cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9900014.v1
title: SPATIO-TEMPORAL MAPPING OF THE INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES Pinus SP IN THE NORTHERN AREA OF THE LAGOA DO PEIXE NATIONAL PARK-RS

description: ABSTRACT A problem of global dimensions, the occupation of areas by invasive alien species is studied in this paper focusing on the increasing presence of Pinus sp in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park, at Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. From satellite imagery and the use of remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, this paper presents a space-time mapping of the presence of this invasive alien species in the northern area of the Park, from 1985 to the 2017. Planted and disseminated areas of Pinus were mapped through visual analysis and pixel classification by the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method, using images from the Landsat and Rapid Eye satellites. The results showed a constant growth rate in the areas of Pinus, with acceleration at the end of the analyzed period, confirming the invasive capacity of Pinus sp and the dispersion of their seeds by the wind. The excellent performance of the SAM algorithm in the identification of Pinus areas was demonstrated, as well as the importance of the use of satellite images in the analysis of the question.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899999
title: The changing face of environmental governance in the Brazilian Amazon: indigenous and traditional peoples promoting norm diffusion

description: Abstract Transnational networks of non-state actors are using ILO Convention No. 169 as a powerful instrument of environmental governance. The treaty promotes the norm of Free, Prior and Informed Consultation (FPIC), empowering local communities to influence infrastructure projects that impact their livelihoods and natural resources. However, there is a disconnect between the Brazilian government’s discourse and the effective implementation of this norm. Using document analysis and process tracing, this article investigates this rhetoric-practice gap. It argues that these transnational networks are diffusing the FPIC norm through Consultation Protocols, slowly bridging the gap.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9900002
title: Concrete block structural masonry beam shear design: theoretical and experimental analysis and recommendations to the brazilian standards

description: Abstract Beams are subject a flexure and shear, with the last as the theme of this research. The purpose of this paper is to analyze specifications for the shear design of concrete block structural masonry beams, based on an extensive literature review and experimental tests here reported. From this scope, specifications for revision of Brazilian standardization are suggested. In the theoretical part, literature review from both national and international researchers were considered and the specifications of Brazilian standards, in addition to North American, Australian, Canadian and European, ABNT NBR 15961-1/2011, ABNT NBR 6118/2014TMS 402/2016, AS3700/2001, CSA S304/2014 and EuroCode6.1/2001, respectively. To analyze and validate the specifications of the literature, an experimental program was carried out assessing ten concrete block masonry beams results tested mainly to shear loads. Two-course high beams with three vertical load positions (position a/d) and two transverse reinforcement rates were tested. The specifications from the Brazilian and European standards led to considerably higher results than the experimental results, while those presented in the standards TMS 402/2016, AS3700/2001, CSA S304/2014 and NBR6118/2014 lead to results close to those obtained experimentally. As a conclusion, it can be noted that the rupture pattern is similar to that expected for reinforced concrete beams, the cracks were conditioned by the position of the loading point and by the mortar joints positions, the increase in the transverse reinforcement ratio led to an increase in the shear force. Results indicate that the consideration of apparent increase in shear strength by the ratio M ⁄ (V∙d) is not consistent. Eliminating this recommendation, considering the masonry shear strength equal to 0.35 MPa, limiting the stirrups tension to 0.90 of fyk and considering the contribution of the longitudinal reinforcement, it was possible to estimate the shear value at the rupture of each beam between 73% to 106% of the values verified in the tests.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899996
title: Bulk water charges in the dairy industry: A case study of interstate basins in Minas Gerais, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Water is an essential input for any agribusiness, used for various purposes such as hygiene procedures, heat exchangers and beverage formulation. Water charging, regulated in Brazil by the National Water Resources Policy (Federal Law 9.433/97), is an important issue for the food industry, since it may change the profile of food production costs. Thus, this article aimed to estimate the price increases in the dairy industry from the use of water charging and evaluate the potential benefit of this collection, comparing it to some planned investments in basins plans. We used a case study of a dairy that produced 1 t/d of mozzarella cheese in the state of Minas Gerais. Results indicated that water charging among the basins with current collection models may vary up to 131%. The increase in price related to water charging was low (0.04-0.09% of production costs), indicating that it can be absorbed by the industry. Conversely, values collected by the basins may be decisive for implementation of several actions aiming an average quantity and quality of water, which is good for the industry, itself. In the current charging collection models in the state of Minas Gerais, it is possible to recognize that collection is a promising initiative for the economical valuation of water. However, charging still seems to lack sufficiency in safety and a rationalization for its use.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9900008.v1
title: DIFFERENT TYPES OF RETURN TO SCALE IN DEA

description: ABSTRACT The format of the efficient frontier is an important measure of technical efficiency; additionally, it determines the type of return to scale verified by the model. The classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, CCR (Charnes et al., 1978), assumes constant returns to scale; conversely, the BCC (Banker et al., 1984) model presents a concave downward efficient frontier that presumes variable returns to scale. This study examines how different returns to scale can be revealed in DEA, considering the possibility of the existence of a concave upward efficient frontier. This kind of frontier, not yet explored by the DEA literature, can also represent viable production, seeing that an increase of the inputs causes an increase of the outputs. Considering this, a concave upward efficient frontier presents a variable return to scale, but with different characteristics from those of the concave downward BCC efficient frontier. This proposal is important because it considers the possibility of an efficient frontier that represents different samples of decision-making units (DMUs). An upward curve would better represent DMUs of smaller production scales that have increased marginal productivity but cannot act as efficiently as larger scale units.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899996.v1
title: Bulk water charges in the dairy industry: A case study of interstate basins in Minas Gerais, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: Water is an essential input for any agribusiness, used for various purposes such as hygiene procedures, heat exchangers and beverage formulation. Water charging, regulated in Brazil by the National Water Resources Policy (Federal Law 9.433/97), is an important issue for the food industry, since it may change the profile of food production costs. Thus, this article aimed to estimate the price increases in the dairy industry from the use of water charging and evaluate the potential benefit of this collection, comparing it to some planned investments in basins plans. We used a case study of a dairy that produced 1 t/d of mozzarella cheese in the state of Minas Gerais. Results indicated that water charging among the basins with current collection models may vary up to 131%. The increase in price related to water charging was low (0.04-0.09% of production costs), indicating that it can be absorbed by the industry. Conversely, values collected by the basins may be decisive for implementation of several actions aiming an average quantity and quality of water, which is good for the industry, itself. In the current charging collection models in the state of Minas Gerais, it is possible to recognize that collection is a promising initiative for the economical valuation of water. However, charging still seems to lack sufficiency in safety and a rationalization for its use.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899999.v1
title: The changing face of environmental governance in the Brazilian Amazon: indigenous and traditional peoples promoting norm diffusion

description: Abstract Transnational networks of non-state actors are using ILO Convention No. 169 as a powerful instrument of environmental governance. The treaty promotes the norm of Free, Prior and Informed Consultation (FPIC), empowering local communities to influence infrastructure projects that impact their livelihoods and natural resources. However, there is a disconnect between the Brazilian government’s discourse and the effective implementation of this norm. Using document analysis and process tracing, this article investigates this rhetoric-practice gap. It argues that these transnational networks are diffusing the FPIC norm through Consultation Protocols, slowly bridging the gap.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9900002.v1
title: Concrete block structural masonry beam shear design: theoretical and experimental analysis and recommendations to the brazilian standards

description: Abstract Beams are subject a flexure and shear, with the last as the theme of this research. The purpose of this paper is to analyze specifications for the shear design of concrete block structural masonry beams, based on an extensive literature review and experimental tests here reported. From this scope, specifications for revision of Brazilian standardization are suggested. In the theoretical part, literature review from both national and international researchers were considered and the specifications of Brazilian standards, in addition to North American, Australian, Canadian and European, ABNT NBR 15961-1/2011, ABNT NBR 6118/2014TMS 402/2016, AS3700/2001, CSA S304/2014 and EuroCode6.1/2001, respectively. To analyze and validate the specifications of the literature, an experimental program was carried out assessing ten concrete block masonry beams results tested mainly to shear loads. Two-course high beams with three vertical load positions (position a/d) and two transverse reinforcement rates were tested. The specifications from the Brazilian and European standards led to considerably higher results than the experimental results, while those presented in the standards TMS 402/2016, AS3700/2001, CSA S304/2014 and NBR6118/2014 lead to results close to those obtained experimentally. As a conclusion, it can be noted that the rupture pattern is similar to that expected for reinforced concrete beams, the cracks were conditioned by the position of the loading point and by the mortar joints positions, the increase in the transverse reinforcement ratio led to an increase in the shear force. Results indicate that the consideration of apparent increase in shear strength by the ratio M ⁄ (V∙d) is not consistent. Eliminating this recommendation, considering the masonry shear strength equal to 0.35 MPa, limiting the stirrups tension to 0.90 of fyk and considering the contribution of the longitudinal reinforcement, it was possible to estimate the shear value at the rupture of each beam between 73% to 106% of the values verified in the tests.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899981
title: THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF FOREST BIOMASS WASTES PRODUCED DURING COMBUSTION IN A BOILER SYSTEM

description: ABSTRACT It is known that during the biomass combustion in industrial systems the formation of residues containing ashes and residual carbon occurs. The content of the residues varies according to the efficiency and operating parameters of the combustion chambers. The characterization of these residues is an essential tool to identify their potential for energy reuse. The aim of this paper was to analyze the thermal behavior of the biomass and the residues yielded during the combustion process in a boiler system. For this purpose, forest biomass and ash samples have been analyzed in a laboratory and at four collection points of generation and treatment of the combustion residues (readler, hopper, scrubber, and decanter) inside the boiler of a power plant. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTA) have been carried out on all samples. Moreover, the ultimate analysis, the proximate analysis and the gross calorific value of all samples have been determined. Results show that the biomass burning efficiency in the boiler furnace was high, which was proven by the chemical composition and thermal degradation behavior of the residues collected in the readler. The scrubber’s light wastes presented chemical and energy properties (7180 kcal/kg, 75% fixed carbon content, 21% volatile content and 3.72% ash content), and thermal behavior similar to the ones found in the literature for eucalyptus charcoal. However, in order to reuse these combustion residues on reinjection or reheat systems, machine adjustments are essential to achieve burning efficiency and avoid operational problems. The decanter wastes did not show potential for energy reuse.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899993
title: EDGE EFFECT ON CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOIL IN A SEASONAL FOREST

description: ABSTRACT The magnitude of changes in soil attributes can be used to identify the effects of natural or anthropogenic interference on forest fragments. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil as indicators of the edge effect at a Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest fragment in the Southwest of Bahia, Brazil. Four sampling ranges were defined in the forest fragment (Range 1: 0-10m; Range 2: 40-50 m; Range 3: 80-90 m; and Range 4: 400-410 m from the edge). A degraded native pasture area was used as the reference. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The samples were analyzed for pH and organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg and Al. The superficial layer of the soil was sensitive to the changes imposed by the fragmentation, reflecting modifications in some of its chemical attributes up to a distance of 90 m from the edge towards the interior of the fragment, with more severe effects in the first 10 meters. Soil organic matter, potential acidity, CEC and pH were the most affected attributes, evidencing a gradient of variation in the edge-interior direction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899981.v1
title: THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF FOREST BIOMASS WASTES PRODUCED DURING COMBUSTION IN A BOILER SYSTEM

description: ABSTRACT It is known that during the biomass combustion in industrial systems the formation of residues containing ashes and residual carbon occurs. The content of the residues varies according to the efficiency and operating parameters of the combustion chambers. The characterization of these residues is an essential tool to identify their potential for energy reuse. The aim of this paper was to analyze the thermal behavior of the biomass and the residues yielded during the combustion process in a boiler system. For this purpose, forest biomass and ash samples have been analyzed in a laboratory and at four collection points of generation and treatment of the combustion residues (readler, hopper, scrubber, and decanter) inside the boiler of a power plant. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTA) have been carried out on all samples. Moreover, the ultimate analysis, the proximate analysis and the gross calorific value of all samples have been determined. Results show that the biomass burning efficiency in the boiler furnace was high, which was proven by the chemical composition and thermal degradation behavior of the residues collected in the readler. The scrubber’s light wastes presented chemical and energy properties (7180 kcal/kg, 75% fixed carbon content, 21% volatile content and 3.72% ash content), and thermal behavior similar to the ones found in the literature for eucalyptus charcoal. However, in order to reuse these combustion residues on reinjection or reheat systems, machine adjustments are essential to achieve burning efficiency and avoid operational problems. The decanter wastes did not show potential for energy reuse.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899984
title: Movement and longitudinal distribution of a migratory fish ( Salminus brasiliensis) in a small reservoir in southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT We investigated whether the movement and distribution of the migratory fish, Salminus brasiliensis, were affected by a small reservoir. We also examined how movement and distribution were related to water temperature, flow, and rainfall. In December 2011 and January 2012, 24 individuals were captured downstream from the dam, tagged with radio transmitters and released in the reservoir (5.46 km² total area). After being released in the reservoir, 18 of the 24 tagged fish travelled upstream, taking an average of 16.6 days to leave the reservoir, with daily movements varying from &lt; 5 km/day to &gt; 24 km/day. However, only seven tagged specimens (29.16%) returned to the lower reservoir section, while the rest remained in the intermediate and upper reservoir sections. Longitudinal distributions and movements were positively related to both upstream flow into the reservoir and water temperature. We found evidence that S. brasiliensis can recognize the longitudinal gradient and is able to continue its upstream migration. On the other hand, the reservoir negatively affected downstream movements, possibly because disorientation prevented movement to the lower reservoir section. Based on these results, we suggest that the impact of small reservoirs on migratory fish species should be objectively addressed in environmental impact assessments and management programs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899987
title: Changes in ascorbic acid and total phenolics contents associated with browning inhibition of pineapple slices

description: Abstract Pineapple slices were treated with three antioxidants and stored under passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to evaluate the effect of these treatments on tissue browning (percentage of dark area) and the accumulation of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. Pineapple slices were immersed in ascorbic acid (AA), isoascorbic acid (IAA), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) solutions for 2 min, and then were packed and stored at 5 °C under air (AIR) or MAP for 15 days. Water was used as control. The application of IAA and NAC under passive MAP reduced better the tissue browning index and maintained a good quality of the slices. The use of AA and IAA increased the contents of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. The application of IAA followed by storage under MAP conditions was effective in reducing tissue browning, which was associated with a higher retention of ascorbic acid and total phenolics contents of the pineapple slices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899984.v1
title: Movement and longitudinal distribution of a migratory fish ( Salminus brasiliensis) in a small reservoir in southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT We investigated whether the movement and distribution of the migratory fish, Salminus brasiliensis, were affected by a small reservoir. We also examined how movement and distribution were related to water temperature, flow, and rainfall. In December 2011 and January 2012, 24 individuals were captured downstream from the dam, tagged with radio transmitters and released in the reservoir (5.46 km² total area). After being released in the reservoir, 18 of the 24 tagged fish travelled upstream, taking an average of 16.6 days to leave the reservoir, with daily movements varying from &lt; 5 km/day to &gt; 24 km/day. However, only seven tagged specimens (29.16%) returned to the lower reservoir section, while the rest remained in the intermediate and upper reservoir sections. Longitudinal distributions and movements were positively related to both upstream flow into the reservoir and water temperature. We found evidence that S. brasiliensis can recognize the longitudinal gradient and is able to continue its upstream migration. On the other hand, the reservoir negatively affected downstream movements, possibly because disorientation prevented movement to the lower reservoir section. Based on these results, we suggest that the impact of small reservoirs on migratory fish species should be objectively addressed in environmental impact assessments and management programs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899987.v1
title: Changes in ascorbic acid and total phenolics contents associated with browning inhibition of pineapple slices

description: Abstract Pineapple slices were treated with three antioxidants and stored under passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to evaluate the effect of these treatments on tissue browning (percentage of dark area) and the accumulation of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. Pineapple slices were immersed in ascorbic acid (AA), isoascorbic acid (IAA), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) solutions for 2 min, and then were packed and stored at 5 °C under air (AIR) or MAP for 15 days. Water was used as control. The application of IAA and NAC under passive MAP reduced better the tissue browning index and maintained a good quality of the slices. The use of AA and IAA increased the contents of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. The application of IAA followed by storage under MAP conditions was effective in reducing tissue browning, which was associated with a higher retention of ascorbic acid and total phenolics contents of the pineapple slices.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9899972
title: Calpains of Leishmania braziliensis: genome analysis, differential expression, and functional analysis

description: BACKGROUND Calpains are proteins belonging to the multi-gene family of calcium-dependent cysteine peptidases that undergo tight on/off regulation, and uncontrolled proteolysis of calpains is associated with severe human pathologies. Calpain orthologues are expanded and diversified in the trypanosomatids genome. OBJECTIVES Here, we characterised calpains in Leishmania braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. METHODS/FINDINGS In total, 34 predicted calpain-like genes were identified. After domain structure evaluation, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) during in vitro metacyclogenesis revealed (i) five genes with enhanced expression in the procyclic stage, (ii) one augmented gene in the metacyclic stage, and (iii) one procyclic-exclusive transcript. Western blot analysis revealed that an antibody against a consensus-conserved peptide reacted with multiple calpain-like proteins, which is consistent with the multi-gene family characteristic. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry analyses revealed the presence of calpain-like molecules mainly in the cytoplasm, to a lesser extent in the plasma membrane, and negligible levels in the nucleus, which are all consistent with calpain localisation. Eventually, the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 was used for functional studies revealing (i) a leishmaniostatic effect, (ii) a reduction in the association index in mouse macrophages, (iii) ultra-structural alterations conceivable with autophagy, and (iv) an enhanced expression of the virulence factor GP63. CONCLUSION This report adds novel insights into the domain structure, expression, and localisation of L. braziliensis calpain-like molecules.