cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np5hqbzp3
title: The lion's mane: sexual and natural selection on pollen morphology in Taraxacum

description: Premise of the study: Spiny pollen has evolved independently in multiple
 entomophilous lineages. Sexual selection may act on exine traits that
 facilitate male mating success by influencing the transfer of pollen from
 the anther to the body of the pollinator, while natural selection acts to
 increase pollen survival. We postulated that relative to sexual congeners,
 apomictic dandelions undergo relaxed selection on traits associated with
 male mating success. Methods: We explored sexual selection on exine traits
 by measuring the propensity for Taraxacum spp. pollen to attach to hairs
 of flower-visiting bumblebees (Bombus spp.) or flies (Diptera: Syrphidae
 and Muscoidea), and assessed natural selection by testing whether pollen
 traits defend against consumption. Key Results: Pollen picked up by
 bumblebees exhibited a narrower subset of spine spacing phenotypes,
 consistent with stabilizing selection. Flies picked up larger pollen from
 flowers than expected at random. Surveys of corbiculae (pollen basket)
 contents from foraging bumblebees and feces of flies showed that pollen
 consumed by both kinds of visitors is similar in spine characteristics and
 size to pollen produced by the donor. When bees visit inflorescences of
 apomictic T. officinale, they pick up pollen with spine spacing phenotypes
 above the mean and shifted towards those of sexual T. ceratophorum.
 Conclusions: We demonstrate that traits under sexual selection during
 pollen pickup vary among pollinators, while natural selection for pollen
 defense is nil in T. ceratophorum. In hybrid zones between apomictic and
 sexual dandelions, pollen traits place apomictic donors at a dispersal
 disadvantage, potentially reinforcing reproductive isolation.
description: See manuscript for details
description: Check the ReadMe text file for information on what the column
 headers mean.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jx34rn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2344 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Canis lupus baileyi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2344 records from 26 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001968-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kd6k
title: Phylogeography, more than elevation, accounts for sex-chromosome differentiation in Swiss populations of the common frog (Rana temporaria)

description: Sex chromosomes in vertebrates range from highly heteromorphic (as in most
 birds and mammals) to strictly homomorphic (as in many fishes, amphibians,
 and non-avian reptiles). Reasons for these contrasted evolutionary
 trajectories remain unclear, but species such as common frogs with
 polymorphism in the extent of sex-chromosome differentiation may
 potentially deliver important clues. By investigating 92 common-frog
 populations from a wide range of elevations throughout Switzerland, we
 show that sex-chromosome differentiation strongly correlates with alleles
 at the candidate sex-determining gene Dmrt1. Y-specific Dmrt1 haplotypes
 cluster into two main haplogroups, YA and YB, with a phylogeographic
 signal that parallels mtDNA haplotypes: YA populations, with mostly
 well-differentiated sex chromosomes, occur primarily south of the main
 alpine ridge that bisects Switzerland, while YB populations, with mostly
 undifferentiated (proto-)sex chromosomes, occur north of this ridge.
 Elevation has only a marginal effect, opposing previous suggestions of a
 major role for climate on sex-chromosome differentiation. The Y-haplotype
 effect might result from differences in the penetrance of alleles at the
 sex-determining locus (such that sex reversal and ensuing X-Y
 recombination are more frequent in YB populations), and/or fixation of an
 inversion on YA (as supported by the empirical observation that YA
 haplotypes might not recombine in XYA females).
description: Adult frogs (Rana temporaria) were phenotypically sexed and DNA
 was collected from buccal swabs. Juvenile samples were collected as eggs,
 hatched in the lab, and euthanized for DNA extraction. Genetic data is
 from 3 panels of microsatellites on Chr01, inside and outside the
 candidate sex-determining gene (<em>Dmrt1</em>). Alleles were
 called in GeneMapper 4.0 (Fisher Scientific), and Y haplotypes
 (<em>Dmrt</em>) were defined by comparing sexed adult samples.
 Differentiated vs. undifferentiated chromosomes were called via
 a threshold of Y-like alleles across Chr01
 (outside <em>Dmrt</em>), in individuals with
 a <em>Dmrt-</em>Y genotype. 
description: Missing and null alleles are coded as 0. Other missing data is
 coded as NA. In the column 'Genotype', XYA0 and XYB0 indicate
 undifferentiated (by the threshold method) Y chromosomes with the
 corresponding Dmrt-Y haplotype; XYA and XYB indicate differentiated Y
 chromosomes with the corresponding Dmrt-Y haplotype; XX indicates no
 Dmrt-Y haplotype is present.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69p8cz8x8
title: Digest: Does sexual conflict complicate a trade‐off between fecundity and survival?

description: Why do some species exhibit apparently suboptimal combinations of life
 history traits? In a comparative study of lizard species, Reedy
 et al. (2019) test the idea that variation in the trade‐off
 between fecundity and survival can be explained by sexual conflict. Their
 results show that degree of sexual conflict alone cannot explain this
 variation, and they found a positive correlation between trade‐off
 optimality and the size of males relative to females. These findings
 suggest a more complicated picture of the fecundity‐survival trade‐off,
 possibly involving a third, unknown source of selective pressure. This
 article corresponds to Reedy, A.M., Evans, W.J., Cox, R.M., 2019. Sexual
 dimorphism explains residual variance around the survival‐reproduction
 tradeoff in lizards: implications for sexual conflict over life‐history
 evolution. Evolution.
 doi: 10.1111/evo.13799.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evo.13799
description: R script to generate simulated data and figures (1a and 1b).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2ftd
title: Magnetic resonance imaging reveals human brown adipose tissue is rapidly activated in response to cold

description: Context. In rodents, cold exposure induces the activation of brown adipose
 tissue (BAT) and the induction of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG)
 lipolysis. However, in humans, the kinetics of supraclavicular (SCV) BAT
 activation and the potential importance of TAG stores remain poorly
 defined. Objective. To determine the time course of BAT activation and
 changes in intracellular TAG using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 assessment of the SCV (i.e. BAT depot) and fat in the posterior neck
 region (i.e. non BAT). Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Clinical research
 centre. Patients or Other Participants. Twelve healthy male volunteers
 ages 18-29 years [BMI=24.7±2.8kg/m2 and body fat percentage = 25.0±7.4%
 (both mean±SD)]. Intervention(s). Standardized whole-body cold exposure
 (180 minutes at 18°C) and immediate re-warming (30 minutes at 32°C). Main
 Outcome Measure(s). Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* of the SCV
 and posterior neck fat pads. Acquisitions occurred at 5-15 minute
 intervals during cooling and subsequent warming. Results. SCV PDFF
 declined significantly after only 10 minutes of cold exposure [-1.6%
 (standard error (SE) 0.44%), p=0.007) and continued to decline until 35
 minutes after which time it remained stable until 180 minutes. A similar
 time course was also observed for SCV T2*. In the posterior neck fat
 (non-BAT) there were no cold-induced changes in PDFF or T2*. Re-warming
 did not result in a change in SCV PDFF or T2*. Conclusions. The rapid
 cold-induced decline in SCV PDFF suggests that in humans, BAT is activated
 quickly in response to cold and that TAG is a primary substrate.
description: Consistent with the research ethics board, data was collected
 from human study participants after informed consent.  It was collected at
 2 study visits as described in the manuscript.
  
description: The data are the supplementary files of the affiliated
 manuscript.
DOI: 10.5068/d1xh3r
title: Association of EGLN1 gene with high aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua at high altitude

description: Highland native Andeans have resided at altitude for millennia. They
 display high aerobic capacity (VO2max) at altitude and this may be a
 reflection of genetic adaptation to chronic hypoxia. Previous genome-wide
 (GW) scans for natural selection have nominated EGLN1 as a candidate gene.
 The encoded protein, EGLN1/PHD2, is an O2 sensor that controls levels of
 the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-a (HIF-a), which regulates the cellular
 response to hypoxia. From GWAS and ANCOVA performed on a total sample that
 included n=429 Peruvian Quechua and n=94 US lowland referents, we
 identified five EGLN1 SNPs associated with higher VO2max (l.min-1 and
 ml.min-1.kg-1) in hypoxia (rs1769793, rs2064766, rs2437150, rs2491403,
 rs479200). For four of these SNPs, Quechua had the highest frequency of
 the advantageous (high VO2max) allele compared to 25 diverse lowland
 comparison populations from the 1000 Genomes project. Genotype effects
 were substantial with high versus low VO2max genotype categories differing
 by ~11% (e.g., for rs1769793 SNP genotype TT=34.2 ml.min-1.kg-1 versus
 CC=30.5 ml.min-1.kg-1). To guard against spurious association, we
 controlled for population stratification. Also, findings were replicated
 for EGLN1 SNP rs1769793 in an independent Andean sample collected in 2002.
 These findings contextualize previous reports of natural selection at
 EGLN1 in Andeans, and support the hypothesis that natural selection has
 increased the frequency of an EGLN1 causal variant that enhances O2
 delivery or use during exercise at altitude in Peruvian Quechua.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3gn
title: Data from: Optimizing genomic selection for blight resistance in American chestnut backcross populations: a tradeoff with American chestnut ancestry implies resistance is polygenic

description: American chestnut was once a foundation species of eastern North American
 forests, but was rendered functionally extinct in the early 20th century
 by an exotic fungal blight (Cryphonectria parasitica). Over the past 30
 years, The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) has pursued backcross
 breeding to generate hybrids that combine the timber-type form of American
 chestnut with the blight resistance of Chinese chestnut based on a
 hypothesis of major gene resistance. To accelerate selection within two
 backcross populations that descended from two Chinese chestnuts, we
 developed genomic prediction models for five presence/absence blight
 phenotypes of 1,230 BC3F2 selection candidates and average canker severity
 of their BC3F3 progeny. We also genotyped pure Chinese and American
 chestnut reference panels to estimate the proportion of BC3F2 genomes
 inherited from parent species. We found that genomic prediction from a
 method that assumes an infinitesimal model of inheritance (HBLUP) has
 similar accuracy to a method that tends to perform well for traits
 controlled by major genes (Bayes C). Furthermore, the proportion of BC3F2
 trees’ genomes inherited from American chestnut was negatively correlated
 with the blight resistance of these trees and their progeny. On average,
 selected BC3F2 trees inherited 83% of their genome from American chestnut
 and have blight resistance that is intermediate between F1 hybrids and
 American chestnut. Results suggest polygenic inheritance of blight
 resistance. The blight resistance of restoration populations will be
 enhanced through recurrent selection, by advancing additional sources of
 resistance through fewer backcross generations, and by potentially by
 breeding with transgenic blight-tolerant trees.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjfr
title: Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls

description: Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding
 dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including
 competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and
 trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions
 within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding
 dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually-marked Northern
 Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) monitored over 28 years on seven
 study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex,
 experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and
 environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of
 variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal
 distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events less than
 37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and
 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with
 increases in annual detections of non-native Barred Owl (S. varia).
 Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals,
 also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of
 3.26 km and 3.10 km respectively), and birds with less experience
 (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls
 that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than
 those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change
 occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl
 populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred
 Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory.
 While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of
 breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from
 Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased
 breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts
 and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal
 behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from
 historic study areas.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dv41ns1th
title: Data from: Measuring the magnitude of morphological integration: the effect of differences in morphometric representations and the inclusion of size

description: The magnitude of morphological integration is a major aspect of
 multivariate evolution, providing a simple measure of the intensity of
 association between morphological traits. Studies concerned with
 morphological integration usually translate phenotypes into morphometric
 representations to quantify how different morphological elements covary.
 Geometric and classic morphometric representations translate biological
 form in different ways, raising the question if magnitudes of
 morphological integration estimates obtained from different morphometric
 representations are compatible. Here we sought to answer this question by
 using the relative eigenvalue variance of the covariance matrix obtained
 for both geometric and classical representations of empirical and
 simulated datasets. We quantified the magnitude of morphological
 integration for both shape and form and compared results between
 representations. Furthermore, we compared integration values between shape
 and form to evaluate the effect of the inclusion or not of size on the
 quantification of the magnitude of morphological integration. Results show
 that the choice of morphological representation has significant impact on
 the integration magnitude estimate, either for shape or form. Despite
 this, ordination of the integration values within representations is
 relatively the same, allowing for similar conclusions to be reached using
 different methods. However, the inclusion of size in the dataset
 significantly changes the estimates of magnitude of morphological
 integration, hindering the comparison of this statistic obtained from
 different spaces (shape or form). Morphometricians should be aware of
 these differences and must consider how biological hypothesis translate
 into predictions about integration in each particular choice of
 representation.
description: Ws.Rdata - Contains names of objects follows: <br> 1)
 W_(representation)_(with or without size)- W matrices for all species on
 all representations.<br> 2) W_bar- pooled within-group Geometric
 Morphometric (with log centroid size) covariance for the full
 sample.<br> 3) consensus-  the consensus shape for the full
 dataset.<br> 4) msize- mean log(centroid size)<br> 5) dists-
 vector of interlandmark distances names<br> 6) landmarks - vector of
 landmark names script.R - script necessary to reproduce
 simulation results
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18393868
title: Z-Scanner: Geant4 Monte Carlo Dataset for Dual-Parameter Proton Tomography (BL4S 2026)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mcvdncjwb
title: Flight responses of eastern grey kangaroos to benign or harmful human behaviour

description: Globally, wilderness is being converted for rural and agricultural land
 use. In countryside landscapes, many habitat structures remain intact,
 providing suitable habitat for wildlife species that can accurately assess
 novel risks and develop tolerance to benign disturbances. Associative
 learning that promotes avoidance and also facilitate desensitisation to
 benign disturbance is key to persisting in these landscapes. Conversely,
 learning to distinguish and avoid negative interactions with humans, like
 hunting, is vital. To determine if eastern grey kangaroos are capable of
 learning from previous interactions with humans, we tested the flight
 responses of wild kangaroos which have previously experienced either low
 or high frequencies of harmful and benign encounters with humans. We found
 that eastern grey kangaroos rapidly habituated to benign disturbance as
 there was no significant difference in assessment distance between groups
 that previously experienced low or high frequencies of disturbance. The
 threat of harmful disturbances was not as quickly learnt, as groups that
 experienced low frequencies of harmful disturbance delayed flight longer
 than those experiencing frequent harm. We found that the influence of
 environmental and group parameters on a kangaroo’s decision to flee
 depended on the intent and frequency of previous interactions with humans.
 Our study indicates that kangaroos are learning from previous encounters
 with humans, correctly assessing novel risks which may be a contributing
 to their persistence in countryside landscapes.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18393867
title: Z-Scanner: Geant4 Monte Carlo Dataset for Dual-Parameter Proton Tomography (BL4S 2026)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fjt
title: Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails

description: Endemic organisms of ancient lakes have been studied as models to
 understand processes of speciation and adaptive radiation. However, it
 remains unclear how ancient lakes play roles in genetic and phenotypic
 diversity of freshwater mollusks. In the present study, we focus on
 viviparid freshwater snails in the ancient lakes of East and Southeast
 Asia (Japan and China) to address this question. Using molecular
 phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear genes
 (18S, 28S, H3), we show that patterns of species diversification in
 viviparid lineages. Colonization to ancient lake occurred independently in
 China and Japan at least four times, with subsequent diversification into
 more than two species within each lake group. Morphological analyses of
 fossil related viviparids suggest parallel phenotypic evolution occurred
 in the different lakes and ages. Each lake contained a single lineage,
 which was phenotypically diversified relative to those from other sites.
 Using genome-wide SNPs obtained by MIG-seq, we also examined the genetic
 structure of three Japanese viviparids, including two endemic species of
 ancient Lake Biwa. The results suggest that these two species diversified
 from the population of the third species living in wetlands surrounding
 the lake. These findings suggest that rapid diversification of lineages
 and phenotypic divergence can occur in ancient lakes compared to other
 habitats. Formation of large lakes likely promotes speciation and
 phenotypic divergence as a result of adaptation into different
 microhabitats. High numbers of ancient lakes could be a driver of species
 diversity in Asian viviparid snails.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4b9w
title: Denoised brains of the OASIS dataset post-classification

description: These brains have been classified by IVAM and denoised using an Ising model.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xksn02vbc
title: Grazing intensity significantly changes the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems

description:   Aim: Livestock grazing can alter carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and
 phosphorus (P) cycles, thereby affecting the
 C:N:P stoichiometry in grasslands. In this
 study, we aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms for the impacts of
 grazing intensity
 on grassland C:N:P stoichiometry, especially
 for the belowground processes and their linkages with aboveground
 vegetation properties. Location: Global. Time period: 1900-2018. Major
 taxa studied: Grassland ecosystems. Methods: Here, we
 conducted a meta-analysis based on 129 published studies to synthesize the
 effects of grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves,
 stems, litter, roots, microbial biomass, and soil
 in grassland ecosystems. Results: Grazing significantly
 affected the C, N and P pools, and then the
 C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems. Grazing effects on C:N:P stoichiometry varied strongly with grazing intensity. Specifically, heavy grazing decreased all C:N:P stoichiometry except litter N:P and root C:N ratios, while light and moderate grazing exhibited the less negative or positive effects. Grazing effects on litter C:N ratio were negatively correlated with grazing effects on soil C:N ratios under light and moderate grazing, but this relationship was positive under heavy grazing. In contrast, the correlation between grazing effect on root C:P and soil C:P was positive under light and moderate grazing but negative under heavy grazing. Importantly, grazing significantly decreased soil N pool by 10.0% but increased P pools by 3.6%, indicating differential mechanisms for grazing impact on N and P cycles in grasslands. Main conclusions: The divergent effects of light, moderate, and heavy grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry highlight the importance of grazing intensity in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P by accelerating plant nutrient use efficiency and inducing changes in soil physicochemical processes in grassland ecosystems. Therefore, incorporating grazing intensity into Earth system models may improve predictions of climate-grassland feedbacks in the Anthropocene.
description: We searched for peer-reviewed papers published before June 2018
 in Web of Science and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI)
 with the combinations of search terms as: (grazing OR herbivory OR
 defoliation) and (C:N OR C:P OR N:P OR C:N:P) and (grassland OR pasture OR
 meadow) to compile the dataset.