cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78824
title: City of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India, ca.1900

description: “Jammu, India, Prince is visiting it”. Landscape view showing open country and the buildings of Jammu rising up in the distance. Jammu is known as ‘the city of temples’ and is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Access to the capital was restricted until talks ensued with Prince Amar Singh and the Maharaja which allowed for the opening of a public school. Hari Singh was superintendent of the mission and John F W Youngson (1852-1920) was the Church of Scotland minister. Youngson would later become Moderator of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church, India (1905-6) and have the town of Youngsonabad named in his honour.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78814
title: Camp site, Punjab, India, ca.1900

description: “Camping in India”. Exterior view of a camp with a large number of indigenous people standing around with a canvas tent in the background. Many of the missionaries travelled either on sight seeing tours or to preach to people in far flung regions. During the summer season many would travel up into the mountains to escape the heat, this would often involve moving a large number of possessions from one place to another.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78860
title: Reading and leisure, Dalhousie, India, ca.1900

description: Exterior portrait of missionary staff at rest in Dalhousie. Two sit around a table and Miss Isabella Plumb lies in the crook of a tree in the background. The Church of Scotland acquired several properties in Dalhouise and the house, called Betrie View, was used as a retreat. ❧ Dalhousie was established as a British summer retreat and sanatorium in 1854 and named after the then British Viceroy in India. It is built on five hills and located on the western edge of the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas. It is considered a gateway to the Chamba district and the city of Chamba lies to the north. ❧ Chamba was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82461
title: Village church, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1953

description: Interior view of a thatched roofed church with an evangelist and congregation. The churches at the Chogoria out-stations regularly played host to Revival meetings. East African Revival was an indigenous protestant movement loosely affiliated to the church. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79012
title: Hospital, Jalalpur, Pakistan, ca.1910

description: “Hospital Jalalpur (back).” External view of hospital building in Jalalpur. Jalalpur Jattan is located approximately 10 miles northeast of Gujrat. Dr. Herbert Francis Lechmere Taylor (1872-1954), was a medical missionary in the Punjab region, specifically Jalalpur. This photo is likely the hospital that Dr. Taylor helped establish. He later returned to Edinburgh, where he was superintendent of the Edinburgh Medical Mission Society. He also published a book, In the Land of the Five Rivers, about his time in the Punjab.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82426
title: Hospital staff, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1950

description: Group portrait of nurses and hospital assistants in uniform, the men with red fezzes and the nurse uniforms with a red or green trim to signify whether they were qualified or trainees nurses at the Chogoria hospital. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78867
title: Native Pastor and Missionary, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1890

description: Portrait of two elderly gentlemen standing arm in arm, both ordained ministers. On the left is Hakim Singh an indigenous pastor, and Sikh convert, who was based in Wazirabad and Jammu. On the right stands John Forbes White Youngson (1852-1920) who was based in Jammu and became Moderator of the General Assembly, India. He retired in 1907 but remained in India until his death. The Christian town of Youngsonabad was named in his honour and he is the author of ‘The Panjab Mission 1855-1895’ and ‘The History of the Churhas’. This image is used in the frontispiece of the former published title.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78817
title: Village girls, Punjab, India, ca.1900

description: "A village crowd, India". Exterior view of girls sitting around a well with jars full of water. Nearly all the girls are hiding their faces. Many missionaries in the Punjab travelled to villages through difficult and mountainous regions. The attempts of the Women’s Association for Foreign Missions to start-up educational programmes for women struggled to attract females to schools and therefore went directly to the women in their own homes.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78863
title: Military Parade, Punjab, India, ca. 1900

description: Exterior view of a parade led by pipes and drums with regimental troops following behind, the bagpipers wear kilts. Two children walk along beside the soldiers. The image could be from the cantonment in Sialkot which was a frontier military station, the area having been annexed in 1849 after the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Sialkot was where the Church of Scotland attempted to establish their first Mission fielding the Punjab in 1857.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82362
title: Patients at the dressing shelter, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1949

description: Exterior view of the hospital showing patients sitting around the dressing and treatment shelter, built in 1930, as medical staff work inside. The male attendants now wear white uniforms with a red fez. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79093
title: Marching Band, Daska, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “W. Dalgetty, Daska.” Group portrait of several indigenous boys standing in front of building. The boys are either holding piccolos or drums and are wearing similar jackets. The photograph was likely taken by William Dalgetty (1868-1935). The boys are perhaps students at the Christian Boys’ Training School in Daska.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82405
title: Women holding triplets, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1949

description: “Triplets.” Portrait of a woman who holds three babies on her knee. A new maternity unit had been opened in 1942 with five beds but demand on the service constantly increased. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78888
title: Street market, China, ca.1900

description: "Chinese bazar [bazaar]" Street scene showing traders selling their wares in a market, on the left is a permanent covered building from which other traders sell goods. The image is possibly from Yichang [Ichang] where the Church of Scotland had its permanent mission established by George Cockburn (1853-1898) in 1878. Yichang is a thousand miles up the Yangtse from Shanghai, in the province of Hupeh [Hubei], and was an important trans-shipment port for goods to Sichuan through the Yangtse gorges.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79092
title: Moravian Mission, Keylong, India, ca.1910

description: View of mission house building with snow covered mountains in background. The Moravian Mission, under the direction of the Moravian Church, was one of the first large scale Protestant missionary efforts, with missions established throughout much of the world. Moravian missionary efforts were admired by Church of Scotland missionaries, although the two often worked in different parts of Himachal Pradesh. Moravian missionary efforts in the area were centred in Keylong in the Lahoul district, with their eventual goal being to expand into Chinese Tibet.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79079
title: Punjabi House, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “A Panjabi House.” View of standing boy and seated woman holding bowls inside of small house. A third woman is seated and tending to a cooking pot.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82323
title: View from Mrs Carr’s garden, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1940

description: “View from her garden.” Landscape view from the garden of Mrs Louisa Carr, wife of Ernest Carr (1868-1939) and mother of Margaret Irvine, who moved into a small cottage on the Chogoria mission after the death of her husband in 1939. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78866
title: Fortification, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: Exterior view of a compound with brick built buildings and walls and beyond spreads a city. This is possibly the cantonment at Sialkot that was established in 1849 [opened 1852] when the area was annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The Punjab Mission was inaugurated in 1857 under Thomas Hunter (1827-1857), who was murdered during the Sepoy Rebellion of the same year, and is the largest of the Church of Scotland’s Missions in India. There are nine principal stations; Sialkot and District, Gujrat, Wazirabad, Daska, Youngsonabad, Jalalpur, Shadiwal, Jammu and Chamba, the latter two in what were independent princely states.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82382
title: Ulcer cases, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1949

description: “Ulcer cases.” Group portrait of patients sitting on the ground and nurses standing behind. Many of the patients have been treated for ulcerations on the legs and yaws was a common ailment. The matron is Sister Margaret Burt, who arrived from the CMS hospital in Kikuyu in 1947 and worked at Chogoria until 1970 ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78816
title: Village crowd, Punjab, India, Ca.1900

description: "A village crowd, India". Exterior view of a crowd of indigenous people gathering around a woman missionary. Young girls sit on the roof of the buildings in the background. Many missionaries in the Punjab travelled to villages through difficult and mountainous regions. The attempts of the Women’s Association for Foreign Missions to start-up educational programmes for women struggled to attract females to schools and therefore went directly to the women in their own homes.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82355
title: School building, Eastern province, Kenya, ca.1953

description: “Evangelism.” Exterior view of a church school with young men standing outside. This is probably one of the out-schools of the Chogoria mission. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78865
title: Elegant House, Sialkot, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: Exterior view of a large ornate domestic residence. Several individuals stand on the roof balcony. ❧ Sialkot became a frontier military station, having been annexed by the British in 1849. Situated on the fertile plains at the base of the Himalayan range by the Chenab River the city has a long history of occupation. When the Church of Scotland chose it as the base for their missionary work in the Punjab in 1857, they sent Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) who was murdered with his family during the Indian Mutiny that same year. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, would not arrive in Sialkot until 1860 and rapidly expand the field. The mission would open orphanages, girl’s schools, women’s hospitals and do zenana work in Sialkot and throughout the Punjab. Murray College is perhaps the most important remnant of the Scottish Missions in the city.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82412
title: Hospital staff, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1949

description: “Chogoria staff.” Group portrait of dressers and nurses standing in a long row outside. By 1949 the staffing level at the Chogoria hospital consisted of twenty male dressers and twenty four female nurses. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79045
title: Native Ministers, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1910

description: “Three recently ordained native ministers. Gahna Mal, Daniel, and Nizam Din.” Group portrait of three indigenous men standing outside. Native evangelists were often at the forefront of the mission expansion and also part of the original group establishing the field.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79054
title: Postman, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1910

description: “Panjabi [Punjabi] postman.” Portrait of indigenous postman sitting atop a camel. Another man is pictured in front of camel. Punjab, now part of Pakistan, was annexed by the British in 1849, and was situated on the fertile plains at the base of the Himalayan range by the Chenab River.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79083
title: Moravian Mission, Keylong, India, ca.1910

description: “Moravian Mission, Kyelang [Keylong].” View of mission house building with snow covered hills in background. The Moravian Mission, under the direction of the Moravian Church, was one of the first large scale Protestant missionary efforts, with missions established throughout much of the world. Moravian missionary efforts were admired by Church of Scotland missionaries, although the two often worked in different parts of Himachal Pradesh. Moravian missionary efforts in the area were centred in Keylong in the Lahoul district, with their eventual goal being to expand into Chinese Tibet.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82370
title: Patients with gifts, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1948

description: “Gifts to leprosy patients.” Group portrait of nurses and leprosy patients two of whom hold bundles of sweaters and scarves. Some of the nurses had knitted pullovers for the leper patients and a ceremony was conducted by Sister Burt when they were given out. Chogoria had a dedicated leper’s ward, funded by the Mission to Lepers, which was situated on a spur of land called Gatheru. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78827
title: John F.W. Youngson, Punjab, ca.1900

description: Exterior view of a traditionally constructed building with Rev. John Youngson and a female missionary standing outside with a group of indigenous people. John Forbes White Youngson (1852-1920) was sent to the Punjab in 1875 with his wife Helen. He served in Sailkot, Gujrat and Jammu, when the Maharaja allowed access in 1900. He became Moderator of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church, India (1905-6) and had the town of Youngsonabad named in his honour and authored ‘The History of the Churhas’ and ‘Forty Years of the Panjab Mission’ (1896). He returned to the Punjab after he retired in 1907 where he served till his death in 1920.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82354
title: Leper patients, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1953

description: ‘Leper patients. The two on the left are blind from leprosy.’ Group portrait of hospital patients standing outside wearing tank tops and scarves. The number of leprosy patients at Chogoria had decreased as many were treated at home with sulphone tablets. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79043
title: Upper Chenab Canal Bridge, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1910

description: “Upper Chenab Canal Bridge.” View of bridge crossing the Upper Chenab Canal. The Chenab River begins in upper Himachal Pradesh before running into Pakistan. It is the principle river in the Punjab region. The canal pictured here is probably the one dug in 1892 near Gujrat, Pakistan.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82334
title: Nursing staff, Chogoria, Kenya, 1940

description: “Miss J Clark Wilson & nurses 1940.” Group portrait of the matron, Miss Wilson, and nurses, two maternity ward nurses sit at the front. ❧ Miss Jean M Clark Wilson came to Chogoria in 1939, and was the hospitals first sister. She was the niece of Rev James Youngson, missionary at Kikuyu, and left Chogoria in 1942 to join the East African Military Nursing Service, she drowned when the troopship she was on was torpedoed. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82383
title: Woman with ulcers, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1949

description: Portrait of an indigenous woman with a walking stick and ulcerations around her legs. Yaws was one of the more common bacterial infections at Chogoria and the symptoms showed as open sores. Dr Irvine wrote his doctoral Thesis on the subject at the University of Aberdeen. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82320
title: Goat herders, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1930

description: “Native boys herding.” Exterior view showing several Mwimbi boys, in traditional dress, and a small herd of goats. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82410
title: Young patient demonstrates cot, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1949

description: “Harrington cot.” Portrait of a young boy sitting up in a cot with a plaque on it reading, ‘Gifted by Harrington Sunday School’, two nurses stand either side. A Scottish Sunday School has raised funds to pay for a bed at the Chogoria hospital. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-79018
title: Hindu Temple, Jalalpur, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Hindu Temple Jalalpur.” External view of Hindu temple partly obscured by trees. Jalalpur Jattan is located approximately 10 miles northeast of Gujrat.There are nine principal stations; Sialkot and District, Gujrat, Wazirabad, Daska, Youngsonabad, Jalalpur, Shadiwal, Jammu and Chamba, the latter two in what were independent princely states.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78823
title: City of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India, ca.1900

description: “Jammu, India, Prince is visiting it”. Cityscape of Jammu showing the fortified walls and a number of temples. Jammu is known as ‘the city of temples’ and is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Access to the capital was restricted until talks ensued with Prince Amar Singh and the Maharaja which allowed for the opening of a public school. Hari Singh was superintendent of the mission and John F W Youngson (1852-1920) was the Church of Scotland minister. Youngson would later become Moderator of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church, India (1905-6) and have the town of Youngsonabad named in his honour.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82328
title: New hospital block, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1940

description: “Theatre –door childrens ward to right dispensary and laboratory beyond. The hospital.” Exterior view of the hospital with nurses and dressers standing outside. The new block is on the left and comprises of two wards, operating theatre and a dispensary. Sister Jean Clark Wilson, in the centre, was the granddaughter of Rev. Dr Youngson, of the Punjab. Dr Irvine stands on the left. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78819
title: Cloth making, Punjab, ca.1900

description: "Weaving cloth, India". Exterior view of men working on home made looms and weaving long strips of cloth. The cloth extends down the side of an earth bank and onlookers stand behind the weavers. Cloth was often bought by the missions to provide cheap clothes for the underprivileged and provide work for industrial/ training schools. Images of traditional industries were also collected to illustrate pamphlets and lectures, given back in Britain, which helped to raise funds. ❧ Thomas Hunter (1827-1857) was the first Church of Scotland missionary to the Punjab, he was murdered with his family during the Indian Mutiny, 1857, and had only arrived in Sialkot that year. His successors, John Taylor (1837-1868) and Robert Paterson, would not arrive until 1860.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82335
title: Nurses and Dressers, Chogoria, Kenya, 1942

description: “The staff 1942.” Group portrait of the medical staff at Chogoria hospital. Until 1939 the staff had been predominately male with the exception of two maternity nurses. The nursing staff was increased by Miss Jean Clark Wilson; she also introduced training for nurses as the hospital expanded. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82457
title: School swimming pool, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1953

description: Exterior view showing school girls standing around a swimming pool in the grounds of the Chogoria mission. The pool was built as a result of a private donation in 1951 and allowed the children to learn to swim as there was a lack of natural pools in the area. ❧ The image is from the collection of Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) showing the period from 1928-1961 at the Chogoria mission which was established in 1922.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78947
title: Chillianwallah, Punjab, Pakistan, ca.1900

description: “Chillanwallah – monument on left.” Landscape view of large open field. In the distance on the left side the obelisk monument is visible. The Battle of Chillianwallah, fought as part of the Second Anglo-Sikh War, occurred on 13 January 1849. While the battle did not result in a significant military victory for either side, it was considered a victory to Sikh morale that they could withstand a more numerous British force. The obelisk was constructed by the British to honour those who fell in battle.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82342
title: Child patients outside the ward, Chogoria, Kenya, ca.1940

description: “Chucki – bingo! Hospital.” Portrait of a child and nurse with other infants sitting behind. The Chogoria hospital converted the original building to a children’s ward in 1939 as part of its expansion. ❧ The image is from the first twenty years of the Chogoria mission in Kenya, which was run by the Rev. Dr Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974), from the collection entitled ‘Chogoria, glimpses into the past’.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78956
title: Temples, Chamba, India, ca.1910

description: “The Temples, Chamba.” External view of several stone temple buildings. Chamba is known for its temples, both in the Bharmour area east of the city and the various temples located in the city itself. The temple pictured here is possibly the Lakshmi Narayan temple, which was built in the 10th century. The Chamba mission was established, in 1863, by William Ferguson (1821-1904) as an independent venture, and was an independent princely state and came under British influence in 1848. It now forms part of Himachal Pradesh, India.