DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhnh
title: Data from: How can China curb biological invasions to meet Kunming-Montreal Target 6?

description: To meet Kunming-Montreal Target 6 of the Convention on Biological
 Diversity (CBD), we need more comprehensive measures to manage invasive
 alien species (IAS), which is especially true for China, as it is
 undergoing an unprecedented invasion wave due to its rapid development.
 This article considers the status of IAS in China, evaluates China’s
 ongoing actions against IAS, and provides recommendations for improving
 management. 802 IAS have been identified in China. Facing the growing
 threats of IAS, China has made progress in IAS management, but stricter
 and thorough measures are still needed. In addition to improving
 legislation and governance, China needs to strengthen transdisciplinary
 and proactive research, implement more comprehensive prevention and
 control actions against IAS, and enhance international cooperation and
 translational education. By creating a model for IAS management that other
 countries can follow, China’s efforts can contribute substantially to the
 Kunming-Montreal 2030 Global Targets of the CBD.
description: By integrating scattered publications and databases, we compiled
 a novel and comprehensive IAS dataset for China, covering taxon, origin,
 introduction time and pathway, distribution, and major impacts (Ju et al.
 2024). Then, following the framework of categorization for
 invasion-management topics in the <em>National Biosafety
 Science</em><em> </em>(Wu 2023), we identified five key
 issues: legislation and governance, transdisciplinary and proactive
 research, prevention and control actions, international cooperation, and
 translational education. These issues, albeit crosscutting, are viewed as
 five pillars for IAS management in China (Wu 2023), and they were ranked
 according to a classic approach discussing invasion issues (Pyšek et al.
 2020), i.e., top-down (legislation and governance, international
 cooperation) and bottom-up (translational education) coupled with
 evidence-based research (transdisciplinary and proactive research) and
 effective activities (prevention and control actions). For each issue, we
 succinctly synthesized existing progress, diagnosed deficiencies, and
 proposed a set of priorities for management improvement; the deficiencies
 and priorities were based on collective review and debate among the
 authors, as well as consultation with experts in our professional network.
 The approach is similar to a Delphi-method procedure employed in recent
 horizon scans of invasion issues (Ricciardi et al. 2017). Priorities were
 assigned primarily considering their universality, urgency, and/or
 novelty; they are not presented in rank order mostly because of a need to
 act in synergy and also because our goal is to encourage further scrutiny,
 debate and supplementation that can spur the development of new policies
 to better serve IAS management for China.
description: # Data from: How can China curb biological invasions to meet
 Kunming-Montreal Target 6?
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhnh](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhnh) This novel and comprehensive dataset covers information on taxon (i.e. phylum, class, order, and family), scientific name, category, origins, introduction time, introduction pathway, distribution provinces, major impacts, CN-Key, and major reference of 802 invasive alien species (IAS) that have been identified in China. Description of the data and file structure We have compiled this IAS dataset by integrating scattered publications and databases. The first column of the data (No.) is a simple numerical identifier. Columns 2-7 (i.e. Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Scientific name, and Category) describe the taxonomic unit information, scientific name, and category of IAS. The 8th column (Origin) provides information on the origin of the 802 IAS. Columns 9-12 (i.e. Introduction time, Introduction pathway, Distribution provinces, and Major impacts) describe information related to species’ introduction, as well as the major impacts of IAS. The 13th column (CN-Key) indicates whether the IAS are included in the Chinese list of key invasive alien species under state supervision. The last column (Major reference) contains references related to IAS. The taxon columns (i.e. Phylum, Class, Order, Family) are mainly based on the APG IV system. We obtained the phylum, class, order, and family information of IAS from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, [https://www.gbif.org/](https://www.gbif.org/)), which is based on APG IV system. The scientific name column is based on the databases such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, [https://www.gbif.org/](https://www.gbif.org/)), Plants of the World Online (POWO, [https://powo.science.kew.org/](https://powo.science.kew.org/)), Flora of China (FOC, [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2](http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2)), List of Biological Species in China（[http://www.sp2000.org.cn](http://www.sp2000.org.cn)) to unify the scientific names of IAS and merge their synonyms. The category column meant that we divided all 802 IAS into 9 classes: algae, amphibian or reptile, aquatic invertebrate, aquatic plant, bird, fish, mammal, microbe, terrestrial invertebrate, and terrestrial plant. Microbe included vira, procaryotae, and protista. The origins column includes the continent from which the IAS originated. We categorized these IAS into six continents based on their origins: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America, including those of unknown origin. Some IAS have multiple sources and the origins of some species are unknown. Columns 9-11 (i.e. Introduction time, Introduction pathway, Distribution provinces) contain introduction information of IAS. The introduction time refered to the time when IAS were first recorded or introduced to China, with unknown rows indicating unknown introduction times. The introduction pathway described how IAS were brought into China, including intentionally introduced through release in nature or escape from confinement (i.e., used for landscape/horticulture, agriculture, medicines, erosion control, pet/aquarium/terrarium culture, and aquaculture/mariculture), unintentionally introduced through transport contaminants or stowaways (i.e., through various vectors including plants, animals, timbers, packing materials, conveyances, and other means), natural spread (i.e., through interconnected corridors or other unaided ways), and unknown pathways, which meant that the introduction pathways for a few species were not well documented. The distribution province refers to the current geographical distribution by province of the IAS in China. The code for each province, autonomous region or municipality is provided as follows: AH=Anhui BJ=Beijing CQ=Chongqing FJ=Fujian GD=Guangdong GS=Gansu GX=Guangxi GZ=Guizhou HB=Hubei HJ=Hebei HK=Hong Kong HL=Heilongjiang HN=Hainan HX=Hunan HY=Henan JL=Jilin JS=Jiangsu JX=Jiangxi LN=Liaoning MC=Macao NM=Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) NX=Ningxia QH=Qinghai SA=Shaanxi SC=Sichuan SD=Shandong SH=Shanghai SX=Shanxi TJ=Tianjin TW=Taiwan XJ=Xinjiang XZ=Xizang (Tibet) YN=Yunnan ZJ=Zhejiang Major impacts refer to the impacts of IAS in the invaded areas. They can be classified into three types of impacts, including biodiversity, agriculture/forestry/aquaculture, and public health. The CN-Key column indicates whether the IAS are included on the Chinese list of key invasive alien species under state supervision ([http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2013/dsanq/201712/t20171219_6119282.htm](http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2013/dsanq/201712/t20171219_6119282.htm)). This list is specially formulated by the country to strengthen the management of IAS, prevent their spread, and safeguard China's ecological security, agricultural production, and human health. China will prioritize strengthening monitoring and prevention of IAS on that are on the list. The last column (Major reference) lists the databases, published books, journal articles, and other website used for collecting related infomation of 802 IAS. The sheet named "References" provides more details of major reference column.