cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17632/2783j8j2yz.1
title: Data for: Local intermediate inputs and the shared supplier spillovers of foreign direct investment

description: Abstract of associated article: Trade liberalizations have been shown to improve domestic firms' performance through the new varieties of imported intermediate inputs. This paper uses a unique, representative sample of Bangladeshi garment firms to highlight that local intermediate inputs may also enhance domestic firms' performance, through the shared supplier spillovers of foreign direct investment (FDI) firms. An exogenous EU trade policy shock is shown to cause some FDI firms in Bangladesh to expand, which led to better performance of the domestic firms that shared their suppliers. Overall, the shared supplier spillovers of FDI explain 1/4 of the product scope expansion and 1/3 of the productivity gains within domestic firms.
DOI: 10.17632/49m95k2r2c.1
title: Data for: Modeling the dynamics of carbon emission performance in China: A parametric Malmquist index approach

description: Abstract of associated article: This paper contributes to the existing literature on the methodology of modeling the dynamic of carbon emission performance. Based on the analytical framework of Zhou et al. (Energy Economics, 32, 194–201, 2010), we develop a parametric Malmquist index approach that takes into account statistical noises. Moreover, the fixed-effect panel stochastic frontier model is employed to deal with regional heterogeneity. The proposed approach is applied to analyze the dynamics of carbon emission performance in 30 Chinese provinces during the period of 2000–2010. The main findings are as follows. First, the carbon emission performances of 30 provinces as a whole improved by 4.1% annually during the sample period, which was mainly driven by efficiency change component. Second, the east area shows the best performance with an average Malmquist CO2 emissions performance index (MCPI) of 1.108, followed by the central area (1.039). Unlike the east and central areas, the west area experienced deterioration in carbon emission performance. More effective environmental policies should be implemented to change the situation. Third, compared with the proposed approach, the nonparametric approach tends to underestimate China's MCPI and gives rise to volatile results.
DOI: 10.17632/6fw3tfmrzk.1
title: Data for: Exogenous impacts on the links between energy and agricultural commodity markets

description: Abstract of associated article: The main purpose of this paper is to identify the effects of exogenous factors, which have been somewhat controversial, on the price links between the energy and agricultural commodity markets. Our study differs from other studies by employing multivariate normal mixture models to capture the structural properties of the price dependencies in the underlying states. This paper investigates price dependencies from both quantitative and structural perspectives. By analyzing the overall dependencies and structural heterogeneity in the empirical results, we conclude that the global financial crisis is the most influential shock on the price links between energy and agricultural commodities. Because price links are vulnerable to financial shocks, our results also suggest introducing state-based analysis to risk management and portfolio diversification across the energy and agriculture markets during times of turmoil.
DOI: 10.17632/d2p3kds3hz.1
title: Data for: Buying votes versus supplying public services: Political incentives to under-invest in pro-poor policies

description: Abstract of associated article: This paper provides evidence that vote buying in poor democracies is associated with lower investments in broadly delivered public services that have been shown to disproportionately benefit the poor. Using detailed data around the local institutional context in the Philippines, the paper shows how the correlation can be interpreted as arising in equilibrium under conditions of clientelism, when political strategies emphasize the provision of targeted benefits in exchange for political support. In places where households report more vote buying, government records show that municipalities invest less in basic health services for mothers and children; and, a higher percentage of children are recorded as severely under-weight. Corroborating evidence is provided using Afrobarometer surveys across 33 countries. Taken together, the evidence shows that where politicians purchase political support through targeted transfers, they are likely to trade it off against the provision of broader public services on which poor people rely.
DOI: 10.17632/fpk3prtjvg.1
title: Data for: Entrepreneurship versus joblessness: Explaining the rise in self-employment

description: Abstract of associated article: A large share of the workforce throughout the developing world is self-employed, and this proportion has increased in recent decades. Assessments of this development vary, with pull factors such as high returns to capital contrasted with push factors such as barriers to more desirable salaried jobs. Using a long panel dataset from Ghana, we empirically investigate the changing structure of earnings in self-employment relative to salaried work. Our analysis allows workers to sort into self-employment for different reasons, including expected earnings differentials and endogenous capital accumulation whilst highlighting constraints that workers may face. We estimate a correlated random coefficient model using IV-GMM, taking into account the endogeneity of sector choice and capital accumulation. We find that returns to productive characteristics in self-employment have increased significantly between 2004 and 2011 whilst self-employment has attracted increasingly skilled workers. This points against the negative view of self-employment as an occupation of last resort.
DOI: 10.17632/fyz5s2w9ds.1
title: Data for: Current account norms in natural resource rich and capital scarce economies

description: Abstract of associated article: The permanent income hypothesis implies that frictionless open economies with exhaustible natural resources should save abroad most of their resource windfalls and, therefore, feature current account surpluses. Resource rich developing countries (RRDCs), on the other hand, face substantial development needs and tight external borrowing constraints. By relaxing these constraints and providing a key financing source for public investment, resource windfalls might then be associated with current account deficits or at least low surpluses. In this paper, we develop a neoclassical model with private and public investment and several pervasive features in RRDCs, including absorptive capacity constraints, inefficiencies in investment, borrowing constraints, and capital scarcity. We use the model to study the role of investment and these frictions in shaping the current account dynamics under windfalls. Since consumption and investment decisions are optimal, the model also serves to analyze current account norms (benchmarks). We apply the model to the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa and discuss how our results can be used to inform external sustainability analyses in RRDCs.
DOI: 10.17632/z5kv3ywkg4.1
title: Data for: How do shocks to domestic factors affect real exchange rates of Asian developing countries?

description: Abstract of associated article: This paper examines real exchange rate responses to shocks in exchange rate determinants for fourteen Asian developing countries. The analysis is based on a panel structural vector error correction model, and the shocks are identified using sign and zero restrictions. We find that trade liberalization generates permanent depreciation, and higher government consumption causes persistent appreciation. Traded-sector productivity gains induce appreciation but their effects are not immediate and last only for a few years. Real exchange rate responses to unexpected monetary tightening are consistent with the long-run neutrality of money. The evidence suggests that trade liberalization and government consumption have a strong effect on real exchange rates, while the effects of traded-sector productivity shocks are much weaker.
DOI: 10.17632/2kc92rjf7z.1
title: Data for: How geography affects quality

description: Abstract of associated article: This paper connects the quality of product-level bilateral trade flows with the geographic position of the exporter. Theoretically we show that, in addition to commonly used importer characteristics, quality increases (i) in trade-weighted specific transportation cost to destinations other than the importer and (ii) in trade-weighted preference for quality of destinations other than the importer. These two channels extend the familiar Alchian–Allen and Linder theories to the multilateral setting.The data confirm the theoretical prediction. Non-OECD exporters who face a stronger demand for quality from richer countries charge about 10% more for all destinations. At the same time, countries whose demand is especially distorted by the Alchian–Allen effect charge 58% more. Moreover, geography is more significant to the quality choice of developing countries. Multilateral geographic factors explain 13% of the price variation for non-OECD exporters, 3% for small OECD exporters, and are not significant for OECD exporters overall.
DOI: 10.17632/3v9snnsrr8.1
title: Data for: An experiment on the causes of bank run contagions

description: Abstract of associated article: To understand the mechanisms behind bank run contagions, we conduct bank run experiments in a modified Diamond–Dybvig setup with two banks (Left and Right). The banks׳ liquidity levels are either linked or independent. Left Bank depositors see their bank׳s liquidity level before deciding. Right Bank depositors only see Left Bank withdrawals before deciding. We find that Left Bank depositors׳ actions significantly affect Right Bank depositors׳ behavior, even when liquidities are independent. Furthermore, a panic may be a one-way street: an increase in Left Bank withdrawals can cause a panic run on the Right Bank, but a decrease does not calm depositors.
DOI: 10.17632/3ypsswt893.1
title: Data for: Factor complementarity and labour market dynamics

description: Abstract of associated article: We propose and estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model featuring search and matching frictions, deep habits and a CES production function. The model successfully replicates the cyclical properties of labour market variables in the US economy for three main reasons. First, two of the endogenous mechanisms of the model – factor complementarity and unemployment benefits – play a key role for explaining the amplification in unemployment and vacancies. Second, deep habits have a smaller but significant role as an endogenous mechanism. Third, capital-augmenting productivity, investment-specific and matching efficiency innovations explain large part of the variation in labour market variables.
DOI: 10.17632/br85hvyng4.1
title: Data for: Segregation and conflict: An empirical analysis

description: Abstract of associated article: This paper examines the relationship between segregation and several intensities of civil conflict. Our results are as follows. First, both ethnic segregation and language segregation exhibit a strong and robust correlation with the incidence of conflict at any intensity level; that is, from civil wars to social disorder and protests. Conversely, religious segregation does not affect any type of conflict. Second, ethnic segregation and language segregation are related to the escalation and continuation of conflict but are unrelated to its onset. Regardless of the mechanism of segregation, its effect is unrelated to the outbreak of violence but it is related to the reinforcing of existing conflicts. Third, two channels of influence are trust and secession threats, in the sense that the measures associated with those channels are influenced by segregation and, at the same time, reduce the effect of the geographic group concentration on conflict.
DOI: 10.17632/bydngwm9g8.1
title: Data for: Robust control, informational frictions, and international consumption correlations

description: Abstract of associated article: In this paper we examine the effects of model misspecification (robustness or RB) on international consumption correlations in an otherwise standard small open economy model with endogenous capital accumulation. We show that in the presence of capital mobility in financial markets, RB lowers the international consumption correlations by generating heterogeneous responses of consumption to productivity shocks across countries facing different macroeconomic uncertainty. In addition, we show that RB can also improve the model's predictions in three other moments of consumption dynamics: the relative volatility of consumption to income, the persistence of consumption, and the correlation between consumption and output. After calibrating the RB parameter using the detection error probabilities, we show that the model can explain the observed international consumption correlations as well as the other consumption moments quantitatively. Finally, we show that the main conclusions of our benchmark model do not change in an extension in which the agent cannot observe the state perfectly due to finite information-processing capacity.
DOI: 10.17632/wz3hmdnsgs.1
title: Data for: Exporter behavior, country size and stage of development: Evidence from the exporter dynamics database

description: Abstract of associated article: We present new data on the micro-structure of the export sector for 45 countries and study how exporter behavior varies with country size and stage of development. Larger countries and more developed countries have more exporters, larger exporters, and a greater share of exports controlled by the top 5%. The extensive margin (more firms) plays a greater role than the intensive margin (average size) in supporting exports of larger countries. In contrast, the intensive margin is relatively more important in explaining the exports of richer countries. Exporter entry and exit rates are higher and entrant survival is lower at an early stage of development. We discuss the results in light of trade theories with heterogeneous firms and the empirical literature on resource allocation, firm size, and development. An implication from our findings is that developing countries export less because the top of the firm-size distribution is truncated.
DOI: 10.17632/yt3kswrtgs.1
title: Data for: Bonuses and managerial misbehaviour

description: Abstract of associated article: Profit-based bonus payments have been criticised for encouraging managers to take excessively risky actions or to engage in other activities that are not in the firm׳s best interest. We show, however, that large bonuses may discourage managers from such misbehaviour, because they have more to lose in the event that misbehaviour is detected. Thus, large bonuses may be an optimal way for firms to control misbehaviour. Our finding sheds new light on recent proposals to regulate bonuses.
DOI: 10.7265/n53f4mj7
title: Documentation for Sea Ice Mass Balance in the Antarctic (SIMBA)
DOI: 10.17632/7vxndg2spr.1
title: Data for: Strike, coordination, and dismissal in uniform wage settings

description: Abstract of associated article: We study a gift exchange game with 12 employees and one employer. When the employer can offer individually differentiated wages in a setting without collective action, we observe high levels of wages, effort choices, and total earnings. When the employer is restricted to offering a uniform wage, trust and reciprocity drop dramatically due to widespread shirking. The stepwise introduction of two collective action mechanisms, strike and coordination, increases the employees׳ share of the total earnings, but does not mitigate the free-riding problem. Adding employment risk to the collective action setup drives up wages, reduces free-riding, and leads to higher total earnings. However, this increase in productivity is not sufficient to achieve the high levels of wages, efforts and earnings that we observe with individually differentiated wages.
DOI: 10.17632/p56x239wyp.1
title: Data for: The role of the informal sector in the early careers of less-educated workers

description: Abstract of associated article: Does work experience gained in the informal sector affect the career prospects of less-educated workers? This paper examines two roles that informal sector jobs play in the early stages of a worker's career: informal jobs may (i) provide the opportunity to accumulate skills, and (ii) act as a screening device that enables employers to learn a worker's ability. The paper develops a matching model of the informal and formal sectors that can accommodate both roles. Implied hazard rates from informal to formal sectors as a function of tenure are shown to differ depending on the role of informal sector jobs: human capital accumulation or screening. Using the ENOE, a longitudinal employment survey from Mexico, hazard functions are estimated for less-educated workers. The estimated hazard functions indicate that informal sector jobs play an important role by screening young less-educated workers.
DOI: 10.17632/styjyy3dpn.1
title: Data for: Search costs and efficiency: Do unemployed workers search enough?

description: Abstract of associated article: Many labor market policies affect the marginal benefits and costs of job search. The impact and desirability of such policies depend on the distribution of search costs. In this paper, we provide an equilibrium framework for identifying the distribution of search costs and we apply it to the Dutch labor market. In our model, the wage distribution, job search intensities, and firm entry are simultaneously determined in market equilibrium. Given the distribution of search intensities (which we directly observe), we calibrate the search cost distribution and the flow value of non-market time; these values are then used to derive the socially optimal firm entry rates and distribution of job search intensities. From a social point of view, some unemployed workers search too little due to a hold-up problem, while other unemployed workers search too much due to coordination frictions and rent-seeking behavior. Our results indicate that jointly increasing unemployment benefits and the sanctions for unemployed workers who do not search at all can be welfare-improving.
DOI: 10.17632/zgw53kkkyb.1
title: Data for: A heterogeneous agent model of credit-linked index insurance and farm technology adoption

description: Abstract of associated article: Protection from downside risk is a determinant of technology uptake among subsistence agricultural households. Access to credit, insurance and savings may stimulate technology adoption where new methods are riskier but higher-yielding or require sunk costs. In this paper, we employ a dynamic, stochastic, heterogeneous agent model where farm households have access to contingent credit and make savings, technology and loan repayment choices. Our approach is novel as insurance is modeled as a meso-level product, where the bank is indemnified before any payouts are distributed to borrowers; thus, it accounts for both supply- and demand-side concerns, showing a flow of effects when index insurance contracts are sold to risk aggregators for whom basis risk is lower. Results show letting the lender lay first claim on indemnities lowers default, which can decrease interest rates and expand credit access. Insurance and savings may also spur technology uptake.
DOI: 10.17632/5g5655v4sx.1
title: Data for: Government spending cyclicality: Evidence from transitory and persistent shocks in developing countries

description: Abstract of associated article: We revisit the debate of whether government spending is procyclical in developing countries. Our main contribution is to argue that, beyond exogeneity of the income shock, an empirical analysis of government spending cyclicality must be carefully tailored to the shock's persistence. We first illustrate this point in a simple intertemporal model. We then use instrumental variables estimation to characterize the response of government expenditures to exogenous shocks with different degrees of persistence. Our estimation strategy exploits that: (i) year-to-year variations in rainfall have a significant positive contemporaneous effect on sub-Saharan African countries' real GDP but this effect is transitory; (ii) year-to-year variations in the GDP of sub-Saharan African countries' OECD trading partners have a significant positive contemporaneous effect on sub-Saharan African countries' real GDP and this effect is persistent. Using rainfall as an instrument for sub-Saharan African countries' GDP yields a government consumption expenditures elasticity response of around 0.4 (standard error 0.3). When the instrument is the GDP of sub-Saharan African countries' OECD trading partners the estimated government consumption expenditures elasticity response is around 1.1 (standard error 0.2). The elasticity response of government consumption expenditures to persistent income shocks is thus significantly higher relative to transitory shocks.
DOI: 10.17632/6zjzp32y6v.1
title: Data for: Impact of the business environment on output and productivity in Africa

description: Abstract of associated article: We develop a general equilibrium model to assess the quantitative effects of the business environment, including regulations, crime, corruption, infrastructure and access to finance, on output and total factor productivity (TFP) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first four dimensions are modeled as a tax on output and the finance dimension is modeled as a borrowing constraint. The model is simulated for a sample of Sub-Saharan African countries using the country-specific financial development and the country-specific joint distribution between productivity and taxes. We find that the simulated output and TFP are highly correlated with those in the data and the model accounts for 48% of the variation of output in the data. Access to finance alone accounts for 39% and the other four dimensions account for 11% of the dispersion in output.
DOI: 10.17632/g76rzwmppk.1
title: Data for: Does short-time work save jobs? A business cycle analysis

description: Abstract of associated article: In the Great Recession most OECD countries used short-time work (publicly subsidized working time reductions) to counteract a steep increase in unemployment. We show that short-time work can actually save jobs. However, there is an important distinction to be made: while the rule-based component of short-time work is a cost-efficient job saver, the discretionary component is completely ineffective. In a case study for Germany, we use the rich data available to combine micro- and macroeconomic evidence with macroeconomic modeling in order to identify, quantify and interpret these two components of short-time work.
DOI: 10.17632/jth53t5gh5.1
title: Data for: The impact of scoring weights on price and quality outcomes: An application to the procurement of Welfare-to-Work contracts

description: Abstract of associated article: This paper assesses the effects of changes in scoring weights in auctions, using a unique sample of bids from private Welfare-to-Work (WTW) service providers to reintegrate groups of unemployed and disabled workers. These providers received points for their price bids and for three proxies of the ex-ante quality of their services: their reputation, a description of the intended plans (‘methodology’) to reintegrate workers, and the number of job placements they expected to achieve. We exploit the fact that the scoring weights of these award criteria changed in the time period under consideration, while the classification of worker types remained similar. Our estimation results show that increases in the scoring weights of the quality components (vis-à-vis the price weight) result in higher price bids. We also find that a higher weight for both the reputation component and the methodology component contributes to the job-placement of workers.