cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327655.v1
title: A Model of Fuzzy Topological Relations for Simple Spatial Objects in GIS

description: The goal of this paper is to present a new model of fuzzy topological relations for simple spatial objects in Geographic Information Sciences (GIS). The concept of computational fuzzy topological space is applied to simple fuzzy objects to efficiently and more accurately solve fuzzy topological relations, extending and improving upon previous research in this area. Firstly, we propose a new definition for simple fuzzy line segments and simple fuzzy regions based on computational fuzzy topology. And then, we also propose a new model to compute fuzzy topological relations between simple spatial objects, an analysis of the new model exposes:(1) the topological relations of two simple crisp objects; (2) the topological relations between one simple crisp object and one simple fuzzy object; (3) the topological relations between two simple fuzzy objects. In the end, we have discussed some examples to demonstrate the validity of the new model, through an experiment and comparisons of existing models, we showed that the proposed method can make finer distinctions, as it is more expressive than the existing fuzzy models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327655
title: A Model of Fuzzy Topological Relations for Simple Spatial Objects in GIS

description: The goal of this paper is to present a new model of fuzzy topological relations for simple spatial objects in Geographic Information Sciences (GIS). The concept of computational fuzzy topological space is applied to simple fuzzy objects to efficiently and more accurately solve fuzzy topological relations, extending and improving upon previous research in this area. Firstly, we propose a new definition for simple fuzzy line segments and simple fuzzy regions based on computational fuzzy topology. And then, we also propose a new model to compute fuzzy topological relations between simple spatial objects, an analysis of the new model exposes:(1) the topological relations of two simple crisp objects; (2) the topological relations between one simple crisp object and one simple fuzzy object; (3) the topological relations between two simple fuzzy objects. In the end, we have discussed some examples to demonstrate the validity of the new model, through an experiment and comparisons of existing models, we showed that the proposed method can make finer distinctions, as it is more expressive than the existing fuzzy models.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327658.v1
title: Methodology to coastal vulnerability mapping to mean sea level rise in local scale

description: This paper presents methodology to coastal vulnerability mapping to Mean Sea Level (MSL) rise in local scale, with case study at waterfront of Madre de Deus Island, Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil. This waterfront is densely occupied by residential quarters and oil industry facilities. For this, coastal vulnerability indexes were used based on combination of four geological variables (geomorphology, slope, elevation and erosion/accretion rate at beach face) obtained in seasonal surveys (summer and winter) of georeferenced and levelling beach profiles relative to MSL, and three variables of coastal physical processes (MSL rate of rise, significant wave height and mean average tidal range). The map represented the variation of relative vulnerability over distinct sectors along the coastline making it possible to identify the most critical combination of variables, i.e., i.e., anthropogenic interventions priority areas for reduction of vulnerabilities, through strategies for prevention, mitigation and/or socioeconomic and environmental adaptation to the impacts of MSL rise. The results showed high potential for application of the methodology in waterfront sectors whose small extension requires detail scale mapping.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327656.v1
title: Evaluation of Kriging interpolators and Topo to Raster for the generation of Digital Elevation Models from a "as built"

description: This work evaluates the use of Kriging and Topo to Raster interpolation methods in the generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the bottom of a Water Treatment Station decantation box raised with total station. For the Topo to Raster interpolation two methodologies were used, one using contour lines and quoted points as input file, known as standard Topo to Raster, and another using only quoted points, known as conditioned Topo to Raster. The Kriging interpolation was done using ordinary Kriging and simple Kriging. The DEM generated by the Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) was used as reference. From the isobathymetrics extracted from the DEMs, values were extracted from the interpolated variable and discrepancies were calculated regarding the reference. Statistical indicators were calculated for each discrepancy sample. The model generated by the conditioned Topo to Raster presented visible distortions in the study area edges and center, and must be discarded. Applying the z test, it's concluded that Kriging and standard Topo to Raster interpolators, applied in small surfaces interpolations, do not differ. For average depths of 3,21m, the following statistical indicators values were found: average discrepancy of 1cm, maximum discrepancy of 10cm, standard sample deviation of 3cm and RMS discrepancies of 3cm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327656
title: Evaluation of Kriging interpolators and Topo to Raster for the generation of Digital Elevation Models from a "as built"

description: This work evaluates the use of Kriging and Topo to Raster interpolation methods in the generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the bottom of a Water Treatment Station decantation box raised with total station. For the Topo to Raster interpolation two methodologies were used, one using contour lines and quoted points as input file, known as standard Topo to Raster, and another using only quoted points, known as conditioned Topo to Raster. The Kriging interpolation was done using ordinary Kriging and simple Kriging. The DEM generated by the Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) was used as reference. From the isobathymetrics extracted from the DEMs, values were extracted from the interpolated variable and discrepancies were calculated regarding the reference. Statistical indicators were calculated for each discrepancy sample. The model generated by the conditioned Topo to Raster presented visible distortions in the study area edges and center, and must be discarded. Applying the z test, it's concluded that Kriging and standard Topo to Raster interpolators, applied in small surfaces interpolations, do not differ. For average depths of 3,21m, the following statistical indicators values were found: average discrepancy of 1cm, maximum discrepancy of 10cm, standard sample deviation of 3cm and RMS discrepancies of 3cm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327658
title: Methodology to coastal vulnerability mapping to mean sea level rise in local scale

description: This paper presents methodology to coastal vulnerability mapping to Mean Sea Level (MSL) rise in local scale, with case study at waterfront of Madre de Deus Island, Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil. This waterfront is densely occupied by residential quarters and oil industry facilities. For this, coastal vulnerability indexes were used based on combination of four geological variables (geomorphology, slope, elevation and erosion/accretion rate at beach face) obtained in seasonal surveys (summer and winter) of georeferenced and levelling beach profiles relative to MSL, and three variables of coastal physical processes (MSL rate of rise, significant wave height and mean average tidal range). The map represented the variation of relative vulnerability over distinct sectors along the coastline making it possible to identify the most critical combination of variables, i.e., i.e., anthropogenic interventions priority areas for reduction of vulnerabilities, through strategies for prevention, mitigation and/or socioeconomic and environmental adaptation to the impacts of MSL rise. The results showed high potential for application of the methodology in waterfront sectors whose small extension requires detail scale mapping.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327661
title: Evaluating the accuracy in volume calculation in a pile of waste using UAV, GNSS and LiDAR

description: Among the various technologies used for calculate the volume of materials in mining, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and the Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR), appear as fast and accurate alternatives compared to traditional surveying techniques such as total station and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Using these new technologies, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy in volume calculation, performed by Digital Terrain Models (DTM), generated from the UAV technologies, LiDAR and GNSS in a pile of waste extraction laminated limestone (reject material), exploited for the manufacture of tiles in nature, marketed under the name of "Cariri Stone" in the city of Santana do Cariri, state of Ceará. The assessment of accuracy was based on hypothesis testing method, from the trend and precision of analysis, and the results classified according to the Cartographic Accuracy of Digital Cartographic Standard Products (PEC-PCD). As a result, the model generated from the UAV presented the best accuracy in the waste cell volume calculation, object of this study, followed by modeling obtained by GNSS surveys and LiDAR.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327662
title: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ALGORITHMS USED IN MODERNIZED METHODS OF BUILDING MEASUREMENTS WITH RTN GNSS TECHNOLOGY

description: The use of RTN GNSS surveying technology (Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) for direct measurements of building structures is extremely difficult, and often impossible. Therefore, the real-time technology is supported by indirect methods of measurements. One such solution is the method of line-line intersection. Having determined the position (the coordinates) of the so-called base points on the extension of the wall faces of a building, and having calculated the coordinates of intersection of the lines of relationships between the base points, the coordinates of corners of a building structure are obtained, which are relatively unreliable. In order to increase the reliability of these coordinates, the author proposes to add an innovative solution called vector translation to the classical method of line-line intersection. This paper proves the thesis on the increased reliability of determining the coordinates of corners of buildings by conducting an appropriate mathematical analysis of these formulas, using the algorithm developed by the author. The performed analysis shows that this innovative solution results in a smaller difference between the adjusted coordinates relative to the theoretical ones, than the difference captured from the "raw" measurement results with respect to the theoretical values.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327664
title: Evaluation of visual variable size applied to perspective tridimensional maps

description: The adoption of a not orthogonal point of view in maps creation implies changes in the symbology design to make possible the cartographic communication. There are no general principles for 3D maps and misconceptions in the construction process of these maps may restrict or even impair the proper communication of cartographic features, and their spatial relationships represented. In addition, graphic design technologies allow quite complex and compelling visual solutions, but the problem of proper symbology is compounded by lack of knowledge of how users react to the perspective representation and perceptual differences from conventional topographic map. Therefore, there is a need to adapt the cartographic representations to the 3D environment. This research proposes the evaluation of the visual variable size in some specific features on a 3D map and assesses its influence on the perception of expert users. To accomplish this, the research presents a test methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques to measure the degree of success of the proposition. The results show different degrees of perception of visual variables in the visual differentiation process of landmarks
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327664.v1
title: Evaluation of visual variable size applied to perspective tridimensional maps

description: The adoption of a not orthogonal point of view in maps creation implies changes in the symbology design to make possible the cartographic communication. There are no general principles for 3D maps and misconceptions in the construction process of these maps may restrict or even impair the proper communication of cartographic features, and their spatial relationships represented. In addition, graphic design technologies allow quite complex and compelling visual solutions, but the problem of proper symbology is compounded by lack of knowledge of how users react to the perspective representation and perceptual differences from conventional topographic map. Therefore, there is a need to adapt the cartographic representations to the 3D environment. This research proposes the evaluation of the visual variable size in some specific features on a 3D map and assesses its influence on the perception of expert users. To accomplish this, the research presents a test methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques to measure the degree of success of the proposition. The results show different degrees of perception of visual variables in the visual differentiation process of landmarks
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327665
title: Performance evaluation of GPS and GLONASS systems, combined and individually, in precise point positioning.

description: The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of the GLONASS (Global'naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya Sistema), GPS (Global Positioning System) and the combined use of both systems at different latitudes, by using the service Precise Point Positioning CSRS-PPP. For this purpose, 16 stations from the IGS (International GNSS Service) network were selected, from which were used the GNSS data in RINEX format of August 2014 and edited by using TEQC (Translation, Editing and Quality Check) to obtain files with intervals of 30 and 45 minutes, which only contain GPS data, GLONASS data and both systems data. The estimated coordinates in CSRS-PPP were compared with the reference coordinates obtained from the site of ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame), enabling the accuracy calculation of the PPP by using GPS and GLONASS data, separated and combined. After the accuracies calculation for each day of august, outliers were detected and discarded by using boxplot method with the R software. It was found that GPS and GLONASS when used jointly, for all the stations, have enabled more accurate results. In addition, one may noticed the GLONASS potentiality, which presented superior performance when compared to GPS in most stations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327667.v1
title: Identification, Tracking and Nowcasting of Electrical Storms Using Numerical Methods

description: This research presents a method of identification, tracking and nowcasting of electrical storms based on lightning clustering and spatial/temporal connections of electrical centers detected. During the process, different meteorological variables are calculated and then projected one hour ahead by data extrapolation technique. The validation of the proposed methodology is made by comparing the observed data with the prediction held. The methodology is validated and applied on a region covering the more important brazilian electric power transmission line, highly vulnerable to weather conditions, especially affected by lightning strokes. Practical examples are presented in order to view the product of the proposed system, where two different situations are analyzed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327667
title: Identification, Tracking and Nowcasting of Electrical Storms Using Numerical Methods

description: This research presents a method of identification, tracking and nowcasting of electrical storms based on lightning clustering and spatial/temporal connections of electrical centers detected. During the process, different meteorological variables are calculated and then projected one hour ahead by data extrapolation technique. The validation of the proposed methodology is made by comparing the observed data with the prediction held. The methodology is validated and applied on a region covering the more important brazilian electric power transmission line, highly vulnerable to weather conditions, especially affected by lightning strokes. Practical examples are presented in order to view the product of the proposed system, where two different situations are analyzed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327668
title: EXAMINATION METHOD OF THE EFFECT OF THE INCIDENCE ANGLE OF LASER BEAM ON DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TO SURFACES WITH DIFFERENT COLOUR AND ROUGHNESS

description: Interest in the influence of the incidence angle of a laser beam to distance measurements can be seen in many areas of science and technology: geodesy, glaciology, archaeology, machine automation, and others. This paper presents results of measurements of the effect of the incidence angle of a laser beam to distance measurements to the surfaces of different colour and roughness by Topcon's electro-optical total station with an accuracy of 3 mm. Measurement method and the method of elimination of test stand errors are presented. The results of measurements have been analysed and the influence of selected factors (surface colour and roughness, lack of instrument rectification) on the distance measurement have been discussed. It is also shown the critical incidence angle above which it can be impossible to measure distances to reflective foil with tested total station
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327670
title: Multiple Linear Regression Models Applied to Urban Terrain Assessment - Municipality of Itaqui - RS Case

description: This work had as objective to identify explanatory variables for modeling and prediction of actual value (ITBI) and venal value of urban plot in the city of Itaqui-RS using the comparative method of Direct market data, developed by multiple linear regression. In a sample of 67 lots, quantitative variables were evaluated: area, front of urban plot, value of m2, market value and the value ITBI and qualitative variables: topography, location and flooring, and for each variable were determined statistical parameters including the data distribution for asymmetry, kurtosis, normality test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, as well as the Pearson linear correlation and path analysis, which shows the relationships of cause and effect of the explanatory variables on the market and ITBI values, respectively. The importance of each explanatory variable on the model of market and ITBI values was determined by the stepwise method. The market value showed a positive, significant correlation (p≤0.05) and increased with flooring, front of urban plot, area and value of m2, in that order. Already ITBI value was positively correlated, significant (p≤0.05) and with increasing value of m2and flooring, in that order. Path analysis indicated that the area and the value of m2 have cause and effect on the market value and, the value of square meters and flooring shows cause and effect on the value of ITBI. The models: Y = 16,90 x área + 594,69 x value of m 2 - 9526,54 x topography (r2=0,91) and, Y = 868,36 x value of m 2 - 23642,19 x topography + 33633,46 x flooring (r2=0.91) and, (r2=0.70), are suitable for the estimation of market and ITBI values, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327670.v1
title: Multiple Linear Regression Models Applied to Urban Terrain Assessment - Municipality of Itaqui - RS Case

description: This work had as objective to identify explanatory variables for modeling and prediction of actual value (ITBI) and venal value of urban plot in the city of Itaqui-RS using the comparative method of Direct market data, developed by multiple linear regression. In a sample of 67 lots, quantitative variables were evaluated: area, front of urban plot, value of m2, market value and the value ITBI and qualitative variables: topography, location and flooring, and for each variable were determined statistical parameters including the data distribution for asymmetry, kurtosis, normality test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, as well as the Pearson linear correlation and path analysis, which shows the relationships of cause and effect of the explanatory variables on the market and ITBI values, respectively. The importance of each explanatory variable on the model of market and ITBI values was determined by the stepwise method. The market value showed a positive, significant correlation (p≤0.05) and increased with flooring, front of urban plot, area and value of m2, in that order. Already ITBI value was positively correlated, significant (p≤0.05) and with increasing value of m2and flooring, in that order. Path analysis indicated that the area and the value of m2 have cause and effect on the market value and, the value of square meters and flooring shows cause and effect on the value of ITBI. The models: Y = 16,90 x área + 594,69 x value of m 2 - 9526,54 x topography (r2=0,91) and, Y = 868,36 x value of m 2 - 23642,19 x topography + 33633,46 x flooring (r2=0.91) and, (r2=0.70), are suitable for the estimation of market and ITBI values, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327671
title: Assessment of positional accuracy in spatial data using techniques of spatial statistics: proposal of a method and an example using the Brazilian standard

description: This paper presents the importance of simple spatial statistics techniques applied in positional quality control of spatial data. To this end, Analysis methods of point data spatial distribution pattern are presented, as well as bias analysis in the positional discrepancies samples. To evaluate the points spatial distribution Nearest Neighbor and Ripley's K function methods were used. As for bias analysis, the average directional vectors of discrepancies and the circular variance were used. A methodology for positional quality control of spatial data is proposed, in which includes sampling planning and its spatial distribution pattern evaluation, analyzing the data normality through the application of bias tests, and positional accuracy classification according to a standard. For the practical experiment, an orthoimage generated from a PRISM scene of the ALOS satellite was evaluated. Results showed that the orthoimage is accurate on a scale of 1:25,000, being classified as Class A according to the Brazilian standard positional accuracy, not showing bias at the coordinates. The main contribution of this work is the incorporation of spatial statistics techniques in cartographic quality control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327673
title: MODEL FOR DETERMINATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL COORDINATES OF HIDDEN POINTS

description: One of the problems encountered during surveys is obstruction of points to be monitored, an example of this can be found in industrial environments where there are usually pipes and equipment that do not allow the establishment of straight lines;. An alternative to the application of topographic survey techniques is the use of plane mirrors to diversion of straight lines where the points of interest are observed indirectly. This study presents a new approach to the problem, whose analytical solution is based on the principles of Geometrical Optics and Surveying. The relative positional accuracy achieved in the preliminary tests is submillimetric order, and the absolute positional accuracy is millimetric order.