cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128990.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: The Influence of Patient Characteristics on Anticholinergic Events in Older People

description: <b><i>Aims:</i></b> To examine patient characteristics that predict adverse anticholinergic-type events in older people. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective population-level study included 2,248 hospitalised patients. Individual data on medicines that are commonly associated with anticholinergic events (delirium, constipation and urinary retention) were identified. Patient characteristics examined were medicines with anticholinergic effects (ACh burden), age, sex, non-anticholinergic medicines (non-ACM), Charlson comorbidity index scores and ethnicity. The Akaike information criterion was used for model selection. The data were analysed using logistic regression models for anticholinergic events using the software NONMEM. <b><i>Results:</i></b> ACh burden was found to be a significant independent predictor for developing an anticholinergic event [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.21, 95% CI: 1.23-5.81] for those taking an average of 5 anticholinergic medicines compared to those taking 1. Both non-ACM and age were also independent risk factors (aOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.31-1.51 and aOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined population-level data in a nonlinear model framework to predict anticholinergic-type adverse events. This study evaluated the relationship between important patient characteristics and the occurrence of anticholinergic-type events. These findings reinforce the clinical significance of reviewing anticholinergic medicines in older people.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128996.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Factors Associated with Tremor Changes during Sedation with Dexmedetomidine in Parkinson's Disease Surgery

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dexmedetomidine is an α<sub>2</sub>-agonist recently proposed as a potentially ideal drug for sedation during the surgical treatment of Parkinsonʼs disease (PD). This report documents the incidence of changes in motor symptoms (especially tremor) in PD patients sedated with dexmedetomidine for deep brain stimulation or ablation procedures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We reviewed a retrospective cohort of 22 patients who underwent surgery for PD with dexmedetomidine sedation at a single institution from 2010 to 2014. A logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze possible confounding factors. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 14 cases of tremor reduction or suppression were recorded (cumulative incidence: 63.6%; 95% CI: 40.7-82.8). No association could be identified between loading dose, β-blocker use and preoperative total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III, with tremor changes. The maintenance dose of dexmedetomidine was higher in patients who did not experience changes [median and range for patients with and without tremor alteration 0.75 (0.2-1.0) and 1.0 µg × kg<sup>-1</sup> × h<sup>-1</sup> (0.7-1.4), respectively; p = 0.021]. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Dexmedetomidine provides adequate sedation during surgery for PD, but it might affect motor signs making intraoperative testing difficult or even impossible. Dosage appears not to be the determining factor in motor changes, whose cause remains unclear.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128975
title: Supplementary Material for: Outcome of Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction in Women with a Dichorionic Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy to a Singleton Pregnancy: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To study the pregnancy outcomes of women with a dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy that was reduced to a singleton pregnancy and to review the literature. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study. We compared time to delivery and perinatal mortality in dichorionic triplet pregnancies reduced to singletons with ongoing dichorionic triplet pregnancies and primary singleton pregnancies. Additionally, we reviewed the literature on the subject. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We studied 46 women with a reduced dichorionic triplet pregnancy and 42 women with an ongoing dichorionic triplet pregnancy. Median gestational age at delivery was 38.7 vs. 32.8 weeks, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Delivery &lt;24 weeks occurred in 9 (19.6%) women with a reduced triplet pregnancy and 4 (9.5%) with an ongoing triplet pregnancy (p = 0.19). Perinatal survival rates between the reduced group and the ongoing triplet group were not significantly different. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Multifetal pregnancy reduction in women with a dichorionic triplet pregnancy to a singleton pregnancy prolongs median gestational age at birth. No statistically significant association was found with miscarriage and perinatal survival rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128978
title: Supplementary Material for: Early Recruitment of Cerebral Microcirculation by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in a Juvenile Ischemic Rat Model

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The development of collateral circulation is proposed as an inherent compensatory mechanism to restore impaired blood perfusion after ischemia, at least in the penumbra. We have studied the dynamic macro- and microcirculation after ischemia-reperfusion in the juvenile rat brain and evaluated the impact of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition on the collateral flow. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fourteen-day-old (P14) rats were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion and treated with either PBS or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, an nNOS inhibitor, 25 mg/kg). Arterial blood flow (BF) was measured using 2D-color-coded pulsed ultrasound imaging. Laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging and sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy were used to measure cortical and microvascular BF, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In basal conditions, 7-NI reduced BF in the internal carotids (by ∼25%) and cortical (by ∼30%) BF, as compared to PBS. During ischemia, the increased mean BF velocity in the basilar trunk after both PBS and 7-NI demonstrated the establishment of collateral support and patency. Upon re-flow, BF immediately recovered to basal values in the internal carotid arteries under both conditions. The 7-NI group showed increased collateral flow in the penumbral tissue during early re-flow compared to PBS, as shown with both LSC imaging and side-stream dark-field videomicroscopy. The proportion of perfused capillaries was significantly increased under 7-NI as compared to PBS when given before ischemia (67.0 ± 3.9 vs. 46.8 ± 8.8, p &lt; 0.01). Perfused capillaries (63.1 ± 17.7 vs. 81.1 ± 20.7, p &lt; 0.001) and the BF index (2.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1, p &lt; 0.001) significantly increased under 7-NI given at the re-flow onset. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Collateral support in the penumbra is initiated during ischemia, and may be increased during early re-flow by neuronal NOS inhibition (given in pre- and post-treatment), which may preserve brain tissue in juvenile rats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128981
title: Supplementary Material for: Genetic Associations of Alexithymia in Predicting Interferon-Induced Depression in Chronic Hepatitis C

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies have shown that alexithymia is associated with gene polymorphisms that regulate the availability of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. Since the 5-HT network is involved in interferon (IFN)-induced depression, this paper aimed to investigate the role of alexithymia and the functional gene variants of the 5-HT1A receptor (HTR1A) and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTTLPR) in induction of depression during antiviral treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The depressive symptoms of 130 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C and no current psychopathology were measured during treatment with IFN and ribavirin (6-12 months) and at a 6-month follow-up. At baseline, alexithymia and 2 genotypes (5-HTTLPR and HTR1A) were also assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with homozygosity for HTR1A-G and 5-HTTLPR long alleles had significantly higher levels of alexithymia. After controlling for sociodemographic and disease-related factors, alexithymia and HTR1A-G polymorphism, both separately (20-22%) and jointly (14-16%), significantly and independently predicted the development of IFN-induced depression. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Subjects carrying HTR1A-G and 5-HTTLRP double long alleles are more vulnerable to alexithymia. Also patients with a higher level of alexithymia and the HTR1A-G gene variant are more vulnerable to experiencing IFN-induced depressive symptoms. The clinical implications of targeting alexithymia and HTR1A receptors as a possible treatment option for mood disorders should be investigated in further studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128972
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Term Evaluation of Colestilan in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Dialysis Patients with Hyperphosphataemia

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> This study investigated in a North American patient population the longer-term treatment effects of the phosphate binder, colestilan, in patients with CKD Stage 5D and hyperphosphataemia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One hundred and sixteen CKD Stage 5D patients with hyperphosphataemia were entered into a multi-centre, open-label study where they received flexible dose colestilan (6-15 g/day) to maintain serum phosphorus levels between 3.5 and 5.5 mg/dl. The primary endpoint was safety, assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events. Efficacy was assessed by changes in serum phosphorus, mineral metabolism, lipids, HbA1c, uric acid and bone markers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Serum phosphorus was significantly reduced by 1.18 mg/dl (p &lt; 0.001), from 6.99 mg/dl at baseline to 5.80 mg/dl at week 52. LDL-cholesterol was also significantly reduced as well as uric acid. Significant change was observed only for one bone marker - PINP. Most adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity. Nausea (22.4%), vomiting (21.6%), and diarrhoea (19.8%) were most commonly reported. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Long-term flexible dosing with colestilan reduces serum phosphorus and demonstrates an acceptable safety and tolerability profile.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128981.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Genetic Associations of Alexithymia in Predicting Interferon-Induced Depression in Chronic Hepatitis C

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies have shown that alexithymia is associated with gene polymorphisms that regulate the availability of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. Since the 5-HT network is involved in interferon (IFN)-induced depression, this paper aimed to investigate the role of alexithymia and the functional gene variants of the 5-HT1A receptor (HTR1A) and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTTLPR) in induction of depression during antiviral treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The depressive symptoms of 130 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C and no current psychopathology were measured during treatment with IFN and ribavirin (6-12 months) and at a 6-month follow-up. At baseline, alexithymia and 2 genotypes (5-HTTLPR and HTR1A) were also assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with homozygosity for HTR1A-G and 5-HTTLPR long alleles had significantly higher levels of alexithymia. After controlling for sociodemographic and disease-related factors, alexithymia and HTR1A-G polymorphism, both separately (20-22%) and jointly (14-16%), significantly and independently predicted the development of IFN-induced depression. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Subjects carrying HTR1A-G and 5-HTTLRP double long alleles are more vulnerable to alexithymia. Also patients with a higher level of alexithymia and the HTR1A-G gene variant are more vulnerable to experiencing IFN-induced depressive symptoms. The clinical implications of targeting alexithymia and HTR1A receptors as a possible treatment option for mood disorders should be investigated in further studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128984
title: Supplementary Material for: Mineral Metabolites, Angiotensin II Inhibition and Outcomes in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) interacts with the vitamin D-fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho axis. We investigated whether circulating mineral metabolism markers modify outcomes in response to RAAS inhibition in subjects with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use with all-cause mortality and dialysis initiation among 1,753 subjects (1,099 CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate 18 ± 6 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and 654 end-stage renal disease [ESRD]) from the Homocysteine in Kidney and End Stage Renal Disease (HOST) study. A propensity score analysis accounted for indication bias and Cox regression models adjusted for mineral metabolism markers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean follow-up was 3.2 years; 714 (41%) subjects died and 615 (56%) initiated dialysis. In adjusted analyses, all subjects treated with ACEI/ARB had a significantly lower hazard of death (hazards ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.95, p = 0.007). Those with CKD not on dialysis and treated with ACEI/ARB trended toward a lower hazard of dialysis initiation (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-1.01, p = 0.06). The association with mortality did not differ by level of mineral metabolism marker (p for interaction &gt;0.16); however, the relationship with dialysis initiation differed according to the median serum phosphorus level (p for interaction &lt;0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> RAAS inhibition was associated with decreased all-cause mortality independent of disordered mineral metabolism among mostly male HOST subjects with advanced CKD and ESRD. However, among those with CKD not requiring dialysis, the renoprotection associated with RAAS inhibition was attenuated by higher serum phosphorus levels. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128969
title: Supplementary Material for: Differentiation of Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Characterisation in the Dragonsnake <b><i>Xenodermus javanicus</i></b> (Squamata: Xenodermatidae)

description: Highly differentiated heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes with a heterochromatic W are a basic principle among advanced snakes of the lineage Colubroidea, while other snake lineages generally lack these characteristics. For the first time, we cytogenetically examined the dragonsnake, <i>Xenodermus javanicus</i>, a member of the family Xenodermatidae, which is phylogenetically nested between snake lineages with and without differentiated sex chromosomes. Although most snakes have a karyotype with a stable chromosomal number of 2n = 36, the dragonsnake has an unusual, derived karyotype with 2n = 32 chromosomes. We found that heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes with a heterochromatic W are present in the dragonsnake, which suggests that the emergence of a highly differentiated W sex chromosome within snakes predates the split of Xenodermatidae and the clade including families Pareatidae, Viperidae, Homalopsidae, Lamprophiidae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. Although accumulations of interstitial telomeric sequences have not been previously reported in snakes, by using FISH with a telomeric probe we discovered them in 6 pairs of autosomes as well as in the W sex chromosome of the dragonsnake. Similarly to advanced snakes, the sex chromosomes of the dragonsnake have a significant accumulation of repeats containing a (GATA)<sub>n</sub> sequence. The results facilitate the dating of the differentiation of sex chromosomes within snakes back to the split between Xenodermatidae and other advanced snakes, i.e. around 40-75 mya.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128978.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Early Recruitment of Cerebral Microcirculation by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in a Juvenile Ischemic Rat Model

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The development of collateral circulation is proposed as an inherent compensatory mechanism to restore impaired blood perfusion after ischemia, at least in the penumbra. We have studied the dynamic macro- and microcirculation after ischemia-reperfusion in the juvenile rat brain and evaluated the impact of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition on the collateral flow. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fourteen-day-old (P14) rats were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion and treated with either PBS or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, an nNOS inhibitor, 25 mg/kg). Arterial blood flow (BF) was measured using 2D-color-coded pulsed ultrasound imaging. Laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging and sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy were used to measure cortical and microvascular BF, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In basal conditions, 7-NI reduced BF in the internal carotids (by ∼25%) and cortical (by ∼30%) BF, as compared to PBS. During ischemia, the increased mean BF velocity in the basilar trunk after both PBS and 7-NI demonstrated the establishment of collateral support and patency. Upon re-flow, BF immediately recovered to basal values in the internal carotid arteries under both conditions. The 7-NI group showed increased collateral flow in the penumbral tissue during early re-flow compared to PBS, as shown with both LSC imaging and side-stream dark-field videomicroscopy. The proportion of perfused capillaries was significantly increased under 7-NI as compared to PBS when given before ischemia (67.0 ± 3.9 vs. 46.8 ± 8.8, p &lt; 0.01). Perfused capillaries (63.1 ± 17.7 vs. 81.1 ± 20.7, p &lt; 0.001) and the BF index (2.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1, p &lt; 0.001) significantly increased under 7-NI given at the re-flow onset. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Collateral support in the penumbra is initiated during ischemia, and may be increased during early re-flow by neuronal NOS inhibition (given in pre- and post-treatment), which may preserve brain tissue in juvenile rats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128984.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Mineral Metabolites, Angiotensin II Inhibition and Outcomes in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) interacts with the vitamin D-fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho axis. We investigated whether circulating mineral metabolism markers modify outcomes in response to RAAS inhibition in subjects with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use with all-cause mortality and dialysis initiation among 1,753 subjects (1,099 CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate 18 ± 6 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and 654 end-stage renal disease [ESRD]) from the Homocysteine in Kidney and End Stage Renal Disease (HOST) study. A propensity score analysis accounted for indication bias and Cox regression models adjusted for mineral metabolism markers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean follow-up was 3.2 years; 714 (41%) subjects died and 615 (56%) initiated dialysis. In adjusted analyses, all subjects treated with ACEI/ARB had a significantly lower hazard of death (hazards ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.95, p = 0.007). Those with CKD not on dialysis and treated with ACEI/ARB trended toward a lower hazard of dialysis initiation (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-1.01, p = 0.06). The association with mortality did not differ by level of mineral metabolism marker (p for interaction &gt;0.16); however, the relationship with dialysis initiation differed according to the median serum phosphorus level (p for interaction &lt;0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> RAAS inhibition was associated with decreased all-cause mortality independent of disordered mineral metabolism among mostly male HOST subjects with advanced CKD and ESRD. However, among those with CKD not requiring dialysis, the renoprotection associated with RAAS inhibition was attenuated by higher serum phosphorus levels. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128969.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Differentiation of Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Characterisation in the Dragonsnake <b><i>Xenodermus javanicus</i></b> (Squamata: Xenodermatidae)

description: Highly differentiated heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes with a heterochromatic W are a basic principle among advanced snakes of the lineage Colubroidea, while other snake lineages generally lack these characteristics. For the first time, we cytogenetically examined the dragonsnake, <i>Xenodermus javanicus</i>, a member of the family Xenodermatidae, which is phylogenetically nested between snake lineages with and without differentiated sex chromosomes. Although most snakes have a karyotype with a stable chromosomal number of 2n = 36, the dragonsnake has an unusual, derived karyotype with 2n = 32 chromosomes. We found that heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes with a heterochromatic W are present in the dragonsnake, which suggests that the emergence of a highly differentiated W sex chromosome within snakes predates the split of Xenodermatidae and the clade including families Pareatidae, Viperidae, Homalopsidae, Lamprophiidae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. Although accumulations of interstitial telomeric sequences have not been previously reported in snakes, by using FISH with a telomeric probe we discovered them in 6 pairs of autosomes as well as in the W sex chromosome of the dragonsnake. Similarly to advanced snakes, the sex chromosomes of the dragonsnake have a significant accumulation of repeats containing a (GATA)<sub>n</sub> sequence. The results facilitate the dating of the differentiation of sex chromosomes within snakes back to the split between Xenodermatidae and other advanced snakes, i.e. around 40-75 mya.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128975.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Outcome of Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction in Women with a Dichorionic Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy to a Singleton Pregnancy: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To study the pregnancy outcomes of women with a dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy that was reduced to a singleton pregnancy and to review the literature. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study. We compared time to delivery and perinatal mortality in dichorionic triplet pregnancies reduced to singletons with ongoing dichorionic triplet pregnancies and primary singleton pregnancies. Additionally, we reviewed the literature on the subject. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We studied 46 women with a reduced dichorionic triplet pregnancy and 42 women with an ongoing dichorionic triplet pregnancy. Median gestational age at delivery was 38.7 vs. 32.8 weeks, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Delivery &lt;24 weeks occurred in 9 (19.6%) women with a reduced triplet pregnancy and 4 (9.5%) with an ongoing triplet pregnancy (p = 0.19). Perinatal survival rates between the reduced group and the ongoing triplet group were not significantly different. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Multifetal pregnancy reduction in women with a dichorionic triplet pregnancy to a singleton pregnancy prolongs median gestational age at birth. No statistically significant association was found with miscarriage and perinatal survival rates.