cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/j31s-xs87
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Barclay - Yakutat Moraines - PCSI - ITRDB AK121

description: Tidewater glaciers have coalesced to advance through Icy Bay, Alaska, three times during the past 3800 yr. Radiocarbon ages show that the first of these expansions was underway by 3750 cal yr B.P. and culminated at the outer coast between 3505 and 3245 cal yr B.P. Subsequent recession and readvance brought the ice margin back to the outer coast by 1525 cal yr B.P. (cal a.d. 425) where it remained for about 650 yr before retreating. Tree-ring cross-dates of glacially killed trees show that the most recent ice advance was underway through the inner bay by the a.d. 1640s and reached into the outer bay in the 1810s. Historical data support ice expansion through the outer bay in the early 19th century and show a late 19th century maximum prior to 20th century retreat. These results are a significant revision and extension of previous studies of the Holocene glacial history of Icy Bay. Average advance rates for the most recent expansion were typical of modern tidewater glaciers in the inner bay but much faster in the outer bay; shallow water here may have been important to this latter phase of unusually rapid advance.
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/j6dg-c354
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Li - Yajiang - PCLI - ITRDB CHIN023

description: The Asian monsoon system affects more than half of humanity worldwide, yet the dynamical processes that govern its complex spatiotemporal variability are not sufficiently understood to model and predict its behavior, due in part to inadequate long-term climate observations. Here we present the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), a seasonally resolved gridded spatial reconstruction of Asian monsoon drought and pluvials over the past millennium, derived from a network of tree-ring chronologies. MADA provides the spatiotemporal details of known historic monsoon failures and reveals the occurrence, severity, and fingerprint of previously unknown monsoon megadroughts and their close linkages to large-scale patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures. MADA thus provides a long-term context for recent monsoon variability that is critically needed for climate modeling, prediction, and attribution.
description: Purpose of Collection:  
# Climatology - precipitation analysis  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.25921/j986-ms31
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Therrell - Lakeport Plantation (rafters) - TADI - ITRDB AR075

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/jt89-rm34
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Büntgen - DolinaSuchejwody - PCAB - ITRDB POLA027

description: We analyzed growth responses to climate of 24 tree-ring width and four maximum latewood density chronologies from the greater Tatra region in Poland and Slovakia. This network comprises 1183 ring-width and 153 density measurement series from four conifer species (Picea abies (L.) Karst., Larix decidua Mill., Abies alba (L.) Karst., and Pinus mugo (L.)) between 800 and 1550 m a.s.l. Individual spline detrending was used to retain annual to multi-decadal scale climate information in the data. Twentieth century temperature and precipitation data from 16 grid-boxes covering the 48-50 °N and 19-21 °E region were used for comparison. The network was analyzed to assess growth responses to climate as a function of species, elevation, parameter, frequency and site ecology. Twenty ring-width chronologies significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with June-July temperatures, whereas the latewood density chronologies were correlated with the April-September temperatures. Climatic effects of the previous-year summer generally did not significantly influence ring formation, whereas site elevation and frequency of growth variations (i.e., inter-annual and decadal) were significant variables in explaining growth response to climate. Response to precipitation increased with decreasing elevation. Correlations between summer temperatures and annual growth rates were lower for Larix decidua than for Picea abies. Principal component analysis identified five dominant eigenvectors that express somewhat contrasting climatic signals. The first principal component contained highest loadings from 11 Picea abies ring-width chronologies and one Pinus mugo ring-width chronology and explained 42% of the network's variance. The mean of these 12 high-elevation chronologies was significantly correlated at 0.62 with June-July temperatures, whereas the mean of three latewood density chronologies, which loaded most strongly on the fourth principal component, significantly correlated at 0.69 with April-September temperatures (P < 0.001 over the 1901-2002 period in both cases). These groupings allow for a robust estimation of June-July (1661-2004) and April-September (1709-2004) temperatures, respectively. Comparison with reconstructions from the Alps and Central Europe supports the general rule of the dominant influence of growing season temperature on high-elevation forest growth.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/j978-yk69
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - King - Kretec Vale - PICO - ITRDB  WY036

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/jx34-bd43
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Meerfelder Maar Younger Dryas Varved Sediment Data

description: The Younger Dryas cooling 12,700 years ago is one of the most abrupt climate changes observed in Northern Hemisphere palaeoclimate records. Annually laminated lake sediments are ideally suited to record the dynamics of such abrupt changes, as the seasonal deposition responds immediately to climate, and the varve counts provide an accurate estimate of the timing of the change. Here, we present sub-annual records of varve microfacies and geochemistry from Lake Meerfelder Maar in western Germany, providing one of the best dated records of this climate transition. Our data indicate an abrupt increase in storminess during the autumn to spring seasons, occurring from one year to the next at 12,679 yr BP, broadly coincident with other changes in this region.  We suggest that this shift in wind strength represents an abrupt change in the North Atlantic westerlies towards a stronger and more zonal jet. Changes in meridional overturning circulation alone cannot fully explain the changes in European climate; we suggest the observed wind shift provides the mechanism for the strong temporal link between North Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation and European climate during deglaciation.
description: Varve thickness and iron content data for Lake Meerfelder Maar, western Germany, across the Younger Dryas cold interval at sub-annual resolution.
DOI: 10.25921/j79y-t873
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Boswijk - 12 Tonks Avenue, Wellington - AGAU - ITRDB NEWZ111

description: It is not known how global warming will affect the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The instrumental record is too short to discern centennial-scale trends and modelling results are inconclusive1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Proxy reconstructions indicate that ENSO activity was relatively high during the late twentieth century6, 7, 8, 9, 10, but whether this was unusual in the millennial context remains uncertain. Here we present insights into these issues derived from rings of the kauri tree (Agathis australis), a rare long-lived conifer endemic to the forests of northern New Zealand. Our results indicate that the twentieth century was the most ‘ENSO-active’ century of the past 500 years, but may not be unique in the context of the past 700 years, and that ENSO activity comparable to or elevated above that experienced during the late twentieth century is plausible under warmer-than-present conditions. We also find evidence that there may have been significant changes in the ENSO teleconnection to the New Zealand region during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and of multi-decadal fluctuations in ENSO-related activity building up to the present day. Although these two features may delay the expression of increased ENSO activity in the New Zealand region, our results indicate that New Zealand climate is likely to be more dominated by ENSO-related inter-annual variability as the world continues to warm.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.25921/jkk9-dh73
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ratcliff - Barnabetti French Violin - PCAB - ITRDB FRAN040

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/jfqm-9178
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - 700 Year El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Niño3.4 Index Reconstruction

description: Predicting how the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) will change with global warming is of enormous importance to society. ENSO exhibits considerable natural variability at interdecadal-centennial timescales. Instrumental records are too short to determine whether ENSO has changed and existing reconstructions are often developed without adequate tropical records. Here we present a seven-century-long ENSO reconstruction based on 2,222 tree-ring chronologies from both the tropics and mid-latitudes in both hemispheres. The inclusion of tropical records enables us to achieve unprecedented accuracy, as attested by high correlations with equatorial Pacific corals and coherent modulation of global teleconnections that are consistent with an independent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. Our data indicate that ENSO activity in the late twentieth century was anomalously high over the past seven centuries, suggestive of a response to continuing global warming. Climate models disagree on the ENSO response to global warming, suggesting that many models underestimate the sensitivity to radiative perturbations. Illustrating the radiative effect, our reconstruction reveals a robust ENSO response to large tropical eruptions, with anomalous cooling in the east-central tropical Pacific in the year of eruption, followed by anomalous warming one year after. Our observations provide crucial constraints for improving climate models and their future projections.
description: An index of canonical El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability for the past seven centuries, derived from 2,222 tree-ring chronologies 
from Asia, New Zealand, and North and South America. The reconstruction targets the prior winter (November-January, NDJ) Niño3.4 index, and covers 1301-2005. 
SST anomalies (SSTAs) are relative to the mean of observed SSTs during 1971-2000.
DOI: 10.25921/jnt5-c531
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Titicaca 20-60KYrBP Biogenic Silica and Grain Size Data

description: Millennial-scale climate variation during the Last Glacial period is evident in many locations worldwide, but it is unclear if such variation occurred in the interior of tropical South America, and, if so, how the low-latitude variation was related to its high-latitude counterpart. A high-resolution record, derived from the deep drilling of sediments on the floor of Lake Titicaca in the southern tropical Andes, is presented that shows clear evidence of millennial-scale climate variation between ~60 and 20 ka BP.  This variation is manifested by alternations of two interbedded sedimentary units. The two units have distinctive sedimentary, geochemical, and paleobiotic properties that are controlled by the relative abundance of terrigenous or nearshore components versus pelagic components. The sediments of more terrigenous or nearshore nature likely were deposited during regionally wetter climates when river transport of water and sediment was higher, whereas the sediments of more pelagic character were deposited during somewhat drier climates regionally. The majority of the wet periods inferred from the Lake Titicaca sediment record are correlated with the cold events in the Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic sediment cores, indicating that increased intensity of the South American summer monsoon was part of near-global scale climate excursions.
description: Biogenic silica, grain size, and diatom data from 136m long sediment core 
LT01-2B, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru, drilled in April and May 2001, 
covering ~60 - 20 KYrBP.  d13C data is from P.A. Baker, diatom and BiSiO2 
data is from S.C. Fritz, and grain size data from G.O. Seltzer.  

Additional information on the LT01-2B drill cores, age model 
development, and additional core data are included with 
Fritz et al. 2007 Lake Titicaca data set: 
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt
DOI: 10.25921/j6zh-n979
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Allen - Clayton's Lagoon - PHAS - ITRDB AUSL033

description: Between two and four increment cores were obtained from approximately 20 trees at each of 16 sites of P. aspleniifolius across Tasmania. Four regions were defined and temperature data for climate stations from each of these regions were transformed into dimensionless time series appropriate for each region. The ZI was constructed from Melbourne and Hobart mean sea level pressure (MSLP). Correlations were calculated between climate data and ring widths over most of the 20th century. Data were then segregated into two subperiods to assess whether or not temporal changes in ring width response have occurred over the 20th century.
The dominant feature of the correlation functions was a negative correlation with temperatures of the previous growing season. Correlation between the ZI and ring width is most significant, and positive, in November and March of the previous growing season. Differences in the shape of the correlation functions, and their strength is apparent over the course of the century. In general, correlations have become weaker and less consistent among the 16 sites for the latter part of the century. Temperatures have generally increased during the 1900s over which time period correlations have been calculated.
The temporally changing climatic response in ring widths is consistent with a hypothesis of competition for resources between different parts of a plant. A nonlinear response to climate over a short-time period violates one of the basic assumptions of dendroclimatology, therefore suggesting further investigation of both the physiology of trees used for dendroclimatological purposes and the statistical methods used for climatic reconstruction.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-24. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-01.
DOI: 10.25921/jh7p-2j57
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bräker - unt.Bremgartenstrasse - QURO - ITRDB SWIT233

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/j1x2-4x86
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Challa, Kenya Holocene and LGM Varve Thickness Data

description: Interannual rainfall variations in equatorial East Africa are tightly linked to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with more rain and flooding during El Niño and droughts in La Niña years, both having severe impacts on human habitation and food security. Here we report evidence from an annually laminated lake sediment record from southeastern Kenya for interannual to centennial-scale changes in ENSO-related rainfall variability during the last three millennia and for reductions in both the mean rate and the variability of rainfall in East Africa during the Last Glacial period. Climate model simulations support forward extrapolation from these lake sediment data that future warming will intensify the interannual variability of East Africa's rainfall.
description: Varve thickness data from Lake Challa, Kenya/Tanzania for two, 
~3,000-year intervals, 21 KYrBP - 18 KYrBP and 3000 YrBP to the present.
DOI: 10.25921/jr2w-cx24
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Esper - Atlas Mountains CO - CDAT - ITRDB MORC018

description: Cedrus atlantica ring width data are used to reconstruct long-term changes in the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over the past 953 years in Morocco, NW Africa. The reconstruction captures the dry conditions since the 1980s well and places this extreme period within a millennium-long context. PDSI values were above average for most of the 1450-1980 period, which let recent drought appear exceptional. However, our results also indicate that this pluvial episode of the past millennium was preceded by generally drier conditions back to 1049. Comparison of PDSI estimates with large-scale pressure field reconstructions revealed steady synoptic patterns for drought conditions over the past 350 years. The long-term changes from initially dry to pluvial to recent dry conditions are similar to PDSI trends reported from N America, and we suggest that they are related to long-term temperature changes, potentially teleconnected with ENSO variability and forced by solar irradiance changes.

description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-05-01.
DOI: 10.25921/j11m-5v30
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kanfoush et al. 2000 South Atlantic Deglacial Ice Rafted Debris Data

description: Records of ice-rafted detritus (IRD) concentration in deep-sea cores from the southeast Atlantic Ocean reveal millennial-scale pulses of IRD delivery between 20,000 and 74,000 years ago. Prominent IRD layers correlate across the Polar Frontal Zone, suggesting episodes of Antarctic Ice Sheet instability. Carbon isotopes (δ13C) of benthic foraminifers, a proxy of deepwater circulation, reveal that South Atlantic IRD events coincided with strong increases in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production and inferred warming (interstadials) in the high-latitude North Atlantic. Sea level rise or increased NADW production associated with strong interstadials may have resulted in destabilization of grounded ice shelves and possible surging in the Weddell Sea region of West Antarctica.
DOI: 10.25921/jweh-p927
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Marchal and Curry 2008 Atlantic LGM Benthic Foram Stable Isotope Data

description: An inverse method is used to evaluate the information contained in sediment data for the Atlantic basin during the Last Glacial Maximum (defined here as the time interval 18–21 kyr before present). The data being considered are an updated compilation of the isotopic ratios 18O/16O (δ18O) and 13C/12C (δ13C) of fossil shells of benthic foraminifera (bottom-dwelling organisms). First, an estimate of the abyssal circulation in the modern Atlantic is obtained, which is consistent with (i) climatologies of temperature and salinity of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, (ii) observational estimates of volume transport at specific locations, and (iii) the statements of a finite-difference geostrophic model. Second, estimates of water properties (δ18O of equilibrium calcite or δ18Oc and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon or δ13CDIC) derived from sediment data are combined with this circulation estimate to test their consistency with the modern flow. It is found that more than approximately 80% of water property estimates (δ18Oc or δ13CDIC) are compatible with the modern flow given their uncertainties. The consistency of glacial δ13CDIC estimates with the modern flow could be rejected after two assumptions are made: (i) the uncertainty in these estimates is ±0.1‰ (this uncertainty includes errors in sediment core chronology and oceanic representativity of benthic δ13C, which alone appears better than this value on average); and (ii) δ13CDIC in the glacial deep Atlantic was dominated by a balance between water advection and organic C remineralization. Measurements of δ13C on benthic foraminifera are clearly useful, but the current uncertainties in the distribution and budget of δ13CDIC in the glacial Atlantic must be reduced to increase the power of the test.
DOI: 10.25921/jw6b-t598
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Dome Fuji - 10Be Data 700-1900 CE

description: The cosmogenic nuclide 10Be was analyzed by using accelerator mass spectrometry on an ice core drilled at the Dome Fuji station, inland Antarctica, for 700-1900 yr CE. The measured concentration of 10Be in the Dome Fuji ice core and the derived 10Be flux show similar fluctuations, with both increasing at known solar-activity minima over the last millennium in agreement with earlier observations of 10Be and 14C. Based on the similar nature of the 10Be flux to the reconstructed 14C production rate patterns, a 10Be-14C correlation age model for the Dome Fuji ice core was successfully constructed. This age model agrees well with the initial version of the tephrochronology of the core. The 10Be-flux record contains information on variability in the amount of cosmic radiation incident on the atmosphere, which is mainly attributable to high-frequency change in solar activity and low-frequency background intensity adjustment of the geomagnetic field. High-resolution 10Be analyses of the Dome Fuji ice cores promise to provide potentially important information on the history of cosmic radiation intensity over the past several hundred thousand years.