DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s8f74
title: Data from: Comparative analysis of Japanese three-spined stickleback clades reveals the Pacific Ocean lineage has adapted to freshwater environments while the Japan Sea has not

description: Divergent selection and adaptive divergence can increase phenotypic
 diversification amongst populations and lineages. Yet adaptive divergence
 between different environments, habitats or niches does not occur in all
 lineages. For example, the colonization of freshwater environments by
 ancestral marine species has triggered adaptive radiation and phenotypic
 diversification in some taxa but not in others. Studying closely related
 lineages differing in their ability to diversify is an excellent means of
 understanding the factors promoting and constraining adaptive evolution. A
 well-known example of the evolution of increased phenotypic
 diversification following freshwater colonization is the three-spined
 stickleback. Two closely related stickleback lineages, the Pacific Ocean
 and the Japan Sea occur in Japan. However, Japanese freshwater stickleback
 populations are derived from the Pacific Ocean lineage only, suggesting
 the Japan Sea lineage is unable to colonize freshwater. Using stable
 isotope data and trophic morphology, we first show higher rates of
 phenotypic and ecological diversification between marine and freshwater
 populations within the Pacific Ocean lineage, confirming adaptive
 divergence has occurred between the two lineages and within the Pacific
 Ocean lineage but not in the Japan Sea lineage. We further identified
 consistent divergence in diet and foraging behaviour between marine forms
 from each lineage, confirming Pacific Ocean marine sticklebacks, from
 which all Japanese freshwater populations are derived, are better adapted
 to freshwater environments than Japan Sea sticklebacks. We suggest
 adaptive divergence between ancestral marine populations may have played a
 role in constraining phenotypic diversification and adaptive evolution in
 Japanese sticklebacks.
description: Stable isotope
 dataThis is a zip file
 containing three text files, all of which include stable isotope data used
 in the study. The first is for the dietary comparison between Japan Sea
 and Pacific Ocean anadromous sticklebacks in the Bekanbeushi catchment
 (bekanbeushi_gast_sia_141014.txt). The second is for the dietary
 comparison across the range of the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean stickleback
 lineages (comparative_gasterosteus_sia_141014.txt). This file includes
 data from allopatric and sympatric populations of both lineages as well as
 from Pacific freshwater populations. Finally there is the
 macroinvertebrate used for estimation of dietary contributions
 (macroinvertebrate_sia_141014.txt). Column headers should be self
 explanatory but in all cases information is given on the site of capture
 and the species. Common columns are %N (per_N), %C (per_C), d15N, d13C and
 C:N ratios.stable_isotope_data_141014.zipForaging efficency trial dataThis text file contains all data collected during foraging efficiency trials using Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean anadromous fish. In order the columns denote, the individual id (Fish-id), the species (spp), the timing of the initial strike in seconds (int_strike), standard length in mm (SL), the number of vertical strikes (vert_strike), the number of strikes at prey items (prey_strike), the number of abandoned prey items (abandon_prey), the total number of prey items handled (handled), the number of prey items dropped (drop and the number of prey items consumed (consumed).foraging_efficiency_trial_data_141014.txtData and R scripts for comparative phylogenetic analysisThis zip file contains the microsatellite data, phenotypic data and R scripts used to conductive all comparative phylogenetic analyses covered in the study. For further comments on the contents of files, please see the attached README. R scripts are explained using inline comments.comparative_data_scripts.zip