DOI: 10.34894/e7mvox
title: Economic Transformation Database of Transition Economies
title: Structural Change Database, release December 2023
title: ETD-TE 2023

description: The Economic Transformation Database of Transition Economies [ETD-TE] provides a balanced panel of internationally comparable sectoral data on output and employment in fourteen former-Soviet Republics. The ETD-TE is designed to easily combine with the &lt;a href="https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/structuralchange/etd/" target="_blank"&gt;GGDC/UN-WIDER Economic Transformation Database [ETD]&lt;/a&gt;. It enables a comparative analysis of growth and structural transformation between the former-Soviet Union countries, and other advanced and developing countries. More information about this data set can be found on the &lt;a href="https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/structuralchange/ETD-Transition-Economies" target="_blank"&gt;associated page&lt;/a&gt; on the website of the &lt;a href="https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/" target="_blank"&gt;Groningen Growth and Development Centre&lt;/a&gt;. 
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&lt;b&gt;When using these data (for whatever purpose), please make the following reference:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Hamilton, C. and G. J. de Vries (2025). &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106977", target="_blank"&gt;The Structural Transformation of Transition Economies.&lt;/a&gt; World Development, 191, Article 106977. 

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&lt;h3&gt;User information&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;The ETD-TE includes the following data:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Countries&lt;/b&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Armenia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Azerbaijan&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Belarus&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Estonia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Georgia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Kazakhstan&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Kyrgyzstan&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Latvia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lithuania&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Moldova&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tajikistan&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ukraine&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Uzbekistan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;b&gt;Variables&lt;/b&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Persons Employed (thousands)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Constant price value added in local currency (millions)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Nominal price value added in local currency (millions)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
 &lt;i&gt;*Where countries changed or revalued currency during the sample period, all VA data is provided in units of the most recent/current currency.&lt;/i&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
 
&lt;b&gt;Sectors&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Agriculture, ISIC Rev. 4 code: A&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Mining, ISIC Rev. 4 code: B&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Manufacturing, ISIC Rev. 4 code: C&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Utilities, ISIC Rev. 4 code: D+E&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Construction, ISIC Rev. 4 code: F&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Trade Services, ISIC Rev. 4 code: G+I&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Transport, ISIC Rev. 4 code: H&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Business Services, ISIC Rev. 4 code: J+M+N&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Financial Services, ISIC Rev. 4 code: K&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Real Estate, ISIC Rev. 4 code: L&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Government Services, ISIC Rev. 4 code: O+P+Q&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Other Services, ISIC Rev. 4 code: R+S+T+U&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


 
&lt;b&gt;Time period&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Persons employed and constant price value added is provided annually for the period 1990-2019, and nominal price value added for the period 1995-2019.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;