cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124715
title: Supplementary Material for: A Comparison of Schemas, Schema Modes and Childhood Traumas in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Chronic Pain Disorder and Eating Disorders

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> In this study, we investigated early maladaptive schemas (EMS), schema modes and childhood traumas in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in contrast to patients with other Axis I disorders. Based on cognitive theories on OCD, our main research question was whether schemas belonging to the domain of ‘impaired autonomy and performance' are more prevalent in OCD than in both eating disorders (ED) and chronic pain disorder (CPD). <b><i>Sampling and Methods:</i></b> EMS, schema modes and traumatic childhood experiences were measured in 60 patients with OCD, 41 with ED, 40 with CPD and 142 healthy controls. To analyze differences between the groups, MANCOVAs were conducted followed by deviation contrasts. Depression level, age and gender were considered as possible covariates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> OCD patients scored higher on 4 EMS, 2 of which belong to the domain ‘impaired autonomy and performance'. ED patients had higher scores in the EMS ‘emotional inhibition' and CPD patients on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire subscale ‘physical neglect'. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results suggest that there might be typical schema patterns associated with OCD and ED. We can also conclude that a higher prevalence of traumatic experiences does not necessarily coincide with more EMS and schema modes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124721.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Microstructural Brain and Multivoxel Spectroscopy in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Related to Insulin-Like Growth Factor Concentration and Early Growth

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Very low birth weight (VLBW) children have higher risk of neurologic disabilities and growth factors are essential for brain maturation. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To assess whether there are differences in neurologic findings, psychometric parameters and microstructural brain morphology in 1-year-old VLBW infants versus term healthy controls and whether these differences are related to hormonal/growth changes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Prospective anthropometry, prefeed venous blood sample [insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), leptin, glucose], neurologic and imaging assessment, at age 1 year in 34 VLBW infants (12 SGA; 10 M) and 10 healthy term controls (5 M). <b><i>Results:</i></b> IGF-I concentrations at 1 month of corrected age were 20% lower in SGA versus appropriate for gestational age VLBW (p &lt; 0.02). Gray and white matter volume and fractional anisotropy in 15/27 regions were decreased (p &lt; 0.001). Abnormal spectroscopy was observed in 4 zones in VLBW versus term controls (p &lt; 0.001). Some of these changes were associated with different periods of first-year growth and IGF-I/IGF-II, leptin and HOMA-IR. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> VLBW infants show differences in brain volumes and microstructural brain morphology as compared to term controls, changes related to circulating growth factor and anthropometry changes in the first year. This apparent reorganization of the developing brain offers a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between changes in cortical anatomy, cognitive and social impairments and periods of early growth.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124724.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Positive Expiratory Pressure via Mask Does Not Improve Ventilation Inhomogeneity More than Huffing and Coughing in Individuals with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Sputum Expectoration

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) has been used to promote airway clearance in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for many years; however, its mechanism of action and benefits are unclear. Previous authors have suggested that PEP improves collateral ventilation via changes in lung volumes. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> It was the aim of this study to determine whether PEP improves ventilation inhomogeneity more than controlled huffing and coughing in individuals with stable COPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twelve participants with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s 45% predicted) and chronic sputum expectoration performed PEP therapy (10-20 cm H<sub>2</sub>O) or controlled huffing and coughing in random order on alternate study days with a 48-hour washout. Measures of acinar and conductive airway ventilation (S<sub>acin</sub>, S<sub>cond</sub>), lung volumes, spirometry and sputum wet weight were recorded before, immediately after and 90 min following treatment. Ease of expectoration [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and oxyhaemoglobin saturation were assessed immediately following treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no significant differences between the effect of either test condition at any time point for any test parameter. Mean S<sub>acin</sub> immediately following PEP and control conditions was 0.465 and 0.438 litre<sup>-1</sup>, respectively (p = 0.45 for comparison between conditions) and mean S<sub>cond</sub> was 0.042 and 0.039 litre<sup>-1</sup> (p = 0.55). PEP therapy did not significantly enhance total mean sputum expectoration compared to controlled huffing and coughing (7.06 vs. 6.15 g; p = 0.51) and did not improve ease of expectoration (VAS PEP 4.8 cm vs. control 4.1 cm; p = 0.53). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Any therapeutic benefits of PEP in individuals with COPD and chronic sputum expectoration are unlikely to be mediated by improvements in ventilation or lung volumes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124712
title: Supplementary Material for: A Memory Already like an Elephant's? The Advanced Brain Morphology of the Last Common Ancestor of Afrotheria (Mammalia)

description: Virtually reconstructed and natural endocranial casts are used in the study of brain evolution through geological time. We here present work investigating the paleoneurological evolution of afrotherian mammals. Using microCT-generated endocasts we show that, with the exception of the subfamilies Macroscelidinae and Tenrecoidea, most Afroinsectiphilia display a more or less gyrencephalic and ventrally expanded neopallium, two derived features that are unexpected for these insectivore-grade afrotherians. This implies that the endocranial cast morphology at the root of the afrotherian clade may have been more advanced than previously thought. The reconstructed endocranial morphology of the Afrotheria's last common ancestor reaches the level of complexity of some early Cenozoic archaic ungulates. Our result gives support to the hypothesis of an ungulate-like ancestral body plan for Afrotheria. It also implies that the a priori ‘primitive' suite of traits evident in the brain of Afroinsectivora, especially in the tenrecs, may have been secondarily acquired. Implications on the overestimation of the divergence age of Afrotheria are discussed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124718.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Low and Standard Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries and Fluorosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: Although the anti-caries effects of standard fluoride (F) toothpastes are well established, their use by preschoolers (2- to 5-year-olds) has given rise to concerns regarding the development of dental fluorosis. Thus, a widespread support of low F toothpastes has been observed. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low (&lt;600 ppm) and standard (1,000-1,500 ppm) F toothpastes on the prevention of caries in the primary dentition and aesthetically objectionable (moderate to severe) fluorosis in the permanent dentition. A systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analyses were carried out. Two examiners independently screened 1,932 records and read 159 potentially eligible full-text articles. Data regarding characteristics of participants, interventions, outcomes, length of follow-up and potential of bias were independently extracted by two examiners and disagreements were solved by consensus after consulting a third examiner. In order to assess the effects of low and standard F toothpastes on the proportion of children developing caries and fluorosis, pooled relative risks (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a fixed and a random-effects model, respectively. Five clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Low F toothpastes significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth [RR = 1.13 (1.07-1.20); 4,634 participants in three studies] and did not significantly decrease the risk of aesthetically objectionable fluorosis in the upper anterior permanent teeth [RR = 0.32 (0.03-2.97); 1,968 participants in two studies]. There is no evidence to support the use of low F toothpastes by preschoolers regarding caries and fluorosis prevention.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124703
title: Supplementary Material for: Polarity Index of Psychological Interventions in Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although several adjunctive psychological interventions are effective in the maintenance of bipolar disorders (BD), no attempt has been made to classify them according to their ability to prevent manic versus depressive episodes. Our study aims to rank the adjunctive psychotherapies for the prophylaxis of BD by means of their polarity index (PI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of a psychological intervention with a comparator in BD maintenance treatment in patients aged over 18 were systematically reviewed. Exclusion criteria were a small sample size, a study sample not exclusively composed of bipolar patients and the absence of a control group. PI is a novel metric indicating the relative antimanic versus antidepressive preventive efficacy of treatments. PI was retrieved by calculating the ratio of the number needed to treat (NNT) for prevention of depression and the NNT for prevention of mania. PI &gt;1.0 indicates a relatively higher antimanic prophylactic efficacy and PI &lt;1.0 a greater antidepressive efficacy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 9 studies were included. PI was 0.33, 0.63 and 0.89 for cognitive-behavioral therapy, 0.42 for family-focused therapy, 0.73 and 0.78 for psychoeducation, 1 for enhanced relapse prevention, 1.78 for caregiver group psychoeducation and 3.36 for brief technique-driven interventions. With regard to the PI for 1 cognitive-behavioral study, enhanced relapse prevention and brief technique-driven interventions may not be reliable since those trials were negative. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The PI provides a measure of how much depression-preventive or (hypo) mania-preventive an intervention is and may guide the choice of adjunctive psychotherapy in the context of individualized long-term treatment of BD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124706
title: Supplementary Material for: Emotion Regulation Skills Training Enhances the Efficacy of Inpatient Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Deficits in emotion regulation skills are possible factors maintaining major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, the aim of the study was to test whether integrating a systematic emotion regulation training (ERT) enhances the efficacy of routine inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for MDD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 432 inpatients meeting criteria for MDD were assigned to receive either routine CBT or CBT enriched with an intense emotion regulation skills training (CBT-ERT). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Participants in the CBT-ERT condition demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in depression (response rates - CBT: 75.5%, CBT-ERT: 84.9%; remission rates - CBT: 51.1%, CBT-ERT: 65.1%). Moreover, CBT-ERT participants demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of negative affect, as well as a greater increase of well-being and emotion regulation skills particularly relevant for mental health. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Integrating strategies that target emotion regulation skills improves the efficacy of CBT for MDD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124709
title: Supplementary Material for: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder after Childhood Sexual Abuse in Patients with and without Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with co-occurring severe psychopathology such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a frequent sequel of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). CSA-related PTSD has been effectively treated through cognitive-behavioural treatments, but it remains unclear whether success can be achieved in patients with co-occurring BPD. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a newly developed modular treatment programme (DBT-PTSD) that combines principles of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and trauma-focused interventions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Female patients (n = 74) with CSA-related PTSD were randomised to either a 12-week residential DBT-PTSD programme or a treatment-as-usual wait list. About half of the participants met the criteria for co-occurring BPD. Individuals with ongoing self-harm were not excluded. The primary outcomes were reduction of PTSD symptoms as assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and by the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Hierarchical linear models were used to compare improvements across treatment groups. Assessments were carried out by blinded raters at admission, at end of treatment, and at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Under DBT-PTSD the mean change was significantly greater than in the control group on both the CAPS (33.16 vs. 2.08) and the PDS (0.70 vs. 0.14). Between-group effect sizes were large and highly significant. Neither a diagnosis of BPD nor the severity or the number of BPD symptoms was significantly related to treatment outcome. Safety analyses indicated no increase in dysfunctional behaviours during the trial. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>DBT-PTSD is an efficacious treatment of CSA-related PTSD, even in the presence of severe co-occurring psychopathology such as BPD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124700
title: Supplementary Material for: Three-Dimensional Positioning of B Chromosomes in Fibroblast Nuclei of the Red Fox and the Chinese Raccoon Dog

description: Great progress has been achieved over the last years in studies on chromosome arrangement in mammalian cell nuclei. Growing evidence indicates that the genome's spatial organization is of functional relevance. So far, no attention has been paid to the nuclear organization of B chromosomes (Bs). In this study we have examined nuclear positioning of Bs in 2 species from the Canidae family - the red fox and the Chinese raccoon dog. Using 2D and 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization and 2 gene-specific probes <i>(C-KIT </i>and <i>PDGFRA)</i>, we analyzed the location of Bs in fibroblast nuclei. We found that small Bs of the red fox occupied mostly the interior of the nucleus, while medium-sized Bs of the Chinese raccoon dog were observed in the peripheral area of the nucleus as well as in intermediate and interior locations. The more uniform distribution of B chromosomes in the Chinese raccoon dog may be the result of differences in their size, since 3 morphological types of Bs are distinguished in this species. Our results indicate that 3D positioning of B chromosomes in fibroblast nuclei of the 2 canid species is in agreement with the chromosome size-dependent theory.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124709.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder after Childhood Sexual Abuse in Patients with and without Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with co-occurring severe psychopathology such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a frequent sequel of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). CSA-related PTSD has been effectively treated through cognitive-behavioural treatments, but it remains unclear whether success can be achieved in patients with co-occurring BPD. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a newly developed modular treatment programme (DBT-PTSD) that combines principles of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and trauma-focused interventions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Female patients (n = 74) with CSA-related PTSD were randomised to either a 12-week residential DBT-PTSD programme or a treatment-as-usual wait list. About half of the participants met the criteria for co-occurring BPD. Individuals with ongoing self-harm were not excluded. The primary outcomes were reduction of PTSD symptoms as assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and by the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Hierarchical linear models were used to compare improvements across treatment groups. Assessments were carried out by blinded raters at admission, at end of treatment, and at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Under DBT-PTSD the mean change was significantly greater than in the control group on both the CAPS (33.16 vs. 2.08) and the PDS (0.70 vs. 0.14). Between-group effect sizes were large and highly significant. Neither a diagnosis of BPD nor the severity or the number of BPD symptoms was significantly related to treatment outcome. Safety analyses indicated no increase in dysfunctional behaviours during the trial. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>DBT-PTSD is an efficacious treatment of CSA-related PTSD, even in the presence of severe co-occurring psychopathology such as BPD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124691
title: Supplementary Material for: Endoskopie als Baustein der interventionellen Therapie infizierter Pankreasnekrosen

description: <b><i>Hintergrund: </i></b>Die Mortalität von Pankreatitiden wird - abgesehen vom Organversagen - meist nicht durch akute Komplikationen, sondern durch Spätfolgen bestimmt. Gefürchtet sind hierbei die infektbedingten Veränderungen wie z.B. die infizierten Nekrosen. Eine Nekrosektomie gilt dabei nach wie vor als das Verfahren der Wahl, wohl wissend, dass sich die Prognose des Patienten damit verschlechtert. <b><i>Methode und Ergebnisse: </i></b>Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur - speziell der neuen Einteilung pankreatischer Flüssigkeitskollektionen - werden die derzeit verfügbaren Techniken und Herangehensweisen gegenübergestellt. <b><i>Schlussfolgerung: </i></b>Weniger invasive oder beeinträchtigende Verfahren lösen ein radikales Vorgehen mehr und mehr ab, wobei nicht jeder größere Eingriff verhindert werden kann. Das Zusammenspiel diverser Fachrichtungen ist gefordert und sollte bestmöglich nach einem Step-up-Ansatz erfolgen, indem minimal invasiv begonnen wird und die offene Nekrosektomie eine Ausnahme bleiben sollte. Es gilt nach wie vor der Leitspruch «ubi pus, ibi evacua».
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124700.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Three-Dimensional Positioning of B Chromosomes in Fibroblast Nuclei of the Red Fox and the Chinese Raccoon Dog

description: Great progress has been achieved over the last years in studies on chromosome arrangement in mammalian cell nuclei. Growing evidence indicates that the genome's spatial organization is of functional relevance. So far, no attention has been paid to the nuclear organization of B chromosomes (Bs). In this study we have examined nuclear positioning of Bs in 2 species from the Canidae family - the red fox and the Chinese raccoon dog. Using 2D and 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization and 2 gene-specific probes <i>(C-KIT </i>and <i>PDGFRA)</i>, we analyzed the location of Bs in fibroblast nuclei. We found that small Bs of the red fox occupied mostly the interior of the nucleus, while medium-sized Bs of the Chinese raccoon dog were observed in the peripheral area of the nucleus as well as in intermediate and interior locations. The more uniform distribution of B chromosomes in the Chinese raccoon dog may be the result of differences in their size, since 3 morphological types of Bs are distinguished in this species. Our results indicate that 3D positioning of B chromosomes in fibroblast nuclei of the 2 canid species is in agreement with the chromosome size-dependent theory.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124685
title: Supplementary Material for: Effectiveness of Advanced versus Conventional Wound Dressings on Healing of Chronic Wounds: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Wound dressings are essential in the treatment of chronic wounds and should be selected on valid and recent evidence. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Effectiveness of advanced compared to conventional dressings for chronic wound healing. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Comprehensive literature search, systematic review and meta-analyses of the results of advanced dressing studies on chronic wound treatment. Comprehensiveness and coverage of all relevant studies is the most striking difference in relation to other meta-analyses and systematic reviews. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean odds ratio of complete healing was 1.52 favouring advanced over conventional dressings in 65 controlled trials. In 287 study conditions including uncontrolled studies, mean odds were 0.97 (advanced dressings/controlled studies), 0.77 (conventional/controlled) and 0.47 (advanced/uncontrolled). The overall healing rate was 33%. When causal treatment was applied, a reduced effect was observed. The consideration of all types of chronic wounds, advanced wound dressings and studies resulted in more study effects, more reliable estimates of mean effects and more statistical power. These differences in the design are likely to explain the differences in the meta-analytic results. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A general superiority of advanced dressings on complete healing was shown. The generalizability of the results is limited by the methodological and report quality within studies identified, unexplained heterogeneity in study effects and possibly by publication bias.