DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z612jm6jv
title: Interactive effects of climate change and pathogens on plant performance: a global meta-analysis

description: Plant health is increasingly threatened by abiotic and biotic stressors
 linked to anthropogenic global change. These stressors are frequently
 studied in isolation. However, they might have non-additive (antagonistic
 or synergistic) interactive effects that affect plant communities in
 unexpected ways. We conducted a global meta-analysis to summarize existing
 evidence on the joint effects of climate change (drought, warming) and
 biotic attack (pathogens) on plant performance. We also investigated the
 effect of drought and warming on pathogen performance, as this information
 is crucial for a mechanistic interpretation of potential indirect effects
 of climate change on plant performance mediated by pathogens. The final
 databases included 1230 pairwise cases extracted from 117 recently
 published scientific articles (dating from 2006) on a global scale. We
 found that the combined negative effects of drought and pathogens were
 lower than expected based on their main effects, supporting the existence
 of antagonistic interactions. Thus, the larger the magnitude of the
 drought, the lower was the pathogen capacity to limit plant growth. On the
 other hand, the combination of warming and pathogens caused larger plant
 damage than expected, supporting the existence of synergistic
 interactions. Our results on the effects of drought and warming on
 pathogens revealed a limitation of their growth rates and abundance in
 vitro but improved under natural conditions, where multiple factors
 operate across the microbiome. Further research on the impact of climate
 change on traits explicitly defining the infective ability of pathogens
 would enhance the assessment of its indirect effects on plants. The
 evaluated plant and pathogen responses were conditioned by the intensity
 of drought or warming and by moderator categorical variables defining the
 pathosystems. Overall, our results clearly support the need to incorporate
 both abiotic and biotic components of global change into predictive models
 of plant performance due to the prevalence of non-additive interactions.
description: The data were obtained directly from texts, tables, databases or
 graphs of published scientific articles that were found after performing a
 bibliographic search using the ISI Web of Science search engine. Data on
 responses of plants and pathogens to the different drivers of global
 change as well as other descriptive characteristics were extracted from
 each of the studies. Effect size values were calculated
 from the extracted data. The log-response ratio was used for individual
 and combined effects and Hedge's d for the identification and
 classification of interactive effects.
description: # Interactive effects of climate change and pathogens on plant
 performance: a global meta-analysis
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z612jm6jv](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z612jm6jv) Plant health is increasingly threatened by abiotic and biotic stressors linked to anthropogenic global change. These stressors are frequently studied in isolation. However, they might have non-additive (antagonistic or synergistic) interactive effects that affect plant communities in unexpected ways. With this purpose, we conducted a global meta-analysis to summarize existing evidence on the combined effects of climate change (drought, warming) and biotic attack (pathogens) on plant performance. This database includes data extracted from the different scientific articles published on the topic at a global level, including the responses shown by plants to one or both global change stressors (warming or drought and/or pathogens), the response of pathogens to warming and drought and other descriptive characteristics of the studies (categorical moderators and intensity of climatic treatments). The calculated values of the effect sizes are also included. The data were obtained directly from texts, tables, databases or graphs of published scientific articles that were found after performing a bibliographic search using the ISI Web of Science search engine. Data on responses of plants and pathogens to the different drivers of global change and also other descriptive characteristics were extracted from each of the studies. Effect size values were calculated from the extracted data. The log-response ratio was used for individual and combined effects and Hedge's d for the study of interactive effects. ## Description of the data and file structure DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: General Information Readme, this metadata file Dataset 1 (4 files): Plant responses to global change drivers Dataset 2 (2 files): Pathogen responses to climate change References (1 file): References of the studies used for the meta-analysis Names and Details for all dataset files follow: DATASET 1: Plant responses to global change drivers 1.-Plant growth (individual and combined).xlsx Measurements of plant growth of plants exposed to global change drivers individually or in combination. Column headings: *Reference*: short reference of the source research article *Location*: study location *Study type*: conditions in which the study was conducted (Controlled = controlled conditions Field = ambient conditions *Plant taxonomy*: name of the plant species/variety studied *Plant life form*: plant type(Woody/Herbaceous) *Pathogen taxonomy*: name of the species/variety of the pathogen used in the study *Microorganism group*: referring to the pathogen (fungi/bacteria/oomycetes) *Type of disease*: symptoms caused by the studied pathogen (canker/stem/foliage/root/vascular) *Pathogen treatment*: method of application of the pathogen (inoculated/natural occurrence/fungicide) *Global change driver*: factor applied to the plant (D = Drought, W = Warming, P = Pathogens, D+P = Drought and pathogens, W+P = Warming and pathogens *Reduction_in_D / T_increment*: intensity of climatic treatment (reduction in water availability for D and D+P treatments temperature increment for W and W+P treatments) *Response variable units*: units in which plant growth is expressed in the study *Mean_control*: mean plant growth values for the control situation *N_control*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the control situation *SD_control*: standard deviation of plant growth measurements for the control situation *Mean_treated*: mean plant growth values for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *N_treated*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *SD_treated*: standard deviation of plant growth for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *RR*: effect sizes of the global change drivers (log-response ratio) *v*: variance of the effect size of each observation *w*: weight (1/v) of the effect size of each observation *w*RR*: the product of the weight and the effect size of each observation. “-“ is specified when there was no data available or it does not apply to that specific variable. 2.-Plant growth (interactive).xlsx Measurements of plant growth of plants exposed to global change drivers in interactive studies. Sheet 1: DxP = Drought x Pathogen interactive effects Sheet 2: WxP = Warming x Pathogen interactive effects Column headings (the same for both sheets): *Reference*: short reference of the source research article *Location*: study location *Study type*: conditions in which the study was conducted (Controlled = controlled conditions Field = ambient conditions *Plant taxonomy*: name of the plant species/variety studied *Plant life form*: plant type(Woody/Herbaceous) *Pathogen taxonomy*: name of the species/variety of the pathogen used in the study *Microorganism group*: referring to the pathogen (fungi/bacteria/oomycetes) *Type of disease*: symptoms caused by the studied pathogen (canker/stem/foliage/root/vascular) *Pathogen treatment*: method of application of the pathogen (inoculated/natural occurrence/fungicide) *Global change driver*: factor applied to the plant (D = Drought, W = Warming, P = Pathogens, D+P = Drought and pathogens, W+P = Warming and pathogens *Reduction_in_D / T_increment*: intensity of climatic treatment (reduction in water availability for D and D+P treatments temperature increment for W and W+P treatments) *Response variable units*: units in which plant growth is expressed in the study *Mean_control*: mean plant growth values for the control situation *N_control*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the control situation *SD_control*: standard deviation of plant growth measurements for the control situation *Mean_treated*: mean plant growth values for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *N_treated*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *SD_treated*: standard deviation of plant growth for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *d_interactive*: interactive effect sizes of the global change drivers (Hedge’s d) *s*: pooled standard deviation of the effect size of each observation *J(m)*: correction term for low sample size bias *v*: variance of the effect size of each observation *w*: weight (1/v) of the effect size of each observation *w*d*: the product of the weight and the effect size of each observation. “-“ is specified when there was no data available or it does not apply to that specific variable. 3.-Plant damage (individual and combined).xlsx Measurements of plant damage of plants exposed to global change drivers individually or in combination. Column headings: *Reference*: short reference of the source research article *Location*: study location *Study type*: conditions in which the study was conducted (Controlled = controlled conditions Field = ambient conditions *Plant taxonomy*: name of the plant species/variety studied *Plant life form*: plant type(Woody/Herbaceous) *Pathogen taxonomy*: name of the species/variety of the pathogen used in the study *Microorganism group*: referring to the pathogen (fungi/bacteria/oomycetes) *Type of disease*: symptoms caused by the studied pathogen (canker/stem/foliage/root/vascular) *Pathogen treatment*: method of application of the pathogen (inoculated/natural occurrence/fungicide) *Global change driver*: factor applied to the plant (D = Drought, W = Warming, P = Pathogens, D+P = Drought and pathogens, W+P = Warming and pathogens *Reduction_in_D / T_increment*: intensity of climatic treatment (reduction in water availability for D and D+P treatments temperature increment for W and W+P treatments) *Response variable units*: units in which plant growth is expressed in the study *Mean_control*: mean plant growth values for the control situation *N_control*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the control situation *SD_control*: standard deviation of plant growth measurements for the control situation *Mean_treated*: mean plant growth values for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *N_treated*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *SD_treated*: standard deviation of plant growth for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *RR*: effect sizes of the global change drivers (log-response ratio) *v*: variance of the effect size of each observation *w*: weight (1/v) of the effect size of each observation *w*RR*: the product of the weight and the effect size of each observation. “-“ is specified when there was no data available or it does not apply to that specific variable. 4.-Plant damage (interactive).xlsx Measurements of plant damage of plants exposed to global change drivers in interactive studies. Sheet 1: DxP = Drought x Pathogen interactive effects Sheet 2: WxP = Warming x Pathogen interactive effects Column headings (the same for both sheets): *Reference*: short reference of the source research article *Location*: study location *Study type*: conditions in which the study was conducted (Controlled = controlled conditions Field = ambient conditions *Plant taxonomy*: name of the plant species/variety studied *Plant life form*: plant type(Woody/Herbaceous) *Pathogen taxonomy*: name of the species/variety of the pathogen used in the study *Microorganism group*: referring to the pathogen (fungi/bacteria/oomycetes) *Type of disease*: symptoms caused by the studied pathogen (canker/stem/foliage/root/vascular) *Pathogen treatment*: method of application of the pathogen (inoculated/natural occurrence/fungicide) *Global change driver*: factor applied to the plant (D = Drought, W = Warming, P = Pathogens, D+P = Drought and pathogens, W+P = Warming and pathogens *Reduction_in_D / T_increment*: intensity of climatic treatment (reduction in water availability for D and D+P treatments temperature increment for W and W+P treatments) *Response variable units*: units in which plant growth is expressed in the study *Mean_control*: mean plant growth values for the control situation *N_control*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the control situation *SD_control*: standard deviation of plant growth measurements for the control situation *Mean_treated*: mean plant growth values for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *N_treated*: sample size of plant growth measurements for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *SD_treated*: standard deviation of plant growth for the situation under 1 or 2 of the global change drivers *d_interactive*: interactive effect sizes of the global change drivers (Hedge’s d) *s*: pooled standard deviation of the effect size of each observation *J(m)*: correction term for low sample size bias *v*: variance of the effect size of each observation *w*: weight (1/v) of the effect size of each observation *w*d*: the product of the weight and the effect size of each observation. “-“ is specified when there was no data available or it does not apply to that specific variable. DATASET 2: Pathogen responses to climate change 1.-Pathogen growth.xlsx Measurements of pathogen growth of pathogens exposed to global change drivers related to climate change. Column headings: *Reference*: short reference of the source research article *Location*: study location *Study type*: conditions in which the study was conducted (Controlled = controlled conditions Field = ambient conditions *Plant taxonomy*: name of the plant species/variety studied Plant life form = plant type(Woody/Herbaceous) *Pathogen taxonomy*: name of the species/variety of the pathogen used in the study *Microorganism group*: referring to the pathogen (fungi/bacteria/oomycetes) *Type of disease*: symptoms caused by the studied pathogen (canker/stem/foliage/root/vascular) *Pathogen treatment*: method of application of the pathogen (inoculated/natural occurrence/fungicide) *Global change driver*: factor applied to the pathogen (D = Drought, W = Warming) *Reduction_in_D / T_increment*: intensity of climatic treatment (reduction in water availability for D temperature increment for W) *Response variable units = units in which pathogen growth is expressed in the study Mean_control*: mean pathogen growth values for the control situation *N_control*: sample size of pathogen growth measurements for the control situation *SD_control*: standard deviation of pathogen growth measurements for the control situation ç *Mean_treated*: mean pathogen growth values for the situation under warming or drought conditions *N_treated*: sample size of pathogen growth measurements for the situation under warming or drought conditions *SD_treated*: standard deviation of pathogen growth for the situation under warming or drought conditions *RR*: effect sizes of the particular global change driver (log-response ratio) *v*: variance of the effect size of each observation *w*: weight (1/v) of the effect size of each observation *w*RR*: the product of the weight and the effect size of each observation. “-“ is specified when there was no data available or it does not apply to that specific variable. 2.-Pathogen abundance.xlsx Measurements of pathogen abundance of pathogens exposed to global change drivers related to climate change. Column headings: *Reference*: short reference of the source research article *Location*: study location *Study type*: conditions in which the study was conducted (Controlled = controlled conditions Field = ambient conditions *Plant taxonomy*: name of the plant species/variety studied Plant life form = plant type(Woody/Herbaceous) *Pathogen taxonomy*: name of the species/variety of the pathogen used in the study *Microorganism group*: referring to the pathogen (fungi/bacteria/oomycetes) *Type of disease*: symptoms caused by the studied pathogen (canker/stem/foliage/root/vascular) *Pathogen treatment*: method of application of the pathogen (inoculated/natural occurrence/fungicide) *Global change driver*: factor applied to the pathogen (D = Drought, W = Warming) *Reduction_in_D / T_increment*: intensity of climatic treatment (reduction in water availability for D temperature increment for W) *Response variable units = units in which pathogen growth is expressed in the study Mean_control*: mean pathogen growth values for the control situation *N_control*: sample size of pathogen growth measurements for the control situation *SD_control*: standard deviation of pathogen growth measurements for the control situation ç *Mean_treated*: mean pathogen growth values for the situation under warming or drought conditions *N_treated*: sample size of pathogen growth measurements for the situation under warming or drought conditions *SD_treated*: standard deviation of pathogen growth for the situation under warming or drought conditions *RR*: effect sizes of the particular global change driver (log-response ratio) *v*: variance of the effect size of each observation *w*: weight (1/v) of the effect size of each observation *w*RR*: the product of the weight and the effect size of each observation. “-“ is specified when there was no data available or it does not apply to that specific variable. REFERENCES: References of the studies used for the meta-analysis Column headings: *Reference*: short reference of the source research article (code used in the rest of datasets) *Complete reference*: complete reference of each publication. ## Sharing/Access information These data have been extracted from scientific articles published in journals with different information access policies, not all of which are published in open access. Data was derived from the following sources: * The complete source of the publications from which the data were extracted are detailed in the file “References.xlsx”