cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6546d
title: Data from: The costs and benefits of multiple mating in a mostly monandrous wasp

description: The taxonomically widespread nature of polyandry remains a puzzle. Much of
 the empirical work regarding the costs and benefits of multiple mating to
 females has, for obvious reasons, relied on species that are already
 highly polyandrous. However, this makes it difficult to separate the
 processes that maintain the current level of polyandry from the processes
 that facilitate its expression and initiated its evolution. Here we
 consider the costs and benefits of polyandry in Nasonia vitripennis, a
 species of parasitoid wasp that is “mostly monandrous” in the wild, but
 which evolves polyandry under laboratory culture conditions. In a series
 of six experiments, we show that females gain a direct fecundity and
 longevity benefit from mating multiply with virgin males. Conversely,
 mating multiply with previously mated males actually results in a
 fecundity cost. Sexual harassment may also represent a significant cost of
 reproduction. Harassment was, however, only costly during oviposition,
 resulting in reduced fecundity, longevity and disrupted sex allocation.
 Our results show that ecological changes, in our case associated with
 differences in the local mating structure in the laboratory can alter the
 costs and benefits of mating and harassment and potentially lead to shifts
 in mating patterns.
description: Experiments
 1-6Data from experiments
 1-7, including longevity and son (M) and daughter (F)
 production.Costs of
 mating_RBDS_23022015.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.twq8zr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 968 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Standardized survey dataset of amphibian and reptile across different land-use types in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 968 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000678-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vv8v
title: Data from: Reduced lifespan and increased ageing driven by genetic drift in small populations

description: Explaining the strong variation in lifespan among organisms remains a
 major challenge in evolutionary biology. Whereas previous work has
 concentrated mainly on differences in selection regimes and selection
 pressures, we hypothesize that differences in genetic drift may explain
 some of this variation. We develop a model to formalize this idea and show
 that the strong positive relationship between lifespan and genetic
 diversity predicted by this model indeed exists among populations of
 Daphnia magna, and that ageing is accelerated in small populations.
 Additional results suggest that this is due to increased drift in small
 populations rather than adaptation to environments favoring faster life
 histories: First, the correlation between genetic diversity and lifespan
 remains significant after statistical correction for potential
 environmental covariates. Second, no trade-offs are observed; rather, all
 investigated traits show clear signs of increased genetic load in the
 small populations. Third, hybrid vigor with respect to lifespan is
 observed in crosses between small but not between large populations.
 Together, these results suggest that the evolution of lifespan and ageing
 can be strongly affected by genetic drift, especially in small
 populations, and that variation in lifespan and ageing may often be
 non-adaptive, due to a strong contribution from mutation accumulation to
 this variation.
description: age1results of first life
 table experimentage2results of second life
 table experimentage3results of third life
 table experimentage4results of hybrid
 experiment, also labelled experiment 4
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r8b6f
title: Data from: Phylogeography of a marine insular endemic in the Atlantic Macaronesia: the Azorean barnacle, Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916)

description: The Azorean barnacle, Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916), is a
 Macaronesian endemic whose obscure taxonomy and the unknown relationships
 among forms inhabiting isolated Northern Atlantic oceanic islands is
 investigated by means of molecular analysis herein. Mitochondrial data
 from the 16S rRNA and COX1 genes support its current species status,
 tropical ancestry, and the taxonomic homogeneity throughout its
 distribution range. In contrast, at the intraspecific level and based on
 control region sequences, we detected an overall low level of genetic
 diversity and three divergent lineages. The haplogroups α and γ were
 sampled in the Azores, Madeira, Canary, and Cabo Verde archipelagos;
 whereas haplogroup β was absent from Cabo Verde. Consequently, population
 analysis suggested a differentiation of the Cabo Verde population with
 respect to the genetically homogenous northern archipelagos generated by
 current oceanographic barriers. Furthermore, haplogroup α, β, and γ
 demographic expansions occurred during the interglacial periods MIS5 (130
 Kya - thousands years ago -), MIS3 (60 Kya), and MIS7 (240 Kya),
 respectively. The evolutionary origin of these lineages is related to its
 survival in the stable southern refugia and its demographic expansion
 dynamics are associated with the glacial-interglacial cycles. This
 phylogeographic pattern suggests the occurrence of genetic discontinuity
 informative to the delimitation of an informally defined biogeographic
 entity, Macaronesia, and its generation by processes that delineate
 genetic diversity of marine taxa in this area.
description: Nucleotide alignment 16S
 rRNANucleotide alignment of
 16S rRNA sequences used for phylogenetic inferences within Megabalanus
 genusMazo COX1 Nucleotide
 alignment v0.1Nucleotide aligment of
 mitochondrial COX1 (COI) sequences from Megabalanus
 azoricus.Mazo CR Nucleotide
 alignment v1.1Nucleotide Alignment of
 mitochondrial control region sequences from Megabalanus
 azoricusMazo CR Nucleotide
 alignment Haplogroup alfaNucleotide Alignment of
 mitochondrial control region sequences from individuals of Megabalanus
 azoricus belonging to the Haplogroup alfa.Mazo CR Nucleotide
 alignment Haplogroup betaNucleotide Alignment of
 mitochondrial control region sequences from individuals of Megabalanus
 azoricus belonging to the Haplogroup beta.Mazo CR Nucleotide
 alignment Haplogroup gammaNucleotide Alignment of
 mitochondrial control region sequences from individuals of Megabalanus
 azoricus belonging to the Haplogroup gamma.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nb37pn3
title: Data from: A single interacting species leads to widespread parallel evolution of the stickleback genome

description: Biotic interactions are potent, widespread causes of natural selection and
 divergent phenotypic evolution, and can lead to genetic differentiation
 with gene flow among wild populations (“isolation by ecology”) [1-4].
 Biotic selection has been predicted to act on more genes than abiotic
 selection thereby driving greater adaptation [5]. However, difficulties in
 isolating the genome-wide effect of single biotic agents of selection have
 limited our ability to identify and quantify the number and type of
 specific genetic regions responding to biotic selection [6-9]. We
 identified geographically interspersed lakes in which threespine
 stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have repeatedly adapted to the
 presence/absence of a single member of the ecological community, prickly
 sculpin (Cottus asper), a fish species that is both competitor and
 predator of stickleback [10]. Whole genome sequencing revealed that
 sculpin presence/absence accounted for the majority of genetic divergence
 among populations, more so than geography. The major axis of stickleback
 genomic variation within and between the two lake types was correlated
 with multiple traits, indicating parallel natural selection across a
 gradient of biotic environments. A large proportion of the genome - about
 1.8%, encompassing more than 600 genes – differentiated stickleback from
 the two biotic environments. Divergence occurred in 141 discrete genomic
 clumps located mainly in regions of low recombination within the
 stickleback genome, suggesting that genes brought to lakes by the
 colonizing ancestral population often evolved together in linked blocks.
 Strong selection and a wealth of standing genetic variation explain how a
 single member of the biotic community can have such a rapid and profound
 evolutionary impact.
description: FSTnum.RCustom R script for calculating FSTnum (the numerator of FST)CSprime.RCustom R script for calculating CS' valueslake_morpometric_datalandmark coordinates and length (mm) for dorsal spine 1, dorsal spine 2, pelvic spine, pelvic girdle, standard length, and number of lateral plates for threespine stickleback.FSTnum_outlier_genesOutliers between stickleback from lakes with and without sculpin identified using FSTnum statisticFST_outlier_genesOutliers between stickleback from lakes with and without sculpin identified using FSTCSprime_outlier_genesOutliers between stickleback from lakes with and without sculpin identified using CS' statistic
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3v60n
title: Data from: Northern flickers only work when they have to: how individual traits, population size and landscape disturbances affect excavation rates of an ecosystem engineer

description: Woodpeckers are considered ecosystem engineers because they excavate tree
 cavities which are used subsequently by many species of secondary cavity
 nesters for breeding. Woodpeckers have the choice of excavating a new hole
 or reusing an existing one, and this propensity to excavate (e) may affect
 community dynamics but has rarely been investigated. Using 18 years of
 data on a population of northern flickers Colaptes auratus, I tested six
 hypotheses to explain the propensity to excavate (e) in a landscape which
 experienced two types of disturbance: pine beetles and wildfires.
 Woodpecker age, breeding experience and mate retention had little
 influence on e which varied between 13-39% annually and averaged 23% for
 1843 first nests over the 18 years. Body size and body condition of males
 and females were not associated with e but rates of excavation declined
 seasonally, suggesting time rather than energy costs limited excavation
 effort. Reduced cavity availability mediated through high conspecific
 density coupled with wildfires triggered relatively high excavation rates,
 up to 39% but e decreased to baseline levels three years after the
 landscape disturbances. Nearly 2/3 of males did not excavate in their
 lifetime but apparently, e is great enough to balance the average rate of
 cavity tree loss in this forest which is 11% annually. Excavation
 propensity in flickers is flexible, but the birds reduce their work levels
 if there is a surplus of holes available.
description: northern flicker
 excavationSpss file with records
 of flickers excavating treesdryad.sav
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7y74e2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1140 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Macromycetes in Portugal Update"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1140 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000679-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sb269
title: Data from: Daphnia females adjust sex allocation in response to current sex ratio and density

description: Cyclical parthenogenesis presents an interesting challenge for the study
 of sex allocation, as individuals’ allocation decisions involve both the
 choice between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the choice between
 sons and daughters. Male production is therefore expected to depend on
 ecological and evolutionary drivers of overall investment in sex, and
 those influencing male reproductive value during sexual periods. We
 manipulated experimental populations, and made repeated observations of
 natural populations over their growing season, to disentangle effects of
 population density and the timing of sex from effects of adult sex ratio
 on sex allocation in cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia magna. Male
 production increased with population density, the major ecological driver
 of sexual reproduction; however, this response was dampened when the
 population sex ratio was more male-biased. Thus, in line with sex ratio
 theory, we show that D. magna adjust offspring sex allocation in response
 to the current population sex ratio.
description: Density, sex ratio,
 clutch size and offspring sex in natural D. magna
 populationsRepeated density and
 population structure samples from 11 natural rock pool populations of
 Daphnia magna; clutch sizes and offspring sex from individual females from
 each sample. Each row represents a single female, giving information on
 the population sample in which she occurred and the details of her clutch.
 Variables defined in excel worksheet.DaphniaSexAlloc.xlsxOffspring sex ratios produced in experimental populations of D. magnaOffspring sex ratios produced in experimental populations of D. magna. Initial density and sex ratio of populations was manipulated. Each row represents a single experimental population. Variables described in excel worksheet.DaphniaSexAllocExp.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.415sg
title: Data from: Exploring the role of asexual multiplication in poplar rust epidemics: impact on diversity and genetic structure

description: Fungal plant pathogens, especially rust fungi (Pucciniales), are well
 known for their complex life cycles, which include phases of sexual and
 asexual reproduction. The effect of asexual multiplication on population
 genetic diversity has been investigated in the poplar rust fungus
 Melampsora larici-populina using a nested hierarchical sampling scheme.
 Four hierarchical levels were considered: leaf, twig, tree and site. Both
 cultivated and wild poplar stands were sampled at two time points at the
 start and end of rust epidemics. A total of 641 fungal isolates was
 analyzed using ten microsatellite markers. This study revealed that the
 genetic signature of asexual multiplication in the wild poplar stand was
 seen only at lower hierarchical levels (leaf and twig). The observed
 change in clonal structure, displaying an increase in both gene and
 genotypic diversity, demonstrates that, despite the fact that only asexual
 multiplication occurs during the epidemic phase, new genotypes contribute
 to host infection over time. This genetic analysis provides insights into
 the balance between auto- and allo-infection processes during the epidemic
 time course. More generally, this genetic analysis illustrates the utility
 of population genetics approach for elucidating the proportion of asexual
 reproduction in the multiplication of isolates during an epidemic, and for
 proper quantification of asexual dispersal in plant pathogens.
description: DATA-EHE-2012See "README.txt" file for detailsEHEdataSee "README.txt" file for detailsEHESee "README.txt" file for details
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8mdd8m
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 818 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is BIOCATALOG - Cabo Verde species and cataloging project"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 818 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000680-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j4m1
title: Data from: From the track to the ocean: using flow control to improve marine bio-logging tags for cetaceans

description: Bio-logging tags are an important tool for the study of cetaceans, but
 superficial tags inevitably increase hydrodynamic loading. Substantial
 forces can be generated by tags on fast-swimming animals, potentially
 affecting behavior and energetics or promoting early tag removal.
 Streamlined forms have been used to reduce loading, but these designs can
 accelerate flow over the top of the tag. This non-axisymmetric flow
 results in large lift forces (normal to the animal) that become the
 dominant force component at high speeds. In order to reduce lift and
 minimize total hydrodynamic loading this work presents a new tag design
 (Model A) that incorporates a hydrodynamic body, a channel to reduce fluid
 speed differences above and below the housing and wing to redirect flow to
 counter lift. Additionally, three derivatives of the Model A design were
 used to examine the contribution of individual flow control features to
 overall performance. Hydrodynamic loadings of four models were compared
 using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Model A design eliminated
 all lift force and generated up to ~30 N of downward force in simulated 6
 m/s aligned flow. The simulations were validated using particle image
 velocimetry (PIV) to experimentally characterize the flow around the tag
 design. The results of these experiments confirm the trends predicted by
 the simulations and demonstrate the potential benefit of flow control
 elements for the reduction of tag induced forces on the animal.
description: CFD Summary
 ResultsSimulation results for
 Model A tag housing design and the design derivatives over a range of flow
 velocities (V∞ = 1-6 m/s) are included in the supplemental data file.
 Additionally, data from forces generated by the Model A design in constant
 5.6 m/s offaxis flow (β = 0º–180º) are also provided.CFD and PIV
 DataThese supplemental files
 included the experimental measurements and simulation data used to
 generate the normalized fluid pressure around the Model A design. These
 data were used to create the difference map between the coefficients of
 pressure (Cpdiff) that was used to compare experimental and simulation
 results. The units for the velocity fields are (m/s).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.67nf3vp
title: Data from: The evolutionary relationship between beak shape, mechanical advantage, and feeding ecology in modern birds

description: Extensive research on avian adaptive radiations has led to a presumption
 that beak morphology predicts feeding ecology in birds. However, this
 ecomorphological relationship has only been quantified in a handful of
 avian lineages, where associations are of variable strength, and never at
 a broad macroevolutionary scale. Here, we used shape analysis and
 phylogenetic comparative methods to quantify the relationships between
 beak shape, mechanical advantage, and two measures of feeding ecology
 (feeding behaviour and semi-quantitative dietary preferences) in a broad
 sample of modern birds, comprising most living orders. We found a complex
 relationship, with most variables showing a significant relationship with
 feeding ecology but little explanatory power, for example, diet accounts
 for less than 12% of beak shape variation. Similar beak shapes are
 associated with disparate dietary regimes, even when accounting for
 diet-feeding behaviour relationships and phylogeny. Very few lineages
 optimize for stronger bite forces, with most birds exhibiting relatively
 fast, weak bites, even in large predatory taxa. The extreme morphological
 and behavioural flexibility of the beak in birds suggests that, far from
 being an exemplary feeding adaptation, avian beak diversification may have
 been largely contingent on trade-offs and constraints.
description: Procrustes coordinates
 (shape)Set of 3 landmarks and 2
 curves of 25 semilandmarks each capturing beak shape in the bird taxa
 used.Proc.coords.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.574cd
title: Data from: Disassortative mating prevails in style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus despite low reciprocity and compatibility of morphs

description: Evolution to reduce inbreeding can favor disassortative (inter-morph) over
 assortative (intra-morph) mating in hermaphroditic sexually polymorphic
 plant species. Heterostyly enhances disassortative pollination through
 reciprocal placement of stigmas and anthers of morphs and appropriate
 pollinators. Stylar dimorphism in which there is not reciprocal anther
 placement may compromise disassortative mating, particularly when there is
 not intra-morph incompatibility. Variable rates of disassortative mating
 along with differential female fecundity or siring success among floral
 morphs could lead to variation in morph ratio. We investigated mating
 patterns, female fecundity and siring success of style-length morphs in
 Narcissus papyraceus, a self-incompatible but morph-compatible species
 with dimorphic (long- and short-styled) and monomorphic (long-styled)
 populations in central and north regions of its range respectively. We
 established experimental populations in both regions and exposed them to
 ambient pollinators. Using paternity analysis, we found similar siring
 success of morphs and high disassortative mating in most populations.
 Female fecundity of morphs was similar in all populations. Although these
 results could not completely explain the loss of dimorphism in the
 species’ northern range, they provided evidence for the evolutionary
 stability of stylar dimorphism in N. papyraceus in at least some
 populations. Our findings support the hypothesis that prevailing
 inter-morph mating is key for the maintenance of stylar dimorphism.
description: Data for paternity
 analyses, female fitness and performance of seedlings from experimental
 populations of two floral morphs of Narcissus papyraceus in south
 SpainDRYAD-VISPetalEvolution15.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4sg14
title: Data from: Fitness change in relation to mutation number in spontaneous mutation accumulation lines of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

description: Although all genetic variation ultimately stems from mutations, their
 properties are difficult to study directly. Here, we used multiple
 mutation accumulation (MA) lines derived from five genetic backgrounds of
 the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that have been previously
 subjected to whole genome sequencing to investigate the relationship
 between the number of spontaneous mutations and change in fitness from a
 non-evolved ancestor. MA lines were on average less fit than their
 ancestors and we detected a significantly negative correlation between the
 change in fitness and the total number of accumulated mutations in the
 genome. Likewise, the number of mutations located within coding regions
 significantly and negatively impacted MA line fitness. We used the fitness
 data to parameterize a maximum likelihood model to estimate discrete
 categories of mutational effects, and found that models containing one to
 two mutational effect categories (one neutral and one deleterious
 category) fitted the data best. However, the best-fitting mutational
 effects models were highly dependent on the genetic background of the
 ancestral strain.
description: Fitness_data_of_MA_linesFitness data and number of mutations of all MA lines and treatments used in this studyall_T_new.txtflowcytometry_qda_example_codeExample code to conduct QDA on flow cytometry datasimulate-known-mutation-numberscode to simulate known mutation numbers