cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqc7z
title: Multi-fidelity modelling of shark skin denticle flows: Insights into drag generation mechanisms

description: We investigate the flow over smooth (non-ribletted) shark skin denticles
 in an open-channel flow using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and two
 Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) closures. Large peaks in pressure
 and viscous drag are observed at the denticle crown edges, where they are
 exposed to high-speed fluid which penetrates between individual denticles,
 increasing shear and turbulence. Strong lift forces lead to a positive
 spanwise torque acting on individual denticles, potentially encouraging
 bristling if the denticles were not fixed. However, DNS predicts that
 denticles ultimately increase drag by 58 % compared to a flat plate. Good
 predictions of drag distributions are obtained by RANS models, although an
 underestimation of turbulent kinetic energy production leads to an
 underprediction of drag. Nevertheless, RANS methods correctly predict
 trends in the drag data and the regions contributing most to viscous and
 pressure drag. Subsequently, RANS models are used to investigate the
 dependence of drag on the flow blockage ratio (boundary layer to roughness
 height ratio), finding that the drag increase due to denticles is halved
 when the blockage ratio δ /h is increased from 14 to 45. Our results
 provide an integrated understanding of the drag over non-ribletted
 denticles, enabling existing diverse drag data to be explained.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kdg6
title: Data from: Multi-locus homozygosity promotes actuarial senescence in a wild mammal

description: Genome-wide homozygosity, caused for example by inbreeding, is expected to
 have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction. Evolutionary
 theory predicts that any fitness costs are likely to be detected in late
 life because natural selection will filter out negative impacts on younger
 individuals with greater reproductive value. Here we infer associations
 between multi-locus homozygosity, sex, disease, and age-dependent
 mortality risks using Bayesian analysis of the life histories of wild
 European badgers (Meles meles) in a population naturally infected with
 Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis). We find
 important effects of multi-locus homozygosity on all parameters of the
 Gompertz-Makeham mortality hazard function, but particularly in
 later-life. Our findings confirm the predicted association between genomic
 homozygosity and actuarial senescence. Increased homozygosity is
 particularly associated with an earlier onset, and greater rates of
 actuarial senescence, regardless of sex. The association between
 homozygosity and actuarial senescence is further amplified among badgers
 putatively infected with bovine tuberculosis. These results recommend
 further investigation into the ecological and behavioural processes that
 result in genome-wide homozygosity, and focused work on whether
 homozygosity is harmful or beneficial during early life-stages.
description: The capture, examination and sampling of live badgers was carried
 out under Home Office Project Licence PP3493437 and preceding versions of
 this licence. Data used were collected from a long-term
 capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study of a wild population of badgers at
 Woodchester Park in Gloucestershire (Delahay et al., 2013).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z34tmpghz
title: Both selection and drift drive the spatial pattern of adaptive genetic variation in a wild mammal

description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been intensively studied to
 test for the relative effects of different evolutionary forces in recent
 decades. Pathogen-mediated balancing selection is generally thought to
 explain the high polymorphism observed in MHC genes, but it is still
 unclear to what extent MHC diversity is shaped by selection relative to
 neutral drift. In this study, we genotyped MHC class II DRB genes and 15
 neutral microsatellite loci across 26 geographic populations of European
 badgers (Meles meles) covering most of their geographic range. By
 comparing the variation of microsatellites and the diversity of MHC at
 different levels, we demonstrate that both balancing selection and drift
 have shaped the evolution of MHC genes. When only MHC allelic identity was
 investigated, the spatial pattern of MHC variation was similar to that of
 microsatellites. By contrast, when functional aspects of the MHC diversity
 (e.g. immunological supertypes) were considered, balancing selection
 appears to decrease genetic structuring across populations. Our
 comprehensive sampling and analytical approach enable us to conclude that
 the likely mechanisms of selection are heterozygote advantage and/or
 rare-allele advantage. This study is a clear demonstration of how both
 balancing selection and genetic drift simultaneously affect the evolution
 of MHC genes in a widely-distributed wild mammal.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dussgd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Exostyles venusta",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003311-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v5m
title: Understanding the incidence and timing of rabies cases in domestic animals and wildlife in south-east Tanzania in the presence of widespread domestic dog vaccination campaigns

description: The “Zero by 30” strategic plan aims to eliminate human deaths from
 dog-mediated rabies by 2030, and domestic dog vaccination is a vital
 component of this strategic plan. In areas where domestic dog vaccination
 has been implemented, it is important to assess the impact of this
 intervention. Additionally, understanding temporal and seasonal trends in
 the incidence of animal rabies cases may assist in optimizing such
 interventions. Data on the incidence of probable rabies cases in domestic
 and wild animals were collected between January 2011 and December 2018 in
 thirteen districts of south-east Tanzania where jackals comprise over 40%
 of reported rabies cases. Vaccination coverage was estimated over this
 period, as five domestic dog vaccination campaigns took place in all
 thirteen districts between 2011 and 2016. Negative binomial generalized
 linear models were used to explore the impact of domestic dog vaccination
 on the annual incidence of animal rabies cases, whilst generalized
 additive models were used to investigate the presence of temporal and/or
 seasonal trends. Increases in domestic dog vaccination coverage were
 significantly associated with a decreased incidence of rabies cases in
 both domestic dogs and jackals. A 35% increase in vaccination coverage was
 associated with a reduction in the incidence of probable dog rabies cases
 of between 78.0 and 85.5% (95% confidence intervals ranged from 61.2 to
 92.2%) and a reduction in the incidence of probable jackal rabies cases of
 between 75.3 and 91.2% (95% confidence intervals ranged from 53.0 to
 96.1%). A statistically significant common seasonality was identified in
 the monthly incidence of probable rabies cases in both domestic dogs and
 jackals with the highest incidence from February to August and lowest
 incidence from September to January. These results align with evidence
 supporting the use of domestic dog vaccination as part of control
 strategies aimed at reducing animal rabies cases in both domestic dogs and
 jackals in this region. The presence of a common seasonal trend requires
 further investigation but may have implications for the timing of future
 vaccination campaigns.
description: All data files are in CSV format.  Details of
 data collection are provided within the paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk0xt
title: Living kidney donor evaluation is associated with early identification of life‐changing diagnoses in potentially healthy donor candidates

description: Background: In order to ensure eligibility for living kidney donation,
 donor candidates undergo a thorough medical evaluation. This process might
 reveal hitherto undetected medical conditions, leading to refusal of the
 kidney donor candidate. Detection of such conditions may, however, also
 have a lifesaving effect. We report on 13 years of data from our living
 donor transplantation program on kidney donor candidates who were
 diagnosed with major medical conditions during evaluation. Materials and
 Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of living kidney donor
 candidates who attended our transplant center between 01/2007 and 12/2019.
 The main focus was on newly diagnosed medical conditions that required
 immediate medical attention and their prognostic significance. Results: Of
 the 436 donor candidates who were evaluated for living kidney donation at
 our transplant center, 192 (44%) were accepted, while 244 (56%) were
 excluded from donation. Interestingly, 81 (33.1%) of the ineligible donor
 candidates were newly diagnosed as having a medical condition that
 required immediate attention. While 45 (18.5%) candidates were newly
 diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes, 12 (4.9%) candidates had hitherto
 undetected malignancies, 10 candidates (4.1%) had cardiac disease, 5
 (2.0%) hypertension with end-organ damage, and 4 (1.6%) suffered from
 kidney disease. The remaining 4 candidates (1.6%) were diagnosed with
 gastrointestinal diseases, and 1 candidate (0.2%) had an endocrine
 disorder. Conclusion: A comprehensive evaluation process for living kidney
 donation facilitates the identification of life-changing diagnoses in a
 significant proportion of candidates, and secures immediate medical
 attention.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m63xsj45k
title: Data from: The first high-resolution aerosol pH change since industrial revolution constructed by the nitrogen isotopes of ice core ammonium

description: Aerosol acidity has broad significance in the atmosphere and ecosystems;
 however, a reliable way to quantify its changes over long time is lacking.
 Here, we propose a new approach calculating aerosol pH based on the
 nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of aerosol ammonium (NH4+) and
 for the first time reconstruct historical trajectory of aerosol pH over
 the last two centuries via δ15N of NH4+ achieved in a Tibetan ice core. We
 observed a significant decrease in δ15N of ice core NH4+ by 13‰ from the
 preindustrial to modern era, corresponding to a decreased in aerosol pH by
 0.75 units. The decline in pH demonstrates a dominant role of
 anthropogenic emissions in acid gases over alkaline gases since Industrial
 Revolution. Our study also suggests that spatiotemporal patterns of
 aerosol acidity could be widely revealed by future nitrogen stable isotope
 of aerosol or ice core ammonium measurement, which in turn will promote
 the understanding in aerosol chemistry in the context of global
 environmental changes.y in the context of global environmental changes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkh94
title: Code and imaging data for: Mouse epidermal chromatin architecture

description: Stem cell differentiation requires dramatic changes in gene expression and
 global remodeling of chromatin architecture. How and when chromatin
 remodels relative to the transcriptional, behavioral, and morphological
 changes during differentiation remain unclear, particularly in an intact
 tissue context. Here, we develop a quantitative pipeline that leverages
 fluorescently-tagged histones and longitudinal imaging to track
 large-scale chromatin compaction changes within individual cells in a live
 mouse. Applying this pipeline to epidermal stem cells, we reveal that
 cell-to-cell chromatin compaction heterogeneity within the stem cell
 compartment emerges independent of cell cycle status, and instead is
 reflective of differentiation status. Chromatin compaction state gradually
 transitions over days as differentiating cells exit the stem cell
 compartment. Moreover, establishing live imaging of keratin-10 nascent
 RNA, which marks the onset of stem cell differentiation, we find that
 keratin-10 transcription is highly dynamic and largely precedes the global
 chromatin compaction changes associated with differentiation. Together,
 these analyses reveal that stem cell differentiation involves dynamic
 transcriptional states and gradual chromatin rearrangement.
description: MatLab, R.
DOI: 10.6078/d1cx2r
title: Mus musculus domesticus filtered autosomal variants from eastern United States, Germany, and France

description: The Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) is a widespread
 human commensal that has recently been introduced to North America. Its
 introduction to the Americas is thought to have resulted from the
 transatlantic movements of Europeans that began in the early 16th century.
 To examine the details of this colonization history, we examine population
 structure, explore relevant demographic models, and infer the timing of
 divergence among house mouse populations in the eastern United States
 using published exome sequences from five North American populations and
 two European populations. Our findings support a recent introduction of
 Western European house mice to eastern North America, highlighting the
 effects of human migration and colonization on the spread of an invasive
 human commensal.
DOI: 10.25824/redu/bvee9n
title: Dados relativos à tese “Quando a prática reinventa a teoria: o serviço de ortofrenia e higiene mental e as professoras da Capital Federal (1934-1939)"

description: O relatório sistematiza os dados utilizados pela tese intitulada “Quando A Prática Reinventa a Teoria: o Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental e as professoras da Capital Federal (1934-1939)”. Divide-se em livros, artigos de jornais, entrevistas, correspondências, homenagens, Fichas do Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental (SOHM) questionários com professoras e diretoras, diálogos surpreendidos entre as crianças e documentos oficiais produzidos pelas Escolas Experimentais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante a década de 1930, pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais (IPE) dentre outros órgãos da Educação carioca do período. Por constituírem parte de arquivos sob a guarda de outras instituições, os documentos não são replicados na íntegra, oferecendo-se, entretanto, as informações necessárias para o acesso facilitado.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5tn6
title: Data from: The viewer doesn’t always seem to care - response to fake animal rescues on YouTube and implications for social media self-policing policies

description: Animal-related content on social media is hugely popular but is not always
 appropriate in terms of how animals are portrayed or how they are treated.
 This has potential implications beyond the individual animals involved,
 for viewers, for wild animal populations, and for societies and their
 interactions with animals. Whilst social media platforms usually publish
 guidelines for permitted content, enforcement relies at least in part on
 viewers reporting inappropriate posts. Currently, there is no external
 regulation of social media platforms. Based on a set of 241 "fake
 animal rescue" videos that exhibited clear signs of animal cruelty
 and strong evidence of being deliberately staged (i.e. fake), we found
 little evidence that viewers disliked the videos and an overall mixed
 response in terms of awareness of the fake nature of the videos, and their
 attitudes towards the welfare of the animals involved. Our findings
 suggest, firstly, that despite the narrowly defined nature of the videos
 used in this case study, exposure rates can be extremely high (one of the
 videos had been viewed over 100 million times), and, secondly, that many
 YouTube viewers cannot identify (or are not concerned by) animal welfare
 or conservation issues within a social media context. In terms of the
 current policy approach of social media platforms, our findings raise
 questions regarding the value of their current reliance on consumers as
 watch dogs.
description: <strong>Data collection</strong>
 The dataset pertains to 241YouTube videos identified using the
 search function in YouTube and the search terms "primitive man
 saves" and "primitive boy saves" between May and July 2021;
 supplemented with additional similar videos held in a database collated by
 Animals for Asia (www.asiaforanimals.com). Video metrics were extracted automatically between 24.06.21 and 02.08.21 using the "tuber" package in R (Sood 2020, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tuber/tuber.pdf ). Additional information (e.g. on animal taxa) was obtained manually by screening the videos. For five of the videos that received &gt; 1,000 comments, comment text was also extracted using the tuber package. Only publicly available videos were accessed.   <strong>Data processing</strong> Users (video posters and commenters) have been de-identified. For each video for which comment text was analysed, the text was converted into a list of the most frequently used words and emojis. Please refer to the manuscript for further details on the methods and approach used to identify and define the most frequently used words/emojis, and to assign sentiment scores.
description: The dataset is in .xlsx format and contains four
 sheets: 1. A description of the variables in the other
 sheets 2. YouTube videos and associated
 metrics 3. The most frequently occuring words in the
 comment text 4. The most frequently occuring emojis in
 the comment text
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jm63xsjf8
title: Cyanobacterial- and moss-forming biocrusts consistently mitigate the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration along a continental precipitation gradient

description: 1. Biocrusts are prevalent and participate in many soil organic carbon (C)
 processes in drylands. The predicted increase in aridity will expand the
 biocrust cover and significantly impact soil organic C dynamics. However,
 how biocrusts change soil organic C decomposition and what factors drive
 the effect in response to climate warming remains largely unknown at a
 continental scale. 2. We measured microbial respiration and its
 temperature sensitivity (Q10) in bare soil lacking biocrusts and two
 universal biocrusted soils (cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil) from 43
 sites across a precipitation gradient from 39 mm to 443 mm to evaluate the
 relative effects of biocrusts on Q10 and the driving forces in northern
 China’s dryland. 3. Microbial respiration increased and Q10 decreased with
 increasing precipitation in bare soil, cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted
 soil. Biocrusts positively affected microbial respiration, with a more
 substantial magnitude by moss crusts than cyanobacterial crusts. Biocrusts
 negatively impacted Q10, and the magnitudes were similar between moss and
 cyanobacterial crusts. Most importantly, the relative effects of biocrusts
 on microbial respiration and Q10 increased with decreasing precipitation.
 4. The positive effects of biocrusts on soil organic C content and
 microbial biomass carbon were positively correlated with the level of
 increased microbial respiration. Contrastingly, the magnitude of reduced
 Q10 was attributed to the biocrusts’ positive effects on soil organic C
 quality and adverse effects on the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs (F:
 B). 5. Our study provides strong evidence that biocrusts decrease the
 temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in northern China’s
 dryland. This result suggests that the predicted expanding biocrust cover
 is crucial for maintaining the soil organic C stability by buffering the
 positive impacts of climate warming on soil organic C decomposition in
 drylands.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.37gkau
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 128 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Tomato black ring virus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 128 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003313-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2zfn
title: Early filial cannibalism revisited

description: Offspring desertion by parents generally occurs at an early stage of
 parental care, which is considered to minimize the costs
 of parental care prior to desertion. This
 study investigated the effects of endocrinological constraint on
 early total filial cannibalism by male Rhabdoblennius
 nitidus in the field, a paternal brooding
 blennid fish with androgen-dependent brood cycling. In brood reduction
 experiments, cannibal males showed low levels
 of plasma 11-ketotestosterone (KT) relative to non-cannibals, and
 also similar levels of 11-KT to males in the parental care phase. Since
 11-KT regulates male courtship intensity, males with decreased courtship
 activity would exhibit total filial cannibalism.
 However, there is a possibility that a transient
 increase in 11-KT levels at the early stage of parental care delays total
 filial cannibalism. In contrast, total filial cannibalism could
 occur before a decline to the lowest 11-KT levels, at which males might
 still be able to exhibit courtships, probably to reduce the costs of
 parental care. To understand how much and
 when caregiving males exhibit mating and parental care
 behaviors, it is important to consider not only the presence of
 endocrinological constraint but also its intensity and flexibility.
description: All statistical analyses were
 conducted using R version 3.5.2 (R Development Core Team,
 2018).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mcvdnck4d
title: Data and code: Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions

description: Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct
 and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale.
 However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread
 by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether
 large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human
 disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore
 networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational
 gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network
 dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative
 avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1,496 plant and 1,004 bird species)
 distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show
 that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not
 network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and
 along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that
 biogeographic boundaries delineate the world’s biodiversity of
 interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of
 disturbances at large spatial scales.
description: Zip-file including the Data and Code necessary for reproducing
 the analyses from 'Global and regional ecological boundaries explain
 abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions'.
 General Information regarding the data is included as a pdf file in the
 download.