cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14722118
title: Data Appendix to TaxoDros - The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae hash://md5/c6ca8257965cccb206b90b022a9446e8 hash://sha256/0185b51272f3cd5ca6af34ee406564c3366211bed461650e28273cc7f27f6210

description: This publication contains an archive of versioned metadata and data associated the TaxoDros source data for Taxodros: The database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae as provided by Gerhard Bächli, the database maintainer, in January 2025. [1].

The data archive "data.zip" was created using Preston [2,3] and includes both pdfs of works published before and after 2000-01-01.  

Due to copyright restrictions, the data can only be accessed on request.

To use, first download and unpack data, then use preston (or similar) to easily access data.

If preston is not available, or prefer not to use it, the associated TaxoDros data can be discovered found via

 data/01/85/0185b51272f3cd5ca6af34ee406564c3366211bed461650e28273cc7f27f6210

and their dependencies.
description: filenames.tsv and filenames.csv were derived from the included archive using Preston, a biodiversity data tracker via

# get data archive and unzip to data/ folder
unzip data.zip

# use preston to list all name -> content associations
preston alias\
 -l tsv\
 --anchor hash://sha256/0185b51272f3cd5ca6af34ee406564c3366211bed461650e28273cc7f27f6210\
 | cut -f1,3\
 | tee filenames.tsv\
 | mlr --itsvlite --ocsv cat\
 > filenames.csv

The content associated with a specific name is located in data/[characters 0-1 of content id]/[characters 2-3 of content id]/[content id].

So, for instance, content associated with -




filename
content id


file:///var/cache/taxodros/pdf/R/Riedel,%201919b.pdf
hash://sha256/f493ad1de56055d631ada9ab0db6f9da2ff0d096336aa4174b1515336b9581b4




can be found in 

data/f4/93/f493ad1de56055d631ada9ab0db6f9da2ff0d096336aa4174b1515336b9581b4
DOI: 10.60707/k2d5-3750
title: Initail Carbonate Analyses of OREX-800055-18
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zk5beu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 375 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-73.91132 40.91513,-74.07734 40.65087,-74.18238 40.64573,-74.19707 40.63116,-74.24563 40.54367,-74.25128 40.49645,-74.13608 40.52564,-74.0333 40.60801,-74.00845 40.57199,-73.94294 40.54281,-73.72947 40.58914,-73.769 40.61915,-73.69559 40.73736,-73.77917 40.87841,-73.91132 40.91513))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Hesperiidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, Nymphalidae)",
 "Year 1990-1999"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 375 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000722-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hk5qsz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 48 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is CAN.1_1",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 48 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000723-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.60707/y51y-zz73
title: 20240229 EPMA OREX-803098-100
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bp4wsx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 52 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Eleutherodactylus dennisi (Lynch, 1970)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 52 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000726-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.60707/dyzn-jw73
title: Analysis of particles of OREX-501071-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE and BSE imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/52aw-db53
title: Fiducial context images for sample OREX-800055-15
DOI: 10.60707/j4y2-ga58
title: STEM of a FIB section from SOAWG fines
DOI: 10.60707/yqsp-x686
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/0adg-8267
title: X-ray CT data for Bennu particle OREX-800130-0
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hd7bsw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 43 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Thamnophis mendax Walker, 1955"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 43 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000727-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.60707/kwjt-3e18
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/cvkv-ee91
title: Fiducial context images for sample OREX-800055-16
DOI: 10.60707/mz18-vk37
title: Imaging, EDS and EDS tomography of Bennu FIB section OREX-803030-100
DOI: 10.60707/1jgm-ya23
title: Analysis of particles of OREX-803057-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including BSE, SE, and CL imaging, and EDS spot analysis.
DOI: 10.60707/x5gg-w034
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/fpkv-n636
title: Imaging, EDS and EDS tomography of Bennu FIB section OREX-803030-100
DOI: 10.60707/dfp2-5y06
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zv683r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Notiosorex villai Carraway & Timm, 2000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000728-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.60707/5148-tt45
title: Gas Pycnometry Bundle Data for OREX-800019-0
DOI: 10.60707/6zq2-mj72
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/jxkx-5f46
title: TEM EDS analyses of serpentine and sulfides nanoparticles in sample OREX-800045-102 for Zega and McCoy et al Nature paper
DOI: 10.60707/93pf-mb07
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/kpkj-3d24
title: STEM of a FIB section from SOAWG fines
DOI: 10.60707/883v-5839
title: Imaging, EDS and EDS tomography of Bennu FIB section OREX-803030-100
DOI: 10.60707/gnh6-p754
title: STEM of a FIB section from SOAWG fines
DOI: 10.60707/z3g0-9m73
title: Biconical FTIR reflectance spectrum of asteroid Bennu aggregate OREX-803119-100.
DOI: 10.60707/gdh1-tn97
title: Analysis of particle of OREX-803077-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE, BSE, and CL imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/25z3-dr82
title: Analysis of particles of OREX-501075-0 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia, including SE and BSE imaging, EDS element maps, and EBSD maps and data.
DOI: 10.60707/xw33-9229
title: Sample preparation of particles of OREX-501070-0 by focussed ion beam milling scanning electron microscopy (FEB-SEM) at Curtin University, Western Australia.
DOI: 10.60707/abaa-7633
title: X-ray CT data for Bennu particle OREX-800113-0
DOI: 10.60707/1qw2-pc88
title: STEM of a FIB section from SOAWG fines
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ft6kpf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 15057 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 "TaxonKey is Lejeunea Lib."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 15057 records from 133 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000729-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.txpkb5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4327 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-58.40448 23.02944,26.40448 23.02944,26.40448 56.97056,-58.40448 56.97056,-58.40448 23.02944))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Culcita macrocarpa C.Presl"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4327 records from 52 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041791-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v3qb8u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1484 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Elasmobranchii, Petromyzontiformes, Holocephali, Myxini, Dipneusti, Coelacanthi)",
 "Year 2017-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1484 records from 64 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041792-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d2wmny
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 637587 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 637587 records from 350 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041784-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ccdg72
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2784 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Cycloneda polita Casey, 1899"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2784 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041793-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w98nrx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6013 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6013 records from 114 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041794-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.53zxqn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3844961 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Turdus philomelos C.L.Brehm, 1831)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3844961 records from 4939 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0041781-240626123714530/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m9sgg4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1522 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Ammodramus henslowii (Audubon, 1829)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1522 records from 57 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000638-191105090559680/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vtear2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 17171 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is North Sea plastic incubation and reference communities, raw sequence reads"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 17171 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0055719-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3a2wna
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 45053 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Year 1901-2020",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-164.93979 1.50862,-20.06021 1.50862,-20.06021 59.49138,-164.93979 59.49138,-164.93979 1.50862))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Bombus impatiens Cresson, 1863",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 45053 records from 51 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0040654-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.iiwven
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 49 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Syagrus vagans (Bondar) A.D.Hawkes",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 49 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035266-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.crrmzc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44771 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Observation"
 ]
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON((92.5708 54.77783,100.61279 48.93311,102.15088 62.95166,86.4624 59.7876,85.56152 54.8877,92.5708 54.77783))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44771 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0061525-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.t2njxt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Cynolebiidae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0055424-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kvn8uj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 142 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Phylloscartes beckeri Gonzaga & Pacheco, 1995"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 142 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056476-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.u89gti
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 336 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Tillandsia achyrostachys É.Morren ex Baker"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 336 records from 46 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002727-180412121330197/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4rnuk3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3630 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Profundulidae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3630 records from 46 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0055439-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.muuvy8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 336 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Picumnus fulvescens Stager, 1961"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 336 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056503-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2nq1df
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7010 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "Country is Sweden",
 "Country is Finland",
 "Country is Norway"
 ]
 },
 "Year 1990-2018",
 "TaxonKey is Pyrola chlorantha Sw."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7010 records from 26 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002727-180508205500799/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e8x7pb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Kenyaichthyidae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0055430-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3x6f3n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2491 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Piculus aurulentus (Temminck, 1821)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2491 records from 34 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056488-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.lwsxql
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 522 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Morphnus guianensis (Daudin, 1800)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 522 records from 38 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002727-180824113759888/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7ewghc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 197715 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Fundulidae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 197715 records from 157 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0055427-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wgayaw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Keiferella juniperici Boczek, 1964"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0069062-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vkuzxi
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 108 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Year 1950-2019",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Aotus griseimembra Elliot, 1912",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 108 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002727-190307172214381/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rfz5aq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 34072 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "Country is Portugal",
 "Country is Sweden",
 "Country is Denmark",
 "Country is Spain",
 "Country is Switzerland",
 "Country is Netherlands",
 "Country is Belgium"
 ]
 },
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 {
 "or" : [
 "Issue is Coordinate rounded",
 "Issue is Geodetic datum assumed WGS84",
 "Issue is Coordinate reprojected",
 "Issue is Country derived from coordinates",
 "Issue is Presumed swapped coordinate",
 "Issue is Recorded date invalid",
 "Issue is Recorded date unlikely",
 "Issue is Taxon match higher rank",
 "Issue is Taxon match fuzzy",
 "Issue is References URI invalid",
 "Issue is Occurrence status inferred from individual count",
 "Issue is Institution match none",
 "Issue is Collection match none",
 "Issue is Institution match fuzzy",
 "Issue is Collection match fuzzy",
 "Issue is Institution collection mismatch",
 "Issue is Different owner institution",
 "Issue is Individual count invalid",
 "Issue is Elevation min max swapped"
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Bromus sterilis L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 34072 records from 83 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0110698-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pujkpv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Syagrus ×costae Glassman",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035267-200221144449610/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ggcsfn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 702 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Parathelphusa H.Milne Edwards, 1853"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 702 records from 22 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0048068-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.