DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2025.77
title: Flavonoid derivatives and their activities for cancer prevention

description: Cancer remains a major global health challenge, driving the search for effective, low-toxicity preventive solutions. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive potential of flavonoid and flavonoid containing plants, including CMT-Quercetin, CMT-Rutin, Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro, and G1 mushroom as well as bamboo extract stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for cancer prevention. The findings support their potential use in functional food supplements for cancer prevention. The study commenced with the quantitative analysis of Cell Matrix Technology (CMT)-conjugated flavonoid derivatives. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS assays) were determined. Further, molecular weight and chemical functional groups were characterized by LC-MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Subsequently, green synthesis methods were employed for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Quercetin (QT-AuNPs) and bamboo extract (BE-AuNPs), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) with a flower-like hierarchical structure using bamboo extract. These nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, and EDAX. Their biological activities were rigorously assessed through various in vitro assays: antibacterial activity (MIC/MBC against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), wound healing and cell migration assays using L929 fibroblast cells, and anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and L929 normal cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory potential of flavonoid derivatives was evaluated by Western blot analysis of COX-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α expression in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Results demonstrated that commercially available flavonoid derivatives, particularly Quercetin and Rutin, exhibit slightly superior phenolic/flavonoid content, antioxidant capability, with their structural integrity confirmed by LC-MS and FTIR. In antibacterial assays, CMT-Quercetin, CMT-Rutin and G1 mushroom extract showed strong bacteriostatic effects against E. coli. CMT-Rutin significantly enhanced L929 fibroblast migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating potent wound healing potential, followed by CMT-Quercetin. Western blot analysis revealed that CMT-Colon cancer formulation dramatically suppressed COX-2, NF-κB and TNF-α expression in Caco-2 cells, highlighting its robust anti-inflammatory properties, while CMT-Quercetin and CMT-Rutin displayed complex dose-dependent modulatory effects on inflammatory markers. Green-synthesized QT-AuNPs showed spherical morphology, crystalline FCC structure, catalytic efficiency in 4-nitrophenol reduction, and enhanced antibacterial activity. BE-AuNPs were successfully synthesized, exhibiting stability and significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells, inducing apoptosis without notable effects on normal L929 cells. Finally, the green-synthesized flower-like CuONPs demonstrated excellent photocatalytic degradation of MB dye and significant antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus.This study confirms the potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anticancer properties of CMT-flavonoids. It also validates the efficacy of green synthesis for producing highly active gold and copper oxide nanoparticles with promising catalytic and antimicrobial applications. These findings provided a robust scientific foundation for the development of novel, plant-based functional food supplements and therapeutic agents for cancer prevention and related health conditions.