cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.12
title: Comparison of pilot- and laboratory-scale centrifuge recovery and dewatering performances on beta-glucan production

description: Beta-glucan production involves separation of yeast cell wall from soluble cellular components and centrifugation is commonly employed. Poor liquid-solid separation and solid recovery, however, are common obstacles during process scale- up. In this study, the recovery and dewatering performance of floor-type centrifuge (Beckman J-6M/E) and pilot scale discstack centrifuge (Westfalia separator SA1-01-175 with Double Centripetal Pump) were compared. Centrifuges at both scales were used to separate cell wall from yeast autolysate as well as to wash cell wall. Centrifugation of yeast autolysate and homogenate (500 mL) in a 1-L bucket at 3500 rpm for 40 min with 15% w/w, the floor-type centrifuge could achieve 30% w/w sediment. The disc-stack centrifuge for pilot scale centrifugation, on the other hand, could achieve up to 20% w/w sediment when feeding samples with 1-5% w/w at 1 L/min, 9,000 rpm. Wetter sediment at a pilot-scale did not lead to higher contaminants in the finished product, allowing the process scale up. Before spray drying, the beta-glucan recovery yield in laboratory- and pilot-scale were 21% and 10%, respectively. The major loss during pilot-scale production was, indeed, due to disc-stack centrifuge. It is important that the flow rate used has to be compromised between the processing time required and % solid recovery. Flow duration, however, did not influence the recovery until the point that the bowl was completely full.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.13
title: Comparison of Quantitative PCR and Droplet Digital PCR for Effective Hepatitis B Covalently Closed Circular DNA Measurement

description: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is caused by the persistence of viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in infected hepatocytes. Targeting cccDNA is a novel approach for chronic HBV infection treatments. Since the number of cccDNA presented in a hepatocyte is very low, the precise and sensitive technique has to be developed in order to detect and quantify cccDNA. Even though quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for almost 3 decades by fluorescent dyes or probes to detect the amplification of DNA target, this technique only provides a relative quantification that is dependent with calibration curve. This limitation was resolved by developing of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). ddPCR offers an absolute quantification that calculated based on Poisson algorithm. Furthermore, it is advantageous by high sensitivity and reproducibility to detect low amplicon template with extreme precision. This study presents the successful validation of ddPCR for applying to estimate cccDNA copy number. By using known concentration of plasmid, ddPCR showed the lowest detection limit around 0.1 copies per 1X reaction volume. The accuracy to quantify cccDNA target was compared between theoretical and practical value and determined the correlation by R-squared close to 1. From our results, we exhibited that ddPCR should be a platform for quantifying cccDNA and applied in subsequent researches in order to evaluate the precise cccDNA number after cccDNA-targeting treatments
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.14
title: Computational approaches to predict human protein targets of Spirulina Compounds for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

description: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by autoantigen exposure, autoantibody production, chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The patients can be affected by SLE in heterogeneous severity ranging from skin and joint pain to heart attack, neuro-disorder, and even death. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for SLE at present. Therefore, it is necessary to identify more potential targets. From a previous study, potential bioactive compounds from Arthrospira Platensis C1 were proposed to target SLE proteins. These compounds are natural supplement and not associated with toxicity. In the present study, we utilized multiple computational approaches with the aim to identify potential SLE-associated protein targets of those Spirulina compounds. First, 471 known SLE genes were used as an input to construct an SLE association protein network. A random walk with restart algorithm was then applied to the network to prioritize proteins that are highly associated with the disease, resulting in 44 protein candidates. The 44 candidates were then BLASTPed against SLE protein targets of Spirulina compounds previously reported. Based on the concept that targets with similar sequences tend to bind to the same compounds, we predicted eight SLE proteins as a target of three Spirulina compounds. This prediction was then preliminarily validated by molecular docking technique. Our results propose phycocyanobilin, a highly available compound in Spirulina, and other compounds as potential therapeutic agents that target SLE proteins, including LYN, LCK, FYN and EGFR.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.15
title: Cultivation and Lipid Production of Oleaginous Yeast on Canteen Food Waste

description: Food waste is the organic waste that is attractive for using as raw material in value-added bioproducts production via fermentation process. Canteen food waste was collected and determined the chemical composition. It mainly consisted of carbohydrate (49.24% dry basis, w/w) and subjected as feedstock for fermentable sugar and lipid production. The commercial ?amylase and glucoamylase were used for hydrolysis of 30% solid loading of food waste and presented total reducing sugar concentration of 169.13?5.67 g/L with a high glucose content (77.83% of total sugars). The oleaginous yeasts (Rhodotorula glutinis TISTR 5159, Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5621 and Rhodosporidium toruloides TISTR 5123) were cultivated on food waste hydrolysate. The results presented that R. glutinis TISTR 5159 and Y. lipolytica TISTR 5621 were an efficient and feasible in growth and lipid production on food waste hydrolysate containing 20 g/L of reducing sugar concentration. Y. lipolytica TISTR 5621, the highest biomass (3.95 g/L) and lipid content (12.82% of dry biomass) were achieved at 96 h of cultivation. The highest biomass and lipid content of R. glutinis TISTR 5159 were 5.91 g/L (at 384 h of cultivation) and 11.01% of dry biomass (at 288 h of cultivation), respectively. The lipid of Y. lipolytica TISTR 5621 was consisted of C16 and C18 as high as 99% of total fatty acid which could be an alternative feedstock for value-added products production.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.16
title: D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone Producing Acetic Acid Bacteria in Kombucha Fermentation Process

description: Kombucha is a refreshing beverage with a slightly sour taste, obtained by the fermentation of probiotic microorganisms. The main compositions include acetic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid as well as Dsaccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSL). D-Saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSL) is a crucial substance involved in liver detoxification. DSL has ability to inhibits the activity of ?-glucuronidase, an enzyme related with cancers. The objective of this study was to isolate acetic acid bacteria which produced DSL from fruit, fermented fruit juices and kombucha. One hundred and fifty-three isolates of acetic acid bacteria were obtained from pineapple, 7 fermented fruit juices and 3 samples of kombucha. Sixty-eight isolates had ability to produced acid from green tea broth. They were selected for DSL production and compared with Acetobacter tropicalis P6. It was found that fourteen isolates, PM20, PM30, PM31, PM35, PM36, PM56, PM60, PM70, PM99, PM103, PM123, PM131, PM135, PM136 and A. tropicalis P6 gave the yield of DSL between 0.02 to 0.33 mg/ml.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.17
title: Design of electronic teaching materials for self-learning in the subject: research methodology of Thailand

description: The objectives of this research are to: study the characteristics of electronic teaching materials required by the researchers. The samples included the teachers under the Office of Basic Education Commission, the participants in the training program to create the new generation of researchers (chicks), graduate students in master's and doctoral levels and professors in higher education totaling 679 persons. The tools used in research were the questionnaire and observation form. The results of research were as follows. The samples wanted the operation in the form of mixed materials that consist of cartoons, videos, pictures and sounds with the length of each episode not exceeding 15 minutes and wanted a service to answer questions from the experts online.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.18
title: Design, Generation and Protein Expression of the EpitopeBased PEDV (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus) Vaccine

description: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) continues to cause huge economic losses in swine industry worldwide. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), the causative agent of PED, exhibits highly genetic variation
description: thus, a universal vaccine is desirable. Our main goal is to develop a universal vaccine using multi-epitope strategy. In this study, we designed, generated and studied the expression of the PEDV multi-epitope vaccines. Two new vaccine antigens, epiS(MHC) and epiS(CTL), were designed to contain CD8 T cell epitopes obtained from in silico prediction of the PEDV spike protein (S). The vaccines were then developed using 3 different vaccine systems. In HEK293A, the antigens produced by DNA vaccines and adenovirus-based vaccines exhibited only small amount of the protein. When expressed in E . coli expression system, only the epiS(MHC) protein displayed full-length and degraded forms of the protein when it is detected by Western blot. The results of protein expression by 3 different vaccine platforms suggest that epitope-based vaccine can be very unstable and susceptible to degradation and further modification is important to help improve stability and functionality of the vaccines.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.19
title: Development of Enzymatic Assay for Adenosine Quantification in Cordyceps militaris Extract

description: Cordyceps militaris is a substituent of high price Chinese traditional medicine, Ophiocordyceps sinensis. This fungus is widely cultivated and consumed for health benefits in Thailand. Currently, the quality can be evaluated by the concentration of adenosine and cordycapin which relies on HPLC. This study proposed a simple enzymatic method for quantifying adenosine in C. militaris extract. In this research, C. militaris samples were extracted by hot water extraction (80?C, 3h). Recombinant eADA (Escherichia coli adenosine deaminase) adenosine converted to inosine and this was continuously observed by spectrophotometer at 265 nm. The total change in OD265 can be used to quantify adenosine in the extract in a good agreement with quantification by HPLC. During this research, it was observed that high temperature extraction led to adenosine degradation and up to 30% reduction could be observed after 3-hour extraction. However, this phenomenon was not observed with cordycepin.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.20
title: Development of Frozen Hash Brown from Hanatee Sweet Cassava

description: This study is to develop the frozen hash brown (FHB) product from Thai sweet cassava, Hanatee (5M) by using the two cooking methods
description: boiling (B) and steaming (S). Next, the products were determined by comparing with a commercial hash brown (CHB1). Our findings revealed that the steaming (5MS) can give a better yield than the boiling method (5MB). The characteristic of 5MS was also relatively closed to the CHB1 that contained the hardness of crust (88.58-88.91 g), crispiness (1.69-1.99 mm) and hardness of crumb (19.16-23.76 g). In addition, this method revealed the lower brightness than boiling method (p&lt;0.05) but higher than CHB1 (p&lt;0.05). Finally, to compare between CHB1 and 5MS based on the Hedonic scale and Just about right (JAR) scales, there was no significantly difference of 5MS from CHB1 based on color, texture, flavor and oily (p&gt;0.05). Although CHB1 gave crispiness of crust and fibrous better than 5MS, tasters preferred less salty of 5MS than CHB1. Furthermore, oily amount of 5MS (64%) provided better results than CHB1 (46%), and the suggestion of the 5MS should be improved in color, crust, texture, and fibrous.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.21
title: Dissecting the Transcriptional Regulatory Network to Reveal Beneficial Network Topology for Cassava Brown Streak Virus Resistance

description: Cassava Brown Streak Virus (CBSV) represents a major threat to cassava production, especially in endemic areas, and can lead to substantial storage root yield and quality losses. The developed resistant cultivars have often performed inconsistently, especially in differently environments largely due to limited knowledge of the underlying resistance mechanisms, and the roles of gene cooperation and gene-environment interaction. This study aimed to propose a robust structural transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of CBSV resistance in cassava. We performed a topological analysis of reconstructed conditional TRNs, namely TRN of CBSV resistance in control (TRN-RC) and treatment (TRN-RT) conditions and that of susceptibility in control (TRN-SC) and in treatment (TRN-ST) conditions. The reconstruction was performed via integrative systems biology approach, combining timeseries gene expression datasets of resistant and susceptible cultivars in na?ve and infection conditions with the TRN retrieved from PlantRegMap. The results demonstrated that the global network properties, network dimension, were not different among traits, but the local clustering coefficient of TRNRC was significantly higher than that of TRN-SC (p-value =1.84?10-9). The higher local clustering coefficient found in TRN-RC could be related to its robustness with respect to the regulation of CBSV resistance in cassava. Moreover, the reconstructed TRNs of CBSV resistance in control and treatment conditions contained more clustering coefficient in heat shock proteins (HSPs) regulatory system, which are important for plant protection against viral infections, than those for susceptible traits in similar conditions. Our findings would contribute to precision CBSV resistance-breeding in cassava, through the use of bioinformatics screening tools for cultivar improvement. Moreover, the knowledge gained could be applied for other cassava viral diseases such as the cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is currently affecting cassava production in Thailand.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.22
title: Diversity of sugar alcohols produced by Aureobasidium spp. and the influence of selected nutrients on mannitol synthesis

description: Sugar alcohols are a group of diverse polyols derived from monosaccharides that have been used in many commercial products. Mannitol, a six-carbon sugar alcohol, is a natural sweetener produced by many plants such as pumpkin, celery and olive, and microorganisms including yeast, bacteria, fungi, lichen and algae. Mannitol has been widely used as a sugar substitute in food and pharmaceutical industries, especially the products for diabetic patients, since it does not affect blood sugar and insulin levels. Mannitol can be produced via fermentation by yeasts such as Candida spp. and Aureobasidium spp. In nature, most microorganisms produce mannitol from glucose, fructose, sucrose and glycerol with different efficacies. Thus, this study was aimed to (i) study the diversity of polyols produced by seven Aureobasidium strains including A. pullulans (NRRL Y-2311-1, CBS 135684, PBUAP55 and PBUAP102) A. thailandense (NRRL58543, PBUAP17 and PBUAP70) (ii) select the best strain for mannitol production and (iii) investigate the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the mannitol production. It was found that these Aureobasidium strains were able to produce a variety of sugar alcohols including mannitol, arabitol, xylitol and glycerol in the strain-dependent manner. Aureobasidium thailandense PBUAP70 produced the highest yield of mannitol at 14% conversion comparing with the rest by using glucose as substrate. Glucose and ammonium sulphate were found to be enhanced the mannitol production of this strain up to 16% conversion which was the highest of the carbon and nitrogen sources tested.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.23
title: Effect of Metformin on Reducing Self-renewal and Proliferative Ability in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells by Induction of Cell Differentiation

description: Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor, is challenged by high rate of relapse and drug-resistance. These may due to a presence of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation in NB which relates to high capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. Recently, it has been believed that the promotion of cancer cells differentiation can irreversible change in the cancer phenotypes, particularly in loss of self-renewal. Consequently, drugs that trigger differentiation in cancers have currently being explored. In the present study, we showed the role of metformin in promoting differentiation and its effect on self-renewal capacity. The results revealed that metformin can promote cell differentiation with increasing neurite length and neuronal markers, ?-tubulin III and MAP-2. Furthermore, the ability of cell proliferation at day 2 and 3 after metformin-mediated cell differentiation was significantly diminished. Likewise, self- renewal capacity was decreased in metforminpromoted cell differentiation as determined by significant reduction of spheroid number and size. The percentage of cell in G0/ G1 phase was markedly increased in metformin-treated cells compared to control untreated cells. Together, Metformin has a potential role to promote differentiation and reduces self-renewal capacity and ability of cell proliferation after promoting differentiation.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.24
title: Effects of the Flavonoid Luteolin on Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease Model

description: Luteolin is one of the flavonoids compound of numerous traditional medicines. Luteolin has been reported to provide protective effects against apoptosis and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in physiology and pathological conditions. Increasing evidences indicate that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease ( PD) . Previous studies demonstrated that neurotoxins induced oxidative stress resulted in cell death. Among them, 1- Methyl4phenylpyridinium ion ( MPP+ ) has been widely used to study the role of oxidative stress, leading to cell death in PD. Therefore, optimization of ROS production is considered to be target to prevent PD. However, the effect of luteolin on PD via ROS generation is still obscure. In this study, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with luteolin and NAC for 1 h, following treatment with 100 ?M MPP+. After treatment, cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was observed by Hoechst 33342 staining . Intracellular ROS was measured using DCFH-DA. The results demonstrated that luteolin inhibited MPP+-induced cell death. In addition, luteolin and NAC reduced ROS generation in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides evidence that luteolin has a potent neuroprotective effect against MPP+-induced cell death via the reduction of oxidative stress.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.25
title: Elementary Flux Mode Analysis of Streptomyces fradiae Metabolic Network for an Increased Neomycin Yield

description: Neomycin is an antibiotic that can naturally be produced by Streptomyces fradiae. Herein, elementary flux mode analysis is used to identify potential gene targets for improvement of neomycin production yield in S. fradiae. To achieve the goal, a metabolic network of S. fradiae is firstly reconstructed by incorporation of 7 key metabolic pathways including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate, pyruvate oxidation, glutamate synthesis from oxoglutarate, glutamate synthesis from glutamine and neomycin synthesis. The main carbon and nitrogen sources for the production are glucose, glutamine and ammonia. After analyzing the reconstructed network by using METATOOL, 230 elementary modes producing neomycin are obtained. These elementary modes show 10 different theoretical yields, ranging from 0.17 to 1 mole of neomycin produced per mole of glucose uptake. It is observed that the modes providing the highest yield use the glucose to synthesize neomycin without entering the glycolysis pathway. From the analysis, it is suggested that the average yield of neomycin in S. fradiae could be improved by knocking out the genes gdh2, gdhA, ssgdh, GLD, gcd, PTS-GLC-EIIA and crr to decrease the total carbon flux in the glycolysis pathway
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.26
title: Exploration of cassava lincRNAs relevant to defense response against cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) infection

description: Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) poses a huge threat to cassava production and can lead to substantial yield and quality losses. Understanding of plant gene regulation against CBSV infection is necessary for developing resistant cultivars. Transcriptome analysis offers insights into the underlying gene regulation and defense mechanisms against pathogens. However, most of the CBSV-related transcriptome analysis in cassava has mainly focused on protein coding genes, and comprehensive knowledge of the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have been linked to the defense mechanisms of some plants, remains elusive for cassava. Here, we performed a transcriptome- wide screening for long intergenic non- coding RNAs (lincRNAs) in a CBSV-resistant cultivar under CBSV infection. A total of 415 expressed lincRNAs were found to be distributed across the cassava genome. Twenty-nine of them were significantly differentially expressed relative to control (absolute log2 fold change ? 2 and corrected p-value &lt; 0.05). Among these, 4 were potentially involved in regulating transcripts of disease resistance proteins, heat shock proteins, chaperones, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, major latex proteins, stress-responsive GRAS transcription factors, and hormone-regulated proteins at the early stage of infection. To our knowledge, this work provides the first evidence of lincRNAs involved in cassava defense response against CBSV. It provides insightful information towards a comprehensive understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in plants against viral infection, for which further wet lab experimentation is crucial.
DOI: 10.12755/tsb.res.2019.27
title: Expression of an Immunogenic Protein derived from Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in two E. coli Strains

description: Escherichia coli is recognized as a fast, easy and inexpensive host system for production of valuable proteins including subunit proteins for vaccination. In this study, we studied whether PEDVSME, a new immunogen designed from spike protein of PEDV, can be produced in E. coli by studying in two strains: BL21(DE3) and BL21(DE3)pLysS. The prokaryotic expression plasmid, pET28b, was generated to contain the PEDVSME gene. Recombinant clone of pET28b.PEDVSME was successfully generated and selected in E. coli DH5?. Two strains of E. coli, BL21(DE3) and BL21(DE3)pLysS, were then transformed with recombinant plasmid pET28b.PEDVSME. Expression of the PEDVSME gene was induced with 1 mM IPTG. Analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot, PEDVSME was not detected in E. coli BL21(DE3) but highly expressed in strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. Importantly, although the PEDVSME protein could be observed in soluble form, majority of the protein was found in insoluble form (inclusion body). This work provides useful information regarding appropriate E. coli host strain for efficient production of the immunogen PEDVSME, bringing a feasibility of using PEDVSME as a subunit vaccine.