DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4btx
title: Stiffness reprogrammable magnetorheological metamaterials inspired by the spine for multi-bit visual mechanical information processing

description: Embedding information processing into mechanical metamaterials is
 conducive to constructing multifunctional mechanical systems, which have
 unique advantages to provide information processing platforms in extreme
 environments. However, achieving high-density, reprogrammable, and
 visually readable information processing in most mechanical metamaterials
 remains a challenge. Here, we report a multi-bit programming spine
 structure strategy to create a magnetorheological metamaterial with
 high-density, reprogrammable, and visually readable information encoding
 capacities. Inspired by spine features, the magnetorheological spine
 beams, exhibiting substantial stiffness variation by bi-stable transition,
 are meticulously conceived as the stiffness reprogrammable
 magnetorheological metamaterial (SRMM). The SRMM exhibits a large
 stiffness conversion capability (40-fold) and high-density information
 encoding performance (10-bit). Coupling with the mechanoluminescent
 materials, the mechanical information achieves visualization conveniently,
 which is attributed to the conversion of the stiffness data into optical
 signals through optical energy level transitions. Such stiffness-based
 magnetorheological metamaterial offers expansive information encoding
 spaces, stable operation capabilities, and convenient readout approaches,
 advancing mechanical information processing system design for extreme
 environments.
description: # Stiffness reprogrammable magnetorheological metamaterials inspired by
 the spine for multi-bit visual mechanical information processing Dataset
 DOI: [10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4btx](10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4btx) Principal
 Investigator Contact Information, Alternate Contact Information
 **Name: Huaxia Deng** Institution: University of Science and Technology of
 China Email: [hxdeng@ustc.edu.cn](mailto:hxdeng@ustc.edu.cn) **Name:
 Xinglong Gong** Institution: University of Science and Technology of China
 Email: [gongxl@ustc.edu.cn](mailto:gongxl@ustc.edu.cn) ## Description of
 the data and file structure The original data of all the experiments in
 the manuscript are provided outside. The tensile and compression
 performance of printed films and structures was obtained by a dynamic
 mechanical analyzer (DMA, ElectroForce 3200, TA Instruments, USA) and a
 universal tensile instrument (Criterion™ Model 43, MTS Co., LTD, China)
 with a 500 N force sensor module. The loading rate was set at 0.1 mm/s.
 ### **Files and variables** ##### **File: DATA.zip** ###### DATA/Figure
 2/Figure 2B.xlsx This file contains the force-displacement curves of the
 MRS beam during compression in both 'ON' and 'OFF'
 states, including experimental data and theoretical data. ######
 DATA/Figure 2/Figure 2C.xlsx This file contains the cyclic tensile
 stress-strain curves of the magnetorheological elastic matrix TPR 30A and
 the magnetorheological elastic HMRE under a 0.3 strain condition. ######
 DATA/Figure 2/Figure 2D.xlsx This file contains the stress-strain curves
 of TPR 30A and HMRE under different tensile strains. ###### DATA/Figure
 2/Figure 2E.xlsx This file contains the hysteresis loop curves of TPR 30A
 and HMRE. ###### DATA/Figure 2/Figure 2F.xlsx This file presents the
 changes in stiffness and stiffness ratio of the MRS beams prepared at
 different thicknesses in 'ON' and 'OFF' states. ######
 DATA/Figure 2/Figure 2G.xlsx This file presents the changes in stiffness
 and stiffness ratio of the MRS beams prepared at different gap widths in
 'ON' and 'OFF' states. ###### DATA/Figure 2/Figure
 2H.xlsx This file presents the changes in stiffness and stiffness ratio of
 the MRS beams prepared at different heights in 'ON' and
 'OFF' states. ###### DATA/Figure 2/Figure 2I.xlsx This file
 presents the changes in stiffness and stiffness ratio of the MRS beams
 prepared at different lengths in 'ON' and 'OFF'
 states. ###### DATA/Figure 3/Figure 3B.xlsx This file contains the
 critical magnetic field required for the stable switching of MRS beams in
 two states under different pre-compression displacements. ######
 DATA/Figure 3/Figure 3C.xlsx This file contains the force-displacement
 curves of the MRS beam under lateral force at different pre-compression
 displacements. ###### DATA/Figure 3/Figure 3D.xlsx This file contains the
 critical forces required for the MRS beams to switch between two states
 under different pre-compression displacements. ###### DATA/Figure 3/Figure
 3E.xlsx This file contains the potential energy curves of the MRS beam
 during the switching process in two states under different pre-compression
 displacements. ###### DATA/Figure 3/Figure 3F.xlsx This file contains the
 energy changes required when the MRS beam switches between two states
 under different pre-compression displacements. ###### DATA/Figure 3/Figure
 3G.xlsx This file contains the 1000-cycle stability experiments of the MRS
 beam switching between two states under a 0.8mm pre-compression
 displacement, as well as the required electric field conditions. ######
 DATA/Figure 4/Figure 3B.xlsx This file contains the relationship between
 the magnetic field strength and positions generated by two magnets. ######
 DATA/Figure 4/Figure 3C.xlsx This file contains the switching response
 time of the stiffness reprogrammable magnetorheological metamaterial
 (SRMM) cell under the external magnetic field. ###### DATA/Figure 4/Figure
 3E.xlsx This file contains the force-displacement curves of the SRMM cell
 during the compression process in two states. ###### DATA/Figure 4/Figure
 3H.xlsx This file contains the force-displacement curves of the SRMM
 during the compression process at different bit numbers. ######
 DATA/Figure 5/Figure 3E.xlsx This file contains the changes in the
 luminescence intensity of SRMM under load for different bit numbers.
 ###### DATA/Figure 6/Figure 3E.xlsx This file contains the input
 time-displacement curves and the output time-force curves under different
 logical conditions. ###### DATA/SM/FS3.xlsx This file contains the tensile
 fracture stress-strain curve of the HMRE. ###### DATA/SM/FS4.xlsx This
 file contains the compression force-displacement curves of MRS beams of
 different thicknesses under two states. ###### DATA/SM/FS5.xlsx This file
 contains the compression force-displacement curves of MRS beams of
 different gap widths under two states. ###### DATA/SM/FS6.xlsx This file
 contains the compression force-displacement curves of MRS beams of
 different heights under two states. ###### DATA/SM/FS7.xlsx This file
 contains the compression force-displacement curves of MRS beams of
 different lengths under two states. ###### DATA/SM/FS8.xlsx This file
 contains 1000 cycles of compressive force-displacement curves for the MRS
 beam under various conditions, indicating that it possesses stable
 mechanical properties. ###### DATA/SM/FS9.xlsx This file contains the
 current supply information and the displacement information at the
 midpoint of the MRS beam during the 1000-cycle state switching process
 under the magnetic field provided by the current, indicating that it has a
 stable magnetic control switching capability. ###### DATA/SM/FS10.xlsx
 This file contains the surface magnetization intensity of the MRS beam
 under various magnetic fields and different magnetization time conditions.
 ###### DATA/SM/FS11.xls This file contains the state transitions of the
 MRS beam under different magnetic fields, as well as the compression
 force-displacement curves of the MRS beam under a continuous magnetic
 field. It indicates that the magnetic field mainly functions to state
 transitions, and in a stable state, its impact on stiffness can be
 disregarded. ###### DATA/SM/FS13.xlsx This file contains the compression
 displacement curves for SRMMs with different bit numbers. For SRMMs with
 the same bit number, their stiffness is almost the same, which proves that
 the stiffness of SRMMs only depends on the correlation and is independent
 of the position of the ON state crystal cells. ###### DATA/SM/FS15.xlsx
 This file presents the changes in light intensity of the
 mechanoluminescent material under different external force stimuli,
 indicating that the light intensity increases as the external force
 increases. ###### DATA/SM/FS16.xlsx This file presents the changes in
 light intensity of the photo-induced luminescent material under cyclic
 stretching conditions, indicating that it possesses stable photo-induced
 luminescence properties. ###### DATA/SM/FS18.xlsx This file contains the
 input time-displacement curves and the output time-force curves under
 different 'OR' logical conditions. ###### DATA/SM/FS20.xlsx
 This file presents the compression force-displacement curves of the
 theoretically simplified MRS beam under two states, which are almost
 identical to the experimental results. ## Code/software None