cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4xgxd25dg
title: Average cover crop adoption rates in the U.S. Midwest in 2000-2010 and 2011-2021

description: Cover crops have critical significance for agroecosystem sustainability
 and have long been promoted in the U.S. Midwest. Knowledge of the
 variations of cover cropping and the impacts of government policies
 remains very limited. We developed an accurate and cost-effective approach
 utilizing multi-source satellite fusion data, environmental variables, and
 machine learning to quantify cover cropping in corn and soybean fields
 from 2000 to 2021 in the U.S. Midwest. We found that cover crop adoption
 in most counties has significantly increased in the recent 11 years from
 2011 to 2021. The adoption percentage of 2021 is 3.3 times that of 2011,
 which was highly correlated to the increased funding for federal and state
 conservation programs. However, the percentage of cover crop adoption is
 still low (7.2%).  The averaged county-level cover crop
 adoption rates in 2000-2010 and 2011-2021 are publicly available on Dryad.
description: We used the STAIR algorithm to fuse Landsat and MODIS to obtain
 daily 30-m NDVI time series from 2000 to 2021 for all the corn and soybean
 fields in the Midwest. Cover crop features were extracted by decomposing
 the STAIR NDVI time series into three components: potential cover crop
 growth features, soil baselines, and cash crop growth curves. The
 thresholds for cover crop features were modeled with the inputs of
 climatic variables, soil properties, and geographic locations. Finally, we
 compared the cover crop features and thresholds to determine cover crop
 fields.
description: We recommend that users consider metrics such as (1) the accuracy
 of CDL and CSDL and (2) the corn and soybean fraction to determine which
 states/counties' cover crop maps are of high quality.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5tn4
title: Data for: Insect homolog of oxytocin/vasopressin associated with parenting of males but not females in a subsocial beetle

description: Parental care is thought to evolve through modification of behavioral
 precursors, which predicts that the mechanistic changes occur in the genes
 underlying those traits. The duplicated gene system of
 oxytocin/vasopressin has been broadly co-opted across vertebrates to
 influence parenting, from a pre-duplication ancestral role in water
 balance. It remains unclear whether co-option of these genes for parenting
 is limited to vertebrates. Here, we experimentally tested for associations
 between inotocin gene expression and water balance, parental acceptance of
 offspring, and active parenting in the subsocial beetle Nicrophorus
 orbicollis, to test whether a single copy homologue, inotocin, has
 similarly been co-opted for parental care in a species with elaborate
 parenting. As expected, inotocin was associated with water balance in both
 sexes. Inotocin expression increased around sexual maturation in both
 males and females, although more clearly in males. Finally, we found that
 expression of inotocin was not associated with acceptance of larvae but
 was associated with a transition to male but not female parenting.
 Moreover, level of offspring provisioning behavior and gene expression
 were positively correlated in males but uncorrelated in females. Our
 results suggest a broad co-option of this system for parenting that may
 have existed prior to gene duplication, and that inotocin may be
 associated with flexibility in parenting behavior.
description: We conducted a large-scale experiment where we collected the
 heads of beetles of both sexes in social and non-social contexts to
 determine how gene expression
 of <em>inotocin</em> and <em>inotocin
 receptor</em> were associated with each context. This dataset
 contains data files that should allow replication of the analyses that
 link <em>inotocin</em> and <em>inotocin
 receptor</em> expression with different contexts associated with
 other homologs of the oxytocin/vasopressin system. The duplicated gene
 system of oxytocin/vasopressin has been broadly co-opted across
 vertebrates to influence parenting, from a pre-duplication ancestral role
 in water balance. The effects of oxytocin/vasopressin are often
 sex-specific, although oxytocin and vasopressin often “switch” which sex
 they act in across species, even for the same traits. Here, we
 experimentally tested for associations between
 <em>inotocin</em> gene expression and water balance, parental
 acceptance of offspring, and active parenting in the subsocial
 beetle <em>Nicrophorus orbicollis</em>, to test whether this
 single copy homolog of the oxytocin/vasopressin system, has similarly been
 co-opted for parental care in a species with elaborate parenting. Raw Ct
 values, - Delta Delta Ct, and relative expression values for gene
 expression data are provided in each context are provided.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhs1
title: Data for: Sigma-B responses of Bacillus subtilis exposed to different environmental stressors and containing different single RsbR proteins or hybrid fusions of RsbRs

description: Bacteria use a variety of systems to sense stress and mount an appropriate
 response to assure fitness and survival. Bacillus subtilis uses
 stressosomes—cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes—to sense environmental
 stressors and enact the general stress response by activating the
 alternative sigma factor σB. Each stressosome includes 40 RsbR proteins,
 representing four paralogous (RsbRA, RsbRB, RsbRC, and RsbRD) putative
 stress sensors. Population-level analyses suggested that the RsbR paralogs
 are largely redundant, while our prior work using microfluidics-coupled
 fluorescence microscopy uncovered differences among the RsbR paralogs’ σB
 response profiles with respect to timing and intensity when facing an
 identical stressor. We used microfluidics and fluorescence microscopy to
 address the question of whether the σB responses mediated by each paralog
 differ in the presence of different environmental stressors: can they
 distinguish among stressors? Wild-type cells (with all four paralogs) and
 RsbRA-only cells activate σB with characteristic transient response timing
 irrespective of stressor but show varying response magnitude. However,
 cells with other individual RsbR paralogs show distinct timing and
 magnitude in their responses to ethanol, salt, oxidative and acid stress,
 implying that RsbR proteins can distinguish among stressors. To show this
 distinct timing, we quantified time-lapse image series of cells with a
 fluorescent σB transcriptional reporter. Representative videos of
 time-lapse image series and the results of our quantitation for each RsbR
 paralog in each stress condition are included in this dataset. We also
 probed the relative importance of each half of each RsbR paralog.
 Experiments with hybrid fusion proteins comprising the N-terminal half of
 one paralog and the C-terminal half of another argued that the N-terminal
 identity influences response magnitude and that determinants in both
 halves of RsbRA are important for its stereotypical transient σB response
 timing. Time-lapse videos for each hybrid fusion protein and the
 corresponding quantification of these data are also included in the
 dataset.
description: Please see the README document and the accompanying published
 article: Hamm CW, Butler R, and Cabeen MT. 2022. <em>Bacillus
 subtilis</em> Stressosome Sensor Protein Sequences Govern the
 Ability to Distinguish among Environmental Stressors and Elicit Different
 σ<sup>B</sup> Response Profiles.
description: Please see the README document and
 the accompanying published article: Hamm CW, Butler R, and Cabeen MT.
 2022. <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> Stressosome Sensor Protein
 Sequences Govern the Ability to Distinguish among Environmental Stressors
 and Elicit Different σ<sup>B</sup> Response
 Profiles.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v5k
title: Dryland soil restoration meta-analysis data

description: This dataset was used to conduct a meta-analysis on soil restoration in
 global drylands. It includes data collected from published literature on
 experiments of soil-based restoration in dryland environments. Predictor
 variables included in this dataset are site aridity and percent soil sand,
 type of restoration treatment used, whether seeding or revegetating was
 done, and time since restoration. Response variables include the effect of
 soil restoration on aggregate stability, bulk density, volumetric water
 content, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, mycorrhizal colonization, and
 basal respiration. The calculated effect size on each of these variables
 is represented as the log response ratio. 
description: This dataset was collected by compiling published literature on
 dryland soil restoration, and then extracting data on variables of
 interest from these publications. It was created in Microsoft Excel, and
 then further analyzed in R. 
description: Microsoft Excel.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfm2
title: Data from: Evaluation of a community health worker home visit intervention to improve child development in South Africa: A cluster-randomized controlled trial

description: This dataset was collected as part of a cluster-randomized controlled
 trial that evaluated the impact of a home visit intervention on child
 development in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Household survey data were
 collected at baseline and endline. In a subsample of children, neural
 function was assessed at a lab at endline and at two interim time points.
 Primary outcomes were: height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and stunting; child
 development scores measured using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool
 (MDAT); absolute electroencephalography (EEG) gamma and total power;
 relative EEG gamma power; and saccadic reaction time (SRT)—an eye-tracking
 measure of visual processing speed.
description: Household survey data were collected from 1,095 caregiver-child
 dyads residing in 51 clusters at baseline (2017) and from 764 dyads
 remaining enrolled at endline (2021). At endline, child height was
 measured and child development was assessed using the Malawi Developmental
 Assessment Tool (MDAT). EEG and eye-tracking assessments were conducted
 among a subset of children at centrally located at endline and at two
 interim time points. In total, 316 dyads attended the first lab visit, 316
 dyads the second lab visit, and 284 dyads the third lab visit.
description: Data file is in CSV format and can be opened using most data
 analysis software packages.
DOI: 10.25349/d9zs52
title: Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles

description: California's network of marine protected areas was created to protect
 the diversity and abundance of native marine life, but the status of some
 taxa is very poorly known. Here we describe the sponges (phylum Porifera)
 from the Carmel Pinnacles State Marine Reserve, as assessed by a
 SCUBA-based survey in shallow waters. Of the 29 sponge species documented,
 12 (41%) of them were previously unknown. Using a combination of
 underwater photography, DNA sequencing, and morphological taxonomy, we
 greatly improve our understanding of the status and distribution of
 previously described species and formerly describe the new species as
 Hymedesmia promina, Phorbas nebulosus, Clathria
 unoriginalis, Clathria rumsena, Megaciella sanctuaria, Mycale
 lobos, Xestospongia ursa, Haliclona melissae, Halichondria loma,
 Hymeniacidon fusiformis, Scopalina
 carmela, and Obruta collector. An additional
 species, Lissodendoryx topsenti (de Laubenfels 1930), is
 moved to Hemimycale, and H.
 polyboletus is created as a nomen novum due to preoccupation by
 H. topsenti (Burton 1929). Several of the new species
 appear to be rare and/or have very restricted distributions, as they were
 not found at comparative survey sites outside of Carmel Bay. These results
 illustrate the potential of qualitative presence/absence systematic
 surveys of understudied taxa to discover and document substantial novel
 diversity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfm3
title: Resilience of a tropical montane pine forest to fire and severe droughts

description: 1. Higher temperatures, declining precipitation, changing cloud cover, and
 increased wildfires threaten tropical montane pine forests by overriding
 the environmental heterogeneity that typically buffers these systems from
 catastrophic fires. Severe fires threaten to overwhelm forest resilience
 and tip this biome into alternate vegetation states. 2. This study focused
 on long-term dynamics of montane Pinus occidentalis forests in the
 Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, after a ~1000 km2 fire in 2005,
 the largest since 1965. We used long-term records to investigate climate
 before and after the fire and a 19-year dataset of pre- and post-fire
 vegetation change from a network of 55 permanent plots (20 small 0.05 ha
 plots and 35 large 0.1 ha plots) established in 1999 to model overstorey
 and understorey vegetation dynamics. 3. The 2005 fire was synchronized
 with the most extreme drought in the region in over 60 years. The fire
 burned from &lt; 1600 to &gt; 3000 m a.s.l. in elevation across
 windward and leeward slopes, creating a mosaic of low-, moderate-, and
 high-severity patches. Lower elevations, leeward slopes, and stands with a
 higher proportion of smaller pine trees all burned at higher severities.
 4. Growth rates of trees that survived the fire remained lower than
 pre-fire rates 13 years after the fire. The highest mortality rates were
 soon after the fire and in the census immediately after the post-fire
 droughts. Post-fire pine seedling abundance was significantly greater in
 stands with higher basal area of live canopy trees and significantly
 reduced by increased shrub abundance in the understorey. Understorey
 composition recovered rapidly to pre-fire states in sites affected by low-
 and moderate-severity fires, but sites affected by high-severity fires
 remained dissimilar to pre-fire composition 13 years after the fire. Even
 though high-severity patches had persistently low pine regeneration, 100%
 of small plots and 96% of large plots had at least one pine sapling or
 canopy tree recruit by 2018. Shrub taxa survived the fire in higher
 numbers and recovered to pre-fire densities much faster than the pine,
 especially in high-severity burns. 5. Synthesis. Climate change has
 increased the likelihood of wildfires in tropical montane pine forests,
 with long-lasting effects on vegetation dynamics. However, this biome may
 prove resilient to increasingly severe fires in the near future, given the
 ongoing recovery of Pinus occidentalis forests in Hispaniola despite
 repeated severe droughts. Nevertheless, highly drought- and fire-resistant
 taxa (e.g. shrubs) may form alternate stable states in drier portions of
 tropical montane landscapes in the future as droughts and high-severity
 fires become more common.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6rk
title: Data from: T1R2-mediated sweet sensing in a lizard

description: Sugars are an important class of nutrients found in the flowers and fruits
 of angiosperms (flowering plants). Although T1R2-T1R3 has been identified
 as the mammalian sweet receptor, some birds rely on a repurposed T1R1-T1R3
 savory receptor to sense sugars. Moreover, as the radiation of flowering
 plants occurred later than the last common ancestor of amniotes, sugar may
 not have been an important diet item for amniotes early in evolution,
 raising the question of whether T1R2-T1R3 is a universal sugar sensor or
 only a mammalian innovation. Here, using brief-access behavioral tests and
 functional characterization of taste receptors, we demonstrate that the
 nectar-taking Madagascar giant day gecko (Phelsuma grandis) can sense
 sugars through the T1R2-T1R3 receptor. These results reveal the existence
 of T1R2-based sweet taste in a non-avian reptile, which has important
 implications for our understanding of the evolutionary history of sugar
 detection in amniotes.
DOI: 10.15131/shef.data.31157800
title: Raw data files from experimental work in "Quantifying the Hydraulic Conditions that Govern Discolouration Material Behaviour in Drinking Water Distribution Systems"

description: 8 raw data files containing time, pressure and turbidity data from the 8 independent trials incorporating 18 hydraulic profiles in a full sized and extensively monitored experimental pipe-loop at the University of Sheffield. Naming conventions used in spreadsheet and monitor locations are explained within the January 2026 publication in Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology "Quantifying the Hydraulic Conditions that Govern Discolouration Material Behaviour in Drinking Water Distribution Systems" by Reinar Lokk, Joby Boxall & Stewart Husband.
DOI: 10.15131/shef.data.31157800.v1
title: Raw data files from experimental work in "Quantifying the Hydraulic Conditions that Govern Discolouration Material Behaviour in Drinking Water Distribution Systems"

description: 8 raw data files containing time, pressure and turbidity data from the 8 independent trials incorporating 18 hydraulic profiles in a full sized and extensively monitored experimental pipe-loop at the University of Sheffield. Naming conventions used in spreadsheet and monitor locations are explained within the January 2026 publication in Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology "Quantifying the Hydraulic Conditions that Govern Discolouration Material Behaviour in Drinking Water Distribution Systems" by Reinar Lokk, Joby Boxall & Stewart Husband.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngrp
title: Data from: Niche width predicts extinction from climate change and vulnerability of tropical species

description: Climate change may be a major threat to global biodiversity, especially to
 tropical species. Yet, why tropical species are more vulnerable to climate
 change remains unclear. Tropical species are thought to have narrower
 physiological tolerances to temperature, and they have already experienced
 a higher estimated frequency of climate-related local extinctions. These
 two patterns suggest that tropical species are more vulnerable to climate
 change because they have narrower thermal niche widths. However, no
 studies have tested whether species with narrower climatic niche widths
 for temperature have experienced more local extinctions, and if these
 narrower niche widths can explain the higher frequency of tropical local
 extinctions. Here, we test these ideas using resurvey data from 538 plant
 and animal species from 10 studies. We found that mean niche widths among
 species and the extent of climate change (increase in maximum annual
 temperatures) together explained most variation (&gt;75%) in the
 frequency of local extinction among studies. Surprisingly, neither
 latitude nor occurrence in the tropics alone significantly predicted local
 extinction among studies, but latitude and niche widths were strongly
 inversely related. Niche width also significantly predicted local
 extinction among species, as well as among and (sometimes) within studies.
 Overall, niche width may offer a relatively simple and accessible
 predictor of the vulnerability of populations to climate change.
 Intriguingly, niche width has the best predictive power to explain
 extinction from global warming when it incorporates coldest yearly
 temperatures.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hf7
title: Training beyond borders: A WPA pilot project for child and adolescent mental health course in Pakistan

description: Purpose: The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) strives to close the gap
 between expertise in high-income countries (HICs) and low and
 middle-income countries (LMICs). WPA volunteering programme is a project
 framework wherein area-specific experts from HICs volunteer to support
 local experts in the LMICs in training their own professionals. This paper
 reports on the outcome of a collaborative project on Child and Adolescent
 Mental Health (CAMH) training in Pakistan. Materials and methods: Thirty
 participants from twenty-three different institutions across Pakistan were
 selected on the basis of their interest in CAMH. Two volunteers (ST and
 MH) met online with the Pakistani representatives (NI and QUH) to develop
 a programme. They also regularly met online between the sessions to
 evaluate adjustments in order to increase the appropriateness of the
 offered content according to participant feedback and suggestions.
 Results: The pre- and post-course evaluation revealed statistically
 significant improvement in knowledge and skills gained in different topics
 covered in the course (P-value&lt;0.001) as well as improvement in
 confidence in applying the theoretical understanding of CAMH problems in
 their daily clinical practice (P-value&lt;0.001) Conclusions: The WPA
 volunteering programme is a valuable strategy to deliver effective and
 much-needed training in low-resource settings. Long-distance learning via
 live online sessions is effective and worthwhile, especially when they
 provide opportunities for participants to learn from interactive sessions.
description: An online questionnaire
 (Google Forms) was developed in discussion with senior trainers in
 Pakistan and International volunteer team members. It was based on the
 intended outcome of the course and was used for pre and post-test course
 evaluation. The aspects covered in the quantitative part of
 the questionnaire included confidence about knowledge related to CAMH and
 its application, understanding child development, assessing children and
 adolescents, talking to families, diagnosis and formulation in CAP and
 prescribing psychotropic medications. The responses were scored on a
 Likert scale from 1 (no skill/ confidence at all) to 5 (Expert). Similar
 Likert scale was also used for feedback regarding individual sessions.
 Post-course evaluation also included questions related to level of comfort
 with the size of the group, the language used, the online medium and areas
 of further courses (Appendix 1).
 Feedback of each session was also collected from participants after each
 session. Participants gave informed consent for their responses to be used
 for course evaluation and confidentiality was ensured.
description: SPSS version 26
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8g4
title: Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change

description: Forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services (ES) to society. The
 boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates of warming on the planet
 and increasing demand for forest products. To foresee how to maximize the
 adaptation of boreal forests to future warmer conditions and growing
 demands of forest products, we need a better understanding of the relative
 importance of forest management and climate change on the supply of
 ecosystem services. Here, using Finland as a boreal forest case study, we
 assessed the potential supply of a wide range of ES (timber, bilberry,
 cowberry, mushrooms, carbon storage, scenic beauty, species habitat
 availability and deadwood) given seven management regimes and four climate
 change scenarios. We used the forest simulator SIMO to project forest
 dynamics for 100 years into the future (2016–2116) and estimate the
 potential supply of each service using published models. Then, we tested
 the relative importance of management and climate change as drivers of the
 future supply of these services using generalized linear mixed models. Our
 results show that the effects of management on the future supply of these
 ES were, on average, eleven times higher than the effects of climate
 change across all services but greatly differed among them (from 0.53 to
 24 times higher for timber and cowberry, respectively). Notably, the
 importance of these drivers substantially differed among biogeographical
 zones within the boreal biome. The effects of climate change were 1.6
 times higher in northern Finland than in southern Finland, whereas the
 effects of management were the opposite – they were three times higher in
 the south compared to the north. We conclude that new guidelines for
 adapting forests to global change should account for regional differences
 and the variation in the effects of climate change and management on
 different forest ES.