cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7941203.v1
title: Induction of acibenzolar-S-methyl resistance in cowpea to control anthracnose.

description: ABSTRACT Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is of great importance due to its high protein and energy content for human diet. Among the major diseases of bean culture is anthracnose, caused by the development of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Resistance induction becomes an alternative to control this microorganism; among the most commonly used inducers is acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate ASM efficiency in controlling anthracnose in cowpea, which is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum URM 5771, as well as the activation of enzymes related to its pathogenicity. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, constituting 5 treatments (Treatment 1 - 0.15g L-1; Treatment 2 - 0.30g L-1; Treatment 3 - 0.45g L-1 and Treatment 4 - 0.60g L-1), including control (water only) and four replicates. Treatments with higher ASM levels provided higher enzymatic activity and, consequently, greater resistance to cowpea plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279178
title: Phytophthora palmivora: causal agent of peach palm stem base rot in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT The area planted with peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for the production of palm heart has increased in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Tocantins, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. In these regions, the crops are attacked by stipe basal rot (SBR), a disease associated with the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. There are few studies on this disease, and some doubts about the species Phytophthora palmivora remain. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify and morphologically, physiologically and molecularly characterize Phytophthora sp. isolates obtained from three peach palm plantation sites in order to elucidate its etiology. The 31 Phytophthora isolates were obtained from peach palm crops in the states of São Paulo (Eldorado, Cajati and Registro), Paraná (Paranaguá and Morretes) and Santa Catarina (Massaranduba, Garuva and Joinville). Mycelial growth of isolates was evaluated at eight temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 °C), as well as the aspect of the colony and the production of sporangia, chlamydospores and oospores. Fifty structures of each isolate were measured, as well as molecular analysis based on the regions ITS1 and ITS2 and Cox1 and Cox2. Three colony patterns were found: slightly starry, starry and cottony, and the first pattern was most frequent. There was no growth at 8 °C and 36 °C and the optimal growth temperature was 23.7 °C. The sporangia formed on sympodial ontogeny were papillate, predominantly ellipsoid, showing 21.1 – 84.8 µm length and 17.4 – 41.7 µm width, caducous, with a short pedicel of 0.4 - 6.6 µm and a length-to-width ratio varying from 1.3 to 1.9. The papillae measured between 0.9 – 11.2 µm length and 0.5 – 11.4 µm width. Chlamydospores were globose, terminal and interpolate, showing 20.0 – 53.6 µm diameter and 0.3 – 4.4 µm wall thickness. All isolates were heterothalic of the compatible mating type A1. Oospores were globose and aplerotic with no ornamented walls, measuring 26.0 – 63.6 µm, and showing amphigynous antheridia. Based on these morphological and molecular characteristics, the peach palm isolates were identified as Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678259.v1
title: Reaction of accessions of Capsicum spp. to the fungus Fusarium solani

description: ABSTRACT The genus Capsicum belongs to the family Solanaceae, was originated in the South America and has been cultivated all over the world. Capsicum peppers are affected by several diseases. Among these diseases is collar rot, caused by the fungus Fusarium solani. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying, in the Capsicum collection constituted of 18 accessions, sources of resistance to the pathogen F. solani. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design with 18 treatments, 3 blocks and 3 plants per experimental unit. For inoculation, 51-day-old plants were used. The adopted methodology was root immersion with thinning in a conidial suspension of 1x106 conidia / ml for the period of 24 hours and transplantation in commercial substrate. The scores were transformed by using McKinney’s index to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were grouped according to Scott-Knott test and graphic dispersion. Accessions resistant to the pathogen were: UNEMAT - 115 (C. frutescens) and UNEMAT - 173 (C.chinense). Accessions that presented greater susceptibility to the pathogen were: UNEMAT-134 (C. baccatum var. Pendulum) and UNEMAT-140 (C. frutescens). We can conclude that there is genetic variability in the collection regarding resistance to the pathogen and that the methodology of dipping was effective in discriminating between resistance / susceptibility of Capsicum spp. to the pathogen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7678463.v1
title: Observational study of the effect of fluazinam on culture soybean productivity - Meta-analysis

description: ABSTRACT The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affects the soybean crop by causing yield loss. However, quantification of such damage still demands studies due to the interaction with the environment where the disease is inserted. Thus, the present paper has as objective to quantify in observational studies, by meta-analysis, the influence of the pathogen on soybean crop and to analyze the viability of chemical control with the fungicide fluazinam. The conducted observational trials accounted for 121 during the seasons 2011/2012 to 2014/2015, in which each study consisted of a plot with application and another plot without application of the fungicide fluazinam. Grouping the studies according to cultivars and crop season, 16 data entries (K = 16) were established for meta-analysis in random models. There were differences between the cultivars evaluated for yield in response to fungicide application. Moreover, as meta-analytical estimate, there was a positive response at 243.44 kg.ha-1, with amplitude from 142.83 to 344.05 kg.ha-1. For the studied region, in the south of Paraná State, Brazil, the probability for yield increase was 88.3%, and for an increase of 60, 120, 300 and 600 kg.ha-1 the probability was 81.5; 72.2; 69.9; 39.1 and 4.1 %, respectively. Considering R$ 70.00 the cost of soybean bag and R$ 160.00.ha-1 the cost of fungicide application, 69.9 % was estimated as the probability of financial return when using the fungicide. Thus, fluazinam application contributed to increase soybean yield against S. sclerotiorum incidence.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7941194.v1
title: Evaluation of the use of biotic and abiotic resistance elicitors against anthracnose in grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.).

description: ABSTRACT Anthracnose of grapevine is a disease caused by the fungus Elsinoe ampelina, responsible for great damages to the crop. Plant protection by means of resistance induction has been viewed as an important alternative control measure. Resistance elicitors stimulate a series of reactions in the host for the production of metabolic compounds, providing protection to the plant against pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of biotic and abiotic resistance elicitors in the management of anthracnose for the cultivation of vine ‘Isabel’. The experiment in the field was carried out in the municipality of Natuba, Paraíba State, and fruits were analyzed in the Phytopathology Laboratory of Federal University of Paraiba, Areia. Treatments were: T1 – Control; T2 - Fungicide (Metiram + Pyraclostrobin); T3 - Potassium phosphite; T4 - AgroMos®; T5 – Fungicide + Potassium phosphite; T6 – Fungicide + AgroMos®, T7 - Potassium phosphite + AgroMos®; T8 – Fungicide + Potassium phosphite + AgroMos® composed of four replicates in randomized blocks. Applications were carried out at every seven days, totaling 12 applications during the crop cycle. Evaluations were done at every 15 days, considering nine leaves per plant. The analyzed variables were: incubation period, disease incidence and area below the disease progress curve. For physicochemical evaluations of fruits, the design was in randomized blocks, constituted of three clusters. The following were analyzed: bunch weight; bunch length and diameter; pulp yield; soluble solids; pH; titratable acidity and SS / TA ratio. Potassium phosphite applied alone or alternated with fungicide and/or AgroMos® on vines ‹Isabel› provided lower severity of E. ampelina. The length and the weight of grape bunches were positively influenced by potassium phosphite application. Potassium phosphite and AgroMos® applied either alone or in association did not affect pulp yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7942283
title: Chitosan associated with plant extracts in the post-harvest control of anthracnose in papaya ‘formosa’

description: ABSTRACT Excessive use of chemicals in papaya (Carica papaya L.) crops puts the efficacy of fungicides at risk because of the resistance problems of pathogens to these products, besides the possibility of toxic residues endangering the human health and the environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in controlling Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro assay, the evaluated products were aqueous extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) at 1.5% and chitosan at 4%, separately, and the association of these plant extracts with 4% chitosan, as well as the fungicide prochloraz (100 mg L-1), added to PDA culture medium; they were evaluated for their effect on the mycelial growth of the fungus, maintaining a control without addition of products. The treatment with aqueous extract of clove at 15% and its association with chitosan inhibited mycelial growth. Association of chitosan with aqueous extract of cinnamon was more effective in reducing mycelial growth than the two products used separately. In the in vivo test, papaya ‘Formosa’ fruits were subjected to the following treatments by immersion: 1 - control (distilled water); 2 - control - fungicide prochloraz (Sportak® 450 EC) at a concentration of 0.75 mL L-1; 3 - chitosan (4%); 4 - aqueous extract of clove (10%); 5 - aqueous extract of cinnamon (30%); 6 - aqueous extract of clove (10%) + chitosan (4%); 7 - aqueous extract of cinnamon (30%) + chitosan (4%). After 24h, fruits were inoculated with C. gloeosporiodes and evaluated for the disease severity at every two days. Only in the third evaluation, treatments with fungicide and aqueous extract of cinnamon at 30% associated with chitosan at 4% reduced the disease severity, compared to control. The area under the disease progress curve indicated that the treatment with aqueous extract of clove was also effective in reducing the severity of anthracnose in fruits.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9986165
title: Relationship between soybean plant defoliation and Asian soybean rust severity

description: ABSTRACT Data from experiments conducted in the field with eight fungicide mixtures added of five mancozeb levels were used to generate gradients of soybean rust severity, plant defoliation, and soybean grain yield. The data were subjected to correlation analysis between defoliation and severity, defoliation and grain yield, and grain yield and rust severity. All correlations were significant, evidencing a relationship between variables. Analyses conducted in other studies have shown that severity control has greater influence on decision-making, compared to defoliation. Therefore, as defoliation is dependent on severity, evaluation of rust intensity is sufficient, suggesting that defoliation can be excluded from evaluation for this pathosystem.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9986165.v1
title: Relationship between soybean plant defoliation and Asian soybean rust severity

description: ABSTRACT Data from experiments conducted in the field with eight fungicide mixtures added of five mancozeb levels were used to generate gradients of soybean rust severity, plant defoliation, and soybean grain yield. The data were subjected to correlation analysis between defoliation and severity, defoliation and grain yield, and grain yield and rust severity. All correlations were significant, evidencing a relationship between variables. Analyses conducted in other studies have shown that severity control has greater influence on decision-making, compared to defoliation. Therefore, as defoliation is dependent on severity, evaluation of rust intensity is sufficient, suggesting that defoliation can be excluded from evaluation for this pathosystem.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9986501
title: Spray volumes and fungicide rates on Asian soybean rust control

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different spray volumes and fungicide rates on Asian soybean rust control. Experiments were conducted in the field and in the laboratory during 2014 and 2016. We varied the fungicide rates (45 + 52.5, 60 + 70 and 75 + 87.5 g a.i. ha-1 for the mixture trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, and 45 + 22.5, 60 + 30 and 75 + 37.5 g a.i. ha-1 for azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) and the spray volume (100, 150 and 200 L ha-1) for application on soybean plants in the field. Another experiment was conducted in the laboratory, using the recommended rates of the fungicides trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (60 + 70 g a.i. ha-1) and azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (60 + 30 g a.i. ha-1). The spray volume of 200 L ha-1 resulted in the best disease control only for the third out of three applications carried out in the field (control between 68.4% and 70.1%). However, there was no statistical difference in grain yield for all tested spray volumes when we used the recommended fungicide rates (3422, 3526 and 3601 kg ha-1) or higher rates (3529, 3586 and 3550 kg ha-1). The decrease in the fungicide rate directly implied reduced rust control for both experiments (20 to 39% in the field and up to 71.4% in the laboratory).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279180
title: Incubation period of coffee leaf rust

description: ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the world’s most famous crops and, among its major diseases, coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br.) is considered most important. One of the ways to evaluate rust severity is by means of equations that estimate the incubation period (IP) of the fungus. The present study aimed to review the main studies on coffee leaf rust and its incubation period, in order to elucidate the main equations developed for this purpose. In the literature, there are at least ten equations that estimate IP values for different conditions. Most of the Brazilian studies have used the equation of Moraes et al. (31), developed for full sun and shade cultivation, under macroclimate condition. The study of IP is used at different hierarchical levels and in different climatic scenarios and is important for decision making and public policy, assisting farmers in the planning and management of the area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044894
title: Morphophysiological and pathogenic characterization of Armillaria isolates from the south region of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Armillaria sp. is the pathogen causing root rot and death to Pinus trees in the south region of Brazil. Little is known about the morphophysiological and pathogenic aspects of this species. This study aimed to characterize the morphology, physiology, pathogenicity and in vitro basidiome production of Armillaria isolates from the south region of Brazil. Analysis of the mycelium and rhizomorph morphology was done with colonies grown on PDA medium (potato-dextrose-agar) at 20 °C, in the dark, for 30 days, and mycelial fan fragments produced in trunk sections inoculated with the fungus, using light and scanning microscopy. Physiology was based on the analysis of biomass produced in PD broth (potato-dextrose) at six temperatures. Pathogenicity test was done with Pinus taeda seedlings. Basidiome induction was done with P. taeda trunk sections inoculated in flasks containing PDA medium. Colonies presented variation in mycelial morphology, irregular growth without radial symmetry, coloration varying from white, to gray and to brown, and most often with rhizomorphs. Analysis of hyphae revealed typical structures of the Armillaria genus, such as clamp connections, septa, pilosities and resinous masses on the hyphal surface. Rhizomorph morphology appeared variable depending on the environment, presenting pilosities when developed in aerial growth and smooth surface when developed in the culture medium. The mycelial fan was crusted and had verrucous hyphae. Optimum temperatures for Armillaria isolates varied from 16 to 24 ºC. Only one inoculated plant died, indicating difficulty in reproducing the disease in vivo. One basidiome was produced, demonstrating the possibility of in vitro fruiting of Armillaria sp.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9986501.v1
title: Spray volumes and fungicide rates on Asian soybean rust control

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different spray volumes and fungicide rates on Asian soybean rust control. Experiments were conducted in the field and in the laboratory during 2014 and 2016. We varied the fungicide rates (45 + 52.5, 60 + 70 and 75 + 87.5 g a.i. ha-1 for the mixture trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, and 45 + 22.5, 60 + 30 and 75 + 37.5 g a.i. ha-1 for azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) and the spray volume (100, 150 and 200 L ha-1) for application on soybean plants in the field. Another experiment was conducted in the laboratory, using the recommended rates of the fungicides trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (60 + 70 g a.i. ha-1) and azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (60 + 30 g a.i. ha-1). The spray volume of 200 L ha-1 resulted in the best disease control only for the third out of three applications carried out in the field (control between 68.4% and 70.1%). However, there was no statistical difference in grain yield for all tested spray volumes when we used the recommended fungicide rates (3422, 3526 and 3601 kg ha-1) or higher rates (3529, 3586 and 3550 kg ha-1). The decrease in the fungicide rate directly implied reduced rust control for both experiments (20 to 39% in the field and up to 71.4% in the laboratory).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279180.v1
title: Incubation period of coffee leaf rust

description: ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the world’s most famous crops and, among its major diseases, coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br.) is considered most important. One of the ways to evaluate rust severity is by means of equations that estimate the incubation period (IP) of the fungus. The present study aimed to review the main studies on coffee leaf rust and its incubation period, in order to elucidate the main equations developed for this purpose. In the literature, there are at least ten equations that estimate IP values for different conditions. Most of the Brazilian studies have used the equation of Moraes et al. (31), developed for full sun and shade cultivation, under macroclimate condition. The study of IP is used at different hierarchical levels and in different climatic scenarios and is important for decision making and public policy, assisting farmers in the planning and management of the area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279181
title: Irrigation management strategies for reducing verticillium wilt severity in eggplants

description: ABSTRACT Verticillium wilt in eggplants is a root disease of difficult control. In this study, we report the relationship between soil water availability and the disease intensity in order to identify management strategies that are unfavourable to the pathogen and capable of reducing the disease progression and the damage caused by it. Four irrigation management strategies were compared in soil infested or not infested with Verticillium dahliae, which consisted of: irrigating when the available soil moisture was maintained at 90% (WA90%), 55% (WA55%) and 20% (WA20%) during the entire growing cycle, and kept at 20% in the vegetative stage, and at 90% in the production stage (WA20-90%). Experimental design was in randomized blocks, including eight treatments in factorial arrangement (4x2) and three replicates. The management strategy WA20-90% led to a significant reduction in the disease severity and in the extent of xylem colonization by the pathogen. The dry mass of plants in infested soil was 12% lower than that of control treatments and was higher with the irrigation strategy WA90% than with WA55% or WA20%. The strategy WA20-90% was efficient in reducing the disease with no significant reduction in dry mass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6044894.v1
title: Morphophysiological and pathogenic characterization of Armillaria isolates from the south region of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Armillaria sp. is the pathogen causing root rot and death to Pinus trees in the south region of Brazil. Little is known about the morphophysiological and pathogenic aspects of this species. This study aimed to characterize the morphology, physiology, pathogenicity and in vitro basidiome production of Armillaria isolates from the south region of Brazil. Analysis of the mycelium and rhizomorph morphology was done with colonies grown on PDA medium (potato-dextrose-agar) at 20 °C, in the dark, for 30 days, and mycelial fan fragments produced in trunk sections inoculated with the fungus, using light and scanning microscopy. Physiology was based on the analysis of biomass produced in PD broth (potato-dextrose) at six temperatures. Pathogenicity test was done with Pinus taeda seedlings. Basidiome induction was done with P. taeda trunk sections inoculated in flasks containing PDA medium. Colonies presented variation in mycelial morphology, irregular growth without radial symmetry, coloration varying from white, to gray and to brown, and most often with rhizomorphs. Analysis of hyphae revealed typical structures of the Armillaria genus, such as clamp connections, septa, pilosities and resinous masses on the hyphal surface. Rhizomorph morphology appeared variable depending on the environment, presenting pilosities when developed in aerial growth and smooth surface when developed in the culture medium. The mycelial fan was crusted and had verrucous hyphae. Optimum temperatures for Armillaria isolates varied from 16 to 24 ºC. Only one inoculated plant died, indicating difficulty in reproducing the disease in vivo. One basidiome was produced, demonstrating the possibility of in vitro fruiting of Armillaria sp.