DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15498254
title: Effects of the 2024 total solar eclipse upon reception of  North American and trans-Atlantic signals in the medium-wave broadcast band, using software defined radio files recorded in Swanton, VT, USA,  Part 1.

description: Recorded by:  Bill Nollman.

Grid square of location recorded:  FN34jw

Maximum obscuration of the sun was 100% at 1928UT on 8 April 2024.  

These data files are recordings of the entire medium wave broadcast band (535-1705kHz) made during the total solar eclipse of 8 April 2024 from 1809 to 2041UT from Swanton, VT, USA.   They are part of a set of such recordings made from 1945UT on 7 April, 2024 to 0137UT on 9 April, 2024.

Data Quality:  There is  some frequency instability, e.g. >3Hz drift, 8 Apr 2030- 9Apr 0100UT. There is about a 0.5Hz jiggle starting around 1800UT and through the eclipse period.    

Data files are .wav format, but the archived files are .zip, with about five .wav files packaged together in each .zip file, using the prefix “BNollman-wideband_0_2000kHz_ “.  As the total files recorded during the solar eclipse exceeded the Zenodo 50GB limit, the remainder of the dataset is found in “Effects of the total solar eclipse of 2024 upon reception of trans-Atlantic signals in the medium-wave broadcast band, using software defined radio files recorded in Swanton, VT, USA, Part 2”.

The recordings not included here or in Part 2 are available by contacting HamSCI at am-eclipse@hamsci.org, if you require this data. 

Antenna:  Superloop 20'H x 60'L, 245-65 degrees, termination adjusted to near infinite resistance to fill in null.

Receiver:    Perseus, 0dB front end attenuation, with center frequency 1000kHz, recording a 2000kHz wide passband, using Jaguar Pro software.    Hardware was not locked to a frequency standard; 690.0000kHz Montreal was used as reference for Jaguar.

Recording computer time set by NTP at beginning of session only.
description: In the AM broadcast band (535-1705kHz), there are roughly two modes of broadcast station signal coverage, one of which occurs in the daytime, and the other at night. During the day time, signals are propagated by ground wave and not usually heard well beyond 150km from the transmitter. However, at night, an absorptive region in the ionosphere, the D-layer, disappears, allowing signals to refract off higher regions of the ionosphere, and to be heard hundreds and even thousands, of kilometers away from the transmitter. 

The radio stations in this band use amplitude modulation, which requires a strong stable carrier wave, well suited for observing changes in signal characteristics over a time period. During the total solar eclipse of 8 April 2024, signals were observed changing from daytime to nighttime mode, and then back again as the moon's shadow moved across North America. 

In addition, as the eclipse ended in the North Atlantic Ocean, and sunset had already occurred across Europe, a brief darkness path was created between North America and Europe.  This meant that trans-Atlantic medium wave signals were briefly observed in both Eastern North America and in Europe and North Africa.

Included in these files is an installation file for the SDR control and playback software, SDR Console (“SDR-Radio V3.3, 64-bit, 2024-02-05_0741.exe”), to allow a first examination of the .wav files; this is courtesy of Simon Brown, G4ELI, its developer.  The latest version is available at https://www.sdr-radio.com/Console .  Instructions for playing back SDR .wav files in SDR Console for the first-time user are found in “OpeningSDRfilesInConsole.pdf” on this site.

There are also reference files to assist in identifying signals heard :

"AMBC Raw List April_2024.xlsx", for individual broadcaster call letters etc., including transmitter geographical co-ordinates, courtesy of Tim Tromp KE8JFM (https://amdxer.com/ambc/ )

“RDMW-2022-v1.2.2.zip”, for maps of broadcaster locations and transmitter patterns, courtesy of William Scott, WE7W ( https://radio-timetraveller.blogspot.com/ )

"2023-24_IRCA_Mexican_Log.pdf”, courtesy of International Radio Club of America (https://www.ircaonline.org/ )

"IRCA Slogans - March 22, 2024.pdf" for identifying slogans used by radio stations,  courtesy of International Radio Club of America (https://www.ircaonline.org/ )

"20240409-EuropeAfricaMEListing.pdf" lists all medium wave and longwave broadcasters on the air on 9 April 2024 in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, with transmitter co-ordinates and other information, courtesy of Günter Lorenz, DL3GLF, and MWList.org 

"Exact frequencies of medium wave broadcasters.pdf" is a snapshot of a database of fine scale measurement of the frequencies of MW stations worldwide that were current as of April 9, 2024, the day after the total solar eclipse.  They are also courtesy of Günter Lorenz, DL3GLF, and MWList.org  

"Offsets on Medium Wave – some Notes and Examples.pdf" provides further background about measurement of the frequencies of received signals and is courtesy of Nils Schiffhauer, DK8OK 

"2024-04-08-Swanton,_VT-MW_Loggings.pdf" contains information about radio stations identified during the eclipse.

 

Finally, a copy of Carrier Sleuth software (“CarrierSleuthWindowsMay2024.zip”) is included, courtesy of its developer, Chris Smolinski, W3HFU, along with further instructions for use (“CarrierSleuthOverview.pdf” ).   This can be used to view .fft files compressed in “BNollman-9kHzCarrierSleuth-Apr07-09.zip” and "BNollman-10kHzCarrierSleuth-Apr07-09.zip" which will provide waterfall visualizations of all carriers for each AM broadcast band channel during the entire recording period.    Carrier Sleuth may also be used to create new .fft files from the data.  The latest version is available at https://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/medium_wave_carrier_display_app.html .

 

(If this data is used for research, cited in an article, paper, poster or presentation, the participants would expect and appreciate the courtesy of receiving credit for their work.  Questions regarding attribution should be directed to HamSCI, at hamsci@hamsci.org .)