cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026826.v1
title: Hazard perception of stroke drivers in a video-based Japanese hazard perception task

description: <b>Objective:</b> Hazard perception (HP) is the ability to identify a hazardous situation while driving. Though HP has been well studied among neurologically intact populations, little is known about the HP of neurologically impaired populations (in this study, stroke patients). The purpose of this study is, first, to investigate the HP of stroke patients and, second, to verify the effect of lesion side (right or left hemisphere) on HP, from the viewpoint of hazard types. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-seven neurologically intact age-matched older drivers and 63 stroke patients with valid driver’s licenses conducted a video-based Japanese HP task. Participants were asked to indicate the hazardous events in the driving scenario. These events were classified into 3 types: (1) behavioral prediction hazards (BP), which are those where the cause is visible before it becomes a hazard; (2) environmental prediction hazards (EP), which are those where the ultimate hazard may be hidden from view; and (3) dividing and focusing attention hazards (DF), which are those where there is more than one potential hazard to monitor on approach．Participants also took part in the Trail Making Test (TMT) to evaluate visual information processing speed. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the number of responses was significantly fewer for stroke patients than for age-matched drivers for all hazard types (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and this difference was not affected by lesion side (<i>P</i> &gt; .05). It was also found that stroke patients showed a slower response time than age-matched drivers only for BP (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The lesion side did not affect response latency (<i>P</i> &gt; .05). Results of the TMT revealed that age-matched drivers completed the task significantly faster than stroke patients (<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and that neither TMT-A nor TMT-B differentiated between patients with left hemisphere damage and patients with right hemisphere damage (<i>P</i> &gt; .05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Firstly, HP in stroke patients is low compared to age-matched drivers. Secondly, even if stroke patients notice hazards, their response may be delayed in a BP situation, due to a slower visual information processing speed. Thirdly, the lesion side does not appear to affect HP.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026808
title: Characterizing trunk muscle activations during simulated low-speed rear impact collisions

description: <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activation profiles of muscles surrounding the lumbar spine during unanticipated and braced simulated rear-end collisions. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two low-speed sled tests were performed on 11 human volunteers (△V = 4 km/h). Each volunteer was exposed to one unanticipated impact and one braced impact. Accelerometers were mounted on the test sled and participants’ low back. Six bilateral channels of surface electromyography (EMG) were collected from the trunk during impact trials. Peak lumbar accelerations, peak muscle activation delay, muscle onset time, and peak EMG magnitudes, normalized to maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs), were examined across test conditions. <b>Results:</b> Though not statistically significant, bracing for impact tended to reduce peak lumbar acceleration in the initial rearward impact phase of the occupant’s motion by approximately 15%. The only trunk muscles with peak activations exceeding 10% MVC during the unanticipated impact were the thoracic erector spinae. Time of peak muscle activation was slightly longer for the unanticipated condition (unanticipated = 296 ms; braced = 241 ms). <b>Conclusions:</b> Results from this investigation demonstrate that during an unanticipated low-speed rear-end collision, the peak activation of muscles in the lumbar spine are low in magnitude. As such, muscle activation likely has minimal contribution to the internal joint loads that are experienced in the lumbar intervertebral joints during low-speed rear impact collisions. These findings justify the use of simplified joint models in estimating the joint loads in the lumbar spine during low-speed rear impact collisions and support the application of cadaveric and anthropomorphic test device (ATD) testing in understanding the resultant joint loads in the lumbar spine associated with rear-end collisions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026820.v2
title: Theoretical and experimental analysis of the core sampling method: Reducing diffusional losses in aerosol sampling line

description: Core sampling method (extracting a portion of a flow from the core of the flow) will reduce diffusional losses of highly diffusive species (e.g., aerosol nanoparticles, ions, and gases) when transporting them through a sampling tube. Revealing parameters governing the sampling efficiency of a core sampling system, <i>η</i><sub>sam</sub>, helps to design the apparatus and to optimize its performance. In this study, we report an analytical solution for quantifying the <i>η</i><sub>sam</sub> by solving the convection diffusion equation of laminar flow field. The analytical results were experimentally evaluated using 1–5 nm tungsten oxide nanoparticles. <i>η</i><sub>sam</sub> is governed by a dimensionless loss parameter and the transport-to-sample flow ratio. Theoretically predicted values for <i>η</i><sub>sam</sub> agree with experimental results, e.g., the relative deviation is within 5% when the value for the loss parameter is less than 0.1. The core sampling method is recommended to work at the loss parameter less than 0.1 such that <i>η</i><sub>sam</sub> is equal or close to the maximum value of unity and is also insensitive to variations in sampling conditions. In this study, how to apply the findings in designing and optimizing a core sampling system was discussed. A core sampling apparatus was then designed and experimentally evaluated. Its sampling efficiency was shown to be significantly higher than those of a tee, a cross fitting, and a Y fitting when the same sampling conditions were used. Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026853.v3
title: The second ACTRIS inter-comparison (2016) for Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM): Calibration protocols and instrument performance evaluations

description: This work describes results obtained from the 2016 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) intercomparison exercise performed at the Aerosol Chemical Monitor Calibration Center (ACMCC, France). Fifteen quadrupole ACSMs (Q_ACSM) from the European Research Infrastructure for the observation of Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases (ACTRIS) network were calibrated using a new procedure that acquires calibration data under the same operating conditions as those used during sampling and hence gets information representative of instrument performance. The new calibration procedure notably resulted in a decrease in the spread of the measured sulfate mass concentrations, improving the reproducibility of inorganic species measurements between ACSMs as well as the consistency with co-located independent instruments. Tested calibration procedures also allowed for the investigation of artifacts in individual instruments, such as the overestimation of <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 44 from organic aerosol. This effect was quantified by the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> (mass-to-charge) 44 to nitrate ratio measured during ammonium nitrate calibrations, with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.26, showing that it can be significant for some instruments. The fragmentation table correction previously proposed to account for this artifact was applied to the measurements acquired during this study. For some instruments (those with high artifacts), this fragmentation table adjustment led to an “overcorrection” of the <i>f44</i> (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 44/Org) signal. This correction based on measurements made with pure NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, assumes that the magnitude of the artifact is independent of chemical composition. Using data acquired at different NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> mixing ratios (from solutions of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) we observe that the magnitude of the artifact varies as a function of composition. Here we applied an updated correction, dependent on the ambient NO<sub>3</sub> mass fraction, which resulted in an improved agreement in organic signal among instruments. This work illustrates the benefits of integrating new calibration procedures and artifact corrections, but also highlights the benefits of these intercomparison exercises to continue to improve our knowledge of how these instruments operate, and assist us in interpreting atmospheric chemistry.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026787
title: System Data | Citi Bike Trip Histories

description: System Data<br>Where do Citi Bikers ride? When do they ride? How far do they go? Which stations are most popular? What days of the week are most rides taken on? We've heard all of these questions and more from you, and we're happy to provide the data to help you discover the answers to these questions and more. We invite developers, engineers, statisticians, artists, academics and other interested members of the public to use the data we provide for analysis, development, visualization and whatever else moves you.<br>Citi Bike Trip HistoriesWe publish downloadable files of Citi Bike trip data. The data includes:<br>Trip Duration (seconds)Start Time and DateStop Time and DateStart Station NameEnd Station NameStation IDStation Lat/LongBike IDUser Type (Customer = 24-hour pass or 3-day pass user; Subscriber = Annual Member)Gender (Zero=unknown; 1=male; 2=female)Year of Birth<br>This data has been processed to remove trips that are taken by staff as they service and inspect the system, trips that are taken to/from any of our “test” stations (which we were using more in June and July 2013), and any trips that were below 60 seconds in length (potentially false starts or users trying to re-dock a bike to ensure it's secure).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026808.v1
title: Characterizing trunk muscle activations during simulated low-speed rear impact collisions

description: <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activation profiles of muscles surrounding the lumbar spine during unanticipated and braced simulated rear-end collisions. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two low-speed sled tests were performed on 11 human volunteers (△V = 4 km/h). Each volunteer was exposed to one unanticipated impact and one braced impact. Accelerometers were mounted on the test sled and participants’ low back. Six bilateral channels of surface electromyography (EMG) were collected from the trunk during impact trials. Peak lumbar accelerations, peak muscle activation delay, muscle onset time, and peak EMG magnitudes, normalized to maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs), were examined across test conditions. <b>Results:</b> Though not statistically significant, bracing for impact tended to reduce peak lumbar acceleration in the initial rearward impact phase of the occupant’s motion by approximately 15%. The only trunk muscles with peak activations exceeding 10% MVC during the unanticipated impact were the thoracic erector spinae. Time of peak muscle activation was slightly longer for the unanticipated condition (unanticipated = 296 ms; braced = 241 ms). <b>Conclusions:</b> Results from this investigation demonstrate that during an unanticipated low-speed rear-end collision, the peak activation of muscles in the lumbar spine are low in magnitude. As such, muscle activation likely has minimal contribution to the internal joint loads that are experienced in the lumbar intervertebral joints during low-speed rear impact collisions. These findings justify the use of simplified joint models in estimating the joint loads in the lumbar spine during low-speed rear impact collisions and support the application of cadaveric and anthropomorphic test device (ATD) testing in understanding the resultant joint loads in the lumbar spine associated with rear-end collisions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026787.v1
title: Untitled Item

description: System Data<br>Where do Citi Bikers ride? When do they ride? How far do they go? Which stations are most popular? What days of the week are most rides taken on? We've heard all of these questions and more from you, and we're happy to provide the data to help you discover the answers to these questions and more. We invite developers, engineers, statisticians, artists, academics and other interested members of the public to use the data we provide for analysis, development, visualization and whatever else moves you.<br>Citi Bike Trip HistoriesWe publish downloadable files of Citi Bike trip data. The data includes:<br>Trip Duration (seconds)Start Time and DateStop Time and DateStart Station NameEnd Station NameStation IDStation Lat/LongBike IDUser Type (Customer = 24-hour pass or 3-day pass user; Subscriber = Annual Member)Gender (Zero=unknown; 1=male; 2=female)Year of Birth<br>This data has been processed to remove trips that are taken by staff as they service and inspect the system, trips that are taken to/from any of our “test” stations (which we were using more in June and July 2013), and any trips that were below 60 seconds in length (potentially false starts or users trying to re-dock a bike to ensure it's secure).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026787.v3
title: System Data | Citi Bike Trip Histories

description: System Data<br>Where do Citi Bikers ride? When do they ride? How far do they go? Which stations are most popular? What days of the week are most rides taken on? We've heard all of these questions and more from you, and we're happy to provide the data to help you discover the answers to these questions and more. We invite developers, engineers, statisticians, artists, academics and other interested members of the public to use the data we provide for analysis, development, visualization and whatever else moves you.<br>Citi Bike Trip HistoriesWe publish downloadable files of Citi Bike trip data. The data includes:<br>Trip Duration (seconds)Start Time and DateStop Time and DateStart Station NameEnd Station NameStation IDStation Lat/LongBike IDUser Type (Customer = 24-hour pass or 3-day pass user; Subscriber = Annual Member)Gender (Zero=unknown; 1=male; 2=female)Year of Birth<br>This data has been processed to remove trips that are taken by staff as they service and inspect the system, trips that are taken to/from any of our “test” stations (which we were using more in June and July 2013), and any trips that were below 60 seconds in length (potentially false starts or users trying to re-dock a bike to ensure it's secure).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026787.v2
title: System Data | Citi Bike Trip Histories

description: System Data<br>Where do Citi Bikers ride? When do they ride? How far do they go? Which stations are most popular? What days of the week are most rides taken on? We've heard all of these questions and more from you, and we're happy to provide the data to help you discover the answers to these questions and more. We invite developers, engineers, statisticians, artists, academics and other interested members of the public to use the data we provide for analysis, development, visualization and whatever else moves you.<br>Citi Bike Trip HistoriesWe publish downloadable files of Citi Bike trip data. The data includes:<br>Trip Duration (seconds)Start Time and DateStop Time and DateStart Station NameEnd Station NameStation IDStation Lat/LongBike IDUser Type (Customer = 24-hour pass or 3-day pass user; Subscriber = Annual Member)Gender (Zero=unknown; 1=male; 2=female)Year of Birth<br>This data has been processed to remove trips that are taken by staff as they service and inspect the system, trips that are taken to/from any of our “test” stations (which we were using more in June and July 2013), and any trips that were below 60 seconds in length (potentially false starts or users trying to re-dock a bike to ensure it's secure).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026622
title: Task Complexity Assessment – A Matter of Auditor’s Characteristics and Institutional Environment (data - survey responses)

description: survey responses for the research project "Task Complexity Assessment – A Matter of Auditor’s Characteristics and Institutional Environment" <br><br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026622.v1
title: Task Complexity Assessment – A Matter of Auditor’s Characteristics and Institutional Environment (data - survey responses)

description: survey responses for the research project "Task Complexity Assessment – A Matter of Auditor’s Characteristics and Institutional Environment" <br><br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026361
title: Subject raw data files

description: Source data of each subject
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026355
title: Supplementary Material for: The Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Postoperative Complication Risk in Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score is associated with prognosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients, but the clinical significance of the CONUT score for postoperative short-term outcome remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the CONUT score on postoperative outcomes in patients with GI and hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers. We conducted a systematic literature search of Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR) for postoperative complications in patients with lower ­CONUT score versus higher CONUT score. Furthermore, we explored the most appropriate cutoff value of the CONUT score to predict postoperative complications. Ten retrospective studies (5,138 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with higher CONUT score had an increased risk of mortality (RR 5.38, 95% CI 2.19–13.2, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), postoperative major complications (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.05–2.33, <i>p</i>= 0.03, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 79%), and overall complications (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.16–1.63, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 6%). We found that the cutoff of CONUT ≤4 vs. CONUT ≥5 had the highest pooled RR compared with other cutoff values (RR 4.79, 95% CI 0.97–23.5, <i>p</i>= 0.05, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 91%). In conclusion, the present study suggests that the preoperative CONUT score was associated with an increased risk of mortality and complications in GI and HPB surgical oncology. Patients with higher CONUT score as compared with those having a lower score had approximately a fivefold mortality risk and an increased risk up to 55% on major and overall complications after GI and HPB surgery. Our analysis indicates that the appropriate cutoff value of the CONUT score to predict postoperative major complications would be between 4 and 5. The preoperative evaluation of the CONUT score would be helpful for predicting the risk of postoperative outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026331
title: Cryotherapy reduces muscle hypertonia, but does not affect lower limb strength or gait kinematics post-stroke: a randomized controlled crossover study

description: <b>Background</b>: Based on the premise that spasticity might affect gait post-stroke, cryotherapy is among the techniques used to temporarily reduce spasticity in neurological patients. This effective technique would enhance muscle performance, and ultimately, functional training, such as walking. However, understanding whether a decrease in spasticity level, if any, would lead to improving muscle performance and gait parameters is not based on evidence and needs to be clarified. <b>Objectives</b>: to investigate the immediate effects of cryotherapy, applied to spastic plantarflexor muscles of subjects post-stroke, on tonus level, torque generation capacity of plantarflexors and dorsiflexors, and angular/spatiotemporal gait parameters. <b>Methods</b>: Sixteen chronic hemiparetic subjects participated in this randomized controlled crossover study. Cryotherapy (ice pack) or Control (room temperature sand pack) were applied to the calf muscles of the paretic limb. The measurements taken (before and immediately after intervention) were: 1) Tonus according to the Modified Ashworth Scale; 2) Torque assessments were performed using an isokinetic dynamometer; and 3) Spatiotemporal and angular kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle (flexion/extension), obtained using a tridimensional movement analysis system (Qualisys). <b>Results</b>: Cryotherapy decreased plantarflexor tonus but did not change muscle torque generation capacity and did not affect spatiotemporal or angular parameters during gait compared to control application. These findings contribute to the evidence-based approach to clinical rehabilitation post-stroke. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings of this study suggest that cryotherapy applied to the calf muscles of subjects with chronic hemiparesis reduces muscle hypertonia but does not improve dorsiflexors and plantarflexors performance and gait parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026361.v1
title: Subject raw data files

description: Source data of each subject
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026295
title: Source data Fig 5

description: Dataset for Figure 5
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8026331.v1
title: Cryotherapy reduces muscle hypertonia, but does not affect lower limb strength or gait kinematics post-stroke: a randomized controlled crossover study

description: <b>Background</b>: Based on the premise that spasticity might affect gait post-stroke, cryotherapy is among the techniques used to temporarily reduce spasticity in neurological patients. This effective technique would enhance muscle performance, and ultimately, functional training, such as walking. However, understanding whether a decrease in spasticity level, if any, would lead to improving muscle performance and gait parameters is not based on evidence and needs to be clarified. <b>Objectives</b>: to investigate the immediate effects of cryotherapy, applied to spastic plantarflexor muscles of subjects post-stroke, on tonus level, torque generation capacity of plantarflexors and dorsiflexors, and angular/spatiotemporal gait parameters. <b>Methods</b>: Sixteen chronic hemiparetic subjects participated in this randomized controlled crossover study. Cryotherapy (ice pack) or Control (room temperature sand pack) were applied to the calf muscles of the paretic limb. The measurements taken (before and immediately after intervention) were: 1) Tonus according to the Modified Ashworth Scale; 2) Torque assessments were performed using an isokinetic dynamometer; and 3) Spatiotemporal and angular kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle (flexion/extension), obtained using a tridimensional movement analysis system (Qualisys). <b>Results</b>: Cryotherapy decreased plantarflexor tonus but did not change muscle torque generation capacity and did not affect spatiotemporal or angular parameters during gait compared to control application. These findings contribute to the evidence-based approach to clinical rehabilitation post-stroke. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings of this study suggest that cryotherapy applied to the calf muscles of subjects with chronic hemiparesis reduces muscle hypertonia but does not improve dorsiflexors and plantarflexors performance and gait parameters.