cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v50r8
title: Data from: Reversal of response to artificial selection on body size in a wild passerine

description: A general assumption in quantitative genetics is the existence of an
 intermediate phenotype with higher mean individual fitness in the average
 environment than more extreme phenotypes. Here we investigate the
 evolvability and presence of such a phenotype in wild bird populations
 from an eleven-year experiment with four years of artificial selection for
 long and short tarsus length, a proxy for body size. The experiment
 resulted in strong selection in the imposed directions. However,
 artificial selection was counteracted by reduced production of recruits in
 offspring of artificially selected parents. This resulted in weak natural
 selection against extreme trait values. Significant responses to
 artificial selection were observed at both the phenotypic and genetic
 level, followed by a significant return towards pre-experimental means.
 During artificial selection, the annual observed phenotypic response
 closely followed the predicted response from quantitative genetic theory
 (ryear = 0.96, rcohorts = 0.56). The rapid return to pre-experimental
 means was induced by three interacting mechanisms: selection for an
 intermediate phenotype, immigration and recombination between selected and
 unselected individuals. The results of this study demonstrates the
 evolvability of phenotypes and that selection may favour an intermediate
 phenotype in wild populations.
description: Data on
 individuals.Data set with
 demographic, phenotypic and fitness data on individuals in three house
 sparrow populations. Two of the populations were subjected to artificial
 selection for increased (high) or decreased (low) tarsus length over the
 years 2002-2005. The final population was kept as a control. No phenotypic
 manipulations were performed in the populations in the subsequent seven
 years (2006-2012).sparrow_experiment_2002-2012_data_2017-05-12.txtPedigree highPedigree for a house sparrow population on the island Leka in Norway, subjected to artificial selection to increase tarsus length (high). Includes phenotyped individuals alive in the years 2002-2012.sparrow_experiment_2002-2012_pedigree_high(leka)_2017-05-12.txtPedigree lowPedigree for a house sparrow population at the island Vega in Norway, subjected to artificial selection to decrease tarsus length (low). Includes phenotyped individuals alive in the years 2002-2012.sparrow_experiment_2002-2012_pedigree_low(vega)_2017-05-12.txtPedigree controlPedigree for a house sparrow population at the island Hestmannøy in Norway. Includes phenotyped individuals alive in the years 2002-2012.sparrow_experiment_2002-2012_pedigree_control(hestmannoey)_2017-05-12.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nt6ch
title: Data from: A first look at diversification of Beaksedges (tribe Rhynchosporeae: Cyperaceae) in habitat, pollination, and photosynthetic features

description: Tribe Rhynchosporeae (ca. 386 spp.; Cyperaceae) has high levels of
 endemicity (? 44%) in tropical and subtropical American savannas and can
 provide insights into the diversification of their biotas. Wind
 pollination, occupation of a savanna habitat, and a C3 photosynthetic
 pathway are common in the tribe, but showy (presumably insect-pollinated)
 inflorescences, occupation of forest habitat, and a C4 pathway also occur.
 We reconstructed a dated phylogenetic hypothesis for 79 taxa, inferring a
 mean crown-group age of 56 million years. Fitch parsimony infers the most
 recent common ancestor to have occupied a savanna habitat with eight or
 more shifts to forest. Features associated with insect pollination-white
 bracts and spikelets-were shown to evolve six or more times but werenot
 correlated with the shifts to forest habitat. We found evolutionary
 correlations in the pairwise comparisons of bract color versus spikelet
 color and bract positioning versus bract color. Members with anatomies
 associatedwith C4, photosynthesis though anatomically variable, form a
 clade with a crown age of 19 million years.
description: 1 Aligned trnL-F
 sequences used in this study—before using gblocks.1) Aligned trnL-F
 sequences used in this study—before and after using gblocks. Alignment of
 Rhynchospora, and Pleurostachys species plus some outgroups in
 Cyperaceae1
 Buddenhagen et al Rhynchospora original
 alignment.nex1 Buddenhagen et al
 Rhynchospora alignment gblocked1) Aligned trnL-F
 sequences used in this study—after using gblocks. Alignment of
 Rhynchospora, and Pleurostachys species plus some outgroups in Cyperaceae
 Conserved regions of an alignment of Rhynchospora and Pleurostachys and
 some outgroups in Cyperaceae2 Character Coding
 Regions C4 habitat inflorescence2) Character state
 coding used in ancestral state reconstructions; explanation for codes
 provided at bottom of text file. This file contains the character coding
 for Regions, habitat, C4 photosynthetic pathway and inflorescence
 type.3 Buddenhagen et al
 Rhynchospora chronogram3) BEAST chronogram with
 node heights equal to the mean and support values indicated by posteriors
 and 95% credible intervals provided (graphical
 depiction)4 Buddenhagen et al
 Rhynchospora chronogram4) BEAST chronogram with
 support values indicated by posteriors and 95% credible intervals provided
 in nexus format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ck5vv
title: Data from: Life histories and conservation of long-lived reptiles, an illustration with the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)

description: 1. Successful species conservation is dependent on adequate estimates of
 population dynamics, but age-specific demographics are generally lacking
 for long-lived iteroparous species. Accurate demographic information
 allows estimation of population growth rate, as well as projection of
 future population sizes and quantitative analyses of fitness trade-offs
 involved in evolution of life-history strategies. 2. Here, a long-term
 capture-recapture study was conducted from 1978-2014 on the American
 crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in southern Florida. Over the study period,
 7,427 hatchlings were marked and 380 individuals were recaptured for as
 many as 25 years. We estimated survival to be strongly age-dependent with
 hatchlings having the lowest survival rates (16%) but increasing to nearly
 90% at adulthood based on mark-recapture models. More than 5% of the
 female population were predicted to be reproductive by age 8 years; the
 age-specific proportion of reproductive females steadily increased until
 age 18 when more than 95% of females were predicted to be reproductive.
 Population growth rate, estimated from a Leslie-Lefkovich stage-class
 model, showed a positive annual growth rate of 4% over the study period.
 3. Using a sensitivity analysis, we revealed that the adult stage, as
 expected was the most critical stage for population growth rate; however,
 the survival of younger crocodiles before they became reproductive, also
 had a surprisingly high elasticity. We found that variation in
 age-specific fecundity has very limited impact population growth rate in
 American crocodiles. 4. We used a comparative approach to show that the
 original life history strategy of American crocodiles is actually shared
 by other large, long-lived reptiles: while adult survival rates always
 have a large impact on population growth, this decreases with declining
 growth rates, in favor of a higher elasticity of the juvenile stage. 5.
 Crocodiles, as a large, long-lived and highly fecund species deviate from
 the usual association of life-histories of “slow” species. Current
 management practices are focused on nests and hatchling survival; however,
 protection efforts that extend to juvenile crocodiles would be most
 effective for conservation of the species, especially in an
 ever-developing landscape.
description: Crocodile capture data
 1978-2014Crocodile capture data
 1978-2014 at Turkey Point/South Florida, USAcaptures.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k2v06
title: Data from: Effectiveness and meaningful use of paediatric surgical safety checklists and their implementation strategies: a systematic review with narrative synthesis

description: ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness and meaningful use of pediatric
 surgical safety checklists (SSCs) and their implementation strategies
 through a systematic review with narrative synthesis. Summary Background
 Data Since the launch of the World Health Organization SSC, checklists
 have been integrated into surgical systems worldwide. Information is
 sparse on how SSCs have been integrated into the pediatric surgical
 environment. Methods A broad search strategy was created using Pubmed,
 Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Science Citation Index
 and Conference Proceedings Citation Index. Abstracts and full texts were
 screened independently, in duplicate for inclusion. Extracted study
 characteristic and outcomes generated themes explored through subgroup
 analyses and idea webbing. Results 1826 of 1921 studies were excluded
 after title and abstract review (kappa 0.77) and 47 after full-text review
 (kappa 0.86). 20 studies were of sufficient quality for narrative
 synthesis. Clinical outcomes were not affected by SSC introduction in
 studies without implementation strategies. A comprehensive SSC
 implementation strategy in developing countries demonstrated improved
 outcomes in high-risk surgeries. Narrative synthesis suggests that
 meaningful compliance is inconsistently measured and rarely achieved.
 Strategies involving feedback improved compliance. Stakeholder-developed
 implementation strategies, including team-based education achieved greater
 acceptance. Three studies suggest that parental involvement in the SSC is
 valued by parents, nurses and physicians, and may improve patient safety.
 Conclusions A SSC implementation strategy focused on pediatric patients
 and their families can achieve high acceptability and good compliance.
 SSCs’ role in improving measures of pediatric surgical outcome is not well
 established but they may be effective when used within a comprehensive
 implementation strategy especially for high-risk patients in low-resource
 settings.
description: BMJOpen_SuppTable1Pediatric surgery checklist studies and their characteristics identified by systematic searchBMJOpen_SuppTable2Educational strategies used in published studies describing pediatric surgery checklist implementationBMJOpen_SuppTable3Attitudes across pediatric surgical teams in regards to the surgical safety checklistAPPENDIX_I_CompleteSearchStrategyComplete search strategy for pediatric surgical safety checklist systematic reviewAPPENDIX III_Quality Assessment ToolDiverse study quality assessment tool adapted from the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohorts and Cross-sectional Studies and The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for both qualitative studies and cohorts
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.788j1
title: Data from: Spatial scales of genetic structure and gene flow in Calochortus albus (Liliaceae)

description: Calochortus (Liliaceae) displays high species richness, restriction of
 many individual taxa to narrow ranges, geographic coherence of individual
 clades, and parallel adaptive radiations in different regions. Here we
 test the first part of a hypothesis that all of these patterns may reflect
 gene flow at small geographic scales. We use amplified fragment length
 polymorphism variation to quantify the geographic scales of spatial
 genetic structure and apparent gene flow in Calochortus albus, a
 widespread member of the genus, at Henry Coe State Park in the Coast
 Ranges south of San Francisco Bay. Analyses of 254 mapped individuals
 spaced 0.001–14.4 km apart show a highly significant decline in genetic
 identity with ln distance, implying a root-mean-square distance of gene
 flow σ of 5–43 m. STRUCTURE analysis implies the existence of 2–4 clusters
 over the study area, with frequent reversals among clusters over short
 distances (&lt;200 m) and a relatively high frequency of admixture
 within individuals at most sampling sites. While the intensity of spatial
 genetic structure in C. albus is weak, as measured by the Sp statistic,
 that appears to reflect low genetic identity of adjacent plants, which
 might reflect repeated colonizations at small spatial scales or
 density-dependent mortality of individual genotypes by natural enemies.
 Small spatial scales of gene flow and spatial genetic structure should
 permit, under a variety of conditions, genetic differentiation within
 species at such scales, setting the stage ultimately for speciation and
 adaptive radiation as such scales as well.
description: SPaGeDi Final
 254AFLP data for all 254
 individuals sampled across the entire population at Henry Coe State Park.
 The primer pair M+CCAG/E+ATT generated 137 scoreable AFLP loci, with 132
 of these being variable. The primer pair M+CTT and E+ACT generated 206
 scoreable loci, 199 of which were variable; the primer pair M+CCCG and
 E+AGC generated 142 scoreable loci, of which 140 were variable. AFLPs for
 all primer pairs thus provided 471 variable loci out of 485 (97.1%) loci
 scored.SPaGeDi Final northern
 popsAFLP data for the 190
 individuals sampled from northern populations of Henry Coe Stat Park. The
 primer pair M+CCAG/E+ATT generated 137 scoreable AFLP loci, with 131 of
 these being variable. The primer pair M+CTT and E+ACT generated 206
 scoreable loci, 199 of which were variable; the primer pair M+CCCG and
 E+AGC generated 142 scoreable loci, of which 140 were variable. AFLPs for
 all primer pairs thus provided 470 variable loci out of 485 (97.1%) loci
 scored.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn1m7
title: Data from: Postglacial recolonization history of the European crabapple (Malus sylvestris Mill.), a wild contributor to the domesticated apple

description: Understanding the way in which the climatic oscillations of the Quaternary
 Period have shaped the distribution and genetic structure of extant tree
 species provides insight into the processes driving species
 diversification, distribution and survival. Deciphering the genetic
 consequences of past climatic change is also critical for the conservation
 and sustainable management of forest and tree genetic resources, a timely
 endeavour as the Earth heads into a period of fast climate change. We used
 a combination of genetic data and ecological niche models to investigate
 the historical patterns of biogeographic range expansion of a wild fruit
 tree, the European crabapple (Malus sylvestris), a wild contributor to the
 domesticated apple. Both climatic predictions for the last glacial maximum
 and analyses of microsatellite variation indicated that M. sylvestris
 experienced range contraction and fragmentation. Bayesian clustering
 analyses revealed a clear pattern of genetic structure, with one genetic
 cluster spanning a large area in Western Europe and two other genetic
 clusters with a more limited distribution range in Eastern Europe, one
 around the Carpathian Mountains and the other restricted to the Balkan
 Peninsula. Approximate Bayesian computation appeared to be a powerful
 technique for inferring the history of these clusters, supporting a
 scenario of simultaneous differentiation of three separate glacial
 refugia. Admixture between these three populations was found in their
 suture zones. A weak isolation by distance pattern was detected within
 each population, indicating a high extent of historical gene flow for the
 European crabapple.
description: data_sylvestrisMicrosatellites datase used to infer Malus sylvestris recolonization history since the LGMphylog_syl_input_tessfichier input for TESS analysesDRYADExamples of Files used to run ABCtoolBoxdata_sylvestrisXY data used for ENM
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f84rk
title: Data from: Carnivoran resource and habitat use in the context of a Late Miocene faunal turnover episode

description: We investigate resource and habitat use by apex predators through stable
 isotope analysis at two Spanish Late Miocene localities: Los Valles de
 Fuentidueña (~9.6 Ma, LVF) and Cerro de los Batallones (~9.1 Ma, BAT). The
 temporal window represented by LVF and BAT was crucial in the shaping of
 the current Iberian mammalian structure because it corresponds to the
 initial stages of a faunal turnover episode and regional environmental
 change at ~9.5–8.5 Ma (Vallesian–Turolian transition), associated with an
 increase in the seasonality of precipitation. Herbivore and carnivore δ13C
 and δ18O values do not point to significant changes in either the
 vegetation cover (a woodland to mesic C3 grassland) or the hydrological
 regime during the time lapse represented between LVF and BAT. This
 suggests that the environmental shift recorded around the
 Vallesian–Turolian boundary may have occurred later in time, since LVF and
 BAT ages are synchronic with the onset of the turnover event. From the
 standpoint of predator–prey evaluation by means of stable isotope
 analysis, statistical post hoc tests, mixing model output, and the
 assessment of niche occupation by LVF and BAT carnivores point to high
 levels of interspecific competition among large active carnivores, albeit
 some genera, such as the amphicyonid Magericyon and specially the hyaenid
 Lycyaena, seemed to avoid competition by taking prey from a more open
 habitat. Despite the drop in diversity and change in faunal components
 observed between the LVF and BAT assemblages, a high degree of resource
 and habitat competition is evident from stable isotope data.
description: Table
 1Table
 2Table
 3Supplementary
 TextTable
 S1Table
 S2Table
 S3Table
 S4
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.87hr5
title: Data from: Relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection: findings from a survey in the Free State and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa

description: Background Studies have shown a mixed association between socioeconomic
 status [SES] and prevalent HIV infection across and within settings in
 sub-Saharan Africa. In general, the relationship between years of formal
 education and HIV infection changed from a positive to a negative
 association with maturity of the HIV epidemic. Our objective was to
 determine the association between SES and HIV in women of reproductive age
 in the Free State [FSP] and Western Cape Provinces [WCP] of South Africa
 [SA]. Study design Cross sectional Setting South Africa Methods We
 conducted secondary analysis on 1906 women of reproductive age from a
 2007-2008 survey that evaluated effectiveness of Prevention of
 Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission programs. SES was measured by household
 wealth quintiles, years of formal education and employment status. Our
 analysis principally utilized logistic regression for survey data. Results
 There was a significant negative trend between prevalent HIV infection and
 wealth quintile in WCP [p-value&lt;0.001] and FSP [p-value=0.025]. In
 adjusted analysis, every additional year of formal education was
 associated with a 10% [adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.90 [95% Confidence
 Interval [CI]: 0.85-0.96] significant reduction in risk of prevalent HIV
 infection in WCP but no significant association was observed in FSP [aOR
 0.99 CI: 0.89-1.11]. There was no significant association between
 employment and prevalent HIV in each province: [aOR 1.54 CI: 0.84-2.84] in
 WCP and [aOR 0.96 CI: 0.71-1.30] in FSP. Conclusion The association
 between HIV infection and SES differed by province and by measure of SES
 and underscores the disproportionately higher burden of prevalent HIV
 infection among poorer and lowly educated women. Our findings suggest the
 need for re-evaluation of whether current HIV prevention efforts meet
 needs of the least educated [in WCP] and the poorest women [both WCP and
 FSP], and point to the need to investigate additional or tailored
 strategies for these women.
description: Data from: Relationship
 between socioeconomic status and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection:
 findings from a survey in the Free State and Western Cape Provinces of
 South AfricaThe dataset contains
 data on HIV status, and sociodemographic variables. These data were
 obtained from a community survey among women of reproductive age attending
 antenatal clinics in 2 provinces in South Africa.HIV_vs_SES_in_SA.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qt8s031
title: Data from: Personalities influence spatial responses to environmental fluctuations in wild fish

description: 1. Although growing evidence supports the idea that animal personality can
 explain plasticity in response to changes in the social environment, it
 remains to be tested whether it can explain spatial responses of
 individuals in the face of natural environmental fluctuations. This is a
 major challenge in ecology and evolution as spatial dynamics link
 individual- and population-level processes. 2. In this study we
 investigated the potential of individual personalities to predict
 differences in fish behaviour in the wild. Specifically, our goal was to
 answer if individual differences in plasticity of space use to sea surface
 temperature could be explained by differences in personality along the
 reactive-proactive axis. 3. To address this question we first conducted
 repeated standard laboratory assays (i.e. open-field test, novel object
 test and mirror-stimulation test) to assess the personality type of 76
 wild-caught Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Next, we released the fish back
 into the sea and monitored their spatial behaviour over large temporal (16
 months) and spatial (a whole fjord) scales, using high-resolution acoustic
 tracking. 4. We demonstrate that 1) cod personality traits are structured
 into a proactive-reactive syndrome (proactive fish being more bold,
 exploratory and aggressive), 2) mean depth use of individuals is mainly
 driven by sea temperature and 3) personality is a significant predictor of
 home range changes in the wild, where reactive, but not proactive,
 individuals reduced their home range as sea temperature increased. 5.
 These findings expand our understanding of the ecological consequences of
 animal personality and the mechanisms shaping spatial dynamics of animals
 in nature.
description: Behavioural
 datasetThis file includes all
 the behavioural information of each cod individualbehdf.csvNovel object test - scoresThis file contains the scores from the novel object testbol_scores.csvOpen field test - scoresThis file contains the scores from the open-field testexp_scores.csvMirror-stimulation test scoresThis file contains the scores frmom the mirror-stimulation testsoc_scores.csv