DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrx4
title: Order of arrival and nutrient supply alter outcomes of coinfection with two fungal pathogens

description: A pathogen arriving on a host typically encounters a diverse community of
 microbes that can shape priority effects, other within-host interactions,
 and infection outcomes. In plants, environmental nutrients can drive
 tradeoffs between host growth and defense and can mediate interactions
 between coinfecting pathogens. Nutrients may thus alter the outcome of
 pathogen priority effects for the host, but this possibility has received
 little experimental investigation. To disentangle the relationship between
 nutrient availability and coinfection dynamics, we factorially manipulated
 nutrient availability and order of arrival of two foliar fungal pathogens
 (Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum cereale) on the host grass tall
 fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and tracked disease outcomes. Overall, C.
 cereale infection facilitated infection by R. solani, increasing its
 infection rate regardless of the order of inoculation. Additionally,
 simultaneous and C. cereale-first inoculations decreased plant growth and
 – in plants that did not receive nutrient addition – increased leaf
 nitrogen concentrations compared to uninoculated plants. Nutrient addition
 did not influence infection rates, severity of infection, or plant
 biomass. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the
 intricate associations between the order of pathogen arrival, host
 nutrient availability, and host defense to better predict infection
 outcomes.
description: # Order of arrival and nutrient supply alter outcomes of coinfection with
 two fungal pathogens
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrx4](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrx4) ## Description of the data and file structure This project includes two data files that are used in the provided code. NA is not applicable. plant_traits.csv - includes plant biomass, leaf N, CN, and area. See the metadata tab for a description of each data column. leaf_survey.csv - a survey of infection on inoculated leaves across survey dates. See the metadata tab for a description of each data column. ### plant\_traits.csv * PlantID - unique identifier * Nutrients - N-P-K nutrient treatment (L = low (50ppm), H = high (150ppm)) * Inoculation - inoculation treatment * Biomass - dried above ground biomass (g) * Rhiz_inoc_date - Date of *R. solani* inoculation * Col_inoc_date - Date of *C. cereale* inoculation * Epichloe - presence of *Epichloë coenophiala* endophyte * chamber - location of plant during experiment (GC1 = growth chamber 1, GC2 = growth chamber 2, GR = grow room) * collection.date - day of harvest * leaf_ID - unique leaf ID for inoculated and uninoculated leaves from the same plant * leaf_mass_g - dried leaf mass (g) * N - total leaf nitrogen (%) * C - total leaf carbon (%) * CN - C:N ratio ### leaf\_survey.csv * PlantID - unique identifier * Nutrients - N-P-K nutrient treatment (L = low (50ppm), H = high (150ppm)) * Inoculation - inoculation treatment * Biomass - dried above ground biomass (g) * Rhiz_inoc_date - Date of *R. solani* inoculation * Col_inoc_date - Date of *C. cereale* inoculation * Epichloe - presence of *Epichloë coenophiala* endophyte * chamber - location of plant during experiment (GC1 = growth chamber 1, GC2 = growth chamber 2, GR = grow room) * Date - survey date * Rhiz - presence/absence of *R. solani* lesion * RhizLength - combined length of *R. solani* lesions (mm) * Coll - presence/absence of *C. cereale* lesions * CollLength - combined length of *C. cereale* lesions (mm) * notes - any notes of other damage or uncertainty