cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k658bh2
title: Data from: On the possible role of nonreproductive traits for the evolution of unisexuality: life‐history variation among males, females, and hermaphrodites in Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae)

description: In angiosperms, dioecy has arisen in 871–5,000 independent events,
 distributed in approximately 43% of the flowering families. The
 reproductive superiority of unisexuals has been the favorite explanation
 for the evolution of separate sexes. However, in several instances, the
 observed reproductive performance of unisexuals, if any, does not seem to
 compensate for the loss of one of the sex functions. The involvement of
 fitness components not directly associated with reproduction is a
 plausible hypothesis that has received little attention. Life‐history
 traits recently recognized as predictors of plant performance were
 compared among males, females, and hermaphrodites of a rare trioecious
 Opuntia robusta population in the field, using the cladode as the study
 unit. Cladode mortality by domestic herbivores was common and higher in
 females and hermaphrodites than in males. Males, females, or both
 displayed lower shrinkage and higher rates of survival, growth, and
 reproductive frequency than hermaphrodites. Unisexuals simultaneously
 outperformed hermaphrodites in demographic traits known to compete for
 common limiting resources, such as the acceleration of reproductive
 maturation (progenesis) and survival. A meta‐analysis combining the
 outcomes of each of the analyzed life‐history traits revealed a tendency
 of males (d++ = 1.03) and females (d++ = 0.93) to outperform
 hermaphrodites in presumably costly demographic options. Clonality is
 induced by human or domestic animal plant sectioning; and males and
 females highly exceeded hermaphrodites in their clonality potential by a
 factor of 8.3 and 5.3, respectively. The performances of unisexuals in the
 analyzed life‐history traits may enhance their reproductive potential in
 the long run and their clonality potential and could explain the observed
 increase of unisexuality in the population. Life‐history traits can be
 crucial for the evolution of unisexuality, but their impact appears to be
 habitat specific and may involve broad ontogenetic changes.
description: Opuntia robusta sexual
 polymorphismContains files used for
 comparative analyses of males females and hermaphrodites in traits of
 Opuntia robusta including rooting and budding in detached cladodes,
 transpiration rates (based on changes of weight loss in detaches
 cladodes), survival and causes of mortality of cladodes, flowering
 frequency in terminal cladodes, growth parameters of the logistic curve
 and shrinkage rates if any. Missing data are represented as
 dots.data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4m7
title: Data from: Effects of habitat complexity on mating behavior and mating success in a marine fish

description: The environments animals inhabit vary greatly in structural complexity,
 both naturally and as a consequence of human disturbance. Structural
 complexity might affect communication by visual and other means, impair
 detection of potential partners, and affect sexual selection processes.
 Previous studies on shallow water fishes suggest that sexual selection can
 be relaxed when visibility is reduced. Here, we test whether habitat
 complexity affects mate search, mate choice, and the opportunity for
 sexual selection in the two-spotted goby, Gobiusculus flavescens, a marine
 fish with paternal care. In 2×2 m tanks, we established environments with
 low or high habitat complexity and introduced a mixed-sex group of fish (8
 males, 8 females), which were allowed to breed. Two days later, we
 released additional (focal) ready-to-mate females in the tanks and
 observed female mate search and mating behaviors of both sexes. For
 females, habitat complexity negatively affected rate of movement,
 encounter rate with males, courtship rate, and time until mating. For
 males, habitat complexity resulted in fewer cases of multiple-male
 simultaneous courtships. Additionally, fewer courtship interactions were
 interrupted by male–male aggression in the complex habitat. However, these
 clear behavioral effects did not appear to affect the mating skew among
 males. Despite the absence of a difference in the opportunity for
 selection between treatments, we detected positive selection for male
 length in the open but not in the structurally complex environment. The
 results indicate that habitat complexity affects mating behaviors of both
 females and males and that a more structurally complex habitat might relax
 sexual selection.
description: female
 searchmale
 qualityMales
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3kj5s
title: Data from: Anxiety-like behaviour increases safety from fish predation in an amphipod crustacea

description: Anxiety is an emotional state generally expressed as sustained
 apprehension of the environment and elevated vigilance. It has been widely
 reported in vertebrates, and, more recently, in a few invertebrate
 species. However, its fitness value remains elusive. We investigated
 anxiety-like behaviour and its consequences in an amphipod crustacean,
 using electric-shock as an aversive stimuli, and pharmacological assays.
 Anxiety-like state induced by electric shocks in Gammarus fossarum was
 expressed through increased sheltering behaviour in absence of predation
 risk, thereby showing the pervasive nature of such behavioural response.
 Increasing the number of electric shocks both increased refuge use and
 delayed behavioural recovery. The behavioural effect of electric shock was
 mitigated by pre-treatment with LY354740, a metabotropic glutamate
 receptor group II/III agonist. Importantly, we found that this modulation
 of decision making under anxiety-like state resulted in an increased
 survival to predation in microcosm experiments. This study confirms the
 interest in taking an evolutionary view to the study of anxiety, and calls
 for further investigation on the costs counterbalancing the survival
 benefit of an elevated anxiety level evidenced here.
description: Behavioral data (refuge
 use and locomotory activity) associated with anxiety-like state in an
 amphipodExcel file :- 1rst
 folder: description of abbreviations: 2nd folder: electric-shok and
 anxiolytic experiment; 3rd folder, dose and remanence of electris-shok;
 4th folder, refuge in group; 5thj folder, predation
 experimentdata_MJPM.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v52mq
title: Data from: No evidence for host specialization or host-race formation in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a fish that parasitizes freshwater mussels

description: Coevolutionary relationships between parasites and hosts can elevate the
 rate of evolutionary changes due to reciprocal adaptations between
 coevolving partners. Such relationships can result in the evolution of
 host specificity. Recent methodological advances have permitted the
 recognition of cryptic lineages, with important consequences for our
 understanding of biological diversity. We used the European bitterling
 (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish that parasitizes unionid mussels, to
 investigate host specialization across regions of recent and ancient
 sympatry between coevolving partners. We combined genetic data (12
 microsatellite and 2 mitochondrial markers) from five populations with
 experimental data for possible mechanisms of host species recognition
 (imprinting and conditioning). We found no strong evidence for the
 existence of cryptic lineages in R. amarus, though a small proportion of
 variation among individuals in an area of recent bitterling-mussel
 association was statistically significant in explaining host specificity.
 No other measures supported the existence of host-specific lineages.
 Behavioural data revealed a weak effect of conditioning that biased
 behavioural preferences toward specific host species. Host imprinting had
 no effect on oviposition behaviour. Overall, we established that
 populations of R. amarus show limited potential for specialization,
 manifested as weak effects of host conditioning and genetic
 within-population structure. Rhodeus amarus is the only species of
 mussel-parasitizing fish in Europe, which contrasts with the species-rich
 communities of bitterling in eastern Asia where several host-specific
 bitterling occur. We discuss costs and constraints on the evolution of
 host-specific lineages in our study system and more generally.
description: behav_data_bitterling_gentesdata from behavioural experiment reported in the msgentes microsats
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2sv68
title: Data from: A synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide inhibits inflammatory response and the NLRP3 inflammasome by neutralizing LPS and ATP

description: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most important defense
 mechanisms against bacterial infections in insects, plants, non-mammalian
 vertebrates, and mammals. In the present study, a class of synthetic AMPs
 was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. One cationic AMP, GW-A2,
 demonstrated the ability to inhibit the expression levels of nitric oxide
 (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor
 necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide
 (LPS)-activated macrophages. GW-A2 reduced LPS-induced increases in the
 phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase
 C-α/δ and the activation of NF-κB. GW-A2 also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome
 activation induced by LPS and ATP. Furthermore, in the mice injected with
 LPS, GW-A2 reduced (1) the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the
 serum; (2) the concentration of TNF-α in the peritoneal lavage; (3) the
 expression levels of iNOS, COX-2 and NLRP3 in the liver and lung; (4) the
 infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the liver and lung. The
 underlying mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory activity of GW-A2 were
 found to be partially due to LPS and ATP neutralization. These results
 provide insights into how GW-A2 inhibits inflammation and the NLRP3
 inflammasome and provide a foundation for the design of rational
 therapeutics for inflammation-related diseases.
description: 2017-06-30 Raw data for
 Lan-Hui Li et al.The raw data of "A
 synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide inhibits inflammatory response
 and the NLRP3 inflammasome by neutralizing LPS and
 ATP".
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5m5662
title: Data from: Bird mixed-species flock formation is driven by low temperatures between and within seasons in a Subtropical Andean-foothill forest

description: According to both the predation avoidance and foraging efficiency
 hypotheses, birds within mixed flocks increase their foraging efficiency
 and/or can spend more time feeding and less time looking out for
 predators. These hypotheses predict that birds in mixed flocks obtain
 benefits. Thus, mixed flock formation could serve as a strategy to cope
 with difficult conditions imposed on birds such as climatic conditions
 that ultimately result in a change in predation pressure or food
 resources. We evaluate the hypotheses that forming part of a flock confers
 benefits to its members and the associated prediction that birds will take
 advantage of these benefits and flock more often under cold and dry
 weather conditions between and within seasons to cope with such
 conditions. We surveyed the presence of mixed flocks, flocking propensity,
 number of species and individuals in mixed flocks in the subtropical
 Yungas-foothill of Argentina, to examine seasonality, flocking behavior of
 birds and their responses to two climatic variables: temperature and
 humidity. Bird species presented a higher flocking propensity and mixed
 flocks occurred more frequently during the dry and cold seasons than
 during the more benign seasons, and lower values of temperature within
 seasons triggered the flocking behavior. Although effects between seasons
 were expected, birds also showed a short-term response to small changes in
 temperature within seasons. These results strengthen the ideas proposed by
 the foraging hypothesis. Although benefits derived from flocking have yet
 to be determined, whatever they are should be understood in the context of
 seasonal variation in life-history traits.
description: Bird mixed-species
 flockThe first sheet contains
 the data description and the others provide data for each
 analysisData availability
 statement.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5st48g8
title: Data from: Hierarchical decision-making balances current and future reproductive success

description: Parental decisions in animals are often context-dependent and shaped by
 fitness trade-offs between parents and offspring. For example, the
 selection of breeding habitats can considerably impact the fitness of both
 offspring and parents, and therefore parents should carefully weigh the
 costs and benefits of available options for their current and future
 reproductive success. Here we show that resource-use preferences are
 shaped by a trade-off between parental effort and offspring safety in a
 tadpole-transporting frog. In a large-scale in-situ experiment, we
 investigated decision-strategies across an entire population of poison
 frogs that distribute their tadpoles across multiple water bodies. Pool
 use followed a dynamic and sequential selection process and transportation
 became more efficient over time. Our results point to a complex suite of
 environmental variables that are considered during offspring deposition,
 which necessitates a highly dynamic and flexible decision-making process
 in tadpole-transporting frogs.
description: dataset
 dropoffdropoff.txtlegend_dropoff.txtdataset clutchesclutches.txtlegend_clutches.txtdataset forestpoolsforestpools.txtlegend_forestpools.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.618
title: Data from: Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of an insular radiation in Pacific black flies (Simulium)

description: Ecological adaptation within islands may have figured prominently in the
 insular radiation of black flies (subgenus Inseliellum) in the Society
 Islands, French Polynesia. To aid in understanding the sequence of
 ecological shifts in this group, we have constructed a phylogeny using
 morphology, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, and the small ribosomal
 subunit (12S) gene. The strong influence of COI on the combined analysis
 tree was evident from its contribution to the partitioned Bremer support
 (62%). The net effect of including 12S was to reduce overall tree support.
 Different character sets resolved different portions of the combined
 analysis tree, with COI resolving recent lineages, 12S resolving basal
 relationships and morphology supporting the monophyly of taxa possessing
 reduced larval feeding fans (oviceps group). The Partitionâ Homogeneity
 and Kashino-Hasegawa tests indicated significant incongruence between
 morphological and mitochondrial data. The Templeton test revealed that
 morphology and the combined (COI+12S) mitochondrial data were incongruent.
 This conflict stems primarily from disagreement over the monophyly of taxa
 with highly reduced larval feeding fans. Either 1) convergence in a subset
 of morphological characters, 2) low phylogenetic signal among
 mitochondrial sequences, or 3) lineage sorting causing the mitochondrial
 data to track an incorrect evolutionary history, may be responsible.
description: 12S Data
 Set12S.nexusCOI Data SetCOI.nexusMorphology Data Setmorphology.nexus
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.52t0d4qm
title: Data from: Building genetic networks using relatedness information: a novel approach for the estimation of dispersal and characterization of group structure in social animals

description: Natal dispersal is an important life history trait driving variation in
 individual fitness and, therefore, a proper understanding of the factors
 underlying dispersal behaviour is critical to many fields including
 population dynamics, behavioural ecology and conservation biology.
 However, individual dispersal patterns remain difficult to quantify
 despite many years of research using direct and indirect methods. Here, we
 quantify dispersal in a single intensively-studied population of the
 cooperatively breeding chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps)
 using genetic networks created from the combination of pairwise
 relatedness data and social networking methods and compare this to
 dispersal estimates from re-sighting data. Not only does this novel
 approach identify movements between social groups within our study sites
 but also provides an estimation of immigration rates of individuals
 originating outside the study site. Both genetic and re-sighting data
 indicated that dispersal was strongly female-biased, but the magnitude of
 dispersal estimates was much greater using genetic data. This suggests
 that many previous studies relying on mark-recapture data may have
 significantly underestimated dispersal. An analysis of spatial genetic
 structure within the sampled population also supports the idea that
 females are more dispersive, with females having no structure beyond the
 bounds of their own social group while male genetic structure expands for
 750 meters from their social group. Although the genetic network approach
 we have used is an excellent tool for visualising the social and genetic
 microstructure of social animals and identifying dispersers, our results
 also indicate the importance of applying them in parallel with behavioural
 and life history data.
description: network genotype
 fileGenotypes used to
 generate relatedness values for the construction of
 networksPopulation_allele_frequenciesAllele frequency file used to generate relatedness values in conjunction with associated genotype file
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dr9p3y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1578083 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Edinburgh (E) Herbarium Specimens"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1578083 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001042-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31154375
title: Aberrant expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 is involved in the immunopathological mechanism of myasthenia gravis

description: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and TREM-2, cell surface receptors involved in innate and adaptive immunity, exist in soluble (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) and membrane-bound forms, with the soluble form serve as biomarkers in many immune diseases. However, the role of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in MG, as well as their potential role in the immunopathological mechanism of MG. We enrolled a total of 85 MG patients and 43 healthy controls (HC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry were used to quantify the expression of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in MG patients and HC. The levels of TREM-1 and TREM-2 mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) in MG and HC. <i>In vitro</i> experiments were performed to explore the functional effects of intervening TREM-1 on CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells. We found that serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in MG patients Compared to HC, whereas sTREM-2 showed no difference. Additionally, sTREM-1 levels in MG patients positively correlated with disease severity and memory B-cell proportions. TREM-1 expression was reduced and most significantly on CD4<sup>+</sup>T and CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells in MG patients. Inhibition of TREM-1 inhibited Treg cell differentiation but had no significant effect on Th1, Th2, and Th17, indicating its pathogenic role in MG.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31154375.v1
title: Aberrant expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 is involved in the immunopathological mechanism of myasthenia gravis

description: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and TREM-2, cell surface receptors involved in innate and adaptive immunity, exist in soluble (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) and membrane-bound forms, with the soluble form serve as biomarkers in many immune diseases. However, the role of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in MG, as well as their potential role in the immunopathological mechanism of MG. We enrolled a total of 85 MG patients and 43 healthy controls (HC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry were used to quantify the expression of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in MG patients and HC. The levels of TREM-1 and TREM-2 mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) in MG and HC. <i>In vitro</i> experiments were performed to explore the functional effects of intervening TREM-1 on CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells. We found that serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in MG patients Compared to HC, whereas sTREM-2 showed no difference. Additionally, sTREM-1 levels in MG patients positively correlated with disease severity and memory B-cell proportions. TREM-1 expression was reduced and most significantly on CD4<sup>+</sup>T and CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells in MG patients. Inhibition of TREM-1 inhibited Treg cell differentiation but had no significant effect on Th1, Th2, and Th17, indicating its pathogenic role in MG.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3bm04
title: Data from: Reproduction does not adversely affect liver mitochondrial respiratory function but results in lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidants in house mice

description: Reproduction is thought to come at a cost to longevity. Based on the
 assumption that increased energy expenditure during reproduction is
 associated with increased free-radical production by mitochondria,
 oxidative damage has been suggested to drive this trade-off. We examined
 the impact of reproduction on liver mitochondrial function by utilizing
 post-reproductive and non-reproductive house mice (Mus musculus) living
 under semi-natural conditions. The age-matched post-reproductive and
 non-reproductive groups were compared after the reproductive females
 returned to a non-reproductive state, so that both groups were in the same
 physiological state at the time the liver was collected. Despite increased
 oxidative damage (p = 0.05) and elevated CuZnSOD (p = 0.002) and catalase
 (p = 0.04) protein levels, reproduction had no negative impacts on the
 respiratory function of liver mitochondria. Specifically, in a
 post-reproductive, maintenance state the mitochondrial coupling (i.e.,
 respiratory control ratio) of mouse livers show no negative impacts of
 reproduction. In fact, there was a trend (p = 0.059) to suggest increased
 maximal oxygen consumption by liver mitochondria during the ADP stimulated
 state (i.e., state 3) in post-reproduction. These findings suggest that
 oxidative damage may not impair mitochondrial respiratory function and
 question the role of mitochondria in the trade-off between reproduction
 and longevity. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of
 quantifying the respiratory function of mitochondria in addition to
 measuring oxidative damage.
description: Reproduction does not
 adversely affect liver mitochondrial respiratory
 functionMitochondrial
 respiration, oxidative damage, and antioxidant valuesPONE-D-16-15713R2 posted on
 Dryad.xlsx