cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s5k0t
title: Data from: Cool sperm: why some placental mammals have a scrotum

description: Throughout the Cenozoic, the fitness benefits of the scrotum in placental
 mammals presumably outweighed the fitness costs through damage, yet a
 definitive hypothesis for its evolution remains elusive. Here, I present
 an hypothesis (Endothermic Pulses Hypothesis) which argues that the
 evolution of the scrotum was driven by Cenozoic pulses in endothermy, that
 is, increases in normothermic body temperature, which occurred in
 Boreotheria (rodents, primates, lagomorphs, carnivores, bats,
 lipotyphylans and ungulates) in response to factors such as cursoriality
 and climate adaptation. The model argues that stabilizing selection
 maintained an optimum temperature for spermatogenesis and sperm storage
 throughout the Cenozoic at the lower plesiomorphic levels of body
 temperature that prevailed in ancestral mammals for at least 163 million
 years. Evolutionary stasis may have been driven by reduced rates of
 germ-cell mutations at lower body temperatures. Following the extinction
 of the dinosaurs at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary 65.5 mya, immediate
 pulses in endothermy occurred associated with the dramatic radiation of
 the modern placental mammal orders. The fitness advantages of an optimum
 temperature of spermatogenesis outweighed the potential costs of testes
 externalization and paved the way for the evolution of the scrotum. The
 scrotum evolved within several hundred thousand years of the K-Pg
 extinction, probably associated initially with the evolution of
 cursoriality, and arguably facilitated mid- and late Cenozoic metabolic
 adaptations to factors such as climate, flight in bats and sociality in
 primates.
description: Supplementary data for
 evolution of scrotum paperSI: Table 1. Body
 temperature and body mass data coded as testicond, inguinal, or scrotal,
 and cursorial or non-cursorial. S2: Data selection criteria.S3: Table 2
 Statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) testing for the difference
 in body temperature as a function of testis location [testicond (n = 11),
 inguinal (n = 21), and scrotal (n = 51)]. S4: Table 3 Statistics of
 analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) testing for the difference in body
 temperature as a function of testis location (testicond, n = 11, and
 non-testicond, n = 72 mammal families). S5: Table 4 Statistics of
 phylogenetically independent analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) testing for
 the difference in body temperature between cursorial and non-cursorial
 mammal families. S6: Table 5 Statistics of phylogenetically independent
 analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) testing for the difference in body
 temperature between cursorial and non-cursorial scrotal mammal
 families.Scrotum
 supp.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3q7363
title: Data from: A hormone-related female anti-aphrodisiac signals temporary infertility and causes sexual abstinence to synchronize parental care

description: The high energetic demand of parental care requires parents to direct
 their resources towards the support of existing offspring rather than
 investing into the production of additional young. However, how such a
 resource flow is channelled appropriately is poorly understood. In this
 study, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the physiological
 mechanisms coordinating parental and mating effort in an insect exhibiting
 biparental care. We show a hormone-mediated infertility in female burying
 beetles during the time the current offspring is needy and report that
 this temporary infertility is communicated via a pheromone to the male
 partner, where it inhibits copulation. A shared pathway of hormone and
 pheromone system ensures the reliability of the anti-aphrodisiac. Female
 infertility and male sexual abstinence provide for the concerted
 investment of parental resources into the existing developing young. Our
 study thus contributes to our deeper understanding of the mechanisms
 underlying adaptive parental decisions.
description: Daten Engel et al
 Dryad
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bq280
title: Data from: Hermaphrodite life history and the maintenance of partial selfing in experimental populations of Caenorhabditis elegans

description: Background: Classic population genetics theory predicts that mixed
 reproductive systems, where self reproduction (selfing) and outcrossing
 co-exist, should not be as common as they are in nature. One means of
 reconciling theory with observations is to recognize that sexual conflict
 between males and hermaphrodites and/or constraints in the allocation of
 resources towards sex functions in hermaphrodites can balance the fitness
 components of selfing and outcrossing. Results: Using experimental
 evolution in Caenorhabditis elegans, we test whether the adaptive
 maintenance of partial selfing is due to sexual conflict and/or to the
 evolution of sex allocation towards male function in hermaphrodites. For
 this, we characterized the reproductive schedule and longevity patterns in
 hermaphrodites under selfing and under outcrossing with naïve males that
 did not have the opportunity to evolve with them. A shift in reproductive
 schedule towards earlier reproduction would be indicative of adaptation in
 our imposed life-cycle, while longevity is expected to evolve as a
 response to the harm that males impinge on hermaphrodites upon mating. To
 determine adaptation in the absence of constraints in sex allocation, we
 also characterized the life history of females that reproduced during
 experimental evolution through obligate mating with males. As expected
 with adaptation, we find that after 100 generations of experimental
 evolution, selfing hermaphrodites and females showed improved reproduction
 at earlier ages. We did not observe similar reproductive shifts in
 outcrossed hermaphrodites. We further find increased longevity in
 outcrossed females after evolution but not in outcrossed hermaphrodites, a
 result that indicates that sexual conflicts were likely more prevalent
 under male-female evolution than under male-hermaphrodite evolution.
 Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that the adaptive
 maintenance of partial selfing during C. elegans experimental evolution
 resulted from the evolution of sex allocation towards male function in
 hermaphrodites.
description: READMEDescription of the data
 packagereproductive_scheduleData associated with the MS. See README file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dk564
title: Data from: Prescribed fire does not promote outbreaks of a primary bark beetle at low-density populations

description: The causes of bark beetle outbreaks – particularly the role of
 disturbances – are poorly understood. Stand-scale disturbances, like
 fires, can suddenly improve local host susceptibility and may attract
 beetles; however, whether such increases can lead to outbreaks in
 post-disturbance stands is unclear. Using low-density Dendroctonus
 ponderosae mountain pine beetle populations in Pinus contorta lodgepole
 pine forests in western Canada, we investigated whether prescribed fires
 promote outbreaks or provide only short-term resources. Proportionally
 more burned than non-burned trees were attacked. At one site, beetle
 attacks increased in response to a resource pulse, but the proportions of
 attacked trees and numbers of attacks per tree declined over four years
 after fire. Elsewhere, beetle attacks remained very low. As the resource
 (phloem) quality of burned trees remained high three years after fire, we
 propose that post-fire mortality, resulting in fewer available host trees,
 can at least partially explain why D. ponderosae did not build up
 populations in burned stands. Synthesis and applications. Our study
 emphasizes the importance of examining long-term trends in fire–bark
 beetle interactions, and of understanding low-density beetle populations.
 Because fire does not seem to promote mountain pine beetle outbreaks, we
 recommend the continued use of prescribed fire for the general management
 of P. contorta forests with low-density beetle populations.
description: Data Tabacaru et al
 JAPPL 2015Proportion of lodgepole
 pine trees attacked by mountain pine beetle, number of attacks per tree,
 and tree death rates across three sites. Phloem nitrogen, moisture, and
 thickness across two years.Data_Tabacaru_et_al_JAPPL_2015.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.785
title: Data from: Multiple sources of character information and the phylogeny of Hawaiian drosophilids

description: Relationships among representatives of the five major Hawaiian Drosophila
 species groups were examined using data from eight different gene regions.
 A simultaneous analysis of these data resulted in a single
 most-parsimonious tree that (1) places the adiastola picture-winged
 subgroup as sister taxon to the other picture-winged subgroups, (2) unites
 the modified-tarsus species group with flies from the Antopocerus species
 group, and (3) places the white-tip scutellum species group as the most
 basal taxon. Because of the different gene sources used in this study,
 numerous process partitions can be erected within this data set. We
 examined the incongruence among these various partitions and the
 ramifications of these data for the taxonomic consensus, prior agreement,
 and simultaneous analysis approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction.
 Separate analyses and taxonomic consensus appear to be inadequate methods
 for dealing with the partitions in this study. Although detection of
 incongruence is possible and helps elucidate particular areas of
 disagreement among data sets, separation of partitions on the basis of
 incongruence is problematic for many reasons. First, analyzing all genes
 separately and then either presenting them all as possible hypotheses or
 taking their consensus provides virtually no information concerning the
 relationships among these flies. Second, despite some evidence of
 incongruence, there are no clear delineations among the various gene
 partitions that separate only heterogeneous data. Third, to the extent
 that problematic genes can be identified, these genes have nearly the same
 information content, within a combined analysis framework, as the
 remaining nonproblematic genes. Our data suggest that significant
 incongruence among data partitions may be isolated to specific
 relationships and the "false" signal creating this incongruence
 is most likely to be overcome by a simultaneous analysis. We present a new
 method, partitioned Bremer support, for examining the contribution of a
 particular data partition to the topological support of the simultaneous
 analysis tree.
description: Baker and DeSalle Data
 Setbaker.HD_matrix
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.01c7s
title: Data from: Genetic differentiation of the pine processionary moth at the southern edge of its range: contrasting patterns between mitochondrial and nuclear markers

description: The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is an important pest
 of coniferous forests at the southern edge of its range in Maghreb. Based
 on mitochondrial markers, a strong genetic differentiation was previously
 found in this species between western (pityocampa clade) and eastern
 Maghreb populations (ENA clade), with the contact zone between the clades
 located in Algeria. We focused on the moth range in Algeria, using both
 mitochondrial (a 648 bp fragment of the tRNA-cox2) and nuclear (11
 microsatellite loci) markers. A further analysis using a shorter mtDNA
 fragment and the same microsatellite loci was carried out on a transect in
 the contact zone between the mitochondrial clades. Mitochondrial diversity
 showed a strong geographical structure and a well-defined contact zone
 between the two clades. In particular, in the pityocampa clade, two inner
 subclades were found whereas ENA did not show any further structure.
 Microsatellite analysis outlined a different pattern of differentiation,
 with two main groups not overlapping with the mitochondrial clades. The
 inconsistency between mitochondrial and nuclear markers is probably
 explained by sex-biased dispersal and recent afforestation efforts that
 have bridged isolated populations.
description: PPM-Algeria-microsat-9loci-25pops-arpmicrosatellite dataset in Arlequin format of 25 pine processionary moth populations sampled in AlgeriaAlgeria-microsat-9loci-25pops.arpPPM-Algeria-microsat-9loci-25pops-genepopmicrosatellite dataset in Genepop format of 25 pine processionary moth populations sampled in AlgeriaAlgeria-microsat-9loci-25pops-genepop
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.83r81
title: Data from: Experience buffers extrinsic mortality in a group-living bird species

description: Extrinsic mortality has a strong impact on the evolution of
 life-histories, prey morphology and behavioural adaptations, but for many
 animals the causes of mortality are poorly understood. Predation is an
 important driver of extrinsic mortality and mobile animals form groups in
 response to increased predation risk. Furthermore, in many species
 juveniles suffer higher mortality than older individuals, which may
 reflect a lower phenotypic quality, lower competitiveness, or a lack of
 antipredator or foraging skills. Here we assessed the causes of mortality
 for 372 radio tagged Siberian jays. This sedentary bird species lives in
 family groups that contain a breeding pair as well as related and
 unrelated non-breeders. Ninety-five percent of death were due to predation
 (N=59 out of 62 individuals) and most individuals were killed by Accipiter
 hawks. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that
 non-breeders had a lower survival than breeders, but only in territories
 in managed forest with little visual cover. Examining breeders, only sex
 influenced survival with males having a lower survival than females. For
 non-breeders, juveniles had lower survival than older non-breeders, and
 those on managed territories had lower survival than those on unmanaged
 territories. Additionally, a low feather quality reduced the survival
 probability of non-breeders only. Thus, living on managed territories and
 having a low feature quality only affected non-breeders, particularly
 juveniles. These findings add to previous research demonstrating that
 juvenile Siberian jays acquire critical antipredator skills from
 experienced group members. Thus, experience can buffer extrinsic
 mortality, highlighting that group living not only provides safety in
 numbers, but also provide social opportunities to learn critical
 life-skills.
description: survival
 datadata used for survival
 analyses in paperpredator encounter
 datadata used in predator
 encounter analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kq54bc5
title: Data from: An integrative anatomical, morphological, micromorphological and molecular approach to Turkish epidendroid and orchidoid species (Orchidaceae)

description: We aimed to reveal the morphological, anatomical and micromorphological
 features of 36 Turkish orchids in detail. UPGMA cluster analysis was based
 on the presence or absence of anatomical, morphological and
 micromorphological characters such as root tuber, leaf or flower part
 structure, pit, sclerenchymatic sheath, vascular bundle shape, crystal and
 starch, exodermis and endodermis structure, stomata type, bulliform cell
 in roots, shoots or leaves, and surface structure like papillae, hairs and
 ornamentation on flower parts, leaves, fruits and seeds. In a phylogenetic
 framework, nuclear ribosomal ITS were used to investigate diversity in
 orchid species belonging to 12 genera. The combined evaluation of
 phylogenetic study, Bayesian Inference analysis obtained from anatomical,
 morphological and micromorphogical and ITS data confirmed that they can be
 more effective in assessing orchids having identification problems.
description: combined martix of ITS
 and structural charactersbayes_matrix.txtdescription of qualitative data characterstataesOrchids qualitative data_character_stataes.csvqualitative character codes of structural caharacters belonging to Turkish orchidsOrchids qualitative data_character-taxa.csvSpecies information and ITS genbank numbersOrchids qualitative data_spinfo.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bm76m89
title: Data from: A new method for evaluating the rock mass damage index based on the field point load strength

description: The damage index is a crucial controlling parameter for rock mass strength
 and deformation in civil, geological and mining engineering projects. In
 this study, a new method was proposed for computing the damage index of a
 rock mass based on the field point load strength. This method provides a
 strength ratio whose numerator is the point load strength (PLS) of
 splitting along the pre-existing joint and whose denominator is the PLS of
 intact rock failure. To validate this method, the author derived a
 relationship between the damage index and the integrality coefficient
 using an empirical relation. Moreover, numerous experimental tests were
 conducted, including P-wave testing and on-site point load testing.
 Finally, linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the
 correlation between the new damage index D_R and the integrality
 coefficient K_v. This study demonstrates that the presented new method is
 sensitive to both plasticity and damage in estimating the damage degree of
 rock masses in underground excavation and tunnel engineering.
description: Test data of point load
 strength and P-wave velocityPoint load data include
 original data and verification data. P-wave velocity data are used to
 verify point load.Dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.83jm680
title: Data from: Noninvasive sampling reveals population genetic structure in the Royle’s pika, Ochotona roylei, in the western Himalaya

description: Understanding population genetic structure of climate-sensitive herbivore
 species is important as it provides useful insights on how shifts in
 environmental conditions can alter their distribution and abundance.
 Herbivore responses to the environment can have a strong indirect
 cascading effect on community structure. This is particularly important
 for Royle’s pika (Lagomorpha: Ochotona roylei), a herbivorous
 talus-dwelling species in alpine ecosystem, which forms a major prey base
 for many carnivores in the Himalayan arc. In this study, we used seven
 polymorphic microsatellite loci to detect evidence for recent changes in
 genetic diversity and population structure in Royle’s pika across five
 locations sampled between 8 km to 160 km apart in the western Himalaya.
 Using four clustering approaches, we found the presence of significant
 contemporary genetic structure in Royle’s pika populations. The detected
 genetic structure could be primarily attributed to the landscape features
 in alpine habitat (e.g. wide lowland valleys, rivers) that may act as
 semi-permeable barriers to gene flow and distribution of food plants,
 which are key determinants in spatial distribution of herbivores. Pika
 showed low inbreeding coefficients (FIS) and a high level of pairwise
 relatedness for individuals within 1km suggesting low dispersal abilities
 of talus-dwelling pikas. We have found evidence of a recent population
 bottleneck, possibly due to effects of environmental disturbances (e.g.
 snow melting patterns or thermal stress). Our results reveal significant
 evidence of isolation by distance in genetic differentiation (FST range =
 0.04−0.19). This is the first population genetics study on Royle’s pika,
 which helps to address evolutionary consequences of climate change which
 are expected to significantly affect the distribution and population
 dynamics in this talus dwelling species.
description: Raw Data_Bhattacharyya
 and Ishtiaq 2018The file contains
 microsatellite raw data used in the study.Data_Bhattacharyya and Ishtiaq
 2018.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k77ck
title: Data from: Host life-history and host-parasite syntopy predict behavioral resistance and tolerance of parasites

description: There is growing interest in the role that life-history traits of hosts,
 such as their “pace-of-life”, play in the evolution of resistance and
 tolerance to parasites. Theory suggests that, relative to host species
 that have high syntopy (local spatial and temporal overlap) with
 parasites, host species with low syntopy should have lower selection
 pressures for more constitutive (always present) and costly defenses, such
 as tolerance, and greater reliance on more inducible and cheaper defenses,
 such as behavior. Consequently, we postulated that the degree of
 host-parasite syntopy, which is negatively correlated with host
 pace-of-life (an axis reflecting the developmental rate of tadpoles and
 the inverse of their size at metamorphosis) in our tadpole-parasitic
 cercarial (trematode) system, would be a negative and positive predictor
 of behavioral resistance and tolerance, respectively. To test these
 hypotheses, we exposed seven tadpole species to a range of parasite
 (cercarial) doses crossed with anesthesia treatments that controlled for
 anti-parasite behavior. We quantified host behavior, successful and
 unsuccessful infections, and each species’ reaction norm for behavioral
 resistance and tolerance, defined as the slope between cercarial exposure
 (or attempted infections) and anti-cercarial behaviors and mass change,
 respectively. Hence, tolerance is capturing any cost of parasite exposure.
 As hypothesized, tadpole pace-of-life was a significant positive predictor
 of behavioral resistance and negative predictor of tolerance, a result
 that is consistent with a trade-off between behavioral resistance and
 tolerance across species that warrants further investigation. Moreover,
 these results were robust to considerations of phylogeny, all possible
 re-orderings of the three fastest- or slowest-paced species, and various
 measurements of tolerance. These results suggest that host pace-of-life
 and host-parasite syntopy are powerful drivers of both the strength and
 type of host defense strategies against parasites. Future research should
 evaluate how often and how strongly host pace-of-life and host-parasite
 syntopy are correlated and which is the better predictor of the strength
 and type of host investments in anti-parasite defenses.
description: Dryad
 dataData describing
 treatments, tadpole species, attempted cercarial infections, actual
 metacercarial infections in tadpoles, tadpole mass change, and tadpole
 behaviors.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6n3ymz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3047 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Lycorma delicatula",
 "Country is one of (China, Chinese Taipei, Korea, Republic of, Japan, Viet Nam, India)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3047 records from 26 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001068-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.