cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17273295
title: From Rule-Based to LLMs: A Performance and Variability Analysis of Galician Machine Translation Models (resultados)

description: Descrición (Galego)

Presentamos tres ficheiros CSV cos resultados obtidos na avaliación da tradución automática para os pares lingüísticos inglés-galego (resultados_SEPLN_2025_en2gl.csv), español-galego (resultados_SEPLN_2025_es2gl.csv) e portugués-galego (resultados_SEPLN_2025_pt2gl.csv) en ambas direccións de tradución. Estes datos inclúen os resultados en BLEU, chrF, TER e COMET para unha ampla variedade de modelos, desde sistemas baseados en regras (RBMT) ata grandes modelos de linguaxe (LLMs). Os resultados forman parte do artigo presentado na SEPLN 2025: From Rule-Based to LLMs: A Performance and Variability Analysis of Galician Machine Translation Models.

Description (English)

We present three CSV files containing the results of machine translation evaluation for the English-Galician (resultados_SEPLN_2025_en2gl.csv), Spanish-Galician (resultados_SEPLN_2025_es2gl.csv), and Portuguese-Galician (resultados_SEPLN_2025_pt2gl.csv) language pairs. The datasets include the BLEU, chrF, TER and COMET for a wide range of models, from rule-based systems (RBMT) to large language models (LLMs). These results are part of the paper presented at SEPLN 2025: From Rule-Based to LLMs: A Performance and Variability Analysis of Galician Machine Translation Models.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.27210.43205
title: manifolds-3.2-verified-20260120 144023.tar
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9jyeqd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Valeriana excelsa, Valeriana excelsa, Valeriana repens, Valeriana repens, Valeriana repens, Valeriana procurrens)",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((8.643 46.99, 14.1 46.92, 14.43 50.75, 8.534 50.83, 8.643 46.99))",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2010",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 50",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Human Observation, Machine Observation, Material sample)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002572-260119153935675/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nj8ys5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 618 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Apristurus aphyodes"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 618 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002571-260119153935675/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pbtjyg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-2.5856 34.2073,-2.6015 34.2388,-2.6396 34.2523,-2.6777 34.2388,-2.6936 34.2073,-2.6777 34.1758,-2.6396 34.1623,-2.6015 34.1758,-2.5856 34.2073))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aves"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002568-260119153935675/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.14272/huzdokpiycgbia-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000595
title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) (2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane)
title: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3

description: dataset for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR)
DOI: 10.14272/huzdokpiycgbia-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0001146
title: 1H--13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C HSQC) (2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane)
title: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3

description: dataset for 1H--13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C HSQC)
DOI: 10.14272/huzdokpiycgbia-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000593
title: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) (2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane)
title: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3

description: dataset for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)
DOI: 10.14272/huzdokpiycgbia-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000763
title: attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) (2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane)
title: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3

description: dataset for attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)
DOI: 10.14272/huzdokpiycgbia-uhfffaoysa-n.1
title: 2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane
title: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3

description: This is a physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] associated with a molecule[CHEBI_25367].
 The molecule[CHEBI_25367] can be described by the following structural desciptors[cheminf_000085]:
 InChI descriptor[cheminf_000113]: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3, and canonical SMILES descriptor[cheminf_000007]: Cc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)CC1OCCO1, and by the IUPAC name[cheminf_000107]: 2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane.
 
 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] has a component solvent[CHEBI_46787] which is described by the canonical SMILES descriptor[cheminf_000007]:
 
 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] has the following Sample ID as registered in the research data repository chemotion (www.chemotion-repository.net, https://doi.org/10.25504/FAIRsharing.iagXcR): CRS-59506

 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] can be described by the physical descriptors [CHEMINF_000025]:
 Melting point descriptor[CHEMINF_000256]: 86.9 (°C)
 Boiling point descriptor[CHEMINF_000257]: 
 Refractive index descriptor[CHEMINF_000253]:

 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] can be further described by the following assays[OBI:0000070][CHMO:0001133]:
 
 CHMO:0000593 | 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)
 
 CHMO:0000595 | 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR)
 
 CHMO:0001146 | 1H--13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C HSQC)
 
 CHMO:0000763 | attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)
 
 CHMO:0002338 | electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection (ESI Q-TOF)
 
 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] was deposited to the Molecule Archive of the Karlsruhe Insitute of Technology (KIT) with the following Sample ID: 

 Used ontologies:
 CHEBI - Chemical Entities of Biological Interest
 CHEMINF - chemical information ontology (information entities about chemical entities)
 CHMO - Chemical Methods Ontology
 OBI - Ontology for Biomedical Investigations
DOI: 10.14272/huzdokpiycgbia-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0002338
title: electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection (ESI Q-TOF) (2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolane)
title: InChI=1S/C11H14O4S/c1-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)16(12,13)8-11-14-6-7-15-11/h2-5,11H,6-8H2,1H3

description: dataset for electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection (ESI Q-TOF)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bsc47d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 kingdom,
 kingdomkey,
 phylum,
 phylumkey,
 class,
 classkey,
 "order",
 orderkey,
 family,
 familykey,
 genus,
 genuskey,
 species,
 specieskey,
 "year",
 countrycode countrycode,
 IF(ISNULL(kingdomkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY kingdomkey, countrycode, "year")) kingdomcount,
 IF(ISNULL(phylumkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY phylumkey, countrycode, "year")) phylumcount,
 IF(ISNULL(classkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY classkey, countrycode, "year")) classcount,
 IF(ISNULL(orderkey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY orderkey, countrycode, "year")) ordercount,
 IF(ISNULL(familykey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY familykey, countrycode, "year")) familycount,
 IF(ISNULL(genuskey), NULL, SUM(COUNT(*)) OVER (
 PARTITION BY genuskey, countrycode, "year")) genuscount,
 COUNT(*) occurrences,
 MIN(GBIF_TEMPORALUNCERTAINTY(eventdate, eventtime)) mintemporaluncertainty,
 MIN(COALESCE(coordinateuncertaintyinmeters, 1000)) mincoordinateuncertaintyinmeters
FROM
 occurrence
WHERE
 occurrence.datasetkey = 'f10e174b-9c6e-4971-9b8f-7b24684662fc'
 AND occurrence.hasgeospatialissues = FALSE
 AND NOT GBIF_STRINGARRAYCONTAINS(occurrence.issue, 'TAXON_MATCH_FUZZY', TRUE)
 AND (occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters &gt;= 2000.0 OR occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters IS NULL)
 AND NOT occurrence.basisofrecord IN ('FOSSIL_SPECIMEN', 'LIVING_SPECIMEN')
 AND occurrence.occurrencestatus = 'PRESENT'
 AND (occurrence.specieskey IS NOT NULL AND occurrence."year" IS NOT NULL AND occurrence.hascoordinate = TRUE)
GROUP BY
 occurrence.kingdom,
 occurrence.kingdomkey,
 occurrence.phylum,
 occurrence.phylumkey,
 occurrence.class,
 occurrence.classkey,
 occurrence."order",
 occurrence.orderkey,
 occurrence.family,
 occurrence.familykey,
 occurrence.genus,
 occurrence.genuskey,
 occurrence.species,
 occurrence.specieskey,
 occurrence."year",
 occurrence.countrycode

 The dataset's 0 records were derived from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002554-260119153935675/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ag7a67
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((116.061 -1.433819, 115.990715 -1.439385, 115.922159 -1.455945, 115.85702 -1.483093, 115.796901 -1.520159, 115.743281 -1.566232, 115.697481 -1.620179, 115.660627 -1.68067, 115.633629 -1.746217, 115.617151 -1.815207, 115.611601 -1.885942, 115.617115 -1.956679, 115.633561 -2.025677, 115.660534 -2.091237, 115.69737 -2.151744, 115.743165 -2.205708, 115.796791 -2.251799, 115.856927 -2.288881, 115.922091 -2.316041, 115.990679 -2.33261, 116.061 -2.338179, 116.131321 -2.33261, 116.199909 -2.316041, 116.265073 -2.288881, 116.325209 -2.251799, 116.378835 -2.205708, 116.42463 -2.151744, 116.461466 -2.091237, 116.488439 -2.025677, 116.504885 -1.956679, 116.510399 -1.885942, 116.504849 -1.815207, 116.488371 -1.746217, 116.461373 -1.68067, 116.424519 -1.620179, 116.378719 -1.566232, 116.325099 -1.520159, 116.26498 -1.483093, 116.199841 -1.455945, 116.131285 -1.439385, 116.061 -1.433819))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002574-260119153935675/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0001146
title: 1H--13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C HSQC) (1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: dataset for 1H--13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C HSQC)
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000763
title: attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) (1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: dataset for attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0002338
title: electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection (ESI Q-TOF) (1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: dataset for electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection (ESI Q-TOF)
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000595
title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) (1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: dataset for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR)
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000597
title: 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR) (1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: dataset for 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR)
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n.1
title: 1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: This is a physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] associated with a molecule[CHEBI_25367].
 The molecule[CHEBI_25367] can be described by the following structural desciptors[cheminf_000085]:
 InChI descriptor[cheminf_000113]: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3, and canonical SMILES descriptor[cheminf_000007]: Cc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)c1ccc(cc1)F, and by the IUPAC name[cheminf_000107]: 1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene.
 
 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] has a component solvent[CHEBI_46787] which is described by the canonical SMILES descriptor[cheminf_000007]:
 
 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] has the following Sample ID as registered in the research data repository chemotion (www.chemotion-repository.net, https://doi.org/10.25504/FAIRsharing.iagXcR): CRS-59521

 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] can be described by the physical descriptors [CHEMINF_000025]:
 Melting point descriptor[CHEMINF_000256]: 94.5 (°C)
 Boiling point descriptor[CHEMINF_000257]: 
 Refractive index descriptor[CHEMINF_000253]:

 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] can be further described by the following assays[OBI:0000070][CHMO:0001133]:
 
 CHMO:0002338 | electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection (ESI Q-TOF)
 
 CHMO:0000593 | 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)
 
 CHMO:0000595 | 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR)
 
 CHMO:0001146 | 1H--13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (1H-13C HSQC)
 
 CHMO:0000597 | 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR)
 
 CHMO:0000763 | attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)
 
 The physical chemical entity[CHEBI_24431] was deposited to the Molecule Archive of the Karlsruhe Insitute of Technology (KIT) with the following Sample ID: 

 Used ontologies:
 CHEBI - Chemical Entities of Biological Interest
 CHEMINF - chemical information ontology (information entities about chemical entities)
 CHMO - Chemical Methods Ontology
 OBI - Ontology for Biomedical Investigations
DOI: 10.14272/psdmtxmsqagppb-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000593
title: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) (1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C13H11FO2S/c1-10-2-6-12(7-3-10)17(15,16)13-8-4-11(14)5-9-13/h2-9H,1H3

description: dataset for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ctm7tc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((111.761 1.619182, 111.690709 1.613614, 111.62215 1.597047, 111.557012 1.569889, 111.4969 1.532809, 111.443293 1.486721, 111.397512 1.432761, 111.360684 1.372256, 111.333716 1.306698, 111.31727 1.237701, 111.31175 1.166964, 111.317292 1.096228, 111.333758 1.027236, 111.360742 0.961686, 111.39758 0.901192, 111.443365 0.8472420000000001, 111.496968 0.801165, 111.55707 0.764095, 111.622193 0.736945, 111.690731 0.720383, 111.761 0.714817, 111.831269 0.720383, 111.899807 0.736945, 111.96493 0.764095, 112.025032 0.801165, 112.078635 0.8472420000000001, 112.12442 0.901192, 112.161258 0.961686, 112.188242 1.027236, 112.204708 1.096228, 112.21025 1.166964, 112.20473 1.237701, 112.188284 1.306698, 112.161316 1.372256, 112.124488 1.432761, 112.078707 1.486721, 112.0251 1.532809, 111.964988 1.569889, 111.89985 1.597047, 111.831291 1.613614, 111.761 1.619182))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002573-260119153935675/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31095757
title: Supplementary Material for: Examining Referral Pathways for Patients With Hematuria: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis

description: Introduction: Follow-up for hematuria, often found incidentally on urinalysis, is critical as it may be an early sign of glomerular disease or malignancy. We evaluated nephrology and urology referral patterns for outpatients with hematuria, and factors associated with nephrology and urology referrals.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study leveraged electronic health record data from a large, regional health care system in Pennsylvania, USA. Outpatients with hematuria (≥1+ blood) on dipstick urinalysis from January 1, 2022, to September 30, 2022, without nephrology/urology appointments in the prior 10 years or prior genitourinary cancer were enrolled. The primary objective evaluated the proportion of outpatients with hematuria who had nephrology or urology referrals or appointments within 6 months following initial presentation. Secondary objectives evaluated concurrent proteinuria and follow-up testing patterns.

Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the 5,475 outpatients with hematuria on urinalysis was 60.5 (20.8) years, and most were female (78.0%). Overall, 774/5,475 (14.1%) patients with hematuria had a nephrology or urology referral/appointment within 6 months following presentation. Urine microscopy was performed at time of hematuria detection for 3,324/5,475 (60.7%) patients, of whom 2,388 (71.8%) had ≥3 red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field (HPF). Repeat urinalysis was performed for 1,582/5,475 (28.9%) patients. Increased referral likelihood was associated with male sex (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–2.7) and ≥30 RBCs/HPF on microscopy (odds ratio: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.1). Of 4,952 patients with proteinuria data, 2,375 (48.0%) had hematuria and ≥1+ protein on urinalysis, and 373/2,375 (15.7%) had nephrology (n = 58; 2.4%) and/or urology (n = 332; 14.0%) referrals within 6 months.

Conclusion: This study provides insight into current outpatient hematuria management patterns. The low referral rates, particularly with concurrent hematuria and proteinuria, highlight opportunities to improve management moving forward.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31095757.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Examining Referral Pathways for Patients With Hematuria: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis

description: Introduction: Follow-up for hematuria, often found incidentally on urinalysis, is critical as it may be an early sign of glomerular disease or malignancy. We evaluated nephrology and urology referral patterns for outpatients with hematuria, and factors associated with nephrology and urology referrals.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study leveraged electronic health record data from a large, regional health care system in Pennsylvania, USA. Outpatients with hematuria (≥1+ blood) on dipstick urinalysis from January 1, 2022, to September 30, 2022, without nephrology/urology appointments in the prior 10 years or prior genitourinary cancer were enrolled. The primary objective evaluated the proportion of outpatients with hematuria who had nephrology or urology referrals or appointments within 6 months following initial presentation. Secondary objectives evaluated concurrent proteinuria and follow-up testing patterns.

Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the 5,475 outpatients with hematuria on urinalysis was 60.5 (20.8) years, and most were female (78.0%). Overall, 774/5,475 (14.1%) patients with hematuria had a nephrology or urology referral/appointment within 6 months following presentation. Urine microscopy was performed at time of hematuria detection for 3,324/5,475 (60.7%) patients, of whom 2,388 (71.8%) had ≥3 red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field (HPF). Repeat urinalysis was performed for 1,582/5,475 (28.9%) patients. Increased referral likelihood was associated with male sex (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–2.7) and ≥30 RBCs/HPF on microscopy (odds ratio: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.1). Of 4,952 patients with proteinuria data, 2,375 (48.0%) had hematuria and ≥1+ protein on urinalysis, and 373/2,375 (15.7%) had nephrology (n = 58; 2.4%) and/or urology (n = 332; 14.0%) referrals within 6 months.

Conclusion: This study provides insight into current outpatient hematuria management patterns. The low referral rates, particularly with concurrent hematuria and proteinuria, highlight opportunities to improve management moving forward.
DOI: 10.14272/hfgozmwoloubay-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000593
title: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) (1-chloro-4-cyclopropylsulfonylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C9H9ClO2S/c10-7-1-3-8(4-2-7)13(11,12)9-5-6-9/h1-4,9H,5-6H2

description: dataset for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)
DOI: 10.14272/hfgozmwoloubay-uhfffaoysa-n/chmo0000595
title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) (1-chloro-4-cyclopropylsulfonylbenzene)
title: InChI=1S/C9H9ClO2S/c10-7-1-3-8(4-2-7)13(11,12)9-5-6-9/h1-4,9H,5-6H2

description: dataset for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR)