DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7bj
title: Data of microsatellites of 29 Castanea sativa populations

description: We present microsatellite data of 29 Castanea sativa populations
 to be analized through systematic Bayesian clustering using modifications
 of a previously analyzed model to detect the existence of hidden
 population structures that have not previously been identified. The
 results will be used to establish plausible scenarios to
 interpret the natural evolutionary history of this species in southwestern
 Europe and ascertain the origin of some possible germplasm translocations
 using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Data are 715 samples
 genotyped with eight microsatellites. Samples were collected in 25 stands
 in the Iberian Peninsula, two stands in Italy and other two in
 Greece. The stands are wild populations, not grafted domesticated stands.
description: <i>Plant materials (data collection)</i> Twenty-nine wild stands were sampled: 25 representing the most important areas of the <i>C. sativa</i> Iberian distribution; two stands in Italy and two in Greece (Figure). In the northwest Iberian Peninsula, the majority of sampling was conducted close to the sea shore, an area in which the influence of domestication is less important. In the northwest and north, 14 stands were sampled between Galicia and Navarra: five stands (stands 1 to 5) in the Atlantic area and nine (stands 6 to 14) from the northwestern corner of Galicia to the Basque Country. In inland Galicia and León six stands were sampled (stands 15 to 20), which exhibited different evidence of management for wood or nuts. In the Central and Toledo Mountains range, four stands were sampled (stands 21 to 24). Smaller patches of chestnut are present in the south (Andalucía), where only one stand (25) was sampled. Italian stands (26 and 27) were in Piedmont and Sicily, and the Greek stands (28 and 29) were in Macedonia. The total number of trees was 715, with 16 to 29 (mean 24.65) trees per stand. The names of stands, their geographic information, silviculture and number of trees per stand are summarized in the Table. Table. The geographic position, type of management, sample size, and assignment to a genetic cluster and degree of unbalance of sampling for the <i>Castanea sativa</i> stands sampled in the present study. * <sup>1</sup>: close to orchards;<sup> 2</sup>: mixed with orchards; **previous assignation to a population according to Fernández-Cruz and Fernández-López (2016); mixed W-E m<sup>3: </sup>hybrid ancestry between the western and Eastern Mediterranean population. In 11 cases, stands were high forest without apparent influence of domesticated varieties (stands 1 to 6, 8, 12, 13, 21 and 25) and two stands were old coppices (stands 20 and 24). Other stands contained mixtures of grafted and wild trees resulting from abandonment of orchards and natural regeneration of free spaces (stands 9, 10, 11, 14 and 15). A mixture of grafted trees and seedlings is the traditional way of cultivation in some areas (stands 17, 18 and 19). In most situations, stands are not far from old grafted orchards. The exceptions are most stands by the sea, in areas where there are no grafted orchards, and in consequence there is no evidence of an influence of domesticated varieties through naturalization (stands 1–6, 8, 12, 13). Trees in coppices reproduce from shoot stumps and coppices with standards (stands 22 and 23) are a mixture of trees that reproduced from shoot stumps and seedlings. Geographic zone Stand Site name Province Longitude Latitude Altitude Management type* Nº trees Population **   Atlantic     1 San Cibrán Pontevedra 8º40'56"W 42º11'17"N 225 high forest 21 Atlantic 2 Mogor Pontevedra 8°43'12"W 42°22'56"N 35 high forest 29 Atlantic 3 Mondariz Pontevedra 8°27'56"W 42°13'37"N 65 high forest 28 Atlantic 4 Ai Pontevedra 8°40'03"W 42°32'17"N 98 high forest 18 Atlantic 5 Serra de Outes Coruña 8°55'35"W 42°53'44"N 172 high forest 26 Atlantic   Cantabric             6 Anllóns Coruña 8°53'22"W 43°13'47"N 160 high forest 26 Cantabric 7 Sigrás A Coruña 8º21'47"W 43º17'07"N 100 high forest<sup>1</sup> 21 Cantabric 8 Maniños A Coruña 8º11'41"W 43º26'39"N 90 high forest 26 Cantabric 9 Fragas do Eume A Coruña 8º02'16"W 43º24'17"N 214 high forest <sup>2</sup> 23 Cantabric 10 Mondoñedo Lugo 7°21'46"W 43°25'41"N 270 high forest <sup>2</sup> 26 Cantabric 11 Nandiello Asturias 5º45'05"W 43º13'04"N 400 high forest <sup>2</sup> 24 Cantabric 12 Urdaibai Vizcaya 2°39'43"W 43°20'14"N 210 high forest 20 Cantabric 13 Etxaguen Álava 2º43'30"W 42º59'30"N 680 high forest 27 Cantabric 14 Antoñana Álava 2º24'28"W 42º41'48"N 735 high forest <sup>2</sup> 25 Cantabric   Inland NW Galicia and León 15 Folgoso Pontevedra 8°21'26"W 42°32'41"N 494 high forest <sup>2</sup> 26 Mixed 16 Fraga Catasós Pontevedra 8º05'32"W 42º38'12"N 580 high forest <sup>2</sup> 24 Mixed 17 Chantada Lugo 7º51'60"W 42º36'32"N 680 high forest <sup>2</sup> 22 Mixed 18 O Caurel A Lugo 7º10'16"W 42º37'51"N 800 high forest <sup>2</sup> 27 W. mediterranean 19 O Caurel B Lugo 7º09’05”W 42º38’18”N 650 high forest <sup>2</sup> 23 W. mediterranean 20 Las Médulas León 6º46'10''W 42º27'25''N 850 coppice<sup>1</sup> 25 Mixed Center and south Spain 21 El Tiemblo Ávila 4º31'57"W 40º20'43"N 1275 high forest 26 W. mediterranean 22 Hervás A Cáceres 5º51'52"W 40º15'13"N 945 coppice with standards<sup>1</sup> 29 W. mediterranean 23 Hervás B Cáceres 5º52'31"W 40º15'21"N 850 coppice with standards<sup>1</sup> 27 W. mediterranean 24 Guadalupe Cáceres 5º20'00"W 39º28'00"N 950 coppice 25 Mixed 25 Gaucín Málaga 5º18'04"W 36º32'14"N 700 high forest 33 Mixed W-E mediter<sup>3</sup>   Italy 26 Pellice Piemonte 07º09'00"E 44º49'00"N 775 high forest 24 Mixed W-E mediter<sup>3</sup> 27 Petralia Sicily 14º05'18"E 37º54'34"N 925 high forest 16 Mixed W-E mediter<sup>3</sup> Greece 28 Paiko N. Macedonia 22º22'18"E 40º57'42"N 650 high forest 24 E. mediterranean 29 Hortiatis C. Macedonia 23º09´18"E 40º22'45"N 490 high forest 24 E. mediterranean                                                                                                               <i>Microsatellites </i> The eight multilocus genotypes of 715 trees collected in the 29 chestnut stands are in the excel “Data of SSRs of 29 Castanea sativa populations” were previously used for population-genetic description of the same samples (Fernández-Cruz & Fernández-López, 2016). There were no missing values in the present selected set. The microsatellites and their linkage groups in parentheses (Barreneche <i>et al</i>., 2004) were: CsCAT14 (2); CsCAT16 (6); CsCAT41 (8) (Marinoni <i>et al</i>., 2003); EMCs2 (6); EMCs14 (5); EMCs15 (9) (Buck <i>et al.,</i> 2003); QpZAG36 (2) and QpZAG110 (8) (Steinkellner <i>et al</i>., 1997). The microsatellite CsCAT41 possesses two loci, CsCAT41a and CsCAT41b. The former was removed from the analysis because of null alleles. DNA extraction methods, PCR amplification conditions and capillary electrophoresis were described in Fernández-Cruz & Fernández-López (2012). <b>References</b> <b>Barreneche T, Casasoli M, Russell K, Akkak A, Meddour H, Plomion C, Villani F, Kremer A. 2004.</b> Comparative mapping between <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Castanea</i> using simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). <i>Theoretical and Applied Genetics </i><b>108</b>: 558–566. <b>Buck EJ, Hadonou M, James CJ, Blakesley D, Russell K. 2003. </b>Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in European chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i>Mill.). <i>Molecular Ecology Notes</i> <b>3</b>: 2137–2153. <b>Fernández-Cruz J, Fernández-López J. 2012.</b> Morphological, molecular and statistical tools to identify <i>Castanea</i> species and their hybrids. <i>Conservation Genetics</i> <b>13</b>: 1589–1600. <b>Fernández-Cruz J, Fernández-López J. 2016.</b> Genetic structure of wild sweet chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.) populations in northwest of Spain and their differences with other European stands. <i>Conservation Genetics</i> <b>17</b>: 949–967. <b>Marinoni D, Akkak A, Bounous G Edwards KJ, Botta R. 2003.</b> Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in <i>Castanea sativa </i>(Mill.). <i>Molecular Breeding </i><b>11: </b>127–136. <b>Steinkellner H, Fluch S, Turetschek E et al.</b> <b>1997.</b> Identification and characterization of (GA/CT)(n)-microsatellite loci from <i>Quercus petraea</i>. <i>Plant Molecular Biology</i> <b>33</b>: 1093–1096<b>.</b>
description: There are no missing values