cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.09hh050
title: Data from: Integrated biomarker responses of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis via hydrological processes from Lake Poyang, China

description: Vallisneria spirals (V. spiralis) was used to reveal how the light
 intensity at the top of the plant, plant morphology, and antioxidant
 enzyme activity respond to different hydrologic conditions from Lake
 Poyang, China. By designing a laboratory experiment simulating historical
 water levels of low, normal, and high wetland plant submersion, this study
 aimed to elucidate the effects of different levels of flooding on growth
 and antioxidant enzyme activity for V. spiralis. The results showed that
 the plant crown light intensity of the treated group and control group
 first decreased and then increased along with the seasonal variation of
 the water level. The maximum and minimum values of the plant crown light
 intensity were observed in April and July, respectively. Similar to the
 control group, V. spiralis from the normal and low water level groups was
 measured and had higher plant height growth in the flooding period from
 May to June, and the entire plant biomass also showed a steady growth
 trend in the same period. However, the plant growth of the high water
 level group was lower during the whole simulation period, with negative
 growth in July. Antioxidant enzyme activities changed with the seasonal
 temperature, and the activity of the control group showed a rising trend.
 Compared with those of the control group, the antioxidant enzyme
 activities of the high water level group showed a “bell shaped” trend,
 which was first significantly induced and then significantly inhibited. In
 addition, the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities from the low
 water level group in April were also significantly induced. The IBR index
 showed that a comprehensive biological index could well reflect the
 effects of seasonal water levels in Poyang Lake on the growth of the
 wetland plant V. spiralis. This study indicated that high flooding levels
 had the strongest negative effect on the growth and enzyme activity of the
 submerged plant V. spirals.
description: process
 dataData_English
 Version.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.50dr8
title: Data from: Cope’s rule and the universal scaling law of ornament complexity

description: Luxuriant, bushy antlers, bizarre crests, and huge, twisting horns and
 tusks are conventionally understood as products of sexual selection. This
 view stems from both direct observation and from the empirical finding
 that the size of these structures grows faster than body size (i.e.,
 ornament size shows positive allometry). We contend that the familiar
 evolutionary increase in the complexity of ornaments over time in many
 animal clades is decoupled from ornament size evolution. Increased body
 size comes with extended growth. Since growth scales to the quarter power
 of body size, we predicted that ornament complexity should scale according
 to the quarter power law as well, irrespective of the role of sexual
 selection in the evolution and function of the ornament. To test this
 hypothesis, we selected three clades (ammonites, deer, and ceratopsian
 dinosaurs) whose species bore ornaments that differ in terms of the
 importance of sexual selection to their evolution. We found that the
 exponent of the regression of ornament complexity to body size is the same
 for the three groups and is statistically indistinguishable from 0.25. We
 suggest that the evolution of ornament complexity is a by-product of
 Cope’s rule. We argue that although sexual selection may control size in
 most ornaments, it does not influence their shape.
description: Appendix
 BRaw
 data and sources
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pm86h
title: Data from: Sex-specific density-dependent secretion of glucocorticoids in lizards: insights from laboratory and field experiments

description: Negative density feedbacks have been extensively described in animal
 species and involve both consumptive (i.e. trophic interactions) and
 non-consumptive (i.e. social interactions) mechanisms. Glucocorticoids are
 a major component of the physiological stress response and homeostasis,
 and therefore make a good candidate for proximate determinants of negative
 density feedbacks. Here, we combined laboratory and field experiments with
 enclosed populations to investigate the relationship between density,
 social stress and plasma corticosterone levels in the common lizard
 Zootoca vivipara. This species exhibits strong negative density feedbacks
 that affect females more than males, and its life history is sensitive to
 experimentally-induced chronic elevation of corticosterone plasma levels.
 We found that prolonged crowding in the laboratory can trigger a chronic
 secretion of corticosterone independent from food restriction. In the
 field experiments, corticosterone levels of females were not affected by
 population density. Corticosterone levels of males increased with
 population density but only during the late activity season in a first
 field experiment where we manipulated density. They also increased with
 density during the mating season but only in populations with a
 female-biased sex ratio in a second field experiment where we crossed
 manipulated density and adult sex ratio. Altogether, our results provide
 limited evidence for a role of basal corticosterone secretion in density
 feedbacks in this species. Context and density-dependent effects in males
 may arise from changes in behavior caused by competition for resources,
 male–male competition, and mating.
description: StressResponseData_Mugabo-etal2017_oik.03701This excel file contains one data sheet for each of the 4 experiments presented in the publication and 2 extra data sheets including the data used to estimate the intra-plate and inter-plate repeatabilities of plasma corticosterone measurements.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tc1q
title: Data from: Lineage fusion in Galápagos giant tortoises

description: Although many classic radiations on islands are thought to be the result
 of repeated lineage splitting, the role of past fusion is rarely known
 because during these events, purebreds are rapidly replaced by a swarm of
 admixed individuals. Here we capture lineage fusion in action in a
 Galápagos giant tortoise species, Chelonoidis becki, from Wolf Volcano
 (Isabela Island). The long generation time of Galápagos tortoises and
 dense sampling (841 individuals) of genetic and demographic data were
 integral in detecting and characterizing this phenomenon. In C. becki we
 identified two genetically distinct, morphologically cryptic lineages.
 Historical reconstructions show that they colonized Wolf Volcano from
 Santiago Island in two temporally separated events, the first estimated to
 have occurred ~199 thousand years ago (KYA). Following arrival of the
 second wave of colonists, both lineages co-existed for approximately ~53
 KY. Within that time they began fusing back together, as microsatellite
 data reveal widespread introgressive hybridization. Interestingly, greater
 mate selectivity seems to be exhibited by purebred females of one of the
 lineages. Forward-in-time simulations predict rapid extinction of the
 early arriving lineage. This study provides a rare example of reticulate
 evolution in action, and underscores the power of population genetics for
 understanding the past, present, and future consequences of evolutionary
 phenomena associated with lineage fusion.
description: Garrick_etal_2014MEC_Dryad_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n9v18
title: Data from: Social learning of fear and safety is determined by the demonstrator’s racial group

description: Social learning offers an efficient route through which humans and other
 animals learn about potential dangers in the environment. Such learning
 inherently relies on the transmission of social information and should
 imply selectivity in what to learn from whom. Here, we conducted two
 observational learning experiments to assess how humans learn about danger
 and safety from members (‘demonstrators’) of another social group than
 their own. We show that both fear and safety learning from a racial
 in-group demonstrator was more potent than learning from a racial
 out-group demonstrator.
description: Vic_Race_Experiment1Experiment1.csvVic-Race_Ext_Experiment2Experiment2.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.42075m1
title: Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of Urochloa grass accessions from Tanzania using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

description: Urochloa (syn.—Brachiaria s.s.) is one of the most important tropical
 forages that transformed livestock industries in Australia and South
 America. Farmers in Africa are increasingly interested in growing Urochloa
 to support the burgeoning livestock business, but the lack of cultivars
 adapted to African environments has been a major challenge. Therefore,
 this study examines genetic diversity of Tanzanian Urochloa accessions to
 provide essential information for establishing a Urochloa breeding program
 in Africa. A total of 36 historical Urochloa accessions initially
 collected from Tanzania in 1985 were analyzed for genetic variation using
 24 SSR markers along with six South American commercial cultivars. These
 markers detected 407 alleles in the 36 Tanzania accessions and 6
 commercial cultivars. Markers were highly informative with an average
 polymorphic information content of 0.79. The analysis of molecular
 variance revealed high genetic variation within individual accessions in a
 species (92%), fixation index of 0.05 and gene flow estimate of 4.77
 showed a low genetic differentiation and a high level of gene flow among
 populations. An unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the 36 accessions
 and six commercial cultivars into three main clusters. The clustering of
 test accessions did not follow geographical origin. Similarly, population
 structure analysis grouped the 42 tested genotypes into three major gene
 pools. The results showed the Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf
 population has the highest genetic diversity (I = 0.94) with high utility
 in the Urochloa breeding and conservation program. As the Urochloa
 accessions analyzed in this study represented only 3 of 31 regions of
 Tanzania, further collection and characterization of materials from wider
 geographical areas are necessary to comprehend the whole Urochloa
 diversity in Tanzania.
description: GenAIEx data_working
 file_Kuwi, S.OThe leaf samples were
 originally collected from natural population in
 Tanzania
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5r07
title: Data from: Long-term disturbance dynamics and resilience of tropical peat swamp forests

description: 1. The coastal peat swamp forests of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, are
 undergoing rapid conversion, predominantly into oil palm plantations. This
 wetland ecosystem is assumed to have experienced insignificant disturbance
 in the past, persisting under a single ecologically-stable regime.
 However, there is limited knowledge of the past disturbance regime,
 long-term functioning and fundamentally the resilience of this ecosystem
 to changing natural and anthropogenic perturbations through time. 2. In
 this study, long-term ecological data sets from three degraded peatlands
 in Sarawak were collected to shed light on peat swamp forest dynamics.
 Fossil pollen and charcoal were counted in each sedimentary sequence to
 reconstruct vegetation and investigate responses to past environmental
 disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic. 3. Results demonstrate that
 peat swamp forest taxa have dominated these vegetation profiles throughout
 the last c. 2000-year period despite the presence of various drivers of
 disturbance. Evidence for episodes of climatic variability, predominantly
 linked to ENSO events, and wildfires is present throughout. However, in
 the last c. 500 years, burning and indicators of human disturbance have
 elevated beyond past levels at these sites, concurrent with a reduction in
 peat swamp forest pollen. 4. Two key insights have been gained through
 this palaeoecological analysis: (i) peat swamp forest vegetation has
 demonstrated resilience to disturbance caused by burning and climatic
 variability in Sarawak in the late Holocene, however (ii) coincident with
 increased fire combined with human impact c. 500 years ago, these
 communities started to decline. 5. Synthesis. Sarawak's coastal peat
 swamps have demonstrated resilience to past natural disturbances, with
 forest vegetation persisting through episodes of fire and climatic
 variability. However, palaeoecological data presented here suggest that
 recent, anthropogenic disturbances are of a greater magnitude, causing the
 observed decline in the peat swamp forest communities in the last c. 500
 years and challenging the ecosystem's persistence. This study greatly
 extends our knowledge of the ecological functioning of these understudied
 ecosystems, providing baseline information on the past vegetation and its
 response to disturbance. This understanding is central to developing
 management strategies that foster resilience in the remaining peat swamp
 forests and ensure continued provision of services, namely carbon storage,
 from this globally important ecosystem.
description: Palaeoecological data
 for three peat coresTaxanomic data, i.e.
 fossil pollen (relative abundances) and spore types (counts), and micro-
 and macrocharcoal counts displayed in Figs. 2 and 3 of the associated
 paper.Cole_et_al._2014_JoE_Data_All_Sites.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d5h0b
title: Data from: Extensive variation, but not local adaptation in an Australian alpine daisy

description: Alpine plants often occupy diverse habitats within a similar elevation
 range, but most research on local adaptation in these plants has focused
 on elevation gradients. In testing for habitat-related local adaptation,
 local effects on seed quality and initial plant growth should be
 considered in designs that encompass multiple populations and habitats. We
 tested for local adaptation across alpine habitats in a morphologically
 variable daisy species, Brachyscome decipiens, in the Bogong High Plains
 in Victoria, Australia. We collected seed from different habitats,
 controlled for maternal effects through initial seed size estimates, and
 characterized seedling survival and growth in a field transplant
 experiment. We found little evidence for local adaptation for survival or
 plant size, based on three adaptation measures: Home versus Away, Local
 versus Foreign, and Sympatric versus Allopatric (SA). The SA measure
 controlled for planting site and population (site-of-origin) effects.
 There were significant differences due to site-of-origin and planting site
 effects. An important confounding factor was the size of plants directly
 after transplantation of seedlings, which had a large impact on subsequent
 seedling survival and growth. Initial differences in plant width and
 height influenced subsequent survival across the growing season but in
 opposing directions: wide plants had higher survival, but tall plants had
 lower survival. In an additional controlled garden experiment at
 Cranbourne Royal Botanic Gardens, site-of-origin effects detected in the
 field experiments disappeared under more benign homogeneous conditions.
 Although B. decipiens from different source areas varied significantly
 when grown across a range of alpine habitats, these differences did not
 translate into a local or habitat-related fitness advantage. This lack of
 local advantage may signal weak past selection, and/or weak adaptive
 transgeneration (plasticity) effects.
description: ECOEVOL_DATA_HIRSTsurvey data, and experimental data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v4192
title: Data from: Genetic and epigenetic divergence between disturbed and undisturbed subpopulations of a Mediterranean shrub: a 20-year field experiment

description: Little is known on the potential of ecological disturbance to cause
 genetic and epigenetic changes in plant populations. We take advantage of
 a long-term field experiment initiated in 1986 to study the demography of
 the shrub Lavandula latifolia, and compare genetic and epigenetic
 characteristics of plants in two adjacent subplots, one experimentally
 disturbed and one left undisturbed, 20 years after disturbance.
 Experimental setup was comparable to an unreplicated
 ‘Before-After-Control-Impact’ (BACI) design where a single pair of
 perturbed and control areas were compared. When sampled in 2005, plants in
 the two subplots had roughly similar ages, but they had established in
 contrasting environments: dense conspecific population (‘Undisturbed’
 subpopulation) versus open area with all conspecifics removed (‘Disturbed’
 subpopulation). Plants were characterized genetically and epigenetically
 using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and two classes of
 methylation-sensitive AFLP (MSAP) markers. Subpopulations were similar in
 genetic diversity but differed in epigenetic diversity and multilocus
 genetic and epigenetic characteristics. Epigenetic divergence between
 subpopulations was statistically unrelated to genetic divergence. Bayesian
 clustering revealed an abrupt linear boundary between subpopulations
 closely coincident with the arbitrary demarcation line between subplots
 drawn 20 years back, which supports that genetic and epigenetic divergence
 between subpopulations was caused by artificial disturbance. There was
 significant fine-scale spatial structuring of MSAP markers in both
 subpopulations, which in the Undisturbed one was indistinguishable from
 that of AFLP markers. Genetic differences between subpopulations could be
 explained by divergent selection alone, while the concerted action of
 divergent selection and disturbance-driven appearance of new methylation
 variants in the Disturbed subpopulation is proposed to explain epigenetic
 differences. This study provides the first empirical evidence to date
 suggesting that relatively mild disturbances could leave genetic and
 epigenetic signatures on the next adult generation of long-lived plants.
description: AFLP profiles for the
 plants of Lavandula latifolia sampled for the studyMarkers are identified
 by primer combination and size (base pairs)AFLP.scores.xlsxMSAP profiles for the plants of Lavandula latifolia sampled for the studyMarkers are identified by primer combination and size (base pairs).MSAP.scores.xlsxSpatial coordinates of Lavandula latifolia plants sampled for the studyCoordinates are expressed in meters and the origin (0,0) is the lower left corner of the plot as depicted in the figures.Plant.coordinates.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r0v35
title: Data from: Incidence and fatality of serious suicide attempts in a predominantly rural population in Shandong, China: a public health surveillance study

description: Objectives: To estimate the incidence of serious suicide attempts (SSAs,
 defined as suicide attempts resulting in either death or hospitalisation)
 and to examine factors associated with fatality among these attempters.
 Design: A surveillance study of incidence and mortality. Linked data from
 two public health surveillance systems were analysed. Setting: Three
 selected counties in Shandong, China. Participants: All residents in the
 three selected counties. Outcome: measures Incidence rate (per 100 000
 person-years) and case fatality rate (%). Methods: Records of suicide
 deaths and hospitalisations that occurred among residents in selected
 counties during 2009–2011 (5 623 323 person-years) were extracted from
 electronic databases of the Disease Surveillance Points (DSP) system and
 the Injury Surveillance System (ISS) and were linked by name, sex,
 residence and time of suicide attempt. A multiple logistic regression
 model was developed to examine the factors associated with a higher or
 lower fatality rate. Results: The incidence of SSAs was estimated to be 46
 (95% CI 44 to 48) per 100 000 person-years, which was 1.5 times higher in
 rural versus urban areas, slightly higher among females, and increased
 with age. Among all SSAs, 51% were hospitalised and survived, 9% were
 hospitalised but later died and 40% died with no hospitalisation. Most
 suicide deaths (81%) were not hospitalised and most hospitalised SSAs
 (85%) survived. The fatality rate was 49% overall, but was significantly
 higher among attempters living in rural areas, who were male, older, with
 lower education or with a farming occupation. With regard to the method of
 suicide, fatality was lowest for non-pesticide poisons (7%) and highest
 for hanging (97%). Conclusions: The incidence of serious suicide attempts
 is substantially higher in rural areas than in urban areas of China. The
 risk of death is influenced by the attempter's sex, age, education
 level, occupation, method used and season of year.
description: suicide attempt
 data_2
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h16ss
title: Data from: Stream hierarchy defines riverscape genetics of a North American desert fish

description: Global climate change is apparent within the Arctic and the south-western
 deserts of North America, with record drought in the latter reflected
 within 640 000 km2 of the Colorado River Basin. To discern the manner by
 which natural and anthropogenic drivers have compressed Basin-wide fish
 biodiversity, and to establish a baseline for future climate effects, the
 Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) was employed to juxtapose fluvial topography
 against molecular diversities of 1092 Bluehead Sucker (Catostomus
 discobolus). MtDNA revealed three geomorphically defined evolutionarily
 significant units (ESUs): Bonneville Basin, upper Little Colorado River
 and the remaining Colorado River Basin. Microsatellite analyses (16 loci)
 reinforced distinctiveness of the Bonneville Basin and upper Little
 Colorado River, but subdivided the Colorado River Basin into seven
 management units (MUs). One represents a cline of three admixed gene pools
 comprising the mainstem and its lower-gradient tributaries. Six others are
 not only distinct genetically but also demographically (i.e.
 migrants/generation &lt;9.7%). Two of these (i.e. Grand Canyon and
 Canyon de Chelly) are defined by geomorphology, two others (i.e.
 Fremont-Muddy and San Raphael rivers) are isolated by sharp declivities as
 they drop precipitously from the west slope into the mainstem
 Colorado/Green rivers, another represents an isolated impoundment (i.e.
 Ringdahl Reservoir), while the last corresponds to a recognized subspecies
 (i.e. Zuni River, NM). Historical legacies of endemic fishes (ESUs) and
 their evolutionary potential (MUs) are clearly represented in our data,
 yet their arbiter will be the unrelenting natural and anthropogenic water
 depletions that will precipitate yet another conservation conflict within
 this unique but arid region.
description: data-MolEcol-2803511MEC-12-0681.R1Data file for manuscript MolEcol-2803511MEC-12-0681.R1