DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gg464kh
title: Data from: Rapid adaptation to novel climate at the northern range edge of the invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: a moving target

description: 1. Rapid adaptation in response to novel environments can facilitate
 species invasions and range expansions. Understanding how invasive disease
 vectors rapidly evolve to novel conditions—particularly at the edge of its
 non-native range—has important implications for mitigating the prevalence
 and spread of disease. 2. Here, we evaluate the role of local adaptation
 in overwintering capability of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus.
 This species invaded the Southern US in the 1980s and rapidly spread
 northward into novel climate compared to its native range.
 Photoperiodically induced egg diapause is a key trait contributing to the
 establishment and spread of Ae. albopictus in temperate latitudes, and
 diapause incidence rapidly developed a cline along a latitudinal gradient
 in the US shortly after its initial invasion. However, variation in
 overwintering survival of diapause-induced eggs along this gradient is not
 known, but is critical to the fitness-related role of diapause evolution
 in the establishment and spread of Ae. albopictus in its northern US
 range. 3. Using reciprocal transplants, we detected local adaptation in
 overwinter survival of diapausing Aedes albopictus eggs. In northern
 range-edge winters, eggs produced by range-edge individuals survived
 better than those produced by range-core individuals. Diapause eggs from
 range-edge and range-core locations survived equally well in range-core
 winters, and no eggs survived a winter beyond the current northern range
 limit in the US. 4. Synthesis and applications. These results demonstrate
 rapid (~ 3 decades) local adaptation of egg diapause, a key trait
 facilitating overwinter survival and range expansion for the invasive
 Asian tiger mosquito. In light of these results, control efforts could
 shift from targeting satellite populations to a focus on preventing
 dispersal into locally adapted, range-edge locations and to aim removal
 efforts towards areas surrounding locally adapted populations. Adopting
 new approaches to target rapidly adapting populations will require
 large-scale collaboration among control agencies and research
 institutions, and should begin in the northern US range to better control
 Ae. albopictus mosquito populations in the face of rapid adaptation.
description: Overwinter survival of
 diapause eggs of Aedes albopictusSurvival of
 diapause-induced eggs of Aedes albopictus in 24 experimental
 location-treatment combinations. site: overwintering site; range: location
 of origin for experimental Ae. albopictus mosquitos (in the core or edge
 of the US range); winterlocale: overwinter location (GA=Georgia, USA;
 PA=Pennsylvania, USA; WI=Wisconsin, USA; control=environmental chamber;
 survival: percent of diapause-induced eggs that survived the experimental
 winter; latitude: latitude of origin of field-collection mosquitoes;
 total_survived: number of diapause-induced eggs that survived their
 experimental winter; total_died: number of diapause-induced eggs that died
 under experimental winter; total_eggs: total number of diapause-induced
 eggs subject to winter treamentsalbowinter.csv