DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnw7d
title: Data from: Genome size evolution and phenotypic correlates in the poison frog family Dendrobatidae

description: Adaptive and neutral processes have produced a spectrum of genome sizes
 across organisms. Amphibians in particular possess a wide range in
 C-values, from &lt;1 pg to over 125 pg. However, the genome size of
 most amphibians is unknown, and no single family has been comprehensively
 assessed. We provide new estimates for 32 poison frog species representing
 the major lineages within Dendrobatidae using Feulgen staining of museum
 specimens and flow cytometry of fresh tissue. We show that genome size in
 Dendrobatidae has likely evolved gradually, with potential evolutionary
 rate shifts in the genera Phyllobates and Hyloxalus, which respectively
 possess species with the largest (13.0 pg) and second smallest (2.6 pg)
 genomes in the family. Phylogenetically controlled regression analyses
 indicate that genome size is positively correlated with snout-vent-length,
 oocyte number, and clutch size, but negatively correlated with active
 metabolic rate and metabolic scope. While body size and metabolic rate are
 also correlates of toxicity, we found no relationship between genome size
 and the evolution of chemical defense within Dendrobatidae. Our assessment
 of genome size in Dendrobatidae provides insight into the processes
 shaping genome size evolution over short timescales and establishes a
 novel system in which to study the mechanistic links between genome size
 and organismal physiology.
description: # Data from: Genome size evolution and phenotypic correlates in the poison
 frog family Dendrobatidae Tyler E. Douglas, Roberto Márquez, V. Renee
 Holmes, J. Spencer Johnston, and Rebecca D. Tarvin This repository is
 divided in three folders containing the files and code used in this paper.
 The contents of each are described below, and each folder has a README
 file within it with more details. Files were zipped for upload to Dryad.
 ## Description of the data and file structure **Datasets:** Contains all
 the data collected, compiled, and generated for this study. *This is the
 folder most users will be interested in.* **Phylogeny:** Contains the
 time-callibrated tree generated for our study species as well as the input
 files used to generate it. **Code:** Contains the code used in genome size
 estimation, evolutionary rate, and regression analyses. ## Sharing/Access
 information Some of the data used in this paper were obtained from the
 literature and publicly available databases. Genome sizes were obtained
 from the Animal Genome Size Database
 ([https://www.genomesize.com/](https://www.genomesize.com/)), sequences
 from GenBank
 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/), accessions in Table S3), a tree topology from Grant et al. (2017), and phenotypic data from Carvajal-Castro (2021), and Santos (2012). **References** * Carvajal-Castro, J. D., F. Vargas-Salinas, S. Casas-Cardona, B. Rojas, and J. C. Santos. 2021. Aposematism facilitates the diversification of parental care strategies in poison frogs. Scientific Reports 11:19047. * Grant, T., M. Rada, M. Anganoy-Criollo, A. Batista, P. H. Dias, A. M. Jeckel, D. J. Machado, et al. 2017. Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives revisited (Anura: Dendrobatoidea). South American Journal of Herpetology 12. * Santos, J. C. 2012. Fast molecular evolution associated with high active metabolic rates in poison frogs. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29:2001–2018. ## Code/Software Specific code for analyses is in the Code folder.