morphologically, and biologically recognized as a different <i>Nia</i> species. Observation of the type specimen of <i>N. vibrissa</i> revealed a tiny T-shaped apical structure of spore appendages—not mentioned in the original description—that is unique to the species. This finding, together with the original description, suggests that our studied strains include <i>N</i>. aff. <i>vibrissa</i>, whose morphology is mostly identical to <i>N. vibrissa</i> sensu stricto, and three new species. Thus, we describe three new <i>Nia</i> species and propose emendation of the descriptions of the genus <i>Nia</i>. Culture-based studies have demonstrated that <i>Nia</i> species have both sexual and asexual morphs that produce morphologically similar fruitbodies (basidiomata and conidiomata) and spores (basidiospores and conidia). Because it has both morphs forming appendaged waterborne basidiospores and conidia, <i>Nia</i> must be the most well-adapted marine basidiomycete, ensuring the continuation of new generations by two morphs, while distributing in and inhabiting numerous marine environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24857673.v1
title: Taxonomic and life cycle reappraisals of the marine basidiomycete <i>Nia vibrissa</i> complex, with descriptions of three new <i>Nia</i> species

description: The marine basidiomycete <i>Nia vibrissa</i> has been regarded as a species complex, possibly including several species, because morphological variations in fruitbody, spore, and spore appendage have been observed in materials from worldwide collections. Using more than 50 monosporic isolates of <i>N. vibrissa</i>–like fungi mainly obtained from Japanese beach coasts, we investigated their molecular phylogeny, morphological characteristics, mating compatibility, nuclear behavior during spore formation, and life cycles. Molecular phylogenetic analyses separated the examined strains into seven clades. Each clade of fungi exhibited distinctive characteristics in fruitbodies and spores produced by culturing monokaryotic strains and mated dikaryotic strains; these characteristics included the color of fruitbodies, apical structure of peridial hair hyphae, spore shape, and apical structure of spore appendages. Mating tests of monokaryotic strains demonstrated mating compatibility between strains within a clade and incompatibility among clades. Therefore, each clade of fungi was phylogenetically, morphologically, and biologically recognized as a different <i>Nia</i> species. Observation of the type specimen of <i>N. vibrissa</i> revealed a tiny T-shaped apical structure of spore appendages—not mentioned in the original description—that is unique to the species. This finding, together with the original description, suggests that our studied strains include <i>N</i>. aff. <i>vibrissa</i>, whose morphology is mostly identical to <i>N. vibrissa</i> sensu stricto, and three new species. Thus, we describe three new <i>Nia</i> species and propose emendation of the descriptions of the genus <i>Nia</i>. Culture-based studies have demonstrated that <i>Nia</i> species have both sexual and asexual morphs that produce morphologically similar fruitbodies (basidiomata and conidiomata) and spores (basidiospores and conidia). Because it has both morphs forming appendaged waterborne basidiospores and conidia, <i>Nia</i> must be the most well-adapted marine basidiomycete, ensuring the continuation of new generations by two morphs, while distributing in and inhabiting numerous marine environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24887036
title: An expanded concept of <i>Ceratocystis manginecans</i> and five new species in the Latin American clade of <i>Ceratocystis</i>

description: The genus <i>Ceratocystis</i> contains a number of emerging plant pathogens, mostly members of the Latin American Clade (LAC), in which there are several unresolved taxonomic controversies. Among the most important are Brazilian pathogens in the <i>C. fimbriata</i> complex, <i>C. manginecans</i> and <i>C. eucalypticola</i>. Representatives of <i>C. manginecans</i> and <i>C. eucalypticola</i> from India and China, respectively, were shown to be fully interfertile in laboratory matings, and hybrids between the putative species were identified on <i>Punica</i> in India. An Indian tester strain was sexually compatible with representatives of what has been considered <i>C. fimbriata</i> on numerous hosts across Brazil. In this revision of the LAC, the name <i>C. fimbriata</i> is restricted to the widely dispersed <i>Ipomoea</i> strain, and <i>C. manginecans</i> is recognized as a Brazilian species that is important on <i>Mangifera, Eucalyptus</i>, and many other crops. <i>C. mangivora</i> and <i>C. mangicola</i> are also considered synonyms of <i>C. manginecans</i>. Based on phylogenetics and mating studies, two other Brazilian species are recognized: <i>C. atlantica</i>, sp. nov., and <i>C. alfenasii</i>, sp. nov., each with wide host ranges. Three new Caribbean species are recognized based on phylogenetics and earlier inoculation studies: <i>C. costaricensis</i>, sp. nov., on <i>Coffea, C. cubensis</i>, sp. nov., on <i>Spathodea</i>, and <i>C. xanthosomatis</i>, sp. nov., on the vegetatively propagated aroids <i>Xanthosoma</i> and <i>Syngonium</i>. Some of the other <i>Ceratocystis</i> species were based primarily on unique internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences, but the unreliability of rDNA sequences was demonstrated when intraspecific crossing of isolates with differing ITS sequences generated single-ascospore progeny with intragenomic variation in ITS sequences and others with new ITS sequences. Species recognition in <i>Ceratocystis</i> should use phenotype, including intersterility tests, to help identify which lineages are species. Although some species remain under-studied, we recognize 16 species in the LAC, all believed to be native to Latin America, the Caribbean region, or eastern USA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24553314
title: First molecular evidence of lichen-inhabiting <i>Acrospermum</i> and new insights into the evolution of lifestyles of Acrospermales (Dothideomycetes)

description: Acrospermales represent one of the least studied lineages of Dothideomycetes and are characterized by diverse ecological strategies, including saprotrophic, epiphytic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, and bryophilous lifestyles. The order is composed of two teleomorphic genera, <i>Acrospermum</i> and <i>Oomyces</i>, and five anamorphic genera of unclear relationships. The objectives of the study were to establish the phylogenetic position of <i>Acrospermum</i> species collected from lichens in the tropical forest of Bolivia and to infer the evolution of the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales. Our results reveal that the examined specimens from Bolivia represent a new species, <i>A. bolivianum</i>, which is well characterized by its phylogenetic distinctness, morphological characteristics, and host selection. The new species is the first lichenicolous member of <i>Acrospermum</i> and forms a well-supported clade sister to the bryophilous <i>Acrospermum adeanum</i>. The evolution of lifestyles, concluded by phylogenetic analyses and ancestral state reconstructions, indicated that the saprotrophic lifestyle is ancestral to Acrospermales. This corresponds to their close relationship to other saprotrophic lineages of Dothideomycetes and indicates that the wide spectrum of nutritional strategies, currently observed in Acrospermales, may be a result of more recent shifts in their ecology. Our results also suggest that the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales appeared independently at least two times. Lichenicolous species are represented in our data set by <i>Acrospermum bolivianum</i> and <i>Gonatophragmium physciae</i>, which evolved from lichenicolous and plant-parasite ancestors, respectively. The genus <i>Oomyces</i>, represented by <i>O. carneoalbus</i>, was included for the first time in the phylogenetic analysis and showed a sister relationship to the remaining taxa of Acrospermales.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24553314.v1
title: First molecular evidence of lichen-inhabiting <i>Acrospermum</i> and new insights into the evolution of lifestyles of Acrospermales (Dothideomycetes)

description: Acrospermales represent one of the least studied lineages of Dothideomycetes and are characterized by diverse ecological strategies, including saprotrophic, epiphytic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, and bryophilous lifestyles. The order is composed of two teleomorphic genera, <i>Acrospermum</i> and <i>Oomyces</i>, and five anamorphic genera of unclear relationships. The objectives of the study were to establish the phylogenetic position of <i>Acrospermum</i> species collected from lichens in the tropical forest of Bolivia and to infer the evolution of the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales. Our results reveal that the examined specimens from Bolivia represent a new species, <i>A. bolivianum</i>, which is well characterized by its phylogenetic distinctness, morphological characteristics, and host selection. The new species is the first lichenicolous member of <i>Acrospermum</i> and forms a well-supported clade sister to the bryophilous <i>Acrospermum adeanum</i>. The evolution of lifestyles, concluded by phylogenetic analyses and ancestral state reconstructions, indicated that the saprotrophic lifestyle is ancestral to Acrospermales. This corresponds to their close relationship to other saprotrophic lineages of Dothideomycetes and indicates that the wide spectrum of nutritional strategies, currently observed in Acrospermales, may be a result of more recent shifts in their ecology. Our results also suggest that the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales appeared independently at least two times. Lichenicolous species are represented in our data set by <i>Acrospermum bolivianum</i> and <i>Gonatophragmium physciae</i>, which evolved from lichenicolous and plant-parasite ancestors, respectively. The genus <i>Oomyces</i>, represented by <i>O. carneoalbus</i>, was included for the first time in the phylogenetic analysis and showed a sister relationship to the remaining taxa of Acrospermales.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24794735.v1
title: Use of image analysis to assess radial growth of <i>Passalora arachidicola</i> and <i>Nothopassalora personata</i> on solid media

description: Despite significant research on early and late leaf spot diseases of peanut, in vitro study of the respective causal agents, <i>Passalora arachidicola</i> and <i>Nothopassalora personata</i>, has been limited due to cultural challenges that make growth of these fungi difficult to quantify with traditional methods. Studies were conducted to evaluate the practicality of image analysis to assess radial growth and tissue volume by correlating these assessments to dry mass. Image analysis was also used to estimate radial growth rates for these fungi over time. Tissue area and volume were significantly correlated to dry mass for <i>P. arachidicola</i> in two separate experiments, and for <i>N. personata</i> when medium had been removed from tissues prior to dry mass assessments. Tissue area densities were the same for <i>P. arachidicola</i> and <i>Pseudocercospora smilacicola</i>, evaluated as a nonstromatal cercosporoid comparison, whereas tissue volume densities were greater for <i>P. archidicola</i> and <i>N. personata</i> than <i>P. smilacicola</i>. A quadratic relationship was observed between radial growth and incubation time for all isolates evaluated. Growth rates of <i>P. arachidicola</i> isolates were 2 to 4 times faster than <i>N. personata</i> during the first week of incubation and slowed over time. Growth rates of NP18R, a phenotype variant of <i>N. personata</i>, increased after neighboring colonies met and was nearly 2.5 times faster than the fastest rates observed for <i>P. arachidicola</i>. These experiments demonstrate that when fungal tissues are observable, image analysis is a useful assessment tool for <i>P. arachidicola</i> and <i>N. personata</i>. Care should be taken to monitor fungal phenotypic changes in these species because phenotype degeneration can affect growth rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24553319
title: Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 5: <i>Erysiphe</i> (the “<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage” part 1)

description: In this contribution, we offer the fifth installment of a series focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This paper is the second segment evaluating the genus <i>Erysiphe</i>. The first treatment of <i>Erysiphe</i> focused on phylogenetically basal species in the “<i>Uncinula</i> lineage.” This research presents a phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of species that form the group previously referred to as the “<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage.” Given the size of the group, we split the treatment of this lineage of <i>Erysiphe</i> species into two parts based on their phylogenetic placement. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS+28S data are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (<i>CAM, GADPH, GS, RPB2</i>, and <i>TUB</i>). Included in the analysis of the <i>Microsphaera</i> lineage is the “<i>Erysiphe aquilegiae</i> complex” (group, clade, cluster), which encompasses sequences obtained from an assemblage of <i>Erysiphe</i> species with insufficient resolution in rDNA analyses. Attempts have been made to resolve this group at the species level by applying a multilocus approach. A detailed discussion of the “<i>Erysiphe aquilegiae</i> complex” is provided. Sequences are provided for the first time for several species, particularly North American species, such as <i>Erysiphe aggregata, E. erineophila, E. parnassiae</i>, and <i>E. semitosta</i>. Ex-type sequences for <i>Microsphaera benzoin</i> and <i>M. magnusii</i> have been retrieved. <i>Alphitomorpha penicillata, Microsphaera vanbruntiana</i>, and <i>M. symphoricarpi</i> are epitypified with ex-epitype sequences. The new species <i>Erysiphe alnicola, E. deutziana, E. cornigena, E. lentaginis</i>, and <i>E. sambucina</i> are described, the new combinations <i>E. lauracearum, E. passiflorae</i>, and <i>E. sambucicola</i> are introduced, and the new name <i>E. santali</i> is proposed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24553319.v1
title: Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 5: <i>Erysiphe</i> (the “<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage” part 1)

description: In this contribution, we offer the fifth installment of a series focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This paper is the second segment evaluating the genus <i>Erysiphe</i>. The first treatment of <i>Erysiphe</i> focused on phylogenetically basal species in the “<i>Uncinula</i> lineage.” This research presents a phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of species that form the group previously referred to as the “<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage.” Given the size of the group, we split the treatment of this lineage of <i>Erysiphe</i> species into two parts based on their phylogenetic placement. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS+28S data are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (<i>CAM, GADPH, GS, RPB2</i>, and <i>TUB</i>). Included in the analysis of the <i>Microsphaera</i> lineage is the “<i>Erysiphe aquilegiae</i> complex” (group, clade, cluster), which encompasses sequences obtained from an assemblage of <i>Erysiphe</i> species with insufficient resolution in rDNA analyses. Attempts have been made to resolve this group at the species level by applying a multilocus approach. A detailed discussion of the “<i>Erysiphe aquilegiae</i> complex” is provided. Sequences are provided for the first time for several species, particularly North American species, such as <i>Erysiphe aggregata, E. erineophila, E. parnassiae</i>, and <i>E. semitosta</i>. Ex-type sequences for <i>Microsphaera benzoin</i> and <i>M. magnusii</i> have been retrieved. <i>Alphitomorpha penicillata, Microsphaera vanbruntiana</i>, and <i>M. symphoricarpi</i> are epitypified with ex-epitype sequences. The new species <i>Erysiphe alnicola, E. deutziana, E. cornigena, E. lentaginis</i>, and <i>E. sambucina</i> are described, the new combinations <i>E. lauracearum, E. passiflorae</i>, and <i>E. sambucicola</i> are introduced, and the new name <i>E. santali</i> is proposed.