cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018315
title: Methods for body composition analysis in obese adults

description: The analysis of body composition in obese individuals has been intensively discussed due to the methodological limitations of most measurement methods. The aim of this thematic section was to clarify the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of methods of body composition evaluation in obese adults. In addition to the measurement of body fat and fat-free mass, evaluation of specific patterns of body composition change, such as loss of both muscle and bone mass in obese individuals, is also of special scientific interest because they are used for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcopenic obesity. Although the use of multi-compartment models are gold-standard for the assessment of body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry may be used as a method of reference in scientific research and clinical practice. Studies indicate that magnetic resonance and computed tomography are, in some instances, strongly correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Other techniques present with limitations in assessing the body composition of obese individuals, especially when evaluating weight loss changes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018315.v1
title: Methods for body composition analysis in obese adults

description: The analysis of body composition in obese individuals has been intensively discussed due to the methodological limitations of most measurement methods. The aim of this thematic section was to clarify the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of methods of body composition evaluation in obese adults. In addition to the measurement of body fat and fat-free mass, evaluation of specific patterns of body composition change, such as loss of both muscle and bone mass in obese individuals, is also of special scientific interest because they are used for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcopenic obesity. Although the use of multi-compartment models are gold-standard for the assessment of body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry may be used as a method of reference in scientific research and clinical practice. Studies indicate that magnetic resonance and computed tomography are, in some instances, strongly correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Other techniques present with limitations in assessing the body composition of obese individuals, especially when evaluating weight loss changes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018316
title: Hematology and plasma biochemistry in rats fed with diets enriched with fatty fishes from Amazon region

description: OBJECTIVE: Rats fed diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon region had Hematology and plasma biochemistry analyzed. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group fed a standard diet; mapará group fed a diet enriched with Hypophthalmus edentatus; matrinxã group fed a diet enriched with Brycon spp.; and tambaqui group fed a diet enriched with Colossoma macropomum. After thirty days the rats had an red blood count and plasma biochemistry. RESULTS: Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were higher in rats fed tambaqui and matrinxã than in those fed the standard diet of mapará. However, mapará increased cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All fish-enriched diets reduced triacylglycerols. CONCLUSION: Diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon region reduce triacylglycerol and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, especially the diet enriched with tambaqui. Tambaqui and matrinxã affected hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, but not mapará. Further research is needed to determine the benefits of diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018316.v1
title: Hematology and plasma biochemistry in rats fed with diets enriched with fatty fishes from Amazon region

description: OBJECTIVE: Rats fed diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon region had Hematology and plasma biochemistry analyzed. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group fed a standard diet; mapará group fed a diet enriched with Hypophthalmus edentatus; matrinxã group fed a diet enriched with Brycon spp.; and tambaqui group fed a diet enriched with Colossoma macropomum. After thirty days the rats had an red blood count and plasma biochemistry. RESULTS: Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were higher in rats fed tambaqui and matrinxã than in those fed the standard diet of mapará. However, mapará increased cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All fish-enriched diets reduced triacylglycerols. CONCLUSION: Diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon region reduce triacylglycerol and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, especially the diet enriched with tambaqui. Tambaqui and matrinxã affected hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, but not mapará. Further research is needed to determine the benefits of diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018318
title: Methodological aspects in the development of research projects in Clinical Nutrition

description: This text aims to foster the reflection and criticism in the process of developing research projects in clinical nutrition. We present aspects regarding the evidence, validity, and reliability of results of studies in this field. Appropriate study planning is critical, from defining the design and type of experiment, going through the ethical aspects, population choice, and calculation of sample size, to the assessment of the feasibility of the risks involved in study execution. Once the information is collected, the next stages correspond to the description of the results, statistical analyses, verification of the consistency of these results, and ultimately their correct interpretation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018318.v1
title: Methodological aspects in the development of research projects in Clinical Nutrition

description: This text aims to foster the reflection and criticism in the process of developing research projects in clinical nutrition. We present aspects regarding the evidence, validity, and reliability of results of studies in this field. Appropriate study planning is critical, from defining the design and type of experiment, going through the ethical aspects, population choice, and calculation of sample size, to the assessment of the feasibility of the risks involved in study execution. Once the information is collected, the next stages correspond to the description of the results, statistical analyses, verification of the consistency of these results, and ultimately their correct interpretation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018319.v1
title: Diet quality assessment indexes

description: Various indices and scores based on admittedly healthy dietary patterns or food guides for the general population, or aiming at the prevention of diet-related diseases have been developed to assess diet quality. The four indices preferred by most studies are: the Diet Quality Index; the Healthy Eating Index; the Mediterranean Diet Score; and the Overall Nutritional Quality Index. Other instruments based on these indices have been developed and the words 'adapted', 'revised', or 'new version I, II or III' added to their names. Even validated indices usually find only modest associations between diet and risk of disease or death, raising questions about their limitations and the complexity associated with measuring the causal relationship between diet and health parameters. The objective of this review is to describe the main instruments used for assessing diet quality, and the applications and limitations related to their use and interpretation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018319
title: Diet quality assessment indexes

description: Various indices and scores based on admittedly healthy dietary patterns or food guides for the general population, or aiming at the prevention of diet-related diseases have been developed to assess diet quality. The four indices preferred by most studies are: the Diet Quality Index; the Healthy Eating Index; the Mediterranean Diet Score; and the Overall Nutritional Quality Index. Other instruments based on these indices have been developed and the words 'adapted', 'revised', or 'new version I, II or III' added to their names. Even validated indices usually find only modest associations between diet and risk of disease or death, raising questions about their limitations and the complexity associated with measuring the causal relationship between diet and health parameters. The objective of this review is to describe the main instruments used for assessing diet quality, and the applications and limitations related to their use and interpretation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018322
title: Associations among self-reported diabetes, nutritional status, and socio-demographic variables in community-dwelling older adults

description: Objective:The aim of this study was to describe relationships between self-reported diabetes mellitus and its treatment, according to demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as indicators of nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:This is a population-based and a cross-sectional study derived from the multicentric survey "Frailty in Brazilian Elderly". The random sample consisted of 881 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older from the city of Campinas. The self-reported variables were: age, gender, family income (minimum salaries), education (years of education); and absolute data (yes versusno) regarding unintentional weight loss and weight gain, diabetes, and its treatment. Anthropometric variables were collected by trained examiners following classic protocols. Body mass index was classified as: underweight &lt;23; normal weight ≥23 and &lt;28; overweight ≥28 and &lt;30; and obesity ≥30. Waist-to-hip ratio, indicator of abdominal adiposity, was classified according the metabolic risk, for male and female, respectively: low 0.90-0.95 and 0.80-0.85; moderate 0.96-1.00 and 0.86-0.90; and high &gt;1.00 and &gt;0.90.Results:The variables most associated with diabetes were obesity (OR=2.19), abdominal adiposity (OR=2.97), and unintentional weight loss (OR=3.38). The lack of diabetes treatment was associated with advanced age (p=0.027), lower educational level (p=0.005), and low metabolic risk (p=0.004).Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes was associated with obesity but mostly with abdominal adiposity and unintentional weight loss. Not being treated for diabetes mellituswas associated with advanced age, lower levels of education, and lower abdominal adiposity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018322.v1
title: Associations among self-reported diabetes, nutritional status, and socio-demographic variables in community-dwelling older adults

description: Objective:The aim of this study was to describe relationships between self-reported diabetes mellitus and its treatment, according to demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as indicators of nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:This is a population-based and a cross-sectional study derived from the multicentric survey "Frailty in Brazilian Elderly". The random sample consisted of 881 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older from the city of Campinas. The self-reported variables were: age, gender, family income (minimum salaries), education (years of education); and absolute data (yes versusno) regarding unintentional weight loss and weight gain, diabetes, and its treatment. Anthropometric variables were collected by trained examiners following classic protocols. Body mass index was classified as: underweight &lt;23; normal weight ≥23 and &lt;28; overweight ≥28 and &lt;30; and obesity ≥30. Waist-to-hip ratio, indicator of abdominal adiposity, was classified according the metabolic risk, for male and female, respectively: low 0.90-0.95 and 0.80-0.85; moderate 0.96-1.00 and 0.86-0.90; and high &gt;1.00 and &gt;0.90.Results:The variables most associated with diabetes were obesity (OR=2.19), abdominal adiposity (OR=2.97), and unintentional weight loss (OR=3.38). The lack of diabetes treatment was associated with advanced age (p=0.027), lower educational level (p=0.005), and low metabolic risk (p=0.004).Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes was associated with obesity but mostly with abdominal adiposity and unintentional weight loss. Not being treated for diabetes mellituswas associated with advanced age, lower levels of education, and lower abdominal adiposity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018325
title: Food intake in patients on hemodialysis

description: Objective:To evaluate the intake of energy and nutrients by individuals on hemodialysis, following especific recommendations for this population and according to Food Guide for the Brazilian Population.Methods: A cross-sectional study, 118 adult patients, considered stable from, ten dialysis centers in Goiânia, Goiás. Dietary intake was estimated by six 24-hour recalls, and classified as adequate or inadequate, according to specific recommendations for individuals undergoing dialysis and that recommended for a healthy diet. A descriptive analysis was performed.Results: Average dietary intake of 2022.40 ± 283.70 kcal/day; 31.18 kcal/kg/day; 55.03 ± 4.20% carbohydrate; 30.23 ± 3.71% lipid, 1.18 ± 0.23 g protein/kg/day. Important prevalences of inadequacy were observed for the intake of calories (39.0%), protein (39.0%) and other nutrients such as retinol (94.9%), saturated fat (87.3%), cholesterol (61,9%), iron (61.0%), potassium (60.2%) and zinc (45.0%). Patients had a low intake of fruit food group (1.22 ± 0.89 servings) and vegetables (1.76 ± 1.01 servings), dairy products (0.57 ± 0.43 servings) and high intake of food group of oils and fats (3.45 ± 0.95 servings), sugars and sweets (1.55 ± 0.77 servings).Conclusion: Observed food consumption imbalance, characterized by excess of oils and fats, especially saturated oils and cholesterol, sugars and sweets, parallel to low intake of fruits and vegetables and dairy products. A considerable percentage of patients did not intake the minimum recommended of calories, protein, retinol, iron, zinc and potassium.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018328
title: Effectiveness of nutritional intervention in overweight women in Primary Health Care

description: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in overweight women undergoing Primary Health Care.Methods: An intervention study was conducted with overweight adult and elderly women aged 20 years or older (body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m² and ≥27.0 kg/m², respectively) who were subjected to 12 months of individual nutritional monitoring. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by dietary, health, and anthropometric indicators.Results: Most of the 71 individuals were adults with a low income and poor level of education. After the intervention, there was an increase in number of meals and in the frequency of breakfasting. Moreover, there were more fruits and vegetables consumed, in addition to a decrease in household availability of salt, sugar, oil, and fried foods consumption. An improvement in health and weight self-perception was observed, as well as a decrease in body mass and abdominal adiposity, in particular among those participating in several consultations (n &gt;9).Conclusion: The proposed nutritional intervention was effective and viable for improving the care of overweight individuals and those suffering from destabilized comorbidities, and may be extended to other contexts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018328.v1
title: Effectiveness of nutritional intervention in overweight women in Primary Health Care

description: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in overweight women undergoing Primary Health Care.Methods: An intervention study was conducted with overweight adult and elderly women aged 20 years or older (body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m² and ≥27.0 kg/m², respectively) who were subjected to 12 months of individual nutritional monitoring. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by dietary, health, and anthropometric indicators.Results: Most of the 71 individuals were adults with a low income and poor level of education. After the intervention, there was an increase in number of meals and in the frequency of breakfasting. Moreover, there were more fruits and vegetables consumed, in addition to a decrease in household availability of salt, sugar, oil, and fried foods consumption. An improvement in health and weight self-perception was observed, as well as a decrease in body mass and abdominal adiposity, in particular among those participating in several consultations (n &gt;9).Conclusion: The proposed nutritional intervention was effective and viable for improving the care of overweight individuals and those suffering from destabilized comorbidities, and may be extended to other contexts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018327
title: Research in Clinical Nutrition in Brazil

description: This essay intends to make a first approach to Clinical Nutrition research. We consider the gap that exists between information and debates about epistemological elements and about interests that mark this activity inside the scientific Field of Food and Nutrition in Brazil. The multidimensional character of the food-nutrition field is presented with its strong brand identity and motive of distinction. However, research in Clinical Nutrition is characterized by the biomedical perspective that focuses emphatically on metabolism and disease, excluding the social relationships and intersubjectivity of the studies that centre on nutrition and ignore food. The relief from suffering requires understanding interpersonal relationships in society. Both from the methodological and epistemological viewpoints, biomedicine is not capable of encompassing the entirety of the human life phenomenon. For these reasons, Human and Social Sciences can provide an interdisciplinary contribution to the Field of Food and Nutrition, in the sense of instrumenting innovative studies conceptually and methodologically. Such perspectives can bring to light the subjective dimensions of human illness that correspond to the essential subject of study for Clinical Nutrition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018327.v1
title: Research in Clinical Nutrition in Brazil

description: This essay intends to make a first approach to Clinical Nutrition research. We consider the gap that exists between information and debates about epistemological elements and about interests that mark this activity inside the scientific Field of Food and Nutrition in Brazil. The multidimensional character of the food-nutrition field is presented with its strong brand identity and motive of distinction. However, research in Clinical Nutrition is characterized by the biomedical perspective that focuses emphatically on metabolism and disease, excluding the social relationships and intersubjectivity of the studies that centre on nutrition and ignore food. The relief from suffering requires understanding interpersonal relationships in society. Both from the methodological and epistemological viewpoints, biomedicine is not capable of encompassing the entirety of the human life phenomenon. For these reasons, Human and Social Sciences can provide an interdisciplinary contribution to the Field of Food and Nutrition, in the sense of instrumenting innovative studies conceptually and methodologically. Such perspectives can bring to light the subjective dimensions of human illness that correspond to the essential subject of study for Clinical Nutrition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018330
title: Away-from-home meals: Prevalence and characteristics in a metropolis

description: Objective: This study aimed to characterize away-from-home meals.Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study measured dietary intake by administering 24-hour recalls by telephone. Away-from-home breakfast, lunch, and dinner were described and characterized according to the foods that contribute most to the intake of energy, fat, sodium, and added sugar permeal.Results: f the 834 respondents, 24% had had at least one meal away from home. The average energy intake per away-from-home meal was 628 kcal (±101 kcal), about 35% of the average daily intake for this population. Meals contained both healthy foods, such as rice, beans, and fish, and unhealthy foods, such as soft drinks, snacks, sandwiches, and pizza.Conclusion: Individuals who ate away from home had worse diets. However, the presence of healthy foods indicates a possibility of improvement if purposeful programmatic actions are taken.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018330.v1
title: Away-from-home meals: Prevalence and characteristics in a metropolis

description: Objective: This study aimed to characterize away-from-home meals.Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study measured dietary intake by administering 24-hour recalls by telephone. Away-from-home breakfast, lunch, and dinner were described and characterized according to the foods that contribute most to the intake of energy, fat, sodium, and added sugar permeal.Results: f the 834 respondents, 24% had had at least one meal away from home. The average energy intake per away-from-home meal was 628 kcal (±101 kcal), about 35% of the average daily intake for this population. Meals contained both healthy foods, such as rice, beans, and fish, and unhealthy foods, such as soft drinks, snacks, sandwiches, and pizza.Conclusion: Individuals who ate away from home had worse diets. However, the presence of healthy foods indicates a possibility of improvement if purposeful programmatic actions are taken.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018333
title: Functional health literacy and healthy eating: Understanding the brazilian food guide recommendations

description: Objective: To assess the relationship between the functional health literacy of Unified Heath System users and the understanding of food servings in the pocket version of the Brazilian Food Guide.Methods: Functional health literacy was assessed by the Brief Test of functional health literacy.Two dialogue rounds were conducted with patients with adequate functional health literacy (Group 1) and inadequate functional health literacy (Group 2). The dialogues were recorded and analyzed according to the discourse of the collective subject.Results: Most (58.0%) users had inadequate functional health literacy. Five core areas were identified: understands serving sizes; does not understand serving sizes; serving sizes are confusing; unfamiliar/uncommon foods; small letters. Group 2 had more trouble understanding.Conclusion: Difficulty understanding hinders health promotion. Individuals need to have access to educational materials that are easier to understand and developed taking their functional health literacy into account.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20018333.v1
title: Functional health literacy and healthy eating: Understanding the brazilian food guide recommendations

description: Objective: To assess the relationship between the functional health literacy of Unified Heath System users and the understanding of food servings in the pocket version of the Brazilian Food Guide.Methods: Functional health literacy was assessed by the Brief Test of functional health literacy.Two dialogue rounds were conducted with patients with adequate functional health literacy (Group 1) and inadequate functional health literacy (Group 2). The dialogues were recorded and analyzed according to the discourse of the collective subject.Results: Most (58.0%) users had inadequate functional health literacy. Five core areas were identified: understands serving sizes; does not understand serving sizes; serving sizes are confusing; unfamiliar/uncommon foods; small letters. Group 2 had more trouble understanding.Conclusion: Difficulty understanding hinders health promotion. Individuals need to have access to educational materials that are easier to understand and developed taking their functional health literacy into account.