DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffqn
title: Ecuadorian Dendrobatid frog alkaloid profiles

description: Shifts in microbiome community composition can have large effects on host
 health. It is therefore important to understand how perturbations, like
 those caused by the introduction of exogenous chemicals, modulate
 microbiome community composition. In poison frogs within the family
 Dendrobatidae, the skin microbiome is exposed to the alkaloids that the
 frogs sequester from their diet and use for defense. Given the
 demonstrated antimicrobial effects of these poison frog alkaloids, these
 compounds may be structuring the skin microbial community. To test this,
 we first characterized microbial communities from chemically defended and
 closely related non-defended frogs from Ecuador. Then we conducted a
 laboratory experiment to monitor the effect of the alkaloid
 decahydroquinoline (DHQ) on the microbiome of a single frog species. In
 both the field and lab experiments, we found that alkaloid-exposed
 microbiomes are more species rich and phylogenetically diverse, with an
 increase in rare taxa. To better understand the strain-specific behavior
 in response to alkaloids, we cultured microbial strains from poison frog
 skin and found the majority of strains exhibited either enhanced growth or
 were not impacted by the addition of DHQ. Additionally, stable isotope
 tracing coupled to nanoSIMS suggests that some of these strains are able
 to metabolize DHQ. Taken together, these data suggest that poison frog
 chemical defenses open new niches for skin-associated microbes with
 specific adaptations, including the likely metabolism of alkaloids, that
 enable their survival in this toxic environment. This work helps expand
 our understanding of how exposure to exogenous compounds like alkaloids
 can impact host microbiomes. Other data related to this manuscript can be
 found in the following locations: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzd5,
 Wild dendrobatid frog microbiomes -
 bacteriahttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gxd2547t1, Oophaga sylvatica
 decahydroquinoline quantificationhttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffqn,
 Ecuadorian Dendrobatid frog alkaloid
 profileshttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tdz08kq62, Feeding experiment
 microbiome - bacteriahttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m90hn, Feeding
 experiment microbiome - fungihttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhzc,
 Poison frog microbiome metagenomics
 datahttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqrm, Wild dendrobatid microbiomes
 – fungi
description: # Ecuadorian Dendrobatid frog alkaloid profiles
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffqn](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffqn) Alkaloid GC-MS data from frog samples. GC-MS analysis was performed on a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2020 instrument with a Shimadzu 30m x 0.25 mmID SH-Rxi-5Sil MS column. The GC-MS data files were exported as CDF files and the Global Natural Products Social Network (GNPS) was used to perform the deconvolution and library searching against the AMDIS (NIST) database to identify all compounds ([https://gnps.ucsd.edu](https://gnps.ucsd.edu/)). The Shimadzu LabSolutions GCMS software was used to generate the CDF files, but they can also be opened with publicly available software MZmine 3: [http://mzmine.github.io/](http://mzmine.github.io/) along with other similar open-source software. ## Sample Metadata See file `Alkaloid_metadta.csv` * **filename**: Name of GCMS file * **ATTRIBUTE_species**: Frog species * **ATTRIBUTE_population**: Frog geographic location * **ATTRIBUTE_expectedToxicity**: Assumed toxicity based on prior knowledge before sampling. May not represent findings from analyses. * **ATTRIBUTE_cryptic**: Coloration, either bold or cryptic * **ATTRIBUTE_frogID**: Frog identifier. Used to link to other data sets * **ATTRIBUTE_sex**: Frog sex. Entries with question marks denote uncertainty, generally meaning ovaries or testes were not found but appearance suggests the indicated sex.  * **ATTRIBUTE_weight**: Frog weight in grams. Blanks correspond to measurements not taken.  * **ATTRIBUTE_Svlength**: Frog snout to vent length in millimeters. Blanks correspond to measurements not taken.  Other data related to this manuscript can be found in the following locations: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzd5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5qfttdzd5), Wild dendrobatid frog microbiomes - bacteria\ [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gxd2547t1](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gxd2547t1), Oophaga sylvatica decahydroquinoline quantification\ [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffqn](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffqn), Ecuadorian Dendrobatid frog alkaloid profiles\ [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tdz08kq62](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tdz08kq62), Feeding experiment microbiome - bacteria\ [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m90hn](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m90hn), Feeding experiment microbiome - fungi\ [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhzc](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhzc), Poison frog microbiome metagenomics data\ [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqrm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqrm), Wild dendrobatid microbiomes – fungi