cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012968
title: Genetic improvement of Nellore cattle in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. The semi-arid region of Brazil represents approximately 57% of the northeastern territory. The main economic activity in this region is agriculture and livestock, in most cases, using traditional technologies. However, there is little published information currently available on cattle-raising in this part of Brazil. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and trends for productive and reproductive traits of Nellore cattle raised in semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Data were collected on weight-adjusted at 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of life, age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and scrotal circumference (SC) at 550 days of life of cattle born between 1965 and 2011. Estimates of covariance and variance were obtained through univariate analysis using a Gibbs sampler. The estimated coefficients of heritability (mode) were 0.27 (W205), 0.36 (W365) and 0.39 (W550), 0.37 (SC), 0.22 (AFC) and 0.03 (CI). Little or no gain from selection is apparent in the genetic trend analysis over the 45 years of the study. However, environmental improvement has allowed phenotypic progress in growth traits and age at first age calving.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012968.v1
title: Genetic improvement of Nellore cattle in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. The semi-arid region of Brazil represents approximately 57% of the northeastern territory. The main economic activity in this region is agriculture and livestock, in most cases, using traditional technologies. However, there is little published information currently available on cattle-raising in this part of Brazil. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and trends for productive and reproductive traits of Nellore cattle raised in semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Data were collected on weight-adjusted at 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of life, age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and scrotal circumference (SC) at 550 days of life of cattle born between 1965 and 2011. Estimates of covariance and variance were obtained through univariate analysis using a Gibbs sampler. The estimated coefficients of heritability (mode) were 0.27 (W205), 0.36 (W365) and 0.39 (W550), 0.37 (SC), 0.22 (AFC) and 0.03 (CI). Little or no gain from selection is apparent in the genetic trend analysis over the 45 years of the study. However, environmental improvement has allowed phenotypic progress in growth traits and age at first age calving.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012976
title: Anesthetic properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil for juvenile matrinxã

description: ABSTRACT. The matrinxã fish is suitable for Amazonian aquaculture, exhibiting positive characteristics such as good growth and feed conversion ratio. However, it is a very active fish and must be anesthetized for handling. The present study evaluated the use of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (EO) as anesthetic for juvenile matrinxãs. A first experiment assessed the induction time to anesthesia of 7 concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mg L-1 of O. gratissimum (EO). A second experiment investigated the physiological response to the anesthetic through analysis of tissue and blood parameters collected 0h (T0) and 24h after (T24) the experimental protocols that were applied to 4 groups: control, handling without O. gratissimum (EO) and handling with two EO levels. In the first experiment, fish were anesthetized within 10 min in the lowest EO concentration (20 mg L-1), and recovered within 2 min. As concentrations increased times to induction to anesthesia decreased from 10 min to 1 min (approximately). In the second experiment, plasma lactate, glucose and ammonia increased in the treatments involving handling and EO concentrations. After 24h, fish had recovered from the experimental procedures, and no mortality was observed in the next 30 days. Ocimum gratissimum was shown to be a suitable anesthetic for matrinxãs, and causes minimum stress to fish in the concentrations and exposure time applied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012976.v1
title: Anesthetic properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil for juvenile matrinxã

description: ABSTRACT. The matrinxã fish is suitable for Amazonian aquaculture, exhibiting positive characteristics such as good growth and feed conversion ratio. However, it is a very active fish and must be anesthetized for handling. The present study evaluated the use of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (EO) as anesthetic for juvenile matrinxãs. A first experiment assessed the induction time to anesthesia of 7 concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mg L-1 of O. gratissimum (EO). A second experiment investigated the physiological response to the anesthetic through analysis of tissue and blood parameters collected 0h (T0) and 24h after (T24) the experimental protocols that were applied to 4 groups: control, handling without O. gratissimum (EO) and handling with two EO levels. In the first experiment, fish were anesthetized within 10 min in the lowest EO concentration (20 mg L-1), and recovered within 2 min. As concentrations increased times to induction to anesthesia decreased from 10 min to 1 min (approximately). In the second experiment, plasma lactate, glucose and ammonia increased in the treatments involving handling and EO concentrations. After 24h, fish had recovered from the experimental procedures, and no mortality was observed in the next 30 days. Ocimum gratissimum was shown to be a suitable anesthetic for matrinxãs, and causes minimum stress to fish in the concentrations and exposure time applied.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012998
title: Development of the digestive system in larvae of the Neotropical fish Prochilodus argenteus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae)

description: ABSTRACT. The development of the digestive system in larvae of the Neotropical fish P. argenteus was analyzed histologically. On the 3rd day after hatching, the digestive system comprised oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus and simple undifferentiated tube. Since secreting cells, positive to Alcian Blue (AB), were found in the esophagus, digestive activity in the initial phase had occurred. On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the esophagus was positive for AB and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The stomach was fully differentiated, with the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. Different regions of the epithelium were characterized by basic and acidic secreting cells (AB and PAS positive). On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the intestine was long, coiled and divided into proximal, middle and distal segments with pyloric ceca. Secreting cells in different regions of the gut were either positive or negative for AB and PAS. Results showed that larvae of P. argenteus exhibited digestive activity on the third day after hatching, with fully differentiated stomach and intestines on the 18 and 28th days and their different regions featuring secreting cells.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013000
title: Interaction between afternoon aeration and tilapia stocking density

description: ABSTRACT. The present study aimed at determining the effects of the interaction between afternoon aeration and stocking density of Nile tilapia on variables of water and soil quality, growth performance and effluent quality. The experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial randomized block design, with three stocking densities (8, 12 and 16 fish per tank or 43.5, 65.3, and 87.0 g m-3) under two mechanical aeration regimes, absence (control; three replicates) and afternoon aeration (four replicates). The afternoon aeration was carried out from 12.00 a.m. up to 18.00 p.m. from the 3rd week until the end of the experiment. Except for the 16-fish tanks, the lowest concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen were found in the tanks with higher density of fish provided with afternoon aeration. Nitrite concentrations were lower in the 8-fish aerated tanks. In intensive system, the afternoon aeration of the fish culture water is an efficient management of water quality to remove gaseous ammonia and nitrite from water, but it is not appropriate to remove hydrogen sulfide from water.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012998.v1
title: Development of the digestive system in larvae of the Neotropical fish Prochilodus argenteus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae)

description: ABSTRACT. The development of the digestive system in larvae of the Neotropical fish P. argenteus was analyzed histologically. On the 3rd day after hatching, the digestive system comprised oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus and simple undifferentiated tube. Since secreting cells, positive to Alcian Blue (AB), were found in the esophagus, digestive activity in the initial phase had occurred. On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the esophagus was positive for AB and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The stomach was fully differentiated, with the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. Different regions of the epithelium were characterized by basic and acidic secreting cells (AB and PAS positive). On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the intestine was long, coiled and divided into proximal, middle and distal segments with pyloric ceca. Secreting cells in different regions of the gut were either positive or negative for AB and PAS. Results showed that larvae of P. argenteus exhibited digestive activity on the third day after hatching, with fully differentiated stomach and intestines on the 18 and 28th days and their different regions featuring secreting cells.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013000.v1
title: Interaction between afternoon aeration and tilapia stocking density

description: ABSTRACT. The present study aimed at determining the effects of the interaction between afternoon aeration and stocking density of Nile tilapia on variables of water and soil quality, growth performance and effluent quality. The experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial randomized block design, with three stocking densities (8, 12 and 16 fish per tank or 43.5, 65.3, and 87.0 g m-3) under two mechanical aeration regimes, absence (control; three replicates) and afternoon aeration (four replicates). The afternoon aeration was carried out from 12.00 a.m. up to 18.00 p.m. from the 3rd week until the end of the experiment. Except for the 16-fish tanks, the lowest concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen were found in the tanks with higher density of fish provided with afternoon aeration. Nitrite concentrations were lower in the 8-fish aerated tanks. In intensive system, the afternoon aeration of the fish culture water is an efficient management of water quality to remove gaseous ammonia and nitrite from water, but it is not appropriate to remove hydrogen sulfide from water.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013001.v1
title: Evaluation in situ digestibility of alfalfa in different grinds and textiles

description: ABSTRACT. Indigestible fractions of dry matter (iDM) and neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) in the feed of ruminants are mainly estimated by in situ incubation time with regard to particle size and textile types. Samples of alfafa, ground into three particle sizes, were analyzed. Samples, processed in a Willey mill with 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 mm sieve pores, were conditioned in F57 (Ankon(r)), nonwoven (100 g m-2) and polyester textile bags measuring 4 x 5 cm. Material was divided into 13 incubation periods and 8 replications, and incubated in the rumen of two multiparous cows adapted to a 70:30 diet, roughage:concentrate, respectively, for 288h. iDM and iNDF rates were evaluated sequentially for non-digested percentage and data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA p &lt; 0.05); means were compared by tukey's test (p &lt; 0.05). Particle size and material employed for incubation affected iDM and iFDN at the initial periods of incubation (p &lt; 0.05).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013001
title: Evaluation in situ digestibility of alfalfa in different grinds and textiles

description: ABSTRACT. Indigestible fractions of dry matter (iDM) and neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) in the feed of ruminants are mainly estimated by in situ incubation time with regard to particle size and textile types. Samples of alfafa, ground into three particle sizes, were analyzed. Samples, processed in a Willey mill with 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 mm sieve pores, were conditioned in F57 (Ankon(r)), nonwoven (100 g m-2) and polyester textile bags measuring 4 x 5 cm. Material was divided into 13 incubation periods and 8 replications, and incubated in the rumen of two multiparous cows adapted to a 70:30 diet, roughage:concentrate, respectively, for 288h. iDM and iNDF rates were evaluated sequentially for non-digested percentage and data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA p &lt; 0.05); means were compared by tukey's test (p &lt; 0.05). Particle size and material employed for incubation affected iDM and iFDN at the initial periods of incubation (p &lt; 0.05).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013004
title: Evaluation of digestion procedures in Kjeldahl method to quantify total nitrogen in analyses applied to animal nutrition

description: ABSTRACT. The effects of the salt-to-metal catalyst ratio and amount of digestion mixture on total nitrogen content in different materials using the Kjeldahl method were evaluated. Four samples with low nitrogen contents and four samples with high nitrogen contents were analyzed. The study evaluated two ratios of salt (sodium sulfate) to metal catalyst (copper sulfate) in the digestion mixture (10:1 and 20:1) and three amounts of digestion mixture per sample (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g 200 mg-1). There was an interaction between low-nitrogen material and amount of digestion mixture on nitrogen contents. Samples of cattle feces and corn presented higher nitrogen content when 1.5 and 2.0 g of digestion mixture were used. The high-nitrogen materials presented higher nitrogen contents when 2.0 g of the digestion mixture was used. However, there was an interaction between high-nitrogen material and the ratio of the digestion mixture components. The cattle carcass sample showed higher nitrogen content when the 20:1 ratio was used. The digestion mixture amount in the Kjeldahl method must be 2.0 g with a salt-to-metal catalyst ratio of 20:1 when samples of approximately 200 mg are analyzed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013004.v1
title: Evaluation of digestion procedures in Kjeldahl method to quantify total nitrogen in analyses applied to animal nutrition

description: ABSTRACT. The effects of the salt-to-metal catalyst ratio and amount of digestion mixture on total nitrogen content in different materials using the Kjeldahl method were evaluated. Four samples with low nitrogen contents and four samples with high nitrogen contents were analyzed. The study evaluated two ratios of salt (sodium sulfate) to metal catalyst (copper sulfate) in the digestion mixture (10:1 and 20:1) and three amounts of digestion mixture per sample (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g 200 mg-1). There was an interaction between low-nitrogen material and amount of digestion mixture on nitrogen contents. Samples of cattle feces and corn presented higher nitrogen content when 1.5 and 2.0 g of digestion mixture were used. The high-nitrogen materials presented higher nitrogen contents when 2.0 g of the digestion mixture was used. However, there was an interaction between high-nitrogen material and the ratio of the digestion mixture components. The cattle carcass sample showed higher nitrogen content when the 20:1 ratio was used. The digestion mixture amount in the Kjeldahl method must be 2.0 g with a salt-to-metal catalyst ratio of 20:1 when samples of approximately 200 mg are analyzed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013007
title: Cattle production supplemented on signal grass pastures during the rainy season

description: ABSTRACT. The effects of four supplement doses (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg animal-1 day-1) on pasture characteristics and on cattle production on Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk pastures in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate were assessed. Experimental design comprised completely randomized blocks with two replications. Concentrate supplementation did not influence mass (4141 kg ha-1 of DM) and production rate of forage (97.6 kg ha-1 day-1 of DM), morphological components and nutrition value in hand-plucked forage. Similarly, the number of live (1.607 tillers m²) and dead (636 tillers m²) tillers was not affected by concentrate supplementation. There were linear increases in animal performance (from 0.70 to 1.13 kg animal-1 day-1), stocking rate (1.9 to 3.8 animal unit ha-1) and animal production per area (1.8 to 6.2 kg ha-1 body weight) with supplementation doses. Concentrate supplementation does not change the structural characteristics of signal grass pastures managed in continuous stocking at 20 cm high, but increases animal production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013003
title: Productivity and nutritional value of African Star managed with different leaf blade mass

description: ABSTRACT. Pasture management with levels of leaf blades may favor significant increase in production, and the leaves indicated an important role in plant-animal relationship, caused by photosynthesis efficiency and better quality in animal diet. Current study identifies which leaf blade mass of the African star (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. Nlemfuensis) provides better productivity and nutritional value. Treatments comprised different leaf blade masses: 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 kg of dry matter ha-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and three repetitions, totaling 12 plots with 100 m2 each. Results indicated increase in production, in the leaf/stem ratio and in the interval days according to increase in leaf blade mass. Daily accumulation rate was similar to treatments. Crude protein decreased and fiber increased with rise in leaf blade mass and the highest forage productions were reported in the treatments 1200 and 1600 kg ha-1 leaf blade mass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013003.v1
title: Productivity and nutritional value of African Star managed with different leaf blade mass

description: ABSTRACT. Pasture management with levels of leaf blades may favor significant increase in production, and the leaves indicated an important role in plant-animal relationship, caused by photosynthesis efficiency and better quality in animal diet. Current study identifies which leaf blade mass of the African star (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. Nlemfuensis) provides better productivity and nutritional value. Treatments comprised different leaf blade masses: 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 kg of dry matter ha-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and three repetitions, totaling 12 plots with 100 m2 each. Results indicated increase in production, in the leaf/stem ratio and in the interval days according to increase in leaf blade mass. Daily accumulation rate was similar to treatments. Crude protein decreased and fiber increased with rise in leaf blade mass and the highest forage productions were reported in the treatments 1200 and 1600 kg ha-1 leaf blade mass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013007.v1
title: Cattle production supplemented on signal grass pastures during the rainy season

description: ABSTRACT. The effects of four supplement doses (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg animal-1 day-1) on pasture characteristics and on cattle production on Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk pastures in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate were assessed. Experimental design comprised completely randomized blocks with two replications. Concentrate supplementation did not influence mass (4141 kg ha-1 of DM) and production rate of forage (97.6 kg ha-1 day-1 of DM), morphological components and nutrition value in hand-plucked forage. Similarly, the number of live (1.607 tillers m²) and dead (636 tillers m²) tillers was not affected by concentrate supplementation. There were linear increases in animal performance (from 0.70 to 1.13 kg animal-1 day-1), stocking rate (1.9 to 3.8 animal unit ha-1) and animal production per area (1.8 to 6.2 kg ha-1 body weight) with supplementation doses. Concentrate supplementation does not change the structural characteristics of signal grass pastures managed in continuous stocking at 20 cm high, but increases animal production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013009
title: Duodenal histology and carcass quality of feedlot cattle supplemented with calcium butyrate and Bacillus subtilis

description: ABSTRACT. The experiment was carried out at the Comigo Technology Center, in Rio Verde, State of Goiás, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the effects of supplementation with calcium butyrate, as a growth promoting agent for the duodenal mucosa and Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic performance enhancer in feedlot cattle. Calcium butyrate (5 and 10 g per animal per day) and Bacillus (10 g per animal per day) were added to a basal diet. There were used 85 Nelore bulls, with average weight of 315 ± 7 kg. The experiment lasted 118 days, including the adaptation period, until slaughter at 30 months of age. Diets were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, where: T1 = control (basal diet); T2 = basal diet + 5 g calcium butyrate; T3 = basal diet + 10 g calcium butyrate and T4 = basal diet + 10 g calcium butyrate + 10 g probiotic with four replications and five to six animals per replication. It was used a forage: concentrate ratio of 30:70, the roughage used was the corn silage. Height and width measurements of intestinal villi were taken, and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. The supplementation of calcium butyrate and Bacillus subtilis positively influenced (p &lt; 0.05) the carcass marbling level and calcium butyrate increased the villus height in the small intestine.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013010
title: Internal quality of laying hens' commercial eggs according to storage time, temperature and packaging

description: ABSTRACT. Current assay evaluates the internal quality of eggs of Hy-Line W-36 hens, according to storage time, temperature and packaging. Two equal experiments, starting one day apart, were conducted with 140 eggs each. The two experiments were divided into two phases, from 1 to 9 days and from 9 to 21 days, in a randomized block design. In the 1st phase, the treatments were arranged in a factorial 2 x 3+1, packaging (with or without), time (3, 6 and 9 days), with control on the 1st day. In the 2nd phase, treatments were arranged in a factorial design 2 x 2 + 1, packaging (with or without), cooling (with or without), and control on the 9th day. Egg weight, albumen, yolk and shell percentage, yolk index and Haugh unit were evaluated. The internal quality was reduced (p &lt; 0.05) during storage and the internal quality of eggs kept at room temperature decreased (p &lt; 0.05), whereas eggs stored under refrigeration showed the same quality (p &gt; 0.05) on the 9th and 21st days. Packaging assured better quality (p &lt; 0.05), but not similar to the quality of refrigerated eggs. Results showed that the internal quality of the eggs was worse when there was no refrigeration during storage time and that packages provided better internal quality, although not as effective as cooling.