cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280999.v1
title: Early development of epiphytic roots: perspectives based on the composition of the velamen cell wall

description: ABSTRACT The velamen, a root structure of some epiphytic species for water uptake, usually is stratified epidermis consisting of dead cells. In general, its cell walls exhibit variation during development, including in thickness and amount and type of impregnated substances. These changes result in diverse physical and chemical properties that can serve in water and nutrient uptake, as well as in mechanical support and protection. On this basis, the main objective of the current study was to describe the composition of the cell walls of the velamen during the development of the roots of four species of Cattleya. Anatomical, histochemical and immunocytochemical analyses were performed with samples (n=3 individuals per species) of meristematic, developing, and mature regions of the root. The development of the primary wall led to the deposition of pectins as highly methylesterified homogalacturonans, which were demetihylesterified with maturation of the velamen. The deposition of lipids (and subsequently lignins) in velamen cells marked a transition stage to the formation of the secondary wall, which gives rigidity to the tissue. For the first time, we showed that the deposition of lipids and lignins began close to the exodermis in the direction of the epivelamen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281002.v1
title: Seasonality affects the community of endophytic fungi in coconut (Cocos nucifera) crop leaves

description: ABSTRACT The diversity of endophytic fungi in healthy coconut palm leaves (Cocos nucifera) was assessed by analyzing fungal isolates from three coconut cultivars (yellow dwarf, green dwarf, and a hybrid cultivar PB121) used agriculturally in Brazil. The influence of season (rainy or dry) on the endophytic fungal community was also analyzed. Overall, 318 fungal isolates were obtained from 972 coconut leaf fragments. The rDNA ITS region was sequenced from representative species of the isolated endophytic fungi and the most common species identified were Nigrospora oryzae, Pestalotiopsis sp., and Zasmidium musae. The alpha diversity of the endophytic fungi was also calculated. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant seasonal effects on the composition of the endophyte community. However, practically no influence was observed on the fungal communities for the different cultivars of coconut.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281005
title: The taxonomic value of leaf anatomy for species Byrsonima: a difficult genus of Malpighiaceae Juss.

description: ABSTRACT We studied the leaf anatomy of 15 species of Byrsonima and a single species of Diacidia as an outgroup to test the relevance of leaf anatomical characters to the complicated taxonomy of this genus. We present complete anatomical descriptions for petioles and leaf blades, together with an anatomical matrix, dendrogram and an identification key for the studied taxa. The most informative characters were the presence of stomatal crest, trichome type, epidermis type, contour and conformation of the vascular system in the diaphragm and medium petiole and number of accessory bundles. The aforementioned characters revealed that the anatomy of the petioles in the genus differs from that of petioles in the outgroup taxon with regard to vascular system conformation and the absence of cortical sclereids. Furthermore, the anatomy of the leaf blade appears to be quite informative in Byrsonima, especially in synonymized species. The anatomical features evaluated here have great value for Byrsonima taxonomy. These features may be used in an evolutionary approach to the group, especially for proposing a new classification system based on morphoanatomical characters of the genus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281008.v1
title: What factors guide healthcare strategies over time? A diachronic study focused on the role of biomedicine and the perception of diseases in the dynamics of a local medical system

description: ABSTRACT Among the recently discussed evolutionary issues on medical systems, one of the most controversial issues is the replacement of local medical systems with the biomedical system. Our study investigates the hybridization of two medical systems and the role that the perception of incidence and severity of diseases has in memorization and transmission of information about their treatments. We collected data from a rural population in Brazil during two different periods separated by eight years and compared the periods for changes according to the knowledge on treatments with drugs in the biomedical system and according to the incidence and severity of the diseases. We found 147 medicinal plants belonging to 58 botanical families. Our results show that biomedical and local systems complement each other and change over time for the cure of recurrent, instead of the most severe, events. We suggest that based on cultural biases, biomedical and local knowledge can coexist by complementing each other with regards to the range of resources used for healthcare, and that disease perception can guide the evolutionary path of medical systems. Our findings can help elucidate new biases that guide the evolution of medical systems and reinforce important issues in the healthcare literature.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281005.v1
title: The taxonomic value of leaf anatomy for species Byrsonima: a difficult genus of Malpighiaceae Juss.

description: ABSTRACT We studied the leaf anatomy of 15 species of Byrsonima and a single species of Diacidia as an outgroup to test the relevance of leaf anatomical characters to the complicated taxonomy of this genus. We present complete anatomical descriptions for petioles and leaf blades, together with an anatomical matrix, dendrogram and an identification key for the studied taxa. The most informative characters were the presence of stomatal crest, trichome type, epidermis type, contour and conformation of the vascular system in the diaphragm and medium petiole and number of accessory bundles. The aforementioned characters revealed that the anatomy of the petioles in the genus differs from that of petioles in the outgroup taxon with regard to vascular system conformation and the absence of cortical sclereids. Furthermore, the anatomy of the leaf blade appears to be quite informative in Byrsonima, especially in synonymized species. The anatomical features evaluated here have great value for Byrsonima taxonomy. These features may be used in an evolutionary approach to the group, especially for proposing a new classification system based on morphoanatomical characters of the genus.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281008
title: What factors guide healthcare strategies over time? A diachronic study focused on the role of biomedicine and the perception of diseases in the dynamics of a local medical system

description: ABSTRACT Among the recently discussed evolutionary issues on medical systems, one of the most controversial issues is the replacement of local medical systems with the biomedical system. Our study investigates the hybridization of two medical systems and the role that the perception of incidence and severity of diseases has in memorization and transmission of information about their treatments. We collected data from a rural population in Brazil during two different periods separated by eight years and compared the periods for changes according to the knowledge on treatments with drugs in the biomedical system and according to the incidence and severity of the diseases. We found 147 medicinal plants belonging to 58 botanical families. Our results show that biomedical and local systems complement each other and change over time for the cure of recurrent, instead of the most severe, events. We suggest that based on cultural biases, biomedical and local knowledge can coexist by complementing each other with regards to the range of resources used for healthcare, and that disease perception can guide the evolutionary path of medical systems. Our findings can help elucidate new biases that guide the evolution of medical systems and reinforce important issues in the healthcare literature.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281011
title: Effects of ocean warming, eutrophication and salinity variations on the growth of habitat-forming macroalgae in estuarine environments

description: ABSTRACT Global change and coastal eutrophication are affecting macroalgae worldwide. We analyzed the effects of increased water temperature (25, 28 and 32 °C) and eutrophication on the growth of Bostrychia binderi and Bostrychia montagnei in a range of salinities (18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 PSU) through three independent multifactorial experiments. Both species had higher growth at 25 °C than at 28 and 32 °C (warming scenario projected by IPCC), suggesting a negative effect of ocean warming. The species showed a broad tolerance to the range of salinities tested, with higher growth at 36 and 42 PSU, as a local adaptation strategy. Oligotrophic seawater significantly affected the growth of both species because the lowest growth was found in this condition, whereas highest growth was found with increased availability of nutrients, which is probably because estuaries are nutrient-rich environments due to continental runoff. High temperatures, low salinities and few nutrients had negative interactive effects on the growth of both species. Our results show that ocean warming can be detrimental to the studied macroalgae, and that both species are tolerant to eutrophication, with B. montagnei being more sensitive than B. binderi. Our results also reinforce the euryhaline characteristic of the genus Bostrychia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281011.v1
title: Effects of ocean warming, eutrophication and salinity variations on the growth of habitat-forming macroalgae in estuarine environments

description: ABSTRACT Global change and coastal eutrophication are affecting macroalgae worldwide. We analyzed the effects of increased water temperature (25, 28 and 32 °C) and eutrophication on the growth of Bostrychia binderi and Bostrychia montagnei in a range of salinities (18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 PSU) through three independent multifactorial experiments. Both species had higher growth at 25 °C than at 28 and 32 °C (warming scenario projected by IPCC), suggesting a negative effect of ocean warming. The species showed a broad tolerance to the range of salinities tested, with higher growth at 36 and 42 PSU, as a local adaptation strategy. Oligotrophic seawater significantly affected the growth of both species because the lowest growth was found in this condition, whereas highest growth was found with increased availability of nutrients, which is probably because estuaries are nutrient-rich environments due to continental runoff. High temperatures, low salinities and few nutrients had negative interactive effects on the growth of both species. Our results show that ocean warming can be detrimental to the studied macroalgae, and that both species are tolerant to eutrophication, with B. montagnei being more sensitive than B. binderi. Our results also reinforce the euryhaline characteristic of the genus Bostrychia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281013
title: Testa structure in Erythrina speciosa (Leguminosae): the role of the mucilaginous stratum in the acquisition of physical dormancy

description: ABSTRACT Seeds of Erythrina speciosa (Papilionoideae) exhibit physical dormancy, but evidence has suggested that the proportion of impermeable seeds increases with storage. There are no records of structural variation in the testa of E. speciosa that justifies the difference in the percentage of seeds with physical dormancy. Therefore, the present study investigated the difference in permeability between mature seeds of E. speciosa that were freshly collected and those stored for 12 months. Seeds were examined for changes in testa structure that could result in differences in the percentage of seeds in physical dormancy. Thus, imbibition curves and water gaps were determined, and surface micromorphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of the testa were described. Our results revealed that the proportion of seeds with physical dormancy was higher in stored than in freshly collected seeds, with no anatomical changes in the testa to cause this difference. The analysis of surface micromorphology revealed that, in the lateral region of the seed (the water gap), the mucilaginous stratum was discontinuous in the freshly collected seeds and continuous in stored seeds. These results revealed that the mucilaginous stratum plays an important role in the acquisition and establishment of physical dormancy in E. speciosa.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281016
title: First cytomolecular characterization of three Neotropical woody bamboos (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) suggests ancient diploidized karyotypes

description: ABSTRACT Although karyotype features are useful data for evolutionary studies, cytogenetic data in Bambusoideae are mainly based only on chromosome counts. The first comparative cytogenetic analysis of three Neotropical woody bamboo species - Guadua chacoensis, G. angustifolia and Chusquea tenella - was undertaken based on new and reviewed chromosome counts, CMA/DAPI double staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 35S and 5S rDNA probes, and genome size estimation. The two species of Guadua were found to have 2n = 46 chromosomes, while the first record for C. tenella was 2n = 44. Only one pair of CMA+/DAPI- was detected on the terminal region of metacentric chromosomes in all three species. Likewise, one pair of 5S and 35S rDNA sites was detected in all three species, with the 35S rDNA sites always collocated with the CMA+ bands. Genome sizes ranged from 2C ≈ 3.99 pg for the species of Guadua, to 2C = 4.77 pg for C. tenella. Considering the Miocene origin of Neotropical woody bamboos, the observed karyotype stability suggests that the analyzed species are diploidized paleopolyploids. The results reveal the conservative cytomolecular organization of Neotropical woody bamboo karyotypes, which helps to improve our understanding of the evolution of this group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281016.v1
title: First cytomolecular characterization of three Neotropical woody bamboos (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) suggests ancient diploidized karyotypes

description: ABSTRACT Although karyotype features are useful data for evolutionary studies, cytogenetic data in Bambusoideae are mainly based only on chromosome counts. The first comparative cytogenetic analysis of three Neotropical woody bamboo species - Guadua chacoensis, G. angustifolia and Chusquea tenella - was undertaken based on new and reviewed chromosome counts, CMA/DAPI double staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 35S and 5S rDNA probes, and genome size estimation. The two species of Guadua were found to have 2n = 46 chromosomes, while the first record for C. tenella was 2n = 44. Only one pair of CMA+/DAPI- was detected on the terminal region of metacentric chromosomes in all three species. Likewise, one pair of 5S and 35S rDNA sites was detected in all three species, with the 35S rDNA sites always collocated with the CMA+ bands. Genome sizes ranged from 2C ≈ 3.99 pg for the species of Guadua, to 2C = 4.77 pg for C. tenella. Considering the Miocene origin of Neotropical woody bamboos, the observed karyotype stability suggests that the analyzed species are diploidized paleopolyploids. The results reveal the conservative cytomolecular organization of Neotropical woody bamboo karyotypes, which helps to improve our understanding of the evolution of this group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281018.v1
title: Seed traits of species from South Brazilian grasslands with contrasting distribution

description: ABSTRACT South Brazilian grasslands are among the most species-rich grasslands worldwide yet they have been suffering ongoing degradation due to land-use. Little is known about the reproductive ecology of the native species of these grasslands. Thus, our goal was to characterize seed traits and germination requirements of three native species of the tribe Tigridieae (Iridaceae, Iridoideae) due to its richness in the Pampa biome and the contrasting morphology, cytogenetics, and geographic distributions of its representatives. We tested if closely related species possess similar seed traits and whether species with wider distributions have broader germination requirements. Seed production and mass were estimated, and morphological analyses, germination experiments and viability tests were performed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe correlations between seed traits and species’ distributions. Germination was assessed using time-to-event analysis and the Cox model. All seed traits differed among the analyzed species/cytotypes. Final germination percentage (FGP) averaged 39.1 % and with overall viability of 89.9 %. Germination tests showed that seeds benefit from negative photoblasty. Species/cytotypes with wider distributions and heavier and larger seeds generally had better germination performances than narrower distributed species/cytotypes with lighter and smaller seeds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281025
title: Diversity of endophytic fungi in the leaflets and branches of Poincianella pyramidalis, an endemic species of Brazilian tropical dry forest

description: ABSTRACT Plants harbour diverse communities of fungal species in their internal compartments. Endophytic fungi help their hosts to establish, survive, and adapt to different environments. Here, we examined the diversity of endophytic fungi in the leaflets and branches of Poincianella pyramidalis, a plant species endemic to the Brazilian tropical dry forest (Caatinga). A total of 360 fragments of leaflets and branches were analysed and 189 endophytic fungi were isolated and distributed among 21 ascomycetous genera based on their ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Diaporthe was the most frequently identified genus, followed by Didymella and Rhytidhysteron. The colonisation rate of plant fragments was higher in the branches (74 %) than in leaflets (14 %). The richness of the genera of endophytic fungi was also higher in the branches than in leaflets, whereas no difference was observed in endophyte diversity between the plant parts, based on Shannon-Wiener and Fisher alpha diversity indices. Our results indicate that endemic plant species from Brazilian dry forest, such as P. pyramidalis, are predominantly colonised by ascomycetous fungi, especially members of the class Dothideomycetes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281013.v1
title: Testa structure in Erythrina speciosa (Leguminosae): the role of the mucilaginous stratum in the acquisition of physical dormancy

description: ABSTRACT Seeds of Erythrina speciosa (Papilionoideae) exhibit physical dormancy, but evidence has suggested that the proportion of impermeable seeds increases with storage. There are no records of structural variation in the testa of E. speciosa that justifies the difference in the percentage of seeds with physical dormancy. Therefore, the present study investigated the difference in permeability between mature seeds of E. speciosa that were freshly collected and those stored for 12 months. Seeds were examined for changes in testa structure that could result in differences in the percentage of seeds in physical dormancy. Thus, imbibition curves and water gaps were determined, and surface micromorphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of the testa were described. Our results revealed that the proportion of seeds with physical dormancy was higher in stored than in freshly collected seeds, with no anatomical changes in the testa to cause this difference. The analysis of surface micromorphology revealed that, in the lateral region of the seed (the water gap), the mucilaginous stratum was discontinuous in the freshly collected seeds and continuous in stored seeds. These results revealed that the mucilaginous stratum plays an important role in the acquisition and establishment of physical dormancy in E. speciosa.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281018
title: Seed traits of species from South Brazilian grasslands with contrasting distribution

description: ABSTRACT South Brazilian grasslands are among the most species-rich grasslands worldwide yet they have been suffering ongoing degradation due to land-use. Little is known about the reproductive ecology of the native species of these grasslands. Thus, our goal was to characterize seed traits and germination requirements of three native species of the tribe Tigridieae (Iridaceae, Iridoideae) due to its richness in the Pampa biome and the contrasting morphology, cytogenetics, and geographic distributions of its representatives. We tested if closely related species possess similar seed traits and whether species with wider distributions have broader germination requirements. Seed production and mass were estimated, and morphological analyses, germination experiments and viability tests were performed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe correlations between seed traits and species’ distributions. Germination was assessed using time-to-event analysis and the Cox model. All seed traits differed among the analyzed species/cytotypes. Final germination percentage (FGP) averaged 39.1 % and with overall viability of 89.9 %. Germination tests showed that seeds benefit from negative photoblasty. Species/cytotypes with wider distributions and heavier and larger seeds generally had better germination performances than narrower distributed species/cytotypes with lighter and smaller seeds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281020
title: Environmental filters structure plant communities in the Brazilian Chaco

description: ABSTRACT We characterized taxonomic and functional differences between two vegetation physiognomies in the Brazilian Chaco, namely chaco woodland (CW) and chaco forest (CF), in order to understand which abiotic and biotic mechanisms underlie the establishment of different physiognomies. We characterized the vegetation physiognomies by comparing woody species composition, richness and diversity and functional diversity between CW and CF plots. We also measured soil variables to characterize abiotic factors related to the different physiognomies. Species richness and diversity and soil nutrient values were higher in CF. Leaf succulence and nitrogen content were higher in CW, while height, leaf area, and specific leaf area were higher in CF. The standardized effect size (SES) of functional richness was higher in CW, but the SES of functional dispersion did not differ between CF and CW. We observed a diversity gradient related to soil fertility. Traits of species in CW were related to adaptations to poor soils, while in CF floristic composition showed a prevalence of species with more attributes related to competition for light. Thus, the structure of the floristic community in CW is likely related to an environmental filter, while competition for resources prevails in CF.