cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125939
title: Supplementary Material for: The Role of Physical Activity in Chronic Kidney Disease in the Presence of Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Although the effect of exercise on health is well established, nephrologists seldom consider physical activity in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or CKD in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM/CKD). The aim of the present study was to analyze the benefits of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in DM/CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 445,075 adult participants who underwent a medical screening program between 1996 and 2008 were prospectively recruited. Of these, 7,863 DM/CKD subjects were identified. Each participant was categorized according to LTPA level (a product of duration and intensity) as inactive, low-active or fully active. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality risk were calculated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fully active LTPA was associated with lower odds of DM/CKD development and lower risk of mortality among patients with DM/CKD in a dose-response relationship. The fully active and low-active DM/CKD groups had a 26% (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.85) and 13% (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.01) lower risk of all-cause mortality, respectively, in comparison to the inactive group. The association of exercise with mortality rate reduction was more pronounced among DM/CKD subjects (mortality rate reduction of 446.5 per 100,000 person-years) than among subjects with diabetes alone or CKD alone. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Exercise, at the recommended level or more, is associated not only with lower odds of DM/CKD but also with a 26% lower mortality risk among DM/CKD patients. Nephrologists should encourage all DM/CKD subjects to be physically active.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125933
title: Supplementary Material for: Multiple Breath Washout Is Feasible in the Clinical Setting and Detects Abnormal Lung Function in Infants and Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease starts in the first months of life often before the onset of clinical symptoms. Multiple breath washout (MBW) detects abnormal lung function in infants and young children in the laboratory setting. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of MBW in 0- to 4-year-old children with CF and non-CF controls in the clinical setting. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fourteen children with CF (mean age 1.3 ± 1.0 years) and 26 age-matched non-CF controls were sedated with chloral hydrate and MBW was performed with sulfur hexafluoride. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MBW measurements were successful in 27 of 40 children (67.5%). The mean lung clearance index (LCI) was significantly higher in CF patients compared to non-CF controls (p = 0.006). Further, the frequency of elevated LCI (z-score &gt;1.96) was significantly increased in CF patients compared to controls (p = 0.0003). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We conclude that MBW is feasible and sensitive to detect abnormal lung function in infants and young children with CF in the clinical setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125936
title: Supplementary Material for: Semantic Features of ‘Stepped' versus ‘Continuous' Contours in German Intonation

description: This study analyses the meaning spaces of German pitch contours using two modes of melodic movement: continuous or in steps of sustained pitch. Both the continuous and stepped movements are represented by a set of five basic patterns, the latter being derived from the former. Thirty-six German native speakers judged the pattern sets on a 12-scale semantic differential. The semantic profiles confirm that stepped contours can be conceived of as stylized intonation, in a formal as well as in a functional sense. On the one hand, continuous (non-stylized) and stepped (stylized) contours are assigned different overall meanings (especially on the scales astonished - commonplace and interested - not interested). On the other hand, listeners organize the two contour sets in a similar fashion, which speaks in favour of parallel pattern inventories of continuous and stepped movement, respectively. However, the meaning space of the stylized patterns is affected by formal restrictions, for instance in the step transformation of continuous rises.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125942.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Multiplicity of Risk Factors in Ischemic Stroke Patients: Relations to Age, Sex, and Subtype - A Study of 2,505 Patients from the Lund Stroke Register

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The prevalence of risk factors for ischemic stroke may vary between different groups of stroke patients. We examined the distribution of individual well-established risk factors as well as the multiplicity of risk factors in different age groups and among subtypes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the Lund Stroke Register, we consecutively enrolled 2,505 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke from 2001 to 2009 and registered hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, current smoking, hypercholesterolemia as well as stroke subtype. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among young patients (&lt;55 years), at least 50% had ≥2 risk factors and 20-25% had ≥3 risk factors. In patients aged 55 years or older, the proportion with ≥2 risk factors was 70-80% and with ≥3 risk factors 35-45%. Men and women had a similar burden of risk factors. Approximately 50% of the cases classified as cardioembolism (CE) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) had ≥3 risk factors, which was significantly more than the other TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) subtypes (CE p &lt; 0.001, LAA p = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The prevalence of well-established risk factors is similar among young and old stroke patients with large proportions (50-80%) having ≥2 risk factors. Even though the prevalence of well-established risk factors differs between pathogenetic subtypes, these risk factors as well as the multiplicity of risk factors seem to be of clinical importance in all major subtypes of ischemic stroke.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125927
title: Supplementary Material for: Cost Analysis of an Intravenous to Subcutaneous Epoetin α Conversion

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> A cost analysis of a conversion from intravenous (IV) to subcutaneous (SC) epoetin α in patients receiving chronic in-center hemodialysis (HD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective analysis compared epoetin α drug costs during a 6-month period of IV usage (July to December 2010, period 1) to a 6-month period of SC usage (July to December 2011, period 2) in four large in-center HD units. Data were collected from quarterly counts of HD patients receiving epoetin α and monthly inventory billing records. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 622 HD patients who received IV epoetin α (period 1) were compared to 609 HD patients who received SC epoetin α (period 2). A 12.6% decrease in dose was observed. The average weekly cost of epoetin α was USD 173.02 per patient during the IV period versus USD 151.20 per patient during the SC period. This equated to a yearly cost savings of USD 1,135 per patient with SC epoetin α. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The switch from IV to SC epoetin α was successfully implemented in all four centers and realized significant cost savings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125930
title: Supplementary Material for: Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolutionary Dynamics of the Sex Determination Genes <b><i>doublesex</i></b> and <b><i>transformer</i></b> in Insects

description: Sex determination in insects is characterized by a gene cascade that is conserved at the bottom but contains diverse primary signals at the top. The bottom master switch gene <i>doublesex</i> is found in all insects. Its upstream regulator <i>transformer</i> is present in the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, but has thus far not been found in Lepidoptera and in the basal lineages of Diptera. <i>transformer</i> is presumed to be ancestral to the holometabolous insects based on its shared domains and conserved features of autoregulation and sex-specific splicing. We interpret that its absence in basal lineages of Diptera and its order-specific conserved domains indicate multiple independent losses or recruitments into the sex determination cascade. Duplications of <i>transformer</i> are found in derived families within the Hymenoptera, characterized by their complementary sex determination mechanism. As duplications are not found in any other insect order, they appear linked to the haplodiploid reproduction of the Hymenoptera. Further phylogenetic analyses combined with functional studies are needed to understand the evolutionary history of the <i>transformer</i> gene among insects.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125924
title: Supplementary Material for: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Surgery in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have a high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after lung resection, but there is little data about these complications in ILD after other types of surgery. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and predictors of PPCs after major surgery in patients with ILD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included 336 patients with ILD who underwent major surgery between January 2005 and December 2010 at two tertiary hospitals in Korea. All types of surgery that had been performed under general anesthesia were included. Demographic characteristics, preoperative lung function, and operative conditions including anesthesia time and estimated blood loss were compared between patients with and without PPCs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PPCs occurred in 37 patients (11%). Thirteen patients developed pneumonia, the most common PPC, and 11 had acute exacerbation of ILD. In multivariable analysis, BMI &lt;23 (OR = 2.488, 95% CI: 1.084-5.710, p = 0.031), emergency surgery (OR = 23.992, 95% CI: 2.629-218.949, p = 0.005), lung surgery (OR = 5.090, 95% CI: 1.391-18.628, p = 0.014), and longer anesthesia time (OR = 1.595, 95% CI: 1.143-2.227, p = 0.006) were statistically significant risk factors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The incidence of PPCs detected over all surgeries was not as high as that reported for lung surgery alone in ILD patients. Lower BMI, emergency surgery, lung surgery, and longer anesthesia time were risk factors. Operative conditions as well as lung function should be considered in preoperative planning and management for ILD patients undergoing major surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125933.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Multiple Breath Washout Is Feasible in the Clinical Setting and Detects Abnormal Lung Function in Infants and Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease starts in the first months of life often before the onset of clinical symptoms. Multiple breath washout (MBW) detects abnormal lung function in infants and young children in the laboratory setting. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of MBW in 0- to 4-year-old children with CF and non-CF controls in the clinical setting. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fourteen children with CF (mean age 1.3 ± 1.0 years) and 26 age-matched non-CF controls were sedated with chloral hydrate and MBW was performed with sulfur hexafluoride. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MBW measurements were successful in 27 of 40 children (67.5%). The mean lung clearance index (LCI) was significantly higher in CF patients compared to non-CF controls (p = 0.006). Further, the frequency of elevated LCI (z-score &gt;1.96) was significantly increased in CF patients compared to controls (p = 0.0003). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We conclude that MBW is feasible and sensitive to detect abnormal lung function in infants and young children with CF in the clinical setting.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125918
title: Supplementary Material for: Trends of the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke Thrombolysis over Seven Years and One-Year Outcome: A Population-Based Study in Joinville, Brazil

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> In a population-based setting, we aimed to measure the incidence trends of ischemic stroke (IS) thrombolysis, thrombolysis times, proportion of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), 30-day case fatality and functional outcomes. We also compared the 12-month functional status between thrombolyzed and nonthrombolyzed patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using data from the Joinville Population-Based Stroke Registry, we prospectively ascertained a cohort of all thrombolyses done in Joinville citizens, Southern Brazil, from 2005 to 2011. For the definition of sICH we used European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) II criteria. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Over 7 years, 6% (220/3,552) of all IS were thrombolyzed. The thrombolysis incidence increased from 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-2.9] in 2005 to 9.8 (7.3-12.9) per 100,000 population in 2011 (p &lt; 0.0001). The thrombolysis incidence age-adjusted to the world population in 2011 was 11 (8.2-14.3) per 100,000. Only 30% (50/165) were thrombolyzed within 1 h of arrival at hospital. In 7 days, 6.4% (14/220) had sICH and 57% (8/14) of those died. In the 2009-2011 period, a favorable functional outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-1] at 12 months among patients who received thrombolysis was more frequent [mRS 0-1; 36% (38/107)] than among patients who did not receive thrombolysis [mRS 0-1; 24% (131/544); p = 0.016]. The logistic regression showed that thrombolyzed IS patients had a more favorable outcome (mRS 0-1; HR 2.13; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7; p &lt; 0.016) than nonthrombolyzed patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In a population setting of a middle income country, the thrombolysis incidence and outcomes were similar to those of other well-structured services. After 1 year, patients thrombolyzed in the 4.5-hour time window had a better outcome. More than proportions, rates provide additional information and could be used to benchmark services against others.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125921
title: Supplementary Material for: Processing of Laminin α Chains Generates Peptides Involved in Wound Healing and Host Defense

description: Laminins play a fundamental role in basement membrane architecture and function in human skin. The C-terminal laminin G domain-like (LG) modules of laminin α chains are modified by proteolysis to generate LG1-3 and secreted LG4-5 tandem modules. In this study, we provide evidence that skin-derived cells process and secrete biologically active peptides from the LG4-5 module of the laminin α3, α4 and α5 chain in vitro and in vivo. We show enhanced expression and processing of the LG4-5 module of laminin α3 in keratinocytes after infection and in chronic wounds in which the level of expression and further processing of the LG4-5 module correlated with the speed of wound healing. Furthermore, bacterial or host-derived proteases promote processing of laminin α3 LG4-5. On a functional level, we show that LG4-5-derived peptides play a role in wound healing. Moreover, we demonstrate that LG4-derived peptides from the α3, α4 and α5 chains have broad antimicrobial activity and possess strong chemotactic activity to mononuclear cells. Thus, the data strongly suggest a novel multifunctional role for laminin LG4-5-derived peptides in human skin and its involvement in physiological processes and pathological conditions such as inflammation, chronic wounds and skin infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125912
title: Supplementary Material for: The Frequency and Prognostic Impact of Fever Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study sought<b> </b>to explore the frequency and prognostic implications of infectious and noninfectious fever following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective cohort study including 194 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI at our institution. We identified and characterized all patients who developed fever within the first 72 h following the procedure. We determined the etiology of the fevers (infectious vs. noninfectious) and assessed their impact on in-hospital complications and 1-year mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following TAVI,<b> </b>65 (33.5%) patients had fever (mean age 83.7 ± 3.8 years, 70.2% female). An infectious etiology was evident in only 17 of the 65 patients (26.1%) with fever, mainly due to pneumonia (52.9%) and a urinary tract infection (41.2%). No significant difference was observed in baseline characteristics, the mean fever temperature/duration, or signs of inflammatory response between infectious and noninfectious fevers. The mean hospital duration was longer (7 ± 4.8 days vs. 4.7 ± 2.4 days, p = 0.01) among patients with an infectious fever; however, fever had no impact on the 1-year mortality rate (5.9 and 4.5%, respectively, p = 0.71). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study demonstrates that, although fever was a common phenomenon after TAVI, it represented an infectious complication only in a minority of cases. Nevertheless, fever, infectious or not, had no impact on the 1-year mortality rate following TAVI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125921.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Processing of Laminin α Chains Generates Peptides Involved in Wound Healing and Host Defense

description: Laminins play a fundamental role in basement membrane architecture and function in human skin. The C-terminal laminin G domain-like (LG) modules of laminin α chains are modified by proteolysis to generate LG1-3 and secreted LG4-5 tandem modules. In this study, we provide evidence that skin-derived cells process and secrete biologically active peptides from the LG4-5 module of the laminin α3, α4 and α5 chain in vitro and in vivo. We show enhanced expression and processing of the LG4-5 module of laminin α3 in keratinocytes after infection and in chronic wounds in which the level of expression and further processing of the LG4-5 module correlated with the speed of wound healing. Furthermore, bacterial or host-derived proteases promote processing of laminin α3 LG4-5. On a functional level, we show that LG4-5-derived peptides play a role in wound healing. Moreover, we demonstrate that LG4-derived peptides from the α3, α4 and α5 chains have broad antimicrobial activity and possess strong chemotactic activity to mononuclear cells. Thus, the data strongly suggest a novel multifunctional role for laminin LG4-5-derived peptides in human skin and its involvement in physiological processes and pathological conditions such as inflammation, chronic wounds and skin infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125906
title: Supplementary Material for: Spektrum der störungsspezifischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlungsansätze bei depressiven Störungen

description: In der Diskussion um eine moderne Psychotherapie wird zunehmend eine „störungsspezifische Psychotherapie“ gefordert. Diesbezüglich gilt für die Verhaltenstherapie, dass es nicht nur für jede der vielen psychischen Störungen eigene Erklärungsmodelle und Interventionsmöglichkeiten gibt, sondern dass es auch für jede einzelne Störung gleich mehrere Alternativen gibt. Eine störungsspezifische Psychotherapie bedeutet nicht, dass sich aus der Diagnose alleine schon eine störungsspezifische Psychotherapie ableiten ließe, sondern es bedarf in jedem Einzelfall eines patientenspezifischen Störungsmodells und patientenspezifischer Interventionen. Heuristisch leitend müssen dabei die im Rahmen der Verhaltenstherapie über die Jahrzehnte entwickelten evidenzbasierten Störungskonzepte sein. Am Beispiel der depressiven Störung wird eine Übersicht über wichtige unterschiedliche Störungskonzepte und die daraus abgeleiteten Behandlungsmethoden gegeben, d.h. Reinforcer-Modelle, Coping-Modelle, kognitive Modelle, Emotionsmodelle und integrative verhaltenstherapeutische Modelle. Es wird dargestellt, wie diese Theorie- und Behandlungskonzepte auf den einzelnen Fall mittels Verhaltensanalyse zu übertragen sind.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125909
title: Supplementary Material for: Exploring Clinician Confidence in the Management of Adolescent Menstrual and Reproductive Health Problems

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> A high incidence of menstrual problems is reported in adolescent girls, with significant attendant morbidity. The majority are likely to be seen and managed by doctors other than specialist gynaecologists. This study aimed to survey the practice of doctors other than gynaecologists, to establish their chosen therapeutic options and confidence levels and to explore knowledge, using clinically challenging scenarios. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A questionnaire designed to fulfil the above aims was distributed to a wide range of clinicians across paediatric disciplines and primary care. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The questionnaire was returned by 306 clinicians. General practitioners and paediatric endocrinologists were more confident in management and were more likely to self-manage patients (p &lt; 0.01). The oral contraceptive pill was the most frequently chosen first-line therapy by all clinicians, followed by transdermal oestrogen/progesterone, etonorgestrel implant, progesterone-only pills, levonorgestrel-intrauterine system and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injections. General, community and subspecialist paediatricians were more likely to choose suboptimal management strategies for each of five clinical scenarios. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Low confidence levels, suboptimal therapy choices and high referral rates are common among general paediatricians, community paediatricians and subspecialists for adolescents with menstrual and reproductive health concerns. Targeted education for these clinician groups, towards optimizing management for these patients, would enhance care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125909.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Exploring Clinician Confidence in the Management of Adolescent Menstrual and Reproductive Health Problems

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> A high incidence of menstrual problems is reported in adolescent girls, with significant attendant morbidity. The majority are likely to be seen and managed by doctors other than specialist gynaecologists. This study aimed to survey the practice of doctors other than gynaecologists, to establish their chosen therapeutic options and confidence levels and to explore knowledge, using clinically challenging scenarios. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A questionnaire designed to fulfil the above aims was distributed to a wide range of clinicians across paediatric disciplines and primary care. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The questionnaire was returned by 306 clinicians. General practitioners and paediatric endocrinologists were more confident in management and were more likely to self-manage patients (p &lt; 0.01). The oral contraceptive pill was the most frequently chosen first-line therapy by all clinicians, followed by transdermal oestrogen/progesterone, etonorgestrel implant, progesterone-only pills, levonorgestrel-intrauterine system and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injections. General, community and subspecialist paediatricians were more likely to choose suboptimal management strategies for each of five clinical scenarios. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Low confidence levels, suboptimal therapy choices and high referral rates are common among general paediatricians, community paediatricians and subspecialists for adolescents with menstrual and reproductive health concerns. Targeted education for these clinician groups, towards optimizing management for these patients, would enhance care.