cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.494
title: Bubbles, stock returns and duration dependence :|ba case of Thailand

description: The objective of this thesis is to investigate the presence of bubbles in Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) by focusing on abnormal continuously compounded real monthly returns for value-weighted portfolios of all stocks from April 1985 to February 2000 excluding the stock market crash period during July 1997 to December 1998. Rational speculaive bubbles allow stock prices to deviate from their fundamental value without assuming irrational investors. Although investors realize that prices exceed fundamental values, they believe there is a good probability that the bubble will continue to expand and yield a high return. A typical characteristic of bubbles is a long run-up in price and followed by a crash. To study the presence of bubble in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), the empirical study is constructed by employing the model called "Duration Dependence" which proposed by Grant McQueen and Steven Thorly (1994). Duration dependence test is derived from the rational speculative bubble model stating that the presence of bubbles implies positive duration dependence in the run of abnormal returns. Specifically, the probability of observing an end to a run of abnormal returns declines with the length of the run. According to the methodology, abnormal returns are divided into positive and negative ones. Then, the test of duration dependence is employed to investigate the bubbles for the runs of both positive and negative abnormal returns separately. Contrary to the general belief, the study does not support the bubble argument in Thailand stock market during the period of study. In particular, the duration dependence model cannot detect the existence of bubble in the market. Therefore, it can be concluded that even at the bull market one from 1985 to 1997, there is no sign of bubble at least from the result of this study.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.495
title: Trade unions and the workers' collective action in Thailand : an articulation of social movement unionism and economic unionism, 1972-2002

description: This Dissertation inestigates the changes in the characteristics of the trade union movement in Thailand from 1972 to 2002. The study examines the determinants that shaped and influenced the different characteristics of the trade unions at different periods of time. Social movement unionism and economic unionism are the two models identified as polar opposites in the analysis of trade unions' characteristics. The concepts of social movement unionism and economic unionism are derived from the economic, the Marxist and the new social movement theories. These two models of unionism have been confined to the trade union movement from 1972-2002, but to a different degree in the certain period. The analyses are chronologically divided into three phases, according to the significant changes in the characteristics of the trade union movement. The social movement unionism was developed as the dominant form of the trade union movement from October, 1973, to October, 1976, with the integration of three components: defense of the common interests of the working class, class collective action, and participation in the movements for broad social objectives. The economic unionism developed to replace the social movement unionism in the post-1976 period, when trade unions turned to emphasize only the defense of the workers' common interests and distanced themselves from the movements for broad social objectives. In the post-1990 period, the growth of the economic unionism was interrupted by the sudden change in the political situation. However, the dominant characteristic of the trade unions remained the economic unionism, but it developed with some new features that were different from the economic unionism in the previous decade. With the focus on the collective demands of trade unions and the organisation of collective action, the study explains the changes of characteristics of the trade union movement as the consequences of the interaction between the trade union actors and the external factors surrounding the trade unions. These factors include the economic conditions, the political situation, and the development of the other social movements.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.496
title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Public and Public Private Mix Dots Treatment Centers in Nepal :|b a case study of Kathmandu Metropolitan City

description: Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems in Nepal. About 45% of the population is infected with TB, out of which 60% are in economically active age group. A substantial number of TB cases (about 40-50%) are being treated by private sector. To manage this bulk of active TB patients properly, PPM-DOTS service seems to be more important. Since 1997, Nepal has been practicing public-private mix concept in tuberculosis control, basically after implementation of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) stategy. This cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out in Kathmandu Metropolitan City form provider perspective. Two public and two public-private mix DOTS centers were selected for the study purpose. The evaluation period was first eight months of F/Y 2000/01.Data on providers' costs were collected from DOTS centers. Drug cost/laboratory reagent cost/equipment cost were obtained from National Tuberculosis Center. Treatment outcomes were collected from DOTS centers. The average cost per effectiveness in public DOTS centers was about US$ 110.6, while that was US$ 47.4 in PPM-DOTS centers. The results also show that capital cost of each DOTS center did not exceed more than 9.7% of total provider cost. But labor costs varied from 17-49%. In public DOTS centers the range of labor cost was 30-48%, while in PPM-DOTS centers it was 17-24% of total provider cost. The observed treatment outcome in PPM-DOTS centers seems to be effective. It was either approaching or better than the standard set by WHO/NTC, while that of public DOTS centers was far below from the target. In conclusion, PPM DOTS centers seem to be more cost-effective than public DOTS centers. In urban area, PPM-DOTS centers could help reduce tuberculosis related morbidity and mortality and hence to achieve National Tuberculosis Center's (NTC) objective. NTC could increase the efficiency of its activities with private providers. Thus, this study could suggest the wider implementation of PPM-DOTS service for tuberculosis in urban area of Nepal.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.497
title: Cost Implications of Compliance with Treatment Guideline for Children with Acute Upper Respiratory Infection : a case study of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

description: This thesis aims at assessing treatment variations between actual practice and recommendations of the guideline for the management of Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (AURI) in children below 15 years of age; it also attempts to estimate the associated cost of non compliance with the guideline. The study uses King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital as a case study. Two hundred medical records and accompanying prescriptions were collected prospectively in four weeks period. Review of these records was done against the guideline. Results revealed that prescribing practice of doctors in general pediatric outpatient department of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital differs from guideline recommendations in 37.5% of the cases reveiwed and the difference was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05), overall 46% of cases received antibiotics, 9% of cases had history of prior antibiotic medication, 86% of cases were found to be compatible with non bacterial AURI according to the guideline of which 39.5% did not comply with the guideline. The study estimated that there would have been a saving of 31.23 baht per case if prescribing doctors would have followed the guidline and unnecessary cost imposed on treatment of children with AURI avoided.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.498
title: Cost Comparative Study of Equine and Human Rabies Immunoglobulin in Thailand

description: Thailand is the endemic area of rabies. One modality to be offered for preventing rabies in post-exposure patients is to prophylaxis with rabies immunoglobulin. There are two kinds of rabies immunoglobulin which are HRIG (obtained from human) and ERIG (obtained from horse). The standard regimen prefers to use HRIG because of the possibly occurrence of serious complication of ERIG. However, the provision of HRIG is still the problem according to the limitation of donors. The objectives of this study are to analyze the cost per unit and compare those costs per unit of equine rabies immunoglobulin and Human rabies immunoglobulin which expected to obtain the information as the basis criterion to suggest whether what Kind of rabies immunoglobulin Thailand should produce. The result of this study is based on secondary data from Thai Red Cross Society and Ministry of Public Health. At the initial stage, it explored the direct cost-cost of production of both products. Then, it looked into the indirect cost which includes mortality cost, morbidity cost and cost of the complication. Two categories of costs are combined to get the total cost. The unit cost of each product is retrieved form the total cost divided by volume of production. Final results of this study showed that the cost per unit of HRIG is nearly three hundreds times higher than that of ERIG. This high unit cost was arisen from indirect of HRIG, especially cost of life loss or mortality cost when we use strictly only HRIG, and the limited volume of production. This study suggests that Thailand should produce more of ERIG at this present itme.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.499
title: Cost analysis of two community hospitals in Buri Ram under Thailand's universal coverage system

description: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study (study on the first quarter of fiscal year 2002), which includes four objectives. The first objective is to calculate the unit costs of two CHs by using step down method. The second is to analyze cost-recovery of universal coverage scheme. The third objective is to calculate the appropriate reimbursement rates for two CHs. The last objective is to find out the appropriate number of population who are registered for UC at 1,052 Baht Universal Coverage Reimbursement Rate. The results of this study indicate that not only average cost or unit cost of OP services (ACO) of Lampraimach CH (ninety-bed CH) is higher than that of Krasung CH (thirty-bed CH) but also average cost or unit cost of IP services (ACI) of Lampraimach CH is higher than that of Krasung CH. The ACO and ACI of Lampraimach is equal to 280.79 Baht per visit and 1,213.00 Baht per day or 3,813.65 Baht per case and Krasung CH 137.87 Baht per visit, 769.99 Baht per day or 3,276 Baht per case. However, these two CHs have higher TR than TC. The ratio of TR: TC is 1.36 for Lampraimach CH, and 2.75 for Krasung CH. Besides, the ARR of Krasung CH should equal 884 Baht per person per year and the ARR of Lampraimach CH should equal 982 Baht per person per year (at TR=TC or profit = 0). At 1,052 UCR, Krasung CH should cover 29,428 people registered with UC and Lampraimach CH 81,630 in order to make TR equal to TC or profit equal to zero.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.500
title: Trade as a factor of productivity growth in Thailand's agricultural sector

description: The agricultural sector has historically played a key role in Thailand's economy. In the 1980s the rapid growth of industry shifted focus away from agriculture. However, the agricultural sector continues to be important to Thailand's economy This thesis investigates the link between trade and the agricultural sector's productivity growth. It suggests that promoting technology growth is essential for the agricultural sector to remain competitive, and for it to continue having a positive effect on the Thai economy.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.501
title: Cost analysis of social security in-patients at Nakornthon Hospital

description: This study intends to study the cost, revenue, unit cost of patients service center and top 5 illness of SSS in-patients at Nakornthon Hospital in 2000. This is a description retrospective study cost analysis of social securityin-patients at Nakornthon hospital. All departments in the hospital are divided into 33 cost centers which are classified into 4 categories as Non-Revenue Producing Cost Center (NRPCC), Revenue Producing Cost Center (RPCC), Patient Service (PS) and Non-Patient Service Area (NPS). Total direct cost is calculated from labor cost, material cost, and capital cost by each cost center. Total direct cost of Nakornthon Hakornthon Hospital was 220,552,518.11 baht. The proportion of labor cost, material cost and capital cost was 42:34:24 The simultaneous equation method and step down method were applied to allocate all costs to unit cost. For step down method, unit cost of Out-Patient Department, Dental, Emergency Department, Inpatient Department (ward 5,6,7) and Intensive Care Unit were 773, 1260, 863, 3322, 2380, 5000 and 11114 baht per visit and per day for in-patient. For simultaneous method, unit cost of Out-Patient Department, Dental, Emergency Department and In-Patient Department (ward 5,6,7) were 771, 1222, 875, 3325, 2411, 4980 and 11265 baht per visit and per day for in-patient. The top 5 illness of SSS inpatients in 2000 were diarrhea, acute appendicitis, acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis, acute tonsillitis and pneumonitis due to solids and loquids. Unit cost of the illness by step down method were 4860, 3630, 3693, 4859 and 4790 baht consecutively. And by simultaneous method were 4877, 3639, 3698, 4871 and 4809 consecutively. Only a little different result from these 2 methods. Cost recovery for SSS was (.53). In conclusion the study suggests that the health staff should increase the efficiency of drug use and health serice information. Staff should be motivated to improved performance in utilization review activities, in order to decrease the cost of activities. In the future if the hospital can use full capable of facilities, unit cost might be lower than the situation in 2000.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2002.574
title: Unit cost analysis of general hospital in Thailand : a case of Pranangklao Hospital
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2002.575
title: The impact of foreign entry on the Thai domestic Banking sector
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2002.576
title: Cost-Effectiveness of Hospitals Under the new Deal VS Conventional System in Cambodia

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the public hospital under the New Deal System (Sotnikum Hospital) and under the conventional system (Kralanh Hospital) in Cambodia. The total costs of both hospitals in year 2002 were estimated from providers' perspective. The effectiveness was measured in terms of the number of inpatients and outpatients, and the proportion of health care provision comparing to target population in each catchment area. Thirty-two inpatients and twenty-seven outpatients were also selected to assess the patients' satisfaction before and after the implementation of the New Deal system. The hospital costs were obtained from calculating capital costs including depreciation, and recurrent costs from the hospital records and the financial reports. The total costs of health cre provision of Sotnikum Hospital and Kralanh hospital were derived from adding the three cost components i.e. capital costs, labor costs, and material costs together. The finding indicated that the hospital under the New Deal system had more cost-effectiveness than the hospital under the conventional system from the aspect of the number of inpatients i.e. US$ 89.4 vs 154.0 per discharged patient, and US$ 9.2 vs 14.7 per patient day. With regard to the coverage rate of inpatient per 1,000 target population, the hospital under the New Deal system had less cost-effectiveness than the hospital under the conventional system i.e. US$ 19.209 vs 14,921 per coverage rate of discharged patients and US$ 1,931 vs 1,477 per coverage rate of patient days. For the number and the coverage rate of outpatients, the hospital under the New Deal system had less cost-effectiveness than the hospital under the conventional system i.e. US$ 5.7 vs 3.3 per new OPD case, US$ 4.6 vs 2.6 per OPD visit, US$ 1,237 vs 325 per coverage rate of new OPD case, and US$946 vs 263 per coverage rate of OPD visit. This was probable because the increase in the number of patients was still not high enough. Thus, the hospital under the new Deal system should emphasize more on measures to attract more patients. With respect to the satisfaction for the health care provision, patients were more satisfied with the New Deal system than the conventional system.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2002.577
title: Allocative Equity of Health Budget Across Regions in Ghana, 1997-2001

description: The purpose of this study is to describe the trend of resources (budget) flow into the health sector, and evaluate allocative equity of health budget across regions in Ghana form 1997 to 2001. Equity is defined as allocating health care budget according to need. It implies a commitment to ensure high standard of real access and quality in health services for all. Population was adjested on the main allocation measures (U5MR, access - poverty and distance) to determine a region's health needs. Expected regional budget were calculated from the weighted population and were used to compare with the actual budget allocated to a region at a particular fiscal year to evaluate equity. Health budget increased in the first three years of the programme and declined in the last two years. More budget were allocated to regions than other MoH agencies. The results of the analysis also revealed evidence of inequalities in allocation of health budget across regons form 1997 to 2001. Affluent regions got more budget than their expected need. Poverty based allocation gave the best Gini coefficients but, higher than the equity gold standard of zero coefficient. Poverty seems to have been used by health authorities to achieve equity. Comparatively U5MR seems to have had little consideration in budget allocation. Distance produced the worse Gini coefficients implying that it was less considered in budget allocation. The progamme's initial allocation method of equal emphasis among U5MR, distance and poverty was not adhered to inbudget allocation, and therefore did not lead to equity as planned.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2002.578
title: Determinants of Total Health and Totel Long-Term Care Enpenditures for Elderly in Japan

description: Since the end of the World War II, the Japanese health care system has been achieving higher standards for health and medical care. However, since the middle of 1970s, Total Health Expenditure in Japan has been increasing annually due to the rapid aging of Japanese society. This study intends to identify the determinants of total health expenditure for elderly and total long-term care expenditure in Japan in 2000 for cost containment and the provision of the appropriate mix of health care and long-term care services. The methodology carried out in this study was the multiple regression anlysis using Total Health Expenditure for Elderly, inpatient care expenditure, outpatient care expenditure, Total Long-term Care expenditure, expenditure for care at nursing facilities and at homes as dependent variables. The data used as independent variables in this model were filteen variables related to health services availability, nursing facility availability, home care availability and area characteristics. The OLS was conducted with using all prefectures' data, and also data were classified into two groups: the higher life expectancy prefectures, and the lower life expectancy prefectures. The results of the multiple regression analysis using all prefecture data indicated that the number of general beds and sanatorium type beds positively influenced the Total Health Expenditure for Elderly. The number of sanatorium type beds Special Nursing Homes, Health Service Facilities for the Aged, and clinics positively influenced the Total Long-term Care Expenditure. From the result of the two-grouped data, the higher group had the tendency to be selected the same variables as the model with all prefectures. However, the shorter life expectancy group had tendency to different from the results of all prefecture data. Some variables showed the different sign between the model for the higher group and lower group. This implies that when controlling Total Health Expenditure for Elderly and Total Long-term Care Expenditure, the policies tailored to each prefecture are needed. The possible measures to control these expenditures and to reduce the gap of expenditures amongst prefectures would be: control of the supplier of the services, delegation to the insurers, improve of the payment system.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2002.579
title: Cost Benefit Analysis of Screenig Hepatitis C in Blood Donors

description: The hepatitis C virus infection is a worldwide public health problem. The virus can be transmitted by contaminated blood, blood products. The virus causes chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. No vaccine is currently available to prevent hepatitis C. The infection can be prevented by screening the donors, and universal precaution. nasocromial infection. Objective To analyse cost and benefit component for screening HCV in blood donors by using ELESA test at Thai Red Cross, National Blood Center. Design: A descriptive-quantitative study. Method: Data was collected from Thai Red Cross, National Blood Center and the medical cost for treatement of the patients admitted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, were analyzed. The physician order in the medical records at King Chulalongkorn Hospital, for patients admitted for receiving the treatment for hepatitis C during the year 1998-2000 has been reviewed. Result: It was found that the benefit of screening process is much higher than its cost. The conventional treatment cost for HCV for all stages was 227,168 Conclusion The benefit cost ratio of hepatitis C virus screening process was 22.60. Treendous amount of benefit for cost will occur in the future due to the treatment of avoided cases.