cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2037v
title: Pan-Arctic surface water (yearly and trend over time) 2000-2021

description: Surface water change has been documented across the Arctic due to thawing permafrost and changes in the precipitation/evapotranspiration balance. This dataset uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to track changes in surface water across the region over the past two decades. The superfine water index (SWI) is a unitless global water cover index developed specifically for MODIS data and validated in high northern latitudes. Variation in SWI can also track changes in surface water that occur at the sub-MODIS pixel scale (i.e., changes in water bodies smaller a MODIS pixel, ~500 meters (m)). This dataset (1) maps the average July SWI over pan-Arctic for each year of the MODIS record (2000-2021) and (2) maps the trends in July SWI over 2000-2012 (i.e., Sen's slope of the pixel-wise SWI vs. time). The spatial resolution of this dataset is ~500 m. The yearly SWI files are processed for the entire continuous and discontinuous permafrost zone. The trend file is processed for lake-rich regions of the Arctic (i.e., lake coverage greater than 5%), as was published in the Webb et al, 2022 paper.
DOI: 10.18739/a2086367h
title: Stable Isotopes of the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) from the main core, 21.5 m (meters) to 2120.7 m depth at 5 cm (centimeter) resolution, measured using continuous flow analysis (CFA).

description: This data set is part of a joint international effort for the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), which has retrieved an ice core by drilling through the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS, 75.63°N (North), 35.98°W (West)). Ice streams are responsible for draining a significant fraction of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), and the project was developed to gain new and fundamental information on ice stream dynamics, thereby improving the understanding of how ice streams will contribute to future sea-level change. The drilled core also provides a new record of past climatic conditions from the northeastern part of the GIS. The project has many international partners and is managed by the Centre for Ice and Climate, Denmark with air support carried out by US ski-equipped Hercules aircraft managed through the US (United States) Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation. As of May 2022, approximately 2099.2 m (meters) of ice core have been recovered from the combined efforts of drilling operations in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Here we present records of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 21.5 meters to 2120.7 m depth. Bedrock is estimated to be at a depth of approximately 2550 m; the remaining ice is expected to be recovered in the 2022 and 2023 field seasons. The data product presented here is supported by the National Science Foundation project: Collaborative Research: The fingerprint of abrupt temperature events throughout Greenland during the last glacial period. Award # 1804098.
DOI: 10.18739/a20c4sm3h
title: Black carbon concentration data from the Lake El'gygytgyn and Lake Levinson-Lessing sediment cores, Russia 2021.

description: Here we present lake-sediment records of Arctic black carbon (BC) from the Lake El’gygytgyn and Lake Levinson-Lessing sediment cores spanning the past ~1.5 million years and 50,000 years, respectively. Wildfire emissions are critical unknowns in climate-model predictions under a warming climate, particularly the relationship of large-scale biomass burning and BC emissions to climate forcing. These long-term BC records from Arctic lake sediments enhance our understanding of climate and biomass-burning linkages over different climate states. These BC measurements were made using a conventional Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) (Chellman et al., 2018). They should be considered preliminary so the user is strongly encouraged to contact J. McConnell (joe.mcconnell@dri.edu) or N. Chellman (nathan.chellman@dri.edu) before downloading the Lake El’gygytgyn data and contact M. Arienzo (monica.arienzo@dri.edu) before downloading the Lake Levinson-Lessing data.
DOI: 10.18739/a20g3h05r
title: Minute-averaged methane dry air mole fractions measured at Met City during the 2019-2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition

description: This dataset contains ambient air minute-averaged methane dry air mole fractions measured in the Central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The backbone of MOSAiC was the year-round operation of the Research Vessel Polarstern that drifted with the sea ice across the Central Arctic from October 2019 to September 2020. Measurements were performed on the sea ice itself from a 10 meters (m) flux tower at Met City (meteorological station housing numerous atmospheric measurements) located 300-600 m away from Polarstern.
DOI: 10.18739/a2154dq5h
title: Tidal constituents for the Spitsbergen Bank, Barents Sea. 2018-2019

description: The project contributes to deeper understanding of physical processes in Arctic offshore and coastal zones and in determining physical environmental actions on structures and ships. Special focus of the project is on the regions of current and potential industrial development in Svalbard and North-West Barents Sea. Tidal sea level amplitudes and phases, and maximum velocity at the Spitsbergen Bank, Barents Sea are given for the four major constituents: M2, N2, K1, and O1. The computational domain spans 10 deg E to 30 deg E and 72.5 deg N to 77.5 deg N. The data resolution is .25 min along S-N and 1 min along E-W; thus, the space step is close to 460 meters. The above resolution sets 1200 computational grid points along both directions. The instructions for data extraction and a detailed description of the data are given in README file.
DOI: 10.18739/a2183439q
title: Stable Isotopes of the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) from the main core, 21.5 m (meters) to 2120.7 m depth at 5 cm (centimeter) resolution, measured using continuous flow analysis (CFA).

description: This data set is part of a joint international effort for the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), which has retrieved an ice core by drilling through the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS, 75.63°N (North), 35.98°W (West)). Ice streams are responsible for draining a significant fraction of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), and the project was developed to gain new and fundamental information on ice stream dynamics, thereby improving the understanding of how ice streams will contribute to future sea-level change. The drilled core also provides a new record of past climatic conditions from the northeastern part of the GIS. The project has many international partners and is managed by the Centre for Ice and Climate, Denmark with air support carried out by US ski-equipped Hercules aircraft managed through the US (United States) Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation. As of May 2022, approximately 2099.2 m (meters) of ice core have been recovered from the combined efforts of drilling operations in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Here we present records of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from 21.5 meters to 2120.7 m depth. Bedrock is estimated to be at a depth of approximately 2550 m; the remaining ice is expected to be recovered in the 2022 and 2023 field seasons. The data product presented here is supported by the National Science Foundation project: Collaborative Research: The fingerprint of abrupt temperature events throughout Greenland during the last glacial period. Award # 1804098.
DOI: 10.18739/a21g0hw5k
title: COVID-19 impacts and response in Juneau Alaska 2022

description: The data set contains written transcripts from 50 local key informant interviews in real time about the early phases of COVID-19 impacts and adaptive responses taken by the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska USA. During the early phases of the pandemic (2020) key informants, including healthcare professionals, elected officials, local government managers, and Indigenous peoples, provided in-depth insights and local and Indigenous knowledge and information about their organizations and community response. Tlingit and Haida people interviewed for this project stressed the themes of resiliency, worldview, cultural values and knowledge, and adaptation. The transcripts served as primary sources and evidence for our research findings published in the State and Local Government Review.
DOI: 10.18739/a21n7xp19
title: Sea ice drift tracks from the Distributed Network of autonomous buoys deployed during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition 2019 - 2021

description: The largest ever network of autonomous ice-tethered buoys was deployed as a Distributed Network (DN) surrounding the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Central Observatory (CO). This extensive network of 112 Global Positioning System (GPS) buoys and 12 multi-instrumented ice stations captured the annual cycle of Arctic sea ice drift and deformation for the first time as the DN traversed the Transpolar Drift Stream. GPS position data from buoys deployed during the year-long MOSAiC experiment capture sea ice drift and deformation at spatial scales ranging from 100s of meters to 200 kilometers (km) from late September 2019 into 2021. This dataset contains 216 quality-controlled drift tracks from buoys deployed at sites within a 45 km radius of the MOSAiC CO. Initial deployments began 26 September 2019 (Leg 1) with new deployments of buoys in mid-March-April 2020 (Leg 3), and August-September 2020 (leg 5). This dataset has been fully reprocessed to update drift tracks with the last of the data collected by buoys that were still operational after the initial download and processing. Complete temporal coverage of this data set is now 26 September 2019 through 23 May 2021.
DOI: 10.18739/a21r6n241
title: Ambient air mole fractions of selected volatile organic compounds measured in the University of Colorado container during the 2019-2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition

description: This dataset contains ambient air mole fractions of selected volatile organic compounds (propane, isobutane, n-butane, and isoprene) measured at a 3-hr time resolution in the Central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The backbone of MOSAiC was the year-round operation of the Research Vessel Polarstern that drifted with the sea ice across the Central Arctic from October 2019 to September 2020. Measurements were performed onboard Polarstern in the University of Colorado sea-container laboratory installed below deck in the forward cargo hold. A ~50 meter (m) long sampling line was deployed from the container to the bow crane to allow measurements forward of the vessel.
DOI: 10.18739/a21z41v1r
title: Population Dynamics in Greenland: A Multi-component Mixed-methods Study of Pregnancy Dynamics in Greenland (2014-2022)

description: Population Dynamics in Greenland: A Multi-component Mixed-methods Study of Pregnancy Dynamics in Greenland (PDG) examined how decisions regarding conception, pregnancy and parenthood are shaped by multiple interacting constraints and influences operating in Kullorsuaq, Greenland. Climate change and expanded extraction of natural resources coupled with low birth rates, high abortion rates, and increasing emigration are placing current and future generations of Greenlanders and Greenlandic culture and practices in jeopardy. Our project sought to document and understand the interplay among the cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors that created the context in which Greenlandic individuals and communities made reproductive decisions. Our principal goals were to address a variety of complex issues underpinning the well being and continuity of Greenlanders and their culture, to expand scholarship on Greenland’s people and to advance the utility of that knowledge for the benefit of Greenlanders and other arctic Indigenous peoples, and to contribute to scientific understanding of the myriad factors that influence human reproductive choices. PDG took place in Kullorsuaq, Greenland from May 2013 to April 2017. Although data collection began in 2014, Drs. Rink and Adler Reimer spent 2013 building capacity with community members in Kullorsuaq and key stakeholders in Upernavik, Ilulissat, and Nuuk for the project. Additional research activities, including data dissemination, occurred from May 2017 to March 2022. PDG utilized a community based participatory research (CBPR) framework with mixed methodologies including, in-depth interviews, ethnography and focus groups. The study had oversight by a four member community advisory board that guided and provided insight into the research questions, data collection methods and instruments, interpretation of the study results and made final recommendations on the research findings. In total 96 interviews were conducted using purposive sampling techniques. Interviews ranged in age from 15 to 83 and were 55% female and 45% male. Content analysis and grounded theory were used to analyze the in-depth interviews. Based on the in-depth interview results 10 focus groups were conducted in April 2017, 4 in Kullorsuaq, 2 in Upernavik, 2 in Ilulissat and 2 in Nuuk. The purpose of the focus groups was to share the research findings with key stakeholders in the health care, education, and social service sectors to elicit further input regarding recommendations for reducing reproductive health disparities among Greenlanders. Similar to the in-depth interviews, the focus groups were analyzed using content analysis and grounded theory. PDGs results have implications for reducing reproductive health disparities in Greenland for the people of Kullorsuaq as well as throughout Greenland.
DOI: 10.18739/a2222r601
title: Surface Mass Balance and Snow Depth on Sea Ice Working Group (SUMup) snow depth on sea ice subdataset, Antarctica and Baltic Sea, 1990-2018

description: This dataset includes snow depth on sea ice measurements from both hemispheres. This dataset is a community effort to distribute easy to use in-situ data to improve surface mass balance modeling and remote sensing efforts. This dataset is a compilation of work from many individual researchers. When using this dataset please cite both the individual researchers who provided the data as listed in the Citation field as well as this dataset. The ~92,000 measurements of snow depth on sea ice are from the Arctic (96% of the measurements) and the Antarctic represents the remaining 4%. The measurement methods include rulers, magnaprobes, and avalanche probes.
DOI: 10.18739/a2222r74d
title: Gridded estimates of aboveground biomass by plant functional type within Alaska and Yukon, 1985-2020

description: This dataset includes 30 meter (m) resolution gridded estimates of live aboveground biomass (AGB) for five common plant functional types (PFTs; deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, forbs, graminoids and lichens) within Alaska and northwest Canada. Estimates were produced for single years, every five years from 1985 to 2020. To model AGB we used a multi-scale approach, scaling from field harvest data and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based biomass predictions. Estimates were produced using linear mixed effects models with LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regularization and were based on gridded climatological, topographic, phenological, PFT cover, and Landsat spectral predictors. A Monte Carlo approach with 100 iterations was used to propagate uncertainty. For each PFT and each year, this dataset provides the 2.5th percentile estimates (lower bound), 50th percentile estimates (best estimate) and 97.5th percentile estimates (upper bound) from the Monte Carlo analysis. These maps capture vegetation changes occurring within the Arctic/boreal region, including increasing shrub biomass and decreasing lichen and graminoid biomass. They also demonstrate the role of disturbances such as wildfire in shaping vegetation change trajectories.
DOI: 10.18739/a2280509z
title: Grid files of the total isostatic response to the complete unloading of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets (version 1)

description: The land surface beneath the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets is isostatically suppressed by the mass of the overlying ice. Accurate computation of the land elevation in the absence of ice is important when considering, for example, regional geodynamics, geomorphology, and ice sheet behaviour. Here, we use contemporary compilations of ice thickness and lithospheric effective elastic thickness to calculate the fully re-equilibrated isostatic response of the solid Earth to the complete removal of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. We use an elastic plate flexure model to compute the isostatic response to the unloading of the modern ice sheet loads, and a self-gravitating viscoelastic Earth model to make an adjustment for the remaining isostatic disequilibrium driven by ice mass loss since the Last Glacial Maximum. Feedbacks arising from water loading in areas situated below sea level after ice sheet removal are also taken into account. In addition, we quantify the uncertainties in the total isostatic response associated with a range of elastic and viscoelastic Earth properties. The computed isostatic response grids are provided in NetCDF format and have a number of applications for studying regional geodynamics, landscape evolution, cryosphere dynamics, and relative sea level change.
DOI: 10.18739/a22f7js4s
title: Gosling Lake, Alaska, Topography, Vegetation, Soils, Soil temperatures, and Site-Environmental Data, 2005-2021

description: This data set contains topography, permafrost soils, vegetation, soil temperatures, and site environmental data collected at Gosling Lake, central Alaska for monitoring thermokarst in burned and unburned black spruce ecosystems. For field monitoring of topography, water depths, and thaw depths over time (2005, 2014, 2021), we sampled every meter along 250 meter (m) transects oriented to cross replicate patches with differing degradation stages (Fig. SI2). For monitoring hydrology, soil, and vegetation over time, we used stratified, targeted sampling to establish three replicate permanent plots in each major ecotype (black spruce bog, spruce-birch bog, post-fire scrub bog, ericaceous bog, meadow bog, scrub fen, meadow fen) with the replicates broadly distributed along or near the transect. Vegetation was quantified by occular estimates (21 reconnassance plots or point sampling (11 permanent monitoring plots). A subset of monitoring plots had dataloggers for sampling soil temperatures.
DOI: 10.18739/a22n4zk21
title: Northern Dene Astronomical and Sky-Related Knowledge, Central Western Alaska to Great Slave Lake N.W.T. (Northwest Territories of Canada), (2018-2022).

description: This data set includes primary materials collected and compiled by Chris M. Cannon between 2018-2022 as part of his NSF (National Science Foundation) supported doctoral dissertation research on Northern Dene (Athabascan) astronomical and sky-related knowledge. Additional data pertaining to this research that Cannon collected before 2018 is also archived with this data set. In total, this comparative and multi-sited anthropological study spans 11 years and includes contributions from Northern Dene Elders, speakers, and tradition bearers from 12 ethnolinguistic groups across 32 communities between central-western Alaska and the eastern end of Great Slave Lake, N.W.T. (Northwest Territories of Canada). These data include audio recordings (interviews, conversations, stories, texts, linguistic elicitation), transcribed and translated texts and stories, maps, star charts, wordlists, video recordings, photos, fieldnotes, published papers, and Cannon's PhD dissertation. Publications relating to this research acknowledge the financial support of NSF and variety of other institutions, First Nations, and Tribes.
DOI: 10.18739/a2319s373
title: Winter snow depth as a driver of microbial activity, nutrient cycling, tree growth and treeline advance in the Arctic

description: Overview: It has long been thought that temperature exerts a direct control on growth of treeline trees and the position of the treeline. However, our recent work in the Arctic with white spruce suggests that indirect effects of temperature on soil nutrient availability may be of equal or greater importance. We hypothesize that cold soils at the treeline, particularly during winter, limit microbial activity and nutrient availability to the point where trees are barely able to survive and grow. Measurements made during winter have revealed that Arctic forests maintain snowpacks that are much deeper than observed at treeline. Trees are thought to trap snow and lead to a deeper snowpack, insulating the soil from cold air and allowing for greater overwinter microbial activity and greater nutrient mineralization. Indeed, we found a strong positive correlation between white spruce growth and winter snow depth. We propose to isolate the mechanisms underlying this correlation by using snowfences to manipulate winter snow depth and fertilizer to increase soil nutrient availability at three treelines that differ in soil moisture. To provide an experimental test of the importance of temperature as a direct control on treeline tree growth, we propose to incorporate experimental shoot warming into our snowfence experiment in a factorial design. We predict that both experimental snow and nutrient additions will lead to large increases in microbial activity, photosynthesis, tree growth, seed quality, seed production, seedling establishment and recruitment of new trees. We expect to observe the greatest positive responses where soils are wet and cold. Meanwhile, we predict that shoot warming will lead to negligible changes in growth. This research will elucidate the relationship between snow depth and soil nutrient availability, and determine the relative importance of nutrient and temperature limitations at treeline to white spruce – a dominant member of the boreal forest and the northernmost tree species in North America. Intellectual Merit: The position of the Arctic treeline is an important regulator of surface energy budgets, carbon cycling and subsistence resources in high latitude environments. Our recent research provides correlative evidence of the importance of winter snow depth as a driver of tree growth. Here, we propose to experimentally isolate the importance of snow depth and soil nutrient availability and examine the consequences for microbial processes and tree performance. This is a novel proposal, as we aim to link microbial ecology with large-scale landscape patterns of relevance to regional and global climates. If our hypotheses are confirmed, our findings will contradict the prevailing theory of treeline causation, alter our predictions of where and when treelines may advance and necessitate revision of the many paleoclimate reconstructions based upon correlations between temperature and tree growth near the Arctic treeline.