DOI: 10.15468/xluhdx
title: 嘉義縣阿里山鄉中大型哺乳動物相對豐度與分布調查暨各部落傳統文化祭儀中野生動物之利用及當代狩獵範圍之探討 Abundance and distribution of medium- to large-sized mammals, usage of wildlife in traditional ceremonies and contemporary hunting territories of the aboriginal tribes in Alishan Township, Chiayi County

description: "本計畫2014-2105年於阿里山鄉進行中大型哺乳動物資源調查及當地部落狩獵文化的調查，共紀錄到中大型哺乳類6目11科20種，其中有11種屬於保育類，特有種則有4種。鄉內1500公尺以上闊葉林的動物種數最多，1500公尺以下人工林最少，且利用自動相機較沿線及穿越線調查發現的動物種數多。四種偶蹄目中，山羌的相對豐度最高，水鹿次之，野豬最低。除了野豬分布偏向中低海拔之外，其餘偶蹄目及台灣獼猴主要分佈在東側緊鄰玉山國家公園的中高海拔地區。建議未來執行長期動物監測時，應以自動相機調查法為主，可減少人力需求並獲得最完整的調查結果。 鄒族於三大祭儀(小米播種祭 miyapo、小米豐收祭 homeyaya和戰祭 mayasvi)皆會以酒水、山肉（水鹿、山羌、山羊、山豬等偶蹄目動物）宴請賓客。達邦社全年各傳統祭儀總和之山肉需求量為78隻，以及赤腹松鼠12隻；特富野社山肉全年126隻(不含家祭)，赤腹松鼠12隻；來吉村全年山肉需求量為30隻。研究中發現「原住民基於傳統文化及祭儀需要獵捕宰殺利用野生動物管理辦法」與實際的祭儀實施與所利用之野生動物有明顯落差，因此建議針對該部分進行討論與修正。 本計畫依適應性經營管理的原則，提出一份「嘉義縣阿里山鄉適應性狩獵管理流程建議書」，以維持動物相對豐度於合理變動範圍內為管理目標，並建議以本計畫調查所得之全年祭儀所需之動物數量為核准狩獵總量，試行數年後再檢討。為尊重原住民狩獵禁忌，本計畫亦建議原住民申請狩獵時應免註明物種與數量，改由管理單位於核准文件中註明。 This project surveyed medium- to large-sized mammals and hunting cultures of local tribes in Alishan Township in 2014 and 2015. A total of 20 species in 11 families and 6 orders of mammals were recorded. Among them, 11 species were protected species and 4 were endemic species. Abundance of mammals was highest in broad-leaved forests above 1500 m of elevation and was lowest in plantations below 1500 m of elevation. Camera trapping recorded more species than road-side and transect surveys. Muntjac deer was the most abundant among the four artiodactyla species, followed by the Formosan sambar deer, Formosan serow, and wild boar. Except the wild boar that distributed in medium to low elevations, other artiodactyla and Formosan macaque mainly distributed in medium to high elevations on the east side of the Township, close to the Yushan National Park. This project recommends camera trapping for the future long-term monitoring of mammals to acquire the most complete results with the lowest manpower. The three major ceremonies of the Tsou people (miyapo, homeyaya, mayyasvi) treat guests with wine and game meat (deer, muntjac, serow and wild boar). For the ceremonies in a whole year, the Dabang tribe require 78 individuals of game and 12 red-bellied squirrels, the Tefuye tribe require 126 individuals of game and 12 red-bellied squirrels, and Laiji require 30 individuals of game. The wildlife species used by indigenous people in ceremonies are different from the species listed in “The regulations for the hunting and use of wildlife by indigenous people in traditional ceremonies,” which requires further discussions and corrections. This project proposed a “The procedure of adaptive hunting management in Alishan Township, Chiayi County” that aims at maintaining the relative abundance of wildlife within a reasonable range. This project also suggests that the total amount of game required for the ceremonies in a whole year should be approved in the first few years before the procedure is reviewed. To respect the taboo in the hunting by indigenous people, this project also suggests that the exact species and number of game should be listed by the administrations in the approval documents instead by the indigenous people in the application forms."