cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7wm37pvvv
title: Top-down cascading effects of seed-feeding beetles and their parasitoids on plants and leaf herbivores

description: When feeding on a plant, herbivorous insects alter the quality of the
 plant as a food source. This affects other organisms interacting with the
 same plant. These so-called ‘plant-mediated interactions’ can be altered
 by parasitoids that attack the herbivores. So far, this research area has
 mainly focused on interactions at the leaf level, and very little is known
 about plant-mediated interactions via seeds. It is still poorly understood
 if seeds that survive insect damage have fewer resources to allocate to
 plant growth and defence against leaf herbivores, and whether parasitoids
 that kill seed-feeding insects mitigate such negative effects. Using seeds
 of wild lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus) we studied the effect of the
 intensity of infestation by seed beetles (Zabrotes subfasciatus) and their
 parasitoids (Stenocorse bruchivora) on the following parameters under lab
 conditions: seed mass and germination, plant growth and defensive
 compounds (cyanogenic glycosides and flavonoids) and performance of a leaf
 herbivore species (Spodoptera latifascia). In addition, we performed a
 field experiment using seeds with or without insect damage to investigate
 the consequences on plant performance and fitness in the wild. Seed beetle
 infestation had an overall negative impact on seed germination. Lab
 experiments revealed that damaged seeds produced plants with slower growth
 and reduced concentration of defensive compounds, which increased the
 performance of the leaf herbivores. Effects of seed-feeding on seed
 germination and plant growth were attenuated by parasitism, resulting in a
 net increase of the number of viable offspring. In the field, we observed
 that seed damage impaired germination, delayed flowering time and
 increased leaf herbivory. Our results show that plant-mediated
 interactions between insect herbivores are not limited to leaf herbivores
 but extend to seed herbivores. In our study system, parasitoids had no
 apparent effect on these interactions, despite their strong beneficial
 effects on germination and plant performance. These findings confirm the
 long-lasting consequences of indirect plant-mediated interactions in a
 community-wide ecological context. Furthermore, they contribute to a
 better understanding of the important but understudied effects of
 parasitoids on plant fitness.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz5f
title: Molecular parentage data: a study on competitive fertilizations in spiders

description: Sperm competition drives traits that enhance fertilization success. The
 amount of sperm transferred relative to competitors is key for attaining
 paternity. Female reproductive morphology and male mating order may also
 influence fertilization, however the outcome for sperm precedence under
 intense sperm competition remains poorly understood. In the polyandrous
 spider Pisaura mirabilis, males offer nuptial gifts which prolong
 copulation and increase sperm transfer, factors proposed to alter sperm
 precedence patterns under strong sperm competition. First, we assessed the
 degree of female polyandry by genotyping wild broods. A conservative
 analysis identified up to 4 sires, with a mean of 2 sires per brood,
 consistent with an optimal mating female rate. Then we asked whether
 intense sperm competition shifts sperm precedence patterns from first male
 priority, as expected from female morphology, to last male advantage. We
 varied sexual selection intensity experimentally and determined
 competitive fertilization outcome by genotyping broods. In double matings,
 one male monopolised paternity regardless of mating order. A mating order
 effect with first male priority was revealed when females were mated to 4
 males, however this effect disappeared when females were mated to 6 males,
 likely due to increased sperm mixing. The proportion of males that
 successfully sired offspring drastically decreased with the number of
 competitors. Longer copulations translated into higher paternity shares
 independently of mating order, reinforcing the advantage of traits that
 prolong copulation duration under intense competition, such as the nuptial
 gift. Sperm competition intensity enhances the impact of competitive
 sexual traits and imposes multiple effects on paternity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7wm37pvvw
title: Will forest dynamics continue to accelerate throughout the 21st century in the Northern Alps?

description: Observational evidence suggests that forests in the Northern Alps are
 changing at an increasing rate as a consequence of climate change. Yet, it
 remains unclear whether the acceleration of forest change will continue in
 the future, or whether downregulating feedbacks will eventually decouple
 forest dynamics from climate change. Here we studied future forest
 dynamics at Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany by means of a
 process-based forest landscape model, simulating an ensemble of 22 climate
 projections until the end of the 21st century. Our objectives were (i) to
 assess whether the observed acceleration of forest dynamics will continue
 in the future, (ii) to analyze how uncertainty in future climate
 translates to variation in future forest disturbance, structure, and
 composition, and (iii) to determine the main drivers of future forest
 dynamics. We found that forest dynamics continue to accelerate in the
 coming decades, with a trend towards denser, structurally more complex and
 more species rich forests. However, changes in forest structure leveled
 off in the second half of the 21st century regardless of climate scenario.
 In contrast, climate scenarios caused trajectories of tree species change
 to diverge in the second half of the 21st century, with stabilization
 under RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5 scenarios and accelerated loss of conifers under
 RCP 8.5. Disturbance projections were 3 to 20 times more variable than
 future climate, whereas projected future forest structure and composition
 varied considerably less than climate. Indirect effects of climate change
 via alterations of the disturbance regime had a stronger impact on future
 forest dynamics than direct effects. Our findings suggest that dampening
 feedbacks within forest dynamics will decelerate forest change in the
 second half of the 21st century. However, warming beyond the levels
 projected under RCP 4.5 might profoundly alter future forest disturbance
 and composition, challenging conservation efforts and ecosystem service
 supply. --
description: The data is based on simulations of Berchtesgaden National Park
 using iLand (https://iland-model.org/). Simulations include 22 climate change projections à 20 replicates from year 2020 - 2100. Presented here is the analysis of iLand outputs.
description: Raw simulation outputs are extensive in size and can be requested
 from the corresponding author, Dominik Thom.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc0b
title: Dataset for: Sensory environment affects Icelandic threespine stickleback's anti-predator escape behaviour

description: Human-induced changes in climate and habitats push populations to adapt to
 novel environments, including new sensory conditions, such as reduced
 visibility. We studied how colonizing newly formed glacial lakes with
 turbidity-induced low visibility affects anti-predator behaviour in
 Icelandic threespine sticklebacks. We tested nearly 400 fish from 15
 populations and four habitat types varying in visibility and colonization
 history in their reaction to two predator cues (mechano-visual versus
 olfactory) in high versus low visibility light treatments. Fish reacted
 differently to the cues and were affected by lighting environment,
 confirming that cue modality and light levels are important for predator
 detection and evasion. Spring-fed fish, especially from the highlands
 (likely more diverged from marine fish than lowland fish) reacted fastest
 to mechano-visual cues and were generally most active. Highland glacial
 fish showed strong responses to olfactory cues and, counter to predictions
 from the flexible stem hypothesis, the greatest plasticity in response to
 light levels. This study, leveraging natural, repeated invasions of novel
 sensory habitats, 1) illustrates rapid changes in antipredator behaviour
 that follow due to adaptation, early life experience, or both, and 2)
 suggests an additional role for behavioural plasticity enabling population
 persistence in the face of frequent changes in environmental conditions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jq2bvq8bb
title: Introgressive hybridisation between domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and endemic Corsican wild boars (S. s. meridionalis): effects of human-mediated interventions

description: Owing to the intensified domestication process with artificial trait
 selection, introgressive hybridisation between domestic and wild species
 poses a management problem. Traditional free-range livestock husbandry, as
 practiced in Corsica and Sardinia, is known to facilitate hybridisation
 between wild boars and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa). Here, we assessed the
 genetic distinctness and genome-wide domestic pig ancestry levels of the
 Corsican wild boar subspecies S. s. meridionalis, with reference to its
 Sardinian conspecifics, employing a genome-wide single nucleotide
 polymorphism (SNP) assay and mitochondrial control region (mtCR)
 haplotypes. We also assessed the reliance of morphological criteria and
 the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) coat colour gene to identify
 individuals with domestic introgression. While Corsican wild boars showed
 closest affinity to Sardinian and Italian wild boars compared to other
 European populations based on principal component analysis, the
 observation of previously undescribed mtCR haplotypes and high levels of
 nuclear divergence (Weir’s  0.14) highlighted the genetic
 distinctness of Corsican S. s. meridionalis. Across three complementary
 analyses of mixed ancestry (i.e., STRUCTURE, PCADMIX, and ELAI),
 proportions of domestic pig ancestry were estimated at 9.5% in Corsican
 wild boars, which was significantly higher than in wild boars in Sardinia,
 where free-range pig keeping was banned in 2012. Comparison of
 morphologically pure- and hybrid-looking Corsican wild boars suggested a
 weak correlation between morphological criteria and genome-wide domestic
 pig ancestry. The study highlighted the usefulness of molecular markers to
 assess the direct impacts of management practices on gene flow between
 domestic and wild species.
description: A subset of 12 Corsican wild boars and seven domestic pigs from the Nustrale breed, as well as 14 wild boars from Luxembourg, were genotyped using the Porcine SNP60 v2 BeadChip (Illumina Inc.) following manufacturer’s instructions. GenomeStudio 2.0 software (Illumina Inc.) was employed to call genotypes using a custom cluster file to improve call rates. Only autosomal SNPs, mapping to chromosomes 1 to 18 on the reference genome Sscrofa build 11.1, were retained for analysis. The resulting 60K genotypes were merged with publicly available data from 44 domestic pigs and 60 wild boars sampled in France, Iberia, Italy and Sardinia (Iacolina et al., 2016). Genotypes from 11 Bornean bearded pigs (<em>S. barbatus</em>; Yang et al., 2017) were included in analyses requiring an outgroup (i.e. TREEMIX, see below).
description: Five SNP data files are provided: LD-pruned
 and unpruned PLINK files (.ped and .map) and the TREEMIX infile with S.
 barbatus outgroup.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3wh295
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6091 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Long-term monitoring of the distribution and abundance of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) in Doñana 2007-2022"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6091 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003060-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2nq2
title: Glucose tolerance predicts survival in old zebra finches

description: This data set complies information on meassurements of glucose tolerance
 obtained from a sample of 122 zebra finches. We tested for a link between
 the capacity to regulate glucose levels and survival. We also investigated
 for the effects of ambient factors, age, sex, and manipulated
 developmental and adult conditions (i.e. natal brood size and foraging
 cost, in a full factorial design) on glucose tolerance. Glucose tolerance
 was quantified using the incremental ‘area under the curve’ (AUC), with
 lower values indicating higher tolerance: a lower depart from baseline
 levels and faster return to them, after exogenous administration of
 glucose. Glucose tolerance predicted survival probability in old birds,
 above the median age, with individuals with higher glucose tolerance
 showing better survival than individuals with low or intermediate glucose
 tolerance. In young birds there was no association between glucose
 tolerance and survival. Experimentally induced adverse developmental
 conditions did not affect glucose tolerance, but low ambient temperature
 at sampling and hard foraging conditions during adulthood induced a fast
 return to baseline levels (i.e. high glucose tolerance). These findings
 can be interpreted as an efficient return to baseline glucose levels when
 energy requirements are high, with glucose presumably being used for
 energy metabolism or storage. Glucose tolerance was independent of sex.
 Our main finding that old birds with higher glucose tolerance had better
 survival supports the hypothesis that the capacity to efficiently cope
 with a physiological challenge predicts lifespan, at least in old birds.
description: One hundred twenty-two adult
 zebra finches, 60 males and 62 females with an average age of 3.52 ± 0.18 years (range
 0.97 - 8.64 years) were randomly selected from the birds in an ongoing
 long-term experiment (see below) at the University of Groningen, the
 Netherlands (53° 13' 0" N / 6° 33' 0" E).  Birds were
 bred indoors (see below), and after 120 days of age and through this
 study, were housed in single sex outdoor aviaries (L x H x W: 310 x 210 x
 150 cm) with <em>ad libitum</em> access to tropical seed
 mixture, cuttlebone, water, and sand (but see experimental treatments). In
 addition, birds were supplemented three times per week, with 0.42 g (per
 bird) of a commercial nutritional supplement (Bogena, Hedel, the
 Netherlands).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qfttn6
title: Data from: Contrasting nitrogen cycling between herbaceous wetland and terrestrial ecosystems inferred from plant and soil nitrogen isotopes across China

description: Understanding nitrogen (N) cycling in different ecosystems is crucial to
 predicting and mitigating the global effects of altered N inputs. Although
 wetlands have always been assumed to differ largely from terrestrial
 ecosystems in N cycling, evidence from direct comparison from the field
 along wide environmental gradients is lacking. Here, we hypothesized
 strong coupling of plant and soil δ15N in terrestrial ecosystems due to
 lower N inputs and losses but weak coupling of plant and soil δ15N in
 wetlands because of higher N inputs and losses. We performed a large-scale
 field investigation on 26 pairs of herbaceous wetland and terrestrial
 sites across China covering 21 degrees of latitude and determined natural
 abundance of nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) in soils and leaves of 346 dominant
 and subordinate plant species. We analysed the relationships between leaf
 and soil δ15N and their drivers including plant functional types in these
 two types of ecosystems. Plant functional types including mycorrhizal type
 and N2-fixing status had consistently significant influences on leaf δ15N
 in herbaceous wetland and terrestrial ecosystems. Leaf δ15N increased
 significantly with soil δ15N within and across mycorrhizal types in both
 ecosystems, and, as hypothesized, the relationships were stronger and
 steeper in terrestrial than in wetland ecosystems. Moreover, leaf and soil
 δ15N were positively and significantly correlated within both N2-fixers
 and non-fixers in terrestrial ecosystems and within only non-N2-fixers in
 wetlands. At the community level, we also found more highly significant
 relationships between leaf and soil δ15N in terrestrial than in wetland
 ecosystems. Besides plant functional types, climatic and soil factors
 contributed to the variation in leaf δ15N in both ecosystems. Synthesis.
 Weaker relationships between plant and soil δ15N in wetlands at species
 and community levels supports the hypothesis that larger N inputs and
 losses lead to weaker coupling in the plant-soil systems in wetlands than
 in terrestrial ecosystems. This provides strong evidence from a large
 spatial scale for contrasting N cycling in these two types of ecosystems
 regardless of plant functional type in terms of nutrient uptake strategy.
 Our findings add to our predictive power of ecosystem N dynamics under
 environmental changes, e.g. land-use changes and elevated N inputs.
description: Please refer to ReadMe
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7f2
title: Data for: Human activity coupled with climate change strengthens the role of lakes as an active pipe of dissolved organic matter

description: This dataset contains data from an investigation to resolve the relative
 importance of multiple environmental drivers on the quantity and quality
 of chromophoric DOM in lakes at the continental scales. The study is
 described in the paper: “Du Y., Chen F., Zhang Y., He H., Wen S., Huang
 X., Song C., Li. K., Wang J., Kellings D., and Lu Y. 2023. Human activity
 coupled with climate change strengthens the role of lakes as an active
 pipe of dissolved organic matter, Earth’s Future, in press”.  The
 primary objectives of the study were to (i) quantity the magnitude of
 environmental drivers modulating lacustrine DOM quantity and quality at a
 continental scale, including climate, land cover, societal development,
 and water retention time, and (ii) unravel individual and interactive
 effects of the environmental drivers. Firstly, we constructed a structural
 equation model framework that incorporated both direct and indirect
 pathways. Secondly, we collected a continental-scale dataset of lake DOM
 quantity and quality, along with the corresponding environmental driver
 variables from a group of carefully selected lakes (n=182). Lastly, we
 established structure equation models to analyze DOM quantity and quality
 variations as a function of the four environmental drivers. The main
 results include: (1) land cover and societal development both exhibit
 positive direct effects on lake CDOM quantity, highlighting the
 significant role of well-vegetated soils and anthropogenic activities as
 sources of lake DOM on a continental scale. (2) Climate has two strong but
 opposite effects –a warming and wet climate facilitates soil OM production
 and export but also enhances CDOM in-lake transformation. (3) Three
 proxies are proposed as indicators of the magnitude of biogeochemical
 drivers influencing lake DOM across ecoclimatic zones, including
 fluorescent DOM/DOC indicating economic activity, percentages of a
 degraded fluorescent DOM component indicating solar irradiation, and
 percent tyrosine-like DOM reflecting DOM processing time within the
 watershed and lake.
DOI: 10.7941/d1432p
title: Continental United States may lose 1.8 petagrams of soil organic carbon under climate change by 2100

description: Aims: High-resolution information on soils’ vulnerability to
 climate-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) loss can enable environmental
 scientists, land managers, and policy makers to develop targeted
 mitigation strategies. This study aims to estimate baseline and decadal
 changes in continental US surface SOC stocks under future emission
 scenarios.   Location: Continental United States   Time
 Period: 2014-2100   Results: Baseline SOC projections from ML
 approaches captured more than 50% of variability in SOC observations,
 whereas ESMs represented only 6-16% of observed SOC variability. ML
 estimates showed a mean total loss of 1.8 Pg C from US surface soils under
 the high-emission scenario by 2100, whereas ESMs showed no significant
 change in SOC stocks with wide variation among ESMs. Both ML and ESM
 predictions agree on the direction of SOC change (net emissions or
 sequestration) across 46%–51% of continental US land area. These
 differences are attributable to the high-resolution site-specific data
 used in ML model compared to the relatively coarse grid represented in
 CMIP6 ESMs.   Main conclusions: Our high-resolution estimates of
 baseline SOC stocks, identification of key environmental controllers, and
 projection of SOC changes from US land cover types under future climate
 scenarios suggest the need for high-resolution simulations of SOC in ESMs
 to represent the heterogeneity of SOC. We found that the SOC change is
 sensitive to key soil related factors (e.g. soil drainage and soil order)
 that have not been historically considered as input parameters in ESMs,
 because currently more than 95% variability in the SOC of CMIP6 ESMs are
 controlled by net primary productivity, temperature, and precipitation.
 Using additional environmental factors to estimate the baseline SOC stocks
 and predict the future trajectory of SOC change can provide more accurate
 results.
description: We used recent SOC field observations (n = 6,213 sites),
 environmental factors (n = 32), and an ensemble machine learning (ML)
 approach to estimate baseline SOC stocks in surface soils across the
 continental United States at 100-m spatial resolution, and decadal changes
 under the projected climate scenarios of Coupled Model Intercomparison
 Project Phase Six (CMIP6) Earth System Models (ESMs).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xgxd254j5
title: Data from: Prairie dogs, cattle subsidies, and alternative prey: Seasonal and spatial variation in coyote diet in a temperate grassland

description: As the dominant predator on North America’s grasslands, coyotes (Canis
 latrans) have a large influence on biodiversity, both on working ranches
 and in protected parks. Ground squirrel (sciurid) species and livestock
 carrion are often abundant on grasslands worldwide and have the potential
 to influence a predator’s consumption of alternative prey. We collected
 1321 scats in four seasons over two years in and adjacent to Grasslands
 National Park, Saskatchewan, to test the hypothesis that seasonal and
 spatial variation in consumption of sciurid prey and cattle (Bos taurus)
 carrion influenced coyote consumption of alternative prey. Sciurid
 (black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus and Richardson’s ground
 squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii) remains were common from spring to fall
 and had a strong inverse relationship with deer (mule deer Odocoileus
 hemionus and white-tailed deer O. virginianus), which were most common in
 winter scats. Cattle remains were most common during spring, fall and
 winter, occurring in 10.6% of scats annually. Biomass estimates indicated
 that cattle was the highest ranked food on cattle grazing land year-round,
 and the 2nd ranked food, after deer, during winter on the portion of the
 park from which cattle were excluded. Closer proximity of scats to a
 prairie dog colony increased the likelihood of prairie dog remains
 throughout the year and reduced the likelihood of cattle remains in scats
 from spring to fall, but not during winter. Individual differences in
 foraging and ranging behavior may explain the spatial distribution of
 prairie dog versus cattle in scats. Further work is needed to determine
 whether sciurid prey, deer, or livestock carrion support large predator
 populations on grassland habitats to a level that may negatively affect
 coexisting prey species, including species at risk.
description: We provide a "Read Me" file in MS Word, and three data
 files in Excel. See the Read Me file for a description of the data in each
 of the Excel files.