cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3535/sfz-9wm-wbg
title: Daucus pedunculatus (Baker fil.) Banasiak, Spalik & Reduron

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/yr9-tyj-v92
title: Malvaceae Juss.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/k13-gjw-kc0
title: Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos (K.Koch) Takht.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/zcc-9br-fke
title: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/4cc-8ad-nb3
title: Spirotheca rivieri (Decne.) Ulbr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w9vjy7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Salmo trutta",
 "Country is Nepal",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0062444-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.3535/ht3-36s-xyk
title: Mesostemma kotschyanum subsp. acrotonum Rech. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/mxg-cmg-2yz
title: Erisma uncinatum Warm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/32l-3j8-9l8
title: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/m76-8j7-sxn
title: Agrostis stolonifera L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/er9-t5q-zp9
title: Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/qk4-3xk-5r4
title: Jacobaea insubrica (Chenevard) Galasso & Bartolucci

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/n87-7hm-dke
title: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/ta1-zgn-5ay
title: Lepidium silaifolium (Hook. fil. & Thomson) Al-Shehbaz & Mumm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/h9s-0y5-flv
title: Pseudoheterocaryum subsessile (Vatke) Kaz. Osaloo & Saadati

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cgj-tzw-fwa
title: Hieracium schmidtii Tausch

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/zb8-t43-cvd
title: Pimpinella buchananii subsp. buchananii

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/204-eft-wwf
title: Tulipa banuensis Grey-Wilson

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/5z1-3ck-6am
title: Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/2yt-zc6-0k9
title: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/qgz-hjv-gba
title: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/kdg-ld6-mj8
title: Noccaea caespitosa (Boiss.) Al-Shehbaz & Menke

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/sfw-cyf-4bm
title: Potamogeton × angustifolius J.Presl

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/bs2-acm-qfc
title: Potamogeton lucens L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/nck-25d-psy
title: Arenaria marschlinsii K. Koch

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/8he-ywh-k7k
title: Aegilops triuncialis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/rc7-0vj-79p
title: Poa bulbosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/j1k-btw-61k
title: Hypochaeris cretensis (L.) Bory & Chaub.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/lrl-ta8-age
title: Potamogeton alpinus Balb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/9n7-dgr-n5r
title: Convolvulus leiocalycinus var. retrosepalus (Sa'ad) J. R. I. Wood & Scotland

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/jg4-64w-pfa
title: Schweinfurthia papilionacea (L.) Boiss.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/097-wn1-l9h
title: Aethionema speciosum Boiss. & A. Huet

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/6lt-g1f-k2k
title: Delphinium filifolium Iranshahr

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/vtv-9lc-c9v
title: Cousinia acanthoblephara Rech. fil. & Gilli

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/690-sn1-3t4
title: Potamogeton polygonifolius Pourr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/spl-kyc-qex
title: Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/1hh-l1m-65z
title: Matthiola graminea Rech. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/jjq-x2w-18g
title: Potamogeton compressus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/5kq-f2t-7l5
title: Matthiola ghorana Rech. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/kzx-jss-0hy
title: Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/t3r-m1p-tcz
title: Erica rehmii Dulfer

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/265-4ve-p3t
title: Verbascum armenum var. tempskyanum (Freyn & Sint.) Murb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/m94-kn2-zne
title: Dryopteris pallida (Bory) Maire & Petitm.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/5ac-b2k-8gl
title: Erica binaria E. G. H. Oliv.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cjt-1bx-7j2
title: Poa bulbosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xjc8gg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Placidochromis macroceps)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence, Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1991",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0062447-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/nn5-v4c-fq6
title: Linaria lineolata Boiss. & Kotschy

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/08b-qvt-zkc
title: Ranunculus auricomus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/sv6-te2-kbq
title: Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/2m3-1fc-t22
title: Agrostis canina L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/mvv-102-g1v
title: Agrostis alpina Scop.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/w0v-v4b-art
title: Potamogeton alpinus Balb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/vcz-zw8-q0c
title: Prometheum rechingeri

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/w78-d34-6jq
title: Spirotheca rivieri (Decne.) Ulbr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/2wb-w14-baw
title: Geranium lucidum L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/e8m-249-n2l
title: Agrostis canina L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/37s-yjc-v06
title: Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/6bd-evn-dax
title: Poa bulbosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/2sv-rpb-5c7
title: Poa trivialis L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/a3w-p7k-2bj
title: Agrostis gigantea Roth

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/hg2-8gl-t48
title: Paracaryum multicaule (Rech. fil. & Riedl)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/ywy-ae2-tz5
title: Agrostis canina L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/c0d-e6b-zj5
title: Chaenorhinum rubrifolium subsp. gerense (Stapf) D. A. Sutton

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/lnp-r9d-1nd
title: Qualea parviflora Mart.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/m35-ckj-0r8
title: Spirotheca rivieri (Decne.) Ulbr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/3re-k2n-ks2
title: Agrostis canina L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/mws-ev2-2hh
title: Ranunculus cassubicus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/0bb-dgf-3bv
title: Convolvulus lindbergii Sa'ad

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/m5n-ft2-anw
title: Sabicea amazonensis Wernham

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/h8a-z0t-03m
title: Agrostis stolonifera L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.swt68k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Hydrometra transvaalensis, Sepedon fuscipennis, Sepedon, Adenophlebia sylvatica, Ochrotrichia, Psilopa, Leydigia leydigi, Pristina aequiseta, Pristina longiseta, Pristina sperberae, Palaemon, Elassoneuria trimeniana, Oligoneuriopsis lawrencei, Segmentina planodiscus, Trepobates, Zygonyx natalensis, Elporia flavopicta, Euthraulus bugandensis, Nepa, Metrocoris, Afropsephenoides, Dineutes, Ephoron savignyi, , Simulium milloti, Sialis, Micronecta youngiana, Cheumatopsyche triangularis, Daphnia longispina, Plumatella, Lovenula falcifer, Micronecta hessei, Pseudagrion citricola, Echinisca capensis, Ceratogomphus pictus, Aulophorus furcatus, Gyrinus natalensis, Pantala flavescens, Aprionyx tricuspidatus, , Elporia natalensis, Goerodes caffrariae, Ithytrichia, Simulium cavum, Simulium rutherfoordi, Taeniochauliodes ochraceopennis, Taeniochauliodes, Macrobrachium lepidactylus, , Antocha saxicola, Ictinogomphus, Tubifex tubifex, Laccotrephes, Tubifex natalensis, Ectocyclops phaleratus, Ectocyclops, Schmardaella, Simulium griseicolle, Agapetus agilis, Sciadorus obtusus, Sciadorus, Tomichia ventricosa, Tomichia, Allocnemis leucosticta, Monospilus dispar, Monospilus, Ecchlorolestes, Metalype, , Aliolimnatis africana, Aliolimnatis buntonensis, Aliolimnatis oligodonta, Hirudo, , Barbronia, Aporrectodea trapezoides, Bimastos rubidus, Eiseniella tetraedra, Eiseniella, Alluroides brinkhursti, Alluroides, Standeria transvaalensis, Standeria, Syngenodrilus lamuensis, Syngenodrilus, Callidrilus scrobifer, Allonais paraguayensis, Allonais pectinata, Branchiodrilus cleistochaeta, Chaetogaster limnaei, Allodero bauchiensis, Dero digitata)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Living Specimen, Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample, Literature Occurrence, Material citation, Occurrence evidence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((35.628 -23.023,35.6007 -22.9702,35.6007 -23.165,35.628 -23.023))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0062446-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.3535/pmp-azg-kgr
title: Agrostis gigantea Roth

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/yf0-tzy-v0p
title: Sipanea pratensis Aubl.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/6qf-y06-1a1
title: Potamogeton natans L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/d3n-nk4-1vv
title: Orobanche amethystea Thuill.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/0s0-we7-6xh
title: Oeosporangium persicum (Bory) Vis.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/wr2-97s-9wl
title: Allamanda cathartica L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/ba6-qjt-kth
title: Potamogeton friesii Rupr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/zmr-lfy-nbx
title: Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/csc-0jr-6pb
title: Stipa turkestanica Hack.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/rjb-b9m-v4b
title: Stipa turkestanica Hack.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/9rz-kn5-c36
title: Tarenaya aculeata (L.) Soares Neto & Roalson

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/z2h-zdx-x3x
title: Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/5b9-zme-w3z
title: Onobrychis hamata Vassilcz.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/jck-y0c-90h
title: Gentianella praecox (A. Kern. & Jos. Kern.) Dostál

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/kcx-kax-31c
title: Dracocephalum lindbergii Rech.f.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/lwe-n2r-4ej
title: Ranunculus koelzii Rech. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/mhx-5v5-ybv
title: Aegilops tauschii Coss.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cqz-9kh-nbb
title: Potamogeton alpinus Balb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/rvw-z2f-xya
title: Potamogeton pusillus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/kt6-atn-zxw
title: Agrostis gigantea Roth

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/nxl-l8a-lg1
title: Psylliostachys beludshistanicus Roshkova

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/3cv-bs5-1x3
title: Cherleria biflora (L.) A. J. Moore & Dillenb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/4g5-bgw-akq
title: Psylliostachys volkii Rech. fil.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cnt-nlb-4lh
title: Potamogeton crispus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/jba-hhl-wrr
title: Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/bfd-q7z-059
title: Corydalis chionophila subsp. firouzii (Wendelbo) Lidén

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/m68-wct-l6k
title: Delphinium griseum Gilli

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/qen-73l-ffg
title: Poa bulbosa L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/4x4-ncq-w1b
title: Theobroma cacao L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/tqw-1x1-6q0
title: Thinopyrum junceum (L.) Á.Löve

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/4ew-73d-paa
title: Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/g9a-ebk-ql4
title: Elymus repens (L.) Gould

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/6d3-hc7-dxn
title: Guatteria punctata (Aubl.) R. A. Howard

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/rzm-8gr-qm4
title: Paracaryum polyanthum (Rech. fil. & Riedl) Khat.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/ba2-an6-v1t
title: Verbascum spectabile M. Bieb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/e8r-alp-qtf
title: Potamogeton gramineus L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/awb-aw6-kxh
title: Verbascum asperuloides Hub.-Mor.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/hwb-ctt-18h
title: Agrostis stolonifera L.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/7p2-24p-ppw
title: Groenlandia densa (L.) Fourr.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/cz1-tpq-00t
title: Aegilops tauschii Coss.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/t32-zn6-lpe
title: Elymus × apiculatus (F.A.Tscherning) Barina

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/1m8-tqp-ab9
title: Thinopyrum intermedium subsp. intermedium

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/sdn-vb7-0an
title: Alyssum dasycarpum Stephan ex Willd.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.3535/ksn-7tx-ppx
title: Eriocoma hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Rydb.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at University of Graz.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15499714
title: Symbolic Modular Gravity: Emergence of Curvature, Mass, and Identity from KN-Stabilized Resonant Fields

description: This work introduces a novel theoretical framework called Symbolic Modular Gravity (SMG), in which gravitational curvature, mass, and identity emerge from symbolic excitation fields stabilized by the non-linear function KN(z)=tanh⁡(sin⁡(z))KN(z) = \tanh(\sin(z))KN(z)=tanh(sin(z)). We define symbolic curvature, derive a modular analog of Einstein’s field equations, and demonstrate resonance-induced gravitational behavior through simulation.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15499715
title: Symbolic Modular Gravity: Emergence of Curvature, Mass, and Identity from KN-Stabilized Resonant Fields

description: This work introduces a novel theoretical framework called Symbolic Modular Gravity (SMG), in which gravitational curvature, mass, and identity emerge from symbolic excitation fields stabilized by the non-linear function KN(z)=tanh⁡(sin⁡(z))KN(z) = \tanh(\sin(z))KN(z)=tanh(sin(z)). We define symbolic curvature, derive a modular analog of Einstein’s field equations, and demonstrate resonance-induced gravitational behavior through simulation.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15499776
title: Sounding dataset for MWR publication - Simulation of wet snow during winter orographic precipitation using the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme

description: This archive contains the atmospheric sounding measurements used in the MWR paper "Simulation of wet snow during winter orographic precipitation using the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme."
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15499777
title: Sounding dataset for MWR publication - Simulation of wet snow during winter orographic precipitation using the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme

description: This archive contains the atmospheric sounding measurements used in the MWR paper "Simulation of wet snow during winter orographic precipitation using the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme."
DOI: 10.26030/r2xr-h714
title: Cell-free RNA analysis of plasma samples collected from six astronauts in JAXA Cell-Free Epigenome (CFE) Study

description: A detailed understanding of how the human body responds to spaceflight will be important to develop countermeasures for long-term space exploration. Liquid biopsies offer minimally invasive alternatives to traditional tissue biopsies, while also permitting the extraction of cell-free nucleic acids, which may resolve molecular heterogeneity and extend the multi-omics scope better than standard methods. Full-body molecular profiling using cell-free nucleic acids isolated from liquid biopsies is hence one viable avenue for advancing space healthcare. Here, we perform a liquid biopsy study with six astronauts who resided on the International Space Station (ISS) for more than 120 days, and show that plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) can capture longitudinal gene expression responses of internal tissues to the spaceflight environment. Analysis of cfRNA collected before, during, and after spaceflight confirmed previously reported mitochondria dysregulation in space. Screening with 361 cell surface marker antibodies identified an extracellular mitochondria (exMT)-enriched fraction associated with the scavenger receptor CD36. RNA-sequencing analysis of the CD36 fraction revealed various tissue origins, some of which have not been well characterized due to their conventional inaccessibility. We compared our data to plasma cfRNA mouse data from a JAXA mission, in which on-board artificial gravity had been used, and discovered that microgravity induced the observed systemic responses. Our study used minimally invasive approaches to demonstrate exMT release as a conserved process in space and establishes the impact of gravity on Earth as an essential signal for normal homeostasis.