cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127625
title: Supplementary Material for: Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Ameliorate Motor Deficits in Rabbits in a Cerebral Palsy Model

description: Cerebral palsy (CP) has a significant impact on both patients and society, but therapy is limited. Human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC), containing various stem and progenitor cells, have been used to treat various brain genetic conditions. In small animal experiments, HUCBC have improved outcomes after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury. Clinical trials using HUCBC are underway, testing feasibility, safety and efficacy for neonatal injury as well as CP. We tested HUCBC therapy in a validated rabbit model of CP after acute changes secondary to HI injury had subsided. Following uterine ischemia at 70% gestation, we infused HUCBC into newborn rabbit kits with either mild or severe neurobehavioral changes. Infusion of high-dose HUCBC (5 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells) dramatically altered the natural history of the injury, alleviating the abnormal phenotype including posture, righting reflex, locomotion, tone, and dystonia. Half the high dose showed lesser but still significant improvement. The swimming test, however, showed that joint function did not restore to naïve control function in either group. Tracing HUCBC with either MRI biomarkers or PCR for human DNA found little penetration of HUCBC in the newborn brain in the immediate newborn period, suggesting that the beneficial effects were not due to cellular integration or direct proliferative effects but rather to paracrine signaling. This is the first study to show that HUCBC improve motor performance in a dose-dependent manner, perhaps by improving compensatory repair processes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127631.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Influence of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, Progesterone and Sex Steroids on Mineralocorticoid Receptor Transactivation in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency leads to accumulation of steroid precursors and adrenal androgens. These steroids may have a biological effect on the steroid receptor with clinical consequences on diagnostics and treatment in CAH patients. Therefore, we analysed the effect of accumulated steroids [17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone] on aldosterone-mediated transactivation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A transactivation assay using transiently transfected COS7 cells was employed. Cells were co-transfected with hMR-cDNA, MMTV-luciferase and renilla-luciferase expression vectors. Transfected cells were incubated with six different steroid concentrations in addition to aldosterone (10<sup>-10</sup>M). Luciferase and renilla activities were measured to quantify hMR transactivation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Linear regression analysis showed statistically significant linear inhibition of transactivation of the hMR by 10<sup>-10</sup>M aldosterone in the presence of increasing 17OHP [F(1,5) = 11.34, p = 0.019] and progesterone [F(1,5) = 11.08, p = 0.021] concentrations. In contrast, neither androstenedione nor testosterone affected hMR transactivation by aldosterone at a concentration of 10<sup>-10</sup>M. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study shows for the first time that neither androstenedione nor testosterone has a biological effect on aldosterone-mediated transactivation of the hMR. 17OHP and progesterone have an anti-mineralocorticoid effect in vitro that may clinically lead to an increased requirement of mineralocorticoids in poorly controlled CAH patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127622.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Interactions between Neutrophils and <b><i>Leishmania braziliensis</i></b> Amastigotes Facilitate Cell Activation and Parasite Clearance

description: <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> and <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> are both causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. However, patient prognosis and the host immune response differ considerably depending on the infecting parasite species. The mechanisms underlying these differences appear to be multifactorial, with both host and parasite components contributing to disease outcome. As neutrophils are a prominent component of the inflammatory infiltrate in chronic cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions, we examined neutrophil activation and microbicidal activity against amastigotes of <i>L. amazonensis </i>and <i>L. braziliensis</i>. We found that murine neutrophils internalized <i>L. braziliensis </i>amastigotes with greater efficiency than did <i>L. amazonensis </i>amastigotes. Additionally, <i>L. braziliensis </i>infection was a potent trigger for neutrophil activation, oxidative burst, degranulation and the production of interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-10, while <i>L. amazonensis </i>amastigotes poorly induced these responses. Finally, neutrophils were able to kill <i>L. braziliensis </i>amastigotes, especially when cells were activated with phorbol myristate acetate. <i>L. amazonensis</i> amastigotes, however, were highly resistant to neutrophil microbicidal mechanisms. This study reveals, for the first time, differential neutrophil responsiveness to distinct species of <i>Leishmania</i> amastigotes and highlights the complexity of neutrophil-amastigote interactions during chronic leishmaniasis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127616
title: Supplementary Material for: Cerebral Lesions on 7 Tesla MRI in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at a high risk to develop cerebral damage. Most common are silent cerebral infarctions (SCIs), visible as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI in a patient without neurological deficits. The etiology of SCIs remains largely unclear. In addition, patients are at an increased risk for overt stroke, which is associated with large vessel disease. This classification based on the presence or absence of neurological deficits may not be the most fitting for research purposes, as it does not match the different underlying pathology. A classification based on imaging findings may therefore be a more straightforward approach for research purposes. We explored the feasibility to identify imaging features of SCIs in young, asymptomatic patients with SCA using ultra high-field 7 Tesla (7T) MRI. 7T MRI has a high resolution, which offers a unique chance to investigate small subclinical brain lesions in detail. To explore the superiority of 7T in identifying imaging abnormalities, we compared our results with 3T MRI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ten young, neurologically asymptomatic patients with SCA underwent 7T and 3T MRI; 10 healthy, age-matched controls underwent 7T MRI. We used existing neuroimaging standards to classify the brain lesions. We scored 7T and 3T scans separately, blinded for all other results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using 7T MRI, we identified more patients with intracerebral lesions (9/10 vs. 5/10), a higher total count of WMHs (203 vs. 190, p = 0.016) and more lacunes (5 vs. 4) compared to 3T MRI. Abnormalities seen on 7T, which could not be identified on 3T, were cortical hyperintensities (in 3/10) and a different aspect of irregular WMHs, closely associated with cortical hyperintensities in a patient with large vessel stenosis. In 7 controls, a total of 13 WMHs were present. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Using 7T MRI, we identified more intracerebral lesions compared to 3T, and found several abnormalities not visible on 3T. 7T MRI in SCA seems of particular interest to study the cortical involvement and the relation between WMHs and the cortex. We found some imaging features that are thought to be representative for small vessel disease, including WMHs, lacunes and prominent perivascular spaces; to understand whether small vessel disease plays a role in SCA requires further research.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127613
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Mild Kidney Dysfunction with Silent Brain Lesions in Neurologically Normal Subjects

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been closely associated with stroke. Although a large number of studies reported the relationship between CKD and different types of asymptomatic brain lesions, few comprehensive analyses have been performed for all types of silent brain lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a cross-sectional study involving 1,937 neurologically normal subjects (mean age 59.4 years). Mild CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> or positive proteinuria. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of mild CKD was 8.7%. Univariate analysis revealed an association between CKD and all silent brain lesions, including silent brain infarction, periventricular hyperintensity, subcortical white matter lesion, and microbleeds, in addition to hypertension and diabetes mellitus after adjusting for age and sex. In binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of CKD was a significant risk factor for all types of silent brain lesions, independent of other risk factors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results suggest that mild CKD is independently associated with all types of silent brain lesions, even in neurologically normal subjects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127616.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Cerebral Lesions on 7 Tesla MRI in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at a high risk to develop cerebral damage. Most common are silent cerebral infarctions (SCIs), visible as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI in a patient without neurological deficits. The etiology of SCIs remains largely unclear. In addition, patients are at an increased risk for overt stroke, which is associated with large vessel disease. This classification based on the presence or absence of neurological deficits may not be the most fitting for research purposes, as it does not match the different underlying pathology. A classification based on imaging findings may therefore be a more straightforward approach for research purposes. We explored the feasibility to identify imaging features of SCIs in young, asymptomatic patients with SCA using ultra high-field 7 Tesla (7T) MRI. 7T MRI has a high resolution, which offers a unique chance to investigate small subclinical brain lesions in detail. To explore the superiority of 7T in identifying imaging abnormalities, we compared our results with 3T MRI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ten young, neurologically asymptomatic patients with SCA underwent 7T and 3T MRI; 10 healthy, age-matched controls underwent 7T MRI. We used existing neuroimaging standards to classify the brain lesions. We scored 7T and 3T scans separately, blinded for all other results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using 7T MRI, we identified more patients with intracerebral lesions (9/10 vs. 5/10), a higher total count of WMHs (203 vs. 190, p = 0.016) and more lacunes (5 vs. 4) compared to 3T MRI. Abnormalities seen on 7T, which could not be identified on 3T, were cortical hyperintensities (in 3/10) and a different aspect of irregular WMHs, closely associated with cortical hyperintensities in a patient with large vessel stenosis. In 7 controls, a total of 13 WMHs were present. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Using 7T MRI, we identified more intracerebral lesions compared to 3T, and found several abnormalities not visible on 3T. 7T MRI in SCA seems of particular interest to study the cortical involvement and the relation between WMHs and the cortex. We found some imaging features that are thought to be representative for small vessel disease, including WMHs, lacunes and prominent perivascular spaces; to understand whether small vessel disease plays a role in SCA requires further research.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127601
title: Supplementary Material for: The Impact of Individualized Interaction on the Quality of Life of Elderly Dependent on Care as a Result of Dementia: A Study with a Pre-Post Design

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim was to assess the impact of a one-to-one 30-min individualized interaction per day on the behavior and quality of life of care-dependent residents with dementia. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>In a<b> </b>pre-/post-test study, 15 care-dependent residents with dementia (mean age 88.8 years, 86.7% women) were included. Resident behavior was measured using video observation and quality of life using Qualidem. Health care professionals (n = 13) and direct relatives (n = 4) were interviewed about the effect of the intervention. The effect of the intervention was analyzed using the Friedman analysis of variance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The video observation showed that maintaining eye contact, touching, responding to speaking, tracking observable stimuli and asking questions about the activity significantly increased during the intervention. These findings were supported by interviews with nurses who described experiences of making human-to-human contact with the residents. No significant overall changes were found in quality of life. These findings were partially supported by interviews with health care professionals and relatives as some perceived effects beyond the 30-min intervention. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Interaction offered on a one-to-one basis tailored to individual preferences significantly improved positive interactive behavior of care-dependent residents with dementia during the intervention. Surveys revealed no significant overall effect of the intervention. The interviews indicated there might be effects beyond the intervention for some residents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127604
title: Supplementary Material for: Real-World Outcome Analysis of Continuously and Intermittently Treated Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis after Switching to a Biologic Agent

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Clinical studies of continuous versus intermittent biologic therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis demonstrate improved efficacy with continuous treatment. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To analyse Swedish real-world data of continuously and intermittently treated biologic-naïve patients after switching to a biologic agent. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is an observational study based on PsoReg, the Swedish registry for systemic psoriasis treatment. Outcome effects in biologic-naïve patients who switched to a biologic agent (n = 351) were analysed in groups of continuous, intermittent and terminated treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Intermittently treated patients (n = 50) reported higher Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index values after switching than patients with continuous (n = 260) or terminated treatment (n = 41). <b><i>Study Limitations:</i></b> The reason for intermittent treatment was not recorded. The intermittently treated patients may be a heterogeneous group and a limitation is that it cannot be determined whether less than continuous use was offered to handle negative aspects. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with continuous biologic treatment tend to achieve better outcomes compared to intermittently treated patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127607
title: Supplementary Material for: Risk of Major Hemorrhage after Kidney Transplantation

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Major hemorrhagic events are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We examined the three-year cumulative incidence of hospitalization with major nontraumatic hemorrhage after kidney transplantation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective cohort study using healthcare administrative data of all adult-incident kidney-only transplantation recipients in Ontario, Canada from 1994 to 2009. We calculated the three-year cumulative incidence, event rate, and incident rate ratio of hospitalization with major hemorrhage, its subtypes and those undergoing a hemorrhage-related procedure. Results were stratified by patient age and donor type and compared to a random and propensity-score matched sample from the general population. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 4,958 kidney transplant recipients, the three-year cumulative incidence of hospitalization with nontraumatic major hemorrhage was 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-4.1%, 12.7 events per 1,000 patient-years) compared to 0.4% (95% CI 0.4-0.5%) in the general population (RR = 8.2, 95% CI 6.9-9.7). The crude risk of hemorrhage was 3-9-fold higher in all subtypes (upper/lower gastrointestinal, intra-cranial) and 15-fold higher for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures compared to the random sample from the general population. After propensity score matching, the relative risk for major hemorrhage and its subtypes attenuated but remained elevated. The cumulative incidence of hemorrhage was higher for older individuals and those with a deceased donor kidney. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Kidney transplantation recipients have a higher risk of hospitalization with hemorrhage compared to the general population, with about 1 in 30 recipients experiencing a major hemorrhage in the three years following transplant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127610
title: Supplementary Material for: Global Obesity Study on Drivers for Weight Reduction Strategies

description: <b><i>Objective: </i></b>To assess factors determining the reaction of individuals to the threats of overweight and obesity and to examine the interdependencies between weight-reducing strategies. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>Cross-country survey covering 19 countries and 13,155 interviews. Data were analysed using a bivariate probit model that allows simultaneously analysing two weight-reducing strategies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Results show that weight-reducing strategies chosen are not independent from each other. Findings also reveal that different strategies are chosen by different population segments. Women are more likely to change their dietary patterns and less likely to become physically active after surpassing a weight threshold. In addition, the probability of a dietary change in case of overweight differs considerably between countries. The study also reveals that attitudes are an important factor for the strategy choice. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It is vital for public health policies to understand determinants of citizens' engagement in weight reduction strategies once a certain threshold is reached. Thus, results can support the design of public health campaigns and programmes that aim to change community or national health behaviour trends taking into account, e.g., national differences.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127601.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Impact of Individualized Interaction on the Quality of Life of Elderly Dependent on Care as a Result of Dementia: A Study with a Pre-Post Design

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim was to assess the impact of a one-to-one 30-min individualized interaction per day on the behavior and quality of life of care-dependent residents with dementia. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>In a<b> </b>pre-/post-test study, 15 care-dependent residents with dementia (mean age 88.8 years, 86.7% women) were included. Resident behavior was measured using video observation and quality of life using Qualidem. Health care professionals (n = 13) and direct relatives (n = 4) were interviewed about the effect of the intervention. The effect of the intervention was analyzed using the Friedman analysis of variance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The video observation showed that maintaining eye contact, touching, responding to speaking, tracking observable stimuli and asking questions about the activity significantly increased during the intervention. These findings were supported by interviews with nurses who described experiences of making human-to-human contact with the residents. No significant overall changes were found in quality of life. These findings were partially supported by interviews with health care professionals and relatives as some perceived effects beyond the 30-min intervention. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Interaction offered on a one-to-one basis tailored to individual preferences significantly improved positive interactive behavior of care-dependent residents with dementia during the intervention. Surveys revealed no significant overall effect of the intervention. The interviews indicated there might be effects beyond the intervention for some residents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127604.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Real-World Outcome Analysis of Continuously and Intermittently Treated Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis after Switching to a Biologic Agent

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Clinical studies of continuous versus intermittent biologic therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis demonstrate improved efficacy with continuous treatment. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To analyse Swedish real-world data of continuously and intermittently treated biologic-naïve patients after switching to a biologic agent. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is an observational study based on PsoReg, the Swedish registry for systemic psoriasis treatment. Outcome effects in biologic-naïve patients who switched to a biologic agent (n = 351) were analysed in groups of continuous, intermittent and terminated treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Intermittently treated patients (n = 50) reported higher Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index values after switching than patients with continuous (n = 260) or terminated treatment (n = 41). <b><i>Study Limitations:</i></b> The reason for intermittent treatment was not recorded. The intermittently treated patients may be a heterogeneous group and a limitation is that it cannot be determined whether less than continuous use was offered to handle negative aspects. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with continuous biologic treatment tend to achieve better outcomes compared to intermittently treated patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127610.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Global Obesity Study on Drivers for Weight Reduction Strategies

description: <b><i>Objective: </i></b>To assess factors determining the reaction of individuals to the threats of overweight and obesity and to examine the interdependencies between weight-reducing strategies. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>Cross-country survey covering 19 countries and 13,155 interviews. Data were analysed using a bivariate probit model that allows simultaneously analysing two weight-reducing strategies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Results show that weight-reducing strategies chosen are not independent from each other. Findings also reveal that different strategies are chosen by different population segments. Women are more likely to change their dietary patterns and less likely to become physically active after surpassing a weight threshold. In addition, the probability of a dietary change in case of overweight differs considerably between countries. The study also reveals that attitudes are an important factor for the strategy choice. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It is vital for public health policies to understand determinants of citizens' engagement in weight reduction strategies once a certain threshold is reached. Thus, results can support the design of public health campaigns and programmes that aim to change community or national health behaviour trends taking into account, e.g., national differences.