cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-223074
title: Notes from pastoral training, 1954-1955 = Curs biblic pregatitor 1954-1955

description: [description english/roman)] This material represents the notes taken by pastor Ioan Berar after participating at a biblical course for pastors during 26 November 1954 - 26 February 1955.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3n7ctj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 250 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Mugilogobius chulae (Smith, 1932)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 250 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056427-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rfqxqv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1045 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Luzula piperi (Coville) M.E.Jones"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1045 records from 65 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015983-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-223067
title: Notes from pastoral training, 1954-1955 = Curs biblic pregatitor 1954-1955

description: [description english/roman)] This material represents the notes taken by pastor Ioan Berar after participating at a biblical course for pastors during 26 November 1954 - 26 February 1955.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r2uvpg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 519 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "PublishingOrg is da86174a-a605-43a4-a5e8-53d484152cd3",
 "TaxonKey is Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 519 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0145166-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dzaet5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Cheilotrema fasciatum Tschudi, 1846"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 32 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0056429-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tw4527
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Thlaspiceras capricornutum F.K.Mey."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0065140-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-223105
title: Notes from pastoral training, 1954-1955 = Curs biblic pregatitor 1954-1955

description: [description english/roman)] This material represents the notes taken by pastor Ioan Berar after participating at a biblical course for pastors during 26 November 1954 - 26 February 1955.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xyp4v9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3127 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Occurrence evidence",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-114.66898 31.88661,-115.14686 31.29475,-114.77224 29.96709,-113.67633 28.9885,-112.76806 27.77084,-112.2923 27.00278,-111.25427 25.72398,-110.82176 24.3919,-110.2595 23.95786,-109.56748 23.20473,-109.48098 22.36735,-106.32154 23.47206,-108.09483 25.32322,-108.9166 25.98599,-109.21323 26.63169,-109.91137 27.1465,-110.37136 27.91335,-111.77117 29.0918,-112.68761 30.9708,-113.41337 31.69656,-114.66898 31.88661))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Issue is Geodetic datum assumed WGS84",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Mammalia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3127 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0144469-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-223033
title: Notes from pastoral training, 1954-1955 = Curs biblic pregatitor 1954-1955

description: [description english/roman)] This material represents the notes taken by pastor Ioan Berar after participating at a biblical course for pastors during 26 November 1954 - 26 February 1955.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.byu3s4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 70 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Senecio cakilefolius DC."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 70 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0123310-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xbjk9b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1565 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Registros de señales, rastros y cámaras trampa en dos municipios del Vichada asociados al Proyecto Vida Silvestre"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1565 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0144470-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r75mt5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10310 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ancistrus dolichopterus Kner, 1854, Apistogramma borellii (Regan, 1906), Apistogramma diplotaenia Kullander, 1987, Apistogramma gephyra Kullander, 1980, Apistogramma viejita Kullander, 1979, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831), Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Carnegiella strigata (Günther, 1864), Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816), Corydoras julii Steindachner, 1906, Corydoras pulcher Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1973, Corydoras schwartzi Rössel, 1963, Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844, Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch, 1791), Gymnotus anguillaris Hoedeman, 1962, Hemigrammus rhodostomus Ahl, 1924, Hemiodus gracilis Günther, 1864, Heros severus Heckel, 1840, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma (Fowler, 1943), Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (Eigenmann, 1915), Laetacara fulvipinnis Staeck & Schindler, 2007, Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1794), Mikrogeophagus ramirezi (Myers & Harry, 1948), Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844), Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876, Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1876, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956), Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876), Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840), Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840), Semaprochilodus insignis (Jardine, 1841), Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel, 1840)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10310 records from 123 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0049940-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-223045
title: Notes from pastoral training, 1954-1955 = Curs biblic pregatitor 1954-1955

description: [description english/roman)] This material represents the notes taken by pastor Ioan Berar after participating at a biblical course for pastors during 26 November 1954 - 26 February 1955.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2jayh2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 165390 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Ambrosia confertiflora DC., Baccharis brachyphylla A.Gray, Brickellia californica (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray, Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn., Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Delphinium scaposum Greene, Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth., Ipomoea hederacea Jacq., Krameria grayi Rose & J.H.Painter, Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schult., Lepidium densiflorum Schrad., Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt., Lepidium virginicum L., Pectocarya platycarpa (Munz & Johnst.) Munz & I.M.Johnst., Pectocarya recurvata I.M.Johnst., Pectocarya setosa A.Gray, Perityle emoryi Torr., Phacelia affinis A.Gray, Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A.Gray) Greene ex A.Gray, Plagiobothrys collinus var. pringlei (Greene) Guilliams & B.G.Baldwin, Plantago patagonica Jacq., Poa bigelovii Vasey ex Scribn., Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Decne., Proboscidea parviflora (Wooton) Wooton & Standl., Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.) Anderb., Psilostrophe cooperi (A.Gray) Greene, Rafinesquia californica Nutt., Rafinesquia neomexicana A.Gray, Rumex hymenosepalus Torr., Sairocarpus nuttallianus (A.DC.) D.A.Sutton, Salvia columbariae Benth., Senecio lemmonii A.Gray, Sida abutifolia Mill., Spermolepis echinata (Nutt.) A.Heller, Sphaeralcea coulteri (S.Watson) A.Gray, Sphaeralcea rusbyi A.Gray, Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A.Gray, Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A.Nelson, Stylocline micropoides A.Gray, Thymophylla pentachaeta (DC.) Small, Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook., Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl., Tragia nepetifolia Cav., Trixis californica Kellogg, Urochloa arizonica (Scribn. & Merr.) Morrone & Zuloaga)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 165390 records from 930 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0055660-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5065/d6kw5d6q
title: Geo-database of MNT and MAT Sites in Northern Alaska. Version 1.0

description: This dataset contains the location and site information for the homogeneous MNT and MAT sample sites in northern Alaska. They are created by interpreting and digitizing aerial photos based on our field knowledge. The attributes include area, elevation, vegetation types, and meteorological variables.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15531544
title: Dataset for "Insights into the Complex Nature of Dissolved Organic Matter from Plant Residues Using Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques"

description: This dataset includes the original analytical files from XPS, FTIR, carbon NEXAFS, NMR, and FT-ICR-MS analysis for the characterization of DOM extracted from pine, Eucalyptus, pasture, and wheat residues. It serves as supporting information for the publication titled "Insights into the Complex Nature of Dissolved Organic Matter from Plant Residues Using Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques."
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17238934
title: Dataset for "Insights into the Complex Nature of Dissolved Organic Matter from Plant Residues Using Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques"

description: This dataset includes the original analytical files from XPS, FTIR, carbon NEXAFS, NMR, and FT-ICR-MS analysis for the characterization of DOM extracted from pine, Eucalyptus, pasture, and wheat residues. It serves as supporting information for the publication titled "Insights into the Complex Nature of Dissolved Organic Matter from Plant Residues Using Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques."
DOI: 10.25345/c5v40kc13
title: MassIVE MSV000099343 - SP2_LC-MS_POSITIVE_METABOLOMICS
title: SP2_LC-MS_POSITIVE_METABOLOMICS SP2_LC-MS_POSITIVE_METABOLOMICS SP2_LC-MS_POSITIVE_METABOLOMICS
DOI: 10.5065/d6g44ng9
title: Council Flux Data - Tundra Site (ASCII). Version 1.0

description: This dataset includes flux data from the tundra site area in the Council region gathered during the 2000 summer field season in ASCII format. This dataset is also available in an Excel format.
DOI: 10.5065/d6bg2m4v
title: Ivotuk 2000: Snow Depth Data and Image. Version 1.0

description: This dataset is a simulated end-of-winter snow-depth distribution from the Snow, Shrubs and Weather Group. It contains two files, an ASCII data file and a .pdf image of the data.
DOI: 10.5065/d66q1vd4
title: Ivotuk Mean NDVI, LAI Data. Version 1.0

description: This is the Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) data taken from the Excel dataset "1999, Ivotuk Mean NDVI and LAI Data (EXCEL) (Epstein)" and translated into Tabular ASCII.
DOI: 10.5065/d62z13ps
title: Ivotuk Site CD. Version 1.0

description: The Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) Project is a coordinated program that will examine the geographical patterns and controls over climate-land surface exchange and develop reasonable scenarios of future change in the Arctic. This CD is a compilation of information and measurements made at the Ivotuk site on the North Slope of Alaska by a hard working group of scientists and technicians. It contains data, pictures and descriptions for a 2 1/2 year period from 1998 through June 2000. The CD contents are online at the dataset homepage.
DOI: 10.5065/d6z60m6t
title: Council Climate Data - Site 2 Tundra (ASCII). Version 1.0

description: This dataset includes climate data in ASCII format from site 2 in the Council region gathered during the 1999 summer field season. It includes data from the tundra site. This dataset is also available in an Excel format.
DOI: 10.5065/d6td9vgj
title: Updated North Slope Air and Ground Temperatures, Soil Moisture (ASCII). Version 1.0

description: This dataset contains air and ground temperatures from 5 sites on North Slope of Alaska in ASCII format. Measurements were taken for the ATLAS project.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842454
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List 3, Sylt, Germany, in 1987
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842461
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Entrance Koenigshafen, Sylt, Germany, in 1989
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842382
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Entrance Koenigshafen, Sylt, Germany, in 1995
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.876633
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Ferry Terminal, Sylt, Germany, in 2016
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.889340
title: Particulate nitrogen and carbon in seston at Sylt Roads, Station List Reede (55.030000N, 8.460000E), Sylt-Rømø Bight, North Sea in 1989
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.889344
title: Particulate nitrogen and carbon in seston at Sylt Roads, Station List Reede (55.030000N, 8.460000E), Sylt-Rømø Bight, North Sea in 1993
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.889349
title: Particulate nitrogen and carbon in seston at Sylt Roads, Station List Reede (55.030000N, 8.460000E), Sylt-Rømø Bight, North Sea in 1997
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842952
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List 2, Sylt, Germany, in 1975
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.918026
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Reede, Sylt, Germany, in 2019
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.918028
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Ferry Terminal, Sylt, Germany, in 2016 (Version 2)

description: Version 2 contains more parameters than the previous version.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842264
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Entrance Koenigshafen, Sylt, Germany, in 2011
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.918029
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Ferry Terminal, Sylt, Germany, in 2017
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.745134
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Ferry Terminal, Sylt, Germany, in 2001
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842240
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Ferry Terminal, Sylt, Germany, in 2012
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.937325
title: Reproductive success of stickleback lateral plate morphs

description: Reproductive success of threespine stickleback plate morphs (complete, low and partially plated) acclimated to ambient or +4°C sea water temperatures, and allowed to mate freely within large outdoor mesocosms set to either ambient or +4°C. The number of genotyped larvae assigned to each couple, total number of larvae in the clutch and reproductive success are given.
DOI: 10.5065/d6pn93sn
title: Council NCAR ISS High Resolution Soundings - Tundra Site (C2). Version 1.0

description: This dataset contains rawinsonde profiles collected from Council, Seward Peninsula, Tundra Site (C2) during Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) program 1999 summer field campaign. Profiles were collected by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Atmospheric Technology Division (ATD) using the Integrated Sounding System (ISS). Sounding files consist of vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, u and v wind components, altitude, and position (latitude and longitude) measured every second during the balloon's ascent. Rawinsonde data is available on the following days: July 23,24,27-31, and August 2-9, and 11. Consult the README for more information.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842241
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Reede, Sylt, Germany, in 2012
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842953
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List 2, Sylt, Germany, in 1976
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842265
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Ferry Terminal, Sylt, Germany, in 2011
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842385
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Reede, Sylt, Germany, in 1993
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842394
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Reede, Sylt, Germany, in 1996
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.745148
title: Hydrochemistry time series at station List Reede in 2005
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.960337
title: Seawater carbonate chemistry and antennular flicking and locomotory behaviours，olfactory nerve responses of Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister)

description: Crustacean olfaction is fundamental to most aspects of living and communicating in aquatic environments and more broadly, for individual- and population-level success. Accelerated ocean acidification from elevated CO2 threatens the ability of crabs to detect and respond to important olfactory-related cues. Here, we demonstrate that the ecologically and economically important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) exhibits reduced olfactory-related antennular flicking responses to a food cue when exposed to near-future CO2 levels, adding to the growing body of evidence of impaired crab behaviour. Underlying this altered behaviour, we find that crabs have lower olfactory nerve sensitivities (twofold reduction in antennular nerve activity) in response to a food cue when exposed to elevated CO2. This suggests that near-future CO2 levels will impact the threshold of detection of food by crabs. We also show that lower olfactory nerve sensitivity in elevated CO2 is accompanied by a decrease in the olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expression of a principal chemosensory receptor protein, ionotropic receptor 25a (IR25a) which is fundamental for odorant coding and olfactory signalling cascades. The OSNs also exhibit morphological changes in the form of decreased surface areas of their somata. This study provides the first evidence of the effects of high CO2 levels at multiple levels of biological organization in marine crabs, linking physiological and cellular changes with whole animal behavioural responses.
description: In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2022) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2023-07-05.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842298
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List Reede, Sylt, Germany, in 2009
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.977816
title: Seismic processed data (Ocean Bottom Seismometer working area dataset, profile P200w) during RRS JAMES COOK cruise JC228, Guatemala Basin, North Pacific Ocean

description: The data set comprise processed active-source seismic data collected with ocean bottom seismometer (OBS). The seismic shots were recorded in the Guatemala Basin studying the structure of oceanic crust. Data were obtained during the expedition JC228 of the research vessel RRS JAMES COOK in December 2022. The data set consists of 35 OBS stations deployed at an interval of approx. 7 km receiving shots of a tuned 5000 cubi-inch airgun array, fired at 90 s interval. The seismic line is a 220 km long West-East trending transect running in flowline dircetion of seafloor spreading. Each OBS consists of 4 channels (channel 1: hydrophone; channel 2: horizontal component 1; channel 3: horizontal component 2; channel 4: vertical component).
description: The data are provided in SEG-Y format (reduced with 6 km/s and recording time starting at -1 s). Each uploaded file (140 files in total) consists of the airgun shots recorded with the individual Ocean-Bottom-Seismometers (OBS).The naming convention is as follows using one file p200.obs201.1.sgy as an example:p200: profile name of JC228 surveyobs201: OBS-station number (from 201 to 235)1: channel number (1, 2, 3, 4)sgy: data typeEach segy-data file has header-information set that can be used for plotting and analyses:trace-count (tracr, byte : 1) shotpoint number (byte: 17-20)shot X coordinate (sx, byte :73-76, coordinate: latitude x 360000)shot Y coordinate (sy, byte: 77-80, coordinate: longitude x 360000)OBS X coordinate (gx, byte: 81-84, coordinate: latitude x 360000)OBS Y coordinate (gy, byte: 85-88, oordinate: longitude x 360000)Binary: p200.obs201.ch1.sgyContent: Ocean Bottom Seismometer continuous seismic processed data / SEGY data format
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.745129
title: Hydrochemistry time series at station List entrance Königshafen in 2006
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.842456
title: Hydrochemistry time series at List 3, Sylt, Germany, in 1989
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.982369
title: Oxygen microprofiles in sediment cores from Young Sound, NE Greenland

description: This dataset contains measurements of oxygen microprofiles in sediment cores from Young Sound. The samples for the measurements were taken in August 2019 with a Kajak-corer.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.czarst
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 25 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Manihot esculenta",
 "Country is Singapore",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 25 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0035031-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.982370
title: Pore water geochemistry of sediment cores from Young Sound, NE Greenland

description: This dataset contains measurements of porewater geochemistry in sediment cores from Young Sound. The samples for the measurements were taken in August 2019 with a Kajak-corer and the pore water was extracted by centrifugtation.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.982371
title: Flux measurements of short-time sediment traps from Young Sound, NE Greenland

description: This dataset contains measurements of fluxes of POC and PON (incl. C/N and δ13C and δ15N in the water column of Young Sound. Short-term sediment traps were deployed in August 2019.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.982372
title: Sulfate reduction rates determined in whole-core incubations with 35S-SO42- in sediments from Young Sound, NE Greenland

description: This dataset contains measurements of sulfate reduction rates in sediments from Young Sound. The samples for the measurements were taken in August 2019 with a Kajak-corer.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.982373
title: C/N, δ13C and δ15N in water column from Young Sound, NE Greenland

description: This dataset contains measurements of nutrients in the water column of Young Sound (C/N, δ13C and δ15N). The samples for the measurements were taken in August 2019 with a small Niskin bottle rosette (12x1.2L) or by repeated casts of a 5L Niskin bottle.