cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/xwz6-0955
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - McWethy Fire Data from Lake Kirkpatrick, New Zealand - IMPD NZKPL001

description: Human-caused forest transitions are documented worldwide, especially during periods when land use by dense agriculturally-based populations intensified. However, the rate at which prehistoric human activities led to permanent deforestation is poorly resolved. In the South Island, New Zealand, the arrival of Polynesians c. 750 years ago resulted in dramatic forest loss and conversion of nearly half of native forests to open vegetation. This transformation, termed the Initial Burning Period, is documented in pollen and charcoal records, but its speed has been poorly constrained. High-resolution chronologies developed with a series of AMS radiocarbon dates from two lake sediment cores suggest the shift from forest to shrubland occurred within decades rather than centuries at drier sites. We examine two sites representing extreme examples of the magnitude of human impacts: a drier site that was inherently more vulnerable to human-set fires and a wetter, less burnable site. The astonishing rate of deforestation at the hands of small transient populations resulted from the intrinsic vulnerability of the native flora to fire and from positive feedbacks in post-fire vegetation recovery that increased landscape flammability. Spatially targeting burning in highly-flammable seral vegetation in forests rarely experiencing fire was sufficient to create an alternate fire-prone stable state. The New Zealand example illustrates how seemingly stable forest ecosystems can experience rapid and permanent conversions. Forest loss in New Zealand is among the fastest ecological transitions documented in the Holocene; yet equally rapid transitions can be expected in present-day regions wherever positive feedbacks support alternate fire-inhibiting, fire-prone stable states.
description: ;Keywords, Deforestation, human impacts, fire, positive feedbacks, tipping points, paleoecology, forest transitions, land-use change, alternate stable states; 
 
Collectors, Janet Wilmshurst, David McWethy;
 
Site size (ha), 3;
 
Contact person, "David McWethy, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University,dmcwethy@montana.edu"; 
 
Sample storage location, Montana State University MT;
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17361487
title: Human monocytes-derived macrophages

description: Human monocytes-derived macrophages before and after co-culture with AML cells.
DOI: 10.25921/xjqr-ch76
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Griggs - Four Structures East of Lake Ontario - TSCA - ITRDB NY045

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Purpose of Collection:
# Archaeology - construction (felling dates)
# Cores are stored at:
# Cornell Tree Ring Laboratory Archive, Cornell University
# Notes:
# Most probable source is western Adirondacks; all buildings were constructed 
# after the lumber trade began.  Historic dates are from crossdating site 
# chronologies with each other and with the Adirondack TSCA and Roaring Brook TSCA chronologies of ER Cook (on ITRDB).  Cook's data sets are from the northeastern Adirondacks, and the statistics between site chronologies (average ~10.00 Student's t-score) are much higher than those between them and the eastern Adirondack chronologies (~5.00 t-scores). 
# References:
# Spooner House report (ID#102___) available at 
# http://dendro.cornell.edu/projects/nena/Spooner.pdf, 
# and through the New York State Museum, Albany, NY.  
# Reports on the two Ives Houses (ID#s 707___ and 708___) 
# and the Chemung Canal Lock #3 (ID# UCCL__) are available upon request. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/xk88-6t61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Malawi 1.3MYr Geochemical Data and Principal Components Analysis

description: The transport of moisture in the tropics is a critical process for the global energy budget and on geologic timescales, has markedly influenced continental landscapes, migratory pathways, and biological evolution. Here we present a continuous, first-of-its-kind 1.3-My record of continental hydroclimate and lake-level variability derived from drill core data from Lake Malawi, East Africa (9-15S). Over the Quaternary, we observe dramatic shifts in effective moisture, resulting in large-scale changes in one of the world's largest lakes and most diverse freshwater ecosystems. Results show evidence for 24 lake level drops of more than 200 m during the Late Quaternary, including 15 lowstands when water levels were more than 400 m lower than modern. A dramatic shift is observed at the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), consistent with far-field climate forcing, which separates vastly different hydroclimate regimes before and after ~800,000 years ago. Before 800 ka, lake levels were lower, indicating a climate drier than today, and water levels changed frequently. Following the MPT high-amplitude lake level variations dominate the record. From 800 to 100 ka, a deep, often overfilled lake occupied the basin, indicating a wetter climate, but these highstands were interrupted by prolonged intervals of extreme drought. Periods of high lake level are observed during times of high eccentricity. The extreme hydroclimate variability exerted a profound influence on the Lake Malawi endemic cichlid fish species flock; the geographically extensive habitat reconfiguration provided novel ecological opportunities, enabling new populations to differentiate rapidly to distinct species. 
description: Continuous geochemical data and principal components analysis for sediments collectd in Lake Malawi, East Africa, for the past 1.3 million years.  PCA was performed on total organic carbon (TOC), d13C of organic matter, saturated bulk density, carbonate abundance, and lightness of color (L*).
DOI: 10.25921/xbrn-p124
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Fennoscandia 2000 Year June-July Temperature Reconstruction

description: Here we analyse the maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies of two published tree-ring data sets: one from Tornetrask region in northernmost Sweden (TORN; Melvin et al., 2013) and one from northern Fennoscandia (FENN; Esper et al., 2012). We paid particular attention to the MXD low-frequency variations to reconstruct summer (June-August, JJA) long-term temperature history. We used published methods of tree-ring standardization: regional curve standardization (RCS) combined with signal-free implementation. Comparisons with RCS chronologies produced using single and multiple (non-climatic) ageing curves (to be removed from the initial MXD series) were also carried out. We develop a novel method of standardization, the correction implementation of signal-free standardization, tailored for detection of pure low-frequency signal in tree-ring chronologies. In this method, the error in RCS chronology with signal-free implementation is analytically assessed and extracted to produce an advanced chronology. The importance of correction becomes obvious at lower frequencies as smoothed chronologies become progressively more correlative with correction implementation. Subsampling the FENN data to mimic the lower chronology sample size of TORN data shows that the chronologies bifurcate during the 7th, 9th, 17th and 20th centuries. We used the two MXD data sets to reconstruct summer temperature variations over the period 8 BC through AD 2010. Our new reconstruction shows multi-decadal to multi-centennial variability with changes in the amplitude of the summer temperature of 2.2C on average during the Common Era. Although the MXD data provide palaeoclimate research with a highly reliable summer temperature proxy, the bifurcating dendroclimatic signals identified in the two data sets imply that future research should aim at a more advanced understanding of MXD data on distinct issues: (1) influence of past population density variations on MXD production, (2) potential biases when calibrating differently produced MXD data to produce one proxy record, (3) influence of the biological age of MXD data when introducing young trees into the chronology over the most recent past and (4) possible role of waterlogging in MXD production when analysing tree-ring data of riparian trees.
description: Northern Fennoscandia June-July temperature reconstruction over the last two millennia based on a maximum latewood density of subfossil and modern tree rings
DOI: 10.25921/xkb4-9k22
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - St. George and Nielsen 2002 Southern Manitoba Annual Precipitation Reconstruction

description: A record of estimated annual (prior August to current July) precipitation derived from a regional bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) tree-ring chronology indicates that southern Manitoba's hydroclimate has been relatively stable over the last 200 yr. Although this stability was interrupted briefly by pronounced wet intervals in the late A.D. 1820s and 1850s, hydroclimatic conditions since permanent Euro-Canadian settlement were much less variable and persistent than those prior to A.D. 1790. The reconstruction indicates that the Red River basin experienced extremely dry conditions between A.D. 1670 and 1775, with below-normal precipitation occurring approximately 2 years out of 3. Annual precipitation was estimated at more than two standard deviations below the mean during A.D. 1477, 1485, 1556, 1595, 1612, 1644, 1661, 1743, 1900, and 1980. Comparisons with limnological records from North Dakota and Minnesota suggest that multidecadal fluctuations in regional hydroclimate have been remarkably coherent across the northeastern Great Plains during the last 600 yr. However, individual dry years in the Red River basin were usually associated with larger scale drought across much of the North American interior.
description: Southern Manitoba annual precipitation reconstruction at Winnipeg, based on tree ring chronologies from living, archaeological, and sub-fossil samples. Alluvial logs: Assiniboine River, Red River. Historial timbers: Manitoba Historical. Live trees: Bruce Park, Fort Dufferin, Horseshoe Lake, Hyland Park, Kildonan Park, LaBarriere Park, Marais River, Munson Park, Parker Farm, Remus Farm, Shay, St. Agathe, St. Jean Baptiste, St. Norbert Park, St. Vital Park, Winnipeg. ITRDB filenames cana176-cana194.rwl. Regional chronology: cana194.crn, cana194.txt.
DOI: 10.25921/xwfv-gf55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wiles - Wright Mountain - TSME - ITRDB AK150

description: A 1200-year-long tree-ring width record from living and subfossil mountain hemlock wood is used to reconstruct February through August temperatures for the Gulf of Alaska, providing a record of past climate variability for the Northeast Pacific sector that captures interannual to centennial timescales. The moderate elevation at the tree-ring sites has allowed these trees to retain their temperature signal without evidence of the so-called divergence effect, or underestimation of tree-ring inferred temperature trends, which is observed at many northern latitude forest locations. This 'divergence-free' reconstruction reveals centennial trends that include a warm interval centered on ad 950 for coastal Alaska that occurs around the time of the 'Medieval Warm Period', a warming that is only rivaled by recent decades. Spectral analysis of this reconstruction supports the centennial pacing identified as a 170-220-year cadence consistent with solar variability. On the decadal to bidecadal scale, the reconstruction reveals ~10- and 18-year cycles, which have been observed elsewhere in climate records for western North America and are linked to solar and lunar tidal forcing, respectively. Temperature minima that occur at ad 969-970 and 1698-1700 correspond with the timing of major volcanic events. This tree-ring reconstruction supports centennial modes of solar forcing as a driver of surface air temperatures in the Gulf of Alaska, with lunar tidal, solar variability, internal variability, and volcanism, impacting climate on annual to decadal timescales. 
description: Mountain Hemlock site along the southern ridge to Mount Wright NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/x6m4-5c80
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Heron Reef Acropora inter-branch skeleton Sr/Ca Data from 2009-2014

description: The majority of coral geochemistry-based paleoclimate reconstructions in the Indo-Pacific are conducted on selectively cored colonies of massive Porites. This restriction to a single genus may make it difficult to amass the required paleoclimate data for studies that require deep reef coring techniques. Acropora, however, is a highly abundant coral genus in both modern and fossil reef systems and displays potential as a novel climate archive. Here we present a calibration study for Sr/Ca ratios recovered from interbranch skeleton in corymbose Acropora colonies from Heron Reef, southern Great Barrier Reef. Significant intercolony differences in absolute Sr/Ca ratios were normalized by producing anomaly plots of both coral geochemistry and instrumental water temperature records. Weighted linear regression of these anomalies from the lagoon and fore-reef slope provide a sensitivity of −0.05 mmol/mol °C−1, with a correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.65) comparable to those of genera currently used in paleoclimate reconstructions. Reconstructions of lagoon and reef slope mean seasonality in water temperature accurately identify the greater seasonal amplitude observed in the lagoon of Heron Reef. A longer calibration period is, however, required for reliable reconstructions of annual mean water temperatures.
description: Modern Sr/Ca data from the inter-branch skeleton of Acropora humilis group corals. Data are anchor points used in the generation of a transfer equation between coral Sr/Ca and water temperature. No interpolation has been applied to these values, only a four point running mean from the raw ICP-MS data. ICP-MS Sr/Ca precision: 0.4. Heron lagoon instrumental water temperature reported instrumental accuracy: 0.02 deg C. Heron slope instrumental water temperature reported instrumental accuracy: 0.005 deg C. 
     Provided Keywords: Acropora, inter-branch skeleton, Sr/Ca
DOI: 10.25921/xm5s-np64
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Florida Straits 35 - 20 KYrBP Mg/Ca SST and d18Osw Reconstructions

description: Abrupt, millennial-scale climate oscillations, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles, characterized the climate system of the last glacial period. Although proxy evidence shows that D-O cycles resulted in large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation patterns around the planet, an understanding of how Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) varied across these events remains unclear. Here, we take advantage of the fact that both tropical atmospheric circulation changes corresponding to north-south shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and large-scale changes in ocean circulation associated with AMOC variability can be reconstructed in the same sediment core from the Florida Straits to examine the relationship between atmospheric and ocean circulation changes across D-O events. To reconstruct surface water conditions, Mg/Ca-paleothermometry and stable isotope measurements were combined on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white variety) from sediment core KNR166-2 JPC26 (24 19.61'N, 83 15.14'W; 546 m depth) to reconstruct a high-resolution record of sea surface temperature and d18OSEAWATER (a proxy for upper mixed layer salinity) during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2 and 3 from 20 - 35 ka BP. As an additional proxy for upper water column salinity change, we also generate a faunal abundance record of the salinity-sensitive planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. Our results suggest that rapid reductions in sea surface salinity occurred at the onset of D-O interstadials, while stadials are characterized by increased surface salinities. The most likely cause of these salinity changes was variation in the strength and position of the ITCZ across D-O events.  Finally, we examine the relationship between millennial-scale atmospheric circulation changes recorded in the planktonic records and ocean circulation changes inferred from the benthic d18O record from our core. Our results provide some of the first evidence that AMOC strength did vary across at least one of the millennial-scale D-O cycles of MIS 3.
description: Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and abundance data plus reconstructed SST and d18O-seawater from a Florida Straits sediment core covering the Last Glacial Maximum and Marine Isotope Stage 3 (35 - 20 KYrBP).
DOI: 10.25921/xwsx-0t28
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Porter - Thomas Creek TH1 - PCGL - ITRDB CANA550

description: We present a new 23-site network of white spruce ring-width chronologies near boreal treeline in Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, Canada. Most chronologies span the last 300 years and some reach the mid-16th century. The chronologies exhibit coherent growth patterns before the 1930s. However, since the 1930s, they diverge in trend and exhibit one of two contrasting, but well-replicated patterns we call Group 1 and Group 2. Over the instrumental period (1930-2007) Group 1 sites were inversely correlated with previous-year July temperatures while Group 2 sites were positively correlated with growth-year June temperatures. At the broader northwestern North America (NWNA) scale, we find that the Group 1 and Group 2 patterns are common to a number of white spruce chronologies, which we call NWNA 1 and NWNA 2 chronologies. The NWNA 1 and NWNA 2 chronologies also share a single coherent growth pattern prior to their divergence (ca. 1950s). Comparison of the NWNA 1/NWNA 2 chronologies against gridded 20th-century temperatures for NWNA and reconstructed northern hemisphere summer temperatures (ad 1300-2000) indicates that all sites responded positively to temperature prior to the mid-20th century (at least back to ad 1300), but that some changed to a negative response (NWNA 1) while others maintained a positive response (NWNA 2). The spatial extent of divergence implies a large-scale forcing. As the divergence appears to be restricted to the 20th century, we suggest that the temperature response shift represents a moisture stress caused by an anomalously warm, dry 20th-century climate in NWNA, as indicated by paleoclimatic records. However, because some sites do not diverge and are located within a few kilometres of divergent sites, we speculate that site-level factors have been important in determining the susceptibility of sites to the large-scale drivers of divergence.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/x9g7-8z46
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wise - Burge Mountain - PIPO - ITRDB WA137

description: Moisture delivery to western North America is closely linked to variability in the westerly storm tracks of midlatitude cyclones, which are, in turn, modified by larger-scale features such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation system. Instrumental and modeling data suggest that extratropical storm tracks may be intensifying and shifting poleward due to anthropogenic climate change, but it is difficult to separate recent trends from natural variability because of the large amount of decadal and longer variation in storm tracks and their limited instrumental record. We reconstruct cool-season, midlatitude Pacific storm-track position and intensity from 1693 to 1995 CE using existing tree-ring chronologies along with a network of newly developed chronologies from the U.S. Pacific Northwest, where small variations in storm-track position can have a major influence on hydroclimate patterns. Our results show high interannual-to-multidecadal variability in storm-track position and intensity over the past 303 years, with spectral signatures characteristic of tropical and northern Pacific influences. Comparison with reconstructions of precipitation and tropical sea surface temperature confirms the relationship between shifting drought patterns in the Pacific Northwest and storm-track variability through time and demonstrates the long-term influence of El Niño. These results allow us to place recent storm-track changes in the context of decadal and multidecadal fluctuations across the long-term record, showing that recent changes in storm-track intensity likely represent a warming-related increase amplified by natural decadal variability.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/xhvm-rw64
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Villalba - Castaño Overo 6 - NOPU - ITRDB ARGE106

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-13. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-29.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.h688zn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 106 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Funambulus pennantii",
 "Country is United Arab Emirates",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 106 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024702-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/xngv-aj26
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wollenburg et al 2000 Arctic Ocean Paleoproductivity Data

description: The benthic foraminiferal record of two sediment cores at 900 and 2500 rn water depth in the marginal Arctic Ocean reflects fluctuations in paleoproductivity, ice sheet extent, and Atlantic water inflow. Highest paleoproductivity is observed in interglacial periods, and at the termination of interstadials to stadials within oxygen isotope substages (OIS) 6.3, 5.3, 5.1, 3.1, and Termination Ia. Stable and high paleoproductivity at the ice-edge during terminations is indicated by the Melonis zaandami benthic foraminiferal association. Periods of glacial ice sheet advance or retreat from the core site are dominated by benthic foraminiferal associations related to seasonal organic carbon flux. Temperate saline Atlantic water entered the Arctic Ocean within OIS 6.3, 5.5 and the Holocene. Coincident paleoproductivity maxima are related to extended seasonal ice retreat. During glacial periods of stagnating Atlantic water advection unusual low paleoproductivity values are observed in the Arctic Ocean, indicating increasing ice coverage. Deep water was poorly ventilated during these periods and the deeper site became exposed to corrosive bottom waters.