cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.71.6
title: Monitoring changes in landscape structure in Finnish agricultural landscapes, 1990 - 2010

description: The data originates from the national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS, see Kuussaari et al. 2004b, 2008). Changes in landscape structure have been monitored in a total of 58 one km2 squares originally selected using stratified random and situated in four geographical regions in Finland starting from the year 1990 (see Kuussaari et al. 2004a). Since then the landscape structure data for each study area has been updated in 2000, 2005 and 2010. The key habitat types the coverage of which has been monitored in the 58 landscapes include arable field, forest, field margin and semi-natural grassland. The methods have been described in the following publications: Kivinen, S., Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Luoto, M., Helenius, J. & Härjämäki, K. 2008. Maatalousmaiseman rakenteen muutokset ja niiden merkitys lajiston monimuotoisuudelle. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J. & Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS loppuraportti 2000–2006. (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000–2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 112-127. Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J. & Luoto, M. 2004a. Farmland biodiversity indicators and monitoring in Finland. In: Groom, G. (Ed.). Developments in Strategic Landscape Monitoring for the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. ANP 705: 28-40. Kuussaari, M., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J., Hietala-Koivu, R., Heliölä, J., 2004b. Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000-2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: results of the MYTVAS project 2000–2003, in Finnish). Finnish Environenment 709. 212 p. Luoto, M., Ikävalko, J., Kivinen, S. & Kuussaari, M. 2004. Maatalousmaiseman rakenne ja sen merkitys lajiston monimuotoisuudelle. In: M. Kuussaari, J. Tiainen, J. Helenius, R. Hietala-Koivu & J. Heliölä (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000-2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: results of the MYTVAS project 2000–2003, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 709: 110-127. Additional publications using the landscape structure data of this project include: Ekroos, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2011. Landscape context affects the relationship between local and landscape species richness of butterflies in semi-natural habitats. Ecography, in press. Ekroos, J., Heliölä, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2010. Homogenization of lepidopteran communities in intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:459-467. Kivinen, S., Luoto, M., Kuussaari, M. & Helenius, J. 2006. Multi-species richness of boreal agricultural landscapes: effects of climate, habitat, soil and geographical location. Journal of Biogeography 33: 862-875.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.71.7
title: Monitoring changes in landscape structure in Finnish agricultural landscapes, 1990 - 2010

description: The data originates from the national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS, see Kuussaari et al. 2004b, 2008). Changes in landscape structure have been monitored in a total of 58 one km2 squares originally selected using stratified random and situated in four geographical regions in Finland starting from the year 1990 (see Kuussaari et al. 2004a). Since then the landscape structure data for each study area has been updated in 2000, 2005 and 2010. The key habitat types the coverage of which has been monitored in the 58 landscapes include arable field, forest, field margin and semi-natural grassland. The methods have been described in the following publications: Kivinen, S., Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Luoto, M., Helenius, J. & Härjämäki, K. 2008. Maatalousmaiseman rakenteen muutokset ja niiden merkitys lajiston monimuotoisuudelle. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J. & Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS loppuraportti 2000–2006. (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000–2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 112-127. Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J. & Luoto, M. 2004a. Farmland biodiversity indicators and monitoring in Finland. In: Groom, G. (Ed.). Developments in Strategic Landscape Monitoring for the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. ANP 705: 28-40. Kuussaari, M., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J., Hietala-Koivu, R., Heliölä, J., 2004b. Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000-2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: results of the MYTVAS project 2000–2003, in Finnish). Finnish Environenment 709. 212 p. Luoto, M., Ikävalko, J., Kivinen, S. & Kuussaari, M. 2004. Maatalousmaiseman rakenne ja sen merkitys lajiston monimuotoisuudelle. In: M. Kuussaari, J. Tiainen, J. Helenius, R. Hietala-Koivu & J. Heliölä (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000-2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: results of the MYTVAS project 2000–2003, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 709: 110-127. Additional publications using the landscape structure data of this project include: Ekroos, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2011. Landscape context affects the relationship between local and landscape species richness of butterflies in semi-natural habitats. Ecography, in press. Ekroos, J., Heliölä, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2010. Homogenization of lepidopteran communities in intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:459-467. Kivinen, S., Luoto, M., Kuussaari, M. & Helenius, J. 2006. Multi-species richness of boreal agricultural landscapes: effects of climate, habitat, soil and geographical location. Journal of Biogeography 33: 862-875.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.71.8
title: Monitoring changes in landscape structure in Finnish agricultural landscapes, 1990 - 2010

description: The data originates from the national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS, see Kuussaari et al. 2004b, 2008). Changes in landscape structure have been monitored in a total of 58 one km2 squares originally selected using stratified random and situated in four geographical regions in Finland starting from the year 1990 (see Kuussaari et al. 2004a). Since then the landscape structure data for each study area has been updated in 2000, 2005 and 2010. The key habitat types the coverage of which has been monitored in the 58 landscapes include arable field, forest, field margin and semi-natural grassland. The methods have been described in the following publications: Kivinen, S., Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Luoto, M., Helenius, J. & Härjämäki, K. 2008. Maatalousmaiseman rakenteen muutokset ja niiden merkitys lajiston monimuotoisuudelle. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J. & Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS loppuraportti 2000–2006. (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000–2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 112-127. Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J. & Luoto, M. 2004a. Farmland biodiversity indicators and monitoring in Finland. In: Groom, G. (Ed.). Developments in Strategic Landscape Monitoring for the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. ANP 705: 28-40. Kuussaari, M., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J., Hietala-Koivu, R., Heliölä, J., 2004b. Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000-2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: results of the MYTVAS project 2000–2003, in Finnish). Finnish Environenment 709. 212 p. Luoto, M., Ikävalko, J., Kivinen, S. & Kuussaari, M. 2004. Maatalousmaiseman rakenne ja sen merkitys lajiston monimuotoisuudelle. In: M. Kuussaari, J. Tiainen, J. Helenius, R. Hietala-Koivu & J. Heliölä (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000-2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: results of the MYTVAS project 2000–2003, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 709: 110-127. Additional publications using the landscape structure data of this project include: Ekroos, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2011. Landscape context affects the relationship between local and landscape species richness of butterflies in semi-natural habitats. Ecography, in press. Ekroos, J., Heliölä, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2010. Homogenization of lepidopteran communities in intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:459-467. Kivinen, S., Luoto, M., Kuussaari, M. & Helenius, J. 2006. Multi-species richness of boreal agricultural landscapes: effects of climate, habitat, soil and geographical location. Journal of Biogeography 33: 862-875.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.72.3
title: Vegetation of semi-natural grassland pastures in southwestern Finland, 1999 - 2004

description: The data originates from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). In 1999, 2000 and 2004, data on vascular plants was collected in 36 mesic semi-natural grasslands, representing different management types: 1) continuous seasonal cattle grazing, 2) cattle grazing resumed 3–8 years ago after over 10 years of abandonment, and 3) overgrowing, abandoned over 10 years ago. Each grassland was studied in 1999 or 2000 and the second time in 2004. The study sites were situated in southwestern Finland on mainly southwestern and southeastern slopes by small rivers and brooks on clay soil. All study sites were open grassland without trees and shrubs. The new and most of the old pastures were under the EU agri-environmental scheme of management of traditional rural biotopes. Coverages of vascular plants were estimated on 15 1 m2 plots randomly placed per study area. Additionally, in 1999, all plant species of the whole study area were recorded; in 2000 and 2004, coverages of plant species in the whole study area were estimated using a nine-class scale (1&lt;0.125 %, 2=0.125-0.5 %, 3=0.5-2 %, 4=2-4 %, 5=4-8 %, 6=8-16 %, 7=16-32 %, 8=32-64 %, 9&gt;64 %). The methods are described in the following publications: Pykälä, J. 2008. Perinnebiotooppien hoidon erityistuella aloitetun karjan laidunnuksen merkitys niittykasveille. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 160-175. Pykälä, J. 2005. Plant species responses to cattle grazing in mesic semi-natural grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 108: 109-117.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.72.4
title: Vegetation of semi-natural grassland pastures in southwestern Finland, 1999 - 2004

description: The data originates from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). In 1999, 2000 and 2004, data on vascular plants was collected in 36 mesic semi-natural grasslands, representing different management types: 1) continuous seasonal cattle grazing, 2) cattle grazing resumed 3–8 years ago after over 10 years of abandonment, and 3) overgrowing, abandoned over 10 years ago. Each grassland was studied in 1999 or 2000 and the second time in 2004. The study sites were situated in southwestern Finland on mainly southwestern and southeastern slopes by small rivers and brooks on clay soil. All study sites were open grassland without trees and shrubs. The new and most of the old pastures were under the EU agri-environmental scheme of management of traditional rural biotopes. Coverages of vascular plants were estimated on 15 1 m2 plots randomly placed per study area. Additionally, in 1999, all plant species of the whole study area were recorded; in 2000 and 2004, coverages of plant species in the whole study area were estimated using a nine-class scale (1&lt;0.125 %, 2=0.125-0.5 %, 3=0.5-2 %, 4=2-4 %, 5=4-8 %, 6=8-16 %, 7=16-32 %, 8=32-64 %, 9&gt;64 %). The methods are described in the following publications: Pykälä, J. 2008. Perinnebiotooppien hoidon erityistuella aloitetun karjan laidunnuksen merkitys niittykasveille. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 160-175. Pykälä, J. 2005. Plant species responses to cattle grazing in mesic semi-natural grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 108: 109-117.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.74.7
title: Diversity and abundance of birds and insects on organic and conventional farms in southern Finland, 2000 - 2006

description: The data originate from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). The main study area was situated in Pukkila and Orimattila, an agriculturally dominated landscape in southern Finland, and it consists of ca. 30 km2 of arable land. In the study area, organic farming comprised 10 - 11 % of the arable area. Bird territories in the study area were censused in May-June 2000 - 2006 using a two-visit (2000 - 2001) or three-visit (2002 - 2006) application of the standard mapping method (Bibby et al. 2000). Both true field species and species which use both farmland and forest or human settlements were included. Abundances and population trends of birds were compared with data from four other convebtional areas comprising roughly same acreage. Data on butterflies, diurnal moths and bumblebees were collected in 2001-2005 from late May onwards to late August, with two-week intervals on 50-m long sample transects by using a standard line-transect method (Pollard & Yates 1993). Additionally, the abundance of flowering nectar-rich plants on the transects was recorded annually in late July. The methods are described in the following publications: Tiainen, J., Ekroos, J., Piha, M., Rintala, J., Seimola, T. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2008. Luomuviljelyn vaikutus maatalousympäristön luonnon monimuotoisuuteen. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 128-139. Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2007. Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation 140: 50-61. Ekroos, J., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. 2007. Role of organic and conventional field boundaries on boreal bumblebees and butterflies. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 124: 155-159. Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. 2000. Bird Census Techniques (second ed.). Academic Press, London. Pollard, E. & Yates, T. 1993. Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. 274 p. Results of analyses into these data were published in the following theses and their originial articles: Piha, M. 2007. Spatial and temporal determinants of Finnish farmland bird populations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki. Ekroos, J. 2010. Effects of management and landscape structure on biodiversity in boreal agricultural landscapes. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.74.9
title: Diversity and abundance of birds and insects on organic and conventional farms in southern Finland, 2000 - 2006

description: The data originate from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). The main study area was situated in Pukkila and Orimattila, an agriculturally dominated landscape in southern Finland, and it consists of ca. 30 km2 of arable land. In the study area, organic farming comprised 10 - 11 % of the arable area. Bird territories in the study area were censused in May-June 2000 - 2006 using a two-visit (2000 - 2001) or three-visit (2002 - 2006) application of the standard mapping method (Bibby et al. 2000). Both true field species and species which use both farmland and forest or human settlements were included. Abundances and population trends of birds were compared with data from four other convebtional areas comprising roughly same acreage. Data on butterflies, diurnal moths and bumblebees were collected in 2001-2005 from late May onwards to late August, with two-week intervals on 50-m long sample transects by using a standard line-transect method (Pollard & Yates 1993). Additionally, the abundance of flowering nectar-rich plants on the transects was recorded annually in late July. The methods are described in the following publications: Tiainen, J., Ekroos, J., Piha, M., Rintala, J., Seimola, T. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2008. Luomuviljelyn vaikutus maatalousympäristön luonnon monimuotoisuuteen. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 128-139. Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2007. Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation 140: 50-61. Ekroos, J., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. 2007. Role of organic and conventional field boundaries on boreal bumblebees and butterflies. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 124: 155-159. Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. 2000. Bird Census Techniques (second ed.). Academic Press, London. Pollard, E. & Yates, T. 1993. Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. 274 p. Results of analyses into these data were published in the following theses and their originial articles: Piha, M. 2007. Spatial and temporal determinants of Finnish farmland bird populations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki. Ekroos, J. 2010. Effects of management and landscape structure on biodiversity in boreal agricultural landscapes. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki.
DOI: 10.5063/aa/marjaana_toivonen.75.4
title: Waterbirds in agricultural wetlands in Finland, 2000 - 2011

description: The data originates from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). The only breeding habitat waterbirds find in Finnish farmland is provided by larger ditches and drains, rivers which flow through the open landscape and ponds and lakes which happen to be situated in farmland. Since 1995, wetlands have been created for water protection purposes in farmland and, in recent years, many have been established for multifunctional purposes, including management of biodiversity. To study the impact of creation of wetlands in farmland, waterbirds in 16 such wetlands were censused in 2004, 11 of which had been covered also already in 2000. For background information waterbirds were censused also in farmland bird survey study areas. The methods are described in the following publication: Tiainen, J., Pitkänen, J., Rintala, J. & Seimola, T. 2010. Maatalousympäristön kosteikkojen merkitys vesilinnustolle. In: Aakkula, J., Manninen, T. & Nurro, M. (Eds.), Maatalouden ympäristötuen vaikuttavuuden seurantatutkimus (MYTVAS3). Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön julkaisuja 1/2010: 90–94. An analysis on the impact of agri-environmental wetlands on waterbird abundance was analysed in the M.Sc. thesis: Pitkänen, J. 2008. Maatalousympäristöjen pienkosteikot vesilintujen elinympäristöinä. Pro gradu -tutkielma, Helsingin yliopisto, Metsäekologian laitos.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/ipvaxx_xxxitbpxmsr00_20080101.40.1
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/irmoxx_xxxitbpxmsr00_20051020.50.2
title: PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Rancho_Marino_Reserve (IRMOXX)

description: This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Rancho_Marino_Reserve by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/irptxx_xxxitbdxlzr01_20020126.40.1
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/irptxx_xxxitbdxlzr01_20020126.40.2
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/irptxx_xxxitbdxlzr01_20020126.50.3
title: PISCO: Intertidal: spatially-nested biodiversity survey temperature data: Resort Point, California, USA (IRPTXX)

description: This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Resort Point, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway TidbiT Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2002-01-26. Temperature loggers are bolted down in a wire cage at one location within each site at Mean Sea Level (MSL). Temperature is recorded at 1 hour intervals.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/irptxx_xxxitbdxlzr01_20020126.50.5
title: PISCO: Intertidal: spatially-nested biodiversity survey temperature data: Resort Point, California, USA (IRPTXX)

description: This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Resort Point, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway TidbiT Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2002-01-26. Temperature loggers are bolted down in a wire cage at one location within each site at Mean Sea Level (MSL). Temperature is recorded at 1 hour intervals.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/irptxx_xxxitbdxlzr01_20030218.50.2
title: PISCO: Intertidal: spatially-nested biodiversity survey temperature data: Resort Point, California, USA (IRPTXX)

description: This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Resort Point, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway TidbiT Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2003-02-18. Temperature loggers are bolted down in a wire cage at one location within each site at Mean Sea Level (MSL). Temperature is recorded at 1 hour intervals.
DOI: 10.6085/aa/isbfxx_xxxitbdxmsr00_20000330.50.1
title: PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Sandhill_Bluff (ISBFXX)

description: This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Sandhill_Bluff by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/isbfxx_xxxitbdxmsr00_20010101.40.1
title: (:unkn)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/isbfxx_xxxitbdxmsr00_20010101.50.2
title: PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Sandhill_Bluff (ISBFXX)

description: This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Sandhill_Bluff by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64)
DOI: 10.6085/aa/isbfxx_xxxitbdxmsr00_20020101.40.1
title: (:unkn)