DOI: 10.3886/icpsr00006
title: Referenda and Primary Election Materials
title: Archival Version

description: This data collection contains election returns at the
 county and state levels from the mid-nineteenth century to the late
 twentieth century for primary and general elections on statewide
 referenda, constitutional amendments, state House/Senate joint
 resolutions, and initiated measures. The ballot language of each
 measure is also included. County-level returns for most
 gubernatorial, senatorial, and congressional primary elections from
1910 to the present are documented as well.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Referenda Elections for Connecticut, 1970-1990 (State 01)
DS2: Referenda Elections for Maine, 1967-1990 (State 02)
DS3: Referenda Elections for Massachusetts, 1968-1990 (State 03)
DS4: Referenda Elections for New Hampshire, 1968-1990 (State 04)
DS5: Referenda Elections for Rhode Island, 1968-1990 (State 05)
DS6: Referenda Elections for Vermont, 1976-1986 (State 06)
DS7: Referenda Elections for Delaware, 1976-1984 (State 11)
DS8: Referenda Elections for New Jersey, 1968-1990 (State 12)
DS9: Referenda Elections for New York, 1967-1990 (State 13)
DS10: Referenda Elections for Pennsylvania, 1967-1990 (State 14)
DS11: Referenda Elections for Illinois, 1968-1990 (State 21)
DS12: Referenda Elections for Indiana, 1968-1990 (State 22)
DS13: Referenda Elections for Michigan, 1968-1988 (State 23)
DS14: Referenda Elections for Ohio, 1967-1990 (State 24)
DS15: Referenda Elections for Wisconsin, 1967-1990 (State 25)
DS16: Referenda Elections for Iowa, 1968-1990 (State 31)
DS17: Referenda Elections for Kansas, 1968-1990 (State 32)
DS18: Referenda Elections for Minnesota, 1968-1990 (State 33)
DS19: Referenda Elections for Missouri, 1968-1990 (State 34)
DS20: Referenda Elections for Nebraska, 1860-1990 (State 35)
DS21: Referenda Elections for North Dakota, 1968-1990 (State 36)
DS22: Referenda Elections for South Dakota, 1968-1990 (State 37)
DS23: Referenda Elections for Alabama, 1968-1990 (State 41)
DS24: Referenda Elections for Arkansas, 1968-1990 (State 42)
DS25: Referenda Elections for Florida, 1968-1990 (State 43)
DS26: Referenda Elections for Georgia, 1968-1990 (State 44)
DS27: Referenda Elections for Louisiana, 1968-1990 (State 45)
DS28: Referenda Elections for Mississippi, 1968-1990 (State 46)
DS29: Referenda Elections for North Carolina, 1968-1990 (State 47)
DS30: Referenda Elections for South Carolina, 1968-1990 (State 48)
DS31: Referenda Elections for Texas, 1968-1990 (State 49)
DS32: Referenda Elections for Virginia, 1968-1990 (State 40)
DS33: Referenda Elections for Kentucky, 1970-1990 (State 51)
DS34: Referenda Elections for Maryland, 1968-1990 (State 52)
DS35: Referenda Elections for Oklahoma, 1968-1990 (State 53)
DS36: Referenda Elections for Tennessee, 1968-1982 (State 54)
DS37: Referenda Elections for West Virginia, 1968-1990 (State 56)
DS38: Referenda Elections for Arizona, 1968-1990 (State 61)
DS39: Referenda Elections for Colorado, 1968-1990 (State 62)
DS40: Referenda Elections for Idaho, 1968-1990 (State 63)
DS41: Referenda Elections for Montana, 1968-1990 (State 64)
DS42: Referenda Elections for Nevada, 1968-1990 (State 65)
DS43: Referenda Elections for New Mexico, 1968-1990 (State 66)
DS44: Referenda Elections for Utah, 1968-1990 (State 67)
DS45: Referenda Elections for Wyoming, 1968-1990 (State 68)
DS46: Referenda Elections for California, 1968-1990 (State 71)
DS47: Referenda Elections for Oregon, 1968-1990 (State 72)
DS48: Referenda Elections for Washington, 1968-1990 (State 73)
DS49: Referenda Elections for Alaska, 1968-1990 (State 81)
DS50: Referenda Elections for Hawaii, 1968-1990 (State 82)
DS51: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Connecticut, 1970-1990 (State 01)
DS52: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Maine, 1967-1990 (State 02)
DS53: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Massachusetts, 1968-1990 (State 03)
DS54: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for New Hampshire, 1968-1990 (State 04)
DS55: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Rhode Island, 1968-1990 (State 05)
DS56: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Vermont, 1976-1986 (State 06)
DS57: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Delaware, 1976-1984 (State 11)
DS58: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for New Jersey, 1968-1990 (State 12)
DS59: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for New York, 1967-1990 (State 13)
DS60: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Pennsylvania, 1967-1990 (State 14)
DS61: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Illinois, 1968-1990 (State 21)
DS62: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Indiana, 1968-1990 (State 22)
DS63: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Michigan, 1968-1988 (State 23)
DS64: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Ohio, 1967-1990 (State 24)
DS65: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Wisconsin, 1967-1990 (State 25)
DS66: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Iowa, 1968-1990 (State 31)
DS67: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Kansas, 1968-1990 (State 32)
DS68: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Minnesota, 1968-1990 (State 33)
DS69: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Missouri, 1968-1990 (State 34)
DS70: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Nebraska, 1860-1990 (State 35)
DS71: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for North Dakota, 1968-1990 (State 36)
DS72: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for South Dakota, 1968-1990 (State 37)
DS73: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Alabama, 1968-1990 (State 41)
DS74: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Arkansas, 1968-1990 (State 42)
DS75: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Florida, 1968-1990 (State 43)
DS76: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Georgia, 1968-1990 (State 44)
DS77: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Louisiana, 1968-1990 (State 45)
DS78: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Mississippi, 1968-1990 (State 46)
DS79: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for North Carolina, 1968-1990 (State 47)
DS80: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for South Carolina, 1968-1990 (State 48)
DS81: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Texas, 1968-1990 (State 49)
DS82: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Virginia, 1968-1990 (State 40)
DS83: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Kentucky, 1970-1990 (State 51)
DS84: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Maryland, 1968-1990 (State 52)
DS85: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Oklahoma, 1968-1990 (State 53)
DS86: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Tennessee, 1968-1982 (State 54)
DS87: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for West Virginia, 1968-1990 (State 56)
DS88: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Arizona, 1968-1990 (State 61)
DS89: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Colorado, 1968-1990 (State 62)
DS90: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Idaho, 1968-1990 (State 63)
DS91: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Montana, 1968-1990 (State 64)
DS92: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Nevada, 1968-1990 (State 65)
DS93: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for New Mexico, 1968-1990 (State 66)
DS94: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Utah, 1968-1990 (State 67)
DS95: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Wyoming, 1968-1990 (State 68)
DS96: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for California, 1968-1990 (State 71)
DS97: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Oregon, 1968-1990 (State 72)
DS98: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Washington, 1968-1990 (State 73)
DS99: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Alaska, 1968-1990 (State 81)
DS100: SAS Data Definition Statements for Referenda Elections for Hawaii, 1968-1990 (State 82)
description: Most of the information for this collection is 
 available ONLY in typed and photocopied form. The exception is 
 statewide referenda data from 1968 to 1990, which ICPSR has converted 
 into machine-readable form. Included in this portion of the collection 
 are the county vote breakdowns for approximately 4,241 referenda voted 
 upon in primary and general elections throughout the United States. A 
 typed hardcopy codebook accompanies each state file. The primary 
 election data are NOT available in machine-readable form. It is 
 possible to supply, on a cost basis, limited portions of the referenda 
 and primary election returns that are not machine-readable in the form 
of photocopies.