DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j9kd51crt
title: Data from: Battle of the giants: Clonal expansion rates, effects on wetland plant communities, and competition between introduced <em>Phragmites australis australis</em> and native <em>Phragmites australis americanus</em>

description: The success of non-native species in novel environments has received
 worldwide attention, resulting in dozens of hypotheses trying to explain
 this demographic success. Unfortunately, most hypotheses are built on
 little empirical data, and evaluations often come to contradictory
 conclusions even when exploring the same mechanisms or species in
 different contexts. The focus on species as the unit of inquiry may impede
 progress because intraspecific diversity (including variation among
 populations) can be as profound and of a similar magnitude as
 interspecific variation. We explored how origin, residence time, and
 population may affect competitive ability, spread (i.e., invasiveness),
 and impact (on local plant communities) using non-native Phragmites
 australis australis and native Phragmites australis americanus in
 long-term experiments (8-12 years) in a common garden and at field sites
 in New York State, USA. Non-native P. australis australis spread faster
 and, despite inter-population variation, all populations were
 competitively superior to native P. australis americanus. Non-native and
 native genotypes were taller and competitively superior to other
 herbaceous wetland plants confirming well-established generalizations
 about wetland plant assembly and traits (height, biomass) associated with
 competitive dominance. However, non-native genotypes more strongly reduced
 wetland plant diversity. While traits associated with competitive ability
 and ecological dominance are well-known, the mechanisms that allow
 non-native genotypes to be more invasive and to outcompete both other
 wetland plants and native Phragmites genotypes remain unclear. Improved
 photosynthetic capacity and below-ground resource capture are likely
 mechanisms. Non-native P. australis australis is considered one of the
 most troublesome species in North American wetlands while native genotypes
 are declining. Our work confirms evidence from across North America
 indicating non-native P. australis australis superior competitive ability,
 and inter-population variation. While native genotypes are competitively
 superior to other herbaceous wetland plant species, they are unable to
 persist once non-native genotypes establish.
description: # Data from: Battle of the giants: Clonal expansion rates, effects on
 wetland plant communities, and competition between introduced *Phragmites
 australis australis* and native *Phragmites australis americanus* Dataset
 DOI: [10.5061/dryad.j9kd51crt](10.5061/dryad.j9kd51crt) ## Description of
 the data and file structure We explored how origin, residence time, and
 population may affect competitive ability, spread (i.e., invasiveness),
 and impact (on local plant communities) using non-native *Phragmites
 australis australis* and native *Phragmites australis americanus* in
 long-term experiments (8-12 years) in a common garden and at field sites
 in New York State, USA. ### Files and variables #### File:
 Blosey_et_al_-_common_garden_data.csv **Empty values:** not all variables
 were collected on a given sampling data. Empty values indicate that the
 data was not collected. NA values indicate that we collected data but that
 the value was not applicable. For example, if a population did not emerge,
 we will have not measured biomass.  ##### Variables * year: 2008-2015,
 number * plant: plant unique ID * trench: 1-75; trench ID * position:
 planting position in trench, E or W * pair: population pair * pair1:
 population pair recoded for analyses * pop: population source * lat:
 latitude * long: longitude * haplotype: Phragmites haplotype * origin:
 native or introduced * alive: 1/0 * no.stems: number of standing stems *
 biomass(g): biomass in grams * no.flowers: number of flowers *
 emergence.date: emergence date mm/dd/year * flowering.date: date
 mm/dd/year * senescence.date: date mm/dd/year * spread(m): meters * Event:
 notes, empty values indicate no notes for that entry #### File:
 Blossey_et_al_-_field_data_cover_by_group.csv **Description:**  #####
 Variables * site: field site * location: location of phrag patch at site *
 year: year, number * phrag.origin: native or non-native * quad: quadrat ID
 * init.pa: initial Phragmites presence/absence * init.dens: initial
 Phragmites density (number/m2) * Phrag present: presence/absence, 1/0 *
 Phrag density: number of Phragmites stems/m2 * Phrag cover: Percent cover
 (%) * notes: * Looking down veg cover: Percent cover from the top * Typha
 Density: number of Typha stems/m2 * l.ruf.galls: whether Lipara rufitarsis
 galls are present; only collected in 2021. Empty values denote no data
 collection. * L.sim.galls: whether L. similis galls are present; only
 collected in 2021. Empty values denote no data collection. * stem.miners:
 whether miners are present; ; only collected in 2021. Empty values denote
 no data collection. * number species: number of plant species in quadrat *
 Total cover all species: percent cover * Total NATIVE cover: % cover *
 Total NON cover: % cover * PHRnat Cover: native Phragmites cover * PHRint
 cover: non-native Phragmites cover * Typha glauca cover: % cover * CovGRAM
 nat w/o Phrag: % cover of native graminoids * CovGRAMnon w/o Phrag: %
 cover of non-native graminoids * AnnualNAT: % cover annual native species
 * AnnualNON: % cover of annual non-native species * PerenNAT: % cover of
 perennial native species * PerenNON: % cover of perennial non-native
 species * Woody NAT: % cover of woody native species * WoodyNON: % cover
 of woody non-native species * fernNATIVE: % cover of fern native species
 #### File: Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx **Description:** code
 names for each species identified in the field study ##### Variables *
 Code: species code, formed of the first two letters of the genus followed
 by first two letters of the species epithet. Code corresponds to species
 code in cover data by species * Species name: species Latin name * Status:
 origin of species, native or non-native * Life form: whether the species
 was classified as a moss, fern & allies, graminoid, woody, perennial,
 or (bi)annual #### File: Blossey_et_al_-_field_data_cover_by_species.csv
 **Description:** cover of each identified species. For species codes, see
 Blossey et al - metadata ##### Variables * Site: study site * Year: year
 of data collection * STATUS: native or non-native * Cxsp: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CXLACU: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CXlept: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CXSTRI: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SCHTAB: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SCIRPU: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ANDGER: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CALcan: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ELEOCH: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * GRASS1: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * GRASS2: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LEEORY: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * MUHRAC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PANVIR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SPAPEC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PHAARU: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * POAPRA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EQUARV: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EQUHYE: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EQUVAR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ONOSEN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * OSMREG: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * THEPAL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * AMBART: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ATRPRO: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CUSCUT: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ECHLOB: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * GALAPA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * IMPCAP: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERSsp: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PILPUM: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * MELALB: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * RUDHIR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SONCsp: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * AMPBRA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * APIOS: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * APOCAN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ARIDRA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ASCINC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ASTER2: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * BOECYL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CALSEP: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CICBUL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CIRDIS: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CIRLUT: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EPILOB: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EPICOL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EUPPER: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EUTGRA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EUTMAC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * FALSCA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * FRAVIR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * GALIUM: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * GALTRF: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * GEUALL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * HIBMOS: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * JUNTEN:species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LATPAL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LYCAME: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LYCOPU: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LYSTER: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * MENTHA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * MENTca: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * OXASTR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERAMP: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERCOC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERHYD: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERPUN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERSAG: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PERVIR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PRUVUL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SCUT: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SOLALT: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SOLCAN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SOLGIG: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SOLIDA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SOLJUN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SYMERI: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SYMLAN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SYMNOV: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SYMPUN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SYMFOE: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * TEUCAN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * TYPLAT: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VERHAS: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VIOLA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * UNKFOR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * UNKfb2: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * UNKfb3: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ALLVIN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ARTVUL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CHRLEU: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CIRARV: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * DAUCAR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * DIPFULL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * EPIHIR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * HYPPER: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LINVUL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LOTCOR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LYSpun: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LYTSAL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PILCAE: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PLAMAJ: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * POLPER: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * RANACR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SILVUL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SOLDUL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SONARV: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * STAPAL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * TAROFF: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * TYPGLA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * URTDIO: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VERALT: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VICCRA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VICIA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ACERUB: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * ALNINC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * AROMEL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CHACAL: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CORRAC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * CORRUG: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * DASFRU: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * FRAXsp: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LARIX: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * MYRICA: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PARQUI: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * PRUVIR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * QUEBIC: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * TOXRAD: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * RIBAME: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SALIX: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SAMCAN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SPIRAE: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * UNKWOO: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * WOODY2: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VACCOR: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VIBDEN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * VITRIP: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * LONIsp: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx * SPHAGN: species code
 corresponding to species listed on
 file Blossey_et_al_-_metadata_field_data.xlsx ## Code/software CSV files