DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz
title: Data from: Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances

description: Aim: Understand the interplay between resistance and recovery on coral
 reefs, and investigate dependence on pre- and post-disturbance states, to
 inform generalisable reef resilience theory across large spatial and
 temporal scales. Location: Tropical coral reefs globally. Time period:
 1966 to 2017. Major taxa studied: Scleratinian hard corals. Methods: We
 conducted a literature search to compile a global dataset of total coral
 cover before and after acute storms, temperature stress, and coastal
 runoff from flooding events. We used meta-regression to identify variables
 that explained significant variation in disturbance impact, including
 disturbance type, year, depth, and pre-disturbance coral cover. We further
 investigated the influence of these same variables, as well as
 post-disturbance coral cover and disturbance impact, on recovery rate. We
 examined the shape of recovery, assigning qualitatively distinct,
 ecologically relevant, population growth trajectories: linear, logistic,
 logarithmic (decelerating), and a second-order quadratic (accelerating).
 Results: We analysed 427 disturbance impacts and 117 recovery
 trajectories. Accelerating and logistic were the most common recovery
 shapes, underscoring non-linearities and recovery lags. A complex but
 meaningful relationship between the state of a reef pre- and
 post-disturbance, disturbance impact magnitude, and recovery rate was
 identified. Fastest recovery rates were predicted for intermediate to
 large disturbance impacts, but a decline in this rate was predicted when
 more than ~75% of pre-disturbance cover was lost. We identified a shifting
 baseline, with declines in both pre-and post-disturbance coral cover over
 the 50 year study period. Main conclusions: We breakdown the complexities
 of coral resilience, showing interplay between resistance and recovery, as
 well as dependence on both pre- and post-disturbance states, alongside
 documenting a chronic decline in these states. This has implications for
 predicting coral reef futures and implementing actions to enhance
 resilience.
description: The dataset provides a summary of all studies included in the
 analysis and the key statistics obtained from the studies and used in the
 analyses for the manuscript entitled "Coral reef state influences
 resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in
 Global Ecology and Biogeography. The dataset includes details about the
 publication, spatial identifiers (e.g. realm, province, ecoregion) unique
 site code, information on the disturbance type and timing, the pre-and
 post-disturbance coral cover, the 5-year annual recovery rate, the
 recovery shape and recovery completeness classifications.
 Please see details Methods in the journal article "Coral
 reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated
 disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and
 Biogeography.
description: # Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated
 disturbances\_Table S1
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz) The dataset provides a summary of all publications included in the analysis for this study and the key statistics obtained from the studies and used in the analyses. The dataset includes details about the publication, spatial identifiers (e.g. realm, province, ecoregion) unique site code, information on the disturbance type and timing, the pre-and post-disturbance coral cover, the 5-year annual recovery rate, the recovery shape and recovery completeness classifications. Please see details Methods in the journal article "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography. ## Description of the data and file structure Each column provides the following information: | Column | Detail | | ------ | ------ | | Realm | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Province | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Ecoregion | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Unique study identifier | Unique identifiers for the lowest sampling unit in the dataset. In cases where there were data for different regions, reefs, islands/atolls, sites, reef zones, depths, and/or multiple disturbances within a publication or time-series, data from these publications were divided into separate ‘studies’. | | Publication/Dataset | Unique identifiers for the publication or dataset (generally the surname of the first author followed by the year of publication). | | Publication title | Title of the publication or dataset from which the data were sourced. | | Publication year | Year the publication from the which the data were sourced was published. | | Country/Territory | Name of the country or location from which the data came. | | Site latitude | Latitude of the study site from where the data came. | | Site longitude | Longitude of the study site from where the data came. | | Disturbance type | Classification of disturbance: Temperature stress, Cyclone/ severe storm, Runoff or Multiple. | | Disturbance.year | Year of the disturbance. | | Mean coral cover pre-disturbance | Pre-disturbance coral cover as extracted from the publication or dataset as the closest data point prior to disturbance. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Mean coral cover post-disturbance | Post-disturbance coral cover as extracted from the publication or dataset as the closest data point prior to disturbance. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Impact (lnRR) | Impact measure: the log response ratio of pre- to post-disturbance percentage coral cover. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Time-averaged recovery rate | Recovery rate as percentage coral cover per year in the approximate 5-year time window following disturbance. See main Methods text in manuscript for more detail. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in the calculation of recovery rate. | | Recovery shape | Recovery shape category: linear, accelerating, decelerating, logistic, flatline or null. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in classification of recovery shape. | | Recovery completeness | Recovery completeness category: complete recovery – coral is observed to reach its pre-disturbance coral cover, signs of recovery – a positive trajectory but not reaching pre-disturbance cover in the time period examined, undetermined – no clear pattern in recovery, the null model was the top model, no recovery – the null model was the top model but the linear model had slope and standard error in slope near zero and further decline – the top model had a negative trend. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in classification of recovery shape. | | Reference | Source for the data. | ## Sharing/Access information Data was derived from the following sources: **Appendix 1. Full list of references providing the data used in impact and recovery analyses supporting Table S1** Arceo, H. O., Quibilan, M. C., Aliño, P. M., Lim, G., & Licuanan, W. Y. (2001). Coral bleaching in Philippine reefs: Coincident evidences with mesoscale thermal anomalies. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(2), 579-593. Aronson, R. B., Precht, W. F., Toscano, M. A., & Koltes, K. H. (2002). The 1998 bleaching event and its aftermath on a coral reef in Belize. Marine Biology, 141(3), 435-447. Aronson, R. B., Sebens, K. P., & Ebersole, J. P. (1994). Hurricane Hugo's impact on Salt River submarine canyon, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. 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