DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10277798
title: Database of local seismicity registered on ocean bottom seismometers (OBS). Database related to Bornstein et al. (accepted in Earth and Space Science), PICKBLUE
title: Dataset of PickBlue: Seismic phase picking for ocean bottom seismometers with deep learning

description: We assembled a database of Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) waveforms and manual P and S picks from local seismicity, on which we trained PickBlue, a deep-learning picker, using the seismometer data and the hydrophone channel. The dataset belongs to Bornstein et al. (accepted 2023 in Earth and Space Science). The picker and database are available in the SeisBench platform, allowing easy and direct application to OBS traces and hydrophone records.
The complete database is also accessible with SEISBENCH: https://seisbench.readthedocs.ioSEISBENCH on github:https://github.com/seisbench
Related paper:
Bornstein, T., Lange, D., Münchmeyer, J., Woollam, J., Rietbrock., A., Barcheck, G., Grevemeyer, I., Tilmann, F. (accepted 2023 in Earth and Space Science).  PickBlue: Seismic phase picking for ocean bottom seismometers with deep learning, Earth and Space Science. 
description: Important note: We strongly recommend accessing the data via SeisBench interfaces. This includes downloading the dataset, which is conveniently possible by installing SeisBench and constructing an object of the OBS data class. On the first execution, the dataset is downloaded from the repository onto your machine. The download requires about 35GB of free disk space in your home resp. user directory. 
For the principal structure of the SeisBench datasets, see:
https://seisbench.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pages/data_format.html
The data comes in chunks. Each HDF5 file contains the pure wave forms and is accompanied by a metadata CSV-file. The file 'chunk' is used by SeisBench to determine which pair of metadata and waveforms file belongs to a chunk.
Note that the chunks are not separated by deployment. All deployments are included in chunk '000000'. The other chunks contain the AACSE deployment, separated by month.
description: Description of Ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) Deployments assembled for this data submission 
Experiment name: Logachev Deployment, Cruise P380
Network code LO
Number of Events: 1370
Picks (total/P/S) : 16000 / 9429 / 6571
IDs (from/to): 20001/21370
OBS Stations: 14
Remarks:
- Only hydrophone channels
- Station water depths undefined
Reference:
Grevemeyer, I., T.J. Reston, S. Moeller, Micro-seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 7°S to 8°15'S and at the Logatchev Massif core complex at 14°40'N to 14°50'N, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 14(9), doi:10.1002/ggge.20197, 2013
Experiment name: P393 - Alboran Sea 2009
Networkcode AS
Number of Events: 177
Picks (total/P/S) : 3551 / 1634 / 1917
IDs (from/to): 50001 -- 50177
OBS Stations: 30
Remarks:
- Station water depths undefined
- Short period (1HZ OBS)
Reference:
Grevemeyer, I., E. Gràcia, A. Villaseñor, W. Leuchters, and A. B. Watts (2015), Seismicity and active tectonics in the Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean: Constraints from an offshore-onshore seismological network and swath bathymetry data, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 8348–8365, doi:10.1002/2015JB012073.
Experiment name: P467 - Gorringe Bank
Network code GO
Number of Events: 45
Picks (total/P/S) : 521 / 343 / 178
IDs (from/to): 30001 -- 30045
OBS Stations: 15
Remarks:
- Short period OBS, GEOMAR design
Reference:
Grevemeyer, I., D. Lange, H. Villinger, S. Custódio, and L. Matias (2017), Seismotectonics of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain and Gorringe Bank, eastern Atlantic Ocean: Constraints from ocean bottom seismometer data, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 63–78, doi:10.1002/2016JB013586.
 
description: Experiment name: P440 - Horseshoe Abyssal Plain
Network code HS
Number of Events: 81
Picks (total/P/S) : 853 / 677 / 176
IDs (from/to): 40001 -- 40081
OBS Stations: 13
Remarks:
- Empty weights are presumably "0" weight
- Short-period OBS (1HZ)
Reference:
Grevemeyer, I., D. Lange, H. Villinger, S. Custódio, and L. Matias (2017), Seismotectonics of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain and Gorringe Bank, eastern Atlantic Ocean: Constraints from ocean bottom seismometer data, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 63–78, doi:10.1002/2016JB013586.
Experiment name: Cayman - Cayman spreading centre
Network code CA
Number of Events: 241
Picks (total/P/S) : 3248 / 1583 / 1665
IDs (from/to): 50001 -- 50241
OBS Stations: 20
 Reference:
Grevemeyer, I., N.W. Hayman, D. Lange, C. Peirce, C. Papenberg, H.J.A. Van Avendonk, F. Schmid, L. Gómez de La Peña, and A. Dannowski (2019), Constraining the maximum depth of brittle deformation at slow- and ultraslow-spreading ridges using microseismicity, Geology, 47, 1069–1073, doi:10.1130/G46577.1
Experiment name: Offshore Iquique (2015-2016)
Network code : IQ
Number of Events: 16646 / 13428 / 3218
Picks (total/P/S) : 2009
IDs (from/to): 1 -- 11987
OBS Stations: 14
Remarks:
- Two deployments of OBS, ~14 Stations each
- MPX picks, manually revised by Florian Petersen (Geomar)
- Short period OBS (1HZ)
Reference:
Petersen, Florian, Dietrich Lange, Bo Ma, Ingo Grevemeyer, Jacob Geersen, Dirk Klaeschen, Eduardo Contreras‐Reyes, u. a. "Relationship Between Subduction Erosion and the Up-Dip Limit of the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique Earthquake". Geophysical Research Letters 48, Nr. 9 (2021): e2020GL092207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092207.
Experiment name: Blanco Fault Transform
Network code X9
Number of Events: 138
Picks (total/P/S) : 3811 / 2850 / 961
IDs (from/to): 90001 -- 90138
OBS Stations: 54
Remarks:
- US-OBS data, stronger events manually picked by Yu Ren (GEOMAR)
- The OBS data is from the X9 OBS network:
http://ds.iris.edu/gmap/#network=X9&starttime=2012-01-01T00:00:00&endtime=2013-12-31T23:59:59&planet=earth
- Kuna, Václav M., John L. Nábělek, und Jochen Braunmiller. "Mode of Slip and Crust–Mantle Interaction at Oceanic Transform Faults". Nature Geoscience 12, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): 138–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0287-1.
Reference for phase picks:
Ren, Y., Lange, D., Grevemeyer, I., 2023. Seismotectonics of the Blanco Transform Fault System, Northeast Pacific: Evidence for an Immature Plate Boundary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 128, e2022JB026045. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB026045
Experiment name: Alaska Array - XO
Network code: X0, Alaska Array
Number of Events: 45
Picks (total/P/S) : 409 / 209 / 200
IDs (from/to): 1001 -- 1045
OBS Stations:
Remarks:
- OBS Waveforms from the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment (AACSE), manually picked by Dietrich Lange (GEOMAR). 
- Broadband stations.
Reference for continuous OBS Dataset (network code X0):
- Barcheck, Grace, Geoffrey A. Abers, Aubreya N. Adams, Anne Bécel, John Collins, James B. Gaherty, Peter J. Haeussler, u. a. "The Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment". Seismological Research Letters 91, Nr. 6 (1. November 2020): 3054–63. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200189.
- http://geoprisms.org/research/community-projects/alaska/
- http://ds.iris.edu/gmap/#network=XO&starttime=2018-01-01T00:00:00&endtime=2019-12-31T23:59:59&planet=earth
Experiment name: Alboran Sea - Deployment 2016
Network code OB
Number of Events: 2599
Picks (total/P/S) : 628 / 390 / 238
IDs (from/to): 2001 -- 4599
OBS Stations:
Remarks:
- Short period OBS (1HZ)
- Unpulished Dataset from GEOMAR, PI (I. Grevemeyer, GEOMAR)
- The timing of the OBS might be unreliable. Although the absolute timing might be unreliable, the picks were done manually on the seismograms provided here to be used for ML techniques such as phase picking. 
- No station coordinates in the CNV files.
Experiment name: GERSHWIN, Meteor Cruise 47 Leg 2
 References
Tilmann, F.; Flueh, E.; Planert, L.; Reston, T. & Weinrebe, W. Microearthquake seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5° S: A view of tectonic extension. J. Geophys. Res., 2004, 109, B06102 https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002827
Technical information
Cruise report Meteor Cruise 47 Leg 2 (Chief scientist: Ernst Flüh), https://doi.pangaea.de/10.2312/cr_m47
 Notes
- All picks are manual picks relating to events with locations
- All events shown in the paper are included in this dataset, including those poorly located. For poorly located events, depth is set to NaN
- Hydrophones obh02, obh03, obh04, obs06, obs07, obh08, obh10 have reversed polarity. The polarity picks (compressional or dilatational) reported in the database are for the reversed traces, though, i.e. are suitable for training, for example, a polarity picker. These stations might be problematic for end-to-end estimation of focal mechanism, or for testing downstream focal mechanism determination based ona automatic picks.
- Two types of pressure sensors were used in this experiment, short period hydrophones (obh03,obh05,obs07, obh09, obh11, obs12, obh14, obh15, obh16) and differential pressure gauge,DPG (obh02, obh04, obs06, ob08, obh10). The DPG records are dominated by long period noise and require high pass filtering (in the publication 5-20 Hz bandpass filtering is recommended
Experiment name: SEACAUSE (SO181)
References:
Tilmann, F., Craig, T. J., Grevemeyer, I., Suwargadi, B., Kopp, H., Flueh, W. (2010): The updip seismic/aseismic transition of the Sumatra megathrust illuminated by aftershocks of the 2004 Aceh-Andaman and 2005 Nias events. - Geophysical Journal International, 181, 3, 1261-1274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04597.x
Tilmann, F., Craig, T. J., Grevemeyer, I., Suwargadi, B., Kopp, H., Flueh, W. (2011): Erratum: The updip seismic/aseismic transition of the Sumatra megathrust illuminated by aftershocks of the 2004 Aceh-Andaman and 2005 Nias events (vol 181, pg 1261, 2010) - Geophysical Journal International, 187, 1, 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05182.x
Technical Information:
Kopp, Heidrun and Flueh, Ernst R., eds. (2006) FS Sonne Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO186 Leg 3 - SeaCause II: Penang-Singapore, 26.02.-16.03.2006. Open Access . IFM-GEOMAR Report, 06 . IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 205 pp. DOI 10.3289/ifm-geomar_rep_6_2006.
Notes:
* All picks are manual picks relating to events with locations
* This is an amphibian dataset also containing some land station waveforms and picks (land stations have positive station_elevation_m)
* All events shown in the paper are included in this dataset, including those poorly located. For poorly located events, depth is set to NaN
* In the original publication, the timing of some of the stations was not corrected correctly. This was fixed lated, described in an Erratum to the original publicaiton. Both waveforms and picks inlcuded in this dataset had the correct timing correction applied to them.
Experiment name: SPOC, Sonne Cruise SO161 Leg 1,4
References:
Thierer, P. O.; Flueh, E. R.; Kopp, H.; Tilmann, F.; Comte, D. & Contreras, S., Local earthquake monitoring offshore Valparaiso, Chile, Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Paläont. Abhandlungen, 2005, 109, 236, 173-183 https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/236/2005/173
Technical information:
Cruise reports for Sonne cruises
- SO161/4 (SPOC): 2001-11-30 (Valparaiso) â 2001-12-23 (Valparaiso)
- SO161/1 (SPOC): 2001-10-09 (Antofagasta) â 2001-10-15 (Valparaiso)
- Chief scientists: Flueh, Ernst R
- Report: doi:10.3289/GEOMAR_Report_102_2002
 Notes:
* All picks are manual picks relating to events with locations
* Most of the events shown in the paper as selected within or near the network (gap < 300) are included, with a few exceptions where the waveform file was corrupted, or where there were only few picks
* Two types of pressure sensors were used in this experiment, short period hydrophones (obs03, obh06,obh08,obh20,obh11,obh15,obh16,obh18,obh19, obh20,obh22, obs01; instrument type SH) and differential pressure gauge,DPG (obh02 obh05,obh07,obs09,obs12,obs13m,obs14,obs17; instrument type BH). The DPG records are dominated by long period noise and require high pass filtering.
* For seismometers Webb (geophones with response correction) and PMDs were used. Both can be considered wide band instruments
Experiment name: SUMA 
# Technical information:
- T J Henstock, T., S S Gulick, S.S. & Permana, H. et al. (2008). Cruise Report No. 32
- RV Sonne Cruise 198-2, 18 JUN-01 AUG 2008, Merak, Indonesia - Merak, Indonesia, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/report/8533/
# References:
Lange, D., Tilmann, F., Henstock, T., Rietbrock, A., Natawidjaja, D. and Kopp, H. (2018) Structure of the Central Sumatran Subduction Zone Revealed by Local Earthquake Travel Time Tomography Using Amphibious Data. Solid Earth, 9 (4). pp. 1035-1049. DOI 10.5194/se-9-1035-2018.Lange, D., Tilmann, F., Rietbrock, A., Collings, R., Natawidjaja, D.H., Suwargadi, B.W., Barton, P., Henstock, T. and Ryberg, T. (2010): The Fine Structure of the Subducted Investigator Ridge in Western Sumatra as Seen by Local Seismicity, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 298(1-2), doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.020.
# Notes:
- All picks are manual picks relating to local events with locations
- Events: 593, OBS: 10
- OBS type: OBIC
- Phase Picks (P/S): 6,734 5025
 Experiment name: TIPTEQ Outer Rise
References:
Tilmann, F. J.; Grevemeyer, I.; Flueh, E. R.; Dahm, T.; Gossler, J. (2008): Seismicity in the outer rise offshore southern Chile: Indication of fluid effects in crust and mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 269, 1-2, 41-55. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.044ÃÂ> |ÃÂ 
Technical information:
Flueh, E.R., Grevemeyer, I. (Eds.), 2005. FS Sonne Cruise Report SO181
TIPTEQ. Vol. 2 of IFM-GEOMAR Report. Leibniz-Institut f. Meereswissenschaften an d. Christian-Albrechts-UniversitÃ€t Kiel.https://dx.doi.org/10.3289/IFM-GEOMAR_REP_2_2005.
Notes:
- All picks are manual picks relating to events with locations
- All events shown in the paper are included in this dataset, including those poorly located. For poorly located events, depth is set to NaN, and there is no magnitude estimate
- One of the stations used in the paper (obs20) had timing issues, which were corrected for the analysis in the reference. This station is not included in the dataset presented here
- Stations obs17, obs24, ob25 and obs27 were later found to have had reversed polarities on the vertical component. The polarity picks (compressional or dilatational reported in the database are for the reversed traces, though, i.e. are suitable for training, for example, a polarity picker. These stations might be problematic for end-to-end estimation of focal mechanism. or for testing downstream focal mechanism determination based on automatic picks.long-period
description: A compilation of 15 OBS deployments in various regions from 2000 to 2019. It consists of 109,208 traces and provides about 50 meta data fields per trace.
A map of the deployments can be seen in Bornstein et al. or here: 
https://seisbench.readthedocs.io/en/stable/_images/obs_mapplot.png