cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287276
title: Evaluation of thermal comfort and air changes in indoor environments with solar chimneys

description: Abstract The use of natural ventilation strategies to provide thermal comfort and air changes is necessary in most of the Brazilian territory. In this context, solar chimneys can promote benefits such as increase air changes and enhance the thermal comfort of building users. This paper aims to investigate the ability of a solar chimney model to provide thermal comfort and air changes in classrooms and offices. We ran two stages of energy performance simulations on EnergyPlus: the first stage evaluated parameters such as height, number of installed devices per room and solar orientation aimed at providing more hours of comfort and air renewal in four Brazilian cities; the second stage expanded the scope of the devices/rooms simulated to eight Brazilian cities. In the second evaluation, the variation of climate conditions had an impact of up to 80% on comfort hours. The influence of the devices led to an average increase of 28% in comfort in classrooms and 21% in offices. The air change rates were between 2.4 and 13.5 ACH. The best performances were observed in the cities in ZB1, ZB2, ZB3, ZB4, and ZB5, demonstrating the potential benefits using this solar chimney in those bioclimatic zones.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287275
title: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for inspection of pathological manifestations on ceramic coated facades

description: Abstract The world is undergoing a revolution, with high demand for the use of technology in industrial processes notably due to the need for optimisation of time, which poses a significant challenge. Hence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly relevant as novel, more agile and secure devices.This study was aimed at performing an exploratory study of the use of UAVs as a tool for the visual inspection of pathological manifestations in building facades. The methodology included experimental research, where two case studies were carried out in buildings of medium and high height, developing for these purposes the protocol of activities, where the image collection and processing stages were contemplated. Thus, the results proved the technical feasibility and efficacy of the inspection, showing that among the visual assets produced, the digital photographs generated by the aircraft were more effective in detecting pathologies than the models generated by the Agisoft PhotoScan software. The main contribution of this study is the validation of the technological package designed to assist in the diagnosis of pathological manifestations based on the formulation of a protocol for facade inspections using UAVs and a comparative analysis of the visual assets that can be generated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287274
title: Free tool for sustainable design projects: case study on health research public laboratories

description: Abstract Health research laboratory buildings need to comply with building regulations and biosafety standards, according to the type of laboratory proposed. In Brazil, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), a reference center in health research, has been developing projects that address issues related to sustainability. It has proven to be a difficult task to combine sustainability requirements for public buildings with biosafety requirements. This article aims to investigate the potential use of a free tool for assessing sustainability in the built environment of health research laboratory installations, which are usually located in public buildings, as well as to examine to what extent these installations meet biosafety requirements, through an evidence-based approach. In order to do this, the researchers used the case study of a design for a laboratory building of Fiocruz that must meet biological safety requirements of risk NB-3 and sustainability through the free evaluation SBTool. The resulting analysis matrix indicates that the dictates of biosafety bring restrictions to the design of the laboratory installations and still impose limitations for sustainability. Despite some restrictions, the proposed tool may reduce public spending on commercial certifications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287273
title: Research instruments on environmental quality applied to small children with Down Syndrome

description: Abstract Children aged between 4 to 7 years play a minor role in academic studies in Architecture and Urbanism, a situation related to the difficulty of obtaining their opinions, especially those with intellectual disabilities, such as Children with Down Syndrome (CDS). Therefore, little is known about their perception of the built environment. For this to change, instruments should be developed in order to approach these children, which could contribute both to valuing their opinion and supporting the professional practice of architects. This finding led to exploratory, qualitative and interdisciplinary research to create research tools directed to young CDS, and obtain their opinion about the built environment. The study was based on: (a) literature review; (b) expert panels, comprising 10 parents and 28 professionals. Based on this information, three research instruments were prepared: Spatial Qualification Chart, Illustrated Cards and Make-believe in a Three-Dimensional Physical Model. They are tested with eleven CDS. The results showed that: (i) the proposed instruments fit the task; (ii) some care can facilitate the work with this public; (iii) the participating children perceive and qualify the space - which justifies new research endeavors with CDS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287271
title: Digital image processing for automatic detection of cracks in buildings coatings

description: Abstract In the phase of diagnosis of pathological manifestations in facades, the visual inspection stage deserves special attention due to its inherent complexity (height, size, access difficulties and exposure conditions). In recent years, there has been a growing use of deep learning techniques to detect and classify specific features in images and videos, which, when combined with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for capturing images, is a potentially useful tool to assist and automate the procedures of visual inspection of facades. This paper aims to perform an analysis of digital image processing for the automatic detection of cracks in ceramic tiles, associated with UAVs or drones, which could potentially bring benefits (time, cost and safety) to the diagnostic process. The research results demonstrated the technical feasibility of detecting cracks through PDI techniques, however, the procedure is a complex process when there is high variation in the study images. At the same time, even in case of a limiting scenario such as the lack of public datasets for the problem, this research project still managed to develop a simple and efficient methodology to deal with the issue proposed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287268
title: Behaviour assessment of ready-to-use mortar with waterproofing treatment with crystallizing admixtures

description: Abstract The presence of water in coating rendering mortar is the main cause of the onset and dissemination of pathological problems, compromising durability and the surface protection of walls under harsh weather. On the other hand, waterproofing treatments as crystallising admixtures are designed to create a barrier against water penetration. This research study assessed 36 hours’ and 72 hours’ ready-to-use mortars, with and without the application of crystallising admixtures (liquid and powder), in order to evaluate their behaviour in the presence of humidity in the liquid and vapour states. The mechanical strength and permeability were evaluated in hardened mortars. The conclusion was that the 36 h mortars had the best results. The treatment with crystallising admixtures reduced water absorption and increased mechanical strength. The liquid crystallising admixture proved to be more appropriate, since the powder crystallising admixture decreased vapour permeability, which causes damage to the coating.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287266
title: Characterization and use of sugarcane bagasse ash in soil-cement bricks

description: Abstract In Brazil, the sugar and alcohol industries generate important products such as alcohol and sugar, and produce byproducts as sugarcane bagasse ash (SBAS). The SBAS has a high pozzolan content and can be applied as a partial cement substitute in the production of building materials. This study aims to characterise sugarcane bagasse ash and use it as a supplementary cementitious material in the production of soil-cement bricks. SBAS was used to replace the percentages of cement used in brick composition in the proportions of 10, 20 and 50% by mass. The chemical characterisation of SBAS indicated the presence of crystalline silica in the form of quartz and cristobalite. After partial replacement of cement by ash, the bricks preserved their compressive strength. Among the compositions studied, the partial replacement of cement by SBAS at 20% presented the highest compressive strength. The results showed that SBAS is a suitable byproduct for the manufacture of sustainable building materials.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287264
title: Life cycle energy assessment and carbon dioxide emissions of wall systems for rural houses

description: Abstract Wall systems have a wide range of embodied energy due to the diversity of materials available. This paper analyzes the expenditure of energy and carbon dioxide emissions in internal and external wall systems (IEWS) of a rural residence of social interest in Cascavel, state of Paraná, Brazil. The methodology proposed by NBR ISO 14040 was used to perform a life-cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and the carbon dioxide emissions assessment (LCCO2A) of these systems. Four scenarios were considered: reinforced concrete structure and ceramic blocks wall system, load-bearing masonry with concrete blocks, steel framing and reinforced concrete walls molded on site. As a result, it was found that it is possible to reduce energy consumption up to 25% by opting for reinforced concrete walls molded on site. In regards to CO2 emission, it was verified that the difference is even greater, being able to reduce emissions by almost 32% when opting for this same scenario.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287262
title: Estimation of strength and stiffness in compression parallel to the grain of Pinus sp. by colorimetry

description: Abstract Strength and stiffness properties of the wood, fundamental in a structural design, are determined based on mechanical tests. Among the mechanical properties of wood, the strength (f c0 ) and stiffness (E c0 ) to compression in the parallel direction to the grain. Color is a characteristic of each species. If the f c0 and E c0 properties of a wood species are determined experimentally, based on a significant number of characterized samples, the correlation of these properties through equations obtained by regression makes it possible to estimates of such properties without the need for new tests, a procedure with potential for application by companies of the wood industry. With the aid of the CIE L*a*b* system and 403 pieces of wood from Pinus sp. equations obtained by regression analysis were used to estimate the E c0 and f c0 as a function of colorimetric parameters and also the number of growth rings. From the estimate of E c0 (R 2 = 43.61%), by ANOVA of the regression equation, it was found significance only in the number of growth rings (Nle). For the compressive strength parallel to the grain (R 2 = 48.53%), only the colorimetric parameters and the interactions of these parameters significantly affected the f c0 .
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287256
title: Castor oil based polyurethane adhesive content on OSSB produced with soybean straw

description: Abstract Oriented Structural Straw Board (OSSB) panels are composites made from straw originally from agricultural residues and non-formaldehyde based adhesive, whose main application is for construction as a closing and ceiling material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the polyurethane adhesive content on physical and mechanical properties of OSSB produced with locally available SbS (soybean straw). Four castor oil based polyurethane ratios (6%, 9%, 12% and 15%, by mass of the SbS) were tested. OSSB was evaluated according to European standards for wood-based composites; also, a physical and chemical characterization of the SbS was performed. SbS has an irregular shape, which reduced the OSSB mechanical performance due to the low densification of the composite and the development of transversal cracks on the SbS after the OSSB manufacturing process. The static bending and thickness swelling performance of SbS OSSB was not improved by the increase of polyurethane adhesive content. SbS low ash content and neutral pH extractives indicates that probably its chemical properties should not affect the setting of the adhesive.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287251
title: The potential of automated rule-based verification for fire safety measures in BIM

description: Abstract The aim of this study is the operationalisation of Eastman et al.’s (2009) code checking method applied to the modelling and automated verification of fire regulations for multifamily residential units in the state of São Paulo, using specific BIM tools. The method adopted was constructive research. The solution evaluation process applied the methodology in the verification of a five-stories H-shaped residential building in a social housing project built by the Housing and Urban Development Company of the state of São Paulo. The resulting devices are as follows: (i) a set of rules for fire safety code-checking for buildings with an area of over 750 m 2 and a height of 6 m to 12 m, which can be replicated to 90.8% of the remaining heights; (ii) a hierarchy to guide the coordination of the application of the various modules and rules on the object of study; (iii) a description of the required preparation of the BIM model; and (vi) clarification of the subset of model objects and properties needed for the automated verification process, which provides indications of a specific Model View Definition (MVD) for this code checking. The solution developed will make it possible to maximise the application of laws and regulations related to fire safety measures in buildings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287249
title: Chloride penetration in concretes exposed in a marine atmosphere zone for a period of 9 years

description: Abstract Corrosion in reinforced concrete structures is the most recurrent pathological manifestation in concrete structures, causing greater concern in coastal regions due to the presence of chloride ions. That said, there is a notable lack of data on the chloride concentration of concrete in natural conditions of exposure, especially in the marine atmosphere zone. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the chloride profiles of concrete blocks molded with silica fume contents of 5% (CP V_5SA) and 10% (CP V_10SA) in relation to cement mass and w/b ratios of 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65. The concretes remained exposed in a marine atmosphere zone for a period of 9 years in Tramandaí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Powder samples were taken from the concrete blocks for further determination of the water-soluble chloride concentration. With regards to corrosion, the use of silica fume content in percentages of 5% and 10% is efficient in reducing chloride penetration; low w/b ratios showed higher surface concentrations. However, as the depth of the concrete surface increases, there is a reduction in these contents. In addition, the study showed that the reduction of the w/b ratio and the incorporation of silica fume were effective measures in reducing the concentration of chlorides over time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287247
title: Multi-objective optimisation targeted at the thermal performance of low-energy buildings design in southern Brazil

description: Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the potential of a multi-objective optimisation of architectural design solutions that offer better thermal comfort conditions and lower energy consumption. The study was applied in a rectangular box model as a single thermal zone, and different values were considered for the constructive parameters of the building. In addition, the following elements of the envelope were also analysed: solar orientation, the properties of opaque and transparent materials, window dimensions and sunshade. The EnergyPlus software associated with the JEPlus + EA parameterisation and optimisation tool were used for the simulations. The optimisation process considered the minimisation for both the Heating Degree Hours (GHa) and Cooling Degree Hours (GHr). This minimisation is interesting for cities with a humid temperate climate in southern Brazil, where it is necessary to adopt conflicting building design strategies due to the different winter and summer conditions. The results for the envelope configurations for one given model site orientation are presented through the Pareto Frontier. Hence, it is possible to identify the relationship between the various designed parameters assumed, with the minimisation of the established energy consumption requirements for the architectural model analysed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287244
title: Analysis of the residual yield (fy) and ultimate (fu) stress of steel reinforcing bars from concrete columns exposed to elevated temperatures

description: Abstract This paper presents results obtained in tensile tests performed in steel reinforcing bars with different diameters extracted from columns exposed for 240 minutes to the standard fire curve prescribed by ISO 834-1:1999. The square columns were 300 cm long and had a width of 25 mm. The longitudinal reinforcement consisted of 10 mm and 16 mm-diameter steel bars with a concrete cover thickness of 25, 30, 40, and 50 mm. Results showed that 16 mm-diameter bars presented lower yield (fy) and ultimate (fu) stress due to the larger spalled areas of concrete in those columns, which increased its exposure to elevated temperatures. Columns with higher concrete cover thickness (50 mm) presented larger volume of concrete spalling and were accounted to be 52 times higher than elements with cover thickness of 25 mm. It was verified that the residual yield stress was 29-56% lower than the original yield strength, highlighting the the need of a proper post-fire assessment of this type of structure after exposure to fire.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287243
title: Analysis of the application of temporal and maximum metrics in the evaluation of sound pollution generated by a helipad

description: Abstract Noise pollution in cities derives from various sources, including aeronautical noise. Aircraft noise is a potential cause of discomfort for the general population. National and international standards use temporal metrics, obtained through the logarithmic mean of instantaneous measurements over a period. But there is still potential for discomfort even in places where those criteria are met, as reported in the literature, especially when an aircraft flies over the receiver. This researchstudy aimed to evaluate the application of temporal and maximum metrics in the quantification of sound pollution generated by a helipad. Seventy hours of measurement were performed following to the procedures of NBR 13368 (ABNT, 1995) and dose-response curves were used to evaluate the results obtained. The results indicate that when using temporal metrics, the normative evaluation criteria are met, even though there is potential for discomfort of 30% of the population. During the measurements, differences of about 30 dB between background noise and peak noise were observed during aircraft overfly with an average frequency of 12 min. The conclusion is that meeting the evaluation criteria based on time metrics does not guarantee the acoustic comfort of the population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287240
title: Portlandite consumption by red ceramic waste due to alkali activation reaction

description: Abstract Red ceramics, due to the low compressive strength and high porosity, make it difficult to use it as an artificial aggregate in the production of mortars and concretes. However, since it has a silicon-rich composition, the ceramic material from blocks and tiles has been studied as a possible supplementary cementitious material in concrete and also as a raw material in alkali-activated binders. This paper aims to evaluate the content of calcium hydroxide (portlandite) fixed in the alkali activation reaction and the microstructure of red clay waste from construction and demolition waste (CDW) and hydrated lime mixtures, varying the atomic ratio between the silicon and the calcium. The results indicated that higher availability of lime is directly related to the content of hydrated compounds and its porosity. The increase in the silicon/calcium ratio resulted in a reduction of available lime content by 40% and an increase, in volume, of micropores by 7%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287239
title: Inclusive architecture: a co-design experience

description: Abstract This paper presents the use of co-design in architecture as a form of social inclusion for Visually Impaired People through a partnership between an association of blind people (community) and the Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism (Higher Education Institution). This article shows the results of a co-design action, which will assist in the achievement of a broader research goal, aiming to define co-design methods, techniques and tools applied to the inclusion of visually impaired people in the process of architecture, urbanism, landscaping and interior design. This research study reports on two stages of a co-design project: the co-design of a waiting / reception room and a socialising and leisure external area (with the Association’s adults), and the development of two toys for these spaces (with the Association’s children). The research methods chosen were focus groups, the interaction with the tactile model and accompanied tours. The results demonstrate the importance of co-design as a way to include visually impaired people, enhancing their well-being and self-esteem, as they effectively participate in the creation of the environment which they are part of and leave the passive zone that they normally find themselves in during the architectural design process.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14287238
title: Stakeholder perceptions of offsite construction techniques: systematic review

description: Abstract In the past few decades, a faster uptake has been noticed for offsite construction techniques, as supported by several relevant research streams. This study focused on the perceptions of stakeholders, which is an important research field, in terms of the manifold experiences and their critical role in decision-making. The purpose of this work was to gather quantifiable information regarding benefits and barriers of offsite construction to assist in the development or improvement of tools and strategic guidelines for the decision-making process. In total, 24 papers were selected by combining the systematic review with the snowball sampling technique to survey and quantify the perceptions of 1,625 stakeholders, and to obtain 238 barrier indexes and 99 benefit indexes. A hierarchical cluster analysis was also conducted to frame 10 clusters for benefits and another 10 for barriers. In addition, a co-citation analysis was carried out to identify 7 clusters and the associated connections between them. A database was provided with barriers and benefits, ranked by their relevance to offsite construction, as well as the bibliometrics and co-citation analysis that may help choose the best-fit source/perception for the purpose of the readers.