cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843328
title: Chlorophyll pigments from the Namibian upwelling system during Maria S. Merain cruise MSM18/4

description: Geocode DEPTH, water is the mid depth of the range. Procedure as described by Wasmund et al. (2006, http://www.iopan.gda.pl/oceanologia/481wasmu.pdf). However, a new fluorometer was used which measured according to the principle of Welschmeyer (1994, doi:10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1985). Therefore, the chlorophyll a data were corrected for chlorophyll b, but not for pheopigments. This procedure is also recommended by HELCOM (2014,http://www.helcom.fi/Documents/Action%20areas/Monitoring%20and%20assessment/Manuals%20and%20Guidelines/Manual%20for%20Marine%20Monitoring%20in%20the%20COMBINE%20Programme%20of%20HELCOM.pdf).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843335
title: Chlorophyll pigments from the Namibian upwelling system during Maria S. Merain cruise MSM18/5

description: Geocode DEPTH, water is the mid depth of the range. Procedure as described by Wasmund et al. (2006, http://www.iopan.gda.pl/oceanologia/481wasmu.pdf). However, a new fluorometer was used which measured according to the principle of Welschmeyer (1994, doi:10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1985). Therefore, the chlorophyll a data were corrected for chlorophyll b, but not for pheopigments. This procedure is also recommended by HELCOM (2014,http://www.helcom.fi/Documents/Action%20areas/Monitoring%20and%20assessment/Manuals%20and%20Guidelines/Manual%20for%20Marine%20Monitoring%20in%20the%20COMBINE%20Programme%20of%20HELCOM.pdf).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846365
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during M103/1 and M103/2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843443
title: Depth integrated nitrogen fixation from the northern Benguela upwelling system during Maria S. Merain cruise MSM17/3

description: Nitrogen fixation data from the cruise number MSM17/3 with research vessel "Maria S. Merian" from 30.01.-10.02.2011 (= "leg a" from Walvis Bay to Walvis Bay) in front of Namibia. Samples taken by CTD- rosette sampler from different depths and incubated in glass bottles (535 ml) at light intensities that resemble the in situ light intensities of the sampling depth after 15N2 gas was injected to the sample. After the incubation time of 6-8 hours, the complete bottle content was filtered onto a pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filter. Filters were frozen, transported to the institute on dry ice and measured in a mass spectrometer for Delta 15N. The principle of the method was described by Montoya et al. (1996) and calculation was done according to their spread sheet. From the data of the single depths, the nitrogen fixation per square meter within the upper 40 m of the water column was calculated. The methods are described in detail in a paper submitted by Wasmund et al. in 2014 to be printed in 2015. Some results are surprisingly below zero. This occurs if the Delta 15N of the blank is higher than the measurement after incubation. It indicates that no nitrogen fixation occurred. Due to natural variability, the variability of the nitrogen fixation data is high. In an overall estimate, also over several cruises, negative and positive values compensate more or less, suggesting that nitrogen fixation is insignificant in the waters in front of northern Namibia and southern Angola.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843444
title: Depth integrated nitrogen fixation from the northern Benguela upwelling system during Maria S. Merain cruise MSM18/4

description: Nitrogen fixation data from the cruise number MSM18/4 with research vessel "Maria S. Merian" from 24.07.-20.08.2011 (from Libreville to Walvis Bay) in front of Angola and northern Namibia. Samples taken by CTD- rosette sampler from different depths and incubated in glass bottles (535 ml) at light intensities that resemble the in situ light intensities of the sampling depth after Delta 15 N2 gas was injected to the sample. After the incubation time of 6 hours, the complete bottle content was filtered onto a pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filter. Filters were frozen, transported to the institute on dry ice and measured in a mass spectrometer for Delta15N. The principle of the method was described by Montoya et al. (1996) and calculation was done according to their spread sheet. From the data of the single depths, the nitrogen fixation per square meter within the upper 40 m of the water column was calculated. The methods are described in detail in a paper submitted by Wasmund et al. in 2014 to be printed in 2015. Some results are surprisingly below zero. This occurs if the Delta15N of the blank is higher than the measurement after incubation. It indicates that no nitrogen fixation occurred. Due to natural variability, the variability of the nitrogen fixation data is high. In an overall estimate, also over several cruises, negative and positive values compensate more or less, suggesting that nitrogen fixation is insignificant in the waters in front of northern Namibia and southern Angola.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843445
title: Depth integrated nitrogen fixation from the northern Benguela upwelling system during Maria S. Merain cruise MSM18/5

description: Nitrogen fixation data from the cruise number MSM18/5 with research vessel "Maria S. Merian" from 22.08.-20.09.2011 (from Walvis Bay to Walvis Bay) in front of Angola and northern Namibia. Samples taken by CTD- rosette sampler from different depths and incubated in glass bottles (535 ml) at light intensities that resemble the in situ light intensities of the sampling depth after 15N2 gas was injected to the sample. After the incubation time of 6 hours, the complete bottle content was filtered onto a pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filter. Filters were frozen, transported to the institute on dry ice and measured in a mass spectrometer for Delta 15N. The principle of the method was described by Montoya et al. (1996) and calculation was done according to their spread sheet. From the data of the single depths, the nitrogen fixation per square meter within the upper 40 m of the water column was calculated. The methods are described in detail in a paper submitted by Wasmund et al. in 2014 to be printed in 2015. Some results are surprisingly below zero. This occurs if the Delta 15N of the blank is higher than the measurement after incubation. It indicates that no nitrogen fixation occurred. Due to natural variability, the variability of the nitrogen fixation data is high. In an overall estimate, also over several cruises, negative and positive values compensate more or less, suggesting that nitrogen fixation is insignificant in the waters in front of northern Namibia and southern Angola.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843446
title: Depth integrated nitrogen fixation from the northern Benguela upwelling system during METEOR cruise M100/1

description: Nitrogen fixation data from the cruise number M100 with research vessel "Meteor" from 01.09.-01.10.2013 (1st leg from Walvis Bay to Walvis Bay) in front of Namibia. Samples taken by CTD- rosette sampler from different depths and incubated in glass bottles (270-1070 ml) at light intensities that resemble the in situ light intensities of the sampling depth after 15N2 gas was injected to the sample. After the incubation time of 24 hours, the complete bottle content was filtered onto a pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filter. Filters were frozen, transported to the institute on dry ice and measured in a mass spectrometer for Delta 15N. The principle of the method was described by Montoya et al. (1996) and calculation was done according to their spread sheet. From the data of the single depths, the nitrogen fixation per square meter within the upper 40 m of the water column was calculated. The methods are described in detail in a paper submitted by Wasmund et al. in 2014 to be printed in 2015. Some results are surprisingly below zero. This occurs if the Delta 15N of the blank is higher than the measurement after incubation. It indicates that no nitrogen fixation occurred. Due to natural variability, the variability of the nitrogen fixation data is high. In an overall estimate, also over several cruises, negative and positive values compensate more or less, suggesting that nitrogen fixation is insignificant in the waters in front of northern Namibia and southern Angola.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843447
title: Depth integrated nitrogen fixation from the northern Benguela upwelling system during METEOR cruise M103/2

description: Nitrogen fixation data from the cruise number M103/2 with research vessel "Meteor" from 21.01.-11.02.2014 (second leg from Walvis Bay to Walvis Bay) in front of Namibia. Samples taken by CTD- rosette sampler from different depths and incubated in glass bottles (535 ml) at light intensities that resemble the in situ light intensities of the sampling depth after 15N2 gas was injected to the sample. After the incubation time of 24 hours, the complete bottle content was filtered onto a pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filter. Filters were frozen, transported to the institute on dry ice and measured in a mass spectrometer for Delta15N. The principle of the method was described by Montoya et al. (1996) and calculation was done according to their spread sheet. From the data of the single depths, the nitrogen fixation per square meter within the upper 40 m of the water column was calculated. The methods are described in detail in a paper submitted by Wasmund et al. in 2014 to be printed in 2015. Some results are surprisingly below zero. This occurs if the Delta15N of the blank is higher than the measurement after incubation. It indicates that no nitrogen fixation occurred. Due to natural variability, the variability of the nitrogen fixation data is high. In an overall estimate, also over several cruises, negative and positive values compensate more or less, suggesting that nitrogen fixation is insignificant in the waters in front of northern Namibia and southern Angola.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843477
title: Ichthyoplankton density and zooplankton biomass in the Benguela upwelling system during MSM17/3 in January and February 2011

description: Ichthyoplankton density (fish eggs and larvae) and bulk zooplankton biomass in January/February 2011 were determined for 38 stations in the northern Benguela upwelling system, based on oblique Multinet hauls during the FS Maria S. Merian MSM17/3 cruise. A HYDROBIOS Multinet, type Midi (0.25 m**2 mouth area) was equipped with five nets of 500 µm-mesh size, temperature and oxygen probes, and an inner and outer flow meter to monitor the net's trajectory (for volume filtered calculations) as well as net clogging. The Multinet was handled over the side, towed horizontally at 2 knots. Winch speed when fearing was 0.5 or 0.3 m/s, heaving velocity 0.2 - 0.3 m/s. The Multinet was towed obliquely at 38 stations sampling the upper 200 m of the water column, which were divided into five different depth strata after inspection of temperature and oxygen concentration depth profiles. Ichthyoplankton densities and zooplankton biomass were calculated for each depth stratum (=single net) from total abundance and the volume of water filtered [individuals per m**3 and g wet weight per m**3, respectively]. In addition, densities and biomass were integrated over the area for each station [individuals per m**2], as sum of calculations for each net: Sum ([individuals per m**3]*Delta (depth bot[m]-depth top [m]).
description: Geocode DEPTH, water is the mid depth of net range. Empty cell describes a missing sample.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843479
title: Ichthyoplankton density and zooplankton biomass in the Benguela upwelling system during MSM07/3 in March 2008

description: Ichthyoplankton density (fish eggs and larvae) and bulk zooplankton biomass in March 2008 were determined for 32 stations in the northern Benguela upwelling system, based on oblique Multinet hauls during the FS Maria S. Merian MSM07/3 cruise. A HYDROBIOS Multinet, type Midi (0.25 m**2 mouth area) was equipped with five nets of 500 µm-mesh size, temperature and oxygen probes, and an inner and outer flow meter to monitor the net's trajectory (for volume filtered calculations) as well as net clogging. The Multinet was handled over the side, towed horizontally at 2 knots. Winch speed when fearing was 0.5 or 0.3 m/s, heaving velocity 0.2 - 0.3 m/s. The Multinet was towed obliquely at 32 stations sampling the upper 200 m of the water column, which were divided into five different depth strata after inspection of temperature and oxygen concentration depth profiles. Ichthyoplankton densities and zooplankton biomass were calculated for each depth stratum (=single net) from total abundance and the volume of water filtered [individuals per m**3 and g wet weight per m**3, respectively]. In addition, densities and biomass were integrated over the area for each station [individuals per m**2], as sum of calculations for each net: Sum ([individuals per m**3]*Delta (depth bot[m]-depth top [m]).
description: Geocode DEPTH, water is the mid depth of net range. Empty cell describes a missing sample. # = samples from number 4 & 5 were preserved together.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843481
title: Ichthyoplankton density and zooplankton biomass in the Benguela upwelling system during MSM18/4 in July and August 2011

description: Ichthyoplankton density (fish eggs and larvae) and bulk zooplankton biomass in September 2010 were determined for 10 stations in the northern Benguela upwelling system, based on oblique Multinet hauls during the RRS Discovery D356 cruise. A HYDROBIOS Multinet, type Midi (0.25 m**2 mouth area) was equipped with five nets of 500 µm-mesh size, temperature and oxygen probes, and an inner and outer flow meter to monitor the net's trajectory (for volume filtered calculations) as well as net clogging. The Multinet was handled over the side, towed horizontally at 2 knots. Winch speed when fearing was 0.5 or 0.3 m/s, heaving velocity 0.2 - 0.3 m/s. The Multinet was towed obliquely at 10 stations sampling the upper 200 m of the water column, which were divided into five different depth strata after inspection of temperature and oxygen concentration depth profiles. Ichthyoplankton densities and zooplankton biomass were calculated for each depth stratum (=single net) from total abundance and the volume of water filtered [individuals per m**3 and g wet weight per m**3, respectively]. In addition, densities and biomass were integrated over the area for each station [individuals per m**2], as sum of calculations for each net: Sum ([individuals per m**3]*Delta(depth bot[m]-depth top [m]).
description: Geocode DEPTH, water is the mid depth of net range. Empty cell describes a missing sample.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843483
title: Ichthyoplankton density and zooplankton biomass in the Benguela upwelling system during MSM19/1b in October 2011

description: Ichthyoplankton density (fish eggs and larvae) and bulk zooplankton biomass in October 2011 were determined for 22 stations in the northern Benguela upwelling system, based on oblique Multinet hauls during the FS Maria S. Merian MSM19/1b cruise. A HYDROBIOS Multinet, type Midi (0.25 m**2 mouth area) was equipped with five nets of 500 µm-mesh size, temperature and oxygen probes, and an inner and outer flow meter to monitor the net's trajectory (for volume filtered calculations) as well as net clogging. The Multinet was handled over the side, towed horizontally at 2 knots. Winch speed when fearing was 0.5 or 0.3 m/s, heaving velocity 0.2 - 0.3 m/s. The Multinet was towed obliquely at 22 stations sampling the upper 200 m of the water column, which were divided into five different depth strata after inspection of temperature and oxygen concentration depth profiles. Ichthyoplankton densities and zooplankton biomass were calculated for each depth stratum (=single net) from total abundance and the volume of water filtered [individuals per m**3 and g wet weight per m**3, respectively]. In addition, densities and biomass were integrated over the area for each station [individuals per m**2], as sum of calculations for each net: Sum ([individuals per m**3]*Delta (depth bot[m]-depth top [m]).
description: Geocode DEPTH, water is the mid depth of net range. Empty cell describes a missing sample.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.843640
title: Station list and links to master tracks in different resolutions of HEINCKE cruise HE265, Bremerhaven - Bremerhaven, 2007-01-05 - 2007-01-18
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846390
title: Zooplankton biomass from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during M103/1 and M103/2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846131
title: Zooplankton biomass from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during MSM07/2b
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846132
title: Zooplankton biomass from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during MSM07/3
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846230
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and d15N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during AFR 258
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846233
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and d15N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during DISCOVERY 356
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846235
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and d15N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during MSM17/3
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846236
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and d15N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during MSM07/3
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846238
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and d15N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during MSM07/2b
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846242
title: Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in zooplankton from different transects in the northern Namibian upwelling area (Benguela Current System) during M100/1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.853624
title: Biogeochemical characteristics of the Northern Benguela upwelling system with emphasis on the carbonate system and nutrient dynamics during METEOR cruise M103
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.846694
title: Physical oceanography from CTD measured in December 2013 during METEOR expedition M102
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.848516
title: Respiration rates of two Euphausiid species (Euphausia hanseni and Nematoscelis megalops) in the northern Benguela upwelling system during MSM17/3
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.855254
title: Rates of nitrogen cycling and chemo-autotrophy in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa

description: Cold-water corals (CWC) are widely distributed around the world forming extensive reefs at par with tropical coral reefs. They are hotspots of biodiversity and organic matter processing in the world's deep oceans. Living in the dark they lack photosynthetic symbionts and are therefore considered to depend entirely on the limited flux of organic resources from the surface ocean. While symbiotic relations in tropical corals are known to be key to their survival in oligotrophic conditions, the full metabolic capacity of CWC has yet to be revealed. Here we report isotope tracer evidence for efficient nitrogen recycling, including nitrogen assimilation, regeneration, nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, we also discovered chemoautotrophy and nitrogen fixation in CWC and transfer of fixed nitrogen and inorganic carbon into bulk coral tissue and tissue compounds (fatty acids and amino acids). This unrecognized yet versatile metabolic machinery of CWC conserves precious limiting resources and provides access to new nitrogen and organic carbon resources that may be essential for CWC to survive in the resource-depleted dark ocean.
description: Supplement to: Middelburg, Jack J; Mueller, Christina E; Veuger, Bart; Larsson, Ann I; Form, Armin; van Oevelen, Dick (2015): Discovery of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and chemoautotrophy in cold-water corals. Scientific Reports, 5(17962)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854434
title: Oxygen in porewater from the Namibian Shelf during MSM17/3 in January and February 2011
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854435
title: Nutrients in porewater from the Namibian Shelf during MSM17/3 in January and February 2011
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854031
title: Nutrients measured with a FerryBox in the Benguela Upwelling System within the Namibian coastal territory during METEOR cruise M103/1 in December 2013 to January 2014
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854436
title: Nitrogen in porewater from the Namibian Shelf during MSM17/3 in January and February 2011
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854036
title: Nutrients measured with a FerryBox in the Benguela Upwelling System during the METEOR cruise M103/2 in January to February 2014
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854048
title: Suspended matter in the water column from METEOR cruise M48/2 in the Benguela Upwelling System off Namibia in August 2000
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.854050
title: Suspended matter in the water column from Alexander von Humboldt cruise AHAB05 in the Benguela Upwelling System off Namibia in March 2004
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.859045
title: Physical oceanography from CTD measured in September 2013 during METEOR expedition M100/1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.856892
title: Chlorophyll-a and suspended matter concentration, yellow substance absorption at 440 nm and Secchi depth in the Namibian upwelling region during METEOR cruise M103/1

description: The chlorophyll-a concentration was measured using the standard method of in vitro fluorescence according to the monitoring programme of HELCOM (Helsinki Commission).The suspended matter concentration (SPM) was determined according to the ESA validation protocols (Doerffer 2002). Before filtration, the Whatman GFF filters were washed, glowed and weighted. The water samples were filtrated using the pre-treated filters. After filtration, the filters were washed with Milli-Q water, dried at a temperature of 70°C and weighted.The yellow substance absorption (ay(440 nm)) was determined according to Højerslev, (1980). The water samples were filtrated using Whatman GFF filters. The absorbance of the filtered water was measured with Perkin-Elmer Lambda-2 spectrophotometer. The ay(440nm) value was calculated using the equation ay(440 nm)= 2.303A(440 nm)/l where A is the absorbance and l is the length of the quartz cell in meters.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.856903
title: Chlorophyll-a and suspended matter concentration, yellow substance absorption at 440 nm and Secchi depth in the Namibian upwelling region during METEOR cruise M103/2

description: The chlorophyll-a concentration was measured using the standard method of in vitro fluorescence according to the monitoring programme of HELCOM (Helsinki Commission). The suspended matter concentration (SPM) was determined according to the ESA validation protocols (Doerffer 2002). Before filtration, the Whatman GFF filters were washed, glowed and weighted. The water samples were filtrated using the pre-treated filters. After filtration, the filters were washed with Milli-Q water, dried at a temperature of 70°C and weighted. The yellow substance absorption (ay(440 nm)) was determined according to Højerslev, (1980). The water samples were filtrated using Whatman GFF filters. The absorbance of the filtered water was measured with Perkin-Elmer Lambda-2 spectrophotometer. The ay(440nm) value was calculated using the equation ay(440 nm)= 2.303A(440 nm)/l where A is the absorbance and l is the length of the quartz cell in meters.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.856942
title: Incident irradiance above water and upward radiance below the water surface during METEOR cruise M103/1 at station 001

description: The incident irradiance above water Es (lambda) and the upward radiance just below the water surface Lu (lambda,0-) were measured with Satlantic surface reference (SMSR-SeaWiFS Multichannel Surface Reference) in 13 channels between 412 nm and 700 nm. All measurements were made according to the recommendations of the SeaWiFS validation team (Mueller and Austin 1995). The sampling data rate was 6 Hz.