DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq4t
title: Hammer-headed bat movement behavior and habitat selection

description: Background: Animals with key ecological roles, such as seed-dispersing
 fruit bats, rely to varying degrees on habitat structure to indicate the
 locations of rewards and risks. Methods: To understand how variation in
 vegetation structure influences fruit bat selection, we related movement
 steps of hammer-headed bats (Hypsignathus monstrosus) to attributes of
 canopy height, vertical and horizontal structure, and habitat type in a
 mature rainforest of southern Cameroon. Vegetation structural metrics were
 measured with UAV-LiDAR at 10 m resolution for a 25 km2 study area.
 Because bats frequently moved outside the study area, we also
 characterized vegetation height and horizontal complexity over the full
 extent of bat movement trajectories by upscaling UAV-LiDAR measurements
 using spaceborne remote sensing, including GEDI LiDAR data. Results: At
 the site level, hammer-headed bats preferred areas of intermediate canopy
 height close to large canopy gaps (≥500 m). Individual bats varied in
 selection for vertical vegetation complexity, distance to smaller canopy
 gaps (≥50 m), and plant volume density of intermediate vegetation strata
 (10-20 m). Over the full extent of movement trajectories, hammer-headed
 bats consistently preferred intermediate canopy height, and areas closer
 to canopy gaps. At both spatial extents, bats moved the shortest distances
 in swamp habitats dominated by Raphia palms. These behaviors indicate use
 of forest types that vary structurally, with a preference for open
 airspace during foraging or moving among resources, and for dense swamp
 vegetation during roosting and foraging periods. In addition, most bats
 regularly made long flights of up to 17.7 km shortly after sunset and
 before sunrise and limited their movements to three or fewer destinations
 throughout the tracking period. Conclusions: These results highlight the
 importance of integrating remote sensing and animal tracking data to
 understand habitat selection of a species whose movements influence viral
 spillover risk and spatial patterns of seed dispersal.
description: # Habitat selection of hammer-headed bats Nicholas J. Russo  University of
 California, Los Angeles [nickrusso@ucla.edu](mailto:nickrusso@ucla.edu)
 [nicholasrusso@g.harvard.edu](mailto:nicholasrusso@g.harvard.edu) This
 repository contains the data and code necessary to reproduce the results
 of Russo et al. (DOI: ) ### Scripts *
 `Russo_et_al_Bat_iSSA_Dryad_Share.R`: Script that produces all analyses
 and figures included in the manuscript, including: * Sample period of each
 bat (Fig. S1) * Integrated Step Selection Analyses (iSSAs) and 95%
 confidence intervals for covariates at both site-level and landscape
 scales, including: * Relative Selection Strength for Canopy Height at site
 level (Fig. 2A) and landscape level (Fig. 2B) * Selection for all other
 structural covariates (Fig. 3) * Population-level GLMMs at site level
 (Table 1 summary) and landscape level (Table 2 summary) * Selection for
 swamp habitat based on movement step length (Fig. 4) * Recursive movement
 analyses (Fig. 5) * `Russo_et_al_Bat_UHC_Dryad_Share.R`: Script that
 produces all UHC plots included as supplemental materials in the
 manuscript ### Data folder # Bat Data * `Bats2022_2023.csv`: Hammer-headed
 bat GPS locations in UTM coordinates ("x", "y"), along
 with timestamps ("time") and bat ID ("trackId") #
 Environmental Layers * `ch.tif`: Canopy Height, 10 m resolution (site
 level) * `vc.tif`: Vertical Complexity Index, 10 m resolution (site level)
 * `d50.tif`: Distance to gap of size &gt;= 50 m, 10 m resolution (site
 level) * `d500.tif`: Distance to gap of size &gt;=500 m, 10 m resolution
 (site level) * `swamp_forest.tif`: Landscape classified as either swamp
 (1) or other habitat (0) (site and landscape level) * `lai.tif`: Leaf Area
 Index, 10 m resolution (site level) * `pvd_10_15.tif`: Plant Volume
 Density 10-15 m from the ground, 10 m resolution (site level) *
 `pvd_15_20.tif`: Plant Volume Density 15-20 m from the ground, 10 m
 resolution (site level) * `dist2gapT15_30m_Size_500ha.tif`: Distance to
 canopy gap of threshold height 15 m, max size 500 Ha, 30 m resolution
 (landscape level) * `RH95_FINAL_SD_1KM_UTM.tif`: Canopy height
 heterogeneity at 1000 m resolution (landscape level) *
 `RH95_FINAL_SD_100M_UTM.tif`: Canopy height heterogeneity at 100 m
 resolution (landscape level) * `RH95_FINAL_UTM.tif`: Canopy height, 30 m
 resolution (landscape level) \################ Session Info: R version
 4.3.1 (2023-06-16 ucrt) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) Running
 under: Windows 11 x64 (build 22631) attached base packages: \[1] parallel
 stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods\ \[8] base other attached
 packages: \[1] viridis_0.6.4 viridisLite_0.4.2 ggpubr_0.6.0 glmmTMB_1.1.7\
 \[5] recurse_1.1.2 amt_0.2.1.0 move_4.2.4 raster_3.6-23\ \[9] sp_2.1-4
 geosphere_1.5-18 terra_1.7-39 sf_1.0-14\ \[13] lubridate_1.9.2
 forcats_1.0.0 stringr_1.5.0 dplyr_1.1.2\ \[17] purrr_1.0.1 readr_2.1.4
 tidyr_1.3.0 tibble_3.2.1\ \[21] ggplot2_3.5.1 tidyverse_2.0.0