cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bfs
title: Effects of habitat types on the dynamic changes of allocation in carbon and nitrogen storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands

description: The progressive restoration of degraded vegetation in semiarid
 and arid desertified areas undoubtedly formed different habitat types. The
 most plants regulate their growth by fixing carbon with their energy
 deriving from photosynthesis, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play the crucial
 role in regulating plant growth, community structure and function in the
 vegetation restoration progress. However, it is still unclear how habitat
 types affect the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage of
 vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands. Here, we investigated plant
 community characteristics and soil properties across three successional
 stages of habitat types: semi-fixed dunes (SFD), fixed dunes (FD) and
 grasslands (G) in 2011, 2013 and 2015. We also examined the C and N
 concentrations of vegetation-soil system, and estimated their C and N
 storage. The C and N storage of vegetation system, soil and
 vegetation-soil system remarkably increased from SFD to G. The litter C
 and N storage in SFD, N storage of vegetation system in SFD and N storage
 of soil and vegetation-soil system in FD increased from 2011 to 2015,
 while aboveground plant C and N storage of FD were higher in 2011 than in
 2013 and 2015. Most of C and N were sequestered in soil in the vegetation
 restoration progress. These results suggest that the dynamic changes of
 allocation in C and N storage in vegetation-soil systems varied with
 habitat types. Our study highlights that SFD has higher N sequestration
 rate in vegetation, while FD has the considerably N sequestration rate in
 the soil.
description: The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the
 effects of habitat types, sampling years, and their interaction on
 aboveground biomass, litter mass, root biomass, soil bulk density, C and N
 concentrations, and storage in aboveground plant, litter, root, and soil
 at each depth, vegetation system, and vegetation–soil system. Least
 significant differences (LSD) test was used to compare the different
 habitat types or sampling years if the ANOVA was significant
 (<i>p</i> &lt; .05).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gqb
title: How much is enough? Sampling intensity influences estimates of reproductive variance in an introduced population

description: Conservation introductions to islands and fenced enclosures are increasing
 as in situ mitigations fail to keep pace with population declines. Few
 studies consider the potential loss of genetic diversity and increased
 inbreeding if released individuals breed disproportionately. As funding is
 limited and post-release monitoring expensive for conservation programs,
 understanding how sampling effort influences estimates of reproductive
 variance is useful. To investigate this relationship, we used a
 well-studied population of Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)
 introduced to Maria Island, Tasmania. Pedigree reconstruction based on
 molecular data revealed high variance in number of offspring per breeder
 and high proportions of unsuccessful individuals. Computational
 subsampling of 20, 40, 60, and 80% of observed offspring resulted in
 inaccurate estimates of reproductive variance compared to the pedigree
 reconstructed with all sampled individuals. With decreased sampling
 effort, the proportion of inferred unsuccessful individuals was
 overestimated and the variance in number of offspring per breeder was
 underestimated. To accurately estimate reproductive variance, we recommend
 sampling as many individuals as logistically possible during the early
 stages of population establishment. Further, we recommend careful
 selection of colonising individuals as they may be disproportionately
 represented in subsequent generations. Within the conservation management
 context, our results highlight important considerations for sample
 collection and post-release monitoring during population establishment.
description: This upload contains the fastq files geneated via DArT-seqTM,
 scripts and metadata used to perform pedigree reconstruction and
 subsampling analysis presented in the Ecological Applications article
 "How much is enough? Sampling intensity influences estimates of
 reproductive variance in an introduced population"
 (EAP21-0107). SNP calls were first made using the
 Stacks/2.0b pipeline from fastq files geneated via DArT-seqTM (uploaded
 here). The output from Stacks 2.0b (vcf. file) was further filtered in R
 (script available https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5806-y). All
 filtering parameters are presented in the Materials and Methods section of
 the article.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sr11
title: The burden of size and growth for the juveniles of large mammalian herbivores: structural and functional constraints in the feeding biology of juveniles relative to adults in red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus

description: Juvenile mammals in their post weaning developmental stages face many
 challenges in transitioning to adulthood. Among large grazing species such
 as ruminant bovids and cervids an overarching challenge is acquiring and
 processing sufficient nutrients to survive and grow, with a gut that may
 not yet be fully developed. Marsupial kangaroos of Australia face similar
 challenges; they also digest vegetation by fermentation in a large
 foregut. In red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus (= Macropus rufus), the
 dominant species of Australia’s arid interior, females may breed
 continuously; however, juvenile recruitment to the adult population is
 irregular and coincident with sporadic rainfall. As compared with adult
 females the nutritional requirements of juvenile O. rufus are high in
 relation to their body mass (BM), largely due to the cost of their rapid
 growth. We examined processes that juveniles have in their morphology,
 physiology and behaviours to meet their elevated nutritional needs, by
 comparing recently weaned juveniles of both sexes and adult female O.
 rufus in their desert habitat. Features studied include relative body
 sizes, relative dimensions and capacities of principal gut regions, the
 foregut, small intestine, caecum and large intestine with rectum. Also
 examined were digesta attributes and rates of digesta excretion.
 Additionally, the rates of change in skull parameters and dental
 characteristics to maturity were assessed. Field determinations of diet
 choice were made for both age classes. In juveniles the content masses of
 major gut structures were related to body mass (BM), as were those of
 adult females, i. e. ~BM1.0. In both age classes the digesta mass of the
 foreguts exceeded 75 % of the total digesta mass. Diets of both juvenile
 and adult O. rufus largely focused on grasses. Juveniles had higher rates
 of digesta excretion while foraging than adults. In addition, the foregut
 contents in juveniles occupies proportionally less of the total gut than
 in adult females. Together, the higher excretion rate and smaller relative
 foregut of juveniles suggests that they necessarily focus on forage that
 can be rapidly digested, such as young, green grasses or herbage.
 Comparison of the skulls of juveniles and adults revealed how this harvest
 can occur. Relative to BM juveniles had skulls of larger volume than
 adults. Additionally, during growth the skull lengthens proportionally
 faster than increasing. By weaning the dimensions of the incisor bite of
 juveniles neared those of adult females. The area of wear on
 premolars/molars increased only slowly relative to the development of
 incisors, further pointing to juveniles selecting more digestible forage
 than adults. The intermittent availability of such forage, principally
 young grasses, appears key to the significant recruitment into the O.
 rufus population in their arid habitat.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r2280gbd3
title: Genome wide identification, genomic organization, and expression profiling of the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family in petunia under multiple stresses

description: CONSTANS-like (CO-like, COL) is a putative zinc-finger transcription
 factor family that plays a key role in the control of flowering time in
 photoperiod-sensitive plants. Besides, the COL family protein is also
 involved in plant development, responses to stresses. However, information
 on plant development and stress response related function has not been
 previously performed in any solanaceous crop. In this study, a genome-wide
 analysis of COL gene family was conducted in petunia to elucidate their
 roles in organ development and stress response. A total of 33 COL genes
 (15 PaCOL genes in P. axillaris and 18 PiCOL genes in P. inflata) were
 identified in petunia. Subsequently, a genome-wide systematic analysis was
 performed in 15 PaCOL genes. Based on their amino acid sequence identity
 and domain composition they were phylogenetically classified into three
 groups those are conserved among the flowering plants. Similar gene
 structure and motif distribution were observed in the same group.
 Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that all PaCOL proteins were
 localized in nucleus. Furthermore, differential expression patterns of
 PaCOL genes were observed in various tissues. The expression patterns of
 PaCOL genes were observed under various abiotic and phytohormone treatment
 to explore their relatedness in different stresses. Moreover, several
 stress and light-responsive cis-elements were detected for different PaCOL
 genes. The COL genes of petunia species, those were clustered into three
 distinct groups, are conserved among flowering plants, were expressed in
 different tissues and induced under multiple abiotic stress treatments
 indicating their involvement in plant growth and development and stress
 response mechanism. This work laid the significant foundation for
 functional characterization of PaCOL gene family to uncover their
 biological roles in plant growth, development and in stress response.
 Petunia, Genome-wide analysis, Constans-like gene（COL), Expression
 patterns, Abiotic stresses
description: It is usefull for phylogenetic analysis of CONSTANS-like (COL)
 gene family.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zw89
title: Rare soil microbial taxa regulate the negative effects of land degradation drivers on soil organic matter decomposition

description: 1. Land degradation drivers, including loss in vegetation and
 eutrophication, are expected to impact soil biodiversity and functions in
 drylands world-wide. Soils contain both common and rare microbial taxa
 that drive multiple soil functions. Yet, little is known about how these
 microbial taxa influence the impacts of land degradation drivers on
 ecosystem functions. Obtaining this information is essential to determine
 whether rare taxa need to be protected, or if protecting only common taxa
 would be enough to sustain and protect ecosystem functions and services.
 2. Here, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of
 N-enrichment and vegetation loss (plant removal), which are two major land
 degradation drivers in semi-arid grasslands, on the diversities of common
 and rare soil bacterial and fungal taxa and soil function [soil organic
 matter (SOM) decomposition] in a long-term experiment. 3. Six years after
 N-enrichment and vegetation loss, we found that N-enrichment decreased the
 alpha diversities of common and rare soil bacteria and rare soil fungi,
 while vegetation loss only decreased the alpha diversity of rare soil
 fungi. Both N-enrichment and vegetation loss altered the community
 composition of common and rare bacteria and fungi, except for the lack of
 response of common soil fungi to the vegetation loss. Moreover, both
 structural equation modelling and variation partitioning analyses show
 that land degradation drivers reduce SOM decomposition, and these were
 also indirectly associated with changes in the diversity of rare microbial
 taxa, especially that of bacteria. 4. Synthesis and applications.
 Collectively, this work shows that land degradation can have negative
 impacts on soil biodiversity and functions, and the rare microbial taxa
 indirectly regulate the impacts of land degradation on ecosystem
 functioning. These results indicate that the rare microbial taxa can be
 used as one of the ecological indicators for identifying land degradation
 in the semi-arid grasslands. These findings are essential to understand
 the future impacts of desertification and land degradation on rare
 microbial taxa–function relationships in global drylands.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.prr4xgxm8
title: Variation in resource allocation strategies and environmental driving factors for different life forms of aquatic plants in cold temperate zones

description: 1. Resource allocation, including biomass allocation and nutrient
 allocation between different organs in a plant, reflects the trade-off in
 partitioning between aboveground and belowground organs and the growth and
 adaptation strategies of plants in a changing environment. Although varied
 resource allocation patterns among different organs in different
 functional groups of terrestrial plants have been found, few studies have
 focused on freshwater ecosystems. 2. In this study, to clarify biomass and
 nutrient allocation strategies and their responses to environmental
 factors, we collected and analysed 2162 samples from 262 aquatic plant
 communities (including emergent plants, floating-leaved plants and
 submerged plants) in various aquatic habitats in northeastern China. 3.
 The results showed that the root/shoot (R/S) ratios of the three aquatic
 plant life forms were significantly different, and the trend showed that
 the ratio values for the three plant life forms occurred in the following
 order: emergent plants &gt; floating-leaved plants &gt; submerged
 plants. There were obvious scaling relationships between aboveground
 biomass, N (or P or N:P ratios) and belowground biomass, N (or P or N:P
 ratios), but their scaling exponents changed among different aquatic plant
 life forms. The allocation of biomass and nutrients between different
 organ responses to environmental factors was not consistent for the
 different life forms of aquatic plants. The partial least squares path
 model revealed that plant stoichiometric characteristics are important
 direct drivers of biomass production. Climate conditions, water properties
 and soil nutrients indirectly affect biomass through effects on plant
 stoichiometric characteristics. 4. Synthesis: Our study
 demonstrates that global climate change may affect water properties and
 soil nutrients, influence plant stoichiometric characteristics and affect
 aquatic plant growth, further altering aquatic plant community structure
 and biogeochemical cycles.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15f1g
title: Data from: Intra-population variation in reproductive timing co-varies with thermal plasticity of offspring performance in perch (Perca fluviatilis)

description: Life-history theory posits that organisms should time their reproduction
 to coincide with environmental conditions that maximize their fitness.
 Population-level comparisons have contributed important insights on the
 adaptive value of reproductive timing and its association to environmental
 variation. Yet, despite its central role to ecology and evolution, the
 causes and consequences of variation in reproductive timing among
 individuals within populations are poorly understood in vertebrates other
 than birds. Using a combination of observational field studies and a
 split-brood experiment, we investigated whether differences in breeding
 time were associated with changes in hatching success, reproductive
 allocation, and reaction norms linking offspring performance to
 temperature within an anadromous Baltic Sea population of perch (Perca
 fluviatilis). Field observations revealed substantial variation in
 reproductive timing, with the breeding period lasting almost two months
 and occurring in temperatures ranging from 10–21 ˚C. The hatching success
 of perch decreased as the reproductive season progressed. At the same
 time, the reproductive allocation strategy changed over the season, late
 breeders (the offspring of which were introduced into a high resource
 environment and increased predation pressure) produced more and smaller
 eggs that resulted in smaller larvae, compared with early breeders. The
 split-brood experiment in which eggs were incubated in different
 temperatures (10, 12, 15, 18 ˚C) showed that differences in reproductive
 timing were associated with a change in the shape of the reaction norm
 linking offspring performance to water temperature indicative of adaptive
 phenotypic plasticity, with the offspring of early breeders performing
 best in low temperatures and the offspring of late breeders performing
 best in high temperatures. The seasonal changes in reproductive traits and
 the shape of the thermal performance suggest time-dependent adaptive
 differences among individuals within the population. Management actions
 aimed at preserving and restoring variation in the timing of reproductive
 events will thus likely also influence variation in associated
 life-history traits and thermal performance curves, which could safeguard
 populations against environmental challenges and changes associated with
 exploitation and global warming.
description: Data on the intensity and timing of reproduction of perch,
 abundances of zooplankton and three-spined sticklebacks and in situ
 temperature regime was collected at the field site (River Hossmoån,
 southeast Sweden). Data on hatching success, larval traits and thermal
 tolerance from the manipulation experiment was collected in the laboratory
 facility of the Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden. Apart from
 statistical analyses (see paper for details), data has not been
 processed.
description: Comments on cause for missing values in the actual files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkh63
title: Disparate movement behaviour and feeding ecology in sympatric ecotypes of Atlantic cod

description: Co-existence of ecotypes, genetically divergent population units, is a
 widespread phenomenon, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and
 local food web stability. In coastal Skagerrak, Atlantic cod (Gadus
 morhua) occur as two such co-existing ecotypes. We applied a combination
 of acoustic telemetry, genotyping and stable isotope analysis to 72
 individuals to investigate movement ecology and food niche of putative
 local “Fjord” and putative oceanic “North Sea” ecotypes – thus named based
 on previous molecular studies. Genotyping and individual origin assignment
 suggested 41 individuals were Fjord and 31 were North Sea ecotypes. Both
 ecotypes were found throughout the fjord. Seven percent of Fjord ecotype
 individuals left the study system during the study while 42 % of North Sea
 individuals left, potentially homing to natal spawning grounds. Home range
 sizes were similar for the two ecotypes but highly variable among
 individuals. Fjord ecotype cod had significantly higher δ13C and δ15N
 stable isotope values than North Sea ecotype cod, suggesting they
 exploited different food niches. The results suggest coexisting ecotypes
 may possess innate differences in feeding- and movement ecologies and may
 thus fill different functional roles in marine ecosystems. This highlights
 the importance of conserving interconnected populations to ensure stable
 ecosystem functioning and food web structures.
description: Acoustic receivers were deployed in Sandnesfjorden, Norway.
 Atlantic cod were caught in the fjord, a fin clip was taken for genetic
 origin assignment and a small muscle tissue sample was taken for stable
 isotope analysis. The fish were tagged with acoustic tags and their
 behaviour in the fjord was tracked.
description: Please refer to the Readme file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gtj23
title: Data from: Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity

description: This study examined the effect of perceived predation risk imposed by lynx
 (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on red deer (Cervus elaphus) foraging
 behavior under experimental conditions. We hypothesized that in response
 to large carnivore scent red deer would increase their vigilance, while
 reducing the frequency and duration of visits to foraging sites.
 Consequently, browsing intensity on tree saplings was expected to
 decrease, while a higher proportion of more preferred species was expected
 to be browsed to compensate for higher foraging costs. We expected
 stronger responses towards the ambush predator lynx, compared to the
 cursorial predator wolf. These hypotheses were tested in a cafeteria
 experiment conducted within three red deer enclosures, each containing
 four experimental plots with olfactory cues of wolf, lynx, cow, and water
 as control. On each plot, a camera trap was placed and browsing intensity
 was measured for one consecutive week, repeated three times. Red deer
 reduced their visitation duration and browsing intensity on plots with
 large carnivore scent. Despite red deer showing a clear preference for
 certain tree species, the presence of large carnivore scent did not change
 selectivity towards different tree species. Contrary to our prediction, we
 found more pronounced effects of the wolf (cursorial) compared to lynx
 (ambush). This study is the first to experimentally assess the perceived
 risk effects on red deer foraging behavior of large carnivores differing
 in hunting modes. Our findings provide insights into the role of olfactory
 cues in predator-prey interactions and how they can modify fine-scale
 herbivore-plant interactions.
description: See "Methods" and "Statistical analyses"
 section article
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r7sqv9sc3
title: Males perceive honest information from female released sex pheromone in a moth

description: There is accumulating evidence that male insects advertise their quality
 to conspecific females through pheromones. However, most studies of female
 released sex pheromone assume information transfer regarding merely the
 species of the female and her mating status. We show that more and precise
 information is conveyed through the female sex pheromone, positioning it
 as an honest sexual trait. We demonstrate that females in bad physical
 conditions (small, starved or old) lay significantly fewer eggs than
 females in good conditions (large, fed or young). The ratio of the sex
 pheromone blend in gland extracts of female pink bollworm moths accurately
 describes the female phenotypic condition whereas the pheromone amount in
 the glands fails to provide an honest signal of quality. Moreover, males
 use the female released pheromone blend to choose their mates and approach
 females that signal higher reproductive potential. In addition,
 surrogating the female effect, using synthetic pheromone blend that
 represents that of higher quality females (0.6:0.4 ZZ:ZE) more males were
 attracted to this blend than to the blend representing the population mean
 (0.5:0.5 ZZ:ZE). Both, female advertisement for males and the male
 choosiness, suggest that pheromones have evolved as sexual traits under
 directional, sexual selection.