cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wfw
title: Data from: Biogeography of curimatid fishes reveals multiple lowland-upland river transitions and differential diversification in the Neotropics (Teleostei, Curimatidae)

description: The Neotropics harbors a megadiverse ichthyofauna comprising over
 6300 species with approximately 80% in just three taxonomic
 orders within the clade Characiphysi. This highly diverse group has
 evolved in tropical South America over tens to hundreds of millions of
 years influenced mostly by re‐arrangements of river drainages in lowland
 and upland systems. In this study, we investigate patterns of spatial
 diversification in Neotropical freshwater fishes in the family
 Curimatidae, a species‐rich clade of the order Characiformes.
 Specifically, we examined ancestral areas, dispersal events, and shifts in
 species richness using spatially explicit biogeographic and
 macroevolutionary models to determine whether lowlands–uplands serve as
 museums or cradles of diversification for curimatids. We used fossil
 information to estimate divergence times in BEAST, multiple
 time‐stratified models of geographic range evolution in BioGeoBEARS, and
 alternative models of geographic state‐dependent speciation and extinction
 in GeoHiSSE. Our results suggest that the most recent common ancestor of
 curimatids originated in the Late Cretaceous likely in lowland
 paleodrainages of northwestern South America. Dispersals from lowland to
 upland river basins of the Brazilian and Guiana shields occurred
 repeatedly across independently evolving lineages in the Cenozoic.
 Colonization of upland drainages was often coupled with increased rates of
 net diversification in species‐rich genera such
 as Cyphocharax and Steindachnerina. Our
 findings demonstrate that colonization of novel aquatic environments at
 higher elevations is associated with an increased rate of diversification,
 although this pattern is clade‐dependent and driven mostly by allopatric
 speciation. Curimatids reinforce an emerging perspective that Amazonian
 lowlands act as a museum by accumulating species along time, whereas the
 transitions to uplands stimulate higher net diversification rates and
 lineage diversification.
description: Data collection and analyses were performed by all authors of the
 paper.
DOI: 10.48689/7c9e31de-f5a3-439e-bf31-aacab1fadf11
title: Secchi Depths in Strait of Georgia, 2015 to 2019

description: Secchi disk readings in the Strait of Georgia February-September 2015 to 2019. In the accompanying image, cool colour (blue) is ~20m visibility, and hot colour (violet) is 0m
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280gfq
title: Low-cost tools mitigate climate change during reproduction in an endangered marine ectotherm

description: The impacts of anthropogenic climate change will be most dramatic for
 species that live in narrow thermal niches, such as reptiles. Given the
 imminent threat to biodiversity, and that actions to reduce carbon
 emissions are not yet sufficient, it is important that a sound evidence
 base of potential mitigation options is available for conservation
 managers. Successful incubation and production of male sea turtle
 hatchlings is threatened by increased global temperatures (sex is
 determined by the temperature at which eggs incubate). Here we test two
 conservation tools to reduce incubation temperatures: clutch splitting and
 clutch shading, on a nesting loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta)
 population in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. During the thermosensitive
 period of incubation, split and shaded clutches were both 1.00 ˚C cooler
 than control nests. Clutch splitting (mean: 45 eggs) reduced nest
 temperatures by reducing metabolic heating during incubation compared to
 controls (mean: 92 eggs). Modelled primary sex ratios differed between
 nest treatments, with 1.50 % (± 6 % S.E.) females produced in shaded
 nests, 45.00 % (± 7 % S.E.) females in split nests and 69.00 % (± 6% S.E.)
 females in controls. Neither treatment affected hatchling size, success,
 mass or vigour. When clutch splitting was repeated two years later, hatch
 success was higher in split clutches compared to controls. Synthesis and
 Applications: Clutch splitting and clutch shading successfully altered the
 thermal profile of incubating turtle nests. When there is sufficient
 knowledge to better understand the effects of intervention on fundamental
 population demographics, they will be useful for reducing incubation
 temperatures in sea turtle nests, potentially increasing nest survival and
 male hatchling production. The effect of clutch splitting in reducing nest
 temperature was lower relative to clutch shading, but requires
 significantly less funding, materials and specialist skill, key factors
 for management of turtle rookeries that are often in remote,
 resource-limited areas. 
description: Data were collected through fieldwork carried out on Boa Vista
 island, Cape Verde. Temperature data were recorded from incubating turtle
 nests in three treatments: "split" or halved nests, control
 nests, and shaded nests. Incubation temperatures were calculated and
 published equations used to calculate hatchling sex ratios. Hatch success,
 hatchling fitness, size and vigour were all recorded.
DOI: 10.48689/e3d68658-70e3-4620-a878-ea64110d1956
title: Aggregated Geoduck Catch and Effort Grid 2000-2005

description: Total effort (hours) and total catch (lbs) of Geoduck species caught in a 4 km x 4 km grid in an undisclosed area in the 2000-2005 fishing seasons. The Geoduck catch and effort grid dataset has been assembled directly from the Shellfish Stock Assessment harvest log database located at the Pacific Biological Station (PBS).
DOI: 10.48689/55d9feaf-9013-4c31-9243-6e4649dcf526
title: Coast Salish Languages

description: Boundaries digitized and adapted from Thom, Brian (2009) The Paradox of Boundaries in Coast Salish Territories. Cultural Geographies. 16(2):179-205. Adjustments and attributes based on: http://www.native-languages.org/famsal.htm https://native-land.ca/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Salish_languages https://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/culture/contemporary-culture/coast-salish-art/coast-salish-people All processing and digitizing was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system.
DOI: 10.48689/d6588b83-6886-4ec5-bbb3-c9b2de403bc7
title: Salish Sea Bioregion Detailed Land Cover

description: 2015 Detailed Land Cover for the Salish Sea Bioregion. Created for the Salish Sea Atlas. Detailed land cover classes for the Salish Sea Bioregion. Based on 30x30 meter Landsat imagery from 2015 (Canada) or 2016 (USA). This land cover classification was derived from the North American Land Change Monitoring System. Land cover classes were subset, combined, and renamed to create a simpler set of classes customized for this region. Some areas' land cover classes were manually modified based on comparison with USGS GAP land cover data and recent aerial imagery. Most of these manual modifications were along the coastline. This dataset still seems to under-represent intertidal mudflats compared with the GAP land cover classification. The dataset was clipped to the Salish Sea Bioregion boundary from the Salish Sea Atlas. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system. This is a tile layer designed for cartographic purposes. You can also download a .TIFF version of the file for analysis purposes from the Salish Sea Atlas website.
DOI: 10.48689/57111d8e-81e6-4ef2-a962-b0e5a0bfcb98
title: Salish Sea Bioregion Census Records - WA Counties 2010 and BC Regional Districts 2011

description: Census records related to population trends and density, age, sex, income, education, ethnicity and race for the Salish Sea Bioregion. Created for the Salish Sea Atlas (https://wp.wwu.edu/salishseaatlas/). Data harmonized using 2010 Census records for Washington counties and 2011 Census records for British Columbia's regional districts. Total population also included from 1990 (WA) and 1991 (BC) Census records, along with estimated 2019 total population, and and projected 2030s population totals. Data for land only, marine waters excluded from Census boundaries. Manually corrected for gaps and overlaps at the international border. Attribute fields were edited or new fields were calculated where needed to create directly comparable attribute data for the US and Canada. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w01
title: Data from: Warming and eutrophication interactively drive changes in the methane-oxidizing community of shallow lakes

description: Freshwater ecosystems are the largest natural source of the greenhouse gas
 methane (CH4), with shallow lakes a particular hot spot. Eutrophication
 and warming generally increase lake CH4 emissions but their impacts on the
 sole biological methane sink - methane oxidation - and methane-oxidizer
 community dynamics are poorly understood. We used the world’s
 longest-running freshwater climate-change mesocosm experiment to determine
 how methane-oxidizing bacterial (MOB) abundance and composition, and
 methane oxidation potential in the sediment respond to eutrophication,
 short-term nitrogen addition and warming. After nitrogen addition, MOB
 abundance and methane oxidation potential increased, while warming
 increased MOB abundance without altering methane oxidation potential. MOB
 community composition was driven by both temperature and nutrient
 availability. Eutrophication increased relative abundance of type I MOB
 Methyloparacoccus. Warming favoured type II MOB Methylocystis over type I
 MOB Methylomonadaceae, shifting the MOB community from type I dominance to
 type I and II co-dominance, thereby altering MOB community traits involved
 in growth and stress-responses. This shift to slower-growing MOB may
 explain why higher MOB abundance in warmed mesocosms did not coincide with
 higher methane oxidation potential. Overall, we show that eutrophication
 and warming differentially change the MOB community, resulting in an
 altered ability to mitigate CH4 emissions from shallow lakes.
description: The top 4 cm of the sediment was sampled and analyzed in the lab
 using potential methane oxidation incubations, DNA extractions, qPCR of
 the <em>pmoA </em>gene and 16S amplicon sequencing.
description: Contains data on methane oxidation potential, MOB abundance,
 apparent cell-specific activity, NMDS plotting and relative abundance of
 the different MOB genera and families, including the raw data used to
 calculate those values.
DOI: 10.48689/8e8656d8-0ef3-4dac-a842-95344311ff62
title: Salish Sea Bioregion Summer Minimum Temperature Contours

description: 1991-2020 average summer minimum temperature for the Salish Sea Bioregion. Created for the Salish Sea Atlas (wp.wwu.edu/SalishSeaAtlas). Average summer (June-August) minimum temperature for the Salish Sea Bioregion. 1991-2020 average climate variables were statistically downscaled to 90 meter resolution using the standalone ClimateNA software based on elevations from the Salish Sea Atlas's Digital Elevation Model. The data were converted to raster format for analysis and clipped to the Salish Sea Atlas's bioregional boundary dataset. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10 N coordinate system. For visualization purposes, raster climate datasets were reclassified into discrete ranges of values, then converted to vector polygons. Simplified attributes were calculated for each polygon. Gridded raster versions of the data can be downloaded from the Salish Sea Atlas data portal.
DOI: 10.48689/5dab5e2c-b4cc-45cf-bef8-91edc0649ed7
title: Salish Sea Bioregion Watersheds

description: Watersheds in the Salish Sea Bioregion. Created for the Salish Sea Atlas (https://wp.wwu.edu/salishseaatlas/). HUC-8 level US watersheds and sub-sub-drainage basin level Canadian watersheds that directly or indirectly drain into the Salish Sea. The watersheds at the northeastern and northwestern corners of the bioregion's boundary were clipped along sub-basin boundaries to remove portions of the larger watersheds that drain into Johnstone Strait or Bute Inlet rather than the Salish Sea. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system.
DOI: 10.48689/5a7195fb-a6a7-442f-83c2-77fdbb0a0b23
title: Municipal Boundaries

description: Local government administrative boundaries (municipalities).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.95x69p8k4
title: Complex interactions underlie the correlated evolution of floral traits and their association with pollinators in a clade with diverse pollination systems.

description: Natural selection by pollinators is an important factor in the
 morphological diversity and adaptive radiation of flowering plants.
 Selection by similar pollinators in unrelated plants leads to convergence
 in floral morphology, or “floral syndromes.” Previous investigations into
 floral syndromes have mostly studied relatively small and/or simple
 systems; emphasizing vertebrate-pollination. Despite the importance of
 multiple floral traits in plant-pollinator interactions, these studies
 have examined few quantitative traits, so their co-variation and
 phenotypic integration have been underexplored. To gain better insights
 into pollinator-trait dynamics, we investigate the model system of the
 phlox family (Polemoniaceae), a clade of ~ 400 species pollinated by a
 diversity of vectors. Using a comprehensive phylogeny and large dataset of
 traits and observations of pollinators, we reconstruct ancestral
 pollination system; accounting for the temporal history of pollinators. We
 conduct phylogenetically controlled analyses of trait co-variation and
 association with pollinators, integrating many analyses over phylogenetic
 uncertainty. Pollinator shifts are more heterogeneous than previously
 hypothesized. The evolution of floral traits is partially constrained by
 phylogenetic history and trait co-variation, but traits are convergent and
 differences are associated with different pollinators. Trait shifts are
 usually gradual, rather than rapid, suggesting complex genetic and
 ecological interactions of flowers at macroevolutionary scales.
DOI: 10.48689/0410c47a-d229-42c6-bcfd-539d59d4c79b
title: Salish Sea Bioregion Land

description: Mainland and islands within the Salish Sea Bioregion with a database of island names, small island chain names, and larger archipelago names. Island names were derived from the British Columbia Freshwater Atlas or transcribed from Google Maps. Where no name could be find, the name field was left blank. Coastlines were defined using the Washington ShoreZone Shoreline and British Columbia Freshwater Atlas shoreline. ShoreZone was given precedence where the datasets overlapped. ShoreZone gaps like river mouths were bridged with a straight line. Shoreline line features were converted to polygons. Multipart polygons were split and inland islands were removed. The entire dataset was clipped to the Salish Sea Bioregion boundary.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkh5k
title: Anatomy and relationships of the basal Crocodylomorphs Junggarsuchus sloani and Dibothrosuchus elaphros

description: The holotype of Junggarsuchus sloani, from the early Late Jurassic of
 Xinjiang, China, consists of a nearly complete skull and the anterior half
 of an articulated skeleton, including the pectoral girdles, nearly
 complete forelimbs, vertebral column, and ribs. Here we describe its
 anatomy and compare it to other basal crocodylomorphs, based in part on CT
 scans of its skull and that of Dibothrosuchus elaphros from the Early
 Jurassic of China. Junggarsuchus shares many features with a cursorial
 group of crocodylomorphs, informally known as ‘sphenosuchians,’ whose
 relationships are poorly understood. However, it also displays several
 derived crocodyliform features that are not found among most members of
 this group. A phylogenetic analysis corroborates the hypothesis that
 Junggarsuchus is closer to Crocodyliformes, including living crocodylians,
 than are Dibothrosuchus and Sphenosuchus, but not as close to
 crocodyliforms as Almadasuchus and Macelognathus, and that the
 “Sphenosuchia” are a paraphyletic assemblage. Dibothrosuchus elaphros and
 Sphenosuchus acutus are hypothesized to be more closely related to
 Crocodyliformes than are the remaining ‘Sphenosuchia,’ which form several
 smaller groups but are largely unresolved.
description: CT scans of skulls processed in the program MIMICS.  
 Phylogenetic data in Mesquite database
 Phylogenetic analysis in TNT
DOI: 10.48689/713ce195-f9fc-472f-bd56-94622eefdd32
title: Salish Sea Archipelagos

description: Mainland and islands within the Salish Sea Bioregion with a database of island names, small island chain names, and larger archipelago names. Island names were derived from the British Columbia Freshwater Atlas or transcribed from Google Maps. Where no name could be find, the name field was left blank. Coastlines were defined using the Washington ShoreZone Shoreline and British Columbia Freshwater Atlas shoreline. ShoreZone was given precedence where the datasets overlapped. ShoreZone gaps like river mouths were bridged with a straight line. Shoreline line features were converted to polygons. Multipart polygons were split and inland islands were removed. The entire dataset was clipped to the Salish Sea Bioregion boundary. All processing and analysis was completed using the NAD 83 UTM Zone 10N projection and coordinate system.
DOI: 10.48689/ed292be2-8433-451a-bd3f-eb6e71283f1f
title: Zoning (Chilliwack)

description: Zoning is a regulatory means to govern activity applicable to particular lots such as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural. The complete copy of "Zoning Bylaw 2020, No. 5000" is provided for information purposes only, and the City of Chilliwack will not be responsible for its validity or completeness. The abbreviated descriptions are described fully in the Table of Contents document found on this web page: http://www.chilliwack.ca/main/page.cfm?id=377
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtc3
title: Data from: Constraints and variation in food web link-species space

description: Predicting food web structure in future climates is a pressing goal of
 ecology. These predictions may be impossible without a solid understanding
 of the factors that structure current food webs. The most fundamental
 aspect of food-web structure—the relationship between the number of links
 and species—is still poorly understood. Some species interactions may be
 physically or physiologically ‘forbidden’—like consumption by non-consumer
 species—with possible consequences for food web structure. We show that
 accounting for these ‘forbidden interactions’ constrains the feasible
 link-species space, in tight agreement with empirical data. Rather than
 following one particular scaling relationship, food webs are distributed
 throughout this space according to shared biotic and abiotic features. Our
 study provides new insights into the long-standing question of which
 factors determine this fundamental aspect of food web structure.
description: The 65 food webs used are described elsewhere[16, 45] and were
 taken from the Interaction Web Database (https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/), the GlobalWeb food web database (https://www.globalwebdb.com/), and the R package <i>cheddar</i>[49]. The data span all continents, encompass terrestrial, marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems, and average 64 species and 427 interactions (details in Appendix 1). All data and code used in this study can be found at https://github.com/JPGibert/FWs_LS_feasibility_space.
description: Species in <strong>columns eat species in
 rows</strong>
DOI: 10.48689/79fa61ee-562d-43bc-92c3-d7e07319e998
title: Protected Areas of Islands Trust

description: Provincial Parks, National Parks, Marine Parks, Regional Parks, Protected Areas, Conservancy Areas, and Ecological Reserves in the Islands Trust.
DOI: 10.25338/b8xc92
title: Control failures following insecticide applications in commercial agriculture: How often do they occur? A case study of Lygus hesperus control in cotton

description: Although surveys of pest populations documenting evolved insecticide
 resistance often suggest abundant potential for insecticide control
 failures, studies documenting the actual occurrence of such failures in
 commercial agriculture are rare.  If farmers currently practice
 adaptive management, abandoning the use of insecticides once resistance
 emerges, actual control failures could be rare.  Here I use data
 gathered by independent pest management consultants to describe a case
 study of the realized efficacy of commercial field applications of
 insecticides, examining the control of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
 on cotton.  On average, insecticides reduced target pest
 populations to 19% of their pre-application densities. 
 Short-term efficacy of insecticides was variable, but only one severe
 control failure was observed (1 of 50, 2%).  The rarity of severe
 control failures observed in this study is in agreement with the few other
 studies conducted in commercial settings, but additional research is
 needed to assess the generality of this result.  Although
 pesticides can cause longer-term problems, including target pest
 resurgences and secondary pest outbreaks, risk-averse attitudes among
 farmers coupled with relatively consistent short-term insecticide efficacy
 may be potent forces propelling farmers towards the use of insecticides.
 Here I present data gathered by independent pest management consultants
 that were used to calculate the realized efficacy of commercial field
 applications of insecticides, examining the control of Lygus hesperus on
 cotton.  There are no legal or ethical considerations surrounding
 reuse of these data. The associated metadata file provides explanations
 for each of the columns of data.  Notably, I include both the
 individual, raw sweep sample counts as well as the mean density estimates
 that were obtained by averaging across those sweep samples.  
 Location:  San Joaquin Valley, California, United States of
 America.
description: These data were collected by an independent pest management
 consultant and the summer field scouts that he hired to sample populations
 of <em>Lygus hesperus</em> in commercial cotton fields being
 grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California.  Sampling was performed
 with a sweep net.  I have not processed the data beyond computing means
 and associated confidence intervals.
description: The metadata explaining each column in the dataset is attached to
 the main data file as a second sheet (see tab at the bottom of the
 spreadsheet).
DOI: 10.48689/b33bcdcc-2ce3-432f-9862-325393eeb641
title: Artificial Fish Refugia - Reef balls

description: 238 Reef Balls added to Mamquam Blind Channel.
DOI: 10.48689/1985c846-1dcb-4656-9aed-351048efd59c
title: Locations of Docks for Islands Trust Administrative Area

description: Locations of docks.