DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1n6
title: Data from: Acoustic behavior of endangered Hawaiian false killer whales

description: This dataset accompanies the study: Acoustic behavior of endangered Main
 Hawaiian Islands insular false killer whales *(Pseudorca
 crassidens) *and contains data and analyses used to characterize
 the pulsed call repertoire, nonlinear phenomena, and behavioral context of
 calling. Biologging tags (CATS and DTAG) were deployed on four individuals
 from two social clusters around the Main Hawaiian Islands between 2011 and
 2024. The CATS tags were sampled at 96 kHz, and the DTAG at 240 kHz. Data
 was processed using Raven Pro and PAMGuard. The repository includes the
 following: Data inputs (kinematic/acoustic data tables) Data used in the
 statistical analysis Interobserver reliability test scores Spreadsheets of
 call features from each trace extracted using the ROCCA module in PAMGuard
 for each call type Examples of audio files used to generate spectrograms
 in the Supplementary material (S1) A total of 5,940 high-quality possible
 focal pulsed calls were analyzed, from which 52 stereotyped call types
 were identified and categorized based on their fundamental frequency
 contours. Please cite this dataset and the associated Royal Society Open
 Science publication when using these data.
description: # Data from: Acoustic behavior of endangered Hawaiian false killer whales
 Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1n6 ## Description of the data and file
 structure Two suction cup tag types were used to collect acoustic and
 kinematic data: digital acoustic recording tags (DTAG version 3) and
 customized animal tracking solutions (CATS) tags . Both tags were equipped
 with acoustic sensors to record sound production, a pressure sensor to
 record depth, and a suite of inertial sensors to measure animal
 orientation and allow for fine-scale movement tracking. Tags were deployed
 by pole during multiple boat-based field efforts in 2011 (off Hawaiʻi
 Island) and from 2023-2024 (off the islands of Maui and Lānaʻi). HTI-96
 mini hydrophones (sampling rate 96 kHz, 16 bit resolution, flat frequency
 response from 2 Hz – 30 kHz) were integrated in the CATS tags with a
 hydrophone-specific sensitivity ranging from -169.4 to 170.2 re: 1V uPa-1.
 CATS tags were equipped with multiple inertial sensors including tri-axial
 accelerometers (SR 400 Hz), magnetometers (SR 50 Hz), gyroscopes (SR 50
 Hz), a light sensor (LED headlight) and a high-resolution (2K) video
 camera. The DTAG sampled at 240 kHz with a nominal tag hydrophone
 sensitivity of –175 dB re 1 V/uPa. ### Description of the data and file
 structure The dataset in RSOS-250918_dryadsubmission.zip is comprised of
 five folders: #### FOLDER 1: 1_tag_data_tables ###### .mat files with
 \_acoustics \[Column 1] SNR_values_t - signal to noise (SNR) ratio
 (threshold used indicated in the filename. \[Column 2] SNR_files_t - name
 of exported signal .wav file where selection in Raven Pro was taken from
 \[Column 3] C_filename - name of exported call .wav file where selection
 in Raven Pro was taken from \[Column 4] Selection - selection number from
 Raven Pro table \[Column 5] BeginFile - name of original tag .wav file
 where signal/call selections were exported from. \[Column 6] BeginDateTime
 - Date/time of start of call in YYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss.SSSS. \[Column 7]
 BeginTime_s - Time of start of call in seconds (Beginning of Raven
 bounding box) \[Column 8] EndClockTime - Time of end of call in
 hh:mm:ss.SSSS (End of Raven bounding box) \[Column 9] EndTime_s - Time of
 end of call in seconds (End of Raven bounding box) \[Column 10]
 SelectionType_S_N_C\_ - S = signal only, C= signal with buffer in time
 before and after the call for tracing in ROCCA. \[Column 11] Call\_ -
 Arbitrary call number since first call in Raven from .wav file. \[Column
 12] Animal_F_NF\_ - F = focal animal, NF = non0focal animal, U = unsure
 will need to designate based on SNR \[Column 13] Clicks__R_0\_ - Clicks
 present (0, R= rasp, or if missing any value (empty cell) clicks were
 present) \[Column 14] ClickAssociation - Clicks association with the call
 (C- yes with the call; U - unknown) \[Column 15] SecondarySidebands_P_A\_
 - Indicates if secondary sidebands are present (P) or absent (A) in the
 call. \[Column 16] Notes - Additional call notes. \[Column 17] Overlap -
 1= no overlap with focal contour but non-focal signal in box (added K for
 keep at the end if focal overlap in box is not major and could still be
 included); 2= overlap OF focal contour with non-focal signal; 3= no
 overlap with focal contour but potentially non focal overlap in box; 4=
 overlap with focal contour with contour that is also potentially non-focal
 so unclear which is the focal signal; B= Buzz present; R - Remove (clicks
 hard to tell which belongs to which); C= background clicks \[Column 18]
 AudioCut_Out - Y: yes occurring \[Column 19] LoudBackground - Y: yes
 occurring \[Column 20] Chaos - P: present \[Column 21] Sequence -
 Indicates if call is part of a sequence (e.g. 1/3,2/3,3/3). Denominator of
 the fraction indicates the number of calls in the sequence. \[Column 22]
 CallType_Final - Earlier call classification (unpublished). \[Column 23]
 deployment_callnum - Consecutive call number from start of deployment.
 \[Column 24] Call_Type_Category - Earlier call classification
 (unpublished). \[Column 25] CallNumber - Earlier version call number
 (unpublished). \[Column 26] manuscript_classification - Final
 classification used in the manuscript based on published call catalog.
 \[Column 27] TagNum - 1= DTAG_102011_SNR22_v2_acoustics; 2 =
 CATSJ1022023_SNR25; 3 = CATSJ1102024_SNR29; 4 = CATSJ4_102024_SNR40 ######
 .mat files with \_acoustics_kinematics \[Columns 1 - 4, 6-11] - (These
 columns were not used for this study.) \[Column 5] - DiveStates - Surface
 (0–2m— Dive State 0), Descent (Dive State 1), Ascent (Dive State 2),
 Shallow bottom phase (or less than 100 m—Dive State 3), Deep bottom phase
 (deeper dives &gt; 100 m—Dive State 4). \[Column 12] - SwimSpeed - Swim
 Speed (m/s) calculated from CATS tag inertial sensor data. \[Column 13] -
 Depth - Animal depth (m) calculated from CATS tag inertial sensor data.
 \[Column 14-27] - (Columns transferred over from the
 '_acoustics' .mat files. Column information detailed above.)
 \[Column 28] - Jerk - calculated from CATS tag inertial sensor data.
 \[Column 29] - ID - CATS tag number (pc230215-J1, pc241020-J1,pc241020-J4)
 \[Column 30] - TagNum - 1= DTAG_102011_SNR22_v2_acoustics; 2 =
 CATSJ1022023_SNR25; 3 = CATSJ1102024_SNR29; 4 = CATSJ4_102024_SNR40
 \[Column 28] - Calling - 0 - no call associated with that CATS tag PRH
 times. 1 - call associated with that specific CATS tag PRH times ######
 .mat files with \_acoustics_kinematics_callsonly Only rows from .mat files
 with \_acoustics_kinematics that have calls (Calling column has a value of
 1) ###### .mat files with \_acoustics_kinematics_plotting All rows from
 .mat files with \_acoustics_kinematics were included in this .mat file but
 only rows where the tag was on the animal were included (beginning/end of
 table clipped based on time the tag was on/off animal - refer to Table 1
 in the manuscript for those times). #### FOLDER 2: 2_statistical_analysis
 1. ***GLMM_data_60s.RData:*** R workspace that contains the data table
 used for the final generalized linear mixed (GLMM) model \[Column 1]
 DiveStates - Minute bin from time in deployment. \[Column 2] Calling - 0=
 no calling recorded in that bin, 1= calls recorded in that bin. \[Column
 3] Speed_speed - Average speed (m/s) calculated across a 60 second time
 interval and derived from the speed column (Column 12 from
 '_acoustics_kinematics' .mat file) \[Column 4] Depth - Average
 depth (m) calculated across a 60 second time interval and derived from the
 depth column (Column 13 from '_acoustics_kinematics' .mat file)
 \[Column 5] Hour_mode - 0= start of the deployment and numbers continue in
 sequential order. \[Column 6] TagNum - 1= DTAG_102011_SNR22_v2_acoustics;
 2 = CATSJ1022023_SNR25; 3 = CATSJ1102024_SNR29; 4 = CATSJ4_102024_SNR40
 \[Column 7] Time - Sequential numbering order per deployment based on 60
 second bins (e.g. 1 is the first 60 second bin). \[Column 8] Time_of_Day -
 Hour of the day. ***2. NBR_all_tag_callrates_divestates.csv:*** Csv file
 that contained the tag call rates included in the negative binomial
 regression (NBR). \[Column 1] Minute - Minute bin from time in deployment.
 \[Column 2] Call_rate - Call rate calculated as number of calls recorded
 per minute. \[Column 3] Speed_average - Average speed (m/s) derived from
 the speed column (Column 12 from '_acoustics_kinematics' .mat
 file) \[Column 4] Depth_average - Average depth (m) derived from the depth
 column (Column 13 from '_acoustics_kinematics' .mat file)
 \[Column 5] Tag_num - 1= DTAG_102011_SNR22_v2_acoustics; 2 =
 CATSJ1022023_SNR25; 3 = CATSJ1102024_SNR29; 4 = CATSJ4_102024_SNR40
 \[Column 6] Dive_state_mode - - Surface (0–2m— Dive State 0), Descent
 (Dive State 1), Ascent (Dive State 2) and Shallow bottom phase (or less
 than 100 m—Dive State 3). If two dive states occurred, each accounting for
 40–60% of samples, the dive state was considered a transition dive state
 ('*to*' indicated in the spreadsheet). #### FOLDER 3:
 3_interobserver_reliability_test Results from the Interobserver
 reliability test in IORT_summaryscores.csv. Columns descriptions below:
 \[Column 1] Actual_class - Call type number from call catalog. \[Column 2]
 Observer_1 - Observer 1 classification results \[Column 3] Observer_2 -
 Observer 2 classification results \[Column 4] Observer_3 - Observer 3
 classification results \[Column 5] TRUE - Number of observers whose
 classification aligned with the correct call classification. \[Column 6]
 FALSE - Number of observers whose classification did not aligned with the
 correct call classification. #### FOLDER 4: 4_audio_examples_S1 Exemplar
 audio files (.wav) for each call type for both CATS and DTAG data. ####
 FOLDER 5: 5_ROCCA_tables 1. ***CATS and DTAG folders:*** Contain a
 RoccaContourStats .csv for each call type with each individual row
 representing an individual trace extracted from ROCCA. Refer to Appendix A
 in the ROCCA (Real-time Odontocete Call Classification Algorithm) User’s
 Manual for a description of each column: * Begsweep- slope of the
 beginning sweep (1 = positive, -1 = negative, 0 = zero) - Begup- binary
 variable: 1=beginning slope is positive, 0=beginning slope is negative *
 Begdwn- binary variable: 1=beginning slope is negative, 0=beginning slope
 is positive Endsweep- slope of the end sweep (1 = positive, -1 = negative,
 = 0 zero) * Endup- binary variable: 1=ending slope is positive, 0=ending
 slope is negative - Enddwn- binary variable: 1=ending slope is negative,
 0=ending slope is positive * Beg- beginning frequency (Hz) - End- ending
 frequency (Hz) * Min- minimum frequency (Hz) - Dur- duration (sec) *
 Range- maximum frequency–minimum frequency (Hz) - Max- maximum frequency
 (Hz) * mean freq- mean frequency (Hz) - median freq- median frequency (Hz)
 * std freq- standard deviation of the frequency (Hz) - Spread- difference
 between the 75th and the 25th percentiles of the frequency * quart freq-
 frequency at one quarter of the duration (Hz) - half freq- frequency at
 one half of the duration (Hz) * Threequart- frequency at three quarters of
 the duration (Hz) - Centerfreq- (minimum frequency + (maximum
 frequency-minimum frequency))/2 * rel bw- relative bandwidth: (max freq -
 min freq)/center freq - Maxmin- max freq/min freq * Begend- beg freq/end
 freq - Cofm- coefficient of frequency modulation: take 20 frequency
 measurements equally spaced in time, then subtract each frequency value
 from the one before it. COFM is the sum of the absolute values of these
 differences, all divided by 10,000 * tot step- number of steps (10 percent
 or greater increase or decrease in frequency over two contour points) -
 tot inflect- number of inflection points (changes from positive to
 negative or negative to positive slope) * max delta- maximum time between
 inflection points - min delta- minimum time between inflection points *
 maxmin- delta max delta/min delta - mean delta- mean time between
 inflection points * std delta- standard deviation of the time between
 inflection points - median delta- median of the time between inflection
 points * mean slope- overall mean slope - mean pos- slope mean positive
 slope * mean neg- slope mean negative slope - mean absslope- mean absolute
 value of the slope * Posneg mean- positive slope/mean negative slope -
 perc up- percent of the whistle that has a positive slope * perc dwn-
 percent of the whistle that has a negative slope - perc flt- percent of
 the whistle that has zero slope * up dwn- number of inflection points that
 go from positive slope to negative slope - dwn up- number of inflection
 points that go from negative slope to positive slope * up flt- number of
 times the slope changes from positive to zero - dwn flt- number of times
 the slope changes from negative to zero * flt dwn- number of times the
 slope changes from zero to negative - flt up- number of times the slope
 changes from zero to positive * step up- number of steps that have
 increasing frequency - step dwn- number of steps that have decreasing
 frequency * step.dur- number of steps/duration - inflect.dur- number of
 inflection points/duration Citation: Oswald, J. N., & Oswald, M.
 (2013). ROCCA (Real-time Odontocete Call Classification Algorithm) User’s
 Manual. prepared for Naval Facilities Engineering Command Atlantic,
 Norfolk, Virginia under HDR Environmental, Operations and Construction,
 Inc., Contract No. CON005-4394-009, Subproject, 164744. ***2.
 All_Rocca_Summary_Stats_averages.csv:*** The mean and standard deviation
 of the following ROCCA variables: FREQBEG (units = Hz), FREQBEG_KHZ (units
 = kHz),FREQEND (units = Hz), FREQEND_KHZ (units = kHz), FREQMIN (units =
 Hz), FREQMIN_KHZ (units = kHz), FREQMAX (units = Hz), FREQMAX_KHZ (units =
 kHz), FREQRANGE (units = Hz), FREQRANGE_KHZ (units = kHz), DURATION (units
 = s). These averages/SD were extracted from the .csv spreadsheets included
 in the folders detailed above. ***3.
 call_parameters_comparison_withliterature.csv:*** This spreadsheet
 contains a comparative summary of prior summary variables included in
 other studies. \[Column 1] - Source - Paper citation where data was
 summarized from. \[Column 2] - Region - Population of false killer whales/
 region where the data was collected. The following acoustic parameters
 were also included in columns 3-14: * StartF(mean) - start frequency mean
 - StartF(SD) - start frequency standard deviation * EndF(mean) - end
 frequency mean - EndF(SD) - end frequency standard deviation * MinF(mean)
 - minimum frequency mean - MinF(SD) - minimum frequency standard deviation
 * MaxF(mean) - maximum frequency mean - MaxF(SD) - maximum frequency
 standard deviation * Bandwidth(mean) - bandwidth mean - Bandwidth(SD) -
 bandwidth standard deviation * Duration(mean) - duration mean -
 Duration(SD) - duration standard deviation ## Code/software MATLAB or R is
 required to view the data. ## Access information For access to the raw
 .wav files used in this study, please contact the corresponding author at
 [brijonnay.madrigal@gmail.com](mailto:brijonnay.madrigal@gmail.com)