cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.7924/r4jw8dj9h
title: Data and scripts from: Variation in carotenoid-containing retinal oil droplets correlates with variation in perception of carotenoid coloration

description: In the context of mate choice, males may vary continuously in their expression of assessment signals, typically reflecting information about variation in mate quality. Similarly, females may exhibit variation in mate preference, which could be due to differences in how individual females perceive signals. The extent to which perception varies across individuals, however, and whether differences in sensory physiology underlie perceptual differences is poorly understood. Carotenoid pigments create the orange-red coloration of many assessment signals, and they also play a role in color discrimination in many vertebrates via their presence in retinal oil droplets. Here, we link variation in oil droplet carotenoid concentration with the ability of female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to discriminate an orange-red color continuum that parallels variation in male beak color, a mate assessment signal. We have shown previously that zebra finch females perceive this color range categorically, meaning they label color stimuli from this continuum as belonging to two categories and exhibit better discrimination between colors from different categories as compared to equally different colors from within a category. We quantified behavioral color discrimination and R-type (red) cone oil droplet spectral absorption, a proxy for carotenoid concentration. Oil droplet absorption was strongly predictive of variation in behavioral color discrimination ability. In particular, higher carotenoid concentration in oil droplets correlated with increased discrimination of colors from different sides of the previously identified category boundary. These data show that differences in the sensory periphery can correlate with individual variation in perception of a signal-relevant color range.
DOI: 10.7924/r4w956k1q
title: Data from: Modeling salt marsh vegetation height using Unoccupied Aircraft Systems and Structure from Motion

description: Salt marshes provide important services to coastal ecosystems of the southeastern United States. In many locations, salt marsh habitats are threatened by coastal development and erosion, necessitating large-scale monitoring. Assessing vegetation height across the extent of a marsh can provide a comprehensive analysis of its health, as vegetation height is associated with above ground biomass (AGB), and can be used to track degradation or growth over time. Traditional methods to do this, however, rely on manual measurements of stem heights that can cause harm to the marsh ecosystem. Moreover, manual measurements are limited in scale and are often time and labor intensive. Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) can provide an alternative to manual measurements and generate continuous results across a large spatial extent in a short period of time. In this study, a multirotor UAS equipped with optical (RGB) and multispectral sensors was used to survey five salt marshes in Beaufort, North Carolina. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry of the resultant imagery allowed for continuous modeling of the entire marsh ecosystem in three-dimensional space. From these models, vegetation height was extracted and compared to ground-based manual measurements. Vegetation heights generated from UAS data consistently under-predicted true vegetation height proportionally and a transformation was developed to predict true vegetation height. Employing this transformation, our results indicate that UAS and SfM are capable of producing accurate assessments of salt marsh health via consistent and accurate vegetation height measurements.
DOI: 10.7924/r4kp81n9j
title: Video data from: Low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech

description: Mandates for mask use in public during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have applied a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. We compare a variety of commonly available mask types and observe that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck fleece or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by non-experts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.
DOI: 10.7924/r4h995b4q
title: Data from: Quantifying skin stiffness in graft-versus-host disease, morphea and systemic sclerosis using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and shear wave elastography

description: There is a need for objective, sensitive and reproducible methods of assessing skin sclerosis. We performed a cross sectional, non-interventional study to evaluate the utility of accoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) to quantify skin stiffness among healthy volunteers (HV), patients with cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), morphea, and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The average tissue displacement in skin with clinical sclerosis scores equal to 1, 2, and 3 was 1.00, 1.66, and 2.45 Âµm lower than normal appearing skin (p<0.001), respectively. The average shear wave speed (SWS) across skin with a sclerosis score equal to 1, 2, and 3 was 0.73, 1.25, and 3.10 m/s higher than the SWS values from normal appearing skin (all p<0.001), respectively. Clinically normal appearing skin among patients with morphea and SSc, but not GVHD, was stiffer compared to HV skin when measured by ARFI.  BMI and body site were other independent factors that affected tissue displacement, whereas only body site was an independent factor for SWS. ARFI and SWEI may allow for accurate and early detection of skin stiffness among patients with cutaneous fibrosing disorders.
DOI: 10.7924/r42n55g1z
title: Data from: Climate implications of electrification projects in the developing world: a systematic review

description: Energy is crucial to household health and consumption needs, and for enabling productive uses that enhance development. Yet increasing energy use also affects climate change. While "off-grid" renewable solutions offer the possibility of climate-sensitive development, some argue that a low emissions energy pathway conflicts with economic development. This systematic review analyzes the state of knowledge concerning the surprisingly understudied nexus of climate and development implications of electrification projects in low and middle income countries, focusing on whether and how these two potentially conflicting objectives can be balanced. After systematically identifying and coding the relevant literature, we describe the relationships between generation technologies, energy services, emissions, and development outcomes therein. Despite the increasing importance of this topic, relevant literature is scant, and largely supports the idea that the development impacts from off-grid, low-emissions renewables have been muted in the past, relative to high-emissions grid-based electrification. Our results hint at the fact that more sustainable long term development will inevitably require supporting poor countries in their efforts to develop high-quality electricity grids that are more reliant on low carbon technologies.
DOI: 10.7924/r41n84j94
title: Data from: High-elevation monsoon precipitation processes in the Central Andes of Peru

description: Measurements at the high-elevation Lamar Observatory in the Mantaro Valley (MV) in the Central Andes of Peru demonstrate a diurnal cycle of precipitation characterized by convective rainfall during the afternoon and nighttime stratiform rainfall with embedded convection. Data from three wet seasons 2016-2018 reveal long-duration (6-12 hours) shallow precipitating systems (LDPS) that produced about 17% of monsoon rainfall in 2016 and 2018 associated with El Niño and La Niña respectively. The LPDS fraction of monsoon rainfall doubles to 35% with weekly recurrence in 2017 under El Niño Costero (coastal) conditions. Backward trajectory analysis shows that precipitable water sustaining > 80% of seasonal precipitation and LPDS originates in the western Amazon foothills and it is transported to higher elevation in 1-2 days. LDPS occur under favorable moisture conditions dictated by the South America Low Level Jet (SALLJ) and Cold Air Incursions (CAIs). High inter-annual variability of precipitation processes occurs with increased moisture supply in the mid troposphere due to higher frequency of CAIs during the 2017 El Niño Costero, with low-level advection from the eastern Andes foothills tied to SALLJ strength and enhanced moisture convergence ahead of CAI fronts. These findings highlight the role of eastern Andes in organizing the low-level moisture supply to high-elevation precipitation systems. Analysis of ground-based vis-à-vis the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission satellite-based radar observations points to significant challenges to precipitation detection and estimation measurement from space as the GPM clutter-free height (~2 km) exceeds the depth of precipitation systems in the MV (50% overall).
DOI: 10.7924/r4fq9x365
title: Data from: Enhanced polymer mechanical degradation through mechanochemically unveiled lactonization

description: The mechanical degradation of polymers is typically limited to a single chain scission per triggering chain stretching event, and the loss of stress transfer that results from the scission limits the extent of degradation that can be achieved. Here, we report a mechanically triggered, delayed scission strategy that allows many eventual scission events to be initiated within a single polymer chain. The strategy is demonstrated via a mechanophore with a [4.2.0]bicyclooctene (BCOE) core that leverages a mechanochemical, orbital symmetry-forbidden 4-electron disrotatory ring-opening reaction to set up a subsequent, force-free and thermodynamically favorable lactonization. Ultrasonication of a 120 kDa BCOE copolymer triggers the desired mechanical remodeling of the polymer backbone, and the resulting lactonization leads to a gradual decrease in molecular weight over the course of 9 days to a final value of 4.4 kDa, more than an order of magnitude smaller than control polymers in which the ring-opened BCOE is protected from lactonizing. The force-coupled activity of the ring-opening reaction is probed by single molecule force spectroscopy and through the use of internal standards in sonication, and the forces required for activation are far smaller than is typically required for the mechanical chain scission of conventional covalent polymers.
DOI: 10.7924/r4ww7dx6q
title: Video data from: Low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech

description: Mandates for mask use in public during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have applied a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. We compare a variety of commonly available mask types and observe that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck fleece or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by non-experts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.
DOI: 10.7924/r4j38sg3b
title: Data from: Q-Sort Concourse and Data for the  Human Dimensions of Large MPAs project

description: This document provides data collected using Q-method as part of the Human Dimensions of Large Marine Protected Areas project (visit https://humansandlargempas.com/). We conducted a Q-sort with stakeholders associated with large marine protected areas (or efforts to establish them) in 5 locations: Bermuda, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI, USA), Kiribati, Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), and Palau. A total of 40 Interviewees sorted 47 statements related to large-scale marine protected areas according to their level of agreement with each statement (from least agree [-5] to most agree [+5]). Statements were printed on cards and interviewees laid them out on an 11-point distribution board. Interviewees were asked to indicate breaks between statements they disagreed with, were neutral about, and agreed with. Researchers recorded sorts in a data recording form and noted the break lines. Finals sorts were photographed and checked against data recording forms for accuracy. Data recording sheets also note the location, respondent code, stakeholder group of the respondent, and date the Q sort was conducted.
DOI: 10.7924/r40p13p11
title: Data from: Contributions of World Regions to the Global Tropospheric Ozone Burden Change from 1980 to 2010

description: We investigate the contributions of emission changes from 10 world regions, as well as the global methane concentration change on the global tropospheric ozone burden change from 1980 to 2010. The modeled global tropospheric ozone burden has increased by 28.1 Tg, with 26.7% (7.5 Tg) of this change attributed to the global methane increase. Southeast Asia (5.6 Tg) and South Asia (4.0) contribute comparably to the global ozone burden change as East Asia (5.6), even though NOx emission increases in each region are less than one third of those in East Asia, highlighting the greater sensitivity of global ozone to these regions. Emission decreases from North America, Europe and Former Soviet Union have led to ozone burden decreases of 2.8, 1.0, and 0.3 Tg. The greater sensitivity of the global ozone burden to emission changes in tropical and subtropical regions emphasizes the importance of controlling emissions in these regions for global ozone.
DOI: 10.7924/r4db82p1j
title: Blue Devil Breakdown: Enrollment Data from 1970 to 2020

description: Duke's enrollment data over the past 50 years speaks volumes about the evolution of the University. Using physical scans courtesy of the Duke University Archives, we cleaned, compiled, and manipulated decades of registrar data across all Duke schools to create an interactive application. Giving users control over how they want to dive into the data, we hope to both illuminate questions and inspire further research into the composition of Duke's student body--highlighting the history, origins, and people that have helped make it what it is today.
DOI: 10.7924/r4v122j79
title: Data from: Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm

description: This dataset contains the raw sequencing data files for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Abstract: Little is known about the reproductive effects of paternal cannabis exposure. We evaluated associations between cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure and altered DNA methylation in sperm from humans and rats, respectively. DNA methylation, measured by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, differed in the sperm of human users from non-users by at least 10% at 3,979 CpG sites. Pathway analyses indicated Hippo Signaling and Pathways in Cancer as enriched with altered genes (Bonferroni p < 0.02). These same two pathways were also enriched with genes having altered methylation in sperm from THC-exposed versus vehicle-exposed rats (p < 0.01). Data validity is supported by significant correlations between THC exposure levels in humans and methylation for 177 genes, and substantial overlap in THC target genes in rat sperm (this study) and genes previously reported as having altered methylation in the brain of rat offspring born to parents both exposed to THC during adolescence. In humans, cannabis use was also associated with significantly lower sperm concentration. Findings point to possible pre-conception paternal reproductive risks associated with cannabis use.
DOI: 10.7924/r4125x84n
title: Data from: Distal conformational locks on ferrocene mechanophores guide reaction pathways for enhanced mechanochemistry

description: When incorporated into polymeric materials, mechanophores can be used to produce strain-dependent covalent chemical responses, including stress-strengthening, stress-sensing and network remodeling. In general, it is desirable for mechanophores to be highly inert in the absence of force but highly reactive under applied tension. Metallocenes possess remarkable combinations of force-free stability and force-coupled reactivity, but the mechanistic basis of this reactivity remains largely unexplored. Here, we use single molecule force spectroscopy to probe the mechanical reactivity of a series of ferrocenophanes and elucidate the mechanistic factors that dictate their mechanochemical activity. The force-coupled rate of cyclopentadiene (Cp) dissociation among various ferrocene derivatives varies by several orders of magnitude at ~1 nN, and the differences in reactivity are not correlated with ring strain in the reactants, but the extent of rotational realignment of the two Cp ligands. Mechanophores with pulling points that are conformationally restricted by distal attachments to an eclipsing orientation are most labile, whereas conformationally unrestricted ligands reorient under force to effectively superpose "catch bond" like contributions onto the overall mechanically assisted dissociation reaction. The ability to program the mechanism of ferrocene dissociation to proceed through ligand "peeling", as opposed to the more conventional "shearing" mechanism of the parent ferrocene, leads to enhanced macroscopic, multi-responsive behavior including mechanochromism and force-induced crosslinking in ferrocenophane-containing polymers.
DOI: 10.7924/r4cv4jq6j
title: Data and scripts from: A semi-automated method for estimating Adelie penguin colony abundance from a fusion of multispectral and thermal imagery collected with Unoccupied Aircraft Systems

description: Monitoring Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) populations on the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) provides information about the health of the species and the WAP marine ecosystem itself. In January 2017, surveys of Adelie penguin colonies at Avian Island and Torgersen Island off the WAP were conducted via unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) collecting RGB, thermal, and multispectral imagery. A semi-automated workflow to count individual penguins using a fusion of multispectral and thermal imagery was developed and combined into a GIS workflow. This workflow isolates colonies using multispectral imagery and detects and counts individuals by thermal signatures. Two analysts conducted manual counts from synoptic RGB UAS imagery. The automated system deviated from analyst counts by -3.96% on Avian Island and by 17.83% on Torgersen Island. However, colony by colony comparisons revealed that greatest deviations occurred at larger colonies. Matched pairs analysis revealed no significant differences between automated and manual counts at both locations (p > 0.31) and linear regressions of colony sizes from both methods revealed significant positive relationships approaching unity (p < 0.0002. R2= 0.91). These results indicate that combining UAS surveys with sensor fusion techniques and semi-automated workflows provide efficient and accurate methods for monitoring seabird colonies in remote environments.
DOI: 10.7924/r48k7bv5t
title: Data from: Contaminant removal efficiency of floating treatment wetlands

description: This dataset belongs to the paper titled 'Contaminant removal efficiency of floating treatment wetland' published by Environmental Research Letters. 

The abstract of the paper is: Floating treatment wetlands are new ecological infrastructures for stormwater treatment. Despite a recent proliferation in their usage, their contaminant removal efficiency e continues to draw research attention. Here, the e from idealized FTWs is numerically computed across a wide range of flow and geometric conditions while accommodating joint contributions of advection, turbulent dispersion, and vegetation removal. The emerging mathematical structure describing e bears resemblance to a simplified plug flow model and supports an empirical shallow-basin models from long-term field measurements. The present model indicates that e remains significantly influenced by a Dämkohler number that quantifies the effects of both vegetation and flow properties. The impacts one of the underflow region and contaminant blockage on the removal mechanisms are also investigated.
DOI: 10.7924/r4qn65b0z
title: Data from modeling in support of the Global Methane Assessment, UN Environment, 2020

description: We focus our modeling on the response to 50% reductions in the anthropogenic increase in methane concentrations. A 50% value is chosen as that is large enough to give a clear signal over meteorological noise in the models and it is similar in magnitude to what methane technical controls could potentially achieve. Based on observations reported by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, the 2015 concentration of methane was 1834 ppb, which is used in Run 3. Ice core data indicate that the 1750 value was about 722 pbb, hence the anthropogenic increase is 1112 ppb. A 50% reduction in that increase would therefore lower concentrations by 556 ppb, so that the atmospheric abundance would then be 1278 ppb, which is used in Run 4. The response is evaluated under present day (2015) conditions. Anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are from the SSP3 dataset produced in support of CMIP6 and the IPCC AR6 cycle assessments. Though 2015 SSP emissions are projections taken from a model, for consistency with 2050 projections also used in the Global Methane Assessment, these were harmonized to 2010 historical emissions reported by the CEDS project (v2017-05-08).

Five state-of-the-art climate models participated in the assessment: the CESM2(WACCM6) model developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, CO, USA (Danabasoglu et al., 2020; Gettelman et al., 2020); the GFDL AM4.1/ESM4.1 (Dunne et al., 2019; Horowitz et al., 2020) model developed by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in Princeton, NJ, USA; the GISS E2.1/E2.1-G model developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency in New York, NY, USA (Kelley et al., 2020; doi:10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.1400); the MIROC-CHASER model developed by the Meteorological Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan (Sudo et al., 2002; Watanabe et al., 2011; Sekiya et al., 2018); and the UKESM1 model developed jointly by the Met Office, Exeter, UK, and the UK academic community (Archibald et al., 2019; Sellar et al., 2019).