DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh715x
title: Adaptive response of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) to climate and altitude in the temperate forests of South Korea

description: Understanding climatic effect on wildlife is essential to prediction and
 management of climate change’s impact on the ecosystem. The climatic
 effect can interact with other environmental factors. This study aimed to
 determine effects of climate and altitude on Siberian roe deer (Capreolus
 pygargus) activity in temperate forests of South Korea. We conducted
 camera trapping to investigate roe deer’s activity level from spring to
 fall. Logistic regressions were used to determine effects of diel period,
 temperature, rain, and altitude on the activity level. A negative
 relationship was noted between temperature and the activity level due to
 thermoregulatory costs. Roe deer activity exhibited nocturnal and
 crepuscular patterns during summer and the other seasons, respectively,
 possibly due to heat stress in summer. In addition, the effect of
 temperature differed between high- and low-altitude areas. In low-altitude
 areas, temperature affected negatively the activity level throughout the
 study period. Conversely, in high-altitude areas, temperature affected
 activity levels only in summer and early fall. Lower temperatures in
 higher altitudes favoured roe deer activity, resulting in roe deer’s
 preference towards higher altitude areas. However, roe deer’s movement
 toward lower altitudes was observed in summer. Reduced heat stress by
 changing activity pattern allowed them to access lower altitude areas with
 greater resource availability during summer. This study revealed how roe
 deer activity varied across seasons and altitudes, considering the
 interactions among weather, microclimate and resource availability. It
 provides insight into how montane species adapt to various climatic
 conditions, and this could have important implications for wildlife
 management and conservation efforts.
description: The camera trapping method was
 used to observe temporal variations in roe deer capture (sampling days:
 September to October 2021 and April to August 2022). In the study area, a
 5 × 6 grid design (interval = 600 m) was established, and one trail camera
 (Spec Ops Elite HP4; Browning Co., USA) was deployed corresponding to each
 cell of the grid. The study period was divided into five seasons, and
 further analyses were performed for each season: spring (15 April to 15
 May, 960 trap-days), early summer (16 May to 30 June, 1380 trap-days),
 summer (1 July to 31 August, 1860 trap-days), early fall (September, 900
 trap-days) and fall (October, 810 trap-days). The camera-plot altitudes
 were categorised into four classes: 600 (600–800 m asl, n = 3), 800
 (800–1,000 m asl, n = 10), 1,000 (1,000–1,200 m asl, n = 11) and 1,200
 (1,200–1,400 m asl, n = 6). We created
 a roedeer variable as presence/absence of observation per 2-h in each
 altitude class. In order to account for sampling effort depending on
 altitude, a weight variable was created as the total
 number of plots/the number of plots at the altitude.
 A temp variable is a predicted value of
 temperature at an altitude of 1,000 m, based on temperature data from a
 weather station, located 560 m asl. A
 rainy variable was established based on precipitation data from the
 weather station; it determined whether precipitation of sampling day was 0
 mm or not. The diel variable explains diel period, such as dawn, day, dusk
 and night. Dawn and dusk were designated as the time within 2 h before and
 after sunrise and sunset,
 respectively.
description: This README file was generated on 2023-09-22 by Tae-Kyung Eom. GENERAL
 INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Adaptive response of Siberian roe deer
 (Capreolus pygargus) to climate and altitude in the temperate forests of
 South Korea 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact
 Information Name: Tae-Kyung Eom Institution: Chung-Ang University Address:
 Ansung, South Korea Email: xorud147@naver.com <br> B. Associate or
 Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Jae-Kang Lee Institution:
 Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea <br> Name: Dong-Ho
 Lee Institution: Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea
 <br> Name: Hyeongyu Ko Institution: Chung-Ang University Address:
 Ansung, South Korea <br> Name: Shin-Jae Rhim Institution: Chung-Ang
 University Address: Ansung, South Korea 3. Date of data collection (single
 date, range, approximate date): 2021-2022 4. Geographic location of data
 collection: Mt. Gariwang, Pyeongchang, South Korea 5. Information about
 funding sources that supported the collection of the data: None
 SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data:
 CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain 2. Links to publications that
 cite or use the data: Eom, T. K., Lee, J. K., Lee, D. H., Ko, H. &
 Rhim, S. J. (2023). Adaptive response of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus
 pygargus) to climate and altitude in the temperate forests of South Korea.
 Wildlife Biology. 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the
 data: None 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: None 5. Was data
 derived from another source? No A. If yes, list source(s): NA 6.
 Recommended citation for this dataset: Eom, T. K., Lee, J. K., Lee, D. H.,
 Ko, H. & Rhim, S. J. (2023). Data from: Adaptive response of
 Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) to climate and altitude in the
 temperate forests of South Korea. Dryad Digital Repository.
 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mkkwh715x DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1.
 File List: A) dataset.csv 2. Relationship between files, if important:
 None 3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the
 current data package: None 4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset?
 No A. If yes, name of file(s) that was updated: NA i. Why was the file
 updated? NA ii. When was the file updated? NA
 #########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: dataset.csv 1. Number of variables: 9 2.
 Number of cases/rows: 12000 3. Variable List: * season: spring, early
 summer, summer, early autumn and autumn * date: date of capture
 (mm/dd/yyyy) * diel: diel period including dawn, day, dusk and night * hr:
 2-h period of capture * alt: altitude, categorized into 600-800 (600),
 800-1,000 (800), 1,000-1,200 (1000) and 1,200+ (1200) (meters) * roedeer:
 presence/absence of roe deer capture * temp: predicted value of
 temperature at altitude of 1,000m (℃) * rainy: rainy day, determined
 whether precipitation of sampling day was 0 mm or not * weight: the total
 number of plots/the number of plots at the altitude class 4. Missing data
 codes: None 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None