DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15076520
title: Consistent meteorological (ERA5) and chemical (CLaMS) information across airborne measurements over the globe between 1997 and 2023

description: Content

Interpolation of ERA5 variables, CLaMS mixing ration tracer and CLaMS age spectrum data onto the flight path. All campaigns are available with a time resolution of 10 seconds. In addition, the campaigns ND-MAX, PHILEAS and WISE are also available with a 1 second time resolution and DWD-O3-Sondes, NOAA-AirCore and NOAA-GUF with their original irregular time resolution.

Campaigns



ACCLIP (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F), NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA), KMA/NIMS Beech King Air 350HW NARA (HL5240))

ACRIDICON  (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

AIRTOSS  (Learjet 35-A (D-CGFD))

AMMA (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))

ATom (NASA Douglas DC-8 AFRC (N817NA))

ATTREX (Northrop Grumman Global Hawk AFRC 872 (AV-6))

BLUESKY (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET))

CAFE-Brazil (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

CAFE-EU (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

CARIBIC-1 (CARIBIC-01 Boeing 767-3G5(ER) (D-AMUN))

CARIBIC-2 (CARIBIC-02 Airbus A340-642 (D-AIHE))

CIRRUS-HL (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

COALESC (FAAM British Aerospace BAe-146-301 (G-LUXE))

CONTRAST (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))

CRYSTAL-FACE (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))

DEEPWAVE (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET), NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))

DWD-O3-Sonde-HP (Ozonesonde)

ECLIF-2 (DLR Airbus A320-232 ATRA (D-ATRA))

EMeRGe-EU (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

EMeRGe-Asia (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

ENVISAT (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))

ESMVal (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

EuPLEx (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))

GUF-AirCore (AirCore)

GW-LCYCLE (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET))

GW-LCYCLE-2 (DLR Dassault Falcon 20-E5 (D-CMET))

HIPPO (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))

LTU (Ballon)

MACPEX (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))

MidCiX (NASA WB-57F JSC)

ML-CIRRUS (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

ND-MAX (NASA Douglas DC-8 AFRC (N817NA))

NOAA-AirCore (AirCore)

OMO (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

PHILEAS (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

POLSTRACC (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

POSIDON (NASA WB-57F JSC (N927NA))

RACEPAC (Basler BT-67 Polar 6 (C-GHGF))

SABRE (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))

SCOUT (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))

SouthTRAC (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

SPartICus (SPEC Learjet 25 (N999MF))

SPURT  (Learjet 35-A (D-CGFD))

START08 (NSF/NCAR Gulfstream GV HIAPER (N677F))

StratoClim (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))

TACTS (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))

TC4 (NASA WB-57F JSC (N926NA))

TRoCCiNOx (LII Mjassischtschew M55-Geophysika (RF-55204))

VERDI (Basler BT-67 Polar 5 (C-GAWI))

WISE (DLR Gulfstream G550 HALO (D-ADLR))


Changelog



14.04.2025: initial upload


Funding

This project has been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – TRR 301 – Project-ID 428312742, TPChange: The Tropopause Region in a Changing Atmosphere (https://tpchange.de/).

 

 

Project Z01 - TPChange data homogenization project

Introduction

Issues arise when observational data from small scales in time and space should be used on quasi-climatological studies. These issues are rooted in models, model types, temporal resolutions, grid widths, interpolation methods, calculation methods. The Main goal of this project is to create consistent supporting information for observational data sets using reanalysis and modelling data.

Data usage

In case you want to use the data, please contact Daniel Kunkel or Hans-Christoph Lachnitt. In case you want to use CLaMS age spectrum variables, please also contact Felix Plöger. In case you want to use CLaMS mixing ratio tracer, please also contact Paul Konopka.

Data product

Merge files contain



geospatial information of the observation, i.e., time, longitude, latitude and pressure

ERA5 reanalysis data (Hersbach et al., 2020)

CLaMS chemical species model data (Pommertich et al., 2014; Konopka et al., 2022; Konopka et al., 2025)

CLaMS age species model data (Plöger et al., 2016; Plöger et al., 2021)


Data is interpolated



linear in time

bilinear in the horizontal

linear in the vertical


In the vertical interpolation is completed either using pressure, potential temperature or with the hybrid potential temperature depending on the variables.

Model data

ERA5 data



native variables:



temperature "ERA5_TEMP" in Kelvin

pressure "ERA5_PRESS" in hPa

surface pressure "ERA5_ps" in hPa

potential temperature "ERA5_THETA" in Kelvin

geopotential "ERA5_PHI" in m^2 s^-2

specific humidity "ERA5_SH" in kg kg^-1

cloud ice water content "ERA5_CIWC" in kg kg^-1

cloud liquid water content "ERA5_CLWC" in kg kg^-1

vertical wind "ERA5_OMEGA" in Pa s^-1

zonal wind "ERA5_U" in m s^-1

meridional wind "ERA5_V" in m s^-1

divergence "ERA5_D" in s^-1

vorticity (relative) "ERA5_VO" in s^-1

boundary layer height "ERA5_BLH" in m

convective available potential energy "ERA5_CAPE" in J kg^-1

ozone mass mixing ratio "ERA5_O3" in kg kg^-1



derived variables:



Squared Brunt-Vaisala frequency "ERA5_BVF" in s^-2

vertical wind shear "ERA5_S2" in s^-2

vertical wind in "ERA5_W" in m s^-1

potential vorticity "ERA5_PV" in pvu

equivalent latitude "ERA5_EQLAT" in deg N



tropopause diagnostics:



potential temperature of first and second local lapse rate tropopause "ERA5_thermTP_THETA" in K

pressure of first and second local lapse rate tropopause "ERA5_thermTP_PRESS" in hPa

height of first and second local lapse rate tropopause "ERA5_thermTP_Z" in km

pressure at main, second and third 1.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_1_5" in hPa

pressure at main, second and third 2.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_2_0" in hPa

pressure at main, second and third 3.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_3_5" in hPa

pressure at main, second and third 4.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_4_0" in hPa

pressure at main, second and third 6.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_6_0" in hPa

pressure at main, second and third 8.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_8_0" in hPa

pressure at main, second and third 10.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PRESS_10_0" in hPa

potential temperature at main, second and third 1.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_1_5" in K

potential temperature at main, second and third 2.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_2_0" in K

potential temperature at main, second and third 3.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_3_5" in K

potential temperature at main, second and third 4.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_4_0" in K

potential temperature at main, second and third 6.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_6_0" in K

potential temperature at main, second and third 8.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_8_0" in K

potential temperature at main, second and third 10.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_THETA_10_0" in K

geopotential at main, second and third 1.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_1_5" in m^2 s^-2

geopotential at main, second and third 2.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_2_0" in m^2 s^-2

geopotential at main, second and third 3.5 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_3_5" in m^2 s^-2

geopotential at main, second and third 4.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_4_0" in m^2 s^-2

geopotential at main, second and third 6.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_6_0" in m^2 s^-2

geopotential at main, second and third 8.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_8_0" in m^2 s^-2

geopotential at main, second and third 10.0 PVU/380 K surface "ERA5_dynTP_PHI_10_0" in m^2 s^-2




CLaMS model data



mixing ratio tracer:



ozone volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_O3" in m^3 m^-3

carbon monoxid volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_CO" in m^3 m^-3

nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_N2O" in m^3 m^-3

water vapour volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_H2O" in m^3 m^-3

carbon dioxide volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_CO2" in m^3 m^-3

methane volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_CH4" in m^3 m^-3

CFC11 volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_F11" in m^3 m^-3

CFC12 volume mixing ratio "CLaMS_F12" in m^3 m^-3

stratospheric air mass tracer "CLaMS_ST" in %



age spectrum variables:



E30 tracer with 30 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E30" in m^3 m^-3

E90 tracer with 90 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E90" in m^3 m^-3

E180 tracer with 180 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E180" in m^3 m^-3

E360 tracer with 360 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E360" in m^3 m^-3

E720 tracer with 720 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E720" in m^3 m^-3

E1080 tracer with 1080 day lifetime "AgeSpec_E1080" in m^3 m^-3

mass fraction younger than 1 month from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_01" in %

mass fraction younger than 3 month from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_03" in %

mass fraction younger than 6 month from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_06" in %

mass fraction younger than 12 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_12m" in %

mass fraction older than 12 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_12p" in %

mass fraction older than 24 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_24" in %

mass fraction older than 36 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_36" in %

mass fraction older than 48 months from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MF_48" in %

mean age from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_AGE" in year

modal age from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MODE" in year

median age from age-spectrum (10 yr) "AgeSpec_MEDIAN" in year

mean age from clock-tracer (Boundary Age) "AgeSpec_BA" in year

tropical surface mass fraction tracer "AgeSpec_TF_01" in %

NH surface mass fraction tracer "AgeSpec_NF_01" in %

SH surface mass fraction tracer "AgeSpec_SF_01" in %




Observational data

The merge files contain at least the positional data "time", "longitude", "latitude" and "pressure", "altitude" and "potential temperature":



time "Time" is given in seconds with the reference date 01.01.1970

time "SsM" is given in seconds since midnight

date "YMD" in yyyymmdd format

latitude "Lat" is provided between "-90:90" in degrees north

longitude "Lon" is provided between "-180:180" in degrees east

static air pressure "Pres" in hPa

pressure altitude "PAlt" in m

potential temperature "Theta" in K


Available Campaigns






abbreviation



long name



year



data source



ACCLIP
Asian Summer Monsoon Chemical & Climate Impact Project
2022
ACCLIP


ACRIDICON
Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems
2014
ACRIDICON


AIRTOSS
Aircraft Towed Sensor Shuttle
2013
Contact: Heiko Bozem


AMMA
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis
2006
Contact: Christian Rolf


ATom
Atmospheric Tomography Mission
2016 - 2018
ATom


ATTREX
Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment
2011 - 2015
ATTREX


BLUESKY
Bluesky (Examination of the atmosphere during the Coronavirus lockdown)
2020
BLUESKY


CAFEBrazil
Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Brazil
2022, 2023
CAFE-Brasil


CAFEEU
Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment over Europe
2020
CAFE-EU


CARIBIC1
Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container 1
1997 - 2002
CARIBIC 1


CARIBIC2
Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container 2
2005 - 2020
CARIBIC 2


CIRRUSHL
Cirrus in High Latitudes
2021
CIRRUS-HL


COALESC
Cloud physics and radiation studies
2011
COALESC


CONTRAST
Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics
2014
CONTRAST


CRYSTALFACE
The Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment
2002
CRYSTAL-FACE


DEEPWAVE
Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment over New Zealand
2014
DEEPWAVE


DWDO3SondeHP
DWD Ozone Sondes from Hohenpeißenberg
1997 - 2022
DWD O3Sonde HP


ECLIF2
Emission and Climate Impact of Alternative Fuel 2
2018
ECLIF 2


EMeRGeAsia
Effect of megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the regional and global scale - Asia
2018
EMeRGe-Asia


EMeRGeEU
Effect of megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the regional and global scale - EU
2017
EMeRGe-EU


ENVISAT
ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) Midlatitude Validation Campaign; Arctic Validation Campaign
2002, 2003
Contact: Christian Rolf


ESMVal
Transition from summer to autumn Earth System Model Validation
2012
ESMVal


EuPLEx
European Polar Stratospheric Cloud and Lee Wave Experiment
2003
Contact: Christian Rolf


GUFAirCore
AirCore Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main
2021 - 2023
Contact: Andreas Engel


GWLCYCLE
Gravity Wave Life Cycle
2013
GW-LCYCLE


GWLCYCLE2
Gravity Wave Life Cycle 2
2015, 2016
GW-LCYCLE 2


HIPPO
HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations
2009 - 2011
HIPPO


LTU
Arctic cirrus particle size distributions and their parametrizations depending on the cloud origin
2012 - 2018
LTU


MACPEX
Mid-latitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment
2011
MACPEX


MidCiX
Middle Latitude Cirrus Experiment
2004
MidCiX


MLCIRRUS
Midlatitude Cirrus
2014
ML-CIRRUS


NDMAX
NASA and DLR maximum research opportunity
2018
ND-MAX


NOAAAirCore
AirCore NOAA Global Monitoring Division
2012 - 2023
NOAA-AirCore


OMO
Oxidation Mechanism Observation
2015
OMO


PHILEAS
Probing High Latitude Export of air from the Asian Summer Monsoon
2023
PHILEAS


POSIDON
Pacific Oxidants, Sulfur, Ice, Dehydration, and cONvection
2016
POSIDON


POLSTRACC
Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate
2015, 2016
POLSTRACC


RACEPAC
Radiation-Aerosol-Cloud Experiment in the Arctic Circle
2014
RACEPAC


SABRE
Stratospheric Aerosol processes, Budget and Radiative Effects
2022, 2023
SABRE


SCOUT
Stratospheric climate links with emphasis on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
2005
Contact: Christian Rolf


SouthTRAC
Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics and Chemistry
2019
SouthTRAC


SPartICus
Small Particles in Cirrus
2010
SPartICus


SPURT
Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion (trace gas transport in the tropopause region)
2001 - 2003
SPURT


START08
Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport
2008
START08


StratoClim
Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions
2016, 2017
StratoClim


TACTS
Transport and composition in the UT/LMS Seasonal Change
2012
TACTS


TC4
Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling
2007
TC4


TRoCCiNOx
Tropical convection, cirrus and nitrogen oxides experiment
2005
Contact: Christian Rolf


VERDI
Vertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds
2012
Contact: Christian Rolf


WISE
Wave-driven Isentropic Exchange
2017
WISE