DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0phr
title: Education in the Anthropocene: Assessing planetary health science standards in the US

description: The environmental crises defining the Anthropocene demand ubiquitous
 mitigation efforts, met with collective support. Yet, disengagement and
 disbelief surrounding planetary health threats are pervasive, especially
 in the United States (US). This skepticism may be influenced by inadequate
 education addressing the scope and urgency of the planetary health crisis.
 We analyzed current K-12 science standards related to planetary health
 throughout the US, assessing their quality and potential predictors of
 variation. While planetary health education varies widely across the US
 with respect to the presence and depth of terms, most science standards
 neglected to convey these concepts with a sense of urgency. Furthermore,
 state/territory political affiliation and primary GDP contributor were
 each predictive of the quality of planetary health education. We propose
 that a nation-wide science standard could fully address the urgency of the
 planetary health crisis and prevent political bias from influencing the
 breadth and depth of concepts covered. 
description: # Data and code for Education in the Anthropocene: assessing planetary
 health science standards in the USA [Access this dataset on
 Dryad](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0phr) This dataset contains all
 US state and territory science standards (as of July 2020) as well as the
 raw scores assigned by standard reviewers, R input files, and R code used
 to assess planetary health education throughout the US. ## Description of
 the data and file structure ### Individual state and territory science
 education standards * All PDF and Word files ### Data files *
 **Raw\_Data.xlsx** \- all raw scores and metadata for individual
 state/territory science standards * Sheet 1 (Standard Rankings) - rankings
 for all science education standards across all terms and dimensions * T.
 P. = Term Presence * H. I. = Human Interactions * L. U. = Level of Urgency
 * Sheet 2 (State Metadata) - all metadata for each US state and territory
 used to determine which factors predict planetary health education quality
 * **composite\_score\_vs\_length.txt** \- contains the mean score
 \("Score"\)\, score dimension \("Category"\)\,
 standard length in pages \("Pages"\)\, and standard length in
 number of words \("Words"\) for each science education standard
 \("Standard"\) * **Correlation\_Scatterplots\_Data.txt** \- mean
 Term Presence \("TP\_Score"\)\, Human Interactions
 \("HI\_Score"\)\, and Level of Urgency \("LU\_Score"\)
 scores for each individual science education standard \(rows\) *
 **H.I.\_raw.txt** \- raw Human Impacts scores for each science education
 standard \(rows\); columns represent the raw scores assigned by reviewers
 1\, 2\, and 3 * **L.U.\_raw.txt** \- raw Level of Urgency scores for each
 science education standard \(rows\); columns represent the raw scores
 assigned by reviewers 1\, 2\, and 3 * **T.P.\_raw.txt** \- raw Term
 Presence scores for each science education standard \(rows\); columns
 represent the raw scores assigned by reviewers 1\, 2\, and 3 *
 **State.Ranking.Data.9.15.20.csv** \- for each individual state/territory
 science education standard \(rows\) included are the state abbreviation
 \("Abbreviation"\)\, state/territory name
 \("State/Territory"\)\, US census region \("Region"\)
 and division \("Division"\)\, if the science education standard
 is the Next Generation Science Standard \("NGSS"\) with Y = yes
 and N = no\, climate change preparedness as a numeric score
 \("NumericPreparedness"\)\, climate change preparedness as a
 letter score \("Preparedness\.ClimateChange"\)\, the
 state/territory's top GDP industry \("Industy\.1\.GDP"\)\,
 dominant political party \("Yr Adopted NCSL Bi"\)\, the percent
 of children living in poverty \("Children\.Poverty"\)\, average
 household income \("HH\.Income"\)\, the year the science
 education standard was adopted \("Year\_Adopted"\)\, the year
 the science education standard was implemented
 \("Year\_Implemented"\)\, the total number of students enrolled
 in public education \("No\_Students"\)\, the sum of all Term
 Presence scores \("TP\_Sum"\)\, the sum of all Human Interaction
 scores \("HI\_Sum"\)\, the sum of all Level of Urgency scores
 \("LU\_Sum"\)\, the mean Term Presence score
 \("TP\_Score"\)\, the mean Human Interactions score
 \("HI\_Score"\)\, the mean Level of Urgency score
 \("LU\_Score"\)\, the composite score \("Overall
 Score"\)\, and the deviation of the composite score from the mean of
 all composite scores \("Deviation from Mean"\) ### Analysis
 scripts * **Krippendorffs\_alpha\_IRR.R** * Calculates interrater
 reliability via Krippendorff's alpha for all raw data (Figure S3). *
 Input: **L.U.\_raw.txt**, **H.I.\_raw.txt**, and **T.P.\_raw.txt** *
 **Composite\_Score\_vs\_Length.R** * Calculates linear regression of state
 standard length against each mean score (Figure S2). * Input:
 **composite\_score\_vs\_length.txt** *
 **Correlation\_Scatterplots\_Script.R** * Calculates the linear regression
 of each pair of term dimensions (Figure S1) * Input:
 **Correlation\_Scatterplots\_Data.txt** * **LSMeans.Rmd** * Restricted
 maximum likelihood liner mixed models using the statistical package
 ASREML-R * Input: **State.Ranking.Data.9.15.20.csv** ## Sharing/Access
 information For those versions still publicly available online, US state
 and territory standards can be accessed directly online using the
 following links: | State | Link to Standard | | ----- | ---------------- |
 | NGSS |
 [https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18290/next-generation-science-standards-for-states-by-states](https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18290/next-generation-science-standards-for-states-by-states) | | NGSS Framework | [https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13165/a-framework-for-k-12-science-education-practices-crosscutting-concepts](https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13165/a-framework-for-k-12-science-education-practices-crosscutting-concepts) | | Alabama | [https://www.alsde.edu/sec/sct/Pages/cos-all.aspx?tab=Science&navtext=Science%20Course%20of%20Study](https://www.alsde.edu/sec/sct/Pages/cos-all.aspx?tab=Science&navtext=Science%20Course%20of%20Study) | | Alaska | [https://education.alaska.gov/standards/science](https://education.alaska.gov/standards/science) | | Arizona | [https://www.azed.gov/standards-practices/k-12standards/standards-science/](https://www.azed.gov/standards-practices/k-12standards/standards-science/) | | Arkansas | [http://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/divisions/learning-services/curriculum-support/stem-sciences-technologies-engineering-and-mathematics/science/science-standards-and-courses](http://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/divisions/learning-services/curriculum-support/stem-sciences-technologies-engineering-and-mathematics/science/science-standards-and-courses) | | California (NGSS) | [https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/sc/ngssstandards.asp](https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/sc/ngssstandards.asp) | | Colorado | [https://www.cde.state.co.us/coscience/statestandards](https://www.cde.state.co.us/coscience/statestandards) | | Connecticut (NGSS) | [https://portal.ct.gov/SDE/Science/Science-Standards-and-Resources](https://portal.ct.gov/SDE/Science/Science-Standards-and-Resources) | | Delaware (NGSS) | [https://www.doe.k12.de.us/Page/2530](https://www.doe.k12.de.us/Page/2530) | | Florida | [http://www.fldoe.org/academics/standards/subject-areas/math-science/science/](http://www.fldoe.org/academics/standards/subject-areas/math-science/science/) | | Georgia | [https://www.georgiastandards.org/Georgia-Standards/Pages/Science.aspx](https://www.georgiastandards.org/Georgia-Standards/Pages/Science.aspx) | | Hawaii (NGSS) | [http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/TeachingAndLearning/StudentLearning/ngss/Pages/default.aspx](http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/TeachingAndLearning/StudentLearning/ngss/Pages/default.aspx) | | Idaho | [https://www.sde.idaho.gov/academic/standards/](https://www.sde.idaho.gov/academic/standards/) | | Illinois (NGSS) | [https://www.isbe.net/Pages/Science.aspx](https://www.isbe.net/Pages/Science.aspx) | | Indiana | [https://www.doe.in.gov/standards/science-computer-science](https://www.doe.in.gov/standards/science-computer-science) | | Iowa (NGSS) | [https://iowacore.gov/iowa-core/subject/science](https://iowacore.gov/iowa-core/subject/science) | | Kansas (NGSS) | [https://community.ksde.org/Default.aspx?tabid=5785](https://community.ksde.org/Default.aspx?tabid=5785) | | Kentucky | [https://education.ky.gov/curriculum/conpro/science/Pages/Next-Generation-Science-Standards.aspx](https://education.ky.gov/curriculum/conpro/science/Pages/Next-Generation-Science-Standards.aspx) | | Louisiana | [https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/academic-standards](https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/academic-standards) | | Maine (NGSS) | [https://www.maine.gov/doe/learning/content/scienceandtech/standards](https://www.maine.gov/doe/learning/content/scienceandtech/standards) | | Maryland (NGSS) | [https://mdk12.msde.maryland.gov/INSTRUCTION/StandardsandFrameworks/sciences/Pages/sciences.aspx](https://mdk12.msde.maryland.gov/INSTRUCTION/StandardsandFrameworks/sciences/Pages/sciences.aspx) | | Massachusetts | [http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html](http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html) | | Michigan (NGSS) | [https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/MSS_Admin_Overview_526898_7.pdf](https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/MSS_Admin_Overview_526898_7.pdf) | | Minnesota | [https://education.mn.gov/MDE/dse/stds/sci](https://education.mn.gov/MDE/dse/stds/sci) | | Mississippi | [https://www.mdek12.org/secondaryeducation/science](https://www.mdek12.org/secondaryeducation/science) | | Missouri | [https://dese.mo.gov/college-career-readiness/curriculum/missouri-learning-standards#mini-panel-mls-standards3](https://dese.mo.gov/college-career-readiness/curriculum/missouri-learning-standards#mini-panel-mls-standards3) | | Montana | [https://opi.mt.gov/Educators/Teaching-Learning/K-12-Content-Standards-Revision/Science-Standards](https://opi.mt.gov/Educators/Teaching-Learning/K-12-Content-Standards-Revision/Science-Standards) | | Nebraska | [https://www.education.ne.gov/science/](https://www.education.ne.gov/science/) | | Nevada | [http://www.doe.nv.gov/Nevada_Academic_Standards/Science/](http://www.doe.nv.gov/Nevada_Academic_Standards/Science/) | | New Hampshire (NGSS) | [https://www.education.nh.gov/news/new-hampshire-state-board-education-adopts-new-academic-standards-science](https://www.education.nh.gov/news/new-hampshire-state-board-education-adopts-new-academic-standards-science) | | New Jersey (NGSS) | [https://www.nj.gov/education/cccs/2020/](https://www.nj.gov/education/cccs/2020/) | | New Mexico (NGSS) | [https://webnew.ped.state.nm.us/bureaus/math-science/nm-stem-ready-science/nm-stem-ready-science-standards/](https://webnew.ped.state.nm.us/bureaus/math-science/nm-stem-ready-science/nm-stem-ready-science-standards/) | | New York | [http://www.nysed.gov/curriculum-instruction/science-learning-standards](http://www.nysed.gov/curriculum-instruction/science-learning-standards) | | North Carolina= | [https://www.dpi.nc.gov/teach-nc/curriculum-instruction/standard-course-study/science](https://www.dpi.nc.gov/teach-nc/curriculum-instruction/standard-course-study/science) | | North Dakota | [https://www.nd.gov/dpi/districtsschools/k-12-education-content-standards](https://www.nd.gov/dpi/districtsschools/k-12-education-content-standards) | | Ohio | [http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Science/Ohios-Learning-Standards-and-MC](http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Science/Ohios-Learning-Standards-and-MC) | | Oklahoma | [https://sde.ok.gov/science](https://sde.ok.gov/science) | | Oregon (NGSS) | [https://www.nextgenscience.org/oregon](https://www.nextgenscience.org/oregon) | | Pennsylvania | [https://www.stateboard.education.pa.gov/Regulations/AcademicStandards/Pages/default.aspx](https://www.stateboard.education.pa.gov/Regulations/AcademicStandards/Pages/default.aspx) | | Rhode Island (NGSS) | [https://www.ride.ri.gov/InstructionAssessment/Science/ScienceStandards.aspx](https://www.ride.ri.gov/InstructionAssessment/Science/ScienceStandards.aspx) | | South Carolina | [https://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards-learning/science/standards/](https://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards-learning/science/standards/) | | South Dakota | [https://doe.sd.gov/contentstandards/](https://doe.sd.gov/contentstandards/) | | Tennessee | [https://www.tn.gov/education/instruction/academic-standards/science-standards.html](https://www.tn.gov/education/instruction/academic-standards/science-standards.html) | | Texas | [https://tea.texas.gov/academics/subject-areas/science](https://tea.texas.gov/academics/subject-areas/science) | | Utah | [https://www.schools.utah.gov/curr/science](https://www.schools.utah.gov/curr/science) | | Vermont (NGSS) | [https://education.vermont.gov/student-learning/content-areas/science](https://education.vermont.gov/student-learning/content-areas/science) | | Virginia | [http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/science/index.shtml](http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/science/index.shtml) | | Washington (NGSS) | [https://www.k12.wa.us/student-success/resources-subject-area/science/science-k%E2%80%9312-learning-standards/washington-state-science-and-learning-standards](https://www.k12.wa.us/student-success/resources-subject-area/science/science-k%E2%80%9312-learning-standards/washington-state-science-and-learning-standards) | | West Virginia | [https://wvde.us/tree/middlesecondary-learning/science/](https://wvde.us/tree/middlesecondary-learning/science/) | | Wisconsin | [https://dpi.wi.gov/science/standards](https://dpi.wi.gov/science/standards) | | Wyoming | [https://edu.wyoming.gov/educators/standards/science/](https://edu.wyoming.gov/educators/standards/science/) | | Washington D.C. (NGSS) | [https://sboe.dc.gov/page/education-standards](https://sboe.dc.gov/page/education-standards) | | American Samoa | [https://www.doe.as/files/user/2/file/ScienceElem_%20Standards.pdf](https://www.doe.as/files/user/2/file/ScienceElem_%20Standards.pdf) | | Guam (NGSS) | [http://guam.cyberschool.com/District/Department/5-curriculum-instruction/Portal/resource-page](http://guam.cyberschool.com/District/Department/5-curriculum-instruction/Portal/resource-page) | | Puerto Rico | no longer available |