DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.23300249.v1
title: Data of pharmaceutical standardization and basic as well as advanced characterization of selective Ayurvedic Marine Drugs- Mother pearl, Cowry, Coral and Pearl

description: Ayurvedic Marine Drugs (AMD) are used on a large scale and are manufactured by the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical industries. These are prepared from marine resources and need to be formulated meticulously to obtain desired finished product qualities for optimum clinical effects. The manufacturing steps include- raw material purification in dilute lemon juice or buttermilk, grinding in a mixer grinder, trituration with <em>Aloe barbadensis</em> pulp or rose water, and incineration in a pit using cow-dung cakes as fuel. The details of the methods can be found in the related material. Datasets generated during the pharmaceutical standardization and characterization of such selective AMD viz., mother pearl, cowry/ cowrie, coral, and pearls are published here. The zip folder contains the following data- <br> <strong>1. Spectral Data of raw coral and raw pearl</strong> Both, coral and pearl being from the gems category (<em>Ratna Varga</em>) were sent for identification using Raman Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis. The raw spectral data for two samples, each, is provided here. <br> <strong>2. Temperature records during the incineration process of Ayurvedic Marine Drugs (AMD)</strong> The traditional method of incineration applies cow-dung cakes as fuel and is used in a fixed ratio to attain the desired temperature required for the physicochemical transformation. The weight of cowdung cakes and temperatures recorded due to the heat generated are enumerated here as ready reference. <br> <strong>3. Pharmaceutical standardization and characterization data of AMD- Tables</strong> The tables displayed herein show standardization and characterization data derived during manufacturing of triplicate batches of each AMD. <br> <strong>Table 1</strong> Basic testing of fresh lemon juice, diluted lemon juice, and cow’s buttermilk used for purification of Ayurvedic Marine Drugs (AMD) <strong>Table 2</strong> Physicochemical analysis of fresh <em>Aloe barbadensis</em> leaf and its pulp used for the incineration of mother pearl, cowry, and coral <strong>Table 3</strong> Details of the purification process of AMD <strong>Table 4</strong> Weight (Kg) changes during the process of incineration of AMD <strong>Table 5</strong> Details of the pharmaceutical yield of AMD <strong>Table 6</strong> Classical end-point characters checked for all AMD as finished product after each incineration cycle <strong>Table 7 </strong> Readings of basic physicochemical analysis of all AMD as finished products <strong>Table 8</strong> Elemental phases detected in raw pearl samples using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence analysis <strong>Table 9a</strong> Particle size analysis of incinerated mother pearl and cowry using Dynamic Light Scattering technique <strong>Table 9b</strong> Particle size analysis of incinerated coral and pearl using Dynamic Light Scattering technique <strong>Table 9c</strong> Actual percentage change in particle size due to sonication and stirring in all AMD <strong>Table 10</strong> Fourier Transform Infra-red analysis of incinerated AMD <br> <strong>4. Characterization data of AMD- Figures</strong> Morphology and aragnite/ calcite forms of calcium carbonate by Scanning Electron Microscopy, thermal behaviour by Thermogravimetric analysis and identification of carbonate by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis are illustrated for each AMD, in raw and triplicate batches manufcatured after incineration. <strong> </strong> <strong>Fig. 1</strong> Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of raw and incinerated mother pearl (<em>Shukti</em>) showing aragonite to calcite change in morphology before and after the incineration process, respectively; at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw mother pearl. (e-h) Incinerated mother pearl- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated mother pearl- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated mother pearl- Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 2</strong> SEM of raw and incinerated cowry (<em>Kapardik</em>) showing aragonite to calcite change in morphology before and after the incineration process, respectively; at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw cowry. (e-h) Incinerated cowry- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated cowry- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated cowry- Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 3</strong> SEM of raw and incinerated coral (<em>Praval</em>) showing no change in calcite phase before and after the incineration process at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw coral. (e-h) Incinerated coral- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated coral- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated coral- Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 4</strong>. SEM of raw and incinerated pearl (<em>Mouktik</em>) showing aragonite to calcite change in morphology before and after the incineration process, respectively; at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw pearl. (e-h) Incinerated pearl- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated pearl- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated pearl- Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 5</strong> Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of raw and incinerated mother pearl (<em>Shukti</em>) showing two-step degradation of ~4 %w/w between 250-625 °C and 41.2 %w/w between 625-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 43 %w/w between 625-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw mother pearl. (c-d) Three batches of incinerated mother pearl, respectively. <strong>Fig. 6</strong> TGA of raw and incinerated cowry (<em>Kapardik</em>) showing two-step degradation of ~2 %w/w between 200-600 °C and 42.3 %w/w between 625-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 43 %w/w between 625-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw cowry. (c-d) Three batches of incinerated cowry, respectively. <strong>Fig. 7</strong> TGA of raw and incinerated coral (<em>Praval</em>) showing two-step degradation of ~5 %w/w between 135-630 °C and 41 %w/w between 630-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 39.5 %w/w between 630-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw coral. (c-d) Three batches of incinerated coral, respectively. <strong>Fig. 8</strong> TGA of raw and incinerated pearl (<em>Mouktik</em>) showing two-step degradation of ~5 %w/w between 275-620 °C and 41 %w/w between 620-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 43 %w/w between 625-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw pearl (<em>Mouktik</em>). (c-d) Three batches of incinerated pearl, respectively. <strong>Fig. 9</strong> Fourier Transform- Infrared (FT-IR) analysis of all three batches of incinerated mother pearl (<em>Shukti Bhasma</em>) showing characteristic bands approximately at 1388, 869, and 712 cm<sup>-1</sup> similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup> vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 10</strong> FT-IR analysis of all three batches of incinerated cowry (<em>Kapardik Bhasma</em>) showing characteristic bands approximately at 1390, 869, and 712 cm<sup>-1</sup> similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup> vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 11</strong> FT-IR analysis of all three batches of incinerated coral (<em>Praval Bhasma</em>) showing characteristic bands approximately at 1390, 870, and 712 cm<sup>-1</sup> similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup> vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. <strong>Fig. 12</strong> FT-IR analysis of all three batches of incinerated pearl (<em>Mouktik Bhasma</em>) showing characteristic peaks approximately at 1389, 870, and 712 cm<sup>-1</sup> similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup> vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. <br> <br>