cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t3
title: "Figure 2a" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t4
title: "Figure 2b" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t6
title: "Figure 2d" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t7
title: "Figure 3a" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t8
title: "Figure 3b" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101346.v1/t17
title: "Figure 9a" of "Anomalous centrality evolution of two-particle angular correlations from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 62 and 200 GeV"

description: FIG. 9. (a) Amplitude of SS 2D peak (jet-correlated pairs per final-state hadron) for data (solid points), GLS extrapolation from $p$ - $p$ data (dashed curve) and from the HIJING Monte Carlo (open points, dotted curve). (b) Single-particle production extrapolated from $p-p$ data (dashed curve, GLS), and from more-central Au-Au data (solid line) and HIJING (dash-dotted line, open points). (c) Single-particle hard-component production per $N-N$ binary collision from $p-p$ data, from more-central Au-Au data and from HIJING (open points). (d) Jet-correlated pair production (SS 2D peak) per $N-N$ binary collision extrapolated from $p-p$ data (GLS), and from Au-Au data (solid points) and HIJING (open points).
description: We present two-dimensional (2D) two-particle angular correlations on relative pseudorapidity $\eta$ and azimuth $\phi$ for charged particles from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ with transverse momentum $p_{t} \geq 0.15 \mathrm{GeV} / c,|\eta| \leq 1$ and $2 \pi$ azimuth. Observed correlations include $\mathrm{a}$ $\{$ same-side $\}$ (relative azimuth $&lt;\pi / 2$ ) $2 \mathrm{D}$ peak, a closely-related away-side azimuth dipole, and an azimuth quadrupole conventionally associated with elliptic flow. The same-side 2 D peak and away-side dipole are explained by semihard parton scattering and fragmentation (minijets) in proton-proton and peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. Those structures follow N-N binary-collision scaling in Au-Au collisions until midcentrality where a transition to a qualitatively different centrality trend occurs within a small centrality interval. Above the transition point the number of same-side and away-side correlated pairs increases rapidly \{relative to $\}$ binary-collision scaling, the $\eta$ width of the same-side $2 \mathrm{D}$ peak also increases rapidly $(\eta$ elongation) and the $\phi$ width actually decreases significantly. Those centrality trends are more remarkable when contrasted with expectations of jet quenching in a dense medium. Observed centrality trends are compared to \{ Isc hijing\} predictions and to the expected trends for semihard parton scattering and fragmentation in a thermalized opaque medium. We are unable to reconcile a semihard parton scattering and fragmentation origin for the observed correlation structure and centrality trends with heavy ion collision scenarios which invoke rapid parton thermalization. On the other hand, if the collision system is effectively opaque to few-GeV partons the observations reported here would be inconsistent with a minijet picture.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t10
title: "Figure 3d" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t12
title: "Figure 4b" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101347.v1/t13
title: "Figure 5a" of "Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC"

description: Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).
description: We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region $-3.7&lt;\eta&lt;-2.3$ using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be $1.4 \pm 0.1$ and $1.2 \pm 0.1$ for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of $\eta-y_{\text {beam }},$ are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (2009 Elsevier $B.V$. All rights reserved).
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.101346.v1/t3
title: "Figure 1c" of "Anomalous centrality evolution of two-particle angular correlations from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 62 and 200 GeV"

description: FIG. 1. (Color online) Perspective views of $2 \mathrm{D}$ charge-independent angular correlations $\Delta \rho / \sqrt{\rho_{\mathrm{ref}}}$ on $\left(\eta_{\Delta}, \phi_{\Delta}\right)$ for Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}}=200$ and $62 \mathrm{GeV}$ (top and bottom rows, respectively). Centrality increases left to right from most peripheral to most central. Corrected total cross-section fractions are (left to right) $84 \%-93 \%, 55 \%-64 \%, 18 \%-28 \%,$ and $0 \%-5 \%$ for the $200-\mathrm{GeV}$ data and $84 \%-95 \%, 56 \%-65 \%$ $18 \%-28 \%,$ and $0 \%-5 \%$ for the $62 \mathrm{GeV}$ data (see Tables III and IV).
description: We present two-dimensional (2D) two-particle angular correlations on relative pseudorapidity $\eta$ and azimuth $\phi$ for charged particles from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ with transverse momentum $p_{t} \geq 0.15 \mathrm{GeV} / c,|\eta| \leq 1$ and $2 \pi$ azimuth. Observed correlations include $\mathrm{a}$ $\{$ same-side $\}$ (relative azimuth $&lt;\pi / 2$ ) $2 \mathrm{D}$ peak, a closely-related away-side azimuth dipole, and an azimuth quadrupole conventionally associated with elliptic flow. The same-side 2 D peak and away-side dipole are explained by semihard parton scattering and fragmentation (minijets) in proton-proton and peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. Those structures follow N-N binary-collision scaling in Au-Au collisions until midcentrality where a transition to a qualitatively different centrality trend occurs within a small centrality interval. Above the transition point the number of same-side and away-side correlated pairs increases rapidly \{relative to $\}$ binary-collision scaling, the $\eta$ width of the same-side $2 \mathrm{D}$ peak also increases rapidly $(\eta$ elongation) and the $\phi$ width actually decreases significantly. Those centrality trends are more remarkable when contrasted with expectations of jet quenching in a dense medium. Observed centrality trends are compared to \{ Isc hijing\} predictions and to the expected trends for semihard parton scattering and fragmentation in a thermalized opaque medium. We are unable to reconcile a semihard parton scattering and fragmentation origin for the observed correlation structure and centrality trends with heavy ion collision scenarios which invoke rapid parton thermalization. On the other hand, if the collision system is effectively opaque to few-GeV partons the observations reported here would be inconsistent with a minijet picture.