DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8369364
title: Asynchronous life cycles contribute to reproductive isolation between two Alpine butterflies

description: Data from: Asynchronous life cycles contribute to reproductive isolation between two Alpine butterflies <strong>Abstract</strong> Geographic isolation often leads to the emergence of distinct genetic lineages that are at least partially reproductively isolated. Zones of secondary contact between such lineages are natural experiments that allow investigating how reproductive isolation evolves and co-existence is maintained. While temporal isolation through allochrony has been suggested to promote reproductive isolation in sympatry, its potential for isolation upon secondary contact is far less understood. Sampling two contact zones of a pair of mainly allopatric Alpine butterflies over several years and taking advantage of museum samples, we show that the contact zones have remained geographically stable over several decades. Furthermore, they seem to be maintained by the asynchronous life cycles of the two butterflies, with one reaching adulthood primarily in even and the other primarily in odd years. Genomic inferences document that allochrony is leaky and that gene flow from allopatric sites scales with the degree of geographic isolation. Overall, we show that allochrony has the potential to contribute to the maintenance of secondary contact zones of lineages that diverged in allopatry. Morphology contains the following files: wing_morpho.R<br> R scripts for data transformation of wing shape genital_morpho.R<br> R scripts for data transformation of genital morphology <br> Models_used.R:<br> R scripts used to produce the statistical analyses. genital_morpho_master_with_pca.txt<br> Phenotypic data for genital morphology wing_contemporary_morpho_master_with_pca.txt<br> Phenotypic data for contemporary wing patterns wing_historic_morpho_master_with_pca.txt<br> Phenotypic data for wing patterns from museum samples The text files contains the following information: ID = Individual ID<br> genotyped_allopatric = was the individual genotyped<br> latitude<br> longitude<br> DATE = Date of collection<br> DAY = Day of collection<br> MONTH = Month of collection<br> YEAR = Year of collection<br> SPOT = Collection site<br> boxplotID = ID to reproduce boxplot order as used in the paper<br> colory = color code to plot<br> cycle = year cycle (2018/19 or 2020/21)<br> yeartype = even or odd year<br> genital_x_LM1 = linear measure of genital landmark 1 along the x axis<br> genital_y_LM1 = linear measure of genital landmark 1 along the y axis<br> genital_x_LM2 = linear measure of genital landmark 2 along the x axis <br> genital_y_LM2 = linear measure of genital landmark 2 along the y axis <br> genital_x_LM3 = linear measure of genital landmark 3 along the x axis <br> genital_y_LM3 = linear measure of genital landmark 3 along the y axis <br> genital_x_LM4 = linear measure of genital landmark 4 along the x axis <br> genital_y_LM4 = linear measure of genital landmark 4 along the y axis <br> genital_x_LM5 = linear measure of genital landmark 5 along the x axis <br> genital_y_LM5 = linear measure of genital landmark 5 along the y axis <br> v_t1 = length relationship between v and t1<br> v_t2 = length relationship between v and t2 <br> v_t3 = length relationship between v and t3 <br> t3_t1 = length relationship between t3_t1 <br> t3_t2 = length relationship between t3_t2 <br> t2_t1 = length relationship between t2_t1 <br> v_tg = length relationship between v and tg <br> PC1.x = PC1 axis for unprojected morphospace<br> PC2.x = PC2 axis for unprojected morphospace <br> PC3.x = PC3 axis for unprojected morphospace <br> PC4.x = PC4 axis for unprojected morphospace <br> PC5.x = PC5 axis for unprojected morphospace <br> PC6.x = PC6 axis for unprojected morphospace <br> PC7.x = PC7 axis for unprojected morphospace <br> PC1.y = PC1 axis for projected morphospace <br> PC2.y = PC2 axis for projected morphospace <br> PC3.y = PC3 axis for projected morphospace <br> PC4.y = PC4 axis for projected morphospace <br> PC5.y = PC5 axis for projected morphospace <br> PC6.y = PC6 axis for projected morphospace <br> PC7.y = PC7 axis for projected morphospace <br> wing_ProcCoord1 = Procrustes coordinate 1<br> wing_ProcCoord2 = Procrustes coordinate 2<br> wing_ProcCoord3 = Procrustes coordinate 3<br> wing_ProcCoord4 = Procrustes coordinate 4<br> wing_ProcCoord5 = Procrustes coordinate 5<br> wing_ProcCoord6 = Procrustes coordinate 6<br> wing_ProcCoord7 = Procrustes coordinate 7<br> wing_ProcCoord8 = Procrustes coordinate 8<br> wing_ProcCoord9 = Procrustes coordinate 9<br> wing_ProcCoord10 = Procrustes coordinate 10<br> wing_ProcCoord11 = Procrustes coordinate 11<br> wing_ProcCoord12 = Procrustes coordinate 12<br> wing_ProcCoord13 = Procrustes coordinate 13<br> wing_ProcCoord14 = Procrustes coordinate 14<br> wing_ProcCoord15 = Procrustes coordinate 15<br> wing_ProcCoord16 = Procrustes coordinate 16<br> wing_ProcCoord17 = Procrustes coordinate 17<br> wing_ProcCoord18 = Procrustes coordinate 18<br> wing_ProcCoord19 = Procrustes coordinate 19<br> wing_ProcCoord20 = Procrustes coordinate 20<br> wing_ProcCoord21 = Procrustes coordinate 21<br> wing_ProcCoord22 = Procrustes coordinate 22<br> wing_ProcCoord23 = Procrustes coordinate 23<br> wing_ProcCoord24 = Procrustes coordinate 24<br> wing_ProcCoord25 = Procrustes coordinate 25<br> wing_ProcCoord26 = Procrustes coordinate 26<br> wing_ProcCoord27 = Procrustes coordinate 27<br> wing_ProcCoord28 = Procrustes coordinate 28<br> wing_ProcCoord29 = Procrustes coordinate 29<br> wing_ProcCoord30 = Procrustes coordinate 30<br> wing_ProcCoord31 = Procrustes coordinate 31<br> wing_ProcCoord32 = Procrustes coordinate 32<br> wing_ProcCoord33 = Procrustes coordinate 33<br> wing_ProcCoord34 = Procrustes coordinate 34<br> wing_ProcCoord35 = Procrustes coordinate 35<br> wing_ProcCoord36 = Procrustes coordinate 36<br> wing_ProcCoord37 = Procrustes coordinate 37<br> wing_ProcCoord38 = Procrustes coordinate 38<br> wing_ProcCoord39 = Procrustes coordinate 39<br> wing_ProcCoord40 = Procrustes coordinate 40<br> wing_ProcCoord41 = Procrustes coordinate 41<br> wing_ProcCoord42 = Procrustes coordinate 42<br> wing_ProcCoord43 = Procrustes coordinate 43<br> wing_ProcCoord44 = Procrustes coordinate 44<br> wing_ProcCoord45 = Procrustes coordinate 45<br> wing_ProcCoord46 = Procrustes coordinate 46<br> wing_ProcCoord47 = Procrustes coordinate 47<br> wing_ProcCoord48 = Procrustes coordinate 48<br> wing_ProcCoord49 = Procrustes coordinate 49<br> wing_ProcCoord50 = Procrustes coordinate 50<br> wing_ProcCoord51 = Procrustes coordinate 51<br> wing_ProcCoord52 = Procrustes coordinate 52<br> wing_ProcCoord53 = Procrustes coordinate 53<br> wing_ProcCoord54 = Procrustes coordinate 54<br> PC1.x = PC1 unprojected<br> PC2.x = PC2 unprojected<br> PC3.x = PC3 unprojected<br> PC4.x = PC4 unprojected<br> PC5.x = PC5 unprojected<br> PC6.x = PC6 unprojected<br> PC7.x = PC7 unprojected<br> PC8.x = PC8 unprojected<br> PC9.x = PC9 unprojected<br> PC10.x = PC10 unprojected<br> PC11.x = PC11 unprojected<br> PC12.x = PC12 unprojected<br> PC13.x = PC13 unprojected<br> PC14.x = PC14 unprojected<br> PC15.x = PC15 unprojected<br> PC16.x = PC16 unprojected<br> PC17.x = PC17 unprojected<br> PC18.x = PC18 unprojected<br> PC19.x = PC19 unprojected<br> PC20.x = PC20 unprojected<br> PC21.x = PC21 unprojected<br> PC22.x = PC22 unprojected<br> PC23.x = PC23 unprojected<br> PC24.x = PC24 unprojected<br> PC25.x = PC25 unprojected<br> PC26.x = PC26 unprojected<br> PC27.x = PC27 unprojected<br> PC28.x = PC28 unprojected<br> PC29.x = PC29 unprojected<br> PC30.x = PC30 unprojected<br> PC31.x = PC31 unprojected<br> PC32.x = PC32 unprojected<br> PC33.x = PC33 unprojected<br> PC34.x = PC34 unprojected<br> PC35.x = PC35 unprojected<br> PC36 = PC36 unprojected<br> PC37 = PC37 unprojected<br> PC38 = PC38 unprojected<br> PC39 = PC39 unprojected<br> PC40 = PC40 unprojected<br> PC41 = PC41 unprojected<br> PC42 = PC42 unprojected<br> PC43 = PC43 unprojected<br> PC44 = PC44 unprojected<br> PC45 = PC45 unprojected<br> PC46 = PC46 unprojected<br> PC47 = PC47 unprojected<br> PC48 = PC48 unprojected<br> PC49 = PC49 unprojected<br> PC50 = PC50 unprojected<br> PC51 = PC51 unprojected<br> PC52 = PC52 unprojected<br> PC53 = PC53 unprojected<br> PC54 = PC54 unprojected<br> PC1.y = PC1 projected<br> PC2.y = PC2 projected<br> PC3.y = PC3 projected<br> PC4.y = PC4 projected<br> PC5.y = PC5 projected<br> PC6.y = PC6 projected<br> PC7.y = PC7 projected<br> PC8.y = PC8 projected<br> PC9.y = PC9 projected<br> PC10.y = PC10 projected<br> PC11.y = PC11 projected<br> PC12.y = PC12 projected<br> PC13.y = PC13 projected<br> PC14.y = PC14 projected<br> PC15.y = PC15 projected<br> PC16.y = PC16 projected<br> PC17.y = PC17 projected<br> PC18.y = PC18 projected<br> PC19.y = PC19 projected<br> PC20.y = PC20 projected<br> PC21.y = PC21 projected<br> PC22.y = PC22 projected<br> PC23.y = PC23 projected<br> PC24.y = PC24 projected<br> PC25.y = PC25 projected<br> PC26.y = PC26 projected<br> PC27.y = PC27 projected<br> PC28.y = PC28 projected<br> PC29.y = PC29 projected<br> PC30.y = PC30 projected<br> PC31.y = PC31 projected<br> PC32.y = PC32 projected<br> PC33.y = PC33 projected<br> PC34.y = PC34 projected<br> PC35.y = PC35 projected Genomics contains the following files (Genomic data is available from NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1019795): all_euryale_calls.vcf.gz<br> The unfiltered VCF file euryale_V2.sh<br> Shell script for the genomic data analysis introgress.R<br> R script for running Introgress introgress_all_east2.txt<br> Output of Introgress for the Eastern contact zone introgress_all_west2.txt<br> Output of Introgress for the Western contact zone Admixture_output.txt<br> Output of Admixture assuming either 2 or 3 genomic clusters (K) with the respective population and ID Outliers2BombyxMori.txt<br> BLAST summary of outlier regions against Bombyx Mori Outliers2ManjolaJurtina.txt<br> BLAST summary of outlier regions against Manjola jurtina Outliers2ParargeAegeria.txt<br> BLAST summary of outlier regions against Pararge aegeria