cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c0kt5
title: Data from: Testing for escalation in Lower Mississippian camerate crinoids

description: Crinoids were relatively unaffected by the end-Devonian Hangenberg mass
 extinction event. Major clades of Devonian durophagous fishes suffered
 significant extinctions, however, and the dominant surviving clades were
 biting or nipping predators. In part as a response to the Hangenberg
 event, early Mississippian crinoids underwent an adaptive radiation, while
 fish clades with a shell-crushing durophagous strategy diversified.
 Durophagous predators are inferred to have been more effective predators
 on camerate crinoids; and it is hypothesized, following the predictions of
 escalation, that through the early Mississippian, camerate crinoids
 evolved more effective anti-predatory strategies in response. We test this
 hypothesis of escalation by examining the changes in spinosity and plate
 convexity among camerate crinoids throughout this interval. A new method
 was formulated to test for an increase in convexity of the tegmen plates.
 Traits in Agaricocrinus, Aorocrinus, and Dorycrinus (Family Coelocrinidae)
 were tested for congruence to the escalation hypothesis, and results were
 mixed. Convexity of tegmen plates in Agaricocrinus, spine length/calyx
 diameter in Aorocrinus, calyx size in Aorocrinus, central spine length in
 Dorycrinus, and spine width in Dorycrinus did not have size increase
 trends supporting escalation. Rather than an increase in convexity, the
 variance of convexity in Agaricocrinus tegmen plates narrowed, which could
 reflect an optimum. Alternatively, morphological change consistent with
 the escalation hypothesis occurred in calyx size of Agaricocrinus and in
 lateral spine length and calyx size in Dorycrinus. Furthermore, central
 and lateral spine length, parameters of the spine width, and size trends
 support escalation when Aorocrinus and Dorycrinus are treated as a
 lineage. Thus, inferred escalation acted on traits differently within a
 single lineage and was relevant for both speciation and the
 diversification of a new genus.
description: Supplemental Table
 1Mean
 convexity values for PPCP1 and PPCP3 in all examined species of
 Agaricocrinus.Supplemental Table
 2Mean
 spine length/calyx diameter values for all examined species of
 Aorocrinus.Supplemental Table
 3Mean
 spine length/calyx diameter values of central spine, C-ray marginal spine,
 and E-ray marginal spine for all examined species of
 Dorycrinus.Supplemental Table
 4Mean
 trait values for each time bin for convexity and spine length
 values.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.43b1t
title: Data from: Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago

description: Remote locations, such as oceanic islands, typically harbour relatively
 few species, some of which go on to generate endemic radiations. Species
 colonising these locations tend to be a non-random subset from source
 communities, which is thought to reflect dispersal limitation. However,
 non-random colonisation could also result from habitat filtering, whereby
 only a few continental species can become established. We evaluate the
 imprints of these processes on the Galápagos flora by analysing a
 comprehensive regional phylogeny for ~ 39 000 species alongside
 information on dispersal strategies and climatic suitability. We found
 that habitat filtering was more important than dispersal limitation in
 determining species composition. This finding may help explain why
 adaptive radiation is common on oceanic archipelagoes – because colonising
 species can be relatively poor dispersers with specific niche
 requirements. We suggest that the standard assumption that plant
 communities in remote locations are primarily shaped by dispersal
 limitation deserves reconsideration.
description: Dispersal
 informationDispersal information
 for the 4339 plant species. Species are classified as possessing or
 lacking a long-distance dispersal strategy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8880
title: Data from: Fitness benefits and costs of cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana

description: When resources are limited, there is a tradeoff between
 growth/reproduction and stress defense in plants. Most temperate plant
 species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, can enhance freezing tolerance
 through cold acclimation at low but non-freezing temperatures. Induction
 of the cold acclimation pathway should be beneficial in environments where
 plants frequently encounter freezing stress, but might represent a cost in
 environments where freezing events are rare. In A. thaliana, induction of
 the cold acclimation pathway critically involves a small subfamily of
 genes known as the CBFs. Here, we test for a cost of cold acclimation by
 utilizing (1) natural accessions of A. thaliana that originate from
 different regions of the species native range and that have experienced
 different patterns of historical selection on their CBF genes, and (2)
 transgenic CBF over-expression and T-DNA insertion (knockdown/knockout)
 lines. While benefits of cold acclimation in the presence of freezing
 stress were confirmed, no cost of cold acclimation was detected in the
 absence of freezing stress. These findings suggest that cold acclimation
 is unlikely to be selected against in warmer environments, and that
 naturally occurring mutations disrupting CBF function in the southern part
 of the species range are likely to be selectively neutral. An
 unanticipated finding was that cold acclimation, in the absence of a
 subsequent freezing stress, resulted in increased fruit production, i.e.,
 fitness.
description: CostData
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.64835
title: Data from: Pollinator-mediated selection in a specialized hummingbird-Heliconia system in the eastern Caribbean

description: Phenotypic matches between plants and their pollinators often are
 interpreted as examples of reciprocal selection and adaptation. For the
 two co-occurring plant species, Heliconia bihai and H. caribaea in the
 Eastern Caribbean, we evaluated for five populations over two years the
 strength and direction of natural selection on corolla length and number
 of bracts per inflorescence. These plant traits correspond closely to the
 bill lengths and body masses of their primary pollinators, female or male
 purple-throated carib hummingbirds (Eulampis jugularis). In H. bihai,
 directional selection for longer corollas was always significant with the
 exception of one population in one year, whereas selection on bract
 numbers was rare and found only in one population in one year. In
 contrast, significant directional selection for more bracts per
 inflorescence occurred in all three populations of the yellow morph and in
 two populations of the red morph of H. caribaea, whereas significant
 directional selection on corolla length occurred in only one population of
 the red morph and one population of the yellow morph. Selection for longer
 corollas in H. bihai may result from better mechanical fit, and hence
 pollination, by the long bills of female E. jugularis, their sole
 pollinator. In contrast, competition between males of E. jugularis for
 territories may drive selection for more bracts in H. caribaea.
 Competitive exclusion of female E. jugularis by territorial males also
 implicates pollinator competition as a possible ecological mechanism for
 trait diversification in these plants.
description: Temeles et al Heliconia
 Bihai Population DataTemeles et al Heliconia
 bihai floral trait and seed set dataTemeles et al Heliconia
 caribaea red morph population dataTemeles et al Heliconia
 caribaea red morph population dataTemeles et al Heliconia
 caribaea yellow morph population dataTemeles et al Heliconia
 caribaea yellow morph floral trait and seed set data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ck52
title: Data from: The influence of pollinator phylogeography and mate preference on floral divergence in a sexually deceptive daisy

description: Divergent mate preferences and subsequent genetic differentiation between
 populations has been demonstrated, but its effects on interspecific
 interactions are unknown. Associated species exploiting these mate
 preferences, for example, may diverge to match local preferences. We
 explore this idea in the sexually deceptive, fly-mimicking daisy, Gorteria
 diffusa, by testing for association between genetic structure in the fly
 pollinator (a proxy for mate preference divergence) and geographic
 divergence in floral form. If genetic structure in flies influences
 interactions with G. diffusa, we expect phylogeographically distinct flies
 to be associated with different floral forms. Flies associated with forms
 exploiting only feeding behaviour often belonged to several
 phylogeographic clades, while flies associated with forms exploiting male
 mating behaviour always belonged to distinct clades, indicating the
 possibility of pollinator-mediated floral divergence through
 phylogeographic variation in mating preferences of male flies. We tested
 this hypothesis with reciprocal presentations using male flies from
 distinct clades associated with separate floral forms. Results show that
 males from all clades exhibit similar preferences, making pollinator
 driven divergence through geographic variation in mate preference
 unlikely. Males, however, showed evidence of learned resistance to
 deceptive traits, suggesting antagonistic interactions between plants and
 pollinators may drive deceptive floral trait evolution in G. diffusa.
description: Proportion mating
 behaviourData collected in the
 field during the austral spring in South Africa. Male flies were tested on
 floral arrays of two sexually deceptive floral morphotypes of the daisy,
 Gorteria diffusa. The proportion of visits to inflorescences by male flies
 that including mating behaviour is shown.Visitation details per
 male flyData collected in the
 field. Same experiment as Proportion mating behaviour file. Details of
 visitation, such as number inflorescences visited and the time spent on
 various behaviours by experimental male flies.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.15d8v
title: Data from: Exploring the interaction of avian frugivory and plant spatial heterogeneity and its effect on seed dispersal kernels using a simulation model

description: Seed dispersal by avian frugivores is one of the key processes influencing
 plant spatial patterns, but may fail if there is disruption of
 plant-frugivore mutualisms, such as decline in abundance of dispersers,
 fragmentation of habitat, or isolation of individual trees. We used
 simulation model experiments to examine the interaction between frugivore
 density and behaviour and the spatial arrangement of fruiting plants and
 its effect on seed dispersal kernels. We focussed on two New Zealand
 canopy tree species that produce large fruits and are dispersed
 predominantly by one avian frugivore (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae). Although
 the mean seed dispersal distance decreased when trees became more
 aggregated, there were more frugivore flights between tree clusters,
 consequently stretching the tails of the dispersal kernels. Conversely,
 when trees were less aggregated in the landscape, mean dispersal distances
 increased because seeds were deposited over larger areas, but the kernels
 had shorter tails. While there were no statistically meaningful changes in
 kernel parameters when frugivore density changed, decreases in density did
 cause a proportional reduction in the total number of dispersed seeds.
 However, birds were forced to move further when fruit availability and
 fruit ripening were low. Sensitivity analysis showed that dispersal
 kernels were primarily influenced by the model parameters relating to
 disperser behaviour, especially those determining attractiveness based on
 distance to candidate fruiting trees. Our results suggest that the spatial
 arrangement of plants plays an important role in seed dispersal processes
 – although tree aggregation curbed the mean seed dispersal distance, it
 was accompanied by occasional long distance events, and tree dispersion
 caused an increase in mean dispersal distance, both potentially increasing
 the probability of seeds finding suitable habitats for germination and
 growth. Even though low frugivore densities did not cause dispersal
 failure, there were negative effects on the quantity of seed dispersal
 because fewer seeds were dispersed.
description: Materials and Methods
 and ReferencesMaterials and Methods
 and ReferencesMaterials and Methods and
 Results.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4pv7r04
title: Data from: Experimental trait mis-matches uncover specificity of evolutionary links between multiple signaling traits and their interactions in hummingbirds

description: Many animal signals co-occur, and these signals may co-evolve due to their
 interactive properties. Previous work has demonstrated ecological drivers
 of evolutionary relationships between signals and the environment, which
 leads to questions about why specific signal pairs evolved among species
 that possess multiple signals. We asked whether the coloration of
 different species was optimized for presentation with its natural
 behavioral display. We investigated this in “bee” hummingbirds, where
 males exhibit angle-dependent structurally colored plumage and a
 stereotyped courtship (shuttle) display, by experimentally creating
 mis-matches between the behavior and plumage of five species and
 quantifying how these mis-matches influenced male color appearance during
 a display. Specifically, we moved the plumage from a given species through
 the courtship display of other species and quantified the resulting color
 appearance during the display in order to compare the mis-matched color
 appearance to each species’ natural color appearance. We found that
 mis-matches significantly altered display flashiness (% change in
 coloration during displays) compared to the natural plumage-behavior
 pairings, and that such departures in flashiness were predicted by
 differences in shuttle behaviors alone. These results illustrate a tight
 evolutionary relationship between shuttle displays and color flashiness in
 these hummingbirds. Further, we found that interspecific variation in male
 plumage, behavior, and natural color appearance predicted deviations
 between natural and mis-matched flashy color appearance. Altogether, our
 work provides a new method for testing coevolution of signals and
 highlights the complex evolutionary relationships between multiple signals
 and their interactions.
description: mismatch_RKS_datamismatch_RKS_data is an excel sheet with four tabs of data. The first tab contains information about each hummingbird male's morphology, display characteristics, plumage patch size, feather reflectance, display environment information, and chronological information. The second tab contains information about each male's individual displays; specifically the angular distances he moved, the angles at which he oriented himself relative to the female, and the photometric variables (luminance, UV cone stimulation, SW cone stimulation, MW cone stimulation, and LW cone stimulation). The third tab contains information about each re-created mis-match, with similar information to the second tab. The fourth tab contains the metadata for this sheet.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r572v
title: Data from: Perovskite solar cells in N-I-P structure with four layers slot-die coated

description: The fabrication of perovskite solar cells in an N-I-P structure with
 compact titanium dioxide blocking, mesoporous titanium dioxide scaffold,
 single step perovskite and hole transport layers deposited using the
 slot-die coating technique is reported. Devices on fluorine doped tin
 oxide coated glass substrates with evaporated gold top contacts and four
 slot-die coated layers reach stabilised power conversion efficiencies of
 7%. This work demonstrates the suitability of slot- die coating for the
 production of layers within this perovskite solar cell stack and the
 potential to transfer to large area and roll-to-roll manufacturing
 processes.
description: all_jv_dataJV data for boxplot etc.stabilised_current_reverseReverse scan vmp stabilised current measurementstabilised_current_forwardsForwards scan vmp stabilised current measurementcv_raw_datacyclic voltammetry dataxrd_raw_dataxrd data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b9m853tp
title: Data from: Scale-dependent adaptive evolution and morphological convergence to climatic niche in Californian eriogonoids (Polygonaceae)

description: Aim: Macroevolutionary patterns and processes change substantially
 depending on levels of taxonomic and ecological organization, and the
 resolution of environmental and spatial variability. In comparative
 methods, the resolution of environmental and spatial variability often
 defines the number of selective regimes used to test whether phenotypic
 characteristics are adaptively correlated with the environment. Here, we
 examine how investigator choice of the number of selective regimes,
 determined by varying the resolution of among-species variability in the
 species climatic niche (hereafter called ‘ecological scale’), influences
 trait morphological diversification among Eriogonoideae species. We assess
 whether adaptive or neutral processes drive the evolution of several
 morphological traits in these species. Location: South-western North
 America. Methods: We applied a phylogenetic framework of three
 evolutionary models to four morphological traits and the climatic niches
 of Eriogonoideae (in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae). We tested
 whether morphological traits evolve in relation to climate by adaptive or
 neutral process, and whether the resulting patterns of morphological
 variability are conserved or convergent across the clade. We inspected
 adaptive models of evolution under different levels of resolution of
 among-species variability of the climatic niche. Results: We show that
 morphological traits and climate niches of Eriogonoideae species are not
 phylogenetically conserved. Further, adaptive evolution of phenotypic
 traits is specific to climatic niche occupancy across this clade. Finally,
 the likely evolutionary process and the level of detectable niche
 conservatism change depending on the resolution of environmental
 variability of the climatic niche. Main conclusions: Our study
 demonstrates the need to consider both the resolution of environmental
 variability and alternative evolutionary models to understand the
 morphological diversification that accompanies divergent adaptive
 evolution of lineages to climatic conditions.
description: ITS_MATK_datamatrix_Eriogonoideae.phyPhylip format; data matrix of 61 species; 2829 charactersits_matk_out_seqmat_RAXML.phy
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7df61
title: Data from: Genetic and physiological data suggest demographic and adaptive responses in complex interactions between populations of figs (Ficus pumila) and their pollinating wasps (Wiebesia pumilae)

description: To study interactions between host figs and their pollinating wasps and
 the influence of climatic change on their genetic structures, we sequenced
 cytoplasmic and nuclear genes and genotyped nuclear microsatellite loci
 from two varieties of Ficus pumila, the widespread creeping fig and
 endemic jelly fig, and from their pollinating wasps, Wiebesia pumilae,
 found in Taiwan and on nearby offshore islands. Great divergence in the
 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) with no genetic
 admixture in nuclear markers indicated that creeping- and jelly-fig wasps
 are genetically distinct. Compared with creeping-fig wasps, jelly-fig
 wasps also showed better resistance under cold (20 °C) than warm (25 and
 30 °C) conditions in a survival test, indicating their adaptation to a
 cold environment, which may have facilitated population expansion during
 the ice age as shown by a nuclear intron and 10 microsatellite loci. An
 excess of amino acid divergence and a pattern of too many rare mtCOI
 variants of jelly-fig wasps as revealed by computer simulations and
 neutrality tests implied the effect of positive selection, which we
 hypothesize was associated with the cold-adaptation process. Chloroplast
 DNA of the two fig plants was completely segregated, with signs of genetic
 admixture in nuclear markers. As creeping- and jelly-fig wasps can
 pollinate creeping figs, occasional gene flow between the two figs is thus
 possible. Therefore, it is suggested that pollinating wasps may be playing
 an active role in driving introgression between different types of host
 fig.
description: microsatellite
 datawasp and plant
 microsatellite datamicrosatellite2012.xlspartial coding sequence of the wingless genepartial coding sequence of the wingless genewingless.fasnuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (ITS)-1nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (ITS)-1ITS1.fasthe third intron of the nitrate reductase gene (NIA-i3)the third intron of the nitrate reductase gene (NIA-i3)NIA-i3.fasintergenic region of chloroplast (cp) trnT-trnLintergenic region of chloroplast (cp) trnT-trnLtrn-mega.fas
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.044g3
title: Data from: Genetic and phenotypic changes in an Atlantic salmon population supplemented with non-local individuals: a longitudinal study over 21 years

description: While introductions and supplementations using non-native and potentially
 domesticated individuals may have dramatic evolutionary effects on wild
 populations, few studies documented the evolution of genetic diversity and
 life-history traits in supplemented populations. Here, we investigated
 year-to-year changes from 1989 to 2009 in genetic admixture at 15
 microsatellite loci and in phenotypic traits in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo
 salar) population stocked during the first decade of this period with two
 genetically and phenotypically distinct source populations. We detected a
 pattern of temporally increasing introgressive hybridization between the
 stocked population and both source populations. The proportion of fish
 returning to the river after a single winter at sea (versus several ones)
 was higher in fish assigned to the main source population than in local
 individuals. Moreover, during the first decade of the study, both
 single-sea-winter and multi-sea-winter (MSW) fish assigned to the main
 source population were smaller than local fish. During the second decade
 of the study, MSW fish defined as hybrids were lighter and smaller than
 fish from parental populations, suggesting outbreeding depression.
 Overall, this study suggests that supplementation with non-local
 individuals may alter not only the genetic diversity of wild populations
 but also life-history traits of adaptive significance.
description: Table of individual
 phenotypic and genetic dataFor each individual,
 this table documents its year and river of capture, cohort, body length,
 weight, the number of sea-winter (Single sea-winter vs Multiple
 sea-winter) and the genotypes at 15 microsatellite
 markersDryad-RSPB-2014-2765.xlsx