cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k6351
title: Data from: How Ebola impacts social dynamics in gorillas: a multistate modelling approach.

description: Emerging infectious diseases can induce rapid changes in population
 dynamics and threaten population persistence. In socially structured
 populations, the transfers of individuals between social units, e.g. from
 breeding groups to non-breeding groups, shape population dynamics. We
 suggest that diseases may affect these crucial transfers. We aimed to
 determine how disturbance by an emerging disease affects demographic rates
 of gorillas, especially transfer rates within populations and immigration
 rates into populations. We compared social dynamics and key demographic
 parameters in a gorilla population affected by Ebola using a long-term
 observation data set including pre-, during and post-outbreak periods. We
 also studied a population of undetermined epidemiological status in order
 to assess whether this population was affected by the disease. We
 developed a multi-state model that can handle transition between social
 units while optimizing the number of states. During the Ebola outbreak,
 social dynamics displayed increased transfers from a breeding to a
 non-breeding status for both males and females. Six years after the
 outbreak, demographic and most of social dynamics parameters had returned
 to their initial rates, suggesting a certain resilience in the response to
 disruption. The formation of breeding groups increased just after Ebola,
 indicating that environmental conditions were still attractive. However,
 population recovery was likely delayed because compensatory immigration
 was probably impeded by the potential impact of Ebola in the surrounding
 areas. The population of undetermined epidemiological status behaved
 similarly to the other population before Ebola. Our results highlight the
 need to integrate social dynamics in host-population demographic models to
 better understand the role of social structure in the sensitivity and the
 response to disease disturbances.
description: CMR data for gorilla
 social dynamicsthe file contains the
 capture history for adult individuals in Lokoué (sheet 1, population
 affected by Ebola), and Romani (sheet 2, undetermined epidemiological
 status). Legends for status in capture history are in sheet
 3CMR data for gorilla
 immigration -pradel modelthis file contains data
 for estimating immigration of adults individuals in Lokoué (sheet 1,
 population affected by ebola), and in Romani (sheet 2, undetermined
 epidemiological status). 0: not seen, 1: seen. data are analyzed with
 Pradel's model.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r6nq870
title: Data from: Incubation temperature and parental identity determine sex in the Australian agamid lizard Ctenophorus pictus

description: Sex determination in Australian agamid lizards show a complex framework of
 different mechanisms, varying even among closely related taxa. It is clear
 that discrete classification of these species as either having genetic
 (GSD) or environmental sex determination (ESD) does not agree with
 empirical data. Although many species in this group show
 temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), recent evidence suggests
 additional genetic or epigenetic effects. A proposed model explaining the
 adaptive significance and evolution of TSD in short-lived agamids predicts
 that selection will favor temperature-biased sex ratios in species with
 intense male-male competition. Here we use experimental incubation at
 (near) constant temperatures to test whether the sex of Australian painted
 dragons (Ctenophorus pictus) is influenced by temperature, building on
 previous research yet to have reached an agreement regarding the role of
 temperature in this species. In the present study, incubation temperature
 and parental identity affected hatchling sex suggesting that environment
 and genetics may work in concert to determine sex in this species.
 Although our results are consistent with TSD, our data cannot rule out a
 temperature-by-sex effect on egg or hatchling mortality. However, our
 findings together with the observed differences of sex determination
 systems in closely related species within this genus may provide novel
 opportunities to address fundamental questions in the evolution of sex
 determination systems.
description: TSD_C_pictusSex data of Ctenophorus pictus hatchlings incubated at three different temperatures (28, 30 and 32°C).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v460h
title: Data from: Allometric constraints and the evolution of allometry

description: Morphological traits often covary within and among species according to
 simple power laws referred to as allometry. Such allometric relationships
 may result from common growth regulation, and this has given rise to the
 hypothesis that allometric exponents may have low evolvability and
 constrain trait evolution. We formalize hypotheses for how allometry may
 constrain morphological trait evolution across taxa, and test these using
 more than 300 empirical estimates of static (within-species) allometric
 relations of animal morphological traits. Although we find evidence for
 evolutionary changes in allometric parameters on million-year,
 cross-species time scales, there is limited evidence for microevolutionary
 changes in allometric slopes. Accordingly, we find that static allometries
 often predict evolutionary allometries on the subspecies level, but less
 so across species. Although there is a large body of work on allometry in
 a broad sense that includes all kinds of morphological trait–size
 relationships, we found relatively little information about the evolution
 of allometry in the narrow sense of a power relationship. Despite the many
 claims of microevolutionary changes of static allometries in the
 literature, hardly any of these apply to narrow-sense allometry, and we
 argue that the hypothesis of strongly constrained static allometric slopes
 remains viable.
description: species
 dataGroups of static
 allometries from species belonging to the same genus.population
 data_nongenitalsContains groups of
 static allometries from populations belonging to the same species:
 non-genital traits only.population data_genital
 traitsContains groups of
 static allometries from populations belonging to the same species: genital
 traits only.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gs661
title: Data from: Post-hatch heat warms adult beaks: irreversible physiological plasticity in Japanese quail

description: Across taxa, the early rearing environment contributes to adult
 morphological and physiological variation. For example, in birds,
 environmental temperature plays a key role in shaping bill size and clinal
 trends across latitudinal/thermal gradients. Such patterns support the
 role of the bill as a thermal window and in thermal balance. It remains
 unknown whether bill size and thermal function are reversibly plastic. We
 raised Japanese quail in warm (30°C) or cold (15°C) environments and then
 at a common intermediate temperature. We predicted that birds raised in
 cold temperatures would develop smaller bills than warm-reared
 individuals, and that regulation of blood flow to the bill in response to
 changing temperatures would parallel the bill's role in thermal
 balance. Cold-reared birds developed shorter bills, although bill size
 exhibited ‘catch-up’ growth once adults were placed at a common
 temperature. Despite having lived in a common thermal environment as
 adults, individuals that were initially reared in the warmth had higher
 bill surface temperatures than cold-reared individuals, particularly under
 cold conditions. This suggests that blood vessel density and/or the
 control over blood flow in the bill retained a memory of early thermal
 ontogeny. We conclude that post-hatch temperature reversibly affects adult
 bill morphology but irreversibly influences the thermal physiological role
 of bills and may play an underappreciated role in avian energetics.
description: Morphological
 measurements of Japanese quail raised at different
 temperaturesData collected in lab.
 Details in ReadMe file.Morphology
 data.csvRepeatability data for
 morphological measurements of Japanese quailCollected in lab.
 Details in ReadMe file.Repeatability
 data.csvThermal imaging data for
 Japanese quail raised at different temperaturesData collected in lab.
 Details are in ReadMe file.Thermal imaging
 data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7p02c
title: Data from: Phylogenetic patterns of trait and trait plasticity evolution: Insights from amphibian embryos

description: Environmental variation favors the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. For
 many species, we understand the costs and benefits of different
 phenotypes, but we lack a broad understanding of how plastic traits evolve
 across large clades. Using identical experiments conducted across North
 America, we examined prey responses to predator cues. We quantified five
 life history traits and the magnitude of their plasticity for 23 amphibian
 species/populations (spanning three families and five genera) when exposed
 to no cues, crushed-egg cues, and predatory crayfish cues. Embryonic
 responses varied considerably among species and phylogenetic signal was
 common among the traits whereas phylogenetic signal was rare for trait
 plasticities. Among trait-evolution models, the Ornstein Uhlenbeck (OU)
 model provided the best fit or was essentially tied with Brownian motion.
 Using the best fitting model, evolutionary rates for plasticities were
 higher than traits for three life history traits and lower for two. These
 data suggest that the evolution of life history traits in amphibian
 embryos is more constrained by a species’ position in the phylogeny than
 life history plasticity. The fact that an OU model of trait evolution was
 often a good fit to patterns of trait variation may indicate adaptive
 optima for traits and their plasticities.
description: Embryonic plasticity-raw
 dataRaw data (per replicate)
 for 23 experiments conducted on anuran embryos from across the United
 States.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hj30r
title: Data from: Rapid adaptive phenotypic change following colonization of a newly restored habitat

description: Real-time observation of adaptive evolution in the wild is rare and
 limited to cases of marked, often anthropogenic, environmental change.
 Here we present the case of a small population of reed warblers
 (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) over a period of 19 years (1996–2014) after
 colonizing a restored wetland habitat in Malta. Our data show a population
 decrease in body mass, following a trajectory consistent with a population
 ascending an adaptive peak, a so-called Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We
 corroborate these findings with genetic and ecological data, revealing
 that individual survival is correlated with body mass, and more than half
 of the variation in mean population fitness is explained by variation in
 body mass. Despite a small effective population size, an adaptive response
 has taken place within a decade. A founder event from a large, genetically
 variable source population to the southern range margin of the reed
 warbler distribution likely facilitated this process.
description: Body mass and
 microsatellite genotype data of Maltese reed warblersSheet 1: Mean and
 variance of the natural logarithm of body mass (g) from field
 measurements. Sample size and year. Sheet 2: Genotypes of individuals from
 2014 in GenePop format, from microsatellite markers.ReedWarblerData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2df1
title: Data from: The response of bird feeding guilds to forest fragmentation reveals conservation strategies for a critically endangered African eco-region

description: South African coastal forests form part of two critically endangered
 eco-regions and harbor an extinction debt. Remaining fragments are small,
 isolated, and embedded within a range of human land-use types. In this
 study, we ask: how should we invest conservation resources if we want to
 restore this landscape and prevent predicted extinctions? To answer this
 question, we use path analyses to determine the direct and indirect
 effects of forest area, forest connectivity, and matrix land-use types on
 species richness within five bird feeding guilds. We found that forest
 connectivity had a significant direct effect on insectivores—fragments
 that were more connected had more species of insectivores than those that
 were isolated. Moreover, forest area had a significant indirect effect on
 insectivores that was mediated through tree species richness. Larger
 fragments had more species of trees, which led to more species of
 insectivores. Fragment area, connectivity, matrix land-use type, and tree
 species richness had no significant effects on the species richness of
 frugivores, nectarivores, granivores, or generalist feeders. To conserve
 insectivores in coastal forests, conservation efforts should focus on
 maximizing fragment connectivity across the landscape, but also protect
 the tree community within fragments from degradation. This can be achieved
 by including matrix habitats that adjoin forest fragments within forest
 conservation and restoration plans. Natural matrix habitats can increase
 connectivity, provide supplementary resources, buffer fragments from
 degradation, and could play an important role in safeguarding diversity
 and preventing extinctions in this threatened human-modified landscape.
description: Forest_bird_abundanceAll bird species recorded within coastal forest fragmentsPresence_absence_matrix_speciesBird species recorded in the matrix that adjoin forest fragments (presence absence)Tree_abundanceTree species recorded within forest fragmentssem_inputInput variables for structural equation models
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3k88t
title: Data from: Can frequent precipitation moderate drought impact on peatmoss carbon uptake in northern peatlands?

description: Northern peatlands represent a large global carbon store that potentially
 can be destabilised by summer water table drawdown. Precipitation can
 moderate negative impacts of water table drawdown by rewetting peatmoss
 (Sphagnum spp.), the ecosystems’ key species. Yet, the frequency for such
 rewetting to be effective remains unknown. We experimentally assessed the
 importance of precipitation frequency for Sphagnum water supply and carbon
 uptake during a stepwise decrease in water tables in a growth chamber. CO2
 exchange and the water balance were measured for intact cores of three
 peatmoss species (Sphagnum majus, S. balticum and S. fuscum)
 representative of three hydrologically distinct peatland microhabitats
 (hollow, lawn, hummock) and expected to differ in their water
 table-precipitation relationships. Precipitation contributed significantly
 to peatmoss water supply at deep water tables, demonstrating the
 importance of precipitation during drought. The ability to exploit
 transient resources was species-specific; S. fuscum carbon uptake
 increased linearly with precipitation frequency at deep water tables,
 whereas carbon uptake by S. balticum and S. majus was depressed at
 intermediate precipitation frequencies. Our results highlight an important
 role for precipitation on carbon uptake by peatmosses. Yet, the potential
 to moderate drought impact is species-specific and dependents on the
 temporal distribution of precipitation.
description: All relevant datasets
 are included in the zip fileThe zip file contains 5
 files: 1) Precipitation dependence data 2) Carbon fluxes 3) Volumetric
 water content vs carbon fluxes 4) Volumetric water content vs photosystem
 II efficiency and 5) Recovery: carbon fluxes at wet and rewetted
 treatment. See for detailed file description in the ReadMe
 fileNijp
 Data_Precipitation frequency effects on Sphagnum C
 uptake.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.11527
title: Data from: Biodiversity as a multidimensional construct: a review, framework and case study of herbivory's impact on plant biodiversity

description: Biodiversity is inherently multidimensional, encompassing taxonomic,
 functional, phylogenetic, genetic, landscape and many other elements of
 variability of life on the Earth. However, this fundamental principle of
 multidimensionality is rarely applied in research aimed at understanding
 biodiversity's value to ecosystem functions and the services they
 provide. This oversight means that our current understanding of the
 ecological and environmental consequences of biodiversity loss is limited
 primarily to what unidimensional studies have revealed. To address this
 issue, we review the literature, develop a conceptual framework for
 multidimensional biodiversity research based on this review and provide a
 case study to explore the framework. Our case study specifically examines
 how herbivory by whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) alters the
 multidimensional influence of biodiversity on understory plant cover at
 Black Rock Forest, New York. Using three biodiversity dimensions
 (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity) to explore our
 framework, we found that herbivory alters biodiversity's
 multidimensional influence on plant cover; an effect not observable
 through a unidimensional approach. Although our review, framework and case
 study illustrate the advantages of multidimensional over unidimensional
 approaches, they also illustrate the statistical and empirical challenges
 such work entails. Meeting these challenges, however, where data and
 resources permit, will be important if we are to better understand and
 manage the consequences we face as biodiversity continues to decline in
 the foreseeable future.
description: Naeem_etal_RSPB-2015-3005.R2Plant relative abundance and total cover data associated with the manuscript "Biodiversity as a multidimensional construct: A review, framework, and case study of herbivory’s impact on plant biodiversity".
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8b7k4
title: Data from: The Achilles' heel hypothesis: misinformed keystone individuals impair collective learning and reduce group success

description: Many animal societies rely on highly influential keystone individuals for
 proper functioning. When information quality is important for group
 success, such keystone individuals have the potential to diminish group
 performance if they possess inaccurate information. Here we test whether
 information quality (accurate or inaccurate) influences collective
 outcomes when keystone individuals are the first to acquire it. We trained
 keystone or generic individuals to attack or avoid novel stimuli and
 implanted these seed individuals within groups of naïve colony-mates. We
 subsequently tracked how quickly groups learned about their environment in
 situations that matched (accurate information) or mismatched (inaccurate
 information) the training of the seed individual. We found that colonies
 with just one accurately informed individual were quicker to learn to
 attack a novel prey stimulus than colonies with no informed individuals.
 However, this effect was no more pronounced when the informed individual
 was a keystone individual. In contrast, keystones with inaccurate
 information had larger effects than generic individuals with identical
 information: groups containing keystones with inaccurate information took
 longer to learn to attack/avoid prey/predator stimuli and gained less
 weight than groups harboring generic individuals with identical
 information. Our results convey that misinformed keystone individuals can
 become points of vulnerability for their societies.
description: <strong>Collective Learning
 Data_Dryad</strong> Data on individual training,
 collective learning of colony, and colony mass gained
 <strong>Collective_Learning_DIFFERENCE_MATRIX_HIGHLIGHTS.xlsx</strong> Same data but with issue columns highlighted. 2-3 columns in learning trials, both individual level and collective learning, are offset in their values by a standard integer.  If expunged, qualitatively identical trends are retained in the learning outcomes of each treatment group.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bp62d
title: Phylogenetic signals in host-parasite associations for Neotropical bats and Nearctic desert rodents

description: Hosts and their parasites have strong ecological and evolutionary
 relationships, with hosts representing habitats and resources for
 parasites. In the present study, we use approaches developed to evaluate
 the statistical dependence of species trait values on phylogenetic
 relationships to determine whether host–parasite relationships (i.e.
 parasite infections) are contingent on host phylogeny. If host–parasite
 relationships are contingent on the ability of hosts to provide habitat or
 resources to parasites, and if host phylogeny is an effective surrogate
 for among-host variation in habitat and resource quality, host–parasite
 relationships should evince phylogenetic signals (i.e. be contingent on
 host phylogeny). Because the strength of ecological relationships between
 parasites and their hosts may affect the likelihood of phylogenetic
 signals occurring in host–parasite relationships, we hypothesized that (1)
 host specificity would be positively correlated with the strength of
 phylogenetic signals and (2) the strength of phylogenetic signals will be
 greater for parasites that rely more on their host throughout their life
 cycle. Analyses were conducted for ectoparasites from tropical bats and
 for ectoparasites, helminths, and coccidians from desert rodents.
 Phylogenetic signals were evaluated for parasite presence and for parasite
 prevalence. The frequency of phylogenetic signal occurrence was similar
 for parasite presence and prevalence, with a signal detected in 24–27% of
 cases at the species level and in 67% and 15% of cases at the genus level
 for parasites of bats and rodents, respectively. No differences in signal
 strength or the likelihood of detecting a signal existed between groups of
 parasites. Phylogenetic signal strength was correlated with host
 specificity, suggesting that mechanisms increasing host specificity also
 increase the likelihood of a phylogenetic signal in host use by parasites.
 Differences in the transmission mode did not affect signal strength or the
 likelihood of detecting a signal, indicating that variation in host
 switching opportunities associated with the transmission mode does not
 affect signal strength.
description: Host-parasite phylo
 signals data This data is the
 prevalence data for ectoparasite species and genera (only genera
 represented by multiple species) recorded from bats of Paraguay and for
 ectoparasite, helminth, and coccidian species and genera (only genera
 represented by multiple species) recorded from rodents from the Sevilleta
 LTER site in the Southwestern United States. This is the parasite data on
 which analyses of phylogenetic signals were based for the associated
 paper. This and other associated data are available from the Sevilleta
 LTER website as well as from the dissertation of SJ Presley (which can be
 downloaded for free from the electronic archives of the library of Texas
 Tech University).