cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e120504v1
title: Availability and cost of essential medicines in Uganda over 5 weeks

description: Clinic-level data indicating availability and (when available) cost of a panel of essential medicines in Central Uganda, 2016.<br>
DOI: 10.3886/e125222
title: Covid 19 tele helpline details

description: The table provides details of tele helpline services provided in Kerala to deal with psychosocial issues in the community. DISHA helpline details and Snehitha helpline details, with the type of calls received are explored. The tables are part of paper to explore Psychosocial Response Protocol for pandemic management.
description: Response Rates: Secondary Data populated from data available from public records
description: Population of Kerala. Smallest Geographic Unit: Kerala
DOI: 10.3886/e125222v1
title: Covid 19 tele helpline details

description: The table provides details of tele helpline services provided in Kerala to deal with psychosocial issues in the community. DISHA helpline details and Snehitha helpline details, with the type of calls received are explored. The tables are part of paper to explore Psychosocial Response Protocol for pandemic management.
description: Response Rates: Secondary Data populated from data available from public records
description: Population of Kerala. Smallest Geographic Unit: Kerala
DOI: 10.3886/e119446v39
title: COVID-19 US State Policy Database

description: For questions or comments about the database please contact:<br>Rachel Scheckman <br>rscheckm@bu.edu <br>Database Manager Department of Health Law, Policy & Management <br>Boston University School of Public Health<br><br>Database of state policies on closures, shelter-in-place orders, housing protections, changes to Medicaid and SNAP, physical distancing closures, reopening, and more created by researchers at the Boston University School of Public Health. Policies included are state-wide directives or mandates, not guidance or recommendations. In order for a policy to be included, it must apply to the entire state. We are working quickly to go through state government websites to make the policy database as complete and accurate as possible in a rapidly changing policy context. If you use data on a given policy, we encourage you to triangulate based on additional sources of policy data and to review the source documentation to consider the coding decisions that are right for your work. Of course, please email us if you note a discrepancy so we can improve the database for everyone. State policy source documentation can be found at: tinyurl.com/statepolicysources.
description: other; Contributors: Megan Cole Brahim, Noa Krawczyk, Carolyn Hoffman, Claire Corkish, Elizabeth Ferrara, Elizabeth Long, Emily Baroni, Faith Contador, Hannah Simon, Morgan Simko, Rachel Scheckman, Sarah Brewer, Sue Kulkarni, Felicia Heykoop, Manish Patel, Aishwarya Vidyasagaran, Andrew Chiao, Cara Safon, Samantha Burkhart, Harry Jung, Victor Lee, Marina MacKinnon, Aarohi Rede, Marie Vearling, Sophie Li, Christina Wang, Tim Levengood, María Jordán P. Emma Chistolini
description: State policies. Smallest Geographic Unit: State
DOI: 10.3886/e125223
title: National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA): Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Organizations by ZIP Code Tabulation Area, United States, 2003-2017

description: This dataset contains measures of the number and per capita density of select types of arts, entertainment, and recreation organizations—such as museums, libraries, spectator sports organizations, amusement parks, fitness centers, bowling alleys, and casinos—per ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in the United States from 2003 through 2017.
description: A ZIP code to ZCTA crosswalk must be used to combine this dataset with ZIP code geocoded data. Such a crosswalk is available on the UDS Mapper website at https://www.udsmapper.org/zcta-crosswalk.cfm. Sample code for merging the UDS Mapper crosswalk with NaNDA datasets is available on the NaNDA repository at https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/120088/.
description: Arts, entertainment, and recreation organizations in all ZIP code tabulation areas in the United States, including Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. Smallest Geographic Unit: ZIP code tabulation area
DOI: 10.3886/e119862
title: Data and Code for: Devotion and Development: Religiosity, Education, and Economic Progress in 19th-Century France

description: This paper studies when religion can hamper diffusion of knowledge and economic development, and through which mechanism. I examine Catholicism in France during the Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914). In this period, technology became skill-intensive, leading to the introduction of technical education in primary schools. I find that more religious locations had lower economic development after 1870. Schooling appears to be the key mechanism: more religious areas saw a slower adoption of the technical curriculum and a push for religious education. In turn, religious education was negatively associated with industrial development 10 to 15 years later, when schoolchildren entered the labor market.
DOI: 10.3886/e119865v1
title: Data and Code for: Small and Large Firms over the Business Cycle

description: This paper uses new confidential Census data to revisit the relationship between firm size, cyclicality, and financial frictions. First, we find that large firms (the top 1% by size) are less cyclically sensitive than the rest. Second, high and rising concentration implies that the higher cyclicality of the bottom 99% of firms only has a modest impact on aggregate fluctuations. Third, differences in cyclicality are not simply explained by financing, and in fact appear largely unrelated to proxies for financial strength. We instead provide evidence for an alternative mechanism based on the industry scope of the very largest firms.
description: Weights internally developed by Census and made available to the researchers as part of the primary data are used in the analysis. More information on sampling frame and sampling methodology are available at https://www.census.gov/econ/qfr/collection.html
description: Response Rates: Varies over time; documented in the QFR press releases, available at https://www.census.gov/econ/qfr/.
description: Presence of Common Scales: n.a.
description: mail questionnaire; record abstracts;
description: US manufacturing firms with more than $250k in assets, 1977-2014; US retail and trade firms with more than $50m in assets, 1977-2014. Smallest Geographic Unit: USA
description: The QFR target population consists of all corporations engaged primarily in manufacturing with total assets of $250,000 and over, and all corporations engaged primarily in mining; wholesale trade; retail trade; information; or professional and technical services (except legal services) industries with total assets of $50 million and over. More information on sampling frame and sampling methodology are available at https://www.census.gov/econ/qfr/collection.html
DOI: 10.3886/e116562
title: Data and Code for: Child Care Subsidies, Quality, and Optimal Income Taxation

description: We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children's human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate the possibility that child care expenditures should be taxed rather than subsidized, and discuss the merits of public provision schemes for child care.<br><br><br>
description: Paper uses publicly available data covering households in the US.<br>.
DOI: 10.3886/e116562v1
title: Data and Code for: Child Care Subsidies, Quality, and Optimal Income Taxation

description: We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children's human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate the possibility that child care expenditures should be taxed rather than subsidized, and discuss the merits of public provision schemes for child care.<br><br><br>
description: Paper uses publicly available data covering households in the US.<br>.
DOI: 10.3886/e112181
title: Data and Code for: "Hidden Baggage: Behavioral Responses to Changes in Airline Ticket Tax Disclosure"

description: Abstract:<br>We examine the impact of a January 2012 enforcement action by the U.S. Department of Transportation that required U.S. air carriers and online travel agents to modify their web interfaces to incorporate all ticket taxes in upfront, advertised fares. We show that the more prominent display of tax-inclusive prices is associated with significant reductions in consumer tax incidence, demand, and ticket revenues along more heavily-taxed itineraries. In particular, the fraction of unit taxes that airlines passed onto consumers fell by roughly 75 cents for every dollar of tax. These results reinforce prior findings on consumer inattention in a novel institutional setting featuring quasi-experimental variation in tax salience, economically-significant tax amounts, and endogenous price responses.<br><br>Scope of Materials Deposited:<br>The files deposited include code and instructions to permit replication of all results. The primary data sources used for the analysis are either restricted-use or proprietary in nature. Hence only ancillary public data sources are included. Instructions for obtaining these data are given in the file README.
DOI: 10.3886/e115209
title: Replication Data for 'Does Rationing Increase Welfare?'

description: In many developing countries households can purchase limited quantities of good at a fixed subsidized price through ration shops. This paper asks whether the characteristics of developing countries explain why governments use such systems. I find an equity-efficiency trade-off: an efficiency-maximizing government will never use ration shops but a welfare-maximizing one might, to redistribute and provide insurance. Welfare gains of ration shops will be highest for necessity goods and goods with high price risk. I calibrate the model for India and find that ration shops are welfare improving for three of the four goods sold through the system today.
description: See http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3281
description: Response Rates: See http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3281
description: Household_level_data contains household level data. The data is representative of all Indian households at the regional level.<br>District_levels contains district level data.
description: See http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3281
DOI: 10.3886/e115209v1
title: Replication Data for 'Does Rationing Increase Welfare?'

description: In many developing countries households can purchase limited quantities of good at a fixed subsidized price through ration shops. This paper asks whether the characteristics of developing countries explain why governments use such systems. I find an equity-efficiency trade-off: an efficiency-maximizing government will never use ration shops but a welfare-maximizing one might, to redistribute and provide insurance. Welfare gains of ration shops will be highest for necessity goods and goods with high price risk. I calibrate the model for India and find that ration shops are welfare improving for three of the four goods sold through the system today.
description: See http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3281
description: Response Rates: See http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3281
description: Household_level_data contains household level data. The data is representative of all Indian households at the regional level.<br>District_levels contains district level data.
description: See http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3281
DOI: 10.3886/e117326
title: Data and Code for: Discrete Prices and the Incidence and Efficiency of Excise Taxes

description: This paper uses UPC-level data to examine the relationship between excise taxes, retail prices, and consumer welfare in the distilled spirits market. We document a nominal rigidity in retail prices that arises because firms largely choose prices that end in ninety-nine cents and change prices in whole-dollar increments. A correctly specified model, like an ordered logit, takes this discreteness into account when predicting the effects of alternative taxes. Explicitly accounting for price points substantially impacts estimates of tax incidence and the excess burden cost of tax revenue. Meaningful non-monotonicities in these quantities expand the potential considerations in setting excise taxes.
description: The Connecticut Wholesale Prices were scraped by the authors and assembled from public filings from the Department of Consumer Protection.
description: Wholesale Alcohol Prices for Connecticut.
DOI: 10.3886/e117326v2
title: Data and Code for: Discrete Prices and the Incidence and Efficiency of Excise Taxes

description: This paper uses UPC-level data to examine the relationship between excise taxes, retail prices, and consumer welfare in the distilled spirits market. We document a nominal rigidity in retail prices that arises because firms largely choose prices that end in ninety-nine cents and change prices in whole-dollar increments. A correctly specified model, like an ordered logit, takes this discreteness into account when predicting the effects of alternative taxes. Explicitly accounting for price points substantially impacts estimates of tax incidence and the excess burden cost of tax revenue. Meaningful non-monotonicities in these quantities expand the potential considerations in setting excise taxes.
description: The Connecticut Wholesale Prices were scraped by the authors and assembled from public filings from the Department of Consumer Protection.
description: Wholesale Alcohol Prices for Connecticut.
DOI: 10.3886/e117264
title: Replication Data for: Optimal Income Taxation with Present Bias

description: Work often entails up-front effort costs in exchange for delayed benefits, and mounting evidence documents present bias over effort in the face of such delays. This paper studies the implications for the optimal income tax. Optimal tax rates are computed for present-biased workers who choose multiple dimensions of labor effort, some of which occur prior to compensation. Present bias reduces optimal tax rates, with a larger effect when the elasticity of taxable income is high. Optimal marginal tax rates may be negative at low incomes, providing an alternative, corrective rationale for work subsidies like the Earned Income Tax Credit.
DOI: 10.3886/e112172
title: Data and Code for: Decompositions and Policy Consequences of an Extraordinary Decline in Air Pollution from Electricity Generation

description: Using integrated assessment models, we calculate the economic value of the extraordinary decline in emissions from U.S. power plants. Annual local and global air pollution damages fell from $245 to $133 billion over 2010-2017. Decomposition shows changes in emissions rates and generation shares among coal and gas plants account for more of this decline than changes in renewable generation, electricity consumption, and damage valuations. Econometrically estimated marginal damages declined in the East from 8.6¢ to 6¢ per kWh. Marginal damages increased slightly in the West and Texas. These estimates indicate electric vehicles are now cleaner on average than gasoline vehicles.
DOI: 10.3886/e117264v1
title: Replication Data for: Optimal Income Taxation with Present Bias

description: Work often entails up-front effort costs in exchange for delayed benefits, and mounting evidence documents present bias over effort in the face of such delays. This paper studies the implications for the optimal income tax. Optimal tax rates are computed for present-biased workers who choose multiple dimensions of labor effort, some of which occur prior to compensation. Present bias reduces optimal tax rates, with a larger effect when the elasticity of taxable income is high. Optimal marginal tax rates may be negative at low incomes, providing an alternative, corrective rationale for work subsidies like the Earned Income Tax Credit.
DOI: 10.3886/e112172v1
title: Data and Code for: Decompositions and Policy Consequences of an Extraordinary Decline in Air Pollution from Electricity Generation

description: Using integrated assessment models, we calculate the economic value of the extraordinary decline in emissions from U.S. power plants. Annual local and global air pollution damages fell from $245 to $133 billion over 2010-2017. Decomposition shows changes in emissions rates and generation shares among coal and gas plants account for more of this decline than changes in renewable generation, electricity consumption, and damage valuations. Econometrically estimated marginal damages declined in the East from 8.6¢ to 6¢ per kWh. Marginal damages increased slightly in the West and Texas. These estimates indicate electric vehicles are now cleaner on average than gasoline vehicles.
DOI: 10.3886/e115806
title: Data and Code for: How Antitrust Enforcement Can Spur Innovation: Bell Labs and the 1956 Consent Decree

description: This is the data used for our article "How Antitrust Enforcement Can Spur Innovation: Bell Labs and the 1956 Consent Decree".<br><br>Abstract: Is compulsory licensing an effective antitrust remedy to increase innovation? To answer this question, we analyze the 1956 consent decree which settled an antitrust lawsuit against Bell, a vertically integrated monopolist charged with foreclosing the telecommunications equipment market. Bell was forced to license all its existing patents royalty-free, including those not related to telecommunications. We identify the effect of the consent decree on follow-on innovations building on Bell patents by using exactly matched non-Bell patents as control group. We show that the consent decree led to a lasting increase in innovation, but only in markets outside the telecommunications sector.
description: Registered Patents at the USPTO.
DOI: 10.3886/e111745
title: Replication Data for: "Demand Volatility, Adjustment Costs, and Productivity: An Examination of Capacity Utilization for Hotels and Airlines"

description: Measures of productivity reveal large differences across producers even within narrowly defined industries. Traditional measures of productivity, however, will associate differences in demand volatility to differences in productivity when adjusting factors of production is costly. I document this effect by comparing the influence of demand volatility on capacity utilization in a high (hotels) and low (airlines) adjustment cost industry. Differences in annual demand volatility explain a large share of the variation in occupancy rates of hotels at the metro area-segment-year level. In contrast, differences in annual demand volatility have no effect on load factors of airlines at the destination-airline-year level.
description: Flights and hotels in major U.S. cities over the period 2003--2011. .
DOI: 10.3886/e120092
title: Data and Code for: Using Non-Linear Budget Sets to Estimate Extensive Margin Responses: Method and Evidence from the Earnings Test

description: We estimate the impact of the Social Security Annual Earnings Test (AET) on older workers' employment. The AET reduces Social Security claimants' current benefits in proportion to their earnings in excess of an exempt amount. Using a Regression Kink Design and Social Security Administration data, we document that the discontinuous change in the benefit reduction rate at the exempt amount causes a corresponding change in the slope of the employment rate, suggesting that the extensive margin oflabor supply is more sensitive to this policy than commonly thought. We develop a model and method that allows us to translate the behavioral responses into a lower bound estimate of 0.49 for the extensive margin elasticity, which implies more than a 1 percentage point increase in work in the absence of the AET.
description: Paper studies people born 1918-1923. Uploaded data is from the Earnings Public Use File, which contains earnings histories (1951-2005) for a 1% sample of all Social Security Numbers as of 2006. .
DOI: 10.3886/e120092v1
title: Data and Code for: Using Non-Linear Budget Sets to Estimate Extensive Margin Responses: Method and Evidence from the Earnings Test

description: We estimate the impact of the Social Security Annual Earnings Test (AET) on older workers' employment. The AET reduces Social Security claimants' current benefits in proportion to their earnings in excess of an exempt amount. Using a Regression Kink Design and Social Security Administration data, we document that the discontinuous change in the benefit reduction rate at the exempt amount causes a corresponding change in the slope of the employment rate, suggesting that the extensive margin oflabor supply is more sensitive to this policy than commonly thought. We develop a model and method that allows us to translate the behavioral responses into a lower bound estimate of 0.49 for the extensive margin elasticity, which implies more than a 1 percentage point increase in work in the absence of the AET.
description: Paper studies people born 1918-1923. Uploaded data is from the Earnings Public Use File, which contains earnings histories (1951-2005) for a 1% sample of all Social Security Numbers as of 2006. .
DOI: 10.3886/e118502
title: Code for: Does the individual mandate affect insurance coverage? Evidence from tax returns

description: We estimate the effect of the ACA’s individual mandate on insurance coverage using regression discontinuity and regression kink designs with tax return data. We have four key results. First, the actual penalty paid per uninsured month is less than half the statutory amount. Second, nonetheless, we find visually clear and statistically significant responses to both extensive margin exposure to the mandate and to marginal increases in the mandate penalty. Third, we find substantial heterogeneity in who responds; men are especially responsive. Fourth, our estimates imply fairly small quantitative responses to the individual mandate, especially in the Health Insurance Exchanges.<br>
description: These are synthetic data to help researchers understand the confidential, restricted-access data used in the paper. The actual data are drawn from the universe of individual income tax returns.
DOI: 10.3886/e118502v1
title: Code for: Does the individual mandate affect insurance coverage? Evidence from tax returns

description: We estimate the effect of the ACA’s individual mandate on insurance coverage using regression discontinuity and regression kink designs with tax return data. We have four key results. First, the actual penalty paid per uninsured month is less than half the statutory amount. Second, nonetheless, we find visually clear and statistically significant responses to both extensive margin exposure to the mandate and to marginal increases in the mandate penalty. Third, we find substantial heterogeneity in who responds; men are especially responsive. Fourth, our estimates imply fairly small quantitative responses to the individual mandate, especially in the Health Insurance Exchanges.<br>
description: These are synthetic data to help researchers understand the confidential, restricted-access data used in the paper. The actual data are drawn from the universe of individual income tax returns.
DOI: 10.17632/6kt95w5yjx.1
title: Data for: Experimental variable effects on laser heating of inclusions during Raman spectroscopic analysis

description: Data for this manuscript.