cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/ed90df1b-462c-46bb-afbd-59794fb03f6b
title: Elemental concentrations in fish from lakes in Northwest England

description: Data comprise concentrations of elements in ashed fish sampled from lakes in the English Lake District in 2012 and 2013. Fish were collected from three lakes (Windermere, Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water) by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) Lake Ecosystems group. Fish species collected were Roach (Rutilus rutilus), Perch (Perca fluviatilis), Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), Brown trout (Salmo trutta), Pike (Esox lucius) and Vendace (Coregonus albula). All samples were ashed prior to analysis by ICPMS or ICPOES to determine elemental concentrations.
description: Fish were collected in 2012 and 2013 from Windermere, Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water in the English Lake District. Species collected were: Roach (Rutilus rutilus), Perch (Perca fluviatilis), Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), Brown trout (Salmo trutta), Pike (Esox lucius) and Vendace (Coregonus albula). Samples were frozen to minus 20 degrees Centigrade as soon as possible after collection. Fish samples were thoroughly defrosted, weighed and gutted prior to the whole-fish being ashed at 500°C. The ash was then weighed. Ashed fish samples were digested using an aqua regia reagent (fresh 3:1 mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl aristar grade) at 175°C for 12 minutes using a microwave oven (CEM, MarsXpress). Analysis of the ashed fish digests was then conducted by ICPMS (Perkin Elmer, NeXION 300D) or ICPOES (Perkin Elmer, 7300 DV). ICPMS measurements were made using two types of instrument operation, either quantitative or semi-quantitative (using Perkin Elmer Total Quant software). The quantitative measurements were made using external calibration after spiking the digests with 10 microgram per litre Ga, In and Re as internal standards to compensate for instrumental drift and matrix effects. The semi-quantitative measurements were made using the ICPMS instrument operating in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode with the addition of helium gas. The semi-quantitative and quantitative modes differed as the former used an element concentration to intensity response curve to extrapolate concentrations over a wide mass range. ICPMS and ICPOES instrument limits of detection (LOD) were calculated using mean and standard deviation measurements for the digestion reagent blank (yb, plus sb where yb is blank concentration and sb is three standard deviations of the blank). Method LODs were then calculated taking into account the dilution arising from the digestion procedure. Note that for some elements determined using the semi-quantitative ICPMS method it was not possible to determine instrument LODs from the analysis of a digestion reagent blank and in these cases the instrument LODs were estimated from an assessment of instrument sensitivity and assigned a values of 0.001 microgram per litre (equivalent to a mean method LOD of 0.001 milligrams per kilogram). Results are reported as milligrams per kilogram fresh weight (converted from ash weight using fresh to ash weight ratio for each sample).
DOI: 10.5285/419af5cd-8adc-4400-9a28-d8e1d48b0bd7
title: Soil water release curves and hydraulic conductivity measurements at four long-term grassland-to-woodland land use contrasts across England

description: This dataset contains soil water release curves and un-saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements from four long-term grassland-to-woodland land use contrasts across England between 2018 and 2021. Each land use contrast was assigned one grassland and one woodland plot respectively. Each of the plots was further divided into three grids (grassland grids 1 to 3 / woodland grids 4 to 6) with grids 1 and 6 being the furthest apart. The four grassland-to-woodland contrasts were located across England and sampled once  : Gisburn (Gisburn-1, Gisburn-2), Wytham Woods, and Kielder Forest.

Soil water release curves were measured for topsoil (0-5 cm) using the HYPROP system (UMS, Munich, Germany). Soil water infiltration (unsaturated hydraulic conductivity) was measured during soil sampling campaigns.

Soil hydraulic measurements in this dataset are collocated with aboveground biomass production estimates and litter layer depth measurements, soil physical, chemical and biological properties (0-1 m), and earthworm counts and identification. A file   is provided to connect all co-located measurements.

This project was part of the UK-SCAPE programme which started in 2018 and was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council as National Capability (award number NE/R016429/1). 
description: Both soil hydraulic measurements were taken in grids 2 and 5.

The soil samples   (n=2-3 per grid) for measuring soil water release curves were taken using the HYPROP system (UMS, Munich, Germany) metal ring (5 cm deep, precise volume). The curves were measured using a WP4 potentiometer (Decagon devices, Pullman, Washington, USA). Data were automatically recorded by the HYPROP software and were exported as a .xlsx file which was then converted to .csv.

Soil water infiltration   (cm d-1, conductivity) was measured with a Minidisk infiltrometer (n=2-3 per grid). Water volume loss over time (sec) at a relevant tension was recorded using a stopwatch in the field . Data were collected on field sheets, transferred to Microsoft Excel, and data curves were visually inspected before being transferred to a Microsoft Excel Macro to calculate conductivity.
DOI: 10.5285/6ff45fc1-e3ef-4ca9-baf0-e55c07169caf
title: Surface temperature, surface oxygen, water clarity, water chemistry and phytoplankton chlorophyll a data from Blelham Tarn, UK, 2023

description: This is part of an ongoing long-term monitoring dataset of surface temperature, surface oxygen, water clarity, water chemistry and phytoplankton chlorophyll a from fortnightly sampling at Blelham Tarn in Cumbria, England that began in 1945 for some variables. The data have been collected by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH). The data available to download comprise surface temperature (TEMP) in degree Celsius, surface oxygen saturation (OXYG) in % air-saturation, Secchi depth (SECC) in metres, alkalinity (ALKA) in µg per litre as CaCO3 and pH. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4N), total oxidised nitrogen (TON), soluble reactive phosphate (PO4P), total phosphorus (TOTP), dissolved reactive silicon expressed as SiO2 (SIO2) and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (TOCA) are all given in µg per litre. Water samples are based on a sample integrated from 0 to 5 m. Water chemistry values below the detection limit, are indicated by a < sign in the column titled ‘sign(if<LOD)’. Measurements are made from a boat at a marked location (buoy) at the deepest part of the lake. When it was not possible to visit the buoy, samples were taken from the shore along with surface temperature and oxygen measurements. Water samples were not integrated on these occasions, marked as Flag 2. All data are from January 2023 until the end of 2023. 
description: Please note that the data presented here are raw data that have not yet been quality controlled and calibrated. However, data for TEMP, OXYG, SECC, ALKA, pH, PO4P and TOCA has been double entered by different people into excel from field notebooks or laboratory paper record sheets and validated by a database manager. The database manager checked all data visually (line graphs). Missing data are due to weather conditions, equipment limitations, or staff shortage.
DOI: 10.5285/c0294ec9-45d6-464c-b543-ce9ece9fd968
title: Fine litterfall production and nutrient composition data from a fertilized site in Central Amazon, Brazil

description: The data consists of litterfall production in a fertilised old growth forest in Central Amazon. Data was collected in a full factorial nutrient addition experiment (nitrogen, phosphorus and cation treatments). Within each plot we have installed five litter traps of 50 cm x 50 cm, 1 m above ground, occupying an area of 1.25 m2 per plot, and ensuring litter reaching the trap was produced within the experimental plot area. 
The study was funded by NERC, BDFFP (logistical support) and the Brazilian government (students scholarship).
description: The study was carried at the AFEX project (Amazon fertilization Experiment) area at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP/ INPA) located approximately 80 km north of Manaus/Amazonas/Brazil (02° 25' 00'' S; 59° 43' 00' W).
 The spreadsheet contains on catch order, census number, plot identification, Littertraps identification, leaves, woody material, reproductive material, residues, frass, year, month and day of collection.  The samples were collected over the course of two years (July 2017 to July 2019) after fertilisation commenced, in the AFEX project area at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP/ INPA). 
See supporting documentation for further details
DOI: 10.5285/c3b89279-ba7d-4df3-bc6c-82ffcaeaad3d
title: Bat and bird survey data from different agricultural land use gradients in Ghana and Zambia, 2020-2023

description: This dataset consists of bird observation and mist netting records for both bats and birds collected from December 2020 to March 2023. The data collection employed a mixed-methods approach incorporating point counts and mist netting techniques. Surveys were carried out in multiple localities, encompassing three sites in Ghana and 5 in Zambia. 

The data were collected as part of the Social and Environmental Trade-Offs in African Agriculture (Sentinel) project, funded by UK Research and Innovation via the Global Challenges Research Fund (Grant Number: ES/P011306/1). 
description: Data were collected between December 2020 and March 2023 in several localities within Ghana (n = 3) and Zambia (n = 5). A two-tier stratified random sampling design was employed to select the study sites within each locality. Initially, a spatially referenced grid measuring 1 km × 1 km was used to overlay the selected locality, segregating it into potential study areas. Following this, each site was categorised into one of five broad classifications based on the dominant land type within the grid cell:

•	Not Applicable (NA): Areas unsuitable for sampling, such as urban centres.
•	Agriculture Only: Regions where over 95% of the grid cell is covered by agricultural land.
•	Forest edge: Locations with 25-75% of the grid cell encompassed by forest land.
•	Forest: Regions where more than 95% of the grid cell is forest land.

A subset of sites within the categories of 'Agriculture,' 'Forest edge,' and 'Forest' were randomly selected for sampling. 

At each survey point, birds were surveyed using a standardised point count methodology (Gregory et al., 2004). The sampling at these locations was conducted from dawn and lasted approximately 3 hours (with some variation depending on weather conditions), a timeframe chosen to coincide with the peak activity of forest birds. 

Surveying for bats was conducted at the same locations used for bird mist netting. A combination of mist-nets and harp traps were deployed at each site, with sampling taking place on separate nights. Traps were established at sunset and operated for a minimum duration of 4 hours, with regular checks conducted every 15 to 30 minutes.

Several data inputters were used to digitally input the field data sheets. Then the completed dataset was compiled, error checked and validated.
DOI: 10.5285/935781e1-9119-4673-bd09-3fc76ae627d5
title: Survival and heights of trees planted for forest restoration in South and Southeast Asia

description: This dataset consists of survival and heights of trees planted for forest restoration in South and Southeast Asia and the associated analytical code. The data consists of tree censuses collated from published studies, grey literature and data provided by co-authors, up to/including May 2021. Data are collated from 176 sites in areas where disturbance or clearance of the natural forest had occurred and where trees were then planted and monitored over time. The analyses included here model height growth, extract annual size-standardised growth rates and test the effects of biophysical and climatic conditions and planting regimes on survival and growth. This dataset was created to represent the current state of knowledge on forest restoration outcomes in South and Southeast Asia. This is the full dataset for the survival and height analysis.
description: Data were compiled from i) publications which contained the necessary information or ii) primary data supplied by dataset and paper co-authors. The search and screening process is described in full in the documentation. The data have been standardised so they could be presented in common units across the dataset and in some cases, categorised based either on numbers or on text descriptions within the publications. The species lists have been checked against online databases to correct errors and unify taxonomic synonyms. An additional open data source was compiled (wood density from the BIOMASS package in R, as detailed in the documentation).

All data were checked by lead authors.
DOI: 10.5285/ee7ba05a-449b-466e-840c-8de1d3f1d4d1
title: Invertebrate behavioural responses to 3D-printed insect replicas, featuring combinations of traits from wasps and flies, in laboratory trials

description: Three files describe behavioural trials involving jumping spiders, crab spiders and praying mantises respectively. They include details about the individual predators, the stimuli used and the behavioural responses from the predators.
description: We investigated how different species of invertebrate, all potential predators of flower-visiting insects, responded to 3D printed wasp-like and fly-like stimuli. Our predators were jumping spiders, crab spiders and praying mantises. Each received training to associate wasp stimuli with a negative experience, while fly stimuli were not associated with any positive or negative experience. We then tested predator responses to a range of novel mimetic stimuli with varying levels of similarity to the wasp stimulus. The aim was to determine how accurately a stimulus needed to mimic the negatively-conditioned wasp stimulus before it would be mistaken for the wasp by the predators .

Behavioural observations were conducted in real time during the experimental trials, with video recordings taken in some cases for later reference. A stopwatch was used for timings.

Data have been cleaned (for example, removal of invalid or unused data points) and formatted using custom scripts in R v4.3.2.
DOI: 10.5285/a61da7da-b7ef-40b7-a324-c3711ef81207
title: River Tay, Scotland, water chemistry and greenhouse gas measurements 2009-2010

description: This dataset contains concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients and concentrations of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O from nine sites across the River Tay catchment. Water was sampled on a monthly basis between February 2009 and December 2010. The locations of sampling sites were based on existing flow gauging and water sampling sites of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA).
description: These data were collected as part of a PhD project funded by the CEH Integrating fund. Water and headspace samples were collected from nine sites within the Tay catchment on a monthly basis between 2009 and 2010 by James Harley. Sample analysis was undertaken at CEH Edinburgh, again by James Harley. A detailed description of sample collection methods and analytical measurements can be found in the supporting information document supplied with the data.
DOI: 10.5285/bce114d8-8f3b-49e0-90c6-f0788c1e9a0d
title: Groundwater levels (2019-2021) and rainfall data (2020-2021) collected with a citizen science approach on the Indian Ocean island of Karainagar, Sri Lanka

description: This dataset includes measurements of groundwater levels (2019–2021) and rainfall data (2020–2021), collected through citizen participation on the Indian Ocean island of Karainagar, Sri Lanka. Karainagar, the study area, is one of seven islands located off the coast of Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka. This rectangular island is bounded on three sides by the Palk Strait, while the fourth side faces the Jaffna Lagoon and is connected to the mainland by a causeway. Karainagar covers an area of approximately 22 km², including inland water bodies. Seven dug wells used for domestic purposes were inventoried and monitored to track groundwater levels. Rainfall data were collected from six locations, including two schools, three households, and one village government office (Grama Niladhari Office).
description: A citizen science initiative engaged local well owners, trained volunteers, and schoolchildren in monitoring groundwater and measuring rainfall. Participants were taught to measure water levels using a tape specifically modified for groundwater monitoring, and to record rainfall using a Holman rain gauge. The dimensions of dug wells—including kerb height, diameter or width, and bottom elevation—were measured using a measuring tape. The locations of rain gauges, dug wells, and ground elevations relative to Mean Sea Level (MSL) were determined using a Global Positioning System (GPS) and land surveys. Daily rainfall time series data were obtained from the records of the Agrarian Services Centre (ASC) in Karainagar.
DOI: 10.5285/1efa692d-76ca-406e-8736-837a457e16ee
title: Sulphur and nitrogen atmospheric Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) data for the UK, 2017-2019

description: These datasets provide Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) values of sulphur and nitrogen atmospheric deposition for 5x5 kilometres (km) grid squares of the UK averaged over the years 2017 to 2019. 

The data consist of deposition values for sulphur, oxidised nitrogen and reduced nitrogen, and base cations. Total deposition is the sum of four components calculated separately: wet deposition, dry deposition of gases, dry deposition of particulate matter and cloud droplet deposition. 

Habitat-specific data are provided for (i) moorland/short vegetation everywhere, and (ii) forest everywhere. Additionally, the grid square average over multiple land cover types (i.e. arable, grassland, forest, moorland, urban) is also calculated. The habitat-specific data are recommended for use with critical loads for the calculation of critical load exceedances. The work in generating and compiling the dataset has been funded by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and various Departments for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) contracts.
description: The Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) methodology generates 5x5 km resolution maps of wet and dry deposition of sulphur, oxidised and reduced nitrogen, and base cations from measured concentrations of gases and particulate matter in air and measured concentrations of ions in precipitation. These data are collected at sites in the UK Eutrophying and Acidifying Pollutants (UKEAP) network. The site-based measurements are first interpolated to generate maps of concentrations for the UK. The ion concentrations in precipitation are combined with an annual precipitation map from the UK Meteorological Office to generate values of wet deposition. Gas and particulate matter concentration maps are combined with spatially distributed estimates of habitat-specific deposition velocities to generate dry deposition for 5 land cover categories: forest, moorland, grassland, arable and urban. The deposition to the 5 land cover categories are combined, depending on the relative proportions of different land cover categories in the 5x5 km grid square, to generate values for grid square averaged deposition. Dry deposition includes deposition of gases (Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium and magnesium) to vegetation. For critical load exceedance calculations, deposition values for moorland are applied to all non-woodland habitats, and deposition values for forest are applied to all woodland habitats. 

Data processing was done using the R and GenStat programme and results output as text files. These were then exported as comma separated values for ingestion into the Environmental Information Data Centre.
DOI: 10.5285/3b7a3e0b-48e5-4395-b4c6-79bb43ae31e3
title: Farming household survey for the evaluation of nitrogen options for economic and social benefit in the Terai region of Nepal, 2022

description: This dataset holds survey data of individual farming households in the Terai region in Nepal relating to their nitrogen use.  The survey was conducted in 2022 and the questions covered two seasons (summer and winter) asked at a single visit in the summer season. The questions on the winter season were based on recall.
The data cover the following topics: household characteristics, general farm characteristics, plot characteristics, crop production and harvest, synthetic and organic fertilizer use and compost production, labour, irrigation, pesticides, livestock, information sources, drivers of and barriers to adoption of sustainable practices, attitude, behaviour, perception and opinion, household expenditure and income, household asset and wealth, subsidies.
The data were collected primarily to assess differences in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and sustainable nitrogen practices between households. The data also aim to enhance understanding of farmers’ attitudes, opinion and decision making affecting NUE in crop production and farm related factors which enable adoption of sustainable practices. 
The data are part of a wider SANH (South Asian Nitrogen Hub) harmonised household survey covering Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

description: The Terai region was purposively selected for the study as agriculture is dominant in the Terai region. Thereafter, multipurpose random sampling was used to select three districts i.e., Morang, Mahottari and Kailali districts. From each district, two municipalities were selected and from each municipality, two villages were chosen for the study. Twenty-five farming households were randomly chosen within each village. In total, 100 farmers were included from each district, resulting in a total of 300 farmers.
The survey was administered in person in farmers’ homes, field or pre-agreed location in the community where the farmer lives. Enumerators entered farmers’ responses to each question in a pre-prepared template which was then transferred to the CSV data file.
The data were prepared for the requirements of the study and made ready for analysis by removing duplicate records, spelling errors, differences in capitalisation and spacing, inconsistent formats, mixed numerical scales and mixed ranges.