DOI: 10.21227/njak-qr29
title: Towards the "Aerosol cytometry" and "Hydrosol cytometry" based on laser aerosol spectrometers

description: It is possible to construct "aerosol cytometers" based on different types of Zhulanov'slaseraerosol counters | diffusionaerosol spectrometers (DAS) [1-8] and "hydrosol cytometers" based on hydrosol particle counters (adopted for ocean marine, ocean and hydrothermal conditions [9,10]). Such systems can be used for analysis of prebiotic condensation nuclei and self-organization of protobiological structures in aerosols (for example, see [11-17])not only in native / model Earth conditions, but also in extraterrestrial or exobiological conditions, because the first photoelectric laser spectrometer for large condensation nuclei was developed by Zhulanov et al. in 1970th[18] and they was approbated in real planetochemical and astrochemical conditions. It's well known, that Zhulanov's technique was approbated not only on the Earth (from marine or ocean [9,10] to highestmountains and arid zones [19,20]), but also in cosmic environment on the Venus in framework of the VEGA project [21-25]. It may be used for aims of extraterrestrialorganic chemistry (in the gas and aerosol phases) and aerosol exobiology [26-30] (not only for possible bioaerosol contaminants in panspermia-like hypothesis [31], but also for spotaneous self-organized and self-reproducible[32]protocell-like aerosol particles [33]). Consequently,alsowe can say about possibility of developments of "aerosol protocytometer" / "... protocellometer" based on Zhulanov's laser particle counters [34] and diffusion aerosol spectrometers (and equivalent possibilities for "hydrosol protocytometer" / "...protocellometer", but it is obvious in the standard water-consists concepts of abiogenesi - from the "small warm pond" [35-37] to other hydrosphere-assisted abiogenesis schemes in different oceanic, marine and hydrothermal vent conditions [38-40]). In general (and as a simplest approache for calibration and biological justification / validation of optical scheme of similar cytometric devices) It is obvious (by definition), that aerosol cytometers can be used for multichannelestimation ofdifferenttypes of cells in bioaerosol flows [41-44], including exotic aerosol techniques, such as "aerosol mass cytometry" based on combination of Zhulanov's aerosol counters or aerosol spectrometers with mass-spectrometric aerosol detection [43] (with single-particle resoolution [45,46]). Laser system in different regimes may be used not only as information producing element of experimental setup, but also as a source of energy for initiation of processes in aerosol drops (from ablation [47] in analytical preparation to "power source" for origin of life initiation modeling [48]).References:Zhulanov Yu. V., Sadovskii B. F., Petryanov I. V. Use of a laser resonator for raising the sensitivity of laser-type aerosol spectrometers // Soviet Physics Doklady. – 1975. – Vol. 20. – P. 810-812.Zhulanov Yu. V., Sadovskii B. F., Petryanov I. V. Automatic method for determining the stokes size of aerosol-particles // Colloid Journal of the USSR. – 1978. – Vol. 40. – No. 4. – P. 637-641.Zhulanov Yu.V., Sadovskiy B.F., Petryanov I.V. Potential of optical analysis of aerosol systems //Doklady Earth Sciences. - 1978. - Vol. 238 (http://www.riss.kr/link?id=O19475727).Zhulanov Yu. V. Sedimentation method for calibrating photoelectric aerosol counters //Measurement Techniques. – 1979. – Vol. 22. – No. 9. – P. 1138-1139.Zhulanov Yu. V., Lushnikov A. A., Nevskiy I. A. Probability Method of Analyzing Dispersed Systems //Izvestiya: Atmospheric and oceanic physics. – 1986. – Vol. 22. – P. 39.Zhulanov Yu.V., Lushnikov A. A., Nevskiy I. A. Unique Features of Multiple Counting of Particles by Photoelectric Counters //Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Phys. – 1985. – Vol. 21. – No. 11. – P. 885-889.Zhulanov Yu. V., Lushnikov A. A., Nevsky I. A. [Specific features of particle multiple counting by aerosol counters] // [Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana]. – 1985. – Vol. 21. – No. 11. – P. 1166-1172.Karneeva N. Yu., Zhulanov Yu. V., Belov S. V., Pavlikhin G. P., Krasovitskaya K. A. [Investigation of the fraction coefficients of overshooting by a laser aerosol spectrometer (Abstracts of Deposited Papers)] // Journal of Engineering Physics. – 1981. – Vol. 41, No. 3 { http://www.itmo.by/jepter/CONTE/411981e/conte41.html }Zhulanov Yu. V., SadovskiiB. F., NikitinO. N., PetryanovI. V.Investigation of the maritime submicron aerosols // Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. - Vol. 242(4). - P. 800-803.Zhulanov Yu. V., Petryanov I. V.(The) Mechanism of generation of marine aerosols // Doklady Earth Sciences. - 1980. - Vol. 250. (http://www.riss.kr/link?id=O19476687)Tuck A. The role of atmospheric aerosols in the origin of life //Surveys in Geophysics. – 2002. – Vol. 23. – No. 5. – P. 379-409.Donaldson D. J., Tervahattu H., Tuck A. F., Vaida V. Organic aerosols and the origin of life: An hypothesis.// Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. – 2004. – Vol. 34. – No. 1-2. – P. 57-67.Dobson C. M., Ellison G. B., Tuck A. F., Vaida V.Atmospheric aerosols as prebiotic chemical reactors //Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. – 2000. – Vol. 97. – No. 22. – P. 11864-11868.Ellison G. B., Tuck A. F., Vaida V. Atmospheric processing of organic aerosols //Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. – 1999. – Vol. 104. – No. D9. – P. 11633-11641.Tervahattu H., Tuck A., Vaida V. Chemistry in prebiotic aerosols: a mechanism for the origin of life // Origins. – Springer, Dordrecht, 2004. – P. 153-165.Donaldson D. J., Tuck A. F., Vaida V. The asymmetry of organic aerosol fission and prebiotic chemistry //Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. – 2002. – Vol. 32. – No. 3. – P. 237-245.Zaritsky A. R., Grachev V. I. Vorontsov YuP, Pronin VS. Energy Aspects of Abiogenesis in the Atmosphere on Hydrocarbon Aerosol Nanodroplets // RENSIT. – 2013. – Vol. 5. – No. 2. – P. 105.Zhulanov I. V., Petrianov I. V., Sadovskii B. F. Photoelectric laser spectrometer for large condensation nuclei // Akademiia Nauk SSSR Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana. – 1978. – Vol. 14. – P. 520-526.[Жуланов Ю.В., Петрянов И.В., Садовский Б.Ф. Лазерный фотоэлектрический спектрометр больших ядер конденсации // Физик атмосфер и океаяа, - 1978. - Т. 14, N° 6. - С. 520-526]Zagajnov V., Zhulanov Yu., Lushnikov A., Stulov L., Osidze I., Tsitskishvili M. [Diurnal-variations of the atmospheric aerosol parameters of mountain regions] // Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery I Okeana. – 1987. – Vol. 23. – №. 12. – No. 1323-1329.Zhulanov Yu.V., Zagaynov L., Yu S., Nevskiy I.A., Stulov L.D. [Highly dispersed submicron atmospheric aerosols of the arid zone] //Izvestiya, Atmos. Ocean. Phys. - 1986. - Vol. 22. - P. 29–40.Zhulanov Yu. V., Mukhin L. M., Nenarokov D. F. Aerosol Counts in Venus Clouds-Preliminary VEGA-1 and VEGA-2 Density Profiles h= 63-47-km // Soviet Astronomy Letters. – 1986. – Vol. 12. – P. 49-52. [Zhulanov Yu. V., Mukhin L. M., Nenarokov D. F. Aerosol counts in Venus clouds-Preliminary VEGA 1, 2 density profiles, H= 63-47 km // Pisma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. – 1986. – Vol. 12. – P. 123-130].Zhulanov Yu. V., Mukhin L. M., Nenarokov D. F.,Structure of the cloud layer in the Venusian atmosphere (the Vega project) //Doklady Earth Sciences. - 1987. - Vol. 292. - (http://www.riss.kr/link?id=O19482329) [Zhulanov Yu. V. et al.Structure of the cloud layer in the Venusian atmosphere// Transactions (Doklady) of the USSR Academy of Sciences: Earth science sections. – Scripta Technica, Incorporated, 1987. – Vol. 292. – No. 1. – P. 18].Zhulanov Yu. V. Photoelectric transducer for analysis of aerosols in the cloud layer of the atmosphere of Venus //Colloid Journal USSR (English Translation). – 1988. – Vol. 50. – No. 2. – P. 221-228.Zhulanov Yu. V., Mukhin L. M., Nenarokov D. F. Particle-size distributions in the cloud layer of the Venusian atmosphere (the Vega experiment) //Doklady Earth Sciences. - 1987. - Vol. 295 (http://www.riss.kr/link?id=O19482543)Zhulanov Yu. V., Mukhin L. M., Nenarokov D. F.Mechanisms generating the cloud layer in the Venusian atmosphere //Doklady Earth Sciences - 1987. - Vol. 295 (http://www.riss.kr/link?id=O19482547) [Zhulanov Y. V., Mukhin L. M., Nenarokov D. F.Mechanisms generating the cloud layer in the Venusian atmosphere// Transactions (Doklady) of the USSR Academyof Sciences: Earth science sections. – Scripta Technica, Incorporated, 1988. – Vol. 295. – P. 19].Raulin F. Titan's organic chemistry and exobiology // Huygens: Science, Payload and Mission. – 1997. – Vol. 1177. – P. 219.Raulin F., Coll P., Smith N., Benilan Y., Bruston P., Gazeau M. C. New insights into Titan's organic chemistry in the gas and aerosol phases // Advances in Space Research. – 1999. – Vol. 24. – No. 4. – P. 453-460.McKay C. P., Stoker C. R., Morris J., Conley G., Schwartz D.Space station gas-grain simulation facility: Application to exobiology // Advances in Space Research. – 1986. – Vol. 6. – №. 12. – P. 195-206.Coll P. et al. Experimental laboratory simulation of Titan’s atmosphere: aerosols and gas phase //Planetary and Space Science. – 1999. – Vol. 47. – No. 10-11. – P. 1331-1340.Scattergood T. W., Oberbeck V. R., Carle G. C. Aerosols in Titan's Atmosphere: Implications for Exobiology and the Cassini Mission // Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. – 1989. – Vol. 21. – P. 960.Lee B. U. Life comes from the air: a short review on bioaerosol control // Aerosol Air Qual. Res. – 2011. – Vol. 11. – No. 7. – P. 921-927.Donaldson D. J., Tuck A. F., Vaida V. Spontaneous fission of atmospheric aerosol particles //Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. – 2001. – Vol. 3. – No. 23. – P. 5270-5273.Zaritsky A. R., Grachev V. I., Vorontsov Y. P., Pronin V. S. Abiogenesis transition from the atmosphere into the hydrosphere: from vesicles to protocells // RENSIT – 2014 – Vol. 6. – No. 2 – P. 221-231.Zhulanov Yu.V., Nikitin O.V., Saprykin K.G., Nevskiy I.A., Sedovskiy B.F., Petryanov T.V. [Laser particle counter] // PTE. - 1983. - Vol. 122. - No. 3. - P. 177-180.Follmann H., Brownson C. Darwin’s warm little pond revisited: from molecules to the origin of life //Naturwissenschaften. – 2009. – Vol. 96. – No. 11. – P. 1265-1292.Burcar B., Pasek M., Gull M., Cafferty B. J., Velasco F., Hud N. V., Menor‐Salván C.Darwin's warm little pond: a one‐pot reaction for prebiotic phosphorylation and the mobilization of phosphate from minerals in a urea‐based solvent //Angewandte Chemie International Edition. – 2016. – Vol. 55. – No. 42. – P. 13249-13253.Cronin J. R. Darwin warm little pond // Chemical  Engineering News. – 1988. – Vol. 66. – No. 15. – P. 4-5.Holm N. G. Report on the workshop:‘Chemical evolution and neo-abiogenesis in marine hydrothermal systems’ // Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere. – 1990. – Vol. 20. – No. 2. – P. 93-98.Vance S., Harnmeijer J., Kimura J., Hussmann H., DeMartin B., Brown J. M.Hydrothermal systems in small ocean planets // Astrobiology. – 2007. – Vol. 7. – No. 6. – P. 987-1005.Emeline A., Otroshchenko V., Ryabchuk V., Serpone N. The Chemical Evolution of Atmosphere and Oceans The Chemical Evolution of Atmosphere and Oceans, 1984 // Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry reviews. – 2003. – Vol. 3. – No. 3. – P. 203-224.Zhen H., Han T., Fennell D. E., Mainelis G. A systematic comparison of four bioaerosol generators: Affect on culturability and cell membrane integrity when aerosolizing Escherichia coli bacteria // Journal of Aerosol Science. – 2014. – Vol. 70. – P. 67-79.King M. D., McFarland A. R. Bioaerosol sampling with a wetted wall cyclone: cell culturability and DNA integrity of Escherichia coli bacteria // Aerosol Science and Technology. – 2012. – Vol. 46. – No. 1. – P. 82-93.Madonna A. J., Voorhees K. J., Hadfield T. L., Hilyard E. J.Investigation of cell culture media infected with viruses by pyrolysis mass spectrometry: Implications for bioaerosol detection// Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. – 1999. – Vol. 10. – No. 6. – P. 502-511.Alderman T. S., Thomann W. R., Hunt D. L. Assessment of Bioaerosol Reduction Methods in Stem Cell Transplant Units at a University Hospital // Applied Biosafety. – 2004. – Vol. 9. – No. 3. – P. 143-154.Prather K. A., Nordmeyer T., Salt K. Real-time characterization of individual aerosol particles using time-of-flight mass spectrometry //Analytical Chemistry. – 1994. – Т. 66. – Vol. 9. – P. 1403-1407.Hobbs S. E., Olesik J. W. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry signal fluctuations due to individual aerosol droplets and vaporizing particles // Analytical chemistry. – 1992. – Vol. 64. – No. 3. – P. 274-283.Günther D., Heinrich C. A. Enhanced sensitivity in laser ablation-ICP mass spectrometry using helium-argon mixtures as aerosol carrier // Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. – 1999. – Vol. 14. – No. 9. – P. 1363-1368.Lazarenko A. G., Andreev A. N., Kanaev A. V. Origin of life experiment enlightened by laser // Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL), 2016 IEEE 7th International Conference on. – IEEE, 2016. – P. 83-84.