cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102682.v1
title: Latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in children and adolescents

description: ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection. Methods: A retrospective study, between 2012 and 2015, with data from patients of Programa Einstein na Comunidade de Paraisópolis. To evaluate possible factors associated with patient's sex and diagnoses of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, χ2 or Fisher's exact tests were used for qualitative variables, and Mann-Whitney test for quantitative or ordinal qualitative variables. Results: A total of 77 patients were evaluated. Age ranged from 6 months to 13.4 years, with a majority of males (54.5%), aged zero to 4 years (54.5%), diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (64.9%), and classified as eutrophic (71.2%). The tuberculin test was positive in 92% and in most cases the values were above 10mm (68.0%). Approximately three-quarters of chest X-ray tests were normal (72.7%). After chest X-ray, computed tomography of thorax was the most ordered exam (29.9%), followed by smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the gastric aspirate (28.6%). The frequencies of altered chest X-ray (70.4% versus 4.0%), computed tomography of thorax requests (55.6% versus 16.0%) and other tests requested (81.5% versus 38.0%) were significantly higher in patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis, relative to those with latent tuberculosis infection, respectively. Conclusion: In our sample, proportions of altered chest X-ray, and performing computed tomography of thorax and other tests in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis were higher than in those with latent tuberculosis infection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102673
title: Effect of Hot Deformation on Microstructure, Hardness and Precipitation Kinetics in a C350 Maraging Steel Modified by Titanium Addition

description: Maraging steels are alloys with a good balance between strength and fracture toughness. These properties are obtained by quenching and aging treatments, where the precipitation of intermetallic compounds is promoted in a martensitic matrix. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate the effect of hot deformation on microstructure, kinetics and formation of reverted austenite in a C350 maraging steel modified by titanium addition, in order to improve the mechanical properties without addition of alloying elements. The following characterization techniques were used: optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness and Dilatometry. The results showed that the deformation promoted a refinement of martensitic packages and blocks, proportional to the reduction of height and a preferred alignment towards the center of the sample. In the aging treatment, the deformation accelerated the kinetics of precipitation and formation of reverted austenite. It was also verified a reduction of the volumetric variation produced by reactions and a reduction of precipitation temperature and formation of reverted austenite in the greater deformation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102676
title: Esthetic perception of facial profile after treatment with the Thurow appliance

description: The objective of this article was to investigate the perception of esthetic changes in the facial profile of bilateral Class II patients treated with the Modified Thurow Appliance for extraoral treatment. Silhouettes were traced of profiles of patients who initially presented a bilateral Class II molar relationship and who, post-treatment, presented molars in a Class I relationship. Three groups were formed: the first composed of patients with maxillary protrusion (SNA &gt;84°), the second with maxillary retrusion (SNA &lt;80°), and the third with a well-positioned maxilla (SNA 80-84°). A panel of 200 lay evaluators judged the profile esthetics by a randomized drawing of the silhouettes. The multiple analysis results showed that the profile esthetic scores for the three positions of the maxilla were greatly influenced by significant interactions with the characteristics (like sex and age) of the evaluators: retrusive maxilla (Score *Age Group, p&lt; 0.001), normal maxilla (Score *Sex, p= 0.024; Score *Age Group,p= 0.050) and protrusive maxilla (Score *Age Group,p&lt; 0.001). It was observed that the profile of Class II patients with protrusion, normal relationship and retrusion of the maxilla, improved in their esthetic post-treatment result; however, the evaluators showed greater satisfaction with the groups of protrusion and normal position of the maxilla. The Modified Thurow Appliance provided significant improvements in the esthetics of the profile of patients who presented protrusion and normal position of the maxilla. However, its use was not the best treatment option for patients with maxillary retrusion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102676.v1
title: Esthetic perception of facial profile after treatment with the Thurow appliance

description: The objective of this article was to investigate the perception of esthetic changes in the facial profile of bilateral Class II patients treated with the Modified Thurow Appliance for extraoral treatment. Silhouettes were traced of profiles of patients who initially presented a bilateral Class II molar relationship and who, post-treatment, presented molars in a Class I relationship. Three groups were formed: the first composed of patients with maxillary protrusion (SNA &gt;84°), the second with maxillary retrusion (SNA &lt;80°), and the third with a well-positioned maxilla (SNA 80-84°). A panel of 200 lay evaluators judged the profile esthetics by a randomized drawing of the silhouettes. The multiple analysis results showed that the profile esthetic scores for the three positions of the maxilla were greatly influenced by significant interactions with the characteristics (like sex and age) of the evaluators: retrusive maxilla (Score *Age Group, p&lt; 0.001), normal maxilla (Score *Sex, p= 0.024; Score *Age Group,p= 0.050) and protrusive maxilla (Score *Age Group,p&lt; 0.001). It was observed that the profile of Class II patients with protrusion, normal relationship and retrusion of the maxilla, improved in their esthetic post-treatment result; however, the evaluators showed greater satisfaction with the groups of protrusion and normal position of the maxilla. The Modified Thurow Appliance provided significant improvements in the esthetics of the profile of patients who presented protrusion and normal position of the maxilla. However, its use was not the best treatment option for patients with maxillary retrusion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102670
title: The Influence of Velocity Field Approximationsin Tracer Injection Processes

description: ABSTRACT Although the concentration is the most important variable in tracer injection processes, an efficient and accurate velocity field approximation is crucial to obtain a good physical behaviour for the problem. In this paper we analyse a Stabilized Dual Hybrid Mixed (SDHM) method to solve the Darcy’s system in the velocity and pressure variables that involves the conservation of mass and Darcy’s law. This approach is locally conservative, free of compromise between the finite element approximation spaces and capable of dealing with heterogeneous media with discontinuous properties. The tracer concentration is solved via a combination of the Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method in space with an implicit finite difference scheme in time. We also employ a semi-analytical approach (Abbaszadeh-Dehghani analytical solution) to integrate the transport equation. A numerical comparative study using the SDHM formulation, the Galerkin method and a post-processing technique to calculate the velocity field in combination with those concentration approximation methodologies are presented. In all comparisons, the SDHM formulation appears as the most efficient, accurate and almost free of spurious oscillations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102673.v1
title: Effect of Hot Deformation on Microstructure, Hardness and Precipitation Kinetics in a C350 Maraging Steel Modified by Titanium Addition

description: Maraging steels are alloys with a good balance between strength and fracture toughness. These properties are obtained by quenching and aging treatments, where the precipitation of intermetallic compounds is promoted in a martensitic matrix. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate the effect of hot deformation on microstructure, kinetics and formation of reverted austenite in a C350 maraging steel modified by titanium addition, in order to improve the mechanical properties without addition of alloying elements. The following characterization techniques were used: optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness and Dilatometry. The results showed that the deformation promoted a refinement of martensitic packages and blocks, proportional to the reduction of height and a preferred alignment towards the center of the sample. In the aging treatment, the deformation accelerated the kinetics of precipitation and formation of reverted austenite. It was also verified a reduction of the volumetric variation produced by reactions and a reduction of precipitation temperature and formation of reverted austenite in the greater deformation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102664
title: Flower trade-offs derived from nectar investment in female reproduction of two Nicotiana species (Solanaceae)

description: ABSTRACT Animal-pollinated flowers may orient resources for competing activities, such as nectar production for attracting flower visitors but then saving nectar (through inhibiting nectar production or by final resorption) for the subsequent maturation of fruits and seeds. Nectar production is continuous in Nicotiana longiflora and N. alata after flower opening, but early nectar removal reduces total secreted nectar. Resource trade-off between nectar investment and seed production were experimentally assessed in manually pollinated flowers experiencing different numbers of repeated nectar removals, while controlling for maternal effects. We expected that flowers with less nectar secretion produce larger seed sets. The results showed that for both species the earlier the nectar removal during flower anthesis, the lower the total nectar secreted and the higher the mass of seeds produced. This general pattern was clearer for N. longiflora. The link between decreased nectar production and the subsequent increase in the seed set implies that resources are limited. Consequently, nectar savings during the pollination process through early nectar removal by pollinators can be interpreted as a trade-off between resources secreted by flowers for pollinator attraction and those utilized during fruit and seed maturation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102670.v1
title: The Influence of Velocity Field Approximationsin Tracer Injection Processes

description: ABSTRACT Although the concentration is the most important variable in tracer injection processes, an efficient and accurate velocity field approximation is crucial to obtain a good physical behaviour for the problem. In this paper we analyse a Stabilized Dual Hybrid Mixed (SDHM) method to solve the Darcy’s system in the velocity and pressure variables that involves the conservation of mass and Darcy’s law. This approach is locally conservative, free of compromise between the finite element approximation spaces and capable of dealing with heterogeneous media with discontinuous properties. The tracer concentration is solved via a combination of the Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method in space with an implicit finite difference scheme in time. We also employ a semi-analytical approach (Abbaszadeh-Dehghani analytical solution) to integrate the transport equation. A numerical comparative study using the SDHM formulation, the Galerkin method and a post-processing technique to calculate the velocity field in combination with those concentration approximation methodologies are presented. In all comparisons, the SDHM formulation appears as the most efficient, accurate and almost free of spurious oscillations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102661
title: Effect of Bead Overlapping on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrWC Alloy Coatings

description: In order to protect industrial components, cobalt base alloys are applied as hardfacing material through welding techniques. A large number of papers have shown that controlling the chemical composition is a key point regarding the wear and corrosion resistance of coatings. This paper investigated the effect of bead overlapping on the microstructure and properties of CoCrWC alloy coatings. Mechanical properties were determined by hardness, sliding wear and microtensile tests. Bead overlapping reduces dilution during the previous bead melting, which in turn induces lower iron content. From the second bead on, an increase in the amount of interdendritic carbides and solid solution alloying was verified, accounting for the higher mechanical properties of the coatings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102664.v1
title: Flower trade-offs derived from nectar investment in female reproduction of two Nicotiana species (Solanaceae)

description: ABSTRACT Animal-pollinated flowers may orient resources for competing activities, such as nectar production for attracting flower visitors but then saving nectar (through inhibiting nectar production or by final resorption) for the subsequent maturation of fruits and seeds. Nectar production is continuous in Nicotiana longiflora and N. alata after flower opening, but early nectar removal reduces total secreted nectar. Resource trade-off between nectar investment and seed production were experimentally assessed in manually pollinated flowers experiencing different numbers of repeated nectar removals, while controlling for maternal effects. We expected that flowers with less nectar secretion produce larger seed sets. The results showed that for both species the earlier the nectar removal during flower anthesis, the lower the total nectar secreted and the higher the mass of seeds produced. This general pattern was clearer for N. longiflora. The link between decreased nectar production and the subsequent increase in the seed set implies that resources are limited. Consequently, nectar savings during the pollination process through early nectar removal by pollinators can be interpreted as a trade-off between resources secreted by flowers for pollinator attraction and those utilized during fruit and seed maturation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102658
title: PARTICIPANTS OF ONCOLOGIC CLINICAL TRIALS: PROFILE AND ASPECTS INVOLVED IN THEIR DECISIONS

description: Abstract This is a study about the participants of clinical trials in the field of oncology that discusses the paradox between scientific advances and social inequality. We sought to get to know these people and to analyze the aspects involved in their decisions based on interviews and documents. Female participation was more expressive. The participants tend to have low schooling and low income. Most of them are retirees and housewives, and do not get assistance from the private health system. Their decisions revolved around the search for cure or recovery, as well as for the assurance of regular access to comprehensive health care and medicines. Signing the free and informed consent form did not guarantee the expression of autonomy, because crucial information, such as the goals, risks and post-study care are virtually unknown. The research participants tend to not understand the goals of the investigation, or they overestimate the direct medical benefits of their participation, and they tend to be unaware of the risks involved and of what does a research mean. The results should stimulate more critical practices and dialogues among the different players and institutions involved in the field of the research with human subjects, with the goal of promoting a science that is conscious and responsible, and that prevents people from being put in situations of inequality, vulnerability and moral suffering.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102655
title: How erosive drinks and enzyme inhibitors impact bond strength to dentin

description: Concern has been raised about the bonding of restorative procedures to an erosive lesion, given the change in organic and inorganic composition and structure of this substrate. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of erosive drinks and an enzyme inhibitor (2% chlorhexidine digluconate – 2% CHX) on bond strength to dentin. Sixty sound human third molars were selected, and the occlusal enamel was flattened, exposing the dentin surface. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups: AS-Artificial saliva (control group), RC- Regular Cola and ZC- Zero Cola. Twenty specimens were immersed in their respective solution for 1 minute, 3 times a day, over the course of 5 days. After acid etching and before bonding with Adper Single Bond 2, half of the samples of each group (n = 10) were treated with 2% CHX, whereas the other half (n = 10) were not, forming the control group (CONV). All the specimens were restored with Filtek Z250 composite resin filled in Tygon tubes (0.48 mm2), yielding six microcylinders for microshear bond strength testing. Three composite resin microcylinders of each specimen were tested after 1 month, and the remaining microcylinders were tested after 6 months. Failure modes were determined using a stereomicroscope (40x). The data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Overall bonding was reduced after 6 months, regardless of treatment. The 2% CHX enhanced bond strength after 1 month only in the ZC group, and did not enhance bonding performance to demineralized dentin by erosive protocol after 6 months in any group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102658.v1
title: PARTICIPANTS OF ONCOLOGIC CLINICAL TRIALS: PROFILE AND ASPECTS INVOLVED IN THEIR DECISIONS

description: Abstract This is a study about the participants of clinical trials in the field of oncology that discusses the paradox between scientific advances and social inequality. We sought to get to know these people and to analyze the aspects involved in their decisions based on interviews and documents. Female participation was more expressive. The participants tend to have low schooling and low income. Most of them are retirees and housewives, and do not get assistance from the private health system. Their decisions revolved around the search for cure or recovery, as well as for the assurance of regular access to comprehensive health care and medicines. Signing the free and informed consent form did not guarantee the expression of autonomy, because crucial information, such as the goals, risks and post-study care are virtually unknown. The research participants tend to not understand the goals of the investigation, or they overestimate the direct medical benefits of their participation, and they tend to be unaware of the risks involved and of what does a research mean. The results should stimulate more critical practices and dialogues among the different players and institutions involved in the field of the research with human subjects, with the goal of promoting a science that is conscious and responsible, and that prevents people from being put in situations of inequality, vulnerability and moral suffering.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102661.v1
title: Effect of Bead Overlapping on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrWC Alloy Coatings

description: In order to protect industrial components, cobalt base alloys are applied as hardfacing material through welding techniques. A large number of papers have shown that controlling the chemical composition is a key point regarding the wear and corrosion resistance of coatings. This paper investigated the effect of bead overlapping on the microstructure and properties of CoCrWC alloy coatings. Mechanical properties were determined by hardness, sliding wear and microtensile tests. Bead overlapping reduces dilution during the previous bead melting, which in turn induces lower iron content. From the second bead on, an increase in the amount of interdendritic carbides and solid solution alloying was verified, accounting for the higher mechanical properties of the coatings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102652
title: Impact of wildfire smoke in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on ocular surface

description: Purpose: To evaluate the acute impact of the wildfire smoke episode in 2008 on the ocular surface of subjects living in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA). Methods: A total of 86 subjects were evaluated: Group 1 comprised patients from a public ophthalmology hospital (N=35) and Group 2 comprised healthy volunteers (N=51). All subjects answered a questionnaire on ocular symptoms and underwent ophthalmologic examination [bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, corneal fluorescein staining, rose bengal vital staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, tear lysozyme, and impression cytology] during and after the acute episode. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM) were measured before, during, and after the acute episode. Results: Both groups showed a statically significant increase in ocular symptoms and bulbar conjunctival hyperemia and a statically significant decrease in tear break-up time during the acute episode. Group 1 showed more severe symptoms and a statistically significant increase in fluorescein and rose bengal staining intensities during the acute episode. We found a significant negative correlation between ocular symptoms and tear break-up time. During the episode, the levels of CO, NO2, and particulate matter in MABA were four times higher than the usual average levels for the same period in 2007 and 2009. Conclusions: Increased air pollution from the burning of biomass is associated with a decrease in the stability of the tear film (TBUT), generating areas of ocular surface exposure that may be the cause of the increased feeling of irritation. Group 1 was more affected by not having a healthy ocular surface, and thus consulted an ophthalmologist. Cytological changes in the conjunctiva were not observed, which could be due to the short duration of the episode.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7102655.v1
title: How erosive drinks and enzyme inhibitors impact bond strength to dentin

description: Concern has been raised about the bonding of restorative procedures to an erosive lesion, given the change in organic and inorganic composition and structure of this substrate. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of erosive drinks and an enzyme inhibitor (2% chlorhexidine digluconate – 2% CHX) on bond strength to dentin. Sixty sound human third molars were selected, and the occlusal enamel was flattened, exposing the dentin surface. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups: AS-Artificial saliva (control group), RC- Regular Cola and ZC- Zero Cola. Twenty specimens were immersed in their respective solution for 1 minute, 3 times a day, over the course of 5 days. After acid etching and before bonding with Adper Single Bond 2, half of the samples of each group (n = 10) were treated with 2% CHX, whereas the other half (n = 10) were not, forming the control group (CONV). All the specimens were restored with Filtek Z250 composite resin filled in Tygon tubes (0.48 mm2), yielding six microcylinders for microshear bond strength testing. Three composite resin microcylinders of each specimen were tested after 1 month, and the remaining microcylinders were tested after 6 months. Failure modes were determined using a stereomicroscope (40x). The data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Overall bonding was reduced after 6 months, regardless of treatment. The 2% CHX enhanced bond strength after 1 month only in the ZC group, and did not enhance bonding performance to demineralized dentin by erosive protocol after 6 months in any group.