cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127577.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Spectral Tuning in the Eyes of Deep-Sea Lanternfishes (Myctophidae): A Novel Sexually Dimorphic Intra-Ocular Filter

description: Deep-sea fishes possess several adaptations to facilitate vision where light detection is pushed to its limit. Lanternfishes (Myctophidae), one of the world's most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes, possess a novel and unique visual specialisation, a sexually dimorphic photostable yellow pigmentation, constituting the first record of a visual sexual dimorphism in any non-primate vertebrate. The topographic distribution of the yellow pigmentation across the retina is species specific, varying in location, shape and size. Spectrophotometric analyses reveal that this new retinal specialisation differs between species in terms of composition and acts as a filter, absorbing maximally between 356 and 443 nm. Microspectrophotometry and molecular analyses indicate that the species containing this pigmentation also possess at least 2 spectrally distinct rod visual pigments as a result of a duplication of the <i>Rh1</i> opsin gene. After modelling the effect of the yellow pigmentation on photoreceptor spectral sensitivity, we suggest that this unique specialisation acts as a filter to enhance contrast, thereby improving the detection of bioluminescent emissions and possibly fluorescence in the extreme environment of the deep sea. The fact that this yellow pigmentation is species specific, sexually dimorphic and isolated within specific parts of the retina indicates an evolutionary pressure to visualise prey/predators/mates in a particular part of each species' visual field.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127565
title: Supplementary Material for: Ultrasound-Guided Retrieval and Position Replacement of a Dislodged Fetal Pleuro-Amniotic Shunt: A Novel Approach for a Known Complication of Feto-Amniotic Shunting

description: Untreated fetal pleural effusion can cause significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Treatment of pleural effusions with pleuro-amniotic shunting has been shown to improve outcomes. Pleuro-amniotic shunting is associated with complications including ruptured membranes, preterm labor and shunt dislodgement into either the amniotic cavity or the fetal thorax. Shunt dislodgement into the thoracic cavity can cause prenatal complications from the shunt itself or may necessitate neonatal surgery for removal. We present a case where a novel ultrasound-guided technique was used to replace the dislodged pleural shunt in utero, thereby effectively draining the effusion while simultaneously obviating the need for neonatal surgery and decreasing possible perinatal complications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127583.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: An Intervention Study of Individual, apoE Genotype-Based Dietary and Physical-Activity Advice: Impact on Health Behavior

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To assess the behavioral effects of receiving personal genetic information, using apoE genotypes as a tool for promoting lifestyle changes. apoE was chosen because it has a significant impact on lipid metabolism and cholesterol absorption, both factors in cardiovascular disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was a 1-year intervention study of healthy adults aged 20-67 years (n = 107). Their behavioral changes were measured by diet (e.g., fat quality, as well as consumption of vegetables, berries, fruits, and fatty and sugary foods), alcohol consumption, and exercise. Health and taste attitudes were assessed with the Health and Taste Attitude Scales (HTAS). The measurements were performed 4 times: at baseline (T0), as well as 10 weeks (T1), 6 months (T2), and 12 months after baseline (T3). These behavioral effects were assessed for three groups: a high-risk (Ɛ4+; n = 16), a low-risk (Ɛ4-; n = 35), and a control group (n = 56). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Personal genetic information affected health behavior. Dietary fat quality improved more in the Ɛ4+ group than in the Ɛ4- and control groups after personal, genotype-based health advice. This change differed significantly between the Ɛ4+ and the control group (p &lt; 0.05), but only for a short time. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Personal genetic information, based on apoE, may affect dietary fat quality. More research is required to determine how to utilize genotype-based health information and how to efficiently achieve long-term changes in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127559
title: Supplementary Material for: Estimated GFR Is Biased by Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on either cystatin C or creatinine performs similarly in estimating measured GFR, but associate differently with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This could be due to confounding by non-GFR-related traits associated with cystatin C and creatinine levels. We investigated non-GFR-related associations between eGFR and two types of nontraditional risk factors for CVD and death: L-arginine/dimethylarginine metabolism and insulin resistance. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> GFR was measured via iohexol clearance in a cross-sectional study of 1,624 middle-aged persons from the general population without CVD, diabetes or chronic kidney disease. The dimethylarginines were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), the L-arginine/ADMA ratio and insulin resistance were associated with creatinine-based eGFR after accounting for measured GFR in multivariable adjusted analyses. The cystatin C-based eGFR showed a similar residual association with SDMA; an oppositely directed, borderline significant association with ADMA; and a stronger residual association with insulin resistance compared with eGFR based on creatinine. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both creatinine- and cystatin C-based eGFR are influenced by nontraditional risk factors, which may bias risk prediction by eGFR in longitudinal studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127562
title: Supplementary Material for: Subjektiver sozialer Status. MacArthur-Skalen zur Erfassung des wahrgenommenen sozialen Status im sozialen Umfeld (SSS-U) und in Deutschland (SSS-D)

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127568.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Prioritizing Rare Variants with Conditional Likelihood Ratios

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Prioritizing individual rare variants within associated genes or regions often consists of an ad hoc combination of statistical and biological considerations. From the statistical perspective, rare variants are often ranked using Fisher's exact p values, which can lead to different rankings of the same set of variants depending on whether 1- or 2-sided p values are used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We propose a likelihood ratio-based measure, maxLRc, for the statistical component of ranking rare variants under a case-control study design that avoids the hypothesis-testing paradigm. We prove analytically that the maxLRc is always well-defined, even when the data has zero cell counts in the 2×2 disease-variant table. Via simulation, we show that the maxLRc outperforms Fisher's exact p values in most practical scenarios considered. Using next-generation sequence data from 27 rolandic epilepsy cases and 200 controls in a region previously shown to be linked to and associated with rolandic epilepsy, we demonstrate that rankings assigned by the maxLRc and exact p values can differ substantially. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The maxLRc provides reliable statistical prioritization of rare variants using only the observed data, avoiding the need to specify parameters associated with hypothesis testing that can result in ranking discrepancies across p value procedures; and it is applicable to common variant prioritization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127553
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect of Bronchodilators on Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s in Preterm-Born Participants Aged 5 and Over: A Systematic Review

description: <b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Preterm-born participants are at risk of long-term deficits in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (þV<sub>1</sub>). Since it is unclear if these deficits respond to bronchodilators, we systematically reviewed the evidence for reversibility of deficits in þV<sub>1</sub> by bronchodilators in preterm-born participants. <b><i>Design:</i></b> Studies reporting a change in þV<sub>1</sub> in response to bronchodilator treatment in preterm-born participants at ≥5 years of age, with or without a term-born control group, were identified. The quality of studies was assessed by adapted tools. Due to considerable heterogeneity between studies, formal meta-analysis was not possible. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From 8,839 titles, 22 studies were identified after an updated search in May 2013. Twenty-one studies assessed the response to a single inhaled dose of a bronchodilator, and 1 study assessed longer-term effects. Most studies observed decreased þV<sub>1</sub> in preterm-born participants compared with controls. Most studies observed improved þV<sub>1</sub> after a single dose of bronchodilator, with the largest improvements noted in those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, who had greater deficits of þV<sub>1</sub> when compared with preterm and term controls. One long-term study investigated a 2-week terbutaline administration, but the initial FEV<sub>1</sub> after a single dose did not show a change in þV<sub>1</sub> of ≥15%, but 5/29 (17%) children had an increased þV<sub>1</sub> of ≥10%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In this systematic review, disparate studies were identified. Although single doses of bronchodilators appear to improve the FEV<sub>1</sub> in the short term, further studies are required to assess their longer-term benefits not only on airway obstruction, but also their effect on respiratory symptoms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127556
title: Supplementary Material for: Clinical Relevance of As-Needed Treatment with Nalmefene in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

description: Nalmefene is the first drug approved for reduction of alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of treatment with nalmefene in alcohol-dependent patients with a high drinking risk level from two randomised placebo-controlled 6-month studies (NCT00811720 and NCT00812461). Response criteria were based on alcohol consumption, Clinical Global Impression, and Short Form Health Survey mental component summary scores at month 6, analysed using logistic regression. The proportion of responders was higher in the nalmefene group than in the placebo group with odds ratios significantly in favour of nalmefene for all responder criteria; numbers-needed-to-treat ranged from 6 to 10. Significant differences from placebo in clinician-rated and patient-reported outcomes, and liver enzymes further supported the clinical relevance of the treatment effect. In conclusion, this study supports the clinical relevance of nalmefene treatment in patients with alcohol dependence. Nalmefene may help to reduce the alcohol-related burden and the large treatment gap, with currently less than 10% of alcohol-dependent patients in Europe receiving treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127550
title: Supplementary Material for: Erweiterung der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie um Emotionsregulationstraining bei Patienten mit multiplen somatoformen Symptomen: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Pilotstudie

description: <b><i>Hintergrund:</i></b> Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) ist bei Patienten mit multiplen somatoformen Symptomen (MSS) erwiesenermaßen wirksam, bisher jedoch nur mit moderaten Effekten. Da sich bei diesen Patienten Hinweise für ein Emotionswahrnehmungsdefizit und Regulationsdefizit finden, wurde an der Universität Marburg ein Behandlungsmanual für Patienten mit MSS entwickelt, das KVT-Elemente und ein spezielles Emotionsregulationstraining verbindet. In diesem soll der Umgang mit Emotionen durch Strategien der bewertungsfreien Wahrnehmung, Akzeptanz und Achtsamkeit gefördert werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war, die Durchführbarkeit des Behandlungsprogramms ENCERT (Enriching CBT with Emotion Regulation Training) zu testen sowie die Veränderungen über die Zeit unter ENCERT mit denen einer klassischen KVT zu vergleichen. <b><i>Patienten und Methoden:</i></b> 20 ENCERT-Patienten und 22 KVT-Patienten (mit ≥3 somatoformen Symptomen, seit ≥6 Monaten) nahmen im Rahmen einer nicht randomisierten Gruppenvergleichsstudie an 20 wöchentlichen Einzeltherapiesitzungen im ambulanten Setting teil. Zu Therapiebeginn und -ende wurden relevante Daten erhoben. Die primären Outcomemaße waren das Screening für somatoforme Störungen (SOMS-7T), der Fragebogen zur Selbsteinschätzung emotionaler Kompetenzen (SEK-27) und visuelle Analogskalen (VAS) zur Einschätzung der Symptomintensität und zur empfundenen Beeinträchtigung. <b><i>Ergebnisse:</i></b> Beide Gruppen verbesserten sich im Therapieverlauf signifikant bezüglich der Beeinträchtigungsintensität (ENCERT d = 0,70; KVT d = 0,46) und Beschwerdeanzahl (ENCERT d = 0,72; KVT d = 0,50). Gruppenunterschiede zu Therapieende zeigten sich nicht: Unter Berücksichtigung klinisch relevanter Baselinevariablen zeigte sich zu Therapieende ein Hinweis auf einen signifikanten Unterschied in der Beeinträchtigungsintensität (ANCOVA: F (1,37) = 4,058, <i>p</i> = 0,051; ENCERT überlegen). ENCERT-Patienten verbesserten sich zudem signifikant auf stündlich erhobenen visuellen Analogskalen (Beschwerdeintensität d = 0,59; Beeinträchtigung durch Beschwerden d = 1,25) und in ihren Emotionsregulationskompetenzen (d = 1,14). <b><i>Schlussfolgerung:</i></b> Patienten mit MSS verbesserten sich während ENCERT und KVT, mit tendenziell höheren Effektstärken für ENCERT, jedoch auch höheren Ausgangswerten in Depressivität und Angst. Gruppenunterschiede zeigten sich nicht, möglicherweise aufgrund geringer Power. Diese Ergebnisse ermutigen zur Durchführung einer größeren randomisierten und kontrollierten Multicenterstudie.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127547
title: Supplementary Material for: Establishment of Population-Based Stroke Registry in Ludhiana City, Northwest India: Feasibility and Methodology

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) initiated the Task Force Project to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a population-based stroke registry in Ludhiana city, Punjab, Northwest India. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All first-ever, stroke patients over 18 years from the city of Ludhiana were included in the study from March 26th 2010 to March 25th 2011. Stroke information was collected based on the WHO STEPS approach from the participating hospitals, scan centres and doctors. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was administered by telephonic interview at 28 days after stroke. The information on stroke deaths was obtained from the Municipal Corporation (MC) office. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 905 first-ever stroke patients were documented. After excluding duplicate cases and patients from outside the city, 493 patients were included. The practical issues identified in data collection from these centres were reluctance to take informed consent, lack of willingness to share the data, difficulty to identify key persons from each centre, retrieving medical records from public hospitals and poor documentation of deaths in MC office. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Population-based stroke registry was feasible in an urban population with the above methodology. The issues related to feasibility were identified and necessary changes were made for the main phase of the registry.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127556.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Clinical Relevance of As-Needed Treatment with Nalmefene in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

description: Nalmefene is the first drug approved for reduction of alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of treatment with nalmefene in alcohol-dependent patients with a high drinking risk level from two randomised placebo-controlled 6-month studies (NCT00811720 and NCT00812461). Response criteria were based on alcohol consumption, Clinical Global Impression, and Short Form Health Survey mental component summary scores at month 6, analysed using logistic regression. The proportion of responders was higher in the nalmefene group than in the placebo group with odds ratios significantly in favour of nalmefene for all responder criteria; numbers-needed-to-treat ranged from 6 to 10. Significant differences from placebo in clinician-rated and patient-reported outcomes, and liver enzymes further supported the clinical relevance of the treatment effect. In conclusion, this study supports the clinical relevance of nalmefene treatment in patients with alcohol dependence. Nalmefene may help to reduce the alcohol-related burden and the large treatment gap, with currently less than 10% of alcohol-dependent patients in Europe receiving treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127541
title: Supplementary Material for: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of ARTS-DN: A Randomized Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Finerenone in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and a Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Finerenone decreases albuminuria in patients having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and mild-to-moderate (stage 2-3) chronic kidney disease. The MinerAlocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Tolerability Study-Diabetic Nephropathy (ARTS-DN; NCT01874431) is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2b study. ARTS-DN investigated whether the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone reduces albuminuria without causing major alterations in serum potassium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a clinical diagnosis of DN who were receiving a renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) inhibitor. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients were randomized to oral finerenone 1.25-20 mg or placebo once daily. The primary objectives were to assess the ratio of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio at day 90 to that at baseline in patients receiving finerenone, and to compare it with that in the placebo group. Additional exploratory analyses included evaluating changes from baseline in serum potassium levels, efficacy and safety biomarkers, and health-related quality of life. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 1,501 patients screened, 821 (the sample population) received at least one dose of finerenone/placebo. Baseline characteristics included: male, 77.8%; white, 84.2%; very high albuminuria (formerly macroalbuminuria), 38.4%; high albuminuria (formerly microalbuminuria), 60.3%; median (range) estimated glomerular filtration rate, 66.3 (24.5-130.7) ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; and systolic blood pressure (mean ± standard deviation), 138.1 ± 14.4 mm Hg. There was a history of cardiovascular disease in 39.6%, diabetic neuropathy in 20.0%, and diabetic retinopathy in 19.9% of patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> ARTS-DN is the first phase 2b trial of finerenone in combination with a RAS inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a clinical diagnosis of DN.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127538
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Peroxynitrite on Relaxation through the NO/sGC/cGMP Pathway in Isolated Rat Iliac Arteries

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The present study investigated the mechanism by which peroxynitrite impairs vascular function through the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP pathway. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Mechanical responses of rat external iliac arteries without endothelium were studied under exposure to peroxynitrite. cGMP concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Relaxation induced by BAY 41-2272 (sGC stimulator) was impaired under exposure to peroxynitrite, whereas that by BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) was enhanced. These responses were correlated with tissue levels of cGMP. Effects of peroxynitrite on the relaxant responses to BAY compounds were also observed in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or tempol, both of which scavenge a certain kind of reactive molecules other than peroxynitrite. As is the case with the relaxant response to BAY 41-2272, acidified NaNO<sub>2</sub>- and nitroglycerin-induced relaxations were markedly attenuated by exposing the arteries to peroxynitrite, which was not abolished by preincubation with SOD or tempol. On the other hand, peroxynitrite exposure had no effect on the 8-Br-cGMP-induced vasorelxation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings suggest that peroxynitrite interferes with the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway by altering the redox state of sGC. It is likely that peroxynitrite can shift the sGC redox equilibrium to the NO-insensitive state in the vasculature.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127544
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Pioglitazone or Exercise in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Study

description: <b><i>Aims:</i></b> To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to<b> </b>6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control.<b><i> Results:</i></b> Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127532
title: Supplementary Material for: Farne und Farnverwandte als Heil-, Nutz- und Zauberpflanzen: Ethnobotanische Bedeutung von Gefässkryptogamen

description: In dieser Arbeit wird die ethnomedizinische und ethnobotanische Bedeutung von Gefässkryptogamen, d.h. Farne, Bärlappe, Moosfarne, Schachtelhalme, Brachsenkräuter und Urfarne, in verschiedenen Kulturen beschrieben. Die gegenüber Samenpflanzen artenarme Gruppe spielt weltweit als Nährpflanzen für Menschen eine kleine Rolle, doch sind die Gefässkryptogamen als Heilpflanzen recht bedeutungsvoll. Durch ihren lange Zeit unverstandenen Fortpflanzungsmechanismus ohne Blüten, Samen und Früchte wurde den Farnen und ihren Verwandten in früheren Zeiten eine gewisse Magie zugeschrieben. Diese Zauberhaftigkeit verschwand in Europa mit dem Fortschreiten der Naturwissenschaften seit der Aufklärung; in anderen Regionen der Welt konnte sie im Bewusstsein der Menschen bis heute bewahrt werden.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127535
title: Supplementary Material for: Fragebogen zur Partnerschaftsqualität: Quality of Marriage Index - Deutsche Version (QMI-D)

description: Medicine