DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59zw3r2hr
title: Data from: Effects of disbudding on behavior and heart rate during jugular venipuncture in dairy calves

description: Disbudding is a common painful procedure that alters physiological and
 behavioral responses in calves. Other routine management procedures are
 commonly performed on calves while these disbudding wounds are healing,
 such as vaccine injections, jugular venipuncture to check for passive
 immunity, and ear tagging. While disbudding is known to cause long-lasting
 pain, the effects of an additional invasive procedure on calf behavior and
 heart rate when wounds are present is understudied. To evaluate the
 effects of multiple, consecutive routine management procedures, we tested
 whether calves were more reactive to handling and a jugular venipuncture
 that occurred 3 d after caustic paste disbudding compared to those that
 were not disbudded. We assigned 26 heifers to 2 treatments at 3 d of age:
 sham handling (n = 13) or caustic-paste disbudding (n = 13). Three d after
 paste was applied, heart rate and 3 behaviors (hindleg lifts, foreleg
 lifts, struggling) were observed while the calves were restrained and a
 jugular venipuncture was performed. Although there was no evidence of a
 significant difference in average heart rate (mean ± SE: Paste = 142 ± 4;
 Control = 148 ± 7 beats/min), foreleg lifts (mean ± SE: Paste = 3.3 ± 0.4;
 Control = 2.9 ± 0.5 lifts/min), or struggling (mean ± SE: Paste = 0.03 ±
 0.01; Control = 0.03 ± 0.01 proportion of handling time), disbudded calves
 performed more hindleg lifts during the venipuncture than non-disbudded
 calves (mean ± SE: Paste = 7.5 ± 1.1; Control = 4.1 ± 0.6 lifts/min).
 However, foreleg lifts and struggling were likely hindered by the
 restraint used. Similarly, heart rate may have reached a ceiling effect
 associated with the stress of handling. The difference in hindleg lifts
 provides preliminary evidence that disbudded calves are more responsive to
 the combination of handling and jugular venipuncture 3 d later than
 non-disbudded controls.
description: # Data from: Effects of disbudding on behavior and heart rate during
 jugular venipuncture in dairy calves [Access this dataset on
 Dryad](https://doi.org/XXX) Data were collected from 26 heifers. Calves
 were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: caustic paste disbudding (n = 13; 10
 Holsteins and 3 Jerseys) or control (n = 13; 10 Holsteins and 3 Jerseys).
 On d 3 of life, pain relief was provided, and Dr. Naylor’s paste was
 rubbed into unshaved horn buds at 0.25 or 0.30 mL/per horn bud when calves
 had a birthweight of &lt; 34 kg or ≥ 34 kg, respectively for disbudded
 calves. Control calves received a sham handling procedure on d 3. On d 6,
 all calves had a jugular venipuncture performed, a standard procedure used
 to evaluate passive transfer of immunity. During the blood draw, calves
 were fitted with a heart rate monitor and video recorded. Videos were
 observed for 3 behaviors: hindleg lifts, foreleg lifts, and struggling. To
 account for variation in handling time, among calf behavior was analyzed
 as a proportion of time observed. ## Description of the data and file
 structure * *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture clean
 data.xlsx*; This file presents the behavior data for calves obtained via
 video observation. Treatment designates disbudded "Paste" or
 sham handled "control". CalfID indicates the ear tag number for
 individual identification of a calf. Breed is Jersey or Holstein for each
 calf. Behavior indicates which of the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg
 lifts; struggling) values are being shown in that row. The “Type” of
 behavior is represented as a count or duration and the corresponding value
 is represented in the “Count/DurationObserved” column. For struggling, the
 "Proportion" column was calculated by dividing the duration by
 “HandlingTime_Sec” which represents the total length of the blood draw
 handling in seconds. For hindleg and foreleg lifts, the
 "Proportion" column was calculated by dividing the count of each
 behavior by the handling time and multiplying by 60 to get the behaviors
 on a per minute basis. Heart rate in beats/min was averaged throughout the
 handling time for each calf and is shown in the “HR_BPM” column. *
 *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture analysis 240717.Rmd*; This
 RMarkdown file uses the .xlsx file listed above to build and validate
 models to describe the effects of treatment (Control and Paste) on
 behavior and heart rate (beats/min), and produce the model results used in
 the corresponding paper. Rmd files can be downloaded and run in R. This
 file is annotated. * *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture
 analysis 240717.pdf*; This file is the PDF output of the corresponding
 RMarkdown file, and includes the code and output previews. This file is
 annotated. * *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture reliability
 data.xlsx*; This file presents data used to calculate inter and intra
 observer reliability. Videos were continuously scored in BORIS for the
 frequency (total number of occurrences) of foreleg and hindleg lifts and
 the duration of struggling (in seconds). "NA" indicates that the
 behavior does not have a duration and the column does not apply to that
 row. * *"Inter observer" sheet*; This sheet presents the
 frequency (total count) or duration (in seconds) of each behavior scored
 by HG and AMD for the respective videos. AMD was used as the gold standard
 and reliability was calculated using ICC3. The "Video" column
 indicates an individual identification number for that video and the order
 in which they were watched. The videos used for Inter and Intra observer
 reliability were not the same and were stored in separate folders on the
 computer. The "Behaviors" column indicates which of the 3
 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts; struggling) values are being shown
 in that row. Hind and foreleg lifts are counts while struggling is a
 duration in seconds. "HGCount" and "HGDuration" show
 the total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by
 observer "HG". "AMDCount" and "AMDDuration"
 show the total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by
 observer "AMD". * *“Intra observer” sheet*; This sheet presents
 the frequency or duration of each behavior scored by HG at the start
 (indicated by 1 in the column title) and end (indicated by 2 in the column
 title) of data collection. Intra observer reliability calculated using
 ICC3. The "Video" column indicates an individual identification
 number for that video and the order in which they were watched. The videos
 used for Inter and Intra observer reliability were not the same and were
 stored in seprate folders on the computer. The "Behavior" column
 indicates which of the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts;
 struggling) values are being shown in that row. Hind and foreleg lifts are
 counts while struggling is a duration in seconds. "HG1Count" and
 "HG1Duration" show the total observed count or duration of the
 respective behavior by observer "HG" at the beginning of video
 observation. "HG2Count" and "HG2Duration" show the
 total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by observer
 "HG" at the end of video observation. * *“Results” sheet*; This
 sheet provides the ICC3 results for each behavior for both inter and intra
 observer reliability. The "Behavior" column indicates which of
 the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts; struggling) values are being
 shown in that row. Hind and foreleg lifts are counts while struggling is a
 duration in seconds. "InterObserver_ICC3" shows the results of
 the ICC_3 comparison between AMD and HG for the respective behavior.
 "IntraObserver_ICC3" shows the results of the ICC_3 comparison
 between HG at the start and end of video observation. *
 *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture reliability 240502.Rmd*;
 This RMarkdown file uses the .xlsx file listed above to evaluate inter and
 intra observer reliability. Rmd files can be downloaded and run in R. This
 file is annotated. * *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture
 reliability 240502.pdf*; This file is the PDF output of the corresponding
 RMarkdown file, and includes the code and output previews. This file is
 annotated. * *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture example.mp4*;
 This video file is an example of the process used to conduct the jugular
 venipuncture. This video was used to score behavioral differences between
 disbudded and control calves during the procedure. ## Code/Software All
 analyses were run in R using RStudio. Software versions, including those
 for all packages used, are included in *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular
 venipuncture analysis 240318.Rmd*, *Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular
 venipuncture reliability 240318.Rmd*, and the associated PDF exports.