cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07518.v1
title: ICPSR Instructional Subset: American Public Opinion and United States Foreign Policy, 1975
title: Version 1

description: This study contains data on the attitudes of the American 
 public toward American foreign policy in 1975. The study derives 
 from surveys on the attitudes of the American public and national 
 leaders toward foreign policy conducted by Louis Harris and Associates, 
 commissioned by the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations in November 
 1974. ICPSR provides instructional subsets based on both the public 
 and the leadership surveys. See the related collection, ICPSR 
 INSTRUCTIONAL SUBSET: AMERICAN LEADERSHIP OPINION AND UNITED STATES 
 FOREIGN POLICY, 1975 (ICPSR 7519). This public survey used a stratified 
 systematic national sample of 1,513 Americans aged 18 years and older. 
 The leadership sample included 329 individuals in positions that made 
 them likely to have influence upon and knowledge of foreign relations. 
 Leaders were drawn in roughly equal proportions from among those in 
 responsible positions in politics, government, business, communications, 
 and education. Somewhat fewer respondents were interviewed from the 
 fields of labor, religion, and voluntary and ethnic organizations. 
 In general, the questions in both surveys examined attitudes in a number 
 of related areas, including the role and extent of United States' 
 involvement in world affairs, the amount of domestic support for such 
 involvement, and the relationship between domestic and foreign 
 policies. The initial 71 variables in each subset reflect identical 
 substantive questions asked of both populations, so that public 
 and leadership attitudes on the same questions can be easily 
 compared. These questions queried respondents on topics such as the 
 value and effectiveness of United States' economic and military aid 
 and its effect on the American economy and national security, prevention 
 of the spread of communism, and improvement of American foreign 
 relations. Also asked were questions on the role of the United States 
 in world affairs, its status compared to the previous ten years, 
 its world military involvement, and lessons learned from the 
 Vietnam War. Respondents were also asked to rate the president and 
 Congress on foreign policy formulation achievements and to specify 
 the appropriate responses to a number of possible future world 
 developments. Demographic items specify age, race, sex, education, 
 occupation, income, political orientation, religion, and region 
of the country.
description: A stratified systematic national sample of 1,513 Americans 
aged 18 years and older in 1975.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: ICPSR Instructional Subset: American Public Opinion and United States Foreign Policy, 1975
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07518
title: ICPSR Instructional Subset: American Public Opinion and United States Foreign Policy, 1975
title: Archival Version

description: This study contains data on the attitudes of the American 
 public toward American foreign policy in 1975. The study derives 
 from surveys on the attitudes of the American public and national 
 leaders toward foreign policy conducted by Louis Harris and Associates, 
 commissioned by the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations in November 
 1974. ICPSR provides instructional subsets based on both the public 
 and the leadership surveys. See the related collection, ICPSR 
 INSTRUCTIONAL SUBSET: AMERICAN LEADERSHIP OPINION AND UNITED STATES 
 FOREIGN POLICY, 1975 (ICPSR 7519). This public survey used a stratified 
 systematic national sample of 1,513 Americans aged 18 years and older. 
 The leadership sample included 329 individuals in positions that made 
 them likely to have influence upon and knowledge of foreign relations. 
 Leaders were drawn in roughly equal proportions from among those in 
 responsible positions in politics, government, business, communications, 
 and education. Somewhat fewer respondents were interviewed from the 
 fields of labor, religion, and voluntary and ethnic organizations. 
 In general, the questions in both surveys examined attitudes in a number 
 of related areas, including the role and extent of United States' 
 involvement in world affairs, the amount of domestic support for such 
 involvement, and the relationship between domestic and foreign 
 policies. The initial 71 variables in each subset reflect identical 
 substantive questions asked of both populations, so that public 
 and leadership attitudes on the same questions can be easily 
 compared. These questions queried respondents on topics such as the 
 value and effectiveness of United States' economic and military aid 
 and its effect on the American economy and national security, prevention 
 of the spread of communism, and improvement of American foreign 
 relations. Also asked were questions on the role of the United States 
 in world affairs, its status compared to the previous ten years, 
 its world military involvement, and lessons learned from the 
 Vietnam War. Respondents were also asked to rate the president and 
 Congress on foreign policy formulation achievements and to specify 
 the appropriate responses to a number of possible future world 
 developments. Demographic items specify age, race, sex, education, 
 occupation, income, political orientation, religion, and region 
of the country.
description: A stratified systematic national sample of 1,513 Americans 
aged 18 years and older in 1975.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: ICPSR Instructional Subset: American Public Opinion and United States Foreign Policy, 1975
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07036.v1
title: Stratification and Mobility in a Latin American City: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1960
title: Version 1

description: This study surveyed two separate samples of Buenos Aires
residents in 1960. Respondents in Sample A (Part 1), drawn from
household members, were asked to provide details about their
employment and information about their foreign background and arrival
in Argentina if they were immigrants. The respondents' native
language, their familiarity with it, and their feelings toward their
native country were also assessed. Family heads, included in Sample B
(Part 2), along with the questions asked of Sample A respondents, also
answered questions about their leisure activities, their outlook on
life, and attitudes toward people. Several variables traced the
respondents' occupational patterns beginning at age 21 and continuing
through the time of the interview. The respondents' fathers' and
grandfathers' occupations were also ascertained. Derived measures
evaluate the respondents' own occupational mobility as well as
occupational change from one generation of their family to the
next. Demographic information covers the respondents' age, gender,
marital status, level of education, and income.
description: Two separate samples were drawn from the population of
 Buenos Aires, Argentina: Sample A, consisting of household members,
and Sample B, which included heads of households only.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Sample A
DS2: Sample B
description: Population of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07036
title: Stratification and Mobility in a Latin American City: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1960
title: Archival Version

description: This study surveyed two separate samples of Buenos Aires
residents in 1960. Respondents in Sample A (Part 1), drawn from
household members, were asked to provide details about their
employment and information about their foreign background and arrival
in Argentina if they were immigrants. The respondents' native
language, their familiarity with it, and their feelings toward their
native country were also assessed. Family heads, included in Sample B
(Part 2), along with the questions asked of Sample A respondents, also
answered questions about their leisure activities, their outlook on
life, and attitudes toward people. Several variables traced the
respondents' occupational patterns beginning at age 21 and continuing
through the time of the interview. The respondents' fathers' and
grandfathers' occupations were also ascertained. Derived measures
evaluate the respondents' own occupational mobility as well as
occupational change from one generation of their family to the
next. Demographic information covers the respondents' age, gender,
marital status, level of education, and income.
description: Two separate samples were drawn from the population of
 Buenos Aires, Argentina: Sample A, consisting of household members,
and Sample B, which included heads of households only.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Sample A
DS2: Sample B
description: Population of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
DOI: 10.7294/29374511
title: Complexity Scaling Laws - Model Evaluation for 2D and Higher-dimensional TSP

description: Datasets required to run model evaluations.Recent work on neural scaling laws demonstrates that model performance scales predictably with compute budget, model size, and dataset size. In this work, we develop scaling laws based on problem complexity. We analyze two fundamental complexity measures: solution space size and representation space size. Using the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) as a case study, we show that combinatorial optimization promotes smooth cost trends, and therefore meaningful scaling laws can be obtained even in the absence of an interpretable loss. We then show that suboptimality grows predictably for fixed-size models when scaling the number of TSP nodes or spatial dimensions, independent of whether the model was trained with reinforcement learning or supervised fine-tuning on a static dataset. We conclude with an analogy to problem complexity scaling in local search, showing that a much simpler gradient descent of the cost landscape produces similar trends.
DOI: 10.7294/29374511.v1
title: Complexity Scaling Laws - Model Evaluation for 2D and Higher-dimensional TSP

description: Datasets required to run model evaluations.Recent work on neural scaling laws demonstrates that model performance scales predictably with compute budget, model size, and dataset size. In this work, we develop scaling laws based on problem complexity. We analyze two fundamental complexity measures: solution space size and representation space size. Using the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) as a case study, we show that combinatorial optimization promotes smooth cost trends, and therefore meaningful scaling laws can be obtained even in the absence of an interpretable loss. We then show that suboptimality grows predictably for fixed-size models when scaling the number of TSP nodes or spatial dimensions, independent of whether the model was trained with reinforcement learning or supervised fine-tuning on a static dataset. We conclude with an analogy to problem complexity scaling in local search, showing that a much simpler gradient descent of the cost landscape produces similar trends.
DOI: 10.5066/p9sjj8dx
title: Data for leaf photosynthesis and net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and CH4 from wetland forest, marsh, and mudflats under simulated ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (2013-2014)

description: This study evaluated the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and CH4 from experimental wetland mesocosms established in elevated CO2 and ambient CO2 glasshouses at the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s Wetland and Aquatic Research Center (Lafayette, Louisiana). The study duration was approximately two years, and these data represent measured and calculated data from four time points, which the investigators associate with season.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07255.v3
title: Negro Political Participation Study, 1961-1962
title: Version 3

description: This study was designed to investigate patterns of
political participation among adult Blacks in the South. All
interviews were taken in the former confederate states: Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. Along with a Black
adults sample (Part 2), a sample of White adults (Part 3) was included
as a control group for comparison and a sample of Black students (Part
1) was interviewed with an aim to projecting trends in participation
patterns. Variables ascertained voting behavior, political discussion,
degree of political organizational activity, participation in
demonstrations, and communication with public officials as modes of
political participation. Respondents' views on Black leadership,
effectiveness of Black organizations, attitudes of White leaders and
officials, the effect of electoral laws on Black participation,
perceptions of the major parties, party identification, and feelings
on race relations were also assessed. The questions asked of both
adult samples are identical, and the data may be used for comparative
purposes. Demographic data include age, sex, level of education,
primary and secondary occupations, religious preference, and family
income.
description: Part 1: Representative cross-section sample of Black
 college students. Parts 2 and 3: Stratified, multistage, probability
samples of Black and White adults.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Students
DS2: Negro Adults
DS3: White Adults
description: Black and White adult populations and Black college
students from the 11 states of the former Confederacy.
description: The Variable.Count of 458 was incorrect in the
previous metadata record. The correct Variable.Count is 538.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07362.v1
title: Survey of Botswana Political Participation, 1970: Mass Sample
title: Version 1

description: This study is part of a larger investigation that focused
 on political awareness and participation in Botswana. Three separate
 surveys were conducted, with an elite sample (SURVEY OF BOTSWANA
 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, 1970: ELITE SAMPLE [ICPSR 7350]), a sample of
 the adult population (the present study), and a sample of secondary
 school students (SURVEY OF BOTSWANA POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, 1970:
 SECONDARY SCHOOL SAMPLE [ICPSR 7351]). The questionnaire elicited
 views on the structure of local and national decision-making processes
 and the relationship between traditional (tribal) and modern (elected)
 loci of power. Variables assessed respondents' perceptions of the
 power structure, their participation in local politics and other
 decision-making processes, their political knowledge, and views of
 community cohesion. Demographic data include sex, age, religion, level
 of education, tribal affiliation, intra-tribal class, media usage,
travel experience, and source of livelihood.
description: A representative sample of the adult population was
 selected by a stratified area probability method, designed to fill
 quotas of demographic characteristics such as geographic location,
tribal affiliation, and means of livelihood.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Survey of Botswana Political Participation, 1970: Mass Sample
description: Population of Botswana, aged 20 and older.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07362
title: Survey of Botswana Political Participation, 1970: Mass Sample
title: Archival Version

description: This study is part of a larger investigation that focused
 on political awareness and participation in Botswana. Three separate
 surveys were conducted, with an elite sample (SURVEY OF BOTSWANA
 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, 1970: ELITE SAMPLE [ICPSR 7350]), a sample of
 the adult population (the present study), and a sample of secondary
 school students (SURVEY OF BOTSWANA POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, 1970:
 SECONDARY SCHOOL SAMPLE [ICPSR 7351]). The questionnaire elicited
 views on the structure of local and national decision-making processes
 and the relationship between traditional (tribal) and modern (elected)
 loci of power. Variables assessed respondents' perceptions of the
 power structure, their participation in local politics and other
 decision-making processes, their political knowledge, and views of
 community cohesion. Demographic data include sex, age, religion, level
 of education, tribal affiliation, intra-tribal class, media usage,
travel experience, and source of livelihood.
description: A representative sample of the adult population was
 selected by a stratified area probability method, designed to fill
 quotas of demographic characteristics such as geographic location,
tribal affiliation, and means of livelihood.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Survey of Botswana Political Participation, 1970: Mass Sample
description: Population of Botswana, aged 20 and older.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pv7crq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1420664 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Continent is Africa",
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year 1997-2020"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1420664 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0071845-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07204.v1
title: Erie County Study, 1940
title: Version 1

description: This data collection contains information on changes in 
 voting intentions and attitudes among voters in Erie County, Ohio, 
 in 1940. The investigators were most interested in studying the 
 dynamics of the formation, change, and development of public opinion 
 and political attitudes. Special efforts were made to follow the 
 changes in voting intentions and to gather data on the possible 
 intervening factors in the attitudinal change process. Data are 
 provided on respondents' perceptions of the social and ideological 
 differences between the parties, their participation in the campaign, 
 political information gathering and networks, use of the news media, 
 voting intentions, and choice of presidential candidates. Other items
 provide information on the role of personal relationships and social 
 groups, the political and voting history of the respondents and their 
 family, personality measures, issue opinions, the influence of 
 family and friends, the news media, and political rallies in 
 respondents' political opinion-formation and change. Additional items 
 probe respondents' views of the United States' sale of ammunition to 
 nations at war, Roosevelt and Willkie as presidential candidates, 
 passage of the conscription bill, the news media, and the 1940 election. 
 Demographic items specify age, place of birth, sex, marital status, 
 occupation, education, religion, club and labor union membership, 
and nationality.
description: The data were collected from among four groups of
 approximately 600 persons each, originally selected by a random
 stratified sample of Erie County, Ohio. Of the four groups, three were
 reinterviewed only once. The fourth group of 600 respondents formed the
 core of the panel sample and were interviewed monthly from May to
November 1940.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: 1: Panel 1
DS2: 2: Panels 2 and 3
DS3: 3: Panels 4 and 5
DS4: 4: Panels 6 and 7
DS5: 5: Poll Deck
DS6: 6: Deck A
DS7: 7: Deck B
DS8: 8: Deck C
description: Voters in Erie County, Ohio in 1940.
description: The Erie County Study, 1940 (ICPSR 7204) data are
 written in IBM column-binary format. The data are multiply-punched on
 eight decks and are stored in EBCDIC. The file should be designated a
binary file when used on a non-EBCDIC system.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07067.v1
title: Psychological Constructs of International Images: A Japanese Community Study, 1963
title: Version 1

description: This study was conducted during the summer of 1963 in
 Yoshikawa-machi, Japan, with members of the general population and
 community leaders. Respondents' interest in the local community and
 degree of participation in local affairs were explored, as well as
 their involvement in community political life. The respondents were
 asked to react to certain world leaders and their respective countries
 -- Japan, United States, Russia, and Communist China -- and to
 abstract ideas such as peace and war by rating them on a series of
 descriptive scales. Another major portion of the study ascertained
 respondents' self-evaluations, sociability, personal ideological
 orientations, and political efficacy. The study comprises a number of
 demographic variables, including sex, age, marital status, education,
income, and occupation.
description: The total sample for this study included a random sample
 of registered voters representing the general population (287
respondents), and a group of community leaders (28 respondents).
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Psychological Constructs of International Images: A Japanese Community Study, 1963
description: General population and community leaders of
Yoshikawa-machi, Japan.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.f8xmbj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1635 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Salix herbacea L.",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-8.00174339329464 54.1998526673513, 0.202120938926891 54.1998526673513, 0.202120938926891 61.2628565887411, -8.00174339329464 61.2628565887411, -8.00174339329464 54.1998526673513))",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is 0,101",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1635 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0071847-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr07067
title: Psychological Constructs of International Images: A Japanese Community Study, 1963
title: Archival Version

description: This study was conducted during the summer of 1963 in
 Yoshikawa-machi, Japan, with members of the general population and
 community leaders. Respondents' interest in the local community and
 degree of participation in local affairs were explored, as well as
 their involvement in community political life. The respondents were
 asked to react to certain world leaders and their respective countries
 -- Japan, United States, Russia, and Communist China -- and to
 abstract ideas such as peace and war by rating them on a series of
 descriptive scales. Another major portion of the study ascertained
 respondents' self-evaluations, sociability, personal ideological
 orientations, and political efficacy. The study comprises a number of
 demographic variables, including sex, age, marital status, education,
income, and occupation.
description: The total sample for this study included a random sample
 of registered voters representing the general population (287
respondents), and a group of community leaders (28 respondents).
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Psychological Constructs of International Images: A Japanese Community Study, 1963
description: General population and community leaders of
Yoshikawa-machi, Japan.
DOI: 10.3886/icpsr06776.v1
title: Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior, September 1992
title: Version 1

description: This monthly survey series was undertaken to measure changes
 in consumer attitudes and expectations, to explain why such changes occur, and
 to evaluate how these changes relate to consumer decisions to save, borrow, or
 make discretionary purchases. This type of information is also used for
 forecasting changes in aggregate consumer behavior.
 Each monthly survey probes a different aspect of consumer
 confidence. Open-ended questions are asked concerning evaluations and
 expectations about personal finances, employment, price changes, and
 the national business situation. Additional questions probe buying
 intentions for automobiles and the respondent's appraisals of present
 market conditions for purchasing houses, automobiles, and other
 durables. Demographic information includes ethnic origin, sex, age,
and education.
description: National sample of dwelling units selected by area
probability sampling.
description: Datasets: 
DS1: Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior, September 1992
description: Population of the United States aged 18 and older in
households.