cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/ncbr-7x29
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Johnson fire data from Pueblo Ridge Central, northern New Mexico - IMPD USPRC001

description: Tree-ring fire scars, tree ages, historical photographs, and historical surveys demonstrate that fire played different ecological roles for centuries across gradients of elevation, forest, and fire regime in the Taos Valley Watersheds. Fire regimes collapsed across these three adjoining watersheds by 1899, leaving all sites without fire for at least 119 years. Historical photographs and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) ages indicate that high-severity fire historically burned at multiple high-elevation subalpine sites in today’s Village of Taos Ski Valley, with large high-severity patches (> 640 ha). Low-severity, frequent (9 – 29 year median interval) surface fires burned in nearby mid-elevation dry conifer forests on south aspects in all watersheds. Fires were associated with drought during the fire year, preceded by wet years, with widespread fires commonly burning synchronously in multiple watersheds during more-severe drought years, including within all three watersheds in 1664, 1715, and 1842. In contrast, recent “large” wildfires have burned within single watersheds and therefore are likely not large in a historical context. Management to promote repeated low-severity fire and associated open forest stand structures is within the historical range of variability in the dry conifer forests of these watersheds, but in the high-elevation, subalpine forests different management approaches are required that balance ecological and socio-economic values while providing for public safety.
description: This site was sampled as part of a project to reconstruct the fire history of the Taos Valley Watersheds in northern New Mexico.                                         https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/supplemental/usprc001_tree_meta.csv contains individual tree locations and tree species.
DOI: 10.25921/n58f-my06
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Leviathan Cave, Nevada 13,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data

description: The arid southwestern United States is susceptible to sustained droughts that impact water resources and economic activity for millions of residents. Previous work has not systematically investigated the structure, timing, and possible forcings of Holocene Great Basin sub-orbital hydroclimate changes, impeding our ability to understand the potential future controls on Southwestern aridity. The objective of this paper is to constrain the potential forcings on Holocene aridity and temperature, via comparison of new high-resolution speleothem data, an Aridity Index synthesizing hydroclimate records, and linkages of Southwestern paleoclimate to other regions. The high-resolution data from Leviathan Cave provide a paleoclimate record since 13,400 yr ago: A cool Younger Dryas was followed by two pronounced Middle Holocene aridity intervals between 9,850 and 5,310 yr B2k characterized by low growth rates and high d18O and d13C values. Subsequently, stalagmite d18O values show near-modern levels for the last four millennia during which time growth rates were high and d13C values were low in response to wetter conditions. The regional Aridity Index documents that Middle Holocene drying coincided with a warm Arctic and decreased sea ice extent, a warm western tropical Pacific, and a large sea surface temperature gradient across the tropical Pacific, all of which likely responded to northern hemisphere summer insolation forcing. Our data suggest that extreme Middle Holocene aridity is more severe than the short medieval droughts evident in the tree ring record, and such extreme aridity may represent a worst-case analog for future climate.
description: Speleothem stable isotope (d18O, d13C) data from stalagmite LC-1 collected in Leviathan Cave, Nevada for the past 13,000 years, plus precipitation isotopes and regional aridity index. Data set updated 4 September 2020: addition of data and information from Supplementary Tables S2, S3, and S4 (precipitation isotopes, regional records, and aridity index), plus smoothed annual-resolution stable isotope data. Ages reported in years before CE 2000. d18O and d13C are in permil relative to the VPDB scale, based on calibrated internal standards.
DOI: 10.25921/nzt3-nn57
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southwest Pacific Benthic Foraminiferal B/Ca during the past 25 ka

description: A greater amount of CO2 was stored in the deep sea during glacial periods, likely via greater efficiency of the biologic pump and increased uptake by a more alkaline ocean. Reconstructing past variations in seawater carbonate ion concentration (a major component of alkalinity) enables quantification of the relative roles of different oceanic CO2 storage mechanisms and also places constraints on the timing, magnitude, and location of subsequent deep ocean ventilation. Here, we present a record of deep-water inorganic carbon chemistry since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~19-23 ka BP), derived from sediment core RR0503-83 raised from 1627 m in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty. The core site lies within the upper limit of southern-sourced Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), just below the lower boundary of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). We reconstruct past changes in bottom water inorganic carbon chemistry from the trace element and stable isotopic composition of calcite shells of the epibenthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. A record of ?CO32-(?CO32- = [COCO32-] in situ - [CO32-] saturation) derived from the foraminiferal boron to calcium ratio (B/Ca) provides evidence for greater ice-age storage of respired CO2 and reveals abrupt deglacial shifts in [CO32-] in situ of up to 30 μmol/kg (5 times larger than the difference between average LGM and Holocene values). The rapidity of these changes suggests the influence of changing water mass structure and atmospheric circulation in addition to a decrease in CO2 content of interior waters.
description: B/Ca of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (sometimes called Planulina wuellerstorfi) from RR0503-83
DOI: 10.25921/nfd6-qq26
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sauchyn - Alberta Foothills Composite - PSME - ITRDB CANA579

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Upper Missouri River Basin Streamflow project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/n1jk-f831
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sauchyn - Upper Kananaskis Lake - PCEN - ITRDB CANA581

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Upper Missouri River Basin Streamflow project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/nd9g-7j68
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Colorado Pinus aristata Frost Ring Data

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Earlywood and Latewood frost rings and light rings in bristlecone pines sampled on Almagre Mountain, Black Mountain, Mount Princeton, North Peak, and Stanley Mountain from 569 B.C. to A.D. 1993, and comparison to reported frost rings at other bristlecone pine sites (data from Brunstein, 1995)
DOI: 10.25921/n7xn-1h55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Moritz - Glazkovo - PISY - ITRDB RUSS287

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Glazkovo, Irkutsk NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22.
DOI: 10.25921/nvht-db13
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake Chenghai, China 14,100 Year Lake Level Reconstruction

description: Increasing lines of evidence question the homogenous response of Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) precipitation patterns, requiring rethinking of the forcing mechanisms. Here we show a ~15,000-yr quantitative precipitation history based on well-dated lake levels at Lake Chenghai (LC), subtropical China. Lake levels and the inferred precipitation were high during the Bolling-Allerod, early and late Holocene, but low during the middle Holocene. The orbital scale precipitation trend is out of phase with boreal summer insolation, the later has been widely suggested as the driver of ASM precipitation. LC long term lake levels are synchronous with trends in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST), the related zonal SST gradients, and interhemispheric temperature gradients. We propose that changes in either the interhemispheric or zonal Pacific temperature gradients modulate the intensity and location of the western Pacific subtropical high, which is juxtaposed on the ASM, leading to heterogeneous hydroclimatic conditions over subtropical East Asia.
description: Lake level reconstruction for Lake Chenghai, China for the past 14,100 years. The lake level dataset is digitalized from the original lake level curve. Please keep in mind that there are some intervals of lower uncertainty which are marked in the original curve in Fig.2
DOI: 10.25921/n3q6-kr96
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mallorca MIS-5e Speleothem Phreatic Overgrowth Ages and Sea Level Reconstructions

description: The magnitude and trajectory of sea-level change during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e of the last interglacial period is uncertain. In general, sea level may have been 6-9 m above present sea level, with one or more oscillations of up to several metres superimposed. Here we present a well-dated relative sea-level record from the island of Mallorca in the western Mediterranean Sea for MIS-5e, based on the occurrence of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems forming near sea level. We find that relative sea-level in this region was within a range of 2.15 ± 0.75 m above present levels between 126,600 ± 400 and 116,000 ± 800 years ago, although centennial-scale excursions cannot be excluded due to some gaps in the speleothem record. We corrected our relative sea-level record for glacio-isostatic adjustment using nine different glacial isostatic models. Together, these models suggest that ice-equivalent sea-level in Mallorca peaked at the start of MIS-5e then gradually decreased and stabilized by 122,000 years ago, until the highstand termination 116,000 years ago. Our sea-level record does not support the hypothesis of rapid sea-level fluctuations within MIS-5e. Instead, we suggest that melting of the polar ice sheets occurred early in the interglacial period, followed by gradual ice-sheet growth.
description: Uranium-series dating of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems from Mallorca, Spain, for Marine Isotope Stage MIS-5e (~130,000-115,000 years BP).
DOI: 10.25921/n77b-d647
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Khasanov - Kozelsk - FREX - ITRDB RUSS283

description: We counted the intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) of oak (Quercus robur) tree rings sampled in a deciduous broadleaf forest near Kozelsk (Kaluga region) in the Ugra National Park, Central Russia. Three sites in the same forest massif were sampled. We also sampled ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees in one of these sites as a non-host species for the identification of insect outbreaks. In total, 49 oak and 21 ash trees were sampled and analyses were performed for the period 1878-2015. Within the selected time framework, we observed numerous cases with: 1) high percentage of IADFs, 2) decreased oak tree ring widths compared to that of ashes, 3) considerable quantity of oak trees with abrupt growth changes (AGC), and 4) statistically significant differences in counts of IADFs and AGC between the three sampling sites. These traits were characteristic for several consecutive years, and we interpret these as evidence of the insect herbivory causing growth interruptions during the period of the oak leaf expansion. Other external stress factors including summer droughts and late spring frosts can intensify IADFs manifestations during insect outbreaks, but did not affect oak growth strongly enough to cause growth interruptions without insect interference.
description: Insect-induced defoliation study. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-07-07.
DOI: 10.25921/n9m6-2m15
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Birch - George LaRoi Forest Plot - BEPA - ITRDB CANA558

description: Variation in tree recruitment, mortality, and growth can alter forest community composition and structure. Because tree recruitment and mortality events are generally infrequent, long-time scales are needed to confirm trends in forests. We performed a 50-yr demographic census of a forest plot located on the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest, a region currently experiencing forest die-back in response to direct and indirect effects of recent severe droughts. Here, we show that over the last 30 yr biomass, basal area, growth, and recruitment have decreased along with a precipitous rise in mortality across the dominant tree species. The stand experienced periods of drought in combination with multiple outbreaks of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) and bark beetles. These insect disturbances interacted to increase mortality rates within the stand and decrease stand density. The interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors may shift forests in this region onto novel successional trajectories with the possibility of changes in regional vegetation type.
description: Chronologies of four co-occurring tree species within a long-term forest plot at the southern ecotone of the Canadian boreal forest. The naming format for each species' cores is as follows: Picea glauca (GLP01A), Betula papyrifera (GLB01A), Pinus banksiana (GLJ01A), Populus tremuloides (GLA01A). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-08-22.
DOI: 10.25921/nchn-9e13
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Birch - George LaRoi Forest Plot - PIBN - ITRDB CANA560

description: Variation in tree recruitment, mortality, and growth can alter forest community composition and structure. Because tree recruitment and mortality events are generally infrequent, long-time scales are needed to confirm trends in forests. We performed a 50-yr demographic census of a forest plot located on the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest, a region currently experiencing forest die-back in response to direct and indirect effects of recent severe droughts. Here, we show that over the last 30 yr biomass, basal area, growth, and recruitment have decreased along with a precipitous rise in mortality across the dominant tree species. The stand experienced periods of drought in combination with multiple outbreaks of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) and bark beetles. These insect disturbances interacted to increase mortality rates within the stand and decrease stand density. The interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors may shift forests in this region onto novel successional trajectories with the possibility of changes in regional vegetation type.
description: Chronologies of four co-occurring tree species within a long-term forest plot at the southern ecotone of the Canadian boreal forest. The naming format for each species' cores is as follows: Picea glauca (GLP01A), Betula papyrifera (GLB01A), Pinus banksiana (GLJ01A), Populus tremuloides (GLA01A). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-08-22.
DOI: 10.25921/nw66-8w63
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Saladyga fire data from Spring Mountain Central, Northeast Pennsylvania (Schuylkill County) - IMPD USSMC002

description: Placed-based fire management planning that considers historical patterns and processes as well as contemporary local knowledge is recognized as an alternative to broad-scale, regional approaches. In this paper, we used dendrochronology and an online survey to assess historical trends and contemporary perceptions of wildfire, respectively, in the fire-prone anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania. We developed an annual index of fire occurrence and extent from 216 fire-scarred pitch pine (Pinus rigida) distributed across 9 ridgetop study sites for the period 1900–2016. In addition, we collected survey responses from area residents regarding contemporary perceptions of wildfire hazards and management. Our results show that 20th century wildfire activity was not associated with drought, but closely followed fluctuations in the anthracite coal industry, with increased fire occurrence and extent associated with times of severe job losses. Less extensive wildfire continues to occur frequently, with area residents recognizing the need for fuel management (i.e., prescribed fire) and an increase in resources allocated to wildfire prevention and management as well as trash disposal and recycling programs. Our research represents one example of an integrated approach to informing sustainable fire management that considers the link between historical patterns and contemporary perceptions.
DOI: 10.25921/n4qa-h761
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gray - Bear Canyon - PSME - ITRDB MT140

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Upper Missouri River Basin Streamflow project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/nz9f-f065
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Core top study of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen from fossil planktonic foraminifers shells on the Rio Grande Rise

description: Stable isotope data from tests of four planktonic foraminifer species in core tops on the Rio Grande Rise (RIO) fail a field test of reproducibility until corrections are made for various environmental effects. The regionally uniform and strongly stratified surface ocean hydrography across RIO allow the identification of causes of variability in d18O and d13C data in addition to the effects of surface ocean temperature and nutrient content. A previously calibrated calcite dissolution proxy indicates that the dissolution of foraminifer shells in sediments has no effect on d18O and d13C in tests of foraminifers from core tops on RIO. Furthermore, vital effects within and among foraminifer species are not sufficient to explain the large variability of d18O and d13C data observed on RIO. Instead, correctly estimating species-specific habitat depth ranges and adjusting d13C values for ocean/atmosphere carbon exchange are necessary to accurately reconstruct the hydrography of surface waters on RIO.
description: Core tops have depths of between 3000m to 4500 m below sea level
      Provided Keywords: stable isotopes, micropaleonotlogy, paleoecology, sea surface temperature, air/sea inetractions
DOI: 10.25921/nyq8-pv56
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - EPICA Dome C 700,000 Year Noble Gas Data and Mean Ocean Temperature Reconstructions

description: Together with the latent heat stored in glacial ice sheets, the ocean heat uptake carries the lion's share of glacial–interglacial changes in the planetary heat content, but little direct information on the global mean ocean temperature (MOT) is available to constrain the ocean temperature response to glacial–interglacial climate perturbations. Using ratios of noble gases and molecular nitrogen trapped in the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core, we are able to reconstruct MOT for peak glacial and interglacial conditions during the last 700 000 years and explore the differences between these extrema. To this end, we have to correct the noble gas ratios for gas transport effects in the firn column and gas loss fractionation processes of the samples after ice core retrieval using the full elemental matrix of N2, Ar, Kr, and Xe in the ice and their individual isotopic ratios. The reconstructed MOT in peak glacials is consistently about 3.3 ± 0.4 ∘C cooler compared to the Holocene. Lukewarm interglacials before the Mid-Brunhes Event 450 kyr ago are characterized by 1.6 ± 0.4 ∘C lower MOT than the Holocene; thus, glacial–interglacial amplitudes were only about 50 % of those after the Mid-Brunhes Event, in line with the reduced radiative forcing by lower greenhouse gas concentrations and their Earth system feedbacks. Moreover, we find significantly increased MOTs at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 5.5 and 9.3, which are coeval with CO2 and CH4 overshoots at that time. We link these CO2 and CH4 overshoots to a resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which is also the starting point of the release of heat previously accumulated in the ocean during times of reduced overturning.
description: Noble gas concentration and isotope data from the EPICA Dome C ice core, plus mean ocean temperature reconstruction, for peak glacial and interglacial intervals during the past 700,000 years