cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129458
title: Supplementary Material for: Early Conventional MRI for Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 g) infants are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Conventional brain MRI at term-equivalent age is increasingly used for prediction of outcomes. However, optimal prediction models remain to be determined, especially for cognitive outcomes. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim was to evaluate the accuracy of a data-driven MRI scoring system to predict neurodevelopmental impairments. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 122 ELBW infants had a brain MRI performed at term-equivalent age. Conventional MRI findings were scored with a standardized algorithm and tested using a multivariable regression model to predict neurodevelopmental impairment, defined as one or more of the following at 18-24 months' corrected age: cerebral palsy, bilateral blindness, bilateral deafness requiring amplification, and/or cognitive/language delay. Results were compared with a commonly cited scoring system. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In multivariable analyses, only moderate-to-severe gyral maturational delay was a significant predictor of overall neurodevelopmental impairment (OR: 12.6, 95% CI: 2.6, 62.0; p &lt; 0.001). Moderate-to-severe gyral maturational delay also predicted cognitive delay, cognitive delay/death, and neurodevelopmental impairment/death. Diffuse cystic abnormality was a significant predictor of cerebral palsy (OR: 33.6, 95% CI: 4.9, 229.7; p &lt; 0.001). These predictors exhibited high specificity (range: 94-99%) but low sensitivity (30-67%) for the above outcomes. White or gray matter scores, determined using a commonly cited scoring system, did not show significant association with neurodevelopmental impairment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In our cohort, conventional MRI at term-equivalent age exhibited high specificity in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, sensitivity was suboptimal, suggesting additional clinical factors and biomarkers are needed to enable accurate prognostication.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129452
title: Supplementary Material for: <b><i>FTO</i></b> Genotype Interacts with Improvement in Aerobic Fitness on Body Weight Loss During Lifestyle Intervention

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Not every participant responds with a comparable body weight loss to lifestyle intervention, despite the same compliance. Genetic factors may explain parts of this difference. Variation in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (<i>FTO</i>) is the strongest common genetic determinant of body weight. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of <i>FTO </i>genotype differences in the link between improvement of fitness and reduction of body weight during a lifestyle intervention. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We genotyped 292 healthy subjects for <i>FTO </i>rs8050136. Participants underwent a 9-month lifestyle intervention. Before and after intervention, aerobic fitness was tested by bicycle (VO<sub>2</sub>max) and treadmill spiroergometry (individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), subgroup of N = 192). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Participants lost body weight (p &lt; 0.0001) independent of <i>FTO</i> genotype (p = 0.5). There was a significant correlation between improvement in VO<sub>2</sub>max and decrease in body weight (p &lt; 0.0001). <i>FTO</i> genotype interacted with this relationship (p = 0.0042 for VO<sub>2</sub>max, p = 0.0049 for IAT). When stratifying the cohort according to their improvement in VO<sub>2</sub>max, <i>FTO</i> obesity-risk A-allele carriers in the higher quartiles of improvement in fitness lost significantly less body weight. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data reveal that genetic variation in <i>FTO</i> impacts on body weight reduction during lifestyle intervention only in subjects with marked improvement in aerobic fitness.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129455
title: Supplementary Material for: Practice of the Treatment of Milk Allergy in the UK: A National Audit

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The management of cow's milk allergy (CMA) includes initial dairy exclusion with suitable dietary substitution, diagnostic challenges where indicated, and supervised re-introduction as the condition resolves. Information on clinician practice is limited. We audited the current practice of clinicians in the UK to evaluate adherence to international guidelines. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An online questionnaire was sent to all clinicians whose practice included children identified on the national allergy society website. One hundred and sixty questionnaires were sent and 116 (73%) responded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Skin prick tests were more commonly used than serum-specific IgE as diagnostic tests. Respective proportions selecting amino acid formulas (AAF) or extensively hydrolysed formulas (EHF) in severe versus mild/moderate presentations were 78 and 40% versus 20 and 88%; soya formula was the first choice in 8.6 and 24%. The criteria for selection of AAF as the first choice were predominantly severe IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated reactions, failure to thrive and if infants refused EHF. Oral challenges might be used to diagnose CMA in 69%, whereas nearly 90% performed challenges to assess tolerance. Most of these were open challenges, more commonly with fresh milk (90%) than baked milk (60%). Home baked milk challenges were frequently considered (70%), although only after consideration of the clinical scenario. Practice did not vary with experience. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Current practice amongst UK clinicians of the management of CMA is broadly in line with current guidance, particularly the positioning of hypoallergenic milks as substitute milk choices. A notable deviation was the use of home baked milk challenges or re-introduction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129461.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Standardized Postnatal Management of Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Europe: The CDH EURO Consortium Consensus - 2015 Update

description: In 2010, the congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) EURO Consortium published a standardized neonatal treatment protocol. Five years later, the number of participating centers has been raised from 13 to 22. In this article the relevant literature is updated, and consensus has been reached between the members of the CDH EURO Consortium. Key updated recommendations are: (1) planned delivery after a gestational age of 39 weeks in a high-volume tertiary center; (2) neuromuscular blocking agents to be avoided during initial treatment in the delivery room; (3) adapt treatment to reach a preductal saturation of between 80 and 95% and postductal saturation &gt;70%; (4) target PaCO<sub>2</sub> to be between 50 and 70 mm Hg; (5) conventional mechanical ventilation to be the optimal <i>initial</i> ventilation strategy, and (6) intravenous sildenafil to be considered in CDH patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. This article represents the current opinion of all consortium members in Europe for the optimal neonatal treatment of CDH.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129470.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Who Remain Symptomatic following Antidepressant Treatment: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although antidepressants are still a commonly used treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD), a significant proportion of patients fail to remit following antidepressants. However, no standard approach has been established for managing such patients. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as an adjunct to usual care (UC) compared with UC alone in SAD patients who remain symptomatic following antidepressant treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a prospective randomized open-blinded end-point study with two parallel groups (CBT + UC, and UC alone, both for 16 weeks) conducted from June 2012 to March 2014. SAD patients who remain symptomatic following antidepressant treatment were recruited, and a total sample size of 42 was set based on pilot results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients were randomly allocated to CBT + UC (n = 21) or UC alone (n = 21). After 16 weeks, adjusted mean reduction in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale from baseline for CBT + UC and UC alone was −40.87 and 0.68, respectively; the between-group difference was −41.55 (−53.68 to −29.42, p &lt; 0.0001). Response rates were 85.7 and 10.0% for CBT + UC and UC alone, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). The corresponding remission rates were 47.6 and 0.0%, respectively (p = 0.0005). Significant differences were also found in favor of CBT + UC for social anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results suggest that in SAD patients who have been ineffectively treated with antidepressants, CBT is an effective treatment adjunct to UC over 16 weeks in reducing social anxiety and related symptoms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129449
title: Supplementary Material for: Understanding the Aortic Isthmus Doppler Profile and Its Changes with Gestational Age Using a Lumped Model of the Fetal Circulation

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aortic isthmus (AoI) blood flow has a characteristic shape with a small end-systolic notch observed during the third trimester of pregnancy. However, what causes the appearance of this notch is not fully understood. We used a lumped model of the fetal circulation to study the possible factors causing the end-systolic notch and the changes of AoI flow through gestation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A validation of the model was performed by fitting patient-specific data from two normal fetuses. Then, different parametric analyses were performed to evaluate the major determinants of the appearance of the end-systolic notch. The changes in the AoI flow profile through gestation were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our model allows to simulate the AoI waveform. The delay in the onset of ejection together with the longer ejection duration of the right ventricle are the most relevant factors in the origin of the notch. It appears around 25 weeks of gestation and becomes more pronounced with advancing gestation. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> We demonstrated that the end-systolic notch on the AoI flow occurs mainly as a result of a delayed and longer ejection of the right ventricle. Our findings improve the understanding of hemodynamic changes in the fetal circulation and the interpretation of clinical imaging.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129446
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictive Capacity of Biomarkers for Severe Acute Pancreatitis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) substantially improves treatment of patients. A large amount of biomarkers have been studied with this objective. The aim of this work was to study predictive biomarkers using preset cut-off levels in an unselected population of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 232 patients (52.2% males, median age 66 years) with AP admitted to Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, were consecutively enrolled. Blood samples were collected upon admission and clinical data were gathered both prospectively at inclusion and through review of medical notes. Cut-off levels were defined based on the reports of prior studies, and through their results eight biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, procalcitonin and D-dimer) were selected for analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the patients, 83.2% had mild AP and 16.8% had SAP. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher upon admission in the group with SAP. When applying the preset cut-off levels on our material, sensitivity and specificity for prediction of severity were low. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that selected cut-off levels were acceptable, but areas under the curves were inferior compared to other studies. The results did not improve when using the revised Atlanta 2012 classification. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Previous studies on severity prediction of AP are difficult to compare due to large variations in setups and outcomes. Calculated cut-offs in our cohort were in acceptable range from preset levels, however areas under the curves were low, indicating suboptimal biomarkers for the unselected population investigated. For comparable results and possible clinical implementations, future studies need large consecutive series with a reasonable percentage of severe cases. Additionally, novel biomarkers need to be explored.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129458.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Early Conventional MRI for Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 g) infants are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Conventional brain MRI at term-equivalent age is increasingly used for prediction of outcomes. However, optimal prediction models remain to be determined, especially for cognitive outcomes. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim was to evaluate the accuracy of a data-driven MRI scoring system to predict neurodevelopmental impairments. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 122 ELBW infants had a brain MRI performed at term-equivalent age. Conventional MRI findings were scored with a standardized algorithm and tested using a multivariable regression model to predict neurodevelopmental impairment, defined as one or more of the following at 18-24 months' corrected age: cerebral palsy, bilateral blindness, bilateral deafness requiring amplification, and/or cognitive/language delay. Results were compared with a commonly cited scoring system. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In multivariable analyses, only moderate-to-severe gyral maturational delay was a significant predictor of overall neurodevelopmental impairment (OR: 12.6, 95% CI: 2.6, 62.0; p &lt; 0.001). Moderate-to-severe gyral maturational delay also predicted cognitive delay, cognitive delay/death, and neurodevelopmental impairment/death. Diffuse cystic abnormality was a significant predictor of cerebral palsy (OR: 33.6, 95% CI: 4.9, 229.7; p &lt; 0.001). These predictors exhibited high specificity (range: 94-99%) but low sensitivity (30-67%) for the above outcomes. White or gray matter scores, determined using a commonly cited scoring system, did not show significant association with neurodevelopmental impairment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In our cohort, conventional MRI at term-equivalent age exhibited high specificity in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, sensitivity was suboptimal, suggesting additional clinical factors and biomarkers are needed to enable accurate prognostication.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129440
title: Supplementary Material for: CXCR1 Regulates Pulmonary Anti-<b><i>Pseudomonas</i></b> Host Defense

description: <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a key opportunistic pathogen causing disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the pulmonary host defense mechanisms regulating anti-<i>P. aeruginosa</i> immunity remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate, by studying an airway <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection model, in vivo bioluminescence imaging, neutrophil effector responses and human airway samples, that the chemokine receptor CXCR1 regulates pulmonary host defense against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Mechanistically, CXCR1 regulates anti-<i>Pseudomonas</i> neutrophil responses through modulation of reactive oxygen species and interference with Toll-like receptor 5 expression. These studies define CXCR1 as a novel, noncanonical chemokine receptor that regulates pulmonary anti-<i>Pseudomonas</i> host defense with broad implications for CF, COPD and other infectious lung diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129443
title: Supplementary Material for: Update on Female Cancer in Africa: The AORTIC Conference 2015, Morocco

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129455.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Practice of the Treatment of Milk Allergy in the UK: A National Audit

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The management of cow's milk allergy (CMA) includes initial dairy exclusion with suitable dietary substitution, diagnostic challenges where indicated, and supervised re-introduction as the condition resolves. Information on clinician practice is limited. We audited the current practice of clinicians in the UK to evaluate adherence to international guidelines. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An online questionnaire was sent to all clinicians whose practice included children identified on the national allergy society website. One hundred and sixty questionnaires were sent and 116 (73%) responded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Skin prick tests were more commonly used than serum-specific IgE as diagnostic tests. Respective proportions selecting amino acid formulas (AAF) or extensively hydrolysed formulas (EHF) in severe versus mild/moderate presentations were 78 and 40% versus 20 and 88%; soya formula was the first choice in 8.6 and 24%. The criteria for selection of AAF as the first choice were predominantly severe IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated reactions, failure to thrive and if infants refused EHF. Oral challenges might be used to diagnose CMA in 69%, whereas nearly 90% performed challenges to assess tolerance. Most of these were open challenges, more commonly with fresh milk (90%) than baked milk (60%). Home baked milk challenges were frequently considered (70%), although only after consideration of the clinical scenario. Practice did not vary with experience. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Current practice amongst UK clinicians of the management of CMA is broadly in line with current guidance, particularly the positioning of hypoallergenic milks as substitute milk choices. A notable deviation was the use of home baked milk challenges or re-introduction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129437
title: Supplementary Material for: Assessment of Primary Cancer Incidence in Growth Hormone-Treated Children: Comparison of a Multinational Prospective Observational Study with Population Databases

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Although results of the majority of clinical studies have shown no association between growth hormone (GH) treatment in childhood and risk of primary cancer, concerns remain regarding the potential influence of GH therapy on neoplastic cell growth. This study evaluated the incidence of primary malignancies in a large observational study of paediatric GH treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Primary cancer incidence was assessed in a cohort of 19,054 GH-treated children without a reported prestudy history of malignancy in the observational Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study (GeNeSIS). The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for primary cancer in GH-treated children was determined by comparing cancer incidence in the GeNeSIS study population with incidence rates for country-, age-, and sex-matched cohorts of the general population. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During a mean follow-up of 3.4 years in GeNeSIS (64,705 person-years), 13 incident potential primary cancers were identified in GH-treated patients. The SIR (95% confidence interval) for all observed cancers was 1.02 (0.54-1.75), and the crude incidence was 20.1 (10.7-34.4) cases per 100,000 person-years. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Acknowledging the relatively short follow-up in our study, GH-treated children without a history of previous malignancy did not have a higher risk of all-site primary cancer during the study when compared to general-population cancer registries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129443.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Update on Female Cancer in Africa: The AORTIC Conference 2015, Morocco

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129446.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictive Capacity of Biomarkers for Severe Acute Pancreatitis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) substantially improves treatment of patients. A large amount of biomarkers have been studied with this objective. The aim of this work was to study predictive biomarkers using preset cut-off levels in an unselected population of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 232 patients (52.2% males, median age 66 years) with AP admitted to Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, were consecutively enrolled. Blood samples were collected upon admission and clinical data were gathered both prospectively at inclusion and through review of medical notes. Cut-off levels were defined based on the reports of prior studies, and through their results eight biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, procalcitonin and D-dimer) were selected for analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the patients, 83.2% had mild AP and 16.8% had SAP. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher upon admission in the group with SAP. When applying the preset cut-off levels on our material, sensitivity and specificity for prediction of severity were low. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that selected cut-off levels were acceptable, but areas under the curves were inferior compared to other studies. The results did not improve when using the revised Atlanta 2012 classification. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Previous studies on severity prediction of AP are difficult to compare due to large variations in setups and outcomes. Calculated cut-offs in our cohort were in acceptable range from preset levels, however areas under the curves were low, indicating suboptimal biomarkers for the unselected population investigated. For comparable results and possible clinical implementations, future studies need large consecutive series with a reasonable percentage of severe cases. Additionally, novel biomarkers need to be explored.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129425
title: Supplementary Material for: Overexpression of AQP5 Was Detected in Axillary Sweat Glands of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis Patients

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in human axillary sweat glands has never been studied so far. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To detect the expression of AQP5 in axillary sweat glands of patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) relative to control subjects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The morphological characteristics and the number of sweat coils in axillary sweat glands were compared between two groups by using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of AQP5 was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of morphological characteristics and the number of sweat coils in axillary sweat glands. The expressions of AQP5 protein and AQP5 mRNA were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AQP5 is involved in the secretion of human axillary sweat glands. The overexpression of AQP5 in sweat glands is probably one pathogenetic mechanism underlying PFH.