DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2z34tmpxb
title: Data from: Density-dependent feedback across nested levels of organization in a social primate

description: The strength and direction of density-dependent mechanisms acting on
 individual reproduction and survival may vary across the nested levels of
 organization social animals live in, such that complex patterns of density
 dependence shape fitness and population growth. Yet knowledge of such
 processes of population regulation where individuals are simultaneously
 subjected to contrasting density effects remains limited. We quantify and
 contrast density effects on components of individual fitness across two
 nested levels of organization: the population and the social group, using
 45 years of demographic data of rhesus macaques. Our analysis reveals
 opposing density feedback on individual reproduction and survival across
 levels of organization and shows that density does not affect all life
 stages equally. While increased population density reduced female
 reproduction during maturation, females in larger groups were more likely
 to reproduce. Infant survival was optimal at intermediate population
 densities, and monkeys in larger groups showed increased
 survival. Our work shows that population-level density effects on
 individual reproduction and survival can be as strong as group-level
 effects and suggests different roles of the philopatric (i.e. females) and
 dispersing (i.e. males) sexes on the regulation of individual demographic
 performance. In this way, our work posits testable mechanistic hypotheses
 for evaluating density effects on components of individual fitness and
 highlights the need to explicitly consider the organization and
 demographic structure of social animals when quantifying individual
 performance and population dynamics.
description: # Data from: Density-dependent feedback across nested levels of
 organization in a social primate Data and codes provide examples for
 estimating the main results presented in tables and figures. ##
 Description of the data and file structure Code files:
 Reproduction_Analysis.R - These codes provide the workflow for estimating
 population- and group-level density-dependent feedback on individual
 reproduction using GLMMs. Survival_Analysis.R - These codes provide the
 workflow for estimating population- and group-level density-dependent
 feedback on individual survival using GLMMs. ### Data files:
 Reproduction_Data.RData - This data frame contains annual individual
 reproduction status and adult population and adult group density during
 the 44 year study. year column represents the year the data was recorded
 in. id represents the ID of each monkey (deidentified). fertility equals 1
 if female produced offspring; 0 = if female did not produce offspring. mom
 represents the ID of the monkey's mother (deidentified). age is the
 age in years of the monkey. group_adult_n represents the annual adult
 group abundance. group_adult_male_n represents the annual adult male group
 abundance. group_adult_female_n represents the annual adult female group
 abundance. pop_adult_n represents the total annual adult abundance.
 pop_adult_male_n represents the total annual adult male abundance.
 pop_adult_female_n represents the total annual adult female abundance.
 n_cull represents the number of individuals who were permanently removed
 from the population in a given year (no culling information for 1973).
 Survival_Data.RData - This data frame contains annual individual survival
 status and adult population and adult group density during the 44 year
 study. id represents the ID of each monkey (deidentified). sex if f for
 females, m for males. year column represents the year the data was
 recorded in. survival equals 1 if the monkey survived a year after; 0 if
 the monkey did not survive. mom represents the ID of the monkey's
 mother (deidentified). age represents the age in years of the monkey.
 group_adult_n represents the annual adult group abundance.
 group_adult_male_n represents the annual adult male group abundance.
 group_adult_female_n represents the annual adult female group abundance.
 pop_adult_n represents the total annual adult abundance. pop_adult_male_n
 represents the total annual adult male abundance. pop_adult_female_n
 represents the total annual adult female abundance. n_cull represents the
 number of individuals who were permanently removed from the population in
 a given year (no culling information for 1973). ## Sharing/Access
 information Data was shared by the Caribbean Primate Research Center,
 University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, and has no DOI. ##
 Code/Software All data was run using R Version 4.4.1. Scripts can be run
 in order or separately.