cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.20783/dias.82
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3CERIE )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3CERIE )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L3 ・Product Code 3CERIE ・Description Cloud Effective Particle Radius of ice cloud by emission method
DOI: 10.20783/dias.81
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3CDOM0 )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3CDOM0 )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L3 ・Product Code 3CDOM0 ・Description Absorption of colored dissolved organic matter
DOI: 10.20783/dias.183
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( DMSP_F17&gt; SSMIS &gt; 1BBRTE )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. * Mission DMSP F-17 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F-17 ** Applications The long-term meteorological programme of the US Department of Defense (DoD) - with the objective to collect and disseminate worldwide cloud cover data on a daily basis. (Primary operational satellite) * Instrument SSMIS Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder ** Instrument Type Imaging multi-spectral radiometers (passive microwave) ** Measurements &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Applications Measures atmospheric, ocean and terrain microwave brightness temperatures to provide: sea surface winds, rain rates, cloud water, precipitation, soil moisture, ice edge, ice age. * Instrument Measurements ** Product Level L1B ** Product Code 1BBRTE ** Description Brightness temperature
DOI: 10.20783/dias.80
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3AROP0 )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3AROP0 )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L3 ・Product Code 3AROP0 ・Description Aerosol Optical Thickness
DOI: 10.20783/dias.79
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3ARAE0 )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 3ARAE0 )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L3 ・Product Code 3ARAE0 ・Description Aerosol Angstrom Exponent
DOI: 10.20783/dias.78
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 2CLFLG )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 2CLFLG )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2CLFLG ・Description Cloud flag
DOI: 10.20783/dias.67
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2WAVAP )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2WAVAP )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2WAVAP ・Description Water vapor
DOI: 10.20783/dias.77
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 1BVNIR )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 1BVNIR )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L1B ・Product Code 1BVNIR ・Description GLI 1km-channel Radiance (Ch# 1-19)
DOI: 10.20783/dias.66
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2SSWIN )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2SSWIN )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2SSWIN ・Description Sea sufrace wind speed
DOI: 10.20783/dias.272
title: NIAES agro-meteorological data (simulations of past and future projections over Central Thailand)
title: NIASES agro-meteorological data of Central Thailand

description: Simulated agro-meteorological data of past (1981-2005) and future (2006-2060) over Central Thailand. Stations: Chai Nat、Suphan Buri、Bang Na、Ratchaburi Temporal coverage: 1981-2005(past simulations), 2006-2060 (future projections) Variables: daily maximum and minimum of air temperature (degC), precipitation (cm/d), solar radiation (MJ/m^2/d) File format Line 1: Station name, year and atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppmv) Line 2 to the end of file: day-of-year, daily minimum of air temperature, daily maximum of air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. Leap years are accounted for. Method Data were generated by means of regional downscaling from seven global climate models (GCMs) under four representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The seven GCMs used were GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC5, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MRI-CGCM3 and NorESM1-M.
DOI: 10.20783/dias.65
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2SSTEM )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2SSTEM )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2SSTEM ・Description Sea surface temperature
DOI: 10.20783/dias.178
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( Terra/Aqua &gt; MODIS &gt; L2 Joint Atmosphere Products)
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( Terra&gt; MODIS &gt; MO(Y)DATML2 )

description: The CEOP satellite datasets are geo-coded data resampled to regular latitude longitude grid on three type scales: reference site scale, monsoon scale, and global scale. It is easy to compare satellite data with in-situ measurement and or model output. Also, the satellite datasets include radiance data and geo-physical parameter such as soil moisture, vegetation index, water vapor, precipitation, sea surface temperature and so on, which are retrieved from data of MODIS, AMSR-E, SSM/I, PR, TMI, AVNIR2, PALSAR and PRISM. The CEOP-MODIS datasets are generated on 35 reference sites, 5 monsoon regions and global during EOP-3 date period. ► Enhanced Observing Period EOP-3: 01/10/2002 - 30/09/2003 EOP-4: 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004 ► Reference Site Locations http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/documents/ref_site.html ► Definition of Monsoon Regions Asia EQ-50N 60E-160E North American EQ-35N 120W-60W South American EQ-35S 80W-30W Australian EQ-25S 90E-160E North African EQ-25N 30W-40E ► Product Code MODATML2 for Terra/MODIS MYDATML2 for Aqua/MODIS ► Product Name L2 Joint Atmosphere Products
DOI: 10.20783/dias.173
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( Terra/Aqua &gt; MODIS &gt; Surface Reflectance Daily L2G 250m)
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( Terra&gt; MODIS &gt; MO(Y)D09GQK )

description: The CEOP satellite datasets are geo-coded data resampled to regular latitude longitude grid on three type scales: reference site scale, monsoon scale, and global scale. It is easy to compare satellite data with in-situ measurement and or model output. Also, the satellite datasets include radiance data and geo-physical parameter such as soil moisture, vegetation index, water vapor, precipitation, sea surface temperature and so on, which are retrieved from data of MODIS, AMSR-E, SSM/I, PR, TMI, AVNIR2, PALSAR and PRISM. The CEOP-MODIS datasets are generated on 35 reference sites, 5 monsoon regions and global during EOP-3 date period. ► Enhanced Observing Period EOP-3: 01/10/2002 - 30/09/2003 EOP-4: 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004 ► Reference Site Locations http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/documents/ref_site.html ► Definition of Monsoon Regions Asia EQ-50N 60E-160E North American EQ-35N 120W-60W South American EQ-35S 80W-30W Australian EQ-25S 90E-160E North African EQ-25N 30W-40E ► Product Code MOD09GQK for Terra/MODIS MYD09GQK for Aqua/MODIS ► Product Name Surface Reflectance Daily L2G 250m
DOI: 10.20783/dias.64
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2SNOWW )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2SNOWW )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2SNOWW ・Description Snow water equivalence
DOI: 10.20783/dias.172
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( Terra/Aqua &gt; MODIS &gt; Surface Reflectance Daily L2G 500m)
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( Terra&gt; MODIS &gt; MO(Y)D09GHK )

description: The CEOP satellite datasets are geo-coded data resampled to regular latitude longitude grid on three type scales: reference site scale, monsoon scale, and global scale. It is easy to compare satellite data with in-situ measurement and or model output. Also, the satellite datasets include radiance data and geo-physical parameter such as soil moisture, vegetation index, water vapor, precipitation, sea surface temperature and so on, which are retrieved from data of MODIS, AMSR-E, SSM/I, PR, TMI, AVNIR2, PALSAR and PRISM. The CEOP-MODIS datasets are generated on 35 reference sites, 5 monsoon regions and global during EOP-3 date period. ► Enhanced Observing Period EOP-3: 01/10/2002 - 30/09/2003 EOP-4: 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004 ► Reference Site Locations http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/documents/ref_site.html ► Definition of Monsoon Regions Asia EQ-50N 60E-160E North American EQ-35N 120W-60W South American EQ-35S 80W-30W Australian EQ-25S 90E-160E North African EQ-25N 30W-40E ► Product Code MOD09GHK for Terra/MODIS MYD09GHK for Aqua/MODIS ► Product Name Surface Reflectance Daily L2G 500m
DOI: 10.20783/dias.76
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 1BSWIR )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 1BSWIR )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L1B ・Product Code 1BSWIR ・Description GLI 1km-channel Radiance (Ch# 24-27)
DOI: 10.20783/dias.63
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2PRECI )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2PRECI )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2PRECI ・Description Precipitation
DOI: 10.20783/dias.75
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 1BMTIR )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; GLI &gt; 1BMTIR )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument GLI Global Imager ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L1B ・Product Code 1BMTIR ・Description GLI 1km-channel Radiance (Ch# 30-36)
DOI: 10.20783/dias.282
title: DIAS_GRENE_Satellite_ALOS_DSM30 dataset

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Satellite ALOS： The Advanced Land Observing Satellite "DAICHI" (ALOS) has been developed to contribute to the fields of mapping, precise regional land coverage observation, disaster monitoring, and resource surveying. ALOS has three sensors: the Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM), which is comprised of three sets of optical systems to measure precise land elevation; the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2), which observes what covers land surfaces; and the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), which enables day-and-night and all-weather land observation. ■Sensor Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) ■Product level L2【DSM】(PRISM) ■Resolution 30m ■Product Area East Asia～Around Southeast Asia (longitude90～150、latitude10～55)
DOI: 10.20783/dias.171
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( Terra/Aqua &gt; MODIS &gt; L3 Monthly Joint Aerosol/Water Vapor/Cloud Product)
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( Terra&gt; MODIS &gt; MO(Y)D08_M3 )

description: The CEOP satellite datasets are geo-coded data resampled to regular latitude longitude grid on three type scales: reference site scale, monsoon scale, and global scale. It is easy to compare satellite data with in-situ measurement and or model output. Also, the satellite datasets include radiance data and geo-physical parameter such as soil moisture, vegetation index, water vapor, precipitation, sea surface temperature and so on, which are retrieved from data of MODIS, AMSR-E, SSM/I, PR, TMI, AVNIR2, PALSAR and PRISM. The CEOP-MODIS datasets are generated on 35 reference sites, 5 monsoon regions and global during EOP-3 date period. ► Enhanced Observing Period EOP-3: 01/10/2002 - 30/09/2003 EOP-4: 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004 ► Reference Site Locations http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/documents/ref_site.html ► Definition of Monsoon Regions Asia EQ-50N 60E-160E North American EQ-35N 120W-60W South American EQ-35S 80W-30W Australian EQ-25S 90E-160E North African EQ-25N 30W-40E ► Product Code MOD08_M3 for Terra/MODIS MYD08_M3 for Aqua/MODIS ► Product Name L3 Monthly Joint Aerosol/Water Vapor/Cloud Product
DOI: 10.20783/dias.177
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( Terra/Aqua &gt; MODIS &gt; L4 Leaf Area Index/FPAR Daily 1km)
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( Terra&gt; MODIS &gt; MO(Y)D15A1 )

description: The CEOP satellite datasets are geo-coded data resampled to regular latitude longitude grid on three type scales: reference site scale, monsoon scale, and global scale. It is easy to compare satellite data with in-situ measurement and or model output. Also, the satellite datasets include radiance data and geo-physical parameter such as soil moisture, vegetation index, water vapor, precipitation, sea surface temperature and so on, which are retrieved from data of MODIS, AMSR-E, SSM/I, PR, TMI, AVNIR2, PALSAR and PRISM. The CEOP-MODIS datasets are generated on 35 reference sites, 5 monsoon regions and global during EOP-3 date period. ► Enhanced Observing Period EOP-3: 01/10/2002 - 30/09/2003 EOP-4: 01/10/2003 - 31/12/2004 ► Reference Site Locations http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/documents/ref_site.html ► Definition of Monsoon Regions Asia EQ-50N 60E-160E North American EQ-35N 120W-60W South American EQ-35S 80W-30W Australian EQ-25S 90E-160E North African EQ-25N 30W-40E ► Product Code MOD15A1 for Terra/MODIS MYD15A1 for Aqua/MODIS ► Product Name L4 Leaf Area Index/FPAR Daily 1km
DOI: 10.20783/dias.62
title: CEOP Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2CLWAT )
title: Coordinated Energy and Water-Cycle Observation Project Satellite Datasets ( ADEOS-II &gt; AMSR &gt; 2CLWAT )

description: Three scale-types of datasets observed by new generation of remote sensing satellites (including TERRA, AQUA, ADEOS-II) in addition to TRMM and DMSP series, which were providing enhancement of observing capabilities to quantify critical atmospheric, surface, hydrologic and oceanographic data during CEOP time periods are available. 250 km square snapshots of the highest resolution raw radiances (with geographic location, i.e. level 1) remote sensing data at the 35-51 in situ reference sites are archived. ■Mission ADEOS-Ⅱ Advanced Earth Observing Satellite - II ■Instrument AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ■Instrument Measurements ・Product Level L2 ・Product Code 2CLWAT ・Description Cloud liquid water