DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18296750
title: CARMINE D2.6 – Dataset based on fine scale modelling and NBS applications (PALM, Bologna)

description: README

General information

The data stored in this repository are for the Bologna (Italy), 25–26 July 2025.

This dataset is a part of the deliverable 2.6 (D2.6) of the CARMINE (Climate-Resilient Development Pathways in Metropolitan Regions of Europe) project. The experiment design includes four simulation results in total: 1) baseline (base), 2) green city scenario (scen01), 3) green roofs (scen02), and 4) high-reflective surfaces (scen03). Technical documentation and a detailed description are available in D2.6 documentation.

The raw model data outputs are in NetCDF format, totalling ~40 GB per simulation (a total of ~160 GB). The default PALM outputs represent 10-minute averages of the simulated variables (see below). Calculation of values occurs at each model time step, which varies between 0.1 and 1.0 seconds based on the data input for the prevailing meteorological conditions; longer time steps are typical at night and under low wind speeds. However, the total size of the 10-minute averages is about 80 GB, which exceeds Zenodo's limit, so we shared 1-hour averages of the simulated variables. The archive size for one case study is about 15 GB. The raw data and 10-minute averages are available upon request.

Modelled variables



surface air temperature (Zenodo: ta_2m, PALM: ta_2m*_xy) [deg C],

mean radiant temperature, MRT (bio_mrt, bio_mrt*_xy) [deg C],

horizontal surface temperature (tsurf, tsurf*_xy) [deg C],

universal thermal climate index, UTCI (bio_utci, bio_utci*_xy) [deg C],

wind speed in 10m (wspeed_10m, wspeed_10m*_xy) [m/s],

net radiation flux at the surface (rad_net, rad_net*_xy) [W/m2].


Structure and naming convention

 The archive includes the following:

1. 01_Input-GIS.zip contains the input data necessary for PALM's static driver processing. The scenarios mentioned above used the same input data.

2. 02_Input-PALM.zip contains PALM's static drivers (suffix 'static'), dynamic driver (suffix 'dynamic', the same for all simulations), and configuration files (p3d and p3dr).

3. 03_Results.zip contains 01-hour averages as maps (PNG files; output-png subfolder) or GIS files (GeoTiff, output-gis subfolder). Each GeoTiff file has a projection file (*.prj). Most subfolders contain two subfolders: abs-01h and diff-01h (this folder contains differences between scenario and baseline; this folder is missing in the base subfolder).

Each file (PNG, GeoTiff, or *.prj) has the same naming convention. As an example, bio_mrt_abs-01h_20240701_1200-1300.png, could be parsed as: variable name (bio_mrt), type of the processed output - absolute 'abs' value or differences 'diff' (abs-01h), date (20240701) and averaged period (1200-1300). So, the result is a map of hourly-averaged MRT for 1 July 2024 between 12:00 and 13:00 UTC.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

HPC resources necessary for PALM numerical simulations were supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ (ID:90254). Researchers were supported by the European Union's HORIZON Research and Innovation Actions under grant agreement No. 101137851, project CARMINE (Climate-Resilient Development Pathways in Metropolitan Regions of Europe).

The dataset is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-4.0). This license allows others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the dataset for any purpose, even commercially, as long as they give appropriate credit to the original creator(s).