DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zw3r228hr
title: Data from: Leaving the shadows behind? Effects of domestic workers reform on mothers’ formal employment

description: The study "Leaving the Shadows Behind? Effects of Domestic Workers
 Reform on Mothers' Formal Employment" attempts to answer the
 question: What happens when new labor regulations are implemented and
 enforced while a welfare cash transfer is already in place? It does so by
 analyzing the effects on employment and formality resulting from the
 introduction of Argentine National Law 26.844 ('Private Homes
 Employee's Regime') in April 2013, differentiated by the age of
 the domestic worker's youngest child. The data source for this
 analysis comes from the Argentinean National Household Survey (EPH, for
 its name in Spanish) for the period 2010-2015. The EPH is collected by the
 National Institute of Statistics (INDEC) and contains quarterly individual
 and household microdata for 32 urban areas representing 62 percent of the
 country's total population (Garganta and Gasparini, 2015). The EPH
 follows a rotation scheme in which a household in a certain area enters
 the sample for two quarters in a row, retires for the next two quarters,
 and returns for two more quarters. In this case, the panel structure of
 the survey was not exploited because of the small number of domestic
 workers sampled before and after the reform. As such, each quarterly
 observation is used as a repeated cross-section with standard errors
 clustered in the urban area. The final sample consists of women aged
 between 18 and 59 years who are Argentinean residents, mothers with
 children in the household, either single or married to an unregistered
 spouse and who self-identify as domestic workers. The former means that
 the woman states that domestic work is either her main activity or, if
 unemployed, that her last occupation is domestic work. The EPH contains
 detailed self-reported information on domestic workers living in their own
 dwellings, including their household and job characteristics. Domestic
 workers who co-reside with their employers are excluded from this analysis
 because they represent a small number of observations in the sample and
 because no household information is available for them. The sample also
 excludes workers who (if employed) have been working for the same employer
 for more than 25 years, and those who work for over 50 hours per week. The
 previous is an attempt to make the groups of domestic workers with
 children below 18 years old and with children 18 years old or above more
 comparable. 
description: The data used in this study were obtained from sources in the
 public domain: EPH. “Microdatos y Documentos 2003–2015.” & "
 “Microdatos y Documentos 2016–2018.”
 https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Institu cional- Indec-
 BasesDeDatos. Data files at the Individual and
 Household level were downloaded from the National Institute of Statistics
 (INDEC) and processed using Stata 14. See directions to download these
 data in the README. 
description: # Boruchowicz "Leaving the Shadows Behind? Effects of Domestic
 Workers Reform on Mothers' Formal Employment"
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zw3r228hr](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zw3r228hr) ## Description of the data and file structure Due to licensing restrictions, the raw data is not included here, but instructions to download it are included.  To download raw data: 1\) Download EPH data from the INDEC site ([https://sitioanterior.indec.gob.ar/bases-de-datos.asp): ](https://sitioanterior.indec.gob.ar/bases-de-datos.asp) a) Go to "Microdatos y Documentos 2003-2015" under Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) b) Go to "Bases de microdatos" c) One by one, select from years 2003, 2004, ..., 2015 d) In each year, download one by one quarterly data from the link that reads "Formato Stata". For example, for the year 2013 select "Formato Stata" for "Primer trimestre" for quarter one, select "Formato Stata" for "Segundo trimestre" for quarter two, select "Formato Stata" for "Tercer trimestre" for quarter three and select "Formato Stata" for "Cuarto trimestre" for quarter four. The previous will give you two files: one at the individual level (for example, for quarter two of 2013 it will read 'Individual_t213') and one at the household level (for example, for quarter two of 2013 it will read 'Hogar_t213') e) Go to "Microdatos y Documentos 2016-2018" under Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) f) Go to "Bases de microdatos" g) Go to " Base Individual y hogar. Total aglomerados , total interior, aglomerados de más y menos de 500.000 habitantes y cada aglomerado de EPH. Segundo trimestre 2016." and download "Formato xls" for quarter two of 2016. Repeat for "Tercer trimestre 2016" (quarter three, 2016); "Cuarto trimestre 2016" (quarter four, 2016); "Primer trimestre 2017" (quarter one, 2017); "Segundo trimestre 2017" (quarter two, 2017); "Tercer trimestre 2017" (quarter three, 2017); "Cuarto trimestre 2017" (quarter four, 2017). The previous will give you two files: one at the individual level (for example, for quarter two of 2016 it will read 'usuindividualT216') and one at the household level (for example, for quarter two of 2016 it will read 'usuHogart216') To prepare raw data: 1\) Save all downloaded files in the same folder  2\) Change your Stata working directory to the folder where you saved all the data 3\) Run 'Boruchowicz_DOFILE1'. With this code you will be able to: i) Import .xls files into Stata; ii) Create one Stata file per quarter with all Individual level data; iii) Create one Stata file with all Household level data (all years, all quarters) 4\) Run 'Boruchowicz_DOFILE2'. With this code you will be able to: i) Create the variables used in the study (including a variable that links women to their dependent children and to their spouse); ii) Create a Stata file at the women level (for all years, all quarters) that also contains merged household level data 5\) Run 'Boruchowicz_DOFILE3'. With this code you will be able to: i) Create the variables related to domestic workers; ii) Identify the variables 'After' and 'Child', which are the main ones used in the analysis; iii) Create one Stata file titled "Boruchowicz_database" which is the main one used for the study To replicate Figures and Tables 1\) Run 'Boruchowicz_DOFILE4' to replicate figures and tables on the study (including those in the supplementary online appendix) ### Files and variables #### File: BORUCHOWICZ\_DOFILE1 **Description:** With this code you will be able to: i) Import .xls files into Stata; ii) Create one Stata file per quarter with all Individual level data; iii) Create one Stata file with all Household level data (all years, all quarters) #### File: BORUCHOWICZ\_DOFILE2 **Description:** With this code you will be able to: i) Create the variables used in the study (including a variable that links women to their dependent children and to their spouse); ii) Create a Stata file at the women level (for all years, all quarters) that also contains merged household level data #### File: BORUCHOWICZ\_DOFILE3 **Description:** With this code you will be able to: i) Create the variables related to domestic workers; ii) Identify the variables 'After' (second quarter 2013 onwards) and 'Child' (having a dependent under 18 years old), which are the main ones used in the analysis; iii) Create one Stata file titled "Boruchowicz_database" which is the main one used for the study #### File: BORUCHOWICZ\_DOFILE4 **Description:** With this code you will be able to replicate figures and tables on the study (including those in the supplementary online appendix) ## Code/software Data for this study was processed using Stata 14.  Please be sure to save all downloaded data in the same folder, and use that folder as the working directory when running the Do Files.  ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * N/A Data was derived from the following sources: * [https://sitioanterior.indec.gob.ar/bases-de-datos.asp](https://sitioanterior.indec.gob.ar/bases-de-datos.asp)