DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8h52
title: Data for: Social-ecological predictors of spotted hyena navigation through a shared landscape

description: Human-wildlife interactions are increasing in severity due to climate
 change and proliferating urbanization. Regions where human infrastructure
 and activity are rapidly densifying or newly appearing constitute novel
 environments in which wildlife must learn to coexist with people, thereby
 serving as ideal case studies with which to infer future human-wildlife
 interactions in shared landscapes. As a widely reviled and behaviorally
 plastic apex predator, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a model
 species for understanding how large carnivores navigate these human-caused
 ‘landscapes of fear’ in a changing world. Using high-resolution GPS collar
 data, we applied resource selection functions and step selection functions
 to assess spotted hyena landscape navigation and fine-scale movement
 decisions in relation to social-ecological features in a rapidly
 developing region comprising two protected areas: Lake Nakuru National
 Park and Soysambu Conservancy, Kenya. We then used camera trap imagery and
 Barrier Behavior Analysis (BaBA) to further examine hyena interactions
 with barriers. Our results show that environmental factors, linear
 infrastructure, human-carnivore conflict hotspots, and human tolerance
 were all important predictors for landscape-scale resource selection by
 hyenas, while human experience elements were less important for fine-scale
 hyena movement decisions. Hyena selection for these characteristics also
 changed seasonally and across land management types. Camera traps
 documented an exceptionally high number of individual spotted hyenas (234)
 approaching the national park fence at 16 sites during the study period,
 and BaBA results suggested that hyenas perceive protected area boundaries’
 semi-permeable electric fences as risky but may cross them out of
 necessity. Our findings highlight that the ability of carnivores to
 flexibly respond within human-caused landscapes of fear may be expressed
 differently depending on context, scale, and climatic factors. These
 results also point to the need to incorporate societal factors into
 multiscale analyses of wildlife movement to effectively plan for
 human-wildlife coexistence.
description: Spotted hyena GPS data were collected from February 2019-December
 2021 in Nakuru County, Kenya. Human perception and
 experience raster data were derived from participatory mapped data
 collected in 2018-2019 from residents of 16 sub-villages in Nakuru County,
 Kenya (see Wilkinson et al. 2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2021.681769). The "distance to roads" raster data were derived from Open Street Maps and by hand tracing roads prior to rasterization.  The "distance to boundaries" raster data were derived from in-person mapping via driving and walking the boundaries of the study region's two protected areas: Lake Nakuru National Park and Soysambu Conservancy. All raster data were derived at 30m spatial resolution.
description: # Data for manuscript: Social-ecological predictors of spotted hyena
 movement through a shared landscape
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8h52](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8h52) Included herein are the raw GPS collar data and author-owned geospatial layers used for analyses of spotted hyena movement through social-ecological landscapes. The manuscript associated with these data can be found here: [https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11293](https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11293) Funding sources that supported the collection of these data: National Geographic Society, Oliver Lyman Fund for Wildlife & Fisheries, Andrew and Mary Thompson Rocca Fellowship, Greenville Zoo, National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Recommended citation for this dataset: Wilkinson, C.E., Xu, W., Luneng Solli, A., Brashares, J.S., Chepkisich, C., Osuka, G., and Kelly, M. 2024. Data from: Social-ecological predictors of spotted hyena movement through a shared landscape. Dryad, Dataset.  Reuse license: All data included herein fall under a CC0 license, with appropriate credit. ## Description of the data and file structure Geographic location of data: Nakuru County, Kenya. Data.csv: GPS data including time, date, latitude, longitude, and individual ID # for the six hyenas included in the movement analysis. Collected from 2019-2021. PA_boundaries_dist.tif: distance to protected areas (raster). Roads_dist.tif: distance to roads (raster). Verified_Conflict_Dist.tif: distance to locations of livestock predation by carnivores as verified by Kenya Wildlife Service (raster). Perceived_Conflict_Dist.tif: distance to locations of livestock predation by carnivores as described by community members in participatory mapping sessions (raster). Perceived_Risk_Dist.tif: distance to locations perceived as risky due to carnivores, as described by community members in participatory mapping sessions (raster).  ## Sharing/Access information Please feel free to reach out if you have any questions or would like assistance in interpreting these data. All data are being  Raster data were derived from the following sources: * distance to roads: Open Street Maps and author-derived * distance to boundaries: author-derived via on-the-ground mapping * (distance to) perceived conflict, perceived risk, and verified conflict rasters were derived from participatory mapped and georeferenced government-collected data as described in Wilkinson et al. 2021: [https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2021.681769](https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2021.681769) For detailed descriptions of packages and methods used in analyses, please view the published manuscript associated with these data: [https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11293](https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11293)