DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z08kprrmc
title: Aphid-induced phytochemicals in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. afflicting host preference and bionomics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)

description: Bionomics of an insect and metabolic flux of the host plant are important
 tools to decipher the status of plant resistance against insect species.
 This study illuminates vital information on aphid-induced levels of
 phytochemicals in the siliquae of Brassica juncea cultivars and their
 effect on host selection and population growth parameters of Lipaphis
 erysimi. The current study unveiled that the siliquae preference,
 intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), gross
 reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) were significantly
 lower on Pusa Mustard 27, DRMR 150-35, RLC 3, NRCHB 101, Pusa Mustard 26
 and Pusa Mustard 25. However, mean generation time (T) and doubling time
 (DT) of L. erysimi were significantly longer (P&lt;0.001) in these
 genotypes. These cultivars were also found with elevated levels of
 aphid-induced phytochemicals and their associated enzymes, except in a few
 cases. Total antioxidants, FRAP, chlorophyll A, total chlorophyll, AO,
 catalase, PAL and myrosinase were found to contribute 49.18 to 85.30%
 variation for siliquae preference and bionomics of L. erysimi on
 the test B. juncea cultivars. The study revealed that phenols,
 antioxidants, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total carotenoids, AO, APX,
 PAL, TAL and myrosinase had significant and negative direct consequences
 on the siliquae preference and bionomics, thus can be exploited as
 biochemical markers to identify sources of resistance against L. erysimi.
 Further, DRMR 150-35, NRCHB 101, RLC 3, Pusa mustard 26, RH 749, and Pusa
 Mustard 27 were found with greater aphid-induced defence phytochemicals
 and detrimental effects on the host selection and bionomics of L.
 erysimi, thus can be deployed in Brassica improvement program.
description: This readme file was generated on [2024-02-01] by [K Chandrakumara]
 GENERAL INFORMATION Title of Dataset: Data from: Aphid-induced
 phytochemicals in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. afflicting host
 preference and bionomics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) Author/Principal
 Investigator Information Name: Dr Mukesh K Dhillon ORCID:
 Institution: ICAR-Indian
 Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Address: ICAR-Indian
 Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India-110012 Email:
 Date of data collection: 2021-01-15
 to 2022-05-15 Geographic location of data collection: ICAR-Indian
 Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (28°38′30.5″N, 77°09′58.2″E,
 228 m AMSL) Information about funding sources that supported the
 collection of the data: Nil SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
 Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: Nil Links to publications that
 cite or use the data: DOI: Links to other publicly accessible locations of
 the data: Nil Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: Nil Was data
 derived from another source? If yes, list source(s): Nil Recommended
 citation for this dataset: Chandrakumara et al., 2024, Data from:
 Aphid-induced phytochemicals in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.
 afflicting host preference and bionomics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach),
 Dryad, Dataset DATA & FILE OVERVIEW File List: Biochemicalsfinal, have
 the values of different biochemical parameters in 23 mustard cultivars for
 both constitutive and induced defense and per cent change over the
 constitutive levels, Biologyfinal, contains the values of different
 biological parameters of Lipaphis erysimi on siliquae of 23 mustard
 cultivars, Bionomicsfinal, contains the values of different life table
 parameters of Lipaphis erysimi on siliquae of 23 mustard cultivars,
 Siliquaefinal, contains the values of siliquae preference among the 23
 mustard cultivars by the Lipaphis erysimi. Relationship between files, if
 important: The aphid-induced phytochemicals significantly distressed the
 host preference, developmental biology and the life table parameters of
 Lipaphis erysimi. Additional related data collected that was not included
 in the current data package: Nil Are there multiple versions of the
 dataset? If yes, name of file(s) that was updated: Nil Why was the file
 updated? When was the file updated? METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION Description
 of methods used for estimation of different biochemical parameters: After
 48 h of exposure, the siliquae of different mustard cultivars were
 collected from L. erysimi infested and those plants free from aphid
 infestation, and brought to the laboratory for the estimation of
 nutritional, antinutritional, photosynthetic pigments and various enzymes.
 Aphids were removed from samples infested with them using a camel hair
 brush before the samples were processed for biochemical analysis. Test
 cultivars' two-gram tissues were separately crushed in liquid
 nitrogen and mixed with 10 millilitres of a 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH
 7.8). After transferring to centrifuge tubes, the slurry was centrifuged
 for 20 minutes at 4 °C at 12000 rpm. The supernatant was gathered and
 stored in a deep freezer at -20 °C in order to estimate the previously
 mentioned biochemical components. For photosynthetic pigments, total
 glucosinolates and myrosinase estimation, directly fresh tissues were used
 instead of supernatant. There were three replications for each test
 cultivars and biochemical constituent in a CRD. Total sugars and proteins
 were assessed using the methods given by Dubois et al. (1956) and Bradford
 (1976), respectively, and expressed in mg/g of plant tissue. The methods
 given by Prieto et al. (1999), Amorim et al. (2008), Singleton and Rossi
 (1965) and Benzie and Strain (1999) were used to estimate total
 antioxidant, total tannins, total phenols and ferric ion reducing
 antioxidant power (FRAP), and the values obtained were expressed in mg/g
 of plant tissue. The total glucosinolates content was estimated by means
 of the protocol given by Kraling et al. (1990), and values obtained were
 expressed in μmol /g of tissue. Further, total carotenoids and
 chlorophyll- a, b and total chlorophyll were estimated by following the
 method given by Nayek et al. (2014). According to the techniques provided
 by Diallinas et al. (1997), Ali et al. (2005), Aebi (1984), Fritz et al.
 (1976), Thorpe and Beaudoin-Eagan (1985), and Piekarska et al. (2013), the
 activities of ascorbate oxidase (AO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX),
 catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL),
 and myrosinase were determined. Description of methods used for biological
 parameters: Under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, the
 biological studies of L. erysimi on test cultivar siliquae were carried
 out at 15±3 oC temperature, 60–70% relative humidity, and 12L: 12D
 photoperiod. Aphids were gathered from the field and raised in a lab
 setting on mustard siliquae in glass Petri dishes measuring 10 cm in
 diameter and 2 cm in height. Using a fine, moist camel hair brush, newly
 hatched nymphs from laboratory-raised aphids were gathered and moved to
 siliquae of each test cultivar. The fresh siliquae of respective genotype
 were provided every 24 h till the completion of biological studies on the
 test genotypes. Each test cultivar in the experiment had 15 replications
 in a CRD. Total nymphal period (TNP), pre-reproductive period (PRP),
 reproductive period (RP), post-reproductive period (PRP), total
 developmental period (TDP), and daily fecundity were the subjects of the
 observations. Additionally, the total number of progenies produced was
 noted, and the percentage of nymphs that survived after 48 hours of
 emergence was calculated and reported as survival (%) per female.
 Description of methods used for bionomic parameters: The life table of L.
 erysimi was constructed by using ‘TWOSEX-MS Chart’ software. According to
 the age-stage, two-sex life table principle (Chi, 1988; Huang and Chi,
 2012) and method (Tuan et al., 2014), the parameters like intrinsic rate
 of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0),
 gross reproductive rate (GRR), mean generation time (T) and doubling time
 (DT) were calculated. Description of methods used for host preference:In a
 completely randomised design (CRD), 15 randomly selected plants were used
 to create 15 replications of the siliquae from each cultivar's main
 branch. A single siliqua of every variety was arranged in a circular
 pattern on blotting paper, spaced two centimetres apart, with 230 aphids
 released in the centre. The siliquae were then entirely covered with a
 mosquito net measuring 95 × 55 × 40 cm, and the temperature was maintained
 at 15±3 °C. Aphids were counted on each siliqua after a 24 h period, and
 the results were expressed as a percentage of nymphs found on the
 corresponding cultivar's siliquae. Instrument- or software-specific
 information needed to interpret the data: Nil. Standards and calibration
 information, if appropriate: pH meter was calibrated before recording of
 data using approved standards. Environmental/experimental conditions:
 Twenty-three B. juncea cultivars were grown in 5 row plots (5 m length),
 with 30 × 15 cm spacing in experimental plots of the Division of
 Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during the
 2021 and 2022 winter cropping seasons. To raise the crop, all advised
 agronomic approaches were used, with the exception of insecticidal
 application. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the
 data: Nil People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis
 and/or submission: K. Chandrakumara, Mukesh K. Dhillon, Naveen Singh.
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Biochemicalsfinal] Number of variables: 51
 (17 variables in the multiple of 3 conditions namely, constitutive,
 induced and per cent change) Number of cases/rows: 70 The row names in the
 first column refers to the name of diverse mustard cultivars used in the
 study which are replicated thrice. * Variable List: Constitutive_Protein,
 Induced_protein, Percentchange_protein, Constitutive_Sugars,
 Induced_Sugars, Percentchange_Sugars, Constitutive_Phenols,
 Induced_Phenols, Percentchange_Phenols, Constitutive_Tannins,
 Induced_Tannins, Percentchange_Tannins, Constitutive_Antioxidants,
 Induced_Antioxidants, Percentchange_Antioxidants, Constitutive_FRAP,
 Induced_FRAP, Percentchange_FRAP, Constitutive_Glucosinolates,
 Induced_Glucosinolates, Percentchange_Glucosinolates, Constitutive_ChlA,
 Induced_ChlA, Percentchange_ChlA, Constitutive_ChlB, Induced_ChlB,
 Percentchange_ChlB, Constitutive_TotalChl, Induced_TotalChl,
 Percentchange_TotalChl, Constitutive_Carotenoids, Induced_Carotenoids,
 Percentchange_Carotenoids, Constitutive_AO, Induced_AO, Percentchange_AO,
 Constitutive_APX, Induced_APX, Percentchange_APX, Constitutive_Catalase,
 Induced_Catalase, Percentchange_Catalase, Constitutive_PAL, Induced_PAL,
 Percentchange_PAL, Constitutive_TAL, Induced_TAL, Percentchange_TAL,
 Constitutive_Myrosinase, Induced_Myrosinase, Percentchange_Myrosinase
 values with 3 replications * Abbreviations used in varibale list: FRAP-
 Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Power, ChlA- Chlorophyll A, ChlB-
 Chlorophyll B, TotalChl- Total chlorophyll, AO- Ascorbate oxidase,
 Ascorbate Peroxidase, PAL- Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, TAL- Tyrosine
 ammonia lyase * Description: Constitutive variable refers to the amount of
 respective phytochemical in the healthy tissue/ undamaged plant tissue;
 Induced variable refers to the amount of phytochemicals produced in
 response to aphid damage; Percentchange varibale refers to the per cent
 change in the induced levels of phytochemicals over the constitutive
 levels of that particular phytochemicals. * Units of measurement:
 Constitutive_Protein, Induced_protein, Constitutive_Sugars,
 Induced_Sugars, Constitutive_Phenols, Induced_Phenols,
 Constitutive_Tannins, Induced_Tannins, Constitutive_Antioxidants,
 Induced_Antioxidants, Constitutive_FRAP and Induced_FRAP were expressed in
 mg/g of plant tissue, Constitutive_Glucosinolates and
 Induced_Glucosinolates were expressed in μmol/g, Constitutive_ChlA,
 Induced_ChlA, Constitutive_ChlB, Induced_ChlB, Constitutive_TotalChl,
 Induced_TotalChl, Constitutive_Carotenoids and Induced_Carotenoids were
 expressed in μg/ml, Constitutive_AO, Induced_AO, Constitutive_APX,
 Induced_APX, Constitutive_Catalase, Induced_Catalase, Constitutive_PAL,
 Induced_PAL, Constitutive_TAL, Induced_TAL, Constitutive_Myrosinase and
 Induced_Myrosinase were expressed in U/ml, and Percentchange_protein,
 Percentchange_Sugars, Percentchange_Phenols, Percentchange_Tannins,
 Percentchange_Antioxidants, Percentchange_FRAP,
 Percentchange_Glucosinolates, Percentchange_ChlA, Percentchange_ChlB,
 Percentchange_TotalChl, Percentchange_Carotenoids, Percentchange_AO,
 Percentchange_APX, Percentchange_Catalase, Percentchange_PAL,
 Percentchange_TAL, Percentchange_Myrosinase were expressed in percent
 values. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Biologyfinal] Number of variables:
 10 Number of cases/rows: 346 The row names in the first column refers to
 the name of diverse mustard cultivars used in the study which are in 15
 replication. * Variable List: Firstinstar, Secondinstar, thirdinstar,
 Fourthinstar, Totalnymphalperiod, Prereproductive, Reproductive,
 Postreproductive, fecundity and nymphssurvived values of L. erysimi on 23
 mustard cultivars with 15 replications. * Description: Firstinstar- birth
 of first instar to first moult; Secondinstar- starting from second instar
 to second moult; thirdinstar- starting from third instar to third moult;
 Fourthinstar- starting from fourth instar to fourth moult;
 Totalnymphalperiod- birth of first instar to end of fourth instar;
 Prereproductive- Starting from adult to first laying; reproductive- birth
 of first nymph to last nymph; postreprodutive- birth of last nymph to
 death of respective adult female; totaldevelopmentalperiod- birth of the
 nymph to death of resulting female; fecundity- number of nymphs produced
 by each female; the total offsprings produced were observed and survival
 of nymphs was also calculated after 48 h of emergence and expressed as
 survival (%) per female. * Units: Firstinstar, Secondinstar, thirdinstar,
 Fourthinstar, Totalnymphalperiod, Prereproductive, Reproductive and
 Postreproductive were expressed in hours (h), fecundity was expressed in
 number of nymphs produced per female, and nymphssurived expressed in
 number of nymphs surived. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Bionomicsfinal]
 Number of variables: 6 Number of cases/rows: 691 The row names in the
 first column refers to the name of diverse mustard cultivars used in the
 study which are in 30 replication. * Variable List:
 Intrinsicrateofincrease, finiterateofincrease, Netreproductiverate,
 Grossreproductiverate, Meangenerationtime and Doublingtime values of L.
 erysimi on 23 mustard cultivars with 30 replications. * Description:
 Intrinsic rate of increase (r): The population size will increase at the
 rate of er per time unit; Finite rate of increase (λ): The population size
 will increase at the rate of λ per time unit; Net reproductive rate (R0):
 Number of female offspring produced per female in a population per
 generation; Gross reproductive rate (GRR): Total lifetime reproduction in
 the absence of mortality; Mean generation time (T): Interval between birth
 of an individual and birth of its offspring; Doubling time (DT): Time it
 takes for a population to double in size/value. * Units: Intrinsic rate of
 increase and Finite rate of increase were expressed in d-1 (per day), Net
 reproductive rate and Gross reproductive rate were expressed in offsprings
 per female, and Mean generation time and Doubling time were expressed in
 days. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Siliquaefinal] Number of variables:
 2 Number of cases/rows: 346 The row names in the first column refers to
 the name of diverse mustard cultivars used in the study which are in 15
 replication. * Variable List: nymphssettled and Percentrecovered on 23
 mustard cultivars with 15 replications. * Units: nymphssettled was
 expressed in number of nymphs settled; percentrecovered expressed in
 percent values. Missing data codes: Nil Specialized formats or other
 abbreviations used: Nil