cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17211095
title: Table 2 in Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites

description: Table 2. Summary statistics for allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci for P. mesopotamicus across samples. N A = number of alleles. Allele frequencies for the first three most abundant alleles. In parentesis allele size in base pairs. F IS = genetic variation within subsample. F IT = genetic variation in the total sample. F ST = genetic divergence among populations measured by Θ (Weir & Cockerham, 1984).
Allele Frequency (lenght)LociNAFirstSecondThirdFISFITFSTPme2110.270 (203)0.241 (205)0.147 (207)0.0550.0710.017Pme4110.454 (206)0.172 (202)0.122 (208)0.0210.0410.020Pme5100.286 (194)0.229 (200)0.204 (196)-0.0150.0070.021Pme1460.663 (203)0.254 (206)0.032 (200)-0.111-0.0960.013Pme2060.623 (214)0.291 (216)0.049 (210)0.0930.0980.005Pme2130.840 (266)0.098 (260)0.053 (268)0.1100.1170.008Pme28180.385 (223)0.196 (209)0.098 (215)0.1010.1050.004Pme3230.926 (247)0.069 (241)0.004 (250)-0.108-0.0620.041Total68---0.0310.0150.045
description: Published as part of Calcagnotto, Daniela & DeSalle, Rob, 2009, Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites, pp. 611 in Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (4) on page 611, DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252009000400008, http://zenodo.org/record/17211080
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17211097
title: Table 3 in Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites

description: Table 3. Matrix of Exact tests of genetic pairwise differentiation between six collecting sites using F ST (bellow diagonal) and R ST (above diagonal) with associated levels of significance, *p <0.05 after Bonferroni corrections.
CUIPAYMIRTAQPARPANCUI-0.028900.020510.005510.000140.03483PAY0.013980.06325-0.054510.028730.05460MIR0.004380.018840.082340.015630.04735TAQ-0.000080.001580.000850.043800.10801PAR0.008630.008810.012470.005070.02103PAN0.06526*0.073150.041940.05230*0.003938
description: Published as part of Calcagnotto, Daniela & DeSalle, Rob, 2009, Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites, pp. 612 in Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (4) on page 612, DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252009000400008, http://zenodo.org/record/17211080
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17211096
title: Table 3 in Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites

description: Table 3. Matrix of Exact tests of genetic pairwise differentiation between six collecting sites using F ST (bellow diagonal) and R ST (above diagonal) with associated levels of significance, *p <0.05 after Bonferroni corrections.
CUIPAYMIRTAQPARPANCUI-0.028900.020510.005510.000140.03483PAY0.013980.06325-0.054510.028730.05460MIR0.004380.018840.082340.015630.04735TAQ-0.000080.001580.000850.043800.10801PAR0.008630.008810.012470.005070.02103PAN0.06526*0.073150.041940.05230*0.003938
description: Published as part of Calcagnotto, Daniela & DeSalle, Rob, 2009, Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites, pp. 612 in Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (4) on page 612, DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252009000400008, http://zenodo.org/record/17211080
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pgjjhm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Calathea cofaniorum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020818-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5ed6da
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Porcellionides sexfasciatus",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020816-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uk7ggj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 395 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Porcellionides sexfasciatus",
 "Country is Spain",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 395 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020817-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zr6f79
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Abscondita terminalis",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020819-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.21227/hpvx-7548
title: "Mazes, Trees and Graphs (Power Law and Small Word) to test search algorithms"

description: "4 kinds of graphs\/trees: Perfect Mazes (i.e., acyclic trees)Random Trees (from networkx)Small world (from networkx)Barabasi-Albert Power Law Graphs (from networkx)seee README.txt for more details about how the graphs were generated. sizes, in number of nodes: 100,250,500,1000,1500 "
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kc42kc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Haplophthalmus danicus",
 "Country is Spain",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020822-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30223357
title: LC/MS Untargeted Metabolomics Peak Areas for Xenometabolomics reveals metabolic functional guilds unique to specific inulin subtypes in human gut microbiota cultures, Piccolo et al, mSystems, 2025

description: Dietary fibers promote positive health outcomes that are generally attributed to large bowel bacterial fermentation and associated bioactive metabolites. Historically, studies of the latter have focused on short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. The gastrointestinal microbiota generate thousands of xenometabolites (microbe-derived, “non-host” metabolites). Most remain uncharacterized for composition and potential bioactivity, and little is known about the impact of fiber structure on the xenometabolome. Using LC/MS we characterized culture supernatant metabolite profiles in human stool lineages derived from 3 healthy adult donors and 6 inulins covering a range of degrees of polymerization (DPs): chicory-derived Frutalose L90 (L90; DP ~ 3), Alfa Aesar (AA; DP ~5), Frutafit CLR (CLR; DP ~ 8), Frutafit IQ (IQ; DP ~12), Frutafit TEX (TEX; DP &gt; 23), and the highly branched Frutafit agave inulin (AGA). Of the 1219 LC/MS detected metabolites included in the final data analysis, concentrations of 704 were statistically significant (FDR &lt; 0.1; Kruskal-Wallis test); of these, 17 metabolites had a structural annotation, highlighting the large number of “unknown” xenometabolites associated with inulin substrates. Each fiber type led to distinct metabolite signatures despite lineages displaying highly disparate microbial community structures within and across donors. This illustrates that fiber-specific metabolic functional guilds manifest despite highly diverse human gut bacteria communities. While speculative, the metabolic functional guilds could help explain why health effects of dietary fibers are prevalent across the population despite highly disparate gut microbiota patterns. The results also reinforce that fiber structures have a profound effect on the xenometabolome.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30223357.v1
title: LC/MS Untargeted Metabolomics Peak Areas for Xenometabolomics reveals metabolic functional guilds unique to specific inulin subtypes in human gut microbiota cultures, Piccolo et al, mSystems, 2025

description: Dietary fibers promote positive health outcomes that are generally attributed to large bowel bacterial fermentation and associated bioactive metabolites. Historically, studies of the latter have focused on short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. The gastrointestinal microbiota generate thousands of xenometabolites (microbe-derived, “non-host” metabolites). Most remain uncharacterized for composition and potential bioactivity, and little is known about the impact of fiber structure on the xenometabolome. Using LC/MS we characterized culture supernatant metabolite profiles in human stool lineages derived from 3 healthy adult donors and 6 inulins covering a range of degrees of polymerization (DPs): chicory-derived Frutalose L90 (L90; DP ~ 3), Alfa Aesar (AA; DP ~5), Frutafit CLR (CLR; DP ~ 8), Frutafit IQ (IQ; DP ~12), Frutafit TEX (TEX; DP &gt; 23), and the highly branched Frutafit agave inulin (AGA). Of the 1219 LC/MS detected metabolites included in the final data analysis, concentrations of 704 were statistically significant (FDR &lt; 0.1; Kruskal-Wallis test); of these, 17 metabolites had a structural annotation, highlighting the large number of “unknown” xenometabolites associated with inulin substrates. Each fiber type led to distinct metabolite signatures despite lineages displaying highly disparate microbial community structures within and across donors. This illustrates that fiber-specific metabolic functional guilds manifest despite highly diverse human gut bacteria communities. While speculative, the metabolic functional guilds could help explain why health effects of dietary fibers are prevalent across the population despite highly disparate gut microbiota patterns. The results also reinforce that fiber structures have a profound effect on the xenometabolome.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.92huyq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Haplophthalmus danicus",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020821-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4yfzvc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 445 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Aquatica ficta",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 445 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020823-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5066/p13gvq4t
title: Surface water microplastics concentrations and characteristics from inland lakes in Minnesota, 2023: Version 1

description: This dataset describes the total concentration (Microplastics per Liter - MPL) of microplastics in surface water from eighteen distinct inland lakes in Minnesota. It also includes individual microplastic characteristics such as the longest measured dimension, width perpendicular to the longest dimension, color, morphology, length-to-width ratio, and composition. Spatial land use data, U.S. Census variables, and socioeconomic information for each lake's watershed are also provided. Surface water samples were collected using 100 micrometer net tows from May 2023 through July 2023. Sampling and analysis methods are detailed in the Processing Steps section of the metadata.
 
This dataset is part of an ongoing collaborative effort between the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, University of Minnesota-Duluth, and the U.S. Geological Survey.  Future versions of this data release are planned to include total concentration (Microplastics per Liter - MPL) of microplastics, and individual microplastic characteristics (as defined above) in sediment from twenty-seven locations across eighteen inland Minnesota lakes, in addition to surface water and sediment from twenty-two major river basin locations in Minnesota.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nvp6u7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 184 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-10000.0",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "TaxonKey is Potamopyrgus antipodarum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 184 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020824-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17211089
title: Introdução à Gestão de Dados de Pesquisa

description: Materiais apresentados durante a capacitação promovida pela Rede Nordeste de Repositórios Digitais sobre "Introdução à Gestão de Dados de Pesquisa". O dataset contêm slide de apresentação (PDF e PPT) e modelo de arquivo README (em .md, ,txt e .docx).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17211088
title: Introdução à Gestão de Dados de Pesquisa

description: Materiais apresentados durante a capacitação promovida pela Rede Nordeste de Repositórios Digitais sobre "Introdução à Gestão de Dados de Pesquisa". O dataset contêm slide de apresentação (PDF e PPT) e modelo de arquivo README (em .md, ,txt e .docx).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sy755s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Tylos niveus",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020825-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fv7ss3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 155 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Luciola kagiana",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 155 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020826-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.msj32u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Membranobalanus declivis",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020827-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/csiwrr
title: marc.xml

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/sfhg29
title: recd_2021_02_12.mets.bak

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/5ikqmh
title: FIKH000021_00001.html

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/0i5z8p
title: Khojki keyboard_2021 (1)_pdf.txt

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/pug3wz
title: Khojki OTF (1).zip

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/pghqcn
title: Keyman Keyboard Instructions (1).pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/j3f4tt
title: Keyman Keyboard Instructions (1)_pdf.txt

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/vgor1x
title: Khojki TTF (1).zip

description: :unav
DOI: 10.15468/dl.umr7wj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 39 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Luciola satoi",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 39 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020828-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/l6aluj
title: Khojki keyboard_2021 (1).pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/4tz8fx
title: khojki_key.zip

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/vvmz2b
title: Keyman Keyboard Instructions (1).txt

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/aifijx
title: FIKH000021_00001.mets.xml

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/6hmycm
title: Khojki keyboard_2021 (1)thm.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/xan5iu
title: Keyman Keyboard Instructions (1)thm.jpg

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/5pd71d
title: agreement.txt

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m/fqy304
title: Khojki keyboard_2021 (1)_pdf.zip

description: :unav
DOI: 10.34703/gzx1-9v95/wbev7m
title: Khojki Font

description: Khojki font developed by Juan Bruce to transcribe Khojki manuscripts and to be used in 21st century digital humanities scholarship and communication.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j8axvz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13770 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Chile",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Pudu puda"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13770 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020829-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hewjzy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 16685 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Colección general del plantas vasculares del Herbario JBB"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 16685 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020830-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rw5whb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Striatobalanus amaryllis",
 "Country is Brazil",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020831-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17148354
title: Amplicon Gradients 1-3: North Pacific Ocean Datasets

description: SubtitleNorth Pacific amplicon sequencing and metadata (2016–2019)

Description

This project contained Qiime2 (v2022.8) processed amplicon sequencing data (16S and 18S rRNA gene ASVs) with associated metadata from three North Pacific Ocean surveys: Gradients 1 (2016), Gradients 2 (2017), and Gradients 3 (2019). Dataframes provided in this Zenodo entry have not been rarefied yet via Phyloseq.

Publication Info





"Picophytoplankton Implicated in Productivity and BiogeoChemistry in the North Pacific transition Zone". Preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.29.656823 . Journal DOI: TBA



External Data Repositories





Raw amplicon sequences: NCBI BioProject PRJNA1302492 




R and Bash scripts:  Rebecca Key’s GitHub




These dataframes are also provided on: Simons CMAP



#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Datasets





There are 6 compressed files: 





G1_Prok.tar.gz




G1_Euk.tar.gz




G2_Prok.tar.gz




G2_Euk.tar.gz




G3_Prok.tar.gz




G3_Eukj.tar.gz





⚠️ Each tar.gz file contains 3 dataframes: a count table, taxonomy table, and sample metadata. The sample metadata will contain latitude/longitude coordinates, station, depth (meters), filter type, and collection times. The Taxonomy file will also contain ASV sequences. Counts have not been rarified





And 3 CMAP-formatted files: 





G1_ASVs_CMAP_format.xlxs


G2_ASVs_CMAP_format.xlxs



G3_ASvs_CMAP_format.xlxs





⚠️ Each .xlxs file contains the 'master' dataframe (ie. the count table, tax table, and sample metadata is already merged for you). There are two extra tabs: additional meta info and explanations for each column in the master. Counts have not been rarified

 

#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Notes For Users



Prokaryote Taxonomy = SILVA database v138.1, Primer Set 515F/806R;  V4 rRNA region

Eukaryote Taxonomy = PR2 database v5.1, Primer Set 566F/1200R; V4-V5 rRNA region (Note: only the 566F read was used, taxonomy is based on V4 only! See Key RS. et al. 2025 supplement for more info


Questions? 

Please reach out to Rebecca Key (rkeyMicrobe[at]proton[dot]me) or Bryndan Durham (b[dot]durham[at]ufl[dot]edu). 

#

#

#

History Log for Creators

* Hx.2025-09-25.rsk: Added CMAP versions. Non-CMAP versions remain unchanged. Manual archive by Zenodo Support team. 

* Hx.2025-09-26.rsk: Created a Zenodo DOI. Prior DOI linked to preprint. Old record: https://zenodo.org/records/16878708. Provided an update to G3_CMAP_format, flagged by CMAP Support Team.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s2k5c3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5941 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Hibiscus rosa-sinensis",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5941 records from 354 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0020805-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xs72kx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 149 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Diospyros suarezensis G.E.Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 149 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026213-240314170635999/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jnwueh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 30329 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Acacia mearnsii De Wild."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 30329 records from 268 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0039430-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.