cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306759.v1
title: Structural Characterization of Kekulé’s Benzene: an Example of Creativity and Heuristics in the Construction of Chemical Knowledge

description: Abstract: This article presents a historical review of the knowledge, facts, controversies and characters that influenced chemist August Kekulé in order to establish the first accepted chemical characterization of benzene, the structural unit of aromatic compounds. Due to the nature of the knowledge involved, the strong creative and heuristic connotation, this particular episode constitutes a reference to promote meta-scientific knowledge related to the construction, validation and evolution of chemical knowledge in the classroom. These are necessary elements to undertake a contextualized teaching of the topic in chemistry classes, which affords meaning and reflection in the learning. This paper also aims to serve as a guide for historical and epistemological analysis of other contents that are relevant in chemical education.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306757.v1
title: The New Public Management Policy in the Context of Continuing Teacher Education: the Case of the National Professional Master's Degree in Physics Teaching

description: Abstract: In this article, we analyze the processes of creation and expansion of the Professional Master's Degrees in Teaching, stricto sensu continuing teacher education programs, in the context of New Public Management. In particular, we did research on the National Master's Degree in Physics Teaching created in 2013 under the coordination of the Brazilian Society of Physics. Thus, we highlight the administrative organization and the standardized pedagogical practices of rofessional Master's Degree and its alignment with the principles of New Public Management, that is, of adopting a business logic for continuing teacher education. Finally, based on the numbers concerning the academic success of the first three groups that completed the Professional Master's Degree, we reflect on the scope of the large-scale training that this program has been able to promote and, on the other hand, on possible paths of administrative transformation that are not in line with the new public management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306755.v1
title: Justification in True/False Questions Given by Future Mathematics Teachers

description: Abstract: We analyze the justifications given by a group of students of Mathematics Degree in questions about numerical sequences, of the True / False type, at the end of the disciplines Sequences and Series (6th semester) and Introduction to the Real Analysis (8th semester). Semi-structured interviews with these disciplines’ professors and related researches in Mathematics Education have guided the elaboration of questions proposed to participants and the semistructured interviews with three of them, in those two moments of the investigation. The interaction of algorithmic, intuitive and formal aspects, the notions of intuitive-numerical and logical-formal aspects and the development of Advanced Mathematical Thinking processes are the theoretical ideas that gave support to carry out analyzes of participants’ protocols and interviews. These analyses reveal misconceptions about elaborating justifications in Mathematics, and most participants, at the end of Introduction to Real Analysis discipline, have continued to present particular examples in order to justify statements they have classified as true.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306754.v1
title: Frailty in the Teaching of Meiosis

description: Abstract: In addition to requiring enormous abstraction, the teaching of Cell Biology involves complex topics such as meiosis. In this particular case, the implications of learning are enormous because various contents in other disciplines, as well as technological applications, depend on this knowledge. We used two assessment instruments (AI) to map the learning of meiosis in four undergraduate programs. The first was designed to measure the level of knowledge that students bring from high school, the second to assess the depth of learning that happens in the meiosis lesson in the four programs. Both AI reveal marked differences across the different programs and point out difficulties associated with the learning of meiosis, which converge to relevant aspects that can assist in the exploration of the contents in lessons, such as the quantification of gene variability, which is not understood by the vast majority of students.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306751.v1
title: Proposal for Praxeological Analysis of Chemistry Notions in Official Documents and Textbooks

description: Abstract: This article brings the application of the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) in the praxeological analysis of the notion of Molecular Geometry (MG). The main objective is to analyze the possibility of praxeological relations that reinforces the need for articulation between ostensive and non-ostensive objects during the teaching of MG. These objects are understood by ATD, which assumes the need for tasks that require techniques, technologies and theories to put the student in mathematical activity. At the institutional level, official documents are analyzed, and two textbooks approved by Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) are also analyzed for the existence of praxeologies. Given these conditions, it is concluded that, in the case of official documents, the notion of MG is not based on praxeologies. However, as for the textbooks analyzed, it was found that it is possible to have praxeologies that allow the student to be active.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306748.v1
title: Analysis of Skills and Attitudes in the Critical Meaningful Learning on Physical Phenomena in Primary School

description: Abstract: This paper presents partial results of an ongoing doctoral research, carried out in primary schools, and its purpose is to analyze students' performance regarding skills and attitudes developed during the study of the concept of heat and its effects to produce state changes in substances. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach, with a descriptive and explanatory objective, adopting the case study as a procedure. Data were collected on the skills and scientific knowledge developed by third-graders, in the different stages of the Methodology of Inquiry used, based on the Theory of Meaningful Critical Learning. The results show evidence that the activities based on this methodology allow greater motivation and interest for the study of science, expansion of the child’s scientific vocabulary, acquisition of new concepts, besides favoring the possibilities of social interaction, the use of questioning and the understanding of some necessary procedures in scientific research.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306745.v1
title: Webquest x Webexercises: an Analysis of Productions of the Institutional Scholarships Program of Teaching Initiation (PIBID) Trainees Using Bloom Digital Taxonomy

description: Abstract: WebQuest is a didactic activity that uses any technological artifact with internet access to solve a task that requires analysis, synthesis, evaluation and judgment, which are higher order cognitive skills. However, recent studies show that most authors fail in exactly this component, because they create easy tasks in exercise sheet format, called WebExercises. The aim of this research was to analyze the tasks of the WebQuests created by two groups of Chemistry's students of the Institutional Program for Initiation to Teaching (PIBID) of a State university of Paraná, using the Bloom Digital Taxonomy as theoretical reference, to identification of the learning cognitive domain levels reached by these tasks. The results indicated that the WQ tasks produced by students did not reach the taxonomic levels of highest thinking ability, hence were classified as WebExercises
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306742.v1
title: The Voices of Teachers-Researchers in the Field of Environmental Education on the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC): Early Childhood Education to Primary School

description: Abstract: The qualitative research that led to the production of this article aimed to categorize the voices of teachers-researchers in the field of environmental education on the BNCC, through a semi-structured interview and discursive textual analysis of which emerged the following categories: interaction, space and approaches of the BNCC, conceptions about the BNCC, and environmental education in the BNCC. The interviewees’ voices are in line with what the literature says about the criticisms on the BNCC regarding minimum curriculum, superficiality and reduction of critical content, education precariousness and privatization, and market-oriented training. In the context of environmental education, the instrumentalization of the issue and the absence of critical approaches were also emphasized, reinforcing the position that environmental education is used as an element reinforcing a formation focused on neoliberal and meritocratic ideals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306741.v1
title: An Analysis of the Constitution of Knowledge Related to the Teaching of Quantum Physics in an Undergraduate Course

description: Abstract: Theachers are professionals in continuous development, constituting throughout their personal and formative trajectory knowledges that are mobilized in their practices. Our objective is to analyze evidences of the constitution of certain knowledges related to the teaching of quantum physics by undergraduate students. The inclusion of quantum physics in basic education has been object of studies that indicate the need to promote investigations about the initial training of physics’ teachers, considering that this formation should provide opportunities for the students express their conceptions, conceptual difficulties and discuss strategies and didactic resources. Based on Tardif’s characterization of teaching knowledge, we conducted a discursive analysis of in-depth interviews with two students, using concepts of the French Discourse Analysis. We propose a categorization of aspects related to the constitution of those knowledges and we noted critical positions about concepts of the quantum physics and its teaching.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306739.v1
title: Effects of Medicinal Plants Extract with Antibiotic Free Diets on Broilers Growth Performance and Incidence of Muscles Abnormalities

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of a natural herb extract1 (HE) on the general growth performance and the incidence of muscle abnormalities (white striping and wooden) of broiler chicks. A total of 504 one-day old chicks (Ross 500) were used in the experiment and randomly partitioned into 3 treatments with 7 replicates in each (24 chicks per replicate). Three experimental diets (C: regular feed; T1 and T2 (supplemented with HE at levels of 0.20 and 0.30 ml/L, respectively). The herbal extract was supplemented in drinking water. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio were monitored at days 14, 28 and 42 of the feeding trial. Moreover, the yield of visceral organs, carcass cuts, and the incidence of muscle abnormalities were evaluated at different ages of slaughter (34, 41and 48 days). Results showed that weights, feed conversion ratios (FCR) and dressing percentages (DP) increased (p&lt;0.05) in birds supplemented with herb extract compared to control birds. However, HE supplementation had no significant effects on carcass cuts and some visceral organs. Meat quality was improved by HE supplementation as the incidence of white stripping (WS) and WS plus wooden meat cases dramatically reduced, in particular at 34 days of age, day of slaughter. It can be concluded that feeding the herbal extract has significant positive effects on broilers general performance, feed efficiency and meat quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306736.v1
title: Genetic Similarities of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Different Substrates of the Broiler Production Chain

description: ABSTRACT Brazil is the largest exporter of chicken meat and poultry farming is one of the most important productive segments, despite major losses due to the bacterium Escherichia coli, which is also a zoonotic microorganism. The objetive of this study was to isolate E. coli and to evaluate its transmissibility potential from the field to chicken meat using the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. Environmental samples (poultry litter, soil and water) were collected from broiler farms located in the South of Brazil where the majority of the Brazilian poultry production occurs. In addition, chicken meat (gizzard, heart, drumette and tulip) samples were collected from local supermarkets. As results, 47.36% of the samples were positives for E. coli. Furthermore, 10 pairs of clones of E. coli were found always in the same substrate (two water-water pairs; three soil-soil pairs and five meat-meat pairs) using PFGE. These findings suggest that certain strains of E. coli may have habitat preferences, making the transfer from one substrate type to another more difficult to occur. Moreover, since no clones were found between environmental samples and chicken meat, it is possible to imply a low risk of E. coli transmissibility throughout the chicken meat production chain.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306735.v1
title: Mitsuokella Jalaludinii Supplementation Improved Nutrient Utilization of Broilers Fed Low-Available Phosphorus Diet

description: ABSTRACT Phytase enzyme is supplemented to poultry feed to improve phosphorus (P) availability. Mitsuokella jalaludinii, bacteria isolated from the rumen of cattle, has been reported as a cheaper alternative source of phytase. As much nutrients are trapped within the phytate complex, we hypothesized that the supplementation of M. jalaludinii phytase to poultry feed would enhance nutrient utilization by poultry. In the current study, the efficacy of freeze-dried M. jalaludinii cells (Mj) as feed supplement for broilers fed low-available phosphorus (low-aP) diet was evaluated. Day-old male Cobb raised in battery cages were assigned to three treatment groups [normal-available phosphorus diet with heat-deactivated Mj (DMj); low-aP diet with DMj; and low-aP diet with Mj], each consisting of four replicates (10 birds per replicate) for a 3-weeks feeding period. Feed intake was recorded daily from day 1-21, whereas broilers were weighted at day 1, 7, 14, and 21. Total excreta were collected at day 11-13 and 18-20. At day 21, twelve broilers from each treatment group were slaughtered to collect plasma and tibia. The results showed that Mj significantly enhanced broilers’ live weight and feed conversion ratio compared to the control groups (p&lt;0.05). Supplementation with Mj have also enhanced the level of P, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the sera; and Ca and Mn in the tibia at day 18-20 sampling period (p&lt;0.05). As Mj supplementation can enhance nutrient utilization particularly in broilers fed with low-aP diet, it could provide the market with another option in improving broilers’ growth rate at a lower cost.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306733.v1
title: Phytobiotic Effect of Anacardium occidentale L. Leaves Powder on Performance, Carcass Traits, and Intestinal Characteristics in Broilers

description: ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the phytobiotic effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves powder (CLP) on growth performance, carcass traits, lymphoid organ weights and cecal lactic-acid bacteria in broilers, a total of 720 unsexed broilers of the Ross 308® genetic line were distributed according to a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments, five repetitions and 48 chickens per repetitions. The experimental treatments consisted of a basal diet (DB; T0) and DB + supplementation with 0.50 (T1) and 0.75% (T2) of CLP. At 32 days, the body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not modified (p&gt;0.05) by the experimental groups; however, T1 increased (p&lt;0.05) the viability compared to T0. Additionally, T2 improved (p&lt;0.05) the carcass and leg yields, although without significant changes (p&gt;0.05) for the other edible portions. Moreover, this natural product (A. occidentale) increased (p&lt;0.05) the ash content and the range of the red tone and decreased (p&lt;0.05) the L* in the breast, although moisture, fat, pH, and b* were not affected by the experimental diets (p&gt;0.05). Similarly, T1 favored (p&lt;0.05) the growth of green bacterial colonies with a white halo, and both treatments with CLP the total cecal acid-lactic bacteria. No significant changes were observed (p&gt;0.05) in the relative weight of the immune organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen). Dietary supplementation with cashew leaves powder enhanced the viability of the batch (0.5%), some edible portions (0.75%), the breast pigmentation, and the cecal beneficial bacteria count in broilers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306732.v1
title: Effect of Exogenous Emulsifier (Lyso-Phospholipid) Supplementation in the Broiler Diet, on the Feed Intake and Growth Performance During Grower Phase

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementation of an exogenous emulsifier (lyso-phospholipid) in the diet of growing broilers on growth performance and digestibility. A total of 1224 Ross-308 ten day old broiler chicks were distributed into two experimental treatments in such a way that each treatment had twelve replicates with fifty-one birds per replicate. Two experimental diets were formulated with and without emulsifier supplementation according to the nutrition standards of Ross 308. Feed intake and body weight gain of the broilers were measured on a daily basis and feed conversion ratio was also calculated. Nutrient digestibility was determined on the 25th day of age. Analysis of variance under completely randomized design technique was used to analyze the data. Feed intake was increased (p&lt;0.05) by supplementation of emulsifier in the broiler diet on theat 12th, 13th, 21th, 22th, 23th, 24th, and 25th days. Bodyweight gain was not affected (p&gt;0.05) with or without emulsifier supplementation in the broiler diet during 11-25 days of life. However, feed conversion ratio was effected (p&lt;0.05) by emulsifier supplementation and increased from days 21-25th. Nutrient digestibility (dry matter, fat, and crude protein) in the grower phase was decreased (p&lt;0.05) by supplementation of emulsifier in the diet. It can be concluded that supplementation of an exogenous emulsifier in the diet did not show positive effect on the growth performance during the grower phase of broilers, while nutrient digestibility showed adverse effect. Emulsifier supplementation should be tested after 25 days of the life of broilers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306730.v1
title: Probiotic Lactobacilli Improved Growth Performance and Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Via Jak/Stat Signaling in Broilers

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum DPP8 and Lactobacillus acidophilus C7282 in feed supplementation on growth performance, Salmonella invasion, inflammation, and mediating signaling in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). A total of 240 broilers at day old were randomly allocated into four groups, orally infected with S. Typhimurium and supplemented with individual or combined Lactobacilli DPP8 and C7282 at doses of 0 (control), 1010 (individual), or 2.0 × 1010 (combination) cfu/kg of diet for 21 d. The results showed that supplementing Lactobacilli improved (p&lt;0.05) feed intake and body weight gain and decreased (p&lt;0.05) S. Typhimurium load in the caecum, harder gland, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Also, the supplements decreased (p&lt;0.05) interleukin (1β/2/4), tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ in the serum, enhanced (p&lt;0.05) interleukin 10, and downregulated gene expressions of inflammatory mediators including Janus kinase (Jak2/3), signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT3/4/5/6) in the intestinal mucosa. In contrast, diets containing DPP8 exhibited greater effects on the inhibition of the pathogen and inflammatory response than C7282. The obtained data suggest that Lactobacilli C7282 and DPP8 can be used as feed additives to inhibit colonization and translocation of S. Typhimurium and inflammatory responses via downregulating Jak/STAT signaling in broilers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306729.v1
title: The Expression of NF-kB Signaling Pathway Was Inhibited by Silencing TGF-b4 in Chicken IECs Infected with E. tenella

description: ABSTRACT Chicken coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by one or more species of Eimeria infection with severe consequences. The NF-κB signaling pathway and TGF-β4 play an important role in the inflammation and immune response caused by coccidiosis infection. This study was designed to investigate the changes of NF-κB signaling pathway and the effects of TGF-β4 silencing on the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in chicken’s intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) after infecting with E. tenella sporozoites. TGF-β4 small interfering RNA (TGF-β4 siRNA) sequences were transfected into chicken IECs for reducing TGF-β4 expression. The results showed that compared with uninfected control group (Con.), the proinflammatory factors of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-2, IL-1β increased significantly in the E. tenella infected group (ET) (p&lt;0.05). In comparison with the IECs in the ET, the expression level of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-2, IL-1β dropped significantly in the group infected both by E. tenella and TGF-β4 siRNA vector (ET+siRNA) (p&lt;0.05). The results of this experiment indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is closely correlated with TGF-β4 in IECs infected with coccidia sporozoites. TGF-β4 plays an important role in regulating the immune function of coccidia-infected chicken epithelial cells through NF-κB signaling pathway and preventing immune-mediated pathological changes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14306727.v1
title: Assessment of Egg Quality in Native and Foreign Laying Hybrids Reared in Different Cage Densities

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the eggs of the native-Turkish Atak-S (A-S) hybrid and the foreign brown layer Isa Brown (IB) and white layer Novogen White (NW) hybrids reared in two different cage densities (468.75 cm2/hen and 312.50 cm2/hen) in terms of the internal and external quality parameters of the eggs. A total of 540 hens including 180 from each genotype were used. To determine the egg quality characteristics, one randomly selected egg was taken out of each cage every 4 weeks in the yield period of 24-68 weeks, and analysis were carried out. A total of 648 eggs were used. In the study, the effect of genotype on all parameters was found to be significant. The shell thickness, Haugh unit and albumen index were lower in the Atak-S hybrid. In the white laying hens, the Haugh unit, albumen index and eggshell destruction strength values were higher, while the meat and blood spots and yolk color values were lower. Cage density did not create a significant effect on any parameter except for the blood and meat spot ratio. Age has a significant effect on the egg weight, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index. Consequently, as the native hybrid had similar destruction strength values to the others despite its lower shell thickness, and it had a Haugh unit showing good quality based on the food codex despite lower values than the others, it was concluded that it could compete with the foreign hybrids in terms of egg quality.