cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1284
title: Data from: Elucidating the role of genetic drift and natural selection in cork oak differentiation regarding drought tolerance

description: Drought is the main selection agent in Mediterranean ecosystems and it is
 been suggested as an important evolutionary force responsible for
 population diversification in these environments. However, population
 divergence in quantitative traits can be driven by either directional
 natural selection, genetic drift or both. To investigate the roles of
 these forces on among-population divergence in ecophysiological traits
 related to drought tolerance (Δ13C, SLA, leaf size, Nmass), we compared
 molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation among thirteen cork oak
 (Quercus suber L.) populations spanning over a gradient of rainfall and
 temperature. Population differentiation for height, specific leaf area and
 leaf nitrogen content far exceeded the molecular differentiation measured
 by six nuclear microsatellites and was associated with the climatic
 gradient in among-year rainfall variation. These results suggest (1) these
 traits are subjected to directional selection and (2) the genetic
 differences among populations are partly due to adaptation to the rainfall
 unpredictability at the place of origin. By contrast, the low among
 population divergence found in stem diameter, annual growth and carbon
 isotopic discrimination (a surrogate for water use efficiency) and the
 weak association with the environmental gradient suggest low or no
 directional selection on these traits under dry conditions.
 Among-population differentiation for neutral markers was not a good
 predictor for differentiation regarding the quantitative traits studied
 here, but for leaf size. The observed correlation between the genetic
 differentiation for leaf size and that for molecular markers was
 exclusively due to the association between leaf size and microsatellite
 QpZAG46, which suggests a possible linkage between microsatellite QpZAG46
 and genes encoding for leaf size.
description: DATA-MEC-09-0209.xlsMolecular and Phenotypic data for trees sampled in the field. Plant material: leaves of the current year. Excel file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.10460
title: Data from: Herbivores sculpt leaf traits differently in grasslands depending on life form and land-use histories

description: Vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores alter plant communities directly by
 selectively consuming plant species; and indirectly by inducing
 morphological and physiological changes to plant traits that provide
 competitive or survivorship advantages to some life forms over others.
 Progressively excluding aboveground herbivore communities (ungulates,
 medium and small sized mammals, invertebrates) over five growing seasons,
 we explored how leaf morphology (specific leaf area or SLA) and nutrition
 (nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, and calcium) of
 different plant life forms (forbs, legumes, grasses, sedges) correlated
 with their dominance. We experimented in two subalpine grassland types
 with different land-use histories: (1) heavily grazed, nutrient-rich,
 short-grass vegetation and (2) lightly grazed, lower nutrient tall-grass
 vegetation. We found differences in leaf traits between treatments where
 either all herbivores were excluded or all herbivores were present,
 showing the importance of considering the impacts of both vertebrates and
 invertebrates on the leaf traits of plant species. Life forms responses to
 the progressive exclusion of herbivores were captured by six possible
 combinations: (1) increased leaf size and resource use efficiency (leaf
 area/nutrients) where lower nutrient levels are invested in leaf
 construction, but a reduction in the number of leaves, for example, forbs
 in both vegetation types, (2) increased leaf size and resource use
 efficiency, for example, legumes in short grass, (3) increased leaf size
 but a reduction in the number of leaves, for example, legumes in the tall
 grass, (4) increased number of leaves produced and increased resource use
 efficiency, for example, grasses in the short grass, (5) increased
 resource use efficiency of leaves only, for example, grasses and sedges in
 the tall grass, and (6) no response in terms of leaf construction or
 dominance, for example, sedges in the short grass. Although we found
 multiple possible responses by life forms to progressive exclusion of
 herbivores, we also found some important generalities. Changes in leaf
 traits of legumes and grasses correlated with their increasing dominance
 in the short-grass vegetation and plants were more efficient at
 constructing photosynthetic tissue when herbivores are present with few
 exceptions. These results demonstrate that vertebrate and invertebrate
 herbivores are essential to maintain plant species richness and
 resource-use efficiency.
description: tall and short grass
 cover and functional group leaf traitsThis data shows cover
 and frequency estimates for functional groups of forbs, grasses, sedges
 (shortened as Sed to database) and legumes (shortened to Leg) with
 progressive herbivore exclosures and the mean leaf traits of teach of
 these functional groups including SLA, LN, LP, LC and
 LNC.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.20h6m
title: Data from: Initiation of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the absence of physical contact with infected hosts – a field study in a high altitude lake

description: Understanding transmission is a critical prerequisite for predicting
 disease dynamics and impacts on host populations. It is well established
 that Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the amphibian fungal pathogen
 responsible for chytridiomycosis, can be transmitted directly, through
 physical contact with an infected host. However, indirect pathways of
 transmission remain poorly investigated. We conducted a five-week long
 field infection experiment at a high altitude mountain lake in the French
 Pyrenees to investigate Bd transmission pathways in larval midwife toads
 Alytes obstetricans. Uninfected naïve tadpoles were co-housed either with
 infected tadpoles (direct and indirect transmission) or with uninfected
 ones (indirect transmission only). We found that physical contact with an
 infected host is not necessary for initial infection with Bd and that all
 tadpoles became infected after only four weeks. However, physical contact
 with infected tadpoles led to a faster spread within a tadpole group and
 resulted in higher Bd loads and subsequently higher mortality. Our
 findings clearly demonstrate that in A. obstetricans, Bd can quickly
 spread in a population even without physical contact. Our experiment
 therefore stresses the importance of indirect transmission of Bd zoospores
 in infected lakes for disease dynamics, especially when a reservoir
 species such as A. obstetricans is present.
description: experiment
 resultTrajectory of infection
 state during the course of the experiment in the two treatments described
 in the articleData_Courtoisetal_Oikos2016.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hh67j
title: Data from: Climate and sex ratio variation in a viviparous lizard

description: The extent to which key biological processes, such as sex determination,
 respond to environmental fluctuations is fundamental for assessing
 species' susceptibility to ongoing climate change. Few studies,
 however, address how climate affects offspring sex in the wild. We
 monitored two climatically distinct populations of the viviparous skink
 Niveoscincus ocellatus for 16 years, recording environmental temperatures,
 offspring sex and date of birth. We found strong population-specific
 effects of temperature on offspring sex, with female offspring more common
 in warm years at the lowland site but no effect at the highland site. In
 contrast, date of birth advanced similarly in response to temperature at
 both sites. These results suggest strong population-specific effects of
 temperature on offspring sex that are independent of climatic effects on
 other physiological processes. These results have significant implications
 for our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of
 variation in sex ratios under climate change.
description: Data from: Climate and
 sex ratio variation in a viviparous lizardThis data file contains
 data collected at two climatically distinct sites in Tasmania from 2000 to
 2015, monitoring number of male and female offspring, date of birth,
 environmental temperature and female identification number for populations
 of the spotted snow skink Niveoscincus ocellatus.Climate_and_sex_ratio_Sup_Data.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fq7h2
title: Data from: Diversity-dependent evolutionary rates in early Paleozoic zooplankton

description: The extent to which biological diversity affects rates of diversification
 is central to understanding macroevolutionary dynamics, yet no consensus
 has emerged on the importance of diversity-dependence of evolutionary
 rates. Here we analyse the species-level fossil record of early Paleozoic
 graptoloids, documented with high temporal resolution, to test directly
 whether rates of diversification were influenced by levels of standing
 diversity within this major clade of marine zooplankton. To circumvent the
 statistical regression-to-the-mean artefact, whereby higher- and
 lower-than-average values of diversity tend to be followed by negative and
 positive diversification rates, we construct a non-parametric, empirically
 scaled, diversity-independent null model by randomizing the observed
 diversification rates with respect to time. Comparing observed
 correlations between diversity and diversification rate to those expected
 from this diversity-independent model, we find evidence for negative
 diversity-dependence, accounting for up to 12% of the variance in
 diversification rate, with maximal correlation at a temporal lag of ~1
 million years. Diversity-dependence persists throughout the Ordovician and
 Silurian, despite a major increase in the strength and frequency of
 extinction and speciation pulses in the Silurian. In contrast to some
 previous work, we find that diversity-dependence affects rates of
 speciation and extinction nearly equally on average, although subtle
 differences emerge when we compare the Ordovician and Silurian.
description: Supplementary Table
 1Diversity and
 evolutionary rates in Ordovician-Silurian graptoloidsSupplementaryTable1.xlsxSupplementary R CodeR code used for simulations and analysesSupplementaryCode.v2.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tm041
title: Data from: Rapid evolution rescues hosts from competition and disease but—despite a dilution effect—increases the density of infected hosts

description: Virulent parasites can depress the densities of their hosts. Taxa that
 reduce disease via dilution effects might alleviate this burden. However,
 ‘diluter’ taxa can also depress host densities through competition for
 shared resources. The combination of disease and interspecific competition
 could even drive hosts extinct. Then again, genetically variable host
 populations can evolve in response to both competitors and parasites. Can
 rapid evolution rescue host density from the harm caused by these
 ecological enemies? How might such evolution influence dilution effects or
 the size of epidemics? In a mesocosm experiment with planktonic hosts, we
 illustrate the joint harm of competition and disease: hosts with
 constrained evolutionary ability (limited phenotypic variation) suffered
 greatly from both. However, populations starting with broader phenotypic
 variation evolved stronger competitive ability during epidemics. In turn,
 enhanced competitive ability—driven especially by parasites—rescued host
 densities from the negative impacts of competition, disease, and
 especially their combination. Interspecific competitors reduced disease
 (supporting dilution effects) even when hosts rapidly evolved. However,
 this evolutionary response also elicited a potential problem. Populations
 that evolved enhanced competitive ability and maintained robust total
 densities also supported higher densities of infections. Thus, rapid
 evolution rescued host densities but also unleashed larger epidemics.
description: Strauss.Eco.EvoR script for all analyses presented in main text and appendix.trait.datatrait for Daphnia genotypesd.dataDensity data from mesocosm experimentg.dataGenotype data from mesocosm experiment
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2d486
title: Data from: Range dynamics, rather than convergent selection, explain the mosaic distribution of red-winged blackbird phenotypes

description: Geographic distributions of genetic and phenotypic characters can
 illuminate historical evolutionary processes. In particular, mosaic
 distributions of phenotypically similar populations can arise from
 parallel evolution or from irregular patterns of dispersal and
 colonization by divergent forms. Two phenotypically divergent forms of the
 red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) show a mosaic phenotypic
 distribution, with a “bicolored” form occurring disjunctly in California
 and Mexico. We analyzed the relationships among these bicolored
 populations and neighboring typical populations, using ~600 bp of
 mitochondrial DNA sequence data and 10 nuclear short tandem repeat loci.
 We find that bicolored populations, although separated by ~3000 km, are
 genetically more similar to one other than they are to typical populations
 separated by ~400 km. We also find evidence of ongoing gene flow among
 populations, including some evidence of asymmetric gene flow. We conclude
 that the current distribution of bicolored forms represents incomplete
 speciation, where recent asymmetric hybridization with typical A.
 phoeniceus is dividing the range of a formerly widespread bicolored form.
 This hypothesis predicts that bicolored forms may suffer extinction by
 hybridization. Future work will use fine-scaled geographical sampling and
 nuclear sequence data to test for hybrid origins of currently typical
 populations and to more precisely quantify the directionality of gene
 flow.
description: Agelaius phoeniceus
 samplesThis file contains data
 on the individual specimens of Agelaius phoeniceus sampled for this paper.
 Each row is one individual included in the analyses. See the ReadMe file
 for additional details.Dufort_Barker_Ag_ph_sample_data.csvAgelaius phoeniceus STR fragment sizesThis file contains short tandem repeat (STR or microsatellite) data from specimens of Agelaius phoeniceus, as used in different analyses reported in the paper. Each row is one allele for one locus for one individual. See the ReadMe file for additional details.Dufort_Barker_Ag_ph_STR_sizes.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9594945
title: Data from: Association of in utero persistent organic pollutant exposure with placental thyroid hormones

description: In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can result in
 thyroid function disorder, leading to concerns about their impact on fetal
 and neonatal development. The present study was performed to investigate
 the associations between placental levels of various POPs and thyroid
 hormones (THs). In a prospective Danish study initially established for
 assessing congenital cryptorchidism, 58 placenta samples were collected
 from mothers of boys born with (28) and without (30) cryptorchidism. The
 concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated
 biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs),
 organotin chemicals (OTCs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), thyroxine
 (T4), 3,3’,5-triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3’,5’-triiodothyronine (rT3)
 were measured. The associations between placental THs and various POPs
 were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Five PBDEs, 35 PCBs, 14
 PCDD/Fs, 3 OTCs, 25 OCPs, T4, T3, and rT3 were measured. No correlation
 between THs and the odds of cryptorchidism was found. Several POPs were
 significantly associated with THs: a) T4 was inversely associated with
 BDEs 99, 100, ΣPBDE, and 2378-TeCDD, and positively associated with
 1234678-HpCDF; b) T3 was positively associated with 2378-TeCDF and
 12378-PeCDF; c) rT3 was positively associated with PCB 81, 12378-PeCDF and
 234678-HxCDF, and inversely associated with tributyltin (TBT), ΣOTC, and
 methoxychlor (MOC). These results revealed that POP exposures were
 associated with TH levels in placenta, a possible mechanism for the
 impacts of POP exposures on children’s growth and development. This study
 provides new insight into the complexity of thyroid-disrupting properties
 of POPs. More research is needed to elucidate the biological consequences
 of POP exposures.
description: Supplemental
 Data_2018_06_04The supplemental
 material of manuscript "Association of In Utero Persistent Organic
 Pollutant Exposure with Placental Thyroid Hormones". Supplemental
 method, Supplemental Table 1, Supplemental Table 2, Supplemental Table
 3
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mmxrrk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 232 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Grammosolen dixonii",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 232 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000917-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4t420
title: Data from: The domain specificity of intertemporal choice in pinyon jays

description: When choosing between a piece of cake now versus a slimmer waistline in
 the future, many of us have difficulty with self-control. Food-caching
 species, however, regularly hide food for later recovery, sometimes
 waiting months before retrieving their caches. It remains unclear whether
 these long-term choices generalize outside of the caching domain. We
 hypothesized that the ability to save for the future is a general tendency
 that cuts across different situations. To test this hypothesis, we
 measured and experimentally manipulated caching to evaluate its
 relationship with operant measures of self-control in pinyon jays
 (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). We found no correlation between caching and
 self-control at the individual level, and experimentally increasing
 caching did not influence self-control. The self-control required for
 caching food, therefore, does not carry over to other foraging tasks,
 suggesting that it is domain specific in pinyon jays.
description: Caching and operant
 choice data and R scriptThese data were
 collected in two experiments in Lincoln, Nebraska, in which 12 pinyon jays
 (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) experienced two tasks: caching food items and
 selecting between smaller, sooner and larger, later food
 rewards.stevens_etal_2016.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.702mg
title: Data from: The melanocortin system regulates body pigmentation and social behaviour in a colour polymorphic cichlid fish

description: The melanocortin system is a neuroendocrine system that regulates a range
 of physiological and behavioural processes. We examined the extent to
 which the melanocortin system simultaneously regulates colour and
 behaviour in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. We found that yellow
 males are more aggressive than blue males, in line with previous studies.
 We then found that exogenous α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)
 increases yellowness of the body and dispersal of xanthophore pigments in
 both morphs. However, α-MSH had a morph-specific effect on aggression,
 with only blue males showing an increase in the rate of aggression.
 Exogenous agouti signalling peptide (ASIP), a melanocortin antagonist, did
 not affect coloration but reduced the rate of aggression in both colour
 morphs. Blue males had higher cortisol levels than yellow males. Neural
 gene expression of melanocortin receptors (mcr) and ligands was not
 differentially regulated between colour morphs. In the skin, however, mc1r
 and pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) β were upregulated in blue males, while
 asip 1 was upregulated in yellow males. The effects of α-MSH on behaviour
 and body coloration, combined with morph-specific regulation of the stress
 response and the melanocortin system, suggest that the melanocortin system
 contributes to the polymorphism in behaviour and coloration in A. burtoni.
description: data melanocortin
 projectdata melanocortin
 project: dataset on hormones (testosterone, cortisol), color morph,
 behavior and gene expression measurement. Melanophore and Xanthophore:
 datset on change in chromatophore size. Poa and skin expression: gene
 expression data. pharma: alpha-MSH and ASIP pharmacology data on behaviour
 and colorationmelanocortin
 data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j26qv
title: Data from: Avian brood parasitism and ectoparasite richness – scale-dependent diversity interactions in a three-level host-parasite system

description: Brood parasitic birds, their foster species and their ectoparasites form a
 complex co-evolving system composed of three hierarchical levels. However,
 effects of hosts’ brood parasitic life-style on the evolution of their
 louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) lineages have never been
 tested. We present two phylogenetic analyses of ectoparasite richness of
 brood parasitic clades. Our hypothesis was that brood parasitic life-style
 affects louse richness negatively across all avian clades due to the lack
 of vertical transmission routes. Then, narrowing our scope to brood
 parasitic cuckoos, we explored macroevolutionary factors responsible for
 the variability of their louse richness. Our results show that taxonomic
 richness of lice is lower on brood parasitic clades than on their
 non-parasitic sister clades. On the other hand, we found a positive
 co-variation between the richness of cuckoos’ Ischnoceran lice and the
 number of their foster species, possibly due to the complex and dynamic
 subpopulation structure of cuckoo species that utilize several host
 species. We documented diversity interactions across a three-level host
 parasite system and we found evidence that brood parasitism has opposing
 effects on louse richness at two slightly differing macroevolutionary
 scales, namely the species richness and the genera richness.
description: A1The title refers to the
 analyses marked as A1 in the paper. This dataset contains louse richness
 measures of brood parasitic avian clades and that of their closest
 non-parasitic siter clades.A2This dataset describes
 brood parasitic Old World cuckoos' foster species richness and louse
 richness measures, as well as mean body mass, breeding area size, and
 habitat diversity of cuckoo species.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zgce4t
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 262 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is one of (China, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei, Macao)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Angiopteris fokiensis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 262 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000919-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.