cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-8w68-9813
title: Natural Hazards Research Summit 2024: Computational Wave Loads on an Idealized Near-Coast Structure Behind Nature-Based Protection

description: Climate change and its adverse impacts, such as rising sea levels, have intensified the risk of extreme flooding in coastal communities. These events significantly exacerbate the risks faced by near-coast structures and the communities that inhabit these regions. Coastal wetlands are known to play a crucial role in natural flood reduction, yet their precise impact on flood dynamics during extreme weather events remains underexplored. Specifically, their role in reducing flood loads due to surges and waves on near-coast structures requires more research. To shed light on the extent to which aquatic vegetation reduce wave loads, two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were employed. Using NHWAVE and Flow-3D as high-resolution CFD models offers a unique approach to understanding the complex interactions between wave dynamics and coastal vegetation and evaluate the suitability of each model, which resolve physics and different degrees, for computing wave loads. It was observed that both models effectively capture load trends and peak values. NHWAVE and Flow-3D compare well under non-breaking wave conditions, and for breaking wave conditions, the simulated peak load using NHWAVE is close to that of Flow-3D. Additionally, it was found that increases in stem density, rigidity, and height result in a reduction in wave loads. The findings of this study can be utilized by a broad audience, including coastal engineers, environmental scientists, urban planners, and policymakers to advance sustainable coastal management and climate adaptation.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-hwdv-c789
title: Simulating Nonlinear Seismic Collapse Performance of Steel Buildings with Concentrically Braced Frames
title: in Modeling and Analysis of Steel Frame Building Systems

description: This simulation project includes three related numerical models developed in the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) framework. Specifically, the project includes: (1) a model of bolted-bolted steel angle components; (2) a model of bolted-bolted steel angle connection subassemblies; and (3) a model of three-story, steel-framed prototype office buildings with chevron concentrically braced frame seismic force–resisting systems (SFRSs). All necessary source code, output, and analysis files for the models are provided.
description: In moderate-seismic regions, cost-effective steel building design solutions such as the R = 3 and Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frame (OCBF) systems cannot be expected to consistently provide reliable life-safety protection because the collapse performance behaviors of these systems are not thoroughly substantiated by experimental or historical evidence. Thus, a numerical study consisting of 2 conventional and 216 parameterized variations of a prototype seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) was developed to: (1) investigate low-ductility braced frame failure mechanisms and collapse performance capabilities; (2) quantify the influences of key design parameters on probabilistic collapse capacity; and (3) provide the basis for development of a robust and socioeconomically viable design alternative for low-ductility concentrically braced frame (CBF) systems. The numerical models were developed in the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) framework, and collapse probabilities were assessed through numerical simulations of ground motion excitations using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) procedure.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-2n0d-4s77
title: Ian-BD: pre- and post-disaster high-resolution aerial imagery for building damage assessment from Hurricane Ian.

description: Ian-BD is a high-resolution (0.3m/pixel) dataset comprising 101 pre- and post-disaster aerial image pairs collected following Hurricane Ian, a Category 4 hurricane that landed in Florida in September 2022. Pre-disaster imagery was acquired in early September 2022 from Lee County's Aerial Imagery database, while post-disaster imagery was obtained from NOAA's Hurricane Ian dataset on September 29th and 30th, 2022. Covering 80% of Lee County, with complete coverage of Sanibel Island, the dataset provides a valuable resource for studying the impacts of this significant natural disaster. Building footprints were delineated on pre-disaster images and transferred to post-disaster images, where four damage categories were assigned: no damage, minor damage, major damage, and destroyed. An independent team conducted quality control on all annotations. The dataset leverages existing Florida building databases, reducing the reliance on expensive commercial labeling software, and also addresses challenges in identifying buildings obscured by tree canopy in pre-disaster imagery. Following the success of the xBD and Ida-BD datasets, the Ian-BD dataset will significantly contribute to advancing building damage prediction models by enabling the development of more accurate and robust models tailored explicitly to high-resolution aerial imagery and contemporary building structures.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-2qg4-cn55
title: Event Briefing
title: in StEER - 18 March 2020 Utah Mw 5.7 Earthquake

description: This project encompasses the products of StEER's response to the March 18, 2020, magnitude 5.7 earthquake, striking 6 km NNE of Magna, Utah (just west of Salt Lake City): Event Briefing.
description: This Event Briefing is intended to: (1) to provide details of the 18 March Mw 5.7 Utah Earthquake, (2) to describe damage to buildings and transportation and industrial infrastructure, as well as disruption to the community in terms downtime and economic losses, and (3) to list key lessons learned.  Information provided herein was gathered from various websites, news channels, and USGS. As the product of entirely virtual reconnaissance, the Event Briefing is not based upon detailed field investigations by StEER.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-1bp9-qx57
title: 25 March 2021 Deep South Tornado Outbreak Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR)
title: in StEER - 25 March 2021 Deep South Tornado Outbreak

description: A well-warned, high-risk tornado event was verified across portions of Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia on March 25, 2021, producing 16 individual tornadoes, nine of which were EF2 or higher intensity (estimated wind speeds greater than 110 mph). Tragically, five fatalities were directly caused by the tornadoes, four in mobile or manufactured homes and a fifth in a non-permanent structure. A sixth fatality occurred in GA during search and rescue attempts. That more fatalities did not occur despite widespread damage was a testament to the National Weather Service and other members of the Integrated Warning Teams (IWT), with the high likelihood for tornadoes appearing in the convective outlooks several days prior to the event itself, and with prompt warning issuance and communication by local partners throughout the outbreak. 

The majority of the damage occurred to single-family residences, although at least three schools and several engineered buildings were also impacted to the extent that classes were forced to go back to remote-only until repairs could be made. The affected buildings were constructed with no consideration of tornadoes. Roof structure failures were common, with many roof failures associated with subsequent collapse of the exterior walls. Most concerning was a number of site-built homes that suffered complete collapse, some with damage patterns suggesting the shear walls or wall anchorage assembly were the weakest link in the load chain, resulting in unsafe collapses. 

This project encompasses the products of StEER's response to this event: Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR).
description: This Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR) is intended to: (1) provide an overview of the tornado outbreak, particularly relating to extreme wind and wind-borne debris impact on the built environment, (2) overview the regulatory environment and construction practices in the affected areas, (3) summarize the preliminary reports of damage to residential, commercial, institutional and religious structures, (4) document the circumstances of the fatalities that occurred in structures,
and (5) provide recommendations to inform the continued study of this event by the engineering reconnaissance community. As the product of entirely virtual reconnaissance, the PVRR is not based upon detailed field investigations by StEER.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-n5ne-5169
title: Event Briefing
title: in StEER - Hurricane Sally

description: Hurricane Sally made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane on 16 September 2020 in Gulf Shores, AL, at approximately the same location and exactly 16 years to the day when Hurricane Ivan made landfall as a Category 3 storm in 2004. Notably, Sally's slow forward speed (only 2 mph as it moved inland) led to heavy rainfall, making flooding a significant hazard in this event (Chincar, 2020). Two have been reported dead in Alabama — a drowning and a death during the cleanup in Baldwin County, while Florida authorities were still looking for a missing kayaker feared dead in Escambia County, at the time this briefing was released. Millions of dollars in losses have already been reported as officials in Alabama and the Florida panhandle continue to assess the storm’s impacts (Wang and Reeves, 2020). Since Sally was not a major hurricane and responses to Hurricane Laura were just concluding, StEER did not formally activate a Field Assessment Structural Team (FAST) for this event. However, with a number of StEER members residing in the affected area and intending to assess damage in their home state, StEER helped to support their efforts using its Fulcrum platform, while a small VAST compiled information on the hurricane and its impacts for this Event Briefing, which also includes a summary of the field observations of regional StEER members.
description: This Event Briefing is intended to: (1) to provide details of Hurricane Sally, (2) to describe damage to buildings and infrastructure, and (3) to list key lessons learned.  Information provided herein was gathered from various websites, news channels, and field observations from a regional scout team.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-z1ny-9p72
title: Application to Visualize LEAP-RPI-2020 Centrifuge Data

description: This standalone application allows users to visualize the results of the centrifuge tests conducted as part of LEAP-RPI-2020 (see the link to the data in Related Data and Software). The application prompts the user to select one of the LEAP universities and one of the centrifuge tests conducted at the corresponding facility. Then, the user can select to graph a number of quantities including time histories of accelerations, excess pore water pressure, and the sheet-pile wall displacement profile and permanent lateral surface displacement vectors of the backfill at the end of shaking. The user can also graph the profile of the cone penetration tip resistance (if a cone penetration test, CPT, was conducted), and an estimate of the associated relative density profile (obtained using the correlation developed by Sepulveda and Zeghal, 2024, https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-pphm-fz53). The application requires MATLAB Runtime which will be automatically downloaded and installed with the app executable. MATLAB Runtime is a standalone set of shared free libraries that do not require the MATLAB software nor the MATLAB license.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2qq4q
title: RPI1, RPI2, RPI3 - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Experiments, in PRJ-1843: LEAP-UCD-2017
title: in LEAP-UCD-2017 Experiments (Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects)

description: Twenty-four centrifuge model tests of liquefaction and lateral spreading, performed as part of a round robin test program, are shared and compared in this archive. Please see the general report section of the published project for an overview comparison and background of all of the experiments. One document in the report (with “ReadMe” in the file name) describes the organization of the data archive. The comparisons presented in the general report section will serve as an index to help the users find individual experiments of interest.  This data from 24 model tests is published as nine separate experiments in this archive (one experiment per centrifuge facility). Each "experiment" includes two or three model tests and each model test includes between one and three destructive shaking events.
All of the tests modeled a 4 m thick deposit of Ottawa F-65 sand with a 5-degree surface slope in a rigid box. The tests covered a range of ground motion intensities and a range of relative densities to define the median response and the sensitivity of the response to relative density and shaking intensity. The nine centrifuge facilities involved in this test program included Cambridge University (UK), Ehime University (Japan), IFSTTAR (France), NCU (Taiwan), KAIST (Korea), Kyoto University (Japan), RPI (USA), UC Davis (USA), and Zhejiang University (China).
description: Lateral spreading of a submerged slope for LEAP-UCD-2017
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-1jex-5d72
title: Long-term Economic Impacts of Repeated Flooding in East Palo Alto, CA

description: Presidential Major Disaster Declarations (PDs) are a key factor in determining the availability of federal grants and low-interest loans to support housing recovery in the United States. However, PDs are only issued after large disasters. After a disaster that does not trigger a PD, uninsured, lower-income households may be forced into debt to cover home repair costs. In the long term, paying off this debt reduces households' consumption, creating recovery challenges and impacts on the local economy. This study develops a methodology to evaluate long-term disaster impacts and uses it to investigate how PDs influence recovery. We present a case study using the city of East Palo Alto in California and demonstrate how PDs affect disaster outcomes under multiple flood hazard scenarios. Results show that a 20-year return period flood without a PD may lead to greater long-term losses than a 100-year return period flood accompanied by a PD and that issuing a PD can reduce long-term consumption losses for lower-income households by more than 50%. These results highlight that cities must adapt to dealing with repeated, localized flooding events that federal aid will not support.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-c5sm-1c95
title: Effects of density and slope angle on internal erosion in an unsaturated clayey sand slope
title: in Physical Modeling of Internal Erosion and Shallow Landslide Initiation in Unsaturated Slopes

description: Soil piping is a major contributor to soil erosion in many parts of the world, and collapse of eroded voids (pipes) can result in the formation of gullies and sinkholes or trigger slope instability. In dams and levees, soil piping is referred to as concentrated leak erosion and is one of the most dangerous forms of internal erosion. Despite these significant impacts, there is little understanding of factors controlling pipe collapse, and how water within the pipe influences moisture levels within a slope. In this study, physical models were used examine the development, enlargement, and possible collapse of eroded pipes in unsaturated slopes. The objective of these studies was to investigate how soil properties, pipe characteristics, and hydraulic conditions govern internal erosion processes and the connection between internal erosion and slope stability. Experiments used small initial defects to establish preferential flow paths, while systematically varying parameters including initial compaction moisture content and density, pipe condition (absent, closed, or open), slope angle, and model dimensions. Volumetric water content sensors monitored moisture evolution, while cameras captured slope responses to subsurface flow. Pipeflow rates, sediment concentrations, changes in pipe geometry, and post-test pipe features were analyzed to assess internal erosion dynamics. 
description: Soil piping (concentrated leak erosion) is a major contributor to soil erosion in many parts of the world, and collapse of eroded pipes can result in the formation of gullies and sinkholes or trigger slope instability. Despite these significant impacts, there is little understanding of factors controlling pipe collapse, and how water within the pipe influences moisture levels within a slope. In this study, physical models were employed on unsaturated model slopes with pre-formed macropores to investigate how soil properties, pipe characteristics, and hydraulic conditions govern internal erosion processes and slope stability. Experiments simulated shallow field conditions (0.45 m overburden) using 4 mm and 12 mm pipes to establish preferential flow paths, while varying model parameters including initial compaction moisture content and density, pipe condition (absent, closed, or open), slope angle, and model width. Volumetric water content sensors monitored moisture evolution, while cameras captured slope responses to subsurface flow. Results demonstrate that initial compaction conditions (water content and density), pipe size, hydraulic connectivity, and pipe condition control internal erosion processes and slope stability.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-pz1e-t297
title: Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU), NHERI 2022: Investigation of Peak Wind Loads on Roof-Mounted PV Systems

description: This project is looking at the aerodynamic effects of wind loads on roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems. Time histories of pressure and force coefficient data can be used to inform Finite Element Modeling of PV arrays to determine their behavior under the action of wind loads. Risk modelers can also benefit from the data to develop fragility models. This project presents a combined experimental-analytical approach, validated by field measurements, to investigate peak wind loads on rooftop PV arrays considering wind-induced dynamic effects. The primary audiences are researchers and scientists in the field of structural wind engineering, as well as risk modelers.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-tyca-se83
title: UW RAPID UAV Imaging
title: in Ridgecrest, CA earthquake sequence, July 4 and 5, 2019

description: The Ridgecrest Earthquake sequence included a M6.4 event on July 4 2019 followed by a M7.1 July 5 2019. These events occurred in the Eastern California Shear Zone, near Indian Wells Valley, south of China Lake and west of Searles Valley. The Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association has partnered with several organizations to collect perishable data and document the important impacts of these events, including the United States Geological Survey, the California Geological Survey, the US Navy, the Southern California Earthquake Center, the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and local utilities. Critical geotechnical features of this event are extensive surface ruptures, roads, water pipes, and gas pipes crossing the faults, liquefaction and lateral spreading, and liquefaction effects on structures. These effects are documented using field (ground) mapping, and Structure from Motion (SfM) using images collected by UAV's to develop high-resolution digital elevation models.
description: UAV's were deployed to gather images of the surface fault rupture for the M6.4 earthquake south of Highway 178. Structure from Motion (SfM) was utilized to create point clouds, and digital surface models were fit to the point cloud data. The point clouds, ortho mosaics, and digital surface models are the work products made available here.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-vzpa-a735
title: Semi-Structured Interview Protocol

description: Collection contains interview guide used to conduct semi-structured interviews with National Weather Service forecasters responsible for issuing tornado, flash flood, flood, and other hazards that can co-occur during hurricanes (29 interviews for Florence; 19 interviews for Harvey). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and names removed. Questions focused on demographic and employment information, main concerns and impacts from hurricanes in the County Warning Area for each office; process of assessing and issuing warnings for different water and wind threats; policies and practices for communicating these threats, as well as mechanisms for dissemination (e.g. social media); and what worked/didn't work; and what information or tools forecasters wish they could have for the next hurricane.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-ag21-vz41
title: RESTAB-inversion (REgional Seismic STABility)

description: This project provides access to the Matlab code, RESTAB-inversion. RESTAB stands for REgional Seismic STABility and can be used to back-analyze (i.e., invert) large numbers of earthquake-induced landslides that have occurred over a region. The code can generate the best-matching modeled landslides and strength data for each individual mapped landslide. The users can read the README file to apply the codes to analyze landslide inventories of their interest. The code is described in detail in the paper by Gong, Zekkos and Clark titled "A pseudo-3D methodology for regional-scale back-analysis of earthquake-induced landslides" added to Related Work.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-fq4w-xm79
title: In-depth Interviews with Stakeholders
title: in RAPID: Exploring Impacts of Cascading Failure and Recovery Efforts of Interdependent Critical Infrastructure in Socially Vulnerable Puerto Rican Communities After Hurricane Fiona

description: Collect data related to key stakeholder perceptions about Critical Infrastructure Failures after Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico.
description: To explore how the failure of the electric grid and the transportation infrastructure impacted socially vulnerable communities in the aftermath of Hurricane Fiona and understand how the recovery and reconstruction efforts of these interdependent infrastructures are prioritized for rapid recovery of the communities.
DOI: 10.17603/ds2-k18t-zc95
title: ISROC Dataset for: Presence of boulders associated with an extreme wave event in the western Mediterranean (Cape Cope, Murcia, Spain): possible evidence of a tsunami
title: in Inundation Signatures on Rocky Coastlines (ISROC) Global Coastal Boulder Deposits Datasets Version 1

description: This document contains standardized data as an Excel and NC file and explanatory notes for "Presence of boulders associated with an extreme wave event in the western Mediterranean (Cape Cope, Murcia, Spain): possible evidence of a tsunami." The project surveyed 48 coastal boulder deposits at Cape Cope in Spain. Despite having tectonic activity, there is no record of tsunamis, except for a ridge of boulders. These boulders can determine whether tsunamis occur here.
description: This project is a collection of datasets on studies about coastal boulder deposits worldwide. Each document is a unique dataset that contains data from a published study. The document's name reflects the name of the associated paper, and all authors of papers are given credit in the respective document. Each dataset's data is standardized into an ISROC-formatted Excel and NC File. Also, every dataset has explanatory notes, which contain a data dictionary explaining data parameters and appropriate units, Some datasets have the raw data given to ISROC by the paper's authors. By creating a database in the public domain, ISROC hopes to promote academic collaboration in the field. ISROC, an NSF-funded research network, funds this project.