DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh18936n
title: The combined role of dispersal and niche evolution in the diversification of Neotropical lizards

description: Ecological requirements and environmental conditions can influence
 diversification across temporal and spatial scales. Understanding the role
 of ecological niche evolution under phylogenetic contexts provides
 insights on speciation mechanisms and possible responses to future
 climatic change. Large-scale phyloclimatic studies on the megadiverse
 Neotropics, where biomes with contrasting vegetation types occur in narrow
 contact, are rare. We integrate ecological and biogeographic data with
 phylogenetic comparative methods, to investigate the relative roles of
 biogeographic events and niche divergence and conservatism on the
 diversification of the lizard genus Kentropyx Spix, 1825 (Squamata:
 Teiidae), distributed in South American rainforests and savannas. Using
 five molecular markers, we estimated a dated species tree, which recovered
 three clades coincident with previously proposed species groups diverging
 during the mid-Miocene. Biogeography reconstruction indicates a role of
 successive dispersal events from an ancestral range in the Brazilian
 Shield and western Amazonia. Ancestral reconstruction of climatic
 tolerances and niche overlap metrics indicate a trend of conservatism
 during the diversification of groups from the Amazon Basin and Guiana
 Shield, and a strong signal of niche divergence in the Brazilian Shield
 savannas. Our results suggest that climatic-driven divergence at dynamic
 forest-savanna borders might have resulted in adaptation to new
 environmental niches, promoting habitat shifts and shaping speciation
 patterns of Neotropical lizards. Dispersal and ecological divergence could
 have a more important role in Neotropical diversification than previously
 thought.
description: We integrate ecological and biogeographic data with phylogenetic
 comparative methods (based on five molecualr markers), to investigate the
 relative roles of biogeographic events and niche divergence and
 conservatism on the diversification of the lizard genus
 <i>Kentropyx</i> Spix, 1825 (Squamata: Teiidae), distributed
 in South American rainforests and savannas.
description: Supporting Information for the paper ‘The combined role of
 dispersal and niche evolution in the diversification of Neotropical
 lizards’ by Sheu, Y., J. P. Zurano, M. A. Ribeiro-Junior, T. C. S.
 Avila-Pires, M. T. Rodrigues, G. R. Colli, and F. P. Werneck.
 <b>Table S1. </b>Details of the samples used for
 molecular data collecting, with locality data for sequenced samples,
 identification number, longitude and latitude.
 <b>Table S2. </b>Primers used for amplification and
 sequencing of the six loci used in this study.
 <b>Table S3.</b> Complete set of Genbank accession
 numbers (Excel File). <b>Table S4</b>.
 Complete set of geographical records used for ecological niche modeling
 (Excel File). <b>Table S5</b>. Occurrence
 points sample sizes and predictors (bioclimatic, vegetation, and aridity
 index) used to construct niche models for nine species of the lizard genus
 <i>Kentropyx</i>. Parameters selected for each species and
 model performance are also depicted. <b>Table
 S6</b>. Molecular markers used at this study for <i>Kentropyx
 </i>spp. <i>H </i>= number of haplotypes; <i>Hd
 </i>= haplotype diversity; <i>Pi </i>= Nucleotide
 diversity (per site).   <b>Fig
 S1. </b>Nuclear gene tree generated by Bayesian inference from the
 concatenated nuclear markers SNCAIP, DNH3, RP40 and R35.
 <b>Fig S2. </b>Gene trees generated by Bayesian
 inference using the markers (a) SNCAIP, (b) DNH3; (c) RP40 and (d)
 R35. <b>Fig S3. </b>Species tree and
 biogeographic reconstruction with all possible ancestral areas inferred
 under the DEC + J model presented as pie charts on each node.
 <b>Fig S4</b>. Predicted niche occupancy profiles
 (PNO) for the nine species of <i>Kentropyx</i>.
 <b>Fig S5. </b>Ancestral reconstruction of the 12
 variables used to construct the niche models for
 <i>Kentropyx</i>.