DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15853669
title: Values, beliefs, norms, and circular citizenship behaviours in a Dutch representative sample

description: Overview

We collected data of 484 participants among a Dutch representative sample, using Qualtrics as software and Panel Inzicht to collect responses.

Before the data collection, we specified our exclusion criteria (see https://osf.io/umh46). First, we excluded 37 respondents thjat were marked as potential bots or as straightliners through Qualtrics. Next, we excluded one respondent that did not indicate “yes” on the item asking the participant whether they paid full attention to the questionnaire and we could use their answers for the data analysis (“use me”-item). Additionally, we checked whether participants demonstrate insufficient effort responding (Huang et al., 2012) by examining participants’ intra-individual response variability (Dunn et al., 2018) and the completion time of the participants (i.e., less than 50% of the median time of the sample). Only one respondent was identified for IER but their completion time was not 50% below the sample’s median. Therefore, we did not exclude them. This left us with 446 participants for the data analysis. 

We forced responses to all items, to ensure respondents do not miss any items.

The questionnaire’s completion time was completed by most people in less than ten minutes (Median = 8.85 minutes, M = 29.89 minutes, SD = 165.20 minutes). 

Items

Values: We used the validated short value questionnaire based on (Steg et al., 2014) to measure values.

Below you will find 16 values. Behind each value, there is a short explanation concerning the meaning of the value.Could you please rate how important each value is for you as a guiding principle in your life?  The rating scale is as follows:-1 means the value is opposed to the principles that guide you0 means the value is not important at all; it is not relevant as a guiding principle in your life3 means the value is important7 means the value is of supreme importance as a guiding principle in your life;Ordinarily, there are no more than two such values.

Your scores can vary from -1 up to 7. The higher the number (-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), the more important the value is as a guiding principle in your life. Try to distinguish as much as possible between your ratings of the values by using different numbers. 



RESPECTING THE EARTH: harmony with other species (val_bio1)

UNITY WITH NATURE: fitting into nature (val_bio2)

PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT: preserving nature (val_bio3)

PREVENTING POLLUTION: protecting natural resources (val_bio4)

EQUALITY: equal opportunity for all (val_alt1)

A WORLD AT PEACE: free of war and conflict (val_alt2)

SOCIAL JUSTICE: correcting injustice, care for the weak (val_alt3)

HELPFUL: working for the welfare of others (val_alt4)

SOCIAL POWER: control over others, dominance (val_ego1)

WEALTH: material possessions, money (val_ego2)

AUTHORITY: the right to lead or command (val_ego3)

INFLUENTIAL: having an impact on people and events (val_ego4)

AMBITIOUS: hard working, aspiring (val_ego5)

PLEASURE: joy, gratification of desires (val_hed1)

ENJOYING LIFE: enjoying food, sex, leisure, etc. (val_hed2)

SELF-INDULGENT: doing pleasant things (val_hed3)


Problem awareness:

The following statements are about how you think the current way of production and consumption relates to environmental problems, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, waste, and pollution, and to social problems, such as that vulnerable groups who have contributed the least to environmental problems are suffering the most from the risks of climate change, such as floods and heatwaves.

 

Please select to which extent you agree with the following items.



The current way of production and consumption causes important environmental problems, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, waste, and pollution (PA1)

I worry about the environmental impacts caused by the current way of production and consumption (PA2)

Serious environmental problems, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, waste, and pollution are due to the current way of production and consumption (PA3)

Responses were given on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from (1) fully disagree to (7) fully agree. 


Ascription of responsibility:



I feel partly responsible for environmental problems that arise from the current way of production and consumption (AR1)

Not only the government and industry are responsible for environmental and social problems caused by the current way of production and consumption, but I am too (AR2)

I feel joint responsibility for environmental and social problems caused by the current way of production and consumption (AR3)

Responses were given on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from (1) fully disagree to (7) fully agree. 


Circular citizenship behaviors:

Please indicate how often you engage in the following behaviours to support reduced resource use and reusing or recycling of resources.



Volunteering at environmental organisations that urge decision makers  (in governments or companies) to support reducing, reusing, and recycling or influence the broader public to reduce, reuse, recycle (CCB_mix1)

Donating to environmental organisations that urge decision makers to support reducing, reusing, and recycling or influence the broader public to reduce, reuse, recycle (CCB_mix2)

Participating in circular initiatives that enable other people to reduce, reuse, or recycle, e.g. working in a repair café, organising a clothes swap, setting up a tool library, or creating a car sharing community (CCB_mix3)

Responses were given on a six-point scale, with the scale points (1) Never, (2) Very Rarely, (3) Rarely, (4) Occasionally, (5) Regularly, and (6) Frequently.


Please indicate how often you engage in the following behaviours to urge the local, regional, or national government to implement policies that support reducing, reusing, or recycling resources.



Protesting, joining public demonstrations, or participating in sit-ins, strikes or rallies to advocate for reducing, reusing, and recycling (CCB_gov1)

Signing a petition on the local, national, or international level to advocate for reducing, reusing, and recycling (CCB_gov2)

Writing letters to/emailing/phoning government officials (local/national/EU) to advocate for reducing, reusing, and recycling (CCB_gov3)

Voting for a candidate or political party (in local, national, EU elections) at least partly because they support reducing, reusing, and recycling (CCB_gov4)

Participating in the political system, for example, participating in public assemblies/hearings to advocate for reducing, reusing, and recycling (CCB_gov5)

Responses were given on a six-point scale, with the scale points (1) Never, (2) Very Rarely, (3) Rarely, (4) Occasionally, (5) Regularly, and (6) Frequently.


Please indicate how often you engage in the following behaviours to urge businesses to reduce, reuse, or recycle resources, for example, that they use less resources in their organisational processes or create products that use less resources and can easily be repaired and recycled.



Taking action to urge the company you work for to reduce, reuse, or recycle (CCB_busi1)

Investing in businesses to stir decision-making in favour of reducing, reusing, and recycling and to strengthen businesses and projects that reduce, reuse, or recycle (CCB_busi2)

Boycotting businesses that do not reduce their resource use, reuse, or recycle (CCB_busi3)

Responses were given on a six-point scale, with the scale points (1) Never, (2) Very Rarely, (3) Rarely, (4) Occasionally, (5) Regularly, and (6) Frequently.


Please indicate how often you engage in the following behaviours to motivate people around you, such as your friends, family members, or colleagues to reduce, reuse, or recycle, e.g. regarding how many new products they buy, whether they buy second hand, repair broken items, or turn old products in to be recycled.



Setting a good example on how to reduce, reuse, and/or recycle (CCB_ind1)

Sharing information with other people about the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling resources and on how they can do(CCB_ind2)

Sharing information with other people about how they can reduce, reuse, and/or recycle (CCB_ind3)

Motivating other people to reduce, reuse, and/or recycle (CCB_ind4)

Asking other people to reduce, reuse, and/or recycle (CCB_ind5)

Complimenting other people when they reduce, reuse, and/or recycle (CCB_ind6)

Pointing out to people when they use resources wastefully or do not reuse and/or recycle (CCB_ind7)

Asking other people how they use less resources and what products they reuse and/or recycle (CCB_ind8)

Informing and motivating people online (e.g. through posting messages or links on social media) to reduce, reuse, and/or recycle (CCB_ind9)

Responses were given on a six-point scale, with the scale points (1) Never, (2) Very Rarely, (3) Rarely, (4) Occasionally, (5) Regularly, and (6) Frequently.


Self-efficacy:

The following statements are about urging others, such as the local, regional, or national government, businesses, or friends/family/colleagues, to take actions to use less resources, reuse existing products, and recycle resources.

Please select to which extent you agree with the following statements.



I feel confident that I can take actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle if I want to (SE1)

I feel capable of taking actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (SE2)

It is within my control whether or not I take actions to urge gothers to reduce, reuse, and recycle (SE3)

Responses were given on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from (1) fully disagree to (7) fully agree. 


Outcome efficacy:



I can reduce environmental and social problems by taking actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (OE1)

I think it is useful to take actions to others to reduce, reuse, and recycle in order to reduce environmental and social problems (OE2)

I think I can contribute to reducing environmental and social problems by taking actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (OE3)

Responses were given on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from (1) fully disagree to (7) fully agree. 


Personal norms:

Please select to which extent you agree with the following statements.



I feel personally responsible to take actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (PN1)

I feel morally obliged to take actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (PN2)

I act according to my principles by taking actions to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (PN3)

It is my moral ideal to urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (PN4)

I would violate my principles if I did not urge others to reduce, reuse, and recycle (PN5)

Responses were given on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from (1) fully disagree to (7) fully agree.