DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18429718
title: Cosmological Redshift Without Expansion: Relational Simultaneity, Apparent Cooling, and a Static Block Description

description: Cosmological Redshift Without Expansion:

Relational Simultaneity, Apparent Cooling, and a Static Block Description

 

 

 

This work proposes a minimal and relational reinterpretation of cosmological redshift and the apparent thermal history of the Universe, formulated without invoking an expanding spacetime, a physical cosmic container, or an initial singularity.

The central hypothesis is that only binary relations between physical systems exist. At any given interaction, there are only two relevant frames: an observer and a source. Space and time are not fundamental entities but emerge operationally from the geometric relation between frames. No global spacetime manifold exists; there is no physically stretching or evolving universe.

Within this framework, the Universe can be represented as a static block, understood strictly as a mathematical construct encoding relational projections between frames, not as a physically frozen or ontologically real four-dimensional container. The block organizes how measurements performed by one system relate to states defined in another, and does not imply a pre-existing global spatial metric.

Cosmological redshift is reinterpreted as a relational simultaneity shift. Photons propagate along null trajectories, but the observed frequency depends on a Lorentz-like projection between the observer’s frame and the source’s frame. This projection is parametrized by a single scalar rapidity-like quantity, (\Phi_{AB}), defined purely by the relation between observer (A) and source (B).

Under this relational projection:





Photon frequencies scale as (1+z = e^{\Phi_{AB}}),




Observed time intervals are dilated by the same factor,




Blackbody spectra remain exactly Planckian, with an apparent temperature scaling (T_{\rm obs} = T_{\rm src}/(1+z)).



Crucially, Planck spectrum preservation arises from the Lorentzian nature of the projection, without adiabatic expansion or photon energy loss mechanisms. The Cosmic Microwave Background is thus interpreted not as evidence of a cooling Universe from a hot origin, but as radiation observed near the relational horizon, where simultaneity with the observer is maximally desynchronized.

A key conceptual consequence concerns causal limits and cosmic distance. Only events within an observer’s light cone are physically meaningful. Systems outside the causal horizon do not correspond to a measurable or ontologically real spatial separation. Observed photons encode relational time-dilation rather than a literal “snapshot of the distant past.” Apparent cosmic cooling, ancientness of distant galaxies, and redshift are thus observational effects of relational desynchronization, not evidence of a thermodynamic or metric evolution of space.

The framework reproduces the leading kinematic cosmological relations—Hubble’s law, Tolman surface brightness, time dilation of distant transients, and temperature–redshift scaling—without introducing a time-dependent scale factor, dark energy, or a Big Bang singularity. The absence of a Big Bang here does not contradict observations, but reflects that no global temporal origin is required in a purely relational ontology.

The proposal is explicitly empirical and falsifiable. Observables that depend on more than redshift kinematics—such as primordial nucleosynthesis yields, detailed CMB acoustic structure, and lensing time-delay relations—provide clear tests capable of confirming or refuting the relational interpretation.

This work is intended as a foundational and conceptual contribution: it demonstrates that many striking observational signatures of standard cosmology can emerge from relational simultaneity alone, without assuming an expanding Universe or a physically real spacetime container.



 

 

This manuscript is current in Official Peer Review.

Not final version.Copyright©2026 Alex De Giuseppe.All rights reserved.

This work is protected by copyright. Any form of plagiarism, unauthorized reproduction, or misappropriation of ideas, mathematically results, or text without proper citation constitutes a violation of academic and intellectual property standards and common laws.

No commercial use, adaptation, or derivative works are permitted without explicit written permission from the author.

For correspondence, citations, collaboration inquiries, or feedback please contact:degiuseppealex@gmail.com

The hash files that determine ownership have been created.