cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102214
title: The Medical Student’s view about the Unified Health System: the influence of education

description: ABSTRACT From the context of the end of the military regime and the consequent democratization of the country, with the accomplishment of the VIII National Conference of Health and the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS), proposals for changes to medical education begin to emerge in order to adapt it to this new system. Within this process, the formation of the National Interinstitutional Commission for the Evaluation of Medical Education (Cinaem) was highlighted in 1991, with the proposal to carry out a self-assessment of medical education at that time in different phases, which culminated in 2001, with the elaboration of the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) for the medical education. Understanding that the medical education proposed by the DCN aims to train professionals with a generalist, humanist, critical and reflective profile, which contemplate the current health system, and whose formation must take place through the link with the social needs of health, with emphasis on SUS, this work aimed to identify, through a qualitative analysis, the influence exerted by the medical education in a teaching institution on the perceptions of its students and excipients about the Unified Health System. Data were collected from focus groups, carried out with students from the third to the twelfth medical period, following a flexible guiding script. The cross-sectional and horizontal reading of data based on Donabedian’s 24 “Structure, Process and Results” methodology allowed the identification of central themes present in the narratives, on which the discussion was built. Among them, the following themes were highlighted: faculty, theoretical and practical adequacy and public health. Finally, the students’ vision about the SUS system, their intentions of utilization and professional insertion in it, and some evidence of a hidden curriculum were understood. The study brought to the conclusion that medical training has a strong influence on these factors. Most of the students do not have the interest of working in the SUS nor of its use, motivated by practical experiences, by the discourse and example of the teachers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102214.v1
title: The Medical Student’s view about the Unified Health System: the influence of education

description: ABSTRACT From the context of the end of the military regime and the consequent democratization of the country, with the accomplishment of the VIII National Conference of Health and the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS), proposals for changes to medical education begin to emerge in order to adapt it to this new system. Within this process, the formation of the National Interinstitutional Commission for the Evaluation of Medical Education (Cinaem) was highlighted in 1991, with the proposal to carry out a self-assessment of medical education at that time in different phases, which culminated in 2001, with the elaboration of the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) for the medical education. Understanding that the medical education proposed by the DCN aims to train professionals with a generalist, humanist, critical and reflective profile, which contemplate the current health system, and whose formation must take place through the link with the social needs of health, with emphasis on SUS, this work aimed to identify, through a qualitative analysis, the influence exerted by the medical education in a teaching institution on the perceptions of its students and excipients about the Unified Health System. Data were collected from focus groups, carried out with students from the third to the twelfth medical period, following a flexible guiding script. The cross-sectional and horizontal reading of data based on Donabedian’s 24 “Structure, Process and Results” methodology allowed the identification of central themes present in the narratives, on which the discussion was built. Among them, the following themes were highlighted: faculty, theoretical and practical adequacy and public health. Finally, the students’ vision about the SUS system, their intentions of utilization and professional insertion in it, and some evidence of a hidden curriculum were understood. The study brought to the conclusion that medical training has a strong influence on these factors. Most of the students do not have the interest of working in the SUS nor of its use, motivated by practical experiences, by the discourse and example of the teachers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102217.v1
title: Abdominal muscular endurance in Brazilian children and adolescents: systematic review of cross-sectional studies

description: Abstract The literature has demonstrated the importance of musculoskeletal fitness in the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Although current recommendations of physical activities include strengthening and muscular endurance aspects, little is known about the muscular endurance levels of children and adolescents in a national scope. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify the prevalence of Brazilian children and adolescents who meet health criteria for muscular endurance. A hierarchical search was conducted in four databases (MEDLINE; Scopus; SciELO; LILACS) using the following terms: “muscular endurance”, “muscle endurance”, “physical fitness”, “child”, “adolescent”, “adults” “school” and correspondents in the Portuguese language. Overall, 2,652 articles (2,269 had their title and abstract read) were found and 70 were eligible for reading in full. Seventeen studies were reviewed and evaluated for risk of bias. Among 32,661 children and adolescents, only 40.2% of boys and 31.9% of girls presented abdominal muscular endurance adequate for health, and most studies were conducted in the southern region of Brazil. The variability in procedures for evaluating abdominal muscular endurance and cut-points used for interpretation occurred due to the use of different standardizations (PROESP/BR®, FITNESSGRAM® and AAHPERD®). Less than half of Brazilian adolescents of both sexes have adequate abdominal muscular endurance for health. Studies investigating the causes and consequences of inadequate abdominal muscular endurance may contribute to strategies for disease prevention and health promotion of children and adolescents.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102208
title: School Psychology and Inclusive Education: Performance With Teachers

description: ABSTRACT: This research aimed to analyze the performance of the school psychologist with teachers in relation to Inclusive Education. The methodology used was qualitative of the exploratory-descriptive type. The participants were ten school psychologists who worked in private educational institutions. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interview script. The data analysis procedure used was content analysis. The results could be divided into three categories: inclusive demands addressed to the school psychologist; activities developed by the school psychologist together with teachers; and results of the performance of the school psychologist with the teachers. The results evidenced the existence of inclusive behavior, academic and family management demands directed by the teacher to the school psychologist; the development of professional practices of both resolutive and preventive nature by the school psychologist; and the performance of the school psychologist along with teachers regarding Inclusive Education was perceived as beneficial, especially in relation to aspects of student evolution, attitudinal changes of teachers and reduction of demands addressed to the School Psychology Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102208.v1
title: School Psychology and Inclusive Education: Performance With Teachers

description: ABSTRACT: This research aimed to analyze the performance of the school psychologist with teachers in relation to Inclusive Education. The methodology used was qualitative of the exploratory-descriptive type. The participants were ten school psychologists who worked in private educational institutions. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interview script. The data analysis procedure used was content analysis. The results could be divided into three categories: inclusive demands addressed to the school psychologist; activities developed by the school psychologist together with teachers; and results of the performance of the school psychologist with the teachers. The results evidenced the existence of inclusive behavior, academic and family management demands directed by the teacher to the school psychologist; the development of professional practices of both resolutive and preventive nature by the school psychologist; and the performance of the school psychologist along with teachers regarding Inclusive Education was perceived as beneficial, especially in relation to aspects of student evolution, attitudinal changes of teachers and reduction of demands addressed to the School Psychology Service.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102199
title: Influence of Affirmative Action Policies on Socio Demographic Profile of Medical Students from a Brazilian University

description: ABSTRACT Affirmative action policies adopted by University of Campinas (Unicamp) in 2005 entrance exams, added to 2014 modifications, and more recently in 2016, lead to a big profile change of University of Campinas medical students. Therefore, this paper aims to describe academics’ sociodemographic profile, as well as their aspirations in choice of medical career and future specialty. The cross-sectional study included 290 undergraduate years 1, 3 and 6 (Y1, Y3 and Y6) medical students from Unicamp who answered an anonymous questionnaire applied after approval by the Institutional Review Board. Socio demographic data and factors potentially influencing decisions on medical career and specialty choices were analyzed. Data analysis showed a sample composed mostly of white (77.5%), female (63.2%), 20-24 years population, from the State of São Paulo (84.8%) and interior (62.3%). For Y1, there was statistically significant difference for ‘pardo’ (22.6%) – it can be translated as brown – and black (6.6%) – there wasn’t black in Y3 and Y6 – ethnic groups, public school provenience – both elementary school (42.5%) and high school (73.6%) –, lower maternal schooling (high school, p &lt; 0.001) and lower family income (p &lt; 0.001). Years 3 and 6 majority was composed of white academics (76.7% and 90.3%, respectively), coming from private schools (basic education and high school), with further maternal education (higher education/post-graduation) and bigger average income. The influence factors leading to choice for medical specialty modified (p &lt; 0,001) among graduation years. Y1 students opted more frequently for ‘surgery/orthopedics’ (37.7%), ‘medical clinic/neurology’ (23.6%) and ‘psychiatry’ (11.3%). To Y3, the most desired specialties were ‘medical clinic/neurology’ (40%), ‘surgery/orthopedics’ (13.4%) and ‘obstetrician-gynecologist’ (13.3%). Amongst Y6 undergraduates, the most chosen specialties were ‘medical clinic/neurology’ (24.5%), ‘obstetrician-gynecologist’ (20.2%) and ‘surgery/orthopedics’ (17%). Y1 academics also revealed different aspirations regarding intended future workplace, with larger desire to practice only on SUS or on international programs. In this context, results indicate that Unicamp inclusion policy and its modifications over the years, particularly in 2016 entrance exams, have been effective in broadening access to medical education, such as greater socio demographic, economic and ethnic plurality coupled with variations in reasons for choice of medical career and specialty among graduation years analyzed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102202
title: Which Communication Guide for Medical Visits is the Most Appropriate for Teaching Communication Skills in Primary Health Care in Brazil?

description: ABSTRACT Introduction the use of communication skills is associated with positive outcomes in medical visits and health care, such as better adherence to treatments, satisfaction of doctors and patients and the relationship between them. This is even more significant in Primary Health Care, which is a space of comprehensive health care. An effective communication happens whenever all participants interact to exchange information and, in the end, everyone has the same understanding about the problem, everyone agrees about the actions to be taken and everyone feels they are being understood in their needs. In order for this kind of communication to happen, these skills must be taught appropriately e continually, during the whole medical training. Up until now, there is no Brazilian instrument that fulfills this purpose. In Brazil, international guides are being used to achieve that. However, amongst the most internationally used guides and those most cited in specific literature, none is completely suitable to Brazil’s reality. Objective To compare four frequently used communications skills instruments, under the perspective of Brazilian Primary Care characteristics. Methodology The guides were described, qualitatively analyzed and compared according to the following categories: guide structure, guide creation, important steps of the visit and focus on the doctor. Analysis: The instruments differ in easiness of use, focus in Primary Care teaching, discussion of important steps of the visit and focus on the doctor. They all discuss the construction of shared plans and none has a validated translation to Brazilian Portuguese. Conclusion “A Consulta em 7 Passos” has the most suitable profile for Brazil’s Primary Care, among the studied guides. However, the creation of a Brazilian guide is recommended to help structure, homogenize and facilitate the teaching of communication skills in Brazil’s medical schools.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102199.v1
title: Influence of Affirmative Action Policies on Socio Demographic Profile of Medical Students from a Brazilian University

description: ABSTRACT Affirmative action policies adopted by University of Campinas (Unicamp) in 2005 entrance exams, added to 2014 modifications, and more recently in 2016, lead to a big profile change of University of Campinas medical students. Therefore, this paper aims to describe academics’ sociodemographic profile, as well as their aspirations in choice of medical career and future specialty. The cross-sectional study included 290 undergraduate years 1, 3 and 6 (Y1, Y3 and Y6) medical students from Unicamp who answered an anonymous questionnaire applied after approval by the Institutional Review Board. Socio demographic data and factors potentially influencing decisions on medical career and specialty choices were analyzed. Data analysis showed a sample composed mostly of white (77.5%), female (63.2%), 20-24 years population, from the State of São Paulo (84.8%) and interior (62.3%). For Y1, there was statistically significant difference for ‘pardo’ (22.6%) – it can be translated as brown – and black (6.6%) – there wasn’t black in Y3 and Y6 – ethnic groups, public school provenience – both elementary school (42.5%) and high school (73.6%) –, lower maternal schooling (high school, p &lt; 0.001) and lower family income (p &lt; 0.001). Years 3 and 6 majority was composed of white academics (76.7% and 90.3%, respectively), coming from private schools (basic education and high school), with further maternal education (higher education/post-graduation) and bigger average income. The influence factors leading to choice for medical specialty modified (p &lt; 0,001) among graduation years. Y1 students opted more frequently for ‘surgery/orthopedics’ (37.7%), ‘medical clinic/neurology’ (23.6%) and ‘psychiatry’ (11.3%). To Y3, the most desired specialties were ‘medical clinic/neurology’ (40%), ‘surgery/orthopedics’ (13.4%) and ‘obstetrician-gynecologist’ (13.3%). Amongst Y6 undergraduates, the most chosen specialties were ‘medical clinic/neurology’ (24.5%), ‘obstetrician-gynecologist’ (20.2%) and ‘surgery/orthopedics’ (17%). Y1 academics also revealed different aspirations regarding intended future workplace, with larger desire to practice only on SUS or on international programs. In this context, results indicate that Unicamp inclusion policy and its modifications over the years, particularly in 2016 entrance exams, have been effective in broadening access to medical education, such as greater socio demographic, economic and ethnic plurality coupled with variations in reasons for choice of medical career and specialty among graduation years analyzed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102193
title: Insulin replacement restores the vesicular secretory apparatus in the diabetic rat lacrimal gland

description: ABSTRACT Purpose: In the lacrimal gland (LG) acinar cells, signaling regulates the release of secretory vesicles through specific Rab and SNARE exocytotic proteins. In diabetes mellitus (DM), the LGs are dysfunctional. The aim of this work was to determine if secretory apparatus changes were associated with any effects on the secretory vesicles (SV) in diabetic rats as well as the expression levels of constituent Rab and members of the SNARE family, and if insulin supplementation reversed those changes. Methods: DM was induced in male Wistar rats with an intravenous dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). One of the two diabetic groups was then treated every other day with insulin (1 IU). A third control group was injected with vehicle. After 10 weeks, Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to compared the Rab and SNARE secretory factor levels in the LGs. Transmission electron microscopy evaluated acinar cell SV density and integrity. Results: In the diabetes mellitus group, there were fewer and enlarged SV. The Rab 27b, Rab 3d, and syntaxin-1 protein expression declined in the rats with diabetes mellitus. Insulin treatment restored the SV density and the Rab 27b and syntaxin expression to their control protein levels, whereas the Vamp 2 mRNA expression increased above the control levels. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus LG changes were associated with the declines in protein expression levels that were involved in supporting exocytosis and vesicular formation. They were partially reversed by insulin replacement therapy. These findings may help to improve therapeutic management of dry eye in diabetes mellitus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102196
title: Pollen has higher water content when dispersed in a tricellular state than in a bicellular state

description: ABSTRACT Pollen is generally dispersed in a sexually immature and somewhat dehydrated, metabolically quiescent state. Yet, in some species, pollen at anthesis is well-hydrated and metabolically active, and in 30 % of angiosperms pollen is dispersed after having formed its sperm cells. Pollen water content and sexual maturity may be correlated, either because both are subject to trade-offs between dispersal viability and post-pollination performance, or because the traits display developmental linkages. We inferred relative water content of sexually immature (“bicellular”) and sexually mature (“tricellular”) pollen of 30 species of angiosperms using a hydration index (HI) that ranges from zero to one, based on how near fresh pollen volume is to its minimal (dehydrated) or maximal (hydrated) volume. Tricellular pollen had 30 % higher HI than bicellular pollen (P &lt; 0.005), after controlling for initial pollen size (larger pollen had higher HI; P &lt; 0.05). A literature survey of 344 species indicated that the tricellular and hydrated states were strongly associated, although all four trait state combinations were present (P &lt; 0.0001). Our results suggest that a common mechanism for the repeated origins of tricellular pollen has been via the loss of controlled pollen dehydration, which enables either accelerated or extended pollen development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102202.v1
title: Which Communication Guide for Medical Visits is the Most Appropriate for Teaching Communication Skills in Primary Health Care in Brazil?

description: ABSTRACT Introduction the use of communication skills is associated with positive outcomes in medical visits and health care, such as better adherence to treatments, satisfaction of doctors and patients and the relationship between them. This is even more significant in Primary Health Care, which is a space of comprehensive health care. An effective communication happens whenever all participants interact to exchange information and, in the end, everyone has the same understanding about the problem, everyone agrees about the actions to be taken and everyone feels they are being understood in their needs. In order for this kind of communication to happen, these skills must be taught appropriately e continually, during the whole medical training. Up until now, there is no Brazilian instrument that fulfills this purpose. In Brazil, international guides are being used to achieve that. However, amongst the most internationally used guides and those most cited in specific literature, none is completely suitable to Brazil’s reality. Objective To compare four frequently used communications skills instruments, under the perspective of Brazilian Primary Care characteristics. Methodology The guides were described, qualitatively analyzed and compared according to the following categories: guide structure, guide creation, important steps of the visit and focus on the doctor. Analysis: The instruments differ in easiness of use, focus in Primary Care teaching, discussion of important steps of the visit and focus on the doctor. They all discuss the construction of shared plans and none has a validated translation to Brazilian Portuguese. Conclusion “A Consulta em 7 Passos” has the most suitable profile for Brazil’s Primary Care, among the studied guides. However, the creation of a Brazilian guide is recommended to help structure, homogenize and facilitate the teaching of communication skills in Brazil’s medical schools.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102196.v1
title: Pollen has higher water content when dispersed in a tricellular state than in a bicellular state

description: ABSTRACT Pollen is generally dispersed in a sexually immature and somewhat dehydrated, metabolically quiescent state. Yet, in some species, pollen at anthesis is well-hydrated and metabolically active, and in 30 % of angiosperms pollen is dispersed after having formed its sperm cells. Pollen water content and sexual maturity may be correlated, either because both are subject to trade-offs between dispersal viability and post-pollination performance, or because the traits display developmental linkages. We inferred relative water content of sexually immature (“bicellular”) and sexually mature (“tricellular”) pollen of 30 species of angiosperms using a hydration index (HI) that ranges from zero to one, based on how near fresh pollen volume is to its minimal (dehydrated) or maximal (hydrated) volume. Tricellular pollen had 30 % higher HI than bicellular pollen (P &lt; 0.005), after controlling for initial pollen size (larger pollen had higher HI; P &lt; 0.05). A literature survey of 344 species indicated that the tricellular and hydrated states were strongly associated, although all four trait state combinations were present (P &lt; 0.0001). Our results suggest that a common mechanism for the repeated origins of tricellular pollen has been via the loss of controlled pollen dehydration, which enables either accelerated or extended pollen development.