cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6798797
title: Late Holocene ice-wedge polygon dynamics in northeastern Siberian coastal lowlands

description: Ice-wedge polygons are common features of northeastern Siberian lowland periglacial tundra landscapes. To deduce the formation and alternation of ice-wedge polygons in the Kolyma Delta and in the Indigirka Lowland, we studied shallow cores, up to 1.3 m deep, from polygon center and rim locations. The formation of well-developed low-center polygons with elevated rims and wet centers is shown by the beginning of peat accumulation, increased organic matter contents, and changes in vegetation cover from Poaceae-, <i>Alnus-</i>, and <i>Betula-</i>dominated pollen spectra to dominating Cyperaceae and <i>Botryoccocus</i> presence, and <i>Carex</i> and <i>Drepanocladus revolvens</i> macro-fossils. Tecamoebae data support such a change from wetland to open-water conditions in polygon centers by changes from dominating eurybiontic and sphagnobiontic to hydrobiontic species assemblages. The peat accumulation indicates low-center polygon formation and started between 2380 ± 30 and 1676 ± 32 years before present (BP) in the Kolyma Delta. We recorded an opposite change from open-water to wetland conditions because of rim degradation and consecutive high-center polygon formation in the Indigirka Lowland between 2144 ± 33 and 1632 ± 32 years BP. The late Holocene records of polygon landscape development reveal changes in local hydrology and soil moisture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6798797.v3
title: Late Holocene ice-wedge polygon dynamics in northeastern Siberian coastal lowlands

description: Ice-wedge polygons are common features of northeastern Siberian lowland periglacial tundra landscapes. To deduce the formation and alternation of ice-wedge polygons in the Kolyma Delta and in the Indigirka Lowland, we studied shallow cores, up to 1.3 m deep, from polygon center and rim locations. The formation of well-developed low-center polygons with elevated rims and wet centers is shown by the beginning of peat accumulation, increased organic matter contents, and changes in vegetation cover from Poaceae-, <i>Alnus-</i>, and <i>Betula-</i>dominated pollen spectra to dominating Cyperaceae and <i>Botryoccocus</i> presence, and <i>Carex</i> and <i>Drepanocladus revolvens</i> macro-fossils. Tecamoebae data support such a change from wetland to open-water conditions in polygon centers by changes from dominating eurybiontic and sphagnobiontic to hydrobiontic species assemblages. The peat accumulation indicates low-center polygon formation and started between 2380 ± 30 and 1676 ± 32 years before present (BP) in the Kolyma Delta. We recorded an opposite change from open-water to wetland conditions because of rim degradation and consecutive high-center polygon formation in the Indigirka Lowland between 2144 ± 33 and 1632 ± 32 years BP. The late Holocene records of polygon landscape development reveal changes in local hydrology and soil moisture.
DOI: 10.13020/8bhv-dz98
title: R Code and Output Supporting "Accounting for individual-specific variation in habitat-selection studies: Efficient estimation of mixed-effects models using Bayesian or frequentist computation"

description: This repository contains data and R code (along with associated output from running the code) for fitting resource-selection functions and step-selection functions with random effects, supporting all results reported in:

Muff, S., Signer, J. and Fieberg, J., 2018. Accounting for individual-specific variation in habitat-selection studies: Efficient estimation of mixed-effects models using Bayesian or frequentist computation. bioRxiv, p.411801.
description: See readme.txt for a description of the files in this repository.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6203678.v3
title: Distribution, climatic relationships, and status of American pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>) in the Great Basin, USA

description: To advance understanding of the distribution, climatic relationships, and status of American pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>) in the Great Basin, United States, we compiled 2,387 records of extant pika sites surveyed since 2005, 89 records of documented extirpated sites (resurvey of historic sites), and 774 records of sites with old sign only. Extant sites extended across five degrees latitude and ten degrees longitude, encompassed six subregions, traversed forty mountain ranges, spanned 2,378 m in elevation (1,631–4,009 m), and comprised three of five currently described pika subspecies. A climate envelope for extant sites using the PRISM climate model expands the range of temperature and precipitation values that have been previously described. Extirpated and old-sign sites were mostly found within the geographic and climatic space of extant sites, but often in warmer and drier portions. Considerable overlap of extirpated, old, and extant groups within the same climate space suggests that nonclimatic factors have also contributed to population losses. The broad distribution and enlarged climate envelope of extant pika sites indicate that despite some localized extirpations, pika populations are persisting across Great Basin mountains, and appear to be able to tolerate a broader set of habitat conditions than previously understood.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6166304.v2
title: The K-transect in west Greenland: Automatic weather station data (1993–2016)

description: We present twenty-three years (1993–2016) of automatic weather station (AWS) data, collected along the K-transect near Kangerlussuaq in west Greenland. The transect runs from east to west, roughly perpendicular to the ice sheet edge at about 67° N. The K-transect originated from the Greenland Ice Margin Experiments (GIMEX), held in the summers of 1990 and 1991. Until recently, surface mass balance and ice velocity measurements were performed at nine locations along the K-transect, of which four are equipped with AWS: two in the ablation zone at approximately 500 m and 1,000 m asl, one at the approximate equilibrium-line altitude (~1,500 m asl), and one in the lower accumulation zone (~1,850 m asl) at distances of 5, 38, 88, and 140 km from the ice edge, respectively. Here, we present an overview of the various AWS types and their data corrections, quality, and availability, including a preliminary trend analysis. Recent increases in temperature and radiation components are associated with the frequent occurrence of anti-cyclonic conditions in west Greenland, resulting in clear skies and relatively warm summers. Strong melt concurs with a decrease in winter accumulation, lowering the surface albedo of the ice sheet. The AWS situated at 1,500 m asl, the former equilibrium-line altitude (ELA), observed almost a doubling of the summertime net shortwave radiation since 2004; as a result, the ELA along the K-transect has been steadily increasing and is currently situated well above 1,700 m asl.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6798797.v2
title: Late Holocene ice-wedge polygon dynamics in northeastern Siberian coastal lowlands

description: Ice-wedge polygons are common features of northeastern Siberian lowland periglacial tundra landscapes. To deduce the formation and alternation of ice-wedge polygons in the Kolyma Delta and in the Indigirka Lowland, we studied shallow cores, up to 1.3 m deep, from polygon center and rim locations. The formation of well-developed low-center polygons with elevated rims and wet centers is shown by the beginning of peat accumulation, increased organic matter contents, and changes in vegetation cover from Poaceae-, <i>Alnus-</i>, and <i>Betula-</i>dominated pollen spectra to dominating Cyperaceae and <i>Botryoccocus</i> presence, and <i>Carex</i> and <i>Drepanocladus revolvens</i> macro-fossils. Tecamoebae data support such a change from wetland to open-water conditions in polygon centers by changes from dominating eurybiontic and sphagnobiontic to hydrobiontic species assemblages. The peat accumulation indicates low-center polygon formation and started between 2380 ± 30 and 1676 ± 32 years before present (BP) in the Kolyma Delta. We recorded an opposite change from open-water to wetland conditions because of rim degradation and consecutive high-center polygon formation in the Indigirka Lowland between 2144 ± 33 and 1632 ± 32 years BP. The late Holocene records of polygon landscape development reveal changes in local hydrology and soil moisture.
DOI: 10.13020/y5cb-bg84
title: Supporting data for synthesis, microstructure, and properties of high molar mass polyglycolide copolymers with isolated methyl defects

description: An efficient, fast and reliable method for the synthesis of high molar mass polyglycolide (PGA) in bulk using bismuth (III) subsalicylate through ring-opening transesterification polymerization is described.The difference between the crystallization (Tc ≈ 180 °C) / degradation (Td ≈ 245 °C) temperatures and the melting temperature (Tm ≈ 222 °C) significantly impacts the ability to melt process PGA homopolymer. To expand these windows, the effect of copolymer microstructure differences through incorporation of methyl groups in pairs using lactide or isolated using methyl glycolide (10% methyl) as comonomers on the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were studied. Structures of copolymers were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopies. Films of copolymers were obtained, and the microstructural and physical properties were analyzed. PGA homopolymers exhibited approximately 30 °C difference between Tm and Tc, which increased to 50 °C by incorporating up to 10% methyl groups in the chain while maintaining overall thermal stability. Oxygen and water vapor permeation values of solvent cast non-oriented films of PGA homopolymers were found to be 4.6 (cc.mil.m-2.d-1.atm-1) and 2.6 (g.mil.m-2.d-1.atm-1), respectively. Different methyl distributions in the copolymer sequence, provided through either lactide or methyl glycolide impacted the resulting barrier properties. At 10% methyl insertion using lactide as a comonomer significantly increased both O2 (32 cc.mil.m-2.d-1.atm-1) and water vapor (12 g.mil.m-2.d-1.atm-1) permeation. However, when methyl glycolide was utilized for methyl insertion at 10% Me content, excellent barrier properties for both O2 (2.9 cc.mil.m-2.d-1.atm-1) and water vapor (1.0 g.mil.m-2.d-1.atm-1) were achieved.
description: The folder includes NMR, SEC, TGA, DSC, WAXD, and tensile testing data associated with the synthesis and characterization of polyglycolide copolymers. File folders are organized by the characterization method. NMR spectroscopy files are provided as fid file and can be accessed through MNova and Bruker software. CDX files can be opened with proprietary ChemDraw 12.0, distributed by CambridgeSoft. All other files (TGA, DSC, SEC, tensile testing, and WAXD data) are provided as CSV files.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6856541.v2
title: Pocket gopher (<i>Thomomys talpoides</i>) soil disturbance peaks at mid-elevation and is associated with air temperature, forb cover, and plant diversity

description: Burrowing mammals can be ecosystem engineers by increasing soil aeration and erosion and altering the structure of plant communities. Studies that characterize the constraints on the distributions of fossorial mammal disturbances to soil can help predict changes in ecosystem engineering under future climates. We quantified the density of soil disturbances caused by <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> (northern pocket gopher) over replicate elevation gradients spanning 2,700–4,000 m a.s.l. in the Upper Gunnison Basin, Colorado, USA. As a conceptual framework for predicting biogeographic variation in soil disturbance, we used the abundant center hypothesis (ACH), which proposes that species abundance declines monotonically away from the most abundant location in its distribution, with the assumption that ecosystem engineering scales with gopher abundance. We also evaluated the relative importance of abiotic and biotic variables as correlates of soil disturbance. Gopher disturbance peaked at mid elevations (~3,150 m), supporting the ACH. The best model for predicting gopher-caused soil disturbance contained both abiotic and biotic variables, with increased soil disturbance where mean annual temperature, forb cover, and plant diversity were greatest. Results suggest that mountain ecosystems may experience increases in gopher-caused soil disturbance as climate warms, possibly accompanied by increases in plant diversity and forb cover.
DOI: 10.13020/d62595
title: Glycyrrhiza Lepidota Leaf Mass Spectrometry Data

description: Four different populations of Glycyrrhiza lepidota with nearly identical chemotypes were analyzed with each Mass Spectrometry (MS) method: Leaf Spray, Leaf Dip Extraction, and Bulk Extraction.
description: The Mass Spectrometry data are saved as mzML files, an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) based common file format. The data can be viewed in MZmine2 (http://mzmine.github.io). MZmine2 is an open-source software for mass-spectrometry data processing, with the main focus on LC-MS data. The original MS data were produced by Xcalibur™ software version 2.1 (Thermo Scientific) and saved in RAW files. The RAW files were later converted to mzML files.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6510104
title: Reconstructing Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater discharge through the Watson River (1949–2017)

description: Ice-sheet melting is the primary water source for the proglacial Watson River in southern west Greenland. Discharge from the large, approximately 12,000 km<sup>2</sup> ice-sheet catchment draining through the Watson River has been monitored since 2006. While this record is of respectable length for a Greenland monitoring effort, it is too short to resolve climate signals. Therefore, we use observed Tasersiaq lake discharge and Kangerlussuaq air temperature to reconstruct annual Watson River discharge back to 1949. The resulting sixty-five-year record shows that average ice-sheet runoff since 2003 has roughly increased by 46 percent relative to the 1949–2002 period. The time series suggests that the five top-ranking discharge years occurred since 2003. The three top-ranking discharge years (2010, 2012, and 2016) are characterized by melt seasons that were both long and intense. Interannual variability more than doubled since 2003, which we speculate to be because of hypsometric runoff amplification enhanced by albedo decrease and decreased firn permeability. The reconstructed time series proves to be a valuable tool for long-term evaluation of Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance models. A comparison with freshwater fluxes calculated by a downscaled version of the regional climate model RACMO2 reveals high correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.89), and also shows that the model possibly underestimates runoff by up to 26 percent in above-average melt years.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6725258.v3
title: Side by side? Vascular plant, invertebrate, and microorganism distribution patterns along an alpine to nival elevation gradient

description: High mountain areas above the alpine zone are, despite the low-temperature conditions, inhabited by evolutionary and functionally differing organism groups. We compared the abundance and species richness of vascular plants, oribatid mites, springtails, spiders, and beetles, as well as bacterial and methanogenic archaeal prokaryotes (only abundance), at 100 m vertical intervals from 2,700–3,400 m in the Central Alps. We hypothesized that the less mobile microarthropods and microorganisms are more determined by and respond in similar ways to soil properties as do vascular plants. In contrast, we expected the more mobile surface-dwelling groups to forage also in places devoid of vegetation and thus to show patterns that deviate from that of vascular plants. Surprisingly, the observed patterns were diametrically opposed to our expectations: soil-living oribatid mites and springtails showed high individual numbers at high elevations, even where vascular plants barely occurred. Springtails also showed a rather constant species richness throughout the entire gradient. In contrast, patterns of surface-dwelling organisms and of archaeal prokaryotes did not differ significantly from vascular plants, because of either comparable climate sensitivity or their dependency on vegetated habitats. This study may serve as a baseline to estimate the risks of biodiversity losses in response to climate change across different biotic ecosystem components and to explore the potential and limitations of vascular plants as proxy for other organism groups that are far more challenging to monitor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6114644.v4
title: Rapid development of anoxic niches in supraglacial ecosystems

description: Microorganisms play a significant role in changing the physical properties of the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Cryoconite holes are a hotspot for this microbial activity, yet little is known about the REDOX conditions that develop within them. In this study, we used oxygen microelectrodes and microoptodes to measure for anoxic conditions at the microscale, for the first time revealing a potential niche for anaerobic microorganisms and anaerobic processes. The development of an anoxic zone 2 mm deep within a 6 mm-thick layer of cryoconite sediment was observed within an hour of disturbance, showing rapid acclimation to changing physical conditions. Long-term (half year) incubations of cryoconite material showed a peak of oxygen production and consumption after forty days and reached a low-activity, steady state by day 116, with a persisting anoxic zone beginning between 2 mm and 4 mm deep. Anaerobic microorganisms, which have received little attention to date, should therefore be considered an important component of the cryoconite ecosystem. We discuss the possible dynamics of oxygen concentrations in the supraglacial system and infer that anoxic zones are an important factor in the development of cryoconite sediment communities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6223763.v2
title: Shifting DOC concentration and quality in the freshwater lakes of the Kangerlussuaq region: An experimental assessment of possible mechanisms

description: Since 2003, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in lakes in the Kangerlussuaq region declined by 14–55 percent, with these decreasing DOC concentrations potentially altering lake ecology and reflecting changes in regional carbon (C) cycling. To evaluate possible mechanisms responsible for this shift, we performed experiments to test the effects of dust addition, bacterial activity, or photodegradation on DOC concentration and two DOC quality metrics: the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA<sub>254</sub>) and the chromophoric DOC spectral slope coefficient (S<sub>275–295</sub>). Lake-water DOC concentrations did not decline in any treatments, but there were changes in DOC quality. Dust addition increased SUVA<sub>254</sub> and decreased the magnitude of S<sub>275–295</sub> in one lake, the impacts of bacterial activity were variable, and sunlight exposure elicited a decline in SUVA<sub>254</sub> and an increase in the magnitude of S<sub>275–295</sub> in all lakes. These results suggest that DOC pools in the study lakes are photoreactive, even though the lakes are characterized by long residence times, but that declining DOC concentration did not result from this mechanism. While the tested mechanisms did not explain the decline in DOC concentration observed in recent years, they did yield new information about how dust, bacterial activity, or light can influence DOC quality in the lakes of the Kangerlussuaq region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6510104.v3
title: Reconstructing Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater discharge through the Watson River (1949–2017)

description: Ice-sheet melting is the primary water source for the proglacial Watson River in southern west Greenland. Discharge from the large, approximately 12,000 km<sup>2</sup> ice-sheet catchment draining through the Watson River has been monitored since 2006. While this record is of respectable length for a Greenland monitoring effort, it is too short to resolve climate signals. Therefore, we use observed Tasersiaq lake discharge and Kangerlussuaq air temperature to reconstruct annual Watson River discharge back to 1949. The resulting sixty-five-year record shows that average ice-sheet runoff since 2003 has roughly increased by 46 percent relative to the 1949–2002 period. The time series suggests that the five top-ranking discharge years occurred since 2003. The three top-ranking discharge years (2010, 2012, and 2016) are characterized by melt seasons that were both long and intense. Interannual variability more than doubled since 2003, which we speculate to be because of hypsometric runoff amplification enhanced by albedo decrease and decreased firn permeability. The reconstructed time series proves to be a valuable tool for long-term evaluation of Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance models. A comparison with freshwater fluxes calculated by a downscaled version of the regional climate model RACMO2 reveals high correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.89), and also shows that the model possibly underestimates runoff by up to 26 percent in above-average melt years.
DOI: 10.13020/xfwb-9k72
title: Data supporting: "Symmetry Breaking in Particle-Forming Diblock/Homopolymer Blends"

description: Input and output files for self-consistent field theory calculations compatible with Polymer Self-Consistent Field (PSCF)
DOI: 10.13020/q3y6-h459
title: Data, R Code, and Output Supporting: Using lorelograms to measure and model correlation in binary data: Applications to ecological studies

description: These files contain data, R code and associated output supporting results presented in “Iannarilli, F. , Arnold, T. W., Erb, J. and Fieberg, J. R. (2019). Using lorelograms to measure and model correlation in binary data: Applications to ecological studies. Methods Ecol Evol.”. In this paper, we introduce in the ecological literature the lorelogram, a statistical tool for quantifying correlation patterns in binary data, with novel applications to species distributional and camera-trap studies. We demonstrate the usefulness of the lorelogram via several motivating examples illustrating its use a) as a data-based method for objectively determining space- or time-to-independence between subsequent detections; and b) for describing correlation and behavioural patterns at different time scales, including short-time scales (e.g., minutes) common to camera trap data. This information can then be used to formulate an appropriate statistical modelling framework that allows researchers to explore effects of additional covariates (at different scales), while properly accounting for correlation.