DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2s9
title: Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon

description: The environment gametes perform in just before fertilisation is
 increasingly recognised to affect offspring fitness, yet the contributions
 of male and female gametes and their adaptive significance remain largely
 unexplored. Here, we investigated gametic thermal plasticity and its
 effects on hatching success and embryo performance in Atlantic salmon
 (Salmo salar). Eggs and sperm were incubated overnight at 2°C or 8°C,
 temperatures within the optimal thermal range of this species. Crosses
 between warm- and cold-incubated gametes were compared using a
 fully-factorial design, with half of each clutch reared in cold
 temperatures and the other in warm temperatures. This allowed
 disentangling single-sex interaction effects when pre-fertilisation
 temperature of gametes mismatched embryonic conditions. Pre-fertilisation
 temperature influenced the age at hatch, and matching sperm and embryo
 temperatures resulted in earlier hatching. Warm incubation benefited eggs
 but harmed sperm, reducing the hatching success and, overall, gametic
 thermal plasticity did not enhance offspring fitness, indicating
 vulnerability to thermal changes. We highlight the sensitivity of male
 gametes to higher temperatures, and that gamete acclimation may not
 effectively buffer against deleterious effects of thermal fluctuations.
 From an applied angle, we propose the differential storage of male and
 female gametes as a tool to enhance sustainability within the hatcheries.
description: # Data set associated to the research article 'Pre-fertilisation
 gamete thermal environment influences offspring fitness, unmasking
 opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon #All the material has
 been deposited on the DRYAD repository for replicability, transparency and
 for future research purposes. #List of necessary files:
 Thermal\_switch\_R\_NEWtime01.xlsx Thermal\_switch\_R\_single\_MAY.xlsx
 Thermalfrypertotmean\_1.xlsx Thermalsingle.xlsx Thermalsingle1.xlsx
 Thermalsinglefin.xlsx #files containing the collected parameters and
 variables used in the models. Data are repeated among
 Thermal\_switch\_R\_NEWtime01.xlsx, Thermal\_switch\_R\_single\_MAY.xlsx,
 Thermalsingle.xlsx Thermalsingle1.xlsx and Thermalsinglefin.xlsx, however
 they are re-arranged differently for specific graphical or output
 purposes. The file Thermalfrypertotmean\_1.xlsx is an output file where
 specific variables have been summarised for graph input and base stats.
 R\_script\_Gamete\_responses\_Grazianoetal.txt #(R-script to run all the
 analyses by using the above mentioned datasets
 R\_script\_Gamete\_responses\_Grazianoetal\_revised.txt #(R-script to run
 all the analyses by using the above mentioned datasets (after
 revisions\_graphs updated). Glossary of variables: TRAY: Tray number in
 which each sub replicated groups belonging to a specific Family were
 raised. TREATMENT: Temperature treatment of 2 C or 8 C to which either
 eggs, sperm or embryos were exposed (e.g. WWW means that both egg
 prefertilisation temperature, sperm prefertilisation temperature and
 embryo developmental temperature were set to 8 C. TOTFRY: Total amount of
 fry hatched FRYD: number of fry per day EGGCOUNT: number of starting egg
 number MALE: unique #ID for male FEMALE: unique #ID for female
 TPFtimepoint: reference timepoints every 12 hrs FAMILY: Unique Family #ID
 EGG: temperature treatment for eggs SPERM: temperature treatment for sperm
 DEV: temperature treatment for embryonic development FRYPOP: Proportion of
 fry hatched per day FRYPERTOT: Proportion of fry hatched in total TPF:
 Time post-fertilisation in days Csum: cumulative sum DEVELOPMENTALT:
 developmental temperature (warm or cold) MALFNOEYE: number of malformed
 embryos DEADONHATCH: number of embryos dead on hatch EYEDDEAD: number of
 embryos dead after reaching the eyed stage MALFNOEYEPROP: proportion of
 malformed embryos EYEDDEADPROP:proportion of embryo dead after reaching
 the eyed stage DEADONHATCHPROP: proportion of embryo dead after reaching
 the eyed stage FRYTOTPROP: proportion of eggs that successfully hatched
 DDAY: time port-fertilisation expressed in degree days