DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2547d7wzz
title: Data from: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of species’ range limits

description: Understanding what processes shape the formation of species’ geographic
 range limits is one central objective linking ecology and evolutionary
 biology. One potentially key process is sexual selection; yet, theory
 examining how sexual selection could shape eco-evolutionary dynamics in
 marginal populations is still lacking. In species with separate sexes,
 range limits could be shaped by limitations in encountering mates at low
 densities. Sexual selection could therefore modulate mate limitation and
 resulting extinction-colonisation dynamics at range margins, through the
 evolution of mate encounter ability and/or mate competition traits, and
 their demographic consequences. We use a spatially explicit eco-genetic
 model to reveal how different forms of sexual selection can variably
 affect emerging range limits. Here, we provide simulation output of the
 eco-genetic individual-based model to produce article Figures 2, 3, 4, and
 5.
description: Data were simulated using an eco-genetic individual-based model
 with the source code provided under Related Works.
description: # Data from: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of
 species’ range limits [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2547d7wzz
 ](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2547d7wzz) The dataset contains simulation
 output presented in the article: Sexual selection and mate limitation
 shape evolution of species’ range limits. ## Data includes two types of
 .txt files: 1. **[Simulation Number]_Para.txt** = Parameter files that
 specify parametrization of the model 2. **[Simulation Number]_Pops.txt** =
 Population files that contain demographic and trait variables ## Variable
 names explained: Parameter names follow the description in the
 parameters.h file located in the Related Works section. ### a) \_Para.txt
 files SimNr: Simulation Number or ID rep: Replicate simulation gen:
 Generation maxK: Maximum carrying capacity at range core (see Table S1 in
 SI) slopeK: Slope of the gradient in carrying capacity (see Table S1 in
 SI) patch_size: Area of each subpopulation (see Table S1 in SI) ME_Nloci:
 Number of diploid loci for mate encounter trait (see Table S1 in SI)
 ME_intVar: initial genotypic variance for mate encounter trait (see Table
 S1 in SI) ME_mean: initial genotypic mean for mate encounter trait (see
 Table S1 in SI) ME_std: standard variation in mate encounter of normal
 distribution (translates to variance in mutational effects in Table S1 in
 SI) ME_dimorphism: dimorphism in mate encounter trait; adjusts expression
 of trait in females: 0 = no expression, 1= the same as males ME_mut_on:
 whether mate encounter trait mutates ME_mut_prob: mutation probability of
 mate encounter trait ME_upp_threshold: threshold the phenotype MC_Nloci:
 Number of diploid loci for mate competition trait (see Table S1 in SI)
 MC_intVar: initial genotypic variance for mate competition trait (see
 Table S1 in SI) MC_mean: initial genotypic mean for mate competition trait
 (see Table S1 in SI) MC_std: standard variation in mate competition of
 normal distribution (translates to variance in mutational effects in Table
 S1 in SI) MC_dimorphism: dimorphism in mate competition trait; adjusts
 expression of the trait in females: 0 = no expression, 1= the same as
 males. MC_mut_on: whether mate competition trait mutates MC_mut_prob:
 mutation probability of mate competition trait MC_upp_threshold: threshold
 the phenotype w_ME: strength of selection (see Table S1 in SI) optimum_ME:
 naturally selected optimum for mate encounter (see Table S1 in SI) w_MC:
 strength of selection (see Table S1 in SI) optimum_MC: naturally selected
 optimum for mate competition (see Table S1 in SI) pre_dispersal: whether
 dispersal occurs before survival; 0= pre-dispersal, 1= post-dispersal
 disp_cost: cost of dispersal in terms of reduced survival probability
 disp_distance: mean dispersal distance on continuous space next_neighbour:
 whether next neighbor dispersal occurs max_beta: competition parameter
 (called alpha in Table S1 in SI) beta_gradient: gradient in competition
 parameter fecundity_cost: determines whether females bear a fecundity cost
 for encountering males rec_prob: recombination probability per loci
 monogamy: whether males mate only once (females always mate only once in
 this model) control_types: 0 = run normal sims, 1= mate encounter
 probability depends on area (1/A), 2= mate encounter probability is
 independent of area and trait pop_output: whether output population data
 ind_output: whether output individual data ind_interval: generation
 interval for individual output sel_output: whether output selection data
 ### b) \_Pops.txt files rep: Replicate simulation gen: Generation x: X
 coordinate y: Y coordinate k: Carrying Capacity beta: Competition paramter
 nf: Number of females nm: Number of males m_gme: mean genotypic value mate
 encounter v_gme: genotypic variance value mate encounter m_gmc: mean
 genotypic value mate competition v_gmc: genotypic variance value mate
 competition cov: Covariance between ME and MC prop_funmated: Proportion of
 unmated females m_emig: male emigrants per generation f_emig: female
 emigrant per generation m_imig: male immigrant individuals per generation
 f_imig: female immigrant individuals per generation