cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1n50j
title: Data from: Draining the pool? Carbon storage and fluxes in three alpine plant communities

description: Shrub communities have expanded in arctic and alpine tundra during recent
 decades. Changes in shrub abundance may alter ecosystem carbon (C)
 sequestration and storage, with potential positive or negative feedback on
 global C cycling. To assess potential implications of shrub expansion in
 different alpine plant communities, we compared C fluxes and pools in one
 Empetrum-dominated heath, one herb- and cryptogam-dominated meadow, and
 one Salix-shrub community in Central Norway. Over two growing seasons, we
 measured Gross Ecosystem Photosynthesis, Ecosystem Respiration (ER), and C
 pools for above-ground vegetation, litter, roots, and soil separated into
 organic and mineral horizons. Both the meadow and shrub communities had
 higher rates of C fixation and ER, but the total ecosystem C pool in the
 meadow was twice that of the shrub community because of more C in the
 organic soil horizon. Even though the heath community had the lowest rates
 of C fixation, it stored one and a half times more C than the shrub
 community. The results indicate that the relatively high above-ground
 biomass sequestering C during the growing season is not associated with
 high C storage in shrub-dominated communities. Instead, shrub-dominated
 areas may be draining the carbon-rich alpine soils because of high rates
 of decomposition. These processes were not shown by mid-growing season C
 fluxes, but were reflected by the very different distribution of C pools
 in the three habitats.
description: Carbon and Nitrogen
 storage and CO2 fluxes in alpine plant communitiesField data of C and N
 pools (in above-ground vegetation, litter, roots, and soil separated into
 organic and mineral horizons) and CO2 fluxes (including Net Ecosystem
 Exchange, Ecosystem Respiration and Gross Ecosystem Photosynthesis) and
 the environment (such as light, moisture, and air, surface, and soil
 temperature) during measurements. The data is processed in R core Team
 2015.Data_carbon_budget_ECOSYSTEMS_Dryad_submission_08-04-2017.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rh942
title: Data from: Multiple mating, paternity and complex fertilisation patterns in the chokka squid Loligo reynaudi

description: Polyandry is widespread and influences patterns of sexual selection, with
 implications for sexual conflict over mating. Assessing sperm precedence
 patterns is a first step towards understanding sperm competition within a
 female and elucidating the roles of male- and female-controlled factors.
 In this study behavioural field data and genetic data were combined to
 investigate polyandry in the chokka squid Loligo reynaudii. Microsatellite
 DNA-based paternity analysis revealed multiple paternity to be the norm,
 with 79% of broods sired by at least two males. Genetic data also
 determined that the male who was guarding the female at the moment of
 sampling was a sire in 81% of the families tested, highlighting mate
 guarding as a successful male tactic with postcopulatory benefits linked
 to sperm deposition site giving privileged access to extruded egg strings.
 As females lay multiple eggs in capsules (egg strings) wherein their
 position is not altered during maturation it is possible to describe the
 spatial / temporal sequence of fertilisation / sperm precedence There were
 four different patterns of fertilisation found among the tested egg
 strings: 1) unique sire; 2) dominant sire, with one or more rare sires; 3)
 randomly mixed paternity (two or more sires); and 4) a distinct switch in
 paternity occurring along the egg string. The latter pattern cannot be
 explained by a random use of stored sperm, and suggests postcopulatory
 female sperm choice. Collectively the data indicate multiple levels of
 male- and female-controlled influences on sperm precedence, and highlights
 squid as interesting models to study the interplay between sexual and
 natural selection.
description: Loligo reynaudii brood
 fertilisation data_Paul Shaw
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f06d9k2
title: Data from: Collision and annihilation of nonlinear sound waves and action potentials at interfaces

description: Nerve impulses, previously proposed as manifestations of nonlinear
 acoustic pulses localized at the plasma membrane, can annihilate upon
 collision. However, whether annihilation of acoustic waves at interfaces
 takes place is unclear. We previously showed the propagation of nonlinear
 sound waves that propagate as solitary waves above a threshold
 (super-threshold) excitation in a lipid monolayer near a phase transition.
 Here we investigate the interaction of these waves. Sound waves were
 excited mechanically via a piezo cantilever in a lipid monolayer at the
 air-water interface and their amplitude is reported before and after a
 collision. The compression amplitude was observed via Förster resonance
 energy transfer between donor and acceptor dyes, measured at fixed points
 along the propagation path in the lipid monolayer. We provide direct
 experimental evidence for the annihilation of two super-threshold
 interfacial pulses upon head-on collision in a lipid monolayer and
 conclude that sound waves propagating in a lipid interface can interact
 linearly, nonlinearly, or annihilate upon collision depending on the state
 of the system. Thus we show that main characteristics of nerve impulses,
 i.e. solitary character, velocity, couplings, all-or-none behavior,
 threshold and even annihilation are also demonstrated by nonlinear waves
 in a lipid monolayer, where they follow directly from the thermodynamic
 principles applied to an interface. As these principles are equally
 unavoidable in a nerve membrane, our observations strongly suggest that
 the underlying physical basis of action potentials and the observed
 nonlinear-pules is identical.
description: Collision and
 Annihilation of Nonlinear Sound Waves and Action Potentials in
 Interfaces_Data Figure 4Nonlinear Response
 function as an amplitude vs excitation strength plot. Data used to obtain
 Figure for of the manuscript represents response measured as ratiometric
 FRET vs blade displacement in millimeters.Collision Raw
 DataRaw data used in figure
 2 and 3. X column for time and Y for normalized amplitude. Different
 figure sections are covered by different sheets.CollisionRawData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h2h08
title: Data from: Exploring seascape genetics and kinship in the reef sponge Stylissa carteri in the Red Sea

description: A main goal of population geneticists is to study patterns of gene flow to
 gain a better understanding of the population structure in a given
 organism. To date most efforts have been focused on studying gene flow at
 either broad scales to identify barriers to gene flow and isolation by
 distance or at fine spatial scales in order to gain inferences regarding
 reproduction and local dispersal. Few studies have measured connectivity
 at multiple spatial scales and have utilized novel tools to test the
 influence of both environment and geography on shaping gene flow in an
 organism. Here a seascape genetics approach was used to gain insight
 regarding geographic and ecological barriers to gene flow of a common reef
 sponge, Stylissa carteri in the Red Sea. Furthermore, a small-scale
 (&lt;1 km) analysis was also conducted to infer reproductive potential
 in this organism. At the broad scale, we found that sponge connectivity is
 not structured by geography alone, but rather, genetic isolation in the
 southern Red Sea correlates strongly with environmental heterogeneity. At
 the scale of a 50-m transect, spatial autocorrelation analyses and
 estimates of full-siblings revealed that there is no deviation from random
 mating. However, at slightly larger scales (100–200 m) encompassing
 multiple transects at a given site, a greater proportion of full-siblings
 was found within sites versus among sites in a given location suggesting
 that mating and/or dispersal are constrained to some extent at this
 spatial scale. This study adds to the growing body of literature
 suggesting that environmental and ecological variables play a major role
 in the genetic structure of marine invertebrate populations.
description: Multilocus Genotypes for
 Stylissa carteriThis data file includes
 the multilocus genotypes for 950 Stylissa carteri individuals. The file is
 formatted in the standard codominant data sheet format from Genalex where
 samples are listed in the first column and site information and loci
 information is listed in the first few rows. Multilocus genotypes are
 composed of 9 independent microsatellite loci. Information regarding loci
 can be found in Giles et al. 2013 Marine Biodiversity. The 950 Stylissa
 carteri (phylum Porifera) individuals come from 36 sample sites in the Red
 Sea and northwest Indian Ocean.Dryad
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f660p
title: Data from: Early bursts of body size and shape evolution are rare in comparative data

description: George Gaylord Simpson famously postulated that much of life's
 diversity originated as adaptive radiations—more or less simultaneous
 divergences of numerous lines from a single ancestral adaptive type.
 However, identifying adaptive radiations has proven difficult due to a
 lack of broad-scale comparative datasets. Here, we use phylogenetic
 comparative data on body size and shape in a diversity of animal clades to
 test a key model of adaptive radiation, in which initially rapid
 morphological evolution is followed by relative stasis. We compared the
 fit of this model to both single selective peak and random walk models. We
 found little support for the early-burst model of adaptive radiation,
 whereas both other models, particularly that of selective peaks, were
 commonly supported. In addition, we found that the net rate of
 morphological evolution varied inversely with clade age. The youngest
 clades appear to evolve most rapidly because long-term change typically
 does not attain the amount of divergence predicted from rates measured
 over short time scales. Across our entire analysis, the dominant pattern
 was one of constraints shaping evolution continually through time rather
 than rapid evolution followed by stasis. We suggest that the classical
 model of adaptive radiation, where morphological evolution is initially
 rapid and slows through time, may be rare in comparative data.
description: Harmonetal2010Data files and r script.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8v3r7
title: Data from: Extinction and recolonization of maritime Antarctica in the limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908) during the last glacial cycle: toward a model of Quaternary biogeography in shallow Antarctic invertebrates

description: Quaternary glaciations in Antarctica drastically modified geographical
 ranges and population sizes of marine benthic invertebrates and thus
 affected the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation.
 Here, we present new genetic information in the Antarctic limpet Nacella
 concinna, a dominant Antarctic benthic species along shallow ice-free
 rocky ecosystems. We examined the patterns of genetic diversity and
 structure in this broadcast spawner along maritime Antarctica and from the
 peri-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Genetic analyses showed that N.
 concinna represents a single panmictic unit in maritime Antarctic. Low
 levels of genetic diversity characterized this population; its
 median-joining haplotype network revealed a typical star-like topology
 with a short genealogy and a dominant haplotype broadly distributed. As
 previously reported with nuclear markers, we detected significant genetic
 differentiation between South Georgia Island and maritime Antarctica
 populations. Higher levels of genetic diversity, a more expanded genealogy
 and the presence of more private haplotypes support the hypothesis of
 glacial persistence in this peri-Antarctic island. Bayesian Skyline plot
 and mismatch distribution analyses recognized an older demographic history
 in South Georgia. Approximate Bayesian computations did not support the
 persistence of N. concinna along maritime Antarctica during the last
 glacial period, but indicated the resilience of the species in
 peri-Antarctic refugia (South Georgia Island). We proposed a model of
 Quaternary Biogeography for Antarctic marine benthic invertebrates with
 shallow and narrow bathymetric ranges including (i) extinction of maritime
 Antarctic populations during glacial periods; (ii) persistence of
 populations in peri-Antarctic refugia; and (iii) recolonization of
 maritime Antarctica following the deglaciation process.
description: COI haplotypes in
 Nacella concinna
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n0vr7d0
title: Data from: Differences in spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity of flight control in the honeybees Apis cerana and Apis mellifera

description: Visually-guided behaviour is constrained by the capacity of the visual
 system to resolve detail. This is, in turn, limited by the spatial
 resolution and contrast sensitivity of the underlying visual system.
 Because these properties are interdependent and vary non-uniformly, it is
 only possible to fully understand the limits of a specific visually guided
 behaviour when they are investigated in combination. To understand the
 visual limits of flight control in bees, which rely heavily on vision to
 control flight, and to explore whether they vary between species, we
 tested how changes in spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity affect
 the speed and position control of the Asian and European honeybees (Apis
 cerana and A. mellifera). Despite their apparent similarity, we found some
 interesting and surprising differences between the visual limits of these
 species. While the effect of spatial frequency and contrast on position
 control is similar between the species, ground speed is differently
 affected by these variables. A comparison with published data from the
 bumblebee Bombus terrestris reveals further differences. The visual
 resolution that limits the detection and use of optic flow for flight
 control in both species of honeybees is lower than previously anatomically
 determined resolution and differs from object detection limits of A.
 mellifera, providing evidence that the limits of spatial resolution and
 contrast sensitivity are highly tuned to the particular behavioural task
 of a species.
description: Mean Flight Data for
 Spatial Frequency and Contrast ExperimentsThis file contains the
 mean flight data (lateral position and 2D ground speed) for each flight in
 each of the experimental conditions presented in the paper. Please note
 that the Bombus terrestris data is taken from Chakravarti et al.
 2017.Chakravarthi et al. 2018
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.32h8t
title: Data from: Integrating molecular, phenotypic and environmental data to elucidate patterns of crocodile hybridization in Belize

description: The genus Crocodylus comprises 12 currently recognized species, many of
 which can be difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Interspecific
 hybridization among crocodiles is known to occur in captivity and has been
 documented between some species in the wild. The identification of hybrid
 individuals is of importance for management and monitoring of
 crocodilians, many of which are Convention on International Trade in
 Endangered Species (CITES) listed. In this study, both mitochondrial and
 nuclear DNA markers were evaluated for their use in confirming a suspected
 hybrid zone between American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) and Morelet’s
 crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) populations in southern Belize where
 individuals and nests exhibiting atypical phenotypic features had
 previously been observed. Patterns observed in both phenotypic and
 molecular data indicate possible behavioural and ecological
 characteristics associated with hybridization events. The results of the
 combined analyses found that the majority of suspected hybrid samples
 represent crosses between female C. acutus and male C. moreletii.
 Phenotypic data could statistically identify hybrids, although
 morphological overlap between hybrids and C. moreletii reduced reliability
 of identification based solely on field characters. Ecologically, C.
 acutus was exclusively found in saline waters, whereas hybrids and C.
 moreletii were largely absent in these conditions. A hypothesized
 correlation between unidirectional hybridization and destruction of C.
 acutus breeding habitats warrants additional research.
description: microsatellite alleles
 for hybrid C. acutus and C. moreletiiMicrosatellite data set
 for 7 loci used for STRUCTURE and NewHybrids analyses.RSOSHekkalaetalmsats.xlsbioclim_and_salinityBioclim data and salinity data for localities in southern Belize where parental C. acutus, C. moreletii and hybrids samples were collected.croc_morphologyMorphometric and scalation data for genetically identified C. acutus, C. moreletii and hybrid crocodiles in southern Belize.Carib12sInterleavedCarib16sInterleavedCaribDloopInterleaved
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.97g9b
title: Data from: Neo-allopatry and rapid reproductive isolation

description: Over the last three centuries many species have been dispersed beyond
 their natural geographic limits by humans, but to our knowledge
 reproductive isolation has not been demonstrated for such neo-allopatric
 species. We grew seeds from three species of Centaurea (C. solstitialis,
 C. calcitrapa, and C. sulphurea) that are native to Spain and have been
 introduced into California, and tested to what extent seed production was
 affected by pollen source. Compared to within- population crosses, seed
 production decreased by 52 and 44 percent when C. solstitialis and C.
 sulphurea from California were pollinated with conspecific pollen from
 native populations in Spain. This implies rapid evolution of reproductive
 isolation between populations in their and native and non-native ranges.
 Whether reproductive isolation has evolved following the introduction of
 other species is unknown, but additional cases are likely considering the
 large number of neo-allopatric species.
description: Seed set for each
 individual capitula and populations listSeed set for each
 individual capitula and populations list for the three Centaurea species
 studied: Centaurea solstitialis, C. calcitrapa and C.
 sulphureaMontesinosetalNeoallopatryTheAmNat.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.17qk1fc
title: Data from: Cross-sex genetic correlations and the evolution of sex-specific local adaptation: insights from classical trait clines in Drosophila melanogaster

description: Natural selection varies widely among locations of a species’ range,
 favouring population divergence and adaptation to local environmental
 conditions. Selection also differs between females and males, favouring
 the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Both forms of within-species
 evolutionary diversification are widely studied, though largely in
 isolation, and it remains unclear whether environmental variability
 typically generates similar or distinct patterns of selection on each sex.
 Studies of sex-specific local adaptation are also challenging because they
 must account for genetic correlations between female and male traits,
 which may lead to correlated patterns of trait divergence between sexes,
 whether or not local selection patterns are aligned or differ between the
 sexes. We quantified sex-specific divergence in five clinally variable
 traits in Drosophila melanogaster that individually vary in their
 magnitude of cross-sex genetic correlation (i.e., from moderate to
 strongly positive). In all five traits, we observed parallel male and
 female clines, regardless of the magnitude of their genetic correlation.
 These patterns imply that parallel spatial divergence of female and male
 traits is a reflection of sexually concordant directional selection
 imposed by local environmental conditions. In such contexts, genetic
 correlations between the sexes promote, rather than constrain, local
 adaptation to a spatially variable environment.
description: Lasne et al. 2018
 DATALasne et
 al. 2018. Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tc88k
title: Data from: Did post-glacial sea-level changes initiate the evolutionary divergence of a Tasmanian endemic raptor from its mainland relative?

description: Populations on continental islands are often distinguishable from mainland
 conspecifics with respect to body size, appearance, behaviour, or life
 history, and this is often congruent with genetic patterns. It is commonly
 assumed that such differences developed following the complete isolation
 of populations by sea level rise following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
 However, population divergence may pre-date the LGM, or marine dispersal
 and colonisation of islands may have occurred more recently; in both
 cases, populations may have also diverged despite on-going gene flow. Here
 we test these alternative hypotheses for the divergence between
 wedge-tailed eagles from mainland Australia (Aquila audax audax) and the
 threatened Tasmanian subspecies (A. a. fleayi), based on variation at 20
 microsatellite loci and mtDNA. Coalescent analyses indicate that
 population divergence appreciably post-dates the severance of terrestrial
 habitat continuity, and occurred without any subsequent gene flow. We
 infer a recent colonisation of Tasmania by marine dispersal, and cannot
 discount founder effects as the cause of differences in body size and life
 history. We call into question the general assumption of post-LGM marine
 transgression as the initiator of divergence of terrestrial lineages on
 continental islands and adjacent mainland, and highlight the range of
 alternative scenarios that should be considered.
description: Museum specimens of
 Aquila audax analysedList of museum specimens
 of Aquila audax analysed geneticallyMuseumCollections.docxMicrosatellite genotypes from Aquila audaxGenepop formatted datafile containing microsatellite genotypes from Aquila audaxFeb2013WTE.txtMitochondrial DNA sequences from Aquila audaxNexus format data file containing mitochondrial control region and ATPase 6&8 DNA sequences from Aquila audaxWTEmtDNA.nex