cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pk74
title: Food discovery is associated with different reliance on social learning and lower cognitive flexibility across environments in a food caching bird

description: Social learning is a primary mechanism for information acquisition in
 social species. Despite many benefits, social learning may be
 disadvantageous when independent learning is more efficient. For example,
 searching independently may be more advantageous when food sources are
 ephemeral and unpredictable. Individual differences in cognitive abilities
 such as spatial memory, which affect an individual’s environmental
 predictability, can also be expected to influence social information use.
 We investigated how resident food-caching chickadees discovered multiple
 novel food sources in both harsher, less predictable high elevation and
 milder, more predictable low elevation winter environments. Chickadees at
 high elevation were faster at discovering multiple novel food sources and
 discovered more food sources than birds at low elevation. Using
 network-based diffusion analyses, we found that while birds at both
 elevations used social information, the contribution of social learning to
 novel food discovery was significantly lower at high elevation. At both
 elevations, chickadees with better spatial cognitive flexibility were
 slower at discovering novel food sources, likely because spatial cognitive
 flexibility allows better tracking of changing information about food
 sources, making the environment more predictable. Overall, our study
 supported the prediction that harsh and unpredictable environments should
 favor less reliance on social learning.
description: See README.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zs7h44j7q
title: Supplemental data for: Development and validation of a polygenic risk score for stroke in the Chinese population

description: Objective: To construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) for stroke and
 evaluate its utility in risk stratification and primary prevention for
 stroke.   Methods: Using meta-analytic approach and large
 genome-wide association results for stroke and stroke-related traits in
 East Asians, we generated a combined PRS (metaPRS) by incorporating 534
 genetic variants in a training set of 2,872 patients with stroke and 2,494
 controls. We then validated its association with incident stroke using Cox
 regression models in large Chinese population-based prospective cohorts
 comprising 41,006 individuals.   Results: During a total of
 367,750 person-years (mean follow-up 9.0 years), 1,227 participants
 developed stroke before age of 80 years. Individuals with high polygenic
 risk had an about 2-fold higher risk of incident stroke compared with
 those with low polygenic risk (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.66-2.38), with the
 lifetime risk of stroke being 25.2% (95% CI: 22.5%-27.7%) and 13.6% (95%
 CI: 11.6%-15.5%), respectively. Individuals with both high polygenic risk
 and family history displayed the lifetime risk as high as 41.1% (95% CI:
 31.4%-49.5%). Moreover, individuals with high polygenic risk achieved
 greater benefits in terms of absolute risk reductions from adherence to
 ideal fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol than those with low
 polygenic risk. Maintaining favorable cardiovascular health (CVH) profile
 could substantially mitigate the increased risk conferred by high
 polygenic risk to the level of the low polygenic risk (from 34.6 % to
 13.2%).   Conclusions: Our metaPRS has great potential for risk
 stratification of stroke and identification of individuals who may benefit
 more from maintaining ideal CVH.    Classification of
 Evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that a meta-polygenic risk
 score is predictive of stroke risk.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7uwnh3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 47 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-5000.0",
 "TaxonKey is Euryale ferox"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 47 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002805-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzsds
title: Beta redundancy for functional ecology

description: Functional beta redundancy has been recently defined as the fraction of
 species dissimilarity between two plots not expressed by functional
 dissimilarity. As such, it summarizes to what degree the compositional
 differences between two plots mirror their functional differences. A
 fundamental condition to obtain an appropriate measure of functional beta
 redundancy is that the functional dissimilarity between the plots is
 always lower (or at least not higher) than the corresponding species
 dissimilarity. However, many of the extant measures of functional
 dissimilarity do not fulfill this requirement. To overcome this problem, a
 class of tree-based indices of functional dissimilarity that conform to
 the above ‘redundancy property’ has been recently proposed. However,
 functional dissimilarity measures need not necessarily be based on a
 hierarchical representation of the species functional relationships. In
 this paper, we introduce an algorithmic index of functional dissimilarity
 that conforms to the redundancy property. Since it does not rely on a
 hierarchical species organization, the proposed index allows to calculate
 functional beta redundancy in a more suitable way to the non-hierarchical
 structure of the species functional relationships. The behavior of the
 proposed measure is illustrated with data on the species functional
 turnover along real and simulated ecological gradients.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d2547d82b
title: Processed GPS tracks for breeding Herring Gulls from four colonies in the eastern Gulf of Maine, Canada

description: Opportunist gulls use anthropogenic food subsidies, which can bolster
 populations, but negatively influence sensitive local ecosystems and areas
 of human settlement. In the eastern Gulf of Maine, Canada, breeding
 herring gulls Larus argentatus have access to resources from aquaculture,
 fisheries, and mink farms, but the relative influence of industry on local
 gull populations is unknown. In 2014, 2015, and 2019, we acquired and
 processed tracking data from GPS devices on 39 incubating herring gulls at
 four colonies with access to resources within the Canadian portion of the
 eastern Gulf of Maine marine and watershed ecosystem: three island
 colonies in Nova Scotia: Bon Portage (43.47°N, 65.75°W), Whitehead
 (43.66°N, 65.87°W), Brier (44.26°N, 66.38°W), and one island colony in New
 Brunswick: Kent (44.58°N, 66.76°W). The data in this repository were
 processed according to the methods provided in the article indicate below,
 and were used to address three main objectives (a) assess use of natural
 and anthropogenic habitats by herring gulls from multiple colonies, (b)
 evaluate variation among colonies in use of distinct resource types within
 these habitats, and (c) highlight areas of high gull:industry interaction.
 The results are published in the journal Wildlife Biology (doi:
 10.2981/wlb.00804).
description: See README.txt file and methods in Gutowsky et al. (2021) The
 influence of multiple industries on the behaviour of breeding gulls from
 four colonies across the eastern Gulf of Maine, Canada. Wildlife
 Biology. doi: 10.2981/wlb.00804.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.18931zcwq
title: Individual-level leaf trait variation and correlation across biological and spatial scales

description: Even with increasing interest in the ecological importance of
 intraspecific trait variation (ITV) for better understanding ecological
 processes, few studies have quantified ITV in seedlings and assessed
 constraints imposed by trade-offs and correlations among individual-level
 leaf traits. Estimating the amount and role of ITV in seedlings is
 important to understand tree recruitment and long-term forest dynamics. We
 measured ten different size, economic, and whole leaf traits (lamina and
 petiole) for more than 2800 seedlings (height ≥ 10 cm and diameter at
 breast height &lt; 1 cm) in 283 seedling plots, and then quantified
 the amount of ITV and trait correlations across two biological
 (intraspecific and interspecific) and spatial (within and among plots)
 scales. Finally, we explored the effects of trait variance and sample size
 on the strength of trait correlations. We found about 40% (6~63%)
 variation in leaf-level traits was explained by ITV across all traits.
 Lamina and petiole traits were correlated across biological and spatial
 scales, whereas leaf size traits (e.g., lamina area) were weakly
 correlated with economics traits (e.g., specific lamina area); lamina mass
 ratio was strongly related to the petiole length. Trait correlations
 varied among species, plots, and different scales but there was no
 evidence that the strength of trait relationships was stronger at broader
 than finer biological and spatial scales. While larger trait variance
 increased the strength of correlations, the sample size was the most
 important factor that was negatively related to the strength of trait
 correlations. Our results showed that a large amount of trait variation
 was explained by ITV, which highlighted the importance of considering ITV
 when using trait-based approaches in seedling ecology. In addition, sample
 size was an important factor that influenced the strength of trait
 correlations, which suggests that comparing trait correlations across
 studies should consider the differences in sample size.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9gpp
title: Low reproductive success of the endangered Iberá Seedeater in its only known breeding site, the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina

description: Subtropical grasslands are highly susceptible to habitat conversion and
 number among South America’s most threatened ecosystems. The grasslands of
 northeastern Argentina have been identified as a priority conservation
 area for threatened capuchino seedeaters because they constitute the main
 breeding area of these migratory birds. The Iberá Seedeater (Sporophila
 iberaensis) is a newly described species in the Iberá Wetlands in
 Argentina whose biology is still poorly understood. The endangered species
 inhabits grasslands, but has only been reported to breed in the Iberá
 Wetlands ecoregion of northeastern Argentina. To explore the species’
 association with grassland vegetation, we studied the breeding biology
 (clutch size, hatching success, and fledgling production) of the Iberá
 Seedeater and the main parameters that influence nest survival and nest
 site selection. We conducted nest searches and banded adults and nestlings
 in Iberá National Park during the breeding seasons of 2016-2018. The
 breeding season of the Iberá Seedeater was highly synchronous and the
 cumulative probability of nest survival was 0.16. The daily nest survival
 rate decreased as the breeding season advanced, survival was lower for
 nests supported by Rhynchospora corymbosa than Paspalum durifolium, the
 two main nest substrates, and the main causes of nest failure were nest
 predation and strong winds. Additionally, the population exhibited
 male-biased site fidelity and a low female return rate. In contrast to
 other capuchinos, whose breeding biology is associated with upland
 grasslands, the Iberá Seedeater nested exclusively in flooded lowland
 grasslands on marsh plants. Thus, effective lowland grassland management
 is key to maintain the vegetation structure required for reproduction in
 the Iberá Seedeater.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj6vm
title: Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in Drosophila subobscura

description: Ectotherms can respond to global warming via evolutionary change of their
 upper thermal limits (CTmax). Thus, the estimation of CTmax and its
 evolutionary potential is crucial to determine their vulnerability to
 global warming. However, CTmax estimations depend on the thermal stress
 intensity, and it is not completely clear whether its evolutionary
 capacity can be affected. Here, we performed an artificial selection
 experiment to increase heat tolerance using fast- and slow-ramping
 selection protocols in Drosophila subobscura. We found that heat tolerance
 evolved in both selection protocols, exhibiting similar evolutionary
 change rates and realized heritabilities. Additionally, we estimated the
 thermal performance curves (TPC) to evaluate correlated responses in TPC.
 We detected that thermal optimum increased in fast-ramping selection
 lines, but with a cost at the thermal performance breadth. Whereas, TPC
 changes were not detected in the slow-ramping selection lines, indicating
 that thermal stress intensity has important effects on the evolution of
 thermal physiology of ectotherms. These findings, together with previous
 studies in D. subobscura reporting interpopulation variability and
 significant heritabilities for heat tolerance, suggest that evolutionary
 change can contribute to insect persistence in thermally changing
 environments and adaptation to global warming conditions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.brv15dv8s
title: Supplemental Tables for Heal et al: Marine community metabolomes carry fingerprints of phytoplankton community composition

description: Phytoplankton transform inorganic carbon into thousands of biomolecules
 that represent an important pool of fixed carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in
 the surface ocean. Metabolite production differs between phytoplankton,
 and the flux of these molecules through the microbial food web depends on
 compound-specific bioavailability to members of a wider microbial
 community. Yet relatively little is known about the diversity or
 concentration of metabolites within marine plankton. Here we compare 313
 polar metabolites in 21 cultured phytoplankton species and in natural
 planktonic communities across environmental gradients to show that bulk
 community metabolomes reflect chemical composition of the phytoplankton
 community. We also show that groups of compounds have similar patterns
 across space and taxonomy suggesting that the concentrations of these
 compounds in the environment are controlled by similar sources and sinks.
 We quantify several compounds in the surface ocean that represent
 substantial understudied pools of labile carbon. For example, the
 N-containing metabolite homarine was up to 3% of particulate carbon and is
 produced in high concentrations by cultured Synechococcus, and
 S-containing gonyol accumulated up to 2.5 nM in surface particles and
 likely originates from dinoflagellates or haptophytes. Our results show
 that phytoplankton composition directly shapes the carbon composition of
 the surface ocean. Our findings suggest that in order to access these
 pools of bioavailable carbon, the wider microbial community must be
 adapted to phytoplankton community composition.
description: All methods for data collection, generation and data processing
 are found with associated preprint Heal et al "Marine community
 metabolomes carry fingerprints of phytoplankton community
 composition" on bioRxiv (doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.22.424086).
description: These data are supplemental tables 4-11 associated with the
 preprint for Heal et al "Marine community metabolomes carry
 fingerprints of phytoplankton community composition" on bioRxiv (doi:
 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.22.424086), as described in the preprint
 and below.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3tx9648
title: Data from: The evolution of egg shape in birds: Evolutionary constraints and adaptations

description: Using accurate measures of size and shape, we studied the eggs of 955
 extant species across the avian phylogeny, including 39 of the 40 orders,
 and 78% of the 249 families. We show that the elongation component of egg
 shape is largely the result of constraints imposed by the female’s anatomy
 during egg formation, whereas asymmetry is mainly an adaptation to
 conditions during the incubation period. Thus, egg elongation is related
 to the size of the egg in relation to the size of the female’s oviduct and
 also to either the shape of her pelvis or general body conformation
 associated with her mode of locomotion. Egg asymmetry is related mainly to
 clutch size and the structure of the incubation site, factors that
 influence thermal efficiency during incubation and the risk of breakage.
 Importantly, general patterns across the phylogeny do not always reflect
 the trends within families and orders. We argue that the analysis of avian
 egg shape is most profitably conducted within taxa where all species share
 similar life histories and ecologies, as there is no single factor that
 influences egg shape in the same way in all birds.
description: Data from field and museum studies, as well as from published
 images and datasets.
DOI: 10.6078/d18d99
title: Data from: Jump takeoff in a small jumping spider

description: Jumping in animals presents an interesting locomotory strategy as it
 requires the generation of large forces and accurate timing. Jumping in
 arachnids is further complicated by their semi-hydraulic locomotion
 system. Among arachnids, jumping spiders (Family Salticidae) are agile and
 dexterous jumpers. However, less is known about jumping in small salticid
 species. Here we used Habronattus conjunctus, a small jumping spider (body
 length ~4.5 mm) to examine its jumping performance and compare it to that
 of other jumping spiders and insects. We also explored how legs are used
 during the takeoff phase of jumps. Jumps were staged between two raised
 platforms. We analyzed jumping videos with DeepLabCut to track 21 points
 on the cephalothorax, abdomen, and legs. By analyzing leg liftoff and
 extension patterns, we found evidence that H. conjunctus primarily uses
 the third legs to power jumps. We also found that H. conjunctus jumps
 achieve lower takeoff speeds and accelerations than most other jumping
 arthropods, including other jumping spiders. H. conjunctus takeoff time
 was similar to other jumping arthropods of the same body mass. We discuss
 the mechanical benefits and drawbacks of a semi-hydraulic system of
 locomotion and consider how small spiders may extract dexterous jumps from
 this system.
description: These data were collected by tracking the trajectories of spiders
 (<em>Habroanttus conjunctus)</em> jumping. We used DeepLabCut
 to track the trajectories. We used Matlab to extract the relevant angles
 and kinematic variables that are included here.
description: These files contain the data necessary to generate the figures in
 the paper. We did not include the dataset for other species used in the
 meta-analysis. This can be obtained from the supplementary data of Nabawy
 et al 2018.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8b3
title: Data from: The sensitivity of Neotoma to climate change and biodiversity loss over the late Quaternary

description: The late Quaternary was a time of considerable environmental change in
 North America. Not only was climate highly variable, but a megafaunal
 extinction at the terminal Pleistocene led to considerable loss of
 biodiversity. These combined perturbations likely had cascading effects
 across communities and ecosystems. Here, we focus on a detailed fossil
 record on the Edwards Plateau in Texas and the response
 of Neotoma, a genus of herbivorous rodents, to these
 environmental and ecological perturbations. We characterized changes
 in Neotoma body mass and diet across the past 20,000
 years; body mass was estimated using measurements of fossil teeth and diet
 quantified using stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope
 from fossil bone collagen. We found that prior to ~7,000 cal yr BP,
 maximum mass was positively and significantly correlated to precipitation
 and negatively correlated to temperature. Independently, body mass was
 significantly and negatively correlated to communtiy composition becoming
 more similar to modern over time. Moreover,
 while Neotoma diet in the Pleistocene was primarily
 sourced from C3 resources, it became progressively more reliant
 on C4 (and potentially CAM) plants through the Holocene. The
 combination of decreasing population body mass and higher C4/CAM
 consumption was associated with a regional transition from a mesic forest
 to a xeric savanna grassland. Our results suggest
 that Neotoma during the terminal Pleistocene were
 responding to climatic factors through changes in body size, while changes
 in local resource availability during the Holocene likely led to changes
 in the relative abundance of different Neotoma species in the
 community.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9dx
title: Habitat alteration modifies the structure and function of mixed species flocks in an Andean landscape

description: Understanding the responses of species interactions to land-use change is
 a key challenge in ecology and conservation. In the tropical Andes, a
 large proportion of birds interact with other bird species and create
 networks of mixed species flocks; however, the widespread effects of
 land-use change in the region raise concerns about the alteration of these
 interactions. Here we explored how structural (i.e., species
 richness and size) and functional (i.e., network connectivity indices)
 parameters of mixed flocks change along a gradient from open vegetation to
 native forest habitats. This study was conducted in the southern Andes of
 Ecuador, where we sampled mixed species flocks in 12 areas for five
 consecutive months, and applied network analysis tools
 to characterize structural parameters (observed richness, flock size,
 flock encounter rate, composition) and functional parameters (degree,
 weighted degree, cluster, and skewness) of flocks. We found that the
 network indices, degree and weighted degree of species, were positively
 associated with areas of dense vegetation and native trees. These two
 network indices indicated that mixed flocks occupying native forest have
 higher connectivity, a factor that can promote the stability of flocks.
 The structural parameters of flocks, species richness and abundance, were
 not associated to the vegetation structure. Overall, our results show that
 functional parameters of flocks can be more sensitive than structural
 parameters to the effects of land-use change in our study area. We
 demonstrate the importance of combining the analysis of structure and
 functionality of flocks to reveal the effects of land-use change. Lastly,
 our results highlight the importance of mature native forest for the
 conservation of species and the maintenance of non-trophic
 interactions.