cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278726
title: Impact of artificial intelligence on the choice of radiology as a specialty by medical students from the city of São Paulo

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on undergraduate medical students’ choice of radiology as a specialty. Materials and Methods: In February 2019, an anonymous online survey was sent to medical students. The research contemplated questions on how much students think they know about AI technologies, how much AI discourages them from choosing radiology as a specialty, and whether they believe there is a threat to the radiology job market. Results: A total of 101 students, most of them doing their internship, answered the questionnaire. More than half of them (52.5%) said they believe AI poses a threat to the radiology job market, but 64.3% claimed not to have proper knowledge about these new technologies, and 31.7% said they would like more information on the technologies’ operation and progress before making a decision on whether or not to practice radiology as a specialty. Conclusion: A significant proportion of the surveyed students perceive AI as a threat to the radiological practice, which impacts their career choice. However, the majority claims to have insufficient knowledge of it and believes more information is needed for decision-making.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278715
title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the vagina: an overview for radiologists with emphasis on clinical decision making

description: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging is a method with high contrast resolution widely used in the assessment of pelvic gynecological diseases. However, the potential of such method to diagnose vaginal lesions is still underestimated, probably due to the scarce literature approaching the theme, the poor familiarity of radiologists with vaginal diseases, some of them relatively rare, and to the many peculiarities involved in the assessment of the vagina. Thus, the authors illustrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of vaginal diseases and the main relevant findings to be considered in the clinical decision making process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278725
title: Subspecialized radiology reporting: productivity and impact on the turnaround times for radiology reports in a middle-income country

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect that transitioning from a model of general radiology reporting to one of subspecialized radiology reporting has on report turnaround times (TATs) and on productivity in the radiology department of a hospital in a middle-income country. Materials and Methods: The reporting workflow in our radiology department was changed from general reporting (any radiologist reporting imaging studies for any specialty) to subspecialized reporting (radiologists exclusively reporting imaging studies that fall within their subspecialty-abdominal, musculoskeletal, cardiothoracic, emergency, or neurological imaging). This was a retrospective study in which we compared general reporting with subspecialized reporting in terms of the following variables: the TAT; the proportions of reports completed within 2 h and within 24 h (TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, respectively); and productivity. Data were collected over two 24-month periods (2015-2016 for general reporting and 2017-2018 for subspecialized reporting). Results: A total of 208,516 reports were generated. The median report TAT decreased from 49.1 h and 52.9 h in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 16.1 h and 15.2 h in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The TAT-2h also improved, increasing from 8.7% and 7.9% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 52.0% and 61.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p &lt; 0.001), as did the TAT- 24 h, which increased from 12.1% and 14.1% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 74.3% and 78.7% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Between the two periods, the total number of scans performed increased by 33% (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a subspecialized reporting system significantly improved the median TAT for radiology reports, as well as increasing the TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, during a time of increased productivity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278725.v1
title: Subspecialized radiology reporting: productivity and impact on the turnaround times for radiology reports in a middle-income country

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect that transitioning from a model of general radiology reporting to one of subspecialized radiology reporting has on report turnaround times (TATs) and on productivity in the radiology department of a hospital in a middle-income country. Materials and Methods: The reporting workflow in our radiology department was changed from general reporting (any radiologist reporting imaging studies for any specialty) to subspecialized reporting (radiologists exclusively reporting imaging studies that fall within their subspecialty-abdominal, musculoskeletal, cardiothoracic, emergency, or neurological imaging). This was a retrospective study in which we compared general reporting with subspecialized reporting in terms of the following variables: the TAT; the proportions of reports completed within 2 h and within 24 h (TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, respectively); and productivity. Data were collected over two 24-month periods (2015-2016 for general reporting and 2017-2018 for subspecialized reporting). Results: A total of 208,516 reports were generated. The median report TAT decreased from 49.1 h and 52.9 h in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 16.1 h and 15.2 h in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The TAT-2h also improved, increasing from 8.7% and 7.9% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 52.0% and 61.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p &lt; 0.001), as did the TAT- 24 h, which increased from 12.1% and 14.1% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 74.3% and 78.7% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Between the two periods, the total number of scans performed increased by 33% (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a subspecialized reporting system significantly improved the median TAT for radiology reports, as well as increasing the TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, during a time of increased productivity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278727
title: Proportional vascularization along the fallopian tubes and ovarian fimbria: assessment by confocal microtomography

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate and reconstruct three-dimensional images of vascularization along the fallopian tube (FT), as well as to determine its relationship with the ovary and ovarian fimbria, and to quantify the blood vessels along the FT according to its anatomical segments, using confocal microtomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Nine specimens (six FTs and three FTs with ovaries) were fixed in a solution of 10% formalin for &gt; 24 h at room temperature. Iodine staining was performed by soaking the specimens in 10% Lugol’s solution for 24 h. All specimens were evaluated using micro-CT. A morphometric analysis was performed on the reconstructed images to quantify the vascular distribution along the FT. Results: In the FTs evaluated, the density of blood vessels was significantly greater in the fimbrial segments than in the isthmic segments (p &lt; 0.05). The ovarian fimbria was clearly identified, demonstrating the important relationship between these vessels and the FT fimbriae. Conclusion: We believe that the vascularization in the fimbriae is greater than and disproportional that in the other segments of FT, and that the ovarian fimbria plays an important role in the development of that difference.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278727.v1
title: Proportional vascularization along the fallopian tubes and ovarian fimbria: assessment by confocal microtomography

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate and reconstruct three-dimensional images of vascularization along the fallopian tube (FT), as well as to determine its relationship with the ovary and ovarian fimbria, and to quantify the blood vessels along the FT according to its anatomical segments, using confocal microtomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Nine specimens (six FTs and three FTs with ovaries) were fixed in a solution of 10% formalin for &gt; 24 h at room temperature. Iodine staining was performed by soaking the specimens in 10% Lugol’s solution for 24 h. All specimens were evaluated using micro-CT. A morphometric analysis was performed on the reconstructed images to quantify the vascular distribution along the FT. Results: In the FTs evaluated, the density of blood vessels was significantly greater in the fimbrial segments than in the isthmic segments (p &lt; 0.05). The ovarian fimbria was clearly identified, demonstrating the important relationship between these vessels and the FT fimbriae. Conclusion: We believe that the vascularization in the fimbriae is greater than and disproportional that in the other segments of FT, and that the ovarian fimbria plays an important role in the development of that difference.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278732
title: Practical recommendations for the safe use of gadolinium in magnetic resonance imaging: a Delphi expert panel study

description: Abstract Objective: To assess the practical aspects of the use of various gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) by radiologists. Materials and Methods: Ten experienced radiologists from different regions of Brazil participated in a Delphi panel querying their use of various GBCAs, including linear and macrocyclic classes (1.0 and 0.5 M), in terms of the choice of agent, volume and dosage of the agents, and associated safety concerns. Results: The response rate was 100% for all questions. GBCAs are safe in terms of acute adverse reactions, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is rare. The deposition of gadolinium in the brain and other tissues is a concern among the experts. Macrocyclic agents are preferable to linear agents; an injection volume below 0.1 mL/kg of a 1.0 M agent could result in good-quality images with additional long-term safety, but there is no published evidence to support this recommendation. The majority of experts preferred not to administer GBCAs to pregnant patients. Conclusion: When choosing a GBCA, it is important to consider the characteristics of the gadolinium deposition in patient tissues and minimize potential risks. Furthermore, medical education programs are needed to increase the awareness of the potential risks of gadolinium deposition and thus avoid instances of overexposure to the contrast agent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278726.v1
title: Impact of artificial intelligence on the choice of radiology as a specialty by medical students from the city of São Paulo

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on undergraduate medical students’ choice of radiology as a specialty. Materials and Methods: In February 2019, an anonymous online survey was sent to medical students. The research contemplated questions on how much students think they know about AI technologies, how much AI discourages them from choosing radiology as a specialty, and whether they believe there is a threat to the radiology job market. Results: A total of 101 students, most of them doing their internship, answered the questionnaire. More than half of them (52.5%) said they believe AI poses a threat to the radiology job market, but 64.3% claimed not to have proper knowledge about these new technologies, and 31.7% said they would like more information on the technologies’ operation and progress before making a decision on whether or not to practice radiology as a specialty. Conclusion: A significant proportion of the surveyed students perceive AI as a threat to the radiological practice, which impacts their career choice. However, the majority claims to have insufficient knowledge of it and believes more information is needed for decision-making.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278730
title: Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study selected 91 patients who had chest CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test collected at the same day. CT results were classified in negative, typical, indeterminate or atypical findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two different scenarios: in the first, only typical findings on CT were considered positive; in the second, both typical and indeterminate findings were considered positive. Results: Mean patients’ age was 58.2 years, most were male (60.4%) and had prior diagnosis of cancer (85.7%). CT showed typical findings in 28.6%, indeterminate findings in 24.2% and atypical findings in 26.4%. RT-PCR results were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 27.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the first and second scenarios were respectively 64.0%, 84.8% and 79.1%, and 92.0%, 62.1% and 70.3%. Conclusion: CT has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different interpretation criteria can provide either high sensitivity or high specificity. CT should be integrated as a triage test in resource-constrained environments during the pandemic to assist in the optimization of PCR-tests, isolation beds and intensive care units.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278730.v1
title: Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study selected 91 patients who had chest CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test collected at the same day. CT results were classified in negative, typical, indeterminate or atypical findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two different scenarios: in the first, only typical findings on CT were considered positive; in the second, both typical and indeterminate findings were considered positive. Results: Mean patients’ age was 58.2 years, most were male (60.4%) and had prior diagnosis of cancer (85.7%). CT showed typical findings in 28.6%, indeterminate findings in 24.2% and atypical findings in 26.4%. RT-PCR results were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 27.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the first and second scenarios were respectively 64.0%, 84.8% and 79.1%, and 92.0%, 62.1% and 70.3%. Conclusion: CT has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different interpretation criteria can provide either high sensitivity or high specificity. CT should be integrated as a triage test in resource-constrained environments during the pandemic to assist in the optimization of PCR-tests, isolation beds and intensive care units.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278732.v1
title: Practical recommendations for the safe use of gadolinium in magnetic resonance imaging: a Delphi expert panel study

description: Abstract Objective: To assess the practical aspects of the use of various gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) by radiologists. Materials and Methods: Ten experienced radiologists from different regions of Brazil participated in a Delphi panel querying their use of various GBCAs, including linear and macrocyclic classes (1.0 and 0.5 M), in terms of the choice of agent, volume and dosage of the agents, and associated safety concerns. Results: The response rate was 100% for all questions. GBCAs are safe in terms of acute adverse reactions, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is rare. The deposition of gadolinium in the brain and other tissues is a concern among the experts. Macrocyclic agents are preferable to linear agents; an injection volume below 0.1 mL/kg of a 1.0 M agent could result in good-quality images with additional long-term safety, but there is no published evidence to support this recommendation. The majority of experts preferred not to administer GBCAs to pregnant patients. Conclusion: When choosing a GBCA, it is important to consider the characteristics of the gadolinium deposition in patient tissues and minimize potential risks. Furthermore, medical education programs are needed to increase the awareness of the potential risks of gadolinium deposition and thus avoid instances of overexposure to the contrast agent.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278733.v1
title: Non-neoplastic cholangiopathies: an algorithmic approach

description: Abstract Cholangiopathies are chronic diseases that affect the bile ducts, comprising a heterogeneous group of progressive and potentially fatal entities. The diagnosis of these diseases is a great challenge for radiologists because of the overlapping of their clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings. Nevertheless, identifying the precise etiology is crucial, given that the therapeutic options are distinct and influence the prognosis of the patient. The purpose of this review article is to discuss some of the non-neoplastic causes of cholangiopathies and to provide a useful diagnostic algorithm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278733
title: Non-neoplastic cholangiopathies: an algorithmic approach

description: Abstract Cholangiopathies are chronic diseases that affect the bile ducts, comprising a heterogeneous group of progressive and potentially fatal entities. The diagnosis of these diseases is a great challenge for radiologists because of the overlapping of their clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings. Nevertheless, identifying the precise etiology is crucial, given that the therapeutic options are distinct and influence the prognosis of the patient. The purpose of this review article is to discuss some of the non-neoplastic causes of cholangiopathies and to provide a useful diagnostic algorithm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278735
title: Thoracic tomographic manifestations in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19

description: Abstract China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278735.v1
title: Thoracic tomographic manifestations in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19

description: Abstract China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278737
title: Preliminary study of the technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound: from procedure to diagnosis

description: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the main technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound and to determine the proportion of examinations excluded. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 440 automated breast ultrasound examinations performed, over a 12-month period, by technicians using an established protocol. Results: In five cases (1.1%), the examination was deemed unacceptable for diagnostic purposes, those examinations therefore being excluded. Conclusion: Automated breast ultrasound is expected to overcome some of the major limitations of conventional ultrasound in breast cancer screening. In Brazil, this new method can be accepted for inclusion in routine clinical practice only after its advantages have been validated in the national context.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14278739
title: Comparison between STIR and T2-weighted SPAIR sequences in the evaluation of inflammatory sacroiliitis: diagnostic performance and signal-to-noise ratio

description: Abstract Objective: To compare two different fat-saturated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques-STIR and T2 SPAIR-in terms of image quality, as well as in terms of their diagnostic performance in detecting sacroiliac joints (SIJ) active inflammation. Materials and Methods: We included 69 consecutive patients with suspected spondyloarthritis undergoing MRI between 2012 and 2014. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated with the method recommended by the American College of Radiology. Two readers evaluated SIJ MRI following ASAS criteria to assess diagnostic performance regarding the detection of active SIJ inflammation. T1 SPIR Gd+ sequence was used as the reference standard. Results: The mean SNR was 72.8 for the T1 SPIR Gd+ sequence, compared with 14.1 and 37.6 for the STIR and T2 SPAIR sequences, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of STIR and SPAIR T2 sequences did not show any statistically significant differences, for the diagnosis of sacroiliitis with active inflammation. Conclusion: Our results corroborate those in the recent literature suggesting that STIR sequences are not superior to T2 SPAIR sequences for SIJ evaluation in patients with suspected spondyloarthritis. On 1.5-T MRI, T2-weighted SPAIR sequences provide better SNRs than do STIR sequences, which reinforces that T2 SPAIR sequences may be an advantageous option for the evaluation of sacroiliitis.