cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124676
title: Supplementary Material for: Dimensions of Subcortical Infarcts Associated with First- to Third-Order Branches of the Basal Ganglia Arteries

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> It has been described that lacunar infarct is characterized by its smallish size (15-20 mm) in the axial plane. However, the size of the basal ganglia artery responsible for this type of infarct is uncertain. Detection of small arterial occlusion is not possible with current angiography, hindering correlation of arterial occlusion with subcortical infarct size. Recently, investigators have published microangiographic templates of arteries supplying the basal ganglia. These templates display first-order (proximal) to third-order (distal) branching of these arteries and can help with estimating the likely site of arterial disease in subcortical infarcts. We correlated the dimensions of subcortical infarcts with the order of arterial branching described in a microangiographic template. Such data may provide further clues about the type of arteries associated with subcortical infarcts and assist in refining the concept of lacunar infarction. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Patients with subcortical infarcts on MR imaging (MRI) admitted to our institution between 2009 and 2011 were included in the study. Infarcts were manually segmented and registered to a standard brain template. These segmented infarcts were scaled and overlapped with published microangiographic templates, and used by 6 raters who independently estimated the branching order of arterial disease that might result in these infarcts. We used regression analysis to relate these ratings to infarct dimensions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 777 patients, there were 33 (58% male) patients with subcortical infarcts. The mean age was 63.1 ± 15.1 years. Infarct dimensions for the groups were as follows: group 1 (first-order branch): height 37.6 ± 7.4 mm, horizontal width 21.2 ± 11.6 mm, anterior-posterior length 36.8 ± 20.1 mm; group 2 (second-order branch): height 25.2 ± 7.9 mm, horizontal width 16.6 ± 22.8 mm, anterior-posterior length 16.1 ± 8.0 mm; group 3 (third-order branch): height 11.6 ± 5.7 mm, axial width 5.3 ± 3.1 mm, anterior-posterior length 5.5 ± 3.8 mm. Increasing vessel branching order (from large to small vessels) was linearly and negatively associated with infarct height (β = -16.7 mm per change in branching order disease, 95% CI -20.3, -13.1 mm, p &lt; 0.01) and anterior-posterior length (β = -16.8 mm per change in branching order disease, 95% CI -23.2, -10.5 mm, p &lt; 0.01). <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Based on MRI infarct dimensions and a microangiographic template, it may be possible to estimate the branching order of the artery involved in subcortical infarcts. Further, our small data set suggests that reliance on an axial dimension of 15-20 mm may not be the best approach to classifying lacunar infarct. This finding needs to be confirmed in a larger data set.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124679
title: Supplementary Material for: Intranasal, Liposome-Adjuvanted Cockroach Allergy Vaccines Made of Refined Major Allergen and Whole-Body Extract of <b><i>Periplaneta americana</i></b>

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Cockroach (CR) allergens frequently cause severe asthma in CR-sensitized subjects. Allergen-specific immunotherapy causes a shift of allergic Th2 responses towards Th1 and/or regulatory T cell (Treg) responses which reduce airway inflammation and prevent disease progression. Data are relatively limited on immunotherapy via CR allergy vaccine. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The therapeutic efficacy of an intranasal liposome-adjuvant vaccine made of a refined <i>Periplaneta americana</i> arginine kinase (AK) was compared to the liposome-entrapped <i>P. americana</i> crude extract (CRE) vaccine. Adult BALB/c mice were rendered allergic to CRE. Three allergic mouse groups were immunized intranasally on alternate days with 8 doses of liposome-entrapped CRE (L-CRE), liposome-entrapped AK and placebo, respectively. One week later, all mice received a nebulized CRE provocation. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was performed 1 day after provocation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Liposome-entrapped native AK attenuated airway inflammation after the CRE provocation and caused a shift of allergic Th2 to Th1 and Treg responses. The L-CRE also induced a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response but did not induce a Treg response and could not attenuate the airway inflammation upon allergen reexposure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Intranasal liposome-adjuvant CR allergy vaccine containing native AK (Per a 9) is better than L-CRE in attenuating allergic airway inflammation. The findings of this study not only document a more comprehensive and beneficial immune response induced by the refined allergen vaccine but also raise the point that the shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response alone might not correlate with improved airway histopathology, clinical outcome and quality of life.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124682
title: Supplementary Material for: Device-Related Thrombus Overlying a Left-Atrial Occlusion Device Implanted for Persistent Spontaneous Echo Contrast despite Prolonged Oral Anticoagulation Therapy

description: A 75-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation, severe biatrial enlargement, persistent dense spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium and left-atrial appendage on appropriate oral anticoagulant therapy underwent implantation of the left-atrial occlusion device to decrease her risk of thromboembolic stroke. Six weeks later, a scheduled transesophageal echocardiography showed a partially mobile mass (4.1 × 2.1 cm) overlying the atrial surface of the device: a suspected thrombus. This report highlights the importance of follow-up examination and the limitation of this treatment modality among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, large left atria and dense spontaneous echo contrast.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124688
title: Supplementary Material for: The Effect of Dithiothreitol on the Transcriptome of Induced Sputum Cells

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124679.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Intranasal, Liposome-Adjuvanted Cockroach Allergy Vaccines Made of Refined Major Allergen and Whole-Body Extract of <b><i>Periplaneta americana</i></b>

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Cockroach (CR) allergens frequently cause severe asthma in CR-sensitized subjects. Allergen-specific immunotherapy causes a shift of allergic Th2 responses towards Th1 and/or regulatory T cell (Treg) responses which reduce airway inflammation and prevent disease progression. Data are relatively limited on immunotherapy via CR allergy vaccine. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The therapeutic efficacy of an intranasal liposome-adjuvant vaccine made of a refined <i>Periplaneta americana</i> arginine kinase (AK) was compared to the liposome-entrapped <i>P. americana</i> crude extract (CRE) vaccine. Adult BALB/c mice were rendered allergic to CRE. Three allergic mouse groups were immunized intranasally on alternate days with 8 doses of liposome-entrapped CRE (L-CRE), liposome-entrapped AK and placebo, respectively. One week later, all mice received a nebulized CRE provocation. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was performed 1 day after provocation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Liposome-entrapped native AK attenuated airway inflammation after the CRE provocation and caused a shift of allergic Th2 to Th1 and Treg responses. The L-CRE also induced a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response but did not induce a Treg response and could not attenuate the airway inflammation upon allergen reexposure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Intranasal liposome-adjuvant CR allergy vaccine containing native AK (Per a 9) is better than L-CRE in attenuating allergic airway inflammation. The findings of this study not only document a more comprehensive and beneficial immune response induced by the refined allergen vaccine but also raise the point that the shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response alone might not correlate with improved airway histopathology, clinical outcome and quality of life.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124670
title: Supplementary Material for: Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Potential of TREM-1 in <b><i>Streptococcus pyogenes-</i></b>Induced Sepsis

description: TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) is a surface molecule expressed on neutrophils and macrophages which has been implicated in the amplification of inflammatory responses triggered during infection. In the present study, we have investigated the clinical significance of TREM-1 in <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>-induced severe sepsis in both experimentally infected mice as well as in patients with streptococcal toxic shock. We found that <i>S. pyogenes</i> induced a dose-dependent upregulation of TREM-1 in in vitro cultured phagocytic cells and in the organs of <i>S. pyogenes-</i>infected mice. Furthermore, we reported a positive correlation between serum levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) and disease severity in infected patients as well as in experimentally infected mice. Hence, sTREM-1 may represent a useful surrogate marker for streptococcal sepsis. We found that modulation of TREM-1 by administration of the TREM-1 decoy receptor rTREM-1/Fc substantially attenuated the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, treatment of <i>S. pyogenes</i>-infected septic mice with rTREM-1/Fc or the synthetically produced conserved extracellular domain LP17 significantly improved disease outcome. In summary, our data suggest that TREM-1 may not only represent a valuable marker for <i>S. pyogenes</i> infection severity but it may also be an attractive target for the treatment of streptococcal sepsis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124682.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Device-Related Thrombus Overlying a Left-Atrial Occlusion Device Implanted for Persistent Spontaneous Echo Contrast despite Prolonged Oral Anticoagulation Therapy

description: A 75-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation, severe biatrial enlargement, persistent dense spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium and left-atrial appendage on appropriate oral anticoagulant therapy underwent implantation of the left-atrial occlusion device to decrease her risk of thromboembolic stroke. Six weeks later, a scheduled transesophageal echocardiography showed a partially mobile mass (4.1 × 2.1 cm) overlying the atrial surface of the device: a suspected thrombus. This report highlights the importance of follow-up examination and the limitation of this treatment modality among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, large left atria and dense spontaneous echo contrast.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124664
title: Supplementary Material for: Smoothed Urinary Iodine Percentiles for the US Population and Pregnant Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2010

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Iodine intake is essential for normal growth, development and metabolism throughout life, especially for women during gestation and lactation. The present study applies a novel statistical approach, providing smoothed urinary iodine (UI) percentile curves for the total US population as well as the categories of sex, race/ethnicity, women of childbearing age and pregnant women who were participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2010. To our knowledge, this is the first application of this technique to NHANES nutritional biomarker data. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used UI and urinary creatinine that were measured in participants aged 6 and older in the NHANES survey periods 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008 and 2009-2010. A nonparametric double-kernel method was applied to smooth percentile curves for UI and creatinine-corrected results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The UI population estimates showed a U-shaped distribution by age for the total US population. Overall, females had lower UI concentrations and median values compared to males (median UI for females, 141.8 µg/l; median UI for males, 176.1 µg/l; p &lt; 0.0001). Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest median UI concentrations compared to other racial/ethnic groups (p &lt; 0.0001). Among women of childbearing age (15-44 years), UI concentrations mostly declined with increasing age. Pregnant women aged 35 years and older tended to have higher UI concentrations than younger pregnant women at similar percentiles. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The smoothed reference distribution of UI concentrations provides an improved and visual display of the entire distribution of values for the US population and specific demographic categories.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124667
title: Supplementary Material for: A Bibliometric Analysis of European versus USA Research in the Field of Addiction. Research on Alcohol, Narcotics, Prescription Drug Abuse, Tobacco and Steroids 2001-2011

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> To compare the publication and citation rate within the areas of drug abuse and dependence research in Europe with that in the USA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a bibliometric study using the <i>Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge</i> as data source, 40 key words were used as search terms, but certain scientific publications not concerning the issue were excluded. Scientific publications from Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the USA were studied. The number of publications in each country and in each year in addition to the citation indices for these publications was retrieved. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Approximately two thirds of the publications came from the USA. Both in absolute and relative figures, Europe lagged behind. The trend over the last decade was a greater gap between the amount of research performed in Europe versus the USA. There were thematic differences. Smaller European countries had a greater relative publication rate. The citations were relatively evenly distributed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It has been claimed that 85% of the world's research within the field of drug abuse and dependence is carried out in the USA. This study challenges this figure, but European research within this field is lagging behind.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124670.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Potential of TREM-1 in <b><i>Streptococcus pyogenes-</i></b>Induced Sepsis

description: TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) is a surface molecule expressed on neutrophils and macrophages which has been implicated in the amplification of inflammatory responses triggered during infection. In the present study, we have investigated the clinical significance of TREM-1 in <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>-induced severe sepsis in both experimentally infected mice as well as in patients with streptococcal toxic shock. We found that <i>S. pyogenes</i> induced a dose-dependent upregulation of TREM-1 in in vitro cultured phagocytic cells and in the organs of <i>S. pyogenes-</i>infected mice. Furthermore, we reported a positive correlation between serum levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) and disease severity in infected patients as well as in experimentally infected mice. Hence, sTREM-1 may represent a useful surrogate marker for streptococcal sepsis. We found that modulation of TREM-1 by administration of the TREM-1 decoy receptor rTREM-1/Fc substantially attenuated the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, treatment of <i>S. pyogenes</i>-infected septic mice with rTREM-1/Fc or the synthetically produced conserved extracellular domain LP17 significantly improved disease outcome. In summary, our data suggest that TREM-1 may not only represent a valuable marker for <i>S. pyogenes</i> infection severity but it may also be an attractive target for the treatment of streptococcal sepsis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124688.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Effect of Dithiothreitol on the Transcriptome of Induced Sputum Cells

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124658
title: Supplementary Material for: A Novel Kernel for Correcting Size Bias in the Logistic Kernel Machine Test with an Application to Rheumatoid Arthritis

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The logistic kernel machine test (LKMT) is a testing procedure tailored towards high-dimensional genetic data. Its use in pathway analyses of case-control genome-wide association studies results from its computational efficiency and flexibility in incorporating additional information via the kernel. The kernel can be any positive definite function; unfortunately, its form strongly influences the test's power and bias. Most authors have recommended the use of a simple linear kernel. We demonstrate via a simulation that the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of no association just by chance increases with the number of SNPs or genes in the pathway when applying a simple linear kernel. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We propose a novel kernel that includes an appropriate standardization in order to protect against any inflation of false positive results. Moreover, our novel kernel contains information on gene membership of SNPs in the pathway. <b><i>Results:</i></b> When applying the novel kernel to data from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium, we find that even this basic genomic structure can improve the ability of the LKMT to identify meaningful associations. We also demonstrate that the standardization effectively eliminates problems of size bias. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We recommend the use of our standardized kernel and urge caution when using non-adjusted kernels in the LKMT to conduct pathway analyses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124661
title: Supplementary Material for: The Tat Pathway Is Prevalent in <b><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i></b> Lineage II and Is Not Required for Infection and Spread in Host Cells

description: <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, a foodborne pathogenic bacterium, remains a serious public health concern due to its frequent occurrence in food products coupled with a high mortality rate. Bacterial pathogenicity depends greatly on the ability to secrete virulence factors to or beyond the bacterial cell surface. The Tat pathway, one of the secretion systems present in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, was until now only investigated <i>in silico</i>. In <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strain EGDe two genes constitute this pathway, <i>tatC</i><i>(lmo0361)</i> and <i>tatA</i><i>(lmo0362)</i>. Here we show that <i>tatC</i> and <i>tatA</i> are cotranscribed in a bicistronic- and growth-phase-dependent manner, being downregulated in the stationary phase. An EGDe <i>tatAC</i> mutant strain (EGDe Δ<i>tatAC</i>) was constructed, confirming that the Tat pathway is not essential for <i>L.</i><i>monocytogenes</i> survival or biofilm-forming ability. When compared to the wild-type EGDe, deletion of <i>tatAC</i> did not decrease the virulence potential of EGDe Δ<i>tatAC</i> in HT-29 human epithelial cell line and even increased (p &lt; 0.05) the virulence potential for mice. Moreover, we show that <i>tat</i> genes are prevalent in <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains belonging to genetic lineage II and are generally absent from lineage I, which is more associated with human cases, thus excluding the possibility of using the Tat system as a target for novel antimicrobial compounds targeting <i>L.</i><i>monocytogenes</i>.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124655
title: Supplementary Material for: A 1.3-Mb 7q11.23 Atypical Deletion Identified in a Cohort of Patients with Williams-Beuren Syndrome

description: Williams-Beuren syndrome is a rare multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 1.55-1.84-Mb hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23. The classical phenotype consists of characteristic facial features, supravalvular aortic stenosis, intellectual disability, overfriendliness, and visuospatial impairment. So far, 26-28 genes have been shown to contribute to the multisystem phenotype associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Among them, haploinsufficiency of the<i> ELN</i> gene has been shown to cause the cardiovascular anomalies. Identification of patients with atypical deletions has provided valuable information for genotype-phenotype correlation, in which other genes such as <i>LIMK1,</i><i>CLIP2, GTF2IRD1</i>, or <i>GTF2I</i> have been correlated with specific cognitive profiles or craniofacial features. Here, we report the clinical and molecular characteristics of a patient with an atypical deletion that does not include the <i>GTF2I </i>gene and only partially includes the <i>GTF2IRD1</i> gene.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124652
title: Supplementary Material for: The c.7409G&gt;A (p.Cys2470Tyr) Variant of <b><i>FBN1</i></b>: Phenotypic Variability across Three Generations

description: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin gene <i>FBN1</i>, which encodes an extracellular matrix glycoprotein. Major features of Marfan syndrome occur in the ocular, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems as well as in the dura mater. Approximately 60% of known disease-causing mutations are missense mutations of single amino acid residues. Effects on the cardiovascular system are classically associated with mutations in exons 24-32 of the 65 <i>FBN1</i> exons and many, though not all, reports associate missense mutations in exons 59-65 with a mild cardiovascular phenotype. Here we present 5 related individuals among whom a c.7409G&gt;A (p.Cys2470Tyr) missense variant in exon 59 of <i>FBN1</i> is associated with significant cardiovascular features. The index case also had an apparently de novo 46,XX,del(5)(q33.1q33.3) deletion on chromosome 5. This family demonstrates skeletal, dermatological and neurological features consistent with Marfan syndrome but lacks significant ophthalmological findings to date. These findings suggest that <i>FBN1</i> C-terminal missense mutations may not confer the ophthalmological features of Marfan syndrome, but they also confer a more significant risk for cardiovascular pathology than that suggested by previous studies. Furthermore, clinical data from this family supports the previously reported association of dural ectasia with C-terminal mutations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124667.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A Bibliometric Analysis of European versus USA Research in the Field of Addiction. Research on Alcohol, Narcotics, Prescription Drug Abuse, Tobacco and Steroids 2001-2011

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> To compare the publication and citation rate within the areas of drug abuse and dependence research in Europe with that in the USA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a bibliometric study using the <i>Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge</i> as data source, 40 key words were used as search terms, but certain scientific publications not concerning the issue were excluded. Scientific publications from Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the USA were studied. The number of publications in each country and in each year in addition to the citation indices for these publications was retrieved. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Approximately two thirds of the publications came from the USA. Both in absolute and relative figures, Europe lagged behind. The trend over the last decade was a greater gap between the amount of research performed in Europe versus the USA. There were thematic differences. Smaller European countries had a greater relative publication rate. The citations were relatively evenly distributed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It has been claimed that 85% of the world's research within the field of drug abuse and dependence is carried out in the USA. This study challenges this figure, but European research within this field is lagging behind.