DOI: 10.5061/dryad.98sf7m0q8
title: Data from: anterior pituitary transcriptomics following a high fat diet: impact of oxidative stress on cell metabolism

description: Anterior pituitary cells are highly active with regards to protein
 synthesis and secretion, processes which depend heavily on mitochondrial
 ATP production and functional endoplasmic reticula. It is well known that
 obesity adds an allostatic overload to tissues, requiring them to adapt to
 inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that the
 pituitary is highly vulnerable to the stress of high fat diet-induced
 weight gain. In this study, we utilized a 10-15 week high fat diet (HFD,
 60%) plus a thermoneutral housing paradigm, testing both male and female
 FVB.129P mice. We quantified serum hormones and cytokines, characterized
 the metabolic phenotype, and defined changes in the pituitary
 transcriptome using single-cell RNA-seq. Weight gain was significant by 3
 weeks in HFD mice, and by 10 weeks all HFD groups had gained 20 g. HFD
 females (15 weeks) had increased energy expenditure and decreased
 activity. All HFD groups showed increases in serum leptin, Il-6, resistin,
 MCP-1, and TNFα. HFD males had increased insulin; both HFD males and
 females had increased TSH, and HFD females had decreased serum prolactin
 and growth hormone (GH) pulse amplitude. Pituitary scRNA-seq revealed
 modest or no changes in pituitary cell gene expression in the different
 cell types from HFD males after 10 or 15 weeks or HFD females after 10
 weeks. However, females exposed to a HFD for 15 weeks showed significant
 numbers of differentially expressed genes in lactotropes and stem cells.
 Pathway analyses identified a reduction in pathways that supported protein
 translation, ribosome biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation,
 indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these studies reveal
 that pituitary cells from males are more resilient to the oxidative stress
 of obesity than females and identify the most vulnerable pituitary cell
 populations in females.
description: # Data from: anterior pituitary transcriptomics following a high fat diet:
 impact of oxidative stress on organelle pathology
 Anterior pituitary cells
 are highly active with regards to protein synthesis and secretion,
 processes which depend heavily on mitochondrial ATP production and
 functional endoplasmic reticula. It is well known that obesity adds an
 allostatic overload to tissues, requiring them to adapt to inflammation
 and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that the pituitary is
 highly vulnerable to the stress of high fat diet-induced weight gain. In
 this study, we utilized a 10-15 week high fat diet (HFD, 60%) plus a
 thermoneutral housing paradigm, testing both male and female FVB.129P
 mice. We quantified serum hormones and cytokines, characterized the
 metabolic phenotype, and defined changes in the pituitary transcriptome
 using single-cell RNA-seq. Weight gain was significant by 3 weeks in HFD
 mice, and by 10 weeks all HFD groups had gained 20 g.  HFD females (15
 weeks) had increased energy expenditure and decreased activity. All HFD
 groups showed increases in serum leptin, Il-6, resistin, MCP-1, and TNFα.
 HFD males had increased insulin; both HFD males and females had increased
 TSH, and HFD females had decreased serum prolactin and growth hormone (GH)
 pulse amplitude.  Pituitary scRNA-seq revealed modest or no changes in
 pituitary cell gene expression in the different cell types from HFD males
 after 10 or 15 weeks or HFD females after 10 weeks. However, females
 exposed to a HFD for 15 weeks showed significant numbers of differentially
 expressed genes in lactotropes and stem cells. Pathway analyses identified
 a reduction in pathways that supported protein translation, ribosome
 biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation, indicating mitochondrial
 dysfunction. Collectively, these studies reveal that pituitary cells from
 males are more resilient to the oxidative stress of obesity than females
 and identify the most vulnerable pituitary cell populations in females. ##
 Description of the data and file structure This supplemental data set
 includes supporting figures and Tables as cited in the primary manuscript.
 This includes Author generated pituitary single cell RNA sequencing data
 comparing control and high fat diet fed mice at 10 and 15 weeks of
 treatment (see Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number
 cited in the primary manuscript). Supplementary Figure 1. ANCOVA analysis
 of female and male energy expenditure Supplementary Figure 2.
 Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring (CLAMS): 10-week HFD Supplementary
 Figure 3. Glucose Tolerance Test in males after 15 weeks on normal or high
 fat diet Supplemental Table 1. Single cell RNA sequencing of pituitaries
 from control and high fat diet treated mice - top ten genes in each
 identified cluster.  Supplemental Table 2. Differentially expressed genes
 in each pituitary cell cluster from males exposed to HFD for 10 weeks
 Supplemental Table 3. Differentially expressed genes in clusters from male
 pituitaries following a HFD for 15 weeks Supplemental Table 4.
 Differentially expressed genes in each pituitary cell cluster from females
 exposed to HFD for 10 weeks Supplemental Table 5. Lactotrope cluster from
 female pituitaries exposed to HFD for 15 weeks Supplemental Table 6.
 Differentially expressed genes in female pituitary stem cell clusters
 exposed to HFD for 15 weeks Supplemental Table 7. Differentially expressed
 genes in the lactotrope cell cluster from males exposed to HFD for 15
 weeks vs age matched controls Supplemental Table 8. GO analysis of
 biological processes impacted by all down-regulated DEGs in the female
 lactotrope cluster that are reduced at adjusted p&lt;0.055 following a HFD
 for 15 weeks Supplemental Table 9. GO analysis of biological processes
 impacted by all up-regulated DEGs in the female lactotrope cluster that
 are increased at adjusted p&lt;0.055 following a HFD for 15 weeks
 Supplemental Table 10. Differentially expressed genes in the pituitary
 stem cell cluster from males exposed to HFD for 15 weeks vs age matched
 controls Supplemental Table 11. GO analysis of biological processes
 impacted by all down-regulated DEGs in the female stem cell cluster that
 are reduced at adjusted p&lt;0.055 following a HFD for 15 weeks
 Supplemental Table 12. GO analysis of biological processes impacted by all
 up-regulated DEGs in the female stem cell cluster that are reduced at
 adjusted p&lt;0.055 following a HFD for 15 weeks