cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14666462.v1
title: Trajectory specimen list from Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?

description: List of the specimens used in trajectory analysis. Contains specimen metadata and accuracy values in CSV format.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14666465
title: Multi-component test species list from Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?

description: List of species in CSV format used to test multi-component hypotheses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14666465.v1
title: Multi-component test species list from Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?

description: List of species in CSV format used to test multi-component hypotheses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14666459
title: Morphometrics specimen list from Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?

description: List of the specimens used in morphometrics analysis. Contains specimen metadata and accuracy values in CSV format.
DOI: 10.15468/r4r48k
title: Discovery of the spider wasp genus Telostholus Haupt, 1929 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in Laos, with the description of three new species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Loktionov, Valery M. (2021): Discovery of the spider wasp genus Telostholus Haupt, 1929 (Hymenoptera Pompilidae) in Laos, with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4966 (2): 226-236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.9
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853931.v1
title: Efficiency of nutrient use for biomass production of a <i>Eucalyptus</i> clone as a function of planting density in short-rotation cropping

description: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of planting density on nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in the production of biomass of a hybrid of <i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i> × <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>. Twelve planting densities were evaluated at 36 months of age, ranging from 498 to 2564 plants ha<sup>−1</sup>. Three trees were harvested in each treatment to determine biomass production and allocation (per plant and per area), concentration (g kg<sup>−1</sup>), amount (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and NUE of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the biomass of leaves, branches, bark and wood. In summary, the increase in planting density resulted in: higher biomass production per area; a reduction in biomass production per plant; a reduction in homogeneity; an increase in the concentration of N, P and K in leaves, of N, Ca, Mg and S in bark, and of N, P and K in wood; a higher amount of nutrients exported by harvesting; and a higher NUE for wood production. The increase in NUE indicates a possible nutritional deficit in trees at higher stocking rates at the age of three years. The higher the planting density, the sooner the site will require re-fertilisation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853931
title: Efficiency of nutrient use for biomass production of a <i>Eucalyptus</i> clone as a function of planting density in short-rotation cropping

description: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of planting density on nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in the production of biomass of a hybrid of <i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i> × <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>. Twelve planting densities were evaluated at 36 months of age, ranging from 498 to 2564 plants ha<sup>−1</sup>. Three trees were harvested in each treatment to determine biomass production and allocation (per plant and per area), concentration (g kg<sup>−1</sup>), amount (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and NUE of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the biomass of leaves, branches, bark and wood. In summary, the increase in planting density resulted in: higher biomass production per area; a reduction in biomass production per plant; a reduction in homogeneity; an increase in the concentration of N, P and K in leaves, of N, Ca, Mg and S in bark, and of N, P and K in wood; a higher amount of nutrients exported by harvesting; and a higher NUE for wood production. The increase in NUE indicates a possible nutritional deficit in trees at higher stocking rates at the age of three years. The higher the planting density, the sooner the site will require re-fertilisation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13199929
title: Social media video analysis methodology for sarin exposure

description: As social media becomes increasingly ubiquitous, many events are recorded and released on social media platforms, including chemical weapon attacks. We develop an objective tool in order to evaluate brief and unstructured social media videos for analysing sarin exposure from a civilian medical pathology perspective. We developed and validated this new questionnaire using a standardized procedure that includes content domain specification, item pool generation, content validity evaluation, a pilot study, and assessment of reliability and validity. In total, 51 sarin attacks and 48 matched videos were analysed. Cronbach’s α for all 20 items was 0.75, which indicates adequate internal reliability. The test–retest reliability was 0.96, which indicates good internal reliability. The inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. After verifying sampling adequacy with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure and the factorability of the items with Barlett’s test of sphericity, a factor analysis was performed. According to the principal axis factoring, a six-factor solution explained 51.86% of the total variance. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Video Score Questionnaire has a sensitivity of 0.817, a specificity of 0.478, and an efficiency of 65.3. Therefore, the Video Score Questionnaire is reliable and valid for evaluating sarin attacks from brief and unstructured social media videos. Key pointsChemical weapons are still used as a method of warfare.Social media videos are an important source of information.We developed a validated scale which can analyse sarin exposure in short and unstructured videos. Chemical weapons are still used as a method of warfare. Social media videos are an important source of information. We developed a validated scale which can analyse sarin exposure in short and unstructured videos.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13199929.v1
title: Social media video analysis methodology for sarin exposure

description: As social media becomes increasingly ubiquitous, many events are recorded and released on social media platforms, including chemical weapon attacks. We develop an objective tool in order to evaluate brief and unstructured social media videos for analysing sarin exposure from a civilian medical pathology perspective. We developed and validated this new questionnaire using a standardized procedure that includes content domain specification, item pool generation, content validity evaluation, a pilot study, and assessment of reliability and validity. In total, 51 sarin attacks and 48 matched videos were analysed. Cronbach’s α for all 20 items was 0.75, which indicates adequate internal reliability. The test–retest reliability was 0.96, which indicates good internal reliability. The inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. After verifying sampling adequacy with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure and the factorability of the items with Barlett’s test of sphericity, a factor analysis was performed. According to the principal axis factoring, a six-factor solution explained 51.86% of the total variance. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Video Score Questionnaire has a sensitivity of 0.817, a specificity of 0.478, and an efficiency of 65.3. Therefore, the Video Score Questionnaire is reliable and valid for evaluating sarin attacks from brief and unstructured social media videos. Key pointsChemical weapons are still used as a method of warfare.Social media videos are an important source of information.We developed a validated scale which can analyse sarin exposure in short and unstructured videos. Chemical weapons are still used as a method of warfare. Social media videos are an important source of information. We developed a validated scale which can analyse sarin exposure in short and unstructured videos.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331115
title: Determination of particle abrasion through milling with five different salt grinders – a preliminary study by micro-Raman spectroscopy with efforts towards improved quality control of the analytical methods

description: Latest findings suggest that packaging and processing of food may be a contamination source of microplastics. In this study particle abrasion from five different salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic and ceramic were investigated using micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy. The mills were filled with a reference salt and an amount of 0.1 g was milled into a beaker, dissolved, filtered and the residues analysed via µ-Raman spectroscopy in different size classes, beginning with ≥ 1 µm. In the unground reference salt itself 423 ± 161 microplastic particles per 0.1 g were found, mainly consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These contents were not subtracted from the samples. One of the ceramic grinders also exclusively released PET-particles (527 ± 265 per 0.1 g).The other had compartments of polystyrene (PS) in the milling system and PS particles were found in the ground salt (201 ± 37 PET; 727 ± 226 PS/). Two of the plastic grinders had burrs made of polyoxymethylene (POM) and one with burrs of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). There were large amounts of 7628 ± 2655 and 5048 + 594 POM particles in 0.1 g salt in the two POM grinders as well as 265 ± 182 and 1546 ± 884 PET particles, respectively; salt from the PMMA grinder had 240 ± 41 PMMA particles/0.1 g and 1643 ± 1174 PET particles. The majority of the PET particles were smaller than 5 µm, whereas the POM, PS and PMMA particles had average sizes greater than 10 µm. In addition to possible microplastic contamination from salt itself, salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic can emit microplastic particles in large amounts, especially if the burrs are made of POM. Other particles may, however, also be emitted from the grinders, e.g. ceramic particles in a similar size class, leading to the question whether and which kind of particles may be of toxicological concern for humans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331115.v2
title: Determination of particle abrasion through milling with five different salt grinders – a preliminary study by micro-Raman spectroscopy with efforts towards improved quality control of the analytical methods

description: Latest findings suggest that packaging and processing of food may be a contamination source of microplastics. In this study particle abrasion from five different salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic and ceramic were investigated using micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy. The mills were filled with a reference salt and an amount of 0.1 g was milled into a beaker, dissolved, filtered and the residues analysed via µ-Raman spectroscopy in different size classes, beginning with ≥ 1 µm. In the unground reference salt itself 423 ± 161 microplastic particles per 0.1 g were found, mainly consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These contents were not subtracted from the samples. One of the ceramic grinders also exclusively released PET-particles (527 ± 265 per 0.1 g).The other had compartments of polystyrene (PS) in the milling system and PS particles were found in the ground salt (201 ± 37 PET; 727 ± 226 PS/). Two of the plastic grinders had burrs made of polyoxymethylene (POM) and one with burrs of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). There were large amounts of 7628 ± 2655 and 5048 + 594 POM particles in 0.1 g salt in the two POM grinders as well as 265 ± 182 and 1546 ± 884 PET particles, respectively; salt from the PMMA grinder had 240 ± 41 PMMA particles/0.1 g and 1643 ± 1174 PET particles. The majority of the PET particles were smaller than 5 µm, whereas the POM, PS and PMMA particles had average sizes greater than 10 µm. In addition to possible microplastic contamination from salt itself, salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic can emit microplastic particles in large amounts, especially if the burrs are made of POM. Other particles may, however, also be emitted from the grinders, e.g. ceramic particles in a similar size class, leading to the question whether and which kind of particles may be of toxicological concern for humans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331496
title: Nitrite and nitrate content in meat products and estimated nitrite intake by the Estonian children

description: Public interest in nitrate and nitrite content reduction in meat products has increased; therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine nitrate and nitrite levels in commercial meat products as the main source of added nitrites, and to estimate their dietary intake by children. The intake of nitrite from processed meat products and drinking water by Estonian children was estimated. Daily intake estimations were based on the food consumption data of the National Institute for Health Development. In addition, nitrite/nitrate concentrations of meat and processed meat products were measured using a liquid chromatographic method with UV detection. Mean nitrite intakes among 1087 studied children were 0.015 and 0.016 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> b.w. day<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, among children aged 12–35 months and 3–10 years. Acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg nitrite kg<sup>−1</sup> b.w. day<sup>−1</sup> was exceeded in 3.1% of children, being more prevalent in the younger age group. Considering the consumption of processed meat and drinking water, mean nitrite intakes in the younger and the older age groups were, respectively, 21.9% and 22.9% of the ADI. Study results indicated that over a period of 10 years, children’s dietary nitrite intake from processed meat products has declined, which is probably caused by changes in food preferences and decreased usage of nitrite in cured meat products by meat industries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331115.v1
title: Determination of particle abrasion through milling with five different salt grinders – a preliminary study by micro-Raman spectroscopy with efforts towards improved quality control of the analytical methods

description: Latest findings suggest that packaging and processing of food may be a contamination source of microplastics. In this study particle abrasion from five different salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic and ceramic were investigated using micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy. The mills were filled with a reference salt and an amount of 0.1 g was milled into a beaker, dissolved, filtered and the residues analysed via µ-Raman spectroscopy in different size classes, beginning with ≥ 1 µm. In the unground reference salt itself 423 ± 161 microplastic particles per 0.1 g were found, mainly consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These contents were not subtracted from the samples. One of the ceramic grinders also exclusively released PET-particles (527 ± 265 per 0.1 g).The other had compartments of polystyrene (PS) in the milling system and PS particles were found in the ground salt (201 ± 37 PET; 727 ± 226 PS/). Two of the plastic grinders had burrs made of polyoxymethylene (POM) and one with burrs of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). There were large amounts of 7628 ± 2655 and 5048 + 594 POM particles in 0.1 g salt in the two POM grinders as well as 265 ± 182 and 1546 ± 884 PET particles, respectively; salt from the PMMA grinder had 240 ± 41 PMMA particles/0.1 g and 1643 ± 1174 PET particles. The majority of the PET particles were smaller than 5 µm, whereas the POM, PS and PMMA particles had average sizes greater than 10 µm. In addition to possible microplastic contamination from salt itself, salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic can emit microplastic particles in large amounts, especially if the burrs are made of POM. Other particles may, however, also be emitted from the grinders, e.g. ceramic particles in a similar size class, leading to the question whether and which kind of particles may be of toxicological concern for humans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12331496.v1
title: Nitrite and nitrate content in meat products and estimated nitrite intake by the Estonian children

description: Public interest in nitrate and nitrite content reduction in meat products has increased; therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine nitrate and nitrite levels in commercial meat products as the main source of added nitrites, and to estimate their dietary intake by children. The intake of nitrite from processed meat products and drinking water by Estonian children was estimated. Daily intake estimations were based on the food consumption data of the National Institute for Health Development. In addition, nitrite/nitrate concentrations of meat and processed meat products were measured using a liquid chromatographic method with UV detection. Mean nitrite intakes among 1087 studied children were 0.015 and 0.016 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> b.w. day<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, among children aged 12–35 months and 3–10 years. Acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg nitrite kg<sup>−1</sup> b.w. day<sup>−1</sup> was exceeded in 3.1% of children, being more prevalent in the younger age group. Considering the consumption of processed meat and drinking water, mean nitrite intakes in the younger and the older age groups were, respectively, 21.9% and 22.9% of the ADI. Study results indicated that over a period of 10 years, children’s dietary nitrite intake from processed meat products has declined, which is probably caused by changes in food preferences and decreased usage of nitrite in cured meat products by meat industries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853865
title: Development of an alternative approach for detecting botulinum neurotoxin type A in honey: Analysis of non-toxic peptides with a reference labelled protein via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

description: In this study, we developed a reference labelled protein containing the partial amino acid sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA). We also applied it as an internal standard to detect specific and non-toxic peptides originated from BoNTA in honey with the use of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Original proteins in the honey sample were collected through a two-step process that included solubilisation and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. Solubilisation by adding water enabled processing of proteins in honey. TCA precipitation collected proteins without specific binding. The combination of protein alkylation and an appropriate enzyme-to-protein ratio ensured feasibility of tryptic digestion. A desalting process eliminated a large amount of salts and other tryptic peptides in the honey sample. The use of the reference labelled protein enabled compensation for tryptic digestion efficiency and electrospray ionisation efficiency based on LC-MS/MS measurement. After the peptide selection and protein BlastP analysis, five unique peptides were chosen. The non-toxic peptides originating from BoNTA were reliably detected using LC–MS/MS based on a multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Detection of several peptides ensured screening of BoNTA in honey samples. Based on the responses, the proteotypic peptide LYGIAINPNR was selected as the quantitative peptide. Due to maintaining the relative ion ratios, the selective transition completely identified the non-toxic peptides. The intensity of the transitions established a detection limit of BoNTA estimated to be 9.4 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>. Although extraction efficiency was not evaluated using the BoNTA standard, the results suggested this method may be used for quantification of BoNTA in honey. The method was applied to 19 honey samples purchased in Tokyo; none of them was found to contain the target toxin. Overall, the method is expected to accelerate BoNTA monitoring for food safety.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12853865.v1
title: Development of an alternative approach for detecting botulinum neurotoxin type A in honey: Analysis of non-toxic peptides with a reference labelled protein via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

description: In this study, we developed a reference labelled protein containing the partial amino acid sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA). We also applied it as an internal standard to detect specific and non-toxic peptides originated from BoNTA in honey with the use of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Original proteins in the honey sample were collected through a two-step process that included solubilisation and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. Solubilisation by adding water enabled processing of proteins in honey. TCA precipitation collected proteins without specific binding. The combination of protein alkylation and an appropriate enzyme-to-protein ratio ensured feasibility of tryptic digestion. A desalting process eliminated a large amount of salts and other tryptic peptides in the honey sample. The use of the reference labelled protein enabled compensation for tryptic digestion efficiency and electrospray ionisation efficiency based on LC-MS/MS measurement. After the peptide selection and protein BlastP analysis, five unique peptides were chosen. The non-toxic peptides originating from BoNTA were reliably detected using LC–MS/MS based on a multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Detection of several peptides ensured screening of BoNTA in honey samples. Based on the responses, the proteotypic peptide LYGIAINPNR was selected as the quantitative peptide. Due to maintaining the relative ion ratios, the selective transition completely identified the non-toxic peptides. The intensity of the transitions established a detection limit of BoNTA estimated to be 9.4 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>. Although extraction efficiency was not evaluated using the BoNTA standard, the results suggested this method may be used for quantification of BoNTA in honey. The method was applied to 19 honey samples purchased in Tokyo; none of them was found to contain the target toxin. Overall, the method is expected to accelerate BoNTA monitoring for food safety.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12366143.v1
title: Foot shape analysis of professional American Football players

description: The goal of this paper is to quantify the shape of National Football League (NFL) players’ feet and to identify foot shape characteristics that facilitate the development and refinement of position-specific footwear for NFL players. Statistical shape analysis was performed on three-dimensional (3 D) scans of 290 NFL players’ feet obtained from 4 NFL teams during preseason training camps to identify the principal components that explain characteristics of the shape variability. Eight foot shape measurements were then defined to reflect the main principal components and were quantified. The foot volume, the arch shape in conjunction with the foot length, and the foot curvature explained more than 80% of the foot shape variation. The average foot length was 293 ± 13.7 mm and width was 110.6 ± 6.8 mm. Significant differences were observed between position groupings, primarily with regard to size. The prevalence of flat feet (defined as 0 arch depth) was greater in linemen and hybrid position groups than in the skill group. This information can facilitate improvements in the lasts used to create shoes for elite-level players and can also help inform footwear selection.