DOI: 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-1567
title: Ældres kost og helbred, 1988-1990 (Roskildeundersøgelsen)
title: Dietary Habits and Health of the Elderly in Roskilde, 1988-1990

description: I stigende grad erkendes det, at ældres helbred afhænger af deres levekår og livsstil. I løbet af de sidste 30 år er de ældres (60 år og derover) andel i befolkningen steget fra 15 til 20 pct. Det har øget den samfundsmæssige interesse i at styrke faktorer, der fremmer ældres mulighed for at bevare et godt helbred langt op i årene. Der mangler dog i dag tilstrækkelig viden om, hvilken betydning de enkelte faktorer har for ældres helbred. Med den baggrund blev der i 1988-89 iværksat en undersøgelse af ældres helbred, levekår og livsstil - specielt med fokus på deres kost.
        
        Den aktuelle undersøgelses mål var:
      
            
        1) At beskrive ældres kost og vurdere, om helbredsmæssige og
        
        sociale forskelle har indflydelse på ældres kostvaner.
        
        2) At udvikle en nøjagtig metode til at beskrive ældres kost,
        
        herunder at vurdere metodens pålidelighed.
        
        3) At undersøge og beskrive ældres sundhedsadfærd.
      
            
        Den beskrivende undersøgelse, som nærværende beskrivelse gør rede for, har - som planlagt - været udgangspunkt for en opfølgende undersøgelse, hvortil dataindsamlingen har fundet sted i tidsrummet 1. november 1990 til 25. maj 1991. (Dette datamateriale omfatter 270 helbredsvariable for 202 individer). Undersøgelsen indgår i en europæisk undersøgelse af ældres kost, livsstil og helbred under EF''s Lægevidenskabelige Forskningsråds epidemiologisektion (COMAC/EPID).
        
        Formålet med denne undersøgelse er altså at beskrive kost og helbred blandt 70-75 årige mænd og kvinder. 435 tilfældigt udvalgte mænd og kvinder født i perioden 1. januar 1913 til 31. december 1918 og med bopæl i Roskilde Kommune blev i efteråret 1988 skriftligt indbudt til at deltage i en kost- og helbredsundersøgelse. I alt 202 deltog aktivt i undersøgelsen.
        
        Dataindsamlingen foregik ved tre besøg i deltagernes hjem. Ved det første besøg gennemførtes et interview om sociale forhold, livsstil og helbred. Deltagerne blev anmodet om og instrueret i at føre kostdagbog i tre dage (to hverdage og en weekenddag). Ved det andet besøg blev deltagerne spurgt om deres sædvanlige kost. Mængder af hyppigt spiste levnedsmidler (fx brød og fedtstof på brød) blev afmålt og vejet på digitalvægt i deltagernes køkken. Endvidere blev der foretaget måling af bl.a. højde og vægt samt udtaget blodprøve.
        
        Kostinterviewets styrke m.h.t. at belyse kosten blev analyseret og fundet tilfredsstillende, når resultaterne fra kostinterviewet sammenlignedes med beskrivelsen i kostdagbøgerne.
        
        Indtagelsen af næringsstoffer blev beregnet på det edb-baserede kostberegningsprogram Dankost.
        
        Undersøgelsen indgår i et EF-projekt, som nu er blevet døbt ''EuroNut: SENECA-study'
description: In recent years epidemiologists and other medical researchers have become increasingly interested in the effects that diet may have on health and disease, and it has been acknowledged that the health of the elderly is influenced by their living conditions and life style. During the last 30 years the proportion of old people (aged 60 or more) of the total population has increased from 15 to 20 per cent. This had led to an increased interest on the part of society in taking a number of positive actions which will help to extend the period of good health and function far into old age. However, sufficient knowledge is not available as regards the influence of various factors on the health of the elderly. Therefore a survey was initiated in 1988-89 with the purpose of examining the health, living conditions and life style of old people - with special emphasis on dietary habits.     #  The main purposes of this survey were:     #     #1) To describe the dietary habits of old people and to assess     #   whether differences as regards health and social conditions     #   influence the dietary habits of old people.     #2) To develop an exact method for the measuring of old     #   people's dietary habits, including an evaluation of the     #   validity of the method.     #3) To examine and describe old people's health behaviour.     #     #The descriptive survey which is mentioned here has, as planned, formed the basis of a follow-up survey for which the data collection took place in the period 1 November, 1990 to 25 May, 1991. (This data material comprises 270 health variables for 202 respondents). The survey forms part of a European survey of dietary habits, life style and health of the elderly under the Epidemiology Committee of the EC's Medical Research Council (COMAC/EPID).     #  The purpose of this survey is to examine dietary habits and health of 70 to 75-year-old men and women. 435 men and women born between 1 January, 1913 and 31 December, 1918 and living in the municipality of Roskilde were selected at random and were invited to participate in a survey on dietary habits and health. A total of 202 persons participated in the survey.     #  The interviewing took place at three visits in the participants' homes. During the first visit an interview was carried out about social conditions, life style and health. The participants were asked to and informed about how to carry out a 3-day food record (two weekdays and one weekend day). At the second visit the participants were asked about their usual dietary habits. The most common food items and/or dishes (e.g. a slice of bread with and without butter) were measured and weighed on a calibrated digital weight in the participant's kitchen. In addition, height and weight were measured and a blood sample was taken.     #  The ability of the dietary interviews as regards examining the dietary habits was analysed and found satisfactory when the results of the interviews were compared with the descriptions of the diet records.     #  All dietary data were coded and converted into energy and nutrients by means of the computer program Dankost.     #  The survey forms part of an EC-project entitled 'EuroNut: SENECA-study'
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