DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dr7sqvb8v
title: Data from: Biodiversity in agroforestry systems implemented in tropical ecoregions: A systematic review

description: This is a dataset containing extensive information on agroforestry systems
 (AFSs) and reference vegetation areas where the diversity of taxonomic
 groups or growth forms was measured. AFSs and their reference areas are
 located in tropical ecoregions across de globe, and data were gathered
 through a systematic review including 92 papers and 294 data sampling
 sites. We considered each taxonomic group or growth form studied in a
 sampling site (AFS or reference vegetation area) as an observation, and
 extracted the following information to the file “Main_data.csv”: location,
 ecoregion, climate, soil, size, method of biodiversity sampling, and
 number of species, individuals, and/or biodiversity index found in each
 AFS and reference area; origin (whether the AFS originated from areas with
 alternative land use, such as agriculture, pastures, or degraded areas, or
 in areas with natural vegetation that are converted into productive
 systems), type (simple or biodiverse), age, crop type, management
 strategy, presence of nearby natural vegetation areas, distance to nearby
 natural vegetation areas, type of nearby vegetation, and predominant
 matrix around each AFS; vegetation type and age of each reference area,
 and characterization of the forest (primary or secondary, and regeneration
 stage) in reference areas with forest as the vegetation type; mean
 diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, number of
 regenerating tree species or individuals, number of pioneer and
 non-pioneer tree species, and number of invasive plant species in
 observations of the tree community in AFSs and reference vegetation areas.
 The “Main_data.csv” file contains 470 observations. The complete
 references included in the systematic review can be found in the file
 “RefID.csv” and the full ecoregion names are presented in
 “Ecoregion_Olson.csv”.
description: For our systematic review on biodiversity in agroforestry systems
 (AFSs) implemented in tropical ecoregions, we searched for papers using
 the following keywords present in the title: field 1- agroforest*; field
 2- diversity OR richness OR abundance; field 3- tropical. We conducted our
 search in the platforms Periódicos CAPES, Web of Science, Scielo, and
 Google Scholar. We did not restrict the oldest publication date and we
 finished our search in July 2023. For a paper to be included in the
 systematic review, it necessarily had to compare the abundance, richness,
 and/or diversity index of some taxonomic group or growth form between AFSs
 and reference vegetation areas located in tropical ecoregions, anywhere in
 the world. We considered each taxonomic group or growth form studied in an
 AFS or reference area as an observation and extracted the information
 provided in Main_data.csv.
description: # Data from: Biodiversity in agroforestry systems implemented in tropical
 ecoregions: A systematic review Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.dr7sqvb8v](10.5061/dryad.dr7sqvb8v) ## Description of the
 data and file structure This dataset contains the data used in the
 article: Ortolan, E.; Maciel, E.A. & Martins, V.F. Biodiversity in
 agroforestry systems implemented in tropical ecoregions: a systematic
 review. Journal of Environmental Management. Authors: Ezequiel Ortolan
 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal
 de São Carlos (UFSCar), Araras, SP, Brazil. E-mail:
 [ziqueortolan@yahoo.com.br](mailto:ziqueortolan@yahoo.com.br) Everton A.
 Maciel Chair of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr.
 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto
 de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP,
 Brazil. E-mail:
 [Everton.Maciel@uni-bayreuth.de](mailto:Everton.Maciel@uni-bayreuth.de)
 Valéria Forni Martins Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e
 Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos
 (UFSCar), Araras, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto
 de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP,
 Brazil. E-mail: [vmartins@ufscar.br](mailto:vmartins@ufscar.br) Comments
 and requests should be addressed to Ezequiel Ortolan:
 [ziqueortolan@yahoo.com.br](mailto:ziqueortolan@yahoo.com.br). All
 material is free of use, but I would appreciate being told, and this
 dataset and the matching paper cited if appropriate. ### Files and
 variables #### File: Data.zip **Description:**  Main_data.csv: Contains
 extensive information on agroforestry systems (AFSs) and reference
 vegetation areas where the diversity of taxonomic groups or growth forms
 was measured. Each line is an observation, i.e., diversity assessment of a
 taxonomic group or subgroup, or growth form in a study site (AFS or
 reference vegetation area). Collums are as follows: | **Collum name** |
 **Explanation** | | :----------------------------- |
 :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | RefID | Paper identification. The complete references can be found in the file RefID.csv | | Publication\_year | Year in which the paper was published | | Site\_code | Study site identification | | Site\_name | Name of the study site | | Latitude | Latitude of the study site | | Longitude | Longitude of the study site | | Municipality | Municipality where data were collected | | State\_County | State or County where data were collected | | Country | Country where data were collected | | Continent | Continent where data were collected | | Ecoregion\_Olson | Ecoregion where data were collected according to Olson et al. (2001). Full ecoregion names can be found in the file Ecoregion\_Olson.csv | | Climate\_Köppen | Climate classification for the study site according to the Köppen classification | | Soil\_IUSS | Soil type for the study site according to the IUSS Working Group WRB (2014) classification | | Size\_ha | Size (in hectares) of the area where data were collected | | Data\_year | Year in which data were collected | | Sampling\_method | Brief description of data sampling | | Material\_collected\_evaluated | Indicates the material collected or evaluated for biodiversity sampling | | Taxon\_general | Taxonomic group (more general classification) sampled | | Taxon\_growth\_form\_detail | Taxonomic group (more refined classification) or growth form sampled, as presented in the papers | | Taxon\_sub\_growth\_form | Grouping of taxonomic groups (more refined classification) or growth forms sampled. Flying insects include bees, butterflies, Diptera, parasitoids, and wasps; soil invertebrates include Collembola, Myriapoda, spiders, termites, and worms; other invertebrates include invertebrates not classified under the previous categories; other plants include plants with growth form other than tree | | Species\_richness | Number of species sampled | | Abundance | Number of individuals sampled | | Diversity\_index | Diversity index used | | Diversity\_index\_value | When a diversity index was used, indicates its value; the index used can be found in collum "Diversity\_index" | | AFS | 1 if the study site is an agroforestry system, 0 if the study site is a reference vegetation area | | Origin | Indicates whether the paper studied agroforestry system(s) originated from an area with alternative land use (ALU) or natural vegetation (VN) | | AFS\_type | When collum "AFS" is 1, indicates whether the agroforestry system is biodiverse or simple | | Age\_AFS\_yr | When collum "AFS" is 1, indicates the age (in years) of the agroforestry system | | Crop\_type | When collum "AFS" is 1, indicates the crop type in the agroforestry system | | Management | When collum "AFS" is 1, indicates whether the agroforestry system is managed (1) or unmanaged (0) | | Management\_strategy | When collum "AFS" is 1 and collum "Management" is 1, indicates the management strategy in the agroforestry system | | Proximity | When collum "AFS" is 1, indicates whether there is an area with natural vegetation near the agroforestry system: 1 for yes, 0 for no | | Distance\_m | When collum "AFS" is 1 and collum "Proximity" is 1, indicates the distance (in meters) between the agroforestry system and the area with natural vegetation. The distance 0 indicates that the area with natural vegetation is adjacent to the agroforestry system | | Natural\_vegetation | When collum "AFS" is 1 and collum "Proximity" is 1, indicates the type of natural vegetation near the agroforestry system | | Matrix | When collum "AFS" is 1, indicates the predominant matrix type surrounding the agroforestry system | | Vegetation\_type | When collum "AFS" is 0, indicates the vegetation type of the reference area | | Forest\_characterization | When collum "AFS" is 0 and collum "Vegetation\_type" is forest or Caatinga (which is a dry forest type), indicates whether the forest is primary or secondary | | Regeneration | When collum "AFS" is 0 and collum "Vegetation\_type" is forest, indicates the forest regeneration stage | | Age\_reference\_yr | When collum "AFS" is 0, indicates the age (in years) of the reference area | | DBH\_CBH | When trees were measured in the study, indicates whether they were measured for diameter at breast height (DBH) or circumference at breast height (CBH). There are tree measurements in some papers that studied the diversity of taxonomic groups or subgroups, or growth forms other than tree | | DBH\_inclusion\_cm | When trees were measured in the study (collum "DBH\_CBH" is DBH or CBH), indicates the minimum diameter at breast height (DBH, in centimetres) for tree sampling. The only study that used circumference at breast height (CBH) did not inform the inclusion value (NA). There are tree measurements in some papers that studied the diversity of taxonomic groups or subgroups, or growth forms other than tree | | DBH\_mean\_cm | When trees were measured in the study (collum "DBH\_CBH" is DBH or CBH), indicates the mean diameter at breast height (DBH, in centimetres) of trees sampled. For the only study that used circumference at breast height (CBH), we transformed the mean CBH to mean DBH. There is one study that did not inform whether trees were measured for DBH or CBH (collum "DBH\_CBH" is NA) but provided the mean DBH. There are tree measurements in some papers that studied the diversity of taxonomic groups or subgroups, or growth forms other than tree | | Basal\_area\_m2 | Indicates the total tree basal area (in m2) in the study site. There are studies that did not inform whether trees were measured for DBH or CBH (collum "DBH\_CBH" is NA) nor the mean DBH (collum "DBH\_mean\_cm" is NA) but provided the basal area. There are tree measurements in some papers that studied the diversity of taxonomic groups or subgroups, or growth forms other than tree | | Canopy\_cover\_% | Indicates the percentage of the study site's area shaded by trees. There are tree measurements in some papers that studied the diversity of taxonomic groups or subgroups, or growth forms other than tree | | Regenerants\_spp | When collum "Taxon\_sub\_growth\_form" is "Trees", indicates the number of regenerating tree species | | Regenerants\_abund | When collum "Taxon\_sub\_growth\_form" is "Trees", indicates the number of regenerating tree individuals | | Pioneer | When collum "Taxon\_sub\_growth\_form” is "Trees", indicates the number of pioneer tree species | | Non-pioneer | When collum "Taxon\_sub" is "Trees", indicates the number of non-pioneer tree species | | Invasive | Indicates the number or identity of invasive plant species | **NA indicates that the datum was not given in the original paper.** RefID.csv: Contains the complete references included in the systematic review. Ecoregion_Olson.csv: Contains the full ecoregion names (with acronyms) according to Olson et al. (2001). ## Code/software No specific sofware is needed to view the raw data. Files are in .csv format. ## Access information Data were derived from the following sources: From the geographical coordinates of each agroforestry system (AFS) and reference vegetation area studied, we determined their ecoregion according to Olson et al. (2001) using the terrestrial ecoregions dataset available in ArcGIS 10 (ESRI, 2011). Data on AFSs and reference areas were extracted from: Ackerman, I. L., Constantino, R., Gauch, H. G., Lehmann, J., Riha, S. J. & Fernandes, E. C. M., 2009. Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) species composition in a primary rain forest and agroforests in central Amazonia. Biotropica. 41, 226–233. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00479.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00479.x). de Aguiar, M. I., Fialho, J. S., de Araújo, F. d. C. S., Campanha, M. M. & de Oliveira, T. S., 2013. Does biomass production depend on plant community diversity? 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