cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/34dw-st37
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Prahl et al. 2006 SE Pacific Alkenone Calibration Data

description: An empirical global core-top calibration that relates the alkenone unsaturation index Uk'37 to mean annual SST (maSST) is statistically the same as that defined for a subarctic Pacific strain of Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP1742) grown exponentially in batch culture under isothermal conditions. Although both equations have been applied widely for paleoSST reconstruction, uncertainty still stems from two key ecological factors: variability in the details of biosynthesis among genetically distinct alkenone-producing strains, and impacts of non-thermal physiological growth factors on Uk'37. New batch culture experiments with CCMP1742 here reveal that Uk'37 diverge systematically from the core-top calibration in response to nutrient depletion and light deprivation, two physiological stresses experienced by phytoplankton populations in the real ocean. Other aspects of alkenone/alkenoate composition also respond to these stresses and may serve as signatures of such effects, providing an opportunity to detect, understand, and potentially correct for such impacts on the geologic record. A test case documents that sediments from the Southeast Pacific display the alkenone/alkenoate compositional signature characteristic of cells physiologically stressed by light deprivation. Such an observation could be explained if marine snow provided a major vector of sedimentation for these biomarkers. Late Pleistocene Uk'37 records in the Southeast Pacific yield plausible paleotemperature histories of ice-age cooling, but ice-age alkenone/alkenoate signatures fall outside the range of modern calibration samples of similar Uk'37. They better match core-top samples deposited beneath waters characterized by much cooler maSST, suggesting key features of ice-age ecology for alkenone-producing haptophytes were different from today, and that the Uk'37 index taken alone may misgauge the total range of ice-age cooling at these locations. Analysis of the full spectrum of alkenone/alkenoate compositions preserved in sediments opens up a new opportunity that may improve the accuracy of paleotemperature estimates based on simple Uk'37 analysis and help resolve longstanding disagreements between various paleotemperature reconstruction methods.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.35679.05281
title: Scoreputting.zip
DOI: 10.25921/3af8-vq87
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Beerling et al. 2009 MATLAB Code for CO2 Estimates from Leaf Stomatal Index

description: The relationship between atmospheric CO2 and ancient climate is of fundamental importance for gauging the climate sensitivity of the Earth system to a changing CO2 regime. One of the most widely adopted paleobiological CO2 proxies for reconstructing Earth's atmospheric CO2 history exploits the inverse relationship between leaf stomatal index, the fraction of leaf epidermal cells that are stomatal structures, and atmospheric CO2. However, fossil leaf-based CO2 reconstructions make a priori assumptions about the form of the empirical relationship between SI and CO2 required for transfer functions and have failed to correctly propagate error terms. These effects can translate into erroneous interpretations that undermine the value of the proxy. Here we report the development and application of a rigorous generalized statistical framework overcoming these limitations that generates probability density functions for each atmospheric CO2 estimate. The utility of our statistical tools is demonstrated by showing how they revise earlier atmospheric CO2 estimates from fossil cuticles of Ginkgo and Metasequoia trees during the early Eocene and middle Miocene warm periods upwards by +150 to 250 ppm to 450 to 700 ppm. The revised CO2 reconstructions therefore help to resolve the paradox of warm Paleogene and Neogene greenhouse climates co-existing with near present-day levels of CO2 and support the emerging view from independent paleoclimate studies for a high climate sensitivity of the Earth system. The statistical tools presented are sufficiently versatile to permit their use in other investigations of paleoCO2 estimates from fossil leaves.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.27395.30241
title: A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR NATIONAL INITIATIVE TO MEASURE THE QUALITY OF CARE IN HOSPITALS (PARETO DIAGRAM)
DOI: 10.25921/369r-az15
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - McGregor et al. 2010 350 Year Unified ENSO Proxy Reconstruction

description: In this manuscript we have attempted to consolidate the common signal in previously defined proxy reconstructions of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation into one individual proxy titled the Unified ENSO Proxy (UEP). While correlating well with the majority of input reconstructions, the UEP provides better representation of observed indices of ENSO, discrete ENSO events and documented historical chronologies of ENSO than any of these input ENSO reconstructions. Further to this, the UEP also provides a means to reconstruct the PDO/IPO multi-decadal variability of the Pacific Ocean as the low-pass filtered UEP displays multi-decadal variability that is consistent with the 20th century variability of the PDO and IPO. The UEP is then used to describe changes in ENSO variability which have occurred since 1650 focusing on changes in ENSOs variance, multi-year ENSO events, PDO-like multi-decadal variability and the effects of volcanic and solar forcing on ENSO. We find that multi-year El Niño events similar to the 1990–1995 event have occurred several times over the last 3 1/2 centuries. Consistent with earlier studies we find that volcanic forcing can induce a statistically significant change in the mean state of ENSO in the year of the eruption and a doubling of the probability of an El Niño (La Niña) event occurring in the year of (three years after) the eruption.
description: Unified ENSO Proxy combining ENSO and PDO/IPO Pacific climate variability.  10 commonly used ENSO proxies (Dunbar et al., 1994; Stahle et al., 1998; Cook, 2000; Mann et al., 2000; Evans et al., 2001, 2002; Cobb et al., 2003; Cook et al., 2008; Braganza et al., 2009) are consolidated via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) into a unified ENSO proxy (UEP) that captures the joint features of these reconstructions.A second scaled UEP column was added to this file in July 2010. The scaled column has 20th century variability scaled to match the variability of hadSST nino 3 region SSTA.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jhrczg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 46 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Oxythyrea funesta",
 "Country is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 46 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024964-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25921/3hwz-z793
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Fleitmann et al. 2009 Sofular Cave, Turkey 50KYr Stable Isotope Data

description: A 50 kyr-long exceptionally well-dated and highly resolved stalagmite oxygen (d18O) and carbon (d13C) isotope record from Sofular Cave in northwestern Turkey helps to further improve the dating of Greenland Interstadials (GI) 1, and 3-12. Timing of most GI in the Sofular record is consistent within ±10 to 300 years with the "iconic" Hulu Cave record. Larger divergences (>500 years) between Sofular and Hulu are only observed for GI 4 and 7. The Sofular record differs from the most recent NGRIP chronology by up to several centuries, whereas age offsets do not increase systematically with depth. The Sofular record also reveals a rapid and sensitive climate and ecosystem response in the eastern Mediterranean to GI, whereas a phase lag of ~100 years between climate and full ecosystem response is evident. Finally, results of spectral analyses of the Sofular isotope records do not support a 1,470-year pacing of GI.
description: Stable isotope (carbon and oxygen) of stalagmite So-1 from Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey. 230Th dating of stalagmite So-1 was made on a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune) at the Minnesota Isotope Laboratory, University of Minnesota (auxiliary material Table A1). Further 230Th dating on all stalagmites was done on a Nu Instruments MC-ICP-MS at the Geological Institute, University of Bern. Stable isotope analyses were performed on a Finnigan Delta V Advantage mass spectrometer equipped with an automated carbonate preparation system (Gas Bench-II) at the Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern. Precision of d13C and d18O measurements is 0.06‰ and 0.07‰ (1s-error) respectively. Sofular Cave:  41°25'N, 31°56'E, 700 m elev. LAST UPDATE 2/2024: Added depths from SISAL database to data table.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.33916.13442
title: A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR NATIONAL INITIATIVE TO MEASURE THE QUALITY OF CARE IN HOSPITALS (ADMISSION & DISCHARGE): Control Chart
DOI: 10.25921/3fpt-zn88
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Fan - Hengduan Mountains 11YC_T_r - TSDU - ITRDB CHIN038

description: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Climatology - temperature analyses
#  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.65szsc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Monoplacophora)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((110 -90,120 -90,120 -80,110 -80,110 -90))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024966-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.25921/3ndg-ce49
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cook - Astore-Rama - ABPI - ITRDB PAKI017

description: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Climatology - temperature analyses NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/3t50-px47
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Voelker - MOFEP Site 4 - QUCO - ITRDB MO063

description: Despite experimental evidence showing that elevated CO2 levels increase growth in most plants, the isolation of a signal consistent with anthropogenically caused increases in atmospheric CO2 from the dendrochronological record has shown mixed results. Our extensive sets of tree ring data from the Ozark Mountains in Missouri showed that since 1850, Quercus velutina Lam., Quercus coccinea Muench., and Pinus echinata Mill. trees increased in stem growth coincidently with increases in atmospheric CO2. Those long-term increases in radial growth appear unrelated to historical disturbance levels for the region, to long-term changes in relevant climatic variables, or to productivity of sites sampled for the purpose of creating a time sequence of tree ring growth. It is still unclear what the potential role of nitrogen deposition might have been for tree growth. We cross-dated a large number of increment cores and aligned the ring width data by pith date for accurate age constant assessments of growth over the past 150 years. Thus, we circumvented changes in growth trend associated with differences in physiological functioning during development, as well as the need for statistical detrending that removes an unknown degree of long-term environmental signal, the so called segment length curse that applies to standard dendrochronological investigations. When the positive relationship between CO2 and ring width was examined at different ages, an ontogenetic decline in the rate of growth stimulation was found. Specifically, both the pooled Quercus spp. and P. echinata were characterized by a negative exponential pattern of response over a developmental sequence through age 50. Further knowledge of an intrinsic decline in CO2 sensitivity with tree age or size such as this may be important for increased accuracy in estimating terrestrial carbon stocks across successional landscapes.
description: Cores Stored at:
# Oregon State University
# 
# Data were collected on tagged trees from MOFEP plots that were 
# dominated by black oak, scarlet oak and shortleaf pine. The trees were 
# dominant or co-dominant. Each series ID represents the site (first 
# digit) plot (second two digits) and tree (last three digits). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.

# Publication DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0549:HCGEDW]2.0.CO;2
DOI: 10.25921/3egm-zr66
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southern Annular Mode 1000 Year Reconstruction

description: The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion; however, the brevity of observational records from Antarctica - one of the core zones that defines SAM variability - limits our understanding of long-term SAM behaviour. Here we reconstruct annual mean changes in the SAM since AD 1000 using, for the first time, proxy records that encompass the full mid-latitude to polar domain across the Drake Passage sector. We find that the SAM has undergone a progressive shift towards its positive phase since the fifteenth century, causing cooling of the main Antarctic continent at the same time that the Antarctic Peninsula has warmed. The positive trend in the SAM since ~AD 1940 is reproduced by multimodel climate simulations forced with rising greenhouse gas levels and later ozone depletion, and the long-term average SAM index is now at its highest level for at least the past 1,000 years. Reconstructed SAM trends before the twentieth century are more prominent than those in radiative-forcing climate experiments and may be associated with a teleconnected response to tropical Pacific climate. Our findings imply that predictions of further greenhouse-driven increases in the SAM over the coming century also need to account for the possibility of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes.
description: 1000 year multiproxy reconstruction of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Index. 
Primary data sources: James Ross Island ice core 1000 year Deuterium and Melt data; PAGES 2k South America data compilation; PAGES 2k Antarctica data compilation.
DOI: 10.25921/34ex-vg58
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Indo-Pacific Warm Pool 35KYr Foraminiferal d18Oseawater Estimates

description: Evidence from geologic archives suggests that there were large changes in the tropical hydrologic cycle associated with the two prominent northern hemisphere deglacial cooling events, Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; ~19 to 15 kyr BP; kyr BP = 1000 yr before present) and the Younger Dryas (~12.9 to 11.7 kyr BP). These hydrologic shifts have been alternatively attributed to high and low latitude origin. Here, we present a new record of hydrologic variability based on planktic foraminifera-derived d18O of seawater (d18Osw) estimates from a sediment core from the tropical Eastern Indian Ocean, and using 12 additional d18Osw records, construct a single record of the dominant mode of tropical Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) hydrologic variability. We show that deglacial hydrologic shifts parallel variations in the reconstructed interhemispheric temperature gradient, suggesting a strong response to variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the attendant heat redistribution. A transient model simulation of the last deglaciation suggests that hydrologic changes, including a southward shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which likely occurred during these northern hemisphere cold events, coupled with oceanic advection and mixing, resulted in increased salinity in the Indonesian region of the IPWP and the eastern tropical Pacific, which is recorded by the d18Osw proxy. Based on our observations and modeling results we suggest the interhemispheric temperature gradient directly controls the tropical hydrologic cycle on these time scales, which in turn mediates poleward atmospheric heat transport.
description: Planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and oxygen isotope (d18O) data, plus estimated d18Oseawater and ice volume corrected del18Oseawater for the past 35,000 years from sediment core GeoB10069-3, collected in the tropical Eastern Indian Ocean.  All data are from G. ruber. Also included is a regional average of ice volume corrected del18Oseawater and a principal component analysis of this dataset.  Cores included in the average and principal component analysis:
Core	loadings for PC1	loadings for PC2	loadings for PC3
GeoB10029-4	0.2696	0.1876	-0.5975
GeoB10038-4	0.4472	-0.5975	0.2573
GeoB10069-3	0.3045	-0.2522	-0.0749
MD97-2141	0.1486	0.3436	-0.0994
MD98-2162	0.3589	0.2571	0.4049
MD98-2165	0.3499	-0.0312	0.0125
MD98-2170	0.0223	0.2236	-0.1788
MD98-2176	0.0122	0.1131	-0.0811
MD01-2378	0.1487	0.1509	-0.0677
MD98-2181	0.2556	0.1442	-0.0138
MD01-2390	0.108	0.2434	0.2675
V21-30	0.272	-0.0454	-0.0382
ME0005A-43JC	0.3045	-0.1489	-0.4681
TR163-22	0.308	0.4113	0.2485
DOI: 10.25921/3fr0-7179
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Kaiser - Yakutat Inner Terminal Moraine - PCSI - ITRDB AK139

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/37zr-zs60
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Western Atlantic Late Paleogene Foraminiferal Stable Isotope and Mg/Ca Data

description: Global cooling and the development of continental-scale Antarctic glaciation occurred in the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~38 to 28 million years ago), accompanied by deep-ocean reorganization attributed to gradual Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) development. Our benthic foraminiferal stable isotope comparisons show that a large d13C offset developed between mid-depth (~600 meters) and deep (>1000 meters) western North Atlantic waters in the early Oligocene, indicating the development of intermediate-depth d13C and O2 minima closely linked in the modern ocean to northward incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water. At the same time, the ocean's coldest waters became restricted to south of the ACC, probably forming a bottom-ocean layer, as in the modern ocean. We show that the modern four-layer ocean structure (surface, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters) developed during the early Oligocene as a consequence of the ACC.
description: Benthic foraminifera stable isotope and Mg/Ca data from 2 western North Atlantic sediment cores from the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~38 to 28 million years ago)