cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112377
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112377 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.eamkxg
title: Distributed Least Absolute Deviations Estimation

description: Distributed algorithms are essential for reducing communication costs, computational com- plexity, and memory requirements while performing collaborative estimation using multi-agent systems. Additionally, robustness in estimators is important to prevent performance degradation when the measurement noise is non-Gaussian. Least Absolute Deviations (LAD) estimators are known to be robust in the presence of gross errors or outliers in the measurements. To this end, we develop the Distributed Least Absolute Deviations (D-LAD) estimator for linear systems whereby the agents iteratively exchange information with their immediate neighbors via single-hop communications to gain a network-wide consensus on the estimates. Addition- ally, the D-LAD algorithm is implemented in a nonlinear framework to solve the problem of distributed orbit determination of a target body using a formation of spacecraft. Numerical sim- ulations demonstrating the effectiveness of the D-LAD estimator in solving linear and nonlinear estimation problems in the presence of measurement outliers are provided.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112378
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112378 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112379
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112379 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112380
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112380 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ciixve
title: Evaluating European ECOSTRESS Hub Evapotranspiration Products Retrieved from Three Structurally Contrasting SEB Models over Europe

description: The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) is a scientific mission that collects high spatio-temporal resolution (~70 m, 1-5 days average revisit time) thermal images since its launch on 29 June 2018. As a predecessor of future missions, one of the main objectives of ECOSTRESS is to retrieve and understand the spatio-temporal variations in terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) and its responses to soil water availability. In the European ECOSTRESS Hub (EEH), by taking advantage of land surface temperature retrievals, we generated ECOSTRESS ET products over Europe and Africa using three structurally contrasting models, namely Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and Two Source Energy Balance (TSEB) parametric models, as well as the non-parametric Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC) model. A comprehensive evaluation of the EEH ET products was conducted with respect to flux measurements from 19 eddy covariance sites over 6 different biomes with diverse aridity levels. Results revealed comparable performances of STIC and SEBS (RMSE of ~70 W m-2). However, the relatively complex TSEB model produced a higher RMSE of ~90 W m-2. Comparison between STIC ET estimate and the operational ECOSTRESS ET product from NASA PT-JPL model showed a difference in RMSE between the two ET products around 50 W m-2. Substantial overestimation (&gt;80 W m-2) was noted in PT-JPL ET estimates over shrublands and savannas presumably due to the weak constraint of LST in the model. Overall, the EEH is promising to serve as a support to the Land Surface Temperature Monitoring (LSTM) mission.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112381
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112381 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112382
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112382 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112383
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112383 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112384
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112384 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.88rmhc
title: A study of the sensitivity of SAR ocean backscatter to oil slick properties using an electromagnetic scattering model

description: In this study, we model electromagnetic scattering from a realistic ocean surface to assess through simulation the effect of varying key slick properties on backscatter at microwave frequencies of L-, C-, and X-band for both thin and emulsified mineral oil. An ocean surface model is implemented by generating randomly rough ocean surface instances from ocean wave spectra corresponding to a variety of slick properties and different wind speeds. The finite difference time domain method (FDTD), based on Maxwell’s equations, is used to calculate the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) from the ocean surfaces, which we validate with radar observations. Results show that the effect on the NRCS does not scale linearly with the spectral damping caused by the oil layer. By changing various layer properties, we determine that the surface elasticity and oil kinematic viscosity most strongly impact the NRCS. The model is run with different oil layer thicknesses to evaluate the capability of SAR to determine absolute or relative slick thickness. We find that the thickness cannot be accurately determined from SAR backscatter alone in the absence of information about the key slick properties or calibration against known thicknesses in the given environmental conditions. The simulations indicate that ocean wave spectral components outside the expected Bragg scattering regime contribute significantly to the backscatter in some cases. Furthermore, the presence of an emulsion layer under certain conditions and for certain radar frequencies creates constructive interference that causes the NRCS to be enhanced rather than reduced when the layer thickness increases.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112385
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112385 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112386
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112386 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112387
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112387 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.gjyqrd
title: Hybrid Dynamics for Closed-Loop Multibody Systems

description: A popular method for solving the dynamics of closed-loop systems is the tree-augmented (TA) dynamics al-gorithm. In this method, a minimal set of the inter-body constraints are “cut” to convert the system into a tree-topology system. The inter-body constraints within the tree are treated as hinges parameterized with a minimal setof coordinates. The overall dynamics model formulation consists of the minimal-coordinate dynamics model forthe tree system together with the minimal set of bilateral closure constraints for the tree system. A DAE solver isneeded for solving the equations of motion in this formulation. An alternative method that avoids DAEs altogetheris the constraint embedding (CE) dynamics algorithm [1]. This technique uses the TA model as a starting point.However, TA model’s bilateral constraints are eliminated by aggregating bodies affected by the bilateral constraintinto compound bodies. The result system topology is once again a tree with only inter-body hinges and no bi-lateral constraints. The benefit of this approach is that the structure-based tree algorithms can be directly used tosolve the dynamics, and this formulation requires the simpler ODE solver. While the CE algorithm is undoubtedlysuperior for systems with small loops - and especially ones where the loop kinematics has analytical solution.However when the loops become larger, or more complex (eg. meshes), the benefits of the CE approach over theTA approach decrease. For systems involving both small and large loops, the analyst is left with the unsatisfac-tory situation of choosing between either the TA or CE approaches. The main contribution of this paper is thedevelopment of a hybrid dynamics method which allows the use of TA and CE approaches to different loops in themultibody system. This allows the user to judiciously choose the better of the TA or CE approaches for each of theloops in the system.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112388
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112388 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112389
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112389 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112390
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112390 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112391
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112391 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.2svido
title: Optical design of the Carbon Plume Mapper (CPM) imaging spectrometer

description: The Carbon Plume Mapper (CPM) instrument is a high-fidelity imaging spectrometer developed to pinpoint, quantify, and track methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) point-source emissions from super-emitters to help enable reduction of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. CPM will operate over the spectral range of 400 – 2500 nm with a spectral sampling of 5.0 nm. CPM will be integrated into an industry partner spacecraft bus and launched into low-Earth orbit (LEO). The optical design comprises a three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) and Dyson form spectrometer which reduces volume and mass for a fast (F/1.8) optical system. An overview of the CPM optical design, development, and current status is discussed.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112392
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112392 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112393
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112393 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112394
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112394 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112395
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112395 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.rpbtag
title: ExEP An exploration of expected exoplanets for a 6m class direct imaging space observatory

description: The Astro2020 Decadal Survey recommended as the next strategic astrophysics mission a 6 m class space telescope capable of high-contrast direct imaging of Earth-size exoplanets in about one hundred habitable zones of nearby sun-like stars. The expected number of imageable exoplanets for such a telescope depends on the architecture and the metrics used to evaluate those architectures. In this paper, we assess notional coronagraph-only, starshade-only, and hybrid starshade/coronagraph architectures for several figures of merit. We evaluate the figures of merit for a 20\% bandwidth, SNR=5, R=70 water reconnaissance metric, we evaluate a 100\% bandwidth, SNR=10, R=140 high quality broad spectra metric, and we evaluate a 60\% bandwidth, SNR=8.5 metric tailored for a coronagraph’s sequence of 20\% bandwidth sub-spectra. We bound the number of expected exoplanets by considering three cases of a priori knowledge: the case of no prior knowledge that requires a photometric blind-search for exoplanets; the theoretical case of perfect prior that skips photometric detections and performs only spectral characterizations using realistic mission scheduling constraints (this approach shows the upper bound and when target exhaustion is reached); and a case of partial prior knowledge using a hypothetical, future extreme precision radial velocity sensitivity. This work is an initial study of the potential exoplanet science return for the Decadal-recommended large infrared/optical/UV Great Observatory.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112396
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112396 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112397
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112397 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112398
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112398 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.p932x8
title: Mixed-domain Training Improves Multi-Mission Terrain Segmentation

description: Planetary rover missions must utilize machine learning-based perception to continue extra-terrestrial exploration with little to no human presence. Martian terrain segmentation has been critical for rover navigation and hazard avoidance to perform further exploratory tasks, e.g. soil sample collection and searching for organic compounds. Current Martian terrain segmentation models require a large amount of labeled data to achieve acceptable performance, and also require retraining for deployment across different domains, i.e. different rover missions, or different tasks, i.e. geological identification and navigation. This research proposes a semi-supervised learning approach that leverages unsupervised contrastive pretraining of a backbone for a multi-mission semantic segmentation for Martian surfaces. This model will expand upon the current Martian segmentation capabilities by being able to deploy across different Martian rover missions for terrain navigation, by utilizing a mixed domain training set that ensures feature diversity. Evaluation results of using average pixel accuracy show that a semi-supervised mixed-domain approach improves accuracy compared to single domain training and supervised training by reaching an accuracy of 97% for the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover and 79.6% for the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover. Further, providing different weighting methods to loss functions improved the models correct predictions for minority or rare classes by over 30% using the recall metric compared to standard cross-entropy loss. These results can inform future multi-mission and multi-task semantic segmentation for rover missions in a data-efficient manner.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112399
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112399 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112400
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112400 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112401
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112401 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.z1vqje
title: Improving Contrastive Learning on Visually Homogeneous Mars Rover Images

description: Contrastive learning has recently demonstrated superior performance to supervised learning, despite requiring no training labels. We explore how contrastive learning can be applied to hundreds of thousands of unlabeled Mars terrain images, collected from the Mars rovers Curiosity and Perseverance, and from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Such methods are appealing since the vast majority of Mars images are unlabeled as manual annotation is labor intensive and requires extensive domain knowledge. Contrastive learning, however, assumes that any given pair of distinct images contain distinct semantic content, whereas with Mars images, pairs are far more likely to be semantically similar due to the lack of visual diversity on the planet's surface. This results in incorrect pseudo-labels being assigned to training instances, creating an increased rate of pairs which are treated as different classes when they are in fact the same (false negative pairs). In this study, we propose two approaches to resolve this: 1) an unsupervised deep clustering step on the Mars datasets, which identifies clusters of images containing similar semantic content and assigns their pseudo-labels accordingly, and 2) a simple approach which mixes data from different domains to increase visual diversity of the total training dataset. Both cases reduce the rate of false negative pairs, thus minimizing the rate in which the model is incorrectly penalized during contrastive training. These modified approaches remain fully unsupervised end-to-end. To evaluate their performance, we add a single linear layer trained to generate class predictions based on these contrastively-learned features, and demonstrate increased performance compared to supervised models; we observe an improvement in classification accuracy of 3.06% despite requiring only 10% of the labeled data.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112402
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112402 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112403
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112403 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112404
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112404 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112405
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112405 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.sew9ur
title: All-semiconductor continuous-wave volumetric ranging for spaceborne differential absorption lidar

description: State-of-the-art semiconductor lasers can deliver average power, linewidth, and beam quality suitable for supporting differential absorption (DIAL) instruments that are competitive with fiber and solid-state lasers. An all-semiconductor transmitter architecture can enable a drastic reduction in size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP) of the instrument, while allowing for beneficial wavelength agility. Crucially, this reduction in SWaP can enable the implementation of compact airborne and spaceborne profiling DIAL instruments with high power output, while the broad spectral coverage of semiconductor laser technology allows to adapt and tune the transmitter design across a variety of operating scenarios. In this work, we present the first demonstration of volumetric ranging based on an all-semiconductor intensity-modulated CW (IMCW) transmitter. For this proof-of-concept demonstration, we used Rayleigh backscattering in fiber to emulate the atmospheric backscattering return echo. The range-resolved profile is reconstructed using matched filtering of the return echo, a technique widely adopted in CW radar. Finally, we present a theoretical analysis grounded in CW radar theory, showing excellent agreement with the results measured across a wide range of transmitted waveforms and return target configurations.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112406
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112406 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112407
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112407 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112408
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112408 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112409
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112409 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.98ch1r
title: Modeling of Contamination Vent Path for Outgassing Components Underneath Thermal Blankets on Europa Clipper

description: NASA’s Europa Clipper mission will conduct a detailed reconnaissance of Jupiter’s moon Europa and investigate whether the icy moon could host conditions suitable for life. To perform these tasks, the spacecraft will carry several scientific instruments, including cameras, mass spectrometers, radars, magnetometers, plasma sensors and dust analyzer. These state-of-the-art instruments are very sensitive to molecular contamination; hence it is important to properly design preferential venting paths that minimize the transport of contaminants to the instruments sensitive surfaces. The JPL Contamination Control Group developed a physics-based approach to quantify the amount of contaminants escaping from the thermal blankets vents. This approach includes a thorough design of the thermal blankets and vents in the Europa Clipper geometrical model and a detailed analysis of the transport of contaminants from outgassing components underneath the thermal blankets to the vents. The physics-based thermal blankets venting model enhances the ability to assess and control outgassing contamination on Europa Clipper, and subsequently to properly design venting locations that provide a preferential escape path for outgassed molecules. The model also provides more accurate results compared to the historic approach (area ratio) widely used in literature to estimate outgassing from thermal blankets vents.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112410
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112410 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112411
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112411 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112412
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112412 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.fzivjf
title: Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition for Software Anomalies

description: In this paper, we report on the preliminary results of a study that is underway to examine the software problem failure report data associated with a diverse set of NASA projects for insights into the processes, lessons learned for improving them, and predictive models to help determine the expected metrics for a given project based on key attributes. We report on the patterns that are found to date by analyzing the software problem failure reports data for several NASA mission types. These patterns help determine the underlying factors and root causes of problems and preferred methods for mitigating them. The current study is a broad review of the data to support the clear classification and formulation of the techniques to be used for more in-depth analysis. In the future, we plan on building models to predict anomaly rates based on mission characteristics. Preliminary observations and recommendations are suggested for improving software assurance activities and upgrading the forms used for recording the errors so that they are easier to use for the experts recording the errors and clearer for the experts analyzing them
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112413
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112413 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112414
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112414 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112415
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112415 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112416
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112416 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ig2yaf
title: Trace Gas Life: Microbes that live on just air

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112417
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112417 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112418
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112418 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112419
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112419 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.pbspee
title: Titan organic delivery from surface to subsurface

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112420
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112420 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112421
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112421 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4
DOI: 10.17876/plate/dr.4/envelopes/208_112422
title: Digital object identifier (DOI) for the envelope 112422 in archive 208 from the APPLAUSE DR4