cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djh9xj
title: Towards an understanding of cosmopolitanism in deep time: a case study of ammonoids from the middle Permian to the Middle Triassic

description: Cosmopolitanism occurred recurrently during the geological past,
 especially after mass extinctions, but the underlying mechanisms remain
 poorly known. Three theoretical models, not mutually exclusive, can lead
 to cosmopolitanism: (1) selective extinction in endemic taxa, (2) endemic
 taxa becoming cosmopolitan after the extinction and (3) an increase in the
 number of newly originated cosmopolitan taxa after extinction. We analyzed
 an updated occurrence dataset including 831 middle Permian to Middle
 Triassic ammonoid genera and used two network methods to distinguish major
 episodes of ammonoid cosmopolitanism during this time interval. Then, we
 tested the three proposed models in these case studies. Our results
 confirm that at least two remarkable cosmopolitanism events after the
 Permian–Triassic and late Smithian (Early Triassic) extinctions,
 respectively. Partitioned analyses of survivors and newcomers revealed
 that the immediate cosmopolitanism event (Griesbachian) after the
 Permian–Triassic event can be attributed to endemic genera becoming
 cosmopolitan (Model 2) and an increase in the number of newly originated
 cosmopolitan genera after the extinction (Model 3). Late Smithian
 cosmopolitanism is caused by selective extinction in endemic taxa (Model
 1) and an increase in the number of newly originated cosmopolitan genera
 (Model 3). We found that the survivors of Permian–Triassic mass extinction
 did not show a wider geographic range, suggesting that this mass
 extinction is nonselective among the biogeographic range, while late
 Smithian survivors exhibit a wide geographic range, indicating selective
 survivorship among cosmopolitan genera. These successive cosmopolitanism
 events during severe extinctions are associated with marked environmental
 upheavals such as rapid climate changes and oceanic anoxic events,
 suggesting that environmental fluctuations play a significant role in
 cosmopolitanism.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280nr
title: Data from: Prey with hidden colour defences benefit from their similarity to aposematic signals

description: Some camouflaged animals hide colour signals and display them only
 transiently. These hidden colour signals are often conspicuous and are
 used as a secondary defence to warn or startle predators (deimatic
 displays) and/or to confuse them (flash displays). The hidden signals used
 in these displays frequently resemble typical aposematic signals, so it is
 possible that prey with hidden signals have evolved to employ colour
 patterns of a form that predators have previously learned to associate
 with unprofitability. Here, we tested this hypothesis by conducting two
 experiments that examined the effect of predator avoidance learning on the
 efficacy of deimatic and flash displays. We found that the survival
 benefits of both deimatic and flash displays were substantially higher
 against educated predators than naïve ones. These findings help explain
 the phenological patterns we found in 1,568 macro-lepidopteran species on
 three continents: species with hidden signals tend to occur later in the
 season than species without hidden signals.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x69p8czg8
title: Migrant blackbirds, Turdus merula, have higher plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to residents, but not enhanced fatty acid unsaturation index

description: Birds have been observed to have dietary preferences for unsaturated fatty
 acids during migration. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may increase
 the exercise performance of migrant birds; however, PUFAs are also
 peroxidation prone and might therefore incur increased costs in terms of
 enhanced oxidative damage in migratory individuals. To shed light on this
 potential constraint, we analysed plasma fatty acid (FA) composition and
 estimated the unsaturation index as a proxy for susceptibility to lipid
 peroxidation of migrants and residents of the partially migratory common
 blackbird (Turdus merula) at a stop-over site during autumn migration. As
 predicted, migrant birds had higher relative and absolute levels of PUFAs
 compared to resident birds. This included the strictly dietary ω-3 PUFA
 α-linolenic acid, suggesting a dietary and/or storage preference for these
 FAs in migrants. Interestingly, the FA unsaturation index did not differ
 between migrants and residents. These findings suggest a mechanism where
 birds alter their levels of metabolic substrate without simultaneously
 increasing the susceptibility of the substrate to lipid peroxidation. In
 summary, our results are in line with the hypothesis that increased
 exercise performance during migration might be constrained by oxidative
 stress, which is manifested in changes in the composition of key FAs to
 retain the unsaturation index constant despite the increased levels of
 peroxidizable PUFAs.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wqa3k3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 49161 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ameiurus nebulosus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 49161 records from 139 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002482-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbt4
title: Hunters versus Hunted: New perspectives on the physiological costs of survival at the top of the food chain

description: Global biotic and abiotic threats,particularly from pervasive human
 activities, are progressively pushing large, apex carnivorous mammals into
 the functional role of mesopredator. Hunters are now becoming the hunted.
 Despite marked impacts on these animals and the ecosystems in which they
 live, little is known about the physiological repercussions of this role
 downgrading from ultimate to penultimate predator. Here we examine how
 such ecological role reversals alter the physiological processes
 associated with energy expenditure, and ultimately the cost of survival
 during peak performance. Taxonomic group, preferred habitat, and
 domestication affected the capacity of the oxygen pathway to support high
 levels of aerobic performance by carnivorous mammals. Fear responses
 associated with anthropogenic threats also impacted aerobic
 capacity.   Allometric trends for three energetic
 metrics (maximum oxygen consumption, field metabolic rates, and the cost
 per stride or step), showed distinct trends in aerobic capacity for
 different evolutionary lineages of mammalian predators. Cursorial canids
 that chase down prey demonstrated the highest relative maximum oxygen
 consumption rates (10-25 times resting levels) and field metabolic rates,
 while ambush predators (i.e., felids) and marine mammals had aerobic
 capacities that were similar to or lower than sedentary domestic mammals
 of comparable size. The maximum energetic cost of performance for apex
 predators depended on whether the animals were hunters or the hunted.
 Escape responses were exceptionally costly for marine (narwhal, Monodon
 monoceros) and terrestrial (mountain lion, Puma concolor) locomotor
 specialists, as well as semi-aquatic (polar bear, Ursus maritimus)
 species; all showed a nearly two-fold increase in peak energy expenditure
 when avoiding threats. As the duration and frequency of threats to wild
 species continue to grow, cumulative energetic costs are becoming more
 apparent. In view of this, attention to the energy demands of apex
 predators will provide vital predictive power to anticipate mismatches
 between a species functional design and human-induced pressures, and allow
 for the development of conservation strategies based on how species are
 built to survive.
description: The data in these files support the review paper, Hunters versus
 Hunted: New persepctives on the physiological costs of survival at the top
 of the food chain, and were compiled from original peer-reviewed
 literature. Methods used in the collection of the data are provided in
 detail in the accompanying reference lists at the bottom of each
 table.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rf5
title: Are juveniles as tolerant to salinity stress as adults?: A case study of Northern European, Ponto-Caspian and North American species

description: Aim: Global biodiversity and ecosystems are highly impacted by
 anthropogenic activities, such as climate change and introduction of
 non-indigenous species. As numerous species from the Ponto-Caspian region
 have established in the North and Baltic Seas, as well as in the
 Laurentian Great Lakes, there have been large number of studies examining
 environmental tolerance of these species to determine their future
 potential to spread. However, many of those studies were conducted only on
 adult stages, while neglecting the possibility that early life history
 stages might not be equally resilient. 
 Location: Northern European, Ponto‐Caspian and North American
 regions. Methods: To determine if juveniles would demonstrate the
 same environmental tolerance as their parents, we examined the
 salinity tolerance of adults and juveniles of one Northern European
 (Gammarus salinus), one Ponto-Caspian (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and one
 North American species (Gammarus tigrinus). Additionally, we
 compared our study to that of Paiva et al. (2018), who tested the salinity
 tolerance of the same species using only adults. 
 Results: Our study determined that both adults and juveniles of
 all three species tolerated wide ranges of salinity, with juveniles
 of G. salinus tolerating only slightly narrower salinity
 range than their parents, while those of P.
 maeoticus and G.
 tigrinus much narrower range. Additionally,
 we determined better survival and higher growth rates of
 juveniles of G. salinus in higher salinities, and better
 survival of P. maeoticus in lower salinities. 
 Main conclusions: Based on juvenile salinity tolerance, our study
 further supported findings of Paiva et al. (2018), where Northern European
 species may be adapted to marine, while Ponto-Caspian to lower saline and
 freshwater environments. The North American species is probably adapted to
 intermediate salinities. As juveniles do not tolerate the same
 salinity stress as adults, we emphasize the importance of testing
 all life-history stages when predicting species resilience to
 environmental stressors.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5x69p8d18
title: No relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and depressive disorders in a multiverse analysis of five studies

description: For decades, the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) – a disproportion in EEG
 alpha oscillations power between right and left frontal channels – has
 been one of the most popular measures of depressive disorders (DD) in
 electrophysiology studies. Patients with DD often manifest a left-sided
 FAA: relatively higher alpha power in the left versus right frontal lobe.
 Recently, however, multiple studies failed to confirm this effect,
 questioning its reproducibility. Our purpose is to thoroughly test the
 validity of FAA in depression by conducting a multiverse analysis –
 running many related analyses and testing the sensitivity of the effect to
 changes in the analytical approach – on data from five independent
 studies. Only 13 of the 270 analyses revealed significant results. We
 conclude the paper by discussing theoretical assumptions underlying the
 FAA and suggest a list of guidelines for improving and expanding the EEG
 data analysis in future FAA studies.
description: The dataset contains EEG resting data from three independent
 studies on depressive disorders. All EEG files are in eeglab format (so
 there are actually two files for each recording: `.set` and `.fdt`). Each
 file has been resampled, 1 Hz high pass filtered and cleaned with ICA
 (components related to blinks, eye movements, cardiac or muscle activity
 were removed).
description: The repository contains three out of five datasets that were used
 in the study. The other two datasets are already publicly available (see
 more information in the paper).<br> For more usage information see
 the readme.txt.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfj91
title: Root trait responses to drought are more heterogeneous than leaf trait responses

description: Drought can strongly modify plant diversity and ecosystem processes. As
 droughts are expected to intensify in the future, it is important to
 better understand plant responses to this global driver. Root traits are
 an overlooked but powerful predictor of plant responses to drought because
 they are in direct contact with the soil environment and are responsible
 for taking up nutrients and water. Here, we determine which root traits
 are sensitive to drought and the magnitude of that response. We also
 tested whether root trait relationships with shoot biomass are affected by
 drought and to what extent all these responses depend on plant species
 identity. To do so, we conducted a glasshouse experiment with 24 plant
 species grown in pots (10 replicates per species), which included grasses,
 forbs and legumes. All replicates were well watered during the first month
 and then half of them were kept under drought (30 % water holding capacity
 (WHC)), with the other half serving as control (70 % WHC). After two
 months of treatment, leaf and root traits were measured. Leaf traits had a
 strong and more uniform response to drought compared to root traits. Root
 trait responses were variable and differed among plant species. Overall,
 grasses and several forbs had increased root diameter with drought while
 forbs had decreased specific root surface area (SRSA) and specific root
 length (SRL). Increase of root diameter and reduction of root elongation
 or sacrificing fine roots are different strategies that may promote
 nutrient and water acquisition, depending on plant species identity. Our
 results identify changes in root morphological traits as mechanisms to
 likely tolerate drought and highlight that, although such drought
 responses are species-specific, they are phylogenetically clustered.
description: We set up an experiment in the glasshouse. Data were collected
 after harvest. 
description: Missing values for Trifolium (Leaf dry matter content and
 Specific leaf area)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.05qfttf12
title: Information signals impacting perceptions of gluten-free diets

description: Understanding how people assimilate different types of information for
 food choices is integral to improving knowledge about diet and human
 health. This study evaluates the impact that ten information signals have
 on the perceived healthiness of gluten. Signals include non-social signals
 like personal eating experiences, scientific studies, and advice from
 doctors, but also includes social signals like recommendations from
 attractive people, social media, the layout of a grocery store, and
 celebrities. In a survey of over 1,000 Americans, advice from an
 attractive person is thought to have a slightly larger impact than reading
 about a new study regarding gluten, and seeing a grocery store develop a
 new gluten-free section has a larger impact than learning a celebrity
 consumes a gluten-free diet.
description: To measure the perceived impact social signals about gluten are
 perceived to have on other people, an internet survey of over 1,500
 Americans is conducted where respondents are given a list of social
 signals and are asked to rate the impact that signal will have on
 perceptions of gluten-free diets. The survey was conducted in the fall of
 2019 using a sample acquired by Qualtrics.
description: See word document on the survey, it has all the information you
 need on the variable names and definitions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k6djh9w4q
title: Molecular ecological network analyses: An effective conservation tool for the assessment of biodiversity, trophic interactions, and community structure

description: Global biodiversity is threatened by the anthropogenic restructuring of
 animal communities, which rewires species interaction networks in
 real-time as individuals are extirpated or introduced. Conservation
 science and adaptive ecosystem management demands more rapid,
 quantitative, and non-invasive technologies for robustly capturing
 changing biodiversity and quantifying species interactions. Here we
 develop molecular ecological network analyses (MENA) as an ecosystem
 assessment tool to address these needs. To construct the ecological
 network, we used environmental DNA from feces to identify the plant and
 mammal diet of two carnivores: puma (Puma concolor) and bobcat (Lynx
 rufus); two omnivores: coyote (Canis latrans) and gray fox (Urocyon
 cinereoargenteus); and two herbivores: black-tailed deer (Odocoileus
 hemionus) and black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) in a
 well-studied Californian reserve. To evaluate MENA as a comprehensive
 biodiversity tool, we applied our framework to identify the structure of
 the network, patterns of trophic interactions, key species, and to assess
 its utility in capturing the biodiversity of the area. The high dietary
 taxonomic resolution enabled the assessment of species diversity, niche
 breadth and overlap. The network analysis revealed a dense ecological
 network with a high diversity of weakly connected species and a community
 that is highly modular and non-nested. The significant prevalence of
 tri-trophic chain and exploitative competition patterns indicates (i) the
 removal or reintroduction of a top predator would trigger a trophic
 cascade within this community, directly affecting their prey and
 indirectly the plant communities, and (ii) the potential impact of
 indirect effects between two predators that consume the same prey. These
 results suggest that the recent resurgence of puma in the study area may
 impact the herbaceous and woody vegetation and the population size of
 other predators. This effect of fluctuating predator populations and plant
 communities could be predicted through MENA’s fine-scale assessment of the
 diet selection and the identified keystone species. Although just using a
 subset of species, MENA more rapidly, accurately, and effectively captured
 the broader biodiversity of the area in comparison to other methodologies.
 MENA reconstructed and unveiled the hidden complexity in trophic structure
 and interaction networks within the community, providing a promising
 toolkit for biodiversity and ecosystem management.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0f4
title: Within-colony transmission of Microsporidian and Trypanosomatid parasites in honey bee and bumble bee colonies

description: Parasites are commonly cited as one of the causes of population declines
 for both managed and wild bees. Epidemiological models sometimes assume
 that increasing the proportion of infected individuals in a group should
 increase transmission. However, social insects exhibit behaviors and
 traits which can dampen the link between pathogen pressure and disease
 spread. Understanding patterns of parasite transmission within colonies of
 social bees has important implications for how to control diseases within
 those colonies, and potentially the broader pollinator community. We used
 bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson) and western honey
 bees (Apis mellifera L.) infected with the gut
 parasites Crithidia bombi (Lipa &
 Triggiani) and Nosema ceranae (Fries et al.),
 respectively, to understand how the initial proportion of infected
 individuals impacts within-colony spread and intensity of infection of the
 parasites. In bumble bees, we found that higher initial parasite
 prevalence increased both the final prevalence and intensity of infection
 of C. bombi. In honey bees, higher initial prevalence increased
 the intensity of infection in individual bees, but not the final
 prevalence of N. ceranae. Measures that reduce the probability of
 workers bringing parasites back to the nest may have implications for how
 to control transmission and/or severity of infection and disease
 outbreaks, which could also have important consequences for controlling
 disease spread back into the broader bee community. 
description: This files contain the data of within colony transmission of
 <em>Nosema ceranae</em> in honey bee colonies and Crithidia
 bombi in Bombus impatiens colonies. It also contain the R code used to
 analysed the data. Check the README files for and explanation of the
 variable names in the data set
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tdz08kpxb
title: Data from: Intraspecific variation in host plant traits mediates taxonomic and functional composition of local insect herbivore communities

description: Host plant phenotypic traits affect the structure of the associated
 consumer community and mediate species interactions. We compare herbivore
 assemblages from the canopy of the phenotypically variable tree
 Metrosideros polymorpha on Hawai‘i Island. Multiple distinct varieties of
 M. polymorpha frequently co‐occur, with variation in morphological traits.
 Using this system, we identify host and insect traits that underlie
 patterns of herbivore abundance and quantify the strength of host‐insect
 trait interactions. The dataset includes host plant phenotypic traits
 (specific leaf area, leaf water content, foliar nutrients, trichome
 presence), as well as collection information. The dataset also contains
 the herbivorous insect community associated with this host plant, their
 abundances and life history traits. R code for analyses in this
 article is also included.
description: See Tielens & Gruner 2020 for full details. The data was
 collected from four focal sites on the west and southwest side of Hawai‘i
 Island where multiple varieties and phenotypes of <em>Metrosideros
 polymorpha </em>co‐occur. We sampled six <em>M.
 polymorpha</em> trees during two sampling events to ensure
 within‐site replication, allowing comparison across phenotypes with the
 same local environmental conditions. Arthropods were
 collected from the outer canopy of the focal <em>M.
 polymorpha</em> tree. Each tree was sampled in 2014 and 2015,
 resulting in six replicates across four sites for two years. Canopies were
 accessed using the single‐rope technique. Samples were collected by
 quickly bagging multiple branches in the outer canopy, and using a pole
 pruner to clip branches (see assocciated article for further details).
 Samples were transported to the lab and specimens were extracted on the
 same day as collection. Specimens were extracted by gently shaking
 branches on an enclosed white surface and aspirating individuals that
 emerged. Foliage samples were carefully searched, but herbivores feeding
 completely enclosed within leaves or buds were not manually extracted.
 Specimens were kept in 95% ethanol before identification; we included only
 phytophagous species, and Hemiptera specimens were identified to (morpho)
 species, while Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were identified to family or
 morphospecies. Leaf traits were measured on leaves
 sampled at the time of first insect collection, while insect traits were
 based on the literature (except for body size, which was also measured).
 See article and supplemental materials for more information on
 this.