cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.57760/sciencedb.28606
title: Data of uncontrolled withdrawal of control rods group accident analysis for VVER-1000 unit
title: VVER-1000机组控制棒组失控抽出事故分析结果数据集

description: This dataset presents the analysis results of an uncontrolled withdrawal of control rods group under minimum controlled power condition in the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) of a VVER-1000 reactor unit. Three-dimensional neutronics/thermal-hydraulics coupled code was employed in the study. The dataset includes the time-dependent variations of the following result parameters: neutron power, axial relative power distribution in the core hot channel assembly (#31), coolant flow rate in loops, PRZ pressure, PRZ spray flow rate, coolant temperature in hot legs of different loops, steam generator outlet pressure, maximum fuel temperature in axial layers of hot channels, DNBR in axial layers of hot channels, and maximum cladding temperature in axial layers of hot channels. This dataset can be used for related research in the field of accident safety analysis for VVER units.
description: This dataset presents the analysis results of an uncontrolled withdrawal of control rods group under minimum controlled power condition in the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) of a VVER-1000 reactor unit. Three-dimensional neutronics/thermal-hydraulics coupled code was employed in the study. The dataset includes the time-dependent variations of the following result parameters: neutron power, axial relative power distribution in the core hot channel assembly (#31), coolant flow rate in loops, PRZ pressure, PRZ spray flow rate, coolant temperature in hot legs of different loops, steam generator outlet pressure, maximum fuel temperature in axial layers of hot channels, DNBR in axial layers of hot channels, and maximum cladding temperature in axial layers of hot channels. This dataset can be used for related research in the field of accident safety analysis for VVER units.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqx8
title: Robustness of the Dorsal morphogen gradient with respect to morphogen dosage

description: In multicellular organisms, the timing and placement of gene expression in
 a developing tissue assigns the fate of each cell in the embryo in order
 for a uniform field of cells to differentiate into a reproducible pattern
 of organs and tissues. This positional information is often achieved
 through the action of spatial gradients of morphogens. Spatial patterns of
 gene expression are paradoxically robust to variations in morphogen
 dosage, given that, by definition, gene expression must be sensitive to
 morphogen concentration. In this work we investigate the robustness of the
 Dorsal/NF-κB signaling module with respect to perturbations to the dosage
 of maternally-expressed dorsal mRNA. The Dorsal morphogen gradient
 patterns the dorsal-ventral axis of the early Drosophila embryo, and we
 found that an empirical description of the Dorsal gradient is highly
 sensitive to maternal dorsal dosage. In contrast, we found experimentally
 that gene expression patterns are highly robust. Although the components
 of this signaling module have been characterized in detail, how their
 function is integrated to produce robust gene expression patterns to
 variations in the dorsal maternal dosage is still unclear. Therefore, we
 analyzed a mechanistic model of the Dorsal signaling module and found that
 Cactus, a cytoplasmic inhibitor for Dorsal, must be present in the nucleus
 for the system to be robust. Furthermore, active Toll, the receptor that
 dissociates Cactus from Dorsal, must be saturated. Finally, the vast
 majority of robust descriptions of the system require facilitated
 diffusion of Dorsal by Cactus. Each of these three recently-discovered
 mechanisms of the Dorsal module are critical for robustness. These
 mechanisms synergistically contribute to changing the amplitude and shape
 of the active Dorsal gradient, which is required for robust gene
 expression. Our work highlights the need for quantitative understanding of
 biophysical mechanisms of morphogen gradients in order to understand
 emergent phenotypes, such as robustness.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqcf
title: Data from: Chemo-mechanical characterisation of carious dentine using Raman microscopy and Knoop microhardness

description: One of the aims in the clinical operative management of dental carious
 lesions is to remove selectively, the highly infected and structurally
 denatured dentine tissue, while retaining the deeper, repairable affected
 and intact, healthy tissues for long-term mechanical strength. The present
 study examined the correlation of chemical functional groups and the
 microhardness through the different depths of a carious lesion using Raman
 spectroscopy and Knoop microhardness testing. The null hypothesis
 investigated was that there was no correlation between Raman peak ratios
 (amide I: phosphate ν1) and equivalent Knoop microhardness measurements.
 Ten freshly extracted human permanent teeth with carious dentine lesions
 were sectioned and examined using high-resolution Raman microscopy. The
 ratio of absorbency at the amide I and phosphate bands were calculated
 from 139 scan points through the depth of the lesions and correlated with
 139 juxtaposed Knoop microhardness indentations. The results indicated a
 high correlation (p&lt;0.01) between the peak ratio and the equivalent
 Knoop hardness within carious dentine lesions. This study concluded that
 Raman spectroscopy can be used as a non-invasive analytical technology for
 in-vitro studies to discriminant the hardness of carious dentine layers by
 using the peak ratio as an alternative to the invasive, mechanical Knoop
 hardness test.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m7dnu8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3616 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is Butterfly distribution records for the UK from Butterfly Conservation, up to 2019",
 "TaxonKey is Papilionidae",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1950"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3616 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002273-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.547d7wm57
title: Mechanisms of cyto-toxicity of chemical agents to giant cell tumor: an in-vitro study

description: Background:Various chemicals have been used as an adjuvant treatment for
 giant cell tumor (GCT). However, the comparative effect of these chemicals
 remains unclear. Methods:Cell line from GCT patients characterized by gene
 markers Nanog and Oct ¾ expression with RT-PCR was obtained. GCT cells
 were treated with H2O2 1%, 3%, 5% and ethanol 75%, 85%, 95% for 10 minutes
 and in vitro doses of H2O2 (0.003%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.03 %, 0.1%, 0.3%) for
 5 minutes and were incubated for 24 hours. Cell morphology, cell viability
 and cell toxicity were assessed. Results:Viability of GCT cells decreased
 significantly after exposure to the dose of H2O2 1% (p = 0.046), H2O2 3%
 (p = 0.043), and H2O2 5% (p = 0.043). There was no significant difference
 for cell viability between 1%, 3% and 5% H2O2 concentrations. While in in
 vitro doses, 0.3% H2O2 concentration has the best effectivity in
 sterilizing GCT. There was a phenomenon of cell fixation after exposure of
 GCT cells to ethanol. RT-PCR demonstrated a decrease in the expression of
 Oct 3/4 and Nanog genes along with an increase in the concentration of
 H2O2. Flowcytometry using Annexin V showed cell death due to necrosis,
 with the highest concentration amounted to 0.3% Conclusion: Giving local
 chemical adjuvants of H2O2 concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% in vitro had
 the same effectiveness in killing GCT cells. While the concentration of
 0.3% H2O2 for 5 minutes is the optimal therapy in GCT sterilization in
 vitro with necrosis cell death mechanism.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8ppj
title: Hooded crow genome assembly (PacBio long reads + BioNano optical maps + DoveTail HiC maps)

description: Structural variation (SV) is an important component of mutations providing
 the raw material for evolution. Here, we uncover the genome-wide spectrum
 of intra- and interspecific SV segregating in natural populations of seven
 songbird species in the genus Corvus. Combining short-read (N = 127) and
 long-read re-sequencing (N = 31), as well as optical mapping (N = 16), we
 apply both assembly- and read mapping approaches to detect SV and
 characterize a total of 220,452 insertions, deletions and inversions. We
 exploit sampling across wide phylogenetic timescales to validate SV
 genotypes and assess the contribution of SV to evolutionary processes in
 an avian model of incipient speciation. We reveal an evolutionary young
 (~530,000 years) cis-acting 2.25-kb retrotransposon insertion reducing
 expression of the NDP gene with consequences for premating isolation. Our
 results attest to the wealth and evolutionary significance of SV
 segregating in natural populations and highlight the need for reliable SV
 genotyping.
description: This dataset represents the reference assembly for the hooded
 crow (<em>Corvus (corone) cornix</em>) in this study. We
 de-novo assembled PacBio long-read data generated in Weissensteiner et al.
 2017, performed hybrid-scaffolding with BioNano optical mapping data from
 Weissensteiner et al. 2017 and scaffolded with newly generated HiC
 chromatin interaction mapping
 data. Corvus_cornix__S_Up_H32__genome__FALCON_UNZIP_arrow_polished_primary_contigs_Irys.v4.2_hybrid_scaffolds_HiRise_HiC_scaffolds_Irys.v4.2_hybrid_scaffolds_comparative_scaffolding__v5.5.fasta contains the primary contigs of the PacBio de novo assembly, scaffolded with BioNano optical maps and Dovetail HiC chromatin interaction maps.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70rxwdbtm
title: Power and punishment influence negotiations over parental care

description: Asymmetries in power, the ability to influence the outcome of conflict,
 are ubiquitous in social interactions because interacting individuals are
 rarely identical. It is well-documented that asymmetries in power
 influence the outcome of reproductive conflict in social groups. Yet power
 asymmetries have received little attention in the context of negotiations
 between caring parents, which is surprising given that parents are often
 markedly different in size. Here we built on an existing negotiation model
 to examine how power and punishment influence negotiations over care. We
 incorporated power asymmetry by allowing the more powerful parent, rank 1,
 to inflict punishment on the less powerful parent, rank 2. We then
 determined when punishment will be favored by selection and how it would
 affect the negotiated behavioral response of each parent. We found that
 with power and punishment, a reduction in one parent’s effort results in
 partial compensation by the other parent. However, the degree of
 compensation is asymmetric: the rank 2 compensates more than the rank 1.
 As a result, the fitness of rank 1 increases and the fitness of rank 2
 decreases, relative to the original negotiation model. Furthermore,
 because power and punishment enable one parent to extract greater effort
 from the other, offspring can do better, i.e. receive more total effort,
 when there is power and punishment involved in negotiations over care.
 These results reveal how power and punishment alter the outcome of
 conflict between parents and affect offspring, providing insights into the
 evolutionary consequences of exerting power in negotiations.
description: All Mathematica code used to generate figures
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.08kprr4zx
title: Geographic patterns of Lucanus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) species diversity and its environmental determinants in China

description: Clarifying the geographic patterns of species diversity and the
 determinant factors can provide essential information for species
 conservation and management. Stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) of
 Lucanus are important saproxylic insects and can be used for biomonitoring
 forests. Most of Lucanus species are facing conservation concerns due to
 their limited distribution and fragmented habitats, particularly in China,
 which has the richest species diversity of this genus. The distribution
 patterns of species diversity of Lucanus at large spatial scales remains
 portly understood. We studied the distribution patterns of Lucanus and its
 environmental and geographical determinants in China. Distribution data
 for 72 species and subspecies were examined. All these species are
 distributed in southern China except for Lucanus maculifemoratus
 dybowskyi, which is mainly distributed in north China. The hotspot
 for Lucanus in China is south-eastern Tibet. Our study indicated
 that the species richness of Lucanus in China was shaped by the
 precipitation of the wettest and driest month, net primary productivity,
 digital elevation model and latitude at a large scale. These variables
 collectively explained 56.2% of the variation in species richness;
 precipitation contributed the most (44.1%). Our results provide valuable
 insights to improve the conservation of Lucanus and can contribute to
 furthering our understanding of the biogeography of stag beetles in China.
description: The dataset contain distribution information of <em>Lucanus
 </em>species in China.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn8qs
title: Data for: Foraging speed and precision of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions: An experimental approach

description: To better understand the ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis,
 we need to measure functional traits of individual fungal virtual taxa
 under field conditions. The efficiency of AM fungi in locating
 nutrient-rich patches in soil space is one of their central traits in this
 symbiotic relationship. We used plots of a long-term field experiment in
 grassland with manipulated functional group composition of host plant
 community to establish ingrowth patches with substrate free of roots and
 fungi and with varying nutrient availability. Comparison of the original
 AM fungal community before patch creation with that present 9 weeks after
 patch establishment enabled us to estimate relative hyphal foraging speed
 for 41 fungal taxa, and a comparison of the fungal community in
 neighbouring patches differing in nutrient availability provided estimates
 of hyphal foraging precision for 22 taxa. Members of two dominant fungal
 families, Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae, differed in their foraging
 speed and precision. Glomeraceae taxa responded more slowly, but with a
 higher focus on enriched patches. We further demonstrated the usefulness
 of obtained fungal functional traits by testing the differences between
 grass and dicotyledonous plant hosts using a dataset obtained in another
 experiment at the same plots. Grass species hosted AM fungal communities
 with higher foraging speed, but lower foraging precision than the
 dicotyledonous species. Our study results support the use of field
 experiments for measuring comparative characteristics of AM fungi, which
 are highly elusive (or mis-represented) under controlled conditions.
description: We collected soil cores, separated roots from soil and used these
 two fractions for independent NGS. Further, we filled the cores with
 zeolite-based substrate and let the AMF hyphae to growth into them. After
 9 weeks of exposure, the substrate was again used for NGS.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2h9
title: Data from: The socially parasitic ant Polyergus mexicanus has host-associated genetic population structure and related neighboring nests

description: The genetic structure of populations can be both a cause and a consequence
 of ecological interactions. For parasites, genetic structure may be a
 consequence of preferences for host species or of mating behavior.
 Conversely, genetic structure can determine where conspecific interactions
 among parasites lay on a spectrum from cooperation to conflict. We used
 microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic structure of a population
 of the socially parasitic dulotic (aka “slave-making”) ant (Polyergus
 mexicanus), which is known for its host-specificity and conspecific
 aggression. First, we assessed whether the pattern of host species use by
 the parasite has influenced parasite population structure. We found that
 host species use was correlated with subpopulation structure, but this
 correlation was imperfect: some subpopulations used one host species
 exclusively, while others used several. Second, we examined the viscosity
 of the parasite population by measuring the relatedness of pairs of
 neighboring parasitic ant nests at varying distances from each other.
 Although natural history observations of local dispersal by queens
 suggested the potential for viscosity, there was no strong correlation
 between relatedness and distance between nests. However, 35% of nests had
 a closely related neighboring nest, indicating that kinship could
 potentially affect the nature of some interactions between nests of this
 social parasite. Our findings confirm that ecological forces like host
 species selection can shape the genetic structure of parasite populations,
 and that such genetic structure has the potential to influence
 parasite-parasite interactions in social parasites via inclusive fitness.
description: Zip file includes four csv files and a ReadMe pdf that describes
 each in detail.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnhd
title: Feline 63K SNP chip data originated from the domestic cat in Japan

description: Pedigreed cats have traditionally been mated with close relatives, which
 increases the risks for inbreeding depression and genetic disorders. We
 evaluated the genome-wide population structure and the degree of
 inbreeding of 1022 cats, including 13 pedigreed and two random bred
 populations from Japan and the USA, using single nucleotide polymorphism
 array-based data. 
description: Thirteen pedigreed and a random-bred populations from Japan were
 genotyped by using Infinium Feline 63k Iselect Dna Array (Illumina Inc.)
 to compare the USA population.
description: The data format is a Plink bed so you can use PLINK software (
 https://www.cog-genomics.org/plink/) to handle the data
 easilly.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rzgjhw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 35 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Amherstia nobilis",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 35 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002274-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.280gb5mmv
title: The apparent exponential radiation of Phanerozoic land vertebrates is an artefact of spatial sampling biases

description: There is no consensus about how terrestrial biodiversity was assembled
 through deep time, and in particular whether it has risen exponentially
 over the Phanerozoic. Using a database of 38,711 fossil occurrences, we
 show that the spatial extent of the ‘global’ terrestrial tetrapod fossil
 record itself expands exponentially through the Phanerozoic, and that this
 spatial variation explains around 75% of the variation in known fossil
 species counts. Controlling for this bias, we find that regional-scale
 terrestrial tetrapod diversity was constrained over timespans of tens to
 hundreds of millions of years, and similar patterns are recovered for
 major subgroups, such as dinosaurs, mammals and squamates. The
 Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction, 66 million years ago, fundamentally
 disrupted terrestrial ecosystems, catalysing an abrupt increase in its
 aftermath. Nevertheless, this was followed by general stasis and recent
 diversity levels do not exceed those of the Paleogene. These findings
 parallel those recovered in analyses of local community-level richness,
 suggesting that tetrapod beta diversity has also not shown a general
 increase through time. Taken together, our findings strongly contradict
 past studies that suggested unbounded diversity increases over the last
 100 million years.
description: Data processing steps are detailed in the Methods section of the
 paper.
description: Occurrence data were downloaded from the Paleobiology Database
 (www.paleobiodb.org). Paleobiology Database are licensed under a CC BY 4.0
 International License &lt;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/&gt;, but permission was received to archive this subset of data in Dryad under CC0 terms. For any subsequent use of this data, please also attribute the Paleobiology Database and the authors of the original records. The URLs for the downloads are all included in the dataset as text files, which are listed below. Aves_URL.txt<br> Cetacea_URL.txt<br> Chiroptera_URL.txt<br> Dinosauromorpha^Aves_URL.txt<br> Ichthyosauromorpha_URL.txt<br> Lissamphibia_URL.txt<br> Mosasauria_URL.txt<br> Pinnipedimorpha_URL.txt<br> Probainognathia^Chiroptera_URL.txt<br> Pseudosuchia_URL.txt<br> Pterosauromorpha_URL.txt<br> Sauropterygia_URL.txt<br> Sirenia_URL.txt<br> Squamata_URL.txt<br> Testudinata_URL.txt<br> Tetrapoda_coll_URL.txt<br> Tetrapoda^Aves^Chiroptera^Pterosauromorpha_URL.txt<br> Thalattosuchia_URL.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.866t1g1n6
title: Consequences of drought severity for tropical live oak (Quercus oleoides) in Mesoamerica

description: In two Costa Rican and three Honduran sites that vary in rainfall and soil
 properties, we used natural isotopes, a soil water balance model and
 climate-based drought indices to study shifts in water use with ontogeny
 from seedlings to mature tropical live oak (Quercus oleoides) trees. Water
 use patterns help to explain persistence of this broadly distributed
 species in Mesoamerica and to evaluate likely threats of on-going climate
 changes. At the end of dry seasons, soil d18O profiles can be described by
 one-phase exponential decay curves. Minimum values reflect geographic
 origins of the last significant rain event, and curvature is inversely
 related to the canopy closure, demonstrating its role in controlling
 topsoil evaporation. Partitioning of soil water sources for transpiration
 was analyzed with a mixing model. In the Costa Rican sites, in a
 relatively dry year, saplings and mature trees took up water from the
 upper soil. In a relatively wet year in the Honduran sites, we observed
 deeper water extraction. In all sites, soil storage dampens extreme
 variation in water availability. The size-dependence of water uptake with
 larger stems exploiting deeper layers is translated into variation in bulk
 leaf d13C-based WUE with the exception of mature trees. From 1932 -2015,
 drought severity was evaluated with the Standardized Precipitation
 Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) concurrently with simulations of the soil
 water balance model. Drought occurrence increased, regardless of the time
 period averaged across 6, 12 or 24 months. All ontogenetic stages in all
 populations experienced frequent water limitation. We found evidence for
 linear trends toward aridification with increases of return periods of
 drought for October SPEI-24 declining from 42 to 6 yr in Costa Rica and
 from 21 to 7 yr in Honduras and recent occurrence of multiyear droughts
 from 2013 to 2016. October SPEI-12 and SPEI-24 were significantly related
 to the Oceanic Niño Indices demonstrating that local inter-annual
 variations in drought severity in Mesoamerica are modulated by large-scale
 climate forces. Drought severity in the near-term future depends on the
 extent to which the Pacific will adopt a more La Niña-like vs. a more El
 Niño-like state under on-going climatic changes.
description: The methods have been detailed both in the paper and in
 supporting information
description: Measurements of bulk leaf delta13C; measurements of delta18O;
 simulations on a daily time step of soil and tree water potentials. See
 README files for details.