cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vvwr
title: CCDC 1992025: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Yulia N. Toikka, Alexander S. Mikherdov, Daniil M. Ivanov, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, Nadezhda A. Bokach, Vadim Yu. Kukushkin|2020|Cryst.Growth Des.|20|4783|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00561
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vvxs
title: CCDC 1992026: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Yulia N. Toikka, Alexander S. Mikherdov, Daniil M. Ivanov, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, Nadezhda A. Bokach, Vadim Yu. Kukushkin|2020|Cryst.Growth Des.|20|4783|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00561
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vvyt
title: CCDC 1992027: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Yulia N. Toikka, Alexander S. Mikherdov, Daniil M. Ivanov, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, Nadezhda A. Bokach, Vadim Yu. Kukushkin|2020|Cryst.Growth Des.|20|4783|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00561
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vvzv
title: CCDC 1992028: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Yulia N. Toikka, Alexander S. Mikherdov, Daniil M. Ivanov, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, Nadezhda A. Bokach, Vadim Yu. Kukushkin|2020|Cryst.Growth Des.|20|4783|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00561
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24vw0x
title: CCDC 1992029: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Yulia N. Toikka, Alexander S. Mikherdov, Daniil M. Ivanov, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, Nadezhda A. Bokach, Vadim Yu. Kukushkin|2020|Cryst.Growth Des.|20|4783|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00561
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24w0nq
title: CCDC 1992173: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Reinner O. Omondi, Rajesh Bellam, Stephen O. Ojwach, Deogratius Jaganyi, Amos A. Fatokun|2020|J.Inorg.Biochem.|210|111156|doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111156
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc24yf8t
title: CCDC 1994486: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Bastien Michelet, Ugo Castelli, Emeline Appert, Maude Boucher, Kassandra Vitse, Jérôme Marrot, Jérôme Guillard, Agnès Martin-Mingot, Sébastien Thibaudeau|2020|Org.Lett.|22|4944|doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01301
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1566
title: Performance evaluation of commingled wells with production data

description: The objective of this work is to build a simple technique to analyze production data of oil wells producing from commingled reservoirs, in order to estimate the amount of movable oil in place. When a well producing in pseudo-steady-state period, rate normalization enables early estimation of ultimate recovery on both single and multi-layer reservoirs. Contribution of layers with different productivity can be qualitatively recognized. For oil and gas reservoirs, when combined with dynamic material balance chart, the rate normalization technique serves as a diagnostic tool to help reservoir practitioners evaluate and manage well performance more effectively. Combination of the two plots (rate normalization and flowing material balance) visually allows for the forecast of producible reserve after all boundaries have been felt. Rate normalization graph is a plot between normalized rate and cumulative production. Surface production data are necessary for constructing the graph.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1567
title: Anti-phytopathogenic fungal agents based on berberine

description: Screening of antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi; Phytophthora palmivora and P. parasitica, PDA was incorporated with four natural products: N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine, gallic acid and berberine at concentration of 1,000 ppm. Among them, berberine exhibited the most potent antifungal activity against both fungi by 100 percent inhibition. Berberine was extracted from (C. fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr) and investigated the antifungal activity against six phytopathogenic fungi; Alternaria porri, Cercospora sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, P. parasitica and Pythium deliense was further investigated and IC [subscript 50] values were determined as 101, 653, 1011, 599, 48 and 284 ppm, respectively. Seven derivatives of berberine: canadine, 8-methoxy-7,8-dihydroberberine, 8-trichloromethyl-7,8-dihydroberberine, acetonylberberine, 8-cyano-13, 14-dehydrocanadine, 13-benzylberberine and 13-methylberberine were manipulated by introducing various groups at C-8 and C-13 of berberine. Four berberine derivatives: acetonylberberine, 8-cyano-13,14-dehydrocanadine, 13-benzylberberine and 13-methylberberine displayed better antifungal activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi than berberine. Spore germination and phytotoxicity bioassay were also investigated. 8-Cyano-13,14-dehydrocanadine and 13-benzylberberine revealed completely inhibition of spore gerimantion of P. parasitica while 13-benzylberberine showed relatively no evident on phytotoxic effects.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1568
title: Characterization and fenton treatment of hazardous organic substances in Para rubber industrial wastewater in Southern Thailand

description: This study focuses on the characterization and treatment of the hazardous organic substances in rubber latex (Hevea brasiliensis) wastewater. In the characterization part, the organic substances in wastewater were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) their separation and identification by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and GC-MS, respectively. The variations of the raw and treated wastewater quality were monitored for 6 months, covering the cropping and leave shedding season. According to the monitoring results, there are 7 organic groups contained in the raw wastewater such as acids, indoles, phthalates, alcohols and phenols, thiazoles, thiocarbamates and the others. Two dominant species in the raw wastewater were 3-methylindole (3MI) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). The first compound, 3MI, belongs to the category of bad smelling property, while the second is recalcitrant to biodegrade. Both cause the problems the para rubber industry suffers frequently, including the malodor and the effluent COD exceeding the standard value. Because of this, Fenton's treatment was proposed in this study. The synthetic wastewater of each compound was prepared and treated by Fenton's reagent. The optimum operating conditions were determined. The results show that the optimal molar ratio of [H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2]]:[Fe[superscript 2+]]:[DIBP or 3MI] is 5:5:1 for DIBP, and 1:1.5:1 for 3MI, given the pH of 3. With such information available, the optimum conditions were applied to the industrial wastewater, and the results of which were compared with those of the synthetic wastewater. According to the experimental results, there were significant differences in %degradation between the synthetic and the real wastewater. Consequently, the operating condition of both industrial raw and treated wastewater were re-optimized. The results show that the optimum condition for the raw wastewater was 20:10:1 for 3MI at pH 3, while the optimum values for treated wastewater were 617 mg H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] L[superscript -1] and 70 mg Fe[superscript 2+] L[superscript -1] at pH 3. Under these conditions, the 3MI in the raw wastewater could be removed nearly 100% in 180 min, and the biodegradability index was increased by 0.1, approximately. Therefore, the Fenton's oxidation is recommended as pretreatment system for the subsequent industrial biological treatment. The DIBP and COD in the treated wastewater could be removed by 90% and 48%, respectively under the optimum condition. These are enough to meet the discharge. In addition, the empirical kinetic equations with respect to Fenton treatment were also determined for further application.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1569
title: Ni-Ru catalysts on cerium zirconyl oxide for dry reforming of methane

description: In this research, the water-in-oil microemulsion was employed to prepare Ce[subscript 1-x]Zr[subscript x]O[subscript 2] mixed oxide which was used as a support. The impregnation method was used to impregnate 15% Ni onto the support. The ratio of CeO[subscript 2] to ZrO[subscript 2] was systematically varied. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various physico-chemical characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, BET surface method, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, and Thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that cubic Ce[subscript 0.75]Zr[subscript 0.25]O[subscript 2] containing 15% Ni gave synthesis gas from 6.1% methane conversion at 450 degrees Celsius. In contrast, tetragonal Ce-ZrO[subscript 2] (Ce[subscript 0.5]Zr[subscript 0.5]O[subscript 2] and Ce[subscript 0.15]Zr[subscript 0.85]O[subscript 2] containing 15% Ni gave lower methane conversion and was deactivated during the reaction due to the carbon formation. By varying the amount of Ni loading from 5 to 20%, it was found that Ce[subscript 0.75]Zr[subscript 0.25]O[subscript 2] with 15% nickel loading exhibited the highest catalytic activity. Then various amounts of Ru were impregnated onto 15% Ni/Ce[subscript 0.75]Zr[subscript 0.25]O[subscript 2]. Their catalytic activities in dry reforming of methane were determined. The results indicated that 0.7% Ru on Ni catalyst had the highest reforming activity which was 6.9% of methane conversion. It can be concluded that 15%Ni-0.7%Ru/Ce[subscript 0.75]Zr[subscript 0.25]O[subscript 2] catalyst exhibited the best activity in best activity in dry reforming of methane at 450 degrees Celsius for 17 h.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1570
title: Encapsulation of Haematococcus pluvialis using chitosan for astaxanthin stability enhancement

description: Astaxanthin is receiving commercial interest due to its use as a preferred pigment in aquaculture feeds. Its anti-oxidant activity is approximately 100 times higher than that of Beta-tocopherol, and can be used as a potential agent against cancer. Astaxanthin can easily be degraded by thermal or oxidative processes during the manufacture and storage. In this study, astaxanthin and its biological activity were protected against oxidative environmental conditions by encapsulating the homogenized cells in chitosan, a nontoxic and biodegradable natural polymer. H.pluvialis was formed into beads, which were then coated with 5 layers of chitosan film. The efficiency of this technique of encapsulation was as high as 99% and the resulting chitosan capsules have the mean diameter of 0.43 cm and the total film thickness of approximately 100 micrometres. No significant loss in the amount of astaxanthin content in H.pluvialis was found due to the process of encapsulation. However, approximately 3% loss of antioxidant activity of the H.pluvialis was observed after encapsulation. For the study of stability under different storage conditions, the best storage condition was found to be at -18 degree Celsius under nitrogen atmosphere in the dark. Results from this study showed that although encapusulation caused 3% loss of antioxidant activity, the longer term stability study of the dried algae biomass, beads, and capules under different storage conditions indicated that encapsulation of H.pluvailis in chitosan film was capable of protecting the algae cells from oxidative stresses.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1571
title: Vulcanization and properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber/nitrile rubber blends

description: The HNBR/NBR blends were prepared at ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 (wt%). The compounds by using a two-roll mixing mill at various ratios filled with two types of carbon black loading, GPF N-660 and SRF N-774 (fixed at 50 phr) were cured by three vulcanization systems: conventional vulcanization, efficient vulcanization and peroxide vulcanization. From the cure characteristics, the HNBR/NBR blends at 20 30%NBR cured by peroxide system exhibited maximum torque and the blends cured by EV system showed the lowest. The HNBR/NBR blends cured by peroxide system also exhibited the higher 100%modulus and tensile strength with lower elongation at break than that cured by sulfur system. The N-660 filled vulcanizate exhibited the better mechanical properties than filled N-774 vulcanizate. Thermal aging, ozone and oil resistance properties of HNBR/NBR blends decreased with increasing the NBR content. The HNBR/NBR blends cured by peroxide system showed the better heat stability than that cured by sulfur system. The cost of the HNBR/NBR blend using peroxide curing systems which have the superior mechanical properties showed the lowest cost of compound.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1572
title: ปัญหาการขนส่งสินค้าระบบตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ด้วยรถไฟ : เส้นทางสถานีบรรจุและแยกสินค้ากล่อง ลาดกระบัง-ท่าเรือแหลมฉบัง

description: การศึกษาวิจัยในครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ ศึกษาสภาพปัญหาในการขนส่งตู้คอนเทนเนอร์จาก ICD ลาดกระบังถึงท่าเรือแหลมฉบังผ่านทางรถไฟ และทำการศึกษาเปรียบเทียบความคิดเห็นของผู้รับสัมปทานที่ ICD ลาดกระบัง สายเรือผู้รับขนสินค้าระหว่างประเทศและผู้รับจัดการขนส่งสินค้าระหว่างประเทศ เกี่ยวกับปัญหาและแนวทางการปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพในการขนส่ง สร้างกรอบแนวคิดด้วยการศึกษาวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิจากเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้องและข้อมูลปฐมภูมิจากการสัมภาษณ์ผู้บริหารที่มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องแบบเจาะลึก นำมาวิเคราะห์เชิงคุณภาพได้ประเด็นปัญหา 3 ประเด็น ได้แก่ โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน การบริหารจัดการ และการบริการ จากนั้นทำการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลเพื่อการศึกษาวิจัยเชิงปริมาณด้วยแบบสอบถามจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างจำนวน 50 ตัวอย่าง แล้วนำมาวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางสถิติ เพื่อศึกษาเปรียบเทียบความคิดเห็นเกี่ยวกับปัญหาและแนวทางการปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพในการขนส่งตู้สินค้าคอนเทนเนอร์ทางรถไฟ ผลการศึกษา พบว่า ปัญหาด้านโครงสร้างพื้นฐานที่กลุ่มตัวอย่างทั้ง 3 กลุ่มพบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ ระบบทางเดี่ยว ทำให้เวลาในการขนส่งล่าช้า รองมาคือ รถจักรเก่ามีประสิทธิภาพในการขนส่งน้อยและขีดความสามารถของรถโบกี้บรรทุกตู้สินค้ารองรับน้ำหนักตู้สินค้าไม่เป็นมาตรฐานเดียวกัน ส่งผลให้ผู้ใช้บริการพบปัญหาในการจัดการเรื่องการยกขน ส่วนปัญหาด้านการบริหารจัดการกลุ่มตัวอย่างพบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ ปัญหาการขนย้ายเมื่อเปลี่ยนระบบการขนส่ง(Mode) ไปยังระบบอื่น เช่น เรือหรือรถยนต์ การประสานงานระหว่างหน่วยงานภายในไอซีดีและแหลมฉบังมีความล่าช้า สำหรับปัญหาด้านบริการที่พบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ ขีดความสามารถในการขนส่งไม่เพียงพอต่อความต้องการของผู้ใช้บริการ ความตรงต่อเวลา และภาพลักษณ์แบบระบบราชการที่มีเงื่อนไขและขั้นตอนซ้ำซ้อนไม่ได้รับความสะดวกเท่าที่ควร
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1573
title: AFTA's effects on international trade

description: The main purpose of this study was to make an assessment of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in regards to its effects on members’ trade. The scope of analysis is mainly limited to ASEAN-5 countries, but covers most of the history of the Association, from 1975 to the present. A review of trade statistics was performed with consideration for the dynamics of the product mix and direction of trade for this time period. In addition, innovative use of the gravity model of international trade was applied to regressions with careful consideration to potential trade determinates and related issues that are unique to the region. Comparisons of outputs are made across time periods and for both intra-regional and extra-regional trade samples and a comprehensive series of tests of AFTA’s significance for trade determination are applied. Evidence shows that AFTA is a positive and significant factor for ASEAN trade. Other findings of particular interest relate to the relationship between inward FDI and trade, trade growth in new manufacturing industries, and the clear differences in trade determination at different time periods and directions for ASEAN. Results also suggest that ASEAN’s most recent declarations for the future, in the form of the ASEAN Investment Area (AIA) and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), are correctly designed and should be conducive to their expresses goals. These continuing ASEAN integration efforts appropriately utilize a market-based, trade and investment restriction reduction approach conducive to stimulating competition and scale productivity gains.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1574
title: Structural and optical properties analysis of lattice-matched In[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x]P[subscript 1-y]N[aubscript y]/GaP single quantum well grown by MOVPE

description: In this thesis, structural and optical properties of the lattice-matched In[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x]P[subscript 1-y]N[subscript y]/GaP single quantum wells (SQWs) grown on GaP (001) substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) have been investigated. The effects of both well-which and compositional variations are established. The results from high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurements indicate that the lattice-matched In[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x]P[subscript 1-y]N[subscript y]/GaP SQWs were realized with excellent crystal quality and fairly flat interfaces. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show the visible light emission (yellow-red emission) from the SQWs. With decreasing well-width, the PL peak position and the absorption edge of PLE spectra exhibit the blue-shift in energy. This result confirms the quantum confinement effect by the well. On the other hand, with increasing In and N concentrations, the PL peak position and the absorption edge of PLE spectra exhibit the red-shift to lower energy, indicating the lowering of the InGaPN conduction band edge. The conduction band offset ([delta]E[subscript c]) of the InGaAPN/GaP quantum structure is estimated to be about 270-490 meV, which depends on the In and N concentrations in the well. However, the value of conduction band offset is limited by the large number of non-radiative defects caused in the high In and N incorporating samples.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1575
title: Incremental explanatory power of individual auditor's judgment over audit firm level factors on quality of audited financial statements of companies listed in the stock exchange of Thailand

description: The objective of this study is to investigate the incremental explanatory power of individual auditor,s judgment over audit firm level factors on quality of audited financial statements. The auditors in this study are Thai SEC approved auditors. The audited financial statements used as the sample in this study are from year 2001-2004. Firm level factors include size, client importance, number of listed companies responsibilities and corporate governance. Individual level factors are technical knowledge, and ethical level which is represented by DIT (Defining Issues Test). Multiple regression is used with dependent variable, quality of audited financial statements, represented by absolute value of discretionary accruals. Other methods such as interview, designed case, and questionnaires are also applied to gather important data. The results show that (1) Firm level factors that are associated with quality of audited financial statement are size, client importance and number of listed companies' responsibilities. (2) The results also support the hypothesis that individual auditor's judgment has an incremental explanatory power over audit firm level factors on quality of audited financial statements. (3) In term of individual auditor's judgment, high ethics as well as client importance create high quality of audited financial statements. If the auditor has high ethics, high client importance will not affect the quality. However, low ethics together with high client importance will affect the audit's quality.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1576
title: Study on the effects of mixed N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lecithins fed in rats on lipoproteins and fatty acids in plasma

description: The protective effect on cardiovascular disease of many nutrients including omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) is well established but it has not been investigated this effect in lecithin yet. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of lecithin which were extracted from fishmeal (LE-FM) containing with high n-3 PUFAs, e.g., C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and low n-6 PUFAs, e.g., C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6, soybean lecithin (LE-SB) and mixed LE-FM and LE-SB (w/w) in ratios of 1:1 (LE-FS 1:1) and 1:2 (LE-FS 1:2) on lipid profiles in normal rats. For the phospholipids analysis, LE-FM and LE-SB contained phosphatidylcholine (PC) 47.3% and 36.2%, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 17.9% and 46.3%, sphingomyelin (SM) 22.9% and 0% C18:2n-6 1.06% and 54.83%, C18:3n-3 0.37% and 4.93%, C20:5n-3 5.2% and 0% and C22:6n-3 21.11% and 0%, respectively. After 8 weeks administration of each lecihin, no change in plasma lipids was observed in normal rats. However, the group treated with LE-FM and LE-SB significantly decreased VLDL-TG/HDL-TG ratio when compared to control group, indicating that the rate of metabolite of TG-rich lipoprotein increased in the blood circulation. Moreover, VLDL and LDL particles size in normal rats treated with lecithin were decreased when compared to control group. In addition, HDL particles size in normal rats treated with lecithin was also decreased except HDL size of LE-SB group was increased when compared to control group. Such different effects were possibly influenced by dissimilarity of phospholipids subspecies: SM and PI in lecithin. In case of PUFAs, the ratio of serie-3 to serie-2 eicosanoid precursor fatty acids: C20:5n-3 + C22:6n-3 / C18:2n-6 + C20:2n-6 in plasma of normal rats treated with LE-FM was increased when compared to LE-SB group. These findings indicated that LE-FM had the protective effect on thrombogenicity and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, lecithin supplementation could be the beneficial effects to metabolism of plasma TG-rich lipoproteins.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1577
title: การเปรียบเทียบการตรวจหา monoclonality ของมะเร็งต่อมน้ำเหลืองชนิด Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) โดยวิธี immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction และ in situ hybridization

description: บทนำ: การวินิจฉัย MALT lymphoma ยังคงท้าทายเมื่อชิ้นเนื้อที่ถูกนำมาศึกษามีขนาดเล็ก (endoscopic biopsy speciment) จึงเป็นเรื่องที่ยากที่จะวินิจฉัย MALT lymphoma ด้วย histomorphology และ immunophenotype จึงนำไปสู่การตรวจวินิจฉัยด้วยเทคนิคทางอณูพันธุศาสตร์เพื่อช่วยในการวินิจฉัย จุดประสงค์ของงานวิจัยนี้ เพื่อเปรียบเทียบร้อยละในการตรวจหา monoclonality ของมะเร็งต่อมน้ำเหลืองชนิด Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) ระหว่างวิธี immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction และ in situ hybridization วิธีการทำวิจัย: ในการทำวิจัยในครั้งนี้ จะตรวจวินิจฉัยชิ้นเนื้อตัวอย่างที่มาจาก formalin fixed paraffin-embedded โดยได้รับการวินิจฉัยแล้วว่าเป็น MALT lymphoma ชิ้นเนื้อถูกย้อมด้วย kappa และ lambda antibody ที่จำเพาะต่อ Ig light chain ด้วยวิธี Automated IHC, kappa และ lambda mRNA light chain ด้วยวิธี Automated ISH ด้วย probe ที่เป็น fluorescein-tagged oligoprobes การตรวจสอบ monoclonality ด้วยเทคนิค PCR จะสกัด DNA จากชิ้นเนื้อตัวอย่างและใช้ consensus primer ต่อ framework 3 (Fr3) ของ V segments and และ consensus primer ต่อ J region ของ immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ผลการทดลอง: พบว่า มี 23 รายใน 43 ราย (53.5%) ที่สามารถตรวจพบผลบวก monoclonality ได้ด้วยวิธี IHC โดยแยกเป็น kappa light chain restriction 14 ราย และ lambda light chain restriction 9 ราย ในขณะที่วิธี ISH ตรวจพบผลบวก monoclonality ได้ 28 รายได้ 43 ราย (65.1%) โดยแยกเป็น kappa light chain restriction 17 ราย และ lambda light chain restriction 11 ราย และเทคนิค PCR สามารถตรวจพบผลบวก monoclonality ได้ 21 รายใน 43 ราย (48.8%) เมื่อนำทดสอบทางสถิติพบว่าทั้ง 3 วิธีไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p&gt;0.05) และพบว่ามี รายที่ตรวจไม่พบผลบวก monoclonality โดยทั้ง 3 วิธี สรุปผลการทดลอง : Automated ISH (65.1%) สามารถใช้ตรวจหา light chain expression ใน paraffin section และมีการตรวจพบผลบวก monoclonality ได้เหนือกว่า IHC (53.5%) ใน MALT lymphoma และมีร้อยละการตรวจพบที่มากกว่าเทคนิค PCR (48.8%) แต่ถ้าใช้ Automate IHC และ PCR รวมกัน 2 เทคนิคพบว่าสามารถตรวจพบผลบวก monoclonality ได้ในร้อยละที่สูง (81.4%) กว่าเทคนิคเพียงเทคนิคเดียวและมีความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p&lt;0.05) ในผู้ป่วย MALT lymphoma และเป็นเทคนิคที่มีราคาถูก