DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8001685
title: [IO Islamic 51] كلّيّات امير خسرو

description: <strong>Kulliyyât-i-Amîr Khusrau.</strong> <strong>This manuscript is now IO Islamic 1186 in the India Office collections.</strong> <strong>[metadata:</strong> <strong>Hermann Ethé</strong><strong><em>, </em></strong><strong><em>Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office,</em></strong> <strong>2 vols. (Oxford: India Office, 1903): volume 1,</strong> <strong>number 51 here with notations and hyperlinks].</strong> <em>Poets who died between</em> A.H. 700 <em>and</em> <em>800</em>. Amîr Khusrau (Nos. 1186-1222). 1186 Kulliyyât-i-Amîr Khusrau (كلّيّات امير خسرو) The oldest collection of poetical works, by the greatest Persian poet of India, Yamîn-aldin Abû-alḥasan Amir Khusrau, son of Lâjîn (who afterwards assumed the title of Amîr Saif-aldîn Maḥmûd Shamsî), born A.H. 651 (A.D. 1253) in Patyâlî or Patiyâlî, died in Dihlî A.H. 725, either the 18th of Shawwâl, as the Maṭlûb-alṭâlibîn states (see No. 3 in the list of Niżâm-aldîn Auliyâ’s pupils, col. 324 in this Cat.)=A.D. 1325, Sept. 27, or the 29th of Dhû-alḳa’dah=A.D. 1325, Nov. 6, as Rieu and Sprenger assert; comp. on his life and works Rieu i. pp. 240-242, and ii. p. 609 sq.; Bodleian Cat., Nos. 753-799; W. Pertsch, p. 74 (No. 43, 6), and Berlin Cat., p. 831 sq.; A. Sprenger, Catal. p. 465 sq.; Ouseley, Biogr. Notices, pp. 148-163; Elliot, History of India, iii. pp. 524-566; Cat. des MSS. et Xylographes, pp. 350-352; G. Flügel i. p. 542; J. Aumer, pp. 21 and 22; comp. also Haft Iḳlim, No. 391 (coll. 404 and 405 in this Cat.); Butkhanâ, No. 30 (Bodleian Cat., coll. 199 and 200); Âtashkada, No. 754 (ib., col. 288); and Khulâṣat-alkalâm, No. 23 (ib., col. 297). This collection, which was written A.H. 866 and 867 (A.D. 1462), contains the following parts: A.<em>Centre-columns</em>. 1.Dîbâća (ديباچه), or prose-preface to the <em>third</em> dîwân, containing notices on the earlier Persian literature, and a detailed account of the poet’s life and works, beginning, on fol. 1<sup>b</sup>: انّ (الله (other copies اطلع اهلّة العزيز (الغرر other copies) من مطالع غرّة الكمال الخ غرّۀ كمال انسان از ديباچۀ حمد مخترعيست كه مطلع ديوان الخ. 2.Ghurrat-alkamâl (غرّة الكمال), or the poems of maturity, the <em>third</em> of Amîr Khusrau’s dîwâns (and the only one which is found complete in this copy); according to Rieu (ii. p. 610<sup>a</sup>) it contains the poems written between A.H. 685 and 693 (A.D. 1286-1294), but according to No. 754 in the Bodleian Cat. it was not completed before A.H. 702 (A.D. 1302, 1303), and the latter date seems more correct, as this diwân contains, among others, ḳaṣîdas in honour of ‘Alâ-aldîn Muḥammadshâh Khiljî, who reigned from A.H. 695 to 715 or 716 (A.D. 1296-1316). Beginning, on fol. 45<sup>b</sup>: چون آفتاب روشن توحید ذو الجلال بنمود رخ زمطلع اين غرّۀ كمال The various distichs of this initial poem, which is not found in other copies (except No. 2073, 1192 in this Cat.) in its complete form, serve as introduction to each of the following poems, and represent the various links of the chain or ‘silsilah’ which binds the separate ḳaṣîdas, etc. together (see Rieu ii. p. 609, and Bodleian Cat., col. 554). The first two baits appear as heading of the second ḳaṣîdah, on fol. 48<sup>a</sup>, which, in most other copies, is the first, beginning: چو زهره خاک مسکین را که توحید خدا گوید بدین آلودگی ذات مقدّس را ثنا گويد The third bait introduces the third ḳaṣîdah, on fol. 54<sup>a</sup>; the fourth bait the fourth ḳaṣidah, on fol. 60<sup>a</sup>; and so forth. This dîwân consists of ḳaṣîdas (ff. 45<sup>b</sup>-135<sup>b</sup>), tarji’bands (ff. 136<sup>a</sup>-145<sup>b</sup>), beginning as in No. 754 of the Bodleian Cat.: اى دل جا مانده خيز الخ, and muḳaṭṭa’ât (ff. 146<sup>a</sup>-164<sup>b</sup>), beginning likewise as in the Bodleian copy: هر كه گويد كه من از عقل الخ . Other copies in Rieu ii. pp. 610<sup>b</sup>, 613<sup>b</sup>, and 614<sup>a</sup>; Bodleian Cat., Nos. 754 and 755, and A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 468. 3.Ghazaliyyât (غزليّات), a collection of minor lyrical poems, gathered, as is usual in copies of Amîr Khusrau’s works, from all the four older dîwâns of the poet (see similar collections in Rieu, W. Pertsch, Bodleian Cat., G. Flügel, etc., loc. cit.), introduced by a ḳaṣîdah, beginning, on fol. 164<sup>b</sup>: حمد رانم بر زبان لله ربّ العالمين الخ. This is the initial poem of the <em>second</em> dîwân (وسط الحيوة); see the following copy and A. Sprenger, p. 468; and of the general ديوان امير خسرو in No. 1193 below, in Rieu ii. p. 614<sup>b</sup>, and Bodleian Cat., Nos. 758 and 759. From fol. 175<sup>b</sup> onwards they are arranged in alphabetical order; beginning of the first alphabetical ghazal: بشكافت غم اين ريش جگر خوارۀ ما را الخ. 4.Rubâ’iyyât (رباعيّات), on fol. 477<sup>b</sup>, beginning: صانع احدى كه ساخت نه چرخ كهن نى عقل رسد بكنه وصفش نه سخن This is the initial bait of the rubâ’îs of the <em>fourth </em>dîwân (بقيّۀ نقيّه) in No. 756 of the Bodleian Cat. and of the general selection from Khusrau’s dîwâns in No. 759 of the same. 5.Ḳirân-i-Sa’dain (قران سعدين), usually called Ḳirân-alsa’dain (قران السعدين), the conjunction of the two lucky planets, i.e. the meeting of Sulṭân Mu’izzaldîn Kaiḳubâd of Dihlî (who reigned from A.H. 686 to 689=A.D. 1287-1290, see col. 320 in this Cat.), with his father, Sulṭân Nâṣir-aldîn Bughrâkhân of Bangâlah, in A.H. 688 (A.D. 1289), at Dihlî; it was completed in the month of Ramaḍân, in the same year (A.D. 1289, Sept., October); comp. Rieu ii. pp. 611<sup>b</sup> and 612<sup>a</sup>; Bodleian Cat. Nos. 773-775; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 470; W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., pp. 838 and 839; Elliot, History of India, iii. pp. 524-534 (where extracts in English translation are given), and Cowell’s account of the poem in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1860, vol. 29, pp. 225-239. The mathnawî has been lithographed in Lucknow, A.H. 1259 and 1261 (the latter edition compiled by Maulawî Ḳudrat Aḥmad and accompanied with glosses). Three commentaries of the same are described in A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 471, one by Nûr-alḥaḳḳ, styled نور العين (see another copy in Rieu ii. p. 617<sup>b</sup>), and composed A.H. 1014 (A.D. 1605, 1606); another by ‘Abd-alrasûl Ḳâsim, and a third by an anonymous writer. Beginning of the mathnawî, on fol. 506<sup>a</sup>: حمد خداوند سرايم نخست تا شود اين نامه زنامش درست This is the third bait in most copies where two initial verses in a different metre are prefixed to the poem (beginning:شكر گويم كه بتوفيق خداوند جهان الخ). From fol. 506 to fol. 514<sup>a</sup> this poem is only written in the centre-columns, like the preceding parts, but from fol. 514<sup>b</sup> to the end (on fol. 520) also on the margin. B.<em>Margin-column</em>. 6.Maṭla’-alanwâr (مطلع الانوار), or the rising of the lights, a mystical mathnawî in imitation of Niżâmi’s Makhzan-alasrâr, being the <em>first</em> part of Amîr Khusrau’s Khamsah, and beginning, on fol. 1<sup>b</sup>: بسم الله الرّحمن الرّحيم - خطبۀ قدسست بملك قديم This poem was composed A.H. 698 (A.D. 1298, 1299), and dedicated, like the <em>second, third</em>, and <em>fifth</em> part of the Khamsah, to ‘Alâ-aldîn Muḥammadshâh (see above under No. 2). 7.Shîrîn u Khusrau (شيرين و خسرو), or the loves of Khusrau and Shîrîn, completed in the beginning of Rajab of the same year, A.H. 698 (A.D. 1299, 4th of April); it was written in imitation of Niżâmî’s Khusrau u Shîrîn and forms the <em>second</em> part of Amîr Khusrau’s Khamsah. Beginning, on fol. 91<sup>b</sup>: خداوندا دلم را چشم بگشاى – بمعراج يقينم راه بنماى 8.Majnûn u Lailâ ( مجنون و ليلى), or the loves of Lailâ and Majnûn, an imitation of Niżâmî’s Lailâ u Majnûn, forming the <em>third </em>part of Amîr Khusrau’s Khamsah. It was composed, like the two preceding poems, in A.H. 698, and begins, on fol. 203<sup>b</sup>: اى داده بدل خزينۀ راز – عقل از تو شده خزينه پرواز This poem has been printed in Calcutta 1811, 1818, and A.H. 1244 (A.D. 1828, 1829), in Lucknow A.H. 1286 (A.D. 1869); it is also published in Lumsden’s Persian Selections (Calcutta, 1828); Zenker (ii.550) cites besides an edition of 1848, without any specification of place. 9.Hash Bihisht (هشت بهشت), or the eight paradises, containing the love-adventures of Bahrâmgûr in imitation of Niżâmî’s Haft Paikar. It forms in some copies the <em>fourth</em> part of Amîr Khusrau’s Khamsah, in others the <em>fifth</em>, and was composed A.H. 701 (A.D. 1301, 1302). Beginning, on fol 274<sup>b</sup>: اى گشایندۀ خزائن جود – نقش پيوند كارگاه وجود 10.Â’ina-i-Iskandarî (آئينۀ اسكندرى), or the mirror of Alexander, composed A.H. 699 (A.D. 1299, 1300) in imitation of Niżâmî’s Iskandarnâma, and forming the <em>fifth</em> (or more commonly the <em>fourth</em>) part of Amîr Khusrau’s Khamsah. Beginning, on fol. 359<sup>b</sup>: جهان پادشاها خدائى تراست ازل تا ابد پادشاهى تراست Other copies of this Khamsah (besides the five described below in Nos. 1196-1200) are noticed in Bodleian Cat., Nos. 766-771; Rieu ii. pp. 611 (Nos. VII-XI) and 615 sq.; W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., pp. 834-838; A. Sprenger, Catal., pp. 468-470, etc. 11.Miftâḥ-alfutûḥ (مفتاح الفتوح), or the key of victories, a mathnawî in praise of the first campaigns of Sulṭân Jalâl-aldîn Fîrûzshâh, from his accession in A.H. 689 to his return to Dihlî in Jumâdâ II, A.H. 690 (A.D. 1290 to June 1291), completed immediately after the latter event; this poem was originally included in the <em>third</em> dîwân (غرّة الكمال), see Rieu ii. pp. 611<sup>a</sup> and 614<sup>a</sup>; Bodleian Cat. No. 754 (where it is styled فتح نامه), and No. 1190 below in this Cat. Beginning, on fol. 478<sup>b</sup>: سخن بر نام شاهى كردم آغاز كه بر شاهان در دولت كنم باز An account of this poem is given in Elliot, History of India, iii. pp. 536-544. The margins are left blank on ff. 285<sup>b</sup>, 378<sup>b</sup>, 379<sup>a</sup>, and 463<sup>b</sup>-472<sup>a</sup>. There are two dates, viz. 1st of Dhû-alḥijjah, A.H. 866 (A.D. 1462, Aug. 27), on fol. 91<sup>a</sup> margin, at the end of مطلع الانوار, and 8th of Ṣafar, A.H. 867 (A.D. 1462, Nov. 2), on fol. 359<sup>a</sup> margin, at the end of the هشت بهشت. No. 51, ff. 520, 2 centre-coll., each ll. 21, and a third on the margin, ll. 38; excellent Nasta’lîḳ; illuminated headings at the beginning of each part; size, 9½ in. by 6 in.