cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t96fs
title: Data from: Assessment of dynamic material properties of intact rocks using seismic wave attenuation: an experimental study

description: The mechanical properties of any substance are essential facts to
 understand its behaviour and make the maximum use of the particular
 substance. Rocks are indeed an important substance, as they are of
 significant use in the energy industry, specifically for fossil fuels and
 geothermal energy. Attenuation of seismic waves is a non-destructive
 technique to investigate mechanical properties of reservoir rocks under
 different conditions. The attenuation characteristics of five different
 rock types, siltstone, shale, Australian sandstone, Indian sandstone and
 granite, were investigated in the laboratory using ultrasonic and acoustic
 emission instruments in a frequency range of 0.1–1 MHz. The pulse
 transmission technique and spectral ratios were used to calculate the
 attenuation coefficient (α) and quality factor (Q) values for the five
 selected rock types for both primary (P) and secondary (S) waves, relative
 to the reference steel sample. For all the rock types, the attenuation
 coefficient was linearly proportional to the frequency of both the P and S
 waves. Interestingly, the attenuation coefficient of granite is more than
 22% higher than that of siltstone, sandstone and shale for both P and S
 waves. The P and S wave velocities were calculated based on their recorded
 travel time, and these velocities were then used to calculate the dynamic
 mechanical properties including elastic modulus (E), bulk modulus (K),
 shear modulus (µ) and Poisson's ratio (ν). The P and S wave
 velocities for the selected rock types varied in the ranges of
 2.43–4.61 km s−1 and 1.43–2.41 km h−1, respectively. Furthermore, it was
 observed that the P wave velocity was always greater than the S wave
 velocity, and this confirmed the first arrival of P waves to the sensor.
 According to the experimental results, the dynamic E value is generally
 higher than the static E value obtained by unconfined compressive strength
 tests.
description: Attenuation
 dataThis data file includes
 all the raw data for the P and S wave attenuationData_RSOS.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fv487
title: Data from: Skin swabbing of amphibian larvae yields sufficient DNA for efficient sequencing and reliable microsatellite genotyping

description: Skin swabbing, a minimally invasive DNA sampling method recently developed
 on adult amphibians, was tested on larvae of fire salamanders (Salamandra
 salamandra). The quality and quantity of the sampled DNA was evaluated by
 (i) measuring DNA concentration in DNA extracts, (ii) sequencing part of
 the mtDNA cytochrome b gene (692 bp) and (iii) genotyping eight
 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. The multiple-tubes approach was
 used for calculating allelic dropout (ADO) and false allele (FA) rates to
 evaluate the reliability of the genotypes. DNA extracts from tissue
 samples of road-killed individuals were included in the study as positive
 controls. Our results showed that skin swabs of fire salamander larvae can
 provide DNA in sufficient quantity and quality, as sequencing was
 successful and no allelic dropouts or false alleles were detected. This
 method, tested for the first time on amphibian larvae, has proven to be an
 efficient and reliable alternative to the controversial tail fin clipping
 procedure.
description: Microsatellite
 dataMicrosatellite_data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6b70g11
title: Data from: Migratory culture, population structure and stock identity in North Pacific beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)

description: The annual return of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, to traditional
 seasonal locations across the Arctic may involve migratory culture, while
 the convergence of discrete summering aggregations on common wintering
 grounds may facilitate outbreeding. Natal philopatry and cultural
 inheritance, however, has been difficult to assess as earlier studies were
 of too short a duration, while genetic analyses of breeding patterns,
 especially across the beluga's Pacific range, have been hampered by
 inadequate sampling and sparse information on wintering areas. Using a
 much expanded sample and genetic marker set comprising 1,647 whales,
 spanning more than two decades and encompassing all major coastal
 summering aggregations in the Pacific Ocean, we found evolutionary-level
 divergence among three geographic regions: the Gulf of Alaska, the
 Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas, and the Sea of Okhotsk (Φst=0.11-0.32,
 Rst=0.09-0.13), and likely demographic independence of
 (Fst-mtDNA=0.02-0.66), and in many cases limited gene flow
 (Fst-nDNA=0.0-0.02; K=5-6) among, summering groups within regions.
 Assignment tests identified few immigrants within summering aggregations,
 linked migrating groups to specific summering areas, and found that some
 migratory corridors comprise whales from multiple subpopulations
 (PBAYES=0.31:0.69). Further, dispersal is male-biased and substantial
 numbers of closely related whales congregate together at coastal summering
 areas. Stable patterns of heterogeneity between areas and consistently
 high proportions (~20%) of close kin (including parent-offspring) sampled
 up to 20 years apart within areas (G=0.2-2.9, p&gt;0.5) is the first
 direct evidence of natal philopatry to migration destinations in belugas.
 Using recent satellite telemetry findings on belugas we found that the
 spatial proximity of winter ranges has a greater influence on the degree
 of both individual and genetic exchange than summer ranges
 (rwinter-Fst-mtDNA=0.9, rsummer-Fst-nDNA=0.1). These findings indicate
 widespread natal philopatry to summering aggregation and entire migratory
 circuits, and provide compelling evidence that migratory culture and
 kinship helps maintain demographically discrete beluga stocks that can
 overlap in time and space.
description: GOCC-beluga whale
 genetic datacontains detailed
 genetic data on beluga whales, including GenBank accession numbers, mtDNA
 haplotype frequencies and microsatellite locus allele
 frequencies
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.469vn
title: Data from: Divergence in calls but not songs in the orchard oriole complex: Icterus spurius and I. fuertesi

description: Birdsong has important functions in attracting and competing for mates,
 and song characteristics are thought to diverge rapidly during the process
 of speciation. In contrast, other avian vocalizations that may have
 non-reproductive functions, such as calls, are thought to be more
 evolutionarily conserved and may diverge more slowly among taxa. This
 study examines differences in both male song and an acoustically simpler
 vocalization, the ‘jeet’ call, between two closely related taxa, Icterus
 spurius and I. fuertesi. A previous study comparing song syllable type
 sharing within and between I. spurius and I. fuertesi indicated that their
 songs do not differ discernibly. Here we measured 18 acoustic
 characteristics of their songs and found strong evidence supporting this
 prior finding. In contrast, we measured 17 acoustic characteristics of
 jeet calls and found evidence of significant divergence between the two
 taxa in many of these characteristics. Calls in I. fuertesi have a longer
 duration, a larger frequency bandwidth, a lower minimum frequency, a lower
 beginning frequency, and greater levels of both frequency and amplitude
 modulation in comparison to the calls of I. spurius. In addition, I.
 fuertesi calls contain two distinct parts, while the calls of I. spurius
 have only one part. Thus, we find evidence of divergence in the calls of
 the two taxa but not their songs challenging the widespread assumption
 that complex bird song evolves more rapidly than other types of
 vocalizations. Understanding divergence in multiple vocalization types as
 well as other behavioral, morphological, and molecular traits is important
 to understanding the earliest stages of speciation.
description: song
 dataRaw data for song
 analysiscall
 dataRaw data for jeet call
 analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.46t7q
title: Data from: Receptive females mitigate costs of sexual conflict

description: Males typically gain fitness from multiple mating, whereas females often
 lose fitness from numerous mating, potentially leading to sexual conflict
 over mating. This conflict is expected to favour the evolution of female
 resistance to mating. However, females may incur male harassment if they
 refuse to copulate; thus, greater female resistance may increase costs
 imposed by males. Here, I show that the evolution of resistance to mating
 raises fitness disadvantages of interacting with males when mating is
 harmful in female adzuki bean beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis. Females
 that were artificially selected for higher and lower remating propensity
 evolved to accept and resist remating, respectively. Compared with females
 that evolved to accept remating, females that evolved to resist it
 suffered higher fitness costs from continuous exposure to males. The costs
 of a single mating measured by the effect on longevity did not differ
 among selection line females. This study indicates that receptive rather
 than resistant females mitigate the fitness loss resulting from sexual
 conflict, suggesting that even though mating is harmful, females can
 evolve to accept additional mating.
description: Data from Receptive
 females mitigate costs of sexual conflictdata of three
 experiments: comparison of (1) remating receptivity, (2) costs of male
 exposure, and (3) costs of mating between females from selection
 lines.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3c18
title: Data from: General and species-specific impacts of a neonicotinoid insecticide on the ovary development and feeding of wild bumblebee queens

description: Bumblebees are essential pollinators of crops and wild plants, but are in
 decline across the globe. Neonicotinoid pesticides have been implicated as
 a potential driver of these declines, but most of our evidence base comes
 from studies of a single species. There is an urgent need to understand
 whether such results can be generalized across a range of species. Here,
 we present results of a laboratory experiment testing the impacts of
 field-relevant doses (1.87–5.32 ppb) of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on
 spring-caught wild queens of four bumblebee species: Bombus terrestris, B.
 lucorum, B. pratorum and B. pascuorum. Two weeks of exposure to the higher
 concentration of thiamethoxam caused a reduction in feeding in two out of
 four species, suggesting species-specific anti-feedant, repellency or
 toxicity effects. The higher level of thiamethoxam exposure resulted in a
 reduction in the average length of terminal oocytes in queens of all four
 species. In addition to providing the first evidence for general effects
 of neonicotinoids on ovary development in multiple species of wild
 bumblebee queens, the discovery of species-specific effects on feeding has
 significant implications for current practices and policy for pesticide
 risk assessment and use.
description: Data behind Baron et al
 2017 Impacts of thiamethoxam on bumblebee queensThe data file contains
 the raw data for all bumblebee queens that were included in the
 statistical analyses. The 17 columns present Bee ID (the identification
 number given to queens, which represents the order in which they were
 caught), Species (the Bombus species to which they belong), Site (whether
 they were caught at the Heather Gardens or Saville Gardens within the
 Windsor Estate), Treatment (the thiamethoxam treatment to which they were
 exposed), Wax (whether queens laid down wax or not), WaxTime (the day on
 which waxing was observed), Egg (whether they laid eggs), EggTime (the day
 on which eggs were laid), Survival (whether the queen survived the
 experiment), SurvivalTime (the day on which the queen died - given as 29
 if she didn't), Average daily syrup consumption (g per day), Size
 (mm) (Thorax width of bee, Size (mm_) (bee volume), Syrup2 (g/mm_) (syrup
 consumption corrected for bee size, see paper), Z score for size
 (standardised and corrected size, see paper), InfectionStatus (whether
 queens were infected or not), Average terminal oocyte length (mm), Z score
 for oocyte length (excludes dead queens) (the standardised corrected
 oocyte length, see paper).Baron et al
 2017.csv
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14635370
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6q81t4m4
title: Data from: Nest predation in New Zealand songbirds: exotic predators, introduced prey and long-term changes in predation risk

description: Predation is a major factor in ecology, evolution and conservation and
 thus its understanding is essential for insights into ecological processes
 and management of endangered populations of prey. Here we conducted a
 spatially (main island through to offshore islets) and temporally
 (1938-2005) extensive meta-analysis of published nest predation rates in
 New Zealand songbirds. We obtained information on nest predation rates
 from 79 populations (n = 4838 nests) of 26 species of songbirds belonging
 to 17 families. Nest predation rates increased from southwest to northeast
 and also across the last 60 years (by 15-25 percentage points in both
 cases). We identified a major impact of exotic mammalian predators. Nest
 predation was lowest in areas where no exotic predators were present
 (12.8), higher in areas with ongoing predator control (33.9%), and highest
 in areas without control that had the full set of exotic and native nest
 predators (47.5). Surprisingly, nest predation rates were higher in
 introduced as compared to native species. Our analyses demonstrated that
 human-caused factors (introduced predators and prey) overrode factors such
 as nest type and habitat identified as important in predicting nest
 predation in North America and Europe previously.
description: PredationNZ_Dryad_DATA
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.96tt4
title: Data from: Genomic-wide displacement and shift of the hybrid zone in the Japanese fire-bellied newt

description: Hybridizations on a secondary contact zone between 2 diverged lineages can
 have various evolutionary consequences, including the genetic replacement
 of one lineage by another. We detected such a case between 2 lineages (the
 Central and Western lineages) of the Japanese fire-bellied newt, Cynops
 pyrrhogaster in the Chugoku district of western Japan. We genotyped 269
 individuals from 30 localities using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene
 and 11 microsatellite loci. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis
 revealed that the 2 lineages were mostly distributed parapatrically to
 each other but co-occurred around the contact zone, whereas the
 microsatellite analyses indicated the presence of a hybrid zone.
 Geographic cline analysis revealed that the cline width of mtDNA is wider
 than the width of the microsatellite loci. The migration rate estimation
 and the NewHybrids analysis revealed that the Central lineage has expanded
 their range into the range of the hybrid zone, suggesting the possibility
 of range displacement of the 2 lineages as a consequence of the shift of
 their hybrid zone. We explored the process of asymmetric gene flow
 associated with the invasion of the Central lineage to explain this
 pattern.
description: 160704_11loc_30pop_ImoriChugoku_structure_dryadSTRUCTURE file for 11 microsatellite loci160704_11loc_30pop_ImoriChugoku_dryad.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5f5m7
title: Data from: Staffs’ and managers’ perceptions of how and when discrete event simulation modeling can be used as a decision support in quality improvement: a focus group discussion study at two hospital settings in Sweden

description: Objective To explore healthcare staffs’ and managers’ perceptions of how
 and when discrete event simulation modeling can be used as a decision
 support in improvement efforts. Design Two focus group discussions were
 performed. Setting Two settings were included: a rheumatology department
 and an orthopedic section both situated in Sweden. Participants Healthcare
 staff and managers (n=13) from the two settings. Interventions Two
 workshops were performed, one at each setting. Workshops were initiated by
 a short introduction to simulation modeling. Results from the respective
 simulation model were then presented and discussed in the following focus
 group discussion. Results Categories from the content analysis are
 presented according to the following research questions: how and when
 simulation modeling can assist healthcare improvement? Regarding how, the
 participants mentioned that simulation modeling could act as a tool for
 support and a way to visualize problems, potential solutions and their
 effects. Regarding when, simulation modeling could be used both locally
 and by management, as well as a pedagogical tool to develop and test
 innovative ideas and to involve everyone in the improvement work.
 Conclusions Its potential as an information and communication tool and as
 an instrument for pedagogic work within healthcare improvement render a
 broader application and value of simulation modeling than previously
 reported.
description: Codes
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.36n7v
title: Data from: Modelling and simulation of a thermally induced optical transparency in a dual micro-ring resonator

description: This paper introduces the simulation and modelling of a novel dual
 micro-ring resonator. The geometric configuration of the resonators, and
 the implementation of a simulated broadband excitation source, results in
 the realization of optical transparencies in the combined through port
 output spectrum. The 130 nm silicon on insulator rib fabrication process
 is adopted for the simulation of the dual-ring configuration. Two titanium
 nitride heaters are positioned over the coupling regions of the
 resonators, which can be operated independently, to control the spectral
 position of the optical transparency. A third heater, centrally located
 above the dual resonator rings, can be used to red shift the entire
 spectrum to a required reference resonant wavelength. The free spectral
 range with no heater currents applied is 4.29 nm. For a simulated heater
 current of 7 mA (55.7 mW heater power) applied to one of the through
 coupling heaters, the optical transparency exhibits a red shift of 1.79 nm
 from the reference resonant wavelength. The ring-to-ring separation of
 approximately 900 nm means that it can be assumed that there is a zero
 ring-to-ring coupling field in this model. This novel arrangement has
 potential applications as a gas mass airflow sensor or a gas species
 identification sensor.
description: optical_transparency_06_01_17The MATLAB program plots the temperture dependant dispersion data obtained from the 2D and 3D photonics simulation software.Neff_vs_Temp_fs_mode_neffr_1Effective index data for a rise in the ring waveguide temperature over the full ring0mA_Heater_Currrent_fs_mode_neffr_0Effective and group index for 0mA heater current5mA_Heater_Currrent_fs_mode_neffr_0Effective and group index for 5mA heater current7mA_Heater_Currrent_fs_mode_neffr_0Effective and group index for 7mA heater current9mA_Heater_Currrent_fs_mode_neffr_0Effective and group index for 9mA heater current
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8826
title: Data from: The oldest erect cheilostome bryozoan: Jablonskipora gen. nov. from the upper Albian of south-west England

description: Although dominant at the present day, the bryozoan order Cheilostomata did
 not appear until the Late Jurassic. For over 55 million years after their
 first appearance, cheilostomes remained low in diversity and disparity,
 exclusively encrusting and scant in the fossil record. During the late
 Albian, however, cheilostomes began an explosive diversification
 coinciding with the appearance of several key novelties. In this paper, we
 describe a new monospecific cheilostome genus, Jablonskipora gen. nov.
 (type species Jablonskipora kidwellae gen. et sp. nov.), of importance as
 the oldest known cheilostome with erect growth. Jablonskipora kidwellae is
 a malacostegine cheilostome characterized by rigidly erect colonies with
 cylindrical, bifurcating branches and is moderately common in sedimentary
 rocks of late Albian age in south-west England. Autozooids are dimorphic,
 with long tubular autozooids in the axial endozone covered by multiple
 layers of short, stacked, box-shaped autozooids in the surrounding
 exozone. It is assigned to Chiplonkarinidae, a family now containing five
 genera, a tabular key for the discrimination of which is provided. The
 morphology of Jablonskipora and the early evolution of erect growth in
 cheilostomes are discussed.
description: Summary of measurements
 on Jablonskipora kidwellaeSummary of morphological
 measurements on Jablonskipora kidwellae gen. et sp. nov. SEM images were
 analysed using the image-processing program ImageJ.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r667q
title: Data from: Species-specific flowering cues among general flowering Shorea species at the Pasoh Research Forest, Malaysia

description: 1.In a unique phenomenon restricted to the ever wet forests of Southeast
 Asia, hundreds of species from dozens of plant families reproduce
 synchronously at irregular, multi-year intervals. The proximate
 environmental cues that synchronize these general flowering events have
 not been evaluated systematically because there have been no long-term,
 high temporal-resolution, species-level records from the region. 2.We
 present 13 years of weekly flowering records for five Shorea species as
 well as daily temperature and rainfall records from the Pasoh Forest
 Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. We constructed models to evaluate
 hypothesized relationships between flowering and cool temperature,
 drought, and additive and synergistic effects of cool temperature and
 drought for each species. Model parameters include periods of time for
 floral cue accumulation and flower development and temperature and/or
 rainfall thresholds required for floral initiation. Parameters estimated
 using flowering observations from 2001–2011 were used to forecast
 flowering for 2011–2014. 3.We show that drought and cool temperatures
 acting synergistically best explain the timing of flowering events for all
 Shorea species in the section Mutica and forecast the largest general
 flowering event accurately. Periods estimated for signal accumulation
 ranged from 54 to 90 days among species. Periods estimated for flowers to
 develop ranged between 43 to 96 days and closely followed the
 interspecific sequence of flowering in the Shorea species. Drought and
 temperature thresholds also varied among species, with S. maxwelliana
 requiring the most severe drought and S. leprosula the lowest
 temperatures. 4.Synthesis. Our results indicate that cool temperatures and
 low rainfall occurring on seasonal time scales of about two to three
 months rather than brief cold snaps or brief droughts best explain general
 flowering in Shorea species at the Pasoh Forest Reserve. Low rainfall is
 equally likely in winter (December–February) and summer (July–August) and
 cool temperatures are most likely in winter at Pasoh, which explains why
 general flowering events are restricted to spring and fall, with more
 frequent and stronger flowering in spring. In addition, species-specific
 sensitivity to environmental cues suggests that future climate change will
 have differential impacts on the frequency of reproduction, with potential
 consequences for regeneration of these dominant species of lowland
 tropical forests.
description: flowering
 intensity_5_Shorea_spp