DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7hn1j
title: Data from: Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food

description: Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes
 xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose
 vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata
 with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic
 approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological
 characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this
 section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new
 isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates
 all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of
 these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses
 using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM)
 and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony
 characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth
 parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and
 micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning
 electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many
 specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including
 echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons,
 and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites
 are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several
 extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial
 in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as
 sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected
 despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a
 polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new
 species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish
 species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences.
 For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical
 sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different
 temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species
 identification.
description: Combined alignment: benA
 caM RPB2Combined dataset of
 BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences for 164 taxa belonging to section Aspergillus
 (formerly Eurotium). Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T represents an outgroup.
 BenA: positions 1-408; CaM: positions 409-1124; RPB2: positions
 1125-2093benA caM
 RPB2.fasPhylogeny of sect.
 Aspergillus inferred from combined data: BenA, CaM, RPB2A 50% majority rule
 Maximum likelihood consensus tree based on combined dataset of BenA, CaM
 and RPB2 sequences showing the relationship of species within Aspergillus
 sect. Aspergillus. Dataset contained 164 taxa. Maximum likelihood
 bootstrap proportion (bs) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) are
 appended to nodes; only bs ≥ 70 % and pp ≥ 95% are shown, lower supports
 are indicated with a hyphen, whereas asterisks indicate full support (100%
 bs or 1.00 pp); ex-type strains are designated by a superscript T. The
 tree is rooted with Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T.Fig 1 Eurotium combined
 phylogeny.pdfβ-tubulin (BenA)
 alignmentAlignment: β-tubulin
 (BenA) sequences for 164 taxa belonging to section Aspergillus (formerly
 Eurotium). Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T represents an
 outgroup.benA.fasAspergillus sect. Aspergillus: Tree based on benAA 50% majority rule Maximum likelihood consensus tree based on partial β-tubulin (BenA) sequences showing the relationship of species within Aspergillus sect. Aspergillus. Maximum likelihood bootstrap proportion (bs) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) are appended to nodes; only bs ≥ 70 % and pp ≥ 95% are shown, lower supports are indicated with a hyphen, whereas asterisks indicate full support (100% bs or 1.00 pp); ex-type strains are designated by a superscript T. The tree is rooted with Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T.Fig 2 Eurotium Tree benA.pdfCalmodulin (caM) alignmentAlignment: calmodulin (caM) sequences for 164 taxa belonging to section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium). Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T represents an outgroup.caM.fasAspergillus sect. Aspergillus: Tree based on CaMA 50% majority rule Maximum likelihood consensus tree based on partial calmodulin (CaM) sequences showing the relationship of species within Aspergillus sect. Aspergillus. Maximum likelihood bootstrap proportion (bs) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) are appended to nodes; only bs ≥ 70 % and pp ≥ 95% are shown, lower supports are indicated with a hyphen, whereas asterisks indicate full support (100% bs or 1.00 pp); ex-type strains are designated by a superscript T. The tree is rooted with Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T.Fig 3 Eurotium Tree CaM.pdfRPB2 alignmentAlignment: RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences for 164 taxa belonging to section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium). Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T represents an outgroup.RPB2.fastaAspergillus sect. Aspergillus: Tree based on RPB2A 50% majority rule Maximum likelihood consensus tree based on partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences showing the relationship of species within Aspergillus sect. Aspergillus. Maximum likelihood bootstrap proportion (bs) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) are appended to nodes; only bs ≥ 70 % and pp ≥ 95% are shown, lower supports are indicated with a hyphen, whereas asterisks indicate full support (100% bs or 1.00 pp); ex-type strains are designated by a superscript T. The tree is rooted with Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T.Fig 4 Eurotium Tree RPB2.pdfITS rDNA alignmetAlignment: RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences for 164 taxa belonging to section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium). Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T represents an outgroup.ITS.fasAspergillus sect. Aspergillus: Tree based on ITS rDNAA 50% majority rule Maximum likelihood consensus tree based on ITS rDNA sequences. Maximum likelihood bootstrap proportion (bs) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) are appended to nodes; only bs ≥ 70 % and pp ≥ 95% are shown, lower supports are indicated with a hyphen, whereas asterisks indicate full support (100% bs or 1.00 pp); ex-type strains are designated by a superscript T. The tree is rooted with Hamigera avellanea NRRL 1938T.Fig 5 Eurotium Tree ITS.pdf