cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.4231/h08e-ff80
title: Geometric Spacecraft Formations Establishment Animations

description: &lt;p&gt;These animations illustrate the performance of a control algorithm based on artificial potential function and relative orbital elements methodologies. Three geometric spacecraft formations are designed and established and the visual inspection of an on-orbit structure is presented. The orbital dynamics model used for the numerical simulation of these scenarios includes geopotential perturbations (J&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to J&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;), atmospheric drag (NRLMSISE-00 model), solar radiation pressure, and three-body effects (Moon and Sun). The inertial states of the spacecraft are propagated and the relative positions are transformed into the Local-Vertical, Local-Horizontal (or Hill) reference frame.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Files&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;hexagonal_lattices.mp4: Establishment of a 37-spacecraft formation composed of two hexagonal lattices. The chief is on a 500 km altitude, 30˚ inclination circular orbit. The average delta-V is 3.1 m/s per spacecraft.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;tetrahedron.mp4: Establishment of a 4-spacecraft formation arranged in a tetrahedron shape. This scenario illustrates the limitations of the control algorithm when used with relative positions that require constant actuation. The average delta-V is 19 m/s per spacecraft.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;triangular_lattice.mp4: Establishment of a 10-spacecraft triangular lattice. The average delta-V is 6.7 m/s per spacecraft.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;visual_inspection.mp4: Visual inspection of a structure on a 700 km altitude, 80˚ inclination circular orbit. The total delta-V of this scenario is 2.8 m/s.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
description: Animations of the establishment of different geometric spacecraft formations using a control algorithm based on artificial potential function and relative orbital elements methodologies.
DOI: 10.4231/fyfn-1z68
title: Rising methane emissions from boreal lakes due to increasing ice-free days

description: &lt;p&gt;The ALBM model simulation data can be found in RCP4.5.zip and RCP8.5.zip. The lake information can be found in Lakefile.zip which is necessary for data analysis. File codes.zip contains the R and Matlab codes used to process raw model output, analysis processed data and make plots.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lakes account for about 10% of the boreal landscape and are responsible for approximately 30% of biogenic methane emissions that have been found to increase under changing climate. However, the quantification of this climate-sensitive methane source is fraught with large uncertainty under warming climate conditions. Only a few studies have addressed the mechanism of climate impact on the increase of northern lake methane emissions. This study uses a large observational dataset of lake methane concentrations in Finland to constrain methane emissions with an extant process-based lake biogeochemical model. We found that the total current diffusive emission from Finnish lakes is 0.12&plusmn;0.03 Tg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and will increase by 26-59% by the end of this century depending on different warming scenarios. We discover that while warming lake water and sediment temperature plays an important role, the climate impact on ice-on periods is a key indicator of future emissions. We conclude that these boreal lakes remain a significant methane source under the warming climate within this century.&lt;/p&gt;
description: This publication includes model output of a lake biogeochemistry model ALBM, and data analysis codes which were used for paper 'Rising methane emissions from boreal lakes due to increasing ice-free days' by Guo et al. in Environmental Research...
DOI: 10.4231/fm0p-aj03
title: Monitored soil moisture and temperature in Indiana crop rotated field

description: &lt;p&gt;Soil moisture (m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) and temperature (&deg;C) were measured at 10-minute intervals at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm in a crop rotated field in West Lafayette, IN (40.48128&deg;, -87.00031&deg;). Data were collected from water years 2018 to 2020. Data were screened to ensure quality of data and no gaps in time-series. Null data values were replaced with -9999 when sensors were not recording data. For instance, sensors were turned off intermittently during harvest of the 2018 water year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Soil Moisture Content (SMC) and soil temperature were collected with a Decagon (METER Group) 5TM sensor. The SMC represents the liquid content in the soil that can experience freezing. The SMC measurements range from 0.0 to 1.0 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;  with a resolution of 0.0008 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; from 0.0 to 0.50 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. The temperature measurements range from -40&deg;C to +60&deg;C with a resolution of 0.1&deg;C. Data were stored on an Em50 data logger and offloaded weekly. &lt;/p&gt;
description: Soil moisture and temperature data were collected at five different depths from October 2017 to September 2020 in a crop rotated field.
DOI: 10.4231/mqzz-cn91
title: Method for Fabricating Depth-Specific TEM in situ Tensile Bars

description: &lt;p&gt;Two Fe-Mo TEM in situ push to pull tensile samples were produced and tested to demonstrate a method to produce push to pull tensile samples that target depth specific ROIs such as ion irradiated layers&lt;/p&gt;
description: A method to produce depth specific TEM in situ push to pull tensile bars to target depth specific ROIs
DOI: 10.4231/gce5-zy59
title: Distributional shifts of regional forest communities in the eastern United States

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Forest ecosystems have been impacted by climate change, resulting in species-level tree migration.  However, little is known about climate change impacts at the community level.  Here, we assess changes to forest communities at three scales: within community changes in species composition, individual community spatial shifts, and changes across all communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eastern United States&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Major taxa studied&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Forest tree species&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Using a region-wide forest inventory dataset from the USDA Forest Service&rsquo;s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program with over 70,000 plots, we identified forest communities using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation method. We analyzed species composition changes within communities and assessed community-level spatial shifts over the last three decades to quantify individual community responses to climate change.  We utilized the distribution of forest communities across historic climate conditions to predict where the communities could migrate during the study period and compared climate-predicted shifts to observed community shifts.  Changes across all communities were modeled as a function of climate and non-climate variables using generalized linear mixed-effects models.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We identified 12 regional forest communities of the eastern United States, which varied in their stability of species composition over the study period. All communities experienced a relatively short yet significant shift in their spatial distribution (median = 8.0 km dec&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;).  Historic climate and changes in seasonal temperature variability were the best predictors of change across all communities. However, the distance and direction of individual community migration was poorly predicted by climate change, and the observed direction was often opposite of the predicted direction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Forest communities shifted their distributions over the last three decades, but climate change outpaced the rate of community migration.  Slow responses to climate change may indicate lags between climate change and responses of forest communities, leading to the inability to change at a rate commensurate with changing climate.&lt;/p&gt;
description: This dataset contains the distribution of forest communities across the eastern United States at T1 (1980-1995) and T2 (2015-2017) and the species comprising these communities.
DOI: 10.4231/d6r9-vd88
title: Temporal dynamics and drivers of landscape-level spread by emerald ash borer

description: &lt;p&gt;From publication Abstract:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;1. Non-native insects pose threats to forest health and often spread via stratified dispersal in which long-distance jumps cause elevated rates of range expansion. Quantifying patterns and developing models of spread is central to understanding drivers of invasion and forecasting future invasions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2. We investigated the utility of models for characterizing and predicting spread of emerald ash borer (EAB), quantified temporal dynamics of spread, and identified correlates of county-level invasion risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;3. We estimated rates and frequency of EAB spread and length of long-distance jumps throughout the contiguous USA from 1997-2018 and compared observed patterns with model predictions. A time-to-event model was then developed at the county-level to assess the influence of habitat characteristics and propagule pressure on invasion risk. The final model was used to forecast invasion risk across the contiguous USA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;4. Range expansion by EAB accorded well with model predictions. Following the initial establishment phase, range expansion rates were biphasic, shifting to a faster, linear pattern around 2002 and then declining from 2015 onwards. From 2003 onwards, EAB invaded 6 &ndash; 134 new counties per year, including a mean of 14 discrete jumps per year averaging 93 &plusmn; 7 SE km.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;5. Risk of spread was positively associated with proximity to previously invaded areas, human population density, and densities of ash and non-ash forest trees but negatively associated with temperature.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Synthesis and applications &lt;/em&gt;At the regional level, the invasion by EAB appears to be entering the saturation phase, indicating that most high-risk counties in the eastern USA have been invaded. Even though spread has recently slowed, counties in close proximity to invaded areas and that have high densities of humans and trees are at the greatest risk of becoming invaded. Taken together, our findings provide insight into historical and future dynamics of range expansion by EAB, which can be used to guide risk assessments for potential invaders capable of frequent long-distance dispersal&lt;/p&gt;
description: Analysis of spread by emerald ash borer in the contiguous USA.
DOI: 10.4231/rp5c-p425
title: Economic Dimensions of Global Cartels, Detected 1990-2017: Food and Agriculture Markets

description: &lt;p&gt;The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set comprises the largest collection of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The total sample encompasses 1305 private hard-core cartels that were discovered between January 1990 and December 2017. This subset covers the &lt;i&gt;global &lt;/i&gt;cartels (those that fixed prices across two or more continents) in the food and agriculture industry detected between 1990 and 2017. This spreadsheet contains a list of economic data (firm numbers, duration, affected sales, and cartel overcharges) The overcharges are derived from a published paper that surveys more than 700 published economic studies and judicial decisions from which were extracted more than 2,000 quantitative estimates of overcharges of hard-core cartels. The second spreadsheet (Private Intl Cartels Table A7 PURR 2020-01-09.xlsx) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The dataset documents the global size, economic impacts, and anti-cartel enforcement of contemporary private international cartels and the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities and national courts (excluding appeals). The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. Government or private legal actions (i.e., formal investigations, damages suits, fines, or consent decrees) are recorded up to August 2019. Monetary data are expressed in nominal U.S. dollars, using exchange rates during the cartel&rsquo;s life or the day a legal action was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set comprises the largest collection of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. This subset of covers the global cartels in the food and agriculture industries between 1990 and...
DOI: 10.4231/7km4-5m78
title: Economic Dimensions of EU Cartels, Detected by the EC in 1990-2017: Food and Agriculture Markets

description: &lt;p&gt;The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set is the largest repository of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The total sample encompasses 1305 private hard-core cartels that were discovered between January 1990 and December 2017. This spreadsheet covers cartels in food and agriculture industries detected by the European Commission (EC) between 1990 and 2017. Each cartel had participants with headquarters in two or more Member States of the EU. The second spreadsheet (&lt;span class="item-title" id="file-62734"&gt;Private Intl Cartels Table A8 PURR 2020-01-09.xlsx&lt;/span&gt;) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. The dataset documents the global size, economic impacts, and anti-cartel enforcement of contemporary private international cartels and the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities and national courts (excluding appeals). The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. Government or private legal actions (i.e., formal investigations, damages suits, fines, or consent decrees) are recorded up to August 2019. Monetary data are expressed in nominal U.S. dollars, using exchange rates during the cartel&rsquo;s life or the day a legal action was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set is a repository of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. This subset covers cartels in food and agriculture industries detected by the EC.
DOI: 10.4231/bsfm-h696
title: Economic Dimensions of Cartels Operating in Single, Non-EU Jurisdictions, Detected 1979-2017: Food and Agriculture Markets

description: &lt;p&gt;The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set is the largest repository of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The total sample encompasses 1305 private hard-core cartels that were discovered between January 1990 and December 2017. This spreadsheet covers cartels in food and agriculture industries, other than global cartels or those detected by the European Commission (EC) between 1990 and 2017. The second spreadsheet (Private Intl Cartels Table A9 PURR 2020-01-16.xlsx) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. The dataset documents the global size, economic impacts, and anti-cartel enforcement of contemporary private international cartels and the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities and national courts (excluding appeals). The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. Government or private legal actions (i.e., formal investigations, damages suits, fines, or consent decrees) are recorded up to August 2019. Monetary data are expressed in nominal U.S. dollars, using exchange rates during the cartel&rsquo;s life or the day a legal action was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set comprises the largest collection of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. This subset of covers the global cartels in the food and agriculture Industry between 1990-2012.
DOI: 10.4231/d7ec-mw59
title: Economic Dimensions of Global Cartels, Detected 1990-2017: Non- Food and Agriculture Markets

description: &lt;p&gt;The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set comprises the largest collection of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The total sample encompasses 1305 private hard-core cartels that were discovered between January 1990 and December 2017. This subset of covers the &lt;i&gt;global &lt;/i&gt;cartels (those that fixed prices across two or more continents) &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; in the food and agriculture Industry detected between 1990 and 2012. This spreadsheet contains a list of economic data (firm numbers, duration, affected sales, and cartel overcharges) The overcharges are derived from a published paper that surveys more than 700 published economic studies and judicial decisions from which were extracted more than 2,000 quantitative estimates of overcharges of hard-core cartels. The second spreadsheet (&lt;span class="item-title" id="file-62738"&gt;Private Intl Cartels Table A10 PURR 2020-01-16.xlsx&lt;/span&gt;) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The second spreadsheet (see 6/ below) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The dataset documents the global size, economic impacts, and anti-cartel enforcement of contemporary private international cartels and the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities and national courts (excluding appeals). The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. Government or private legal actions (i.e., formal investigations, damages suits, fines, or consent decrees) are recorded up to August 2019. Monetary data are expressed in nominal U.S. dollars, using exchange rates during the cartel&rsquo;s life or the day a legal action was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The Private International Cartels (PIC) dataset comprises the largest collection of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The subset covers the global cartels outside of the food and agriculture industries between 1990...
DOI: 10.4231/mg6g-mw23
title: Economic Dimensions of EU Cartels, Detected by the EC in 1990-2017: Food and Agriculture Markets

description: &lt;p&gt;The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set is the largest repository of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The total sample encompasses 1305 private hard-core cartels that were discovered between January 1990 and December 2017. This spreadsheet of covers cartels &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; in food and agriculture industries detected by the European Commission (EC) between 1990 and 2017. Each cartel had participants with headquarters in two or more Member States of the EU. The second spreadsheet (&lt;span class="item-title" id="file-62740"&gt;Private Intl Cartels Table A11 PURR 2020-01-09.xlsx&lt;/span&gt;) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. The dataset documents the global size, economic impacts, and anti-cartel enforcement of contemporary private international cartels and the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities and national courts (excluding appeals). The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. Government or private legal actions (i.e., formal investigations, damages suits, fines, or consent decrees) are recorded up to August 2019. Monetary data are expressed in nominal U.S. dollars, using exchange rates during the cartel&rsquo;s life or the day a legal action was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set is a repository of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. This subset covers cartels outside of the food and agriculture industries detected by the EC.
DOI: 10.4231/08we-qe52
title: Economic Dimensions of Cartels Operating in Single, Non-EU Jurisdictions, Detected 1979-2017: Non-Agricultural Products

description: &lt;p&gt;The Private International Cartels (PIC) Data Set is the largest repository of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The total sample encompasses 1305 private hard-core cartels that were discovered between January 1990 and December 2017. This spreadsheet covers non-global cartels outside of the food and agriculture industries that were detected by jurisdictions other than the European Commission (EC). The second spreadsheet (&lt;span class="item-title" id="file-62743"&gt;Private Intl Cartels Table A12 PURR 2020-01-16.xlsx&lt;/span&gt;) lists legal information on each member of the cartel, such as dates of litigation, the company names, executives&rsquo; names, and the penalties levelled against the cartelists by all of the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities. The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. The dataset documents the global size, economic impacts, and anti-cartel enforcement of contemporary private international cartels and the world&rsquo;s antitrust authorities and national courts (excluding appeals). The sample is believed to be a reasonably complete list of all discovered contemporary private international cartels in jurisdictions that have a well maintained antitrust-authority Web sites. Government or private legal actions (i.e., formal investigations, damages suits, fines, or consent decrees) are recorded up to August 2019. Monetary data are expressed in nominal U.S. dollars, using exchange rates during the cartel&rsquo;s life or the day a legal action was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
description: The Private International Cartels (PIC) is collection of legal-economic information on contemporary price-fixing cartels. The subset covers non-global cartels in the food and agriculture industries detected by jurisdiction other than the EC.