cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dedgmp
title: NASA Deep Space Network Preparations for the Artemis II Crewed Mission to the Moon

description: NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) is preparing to support the upcoming crewed missions that will return humans to the Moon, starting with the Artemis II mission slated to launch in the mid-2020’s. With completion of NASA’s Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) mission in 2014 and the more recent Artemis I mission launched in late 2022, which both involved testing of an uncrewed Orion spacecraft in a flight environment, the next step will be to send astronauts in Orion to fly by the Moon and return safely to Earth, in preparation for future lunar surface crewed missions. The Artemis II mission will provide this crucial link, bridging the gap between the uncrewed demonstration flights and the crewed lunar surface missions. DSN is slated to provide telecommunications coverage for Artemis II from the time the Orion spacecraft leaves the near-Earth vicinity through lunar transit, arrival, swing-by and departure, and return to the near-Earth vicinity. This paper describes work underway for DSN support of the Artemis II mission, with a focus on the pre-launch end-to-end space communications and RF compatibility test campaign. Differences between the Artemis II and Artemis I missions will be highlighted, including changes to the flight vehicle as well as the ground segment.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.1wvf4y
title: Effects of Global Dust Storms on Water Vapor in the Southern Polar Region of Mars

description: Martian Global Dust Storms (GDS) can significantly affect the water cycle in the lower atmosphere (040 km). We compare evolution of water vapor abundances, dust opacity and surface temperatures in the Southern Polar Region (SPR) during GDS years of MY25, MY28 and MY34 relative to years without GDS. During all GDS years, the vapor abundances decrease in the lower atmosphere in the SPR following the storm. Our results suggest that this decrease could be the result of disruption of the southward transport of vapor by atmospheric circulation. Alternatively, the decrease in vapor abundances could be caused by decreased desorption of vapor from the subsurface.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.8v1fgo
title: Status of NASA’s stellar astrometry testbeds for exoplanet detection: Science and technology overview

description: Accurate measurement of exoplanetary masses is a critical step in addressing key aspects of NASA’s science vision. Measuring masses of Earth-analogs around FGK stars out to 10 pc requires sub-microarcsecond astrometric accuracy, which is not within the capabilities of current instrumentation. Thus, new technology will be required to build an astrometric instrument capable of achieving such performance. This will immediately empower the possibility for dedicated astrometric missions, and perhaps most enticingly, it will enable astrometric observing modes to be added to any mission boasting a sufficiently stable direct imaging platform. In this paper, we provide an overview of the scientific goals and technology utilized on NASA’s testbeds dedicated to advancing stellar astrometry for exoplanet detection. The first one, located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), is dedicated to imaging stellar astrometry on sparse fields. The goal of this testbed is to mature the Diffractive Pupil (DP) technology to TRL-5, demonstrating high-fidelity performance in a relevant environment. This testbed operates in a vacuum tank at the High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at JPL, and has demonstrated detection of signals of 1.58e-5 λ/D which is equivalent to 0.75 μas on Hubble. The second testbed, Is also located at JPL, but it is dedicated to advancing narrow angle relative astrometry to detect exoplanets around nearby binary stars. The key technology in this testbed is a DP specially designed to measure the angle between two sources on the sky. This testbed operates in air now, but we are designing a new version of this testbed that will operate in vacuum with the goal of demonstrating sub-microarcsecond accuracy astrometric measurements between binary stars.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.u1odhx
title: Correlation Study of SWOT Payload Acoustic Prediction and Test

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.elaurh
title: A Rapid CubeSat Demonstration of an AM Battery Case with Embedded Oscillating Heat Pipes

description: The CubeSat Technology Exploration Project (CubeSTEP) is developing a test platform for the rapid maturation of emerging spacecraft technologies. This paper presents the development of a CubeSat demonstration for an innovative additively manufactured battery thermal control system using Oscillating Heat Pipes (OHP). This Additively Manufactured (AM) battery case OHP is currently under development at NASA JPL. In an effort to mature this technology, two OHP battery case designs developed by Cal Poly Pomona in collaboration with JPL are presented. These AM OHP battery cases are designed to be integrated and tested onboard the CubeSTEP platform. The spacecraft structure and the OHPs are additively manufactured with metal powder-based fusion techniques using AlSi10Mg. The CubeSat bus and OHPs have been designed for printing to minimize clean-up, powder removal, and post-processing. Our work presents the preliminary design and development of the CubeSTEP platform and the AM OHP battery case. The system design utilizes structural topology optimization and highlights the application of additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping in SmallSat development.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.py1xkr
title: Performance and Early Results from the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Imaging Spectroscopy Mission

description: The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) acquires new observations of the Earth from a state-of-the-art, optically fast F/1.8 visible to short wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer with high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent spectroscopic uniformity. EMIT was launched to the International Space Station from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on July 14, 2022 local time. The EMIT instrument is the latest in a series of more than 30 imaging spectrometers and testbeds developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, beginning with the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer that first flew in 1982. EMIT’s science objectives use the spectral signatures of minerals observed across the Earth’s arid and semi-arid lands containing dust sources to update the soil composition of advanced Earth System Models (ESMs) to better understand and reduce uncertainties in mineral dust aerosol radiative forcing at the local, regional, and global scale, now and in the future. EMIT has begun to collect and deliver high-quality mineral composition determinations for the arid land regions of our planet. Over 1 billion high-quality mineral determinations are expected over the course of the one-year nominal science mission. Currently, detailed knowledge of the composition of the Earth’s mineral dust source regions is uncertain and traced to less than 5,000 surface sample mineralogical analyses. The development of the EMIT imaging spectrometer instrumentation was completed successfully, despite the severe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EMIT Science Data System is complete and running with the full set of algorithms required. These tested algorithms are open source and will be made available to the broader community. These include calibration to measured radiance, atmospheric correction to surface reflectance, mineral composition determination, aggregation to ESM resolution, and ESM runs to address the science objectives. In this paper, the instrument characteristics, ground calibration, in-orbit performance, and early science results are reported.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0tyhky
title: Water stress dominate 21st-century tropical land carbon uptake

description: Water stress regulates land-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) exchanges in the tropics; however, its role remains poorly characterized due to the confounding roles of radiation, temperature and canopy dynamics. In particular, uncertainty stems from the relative roles of plant-available water (supply) and atmospheric water vapor deficit (demand) as mechanistic drivers of photosynthetic carbon (C) uptake variability. Using satellite measurements of gravity, CO2 and fluorescence to constrain a mechanistic carbon-water cycle model from 2001–2018, we found that the interannual variability (IAV) of water stress on photosynthetic C uptake was 52% greater than the combined effects of other factprs. Surprisingly, the dominance of water stress on C uptake IAV was greater in the wet tropics (94%) than in the dry tropics (26%). Plant-available water supply and atmospheric demand both contributed to the IAV of water stress on photosynthetic C uptake across the tropics, but the IAV of demand effects was 21% greater than the IAV of supply effects (33% greater in the wet tropics and 6% greater in the dry tropics). We found that the IAV of water stress on C uptake was 24% greater than the IAV of the combination of other factors in the net land-atmosphere C sink in the whole tropics, 26% greater in the wet tropics, and 7% greater in the dry tropics. Given the recent trends in tropical precipitation and atmospheric humidity, our findings indicate that water stress–––from both supply and demand–––will likely dominate the climate response of land C sink across tropical ecosystems in the coming decades.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ar4yxl
title: System of Magnetically Aligning Reconfigurable Tiny Vube Satellites (SMARTCubeS)

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.mlbsdt
title: Spatially Constrained Atmosphere and Surface Retrieval for Imag- ing Spectroscopy

description: Imaging spectrometers provide important Earth surface data for terrestrial and aquatic ecology, hydrology, geology through retrieved surface reflectance spectra. Surface reflectance is generally recovered from measured radiance through model inversions of the surface and atmospheric system. Most retrieval approaches treat all pixels independently and ignore spatial correlations in the atmosphere for neighboring pixels, resulting in surface-related biases in the retrieved surface and atmospheric parameters. In this work, we present a mathematical framework to more accurately retrieve surface reflectance and atmospheric parameters by leveraging the expected spatial smoothness of the atmosphere. This framework retrieves the full spatial-spectral reflectance data cube in a computationally efficient manner and is to our knowledge the first approach capable of accurately finding this global solution for large imaging spectroscopy datasets. We implement this mathematical framework in an example proposed algorithm which we call spatially constrained optimal estimation (SCOE). We show that SCOE improves the overall surface reflectance retrieval error, reduces surface-related biases in the retrieved surface reflectance and atmospheric parameters, and is more robust to noise than a traditional pixel-by-pixel approach and an operational empirical line approach in simulated and experimental results. This reduction in surface reflectance error will impact science data products across application areas, making imaging spectroscopy algorithms more robust for global acquisitions.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.qdtshz
title: CARDAMOM 3.0: A versatile data assimilation framework to infer carbon, water, and energy cycling using diverse Earth observations

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.tpehoo
title: Considerations for real-time embedded software on Mars,and also,How we found hope by creating it

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.yuyisg
title: Enhancing the Interoperability and Reusability of Airborne and Field Data

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.cwock2
title: Aerosol Atmospheric Rivers as Drivers of Extreme Poor Air Quality Events and Record PM2.5 Levels

description: This study investigates the impacts of aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs) on extreme Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels (i.e. PM2.5 &gt; 15μgm-3, daily guideline by the World Health Organization) and on aerosol optical depth (AOD) extremes (AOD &gt; local 98th percentile) over the US and the globe, respectively, between 1997-2020. Results show that over various regions over the US, extreme PM2.5 values are associated with AARs up to 70% of the time. Dust (sulfate) AARs are primarily responsible for extreme PM2.5 levels over the southwestern (northeastern and the east coastal) US. Organic and black carbon AARs are associated with extreme PM2.5 levels over the Midwest region of the US. Globally, AARs are associated with 40-80% of the extreme AOD levels over the Sahel region, Europe, the Middle East, the US, South America, East Asia, India, and South Africa. Such associations often lead to the highest or the second-highest PM2.5 and AOD levels recorded during the study period over those stations.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.1qhoii
title: Localization of Methane Signals in Gale Crater

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.v9pabl
title: The ALMA-QUARKS survey: – I. Survey description and data reduction

description: In the Turbulent Core model, massive prestellar cores are suggested as the precursors of massive stars. However, only a handful of these candidates have been discovered so far. We conducted highresolution ALMA observations at Band 3 (∼ 2′′, 6000 au) and Band 6 (∼ 0.3′′, 900 au) targeting the MM1 clump in the filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G34.43+0.24. Our observations reveal cores MM1-C and E1 as prestellar core candidates with masses of 71 and 20 M⊙ and radii of 2100–4400 au, and they show no obvious sign of active star-formation activities. In particular, MM1-C is a promising massive prestellar core candidate. Within MM1-C, we detected two extremely dense substructures, C1 and C2, as characterized by nH2 ∼ 108−9cm−3. Moreover, evidence of further fragmentation in C2 was also found. We have detected the primordial fragmentation in the earliest stage of massive star formation. We speculate that MM1-C would be the birthplace of a massive multiple system.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.7bflmn
title: Characterizing Wildfires Using Collocated Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder and Narrow-band Imager Observations

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lfftkn
title: Miniaturizing Mechanical Systems for CubeSats: Design Principles and Lessons Learned

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.vjb2s2
title: Geometric properties of water-ice clouds as observed from Jezero Crater in the first 600 sols with the NavCam Instrument onboard Mars2020 Rover, Perseverance

description: In the first 600 sols of the Mars2020 mission, LS 5.6o to 316.8o, 46 cloud movies and 145 cloud surveys were collected to observe clouds at Jezero Crater, the landing site of Perseverance Rover. Cloud movies were processed using the Mean Frame Subtraction (MFS) method revealing cloud structures, which were subsequently analysed using digital image processing. Two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) were used to compute cloud structure sizes ranging from 2.90 km to 15.25 km for clouds between 30 km to 50 km altitude, based on coincident Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) vertical profiles of atmospheric water-ice. Same-value thresholding was utilized to detect the cloud structures in MFS-processed and projected cloud movies. The resolution dependence needed to resolve these structures over various thresholds was examined to find multifractal scaling of Mars clouds for resolutions between 0.1 km and 1.6 km. We characterize the multi-scaling observed in the images and its implications for the design of cloud-tracking cameras from the surface as well as cloud-resolving models.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0rnbcm
title: RTL to Software Model using COSIDE and SystemC

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.oyehuq
title: A hyperspectral view of the nearshore Mississippi River Delta: characterizing suspended particles in coastal wetlands using imaging spectroscopy

description: The concentration of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in coastal waters is an important parameter for sediment availability on vulnerable coastlines over space and time. Hydrodynamic modeling provides a tool for extending measured sediment dynamics to changing conditions and can help predict which areas of a coastline will keep pace with erosion, sea level rise, and subsidence and which areas will lose ground. Imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral imaging) of the nearshore coastal ocean provides opportunities to measure TSS over entire drainage basins at high spatial and temporal resolution to calibrate and validate hydrodynamic modeling. Here, we used a large (222 points) dataset of in situ TSS and remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) measurements collected in settings from narrow channels to open-water bays in coastal Louisiana to develop an algorithm for retrieving TSS in estuarine to continental-shelf waters. This partial-least-squares-regression (PLSR) algorithm was applied to imagery from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument, collected during the 2021 NASA EVS-3 Delta-X campaign, to characterize variability in TSS. The performance of the TSS algorithm (R2 = 0.98, MAPE = 13%, MAE=4.5 mg L-1) during in situ and end-to-end validation was compared to reference algorithms to assess the advantages of high spectral resolution and visible-near infrared reflectance bands. Small- and large-scale features in the distribution of TSS mapped from airborne imager were analyzed as indicators of flow direction and hydrodynamic setting between seasons and between a marsh-influenced and a river-influenced coastal basin. Bio-optical modeling conducted to characterize the influence of bottom reflection on TSS retrieval in optically shallow waters found that bottom reflectance had minimal impact on retrieval accuracy in waters &gt; 0.65 m deep. The robust validation dataset of simultaneous matchups provided opportunities for end-to-end TSS retrieval validation and to create recommendations for incorporating TSS maps for hydrodynamic modeling.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.kxp6uj
title: The POKEMON Speckle Survey of Nearby M dwarfs. II. Observations of 1124 Targets

description: Stellar multiplicity is correlated with many stellar properties, yet multiplicity measurements have proven difficult for the M dwarfs – the most common type of star in our galaxy – due to their faintness and the fact that a reasonably-complete inventory of laterMdwarfs did not exist until recently. We have therefore carried out the Pervasive Overview of “Kompanions” of Every M dwarf in Our Neighborhood (POKEMON) survey, which made use of the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument on the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope, along with the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the 3.5-meter WIYN telescope. The POKEMON sample is volume-limited from M0V through M9V out to 15 pc, with additional brighter targets at larger distances. In total, 1124 targets were observed. New discoveries were presented in the first paper in the series. In this second paper in the series, we present all detected companions, gauge our astrometric and photometric precision, and compare our filtered and filterless speckle observations. We find that the majority (58.9%) of the companions we detect in our speckle images are not resolved in Gaia, demonstrating the need for high-resolution imaging in addition to long-term astrometric monitoring. Additionally, we find that the majority (73.2%) of simulated stellar companions would be detectable by our speckle observations. Specifically within 100 au, we find that 70.2% of simulated companions are recovered. Finally, we discuss future directions of the POKEMON survey.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.n55pvb
title: Wide Temperature Battery Development for Robotic Spacecraft

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ci2zd8
title: EXEP: NASA SBIR Subtopic S12.01: Exoplanet Technologies

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.7o0hdi
title: Considerations for real-time embedded software on Mars,and also,How we found hope by creating it

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.5vjeul
title: EMIT Performance and On-Orbit Calibration

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.a5lr86
title: Sabertooth Integrated Avionics for Small Spacecraft Missions

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.iqy3tm
title: Europa talk to Smithsonian

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.rgjrap
title: Building a model for regenerative kelp cultivation in coastal oceans

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0gjk8l
title: Remote Sensing of Levees and Land Subsidence

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.qrx2ow
title: Chapter 4: A Geological and Chemical Context for the Origins of Life on Early Earth

description: Within the first billion years of Earth’s history, the planet transformed from a hot, barren, and inhospitable landscape to an environment conducive to the emergence and persistence of life. This chapter will review the state of knowledge concerning the early Earth’s (Hadean/Eoarchean) geochemical environment, including the origin and composition of the planet’s moon, crust, oceans, atmosphere, and organic content. I¬t will also discuss abiotic geochemical cycling of the CHONPS elements and how these species could have been converted to biologically relevant building blocks, polymers, and chemical networks. Proposed environments for abiogenesis events are also described and evaluated. An understanding of the geochemical processes under which life may have emerged can better inform our assessment of the habitability of other worlds, the potential complexity that abiotic chemistry can achieve (which has implications for putative biosignatures), and the possibility for biochemistries that are vastly different from those on Earth.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.oockq9
title: Europa Clipper: Mission Update to OPAG

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ssrqiq
title: Automated Detection of Dust-Devil Induced Pressure Signals

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.io7he5
title: Methane emissions decline from reduced oil, natural gas, and refinery production during COVID-19

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.zf5dtf
title: Distributed Health Management for Resilient Multi-agent Collaborative Spacecraft Inspection

description: As the development of challenging missions like on-orbit construction and collaborative inspection that involve multi-agent systems increases, the requirements needed to improve post-failure safety to maintain the mission performance also increases, especially when operating under uncertain conditions. In particular, space missions that involve distributed spacecraft systems (DSS) in low Earth orbit for Earth observation and on-orbit servicing purposes are susceptible to threats, making DSS prone to failures that are detrimental to its overall system performance. This paper describes recent progress towards the development of a distributed health monitoring system that uses artificial intelligence mechanisms to detect for potential threats to a DSS. The approach is applied to the problem of providing resiliency to potential failures for a fleet of spacecraft that are performing an on-orbit inspection. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the performance and capabilities of this architecture when the spacecraft network is subjected to different threats such as bounded disturbances and actuator failures.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.j4wnrw
title: Space Flight Software

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.yephqy
title: Summary of Galilean Moons Workshop for OPAG meeting

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.bhh7oo
title: Report to OPAG on the July and September Uranus mission workshops

description: No abstract available.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.xqucmy
title: Software for Space

description: No abstract available.