cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/60fb-z745
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mangawhero Tree ring width, PAGES Australasia 2k Version

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Uploaded by R. Neukom, data obtained from original authors
	These are not raw data but processed and truncated chronologies. Details see (Neukom and Gergis 2011, The Holocene, DOI: 10.1177/0959683611427335). For the raws contact the authors or check ITRDB.
DOI: 10.25921/6gws-r048
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - North European Alps Termination-II Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data

description: Understanding the sequence of events that take place during glacial-interglacial climate transitions is important for improving our knowledge of abrupt climate change. Here, we present a new stacked, high-resolution, precisely-dated speleothem stable isotope record from the northern Alps, which provides an important record of temperature and moisture-source changes between 134 and 111 ka for Europe and the wider North Atlantic realm. The record encompasses the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II (TII)), which lies beyond the limit of radiocarbon dating, thus providing an important new archive for a crucial period of rapid paleoclimate change. Warmer and wetter ice-free conditions were achieved by 134.1 ± 0.7 ka (modelled ages) as indicated by the presence of liquid water at the site. Temperatures warmed further at 133.7 ± 0.5 ka and led into an interstadial, synchronous with slightly elevated monsoon strength during the week monsoon interval. The interstadial experienced an unstable climate with a trough in temperature associated with a slowdown in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and a reduction in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation. The interstadial ended with a more extreme cold reversal lasting 500 years in which NADW formation remained active but the subpolar gyre weakened allowing cool polar waters to penetrate southwards. The main warming associated with TII was very rapid, taking place between 130.9 ± 0.9 and 130.7 ± 0.9 ka coeval with initial monsoon strengthening. Temperatures then plateaued before being interrupted by a 600-year cold event at 129.1 ± 0.6 ka, associated once again with penetration of polar waters southwards into the North Atlantic and a slowdown in monsoon strengthening. Sub-orbital climate oscillations were thus a feature of TII in the north Atlantic realm, which broadly resemble the Bølling/Allerød-Younger Dryas-8.2 ka event pattern of change observed in Termination I despite monsoon records indicating strong differences between the last and penultimate deglaciation.
description: Northern Alps speleothem stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from 2 caves, spanning the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II).  Data from Schneckenloch Cave, Austria (115.3-134.1kY) and Hölloch Cave, Germany (110.8-131.8kY) with age models.
DOI: 10.25921/685d-cc70
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stahle - Henry Coe State Park - QUDG - ITRDB CA688

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/6mdt-5246
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Hemisphere Extratropics 1400 Year MXD Summer Temperature Reconstruction

description: Annually resolved and millennium-long reconstructions of large-scale temperature variability are primarily composed of tree ring width (TRW) chronologies. Changes in ring width, however, have recently been shown to bias the ratio between low- and high-frequency signals. To overcome limitations in capturing the full spectrum of past temperature variability, we present a network of 15 maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies distributed across the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Independent subsets of continental-scale records consistently reveal high MXD before 1580 and after 1910, with below average values between these periods. Reconstructed extratropical summer temperatures reflect not only these long-term trends but also distinct cooling pulses after large volcanic eruptions. In contrast to TRW-dominated reconstructions, this MXD-based record indicates a delayed onset of the Little Ice Age by almost two centuries. The reduced memory inherent in MXD is likely responsible for the rapid recovery from volcanic-induced cooling in the fourteenth century and the continuation of warmer temperatures until ~1600.
description: Annually resolved summer temperature reconstruction for the northern hemisphere midlatitudes. The 15 proxy records are maximum-latewood-density chronologies with a minimum length of 600 years and a significant local summer temperature signal. The proxy composite is scaled against June-August temperatures from the CRUTEM4v network (30-90N).
DOI: 10.25921/6tdy-w192
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southwest Yukon 2,000 Year Lake Sediment Data and Temperature Reconstructions

description: Lake sediments from four sites in the southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, provided paleotemperature records for the past 2000 yr. An alpine and a forest site from the southeastern portion of the study area, near Kluane Lake, and another alpine-forest pair of lakes from the Donjek River area located to the northwest yielded chironomid records that were used to provide quantitative estimates of mean July air temperature. Prior to AD 800, the southwest Yukon was relatively cool whereas after AD 800 temperatures were more variable, with warmer conditions between ~ AD 1100 and 1400, cooler conditions during the Little Ice Age (~ AD 1400 to 1850), and warming thereafter. These records compare well with other paleoclimate evidence from the region.
description: Chironomid and ostracode data and sediment physical properties from 4 lakes in southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, plus Mean July air temperature estimates for the past 2,000 years.
DOI: 10.25921/6zt1-4p77
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GRIP Ice Core Dielectric Profiling and Electrical Conductivity Data

description: High-resolution continuous profiles were obtained on the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core using two different electrical methods. After correction for temperature and density, the electrical conductivity method (ECM) technique responds only to acidity, while dielectric profiling (DEP) responds to acid, ammonium, and chloride. Detailed chemistry on a section of glacial-age ice allows us to confirm the calibration factor for chloride in DEP. Acidity dominates the DEP variability in the Holocene, Allerod/Bolling, and larger interstadials; ammonium dominates in the Younger Dry as, while chloride is the major contributor in cold periods including smaller interstadials. From the electrical signals plotted on a linear timescale we can deduce the background (nonvolcanic) acidity of the ice, varying from always acidic in the Holocene to always alkaline in the cold periods. In the interstadials, the ice is close to neutral, with most of it acidic in larger interstadials, most of it alkaline in smaller ones, and rapid alternations within interstadials. It is not clear whether neutralization of individual acidic particles occurred in the atmosphere or whether acid and alkaline particles coexisted until deposition in the snowpack. The changes in acidity observed at GRIP apply at least to all of Greenland and probably to much of North America. There would have been ecological effects and important changes in the uptake of some chemicals onto ice. If acidic sulfate particles were neutralized and removed from the atmosphere, which remains uncertain, then there are atmospheric chemistry and radiative effects that require further investigation.
description: GRIP Ice Core Dielectric Profiling (DEP) and Electrical Conductivity (ECM) Data. The files dep1.dat, dep2.dat, etc. contain DEP (dielectric profiling) data from the GRIP ice core drilled at Summit, Greenland at 2 cm resolution.  The file gripdep.dat contains averages over a 55 cm interval.  The ECM values were originally gathered continuously for every 1 cm of the core, but in file are averaged in 55cm intervals.
DOI: 10.25921/69tm-zg59
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lago Grande di Monticchio 101KYr High Resolution Sediment Data

description: Oxygen-isotope records from Greenland ice cores indicate numerous rapid climate fluctuations during the last glacial period. North Atlantic marine sediment cores show comparable variability in sea surface temperature and the deposition of ice-rafted debris. In contrast, very few continental records of this time period provide the temporal resolution and environmental sensitivity necessary to reveal the extent and effects of these environmental fluctuations on the continents. Here we present high-resolution geochemical, physical and pollen data from lake sediments in Italy and from a Mediterranean sediment core, linked by a common tephrochronology. Our lacustrine sequence extends to the past 102,000 years. Many of its features correlate well with the Greenland ice-core records, demonstrating that the closely coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial extended its influence at least as far as the central Mediterranean region. Numerous vegetation changes were rapid, frequently occurring in less than 200 years, showing that the terrestrial biosphere participated fully in last-glacial climate variability. Earlier than 65,000 years ago, our record shows more climate fluctuations than are apparent in the Greenland ice cores. Together, the multi-proxy data from the continental and marine records reveal differences in the seasonal character of climate during successive interstadials, and provide a step towards determining the underlying mechanisms of the centennial-millennial-scale variability.
description: Multi-proxy lacustrine sediments independantly dated by sedimentation rate based chronology corroborated by dated tephras. Linked to Mediterranean marine sediments dated by tephrochronology.
DOI: 10.25921/6qjj-4302
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Indian Ocean SST Reconstruction and Oxygen Isotope, Ba/Ca and Geochemistry Data for last 31,000 Years

description: High resolution climate records of the ice age terminations from monsoon-dominated regions reveal the interplay of regional and global driving forces. Speleothem records from Chinese caves indicate that glacial terminations were interrupted by prominent weak monsoon intervals (WMI), lasting a few thousand years. Deglacial WMIs are interpreted as the result of cold temperature anomalies generated by sea ice feedbacks in the North Atlantic, most prominently during Heinrich Events. Recent modelling results suggest, however, that WMIs reflect changes in the intensity of the Indian rather than the East Asian monsoon. Here we use foraminiferal trace element (Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca) and stable isotope records from a sediment core off the Malabar coast in the southeastern Arabian Sea with centennial-scale resolution to test this hypothesis and to constrain the nature and timing of deglacial climate change in the tropical Indian Ocean. The Malabar deglacial SST record is unique in character and different from other tropical climate records. SST at the Last Glacial Maximum was 2.7±0.5 °C colder than pre-industrial SST. Deglacial warming started at 18.6 (95% CI range 18.8-18.1) kyr BP, within error of the onset of warming at other tropical sites as well as in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and either coeval with or up to 1 kyr before the atmospheric CO2 rise. Warming took place in two steps separated by an interval of stable SST between 15.7 (16.2-14.9) and 13.2 (13.9-12.0) kyr BP. The d18O-water record and the Ba/Ca record, which is a measure of Indian sub-continent riverine runoff, indicate that the last ice age termination was marked by a prominent weak Indian Monsoon interval interrupted by an intense monsoon phase, as seen in speleothem records and predicted by modelling. A strong correspondence between the timing of the Malabar d18Osw record and the Hulu Cave monsoon record suggests that deglacial d18O changes in both localities dominantly reflect compositional changes in precipitation, likely driven by changes in the North Atlantic.
description: Centennial scale seawater temperature and runoff record covering the last deglacialtion in the northern Indian Ocean
         Provided Keywords: Holocene, Younger Dryas, glacial
DOI: 10.25921/67mj-fq58
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stevenson - Pigeon Creek - PIEC - ITRDB OK037

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/6mny-rs71
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Higuera fire data from Poktovik Lake, Noatak River Valley, Northwestern Alaska - IMPD USPO-001

description: Tundra fires have important ecological impacts permafrost, and carbon cycling, but the on vegetation, wildlife, pattern and controls of historic tundra fire regimes are fire and vegetation history poorly understood. We use sediment records from four lakes to in a highly flammable tundra region develop a 2000-yr and compare this history with previously published fire records to examine spatial across Arctic Alaska. The four sites span and temporal variability a modern climatic gradient of tundra burning in the Noatak National Preserve, from warmer, drier down-valley locations. Modern vegetation valley sites, and pollen data past two millennia. Peaks in event return intervals (FRIs), locations to cooler, generally moister up-valley varies from herb- to shrub-dominated tundra from down- to up- suggest that this spatial pattern in macroscopic charcoal accumulation which did not vary significantly vegetation persisted over the provide estimates of fire- at millennial time scales but did vary across space. Down-valley with median FRIs of 150 years (95% sites burned relatively frequently CI 101-150) over the past similar to those from ancient shrub tundra and modern boreal forest. At significantly longer than those at 128-285). These differences evaporative demand at shaped tundra fire two millennia, and FRI distributions statistically up-valley sites FRIs were down-valley sites, with a median FRI of 218 likely reflect the cooler up-valley sites, but local-scale regimes. Comparisons with other that the tundra biome can sustain a wide range years (95% CI growing-season temperatures and lower variability in vegetation may have also long-term fire records in Alaska reveal of burning, with individual FRIs from as low as 30 years to more than 5000 burning has occurred under a years. These records range of climatic and fire histories within Alaska suggests together indicate that vegetation scenarios. The that the ecological impacts frequent tundra variety of tundra of tundra burning likewise vary widely, for wildlife-habitat maintenance and for the responses with important implications of tundra biophysical and biogeochemical processes Key words: Alaska; Arctic; charcoal analysis; climatic to climatic change.
DOI: 10.25921/6w4j-c531
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Columbia Icefield 1,000 Year Decadal Tree-Ring Isotope, RH, and Temperature

description: Modelling of tree-ring d13C and d18O data from the Columbia Icefield area in the eastern Rocky Mountains of western Canada provides fuller understanding of climatic and hydrologic variability over the past 1000 yr in this region, based on reconstruction of changes in growth season atmospheric relative humidity (RHgrs), winter temperature (Twin) and the precipitation d18O-Twin relation. The Little Ice Age (~AD 1530s-1890s) is marked by low RHgrs and Twin and a d18O-Twin relation offset from that of the present, reflecting enhanced meridional circulation and persistent influence of Arctic air masses. Independent proxy hydrologic evidence suggests that snowmelt sustained relatively abundant streamflow at this time in rivers draining the eastern Rockies. In contrast, the early millennium was marked by higher RHgrs and Twin and a d18O-Twin relation like that of the 20th century, consistent with pervasive influence of Pacific air masses because of strong zonal circulation. Especially mild conditions prevailed during the "Medieval Climate Anomaly" ~AD 1100-1250, corresponding with evidence for reduced discharge in rivers draining the eastern Rockies and extensive hydrological drought in neighbouring western USA.
description: Tree-ring isotopic data (d18O and d13C) from the Columbia Icefield area of the Canadian Rockies at decadal resolution, plus reconstructed winter temperature (Twin) and growth season atmospheric relative humidity (RHgrs) over the past 1000 years. Composite d13C and d18O chronologies spanning AD 951-1990 were developed from cross-dated 10-yr increments of Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) and Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) collected from 16 subfossil snags and living-tree sequences at three sites near the Athabasca, Robson, and Bennington glaciers. Carbon-isotope analyses were performed on cellulose by closed-tube combustion followed by dual-inlet mass spectrometry. The d13C data were corrected for changing d13C of atmospheric CO2 post-1850. Cellulose oxygen-isotope data were obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis followed by CF-IRMS. Growth season RH and winter T were reconstructed using a coupled isotope response-surface approach. See Edwards et al. (2008) for full details.
IITRDB12
DOI: 10.25921/67kt-nv60
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Stevenson - Knoppers Ford - PIEC - ITRDB AR082

description: Each year severe winter storms (~ice storms) damage trees throughout the southern USA. Arkansas and Oklahoma have a history of severe winter storms. To extend that history back beyond the reach of written records, a distinctive tree ring pattern or signature is needed. Storm-caused breakage, branch loss and bending stress provide that signature. We found a severe storm signature in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We used three published site chronologies, a set of five new site chronologies from a growth-and-yield study conducted by Oklahoma State University and the unpublished Shortleaf Canyon chronology from a master's thesis at the University of Arkansas. Our method is based on two ring width values for the first and second growing seasons after the storm standardized to the ring widths of the seven growing seasons after the storm. Concordance between storm years predicted by tree ring patterns and actual storm years was tested using Cohen's Kappa. Concern about confounding of ice storm signals by droughts led us to test concordance between severe storms and drought in July, August and September; results were inconclusive but stand as a warning that these two phenomena cannot be distinguished with certainty in the tree ring record. Damaging severe storms occurred in about 2.8% of all years. Two out of three storms identified as "severe" produced glaze icing.
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/6qrx-mm61
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - United Kingdom Shell Amino Acid Racemization Data

description: Until recently few studies of amino acid racemization of fossil bivalves and gastropods collected from river terrace deposits in Europe were based on the analysis of the intra-crystalline fraction. Instead they were based on the epimerization (racemization) of a single amino acid, isoleucine, and its inter-conversion to alloisoleucine. This paper presents data from the analysis of the intra-crystalline fraction of the shells, using a preparation technique of sample bleaching to remove the leachable matrix, thus leaving a component that exhibits closed-system behaviour. Reverse-phase HPLC separation with fluorescence detection allows the interpretation of four amino acids in detail: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and valine. The intra-crystalline fraction offers greater potential for improved resolution, especially when combined with the analysis of multiple amino acid d/l values, which racemize at different rates. This is explored using three species of freshwater gastropods (Bithynia tentaculata and troschelii, Valvata piscinalis) and the bivalve Corbicula. Sites of different ages within the Lower Thames river terrace sequence are used as a stratigraphical framework, with samples from other southern UK sites providing supplementary evidence. The results indicate better resolution using the intra-crystalline fraction over that obtained using unbleached shells, with differentiation possible at sites of up to MIS 7 age. However, for older sites, although values are always higher, the separation is less successful. A species effect has been identified between the gastropod shells. Despite the analysis of intra-crystalline protein, amino acid data from Corbicula remain problematical. Preliminary data on the opercula from Bithynia indicate that better resolution is possible, particularly at older sites.
description: Amino acid racemization (D/L) data on freshwater gastropod (Bithynia, Valvata) and bivalve (Corbicula) shells from sites in the United Kingdom.  Data include extent of amino acid racemization (D/L) for aspartic acid (Asx), glutamic acid (Glx), serine (Ser), alanine (Ala) and valine (Val).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7fcnda
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10429 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Carterornis leucotis)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10429 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0085781-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.57q5ep
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 83 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Monomorium floricola",
 "Country is Dominican Republic",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 83 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0085783-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.