DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sr8k
title: Wind direction and strength determine the genetic structure of an insect-pollinated plant across heterogeneous landscape

description: Aim: Dispersal of plant propagules and their genes is crucial for plant
 responses to landscape heterogeneities, yet the mechanisms behind this
 dispersal remain unclear. Ficus species depend on wind-borne fig wasps for
 pollination, but research on air flow effects on Ficus genetic structure
 has produced conflicting results. Our study aims to clarify the role of
 wind in shaping the genetic structure of such plants with wind-borne
 insect pollinators by examining how geomorphological complexity interacts
 with air movements to influence genetic structures. Location: Southwest
 China: Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces.
 Taxon: Ficus tikoua Bur., Ficus, Moraceae. Methods: We
 sampled 56 Ficus tikoua sites across southwest China, characterized by
 high geomorphologic complexity. River basins and predominant winds were
 visualized across the sampled regions. Wind connectivity between sampled
 sites during the main pollination season was modeled based on hourly daily
 wind data. The maternal and biparental genetic structure of sites were
 reconstructed using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear SSR (nuSSR)
 markers. Links between genetic structure, location and wind parameters
 were estimated by Mantel or partial Mantel tests. Results: The plant’s
 maternal genetic structure was defined by river systems, with two distinct
 cpDNA groups located in the Yangtze and Pearl River basins respectively.
 The boundaries for nuclear variation were less clearly delimited
 geographically. Sites with mixtures of nuSSR groups were concentrated
 where prevailing winds arrive from several directions. Stronger
 between-site air flows increased nuSSR geneflow and genetic similarities,
 while populations receiving more wind flow were also more genetically
 variable. Main conclusions: Our study reveals how plant gene dispersal
 reflects air and water movements that in turn respond to geomorphologic
 complexity, thereby directly demonstrating the effects of wind on geneflow
 of plants with wind-borne insect pollinators. Wind data matching
 pollinator flight times and large sample sizes are crucial for testing
 wind effects.
description: Combined cpDNA sequences of each individual for Ficus
 tikoua.  SSR genotype data generated using 13 loci that
 specific isolated for <em>Ficus tikoua</em>.
 Regional daily wind speeds and directions averaged for 30 years
 were downloaded from MERRA-2 (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?project=MERRA-2), while hourly daytime wind directions and speeds at 10 m above ground were downloaded from from Climate System Forecast Reanalysis (CFSR, http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov). 
description: # Wind direction and strength determines the population genetic structure
 of an insect-pollinated plant
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sr8k](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sr8k) ## Description of the data and file structure File: tikoua_data_for_dryard.zip * Combined cpDNA sequences: Named as population ID that is same with SSR geneotype POP.  * SSR Genotype for Ficus tikoua: * **POP**: Represents populations. * **IND**: Represents individual ID. * **Missing Data**: Recorded as 0. * **Loci Code**: T75, T78, etc. * **Allele Recording**: T75-1 and T75-2 represent two alleles recorded for the T75 locus. * MERRA Wind Data: * **Longitude**: The east-west coordinate of the grid point, based on the WGS84 geographic coordinate system (Range: 72°E to 137.34°E). * **Latitude**: The north-south coordinate of the grid point, based on the WGS84 geographic coordinate system (Range: 16°N to 55°N). * **AV_U** and **AV_V** are vectors without unit of measurement. * **AV_U**: Represents the wind coming from longitude direction. * **AV_V**: Represents the wind coming from latitude direction. * 10m Wind Data for Windscape: * **POP**: Represents populations. * **Up Triangle:** Indicates the average hours for wind traveling from the column population to the row population. * **Down Triangle:** Indicates the average hours for wind traveling from the column population to the row population.