cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wdbrv15kv
title: Inter-annual repeatability and age-dependent changes in plasma testosterone levels in a longitudinally monitored free-living passerine bird

description: While seasonal trends in testosterone levels are known from cross-cohort
 studies, data on testosterone inter-annual individual repeatability in
 wild birds are rare. Also, our understanding of hormonal age-dependent
 changes in testosterone levels is limited. We assessed plasma testosterone
 levels in 105 samples originating from 49 repeatedly captured free-living
 great tits (Parus major) sampled during the nesting to investigate their
 relative long-term repeatability and within-individual changes.
 Furthermore, we examined the inter-annual repeatability of
 condition-related traits (carotenoid- and melanin-based plumage
 ornamentation, ptilochronological feather growth rate, body mass, and
 haematological heterophil/lymphocyte ratio) and their relationships to
 testosterone levels. We show that testosterone levels are inter-annually
 repeatable in females, with a non-significant pattern in males, both in
 absolute values and individual ranks (indicating the maintenance of
 relative status in a population). In males, we found a quadratic
 dependence of testosterone levels on age, with a peak in midlife. In
 contrast, female testosterone levels showed no age-dependent trends. The
 inter-annual repeatability of condition-related traits ranged from zero to
 moderate and was mostly unrelated to plasma testosterone concentrations.
 However, males with elevated testosterone had significantly higher
 carotenoid-pigmented yellow plumage brightness, a trait presumably
 involved in mating. Showing inter-annual repeatability in testosterone
 levels, this research opens the way to further understanding the causes of
 variation in condition-related traits. Based on a longitudinal dataset,
 this study demonstrates that male plasma testosterone undergoes
 age-related changes that may regulate resource allocation. Our results
 thus suggest that, unlike females, male birds undergo hormonal senescence
 similar to mammals.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqd5
title: The impact of transition metal cations and absorbed water on color transformation of turquoise

description: Thirty-five gem-quality turquoise samples with continuous hue were
 investigated using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence
 spectroscopy (EDXRF),
 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared
 spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron
 microscopy (SEM). The chemical and spectra analyses
 indicate that Fe3+ primarily controls green hue
 of turquoise, where the absorption band performs bathochromic
 shift from 426 nm to 428 nm with increasing V content in
 the solid-solution series turquoise-chalcosiderite. Zn2+ suppress
 blue and V3+ and Cr3+ enhance the absorption on
 blue, green and red light, the combination of which
 results in vivid greenish yellow of
 faustite. The substitution of Al by trivalent
 cations (primarily Fe3+ and V3+) can enhance polarity of
 the phosphate group (PO4)3-, resulting in the absorption strength of
 Cu-rich turquoise lower than that of chalcosiderite and faustite.
 The ROH (R781/R833) derived from absorption double peaks at 781
 cm-1 and 833 cm-1 can distinguish faustite from
 turquoise and chalcosiderite with value &gt; 1,
 while the rare faustite with high V content only shows
 single absorption peak at 798 cm-1. Increasing
 absorbed water can decrease lightness of all color turquoise and enhance
 chroma for blue turquoise based on the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color
 system, which causes obvious color difference for loose
 turquoise, primarily darkening lightness.
description: The dataset was collected in the Lab of Gemological Research in
 school of Gemmology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing. It has been
 processed by box chart analysis, regression analysis, clustering analysis,
 discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jh9w0vt8h
title: Rcodes and additional results from identifying trait-associated diversification with fossil phylogenies

description: There is solid theoretical reasoning but few statistical approaches
 available to test the hypothesis that phenotypic traits and phenotypic
 evolutionary rates could be associated to rates of taxonomic
 diversification. A positive relationship between phenotypic and taxonomic
 evolution is expected to occur during adaptive radiations, or when the
 acquisition of key innovations allows rapid expansion into new adaptive
 zones. Such patterns of trait-associated diversification are intensely
 studied under both neontological and paleontological approaches. However,
 albeit the inclusion of fossil information is welcome, paleontological
 studies often lack the phylogenetic dimension, which makes the results
 potentially depending on untested phylogenetic effects. We devised and
 applied a novel method seeking to find instances of trait-associated
 diversification, which is specifically meant to make full use of fossil
 phenotypes and phylogenies. We performed extensive simulations to test the
 power of the method and to assess the incidence of false positives (Type I
 error) and applied the method to test the hypotheses that body size
 relates to taxonomic diversification in mammals and dinosaurs. We
 demonstrated that the new method is powerful, accurate and produces low
 Type I error. Consistently with previous reports, we found statistical
 evidence that hadrosaurid dinosaurs experienced a significant positive
 shift in diversification rates, coupled to low rates of morphological
 evolution. In mammals, body size is linked to taxonomic diversification by
 a weak negative relationship.
description: R codes, and additional results
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m3ub6h
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 442 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Bikinia letestui",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 442 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002437-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8ca9p6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 15 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "CatalogNumber" : [
 "is one of (K-M000036354, K-M000122116, K-M000195442, K-M000195451, K-M000235255, K-M000769745, K-M000769747, K-M000769754, K-M000771102, K-M000771479, K-M000818403, K-M000951854, K-M000951855, K-M000974224, K-M001435724)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 15 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002438-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.37pvmcvh0
title: Seasonal rainfall in subtropical montane cloud forests drives demographic fluctuations in a Green-backed Tit population

description: Montane birds are vulnerable to climate change. However, the mechanisms by
 which weather drives demographic processes in montane birds have seldom
 been investigated. We conducted a long-term study (2009–2019) on the
 Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus), an insectivorous passerine, in the
 montane cloud forest of subtropical Taiwan. We explored the effects of
 weather variability on the productivity and survival of adult Green-backed
 Tits. Nest survival was negatively associated with seasonal rainfall
 during the breeding season (April–July) and was lower in early clutches
 than in late clutches. Higher typhoon-induced precipitation during the
 postbreeding period (July–September) was related to reduced adult
 survival, but neither summer temperature nor winter weather conditions
 were found to be related to adult bird survival. We developed a stochastic
 simulation model for Green-backed Tit population dynamics based on
 empirical data. We compared the simulated time-series and observed
 population growth rates (λ) and found that 80% (8/10 yr) of the observed λ
 fell within the 5th and 95th percentiles of the simulated data over the
 10-yr period. Moreover, the simulated average (± standard deviation) of
 the geometric mean of λ over 10 yr (1.05 ± 0.07) was close to that
 observed from 2009–2019 (0.99), which provided confidence that the model
 effectively simulated the population growth rate of the Green-backed Tit.
 We conducted a sensitivity analysis for λ, and found that juvenile and
 adult survival influenced by typhoon-induced rainfall were the greatest
 contributors to the variance in the growth rate of the Green-backed Tit
 population. With the onset of intensified seasonal precipitation
 associated with global warming, the population growth and density of
 Green-backed Tits will decline substantially. Our results suggest that
 under scenarios of high emissions of greenhouse gas, this local population
 of Green-backed Tits will not persist in the near future.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b8gtht9c
title: Development of limb bone laminarity in the homing pigeon (Columba livia)

description: Background. Birds show adaptations in limb bone shape that are associated
 with resisting locomotor loads. Whether comparable adaptations occur in
 the microstructure of avian cortical bone is less clear. One proposed
 microstructural adaptation is laminar bone in which the proportion of
 circumferentially-oriented vascular canals (i.e., laminarity) is large.
 Previous work on adult birds shows elevated laminarity in specific limb
 elements of some taxa, presumably to resist torsion-induced shear strain
 during locomotion. However, more recent analyses using improved
 measurements in adult birds and bats reveal lower laminarity than expected
 in bones associated with torsional loading. Even so, there may still be
 support for the resistance hypothesis if laminarity increases with growth
 and locomotor maturation. Methods. Here, we tested that hypothesis using a
 growth series of 17 homing pigeons (15–563 g). Torsional rigidity and
 laminarity of limb bones were measured from histological sections sampled
 from midshaft. Ontogenetic trends in laminarity were assessed using
 principal component analysis to reduce dimensionality followed by beta
 regression with a logit link function. Results. We found that torsional
 rigidity of limb bones increases disproportionately with growth,
 consistent with rapid structural compensation associated with locomotor
 maturation. However, laminarity decreases with maturity, weakening the
 hypothesis that high laminarity is a flight adaptation at least in the
 pigeon. Instead, the histological results suggest that low laminarity,
 specifically the relative proportion of longitudinal canals aligned with
 peak principal strains, may better reflect the loading history of a bone.
description: Limb bones from a growth series of 17 homing pigeons were
 dissected, and transverse undecalcified sections were prepared from the
 midshaft following the methods of Lee and Simons (2015).  Sections were
 surface stained with toluidine blue and imaged with a motorized
 microscope.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7h8s
title: Nutrient resorption of Kandelia obovata in response to nutrient enrichment

description: The impact of nutrient increase on nutrient resorption from senescent
 leaves is an important topic, which is not completely understood. Mangrove
 species are characterized by nutrient conservation mechanisms as a
 consequence of adaptation to nutrient-poor environments. The understanding
 of the response of the traits related to nutrient conservation strategies
 to nutrient availability is limited. This study aims to address whether
 nutrient resorption of mangrove species is responsive to long-term
 nutrient enrichment. Methods A field-based study was carried out in a
 Kandelia obovata dominated mangrove stand where a nutrient gradient was
 generated by the long-term discharge of aquaculture wastewater. Seasonal
 variations of nutrient resorption and nutrient availability were assessed.
 Important findings The data from summer and winter showed the same
 results: 1) resorption proficiency or the nutrient concentrations (N and
 P) in senescent leaves did not varied with nutrient increases except the
 plot that the N availability was extremely high; 2) the resorption
 efficiency of both N and P was positively correlated with nutrient
 availability, and N resorption efficiency was also positively correlated
 to leaf N: P ratio; 3) N resorption was complete while the resorption of P
 was incomplete. These results indicate that resorption proficiency of K.
 obovata is less sensitive than resorption efficiency to nutrient
 availability, and the positive response of N resorption efficiency is
 related to the imbalance of nutrient availability, while the positive
 response of P resorption efficiency is unrelated to plant nutrient status.
 We suggest that caution should be taken in using the resorption efficiency
 of mangrove species to predict plant nutrient status.
description: We selected a mangrove stand (24°26' N; 117°54' E)
 between two creeks, where <i>Kandelia obovata</i> (a common
 mangrove species in China) is the predominant species. These creeks have
 been received the effluents from aquaculture ponds for nearly ten
 years. We collected the leaves and sediment cores (top 10 cm) in January
 (winter) and in August (summer) across six plots between two creeks (Creek
 I to the north side and Creek II to the south, the distance between these
 two creeks was ~500 m; Fig S1). For each plot, it is around 9
 m<sup>2</sup> (3×3 m) and the distance between plots was ~ 80
 m. Ten to 20 leaves (mature or senescent) were sampled from each of the
 three trees in each plot. The leaves collected from the same tree were
 mixed representing for one sample, thereby three samples were obtained for
 each plot. The senescent leaves were obtained by shaking the branches
 lightly and selected the healthy yellow leaves just dropped off (Lin
 & Wang, 2001). The sediment samples collected at four directions
 for each tree in each plot and mixed into one sample, then three sediment
 samples obtained in each plot.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1zcrjdfq0
title: The utilization of micro-mesoporous carbon-based filler in the P84 hollow fiber membrane for gas separation

description: This research carried out a unique micro-mesoporous carbon particle
 incorporation into P84 co-polyimide membrane for improved gas separation
 performance. The carbon filler was prepared using a hard template method
 from zeolite and called as zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). This research
 aims to study the loading amount of ZTC into P84 co-polyimide toward the
 gas separation performance. The ZTC was prepared using simple impregnation
 method of sucrose into hard template of zeolite Y. The SEM result showing
 a dispersed ZTC particle on the membrane surface and cross-section. The
 pore size distribution of ZTC revealed that the particle consists of two
 characteristics of micro and mesoporous region. It was noted that with
 only 0.5 wt% of ZTC addition, the permeability was boosted up from 4.68 to
 7.06 and from 8.95 to 13.15 Barrer, for CO2 and H2 respectively as
 compared to the neat membrane. On the other hand, the optimum loading was
 at 1 wt%, where the membrane received thermal stability boost of 10% along
 with the 62.4 and 35% of selectivity boost of CO2/CH4 and H2/CH4,
 respectively. It was noticed that the position of the filler on the
 membrane surface was significantly affecting the gas transport mechanism
 of the membrane. Overall, te results demonstrated that the addition of ZTC
 with proper filler position has potential candidate to be applicable in
 the gas separation involving CO2 and H2.
description: The data set for Robeson curve 1991 was cited from doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(91)80060-J, while
 the dataset Upperbound 2008 curve was cited from doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.030. While
 the other data set were obtained from citing various literature.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gtps
title: Data from: Reproductive interference hampers species coexistence despite conspecific sperm precedence

description: Negative interspecific mating interactions, known as reproductive
 interference, can hamper species coexistence in a local patch and promote
 niche partitioning or geographical segregation of closely related species.
 Conspecific sperm precedence (CSP), which occurs when females that have
 mated with both conspecific and heterospecific males preferentially use
 conspecific sperm for fertilization, might contribute to species
 coexistence by mitigating the costs of interspecific mating and
 hybridization. We discussed whether two species exhibiting CSP can coexist
 in a local environment in the presence of reproductive interference.
 First, using a behaviourally explicit mathematical model, we demonstrated
 that two species characterized by negative mating interactions are
 unlikely to coexist because the costs of reproductive interference, such
 as loss of mating opportunity with conspecific partners, are inevitably
 incurred when individuals of both species are present. Second, we
 experimentally examined differences in mating activity and preference in
 two Harmonia ladybird species known to exhibit CSP.
 According to the developed mathematical model of reproductive
 interference, these behavioural differences should lead to local
 extinction of H. yedoensis because of reproductive
 interference by H. axyridis. This prediction is consistent with
 field observations that H. axyridis uses various food
 sources and habitats whereas H. yedoensis is confined to
 a less preferred prey item and a pine tree habitat. Finally, by a
 comparative approach, we showed that niche partitioning or parapatric
 distribution, but not sympatric coexistence in the same habitat, is
 maintained between species with CSP belonging to a wide range of taxa,
 including vertebrates and invertebrates living in aquatic or terrestrial
 environments. Taken together, we suggest that reproductive interference
 can destabilize local coexistence even in closely related species that
 exhibit CSP.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zw3r22867
title: Environmental filtering and spatial processes shape the beta diversity of liana communities in a valley savanna in Southwest China

description: Questions: Lianas contribute substantially to diversity and
 function of ecosystems. What is the relative importance of
 environmental filtering and spatial processes on structuring liana beta
 diversity at taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic levels? Is there any
 synergy between these drivers (environmental factors and spatial distance)
 on shaping three dimensions of beta diversity in a savanna liana
 community? Location: A dry-hot valley savanna in Yunnan Province,
 southwest China. Methods: We established 30 20×20 m plots in the savanna
 to collect data on the distribution of 22 liana species, 19
 functional traits, and plot-level soil nutrients, elevation, and
 slope. The relative contributions of these environmental factors
 and spatial distance to liana taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic
 dissimilarity were analyzed using multiple regression on distance
 matrices. We also tested which environmental
 factors influence the beta diversity of liana community using
 permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Both
 environmental and spatial distances were significantly correlated with
 taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dissimilarity. Spatial
 distance explained more variation in taxonomic beta
 diversity than environmental factors. But for both nearest
 neighbor functional and phylogenetic distance Dnn', environment
 explained a relatively higher variation than space did. Moreover, the
 proportion explained by environmental variables was ranked in decreasing
 order as follows: functional Dnn', phylogenetic
 Dnn', and taxonomic beta diversity. We found soil pH had the
 highest contribution to taxonomic and functional beta diversity, while
 soil total nitrogen contributed most to phylogenetic beta
 diversity. Conclusions: This study revealed that liana taxonomic,
 functional and phylogenetic beta diversity in the study hot-dry
 savanna ecosystem are affected and maintained by
 both environmental filtering and spatial
 processes. Moreover, the functional and phylogenetic diversities
 were more strongly subject to environmental filtering. Our study provides
 the information on mechanisms underlying liana diversity maintenance in
 savanna, which are necessary to inform conservation management in this
 vulnerable ecosystem.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0p73
title: Effects of plant functional group removal on CO2 fluxes and belowground C stocks across contrasting ecosystems

description: Changes in plant communities can have large effects on ecosystem carbon
 (C) dynamics and long-term C stocks. However, how these effects are
 mediated by environmental context or vary among ecosystems is not well
 understood. To study this, we used a long-term plant removal experiment
 set up across 30 forested lake islands in northern Sweden which
 collectively represent a strong gradient of soil fertility and ecosystem
 productivity. We measured forest floor CO2 exchange and aboveground and
 belowground C stocks for a 22-year experiment involving factorial removal
 of the two dominant functional groups of the boreal forest understory,
 namely ericaceous dwarf shrubs and feather mosses, on each of the 30
 islands. We found that long-term shrub and moss removal increased forest
 floor net CO2 loss and decreased belowground C stocks consistently across
 the islands irrespective of their productivity or soil fertility. However,
 we did see context-dependent responses of respiration to shrub removals
 because removals only increased respiration on islands of intermediate
 productivity. Both CO2 exchange and C stocks responded more strongly to
 shrub removal than to moss removal. Shrub removal reduced gross primary
 productivity of the forest floor consistently across the island gradient,
 but it had no effect on respiration, which suggests that loss of
 belowground C caused by the removals was driven by reduced litter inputs.
 Across the island gradient, shrub removal consistently depleted C stocks
 in the soil organic horizon by 0.8 kg C m-2. Our results show that the
 effect of plant functional group diversity on C dynamics can be relatively
 consistent across contrasting ecosystems that vary greatly in productivity
 and soil fertility. These findings underline the key role of understory
 vegetation in forest C cycling, and suggest that global change leading to
 changes in the relative abundance of both shrubs and mosses could impact
 on the capacity of boreal forests to store C.
DOI: 10.18739/a2m32nc5r
title: Idealized Greenland Ice Sheet Deglaciation Experiments (2025)

description: Idealized experiments for the deglaciation of the Ice Sheet in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) in response to a variety of warming scenarios. Understanding how much the Greenland ice sheet melted in response to past warmth helps better predicting future sea-level change. Increasingly, observations from beneath the ice-sheet are being used to identify times in the past when the ice-sheet was smaller than it was today, but we have lacked a framework for scaling up observations from a single location to say something meaningful about the volume and geometry of the ice sheet. Here we present an ensemble of ice-sheet model simulations to provide constraints on how much mass the ice sheet loses before different areas become ice-free. As observations from subglacial archives become more abundant, this framework can guide subglacial sampling efforts to gain the most robust information about past ice-sheet geometries.