DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs9c
title: Data from: Dominant species stabilize pollination services through response diversity, but not cross-scale redundancy

description: Substantial evidence suggests that biodiversity can stabilize ecosystem
 function, but how it does this is less clear. In very general terms, the
 hypothesis is that biodiversity stabilizes function because having more
 species increases the role of compensatory dynamics, which occur when
 species in a community show different responses to the environment. Here,
 we focus on two forms of compensatory dynamics, cross-scale resilience
 (CSR) and response diversity (RD). CSR occurs when species respond to a
 disturbance at different scales, such that scale-specific disturbances do
 not negatively affect all species. RD occurs when species contributing to
 the same function show different responses to an environmental change. We
 developed a new analytical approach that can compare the strength of CSR
 and RD in the same dataset, and used it to study native bee pollination of
 blueberry at 16 farms that varied in surrounding agricultural land use. We
 then asked whether CSR and RD among bee species are associated with the
 stability of blueberry pollination. Although CSR and RD were both
 present, only RD was associated with higher stability of pollination.
 Furthermore, the effects of RD on stability were due to a single
 widespread species, Andrena bradleyi, that is a specialist on blueberry
 and unlike other bee species, was highly abundant at farms surrounded by
 intensive blueberry agriculture. Thus, the stabilizing effect we observed
 was attributable to an 'identity effect' more than to species
 richness per se. Our results demonstrate how CSR and RD can be empirically
 measured and compared and highlight how the theoretical expectations of
 the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning field are not always upheld when
 confronted with real-world data.
description: We collected data from 16 commercial highbush blueberry farms in
 southern New Jersey from 2011-2012. At each farm, we assessed the percent
 of surrounding land cover in agriculture using spatial data from the New
 Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information
 System (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis). Farm sites were chosen so that
 percent of agriculture surrounding the farm at small (300 m radius) and
 large (1500 m radius) spatial scales were not correlated.
 Bees were hand-netted from blueberry flowers at each farm in 2011
 and 2012. Collections took place during peak bloom (mid-April through
 mid-May in our study region), with netting taking place only on relatively
 warm sunny days with little wind. Within each year, we collected data at
 each farm on three different days; on each day, we collected bees twice,
 once in the morning and once in the afternoon.
description: # Dominant species stabilize pollination services through response
 diversity, but not cross-scale redundancy
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs9c](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs9c) ## Description of the data and file structure We collected data to determine whether two mechanisms (cross-scale redundancy and response diversity) increased the stability of pollination across space. Data included bee species abundances at different sites. Data also includes bee species per-visit pollen deposition, and the percent of agricultural land use surrounding each range at ten different radii. ### Files and variables #### File: CSR\_FINAL.rds **Description:** First main data file. Has one row per bee species by site by radius combination. Includes information on bee abundances, bee pollen deposition, and agricultural land use. #### File: CSR\_GAMS\_R2.rds **Description:** Repeats the data found in CSR_RAW.rds, but in a different format. #### File: CSR\_SIMS\_PRES.rds **Description:** Presence-absence matrix, recording which bee species were present in each simulation. #### File: CSR\_RAW\.rds **Description:** Has one row for each bee species by radius combination. Includes the r2 of the relationship between agricultural land use and pollination, for each species at each radius. #### File: CSR\_SIMS.rds **Description:** Second main data file. Has one row per simulation run. Includes information on measured RD, measured CSR, stability, and richness for that simulation run. ## Code/software The analysis was run in R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21) on the following platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit), running under: macOS Catalina 13.6.6. Required packages are included in the main code file. Code is available on Zenodo.