DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qfttt0
title: Native plant diversity generates microbial legacies that either promote or suppress non-natives, depending on drought history

description: Diverse native plant communities resist non-native plants more than
 species-poor communities, in part through resource competition. The role
 of soil biota in diversity-invasibility relationships is poorly
 understood, although non-native plants interact with soil biota during
 invasions. We tested the responses of non-native plants to soil biota
 generated by different native plant diversities. We applied well-watered
 and drought treatments in both conditioning and response phases to explore
 the effects of “historical” and “contemporary” environmental stresses.
 When generated in well-watered soils, the microbial legacies from higher
 native diversity inhibited non-native growth in well-watered conditions.
 In contrast, when generated in drought-treated soils, the microbial
 legacies from higher native diversity facilitated non-native growth in
 well-watered conditions. Contemporary drought eliminated microbial legacy
 effects on non-native growth. We provide a new understanding of mechanisms
 behind diversity-invasibility relationships and demonstrate that temporal
 variation in environmental stress shapes relationships among native plant
 diversity, soil biota and non-native plants.
description: # **Native plant diversity generates microbial legacies that either
 promote or suppress non-natives, depending on drought history**
 **Metadata_** **the latest version_07-31-2024** Zhibin Tao1,2, Kaoping
 Zhang1,2, Ragan M. Callaway3, Evan Siemann4, Yanjie Liu5, Wei Huang1,2* 1
 Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Chinese
 Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland
 Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese
 Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 3 Division of Biological
 Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula 59812, USA 4 Department of
 Biosciences, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA 5 Northeast Institute of
 Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102,
 China **Appendix_S1_Information_for_native_species** Information for
 native species and species assemblage used in the conditioning phase
 (phase I). **Appendix_S2_Information_for_non-native_species** Information
 for non-native species used in the responding phase (phase II).
 **Appendix_S3_R_codes_Tao_et_al.** R codes for all the data analysis and
 all figures. **Data01_soil_pathogen_rarefied**
 **Data02_soil_AMF_rarefied** **Data06_soil_all_fungi_rarefied** | log\_NSR
 | Log-transformed $$Native species richness (1, 2, 4 and 8)]. | |
 -------------------------------- |
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | native\_assemblage | A1-A40, 10 assemblages were established for each native species richness in the conditioning phase (phase I), see Appendix\_S1 for details. | | WPI | Watering treatments in conditioning phase (phase I): watered (\~30% volumetric water content), drought (\~10% volumetric water content). | | 77d2c3234e4c95e455dc3bc44b5ea62f | ASV\_ID, number of reads for ASV | | …… | …… | **Data03_soil_microbe_and_nonnative_biomass** | log\_NSR | Log-transformed $$Native species richness treatment (1, 2, 4 and 8)]. | | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | native\_assemblage | A1-A40, 10 assemblages were established for each native species richness in the conditioning phase (phase I), see Appendix\_S1 for details. | | WPI | Watering treatments in conditioning phase (phase I): watered (\~30% volumetric water content), drought (\~10% volumetric water content). | | replicate | Two replicates (ab, cd). | | fungi\_richness | Richness of all fungi at the end of the conditioning phase (phase I). | | AMF\_richness | Richness of AMF at the end of the conditioning phase (phase I). | | pathogen\_richness | Richness of soil pathogens at the end of the conditioning phase (phase I). | | average\_nonnative\_biomass (g) | The average biomass of 10 non-native species in each soil inocula. | **Data04_nonnative_biomass** | log\_NSR | Log-transformed $$Native species richness treatment (1, 2, 4 and 8)]. | | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | native\_assemblage | A1-A40, 10 assemblages were established for each native species richness in the conditioning phase (phase I), see Appendix\_S1 for details. | | WPI | Watering treatments in conditioning phase (phase I): watered (\~30% volumetric water content), drought (\~10% volumetric water content). | | WPII | Watering treatment in responding phase (phase II): watered (\~30% volumetric water content), drought (\~10% volumetric water content). | | WPI\_WPII | watering treatment combination $$Phase I (watered vs. drought) & Phase II (watered vs. drought), watered\&watered, drought\&watered, watered\&drought, drought\&drought] | | replicate | Two replicates (ab, cd) | | soil\_inocula | Soil inoculum generated in conditioning phase (phase I), Native\_species\_richness\&native\_assemblage\&WPI\&replicate, for each treatment, see above for detail. | | nonnative\_species | 10 non-native species were used in the responding phase, see Appendix S1 for details. | | biomass (g) | Biomass for non-native species at the end of the responding phase (phase II). We harvested aboveground and belowground biomass for each plant, dried them at 80 °C for 48 hours, and weighed them. | **Data05_native_biomass** | log\_NSR | Log-transformed $$Native species richness treatment (1, 2, 4 and 8)]. | | ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | native\_assemblage | A1-A40, 10 assemblages were established for each native species richness in the conditioning phase (phase I), see Appendix\_S1 for details. | | water\_treatment | watered (\~30% volumetric water content), drought (\~10% volumetric water content) | | block | Block number (a, b, c and d). | | biomass (g) | Aboveground biomass of native assemblage at the end of the conditioning phase (phase I). We harvested aboveground parts, dried them at 80 °C for 48 hours, and weighed them. | **Data07_soil_microbe_composition** | fungi\_group | Two groups (AMF and pathogen) | | ------------ | ---------------------------------------- | | taxon | Taxon name at family level | | ratio | Relative number of reads at family level | **Changelog** | **Old version \[05-13-24]** | **Latest version \[07-31-24]** | | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | | Data01\_water\_content\_condition\_phase | | | Data02\_native\_biomass\_condition\_phase | Data05\_native\_biomass | | Data03\_all\_fungi\_unrarefied\_condition\_phase | | | Data04\_all\_fungi\_rarefied\_condition\_phase | Data06\_soil\_all\_fungi\_rarefied | | Data05\_pathogen\_unrarefied\_condition\_phase | | | Data06\_pathogen\_rarefied\_condition\_phase | Data01\_soil\_pathogen\_rarefied | | Data07\_AMF\_unrarefied\_condition\_phase | | | Data08\_AMF\_rarefied\_condition\_phase | Data02\_soil\_AMF\_rarefied | | Data09\_water\_content\_feedback\_phase | | | Data10\_invasive\_biomass\_feedback\_phase | Data04\_nonnative\_biomass | | Data11\_microbe\_condition\_phase\_invasive\_biomass\_feedback\_phase | Data03\_soil\_microbe\_and\_nonnative\_biomass | | | Data07\_soil\_microbe\_composition | **Note:** According to the journal editor’s comments, we removed those datasets (in the old version) that were not used in data analyses, these datasets included Data01_water_content_condition_phase, Data03_all_fungi_unrarefied_condition_phase, Data05_pathogen_unrarefied_condition_phase, Data07_AMF_unrarefied_condition_phase and Data09_water_content_feedback_phase. Moreover, we added a dataset (Data07_soil_microbe_composition for Fig. S3) in the new version.