cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n50cr
title: Data from: Multivariate phenotypic selection on a complex sexual signal

description: Animal signals are complex, comprising multiple components that receivers
 may use to inform their decisions. Components may carry information of
 differing value to receivers, and selection on one component could
 modulate or reverse selection on another, necessitating a multivariate
 approach to estimating selection gradients. However, surprisingly few
 empirical studies have estimated the strength of phenotypic selection on
 complex signals with appropriate design and adequate power to detect
 non-linear selection. We used phonotaxis assays to measure sexual
 selection on the advertisement signal of Cope's gray tree frog, Hyla
 chrysoscelis. Female preferences were assessed for five signal components
 using single-stimulus and two-stimulus behavioral assays. Linear,
 quadratic, and correlational selection gradients were estimated from the
 single-stimulus data. Significant directional selection is acting on call
 duration, call rate, pulse rate, and relative amplitude; stabilizing
 selection is acting on call duration and call rate. Under the two-stimulus
 paradigm, conclusions were qualitatively different, revealing non-linear
 selection on all components except call duration. For individual subjects,
 the outcomes of single-stimulus and two-stimulus trials were frequently
 discordant, suggesting that the choice of testing paradigm may affect
 conclusions drawn from experiments.
description: Multivariate selection
 in Hyla chrysoscelis - phonotaxis dataMultivariate selection in Hyla
 chrysoscelis - Evolution.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0n52027
title: Data from: Changing environmental gradients over forty years alter ecomorphological variation in Guadalupe Bass Micropterus treculii throughout a river basin

description: Understanding the degree of intraspecific variation within and among
 populations is a key aspect of predicting the capacity of a species to
 respond to anthropogenic disturbances. However, intraspecific variation is
 usually assessed at either limited temporal, but broad spatial scales or
 vice versa, which can make assessing changes in response to long-term
 disturbances challenging. We evaluated the relationship between the
 longitudinal gradient of changing flow regimes and land use/land cover
 patterns since 1980 and morphological variation of Guadalupe Bass
 Micropterus treculii throughout the Colorado River Basin of central Texas.
 The Colorado River Basin in Texas has experienced major alterations to the
 hydrologic regime due to changing land and water-use patterns. Historical
 collections of Guadalupe Bass prior to rapid human-induced change present
 the unique opportunity to study the response of populations to varying
 environmental conditions through space and time. Morphological
 differentiation of Guadalupe Bass associated with temporal changes in flow
 regimes and land use/land cover patterns suggests that they are exhibiting
 intraspecific trait variability, with contemporary individuals showing
 increased body depth, in response to environmental alteration through time
 (specifically related to an increase in herbaceous land cover, maximum
 flows, and the number of low pulses and high pulses). Additionally,
 individuals from tributaries with increased hydrologic alteration
 associated with urbanization or agricultural withdrawals tended to have a
 greater distance between the anal and caudal fin. These results reveal
 trait variation that may help to buffer populations under conditions of
 increased urbanization and sprawl, human population growth, and climate
 risk, all of which impose novel selective pressures, especially on endemic
 species like Guadalupe Bass. Our results contribute an understanding of
 the adaptability and capacity of an endemic population to respond to
 expected future changes based on demographic or climatic projection.
description: Pease_ECE_BassMorphology_DryadDataPease_EE_BassMorphology_DryadData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8s835
title: Data from: The Urban Heat Island and its spatial scale dependent impact on survival and development in butterflies of different thermal sensitivity

description: Climate alteration is one of the most cited ecological consequences of
 urbanization. However, the magnitude of this impact is likely to vary with
 spatial scale. We investigated how this alteration affects the biological
 fitness of insects, which are especially sensitive to ambient conditions
 and well-suited organisms to study urbanization-related changes in
 phenotypic traits. We monitored temperature and relative air humidity in
 wooded sites characterized by different levels of urbanization in the
 surroundings. Using a split-brood design experiment, we investigated the
 effect of urbanization at the local (i.e., 200 × 200 m) and landscape
 (i.e., 3 × 3 km) scale on two key traits of biological fitness in two
 closely related butterfly species that differ in thermal sensitivity. In
 line with the Urban Heat Island concept, urbanization led to a 1°C
 increase in daytime temperature and an 8% decrease in daytime relative
 humidity at the local scale. The thermophilous species Lasiommata megera
 responded at the local scale: larval survival increased twofold in urban
 compared to rural sites. Urbanized sites tended to produce bigger adults,
 although this was the case for males only. In the woodland species Pararge
 aegeria, which has recently expanded its ecological niche, we did not
 observe such a response, neither at the local, nor at the landscape scale.
 These results demonstrate interspecific differences in
 urbanization-related phenotypic plasticity and larval survival. We discuss
 larval pre-adaptations in species of different ecological profiles to
 urban conditions. Our results also highlight the significance of
 considering fine-grained spatial scales in urban ecology.
description: Kaiser et al. - Climatic
 dataClimatic data collected
 during the field experimentKaiser et al. - Larval
 survivalSheet 1 and 2 includes
 data on larval survival of Pararge aegeria and Lasiommata megera,
 respectivelyKaiser et al. - Adult
 body massSheet 1 and 2 includes
 data on adult body mass of Pararge aegeria and Lasiommata megera,
 respectively
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r29th82
title: Data from: Food dissemination in ants: robustness of the trophallactic network against resource quality

description: Insect societies are often composed of many individuals, achieving
 collective decisions that depend on environmental and colonial
 characteristics. For example, ants are able to focus their foraging effort
 on the most rewarding food source. While this phenomenon is well known,
 the link between the food source quality and the intranidal food
 dissemination networks and its dynamics has been neglected. Here we
 analysed the global dynamics of the food dissemination in Camponotus
 cruentatus workers, after feeding on a low (0.1M) or on a high (1M)
 sucrose concentration food source. We also analysed the trophallaxis
 activity at the individual level and built the complete network of
 trophallaxis. The results reveal that the dynamics of food dissemination
 and the structure of the trophallaxis network are robust and independent
 of the food concentration. We then discuss these results in the light of
 recent advances in the study of efficiency in food management in ants.
description: Raw
 dataData.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2kh91
title: Data from: The oldest, slowest forests in the world? Exceptional biomass and slow carbon dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides temperate rainforests in southern Chile

description: Old-growth temperate rainforests are, per unit area, the largest and most
 long-lived stores of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, but their carbon
 dynamics have rarely been described. The endangered Fitzroya cupressoides
 forests of southern South America include stands that are probably the
 oldest dense forest stands in the world, with long-lived trees and high
 standing biomass. We assess and compare aboveground biomass, and provide
 the first estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), carbon allocation
 and mean wood residence time in medium-age stands in the Alerce Costero
 National Park (AC) in the Coastal Range and in old-growth forests in the
 Alerce Andino National Park (AA) in the Andean Cordillera. Aboveground
 live biomass was 113–114 Mg C ha-1 and 448–517 Mg C ha-1 in AC and AA,
 respectively. Aboveground productivity was 3.35–3.36 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in
 AC and 2.22–2.54 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AA, values generally lower than
 others reported for temperate wet forests worldwide, mainly due to the low
 woody growth of Fitzroya. NPP was 4.21–4.24 and 3.78–4.10 Mg C ha-1 year-1
 in AC and AA, respectively. Estimated mean wood residence time was a
 minimum of 539–640 years for the whole forest in the Andes and 1368–1393
 years for only Fitzroya in this site. Our biomass estimates for the Andes
 place these ecosystems among the most massive forests in the world.
 Differences in biomass production between sites seem mostly apparent as
 differences in allocation rather than productivity. Residence time
 estimates for Fitzroya are the highest reported for any species and carbon
 dynamics in these forests are the slowest reported for wet forests
 worldwide. Although primary productivity is low in Fitzroya forests, they
 probably act as ongoing biomass carbon sinks on long-term timescales due
 to their low mortality rates and exceptionally long residence times that
 allow biomass to be accumulated for millennia.
description: Plot
 informationIt contains plot census
 data (diameters and heights) from the two plots in the Alerce Costero and
 Alerce Andino National Parks.LitterfallIt contains monthly litterfall data from the two plots in the Alerce Costero and Alerce Andino National Parks.BranchfallIt contains branchfall data from collections every three months in the two plots in the Alerce Costero and Alerce Andino National Parks.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s8d24
title: Data from: Social disappointment explains chimpanzees' behaviour in the inequity aversion task

description: Chimpanzees’ refusal of less-preferred food when an experimenter has
 previously provided preferred food to a conspecific has been taken as
 evidence for a sense of fairness. Here, we present a novel hypothesis—the
 social disappointment hypothesis—according to which food refusals express
 chimpanzees' disappointment in the human experimenter for not
 rewarding them as well as they could have. We tested this hypothesis using
 a two-by-two design in which food was either distributed by an
 experimenter or a machine and with a partner present or absent. We found
 that chimpanzees were more likely to reject food when it was distributed
 by an experimenter rather than by a machine and that they were not more
 likely to do so when a partner was present. These results suggest that
 chimpanzees’ refusal of less-preferred food stems from social
 disappointment in the experimenter and not from a sense of fairness.
description: SocialDisappointment_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tb2tv
title: Data from: Molecular biogeography of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) shows traces of recent range expansion

description: Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L., Asteraceae), a wild relative of
 cultivated lettuce, is an autogamous species which greatly expanded
 throughout Western and Northern Europe during the last two centuries. Here
 we present a large-scale biogeographic genetic analysis performed on a
 dataset represented by 2622 individuals from 110 wild European
 populations. Thirty-two maternally inherited chloroplast RFLP-markers and
 ten nuclear microsatellite loci were used. Microsatellites revealed low
 genetic variation and high inbreeding coefficients within populations, as
 well as strong genetic differentiation between populations, which was in
 accordance with the autogamous breeding system. AMOVA-based clustering
 indicated the presence of three populations clusters, which showed strong
 geographical patterns. One cluster occupied United Kingdom and part of
 Northern Europe, and characterized populations with a single predominant
 genotype. The second mostly combined populations from Northern Europe,
 while the third cluster grouped populations particularly from Southern
 Europe. Kriging of gene diversity for L. serriola corroborated northwards
 and westwards spread from Central (Eastern) Europe. Significant lower
 genetic diversity characterized the newly colonised parts of the range
 compared to the historical ones, confirming the importance of founder
 effects. Stronger pattern of isolation by distance was assessed in the
 newly colonised areas than in the historical areas (Mantel’s r=0.20). In
 the newly colonised areas, populations at short geographic distances were
 genetically more similar than those in the historical areas. Our results
 corroborate the species’ recent and rapid northward and westward
 colonisation from Eastern Europe, as well as a decrease of genetic
 diversity in recently established populations.
description: Microsatellite_Lactuca_serriola_Europa_dAndrea_et_alMicrosatellite data in GenePop format for Lactuca serriola in EuropeLactuca_serriola_Europa_dAndrea_et_al.pop
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k528j
title: Data from: Keeping the band together: evidence for false boundary disruptive coloration in a butterfly

description: There is a recent surge of evidence supporting disruptive coloration, in
 which patterns break up the animal's outline through false edges or
 boundaries, increasing survival in animals by reducing predator detection
 and/or preventing recognition. Though research has demonstrated that false
 edges are successful for reducing predation of prey, research into the
 role of internal false boundaries (i.e., stripes and bands) in reducing
 predation remains warranted. Many animals, have stripes and bands that may
 function disruptively. Here we test the possible disruptive function of
 wing band patterning in a butterfly, Anartia fatima, using artificial
 paper and plasticine models in Panama. We manipulated the band so that one
 model type had the band shifted to the wing margin (non-disruptive
 treatment) and another model had a discontinuous band located on the wing
 margin (discontinuous edge treatment). We kept the natural wing pattern to
 represent the false boundary treatment. Across all treatment groups, we
 standardized the area of color and used avian visual models to confirm a
 match between manipulated and natural wing colors. False boundary models
 had higher survival than either the discontinuous edge model or the
 non-disruptive model. There was no survival difference between the
 discontinuous edge model and the non-disruptive model. Our results
 demonstrate the importance of wing bands in reducing predation on
 butterflies and show that markings set in from the wing margin can reduce
 predation more effectively than marginal bands and discontinuous marginal
 patterns. This study demonstrates an adaptive benefit of having stripes
 and bands.
description: Anartia Clay Model
 Attack DataThese are the attack
 data for all of the models placed in the field. Each model belongs to a
 group of three different models. This text file lists each model and if it
 was not attacked (NA), missing (which were censored), and if they were
 attacked by an avian predator (Avian).Anartia model spectra
 graphHere are the average
 reflectance spectra for the color patches of the models. Each average was
 from several models and natural butterflies.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.19923
title: Data from: Speciation processes in putative island endemic sister bat species: false impressions from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data

description: Cases of geographically restricted co-occurring sister taxa are rare and
 may point to potential divergence with gene flow. The two bat species
 Murina gracilis and M. recondita are both endemic to Taiwan and are
 putative sister species. To test for non-allopatric divergence and gene
 flow in these taxa, we generated sequences using Sanger and Next
 Generation Sequencing, and combined these with microsatellite data for
 coalescent-based analyses. MtDNA phylogenies supported the reciprocally
 monophyletic sister relationship between M. gracilis and M. recondita,
 however, clustering of microsatellite genotypes revealed several cases of
 species admixture suggesting possible introgression. Sequencing of
 microsatellite flanking regions revealed that admixture signatures stemmed
 from microsatellite allele homoplasy rather than recent introgressive
 hybridization, and also uncovered an unexpected sister relationship
 between M. recondita and the continental species M. eleryi, to the
 exclusion of M. gracilis. To dissect the basis of these conflicts between
 ncDNA and mtDNA, we analysed sequences from 10 anonymous ncDNA loci with
 *BEAST and isolation-with-migration (IM) and found two distinct clades of
 M. eleryi, one of which was sister to M. recondita. We conclude that
 Taiwan was colonized by the ancestor of M. gracilis first, followed by the
 ancestor of M. recondita after a period of allopatric divergence. After
 colonization, the mitochondrial genome of M. recondita was replaced by
 that of the resident M. gracilis. This study illustrates how apparent
 signatures of sympatric divergence can arise from complex histories of
 allopatric divergence, colonization and hybridization, thus highlighting
 the need for rigorous analyses to distinguish between such scenarios.
description: microsat_flanking_regions_for_networksAlignments of phased sequences (in FASTA) at two microsatellite flanking regions used in constructions of median-joining networks.mitochondrial_alignment_for_starbeastAn alignment of concatenated Cyt-b and COI genes (in FASTA) used in a *BEAST analysis for inferring the divergence processes within the Murina gracilis complex. The XML input file of *BEAST is also provided.microsat_flanking_regions_for_starbeastAlignments of phased sequences (in FASTA) at ten microsatellite flanking regions used in *BEAST analyses for inferring the divergence processes within the Murina gracilis complex. Prior to *BEAST analyses, all alignments except for that for the locus A122-2 are trimmed to be free from recombination. XML input files of *BEAST separately prepared for analyses with different demographic models are also provided.IMa2_inputThe input of multi-taxon IMa2 which is used to infer the divergence processes within the Murina gracilis complex.mu4pop.u
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cn6v1
title: Data from: The biogeography of kin discrimination across microbial neighbourhoods

description: The spatial distribution of potential interactants is critical to social
 evolution in all cooperative organisms. Yet the biogeography of microbial
 kin discrimination at the scales most relevant to social interactions is
 poorly understood. Here we resolve the microbiogeography of social
 identity and genetic relatedness in local populations of the model
 cooperative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus at small spatial scales, across
 which the potential for dispersal is high. Using two criteria of
 relatedness—colony-merger compatibility during cooperative motility and
 DNA-sequence similarity at highly polymorphic loci—we find that
 relatedness decreases greatly with spatial distance even across the
 smallest scale transition. Both social relatedness and genetic relatedness
 are maximal within individual fruiting bodies at the micrometre scale but
 are much lower already across adjacent fruiting bodies at the millimetre
 scale. Genetic relatedness was found to be yet lower among
 centimetre-scale samples, whereas social allotype relatedness decreased
 further only at the metre scale, at and beyond which the probability of
 social or genetic identity among randomly sampled isolates is effectively
 zero. Thus, in M. xanthus, high-relatedness patches form a rich mosaic of
 diverse social allotypes across fruiting body neighbourhoods at the
 millimetre scale and beyond. Individuals that migrate even short distances
 across adjacent groups will frequently encounter allotypic conspecifics
 and territorial kin discrimination may profoundly influence the spatial
 dynamics of local migration. Finally, we also found that the phylogenetic
 scope of intraspecific biogeographic analysis can affect the detection of
 spatial structure, as some patterns evident in clade-specific analysis
 were masked by simultaneous analysis of all strains.
description: MOLECOL_KRAEMER
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.86t23
title: Data from: Exploring health literacy competencies toward patient education program for Chinese-speaking healthcare professionals: a Delphi study

description: Objectives: To achieve consensus on a set of competencies in health
 literacy practice based on a literature review and expert consultation.
 Setting: Hospitals and community health centres in Taiwan. Method: A
 2-stage modified Delphi study involving a literature review was conducted,
 followed by qualitative interviews and 3 rounds of email-based data
 collection over a 3-month period in 2011. Participants: 15 Chinese
 healthcare practitioners with more than 6 months’ experience in patient
 education were interviewed to collect data on health literacy practice. 24
 experts (12 academic scholars in health literacy and 12 professionals with
 training related to health literacy practice) were invited to participate
 in the Delphi process. Results: Qualitative data from the interviews were
 analysed and summarised to form 99 competency items for health literacy
 practice, which were categorised into 5 domains of health literacy
 practice including those pertaining to knowledge and skills. Consensus was
 reached on 92 of 99 competencies, using a modified Delphi technique.
 Conclusions: The 92 competencies in health literacy practice embraced core
 components of patient education in the Chinese healthcare profession.
description: Description of Delphi
 resultsThis file contains the
 description of the Delphi results in Chinese and
 English.generated_6210827.doc