cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1d64r
title: Data from: Infection with Haemoproteus iwa affects vector movement in a hippoboscid fly – frigatebird system

description: Haemosporidian parasites, which require both a vertebrate and invertebrate
 host, are most commonly studied in the life stages occurring in the
 vertebrate. However, aspects of the vector's behavior and biology can
 have profound effects on the parasite dynamics. Here we explore the
 effects of a haemosporidian parasite, Haemoproteusiwa, on a hippoboscid
 fly vector, Olfersiaspinifera. Olfersiaspinifera is an obligate
 ectoparasite of the great frigatebird, Fregata minor, living among bird
 feathers for all of its adult life. This study examines the movements of
 O. spiniferabetween great frigatebird hosts. Movement, or host-switching,
 was inferred by identifying host (frigatebird) microsatellite
 genotypesfrom fly bloodmeals that did not match the host from which the
 fly was collected. Such host-switches were analyzed using a logistic
 regression model, and the best-fit model included the H. iwa infection
 status of the fly and the bird host sex. Uninfected flies are more likely
 to have a bird genotype in their blood meal that was different from their
 current host's genotype (i.e., to have switched hosts) than infected
 flies. Flies collected from female birds were more likely to have switched
 hosts than those collected on males. Reduced movement of infected flies
 suggests that there may be a cost of parasitism for the fly. The effect of
 host sex is likely driven by differences in the sex ratio of bird hosts
 available to moving flies.
description: Levin and Parker Mol
 Ecol fly frigate dataData for 59 great
 frigatebird - hippoboscid fly pairs used in the logistic regression
 modelLevin and Parker Mol
 Ecol r codeR code used in logistic
 regression model for host switching by hippoboscid flies between
 frigatebird hosts in Galapagos IslandsLevin and Parker Mol
 Ecol GRFR microsat allele frequencies used on fly blood
 mealsGreat frigatebird allele
 frequencies used to calculate misassignment probabilities for fly host
 switchingLevin and Parker Mol
 Ecol calculation of genotype misassignmentCalculations of
 misassignment for fly blood meals that match the genotype of the bird
 host. Utilizes great frigatebird allele frequencies.Levin and Parker Mol
 Ecol great frigatebird genoytpesLevin and Parker Mol Ecol bird
 genoytpes.xlsxLevin and Parker GRFR
 microsat genotypes in fliesGreat frigatebird
 microsatellite genotypes identified in hippoboscid
 flies
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pq56h
title: Data from: Contrasting the distribution of phenotypic and molecular variation in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni

description: Population differentiation was investigated by confronting phenotypic and
 molecular variation in the highly selfing freshwater snail Biomphalaria
 pfeifferi, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. We sampled seven
 natural populations separated by a few kilometers, and characterized by
 different habitat regimes (permanent/temporary) and openness
 (open/closed). A genetic analysis based on five microsatellite markers
 confirms that B. pfeifferi is a selfer (s≈0.9) and exhibits limited
 variation within populations. Most pairwise FST were significant
 indicating marked population structure, though no isolation by distance
 was detected. Families from the seven populations were monitored under
 laboratory conditions over two generations (G1 and G2), allowing to record
 several life-history traits, including growth, fecundity and survival,
 over 25 weeks. Marked differences were detected among populations for
 traits expressed early in the life cycle (up to sexual maturity). Age and
 size at first reproduction had high heritability values, but such a trend
 was not found for early reproductive traits. In most populations, G1
 snails matured later and at a larger size than G2 individuals. Individuals
 from permanent habitats matured at a smaller size and were more fecund
 than those from temporary habitats. The mean phenotypic differentiation
 over all populations (QST) was lower than the mean genetic differentiation
 (FST), suggesting stabilizing selection. However, no difference was
 detected between QST and FST for both habitat regime and habitat openness.
description: Microsat Genotypes
 Data_Manuscript HDY-11-OR0439RRLife-history traits
 Data_Manuscript HDY-11-OR0439RR
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b45d
title: Data from: Consistent cooperation in a cichlid fish is caused by maternal and developmental effects rather than heritable genetic variation

description: Studies on the evolution of cooperative behaviour are typically confined
 to understanding its adaptive value. It is equally essential, however, to
 understand its potential to evolve, requiring knowledge about the
 phenotypic consistency and genetic basis of cooperative behaviour. While
 previous observational studies reported considerably high heritabilities
 of helping behaviour in cooperatively breeding vertebrates, experimental
 studies disentangling the relevant genetic and non-genetic components of
 cooperative behaviour are lacking. In a half-sibling breeding experiment,
 we investigated the repeatability and heritability of three major helping
 behaviours performed by subordinates of the cooperatively breeding fish
 Neolamprologus pulcher. To experimentally manipulate the amount of help
 needed in a territory, we raised the fish in two environments differing in
 egg predation risk. All three helping behaviours were significantly
 repeatable, but had very low heritabilities. The high within-individual
 consistencies were predominantly due to maternal and permanent environment
 effects. The perceived egg predation risk had no effect on helping, but
 social interactions significantly influenced helping propensities. Our
 results reveal that developmentally plastic adjustments of provided help
 to social context shape cooperative phenotypes, whereas heritable genetic
 variation plays a minor role.
description: Helping behaviour in the
 cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher540 observations of 3
 major alloparental brood care behaviours of the cooperatively breeding
 cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher bred in a paternal half-sibling
 breeding design. Includes dependent variables egg cleaning, digging, and
 defence against egg predator Telmatochromis vittatus of individuals during
 a test or a repeated test, covariates that predicted helping behaviours
 and random effects for quantitative genetic analyses.data_cichlid_helping.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6r826
title: Data from: Linkage map of the peppered moth, Biston betularia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): a model of industrial melanism

description: We have constructed a linkage map for the peppered moth (Biston
 betularia), the classical ecological genetics model of industrial
 melanism, aimed both at localizing the network of loci controlling
 melanism and making inferences about chromosome dynamics. The linkage map,
 which is based primarily on amplified fragment length polymorphisms
 (AFLPs) and genes, consists of 31 linkage groups (LGs; consistent with the
 karyotype). Comparison with the evolutionarily distant Bombyx mori
 suggests that the gene content of chromosomes is highly conserved. Gene
 order is conserved on the autosomes, but noticeably less so on the Z
 chromosome, as confirmed by physical mapping using bacterial artificial
 chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (BAC-FISH). Synteny mapping
 identified three pairs of B. betularia LGs (11/29, 23/30 and 24/31) as
 being orthologous to three B. mori chromosomes (11, 23 and 24,
 respectively). A similar finding in an outgroup moth (Plutella xylostella)
 indicates that the B. mori karyotype (n=28) is a phylogenetically derived
 state resulting from three chromosome fusions. As with other Lepidoptera,
 the B. betularia W chromosome consists largely of repetitive sequence, but
 exceptionally we found a W homolog of a Z-linked gene (laminin A),
 possibly resulting from ectopic recombination between the sex chromosomes.
 The B. betularia linkage map, featuring the network of known melanization
 genes, serves as a resource for melanism research in Lepidoptera.
 Moreover, its close resemblance to the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype
 (n=31) makes it a useful reference point for reconstructing chromosome
 dynamic events and ancestral genome architectures. Our study highlights
 the unusual evolutionary stability of lepidopteran autosomes; in contrast,
 higher rates of intrachromosomal rearrangements support a special role of
 the Z chromosome in adaptive evolution and speciation.
description: Biston
 genotypesGenotypes of the Biston
 betularia mapping family. Homozygote snp genotypes are listed as a single
 letter a,c,g,t and heterozygotes using the IUPAC degenerate code. Indels
 are specified as ll, ls, ss, representing large/large, large/small,
 small/small respectively. Exosome RRP41 has a null allele indicated with a
 '-'. The phenotype is either carb or typ for carbonaria and
 typical respectively. AFLPs are defined by 1 = peakpresent, 0 =
 peakabsent.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dt226
title: Data from: Lock-picks: fungal infection facilitates the intrusion of strangers into ant colonies

description: Studies investigating host-parasite systems rarely deal with multispecies
 interactions, and mostly explore impacts on hosts as individuals. Much
 less is known about the effects at colony level, when parasitism involves
 host organisms that form societies. We surveyed the effect of an
 ectoparasitic fungus, Rickia wasmannii, on kin-discrimination abilities of
 its host ant, Myrmica scabrinodis, identifying potential consequences at
 social level and subsequent changes in colony infiltration success of
 other organisms. Analyses of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), known to be
 involved in insects’ discrimination processes, revealed variations in
 chemical profiles correlated with the infection status of the ants, that
 could not be explained by genetic variation tested by microsatellites. In
 behavioural assays, fungus-infected workers were less aggressive towards
 both non-nestmates and unrelated queens, enhancing the probability of
 polygyny. Likewise, parasitic larvae of Maculinea butterflies had a higher
 chance of adoption by infected colonies. Our study indicates that
 pathogens can modify host recognition abilities, making the society more
 prone to accept both conspecific and allospecific organisms.
description: Csata_et_al_dataThe data file contains on separate sheets the following data: (a) relative abundance of cuticular hydrocarbons; (b) abundance of cuticular hydrocarbons; (c) microsatellite data; (d) colony structure (worker and queen no.) data; (e) data on aggression tests.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5nq85
title: Data from: Analytical tools for quantifying the morphology of invertebrate trace fossils

description: The analysis of trace fossils usually is performed qualitatively, which
 makes comparing trace fossils from different units less objective than
 quantitative approaches. Quantifying the shape of trace fossils enables
 scientists to compare trace fossils described by different people with
 greater precision and accuracy. This paper describes several methods for
 quantifying invertebrate trace fossils, including morphology dependent
 methods (motility index, mesh size, topology, tortuosity, branching angle,
 and the number of cell sides) and morphology independent methods (fractal
 analysis, burrow area shape, and occupied space percentage (OSP)). These
 tools were performed on a select group of graphoglyptid trace fossils,
 highlighting the benefits and flaws of each analytical approach. Combined
 together, these methods allow for more objective comparisons between
 different trace fossils.
description: Supplemental File 1 -
 Tortuosity CalculationsA step by step
 methodology of how the tortuosity was calculated for all three topology
 groups.13-080R_Lehane_Online_Supplemental_File_1.docSupplemental File 2 - Fractal Dimension CalculationsAn abbreviated methodology and list of parameters for determining the fractal dimension of the trace fossils.13-080R_Lehane_Online_Supplemental_File_2.docSupplemental File 3 - OSP and BAS CalculationsAn in depth methodology of the Occupied Space Percentage (OSP) and the Burrow Area Shape (BAS) calculations, including the Matlab script used in the OSP calculations.13-080R_Lehane_Online_Supplemental_File_3.doc
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mt2hk
title: Data from: Genetic divergence along the speciation continuum: the transition from host race to species in Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritdae)

description: Studies of related populations varying in their degrees of reproductive
 isolation can provide insights into speciation. Here, the transition from
 partially isolated host races to more fully separated sibling species is
 investigated by comparing patterns of genetic differentiation between
 recently evolved (∼150 generations) apple and ancestral hawthorn-infesting
 populations of Rhagoletis pomonella to their sister taxon, the undescribed
 flowering dogwood fly attacking Cornus florida. No fixed or diagnostic
 private alleles differentiating the three populations were found at any of
 23 microsatellites and ten allozymes scored. Nevertheless, allele
 frequency differences were sufficient across loci for flowering dogwood
 fly populations from multiple localities to form a diagnosable genotypic
 cluster distinct from apple and hawthorn flies, indicative of species
 status. Genome-wide patterns of differentiation were correlated between
 the host races and species pair comparisons along the majority of
 chromosomes, suggesting that similar disruptive selection pressures affect
 most loci. However, differentiation was more pronounced, with some
 additional regions showing elevated divergence, for the species pair
 comparison. Our results imply that Rhagoletis sibling species such as the
 flowering dogwood fly represent host races writ-large, with the transition
 to species status primarily resulting from increased divergence of the
 same regions separating apple and hawthorn flies.
description: Powell_etal_TableS1_forDRYADMicrosatellite allele frequencies for the 23 loci analyzed in study for 17 field sites, representing seven hawthorn- and four apple-infesting populations of R. pomonella, and six flowering dogwood fly populations. Collection site and site# are explained in Table 1 and Figs. S1 and 3 of the associated manuscript.. Allele numbers represent the size (in base pairs) of the PCR amplified DNA fragment (including the repeat sequence) generated using locus specific primers for each microsatellite, as determined by capillary electrophoresis on a Beckman-Coulter CEQ8000. Bolded numbers designate alleles that were pooled together to form one of the two alternative allele classes analyzed at a locus. Summary statistics, heterozygosity H and allelic richness A, calculated using rarefaction standardized to samples of 20 individuals in ADZE 1.0 (Szpeich et al. 2008) are also presented.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cv003
title: Data from: Endocrine phenotype, reproductive success and survival in the great tit, Parus major

description: A central goal in evolutionary ecology is to characterize and identify
 selection patterns on the optimal phenotype in different environments.
 Physiological traits, such as hormonal responses, provide important
 mechanisms by which individuals can adapt to fluctuating environmental
 conditions. It is therefore expected that selection shapes hormonal
 traits, but the strength and the direction of selection on plastic
 hormonal signals are still under investigation. Here, we determined
 whether, and in which way, selection is acting on the hormones
 corticosterone and prolactin by characterizing endocrine phenotypes and
 their relationship with fitness in free-living great tits, Parus major. We
 quantified variation in circulating concentrations of baseline and
 stress-induced corticosterone and in prolactin during the prebreeding
 (March) and the breeding season (May) for two consecutive years, and
 correlated these with reproductive success (yearly fledgling number) and
 overwinter survival in female and male individuals. In both years,
 individuals with high baseline corticosterone concentrations in March had
 the highest yearly fledgling numbers; while in May, individuals with low
 baseline corticosterone had the highest yearly reproductive success.
 Likewise, individuals that displayed strong seasonal plasticity in
 baseline corticosterone concentrations (high in March and low in May) had
 the highest reproductive success in each year. Prolactin concentrations
 were not related to reproductive success, but were positively correlated
 to the proximity to lay. Between-year plasticity in stress-induced
 corticosterone concentrations of males was related to yearly variation in
 food abundance, but not to overall reproductive success. These findings
 suggest that seasonally alternating directional selection is operating on
 baseline corticosterone concentrations in both sexes. The observed
 between-year consistency in selection patterns indicates that a one-time
 hormone sample in a given season can allow the prediction of individual
 fitness.
description: JQO GRTI
 rawdataHormone samples (raw)
 collected in the field during March and May, 2009-2011JQO GRTI
 dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5tp46
title: Data from: A surface renewal model for unsteady-state mass transfer using the generalized Danckwerts age distribution function

description: The recently derived steady-state generalized Danckwerts age distribution
 is extended to unsteady-state conditions. For three different wind speeds
 used by researchers on air-water heat exchange on the Heidelberg
 Aeolotron, calculations reveal that the distribution has a sharp peak
 during the initial moments, but flattens out and acquires a bell-shaped
 character with process time, with the time taken to attain a steady-state
 profile being a strong and inverse function of wind speed. With rising
 wind speed, the age distribution narrows significantly, its skewness
 decreases and its peak becomes larger. The mean eddy renewal time
 increases linearly with process time initially but approaches a final
 steady-state value asymptotically, which decreases dramatically with
 increased wind speed. Using the distribution to analyze the transient
 absorption of a gas into a large body of liquid, assuming negligible
 gas-side mass-transfer resistance, estimates are made of the
 gas-absorption and dissolved-gas transfer coefﬁcients for oxygen
 absorption in water at 25ºC for the three different wind speeds. Under
 unsteady-state conditions, these two coefficients show an inverse
 behavior, indicating a heightened accumulation of dissolved gas in the
 surface elements, especially during the initial moments of absorption.
 However, the two mass-transfer coefficients start merging together as
 steady state is approached. Theoretical predictions of the steady-state
 mass-transfer coefficient or transfer velocity are in fair agreement
 (average absolute error of prediction = 18.1%) with some experimental
 measurements of the same for the nitrous oxide – water system at 20ºC that
 were made in the Heidelberg Aeolotron.
description: Electronic Supplementary
 Material_Sample SageMath CodeSample SageMath code for
 modelling the unsteady-state physical absorption of a gas into a large
 volume of liquid using the generalized Danckwerts (GD) age distribution
 function. This code was used for performing calculations presented in the
 manuscript entitled “A surface renewal model for unsteady-state mass
 transfer using the generalized Danckwerts age distribution function”
 (authors: I. Hovarth and S. G. Chatterjee), which has been submitted to
 Royal Society Open Science.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.49f68p3
title: Data from: Are vocal characteristics related to leadership patterns in mixed-species bird flocks?

description: What structures the organization of mixed-species bird flocks, so that
 some ‘nuclear’ species lead the flocks, and others follow? Previous
 research has shown that species actively listen to each other, and that
 leaders are gregarious; such gregarious species tend to make contact calls
 and hence may be vocally conspicuous. Here we investigated whether vocal
 characteristics are associated with leadership, using a global dataset of
 mixed-species flock studies and recordings from sound archives. We first
 asked whether leaders are different from following or occasional species
 in flocks in the proportion of the recordings that contain calls (n=58
 flock studies, 145 species), and especially alarm calls (n=111 species).
 We found that leaders tended to have a higher proportion of their
 vocalizations that were calls than occasional species, and both leaders
 and following species had a significantly higher proportion of their calls
 rated as alarms compared to occasional species. Next, we investigated the
 acoustic characteristics of flock participants’ calls, hypothesizing that
 leaders would make more calls, and have less silence on the recordings. We
 also hypothesized that leaders’ calls would be simple acoustically, as
 contact calls tend to be, and thus similar to each other, as well as being
 detectable, in being low frequency and high bandwidth. The analysis (n=45
 species, 169 recordings) found that only one of these predictions was
 supported: leading species were less often silent than following or
 occasional species. Unexpectedly, leaders’ calls were less similar to each
 other than occasional species. The greater amount of information available
 and the greater variety of that information support the hypothesis that
 leadership in flocks is related to vocal communication. We highlight the
 use of sound archives to ask questions about behavioral and community
 ecology, while acknowledging some limitations of such studies.
description: All data for Dryad,
 2.18.18The file includes 4
 worksheets: 1) The bird species involved and the publications in which the
 flock systems were described. 2) The data on the percentage of recordings
 on Xeno-Canto that were described as calls (n=145 species). 3) The data on
 the percentage of recordings on Xeno-Canto that were described as alarms
 (n=111 species). 4) Acoustic measurements of recordings from Xeno-Canto
 and the Macaulay Library (n=45 species).