cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4781947
title: Corpus de novelas hispanoamericanas del siglo XIX (conha19) - TXM corpus

description: This is a version of the corpus <strong>conha19</strong> which has been prepared for the text analysis tool <strong>TXM</strong> (see http://textometrie.ens-lyon.fr/). Conha19 consists of 256 novels written by Argentine, Cuban, and Mexican authors or published in the respective countries between 1830 and 1910. Of these novels, 234 are published in this TXM corpus, as they are in the public domain. The corpus has been prepared primarily to allow for the analysis of subgenres, especially thematic subgenres (historical novel, sentimental novel, etc.) and literary currents (such as romantic, realist, and naturalistic novels), but can be reused for other purposes (e.g. analysis of the style of individual authors, by country, or period). For details about the contents of the corpus see the metadata file (metadata.csv) below. Conha19 was created for the dissertation "Genre Analysis and Corpus Design: 19th Century Spanish American Novels (1830-1910)", written by Ulrike Henny-Krahmer, which in turn was realized as part of the junior research group "Computational Literary Genres Stylistics" (CLiGS), a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and hosted at the University of Würzburg between 2015 and 2020. For the version offered here, the corpus has been saved in a binary format (the file conha19.txm) that can be directly loaded into the text analysis tool TXM. It includes linguistic annotations which have been generated with the tool FreeLing (v4.0, see http://nlp.lsi.upc.edu/freeling) and the WordNet API of NLTK (see https://www.nltk.org/howto/wordnet.html).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4781946
title: Corpus de novelas hispanoamericanas del siglo XIX (conha19) - TXM corpus

description: This is a version of the corpus <strong>conha19</strong> which has been prepared for the text analysis tool <strong>TXM</strong> (see http://textometrie.ens-lyon.fr/). Conha19 consists of 256 novels written by Argentine, Cuban, and Mexican authors or published in the respective countries between 1830 and 1910. Of these novels, 234 are published in this TXM corpus, as they are in the public domain. The corpus has been prepared primarily to allow for the analysis of subgenres, especially thematic subgenres (historical novel, sentimental novel, etc.) and literary currents (such as romantic, realist, and naturalistic novels), but can be reused for other purposes (e.g. analysis of the style of individual authors, by country, or period). For details about the contents of the corpus see the metadata file (metadata.csv) below. Conha19 was created for the dissertation "Genre Analysis and Corpus Design: 19th Century Spanish American Novels (1830-1910)", written by Ulrike Henny-Krahmer, which in turn was realized as part of the junior research group "Computational Literary Genres Stylistics" (CLiGS), a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and hosted at the University of Würzburg between 2015 and 2020. For the version offered here, the corpus has been saved in a binary format (the file conha19.txm) that can be directly loaded into the text analysis tool TXM. It includes linguistic annotations which have been generated with the tool FreeLing (v4.0, see http://nlp.lsi.upc.edu/freeling) and the WordNet API of NLTK (see https://www.nltk.org/howto/wordnet.html).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14651490
title: Data for the study "Latent toxoplasmosis is associated with a higher level of perceived stress in men but not women, is not associated with anxiety and is associated with worse mental health"

description: Latent and probably life-long infection with <i>Toxoplasma</i>, which affects about one-third of the human population, has many specific effects on the personality and behavior of infected humans. The stress-coping hypothesis was suggested to explain why many of the toxoplasmosis-associated behavioral changes go in opposite directions in men and women. This hypothesis suggests that toxoplasmosis impairs the health of humans, which results in mild chronic stress. It is known that men and women cope with stress in opposite ways. The first presumption of the hypothesis, impaired health, has been confirmed in many studies over the past 15 years. The second, higher level of stress in infected subjects, has been tested only rarely. Here we compared levels of stress, measured with the Perceived Stress Scale, and anxiety, measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2, in a nonclinical population of 614 <i>Toxoplasma</i>-free and 162 <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected subjects. We found a higher level of stress in men, but not in women. However, we also found that physical health had a positive rather than negative effect on stress when mental health is controlled, which seems to contradict the prediction of the original stress-coping hypothesis. No differences were found in the anxiety of infected and noninfected men or women. In agreement with previously published data, both <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected Rh-negative men and women had worse mental health than corresponding <i>Toxoplasma</i>-free controls.Between 28. 9. 2020 and 13. 4. 2021, the questionnaire was completed or partially completed by 6000 subjects, 5200 of them during October and November 2020. After filtering out all subjects who were younger than 18, did not provide information about toxoplasmosis or Rh phenotype, skipped more than four questions in STAI or more than two questions in PSS, or answered nearly all questions in STAI or PSS with the same code, we calculated average anxiety and stress as the arithmetic means of answers of STAI and PSS questionnaire (after the inversion of scales of questions 1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 for STAI and 4, 5, 7, 8 for PSS). These means were multiplied by the number of questions in a particular questionnaire (20 in the case of STAI and 10 in the case of PSS) to allow comparison to published data. The final data set contained data from 776 subjects who mostly completed both questionnaires. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14651490.v1
title: Data for the study "Latent toxoplasmosis is associated with a higher level of perceived stress in men but not women, is not associated with anxiety and is associated with worse mental health"

description: Latent and probably life-long infection with <i>Toxoplasma</i>, which affects about one-third of the human population, has many specific effects on the personality and behavior of infected humans. The stress-coping hypothesis was suggested to explain why many of the toxoplasmosis-associated behavioral changes go in opposite directions in men and women. This hypothesis suggests that toxoplasmosis impairs the health of humans, which results in mild chronic stress. It is known that men and women cope with stress in opposite ways. The first presumption of the hypothesis, impaired health, has been confirmed in many studies over the past 15 years. The second, higher level of stress in infected subjects, has been tested only rarely. Here we compared levels of stress, measured with the Perceived Stress Scale, and anxiety, measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2, in a nonclinical population of 614 <i>Toxoplasma</i>-free and 162 <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected subjects. We found a higher level of stress in men, but not in women. However, we also found that physical health had a positive rather than negative effect on stress when mental health is controlled, which seems to contradict the prediction of the original stress-coping hypothesis. No differences were found in the anxiety of infected and noninfected men or women. In agreement with previously published data, both <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected Rh-negative men and women had worse mental health than corresponding <i>Toxoplasma</i>-free controls.Between 28. 9. 2020 and 13. 4. 2021, the questionnaire was completed or partially completed by 6000 subjects, 5200 of them during October and November 2020. After filtering out all subjects who were younger than 18, did not provide information about toxoplasmosis or Rh phenotype, skipped more than four questions in STAI or more than two questions in PSS, or answered nearly all questions in STAI or PSS with the same code, we calculated average anxiety and stress as the arithmetic means of answers of STAI and PSS questionnaire (after the inversion of scales of questions 1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 for STAI and 4, 5, 7, 8 for PSS). These means were multiplied by the number of questions in a particular questionnaire (20 in the case of STAI and 10 in the case of PSS) to allow comparison to published data. The final data set contained data from 776 subjects who mostly completed both questionnaires. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9918716
title: Insurance schemes for loss and damage: fools’ gold?

description: Insurance schemes are a widely supported form of finance mechanism to address climate change-induced loss and damage, and are part of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage. This paper reviews active insurance schemes for loss and damage by exploring existing critiques. Novel insights into the fundamental challenges that insurance schemes face are then examined, in particular in the context of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, intergenerational equity, economic and gender inequality, and human mobility. The analysis concludes that, despite their popularity among policy makers, insurance schemes seem ill-suited to address the full range of loss and damage. Therefore, pursuing these schemes, without backstopping from international finance, might undermine the objective of responding to loss and damage in a comprehensive manner. Consequently, it may be advisable for policy makers to consider how to overcome the apparent challenges in order to ‘insure the uninsurable’. <b>Key policy insights</b>Existing insurance schemes are ill-suited to fully respond to climate change loss and damage, given the increased frequency and severity of sudden onset events, slow onset events, and non-economic losses and damages.Insurance schemes fail to align with principles enshrined in the climate change regime, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) and intergenerational equity.Insurance products do not take economic inequality or gender considerations into account and loss and damage stemming from human mobility does not lend itself to insurance solutions as currently conceived, in certain circumstances.If insurance continues to be pursued as a response to loss and damage, it requires a major overhaul with innovative approaches.Policy makers must consider sourcing new and additional finance, reflecting the principle of CBDR-RC. Existing insurance schemes are ill-suited to fully respond to climate change loss and damage, given the increased frequency and severity of sudden onset events, slow onset events, and non-economic losses and damages. Insurance schemes fail to align with principles enshrined in the climate change regime, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) and intergenerational equity. Insurance products do not take economic inequality or gender considerations into account and loss and damage stemming from human mobility does not lend itself to insurance solutions as currently conceived, in certain circumstances. If insurance continues to be pursued as a response to loss and damage, it requires a major overhaul with innovative approaches. Policy makers must consider sourcing new and additional finance, reflecting the principle of CBDR-RC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9918716.v1
title: Insurance schemes for loss and damage: fools’ gold?

description: Insurance schemes are a widely supported form of finance mechanism to address climate change-induced loss and damage, and are part of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage. This paper reviews active insurance schemes for loss and damage by exploring existing critiques. Novel insights into the fundamental challenges that insurance schemes face are then examined, in particular in the context of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, intergenerational equity, economic and gender inequality, and human mobility. The analysis concludes that, despite their popularity among policy makers, insurance schemes seem ill-suited to address the full range of loss and damage. Therefore, pursuing these schemes, without backstopping from international finance, might undermine the objective of responding to loss and damage in a comprehensive manner. Consequently, it may be advisable for policy makers to consider how to overcome the apparent challenges in order to ‘insure the uninsurable’. <b>Key policy insights</b>Existing insurance schemes are ill-suited to fully respond to climate change loss and damage, given the increased frequency and severity of sudden onset events, slow onset events, and non-economic losses and damages.Insurance schemes fail to align with principles enshrined in the climate change regime, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) and intergenerational equity.Insurance products do not take economic inequality or gender considerations into account and loss and damage stemming from human mobility does not lend itself to insurance solutions as currently conceived, in certain circumstances.If insurance continues to be pursued as a response to loss and damage, it requires a major overhaul with innovative approaches.Policy makers must consider sourcing new and additional finance, reflecting the principle of CBDR-RC. Existing insurance schemes are ill-suited to fully respond to climate change loss and damage, given the increased frequency and severity of sudden onset events, slow onset events, and non-economic losses and damages. Insurance schemes fail to align with principles enshrined in the climate change regime, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) and intergenerational equity. Insurance products do not take economic inequality or gender considerations into account and loss and damage stemming from human mobility does not lend itself to insurance solutions as currently conceived, in certain circumstances. If insurance continues to be pursued as a response to loss and damage, it requires a major overhaul with innovative approaches. Policy makers must consider sourcing new and additional finance, reflecting the principle of CBDR-RC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8858213
title: How to reach an elusive INDC target: macro-economic implications of carbon taxation and emissions trading in Turkey

description: This paper employs a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyse how a carbon tax and/or a national Emissions Trading System (ETS) would affect macroeconomic parameters in Turkey. The modelling work is based on three main policy options for the government by 2030, in the context of Turkey’s mitigation target under its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), that is, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 21% from its Business as Usual (BAU) scenario in 2030: (i) improving the productivity of renewable energy by 1% per annum, a target already included in the INDC, (ii) introducing a new flat rate tax of 15% per ton of CO<sub>2</sub> (of a reference carbon price in world markets) imposed on emissions originating from carbon-intensive sectors, and (iii) introducing a new ETS with caps on emission permits. Our base path scenario projects that GHG emissions in 2030 will be much lower than Turkey’s BAU trajectory of growth from 430 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2013 to 1.175 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq by 2030, implying that the government’s commitment is largely redundant. On the other hand, if the official target is assumed to be only a simple reduction percentage in 2030 (by 21%), but based on our more realistic base path, the government’s current renewable energy plans will not be sufficient to reach it. Turkey’s official INDC is based on over-optimistic assumptions of GDP growth and a highly carbon-intensive development pathway;A carbon tax and/or an ETS would be required to reach the 21% reduction target over a realistic base path scenario for 2030;The policy options considered in this paper have some effects on major sectors’ shares in total value-added. Yet the reduction in the shares of agriculture, industry, and transportation does not go beyond 1%, while the service sector seems to benefit from most of the policy options;Overall employment would be affected positively by the renewable energy target, carbon tax, and ETS through the creation of new jobs;Unemployment rates are lower, economic growth is stronger, and households become better off to a larger extent under an ETS than carbon taxation. Turkey’s official INDC is based on over-optimistic assumptions of GDP growth and a highly carbon-intensive development pathway; A carbon tax and/or an ETS would be required to reach the 21% reduction target over a realistic base path scenario for 2030; The policy options considered in this paper have some effects on major sectors’ shares in total value-added. Yet the reduction in the shares of agriculture, industry, and transportation does not go beyond 1%, while the service sector seems to benefit from most of the policy options; Overall employment would be affected positively by the renewable energy target, carbon tax, and ETS through the creation of new jobs; Unemployment rates are lower, economic growth is stronger, and households become better off to a larger extent under an ETS than carbon taxation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8858213.v1
title: How to reach an elusive INDC target: macro-economic implications of carbon taxation and emissions trading in Turkey

description: This paper employs a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyse how a carbon tax and/or a national Emissions Trading System (ETS) would affect macroeconomic parameters in Turkey. The modelling work is based on three main policy options for the government by 2030, in the context of Turkey’s mitigation target under its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), that is, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 21% from its Business as Usual (BAU) scenario in 2030: (i) improving the productivity of renewable energy by 1% per annum, a target already included in the INDC, (ii) introducing a new flat rate tax of 15% per ton of CO<sub>2</sub> (of a reference carbon price in world markets) imposed on emissions originating from carbon-intensive sectors, and (iii) introducing a new ETS with caps on emission permits. Our base path scenario projects that GHG emissions in 2030 will be much lower than Turkey’s BAU trajectory of growth from 430 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2013 to 1.175 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq by 2030, implying that the government’s commitment is largely redundant. On the other hand, if the official target is assumed to be only a simple reduction percentage in 2030 (by 21%), but based on our more realistic base path, the government’s current renewable energy plans will not be sufficient to reach it. Turkey’s official INDC is based on over-optimistic assumptions of GDP growth and a highly carbon-intensive development pathway;A carbon tax and/or an ETS would be required to reach the 21% reduction target over a realistic base path scenario for 2030;The policy options considered in this paper have some effects on major sectors’ shares in total value-added. Yet the reduction in the shares of agriculture, industry, and transportation does not go beyond 1%, while the service sector seems to benefit from most of the policy options;Overall employment would be affected positively by the renewable energy target, carbon tax, and ETS through the creation of new jobs;Unemployment rates are lower, economic growth is stronger, and households become better off to a larger extent under an ETS than carbon taxation. Turkey’s official INDC is based on over-optimistic assumptions of GDP growth and a highly carbon-intensive development pathway; A carbon tax and/or an ETS would be required to reach the 21% reduction target over a realistic base path scenario for 2030; The policy options considered in this paper have some effects on major sectors’ shares in total value-added. Yet the reduction in the shares of agriculture, industry, and transportation does not go beyond 1%, while the service sector seems to benefit from most of the policy options; Overall employment would be affected positively by the renewable energy target, carbon tax, and ETS through the creation of new jobs; Unemployment rates are lower, economic growth is stronger, and households become better off to a larger extent under an ETS than carbon taxation.
DOI: 10.21227/ehnw-0m03
title: data

description: The InSAR processing result,GPS result,gray model predicted result and Gray-Markov model predicted result
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8261957.v2
title: Beyond peak emission transfers: historical impacts of globalization and future impacts of climate policies on international emission transfers

description: Globalization of supply chains has resulted in rapid increases in emission transfers from the developing to the developed world. As outsourcing has risen, developed countries have been able to decarbonize domestically, at the expense of increased emissions in developing countries. However, the rapid improvement of carbon efficiency in developing regions together with the post-2008 deceleration in international trade raises the question of whether such embodied emission transfers have peaked. Here we update historical analysis, finding that emission transfers between OECD and non-OECD countries peaked in 2006, and have been declining since. The reversal is principally due to the reduction in the emissions intensity of traded goods, rather than the volume of trade. A more recent decline in embodied emissions transfers is also observed in trade between developing countries. We analyse whether these trends are likely to continue, by exploring a baseline and a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) scenario with the Macro-econometric Energy-Environment-Economy Model (E3ME) model. The results suggest that absolute embodied emissions will plateau at current levels or slowly return to pre-2008- crisis levels, and differences between the NDC and baseline scenarios imply that NDC policies will not result in significant carbon leakage. However, the share of national footprint embodied in imports, at least for countries with ambitious decarbonization policies, will likely increase. This suggests that, despite the world-wide stabilization of emissions transfers, addressing emissions embodied in imports will become increasingly important for reducing carbon footprints. <b>Key policy insights</b>Emissions embodied in imports have plateaued since 2006, and are unlikely to return to the peak of the mid-2000s.For developed countries, as domestic decarbonization occurs, the share of emissions embodied in imports as a percentage of the total national carbon footprint will increase.The Paris NDCs in themselves are unlikely to cause significant carbon leakage.Climate policy will ideally focus on reducing both production and consumption emissions, through a variety of mechanisms, especially centred around international assistance. Emissions embodied in imports have plateaued since 2006, and are unlikely to return to the peak of the mid-2000s. For developed countries, as domestic decarbonization occurs, the share of emissions embodied in imports as a percentage of the total national carbon footprint will increase. The Paris NDCs in themselves are unlikely to cause significant carbon leakage. Climate policy will ideally focus on reducing both production and consumption emissions, through a variety of mechanisms, especially centred around international assistance.