cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2076
title: Evaluation of Antityrosinase and Antioxidant activities of Raphanus Sativus root extract for cosmetic applications

description: There is considerable demand for skin whitening and anti-wrinkle/anti-aging from natural plants. Thai women have long used fresh white radish root as a treatment of melasma although no systematic study has been made. In this study, two extracts (freeze-dried water extract and methanol extract) from the root of Thai radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were compared and evaluated to determine their role in protection of skin against melasma and aging. The two extracts were assayed for total phenolics, total flavonoids and vitamin C content. The total phenolics, total flavonoids and vitamin C content of the two extracts expressed as per 1 mg on the extract weight basis were 10.09 ± 0.07, 0.51 ± 0.007 and 24.11 ± 0.01 µg for freeze-dried water extract and 6.59 ± 0.05, 0.33 ± 0.004 and 8.28 ± 0.20 µg for methanol extract, respectively. Data showed that freeze-dried water extract had higher total phenolics, total flavonoids and vitamin C content than methanol extract. Anti-tyrosinase activity of the two extracts was also measured and compared with that of licorice extract and L-ascorbic acid. Freeze-dried water extract apparently showed higher extent of tyrosinase inhibition than methanol extract (IC50 = 3.09 and 9.62 mg/ml, respectively) but generally lower anti-tyrosinase activity than other reference anti-tyrosinase agent. The antioxidant properties of the two extracts were also tested for their scavenging effect on DPPH radical, superoxide anion and singlet oxygen and compared with those of Trolox® and L-ascorbic acid. Freeze-dried water extract exhibited higher potency than methanol extract (IC50 = 0.643 and 1.248 mg/ml for antioxidant activity against DPPH, 4.20 and 6.28 mg/ml for superoxide anion scavenging activity and 1.42 and 2.40 mg/ml for singlet oxygen scavenging activity) but generally lower than other reference antioxidants. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the two extracts were determined by LDH assay. Both the freeze-dried water extract and methanol extract showed mild cytotoxicity even at high concentrations. Considering its various properties, the inexpensive and easily available freeze-dried water extract has potential for use in both the pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2077
title: Chitosan Microparticals for protein and antigen delivery: Perparation, Interactions with antigen presenting cells and vivo immune response

description: Chitosan microparticles of different molecular weights and sources for protein and antigen delivery were prepared by spray drying. Formulation and process parameters were firstly optimized in order to obtain the microparticles with controlled properties. Bovine serum albumin was subsequently incorporated into microparticles. Physicochemical properties of the resultant microparticles were evaluated in terms of particle size and size distribution, zeta potential, particle morphology, particle surface composition, protein content and entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, and integrity of encapsulated protein. Size of chitosan microparticles was ranged between 3.185- 7.177 μm. Integrity and structural comformation of entrapped protein were retained at protein loading of 5% w/w or higher. The microparticles were further modified by cospray drying with excipients or crosslinking with tripolyphosphate anions. Incorporation of gelatin resulted in an increase in zeta potential of microparticles, while poloxamer 407 and Eudragit E had no effect. The added excipents mostly induced faster and/or higher amount of released protein. Crosslinking the particles caused an obvious reduction of drug release. For comparison, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(α-butyl cyanoacrylate) (BCA) micro-/nanoparticles were prepared by double-emulsion solvent-evaporation and anionic polymerization methods, respectively, and characterized by their properties. All micro-/nanoparticles were subjected to cytotoxicity test with dendritic cells and macrophages. The chitosan, gelatin/chitosan, poloxamer 407/chitosan and PLGA microparticles were relatively non-toxic to both cells, while the opposite results were obtained from Eudragit E/chitosan and BCA micro-/nanoparticles. The non-toxic chitosan and composite microparticles were efficiently taken up by both cells. The Japanese Encephalitis (JE) antigen was finally incorporated into the selected microparticles and administered subcutaneously into mice. The chitosan of both low and high molecular weight and the gelatin/chitosan microparticles elicited a comparable immune response to the commercial JE vaccine. At week 12 after the first immunization, the serum IgG titer, induced by the low molecular weight chitosan particles, still kept increasing, while that of the others were stable or started to decline. The chitosan microparticles of low molecular weight presented a high potential application as an efficient vaccine delivery system.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2078
title: การสื่อสารผ่านเกมออนไลน์ "ปังย่า"

description: การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษารูปแบบการสื่อสารระหว่างเว็บมาสเตอร์กับผู้เล่นเกมรูปแบบการสนทนาระหว่างผู้เล่นกับผู้เล่นเกม รวมถึงศึกษาความหมายของคำศัพท์เฉพาะกลุ่มในการสนทนาในเกมออนไลน์ปังย่า เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพโดยการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหาจากบทสนทนาจำนวน 5 เซิร์ฟเวอร์ เซิร์ฟเวอร์ละ 40 นาที และการสัมภาษณ์แบบเจาะลึกจากเว็บมาสเตอร์จำนวน 2 คน และผู้เล่นจำนวน 20 คน ผลการวิจัยพบว่ารูปแบบการสื่อสารผ่านเกมออนไลน์ปังย่า เป็นรูปแบบการสื่อสารระหว่างบุคคล โดยผู้เล่นเกมมีอิสระในการสื่อสาร ซึ่งต้องอยู่ในกฎและข้อบังคับที่เว็บมาสเตอร์กำหนด มีลักษณะการใช้ภาษาและสัญรูปที่สร้างขึ้นใหม่ในเกมเพื่อการแสดงออกถึงความหมาย อารมณ์และความรู้สึกในการปฏิสัมพันธ์กับคู่สื่อสาร และผู้เล่นสวมบทบาทตัวละครซึ่งสื่อสารความหมายโดยใช้อวัจนภาษา อาทิ เสื้อผ้า เครื่องประดับ ตลอดจนวัฒนธรรมในการสื่อสารที่ถ่ายทอดจากเครือข่ายอินเทอร์เน็ตรูปแบบอื่นๆ มาสู่การสื่อสารผ่านเกมออนไลน์ปังย่า
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2079
title: Effect of hyposerotonin on NMDA receptor phosphorylation in rat trigeminal pathway induced by dural inflammation

description: This study aims to investigate the effect of serotonin depletion on the phosphorylation of NMDA receptor and NMDA receptor expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), and on trigeminal nociception evoked by dural inflammation. Male Wistar rats were separated into low serotonin and normal serotonin groups. Serotonin was depleted by peritoneal injection with para-chlorophenylalanine, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, 3 days prior to the experiment. To induce trigeminal nociception, inflammatory soup (IS) containing a mixture of inflammatory mediators (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, each at 1 mM, and 0.1 mM prostaglandin E₂, pH 5.5) or low-pH artificial cerebrospinal fluid (low-pH CSF; pH 4.7) was applied on exposed dural surface for thirty minutes. In control groups, artificial cerebrospinal fluid was applied instead. Thirty minutes and two hours after induction, the brainstem and cervical cord were removed for serine-896 phosphorylated NMDA receptor NR1 subunit (pNR1), NMDA receptor NR1 subunit (NR1), and Fos immunohistochemical studies. Trigeminal nociception was determined by the number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the TNC. The results showed that dural application of IS, not low-pH CSF, led to the activation of trigeminal nociceptive system as well as phosphorylation of NR1 receptor. The numbers of pNR1- and Fos-immunoreactive cells were significantly greater in rats receiving IS than those of the controls. Dural inflammation-induced NR1 receptor phosphorylation as well as trigeminal nociception was enhanced in the low serotonin condition. The numbers of pNR1- and Fos-immunoreactive cells were significantly greater in serotonin-depleted rats than those of the normal serotonin rats, especially in IS group. Neither meningeal inflammation nor serotonin depletion altered NR1 receptor expression. The number of NR1-immunoreactive cells was not significantly different in all groups. There was a relationship between NR1 receptor phosphorylation and trigeminal nociception. Strong correlation between numbers of pNR1- and Fos-immunoreactive cells in the TNC was demonstrated. In normal serotonin rats, this correlation was able to represent by the linear equation of y = 0.520x (r²= 0.957, P &lt; .001). However, the slope of equation was elevated in low serotonin rats and the equation became y = 0.706x (r²= 0.941, P &lt; .001). In conclusion, the process of meningeal inflammation induced trigeminal nociception is enhanced in the low serotonin condition. The mechanism of nociceptive facilitation may involve the increase in NR1 receptor phosphorylation, not the increase in NR1 expression. This study further supports the role of serotonin in the control of trigeminal nociception.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2080
title: Antimicrobial Matabolites of Micromonospora SP. BTG10-2 from Narathiwat Peat Swamp soil and Secondary Matabolites of The Endophytic Fungus Exserohilum Rostratum RNAS5

description: In search for bioactive substances of bacteria from soil in Thailand, the ethyl acetate extract of Micromonospora sp. BTG 10-2 from Narathiwat peat swamp soil showed antimicrobial activities against not only the gram-positive bacteria, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 but also the gramnegative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Eschericia coli ATCC 25922, and Salmonella sp. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of an active fraction. Analyses of proton and carbon NMR spectra of the fraction, demonstrated the characteristics of anthraquinones of the chemical composition. The endphytic fungus Exserohilum rostratum RNASS was isolated from the leaf of the Thai medicinal plant, Rhinacanthus nasutus. The ethylacetate extract of the fermentation broth possessed synergistic antifungal activity with ketoconazole against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Using silica gel quick column and flash column chromatography, two highly symmetrical diketopiperazines, rostratin A and a new exserohilin A, along with a new asymmetrical diketopiperazine, exserohilin B, were isolated from the extract. The structures of those compounds were elucidated by analyses of H, C, 2D-NMR, mass spectra, and x-ray crystallography as well as comparison with the literature data
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2081
title: Adsorption and adsolubilization using polymerizable surfactants onto aluminum oxide surface

description: Recently, surfactant-based processes have been widely investigated for environmental application. In all of these applications, surfactant adsorption onto solid surfacetant-modified adsorbents, which oppose the economics of the system, I losses of surfactants from the adsorbent due to pH changes or dilution of surfactant concentration and desorption. The purpose of this research is to minimize the surfactant losses from alumina surface using polymerizable surfactants. Minimum surfactant losses can be achieved because the polymerized film, which comes from polymerization of polymerizable surfactants, acts as strong surfactant bilayer coated onto alumina surface. The specific objectives of this study are to investigate the surfactant adsorption both polymericable surfactants and non-polymerizable surfactant; the adsolubilization capacity for organic solutes of polar nature, styrene, and non-polar nature, ethylcyclohexane into admicelles; and the desorption of the surfactants from alumina surface. The results showed that as the number of EO groups of the surfactants increased, the area per molecule increased and the maximum adsorption decreased. The lowest maximum adsorption was obtained at the number of EO groups of 20 of Hitenol BC 20 corresponding to 0.08 mmole/g or 0.34 molecule/nm. This attributed to the most bulky head due to the highest number of EO groups. For adsolubilization capacity of organic solutes, increasing the number of EO groups of the surfactants decreased the adsolubilized styrene and increased the adsolubilized ethylcyclohexane. For the surfactant desorption study, the polymerization of polymerizable surfactants could enhance the stability of surfactants adsorbed onto alumina surface and reduce the desorption of the surfactants from alumina surface. These results provide the useful information of the surfactant systems for designing surface modification to enhance contaminant remediation and industrial scale applications.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2082
title: Utilazation of zinc hydrometallurgy waste for artificial marble preparation

description: Zn-waste and glass cullet were used as raw materials for producing glass-ceramics having the appearance of marble or artificial marble by non-melting and melting process. For non-melting process, glass-ceramics were prepared by sintering Zn-waste and clear cullet powder at 800℃ for 1 hour subsequently fired at 1000, 1050, and 1100℃ for 2 hours. The obtained glass-ceramics consisted of many pores and this high porosity resulted in low strength of about 29.7 MPa. In case of melting process, the mixtures of 20, 40, and 60 wt% of Zn-waste and glass cullet (clear and amber cullet) were melted at 1450℃ for 1 hour. The parent glasses were ground and pressed into a bar shape. Glass-ceramics were obtained after sintering at 750℃ and 850℃ for 2 hours. The crystalline phases were formed at 850℃. The major crystalline phases presented in glass-ceramics with clear cullet were diopside, cristobalite, and esseneite-sodian. While glass-ceramics with amber cullet, diopside, wollastonite, and cristobalite were found as the major phases. The density of glass-ceramics was between 2.41-2.83 g/cm3 and strength was 51-86.5 MPa. The maximum strength was attained for glass-ceramics contained 60 wt% of Zn-waste. Effects of sintering times on the properties of glass-ceramics were also studied. The strength of the specimen was raised from 86.5 to 96.5 MPa after sintering at 850℃ for 4 hours. Leaching toxicity of Pb, As, and Cd in the obtained glass-ceramics was in the range allowed by the US regulations. Glassceramics produced from melting and sintering process were suitable for artificial marble application and the properties were satisfied Thai Industrial Standard of marble slabs requirement.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2083
title: Glutamate decarboxylase, amylise and proteinase from selected Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains

description: Totally 116 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from various sources in Thailand were screened for glutamate decarboxylase, amylase, and/or proteinase abilities. Four rod-shaped of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria, two rod-shaped and three cocci in chains of starch hydrolyzing bacteria including two rod-shaped of proteinase producing bacteria were isolated. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, rpoA, pheS and 16S rDNA sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and DNA-DNA similarity, the GABA producing strains, LSF8-13 was identified as Lactobacillus brevis, FS73-1, SEA62-2 and SR11-2 were identified as L. plantarum. The rod-shaped starch hydrolyzing strains SB2-3 and U3-1 were identified as L. plantarum. The starch hydrolyzing cocci in chains, FP 15-1 and N2-1A were the novel species in Enterococcus and N12-9 was E. gallinarum. The strain FP15-1 isolated from fermented tea leaves is proposed as Enterococcus camelliae sp. nov. The proteinase producing strains, SMC1 and SCR1 were E. faecalis and L. sakei respectively. A high GABA producing lactobacilli L13 isolated from a traditional Japanese pickle (senmaizuke) was polyphasic studied. This strain is belonged to a new species in Lactobacillus. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) encoding gene (gadB) of the strains L13, LSF8-13, FS73-1, SEA62-2 and SR11-2 were subjected to be comparatively studied. The core fragments of gadB were isolated from the isolates, using primers based on highly conserved regions of predicted gadB from genomic sequence of L. brevis ATCC367 and L. plantarum WCFS1. A full-length gadB of of the strain L13 was subsequently isolated by TAIL-PCR method. Nucleotide sequence analysis of L13 gadB revealed that the open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 1437 bases and encoded a protein of 479 amino acid residuse. The deduced amino acid showed 82.2, 51.5, and 51.3% identity to the predicted GAD of L. brevis ATCC 367, L. plantarum WCFS1 and that of the isolated LSF 8-13 gadB, respectively. The isolated gadB of the strain L13 and LSF8-13 was constructed in an expression vector pQE70, cloned and expressed in E. coli JM109. The expressed GADs in crude extract of the transformed E. coli were purified by Ni²⁺-HiTrap chelating HP affinity column. The purified GAD showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. The moledular weight of the purified L13 and LSF8-13 GADs were approximately 59 kDa. The recombinant GAD of L13 showed GAD activity significantly depended on a present of PLP in enzyme reaction while that of LSF8-13 had no activity. Deduced amino acids and 3D structures were comparatively analyzed. Addressed here, a novel glutamate decarboxylase gene from the novel species L13 was successfully identified, cloned, and expressed.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2084
title: การศึกษาความสุภาพในการขอร้องและการปฏิเสธในการติดต่อธุรกิจทางจดหมายในภาษาไทยตามแนววัจนปฏิบัติศาสตร์

description: งานวิจัยนี้อาศัยกรอบทฤษฎีของบราวน์และเลวินสัน (1978, 1987) ลีช (1983) และบลุมกุลกา (1984, 1992) โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษากลวิธีความสุภาพในการขอร้องและการปฏิเสธในการติดต่อธุรกิจทางจดหมายในภาษาไทย และปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการเลือกใช้กลวิธีดังกล่าว อาทิ อำนาจ ระยะห่างทางสังคม ภาระหน้าที่ และวัฒนธรรมทางธุรกิจ ข้อมูลที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์มาจากจดหมายธุรกิจ การสัมภาษณ์ และการสังเกตการณ์ภายในองค์กรธุรกิจ ผลการวิจัยพบว่า กลวิธีความสุภาพในการขอร้องและกลวิธีความสุภาพในการปฏิเสธปรากฏความแตกต่างบางประการ กล่าวคือ กลวิธีความสุภาพในการขอร้องจำแนกเป็น 6 กลวิธี ได้แก่ การยกย่อง การใช้วัจนกรรมที่ทำให้ผู้ฟังพึงพอใจโดยการชม การขอโทษ และการขอบคุณ นอกจากนี้ยังปรากฏกลวิธีการให้เหตุผลการเสนอทางเลือก การแสดงความหวัง และการให้ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมทางธุรกิจ ซึ่งทั้ง 6 กลวิธีดังกล่าวสามารถอธิบายได้โดยใช้แนวคิดของเลคอฟ (1973) บราวน์และเลวินสัน (1978, 1987) ลีช (1983) และบลุมกุลกา (1984, 1992) ประกอบกัน ส่วนกลวิธีความสุภาพในการปฏิเสธปรากฏเพียง 5 กลวิธี โดยไม่ปรากฏกลวิธีการเสนอทางเลือก นอกจากนี้พบว่าการพิจารณาถึงผลประโยชน์ทางธุรกิจเป็นส่วนสำคัญทั้งในการขอร้องและการปฏิเสธ เนื่องจากผลประโยชน์ทางธุรกิจเป็นประเด็นสำคัญที่ทุกองค์กรทางธุรกิจให้ความสำคัญ และเป็นที่น่าสังเกตว่าไม่ปรากฏการแสดงหรือการลดตนเองดังที่ปรากฏในการสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน เนื่องจากจะส่งผลให้มีอำนาจการต่อรองลดลงและส่งผลกระทบต่อผลประโยชน์ทางธุรกิจที่จะได้รับ นอกจากนี้ผลการศึกษาพบว่า วัฒนธรรมทางธุรกิจมีผลต่อการปรากฏกลวิธีความสุภาพด้านลบหรือกลวิธีความสุภาพที่สัมพันธ์กับการยกย่องนับถือ ในขณะที่สังคมธุรกิจให้ความสำคัญต่อการได้รับการยอมรับและชื่นชมต่อผู้อื่น รวมทั้งความต้องการสร้างเครือข่ายทางธุรกิจ ส่งผลให้ปรากฏกลวิธีความสุภาพด้านบวกหรือกลวิธีความสุภาพที่สัมพันธ์กับการได้รับการยอมรับจากบุคคลอื่น และยังพบว่า อำนาจมีบทบาททั้งในการขอร้องและการปฏิเสธ กล่าวคือ ผู้ที่มีอำนาจน้อยกว่าจะใช้กลวิธีความสุภาพที่ซับซ้อนกว่าเมื่อติดต่อกับผู้ที่มีอำนาจมากกว่า นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าระยะห่างทางสังคมส่งผลให้ปรากฏการใช้มูลบทด้วย
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2085
title: Stability enhancement of fixolide by complexation with cyclodextrin

description: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of cyclodextrin on the stability of fixolide, a widely used fragrance material in personal care and household products. Soluble and solid complexes of fixolide with βCD, methyl-βCD or HP-βCD were prepared. Phase solubility diagrams suggest the formation of soluble complex of fixolide with methyl- and HP-βCD, and was classified as the A[subscript L]- and A[subscript N]-type, respectively. On the other hand, βCD showed B[subscript S]-type solubility curve with the precipitation of insoluble complex at higher βCD concentration. Solid complexes were prepared by means of co-precipitation, kneading, and freeze-drying techniques with three mole ratios of fixolide : CD of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to comfirm the inclusion complex in solid state. The DSC curves for co-precipitation mixture of fixolide with βCD (1:2 mole ratio) did not show the endothermic peak characteristic of free fixolide and FTIR analysis showed a shift of the major peak of carbonyl group in fixolide molecule from 1683 to 1677 cm[superscript -1]. The results suggest that complete complex formation was occurred. This complex was quantified by solvent extraction method and GC analysis. It gave the highest amount of fixolide included in βCD, the value was 96.93 mg/g complex with the acceptable complex yield of 74%. When effects of temperature and light on the stability of fixolide-βCD complex both in solid state and in fabric softener were compared with free fixolide, it appears that βCD could slow down the degradation of fixolide and did not change the reaction order of degradation. Moreover, βCD and methyl-βCD could also increase dissolution of fixolide. The overall results suggest the potential use of CD in the improvement of fixolide properties for quality enhancement of industrial products containing the fixolide fragrance.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.2086
title: Biotransformation of kaurenoic acid by Psilocybe cubensis

description: Biotransformation of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), the bioactive kaurene diterpenoid isolated from the stem bark of Croton oblongifolius Roxb., was carried out using Psilocybe cubensis. The incubation resulting in three hydroxylated products; ent-16β,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (2) was isolated after 2 days of incubation and the two novel metabolites; ent-12α,16β,17-trihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (3) and ent-11α,16β,17-trihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (4) were obtained after incubation for 9 days. The metabolites were identified by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. The biological activities of each compound were evaluated by cytotoxicity test against 6 tumor cell lines; K562 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells), HEP-G2 (hepatoma), SW620 (colon), Chago (lung), KATO-3 (gastric) and BT474 (breast) and anti-bacteria activity against 4 bacteria; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923, Escherichia coli ATTC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATTC 27853. The results revealed that all products exerted lower levels of biological activities than their parent compound in cytotoxicity testing towards 6 cell lines and were inactive for anti-bacteria activity. The enzyme responsible for compound 2 production was inducible in 2-day grown culture supplemented with ent-kaurenoic acid. The enzyme has been identified as an induced oxygenase requiring NADPH and FAD as cofactors and located in the microsomal fraction. The 45 kDa protein from SDS-PAGE was selected for further analysis by MALDI/Tof MS and peptide mass mapping. The result showed the correlation of the peptide fragment with cyt P450 monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 at sequence coverage of 12 %.