cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11804475
title: Impacts of land use and cover change on Paraíba do Sul whatershed streamflow using the SWAT model

description: RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos das alterações do uso e cobertura do solo na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul utilizando o modelo SWAT. Foram avaliados dois cenários de uso e cobertura do solo, um referente ao ano de 1986 e outro ao ano de 2015. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo SWAT se ajustou muito bem a bacia, após a calibração e validação. Além disso, observou-se que no cenário de 2015 a vazão de longo período, foi inferior em grande parte da área de estudo, com destaque para as sub-bacias no trecho do rio Paraibuna. Notou-se que as alterações no comportamento da curva de permanência foram mais representativas nas estações do rio Paraibuna e do rio Preto. Que na primeira, devido a diminuição da área de floresta, as condições de seca e de vazões mínimas foram intensificadas. Já na segunda, a disponibilidade hídrica melhorou no cenário de 2015, devido ao aumento da área de floresta. Por fim, os resultados aqui apresentados juntamente com o modelo SWAT calibrado podem servir de auxílio aos gestores de recursos hídricos atuantes na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e para futuros trabalhos que visem avaliar, também, os impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a vazão.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11804475.v1
title: Impacts of land use and cover change on Paraíba do Sul whatershed streamflow using the SWAT model

description: RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos das alterações do uso e cobertura do solo na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul utilizando o modelo SWAT. Foram avaliados dois cenários de uso e cobertura do solo, um referente ao ano de 1986 e outro ao ano de 2015. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo SWAT se ajustou muito bem a bacia, após a calibração e validação. Além disso, observou-se que no cenário de 2015 a vazão de longo período, foi inferior em grande parte da área de estudo, com destaque para as sub-bacias no trecho do rio Paraibuna. Notou-se que as alterações no comportamento da curva de permanência foram mais representativas nas estações do rio Paraibuna e do rio Preto. Que na primeira, devido a diminuição da área de floresta, as condições de seca e de vazões mínimas foram intensificadas. Já na segunda, a disponibilidade hídrica melhorou no cenário de 2015, devido ao aumento da área de floresta. Por fim, os resultados aqui apresentados juntamente com o modelo SWAT calibrado podem servir de auxílio aos gestores de recursos hídricos atuantes na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e para futuros trabalhos que visem avaliar, também, os impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a vazão.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516544
title: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus

description: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by metabolic decompensation often leading to dehydration and ketoacidosis. Viral agents seem to play an important role in triggering the autoimmune destruction that leads to the development of T1DM. Among several viral strains investigated so far, the enterovirus family has been consistently associated with the onset of T1DM in humans. One of the mediators of viral damage is the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) generated during replication and transcription of viral RNA and DNA. The Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene codes for an endoplasmic receptor of the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) family that recognizes dsRNA, plays an important role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection. Binding of dsRNA to the TLR3 triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferons, which exhibit potent antiviral action; thus, protecting uninfected cells and inducing apoptosis of infected ones. Therefore, the TLR3 gene is a good candidate for the development of T1DM. Within this context, the objective of the present review was to address the role of the TLR3 gene in the development of T1DM. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):4-12
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516544.v1
title: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus

description: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by metabolic decompensation often leading to dehydration and ketoacidosis. Viral agents seem to play an important role in triggering the autoimmune destruction that leads to the development of T1DM. Among several viral strains investigated so far, the enterovirus family has been consistently associated with the onset of T1DM in humans. One of the mediators of viral damage is the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) generated during replication and transcription of viral RNA and DNA. The Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene codes for an endoplasmic receptor of the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) family that recognizes dsRNA, plays an important role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection. Binding of dsRNA to the TLR3 triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferons, which exhibit potent antiviral action; thus, protecting uninfected cells and inducing apoptosis of infected ones. Therefore, the TLR3 gene is a good candidate for the development of T1DM. Within this context, the objective of the present review was to address the role of the TLR3 gene in the development of T1DM. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):4-12
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7508756
title: Iodine nutritional status in Brazil: a meta-analysis of all studies performed in the country pinpoints to an insufficient evaluation and heterogeneity

description: Objectives Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the result of an inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which physiological consequences are endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to a analyze studies that assessed the status of Brazil’s population iodine nutrition and IDD prevalence. Materials and methods Systematic review using PRISMA statement. Electronic database: PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs. Quality of studies: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was carried out with R Core Team Statistical Software, version 3.1.0 (2014). The summary measure (WMD) and its confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated. The “Funnel plot” graph assessed publication bias and heterogeneity. Results Seventeen papers were eligible: pregnant women (2), school children (9), adults/elderly (4) and preschool children/infants (2). Geographic distribution: North (1), Northeast (1), Midwest (2), Southeast (13), South (3). Twenty-three thousand two hundred seventy-two subjects were evaluated between 1997 and 2013 and all have use urinary iodine (UI) measurement. However, only 7 studies could be included in meta-analysis, all from Southeast region. The overall prevalence of IDD in school children in southeast region was 15.3% (95% CI, 13-35%), however this data had an important heterogeneity, expressed by the I2 Statistic of 99.5%. Conclusion Only few studies have been performed and enrolled populations from south/southeast region of Brazil. The actual IDD prevalence analysis is complex because it was detected bias due influence of individual studies and very high heterogeneity. IDD might still be high in some areas but this remained unknown even after this meta-analysis evaluation. The generation of a national program for analysis of iodine status in all regions is urgently required. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):13-22
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7508756.v1
title: Iodine nutritional status in Brazil: a meta-analysis of all studies performed in the country pinpoints to an insufficient evaluation and heterogeneity

description: Objectives Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the result of an inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which physiological consequences are endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to a analyze studies that assessed the status of Brazil’s population iodine nutrition and IDD prevalence. Materials and methods Systematic review using PRISMA statement. Electronic database: PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs. Quality of studies: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was carried out with R Core Team Statistical Software, version 3.1.0 (2014). The summary measure (WMD) and its confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated. The “Funnel plot” graph assessed publication bias and heterogeneity. Results Seventeen papers were eligible: pregnant women (2), school children (9), adults/elderly (4) and preschool children/infants (2). Geographic distribution: North (1), Northeast (1), Midwest (2), Southeast (13), South (3). Twenty-three thousand two hundred seventy-two subjects were evaluated between 1997 and 2013 and all have use urinary iodine (UI) measurement. However, only 7 studies could be included in meta-analysis, all from Southeast region. The overall prevalence of IDD in school children in southeast region was 15.3% (95% CI, 13-35%), however this data had an important heterogeneity, expressed by the I2 Statistic of 99.5%. Conclusion Only few studies have been performed and enrolled populations from south/southeast region of Brazil. The actual IDD prevalence analysis is complex because it was detected bias due influence of individual studies and very high heterogeneity. IDD might still be high in some areas but this remained unknown even after this meta-analysis evaluation. The generation of a national program for analysis of iodine status in all regions is urgently required. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):13-22
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511618
title: Risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in HIV/aids-infected adults

description: Objective To investigate risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in adult patients infected with HIV/aids, at a referral hospital in Maceió, Brazil. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study involved 125 patients evaluated from April to September 2013 by means of interviews, review of medical records, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The data were analyzed using the SPSS® software, version 17.0; the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and mean levels of vitamin D were determined. The association between hypovitaminosis D and the independent variables was assessed using the Chi-square or the Fisher’s exact tests; mean vitamin D concentrations were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was set at 5% across tests. Results The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 24%, with a significant association with higher household income (p &lt; 0.05). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with female gender (p &lt; 0.001), no use of sunscreen (p &lt; 0.05), and previous opportunistic infections (p &lt; 0.01). Lower values were associated with the use of antiretroviral medication (p &lt; 0.05), overweight and obesity (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion Lower vitamin D concentrations were significantly associated with well-known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D: use of sunscreen, antiretroviral medication, overweight, and obesity. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in this study, considering values &gt; 20 ng/mL or &gt; 30 ng/mL as vitamin D sufficiency, was lower to that of previous studies with HIV-infected patients, a fact that might be related to the low latitude and high intensity of solar radiation of the location of the present study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511618.v1
title: Risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in HIV/aids-infected adults

description: Objective To investigate risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in adult patients infected with HIV/aids, at a referral hospital in Maceió, Brazil. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study involved 125 patients evaluated from April to September 2013 by means of interviews, review of medical records, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The data were analyzed using the SPSS® software, version 17.0; the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and mean levels of vitamin D were determined. The association between hypovitaminosis D and the independent variables was assessed using the Chi-square or the Fisher’s exact tests; mean vitamin D concentrations were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was set at 5% across tests. Results The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 24%, with a significant association with higher household income (p &lt; 0.05). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with female gender (p &lt; 0.001), no use of sunscreen (p &lt; 0.05), and previous opportunistic infections (p &lt; 0.01). Lower values were associated with the use of antiretroviral medication (p &lt; 0.05), overweight and obesity (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion Lower vitamin D concentrations were significantly associated with well-known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D: use of sunscreen, antiretroviral medication, overweight, and obesity. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in this study, considering values &gt; 20 ng/mL or &gt; 30 ng/mL as vitamin D sufficiency, was lower to that of previous studies with HIV-infected patients, a fact that might be related to the low latitude and high intensity of solar radiation of the location of the present study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512494
title: Sleep and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

description: Objective Our aim in the present study was to elucidate how type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and sleep parameters interact, which was rarely evaluated up to the moment. Materials and methods Eighteen T1DM subjects without chronic complications, and 9 control subjects, matched for age and BMI, were studied. The following instruments used to evaluate sleep: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, sleep diaries, actimeters, and polysomnography in a Sleep Lab. Glycemic control in T1DM individuals was evaluated through: A1C, home fingertip glucometer for 10 days (concomitant with the sleep diary and actimeter), and CGM or concomitant with continuous glucose monitoring (during the polysomnography night). Results Comparing with the control group, individuals with diabetes presented more pronounced sleep extension from weekdays to weekends than control subjects (p = 0.0303). Among T1DM, glycemic variability (SD) was positively correlated with sleep latency (r = 0.6525, p = 0.0033); full awakening index and arousal index were positively correlated with A1C (r = 0.6544, p = 0.0081; and r = 0.5680, p = 0.0272, respectively); and mean glycemia values were negatively correlated with sleep quality in T1DM individuals with better glycemic control (mean glycemia &lt; 154 mg/dL). Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis of an interaction between sleep parameters and T1DM, where the glycemic control plays an important role. More studies are needed to unveil the mechanisms behind this interaction, which may allow, in the future, clinicians and educators to consider sleep in the effort of regulating glycemic control. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):71-8
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512494.v1
title: Sleep and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

description: Objective Our aim in the present study was to elucidate how type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and sleep parameters interact, which was rarely evaluated up to the moment. Materials and methods Eighteen T1DM subjects without chronic complications, and 9 control subjects, matched for age and BMI, were studied. The following instruments used to evaluate sleep: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, sleep diaries, actimeters, and polysomnography in a Sleep Lab. Glycemic control in T1DM individuals was evaluated through: A1C, home fingertip glucometer for 10 days (concomitant with the sleep diary and actimeter), and CGM or concomitant with continuous glucose monitoring (during the polysomnography night). Results Comparing with the control group, individuals with diabetes presented more pronounced sleep extension from weekdays to weekends than control subjects (p = 0.0303). Among T1DM, glycemic variability (SD) was positively correlated with sleep latency (r = 0.6525, p = 0.0033); full awakening index and arousal index were positively correlated with A1C (r = 0.6544, p = 0.0081; and r = 0.5680, p = 0.0272, respectively); and mean glycemia values were negatively correlated with sleep quality in T1DM individuals with better glycemic control (mean glycemia &lt; 154 mg/dL). Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis of an interaction between sleep parameters and T1DM, where the glycemic control plays an important role. More studies are needed to unveil the mechanisms behind this interaction, which may allow, in the future, clinicians and educators to consider sleep in the effort of regulating glycemic control. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):71-8
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507574
title: Puberty in a sample of Brazilian schoolgirls: timing and anthropometric characteristics

description: Objective The objective of this study was to determine the age at which puberty begins, age of menarche and anthropometric data of the participants at different stages of puberty. Subjects and methods This is a cross-sectional study in which we evaluated 665 girls, a sample representing the female schoolchildren population in Uberaba. Results We found that thelarche, pubarche, underarm hair and menarche were attained at the age of 9.8 ± 1.4, 10.2 ± 1.4, 10.5 ± 1.5 and 11.7 ± 1.3 years, respectively. The mean interval between thelarche and menarche (ITM) was 1.7 ± 1.3 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31.3% and 95% of the participants began at thelarche between the age of 7 and 12 years. Conclusion These values indicate a secular tendency to the decrease of the age of menarche and an earlier start of puberty. It is very important to understand these parameters to establish public policies aimed at plans to prevent these early events, especially regarding control of the prevalence of obesity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507574.v1
title: Puberty in a sample of Brazilian schoolgirls: timing and anthropometric characteristics

description: Objective The objective of this study was to determine the age at which puberty begins, age of menarche and anthropometric data of the participants at different stages of puberty. Subjects and methods This is a cross-sectional study in which we evaluated 665 girls, a sample representing the female schoolchildren population in Uberaba. Results We found that thelarche, pubarche, underarm hair and menarche were attained at the age of 9.8 ± 1.4, 10.2 ± 1.4, 10.5 ± 1.5 and 11.7 ± 1.3 years, respectively. The mean interval between thelarche and menarche (ITM) was 1.7 ± 1.3 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31.3% and 95% of the participants began at thelarche between the age of 7 and 12 years. Conclusion These values indicate a secular tendency to the decrease of the age of menarche and an earlier start of puberty. It is very important to understand these parameters to establish public policies aimed at plans to prevent these early events, especially regarding control of the prevalence of obesity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513313
title: Digital vertebral morphometry performed by DXA: a valuable opportunity for identifying fractures during bone mass assessment

description: Objectives To evaluate the usefulness of vertebral morphometry in identifying unreferred vertebral fractures and correlate potential risk factors. Subjects and methods Female patients above 45 years, postmenopausal for at least 2 years, diagnosed with osteoporosis and undergoing treatment for at least three months were considered eligible. All of them underwent bone densitometry and vertebral morphometry performed by concomitant DXA. The presence of fractures was defined between T7 and L4; only moderate and severe fractures were considered for analysis. All volunteers were submitted to laboratory tests, anthropometry and responded a questionnaire on their lifestyle habits and medical history. Results Thirty two (17%) out of the 188 female patients presented with at least one vertebral fracture, among whom only 4 (12.5%) were previously aware of the fracture. The fractures were mainly located on the thoracic spine. Nine patients had severe fractures (28.1%), whereas 23 had moderate fractures (71.9%). On average, patients with fractures were 5 years older and weighed 5 kilograms less than those without fractures. The creatinine clearance was on average 9 mL/min less in patients with vertebral fracture. The assessment of vertebral fractures by morphometry is a fast, accurate and complementary method associated with low radiation exposure for identifying moderate and severe vertebral fractures. Predisposition to vertebral fractures does not depend solely on BMD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7513313.v1
title: Digital vertebral morphometry performed by DXA: a valuable opportunity for identifying fractures during bone mass assessment

description: Objectives To evaluate the usefulness of vertebral morphometry in identifying unreferred vertebral fractures and correlate potential risk factors. Subjects and methods Female patients above 45 years, postmenopausal for at least 2 years, diagnosed with osteoporosis and undergoing treatment for at least three months were considered eligible. All of them underwent bone densitometry and vertebral morphometry performed by concomitant DXA. The presence of fractures was defined between T7 and L4; only moderate and severe fractures were considered for analysis. All volunteers were submitted to laboratory tests, anthropometry and responded a questionnaire on their lifestyle habits and medical history. Results Thirty two (17%) out of the 188 female patients presented with at least one vertebral fracture, among whom only 4 (12.5%) were previously aware of the fracture. The fractures were mainly located on the thoracic spine. Nine patients had severe fractures (28.1%), whereas 23 had moderate fractures (71.9%). On average, patients with fractures were 5 years older and weighed 5 kilograms less than those without fractures. The creatinine clearance was on average 9 mL/min less in patients with vertebral fracture. The assessment of vertebral fractures by morphometry is a fast, accurate and complementary method associated with low radiation exposure for identifying moderate and severe vertebral fractures. Predisposition to vertebral fractures does not depend solely on BMD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7515590
title: Association between antiretrovirals and thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study

description: Objective This study aims to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and anti-TPO status. We searched for an association among presence of immune reconstitution and use of stavudine, didanosine and protease inhibitors with thyroid diseases. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the records of 117 HIV-infected patients who had their CD4+ cell count, viral load, anti-TPO, TSH and free T4 levels collected on the same day. Immune reconstitution was considered in those whose T CD4+ count was below 200 cells/mm3, but these values increased above 200 cells/mm3 after the use of antiretrovirals. The odds ratio obtained by a 2x2 contingency table and a chi-square test were used to measure the association between categorical variables. Results The prevalence of thyroid disease was 34.18%; of these, 4.34% were positive for anti-TPO. There was an association of risk between stavudine use and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.29 to 13.59, X2 = 6.37, p = 0.01). Immune reconstitution achieved protection associated with thyroid disease that was near statistical significance OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.04, X2 = 3.55, p = 0.059. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid disease in the sample studied was higher than what had been found in the literature, with a low positive anti-TPO frequency. The historical use of stavudine has an association of risk for the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism, and immune reconstitution has trends towards protection for the presence of thyroid diseases.