DOI: 10.15468/xgjg2x
title: RUMiNOCOCCUS BOViS sp. nov., a novel species of amylolytic RUMiNOCOCCUS isolated from the rumen of a dairy cow

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Gaffney, James, Embree, Jordan, Gilmore, Sean, Embree, Mallory (2021): RUMiNOCOCCUS BOViS sp. nov., a novel species of amylolytic RUMiNOCOCCUS isolated from the rumen of a dairy cow. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (004924) 71 (8): 1-7, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004924, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004924AbstractThis study describes JE7A12 T (= ATCC TSD- 225 T = NCTC 14479 T), an isolate from the ruminal content of a dairy cow. Phenotypic and genotypic traits of the isolate were explored. JE7A12 T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, catalase-negative, oxidasenegative, coccoid bacterium that grows in chains. The API 50 CH carbon source assay detected fermentation of D-glucose, D-fructose,D-galactose, glycogen and starch. HPLC showed acetate to be the major fermentation product as a result of carbohydrate fermentation. Phylogenetic analysis of JE7A12 T based on 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequences from the whole genome indicated a divergent lineage from the closest neighbours in the genus Ruminococcus. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparison, whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA G+C content data indicate that JE7A12 T represents a novel species which we propose the name Ruminococcus bovis with JE7A12 T as the type strain.The genus Ruminococcus was first described by Sijpesteijn [1] with Ruminococcus flavefaciens as the type strain [2]. Previously, members of the genus Ruminococcus have most frequently been isolated from the rumen and gastrointestinal tract of a wide variety of animals, including humans [3]. The genus is polyphyletic and divided into two groups. Ruminococcus group 1 includes the type strain Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus bromii and Ruminococcus callidus. Ruminococcus group 2 species have recently undergone taxonomic re-classification with many species being reassigned to different genera [4]. It is now believed that true members of the genus Ruminococcus are the species found in group 1 [4].Microbial fermentation plays a prominent role in the utilization of feed by ruminants. In the rumen, bacterial fermentation is known to contribute to the stabilization of ruminal pH, increase volatile fatty acid production, reduce ammonia concentration and improve fibre digestibility [5 – 12]. Ruminococci are ubiquitous members of the human gastrointestinal and rumen microbial consortia worldwide where they play a role in the fermentation of cellulose rich feedstuffs and resistant starch [13 – 19]. Assessment of the global distribution of rumen microbes by Henderson et al. found that species of the genus Ruminococcus were present in all ruminants surveyed and, on average, were found to comprise 3.6% of the total rumen bacterial community [20]. While the abundance of members of the genus Ruminococcus is naturally high there is evidence that their functional role is larger than the abundance would suggest. Xia et al. revealed that 70–80% of the starch degrading bacteria in the barley-fed beef heifers were members of the family Ruminococcaceae [21]. Similarly, shotgun metagenomics approaches have demonstrated that a disproportionately high number of genes encoding hemicellulase and cellulase in the rumen can be associated with members of group 1 of the genus Ruminococcus [22]. Thus, characterization of novel species of the genus Ruminococcus has the potential to elucidate underlying microbial functionality in the rumen and the influence of members of the genus with regards to ruminant feed utilization and nutrition. The following description pertains to the isolation and classification of a novel group 1 amylolytic species, represented by strain JE7A12 T, of the genus Ruminococcus.