DOI: 10.3886/icpsr34558.v2
title: Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES): 2009 Cohort [United States]
title: Version 2

description: The Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) is a periodic, ongoing longitudinal study of program performance. Successive nationally representative samples of Head Start children, their families, classrooms, and programs provide descriptive information on the population of children and families served; staff qualifications, credentials, and opinions; Head Start classroom practices and quality measures; and child and family outcomes. FACES includes a battery of child assessments across multiple developmental domains (cognitive, social, emotional, and physical). FACES 2009 is the latest FACES cohort study and followed children from Head Start entry in fall 2009 through one or two years of program participation and to kindergarten. For nearly a decade, the Office of Head Start, the Administration for Children and Families, other federal agencies, local programs, and the public have depended on FACES for valid and reliable national information on (1) the skills and abilities of Head Start children, (2) how Head Start children's skills and abilities compare with preschool children nationally, (3) Head Start children's readiness for and subsequent performance in kindergarten, and (4) the characteristics of the children's home and classroom environments. The FACES study is designed to enable researchers to answer a wide range of research questions that are crucial for aiding program managers and policymakers. Some of the questions that are central to FACES include: What are the demographic characteristics of the population of children and families served by Head Start? How has the population served by Head Start changed? What are the experiences of families and children in the Head Start program? How have they changed? What are the cognitive and social skills of Head Start children at the beginning and end of their first year in the program? Has Head Start program performance improved over time? Do the gains in cognitive and social skills that Head Start children achieve carry over into kindergarten? Do larger gains (or greater declines in problem behavior) translate into higher achievement at the end of kindergarten? What are the qualifications of Head Start teachers in terms of education, experience, and credentials? Are average teacher education levels rising in Head Start? What is the observed quality of Head Start classrooms as early learning environments, including the level and range of teaching and interactions, provisions for learning, emotional and instructional support, and classroom organization? How has quality changed over time? What program- and classroom-level factors are related to observed classroom quality? How is observed quality related to children's outcomes and developmental gains? In response to recent trends and mandates, FACES 2009 expanded the information collected on families and children who speak a primary language other than English and the information collected on children who are homeless. Earlier cohorts of FACES gathered information on the languages spoken in the home and used for classroom instruction. Given the growth in the population of Hispanic/Latino preschoolers (Hernandez 2006), FACES 2009 placed additional emphasis on Dual Language Learners (DLLs). In addition, given the 2007 Head Start Act's focus on children and families who are homeless, FACES 2009 expanded coverage on the enrollment of such children, how the program ensures that they enroll in Head Start, and the special services available to such children and their families. FACES 2009 carefully balanced the need for consistent measurement of outcomes against the need for improvements in instrumentation and techniques. In some instances, new instruments were added to obtain more comprehensive information on Head Start children. For example, the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test was added to assess children's expressive language, which is related to later reading achievement even more so than receptive language (National Early Literacy Panel 2008). A measure of phonemic awareness from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) preschool wave was also added to assess children's knowledge of beginning and ending sounds in words. Further, FACES 2009 included a direct assessment of executive functioning-a pencil tapping task to examine children's inhibitory control, working memory, and attention-which has been shown to relate to young children's development in mathematics, vocabulary, and literacy (Blair and Razza 2007; Espy et al. 2004; McClelland et al. 2007). The User Guide provides detailed information about the FACES 2009 study design, execution, and data to inform and assist researchers who may be interested in using the data for future analyses. The following items are provided in the User Guide as appendices. Appendix A - Copyright statements Appendix B - Instrument Content Matrices Appendix C - Questionnaires Appendix D - Center/Program Codebook Appendix E - Classroom/Teacher Codebook Appendix F - Child Codebook Appendix G - Description of Constructed/Derived Variables
description: The FACES 2009 data include sampling weights to account for variations in the probabilities of selection as well as eligibility and cooperation rates among those selected. Consult the User Guide for a more in-depth explanation of the weights, the weighting procedure, and the specific formulas used for each of the weights.
description: Response Rates: In the FACES 2009 study, there were high participation rates at each level and each time point of data collection. In fall 2009, 97 percent of the sampled programs participated in the study and parent consents were received for 94 percent of the children who were sampled. Cooperation rates for the child assessments, parent interviews, and teacher child reports ranged from 94 to 97 percent. Cooperation rates for spring 2010 ranged from 85 to 96 percent for the same instruments, and from 80 to 89 percent in spring 2011 and spring 2012 when one-half of the children were still attending Head Start and others had left the program were enrolled in kindergarten. Please consult the User Guide for more details.
description: Presence of Common Scales: Preschool Language Assessment Survey (preLAS): Simon Says and Art Show; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Fourth Edition [PPVT-4]; Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT or EOWPVT-Spanish-Bilingual Edition); Test de Vocabulario de Imagines Peabody (TVIP); Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement-Third Edition/Batería III Woodcock-Muñoz (Spelling, Letter-Word Identification, Applied Problems, Word Attack); ECLS-B Letter-Sounds; ECLS mathematics assessment; Pencil Tapping Task; Leiter International Performance Scale Revised (Leiter-R); Examiner Rating Scale; Personal Maturity Scale; Social Skills Rating System; Behavior Problems Index; ECLS-K Approaches to Learning; Preschool Learning Behavior Scale; Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R); Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS); short (12-item) form of the CES-D
description: The sample is a multi-stage clustered sample, with the first three of four stages (programs, centers, classrooms) being selected with probability proportion to size. At the final stage, children were sampled with equal probability within classrooms. Sixty programs were selected, two centers per program, and up to three classrooms per center for a total of 486 classrooms. Within each classroom, children were sampled with the goal of obtaining 10 children with parental consent per classroom, for a total of 3,349 children. At each stage of sampling, FACES 2009 used implicit and explicit stratification and a sequential sampling technique based on a procedure developed by Chromy (1979).
description: Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Center/Program Data DS2: Classroom/Teacher Data DS3: Child Data
description: The Head Start programs participating in the FACES 2009 Cohort were a probability sample selected from among 2,600 study-eligible programs on the 2007-2008 Head Start Program Information Report (PIR). To be eligible for the study, a program had to be in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia, be providing services directly to children ages 3 to 5, and not be in imminent danger of losing its grantee status. Furthermore, programs under the Migrant and Seasonal Worker program or American Indian and Alaskan Native program were not eligible. Probability samples of centers were selected within each program, classrooms within each center, and children within each classroom. Teachers associated with selected classrooms were included in the study with certainty, as were parents associated with selected children. Smallest Geographic Unit: Census Region
description: computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI); computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI); coded on-site observation; cognitive assessment test; face-to-face interview; mixed mode; paper and pencil interview (PAPI); self-enumerated questionnaire; telephone interview; web-based survey<strong>Project Officer:</strong> The Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey would like to acknowledge Maria Woolverton's role as the ACF Project Officer. <strong>Principal Investigator:</strong> Louisa Tarullo, Ph.D. (Mathematica) was the Principal Investigator for this project. <strong>Project Director:</strong> Jerry West, Ph.D. (Mathematica) was the Project Director for this project. <strong>Acknowledgment:</strong> Juárez and Associates, Inc. assisted in collecting data for FACES 2009. Psychometric support was provided by Educational Testing Service. <strong>Additional Resources:</strong> Reports based on this data collection are available at the Administration for Children and Families Web site.