DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v9s4mw6w2
title: Questionnaire data, butterfly images and analysis code

description: This dataset contains the raw data of questionnaire named “Original data”
 under the file
 “Questionnaire_data__butterfly_wing_color_brightness_and_contrast.xlsx”,
 that is the responses of local Dai people to the twenty questions
 (Questions were indexed as the abbreviation of the categories from BK1 to
 AK5. See the second column on sheet“proportion”). Original data was used
 to do Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity in SPSS
 17.0, and Confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) in SPSS Amos Graphics (see
 supplementary materials in Yang et al, “Biased local ecological knowledge
 of butterfly diversity provided by the ethnic minority in Southwest
 China's biodiversity hotspot"). The file named
 “butterfly_images.rar” is the digital images of butterfly which were used
 to measure the wingspan, wing color brightness and contrast. These data
 were devoted to analyses the divergency between the butterflies recognised
 or not by local Dai people stored in the xlsx file named “Wing color
 brightness data”, “Wing color contrast data” and “Wing span data”. CSV
 Files named “Ak1 to HI2” are the response of local Dai people to the
 questionnaire. These files were used to do cumulative link mixed models
 (CLMM) to test whether gender and age affect response patterns of the
 individual questions. Relevant R code to CLMM was named as “CLMM. R”.
 There questionnaire data were also used to do chi_square test (see detail
 in supplementary materials in Yang et al, “Biased local ecological
 knowledge of butterfly diversity provided by the ethnic minority in
 Southwest China’s biodiversity hotspot”), relevant R code to chi-square
 was named as “Chi-square”. The data related to demographic difference and
 proportion of local respondents, the results of CLMM and Chi-square tests
 were also stored in the
 “Questionnaire_data__butterfly_wing_color_brightness_and_contrast.xlsx”.
 Main results: 1) over 70% of them generally agreed with the importance of
 butterfly conservation, but a large proportion of respondents did not
 agree that they know about ecological and cultural significance of
 butterfly conservation. 2) gender and age biases for the issues related to
 cultural significance of butterflies and the causes of butterfly declines.
 3) A total of 23 respondents said that they were “knowledgeable” about
 local butterflies and selected 45 and 15 species as “familiar” and
 “declining”, respectively. These species were, however, taxonomically
 (i.e., none of Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae species were selected) and
 morphologically biased (larger and more colorful butterfly species).
description: The questionnaire dataset are collect from local Dai respondents.
 These dataset were used to do cumulative link mixed models (CLMM) to test
 whether gender and age influenced response patterns of the individual
 questions. The butterflies images came from the
 specimens which are storing in forest canopy ecological group in
 Xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden. These data were used to test the
 butterfly knowledge of local Dai people, which were further analyses to
 see the morphological divergenct (T-test).
description: The questionnaire was devided five categories related to the
 conservation awareness and perception of the butterflies: basic knowledge
 about butterflies (BK), perspectives on changes in local butterfly
 diversity (BD), knowledge about human and environmental impacts on
 butterfly diversity (HI), knowledge about cultural significance of
 butterflies (CS), awareness and knowledge about butterfly conservation
 (AK). The respondents were asked to give a five-grade
 scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (unknown), 4
 (agree) and 5 (strongly agree) in the questionnaire. The ages of the
 respondents were grouped into youth (15-22 years old), younger-adult
 (23-45 years old) and older-adult (45-65 years old) and signed as 1 to 3
 in the dataset. Villages also signed as 1 to 5. There
 is a butterfly species <i>Neurosigma siva</i> with NA values
 among wingspan, wing color brightness and contrast dataset because that
 specimen was not measured as the specimen was not available in our
 collection.