cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/e75620c0-547a-4756-a617-daf6180974d9
title: Soil hydraulic property data from the  Climoor fieldsite in the Clocaenog Forest (2010-2012) v2

description: This dataset contains soil hydraulic measurement data from the Climoor field site in the Clocaenog forest, in North Wales. The collection contains five data sets. 
 1) soil bulk density (0-5 centimetre) and saturated water content
 2) Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measured in the field at tensions of -2 and -6 centimetre using a mini disk infiltrometer
 3) Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measured using a HYPROP (TM) instrument, an instrument which determines the hydraulic properties of soil samples, on soil cores taken from the field plots
 4) Soil water release curves for wet soil corresponding to the hydraulic conductivity measurements made using a HYPROP in the laboratory on cores from the field
 5) Soil water release curve data for dry soil measured using a WP4 potentiometer. 

The data has been quality checked, and incorrect or missing values removed, data has not been infilled and not available (NA's) have been added where there is no data. Data was collected between the end of 2010 and early 2012. 

Data sets 1, 3 and 4 were collected in April and September, 2011, data set 2 in May, 2012 and data set 5 in November, 2010. The Climoor field experiment intends to answer questions regarding the effects of warming and drought on ecosystem processes. The reported data were collected to monitor site specific soil properties at a specific reference time.
description: Data was collected by experienced staff scientists who work with soils. Data sets 1, 3 and 4 were collected using stainless steel cores that fit to the HYPROP (registered trademark) instrumentation (UMS, Munich, Germany). Bulk density in data set 1 used the oven drying method at 105 degrees celsius. Data set 2 was collected using a minidisk infiltrometer (Decagon devices, Pullman, USA) while data set 5 was measured using a WP4-PotentiaMeter (Decagon devices, Pullman, USA). All data visually inspected using basic graphing tools as part of the quality assurance, quality control procedures. Data processing steps using the HYPROP data (3, 4) included using the HYPROP-FIT Software. In order to have water release curve data at the same suction, all raw data were interpolated using spline fitting in R (R Development Core Team, 2014). The minidisk infiltrometer measurements were converted to hydraulic conductivity using the standard approach detailed in the minidisk manual, which along with all the other manuals is included in the data set supporting materials. All data were collated into an Excel spreadsheet. Each dataset was exported from the Excel spreadsheet as a separate comma separated (.csv)  file for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre.
DOI: 10.5285/0da32d7f-eea1-4200-8fde-3a32d0d9ed05
title: Nectar consumption, metabolic rate and activity datasets for bumblebees exposed to ecologically relevant radiation dose rates

description: This dataset contains information on the volume of nectar consumed, metabolic rate and activity of bumblebees that were exposed to environmentally relevant dose rates of ionising radiation at the University of Stirling. Data is for two connected experiments collected via direct observation in a laboratory setting. The first experiment investigates variables during and after 10-days of radiation exposure and the second investigates these variables under a dose rate gradient.

Funding for this work was via the TREE project funded by the NERC, Environment Agency and Radioactive Waste Management Ltd. under the RATE programme.
description: All data were generated by the authors. Radiation dose rates were verified using dosimeters that were placed at each bumblebee position prior to the experiment. Environmental variables such as temperature and humidity were monitored with nine data loggers before, during and after the experiment. All calculations were checked for errors before data was accepted.
DOI: 10.5285/f969f92f-baa6-4621-bf27-ea29409f16d0
title: Conservation and development investments in the Corridor Ankeniheny-Zahamena (CAZ), Madagascar, 2007-2014

description: Conservation and development investments in the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor (CAZ) includes information on investment type, implementing agency, and timing and location of investments. Data were collected as part of a project funded under the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. Work package 4, 'Can Paying 4 Global Ecosystem Services values reduce poverty?' (P4GES) project 
description: Lineage statement
We collected details on all investments in the CAZ from 2007-2104 through a document view of reports and financial records from Conservation International Madagascar, national NGOs, and international agencies. Inconsistencies in documentation in both the types of investments as well as the implementing agencies proved a major challenge to collecting accurate data, particularly of spatial data on the location of communities that received investments. The finest spatial resolution of the investments was recorded at the fokontany-scale. While we did document a total of 629 investments, only 553 of those investments could be mapped to the containing fokontany. The remaining 76 where mapped to the containing commune. We used expert local knowledge from Conservation International Madagascar staff working in CAZ to fill in gaps in the spatial and temporal information of partner organization investments data as well as missing spatial information in the financial and project reports.
DOI: 10.5285/7c1dd26a-5df5-4b90-854b-70d0d97eb78a
title: Nitrous oxide emissions from Whim peatbog after thirteen years of experimental nitrogen deposition

description: The data set contains fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) from Whim peatbog in central Scotland, measured using chamber methods. A nitrogen deposition experiment was carried out at the site, where nitrogen was applied in different forms (ammonium, nitrate, and ammonia) at doses from zero to ~100 kg N per ha per year. Flux measurements were made over a six month period starting at the end of March, 2012. The experiment was begun in 2002 under the NERC Global Nitrogen Enrichment (GaNE) programme, and continued under various funding sources.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: The data were collected using the static chamber method.  Gas samples were taken from chambers in the field via syringe and injected into vials for storage and later analysis. Samples were analysed on a gas chromatagraph (GC) in the lab.  Concentrations were calculated from GC peak areas, calibrated against standard gases of known concentration. Fluxes were calculated from the concentration change in each chamber by linear and non-linear regression using the R package RCflux. Fluxes are expressed as nmoles of nitrous oxide per square metre per second. Each flux has an associated 95 % confidence interval, based on the regression fit, which gives a guide to the reliability and uncertainty of each measurement.
DOI: 10.5285/c7793128-1961-45d5-aa18-5f023116784b
title: Water resources quality data following extreme rainfall and floods in the Gaborone catchment, Upper Limpopo basin, Botswana

description: The dataset contains concentrations of Total Organic Carbon, Chloride, Fluoride, Bromine, Sulfate, Potassium, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, Molybdenum, Cadmium, Lead and stable water isotopes (δD and δ18O) for 25 groundwater and surface water sampling locations, surveyed over the period February 2017 to May 2018 immediately following Dineo floods. 

The data were collected as part of the PULA project, which aimed at understanding the immediate effect of heavy rainfall and floods on water resources in arid Botswana and their transitional hydrologic readjustment towards the dry period, and the role of these events in supporting either or both resources replenishment and contamination. 

The project was co-ordinated by the University of Aberdeen, with partners at the Botswana International University of Science and Technology, the Government of Botswana Department of Water Affairs, and the International Water Management Institute. The project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council as part of its Urgency grants scheme.
description: The samples involve groundwater and surface water samples, which were collected scattered around the Gaborone Reservoir catchment area, south-west Botswana. There were 287 sampling occasions, which were collected on 41 different days, concentrated around ~15 sampling campaigns. Each sampling occasion involved taking two samples. One of which was analysed and the other used if any re-runs were needed. All samples were labelled in the field with the label containing information on the sampling name and the date of collection. Samples were refrigerated and stored at the Botswana Department of Water Affairs and shipped to the University of Aberdeen for analyses in 4 separate shipping batches. Laboratory analyses were then performed as soon as possible after the samples arrived (with refrigeration meanwhile).  Analyses of P, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd and Pb were done on an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS instrument at the Chemistry department of the University of Aberdeen. Analyses of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na were done on a MP-AES instrument at the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Aberdeen. Analyses for TOC were done using a LABTOC instrument at the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Aberdeen. Analyses for stable water isotopes were done on a TWIA-45-EP LGR instrument at the School of Geosciences at the University of Aberdeen. Instruments were used following standard calibration steps and results quality controlled.
DOI: 10.5285/6231bd5b-ee2d-4cca-a9ef-88006ffa4976
title: Diet, timing of egg laying and breeding success data for Isle of May European shag population 1985-2015

description: Data on timing of breeding, breeding success and diet of the European shag, sampled from the Isle of May population. The data were collected between 1985 and 2015 by visually checking nests and collecting regurgitated diet samples. These data are part of the Isle of May long-term study to assess population trends of seabirds under environmental change (IMLOTS https://www.ceh.ac.uk/our-science/projects/isle-may-long-term-study).
description: Breeding phenology and success were recorded for a sample of nests every year between 1987 and 2016 (no data available for 1993 and 2003). Nests were monitored in 18 plots spread throughout the colony. Nests were checked every seven days from before laying started until after the last chick had fledged.

Sea surface temperature data were extracted for February and March in each year (from http://www.bsh.de) for an area surrounding the Isle of May that overlapped shag foraging distribution in the breeding season. 

Regurgitates (from which the biomass proportions of each prey type can be estimated) were collected during the chick-rearing period (April -July) between 1985 and 2014. Collection dates showed a strong positive correlation with the timing of the shag breeding season.
DOI: 10.5285/2fe84b80-117a-4b19-a1f5-71bbd1dba9c9
title: Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, energy and water fluxes at a cropland and a grassland on lowland peat soils, East Anglia, UK, 2016-2019

description: This dataset contains time series observations of surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), and momentum (τ) measured at two managed lowland peatland environments in the East Anglian Fens, England, UK. One site is managed for the production of horticultural salad crops, the other is an area of managed grassland. 

Turbulent flux densities were monitored using the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) technique between 10th November 2016 and 25th September 2018 at the cropland site, and between 27th April 2017 and 31st March 2019 at the grassland. The dataset includes ancillary weather and soil physics observations, as well as variables describing atmospheric turbulence and the quality of the turbulent flux observations.
description: Eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological observations were made using open-path eddy covariance systems. Ancillary meteorological and soil physics observations were co-located with the eddy covariance stations.

Turbulent flux densities were calculated from the raw EC data using the EddyPRO® Flux Calculation Software Version 6.1.

Quality Control of EC data involved removal of statistical outliers and tests that theoretical requirements for the successful application of the EC technique were not violated significantly. 

Data gaps in EC data (NEE, LE, H) and the partitioning of NEE into gross ecosystem production and total ecosystem production were performed using the REddyProc Package for R (Reichstein et al., 2019).

Further details are available in the supporting documentation accompanying the data.
DOI: 10.5285/5a749178-cc87-4ccc-88e5-ea7c464f067b
title: Beech tree ring data from hot and dry European distribution edges, 2019

description: This dataset contains year-by-year tree inter-annual growth measurements (dendroecology, ring width) covering 1900-2019. European Beech tree cores were sampled in late 2019 at 12 sites in Bulgaria, Albania, Kosovo, and Spain. Measurements took place to fill the climatic gaps that European Beech Tree Ring Network (EBTRN) has not well covered at the hot and dry European distribution edges.
description: In late 2019 fieldwork, European Beech tree cores were sampled at 12 sites of European beech in Bulgaria, Albania, Kosovo, and Spain. At least 15 trees per site and two cores per tree were sampled for those 12 sites. 
The new tree cores were processed following the standard dendrology. They were first air-dried in the shade and ventilated space, then mounted onto the carrier before sanded by sandpaper from raw to fine grits (80, 120, 300, 600, 1200). 
All cores were scanned into 2400 PPI images.
Tree core images were measured by the CDendro, with a precision of 0.01mm. 
For each site, all measurements are cross-dated virtually and statistically, and COFECH is used to control the cross-dating quality.
DOI: 10.5285/93837492-408f-4349-8dcd-ee833e84e47e
title: Microplastics in sediments of the River Thames Basin, UK

description: This dataset provides numbers and types of plastic particles extracted from sediment samples of three tributaries of the river Thames: the River Leach, the River Lambourn and The Cut. These rivers are regularly monitored for a range of water quality and biological characteristics as part of the ongoing CEH Thames initiative project. Four sampling sites were selected based on the average percentage of effluent present in the river and population equivalent density to represent scenarios ranging from low sewage input and population equivalent density (Leach and Lanbourn) through an intermediate site (the Cut) to a site with high sewage input and population equivalent density (also in the Cut). The samples were collected between late August and early September 2014. 

The data provides information on the site characteristics, dry weight of sediment analysed (in grams), number of microplastic particles extracted and characteristics of particles (including shape, colour and polymer type). Types of polymers identified include: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon and polyester.
description: The average percentage effluent present in the river was estimated using the Low Flows 2000 (LF2000) WQX (Water Quality eXtension) model. The population equivalent density was calculated using population within the catchment area (of known area) served by the upstream sewage treatment works. This site characteristic data is given in the datasheet 

ThamesMicroplastics_SamplingLocations.
Four replicate sediment samples were taken at each site using a stainless steel scoop, collected into a 1 L glass jar. In the laboratory the 1 L sediment samples were wet-sieved and sediment in the size ranges 1-2 mm and 2-4 mm was retained for further analysis. Microplastic particles were extracted using a number of steps, consisting of manual sorting and density separation with zinc chloride solution (1.7-1.8 kg/L). Each sample comprised a different volume and weight following size-sieving, therefore the inclusion of dry weight data allows for the conversion of total microplastic particles into a concentration (e.g. particles/kg dry sediment) for comparability between samples (ThamesMicroplastics_NumberOfParticles). 

A subsample (20%) of particles were characterised by type and colour, with composition determined using Raman spectroscopy (ThamesMicroplastics_ParticleCharacteristics). Further details on the methods used for particle extraction and characterisation are available in the supporting information.
DOI: 10.5285/9d64f2bd-2918-416f-b08c-3369edbc1b30
title: Compositional and growth assay data for tree-hole bacteria communities under differing pH conditions, sampled summer 2021, Wytham Woods, Oxford

description: The data comprises both compositional data and growth assay data from an experiment of wild bacterial communities in Wytham Woods, Oxford. The communities live in puddles of water in tree-holes formed by the roots of beech trees. We manipulated the pH of tree-holes during the experiment for comparison with control tree-holes that were unmanipulated. Compositional data comprises the frequency of different Amplicon Sequencing Variants and derived measures of species diversity for samples taken over time (up to 12 weeks from the start of the experiment). The growth assay data comprises measurements of growth rates of community samples and isolates back in the laboratory, when grown on beech tea media manipulated to have different pHs. 
description: A field experiment was conducted in summer 2021 that surveyed bacterial communities in tree-hole puddles formed by beech tree roots at Wytham Woods, Oxford. The experiment added lime (alkali) to a set of tree-holes and compared changes in bacterial communities to control tree-holes without liming. Samples were collected before and after the manipulation, and some of these were used for growth assays in the laboratory: growing different combinations of isolates and communities on beech tea medium with modified pH.
DOI: 10.5285/4482fa14-aee2-4c7f-9c62-a08dc9704051
title: Major ion and nutrient data from rivers [LOIS]

description: Discrete data for major ions and nutrients in river water for 13 sites in the Humber catchment over the periods 1993 to 1997 and 1996 to 1997 and for 3 sites from the Tweed catchment over the period 1994 to 1997. Ions and nutrients measured were: Ammonia, Calcium (dissolved), Magnesium (dissolved), Potassium (dissolved), Sodium (dissolved), Bromide-ion, Carbon (organic dissolved), Chloride-ion, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphorus (soluble reactive), Phosphorus (total dissolved), Silicate (reactive dissolved), Sulphate, Carbon (organic particulate), Nitrogen (particulate), Phosphorus (total). Sites were sampled at regular weekly intervals and more intermittently during high flows (on average an extra sampling once a month per site). Samples were obtained using a wide neck PTFE bottle in a plastic covered bottle carrier (lowered from bridges where possible otherwise collected by immersing sample bottle by hand in the water as near the main flow as possible). Samples were filtered through Whatman 0.45um sterile membrane filters immediately on return to laboratory. Samples stored in sterilin tubes in the dark at 40C and analysed by Dionex DX100 ion chromatography system. Silicate reactive dissolved and Chloride-ion concentrations were determined by automated colourimetry and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were determined using a TOCsin II aqueous carbon analyser. Some samples on the River Aire were collected using EPIC automatic samplers. The analysis was carried out by members of the analytical chemistry section at York University (from April 1994 until November 1996) and at Wallingford Institute of Hydrology (September 1993 to April 1994 and December 1996 to April 1997), as part of the Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS).
description: For the major ion determinations, quality control standards were included with the samples during analysis. Standards were periodically sent to the analytical chemistry at the Institute of Hydrology (Wallingford) for comparison. Spiked samples prepared by the Institute of Freshwater Ecology (East Stoke) were also analysed occasionally as part of inter-laboratory comparison studies. The lowest quotable values were taken as five times the detection level and variables were rounded to the nearest 0.05 mg/l for Bromide, 0.1 mg/l for Nitrite, 0.2 mg/l for Phosphate, Sodium, Ammonium, Potassium, Magnesium. 0.5 mg/l for Nitrate and Calcium, and 1 mg/l for Chloride and Sulphate. For Carbon organic dissolved, Chloride-ion and Silicate reactive dissolved, the lowest quotable values were taken as 2% of the highest calibration standard and both variables were rounded to 1% of the highest calibration standard. A zip file containing box-and-whisker plots for each determinand, showing the range of values (median, inter-quartile range, 1.5 * inter-quartile range, outliers) recorded at each site is available to enable prospective users to understand data quality.
DOI: 10.5285/e1b6e387-1bd6-444a-8de9-035df0b8baec
title: Hourly data from automatic water monitoring buoy from Windermere South Basin, 2016 to 2018

description: This dataset consists of hourly lake temperature, air temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed data from an automatic water monitoring buoy on Windermere South Basin, a lake in the North West of England. The lake temperatures are measured at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 30 and 35 m  depth (see supporting documentation for more information). Measurements were taken every 4 minutes and calculated as hourly averages. All data is given in GMT (Greenwich Mean Time). The data were collected by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability
description: The instruments measure data every 4 minutes, the hourly averages provided in this dataset are calculated by an Oracle database. The average is calculated over the previous hour, e.g. the value for 2 p.m. is the average of the data between 1 and 2 p.m., excluding the data measured at 1 p.m., including the data measured at 2 p.m. 
Data has been checked visually and any obvious errors introduced by hardware malfunctioning have been removed. Any data gaps are due to buoy maintenance work or sensor / logger problems.