cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143115.v1/t9
title: "Figure 16c" of "Heavy-quark production and elliptic flow in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV"

description: The $R_{AA}$ for electrons from heavy-flavor decays in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV for the indicated centralities. The error bars (boxes) represent the statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global uncertainty due to the uncertainty in Ncoll for each centrality is given by the box on the right side of each plot.
description: We present measurements of electrons and positrons from the semileptonic decays of heavy- flavor hadrons at midrapidity (|$y$| &lt; 0.35) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. The data were collected in 2010 by the PHENIX experiment that included the new hadron-blind detector. The invariant yield of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 1 &lt; $p^{e}_{T}$ &lt; 5 GeV/$c$. The invariant yield per binary collision is slightly enhanced above the $p+p$ reference in Au+Au 0%-20%, 20%-40% and 40%-60% centralities at a comparable level. At this low beam energy this may be a result of the interplay between initial-state Cronin effects, final-state flow, and energy loss in medium. The $v_{2}$ of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is nonzero when averaged between 1.3 &lt; $p^{e}_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ for 0%-40% centrality collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. For 20%-40% centrality collisions, the $v_{2}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV is smaller than that for heavy flavor decays at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The $v_{2}$ of the electrons from heavy-flavor decay at the lower beam energy is also smaller than $v_{2}$ for pions. Both results indicate that the heavy-quarks interact with the medium formed in these collisions, but they may not be at the same level of thermalization with the medium as observed at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.84c7yr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 56 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT "year", COUNT(*) as RecordsCount 
 FROM occurrence
 WHERE "year" &gt;= 1970 
 AND level0gid = 'ROU'
 AND countrycode = 'RO'
 AND (kingdom = 'Plantae' OR kingdom = 'Animalia') 
 AND (basisOfRecord = 'OBSERVATION' OR basisOfRecord = 'LIVING_SPECIMEN' OR basisOfRecord = 'MATERIAL_SAMPLE' OR basisOfRecord = 'HUMAN_OBSERVATION' OR basisOfRecord = 'MACHINE_OBSERVATION' OR basisOfRecord = 'OCCURRENCE')
 AND occurrenceStatus = 'PRESENT' 
 AND decimalLongitude IS NOT NULL 
 AND decimalLatitude IS NOT NULL
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_INVALID') 
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'ZERO_COORDINATE') 
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_OUT_OF_RANGE') 
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COUNTRY_COORDINATE_MISMATCH') 
 GROUP BY "year"
 ORDER BY "year"

 The dataset's 56 records were derived from 92 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015990-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143115.v1/t13
title: "Figure 20" of "Heavy-quark production and elliptic flow in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV"

description: Heavy-flavor electron RCP between centrality 0\%–20\% and 40\%–60\% in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 62.4 GeV. The error bars (boxes) show the statistical (systematic) uncertainties.
description: We present measurements of electrons and positrons from the semileptonic decays of heavy- flavor hadrons at midrapidity (|$y$| &lt; 0.35) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. The data were collected in 2010 by the PHENIX experiment that included the new hadron-blind detector. The invariant yield of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 1 &lt; $p^{e}_{T}$ &lt; 5 GeV/$c$. The invariant yield per binary collision is slightly enhanced above the $p+p$ reference in Au+Au 0%-20%, 20%-40% and 40%-60% centralities at a comparable level. At this low beam energy this may be a result of the interplay between initial-state Cronin effects, final-state flow, and energy loss in medium. The $v_{2}$ of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is nonzero when averaged between 1.3 &lt; $p^{e}_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ for 0%-40% centrality collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. For 20%-40% centrality collisions, the $v_{2}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV is smaller than that for heavy flavor decays at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The $v_{2}$ of the electrons from heavy-flavor decay at the lower beam energy is also smaller than $v_{2}$ for pions. Both results indicate that the heavy-quarks interact with the medium formed in these collisions, but they may not be at the same level of thermalization with the medium as observed at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143115.v1/t14
title: "Figure 21" of "Heavy-quark production and elliptic flow in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV"

description: Candidate (inclusive), photonic, and heavy-flavor electron $v_{2}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV for 20%-40% centrality.
description: We present measurements of electrons and positrons from the semileptonic decays of heavy- flavor hadrons at midrapidity (|$y$| &lt; 0.35) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. The data were collected in 2010 by the PHENIX experiment that included the new hadron-blind detector. The invariant yield of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 1 &lt; $p^{e}_{T}$ &lt; 5 GeV/$c$. The invariant yield per binary collision is slightly enhanced above the $p+p$ reference in Au+Au 0%-20%, 20%-40% and 40%-60% centralities at a comparable level. At this low beam energy this may be a result of the interplay between initial-state Cronin effects, final-state flow, and energy loss in medium. The $v_{2}$ of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is nonzero when averaged between 1.3 &lt; $p^{e}_{T}$ &lt; 2.5 GeV/$c$ for 0%-40% centrality collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. For 20%-40% centrality collisions, the $v_{2}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV is smaller than that for heavy flavor decays at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The $v_{2}$ of the electrons from heavy-flavor decay at the lower beam energy is also smaller than $v_{2}$ for pions. Both results indicate that the heavy-quarks interact with the medium formed in these collisions, but they may not be at the same level of thermalization with the medium as observed at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143116.v1/t1
title: "Figure 6a" of "Azimuthally anisotropic emission of low-momentum direct photons in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: Direct photon $v_2$ and $v_3$ at midrapidity ($|\eta|$ &lt; 0.35), for different centralities, measured with the conversion method. The event plane was determined with the reaction plane detector (1 &lt; $|\eta|$ &lt; 2.8).
description: The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured 2nd and 3rd order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal distributions of direct photons emitted at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for various collision centralities. Combining two different analysis techniques, results were obtained in the transverse momentum range of 0.4 &lt; $p_T$ &lt; 4.0 GeV/$c$. At low $p_T$ the second-order coefficients, $v_2$, are similar to the ones observed in hadrons. Third order coefficients, $v_3$, are nonzero and almost independent of centrality. These new results on $v_2$ and $v_3$, combined with previously published results on yields, are compared to model calculations that provide yields and asymmetries in the same framework. Those models are challenged to explain simultaneously the observed large yield and large azimuthal anisotropies.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143116.v1/t2
title: "Figure 6b" of "Azimuthally anisotropic emission of low-momentum direct photons in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV"

description: Direct photon $v_2$ and $v_3$ at midrapidity ($|\eta|$ &lt; 0.35), for different centralities, measured with the calorimeter method. The event plane was determined with the reaction plane detector (1 &lt; $|\eta|$ &lt; 2.8).
description: The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured 2nd and 3rd order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal distributions of direct photons emitted at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for various collision centralities. Combining two different analysis techniques, results were obtained in the transverse momentum range of 0.4 &lt; $p_T$ &lt; 4.0 GeV/$c$. At low $p_T$ the second-order coefficients, $v_2$, are similar to the ones observed in hadrons. Third order coefficients, $v_3$, are nonzero and almost independent of centrality. These new results on $v_2$ and $v_3$, combined with previously published results on yields, are compared to model calculations that provide yields and asymmetries in the same framework. Those models are challenged to explain simultaneously the observed large yield and large azimuthal anisotropies.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143150.v1/t1
title: "Figure 1" of "Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean e(T) in s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV Au + Au collisions."

description: The $N_{tracks}$ distribution for the $0-10\%$ centrality class (data points) compared to the $N_{mix}$ distribution from the mixed event sample (curve).
description: Event-by event fluctuations in Mean $p_T$ and mean $E_T$ in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130GeV Au+Au Collisions
Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV at RHIC. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of non-statistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant non-random fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive $p_T$ or $e_T$ spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143150.v1/t2
title: "Figure 3" of "Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean e(T) in s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV Au + Au collisions."

description: The $M_{p_T}$ distributions for four different centrality classes. The curves are the random baseline mixed event distributions.
description: Event-by event fluctuations in Mean $p_T$ and mean $E_T$ in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130GeV Au+Au Collisions
Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV at RHIC. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of non-statistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant non-random fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive $p_T$ or $e_T$ spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143150.v1/t3
title: "Figure 4" of "Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean e(T) in s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV Au + Au collisions."

description: The residual distribution between the data and mixed event $M_{p_T}$ in units of standard deviations for all centrality classes. The total ${\chi}^2$ and the number of degrees of freedom for the $0-5\%$, $0-10\%$, $10-20\%$, $20-30\%$ centrality classes are 89.0/39, 155.7/40,163.3/47, and 218.4/61, respectively.
description: Event-by event fluctuations in Mean $p_T$ and mean $E_T$ in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130GeV Au+Au Collisions
Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV at RHIC. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of non-statistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant non-random fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive $p_T$ or $e_T$ spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143150.v1/t4
title: "Figure 5" of "Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean e(T) in s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV Au + Au collisions."

description: The $M_{e_T}$ distributions for four different centrality classes. The curves are the random baseline mixed event distributions. The source of differences in the data and mixed event distributions are addressed in the text.
description: Event-by event fluctuations in Mean $p_T$ and mean $E_T$ in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130GeV Au+Au Collisions
Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV at RHIC. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of non-statistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant non-random fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive $p_T$ or $e_T$ spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143150.v1/t5
title: "Figure 6" of "Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean e(T) in s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV Au + Au collisions."

description: The residual distribution between the data and mixed event $M_{e_T}$ spectra as a function of $M_{e_T}$ in units of standard deviation. The total ${\chi}^2$ and the number of degrees of freedom for the $0-5\%$, $0-10\%$, $10-20\%$, $20-30\%$ centrality classes are 310.0/32, 896.4/36, 678.7/47, and 553.9/53, respectively. A large fraction of the residual contributions are due to the effects of cluster merging.
description: Event-by event fluctuations in Mean $p_T$ and mean $E_T$ in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130GeV Au+Au Collisions
Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV at RHIC. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of non-statistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant non-random fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive $p_T$ or $e_T$ spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143184.v1/t1
title: "Figure 1a Part 1" of "Net charge fluctuations in Au + Au interactions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV."

description: The normalized variance $v(Q)$as a function of $n_{ch}$.
description: Data from Au $+$ Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130\ GeV$, obtained with the PHENIX detector at RHIC, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near mid-rapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the Quark Gluon Plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143184.v1/t2
title: "Figure 1a Part 2" of "Net charge fluctuations in Au + Au interactions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV."

description: The normalized variance $v(R)$ as a function of $n_{ch}$.
description: Data from Au $+$ Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130\ GeV$, obtained with the PHENIX detector at RHIC, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near mid-rapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the Quark Gluon Plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143184.v1/t3
title: "Figure 1b" of "Net charge fluctuations in Au + Au interactions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV."

description: The normalized variance $v(Q)$ for different centrality classes.
description: Data from Au $+$ Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130\ GeV$, obtained with the PHENIX detector at RHIC, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near mid-rapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the Quark Gluon Plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143184.v1/t4
title: "Figure 2a" of "Net charge fluctuations in Au + Au interactions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV."

description: $v(Q)$, for central events, as a function of the azimuthal coverage of the detector for data. (Angles in degrees.)
description: Data from Au $+$ Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130\ GeV$, obtained with the PHENIX detector at RHIC, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near mid-rapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the Quark Gluon Plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143184.v1/t5
title: "Figure 2b" of "Net charge fluctuations in Au + Au interactions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV."

description: The effect on $v(Q)$ of varying the acceptance in $\varphi_r$. The solid curve shows the expectation from global charge conservation. The 10% most central events are used for data and RQMD. (Angles in degrees.)
description: Data from Au $+$ Au interactions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130\ GeV$, obtained with the PHENIX detector at RHIC, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near mid-rapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the Quark Gluon Plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17527153
title: CMIP7 ScenarioMIP historical timeseries for harmonisation and simple climate model workflow

description: History for CMIP7 ScenarioMIP emissions harmonisation

The files here are compiled historical experiment timeseries.
They were compiled for use as part of the CMIP7 ScenarioMIP exercise
and are primarily used for supporting emissions harmonisation.
Here, 'harmonisation' means alignment of modelled emissions from IAMs
with the emissions used for the CMIP7 historical experiment.

As a result, they are a key input for the process of
'gridding' emissions (i.e. taking raw emissions from IAMs
and assigning them to a spatial grid, ready for use by Earth System Models (ESMs))
and for running the simple climate model based assessment of the scenarios
to derive a first-order estimate of the warming associated with these scenarios
(the ESMs will quantify the warming and other climate change associated with these scenarios
as part of ScenarioMIP, and this quantification is underpinned by a deeper,
more physically-based set of modelling assumptions.)

There are three different files,
provided in three different formats each.
The three files are:



gridding-history*: the history used for harmonisation at the 'gridding' level.
The gridding requires emissions with regional and sectoral detail.
It also has to support every IAMs' native regions.
As a result, there are lots (of order 30 000) timeseries.

country-history*: same as above, but at the country level
rather than in native IAM regions.

global-workflow-history*: the history used for harmonisation at the 'global' level.
This only has global total emissions,
except for CO2 which is split into fossil-based
and land-based (i.e. originating from the land carbon pool) emissions.
It includes a number of species that are not used in the gridding workflow
but are relevant for climate projections
e.g. all of the greenhouse gases covered by the Montreal Protocol.
As a result, there are only 52 timeseries.


The files were derived using the code in this repository:
https://github.com/iiasa/emissions_harmonization_historical.
The filenames are composed of identifiers related to the processing
of each of the different input data sources.
To identify the exact meaning of these identifiers,
please see the processing code in
https://github.com/iiasa/emissions_harmonization_historical.
DOI: 10.17182/hepdata.143196.v1/t1
title: "Figure 3a" of "Nonperturbative transverse-momentum-dependent effects in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV"

description: The per-trigger yields are shown as a function of $\Delta\phi$ in several $p_T^{trig}$ $\otimes$ $p_T^{assoc}$ bins.
description: Dihadron and isolated direct photon-hadron angular correlations are measured in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV. The correlations are sensitive to nonperturbative initial-state and final-state transverse momentum $k_T$ and $j_T$ in the azimuthal nearly back-to-back region $\Delta\phi$ ∼ $\pi$. In this region, transverse-momentum-dependent evolution can be studied when several different hard scales are measured. To have sensitivity to small transverse momentum scales, nonperturbative momentum widths of $p_{out}$, the out-of-plane transverse momentum component perpendicular to the trigger particle, are measured. These widths are used to investigate possible effects from transverse-momentum-dependent factorization breaking. When accounting for the longitudinal momentum fraction of the away-side hadron with respect to the near-side trigger particle, the widths are found to increase with the hard scale; this is qualitatively similar to the observed behavior in Drell-Yan and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering interactions. The momentum widths are also studied as a function of center-of-mass energy by comparing to previous measurements at $\sqrt{s}$ = 510 GeV. The nonperturbative jet widths also appear to increase with $\sqrt{s}$ at a similar $x_T$, which is qualitatively consistent to similar measurements in Drell-Yan interactions. To quantify the magnitude of any transverse-momentum-dependent factorization breaking effects, calculations will need to be performed to compare to these measurements.