DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5p9
title: Data from: The long-term evolutionary potential of four yeast species and their hybrids in extreme temperature conditions

description: Accelerating climate change and extreme temperatures urge us to better
 understand the potential of populations to tolerate and adapt to thermal
 challenges. Interspecific hybridization can facilitate adaptation to novel
 or extreme environments. However, predicting the long-term fitness effects
 of hybridization remains a major challenge in evolutionary and
 conservation biology. Experimental evolution with microbes provides a
 powerful tool for tracking adaptation across generations and in real time.
 We investigated the thermal adaptation dynamics of four species of budding
 yeast (Saccharomyces) and their interspecific F2 hybrids, for 140
 generations under cold (5°C) and warm (31°C) conditions. We found
 significant variation in the evolutionary potential of species and
 hybrids, strongly determined by their natural temperature tolerance. The
 largest fitness improvements occurred in hybrids, with some populations
 nearly quadrupling in fitness in the cold environment, exceeding both
 parents in thermal adaptive potential. While adaptation rates in some
 hybrid populations were high, their absolute fitness by the end of
 evolution was comparable to that of their parents. Reciprocal
 transplanting of evolved populations from the endpoint of evolution into
 opposite temperatures revealed that hybrids had greater resilience when
 challenged with sudden temperature shifts. Our results highlight that
 hybridization alters the fitness outcomes of long-term adaptation to
 extreme environments and may render populations more resilient to sudden
 environmental change, presenting both opportunities and challenges for
 conservation and sustainable agriculture.
description: # Data from: The long-term evolutionary potential of four yeast species
 and their hybrids in extreme temperature conditions Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5p9](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5p9) ##
 Description of the data and file structure The data was obtained by
 measuring endpoints (OD600) of yeast culture using a BioTek Epoch 2
 Microplate reader. The table contains the fitness of eight Saccharomyces
 parental strains and six hybrid strains (S. cerevisiae XLY011, S.
 cerevisiae Y55, S. paradoxus YPS744, S. paradoxus Q89.8, S. kudriavzevii
 ZP591, S. kudriavzevii FM1110, S. uvarum CBS 7001, S. uvarum JRY9189, Scer
 XLY011 × Spar YPS744, Scer Y55 × Spar Q89.8, Scer XLY011 × Skud ZP591,
 Scer Y55 × Skud FM1110, Scer XLY011 × Suva CBS 7001, Scer Y55 × Suva
 JRY9189). The data represent 10 points during experimental evolution (0,
 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 140 generations) at two temperature
 treatments: cold (5-6 degrees Celsius), and warm (31-32 degrees Celsius).
 Within strains, the data set includes 3 or 4 evolution lines (Biological
 replicas). ### Files and variables #### File:
 Absolute_Fitness_Data_Experimental_evolution.csv **Description:**  #####
 Variables * Cold temperature * \~ Generation * Point * Strain * S.
 cerevisiae XLY011 * S. cerevisiae Y55 * S. paradoxus YPS744 * S. paradoxus
 Q89.8 * S. kudriavzevii ZP591 * S. kudriavzevii FM1110 * S. uvarum CBS
 7001 * S. uvarum JRY9189 * Scer XLY011 Spar YPS744 * Scer Y55 Spar Q89.8 *
 Scer XLY011 Skud ZP591 * Scer Y55 Skud FM1110 * Scer XLY011 Suva CBS 7001
 * Scer Y55 Suva JRY9189 Missing values are described as
 "Null". "Null" values in evolution "line 4 in the
 dataset represent strains in which only 3 evolution lines were obtained.
 Also, "Null" values in an entire generation point represent
 technical problems obtaining the absolute fitness at that evolution point.
 The evolution lines were recovered in the immediate next evolution point,
 and the measure of absolute fitness was carried out with issues.