cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129179
title: Supplementary Material for: Paternalismus und Placebos: Die Herausforderung der ethischen Aufklärung in der Psychotherapie

description: Gesundheitsfachpersonen sind heutzutage sowohl aus rechtlicher als auch ethischer Sicht dazu verpflichtet, für jede medizinische Intervention die informierte Einwilligung ihrer Patienten einzuholen. Dementsprechend hat paternalistisches Vorgehen gegenüber Patienten in den meisten ethischen Richtlinien keinen Platz mehr. Was genau bedeutet aber informierte Einwilligung im Kontext der Psychotherapie? In Bezug auf die ethische Rechtfertigung von Psychotherapie könnte z.B. die Behauptung, dass Psychotherapie nichts anderes als Placebo sei, für die informierte Einwilligung zum Problem werden. Tatsächlich wurde seit der Entstehung der modernen Psychotherapie immer wieder kritisiert, sie sei Augenwischerei und ihre Wirkung gründe auf einem Placeboeffekt. Wir argumentieren, dass im gesamten Feld der Biomedizin nach wie vor konzeptuelle Unschärfen hinsichtlich der Begriffe «Placebo» und «Placeboeffekt» bestehen. Wir sind zudem überzeugt, dass der Begriff «Placebo» im Bereich der Psychotherapie mehr Fragen aufwirft als die Auseinandersetzung damit zu beantworten vermag. Nichtsdestotrotz sind wir sicher, dass die moralisch geführte Kerndebatte über Placebo im klinischen Kontext wichtige Themen berührt, die in den psychotherapeutischen Kontext überführt werden können, nämlich: Informieren Therapeuten ihre Patienten in adäquater Weise über die Wirkmechanismen von Psychotherapie? Legen sie die potenziellen Risiken unerwünschter Nebeneffekte offen? In Anbetracht der kontinuierlichen empirischen Psychotherapieforschung folgern wir, dass Therapeuten ihren Patienten die allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie, die maßgeblich den Veränderungsprozessen während der Behandlung unterliegen, nicht hinreichend transparent machen. Somit scheint uns, dass es in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis oft zu verstecktem und unangebrachtem Paternalismus kommt. Wir sind davon überzeugt, dass sich Paternalismus in der Psychotherapie auch beim Vorliegen guter Absichten nicht rechtfertigen lässt und dass eine adäquate Offenlegung der angenommenen Wirkfaktoren für den therapeutischen Prozess nützlich ist.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129176
title: Supplementary Material for: The Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by the Global Lung Initiative Equations in North-Western Russia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) varies in different countries, while the cut-off for airflow obstruction (AO) is still contested. No COPD prevalence data based on the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) 2012 equations are available in Russia. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aims to assess AO prevalence by the GLI lower limit of normal (GLI-LLN) and the fixed cut-off, to identify AO risk factors and to assess the diagnostic value of respiratory symptoms in north-western Russia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a north-western Russian population-based sample of 2,974 adults aged 35-70 years, data on socio-demographics, smoking, occupational exposures and respiratory symptoms were collected, and spirometry was performed before and after bronchodilator (BD) administration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The AO prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI 5.8-7.9) based on the fixed and 4.8% (95% CI 3.9-5.7) based on the GLI-LLN cut-off. 22.5% of the participants with post-BD AO had a positive bronchodilator test, and 1% showed a paradoxical BD response. Of the environmental factors studied, only smoking was independently associated with AO (odds ratio 2.47, 95% CI 1.60-3.82). The positive predictive value of respiratory symptoms for AO was 11% based on the fixed and 8% based on the GLI-LLN cut-off. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In a sample of adults in north-western Russia, the AO prevalence by the GLI-LLN cut-off was lower than that by the fixed cut-off. The predictive value of respiratory symptoms was low.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129179.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Paternalismus und Placebos: Die Herausforderung der ethischen Aufklärung in der Psychotherapie

description: Gesundheitsfachpersonen sind heutzutage sowohl aus rechtlicher als auch ethischer Sicht dazu verpflichtet, für jede medizinische Intervention die informierte Einwilligung ihrer Patienten einzuholen. Dementsprechend hat paternalistisches Vorgehen gegenüber Patienten in den meisten ethischen Richtlinien keinen Platz mehr. Was genau bedeutet aber informierte Einwilligung im Kontext der Psychotherapie? In Bezug auf die ethische Rechtfertigung von Psychotherapie könnte z.B. die Behauptung, dass Psychotherapie nichts anderes als Placebo sei, für die informierte Einwilligung zum Problem werden. Tatsächlich wurde seit der Entstehung der modernen Psychotherapie immer wieder kritisiert, sie sei Augenwischerei und ihre Wirkung gründe auf einem Placeboeffekt. Wir argumentieren, dass im gesamten Feld der Biomedizin nach wie vor konzeptuelle Unschärfen hinsichtlich der Begriffe «Placebo» und «Placeboeffekt» bestehen. Wir sind zudem überzeugt, dass der Begriff «Placebo» im Bereich der Psychotherapie mehr Fragen aufwirft als die Auseinandersetzung damit zu beantworten vermag. Nichtsdestotrotz sind wir sicher, dass die moralisch geführte Kerndebatte über Placebo im klinischen Kontext wichtige Themen berührt, die in den psychotherapeutischen Kontext überführt werden können, nämlich: Informieren Therapeuten ihre Patienten in adäquater Weise über die Wirkmechanismen von Psychotherapie? Legen sie die potenziellen Risiken unerwünschter Nebeneffekte offen? In Anbetracht der kontinuierlichen empirischen Psychotherapieforschung folgern wir, dass Therapeuten ihren Patienten die allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie, die maßgeblich den Veränderungsprozessen während der Behandlung unterliegen, nicht hinreichend transparent machen. Somit scheint uns, dass es in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis oft zu verstecktem und unangebrachtem Paternalismus kommt. Wir sind davon überzeugt, dass sich Paternalismus in der Psychotherapie auch beim Vorliegen guter Absichten nicht rechtfertigen lässt und dass eine adäquate Offenlegung der angenommenen Wirkfaktoren für den therapeutischen Prozess nützlich ist.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129170
title: Supplementary Material for: The <b><i>Escherichia coli</i></b> yjfP Gene Encodes a Carboxylesterase Involved in Sugar Utilization during Diauxie

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Acetylation and efflux of carbohydrates during cellular metabolism is a well-described phenomenon associated with a detoxification process to prevent metabolic congestion. It is still unclear why cells discard important metabolizable energy sources in the form of acetylated compounds. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We describe the purification and characterization of an approximately 28-kDa intracellular carboxylesterase (YjfP) and the analysis of gene and protein expression by qRT-PCR and Western blot. <b><i>Results:</i></b> qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, showed that y<i>jfP</i> is upregulated during the diauxic lag in cells growing with a mixture of glucose and lactose. The β-galactosidase activity in the Δ<i>yjfP</i> strain was both delayed and half the magnitude of that of the wild-type strain. YjfP-hyperproducing strains displayed a long lag phase when cultured with glucose and then challenged to grow with lactose or galactose as the sole carbon source. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that YjfP controls the intracellular concentration of acetyl sugars by redirecting them to the main metabolic circuits. Instead of detoxification, we propose that sugar acetylation is utilized by the cell for protection and to prevent the metabolism of a necessary minimal intracellular sugar pool. Those sugars can eventually be exported as a side effect of these mechanisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129173
title: Supplementary Material for: Recurrent Moderate Hypoglycemia Suppresses Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex and Impairs Sensorimotor Gating in the Posthypoglycemic Period in Young Rats

description: Recurrent hypoglycemia is common in infants and children. In developing rat models, recurrent moderate hypoglycemia leads to neuronal injury in the medial prefrontal cortex. To understand the effects beyond neuronal injury, 3-week-old male rats were subjected to 5 episodes of moderate hypoglycemia (blood glucose concentration, approx. 30 mg/dl for 90 min) once daily from postnatal day 24 to 28. Neuronal injury was determined using Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry on postnatal day 29. The effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) expression, which is critical for prefrontal cortex development, were determined on postnatal day 29 and at adulthood. The effects on prefrontal cortex-mediated function were determined by assessing the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex on postnatal day 29 and 2 weeks later, and by testing for fear-potentiated startle at adulthood. Recurrent hypoglycemia led to neuronal injury confined primarily to the medial prefrontal cortex. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex was suppressed on postnatal day 29 and was accompanied by lower prepulse inhibition, suggesting impaired sensorimotor gating. Following the cessation of recurrent hypoglycemia, the prepulse inhibition had recovered at 2 weeks. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex had normalized and fear-potentiated startle was intact at adulthood. Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia during development has significant adverse effects on the prefrontal cortex in the posthypoglycemic period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129182.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Routine Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants: Longitudinal Impact on the Microbiome and Metabolome

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Probiotics are live microbial supplements that colonize the gut and potentially exert health benefit to the host. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to determine the impact of a probiotic (Infloran®: <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>-NCIMB701748 and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>-ATCC15696) on the bacterial and metabolic function of the preterm gut while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and following discharge. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Stool samples (n = 88) were collected before, during, and after probiotic intake from 7 patients, along with time-matched controls from 3 patients. Samples were also collected following discharge home from the NICU. Samples underwent bacterial profiling analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as metabolomic profiling using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Bacterial profiling showed greater <i>Bifidobacterium </i>(15.1%) <i>and Lactobacillus</i> (4.2%) during supplementation compared to the control group (4.0% and 0%, respectively). While <i>Lactobacillus</i> became reduced after the probiotic had been stopped, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> remained high following discharge, suggestive of successful colonisation. qPCR analysis showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in <i>B. bifidum</i> in infants who received probiotic treatment compared to controls, but no significant increase was observed for <i>L. acidophilus</i> (p = 0.153). Metabolite profiling showed clustering based on receiving probiotic or matched controls, with distinct metabolites associated with probiotic administration. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Probiotic species successfully colonise the preterm gut, reducing the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, and effecting gut functioning. <i>Bifidobacterium</i> (but not <i>Lactobacillus</i>) colonised the gut in the long term, suggesting the possibility that therapeutically administered probiotics may continue to exert important functional effects on gut microbial communities in early infancy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129164
title: Supplementary Material for: Anemia Management in the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> As the utilization of hemodialysis increases in China, it is critical to examine anemia management. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using data from the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), we describe hemoglobin (Hgb) distribution and anemia-related therapies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty one percent of China's DOPPS patients had Hgb &lt;9 g/dl, compared with ≤10% in Japan and North America. A majority of medical directors targeted Hgb ≥11. Patients who were female, younger, or recently hospitalized had higher odds of Hgb &lt;9; those with insurance coverage or on twice weekly dialysis had lower odds of Hgb &lt;9. Iron use and erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) dose were modestly higher for patients with Hgb &lt;9 compared with Hgb in the range 10-12. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A large proportion of hemodialysis patients in China's DOPPS do not meet the expressed Hgb targets. Less frequent hemodialysis, patient financial contribution, and lack of a substantial increase in ESA dose at lower Hgb concentrations may partially explain this gap. Video Journal Club ‘Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=442741.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129173.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Recurrent Moderate Hypoglycemia Suppresses Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex and Impairs Sensorimotor Gating in the Posthypoglycemic Period in Young Rats

description: Recurrent hypoglycemia is common in infants and children. In developing rat models, recurrent moderate hypoglycemia leads to neuronal injury in the medial prefrontal cortex. To understand the effects beyond neuronal injury, 3-week-old male rats were subjected to 5 episodes of moderate hypoglycemia (blood glucose concentration, approx. 30 mg/dl for 90 min) once daily from postnatal day 24 to 28. Neuronal injury was determined using Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry on postnatal day 29. The effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) expression, which is critical for prefrontal cortex development, were determined on postnatal day 29 and at adulthood. The effects on prefrontal cortex-mediated function were determined by assessing the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex on postnatal day 29 and 2 weeks later, and by testing for fear-potentiated startle at adulthood. Recurrent hypoglycemia led to neuronal injury confined primarily to the medial prefrontal cortex. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex was suppressed on postnatal day 29 and was accompanied by lower prepulse inhibition, suggesting impaired sensorimotor gating. Following the cessation of recurrent hypoglycemia, the prepulse inhibition had recovered at 2 weeks. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex had normalized and fear-potentiated startle was intact at adulthood. Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia during development has significant adverse effects on the prefrontal cortex in the posthypoglycemic period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129161
title: Supplementary Material for: Clinical and Emergent Biomarkers and Their Relationship to the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, but information relevant to prognosis and outcomes remain unknown. Here, we used statistical methods to focus specifically on interactions between candidate prognostic variables. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> Univariate, multivariate, and elastic net modeling of 42 variables were applied to a cohort of 542 ovarian cancer patients with 393 episodes of cancer recurrence/death. In univariate analyses, overexpression of TFF3, MDM2, and p53 were associated with improved recurrence-free survival. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, histology, stage, grade, ascites, and residual disease, overexpression of PR appeared to provide a protective effect [hazard ratio for &gt;50% of cells positive, 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.44-0.94) compared to &lt;1%], and TFF3 showed a nonlinear association. Importantly, we observed no interactions among variables. However, patients with tumors with moderate TFF3 expression were at a marginally increased risk of recurrence, and patients with tumors with high expression were at a similar to slightly lower risk, compared to those with tumors with no TFF3 expression. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Although no interactions among variables were observed, this study provides important precedent for seeking interactions between clinical and tumor variables in future studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129167
title: Supplementary Material for: Alopecia Areata Progression Index, a Scoring System for Evaluating Overall Hair Loss Activity in Alopecia Areata Patients with Pigmented Hair: A Development and Reliability Assessment

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> No scoring systems to evaluate overall hair loss activity in alopecia areata (AA) have been established. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We sought to develop a measurement tool (Alopecia Areata Progression Index, AAPI) for the evaluation of overall hair loss activity in AA patients with pigmented hair. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The scalp surface area was divided into 4 quadrants. In each quadrant, hair loss activity was scored on the basis of the percentage of alopecic area, clinical findings associated with hair loss. The AAPI was measured in 17 patients with different severities of AA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were assessed by 4 investigators. A significant correlation of the total AAPI was found among the 4 investigators. In addition, intraobserver reliability was excellent, and interobserver reliability was statistically reliable. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The AAPI seems to represent a system capable of truly quantifying overall hair loss activity in AA patients with different severity, demonstrating trustworthy interobserver and intraobserver reliability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129158
title: Supplementary Material for: Clopidogrel Use as Single Antiplatelet Therapy in Outpatients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Prevalence, Correlates and Association with Prognosis (from the CORONOR Study)

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Clopidogrel use as single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) has never been evaluated in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) outpatients either as compared to placebo or aspirin. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We therefore studied 2,823 outpatients included in a prospective registry. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their antiplatelet therapy regimen: patients treated with clopidogrel were compared with those treated with aspirin alone. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean time since CAD diagnosis was 7.9 years. Altogether, 776 (27.5%) patients received clopidogrel as SAPT. Factors independently associated with clopidogrel use were prior aortic or peripheral intervention, drug-eluting stent implantation, stroke, carotid endarterectomy and time since CAD diagnosis. Clopidogrel tended to be used in higher-risk patients: composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke at 5.8 versus 4.2% (p = 0.056). However, after propensity score matching, similar event rates were observed between the groups: 5.9% when treated with clopidogrel versus 4.4% with aspirin (p = 0.207). The rate of bleeding was also similar between the groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study shows that a significant proportion of stable CAD patients are treated with clopidogrel as SAPT in modern practice. Several correlates of such an attitude were identified. Our results suggest that this strategy is not beneficial as compared to aspirin alone in terms of ischaemic or bleeding events.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129167.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Alopecia Areata Progression Index, a Scoring System for Evaluating Overall Hair Loss Activity in Alopecia Areata Patients with Pigmented Hair: A Development and Reliability Assessment

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> No scoring systems to evaluate overall hair loss activity in alopecia areata (AA) have been established. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We sought to develop a measurement tool (Alopecia Areata Progression Index, AAPI) for the evaluation of overall hair loss activity in AA patients with pigmented hair. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The scalp surface area was divided into 4 quadrants. In each quadrant, hair loss activity was scored on the basis of the percentage of alopecic area, clinical findings associated with hair loss. The AAPI was measured in 17 patients with different severities of AA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were assessed by 4 investigators. A significant correlation of the total AAPI was found among the 4 investigators. In addition, intraobserver reliability was excellent, and interobserver reliability was statistically reliable. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The AAPI seems to represent a system capable of truly quantifying overall hair loss activity in AA patients with different severity, demonstrating trustworthy interobserver and intraobserver reliability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129152
title: Supplementary Material for: ApoE Polymorphisms and the Risk of Different Subtypes of Stroke in the Chinese Population: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Numerous studies have evaluated the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of different subtypes of stroke. However, the results remain uncertain, and few sources of data specific to the Chinese ethnic population contribute to these outstanding questions. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more comprehensive estimate of the association between ApoE polymorphisms and stroke risk in the Chinese population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Case-control studies in Chinese and English publications were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Nation Knowledge Infrastructure Platform, Wanfang, and VIP databases and by hand-searching relevant journals and the reference lists of the retrieved articles. ORs and 95% CIs were applied to assess the strength of the associations. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore between-study heterogeneity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Evidence of a significant association was found between the ApoE ε4 allele and different subtypes of stroke (for ischemic stroke (IS): OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.90-2.52, p &lt; 0.001; for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH): OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.57-2.75, p &lt; 0.001; and for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.28-3.23, p = 0.003) among the Chinese population. In addition, a significant difference in the risk for different subtypes of stroke between ε4 carriers and ε3ε3 genotype carriers was found (for IS: OR 2.41, 95% CI 2.00-2.89, p &lt; 0.001; for ICH: OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.68-3.47, p &lt; 0.001; and for SAH: OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.21-3.45, p = 0.008). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The ApoE ε4 allele may predict an increased risk for different subtypes of stroke, including IS, ICH and SAH, in the Chinese population, and the results of this genotypic analysis may help to identify populations at an increased risk for stroke. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.