DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8qj84
title: Data from: Enhanced yeast feeding following mating facilitates control of the invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii

description: The highly invasive spotted wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii is a key
 pest of soft fruit and berries in Europe and North America, and
 development of control techniques is an urgent research challenge.
 Drosophila suzukii is widely associated with the yeast Hanseniaspora
 uvarum. Yeasts are symbionts of drosophilid flies and communicate with
 insects through volatile metabolites for spore dispersal. Accordingly,
 yeasts and behaviour-modifying chemicals produced by yeasts are
 prospective tools for environmentally sound insect management. We first
 bioassayed flight attraction, feeding and oviposition of D. suzukii
 females in response to H. uvarum yeast and blueberries, which are a
 preferred host fruit. We then investigated the combined effect of yeast
 and insecticide on adult female oviposition behaviour and mortality
 towards the development of a yeast-based control method. Following mating,
 attraction of female flies to blueberry and yeast odour cues was strongly
 enhanced. Yeast feeding significantly increased in mated females, while
 yeast did not increase oviposition on blueberries. This observation
 suggests that mated flies become attracted to yeast for feeding and to
 fruit for egg laying. A combined feeding–oviposition assay demonstrated
 different roles and interference between yeast and fruit stimuli: during
 the day after mating, females laid fewer eggs when yeast was available.
 The post-mating yeast-feeding response is an opportunity for the
 development of an attract-and-kill technique for population control of D.
 suzukii. Exposing flies to a blend of yeast and insecticide reduced
 oviposition and greatly enhanced adult fly mortality compared with an
 insecticide treatment alone. Synthesis and applications. Mated females are
 the key life stage for Drosophila suzukii population control. Egg-laying
 females perforate fruit skin and fungal infestations ensue, even when eggs
 and larvae are killed off by insecticide sprays. Behaviour-modifying
 chemicals, including yeast metabolites, enable environmentally safe insect
 management via manipulation of olfactory-mediated reproductive behaviour.
 Our results highlight that yeast and yeast semiochemicals hold potential
 for D. suzukii management and that response modulation to olfactory
 stimuli following mating is a vital element for the development of D.
 suzukii control methods. Yeast feeding is enhanced in mated D. suzukii
 females, and this change in post-mating behaviour can be exploited by an
 attract-and-kill strategy, combining a fly-associated yeast with an
 insecticide. Furthermore, using the D. suzukii yeast mutualist, H. uvarum,
 may reduce non-target effects and increase species specificity, which
 further contributes to the development of an efficient and safe control
 method.
description: Experiment 1 - Wind
 tunnel bioassay dataWind tunnel data
 generated in the laboratory. Column headings: OdourSource – source of
 odour either defrosted organic blueberries (blueberry) or a suspension of
 Hanseniaspora uvarum grown in liquid minimal medium (hanseniaspora).
 MatingStatus – mating status of the Drosophila suzukii female (mated or
 virgin). Landing – binary – 1 indicates fly landed at the odour source, 0
 indicates fly did not land at the odour source.Experiment 2 - Feeding
 (CAFE) bioassay dataFeeding (CAFE) bioassay
 data generated in the laboratory. Column headings: Replicate – replicate
 number. Mating_status – mating status of the Drosophila suzukii female
 (mated or virgin). Amount_ul – amount of the Hanseniaspora uvarum yeast
 suspension consumed by the fly in 2 hours.Experiment 3 -
 Oviposition bioassay dataTwo-choice oviposition
 bioassay data generated in the laboratory. Column headings: Replicate –
 replicate number. Ripe_Eggs – number of eggs laid on a ripe blueberry
 inoculated with 3 ul of minimal medium after 23 hours. Ripe+Hu_Eggs –
 number of eggs laid on a ripe blueberry inoculated with 3 ul of a
 Hanseniaspora uvarum suspension grown in liquid minimal medium after 23
 hours.Experiment 4 -
 Oviposition & Feeding (OviCAFE) bioassay dataOviposition and Feeding
 (OviCAFE) bioassay data generated in the laboratory. Column headings:
 Replicate – replicate number. Treatment – solution contained in the
 feeding capillary; either liquid minimal medium (Media) or a suspension of
 Hanseniaspora uvarum grown in liquid minimal medium (Yeast). Amount_ul -
 amount of each treatment consumed by the Drosophila suzukii female in 23
 hours. Eggs - number of eggs laid by each fly after 23
 hours.Experiment 5 -
 Insecticide bioassay dataInsecticide bioassay
 data generated in the laboratory. Column headings: Replicate – replicate
 number. Treatment – treatment applied to each arena (bowl). Hu_Entrust –
 Hanseniaspora uvarum and spinosad insecticide; Entrust – spinosad
 insecticide alone; Hu_Alone – Hanseniaspora uvarum alone; Water_control –
 water. Treatments with insecticide contained 5 mg of active ingredient/L.
 Eggs_total – total number of eggs laid on the 5 cherries in each arena by
 10 Drosophila suzukii females after 16 hours. Females_alive – number of
 alive Drosophila suzukii females in each arena after 24 hours.
 Females_dead – number of dead Drosophila suzukii females in each arena
 after 24 hours.