DOI: 10.15468/dl.khk5j6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 654000 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Oxytropis xerophila Gutermann, Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm.) N.Busch, Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc., Paederota bonarota (L.) L., Paederota lutea Scop., Paeonia anomala L., Paeonia broteroi Boiss. & Reut., Paeonia caucasica (Schipcz.) Schipcz., Paeonia clusii F.C.Stearn, Paeonia clusii subsp. clusii, Paeonia clusii subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoud., Paeonia corsica Sieber ex Tausch, Paeonia daurica Andrews, Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill., Paeonia mascula subsp. mascula, Paeonia mascula subsp. russoi (Biv.) Cullen & Heywood, Paeonia officinalis L., Paeonia officinalis subsp. banatica (Rochel) Soó, Paeonia officinalis subsp. huthii Soldano, Paeonia officinalis subsp. microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman, Paeonia officinalis subsp. officinalis, Paeonia peregrina Mill., Paeonia tenuifolia L., Palimbia rediviva (Pall.) Thell., Paliurus spina-christi Mill., Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter, Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass., Pallenis spinosa subsp. spinosa, Pancratium foetidum Pomel, Pancratium illyricum L., Pancratium maritimum L., Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash ex Rydb., Panicum capillare L., Panicum capillare L., Panicum capillare subsp. capillare, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Panicum hillmanii Chase, Panicum hygrocharis Steud., Panicum miliaceum L., Panicum miliaceum subsp. agricola H.Scholz & Mikoláš, Panicum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum, Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzelev, Panicum repens L., Panicum riparium H.Scholz, Panicum schinzii Hack., Papaver ×hungaricum Borbás, Papaver albiflorum (Elkan) Pacz., Papaver alpinum L., Papaver alpinum L., Papaver apulum Ten., Papaver argemone L., Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss., Papaver aurantiacum Loisel., Papaver bracteatum Lindl., Papaver corona-sancti-stephani Zapal., Papaver croceum Ledeb., Papaver degenii (Urum. & Jáv.) Pignatti, Papaver dubium L., Papaver dubium L., Papaver dubium subsp. austromoravicum (Kubát) Hörandl, Papaver dubium subsp. confine (Jord.) Hörandl, Papaver dubium subsp. dubium, Papaver ernesti-mayeri (Markgr.) Fen., Papaver fugax Poir., Papaver kerneri Hayek, Papaver laevigatum M.Bieb., Papaver lapponicum (Tolm.) Nordh., Papaver lecoqii La Motte, Papaver nigrotinctum Fedde, Papaver nudicaule L., Papaver occidentale (Markgr.) H.E.Hess, Landolt & Hirzel, Papaver oreophilum Rupr., Papaver orientale L., Papaver pinnatifidum Moris, Papaver purpureomarginatum Kadereit, Papaver radicatum Rottb. ex DC., Papaver rhaeticum Leresche ex Gremli, 1893, Papaver rhoeas L., Papaver rhoeas L., Papaver rhoeas subsp. rhoeas, Papaver sendtneri A.Kern. ex Hayek, Papaver setigerum DC., Papaver somniferum L., Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum, Papaver tatricum (A.Nyár.) Ehrend. ex Soó, Papaver victoris Skornik & Wraber, Paracolpodium colchicum (Albov) Tzvelev, Paradisea liliastrum (L.) Bertol., Paragymnopteris marantae (L.) K.H.Shing, Paramoltkia doerfleri (Wettst.) Greuter & Burdet, Parapholis filiformis (Roth) C.E.Hubb., Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb., Parapholis marginata Runemark, Parapholis pycnantha (Hack.) C.E.Hubb., Parapholis strigosa (Dumort.) C.E.Hubb., Parasenecio hastatus (L.) H.Koyama, Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel, Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia, Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel, Parietaria cretica L., Parietaria judaica L., Parietaria lusitanica L., Parietaria lusitanica subsp. chersonensis (A.F.Láng & Szov.) Chrtek, Parietaria lusitanica subsp. lusitanica, Parietaria lusitanica subsp. serbica (Pancic) P.W.Ball, Parietaria mauritanica Durieu, Parietaria officinalis L., Parietaria officinalis L., Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd., Paris incompleta M.Bieb., Paris quadrifolia L., Parkinsonia aculeata L., Parnassia palustris L., Paronychia albanica Chaudhri, Paronychia argentea Lam., Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam., Paronychia cephalotes (M.Bieb.) Besser, Paronychia chionaea Boiss., Paronychia cymosa (L.) DC., Paronychia echinulata Chater, Paronychia kapela (Hacq.) A.Kern., Paronychia kapela subsp. galloprovincialis Kupfer, Paronychia kapela subsp. kapela, Paronychia kapela subsp. serpyllifolia (Chaix) Graebn., Paronychia macedonica Chaudhri, Paronychia macrosepala Boiss., Paronychia polygonifolia (Vill.) DC., Paronychia suffruticosa (L.) DC., Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch., Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch., Parvotrisetum myrianthum (Bertol.) Chrtek, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Paspalum distichum L., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Passiflora caerulea L., Pastinaca armena Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Pastinaca hirsuta Pancic, Pastinaca kochii Duby, Pastinaca kochii subsp. kochii, Pastinaca pimpinellifolia M.Bieb., Pastinaca sativa L., Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa, Pastinaca sativa subsp. urens (Req. ex Godr.) Celak., Patzkea coerulescens (Desf.) H.Scholz, Patzkea durandoi (Clauson) G.H.Loos, Patzkea durandoi subsp. fontqueri (Rivas Ponce & Cebolla) H.Scholz, Patzkea durandoi subsp. livida (Hack.) H.Scholz, Patzkea paniculata (L.) G.H.Loos, Patzkea paniculata (L.) G.H.Loos, Patzkea paniculata subsp. longiglumis (Litard.) H.Scholz, Patzkea paniculata subsp. macrostachys (Llamas, Acedo, Penas & Pérez Morales) H.Scholz, Patzkea paniculata subsp. multispiculata (Rivas Ponce & Cebolla) H.Scholz, Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata, Patzkea spadicea (L.) G.H.Loos, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud., Pedicularis acaulis Scop., Pedicularis ascendens Schleich. ex Gaudin, Pedicularis asparagoides Lapeyr., Pedicularis asplenifolia Flörke ex Willd., Pedicularis baumgartenii Simonk., Pedicularis brachyodonta Schloss. & Vuk., Pedicularis capitata Adams, Pedicularis caucasica M.Bieb., Pedicularis cenisia Gaudin, Pedicularis comosa L., Pedicularis comosa subsp. campestris (Griseb. & Schenk) Soó, Pedicularis comosa subsp. comosa, Pedicularis condensata M.Bieb., Pedicularis crassirostris Bunge, Pedicularis dasyantha Hadac, Pedicularis dasystachys Schrenk, Pedicularis elegans Ten., Pedicularis elongata A.Kern., Pedicularis elongata subsp. julica (E.Mayer) Hartl, Pedicularis exaltata Besser, Pedicularis flammea L., Pedicularis foliosa L., Pedicularis foliosa L., Pedicularis friderici-augusti Tommas., Pedicularis gyroflexa Vill., Pedicularis hacquetii Graf, Pedicularis heterodonta Pančić ex Janka, Pedicularis hirsuta L., Pedicularis hoermanniana K.Malý, Pedicularis kaufmannii Pinzger, Pedicularis kerneri Dalla Torre, Pedicularis lanata Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl., Pedicularis lapponica L., Pedicularis leucodon Griseb., Pedicularis limnogena A.Kern., Pedicularis mixta Gren., Pedicularis nordmanniana Bunge, Pedicularis oederi Vahl, Pedicularis orthantha Griseb., Pedicularis palustris L., Pedicularis palustris subsp. opsiantha (Ekman) Almq., Pedicularis palustris subsp. palustris, Pedicularis petiolaris Ten., Pedicularis physocalyx Bunge, Pedicularis portenschlagii Saut. ex Rchb., Pedicularis pyrenaica Gay, Pedicularis pyrenaica subsp. pyrenaica, Pedicularis recutita L., Pedicularis resupinata L., Pedicularis rosea Wulfen, Pedicularis rosea subsp. allionii (Rchb.fil.) E.Mayer, Pedicularis rosea subsp. rosea, Pedicularis rostratocapitata Crantz, Pedicularis rostratocapitata subsp. rostratocapitata, Pedicularis rostratospicata Crantz, Pedicularis rostratospicata subsp. helvetica (Steininger) O.Schwarz, Pedicularis rostratospicata subsp. rostratospicata, Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L., Pedicularis schizocalyx (Lange) Steininger, Pedicularis sibirica Vved., Pedicularis sibirica subsp. uralensis (Vved.) Ivanina, Pedicularis sibthorpii Boiss., Pedicularis sudetica Willd., Pedicularis sudetica subsp. sudetica, Pedicularis sylvatica L., Pedicularis sylvatica subsp. lusitanica (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout., Pedicularis sylvatica subsp. sylvatica, Pedicularis tuberosa L., Pedicularis tuberosa L., Pedicularis verticillata L., Peganum harmala L., Peltaria alliacea Jacq., Peltaria angustifolia DC., Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H.Bailey, Periballia involucrata (Cav.) Janka, Peridictyon sanctum (Janka) Seberg, Fred. & Baden, Periploca angustifolia Labill., Periploca graeca L., Persicaria ×pseudolapathum (Schur) D.H.Kent, Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray, Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross, Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson, Persicaria dubia (Stein ex A.Braun) Fourr., Persicaria foliosa (H.Lindb.) Kitag., Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray, Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. brittingeri (Opiz) Soják, Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. lapathifolia, Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. leptoclada (Danser) Wissk., Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. pallida (With.) Á.Löve, Persicaria laxiflora Nakai, Persicaria maculosa Gray, Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz, Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach, Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.Gómez, Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják, Petagnaea gussonei (Spreng.) Rauschert, Petasites ×rechingeri Hayek, Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn., Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr., Petasites hybridus (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb., Petasites hybridus subsp. hybridus, Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex Bercht., Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg., Petasites pyrenaicus (L.) G.López, Petasites radiatus (J.F.Gmel.) J.Toman, Petasites spurius (Retz.) Rchb., Petrocallis pyrenaica (L.) W.T.Aiton, Petrocoptis pyrenaica (Bergeret) A.Braun ex Walp., Petrocoptis pyrenaica subsp. glaucifolia (Lag.) P.Monts. & Fern.Casas, Petromarula pinnata (L.) A.DC., Petrorhagia candica P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia dianthoides (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G.López & Romo, Petrorhagia fasciculata (Margot & Reut.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia glumacea (Bory & Chaub.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia illyrica (Ard.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. haynaldiana (Janka) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. taygetea (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link, Petrorhagia thessala (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, Petroselinum crispum subsp. crispum, Petrosimonia brachiata (Pall.) Bunge, Petrosimonia glauca (Pall.) Bunge, Petrosimonia litwinowii Korsh., Petrosimonia oppositifolia (Pall.) Litv., Petrosimonia triandra (Pall.) Simonk., Petteria ramentacea (Sieber) C.Presl, Petunia ×atkinsiana D.Don ex Loudon, Peucedanum aegopodioides (Boiss.) Vandas, Peucedanum alpinum (Sieber ex Schult.) B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis, Peucedanum austriacum (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch, Peucedanum austriacum (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch, Peucedanum caucasicum (M.Bieb.) K.Koch, Peucedanum cervaria (L.) Lapeyr., Peucedanum coriaceum Rchb., Peucedanum gallicum Latourr., Peucedanum gallicum Latourr., Peucedanum hispanicum Endl. ex Walp., Peucedanum lancifolium Hoffmanns. & Link ex Lange, Peucedanum longifolium Waldst. & Kit., Peucedanum officinale L., Peucedanum officinale subsp. paniculatum (Loisel.) R.Frey, Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench, Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J.Koch, Peucedanum rablense (Wulfen) W.D.J.Koch, Peucedanum rochelianum Heuff., Peucedanum ruthenicum M.Bieb., Peucedanum venetum (Spreng.) W.D.J.Koch, Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Phagnalon pygmaeum (Sieber) Greuter, Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC., Phagnalon rupestre subsp. graecum (Boiss. ex Heldr.) Hayek, Phagnalon rupestre subsp. illyricum (H.Lindb.) Ginzb., Phagnalon rupestre subsp. rupestre, Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass., Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass., Phagnalon sordidum (L.) Rchb., Phalacrachena inuloides (Fisch. ex Nyman) Iljin, Phalacrocarpum oppositifolium (Brot.) Willk., Phalacrocarpum oppositifolium subsp. anomalum (Lag.) Vogt & Greuter, Phalaris aquatica L., Phalaris brachystachys Link, Phalaris canariensis L., Phalaris coerulescens Desf., Phalaris minor Retz., Phalaris paradoxa L., Phalaris truncata Guss. ex Bertol., Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert, Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. arundinacea, Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. oehleri (Pilg.) Valdés & H.Scholz, Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. rotgesii (Husn.) Valdés & H.Scholz, Phaseolus coccineus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt, Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel, Phelipanche arenaria (Borkh.) Pomel, Phelipanche lanuginosa (C.A.Mey.) Holub, Phelipanche lavandulacea (Rchb.) Pomel, Phelipanche mutelii (F.W.Schultz) Pomel, Phelipanche nana (Noë ex Rchb.) Soják, Phelipanche oxyloba (Reut.) Soják, Phelipanche purpurea (Jacq.) Soják, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, Phelipanche schultzii (Mutel) Pomel, Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Philadelphus ×lemoinei Lemoine, Philadelphus coronarius L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Phippsia algida (Sol.) R.Br., Phippsia algida subsp. algida, Phippsia algida subsp. concinna (Th.Fr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve, Phleum alpinum L., Phleum alpinum L., Phleum arenarium L., Phleum arenarium subsp. caesium H.Scholz, Phleum crypsoides (d'Urv.) Hack., Phleum echinatum Host, Phleum exaratum Griseb., Phleum exaratum subsp. aegaeum (Vierh.) Dogan, Phleum hirsutum Honck., Phleum montanum K.Koch, Phleum nodosum L., Phleum paniculatum Huds., Phleum phleoides (L.) H.Karst., Phleum pratense L., Phleum pratense L., Phleum pratense subsp. brachystachyum (Salis) Gamisans, Phleum pratense subsp. pratense, Phleum rhaeticum (Humphries) Rauschert, Phleum sardoum Hack. ex Franch., Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn., Phleum subulatum subsp. ciliatum (Boiss.) Humphries, Phlomis cretica C.Presl, Phlomis floccosa D.Don, Phlomis fruticosa L., Phlomis herba-venti L., Phlomis herba-venti subsp. herba-venti, Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps, Phlomis hybrida Zelen., Phlomis lanata Willd., Phlomis lychnitis L., Phlomis purpurea L., Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Lag. ex Benth., Phlomis samia L., Phlomis tenorei Soldano, Phlomis tuberosa L., Phlox paniculata L., Phlox sibirica L., Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, Pholiurus pannonicus (Host) Trin., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Phragmites australis subsp. australis, Phragmites australis subsp. chrysanthus (Mabille) Kerguélen, Phragmites frutescens H.Scholz, Phygelius capensis E.Mey. ex Benth., Phyla canescens (Kunth) Greene, Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene, Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab., Phyllolepidum rupestre (Sweet) Trinajstić, Physalis angulata L., Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M.Martínez, Physalis peruviana L., Physalis philadelphica Lam., Physalis pubescens L., Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim., Physochlaina orientalis (M.Bieb.) G.Don, Physoplexis comosa (L.) Schur, Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC., Physospermum verticillatum (Waldst. & Kit.) Vis., Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth., Phyteuma betonicifolium Vill., Phyteuma betonicifolium Vill., Phyteuma charmelii Vill., Phyteuma confusum A.Kern., Phyteuma cordatum Balb., Phyteuma gallicum Rich.Schulz, Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternb. & Hoppe, Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternb. & Hoppe, Phyteuma hedraianthifolium Rich.Schulz, Phyteuma hemisphaericum L., Phyteuma humile Schleich. ex Gaudin, Phyteuma michelii All., Phyteuma nigrum F.W.Schmidt, Phyteuma orbiculare L., Phyteuma orbiculare L., Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. orbiculare, Phyteuma ovatum Honck., Phyteuma persicifolium Hoppe, Phyteuma scheuchzeri All., Phyteuma scheuchzeri All., Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae (E.Thomas) Bech., Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. scheuchzeri, Phyteuma scorzonerifolium Vill., Phyteuma serratum Viv., Phyteuma sieberi Spreng., Phyteuma spicatum L., Phyteuma spicatum subsp. spicatum, Phyteuma tenerum Rich.Schulz, Phyteuma tetramerum Schur, Phyteuma vagneri A.Kern., Phyteuma villarsii Rich.Schulz, Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Phytolacca americana L., Phytolacca dioica L., Picea fennica (Regel) Kom., Picea abies (L.) H.Karst., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea jezoensis subsp. jezoensis, Picea laxa (Münchh.) Sarg., Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al., Picea obovata Ledeb., Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk., Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm., Picea pungens Engelm., Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière, Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass., Picris hieracioides L., Picris hieracioides subsp. grandiflora (Ten.) Arcang., Picris hieracioides subsp. hieracioides, Picris hieracioides subsp. spinulosa (Bertol. ex Guss.) Arcang., Picris hieracioides subsp. umbellata (Schrank) Ces., Picris hispanica (Willd.) P.D.Sell, Picris hispidissima (Bartl.) W.D.J.Koch, Picris pauciflora Willd., Picris pauciflora Willd., Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf., Picris scaberrima Guss., Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., Pilosella abakurae (Schelk. & Zahn) Soják, Pilosella acutifolia (Vill.) Arv.-Touv., Pilosella alpicola (Hoppe) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip., Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip., Pilosella aurantiaca subsp. aurantiaca, Pilosella aurantiaca subsp. decolorans (Fr.) T.Tyler, Pilosella auriculoides (Láng) Arv.-Touv., Pilosella bauhini (Schult.) Arv.-Touv., Pilosella bauhini subsp. bauhini, Pilosella bauhini subsp. magyarica (Peter) S.Bräut., Pilosella bifurca (M.Bieb.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip., Pilosella blyttiana (Fr.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip., Pilosella brachycoma (Nägeli & Peter) H.P.Fuchs, Pilosella breviscapa (DC.) Soják, Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) P.D.Sell & C.West, Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) P.D.Sell & C.West, Pilosella calodon (Tausch ex Peter) Soják, Pilosella calomastix (Peter) Soják, Pilosella castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip., Pilosella corymbuloides (Arv.-Touv.) S.Bräut. & Greuter, Pilosella cymiflora (Nägeli & Peter) S.Bräut. & Greuter, Pilosella cymosa (L.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip.)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)",
 "DatasetKey is one of (Pl@ntNet automatically identified occurrences, Pl@ntNet observations, iNaturalist Research-grade Observations, Observation.org, Nature data from around the World, naturgucker, Artportalen (Swedish Species Observation System), Norwegian Species Observation Service, Programme d'observation naturaliste participative avec l'application mobile INPN Espèces - Application INPN Espèces: Observations naturalistes, participatives et opportunistes, fondées sur des photographies, Species recordings from the Danish National portal Arter.dk, Lajitietokeskus/FinBIF - Notebook, general observations, Vascular plant records verified via iRecord, iRecord Surveys)",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 250",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2013"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 654000 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0224776-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.