cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7924
title: Data from: Evidence for a trade-off between host-range breadth and host-use efficiency in aphid parasitoids

description: "The jack of all trades is a master of none" describes the
 widely held belief that engaging in many tasks comes at the cost of being
 unable to do those tasks well. However, empirical evidence for generalist
 fitness costs remains scarce. We used published data from a long-term
 field survey of aphid parasitoids to determine if relative specialists are
 more abundant than generalists on their shared hosts, a pattern that would
 be expected if generalists suffer a tradeoff between host-range breadth
 and host-use efficiency. Relative specialists were more abundant than
 generalists on their shared hosts, but only when we used a measure of
 specialization that accounts for the taxonomic differences among
 parasitoids' hosts. These results suggest that a
 generalist-specialist tradeoff exists within this group of parasitoids,
 and that the generalist fitness cost depends on the taxonomic breadth,
 rather than the number, of host species that are used.
description: Abundance of parasitoids
 on their aphid hostsparasitoid aphid
 data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r5954
title: Data from: Cheaper isn’t always worse: more protective isolates of a defensive symbiont are less costly to the aphid host

description: Defences against parasites are typically associated with costs to the host
 that contribute to the maintenance of variation in resistance. This also
 applies to the defence provided by the facultative bacterial endosymbiont
 Hamiltonella defensa, which protects its aphid hosts against parasitoid
 wasps while imposing life-history costs. To investigate the cost–benefit
 relationship within protected hosts, we introduced multiple isolates of H.
 defensa to the same genetic backgrounds of black bean aphids, Aphis fabae,
 and we quantified the protection against their parasitoid Lysiphlebus
 fabarum as well as the costs to the host (reduced lifespan and
 reproduction) in the absence of parasitoids. Surprisingly, we observed the
 opposite of a trade-off. Strongly protective isolates of H. defensa
 reduced lifespan and lifetime reproduction of unparasitized aphids to a
 lesser extent than weakly protective isolates. This finding has important
 implications for the evolution of defensive symbiosis and highlights the
 need for a better understanding of how strain variation in protective
 symbionts is maintained.
description: Data from: Experiment 1
 – protection against parasitoids conferred by different isolates of H.
 defensaparasitism.txtData from: Experiment 2 - life history costs induced by different isolates of H. defensalife-history_traits.txtData from: Experiment 3 - symbiont densitiessymbiont_densities.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r6rf8
title: Data from: Genetic diversity of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in the northwest Atlantic and southern Africa

description: The white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is both one of the largest apex
 predators in the world and among the most heavily protected marine fish.
 Population genetic diversity is in part shaped by recent demographic
 history and can thus provide information complementary to more traditional
 population assessments, which are difficult to obtain for white sharks and
 have at times been controversial. Here, we use the mitochondrial control
 region and 14 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci to assess white shark
 genetic diversity in 2 regions: the Northwest Atlantic (NWA, N = 35) and
 southern Africa (SA, N = 131). We find that these 2 regions harbor
 genetically distinct white shark populations (Φ ST = 0.10, P &lt;
 0.00001; microsatellite F ST = 0.1057, P &lt; 0.021). M-ratios were
 low and indicative of a genetic bottleneck in the NWA (M-ratio = 0.71, P
 &lt; 0.004) but not SA (M-ratio = 0.85, P = 0.39). This is consistent
 with other evidence showing a steep population decline occurring in the
 mid to late 20th century in the NWA, whereas the SA population appears to
 have been relatively stable. Estimates of effective population size ranged
 from 22.6 to 66.3 (NWA) and 188 to 1998.3 (SA) and evidence of inbreeding
 was found (primarily in NWA). Overall, our findings indicate that white
 population dynamics within NWA and SA are determined more by intrinsic
 reproduction than immigration and there is genetic evidence of a
 population decline in the NWA, further justifying the strong domestic
 protective measures that have been taken for this species in this region.
 Our study also highlights how assessment of genetic diversity can
 complement other sources of information to better understand the status of
 threatened marine fish populations.
description: White Shark
 microsatellite genotypesmicrosatellite genotypes
 of white shark individuals sampled in South Africa (SA) and the Northwest
 Atlantic (NWA)WS Data for
 Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r7v3s
title: Data from: Evolution of brain region volumes during artificial selection for relative brain size

description: The vertebrate brain shows an extremely conserved layout across taxa.
 Still, the relative sizes of separate brain regions vary markedly between
 species. One interesting pattern is that larger brains seem associated
 with increased relative sizes only of certain brain regions, for instance
 telencephalon and cerebellum. Till now, the evolutionary association
 between separate brain regions and overall brain size is based on
 comparative evidence and remains experimentally untested. Here we test the
 evolutionary response of brain regions to directional selection on brain
 size in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) selected for large and small
 relative brain size. In these animals, artificial selection led to a fast
 response in relative brain size, while body size remained unchanged. We
 use micro-CT to investigate how the volumes of 11 main brain regions
 respond to selection for larger vs. smaller brains. We found no
 differences in relative brain region volumes between large- and
 small-brained animals and only minor sex-specific variation. Also,
 selection did not change allometric scaling between brain and brain region
 sizes. Our results suggest that brain regions respond similarly to strong
 directional selection on relative brain size, which indicates that brain
 anatomy variation in contemporary species most likely stem from direct
 selection on key regions.
description: Kotrschal et al.
 Evolution Brainregionsizes
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j2t44
title: Data from: Cross-generational effects of male reproductive success and offspring immunocompetence in Drosophila melanogaster

description: In some species where males make no direct contribution to a female’s
 lifetime reproductive success, females choose mates based on the indirect
 benefits manifested in their offspring. One trait that may be subject to
 this sexual selection is immunocompetence (the ability to mount an immune
 response following exposure to pathogens); however, the results of
 previous work on its link to male attractiveness have been ambiguous.
 Herein we examine the life history consequences of mating with males with
 a history of failure or success in reproductive competitions in Drosophila
 melanogaster. By examining egg-to-adult survival, body weights, and
 bacterial loads of offspring reared in either the absence or presence of a
 bacterial pathogen, we were able to examine whether sire reproductive
 success was associated with their offsprings’ ability to respond to an
 immunological challenge and other life history traits. Our results are
 partially consistent with the predictions of the “immunocompetence
 handicap hypothesis”: competitively successful males (“studs”) sire male
 offspring that are better able to handle an immunological challenge than
 those sired by competitively unsuccessful males (“duds”). However, our
 assay also revealed the opposite pattern in female offspring, suggestive
 of the complicating presence of alleles with sexually antagonistic effects
 on the expression of this important life history trait.
description: Analysis
 CodesCodes used in our
 analyses.Guncay_et_al_R_codes.RBacterial loads in non-virgin female flies (Major Experiment)Bacterial loads in non-virgin female flies (Major Experiment)bac1_females.csvBacterial loads in non-virgin male flies (Major Experiment)Bacterial loads in non-virgin male flies (Major Experiment)bac1_males.csvBacterial loads in virgin males (follow-up experiment)Bacterial loads in virgin males (follow-up experiment)BAC1M.csvBacterial loads in virgin females (follow-up experiment)Bacterial loads in virgin females (follow-up experiment)BAC1F.csvWeights of males and femalesWeights of males and femalesweight_results1.csvSurvivorship dataSurvivorship datasurvivors_1.csvMating history bacterial load data (follow-up experiment)Mating history bacterial load data (follow-up experiment)mating_history.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mq8nc
title: Data from: Epistatic interactions determine the mutational pathways and coexistence of lineages in clonal Escherichia coli populations

description: Understanding how diversity emerges in a single niche is not fully
 understood. Rugged fitness landscapes and epistasis between beneficial
 mutations could explain coexistence amongst emerging lineages. To provide
 an experimental test of this notion, we investigated epistasis amongst
 four pleiotropic mutations in rpoS, mglD, malT and hfq present in two
 coexisting lineages that repeatedly fixed in experimental populations of
 Escherichia coli. The mutations were transferred into the ancestral
 background individually or in combination of double or triple alleles. The
 combined competitive fitness of two or three beneficial mutations from the
 same lineage was consistently lower than the sum of the competitive
 fitness of single mutants – a clear indication of negative epistasis
 within lineages. We also found sign epistasis (i.e. the combined fitness
 of two beneficial mutations lower than the ancestor), not only from two
 different lineages (i.e. hfq and rpoS) but also from the same lineage
 (i.e. mglD and malT). The sign epistasis between loci of different
 lineages indeed indicated a rugged fitness landscape, providing an
 epistatic explanation for the coexistence of distinct rpoS and hfq
 lineages in evolving populations. The negative and sign epistasis between
 beneficial mutations within the same lineage can further explain the order
 of mutation acquisition.
description: Maharjan_Evolution_dataFitness and fixation of mutations in Escherichia coli populations evolving under glucose-limited chemostats - data were based on experimental observation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.72mn4
title: Data from: Diversity and palaeoecology of the enigmatic genus Knebelia (Eucrustacea, Decapoda, Eryonidae) from Upper Jurassic plattenkalks in southern Germany

description: For a long time, the genus Knebelia Van Straelen, 1922 has comprised two
 species of eryonid lobster, K. bilobata (Münster, 1839) and K. schuberti
 (Meyer, 1836), both recorded exclusively from Late Jurassic Lagerstätten
 in southern Germany. Recently, the latter has been suggested to represent
 a juvenile individual of Cycleryon propinquus (Schlotheim, 1822). A
 re-examination of the type and new material has led to our rejection of
 that interpretation and confirmation of assignment of this species to
 Knebelia. Two specimens, both possessing short frontal lobes, from
 plattenkalks at Nusplingen (late Kimmeridgian) and at Solnhofen (early
 Tithonian), respectively, are here assigned to a new species, K. totoroi
 sp. nov. This new species and a review of K. bilobata have furnished new
 insights into the origin and function of the frontal lobes, which are
 expansions articulated to the front of the carapace. They probably
 functioned as rudders facilitating ‘tail-flip swimming’ as observed in the
 paddle-like antennae of extant scyllarids (Eucrustacea, Decapoda,
 Scyllaridae). The rudder-like lobes identified in Knebelia may therefore
 represent a case of convergent evolution.
description: Appendix on comparative
 morphology of Knebelia species.This table shows all
 characters used in the description of the three recognized species of
 Knebelia Van Straelen, 1922: Knebelia bilobata (Münster, 1839), the type
 species; Knebelia schuberti (Meyer, 1836); Knebelia totoroi Audo,
 Schweigert & Charbonnier, in press. Data comes from samples preserved
 in collections of Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und
 historische Geologie (Munich, Germany), Jura-Museum (Eichstätt, Germany),
 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde (Stuttgart, Germany), Museum national
 d'Histoire naturelle (Paris, France), Natural History Museum (London,
 United Kingdom) and Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences - Cambridge
 University (Cambridge, United Kingdom).appendix.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1h2h0
title: Data from: Genetic background and GxE interactions modulate the penetrance of a naturally occurring wing mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

description: Many genes involved in producing complex traits are incompletely
 penetrant. One such example is vesiculated, an X-linked gene in Drosophila
 melanogaster that results in wing defects. To examine the genetic
 architecture of a complex trait (wings containing vesicles), we placed a
 naturally occurring variant into multiple autosomal backgrounds and
 quantified penetrance and expressivity at a range of developmental
 temperatures. We found significant epistasis, genotype-by-environment
 interactions, and maternal effects. Sex and temperature effects were
 modulated by genetic background. The severity of wing phenotypes also
 varied across different genetic backgrounds and expressivity was
 positively correlated with penetrance. We also found evidence of naturally
 segregating suppressors of vesiculated. These suppressors were present on
 both the 2nd and 3rd chromosomes, and complex interactions were observed.
 Taken together, these findings indicate that multiple genetic and
 environmental factors modulate the phenotypic effects of a naturally
 occurring vesiculated allele.
description: Lachance et al 2013 G3
 vesiculated penetrance dataPhenotype data for
 suppressor screens, reaction norms, and paternal effects. Wing scores are
 in the format (left score, right score). For example: (0,2) indicates a
 fly with a wild-type left wing and a right wing that contains a large
 vesicle.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1h0b7
title: Data from: Evidence of genetic change in the flowering phenology of sea beets along a latitudinal cline within two decades

description: Sea beets grown from seeds collected in 1989 and 2009 along the coasts of
 France and adjacent regions were compared for flowering date under
 controlled conditions. Seeds from both collection years were sown
 simultaneously and cultivated under the same glasshouse conditions. Date
 of flowering onset and year of first flowering were recorded. There was an
 overall northward shift in flowering time of about 0.35° latitude (i.e. 39
 km) over the 20 year period. The southern portion of the latitudinal
 gradient — i.e. from 44.7°N to 47.28°N — flowered significantly later by a
 mean of 1.78 days, equivalent to a 43.2 km northward shift of phenotypes.
 In the northern latitudes between 48.6°N and 52°N, flowering date was
 significantly earlier by a mean of 4.04 days, corresponding to a mean
 northward shift of 104.9 km, and this shift was apparently due to a
 diminished requirement of exposure to cold temperatures (i.e.
 vernalization), for which we found direct and indirect evidence. As all
 plants were grown from seed under identical conditions, we conclude that
 genetic changes occurred in the sensitivity to environmental cues that
 mediate the onset of flowering in both the northern and the southern
 latitudes of the gradient. Microevolution and gene flow may have
 contributed to this change. There was no significant change in the
 frequency of plants that flowered without vernalization. The lack of
 vernalization requirement may be associated with environmental instability
 rather than with climate conditions.
description: Sea beet flowering
 phenology JEB 2014Glasshouse
 observations
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5vr51
title: Data from: Socially flexible female choice and premating isolation in field crickets (Teleogryllus spp.)

description: Social influences on mate choice are predicted to influence evolutionary
 divergence of closely-related taxa, because of the key role mate choice
 plays in reproductive isolation. However, it is unclear whether females
 choosing between heterospecific and conspecific male signals use
 previously experienced social information in the same manner or to the
 same extent that they do when discriminating among conspecific mates only.
 We tested this using two field cricket sister species (Teleogryllus
 oceanicus and T. commodus) in which considerable information is known
 about the role of male calling song in premating isolation, in addition to
 the influence of acoustic experience on the development of reproductive
 traits. We manipulated the acoustic experience of replicate populations of
 both species and found, unexpectedly, that experience of male calling song
 during rearing did not change how accurate females were in choosing a
 conspecific over a heterospecific male song during playback trials.
 However, females with acoustic experience were considerably less
 responsive to male song compared to naïve females. Our results suggest
 that variation in the acoustic environment affects mate choice in both
 species, but that it may have a limited impact on premating isolation. The
 fact that social flexibility during interspecific mate discrimination does
 not appear to operate identically to that which occurs during conspecific
 mate discrimination highlights the importance of considering the context
 in which animals exercise socially flexible mating behaviours. We suggest
 an explanation for why social flexibility might be context-dependent, and
 discuss the consequences of such flexibility for the evolution of
 reproductive isolation.
description: Bailey_Macleod_AccuracyFemale accuracy data in SAS format.Bailey_Macleod_LatencyFemale latency data in SAS format.Bailey_Macleod_ResponsivenessFemale responsiveness data in SAS format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qt0jq
title: Data from: A spatially integrated framework for assessing socioecological drivers of carnivore decline

description: Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation are key threats to the
 long-term persistence of carnivores, which are also susceptible to direct
 persecution by people. Integrating natural and social science methods to
 examine how habitat configuration/quality and human–predator relations may
 interact in space and time to effect carnivore populations within
 human-dominated landscapes will help prioritise conservation investment
 and action effectively. We propose a socioecological modelling framework
 to evaluate drivers of carnivore decline in landscapes where predators and
 people coexist. By collecting social and ecological data at the same
 spatial scale, candidate models can be used to quantify and tease apart
 the relative importance of different threats. We apply our methodological
 framework to an empirical case study, the threatened güiña (Leopardus
 guigna) in the temperate forest ecoregion of southern Chile, to illustrate
 its use. Existing literature suggests that the species is declining due to
 habitat loss, fragmentation and persecution in response to livestock
 predation. Data used in modelling were derived from four seasons of
 camera-trap surveys, remote-sensed images and household questionnaires.
 Occupancy dynamics were explained by habitat configuration/quality
 covariates rather than by human–predator relations. Güiñas can tolerate a
 high degree of habitat loss (&gt;80% within a home range). They are
 primarily impacted by fragmentation and land subdivision (larger farms
 being divided into smaller ones). Ten per cent of surveyed farmers (N =
 233) reported illegally killing the species over the past decade.
 Synthesis and applications. By integrating ecological and social data,
 collected at the same spatial scale, within a single modelling framework,
 our study demonstrates the value of an interdisciplinary approach to
 assessing the potential threats to a carnivore. It has allowed us to tease
 apart effectively the relative importance of different potential
 extinction pressures for the güiña (Leopardus guigna), make informed
 conservation recommendations and prioritise where future interventions
 should be targeted. We have identified that human-dominated landscapes
 with large intensive farms can be of conservation value, as long as an
 appropriate network of habitat patches is maintained within the matrix.
 Conservation efforts to secure the long-term persistence of the species
 should focus on reducing habitat fragmentation rather than human
 persecution.
description: OccupancyData_Covars_NGalvez_JAPPDetection/ non-detection data of occupancy models plus covariates. First lines are the headings. Each line represents a sampling unit that includes the sampling occasions (e.g. 1-1 first season first sampling occasion) followed by the covariates described in the paper.OccupancyData_Covars_NGalvezr_JAPP.txtRRT_Ngalvez_JAPPRRT data. First line are the headings. Second column are the RRT results (0 no; 1 yes). Following columns are the identification of the covariables.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq080
title: Data from: Egg viability, mating frequency and male mating ability evolve in populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for resistance to cold shock

description: Background: Ability to resist temperature shock is an important component
 of fitness of insects and other ectotherms. Increased resistance to
 temperature shock is known to affect life-history traits. Temperature
 shock is also known to affect reproductive traits such as mating ability
 and viability of gametes. Therefore selection for increased temperature
 shock resistance can affect the evolution of reproductive traits. Methods:
 We selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for
 resistance to cold shock. We then investigated the evolution of
 reproductive behavior along with other components of fitness- larval
 survivorship, adult mortality, fecundity, egg viability in these
 populations. Results: We found that larval survivorship, adult mortality
 and fecundity post cold shock were not significantly different between
 selected and control populations. However, compared to the control
 populations, the selected populations laid significantly higher percentage
 of fertile eggs (egg viability) 24 hours post cold shock. The selected
 populations had higher mating frequency both with and without cold shock.
 After being subjected to cold shock, males from the selected populations
 successfully mated with significantly more non-virgin females and sired
 significantly more progeny compared to control males. Conclusions: A
 number of studies have reported the evolution of survivorship in response
 to selection for temperature shock resistance. Our results clearly
 indicate that adaptation to cold shock can involve changes in components
 of reproductive fitness. Our results have important implications for our
 understanding of how reproductive behavior can evolve in response to
 thermal stress.
description: Singh et al
 dataContains data from four
 experiments reported in the paper.