cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7045748
title: Mapping of the time available for application of pesticides in the state of Paraná, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. Spraying practices are highly sensitive to variations in climatic conditions, so it the spatial variability of the number of monthly hours available for the application of pesticides in the state of Paraná, Brazil, was determined and analyzed. An hourly time series of the climatic data obtained from 54 meteorological stations from the Paraná, for the years 2004-2014 was analyzed. To determine the number of monthly hours available to perform the applications, the following conditions were established: temperature &lt; 30°C, relative air humidity &gt; 55%, wind speed between 3 and 12 km h-1, and rainfall less than 0.2 mm h-1. After being cross-referenced, these data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistics. A high variability of availability for the performance of the applications was found, with 46.59 hours in June and 285 hours in August. A spatial dependence existed in the time available to perform pesticide applications in the state of Paraná, with variation occurring as a function of the month of the year. The Paraná geographic regions of the Central East, Metropolitan Curitiba, and Southwest are less favorable to perform the application. The mapping allows the management of spraying practices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7045748.v1
title: Mapping of the time available for application of pesticides in the state of Paraná, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. Spraying practices are highly sensitive to variations in climatic conditions, so it the spatial variability of the number of monthly hours available for the application of pesticides in the state of Paraná, Brazil, was determined and analyzed. An hourly time series of the climatic data obtained from 54 meteorological stations from the Paraná, for the years 2004-2014 was analyzed. To determine the number of monthly hours available to perform the applications, the following conditions were established: temperature &lt; 30°C, relative air humidity &gt; 55%, wind speed between 3 and 12 km h-1, and rainfall less than 0.2 mm h-1. After being cross-referenced, these data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistics. A high variability of availability for the performance of the applications was found, with 46.59 hours in June and 285 hours in August. A spatial dependence existed in the time available to perform pesticide applications in the state of Paraná, with variation occurring as a function of the month of the year. The Paraná geographic regions of the Central East, Metropolitan Curitiba, and Southwest are less favorable to perform the application. The mapping allows the management of spraying practices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862015
title: Soil penetration resistance mapping quality: effect of the number of subsamples

description: ABSTRACT. There is no consensus in the literature regarding how many subsamples are needed to perform accurate on-farm soil penetration resistance (SPR) mapping. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the number of subsamples per sampling point needed to quantify the SPR. The experiment was performed in a 4.7 ha area and employed a 50 × 50 m grid system (18 sampling points). The SPR was evaluated using a digital penetrometer in two different years with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 15 subsamples per sampling point. The SPR maps produced with increasing numbers of subsamples were compared to the reference maps (15 subsamples) using the relative deviation coefficient and Pearson´s linear correlation. A reduction in the number of subsamples promoted an increase in the variability of the SPR data. Generally, the results from this study suggest the use of at least four subsamples per sampling point to achieve SPR maps with a coefficient of relative deviation less than 10% (30% maximum error per point around the mean) and significant correlation with the reference maps (15 subsamples).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862015.v1
title: Soil penetration resistance mapping quality: effect of the number of subsamples

description: ABSTRACT. There is no consensus in the literature regarding how many subsamples are needed to perform accurate on-farm soil penetration resistance (SPR) mapping. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the number of subsamples per sampling point needed to quantify the SPR. The experiment was performed in a 4.7 ha area and employed a 50 × 50 m grid system (18 sampling points). The SPR was evaluated using a digital penetrometer in two different years with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 15 subsamples per sampling point. The SPR maps produced with increasing numbers of subsamples were compared to the reference maps (15 subsamples) using the relative deviation coefficient and Pearson´s linear correlation. A reduction in the number of subsamples promoted an increase in the variability of the SPR data. Generally, the results from this study suggest the use of at least four subsamples per sampling point to achieve SPR maps with a coefficient of relative deviation less than 10% (30% maximum error per point around the mean) and significant correlation with the reference maps (15 subsamples).
DOI: 10.17172/nomad/2022.05.30-1
title: NOMAD dataset: REGCMD simulation of Si(100) surface in a H2 gas phase
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6083705
title: Chromium accumulation in maize and cowpea after successive applications of composted tannery sludge

description: ABSTRACT. Chromium (Cr) accumulation in soil and plants has been reported after successive applications of tannery sludge, which is a matter of concern because Cr can promote environmental contamination and affect the food chain. In this study, we evaluated the growth of and Cr accumulation in maize and cowpea after seven years of consecutive applications of composted tannery sludge (CTS) under field conditions. The experiment consisted of application of CTS at five levels: 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1 (dry basis). The growth of and Cr accumulation in maize and cowpea were evaluated at 75 and 65 days after plant emergence, respectively. CTS application increased the shoot biomass of maize and cowpea. Accumulation of Cr was similar for both plant species, with higher accumulation in roots. However, Cr accumulation in grains differed as the CTS doses increased; cowpea accumulated more Cr while maize did not accumulate more Cr in grains with higher CTS doses. In conclusion, application of CTS led to higher growth of maize and cowpea plants, and both species exhibited similar Cr accumulation in roots and shoots.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6083705.v1
title: Chromium accumulation in maize and cowpea after successive applications of composted tannery sludge

description: ABSTRACT. Chromium (Cr) accumulation in soil and plants has been reported after successive applications of tannery sludge, which is a matter of concern because Cr can promote environmental contamination and affect the food chain. In this study, we evaluated the growth of and Cr accumulation in maize and cowpea after seven years of consecutive applications of composted tannery sludge (CTS) under field conditions. The experiment consisted of application of CTS at five levels: 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1 (dry basis). The growth of and Cr accumulation in maize and cowpea were evaluated at 75 and 65 days after plant emergence, respectively. CTS application increased the shoot biomass of maize and cowpea. Accumulation of Cr was similar for both plant species, with higher accumulation in roots. However, Cr accumulation in grains differed as the CTS doses increased; cowpea accumulated more Cr while maize did not accumulate more Cr in grains with higher CTS doses. In conclusion, application of CTS led to higher growth of maize and cowpea plants, and both species exhibited similar Cr accumulation in roots and shoots.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7045979
title: Comparison of methods to quantify soil microbial biomass carbon

description: ABSTRACT. Soil microorganism biomass is an important soil quality indicator. The microbial biomass of soil was determined by killing and lysing the soil microbes by fumigation with chloroform, irradiation with gamma rays, or irradiation with microwaves. Four soils with increasing carbon concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 30 g kg-1) were analyzed using four methods: the direct application of chloroform, chloroform fumigation, microwave irradiation, and gamma ray irradiation with radiation doses of 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 KGy. The fungi and bacteria in the soil were quantified by plate counting. Microwave irradiation and gamma irradiation with doses equal to or above 25 KGy killed all the soil microorganisms, but the chloroform methods did not. The carbon liberation increased with higher gamma doses, while the microbe mortality rates were the same, indicating that carbon was liberated from organic matter sources other than microorganisms. The biomasses determined by the microwave method correlated with those determined by the fumigation and 25 KGy gamma irradiation methods, but their values differed among all methods for at least one soil type. Despite this discrepancy, all methods were consistent in ranking microbial biomasses in increasing order of soil carbon concentrations, which corresponds with decreasing land use intensities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7045979.v1
title: Comparison of methods to quantify soil microbial biomass carbon

description: ABSTRACT. Soil microorganism biomass is an important soil quality indicator. The microbial biomass of soil was determined by killing and lysing the soil microbes by fumigation with chloroform, irradiation with gamma rays, or irradiation with microwaves. Four soils with increasing carbon concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 30 g kg-1) were analyzed using four methods: the direct application of chloroform, chloroform fumigation, microwave irradiation, and gamma ray irradiation with radiation doses of 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 KGy. The fungi and bacteria in the soil were quantified by plate counting. Microwave irradiation and gamma irradiation with doses equal to or above 25 KGy killed all the soil microorganisms, but the chloroform methods did not. The carbon liberation increased with higher gamma doses, while the microbe mortality rates were the same, indicating that carbon was liberated from organic matter sources other than microorganisms. The biomasses determined by the microwave method correlated with those determined by the fumigation and 25 KGy gamma irradiation methods, but their values differed among all methods for at least one soil type. Despite this discrepancy, all methods were consistent in ranking microbial biomasses in increasing order of soil carbon concentrations, which corresponds with decreasing land use intensities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832184
title: Depth distribution of exchangeable aluminum in acid soils: A study from subtropical Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. Due to potential crop toxicity, high aluminum (Al) availability requires increased attention when preparing agricultural soils. However, research examining the relationship between depth distribution of Al and soil weathering has received little priority in Brazil, particularly regarding the number of soil profiles investigated. This study analyzed 38 acid soils selected from Soil Surveys in southern Brazil to identify and isolate the effects of organic and mineral components on depth distribution of exchangeable Al extracted with KCl (AlKCl). These soil profiles were divided into the following three groups based on AlKCl depth distribution: Group I - decrease with depth; Group II - little variation with depth; and Group III - increase with depth. High AlKCl found near the surface of well-developed soils (Group I) was influenced by organic matter content, while mineral fraction quality defined the occurrence of high AlKCl in subsurface horizons of Group III. The depth distribution of AlKCl was defined by the degree of weathering in these subtropical soils. Possessing a knowledge of these soil groupings may aid in soil acidity management to optimize crop productivity in southern Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832184.v1
title: Depth distribution of exchangeable aluminum in acid soils: A study from subtropical Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. Due to potential crop toxicity, high aluminum (Al) availability requires increased attention when preparing agricultural soils. However, research examining the relationship between depth distribution of Al and soil weathering has received little priority in Brazil, particularly regarding the number of soil profiles investigated. This study analyzed 38 acid soils selected from Soil Surveys in southern Brazil to identify and isolate the effects of organic and mineral components on depth distribution of exchangeable Al extracted with KCl (AlKCl). These soil profiles were divided into the following three groups based on AlKCl depth distribution: Group I - decrease with depth; Group II - little variation with depth; and Group III - increase with depth. High AlKCl found near the surface of well-developed soils (Group I) was influenced by organic matter content, while mineral fraction quality defined the occurrence of high AlKCl in subsurface horizons of Group III. The depth distribution of AlKCl was defined by the degree of weathering in these subtropical soils. Possessing a knowledge of these soil groupings may aid in soil acidity management to optimize crop productivity in southern Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861862.v1
title: Interrelationship between morphological, agronomic and molecular characteristics in the analysis of common bean genetic diversity

description: ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to analyze, through 12 morpho-agronomic traits and 18 micro satellite loci, the genetic diversity in 17 common bean accessions from the Bean Germplasm Bank of the Center for Applied Agricultural Research of the State University of Maringá (BGF/Nupagri/UEM), in Paraná State, Brazil. Genetic diversity was assessed by joint analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics using the Genetics platform of SAS software. To that end, a dissimilarity matrix was constructed based on the Jaccard index. This was used to generate a dendrogram via UPGMA hierarchical clustering, validated by multidimensional scaling and nonorthogonal principal components analysis. Based on genetic diversity analysis, the accessions were clustered into two large groups: one consisting of 11 accessions of Andean origin and the other containing six Mesoamerican accessions. The 17 accessions from the BGF/Nupagri/UEM were found to be an important source of genetic variability for inclusion in common bean breeding programs, contributing to the development of cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861862
title: Interrelationship between morphological, agronomic and molecular characteristics in the analysis of common bean genetic diversity

description: ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to analyze, through 12 morpho-agronomic traits and 18 micro satellite loci, the genetic diversity in 17 common bean accessions from the Bean Germplasm Bank of the Center for Applied Agricultural Research of the State University of Maringá (BGF/Nupagri/UEM), in Paraná State, Brazil. Genetic diversity was assessed by joint analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics using the Genetics platform of SAS software. To that end, a dissimilarity matrix was constructed based on the Jaccard index. This was used to generate a dendrogram via UPGMA hierarchical clustering, validated by multidimensional scaling and nonorthogonal principal components analysis. Based on genetic diversity analysis, the accessions were clustered into two large groups: one consisting of 11 accessions of Andean origin and the other containing six Mesoamerican accessions. The 17 accessions from the BGF/Nupagri/UEM were found to be an important source of genetic variability for inclusion in common bean breeding programs, contributing to the development of cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861631.v1
title: Parental selection in diallel crosses of Jatropha curcas using mixed models

description: ABSTRACT. Diallel crosses in an unbalanced scheme were carried out in Jatropha to (i) evaluate the additive and non-additive genetic components; (ii) select parents through the general combining ability; (iii) estimate the specific combining ability used in the crosses; and (iv) verify the existence of the maternal effect and inbreeding depression. The experiment was carried out in a complete diallel scheme with four progenitors, unbalanced for the number of crosses. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block, with 5 replications and 3 plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: stem diameter (SD), number of branches (NB), plant height (PH), canopy projection on the row (CPR), canopy projection between rows (CPB), mass of hundred grains (MHG) and grain yield (GY). Estimates of variances were obtained using the method of restricted maximum likelihood, while breeding values were estimated by the best linear unbiased prediction. It was concluded that the additive effect was predominant in the genetic control for SD, CPR, and CPB; the dominance effect was predominant for PH, NB, and GY; there was a cytoplasmic effect and nuclear genes of the female parent for all evaluated traits; parents 107 and 190 are promising for reducing the size and increasing the grain yield; there was inbreeding depression for SD and GY; and the favorable crosses for increasing GY were 190x107 and 190x190.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861820
title: Linkage disequilibrium and population structure in Fragaria chiloensis revealed by SSR markers transferred from commercial strawberry

description: ABSTRACT. The Chilean strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.] is the maternal progenitor of the commercial strawberry (Fragaria ( ananassa Duch.), which is characterized by fruits with high organoleptic quality and is well-suited to areas where drought and salinity represent a constraint on crop growth and productivity. We examined the patterns of linkage disequilibrium, genetic diversity and population structure among 54 accessions of F. chiloensis to understand the genetic basis of this species. We used a core microsatellite marker set (n = 95) from a consensus linkage map of strawberry. A transferability rate of 82.1% (78/95) was found, and 38 markers were selected for this study. The SSR primers produced a total of 259 alleles, which varied between 112 and 342 bp. Lower genetic diversity at the species level (HE = 0.17, Shannon’s index = 0.28) was found compared to previous studies of this species. No climatic region pattern for SSR diversity was observed. Structure analysis suggests that the accessions are grouped into three significantly differentiated clusters. Pairwise estimates of φST indicated a low degree of differentiation between the three genetic groups (φST = 0.023 to 0.06). These groups are in concordance with potential glacial refugia in the region, with many accessions being an admixture of them.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861631
title: Parental selection in diallel crosses of Jatropha curcas using mixed models

description: ABSTRACT. Diallel crosses in an unbalanced scheme were carried out in Jatropha to (i) evaluate the additive and non-additive genetic components; (ii) select parents through the general combining ability; (iii) estimate the specific combining ability used in the crosses; and (iv) verify the existence of the maternal effect and inbreeding depression. The experiment was carried out in a complete diallel scheme with four progenitors, unbalanced for the number of crosses. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block, with 5 replications and 3 plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: stem diameter (SD), number of branches (NB), plant height (PH), canopy projection on the row (CPR), canopy projection between rows (CPB), mass of hundred grains (MHG) and grain yield (GY). Estimates of variances were obtained using the method of restricted maximum likelihood, while breeding values were estimated by the best linear unbiased prediction. It was concluded that the additive effect was predominant in the genetic control for SD, CPR, and CPB; the dominance effect was predominant for PH, NB, and GY; there was a cytoplasmic effect and nuclear genes of the female parent for all evaluated traits; parents 107 and 190 are promising for reducing the size and increasing the grain yield; there was inbreeding depression for SD and GY; and the favorable crosses for increasing GY were 190x107 and 190x190.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832547
title: Adaptability and stability assessment of bean cultivars of the carioca commercial group by a Bayesian approach

description: ABSTRACT. To develop new bean commercial cultivars, a series of experiments called Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) assays are necessary. Bayesian analysis using information on prior VCU trials is an alternative to obtain greater precision during genotype selection. The objective of the present work was to select, under a Bayesian perspective, genotypes of the carioca bean from the state of Paraná that combine high adaptability and phenotypic stability, using information from previous VCU assays. This study used data from six experiments conducted in a randomized block design, in which the grain yield of 18 genotypes was assayed. To represent weakly informative prior distributions, the study used probability distributions with high variance; to represent informative prior distributions, it adopted the meta-analysis concept used in prior VCU assays (2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014). Bayesian inference provided greater precision in selecting carioca bean genotypes with high adaptability and phenotypical stability through the Eberhart and Russell method. The Bayes factor indicated that the use of a priori information gives more accurate results for genotype selection. According to the study, most genotypes are widely adaptable based on informative priors, except for the Bola Cheia cultivar, which has specific adaptability to favorable environments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832547.v1
title: Adaptability and stability assessment of bean cultivars of the carioca commercial group by a Bayesian approach

description: ABSTRACT. To develop new bean commercial cultivars, a series of experiments called Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) assays are necessary. Bayesian analysis using information on prior VCU trials is an alternative to obtain greater precision during genotype selection. The objective of the present work was to select, under a Bayesian perspective, genotypes of the carioca bean from the state of Paraná that combine high adaptability and phenotypic stability, using information from previous VCU assays. This study used data from six experiments conducted in a randomized block design, in which the grain yield of 18 genotypes was assayed. To represent weakly informative prior distributions, the study used probability distributions with high variance; to represent informative prior distributions, it adopted the meta-analysis concept used in prior VCU assays (2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014). Bayesian inference provided greater precision in selecting carioca bean genotypes with high adaptability and phenotypical stability through the Eberhart and Russell method. The Bayes factor indicated that the use of a priori information gives more accurate results for genotype selection. According to the study, most genotypes are widely adaptable based on informative priors, except for the Bola Cheia cultivar, which has specific adaptability to favorable environments.