cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p5c14
title: Data from: Ontogenetic changes in insect herbivory in birch (Betula pubesecens): the importance of plant apparency

description: 1. Several theories aim at predicting changes in the interactions between
 plants and herbivores over the lifetime of a plant. Hypotheses based on
 ontogenetic changes in resource allocation to plant defence and in plant
 apparency lead to partly opposing predictions regarding the differences in
 levels of herbivory between juvenile and mature plant individuals. 2. We
 tested these predictions by measuring background foliar losses to insects
 in saplings and mature trees of downy birch (Betula pubescens) in ten
 sites along a latitudinal gradient from 60 to 69ºN in boreal forests of
 Northern Europe. 3. The percentage of consumed leaf area increased, and
 the variation in the levels of herbivory among plant individuals
 decreased, for tree sizes ranging from small saplings (2−12 cm tall) to
 large saplings (13−80 cm tall) and then to mature trees (3−18 m tall). 4.
 Small saplings had higher foliar quality for insects, as indicated by
 better performance of leafmining larvae of Eriocrania semipurpurella and
 by greater specific leaf area, compared with large saplings and mature
 trees. The average percentage of leaf area consumed from a damaged leaf,
 which reflects the inducibility of local defence responses to insect
 damage, did not vary among the birch size classes. 5. The foliar losses to
 insects decreased nearly fivefold with an increase in latitude from 60 to
 69ºN, and the relative differences in these losses among the birch size
 classes were independent of latitude. 6. Our findings fit well with the
 predictions based on a plant apparency hypothesis, but do not support
 predictions based on ontogenetic changes in resource allocation to plant
 antiherbivore defences. We conclude that the generally overlooked effects
 of apparency on plant damage by insects can explain, at least in some
 cases, the frequently observed lack of correspondence between the levels
 of plant defences and herbivory.
description: FE_Zverev-etal_DATADamage of birch leaves by herbivorous insects.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tt8v6
title: Data from: Invasive plants accelerate nitrogen cycling: evidence from experimental woody monocultures

description: 1. Although it is widely believed that non-native invasive species
 threaten the functional integrity of forest ecosystems, their impact on
 important ecosystem processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling is not well
 understood. 2. To examine how invasive species alter ecosystem N dynamics,
 we established monocultures of five phylogenetic pairs of native and
 non-native invasive understory woody species common to Eastern U.S.
 forests. 3. After three years, we found invaders increased N cycling by
 enhancing the flow of N to the soil through greater litter N production
 and litter N content, and increased the uptake of available soil N, via
 greater fine root production and specific root length. 4. Synthesis – Our
 results highlight the importance of linking above- and below-ground
 processes to better understand invader impacts on ecosystem nutrient
 processes. The rapid shifts in soil N processes as a result of invader
 dominance observed in our study suggest that invaders may be an important
 driver of forest ecosystem functioning.
description: Data used for
 hierarchical Bayesian modelThe data file includes
 measurements from monocultures and species-level trait data from the
 previous studies by the authors. Data description is included in the
 file.data_Jo.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hd31m
title: Data from: Phylogeography of the reed frog Hyperolius castaneus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from the Albertine Rift of Central Africa: implications for taxonomy, biogeography and conservation

description: We examine the systematics of multiple populations of the Albertine Rift
 endemic amphibian Hyperolius castaneus, which currently incorporates four
 subspecies. Standard morphometric data were analyzed with principal
 components analyses and analyses of covariance. Phylogenetic analyses of
 two mitochondrial (16S, cyt b) and one nuclear (RAG1) genes were analyzed
 from 41 samples representing three subspecies. Results indicated some
 significant morphometric differences between the nominate subspecies H. c.
 castaneus and the Itombwe Plateau subspecies H. c. constellatus, and
 phylogenetic analyses of molecular data recovered these taxa as
 reciprocally monophyletic groups. We recognize these two allopatric
 populations as recently diverged, but distinct species, H. castaneus and
 H. constellatus. The subspecies H. c. submarginatus from the Kabobo
 Plateau is transferred to the synonymy of H. constellatus, but the status
 of the unsampled subspecies H. c. rhodogaster, described from
 mid-elevations of the western Itombwe Plateau, remains problematic. The
 phylogeographic pattern of our study resembles some, but not all,
 Albertine Rift vertebrates that have been examined with molecular data.
 Hyperolius constellatus is restricted to the Itombwe and Kabobo plateaus,
 which are of special conservation concern because of high levels of
 amphibian diversity and endemism, and multiple threats from deforestation,
 mining activities and road construction.
description: Castaneus_Morphometric_DataMicrosoft Excel file with individual measurements of all specimens used in the publication. For abbreviations, see text of the paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q4f2640
title: Data from: Moral licensing, instrumental apology and insincerity aversion: taking Immanuel Kant to the lab

description: Moral licensing, equivalently called “self-licensing”, is the instrumental
 use of a Good Act to cover up a Bad Act. This paper’s thesis is that
 “instrumental apology” i.e., bad-faith apology, is a case of moral
 licensing. A decision maker may issue an apology (Good Act) after
 committing a Bad Act, but if the decision maker uses the apology
 instrumentally, he or she is using the apology to justify the Bad Act.
 Hence, the apology is insincere. Sincerity is the fine line between a
 good-faith apology or, more generally, a Good Act, on one hand, and an
 instrumental apology or, more generally, moral licensing, on the other. In
 this light, moral licensing should be separated from genuine apology that
 attains moral equilibrium, which is called in the literature moral
 “self-regulation’ and “conscience accounting.” According to Kantian
 ethics, not just the consequences of an act matter, but also the sincerity
 with which the act was conducted. This pits Kant against the utilitarian
 view, which downplays intentions and focuses on consequences. We take Kant
 to the lab. Participants play a modified ultimatum game, where proposers
 in some treatments have the option of issuing apology messages and
 responders have both costly and costless options for rewarding or
 punishing proposers. We introduce different treatments of the apology
 message to allow responders to form doubts about the sincerity of the
 apology messages. Our results support the Kantian position: responders,
 once they become suspicious of the sincerity of the proposers’ apology,
 exhibit “insincerity aversion” and punish proposers.
description: Data--Moral
 Licensing--UG experimentThe single file
 generated by the experimentData--Moral Licensing--UG
 exp.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7pk05
title: Data from: The survival-reproduction association becomes stronger when conditions are good

description: Positive covariations between survival and reproductive performance (S-R
 covariation) are generally interpreted in the context of fixed or dynamic
 demographic heterogeneity (i.e., persistent differences between
 individuals, or dynamic variation in resource acquisition), but the
 processes underlying covariations are still unknown. We used multi-event
 modelling to investigate how environmental and individual features
 influence S-R covariation patterns in a long-lived seabird, the Monteiro’s
 storm-petrel (Oceanodroma monteiroi). Our analysis reveals that a strong
 positive association between individual breeding success and subsequent
 survival occurs only when conditions are favourable to reproduction (in
 favourable years, in high quality nests and in nest-faithful breeders).
 This finding reflects differences in the main causes of breeding failure
 and mortality under favourable and unfavourable conditions, which in turn
 lead to distinct patterns of S-R covariation. We suggest, in particular,
 that resource-related sources of demographic heterogeneity do not generate
 a strong S-R covariation, in contrast to hidden and unpredictable sources
 of variation.
description: Individual
 historiesdata.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5dk4p
title: Data from: Predator mimicry, not conspicuousness, explains the efficacy of butterfly eyespots

description: Large conspicuous eyespots on butterfly wings have been shown to deter
 predators. This has been traditionally explained by mimicry of vertebrate
 eyes, but recently the classic eye-mimicry hypothesis has been challenged.
 It is proposed that the conspicuousness of the eyespot, not mimicry, is
 what causes aversion due to sensory biases, neophobia or sensory
 overloads. We conducted an experiment to directly test whether the
 eye-mimicry or the conspicuousness hypothesis better explain eyespot
 efficacy. We used great tits (Parus major) as model predator, and tested
 their reaction towards animated images on a computer display. Birds were
 tested against images of butterflies without eyespots, with
 natural-looking eyespots, and manipulated spots with the same contrast but
 reduced resemblance to an eye, as well as images of predators (owls) with
 and without eyes. We found that mimetic eyespots were as effective as true
 eyes of owls and more efficient in eliciting an aversive response than
 modified, less mimetic but equally contrasting eyespots. We conclude that
 the eye-mimicry hypothesis explains our results better than the
 conspicuousness hypothesis and is thus likely to be an important mechanism
 behind the evolution of butterfly eyespots.
description: Dataset_reactiondataset used to analyse great tits behavioural reaction to the displayed image. the reaction is split into binary outputs at the four nodes of the reaction treeDataset_escapewindowdataset used to analyse the escape window, ie the time lapsed between the first attack (which coincide with the image display) and the catching of the bait prey
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mt40bc2
title: Data from: Trans-species predictors of tree leaf mass

description: Tree leaf mass is a small, highly variable, but critical, component of
 forest ecosystems. Estimating leaf mass on standing trees with models is
 challenging because leaf mass varies both within and between tree species
 and at different locations and points in time. Typically, models for
 estimating tree leaf mass are species-specific, empirical models that
 predict intra-specific variation from stem diameter at breast height
 (DBH). Such models are highly limited in their application because there
 are many other factors beyond tree girth and species that cause leaf mass
 to vary and because such models provide no way to predict leaf mass for
 species for which data are not available. We conducted destructive
 sampling of 17 different species in Michigan, covering multiple life
 history traits and sizes, to investigate the potential for using a single,
 ‘trans-species’ model for predicting leaf mass for all the trees in our
 study. Our results show the most important predictors of tree leaf mass
 are DBH, five-year basal area increment, crown class, and competition
 index, none of which are species specific. Species-specific variation
 could be captured by leaf longevity and shade tolerance and wood specific
 gravity was a statistically significant, but marginally-important
 predictor. Together, these variables describing tree size, life-history
 traits, and competitive environment were able to allow us to develop a
 generalized leaf mass model applicable to a diverse set of species,
 without having to develop species-specific equations.
description: Dettmann_MacFarlane_2018Data from: Trans-species predictors of tree leaf mass, Dettmann, Garret, MacFarlane, Dave. Contains data on 188 trees sampled within Michigan of varying species of dry leaf mass and relevant variables including DBH, competition, live crown ratio, basal area increment, age, crown area, DLB, and specific gravity of the wood. If used please cite the original works.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.792gj
title: Data from: Mating success and body condition not related to foraging specializations in male fur seals

description: Individual specialization is widespread among wild populations. While its
 fitness consequences are central in predicting the ecological and
 evolutionary trajectories of populations, they remain poorly understood.
 Long-term individual foraging specializations occur in male Antarctic
 (Arctocephalus gazella) and Australian (A. pusillus doriferus) fur seals.
 Strong selective pressure is expected in these highly dimorphic and
 polygynous species, raising the question of the fitness payoffs associated
 with different foraging strategies. We investigated the relationship
 between individual isotopic niche (a proxy of foraging specialization),
 body size and condition, and an index of reproductive success (harem size)
 in territorial males. Individuals varied greatly in their skin and fur
 isotopic values reflecting a range of foraging strategies within the two
 populations. However, in both species, isotopic niche was not correlated
 to body size, condition or mating success (R2/ρ &lt; 0.06).
 Furthermore, no foraging niche was predominant in either species, which
 would have indicated a substantial long-term fitness benefit of a
 particular strategy via a higher survival rate. These results suggest that
 the fitness consequences of a foraging strategy depend not only on the
 quality of prey and feeding habitat but also on an individual's
 hunting efficiency and skills.
description: Kernaléguen et al. 2016
 DATAData from Mating success
 and body condition not related to foraging specialisations in male fur
 seals, L. Kernaléguen, Y. Cherel, C. Guinet and J. P. Y.
 Arnould
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rf4s0
title: Data from: Predicting translocation outcomes with personality for desert tortoises

description: As mitigation- and conservation-driven translocations of declining species
 escalate, establishing best practices for conservation practitioners is
 critical. A variety of factors, such as individual behaviour, may
 influence post-release behaviour and survival. Here, we explored the role
 of individual personality in predicting post-translocation survival and
 behaviour in juvenile desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). Using an
 experimental design with captive tortoises, we found that individual
 tortoises displayed clear personalities along bold-shy and investigative
 or exploratory continuums. Following release, personality correlated with
 burrow use and survival in the wild. Individuals with more exploratory
 personalities were encountered in burrows more often and experienced
 higher survival. Among the variables analysed, burrow use was also one of
 the strongest predictors of survival. Thus, we infer that exploratory
 tortoises were more likely to find and use refugia, which was beneficial
 to translocated tortoises. Dispersal after release was unrelated to
 personality, although males dispersed farther than females. Strikingly,
 females experienced a rate of mortality that was almost twice that of
 males, with no measured size differences between the sexes. We conclude
 that desert tortoise do have personalities which can influence survival
 following translocation, but which have limited implications for
 post-release dispersal.
description: Germano et al. Temp
 Trans Data For Publication 2017Data on post-release
 movement and survival of desert tortoise as a function of personality
 scores
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n4v8g
title: Data from: Migration and stress during reproduction govern telomere dynamics in a seabird

description: Changes in telomere length are believed to reflect changes in
 physiological state and life expectancy in animals. However, much remains
 unknown about the determinants of telomere dynamics in wild populations,
 and specifically the influence of conditions during highly mobile
 life-history stages, for example migration. We tested whether telomere
 dynamics were associated with migratory behaviour and/or with stress
 during reproduction in free-living seabirds. We induced short-term stress
 during reproduction in chick-rearing, black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa
 tridactyla), tracked winter migration with geolocators and measured
 telomere length before and after winter migration. We found that time
 spent at wintering grounds correlated with reduced telomere loss, while
 stress during reproduction accelerated telomere shortening. Our results
 suggest that different life-history stages interact to influence telomere
 length, and that migratory patterns may be important determinants of
 variation in an individual's telomere dynamics.
description: Positions of kittiwakes
 2011-2012Median monthly positions
 of free-ranging black-legged kittiwakes from Svalbard/Norway, obtained by
 geolocators from August 2011 to April 2012.positions_for
 Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7pd40
title: Data from: Larval settlement: the role of surface topography for sessile coral reef invertebrates

description: For sessile marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, habitat choice
 is directed by the larval phase. Defining which habitat-linked cues are
 implicated in sessile invertebrate larval settlement has largely
 concentrated on chemical cues which are thought to signal optimal habitat.
 There has been less effort establishing physical settlement cues,
 including the role of surface microtopography. This laboratory based study
 tested whether surface microtopography alone (without chemical cues) plays
 an important contributing role in the settlement of larvae of coral reef
 sessile invertebrates. We measured settlement to tiles, engineered with
 surface microtopography (holes) that closely matched the sizes (width) of
 larvae of a range of corals and sponges, in addition to surfaces with
 holes that were markedly larger than larvae. Larvae from two species of
 scleractinian corals (Acropora millepora and Ctenactis crassa) and three
 species of coral reef sponges (Luffariella variabilis, Carteriospongia
 foliascens and Ircinia sp.,) were used in experiments. L. variabilis, A.
 millepora and C. crassa showed markedly higher settlement to surface
 microtopography that closely matched their larval width. C. foliascens and
 Ircinia sp., showed no specificity to surface microtopography, settling
 just as often to microtopography as to flat surfaces. The findings of this
 study question the sole reliance on chemical based larval settlement cues,
 previously established for some coral and sponge species, and demonstrate
 that specific physical cues (surface complexity) can also play an
 important role in larval settlement of coral reef sessile invertebrates.
description: Whalanetal_Dryad_Plosone2014
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r1s5d
title: Data from: The role of the environment in the evolution of tolerance and resistance to a pathogen

description: Defense against parasites can be divided into resistance, which limits
 parasite burden, and tolerance, which reduces pathogenesis at a given
 parasite burden. Distinguishing between the two and understanding which
 defense is favored by evolution in different ecological settings are
 important, as they lead to fundamentally different evolutionary
 trajectories of host-parasite interactions. We let the mosquito Aedes
 aegypti evolve under different food levels and with either no parasite, a
 constant parasite, or a coevolving parasite (the microsporidian Vavraia
 culicis). We then tested tolerance and resistance of the evolved lines on
 a population level at the two food levels. Exposure to parasites during
 evolution increased resistance and tolerance, but there were no
 differences between the lines evolved with coevolving or constant
 parasites. Mosquitoes that had evolved with food restriction had higher
 resistance than those evolved with high food but similar tolerance. The
 mosquitoes that had restricted food when being tested had lower tolerance
 than those with normal food, but there was no difference in resistance.
 Our results emphasize the complexity and dependence on environmental
 conditions of the evolution and expression of resistance and tolerance and
 help to evaluate some of the predictions about the evolution of host
 defense against parasites.
description: Longevity and parasite
 load measurements of mosquitoes originating from different selection
 linesThe data file contains
 longevity and parasite load measurements of mosquitoes originating from
 different selection lines and tested on two food levels. The variables
 are: Individual, food level during evolution, parasite regime during
 evolution, tested food level, replicate, adult longevity and spore
 counts.finalAmNat.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4fp47
title: Data from: Separating sources of density-dependent and density-independent establishment limitation in invading species

description: Successful colonization by invasive species depends on both the ability to
 disperse seeds to a site and an ability to establish once seeds have
 arrived. While seed and establishment limitation are known to jointly
 influence colonization, decomposing establishment limitation into
 density-dependent and density-independent components has remained
 challenging. Here, we couple theoretical models of recruitment with a
 multispecies invasion experiment conducted within a natural gradient of
 soil moisture and productivity to assess how variation in establishment
 limitation shapes outcomes for invasion. Recruitment was affected by both
 density-dependent and density-independent sources of establishment
 limitation in three of four species. Soil moisture stress and productivity
 both increased density-independent mortality in one species, whereas
 density-dependent mortality increased in locations with favourable soil
 moisture. Synthesis. Successful establishment of invading species can be
 limited by both density-dependent and density-independent mechanisms. In
 particular, the strength of density-independent limitation may depend on
 natural gradients in abiotic factors. The varying strengths of
 establishment limitation suggest that patterns of invasion are likely to
 be uneven both in space and in time. Understanding how intraspecific
 competitive constraints and density-independent limitation vary with
 abiotic gradients can assist with predicting when invasions are likely to
 occur, information that can be harnessed in the development of better
 methods for control.
description: SFREC_recruitmentData were collected in a seed addition experiment conducted at the Sierra Foothills Research and Extension Center in central California, USA. Seeds were experimentally added to 1x1 m plots in October of 2012 (90 plots per species x 4 species). Seeds were from four species, including Elymus caput-medusae, Bromus hordeaceus, Centaurea solstitialis, and Carduus pycnocephalus. Variables are as follows: "seeds" = the combination of seeds added and estimated ambient seed rain, "recruits" = the number of stems counted, "soil.moisture" = % volumetric water content estimated using time-domain reflectometry, "biomass" = total live biomass (g), and block = block number (1-5).