cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1885
title: Leaf morphometry, genetic variation and phylogeny of Red Kwao Krua Butea superba in Thailand

description: Butea superb (Red Kwao Krua) are Thai herbal leguminous pants. Its tuberous roots are widely used for estrogen replacement therapy. It reported that Kwao Krua from different localities performed different estrogenic activity. Morphometric and genetic analyses were used in this research. Leaves of B. superba were collected from 29 locaities throughout Thailand for morphometric analysis and from 34 localities for genetic analysis. In morphometric analysis 9 parameters [petiole length (PL), petiole diameter (PD), rachis length (RL), petiolet length (PLL), terminal leaflet length (TLL), terminal leaflet breadth (TLL), terminal leaflet breadth(TLB), stipule length (SPL), angle of first leaf border (AB), and number of pairs of primary veins (NPV)] were used for factor and cluster analyses. For factor analysis, 7 out of 9 morphometric characters were selected as new variable and could be grouped into 3 new factors. Due to graph plotting of factor scores, no cultivars could be separated from each others. Moreover, a dendrogram generated by cluster analysis supported the graph of factor score that B. superba cultivars could not separate into groups. However, result on correlation analysis of factor scores against latitude and longitude shows clinal patterns in morphometric characters of B. superb leaf in Thailand. From the North to the South, leaf length increase in size in factor l but decreases in size in factor 2. In genetic analysis variation of rbcL, trnLF-cd, and trnLF-cf regions was determined. Amplified PCR products of 300, 550 and 1,000 bp by PCR were obtained, respectively. After direct sequencing nucleotide base were obtained and clustered by using maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Considering a phylogenetic tree of rbcL, low genetic variation was obtained but not 2 phylogenetic trees of trnLF-cd and trnLF-cf. furthermore, RAPD was used to investigate genetic variation. The obtained result also supported the result by direct sequencing method in both trnLF-cd and trnLF-cf region. It can summarize that B. superba cultivars had high genetic variation.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1886
title: A study of trait factors of oral language ability in a computer-based speaking test for Thai university students

description: To investigate the trait structure of oral language ability in a computer-based speaking test (CBST), the test-taking processes and strategies of the examinees taking the test, the effects of test tasks on test scores and speech produced, and the attitudes of the examinees to the test. The participants were Thai first-year university students. The research instruments included the CBST, rating scales, and questionnaire. The traits being investigated were knowledge of pronunciation, syntax, vocabulary, cohesion and function. The test tasks comprised the narrative, opinion, imaginary and persuasive tasks which generated planned monologic responses. The data were analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approaches were multivariate generalizability theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and MANOVAs. The qualitative approaches consisted of content analysis of verbal protocols, and attitudes to the test, and discourse analysis of the test responses: analyses of genre, speech functions and grammatical features. The limitations of the study concerned the homogeneous nature of the participants in terms of their native language and educational level, the purposive sampling method used in selecting the participants as well as the relatively small sample size. The findings seemed to provide evidence which supported and challenged the validity of the CBST score interpretations. The supportive evidence may be, first, most of the trait factor loadings were significant (p &lt; .05) and ranged from moderate to high. Also, the reliability of most constructs was above 0.70. This suggests that most measures were good indicators of the construct they were designed to measure, indicating the CBST was a valid measure of most of the speaking ability as defined. Second, the examinees engaged in test-taking processes and strategies relevant to the constructs of interest. This implies the test scores may be a product of using the language ability aimed to be measured by the test. Moreover, the genre, speech functions and grammatical features found in the test responses corresponded with the task requirements. Finally, the examinees generally had positive attitudes to the test. However, evidence that may threaten the validity of the score interpretation came from the low reliability of the functional knowledge construct. This may be the result of the imaginary task as the difficulty and ambiguity of the task prompt has led to the lowest mean score in almost all areas, unintended speech functions and negative attitude to the test. Also, the lack of interlocutors caused the examinees to view the test as unauthentic. Despite these weak points, with some revisions and careful interpretations made from the test scores, the CBST can serve as a potentially useful instrument in oral language assessment.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1887
title: Utilization of biomass as sorbent material to prevent organophosphate pesticides contaminate to soil

description: Four biomass which are agricultural by-products namely, coconut husk (CH), rice husk (RH), peanut shell (PS) and peat moss (PM) were evaluated for their ability to minimize the amount of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in leachate after spraying onto plants. The biomass have high organic carbon content (35.4-45.4%) and contain various nutrients to support microbial growth; consequently they are expected to sorp OPs and simultaneously promote OPs biodegradation. In this study, the biomass were investigated in comparison to a sandy soil sample taken from tangerine orchard in northern Thailand. The OPs tested were malathion, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos and profenofos. Sorption studies were carried out by the batch (equilibrium) method. Sorption strength of OPs were in the order that profenofos&gt;chlorpyrifos&gt;methyl parathion&gt; malathion and for a given OP with different types of biomass PM&gt;CH&gt;RH&gt;PS. Soil sorption obviously exhibits the lowest values for all OPs. OP behavior in the biomass-water systems is governed by the compound properties (structural features and hydrophobicity) together with biomass properties (organic carbon contents, size, and surface areas). The study also determined the degradation of OPs after sorption by measuring their half-life (t1/2). The results showed that the half-life of each OPs was depended on the type of sorbed materials. For example, the half-life of chlorpyrifos in coconut husk was 21.6 days, which was the fastest among the tested biomass, whereas; its half-life was 63.6 days in soil. Similarly, malathion, methyl parathion and profenofos were degraded more rapidly in biomasss than in soil. Chlorpyrifos and coconut husks were later selected as a model for soil column study. Leaching experiments were carried out by packing 4 cm coconut husk on top of soil columns (250 mm x 38.5 id mm), and sprayed with 0.25 kg ha-1 chlorpyrifos to the column surface. Leaching tests were performed at a water flow rate of 20 ml hr-1. Results indicated chlorpyrifos mass were retained in the coconut husk layer. The amounts of sorbed chlorpyrifos were retained less than 6.25% after 28 days. At the same time, the number of chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria was increased, which suggested that the sorbed chlorpyrifos was biodegraded. Moreover, the half-life estimation for other OPs was 9.8, 6.0 and 10.4 days and amount of OPs were retained less than 12.5, 6.25 and 12.5% methyl parathion, malathion and profenofos, respectively. Therefore, covering of soil surface with coconut husk could be a feasible method to reduce contamination of OPs leachate from the sprayed plants through soil.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1888
title: การชะละลายของโลหะหนักจากของเสียที่ผ่านกระบวนการปรับเสถียรและทำก้อนแข็ง

description: ศึกษาการชะละลายของโลหะหนักจากตัวอย่าง 2 ชนิด คือตัวอย่างของเสียที่ผ่านกระบวนการปรับเสถียรและทำเป็นก้อนแข็ง ซึ่งการทดลองนั้นทำการชะละลายด้วยน้ำกลั่น กรดอะซิติก กรดไนตริก และกรดซัลฟิวริก โดยการทดลองด้วยกรดนั้นจะทำการควบคุม พีเอชในการทดลอง 4 ช่วงการทดลองคือ 9-11 7-9 5-7 และ 3-5 และในแต่ละช่วงพีเอชกาทดลองจะทำการแปรผันระยะเวลาในการทดลองเท่ากับ 18 24 48 120 และ 168 ชั่วโมง และทำการเปรียบเทียบผลการทดลองกับการทดสอบตามมาตรฐานของ U.S. EPA SW-846 Method 1311 (TCLP) และ การทดสอบการชะละลายตามประกาศกระทรวงอุตสาหกรรมฉบับที่ 6 (พ.ศ. 2540) โดยโลหะหนักที่ศึกษาคือ ทองแดง สังกะสี นิกเกิล ตะกั่ว โครเมียมและแบเรียม จากผลการทดลองพบว่า การชะละลายของโลหะหนักนั้นมีปัจจัยหลักในการชะละลายคือพีเอชสุดท้าย ซึ่งจะมีการชะละลายได้สูงที่สุดในช่วงพีเอช 3-5โดยชนิดของกรดที่ใช้ในการปรับ พีเอช และลักษณะของตัวอย่างเป็นปัจจัยควบคู่ที่ส่งผลต่อการชะละลายของโลหะหนัก คือ กรด อะซิติกจะส่งผลทำให้โลหะหนักที่อยู่ในตัวอย่างปรับเสถียรออกมามากที่สุดเนื่องจากความสามารถในการเกิดสารประกอบเชิงซ้อนกับโลหะหนัก ยกเว้นนิกเกิลที่พบการชะละลายใกล้เคียงในการทดลองด้วยกรดทุกชนิด ส่วนการทดลองด้วยกรดไนตริกนั้นมีผลทำให้โลหะหนักที่อยู่ในตัวอย่างก้อนแข็งชะละลายมากที่สุด เนื่องจากกรดไนตริกมีความสามารถในการทำลายโครงสร้างซีเมนต์ได้ดีที่สุด เมื่อเทียบกับกรดอะซิติกและกรดซัลฟิวริก ยกเว้นโครเมียมที่พบความเข้มข้นสูงที่สุดเมื่อทำการชะละลายโดยกรดอะซิติก ส่วนการแปรผันระยะเวลาในการชะละลายนั้นมีผลต่อการชะละลายเพียงเล็กน้อยเท่านั้น จากการทดลองแสดงให้เห็นว่าไม่มีการทดลองกรณีใดกรณีหนึ่ง ที่สามารถอธิบายความสามารถในการชะละลายของโลหะหนักชนิดต่างๆ ในของเสียที่ผ่านกระบวนการบำบัดแบบต่างๆ ได้
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1889
title: การดูแลสุขภาพของผู้ป่วยภายหลังปลูกถ่ายไต : การศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพ

description: ศึกษาการดูแลสุขภาพของผู้ป่วยภายหลังปลูกถ่ายไต คัดเลือกผู้ให้ข้อมูลแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง (Purposive sampling) จากผู้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตที่มีอายุระหว่าง 18 ปีบริบูรณ์ถึง 59 ปี ที่ไตทำหน้าที่ได้ดี และกลับบ้านแล้วอย่างน้อย 1 ปี เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้เทคนิคการสัมภาษณ์แบบเจาะลึก (In-depth interview) โดยใช้แนวสัมภาษณ์แบบกึ่งโครงสร้างและบันทึกเทป ทำการถอดเทปคำต่อคำและวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยวิธีวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา (Content analysis) จนกระทั่งข้อมูลอิ่มตัวจากผู้ให้ข้อมูลจำนวน 12 ราย ผลการวิจัยสรุปได้ 4 ประเด็นสำคัญในการดูแลสุขภาพของผู้ป่วยภายหลังปลูกถ่ายไต ดังนี้ 1. การดูแลให้ไตอยู่ได้นาน โดยเลือกกินอาหารอย่างระมัดระวัง กินยาให้ตรงเวลา พยายามออกกำลังกาย ดูแลไม่ให้ติดเชื้อ พักผ่อน และมาตรวจตามนัด 2. การทำใจให้เบิกบาน ผ่องใส 3. การแสวงหากำลังใจและที่พึ่งพาช่วยเหลือ 4. ความต้องการและการแสวงหาข้อมูลเอื้อต่อการดูแล ผู้ปฏิบัติการพยาบาลขั้นสูงที่มีบทบาทสำคัญในการส่งเสริมสุขภาพ สามารถใช้ข้อมูลจากการวิจัยนี้ในการส่งเสริมการดูแลสุขภาพของผู้ป่วยภายหลังการปลูกถ่ายไต
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1890
title: Gene cloning and characterization of the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from thermotolerant Paenibacillus sp. BT01

description: Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) catalyzes the conversion of starch to a mixture of cyclic oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins(CDs). A cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase gene from Paenibacillus sp.BT01 isolated from waste of a starch factory in Thailand, was cloned into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using pET19b vector. Determination of the nucleotide sequences of both wild type (BT01) and recombinant plasmid showed the presence of 2142 bp open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 713 amino acid residues, with 686 amino acids for mature enzyme. The nucleotide and amino sequences showed highest homology of 99% to Bacillus circulans A11. About 99.83% of total CGTase was secreted into the LB medium after induction with 0.2 mM IPTG for 24 hours and the specific activity was 6.6 folds higher than wild type. The wild type and recombinant CGTase was purified to homogeneity by starch adsorption and DEAE-cellulose with 12.18 %yield. 24 purification fold in wild type and 70.98% yield, 8 purification fold in recombinant pBT. The molecular weight of both enzymes were estimated to be 71 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Both enzymes showed one major band at pI 4.74 and two minor bands at 4.86 and 4.62 on isoelectric focus gel electrophoresis. The enzymes from BT and pBT exhibited optimum pH and temperature for dextrinizing activity at pH 5.0 at 50 degree Celsius.Optimum conditions of cyclization activity were pH 6.0 at 50 degree Celsius.The enzymes were stable at pH 6.0-10.0 up to 50 degree Celsius.In the presence of 2% soluble starch the enzymes were stable up to 70 degree Celsius.CGTase catalyzed the conversion of starch to mixure of cyclodextrins with the ratio of alpha-:beta-:gamma-CDs at 1.0 : 2.0 :0.72, when incubated with 10% soluble starch at 60 degree Celsius,pH6.0 for 24 hours. The total beta-CD produced were 22.52 g/l in wild type and 19.33g/l in recombinant.The source of starch did not significantly affect the CGTase action and the ratio of alpha-:beta:-gamma-cds remained constant.Kinetic parameter were determined by used cyclization activity.Calculated the Km and kcal/Km were 5.36mg/ml and 40.82(min)[superscript -1](mg/ml)[superscript -1] in wild type and 4.90 mg/ml and 91.35(min)[superscript -1](mg/ml)[superscript -1] in recombinant CGTase,respectively.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1891
title: The Contribution of direct foreign investment and interntional trade on economic develoment in Myanmar

description: From 1962 to 1988, Myanmar had a socialist economy. Myanmar was slow to take up the issues of regional economic cooperation. Once considered one of the wealthiest South-East Asian countries, Myanmar's economic problems hit rock bottom in 1987. By the late 1980s, the Myanmar economy lowed down was due to the low productivity and inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, low levels of skill, and a shortage of capital and technology. In response to the severe economic crisis and domestic unrest, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) took the reins of government in 1988 and embarked on a new course for the economy. SLORC reversed many of the socialist era policies and implemented several economic reforms, including new laws, regulations, operating methods, and reorganization of government agencies in an effort to utilize market principles to jumpstart the sluggish economy. This paper examines the role of trade policy regimes in conditioning the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth performance in investment receiving (host) countries through a case study of Myanmar. The methodology involves estimating a growth equation, which provides for capturing the impact of FDI interactively with economic openness on economic growth, using data for the period 1980-2004. The results support the ‘Bhagwati’ hypothesis that, other things being equal, the growth impact of FDI tends to be greater under an export promotion (EP) trade regime compared to an import-substitution (IS) regime. Therefore, policy implications we can draw from our empirical results seem to be important. For Myanmar to benefit from the growth-enhancing effects of foreign direct investment, it should continue to liberalize its trade transaction. For Myanmar to benefit from technology transfer and spillover effects, FDI should be encouraged and it should be accompanied with trade openness. In an environment of trade restrictions, FDI inflows cannot be a catalyst for long run economic growth. The positive interactive impact of FDI and trade openness on economic growth would probably hold in Myanmar.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1892
title: Improvement of solid oxide fuel cell performance using serially connected stacks

description: This study was carried out to investigate the possible improvement of SOFC performance by using multiple stacks arranged in series in which the operating voltages were allowed to vary among the different stacks. The comparative study on the operation in conventional SOFC configuration in which multiple stacks are typically arranged in parallel and the alternative ones in which stacks are networked in series is considered in both case i.e with and without considering the effect of pressure drop. By connected the stacks in series instead of in parallel, the power and electrical efficiency improvement as high as 5.0% can be achieved. Moreover, the improvement by the arrangement in series becomes less significant after the number of stacks more than 2. The configuration in series with one compressor installed only at the inlets of the first stack is the best option when taking into account the pressure drop. However, the pressure drops are about 4.7 and 3.75 times in the anodic and cathodic channels, respectively, compared with those from the case with stack arrangement in parallel. Therefore it requires higher consumption of compression power. It was suggested that, to compensate a part of power consumption from installed compressors, the heat recovery system should be installed to offer the practical operation.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1893
title: Analysis of young's modulus of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites

description: This work aimed to study the effects of the contents of Polypropylene-grafted-Maleic Anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer and organo-modified Montmorillonite clay (Org-MMT) nanofiller on the Young's Modulus of Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposites and to study the mechanisms of reinforcement of nanocomposites based on Rules of Mixture (ROM), Inverse Rule of Mixture (IROM), and Halpin-Tsai models. The PP/PP-g-MA/Org-MMT nanocomposites were melt-mixed in the twin-screw extruder. The dry extruded pellets were injection molded into the standard tensile bar for the tensile strength measurement with the universal testing machine (INSTRON). The gallery spacing of clay platelets were determined by X-ray Diffraction Transmission Electron Microscopy was used to study the morphology of the nanocomposites. The experimental results showed that the 9 wt% PP-g-MA was the maximum loading for adhesion enhancement between PP and Org-MMT. The PP/PP-g-MA/Org-MMT nanocomposites prepared were mainly the intercalated nanocomposites. The clay gallery spacing increased from 3.05 to 3.27 nm. The Young's modulus of PP/PP-g-MA/Org-MMT at 9 wt% PP-g-MA increased from 1.10 to 1.54 Gpa with the increase of the inorganic MMT content from 0 to 3.33 wt% partly due to the acute orientation angle of clay platelets in the polymer matrix. The Halpin-Tsai model could predict the Young's modulus of the nanocomposites providing that the accurate filler aspect ratio and filler orientation can be obtained.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1894
title: Analysis of DNA fingerprint and polysaccharide constituent in Durian cultivars

description: Polysaccharide Gel (PG) from fruit-rinds of durian (Durio zibethinus Merr.) is a pectic polysaccharide, according to prior studied, the polysaccharide exhibits antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory activity. PG have found to be useful for food and pharmaceutical applications such as jelly, tabet coating film dressing, antiseptic gel, PG teat dip for protecting bovine mastitis, etc. Interestingly, PG from durian cultivars, ‘Chani’ ‘Pauenmuang’ (native cultivar) and ‘Monthong’ from Chumporn province, have the different bactericidal potency. In this study aimed to characterize and identify the difference between durian cultivars and between cultivated areas in molecular level together with bioactive PG in fruit-rinds. The cultivated-durians, ‘Kradumthong’, ‘Monthong’ and ‘Chani’ from Chanthaburi province; ‘Pauenmuang’, ‘Monthong’ and ‘Chani’ from Chumporn province were investigated. The matK gene in chloroplast genome of these durians was 1,509 bp in length. In comparison with the previous reported in GenBank, accession no. AY321188. The matK of ‘Pauenmuang’ cultivar presented either adenosine or cytosine substitutions at the position 275, whereas ‘Monthong’ and ‘Chani’ cultivars from both provinces, and ‘Kradumthong’ from Chanthaburi province presented the cytosine substitutions at the same position as same as the previous reported in GenBank. The matK sequences of all tested durian cultivars were also found the cytosine and thymidine substitutions at the position 860 and 862, respectively. The results provided not enough information to characterize the variation of durian cultivars then the matK gene was not suitable to be used as the molecular marker for durian identification in this study. In addition, the preliminary RAPD study indicated that these durian cultivars exhibited genetic variation. The DNA profiles showed the specific patterns of different durian cultivars. The dendrogram was constructed by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages, UPGMA. Durian cultivars can be divided into two main groups, native planted ‘Pauenmuang’ and commercially cultivated (‘Monthong’, ‘Chani’ and ‘Kradumthong’). The results of PG analysis showed that PG analysis showed that PG of ‘Monthong’ fruit-rinds from both provinces gave the highest percentage of the total yield (P&lt;0.05) and also the highest viscosity (P&lt;0.05). The pH range of PG was 2.437-2.526. The important major sugar,galacturonic acid content, in PG from ‘Kradumthong’ cultivars was the highest. The results of the galacturonic acid content in PG was not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) within the same cultivars, but significantly different (P&lt;0.05) from different durian cultivars. The results suggested that The polymorphic band profiles of RAPD could be used as molecular marker for identification durian cultivars together with the galacturonic acid content in PG in durian-rinds.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2006.1895
title: Structure, dynamics and binding of drug resistance HIV-1 protease with major mutations

description: HIV-1 protease is one of the importance targets for drug development. To date, many protease inhibitors are in clinical used, however, a major problem in the treatment of the HIV infection with protease inhibitor is the development of drug resistance. To understand the molecular basic of drug resistance, the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of wild-type and mutant proteases complexed with inhibitors, saquinavir and ritonavir, were carried out. The protonation states of the two aspartic residues, Asp25 and Asp25', has been examined by simulating four possible protonation states, non-protonation, mono-protonation and di-protonation of the active site residues and evaluated by means of properties of structure and dynamics, quantum chemical and free energy calculations. The results lead to a conclusion that the appropriate condition is the monoprotonation on Asp25. The MD simulations of a wild-type, G48V, L90M and G48V/L90M of HIV-1 protese with saquinavir and those of a wild-type, V82F, I84V, V82F/I84V of HIV-1 protease with ritonavir have been carried out. It was found that the double mutation of both complexes has the largest impact on the bindings. The conformation changes in double mutant complexes consequently reduce the interaction between drug and protease. The results for both WT and mutants are in a good agreement with the experimental inhibition constant and the resistance fold. Fundamental understanding of the above properties is known to be a prerequisite for the structure-based drug screening and design, both for wild and mutant types.