cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19436285.v2
title: Supplementary file S1. from Dietary isotopes of Madagascar's extinct megafauna reveal Holocene browsing and grazing guilds

description: Megafauna plays a disproportionate role in developing and maintaining their biomes, by regulating plant dispersal, community structure and nutrient cycling. Understanding the ecological roles of extinct megafaunal communities, for example through dietary reconstruction using isotope analysis, is necessary to determine pre-human states and set evidence-based restoration goals. We use <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N isotopic analyses to reconstruct Holocene feeding guilds in Madagascar's extinct megaherbivores, which included elephant birds, hippopotami and giant tortoises that occurred across multiple habitats and elevations. We compare isotopic data from seven taxa and two elephant bird eggshell morphotypes against contemporary regional floral baselines to infer dietary subsistence strategies. Most taxa show high consumption of C<sub>3</sub> and/or CAM plants, providing evidence of widespread browsing ecology. However, <i>Aepyornis hildebrandti</i>, an elephant bird restricted to the central highlands region, has isotope values with much higher <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values than other taxa. This species is interpreted as having obtained up to 48% of its diet from C<sub>4</sub> grasses. These findings provide new evidence for distinct browsing and grazing guilds in Madagascar's Holocene megaherbivore fauna, with implications for past regional distribution of ecosystems dominated by endemic C<sub>4</sub> grasses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19436285.v1
title: Supplementary file S1. from Dietary isotopes of Madagascar's extinct megafauna reveal holocene browsing and grazing guilds

description: Megafauna plays a disproportionate role in developing and maintaining their biomes, by regulating plant dispersal, community structure and nutrient cycling. Understanding the ecological roles of extinct megafaunal communities, for example through dietary reconstruction using isotope analysis, is necessary to determine pre-human states and set evidence-based restoration goals. We use <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N isotopic analyses to reconstruct Holocene feeding guilds in Madagascar's extinct megaherbivores, which included elephant birds, hippopotami and giant tortoises that occurred across multiple habitats and elevations. We compare isotopic data from seven taxa and two elephant bird eggshell morphotypes against contemporary regional floral baselines to infer dietary subsistence strategies. Most taxa show high consumption of C<sub>3</sub> and/or CAM plants, providing evidence of widespread browsing ecology. However, <i>Aepyornis hildebrandti</i>, an elephant bird restricted to the central highlands region, has isotope values with much higher <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values than other taxa. This species is interpreted as having obtained up to 48% of its diet from C<sub>4</sub> grasses. These findings provide new evidence for distinct browsing and grazing guilds in Madagascar's Holocene megaherbivore fauna, with implications for past regional distribution of ecosystems dominated by endemic C<sub>4</sub> grasses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818559
title: preposttest

description: pre-posttest designs <br> <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818559.v1
title: preposttest

description: pre-posttest designs <br> <br>
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/4809699
title: 2023 House Speaker Vote Tracker
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818574
title: Survey results

description: Uttarakhand Gramin Bank’s performance from 2012-13 to 2021-22
DOI: 10.21227/qmvv-ch25
title: Anomaly detection in sensors

description: Most machine learning (ML) proposals in the Internet of Things (IoT) space are designed and evaluated on pre-processed datasets, where the data acquisition and cleaning steps are often considered a black box. Therefore, the data acquisition stage requires additional data cleaning/anomaly techniques, which translate to additional resources, energy, and storage. We propose to carry out such techniques not in the cloud servers and closer to the data source, on the IoT device itself. Consequently, this application defines three anomaly detection steps using smoothing filters, unsupervised learning, and deep learning techniques (hybrid model) to detect the different variations of anomalies, focusing on a small computational/memory footprint.To explain tamper situations, a test box was built to collect data from three different scenarios. The test box is made with a computer fan to cool the box, an incandescent bulb to warm up the box, and a small door that people can smoke or blow over the sensor. Therefore, label 1 is considered when the box is warming/cooling in normal conditions, label 2 when the sensor is tampered with by people blowing on it, label 3 is defined when people smoke near the sensor, and label 4 when the sensor detects fire. The IoT device has a well-known CO2, temperature, and humidity sensor SCD-30, the LoPy4 as a microcontroller and a relay board to manage the fan and the bulb.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7505032
title: Geochemical Results of Mafic Blocks in Southern Ophiolitic Mélange in Luqu (Xigaze) Ophiolite from Yarlung-Tsangpo Suture Zone, Southern Tibet

description: <strong>Table S1</strong> Basic information of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S2</strong> Major and trace element compositions of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S3</strong> Sr-Nd-Hf isotope results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S4</strong> Clinopyroxene EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S5</strong> Clinopyroxene Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S6</strong> Amphibole EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S7</strong> Amphibole Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S8</strong> Plagioclase EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S9</strong> Zircon SIMS U-Pb dating results of mafic rocks from southern Luqu mélange <strong>Table S10 </strong>Zircon Hf-O isotopes of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S1</strong> Basic information of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S2</strong> Major and trace element compositions of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S3</strong> Sr-Nd-Hf isotope results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S4</strong> Clinopyroxene EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S5</strong> Clinopyroxene Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S6</strong> Amphibole EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S7</strong> Amphibole Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S8</strong> Plagioclase EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S9</strong> Zircon SIMS U-Pb dating results of mafic rocks from southern Luqu mélange <strong>Table S10 </strong>Zircon Hf-O isotopes of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7505031
title: Geochemical Results of Mafic Blocks in Southern Ophiolitic Mélange in Luqu (Xigaze) Ophiolite from Yarlung-Tsangpo Suture Zone, Southern Tibet

description: <strong>Table S1</strong> Basic information of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S2</strong> Major and trace element compositions of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S3</strong> Sr-Nd-Hf isotope results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S4</strong> Clinopyroxene EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S5</strong> Clinopyroxene Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S6</strong> Amphibole EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S7</strong> Amphibole Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S8</strong> Plagioclase EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S9</strong> Zircon SIMS U-Pb dating results of mafic rocks from southern Luqu mélange <strong>Table S10 </strong>Zircon Hf-O isotopes of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S1</strong> Basic information of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S2</strong> Major and trace element compositions of mafic rocks of southern ophiolitic mélange from Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S3</strong> Sr-Nd-Hf isotope results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S4</strong> Clinopyroxene EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S5</strong> Clinopyroxene Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S6</strong> Amphibole EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S7</strong> Amphibole Laser Ablation-ICPMS results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S8</strong> Plagioclase EPMA results of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ <strong>Table S9</strong> Zircon SIMS U-Pb dating results of mafic rocks from southern Luqu mélange <strong>Table S10 </strong>Zircon Hf-O isotopes of mafic rocks from southern ophiolitic mélange of Luqu section of the Xigaze ophiolite, YTSZ
DOI: 10.15121/1907604
title: Reactive Transport Simulations of High-Tempertature Geologic Thermal Energy Storage (GeoTES) in Deep Saline Formations - I/O Files

description: Simulation input and output files, post-processed figures and excel tables, and tecplot layout files for generating figures. These simulations were run with TOUGHREACT V4.12 by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2021. This work was completed as part of the geologic thermal energy storage (GeoTES) research project reported in the final report for Phase I of this work, which is linked below.
DOI: 10.25919/2vbh-cx08
title: FNQ_2021_V01 Voyage dataset: Feb - March 2021; Biogeochemical and hydrodynamic observations along the river-reef continuum of estuaries in eastern Cape York, Australia

description: Archive of biogeochemical and hydrodynamic data from 2021 research voyage in eastern Cape York. Data were collected via several observational methods including an underway, flow-though sampling system, underway CTD casts, benthic lander deployments, &gt;25hr station keeping, water column profiling, across-axis hydrodynamic transects and along-axis profiling transects. A detailed description of data, methods, and activities is included in this archive as a voyage sampling report.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818592
title: embede test

description: test embeded
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818592.v1
title: embede test

description: test embeded
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7380180
title: Antarctic Ice Sheet simulations driven by CMIP6 climate models under historical and SSP5-8.5 scenarios

description: <strong>Antarctic Ice Sheet simulations driven by CMIP6 climate models under historical and SSP5-8.5 scenarios</strong> This dataset contains output ice sheet model runs forced by climate boundary conditions provided by CMIP6 climate model output. Each experiment set is archived in separate compressed tar.gz files. Description of the experiment sets, including the model setup, key parameters, climate forcings, and their main objectives are documented in Table 1 of Li, DeConto, Pollard (2023) Climate model differences contribute deep uncertainty in future Antarctic ice loss, Science Advances. Two kinds of output are included in each ice sheet run: fort.22 files contain time series of several key variables for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (area, volume, sea-level equivalent, etc.); fort.92.nc files contain 2D and 3D fields such as ice thickness and velocity at specific time slices.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7380179
title: Antarctic Ice Sheet simulations driven by CMIP6 climate models under historical and SSP5-8.5 scenarios

description: <strong>Antarctic Ice Sheet simulations driven by CMIP6 climate models under historical and SSP5-8.5 scenarios</strong> This dataset contains output ice sheet model runs forced by climate boundary conditions provided by CMIP6 climate model output. Each experiment set is archived in separate compressed tar.gz files. Description of the experiment sets, including the model setup, key parameters, climate forcings, and their main objectives are documented in Table 1 of Li, DeConto, Pollard (2023) Climate model differences contribute deep uncertainty in future Antarctic ice loss, Science Advances. Two kinds of output are included in each ice sheet run: fort.22 files contain time series of several key variables for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (area, volume, sea-level equivalent, etc.); fort.92.nc files contain 2D and 3D fields such as ice thickness and velocity at specific time slices.
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2016.161
title: องค์กรหลักที่ใช้อำนาจอธิปไตยในการทำหนังสือสัญญาระหว่างประเทศตามหลักกฎหมายในและกฎหมายระหว่างประเทศ
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2015.110
title: ทัศนคติของนักศึกษาต่อผลกระทบของประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียนจากการเปิดเสรีในอาเซียนด้านการเคลื่อนย้ายแรงงานสายอาชีพ ICT
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2020.53
title: The role of financial literacy on earnings and old aged saving among self-employed workers
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2009.150
title: อิทธิพลของพฤติกรรมผู้นำวัฒนธรรมการทำงานในองค์การและกิจกรรมการพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์ที่มีต่อผลการปฏิบัติงานของพนักงานรัฐวิสาหกิจ
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2009.151
title: อิทธิพลของระบบรางวัลต่อผลลัพธ์การจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์ : กรณีศึกษา บริษัทจดทะเบียนในตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2012.54
title: อิทธิพลของปัจจัยภายนอกและปัจจัยภายในที่มีต่อความสุขของผู้สูงอายุ
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21810366.v3
title: 2018_sECS-upwelling_pCO2_data_20230104.xlsx

description: This data set is for the paper " Factors controlling the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in upwelling regions: A case study of the southern East China Sea before and after Typhoon Maria ."
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21810366.v4
title: 2018_upwelling_pCO2_data_20230105.xlsx

description: This data set is for the paper " Factors controlling the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in upwelling regions: A case study of the southern East China Sea before and after Typhoon Maria ."
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21810366.v5
title: 2018_upwelling_pCO2_data.xlsx

description: This data set is for the paper " Factors controlling the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in upwelling regions: A case study of the southern East China Sea before and after Typhoon Maria ."
DOI: 10.20372/aau_rdr/9otbne/mbtlh9
title: CSA Survey Data HDDS2.tab

description: CSA survey
DOI: 10.20372/aau_rdr/9otbne
title: CSA survey

description: CSA survey
DOI: 10.20372/aau_rdr/lia8xv
title: Social Networks Interaction and Fertility Aspirations among Youth in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Region, of Ethiopia: 2022

description: Thesis data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21810366.v6
title: 2018_upwelling_pCO2_data.xlsx

description: This data set is for the paper " Factors controlling the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in upwelling regions: A case study of the southern East China Sea before and after Typhoon Maria ."
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7502675
title: MUSES Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC) 8-Day Global 250m SIN Grid in 2018 (001–177)

description: The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/). This dataset is the MUSES global FVC product at 250m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FVC product is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and spans from 2000 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 250m resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of light through the entire canopy in the nadir viewing direction (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2016). The MUSES FVC values are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FVC product is spatially complete and temporally continuous. This dataset is the MUSES FVC product in 2018 (001–177). <em>Please <strong><em>click</em> here</strong> to download the MUSES FVC product <strong>in 2017 (185–361)</strong></em>, and <em><strong>click here</strong> to download the MUSES FVC product <strong>in 2018 (185–361</strong></em><em><strong>)</strong></em>. <strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong> Spatial Coverage: Global Temporal Coverage: 2018 (001–177) Spatial Resolution: 250m Temporal Resolution: 8 days Projection: Sinusoidal Data Format: HDF Scale: 0.01 Valid Range: 0 – 100 <strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong> Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et a</em>l. (2016). Estimating the Fractional Vegetation Cover from GLASS Leaf Area Index Product. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 8, 337. If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7502674
title: MUSES Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC) 8-Day Global 250m SIN Grid in 2018 (001–177)

description: The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/). This dataset is the MUSES global FVC product at 250m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FVC product is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and spans from 2000 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 250m resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of light through the entire canopy in the nadir viewing direction (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2016). The MUSES FVC values are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FVC product is spatially complete and temporally continuous. This dataset is the MUSES FVC product in 2018 (001–177). <em>Please <strong><em>click</em> here</strong> to download the MUSES FVC product <strong>in 2017 (185–361)</strong></em>, and <em><strong>click here</strong> to download the MUSES FVC product <strong>in 2018 (185–361</strong></em><em><strong>)</strong></em>. <strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong> Spatial Coverage: Global Temporal Coverage: 2018 (001–177) Spatial Resolution: 250m Temporal Resolution: 8 days Projection: Sinusoidal Data Format: HDF Scale: 0.01 Valid Range: 0 – 100 <strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong> Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et a</em>l. (2016). Estimating the Fractional Vegetation Cover from GLASS Leaf Area Index Product. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 8, 337. If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818052
title: Allele sequence of gene for S2, S3 and L1 schemes

description: Allele seqeunce by gene used in S2, S3, and L1 shcemes
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21818052.v1
title: Allele sequence of gene for S2, S3 and L1 schemes

description: Allele seqeunce by gene used in S2, S3, and L1 shcemes
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21819690
title: Coastal wetland maps in China's four large river deltas

description: Annual coastal wetland maps in Liaohe River Delta, Yellow River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta during 1984-2020
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21819990
title: Dataset for Zhu et al.

description: This dataset is raw data for POC, <sup>228</sup>Th, <sup>234</sup>Th collected in the South China Sea using large volumn pump that sorted the samples according to particle size. Along with the raw data are model output reported in Zhu et al.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/4810091
title: TI-AWR-6843-AOP Gesture Language Dataset
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21819993
title: Ti-O raw tensile data at RT and 77 K

description: The raw data for plotting the engineering stress-strain curves of pure Ti and Ti-0.3O alloys with different grain sizes at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21819993.v1
title: Ti-O raw tensile data at RT and 77 K

description: The raw data for plotting the engineering stress-strain curves of pure Ti and Ti-0.3O alloys with different grain sizes at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) are provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21815556
title: Simulation Data.zip

description: This package includes our designed model and simulation data in two kinds of networks with 1005 and 2540 nodes, respectively. The model is built based on Anylogic software.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21815556.v2
title: Simulation Data.zip

description: This package includes our designed model and simulation data in two kinds of networks with 1005 and 2540 nodes, respectively. The model is built based on Anylogic software.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21815556.v1
title: Simulation Data.zip

description: This package includes our designed model and simulation data in two kinds of networks with 1005 and 2540 nodes, respectively. The model is built based on Anylogic software.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/sgxsj8
title: Pick Correct ACA-Operator Dumps PDF For Preparation

description: ACA-Operator PDF Dumps - Revealing Manual About Preparation The Alibaba ACA-Operator braindumps would be the greatest supply of Alibaba Cloud Certified Associate exam preparation. You will get the highest outcomes in the ACA System Operator
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21639635.v4
title: SCAP with laminar flow operating room

description: A typical dataset which consists of 16 instances ranging from 5 operating rooms with 40 cases to 30 operating rooms with 240 cases .