cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121349
title: Supplementary Material for: Frühwarnsymptome und Copingstrategien bei Patienten mit bipolaren Störungen

description: <i>Hintergrund: </i>Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Sammlung von Items und die Entwicklung von Kategorien, um kognitiv verfügbare Prodromalsymptome und Copingstrategien bei bipolar affektiven Störungen zu erfassen. Die praktischen Vorteile eines solchen Instrumentes sind die bessere Einschätzbarkeit der Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten von Patienten, um eine sich ankündigende Episode frühzeitig zu erkennen und adäquate Copingstrategien zu entwickeln, sowie die Verlaufskontrolle (Treatment measurement). <i>Patienten und Methode: </i>94 Patienten mit der ICD-10-Diagnose einer bipolar affektiven Störung, die an einer Studie zu kognitiver Psychoedukation bei bipolarer Störung als Zusatz zu einer laufenden Phasenprophylaxe teilgenommen hatten, wurden mit einem Interview aus vier Modulen befragt. Alle berichteten Frühwarnsymptome und Copingstrategien bei Manie und Depression wurden als Items erfasst, aus denen anschließend Kategorien gebildet wurden. Dieser Vorgang wurde durch 2 Untersucher evaluiert. <i>Ergebnis: </i>Die Interrater-Reliabilität der Klassifikation von Kategorien als Vorstufe für die Entwicklung eines Fragebogens war sehr gut (Kappa-Werte zwischen 0,66 und 1,00). Es konnten Marker-Items für alle vier Bereiche (Frühwarnsymptome für Manie / Depression, Copingstrategien bei Manie / Depression) identifiziert werden. <i>Schlussfolgerungen: </i>Die gefundenen Items und Kategorien können die Basis für die Entwicklung eines Fragebogens sein, um die Vorher-Nachher-Einschätzung von Frühwarnsymptomen und Copingstrategien als Teil einer kognitiv-psychoedukativen Intervention zu evaluieren.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121355.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Prenatal Infection Decreases Calbindin, Decreases Purkinje Cell Volume and Density and Produces Long-Term Motor Deficits in Sprague-Dawley Rats

description: The cerebellum is involved in the control of motor functions with Purkinje cells serving as the only output from the cerebellum. Purkinje cells are important targets for toxic substances and are vulnerable to prenatal insults. Intrauterine infection (IUI) has been shown to selectively target the developing cerebral white matter through lesioning, necrosis and inflammatory cytokine activation. Developmental and cognitive delays have been associated with animal models of IUI. The aim of this study was to determine if IUI leads to damage to Purkinje cells in the developing cerebellum and if any damage is associated with decreases in calbindin and motor behaviors in surviving pups. Pregnant rats were injected with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1 × 10<sup>5</sup> colony-forming units) or sterile saline at gestational day 17. Beginning at postnatal day (PND) 2, the pups were subjected to a series of developmental tests to examine developmental milestones. At PND 16, some pups were sacrificed and their brains extracted and processed for histology or protein studies. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was done to examine the general morphology of the Purkinje cells and to examine Purkinje cell density, area and volume. Calbindin expression was examined in the cerebellum via immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques. The remaining rat pups were used to examine motor coordination and balance on a rotating rotarod at the prepubertal and adult ages. Prenatal <i>E. coli</i> injection did not significantly change birth weight or delivery time, but did delay surface righting and negative geotaxis in pups. Pups in the <i>E. coli</i> group also had a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells, as well as a decrease in Purkinje cell density and volume. HE staining demonstrated a change in Purkinje cell morphology. Calbindin expression was decreased in rats from the <i>E. coli</i> group as well. Locomotor tests indicated that while there were no significant changes in gross motor activity, motor coordination and balance was impaired in both prepubertal and adult rats from the <i>E. coli</i> group. In this model of IUI, we observed changes in Purkinje cell development which were associated with alterations in cerebellum-dependent motor behaviors. The decreases in calbindin and Purkinje cells were associated with developmental delays. These data further support the importance of IUI in brain development.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121343.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: EMDR in der Behandlung von Zwangsstörungen: Eine Fallserie

description: <i>Hintergrund:</i> Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie mit Exposition und Reaktionsverhinderung ist die am besten untersuchte und derzeit wirksamste Therapie bei Zwängen. 15–40% der Patienten können jedoch nicht von diesem Verfahren profitieren. Sie berichten Motivationsprobleme, brechen die Behandlung vorzeitig ab oder zeigen anhaltende Probleme in der Emotionsregulation. Der zusätzliche Einsatz der Therapiemethode «Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing» (EMDR) zur Reduktion dieser Schwierigkeiten wird vorgestellt und beschrieben. <i>Methode:</i> Es werden drei Kasuistiken vorgestellt, die mittels deskriptiver Analysen ausgewertet werden. Hierbei wird auf das inhaltliche Vorgehen sowie die Therapiemotivation und Emotionsregulation im Therapieverlauf eingegangen. Ein Patient mit Kontrollzwängen erhielt zunächst EMDR-Sitzungen und anschließend Expositionsübungen. Eine andere Patientin mit vorwiegend Zwangsgedanken wurde zuerst mit Expositionen und danach mit EMDR behandelt. Im dritten Fall wurden Expositionen und EMDR-Sitzungen abwechselnd durchgeführt. <i>Ergebnisse:</i> Die drei behandelten Patienten berichteten eine Reduktion der Zwänge um etwa 60%. EMDR wurde von allen drei Patienten als motivierend und hilfreich beschrieben. Die Arbeit an den Emotionen konnte durch EMDR angeregt und verstärkt werden. Eine deutliche Reduktion der Zwänge durch die Expositionen zeigte sich bei 2 Patienten, während diese im Zuge der EMDR-Sitzungen nur leicht abnahmen. <i>Diskussion:</i> EMDR könnte eine vielversprechende Augmentationsoption bei der Behandlung von Zwängen darstellen. Für eine bessere Beurteilung sind kontrollierte und randomisierte Studien erforderlich.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121346.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Head-Out Spirometry Accurately Monitors the Course of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Lung Infection in Mice

description: <i>Background:</i> Classic infection models in rodents use lethal doses of bacteria as inocula, thus creating models which are rarely comparable to the clinical situation. Moreover, single time-point evaluation requires killing of the animals, necessitating large numbers of animals. Longitudinal parameters such as temperature appear to have a relatively low accuracy. Spirometry might be an accurate method to assess the course of a bacterial lung infection without the necessity to sacrifice the animals. <i>Objectives:</i> We measured lung function in C57BL/6JZtm mice following intratracheal infection with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and compared it to physiological parameters and lung histology. <i>Methods:</i> Head-out spirometry measuring 14 parameters was performed on C57BL6/J mice for eight days following a <i>P. aerugino</i>sa lung infection. Additionally rectal temperature, body weight and condition were assessed together with histological data and bacteriological clearance. <i>Results:</i> Several spirometric parameters were significantly altered for more than 72 h after inoculation, which was four times longer than observed alterations in physiological parameters such as temperature. Volume (amount of air inspired) decreased more than seven-fold within 6 h after inoculation and required 72 h to recover, rendering it the most sensitive spirometric parameter investigated. Spirometric and histological data correlated well. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our findings suggest that non-invasive head-out spirometry is a reliable and highly sensitive method to longitudinally assess the course of bacterial lung infections.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121340
title: Supplementary Material for: The Morphology of the Rat Vibrissal Follicle-Sinus Complex Revealed by Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Reconstruction

description: The vibrissal follicle-sinus complex (FSC) is a sensory receptor of the mammalian integumentary system that is located around the mouth. The purpose of the present study was to identify the actual 3-dimensional structure of the rat vibrissal FSC. Rat skin tissue was serially sectioned at a thickness of 10 µm and then stained with Masson’s trichrome. The serial sections were reconstructed 3-dimensionally using Reconstruct software. The rat vibrissal follicle is a spindle-shaped structure that is embedded within a blood sinus and enveloped within a thick collagenous capsule. The vibrissal FSC is innervated by the deep vibrissal and superficial vibrissal nerves. The deep vibrissal nerve, travelling in the basal-to-apical direction, penetrates the thick collagenous capsule of the vibrissal FSC. The sinus system can be divided into a superior portion, known as the ring sinus, and an inferior portion, known as the cavernous sinus. The ring sinus contains a C-shaped structure, the ringwulst, which is suspended from the mesenchymal sheath of the follicle. Collagenous trabeculae can be seen in the cavernous sinus but not in the ring sinus. The ring sinus encircles the follicle obliquely and asymmetrically. The ringwulst encircles the follicle incompletely, in a C-shaped fashion. This study has demonstrated the previously underappreciated 3-dimensional structure of the vibrissal FSC, which differs from previously reported descriptions, and provides data that will enhance the understanding of vibrissal function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121352.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Implantable Defibrillators Improve Survival in End-Stage Renal Disease: Results from a Multi-Center Registry

description: <i>Background:</i> Small retrospective analyses suggest that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients do not obtain as much of a survival benefit from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) as non-ESRD patients do. We aimed to assess the survival effect of an ICD in ESRD patients with left ventricular dysfunction. <i>Methods:</i> Data from two registries identified ESRD patients with an ICD and ESRD patients with left ventricular dysfunction (defined as ejection fraction &lt;0.35). Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, including certain predefined covariates to assess the effect of an ICD on survival. <i>Results:</i> Overall survival in the full cohort was a median of 4.7 years with 20 deaths in the ICD group and 29 deaths in the no-ICD group. The median survival in the ICD group was 8.0 years and 3.1 years in the no-ICD group. Crude analysis showed a better survival in the ICD group as compared to the no-ICD group (p = 0.016). The multivariable analysis confirmed that the ICD group had significantly less all-cause mortality compared to the no-ICD group (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.82; p = 0.013). <i>Conclusion:</i> An ICD is associated with a higher survival in ESRD patients with left ventricular dysfunction. This result merits further study in a larger cohort of patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121331
title: Supplementary Material for: Trends in One-Year Recurrent Ischemic Stroke among the Elderly in the USA: 1994–2002

description: <i>Background and Purpose:</i> Of the 795,000 strokes occurring in the USA each year, over 20% are recurrent events. Little is known about how the rates of recurrent stroke in the country have changed over time. Our objective was to determine national trends in 1-year recurrent ischemic stroke rates by US county among the elderly from 1994 to 2002. <i>Methods:</i> One-year recurrent stroke rates following incident ischemic stroke (ICD-9 433, 434, 436) among all fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries were determined by US county for 1994–1996, 1997–1999, and 2000–2002. Bayesian spatiotemporal Poisson modeling was used to determine county-specific trends in recurrent stroke rates over time with risk adjustment for demographics, medical history and comorbid conditions. <i>Results:</i> The analysis included more than 2.5 million beneficiaries (56% women; mean age: 78 years; 87% white; n = 957,933 for 1994–1996; n = 838,330 for 1996–1999; n = 895,916 for 2000–2002) aggregated to all 3,118 US counties. After adjustment for changing patient demographics and comorbidities, there was a 4.5% decrease in recurrent stroke rates from 1994–1996 (13.2%) to 2000–2002 (12.6%; p for trend &lt;0.0001). The geographic and temporal patterns were not uniform; the recurrent stroke rates decreased within sections of the Southeast (the ‘stroke belt’), but increased in counties in the middle and western sections of the USA. <i>Conclusions:</i> The overall recurrent ischemic stroke rates declined by almost 5% from 1994 to 2002, but temporal patterns varied markedly by region. Additional research is needed to identify the reasons for this geographic disparity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121334
title: Supplementary Material for: Basilar Artery Dissection: Series of 12 Consecutive Cases and Review of the Literature

description: <i>Background:</i> Current knowledge on primary or isolated basilar artery dissection (IBAD) is limited to case vignettes and small patient series. <i>Objective:</i> To delineate the frequency and clinical presentations of IBAD along with short-term outcome, specific prognosis and targeted management. <i>Methods:</i> Data were derived from a series of 12 consecutive patients and a review of 88 cases reported in the literature. In all the cases, the dissection was confined to the basilar artery. <i>Results:</i> Disease incidence was estimated at 0.25 per 100,000 person-years. IBAD accounted for roughly 1.0% of all subarachnoid hemorrhage events and for no less than 10.5 and 4.5% of posterior circulation and brain-supplying artery dissections, respectively. The main clinical presentations were subarachnoid hemorrhage (46%) and posterior circulation brain ischemia (42%). Subarachnoid hemorrhage typically manifested at a higher age than brain ischemia (mean age, 48.9 vs. 41.4 years) and was more prevalent among women. Rebleedings related to pseudoaneurysm formation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and recurrent ischemia in stroke patients were common in the acute phase (26.1 and 33.3%, respectively) but were rare in the long term. The outcome was generally favorable in stroke patients but variable in subarachnoid hemorrhage (case fatality rate, 21.7%). The mainstay of therapy for subarachnoid hemorrhage related to IBAD was endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm pouch whereas stroke patients were usually put on anticoagulants. <i>Conclusions:</i> IBAD is probably an underrecognized disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in peritruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage, classic subarachnoid hemorrhage and posterior circulation stroke, especially in young individuals. Case management is challenging and has to be tailored to each patient.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121337
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect Size Measures in Genetic Association Studies and Age-Conditional Risk Prediction

description: The interest in risk prediction using genomic profiles has surged recently. A proper interpretation of effect size measures in association studies is crucial to accurate risk prediction. In this study, we clarified the relationship between the odds ratio (OR), relative risk and incidence rate ratios in the context of genetic association studies. We demonstrated that under the common practice of sampling prevalent cases and controls, the resulting ORs approximate the incidence rate ratios. Based on this result, we presented a framework to compute the disease risk given the current age and follow-up period (including lifetime risk), with consideration of competing risks of mortality. We considered two extensions. One is correcting the incidence rate to reflect the person-years alive and disease-free, the other is converting prevalence to incidence estimates. The methodology was applied to an example of breast cancer prediction. We observed that simply multiplying the OR by the average lifetime risk estimates yielded a final estimate &gt;100% (101%), while using our method that accounts for competing risks produces an estimate of 63% only. We also applied the method to risk prediction of Alzheimer’s disease in Hong Kong. We recommend that companies offering direct-to-consumer genetic testing employ more rigorous prediction algorithms considering competing risks.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121328
title: Supplementary Material for: Association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (–308G→A and –238G→A) Polymorphisms and Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Ischemic Strokes and Silent Brain Infarctions

description: <i>Background and Purpose:</i> The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-α <i>(TNF-</i>α<i>)</i> polymorphisms in patients susceptible to ischemic stroke and silent brain infarction (SBI), and to determine the relationship between <i>TNF-</i>α polymorphisms and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. <i>Methods:</i> We studied 237 patients with ischemic stroke, 257 patients with SBIs, and 216 control subjects. For control subjects, we selected healthy individuals matched for gender and age from those individuals who came to our hospital for health examinations. The <i>TNF-</i>α–308G→A and –238G→A genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. <i>Results:</i> The frequency of the <i>TNF-</i>α–308G→A polymorphism was significantly different between the patients with ischemic stroke and the control group (GG vs. GA+AA; adjusted odds ratio, AOR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.255–0.989). By subgroup analysis, when tHcy levels were stratified into high (&gt;10.80 µmol/l), moderate (8.21–10.80 µmol/l), and low levels (&lt;8.21 µmol/l), the frequency of the <i>TNF-</i>α–308GA+AA genotype in the highest tertile group was higher than in the lowest tertile group (AOR 2.46; 95% CI 1.063–5.699). However, the relationship between SBI susceptibility and polymorphisms of <i>TNF-</i>αwas not established. The tHcy levels were significantly and inversely correlated with folate levels in the <i>TNF-</i>α–308GG and <i>TNF-</i>α–238GG genotypes in the ischemic stroke, SBI, and control groups (p&lt; 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> Our results suggest that the <i>TNF-</i>α–308G→A polymorphism is responsible for susceptibility to ischemic stroke and is associated with high tHcy levels in Koreans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121331.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Trends in One-Year Recurrent Ischemic Stroke among the Elderly in the USA: 1994–2002

description: <i>Background and Purpose:</i> Of the 795,000 strokes occurring in the USA each year, over 20% are recurrent events. Little is known about how the rates of recurrent stroke in the country have changed over time. Our objective was to determine national trends in 1-year recurrent ischemic stroke rates by US county among the elderly from 1994 to 2002. <i>Methods:</i> One-year recurrent stroke rates following incident ischemic stroke (ICD-9 433, 434, 436) among all fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries were determined by US county for 1994–1996, 1997–1999, and 2000–2002. Bayesian spatiotemporal Poisson modeling was used to determine county-specific trends in recurrent stroke rates over time with risk adjustment for demographics, medical history and comorbid conditions. <i>Results:</i> The analysis included more than 2.5 million beneficiaries (56% women; mean age: 78 years; 87% white; n = 957,933 for 1994–1996; n = 838,330 for 1996–1999; n = 895,916 for 2000–2002) aggregated to all 3,118 US counties. After adjustment for changing patient demographics and comorbidities, there was a 4.5% decrease in recurrent stroke rates from 1994–1996 (13.2%) to 2000–2002 (12.6%; p for trend &lt;0.0001). The geographic and temporal patterns were not uniform; the recurrent stroke rates decreased within sections of the Southeast (the ‘stroke belt’), but increased in counties in the middle and western sections of the USA. <i>Conclusions:</i> The overall recurrent ischemic stroke rates declined by almost 5% from 1994 to 2002, but temporal patterns varied markedly by region. Additional research is needed to identify the reasons for this geographic disparity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121334.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Basilar Artery Dissection: Series of 12 Consecutive Cases and Review of the Literature

description: <i>Background:</i> Current knowledge on primary or isolated basilar artery dissection (IBAD) is limited to case vignettes and small patient series. <i>Objective:</i> To delineate the frequency and clinical presentations of IBAD along with short-term outcome, specific prognosis and targeted management. <i>Methods:</i> Data were derived from a series of 12 consecutive patients and a review of 88 cases reported in the literature. In all the cases, the dissection was confined to the basilar artery. <i>Results:</i> Disease incidence was estimated at 0.25 per 100,000 person-years. IBAD accounted for roughly 1.0% of all subarachnoid hemorrhage events and for no less than 10.5 and 4.5% of posterior circulation and brain-supplying artery dissections, respectively. The main clinical presentations were subarachnoid hemorrhage (46%) and posterior circulation brain ischemia (42%). Subarachnoid hemorrhage typically manifested at a higher age than brain ischemia (mean age, 48.9 vs. 41.4 years) and was more prevalent among women. Rebleedings related to pseudoaneurysm formation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and recurrent ischemia in stroke patients were common in the acute phase (26.1 and 33.3%, respectively) but were rare in the long term. The outcome was generally favorable in stroke patients but variable in subarachnoid hemorrhage (case fatality rate, 21.7%). The mainstay of therapy for subarachnoid hemorrhage related to IBAD was endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm pouch whereas stroke patients were usually put on anticoagulants. <i>Conclusions:</i> IBAD is probably an underrecognized disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in peritruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage, classic subarachnoid hemorrhage and posterior circulation stroke, especially in young individuals. Case management is challenging and has to be tailored to each patient.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121337.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect Size Measures in Genetic Association Studies and Age-Conditional Risk Prediction

description: The interest in risk prediction using genomic profiles has surged recently. A proper interpretation of effect size measures in association studies is crucial to accurate risk prediction. In this study, we clarified the relationship between the odds ratio (OR), relative risk and incidence rate ratios in the context of genetic association studies. We demonstrated that under the common practice of sampling prevalent cases and controls, the resulting ORs approximate the incidence rate ratios. Based on this result, we presented a framework to compute the disease risk given the current age and follow-up period (including lifetime risk), with consideration of competing risks of mortality. We considered two extensions. One is correcting the incidence rate to reflect the person-years alive and disease-free, the other is converting prevalence to incidence estimates. The methodology was applied to an example of breast cancer prediction. We observed that simply multiplying the OR by the average lifetime risk estimates yielded a final estimate &gt;100% (101%), while using our method that accounts for competing risks produces an estimate of 63% only. We also applied the method to risk prediction of Alzheimer’s disease in Hong Kong. We recommend that companies offering direct-to-consumer genetic testing employ more rigorous prediction algorithms considering competing risks.