DOI: 10.5061/dryad.stqjq2cf5
title: Noise pollution and artificial light at night alter selection pressures on sexual signals in an urban adapter

description: Human-induced environmental changes can have major impacts on how
 individuals communicate. Species using sexual signals may experience
 especially rapid shifts in their interactions with both intended receivers
 (mates) and eavesdroppers (predators). Artificial light at night and
 anthropogenic noise represent two major environmental features of
 human-dominated habitats which may alter selection pressures imposed on
 sexual signalers. In this study, we used a full factorial design to
 investigate individual and combined effects of experimentally added light
 and noise pollution on the attraction of female frogs and bat predators to
 speakers broadcasting male túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus) calls. We
 conducted two-choice tests in the field to examine if predatory and mating
 preferences for signals differing in conspicuousness change in response to
 noise and light pollution. Data were collected between August – November
 2019 in Soberanía National Park and the area surrounding Gamboa, Panamá.
description: # Noise pollution and artificial light at night alter selection pressures
 on sexual signals in an urban adapter Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.stqjq2cf5](10.5061/dryad.stqjq2cf5) ## Description of the
 data and file structure In this study, we used a full factorial design to
 investigate individual and combined effects of experimentally added light
 and noise pollution on the attraction of female frogs and bat predators to
 speakers broadcasting male túngara frog (*Engystomops pustulosus*) calls.
 We conducted two-choice tests in the field to examine if predatory and
 mating preferences for signals differing in conspicuousness change in
 response to noise and light pollution. Data were collected between August
 – November 2019 in Soberanía National Park and the area surrounding
 Gamboa, Panamá. ### **Variables in data.csv:** **Location:** the location
 at which the data was collected. **Visit:** the date of the visit on which
 the data was collected (DD/MM/YYYY). **VisitNumber:** visits were numbered
 by sequence of visitation (from 1-5). **Site:** the site at which the data
 was collected (from 1-4). **Treatment:** the treatment the site was
 assigned during each visit. **Light:** whether light treatment was added
 (1 = presence of light). **Noise:** whether noise treatment was added (1 =
 presence of noise). **Stimulus.Low:** whether the stimulus broadcast were
 low contrast. Stimulus pairs 3+4 and 5+6 were considered low contrast.
 **Stimulus.High:** whether the stimulus broadcast were high contrast.
 Stimulus pairs 1+2 and 7+8 were considered high contrast.
 **StimulusPair:** the identifying numbers of the stimulus pairs (1+2, 3+4,
 5+6, or 7+8). **StimulusContrast:** whether the stimuli were low or high
 contrast. **F_FemaleAttempts_Site:** cumulative number of attempts made by
 female *E. pustulosus *at each site. **F_FemaleAttempts_Forest:**
 cumulative number of attempts made by female *E. pustulosus *in the plots
 broadcasting inconspicuous forest male *E. pustulosus *calls.
 **F_FemaleAttempts_Urban:** cumulative number of attempts made by female
 *E. pustulosus *in the plots broadcasting conspicuous urban male *E.
 pustulosus *calls. **F_FemaleAttemptsDifference_U-F:** the difference in
 the number of attempts made by female *E. pustulosus *that approached the
 conspicuous urban and the inconspicuous forest calls. Forest calls were
 subtracted from urban calls, resulting in positive numbers for sites in
 which they preferred urban, and negative numbers for sites in which they
 preferred the forest call. Zero indicated either no visits or no
 preference. **F_FemaleEstimated_Site:** cumulative estimated number of
 individuals of female *E. pustulosus* that visited each site.
 **F_FemaleEstimated_Forest:** cumulative estimated number of individuals
 of female *E. pustulosus* that visited plots broadcasting the
 inconspicuous forest male *E. pustulosus* call. ### Audio files
 W2sec_1.mp3 - synthesized simple call (with no chucks) with a two second
 inter-call duration. WC2sec_1.mp3 - synthesized complex call (with 1
 chuck) with a two second inter-call duration. WC3sec_1.mp3 - synthesized
 complex call (with 1 chuck) with a three second inter-call duration.
 WCC2sec_1.mp3 - synthesized complex call (with 2 chucks) with a two second
 inter-call duration. WCCC2sec_1.mp3 - synthesized complex call (with 3
 chucks) with a two second inter-call duration. ### Video files
 trachops_approach.mp4 - video showing examples of approaches from the
 predatory fringed-lipped bat (*Trachops cirrhosus*). female_approach.mp4 -
 video showing example of approach from a female túngara frog (*Engystomops
 pustulosus*).