DOI: 10.15125/bath-01462
title: Dataset for "Smartphone scanning is a reliable and accurate alternative to contemporary residual limb measurement techniques"

description: This dataset is composed of four files, each detailing measurements taken with a range of 3D scanning applications of ten residual limbs. These measurements include the perimeter, area, and volume of limbs in addition to their RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) compared to a baseline criterion scan. All of these measurements were performed in Artec Studio 12, by splitting residuum scans into ten evenly-space sections along the relevant portion of the limb. Two types of measurement are collected; Naive, in which the scans are scaled solely using the reference object captured in the scan data, and Optimal, in which the scans are scaled relative to the captured criterion scans. The latter considers a best-case scenario that isolates the efficacy of the geometry captured, minimising the impact of human-error when scaling the scan data.

Compiled Environment Data - Scan data from 4 different applications and the criterion gathered from a transtibial plaster cast model, containing measurements of section data pertaining to perimeter, cross-sectional area and volume, across several different environments with disparate lighting conditions. These are split into Naive (N) and Optimal (O) datasets. Each application is listed under 'Scan Name', with their repeated scans labeled 1-3. 'PolycamPG' and 'LumaPG' relate to the web versions of each application discussed.

Compiled Participant Data - Scan data across 10 different residual limbs for each application, against the criterion scanner.  This file contains all section data pertaining to the perimeter, cross-sectional area, and volume for each participant in the study. These are split into Naive (N) and Optimal (O) datasets. Each application is listed under 'Scan Name', with their repeated scans labeled 1-3. 'PolycamPG' and 'LumaPG' relate to the web versions of each application discussed.

Reliability and Validity Data- A compilation of the Participant Validity and Reliability Data included in the previous dataset, condensed into a dedicated file for the readers convenience.

RMSE Data- A collection of all RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) data collected from participant scans. All scans were compared against a baseline Artec scan, and relevant values were collected and stored in this data sheet. Comparisons were made between the tops and bottoms (anterior and posterior) sides of the residual limbs.
description: Ten residual limbs across seven participants were scanned using a criterion Artec EVA scanner, and an Apple iPhone 12 using a range of scanning applications. These scanning applications were Polycam, Luma, and Meshroom. Both Polycam and Luma also had web-based equivalents, for which a separate set of photos were created to be uploaded to their servers following scanning. Each scan was conducted three times so the repeatability of each scanning application could be evaluated. Each participant was scanned at least ten minutes following the doffing of their prosthesis, to allow swelling to plateau prior to commencement of scanning. A set of fiducial markers were stuck to the residual limb to aid tracking and alignment, as well as a reference object to aid in correct scaling of the limb. The scans were conducted in random order, and the participant was asked to remain as motionless as possible whilst each scan took place. On average, scans took 2-4 minutes each, and a total of 18 scans per participant across repetitions and applications were conducted. Between 80-150 frames were captured for each of the smartphone scans, the range of which was proven to have a negligible impact on the outcomes of the scans.
description: Collected scans were post-processed in Blender (v 3.3.1), to remove irrelevant data such as the participants torso, to remove miscellaneous/broken geometry, and scale meshes. Two distinct scaling methods were used, splitting the dataset into two halves. These were the Naive set, in which the meshes were scaled according solely to the reference geometry captured in the scan, and the Optimal set, in which the meshes were scaled according to the Artec criterion scans, resulting in a more accurate scaling operation. Once complete, the scans were compiled and aligned in Artec Studio 12, and split into ten sections along their lengths. The data collected from these sections included perimeter, cross-sectional area, and total volume. A separate measurement operation was performed to gather RMSE data, for which a search distance of 15 mm was used.
description: To capture the mobile phone scans, Polycam, Luma and Meshroom were used. Polycam (3.2.15) and Luma (0.9.9) have both mobile application and web versions, so both were used to evaluate any potential differences, whereas Meshroom (2023.3.0) was solely a desktop application. The desktop application Blender (3.3.1) was used to post-process all of the scans.
description: All data has been sorted into Excel spreadsheets, with each sheet detailing the repeated scans for a single limb, for each section along the length of the limb. Each limb has two sheets, which are the naive (N) and optiomal (O) datasets.