DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmj6
title: Factors related to the implementation of patient safety culture in prehospital emergency services

description: Background: Prehospital emergency services are one of the main areas of
 health care, which provide emergency services for patients who experience
 acute, critical illness or injury outside the hospital. Prehospital
 services are more often carried out by the Emergency Medical Services
 (EMS) team, as one of the health service providers who come to the scene
 more quickly, both in daily emergencies. Purpose: This study aims to
 determine the factors related to the application of patient safety culture
 and determine the most dominant factors in the application of patient
 safety culture at the prehospital emergency service in Bantaeng. Results:
 The results showed that all domains of patient safety culture had a
 significant effect (p&lt;0.05) namely teamwork 0.000, safety climate
 0.000, management perception and support 0.000, job satisfaction 0.019,
 work environment 0.000 and stress recognition 0.000. The most influential
 domain is stress recognition 1.116 and Adjust R Square value of 69.7%.
 Conclusion: Patient safety needs to be a priority in handling and
 organizations must continue to evaluate the application of patient safety
 culture in PSC 119 setting in Bantaeng. Nurses are responsible for
 improving services that prioritize patient safety by understanding all
 factors related to the implementation of patient safety culture.
description: This research is an analytic
 observational study with a cross sectional. A cross-sectional study is
 defined as a type of observational research that analyzes variable data
 collected at one particular point in time across a predefined sample
 population or subset. The research was conducted at PSC 119 Bantaeng in
 April 2022. The population of this study amounted to 85 health workers and
 sampling using the Total Sampling, so that all PSC 119 officers who
 provide direct services to patients are the samples in this study. The
 inclusion criteria in the study were all health workers at PSC 119
 Bantaeng who served patients directly and the participants were willing to
 be involved in the study, while the exclusion criteria of this study were
 health workers who worked as operators, health administration officers and
 ambulance drivers. Researchers used two questionnaires sourced from
 the Emergency Medical Services-Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (EMS-SAQ)
 which consists of 57 statement items and is divided into six domains or
 variables, namely teamwork, safety climate, perception and management
 support, job satisfaction, work environment and stress recognition, and
 the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) with 16 statement
 items. The items of this statement were translated from English into
 Indonesian by the researcher and developed to be used as research
 instruments. Assessment The answer to the statement is in the form of a
 5-point Likert scale with a weighted value of one for the answer to the
 statement strongly disagree, two for the answer to the statement disagree,
 three for the answer to the statement disagree, four for the answer to the
 statement agree and five for the answer to the statement strongly agree.
 This questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability on 27
 officers at PSC 119 Bulukumba and is declared valid to be used, with a
 value of r count &gt; from r table (0.381) on the independent variable
 r count of 0.998 and r count on the dependent variable of 0.975, while the
 reliability test obtained cronbach's negligent of 0.675 (&gt;
 0.60) and is considered reliable for use in conducting research. The
 researcher distributed questionnaires to all participants assisted by the
 coordinator of PSC 119, after the questionnaire was completed, the
 instrument was collected back to the coordinator of PSC 119 and handed
 over to the researcher. Research data were analyzed using SPSS
 statistics. Univariate analysis was carried out to describe the
 characteristics of the respondents consisting of age, gender, education
 level, type of training that had been attended, and the length of service
 of officers in the PSC. Bivariate analysis was carried out to see whether
 or not there was a relationship between the two variables in this study,
 the variables were teamwork relationships, safety climate, management
 perception and support, job satisfaction, work environment and the
 introduction of employee stress on the application of patient safety
 culture. Before the bivariate analysis process was carried out, the data
 was tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The data in
 the study were normally distributed (0.200 &gt; 0.05) so that the
 correlation analysis used Pearson Correlation. Multivariate analysis was
 conducted with the aim of examining the influence of the independent
 variables (teamwork, safety climate, management perception and support,
 job satisfaction, work environment and stress recognition) on the
 dependent variable (application of patient safety culture). In this
 multivariate analysis, it is also carried out to see one of the factors in
 the independent variable that has the strongest relationship to the
 dependent variable. Multiple linear regression tests are used in this
 multivariate analysis where more than one independent variable has a
 relationship with the dependent variable. The requirement in the multiple
 linear regression test is if the p value which is the result of the
 bivariate test is less than 0.25 (p value &lt;
 0.25). Before conducting the research, the researcher
 explained the procedures and research objectives to all participants,
 after understanding the objectives of the study, participants were asked
 to sign a consent form to become a respondent. This research has conducted
 a research service ethics test. Research ethical feasibility testing was
 carried out by the Health Research Ethics Commission, Faculty of Medicine
 and Health Sciences, Alauddin State Islamic University (UIN) Makassar. In
 the ethical test it was stated that this research had passed the ethical
 test and was eligible to continue the research. This is evidenced by the
 issuance of a letter from KEPK FKIK UIN Alauddin Makassar with the number
 C.82/KEPK/FKIK/IV/2022. The ethics of this research include respect for
 person, beneficence and non-maleficence, and
 justice.
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