DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwtb7
title: Data from: Variation in thermal courtship activity curves across individuals exceeds variation across populations and sexes

description: The dynamics of mating interactions can vary in response to a wide variety
 of environmental factors. Here, we investigate the potential for
 individuals to vary consistently in the environmental conditions under
 which they actively engage in courtship. We describe variation in how
 courtship activity changes with environmental temperature in Enchenopa
 binotata treehoppers. Male E. binotata produce vibrational courtship
 signals and receptive females respond with their own sex-specific
 vibrational courtship signal. We tested each individual twice for the
 production of courtship signals across a range of ecologically
 ecologically-relevant temperatures. Then, we measured repeatability and
 variability in the resulting thermal courtship activity curves, including
 the temperature of peak activity and tolerance to thermal extremes. We
 also looked at patterns of variation across populations. We found minimal
 variation across populations, but significant variation across
 individuals. Specifically, we found prevalent repeatability how thermally
 generalized or specialized individuals are. However, repeatability was
 limited to females only. We also found higher variability in female traits
 than in male traits, although patterns of variability did not always
 predict patterns of repeatability. These results suggest that thermal
 variation could alter the dynamics of mate competition, and that—due to
 potentially different selective optima for males and females—the sexes may
 respond to changes in temperature in different ways. Specifically, females
 show a higher potential to adapt but males show a higher potential to be
 more robust to changes in temperature due to overall higher courtship
 activity.
description: Data set collected by testing whether individuals court or not
 across a range of temperatures. Data in the data set are the output of
 cubic splines generated from each individual tested, when that individual
 was tested successfully across 5 or more temperatures.
description: # Variation in thermal courtship activity curves
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwtb7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwtb7) ## Description of the data and file structure Variation in thermal courtship activity curves across populations, sexes and individuals Principle Investigator Contact Information Name: Kasey Fowler-Finn Institution: Saint Louis University Email: kasey.fowlerfinn@slu.edu Dataset Overview This dataset contains raw audio recordings of Enchenopa binotata treehoppers that were collected across multiple populations over the course of three years. These individuals were tested to determine courtship activity across a thermal gradient, with trials being conducted at the following target temperatures: 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36 ° C. This dataset contains audio recordings where treehoppers were actively courting. Recordings where no signaling was present were not saved and were marked as no calls. All signals are saved in their original .wav format. The provided dataset also contains the primers and code necessary for replicating recordings that were taken for this experiment. This includes several variations of a male call at differing temperatures and frequencies, and a male-female duet. In addition, the dataset contains the thermal courtship activity curves for population-level and among-sex variation in treehoppers. The necessary MatLab code for testing female courtship activity is also included within this dataset. Date of Data Collection 2017 - 2019 Locations of Data Collection Grindstone Natural Area in Columbia, MO (Latitude, Longitude: 38.927133, -92.320419) – collected from in 2018 Cedar Bog Nature Reserve in Urbana, OH (Latitude, Longitude: 40.057807, -83.796136) – collected from in 2018 Rockford, IL (Latitude, Longitude: 42.354726, -89.004912) – collected from in 2018 Medford, MA (Latitude, Longitude: 42.409860, -71.100234) – collected from in 2017, 2018, 2019 Methodology To obtain the audio files, individuals were acclimated at the selected testing temperature before being placed on a testing plant in an incubator. The insect was provided two minutes to settle before vibrational courtship primers were played. These files were played using a program run out of MatLab. If treehoppers responded to any primers, the files were saved. If treehoppers did not engage in any courtship behaviors, the audio file was not saved. All audio files obtained were saved in a .wav format and were saved with file names that did not disclose what temperature they were tested at in order to reduce potential bias in analysis. Data Formats .wav: All audio files are saved in the .wav format; these files contain the raw audio recorded from treehoppers that were placed in signaling trials .xlsx/xls: Excel files used for organizing data regarding the results of courtship trials and can include the data such as individual ID, population information, temperature information for each trial, frequency, and duration of signals .m: MatLab files contain the code necessary to run playbacks for the female courtship activity trials, which includes offering multiple male signals at different temperatures. All MatLab files are annotated for ease of use.### Files and variables Data and File structure Audio files within this dataset require the use of a digital audio editor. One free and accessible program is Audacity, which was used to record the files in this dataset and later in the analysis of those files. In order to replicate this experiment, MatLab is necessary to run code essential to conducting female courtship activity trials. Due to the large number of sound files, files within this dataset are separated into folders based on year, location, and sex. A separate folder will also contain all primers and .m files necessary for repeating this experiment. The following section will provide the names of all folders in this dataset, a brief description of the data present, and an explanation for the naming scheme of the files. Files that contain the datasets for the thermal courtship activity curves are saved in a folder with their own unique READMEs that explain the formatting of the file. Enchenopa_primers.zip This folder contains the necessary primers (both the male-female duet needed for male trials and the temperature primers needed for female trials) for courtship activity trials. This folder also contains the MatLab program files necessary to run the female trials. All of the audio files contained in this folder are in the .wav format. The MatLab files are in a .m format and contain annotations explaining how they work. BostonQG_17_female.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of female treehoppers collected from the Medford, MA site in 2017. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT NUMBER)(PLANT REPLICATE)_(INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be BOSQG17_F11A_red_1. BostonQG_18_male.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of male treehoppers collected from the Medford, MA site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT NUMBER)(PLANT REPLICATE)_(INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be BOSQG18_F11A_white_1. BostonQG_18_female.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of female treehoppers collected from the Medford, MA site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT NUMBER)(PLANT REPLICATE)_(INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be BOSQG18_F29B_white_1. BostonQG_19_male.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of male treehoppers collected from the Medford, MA site in 2019. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT NUMBER)(PLANT REPLICATE)_(INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be BOSQG18_F62A_blue_1. BostonQG_19_female.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of female treehoppers collected from the Medford, MA site in 2019. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT NUMBER)(PLANT REPLICATE)_(INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be BOSQG18_F42A_green_1. Rockford_18_male.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of male treehoppers collected from the Rockford, IL site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(PLANT REPLICATE)\_ (INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SEX)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be RF05_white_M_1. Rockford_18_female.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of female treehoppers collected from the Rockford, IL site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT REPLICATE)\_ (INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SEX)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be RF18_Rep2_red_F_1. Ohio_18_male.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of male treehoppers collected from the Urbana, OH site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT REPLICATE)\_ (INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be OH18_Rep2_whiteblue_1. Ohio_18_female.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of female treehoppers collected from the Urbana, OH site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)(YEAR)_(PLANT REPLICATE)\_ (INDIVIDUAL COLOR)_(SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this format would be OH18_Rep6_red_1. Columbia_18_male.zip This folder contains the sound files with courtship activity of male treehoppers collected from the Columbia, MO site in 2018. These files are named using the following format: (SITE LOCATION)_(REPLICATE NUMBER)_(INDIVIDUAL COLOR)\_ (SUCCESSFUL RECORDING W/ COURTSHIP ACTIVITY #). An example of this would be COMO_Rep1_redyellow_1. Thermal_activity_curve.zip This folder contains .txt files with the data used to generate thermal courtship activity curves. Each file has its own unique README .txt document with descriptions of the data and explanations for all the variables present within the file.