cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cp0p5
title: Data from: The morphometrics of “masculinity” in human faces

description: In studies of social inference and human mate preference, a wide but
 inconsistent array of tools for computing facial masculinity has been
 devised. Several of these approaches implicitly assumed that the
 individual expression of sexually dimorphic shape features, which we refer
 to as maleness, resembles facial shape features perceived as masculine. We
 outline a morphometric strategy for estimating separately the face shape
 patterns that underlie perceived masculinity and maleness, and for
 computing individual scores for these shape patterns. We further show how
 faces with different degrees of masculinity or maleness can be constructed
 in a geometric morphometric framework. In an application of these methods
 to a set of human facial photographs, we found that shape features
 typically perceived as masculine are wide faces with a wide inter-orbital
 distance, a wide nose, thin lips, and a large and massive lower face. The
 individual expressions of this combination of shape features—the
 masculinity shape scores—were the best predictor of rated masculinity
 among the compared methods (r = 0.5). The shape features perceived as
 masculine only partly resembled the average face shape difference between
 males and females (sexual dimorphism). Discriminant functions and
 Procrustes distances to the female mean shape were poor predictors of
 perceived masculinity.
description: Landmarks, stature, and
 masculinity ratings for 45 human facesFemales_21_70lms.txt: x
 and y coordinates of 70 landmarks measured on 21 female faces (21x140 data
 matrix) Males_24_70lms: x and y coordinates of 70 landmarks measured on 24
 male faces (24x140 data matrix) Scale_factor_females.txt: scale factor of
 landmark coordinates for the female faces. Scale_factor_males.txt: scale
 factor of landmark coordinates for the male faces.
 Body_height_males_cm.txt: Measures of stature for the 24 male individuals
 (in cm). Perceived_masculinity.txt: Average masculinity ratings for the 24
 male faces (range from 0 to 80).Landmarks_stature_rating.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.50hd2
title: Data from: Structural, compositional and trait differences between native and non-native dominated grassland patches

description: 1. Non-native species with growth forms that are different from the native
 flora may alter the physical structure of the area they invade, thereby
 changing the resources available to resident species. This in turn can
 select for species with traits suited for the new growing environment. 2.
 We used adjacent uninvaded and invaded grassland patches to evaluate
 whether the shift in dominance from a native perennial bunchgrass,
 Nassella pulchra, to the early season, non-native annual grass, Bromus
 diandrus, affects the physical structure, available light, plant community
 composition and community weighted trait means. 3. Our field surveys
 revealed that the exotic grass B. diandrus alters both the vertical and
 horizontal structure creating more dense continuous vegetative growth and
 dead plant biomass than patches dominated by N. pulchra. These differences
 in physical structure are responsible for a threefold reduction in
 available light and likely contribute to the lower diversity, especially
 of native forbs in B. diandrus dominated patches. Further, flowering time
 began earlier and seed size and plant height were higher in B. diandrus
 patches relative to N. pulchra patches. 4. Our results suggest that
 species that are better suited (taller, earlier phenology and larger seed
 size) for low light availability are those that coexist with B. diandrus
 and this is consistent with our hypothesis that change in physical
 structure with B. diandrus invasion is an important driver of community
 and trait composition. 5. The traits of species able to coexist with
 invaders are rarely considered when assessing community change following
 invasion, however this may be a powerful approach for predicting community
 change in environments with high anthropogenic pressures, such as
 disturbance and nutrient enrichment. It also provides a means for
 selecting species to introduce when trying to enhance native diversity in
 an otherwise invaded community.
description: Molinari_Abundance
 Metric and Trait DataThis file includes trait
 data (SLA, peak timing of flowering, plant height, seed size and weight)
 for all grasslands species encountered in our surveys. SLA was collected
 by sampling plants from the field, while other traits were acquired using
 field guides (mainly the Jepson Manual of Higher Plants). The abundance
 metric was calculated as the difference between the species'
 abundance in native (Nassella pulchra) and exotic (Bromus diandrus)
 dominated grasslands.Dryad_Final.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.befcnq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 383 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Leptecophylla oxycedrus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 383 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001330-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nv5cr00
title: Data from: Floral traits of mammal-pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae): implications for generalist-like pollination systems

description: Floral traits are adapted by plants to attract pollinators. Some of those
 plants that have different pollinators in different regions adapt to each
 pollinator in each region to maximize their pollination success. Mucuna
 macrocarpa (Fabaceae) limits the pollinators using its floral structure
 and is pollinated by different mammals in different regions. Here, we
 examine the relationships between floral traits of M. macrocarpa and the
 external morphology of mammalian pollinators in different regions of its
 distribution. Field surveys were conducted on Kyushu and Okinawajima
 Island in Japan, and in Taiwan, where the main pollinators are the
 Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata, Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus,
 and red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus, respectively. We
 measured the floral shapes, nectar secretion patterns, sugar components,
 and external morphology of the pollinators. Results showed that floral
 shape was slightly different among regions, and that flower sizes were not
 correlated with the external morphology of the pollinators. Volume and
 sugar rate of nectar was not significantly different among the three
 regions and did not change throughout the day in any of the regions.
 However, nectar concentration was higher in Kyushu than in the other two
 regions. These results suggest that the floral traits of M. macrocarpa are
 not adapted to each pollinator in each region. Although this plant limits
 the number of pollinators using its flower structure, it has not adapted
 to specific mammals, and may attract several species of mammals. Such
 generalist-like pollination system might have evolved in the Old World.
description: kobayashi_et_al._data.setkobayashi_et_al..zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.73kb7
title: Data from: Selection on the morphology-physiology-performance nexus: lessons from freshwater stickleback morphs

description: Conspecifics inhabiting divergent environments frequently differ in
 morphology, physiology and performance, but the interrelationships amongst
 traits and with Darwinian fitness remains poorly understood. We
 investigated population differentiation in morphology, metabolic rate and
 swimming performance in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus
 L.), contrasting a marine/ancestral population with two distinct
 freshwater morphotypes derived from it: the ‘typical’ low-plated morph,
 and a unique ‘small-plated’ morph. We test the hypothesis that similar to
 plate loss in other freshwater populations, reduction in lateral plate
 size also evolved in response to selection. Additionally, we test how
 morphology, physiology, and performance have evolved in concert as a
 response to differences in selection between marine and freshwater
 environments. We raised pure-bred second generation fish originating from
 three populations and quantified their lateral plate coverage, burst- and
 critical swimming speeds, as well as standard and active metabolic rates.
 Using a multivariate QST-FST framework, we detected signals of directional
 selection on metabolic physiology and lateral plate coverage, notably
 demonstrating that selection is responsible for the reduction of lateral
 plate coverage in a small-plated stickleback population. We also uncovered
 signals of multivariate selection amongst all bivariate trait combinations
 except the two metrics of swimming performance. Divergence between the
 freshwater and marine populations exceeded neutral expectation in
 morphology and in most physiological and performance traits, indicating
 that adaptation to freshwater habitats has occurred, but through different
 combinations of traits in different populations. These results highlight
 both the complex interplay between morphology, physiology and performance
 in local adaptation, and a framework for their investigation.
description: SMR, AMR & Swimming
 SpeedsIndividual phenotypes
 and pedigree information. Full data description can be found in the
 README.txtMorozov et al
 (2017).csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1rc64
title: Data from: Lecanora layana (Lecanoraceae), a new sorediate species widespread in temperate eastern North America

description: Lecanora layana is described as new to science based on collections from
 throughout temperate eastern North America. The species is sorediate and
 both morphologically and chemically similar to L. nothocaesiella,
 differing in the production of stictic acid in addition to atranorin and
 zeorin. As apothecia are unknown in L. layana, the hypothesized generic
 placement and relationship with L. nothocaesiella were confirmed with
 molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU sequence data.
description: Lecanora_layana_input_filesThis is a zipped folder containing the molecular data alignment input files used in the phylogenetic analyses for this study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.338tf52k
title: Data from: Colonization history and population genetics of the color-polymorphic Hawaiian happy-face spider Theridion grallator (Araneae, Theridiidae)

description: Past geological and climatological processes shape extant biodiversity. In
 the Hawaiian Islands these processes have provided the physical
 environment for a number of extensive adaptive radiations. Yet single
 species that occur throughout the islands provide some of the best cases
 for understanding how species respond to the shifting dynamics of the
 islands in the context of colonization history and associated demographic
 and adaptive shifts. Here we focus on the Hawaiian happy-face spider, a
 single color-polymorphic species, and use mitochondrial and nuclear
 allozyme markers to examine 1) how the mosaic formation of the landscape
 has dictated population structure, and 2) how cycles of expansion and
 contraction of the habitat matrix have been associated with demographic
 shifts, including a ‘quantum shift’ in the genetic basis of the color
 polymorphism. The results show a marked structure among populations
 consistent with the age progression of the islands. The finding of low
 genetic diversity on the youngest site coupled with the very high
 diversity of haplotypes on the slightly older substrates that are highly
 dissected by recent volcanism suggest that the mosaic structure of the
 landscape may play an important role in allowing differentiation of the
 adaptive color-polymorphism.
description: 20120318_Allozyme_dataPlease see the ReadMe file. The file 20120318_Allozyme_data conatins the allozyme data for this manuscript in text format. Archival locations for other data are described in the ReadMe file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s904k
title: Data from: Rapid identification of chloroplast haplotypes using High-Resolution Melting analysis

description: We have evaluated High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis as a method for
 one-step haplotype identification in phylogeographic analysis. Using two
 adjoined internal amplicons (c.360 and 390bp) at the chloroplast rps16
 intron (c.750bp) we applied HRM to identify haplotypes in 21 populations
 of two European arctic-alpine herb species Arenaria ciliata and A.
 norvegica (Caryophyllaceae). From 446 accessions studied, 20 composite
 rps16 haplotypes were identified by the melt-curve protocol, 18 of which
 could be identified uniquely. In a comparative sensitivity analysis with
 in silico PCR-RFLP, only 7 of these 20 haplotypes could be identified
 uniquely. Observed in vitro experimental HRM profiles were corroborated by
 in silico HRM analysis generated on uMeltSM. In silico mutation analysis
 carried out on a 360bp wild-type rps16I amplicon determined that the
 expected rate of missed SNP detection in vitro was similar to existing
 evaluations of HRM sensitivity, with transversion SNPs being more likely
 to go undetected compared to transition SNPs. Overall, pairwise melt peak
 differences between haplotypes were significantly correlated with genetic
 distance, and in vitro HRM successfully discriminated between all amplicon
 templates differing by 2 or more base changes (352 cases) and between 11
 pairs of amplicons where the only difference was a single transition or
 transversion SNP. Only one pairwise comparison yielded no discernable HRM
 curve difference between haplotypes, these differed by one transversion
 (C/G) SNP. HRM analysis represents an untapped resource in phylogeographic
 analysis, and with appropriate primer design any polymorphic locus is
 potentially amenable to this single-reaction method for haplotype
 identification.
description: Dang et al HRM Aligned
 rps16 sequencesAligned rps16 sequences
 for 20 haplotypes of Arenaria ciliata and A. norvegica (C01-c18, and
 N01-N02 resepctively). Alignment presented in fasta format and saved as
 .txt.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2bs408m
title: Data from: Parental care and sibling competition independently increase phenotypic variation among burying beetle siblings

description: Several recent hypotheses suggest that parental care can influence the
 extent of phenotypic variation within populations; however, there have
 been few tests of these ideas. We exploited the facultative nature of
 post-hatching parental care in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus
 vespilloides, to test whether parental care influences the expression of
 phenotypic variation in an important fitness trait (body size). We found
 that parental care and brood size (which influences sibling competition)
 had positive and independent effects on variation in body size. First, the
 mean coefficient of variation (CV) of body size was significantly greater
 in broods that received care than in those that did not. Second, CV body
 size increased with brood size in both parental care treatments. These
 results are not consistent with predictions from recent hypotheses that
 predict parental care will reduce phenotypic variation among siblings. The
 positive effects of parental care and brood size on phenotypic variation
 that we observed are likely due to sibling competition for access to
 provisioning parents and competition for limiting resources contained in
 the breeding carcass. Our results suggest that future theory linking
 parental care to the generation and maintenance of phenotypic variation
 must integrate the nature of interactions among family members.
description: parental care and
 variation in body size in N. vespilloides familiesThe dataset consists of
 7 columns: Column 1 is a unique identifier for the family. Column 2 is the
 mass of the breeding carcass in grams. Column 3 is the parental care
 treatment (Full = full care, No = no care). Column 4 is the number of
 larvae at dispersal (i.e. brood size). Column 5 is the mean ponotum width
 (in mm) of adults from each family. Column 6 is the standard deviation of
 pronotum width. Column 7 is the coefficient of variation of pronotum
 width.schrader_et_al_data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n4sc4
title: Data from: Transmissibility of the Ice Bucket Challenge among globally influential celebrities: retrospective cohort study

description: Objectives: To estimate the transmissibility of the Ice Bucket Challenge
 among globally influential celebrities and to identify associated risk
 factors. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Social media
 (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram). Participants: David Beckham,
 Cristiano Ronaldo, Benedict Cumberbatch, Stephen Hawking, Mark Zuckerberg,
 Oprah Winfrey, Homer Simpson, and Kermit the Frog were defined as index
 cases. We included contacts up to the fifth generation seeded from each
 index case and enrolled a total of 99 participants into the cohort. Main
 outcome measures: Basic reproduction number R0, serial interval of
 accepting the challenge, and odds ratios of associated risk factors based
 on fully observed nomination chains; R0 is a measure of transmissibility
 and is defined as the number of secondary cases generated by a single
 index in a fully susceptible population. Serial interval is the duration
 between onset of a primary case and onset of its secondary cases. Results:
 Based on the empirical data and assuming a branching process we estimated
 a mean R0 of 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.65) and a mean serial
 interval for accepting the challenge of 2.1 days (median 1 day). Higher
 log (base 10) net worth of the participants was positively associated with
 transmission (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.50),
 adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: The Ice Bucket Challenge was
 moderately transmissible among a group of globally influential
 celebrities, in the range of the pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza. The
 challenge was more likely to be spread by richer celebrities, perhaps in
 part reflecting greater social influence.
description: Ice Bucket Challenge
 analysis dataIBC_Analysis_data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rf025
title: Data from: A conifer–angiosperm divergence in the growth vs shade tolerance trade-off underlies the dynamics of a New Zealand warm-temperate rain forest

description: 1. A central tenet of forest ecology is that succession and regeneration
 dynamics are driven by an interspecific trade-off between juvenile growth
 rates in high light and shade tolerance. There is evidence, however, that
 a single trade-off axis may fail to explain the dynamics of mixed
 conifer-angiosperm rainforests in the southern hemisphere, especially in
 New Zealand. 2. We tested for growth vs shade tolerance trade-offs by
 measuring juvenile growth of five podocarps and five broadleaved canopy
 angiosperms across a wide range of light environments in a New Zealand
 warm-temperate rainforest. The light compensation point of growth was used
 as a measure of species light requirements, which we then compared with
 height growth in 10% light, approximating the environments encountered
 beneath small tree-fall gaps. 3. Despite considerable overlap between the
 ranges of both growth rates and compensation points found in the two
 lineages, major axis tests showed that the growth vs shade tolerance
 trade-off differed significantly between podocarp and angiosperm species.
 At a common compensation point, angiosperms were faster-growing than
 podocarps in 10% light. However, juveniles of these angiosperm species
 were notably scarce in the more open environments associated with forest
 margins. 4. Synthesis. A conifer–angiosperm divergence in the growth vs
 shade tolerance trade-off may explain long-standing problems of the
 dynamics of these forests. Although juveniles of most lowland podocarps
 can tolerate considerable shade, the more vigorous response of broadleaved
 angiosperms to small canopy openings enables them to out-compete podocarps
 in old-growth stands. The greater abundance of podocarp juveniles on
 forest margins cannot be attributed to them outcompeting angiosperm
 species where light is abundant, and is likely to reflect superior
 resistance to frost and/or drought. The drivers of the dynamics of New
 Zealand's podocarp–broadleaved forests therefore differ appreciably
 from those ascribed to tropical and north-temperate forests.
description: Growth data for New
 Zealand podocarp and angiosperm saplingsSapling growth of 10 New
 Zealand podocarp and angiosperm tree species in relation to light
 availability.Lusk data for
 Dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ct7h4ds
title: Data from: Telomere elongation during early development is independent of environmental temperatures in Atlantic salmon

description: There is increasing evidence from endothermic vertebrates that telomeres,
 which cap the ends of chromosomes and play an important role in chromosome
 protection, decline in length during postnatal life and are a useful
 indicator of physiological state and expected lifespan. However, much less
 is currently known about telomere dynamics in ectothermic vertebrates,
 which are likely to differ from that of endotherms, at least in part due
 to the sensitivity of ectotherm physiology to environmental temperature.
 We report here on an experiment in which Atlantic salmon were reared
 through the embryonic and larval stages of development, and under
 differing temperatures, in order to examine the effects of environmental
 temperature during early life on telomere dynamics, oxidative DNA damage
 and cellular proliferation. Telomere length significantly increased
 between the embryonic and larval stages of development. Contrary to our
 expectations, variation in telomere length at the end of the larval stage
 was unrelated to either cell proliferation rate or the relative level of
 oxidative DNA damage, and did not vary between the temperature treatments.
 This study suggests that salmon are able to restore the length of their
 telomeres during early development, which may possibly help to buffer
 potentially harmful environmental effects experienced in early life.
description: JEB embryo and larva
 RTLData contained in this
 spread sheet is relevant to all models outlined in the
 study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31156945
title: Supplementary Material for: Relapsing Intermediate Uveitis Following Resolved Syphilitic Retinitis in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report

description: We report a case of intermediate uveitis as a delayed immune-mediated relapse following the successful treatment of syphilitic retinitis in an HIV-positive individual. A 30-year-old HIV-positive man presented with decreased vision in his left eye. Examination revealed left eye granulomatous anterior uveitis with, vitritis, retinal vasculitis, and optic disc edema. The patient was diagnosed with syphilitic uveitis, reactive for rapid plasma reagin(RPR), and initiated on intravenous penicillin by the internist. Topical corticosteroids were initiated, and oral corticosteroids were added after one week. Over two months, the lesions resolved clinically with decreasing RPR titers. After two months of complete remission and tapering of therapy, the patient presented with renewed disc edema, macular edema, vitreous cells, and snowballs suggestive of intermediate uveitis. The RPR titers showed a decreasing pattern. The patient responded well to oral corticosteroids, indicating a likely immune-mediated relapse rather than reinfection. This case highlights the need for continued surveillance, even after clinical resolution.