DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d51c5b0hw
title: Linking differences in personality to demography in the wandering albatross

description: Population dynamics are shaped by individual differences. With a good
 understanding of the relationships between individual differences and
 vital rates, population models can be improved to yield more realistic and
 detailed demographic projections. Personality is expected to shape
 individual differences in performance. Yet, an empirical quantification of
 its impact on population dynamics is currently lacking. Here, we developed
 and analyzed a three-dimensional hyperstate population model that accounts
 for three sources of individual differences simultaneously in its
 structure: age, breeding state, and boldness as a measure of personality.
 We parameterized our model using empirical demographic and boldness data
 on the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) population from Crozet. We
 quantified the relative importance of boldness through sensitivity
 analyses and simulations of increased strength of the relationship between
 boldness and three vital rates (survival, breeding probability, and
 breeding success). We showed that the sensitivity of population growth
 rate to changes in vital rates followed the normal distribution of
 boldness within the population, with population growth rate being less
 sensitive to changes in the vital rates of extreme shy or bold
 individuals. Our simulations showed that increasing the strength of the
 relationship between boldness and survival would yield the greatest shift
 in boldness distribution over time compared to breeding probability and
 breeding success. However, shifts in boldness distribution appeared
 constrained by the low heritability (&lt;0.2) value and the large
 variance in boldness in this population. Our study provides an important
 contribution to our understanding of the role of personality in shaping
 the population dynamics of wild species. In the face of global change, our
 approach offers a promising avenue to predict the potential for behavioral
 adaptation. More generally, our approach may help to unravel the complex
 interplay between individual variations in any (or many) traits and
 population dynamics.
description: # Linking differences in personality to demography in the wandering
 albatross ## Description of the datasets and code These are datasets and
 Matlab code accompanying the manuscript entitled: Linking differences in
 personality to demography in the wandering albatross, published in Oikos
 ## Description of the files ## Data: WA_5Fs_a_mean_2008_SCALE.mat; Dataset
 for boldness-specific estimates of survival for adult females. This is a
 list, which includes all the CMR model-based estimates of parameters for
 females, when the effect of boldness was applied on survival (phi).
 Therefore, this dataset is used to extract the intercept of survival for
 each adult breeding state under ...$Fs.mean$mean.Fphi.XX, with XX being
 either SB, FB, PSB, PFB, or NB. Results are provided for 54 age classes.
 Other elements in the list (for example ...$Fs.mean$meanFrho.FB) represent
 only average values for the other parameters. The element
 ...$Fs.mean$alpha.Fphi.ad is the slope of the relationship between
 boldness and survival, as estimated by the CMR model. The elements
 ...$Fs.meanpred.Fphi.XX represent the detection probability of the
 breeding state XX, as estimated by the CMR model. The element
 ...$Fs.mean$deviance is the model deviance value.
 WA_5Fb_a_mean_2008_SCALE.mat; Dataset for boldness-specific estimates of
 breeding probability for adult females. This is a list, which includes all
 the CMR model-based estimates of parameters for females, when the effect
 of boldness was applied on breeding probability (rho). Therefore, this
 dataset is used to extract the intercept of breeding probability for each
 adult breeding state under ...$Fs.mean$mean.Frho.XX, with XX being either
 SB, FB, PSB, PFB, or NB. Results are provided for 54 age classes. Other
 elements in the list (for example ....$Fs.mean$meanFphi.FB) represent only
 average values for the other parameters. The element
 ...$Fs.mean$alpha.Frho.ad is the slope of the relationship between
 boldness and breeding probability, as estimated by the CMR model. The
 elements ...$Fs.meanpred.Frho.XX represent the detection probability of
 the breeding state XX, as estimated by the CMR model. The element
 ...$Fs.mean$deviance is the model deviance value.
 WA_5Fbs_a_mean_2008_SCALE.mat; Dataset for boldness-specific estimates of
 breeding success probability for adult females. This is a list, which
 includes all the CMR model-based estimates of parameters for females, when
 the effect of boldness was applied on breeding success (pi). Therefore,
 this dataset is used to extract the intercept of breeding success for each
 adult breeding state under ...$Fs.mean$mean.Fpi.XX, with XX being either
 SB, FB, PSB, PFB, or NB. Results are provided for 54 age classes. Other
 elements in the list (for example ....$Fs.mean$meanFphi.FB) represent only
 average values for the other parameters. The element
 ...$Fs.mean$alpha.Fpi.ad is the slope of the relationship between boldness
 and breeding success, as estimated by the CMR model. The elements
 ...$Fs.meanpred.Fpi.XX represent the detection probability of the breeding
 state XX, as estimated by the CMR model. The element ...$Fs.mean$deviance
 is the model deviance value. WA_5Ms_a_mean_2008_SCALE.mat; Dataset for
 boldness-specific estimates of survival for adult males. This is a list,
 which includes all the CMR model-based estimates of parameters for males,
 when the effect of boldness was applied on survival (phi). Therefore, this
 dataset is used to extract the intercept of survival for each adult
 breeding state under ...$Ms.mean$mean.Mphi.XX, with XX being either SB,
 FB, PSB, PFB, or NB. Results are provided for 54 age classes. Other
 elements in the list (for example ...$Ms.mean$meanMrho.FB) represent only
 average values for the other parameters. The element
 ...$Ms.mean$alpha.Mphi.ad is the slope of the relationship between
 boldness and survival, as estimated by the CMR model. The elements
 ...$Ms.meanpred.Mphi.XX represent the detection probability of the
 breeding state XX, as estimated by the CMR model. The element
 ...$Ms.mean$deviance is the model deviance value.
 WA_5Mb_a_mean_2008_SCALE.mat; Dataset for boldness-specific estimates of
 breeding probability for adult males. This is a list, which includes all
 the CMR model-based estimates of parameters for males, when the effect of
 boldness was applied on breeding probability (rho). Therefore, this
 dataset is used to extract the intercept of breeding probability for each
 adult breeding state under ...$Ms.mean$mean.Mrho.XX, with XX being either
 SB, FB, PSB, PFB, or NB. Results are provided for 54 age classes. Other
 elements in the list (for example ....$Ms.mean$meanMphi.FB) represent only
 average values for the other parameters. The element
 ...$Ms.mean$alpha.Mrho.ad is the slope of the relationship between
 boldness and breeding probability, as estimated by the CMR model. The
 elements ...$Ms.meanpred.Mrho.XX represent the detection probability of
 the breeding state XX, as estimated by the CMR model. The element
 ...$Ms.mean$deviance is the model deviance value.
 WA_5Mbs_a_mean_2008_SCALE.mat; Dataset for boldness-specific estimates of
 breeding success probability for adult males. This is a list, which
 includes all the CMR model-based estimates of parameters for males, when
 the effect of boldness was applied on breeding success (pi). Therefore,
 this dataset is used to extract the intercept of breeding success for each
 adult breeding state under ...$Ms.mean$mean.Mpi.XX, with XX being either
 SB, FB, PSB, PFB, or NB. Results are provided for 54 age classes. Other
 elements in the list (for example ....$Ms.mean$meanMphi.FB) represent only
 average values for the other parameters. The element
 ...$Ms.mean$alpha.Mpi.ad is the slope of the relationship between boldness
 and breeding success, as estimated by the CMR model. The elements
 ...$Ms.meanpred.Mpi.XX represent the detection probability of the breeding
 state XX, as estimated by the CMR model. The element ...$Ms.mean$deviance
 is the model deviance value. F_juv_mean_cohortremoved.mat; Dataset for
 female juvenile vital rates. This is a list with element
 ...$F.juv.mean[[1]] containing the estimated survival rate for
 pre-breeders (juveniles) from the first 16 age classes. Element
 ...$F.juv.mean[[2]] contains the estimated breeding probabilities for
 pre-breeders (juveniles) from the first 16 age classes. Element
 ...$F.juv.mean[[3]] contains the estimated breeding success probabilities
 for pre-breeders (juveniles) from the first 16 age classes.
 M_juv_mean_cohortremoved.mat; Dataset for female juvenile vital rates.
 This is a list with element ...$M.juv.mean[[1]] containing the estimated
 survival rate for pre-breeders (juveniles) from the first 16 age classes.
 Element ...$M.juv.mean[[2]] contains the estimated breeding probabilities
 for pre-breeders (juveniles) from the first 16 age classes. Element
 ...$M.juv.mean[[3]] contains the estimated breeding success probabilities
 for pre-breeders (juveniles) from the first 16 age classes.
 male_score.txt; boldness scores of males. female_score.txt; boldness
 scores of females. ## Code: Main_Hyper.mlx; This is the main file to
 follow the different steps BD_proj_mat.m; Function to build the block
 matrices. From Roth and Caswell (2016) Emat.m; Function to build the E
 matrix. From Roth and Caswell (2016) get_init_dist.m; Function to build an
 initial vector of population hyper_state_matrix.m; Function to build the
 hyperstate matrix. From Roth and Caswell (2016) Imat.m; Function to build
 the I matrix. From Roth and Caswell (2016) Info_init_6perso.m; Code for
 generating initial parameters invlogit.m; invert logit function logit.m;
 logit function parameter_personalityF.m; Function to generate the
 personality-specific parameters to go in the population model for females.
 parameter_personalityM.m; Function to generate the personality-specific
 parameters to go in the population model for males. parameters.m; Code to
 load the data phenotype_class.m; Function to get the mid_point of the
 phenotypic classes popmat_hyper.m; Function to generate the
 dimension-specific matrices Qmat.m; Function to build the Q matrix. From
 Roth and Caswell (2016) sensitivity_lambdaSigmaF_hyper_6perso.m; Code to
 run the sensitivity analyses on survival for females
 sensitivity_lambdaBeta_hyper_F_6perso.m; Code to run the sensitivity
 analyses on breeding probability for females
 sensitivity_lambdaGamma_hyper_F_6perso.m; Code to run the sensitivity
 analyses on breeding success for females
 sensitivity_lambdaSigmaM_hyper_6perso.m; Code to run the sensitivity
 analyses on survival for males sensitivity_lambdaBeta_hyper_M_6perso.m;
 Code to run the sensitivity analyses on breeding probability for males
 sensitivity_lambdaGamma_hyper_M_6perso.m; Code to run the sensitivity
 analyses on breeding success for males
 sensitivity_lambdaSigmaF_hyper_6perso_Uniform.m; Code to run the
 sensitivity analyses on survival for females when boldness distribution is
 uniform sensitivity_lambdaBeta_hyper_F_6perso_Uniform.m; Code to run the
 sensitivity analyses on breeding probability for females when boldness
 distribution is uniform sensitivity_lambdaGamma_hyper_F_6perso_Uniform.m;
 Code to run the sensitivity analyses on breeding success for females when
 boldness distribution is uniform
 sensitivity_lambdaSigmaF_hyper_6perso_Extreme.m; Code to run the
 sensitivity analyses on survival for females under extreme cases of
 selection and heritability
 sensitivity_lambdaBeta_hyper_F_6perso_Extreme.m; Code to run the
 sensitivity analyses on breeding probability for females under extreme
 cases of selection and heritability
 sensitivity_lambdaGamma_hyper_F_6perso_Extreme.m; Code to run the
 sensitivity analyses on breeding success for females under extreme cases
 of selection and heritability vecperm_hyp.m; Function to build the vec
 permutation matrix. From Roth and Caswell (2016)