cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tb2rbp0m
title: Data from: Partners coordinate territorial defense against simulated intruders in a duetting ovenbird

description: Duets in breeding pairs may reflect a situation of conflict, whereby an
 individual answers its partner’s song as a form of unilateral acoustic
 mate guarding or, alternatively, it may reflect cooperation, when
 individuals share in territory defense or safeguard the partnership. The
 degree of coordination between the sexes when responding to solo versus
 paired intruders may elucidate the function of songs in duets. We examined
 this issue in a study with rufous horneros (Furnarius rufus), a duetting,
 socially monogamous Neotropical species with low levels of extra-pair
 paternity. We exposed social pairs during the non-breeding season to
 playbacks of duets, male solos, female solos, and control heterospecific
 songs. Partners approached all conspecific stimuli together and responded
 by singing quickly, at higher rates and by coordinating ~80% of their
 songs into duets. For both sexes, most response variables (seven of nine)
 did not vary across conspecific treatments. These results suggest that
 partners duet and coordinate behaviors to cooperatively defend common
 territories. However, females spent more time in territorial vigilance and
 partners were highly coordinated (correlated responses) in response to
 duets and female solos in comparison with male solos. This indicates that
 female intrusions (paired or solo) might be more threatening than male
 intrusions in the non-breeding season, especially for territorial females,
 and that females are less cooperative with their partners in territory
 defense against male intruders.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxpq0
title: Optimal searching behaviour generated intrinsically by the central pattern generator for locomotion

description: Efficient searching for resources such as food by animals is key to their
 survival. It has been proposed that diverse animals from insects to sharks
 and humans adopt searching patterns that resemble a simple Lévy random
 walk, which is theoretically optimal for ‘blind foragers’ to locate
 sparse, patchy resources. To test if such patterns are generated
 intrinsically, or arise via environmental interactions, we tracked
 free-moving Drosophila larvae with (and without) blocked synaptic activity
 in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) and sensory neurons. In
 brain-blocked larvae we found that extended substrate exploration emerges
 as multi-scale movement paths similar to truncated Lévy walks. Strikingly,
 power-law exponents of brain/SOG/sensory-blocked larvae averaged 1.96,
 close to a theoretical optimum (µ = 2.0) for locating sparse
 resources. Thus, efficient spatial exploration can emerge from autonomous
 patterns in neural activity. Our results provide the strongest evidence so
 far for the intrinsic generation of Lévy-like movement patterns.
description: The exploratory behaviour was monitored using a Frustrated Total
 Internal Reflection (FTIR)-based Imaging Method for high throughput
 locomotion analysis. The 240 X 240 mm arena was coated with a 2 mm thick
 layer of 0.8% agar and placed within a temperature controlled LMS220
 chamber in the dark at 22<sup>o</sup>C or at 33 ± 1
 <sup>o</sup>C. In each trial we tracked 10 young third instar
 larvae (mean lenght, 2.37 mm ± 0.57 S.D.; <i>n</i> = 90) for 1
 h at 2fps with a Basler acA2040-180km CMOS camera using Pylon and
 StreamPix software, mounted with a 16mm KOWA IJM3sHC.SW VIS-NIR Lens and
 825nm high performance longpass filter (Schneider, IF-093). The
 <i>x</i>,<i>y</i> coordinates of individual larvae
 exploring the agar were obtained using the FIM track free software (Risse,
 B., Thomas, S., Otto, N., Löpmeier, T., Valkov, D., Jiang, X., Klämbt, C.
 FIM, a novel FTIR-based imaging method for high throughput locomotion
 analysis. <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>8</b>, e53963
 (2013)). A simple linear smoothing was applied to remove the jaggedness of
 the track caused by the integer (pixel) based recording. To achieve this
 two 1D filters were used, one for movement in x and one for movement in y,
 with parameters for both as follows: position state minimum variance =
 0.5; velocity state minimum vari- ance = 0.5; measurement covariance =
 1.0. These parameters smoothed the track while introducing a minimum
 change to the track locations  
  
description: Details on genotypes and nomenclature are available in
 manuscript.  Treatments and their corresponding track
 file names are shown in Supplementary file 3, which is included in
 dataset. CSV files show x, y coordinates in mm at 2Hz
 (disregard time column) after the application of the Kalman
 processing.  Files called "15Hz ..." were
 collected at 15Hz.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr2c
title: Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: combining classical and molecular genetic techniques

description: The ecological requirements of brown bears are poorly known in the
 Himalaya region, which complicates conservation
 efforts.  We documented the diet of the Himalayan brown
 bear ( Ursus arctos   isabellinus ) by combining classical scat
 analysis and a newly developed molecular genetic technique (the 
 trn L approach), in Deosai National Park, Pakistan. Brown bears consumed
 over 50 plant species, invertebrates, ungulates, and several
 rodents.  Eight plant families; Poaceae,
 Polygonaceae, Cyperaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae,
 Lamiaceae, and Rubiaceae were commonly eaten with graminoids comprising
 the bulk of the diet.  Golden marmots comprised the
 major mammalian biomass in the park, and were also the main meat source
 for bears.  Animal matter, making 36% of dietary
 content, contributed half of the digestible energy, due to its higher
 nutritious value.  We did not find a significant
 temporal pattern in diet, perhaps because the availability of the major
 diet (graminoids) did not change over the foraging
 period.  Male brown bears were more carnivorous than
 females, probably because of their larger size, which requires higher
 energy and also makes them more efficient in capturing
 marmots.  Frequencies of three plant species were also
 significantly higher in male brown bears;  Bistorta affinis
 ,  Carex diluta , and  Carex
  sp.  Diet of the brown bear differed
 significantly between the park and surrounding
 valleys.  In valleys, diet consisted predominantly of
 graminoids and crops, whereas the park provided more nutritious and
 diverse food.   The estimated digestible energy
 available to brown bears in Deosai was the lowest documented among brown
 bear populations, due to the lack of fruits and a relatively lower meat
 content.  The low nutritious diet and high cost of
 metabolism in a high altitude environment, probably explains the very low
 reproductive potential of this population
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd280
title: Precise timing is ubiquitous, consistent and coordinated across a comprehensive, spike-resolved flight motor program

description: Sequences of action potentials, or spikes, carry information in the number
 of spikes and their timing. Spike timing codes are critical in many
 sensory systems, but there is now growing evidence that millisecond-scale
 changes in timing also carry information in motor brain regions,
 descending decision-making circuits, and individual motor units. Across
 all the many signals that control a behavior how ubiquitous, consistent,
 and coordinated are spike timing codes? Assessing these open questions
 ideally involves recording across the whole motor program with spike-level
 resolution. To do this, we took advantage of the relatively few motor
 units controlling the wings of a hawk moth, Manduca sexta. We
 simultaneously recorded nearly every action potential from all major wing
 muscles and the resulting forces in tethered flight. We found that timing
 encodes more information about turning behavior than spike count in every
 motor unit, even though there is sufficient variation in count alone.
 Flight muscles vary broadly in function as well as in the number and
 timing of spikes. Nonetheless, each muscle with multiple spikes
 consistently blends spike timing and count information in a 3:1 ratio.
 Coding strategies are consistent. Finally, we assess the coordination of
 muscles using pairwise redundancy measured through interaction
 information. Surprisingly, not only are all muscle pairs coordinated, but
 all coordination is accomplished almost exclusively through spike timing,
 not spike count. Spike timing codes are ubiquitous, consistent, and
 essential for coordination.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pk0p2nghn
title: Accuracy of genomic selection for growth and wood quality traits in two control-pollinated progeny trials using exome capture as genotyping platform in Norway spruce

description: A genomic selection (GS) study of growth and wood quality traits
 is reported based on control-pollinated Norway spruce families established
 in two Northern Swedish trials at two locations using exome capture as
 a genotyping platform. Non-additive effects including
 dominance and first-order epistatic interactions (including
 additive-by-additive, dominance-by-dominance, and additive-by-dominance)
 and marker-by-environment interaction (MxE) effects were dissected in
 genomic and phenotypic selection models. GS models partitioned additive
 and non-additive genetic variances more
 precisely than pedigree-based models. In addition,
 predictive ability (PA) in GS was substantially increased by including
 dominance and slightly increased by including M´E effects when these
 effects are significant. For velocity, response to GS (RGS) per year
 increased 78.9/80.8%, 86.9/82.9%,
 and 91.3/88.2% compared with response to phenotypic selection
 (RPS) per year when GS was based on 1) main marker
 effects (M), 2) M + M´E effects (A), and 3) A + dominance effects (AD)
 for sites 1 and 2, respectively. This indicates that including
 MxE and dominance effects not only improves genetic
 parameter estimates but also when they are
 significant may improve the genetic gain. For tree height,
 Pilodyn, and modulus of elasticity (MOE), RGS per year
 improved up to 68.9%, 91.3%, and 92.6% compared with RPS per year,
 respectively.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2rbnzs7hs
title: The Church, intensive kinship, and global psychological variation

description: Recent research not only confirms the existence of substantial
 psychological variation around the globe but also highlights the
 peculiarity of many Western populations. We propose that part of this 15
 variation can be traced back to the action and diffusion of the Western
 Church, the branch of Christianity that evolved into the Roman Catholic
 Church. Specifically, we propose that the Church’s transformation of
 European kinship, by promoting small, nuclear households, weak family ties
 and residential mobility, fostered greater individualism, less conformity
 and more impersonal prosociality. By combining data on 24 psychological
 outcomes with historical measures of both Church exposure and
 kinship, we find support for these ideas in a comprehensive array of
 analyses across countries, among European regions and between individuals
 from different cultural backgrounds. This data set allows the replication
 of the analyses reported in the main text and the supplementary material
 of the manuscript (doi:10.1126/science.aau5141).
DOI: 10.6078/d12x1k
title: The contribution of multiple barriers to reproduction between edaphically divergent lineages in the Amazonian tree Protium subserratum (Burseraceae).

description: Disentangling the strength and importance of barriers to reproduction that
 arise between diverging lineages is central to our understanding of
 species origin and maintenance. Evidence suggests that divergent
 adaptation can drive the development of ecologically and genetically based
 barriers to reproduction. To date, the vast majority of studies
 investigating the importance of different barriers to reproduction in
 plants have focused on short-lived temperate taxa while studies of
 reproductive isolation in trees and tropical taxa are rare. Here we
 provide the first study to systematically examine multiple barriers to
 reproduction in an Amazonian tree, Protium
 subserratum (Burseraceae) with diverging lineages of soil
 specialist ecotypes. Using an observational approach and a hand
 pollination experiments, we aimed to quantify the contributions of
 individual prezygotic and postzygotic barriers including ecogeographic
 isolation, flowering phenology, pollinator assemblage, pollen adhesion,
 pollen germination, pollen tube growth, seed development and hybrid
 fitness to total reproductive isolation between the ecotypes. We were able
 to identify six active barriers to reproduction including ecogeographic
 isolation, phenological differences, differences in pollinator
 assemblages, differential pollen adhesion, and low levels of hybrid seed
 development. We demonstrate that ecologically based prezygotic
 barriers are particularly strong and that a combination of intrinsic and
 extrinsic prezygotic and postzygotic barriers are acting to maintain near
 complete reproductive isolation between edaphically divergent populations
 of the tropical tree, P. subserratum.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mw9d
title: The impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate condition – a randomised crossover simulation research study of the interaction between two algorithms

description: This is the original data file of the publication entiteled: The impact of
 cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate
 condition – A randomised crossover simulation research study of the
 interaction between two algorithms
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkkwr
title: Data from: Contrasting conifer species productivity in relation to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of British Columbia perhumid rainforests

description: Temperate rainforest soils of the Pacific Northwest are often carbon (C)
 rich and encompass a wide range in fertility reflecting varying nitrogen
 (N) and phosphorus (P) availability.  Soil resource stoichiometry
 (C:N:P) may provide an effective measure of site nutrient status and help
 refine species-dependent patterns in forest productivity across edaphic
 gradients.  We determined mineral soil and forest floor nutrient
 concentrations across very wet (perhumid) rainforest sites of southwestern
 Vancouver Island (Canada), and employed soil element ratios as covariates
 in a long-term planting density trial to test their utility in defining
 basal area growth response of four conifer species.  There were
 strong positive correlations in mineral soil C, N and organic P (Po)
 concentrations, and close alignment in C:N and C:Po both among and between
 substrates.  Stand basal area after five decades was best
 reflected by mineral soil and forest floor C:N but in either case included
 a significant species-soil interaction.  The conifers with
 ectomycorrhizal fungi had diverging growth responses displaying either
 competitive (Picea sitchensis) or stress-tolerant (Tsuga heterophylla,
 Pseudotsuga menziesii) attributes, in contrast to a more generalist
 response by an arbuscular mycorrhizal tree (Thuja plicata). 
 Despite the consistent patterns in organic matter quality we found no
 evidence for increased foliar P concentrations with declining element
 ratios (C:Po or C:Ptotal) as we did for N.  The often high C:Po
 ratios (as much as 3000) of these soils may reflect a stronger
 immobilization sink for P than N, which, along with ongoing sorption of
 PO4-, could limit the utility of C:Po or N:Po to adequately reflect P
 supply.  The dynamics and availability of soil P to trees,
 particularly as Po, deserves greater attention as many perhumid
 rainforests were co-limited by N and P, or, in some stands, possibly P
 alone.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.brv15dv5j
title: At what spatial scale(s) do mammals respond to urbanization?

description: Spatial scale is fundamental in understanding species-landscape
 relationships because species’ responses to landscape characteristics
 typically vary across scales. Nonetheless, such scales are often
 unidentified or unreliably predicted by theory. Many landscapes worldwide
 are urbanizing, yet the spatial scaling of species’ responses to
 urbanization is poorly understood. We investigated the spatial scaling of
 urbanization effects on a community of 15 mammal species using ~ 60,000
 wildlife detections collected from a constellation of 207 camera traps
 across an extensive urban park system. We embedded a bivariate Gaussian
 kernel in hierarchical multi-species models to determine two scales of
 effect (a scale of maximal effect and a broader scale of cumulative
 landscape effect) for two biological responses (occupancy and site visit
 frequency) across two seasons (winter and summer) for each species. We
 then assessed whether scales of effect varied according to theoretical
 predictions associated with biological responses and species traits (body
 size and mobility). Scales of effect ranged from &lt; 50 m to &gt;
 9,000 m and varied among species, but not as predicted by theory. Species’
 occupancy generally showed a weak response to urbanization and the scale
 of this effect was both highly uncertain and consistent across species. We
 did not detect any relationship between scales of effect and species’ body
 size or mobility, nor was there any evident pattern of scaling across
 biological response or seasons. These results imply that 1) urbanization
 effects on mammals manifest across a very broad spectrum of spatial
 scales, and 2) current theories that a priori predict the scale at which
 urbanization affects mammals may be of limited use within a given system.
 Overall, this study suggests that developing general theory regarding the
 scaling of species-landscape relationships requires additional empirical
 work conducted across multiple species, systems, and timescales.
description: Please refer to the article associated with this dataset.
description: The .tif file is a raster representing urbanization around the
 Cleveland, Ohio, USA area. The summer_counts files is
 an R file that contains the number of detections of 14 mammal species at
 camera trap sites during the summer season. The locations of the sites are
 censored to avoid theft/damage because the research is ongoing. The 14
 species are, in order: domestic cat, eastern chipmunk, coyote,
 white-tailed deer, fox squirrel, eastern gray squirrel, mustelid sp.,
 Virginia opossum, eastern cottontail, raccoon, red fox, red squirrel,
 striped skunk, and woodchucks (see article for scientific
 names). The winter_counts is the same data but for the
 winter season.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gtht76hgw
title: The origin and genetic variability of vegetatively propagated clones identified from old planted trees and plantations of Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan

description: Clonal plantations of Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae have been
 established in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, since at least the 1800s.
 Historical planting of the species has led to the development of
 vegetatively propagated local cultivars, which originated from ‘donor’
 trees that have often been conserved in sacred groves or avenues at
 shrines and temples. These donor trees must have been selected from
 natural populations. In this study we estimated the origin and genetic
 variability of clones identified among old planted trees and clonal
 plantations of T. dolabrata var. hondae, using 19 microsatellite markers.
 We discovered 12 clones among old planted trees, including five identical
 to members of a set of 14 we previously identified in plantations (giving
 21 clones in total). Based on analyses combining assignment and exclusion
 tests, we inferred origins of eight of those 21 clones: six may have
 originated from a natural population distributed in Ishikawa, one from
 Hokkaido & Aomori, and the other from Iwate & Yamagata,
 suggesting the clones constituting cultivars have multiple origins. The
 clones identified in plantations have significantly lower genetic
 variability, and higher relatedness, indicating that clones of cultivars
 have a much narrower genetic base than those of natural populations. We
 suggest new clones selected from natural populations elsewhere, as well as
 Ishikawa, are needed for future breeding of T. dolabrata var. hondae to
 develop clonal forestry for this species.
description: Genotypes of 410 individuals of <em>Thujopsis
 dolabrata</em> var. <em>hondae</em> at 19 microsatellite
 loci described in the cited study. Tissue was collected from 17 natural
 populations in Japan.
 ikeda_et_al_Thujopsis_dolabrata_var_hondae_17_nanural_populations_19_loci_SSRs_GENOTYPE_TABLES_Tree_Genetics_Genomes.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8gtt
title: Data from: A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America

description: Phylogenetic evidence suggests that platyrrhine (or New World) monkeys and
 caviomorph rodents of the Western Hemisphere derive from source groups
 from the Eocene of Afro-Arabia, a landmass that was ~1500 to 2000
 kilometers east of South America during the late Paleogene. Here, we
 report evidence for a third mammalian lineage of African origin in the
 Paleogene of South America—a newly discovered genus and species of
 parapithecid anthropoid primate from Santa Rosa in Amazonian Perú.
 Bayesian clock–based phylogenetic analysis nests this genus
 (Ucayalipithecus) deep within the otherwise Afro-Arabian clade
 Parapithecoidea, and indicates that transatlantic rafting of the lineage
 leading to Ucayalipithecus likely took place between ~35 and ~32 million
 years ago, a dispersal window that includes the major worldwide drop in
 sea level that occurred near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.