cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128867.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Impact of Serum Cytokine Levels on EEG-Measured Arousal Regulation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Controls

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> In major depressive disorder (MDD), findings include hyperstable regulation of brain arousal measured by electroencephalography (EEG) vigilance analysis and alterations in serum levels of cytokines. It is also known that cytokines affect sleep-wake regulation. This study investigated the relationship between cytokines and EEG vigilance in participants with MDD and nondepressed controls, and the influence of cytokines on differences in vigilance between the two groups. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 60 patients with MDD and 129 controls, 15-min resting-state EEG recordings were performed and vigilance was automatically assessed with the VIGALL 2.0 (Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig). Serum levels of the wakefulness-promoting cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13 and somnogenic cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and IL-2 were measured prior to the EEG. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Summed wakefulness-promoting cytokines, but not somnogenic cytokines, were significantly associated with the time course of EEG vigilance in the MDD group only. In both groups, IL-13 was significantly associated with the course of EEG vigilance. In MDD compared to controls, a hyperstable EEG vigilance regulation was found, significant for group and group × time course interaction. After controlling for wakefulness-promoting cytokines, differences in vigilance regulation between groups remained significant. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The present study demonstrated a relationship between wakefulness-promoting cytokines and objectively measured EEG vigilance as an indicator for brain arousal. Altered brain arousal regulation in MDD gives support for future evaluation of vigilance measures as a biomarker in MDD. Since interactions between cytokines and EEG vigilance only moderately differed between the groups and cytokine levels could not explain the group differences in EEG vigilance regulation, cytokines and brain arousal regulation are likely to be associated with MDD in independent ways.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128855
title: Supplementary Material for: Fostering Social Cognition through an Imitation- and Synchronization-Based Dance/Movement Intervention in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Controlled Proof-of-Concept Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Since social cognition is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this study aimed at establishing the efficacy of a newly developed imitation- and synchronization-based dance/movement intervention (SI-DMI) in fostering emotion inference and empathic feelings (emotional reaction to feelings of others) in adults with high-functioning ASD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty-five adults with ASD (IQ ≥85) who were blinded to the aim of the study were assigned to receive either 10 weeks of a dance/movement intervention focusing on interpersonal movement imitation and synchronization (SI-DMI, n = 27) or a control movement intervention (CMI, n = 24) focusing on individual motor coordination (2 participants from each group declined before baseline testing). The primary outcome measure was the objective Multifaceted Empathy Test targeting emotion inference and empathic feelings. Secondary outcomes were scores on the self-rated Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The well-established automatic imitation task and synchronization finger-tapping task were used to quantify effects on imitation and synchronization functions, complemented by the more naturalistic Assessment of Spontaneous Interaction in Movement. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that from baseline to 3 months, patients treated with SI-DMI showed a significantly larger improvement in emotion inference (d = 0.58), but not empathic feelings, than those treated with CMI (d = -0.04). On the close generalization level, SI-DMI increased synchronization skills and imitation tendencies, as well as whole-body imitation/synchronization and movement reciprocity/dialogue, compared to CMI. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> SI-DMI can be successful in promoting emotion inference in adults with ASD and warrants further investigation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128858
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect of Amyloid Imaging on the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Cognitive Decline: Impact of Appropriate Use Criteria

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Published appropriate use criteria (AUC) describe patients for whom amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) might be most useful. This study compared the impact of amyloid PET on diagnosis and management in subjects likely to either meet or not meet AUC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Physicians provided a provisional diagnosis and management plan for patients presenting with cognitive decline before and after amyloid PET imaging with florbetapir F 18. Participants were classified as AUC-like or not, based on the prescan diagnosis and demographic features. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In all, 125 of 229 participants (55%) were classified as AUC-like. Sixty-two percent of the AUC-like subjects had a change in diagnosis after scanning compared with 45% of the non-AUC subjects (p = 0.011). Both groups demonstrated high rates of change in their management plans after scanning (88.0% for AUC-like cases, 85.6% for non-AUC cases). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The impact of amyloid imaging on diagnosis and planned management was maintained and, if anything, amplified in AUC-like patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128861
title: Supplementary Material for: Diversity and Karyotypic Evolution in the Genus <b><i>Neacomys </i></b>(Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

description: <i>Neacomys</i> (Sigmodontinae) comprises 8 species mainly found in the Amazonian region. We describe 5 new karyotypes from Brazilian Amazonia: 2 cytotypes for <i>N. paracou</i> (2n = 56/FNa = 62-66), 1 for <i>N. dubosti </i>(2n = 64/FNa = 68), and 2 for <i>Neacomys</i> sp. (2n = 58/FNa = 64-70), with differences in the 18S rDNA. Telomeric probes did not show ITS. We provide a phylogeny using <i>Cyt</i>b, and the analysis suggests that 2n = 56 with a high FNa is ancestral for the genus, as found in <i>N. paracou</i>, being retained by the ancestral forms of the other species, with an increase in 2n occurring independently in <i>N. spinosus</i> and <i>N. dubosti</i>. Alternatively, an increase in 2n may have occurred in the ancestral taxon of the other species, followed by independent 2n-reduction events in <i>Neacomys</i> sp. and in the ancestral species of <i>N. tenuipes</i>, <i>N. guianae</i>, <i>N. musseri</i>, and <i>N. minutus</i>. Finally, a drastic reduction event in the diploid number occurred in the ancestral species of <i>N. musseri</i> and <i>N. minutus </i>which exhibit the lowest 2n of the genus. The karyotypic variations found in both intra- and interspecific samples, associated with the molecular phylogeny, suggest a chromosomal evolution with amplification/deletion of constitutive heterochromatin and rearrangements including fusions, fissions, and pericentric inversions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128864.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Reduction of Caloric Intake Might Override the Prosteatotic Effects of the <b><i>PNPLA3</i></b> p.I148M and <b><i>TM6SF2</i></b> p.E167K Variants in Patients with Fatty Liver: Ultrasound-Based Prospective Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The adiponutrin <i>(PNPLA3)</i> p.I148M and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 <i>(TM6SF2)</i> p.E167K variants represent risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we assessed the effects of caloric restriction on liver phenotypes in NAFLD patients in relation to the <i>PNPLA3</i> and <i>TM6SF2</i> genotypes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We genotyped both variants in 143 individuals with NAFLD (55 females, age 18-74 years) and 180 controls (85 females, age 33-66 years). Liver steatosis was assessed using the ultrasound-based Hamaguchi score. A 4-month dietetic intervention, consisting of restriction of daily caloric intake without changes in physical activity, was performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both <i>PNPLA3</i> (p = 0.002) and <i>TM6SF2</i> (p = 0.041) variants were associated with NAFLD before intervention. Overall, 88 patients completed the intervention, which led to a significant decrease of steatosis, ALT activities, body mass index, hip and waist circumferences, and waist-hip ratio (all p &lt; 0.0001). Hepatic steatosis and anthropometric traits improved significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in carriers of either <i>PNPLA3</i> or <i>TM6SF2</i> risk genotype. The improvement of phenotypic traits, apart from WHR (p = 0.02), was not modified by the presence of <i>PNPLA3</i> or <i>TM6SF2</i> variants. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The <i>PNPLA3</i> and <i>TM6SF2</i> polymorphisms are associated with NAFLD assessed by the Hamaguchi score. Neither <i>PNPLA3</i> nor <i>TM6SF2</i> risk alleles impair the response to dietetic intervention in NAFLD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128849
title: Supplementary Material for: Estimated and Measured GFR Associate Differently with Retinal Vasculopathy in the General Population

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is used extensively in epidemiological research. Validations of eGFR have demonstrated acceptable performance, but the dependence of creatinine and cystatin C on non-GFR factors could confound associations with disease. Few studies have investigated this issue in direct comparison with measured GFR (mGFR). We compared the associations between eGFR and mGFR and retinal vasculopathy, a marker of systemic microvasculopathy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Iohexol clearance and retinal photography were examined in the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey in Tromsø 6, which consists of a representative sample of middle-aged persons from the general population. A total of 1,553 persons without self-reported kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or diabetes were investigated. Three eGFR equations based on creatinine and/or cystatin C from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration were studied. Differences between eGFR and mGFR were analyzed with seemingly unrelated regression methods. <b><i>Results:</i></b> mGFR in the lowest quartile was associated with an increased multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of retinopathy (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.16-2.97), but not with retinal artery or vein diameters. eGFR based on cystatin C (eGFR<sub>cys</sub>) was consistently biased relative to mGFR in its associations with retinal vessel diameters across different models. eGFR based on creatinine (eGFR<sub>crea</sub>) and eGFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C were also biased in several of these models (p &lt; 0.05). For retinopathy, the differences between the 3 eGFR and mGFR measurements were not statistically significant. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Low mGFR is associated with retinopathy in the general population. eGFR based on creatinine and/or cystatin C are not valid substitutes for mGFR in studies of the relationship between the retina and kidney function in healthy persons.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128855.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Fostering Social Cognition through an Imitation- and Synchronization-Based Dance/Movement Intervention in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Controlled Proof-of-Concept Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Since social cognition is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this study aimed at establishing the efficacy of a newly developed imitation- and synchronization-based dance/movement intervention (SI-DMI) in fostering emotion inference and empathic feelings (emotional reaction to feelings of others) in adults with high-functioning ASD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty-five adults with ASD (IQ ≥85) who were blinded to the aim of the study were assigned to receive either 10 weeks of a dance/movement intervention focusing on interpersonal movement imitation and synchronization (SI-DMI, n = 27) or a control movement intervention (CMI, n = 24) focusing on individual motor coordination (2 participants from each group declined before baseline testing). The primary outcome measure was the objective Multifaceted Empathy Test targeting emotion inference and empathic feelings. Secondary outcomes were scores on the self-rated Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The well-established automatic imitation task and synchronization finger-tapping task were used to quantify effects on imitation and synchronization functions, complemented by the more naturalistic Assessment of Spontaneous Interaction in Movement. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that from baseline to 3 months, patients treated with SI-DMI showed a significantly larger improvement in emotion inference (d = 0.58), but not empathic feelings, than those treated with CMI (d = -0.04). On the close generalization level, SI-DMI increased synchronization skills and imitation tendencies, as well as whole-body imitation/synchronization and movement reciprocity/dialogue, compared to CMI. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> SI-DMI can be successful in promoting emotion inference in adults with ASD and warrants further investigation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128858.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Effect of Amyloid Imaging on the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Cognitive Decline: Impact of Appropriate Use Criteria

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Published appropriate use criteria (AUC) describe patients for whom amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) might be most useful. This study compared the impact of amyloid PET on diagnosis and management in subjects likely to either meet or not meet AUC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Physicians provided a provisional diagnosis and management plan for patients presenting with cognitive decline before and after amyloid PET imaging with florbetapir F 18. Participants were classified as AUC-like or not, based on the prescan diagnosis and demographic features. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In all, 125 of 229 participants (55%) were classified as AUC-like. Sixty-two percent of the AUC-like subjects had a change in diagnosis after scanning compared with 45% of the non-AUC subjects (p = 0.011). Both groups demonstrated high rates of change in their management plans after scanning (88.0% for AUC-like cases, 85.6% for non-AUC cases). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The impact of amyloid imaging on diagnosis and planned management was maintained and, if anything, amplified in AUC-like patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128861.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Diversity and Karyotypic Evolution in the Genus <b><i>Neacomys </i></b>(Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

description: <i>Neacomys</i> (Sigmodontinae) comprises 8 species mainly found in the Amazonian region. We describe 5 new karyotypes from Brazilian Amazonia: 2 cytotypes for <i>N. paracou</i> (2n = 56/FNa = 62-66), 1 for <i>N. dubosti </i>(2n = 64/FNa = 68), and 2 for <i>Neacomys</i> sp. (2n = 58/FNa = 64-70), with differences in the 18S rDNA. Telomeric probes did not show ITS. We provide a phylogeny using <i>Cyt</i>b, and the analysis suggests that 2n = 56 with a high FNa is ancestral for the genus, as found in <i>N. paracou</i>, being retained by the ancestral forms of the other species, with an increase in 2n occurring independently in <i>N. spinosus</i> and <i>N. dubosti</i>. Alternatively, an increase in 2n may have occurred in the ancestral taxon of the other species, followed by independent 2n-reduction events in <i>Neacomys</i> sp. and in the ancestral species of <i>N. tenuipes</i>, <i>N. guianae</i>, <i>N. musseri</i>, and <i>N. minutus</i>. Finally, a drastic reduction event in the diploid number occurred in the ancestral species of <i>N. musseri</i> and <i>N. minutus </i>which exhibit the lowest 2n of the genus. The karyotypic variations found in both intra- and interspecific samples, associated with the molecular phylogeny, suggest a chromosomal evolution with amplification/deletion of constitutive heterochromatin and rearrangements including fusions, fissions, and pericentric inversions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128837
title: Supplementary Material for: Neuroanatomical, Clinical and Cognitive Correlates of Post-Stroke Dysphagia

description: <b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> About half of the dysphagic stroke patients have persistent swallowing dysfunction after 7 days from symptom onset. The aim of the study was to evaluate incidence, prognosis, clinical and neuroradiological correlates of post-stroke dysphagia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We prospectively examined consecutive patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Patients' clinical and neuroradiological data were collected. Swallowing function was assessed by the water swallow test upon admission and after 14 days; patients were then classified as persistent dysphagic, non-persistent dysphagic or non-dysphagic. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We recruited 275 patients, 121 of whom were dysphagic upon admission and 254 patients attended follow-up at 14 days; 141 never presented dysphagia, 21 had a non-persistent pattern of dysphagia and 92 had a persistent one. Stroke type, leukoaraiosis degree, previous cognitive impairment and stroke severity upon admission independently predicted the occurrence of dysphagia after stroke and its persistence as well. At receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 11.5 was the best predictive value of persistent dysphagia, with a specificity of 90.1% and a sensitivity of 72.4%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Stroke severity is an important predictor of a persistent pattern of dysphagia, with a suggested NIHSS cutoff value of ≥12. An independent correlation was observed with leukoaraiosis and with previous cognitive impairment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128843
title: Supplementary Material for: Methods for Estimating the Global Burden of Cerebrovascular Diseases

description: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is a long-standing effort to report consistent and comprehensive measures of disease burden for the world. In this paper, we describe the methods used to estimate the global burden of stroke for the GBD 2013 study. Pathologic subtypes of stroke are modeled separately for two mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories: (1) ischemic stroke and (2) hemorrhagic and other non-ischemic strokes. Acute and chronic strokes are estimated separately. The GBD 2013 study has incorporated large amounts of new data on stroke death rates, incidence and case fatality. Disease modeling methods have been updated to better integrate mortality and incidence data. Future efforts will focus on incorporating data on the regional variation in severity of disability. Stroke remains a new area for disease modeling. A better understanding of stroke incidence, mortality and severity, and how it varies among countries, can help guide priority setting and improve health policy related to this important condition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128846
title: Supplementary Material for: Plasma Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Predictive of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Independently of Uric Acid Levels

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role in this process, and purine metabolism may be involved in CKD-related oxidative stress. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism and is also responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This prospective study aimed to analyze the relation between plasma dosages of molecules involved in redox balance, purine metabolism and cardiovascular events in patients with non-diabetic CKD stages 3-5 or on chronic hemodialysis (HD). CKD (n = 51) and HD (n = 50) patients were compared to matched healthy controls (n = 38) and followed-up for 3 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both CKD and HD patients had decreased plasma levels of antioxidants (selenium, zinc, vitamin C). HD patients had decreased levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and increased levels of oxidation products (ischemia-modified albumin, malondialdehyde [MDA]). The following substrates and enzymes involved in purine metabolism were increased in the HD cohort: adenosine, adenosine deaminase and the pro-oxidant XO. XO activity was negatively correlated with super oxide dismutase and positively with MDA. Interestingly, XO activity was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in CKD and HD patients, regardless of uric acid levels. Uric acid was not predictive of events. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This highlights a possible role of XO itself in CKD-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) and raises the hypothesis that beneficial effects observed with XO inhibitors on CVD in CKD may also be due to the reduction of oxidative stress.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5128840
title: Supplementary Material for: Behavioural and Glucocorticoid Responses of a Captive Group of Spider Monkeys to Short-Term Variation in Food Presentation

description: The presentation of food may affect feeding competition and the well-being of captive social species. We hypothesized that feeding competition in a captive group of 5 black-handed spider monkeys <i>(Ateles geoffroyi)</i> should increase in response to certain food presentations in terms of size, distribution and quality of food, and that higher feeding competition should lead to an increase in agonism and physiological stress (measured by faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, FGCM) as well as to a decrease in affiliation, proximity among individuals and feeding activity. We used 5 experimental treatments representing different combinations of size, distribution and quality of food. We observed social interactions for 100 h, collected 6,500 proximity and feeding activity records, and gathered 226 faecal samples. When food was clumped, individuals spent less time feeding, and there was also significant individual variation in feeding activity within treatments. FGCM levels were higher when food was clumped. These results are probably linked to an increase in feeding competition when food is concentrated. At least in small groups of spider monkeys, dispersing food in two feeding stations may be sufficient to decrease differences among individuals in priority of access to food resources, hence reducing physiological stress and interindividual differences in feeding activity.