DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4q34p37b
title: Data from: Correlated evolution of senescence and ephemeral substrate use in the Sordariomycetes

description: Evolutionary theory predicts that senescence – a decline in reproduction
 and survival with increasing age - can evolve as a trade-off between the
 investment in reproduction on one side and in somatic maintenance and
 repair on the other side. The ecology of a species is crucial here, since
 it provides the external causes of death that determine the statistical
 limit to a species’ lifespan. Filamentous fungi are generally believed to
 be non-senescent, and there are indeed spectacular examples of very old
 fungal individuals in nature. Yet, for some fungi the growth conditions
 are ephemeral and therefore senescence is expected to have evolved, like
 in the coprophilic Podospora anserina, the only well-studied filamentous
 fungus with intrinsic senescence. Here we hypothesize that rapid
 senescence is more common in fungi than generally believed and that the
 phylogenetic distribution of senescence correlates with its ecology. We
 examined a set of Sordariomycetes for their lifespan and constructed
 phylogenies based on several nuclear sequences. Part of the strains were
 from the CBS culture collection, originally isolated from various
 substrates, some of which ephemeral. In addition we isolated new strains
 from short-lived substrates. Senescence was observed throughout the
 phylogeny. Correlation tests support the hypothesis that in the
 Sordariomycetes senescence is a trait that has arisen as an evolved
 adaptation to ephemeral substrates, and that it has evolved repeatedly and
 independently along the phylogeny.
description: Alignment ITS
 sequencesFasta (txt) file with
 all the aligned ITS sequences of all strains from our culture collection
 and isolated from dung, used in the analysis to detect correlated
 evolution between substrate and (rapid) senescence.Alignment non-redundant
 ITS sequencesFasta (txt) file with
 the aligned non-redundant ITS sequences, used in the analysis to detect
 correlated evolution between substrate and (rapid)
 senescence.Character
 matrix-non-redundant scenarioBinomic character matrix
 of the strains used in the non-redundant scenario; Character states:
 Ephemeral substrate: 1=ephemeral substrate, 0= non-ephemeral substrate;
 Senescence:1=(rapid) senescence, 0= not senescent within 8 weeks of growth
 (pdf-file).Character matric-non-redundant
 scenario.pdfCharacter matrix-best
 scenarioBinomic character matrix
 of the strains used in the 'best case' scenario; Character
 states: Ephemeral substrate: 1=ephemeral substrate, 0= non-ephemeral
 substrate; Senescence:1=(rapid) senescence, 0= not senescent within 8
 weeks of growth (pdf-file).Character matrix-final
 scenarioBinomic character matrix
 of the strains used in the final scenario; Character states: Ephemeral
 substrate: 1=ephemeral substrate, 0= non-ephemeral substrate;
 Senescence:1=(rapid) senescence, 0= not senescent within 8 weeks of growth
 (pdf-file).Character matrix-worst
 case scenarioBinomic character matrix
 of the strains used in the 'worst case' scenario; Character
 states: Ephemeral substrate: 1=ephemeral substrate, 0= non-ephemeral
 substrate; Senescence:1=(rapid) senescence, 0= not senescent within 8
 weeks of growth (pdf-file).Tree-all Most
 Parsimonious ITS trees allAll most Parsimonious
 trees based on the ITS sequences of all strains. In newick format (Mega5;
 1000 bootstraps).Tree-all Most
 Parsimonious trees non-redundantAll most Parsimonious
 trees based on the ITS sequences of non-redundant strains. In newick
 format (Mega5; 1000 bootstraps).Tree-Maximum Likelihood
 ITS non-redundantMaximum Likelihood tree
 based on the ITS sequences of the non-redundant strains. In newick format
 (Mega5; 1000 bootstraps).Tree-Maximum Likelihood
 ITS tree allMaximum Likelihood tree
 based on the ITS sequences of all strains. In newick format (Mega5; 1000
 bootstraps).Tree-Minimum Evolution
 ITS Tree allMinimum Evolution tree
 based on the ITS sequences of all strains. In newick format (Mega5; 1000
 bootstraps).Tree-Minimum Evolution
 non-redundantMinimum Evolution tree
 based on the ITS sequences of the non-redundant strains. In newick format
 (Mega5; 1000 bootstraps).