DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmv8
title: Thermal extremes likely trigger metabolic imbalance in coral holobionts

description: Coral reefs are facing increasingly frequent and intense periods of
 anomalously high temperatures in the Anthropocene. Metabolism scales
 directly with temperature and we hypothesized that at peak temperatures
 oxygen consumption may outpace photosynthetic oxygen production in coral
 holobionts, leading to metabolic challenges, particularly at night when
 photosynthesis is not occurring. To investigate this we compiled a dataset
 of metabolic rates extracted from the published literature of respiration
 and photosynthetic rates of corals and then modelled these rates using a
 thermal performance curve approach. From this we could estimate the
 thermal optima (Topt), activation energy (E) and deactivation energy (ED)
 of each metabolic rate. We found a largely consistent trend across
 latitudinal regions and taxa that net photosynthesis peaks at temperatures
 lower than respiration, and begins to decline while respiration is still
 increasing impacting the oxygen budget of the holobiont. This dataset
 includes the rates per temperature that were extracted for each published
 article for respiration, net photosynthesis and gross photosynthesis. P:R
 ratio was calculated from these values, as well as gross or net
 photosynthesis in the case where one of these rates was missing. The full
 methods is available in the associated manuscript on how studies were
 selected. All rates are expressed as μmol O2 cm-2 h-1 except in the case
 of P:R ratio, which is unitless. We also included pertinent information
 from each study such as the coral species, location the corals were
 collected from, the temperature, light conditions, number of replicates,
 experimental duration where applicable as well as the ramping rate and
 references.
description: # Thermal extremes likely trigger metabolic imbalance in coral holobionts
 Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.qz612jmv8](10.5061/dryad.qz612jmv8)
 **Description of the data and file structure** This dataset contains
 metabolic rates of hermatypic corals extracted from experimental
 assessments in the published literature, compiled following an exhaustive
 literature review. Included are hourly metabolic rates along with the
 associated incubation temperature for each observation. Where only dark
 respiration and net photosynthesis were reported, gross photosynthesis and
 the P:R ratio were calculated. The dataset comprises **291 metabolic rate
 entries** (averaged per temperature point) from coral holobionts
 representing a broad range of locations and taxa. All rates have been
 standardized to the units **µmol O₂ cm⁻² h⁻¹**, except the P:R ratio,
 which is unitless. Further analyses (e.g., daily rates, groupings by
 latitude and taxa) are included in the supplementary materials of the
 associated manuscript. ### Files and variables #### File in this
 Repository **Total_Dataset.csv** – Contains all extracted hourly metabolic
 rates from the literature. **Dataset structure and variable descriptions**
 | **Column Name** | **Description** | | :---------------------------------
 |
 :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Coral\_species** | Lowest taxonomic identification of the coral assessed. | | **Location** | Geographic location where corals used in the experiments were originally collected. | | **Latitude** | Latitude (in decimal degrees) of the collection site. | | **Classification** | Classification based on latitude: *Tropical*, *Temperate*, or *Subtropical*. | | **Temperature** | Temperature at which incubations were conducted (°C). | | **Dark\_Respiration** | Mean rate of dark respiration (µmol O₂ cm⁻² h⁻¹). Reported as absolute values. | | **Net\_Productivity** | Mean net photosynthesis rate (µmol O₂ cm⁻² h⁻¹). | | **Gross\_Productivity** | Mean gross photosynthesis rate (µmol O₂ cm⁻² h⁻¹). | | **P:R\_Ratio** | Photosynthesis to respiration ratio; calculated as Gross Productivity / Dark Respiration. | | **Conditions** | Experimental conditions during incubation (e.g., control, temperature stress, etc.). | | **Light\_Intensity** | Light intensity used during incubations. | | **Units** | Units for light intensity (mostly µmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹). | | **Photoperiod** | Light:dark cycle used in the experiment. May be missing for some studies. | | **Time\_of\_measurements** | Time of day when incubations were conducted. | | **n** | Number of replicates used to calculate the average rate in the dataset. | | **Study\_Type** | Whether the experiment was laboratory-based or conducted *in situ*. | | **Experimental\_Duration** | Duration of the experiment. Not applicable to single-timepoint or field incubations. | | **Temperature\_Ramping**\_**Rate** | Rate of temperature change, when applicable. | | **Source** | Figure or table number from the original study where the data were extracted. | | **Season** | The season that incubations were conducted in. | | **Year\_of**\_**Publication** | Year the source study was published. | | **Reference** | Full citation of the original source from which the data were extracted. | **Notes** * All data have been standardized and quality checked to ensure consistency in units and reporting across studies. - Missing values are represented as blanks or NA. - For questions or clarifications, please contact the corresponding author.