cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a29z90d9r
title: Permafrost and Environmental Monitoring in 2023 and 2024 at the Teshekpuk Lake Observatory, Northern Alaska

description: This dataset consists of monitoring data of environmental parameters at two sites representing different stages of ice-wedge evolution and set up as Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) grid sites at the Teshekpuk Lake Observatory. One site was established in an area with low-centered polygons (LCP; CALM site U60a) and the other in an area with high-centered polygons (HCP; CALM site U60). The LCP site represents ice-wedge formation and is in a drained lake basin, the HCP represents partial degradation and is located in a primary early Holocene surface.
 Grids were 100 meter (m) by 100 m grids with data collected at every 10 m for a total of 120 measurement point locations. Measurements include thaw depths, ground temperatures at 12 centimeter (cm) depths, volumetric water content of the upper 12 cm of soil, water depth in areas with standing water, maximum vegetation height (within ~10 cm of the grid point), and snow depth. This data was collected at both sites in July 2023 and 2024 and is provided by four csv file for each measurement day. Two shapefiles are included to provide exact measurement locations within the grid.
 Furthermore, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys were conducted in 2024 to measure micro-topography and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) near the timing of peak tundra greenness. These derived UAV products are included as tif files. These measurements were also extracted at each grid point location for analysis and those values are included in the csv files described previously.
 Finally, we monitored active layer (15 cm depth) and permafrost (100 cm depth) temperatures for specific geomorphic features at each site for a year. We also monitored base of pond water temperatures for a year. Ground temperature monitoring for geomorphic features at the LCP site consisted of a polygon center, a rim and a trough; for the HCP site geomorphic features consisted of a polygon center and two troughs of varying dimensions (note one trough was located outside the grid area). Water monitoring consisted of two polygon centers at the LCP site and a thaw pond at the HCP site. This data is included as another csv file.
DOI: 10.18739/a2b27pt0n
title: Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Defense Meteorological Satellites Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager - Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSM/I-SSMIS) Passive Microwave Data, Version 2

description: This data set is generated from brightness temperature data and is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments.The data are provided in the polar stereographic projection at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. Data coverage began on 26 October 1978 and is ongoing through the most current processing, with updated data processed several times annually.
 This product is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations—the fraction of ocean area covered by sea ice—for the entire passive microwave record. Sea ice algorithm coefficients are calibrated to reduce differences in sea ice extent and area estimates between the SMMR, SSM/I and SSMIS sensors. The data are generated using the NASA Team algorithm developed by the Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). 
 DiGirolamo, N., Parkinson, C. L., Cavalieri, D. J., Gloersen, P. &amp; Zwally, H. J. (2022). Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data. (NSIDC-0051, Version 2). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/MPYG15WAA4WX. [describe subset used if applicable]. Date Accessed 12-09-2024.
DOI: 10.18739/a2b56d65b
title: Bias-Corrected Gridded Soil Temperatures (North of 30°N) Between 1982-2023 at 0.05° Resolution

description: ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation Land (ERA5-Land) and Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS) both provide gridded soil temperatures globally at a resolution of ~9 kilometers (km). However, ERA5-Land soil temperatures exhibit warm biases over permafrost regions, and a median Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of between 1.6 Kelvin (K) and 2.3K, while FLDAS exhibits cold biases, and a median RMSE of between 2.5K and 4.5K. Thus in an uncorrected form, their soil temperatures are unsuitable for permafrost applications, or as boundary conditions for hydrological models. Here we investigated the use of a hierarchy of bias-correction techniques including mean bias subtraction (MBS), multiple linear regression (MLR), and random forest regression (RF) to bias-correct ERA5-Land and FLDAS soil temperatures. The MLR and RF models incorporated 10 predictors including soil depth, soil temperatures, 2 meter (m) air temperatures and snow water equivalent (SWE) from the reanalysis product, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the month of the year, as well as geospatial information such as elevation, latitude and longitude. MLR and RF models were used to predict the observed soil temperature for each grid cell, and metrics were compared against in-situ soil temperature measurements from 2686 stations. It was found that RF greatly outperformed MBS and MLR, providing an average RMSE reduction of between 46 percent (%) to 77% relative to the uncorrected product soil temperatures.
 This dataset accompanies Herrington, T., Erler, A. and Fletcher, C. (in Review), Theoretical and Applied Climatology. It includes two datasets of 0.05° bias-corrected gridded soil temperatures over the extratropical northern hemisphere for all land areas north of 30 degrees North (°N). The first dataset includes bias-corrected ERA5-Land soil temperatures for each of the Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL) model layers, between 1981-2023. The second dataset includes bias-corrected FLDAS soil temperatures for each of the Noah LSM model layers, between 1982-2023. The bias-correction utilizes random forest regression and 10 predictors including soil depth, the reanalysis soil temperature, sine and cosine transformations of the month of the year, the reanalysis air temperature, MODIS NDVI, reanalysis snow water equivalent (SWE), along with elevation, latitude and longitude.
DOI: 10.18739/a2bc3t004
title: Localized velocity, temperature, salinity, and backscatter data from melting icebergs near Xeitl Sít' (LeConte Glacier, Southeast Alaska), 2023

description: Parameterization of submarine melt at near-vertical ice faces is a significant source of uncertainty in predicting ice mass loss and freshwater input into the ocean. Direct observations in this environment have historically been hindered by the dangers posed by actively calving glacier termini and potentially unstable icebergs. Aimed at filling this gap, this dataset contains observations from robotically-deployed Meltstakes at the near-vertical sides of icebergs in Xeitl Geeyí (LeConte Bay, Alaska). Measured quantities are ocean temperature, ocean salinity, ocean velocity, and backscatter data used to track the retreat (melt) of the ice-ocean interface. The observations are separated into 31 discrete segments (lasting 13-71 minutes) under which ocean forcing is relatively stationary and a reliable melt rate can be determined from the backscatter data. These sets of observations enable a direct comparison between small-scale oceanic forcing (~1 meter) and localized submarine melt rate across a wide parameter space (3-10°Celsius and 1-12 centimeters per second (cm/s) flows). Additionally, the observations allow testing of ice-ocean melt rate parameterizations.
 For more information about the Meltstake platform, see:
 Nash, J.D., Weiss, K., Wengrove, M.E., Osman, N., Pettit, E.C., Zhao, K., Jackson, R.H., Nahorniak, J., Jensen, K., Tindal, E., Skyllingstad, E., Cohen, N., and Sutherland, D (2024) Turbulent Dynamics of Buoyant Melt Plumes Adjacent Near-Vertical Glacier Ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL108790. https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2024GL108790
DOI: 10.18739/a2bg2hc4x
title: Data for Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems (1995 - 2021)

description: This repository contains the code for the analysis and figures from See et al. 2024. Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems.
 Tundra and boreal ecosystems encompass the northern circumpolar permafrost region and are experiencing rapid environmental change with important implications for the global carbon (C) budget. We analysed multi-decadal time series containing 302 annual estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux across 70 permafrost and non-permafrost ecosystems, and 672 estimates of summer CO2 flux across 181 ecosystems. We find an increase in the annual CO2 sink across non-permafrost ecosystems but not permafrost ecosystems, despite similar increases in summer uptake. Thus, recent non-growing-season CO2 losses have substantially impacted the CO2 balance of permafrost ecosystems. Furthermore, analysis of interannual variability reveals warmer summers amplify the C cycle (increase productivity and respiration) at putatively nitrogen-limited sites and at sites less reliant on summer precipitation for water use. Our findings suggest that water and nutrient availability will be important predictors of the C-cycle response of these ecosystems to future warming.
DOI: 10.18739/a2bn9x49j
title: River and lake ice phenology data for Alaska and Northwest Canada from 1882 to 2024

description: Ice phenology describes natural event or phenomena observed on freezing or thawing surfaces of waters bodies. Here we have accumulated and organized observations of lake and river ice phenology throughout Alaska including several connected river sites in Northwest (NW) Canada from 1882 to 2024. A large portion of these observations have previously been organized and made publicly available through the National Weather Service's Alaska Pacific River Forecast Center (APRFC). We have georeferenced APRFC and added observations from nine other sources including scientific papers, books, government reports, and community records. These ice phenology records have been organized and archived as part of Fresh Eyes on Ice (http://fresheyesonice.org/).
DOI: 10.18739/a2br8mj10
title: Track Files with Characteristics and Accompanying Atmospheric Data for Long Track Tropopause Polar Vortices from 1979-2018

description: Tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) are closed circulations centered on the tropopause that form and predominately reside in high latitudes. Due to their attendant flow, TPVs have been shown to influence surface weather features, and thus, a greater understanding of the dynamics of these features may improve our ability to forecast impactful weather events. These data include a subset of TPVs that have lifetimes of longer than two weeks (the 95th percentile of all TPV cases between 1979 and 2018); these long-lived vortices offer a unique opportunity to study the conditions under which TPVs strengthen and analyze patterns of vortex formation and movement. These data use ERA-Interim, along with TPV tracks derived from the same reanalysis, including data on the formation, motion, and development of these long-lived vortices. Data also include long-lived TPVs that form predominately by splitting from existing vortices. Data from non-likely split genesis events are also included. Seasonal variations in the life cycles of long-lived vortices are included.
DOI: 10.18739/a2bv79x68
title: Increasing wildfire frequency decreases carbon storage and leads to regeneration failure in boreal forests 2015-2023

description: Background: The increasing size, severity, and frequency of wildfires is one of the most rapid ways climate warming could alter the structure and function of high-latitude ecosystems. Historically, boreal forests in western North America had fire return intervals (FRI) of 70-130 years, but shortened FRIs are becoming increasingly common under extreme weather conditions. Here, we quantified pre-fire and post-fire C pools and C losses and assessed post-fire seedling regeneration in long (&gt;70 years), intermediate (30 -70 years), and short (&lt;30 years) FRIs, and triple (three fires in &lt;70 years) burns. As boreal forests store a significant portion of the global terrestrial carbon (C) pool, understanding the impacts of shortened FRIs on these ecosystems is critical for predicting the global C balance and feedbacks to climate.
 Results: Using a spatially extensive dataset of 555 plots from 31 separate fire scars in Interior Alaska, our study demonstrates that shortened FRIs decrease the C storage capacity of boreal forests through loss of legacy C and regeneration failure. Total wildfire C emissions were similar among FRI classes, ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kilograms Carbon per square meter (kg C m-2). However, shortened FRIs lost proportionally more of their pre-fire C pools, resulting in substantially lower post-fire C pools than long FRIs. Shortened FRIs also resulted in the combustion of legacy C, defined as C that escaped combustion in one or more previous fires. We found that post-fire successional trajectories were impacted by FRI, with ~ 65% of short FRIs and triple burns experiencing regeneration failure.
 Conclusions: Our study highlights the structural and functional vulnerability of boreal forests to increasing fire frequency. Shortened FRIs and the combustion of legacy C can shift boreal ecosystems from a net C sink or neutral to a net C source to the atmosphere and increase the risk of transitions to non-forested states. These changes have profound implications for the boreal C-climate feedback and could accelerate climate warming. Our findings underscore the need for adaptive management strategies that prioritize the structural and functional resilience of boreal forest ecosystems to expected increases in fire frequency.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29177141
title: LiBC

description: the formation enthalpies, electronic strucutres, and superconductivity
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29177141.v1
title: Li-Co-data.rar

description: the formation enthalpies, electronic strucutres, and superconductivity of I4/mmm A4B electrides
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29177141.v2
title: LiBC

description: the formation enthalpies, electronic strucutres, and superconductivity
DOI: 10.18739/a2bz6198h
title: Alaska Peatland Map (2019-2021)

description: Peatlands cover 3% of the global land surface, yet store 25% of the world’s soil organic carbon. These organic-rich soils are widespread across permafrost regions, representing nearly 18% of land surface and storing between 500 and 600 petagrams of carbon (PgC). Peat (i.e., partially decomposed thick organic layers) accumulates due to the imbalance between plant production and decomposition often within saturated, nutrient deficient, and acidic soils, which limit decomposition. As warmer and drier conditions become more prevalent across northern ecosystems, the vulnerability of peatland soils may increase with the susceptibility of peat-fire ignitions, yet the distribution of peatlands across Alaska remains uncertain. Here we develop a new high-resolution (20 meter (m) resolution) wall-to-wall ~1.5 million square kilometer (km2) peatland map of Alaska, using a combination of Sentinel-1 (Dual-polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar), Sentinel-2 (Multi-Spectral Imager), and derivatives from the Arctic Digital Elevation Model (ArcticDEM). Machine learning classifiers were trained and tested using peat cores, ground observations, and sub-meter resolution image interpretation, which was spatially constrained by a peatland suitability model that described the extent of terrain suitable for peat accumulation. This product identifies peatlands in Polar, Boreal, and Maritime ecoregions in Alaska to cover 26,842 (4.6%), 69,783 (10.4%), and 13,506 (5.3%) km2, respectively.
DOI: 10.18739/a2bz61990
title: Turbulence data from conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD)-chipods on Arctic Observing Network cruise in 2022 (AON2022)

description: This is a turbulence dataset collected from conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD)-chipods, a turbulence package mounted on the CTD rosette during an Arctic Observing Network cruise in 2022. The CTD stations spanned 171 casts around Alaska, USA along the northern and western shelves. Data are processed using a MATLAB software developed by the Ocean Mixing Group at Oregon State University to clean wake contamination and produce turbulence estimates. Data provided include the dissipation of temperature variance (chi) and the eddy diffusivity of temperature (Kt). Quantities are provided on a 2-meter (m) grid on the descent and ascent of the rosette. These turbulence data are meant to help diagnose and quantify heat exchanges between water masses in the subsurface and with the atmosphere.
DOI: 10.18739/a2c24qq0w
title: ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present

description: ERA5-Land (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis) is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.
 ERA5-Land uses as input to control the simulated land fields ERA5 atmospheric variables, such as air temperature and air humidity. This is called the atmospheric forcing. Without the constraint of the atmospheric forcing, the model-based estimates can rapidly deviate from reality. Therefore, while observations are not directly used in the production of ERA5-Land, they have an indirect influence through the atmospheric forcing used to run the simulation. In addition, the input air temperature, air humidity and pressure used to run ERA5-Land are corrected to account for the altitude difference between the grid of the forcing and the higher resolution grid of ERA5-Land. This correction is called 'lapse rate correction'.
 The ERA5-Land dataset, as any other simulation, provides estimates which have some degree of uncertainty. Numerical models can only provide a more or less accurate representation of the real physical processes governing different components of the Earth System. In general, the uncertainty of model estimates grows as we go back in time, because the number of observations available to create a good quality atmospheric forcing is lower. ERA5-land parameter fields can currently be used in combination with the uncertainty of the equivalent ERA5 fields.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w5vgsg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus, 1758))",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0016838-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4hjyqe
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus, 1758))",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0016839-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18739/a2c824g8w
title: Fortymile caribou herd range isopleths, occurrence distributions, and associated vegetation change data, Alaska and Yukon Territory (1991 - 2021)

description: We assessed the range characteristics of the Fortymile migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herd in east-central Alaska and west-central Yukon Territory as it grew (1992-2017) then declined (2017-2020) to analyze whether range size, location and density changed over this time period. In addition, we assessed the correlation between caribou density and vegetation change over this time period using remotely sensed estimates of plant functional type fractional cover.
 This dataset provides: a) the Fortymile range isopleth data used to assess changes in range characteristics, b) the Forytmile range occurrence distributions used to analyze spatial patterns in caribou relative spatial density, and c) summarized vegetation change data associated with caribou relative spatial density classes.