DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd17313
title: Data from: The Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae, Justicieae) revisited: phylogenetic relationships reveal polyphyly of many new world genera accompanied by rampant evolution of floral morphology

description: Molecular data confirm monophyly of the Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae,
 Justicieae), a group of nearly 200 species, ca. 75% from the New World
 (NW) and the remainder from Asia or Africa. Compared to our earlier work,
 &gt; 50% more in-group taxa were sampled (nearly 2/3 of known taxa now
 sampled) and added ~20% more sequence data. We time-calibrate the
 phylogeny using primary fossil evidence and the larger context of a
 calibrated phylogeny for Acanthaceae. Many aspects of relationship are
 strongly supported but uncertainty remains about a number of
 phylogenetically isolated taxa (e.g., African Angkalanthus, Chorisochora;
 NW Ancistranthus) and some aspects of relationships among clades remain
 weakly supported. The group originated in the OW and began diversifying
 about 11.5 Ma. A single dispersal event to the NW occurred about 8.3 Ma,
 likely from Africa to southwestern North America. A number of major
 clades, particularly in the NW, are less than 5 Ma old and species in many
 clades are substantially younger. Several NW clades – even those with
 &lt;10 species – comprise species that are markedly heterogeneous in
 floral traits likely reflecting selection by pollinators. Many NW genera
 are not monophyletic, which is not surprising given that floral traits
 have been relied upon taxonomically. Diversification rate analysis
 revealed no significant shifts resulting in a gradual increase in number
 of lineages with time. The Tetramerium lineage is now phylogenetically
 well characterized but remains enigmatic from the perspective of
 morphological evidence for many aspects of relationships. The lineage is
 usefully thought of as a ‘clade complex’: as a species complex is of
 morphologically confusing species, a ‘clade complex’ is of clades that are
 not well characterized morphologically.
description: Fig_S1Supplementary Fig. 1.
 Phylorate plot from the BAMM analysis illustrating no significant rate
 shifts in the Tetramerium linege. The branch colors represent speciation
 rates following the scale on the left of the phylogeny. Values are species
 per million years.DATA_FILENexus file for the sampled taxa. charset its = 1-858; charset plastid = 859-6363; charset indels = 6364-6404;TABLE_S1Estimates of proportion of total species richness by clade for BAMM analysis. Clades are as named in Fig. 2 except for isolated species and the Ancistranthus clade which includes that taxon plus Mirandea sylvatica and Schaueria parviflora. Estimates are based on the literature and our knowledge of each group.TABLE_S2Table S2. Nodes optimized inconclusively or differently by one or more of three models (i.e., DIVAlike + J, DEC + J, Bayarealike + J) used by BioGeoBEARS. When one range has a proportional likelihood &gt; 0.85, alternatives are not reported; proportional likelihood values &lt; 0.10 also not reported. For key to node labels, see Fig. 3 which also shows ancestral ranges for other nodes as optimized by DEC+J. NA = North America; see text for explanation of ranges and of our reasons for illustrating results based on DEC + J in Fig. 3.