cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e114112v1
title: Replication data for: Zipf's Law, Pareto's Law, and the Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States

description: We construct a tractable neoclassical growth model that generates Pareto's law of income distribution and Zipf's law of the firm size distribution from idiosyncratic, firm-level productivity shocks. Executives and entrepreneurs invest in risk-free assets, as well as their own firms' risky stocks, through which their wealth and income depend on firm-level shocks. By using the model, we evaluate how changes in tax rates can account for the evolution of top incomes in the United States. The model matches the decline in the Pareto exponent of the income distribution and the trend of the top 1 percent income share in recent decades.
DOI: 10.3886/e113441
title: Replication data for: Agglomeration of Invention in the Bay Area: Not Just ICT

description: We document that the Bay Area rose from 4% of all successful US patent applications in 1976 to 16% in 2008. This is partly driven by the increase in the prevalence of information and communication technology; however, even for patents unrelated to information and communication technology, we see a disproportionate increase in the share of US patents from the Bay Area. We interpret this growth as a trend to coagglomeration in invention across technologies, and explore different dimensions of this trend.
DOI: 10.3886/e113441v1
title: Replication data for: Agglomeration of Invention in the Bay Area: Not Just ICT

description: We document that the Bay Area rose from 4% of all successful US patent applications in 1976 to 16% in 2008. This is partly driven by the increase in the prevalence of information and communication technology; however, even for patents unrelated to information and communication technology, we see a disproportionate increase in the share of US patents from the Bay Area. We interpret this growth as a trend to coagglomeration in invention across technologies, and explore different dimensions of this trend.
DOI: 10.3886/e113442
title: Replication data for: Estimating Top Income and Wealth Shares: Sensitivity to Data and Methods

description: Administrative income tax data indicate that U.S. top income and wealth shares are both substantial and larger than shares observed in household surveys. However, these estimates are sensitive to the unit of analysis, the income concept measured in tax records, and, in the case of wealth, to assumptions about the correlation between income and wealth. We constrain a household survey--the Survey of Consumer Finances--to be conceptually comparable to tax records and are able to reconcile the much of the difference between the survey and administrative estimates. Wealth estimates from administrative income tax data are sensitive to model parameters.
DOI: 10.3886/e113442v1
title: Replication data for: Estimating Top Income and Wealth Shares: Sensitivity to Data and Methods

description: Administrative income tax data indicate that U.S. top income and wealth shares are both substantial and larger than shares observed in household surveys. However, these estimates are sensitive to the unit of analysis, the income concept measured in tax records, and, in the case of wealth, to assumptions about the correlation between income and wealth. We constrain a household survey--the Survey of Consumer Finances--to be conceptually comparable to tax records and are able to reconcile the much of the difference between the survey and administrative estimates. Wealth estimates from administrative income tax data are sensitive to model parameters.
DOI: 10.3886/e113443
title: Replication data for: Estimating the Top Tail of the Wealth Distribution

description: This paper uses the Household Finance and Consumption Survey to construct new estimates of top wealth shares in Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Finland and The Netherlands. It provides a methodology to address simultaneously non-response and underreporting in wealth surveys.
DOI: 10.3886/e113443v1
title: Replication data for: Estimating the Top Tail of the Wealth Distribution

description: This paper uses the Household Finance and Consumption Survey to construct new estimates of top wealth shares in Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Finland and The Netherlands. It provides a methodology to address simultaneously non-response and underreporting in wealth surveys.
DOI: 10.3886/e113444
title: Replication data for: Heterogeneity in Returns to Wealth and the Measurement of Wealth Inequality

description: Lacking a long time series on the assets of the very wealthy, Saez and Zucman (2015) use US tax records to obtain estimates of wealth holdings by capitalizing asset income from tax returns. They document marked upward trends in wealth concentration. We use data on tax returns and actual wealth holdings from tax records for the whole Norwegian population to test the robustness of the methodology. We document that measures of wealth based on the capitalization approach can lead to misleading conclusions about the level and the dynamics of wealth inequality if returns are heterogeneous and even moderately correlated with wealth.
DOI: 10.3886/e113444v1
title: Replication data for: Heterogeneity in Returns to Wealth and the Measurement of Wealth Inequality

description: Lacking a long time series on the assets of the very wealthy, Saez and Zucman (2015) use US tax records to obtain estimates of wealth holdings by capitalizing asset income from tax returns. They document marked upward trends in wealth concentration. We use data on tax returns and actual wealth holdings from tax records for the whole Norwegian population to test the robustness of the methodology. We document that measures of wealth based on the capitalization approach can lead to misleading conclusions about the level and the dynamics of wealth inequality if returns are heterogeneous and even moderately correlated with wealth.
DOI: 10.3886/e113445v1
title: Replication data for: Productivity Dispersion in Medicine and Manufacturing

description: The conventional wisdom in health economics is that large differences in average productivity across US hospitals are the result of idiosyncratic features of the healthcare sector which dull the role of market forces. Strikingly, however, we find that productivity dispersion in heart attack treatment across hospitals is, if anything, smaller than in narrowly defined manufacturing industries such as ready-mixed concrete. While this fact admits multiple interpretations, it suggests that healthcare may have more in common with "traditional" sectors than is often assumed, and relatedly, that insights from research on productivity and allocation in other sectors may enrich analysis of healthcare.
DOI: 10.3886/e113700
title: Replication data for: Externalities and Taxation of Supplemental Insurance: A Study of Medicare and Medigap

description: Most health insurance uses cost-sharing to reduce excess utilization. Supplemental insurance can blunt the impact of this cost-sharing, increasing utilization and exerting a negative externality on the primary insurer. This paper estimates the effect of private Medigap supplemental insurance on public Medicare spending using Medigap premium discontinuities in local medical markets that span state boundaries. Using administrative data on the universe of Medicare beneficiaries, we estimate that Medigap increases an individual's Medicare spending by 22.2 percent. We calculate that a 15 percent tax on Medigap premiums generates savings of $12.9 billion annually with a standard error of $4.9 billion.
DOI: 10.3886/e113700v1
title: Replication data for: Externalities and Taxation of Supplemental Insurance: A Study of Medicare and Medigap

description: Most health insurance uses cost-sharing to reduce excess utilization. Supplemental insurance can blunt the impact of this cost-sharing, increasing utilization and exerting a negative externality on the primary insurer. This paper estimates the effect of private Medigap supplemental insurance on public Medicare spending using Medigap premium discontinuities in local medical markets that span state boundaries. Using administrative data on the universe of Medicare beneficiaries, we estimate that Medigap increases an individual's Medicare spending by 22.2 percent. We calculate that a 15 percent tax on Medigap premiums generates savings of $12.9 billion annually with a standard error of $4.9 billion.
DOI: 10.3886/e113702
title: Replication data for: Access to Migration for Rural Households

description: This paper exploits a unique feature of China's history, the "sent-down youth" (SDY) program, to study the effects of access to internal migration. We show that temporary migration due to the SDY program created lasting inter-province links. We interact these links with two time-varying pull measures in potential destinations. Decades after the SDY program ended, increased access to migration in cities which sent SDY leads to higher rates of migration from provinces where those SDY temporarily resided. We find that improved access to migration leads to lower consumption volatility and lower asset-holding. Furthermore, household production shifts into high-risk, high-return activities.
DOI: 10.3886/e113702v1
title: Replication data for: Access to Migration for Rural Households

description: This paper exploits a unique feature of China's history, the "sent-down youth" (SDY) program, to study the effects of access to internal migration. We show that temporary migration due to the SDY program created lasting inter-province links. We interact these links with two time-varying pull measures in potential destinations. Decades after the SDY program ended, increased access to migration in cities which sent SDY leads to higher rates of migration from provinces where those SDY temporarily resided. We find that improved access to migration leads to lower consumption volatility and lower asset-holding. Furthermore, household production shifts into high-risk, high-return activities.
DOI: 10.3886/e113703
title: Replication data for: Do Low Levels of Blood Lead Reduce Children's Future Test Scores?

description: We construct a unique individual-level dataset linking preschool blood lead levels with third grade test scores for Rhode Island children born 1997–2005. Using two identification strategies, we show for the first time that reductions of lead from even historically low levels have significant positive effects. A one-unit decrease in average blood lead levels reduces the probability of being substantially below proficient in reading (math) by 0.96 (0.79) percentage points on a baseline of 12 (16) percent. Since disadvantaged children have greater exposure to lead, lead poisoning may be one of the causes of continuing disparities in test scores.
DOI: 10.3886/e113703v1
title: Replication data for: Do Low Levels of Blood Lead Reduce Children's Future Test Scores?

description: We construct a unique individual-level dataset linking preschool blood lead levels with third grade test scores for Rhode Island children born 1997–2005. Using two identification strategies, we show for the first time that reductions of lead from even historically low levels have significant positive effects. A one-unit decrease in average blood lead levels reduces the probability of being substantially below proficient in reading (math) by 0.96 (0.79) percentage points on a baseline of 12 (16) percent. Since disadvantaged children have greater exposure to lead, lead poisoning may be one of the causes of continuing disparities in test scores.
DOI: 10.3886/e113704
title: Replication data for: Modern Family? Paternity Leave and Marital Stability

description: We study how relationship stability of couples is affected by an increase in fathers' involvement in staying home from work with young children. We make use of a parental leave reform in Sweden that earmarked one month of paid leave to each parent in a regression discontinuity difference-in-differences (RD-DD) framework. Couples who were affected by the reform increased the take-up of fathers' leave but also increased their probability of separation compared to unaffected couples. We argue that the separation effect can be explained by the degree of restrictiveness of the policy in combination with role conflicts in traditional family constellations.
DOI: 10.3886/e113704v1
title: Replication data for: Modern Family? Paternity Leave and Marital Stability

description: We study how relationship stability of couples is affected by an increase in fathers' involvement in staying home from work with young children. We make use of a parental leave reform in Sweden that earmarked one month of paid leave to each parent in a regression discontinuity difference-in-differences (RD-DD) framework. Couples who were affected by the reform increased the take-up of fathers' leave but also increased their probability of separation compared to unaffected couples. We argue that the separation effect can be explained by the degree of restrictiveness of the policy in combination with role conflicts in traditional family constellations.
DOI: 10.3886/e113977
title: Replication data for: What Can We Learn from Charter School Lotteries?

description: We take a closer look at what can be learned about charter schools by pooling data from lottery-based impact estimates of the effect of charter school attendance at 113 schools. On average, each year enrolled at one of these schools increases math scores by 0.08 standard deviations and English/language arts scores by 0.04 standard deviations relative to attending a counterfactual public school. There is wide variation in impact estimates. To glean what drives this variation, we link these effects to school practices, inputs, and characteristics of fallback schools. In line with the earlier literature, we find that schools that adopt an intensive "No Excuses" attitude towards students are correlated with large positive effects on academic performance, with traditional inputs like class size playing no role in explaining charter school effects. However, we highlight that No Excuses schools are also located among the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the country. After accounting for performance levels at fallback schools, the relationship between the remaining variation in school performance and the entire No Excuses package of practices weakens. No Excuses schools are effective at raising performance in neighborhoods with very poor performing schools, but the available data have less to say on whether the No Excuses approach could help in nonurban settings or whether other practices would similarly raise achievement in areas with low-performing schools. We find that intensive tutoring is the only No Excuses characteristic that remains significant (even for nonurban schools) once the performance levels of fallback schools are taken into account.
DOI: 10.3886/e113977v1
title: Replication data for: What Can We Learn from Charter School Lotteries?

description: We take a closer look at what can be learned about charter schools by pooling data from lottery-based impact estimates of the effect of charter school attendance at 113 schools. On average, each year enrolled at one of these schools increases math scores by 0.08 standard deviations and English/language arts scores by 0.04 standard deviations relative to attending a counterfactual public school. There is wide variation in impact estimates. To glean what drives this variation, we link these effects to school practices, inputs, and characteristics of fallback schools. In line with the earlier literature, we find that schools that adopt an intensive "No Excuses" attitude towards students are correlated with large positive effects on academic performance, with traditional inputs like class size playing no role in explaining charter school effects. However, we highlight that No Excuses schools are also located among the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the country. After accounting for performance levels at fallback schools, the relationship between the remaining variation in school performance and the entire No Excuses package of practices weakens. No Excuses schools are effective at raising performance in neighborhoods with very poor performing schools, but the available data have less to say on whether the No Excuses approach could help in nonurban settings or whether other practices would similarly raise achievement in areas with low-performing schools. We find that intensive tutoring is the only No Excuses characteristic that remains significant (even for nonurban schools) once the performance levels of fallback schools are taken into account.
DOI: 10.3886/e113978
title: Replication data for: The Impact of Immigration: Why Do Studies Reach Such Different Results?

description: We classify the empirical literature on the wage impact of immigration into three groups, where studies in the first two groups estimate different relative effects, and studies in the third group estimate the total effect of immigration on wages. We interpret the estimates obtained from the different approaches through the lens of the canonical model to demonstrate that they are not comparable. We then relax two key assumptions in this literature, allowing for inelastic and heterogeneous labor supply elasticities of natives and the "downgrading" of immigrants. "Downgrading" occurs when the position of immigrants in the labor market is systematically lower than the position of natives with the same observed education and experience levels. Downgrading means that immigrants receive lower returns to the same measured skills than natives when these skills are acquired in their country of origin. We show that heterogeneous labor supply elasticities, if ignored, may complicate the interpretation of wage estimates, and particularly the interpretation of relative wage effects. Moreover, downgrading may lead to biased estimates in those approaches that estimate relative effects of immigration, but not in approaches that estimate total effects. We conclude that empirical models that estimate total effects not only answer important policy questions, but are also more robust to alternative assumptions than models that estimate relative effects.
DOI: 10.26022/ieda/111594
title: Santa Catalina Mountains Soil Solution Chemistry 2016 (Arizona, USA)

description: Soil solution samples in the Santa-Catalina Mountain field sites of the Catalina-Jemez Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) are collected with three types of soil solution samples: i) Prenart Super Quartz suction cups (www.prenart.dk), ii) SoilMoisture suction cups (SoilMoisture Equipment Corp., Santa Barbara, CA), and iii) custom made zero-tension sampler (Hinckley et al., 2008). Prenart suction cups are optimized for all chemistry analyses and were installed with and without addition of Si-slurry at the Mount Bigelow and Marshall Gulch/Oracle Ridge study sites, respectively. Applied suction for each Prenart is ~ 50kPa and SoilMoisture suction cups are sampled with a suction of 70-80kpa. Both suction cup types are optimized for all chemistry analyses with the exception of dissolved organic matter in the case of the SoilMoisture ones (due to potential sorption of DOM on the porous ceramic material). Zero-tension samplers are optimized for water flux determination at saturated flow and sampling for various chemistry analyses. In Marshall Gulch, there are 8 SoilMoisture suction cups in the schist site and 7 in the granite site in both convergent and divergent landscape positions. These soil solution samplers are co-located with piezometers measuring water table depth within the soil profile. In the Oracle Ridge site, there are 8 pedons each equipped with 2 Prenarts and 1 SoilMoisture ceramic cup lysimeter. These samplers are co-located with Decagon Em5b data loggers with EC-5 soil moisture sensors and ECT soil temperature sensors. The B2 Desert Schist and a Granite sites are both equipped with 7 zero-tension samplers (Hinckley et al., 2008) in both divergent and convergent landscape positions as well one SoilMoisture ceramic cup lysimeter. These samplers are co-located with Decagon Em5b data loggers with EC-5 soil moisture sensors and ECT soil temperature sensors. In the Bigelow ZOB site, there are 4 pedons each equipped with 4 Prenarts co-located with Decagon 5TE soil moisture and MPS-6 matric potential sensors, Vaisala GMM220 CO2 sensors, and Apogee SO-110 O2 sensors, and platinum electrode sensors for redox potential, connected to Campbell Sci CR1000 data logger.
description: Trostle, K.D., Runyon, J.R., Pohlmann, M.A., Redfield, S.E., Pelletier, J., McIntosh, J., and Chorover, J. (2016) Colloids and Organic Matter Complexation Control Trace Metal Concentration-Discharge Relationships in Marshall Gulch Stream. Water Resources Research, 52(10): 7931–7944. Dwivedi, R., Meixner, T., McIntosh, J.C., Ferré, P.A.T., Eastoe, C.J., Niu, G.-Y., Minor, R.L., Barron-Gafford, G.A., and Chorover, J. (2019) Hydrologic functioning of the deep critical zone and contributions to streamflow in a high-elevation catchment: Testing of multiple conceptual models. Hydrological Processes, 33(4): 476-494.
DOI: 10.26022/ieda/111593
title: Jemez River Basin Soil Solution Chemistry 2016 (New Mexico, USA)

description: Soil solution samples in the Jemez River Basin field sites of the Catalina-Jemez Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) are collected with the following two types of soil solution samplers: i) Prenart Super Quartz suction cups (www.prenart.dk). Prenart suction cups are optimized for all chemistry analyses and were installed without addition of Si-slurry to allow for artifact-free Si analyses. Applied suction for each Prenart is ~ 60 kPa. ii) Custom made, fiberglass wick-based passive capillary wick samplers (PCaps, Perdrial et al. 2012). PCaps are optimized for water flux determination and sampling for organic carbon, most (non-carbonate) anions and trace metals. PCap samples should however not be used for major cations (Na, Mg, Si, K, Ca) and dissolved inorganic carbon because of artifacts from the fiberglass materials (see Perdrial et al (2014) for a complete list). Passive (continuous) suction, based on the length of the hanging water column, is ~3 kPa. Soil solution samplers were installed in each of six pedons in the Mixed Conifer Zero Order Basin (MC-ZOB) and the fire impacted site (2011 Burned ZOB) at 3 (PCaps) and 4 (Prenarts) depths, respectively. Pedon locations were selected to capture differences in catchment aspect (MC-ZOB SE facing: Pit 3 and 4, NW facing: Pit 1 and 6), landscape position (MC-ZOB: hollow Pit 2 and 5, planar Pit 1 and 6, divergent Pit 3, convergent Pit 4), elevation and burn severity (co-varying in 2011 Burned ZOB: low Pit 1 and 2, mid Pit 3, high Pit 4 to 6). Three new pedons were instrumented in the Unburned Mixed Conifer Site located in the San Antonio Mountain close to the Sulfur Spring in Fall 2015. These pedons are positioned 20 m from the flux tower US-Vcs. All samplers are collocated with Decagon soil moisture and temperature probes. MC-ZOB was subject to a high intensity wildfire (Thompson Ridge fire) in June 2013 and was then renamed to 2013 Burned ZOB.
description: Perdrial, J.N., Perdrial, N., Harpold, A., Gao, X., LaSharr, K.M., Chorover, J. (2012) Impacts of sampling dissolved organic matter with passive capillary wicks versus aqueous soil extraction. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76: 2019-2030. McIntosh, J.C., Schaumberg, C., Perdrial, J., Harpold, A., Vázquez-Ortega, A., Rasmussen, C., Vinson, D., Zapata-Rios, X., Brooks, P.D., Meixner, T., Pelletier, J., Derry, L., Chorover, J. (2017) Geochemical evolution of the Critical Zone across variable time scales informs concentration-discharge relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory. Water Resources Research, 53(5): 4169–4196. Olshansky, Y., White, A.M., Moravec, B.G., McIntosh, J., Chorover, J. (2018) Subsurface Pore Water Contributions to Stream Concentration-Discharge Relations Across a Snowmelt Hydrograph. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6: 181.