cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125987
title: Supplementary Material for: Augmenting Clinical Interpretability of Thiopurine Methyltransferase Laboratory Evaluation

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Individuals with decreased thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity are at risk of adverse effects of thiopurine administration whereas its increased activity may inactivate drugs faster. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with suspected hematological malignancies and inflammatory bowel disease from our region based on findings of nonlinear TPMT enzyme kinetics previously unreported. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> The study group comprised 267 individuals. They were screened for the most common variants of low TPMT activity. TPMT activity was measured in erythrocytes using the HPLC rate-blanked method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-three patients (12.4%) were heterozygous (26 were TPMT*1/*3A, 5 TPMT*1/*2, 2 TPMT *1/*3C) and 1 was a compound heterozygote (*2/*3A). Normal and low normal TPMT activities substantially overlapped in wild-type and heterozygous individuals, whereas high activities were found in 29 wild-type genotyped patients. Extreme and life-threatening toxicity was observed in the compound heterozygote patient. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Activity measurement performed at diagnosis provides clinicians with information on immediate pharmacokinetic-related adverse events and/or hypermetabolism, and genotyping may indicate the rate of pharmacodynamic thioguanine nucleotide accumulation due to slower overall thiopurine metabolism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125993.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictive Value of Thrombus Attenuation on Thin-Slice Non-Contrast CT for Persistent Occlusion after Intravenous Thrombolysis

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>In stroke erythrocyte-rich thrombi are more sensitive to intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rtPA) and have higher density on non-contrast CT (NCCT). We investigated the relationship between thrombus density and recanalization and whether persistent occlusions can be predicted by Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 88 IV-rtPA-treated patients with intracranial ICA or MCA occluding thrombus and follow-up imaging, thrombus and contralateral vessel attenuation measurements were performed on thin-slice NCCT. Mean absolute and relative HU were compared between patients with persistent occlusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction system, grade 0/1/2a) and recanalization (grade 2b/3). Univariate and multivariate (adjusted for stroke subtype, clot burden score, occlusion site and time to thrombolysis) odds ratios for persistent occlusion were calculated. Additional prognostic value for persistent occlusion was estimated by adding HU measurements to the area under the curve (AUC) of known determinants and calculating optimal cut-off values. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with persistent occlusion (n = 19) had significant lower mean HU (absolute 52.2 ± 9.5, relative 1.29 ± 0.20) compared to recanalization (absolute 63.1 ± 10.7, relative 1.54 ± 0.23, both p &lt; 0.0001). Odds ratios for persistent occlusion were 3.1 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.6-6.0) univariate and 3.1 (95% CI 1.7-5.7) multivariate per 10 absolute HU decrease and 3.2 (95% CI 1.6-6.5) univariate and 4.1 (95% CI 1.8-9.1) multivariate per 0.20 relative HU decrease. Attenuation measurements significantly increased the AUC (0.67) of the known determinants to 0.84 (absolute HU) and 0.86 (relative HU). Cut-off values of &lt;56.5 absolute HU and &lt;1.38 relative HU showed optimal predictive values for persistent occlusion. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Thrombus density is related to recanalization rate. Lower absolute and relative HU are independently related to persistent occlusion and HU measurements significantly increase discriminative performances of known recanalization determinants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125996.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Skeletal Metastatic Carcinomas from the Roman Period (1st to 5th Century AD) in Hungary

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> According to paleopathological records, tumors have a great antiquity. The prevalence of cancer in ancient populations might have differed from that in modern humans because of substantial differences in environmental factors, life expectancy and the availability of treatment. This study presents 3 cases of probable skeletal metastatic carcinoma from the Roman period (1st-5th century AD) in Hungary, showing the development of bone metastases of cancer without chemo- and radiotherapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All skeletons were subjected to a careful macroscopic investigation, which was extended by radiological, stereo- and scanning electron microscopic analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 1 case, the mixed nature and localization of the lesions, as well as the sex and age of the individual, suggested breast cancer as the primary focus. In the other 2 cases, based on the mostly osteoblastic nature and the localization of the lesions as well as on the sex and age of the individuals, the most probable diagnostic option is prostate carcinoma with skeletal metastases. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In view of the scarcity of cancer metastases that have been diagnosed in archeological specimens in general, identification of all examples of cancer in antiquity represents an important contribution both to paleopathology and to modern medicine.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125981
title: Supplementary Material for: High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Community-Based Study in Four Cities of the Hebei Province, China

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been suggested as a term for a boundary area between normal aging and dementia. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of MCI in the elderly in the Hebei province, China, and explore its related factors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants included 2,601 community-dwelling people aged 60 years or older who resided in the four major cities of the Hebei province. In stage 1 of the study, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were administered for screening purposes. In stage 2, the subjects who screened positive were further examined by neurologists. The diagnosis of MCI was made according to Petersen's criteria. <b><i>Results: </i></b>The estimated prevalence of MCI was 21.3%. MCI was more prevalent at age 65-69 (28.3%), and its overall rates among men (24.1%) were higher than those of women (19.9%). The higher prevalence of MCI was associated with very old age (≥80 years old; OR = 2.457, 95% CI = 1.471-4.104), male gender (OR = 1.363, 95% CI = 1.097-1.694), low education level (OR = 2.439, 95% CI = 1.623-3.663), and poor economic status (OR = 2.882, 95% CI = 1.949-4.255). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings show a high prevalence of MCI in the elderly urban population in the Hebei province. Gender, education level, and economic status may have an important role in the etiology of MCI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125975
title: Supplementary Material for: The Effect of Blood Glucose and pCO<sub>2</sub> on Spectral EEG of Premature Infants during the First Three Days of Life

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Spectral EEG analysis using automated quantification of total absolute band power (tABP) expresses brain function. We hypothesized that pCO<sub>2</sub> or blood glucose affects tABP during the critical first days of life in premature infants. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To use automated tABP quantification to determine whether EEG background activity in premature infants during the first 3 days of life is influenced by pCO<sub>2</sub> or blood glucose levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Preterm infants, group 1 [gestational age (GA) = 24-27 weeks] and group 2 (GA = 28-30 weeks), underwent continuous EEG monitoring for 3 days after birth. Biochemical data were extracted from the observational datasheet used during monitoring. Blood samples were taken at the request of the attending physician. Statistical analyses were performed as repeated measurements using linear mixed models with a random intercept. The effect of time was treated as a fixed covariate and the GA groups as a fixed factor in all models. Continuous data were described using the mean ± SD or median and range, and categorical data were described using the number of patients and percentages unless otherwise indicated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was an association between increased pCO<sub>2</sub> and tABP and between increased blood glucose and tABP. Further, there were no differences in the responses between groups 1 and 2. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both hyperglycemia and hypercapnia showed a negative effect on brain activity decreasing tABP during the first 3 days of life in premature infants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125984.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Age-Related Differences in Quality of Standing Balance Using a Composite Score

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Age-related differences in standing balance are not detected by testing the ability to maintain balance. Quality of standing balance might be more sensitive to detect age-related differences. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To study age-related differences in quality of standing balance, center of pressure (CoP) movement was evaluated using a wide range of CoP parameters in several standing conditions in healthy young and old participants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 35 healthy young (18-30 years) and 75 healthy old (70-80 years) participants, CoP movement was assessed in eight standing conditions on a force plate, including side-by-side, one-leg, semi-tandem and tandem stance, both with eyes open and eyes closed. Direction-specific CoP composite scores were calculated from standardized single CoP parameters (mean amplitude, amplitude variability, mean velocity, velocity variability and range) in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction. Linear regression analysis was used to detect age-related differences in single CoP parameters and composite scores - adjusted for gender, height and weight. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, single CoP parameters were higher in old compared to young participants, but no single CoP parameter consistently demonstrated the largest effect size for all standing conditions. Age-related differences were demonstrated for CoP composite scores in AP direction (tandem eyes open; semi-tandem eyes closed; p &lt; 0.001). CoP composite scores in ML direction were consistently higher for all standing conditions in old compared to young participants (p &lt; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> CoP composite scores in ML direction were the most consistent parameters to detect age-related differences in quality of standing balance in healthy participants and might be of clinical value to detect subtle changes in quality of standing balance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125987.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Augmenting Clinical Interpretability of Thiopurine Methyltransferase Laboratory Evaluation

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Individuals with decreased thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity are at risk of adverse effects of thiopurine administration whereas its increased activity may inactivate drugs faster. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with suspected hematological malignancies and inflammatory bowel disease from our region based on findings of nonlinear TPMT enzyme kinetics previously unreported. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> The study group comprised 267 individuals. They were screened for the most common variants of low TPMT activity. TPMT activity was measured in erythrocytes using the HPLC rate-blanked method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-three patients (12.4%) were heterozygous (26 were TPMT*1/*3A, 5 TPMT*1/*2, 2 TPMT *1/*3C) and 1 was a compound heterozygote (*2/*3A). Normal and low normal TPMT activities substantially overlapped in wild-type and heterozygous individuals, whereas high activities were found in 29 wild-type genotyped patients. Extreme and life-threatening toxicity was observed in the compound heterozygote patient. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Activity measurement performed at diagnosis provides clinicians with information on immediate pharmacokinetic-related adverse events and/or hypermetabolism, and genotyping may indicate the rate of pharmacodynamic thioguanine nucleotide accumulation due to slower overall thiopurine metabolism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125969
title: Supplementary Material for: Orbital Cellulitis Presenting as a First Sign of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease

description: A 6-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with orbital cellulitis. He had a history of 7 days of fever despite antibiotherapy. At first, he only had pharyngitis and conjunctivitis, but then an orbital mass evolved which restricted the movement of his right eye and there was also periorbital inflammation resembling orbital cellulitis. Examination at presentation revealed conjunctivitis with secretion, periocular inflammation and edema, right-preauricular lymphadenopathy and restriction of upgaze in the right eye. Laboratory findings included a white blood cell count of 19,000 cells per mm3, with 81.5% neutrophils, 15.0% lymphocytes, 1.2% monocytes and 0.4% basophils. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 52 mm/h and the C-reactive protein level was 46.3 mg/dl. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed orbital cellulitis and pansinusitis. Vancomycin (60 mg/kg/day) and meropenem (100 mg/kg/day) were administered, but desquamation on his fingertips and a rash appeared on the tenth day. A pediatric consultation resulted in a diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD). After administration of aspirin, the orbital inflammation regressed in 3 days. No coronary artery lesions were detected on the first echocardiography, but these did appear 6 weeks later. This confirmed the KD diagnosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125972
title: Supplementary Material for: The Neuroprotection Exerted by Memantine, Minocycline and Lithium, against Neurotoxicity of CSF from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Is Antagonized by Riluzole

description: In a recent study we found that cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients caused 20-30% loss of cell viability in primary cultures of rat embryo motor cortex neurons. We also found that the antioxidant resveratrol protected against such damaging effects and that, surprisingly, riluzole antagonized its protecting effects. Here we have extended this study to the interactions of riluzole with 3 other recognized neuroprotective agents, namely memantine, minocycline and lithium. We found: (1) by itself riluzole exerted neurotoxic effects at concentrations of 3-30 µM; this cell damage was similar to that elicited by 30 µM glutamate and a 10% dilution of ALS/CSF; (2) memantine (0.1-30 µM), minocycline (0.03-1 µM) and lithium (1-80 µg/ml) afforded 10-30% protection against ALS/CSF-elicited neurotoxicity, and (3) at 1-10 µM, riluzole antagonized the protection afforded by the 3 agents. These results strongly support the view that at the riluzole concentrations reached in the brain of patients, the neurotoxic effects of this drug could be masking the potential neuroprotective actions of new compounds being tested in clinical trials. Therefore, in the light of the present results, the inclusion of a group of patients free of riluzole treatment may be mandatory in future clinical trials performed in ALS patients with novel neuroprotective compounds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125978
title: Supplementary Material for: Swiss Quality and Outcomes Framework: Quality Indicators for Diabetes Management in Swiss Primary Care Based on Electronic Medical Records

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Most industrialized countries are faced with a growing population of patients with chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Evidence performance gaps have been recognized in the treatment of this vulnerable patient group. In England, the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) - based on incentivized quality indicators - has been established to narrow the gap. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We evaluated to what extent clinical data, extracted from electronic medical records (EMRs) of Swiss general practitioners, can be used as quality indicators in terms of a Swiss Quality and Outcomes Framework (SQOF) for diabetes care adopted from the QOF of the UK National Health Service (NHS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched the FIRE database (Family Medicine ICPC Research Using Electronic Medical Records) for patients suffering from diabetes type 1 or type 2. Eligible data were matched with the diabetes indicator set of the NHS QOF and compared with the results in England. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 11 out of 17 diabetes indicators could be adopted for the SQOF; 46 practices with 1,781 diabetes patients were included. The practices fulfilled the SQOF diabetes indicator set with 46.9% overall, with highest compliance for blood pressure measurements (97.8% of all practices) and lowest compliance for influenza immunization (45.7%). Our study practices showed higher variation across all indicators and between practices compared to England, but lacking structured data limited calculation of scores and comparability. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results show that it is technically feasible to establish a diabetes QOF in Swiss primary care based on EMRs. However, a high amount of missing data made it impossible to evaluate the actual quality of care. For a nationwide introduction, standards for electronic medical documentation and EMR use need to be set. It should also be acknowledged that important dimensions of suffering from one or more chronic diseases such as health-related quality of life are not reflected within a system focusing only on somatic aspects of a disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125981.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Community-Based Study in Four Cities of the Hebei Province, China

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been suggested as a term for a boundary area between normal aging and dementia. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of MCI in the elderly in the Hebei province, China, and explore its related factors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants included 2,601 community-dwelling people aged 60 years or older who resided in the four major cities of the Hebei province. In stage 1 of the study, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were administered for screening purposes. In stage 2, the subjects who screened positive were further examined by neurologists. The diagnosis of MCI was made according to Petersen's criteria. <b><i>Results: </i></b>The estimated prevalence of MCI was 21.3%. MCI was more prevalent at age 65-69 (28.3%), and its overall rates among men (24.1%) were higher than those of women (19.9%). The higher prevalence of MCI was associated with very old age (≥80 years old; OR = 2.457, 95% CI = 1.471-4.104), male gender (OR = 1.363, 95% CI = 1.097-1.694), low education level (OR = 2.439, 95% CI = 1.623-3.663), and poor economic status (OR = 2.882, 95% CI = 1.949-4.255). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings show a high prevalence of MCI in the elderly urban population in the Hebei province. Gender, education level, and economic status may have an important role in the etiology of MCI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125969.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Orbital Cellulitis Presenting as a First Sign of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease

description: A 6-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with orbital cellulitis. He had a history of 7 days of fever despite antibiotherapy. At first, he only had pharyngitis and conjunctivitis, but then an orbital mass evolved which restricted the movement of his right eye and there was also periorbital inflammation resembling orbital cellulitis. Examination at presentation revealed conjunctivitis with secretion, periocular inflammation and edema, right-preauricular lymphadenopathy and restriction of upgaze in the right eye. Laboratory findings included a white blood cell count of 19,000 cells per mm3, with 81.5% neutrophils, 15.0% lymphocytes, 1.2% monocytes and 0.4% basophils. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 52 mm/h and the C-reactive protein level was 46.3 mg/dl. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed orbital cellulitis and pansinusitis. Vancomycin (60 mg/kg/day) and meropenem (100 mg/kg/day) were administered, but desquamation on his fingertips and a rash appeared on the tenth day. A pediatric consultation resulted in a diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD). After administration of aspirin, the orbital inflammation regressed in 3 days. No coronary artery lesions were detected on the first echocardiography, but these did appear 6 weeks later. This confirmed the KD diagnosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125975.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Effect of Blood Glucose and pCO<sub>2</sub> on Spectral EEG of Premature Infants during the First Three Days of Life

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Spectral EEG analysis using automated quantification of total absolute band power (tABP) expresses brain function. We hypothesized that pCO<sub>2</sub> or blood glucose affects tABP during the critical first days of life in premature infants. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To use automated tABP quantification to determine whether EEG background activity in premature infants during the first 3 days of life is influenced by pCO<sub>2</sub> or blood glucose levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Preterm infants, group 1 [gestational age (GA) = 24-27 weeks] and group 2 (GA = 28-30 weeks), underwent continuous EEG monitoring for 3 days after birth. Biochemical data were extracted from the observational datasheet used during monitoring. Blood samples were taken at the request of the attending physician. Statistical analyses were performed as repeated measurements using linear mixed models with a random intercept. The effect of time was treated as a fixed covariate and the GA groups as a fixed factor in all models. Continuous data were described using the mean ± SD or median and range, and categorical data were described using the number of patients and percentages unless otherwise indicated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was an association between increased pCO<sub>2</sub> and tABP and between increased blood glucose and tABP. Further, there were no differences in the responses between groups 1 and 2. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both hyperglycemia and hypercapnia showed a negative effect on brain activity decreasing tABP during the first 3 days of life in premature infants.