cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1651
title: Development of formulation and lyophilization process of green pit viper antivenin

description: To reduce the total time used in the lyophilization process and to develop appropriate formulation of Green Pit Viper antivenin product. The effect of freezing steps on the secondary structure of F(ab’)2 Green Pit Viper antivenin are evaluated. Optimized freezing step is found to have an average cooling rate of 1.86°C/min until -40°C is reached and annealed for 30 minutes (Rapid3). Lyophilized products obtain by Rapid3 freezing step are analyzed for their physical appearances, F(ab’)2 secondary structures, moisture contents, crystallinity and stability after 3 months. Primary and secondary drying are studied and adjusted. Lyophilized products obtained are again analyzed similarly to the previous section. The optimal lyophilization process is Rapid3 freezing step, primary drying is done at -25°C for 6 hours and 0°C for 12 hours (pressure 300 mTorr). Heating time from 0°C to 30°C is 1 hour and final secondary drying at 30°C continues for another 2 hours under pressure of 100 mTorr. The total lyophilization time is approximately 24 hours. Green Pit Viper antivenin is formulated with proper stabilizing agent and freeze dried with optimal lyophilization process. The best formulation is 0.7 mg/ml F(ab’)2 Green Pit Viper antivenin and 2% w/v glycine which 4 ml of the formula is filled into 6 ml vial. Potency test is done using “Mouse Neutralizing Test” which resulted in a potency of 0.966 mg/ml. The developed formula has the potency within the required specification of Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute for Green Pit Viper antivenin products (&gt; 0.7 mg/ml), good physical appearance, retain its initial secondary structure and shows satisfying 3 months stability results.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1653
title: Synthesis of the diamino moieties of oseltamivir

description: To improve the azide route of the Roche synthesis of oseltamivir 9 using epoxide precursor 18 as a starting reagent. The synthesis consists of five reaction steps. The first reaction step is the ring opening reaction to provide the mixture of regioisomers of hydroxyl azide 19 and 43 in 88% yield. Both regioisomer could be converted through one-pot operation by in situ reduction with triphenylphosphine and ring closing to aziridine 20 followed by ring reopening with sodium azide to provide amino azide 21 in 50% yield from hydroxyl azide 9. The acetylation of amino azide 21 with acetyl chloride provided acetamido azide 22 in 97% yield. The reduction of acetamido azide 22 with triphenylphosphine was produced free base of oseltamivir 9 in 99%. The overall yield of these 4-steps process was 42%. The combined synthesis of steps 1-3 towards amino azide 21 could be achieved from epoxide 18 in 55% yield. Further combined synthesis of step 1-4 towards acetamido azide 22 could also be accomplished from epoxide 18 in 49% yield. Finally, the free base oseltamivir 9 could be obtained through one-pot procedure of step 1-5 from epoxide 18 in 18% yield.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1654
title: The development of wax cubes hardness for chewing ability evaluation

description: To develop wax cube hardness for chewing ability evaluation in total edentulous patient with complete denture by the practical process in Thailand and to find the suitable hardness that those patients have chewing ability close to normal dentitions. Three formulations of wax cube; hard, original and soft, were developed by different mixture ratio of bees wax and microcrystalline wax. Hardness of three types of wax cube and sixteen common foods were obtained from Universal Testing Machine. 20 normal dentition (mean age 27.85±1.42 years), 20 complete denture wearer subjects (mean age 70.55±9.14 years) and 20 implant-retained lower complete denture (mean age 67.70±6.68 years) were selected. Each subject was assigned to chew three pieces of each hardness of wax cube, one cube by another for 10 chewing strokes under habitually chewing patterns. The chewed wax was captured and analyzed by the Image J program ,which calculated the percentage of well mixed color areas. Statistically analysis revealed a significant difference (P &lt; .05) in percentage of chewing ability between two groups with only original and soft wax cubes. Complete Denture group had reduced about 35 percent for chewing original and soft wax cubes when compare to normal dentition group. Implant-retained lower complete denture group showed the higher percentage of chewing ability than complete denture group. From the study, it can be concluded that the suitable hardness chewing ability evaluation in total edentulous patient with complete denture are the original and soft wax cubes and these are in the same range as common food selected. Our results suggested that the wax cube is the one option for screening chewing ability accompanied by some nutritional assessment tools to evaluate nutritional status in the elderly patients.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1655
title: Study on perceptions of private sector towards the pollutant release and transfer register : a case study on petrochemical industry in the Map Ta Phut industrial estate, Rayong, Thailand

description: Under the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 and other international agreements such as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Strategic Approach on International Chemical Management, Thailand is currently in the process of adopting the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register [PRTR] through the pilot project in Rayong province with the assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency. This research aimed to study perceptions of private sector towards the PRTR through a case study on the petrochemical industry in the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate. The methodology used comprised reviews concept, development and application of the PRTR, as well as the petrochemical industry in Thailand and its emission. Data collection was conducted by interviewing and questionnaire to thirty-two petrochemical companies, four responsible organizations and four key informants. Through semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews towards various stakeholders including private sector, public sector and civil society, this study found that petrochemical industry in this study viewed that benefits of the PRTR for the government and civil society is quite clear, while each petrochemical company participated in this study has different understanding on such benefit for private sector to be as sustainable industrial management. Various incentive measures and concerns on the PRTR were also indicated in this study. In order to successfully implement the PRTR in Thailand, the research findings suggest that it would be important to increasing knowledge on the PRTR both public and private sectors and the risk of chemical substances, enhancing mutual understanding among stakeholders, and building the capacity of public sector to improve the PRTR process. Future research may increase the number of participants and focus on different kinds of industries or local communities. The relationships between the scale of company and needs of assistance would be also important to be studied more deeply for an effective implementation of the PRTR.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1656
title: Seasonal nitrous oxide emission from different land use in tropical riparian ecosystem : a case study in Nan province, Northern Thailand

description: One of an important ecological services provided by tropical riparian ecosystems is the mitigating contamination of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate leaching from agricultural area to water resources. However, a negative impact of this pollutant remediation may be that the ecozone also functions as a source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. The objectives of this study were to measure the N2O emission in such an ecosystem with specific emphasis on temporal aspects; comparing between wet and dry seasons and different land use; comparing a leguminous reforestation, Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr, with applied nitrogen fertilizer in conventional agriculture with maize, Zea mays L, and to identify the major drivers controlling these emission. The results revealed that the annual average emission of N2O from the reforestation (3.3 kg N2O-N ha-1 y-1) was significantly higher than the agricultural areas with maize (2.2 kg N2O-N ha-1 y-1) (P&lt; 0.05). The rate of N2O flux in the wet season was higher than in the dry season (P&lt; 0.05). The N2O emission variability was correlated with the controlling factors; water filled pore space (WFPS), denitrification, and microbial biomass carbon. When inorganic nitrogen and soil organic carbon are sufficient, WFPS plays an important role in controlling N2O emission contributed by denitrification. N2O flux observed by distal proximity to river in a mixture transect was significantly different both wet and dry seasons (P&lt; 0.05) in that N2O flux increased where sampling locations were closed to river. This pattern was correlated to the slowly decreasing amounts of inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon from upper agricultural field boundary to lower river side. Conversely, WFPS and denitrification increased in the opposite patterns of those relationships. N2O flux from maize area simulated by the DeNitrification-DeComposition model (DNDC) was underestimated when validated with those observed from filed experiment. Sensitivity analysis indicated that N2O emission variability by DNDC model was dependent on soil organic carbon, WFPS, and nitrogen input to maize plot, respectively. Comparatively, annual N2O emission from the reforestation in the tropical riparian zone was similar to those reported for temperate riparian zones and other ecosystems. Although the annual N2O flux from the agricultural area with maize is comparable to other riparian ecosystems, it is higher than those of other N2O flux from terrestrial zones. The results suggest that tropical riparian ecosystem surrounding agricultural land does not represent a major hotspot of N2O flux and does not diminish the positive benefits which they provide in relation to other aspects of ecosystem service provision.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1657
title: Formation of porous alumina assisted by resorcinol-formaldehyde gel

description: The synthesis of porous alumina, which has been widely used in high temperature applications, from aluminium precursor mixed with RF gel via sol-gel method accompanied with polymerization was investigated. It is found that the aluminium precursor can react with RF and further catalyze the polycondensation. The networked Al/RF gel is transformed into the porous alumina after the calcination step. In addition, high porosity is still maintained even though high calcination temperature of 1200oC is applied. From the experimental results, the aluminium acetylacetonate is the suitable aluminium precursor in order to produce the porous alumina achieving high surface area of 68 m2/g. It is disclosed that the pores are large mesopores. Moreover, the α phase of alumina representing high stable phase is obtained. In this research, other factors, such as aging time, aluminium content in RF gel, aging temperature and catalyst type, affecting the synthesis of the porous alumina will be discussed in detail.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1658
title: National health policy process formation and implementation regarding antenatal care health services delivery and utilization at district level in Baluchistan Province, Pakistan

description: Objectives: To assess the current implementation of health services delivery mentioned in the national health policy 2001. 2) To explore the local factors effecting the policy implementation. 3) To assess the cultural factors effecting the policy implementation for health services delivery. 4) To recommend approaches and interventions to improve policy implementation of health services delivery at district level METHODS: The study had an exploratory and descriptive design with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Focus group discussions, observations and in-depth interviews were conducted at different levels of health administration including federal, provincial, district and community, and a quantitative survey was also conducted in community among pregnant mothers. Qualitative data was analyzed through grounded theory and thematic approach, quantitative data was analyzed in SPSS version 16, using descriptive, Chi Square and regression analysis. RESULTS: Qualitative data revealed that agenda setting, policy formulation and implementation of maternal health services according to NHP 2001 was almost done by federal government. Services are delivered through district health management. Provinces role was limited in policy process in context of Baluchistan province. The respondents were also on view that the health policy was a part of poverty alleviation program of the government. The respondents also expressed that policy was built on biomedical model of health system. The implementation was also poor. In real the policy was not implemented properly in the Baluchistan. The Quantitative study in the community revealed that people in the community were not using the facilities. ANC utilization was 14% among pregnant ladies and 60% complained perceived problems. The barriers proved to be significant were distance, education, income, and cultural factors and autonomy of the women. The knowledge of the pregnant ladies was low. The availability of health facilities was not proper and people developed negative attitude toward government health services. The pregnant ladies don’t have proper awareness and males were not concerned about their health. Social support from the mother in law, husband and friends was significantly associated with ANC. CONCLUSION: Study revealed that there were gaps between ANC services delivered and utilization by the community. It is an opportunity for the provincial government to understand the local culture and social setting and generate a broad policy based on proper evidence.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1659
title: South Korean construction on services and property investment in Cambodia (1994-2010)

description: The study focuses on the South Korean Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia on Private Construction companies in Phnom Penh as case study. This research is analyzed through South Korean businessmen’s opinion and the construction industry climate in Cambodia by using the Nine-Factor Model of Dong Sung Cho, Porter’s five forces model, and SWOT analysis. Primary data are collected through the in-depth interview with South Korean Director and Manager of construction companies whereas secondary data is collected from government institutions and other institutions. The key factor for South Korean investors to invest in construction sector is the potential growth of the economic development in Cambodia while cheap labor is not quite important. The obstacles South Korean investors face are corruption, productivity of labor force, importing construction materials, and health of Cambodian economy. Some recommendations to Cambodian government on construction sector are improving rule of law (construction permit procedure and corruption), investing in vocational training, reducing imported construction material and encouraging the local industries in producing construction material.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1660
title: The impact of guidance levels and justification requirement on determination of auditors’ planning materiality

description: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of guidance levels and justification requirement on planning materiality determination of auditors. Determination overall materiality or materiality for planning is important for auditors as it is an initial step that affects the whole process of auditing. In addition, setting materiality for planning in practice varies among audit firms from implementing the structured guidance to leaving to professional judgment. Previous research has shown that structured guidance could mitigate cognitive constraints of human and improve efficiency and consistency but it could limit their scope of thinking process only to the scope the guidance provided. Therefore, this research would like to study the impact of providing and not providing structured guidance on materiality decision in the planning stage. Justification requirement has been suggested as a tool to improve judgment performance by reducing confirmation bias. Thus, this paper expects that the justification requirement can reduce the drawback effect of structured guidance by increasing effort of thinking before coming up with the underlying reason. This research is the case-based experiment using audit managers from Big audit firms in Thailand as the sample group. This study may be the first to provide evidence of the interaction effect of guidance and justification. The results indicate that the structured guidance could limit attention of auditors and thus weaken their risk awareness. Justification, as expected, can improve thinking effort of auditors and mitigate the bias from the structured guidance.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1661
title: Development of ready-to-eat Kanom Jeen

description: Kanom Jeen is a popular rice noodle product however, its storage shelf-life is short at room temperature. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a process to extend its shelf –life with the acceptable quality. Firstly, the effect of acid (citric acid or lactic acid) during soaking on the physicochemical properties of rice flour was investigated. It was found that amylose, protein, and fat contents and viscosity of rice flour decreased while swelling power and solubility at 75℃ increased after acid treatment. Kanom Jeen prepared from acid - treated rice flour had higher tensile strength and springiness but lower hardness and stickiness than those of control sample. Kanom Jeen prepared from rice flour treated with 2% (w/w) citric acid had the highest whiteness index and overall liking score. Secondly, during steaming and kneading steps, the ratio of gelatinized to ungelatinized rice flour was varied at 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75. It was found that the gelatinized rice ratio at 15:85 gave the highest hardness Kanom Jeen. Next, the effect of adding citric acid (0.25%, w/w) and salt (7%, w/w) in the boiling water during cooking was studied and the results showed that the pH of Kanom Jeen was reduced to 3.88 without affecting the textural characteristics. After that, the sample was kept in PE/AL/PE – laminated pouch with nitrogen gas flushing and heated at 85℃ and 90℃ for 1, 3 and 5 min. The result showed that springiness and tensile strength of samples decreased whereas total aerobic plate count and yeast and moulds in sample were lower than 250 cfu/g and 100 cfu/g, respectively. The Kanom Jeen pasteurized at 90℃ for 3 min could be stored up to 29 days at room temperature.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2011.1662
title: Taxonomic revision of fern genus Diplazum Sw. (Woodsiaceae) in Thailand

description: The most up-to-date account of Diplazium in Thailand, including 29 species, is in Flora of Thailand, vol. III. Recently, some new recorded species were reported. However, the key to the species in the Flora of Thailand did not include these new records. Moreover, it is difficult to determine the species using this key, due mainly to the ambiguity of the key characters. The account of the Thai Diplazium, therefore, is needed to be re-examined. This research was designed to explore additional data for species determination and key construction by examining the morphological, anatomical and palynological characters of the available species. In this study, 7 morphological and 2 anatomical characters of the Thai Diplazium were examined. Both fresh plants and herbarium specimens were used. It was found that growth form of rhizome, indumenta, stipe and lamina characters together with anatomy of stipes are collectively useful in Diplazium taxonomy with special reference to scales morphology and shape of vascular bundle of upper portion of stipes. A palynological study of 31 species was undertaken using light and scanning electron microscopy. All studied species have monolete spores, which are bilateral, kidney-shaped, 30-68 by 20-50 µm and bearing perispore. The spores sculpture can be divided into 8 types: baculate, echinate, pustulate, reticulate, rugate, rugate-retate, rugulate and smooth types. These microscopic characters can be used to identify different species. Thirty one species of Thai Diplazium are enumerated and discussed. Three of them, namely D. griffithii T. Moore, D. lobatum (Tagawa) Tagawa and D. pallidum (Blume) T. Moore are new records for the Thai Flora. Diplazium simplicivenium Holttum was treated here as a synonym of D. dilatatum Blume, while D. petilotii Tardieu is excluded from this account. Key to the species together with descriptions, line drawings and distribution of each species are provided.
DOI: 10.15468/ov6n75
title: Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Cope, E. D. (1869): Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 11: 1-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3352190
DOI: 10.21227/56hw-5f48
title: Audio Steganalysis Dataset

description: The steganography and steganalysis of audio, especially compressed audio, have drawn increasing attention in recent years, and various algorithms are proposed. However, there is no standard public dataset for us to verify the efficiency of each proposed algorithm. Therefore, to promote the study field, we construct a dataset including 33038 stereo WAV audio clips with a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz and duration of 10s. And, all audio files are from the Internet through data crawling, which is for a better simulation of a real detection environment. The dataset is used for MP3 steganalysis at this stage. We provide corresponding MP3 encoder, LAME, and steganographic encoder, HCM, EECS and so on, which is developed based on LAME. What's more, some useful python scripts are supplied for samples make in batch. The dataset is still expanding, and we will include AAC, AMR and other audio formats in the future.Keywords: Audio, MP3, Steganalysis, Steganography
DOI: 10.21227/9ry8-n938
title: Malware Analysis Datasets: API Call Sequences

description: This dataset is part of our research on malware detection and classification using Deep Learning. It contains 42,797 malware API call sequences and 1,079 goodware API call sequences. Each API call sequence is composed of the first 100 non-repeated consecutive API calls associated with the parent process, extracted from the 'calls' elements of Cuckoo Sandbox reports.