cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt3q
title: Different patterns of white matter microstructural alterations between psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar disorder

description: This study aimed to investigate alterations in white matter microstructure
 in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD and
 NPBD, respectively). We used 3T-magnetic resonance imaging to examine 29
 PBD, 23 NPBD, and 65 healthy control (HC) subjects. Using tract-based
 spatial statistics for diffusion tensor imaging data, we compared
 fractional anisotropy and mean diffusion pairwise among the PBD, NPBD, and
 HC groups. We found several white matter areas of decreased fractional
 anisotropy or increased mean diffusion in the PBD and NPBD groups
 compared to HC. PBD showed widespread fractional anisotropy decreases in
 the corpus callosum as well as the bilateral internal capsule and fornix.
 However, NPBD showed local fractional anisotropy decreases in a part of
 the corpus callosum body as well as in limited regions within the left
 cerebral hemisphere, including the anterior and posterior corona radiata
 and the cingulum. In addition, both PBD and NPBD shared widespread mean
 diffusion increases across the posterior corona radiata,
 cingulum, and sagittal stratum. These findings suggest that widespread
 white matter microstructural alterations might be a common neuroanatomical
 characteristic of bipolar disorder, regardless of being psychotic or
 non-psychotic. Particularly, PBD might involve extensive inter-and
 intra-hemispheric white matter connectivity disruptions.
description: MRI data were acquired using a
 3-Tesla MRI scanner (Ingenia CX; Philips, Erlangen) equipped with a
 32-channel head coil at National Center for Mental Health.
 A diffusion-weighted image
 was acquired using
 single-shot echo-planar
 imaging
 sequence with the
 following parameters: acquisition matrix = 128 × 128, voxel size = 1.75 ×
 1.75 × 2 mm<sup>3</sup>, axial slices = 72, FOV = 224 × 224
 mm<sup>2</sup>, TE = 90 ms, TR = 9000 ms, flip angle = 90°,
 slice gap = 0 mm, b-value = 0 and 1000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>, and
 diffusion sensitive gradient direction = 64. The baseline image without
 weighting was used [0, 0, 0].
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w6m905qr2
title: Stomatal density, size and space-use efficiency at the community level in China

description: The maximum stomatal conductance (g), a major anatomical constraint on
 plant productivity, is a function of the stomatal area fraction (f) and
 stomatal space-use efficiency (e). However, f and g have been considered
 as equivalents, with e rarely considered, and their adaptation to the
 environment and their regulation of ecosystem productivity are unclear.
 Here, we analyzed the community-weighted mean, variance, skewness, and
 kurtosis of stomatal traits from tropical to cold-temperature forests. The
 variance of g and f was higher for arid sites, indicating greater
 functional niche differentiation, whereas that for e was lower, indicating
 convergence in efficiency. Besides, when other stomatal trait
 distributions remained unchanged, increasing kurtosis but decreasing
 skewness of g would improve ecosystem productivity, and f showed the
 opposite patterns. These findings highlight how the relative importance
 and equivalence of inter-related traits can differ at community scale.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3xsj3txhs
title: Pyzoflex technology testing for powder flow monitoring

description: These data represent a signal collection from the Pyzoflex(R) sensor when
 exposed to diverse amounts of powder driven by Argon gas flow, to be used
 in the laser cladding process.
description: The data was collected using a Vortex Microcontroller equipped
 with a set of adequate electronic components. A specific software was
 designed to read, interprete and represent the data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2547d7wrz
title: The Darwinian shortfall in plants: phylogenetic knowledge is driven by range size

description: The Darwinian shortfall, i.e., the lack of knowledge of phylogenetic
 relationships, significantly impedes our understanding of evolutionary
 drivers of global patterns of biodiversity. Spatial bias in the Darwinian
 shortfall, where phylogenetic knowledge in some regions is more complete
 than others, could undermine eco- and biogeographic inferences. Yet,
 spatial biases in phylogenetic knowledge for major groups – such as plants
 – remain poorly understood. Using data for 337,023 species (99.7%) of seed
 plants (Spermatophyta), we produced a global map of phylogenetic knowledge
 based on regional data and tested several potential drivers of the
 observed spatial variation. Regional phylogenetic knowledge was defined as
 the proportion of the regional seed plant flora represented in GenBank’s
 nucleotide database with phylogenetically relevant data. We used
 simultaneous autoregressive models to explain variation in phylogenetic
 knowledge based on three biodiversity variables (species richness, range
 size and endemism) and six socioeconomic variables representing funding
 and accessibility. We compared observed patterns and relationships to
 established patterns of the Wallacean shortfall (the lack of knowledge of
 species distributions). We found that the Darwinian shortfall is strongly
 and significantly related to the macroecological distribution of species’
 range sizes. Small-ranged species were significantly less likely to have
 phylogenetic data, leading to a concentration of the Darwinian shortfall
 in species-rich, tropical countries where range sizes are small on
 average. Socioeconomic factors were less important, with significant but
 quantitatively small effects of accessibility and funding. In conclusion,
 reducing the Darwinian shortfall and smoothening its spatial bias will
 require increased efforts to sequence the world’s small-ranged (endemic)
 species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.crjdfn35q
title: Data from: Studying biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in experimental microcosms among islands

description: Ecological studies on islands have provided fundamental insights into the
 mechanisms underlying biodiversity of larger organisms, but we know little
 about the factors affecting island microbial biodiversity and ecosystem
 function. We conducted a field experiment on five Baltic Sea islands where
 we placed aquatic microcosms with different levels of salinity mimicking
 environmental stress and allowed diatoms to colonize the microcosms via
 air. Using structural equation models (SEM), we investigated the
 interconnections among environmental and dispersal-related factors, diatom
 biodiversity, and ecosystem productivity (represented by chlorophyll a
 concentration). We also tested whether the body size structure of the
 community influences productivity together with biodiversity. In SEMs, we
 found no relationship between species richness or evenness and
 productivity. Rather, productivity increased with increasing mean body
 size of species in the communities. The effects of environmental stress on
 both biodiversity and ecosystem productivity were highlighted as species
 richness and evenness declined, whereas productivity increased at the
 highest salinity levels. In addition to salinity, wind exposure affected
 both biodiversity metrics and productivity. This study provides new
 insights into microbial community assembly in a field experimental setting
 and the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Our
 results indicate that salinity presents a strong abiotic filter, leading
 to communities that may be species-poor, yet comprise salinity-tolerant
 and relatively productive species at high salinity. Our findings also
 emphasize the importance of mean community body size in mediating the
 effects of environmental conditions on productivity and suggest that this
 trait should be considered more broadly in biodiversity-ecosystem function
 studies.
description: Data are compiled in an Excel worksheet with 2 tabs: 1)
 environmental, spatial, chlorophyll a, biovolume, and diatom diversity
 data for the experimental microcosms; 2) presence-absence diatom
 species data for the experimental microcosms. The readme file includes
 explanations for the variables in the data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xgxd254hr
title: Climbing parrots achieve pitch stability using axial-appendicular force couples

description: During vertical climbing, the gravitational moment tends to pitch the
 animal’s head away from the climbing surface and this may be countered by
 1) applying a correcting torque at a discrete contact point, or 2)
 applying opposing horizontal forces at separate contact points to produce
 a free moment. We tested these potential strategies in small parrots with
 an experimental climbing apparatus imitating the fine branches and vines
 of their natural habitat. The birds climbed on a vertical ladder with four
 instrumented rungs that measured three-dimensional force and torque,
 representing the first measurements of multiple contacts from a climbing
 bird. The parrots ascend primarily by pulling upward from the upper rung
 using the beak and feet. They resist the gravitational pitching moment
 with a free moment produced by horizontal force couples between the beak
 and feet during the first third of the stride and the tail and feet during
 the last third of the stride. The reaction torque from individual rungs
 did not counter, but exacerbated the gravitational pitching moment.
 Possible climbing limitations were explored using two different rung
 radii, each with low and high friction surfaces. Rung torque was limited
 in the large-radius, low-friction condition, however, rung condition did
 not significantly influence free moments produced. These findings have
 implications for our understanding of avian locomotor modules (i.e.,
 coordinated actions of the head-neck, hindlimbs, and tail), the use of
 force couples in vertical locomotion, and the evolution of associated
 structures.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x5b
title: Cover crop and irrigation impacts on weeds and maize yield

description: Winter cover crops (CC) may facilitate weed management by inhibiting weed
 seed germination and seedling emergence and suppressing weed growth within
 the cash crop. In southern New Mexico, with scarce winter precipitation
 and limited irrigation water, producing sufficient CC biomass for
 effective weed suppression while conserving water resources is
 challenging. This study assessed the water requirement to produce a CC
 with enough biomass for weed suppression benefits during cash crop growth
 at two locations in New Mexico. Three winter CC species, barley, Austrian
 winter pea and mustard, grown singly and in a three‐way mix, under three
 differential irrigation treatments (one, two or three irrigations after
 emergence) were evaluated for their weed‐suppressive potential. Maize was
 planted as a cash crop four weeks after winter CC termination. Number of
 irrigations had no effect on the CC and weed biomass production. All CCs
 had lower weed density prior to maize planting compared with fallow.
 Barley and the three‐way mix reduced weed density by 56–96% and 68–95%,
 respectively. All CC treatments had lower weed biomass at the end of
 critical period for weed control in maize compared with fallow. Weed
 biomass at maize harvest did not differ between treatments. The maize
 yield was consistently higher in conventionally managed, weed‐free
 subplots, than in unsprayed weedy subplots, suggesting that CCs did not
 suppress weeds throughout the maize growing season. Except for barley, CCs
 did not cause reductions in maize yield compared with fallow. Overall, the
 study suggested that with adequate winter precipitation, weed‐suppressive
 winter cover crop stands can be produced with just one irrigation at
 seeding and one supplemental irrigation, making them a viable option in
 water‐limited agroecosystems.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2zch
title: Population structure and dynamics, breeding activity and phenology of the blue-sided treefrog (Agalychnis annae)

description: Agalychnis annae is a species endemic to Costa Rica and Panama with
 populations shrinking or disappearing from several locations. We studied
 the reproduction of a relict population of A. annae in a 1,300 m2 natural
 pond in Costa Rica during 2007–2008. We marked adults with a visible
 implant alphanumeric tag injected in the thigh. We measured reproductive
 effort considering calling males per night and per hour, number of pairs
 in amplexus, and number of egg masses. We summed 366 individual
 observations: 57% juveniles, 39% adult males and 4% adult females. Average
 SVL was 29 mm (juveniles), 63 mm (males) and 78 mm (females). Sex ratio
 (males:females) was 4.85:1, while operational sex ratio varied between 1–6
 males per female when both sexes were present at the pond. Maximum
 estimated census population size varied between 27 and 59 individuals,
 with a Ne = 43.11. Calling activity occurred mostly from 1800 h – 2000 h,
 and we counted 65 egg masses. Number of adults and calling males were
 positively correlated with accumulated rainfall and average temperature.
 Number of egg masses was positively correlated with the number of adults,
 accumulated rainfall, and average temperature. The causes of the long-term
 population decline must be identified to conserve A. annae and similar
 species, as well as establishing long-term monitoring programs. Required
 conservation actions include: translocation individuals from risky areas,
 creation of artificial ponds to increase ecological connectivity,
 elimination of introduced species, particularly in small habitat remnants,
 and establishment of ex situ conservation programs.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1hq
title: Data from: Conservation and convergence of genetic architecture in the adaptive radiation of anolis lizards

description: The G matrix, which quantifies the genetic architecture of traits, is
 often viewed as an evolutionary constraint. However, G can evolve in
 response to selection and may also be viewed as a product of adaptive
 evolution. Convergent evolution of G in similar environments would suggest
 that G evolves adaptively, but it is difficult to disentangle such effects
 from phylogeny. Here, we use the adaptive radiation of Anolis lizards to
 ask whether convergence of G accompanies the repeated evolution of habitat
 specialists, or ecomorphs, across the Greater Antilles. We measured G in
 seven species representing three ecomorphs (trunk-crown, trunk-ground, and
 grass-bush). We found that the overall structure of G does not converge.
 Instead, the structure of G is well conserved and displays a phylogenetic
 signal consistent with Brownian motion. However, several elements of G
 showed signatures of convergence, indicating that some aspects of genetic
 architecture have been shaped by selection. Most notably, genetic
 correlations between limb traits and body traits were weaker in
 long-legged trunk-ground species, suggesting effects of recurrent
 selection on limb length. Our results demonstrate that common selection
 pressures may have subtle but consistent effects on the evolution of G,
 even as its overall structure remains conserved.
description: This repository contains some data from a previous repository
 (https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.pt2g084) along with
 code for performing the new analyses in the paper. We also include the raw
 X-ray images used to generate the results in the previous
 repository.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz679
title: Dried swine lagoon solids as a fertilizer for field production of vegetables and fresh cut herbs

description: As a local source of nutrients, swine lagoon solids (SLS) may be an ideal
 fertilizer for vegetable and fresh cut herb production in North Carolina.
 To test the utility of SLS as a fertilizer for vegetable and fresh cut
 herb production, two trials were conducted. A warm season trial (May to
 August of 2016) evaluated growth of seven species and a second, cool
 season trial (August to December of 2016) evaluated growth of five
 species. Two nitrogen (N) rates (89.7kg and 44.9 kg N per ha) were
 supplied by either dried SLS, a commercially available composted turkey
 litter (TL), or an inorganic control fertilizer (CON). Yields of tomato,
 cantaloupe, and eggplant and the fresh weights of basil and mint
 fertilized with SLS were equivalent to the yields of these species
 fertilized with CON. In contrast, yield of red and green butterhead
 lettuce was reduced when the SLS were utilized compared to the CON. The
 SLS produced similar fresh weights of basil compared to the TL, while the
 mint produced more fresh weight with the SLS when compared to the TL.
 Growth of dill, oregano, cabbage, chives, and fennel were not affected by
 rate or source of nutrients.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qfttdz0jk
title: Long-term comparison of the euglossine community

description: Global bee decline and its impact on pollination in agricultural and
 natural ecosystems have attracted public attention. However, more data are
 needed to show their generality and intensity in different ecosystems,
 especially in the tropics. For centuries, the tropical dry forest (TDF) of
 Costa Rica underwent intense deforestation, but in the last four decades,
 a large part of this forest has entered a recovery process. Using data of
 orchid bees generated by Janzen et al. (1982) in TDF in the Santa Rosa
 sector of the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG), we posed a general
 question: What changes have occurred in diversity, composition, and
 seasonality of the euglossine bee community in the TDF during the last 40
 years and how are these changes related to the current recovery of this
 forest. We sampled euglossine bees during 2018-2019 using methods similar
 to those applied previously. To characterize the response of euglossine
 bees to habitat loss, we extended the sampling to pastures adjacent to the
 protected area. With the loss (n=4) and gain (n=3) of bee species, we did
 not find significant changes in overall species richness between now and
 40 years ago. However, the composition of the euglossine community in the
 protected area in 1977 was more similar to that found in current pastures
 than to the current community in forests, where the presence of
 forest-dependent species has been favored. It is possible that TDF
 regeneration in Santa Rosa has led to changes in the composition of the
 community of these bees.
description: We carried out this study in the Santa Rosa sector of the
 Guanacaste Conservation Area and adjacent areas in the northwest part of
 the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica (10° 45’ -11° 00’N, 85° 30’ - 85°
 45’W). We selected three sites located at 300 m a.s.l. on the Santa Rosa
 Plateau sampled by Janzen et al. (1982), which were forest fragments
 surrounded by pastures in 1977-1979 and that today are embedded in a
 continuous forest matrix. To determine the effect of forest cover on the
 euglossine bee community and the species better adapted to altered
 habitats, three sampling sites outside the protected area were included in
 this study. Sampling was performed during the years 2018-2019 (four
 sampling periods per year, see below). We sampled during the same months
 as in the previous study (Janzen et al., 1982): in the middle of the dry
 season (March) and beginning, middle, and end of the rainy season (June,
 August, and December, respectively). ). We maintained the same sampling
 effort used by Janzen et al. (1982), one day at each sampling site (three
 in forests and three in pastures). We sampled from 0700 h to 1100 h using
 the same five chemical attractants: cineol, eugenol, methyl cinnamate
 (solid dissolved in 95% ethanol), benzyl acetate, and methyl
 salicylate. Unlike the previous study, we identified most species in the
 field with a 40x, 25 mm hand lens and then released them. To avoid
 recounting the same individual, we marked bees on the wing. More details
 are in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m37pvmd3q
title: Activity of individual neurons in the Aplysia buccal ganglion before and after in vitro operant conditioning

description: Dataset for Costa RM, Baxter DA, Byrne JH (2021) Neuronal population
 activity dynamics reveal a low-dimensional signature of operant learning
 in Aplysia. Commun Biol.  BioRxiv preprint 2021.12.06.471434 Data
 collected by using voltage-sensitive dye imaging to capture
 population-wide, single neuron resolution activity in the isolated Aplysia
 buccal ganglion before and after in vitro operant conditioning. Data for 7
 contingently trained and 7 yoked control animals includes population spike
 trains, timing of buccal motor patterns, ganglia images, and pixel
 coordinates for each neuron (kernels). In addition, the data includes
 results of the non-negative matrix factorization analyses described in the
 article. The dataset is organized as a Matlab structure variable.
description: Analyses can be repeated using associated code available on
 Zenodo.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncv5
title: Endemic plants of the Indian peninsular savannas

description: Biodiversity of tropical grasslands and savannas (tropical grassy biomes;
 TGBs) remains poorly documented compared to tropical forests. This is in
 part due to the misplaced notion of TGBs being anthropogenic forest
 derivatives that support negligible biodiversity and endemism. For the
 Indian savannas, the legacy of colonial forestry has led to their
 misinterpretation as anthropogenic wastelands of low conservation value.
 One key assumption underlying the devaluation of Indian savannas against
 Indian forests is the presumed absence of endemic species. Through a
 systematic review, we test this assumption by collating data of plants
 endemic to the peninsular-Indian savannas and analyse their
 spatio-temporal discovery patterns. We found that the Indian savannas
 contain 206 endemic plant species, of which 43% were described in the last
 two decades. Spatial discovery patterns revealed two species-discovery
 hotspots, the eastern edge of the Western Ghats Mountains and the Eastern
 Ghats Mountains. Years taken for an endemic plant species to be described
 was positively related to latitude and elevation of the type-locality, and
 negatively to range size and plant height. Our results of an exponential
 rise in the endemic plant discovery run counter to the assumption of
 Indian savannas supporting no endemic plants. Our findings have important
 implications on future plant discoveries by predicting most endemics
 awaiting discovery are likely to be short-statured, range-restricted, and
 occupy higher latitudes and elevations. The presence of endemic plants
 calls for abandoning the outdated colonial-era view of Indian savannas
 being low conservation-value ecosystems and revising conservation policies
 to better protect these ancient ecosystems.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31167805
title: <b>Monitoring intertidal seagrass meadows with Sentinel-2: Insights for coastal management</b>

description: This study assessed spatio-temporal trends in monospecific Nanozostera noltei intertidal meadows at four sites in the Republic of Ireland using Sentinel-2 imagery and the Google Earth Engine platform (2018-2025), validated through in-situ observations. The data will be made publicly available upon acceptance of the manuscript for publication.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31167805.v1
title: <b>Monitoring intertidal seagrass meadows with Sentinel-2: Insights for coastal management</b>

description: This study assessed spatio-temporal trends in monospecific Nanozostera noltei intertidal meadows at four sites in the Republic of Ireland using Sentinel-2 imagery and the Google Earth Engine platform (2018-2025), validated through in-situ observations. The data will be made publicly available upon acceptance of the manuscript for publication.