cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0885211.09fu
title: SH0885211.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0885212.09fu
title: SH0885212.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0885213.09fu
title: SH0885213.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0885214.09fu
title: SH0885214.09FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962504
title: Germination Ecology of Catchfly (Silene conoidea) Seeds of Different Colors

description: ABSTRACT Catchfly (Silene conoidea), an annual herb, is usually recognized as an emerging weed species in Eurasia and North America. The presence of somatic seed polymorphism might aid in the adaptation of this weed in different climatic conditions. We conducted laboratory and greenhouse experiments to study the seed polymorphism and influence of various environmental factors like temperature, salt stress, osmotic stress and burial depth on the germination and emergence characteristics of catchfly. Optimum germination of seeds of all colors was recorded at a temperature of 15 oC. Germination of catchfly seeds of all colors followed decreasing trend as NaCl concentration increased from 50 mM to 200 mM. Seed germination was maximum (87-96%) at 0 MPa but gradually decreased to 40% as osmotic stress increases up to -0.4 MPa and completely inhibited at 0.6 MPa of all seed colors. A slight increase (from 60 to 95%) in the germination of seeds of black and dark brown colors was observed when seeding depth increased from 0 to 2 cm but decreased when seeding depth increased from 2 to 4 cm in seeds of all colors. There was no emergence of catchfly at seeding depth of 6 cm or greater. Our results concluded that catchfly seeds have the potential to germinate and emerge in various environmental conditions, but germination/emergence percentage of seeds of all colors will be different in different environmental conditions. Soil amendments including deep ploughing may aid for the successful management of this weed in cultivated areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962504.v1
title: Germination Ecology of Catchfly (Silene conoidea) Seeds of Different Colors

description: ABSTRACT Catchfly (Silene conoidea), an annual herb, is usually recognized as an emerging weed species in Eurasia and North America. The presence of somatic seed polymorphism might aid in the adaptation of this weed in different climatic conditions. We conducted laboratory and greenhouse experiments to study the seed polymorphism and influence of various environmental factors like temperature, salt stress, osmotic stress and burial depth on the germination and emergence characteristics of catchfly. Optimum germination of seeds of all colors was recorded at a temperature of 15 oC. Germination of catchfly seeds of all colors followed decreasing trend as NaCl concentration increased from 50 mM to 200 mM. Seed germination was maximum (87-96%) at 0 MPa but gradually decreased to 40% as osmotic stress increases up to -0.4 MPa and completely inhibited at 0.6 MPa of all seed colors. A slight increase (from 60 to 95%) in the germination of seeds of black and dark brown colors was observed when seeding depth increased from 0 to 2 cm but decreased when seeding depth increased from 2 to 4 cm in seeds of all colors. There was no emergence of catchfly at seeding depth of 6 cm or greater. Our results concluded that catchfly seeds have the potential to germinate and emerge in various environmental conditions, but germination/emergence percentage of seeds of all colors will be different in different environmental conditions. Soil amendments including deep ploughing may aid for the successful management of this weed in cultivated areas.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962508
title: Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

description: ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to verify if the phenological stage and the nitrogen fertilization interfere in the allelopathic activity and in the concentration of potentially allelopathic phenolic compounds of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana). The assay consisted of a bifactor 3 (0.100 and 200 kg N ha-1) x 2 (harvested in vegetative and reproductive stages), in a split plot design. The N doses constituted the main plot and the phenological stage during the harvest the subplots, resulting in six treatments. The tough lovegrass plants derived from each of the treatments were subjected to allelopathy bioassays, in which aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were applied to lettuce cypselae (Lactuca sativa) and to phytochemicals tests when ethanolic extracts were used, with subsequent partition with ethyl acetate, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There was nitrogen x phenological stage interaction on biological and chemical attributes. The allelopathic extracts were, in descending order of inhibition of germination, those from plants harvested at the vegetative stage and fertilized with 100 kg N and at the flowering stage with 200 kg N, which showed the highest catechin concentrations. The caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were in a higher concentration in flowered and fertilized plants with 0 or 200 kg N. The management of the nitrogen fertilization and the harvesting age influence the allelopathic activity and the phytochemical composition of tough lovegrass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962508.v1
title: Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

description: ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to verify if the phenological stage and the nitrogen fertilization interfere in the allelopathic activity and in the concentration of potentially allelopathic phenolic compounds of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana). The assay consisted of a bifactor 3 (0.100 and 200 kg N ha-1) x 2 (harvested in vegetative and reproductive stages), in a split plot design. The N doses constituted the main plot and the phenological stage during the harvest the subplots, resulting in six treatments. The tough lovegrass plants derived from each of the treatments were subjected to allelopathy bioassays, in which aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were applied to lettuce cypselae (Lactuca sativa) and to phytochemicals tests when ethanolic extracts were used, with subsequent partition with ethyl acetate, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There was nitrogen x phenological stage interaction on biological and chemical attributes. The allelopathic extracts were, in descending order of inhibition of germination, those from plants harvested at the vegetative stage and fertilized with 100 kg N and at the flowering stage with 200 kg N, which showed the highest catechin concentrations. The caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were in a higher concentration in flowered and fertilized plants with 0 or 200 kg N. The management of the nitrogen fertilization and the harvesting age influence the allelopathic activity and the phytochemical composition of tough lovegrass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962510
title: Physiological Response of Maize and Weeds in Coexistence

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating the physiology of maize and weeds when living under different densities. The randomized block design with 4 replications was used. The factorial scheme 5 x 2 + 1 and 5 x 3 was adopted, for maize and weeds respectively, corresponding to weed species (Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Urochloa brizantha, Sorghum arundinaceum and Ipomoea triloba) and infestation density (control, 15 and 30 plants m-2). Weeds were kept in coexistence with the maize hybrid DKB 390 PRO 2, with an additional treatment for maize plants absent of competition. It was kept in coexistence with maize hybrid DKB 390 PRO 2 besides an additional treatment with maize plants absent of competition. On day 45 and 60 after maize planting (DAP) physiological reviews were performed within the culture, and 38 days after weed transplanting (DAT), an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) was used. There were physiological changes in maize due to the coexistence with weeds. On day 45 DAP, the competition, regardless of the weed species, caused less photosynthetic rate in maize coexisting with 15 plants m-2; the stomatal conductance was lower in both densities. On day 60 DAP, maize in competition with 15 and 30 plants m-2 showed lower transpiration rate. U. brizantha and S. arundinaceum showed reduction in photosynthesis and transpiration, due to increased density and coexistence with maize.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962510.v1
title: Physiological Response of Maize and Weeds in Coexistence

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating the physiology of maize and weeds when living under different densities. The randomized block design with 4 replications was used. The factorial scheme 5 x 2 + 1 and 5 x 3 was adopted, for maize and weeds respectively, corresponding to weed species (Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Urochloa brizantha, Sorghum arundinaceum and Ipomoea triloba) and infestation density (control, 15 and 30 plants m-2). Weeds were kept in coexistence with the maize hybrid DKB 390 PRO 2, with an additional treatment for maize plants absent of competition. It was kept in coexistence with maize hybrid DKB 390 PRO 2 besides an additional treatment with maize plants absent of competition. On day 45 and 60 after maize planting (DAP) physiological reviews were performed within the culture, and 38 days after weed transplanting (DAT), an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) was used. There were physiological changes in maize due to the coexistence with weeds. On day 45 DAP, the competition, regardless of the weed species, caused less photosynthetic rate in maize coexisting with 15 plants m-2; the stomatal conductance was lower in both densities. On day 60 DAP, maize in competition with 15 and 30 plants m-2 showed lower transpiration rate. U. brizantha and S. arundinaceum showed reduction in photosynthesis and transpiration, due to increased density and coexistence with maize.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962511
title: Clomazone Leaching Estimate in Soil Columns Using the Biological Method

description: ABSTRACT The chemical control of weed is a necessary practice in large-scale agriculture. However, when herbicides are used in the wrong way, they can remain into soil for long periods and/or be leached in its profile, and they may even contaminate groundwater. In this research, clomazone leaching in soil samples collected from different Brazilian regions was estimated by biological method. To do so, columns containing soils were used, and samples were collected every 5 cm. After preparing columns and applying a 1,500 g a.i. ha-1 clomazone dose, rain simulation was performed. Sorghum was used in order to detect the herbicide. More than 60% similarity was found for the studied variables; it was chosen to use only data referring to toxicity percentage. Clomazone did not cause reduction in sorghum cultivated in Organosol, thus indicating a strong herbicide sorption in this soil. Increased pH in Oxisol reduced leaching. More rainfall caused increased herbicide leaching in Oxisol (pH 5.1) and Quartzarenic Neosol. The highest leaching occurred in soils with lower pH and lower organic matter content. It is possible to conclude that, in soils with higher organic matter content, clomazone has lower risks of being leached.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19962511.v1
title: Clomazone Leaching Estimate in Soil Columns Using the Biological Method

description: ABSTRACT The chemical control of weed is a necessary practice in large-scale agriculture. However, when herbicides are used in the wrong way, they can remain into soil for long periods and/or be leached in its profile, and they may even contaminate groundwater. In this research, clomazone leaching in soil samples collected from different Brazilian regions was estimated by biological method. To do so, columns containing soils were used, and samples were collected every 5 cm. After preparing columns and applying a 1,500 g a.i. ha-1 clomazone dose, rain simulation was performed. Sorghum was used in order to detect the herbicide. More than 60% similarity was found for the studied variables; it was chosen to use only data referring to toxicity percentage. Clomazone did not cause reduction in sorghum cultivated in Organosol, thus indicating a strong herbicide sorption in this soil. Increased pH in Oxisol reduced leaching. More rainfall caused increased herbicide leaching in Oxisol (pH 5.1) and Quartzarenic Neosol. The highest leaching occurred in soils with lower pH and lower organic matter content. It is possible to conclude that, in soils with higher organic matter content, clomazone has lower risks of being leached.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6083786
title: Herbicidal Potential of Dryland Plants on Growth and Tuber Sproutingin Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

description: ABSTRACT: In the current study the herbicidal potential of different dryland plant species to suppress tuber sprouting and growth in the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was investigated. The plant species evaluated were Fagonia indica, Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Rhazya stricta and Withania coagulans. In a greenhouse experiment, 5 sprouted and 5 non-sprouted tubers of nutsedge were planted in pots containing 250g field-collected soil. Pots were irrigated regularly with aqueous extracts of test plants at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; original extract was concentrated 20 times and was considered as 100% concentrated and further concentrations were made accordingly). Extracts of all test plants significantly inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and growth. A significant interaction was observed between sprouting index (SI) and final sprouting percentage. While a non-significant interaction was observed between the timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time (MST). Maximum reductions in SI and final sprouting percentage were recorded with Rhazya stricta extracts. Extracts of Rhazya stricta showed maximum suppressive potential of nutsedge density, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight. Overall, the least effective suppression of purple nutsedge was observed for extracts of Fagonia indica. Calotropis procera extracts resulted in the lowest reductions in nutsedge root length of all test plants but all test plants showed similar effects on timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time. The 100% and 75% concentrations provided complete suppression of nutsedge. For all test plants, the 25% extract concentration was least effective and in some cases results were similar to the water-only control treatment. Our findings suggest that several dryland plant species with strong allelochemical properties have the potential to substantially reduce the deleterious impacts of purple nutsedge in dryland cropping systems and warrant further study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6083786.v1
title: Herbicidal Potential of Dryland Plants on Growth and Tuber Sproutingin Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

description: ABSTRACT: In the current study the herbicidal potential of different dryland plant species to suppress tuber sprouting and growth in the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was investigated. The plant species evaluated were Fagonia indica, Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Rhazya stricta and Withania coagulans. In a greenhouse experiment, 5 sprouted and 5 non-sprouted tubers of nutsedge were planted in pots containing 250g field-collected soil. Pots were irrigated regularly with aqueous extracts of test plants at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; original extract was concentrated 20 times and was considered as 100% concentrated and further concentrations were made accordingly). Extracts of all test plants significantly inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and growth. A significant interaction was observed between sprouting index (SI) and final sprouting percentage. While a non-significant interaction was observed between the timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time (MST). Maximum reductions in SI and final sprouting percentage were recorded with Rhazya stricta extracts. Extracts of Rhazya stricta showed maximum suppressive potential of nutsedge density, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight. Overall, the least effective suppression of purple nutsedge was observed for extracts of Fagonia indica. Calotropis procera extracts resulted in the lowest reductions in nutsedge root length of all test plants but all test plants showed similar effects on timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time. The 100% and 75% concentrations provided complete suppression of nutsedge. For all test plants, the 25% extract concentration was least effective and in some cases results were similar to the water-only control treatment. Our findings suggest that several dryland plant species with strong allelochemical properties have the potential to substantially reduce the deleterious impacts of purple nutsedge in dryland cropping systems and warrant further study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9927326
title: First Report of Multiple Resistance in Galium aparine to ALS-Inhibiting and Auxin Analog Herbicides in Kermanshah, Iran

description: ABSTRACT: Catchweed Bedstraw (Galium aparine) is a problematic weed, which has become increasingly difficult to control with herbicides in Iran. The aim of this study was to screen selected putative-resistant populations of G. aparine for resistance to auxinic herbicides 2,4-D+MCPA and ALS-inhibiting herbicides sulfosulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium. Populations of G. aparine were collected from different wheat fields in the west of Kermanshah, where herbicide-use pattern is typical for Iran. Herbicide resistance to premixed herbicide 2,4-D+MCPA was confirmed in several populations. More populations of G. aparine showed cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides examined in this research. Some populations were found to have developed multiple resistant to both auxinic and ALS herbicides. Generally, the level of resistance to ALS-inhibitor herbicides was higher than that of auxin analog herbicides.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9927326.v1
title: First Report of Multiple Resistance in Galium aparine to ALS-Inhibiting and Auxin Analog Herbicides in Kermanshah, Iran

description: ABSTRACT: Catchweed Bedstraw (Galium aparine) is a problematic weed, which has become increasingly difficult to control with herbicides in Iran. The aim of this study was to screen selected putative-resistant populations of G. aparine for resistance to auxinic herbicides 2,4-D+MCPA and ALS-inhibiting herbicides sulfosulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium. Populations of G. aparine were collected from different wheat fields in the west of Kermanshah, where herbicide-use pattern is typical for Iran. Herbicide resistance to premixed herbicide 2,4-D+MCPA was confirmed in several populations. More populations of G. aparine showed cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides examined in this research. Some populations were found to have developed multiple resistant to both auxinic and ALS herbicides. Generally, the level of resistance to ALS-inhibitor herbicides was higher than that of auxin analog herbicides.