DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15730497
title: Contact survey post-COVID-19: Italy 2024

description: Survey Instrument Details

This dataset is based on a structured survey instrument designed to collect information on sociodemographics, vaccination and protective behaviors, the perceived impact of COVID-19, and detailed contact diaries. Below is a summary of the key survey sections and question formats.

Data Documentation for "Socioeconomic determinants of protective behaviors andcontact patterns in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: a cross-sectional study in Italy"

1. Dataset Overview





Title: Socioeconomic Determinants of Protective Behaviors and Contact Patterns in Italy (2024)




Authors: Michele Tizzani, Laetitia Gauvin




Description: Representative survey data (N=1200) from Italy collected in March 2024, examining:   





Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 perceptions   




Protective behaviors (vaccination, mask-wearing, social distancing)   




Contact patterns (direct/indirect, location-specific)






Temporal Coverage: March 2024 (post-pandemic period)




Geographical Coverage: Nationally representative sample of Italian population stratified by:   





Geographic area (Northwest, Northeast, Center, South/Islands)   




City size (<10k, 10k-100k, >100k inhabitants)





2. Data Collection Methodology





Sampling: Stratified random sampling based on ISTAT census data (age, gender, region, education, employment)




Survey Administration:   





Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) 




Conducted by DOXA S.p.A. survey agency   




Ethical approval: University of Turin Bioethics Committee (Protocol 0555653)





3. File Structure





Primary Data Files:    





data_perception_protective.csv: Sociodemographics, perceptions, vaccination, and NPI adherence data (1200 participants)    




 data_contact_sunday.csv: Sunday contact records (direct/indirect)




data_contact_monday.csv: Monday contact records (direct/indirect) 





4. Key Variables

A. Participant Metadata








Variable



Description



Values







age_group



Participant age



18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-65





gender



Self-reported gender



Male, Female





education



Highest education



Degree, NoDegree





employment_status



Current employment



Employed, Unemployed





city_size



Municipality size



<10k, 10k-100k, >100k





geo_area



Geographic region



NW, NE, Center, South/Islands






B. Perception Variables (Likert Scale)





impact_economic: Perceived economic impact




impact_work: Professional impact




impact_social: Social life impact




impact_psychological: Mental health impact (Scale: 1=Disagree, 2=Neutral, 3=Agree)



C. Protective Behaviors








Variable



Type



Values







covid_vaccine



Binary



Yes/No





flu_vaccine



Binary



Yes/No





mask_use



Ordinal



Never/Sometimes/Always





social_distancing



Ordinal



Never/Sometimes/Always






D. Contact Data Variables

Contact data are aggregated from the individual-level data collected by DOXA.





Direct Contacts: Physical interactions with conversation/touch




Indirect Contacts: Proximity (≤1.5m) >15 mins without interaction




Location Categories:   





Home   




Work/School   




Essential Activities 




Leisure Activities   




Transport   




Health Facilities





 

5. Data Quality Notes





Filtering: 1001 participants retained after contact data validation




Missing Data:   





Work/school contacts only recorded for employed participants 


Employment status: 5 participants with missing information, coded as NA



"Not applicable" fields coded as NA





6. Usage Guidelines





License: CC-BY 4.0 International




Citation Format:  Tizzani, M., & Gauvin, L. (2025). Socioeconomic determinants of protective behaviors and contact patterns in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: a cross-sectional study in Italy. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15730497




Recommended Citation: Always cite accompanying manuscript




Access: Data embargo until publication of associated manuscript



7. Technical Validation





Representativeness: Stratified sampling validated against ISTAT 2023 census



8. Ethical Compliance





Consent: Informed consent was obtained prior to any respondent completing the first survey. All participants are informed about the rationale and topic of the survey. The right of the participant to refuse to participate without giving reasons was respected at all times.




Anonymization: No direct identifiers are included




IRB Approval: University of Turin Committee for Bioethics (Protocol 0555653)