DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4892827
title: Parameter fields for the Hydrological Discharge (HD) model at 0.5° and 5 Min. horizontal resolution

description: <strong>HD model parameter files</strong> This dataset comprises global parameter data that are necessary to run the Hydrological Discharge (HD) model Vs. 5.1, which has been published on Zenodo. The HD model calculates the lateral transport of water over the land surface to simulate discharge into the oceans. The HD model parameter dataset comprises parameter fields at 0.5° global resolution and at 5 Min. resolution (global, Europe). Details for both resolutions are provided below. <strong>Authors</strong>: Stefan Hagemann, Tobias Stacke <br> <strong>Copyright 2021</strong>: Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modelling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon<br> <strong>License</strong>: under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) <br> <strong>HD model parameter file at 5 Min resolution: hdpara_vs5_1.nc</strong> River directions and digital elevation data were provided by Bernhard Lehner (pers. comm., 2014) and were derived from the HydroSHEDS (Lehner et al., 2006) database and from the Hydro1K dataset for areas north of 60°N (https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/HYDRO1K).<br> For a number of rivers (most of them north of 60°N), flow directions and model orography were manually corrected based on available GIS data, such as from DIVA (https://www.diva-gis.org/gdata), CCM River and Catchment Database<br> (Vogt et al. 2007), SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute), NVE (Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorats), SYKE (Finnish Environment Institute). This corrected dataset is referred to as HDvs5 in the following.<br> The HD model parameters for overland flow, base flow and river flow are generated as described in Hagemann and Dümenil (1998) and Hagemann et al. (2020). However, different to the HD model vs. 4 described in Hagemann et al. (2020), Vs5 utilizes inland water fractions from the ESA CCI Water Bodies Map v4.0 (Lamarche et al. 2017) and wetland fractions from the Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (Lehner and Döll 2004) instead of the previously used lake and wetlands fractions. Changes from Vs. 5.0 to Vs. 5.1 are provided in the file history_data.md that should be previewed below. The HD parameter dataset contains 14 variables which are shortly described in the following table. FLAG | Land sea mask | - FDIR | Flow direction | - | defined as written below ALF_K | HD model parameter Overland flow k | d-1 ALF_N | HD model parameter Overland flow n | - ARF_K | HD model parameter Riverflow k | d-1 ARF_N | HD model parameter Riverflow n | - AGF_K | HD model parameter Baseflow flow k | d-1 AREA | Grid cell area | m-2 | based on own computation FILNEW | River flow target indices for longitudes | - FIBNEW | River flow target indices for latitudes | - DISTANCE | Distance between gridboxes in flow direction | m RIVERLENGTH | Distance between gridbox and the river mouth (or final sink) | km CAT_AREA | Upstream catchment area of gridbox | km² CAT_ID | Catchment ID of gridbox | - <em> Flow directions in variable FDIR are defined as on the Num Pad of a PC keyboard: </em> 7 8 9 \ | / \|/ 4--5--6 /|\ / | \ 1 2 3 Special directions: 5 = Sink point, i.e. no outflow<br> 0 = River mouth point in the ocean <br> -1 = Ocean point, but no river mouth Forcing data masks file: masks_5min.nc In the offline HD model version, this file is usually only used to obtain the grid information of the forcing data, i.e. of surface runoff and drainage (subsurface runoff). However, it contains four variables that are read in by the model, and that are actually used un coupled applications within the MPI-ESM. Even though these variables are not used in the HD model offline version, it was decided to keep them in order to allow future developments regarding the usage of these data and to keep some consistency with the HD model code implemented in MPI-ESM. ALAKE | Lake fraction within a grid box | Lamarche et al. 2017 GLAC | Glacier fraction within a grid box | Hagemann 2002 SLF | Land fraction within a grid box | Lamarche et al. 2017 SLM | Land Sea Mask | Lamarche et al. 2017 For simplicity, the data provided at the HD model resolution. Hence, these masks can be used when the forcing data are interpolated to the HD model resolution before they are read during the model run. This tar archive also include a subset of this global dataset for the European domain, hdpara_vs5_0_euro5min.nc. <strong>HD model parameter file at 0.5° resolution: hdpara_vs1_11.nc</strong> In addition, a global 0.5° HD parameter file hdpara_vs1_11 included. This is an update of the previous version 1.10 that was consistent to the parameter files used in previous offline and coupled applications of the HD model at 0.5° resolution (see, e.g. studies cited in Sect. 2.1 of Hagemann et al., 2020). Compared to the previous version 1.10, Vs. 1.11 now also utilzes the ESA water bodies and GLWD wetlands database such as in the 5 Min vs. 5.1 (see above). In additon, some flow directions have been updated. Except for DISTANCE and RIVERLENGTH, it comprises the same variables as for the 5 Min. version, but flow directions and parameters are generated as described in Hagemann and Dümenil (1998) and Hagemann and Dümenil Gates (2001). Here, the 0.5 degree mask file mask_05.nc comprises those masks that were utilized in the HD parameter generation. Only the land fraction is taken from Hagemann (2002) where the HD land sea mask indicates land. <br> <strong>References</strong> Hagemann, S., L. Dümenil (1998) A parameterization of the lateral waterflow for the global scale. Clim. Dyn. 14 (1), 17-31 Hagemann, S., L. Dümenil Gates (2001) Validation of the hydrological cycle of ECMWF and NCEP reanalyses using the MPI hydrological discharge model, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 1503-1510 Hagemann, S., 2002: An improved land surface parameter dataset for global and regional climate models, MPI Report No. 336, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Hagemann, S., T. Stacke and H. Ho-Hagemann (2020) High resolution discharge simulations over Europe and the Baltic Sea catchment. Front. Earth Sci., 8:12. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00012. Lamarche, C., Santoro, M., Bontemps, S., d’Andrimont, R., Radoux, J., Giustarini, L., Brockmann, C., Wevers, J., Defourny, P. and Arino, O. (2017) Compilation and validation of SAR and optical data products for a complete and global map of inland/ocean water tailored to the climate modeling community. Remote Sensing, 9(1), p.36. Lehner, B., P. Döll (2004) Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. J. Hydrol., 296: 1-22, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.028. Vogt, J.V. et al. (2007): A pan-European River and Catchment Database. European Commission - JRC, Luxembourg, (EUR 22920 EN) 120 pp.
description: Note that the provided start file for the European 5 Min. domain (euro5min/hdstart_euro5min.nc) comprises valid data for this domain, but the coordinate information in the NetCDF file is wrong. The HD model does not care about this coordinate information so this bug will not be noticed unless the file is considered by other means.
description: {"references": ["Hagemann, S., T. Stacke and H. Ho-Hagemann (2020) High resolution discharge simulations over Europe and the Baltic Sea catchment. Front. Earth Sci., 8:12. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00012.", "Hagemann, S., L. D\u00fcmenil (1998) A parameterization of the lateral waterflow for the global scale. Clim. Dyn. 14 (1), 17-31", "Hagemann, S., L. D\u00fcmenil Gates (2001) Validation of the hydrological cycle of ECMWF and NCEP reanalyses using the MPI hydrological discharge model, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 1503-1510"]}