DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kvp
title: Data from: Plant responses to herbivory shift the contributions of different pollinator taxa to plant reproduction

description: Both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions affect plant survival and
 reproduction. Plant responses to antagonists such as herbivores are
 expected to negatively impact plant interactions with mutualistic
 pollinators and plant fitness, but there is mixed support for this idea.
 Bee taxa vary in their effectiveness as pollinators and their preferences
 for floral traits, both of which may be affected by herbivory. Therefore,
 the behavioral responses of specific pollinators to herbivory could
 determine if and how herbivory exerts reproductive costs for plants. We
 manipulated herbivory on Physalis philadelphica (tomatillo) using Lema
 daturaphila beetles and simulated the plant’s physiological response to
 herbivory using jasmonic acid (JA). We evaluated how herbivory and JA
 treatments affected overall pollinator importance to plant reproduction by
 different bee taxa (generalists Apis mellifera, Bombus, Augochlorini,
 Lasioglossum and the specialist Colletes latitarsis). We calculated
 pollinator importance by combining per-visit effectiveness (fruit weight
 and percent fruit set) with bee abundance. Relative to the control,
 herbivory reduced the overall pollinator importance of C. latitarsis bees
 but no other taxa. Herbivory affected fruit weight following visits by
 Augochlorini but had no overall effect on Augochlorini pollinator
 importance, demonstrating that the pollinator importance metric describes
 a distinct net effect of herbivory on pollination services. Nectar
 foraging was positively associated with fruit set for all taxa. Herbivory
 treatment affected foraging only for C. latitarsis, which had higher rates
 of nectar foraging on herbivore-treated compared with control plants.
 Treatment had inconsistent effects on taxon-specific visit duration, with
 JA increasing Lasioglossum visit duration in one of two study years. Our
 results suggest that variation in pollinator community composition could
 alter the strength and direction of herbivore effects on pollination,
 possibly explaining the inconsistent support for hypothesized
 herbivore-driven pollination deficits. Therefore, the identity of
 interaction partners may determine whether the expected tradeoffs between
 managing mutualists and antagonists occur.
description: # Data from: Plant responses to herbivory shift the contributions of
 different pollinator taxa to plant reproduction Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kvp](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kvp) ##
 Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables ####
 File: Oikos_2020_bee_behavior_observations.csv **Description:** contains
 information on bee visit duration and bee visitation frequency (per
 foraging bout). ##### Variables * "block" refers to the spatial
 block where the plant was growing in the field * "treat" refers
 to the experimental treatment: C = control, H = herbivore-treated with
 beetles, J = JA-treated with jasmonic acid * "id" refers to the
 unique ID assigned to the plant * "n_flow" refers to the number
 of flowers on the plant on the day the observation occurred *
 "morphosp" refers to the bee taxon, identified to the lowest
 taxonomic resolution possible (genus or species) *
 "total_sec_flow" refers to the time the bee spent visiting
 flowers during the observation period * "n_visit" refers to the
 number of flowers the bee visited during the observation period *
 "trial_length_sec" refers to the length of time the trial
 lasted. This was standardized except in cases where the observer lost
 track of the bee. * "secperflow" refers to the average time the
 bee spent foraging per flower, calculated by dividing
 "total_sec_flow"/"n_visit" * NA values occur in cases
 of missing data for flower abundance; a small subset of plants did not
 have flowers counted during the observation period. #### File:
 Oikos_2020_cross_season_abundance.csv **Description:** contains data on
 cross season abundance of all taxa, including uncommon bees, flies and
 wasps. ##### Variables * "block" refers to the spatial block
 where the plant was growing in the field * "treat" refers to the
 experimental treatment: C = control, H = herbivore-treated with beetles, J
 = JA-treated with jasmonic acid * "id" refers to the unique ID
 assigned to the plant * "total_flow" refers to the total number
 of flowers counted on the plant across the entire season *
 "n_samp_dates" refers to the number of observation periods
 conducted * "total_visitors" refers to the total number of
 visits the plant recieved from all taxa, including focal bee taxa, rarer
 bee taxa and flies * NA values occur in cases of missing data for flower
 abundance; a small subset of plants did not have flowers quantified across
 the entire season. #### File: Oikos_2020_focal_taxa_abundance.csv
 **Description:** contains data on cross season abundance of the five focal
 taxa. ##### Variables * "id" refers to the unique ID assigned to
 the plant * "Apis.mellifera" refers to the total number of Apis
 mellifera observed on the plant across the entire season * "Bombus.sp
 refers to the total number of Bombus bees observed on the plant across the
 entire season * "Colletes.latitarsis" refers to the total number
 of Colletes latitarsis observed on the plant across the entire season *
 "Lasioglossum.sp" refers to the total number of Lasioglossum
 bees observed on the plant across the entire season #### File:
 Oikos_2020_total_plant_yield.csv **Description:** contains data on mass of
 fruit harvested from each plant. ##### Variables * "block"
 refers to the spatial block where the plant was growing in the field *
 "treat" refers to the experimental treatment: C = control, H =
 herbivore-treated with beetles, J = JA-treated with jasmonic acid *
 "id" refers to the unique ID assigned to the plant *
 "total_yield_grams" refers to the total fruit weight harvested
 from the plant #### File: Oikos_2021_fruit_weight_poll_obs.csv
 **Description:** contains data on individual fruit weight from single
 visit trials. ##### Variables * "fruit_weight_g" refers to the
 mass of the fruit (g) * "treatment" refers to experimental
 treatment c = control, h=herbivore-treated with beetles, h=JA-treated with
 jasmonic acid * "morphospecies" refers to the bee taxon
 identified to the lowest possible resolution (genus or species) *
 "days_to_harvest" refers to the time it took the fruit to ripen
 (# days from pollination to harvest) * "block" refers to the
 spatial block where the plant was growing in the field *
 "plant_id" refers to the unique ID assigned to the plant *
 "pol_or_nec" refers to whether the bee was foraging for pollen,
 nectar, or both * "pol_bin" is a binary variable referring to
 whether the bee foraged for pollen (regardless of whether it also foraged
 for nectar) * "nec_bin" is a binary variable referring to
 whether the bee foraged for nectar (regardless of whether it also foraged
 for pollen) * "time_flow" refers to the total time the bee spent
 foraging on the flower (seconds) * "n_dehisced_a" refers to the
 number of deshisced anthers at the time of insect visitation * empty cells
 occur in cases of missing data. These data are missing because observers
 were unable to record whether bees were feeding on pollen or nectar,
 foraging duration, or anther dehiscence for every single visitor. ####
 File: Oikos_2021_fruit_set_poll_obs.csv **Description:** contains data on
 fruit set following single visit trials. ##### Variables *
 "fruit_set" is a binary variable indicating whether or not the
 fruit set (0 = no, 1 = yes) * "treatment" refers to experimental
 treatment c = control, h=herbivore-treated with beetles, h=JA-treated with
 jasmonic acid * "morphospecies" refers to the bee taxon
 identified to the lowest possible resolution (genus or species) *
 "pol_or_nec" refers to whether the bee was foraging for pollen,
 nectar, or both * "julian_date" refers to the date the flower
 was pollinated * "plant_id" refers to the unique ID assigned to
 the plant * "block" refers to the spatial block where the plant
 was growing in the field * "time_flow" refers to the total time
 the bee spent foraging on the flower (seconds) * "n_dehisced_a"
 refers to the number of deshisced anthers at the time of insect visitation
 * empty cells occur in cases of missing data. These data are missing
 because observers were unable to record whether bees were feeding on
 pollen or nectar, foraging duration, or anther dehiscence for every single
 visitor. #### File: Oikos_2021_poll_importance.csv **Description:**
 contains data on pollinator importance values and pollinator abundance.
 ##### Variables * "plant_id" refers to the unique ID assigned to
 the plant * "morphospecies" refers to the bee taxon, identified
 to the lowest possible resolution (genus or species) *
 "n_bees_morph" refers to the number of bees of the given
 "morphospecies" observed on that plant across the season *
 "n_dates" refers to the number of observation trials conducted
 for that plant * "block" refers to the spatial block where the
 plant was growing in the field * "treatment" refers to
 experimental treatment. c = control, h=herbivore-treated with beetles,
 h=JA-treated with jasmonic acid * "avg_fruit_weight" refers to
 the average weight of a fruit pollinated by a given bee taxon on that
 plant. Empty cells occur in cases of missing data. Fruit weight data are
 missing if either a) no flower visited by the given taxon on a given plant
 set fruit, or b) the given taxon never visited the given plant. *
 "prop_fs" refers to the proportion of fruits that set following
 a single visit by a given bee taxon on that plant. This was calculated by
 dividing the number of flowers recorded as tagged AND that set fruit by
 the total number of flowers recorded as tagged for fruit set following a
 visit by that taxon. A subset (6) rows have "prop_fs" values of
 0, despite having fruit weight measurements. This occurs because
 occasionally flowers were not recorded as tagged; these cases were not
 included in proportion fruit set calculations because any instances of
 this happening with negative fruit set would result in censoring. Empty
 cells occur in cases of missing values. These data are missing when either
 a) the given taxon never visited the given plant, or b) the given taxon
 did visit the plant but no flowers visited by the taxon were tagged for
 fruit set. * "poll_imp" refers to the pollinator importance
 calculation for a given bee taxon for each individual plant. the
 pollinator importance metric is calculated by multiplying
 "n_bees_morph" * "avg_fruit_weight" *
 "prop_fs". Empty cells occur in cases of missing values. It was
 not possible to calculate the pollinator importance metric for taxa that
 visited but had no data for fruit set. * "allseasflow" refers to
 the total number of flowers counted on that plant across the entire season
 * "n_visitors_allseas" refers to the total number of floral
 visitors observed across the season, including focal taxa and non-focal
 taxa. * empty cells occur in cases of missing data. These data are missing
 because observers were unable to record whether bees were feeding on
 pollen or nectar, foraging duration, or anther dehiscence for every single
 visitor. #### File: Oikos_2021_nectar_pollen_foraging.csv
 **Description:** contains data on bee foraging duration and resource
 foraged (pollen, nectar or both) collected during 5-minute trials. #####
 Variables * "treatment" refers to experimental treatment c =
 control, h=herbivore-treated with beetles, h=JA-treated with jasmonic acid
 * "morphospecies" refers to the bee taxon, identified to the
 lowest possible resolution (genus or species) * "block" refers
 to the spatial block where the plant was growing in the field *
 "plant_id" refers to the unique ID assigned to the plant *
 "pol_or_nec" refers to whether the bee was foraging for pollen,
 nectar, or both * "pol_bin" is a binary variable referring to
 whether the bee foraged for pollen at all (regardless of whether it also
 foraged for nectar) * "nec_bin" is a binary variable referring
 to whether the bee foraged for nectar at all (regardless of whether it
 also foraged for pollen) * "date" refers to the date the
 observation took place * "n_flow" refers to the number flowers
 on the plant at the time of observation * "time_flow" refers to
 how long the bee stayed on the flower (seconds) * empty cells occur in
 cases of missing data. These data are missing because observers were
 unable to record whether bees were feeding on pollen or nectar, foraging
 duration, or anther dehiscence for every single visitor. #### File:
 Oikos_2021_seeds_fruit_sugar.csv **Description:** contains data on the
 number of seeds and seed weight for a subset of fruits from single visit
 trials, used to test for a correlation between fruit weight and seed
 number/seed weight. ##### Variables *"treatment" refers to
 experimental treatment c = control, h=herbivore-treated with beetles,
 h=JA-treated with jasmonic acid * "plant_id" refers to the
 unique ID assigned to the plant * "morphospecies" refers to the
 bee taxon, identified to the lowest possible resolution (genus or species)
 * "sugar_content" refers to the %brix measured for the fruit *
 "n_seeds" refers to the number of seeds in the fruit *
 "seed_weight_g" refers to the mass of seeds in the fruit (grams)
 * "fruit_weight_g" refers to the mass of the fruit (grams) *
 "block" refers to the spatial block where the plant was growing
 in the field * empty cells occur in cases of missing data. These data are
 missing because we only counted and weighed seeds for a subset of fruit.
 ## Code/software Microsoft Excel version 16.104