cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000415
title: Gross Irrigation Demand April Schedule: Drip Irrigation On Demand

description: This data set contains the GROSS IRRIGATION DEMAND Schedule: Drip Irrigation on Demand in South Africa. Gross irrigation demand is the gross irrigation water  that needs to be abstracted from a source of water (e.g. dam) to satisfy the irrigated crop`s water requirement. In drip irrigation, conveyance losses of 10% were assumed, while wind/spray drift losses were set at 2% (assuming overhead irrigation), and no losses are incurred from crop interception. The soil profile was depleted to 50% of plant available water (PAW), before irrigation was applied to refill the soil profile to its drained upper limit (DUL) which  occurs daily.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24230515
title: Duan et al., 2023

description: These data are about the interaction between AMF and wheat to improve soil quality in semi-arid areas.
DOI: 10.15493/nccis.data.10000017
title: Linear trend in annual number of days with moderate to high rainfall (1921-2015) as defined as the annual count of days when precipitation ≥ 25mm

description: An updated analysis of trends in South African rainfall is presented in The Third National Communication (TNC) to UNFCCC published in 2018. The analysis builds on the studies of Kruger & Sekele (2012) and Mackellar et al. (2014). 

A total of 60 weather stations were used for the rainfall trend analysis spanning the period 1921-2015. Apart from the trends in the annual rainfall totals, long-term changes in rainfall can manifest in changes in rainfall extremes. An extreme rainfall trend analysis is also performed, based on rainfall extreme indices developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) (Wang and Feng, 2013).  The base period, from which the annual index values of all indices are determined (except the annual maxima and minima) was selected as 1981 – 2010, which can be considered to be the present general norm for similar trend studies. The trends were tested for significance at the 95% confidence level.

Based on the data, there is strong evidence of statistically significant increases in rainfall occurring over the southern interior regions, extending from the western interior of the Eastern Cape and eastern interior of the Western Cape northwards into the central interior region of the Northern Cape, over the period 1921-2015. Extreme daily rainfall events have increased over these same areas, with these increases also being statistically significant and extending northwards into North West, the Free State and Gauteng. Over Limpopo there is strong evidence of statistically significant decreases in annual rainfall totals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24230515.v2
title: Duan et al., 2023

description: These data are about the interaction between AMF and wheat to improve soil quality in semi-arid areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24230515.v1
title: Duan et al., 2023

description: These data are about the interaction between AMF and wheat to improve soil quality in semi-arid areas.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000277
title: Seasonal percentage (%) change in rainfall from the median projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for SON season under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Seasonal percentage (%) change in rainfall from the median projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for SON season under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.geoss.10000006
title: GRA2: Utilisable Groundwater Exploitation Potential in dry conditions

description: Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2, 2005.  Groundwater available in dry conditions. Units are m3/km2/a - grid with 1kmX1km cells
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.erubgf/cpwjae
title: 3-João Mendes Moreira.pptx

description: :unav
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000169
title: Minimum of Maximum Temperature for Near Future (2046-2065)

description: Model Run: Near future (2046 - 2065) (Near future (2046 - 2065)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.48331/scielo.erubgf
title: Apresentações das Coordenações Nacionais - SciELO Portugal

description: Apresentação de João Mendes Moreira no painel Apresentações das Coordenações Nacionais da Semana SciELO 25 Anos. Página do evento: https://25.scielo.org/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000383
title: Maximum of Maximum Temperature for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000068
title: Extreme Heat Waves Per Year Maximum Temperature > 35C On 3 Or More Consecutive Days

description: A heat wave is an extended period of excessively hot weather on consecutive days on which temperatures are well above normal, and which may be accompanied by high humidities, in which case the temperatures `feel` even higher. Within a South African context the following three definitions have been proposed for purposes of mapping: Heat waves are occurrences (per year) with Tmxd > 30 degree Celsius on 3 on more consecutive days, Extreme heat waves are either occurrences (per year) with Tmxd ≥ 35 degree Celsius on 3 or more consecutive days, i.e. a higher temperature threshold, or occurrences (per year) with Tmxd ≥ 30 degree Celsius on 5 or more consecutive days, i.e. a longer duration threshold. Heat waves are usually associated with synoptic scale anticyclonic, i.e. high pressure, circulation systems covering thousands of 2km in size and lasting for several days to weeks. 

In mapping heat waves over South Africa, the temperature database created by Schulze and Maharaj (2004) was used to compute frequencies of heat waves. In this temperature database daily maximum and minimum temperatures were generated for the 50 year period 1950 - 1999 at 429 700 one arc minute grid points covering the area, by using observed daily temperatures of varying durations from 973 temperature stations with quality controlled data which were infilled and extended to the common 50 year period by techniques outlined in Schulze and Maharaj (2004) and interpolated/extrapolated using regional and monthly temperature lapse rates.
DOI: 10.15493/dea.carbon.10000093
title: South African Land Cover 2018 Class K Sugarcane Irrigated Resampled to a 1km Grid

description: Raster-based land cover dataset representing the full South African landscape for the full year 2018. Derived from 20m Sentinel 2 imagery acquired between 01 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. Land cover information classes based on new Gazetted land cover standards and legend content used in 2013-14 national land cover data. All land cover and land-use classes generated using automated modelling procedures for full operational repeatability and change detection. Class 34 of the 2018 South African National land cover dataset was used to derive South African land cover 2018 Class K Sugarcane Irrigated for the current product and resampled to a 1000 x 1000m grid resolution Albers Equal Area map projection +proj=aea +lat_1=-22 +lat_2=-38 +lat_0=-30 +lon_0=25 +x_0=1400000 +y_0=1300000 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000345
title: Extremes (1950 - 2000) Of Minimum Temperatures (C) September

description: When days with very low or very high temperatures are experienced, the question is invariably asked as to whether that `extreme` minimum or maximum temperature was a record, either for the country or province, or for a specific location or month of the year. It is for that reason that `extremes` of temperatures, at both ends of the spectrum, were extracted from the daily temperature database generated by Schulze and Maharaj (2004) for the 51 year period (in this case) from 1950 to 2000, and analysed in tabular and mapped form. While these maps/tables are informative and interesting, there are nevertheless some limitations as to their accuracy, for reasons which are discussed in the shaded blocks containing some scientific background to the analyses.Limitations over South Africa to mapping extremes of temperatures, the generation of daily temperature time series at one arc minute spatial resolution at the 429 700 grid points covering South Africa depends on the selection of "best" control stations, extrapolating to altitudes above that of the highest-lying station in a particular region, as well as computational procedures regarding initial and final daily temperature values (Schulze and Maharaj, 2004). With respect to extreme minimum temperatures, no account has been taken of cold air drainage into valleys, which may aggravate minimum extremes.

Extremes of temperatures were derived from over 970 qualifying stations` records for the 51 year (1950 - 2000) time series of quality controlled daily maximum and minimum values generated at each of the 429 700 one arc minute (i.e. 1.7 x 1.7 km) raster points covering South Africa, using the regional/seasonal lapse rate and infilling techniques developed by Schulze and Maharaj (2004). In order to avoid analysing and mapping anomalous temperature extremes resulting from incorrect recordings, the extremes which were derived are therefore taken as the means of the two highest or lowest values found in the temperature time series at each grid point.
DOI: 10.15493/bea.data.10000035
title: IAP-NOT: Invasive Alien Plants - Pelleting (Catchments)

description: * Technical Challenges - Existing expertise and infrastructure in respect of `Working for Water` programmes exist, and pelleting equipment can easily be scaled to suit requirements. * Cost Challenges - The ten top projects are feasible, producing wood pellets within the range of current fuelwood and charcoal prices locally. * Policy Challenges - The projects are feasible and well aligned with existing expertise and infrastructure in respect of `Working for Water` programmes. Integration with DEA `Working for Energy` required. * Environmental Challenges - The net impact on greenhouse gas emissions is at best neutral, given that sequestrated carbon will be removed in the short term and may not be replaced by indigenous biomass entirely. If pellets are used mostly for fuelwood replacement, net effects are limited to production emissions.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000294
title: Rainfall days per month for Current Climate (1950-1999)

description: Model Run: Control - Current Climate (Observed/current climate as modelled by climate model). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000427
title: Lightning Ground-Flash Density After Csir (1994)

description: Deaths from lightning worldwide range between 0.2 and 1.7 per million of population per annum. South Africa, however, is considered to be a country prone to high lightning-related deaths, in which lightning-related deaths occur at 4 times the global average, with a four year period recording 1.5 deaths per million of South Africa urban population and 8.8 for the rural population (Gill, 2006).
Where lightning is identified and recorded, storm patterns are easily detected, and this information assists in up-to-the minute accurate weather "nowcasting". Such storm patterns can move quickly and cause significant damage to life and property in a short space of time. Lightning verification systems are, therefore, useful in discouraging false claims. Information on lightning is also important in the power generating industry, overland transport, aviation and in starting lightning induced fires in grassveld.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000185
title: Passion Fruit: Optimum Growth Areas - Criterion 6: Maximum temperatures should not exceed 35 degree Celsius on any two consecutive days per month

description: Passion fruit are believed to have originated from southern Brazil (Kenyaweb, 2005).The most commonly commercially grown of 55 edible species of passion fruit is Passiflora edulis, which consists of perennial woody vines with each producing about 100 fruits per year (RBGK, 2005). In South Africa passion fruit ideally requires a cool subtropical climate for optimum production (Smith, 1998). The vines prefer moderate temperatures throughout the year, with monthly means of daily maxima < 29 degree Celsius. The plants are sensitive to severe frosts, and monthly means of minimum temperatures should be > 6 degree Celsius (NDA, 2005). For commercial production under rainfed conditions MAP should ideally exceed 1 200 mm and be well distributed throughout the year (NDA, 2005), as it is important to maintain the soil moist throughout the growing season to keep the vines flowering and fruiting for longer periods and prevent the fruit from shriveling and falling prematurely (Kenyaweb, 2005). Total commercial production of passion fruit in South Africa is 1 300t per season, with a range (between 1998/9 - 2003/4) in more recent from 900 - 1 700 t (NDA, 2005).The gross value is R65 million/year (NDA, 2005).

Criteria for climatically optimum growth areas for passion fruit were refined by Bower (2005). Six criteria were identified and using the 1` x 1` gridded information on temperature related parameters derived by Schulze and Maharaj (2004), the following criteria were mapped: Criterion 1: > 330 days per year with a minimum temperature exceeding 2 degree Celsius; Criterion 2: Fewer than 2 consecutive days per annum with minimum temperatures < -2 degree Celsius; Criterion 3: There should not be > 3 consecutive frost days per annum; Criterion 4: In total, there should be < 25 days per annum with frost; Criterion 5: Maximum temperatures should be < 28 degree Celsius on at least 25 days of each month; Criterion 6: Maximum temperatures should not exceed 35 degree Celsius on any two consecutive days per month. Mapped criteria were given either categorical or probabilistic weightings and when the six maps were superimposed, suitable and less suitable climatically optimum growth areas could be identified. The assumption was made that for commercial production the passion
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000171
title: Number of days for Minimum Temperature over 90th percentile for Near Future (2046-2065)

description: Model Run: Near future (2046 - 2065) (Near future (2046 - 2065)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.4121/3ae7c6fa-879c-4dcd-a515-11c13151d7b0.v1
title: Data underlying the publication: 'Multistep magnetization switching in orthogonally twisted ferromagnetic monolayers'.

description: This file contains the magneto-transport measurement data and the atomistic spin dynamic simulations associated with the publication "Multistep magnetization switching in orthogonally twisted ferromagnetic monolayers" by C. Boix-Constant <em>et al.</em>
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000081
title: Seasonal total rainfall (mm per 3-month season) change from the median projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for MAM season under the RCP 4.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (MAM) rainfall (mm per month) change from the median projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 4.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the medium to low (RCP4.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 560ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000133
title: Annual total rainfall (mm per year) change from the 90% percentile, projected for 2036 - 2065 relative to the present (1976-2005) under the of the RCP 8.5 pathway conditions.

description: Annual total rainfall (mm per year) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of annual change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000192
title: Accumulated Positive Chill Units (May - September)

description: Certain biennial plants which have a dormant (i.e. rest) season during winter may require a period of accumulated minimum temperatures below a threshold in order to stimulate growth, develop leaves, flower or set fruit. Deciduous trees, for example, need a certain period of winter chilling for completion of their seasonal dormancy. Insufficient winter chilling may result in delayed foliation, reduced fruit set (including fruits remaining small and being misshapen as they ripen) and reduced fruit quality (including reduced firmness, and/or greener fruit coloration). The required amount of chilling for completion of the rest period varies between species, cultivars and different locations. Many chill accumulation models have been formulated, most of them requiring hourly temperatures to have either been observed or estimated. The Linsley-Noakes PCU model was used to produce maps of chill units in this Atlas. The techniques by which PCUs were computed and then mapped are described in the shaded sections which follow.

Derivation of hourly values of temperature for the determination of PCUs hourly values of temperature were determined from the 50 year time series of daily maximum and minimum temperatures generated at each of the 429 700 raster points covering South Africa, using the techniques described by Schulze and Maharaj (2004). For each daytime and night-time cycle the sine-log equations derived by Linsley-Noakes et al. (1995) were employed. In these equations the estimation of hourly temperatures is based on the observation that the daytime solar cycle follows a sine curve from sunrise to sunset, whereas night-time cooling may be described by a logarithmic equation.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000202
title: Mean of Maximum Temperature for Current Climate (1950-1999)

description: Model Run: Control - Current Climate (Observed/current climate as modelled by climate model). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000020
title: Actual Vapour Pressure (April)

description: Actual vapour pressure is the variable expressing atmospheric moisture content through the partial pressure exerted by the water vapour present in the atmosphere. 

The monthly uncorrected vapour pressure, ed, at any given location in South Africa was subsequently held constant for that entire month and derivatives of ed, such as daily maximum and minimum relative humidity or daily vapour pressure deficit which depend on ratios of uncorrected actual to saturated vapour pressure, were then computed using daily maximum/minimum temperatures as inputs to daily saturated vapour pressure calculations, which were in turn used with that location's monthly uncorrected actual vapour pressure.