cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421078
title: Data: fruit size of Indomalayan plants

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Community trait assembly, the formation of distributions of phenotypic characteristics across coexisting species, can occur via two main processes: the filtering of trait distributions in the regional pool and in situ phenotypic evolution in local communities. But the relative importance of these processes remains unclear, largely because of the difficulty in determining the timing of evolutionary trait changes and biogeographic dispersal events in phylogenies. We assessed evolutionary and biogeographic transitions in woody plant species across the Indo-Malay Archipelago, a series of island groups where the same plant lineages interact with different seed disperser and seed predator assemblages. Fruit size in 2650 taxa spanning the angiosperm tree-of-life tended to be smaller in the Sulawesi and Maluku island groups, where frugivores are less diverse and smaller-bodied, than in the regional source pool. While numerous plant lineages (not just small-fruited ones) reached the isolated islands, colonists tended to be the smaller-fruited members of each clade. Nearly all evolutionary transitions to smaller fruit size predated, often substantially, organismal dispersal to the islands. Our results suggest that filtering rather than within-island evolution largely determined the distribution of fruit sizes in these regions.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421057
title: Effects of temperature on monarch caterpillar pigment variation in nature

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol type="1"&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Insect colour patterns serve a wide range of ecological functions and the biotic and abiotic factors mediating colour variation in nature have been well characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, the majority of studies in this field have focused on adult insects (particularly butterflies). Almost nothing is known about the factors that mediate intraspecific colour variation in juveniles in nature, even though they are often as conspicuously coloured as their adult counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we show that temperature predicts a small but significant amount of monarch (Danaus plexippus) caterpillar pigment variation in nature. Over a 650,000 km2 region in Canada and the USA, caterpillars found in warmer locations or lower latitudes had thinner black stripes than those found in colder locations or higher latitudes. Caterpillars have also become less black over the last five years, a result consistent with observed short-term increases in summer temperature in this region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study demonstrates that the relationship between temperature and monarch caterpillar pigmentation seen in laboratory settings is also apparent in nature, although with considerable variation. Our study also highlights the utility of online biodiversity repositories such as iNaturalist for characterizing colour variation in nature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421266
title: Performance evaluation of portable dual-spot micro-aethalometers for source identification of Black Carbon aerosols: Application to wildfire smoke and traffic emissions in the Pacific Northwest

description: &lt;p&gt;This data has been collected and studied to understand the performance of the micro-aethalometer model MA300. Mirco-aethalometers are portable instruments for measuring Black Carbon (BC) mass concentrations. These instruments are facilitated to measure light absorption in multiple wavelengths, which can be utilized to perform source identification of BC. Through a long-term field deployment of three units of MA300s, we aimed to collect BC data at a traffic junction, covering sources from Traffic emissions. The data collection period overlapped with the Wildfire smoke-affected days in the Summer of 2020. All three MA300 units were operated inside Metro Vancouver&apos;s monitoring station at Clark Drive, Vancouver.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421943
title: Pest defenses under weak selection exert a limited influence on the evolution of height growth and drought avoidance in marginal pine populations

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whilst droughts, intensified by climate change, have been affecting forests worldwide, pest epidemics are a major source of uncertainty for assessing drought impacts on forest trees. Thus far, little information has documented the adaptability and evolvability of traits related to drought and pests simultaneously. We conducted common-garden experiments to investigate how several phenotypic traits (i.e., height growth, drought avoidance based on water-use efficiency inferred from δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C, and pest resistance based on defense traits) interact in five mature lodgepole pine populations established in four progeny trials in western Canada. The relevance of interpopulation variation in climate sensitivity highlighted that seed-source warm populations had greater adaptive capability than cold populations. In test sites, warming generated taller trees with higher δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and increased the evolutionary potential of height growth and δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C across populations. We found, however, no pronounced gradient in defenses and their evolutionary potential along populations or test sites. Response to selection was weak in defenses across test sites, but high for height growth, particularly at warm test sites. Response to selection of δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C varied depending on its selective strength relative to height growth. We conclude that warming could promote the adaptability and evolvability of growth response and drought avoidance with limited evolutionary influence from pest (biotic) pressures.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0397936
title: Data from: The evolution of environmental tolerance and range size: A comparison of geographically restricted and widespread Mimulus

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;The geographic ranges of closely related species can vary dramatically, yet we do not fully grasp the mechanisms underlying such variation. The niche breadth hypothesis posits that species that have evolved broad environmental tolerances can achieve larger geographic ranges than species with narrow environmental tolerances. In turn, plasticity and genetic variation in ecologically important traits and adaptation to environmentally variable areas can facilitate the evolution of broad environmental tolerance. We used five pairs of western North American monkeyflowers to experimentally test these ideas by quantifying performance across eight temperature regimes. In four species pairs, species with broader thermal tolerances had larger geographic ranges, supporting the niche breadth hypothesis. As predicted, species with broader thermal tolerances also had more within-population genetic variation in thermal reaction norms and experienced greater thermal variation across their geographic ranges than species with narrow thermal tolerances. Species with narrow thermal tolerance may be particularly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions due to a lack of plasticity and insufficient genetic variation to respond to novel selection pressures. Conversely, species experiencing high variation in temperature across their ranges may be buffered against extinction due to climatic changes because they have evolved tolerance to a broad range of temperatures.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421414
title: Long-term monitoring of macroalgal biodiversity in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia

description: &lt;p&gt;The sampling was started by Varoon P. Supratya and Siobhan Schenk, PhD candidates in the labs of &lt;a href="https://www3.botany.ubc.ca/martone/" class="uri", target="_blank"&gt;Patrick T. Martone&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~parfrey/parfrey_lab/" class="uri", target="_blank"&gt;Laura Wegener Parfrey&lt;/a&gt;, respectively, both at the University of British Columbia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Both Varoon and Siobhan study macroalgae for their degrees. Macroalgae are marine foundation species in intertidal ecosystems, but data regarding their historical abundance, diversity, and phenology remains lacking in many regions, including British Columbia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This absence of historical baselines may hinder assessments of how macroalgae are affected by anthropogenic stressors, such as extreme weather events (e.g., 2021 heat dome) or invasive species. Obtaining baseline data may be especially important for urban intertidal zones, where the impact of increasing anthropogenic stressors is underappreciated.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To fill this data gap, they started a collaborative long-term survey in 2021 to document year-round macroalgal biodiversity in a highly biodiverse urban intertidal zone around the Girl in a Wetsuit Statue in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (49.30275394688415, -123.12643462372476).&lt;/p&gt; For easy data visualization, the &lt;a href = "https://siobhanschenk.shinyapps.io/algae_transects_stanley_park/", target="_blank"&gt;Shiny app linked here &lt;/a&gt; may be useful, but we strongly reccomend doing your own data analysis. Please cite this Borealis page if you use these data, not the Shiny app.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0406607
title: Data from: A new lineage of Galapagos giant tortoises identified from museum samples

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Galapagos Archipelago is recognized as a natural laboratory for studying evolutionary processes. San Cristóbal was one of the first islands colonized by tortoises, which radiated from there across the archipelago to inhabit 10 islands. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial control region from six historical giant tortoises from San Cristóbal (five long deceased individuals found in a cave and one found alive during an expedition in 1906) and discovered that the five from the cave are from a clade that is distinct among known Galapagos giant tortoises but closely related to the species from Española and Pinta Islands. The haplotype individual collected alive in 1906 is in the same clade as the haplotype in the contemporary population. To search for traces of a second lineage in the contemporary population on San Cristóbal, we closely examined the population by sequencing the mitochondrial control region for 129 individuals and genotyping 70 of these for both 21 microsatellite loci and &gt;12 000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]. The dataset archived here consists of a VCF file of the SNPs genotyped through ddRAD and a structure file of the 21 microsatellites with the genotypes for the same 64 individuals in each. Only a single mitochondrial haplotype was found, with no evidence to suggest substructure based on the nuclear markers.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421723
title: Data from: Integrating demographic niches and black spruce range expansion at subarctic treelines

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;When investigating relationships between species’ niches and distributions, niches can be divided demographically, resulting in unique niches for different life stages. This approach can identify changing substrate requirements throughout a species’ life cycle. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling, we quantified microsite conditions associated with successful recruitment in the tundra landscape and successful seed production amongst adult trees of black spruce (&lt;em&gt;Picea mariana&lt;/em&gt;) at subarctic treeline in Yukon, Canada to assess how life stage-specific requirements may impact the distribution of this widespread boreal tree species. Treeline ecotones in this region showed high heterogeneity in tundra microsites available for establishment. Black spruce exhibited changing microsite associations from germination to reproductive maturity, which were mainly driven by changes in plant community and soil moisture. These associations limit the microsites where individuals can establish and reproduce to a subset available within the heterogeneous landscape. Overall, we suggest that (1) substrates suitable for early recruitment are limited at the range edge; and (2) reproductive adults have a narrow niche, limiting successful seed production in adults and forming sink populations where suitable conditions are limited. Our multivariate assessment of microsite suitability can provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of a species throughout its life cycle and identify life stage-specific constraints to range expansion.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421953
title: Insect seed and cone predation reduces reproductive potential of treeline conifers across northern Canada

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim&lt;/strong&gt;: Altitudinal and latitudinal treeline ecotones have not consistently responded to climate warming the in direction and/or magnitude as predicted by climate alone, suggesting that non-climatic mechanisms (e.g., biotic interactions) are also mediating treeline range dynamics. Through a collaborative research approach, we assessed environmental conditions associated with insect cone granivory and how this biotic interaction may govern the reproductive potential, and therefore range dynamics, of spruce-dominated treelines across northern Canada. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location&lt;/strong&gt;: Ten boreal forest treelines, tundra and alpine, from Yukon to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Taxa&lt;/strong&gt;: White spruce (&lt;em&gt;Picea&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;glauca&lt;/em&gt; (Moench) Voss), Black spruce (&lt;em&gt;Picea&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;mariana&lt;/em&gt; (Mill.) B.S.P.), &lt;em&gt;Strobilomyia&lt;/em&gt; spp., &lt;em&gt;Megastigmus&lt;/em&gt; spp.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: Treeline sites were assessed for presence and magnitude of pre-seed dispersal granivory by insects, and viability of available seed was determined. We quantified stand density metrics, organic layer depth, and understory vegetation composition at each location and, subsequently, incorporated those variables into generalized linear mixed models to establish predictors of granivory magnitude and viability of available seed. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: Our findings reveal the widespread presence of insect granivory across sites, however, site-specific patterns of granivory were associated with increased moss cover and decreased shrub cover and stand density. While all black-spruce-dominated sites exhibited seed viability rates greater than 50%, the number of seeds produced per cone varied, suggesting that within-site abiotic conditions and biotic interaction pressures limit successful colonization of novel environments in advance of seed dispersal. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;: Results from the modelled relationships between cone granivory, seed viability, and environmental conditions represent an essential step toward generalizing how and when biotic interactions across subarctic treelines influence boreal tree range dynamics before seed dispersal. Connections between granivory magnitude and site-level stand density will help establish how treeline form (e.g., discrete or diffuse) may drive patterns of future insect outbreaks under continued climate warming. &lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421713
title: Livestock haulers’ views about dairy cattle transport in Atlantic Canada

description: Increasing interest by stakeholders, including the public, in farm animal welfare has brought about recent changes to the Canadian livestock transport regulations that affected dairy cattle transport. We interviewed 7 livestock haulers in Atlantic Canada regarding their attitudes towards these recent changes. Our analyses of the conversations revealed the following 2 major themes: 1) issues relating to animal welfare and management on the dairy farm and during transport and, 2) the feasibility of transport requirements and the enforcement of the regulations, including animosity towards other haulers and the challenge of satisfying both regulatory bodies and farmer clientele.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421947
title: Limited recovery following a massive seagrass decline in subarctic eastern Canada

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Over the last few decades, there has been increasing recognition of seagrasses' contribution to the functioning of nearshore ecosystems and climate change mitigation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Nevertheless, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;seagrass ecosystems have been deteriorating globally at an accelerating rate during recent decades. In 2017, research into the condition of eelgrass (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Zostera marina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;) along the eastern coast of James Bay, Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;, was initiated in response to reports of eelgrass decline by the Cree First Nations of Eeyou Istchee. As part of this research, we compiled and analyzed two decades of eelgrass cover data and three decades of eelgrass monitoring data (biomass and density) to detect changes and assess possible&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; environmental drivers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;. We detected a major decline in eelgrass conditions between 1995 and 1999, which encompassed the entire east coast of James Bay. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020 indicated limited changes post-decline, e.g., low eelgrass cover (&lt;25%), low aboveground biomass, smaller shoots than before 1995, and marginally low densities persisted at most sites. Overall, the synthesized datasets show a 40 % loss of eelgrass meadows with &gt; 50% cover in eastern James Bay since 1995, representing the largest scale eelgrass decline documented in eastern Canada since the massive die-off event that occurred in the 1930s along the North Atlantic coast. Using biomass data collected since 1982, but geographically limited to the sector of the coast near the regulated La Grande River, generalized additive modeling revealed eelgrass meadows are affected by local sea surface temperature, early ice breakup, and higher summer freshwater discharge. Our results caution against assuming subarctic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;seagrass ecosystems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; have avoided recent global declines or will benefit from ongoing climate warming.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421724
title: Data for: Resetting our expectations for parasites and their effects on species interactions: A meta-analysis

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the ubiquitous nature of parasitism, how parasitism alters the outcome of host species interactions such as competition, mutualism, and predation remain unknown. Using a phylogenetically informed meta-analysis of 154 studies, we examined how the mean and variance in the outcomes of species interactions differed between parasitized and non-parasitized hosts. Overall, parasitism did not significantly affect the mean or variance of host species interaction outcomes, nor did the shared evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites have an effect. Instead, there was considerable variation in outcomes, ranging from strongly detrimental to strongly beneficial for infected hosts. Trophically-transmitted parasites increased the negative effects of predation, parasites increased and decreased the negative effects of interspecific competition for parasitized and non-parasitized heterospecifics, respectively, and parasites had particularly strong negative effects on host species interactions in freshwater and marine habitats, yet were beneficial in terrestrial environments. Our results illuminate the diverse ways in which parasites modify critical linkages in ecological networks, implying that whether the cumulative effects of parasitism are considered detrimental depends not only on the interactions between hosts and their parasites, but also on the many other interactions that hosts experience.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0421950
title: Who develops pandemic fatigue? Insights from latent class analysis

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to the World Health Organization, pandemic fatigue poses a serious threat for managing COVID-19. Pandemic fatigue is characterized by progressive decline in adherence to social distancing (SDIS) guidelines, and is thought to be associated with pandemic-related emotional burnout. Little is known about the nature of pandemic fatigue; for example, it is unclear who is most likely to develop pandemic fatigue. We sought to evaluate this issue based on data from 5,812 American and Canadian adults recruited during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Past-year decline in adherence to SDIS had a categorical latent structure according to Latent Class Analysis, consisting of a group adherent to SDIS (Class 1: 92% of the sample) and a group reporting a progressive decline in adherence to SDIS (i.e., pandemic fatigue; Class 2: 8% of the sample). Class 2, compared to Class 1, was associated with greater pandemic-related burnout, pessimism, and apathy about the COVID-19 pandemic. They also tended to be younger, perceived themselves to be more affluent, tended to have greater levels of narcissism, entitlement, and gregariousness, and were more likely to report having been previously infected with SARSCOV2, which they regarded as an exaggerated threat. People in Class 2 also self-reported higher levels of pandemic-related stress, anxiety, and depression, and described making active efforts at coping with SDIS restrictions, which they perceived as unnecessary and stressful. People in Class 1 generally reported that they engaged in SDIS for the benefit of themselves and their community, although 35% of this class also feared they would be publicly shamed if they did not comply with SDIS guidelines. The findings suggest that pandemic fatigue affects a substantial minority of people and even many SDIS-adherent people experience emotionally adverse effects (i.e., fear of being shamed). Implications for the future of SDIS are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;