DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zwkj
title: Data from: Inter-sexual phenotypic divergence is correlated with habitat structure in an invasive lizard

description: Organisms faced with environmental change must adapt or go extinct.
 Adaptive change can arise through adaptive evolution, phenotypic
 plasticity, and the potentially complex interaction between these factors.
 In dioecious species, this may be further complicated by differences in
 the strength and direction of adaptive responses in males and females.
 Adaptation can be constrained by differences in the direction of selection
 between the sexes, though sexual dimorphism in adaptive evolution and/or
 phenotypic plasticity can also potentially facilitate adaptation to
 environmental change through reducing intraspecific competition and
 enhancing population persistence. In invasive species, the constraints
 imposed by inter-specific competition on intra-specific niche divergence
 may be shed by ecological release. In such conditions, we can expect high
 potential for inter-sexual divergence in adaptive change, possibly
 augmenting invasiveness. In this study, we investigate the potential for
 sexually divergent adaptive change in invasive populations of the Green
 Anole, Anolis carolinensis, in the Ogasawara Islands, an oceanic
 archipelago in Japan. We find that limb length is correlated with
 variation in habitat structure across the islands in male lizards, but not
 in female lizards. We suggest that the resulting variation in sexual
 dimorphism is driven by exploitation of the available niche space, with
 male habitat use diverging further from that of females where local
 conditions allow. These findings represent evidence that community-level
 patterns observed among other anole species are mirrored by local,
 intra-specific patterns in this population, and add to growing evidence of
 the importance of ecological drivers of sexual dimorphism.
description: # Inter-sexual phenotypic divergence is correlated with habitat structure
 in an invasive lizard Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.51c59zwkj](10.5061/dryad.51c59zwkj) ## Description of the
 data and file structure This dataset includes morphological data, field
 census data for insects and vegetation, and genetic data for anoles.  ###
 Files and variables #### File: Arthropod-morphospecies.csv
 **Description:**  Census data for arthropods swept at each site.  #####
 Variables * Island: Census island * Site: Census site * Transect: Census
 transect * Season: Season in which census was conducted * Morphospecies:
 Arthropod morphospecies ID * Individuals: Number of individuals sampled 
 #### File: morphological\_data.csv **Description:** Anole morphometric
 data file.  ##### Variables * ID: Unique individual identifier  * island:
 Collection island * site: Collection site * sex: male or female * SVL:
 Snout-vent length (mm) * HL: Head length (mm) * HW: Head width (mm) * HH:
 Head height (mm) * MO: Mouth opening (mm) * sqrtdewlap: area of dewlap (sq
 mm) (square root transformed) * FL: Femur length (mm) * TIB: Tibia length
 (mm) * FAL: Fore arm length (mm) * FTL: Hind foot length (mm) *
 HUM: Humerus length (mm) * forelimb: Total forelimb length (HUM + FAL) 
 (mm) * hindlimb: Total hindlimb length (FL + TIB + FTL) (mm) *
 sqrtFFA: Fore finger area (sq mm) (square root transformed) *
 sqrtHFA: Hind finger area (square root transformed) Missing data: NA in
 file indicates missing data when variable was not measured.  #### File:
 vegetation\_height.csv **Description:** contains measures of vegetation
 height from the five highest plants in a 20m x 20m quadrat at each end of
 each transect. ##### Variables * island: Island surveyed * site: Site
 surveyed * transect: Transect surveyed * height: Vegetation height (m)
 #### File: vegetation\_diameter.csv **Description:** contains measures of
 vegetation diameter at 1m height from 2m x 2m quadrats at each end of each
 transect. ##### Variables * island: Island surveyed * plot: Site surveyed
 * transect: Transect surveyed * diameter: Vegetation diameter (cm) ####
 File: Filtered\_SNPs\_20230513\_i95\_l50\_HWE\_LD.vcf
 **Description:** This file contains genomic SNPs from anoles obtained
 through RAD-Seq. The data from ipyrad have been filtered for individuals
 with less than 95% missing data, loci for 50% missing data, removing loci
 not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and thinning data so that no SNP was
 within less than 500 bp of another. #### File: vegetation\_structure.csv
 **Description:** contains estimated vegetation cover at eight layers (0,
 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 m above the ground; VG0 – VG64 respectively) at
 6 locations (20 m radius) at each site over three seasons. ##### Variables
 * Island: Island surveyed * Site: Site surveyed * Season: Season in which
 survey was conducted * VG0: Vegetation cover at 0 meters (%) *
 VG1: Vegetation cover at 1 meter (%) * VG2: Vegetation cover at 2 meters 
 (%) * VG4: Vegetation cover at 4 meters  (%) * VG8: Vegetation cover at 8
 meters  (%) * VG16: Vegetation cover at 16 meters  (%) * VG32: Vegetation
 cover at 32 meters  (%) * VG64: Vegetation cover at 64 meters (%) ####
 File: Supplementary methods and results.pdf (uploaded to
 Zenodo): This file contains supplementary figures and tables.