DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86r7
title: Data from: Experimental study on the benefits of nature-based solutions for debris-flow mitigation via synergistic eco-geotechnical measures

description: Research on nature-based solutions (NbSs) for mitigating debris-flow
 hazards has increased interest in eco-geotechnical systems. Most studies
 focused on the efficiency of isolated mitigation measures, while the
 benefits and mechanisms of coordinated approaches remain unclear.
 Consequently, this study proposed a novel approach to mitigating
 debris-flow velocity, sediment transport, and energy by utilizing
 tree-shrub mixed-vegetation filter strips (T-SMVFS) along S-shaped flow
 paths combined with dams. The optimal design determination involved four
 steps: 1) optimal T-SMVFS row and stem spacings were determined; 2)
 S-shaped flow path parameters were set based on width ratios; 3) effects
 of synergistic and individual measures on debris-flow reduction were
 compared; and 4) a flow velocity reduction equation was constructed,
 considering the influence of topographic features, vegetation planting
 patterns, and debris flow properties. Results revealed that a completely
 covered T-SMVFS with row and stem spacings of 10 and 6 cm in 1/50th scale,
 respectively, exhibited the best reduction effects with 50% energy
 reduction, 55% sediment interception, and 53% flow discharge regulation.
 As the S-shaped flow path width increased, the flow reduction and sediment
 interception rates decreased sequentially, while the transportation
 capacity increased. Synergistic measures achieved 60% and 70% in energy
 and sediment interception reductions, respectively, outperforming pure
 geotechnical and biological measures. Comparisons between different
 synergistic approaches indicated that a coupled S-shaped vegetation filter
 strip with a 45% flow path proportion and a beam damweres more effective
 in reducing debris flow. These findings provide a reference for subsequent
 optimal mitigation solutions involving NbSs that integrate synergistic
 eco-geotechnical measures.
description: Simulated flume experiments were performed with different stem
 and row spacings with mixed shrub-tree vegetation to investigate the
 effects of coupling ecological and geotechnical measures on debris-flow
 sediment interception, flow discharge, velocity, and grain size. The
 experiment primarily consisted of three parts: In Part 1, this study
 explores the interception effect of full-cover vegetation arrangement on
 debris flow movement and obtains the optimal row and stem spacing. Part 2,
 it examines the influence mechanism of S-shaped flow path width variation
 on debris flow movement under optimal row and stem spacing. Part 3, it
 analyzes the mechanism and benefits of the integrated S-shape vegetation
 filter strip and geotechnical measures. To monitor sediment deposition, a
 grid was positioned on the glass retaining wall of the flume along the
 direction of water flow to track the sediment's height and
 morphology. Three laser mud level meters (Leuze, ODSL 30/V-30M-S12, 10 Hz)
 and two cameras (GoPro 9, 3840 × 2160 pixels, 30 fps) were installed
 directly above the flume. The three laser mud level meters were installed
 at distances of 0.5, 1.25, and 3.5 m from the material pool to measure
 variations in the flow-body depth in front of the debris dam, between the
 debris and vegetation filter strips, and behind the vegetation filter
 strips, respectively. Two cameras were installed at distances of 1.25 and
 3.5 m from the material pool to observe and record the processes, wherein
 debris flows passed through the debris and vegetation filter strips,
 respectively. Two additional cameras (Sony FDR-AX60, 3840 × 2160 pixels,
 25 fps) were installed on the side and directly behind the flume to
 observe and record the entire test process.
description: # Data from: Experimental study on the benefits of nature-based solutions
 for debris-flow mitigation via synergistic eco-geotechnical measures
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86r7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86r7) ## Description of the data and file structure Through the flume experiment, the following data were collected: (1) Bulk density. Weight (*m*) and volume (*V*) were measured and used to calculate bulk density *ρ* using the formula *ρ* = *m*/*V*. (2) Flow depth. The flow depth (*h*) was measured using lasers #I, #II, and #III. (3) Velocity. Two cameras, labeled Camera #1 and #2, were placed above the baffles to capture the surface velocity of the debris flow. The recordings were captured before (Camera #1) and after (Camera #2) the shrub filter strip. A reference material, a table tennis ball, was used to measure the distance (*s,* unit: centimeter) traveled within a specific time (*t*, unit: second). Subsequently, the velocity of debris flow movement (*v*) was then calculated based on the distance and time measurements as *v* = *s*/*t*. ### Files and variables #### File: 0-Fully_covered_vegetation_filter_strips.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with fully covered vegetation filter strips #### File: 1-S-shaped_vegetation_filter_strips.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with S-shaped vegetation filter strips #### File: 3-Only_grid_dam.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with only grid dam #### File: 2-Only_beam_dam.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with only beam dam #### File: Raw_data_of_reduction_benefits_with__different_measures.xls **Description:** Raw measured data of reduction benefits with different measures * Fully covered vegetated filter strip\ Indicates that the filter strip surface is completely covered by vegetation, with no bare soil exposed. * S-shaped * Eco-geotechnical measures * Stem spacing (cm)\ The distance between individual plant stems within a row, measured in centimeters. * Row spacing (cm)\ The distance between adjacent rows of plants, measured in centimeters. * Velocity reduction rate (%)\ The percentage decrease in runoff flow velocity after passing through the vegetated filter strip. * Flow reduction rate (%)\ The percentage reduction in runoff volume or discharge due to the presence of the vegetation. * Sediment interception rate (%)\ The percentage of sediment trapped or retained by the filter strip as runoff passes through it. * Bulk density regulation (%)\ The percentage change or improvement in soil bulk density caused by the vegetated filter strip. * Energy reduction rate (%)\ The percentage reduction in the kinetic energy of runoff flow after moving through the vegetation. #### File: 4-Only_pile-group_dam.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with only pile-group dam #### File: 6-Grid_dam_S-shaped_vegetation_filter_strips.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with grid dam and S-shaped vegetation filter strips #### File: 5-Beam_dam_S-shaped_vegetation_filter_strips.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with beam dam and S-shaped vegetation filter strips #### File: 7-Pile-group_dam__S-shaped_vegetation_filter_strips.mp4 **Description:** The experimental phenomenon with pile-group_dam and S-shaped vegetation filter strips ## Code/software No code or specific software. Videos can be viewed using VLC media or windows media player. ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * None Data was derived from the following sources: * None