DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1k8
title: Data from: The impacts of climate change, energy policy, and traditional ecological practices on future firewood availability for Diné (Navajo) People

description: These data are part of a data portal that accompanies the special issue
 ‘Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture,’ published in
 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B in 2023. To access the
 data portal, please visit https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4. The
 files consist of the code of an agent-based model (ABM) in a NetLogo,
 detailed documentation of the ABM in a standard format, and a table of
 data exported from the simulation experiment reported on in the paper. By
 downloading the Netlogo file, one could not only rerun the experiment we
 report on and recreate the data table but toggle parameters or edit the
 model to explore other dynamics.
description: To understand complex emergent
 patterns in how changes in the supply of woody biomass, increasing levels
 of demand driven by energy transitions, and adherence to IEK impact the
 pinyon-juniper woodlands and household energy security for wood haulers,
 we employ an agent-based model (ABM) approach<sup>1,2,3</sup>.
 Using Netlogo<sup>4</sup>, we constructed the ABM to enable
 interactions between tree populations and firewood harvesting dynamics
 where we examine the effect of a range of levels of adherence to the
 indigenous ecological knowledge-informed (IEK) practice of harvesting only
 dead trees, as demand and supply varies. The Overview, Design Concepts,
 and Details summary (ODD)<sup> 5,6,7</sup>. Key independent
 variables in the model are IEK (valuation of live-wood), demand (impact of
 addition or loss of alternate energy streams), and climate-driven supply.
 Climate-driven supply is estimated as the impact on live-biomass resulting
 from three possible CO2 emission scenarios; 1) stable supply, 2) supply
 diminished to an extent possible in a low climate change scenario (the
 dashed line in figure 1), and 3) supply diminished to the extent possible
 in a high climate change scenario (the solid line in figure 1). Section
 3.1 in the ODD offers greater detail on how climate-change-induced
 decreases in biomass are operationalized in the ABM.  The model is trained with empirical
 observations and community-reported information including which species
 are the primary focus of firewood harvest and the average amount of wood
 needed per year<sup>8</sup>. Validation of the model was
 conducted by observing the minimum time intervals required for each state
 to reach equilibrium and choosing those parameters as reasonable for model
 runs. Additional validation measures involved perturbing variables beyond
 designed ranges and observing whether model outcomes violated theoretical
 expectations. Further details about model validation are given in the ODD.
 Due to stochasticity in woodland initiation, tree recruitment, tree death,
 and tree growth, 100 model runs are conducted for each combination of the
 independent variables: 1) level of adherence to IEK, 2) variation in
 demand for firewood, and 3) variation in firewood supply. The experiment
 therefore consists of 270 model runs. Outputs from the model runs were
 compiled into comma-delimited values and provided in the attached data
 table. <sup>1</sup>An, L., Grimm, V.,
 Sullivan, A., Turner II, B. L., Malleson, N., Heppenstall, A., Vincenot,
 C., Robinson, D., Ye, X., Liu, J., Lindkvist, E., & Tang, W.
 (2021). Challenges, tasks, and opportunities in modeling agent-based
 complex systems. Ecological Modelling, 457, 109685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109685 <sup>2</sup>Kohler, T. A., & Gumerman, G. G. (2000). <em>Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent-Based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes</em>. Oxford University Press. <sup>3</sup>Railsback, S. F., & Harvey, B. C. (2020). Modeling Populations of Adaptive Individuals. Princeton University Press. <sup>4</sup>Wilensky, U. (1999). <em>Netlogo</em> [Computer software]. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/ <sup>5</sup>Grimm, V., Berger, U., Bastiansen, F., Eliassen, S., Ginot, V., Giske, J., Goss-Custard, J., Grand, T., Heinz, S. K., Huse, G., & others. (2006). A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. <em>Ecological Modelling</em>, <em>198</em>(1–2), 115–126. <sup>6</sup>Grimm, V., Berger, U., DeAngelis, D. L., Polhill, J. G., Giske, J., & Railsback, S. F. (2010). The ODD protocol: A review and first update. <em>Ecological Modelling</em>, <em>221</em>(23), 2760–2768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.019 <sup>7</sup>Grimm, V., Railsback, S. F., Vincenot, C. E., Berger, U., Gallagher, C., DeAngelis, D. L., Edmonds, B., Ge, J., Giske, J., Groeneveld, J., Johnston, A. S. A., Milles, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Polhill, J. G., Radchuk, V., Rohwäder, M.-S., Stillman, R. A., Thiele, J. C., & Ayllón, D. (2020). The ODD Protocol for Describing Agent-Based and Other Simulation Models: A Second Update to Improve Clarity, Replication, and Structural Realism. <em>Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation</em>, <em>23</em>(2), 7. <sup>8</sup>Magargal, K., Yellowman, J., Chee, S., Wabel, M., Macfarlan, S., & Codding, B. (2023). Firewood and energy sovereignty on Navajo Nation. <em>Human Ecology</em>, <em>51</em>(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-023-00411-2
description: # Data from: The impacts of climate change, energy policy, and traditional
 ecological practices on future firewood availability for Diné (Navajo)
 People
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1k8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1k8) Give a brief summary of dataset contents, contextualized in experimental procedures and results. ## Description of the data and file structure Three files are provided here. 1. ESM1\_firewoodpjharvest.nlogo: The code of the agent-based model, written in NetLogo format. 2. ESM2\_ODD.docx: Overview, Design Concepts, and Details summary (ODD) for the Netlogo file. 3. ESM3\_ABMexperimentdata\_100iterations.csv: A comma-delimited data table containing the data output of 100 model runs of the ABM. The columns represent variables defined in the ABM, described briefly below. Further detail is located in the code and ODD. **Variables:** * need – the amount of wood energy needed by foragers in the model in kilojoules * Live\_wood\_energy – the proportion of live wood harvested in the model run, here used to approximate the level of adherence to Indigenous Ecological Knowledge * Clim\_Change\_Scenario – which of the three scenarios (Stable, Low\_Emission, High\_Emission) is used the model run. The climate scenario impacts the growth of biomass. * prop\_met\_need – proportion of foragers meeting their need during a model run * mean\_dist – the mean distance traveled by foragers per foraging trip, in arbitrary grid units * mean\_tripno – the mean number of firewood harvest trips taken by foragers in the model run * mean\_energy – mean energy harvested per forager per tick in kilojoules * mean\_kgwood - mean amount of wood harvested per forager per tick in kilograms * live\_p\_biomass\_mean - total sum of live pinyon biomass (in the forest) per tick in megagrams in kilograms * standdead\_p\_biomass\_mean - total sum of standing deadwood pinyon biomass per tick in kilograms * fallen\_p\_biomass\_mean - total sum of fallen deadwood pinyon biomass per tick in kilograms * live\_j\_biomass\_mean - total sum of live juniper biomass (in the forest) per tick in kilograms * standdead\_j\_biomass\_mean - total sum of standing deadwood juniper biomass per tick in kilograms * fallen\_j\_biomass\_mean - total sum of fallen deadwood juniper biomass per tick in kilograms * mean\_num\_p\_live - average number of living pinyon trees while foragers are foraging per tick * mean\_num\_j\_live - average number of living juniper trees while foragers are foraging per tick * mean\_num\_p\_standdead - average number of standing dead pinyon trees while foragers are foraging per tick * mean\_num\_j\_standdead - average number of standing dead juniper trees while foragers are foraging per tick * mean\_num\_p\_fallen - average number of fallen dead pinyon trees while foragers are foraging per tick * mean\_num\_j\_fallen - average number of fallen dead juniper trees while foragers are foraging per tick * no\_trees - how many ticks in a run had zero trees (in any condition) * mean\_age\_p - average age of pinyons per tick in years (each tick is a year) * mean\_age\_j - average age of junipers per tick years (each tick is a year) ## Sharing/Access information There are no restrictions on data sharing or access. ## Code/Software The file ESM1\_firewoodpjharvest.nlogo was written in NetLogo version 6.3.0. Further development and documentation on the model can be found at the GitHub page ([https://github.com/wilsonkurt/pjwoodlands](https://github.com/wilsonkurt/pjwoodlands)).