DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5n72m
title: Data from: Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity

description: Understanding how new life forms originate is a central question in
 biology. Population divergence is usually studied with respect to how
 single lineages diverge into daughter taxa. However, populations may not
 always differentiate in isolation; divergence of one taxon could create
 new niche opportunities in higher trophic levels, leading to the
 sequential origin of many new taxa. Here, we show that this may be
 occurring for three species of parasitoid wasps attacking Rhagoletis fruit
 flies. As flies shift and adapt to new host plants, wasps follow suit and
 diverge in kind, resulting in a multiplicative increase of diversity as
 the effects of ecologically based divergent selection cascade through the
 ecosystem. Biodiversity therefore may potentially beget increasing levels
 of biodiversity.
description: Table 1. Collecting
 SitesCollecting sites
 analyzed in the studyTable 2. Microsatellite
 Loci DetailsList of microsatellites
 genotyped in the study and oligonucleotide primer pairs (forward and
 reverse) used to PCR amplify loci.Table 3. Microsatellite
 allele frequencies for Utetes canaliculatusMicrosatellite allele
 frequencies for U. canaliculatus attacking different Rhagoletis hosts
 (hawthorn, apple, snowberry, and flowering dogwood flies) at nine sites
 designated 1-9 in the eastern U.S.Table 4. Microsatellite
 Allele Frequencies for Diachasmimorpha melleaMicrosatellite allele
 frequencies for D. mellea attacking different Rhagoletis hosts (hawthorn,
 apple, blueberry, and black cherry flies) at at four sites designated 1,
 2, 3 & 6 in the eastern U.S.Table 5. Results From
 Host Fruit Odor Discrimination of D. mellea and U.
 canaliculatusResults from host fruit
 odor discrimination assays conducted in a Y-tube olfactometer for U.
 canaliculatus and D. mellea.Table 6. Results From
 Cross-reared D. alloeum Host Odor DiscriminationResults from host fruit
 odor discrimination assays conducted in a Y-tube olfactometer where
 individual hawthorn origin and blueberry origin D. alloeum were reared for
 a single generation through a non-natal apple host plant and the apple
 infesting host race of R. pomonella host fliesTable 7. The Site of
 Mating Assembly For U. canaliculatus and D. mellea.The site of mating
 assembly for U. canaliculatus and D. mellea.Table 8. Eclosion timing
 for flies and waspsThe number of days to
 eclosion following post-winter heating for different host associated
 populations of flies in the Rhagoletis pomonella sibling species complex
 and the parasitoid wasps that attack the flies (U. canaliculatus and D.
 mellea).Table 9. Longevity
 Estimates for U. canaliculatus and D. melleaEstimates of longevity
 of adult D. mellea and U. canaliculatus.Table 10. Genotypes x
 Eclosion Timing for U. canaliculatusRaw genotype scores for
 individual U. canaliculatus attacking sympatric pairs of hawthorn and
 apple flies across 20 loci (labeled UC08-UC061) used in two-way
 ANOVA's to test for associations with eclosion
 timing.Table 11. Genotypes x
 Eclosion Timing for D. melleaRaw genotype scores for
 individual D. mellea attacking sympatric pairs of hawthorn and apple flies
 across 21 loci (labeled DM01-DM65) used in two-way ANOVA's to test
 for associations with eclosion timing.