cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/38e3bd7f-63a6-41a6-8bb3-4cad89bdb14d
title: Digital image correlation and mechanical stress test measurements on Passer sparrow skull models

description: This dataset comprises reference and deformed images of F1 hybrid and house sparrow (THE) hybrid skull prints and a short Matlab code to extract wireframe deformation model. Loading was conducted at the University of Nottingham in 2023 on a customised loading frame. A reference database is provided as an example of pre-processed data. 
description: Samples were derived from the collection at the Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway. All samples were scanned with the use of a high-resolution X-ray Waygate Technologies v|tome|x M 240kV CT system at 26μA at the Hounsfield Facility on the Sutton Bonnington Campus of the University of Nottingham, UK. 
These were then 3D printed using polyamides at the University of Nottingham. Printed skulls were then tested for mechanical stress in a multiaxial loading frame and stresses quantified using digital image correlation. The deposited data are the results and analysis from this deformation step.
DOI: 10.5285/0567ac9f-3e35-4f41-9efa-8e97948401f8
title: Saturated hydraulic conductivity in peat near open and blocked gullies in the Peak District, December 2021 and January 2022

description: This dataset provides saturated hydraulic conductivity values which were obtained from samples of peat. The peat was collected adjacent to erosion gullies that were either open, or adjacent to dams on gullies which had been installed as part of peatland restoration. The sites studied were Kinder Scout and Withens Clough in the Peak District, northern England. Values of saturated hydraulic conductivity were obtained from replicate samples. At each sampling location values were obtained for 5 cm long peat samples across three depth ranges (0-10 cm, 35-45 cm, 75-85 cm), and three distances from gully edges (0 cm, 100 cm, 500 cm). Comparisons were made between peat next to blocked gully dams and peat not adjacent to a gully dam and between the two peatland sites. The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/R004595/1).
description: At each site the sample was extracted from the surface (0-10 cm) by pushing in a 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm box corer and cutting underneath it to remove the peat. At the gully edge the same method was used to extract the 35-45 cm depth and 75-85 cm depth sample from the gully face. At the sample points that were 1 m and 5 m from the gully edge, a 1 m long, 110 mm diameter tube corer was used to extract the subsurface samples.

The samples were returned to the laboratory and saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured using a split cylinder method. A cylindrical sample is cut from a frozen cube of peat, allowed to thaw, and gently enclosed in an acrylic split-cylinder, coated on the inside with a soft silicone grease or petroleum jelly, thus preventing preferential flow.  

The samples were saturated with water taken from the sample site and a hydraulic gradient across the sample was formed using tubing regulators. Discharge rates were measured and Darcy’s Law used to determine saturated hydraulic conductivity values.  For each sample, three measurements were taken and a mean of the three flow rates was calculated and that mean is what is reported in the dataset.
DOI: 10.5285/26f045c3-946b-4115-baf1-defb19bdba42
title: Time series of trajectory data for individual three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) swimming individually and in groups of six individuals

description: The resource consists of cartesian coordinates, expressed in units of pixels, for fish swimming individually, in groups of six individuals, and in groups of six individuals while presented repeatedly with a food stimulus delivering two food items until satiation. The fish were filmed from above with a high resolution video camera. The data were generated from the images and video using automated two-dimensional tracking software. The data were collected between September 2019 and March 2020 in a controlled fish laboratory at the University of Bristol by the data authors. The data were collected to test how individual temperament and the acquisition of knowledge and satiation interact when animals make foraging decisions in groups. There are instances where one or more fish in a frame could not be tracked. Where such instances occur are indicated in the data files.

The research was funded through NERC grant NE/P012639/1 Hunger and knowledge: foraging decisions in an uncertain and social world.

All procedures regarding the use of animals in research followed United Kingdom guidelines and were approved by the University of Bristol Ethical Review Group (UIN UB/17/060).
description: The fish were filmed in a tank from above with a high resolution video camera at 25 frames per second. File resolution was reduced for video tracking. Cartesian coordinates expressed in units of pixels were generated from automated two-dimensional tracking software and are presented as text (.txt) files.
DOI: 10.5285/cb23c552-caee-4221-bdd3-83b172139ae1
title: Heliconius butterfly collection records in the Chocó-Darien Rainforest (Ecuador, Colombia, Panama) 2014-2016

description: These data comprise collection records of Heliconius butterfly samples collected in the Chocó-Darien ecoregion between the Andes and the Pacific in Ecuador and Colombia, and the Pacific coast of the Darien region of Panama. Samples were collected over five sampling trips between 2014 and 2016. Data were collected for a study of clinal variation across this region in Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene, so focus on these two species. However, in most cases all observed Heliconius species were collected. 

The dataset includes photographs of the wings of most of the specimens, which were used for an analysis of colour and pattern variation. Many of these individuals also have genomic information available for them on the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) - the data includes ENA accession numbers.

Data were collected as part of a NERC fellowship project (NE/K008498/1).
description: Sampling was performed with hand nets, targeting all observed Heliconius individuals. The collection records do not represent a standardised sampling, as collecting effort (time and number of collectors) varied between days. Species identities were confirmed by at least two experts and in listed cases also by genetic information. Photographs were taken under standardised lighting conditions (see supporting documentation).
DOI: 10.5285/190b7ef8-1997-4424-a087-882cd7673e23
title: Pollinator data from calcareous grassland, heathland and woodland sites in Dorset, UK, 2017-2018

description: This dataset contains pollinator abundance data from 13 calcareous grassland, 13 heathland and 12 woodland sites within Dorset, UK. The sites were selected to represent a range of habitat types across a condition gradient as measured by levels of degradation from the original habitat. The original habitats were identified as being calcareous grassland, heathland or woodland from a survey conducted in the 1930s. Butterflies, bees, hoverflies, flies and beetles were recorded to species level and the plant species insects were foraging on was also recorded. Data were collected on three different dates in 2017 and 2018: calcareous grassland in June, July and August; heathland transects in May, August and September; and woodland transects in May, June and July.
description: Original sites were identified from work by Professor Ronald Good, an eminent Dorset botanist who undertook an extensive botanical survey of Dorset from 1931 to 1939. The archive is publically available through the Dorset Environmental Records Centre. Sites were selected from those sites identified by Good as being calcareous grassland, heathland or woodland in 1930s. The subsampling approach used a variety of data sources, to identify current habitat types, including the UK Land Cover Map 2007, Natural England’s Priority Habitat Inventory  and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), survey data from Horsfall, the Dorset Heathland survey and information on the Higher Level Stewardship schemes.

Sample squares (50m x 50m plots) were randomly assigned within the original Good survey area prior to visit using ArcGIS. Pollinator abundance was recorded by walking two 50m transects at a steady pace. All butterflies were recorded to species level within a 5m imaginary box along the transect, in flight or nectaring. Bees, hoverflies, flies and beetles were also recorded to species whilst foraging within a 2m box along the 50m transect. All transects were walked within fixed weather criteria, these consisted of dry calm conditions with a minimum of 13 degC temperature, between 13-16 degC no more than 40% cloud cover; and wind speeds not exceeding 5 on the Beaufort scale. Transects were only walked within the time window of 10:00 to 16:00, when the above criteria were met.

Data were collected by experienced field ecologists, the same ecologists carried out all surveys. Data are consistent and reliable. Data were recorded into a spreadsheet as recorded in the field. Data were checked for any anomalies.
DOI: 10.5285/787b4473-d40c-474f-be45-21c3a838fe6f
title: Soil fauna data from Sourhope field experiment site, Scotland, 2002-2003 [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: This data set includes records of soil fauna sampled from the Sourhope experimental site in July and October 2002, and April,  June and October 2003.  These include collembola, spiders, slugs and beetles and a range of invertebrates captured by a variety of methods.  Data were collected during a project funded under the NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme.

The NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT8545019630). During the experiment, the site was monitored to assess changes in above-ground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT 8545 1963). Soil samples were collected by students and staff at the experimental site before being processed according to standard protocols. Data were then transferred to the programme data manager at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/dd35316a-cecc-4f6d-9a21-74a0f6599e9e
title: Surface temperature, surface oxygen, water clarity, water chemistry and phytoplankton chlorophyll a data from Blelham Tarn, 2019-2020

description: This is part of an ongoing long-term monitoring dataset of surface temperature, surface oxygen, water clarity, water chemistry and phytoplankton chlorophyll a from fortnightly sampling at Blelham Tarn in Cumbria, England that began in 1945 for some variables. The data have been collected by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH). The data available to download comprise surface temperature (TEMP) in degree Celsius, surface oxygen saturation (OXYG) in % air-saturation, Secchi depth (SECC) in metres, alkalinity (ALKA) in µg per litre as CaCO3 and pH. Ammonium (NH4N), nitrate (NO3N), soluble reactive phosphate (PO4P), total phosphorus (TOTP), dissolved reactive silicon expressed as SiO2 (SIO2) and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (TOCA) are all given in µg per litre. Water samples are based on a sample integrated from 0 to 5 m. All data are from January 2019 until the end of 2020.
description: Please note that the data presented here are raw data that have not yet been quality controlled and calibrated. However, data has been double entered and checked visually. Missing data are due to weather conditions, covid-19 restrictions or staff shortage.
Measurements are made from a boat at a marked location (buoy) at the deepest part of the lake. When it was not possible to visit the buoy, samples were taken from the shore, thus water samples were not integrated on these occasions, marked as Flag 2.
DOI: 10.5285/2757e972-a7fe-494d-92c3-c3205dfdef19
title: Soil properties and soil greenhouse gas emissions in biochar-amended bioenergy soils incubated under controlled laboratory conditions

description: Data from an investigation of the effects of biochar application to soil on greenhouse gas emissions using soil from a bioenergy crop (Miscanthus X. giganteus). Data include physical (bulk density) and chemical analyses of the soil (total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), extractable ammonium and nitrate), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)) during incubations. Data were collected during two incubation experiments investigating the effects of temperature, soil moisture and soil aeration on biochar induced suppression of GHG emissions. Biochar is a carbon rich substances which is being advocated as a climate mitigation tool to increase carbon sequestration and reduce nitrous oxide emissions. 
description: Twenty soil cores were collected from a field site in Lincolnshire in March 2011, three weeks after planting and Nitrogen fertiliser addition. Soil cores of 150-180 millimetre (mm) depth, containing approximately 1.6 kilogram soil (dry weight) were extracted in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes (height 215 mm depth 102 mm) and stored at 4 degrees centigrade for 30 days. A four-treatment factorial experiment was designed using soils un-amended or amended with biochar and un-wetted or wetted with deionised water (5 replicates per treatment). Soil in all the cores was mixed to 7 centimetre (cm) depth. To half of the cores, biochar (less than 2 mm) was mixed into the soil at a rate of 3 percent soil dry weight (approximately 22 tons per hectare (t ha-1)). After allowing for any potential Carbon dioxide (CO2) flush from newly-mixed soil to equilibrate for seven days, the cores were placed at 16 degrees centigrade in the dark. Un-wetted soil cores were maintained at 23 percent Gravimetric moisture content (GMC), whilst the GMC of 'wetted' soil cores was increased to 28 percent GMC at the time zero (t0) of four wetting events on day 17, 46, 67 and 116. These water addition rates were based on mean and maximum monthly soil GMC measured in the field between 2009-2010.
DOI: 10.5285/9f8d9cc6-b552-4c8b-af09-e92743cdd3de
title: Landscape point feature data from the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, Wales 2013-2016

description: This data set consists of records of point landscape features and associated attributes from sites across Wales, collected between 2013 and 2016. Data are presented as records of features such as trees, ponds and buildings with associated species and condition measures where applicable. Features were surveyed within a set of up to 300 x 1km squares across Wales (not all sites contained point features), collected as part of the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP). 

The monitoring programme was set up by the Welsh Government in 2013 to monitor the effects of the Glastir agri-environment scheme on the environment and ran from 2013 to 2016. The field survey element was based on a stratified random sampling design of 300 x 1km square sites across Wales, and was managed by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
description: The data were recorded using electronic data capture devices in the summers of 2013-2016 by professional surveyors. Data were recorded from up to 300 x 1km squares sited across Wales, selected by random stratified sample. The survey was managed by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Standardised methodologies were applied throughout.
To ensure confidentiality of the data with respect to land owners and managers, the locations of 1km squares and survey sites were converted to the centres of the containing 10km Ordnance Survey grid squares.
DOI: 10.5285/09ae86d6-896f-430f-aab4-c5b46c265213
title: Surface and groundwater stable isotope analysis using water samples taken from the Gandak River Basin, Bihar, India, 2017-2019

description: The dataset contains stable isotope data from surface and groundwater samples collected in the Gandak Basin, north India. The data was collected between March 2017 and February 2019. These measurements were taken to improve understanding of surface and subsurface water interconnections and movement through river and canal networks and underlying aquifers.

The data were collected as part of the NERC sponsored project Coupled Human and Natural Systems Environment (CHANSE), grant number NE/N01670X/1
description: Stable isotope values for 108 water samples collected in the Gandak River Basin, in Bihar, India are presented, with accompanying values for SEC (specific electrical conductivity) for most of these samples. Samples were collected between February 2017 and February 2019, of surface water, groundwater and rainfall. Most groundwater samples were sampled from boreholes or wells that were in regular daily use. Samples were unfiltered and were bottled at source in Nalgene sample bottles, filled to brim to avoid air, and labelled at source. SEC was measured at source using a field SEC meter. Samples were analysed for the stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18 by mass spectrometry, at British Geological Survey laboratories in the UK. Further details can be found in the supporting information.

 Samples were taken by staff from the British Geological Survey, Imperial College London, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bihar and Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE). 

The data were collected as part of the NERC sponsored project Coupled Human and Natural Systems Environment (CHANSE), grant number NE/N01670X/1.
DOI: 10.5285/24489399-5c99-4050-93ee-58ac4b09341a
title: Plant Respiration Modelling with JULES for a changing climate (1860-2100)

description: The dataset contains annual global plant respiration (and related diagnostics, such as Net Primary Productivity, Gross Primary Productivity and soil respiration), applicable for pre-industrial times (taken as year 1860) through to the end of the 21st Century (year 2100). The spatial resolution of the data is 2.5 degrees latitude x 3.75 degrees longitude. These diagnostics are outputs from the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES land surface model) under four different approaches to calcluate leaf respiration. 

Each of four sets contains a total of 34 runs, each driven by a different CMIP5 model climate pattern, using the Integrated Model Of Global Effects of climatic aNomalies (IMOGEN) system. These are for a "business-as-usual" approach to fossil fuel usage, as the Representative Concentration Pathway scenario RCP8.5. These simulations form the basis for new research paper by Huntingford et al (2017, under review).
description: The annual data are time means of the JULES fluxes, calculated every 3600 s. JULES is a Land Surface Model widely used in climate research. The JULES runs were driven by 34 different GCM climate patterns as described in the IMOGEN system. The 4 approaches for the calculation of plant respiration are:
(i) "standard" - this is using the standard version of the JULES model
(ii) "RD25" - this is with revised estimates of respiration at 25 degrees Celsius.
(iii) "RD25 plus b,c" - this is with new 25 degrees respiration values, plus a revised temperature response across temperature ranges, dependent on two empiric parameters.
(iv) "RD25 plus b,c plus acclim" - as for (iii) above, with additional temperature acclimation effects.

See supporting information accompanying this dataset for further details.
DOI: 10.5285/ca147ac9-ac68-4348-b5f0-dcd483ef3a85
title: Traits data from juvenile trees exposed to a 50% reduction in canopy throughfall at the Caxiuan drought experiment, Brazil, 2017

description: A data set consisting of seventeen functional traits collected on 43 saplings from a Control and 33 saplings from a long-term drought experiment site in a tropical rainforest in NE Amazonia, Brazil. The experiment was designed to exclude 50% of the incoming rainfall to the soil and was conducted over a 1ha area, alongside the experiment there is a control (non- drought plot) of a corresponding size.

The samples were collected in 2017, fifteen years after the start of the experiment on trees with a diameter at breast height (1.3m) of 1-10cm. The purpose of the dataset was to assess if traits relating to plant metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration) and plant hydraulic processes had been significantly altered in trees growing under drought conditions.
description: The data was from August to September (dry season) in 2017. In total twenty species from nine genera were sampled, with replication at genera level on the drought and control plot. For each individual, we collected two branches from the top of the crown, representing the point maximally exposed to light and the 17 traits were measured off these two branches. The quality control processes were trait specific and the related papers detail how this was done.
DOI: 10.5285/2cbe3a8c-1a54-490d-a32d-078564c117b7
title: Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS) net primary productivity (NPP) on salt marsh sites at Morecambe Bay and Essex

description: The dataset comprises net primary productivity (NPP) measured as kilogrammes of dry above-ground vegetation per square metre per year. Sampling was conducted at six salt marsh sites at four spatial scales: 1 metre (m) (the minimal sampling unit) nested within a hierarchy of increasing scales of 1-10 m, 10-100 m and 100-1000 m. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England. NPP measurements were based on vegetation re-growth after cutting in winter 2013 and harvesting in summer 2013.

This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS). The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme. 

description: Net primary productivity (NPP) was measured as an above ground vegetation sample (cut at ground level) of 50 centimetre (cm) x 25 cm inside grazer exclusion cages during the summer 2013 sampling period (after all above ground vegetation removed from 50 cm x 25 cm area in winter 2013). NPP was calculated from each quadrat by scaling up the mass of the dry vegetation to kg per square metre per year. Vegetation cut in field then dried at 60 degrees Celsius for 72 hours. Results were recorded onto field sheets. These data were transferred into an Excel file and calculations carried out. Results were exported as comma separated value files for ingestion into the EIDC. The location of the sample sites was determined by randomly allocated quadrats. Each site consisted of a rectangular area of saltmarsh between 400 x 500 metre (m) to 1000 x 1000 m in size, dependent upon saltmarsh length (parallel to shore) and width (perpendicular to shore), including part of the low, mid and high marsh zones. Twenty two 1 x 1 m quadrats were randomly allocated to each site rectangle using R (R Development Core Team, 2014) to specify four different spatial scales (A = 1 quadrat only, B = 3 quadrats at 1 m to 10 m apart, C = 6 quadrats at 10 m to 100 m apart, D = 12 quadrats at 100 m to 1000 m or site maximum).