cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.624k0
title: Data from: Mature male parr contribution to the effective size of an anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population over 30 years

description: We describe temporal changes in the genetic composition of a small
 anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population from South
 Newfoundland, an area where salmon populations are considered threatened
 (COSEWIC 2010). We examined the genetic variability (13 microsatellite
 loci) in 869 out-migrating smolt and post-spawning kelt samples, collected
 from 1985 to 2011 for a total of 22 annual collections and a 30 year span
 of assigned cohorts. We estimated the annual effective number of breeders
 (Nb) and the generational effective population size (Ne) through genetic
 methods and demographically using the adult sex ratio. Comparisons between
 genetic and demographic estimates show that the adult spawners
 inadequately explain the observed Ne estimates, suggesting that mature
 male parr are significantly increasing Nb and Ne over the study period.
 Spawning as parr appears to be a viable and important strategy in the near
 absence of adult males.
description: Ecological and
 Microsatellite dataThis tab-delimited file
 contains all the allele scores for 869 samples across 13 microsatellites,
 along with the relevant demographic data.MEC-12-1011_Ecological and
 Microsatellite data.txtParr sampling
 dataThis is field-recorded
 data of the sex, maturity and measurements of 100 parr. Some parr were too
 small and could not be sexed in the field. Sampling occurred via
 electrofishing in collaboration with the Department of Fisheries and
 Oceans, St. John's, Newfoundland.MEC-12-1011_Parr
 data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qq055
title: Data from: Population genetic structure of the western cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in British Columbia, Canada

description: 1. Population connectivity and movement are key ecological parameters
 influencing the impact of pests, and are important considerations in
 control strategies. For many insects, these parameters are difficult to
 assess directly, although they may be assessed indirectly using population
 genetic data. 2. We used microsatellite markers to examine population
 genetic structure of the western cherry fruit fly, the main pest of cherry
 crops in western North America, in British Columbia, Canada, and make
 inferences about connectivity and potential for movement among
 populations. 3. Comparing populations from four geographical regions
 (separated by up to approximately 400 km), we found significant genetic
 differentiation both among and within regions. Using populations as the
 units of analysis, we observed significant isolation by distance (IBD) at
 larger spatial scales but not below approximately 20 km. By contrast,
 using individual flies as the units of analysis, we found significant IBD
 at scales as small as &lt; 100 m. We saw no evidence of genetic
 differentiation among populations sampled from different species/varieties
 of plants. 4. Our results suggest that the movement of individual flies is
 limited, although high levels of gene flow are maintained at scales of up
 to 20 km, possibly through combined effects of stepping-stone gene flow
 and large population sizes.
description: MaxwellEtAl_WCFF_MicrosatGenotypesMicrosatellite genotypes (14 loci) for individuals of the western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis indifferens) from British Columbia, Canada. Microsatellite allele sizes are given in bp. Sex of each individual is given as: M = male, F = female. Location details can be found in: Maxwell et al. 2014. Agricultural and Forest Entomology (DOI: 10.1111/afe.12029)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5rm2f
title: Data from: Environmental risk assessment for the small tortoiseshell Aglais urticae and a stacked Bt-maize with combined resistances against Lepidoptera and Chrysomelidae in central European agrarian landscapes

description: The cultivation of Lepidoptera-resistant Bt-maize may affect non-target
 butterflies. We assessed the risk posed by event MON89034 x MON88017
 (expressing Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 against corn borers) to non-target
 Lepidoptera. Using the small tortoiseshell Aglais urticae, a butterfly
 species common in central Europe, as a test organism we (1) assessed the
 toxicity of Bt-maize pollen on butterfly larvae; (2) measured pollen
 deposition on leaves of the host plant Urtica dioica; (3) mapped the
 occurrence and distribution of host plants and larvae in two arable
 landscapes in Germany during maize anthesis; and (4) described the
 temporal occurrence of a one-year population of A. urticae. (1) Larvae fed
 200 Bt-maize pollen grains/cm2 had a reduced feeding activity. Significant
 differences in developmental time existed at pollen densities of 300
 Bt-maize pollen grains/cm2 and in survival at 400 grains/cm2. (2) The
 highest pollen amount found was 212 grains/cm2 at the field margin. Mean
 densities were much lower. (3) In one region over 50% of A. urticae nests
 were located within five metres of a maize field, while in the other all
 nests were found in more than 25 m distance to a maize field. (4) The
 percentage of larvae developing during maize anthesis was 19% in the study
 area. The amount of pollen from maize MON89034 x MON88017 found on host
 plants is unlikely to adversely affect a significant proportion of larvae
 of A. urticae. This paper concludes that the risk of event MON89034 x
 MON88017 to populations of this species is negligible.
description: Data_Schuppener_etal
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s73t1
title: Data from: Evolution of a butterfly dispersal syndrome

description: The existence of dispersal syndromes contrasting disperser from resident
 phenotypes within populations has been intensively documented across taxa.
 However, how such suites of phenotypic traits emerge and are maintained is
 largely unknown, although deciphering the processes shaping the evolution
 of dispersal phenotypes is a key in ecology and evolution. In this study,
 we created artificial populations of a butterfly, in which we controlled
 for individual phenotypes and measured experimentally the roles of
 selection and genetic constraints on the correlations between
 dispersal-related traits: flight performance and wing morphology. We
 demonstrate that (i) trait covariations are not due to genetic
 correlations, (ii) the effects of selection are sex-specific, and (iii)
 both divergent and stabilizing selection maintain specific flight
 performance phenotypes and wing morphologies. Interestingly, some trait
 combinations are also favoured, depending on sex and fitness components.
 Moreover, we provide evidence for the role of (dis)assortative mating in
 the evolution of these dispersal-related traits. Our results suggest that
 dispersal syndromes may have high evolutionary potential, but also that
 they may be easily disrupted under particular environmental conditions.
description: dataset_legrand_et_al_procs
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tn476hs
title: Data from: Life history trade-offs: are they linked to personality in a precocial mammal (Cavia aperea)?

description: Life-history trade-offs are predicted to contribute to the maintenance of
 personality variation. Individuals with ‘fast’ lifestyles should develop
 faster, reproduce earlier and exhibit more risky behaviours. Evidence for
 such predicted links, however, remains equivocal. Here, I test how growth
 rate, timing of maturation, litter size and maternal effort correlate with
 exploration, boldness, fearlessness, docility and escape latency. I found
 several links that were predicted by recent theory while others were
 against theoretical predictions, e.g. fast growing individuals were more
 fearful. Thus, while I found personality to be integrated with
 life-history, I cannot fully support recent hypotheses aiming to explain
 such behaviour-life-history associations.
description: raw data supporting
 manuscript "Life history trade-offs: are they linked to personality
 in a precocial mammal"These are raw data for
 life history traits (growth, maturation, litter size, reproductive effort)
 and behaviours (exploration, boldness, escape latency and docility)
 repeatedly measured in 100 female Cavia aperea. The animals were held in
 captivity, either under indoor or combined indoor-outdoor housing. All
 animals experienced natural photoperiods, animals in combined
 indoor-outdoor housing experienced natural temperatures in addition. For
 description of variables, see "read.me".data_LH trade-off
 personality.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s92710p
title: Data from: Nutrient remobilization in tree foliage as affected by soil nutrients and leaf life span

description: Nutrient remobilization is a key process in nutrient conservation in
 plants and in nutrient cycling in ecosystems. To predict the productivity
 of terrestrial ecosystems, we thus need to improve our understanding of
 the factors that control remobilization. We studied the remobilization
 rates of several major nutrients (N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg) in 102 forest
 ecosystems representing large environmental gradients at country scale
 (France). Total amounts or availability of nutrients in soils were
 correlated with nutrient remobilization: the larger the soil nutrient
 pool, the lower the remobilization rate (e.g. P remobilization decreased
 with increasing total or extractable inorganic P in soils). Soil type and
 soil parent material influenced nutrient remobilization indirectly through
 their effect on soil nutrients. Nutrient remobilization was also affected
 by the quality of soil organic matter (C:N and C:P ratios) and K-Ca-Mg
 antagonisms. In addition to soil properties, plant-related parameters
 (nutrient concentrations in foliage and leaf life span) and climate
 variables (e.g. precipitation and actual evapotranspiration) were also
 correlated with nutrient remobilization. Using multivariate analysis, we
 finally found that soil nutrient richness and the life span of the leaf
 were generally the two most important factors controlling nutrient
 remobilization. As a whole, the nutrient remobilization rate is regulated
 by soil nutrients through negative feedback. This general ecological
 pattern is modulated by ecophysiological constraints of plants, mainly
 leaf life span or the capability of plants to move Ca through the phloem
 sap.
description: Nutrient resorption data
 in French forest sitesThe file includes
 nutrient resorption, soil, climate and plant data from 102 French forest
 sites.DATA_NUTRIENT_RESORPTION.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rz4r5s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 52144 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is West African Vegetation Database"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 52144 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000787-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2mh20
title: Data from: Latitudinal clines in alternative life histories in a geometrid moth

description: The relative roles of genetic differentiation and developmental plasticity
 in generating latitudinal gradients in life histories remain
 insufficiently understood. In particular, this applies to determination of
 voltinism (annual number of generations) in short-lived ectotherms, and
 the associated trait values. We studied different components of variation
 in development of Chiasmia clathrata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) larvae
 that originated from populations expressing univoltine, partially
 bivoltine or bivoltine phenology along a latitudinal gradient of season
 length. Indicative of population-level genetic differentiation, larval
 period became longer while growth rate decreased with increasing season
 length within a particular phenology, but saw-tooth clines emerged across
 the phenologies. Indicative of phenotypic plasticity, individuals that
 developed directly into reproductive adults had shorter development times
 and higher growth rates than those entering diapause. The most marked
 differences between the alternative developmental pathways were found in
 the bivoltine region suggesting that the adaptive correlates of the direct
 development evolve if exposed to selection. Pupal mass followed a complex
 cline without clear reference to the shift in voltinism or developmental
 pathway probably due to varying interplay between the responses in
 development time and growth rate. The results highlight the
 multidimensionality of evolutionary trajectories of life history traits,
 which either facilitate or constrain the evolution of integrated traits in
 alternative phenotypes.
description: Välimäki_et_al_2012_J_Evol_Biol
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gv682
title: Data from: Phenotypic constraints and community structure: linking trade-offs within and among species

description: Trade-offs are central to many topics in biology, from the evolution of
 life histories to ecological mechanisms of species coexistence. Trade-offs
 observed among species may reflect pervasive constraints on phenotypes
 that are achievable given biophysical and resource limitations. If so,
 then among-species trade-offs should be consistent with trade-offs within
 species. Alternatively, trait variation among co-occurring species may
 reflect historical contingencies during community assembly rather than
 within-species constraints. Here, we test whether a key trade-off between
 relative growth rate (RGR) and water-use efficiency (WUE) among Sonoran
 Desert winter annual plants is apparent within four species representing
 different strategies in the system. We grew progeny of maternal families
 from multiple populations in a greenhouse common garden. One species,
 Pectocarya recurvata, displayed the expected RGR – WUE trade-off among
 families within populations. For other species, although RGR and WUE often
 varied clinally among populations, among-family variation within
 populations was lacking, implicating a role for past selection on these
 traits. Our results suggest that a combination of limited genetic
 variation in single traits and negative trait correlations could pose
 constraints on the evolution of a high-RGR and high-WUE phenotype within
 species, providing a microevolutionary explanation for phenotypes that
 influence community-level patterns of abundance and coexistence.
description: Angert et al. Desert
 Annuals DataPhenotypic measurements
 of relative growth rate (RGR, measured based on change in leaf area per
 day) and water-use efficiency (as measured by carbon isotope
 discrimination, Delta, in ppm) for winter annual plants grown in a
 greenhouse common garden at Colorado State University. Note that Delta is
 negatively related to water-use efficiency. Design includes replicate
 individuals of up to 30 maternal families from each of 4-5 populations per
 each of 4 species. Species codes: STMI = Stylocline micropoides, PERE =
 Pectocarya recurvata, ERTE = Erodium texanum, ERLA = Eriophyllum lanosum.
 Population codes: TUMH = Tumamoc Hill, AZ; OPNM = Organ Pipe National
 Monument, AZ; SDNM = Sonoran Desert National Monument, AZ; SENT =
 Sentinel, AZ; RINC = Rincon Mountains, AZ; CALI = Californian populations
 (see manuscript for exact locations for each species). Climatic values for
 winter maximum temperature (Tmax_wt), winter minimum temperature
 (Tmin_wt), and winter precipitation (PPT_wt) were estimated based on
 latitude and longitude using the program ClimateWNA.AngertDAGreenhouseDryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.17cm4
title: Data from: Spatial scale affects landscape genetic analysis of a wetland grasshopper

description: Most landscape genetic studies assess the impact of landscape elements on
 species' dispersal and gene flow. Many of these studies perform their
 analysis on all possible population pairs in a study area and do not
 explicitly consider the effects of spatial scale and population network
 topology on their results. Here, we examined the effects of spatial scale
 and population network topology on the outcome of a landscape genetic
 analysis. Additionally, we tested whether the relevant spatial scale of
 landscape genetic analysis could be defined by population network topology
 or by isolation-by-distance (IBD) patterns. A data set of the wetland
 grasshopper Stethophyma grossum, collected in a fragmented agricultural
 landscape, was used to analyse population network topology, IBD patterns
 and dispersal habitats, using least-cost transect analysis. Landscape
 genetic analyses neglecting spatial scale and population network topology
 resulted in models with low fits, with which a most likely dispersal
 habitat could not be identified. In contrast, analyses considering spatial
 scale and population network topology resulted in high model fits by
 restricting landscape genetic analysis to smaller scales (0–3 km) and
 neighbouring populations, as represented by a Gabriel graph. These models
 also successfully identified a likely dispersal habitat of S. grossum. The
 above results suggest that spatial scale and potentially population
 network topology should be more explicitly considered in future landscape
 genetic analyses.
description: CoordinatesIndividual_Genotypesgene_flow_measurespredictor_variables
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5b14n
title: Data from: Immune response costs are associated with changes in resource acquisition and not resource reallocation

description: 1. Evolutionary ecologists frequently argue that parasite defence is
 costly because resources must be reallocated from other life-history
 traits to fuel the immune response. However, this hypothesis is rarely
 explicitly tested. An alternative possibility is that immune responses
 impair an organism's ability to acquire the resources it needs to
 support metabolism. Here, we disentangle these opposing hypotheses for why
 the activation costs of parasite resistance arise. 2. We studied fecundity
 costs associated with immune stimulation in Drosophila melanogaster. Then,
 by measuring correlated changes in metabolic rate, food consumption and
 body weight, we assessed whether responses were consistent with immunity
 costs originating from altered resource allocation or from impaired
 resource acquisition. 3. Microbial injection resulted in a 45% fecundity
 decrease. It also triggered a mean decline in metabolic rate of 6% and a
 mean reduction in food intake of 31%; body weight was unaffected.
 Metabolic rate downregulation was greater in males than in females,
 whereas declines in food ingestion were of similar magnitude in both
 sexes. These physiological shifts did not depend on whether microbial
 challenges were alive or dead, thus they resulted from immune system
 activation not pathogenesis. 4. These costs of immune activation are
 significant for individuals that successfully resist infection and might
 also occur in other situations when immune responses are upregulated
 without infection. 5. Whilst we found significant activation costs of
 resistance, our data provide no compelling evidence for the popularly
 argued hypothesis that immune deployment is costly because of reallocation
 of energetic resources to the immune system. Instead, reduction in
 resource acquisition due to ‘infection-induced anorexia’ may be the
 principal driver of metabolic changes and fecundity costs resulting from
 immune response activation.
description: Immune response costs
 are associated with changes in resource acquisition and not resource
 reallocationDryad data upload for
 functional ecology.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6td18
title: Data from: Estimating the variation, autocorrelation, and environmental sensitivity of phenotypic selection

description: Despite considerable interest in temporal and spatial variation of
 phenotypic selection, very few methods allow quantifying this variation
 while correctly accounting for the error variance of each individual
 estimate. Furthermore, the available methods do not estimate the
 autocorrelation of phenotypic selection, which is a major determinant of
 eco-evolutionary dynamics in changing environments. We introduce a new
 method for measuring variable phenotypic selection using random
 regression. We rely on model selection to assess the support for
 stabilizing selection, and for a moving optimum that may include a trend
 plus (possibly autocorrelated) fluctuations. The environmental sensitivity
 of selection also can be estimated by including an environmental
 covariate. After testing our method on extensive simulations, we apply it
 to breeding time in a great tit population in the Netherlands. Our
 analysis finds support for an optimum that is well predicted by spring
 temperature, and occurs about 33 days before a peak in food biomass,
 consistent with what is known from the biology of this species. We also
 detect autocorrelated fluctuations in the optimum, beyond those caused by
 temperature and the food peak. Because our approach directly estimates
 parameters that appear in theoretical models, it should be particularly
 useful for predicting eco-evolutionary responses to environmental change.
description: SimulationsThe code for the simulations used in the article to test the statistical method.Simulation_analysisCode for compiling and analyzing the output of the simulations in Simulations.r, and plot the figures in the article.FunctionsThis source file includes functions used for the analysis of the datasets in the file examples.rfunctions.rexamplesThis file includes a tutored example of analysis using a simulation, followed by the analysis of the case study on Hoge Veluwe great tits.dataThis R workspace includes the data of the case study on Hoge Veluwe great tits, to be used in the source file examples.r, which also includes a description of the data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gq156st
title: Data from: Abiotic heterogeneity underlies trait-based competition and assembly

description: 1. The fitness of individual species depends on their ability to persist
 and establish at low densities, just as the diversity of ecological
 communities depends on the establishment and persistence of low-density,
 ‘invader’ species. Theory predicts that abiotic conditions and the
 competitive make-up of resident communities jointly shape invader fitness,
 limiting the phenotypic identity of successful invaders. 2. We use an
 invasion experiment to ask how competitive traits of 20 introduced plant
 species alter their absolute fitness in fragments that differ in size,
 abiotic conditions and traits of the resident community. 3. We show that
 abiotic conditions interact with both invader traits and resident
 functional diversity to determine invader survival. Optimal invader traits
 depended on the soil characteristics, while greater resident trait
 diversity lowered invader fitness and had especially strong effects in low
 resource environments. Unlike other abiotic conditions, fragment size had
 consistent effects irrespective of invader identity, decreasing survival
 in larger fragments. 4. Synthesis. Our results illustrate how the abiotic
 environment mediates the effects of resident and invader traits on
 establishment, creating fitness landscapes that structure local diversity
 and the functional identities of successful species.
description: data - Borges et al.
 2018CSV file with species,
 survivorship, and trait data for all plants in our
 experiment.