cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327700
title: EVALUATION OF THE GNSS POSITIONING PERFORMANCE UNDER INFLUENCE OF THE IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION

description: Abstract: The ionosphere may not only degrade the accuracy of the GNSS positioning but also reduce its availability because there is a high dependence between signal losses and ionospheric irregularities. Irregularities in the Earth’s ionosphere may produce rapid fluctuations in phase and amplitude. These rapid fluctuations are called ionospheric scintillation. Thus, loss of signal can occur due to the effects of diffraction and refraction, which cause a weakening in the signal received by the GNSS receivers. In this way, this paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of ionospheric scintillation in Brazil and the performance of the positioning under its influence in the period of high solar activity in the current cycle (24), through the Spearman correlation analysis and the Wavelet periodogram. For that, three-year time series (2012 to 2014) of the S4 index and 3D MSE (Mean Squared Error) of three Brazilian stations with different ionospheric conditions were considered, PALM (near the Geomagnetic Equator) PRU2 (Equatorial region and Anomalies) and POAL (Mid-latitude region). Thus, it was possible to evaluate the correlation between the accuracy of the precise point positioning using only the C/A code of the GPS satellite and the S4 index. As a result, there was a correlation of 53% and 51%, using the Spearman method, for the PALM and PRU2 series, respectively. In addition, considering the analysis of space-frequency in relation to time by the Wavelet coherence method, a correlation of more than 70% is noted in the period of greatest 3D MSE concerning the spring and autumn equinox months.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327700.v1
title: EVALUATION OF THE GNSS POSITIONING PERFORMANCE UNDER INFLUENCE OF THE IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION

description: Abstract: The ionosphere may not only degrade the accuracy of the GNSS positioning but also reduce its availability because there is a high dependence between signal losses and ionospheric irregularities. Irregularities in the Earth’s ionosphere may produce rapid fluctuations in phase and amplitude. These rapid fluctuations are called ionospheric scintillation. Thus, loss of signal can occur due to the effects of diffraction and refraction, which cause a weakening in the signal received by the GNSS receivers. In this way, this paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of ionospheric scintillation in Brazil and the performance of the positioning under its influence in the period of high solar activity in the current cycle (24), through the Spearman correlation analysis and the Wavelet periodogram. For that, three-year time series (2012 to 2014) of the S4 index and 3D MSE (Mean Squared Error) of three Brazilian stations with different ionospheric conditions were considered, PALM (near the Geomagnetic Equator) PRU2 (Equatorial region and Anomalies) and POAL (Mid-latitude region). Thus, it was possible to evaluate the correlation between the accuracy of the precise point positioning using only the C/A code of the GPS satellite and the S4 index. As a result, there was a correlation of 53% and 51%, using the Spearman method, for the PALM and PRU2 series, respectively. In addition, considering the analysis of space-frequency in relation to time by the Wavelet coherence method, a correlation of more than 70% is noted in the period of greatest 3D MSE concerning the spring and autumn equinox months.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327698
title: A PERCEPTRON-BASED FEATURE SELECTION APPROACH FOR DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION

description: Abstract: The use of OBIA for high spatial resolution image classification can be divided in two main steps, the first being segmentation and the second regarding the labeling of the objects in accordance with a particular set of features and a classifier. Decision trees are often used to represent human knowledge in the latter. The issue falls in how to select a smaller amount of features from a feature space with spatial, spectral and textural variables to describe the classes of interest, which engenders the matter of choosing the best or more convenient feature selection (FS) method. In this work, an approach for FS within a decision tree was introduced using a single perceptron and the Backpropagation algorithm. Three alternatives were compared: single, double and multiple inputs, using a sequential backward search (SBS). Test regions were used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methods. Results showed that it is possible to use a single perceptron in each node, with an overall accuracy (OA) between 77.6% and 77.9%. Only SBS reached an OA larger than 88%. Thus, the quality of the proposed solution depends on the number of input features.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327698.v1
title: A PERCEPTRON-BASED FEATURE SELECTION APPROACH FOR DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION

description: Abstract: The use of OBIA for high spatial resolution image classification can be divided in two main steps, the first being segmentation and the second regarding the labeling of the objects in accordance with a particular set of features and a classifier. Decision trees are often used to represent human knowledge in the latter. The issue falls in how to select a smaller amount of features from a feature space with spatial, spectral and textural variables to describe the classes of interest, which engenders the matter of choosing the best or more convenient feature selection (FS) method. In this work, an approach for FS within a decision tree was introduced using a single perceptron and the Backpropagation algorithm. Three alternatives were compared: single, double and multiple inputs, using a sequential backward search (SBS). Test regions were used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methods. Results showed that it is possible to use a single perceptron in each node, with an overall accuracy (OA) between 77.6% and 77.9%. Only SBS reached an OA larger than 88%. Thus, the quality of the proposed solution depends on the number of input features.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327665.v1
title: Performance evaluation of GPS and GLONASS systems, combined and individually, in precise point positioning.

description: The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of the GLONASS (Global'naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya Sistema), GPS (Global Positioning System) and the combined use of both systems at different latitudes, by using the service Precise Point Positioning CSRS-PPP. For this purpose, 16 stations from the IGS (International GNSS Service) network were selected, from which were used the GNSS data in RINEX format of August 2014 and edited by using TEQC (Translation, Editing and Quality Check) to obtain files with intervals of 30 and 45 minutes, which only contain GPS data, GLONASS data and both systems data. The estimated coordinates in CSRS-PPP were compared with the reference coordinates obtained from the site of ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame), enabling the accuracy calculation of the PPP by using GPS and GLONASS data, separated and combined. After the accuracies calculation for each day of august, outliers were detected and discarded by using boxplot method with the R software. It was found that GPS and GLONASS when used jointly, for all the stations, have enabled more accurate results. In addition, one may noticed the GLONASS potentiality, which presented superior performance when compared to GPS in most stations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327662.v1
title: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ALGORITHMS USED IN MODERNIZED METHODS OF BUILDING MEASUREMENTS WITH RTN GNSS TECHNOLOGY

description: The use of RTN GNSS surveying technology (Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) for direct measurements of building structures is extremely difficult, and often impossible. Therefore, the real-time technology is supported by indirect methods of measurements. One such solution is the method of line-line intersection. Having determined the position (the coordinates) of the so-called base points on the extension of the wall faces of a building, and having calculated the coordinates of intersection of the lines of relationships between the base points, the coordinates of corners of a building structure are obtained, which are relatively unreliable. In order to increase the reliability of these coordinates, the author proposes to add an innovative solution called vector translation to the classical method of line-line intersection. This paper proves the thesis on the increased reliability of determining the coordinates of corners of buildings by conducting an appropriate mathematical analysis of these formulas, using the algorithm developed by the author. The performed analysis shows that this innovative solution results in a smaller difference between the adjusted coordinates relative to the theoretical ones, than the difference captured from the "raw" measurement results with respect to the theoretical values.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327701.v1
title: THE POSITIONING OF STREET NAMES ON EGOCENTRICALLY REFERENCED MAPS: ASSESSMENT OF READING TIME

description: Abstract: The main objective of this research is to evaluate the reading time of street names on dynamic egocentrically referenced maps for In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation Systems. Two different road network patterns (grid-like or non-grid-like) were considered and tasks were devised to search for street names in two different route segments (where the driver was, or where the driver would have to manoeuvre). Considering a non-grid-like road network pattern, for the task of searching for the name of a road where the driver would manoeuvre, street names aligned horizontally and next to the route were read significantly faster than street names positioned along the route. Street names positioned obliquely required more reading time than street names aligned horizontally. Dynamic maps egocentrically referenced should present street names horizontally aligned and next to the route for the segment related to where the driver will manoeuvre, for both road network patterns. Also, Street names should be positioned next to the car symbol.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327701
title: THE POSITIONING OF STREET NAMES ON EGOCENTRICALLY REFERENCED MAPS: ASSESSMENT OF READING TIME

description: Abstract: The main objective of this research is to evaluate the reading time of street names on dynamic egocentrically referenced maps for In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation Systems. Two different road network patterns (grid-like or non-grid-like) were considered and tasks were devised to search for street names in two different route segments (where the driver was, or where the driver would have to manoeuvre). Considering a non-grid-like road network pattern, for the task of searching for the name of a road where the driver would manoeuvre, street names aligned horizontally and next to the route were read significantly faster than street names positioned along the route. Street names positioned obliquely required more reading time than street names aligned horizontally. Dynamic maps egocentrically referenced should present street names horizontally aligned and next to the route for the segment related to where the driver will manoeuvre, for both road network patterns. Also, Street names should be positioned next to the car symbol.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327703
title: BRAZILIAN NSDI TEN YEARS LATER: CURRENT OVERVIEW, NEW CHALLENGES AND PROPOSITIONS FOR NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING

description: Abstract: Cartographic data represents the main and basic component of a Spatial Data Infrastructure. SDI, in turn, has the role of supporting, with strategic information, the most diverse political and economic actions, in the management and planning of public actions. Thus, this work aims, initially, to present an overview of cartography in Brazil through the analysis of the evolution of topographic mapping coverage in the country. For each of the main scales used, a coverage map was created. The analyzes reflect three different periods (until 1997, between 1998 and 2007, after 2008) in order to relate how and to what degree, the creation of Brazilian National SDI (in 2008) had an impact on the mapping production in the country. Given the current panorama, as a final objective, this paper aims at to present proposals to leverage the coverage of this reference data. One of them is the use of new data sources such as Volunteered Geographic Information, especially in areas with outdated mapping or without mapping, as has already been used in some countries. Another proposition is to share the responsibility of mapping through partnerships with other levels of government, which would result the decentralization and the optimization of cartographic production.
DOI: 10.17632/8w9z22ykf5.1
title: Nanomaterials and Cancer Therapy

description: This data aims to identify and analyze documents in the field of nanomaterials for cancer therapy to find a pathway for future research. A title search of “nanomaterial*” including nanomaterial and nanomaterials, was run on both well-known databases SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS). There were 18,330 and 16,135 documents on SCOPUS and WoS, respectively. The data collected on November 3, 2020. The first publication was published in 1993 and 1997 on SCOPUS and WoS databases, respectively. The SCOPUS was selected for data collection due to coverage of 18,330 documents. Usually, SCOPUS has broad coverage in comparison with WoS. The initial search results (18,330 documents) were refined by “cancer therapy” and reached 1,622 documents. The 1,622 documents were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The R-Tool of the Bibliometrix-package was applied to perform a detailed analysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327647.v1
title: Analysis of higher order ionospheric effects in the solar cycle 24 and influence in the GNSS absolute positioning

description: The application of the ionosphere free combination for GNSS dual frequency data allows mathematically the elimination of the first order ionosphere effects. However, the higher order ionosphere effects are not eliminated and are generally neglected in GNSS data processing. In this paper, there will be discussions and analysis related to the higher order ionospheric effects computation which involves calculating TEC from different combinations, the geomagnetic reference system IGRF-11, the ionosphere free linear combination for three GPS frequencies L1, L2 and L5 and other. The triple frequency combination allows eliminating the second order effect, however the propagated precision of the combination is worse than the value of the effect itself. It was accomplished data processing in the static and kinematic PPP aiming to evaluate the influence of the higher order effects in the solar cycle 24.The GPS data were corrected from higher order effects by using the "RINEX_HO" software available in the NGS-NOAA-TOOLBOX. The results showed that neglecting the higher order effects in the PPP can produce variations of the order of millimeters to centimeters considering periods with low and high ionosphere activity, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327706.v1
title: PERFORMING 3D SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION WITH LARGE ROTATION ANGLES USING CONSTRAINED MULTIVARIATE TOTAL LEAST SQUARES

description: Abstract: 3D similarity transformation is frequently encountered operation in the field of geodetic data processing, and there are many applications that involve large rotation angles. In previous studies, the errors of the coefficient matrix were usually neglected and a least squares algorithm was applied to calculate the transformation parameters. However, the coefficient matrix is composed of the point coordinates in source coordinate system, i.e., the coefficient matrix is also contaminated by errors. Therefore, a total least squares algorithm should be applied. In this paper, a new method is proposed to address the 3D similarity transformation problem with large rotation angles. Firstly, the scale factor and rotation matrix are put together as the parameter matrix to avoid the rank-defect problem. Then, the translation vector is removed and the multivariate model is constructed. Finally, the constraints are introduced according to the properties of the parameter matrix and the constrained multivariate total least squares algorithm is derived to obtain the transformation parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high computational efficiency.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327706
title: PERFORMING 3D SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION WITH LARGE ROTATION ANGLES USING CONSTRAINED MULTIVARIATE TOTAL LEAST SQUARES

description: Abstract: 3D similarity transformation is frequently encountered operation in the field of geodetic data processing, and there are many applications that involve large rotation angles. In previous studies, the errors of the coefficient matrix were usually neglected and a least squares algorithm was applied to calculate the transformation parameters. However, the coefficient matrix is composed of the point coordinates in source coordinate system, i.e., the coefficient matrix is also contaminated by errors. Therefore, a total least squares algorithm should be applied. In this paper, a new method is proposed to address the 3D similarity transformation problem with large rotation angles. Firstly, the scale factor and rotation matrix are put together as the parameter matrix to avoid the rank-defect problem. Then, the translation vector is removed and the multivariate model is constructed. Finally, the constraints are introduced according to the properties of the parameter matrix and the constrained multivariate total least squares algorithm is derived to obtain the transformation parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high computational efficiency.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327554.v1
title: Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

description: ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of heat treatment at different temperatures on the color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Methods Thirty-six nickel-titanium K-file endodontic instruments were divided into six groups and submitted to heat treatment at several temperatures between 450ºC and 750ºC. The color was visually observed. Cantilever-bending tests were performed to measure the flexibility of the instruments. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc comparisons. Results It was observed that the color becomes darker as the heating temperature increases. The flexibility is significantly higher after the heat treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Instruments treated at 650ºC and 750ºC had higher flexibility than those treated at lower temperatures (450ºC, 500ºC and 550ºC) (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Heat treatment has a significant effect on the surface color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. The highest flexibility was observed in instruments heated at 650ºC and 750ºC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327517.v1
title: Frames of reference in Toba of Western Formosa (Guaicuruan, Argentina)

description: Abstract This paper analyzes, from a semantic typological perspective, the spatial subdomain of angular stasis or frames of reference in Toba of Western Formosa (Guaicuruan, Argentina). The corpus is composed of data obtained, through the visual stimulus ‘Men and Tree Photo Matching’ (Levinson et al., 1992), at Vaca Perdida (Formosa, Argentina). The frames of references found are absolute, object-centered, and direct. While absolute and object-centered frames of reference encode positional and orientational information, the direct one only expresses the orientation of the man from the deictic center. The absolute coordinate system, and the encoding of the orientation of the man are prominent in the corpus. The use of the same visual stimuli to study frames of reference among other languages of the South American Gran Chaco region will provide regionally comparable data and contribute to the knowledge of the structure of the spatial semantic domain.
DOI: 10.17632/g9f2mnhht4.1
title: Factors Contributing CO2 Emissions: A Linear, Nonlinear, and Panel ARDL Model

description: The empirical analysis of the study is conducted by using annual data during the time of 1974-2018 in the context of Bangladesh. Data relating to per capita CO2 emissions, real GDP per capita, energy consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment, trade openness, urbanization, agriculture, and industry have been collected from secondary sources: the World Development Indicators (WDI) online database . The study also applies yearly data of particular South Asian nations explicitly Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka for the duration of 1978-2018.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14290730.v1
title: Neosartorya glabra polygalacturonase produced from fruit peels as inducers has the potential for application in passion fruit and apple juices

description: Summary Polygalacturonases are enzymes with the biotechnological potential for use in fruit juice clarification and for the enhancement of filtration efficiency. The aim of this work was to assess the production of polygalacturonase by the fungus Neosartorya glabra by means of solid-state and submerged fermentation using fruit peel residues as the carbon source, and also apply the enzyme in the clarification and decrease in viscosity of passion fruit and apple juices. The highest polygalacturonase (4.52 U/g/h) production was obtained by means of submerged fermentation in Vogel´s medium (1964) containing orange peel – Bahia variety (Citrus sinensis), at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v, dried mass) at 30-35°C for 72 h. The polygalacturonase of the crude extract presented optimal activity at 60°C and pH 5.5. The enzyme retained around 90% of the initial activity after 180 minutes at 40°C, and 50% of the initial activity after 150 minutes at 50°C. The enzyme was shown to be stable at acid pH values (3.0-6.5) after 120 minutes at 25oC. All these favourable enzymatic properties make the polygalacturonase attractive for potential uses in the industry of pectin-rich fruit juices, since the application of the crude extract to passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) juice caused an 80% reduction in viscosity and 75% decrease in light absorbance. In the processing of apple pulp juice (Malus domestica), there was a 50% reduction in viscosity and 78% decrease in light absorbance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327707.v1
title: LARGE-SCALE CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF RELIEF FEATURES FROM SANDYZATION PROCESS

description: Abstract: In topographic maps, contour lines and elevation points usually represent the variation of height and slope. Contour lines interval defines the level of detail for relief representation. Geomorphological features we can identify on maps are related to contour lines generalization. In this study, we aim to define the necessary level of detail for the cartographic representation of relief features from the sandyzation process. The methodology comprises: defining the relief features associated with sandyzation at the study area by literature review; describing the aspects of data survey using Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) to generate the orthophoto mosaic and the Digital Surface Model (DSM); and using the DSM to extract contour lines at different scales. We defined eight relief features (denudational landform, rill, ravine, micro-residual hill, dune, depositional fan, concentrated flow, and gully) for contour cartographic representation at 1:5,000, 1:1,000, 1:500, 1:200, and 1:100 scales. The results show the scales in which the relief features have their geomorphological characteristics better represented by contours lines. Since there is no reference for suitable scales for the cartographic representation of landforms related to the sandyzation process, this study can contribute to geomorphological researches in areas where this process occurs.