cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1613
title: Selection of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from Nham for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria

description: A total of 107 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from 20 samples of Thai sour pork (nham), were collected from Suddhiluck Innofood Co.,Ltd. Bacteriocin-producing LAB were screened using an agar spotted test and agar well diffusion method. Among those LAB, only 34 isolates could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. The most inhibition on S. aureus of these isolates namely NSL13-2, NSL1-4 and NSL5-2 were selected and identified based on morphology and biochemical characteristics using API 50 CHL (BioMérieux, France) and 16S rDNA analysis. NSL13-2, NSL1-4 and NSL5-2 were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria and Enterococcus gilvus, respectively. Growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria was investigated by co-culturing with selected LAB in MRS broth. The highest efficiency of inhibitory effect observed when 104 CFUml-1of pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured with 106 CFUml-1 of P. pentosaceus. Complete growth inhibition of S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were detected after 12 hours of incubation, while Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were observed after 8 and 16 hours, respectively. Maximal growth of P. pentosaceus was obtained by culturing in MRS broth pH 8.0 and incubated at 30°C for 24 hours. Whereas, the highest bacteriocin activity was obtained by culturing in MRS broth adding with 3% (w/v) NaCl. Temperature, pH and incubation time that more favourable for bacteriocin production were range from 25 to 37๐C, pH 6.0-9.5 and 12 or 24 hours. The application of 106 CFUg-1 of P. pentosaceus as starter culture for nham preparation was performed for study inhibitory efficiency in food model. No detection of S. aureus, B. cereus and S. Typhimurium in nham inoculated both of pathogenic bacteria and P. pentosaceus (NSP) after 120, 24 and 120 hours of fermentation time, respectively. Whereas, decrease in number of L. monocytogenes and E. coli were observed. The number of L. monocytogenes and E. coli in NSP decreased to 2.26 and 3.23 log CFU at the end of fermentation, respectively. Therefore, P. pentosaceus could be used as starter culture in nham preparation in order to prevent the harmless of pathogenic bacteria.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1614
title: The characteristics of diamond detector and its performance in small photon beams

description: An ideal radiation detector for small photon beam should have the properties of high radiation sensitivity, high spatial resolution, constant response and soft tissue equivalent. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of PTW Riga diamond detector type 60003 and evaluate its performance in small fields of 6 MV photon beams. The characteristics of diamond detector were studied for polarization effect, repeatability, reproducibility and linearity of response, dependence on; dose-rate, beam energy, and direction. Performance of diamond detector was compared with those of Scanditronix Wellhofer p-type silicon diode and 0.13 cc ionization chamber (CC13) by measurements for field sizes of 1.5×1.5-10×10 cm2 which included output factors (OF), percentage depth doses (PDD), and beam profiles. Pre-irradiation dose of 5 Gy was required to solve the polarization effect and stabilize detector response. After pre-irradiation, the standard deviation was 0.16% in 10 repeated measurements and 0.4% for reproducibility in 1 month, 1 week apart. Diamond detector showed good linearity of response with the dose range studied of 1-400 cGy. The diamond to ion chamber response ratio were 1.008 to 0.995 for dose-rate varied from 1.58 to 4.69 Gy/min. Diamond detector showed no dependence on beam energy, slightly dependence on beam direction. Output factors measured by diamond detector were comparable with that measured by diode and CC13 for the field size greater than 2×2 cm2 and increasing to 2.3% for 1.5×1.5 cm2 with higher dose by diamond detector. For PDD measurements, the deviations between diamond-diode and diamond-CC13 were higher than 2% at the depth deeper than 15 cm. For beam profile measurement, radiological width (RW50) measured by diamond detector were comparable with those by diode and CC13 for 10×10 cm2 field size and larger than the others for small field size. Penumbra width (80-20%) measured by diamond detector was also larger than diode but smaller than CC13 for all field sizes study. For small field of photon beam, the diamond detector has suitable characteristics and performance for dosimetric applications. Due to its tissue equivalent property, the diamond detector is superior to the diode. However, the user should be attending to pre-irradiation process which relates to the stability of detector response.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1615
title: Utilization of associated gas from onshore oil field production of Thailand

description: Associated gas is by-product from crude oil production which is usually flared because crude oil is the more expensive product and too small amount of associated gas produced. However, the field that has large amount of associated gas produced would be developed since it can generate the benefits. Currently, the technology has enhanced gas utilization more efficient and can be applied for small scale natural gas field development by many options such as LNG, GTL, LPG, GTW, including PNG. In this study, reserve determination and production forecast of crude oil and associated gas, and financial analysis will be the tools to identify the suitable option. Gas utilization options and constraints were studied and listed. The onshore oil fields in Thailand are preliminary previewed and, then a particular case was selected and studied in details. The possible options for small scale gas utilization are considered for the next step of study. The field criteria to considerations are studied which the associated gas reserve and future production are the important parameters for this study, and they depend on reserve and future production of crude oil. The determined associated gas reserve and production forecast was set to 3 different cases of outcome. The sub-fields in the case field are screened by the criteria to get the 2 sub-field candidates. The financial analysis comes into play to determine the feasible fields with the suitable option. The study concludes that the utilization of associated gas from onshore oil field production in Thailand is potent enough to implement. The options of small-scale LNG and, combined of power generation and gas pipeline to community are appropriate for 2 sub-field in the particular case.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1616
title: One-pot synthesis of halosilanes and application

description: ได้ทดสอบคลอริเนทิงเอเจนต์ 15 ชนิดสำหรับการเปลี่ยนไฮโดรไซเลนเป็นคลอโรไซเลน ในบรรดาคลอริเนทิงเอเจนต์ที่ศึกษา การใช้เฮกซะคลอโรอีเทนร่วมกับ Pdcl[subscript2] ในปริมาณตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา พบว่ามีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุดได้คลอโรไซเลนที่สอดคล้องกันในปริมาณสูง ภายใต้ภาวะที่ไม่รุนแรง ใช้ระยะเวลาสั้น วิธีการนี้สามารถประยุกต์สำหรับสังเคราะห์คลอโรไซเลนจากไฮโดรไซเลนที่มีโครงสร้างหลากหลาย ได้เสนอกลไกการเกิดปฏิกิริยา โดยทั่วไปว่าเกิดขึ้นจากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างคลอริเนทิงเอเจนต์กับ Pd(0) ผ่านปฏิกิริยาออกซิเดทีฟแอดดิชัน ตามด้วยปฏิกิริยารีดักทีฟอีลิมิเนชันเพื่อการทำให้เกิดPd(0) ใหม่ นอกจากนี้สามารถใช้เฮกซะโบรโมแอซิโทนเป็นโบรมิเนทิงเอเจนต์ร่วมกับแสงยูวี (254 นาโนเมตร) เพื่อสังเคราะห์โบรโมไซเลนจากไฮโดไซเลนได้ในปริมาณสูง ภายใต้ภาวะที่ไม่รุนแรง ใช้ระยะเวลาสั้น วิธีการที่ได้พัฒนาสำหรับเตรียมคลอโรไซเลนนี้สามารถประยุกต์ต่อสำหรับสังเคราะห์อนุพันธ์ไซลิล ได้แก่ ไซลิลอีเทอร์และไซลิลเอสเทอร์ในปฏิกิริยาแบบวันพอต
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1617
title: Genetics of antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio species isolated from farmed marine shrimps in Thailand

description: A total of 83 Vibrio isolates from farmed marine shrimps, comprising V. parahaemolyticus (n=26), V. cholera (n=8), V.fluvalis (n=23) and V. vulnificus (n=16) were included in this study. Susceptibilities to 10 antimicrobials were determined. The occurrence and characteristics of class1, 2 and 3 integrons were investigated. The presence of tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O) and tet(S) genes were examined. Seventeen isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or enrofloxacin were examined for mutations the Quinolone Resistance Determinig Regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes. Seventy-four isolates (89%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 17 isolates (21%) were multidrug-resistant. Most of the Vibrio isolates (62%) were resistant to ampicillin and the most common resistance pattern was the AMP-SMX-TMP (4.82%). As class 1 integrons were identified in 6%, no class 2 and 3 intrgrons were detected. Only one class 1 integrons in a V. cholera isolate carried gene cassettes. Nucleotide sequrncing analysis revealed that the inserted gene cassette was the partial rumA gene. All of class 1 integrons did not harbor the typical 3’conserved segment. None of the isoloates possessed tet genes tested. As Ser-83-lle substitution in GyrA was the major mutation identified in the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (59%), no mutation in ParC was observed. The results warranted further studies to investigate other mechanisms underlying resistance to antibiotics in the Vibrio isolates from farmed marine shrimps.
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-1-1
title: Diagram MAPD0001

description: Length of Seasons: The description in the text and the diagrams in the manuscripts coincide well. The purpose of the diagram is solely to show that the four equal quadrants of the zodiac contain four unequal lengths of the year and what those lengths are. Initially the circle of the twelve signs is laid out, usually within a circular band, sometimes on the outside of a single circle. The four cardinal points ABΓΔ are set anti-clockwise at 90-degree intervals, beginning with A at Aries 0° and at 12 o'clock. Two perpendicular diameters connect the pairs of points AΓ and BΔ. The letter Θ appears at the centerpoint, where the diameters intersect.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-2-1
title: Diagram MAPD0002

description: Generic Epicycle: The manuscript diagrams for the generic epicycle follow generally the description of Calcidius's text. The most common divergence from the text's description is a failure of the radii tangent to the epicycle to be, in fact, tangent. Calcidius's account here might not be clear to a reader not already familiar with such a diagram. The purpose of the diagram is to identify the forward and retrograde arcs of the epicycle as well as the stationary points of the planet on the epicycle. The zodiacal circle and the earth at its center are specified first. The epicyclic circle EZH is then presented, but the text requires a preexisting diagram and simply discusses the motion of points on the diagram. The three points labeling the epicycle only become clear as the description proceeds, the points Z and H being the points of tangency with the two radii drawn to the zodiacal circle and the point E being between the zodiacal point A and the center M of the epicycle along a radius from the earth through M to A. Once this figure is recognized, the reader can follow Calcidius's account of epicyclic motion, which he applies here to any planet and gives no specifics of planetary motion. The epicycle here is fixed and does not move around the zodiac. The epicycle only rotates, with its motion in the same sense as the celestial sphere, from east to west, showing the motion of a planet on its periphery. Calcidius point out the two locations, or regions, of planetary station in two very small arcs including the tangent points H and Z. He then labels the passage from Z through E to H as the proper motion of the planet on the periphery of the epicycle and the passage from H to Z as the retrograde motion of the planet. He continually reminds the reader that the planetary motions are seen against the background of the zodiac rather than directly on the epicyclic circle.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-3-1
title: Diagram MAPD0003

description: Generic Epicycle: The manuscript diagrams for the generic epicycle follow generally the description of Calcidius's text. The most common divergence from the text's description is a failure of the radii tangent to the epicycle to be, in fact, tangent. Calcidius's account here might not be clear to a reader not already familiar with such a diagram. The purpose of the diagram is to identify the forward and retrograde arcs of the epicycle as well as the stationary points of the planet on the epicycle. The zodiacal circle and the earth at its center are specified first. The epicyclic circle EZH is then presented, but the text requires a preexisting diagram and simply discusses the motion of points on the diagram. The three points labeling the epicycle only become clear as the description proceeds, the points Z and H being the points of tangency with the two radii drawn to the zodiacal circle and the point E being between the zodiacal point A and the center M of the epicycle along a radius from the earth through M to A. Once this figure is recognized, the reader can follow Calcidius's account of epicyclic motion, which he applies here to any planet and gives no specifics of planetary motion. The epicycle here is fixed and does not move around the zodiac. The epicycle only rotates, with its motion in the same sense as the celestial sphere, from east to west, showing the motion of a planet on its periphery. Calcidius point out the two locations, or regions, of planetary station in two very small arcs including the tangent points H and Z. He then labels the passage from Z through E to H as the proper motion of the planet on the periphery of the epicycle and the passage from H to Z as the retrograde motion of the planet. He continually reminds the reader that the planetary motions are seen against the background of the zodiac rather than directly on the epicyclic circle.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-10-1
title: Diagram MAPD0010

description: Bounded Elongation of Venus Desciptive: The manuscript diagrams for this text and for that following it, the epicyclic explanation of Venus's elongation, are among the most corrupted in all of the Calcidian corpus. The positions of X and K vary extensively, and there are usually two concentric circles within the zodiacal circle, neither of which is called for by the text. However, most scribes either chose not to correct these variants in their exemplars or else did not recognize any error in such variant diagrams. From the eleventh century onward, some scholars did recognize and correct them. The text calls for a severely descriptive, not explanatory, image. The zodiacal circle, a central earth at X, a radius passing through the Sun's center K to the point B, and two radii to two zodiacal points A and Γ, located respectively 50° to the east and to the west of B, are sufficient to complete the diagram. With the Sun always seen along XKB, the planet Venus never appears farther away from it than the two limiting radii XA and XΓ at angles of 50° from XKB.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-11-1
title: Diagram MAPD0011

description: Bounded Elongation of Venus Epicyclic: The manuscript diagrams for this text are often confusing, and it is less easy to categorize them than the diagrams for the previous text, which gives the observational account of Venus's elongation. As the text says, the epicyclic explanation builds upon the immediately preceding text that describes the visible elongation. However, with the positions of X and K already misplaced in most of the diagrams for the prior text, any attempt to add an epicyclic circle for Venus would usually result in further error. Nonetheless, certain scholars of the eleventh century did reconstruct the diagrams correctly from the text. The epicyclical account of Venus's elongation prescribes a circle cutting the zodiacal radius XKB. This radius passes from the earth through the Sun at K, but the distance from X to K is nowhere stated. While it would seem proper to make this radius bisect the epicyclic circle, the location of K is possible at the center of the epicycle, below this center, or completely outside and below the epicycle. The last option would fit Plato's planetary order, which has Venus farther than the Sun from the earth. In any case, Calcidius does not specify the location of K with respect to the epicycle. The main purpose of the epicycle is not to show the order of planets but to show the limited movement of Venus with respect to the Sun, and the account does this. The epicycle ΔEZH is drawn into the preexisting diagram for the simple phenomenal description so that the epicycle fits between the zodiacal circle ABΓ and its center X and is tangent to the two preset radii XA and XΓ, which pass to points 50° to either side of the zodiacal point B.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-12-1
title: Diagram MAPD0012

description: Length of Seasons: The description in the text and the diagrams in the manuscripts coincide well. The purpose of the diagram is solely to show that the four equal quadrants of the zodiac contain four unequal lengths of the year and what those lengths are. Initially the circle of the twelve signs is laid out, usually within a circular band, sometimes on the outside of a single circle. The four cardinal points ABΓΔ are set anti-clockwise at 90-degree intervals, beginning with A at Aries 0° and at 12 o'clock. Two perpendicular diameters connect the pairs of points AΓ and BΔ. The letter Θ appears at the centerpoint, where the diameters intersect.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-4-1
title: Diagram MAPD0004

description: Bounded Elongation of Venus Desciptive: The manuscript diagrams for this text and for that following it, the epicyclic explanation of Venus's elongation, are among the most corrupted in all of the Calcidian corpus. The positions of X and K vary extensively, and there are usually two concentric circles within the zodiacal circle, neither of which is called for by the text. However, most scribes either chose not to correct these variants in their exemplars or else did not recognize any error in such variant diagrams. From the eleventh century onward, some scholars did recognize and correct them. The text calls for a severely descriptive, not explanatory, image. The zodiacal circle, a central earth at X, a radius passing through the Sun's center K to the point B, and two radii to two zodiacal points A and Γ, located respectively 50° to the east and to the west of B, are sufficient to complete the diagram. With the Sun always seen along XKB, the planet Venus never appears farther away from it than the two limiting radii XA and XΓ at angles of 50° from XKB.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-5-1
title: Diagram MAPD0005

description: Bounded Elongation of Venus Epicyclic: The manuscript diagrams for this text are often confusing, and it is less easy to categorize them than the diagrams for the previous text, which gives the observational account of Venus's elongation. As the text says, the epicyclic explanation builds upon the immediately preceding text that describes the visible elongation. However, with the positions of X and K already misplaced in most of the diagrams for the prior text, any attempt to add an epicyclic circle for Venus would usually result in further error. Nonetheless, certain scholars of the eleventh century did reconstruct the diagrams correctly from the text. The epicyclical account of Venus's elongation prescribes a circle cutting the zodiacal radius XKB. This radius passes from the earth through the Sun at K, but the distance from X to K is nowhere stated. While it would seem proper to make this radius bisect the epicyclic circle, the location of K is possible at the center of the epicycle, below this center, or completely outside and below the epicycle. The last option would fit Plato's planetary order, which has Venus farther than the Sun from the earth. In any case, Calcidius does not specify the location of K with respect to the epicycle. The main purpose of the epicycle is not to show the order of planets but to show the limited movement of Venus with respect to the Sun, and the account does this. The epicycle ΔEZH is drawn into the preexisting diagram for the simple phenomenal description so that the epicycle fits between the zodiacal circle ABΓ and its center X and is tangent to the two preset radii XA and XΓ, which pass to points 50° to either side of the zodiacal point B.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-6-1
title: Diagram MAPD0006

description: Length of Seasons: The description in the text and the diagrams in the manuscripts coincide well. The purpose of the diagram is solely to show that the four equal quadrants of the zodiac contain four unequal lengths of the year and what those lengths are. Initially the circle of the twelve signs is laid out, usually within a circular band, sometimes on the outside of a single circle. The four cardinal points ABΓΔ are set anti-clockwise at 90-degree intervals, beginning with A at Aries 0° and at 12 o'clock. Two perpendicular diameters connect the pairs of points AΓ and BΔ. The letter Θ appears at the centerpoint, where the diameters intersect.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-8-1
title: Diagram MAPD0008

description: Solar Epicycle: An epicycle is a circle whose center is fixed on and revolves around the periphery of another circle at a uniform speed. The epicycle itself will rotate at its own uniform speed. Manuscript diagrams for this topic are recognizably related to each other, but the details of the epicyclic circles vary and suggest some difficulty in the understanding by early medieval scholars of these combinations of circular motions. Calcidius states that the motions of the circles are uniform, although his description omits some potentially useful elements, such as the division of the epicycle into four equal quadrants; he does this explicitly only for the deferent circle. His definition of an epicycle is extremely general. The geometrical framework is simple. The same zodiacal circle ABΓΔ, ordered anti-clockwise, as used in the explanation by an eccentric circle appears again here. The earth is at the center Θ. Concentric with the zodiacal circle is the deferent circle MONΞ (anti-clockwise). The epicyclic circle has its center initially at M. The periphery of the epicycle is labelled anti-clockwise EZHK. The rotation of each of these three circles is specified. ABΓΔ rotates daily in a clockwise direction. MONΞ rotates with the planetary orbital speed --- once a year in the case of the Sun --- anti-clockwise. The epicycle EZHK rotates at a speed specific to the planet, in this case, for the Sun, once a year clockwise.With the motion of the epicycle's center on the deferent from M to O, the epicyclic circle is oriented so that E remains outermost and towards the zodiacal point B. The Sun, located on the epicycle initially at E, rotates 90° to the point K, which is the uppermost point on the epicycle when its center is at O. This combination of motions continues from quadrant to quadrant through the year, at the end of which the solar epicycle will return to M and the Sun on the periphery of the epicycle will return to point E. But as the annual motion of the Sun occurs, the appearance from the earth, at the center of the deferent and zodiacal circles, is that the Sun moves faster from K to H and H to Z than it moves from E to K and Z to E. This appearance of varying speed can be understood by noticing that from E to K and from Z to E the Sun seems to move slower than the center of the solar epicycle from M to O and from Ξ to M; conversely from K to H and from H to Z the Sun seems to move faster than the center of the epicycle from nO to N and from N to Ξ. And the Sun at H is closest to the earth and at E is farthest from the earth during the annual motion. All this is as seen from the earth, and the motions of the circles remain uniform.
description: Medieval Diagrams