cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pzgmsbcj6
title: Data: Avian cultural services peak in tropical wet forests

description: The current biodiversity crisis involves major shifts in biological
 communities at local and regional scales. The consequences for Earth’s
 life-support systems are increasingly well-studied, but knowledge of how
 community shifts affect cultural services associated with wildlife lags
 behind. We integrated bird census data (three years across 150 point-count
 locations) with questionnaire surveys (&gt;400 people) to evaluate
 changes in culturally important species across climate and land-use
 gradients in Costa Rica. For farmers, urbanites, and birdwatchers alike,
 species valued for identity, bequest, birdwatching, acoustic aesthetics,
 and education were more likely to occupy wetter regions and forested
 sites, whereas disliked species tended to occupy drier and deforested
 sites. These results suggest that regional climate drying and habitat
 conversion in the Neotropics are likely to threaten the most culturally
 important bird species. This study provides a novel and generalizable
 pathway for assessing the effects of environmental changes on cultural
 services and integrating the socio-cultural and ecological dimensions of
 biodiversity.
description: The datasets uploaded here were collected through a
 combination of social and ecological methods, including questionnaire
 surveys administered in person and online to birdwatchers, farmers, and
 urbanites in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Also avian point-count surveys
 alongside vegetation surveys in the field. Read the methods section in the
 publication and the supplementary information for more details.
description: We are uploading 8 data sets that refer to the ecological
 data, the social data, and basic physical parameters of the study area.
 Read the README file for a complete description of each dataset.
 Questionnaire survey data is not complete in dryad and
 is available from the University of British Columbia and are stored in the
 Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability following the
 guidelines of the Behavioural Research Ethics Board for researchers who
 meet the criteria for access to confidential data. Contact the authors for
 information regarding access. The social data stored here is already
 processed after conducting some analyses. Read the methods section in the
 publication for more details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q5788
title: Decoupling the effects of food and density on life history plasticity of wild animals using field experiments: Insights from the steward who sits in the shadow of its tail, the North American red squirrel

description: Long-term studies of wild animals provide the opportunity to investigate
 how phenotypic plasticity is used to cope with environmental
 fluctuations, and how the relationships between phenotypes and
 fitness can be dependent upon the ecological context. Most previous
 studies have only investigated life history plasticity in response to
 changes in temperature, yet wild animals often experience
 multiple environmental fluctuations simultaneously. This requires field
 experiments to decouple which ecological factor induces plasticity in
 fitness-relevant traits to better understand their population-level
 responses to those environmental fluctuations. For the past 32 years, we
 have conducted a long-term integrative study of individually marked North
 American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben) in the
 Yukon, Canada. We have used multi-year field experiments to examine the
 physiological and life history responses of individual red squirrels to
 fluctuations in food abundance and conspecific density. Our long-term
 observational study and field experiments show that squirrels can
 anticipate increases in food availability and density, thereby decoupling
 the usual pattern where animals respond to, rather than anticipate, an
 ecological change. As in many other study systems, ecological factors that
 can induce plasticity (such as food and density) co-vary. However, our
 field experiments that manipulate food availability and social cues of
 density (frequency of territorial vocalizations) indicate that increases
 in social (acoustic) cues of density in the absence of additional food can
 induce similar life history plasticity, as does experimental food
 supplementation. Changes in the levels of metabolic hormones
 (glucocorticoids) in response to variation in food and density are one
 mechanism that seems to induce this adaptive life history
 plasticity.  Although we have not yet investigated the energetic
 response of squirrels to elevated density or its association with life
 history plasticity, energetics research in red squirrels has overturned
 several standard pillars of knowledge in physiological ecology. We show
 how a tractable model species combined with integrative studies can reveal
 how animals cope with resource fluctuations through life history
 plasticity.
description: Data can be used to generate Figures 1, 2, and 4.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kcv
title: Datasets related to the paper 'Identifying priority areas for restoring mountain ungulates in the Caucasus ecoregion'

description: Three datasets are contained here: 1. The final habitat suitability map
 for bezoar goats (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) for the Caucasus ecoregion (in
 TIFF format) 2. The table of occurence location used for generating this
 map (in CSV format) 3. The habitat patches derived from the habitat
 suitability map and their priority ranking according to three conservation
 scenarios (in SHP format)
description: We refer to the paper 'Identifying priority areas for
 restoring mountain ungulates in the Caucasus ecoregion' for a full
 description of the data collection and processing methods.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x2c
title: The bite force-gape relationship as an avenue of biomechanical adaptation to trophic niche in two salmonid fishes

description: All skeletal muscles produce their largest forces at a single optimal
 length, losing force when stretched or shortened. In vertebrate feeding
 systems, this fundamental force-length relationship translates to
 variation in bite force across gape, which affects the food types that can
 be eaten effectively. We measured the bite force-gape curves of two
 sympatric species: king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and pink salmon
 (O. gorbuscha). Cranial anatomical measurements are not significantly
 different between species, however, peak bite forces are produced at
 significantly different gapes. Maximum bite force is achieved at 67% of
 maximum gape for king salmon and 43% of maximum gape for pink salmon. This
 may allow king salmon to use greater force when eating large or elusive
 prey. In contrast, pink salmon do not require high forces at extreme gapes
 for filter feeding. Our results illustrate that the bite force-gape
 relationship is an important ecophysiological axis of variation.
description: Please see the manuscript and the ReadMe file for explanations of
 and notes about this dataset.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59zw3r25j
title: Climate-related geographic variation in performance traits across the invasion front of a widespread nonnative insect

description: Aim: Invasive species are an ideal system for testing geographic
 differences in performance traits and measuring evolutionary responses as
 a species spreads across divergent climates and habitats. The European
 gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a
 generalist forest defoliator introduced to Medford, Massachusetts, USA in
 1869. Currently, the invasion front extends from Minnesota to North
 Carolina and the ability of gypsy moth populations to adapt to local
 climate may contribute to its continuing spread. We evaluate the
 performance of gypsy moth from populations along the climatic gradient of
 the invasion front to test for a relationship between climate and
 ecologically important performance traits. Methods: Gypsy moth from 14
 populations across the US invasion front and the interior of the invasive
 range were reared from hatch to adult emergence in six constant
 temperature treatments. The responses of survival, pupal mass, and larval
 development time were analyzed as a function of source climate (annual
 mean normal temperature), rearing temperature, and their interaction.
 Results: With the exception of female development time, there were no
 significant interactions between source climate and rearing temperature,
 indicating little divergence in the shape of thermal reaction norms among
 populations. Source population and rearing temperature were significant
 predictors of survival and pupal mass. Independent of rearing temperature,
 populations from warmer climates had lower survival than those from colder
 climates, but attained larger body size despite similar development times.
 Larval development time was dependent on rearing temperature, but there
 were not consistent relationships with source climate. Main Conclusions:
 Thermal adaptation may be an important factor in shaping the spread of
 invasive species, particularly in the context of climate change. Our
 results suggest that gypsy moth is highly plastic, but has undergone
 climate-related adaptation in thermal performance and life history traits
 as it spread across North America.
description: Please see published manuscript for details.
description: Please see metadata file for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fbg79cnsg
title: The effects of functional response and host abundance fluctuations on genetic rescue in parasitoids with single-locus sex determination

description: Many parasitoids have single-locus complementary sex determination
 (sl-CSD), which produces sterile or inviable males when homozygous at the
 sex determining locus. A previous study theoretically showed that small
 populations have elevated risks of extinction due to positive feedback
 between inbreeding and small population size, referred to as the diploid
 male vortex. A few modeling studies have suggested that the diploid male
 vortex may not be as common because balancing selection at sex determining
 loci tends to maintain high allelic diversity in spatially structured
 populations. However, the generality of the conclusion is yet uncertain,
 as they were drawn either from models developed for particular systems or
 from a general-purpose competition model. To attest the conclusion, we
 study several well-studied host-parasitoid models that incorporate
 functional response specifying the number of attacked hosts given a host
 density and derive the conditions for a diploid male vortex in a single
 population. Then, we develop spatially-structured individual-based
 versions of the models to include female behavior, diploid male fertility,
 and temporal fluctuations. The results show that producing a handful of
 successful offspring per female parasitoid could enable parasitoid
 persistence when a typical number of CSD alleles is present. The effect of
 functional response depends on the levels of fluctuations in host
 abundance, and inviable or partially fertile diploid males and a small
 increase in dispersal can alleviate the risk of a diploid male vortex. Our
 work supports the generality of effective genetic rescue in spatially
 connected parasitoid populations with sl-CSD. However, under more variable
 climate, the efficacy of the CSD mechanism may substantially decline.
description: Matlab code for simulating parasitoid populations with variety of
 functional response functions This is a set of matlab
 code used to simulate parasitiod population dynamics for the paper. The
 code is commented and contains basic information regarding how to use
 it. 
description: Matlab is needed to use the code. It was developed in
 Matlab2019a.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69p8cz903
title: Don’t stand so close to me: microbiota-facilitated enemy release dynamics in introduced Onthophagus taurus dung beetles.

description: Microbial symbionts can influence their hosts in stunningly diverse ways.
 Emerging research suggests that an underappreciated facet of these
 relationships is the influence microbes can have on their host’s responses
 to novel, or stressful, environmental conditions. We sought to address
 these and related questions in populations resulting from the recent
 introduction and subsequent rapid range expansion of Onthophagus
 taurus dung beetles. Specifically, we manipulated both microbial
 communities and rearing temperature to detect signatures of developmental
 and life history differentiation in response to the local thermal
 conditions in two populations derived from the southern-most (Florida) and
 northern-most (Michigan) extremes of the exotic Eastern U.S. range
 of O. taurus. We then sought to determine the contributions, if
 any, of host-associated microbiota to this differentiation. We found that
 when reared under common garden conditions individuals from Florida and
 Michigan populations differed significantly in developmental performance
 measures and life history traits, consistent with population divergence.
 At the same time, and contrary to our predictions, we failed to find
 support for the hypothesis that animals perform better if reared at
 temperatures that match their location of origin, and that performance
 differences may be mediated by host-associated microbiota. Instead, we
 found that microbiome swapping across host populations improved
 developmental performance in both populations, consistent with enemy
 release dynamics. We discuss the implications of our results for our
 understanding of the rapid spread of exotic O.
 taurus through the Eastern US, and the significance of symbiosis
 in host responses to novel environmental conditions more broadly.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.awb4du
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 570 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((68.03855 22.60127,76.45906 6.26814,79.77352 8.40035,75.56326 24.48995,68.03855 22.60127))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Crocodylia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 570 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002537-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0p7p
title: Data from: Mother knows best: Nest-site choice homogenizes embryo thermal environments among populations in a widespread ectotherm

description: Species with large geographic ranges provide an excellent model of how
 different populations respond to dissimilar local conditions, particularly
 variation in climate. Maternal effects, such as oviposition-site choice
 greatly affect offspring phenotypes and survival. Thus, maternal behavior
 has the potential to mitigate the effects of divergent climatic conditions
 across a species’ range. We delineated natural nesting areas of six
 populations of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) that span a broad
 latitudinal range and quantified spatial and temporal variation in nest
 characteristics. To quantify microhabitats available for females to
 choose, we also identified sites within the nesting area of each location
 that were representative of available thermal microhabitats. Across the
 range females nested non-randomly and targeted microhabitats that
 generally had less canopy cover and thus higher nest temperatures. Nest
 microhabitats differed among locations but did not predictably vary with
 latitude or historic mean air temperature during embryonic development. In
 conjunction with other studies of these populations, nest-site choice
 appears to be homogenizing nest environments, buffering embryos from
 thermally-induced selection, which could stymie evolution of embryonic
 traits. Thus, although effective at a macroclimatic scale, nest-site
 choice may be unable to compensate for novel stressors that rapidly
 increase local temperatures.
description: The processed data included: the Constant Temperature Equivalents
 created by using the models available from Telemeco, Abbott, &
 Janzen (2013) Am.Nat. in MATLAB, the approximate mean, maximum, and
 minimum temperatures for natural nest sites and representative nest sites,
 and the processed hemispherical photos (Gap Light Analyzer) outputs as %
 canopy open.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxps4
title: Taxonomic identification using virtual palaeontology and geometric morphometrics: a case study of Jurassic nerineoidean gastropods

description: Taxonomic identification of fossils is fundamental to a wide range of
 geological and biological disciplines. Many fossil groups are identified
 based on expert judgment, which requires extensive experience and is not
 always available for the specific taxonomic group at hand. Nerineoideans,
 a group of extinct gastropods that formed a major component of Mesozoic
 shallow marine environments, have distinctive internal spiral folds that
 form the basis for their classification at the genus level. However, their
 identification is often inconsistent because it is based on a set of
 selected characters reliant upon individual interpretation. This study
 shows a non-destructive and quantitative method for their identification
 using micro-CT and geometric morphometrics. We examined and
 micro-CT-scanned nerineoidean specimens from five main families that
 dominated Europe, Arabia and Africa during the Middle-Late Jurassic.
 Optimal longitudinal slices were selected from the tomographic
 reconstructions or from images of polished cross-sections compiled from
 fossil collections, published work and online databases. Internal whorl
 outlines were represented by thirty evenly distributed sliding
 semilandmarks and shape variations were studied using the Procrustes-based
 geometric morphometrics method. Multivariate analysis shows that
 Ceritellidae and Ptygmatididae are distinct families, whereas
 Nerinellidae, Eunerineidae and Nerineidae fall within the same shape
 variance and cannot be distinguished based on internal whorl outlines. The
 suggested method can be applied to images from various sources as well as
 to poorly preserved specimens. Our case study demonstrates the importance
 of quantitatively re-evaluating taxonomy in the fossil record, promoting
 the future utility of large datasets.
description: Fifty-eight
 specimens were examined from a wide range of Middle and Upper Jurassic
 palaeo-latitudes from Europe, Asia (Arabia) and Africa in order to capture
 a wide range of cross-sectional shell morphologies from across the Tethys
 shelf. Five of the seven known nerineoidean families in the Tethys Sea
 were included in the analysis: Ceritellidae Wenz, 1940, Ptygmatididae
 Pchelintsev, 1960, Nerinellidae Pchelintsev, 1960, Eunerineidae Kollmann,
 2014 and Nerineidae Zittel, 1873. 
 Twenty-eight of
 the specimens were scanned at the Natural History Museum (London, UK)
 using a micro-CT, and the rest were analyzed using images of polished
 cross-sections compiled from various sources.
description: See attached README file for additional information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15dzm
title: Greater Prairie-chicken data used in "Responses to land cover and grassland management vary across life-history stages for a grassland specialist"

description: Grassland birds have exhibited dramatic and widespread declines since the
 mid-20th century. Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus)
 are considered an umbrella species for grassland conservation and are
 frequent targets of management, but their responses to land use and
 management can be quite variable. We used data collected during 2007-2009
 and 2014-2015 to investigate effects of land use and grassland management
 practices on habitat selection and survival rates of Greater
 Prairie-Chickens in central Wisconsin, USA. We examined habitat,
 nest-site, and brood-rearing site selection by hens and modeled effects of
 land cover and management on survival rates of hens, nests, and broods.
 Prairie-chickens consistently selected grassland over other cover types,
 but selection or avoidance of management practices varied among
 life-history stages. Hen, nest, and brood survival rates were influenced
 by different land cover types and management practices. At the landscape
 scale, hens selected areas where brush and trees had been removed during
 the previous year, which increased hen survival. Hens selected nest sites
 in hay fields and brood-rearing sites in burned areas, but prescribed fire
 had a negative influence on hen survival. Brood survival rates were
 positively associated with grazing and were highest when home ranges
 contained ≈15-20% shrub/tree cover. The effects of landscape composition
 on nest survival were ambiguous. Collectively, our results highlight the
 importance of evaluating responses to management efforts across a range of
 life history stages, and suggest that a variety of management practices
 are likely necessary to provide structurally heterogeneous, high-quality
 habitat for Greater Prairie-Chickens. Brush and tree removal, grazing, hay
 cultivation, and prescribed fire may be especially beneficial for
 prairie-chickens in central Wisconsin, but trade-offs among life-history
 stages and the timing of management practices must be considered
 carefully.
description: Variables in MARK input files have been standardized.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m905qftzr
title: Portable smartphone integrated paper sensors for fluorescence detection of As(III) in groundwater

description: Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a supreme environmental problem,
 and levels of this toxic metalloid must be strictly monitored by a
 portable, sensitive and selective analytical device. Herein, a new system
 of smartphone integrated paper sensors with Cu nanoclusters was
 established for the effective detection of As(III) in groundwater. For the
 integration system, the fluorescence emissive peak of Cu nanoclusters at
 600 nm decreased gradually with increasing As(III) addition. Meanwhile,
 the fluorescence color also changed from orange to colorless, and the
 detection limit was determined as 2.93 nM (0.22 ppb) in a wide detection
 range. The interfering ions also cannot influence the detection
 selectivity of As(III). Furthermore, the portable paper sensors based on
 Cu nanoclusters were fabricated for visual detection of As(III) in
 groundwater. The quantitative determination of As(III) in natural
 groundwater has also been accomplished with the aid of a common
 smartphone. Our work has provided a portable and on-site detection
 technique toward As(III) in groundwater with high sensitivity and
 selectivity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb5q2
title: Relationship between diversity and root biomasss

description: The importance of species richness to ecosystem functioning and services
 is a central tenet of biological conservation. However, most of our theory
 and mechanistic understanding is based on diversity found aboveground. Our
 study sought to better understand the relationship between diversity and
 belowground function by studying root biomass across a plant diversity
 gradient. We collected soil cores from 91 plots with between 1 to 12
 aboveground tree species in three natural secondary forests to measure
 fine root (≤ 2 mm in diameter) biomass. 
description: A subset of 91 plots, representing a gradient in tree species
 richness, were chosen: 30 plots for PM (ranging from 2 to 9 tree species);
 31 plots for CA (1-12 tree species); and 30 plots for CG (1-11 tree
 species). In August 2016, we sampled one soil core ( 10 cm in internal
 diameter) to 30 cm depth (i.e. down to bedrock) in the centre of each
 plot. Fine roots (defined here as roots ≤ 2 mm in diameter) were collected
 from soil samples at each depth and placed into separated plastic bags in
 the field. A total of 273 soil samples were collected and transported to
 the laboratory to determine the total fine root biomass.