cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861331.v1
title: Paracoccidioidomycosis due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 plus HIV co-infection

description: BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America and the leading fungal cause of mortality in non-immunosuppressed individuals in Brazil. However, HIV/PCM co-infection can increase the clinical severity in these co-infected patients. This co-infection is rarely reported in the literature mainly because of the different epidemiological profiles of these infections. Furthermore, PCM is a neglected and non-notifiable disease, which may underestimate the real importance of this disease. The advent of molecular studies on the species of the genus Paracoccidioides has expanded the knowledge regarding the severity and the clinical spectrum in PCM. In this context, the development of studies to describe the association of the Paracoccidioides phylogenetic cryptic species in vulnerable populations, such as HIV-infected patients, appears relevant. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, epidemiological, therapeutic and prognostic aspects in HIV/PCM co-infected patients, along with the molecular identification of the Paracoccidioides species involved in these cases. METHODS The investigators performed a molecular and clinical retrospective study involving HIV/PCM co-infected patients, from a reference centre for PCM care in the endemic area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2015. Molecular identification of the fungal strains was done by amplification of partial sequences of arf and gp43 genes. FINDINGS Of 89 patients diagnosed with PCM by fungal isolation in the culture, a viable isolate was recovered for molecular analysis from 44 patients. Of these 44 patients, 28 (63.6%) had their serum samples submitted for enzyme immunoassay tests for screening of HIV antibodies, and 5 (17.9%) had a positive result. All cases were considered severe, with a variable clinical presentation, including mixed, acute/subacute clinical forms and a high rate of complications, requiring combination therapy. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 was the species identified in all cases. CONCLUSIONS HIV/PCM co-infection can change the natural history of this fungal disease. The authors reinforce the need to include HIV screening diagnostic tests routinely for patients with PCM.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861328
title: Mammals of a restinga forest in Mataraca, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, and its affinities to restinga areas in Brazil

description: Abstract The Restinga forests are plant formations associated to the Atlantic Forest which still have not been much studied in terms of their mastofauna. The objective of the present work was to list for the first time the mammal species found in a Restinga on northeastern Brazil and show the similarities on species composition to other areas of the same environment and of Atlantic Forest. Our records were based on several complementary approaches: field survey, interviews, and museum collections. Subsequently, we performed similarity analysis between Restinga areas along Brazil and Atlantic Forest areas. We found a total of 30 species of mammals distributed in 28 genera, 16 families and 7 orders for Restinga of Mataraca. Species richness was similar to other Restinga areas and similarity analyzes pointed out that Restingas are more closely related to adjacent Atlantic Forest areas than to other Restingas in the country. This suggests that Restingas do not exhibit an autochthone fauna, but rather a faunal subsample of neighbor Atlantic Forest. Therefore, conservations policies for the Restinga habitat depends not only on actions focused on this habitat, but on initiatives that encompass nearby Atlantic Forest remnants, allowing the connectivity between these habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861328.v1
title: Mammals of a restinga forest in Mataraca, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, and its affinities to restinga areas in Brazil

description: Abstract The Restinga forests are plant formations associated to the Atlantic Forest which still have not been much studied in terms of their mastofauna. The objective of the present work was to list for the first time the mammal species found in a Restinga on northeastern Brazil and show the similarities on species composition to other areas of the same environment and of Atlantic Forest. Our records were based on several complementary approaches: field survey, interviews, and museum collections. Subsequently, we performed similarity analysis between Restinga areas along Brazil and Atlantic Forest areas. We found a total of 30 species of mammals distributed in 28 genera, 16 families and 7 orders for Restinga of Mataraca. Species richness was similar to other Restinga areas and similarity analyzes pointed out that Restingas are more closely related to adjacent Atlantic Forest areas than to other Restingas in the country. This suggests that Restingas do not exhibit an autochthone fauna, but rather a faunal subsample of neighbor Atlantic Forest. Therefore, conservations policies for the Restinga habitat depends not only on actions focused on this habitat, but on initiatives that encompass nearby Atlantic Forest remnants, allowing the connectivity between these habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861325
title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes genomic instability in macrophages

description: BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, which may either block cellular defensive mechanisms and survive inside the host cell or induce cell death. Several studies are still exploring the mechanisms involved in these processes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genomic instability of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages and compare it with that of uninfected macrophages. METHODS We analysed the possible variations in the genomic instability of Mycobacterium-infected macrophages using the DNA breakage detection fluorescence in situ hybridisation (DBD-FISH) technique with a whole human genome DNA probe. FINDINGS Quantitative image analyses showed a significant increase in DNA damage in infected macrophages as compared with uninfected cells. DNA breaks were localised in nuclear membrane blebs, as confirmed with DNA fragmentation assay. Furthermore, a significant increase in micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities were observed in infected macrophages versus uninfected cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Genomic instability occurs during mycobacterial infection and these data may be seminal for future research on host cell DNA damage in M. tuberculosis infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861325.v1
title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes genomic instability in macrophages

description: BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, which may either block cellular defensive mechanisms and survive inside the host cell or induce cell death. Several studies are still exploring the mechanisms involved in these processes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genomic instability of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages and compare it with that of uninfected macrophages. METHODS We analysed the possible variations in the genomic instability of Mycobacterium-infected macrophages using the DNA breakage detection fluorescence in situ hybridisation (DBD-FISH) technique with a whole human genome DNA probe. FINDINGS Quantitative image analyses showed a significant increase in DNA damage in infected macrophages as compared with uninfected cells. DNA breaks were localised in nuclear membrane blebs, as confirmed with DNA fragmentation assay. Furthermore, a significant increase in micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities were observed in infected macrophages versus uninfected cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Genomic instability occurs during mycobacterial infection and these data may be seminal for future research on host cell DNA damage in M. tuberculosis infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861319
title: Density and diversity of filamentous fungi in the water and sediment of Araçá bay in São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil

description: Abstract Araçá Bay, located in the city of São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil, is a protected area of substantial complexity. It represents the last remaining mangrove swamp preserve between the cities of Bertioga and Ubatuba on the northern coast of São Paulo State. This mangrove swamp has specific physical and chemical properties, and it shelters a wide variety of life, including fungi. These microorganisms are present in a variety of species with different morphophysiological features, and they have the ability to produce enzymes of biotechnological importance. The goal of this study was to quantify, isolate, and identify filamentous fungi in water and sediment samples from the Araçá Bay mangrove swamp in São Sebastião. Two samplings were performed in the summer and two were performed in the winter. The samples were collected from intertidal zones, and dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH were measured in situ. The spread plate technique was used to inoculate the samples collected on plates with a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. A total of 208 colonies (68 from water samples and 140 from sediment samples) were isolated, and they were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Filamentous fungus density was higher in the sediment than in the water, and the samplings performed in the winter revealed a higher density than those performed in the summer. Though some of the environmental parameters were not ideal for fungal development, a high quantity of growth was nevertheless observed. When the isolated colonies were analyzed, the greatest diversity and species richness were found in the summer samples. The genera identified in all of the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The pathogenic species found from these genera were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, and P. chrysogenum. These species are also able to produce enzymes that offer a variety of applications. The fungal community described herein represents the diversity found in this mangrove swamp during the period studied. Many of the fungus species found are pathogenic and may be useful due to their ability to produce specific enzymes applicable in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861319.v1
title: Density and diversity of filamentous fungi in the water and sediment of Araçá bay in São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil

description: Abstract Araçá Bay, located in the city of São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil, is a protected area of substantial complexity. It represents the last remaining mangrove swamp preserve between the cities of Bertioga and Ubatuba on the northern coast of São Paulo State. This mangrove swamp has specific physical and chemical properties, and it shelters a wide variety of life, including fungi. These microorganisms are present in a variety of species with different morphophysiological features, and they have the ability to produce enzymes of biotechnological importance. The goal of this study was to quantify, isolate, and identify filamentous fungi in water and sediment samples from the Araçá Bay mangrove swamp in São Sebastião. Two samplings were performed in the summer and two were performed in the winter. The samples were collected from intertidal zones, and dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH were measured in situ. The spread plate technique was used to inoculate the samples collected on plates with a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. A total of 208 colonies (68 from water samples and 140 from sediment samples) were isolated, and they were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Filamentous fungus density was higher in the sediment than in the water, and the samplings performed in the winter revealed a higher density than those performed in the summer. Though some of the environmental parameters were not ideal for fungal development, a high quantity of growth was nevertheless observed. When the isolated colonies were analyzed, the greatest diversity and species richness were found in the summer samples. The genera identified in all of the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The pathogenic species found from these genera were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, and P. chrysogenum. These species are also able to produce enzymes that offer a variety of applications. The fungal community described herein represents the diversity found in this mangrove swamp during the period studied. Many of the fungus species found are pathogenic and may be useful due to their ability to produce specific enzymes applicable in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861316
title: Surface Spectroscopy of Oxisols, Entisols and Inceptisol and Relationships with Selected Soil Properties

description: ABSTRACT: Traditional method of soil survey is expensive, slow, and must be carried out by experienced researchers. Thus, advances in soil observation technologies and the need to obtain information quickly by modern techniques have intensified the use of proximal sensing. This study characterized surface reflectance spectra (A horizon) and related them to traditional soil classification, based on morphological, physical, and chemical properties of representative pedogenetic profiles, developed in two toposequences of the Distrito Federal, Brazil. In the toposequences, 15 soil profiles were selected for a complete morphological description and sampling for laboratory analyses. Soil-landscape relationships were established, and profiles were classified to the fourth level of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS). Classes of similar soils were grouped based on their surface spectra, resulting in spectral curves of 10 representative soils in the studied area. The Morphological Interpretation of Reflectance Spectrum (MIRS) and second derivative of the Kubelka-Munk (KM) function were applied to the soil spectra. The clustered soils were similar, mainly in terms of color, textural class, and organic matter content. Groups based on soil physical and chemical properties and on surface and subsurface colors were similar to those determined by surface reflectance. The identification of soil-landscape relationships was fundamental to understand the genesis and distribution of the soils, which had similar chemical and physical properties to their parent materials. The analysis of clusters based on soil surface reflectance proved efficient in determining groups of soil classes with similar properties. Surface reflectance data were related to the soil surface and subsurface properties determined by traditional soil sample analyses, since the two approaches formed similar groups. The simultaneous interaction of soil properties was assessed by MIRS analysis, while the second derivative of the KM function adequately quantified the mineralogy of the spectra.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861316.v1
title: Surface Spectroscopy of Oxisols, Entisols and Inceptisol and Relationships with Selected Soil Properties

description: ABSTRACT: Traditional method of soil survey is expensive, slow, and must be carried out by experienced researchers. Thus, advances in soil observation technologies and the need to obtain information quickly by modern techniques have intensified the use of proximal sensing. This study characterized surface reflectance spectra (A horizon) and related them to traditional soil classification, based on morphological, physical, and chemical properties of representative pedogenetic profiles, developed in two toposequences of the Distrito Federal, Brazil. In the toposequences, 15 soil profiles were selected for a complete morphological description and sampling for laboratory analyses. Soil-landscape relationships were established, and profiles were classified to the fourth level of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS). Classes of similar soils were grouped based on their surface spectra, resulting in spectral curves of 10 representative soils in the studied area. The Morphological Interpretation of Reflectance Spectrum (MIRS) and second derivative of the Kubelka-Munk (KM) function were applied to the soil spectra. The clustered soils were similar, mainly in terms of color, textural class, and organic matter content. Groups based on soil physical and chemical properties and on surface and subsurface colors were similar to those determined by surface reflectance. The identification of soil-landscape relationships was fundamental to understand the genesis and distribution of the soils, which had similar chemical and physical properties to their parent materials. The analysis of clusters based on soil surface reflectance proved efficient in determining groups of soil classes with similar properties. Surface reflectance data were related to the soil surface and subsurface properties determined by traditional soil sample analyses, since the two approaches formed similar groups. The simultaneous interaction of soil properties was assessed by MIRS analysis, while the second derivative of the KM function adequately quantified the mineralogy of the spectra.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861313
title: Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of sunflower crop in alkaline Cambisol

description: ABSTRACT Sunflower is a crop that has aroused the interest of farmers because of its adaptability to wide climatic conditions and for its use in biodiesel production. However, there are only a few studies on sunflower fertilization in alkaline soils. This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivated in alkaline soil. A field experiment was carried out in Baraúnas-RN, Brazil, in a Haplic Cambisol derived from calcareous rock, where the sunflower H-251 hybrid was cultivated. The treatments were a combination of four doses of N (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) and four doses of P2O5 (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1). Sunflower growth and yield increased with the doses of N and P2O5. Doses of 30 kg ha-1 of N and 30 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were more economical, corresponding to grain yield of 2378 kg ha-1. Critical levels associated with these doses of N and P2O5 were 28.2 g kg-1 for N leaf content, 2.84 for P leaf content, and 6.75 mg dm-3 for soil available P extracted by Mehlich-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861313.v1
title: Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of sunflower crop in alkaline Cambisol

description: ABSTRACT Sunflower is a crop that has aroused the interest of farmers because of its adaptability to wide climatic conditions and for its use in biodiesel production. However, there are only a few studies on sunflower fertilization in alkaline soils. This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivated in alkaline soil. A field experiment was carried out in Baraúnas-RN, Brazil, in a Haplic Cambisol derived from calcareous rock, where the sunflower H-251 hybrid was cultivated. The treatments were a combination of four doses of N (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) and four doses of P2O5 (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1). Sunflower growth and yield increased with the doses of N and P2O5. Doses of 30 kg ha-1 of N and 30 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were more economical, corresponding to grain yield of 2378 kg ha-1. Critical levels associated with these doses of N and P2O5 were 28.2 g kg-1 for N leaf content, 2.84 for P leaf content, and 6.75 mg dm-3 for soil available P extracted by Mehlich-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861310
title: Axial Crushing of Uni-Sectional Bi-Tubular Inner Tubes with Multiple Outer Cross-Sections

description: Abstract Increase of energy absorption along with smooth load displacement curve, reduced peak force and high mean crushing force is the key in the modern dynamic design of structures. In this regard, a new metallic tubular configuration consisting of uni-sectional bi-tubular inner tubes, with outer tubes of multiple varied cross-sections is proposed and crushed under axial dynamic loading. A number of configurations are proposed ranging from simple to complex polygonal sections defined in three groups. Deformation modes and energy absorption characteristics such as peak crushing force, mean crushing force, and specific energy absorption are determined and discussed for each configuration. The proposed arrangement shows a stable crushing and higher values of crush force efficiency. In order to select the most suitable configuration, on the basis of maximum specific energy absorption, peak crushing force and minimum peak force, a robust decision making method known as Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) is implemented. The optimal configuration in each group is determined on the basis of higher values of specific energy absorption, crush force efficiency and a lower value of peak crushing force, using the chosen weighting factors in COPRAS implementation. Finally, the configuration with inner and outer hexagonal tubes is found to be the best possible design concept among the top members of each group, with peak crushing force, mean crushing force and crush force efficiency values of 69.8 KN, 7.3 KJ and 0.75, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861310.v1
title: Axial Crushing of Uni-Sectional Bi-Tubular Inner Tubes with Multiple Outer Cross-Sections

description: Abstract Increase of energy absorption along with smooth load displacement curve, reduced peak force and high mean crushing force is the key in the modern dynamic design of structures. In this regard, a new metallic tubular configuration consisting of uni-sectional bi-tubular inner tubes, with outer tubes of multiple varied cross-sections is proposed and crushed under axial dynamic loading. A number of configurations are proposed ranging from simple to complex polygonal sections defined in three groups. Deformation modes and energy absorption characteristics such as peak crushing force, mean crushing force, and specific energy absorption are determined and discussed for each configuration. The proposed arrangement shows a stable crushing and higher values of crush force efficiency. In order to select the most suitable configuration, on the basis of maximum specific energy absorption, peak crushing force and minimum peak force, a robust decision making method known as Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) is implemented. The optimal configuration in each group is determined on the basis of higher values of specific energy absorption, crush force efficiency and a lower value of peak crushing force, using the chosen weighting factors in COPRAS implementation. Finally, the configuration with inner and outer hexagonal tubes is found to be the best possible design concept among the top members of each group, with peak crushing force, mean crushing force and crush force efficiency values of 69.8 KN, 7.3 KJ and 0.75, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861307
title: Surface drainage in leveled land: Implication of slope

description: ABSTRACT In the lowlands of Rio Grande do Sul, land leveling is mostly carried out with no slope for the purpose of rice production. In this environment, soils with a low hydraulic conductivity are predominant owing to the presence of a practically impermeable B-horizon near the surface. Land leveling leads to soil accommodation resulting in the formation of depressions where water accumulates after heavy rainfalls, subsequently leading to problems with crops implanted in succession to rice, such as soybeans. The objective of this research was to quantify the areas and volumes of water accumulation in soil as a function of the slope of land leveling. Five typical leveled lowland areas were studied as a part of this research. The original areas presented slopes of 0, 0.20, 0.25, 0.28 and 0.40%, which were used to generate new digital elevation models with slopes between 0 and 0.5%. These newly generated digital models were used to map the depressions with surface water storage. In conclusion, land leveling with slopes higher than 0.1% is recommended to minimize problems with superficial water storage in rice fields.