cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5dv41ns68
title: Population specific annual cycles and migration strategies in a leap-frog migrant

description: A common migratory pattern in birds is that northerly breeding populations
 migrate to more southerly non-breeding sites compared to southerly: a
 pattern called leap-frog migration. Not only do populations experience
 differences in migration distances, but also different environmental
 conditions, which may vary spatiotemporally within their annual cycles,
 crating distinctive selective pressures and migratory behaviors.
 Information on how populations schedule their annual cycles according to
 environmental conditions and by extension, adapt their migratory behaviors
 is important to understand drivers of migration and evolution of migration
 patterns at large. Here we use light level geolocators and citizen science
 data on regional spring arrivals to compare two populations of common
 ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula – a textbook example of a leap-frog
 migrant – breeding at different latitudes. We 1) describe and characterize
 the spatiotemporal patterns of the annual cycles, and 2) test predictions
 regarding speed and timing of migration derived from the population
 specific characterizations of the annual cycles. Winter distributions
 followed a leap-frog migration pattern, i.e. northern breeding population
 (NBP) wintered in W Africa and the southern (SBP) mainly in W Europe. The
 annual cycles were shifted temporally so that the NBP was always later in
 all stages compared to the SBP. The SBP spent more than twice as long time
 in the breeding area, but there was no difference in winter residency.
 There was no difference in migration duration, nor migration speed,
 between the two seasons within population, but the NBP spent more time on
 migration in both seasons and migrated faster in spring compared to the
 SBP. We also found a larger variation in spring arrival times across years
 in the SBP. This suggests that a complex interaction of population
 specific timing and variation of breeding onset, length of breeding season
 and proximity to the breeding area shape the annual cycle and migratory
 behaviors.
description: This data was used to compare migratory behaviour between two
 populations of common ringed plover <i>Charadrisu
 hiaticula </i>breeding in Ottenby, southeast Sweden, and Abisko,
 norther (Arctic) Sweden to test hypotheses regarind miration speed and
 timing of migration in relation to population specific annual cycles. Data
 on migratory behavior was collected with light level
 geolocators. Parameters such as departure and arrival days, and migration
 distance were derived using R programme GeoLight (version
 2.0.1).
description: See README.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vmcvdncsw
title: Hydraulic architecture with high-fraction of root resistance

description: The hydraulic architecture of plants constrains water transport and carbon
 gain through stomatal limitation to CO2 absorption. Leaf, stem, and root
 organs are composed of plant hydraulic architecture, of which the root is
 the main bottleneck of water transport for a wide range of plant species.
 The present study aimed to assess the ecophysiological mechanism and
 importance of the high fraction of root hydraulic resistance. Biomass
 partitioning and hydraulic conductance of leaves, stems and roots were
 measured using Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica, perennial herb), and
 Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata, deciduous tall tree). Additionally,
 theoretical analyses examined whether the measured hydraulic architecture
 and biomass partitioning maximized plant photosynthetic rate, which is the
 product of leaf area and photosynthetic rate per leaf area. Root hydraulic
 resistance accounted for 86% and 76% of the total plant resistance for
 Japanese knotweed and Japanese zelkova trees, respectively. According to
 comparisons of hydraulic and biomass partitionings, high root-resistance
 fractions were attributable to low biomass partitioning into root organs
 rather than high mass-specific root conductance. The measured partitioning
 of hydraulic resistance closely corresponded to the predicted optimal
 partitioning maximizing plant photosynthetic rate for the two species. The
 high fraction of root resistance was still predicted to be optimal with
 variations in air humidity and soil water potential. These
 results suggest that the hydraulic architecture of a plant growing in
 mesic and fertile habitats resulted in a high fraction of root resistance
 due to small biomass partition into root organ, but contributed to
 efficient carbon gain.
description: 1. Meta-analyses of root hydraulic conductance measured with
 a high pressure flow meter method. 2. Hydraulic
 conductance of leaf, stem and root in Fallopia japonica and Zelkova
 serrata seedlings with a high pressure flow meter method.
 3. Results of the mathmatical analyses using the mechanistic
 model to estimate the hydraulic architecture optimzing the plant
 productivity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzsfs
title: Polyploidy and Mutation in Arabidopsis

description: The effects of genetic mutations are influenced by genome structure.
 Polyploids have more gene or allele copies than diploids, which results in
 higher tolerance of recessive deleterious mutations. However, this benefit
 may differ between autopolyploids and allopolyploids and between
 neopolyploids and older polyploid lineages due to the effects of
 hybridization and diploidization, respectively. To isolate these effects,
 we measured the impacts of controlled mutagenesis on reproductive fitness
 traits in closely related Arabidopsis diploids (A. thaliana),
 autotetraploids (A. thaliana), and allotetraploids (A. suecica), including
 both synthetic and natural polyploid lines. Overall, mutagenesis had the
 largest negative impacts on seed production, while its impacts on
 germination and survival were negligible. As expected, these effects were
 much stronger in diploids than in polyploids. The differences between
 autopolyploids, allopolyploids, and polyploids of different ages were
 minor—cumulative reproductive fitness did not significantly differ between
 the treatment and control groups for any polyploid line type. These
 results suggest that hybridization and polyploid age have not impacted the
 genomic redundancy of Arabidopsis polyploids enough to significantly alter
 their aggregate response to mutation, although this effect may differ in
 older polyploid lineages or in allopolyploids with different levels of
 divergence between parental subgenomes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jwstqjq8z
title: Validation of oxybutynin

description: In this study, we have developed two facile spectroscopic methods for
 quantifying oxybutynin hydrochloride in its pure form and tablets using
 design of experiments (DOE). The spectroscopic methods depended on the
 ion-pair complex formation between the tertiary amino group in the drug
 and in the 0.2-M acetate buffer of pH 4. Method I involves
 spectrophotometric measurement of the absorbance of the developed complex
 at 550 nm and showed linearity through 1.0–10.0 μg/mL. Method II involves
 spectrofluorometric measurement of the quenching influence of oxybutynin
 on the native fluorescence of eosin (λexcitation/λemission of
 304/548 and showed linearity through 1.0–6.0 μg/mL. Critical
 parameters were identified through preliminary trials and optimized using
 the DOE. Additionally, the quenching mechanism was investigated, and the
 pathway of the reaction was postulated. The fluorescence-quenching
 constant and thermodynamic parameters were explored using the
 Stern– Volmer plot and Van't Hoff graph, respectively.
 Assessments conducted via Analytical ecoscale revealed the
 "excellent-greenness" of the methodology. The two methods can be
 greener and faster than other reported methods.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhjq
title: Data from: Intraspecific correlations between growth and defense vary with resource availability and differ within- and among-populations

description: A paradigm in the plant defense literature is that defending against
 herbivores comes at a cost to growth, resulting in a growth-defense
 tradeoff. However, while there is strong evidence for growth-defense
 tradeoffs across species, evidence is mixed within species. Several
 mechanisms can account for this equivocal support within species, but
 teasing them apart requires examining growth-defense relationships both
 within and among populations, an approach seldom employed. We examined
 correlations between plant biomass (growth) and terpene production
 (defense) within and among populations of Monarda fistulosa, a perennial
 herb. We sampled populations from Montana and Wisconsin, regions that
 differ in resource availability characterized by different summer
 precipitation and associated abiotic conditions that influence plant
 productivity. We found negative, neutral, and positive growth-defense
 correlations, depending on the scale examined. Negative correlations
 occurred across populations originating from divergent regions, positive
 correlations occurred across populations originating from within the
 high-resource region, and neutral correlations were found within single
 populations. Collectively, these results challenge the general expectation
 of ubiquitous tradeoffs and support emerging views that resource
 availability (as it affects productivity) shapes the evolution of defense
 at different scales.
description: All data were collected by the authors. Missing data are
 represented by NA or blanks. See the article for details on the
 methodology.
description: See README file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj42
title: The genomic consistency of the loss of anadromy in an Arctic fish (Salvelinus alpinus)

description: The potentially significant genetic consequences associated with the loss
 of migratory capacity of diadromous fishes which have become landlocked in
 freshwater are poorly understood. Consistent selective pressures
 associated with freshwater residency may drive repeated differentiation
 both between allopatric landlocked and anadromous populations and within
 landlocked populations (resulting in sympatric morphs). Alternatively, the
 strong genetic drift anticipated in isolated landlocked populations could
 hinder consistent adaptation, limiting genetic parallelism. Understanding
 the degree of genetic parallelism underlying differentiation has
 implications for both the predictability of evolution and management
 practices. We employed an 87k SNP array to examine the genetic
 characteristics of landlocked and anadromous Arctic Charr (Salvelinus
 alpinus) populations from five drainages within Labrador, Canada. One gene
 was detected as an outlier between sympatric, size-differentiated morphs
 in each of two landlocked lakes. While no single locus differentiated all
 replicate pairs of landlocked and anadromous populations, several SNPs,
 genes, and paralogs, were consistently detected as outliers in at least
 70% of these pairwise comparisons. A significant C-score suggested the
 amount of shared outlier SNPs across all paired landlocked and anadromous
 populations was greater than expected by chance. Our results indicate that
 despite their isolation, selection due to the loss of diadromy may drive
 consistent genetic responses in landlocked populations.
description: This dryad repository contains 12 text (.txt) files in genepop
 format (corresponding to each of 12 locations where Arctic Charr
 (Salvelinus alpinus) samples were collected) and 1 metadata (.csv) file.
 Please see article and README file for additional details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c2fqz618f
title: Dancing bees evaluate central urban forage resources as superior to agricultural land

description: Recent evidence suggests that flower-rich areas within cities could play
 an important role in pollinator conservation, but direct comparison of
 floral resources within agricultural and urban areas has proved
 challenging to perform over large scales. Here we use the waggle dances of
 honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) to perform large-scale landscape surveys at
 heavily urban or agricultural sites for a key pollinator of wild and crop
 plants. We analyzed 2827 dances that were performed by 20 colonies in SE
 England. We show that hive median foraging trip distance is consistently
 lower at urban sites across the entire season. The sucrose content of
 collected nectar did not significantly differ between urban and
 agricultural land, ruling out the possibility that longer foraging
 distances in agricultural sites were driven by distant but nectar-rich
 resources. Within cities, bees preferentially targeted residential areas
 on foraging trips, while trips to mass-flowering crops overwhelmingly
 dominated at agricultural sites. For both land-use types, distances flown
 increased in the summer, but there was high variation in temporal patterns
 between individual sites Policy implications: From the self-reported
 perspective of a generalist pollinator, forage was easier to find in
 heavily urbanized areas than in the modern agricultural landscapes that we
 studied. A focus on continuous spatial and temporal provision within
 agricultural environments is key to redressing this imbalance.
description: The main response variable in the dataset is the duration of the
 waggle run of individual waggle dances, filmed over morning or afternoon
 recording sessions between April and October 2017, from 20 observation
 hives (10 at agricultural sites, 10 at urban sites) in SE England. The
 dataset provides the date, weather data, site ID, Land-use type, Colony
 strength and recording period (AM/PM) for each analysed dance. A second
 response variable is the mean sucrose concentration of nectar collected
 from bees returning to the hive during each session.
description: A README file is provided to aid use of the dataset
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gts8
title: Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism

description: The mutualism between the thioautotrophic bacterial ectosymbiont
 Candidatus Thiobius zoothamnicola and the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum
 thrives in a variety of shallow-water marine environments with highly
 fluctuating sulfide emissions. To persist over time, both partners must
 reproduce and ensure the transmission of symbionts before the sulfide
 stops, which enables carbon fixation of the symbiont and nourishment of
 the host. We experimentally investigated the response of this mutualism to
 depletion of sulfide. We found that colonies released some initially
 present but also newly produced macrozooids until death, but in fewer
 numbers than when exposed to sulfide. The symbionts on the colonies
 proliferated less without sulfide, and became larger and more rod-shaped
 than symbionts from freshly collected colonies that were exposed to
 sulfide and oxygen. The symbiotic monolayer was severely disturbed by
 growth of other microbes and loss of symbionts. We conclude that the
 response of both partners to the termination of sulfide emission was
 remarkably quick. The development and the release of swarmers continued
 until host died and thus this behavior contributed to the continuation of
 the association.
description: Observations of swarmers and colonies were done visually or under
 dissection microscope. SEM observations on a Philips XL 20 scanning
 electron microscope (acceleration voltage of 20kV). Data was processed
 with R.
description: Missing values are indicated with NA. The
 following files contain the original data:
 Countings.csv (md5=ad4fbe105ad390b59aaf377d87732e3a)
 Environment.csv (md5=05054f9bb9e3dae612ef2d551c710aaf)
 Experiments.csv (md5=d03f17a6c28576117724ebad5c667833)
 Measurements.csv (md5=c15d58269847d58dfc1f7876df2f46c5)
 StarvingColonies.csv
 (md5=37eaf6e908ee85c4ff4a940ecf10d46c)
 StarvingSwarmers.csv
 (md5=cec73153f2d8a64a81af794e59b7bb4c)
 SulfidicControlColonies.csv
 (md5=fc32b11cb7bb6c28e7998c7b12ad53f1)
 SulfidicControlSwarmers.csv
 (md5=77bb8d685b37eda69ee21beaab8fd25b)
 SulfidicControlTimes.csv
 (md5=7665737b0b0f57ea2784da69b1b920e4) The RMarkdown
 code is in the file Espada-Hinojosa_et_al_2022.Rmd
 (md5=627344bfbed0a78846ff2abe6517b061) The outcome of
 the RMarkdown report in html format is in the file
 Espada-Hinojosa_et_al_2022.html
 (md5=4e0bf9f974613b40db9405f34677b2db)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj6w9
title: A simple method to describe the COVID-19 trajectory and dynamics in any country based on Johnson cumulative density function fitting

description: A simple method is utilised to study and compare COVID-19 infection
 dynamics between countries based on curve fitting to publicly shared data
 of confirmed COVID-19 infections. The method was tested using data from 80
 countries from 6 continents. We found that Johnson cumulative density
 functions (CDFs) were extremely well fitted to the data (R2 &gt; 0.99)
 and that Johnson CDFs were much better fitted to the tails of the data
 than either the commonly used normal or lognormal CDFs. Fitted Johnson
 CDFs can be used to obtain basic parameters of the infection wave, such as
 the percentage of the population infected during an infection wave, the
 days of the start, peak and end of the infection wave, and the duration of
 the wave’s increase and decrease. These parameters can be easily
 interpreted biologically and used both for describing infection wave
 dynamics and in further statistical analysis. The usefulness of the
 parameters obtained was analysed with respect to the relation between the
 gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the population density, the
 percentage of the population infected during an infection wave, the
 starting day and the duration of the infection wave in the 80 countries.
 We found that all the above parameters were significantly associated with
 GDP per capita, but only the percentage of the population infected was
 significantly associated with population density. If used with caution,
 this method has a limited ability to predict the future trajectory and
 parameters of an ongoing infection wave.
description: covid-data.csv contains the data used in Johnson CDF fitting to
 the cumulative epidemic curves in each of 80 countires and data on
 population, population density and GDP per capita for each
 country. simulation-20k contains generated samples
 (cumulative epidemic curves) and fitted Johnson CDFs to them, which were
 used in sensitivity analysis of the Johnson CDF to data perturbation.
 Total number of infections (sample size) = 20 000.
 simulation-50k contains generated samples (cumulative epidemic
 curves) and fitted Johnson CDFs to them, which were used in sensitivity
 analysis of the Johnson CDF to data perturbation. Total number of
 infections (sample size) = 50 000. simulation-100k
 contains generated samples (cumulative epidemic curves) and fitted Johnson
 CDFs to them, which were used in sensitivity analysis of the Johnson CDF
 to data perturbation. Total number of infections (sample size) = 100
 000.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ttdz08kzj
title: Beyond leaf habit: generalities in plant function across 97 tropical dry forest tree species

description:   Leaf habit has been hypothesized to define a linkage between
 the slow-fast plant economic spectrum and the drought resistance-avoidance
 trade-off in tropical forests (‘slow-safe versus fast-risky’). However,
 variation in hydraulic traits as a function of leaf habit has rarely been
 explored for a large number of species. We sampled leaf and branch
 functional traits of 97 tropical dry forest tree species from four sites
 to investigate whether patterns of trait variation varied consistently in
 relation to leaf habit along the ‘slow-safe versus fast-risky’ tradeoff.
 Leaf habit explained from 0 to 43.69 % of individual trait variation. We
 found that evergreen and semi-deciduous species differed in their location
 along the multivariate trait ordination when compared to deciduous
 species. While deciduous species showed consistent trait values, evergreen
 species trait values varied as a function of the site. Last, trait values
 varied in relation to the proportion of deciduous species in the plant
 community. We found that leaf habit describes the strategies that define
 drought avoidance and plant economics in tropical trees. However, leaf
 habit alone does not explain patterns of trait variation, which suggests
 that quantifying site-specific or species-specific uncertainty in trait
 variation as the way forward.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gtj2b
title: Scaling and structural properties of juvenile bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) Data

description: Bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana), the only canopy-forming kelp in the
 Salish Sea, provides primary production in the nearshore subtidal
 environment and serves as important habitat for economically and
 ecologically important species. An annual species, each year juvenile bull
 kelp sporophytes must grow from the hydrodynamically more benign benthos
 to the water column, where they experience substantial drag at the
 surface. Because of the differences in morphology and ecology across life
 stages, and the fact that previous work has focused mainly on adult bull
 kelp, we tested whether morphology and structural properties change with
 stipe length, investigating scaling of both juvenile (stipe length
 &lt;40 cm) and mature (stipe length &gt; 40cm) kelp, and testing
 how juvenile stipes fail. Juvenile bull kelp grow proportionally
 (isometric growth) when young, but lengthen more quickly than would be
 predicted by bulb size (negative allometry) at maturity. Based on our
 data, the predicted breakpoint between isometric and allometric growth
 occurred at about 33 cm, likely ~ one to two weeks of growth. Cross
 sectional area of the stipe, Force to failure, Work to failure, and
 stiffness (Young’s Modulus) all grow more slowly than would be predicted
 based on length, while Maximum Stress and Toughness increase more quickly
 than predicted. There is no change in extensibility over the size range we
 tested, suggesting that this material property does not change with stipe
 length. The differences in biomechanics between juvenile and adult kelp
 are likely a response to the varied hydrodynamic environments experienced
 during the annual lifecycle, which highlights the importance of studying
 organisms across life stages.
description: Length measurements for scaling measured using caliphers annd
 rulers/tape measures Cross-sectional area measured in
 ImageJ Force/displacement data collected from MTS
 Synergie 100 (MTS Systems Corp.), and used, with cross-sectional
 information, to calculate stress/strain data, including
 Toughness.