cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280gn0
title: Recorded taps on fin whale tympanoperiotic complex to study resonance related to low-frequency hearing

description: We studied vibrations of the tympanoperiotic complex (TPC) bones of a fin
 whale skull. Vibrations were excited by tapping the bones at designated
 locations and measuring the sounds emitted by the left and right TPC bones
 using eight microphones arranged around the tympanic bulla. This dataset
 includes the wav files recorded from all 8 microphones as well as some
 descriptive photos and data. Power spectra from the microphone recordings
 revealed that the first twelve modes of vibration had resonance
 frequencies between 100Hz and 6kHz. Many vibrational modes focused energy
 at the sigmoidal process, and therefore the ossicular chain. The resonance
 frequencies of the left and right TPC were offset, suggesting a mechanism
 for the animals to have improved hearing at a range of frequencies as well
 as a mechanism for directionality in their perception of sounds.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9m5
title: The adaptive significance of off-lek sociality in birds: A synthetic review, with evidence for the reproductive benefits hypothesis in Long-wattled umbrellabirds

description: Anecdotal evidence suggests that lekking birds exhibit considerable
 variation in form and degree of sociality away from the lek, yet this
 phenomenon has received very little theoretical or empirical research
 attention. Here, we provide the first synthetic literature review of
 off-lek sociality in birds and develop a conceptual framework for the
 potential adaptive function of off-lek sociality across lekking taxa. We
 then present a case study of the Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus
 penduliger), where we find support for the hypothesis that off-lek
 sociality is primarily driven by male reproductive incentives for
 coordinating lek attendance during the breeding season. During periods of
 high lekking activity, male umbrellabirds depart the lek in highly
 coordinated groups and maintain larger off-lek social groups relative to
 periods of low lekking activity. These seasonal differences in off-lek
 sociality do not occur in females, are not explained by patterns of
 foraging behavior, and are expected to confer individual-level benefits
 for participating males. Both the literature review and empirical study of
 umbrellabirds suggest that off-lek interactions and behavioral strategies
 may shape sexual selection processes at leks in important ways. Further
 research into this historically understudied area of lekking species’
 behavioral ecology will likely deepen our understanding of the
 evolutionary dynamics of lek mating.
DOI: 10.25349/d9gg7c
title: Data from: Rectified rotational dynamics of mobile inclusions in two-dimensional active nematics

description: We investigate the dynamics of mobile inclusions embedded in 2D active
 nematics. The interplay between the inclusion shape, the boundary-induced
 nematic order, and the autonomous flows powers the inclusion motion. Disks
 and achiral gears exhibit unbiased rotational motion, but with distinct
 dynamics. In comparison, chiral gear-shaped inclusions exhibit long-term
 rectified rotation, which is correlated with dynamics and polarization of
 nearby +1/2 topological defects. The chirality of defect polarities and
 the active nematic texture around the inclusion correlate with the
 inclusion's instantaneous rotation rate. Inclusions provide a
 promising tool for probing the rheological properties of active nematics
 and extracting ordered motion from their inherently chaotic motion.
  
description: All data was collected as time sequence images from a
 fluroescence microscope with a 4x objective. Various image processing
 algorithms were then used to extract information such as the flow field,
 director field, and inclusion position over time.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f7m0cfz21
title: Data from: Long-term grazing intensity by reindeer alters the response of the soil micro-food web to simulated climate change in subarctic tundra

description: Top-down control by nematodes over soil microorganisms – considered
 stronger over bacteria than fungi - may dampen microbial responses to
 global changes in tundra. To test whether large grazers alter the
 responses of belowground trophic networks to global changes, we employed
 factorial warming and nitrogen fertilization treatments in adjacent sites
 with different reindeer grazing intensities for the past 50 years. Lightly
 grazed tundra is dominated by dwarf shrubs and a more fungal-based
 microbial community, while in heavily grazed tundra, high reindeer
 densities during autumn migration have induced shift into graminoids and
 more bacterial-based microbial community. We analysed the soil micro-food
 web, i.e., the nematode density, trophic structure, and species
 composition as well as fungal, bacterial and total phospholipid fatty
 acids (PLFAs) after four growing seasons of warming and fertilization both
 before and during reindeer migration. We predicted that bacterivore
 densities are higher and fungivore densities lower under heavy than light
 grazing (i.e., nematode populations before migration reflect grazing
 effects via the base of food web), whereas reindeer migration induces
 negative impact on nematode densities under heavy grazing (i.e.,
 disturbance by trampling is the driving factor). We further predicted that
 nematodes negate treatment effects on microbial biomass to a stronger
 extent in the bacterial-based heavily grazed than the fungal-based lightly
 grazed tundra. Fungivore densities were higher under light than heavy
 grazing, but nematodes did not respond to trampling. Warming increased
 fungivores and the fungal PLFAs irrespective of grazing and timing, but
 under heavy grazing, increased bacterivores while the bacterial PLFAs
 remained steady. Fertilization increased carnivores and influenced
 nematode species composition, diversity and maturity interactively with
 warming. Our data suggest that large grazers affect tundra soil nematodes
 via bottom-up effects through microbial community composition and biomass,
 which in turn may alter the strength of their top-down control soil
 bacteria under climate warming.
description: This file contains densities of nematode trophic groups and
 families together with soil phospholipids (PLFAs) after four growing
 seasons of factorial warming and fertilization at two 50-year reindeer
 grazing intensities. The study site is conducted in Raisduoddar (69°31’29
 N, 21°19’16 E; altitude 430–570 m asl), northern Norway.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tmpg4f53w
title: Evidence of cospeciation between termites and their gut bacteria on a geological time scale

description: Termites host diverse communities of gut microbes, including many
 bacterial lineages only found in this habitat. The bacteria endemic to
 termite guts are transmitted via two routes: a vertical route from parent
 colonies to daughter colonies and a horizontal route between colonies
 sometimes belonging to different termite species. The relative importance
 of both transmission routes in shaping the gut microbiota of termites
 remains unknown. Using bacterial marker genes derived from the gut
 metagenomes of 197 termites and one Cryptocercus cockroach, we show that
 bacteria endemic to termite guts are mostly acquired by vertical
 transfers. We identified eighteen lineages of gut bacteria showing
 cophylogenetic patterns with termites over tens of millions of years.
 Horizontal transfer rates estimated for these lineages compared to those
 of fifteen mitochondrial genes suggested that sixteen bacterial lineages
 present cophylogenetic patterns that could be explained by a model
 involving no horizontal transfers. Some of these associations probably
 date back more than 150 million years and are an order of magnitude older
 than the cophylogenetic patterns between mammalian hosts and their gut
 bacteria. Our results suggest that termites have cospeciated with their
 gut bacteria since first appearing in the geological record.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83qk
title: Data from: Controlled molecular arrangement of easily aggregated deoxycholate with layered double hydroxide

description: Deoxycholate (DA) is a natural emulsifying agent involved in the
 absorption of dietary lipids. Due to the facial distribution of
 hydrophobic-hydrophilic region, DA easily aggregates under ambient
 conditions, and this property hinders the practical application of DA in
 clinical application. In this study, we found that the molecular
 arrangement of DA molecules could be controlled by utilizing layered
 double hydroxide (LDH) under a specific reaction condition. The effect of
 reaction methods such as co-precipitation, ion exchange, and
 reconstruction on the molecular arrangement of DA was investigated by
 X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,
 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and differential
 scanning calorimetry. It was demonstrated that the self-aggregation of DA
 molecules could be suppressed by the oriented arrangement of DA between
 the gallery space of LDH. The DA moiety was well stabilized in the LDH
 layers due to the electrostatic interaction between DA molecules and LDH
 layers. The most ordered arrangement of DA molecules was observed when DA
 was incorporated into LDH via a reconstruction method. The DA molecules
 arranged in LDH via reconstruction did not show significant exothermic nor
 endothermic behavior up to 400℃, showing that the DA moiety lost its
 intermolecular attraction in between LDH layers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2547d7wwf
title: Evolution of reproductive isolation in a long-term evolution experiment with Drosophila melanogaster: 30 years of divergent life history selection

description: We ask if three decades and over 1,500 generations of divergent life
 history selection on age at reproduction has resulted in the evolution of
 reproductive isolation (RI) between laboratory populations of Drosophila
 melanogaster. We tested for premating, postmating-prezygotic and
 postzygotic reproductive isolation between 3 replicate population pairs.
 Large evolved differences in body size between selection treatments
 suggested the potential for prezygotic barriers driven by sexual selection
 or physical incompatibilities between the sexes. Although a simple
 prediction would be preference for larger size, creating directional
 isolation, our results from individual mate choice trials indicate that
 populations from both selection treatments show a marked bias towards
 homotypic mate choice; indicative of prezygotic RI driven by sexual
 selection or sexual conflict. Hybridization between the focal populations
 resulted in the production of viable adult flies with intermediate size
 and developmental traits. We observed a suggestive but statistically
 non-significant trend of fitness decline in the F2 generation of hybrids,
 but no significant evidence suggesting the evolution of
 postmating-prezygotic or postzygotic RI. Our findings are in accord with
 extant literature that posits that premating RI evolves before postmating
 forms of RI.
description: Data collection methods described in detail in MS. Briefly,
 observations of mating preferences of 3 population pairs; egg
 hatchability, larval to pupal and pupal to adult viabilities, body size,
 development time, and reproductive fitness of the parental lines, F1
 crosses and F2 selfed flies were made. 
description: All data files are CSVs.
DOI: 10.25345/c59s1m002
title: MassIVE MSV000100613 - Identification of phosphorylation sites in human recombinant TOP2B
title: Human recombinant full-length TOP2B purified from HEK293 cells were phosphorylated with Erk1 and Erk2 in vitro. After in-gel digestion, the phosphorylation sites were determined using mass spectrometry.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cvdncjt82
title: An unbiased, automated platform for scoring dopaminergic neurodegeneration in C. elegans

description: Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has served as a simple model organism
 to study dopaminergic neurodegeneration, as it enables quantitative
 analysis of cellular and sub-cellular morphologies in live animals. These
 isogenic nematodes have a rapid life cycle and transparent body, making
 high-throughput imaging and evaluation of fluorescently tagged neurons
 possible. However, the current state-of-the-art method for quantifying
 dopaminergic degeneration requires researchers to manually examine images
 and score dendrites into groups of varying levels of neurodegeneration
 severity, which is time-consuming, subject to bias, and limited in data
 sensitivity. We aim to overcome the pitfalls of manual neuron scoring by
 developing an automated, unbiased image processing algorithm to quantify
 dopaminergic neurodegeneration in C. elegans. The algorithm can
 be used on images acquired with different microscopy setups and only
 requires two inputs: a maximum projection image of the four cephalic
 neurons in the C. elegans head and the pixel size of the user’s camera. We
 validate the platform by detecting and quantifying neurodegeneration in
 nematodes exposed to rotenone, cold shock, and 6-hydroxydopamine using 63x
 epifluorescence, 63x confocal, and 40x epifluorescence microscopy,
 respectively. Analysis of tubby mutant worms with altered fat storage
 showed that, contrary to our hypothesis, increased adiposity did not
 sensitize to stressor-induced neurodegeneration.  We further
 verify the accuracy of the algorithm by comparing code-generated,
 categorical degeneration results with manually scored dendrites of the
 same experiments. The platform, which detects 19 different metrics of
 neurodegeneration, can provide comparative insight into how each exposure
 affects dopaminergic neurodegeneration patterns.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31169638
title: Multiphase tectonic events in the Lancangjiang tectonic belt

description: The Lancangjiang tectonic belt (LTB) along the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau serves as a pivotal archive of the Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic tectonic evolution. It provides critical insights into Tethyan dynamics, the India-Eurasia collision, and plateau uplift. In this study, we reconstruct the multi-stage tectonic history of the LTB by integrating structural analysis and petrology with zircon and apatite U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry. Four distinct tectono-thermal events were identified: 234-200 Ma, 80-69 Ma, 57-38 Ma, and 20-19 Ma. Geochronological data from granitoids reflect magmatic pulses related to the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, while results from mylonites and gneisses constrain the timing of superimposed tectonic-metamorphic deformation. Combined with the regional geological framwork, the evolution of the LTB is divided into four stages: (1) a Triassic post-period of tectonic quiescence following the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean; (2) a Late Cretaceous metamorphic-thermal event induced by the far-field effects of the Neo-Tethys subduction-collision system; (3) a Paleogene phase of intracontinental convergence and crustal shortening triggered by the India-Eurasia collision; and (4) an Early Miocene stage of large-scale sinistral ductile shearing developed under a regional extensional regime. This study establishes a temporal framework for major tectonic events along the southeastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, providing key geochronological constraints for deciphering the evolutionary history of the Tethyan realm and deep geodynamic processes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31169638.v1
title: Multiphase tectonic events in the Lancangjiang tectonic belt

description: The Lancangjiang tectonic belt (LTB) along the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau serves as a pivotal archive of the Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic tectonic evolution. It provides critical insights into Tethyan dynamics, the India-Eurasia collision, and plateau uplift. In this study, we reconstruct the multi-stage tectonic history of the LTB by integrating structural analysis and petrology with zircon and apatite U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry. Four distinct tectono-thermal events were identified: 234-200 Ma, 80-69 Ma, 57-38 Ma, and 20-19 Ma. Geochronological data from granitoids reflect magmatic pulses related to the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, while results from mylonites and gneisses constrain the timing of superimposed tectonic-metamorphic deformation. Combined with the regional geological framwork, the evolution of the LTB is divided into four stages: (1) a Triassic post-period of tectonic quiescence following the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean; (2) a Late Cretaceous metamorphic-thermal event induced by the far-field effects of the Neo-Tethys subduction-collision system; (3) a Paleogene phase of intracontinental convergence and crustal shortening triggered by the India-Eurasia collision; and (4) an Early Miocene stage of large-scale sinistral ductile shearing developed under a regional extensional regime. This study establishes a temporal framework for major tectonic events along the southeastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, providing key geochronological constraints for deciphering the evolutionary history of the Tethyan realm and deep geodynamic processes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gxd2547r8
title: Mechanical manipulation of cancer cell tumorigenicity via heat shock protein signaling

description: Biophysical cues of rigid tumor matrix play a critical role in cancer cell
 malignancy. Herein, we report that stiffly confined cancer cells exhibit
 robust growth of spheroids in the stiff hydrogel that exerts substantial
 confining stress on the cells. The stressed condition activated Hsp (heat
 shock protein)-STAT3 signaling via the TRPV4-PI3K/Akt axis, thereby
 upregulating the expression of the stemness-related markers in cancer
 cells, whereas these signaling activities were suppressed in cancer cells
 cultured in softer hydrogels or stiff hydrogels with stress relief or
 Hsp70 knockdown/inhibition. This mechanopriming based on 3D culture
 enhanced cancer cell tumorigenicity and metastasis in animal models upon
 transplantation, and pharmaceutically inhibiting Hsp70 improved the
 anticancer efficacy of chemotherapy. Mechanistically, our study reveals
 the crucial role of Hsp70 in regulating cancer cell malignancy under
 mechanically stressed conditions and its impacts on cancer
 prognosis-related molecular pathways for cancer treatments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhtn
title: Individual-plant selectivity by sheep in drylands scales-up at plant population level and controls the forage supply and its accessibility

description: Diet selectivity by domestic herbivores controls plant community structure
 and dynamics and may induce rangeland degradation, particularly in
 drylands. However, management decisions frequently ignore herbivore
 selectivity. Here, we studied how grass morphology controls sheep
 selectivity for individual plants, and how this selectivity interacts with
 grazing intensity to determine population plant-size distributions and the
 forage supply. In Patagonian steppes, we manipulated the plant morphology
 (size and standing-dead proportion) of three dominant grass species
 differentially preferred by sheep for four years. Then, we evaluated how
 these morphological alterations affected intra- and inter-specific
 preference patterns. We also evaluated how grazing intensity (ungrazed,
 moderate grazing, and intensive grazing) affected the plant-size
 distribution of the three species, the forage supply, and its
 accessibility. For the highly preferred species, herbivores selected
 plants that were either naturally or experimentally short, with low
 proportion of standing-dead biomass. In contrast, morphological changes
 did not alter the within-species selectivity of the least preferred
 species. Grazing intensity strongly changed the population plant-size
 distribution of preferred species in ways that resembled the experimental
 manipulations of morphology. Moderate grazing showed the greatest
 morphological heterogeneity among individuals. When integrating the green
 biomass of forage species’ individuals at ecosystem level, we found that
 the forage supply was the highest in ungrazed sites and decreased as
 grazing intensity increased. However, considering the dissuading effect of
 the standing-dead proportion of plants, the accessible forage was the
 highest under moderate grazing. Synthesis and applications. Our findings
 (i) showed that, within preferred species, sheep selectivity at
 individual-plant level is controlled by morphological characteristics that
 determine accessibility to green high-quality biomass. This effect was as
 important as that of species identity; (ii) empirically proved
 plant-animal positive feedback at individual level; and (iii) revealed how
 the individual-plant selectivity scales-up at population level and
 controls the forage supply, but also its accessibility. Our complementary
 approach generates critical knowledge for developing management practices
 to control key forage species defoliation and to adjust the grazing
 pressure to the offer of accessible forage, avoiding the common carrying
 capacity overestimation. These aspects are essential for sustainable
 production in grazed drylands.
DOI: 10.5878/002521
title: The Regional Western Sweden SOM Survey 1999
title: Den västsvenska SOM-undersökningen 1999
title: Väst-SOM 1999

description: Western SOM has been conducted yearly since 1992, but was initially limited to residents of Gothenburg and its surrounding municipalities. In 1998, the survey was extended to include the entire Västra Götaland County plus the municipality of Kungsbacka. 

The purpose of the regional surveys is to enable SOM researchers to study attitudes and behaviour linked to local and regional issues. They emphasise public services and media, although many of the questions are identical with those used in National SOM in order to make the answers comparable both between the regions and with Sweden at large.

Purpose:

Study attitudes and behaviors that are linked to local and regional issues and phenomena
description: Detta är den åttonde studien i serien SOM-undersökningar genomförda i Västsverige. Undersökningen genomfördes med två olika enkätformulär: ett riktat till invånarna i Göteborg med kranskommuner och ett till dem hemmahörande i resterande delar av Västra Götaland. Enkätformulären innehåller till största delen gemensamma frågor. Några frågor är dock enbart ställda i en av de två enkäterna; framför allt handlar det om frågor enbart ställda i formuläret till invånarna i Göteborgsregionen. Båda enkäterna innehåller frågeområdena: Massmedier; Politik och samhälle; Trafik och miljö; Medier och fritid; och Bakgrund. Göteborgsregionens enkät innehöll även frågeområdet Medieanvändning.

Syfte:

Studera attityder och beteenden som är knutna till lokala och regionala frågor och företeelser