cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m01vj
title: Data from: Do avian cooperative breeders live longer?

description: Cooperative breeding is not common in birds but intriguingly
 over-represented in several families, suggesting that predisposing
 factors, similar ecological constraints or a combination of the two
 facilitate the evolution of this breeding strategy. The life-history
 hypothesis proposes that cooperative breeding is facilitated by high
 annual survival, which increases the local population and leads to a
 shortage of breeding opportunities. Clutch size in cooperative breeders is
 also expected to be smaller. An earlier comparative analysis in a small
 sample of birds supported the hypothesis but this conclusion has been
 controversial. Here, I extend the analysis to a larger, worldwide sample
 and take into account potential confounding factors that may affect
 estimates of a slow pace of life and clutch size. In a sample of 81
 species pairs consisting of closely related cooperative and
 non-cooperative breeders, I did not find an association between maximum
 longevity and cooperative breeding, controlling for diet, body mass and
 sampling effort. However, in a smaller sample of 37 pairs, adult annual
 survival was indeed higher in the cooperative breeders, controlling for
 body mass. There was no association between clutch size and cooperative
 breeding in a sample of 93 pairs. The results support the facilitating
 effect of high annual survival on the evolution of cooperative breeding in
 birds but the effect on clutch size remains elusive.
description: appendixDemographic and ecological traits for cooperative breeders and their matched non-cooperative counterparts
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ewizyy
title: WorldFish generated Question & Answer pairs for training AgriLLM development for Aquatic food systems

description: This Excel file populates a total of 117 Question and Answers (Q&A) pairs to train the Agriculture Large Language Model (AgriLLM) development for Aquatic food systems. It was a compilation of responses collected from WorldFish staff across different departments.
description: Type: Dataset; Sub-type(s): Other (Question and answer pairs to train AI model)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6qv8666
title: Data from: Phylogeography of Aegean green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup): continental hybrid swarm vs. insular diversification with discovery of a new island endemic

description: Background: Debated aspects in speciation research concern the amount of
 gene flow between incipient species under secondary contact and the modes
 by which post-zygotic isolation accumulates. Secondary contact zones of
 allopatric lineages, involving varying levels of divergence, provide
 natural settings for comparative studies, for which the Aegean (Eastern
 Mediterranean) geography offers unique scenarios. In Palearctic green
 toads (Bufo viridis subgroup or Bufotes), Plio-Pleistocene (~2.6 Mya)
 diverged species show a sharp transition without contemporary gene flow,
 while younger lineages, diverged in the Lower-Pleistocene (~1.9 Mya),
 admix over tens of kilometers. Here, we conducted a fine-scale multilocus
 phylogeographic analysis of continental and insular green toads from the
 Aegean, where a third pair of taxa, involving Mid-Pleistocene diverged
 (~1.5 Mya) mitochondrial lineages, earlier tentatively named viridis and
 variabilis, (co-)occurs. Results: We discovered a new lineage, endemic to
 Naxos (Central Cyclades), while coastal islands and Crete feature weak
 genetic differentiation from the continent. In continental Greece, both
 lineages, viridis and variabilis, form a hybrid swarm, involving massive
 mitochondrial and nuclear admixture over hundreds of kilometers, without
 obvious selection against hybrids. Conclusions: The genetic signatures of
 insular Aegean toads appear governed by bathymetry and Quaternary sea
 level changes, resulting in long-term isolation (Central Cyclades: Naxos)
 and recent land-bridges (coastal islands). Conversely, Crete has been
 isolated since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (5.3 My) and
 Cretan populations thus likely result from human-mediated colonization, at
 least since Antiquity, from Peloponnese and Anatolia. Comparisons of green
 toad hybrid zones support the idea that post-zygotic hybrid
 incompatibilities accumulate gradually over the genome. In this radiation,
 only one million years of divergence separate a scenario of complete
 reproductive isolation, from a secondary contact resulting in near
 panmixia.
description: BufoGreeceMicrosatelliteDataMtDNAHaplotypes_DufresnesEtAl2018Contains locality number, sample ID, mtDNA haplotype group (lineage), alpha-tropomyosin genotype, and alleles of seven microsatellites (Excel-table).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8f13v
title: Data from: Climate and the landscape of fear in an African savanna

description: 1.Herbivores frequently have to make tradeoffs between two basic needs:
 the need to acquire forage and the need to avoid predation. One
 manifestation of this tradeoff is the “landscape of fear” phenomenon –
 wherein herbivores avoid areas of high perceived predation risk even if
 forage is abundant or of high quality in those areas. Although this
 phenomenon is well-established among invertebrates, its applicability to
 terrestrial large herbivores remains debated, in part because experimental
 evidence is scarce. 2.This study was designed to (a) experimentally test
 the effects of tree density – a key landscape feature associated with
 predation risk for African ungulates – on herbivore habitat use, and (b)
 establish whether habitat use patterns could be explained by tradeoffs
 between foraging opportunities and predation risk-avoidance. 3.In a Kenyan
 savanna system, replicate plots dominated by the tree Acacia drepanolobium
 were cleared, thinned, or left intact. Ungulate responses were measured
 over four years, which included years of moderate rainfall as well as a
 severe drought. 4.Under average rainfall conditions, most herbivores
 (primarily plains zebra, Grant's gazelle, and hartebeest) favored
 sites with fewer trees and higher visibility – regardless of grass
 production – while elephants (too large to be vulnerable to predation)
 favored sites with many trees. During the drought, however, herbivores
 favored sites that had high grass biomass, but not high visibility. Thus,
 during the drought, herbivores sought areas where food was more abundant,
 despite probable higher risk of predation. 5.These results illustrate that
 the “landscape of fear”, and the associated interactions between top-down
 and bottom-up effects, is not static, but rather shifts markedly under
 different conditions. Climate thus has the potential to alter the strength
 and spatial dynamics of behaviorally-mediated cascades in large herbivore
 systems.
description: All_Data_Density_ExptExcel file containing data on herbivore use (dung counts, camera trap data), grass production, grass composition and nutrients, and visibility in a replicated manipulation of tree density.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d359556
title: Data from: Strong hybrid male incompatibilities impede the spread of a selfish chromosome between populations of a fly

description: Meiotically driving sex chromosomes manipulate gametogenesis to increase
 their transmission at a cost to the rest of the genome. The intragenomic
 conflicts they produce have major impacts on the ecology and evolution of
 their host species. However their ecological dynamics remain poorly
 understood. Simple population genetic models predict meiotic drivers will
 rapidly reach fixation in populations and spread across landscapes. In
 contrast, natural populations commonly show spatial variation in the
 frequency of drivers, with drive present in clines or mosaics across
 species ranges. For example, Drosophila subobscura harbours a Sex Ratio
 distorting drive chromosome (“SRs”) at 15-25% frequency in North Africa,
 present at less than 2% frequency in adjacent Southern Spain and absent in
 other European populations. Here, we investigate the forces preventing the
 spread of the driver northward. We show that SRs has remained at a
 constant frequency in North Africa, and failed to spread in Spain. We find
 strong evidence that spread is impeded by genetic incompatibility between
 SRs and Spanish autosomal backgrounds. When we cross SRs from North Africa
 onto Spanish genetic backgrounds we observe strong incompatibilities
 specific to hybrids bearing SRs. The incompatibilities increase in
 severity in F2 male hybrids, leading to almost complete infertility. We
 find no evidence supporting an alternative hypothesis, that there is
 resistance to drive in Spanish populations. We conclude that the source of
 the stepped frequency variation is genetic incompatibility between the SRs
 chromosome and the genetic backgrounds of the adjacent population,
 preventing SRs spreading northward. The low frequency of SRs in South
 Spain is consistent with recurrent gene flow across the Strait of
 Gibraltar combined with selection against the SRs element through genetic
 incompatibility. This demonstrates that incompatibilities between drive
 chromosomes and naïve populations can prevent the spread of drive between
 populations, at a continental scale.
description: Verspoor et al 2018
 Evolution Letters All DataThis file contains all
 the data used in the MS. The first worksheet contains background
 information, the second defines column headings. Sheets 3-6 are the data
 files. Each datafile has a description of the figures/analysis it was used
 in, and a brief description of the experiment.DRYAD Verspoor et al
 2018.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5415m
title: Data from: Geographical and intrapopulation variation in the diet of a threatened marine predator, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea)

description: Diet variation can occur in geographically structured populations due to
 variation in prey availability. Within locations, diet may vary due to
 effects of season, sex, age, and individual. Nevertheless, these sources
 of variation are seldom considered together in dietary studies. Major
 efforts are underway to investigate population and ecological traits of
 marine organisms to set guidelines for conservation and management.
 Examining diet variation is a major concern when developing conservation
 guidelines for threatened species, especially for marine predators whose
 prey availability can be reduced by commercial fisheries. We analyzed diet
 variation at the geographical and intrapopulation levels for detecting
 stocks of the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) within São
 Paulo State coast. We analyzed samples of stomach contents of individuals
 incidentally caught by artisanal fisheries. We investigated the
 geographical (Northern, Central, and Southern regions of São Paulo State
 coast, Brazil) and intrapopulation effects of season, sex, and age. We
 used the leave-one-out cross validation method to test for significance of
 the proportional similarity index, which measures the overlap between diet
 compositions. We found diet variation in the franciscana dolphin across
 different levels, from the geographical to the individual level, including
 the effects of season, sex, and age. Diet variation as a function of age
 suggests an ontogenetic diet shift for the species. Our findings indicate
 that ecological processes within local stocks must drive management
 actions at local geographic scales. Evidence for ecological differences
 between franciscana stocks is of great significance for the conservation
 of this threatened species.
description: Franciscana dolphin
 dietSamples of franciscana
 dolphins (n = 58) incidentally caught by artisanal gillnet fisheries from
 the Northern (n = 11, municipalities of Ubatuba, Ilhabela, Caraguatatuba,
 and São Sebastião), Central (n = 40, municipalities of Bertioga, Guarujá,
 Santos, São Vicente, Praia Grande, Mongaguá, Itanhaém, and Peruíbe), and
 Southern regions (n = 7, Iguape, Ilha Comprida and Cananéia) of the São
 Paulo State coast in Brazil. Franciscana dolphins were classified into
 juveniles (n = 8), subadults (n = 18) or adults (n = 32) according to
 total length. For females (n = 34), juveniles were &lt; 90 cm, subadults
 were &gt; 90 cm and &lt; 119 cm, and adults were &gt; 119 cm. For males (n
 = 24), juveniles were &lt; 90 cm, subadults were &gt; 90 cm and &lt; 107
 cm, and adults were &gt; 107 cm. The detailed distribution of specimens of
 franciscana dolphin bycaught according to region, season, sex, and age is
 shown in the table.dados.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s6b7n
title: Data from: Persistent low toxoplasma IgG avidity is common in pregnancy: experience from antenatal testing in Norway

description: The parasite Toxoplasma gondii might harm the fetus if a woman is infected
 during pregnancy. IgG seroconversion and significant increase in IgG
 antibody amount in pregnancy indicates maternal infection. Presence of
 toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and low IgG
 avidity in a single serum sample indicates possible maternal infection,
 but positive toxoplasma IgM and low IgG avidity may persist for months and
 even years. We aimed to evaluate avidity development during pregnancy in a
 retrospective study. Serial blood samples from 176 pregnant women admitted
 to Oslo University Hospital 1993–2013 for amniocentesis because of
 suspected toxoplasma infection were included. Data were obtained from
 journals and laboratory records. The avidity method used was based on
 Platelia Toxo IgG assay. Mean maternal age at first serology was 29.9
 years (SD 5.2, range 18–42). In 37 (21%) women only the avidity increased
 from low to high in &lt; 3 months. In 139 (79%) the IgG avidity
 remained below the high threshold ≥ 3 months and within this group 74
 (42%) women had stable low IgG avidity during the observation period.
 Median gestational age at first test was 10.6 weeks (range 4.6–28.7).
 Fetal infection was detected in four children, but none among children
 whose mother had stable low IgG avidity. The first antenatal toxoplasma
 serology should ideally be collected in early pregnancy and if stable
 values of toxoplasma IgM and low IgG-avidity are detected in a second
 sample after three to four weeks, the need for amniocentesis can be
 questioned.
description: toxoplasma avidity in
 pregancySPSS datafile With data
 on toxoplasma IgG avidity Development during the pregnancy of 176
 Norwegian women the last 20 yearsamniohovedbase.maternelle.dryad.kopi_23.09.15.sav
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c43f1
title: Data from: The maintenance of sperm variability: context-dependent selection on sperm morphology in a broadcast spawning invertebrate

description: Why are sperm so variable despite having a singular, critical function and
 an intimate relationship with fitness? A key to understanding the
 evolution of sperm morphology is identifying which traits enable sperm to
 be successful fertilizers. Several sperm traits (e.g. tail length, overall
 size) are implicated in sperm performance, but the benefits of these
 traits are likely to be highly context-dependent. Here, we examined
 phenotypic selection on sperm morphology of a broadcast spawning tube worm
 (Galeolaria gemineoa). We conducted laboratory experiments to measure the
 relationship between average sperm morphology and relative fertilization
 success across a range of sperm environments that were designed to
 approximate the range of sperm concentrations and ages encountered by eggs
 in nature. We found that the strength and form of multivariate selection
 varied substantially across our environmental gradients. Sperm with long
 tails and small heads were favored in high-concentration environments,
 whereas sperm with long heads were favored at low concentrations and old
 ages. We suggest variation in the local fertilization environment and
 resulting differences in selection can preserve variability in sperm
 morphology both within and among males.
description: Galeo.sperm.characteristicsMeasurements of sperm morphological traits, including replicate measures for multiple malesGaleolaria.fertilization.successEstimates of fertilization success across a range of sperm concentrations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mb804
title: Data from: Geometric control of ciliated band regulatory states in the sea urchin embryo

description: The trapezoidal ciliated band (CB) of the postgastrular sea urchin embryo
 surrounds the oral ectoderm, separating it from adjacent embryonic
 territories. Once differentiated, the CB is composed of densely arranged
 cells bearing long cilia that endow the larva with locomotion and feeding
 capability. The spatial pattern from which the CB will arise is first
 evidenced during pregastrular stages by expression of the pioneer gene
 onecut. Immediately after gastrulation, the CB consists of four separate
 regulatory state domains, each of which express a unique set of
 transcription factors. These are: (1) The oral apical CB, located within
 the apical neurogenic field; (2) The animal lateral CB, which bilaterally
 separates the oral from aboral ectoderm; (3) The vegetal lateral CB, which
 bilaterally serves as signaling centers; and (4) The vegetal oral CB,
 which delineates the boundary with the underlying endoderm. Remarkably,
 almost all of the regulatory genes specifically expressed within these
 domains are down-regulated by interference with Soxb1 expression, implying
 activation by this factor in common. In this work we show how the
 boundaries of the CB subdomains are established, and thus ascertain the
 design principle by which the geometry of this unique and complex
 regulatory state pattern is genomically controlled. Each of these
 boundaries, on either side of the CB, is defined by spatially confined
 transcriptional repressors, the products of regulatory genes operating
 across the border of each subdomain. In total, this requires deployment of
 about ten different repressors, which we identify in this work, thus
 exemplifying the high informational requirement of spatial regulatory
 organization during embryogenesis.
description: Codeset
 InfoNanostring perturbation
 dataEDU6_C393-1.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4599c5
title: Data from: Seed traits are pleiotropically regulated by the flowering time gene PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1) in the perennial Arabis alpina

description: The life cycles of plants are characterized by two major life history
 transitions—germination and the initiation of flowering—the timing of
 which are important determinants of fitness. Unlike annuals, which make
 the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase only once,
 perennials iterate reproduction in successive years. The floral repressor
 PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), an orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C, in the
 alpine perennial Arabis alpina ensures the continuation of vegetative
 growth after flowering and thereby restricts the duration of the flowering
 episode. We performed greenhouse and garden experiments to compare
 flowering phenology, fecundity, and seed traits between A. alpina
 accessions that have a functional PEP1 allele and flower seasonally and
 pep1 mutants and accessions that carry lesions in PEP1 and flower
 perpetually. In the garden, perpetual genotypes flower asynchronously and
 show higher winter mortality than seasonal ones. PEP1 also pleiotropically
 regulates seed dormancy and longevity. Seeds from perpetual genotypes have
 shallow dormancy and reduced longevity regardless of whether they
 afterripened in plants grown in the greenhouse or in the experimental
 garden. These results suggest that perpetual genotypes have higher
 mortality during winter, but compensate by showing higher seedling
 establishment. Differences in seed traits between seasonal and perpetual
 genotypes are also coupled with differences in hormone sensitivity and
 expression of genes involved in hormonal pathways. Our study highlights
 the existence of pleiotropic regulation of seed traits by hub
 developmental regulators such as PEP1, suggesting that seed and flowering
 traits in perennial plants might be optimized in a coordinated fashion.
description: Hughes et al 2018 ME
 DataThis file contains
 flowering data, germination test results, CDT results, and relative gene
 expression data for Hughes et al 2018.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3539q70r
title: Data from: The relationship between larval size and fitness in the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus: bigger is better?

description: In complex life cycle organisms, fitness often increases with body size at
 the transition from larva to adult. The translation of larval size into
 fitness, however, can depend on the source of size variation, with size,
 per se, not always increasing adult success. In parasitic worms, many
 factors influence larval growth, but little is known about the
 consequences of this growth variation. We examined how the size of the
 tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in its copepod first intermediate host
 affects infection success and growth in the stickleback second host.
 Moreover, we assessed whether the conspicuous growth variation caused by
 copepod size is fitness-relevant. Using larvae of the same age, we found
 that larger worms had a substantially higher infection probability and
 they tended to still be slightly larger after several months of growth in
 fish. However, big larvae from bigger copepods did not have higher
 fitness, suggesting that being large relative to the host, but not
 necessarily large in general, is important. These findings clarify some
 aspects of the life history strategy of S. solidus (e.g. why there is a
 flat ontogenetic reaction norm across copepod stages), but also raise
 questions (e.g. why growth costs have been hard to document). More
 generally, our results indicate that larval size can correlate with
 fitness in helminths, but that not all size variation is predictive of
 success in the next host.
description: Benesh_etal_proc_fitness_dryad
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18382178
title: Glacier Boundary and Ice Thickness Dataset (2023) for Southern Spitsbergen Derived Using the ICEBED Tool

description: This dataset provides glacier boundary and ice thickness information at 30 m spatial resolution for the year 2023, covering 242 glaciers located in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard.Glacier boundaries were manually delineated for 2023 using pan-sharpened Landsat OLI imagery, employing multiple false-color composite combinations to enhance glacier identification. The outlines were further cross-validated using the Google Earth platform. The glacier inventory used for delineation is explicitly referenced, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. This approach ensures that the glacier boundaries are representative of conditions in 2023 and are contemporaneous with the elevation data used for ice-thickness estimation.Out of the 242 glaciers, ice thickness was estimated for 132 glaciers, for which suitable 2023 DEM coverage was available. Ice thickness estimation was performed using the ICEBED (ICe volumE and Bedtopography Estimation from DEM) tool, which implements the shear-stress-based GlabTop2_IITB model.The ice thickness dataset was generated using time-consistent inputs to minimize temporal mismatches between glacier outlines, elevation data, and the modeling framework—an issue that commonly affects earlier large-scale glacier thickness assessments. The ICEBED tool utilizes 2023 ArcticDEM Strip data at 30 m spatial resolution, together with glacier masks and surface slope, to derive spatially distributed ice thickness fields.Glacier-specific shape factors were computed following the established method of Ramsankaran et al. (2018), and the final ice thickness estimates were selected based on the closest match to the calculated glacier-specific shape factor.The resulting dataset provides spatially detailed glacier thickness and volume information for southern Spitsbergen in 2023. It is suitable for a wide range of applications, including glacier volume estimation, cryospheric change analysis, glaciological and hydrological modelling, sea-level rise assessment, and glacier-related hazard studies.