DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z612jm6kz
title: Data from: Influence of agricultural intensification on pollinator pesticide exposure, food acquisition and diversity

description: Pollinators are essential for maintaining sustainable crop production,
 while the decline of pollinators is a widespread concern. Agricultural
 intensification is one of the primary drivers of the decline of insect
 pollinators. Agricultural intensification usually involves a decreasing of
 non-crop semi-natural habitat and an increasing of pesticide exposure for
 pollinators. However, causal links between agricultural intensification,
 increased pesticide exposure, and reduced pollinator’s food sources and
 pollinator diversity remain underexplored. We assessed pollinator
 diversity across a landscape gradient where the proportion of rice ranged
 from 11% to 85% in South China. We placed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and
 mason bee (Osmia excavata) in these landscapes and investigated pesticide
 exposure in honeybee  foragers and pollen, and in mason bee
 pollen and nesting materials. We also assessed  the acquisition
 of food by mason bees. We found a higher frequency of pesticide detection
 in honeybee foragers and honeybee pollen samples in areas with a higher
 proportion of rice fields. There was a strong positive relationship
 between mason bee food acquisition and the proportion of semi-natural
 habitats, while no significant effects of pesticide exposure on pollinator
 diversity were found in addition to the effect of semi-natural habitat.
 Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that pollinator
 communities could be at an increased risk of pesticide exposure due to
 intensified agriculture, while the negative impact on pollinator diversity
 mainly results from the loss of habitat and/or reduced food sources. This
 study highlights the importance of conserving semi-natural habitat to
 mitigate the causes of decline in pollinator diversity. We also recommend
 long-term, multi-year studies to further understand the mechanisms behind
 the loss of pollinators in farming landscapes.
description: ## Summary This is the data from: Xiaoyu Shi, Changsheng Ma, Joop de
 Kraker, Shanxing Gong, Jenny A. Hodgson, Shudong Luo, Jozef J. M. van der
 Steen, Haijun Xiao, Fang Wang, Xiaowei Tie, Zheng Chen & Yi Zou (2024)
 Influence of agricultural intensification on pollinator pesticide
 exposure, food acquisition and diversity. Accepted for publication in
 Journal of Applied Ecology ## Creator Yi Zou, Department of Health
 Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool
 University, Suzhou, China. email:
 [yi.zou.1@hotmail.com](mailto:yi.zou.1@hotmail.com) ## Description The
 dataset contains three documents: 1. `Pesticide data.csv` is the data for
 pesticide residual; each of the column refers to the following: Site: Site
 ID Date: Date of the sample collection Sample.type: Type of the sample
 Acetochlor...Thiamethoxam: Detected pesticide residual (ppm) 2. `Species
 data.csv` is the number of individuals for each species sampled by pan
 traps; each of the column refers to the following: Site: Site ID Year:
 Year of the sample collection Andrena hikosana...Plutella xylostella:
 Species name (values are number of individuals) 3. `Site level data.csv`
 contains landscape information, biodiversity, pesticide exposure and food
 acquisition for each site; each of the column refers to the following (NA:
 not available): Site: Site ID Rice200: Percentage of Rice at 200m radius
 (center based on the location of bee hive) Rice600: Percentage of Rice at
 600m radius (center based on the location of bee hive) Rice1000:
 Percentage of Rice at 1000m radius (center based on the location of bee
 hive) SNH200: Percentage of semi-natural habitat at 200m radius (center
 based on the location of bee hive) SNH600: Percentage of semi-natural
 habitat at 600m radius (center based on the location of bee hive) SNH1000:
 Percentage of semi-natural habitat at 1000m radius (center based on the
 location of bee hive) SNH1000_2: Percentage of semi-natural habitat at
 1000m radius (center based on the location of pan trap) Rare: Rarefied
 species richness Hff: Honey bee forager pesticide detection frequency Hfq:
 Honey bee forager PHQ Hpf: Honey bee pollen pesticide detection frequency
 Hpq: Honeybee pollen PHQ Mnf: Mason bee nesting material detection
 frequency Mnq: Mason bee nesting material PHQ Mpf: Mason bee pollen ball
 pesticide detection frequency Mpq: Mason bee pollen ball PHQ Osmiaper:
 Average number of pollen balls in each tube of each site Osmiato: Number
 of pollen balls in each site Osmiatu: Number of tubes occupied by mason
 bee of each site