DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14901460
title: Supplementary Dataset for "Eastern equatorial Pacific paleo-productivity and carbon cycling during the late Pleistocene"

description: Dataset descriptions: 

ODP_1240_U_Th_Pa: Uranium series isotopes measured on bulk sediments from ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m) using a Thermo Scientific Element 2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Reported in this file are authigenic uranium, thorium-normalized mass flux and dust flux to sediment, and sedimentary 231Pa/230Th from 0 to 157 ka. Uranium and thorium isotope data include some values previously published by: Jacobel, A. W., Anderson, R. F., Jaccard, S. L., McManus, J. F., Pavia, F. J., & Winckler, G. (2020). Deep Pacific storage of respired carbon during the last ice age: Perspectives from bottom water oxygen reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews, 230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106065.

ODP_1240_CaCO3: Percent calcium carbonate measurements and thorium-normalized calcium carbonate fluxes to sediment from ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m) from 0 to 156 ka. Calcium carbonate was measured on bulk sediments using a CM5012 CO2 Coulometer. The standard deviation of replicate measurements of an internal standard was 0.6%.

ODP_1240_Opal_Corg_Flux: Percent organic carbon and percent opal from ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m)  were originally published in: Pichevin, L. E., Reynolds, B. C., Ganeshram, R. S., Cacho, I., Pena, L., Keefe, K., & Ellam, R.M. (2009). Geochemistry on sediment core 202-1240A. PANGAEA. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.727619 and Pichevin, L. E., Reynolds, B. C., Ganeshram, R. S 1050 ., Cacho, I., Pena, L., Keefe, K., & Ellam, R. M. (2009). Enhanced carbon pump inferred from relaxation of nutrient limitation in the glacial ocean. Nature, 459(7250), 1114–1117. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08101. Thorium-normalized organic carbon and opal fluxes from ODP 1240  from 0 to 31 ka were calculated by linearly interpolating thorium-normalized mass fluxes for each percent organic carbon and percent opal measurement.

ODP_1240_Biomarker Flux: Biomarker concentrations from ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m) were previously published in: Quirós-Collazos, L., Calvo, E., Schouten, S., van der Meer, M. T. J., Rodrigo-Gámiz, M., Pena, L. D., et al. (2020). Controls on Primary Productivity in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, East of the Galapagos Islands, During the Penultimate Deglaciation. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 35(7), e2019PA003777. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003777, Quirós-Collazos, L., Calvo, E., Schouten, S., van der Meer, M. T. J., Rodrigo-Gámiz, M., Pena, L. D., et al. (2020). Molecular biomarkers, UK37-derived sea surface temperature, δ2H of C37-alkenones and δ18O-seawater of Globigerinoides ruber from ODP Site 202-1240. PANGAEA. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916212, and Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Pena, L. D., Cacho, I., & Logan, G. A. (2011). Eastern Equatorial Pacific productivity and related-CO2 changes since the last glacial period. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(14), 5537–5541. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009761108. Thorium-normalized biomarker fluxes from ODP 1240 from 0-40 ka and 110-150 ka were calculated by linearly interpolating thorium normalized mass fluxes for each concentration measurement. Please note that sample IDs from ODP 1240 were not provided by the authors of the previously published concentration data.

ODP_1240_MCD_Age: Meters composite depth and age of ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m) samples between 0 and 160 ka used in this study. Age model is derived from tie points previously published in: Rippert, N., & Tiedemann, R. (2017). Age control points of ODP Site 202-1240. PANGAEA. Bremerhaven: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870408 and Rippert, N., Max, L., Mackensen, A., Cacho, I., Povea, P., & Tiedemann, R. (2017). Alternating Influence of Northern Versus Southern-Sourced Water Masses on the Equatorial Pacific Subthermocline During the Past 240 ka. Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1256–1274. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003133, with one modification. The tie point at 9.81 meters composite depth (mcd) (64 ka) was excluded to remove the abrupt decrease in sedimentation rate to 3 cm/kyr between 10.21 mcd (75.64 ka) and 9.81 mcd (64 ka).

ODP_1240_Gruber: G. ruber δ18O (‰, VPDB) measurements from ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m) from 0 to 160 ka previously published in Pena, L. D., Cacho, I., Ferretti, P., & Hall, M. A. (2008). EI Niño-Southern Oscillation-like variability during glacial terminations and interlatitudinal teleconnections. Paleoceanography, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001620, placed on the age model used in this study. Please note that sample IDs from ODP 1240 were not provided by the authors of the previously published data.

ODP_1240_Ndutertrei: N. dutertrei δ13C (‰, VPDB) measurements from ODP 1240 (0.02˚N, 86.46˚W; 2921 m)  from 0 to 160 ka previously published in Pena, L. D., Cacho, I., Ferretti, P., & Hall, M. A. (2008). EI Niño-Southern Oscillation-like variability during glacial terminations and interlatitudinal teleconnections. Paleoceanography, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001620, placed on the age model used in this study. Please note that sample IDs from ODP 1240 were not provided by the authors of the published  data.

17JC_Dust_Flux: Thorium-normalized dust fluxes to sediment at MV1014-02-17JC (0.18˚S, 85.87˚W, 2846 m) from 0 to 96 ka, as calculated in this study. Sample age models, thorium-normalized 232Th flux to sediment, and sedimentary authigenic uranium were published in: Loveley, M. R., Marcantonio, F., Wisler, M. M., Hertzberg, J. E., Schmidt, M. W., & Lyle, M. (2017). Millennial-scale iron fertilization of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the past 100,000 years. Nature Geoscience, 10, 760. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3024.

V19-30_Dust_Flux_aU: Thorium-normalized dust fluxes to sediment and lithogenic and authigenic uranium at V19-30 (3.38°S, 83.52°W, 3091 m) from 0 to 160 ka, as calculated in this study. Sample age models, uranium and thorium isotope measurements, and thorium-normalized mass fluxes were published in: Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F., & Fleisher, M. Q. (2011). NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Equatorial Pacific Late Pleistocene Sediment Accumulation Rate Data. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/8hqw-cn84 and Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F., & Fleisher, M. Q. (2011). Opal accumulation rates in the equatorial Pacific and mechanisms of deglaciation. Paleoceanography, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002008.

PC72_Dust_Flux_aU: Thorium-normalized dust fluxes to sediment and lithogenic and authigenic uranium at PC72 (0.11˚N, 139.40˚W, 4298 m) from 0 to 160 ka, as calculated in this study. Sample age models and uranium and thorium isotope measurements were published in:  Winckler, G., Anderson, R. F., Jaccard, S. L., & Marcantonio, F. (2016). Ocean dynamics, not dust, have controlled equatorial Pacific productivity over the past 500,000 years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(22), 6119–24. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600616113.

ODP_849_Dust_Flux_aU: Thorium-normalized dust fluxes to sediment and lithogenic and authigenic uranium at ODP 849 (0.18˚N, 110.52˚W, 3839 m) from 0 to 160 ka, as calculated in this study. Sample age models and uranium and thorium isotope measurements were published in: Winckler, G., Anderson, R. F., Jaccard, S. L., & Marcantonio, F. (2016). Ocean dynamics, not dust, have controlled equatorial Pacific productivity over the past 500,000 years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(22), 6119–24. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600616113.