DOI: 10.3886/icpsr37147
title: International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, 2016
title: Archival Version

description: The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, 2016 (ICCS) is an international assessment of the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens. It investigated student knowledge and understanding of civics and citizenship as well as students' perceptions, attitudes, and activities related to civics and citizenship. It also examined differences among countries in these outcomes and the relationship of these outcomes to students' individual characteristics and family backgrounds, to teaching practices, and to school and broader community contexts.
Like its predecessor IEA Civic Education Study, 1999 (CIVED), ICCS 2016 included a student test of civic knowledge and understanding, as well as questionnaires for students, teachers, and school principals. The comprehensive core assessment was complemented by regional modules for Europe and Latin America, designed to flexibly recognize regional interests and investigate related aspects of civic and citizenship education. The survey data were supplemented by information about the national contexts for civic and citizenship education gathered by the national research centers of the participating countries.
Data were collected in 2015-2016 under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) headquartered in Amsterdam. ICCS collected data from more than 94,000 eighth grade (or equivalent) students in about 3,800 schools from 24 countries. These student data were augmented with data from more than 37,000 teachers in those schools and further contextual data collected from school principals and national research centers.
description: ICCS addressed research questions concerned with the following:

Students' knowledge and understanding of civics and citizenship and the factors associated with variations in this civic knowledge.
Students' current and expected future involvement in civic-related activities, their perceptions of their capacity to engage in these activities, and their perceptions of the value of civic engagement.
Students' beliefs about contemporary civil and civic issues in society, including those concerned with civic institutions, rules, and social principles (democracy, citizenship, and diversity), as well as their perceptions of their communities and threats to the world's future.
The ways in which countries organize civic and citizenship education, with a particular focus on general approaches, the curriculum and its delivery, and the processes used to facilitate future citizens' civic engagement and interaction within and across communities.
description: Please note that the datasets that make up this study are divided by questionnaire and by country.

Datasets 1-24 correspond with the School Questionnaire
Datasets 25-48 correspond with the International Student Achievement Questionnaire
Datasets 49-63 correspond with the European Module Student Questionnaire
Datasets 64-87 correspond with the International Student Questionnaire
Datasets 88-92 correspond with the Latin American Module Student Questionnaire
Datasets 93-116 correspond with the International Student Reliability Questionnaire
Datasets 117-138 correspond with the Teacher Questionnaire
Dataset 139 corresponds with the National Context Questionnaire
description: Estimation weights and variance estimation variables (jackknife replicate weights) are included with each file. Users should refer to the ICCS 2016 User Guide for the International Database for more information on proper use of weighting and variance estimation variables.
description: Response Rates: A minimum response rate of 50% for a sampled class was required in order for it to be considered a 'participating class.' All sampled classes and at least 50% of sampled teachers were required to participate for a sampled school to be considered a 'participating school.'
Please see the ICCS 2016 Technical Report for additional information.
description: Sampling procedures targeted students enrolled in the eighth grade, provided that the average age of students at this year level was 13.5 years or above. In countries where the average age of students in eighth grade was less than 13.5 years, ninth grade students were defined as the target population.
The samples were designed as two-stage cluster samples. In the first stage of sampling, schools were sampled within each country using PPS (probability proportional to size as measured by the number of students enrolled in a school). The numbers required in the sample to achieve the necessary precision were estimated on the basis of national characteristics. However, as a guide, a minimum sample size of 150 schools was planned in each country. Within each sampled school, an intact class from the target grade was sampled randomly, and all students in that class were surveyed.
The population for the ICCS teacher survey was defined as all teachers teaching regular school subjects to the students in the target grade at each sampled school. Up to 15 teachers were selected at random from all teachers teaching the target grade at each sampled school. In schools with 20 or fewer such teachers, all teachers were invited to participate. In schools with more than 20 teachers, 15 of those teachers were sampled at random.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Belgium (Flemish) School Questionnaire File
DS2: Bulgaria School Questionnaire File
DS3: Chile School Questionnaire File
DS4: Colombia School Questionnaire File
DS5: Denmark School Questionnaire File
DS6: North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) School Questionnaire File
DS7: Dominican Republic School Questionnaire File
DS8: Estonia School Questionnaire File
DS9: Finland School Questionnaire File
DS10: Hong Kong (SAR) School Questionnaire File
DS11: Croatia School Questionnaire File
DS12: Italy School Questionnaire File
DS13: Korea, Republic of School Questionnaire File
DS14: Lithuania School Questionnaire File
DS15: Latvia School Questionnaire File
DS16: Mexico School Questionnaire File
DS17: Malta School Questionnaire File
DS18: Netherlands School Questionnaire File
DS19: Norway School Questionnaire File
DS20: Peru School Questionnaire File
DS21: Russian Federation School Questionnaire File
DS22: Slovenia School Questionnaire File
DS23: Sweden School Questionnaire File
DS24: Chinese Taipei School Questionnaire File
DS25: Belgium (Flemish) International Student Achievement File
DS26: Bulgaria International Student Achievement File
DS27: Chile International Student Achievement File
DS28: Colombia International Student Achievement File
DS29: Denmark International Student Achievement File
DS30: North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) International Student Achievement File
DS31: Dominican Republic International Student Achievement File
DS32: Estonia International Student Achievement File
DS33: Finland International Student Achievement File
DS34: Hong Kong (SAR) International Student Achievement File
DS35: Croatia International Student Achievement File
DS36: Italy International Student Achievement File
DS37: Korea, Republic of International Student Achievement File
DS38: Lithuania International Student Achievement File
DS39: Latvia International Student Achievement File
DS40: Mexico International Student Achievement File
DS41: Malta International Student Achievement File
DS42: Netherlands International Student Achievement File
DS43: Norway International Student Achievement File
DS44: Peru International Student Achievement File
DS45: Russian Federation International Student Achievement File
DS46: Slovenia International Student Achievement File
DS47: Sweden International Student Achievement File
DS48: Chinese Taipei International Student Achievement File
DS49: Belgium (Flemish) European Module Student File
DS50: Bulgaria European Module Student File
DS51: Denmark European Module Student File
DS52: North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) European Module Student File
DS53: Estonia European Module Student File
DS54: Finland European Module Student File
DS55: Croatia European Module Student File
DS56: Italy European Module Student File
DS57: Lithuania European Module Student File
DS58: Latvia European Module Student File
DS59: Malta European Module Student File
DS60: Netherlands European Module Student File
DS61: Norway European Module Student File
DS62: Slovenia European Module Student File
DS63: Sweden European Module Student File
DS64: Belgium (Flemish) International Student Questionnaire File
DS65: Bulgaria International Student Questionnaire File
DS66: Chile International Student Questionnaire File
DS67: Colombia International Student Questionnaire File
DS68: Denmark International Student Questionnaire File
DS69: North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) International Student Questionnaire File
DS70: Dominican Republic International Student Questionnaire File
DS71: Estonia International Student Questionnaire File
DS72: Finland International Student Questionnaire File
DS73: Hong Kong (SAR) International Student Questionnaire File
DS74: Croatia International Student Questionnaire File
DS75: Italy International Student Questionnaire File
DS76: Korea, Republic of International Student Questionnaire File
DS77: Lithuania International Student Questionnaire File
DS78: Latvia International Student Questionnaire File
DS79: Mexico International Student Questionnaire File
DS80: Malta International Student Questionnaire File
DS81: Netherlands International Student Questionnaire File
DS82: Norway International Student Questionnaire File
DS83: Peru International Student Questionnaire File
DS84: Russian Federation International Student Questionnaire File
DS85: Slovenia International Student Questionnaire File
DS86: Sweden International Student Questionnaire File
DS87: Chinese Taipei International Student Questionnaire File
DS88: Chile Latin American Module Student File
DS89: Colombia Latin American Module Student File
DS90: Dominican Republic Latin American Module Student File
DS91: Mexico Latin American Module Student File
DS92: Peru Latin American Module Student File
DS93: Belgium (Flemish) International Student Reliability File
DS94: Bulgaria International Student Reliability File
DS95: Chile International Student Reliability File
DS96: Colombia International Student Reliability File
DS97: Denmark International Student Reliability File
DS98: North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) International Student Reliability File
DS99: Dominican Republic International Student Reliability File
DS100: Estonia International Student Reliability File
DS101: Finland International Student Reliability File
DS102: Hong Kong (SAR) International Student Reliability File
DS103: Croatia International Student Reliability File
DS104: Italy International Student Reliability File
DS105: Korea, Republic of International Student Reliability File
DS106: Lithuania International Student Reliability File
DS107: Latvia International Student Reliability File
DS108: Mexico International Student Reliability File
DS109: Malta International Student Reliability File
DS110: Netherlands International Student Reliability File
DS111: Norway International Student Reliability File
DS112: Peru International Student Reliability File
DS113: Russian Federation International Student Reliability File
DS114: Slovenia International Student Reliability File
DS115: Sweden International Student Reliability File
DS116: Chinese Taipei International Student Reliability File
DS117: Belgium (Flemish) Teacher Questionnaire File
DS118: Bulgaria Teacher Questionnaire File
DS119: Chile Teacher Questionnaire File
DS120: Colombia Teacher Questionnaire File
DS121: Denmark Teacher Questionnaire File
DS122: Dominican Republic Teacher Questionnaire File
DS123: Estonia Teacher Questionnaire File
DS124: Finland Teacher Questionnaire File
DS125: Croatia Teacher Questionnaire File
DS126: Italy Teacher Questionnaire File
DS127: Korea, Republic of Teacher Questionnaire File
DS128: Lithuania Teacher Questionnaire File
DS129: Latvia Teacher Questionnaire File
DS130: Mexico Teacher Questionnaire File
DS131: Malta Teacher Questionnaire File
DS132: Netherlands Teacher Questionnaire File
DS133: Norway Teacher Questionnaire File
DS134: Peru Teacher Questionnaire File
DS135: Russian Federation Teacher Questionnaire File
DS136: Slovenia Teacher Questionnaire File
DS137: Sweden Teacher Questionnaire File
DS138: Chinese Taipei Teacher Questionnaire File
DS139: National Context Questionnaire File
description: Eighth grade or ninth grade students and their teachers and principals at participating schools in 24 countries. Smallest Geographic Unit: Country
description: self-enumerated questionnaireFor more information about the study, users should visit the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study web site.