cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929093.v1
title: Yield and export of nutrients in chicken manure-fertilized snap bean

description: ABSTRACT The analysis of nutrient accumulation and exportation in snap bean is fundamental to help develop a more sustainable fertilization, since defining the organic fertilizer doses needed for snap bean cultivation based only on an estimated maximum production does not guarantee that soil fertility is maintained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chicken manure fertilizer on snap bean yield, accumulation, and nutrient exportation. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with five chicken manure fertilizer doses (0;5;10;20, and 40 t ha-1) and four repetitions. Higher P and Mg contents were verified in the leaves following application of chicken manure fertilizer dose of 40 t ha-1.Maximum pod length was 14.47 cm, estimated with chicken manure fertilizer dose of 33.33 t ha-1. The highest diameter, number of pods per plant, and pod yield were verified at the highest chicken manure fertilizer dose applied (40 t ha-1).In relative terms, i.e., total exported in relation to total extracted of the aerial part, phosphorus is the most exported nutrient in the pods, at an average of 58%, followed by N (55%), K (43%), Mg (40%), S (38%), and Ca (17%). Although a large amount of Ca accumulation (31.3 kg ha-1) was verified at the highest dose, only 13% of it was exported by the pods. Chicken manure fertilizer supplies the essential nutrients and increases pod yield from 7.2 to 16.3 t ha-1, when comparing between no fertilization and the highest chicken manure fertilizer dose. The cultural residues of snap beans are an important source of Ca and Mg, with the following nutrient amounts (kg ha-1) N (51.4); P (5.1);K (27.6); Ca (27.1); Mg (8.2); and S (5.1) being obtained at the highest chicken manure fertilizer dose applied (40 t ha-1), and which can return to soil through incorporation by the plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929093
title: Yield and export of nutrients in chicken manure-fertilized snap bean

description: ABSTRACT The analysis of nutrient accumulation and exportation in snap bean is fundamental to help develop a more sustainable fertilization, since defining the organic fertilizer doses needed for snap bean cultivation based only on an estimated maximum production does not guarantee that soil fertility is maintained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chicken manure fertilizer on snap bean yield, accumulation, and nutrient exportation. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with five chicken manure fertilizer doses (0;5;10;20, and 40 t ha-1) and four repetitions. Higher P and Mg contents were verified in the leaves following application of chicken manure fertilizer dose of 40 t ha-1.Maximum pod length was 14.47 cm, estimated with chicken manure fertilizer dose of 33.33 t ha-1. The highest diameter, number of pods per plant, and pod yield were verified at the highest chicken manure fertilizer dose applied (40 t ha-1).In relative terms, i.e., total exported in relation to total extracted of the aerial part, phosphorus is the most exported nutrient in the pods, at an average of 58%, followed by N (55%), K (43%), Mg (40%), S (38%), and Ca (17%). Although a large amount of Ca accumulation (31.3 kg ha-1) was verified at the highest dose, only 13% of it was exported by the pods. Chicken manure fertilizer supplies the essential nutrients and increases pod yield from 7.2 to 16.3 t ha-1, when comparing between no fertilization and the highest chicken manure fertilizer dose. The cultural residues of snap beans are an important source of Ca and Mg, with the following nutrient amounts (kg ha-1) N (51.4); P (5.1);K (27.6); Ca (27.1); Mg (8.2); and S (5.1) being obtained at the highest chicken manure fertilizer dose applied (40 t ha-1), and which can return to soil through incorporation by the plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929105
title: Thermal thresholds for the germination of conidia of Exserohilum turcicum

description: ABSTRACT Corn (Zea mays L.) is cultivated throughout Brazil and presents great economic importance. Among the diseases that cause reduction in its productivity is helmintosporiosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the conidial germination of the pathogen that causes helmintosporiosis, Exserohilum turcicum, in different temperatures and under different light regimes, to determine lower and upper temperature thresholds and optimum temperature for germination. The temperatures evaluated were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C, with exposure times of 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. After each exposure time, the number of germinated conidia and germinative tube length were determined. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. For conidia of E. turcicum subjected to continuous light, it was found that most conidia germination occurred at the temperature of 23.3 °C for 3-h exposure; at 22.3 °C for 6 h; at 21.8 °C for 9 h; and at 21.7 °C for 12 h. For continuous darkness, the higher germination was observed in the temperature 24.0 °C for an exposure time of 3 h; at 22.5 °C for 6 h, at 21.8 °C for 9 h; in 21 7 °C for 12 h. Exserohilum turcicum spores germinated in a temperature range of 0 to 40 °C, the optimum temperature being 23 °C. The dark regime favored the germination of E. turcicum spores.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929104
title: Physiological indices of irrigated rice affected by flooding and nitrogen fertilization

description: ABSTRACT The management of water and nitrogen are among the necessary actions to achieve high yield potential in irrigated agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of time of the beginning of flood and N topdressing, in the development stages from V3 - V4 until V12 - V13, on physiological characteristics positively related to grain yield of irrigated rice cultivar BRS Jaçanã in a tropical wetland. A field experiment was conducted at Palmital farm of Embrapa Rice and Beans, Goianira, GO, Brazil, in a Dystrophic Haplic Gleysol, for two consecutive years. The experimental design was completely randomized with six replications arranged in a split-plot scheme. The main plots were comprised by the times of the beginning of flood and subplots by the times of N topdressing of 90 kg ha-1. For both factors, the times were set as 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after emergence, which corresponded to the vegetative development stages V3 - V4, V6 - V7, V9 (VF-4) - V10 (VF-3), and V12 (VF-1) - V13 (VF). As flood delays, tillering, leaf area ratio, and specific leaf area increase and shoot biomass, leaf area index, and leaf area duration decrease. Late N fertilization timing also provides decrease in these physiological indices. Delay in flooding and N fertilization reduced more leaf area than rice grain yield, resulting in higher leaf area efficiency. Nitrogen topdressing performed at the beginning of tillering and continuous flooding at the middle tillering stage result in increased physiological indices, such as leaf area ratio, leaf area index, and leaf area duration, which provide increase in irrigated rice grain yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929107.v1
title: Soil microbial activity and hairy beggarticks’ germination after application of crude glycerin

description: ABSTRACT Biodiesel stands out as an alternative for petroleum-based products, but its production generates a large amount of by-products. This study was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Campus Machado, with the objective of evaluating the impacts of the disposal of crude glycerin on agricultural soil and its microbial activity as well as in plant development. An experiment with a completely randomized design, five treatments, and five replicates was developed in the laboratory to analyze microbial activity. Soil samples of 100 g were incubated for 36 days with concentrations of crude glycerin, namely: 0; 48.7; 146.1; 292.2 L ha-1. Besides these four treatments, flasks without soil and glycerin have composed one more treatment. During this period, the CO2 volume released in each sample was evaluated 11 times. Another experiment was developed in the laboratory with hairy beggarticks’ achenes to evaluate crude glycerin effects on plant development. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with five replicates, the same glycerin concentrations, and two glycerin sources (laboratory and biodiesel plant-unit). Crude glycerin stimulated soil microbial activity for doses of up to 143.83 L ha-1, being a positive indicative for future studies on its application to agricultural soils. Glycerin applications reduced the hairy beggarticks’ root protrusion, even at the lowest doses. Residues have Na+ contents that limit their application in agricultural soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929107
title: Soil microbial activity and hairy beggarticks’ germination after application of crude glycerin

description: ABSTRACT Biodiesel stands out as an alternative for petroleum-based products, but its production generates a large amount of by-products. This study was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Campus Machado, with the objective of evaluating the impacts of the disposal of crude glycerin on agricultural soil and its microbial activity as well as in plant development. An experiment with a completely randomized design, five treatments, and five replicates was developed in the laboratory to analyze microbial activity. Soil samples of 100 g were incubated for 36 days with concentrations of crude glycerin, namely: 0; 48.7; 146.1; 292.2 L ha-1. Besides these four treatments, flasks without soil and glycerin have composed one more treatment. During this period, the CO2 volume released in each sample was evaluated 11 times. Another experiment was developed in the laboratory with hairy beggarticks’ achenes to evaluate crude glycerin effects on plant development. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with five replicates, the same glycerin concentrations, and two glycerin sources (laboratory and biodiesel plant-unit). Crude glycerin stimulated soil microbial activity for doses of up to 143.83 L ha-1, being a positive indicative for future studies on its application to agricultural soils. Glycerin applications reduced the hairy beggarticks’ root protrusion, even at the lowest doses. Residues have Na+ contents that limit their application in agricultural soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929108
title: Patterns of gall infestation in Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A. Juss. in a forest-savannah ecotone

description: ABSTRACT Galls are the result of a specific interaction between an inducer and a host plant. The species Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A. Juss. occurs in abundance in semideciduous seasonal forest ecotones and adjacent open formations. In the ecological reserve Quedas do Rio Bonito, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, this species is affected by a single gall morphotype. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the structural complexity of the host (test of the structural complexity hypothesis) and the distance between hosts (test of the resource concentration hypothesis) affect gall density in H. byrsonimifolia and to characterize the spatial distribution of the infestation. The results corroborate the two hypotheses tested, suggesting a metapopulation pattern of gall infestation in H. byrsonimifolia. Gallers were more successful in abrupt forest-savannah transition environments, which may be associated with greater stress-induced host vulnerability that plants usually experience in ecotones.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929108.v1
title: Patterns of gall infestation in Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A. Juss. in a forest-savannah ecotone

description: ABSTRACT Galls are the result of a specific interaction between an inducer and a host plant. The species Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A. Juss. occurs in abundance in semideciduous seasonal forest ecotones and adjacent open formations. In the ecological reserve Quedas do Rio Bonito, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, this species is affected by a single gall morphotype. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the structural complexity of the host (test of the structural complexity hypothesis) and the distance between hosts (test of the resource concentration hypothesis) affect gall density in H. byrsonimifolia and to characterize the spatial distribution of the infestation. The results corroborate the two hypotheses tested, suggesting a metapopulation pattern of gall infestation in H. byrsonimifolia. Gallers were more successful in abrupt forest-savannah transition environments, which may be associated with greater stress-induced host vulnerability that plants usually experience in ecotones.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929111.v1
title: Environment-specific selection to identify high yielding wheat genotypes and response to fungicide application

description: ABSTRACT Selection of disease resistant genotypes is the main goal of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. However, because of the lack of genotypes resistant to all diseases and the strong influence of the environment on the level of resistance of the genotypes, the use of fungicides is necessary in the cultivation of wheat. The objective of this study was to compare the gain in yield and the selection efficiency of wheat genotypes due to the fungicide application in trials carried out in different sites and years. This study used grain yield data from 816 wheat genotypes evaluated in 248 advanced trials at eight sites during the years from 2004 to 2012. The gain resulting from fungicide application for a given genotype was estimated by the difference between yield of plots on which fungicide was applied and control treatment. The greatest gains with fungicide application were observed in sites with lower average temperatures and higher rainfall indices, such as Campo Mourão, Castro, Não-Me-Toque and Guarapuava. On the other hand, the lowest gains with fungicide application occurred in Dourados and Palotina, environments where crops in general suffer water stress and present higher average temperatures. The year effect resulted in yield increases due to fungicide application ranging from 16.9 to 60.7%. The selection and evaluation of the response to the application of fungicide in wheat should be environment-specific to maximize the use of genotype x environment interaction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929111
title: Environment-specific selection to identify high yielding wheat genotypes and response to fungicide application

description: ABSTRACT Selection of disease resistant genotypes is the main goal of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. However, because of the lack of genotypes resistant to all diseases and the strong influence of the environment on the level of resistance of the genotypes, the use of fungicides is necessary in the cultivation of wheat. The objective of this study was to compare the gain in yield and the selection efficiency of wheat genotypes due to the fungicide application in trials carried out in different sites and years. This study used grain yield data from 816 wheat genotypes evaluated in 248 advanced trials at eight sites during the years from 2004 to 2012. The gain resulting from fungicide application for a given genotype was estimated by the difference between yield of plots on which fungicide was applied and control treatment. The greatest gains with fungicide application were observed in sites with lower average temperatures and higher rainfall indices, such as Campo Mourão, Castro, Não-Me-Toque and Guarapuava. On the other hand, the lowest gains with fungicide application occurred in Dourados and Palotina, environments where crops in general suffer water stress and present higher average temperatures. The year effect resulted in yield increases due to fungicide application ranging from 16.9 to 60.7%. The selection and evaluation of the response to the application of fungicide in wheat should be environment-specific to maximize the use of genotype x environment interaction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929114
title: Inoculum production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to soils under different forest covers

description: ABSTRACT The low natural fertility of Brazilian soils requires the use of inoculants that facilitate the absorption of nutrients by plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi such as obligatory biotrophics of active roots perform this function, but access to this resource is limited by the difficulty in producing inoculants. The objective of this study was to investigate the production of AMF inoculants native of soils under different forest covers in Vitória da Conquista, BA, by means of spore quantification, colonization rate and species identification. For this purpose, soils were collected from sites under Mata Nativa (native forest) and plantations of Madeira Nova (Pterogyne nitens) and Eucalyptus, placed into separate 500 mL disposable cups with seeds of Brachiaria sp. and cultivated for five months. Spores were quantified and the AMF species identified in the control soil (without brachiaria) and in the cups cultivated with brachiaria at each month. From the first month, the colonization rate of brachiaria roots was evaluated. The inoculants produced showed differences in the number of spores and species, in the AMF species identified, and in the root colonization rate as a function of the forest cover. Thus, considering the increase in the number of spores, species and colonization over time, the inoculant produced from the soil under native forest was more promising for utilization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929114.v1
title: Inoculum production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to soils under different forest covers

description: ABSTRACT The low natural fertility of Brazilian soils requires the use of inoculants that facilitate the absorption of nutrients by plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi such as obligatory biotrophics of active roots perform this function, but access to this resource is limited by the difficulty in producing inoculants. The objective of this study was to investigate the production of AMF inoculants native of soils under different forest covers in Vitória da Conquista, BA, by means of spore quantification, colonization rate and species identification. For this purpose, soils were collected from sites under Mata Nativa (native forest) and plantations of Madeira Nova (Pterogyne nitens) and Eucalyptus, placed into separate 500 mL disposable cups with seeds of Brachiaria sp. and cultivated for five months. Spores were quantified and the AMF species identified in the control soil (without brachiaria) and in the cups cultivated with brachiaria at each month. From the first month, the colonization rate of brachiaria roots was evaluated. The inoculants produced showed differences in the number of spores and species, in the AMF species identified, and in the root colonization rate as a function of the forest cover. Thus, considering the increase in the number of spores, species and colonization over time, the inoculant produced from the soil under native forest was more promising for utilization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929116
title: Production and commercial quality of lettuce fertirrigated with nitrogen and potassium in greenhouse

description: ABSTRACT Organic fertilization can provide most of the nutrients needed to grow lettuce crop. However, the rate of nutrient mineralization may be limiting to absorption, once complementary forms of fertilization with soluble fertilizers can be used, such as fertirrigation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the drip fertirrigation with nitrogen and potassium with organic fertilization in the production and commercial quality of the Vera lettuce cultivated in greenhouse. The cultivation period used for the experiment was between August and October 2012 (winter and spring; 67 days). The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications, in which ten treatments were evaluated, with nine of them formed by the Plan Puebla III matrix, that is, from the combination among five N (9, 54, 90, 126, and 171 kg ha-1) and five K doses (1.15, 6.90, 11.50, 16.10, and 21.85 kg ha-1), applied in topdressing, and one of them as control, which did not receive fertirrigation. The best answer to the shoot commercial fresh mass took place with the maximum dose of Si and K2O and in the zero dose of N. The commercial leaf number per plant showed their higher values in the maximum doses of N and Si and K2O. The shoot noncommercial fresh mass increment, both with the increase in N doses and with the increase in Si and K2O doses, did not harm the commercial quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929116.v1
title: Production and commercial quality of lettuce fertirrigated with nitrogen and potassium in greenhouse

description: ABSTRACT Organic fertilization can provide most of the nutrients needed to grow lettuce crop. However, the rate of nutrient mineralization may be limiting to absorption, once complementary forms of fertilization with soluble fertilizers can be used, such as fertirrigation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the drip fertirrigation with nitrogen and potassium with organic fertilization in the production and commercial quality of the Vera lettuce cultivated in greenhouse. The cultivation period used for the experiment was between August and October 2012 (winter and spring; 67 days). The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications, in which ten treatments were evaluated, with nine of them formed by the Plan Puebla III matrix, that is, from the combination among five N (9, 54, 90, 126, and 171 kg ha-1) and five K doses (1.15, 6.90, 11.50, 16.10, and 21.85 kg ha-1), applied in topdressing, and one of them as control, which did not receive fertirrigation. The best answer to the shoot commercial fresh mass took place with the maximum dose of Si and K2O and in the zero dose of N. The commercial leaf number per plant showed their higher values in the maximum doses of N and Si and K2O. The shoot noncommercial fresh mass increment, both with the increase in N doses and with the increase in Si and K2O doses, did not harm the commercial quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929117.v1
title: Technical and economic efficiency indicators of corn grown in no-tillage system in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic efficiency indicators of the production of corn in three management variations in no-tillage system (tillage, with mineral fertilization - PDM; tillage, with organic fertilizing - PDO; and integrated crop-livestock - PDI) and their relationship with physical and chemical attributes of the soil. The study was conducted in corn crops located in seven cities in the state of Santa Catarina, determining the cost of production and the technical and economic indicators of culture. In each selected crop, composite samples were collected, in three equidistant points, for the evaluation of chemical and physical attributes of the soil at a depth of 0-10 cm. The data were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. The results indicate that the PDM system presents the highest production costs, while the PDO offers the best economic results and productive efficiency. No significant effects were observed in the different managements in no-tillage systems on soil chemical and physical attributes. However, multivariate analysis made possible to show, more broadly, relations among the variables studied and different management in no-tillage systems.