cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/qtfh-xc48
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tiancai Lake, China Air Temperature Reconstructions during the last 12 ka

description: This paper reports the first quantitative summer (mean July) temperature reconstruction based on subfossil chironomids from the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) covering the end of the last deglaciation and the entire Holocene, spanning 11,800 cal yr BP to the present. The record is based on 223 chironomid samples throughout a 927 cm sediment core providing a temporal resolution of ∼50 years per sample. We validate the record by applying several statistical reconstruction diagnostics and comparing with pollen and diatom records from the same sediment core. The record suggests the summer temperature varies by ∼2.5 °C across the entire period. A generally warmer period occurred between c.8500 and c.6000 cal yr BP and a cooling trend was initiated from c.5500 cal yr BP. The overall pattern broadly matches the summer insolation at 30°N and the Asian Summer Monsoon records from the surrounding regions suggesting that summer temperatures from the southeast margin of the QTP respond to insolation forcing and monsoon driven variability on a multi-millennial time scale. Modifications of this overall trend are observed on the finer temporal resolution and we suggest that solar activity could be an important mechanism driving the centennial-scale variability. It may have a strengthened effect in the late Holocene when the monsoon influence weakened. Further detailed investigation is needed to disentangle these effects on the climate change over the highlands of southwestern China.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/qzf7-ca15
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Inner East Asia 250 Year Temperature Extremes and Soil Moisture Reconstructions

description: Unprecedented heatwave-drought concurrences in the past two decades have been reported over inner East Asia. Tree-ring-based reconstructions of heatwaves and soil moisture for the past 260 years reveal an abrupt shift to hotter and drier climate over this region. Enhanced land-atmosphere coupling, associated with persistent soil moisture deficit, appears to intensify surface warming and anticyclonic circulation anomalies, fueling heatwaves that exacerbate soil drying. Our analysis demonstrates that the magnitude of the warm and dry anomalies compounding in the recent two decades is unprecedented over the quarter of a millennium, and this trend clearly exceeds the natural variability range. The "hockey stick"-like change warns that the warming and drying concurrence is potentially irreversible beyond a tipping point in the East Asian climate system.
description: Inner East Asia 0-3 meter soil moisture and temperature extremes reconstructed from tree-ring width for the past 250 years.
DOI: 10.25921/qcdb-g896
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Bona-Churchill Alaska Ice Core 70 Year Black Carbon and Ammonium Data

description: Wildfires emit large quantities of particles that affect Earth's climate and human health. Black carbon (BC), commonly known as soot, is directly emitted to the atmosphere by wildfires and other processes and can be transported and deposited in remote regions including high-altitude glaciers and the Polar Regions. Here, we present a continuous, high-resolution record of BC and ammonium (NH4+) from 1933 to 2001 extracted from two ice cores retrieved in 2002 from the col between Mt. Bona and Mt. Churchill in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountain Range, southeast Alaska. Despite the substantial increase of BC from fossil fuels in the Arctic since the Industrial Revolution, BC at Bona-Churchill originates primarily from biomass burning and thus provides a record reflecting a fire history for Alaska. The BC record from Bona-Churchill reveals that high fire activity became more frequent after 1984 in agreement with Alaska fire records. Most years associated with high BC or high NH4+ before 1984 occurred during El Niño events when precipitation in Alaska was below "normal," suggesting that precipitation played an important role in modulating fire activity in Alaska prior to the 1980s. Conversely, years with high BC or NH4+ after 1984 coincided with years with "normal" and low precipitation, but elevated temperatures, strongly suggesting that temperature became a more dominant factor influencing fire activity in Alaska after the 1980s as suggested by other studies. Recent Alaska fire records and temperatures indicate that this trend has continued in the 21st century.
description: Black carbon and ammonium data from the Bona-Churchill col, Alaska ice core for 1933 - 2001 CE.
DOI: 10.25921/qn3b-ed56
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Dye - Huron Mountain Club-West - TSCA - ITRDB MI025

description: Availability of high-quality primary ecological datasets like tree-ring growth is critical to the progress of ecological sciences. The International Tree-Ring Databank (ITRDB) is the premier public archive for interannual records of tree-ring growth (i.e., “chronologies”); however, there is currently a dearth of available chronologies that extend into the 21st century. In Michigan, none of the available records for eastern hemlock extends past 1983. Unfortunately, this reduces the availability of these chronologies for study of recent ecological and climatological change or for their integration with new environmental measuring technologies. In this paper, we fill part of this gap for northern Michigan and examine how our datasets can inform long-term studies of ecology-climate interactions in the Midwest region. We present multi-century Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (eastern hemlock) tree-ring growth records for four sites in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A., covering the periods 1708–2015, 1754–2015, 1794–2015, and 1857–1995. We explore potential applications of these datasets by examining basic correlations between interannual growth on the one hand and regional temperature and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, an estimate of dryness) values on the other. At all four sites, growth is negatively correlated with previous summer and current spring temperature, while growth is positively correlated with previous summer PDSI at three of the four sites.
description: Upper Peninsula TSCA NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22.
DOI: 10.25921/qr56-cw97
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Heyerdahl Fire data from National Bison Range, Montana - IMPD USNBR001

description: Records of past fire occurrence from tree rings, charcoal found in lake sediments, and other proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set.  Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.  Additional information on the International Multiproxy Database (IMPD) data set procedures are also available.

description: This site was sampled to support revisions to the National Bison Range management plan.  Ring-boundary fire scars were assigned to the preceding calendar year.  File usnbr001_NBR_scarred_tree_info.csv provides locations for most of the trees.
DOI: 10.25921/q6v1-5q02
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Diatom diversity and palaeoproductivity data from Lake Baikal, Southern Siberia over the past 16000 years

description: Biological diversity is inextricably linked to community stability and ecosystem functioning, but our understanding of these relationships in freshwater ecosystems is largely based on short-term observational, experimental, and modelling approaches. Using a multidecadal diatom record for the past ca. 16000 years from Lake Baikal, we investigate how diversity and palaeoproductivity have responded to climate change during periods of both rapid climate fluctuation and relative climate stability. We show dynamic changes in diatom communities during the past 16000 years, with decadal shifts in species dominance punctuating millennial-scale seasonal trends. We describe for the first time in Lake Baikal a gradual shift from spring to autumnal diatom communities that started during the Younger Dryas and peaked during the Late Holocene, which likely represents orbitally driven ecosystem responses to long-term changes in seasonality. Using a multivariate classification tree, we show that trends in planktonic and tychoplanktonic diatoms broadly reflect both long-term climatic changes associated with the demise of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and abrupt climatic changes associated with, for example, the Younger Dryas stadial. Indeed, diatom communities are most different before and after the boundary between the Early and Middle Holocene periods of ca. 8.2 cal kyr BP, associated with the presence and demise of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets respectively. Diatom richness and diversity, estimated using Hill's species numbers, are also shown to be very responsive to periods characterized by abrupt climate change, and using knowledge of diatom autecologies in Lake Baikal, diversity trends are interpreted in terms of resource availability. Using diatom biovolume accumulation rates (BVARs; µm3 cm−2 yr−1), we show that spring diatom crops dominate palaeoproductivity for nearly all of our record, apart from a short period during the Late Holocene, when autumnal productivity dominated between 1.8–1.4 cal kyr BP. Palaeoproductivity was especially unstable during the Younger Dryas, reaching peak rates of 18.3 × 103 µm3 cm−2 yr−1 at ca. 12.3 cal kyr BP. Generalized additive models (GAMs), which explore productivity–diversity relationships (PDRs) during pre-defined climate periods, reveal complex relationships. The strongest statistical evidence for GAMs were found during the Younger Dryas, the Early Holocene, and the Late Holocene, i.e. periods of rapid climate change. We account for these differences in terms of climate-mediated resource availability, and the ability of endemic diatom species in Lake Baikal to adapt to extreme forms of living in this unique ecosystem. Our analyses offer insight into how productivity–diversity relationships may develop in the future under a warming climate.
description: Raw planktonic and tychoplanktonic diatom counts presented only; no benthic species included as they occupy only near-shore environments
DOI: 10.25921/qzh2-sn40
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Vanoni - Rothenthurm - ABAL - ITRDB SWIT395

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Reference: 
# Vanoni M. 2012. Klimatische Einflusse auf die Wachstumsvariabilitat von Weisstanne und Fichte entlang des Weisstannen-Ausbreitungsgradienten. Master thesis. ETH Zurich, Zurich. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-05-03.
DOI: 10.25921/qs4m-0s82
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coastal North and South Carolina 300 Year Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Reconstruction

description: The impacts of inland flooding caused by tropical cyclones (TCs), including loss of life, infrastructure disruption, and alteration of natural landscapes, have increased over recent decades. While these impacts are well documented, changes in TC precipitation extremes—the proximate cause of such inland flooding—have been more difficult to detect. Here, we present a latewood tree-ring–based record of seasonal (June 1 through October 15) TC precipitation sums (ΣTCP) from the region in North America that receives the most ΣTCP: coastal North and South Carolina. Our 319-y-long ΣTCP reconstruction reveals that ΣTCP extremes (≥0.95 quantile) have increased by 2 to 4 mm/decade since 1700 CE, with most of the increase occurring in the last 60 y. Consistent with the hypothesis that TCs are moving slower under anthropogenic climate change, we show that seasonal ΣTCP along the US East Coast are positively related to seasonal average TC duration and TC translation speed.
description: Tree-ring reconstruction of tropical cyclone precipitation for coastal North and South Carolina, USA over the past 300 years. Reconstruction based on 7 Pinus palustris tree-ring chronologies archived in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (NC030-NC035, SC008).
DOI: 10.25921/q1b3-7r67
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Coastal Nepena Valley, Peru Modern Surf Clam Stable Isotope Data

description: The coastline of Peru lacks long-lived marine organisms useful for paleoclimatic reconstructions generating a need for novel archives. Short-lived (<5 years) bivalves are commonly found in geological and archaeological deposits and thus can provide "snapshots" of past climatic variability (i.e., seasonal range), similar to data obtained by individual foraminifera analysis, rather than continuous, cross-dated time series (e.g., trees and corals). Previous studies have found success using the short-lived intertidal clam Mesodesma donacium. However, M. donacium are vulnerable to die-offs from the warmer sea surface temperatures (SST) associated with El Nino events and are functionally extinct in northern Peru thus limiting the possibility of modern analog studies for that region. Here we investigate the short-lived (1-3 years) surf clam, Donax obesulus, commonly found in northern Peru, as a paleoclimate archive. Donax obesulus populations are able to survive the warmer SSTs present during El Nino years although they are vulnerable to colder SSTs associated with La Ninas. We assessed the environmental drivers underlying subannual d18O variability in D. obesulus from live collected shells from fish markets and coastal beaches near the Nepena Valley, Peru in 2012 (La Nina), 2014 (ENSO-neutral), and 2016 (El Nino). Forward modeling of pseudo-shell d18O reveals that SST variations are a dominant driver with secondary contributions from seasonally-varying seawater d18O (d18Osw). By accounting for varying d18Osw, we isolated the temperature dependent variable resulting in a paleotemperature equation for D. obesulus d18O. We verified our results with the d18O record of a D. obesulus shell collected in 2006. Our results suggest that the paleotemperature equation we developed is useful for reconstructing El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related climatic variations in this region and the pseudo-shell approach may be useful for understanding shell d18O in other locations.
description: Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes (d13C and d18O) of Donax obesulus specimens collected from the coastal Nepena Valley 2012-2016. Data are presented as raw isotope measurements or monthly averages.
DOI: 10.25921/qjvv-8593
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Chesapeake Bay Core MD99-2209 2,000 Year Multiproxy Susquehanna Flood Data

description: The hazards posed by infrequent major floods to communities along the Susquehanna River and the ecological health of Chesapeake Bay remain largely unconstrained due to the short length of streamgage records. Here we develop a history of high-flow events on the Susquehanna River during the late Holocene from flood deposits contained in MD99-2209, a sediment core recovered in 26 m of water from Chesapeake Bay near Annapolis, Maryland, United States. We identify coarse-grained deposits left by Hurricane Agnes (1972) and the Great Flood of 1936, as well as during three intervals that predate instrumental flood records (~1800-1500, 1300-1100, and 400-0 CE). Comparison to sedimentary proxy data (pollen and ostracode Mg/Ca ratios) from the same core site indicates that prehistoric flooding on the Susquehanna often accompanied cooler-than-usual winter/spring temperatures near Chesapeake Bay - typical of negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation and conditions thought to foster hurricane landfalls along the East Coast.
description: Multiproxy data set of Susquehanna River flood indicators from Chesapeake Bay sediment core MD99-2209, collected near Annapolis, Maryland, USA. Data cover the past 2,000 years, and include coarse silt fraction, x-ray fluorescence zirconium/rubidium ratio, and Ambrosia pollen abundance.
DOI: 10.25921/q5mk-v115
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Beartooth Plateau Ice Patch 9500 Year Stable Water Isotope Data

description: Paleoclimate records from ice cores generally are considered to be the most direct indicators of environmental change, but are rare from mid-latitude, continental regions such as the western United States. High-elevation ice patches are known to be important archaeological archives in alpine regions and potentially could provide records important for Earth System Model evaluation and to understand linkages between climate and early human activities, but this potential largely is unexplored. Here we use a well-dated ice-core record from a shallow ice patch to investigate Rocky Mountain winter-season climate during the Holocene. Our records indicate that this ice patch consistently accumulated ice over the past 10 kyr, preserving a regionally representative climate record of stable water isotopes and ice accretion rates that documented generally cooler and wetter conditions during the early Holocene and 500 years of anomalous winter season warmth centered at 4100 cal yr BP followed by a rapid cooling and 1500 years of cooler and wetter winters.
description: Water isotopes (d18O and d2H) from an ice core collected from the Beartooth Plateau ice patch, northern Wyoming, for the past 9,550 years
DOI: 10.25921/qre3-ka63
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northeastern Atlantic Dinoflagellate Assemblage Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions during the last 10,000 Years

description: A micropaleontological investigation was conducted on two sediment cores from the Reykjanes Ridge (RR; core LO09-14; 59°12.30′N, 31°05.94′W) and the Faroe–Shetland Channel (FSC; core HM03-133-25; 60°06.55′N, 06°04.18′W) to document hydrographical changes of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) during the Holocene. Dinocyst and coccolith assemblages were analyzed, and quantitative reconstructions of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea surface salinities (SSSs) were conducted based on dinocyst assemblages. Both proxies suggest a major reorganization of surface circulation patterns in the northeastern North Atlantic between 7 and 5.4 ka BP. At both sites, SSSs before 6.5–7 ka BP were lower than during the mid-late Holocene, suggesting dispersal of meltwater through the NAC. Long term trends of SSTs, however, show higher than present summer SSTs on the RR from 9.3 to ∼6 ka BP, and lower than present SSTs in the FSC until ca. 5.4 ka BP. The contrasted SST trends at the two sites suggest that decreasing summer insolation was not the only forcing behind hydrographical changes in the region. Decoupling of the NAC and the Slope Current (SC), which both influence the FSC, is proposed as a possible mechanism. We hypothesize that a strong NAC during the early to middle Holocene resulted in a SST increase on the RR and decrease in the FSC. Inversely, a weaker NAC after 5–6 ka BP, leading to decreased SSTs on the RR, would have enhanced the relative contribution of the warmer, saltier SC in the FSC, thus resulting in a regional SST and SSS increase.
description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
DOI: 10.25921/qykc-5g93
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Larson - Bohlin Horse Barn - QUSP - ITRDB WI017

description: New and updated multi-century tree-ring chronologies from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams from across the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, were developed to fill a spatial gap in the network of available tree-ring chronologies. We produced a robust 303-year summer drought reconstruction (June-August Palmer's Modified Drought Index (PMDI): r2 = 0.45) that identified clusters of extreme droughts and pluvials (PMDI <= -4.0 or >= 4.0) in the early 1700s and more even distributions of drought conditions, with the exception of the post 1930s period when drought became relatively infrequent. Compared to the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) and the North American Drought Atlas (NADA), our reconstruction more accurately represented moderate moisture conditions across the Driftless Area, the NADA and LBDA more closely represented extreme pluvials, and our reconstruction and the LBDA better represented extreme drought years. The three reconstructions largely captured the same high-frequency variability in drought conditions and differed most at low frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between our reconstruction and corn (r = 0.30, n = 91, p = 0.002) and soybean (r = 0.25, n  = 81, p = 0.012) yields, with the strength of the correlations increasing over recent decades suggesting a tighter coupling of interannual climate variability and crop productivity in the region. Superposed epoch analyses indicated significantly wetter conditions in the Driftless Area two years after major volcanic eruptions. In the context of long-term climatic variability, the Driftless Oaks drought reconstruction demonstrated that drought and pluvial conditions more extreme than those experienced during the instrumental record have occurred in the past.
description: Oak ring width data from the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, sampled from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19.