cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9jj4f50
title: Data from: Increases and fluctuations in nutrient availability do not promote dominance of alien plants in synthetic communities of common natives

description: 1. It is frequently thought that global environmental changes, and
 especially the concomitant changes in environmental variability, could
 further increase the success of invasive species in native resident
 communities. However, very few studies explicitly tested this, and it
 remains unknown whether invasive and non-invasive alien species respond
 differently to resource fluctuations in resident communities. 2. We grew
 ten invasive and ten non-invasive species as target species in
 pot-mesocosms with four different synthetic native resident communities
 under six nutrient treatments differing in overall nutrient availability
 and temporal fluctuations in nutrient supply (constant low, constant high,
 gradual increasing, gradual decreasing, single large pulse, multiple
 smaller pulses). With the exception of plants in the constant low
 treatment, the plants were supplied the same total amount of nutrients
 during the experiment. We tested whether high nutrient availability and
 fluctuations in nutrient supply increased performance of both invasive and
 non-invasive alien plants within native resident communities, and whether
 invasive ones benefited more than non-invasive ones. 3. We found that the
 increase in biomass in response to nutrient addition was stronger for
 invasive than for non-invasive alien species. However, as the native
 competitors benefited even more from nutrient addition, the relative
 biomass of the alien target plant species, particularly the non-invasive
 ones, decreased. When the nutrient supply gradually increased, biomass of
 alien targets as well as native competitors decreased compared to the
 plants in the constant nutrient supply treatment. Surprisingly, when
 nutrients were supplied as a single large pulse, the absolute and relative
 biomass of the alien target plants decreased. The reduction in relative
 biomass was even stronger for invasive than for non-invasive alien
 species, and a similar pattern was found when nutrients were supplied as
 multiple smaller pulses. 4. Our results confirm previous findings that
 invasive alien species benefit more from nutrient addition than
 non-invasive alien species. However, in contrast to previous findings, our
 results suggest that nutrient fluctuations can suppress biomass of alien
 plants relative to that of natives, at least when the natives are
 themselves very successful, common species.
description: Data_Nutrient_Fluctuations_plant_invasion.csv:
 Data in the table is self-explanatory. If you want to know more
 detials, please contact me by ecoyj.liu@gmail.com
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gj922
title: Data from: Species composition of First Nation whaling hunts in the Clayoquot Sound region of Vancouver Island as estimated through genetic analyses

description: Deepening our understanding of whale hunting practices is important from
 both cultural and biological perspectives. Many cultures practice whaling
 activities, including the Nuu-cha-nulth Nations of the Pacific Northwest.
 Nuu-cha-nulth cultural lifeways and laws include great care and respect
 for these animals that provide so much wealth to their communities. The
 disruption of this culture by colonial governments, combined with the
 decimation of whale populations through industrial whaling, led to the
 loss of traditional whaling activities and a gap between contemporary and
 historical knowledge and practices. From a scientific perspective,
 knowledge of current whale populations is compromised by lack of data with
 regards to abundance and distribution of these populations prior to
 colonial industrial whaling. Analysis of whale bones from First Nation
 whaling sites are valuable for addressing both these issues by identifying
 the species landed by communities in traditional hunts, and by providing a
 sample of the presence and distribution of whale species before colonial
 industrial whaling. Genetic analyses of 95 bones collected from 7
 traditional whaling sites of Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations in the Pacific
 Northwest were conducted, as well as 11 bones from a colonial industrial
 whaling site in the area that operated from 1905 to 1918. Specifically, we
 sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial control region and cytochrome-b
 gene to identify what species were taken, and in what proportions. We
 found that 45.4% of the bones were from grey whales (Eschrictius
 robustus), 43.0% were from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), 8.1%
 were from North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica), and the
 remaining 3.5% were from fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). These results
 reveal catch compositions of historical hunts, and therefore help to
 inform our understanding of historic practices and preferences, and
 provide information on which species were present in these areas.
description: grey_whale_bone_sequencesData file contains sample id, collection location, cyt-b and control region sequences, and species identification for the bones analyzed in this study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t3n7883
title: Data from: Small- to large-scale patterns of ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) diversity across northern Canada

description: We examined how Arctic spider (Araneae) biodiversity is distributed at
 multiple spatial scales in Northern Canada using a standardized
 hierarchical sampling design. We investigated which drivers, environmental
 or spatial, influence the patterns observed. Spatial patterns of species
 richness and composition of Arctic spiders were assessed in 12 sites
 located in Arctic, Subarctic, and North-Boreal regions, across 30 degrees
 of latitude and 80 degrees of longitude. Variation of diversity was
 partitioned in relation to multiple environmental and spatial drivers of
 diversity patterns. Over 23, 000 adult spiders, representing 306 species
 in 14 families, were collected in Northern Canada, with 107 species (35%
 of the total species collected) representing new Territorial or Provincial
 records. Spider diversity was structured at the regional scale across
 ecoclimatic regions but not with latitude. Longitudinal patterns of spider
 diversity across Canada may be explained by post-glacial dispersal. At
 local scales, diversity was non-randomly distributed, and possibly limited
 by biotic interactions. We recommend the use of ecoclimatic regions as a
 framework for conservation of biodiversity in Northern Canada and spiders
 as useful bioindicators which can help us understand the effects of
 climate change across ecoclimatic regions of northern Canada.
description: Loboda_2018_species_dataThe zip file contains two tables; one for the species data and one with the site corrdinates and the environmental variables.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v3t77
title: Data from: Stable isotope tracers reveal a trade-off between reproduction and immunity in a reptile with competing needs

description: 1.Trade-offs between the reproductive and immune systems are predicted
 when resources are limited, but are difficult to measure. 2.We used 15N
 labeled amino acids to directly compare protein allocation by lizards to
 eggs and healing wounds. 3.We showed that these two demands compete for
 the same resource, and that the ratio of protein allocation between them
 was related to body size, reproductive stage, and plasma corticosterone
 levels. 4.On average, rates of leucine deposition into eggs (0.022 μg/day)
 were an order of magnitude greater than those into scabs (0.002 μg/day),
 similar to leucine excretion rates (0.027 μg/day), and about half as large
 as leucine egestion rates (0.054 μg/day). 5.We found that earlier
 reproductive stages and greater amounts of stored energy, but not
 manipulated food availability or the amount of food consumed, increased
 the absolute and relative allocation of protein to self-maintenance. 6.We
 provide direct evidence for amino acid trade-offs between reproduction and
 wound healing.
description: Female Uta stansburiana
 egg and wound leucine allocation dataEach row is one
 individual female Uta stansburiana. For columns, see
 READMEFE-2016-00788R3_data_export.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cf2q1
title: Data from: A cost for high levels of sperm competition in rodents: increased sperm DNA fragmentation

description: Sperm competition, a prevalent evolutionary process in which the
 spermatozoa of two or more males compete for the fertilization of the same
 ovum, leads to morphological and physiological adaptations, including
 increases in energetic metabolism that may serve to propel sperm faster
 but that may have negative effects on DNA integrity. Sperm DNA damage is
 associated with reduced rates of fertilization, embryo and foetal loss,
 offspring mortality, and mutations leading to genetic disease. We tested
 whether high levels of sperm competition affect sperm DNA integrity. We
 evaluated sperm DNA integrity in 18 species of rodents that differ in
 their levels of sperm competition using the sperm chromatin structure
 assay (SCSA). DNA integrity was assessed upon sperm collection, in
 response to incubation under capacitating or non-capacitating conditions,
 and after exposure to physical and chemical stressors. Sperm DNA was very
 resistant to physical and chemical stressors, whereas incubation in
 non-capacitating and capacitating conditions resulted in only a small
 increase in sperm DNA damage. Importantly, levels of sperm competition
 were positively associated with sperm DNA fragmentation across rodent
 species. This is the first evidence showing that high levels of sperm
 competition lead to an important cost in the form of increased sperm DNA
 damage.
description: Sperm DNA fragmentation
 dataTotal DNA fragmentation
 index (tDFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) results obtained by Sperm
 Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA).ALL
 DATA.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6bp470fn
title: Data from: Evolution of pathogenicity traits in the apple scab fungal pathogen in response to the domestication of its host

description: Understanding how pathogens emerge is essential to bring disease-causing
 agents under durable human control. Here, we used cross-pathogenicity
 tests to investigate changes in life history traits of the fungal pathogen
 Venturia inaequalis associated with host-tracking during the domestication
 of apple and subsequent host range expansion on the wild European
 crabapple (Malus sylvestris). Pathogenicity of 40 isolates collected in
 wild and domesticated ecosystems were assessed on the domesticated apple,
 its central Asian main progenitor (M. sieversii) and M. sylvestris.
 Isolates from wild habitats in the centre of origin of the crop were not
 pathogenic on the domesticated apple and less aggressive than other
 isolates on their host of origin. Isolates from the agro-ecosystem in
 central Asia infected a higher proportion of plants with higher
 aggressiveness, on both the domesticated host and its progenitor. Isolates
 from the European crabapple were still able to cause disease on other
 species but were less aggressive and less frequently virulent on these
 hosts than their endemic populations. Our results suggest that the
 domestication of apple was associated with the acquisition of virulences
 in the pathogen following host-tracking. The spread of the disease in the
 agro-ecosystem would also have been accompanied by an increase in overall
 pathogenicity.
description: Data_AUDPCThis file contains: the AUDPC (Area under the disease progress curve) calculated on the sporulation percentage of the most infected leaf of each replicate. Percentage of leaf showing sporulation was scored visually at 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. Cross pathogenicity tests were done in a quarantine controlled climate chamber. Forty isolates from five populations were inoculated onto three Malus species ('Tested_species') with two to four accessions ('Tested_accession') per Malus species. Population names indicate the geographic origin (Asia or EU:Europe), the environment of origin (Wild or Agro: Agro-ecosystem) and the host of origin of the isolates (Malus sieversii, M. x domestica or M. sylevstris). Inoculations were done in 10 experiments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nn1rk
title: Data from: Evidence of developmental niche construction in dung beetles: effects on growth, scaling and reproductive success

description: Niche construction occurs when organisms modify their environments and
 alter selective conditions through their physiology and behaviours. Such
 modifications can bias phenotypic variation and enhance
 organism–environment fit. Yet few studies exist that experimentally assess
 the degree to which environmental modifications shape developmental and
 fitness outcomes, how their influences may differ among species and
 identify the underlying proximate mechanisms. Here, we experimentally
 eliminate environmental modifications from the developmental environment
 of Onthophagus dung beetles. We show that these modifications (1)
 differentially influence growth among species, (2) consistently shape
 scaling relationships in fitness-related traits, (3) are necessary for the
 maintenance of sexual dimorphism, (4) influence reproductive success among
 females of at least one species and (5) implicate larval cultivation of an
 external rumen as a possible mechanism for environmental modification. Our
 results present evidence that Onthophagus larvae engage in niche
 construction, and that this is a fundamental component of beetle
 development and fitness.
description: Dryad_DatasheetContains the data corresponding to each primary and one supplemental figure in different tabs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h8n7p
title: Data from: Strong social relationships are associated with decreased longevity in a facultatively social mammal

description: Humans in strong social relationships are more likely to live longer
 because social relationships may buffer stressors and thus have protective
 effects. However, a shortcoming of human studies is that they often rely
 on self-reporting of these relationships. By contrast, observational
 studies of nonhuman animals permit detailed analyses of the specific
 nature of social relationships. Thus, discoveries that some social animals
 live longer and healthier lives if they are involved in social grooming,
 forage together, or have more affiliative associates emphasizes the
 potential importance of social relationships on health and longevity.
 Previous studies have focused on the impact of social metrics on longevity
 in obligately social species. However, if sociality indeed has a key role
 in longevity, we might expect that affiliative relationships should also
 influence longevity in less social species. We focused on socially
 flexible yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) and asked whether
 female longevity covaries with the specific nature of social
 relationships. We quantified social relationships with social network
 statistics that were based on affiliative interactions, and then estimated
 the correlation between longevity and sociality using bivariate models. We
 found a significant negative phenotypic correlation between affiliative
 social relationship strength and longevity; marmots with greater degree,
 closeness, and those with a greater negative average shortest path length
 died at younger ages. We conclude that sociality plays an important role
 in longevity, but how it does so may depend on whether a species is
 obligately or facultatively social.
description: finaldata_longevity_socialityFinal data set used for analyses.Rcode_finalanalysisFinal R code to conduct longevity analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7287d
title: Data from: The coevolution of ova defensiveness with sperm competitiveness in house mice

description: Theoretical models have suggested that sperm competition can lead to
 increased ova resistance to fertilization. While there is some comparative
 evidence that this might be true, there is no experimental evidence to
 show that ova defensiveness evolves in response to sperm competition. We
 performed a series of in vitro fertilization assays to gauge the
 fertilizability of ova produced by female house mice from experimental
 populations that evolved either with or without sperm competition. Our
 analysis revealed that after 24 generations of experimental evolution,
 females that evolved under a polygamous regime produced more defensive ova
 than females that evolved under a monogamous regime. We therefore provide
 the first direct line of evidence that sperm competition can generate
 sexual conflict at the gametic level and lead to asymmetries in
 fertilization rates among populations. Our results show that females
 respond to sperm competition via fertilization barriers that have the
 potential to mediate sperm entry.
description: Firman et al.
 DRYAD
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k79m2
title: Data from: Causes of variation in biotic interaction strength and phenotypic selection along an altitudinal gradient

description: Understanding the causes of variation in biotic interaction strength and
 phenotypic selection remains one of the outstanding goals of evolutionary
 ecology. Here we examine the variation in strength of interactions between
 two seed predators, common crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) and European red
 squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), and mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) at and
 below tree limit in the Pyrenees, and how this translates into phenotypic
 selection. Seed predation by crossbills increased whereas seed predation
 by squirrels decreased with increasing elevation and as the canopy became
 more open. Overall, seed predation by crossbills averaged about twice that
 by squirrels, and the intensity of selection exerted by crossbills
 averaged between 2.6 and 7.5 times greater than by squirrels. The higher
 levels of seed predation by crossbills than squirrels were related to the
 relatively open nature of most of the forests, and the higher intensity of
 selection exerted by crossbills resulted from their higher levels of seed
 predation. However, most of the differences in selection intensity between
 crossbills and squirrels were the result of habitat features having a
 greater effect on the foraging behavior of squirrels than of crossbills,
 causing selection to be much lower for squirrels than for crossbills.
description: SeedPredationDataForDryadThe file contains data on the percent of seeds eaten by two seed predators and the mean cone traits of trees for two years, the number of cones depredated by the two seed predators for 150 trees at different elevations and the distance to the nearest cone-bearing tree, and tree density for high and low elevation transects
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tr588488
title: Data from: The evolution of generalized reciprocity on social interaction networks

description: Generalized reciprocity (“help anyone, if helped by someone”) is a minimal
 strategy capable of supporting cooperation between unrelated individuals.
 Its simplicity makes it an attractive model to explain the evolution of
 reciprocal altruism in animals that lack the information or cognitive
 skills needed for other types of reciprocity. Yet, generalized reciprocity
 is anonymous and thus defenseless against exploitation by defectors.
 Recognizing that animals hardly ever interact randomly, we investigate
 whether social network structure can mitigate this vulnerability. Our
 results show that heterogeneous interaction patterns strongly support the
 evolution of generalized reciprocity. The future probability of being
 rewarded for an altruistic act is inversely proportional to the average
 connectivity of the social network when cooperators are rare. Accordingly,
 sparse networks are conducive to the invasion of reciprocal altruism.
 Moreover, the evolutionary stability of cooperation is enhanced by a
 modular network structure. Communities of reciprocal altruists are
 protected against exploitation, because modularity increases the mean
 access time, i.e., the average number of steps that it takes for a random
 walk on the network to reach a defector. Sparseness and community
 structure are characteristic properties of vertebrate social interaction
 patterns, as illustrated by network data from natural populations ranging
 from fish to primates.
description: GeneralizedReciprocity.cppThis file contains the C++ source code for a program to run individual-based simulations of our model. It also contains the routines that were used to numerically calculate upper and lower bounds on the yield of altruism.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.46cn27g
title: Data from: Genetic analyses reveal cryptic introgression in secretive marsh bird populations

description: Hybridization is common in bird populations but can be challenging for
 management, especially if one of the two parent species is of greater
 conservation concern than the other. King rails (Rallus elegans) and
 clapper rails (R. crepitans) are two marsh bird species with similar
 morphologies, behaviors, and overlapping distributions. The two species
 are found along a salinity gradient with the king rail in freshwater
 marshes and the clapper in estuarine marshes. However, this separation is
 not absolute; they are occasionally sympatric, and there are reports of
 interbreeding. In Virginia, USA, both king and clapper rails are
 identified by the state as Species of Greater Conservation Need, although
 clappers are thought to be more abundant and king rails have a higher
 priority ranking. We used a mitochondrial DNA marker and 13 diagnostic
 nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify species,
 classify the degree of introgression, and explore the evolutionary history
 of introgression in two putative clapper rail focal populations along a
 salinity gradient in coastal Virginia. Genetic analyses revealed cryptic
 introgression with site-specific rates of admixture. We identified a
 pattern of introgression where clapper rail alleles predominate in
 brackish marshes. These results suggest clapper rails may be displacing
 king rails in Virginia coastal waterways, most likely as a result of
 ecological selection. As introgression can result in various outcomes from
 outbreeding depression to local adaptation, continued monitoring of these
 populations would allow further exploration of hybrid fitness and inform
 conservation management.
description: Coster_CLRAintrogression_SNPgenotypes_07262018King (Rallus elegans, KIRA) and Clapper (Rallus crepitans, CLRA) rail samples genotyped at 13 species-diagnostic SNP markers. Data includes id, site number (corresponding to Figure 2), site name, and genotypes. Genotypes are identified as follows: 1=A, 2= T, 3=C, 4=G, and 0 indicates no genotype was assigned.