cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5809197
title: Data from External immunity in ant societies: sociality and colony size do not predict investment in antimicrobials.

description: Social insects live in dense groups with a high probability of disease transmission and have therefore faced strong pressures to develop defences against pathogens. For this reason, social insects have been hypothesized to invest in antimicrobial secretions as a mechanism of external immunity to prevent the spread of disease. However, empirical studies linking the evolution of sociality with increased investment in antimicrobials have been relatively few. Here we quantify the strength of antimicrobial secretions among 20 ant species that cover a broad spectrum of ant diversity and colony sizes. We extracted external compounds from ant workers to test whether they inhibited the growth of the bacterium <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Because all ant species are highly social, we predicted that all species would exhibit some antimicrobial activity and that species that form the largest colonies would exhibit the strongest antimicrobial response. Our comparative approach revealed that strong surface antimicrobials are common to particular ant clades, but 40% of species exhibited no antimicrobial activity at all. We also found no correlation between antimicrobial activity and colony size. Rather than relying on antimicrobial secretions as external immunity to control pathogen spread, many ant species have likely developed alternative strategies to defend against disease pressure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5809197.v2
title: Data from External immunity in ant societies: sociality and colony size do not predict investment in antimicrobials.

description: Social insects live in dense groups with a high probability of disease transmission and have therefore faced strong pressures to develop defences against pathogens. For this reason, social insects have been hypothesized to invest in antimicrobial secretions as a mechanism of external immunity to prevent the spread of disease. However, empirical studies linking the evolution of sociality with increased investment in antimicrobials have been relatively few. Here we quantify the strength of antimicrobial secretions among 20 ant species that cover a broad spectrum of ant diversity and colony sizes. We extracted external compounds from ant workers to test whether they inhibited the growth of the bacterium <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Because all ant species are highly social, we predicted that all species would exhibit some antimicrobial activity and that species that form the largest colonies would exhibit the strongest antimicrobial response. Our comparative approach revealed that strong surface antimicrobials are common to particular ant clades, but 40% of species exhibited no antimicrobial activity at all. We also found no correlation between antimicrobial activity and colony size. Rather than relying on antimicrobial secretions as external immunity to control pathogen spread, many ant species have likely developed alternative strategies to defend against disease pressure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5809197.v1
title: Data from External immunity in ant societies: sociality and colony size do not predict investment in antimicrobials

description: Social insects live in dense groups with a high probability of disease transmission and have therefore faced strong pressures to develop defences against pathogens. For this reason, social insects have been hypothesized to invest in antimicrobial secretions as a mechanism of external immunity to prevent the spread of disease. However, empirical studies linking the evolution of sociality with increased investment in antimicrobials have been relatively few. Here we quantify the strength of antimicrobial secretions among 20 ant species that cover a broad spectrum of ant diversity and colony sizes. We extracted external compounds from ant workers to test whether they inhibited the growth of the bacterium <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Because all ant species are highly social, we predicted that all species would exhibit some antimicrobial activity and that species that form the largest colonies would exhibit the strongest antimicrobial response. Our comparative approach revealed that strong surface antimicrobials are common to particular ant clades, but 40% of species exhibited no antimicrobial activity at all. We also found no correlation between antimicrobial activity and colony size. Rather than relying on antimicrobial secretions as external immunity to control pathogen spread, many ant species have likely developed alternative strategies to defend against disease pressure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5809221
title: Ibis data from From wetland specialist to hand-fed generalist: shifts in diet and condition with provisioning for a recently urbanized wading bird.

description: Spreadsheet containing the diets, behavior, morphometrics, and habitat use for 193 American white ibises. The sheet "Ibis data" contains one row per bird and the sheet "Metadata" contains descriptions of each field in the data sheet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5809221.v2
title: Ibis data from From wetland specialist to hand-fed generalist: shifts in diet and condition with provisioning for a recently urbanized wading bird.

description: Spreadsheet containing the diets, behavior, morphometrics, and habitat use for 193 American white ibises. The sheet "Ibis data" contains one row per bird and the sheet "Metadata" contains descriptions of each field in the data sheet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5809221.v1
title: Ibis data from From wetland specialist to hand-fed generalist: shifts in diet and condition with provisioning for a recently urbanized wading bird

description: Spreadsheet containing the diets, behavior, morphometrics, and habitat use for 193 American white ibises. The sheet "Ibis data" contains one row per bird and the sheet "Metadata" contains descriptions of each field in the data sheet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817876
title: Dataset-Brahma-Mandal-Gadagkar-2018 (excel file) from Current indirect fitness and future direct fitness are not incompatible.

description: Data, GLMM analysis and bootstrap analysis
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817876.v2
title: Dataset-Brahma-Mandal-Gadagkar-2018 (excel file) from Current indirect fitness and future direct fitness are not incompatible.

description: Data, GLMM analysis and bootstrap analysis
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817912
title: Cholewiak_etal_RSOS171298_S2_SongAnalyses_Summary from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions.

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. Summary of switching rate and Evenness results for focal and second singers
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817876.v1
title: Dataset-Brahma-Mandal-Gadagkar-2018 (excel file) from Current indirect fitness and future direct fitness are not incompatible

description: Data, GLMM analysis and bootstrap analysis
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817903
title: Cholewiak_etal_RSOS171298_S3_SUMMARY_Singer_Movement_Data from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions.

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. Movement data for focal and and second singer in 11 singer dyads. All movement data were generated empirically through acoustic localization. Data include the starting distance between singers when a second male began singing, ending distances (at the end of the analysis period or when one male quit), change in distance, the outcome (both continued singing for the entire analysis period, or one male quit), and the meander ratios for both singers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817909
title: Cholewiak_etal_Solo_Start_End_Positions from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions.

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. These data represent the empirical X-Y start and end positions for solo singers used in generation of the null distributions that were used to test whether singing males approached or avoided one another more than expected by chance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817912.v2
title: Cholewiak_etal_RSOS171298_S2_SongAnalyses_Summary from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions.

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. Summary of switching rate and Evenness results for focal and second singers
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817903.v2
title: Cholewiak_etal_RSOS171298_S3_SUMMARY_Singer_Movement_Data from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions.

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. Movement data for focal and and second singer in 11 singer dyads. All movement data were generated empirically through acoustic localization. Data include the starting distance between singers when a second male began singing, ending distances (at the end of the analysis period or when one male quit), change in distance, the outcome (both continued singing for the entire analysis period, or one male quit), and the meander ratios for both singers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817912.v1
title: Cholewiak_etal_RSOS171298_S2_SongAnalyses_Summary from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. Summary of switching rate and Evenness results for focal and second singers
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817909.v2
title: Cholewiak_etal_Solo_Start_End_Positions from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions.

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. These data represent the empirical X-Y start and end positions for solo singers used in generation of the null distributions that were used to test whether singing males approached or avoided one another more than expected by chance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817903.v1
title: Cholewiak_etal_RSOS171298_S3_SUMMARY_Singer_Movement_Data from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. Movement data for focal and and second singer in 11 singer dyads. All movement data were generated empirically through acoustic localization. Data include the starting distance between singers when a second male began singing, ending distances (at the end of the analysis period or when one male quit), change in distance, the outcome (both continued singing for the entire analysis period, or one male quit), and the meander ratios for both singers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817909.v1
title: Cholewiak_etal_Solo_Start_End_Positions from Songbird dynamics under the sea: acoustic interactions between humpback whales suggest song mediates male interactions

description: Accompanying results for RSOS-171298. These data represent the empirical X-Y start and end positions for solo singers used in generation of the null distributions that were used to test whether singing males approached or avoided one another more than expected by chance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817936
title: Data description and result tables. from Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity.

description: Correlation analyses (table S1), structural equation models (table S2), variance partitioning (tables S3-S6), data and variables (tables S7-S8), GeoSSE (tables S9-S10).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817936.v2
title: Data description and result tables. from Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity.

description: Correlation analyses (table S1), structural equation models (table S2), variance partitioning (tables S3-S6), data and variables (tables S7-S8), GeoSSE (tables S9-S10).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5817936.v1
title: Data description and result tables. from Evolutionary time drives global tetrapod diversity

description: Correlation analyses (table S1), structural equation models (table S2), variance partitioning (tables S3-S6), data and variables (tables S7-S8), GeoSSE (tables S9-S10).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5821572
title: Data and python scripts for plotting figures from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter.

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that the frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, rather than only the binary presence or absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that, for one word in around every hundred a person encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5821575
title: Word sample used in the manuscript from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter.

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that the frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, rather than only the binary presence or absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that, for one word in around every hundred a person encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5821572.v2
title: Data and python scripts for plotting figures from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter.

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that the frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, rather than only the binary presence or absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that, for one word in around every hundred a person encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5821575.v2
title: Word sample used in the manuscript from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter.

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that the frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, rather than only the binary presence or absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that, for one word in around every hundred a person encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5821572.v1
title: Data and python scripts for plotting figures from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, not just the binary presence or the absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that for one word in around every hundred someone encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5821575.v1
title: Word sample used in the manuscript from How humans transmit language: horizontal transmission matches word frequencies among peers on Twitter

description: Language transmission, the passing on of language features such as words between people, is the process of inheritance that underlies linguistic evolution. To understand how language transmission works, we need a mechanistic understanding based on empirical evidence of lasting change of language usage. Here, we analysed 200 million online conversations to investigate transmission between individuals. We find that frequency of word usage is inherited over conversations, not just the binary presence or the absence of a word in a person's lexicon. We propose a mechanism for transmission whereby for each word someone encounters there is a chance they will use it more often. Using this mechanism, we measure that for one word in around every hundred someone encounters, they will use that word more frequently. As more commonly used words are encountered more often, this means that it is the frequencies of words which are copied. Beyond this, our measurements indicate that this per-encounter mechanism is neutral and applies without any further distinction as to whether a word encountered in a conversation is commonly used or not. An important consequence of this is that frequencies of many words can be used in concert to observe and measure language transmission, and our results confirm this. These results indicate that our mechanism for transmission can be used to study language patterns and evolution within populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5827608
title: UV-visible-near infrared spectroscopy data from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial nano-thin films.

description: The raw data of photocatalytic degradation characteristics of LCO films
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5827608.v2
title: UV-visible-near infrared spectroscopy data from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial nano-thin films.

description: The raw data of photocatalytic degradation characteristics of LCO films
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5827608.v1
title: UV-visible-near infrared spectroscopy data from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial nano-thin films

description: The raw data of photocatalytic degradation characteristics of LCO films
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5827611
title: X-ray diffraction data from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial nano-thin films.

description: The raw data of ω-scans(rocking curve) of LCO films
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5827611.v2
title: X-ray diffraction data from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial nano-thin films.

description: The raw data of ω-scans(rocking curve) of LCO films
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5827611.v1
title: X-ray diffraction data from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial nano-thin films

description: The raw data of ω-scans(rocking curve) of LCO films
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5844963
title: Electronic Supplementary Material from The influence of the few: a stable ‘oligarchy’ controls information flow in house-hunting ants.

description: Dataset
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5844963.v2
title: Electronic Supplementary Material from The influence of the few: a stable ‘oligarchy’ controls information flow in house-hunting ants.

description: Dataset
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5844963.v1
title: Electronic Supplementary Material from The influence of the few: a stable ‘oligarchy’ controls information flow in house-hunting ants

description: Dataset