cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2bg2hb2h
title: Collaborative Research: Continuous Records of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosol Deposition During the Holocene: Testing the Fidelity of New Methods for Reconstructing Atmospheric Change

description: The primary goals of the project are to exploit new measurement techniques to evaluate the fidelity of methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide gas measurements in ice cores as records of atmospheric concentrations and change and to develop a first, high-resolution Northern Hemisphere record of atmospheric methane and carbon monoxide during the past 1400 years free of site- or ice-core-specific artifacts. To understand the influences of burial rate and history, ice impurities, as well as drilling and analytical techniques on ice core gas concentrations, the proposed project will further refine and improve new methods for continuous gas measurements and use these improved methods to analyze gases and aerosols in ice core samples from three widely distributed sites in northern Greenland: Tunu, D4, and NGRIP. All are located in the cold, dry snow zone, but each has a different annual accumulation rate and is influenced by different aerosol sources and transport pathways. Two sites previously were used for firn gas studies which will provide needed controls for firn and gas-entrapment modeling. Archived core samples are available for D4 and NGRIP, but a new core from the Tunu site is required. The proposed measurements will utilize the Desert Research Institute's (DRI's) continuous-flow analysis with trace elements system capable of quantifying dust, sea salt, biomass burning, and volcanic aerosols. This system was recently expanded to include continuous gas measurements being developed and refined by Oregon State University (OSU), DRI, and other international collaborators under an NSF Partnerships in International Research and Education (PIRE) grant primarily focused on student participation and international collaborations rather than research. The proposed project will extend past K-12 and other outreach strategies, including coordination and development of activities with outreach specialists at the Ice Drilling Program Office. Broad outreach will be achieved with the global, radiative, and ice sheet modeling communities, NSTA-related efforts, and public lectures.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ak44e3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Nemosenecio yunnanensis B.Nord.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0027792-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18739/a26q1sh8r
title: Collaborative Research: P2C2--Ice Core Paleoclimate Records from Combatant Col, British Columbia, Canada

description: Funding is provided to obtain new ice core accumulation records from Combatant Col, Mt. Waddington, in southwestern British Columbia (BC), Canada. Combatant Col is located significantly farther south than other existing ice core sites along the west coast of North America and variations in precipitation tend to be out of phase with those in Alaska and the Yukon. Combatant Col sits at 3000 meters and contains more than 200 meters of ice. The net annual snow accumulation is ~2.5 meters/year and the mean annual temperature -5°C. A 65-meter core from the site shows that clear annual layering is preserved in the geochemistry and in dust and black carbon. The age of the ice near bedrock is estimated to be between 200 years and 1000 years old. It is anticipated that an annually-resolved record of layer thickness will be recovered at the site to allow for a record of snow accumulation covering the last 200-1000 years. The Combatant Col record, in combination with other existing records of precipitation variability along the western margin of North America, will be used to develop an updated and improved reconstruction of precipitation variability in this region over the last 200-1000 years to address fundamental questions about Pacific decadal scale variability. The broader impacts involve supporting an early career female investigator and strengthening international collaborations with researchers from institutions in Canada. This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Sponsors: - University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-9472 - Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA - University of Nevada Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512-1095 - University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus, West Ridge Research Bldg 008, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7880
DOI: 10.18739/a22z12q5g
title: Collaborative Research: Subglacial Water Intrusion in Greenland

description: A full understanding of the flow and dynamics of an ice sheet will require knowledge of the state of its subglacial interface. While the topography of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) bed has been studied by radio echo sounding, its state in terms of melting and freezing, which itself affects its future evolution, has been inferred from numerical models, rather than from direct evidence. This project is for analysis of existing radar echo data gathered under the Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA) and Center for Remote Sensing of Ice (CReSIS) programs, with the objective of generating direct evidence of the extent of subglacial water in Greenland and providing the glaciological community with maps of its extent. Previous echo analysis has found the variability of the received signal too great to extract the component due to variation of the bed material. Now, a method has been developed, validated and reported, based on further analysis of radio echo signal intensities, which allows the state of the bed to be determined reliably. This work will apply this method to all the available radio echo data, to generate maps of the extent of basal melting throughout Greenland. The procedure relies on a more precise assessment of radio echoes from the bed of the ice sheet than has previously been provided. It allows the variability of echo intensity to be reduced, and the variation of the bed material to be detected. It has been tested with data from a number of flights over Greenland during the 1999 field season, and is validated by tests of self-consistency, of echo intensity statistics, of interface smoothness, and of the relation between measured surface and interface slopes. The team will process data from flights undertaken between 1998 and 2005. Appropriate tests of self-consistency and statistical behavior will be applied. The presence or absence of water will be determined throughout. Results will be interpreted and maps compiled illustrating these results. The continuity and topographical context of each major water feature will be investigated and compared.
DOI: 10.18739/a2z60c30t
title: Permafrost ALT ALOS InSAR

description: ALOS data sets and derived interferograms for estimation of active layer thickness in the Toolik Lake region of Alaska. This data set includes all coverage of Toolik Lake from ALOS PALSAR in the form of single look complex radar images, plus all derived interferograms needed to analyze seasonal variations in subsidence. We also include stacks depicting seasonal subsidence.
DOI: 10.18739/a2td9n86h
title: Deciphering 6 My of the Greenland Ice Sheet History using in situ 10-Be from marine sediment cores

description: This research will explore a new method of deciphering the history of the Greenland Ice Sheet over the Pliocene and Pleistocene by measuring the cosmogenic isotope beryllium-10 in sediment cores previously collected off southern and eastern Greenland by the Ocean Drilling program. Beryllium-10 is produced by cosmic rays in exposed rock. The premise of this investigation is that Be-10 accumulates in surface rock during times of ice-sheet retreat and is eroded and deposited in marine sediment during times of ice-sheet growth. The isotopic time series will include Pleistocene and Pliocene sediment stretching back 4 to 6 million years, possibly beyond the onset of continental-scale glaciation in Greenland. The investigators hope to 1) constrain the time at which continental glaciation on Greenland began, 2) estimate the relative areal extent of the ice sheet through time, 3) determine the erosivity and sediment transport efficiency of the ice sheet, and 4) constrain the erosion rate of Greenland prior to the onset of glaciation. Understanding Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics in the past (particularly the extent of deglaciation and the timescale of regrowth) is key to understanding how the ice sheet might behave in the future. A central part of the project is the training of a young postdoctoral research associate, and two undergraduate students will work on the project as well.
DOI: 10.18739/a2pn8xg2c
title: Collaborative Research: Evaluating the Competing Impacts of Global Emissions Reductions and Climate Change on the Distribution and Retention of selected POPs in the Arctic Ocean

description: The goal of the proposed research is to better understand how changes in global emissions and climate are affecting the distribution, lifetime, and bioavailability of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic Ocean. POPs travel globally in air and water, are often highly bioaccumulative, and have the ability to cycle among environmental media enabling long-range transport to remote regions such as the Arctic. The investigators will use a modeling approach to provide insight into the relative importance of changing primary anthropogenic emissions and oceanic biogeochemical processes in controlling the fate and lifetime of POPs in the Arctic Ocean. The research will focus on two classes of compounds (polyfluorinated compounds - PFCs - and polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs) with contrasting physical and chemical properties affecting behavior and reactivity in the atmosphere and ocean. The investigators will also collect new data on depth profiles of PCBs and two PFCs - perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanate (PFOA) - in the Arctic Ocean. Three main objectives will be addressed in the proposed research:

1) Quantify the global and regional atmospheric budget of PCBs and PFCs, including relevant spatially-varying uncertainties 

2) Quantify the budget of PCBs and PFCs in the Arctic Ocean, including inputs from atmospheric deposition, riverine inflows, and ocean cycling 

3) Quantify the relative importance of atmospheric, oceanic, and riverine inputs of PFOA, PFOS and PCBs to the Arctic, including the influence of climate and emissions. 
Ultimately this project will improve knowledge of how these compounds reach the Arctic and inform environmental management. The broader impacts component of the project will have three main goals: (1) Provide policy-relevant information to the Stockholm Convention and other international agreements on POPs to support monitoring and evaluation efforts for its controls on PCBs and PFOS and related compounds; (2) Inform sustainability education, by developing a case study on emerging POPs in the Arctic for courses relevant to environmental sustainability; and (3) train the next generation of interdisciplinary scientists (one graduate student will be trained at each of the three collaborating institutions).
DOI: 10.18739/a2jw86n80
title: Longitudinal variation in the physiology, growth and reproduction of white spruce at the Arctic treeline in Alaska

description: The position of the Arctic treeline is an important regulator of surface energy budgets, carbon cycling, habitat availability and subsistence resources in high latitude environments. Changes in the health and spatial extent of the arctic forest are largely governed by relationships among climate and the physiology, growth and reproductive success of the trees. Previous work along a longitudinal gradient in the Brooks Range, Alaska, showed a pattern of declining growth in response to rising temperatures from west to east. This study aims to uncover the processes underlying this trend and examine the implications for reproductive success and the establishment of new trees beyond the current treeline. Its goals are to measure and compare tree microclimates of the western, central and eastern Brooks Range; compare and contrast continuous measurements of white spruce canopy gas exchange over several growing seasons in the western, central and eastern Brooks Range in order to evaluate the relative importance of drought stress and cold soils at the arctic treeline in Alaska; make detailed measurements of the seasonality and magnitude of growth in all major organs of white spruce in the western, central and eastern Brooks Range, assess the potential for shifts in allocation and to more accurately evaluate current and future tree performance; and conduct a detailed study of longitudinal variation in seed production, seed quality, seedling establishment and seedling performance (physiology and growth) within the Brooks Range, as these demographic processes will largely determine whether a treeline will advance, remain static or retreat in response to climate change. Results of the study will inform policy makers and local residents of the likely outcomes of interactions between climate change and the health and spatial extent of the highly sensitive arctic forests of Alaska. The team will reach out to students and adults in rural and urban Alaska through four specific activities. They will extend an existing relationship with biology teachers at Kotzebue High School and visit their classrooms to introduce the importance of vegetation as a mediator of climate change and to share the results of previous and ongoing work in the area. They will provide opportunities for outstanding students from Kotzebue High School to join their research team in the field at the Kugururok site. They will arrange to be interviewed by Kotzebue Public Radio to inform the communities about their research activities and findings, and they will participate in a BLM Campbell Creek Science Center Fireside Chat series. NSF Program: Arctic System Science Program (ARCSS) Sponsor: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4614
DOI: 10.18739/a2f76676d
title: Passive acoustic data from A4 in the Bering Strait 2014-2015

description: Passive acoustic data from instruments on moorings in the Bering Strait region. The data for this instrument were collected at 65.75 N latitude and 168.25 W longitude. Data were recorded from 10 Hz - 4096 Hz (8 kHz sample rate) the first 20 minutes of each hour from July 2014- July 2015.
DOI: 10.18739/a29g5gf28
title: Cloud occurrence and layering at Arctic atmospheric observatories

description: Cloud occurrence fraction determines the first order impact of clouds on the climate system. This collection of data sets documents cloud occurrence and, to the degree possible, cloud vertical distribution at multiple locations across the Arctic. Observations are based on the available surface-based, remote-sensor measurements. From this perspective, the definition used here for cloud presence is based on the ability for remote-sensors to detect hydrometeors in the atmosphere. While an attempt has been made to maintain a consistent definition of cloud occurrence across the many observatories, each has a unique set of cloud observations instruments.
DOI: 10.18739/a25q4rm8h
title: Cloud microphysical properties at Arctic atmospheric observatories

description: Cloud microphysical properties determine the manner in which clouds impact atmospheric radiation and the hydrological cycle. This collection of data sets documents vertically-resolved cloud microphysical properties at multiple locations across the Arctic. Observations are based on the available surface-based, remote-sensors measurements at each site. A variety of cloud microphysics retrieval algorithms are employed to first identify the cloud type (phase) and then characterize the hydrometeor characteristic size and water content for both liquid and ice phases. While an attempt has been made to maintain consistent retrievals across the different observatories, each has a unique set of cloud observation instruments which can impose unique, site-specific signatures on the retrieval results.
DOI: 10.18739/a21z41t57
title: Cloud Properties Across the Arctic Basin from Surface and Satellite Measurements - An existing Arctic Observing Network

description: The work of this research grant involves the integration and analysis of measurements from the surface-based sites at SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic), Barrow, and the new observatory in Eureka, Canada, as well as satellite data over the northern polar region. In effect, this project will coordinate existing, yet disparate, Arctic cloud measurements into a coherent network of observations that are useful for understanding the broader roles of clouds in Arctic climate and for evaluating the performance of global models in the Arctic. The researchers will use measurements from a wide array of data sources to address questions related to the spatial and temporal variability of Arctic clouds. This research work addresses many stated objectives and goals for both SEARCH (Study of Environmental Arctic Change) project. SEARCH has identified the need for long-term observations of important Arctic climate parameters, such as clouds, and has recognized the value of coordinated surface-satellite activities, both of which are fundamental components of this grant. By making the link between disparate observations at multiple sites to a comprehensive, long-term cloud data set, this study is a combination of
DOI: 10.18739/a2x63b60k
title: Integrating Passive Acoustic Monitoring in long-term oceanographic observations of the Bering Strait

description: This project aims to establish a base program for year-round acoustic monitoring of marine mammals in Bering Strait. Instrumentation will be added onto an existing high resolution physical and biological mooring program (National Science Foundation-Arctic Observing Network (AON) and Russian American Long-term Census of the Arctic), also supported by annual survey data. The combination of these data sets will provide urgently required, base-line information on how species presence varies seasonally with changes in sea ice, currents, ocean water temperatures and freshwater flow. Building on opportunistic proof-of-concept deployments in the strait in the last 2 years, the proposed effort will also provide critical, consistent data on interannual variability. The research project will test cutting edge scientific hypotheses such as: how do oceanographic conditions dictate the residency of different marine mammal species? Are temperate species invading the Arctic? What is the correlation between ice cover and marine mammal sound production? The Bering Strait is the only oceanic connection between the Pacific and the Arctic oceans. It is through this narrow (~85 km) passageway that the entire population of Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort bowhead whales passes twice yearly and that herds of beluga whales access Arctic waters. It is thought to be year-round habitat for ice seals and walrus. The Bering Strait is also the path by which Pacific sub-Arctic marine species are invading the Arctic. As the Northwest Passage becomes a viable Pacific-Atlantic shipping route, every ship along this route will pass through Bering Strait. It is, therefore, the region where climate change and changing anthropogenic utilization may have sizeable impacts on local marine fauna, and where changing fluxes of marine mammals to the Arctic can be well observed. Passive acoustic monitoring is the only method currently available to identify year-round, and in all weather conditions, the presence of marine mammals and other physical (ice movement) or anthropogenic (ships, oil and gas seismic exploration) sounds.
DOI: 10.18739/a2sf2mc5b
title: Collaborative Research: Arctic Sensitivity to Climate Perturbations and a Millennial Perspective on Current Warming Derived from Shrinking Ice Caps

description: The goal of this proposal is to provide a millennial context for current warming and to better constrain the nature of abrupt climate changes over the past 5000 years in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic. This goal will be addressed with
 the powerful datasets derived from radiocarbon-dated vegetation preserved beneath ice caps for centuries to millennia, but now being exposed annually by current ice-margin retreat across northeastern Canada and West Greenland. These chronologies
 define the pattern and timing of abrupt summer coolings in the recent past and place current warming in a millennial context. 14C dating of vegetation will be complemented by measuring in situ 14C inventories in recently exposed rock surfaces,
 providing essential temporal constraints on the duration of ice-covered and ice-free conditions throughout the Holocene. Combined, these two datasets will provide the most secure evidence for the character of current summer warming by explicitly
 dating when the region was last as warm as present. Comparing our climate reconstructions with on-going studies in NW Europe will help to separate the roles of unforced variability from hemispherically symmetric forcing as causes for abrupt climate
 change. Research activities under this award will be made accessible to indigenous peoples by translating the goals and eventual results into Inuktitut, through posters that describe the research, and by offering public lectures in Iqaluit, the
 capital of Nunavut, and at Qikiqtarjuaq, where INSTAAR has long had a presence. This research program will train a PhD and MSc student, and provides opportunities for undergraduate students to become involved with research, building on successful
 traditions from previous years.
DOI: 10.18739/a2np1wk16
title: NABOS II - Mooring M1_5a SBE 37 Water Quality and Temperature Data 2013 - 2015

description: The primary goal of our mooring observations was to document water, heat, and salt transports and water mass transformations on the Siberian continental slope. Primary objectives included quantifying the structure and temporal variability of the main water masses and obtaining detailed information about Atlantic Water layer dynamics and seasonal variations. These data are from the Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 37 (MicroCAT) Recorder from mooring M1_5a.
DOI: 10.18739/a2j09w511
title: NABOS II - Mooring M1_6a SBE 37 Water Quality and Temperature Data 2013 - 2015

description: The primary goal of our mooring observations was to document water, heat, and salt transports and water mass transformations on the Siberian continental slope. Primary objectives included quantifying the structure and temporal variability of the main water masses and obtaining detailed information about Atlantic Water layer dynamics and seasonal variations. These data are from the Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 37 (MicroCAT) Recorder from mooring M1_6a.
DOI: 10.18739/a2d795b7n
title: NABOS II - Mooring M3e SBE 37 Water Quality and Temperature Data 2013 - 2015

description: The primary goal of our mooring observations was to document water, heat, and salt transports and water mass transformations on the Siberian continental slope. Primary objectives included quantifying the structure and temporal variability of the main water masses and obtaining detailed information about Atlantic Water layer dynamics and seasonal variations. These data are from the Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 37 (MicroCAT) Recorder from mooring M3e.