cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc25gc01
title: CCDC 2009792: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Perihan Kızılkaya, Elif Şenkuytu, Derya Davarcı, Uğur Pala, Zehra Ölçer, Gönül Yenilmez Çiftçi|2020|New J.Chem.|44|18942|doi:10.1039/D0NJ03908J
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc25gc12
title: CCDC 2009793: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Perihan Kızılkaya, Elif Şenkuytu, Derya Davarcı, Uğur Pala, Zehra Ölçer, Gönül Yenilmez Çiftçi|2020|New J.Chem.|44|18942|doi:10.1039/D0NJ03908J
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc25gc23
title: CCDC 2009794: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Perihan Kızılkaya, Elif Şenkuytu, Derya Davarcı, Uğur Pala, Zehra Ölçer, Gönül Yenilmez Çiftçi|2020|New J.Chem.|44|18942|doi:10.1039/D0NJ03908J
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc25k5qn
title: CCDC 2012511: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Shuai Liu, Xia Chen|2020|J.Organomet.Chem.|930|121596|doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121596
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc25k5pm
title: CCDC 2012510: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Shuai Liu, Xia Chen|2020|J.Organomet.Chem.|930|121596|doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121596
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2018_2
title: Environmental drivers of forest structure and stem turnover across Venezuelan tropical forests

description: XXXX[Describe DAtaSet]
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2018_1
title: Height-diameter input data and R-code to fit and assess height-diameter models, from 'Field methods for sampling tree height for tropical forest biomass estimation' in Methods in Ecology and Evolution

description: 1.	Quantifying the relationship between tree diameter and height is a key component of efforts to estimate biomass and carbon stocks in tropical forests. Although substantial site-to-site variation in height-diameter allometries has been documented, the time consuming nature of measuring all tree heights in an inventory plot means that most studies do not include height, or else use generic pan-tropical or regional allometric equations to estimate height.  2.	Using a pan-tropical dataset of 73 plots where at least 150 trees had in-field ground-based height measurements, we examined how the number of trees sampled affects the performance of locally-derived height-diameter allometries, and evaluated the performance of different methods for sampling trees for height measurement.  3.	Using cross-validation, we found that allometries constructed with just 20 locally measured values could often predict tree height with lower error than regional or climate-based allometries (mean reduction in prediction error = 0.46 m). The predictive performance of locally-derived allometries improved with sample size, but with diminishing returns in performance gains when more than 40 trees were sampled. Estimates of stand-level biomass produced using local allometries to estimate tree height show no over- or under-estimation bias when compared with estimates using measured heights. We evaluated five strategies to sample trees for height measurement, and found that sampling strategies that included measuring the heights of the ten largest diameter trees in a plot outperformed (in terms of resulting in local height-diameter models with low height prediction error) entirely random or diameter size-class stratified approaches.  4.	Our results indicate that even remarkably limited sampling of heights can be used to refine height-diameter allometries. We recommend aiming for a conservative threshold of sampling 50 trees per location for height measurement, and including the ten trees with the largest diameter in this sample.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2017_1
title: Biomass data from 'Forest biomass density across large climate gradients in northern South America is related to water availability but not with temperature'

description: Understanding and predicting the likely response of ecosystems to climate change are crucial challenges for ecology and for conservation biology. Nowhere is this challenge greater than in the tropics as these forests store more than half the total atmospheric carbon stock in their biomass. Biomass is determined by the balance between biomass inputs (i.e., growth) and outputs (mortality). We can expect therefore that conditions that favor high growth rates, such as abundant water supply, warmth, and nutrient-rich soils will tend to correlate with high biomass stocks. Our main objective is to describe the patterns of above ground biomass (AGB) stocks across major tropical forests across climatic gradients in Northwestern South America. We gathered data from 200 plots across the region, at elevations ranging between 0 to 3400 m. We estimated AGB based on allometric equations and values for stem density, basal area, and wood density weighted by basal area at the plot-level. We used two groups of climatic variables, namely mean annual temperature and actual evapotranspiration as surrogates of environmental energy, and annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and water availability as surrogates of water availability. We found that AGB is more closely related to water availability variables than to energy variables. In northwest South America, water availability influences carbon stocks principally by determining stand structure, i.e. basal area. When water deficits increase in tropical forests we can expect negative impact on biomass and hence carbon storage.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2016_4
title: Trait data from: "Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology"

description: Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships amongst species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning &gt;300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of similar, pioneer and shade tolerant life history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant phylogenetic signal allowsLineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships amongst species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning &gt;300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of similar, pioneer and shade tolerant life history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant phylogenetic signal allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change. clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2016_3
title: Plot  Data from "Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome."

description: Tropical forests are global centres of both biodiversity and carbon storage.  Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest diversity-carbon relationship and this remains largely unexplored. Attempts to assess and understand this relationship in tropical forest ecosystems have been hindered by the scarcity of inventories where carbon storage in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-tropical dataset of 360 plots located in old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of the relationship between carbon storage and tree diversity. We find strongly contrasting variation in diversity and carbon among continents. Thus, on average, African forests have high carbon storage but relatively low diversity, Amazonian forests have high diversity but less carbon, and Southeast Asian forests have both high diversity and high carbon storage. Carbon-diversity relationships among all plots across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). Within 1 ha plots a weak positive relationship is detectable, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to most conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies alone would miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both will require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2019_2
title: Data from "Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests" Coelho de Souza et al., 2019 Nature Ecology and Evolution
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2014_2
title: Plot Data from " Methods to estimate aboveground wood productivity from long-term forest inventory plots"

description: Forest inventory plots are widely used to estimate biomass carbon storage and its change over time. While there has been much debate and exploration of the analytical methods for calculating biomass, the methods used to determine rates of wood production have not been evaluated to the same degree. This affects assessment of ecosystem fluxes and may have wider implications if inventory data are used to parameterise biospheric models, or scaled to large areas in assessments of carbon sequestration. Here we use a dataset of 35 long-term Amazonian forest inventory plots to test different methods of calculating wood production rates. These address potential biases associated with three issues that routinely impact the interpretation of tree measurement data: (1) changes in the point of measurement (POM) of stem diameter as trees grow over time; (2) unequal length of time between censuses; and (3) the treatment of trees that pass the minimum diameter threshold (“recruits”). We derive corrections that control for changing POM height, that account for the unobserved growth of trees that die within census intervals, and that explore different assumptions regarding the growth of recruits during the previous census interval. For our dataset we find that annual aboveground coarse wood production (AGWP; in Mg ha-1 year-1 of dry matter) is underestimated on average by 9.2 % if corrections are not made to control for changes in POM height. Failure to control for the length of sampling intervals results in a mean underestimation of 2.7 % in annual AGWP in our plots for a mean interval length of 3.6 years. Different methods for treating recruits result in mean differences of up to 8.1 % in AGWP. In general, the greater the length of time a plot is sampled for and the greater the time elapsed between censuses, the greater the tendency to underestimate wood production. We recommend that POM changes, census interval length, and the contribution of recruits should all be accounted for when estimating productivity rates, and suggest methods for doing this.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2016_2
title: Plot data from: "Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models"

description: Understanding the processes that determine aboveground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity (woody NPP) and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size-structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influence AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates, and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP, and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2016_1
title: Data from: "African savanna-forest boundary dynamics: a 20-year study"

description: Recent studies show widespread encroachment of forest into savannas with important consequences for the global carbon cycle and land-atmosphere interactions. However, little research has focused on in situ measurements of forest-savanna boundary change over time. Using long-term inventory plots we quantify changes in above-ground biomass (AGB), vegetation structure and biodiversity over 20 years for five vegetation types (savanna, colonising forest or F1, successional monodominant forest or F2, Marantaceae forest or F3 and mixed forest or F4) along a savanna-forest transition of central Gabon, all occurring on similar soils. Additionally, we use novel 3D terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements to assess forest structure differences across the transition.
 
Overall, F1 and F2 forests increased in AGB, mainly as a result of adding stems (recruitment in F1) or increased Basal Area (F2). Some plots of F3 and F4 increased in AGB while some decreased. Changes in biodiversity and species’ dominance were small. After 20 years no plot could be classified as having moved to the next stage in the succession. TLS vertical plant profiles showed very distinctive differences amongst the vegetation types. 
We highlight two relevant points: (i) as forest colonises, changes in biodiversity are much slower than changes in forest structure or AGB; and (ii) all forest types store important quantities of Carbon. Decades long-term monitoring is likely to be required to assess the speed of transition between vegetation types, ideally with TLS, as this provides more objective forest classifications than inventory monitoring.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/1999_1
title: Data from 91 Transect Plots from “Proyecto Biodiversidad y Comunidad, Madre de Dios, Perú”

description: This data package makes available tree-by-tree diameter and floristic data from 91 samples of 0.1-ha each, in community and protected lands in eastern Madre de Dios, in Amazonian Peru.  Data were collected by a team of Peruvian botanists and assistants, in a collaboration between the University of Leeds, the Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, and the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana. This work was part of a project funded by the U.K. Department for International Development, and represents the first coordinated contribution to the international RAINFOR consortium (Red Amazónica de Inventarios Forestales). Fieldwork was conducted in 1998 and 1999, with subsequent herbarium work focused on accurate identification of the plants collected. The field protocol involved the locally randomised location of sample plots within culturally and biophysical strata as defined by Landsat imagery in conjunction with researcher knowledge and representatives of the local indigenous and immigrant rural communities. The primary contrast is between ‘altura’ and ‘bajio’ forest systems, the former being terra firme forests on largely Pleistocene deposits, the latter in the Holocene floodplain zone (some but not all sites experiencing occasional flooding). Each 0.1-ha sample is a modified Gentry plot, with non-scandent stems down to 2.5cm diameter measured and identified, at a height of 1.3m or above buttresses.  For further details on methodology please see the references indicated.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2015_1
title: Data from "Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling Amazon".

description: The extraordinary diversity of Amazonian forests conceals that tree abundance is 121 strongly skewed towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant’ species. In addition to their 122 diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, 123 assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here, we 124 ask, using a unique dataset of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and 125 producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether 126 the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant 127 species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of 128 forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree 129 abundance, with only ≈1% of all Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon 130 storage and productivity. Whilst those species that contribute most to biomass and 131 productivity are often abundant, species maximum size also has a critical role.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2014_4
title: Plot Data from: "Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink."

description: Atmospheric CO2 records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink likely located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historic evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that the Amazon has acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above ground biomass declined by a third during the last decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while reduction in biomass due to tree mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include a greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2014_3
title: Plot Data from "Tropical forest wood production: a cross-continentalcomparison"

description: Abstract
Insert abstract here.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4281270
title: Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions: 1751-2017

description: This data product is a time series of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture. Estimates of CO2 emissions are included for the globe and by nation back to 1751, and include emissions from solid fuel consumption, liquid fuel consumption, gas fuel consumption, cement production, and gas flaring. Per capita CO2 emissions and emissions from international trade (bunker fuels) are included as well; bunker fuels are not included in country totals, but are assigned to the country in which loading took place. Estimates are generated using the United Nations Energy Statistics database and the United States Geologic Survey’s cement statistics. Datasets produced from this group at Appalachian State University are located at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.15485/1712447, and are also located at https://energy.appstate.edu/research/work-areas/cdiac-appstate. Historic CDIAC data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory are located here: https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2017. This dataset is the foundational dataset for the annual global carbon budget and other carbon cycle analyses that need relevant fossil fuel CO2 data. Within this data package are spreadsheets (.csv) of global and national estimates of CO2 emissions as well as text files of the ranking of each country’s total CO2 emissions and per capita for that year
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/09889b71f17cca7770838212fa756ba6
title: Wetland abundance and distribution changes in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2014-2019)

description: The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This dataset was collected to understand: (1) the spatial pattern of wetland distribution and abundance; (2) the influence of multi-annual variability in hydrological regime on wetland distribution and abundance; and (3) the mechanism of the resilience of wetland to different disturbances in terms of hydrology (i.e., drying and flooding).