DOI: 10.5061/dryad.280gb5n1x
title: Data from: Invasive fish reshape biodiversity patterns in China’s freshwater lakes

description: Globalization has dramatically accelerated the spread of non-native
 species, intensifying threats to freshwater ecosystems. While China ranks
 among the most heavily invaded countries, the role of non-native species
 as key drivers of biodiversity changes is often overlooked in research on
 anthropogenic impacts. This oversight hampers the development of effective
 conservation and management strategies by limiting a full understanding of
 what shapes biodiversity patterns. To bridge this gap, an extensive
 dataset from 131 lakes across China was compiled and analyzed using a
 novel composite diversity index that integrates species richness with
 functional and phylogenetic uniqueness, allowing for a more precise
 identification of fish multidimensional diversity hotspots. Additionally,
 gradient forest models were employed to elucidate the impacts of
 non-native species, geography, climate, and physicochemical factors on
 these patterns. Our findings revealed significant taxonomic and functional
 homogenization in non-native hotspots within the overall fish community,
 coupled with phylogenetic diversification. Notably, non-native fish
 diversity emerged as the primary factor shaping overall and native fish
 multidimensional diversity patterns. While the establishment of non-native
 species may provide an immediate enhancement to overall diversity, it
 often leads to the extirpation/extinction of native species, ultimately
 resulting in biodiversity loss at local and potentially the regional
 scale. This study highlights the importance of examining multiple
 dimensions to characterise the intricate dynamics between native and
 non-native species, which is essential for understanding their true impact
 on biodiversity and for achieving global conservation goals.
description: GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Invasive fish reshape
 biodiversity patterns in China's freshwater lakes 2. Author
 Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Zhice
 Liang Institution: Institute of Hydrobiology Address: Wuhan, China Email:
 [liangzhice@ihb.ac.cn](mailto:liangzhice@ihb.ac.cn) B. Associate or
 Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Chuanbo Guo Institution:
 Institute of Hydrobiology Address: Wuhan, China Email:
 [guocb@ihb.ac.cn](mailto:guocb@ihb.ac.cn) 3. Date of data collection
 (single date, range, approximate date): Post-2000 and pre-1990 periods. 4.
 Geographic location of data collection: 131 major lakes in China 5.
 Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the
 data: National Natural Science Foundation of China: NO. 32172980; National
 Key Research and Development Program of China: No. 2023YFD2400900; the
 earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System: CARS-45; China
 Scholarship Council: No. 202304910486 SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1.
 Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0)
 Public Domain 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Liang,
 Z. C., Jackson, D. A., et al. (2025). Invasive fish reshape biodiversity
 patterns in China's freshwater lakes. 3. Links to other publicly
 accessible locations of the data: None 4. Links/relationships to ancillary
 data sets: None 5. Was data derived from another source? No If yes, list
 source(s): NA 6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Liang, Z. C.,
 Jackson, D. A., et al. (2025). Data from: Invasive fish reshape
 biodiversity patterns in China's freshwater lakes. Dryad Digital
 Repository. DOI: 10.5061/dryad.280gb5n1x DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File
 List: A) Table S1: Functional traits for each identified fish species in
 the post-2000 period B) Table S2: The results of overall fish taxonomic
 β-diversity (β_OA_TD), functional β-diversity (β_OA_FD), and phylogenetic
 β-diversity (β_OA_PD) in the 12 non-native fish diversity hotspots during
 historical and current periods C) Fasta S1: Comparative sequences of the
 mitochondrial COⅠ gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ) for each identified
 fish species in the post-2000 period 1. Relationship between files, if
 important: None 2. Additional related data collected that was not included
 in the current data package: None 3. Are there multiple versions of the
 dataset? No A. If yes, name of file(s) that was updated: NA i. Why was the
 file updated? NA ii. When was the file updated? NA
 \#########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Table S1: Functional traits for each
 identified fish species in the post-2000 period 1. Number of variables: 16
 2. Number of cases/rows: 318 3. Variable List: * Fish species * Max length
 (Maximum standard length that can be achieved during lifecycle, continuous
 variable, mm) * Relative head length (The ratio of head length to standard
 length, continuous variable, mm) * Relative eye size (The ratio of the
 diameter of the eye to the body height passing through the center of the
 eye, continuous variable, mm) * Relative snout length (The ratio of snout
 length to head length, continuous variable, mm) * Relative head depth (The
 ratio of the body height passing through the center of the eye to body
 depth, continuous variable, mm) * Pectoral fin position (The ratio of the
 distance from the pectoral fin to the anterior end of the fish to the
 standard length, continuous variable, mm) * Swimming factor (The ratio of
 caudal peduncle depth to caudal fin depth, continuous variable, mm) *
 Relative body depth (The ratio of body height to body width, continuous
 variable, mm) * Rheophily (1- Rheophilic, 2- Limnophilic, 3- Eurytopic,
 categorical variable) * Position of the water column (1- Benthic, 2-
 Benthopelagic, 3- Pelagic, categorical variable) * Life span (1- (≤ 10),
 2- (10- 20), 3- (&gt; 20), categorical variable) * Dietary preference (1-
 Filter feeding; 2- Carnivorous; 3- Herbivorous; 4- Omnivorous, categorical
 variable) * Spawning mode (1- Batch spawning, 2- Total spawning,
 categorical variable) * Migratory type 1- Reproductive migration, 2-
 Forage migration, 3- Overwinter migration, 4- Resident fish species,
 categorical variable) * Reproductive mode (1- Buoyant eggs, 2- Floating
 eggs, 3- Adhesive/sinking eggs, 4- Other, categorical variable) 4. Missing
 data codes: None 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None
 \#########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Table S2: The results of overall fish
 taxonomic β-diversity (β_OA_TD), functional β-diversity (β_OA_FD), and
 phylogenetic β-diversity (β_OA_PD) in the 12 non-native fish diversity
 hotspots during historical and current periods 1. Number of variables: 3
 2. Number of cases/rows: 67 3. Variable List: * Overall fish taxonomic
 β-diversity (β_OA_TD) during historical and current periods * Overall fish
 functional β-diversity (β_OA_FD) during historical and current periods *
 Overall fish phylogenetic β-diversity (β_OA_PD) during historical and
 current periods 1. Missing data codes: None 4. Specialized formats or
 other abbreviations used: None
 \#########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Fasta S1: Comparative sequences of the
 mitochondrial COⅠ gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ) for each identified
 fish species. 1. Variable List: * Fish species * Comparative sequences of
 the mitochondrial COⅠ gene * Branch Lengths * Bootstrap values 2. Missing
 data codes: None 3. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None