cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/vpv7kr
title: Black Soldier Fly (Hermetiaillucens) Larvae as a Sustainable Source of Protein in Poultry Feeding: A Review

description: Currently, poultry producers in developing countries are facing problems of high cost and poor quality of poultry feed. Insects are one of the potential protein sources for poultry feed. The use of insects as poultry feed is not in direct competition with human for food consumption. The objective of this paper is to review the current work related to the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal as an alternative protein source in poultry feeding. Black soldier fly is a harmless insect serving as an alternative protein source in animal feeding and in the disposal of organic wastes, by-products, and side streams. The results of numerous studies showed that BSF larvae meal could safely and economically be used as protein concentrate in poultry ration. BSF larva contains high calcium and phosphorus and contains about 35-42% crude protein with biological value and comparable amino acid profile to that of soybean meal (SBM). The lysine and methionine contents of BSF larva are comparable to that of meat meal. Recent evidence suggests that the nutritional value of BSF larva is comparable to that of fish meal. Many authors suggested that BSF larvae meal could replace a fish meal or upgrade the nutritive value of SBM in broiler diets without any adverse effect on the production performance. The use of BSF larvae in layers diet resulted in enhanced laying performance and egg qualities. Generally, all the available literature confirms the feasibility of total or partial replacement of fish meal and SBM with BSF larvae meal. No negative effects were reported from growing chicks fed on BSF larvae meal. Most of the publications reviewed indicated that the growth of chicks fed with BSF larvae meal was either equivalent or superior to SBM in nutritive value as measured by the production performance of growing and laying birds. Therefore, the inclusion of BSF larvae meal into the poultry feeding system has both economic and environmental benefits.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/49bmwq/7bgzw0
title: 32-1-5-EJAS-2021-140 R1 Page 79-88 (GP)_Proofread by authors.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/49bmwq
title: Occurrence, Associated Risk Factors and Drug Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Fish Value Chain, Northwest Ethiopia

description: Salmonella is one of the major foodborne pathogens worldwide that fish food as one of the vehicles for its transmission. The study was conducted to estimate the occurrence, drug-resistant profile, and associated risk factors of Salmonella isolated from the fish value chain in Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select study districts, kebeles, and landing sites. Salmonella contamination of fish muscle was tested using selective media, followed by conventional biochemical tests and serological confirmation, using Antiserum Salmonella Polyvalent-O. Salmonella enumeration was accomplished using a traditional three-tube Most Probable Number (MPN) approach. Data on potential risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire through a face-to-face interview. Data were entered and analyzed using STATA version 12. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in the study area was 36.4 %. Twenty-five percent of Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one drug. Ciprofloxacin (CIP-5μg) was found to be the highest Salmonella drug resistance (9.8%) followed by Ceftazidime (CAZ-30μg) 5.9%. Two isolates (3.9%) of salmonella were resistant to three antibiotics. Factors that independently predict the occurrence of Salmonella were the presence of contamination 1.06 (95 % CI: 1.04, 5.4), non-iced fish after landing 2.2 (95 % CI: 1.09, 11.41), and poor handling practice 1.8 (95 % CI: 1.02, 13.32). In conclusion, our study results highlighted Salmonella as a potential fish origin food contaminant and a public health risk. Therefore, appropriate control measures, including awareness-raising and the creation of a new code of quality in general, should be implemented to mitigate the problem. Improving hygiene along the fish value chains to avoid cross-contamination at landing sites, fish retailers, hotels and restaurants is crucial to reduce the risk of salmonellosis through fish consumption in North-Western Ethiopia.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/paahvz/5debmi
title: 198468-Article Text-499277-1-10-20200807.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/paahvz
title: Effect of Deficit Irrigation Levels at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Raya Azebo Woreda, Northern Ethiopia

description: The scarcity of water is the most severe constraint for the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Under such conditions, the need to use the available water economically and efficiently is unquestionable. The important strategy for increasing water productivity and improving water use efficiency in the area of water scarcity was deficit irrigation. A field experiment was conducted at Mehoni Agricultural Research Center during offseason aimed at investigating the effect of deficit irrigation levels on water productivity of onion (Bombey Red variety) and the most sensitive growth stages of onion crop. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with sixteen treatment combinations and three replications. The treatments include four growth stages (initial, development, bulb formation and maturation) as main plot, and three deficit irrigation levels (80%, 60% and 40% of evapotranspiration of crop (ETc)), and one control irrigation of 100% ETc as subplot. Crop water requirement was estimated using actual daily climatic data. The result showed that deficit irrigation levels, time of deficit irrigation and their interaction had significant (p&lt; 0.01) effect on bulb yield and yield components. The treatment received 100% ETc at the time of development stage gave the highest total bulb yield of 30.67 t/ha with no significant difference from 60% deficit treatments during initial and maturation stages. The result showed that initial and maturation stages were the right time to practicing deficit irrigation without significant yield reduction. Water productivity was the highest with 60% deficit irrigation at maturation stage (8.96 kg/m3), and 0.17ha additional area to be irrigated by saved water. The yield response factor (Ky) was higher (1.98) when 40% deficit occurred at development stage. The result revealed that onion bulb yield was most sensitive to water deficit that occurred at development and bulb formation stages. While maximum yield was obtained when the whole crop water requirement was applied, implementing deficit irrigation at appropriate stage could increase the irrigated area as a result of high water productivity.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/66svpu/2dkzuc
title: 198472-Article Text-499400-1-10-20200811.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/66svpu
title: Performances of Arsi-Bale Lambs Fed Diets Based on Sugarcane Tops Silage and Hay as a Partial Substitute for Natural Pasture Hay

description: This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics and economic performances of yearling Arsi-Bale lambs fed diets based either sugarcane tops (SCT) silage or hay replacing natural pasture hay as a roughage source. The treatments were: natural pastures hay (NPH) without SCT (T1, control); substituting 33 and 67% NPH with either SCT silage (T2, T3) or SCT hay (T4, T5), on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Roughages were fed ad libitum along with 350 g/head/day concentrate mix. Thirty yearling Arsi-Bale lambs (Initial body weight, 19.36±0.27 kg) were allotted to the treatments in randomized complete block design. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days followed by slaughter for carcass evaluation. Dry matter intake was lower (P&lt;0.05) for lambs on the higher silage based diet, but not affected (P&gt;0.05) by the level of SCT hay. Lambs fed on a diet containing higher SCT hay had the lowest (P&lt;0.0001) crude protein (CP) intake, while the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower (P&lt;0.05) on higher silage diet, which associated with lower DM intake. Treatments did not vary (P&gt;0.05) in growth performances, feed efficiency (FE) and carcass characteristics of the lambs. The average final body weight, body weight change, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were: 27.21 kg, 7.85 kg, 87.22 g and 0.110 (g gain/g DM intake), respectively. Higher net income (113.08 Birr/lamb) and profit margin (0.47 Birr/lamb) were fetched by lambs fed on the silage based diet, followed by the group fed SCT hay and control diet. In conclusion, SCT silage or hay can replace up to 67% of natural pasture hay for yearling Arsi-Bale lambs at an economic advantage.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/bkuymk/xtspxo
title: 32-1-4-EJAS-2021-057 R2 Page 71-78 (GP).pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/bkuymk
title: Responses of Holstein and Boran X Holstein Crossbred Cows to Super-ovulatory Hormones used for In vivo Embryo Production

description: Variability in the response to super-ovulatory treatments in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and their crosses was reported to be a fundamental biological difference in reproductive function between them and has been a major barrier to the adoption of similar superovulation protocols. Therefore, this study was designed to optimize the super-ovulatory protocol for the Boran x Holstein crossbred cows. A total of 36 Boran x Holstein crossbred and pure Holstein cows 3-8 years of age were utilized for this study. A 7-day CIDR treatment was initiated on Day 0, and cows were treated on Days 4-7 with 500, 650, or 800 IU of Pluset® (combined FSH and LH product) administered at 12-hour intervals in a decreasing dose regimen. Estrumet (Prostaglandin F2α analogue) was given on day 7 before CIDR withdrawal. Each super-ovulated cow was monitored for 72 hours to assess behavioral estrus in response to super-ovulatory treatment. Ovarian response was also assessed by counting the number of corpora lutea and number of un-ovulated follicles via transrectal ultrasound scanning, the number of total collections, and the number of viable embryos. From the super-ovulated donor cows, Boran X Holstein crosses had a higher (P&lt;0.009) number of corpora lutea (15.45 ± 0.5) than pure Holstein (8.67± 3.06). The number of collected embryos/oocytes and the number of viable embryos collected was significantly higher for crossbred cows (p&lt;0.01, p=0.06) than the pure Holstein cows. Although it was not statistically significant, from the three Pluset® (combined FSH and LH product) dose levels the 650 IU dose have produced a higher response in terms of corpora lutea number and number of collected viable embryos. From the five-scale body condition scoring (Recorded 2.5 to 5) cows with 3.5 and 3.8 scales have produced a higher number of corpora lutea (15.74 ± 0.59; 14.33 ± 2.90, respectively), while those with 3.8 scores had the highest total number of collections (6.33 ± 2.60). From the findings, it can be concluded that Boran X Holstein crossbred cows have a better ovarian response to lower doses of exogenous gonadotropins than pure Holstein cows. The 650IU Pluset® dose level is the optimal level for superovulation of crossbreeds.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/asszuo/hyg055
title: 32-1-3-EJAS-2021-120 R1 Page 51-69 (GP)rev.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/asszuo
title: Dairy Cattle Market Participation and Performance in Selected Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Ethiopia

description: This study examined important factors determining the market participation of dairy cattle farmers in selected urban and peri-urban areas of Ethiopia. Descriptive and double-hurdle negative binomial count data (econometric) models were used to analyze the cross-sectional data that was collected from the farmers through a household survey. Results indicate that dairy farmers’ market participation and the marketing system in which they operate are poorly developed and are inclined to be informal. Though dairy farms' market participation varied by region, herd size, and farm owners’ socio-economic characteristics, more involvement was observed in the selling than in the buying of dairy cattle mainly due to limited space, disease incidence, and old age. Results from the econometric model suggest that farm owners’ selling and buying decisions took place in two separate stages (conception and action) and that each stage was influenced by sets of farm owners, farm and non-farm specific characteristics. The implication would be that most of the dairy farms would be forced to close business and the demand and supply gap would continue to persist. Improvement of the existing government attention towards dairy cattle business in urban and peri-urban areas is crucial for achieving better performance in the dairy marketing system and might be achieved through enforcement of urban-dairy production policies and organized (formal) market development such as the establishment of dairy production and cattle marketing hubs in peri-urban areas and trainings in animal husbandry practices considering the decision-making stages practiced by dairy farmers.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/9xurx2/m4hsnp
title: 198464-Article Text-499272-1-10-20200807.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/9xurx2
title: Assessment of the Impacts of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Control Activities in Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia

description: African Animal Trypanosomosis is the major constraint of livestock production in tsetse infested areas of Ethiopia and is the major challenge in Dawuro zone. Various interventions have been applied to control the disease in tsetse infested areas. However, there is a shortage of information on the impacts of these control methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to June, 2018 with the aims of assessing the apparent prevalence of the diseases and density of tsetse flies and the impacts of applied control interventions. The trap deployment and questionnaire survey were conducted. The apparent density of tsetse and Stomoxys were 5.37 FTD and 0.39 FTD respectively. The overall mean vector density of pre-intervention was 0.17 + 0.38 while post intervention was 5.50 ± 0.51 respectively. The findings of the questionnaire survey showed that livestock keepers were familiar with ruminant trypanosomosis, its vectors as well as the effect of the major control interventions applied in areas. There are continuous control interventions applied in the area but the results show that the disease prevalence and apparent density were increasing. Therefore, a comprehensive national wise evaluation of the impacts of control interventions should be undertaken.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/vhz3h2/ynbexu
title: 32-1-2-EJAS-2021-134 R1 Page 31-49 (GP).pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/vhz3h2
title: Fodder Yield and Nutritive Values of Hydroponically Grown Local Barley Landraces

description: Significant fodder production cannot easily be realized mainly due to the pressure on land for the production of staple food crops to feed the ever increasing human population in Ethiopia. To meet the parallel increasing demand for green fodder, one of the alternatives is hydroponic fodder to supplement the meager pasture resources. A study was conducted at Wollega University to evaluate the effect of watering interval, harvesting dates and landraces on fodder yield and nutritive values of three local barley landraces viz: black barley, Mosno, and white barley under hydroponic systems. All three landraces were grown for 12 consecutive days in lath house at 2, 3 and 4h watering intervals. The fodder was harvested at 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th days of growth. There were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) among dates of harvesting on hydroponic fodder yield and yield related components of all the landraces. The highest fodder growth was observed at 12th days after sowing, whereas the highest dry matter (DM) yield was recorded at the 6th day of growth. The average dry matter yield for the landraces were 23.3t/ha, 18.78t/ha and 19.85t/h2 for black barley, Mosno and white barley, respectively. The crude protein (CP) and cell wall contents were higher for sprouted barley landraces than its grain. The DM content of the barley grain was 93.6% and decreased to 91.1% for sprouted barley at 12th day of harvesting. The 6th date of harvesting of sprouted barley resulted in higher In vitro-dry matter digestibility. The CP content had increasing trend and remained highest on 12th day of harvesting. Therefore, it can be concluded that watering at 4h interval had resulted in the highest biomass yield and yield related components of barley grown under hydroponic system. Among the landraces used in this experiment, Mosno was found to be best variety for green fodder biomass yield and as well for better nutritive values. The 12th date of harvesting was identified as optimum time of harvesting for highest hydroponic fodder yield and yield related components. Sprouting barley had highest CP, cell wall contents (NDF, ADF and ADL) and ash contents compared to its grain counterpart. The IVDMD and DM percentage were higher in barley grain than sprouted barley fodder landraces. Watering at 4 h interval and harvesting at 12th day could be recommended for applications for the production of optimum fodder with better nutritive values from hydroponically grown barley. On the basis of this finding, it is also very important to undertake feeding experiments to see dairy performances of cows and/or other feeding trials for evaluating animal performances and economic returns.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/jucgfp/1fi7kc
title: 32-1-1-EJAS-2021-119 R2 Page 1-29 (GP).pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/jucgfp
title: Recovery of Soil Health and Crop Productivity of Degraded Cultivated Land of Northwest Ethiopian Highlands

description: Severe soil degradation and fertility depletion have resulted in poor soil health and low crop productivity in the cultivated land of most Ethiopian highlands. Thus, a three-year experiment from 2013 to 2015 was conducted to assess the potential of crop rotation and organic matter application for recovery of the soil health and crop productivity of cultivated land in northwest Ethiopian highlands. Factorial combinations of five crop rotations [bread wheat–clover–potato (R1+); clover–bread wheat undersowing lupine– potato (R2+); potato–clover–bread wheat (R3+); bread wheat undersowing lupine–potato undersowing lupine–bread wheat (R4+); and lupine–potato undersowing lupine–bread wheat (R5+)] and four manure application rates [control without manure (M1); 2.5 t ha-1 sesbania green manure SGM (M2); 5 t ha-1 fresh cattle manure FCM (M3); and 2.5 t ha-1 SGM + 5 t ha-1 FCM (M4)] were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications at on-station and on-farm testing sites. Interaction of crop rotation and manure application significantly improved the soil properties and crop productivity of the experimental plots. Combined applications of crop rotation and manure in a three-year period resulted in the improvement of crop productivity up to 13 folds, as well as of bulk density, pH, CEC, and contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium of the experimental soils up to 25, 20, 67, 92, 154, 96 and 54 percent, respectively, compared to their baseline records. These highest improvements of physicochemical soil properties and crop productivity were mainly recorded from the interaction of R1+ and M4. The results clearly showed that long-term sound crop rotation and organic matter application have a great potential for recovering the soil health and crop productivity of degraded cultivated land in Ethiopian highlands.
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/ksgxdg/vhpjcs
title: 198462-Article Text-499266-1-10-20200807.pdf

description: :unav
DOI: 10.20372/eiar-rdm/ksgxdg
title: The effect of Supplementing Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seed Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Cobb 500 Broilers Reared on Conventional Ration

description: A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers. A total of 156 day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups in a completely randomized design with three replicates of 13 chicks each which lasted for 42 days. The experimental diets were: Control (T1, commercial broiler diet), T1 + 1% fenugreek seed powder (T2), T1 + 2% fenugreek seed powder (T3), T1 + 3% fenugreek seed powder. The dry matter intake increased with increasing the levels of fenugreek seed powder in the ration. The crude protein and metaboizable energy intake for T3 and T4 was higher (P&lt;0.05) than those fed T1 and T2 diets. The average daily gain (ADG) for T4 and T3 was higher (P&lt;0.05) than those fed T1 diets while T2 had an intermediate value during the growing phase. During the finisher and the entire period the highest (P&lt;0.05) ADG was for T4 while the lowest (P&lt;0.05) was for T1. During the finisher phase and entire period T4 had higher (P&lt;0.05) feed conversion efficiency compared with T1 and T3 diets. The slaughter weight, uneviscerated carcass, eviscerated carcass and thigh weight increased (P&lt;0.05) with increasing levels of fenugreek seed powder. Thorax, back and drumstick for T1 was lower (P&lt;0.05) than that of T3 and T4. Neck and breast muscle for T4 was greater (P&lt;0.05) than that of T1 and T2. The highest (P&lt;0.05) total carcass weight was for T4. The fenugreek supplemented group had the highest (P&lt;0.05) dressing percentage. The control diet (T1) had the highest abdominal fat. The dry matter, ash and protein content of the meat were higher (P&lt;0.05) in the broilers receiving fenugreek supplemented diet, with no significant differences among the supplemented group. The control diet (T1) had the highest (P&lt;0.05) cooking loss, pH and water holding capacity. It can be concluded that better performance was observed when fenugreek seed powder is added up to 3% in commercial broiler diet under conditions of the current experiment
DOI: 10.17632/pnf3zxrm3n.1
title: Improvement in dust storm simulation by considering stone coverage effects for stony deserts in East Asia

description: Figure 1 is made from Figure1a.csv and Figure1b.csv. Figure 2 is made from stone coverage_cf1km.dat/ctl and veg201705.dat/ctl. Figure 3 is made from Figure3.txt and Figure4.dat/ctl. Figure 4 is made from Figure4.dat/ctl and synop files. Table 1 is calculated from the Figure 4 data. Figure S1 is made from Tsogt-Ovoo-winds-model.csv and Tsogt-Ovoo-winds-obs201704/05.csv. Figure S2 is made from FigureS2.dat/ctl. Figure S3 is made from the same files of Figure 4. Figure S4 is made from FigureS4.dat/ctl.
DOI: 10.5066/p9mo25z7
title: Poultry Feeding Operations on the Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Peninsula from 2016 to 2017

description: Data release contains two shapefiles related to poultry houses on the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware, Eastern Shore Maryland and, Eastern Shore Virginia). One dataset is a polygon shapefile representing 5747 poultry houses identified using 2016 and 2017 aerial imagery from the U.S. Department of Agricultures National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP). The second dataset is a point shapefile of inactive houses which displayed similar characteristics to the active houses except were overgrown or in a state of disrepair (in some cases only the building's footprint remains).