cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cs673qg
title: Data from: Variable parental responses to changes in offspring demand have implications for life history theory

description: Parental care, a component of reproductive effort, should evolve in
 response to its impact on both offspring and parent fitness. If so,
 manipulations in brood value should shift levels of care in predictable
 ways, provided that appropriate cues about the change in offspring value
 are altered. Prior brood size manipulations in birds have produced
 considerable variation in responses that have not been fully investigated.
 We conducted paired, short-term (2h) reductions and enlargements in brood
 size (+/- 2 nestlings) of house sparrows in each of 4 years. Parents at
 reduced broods shifted parental care downward in all four seasons. Parents
 experiencing increased broods responded significantly variably across
 years; in some they increased care, but in others they decreased care
 compared to control periods. Nestlings in both treatments gained less mass
 than during control sessions, with year producing variable effects in
 enlarged broods. We found evidence that parents experiencing reduced
 broods behave as if recurring predation is a risk, but we found no
 evidence that parents with enlarged broods were responding to
 inappropriate cues. Instead, parent sparrows may be behaving prudently and
 avoid costs of reproduction when faced with either broods that are too
 small or too large. We modified a published model of optimal care,
 mimicked our empirical manipulation, and found that the model replicated
 our results provided cost and benefit curves were of a particular shape.
 Variation in ecology among years might affect the exact nature of the
 relationship between care and either current or residual reproductive
 value. Other data from the study population support this conclusion.
description: HOSP
 pairsData on pairs of house
 sparrows during control and experimental observations relevant to brood
 manipulations done when nestlings were 6-8 days old.Archive_pair.xlsxNestling massData on nestling mass changes during observations of unmanipulated broods of house sparrows in 2012-2014.Archive_NMass.xlsxElectronic supplementary materialContains code used to analyze data as well as results not presented in the published paper.Revised supplement.docxMetadata for archived filesContains descritpions of variables for the three data files associated with this publicationHOSP visitsData on each visit to the nest by parent house sparrows during control and experimental observations when brood size was manipulated.Archive_visits.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5fv6p3p
title: Data from: Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonisation levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland

description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important plant symbionts, but we
 know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional
 group on the AMF community composition. To examine effects of the
 surrounding plant community, of host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF
 community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a
 long-term field experiment. Within four types of manipulated grassland
 plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12
 weeks, and AMF in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we
 characterised the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool)
 and quantified plot abiotic conditions. The largest determinant of AMF
 community composition was the pool of available AMF, varying at metre
 scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was
 the host functional group. The differences between grasses and
 dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much
 larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover
 of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect
 on AMF colonisation intensity in grass hosts. Using a manipulative field
 experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host
 and surrounding vegetation.
description: Data-Smilauer_etal_2019_NewPhytol_NGS_Exp1ZIP archive with data files included in two formats (MS Excel and comma-separated-values format)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q7n55m2
title: Data from: Combination phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment reduces non-voiding contraction in a rat model of overactive bladder

description: Introduction: Current treatments for overactive bladder (OAB) are often
 discontinued due to side effects or lack of efficacy. The goal of this
 study was to determine if combining a phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor
 (PDE4i); with a type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i); would have a beneficial effect
 on OAB symptoms and if a reduced dose of PDE4i in combination with PDE5i
 could also provide a beneficial effect in OAB. We hypothesized that PDE5i
 and PDE4i combination treatment could be utilized to reduce non-voiding
 contractions and smooth muscle disruption in a rat model of OAB. Methods:
 Fifty-eight age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats underwent PBOO and daily
 gavage with PDE4i alone (roflumilast; 1mg/kg), PDE5i alone
 (tadalafil;10mg/kg), high dose combination (PDE4i 1mg/kg, PDE5i 10mg/kg),
 low dose combination (PDE4i 0.2mg/kg, PDE5i 10mg/kg), or vehicle for 28
 days. Fourteen animals underwent sham PBOO with vehicle. Rats underwent
 conscious and anesthetized cystometry 28 days after PBOO and were
 euthanized for qualitative bladder histology. One-way ANOVA on ranks with
 a Dunn’s post hoc test was used to indicate statistically significant
 differences between groups (p&lt;0.05). Results: Bladder &
 urethral weight was significantly increased after PBOO with vehicle, PDE4i
 alone, and PDE5i alone, but not with either combination treatment.
 Frequency of non-voiding contractions during both conscious and
 anesthetized cystometry increased significantly after PBOO with vehicle,
 but not after PDE4i or high dose combination treatments compared to sham
 PBOO. Threshold pressure for voiding was significantly decreased with high
 dose combination compared to vehicle. PBOO treated with PDE4i alone or
 high dose combination showed less bladder smooth muscle fibrosis than
 vehicle, PDE5i alone, or low dose combination treatments. Conclusion: A
 PDE4i and PDE5i combination treatment has potential benefit in reducing
 OAB symptoms, but future research is needed.
description: PDE4iandPDE5i_plosOne_finalThe excel sheet is the functional data collected from the experiment presented in the manuscript. All experimental procedures and data analysis are described in the published paper.  The excel sheet contains two tabs, the first one contains conscious cystometry data, and the second one contains anesthetized cystometry data. The data is organized into columns with the title of each parameter being at the top.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t02nd5m
title: Data from: Limitations to recovery following wildfire in dry forests of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, USA

description: Climate warming is contributing to increases in wildfire activity
 throughout the western U.S., leading to potentially long-lasting shifts in
 vegetation. The response of forest ecosystems to wildfire is thus a
 crucial indicator of future vegetation trajectories, and these responses
 are contingent upon factors such as seed availability, interannual climate
 variability, average climate (e.g., 30-year normals), and other components
 of the physical environment. To better understand variation in forest
 resilience to fire across vulnerable dry forests, we performed field
 surveys of conifer seedling abundance in 15 recent (1988-2010) wildfires
 and characterized temporal variation in seed cone production and seedling
 establishment. We then modeled post-fire seedling abundances for each
 species at a 30 m resolution using downscaled climate data, monthly water
 balance models, and canopy cover of surviving mature conifers. Widespread
 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed cone production occurred at least
 twice following each fire surveyed and pulses of conifer seedling
 establishment coincided with years of above-average moisture availability.
 Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedling abundances
 were higher on more mesic sites and adjacent to surviving trees, though
 there were also important interspecific differences, likely attributable
 to drought- and shade-tolerance. We estimated that 41.8% (for ponderosa
 pine) and 68.5% (for Douglas-fir) of the total area burned did not meet
 tree density thresholds consistent with historical densities for each
 species. Spatial models demonstrated that the availability of seed trees
 (particularly in the interior of large, high-severity patches) limited
 seedling abundances in many areas, but 30-year average actual
 evapotranspiration and climatic water deficit also limited abundances on
 marginal sites. A better understanding of the limitations to post-fire
 recovery is likely to aid in developing adaptation and mitigation
 strategies through the improvement of models of future ecosystem change
 throughout the western U.S.
description: Data archive for Rodman
 et al. 2019 - Ecological ApplicationsDatasets in the final
 archive file include surveys of pre- and post-fire forest structure,
 post-fire seedling abundance, the timing of seedling and sprout
 establishment, seed cone production for ponderosa pine, and spatial
 datasets describing surviving forest cover, climate, and estimated forest
 recovery throughout each of the 15 surveyed fires in southern Colorado and
 northern New Mexico, USA.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rk30f8b
title: Data from: Plasticity through canalization: the contrasting effect of temperature on trait size and growth in Drosophila

description: In most ectotherms, a reduction in developmental temperature leads to an
 increase in body size, a phenomenon known as the temperature size rule
 (TSR). In Drosophila melanogaster, temperature affects body size primarily
 by affecting critical size, the point in development when larvae initiate
 the hormonal cascade that stops growth and starts metamorphosis. However,
 while the thermal plasticity of critical size can explain the effect of
 temperature on overall body size, it cannot entirely account for the
 effect of temperature on the size of individual traits, which vary in
 their thermal sensitivity. Specifically, the legs and male genitalia show
 reduced thermal plasticity for size, while the wings show elevated thermal
 plasticity, relative to overall body size. Here, we show that these
 differences in thermal plasticity among traits reflect, in part,
 differences in the effect of temperature on the rates of cell
 proliferation during trait growth. Counterintuitively, the elevated
 thermal plasticity of the wings is due to canalization in the rate of cell
 proliferation across temperatures. The opposite is true for the legs.
 These data reveal that environmental canalization at one level of
 organization may explain plasticity at another, and vice versa.
description: Clonal_Analysis_DataAdult_Morphological_MeasurementsMorphological measurements used to generate Figure 1 in McDonald et al 2018Pupal_Tiba_MeasurementsData used to calculate the thermal plasticity of cell size and cell number in the first tibia of the pupal legs, as shown in Figure 1 of McDonald et al 2018Disc_DataData used to estimate the number of cells in the wing and first-leg imaginal discs at 17˚C and 25˚C, as detailed in Table 2 of McDonald et al 2018
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6dd260f
title: Data from: Phylogeny of Paullinia L. (Paullinieae: Sapindaceae), a diverse genus of lianas with dynamic fruit evolution

description: Paullinia L. is a genus of c. 220 mostly Neotropical forest-dwelling
 lianas that display a wide diversity of fruit morphologies. Paullinia
 resembles other members of the Paullinieae tribe in being a climber with
 stipulate compound leaves and paired inflorescence tendrils. However, it
 is distinct in having capsular fruits with woody, coriaceous, or
 crustaceous pericarps. While consistent in this basic plan, the pericarps
 of Paullinia fruits are otherwise highly variable—in some species they are
 winged, whereas in others they are without wings or covered with spines.
 With the exception of the water-dispersed indehiscent spiny fruits of some
 members of Paullinia sect. Castanella, all species are dehiscent, opening
 their capsules while they are still attached to the branch, to reveal
 arillate animal-dispersed seeds. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of
 Paullinia derived from 11 molecular markers, including nine
 newly-developed single-copy nuclear markers amplified by microfluidics
 PCR. This is the first broadly sampled molecular phylogeny for the genus.
 Paullinia is supported as monophyletic and is sister to Cardiospermum L.,
 which together are sister to Serjania Mill + Urvillea Kunth. We apply this
 novel phylogenetic hypothesis to test previous infrageneric
 classifications and to infer that unwinged fruits represent the ancestral
 condition, from which there were repeated evolutionary transitions and
 reversals. However, because the seeds of both winged and unwinged fruits
 are dispersed by animals, we conclude that the repeated transitions in
 fruit morphology may relate to visual display strategies to attract animal
 dispersers, and do not represent transitions to wind dispersal.
description: Paullinia_Phylogeny_AlignmentPaullinia phylogeny alignmentPaullinia maximum clade credibility treePaullinia_phylogeny.tre
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8769t44
title: Data from: Tracking seasonal activity of the western blacklegged tick across California

description: 1. Understanding seasonal patterns of activity, or phenology, of vector
 species is fundamental to determining seasonality of disease risk and
 epidemics of vector-borne disease. Spatiotemporal variation in abiotic
 conditions can influence variation in phenological patterns and life
 history events, which can dramatically influence the ecological role and
 human impact of a species. For arthropod vectors of human diseases such as
 ticks, these phenological patterns determine human exposure risk, yet how
 abiotic conditions interact to determine suitable conditions for
 host-seeking of vector species is difficult to disentangle. 2. Here we use
 MaxEnt to model spatial patterns and differences in host-seeking phenology
 of the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in California using
 spatially and temporally refined adult tick occurrence data and similarly
 refined climate and environmental data. We empirically validate the model
 using phenological data from field studies conducted at sites across
 California’s latitudinal gradient. 3. We find adult tick host-seeking
 activity varies substantially throughout the year, as well as across the
 large latitudinal gradient in the state. Suitable conditions for
 host-seeking are found earlier in fall and later in the spring in northern
 than in southern California. These seasonal patterns are primarily
 associated with monthly precipitation, minimum winter temperature, and
 winter precipitation, with maximum monthly temperature possibly playing a
 more prominent role in limiting host-seeking activity earlier in the
 spring in southern than northern California. 4. Synthesis and
 applications. Modelling the seasonal activity of the western blacklegged
 tick, we find both a longer window for host-feeding and more protracted
 risk of human exposure to this vector species in northern than southern
 California. We further identify key environmental factors associated with
 these patterns, including precipitation and temperature, that are
 otherwise challenging to elucidate in field and laboratory studies over
 large spatial scales. Moreover, we illustrate how species distribution
 models, in combination with temporally refined species occurrence and
 environmental data, can be used to investigate environmental factors
 predictive of geographic variation in seasonality or phenology of vector
 species. This produces not only novel ecological insight, but key
 information for public health practitioners in managing vector-borne
 disease transmission and targeting public outreach and interventions.
description: Climate and land cover
 data for tick collection (presence) locationsMacDonaldetal_JAE_2019_presSWD.csvClimate and land cover data for background sampleMacDonaldetal_JAE_2019_BackgroundSWD.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.747n4dv
title: Data from: Optimal multisensory integration

description: Animals are often confronted with potentially informative stimuli from a
 variety of sensory modalities. While there is a large proximate literature
 demonstrating multisensory integration, no general framework explains why
 animals integrate. We developed and tested a quantitative model that
 explains why multisensory integration is not always adaptive and explain
 why unimodal decision-making might be favored over multisensory
 integration. We present our model in terms of a prey that must determine
 the presence or absence of a predator. A greater chance of encountering a
 predator, a greater benefit of correctly responding to a predator, a lower
 benefit of correctly foraging, or a greater uncertainty of the second
 stimulus favors integration. Uncertainty of the first stimulus may either
 increase or decreases the favorability of integration. In three field
 studies, we demonstrate how our model can be empirically tested. We
 evaluated the model with field studies of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota
 flaviventer) by presenting marmots with an olfactory-acoustic predator
 stimulus at a feed station. We found some support for the model’s
 prediction that integration is favored when the second stimulus is less
 noisy. We hope additional predictions of the model will guide future
 empirical work that seeks to understand the extent to which multimodal
 integration might be situation dependent. We suggest that the model is
 generalizable beyond antipredator contexts and can be applied within or
 between individuals, populations or species.
description: R code for theoretical
 modelSee
 READMER
 code - theoretical model.rdryaddata_2011Data for 2011 study.dryaddata_2012Data from 2012 study.dryaddata_2013Data from 2013 study.dryadanalysisR code of analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8574ft0
title: Data from: Experimental old nest material predicts hoopoe (Upupa epops) eggshell and uropygial gland microbiota

description: Nest re-use in birds has the potential cost of infection by parasites and
 pathogens but may also be a source of beneficial symbiotic bacteria
 transmitted horizontally. Eurasian hoopoes (Upupa epops) host
 antibiotic-producing bacteria in their uropygial gland, but only while
 breeding, which suggests that the nest-hole may be a source of those
 symbionts. Interestingly, hoopoes do not build nest, thus might prefer for
 reproduction nest holes with soft materials from previous reproductions.
 Here, we tested experimentally this preference by installing in the field
 new nest boxes that were left empty or filled with either sawdust or a
 mixture of sawdust and hoopoe´s nest material from the previous year. We
 explored the experimental effect on the composition of the uropygial
 secretion bacterial community, on eggshell bacteria loads, and on several
 proxies of reproductive success. Hoopoes bred significantly more often in
 nest boxes with nest material than in empty ones, but the type of nest
 material did not affect nest box occupancy. Eggs in nest boxes with
 old-soft material harbored higher bacterial density on their shells, and
 the microbiota of the uropygial secretion of nestlings and females in
 these nest boxes differed from those in nest boxes without old-soft
 material. Moreover, although the experiment did not affect breeding
 success or related proxies, several Operational Taxonomic Units from
 female uropygial secretions were positively associated with hatching
 success. This is the first experimental evidence showing that re-used nest
 material affects the bacterial community of the uropygial secretions of
 hoopoe females. This suggests that the nest material can be a source of
 strains for their incorporation to both the uropygial gland and eggshell
 communities, highlighting a possible advantage of nest re-use previously
 unconsidered.
description: Data
 fileData collected in the
 field during the 2015 breeding season in the Hoya de Guadix (37 ºC 18´N,
 11´W), Granada (southern Spain). The data used in the analysis of females
 and nestlings are shown.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mp4jt67
title: Data from: Latitude-associated evolution and drivers of thermal response curves in body stoichiometry

description: 1. Trait-based studies are needed to understand the plastic and genetic
 responses of organisms to warming. A neglected organismal trait is
 elemental composition, despite its potential to cascade into effects on
 the ecosystem level. 2. Warming is predicted to shape elemental
 composition through shifts in storage molecules associated with responses
 in growth, body size, and metabolic rate. Our goals were to quantify
 thermal response patterns in body composition, and to obtain insights in
 their underlying drivers and their evolution across latitudes. 3. We
 reconstructed the thermal response curves (TRCs) for body elemental
 composition [C(carbon), N(nitrogen), and the C:N ratio] of damselfly
 larvae from high- and low-latitude populations. Additionally, we
 quantified the TRCs for survival, growth and development rates and body
 size to assess local thermal adaptation, as well as the TRCs for metabolic
 rate and key macromolecules (proteins, fat, sugars, and cuticular melanin
 and chitin) as these may underlie the elemental TRCs. 4. All larvae died
 at 36°C. Up to 32°C, low-latitude larvae increased growth and development
 rates and did not suffer increased mortality. Instead, growth and
 development rates of high-latitude larvae were lower and levelled off at
 24°C, and mortality increased at 32°C. This latitude-associated thermal
 adaptation pattern matched the ‘hotter-is-better’ hypothesis. With
 increasing temperatures, low-latitude larvae decreased C:N, while
 high-latitude larvae increased C:N. These patterns were driven by
 associated changes in N contents while C contents did not respond to
 temperature. Consistent with the temperature-size-rule and the thermal
 melanism hypothesis, body size and melanin levels decreased with warming.
 While all traits and associated macromolecules (except for metabolic rate
 that showed thermal compensation) assumed to underlie thermal responses in
 elemental composition showed thermal plasticity, these were largely
 independent and none could explain the stoichiometric TRCs. 5. Our results
 highlight that thermal responses in elemental composition cannot be
 explained by traditionally assumed drivers, asking for a broader
 perspective including the thermal dependence of elemental fluxes. Another
 key implication is that thermal evolution can reverse the plastic
 stoichiometric thermal responses, hence reverse how warming may shape food
 web dynamics through changes in body composition at different latitudes.
description: Dataset used for the
 statistical analysesThe first worksheet is
 for the survival analysis. The second worksheet is for the analyses for
 all other response variables.Dataset Van Dievel, Tüzün,
 Stoks.xlsx