DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq2s
title: The evolution of lifespan and ageing in response to dietary macronutrients in male and female decorated crickets

description: Dietary macronutrients regulate lifespan and ageing, yet little is known
 about their evolutionary effects. Here, we examine the evolutionary
 response of these traits in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus)
 maintained on diets varying in caloric content and protein-to-carbohydrate
 ratio. After 37 generations, each population was split: half remained on
 the evolution diet and half switched to a standardized diet. Crickets
 lived longer and aged slower when evolving on high-calorie (both sexes)
 and carbohydrate-biased (females only) diets and had lower baseline
 mortality on high-calorie (females only) diets. However, on the
 standardized diet, crickets lived longer when evolving on high-calorie
 diets (both sexes), aged slower on high-calorie (females only) and
 carbohydrate-biased (both sexes) diets, and had lower baseline mortality
 on high-calorie (males only) and protein-biased (both sexes) diets.
 Lifespan was longer and baseline mortality lower when provided the
 evolution versus the standardized diet but ageing rate was comparable.
 Moreover, lifespan was longer, ageing slower (females only) and baseline
 mortality lower (males only) compared to our evolved baseline suggesting
 varying degrees of dietary adaptation. Collectively, we show dietary
 components influence the evolution of lifespan and ageing in different
 ways and highlight the value of combining experimental evolution with
 nutritional geometry.
description: # The evolution of lifespan and ageing in response to dietary
 macronutrients in male and female decorated crickets We quantified median
 LS and ageing parameters for adult crickets of each sex for each
 population (36 populations in total, including populations evolving on
 their respective diets and those switched to the SCD "ancestral"
 diet). To determine the most appropriate ageing model and estimate ageing
 and baseline mortality rates for our data we used the “BaSTA” package in R
 (version 4.0.0, R Core Team) to fit the Gompertz, Weibull, and Logistic
 models of ageing within a Bayesian framework across our diet populations
 and the sexes (Colchero et al., 2012). For each sex per diet population,
 we performed three BaSTA simulations (one for each of the above ageing
 models), each with 2,200,200 iterations, a burn-in of 200,000 chains, and
 an MCMC chain sample taken every 4,000 iterations. Survival curves were
 obtained using the "survival" and "survminer"
 packages, using default settings. ## Description of the data and file
 structure Excel or any text file reader is required to open the files. 39
 files are presented: “**G.sigillatus_survival.txt**”,
 "**Gsigillatus_LS_ageing.xlsx**",
 “**Gsigillatus_LS_ageing_baseline.xlsx**”, and **36 text files** named
 after the diet population to which they correspond (e.g.,
 "lcn_r1_fm" contains the data belonging to the population on L/C
 diet, replicate 1, females and males; "lcs_r1_fm" contains the
 data belonging to the population that evolved on L/C but was switched to
 SCD diet to establish the common garden setting, replicate 1, females and
 males). The data in “**G.sigillatus_survival**” were used to calculate
 survival and plot survival curves. The first column "id"
 contains the identity of each individual, while the remaining ones are
 self-explanatory: diet (S = SCD - Standard cricket diet; LPS = Low
 calorie, Protein-biased, Switched; LPN = Low calorie, Protein-biased,
 Non-switched; LCS = Low calorie, Carbohydrate-biased, Switched; LCN = Low
 calorie, Carbohydrate-biased, Non-switched; HPS = High calorie,
 Protein-biased, Switched; HPN = High calorie, Protein-biased,
 Non-switched; HCS = High calorie, Carbohydrate-biased, Switched; HCN =
 High calorie, Carbohydrate-biased, Non-switched) rep (replicate
 population) sex lifespan (expressed as number of days) status (1 = alive)
 The data in "**Gsigillatus_LS_ageing.xlsx**" and
 "**Gsigillatus_LS_ageing_baseline.xlsx**" were used for the
 multi and univariate analyses (MANOVA and ANOVA). In both files, the
 columns are self-explanatory: Evolved diet (HC = High calorie,
 Carbohydrate-biased; HP = High calorie, Protein-biased; LC = Low calorie,
 Carbohydrate-biased; LP = Low calorie, Protein-biased) Diet switch
 (Evolution diet = not switched; SCD = switched to SCD to establish common
 garden) Caloric content (High or Low) Nutrient ratio (C_bias =
 Carbohydrate-biased, P_bias= Protein-biased) Sex Replicate Body size
 (pronotum width, in mm) LS (lifespan, in days) Gomp rate (Gompertz ageing
 rate) Gomp baseline (Gompertz baseline mortality) In the files named after
 diet populations, the first column contains the identity ("id"),
 the second column the birth day ("birth"), the third column the
 death day ("death"), and the remaining columns the days in which
 each individual was observed (1) or not observed (0). Data is not censored
 for any of the populations. The number of days varies across files
 depending on the population. These data were used to fit ageing models and
 subsequently estimate ageing and baseline mortality rates for each sex,
 replicate and diet population. ## Sharing/Access information Links to
 other publicly accessible locations of the data: \* The data contained on
 Dryad will be also be made publicly available via the Research Data
 Management System at Western Sydney University. Data was derived from the
 following sources: \* All uploaded data has been collected from
 experiments conducted by the authors. ## Code/Software Version 4.0.0 of R
 was used, as well as the “BaSTA”, “survival”, and "survminer"
 packages, to fit ageing models and estimate ageing parameters, and
 calculate survival and plot survival curves. Our code follows the
 parameters specified above and/or outlined in the Methods section of our
 article. Version 29.0.0.0 of IBM SPSS was used to run the multi and
 univariate analyses following the specifications outlined in the Methods
 section of our article.