DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3265831
title: Concentration of gaseous sulfuric acid measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).

description: <strong>Dataset abstract</strong> The authors would highly appreciate being contacted if the data is used for any purpose. We measured sulfuric acid concentration in the gas phase with a nitrate chemical ionization mass spectrometer (we used an APi-HTOF mass spectrometer produced by Tofwerk AG coupled with a Chemical ionization inlet A70 produced by Airmodus). Sulfuric acid is detected in the mass spectrometer either as a deprotonated ion or as a cluster with the reagent ion (NO3-). The concentration is calculated as the area of these two peaks normalized to the concentration of the reagent ions (monomer, dimer and trimer) and multiplied by a calibration factor that was experimentally derived at Paul Scherrer Institute in the summer 2017, after the campaign. In the atmosphere, sulfuric acid is produced by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide that could have both a natural or anthropogenic origin (e.g. phytoplankton emission or fossil fuel combustion). Sulfuric acid in the atmosphere is responsible for a very large fraction of the newly formed particles, therefore it is important to have accurate measurements of this vapour in remote places like the Southern Ocean to better understand secondary aerosol sources and processes. The data have been cleaned from the influence of the exhaust of the research vessel. Temporal coverage is from January 22, 2017 to March 19, 2017. There are no data for the first leg of the expedition because the instrument was not on the ship. The instrument was operated during leg 4 but data has not been processed yet as they require additional work due to some instrumental issues that affects their quality. Data were collected with one-second time resolution but integrated to five minutes to increase the signal to noise ratio. Concentrations are reported as molecules per cubic centimeter. The lower limit of detection is in the ppq (part per quadrillion) range but was not determined exactly as it varies with the integration time and background noise. <strong>Dataset contents</strong> gas_sulfuric_acid_concentration_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format README.txt, metadata, text format change_log.txt, metadata, text format Data that were missing or bad because of instrumental problems were simply removed from the file (no entry). <strong>Change log</strong> v1.1 - data files updated re-analysis of the raw data with an improved mass spectra peak fitting routine, a different calibration factor was also applied to the data following a more detailed analysis of the calibration experiment use updated, corrected GPS data v1.0 - initial release of dataset
description: The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition was made possible by funding from the Swiss Polar Institute and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. We acknowledge the Swiss National Sciences Foundation grant no. 200021_169090 and the German Research Foundation (DFG) within SSP 1158 (Grant no. STR 453/12-1).
description: {"references": ["Schmale, J., A. Baccarini, I. Thurnherr, S. Henning, A. Efraim, L. Regayre, C. Bolas, M. Hartmann, A. Welti, K. Lehtipalo, F. Aemisegger, C. Tatzelt, S. Landwehr, R.L. Modini, F. Tummon, J. Johnson, N. Harris, M. Schnaiter, A. Toffoli, M. Derkani, N. Bukowiecki, F. Stratmann, J. Dommen, U. Baltensperger, H. Wernli, D. Rosenfeld, M. Gysel-Beer, and K. Carslaw, 0: Overview of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and Their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 0, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1", "Junninen, H., Ehn, M., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Luosuj\u00e4rvi, L., Kotiaho, T., Kostiainen, R., Rohner, U., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: A high-resolution mass spectrometer to measure atmospheric ion composition, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1039-1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1039-2010, 2010.", "Jokinen, T., Sipil\u00e4, M., Junninen, H., Ehn, M., L\u00f6nn, G., Hakala, J., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Mauldin III, R. L., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Atmospheric sulphuric acid and neutral cluster measurements using CI-APi-TOF, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4117-4125, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4117-2012, 2012.", "D. R. Hanson and F. Eisele. Diffusion of H2SO4 in Humidified Nitrogen:\u2009 Hydrated H2SO4. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2000 104 (8), 1715-1719. DOI: 10.1021/jp993622j", "Schmale, J., Henning, S., Tummon, F., Hartmann, M., Baccarini, A., Welti, A., Lehtipalo, K., Tatzalt, C. and Gysel-Beer, M. (2019). Aerosol particle number concentration measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition. (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2636690", "Schmale, J., Henning, S., Tummon, F., Hartmann, M., Baccarini, A., Welti, A., Lehtipalo, K., Tatzalt, C. and Gysel-Beer, M. (2019). Equivalent black carbon aerosol measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition. (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2636763", "Schmale, J., Henning, S., Tummon, F., Hartmann, M., Baccarini, A., Welti, A., Lehtipalo, K., Tatzalt, C. and Gysel-Beer, M. (2019). Trace gas mixing ratios measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition. (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2636779", "Thomas, J. and Pina Estany, C. 2019. Quality-checked cruise track of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) undertaken during the austral summer of 2016/2017. (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3260616", "David W H Walton, & Jenny Thomas. (2018, November 22). Cruise Report - Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 20th December 2016 - 19th March 2017 (Version 1.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1443511", "TofDAQ software version. 1.96. TOFWERK, Thun, Switzerland. Available at https://www.tofwerk.com/software/tofdaq/", "Python Software Foundation. Python Language Reference, version 2.7. Available at http://www.python.org", "tofTools R611. University of Helsinki, Department of Physics. Available at http://www.junninen.net/tofTools/", "MATLAB and Statistics Toolbox Release 2012b, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States."]}