DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15240527
title: d18O of seawater during the Phanerozoic derived from general circulation model simulations and d18O-salinity relationships

description: NetCDF files providing the calculated d18O of seawater for the whole Phanerozoic based on salinity fields from HadCM3 simulations and published d18O-salinity relationships. The reader will find some information below, and is referred to the scientific article for additional details.

Files use the format: d18Oanalysis_hadcm3-time-tfks_[age]_[d18O-salinity-relationship].ncwith- [age], the age of the HadCM3 time slice, expressed in million years ago (Ma), ranging from '0' to '541';- [d18O-salinity-relationship] being either 'RailsbackAnderson1989' or 'Gaskelletal2022' (both datasets are stored in separate .zip archives).

List of variables:- sst: HadCM3 sea-surface temperature [°C]- sss: HadCM3 sea-surface salinity (corrected to give a whole-ocean mean of 34.7 psi) [psu]- d18O_gb_ocean: time-specific global-mean oceanic d18O derived from Grossman and Joachimski (2022) [‰]- d18O_water: d18O of seawater derived from sss (and d18O_gb_ocean) using the d18O-salinity relationship of Railsback et al. (1989) (for [d18O-salinity-relationship] == 'RailsbackAnderson1989') or Gaskell et al. (2022) (for [d18O-salinity-relationship] == 'Gaskelletal2022') [‰]- d18O_phos: d18O of phosphate derived from sst and d18O_water, using the temperature-d18O equation of Pucéat et al., (2010) [‰]- T_interpreted_no_latitudinal_correction: ocean sea-surface temperature derived from d18O_phos assuming a d18O of seawater equal to d18O_gb_ocean [°C]- T_interpreted_Zachos1994: same as T_interpreted_no_latitudinal_correction but correcting local d18O of seawater for latitude after Zachos et al. (1994) [°C]- T_interpreted_GJ2022: same as T_interpreted_no_latitudinal_correction but correcting local d18O of seawater for latitude after Grossman and Joachimski (2022) [°C]- local_d18O_deviation: d18O_water - d18O_gb_ocean- lat2D: 2-dimensional array of latitude - lon2D: 2-dimensional array of longitude

The 'SST interpretation bias' should be calculated as T_interpreted* - sst.

References cited* Gaskell, D.E., Huber, M., O’Brien, C.L., Inglis, G.N., Acosta, R.P., Poulsen, C.J., Hull, P.M., 2022. The latitudinal temperature gradient and its climate dependence as inferred from foraminiferal δ18O over the past 95 million years. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 119, e2111332119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111332119* Grossman, E.L., Joachimski, M.M., 2022. Ocean temperatures through the Phanerozoic reassessed. Scientific Reports 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11493-1* Pucéat, E., Joachimski, M.M., Bouilloux, A., Monna, F., Bonin, A., Motreuil, S., Morinière, P., Hénard, S., Mourin, J., Dera, G., Quesne, D., 2010. Revised phosphate–water fractionation equation reassessing paleotemperatures derived from biogenic apatite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 298, 135–142.* Railsback, L.B., Anderson, T.F., Ackerly, S.C., Cisne, J.L., 1989. Paleoceanographic modeling of temperature‐salinity profiles from stable isotopic data. Paleoceanography 4, 585–591. https://doi.org/10.1029/PA004i005p00585* Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D., Lohmann, K.C., 1994. Evolution of Early Cenozoic marine temperatures. Paleoceanography 9, 353–387. https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA03266.