cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507580
title: Tridimensional Computational Modelling of a Low-drop Spillway

description: ABSTRACT Usually spillways are controls of their discharge, which features are well known. However, the number of low-drop spillways grows each day. In this kind of spillway, the crest loses a great deal of its discharge capability, as it happened on HPP Belo Monte´s spillway. It´s shape had to be altered and the final solution, a non-conventional one, was only found after long studies carried out in a physical model with the goal of achieving the required discharge capability. The difficulties encountered led to the question whether a mathematical model could help optimize the path to the solution, since there are only few information regarding the validation of such tools. Therefore, this article searched to evaluate the capability of a mathematical modeling tool, FLOW 3D®, in properly reproducing the characteristics of the complex flow through such spillways. To fulfill this goal, a case-study was done with HPP Belo Monte´s spillway on which gate controlled operation was also analyzed. Discharge capacity, flow line and pressure distribution from both models were compared. The results of the free-flow simulations indicated a good representation of the flow by the mathematical model. But bigger differences in discharge capability for the gate-controlled simulations were found, mainly regarding small openings. The comparisons of pressure distribution showed a very good similarity between the models. The results indicate that the mathematical model is able to satisfactorily reproduce both types of flows since appropriate measures are taken regarding mesh quality to ensure the convergence of the simulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507580.v1
title: Tridimensional Computational Modelling of a Low-drop Spillway

description: ABSTRACT Usually spillways are controls of their discharge, which features are well known. However, the number of low-drop spillways grows each day. In this kind of spillway, the crest loses a great deal of its discharge capability, as it happened on HPP Belo Monte´s spillway. It´s shape had to be altered and the final solution, a non-conventional one, was only found after long studies carried out in a physical model with the goal of achieving the required discharge capability. The difficulties encountered led to the question whether a mathematical model could help optimize the path to the solution, since there are only few information regarding the validation of such tools. Therefore, this article searched to evaluate the capability of a mathematical modeling tool, FLOW 3D®, in properly reproducing the characteristics of the complex flow through such spillways. To fulfill this goal, a case-study was done with HPP Belo Monte´s spillway on which gate controlled operation was also analyzed. Discharge capacity, flow line and pressure distribution from both models were compared. The results of the free-flow simulations indicated a good representation of the flow by the mathematical model. But bigger differences in discharge capability for the gate-controlled simulations were found, mainly regarding small openings. The comparisons of pressure distribution showed a very good similarity between the models. The results indicate that the mathematical model is able to satisfactorily reproduce both types of flows since appropriate measures are taken regarding mesh quality to ensure the convergence of the simulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518641
title: PLASTIC COVERING, PLANTING DENSITY, AND PRUNNING IN THE PRODUCTION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY ( Physalis peruviana L.) IN SUBTROPICAL REGION

description: ABSTRACT: Physalis peruviana L. is a perennial plant, but commonly referred as annual in commercial crops. The cultivation of this species might be successful in Brazilian subtropical areas with an adequate and planned management. The objective of the present study was to quantify the production of Physalis peruviana L. with or without plastic covering over plant canopies, using two planting densities, managing the number of stems, and pruning side stems. This study was divided in two experiments; the first experiment evaluated the effect of spacing between each plant and the use of plastic covering in fruit production. The second experiment investigated the effect of the number of productive stems and of pruning in fruit production. The experimental design used for both experiments was randomized blocks, in 2 x 2 factorial scheme, which contained 6 blocks and 10 plants per plot. The following were analyzed for both experiments: production variables, estimated production, number of fruits per plant, mean fruit mass, mean fruit length and diameter, and chlorophyll relative index. Plastic covering and number of stems did not influence fruit production. The 3.0 x 0.5 m spacing without pruning side stems provided a larger production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518641.v1
title: PLASTIC COVERING, PLANTING DENSITY, AND PRUNNING IN THE PRODUCTION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY ( Physalis peruviana L.) IN SUBTROPICAL REGION

description: ABSTRACT: Physalis peruviana L. is a perennial plant, but commonly referred as annual in commercial crops. The cultivation of this species might be successful in Brazilian subtropical areas with an adequate and planned management. The objective of the present study was to quantify the production of Physalis peruviana L. with or without plastic covering over plant canopies, using two planting densities, managing the number of stems, and pruning side stems. This study was divided in two experiments; the first experiment evaluated the effect of spacing between each plant and the use of plastic covering in fruit production. The second experiment investigated the effect of the number of productive stems and of pruning in fruit production. The experimental design used for both experiments was randomized blocks, in 2 x 2 factorial scheme, which contained 6 blocks and 10 plants per plot. The following were analyzed for both experiments: production variables, estimated production, number of fruits per plant, mean fruit mass, mean fruit length and diameter, and chlorophyll relative index. Plastic covering and number of stems did not influence fruit production. The 3.0 x 0.5 m spacing without pruning side stems provided a larger production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11314397
title: Dietary patterns and factors associated in teachers of a private institution of higher education

description: Abstract Background Dietary pattern adopted by individuals seems to be related to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and anthropometric parameters, and it may also reflect their health outcomes. Objective To identify dietary patterns and verify the associated factors among higher education teachers. Method Cross-sectional study with teachers from a South Brazil higher education private institution was carried out. It was evaluated the food consumption by a Food Consumption Markers Form and were collected sociodemographic, food, behavioral and anthropometric data. Factorial analysis of major components was performed to identify dietary patterns, and chi-square test and Poisson Regression to verify the association between exposure and outcome. Results Four dietary patterns described the food consumption of the 250 individuals, being two considered healthy (healthy and protein), constituted by health protector foods, and two (Western and snack), classified as mixed and of health risk, because it present both healthy food as those markers of an unhealthy eating, with predominance of the last. Teachers with characteristics of healthy life style showed larger adherence to healthy and protein patterns, and inverse relation with the Western. Those with greater actuation at the health area courses had larger adherence to protein pattern. Conclusion The large adherence of those with positive health aspects to healthy dietary patterns and their inverse relation to the Western pattern, they are probably related to the socioeconomic and demographic profile, characteristic of the population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719192
title: Future electoral impacts of having a female mayor

description: We explore an electoral quasi-experiment where a woman nearly won or lost to a man in a mayoral election. Our data combines municipal Brazilian election results, which occur every four years, with municipal level votes for female and male candidates in state and federal deputy elections, whose districts are larger than the municipalities. Our results show that when voters are exposed to a female leader, the relative number of votes given to female candidates increases. This result depends on the political environment in which the exposure occurs. These effects on the electorate's response tend to be stronger: 01. in municipalities where there is a previous higher proportion of female councilors, and 02. when the mayors have higher education levels. Our results provide evidence that the observed electorate's gender preferences in politics are alterable, but that policy interventions aimed to equalize access will be more effective if they are targeted at underrepresented populations that have the correct skill requirements to perform in leadership positions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719192.v1
title: Future electoral impacts of having a female mayor

description: We explore an electoral quasi-experiment where a woman nearly won or lost to a man in a mayoral election. Our data combines municipal Brazilian election results, which occur every four years, with municipal level votes for female and male candidates in state and federal deputy elections, whose districts are larger than the municipalities. Our results show that when voters are exposed to a female leader, the relative number of votes given to female candidates increases. This result depends on the political environment in which the exposure occurs. These effects on the electorate's response tend to be stronger: 01. in municipalities where there is a previous higher proportion of female councilors, and 02. when the mayors have higher education levels. Our results provide evidence that the observed electorate's gender preferences in politics are alterable, but that policy interventions aimed to equalize access will be more effective if they are targeted at underrepresented populations that have the correct skill requirements to perform in leadership positions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719180
title: Taxonomy of interstate conflicts: is South America a peaceful region?

description: This article revisits theoretical efforts to classify interstate conflicts. It analyses South America and discuss the adequacy of influential interpretations about the intensity of interstate conflicts in the region as compared to global or other regions ones. The literature takes for granted that South America is a peaceful region. Such interpretation results from the indicators adopted. We argue that traditional indicators do not fully capture latent tensions and the actual level of conflicts in the region. The article suggests an alternative taxonomy that better fits the South America context and argues that a research agenda on the extent and nature of interstate conflics is needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719180.v1
title: Taxonomy of interstate conflicts: is South America a peaceful region?

description: This article revisits theoretical efforts to classify interstate conflicts. It analyses South America and discuss the adequacy of influential interpretations about the intensity of interstate conflicts in the region as compared to global or other regions ones. The literature takes for granted that South America is a peaceful region. Such interpretation results from the indicators adopted. We argue that traditional indicators do not fully capture latent tensions and the actual level of conflicts in the region. The article suggests an alternative taxonomy that better fits the South America context and argues that a research agenda on the extent and nature of interstate conflics is needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512383
title: EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED IN CASSAVA PRE-EMERGENCE

description: ABSTRACT The interference imposed by weeds can cause damages to cassava development. Thus, adopting control measures is fundamental. The use of pre-emergence herbicides is one of the control alternatives, since cassava presents a good tolerance to herbicides applied in this modality. However, herbicides may present differential selectivity due to the variety of cassava that is planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate both weed control effectiveness and selectivity of different herbicide combinations applied at pre-emergence of two cassava varieties. Two experiments were established in the field using a randomized complete block design, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. In the efficacy experiment, application of six combinations of herbicides, including clomazone + ametryn, clomazone + metribuzin, clomazone + flumioxazin, isoxaflutole + ametryn, isoxaflutole + metribuzin, isoxaflutole + flumioxazin were evaluated in the main plot. In addition, a non-treated control and a weeded control were evaluated. In the subplots, the Caravela and Pretinha varieties were planted. For the selectivity experiment, a non-treated control was not included. The combinations containing clomazone presented a longer residual period of weed control as well as a better control of benghal dayflower. Metribuzin exhibited lower efficacy than other herbicide combinations containing clomazone or isoxaflutole. The Pretinha variety showed greater tolerance to weed interference. Every herbicide combination that was applied in cassava pre-emergence presented selectivity for both Caravela and Pretinha varieties.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11314397.v1
title: Dietary patterns and factors associated in teachers of a private institution of higher education

description: Abstract Background Dietary pattern adopted by individuals seems to be related to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and anthropometric parameters, and it may also reflect their health outcomes. Objective To identify dietary patterns and verify the associated factors among higher education teachers. Method Cross-sectional study with teachers from a South Brazil higher education private institution was carried out. It was evaluated the food consumption by a Food Consumption Markers Form and were collected sociodemographic, food, behavioral and anthropometric data. Factorial analysis of major components was performed to identify dietary patterns, and chi-square test and Poisson Regression to verify the association between exposure and outcome. Results Four dietary patterns described the food consumption of the 250 individuals, being two considered healthy (healthy and protein), constituted by health protector foods, and two (Western and snack), classified as mixed and of health risk, because it present both healthy food as those markers of an unhealthy eating, with predominance of the last. Teachers with characteristics of healthy life style showed larger adherence to healthy and protein patterns, and inverse relation with the Western. Those with greater actuation at the health area courses had larger adherence to protein pattern. Conclusion The large adherence of those with positive health aspects to healthy dietary patterns and their inverse relation to the Western pattern, they are probably related to the socioeconomic and demographic profile, characteristic of the population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512383.v1
title: EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED IN CASSAVA PRE-EMERGENCE

description: ABSTRACT The interference imposed by weeds can cause damages to cassava development. Thus, adopting control measures is fundamental. The use of pre-emergence herbicides is one of the control alternatives, since cassava presents a good tolerance to herbicides applied in this modality. However, herbicides may present differential selectivity due to the variety of cassava that is planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate both weed control effectiveness and selectivity of different herbicide combinations applied at pre-emergence of two cassava varieties. Two experiments were established in the field using a randomized complete block design, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. In the efficacy experiment, application of six combinations of herbicides, including clomazone + ametryn, clomazone + metribuzin, clomazone + flumioxazin, isoxaflutole + ametryn, isoxaflutole + metribuzin, isoxaflutole + flumioxazin were evaluated in the main plot. In addition, a non-treated control and a weeded control were evaluated. In the subplots, the Caravela and Pretinha varieties were planted. For the selectivity experiment, a non-treated control was not included. The combinations containing clomazone presented a longer residual period of weed control as well as a better control of benghal dayflower. Metribuzin exhibited lower efficacy than other herbicide combinations containing clomazone or isoxaflutole. The Pretinha variety showed greater tolerance to weed interference. Every herbicide combination that was applied in cassava pre-emergence presented selectivity for both Caravela and Pretinha varieties.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719225.v1
title: Coalition Presidentialism in Bicameral Congresses: How does the Control of a Bicameral Majority Affect Coalition Survival?

description: Presidential legislative majorities under bicameral congresses have seldom been considered in the literature on coalition cabinets. However, this combination is far from being an isolated or irrelevant topic. Bicameral congresses comprise a double round of negotiation for the executive, increasing the shadow of the unexpected. Indeed, controlling one of the two chambers may not be sufficient for a president to guarantee the approval of policies. In this case, what if a government does not control both houses? How are coalition cabinets affected by the non-control of one or both chambers? I will focus analysis on the 25 cases of coalition cabinets in Latin America since the return of democracy and present a bicameral framework. Through mvQCA, I find that, contrary to common belief, the controlling of a bicameral majority is neither necessary nor sufficient to ensure stable coalitions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516076
title: Risk of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis in diabetic patients is related to lower pre-dialysis glycemia

description: Objective To compare the occurrence of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease diabetic patients who present different levels of pre-dialysis glycemia both when using dialysis solutions with and without glucose. Subjects and methods Twenty type 2 diabetic patients in maintenance hemodialysis were submitted to three dialysis sessions (at a 7-day interval each) with dialysis solutions without glucose, with glucose at 55 mg/dL, and at 90 mg/dL subsequently. Blood glucose levels were measured immediately pre-dialysis and at 4 moments during the session, and values under 70 mg/dL were considered as hypoglycemia. Results Average pre-dialysis glycemia was lower in those who presented intra-dialytic hypoglycemia than in those who did not, both in glucose-free (140.4 ± 50.7 vs. 277.7 ± 91.0 mg/dL; p = 0.005; 95%CI: 46.4 to 228.1) and in glucose 55 mg/dL (89.5 ± 10.6 vs. 229.7 ± 105.0 mg/dL; p &lt; 0.05; 95%CI: 9.8 to 270.5). In patients with pre-dialysis glycemia under 140 mg/dL, average intradialytic glycemia was significantly lower than pre-dialysis glycemia only when using glucose-free dialysate (p &lt; 0.0001; 95%CI: 29.9 to 56.0 - t-test). Hypoglycemia during dialysis was observed only when using glucose-free or glucose-poor dialysis solutions. Conclusions The use of glucose-free or glucose-poor dialysis solution presents a high risk of intradialytic hypoglycemia in diabetic renal patients, especially in those with presumed better glycemic control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516076.v1
title: Risk of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis in diabetic patients is related to lower pre-dialysis glycemia

description: Objective To compare the occurrence of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease diabetic patients who present different levels of pre-dialysis glycemia both when using dialysis solutions with and without glucose. Subjects and methods Twenty type 2 diabetic patients in maintenance hemodialysis were submitted to three dialysis sessions (at a 7-day interval each) with dialysis solutions without glucose, with glucose at 55 mg/dL, and at 90 mg/dL subsequently. Blood glucose levels were measured immediately pre-dialysis and at 4 moments during the session, and values under 70 mg/dL were considered as hypoglycemia. Results Average pre-dialysis glycemia was lower in those who presented intra-dialytic hypoglycemia than in those who did not, both in glucose-free (140.4 ± 50.7 vs. 277.7 ± 91.0 mg/dL; p = 0.005; 95%CI: 46.4 to 228.1) and in glucose 55 mg/dL (89.5 ± 10.6 vs. 229.7 ± 105.0 mg/dL; p &lt; 0.05; 95%CI: 9.8 to 270.5). In patients with pre-dialysis glycemia under 140 mg/dL, average intradialytic glycemia was significantly lower than pre-dialysis glycemia only when using glucose-free dialysate (p &lt; 0.0001; 95%CI: 29.9 to 56.0 - t-test). Hypoglycemia during dialysis was observed only when using glucose-free or glucose-poor dialysis solutions. Conclusions The use of glucose-free or glucose-poor dialysis solution presents a high risk of intradialytic hypoglycemia in diabetic renal patients, especially in those with presumed better glycemic control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517369.v1
title: Forestry Clean Development Mechanism and the Heveicuture in the State of Acre, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to generate economic information on rubber tree (Hevea spp.) plantations included in the carbon market under the clean development mechanism (CDM), deployed in the state of Acre, Brazil. To this end, considering data from local heveiculture projects, Net Present Value (NPV), Land Expectation Value (LEV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were quantified for theses reforestations. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that reforestation with rubber trees for carbon sequestration under Forestry CDM may be feasible in the state of Acre, thus strengthening the forest-based economy of the region, provided that the income generated from these plantations is not reduced by more than 20% compared with the average value obtained at the time of this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5719225
title: Coalition Presidentialism in Bicameral Congresses: How does the Control of a Bicameral Majority Affect Coalition Survival?

description: Presidential legislative majorities under bicameral congresses have seldom been considered in the literature on coalition cabinets. However, this combination is far from being an isolated or irrelevant topic. Bicameral congresses comprise a double round of negotiation for the executive, increasing the shadow of the unexpected. Indeed, controlling one of the two chambers may not be sufficient for a president to guarantee the approval of policies. In this case, what if a government does not control both houses? How are coalition cabinets affected by the non-control of one or both chambers? I will focus analysis on the 25 cases of coalition cabinets in Latin America since the return of democracy and present a bicameral framework. Through mvQCA, I find that, contrary to common belief, the controlling of a bicameral majority is neither necessary nor sufficient to ensure stable coalitions.