DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z08kprrmn
title: Global nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure during 1890−2020: An IPCC Tier 2 inventory

description: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from livestock manure contribute
 significantly to the growth of atmospheric N2O, a
 powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) and dominant ozone-depleting
 substance. Here, we estimate global N2O emissions from livestock
 manure during 1890−2020 using the Tier 2 approach of the 2019
 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Global N2O emissions from
 livestock manure increased by ~350% from 451 [368−556] Gg N
 yr-1 in 1890 to 2042 [1677−2514] Gg N
 yr-1 in 2020. These emissions contributed ~30% to the global
 anthropogenic N2O emissions in the decade 2010−2019. Cattle contributed
 the most (60%) to the increase, followed by poultry (19%), pigs
 (15%), and sheep and goats (6%). Regionally, South Asia, Africa, and Latin
 America dominated the growth in global emissions since the
 1990s. Nationally, the largest emissions were found in India
 (329 Gg N yr−1), followed by China (267 Gg N yr−1), the United
 States (163 Gg N yr−1), Brazil (129 Gg N yr−1) and Pakistan (102 Gg N
 yr−1) in the 2010s. We found a substantial impact of
 livestock productivity, specifically animal body weight and milk yield, on
 the emission trends. Furthermore, a large spread existed
 among different methodologies in estimates of global N2O emission
 from livestock manure, with our results 20%−25% lower than those
 based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This study
 highlights the need for robust time-variant model
 parameterization and continuous improvement of emissions factors
 to enhance the precision of emission inventories. Additionally,
 urgent mitigation is required, as all available inventories indicate a
 rapid increase in global N2O emissions from livestock manure in recent
 decades.
description: # Global nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure during 1890−2020:
 An IPCC Tier 2 inventory The data that support the findings of Lei Zhang,
 Shufen Pan, Zhiyun Ouyang, Josep G. Canadell, Jinfeng Chang, Giulia
 Conchedda, Eric A. Davidson, Fei Lu, Naiqing Pan, Xiaoyu Qin, Hao Shi,
 Francesco N. Tubiello, Xiaoke Wang, Yuzhong Zhang, Hanqin Tian. Global
 nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure during 1890−2020: An IPCC
 Tier 2 inventory, which has been accepted by the Global Change Biology.
 1\. Results on the country-level emissions during the period 1890-2020
 were shown in "N2O_emissions_from_XX_YY.csv", where XX indicates
 livestock categories, YY indicates manure management (MM), manure left on
 pasture (MLP), and manure applied to soils (MAS). Unit in Gg N yr-1.
 Countries are identified using their ISO3 codes
 ([https://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/wits/WITSHELP/Content/Codes/Country_Codes.htm](https://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/wits/WITSHELP/Content/Codes/Country_Codes.htm)). 2\. Results on the grid level emissions (at a spatial resolution of 0.083°) during the period 1890-2020 were shown in "N2O_emissions_from_XX_YY(D/V/L).nc4", where XX indicates livestock categories, YY indicates manure management (MM), manure left on pasture (MLP), and manure applied to soils (MAS). The D indicates direct emissions, V indicates indirect emissions associated with volatilization, and L indicates indirect emissions associated with leaching. Unit in Kg N km-2 yr-1.