DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxppd9
title: Management scale drives bee and forb biodiversity patterns in suburban green spaces

description: Land management can occur at very small scales, such as in individual home
 gardens, and at very large scales, such as at the municipal scale or
 beyond. The scale of management can affect environmental heterogeneity and
 thus can affect biodiversity at alpha, beta, and gamma scales. Urban areas
 provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of large- versus
 small-scale land management on different scales of biodiversity. We
 surveyed floral resources and bees in residential backyards and powerline
 corridors in the Chicago suburbs, with yards representing small-scale
 management and powerline corridors representing large-scale management. We
 calculated alpha diversity, beta diversity, and gamma diversity for both
 floral and bee species. We also determined absolute nestedness for
 corridors and neighborhoods to gain further insight into the effects of
 management on species composition. We found that beta diversity for both
 floral resources and bees was highest in response to small-scale yard
 management and its creation of heterogeneous landscapes, while alpha and
 gamma diversity tended to be lower in yards compared to the powerline
 corridors. We also found that the floral resource and bee communities
 demonstrated absolute nestedness in both powerline corridors and
 residential neighborhoods, respectively. Our results indicate that taxa
 may respond to the effects of management scale differently owing to
 variations in their mobility or resource requirements. Our study results
 demonstrate that suburban residential areas may be prime targets for
 biodiversity conservation due to their environmental heterogeneity.
description: Data were collected in 5m X 5m sampling modules in powerline
 corridors and residential backyards. Floral resource surveys were
 conducted by a single observer who counted all open/blooming floral units
 visible within the sampling module and identified them to the lowest
 possible taxonomic level. Timed pollinator observations were conducted by
 a single observer who spent 5 minutes observing each half of the sampling
 module, counting any visible bees in the module during that time and
 identifying them to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Bee bowls were
 set out for ~24 hours in arrays of 6 bowls laid in a diagonal transect
 within each sampling module. Each bee bowl transect included 2 white,
 blue, and yellow bowls, and no two bowls of the same color were placed
 immediately adjacent to one another in the transect. Bowls were filled
 with a dilute soap solution. Bees captured in bee bowls were stored in 70%
 ethanol until lab processing, at which point they were washed, rinsed,
 dried, and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level.
description: # Management scale drives bee and forb biodiversity patterns in suburban
 green spaces
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m0cfxppd9](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m0cfxppd9) ## Description of the data and file structure Files include data for floral resource surveys and bee surveys (collected via both Pollard walks and pan traps) as well as an R-markdown file of the code used to analyze the data. ### Files and variables #### File: Hosler\_21\_Plants.xlsx **Description:** Floral resource data by site for 2021. ##### Variables * Code: The alphanumeric code for each sampling module: the first 2 letters indicate one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge); the 3rd letter indicates the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield); the 4th letter indicates the management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential); the number(s) indicates which sampling module within that site #### File: Hosler\_22\_Plants.xlsx **Description:** Floral resource data by site for 2022. ##### Variables * Module: The numeric code indicating each individual sampling module within a site. #### File: Hosler\_Combined\_Data.xlsx **Description:** Floral resource and bee data for both 2021 and 2022 with sites as rows. ##### Variables * Code or Site: The 4-letter code for each site: the first 2 letters indicate one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge); the 3rd letter indicates the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield); the 4th letter indicates the management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential) * Cluster: The 2-letter code for one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge) * Type: The single letter code for the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield) * Site: The single letter code for management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential) #### File: Hosler\_Bees.xlsx **Description:** Bee data for both 2021 and 2022 are separated by site. ##### Variables * Code: The alphanumeric code for each sampling module: the first 2 letters indicate one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge); the 3rd letter indicates the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield); the 4th letter indicates the management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential); the number(s) indicates which sampling module within that site #### File: Hosler\_Biodiversity\_Analyses.Rmd **Description:** R-markdown file of code used to analyze data. ## Code/software Analyses are run in RStudio using an R-markdown file. Required packages include betapart, vegan, glmmTMB, lme4, and cv. Additional analyses were run using the Nestedness for Dummies website.