cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6336b
title: Data from: Bird functional diversity decreases with time since disturbance: does patchy prescribed fire enhance ecosystem function?

description: Animal species diversity is often associated with time since disturbance,
 but the effects of disturbances such as fire on functional diversity are
 unknown. Functional diversity measures the range, abundance and
 distribution of trait values in a community, and links changes in species
 composition with the consequences for ecosystem function. Improved
 understanding of the relationship between time since fire (TSF) and
 functional diversity is critical given that the frequency of both
 prescribed fire and wildfire is expected to increase. To address this
 knowledge gap, we examined responses of avian functional diversity to TSF
 and two direct measures of environmental heterogeneity, plant diversity
 and structural heterogeneity. We surveyed birds across a 70-year
 chronosequence spanning four vegetation types in southeast Australia. Six
 bird functional traits were used to derive four functional diversity
 indices (richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion) and the effects of
 TSF, plant diversity and structural heterogeneity on species richness and
 the functional diversity indices were examined using mixed models. We used
 a regression tree method to identify traits associated with species more
 common in young vegetation. Functional richness and dispersion were
 negatively associated with TSF in all vegetation types, suggesting that
 recent prescribed fire generates heterogeneous vegetation and provides
 greater opportunities for resource partitioning. Species richness was not
 significantly associated with TSF, and is probably an unreliable surrogate
 for functional diversity in fire-prone systems. A positive relationship
 between functional evenness and structural heterogeneity was common to all
 vegetation types, suggesting that fine scale (10s of metres) structural
 variation can enhance ecosystem function and resilience. Species more
 common in young vegetation were primarily linked by their specialist
 diets, indicating that ecosystem services such as seed dispersal and
 insect control are enhanced in more recently burnt vegetation. We suggest
 that patchy prescribed fire sustains functional diversity, and that
 controlled use of patchy fire to break up large expanses of mature
 vegetation will enhance ecosystem function.
description: All data
 filesData files are
 associated with Table 2, Figure 1, Figure 2, Appendix C and Appendix D.
 Please see ReadMe.txt for further information.Data_files.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cn7mq57
title: Data from: Local root growth and death are mediated by contrasts in nutrient availability and root quantity between soil patches

description: Plants are thought to be able to regulate local root growth according to
 its overall nutrient status as well as nutrient contents in a local
 substrate patch. Therefore, root plastic responses to environmental
 changes are likely co-determined by local responses of root modules and
 systematic control of the whole plant. Recent studies showed that the
 contrast in nutrient availability between different patches could
 significantly influence the growth and death of local roots. In this
 study, we further explored beside nutrient contrast, whether root growth
 and death in a local patch are also affected by relative root quantity in
 the patch. We conducted a split-root experiment with different splitting
 ratios of roots of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) individuals, as
 well as high (5× Hoagland solution vs water) or low (1× Hoagland solution
 vs water) contrast nutrient conditions for the split roots. The results
 showed that root growth decreased in nutrient-rich patches but increased
 in nutrient-poor patches when more roots co-occurred in the same patches,
 irrespective of nutrient contrast condition. Root mortality depended on
 contrasts in both root quantity and nutrients: in the high nutrient
 contrast condition, it increased in nutrient-rich patches but decreased in
 nutrient-poor patches with increasing root proportion; while in the low
 nutrient contrast condition it showed the opposite trend. These results
 demonstrated that root growth and death dynamics were affected by the
 contrast in both nutrient availability and root quantity between patches.
 Our study provided ecological evidence that local root growth and death
 are mediated by both the responses of root modules to a nutrient patch and
 the whole plant nutrient status, suggesting that future work investigating
 root production and turnover should take into account the degree of
 heterogeneity in nutrient and root distribution.
description: biomass
 databiomass.xlsxroot length datalength.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pt384
title: Data from: Cross-fostering eggs reveals that female collared flycatchers adjust clutch sex ratios according to parental ability to invest in offspring

description: Across animal taxa, reproductive success is generally more variable and
 more strongly dependent upon body condition for males than for females; in
 such cases, parents able to produce offspring in above-average condition
 are predicted to produce sons, whereas parents unable to produce offspring
 in good condition should produce daughters. We tested this hypothesis in
 the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) by cross-fostering eggs
 among nests and using the condition of foster young that parents raised to
 fledging as a functional measure of their ability to produce fit
 offspring. As predicted, females raising heavier-than-average foster
 fledglings with their social mate initially produced male-biased primary
 sex ratios, whereas those raising lighter-than-average foster fledglings
 produced female-biased primary sex ratios. Females also produced
 male-biased clutches when mated to males with large secondary sexual
 characters (wing patches), and tended to produce male-biased clutches
 earlier within breeding seasons relative to females breeding later.
 However, females did not adjust the sex of individuals within their
 clutches; sex was distributed randomly with respect to egg size, laying
 order, and paternity. Future research investigating the proximate
 mechanisms linking ecological contexts and the quality of offspring
 parents are able to produce with primary sex-ratio variation could provide
 fundamental insight into the evolution of context-dependent sex-ratio
 adjustment.
description: datasetVariables used in statistical analysesgenotypesMicrosatellite genotypes
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jd150
title: Data from: The evolutionary legacy of diversification predicts ecosystem function

description: Theory suggests that the structure of evolutionary history represented in
 a species community may affect its functioning, but phylogenetic diversity
 metrics do not allow for the identification of major differences in this
 structure. Here we propose a new metric, ELDERness (for Evolutionary
 Legacy of DivERsity) to estimate evolutionary branching patterns within
 communities by fitting a polynomial function to lineage-through-time (LTT)
 plots. We illustrate how real and simulated community branching patterns
 can be more correctly described by ELDERness and can successfully predict
 ecosystem functioning. In particular, the evolutionary history of
 branching patterns can be encapsulated by the parameters of third-order
 polynomial functions and further measured through only two parameters, the
 “ELDERness surfaces.” These parameters captured variation in productivity
 of a grassland community better than existing phylogenetic diversity or
 diversification metrics and independent of species richness or presence of
 nitrogen fixers. Specifically, communities with small ELDERness surfaces
 (constant accumulation of lineages through time in LTT plots) were more
 productive, consistent with increased productivity resulting from
 complementary lineages combined with niche filling within lineages.
 Overall, while existing phylogenetic diversity metrics remain useful in
 many contexts, we suggest that our ELDERness approach better enables
 testing hypotheses that relate complex patterns of macroevolutionary
 history represented in local communities to ecosystem functioning.
description: Simulated phylogenies
 and lineage through time plot Yguel et al 2016 AmNatThe Rdata files are
 simulated phylogenies and lineage through time plot of these simulated
 phylogenies, used in Yguel et al. 2016 AmNat. The code to extract the LTT
 plot from the phylogenies is given in the Appendices of the article as
 well as the method used to make these simulations.The name of the Rdata
 file indicates which simulation the file is refering to. The Excel files
 contain measures of phylogenetic structure of these simulated phylogenies
 (Measure phylogenetic structure parameters on simulated phylogenies.xlsx)
 and phylogenies of the experimental communities used in the article
 (Measure phylogenetic structure parameters on Cadotte Zanne phylog.xlsx).
 The code to calculate a1, a2, a3, and to measure S1 and S2 are given in
 the method of the article. In all excel files, a1 a2 a3 are the polynomial
 parameters fitted on the LTT plots. S1 and S2 are respectively ES1 and
 ES2, the "elderness surface" presented in the article. MPD,
 MNTD, gamma, and Colless are the common phylogenetic structure measurement
 (see also method), and invNRI and invNTI the standardized version of MPD
 and MNTD. RichSpe or Sps correspond to the species richness. PlotID
 corresponds to the identification of the plot. Mean19962007 corresponds to
 the mean productivity from 1996 to 2007.Data used in Yguel et al 2016
 AmNat.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k175g
title: Data from: Polymorphism in the couch potato gene clines in eastern Australia but is not associated with ovarian dormancy in Drosophila melanogaster

description: Natural selection can generate parallel latitudinal clines in traits and
 gene frequencies across continents but these have rarely been linked. An
 amino acid (isoleucine to lysine, or I462K) polymorphism of the couch
 potato (cpo) gene in Drosophila melanogaster is thought to control female
 reproductive diapause cline in North America (Schmidt et al. 2008). Here,
 we show that under standard diapause inducing conditions (12 °C and short
 photoperiod) (Saunders et al. 1989), egg maturation in Australian flies is
 delayed but not arrested at previtellogenic stages. At 12°C, the
 phenotypic distribution in egg development was bimodal at stages 8 and 14,
 and showed a strong non-linear pattern on the east coast of Australia,
 with incidence of egg maturation delay (ovarian dormancy) increasing both
 toward tropical and temperate climates. Furthermore, we found no evidence
 for an association between the cpo I462K polymorphism and ovarian dormancy
 at either 12 or 10 °C (when egg maturation was often delayed at stage 7).
 Owing to strong linkage disequilibrium, the latitudinal cline in cpo
 allele frequencies was no longer evident once variation in the In(3R)P
 inversion polymorphism was taken into account. Our results suggest that
 the standard diapause inducing conditions (12°C and short photoperiod)
 were not sufficient to cause the typical previtellogenic developmental
 arrest in Australian flies and that the cpo I462K polymorphism does not
 explain the observed delay in egg development. In conclusion, ovarian
 dormancy does not show a simple latitudinal cline, and the lack of
 cpo-dormancy association suggests a different genetic basis to
 reproductive dormancy in North America and Australia.
description: 15955692MEC-11-0018.R2
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.72j20
title: Data from: Using areas of known occupancy to identify sources of variation in detection probability of raptors: taking time lowers replication effort for surveys

description: Species occurring at low density can be difficult to detect and if not
 properly accounted for, imperfect detection will lead to inaccurate
 estimates of occupancy. Understanding sources of variation in detection
 probability and how they can be managed is a key part of monitoring. We
 used sightings data of a low-density and elusive raptor (white-headed
 vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis) in areas of known occupancy (breeding
 territories) in a likelihood-based modelling approach to calculate
 detection probability and the factors affecting it. Because occupancy was
 known a priori to be 100%, we fixed the model occupancy parameter to 1.0
 and focused on identifying sources of variation in detection probability.
 Using detection histories from 359 territory visits, we assessed nine
 covariates in 29 candidate models. The model with the highest support
 indicated that observer speed during a survey, combined with temporal
 covariates such as time of year and length of time within a territory, had
 the highest influence on the detection probability. Averaged detection
 probability was 0.207 (s.e. 0.033) and based on this the mean number of
 visits required to determine within 95% confidence that white-headed
 vultures are absent from a breeding area is 13 (95% CI: 9–20).
 Topographical and habitat covariates contributed little to the best models
 and had little effect on detection probability. We highlight that low
 detection probabilities of some species means that emphasizing habitat
 covariates could lead to spurious results in occupancy models that do not
 also incorporate temporal components. While variation in detection
 probability is complex and influenced by effects at both temporal and
 spatial scales, temporal covariates can and should be controlled as part
 of robust survey methods. Our results emphasize the importance of
 accounting for detection probability in occupancy studies, particularly
 during presence/absence studies for species such as raptors that are
 widespread and occur at low densities.
description: Murn C, Holloway, G
 (2016) Data from: Using areas of known occupancy to identify sources of
 variation in detection probability of raptors: taking time lowers
 replication effort for surveys. Royal Society Open
 ScienceContains encounter rates
 and values for covariates used in the modelling programme
 PRESENCE.Murn & Holloway
 data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf1k4m8
title: Data from: Black spruce (Picea mariana) colonization of subarctic snowpatches in response to warmer climate

description: 1. Snowpatches are disjunct arctic ecosystems scattered across the
 Subarctic, particularly on wind-protected lee slopes, where a thick snow
 cover accumulates during the winter. These snow-rich treeless ecosystems
 are affected by delayed snowmelt, causing shorter growing seasons.
 Snow-tolerant plants occupy the center of subarctic snowpatches whereas
 black spruce trees grow at the margins. Snowpatches have shown sporadic
 expansion and shrinkage phases from tree establishment and mortality
 linked to climatic trends. Field surveys in the Subarctic of eastern
 Canada are showing an afforestation process occurring in snowpatches. The
 origin and nature of this afforestation were investigated based on the
 hypothesis that tree colonization and growth were closely associated with
 recent changes in climate. 2. Snowpatches were categorized in three types
 based on border trees: forested, semi-forested and tundra-like. In eight
 randomly selected snowpatches of each type, snowpatch borders and areas
 covered by deciduous shrubs or trees were mapped and chionophilous plants
 and frost-associated soil disturbances were recorded. Radial (tree-ring )
 and vertical growth were measured on stems to evaluate the impact of
 climate and local factors on snowpatch black spruce populations. 3. Two
 waves of spruce colonization occurred in all forested and semi-forested
 snowpatches in the 1960s and in the 1980s to present. Spruce establishment
 was more frequent and abundant in recent years, near the forest margins
 and on moss and barren seedbeds. Expanding shrub (dwarf birch) cover
 inhibited spruce seedling establishment. Tree establishment and growth
 were positively correlated with growing season temperature and negatively
 correlated with annual maximum snow depth. More recently established
 spruce seedlings exhibited faster vertical growth than those established
 in the 20thcentury. 4. Synthesis: Due to warmer conditions and earlier
 snowmelt in eastern Canada, black spruce trees and dwarf birch shrubs are
 racing through subarctic snowpatches. This afforestation could change
 biodiversity in the Subarctic and affect watershed dynamics through a
 change in snowmelt pattern. Subarctic snowpatches are climate-sensitive
 ecosystems of the forest-tundra landscape, forming ideal biotopes for
 snow-tolerant, arctic-alpine species. Further tree encroachment in
 snowpatches in this century is potentially a threat to plant diversity,
 especially chionophilous species that have no corridors to migrate towards
 arctic ecosystems.
description: Complete data
 setData on snowpatch
 distribution, characteristics and detailed inventory of colonizing spruce
 seedlings. Seedlings were analyzed for their vertical
 growth.Data_package.xlsx
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.27751.71844/3
title: "TEXAS UNIVERSITY – LIFE SCIENCE LIBRARY (AUSTIN/EUA)” ("https://www.lib.utexas.edu"): 5 livros diferentes de André Valério Salles. (Doação da Embaixada dos EUA no Brasil/Recife).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8br852
title: Data from: Spawning behaviour of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): spawning synchrony, vibrational communication and mate guarding

description: A mismatch between male and female gamete release in external fertilizers
 can result in reduced or failed fertilization, sperm competition and
 reduced paternity. Here, spawning behaviour of free-living Arctic charr
 (Salvelinus alpinus) was video recorded, and their reproductive behaviour
 was analysed. From evaluating 157 spawning events we observed that females
 mainly spawned with a guarding male and the female and the guarding male
 synchronized timing of gamete releaseunder sperm competition. Although
 sneakers spawned with higher synchrony than the guarding male in single
 male spawning events, the average sneaker released his milt 0.6 seconds
 after the spawning female under sperm competition. Approximately 50% of
 the recorded spawning events occurred under sperm competition, where each
 event included an average of 2.7 males. Additionally, sneakers were more
 exposed to sperm competition than guarding males. An influx of males, in
 close proximity to the female, occurred during the behavioural sequences
 leading up to egg release, but this influx seemed not dependent on egg
 release, suggesting that something else than gonadal product attracts
 sneaker males to the spawning female. Just before and during the actual
 release of gametes the spawning couple vibrates their bodies in close
 contact and it seems likely that vibrational communication between the
 spawning couple reveals time of gamete release to surrounding sneaker
 males. This might explain the relative high level of synchrony in gamete
 release between the female and the males from both reproductive tactics
 under sperm competition. Thus, vibrational communication between the
 guarding male and the female comes with the cost of higher detectability
 from surrounding males and may represent a “double-edged sword” for the
 guarding male.
description: Main_sheetGives the data used for courtship analyses and for measure the intensity of sperm competition.Male_densityGives the data used to find the correlation between length of quivering period and (i) number of males releasing milt, (ii) number of males in proximity to the females or (iii) with the relative increase of males in the vibrational lifespanEjaculatesData used to measure the risk of sperm competitionSingleData used for compare the spawning synchrony of the guarding males and sneaker males in spawning events without sperm competition.SneakerData used for testing the synchrony in gamete release between males with different status.SynchronyData used to measure the different in timing of gamete release between the guarding males and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd sneaker males.TimerUsed for measureing the male density when the female spawns.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76r80
title: Data from: Chemical communication of queen supergene status in an ant

description: Traits of interest to evolutionary biologists often have complex genetic
 architectures, the nature of which can confound traditional experimental
 study at single levels of analysis. In the fire ant Solenopsis invicta,
 the presence of a Mendelian ‘supergene’ is both necessary and sufficient
 to induce a shift in a fundamental property of social organization, from
 single-queen (monogyne) to multiple-queen (polygyne) colonies. This
 selfish genetic element, termed the Social b (Sb) supergene, contains
 &gt; 600 genes that collectively promote its fitness by inducing the
 characteristic polygyne syndrome, in part by causing polygyne workers to
 accept only queens bearing the Sb element (a behaviour termed ‘worker Sb
 discrimination’). Here, we employ a newly developed behavioural assay to
 reveal that polygyne workers, many of which bear the Sb element, employ
 chemical cues on the cuticle of queens to achieve worker Sb
 discrimination, but we found no evidence for such pheromonally mediated
 worker Sb discrimination in monogyne workers, which universally lack the
 Sb element. This polygyne worker Sb discrimination was then verified
 through a ‘green beard’ effect previously described in this system. We
 thus have demonstrated that the Sb element is required both for production
 of relevant chemical cues of queens and for expression of the behaviours
 of workers that collectively result in worker Sb discrimination. This
 information fills a critical gap in the map between genotype and complex
 phenotype in S. invicta by restricting the search for candidate genes and
 molecules involved in producing this complex social trait to factors
 associated with the Sb element itself.
description: Worker Sb discrimination
 dataWorker Sb Discrimination
 assay scores for SB/SB and SB/Sb queens, with Wilcoxon tests and
 multiple-comparison correction analyses, yielding data reported in Figure
 1 and Figure 2.Green beard assay-data
 summariesRaw data for hexane and
 methanol Green Beard assays. Genotypes of workers attacking queen
 surrogate, reference workers, and workers attacking alien ant, yielding
 genotype proportions reported in Figure 3.worker size-Gp9 genotype
 associationsWorker size (small and
 large) and Gp-9 genotype from 16 methanol-extract Green Beard
 assays.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s9wn58
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 23791 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Nekemias"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 23791 records from 240 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000681-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.