cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13v2t
title: Data from: The interaction between genotype and juvenile and adult density environment in shaping multidimensional reaction norms of behaviour

description: 1. Both juvenile (Ej) and adult (Ea) environment can alter developmental
 trajectories, independently or interactively (as environment by
 environment interaction; Ej×Ea), to shape behaviour in later life.
 However, within a population, the developmental response of behaviours to
 environments can vary among genotypes (G×E×E, multidimensional behavioural
 plasticity). 2. Here we use a full-sibling, split-brood experimental
 design and random regression model to study genetic variation in
 behavioural plasticity across juvenile/adult density conditions in four
 behavioural traits of male water striders Tenagogerris euphrosyne:
 exploration, dispersal, same-sex sexual behaviour and remounting attempts.
 3. Our results showed that both juvenile and adult density affected the
 expression of behaviours, and that there was modest level of genetic
 variation in all behaviour traits. In contrast, there was little genetic
 variation in behavioural plasticity across density conditions at different
 life stages (G×Ej, G×Ea or G×Ej×Ea) observed in all traits other than
 same-sex sexual behaviour. 4. We suggest that experiences at different
 life stages can interact to affect behavioural expression, but the
 magnitude of G×Ej, G×Ea or G×Ej×Ea interactions depends on the specific
 traits. 5. Lack of genetic variation in multidimensional behavioural
 plasticity may be due to strong selection across environments, high
 prevalence of environmental heterogeneity and/or modest genetic variance.
 6. Our results highlight the complex ways in which plasticity shapes the
 behaviours and life-histories of organisms.
description: RESULTSData on 4 behavioural types (exploration, dispersal, same-sex sexual behaviour, remount tendency) - H, high density; L, low density.RESULT_HAN_BROOKS_2014.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.db4nuj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 336249 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-85.44 44.53,-51.77 44.53,-51.77 62.68,-85.44 62.68,-85.44 44.53))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "License is one of (CC-BY-NC 4.0, CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Fungi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 336249 records from 213 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000940-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.75t05
title: Data from: Testis asymmetry in birds: the influences of sexual and natural selection

description: Gonad size and shape asymmetries are particularly common in birds.
 Although some obvious size and shape differences between the left and
 right testes in birds were first documented more than a century ago,
 little is known about what influences the variation across species in
 either the degree or the direction of these asymmetries. Here we show that
 a left bias in size is the most likely ancestral state in most orders and
 families, and that there is a weak but significant negative relation
 between the degree of size and shape asymmetries. In extant species,
 testis size and shape symmetries increase with the degree of sperm
 competition (relative testes mass), but those relations are significant
 only in those species with left bias in each of these traits. When space
 is particularly constrained on the left side of the body cavity due to a
 large gizzard (e.g. in granivores), the left testis is more elongated and
 the degree of size symmetry is larger. Despite significant patterns,
 relative testes mass and gizzard complexity together explain &lt; 10%
 of the variation in testis asymmetry in species with left biases. Thus our
 analyses suggest that some other factor is largely responsible for the
 evolution of gonad asymmetry in birds: 1) that a left bias in testis size
 might be a correlated response to selection for a left bias in the
 development of a single (left) ovary in females of most bird species,
 and/or 2) that physiological efficiency due to the dramatic and rapid
 increase in testis size of most species during the breeding season might
 favour enlargement of one testis. Our conclusions highlight the need to
 rethink and improve our understanding of the physiological processes
 underlying the investment in gonads by male birds.
description: datasetSee ReadMe file for details.CALHIMdata.csvphylogenyPhylogeny coded in Nexus format.CALHIMphylogeny.txtR scriptExample R script for Table 4b and Figure 4CALHIMscript.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8sp77v5
title: Data from: Testing for human impacts in the mismatch of living and dead ostracode assemblages at nested spatial scales in subtropical lakes from the Bahamian archipelago

description: Naturally time-averaged accumulations of skeletal remains – death
 assemblages – provide reliable, albeit temporally coarse, information on
 the species composition and structure of communities in diverse settings,
 and their mismatch with local living communities usually signals recent
 human-driven ecological change. Here, we present the first test of
 live-dead mismatch as an indicator of human stress using ostracodes. On
 three islands along a gradient of human population density in the Bahamas,
 we compared the similarity of living and death assemblages in ten lakes
 with relatively low levels of human stress to live-dead similarity in
 eleven physically comparable lakes subject to industrial, agricultural, or
 other human activities currently or in the past. We find that live-dead
 agreement in pristine lakes is consistently excellent, boding well for
 using death assemblages in modern-day and paleolimnological biodiversity
 assessments. In most comparison of physically-similar paired lakes,
 sample-level live-dead mismatch in both taxonomic composition and species’
 rank-abundance is on average significantly greater in the stressed lake;
 live-dead agreement is not lower in all samples from stressed lakes, but
 is more variable. When samples are pooled for lake-level and island-level
 comparisons, stressed lakes still yield lower live-dead agreement but the
 significance of the difference with pristine lakes decreases – species
 that occur dead-only (or alive-only) in one sample are likely to occur
 alive (or dead) in other samples. Inter-island differences in live-dead
 agreement are congruent with, but not significantly correlated with,
 differences in human population density. This situation arises from
 heterogeneity in the timing and magnitudes of stresses and in the extent
 of post-stress recovery. Live-dead mismatch in ostracode assemblages thus
 may be a reliable indicator of human impact at the sample-level with the
 potential to be a widely-applicable tool for identifying impacted
 habitats, and perhaps, monitor the progress of their recovery.
description: Drayd species and lake
 conditions 4 AugLimnological field data
 from lakes samples and species counts from all samples.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k455v5c
title: Data from: A host immune hormone modifies parasite species interactions and epidemics: insights from a field manipulation.

description: Parasite epidemics can depend on priority effects, and parasite priority
 effects can result from the host immune response to prior infection. Yet
 we lack experimental evidence that such immune-mediated priority effects
 influence epidemics. To address this research gap, we manipulated key host
 immune hormones, then measured the consequences for within-host parasite
 interactions, and ultimately parasite epidemics in the field.
 Specifically, we applied plant immune-signaling hormones to sentinel
 plants, embedded into a wild host population, and tracked foliar
 infections caused by two common fungal parasites. Within host individuals,
 priority effects were altered by the immune-signaling hormone, salicylic
 acid. Scaling up from within-host interactions, hosts treated with
 salicylic acid experienced lower prevalence of a less aggressive parasite,
 increased burden of infection by a more aggressive parasite, and
 experienced fewer coinfections. Together, these results indicate that by
 altering within-host priority effects, host immune hormones can drive
 parasite epidemics. This study therefore experimentally links host immune
 hormones to within-host priority effects and parasite epidemics, advancing
 a more mechanistic understanding of how interactions among parasites alter
 their epidemics.
description: SAJA analysis for
 publicationHalliday et al SAJA leaf
 dataHalliday et al SAJA
 prevalence data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fh42m5f
title: Data from: Lion population dynamics: do nomadic males matter?

description: Key population processes are sometimes driven by male dynamics, but these
 drivers are often overlooked because of the scale over which they operate.
 Lions (Panthera leo) provide an ideal case study for investigating factors
 governing male dynamics and their influence on population sustainability.
 Lions display sexually selected infanticide, and resident males must
 defend their offspring from nomads that may have dispersed over long
 distances; factors affecting male-male competition over large spatial
 scales can have population wide consequences. We report here on the first
 systematic analysis of long-term individual-based data of male lions in
 the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. From 1974-2012, we observed 471
 coalitions (796 males) in our study area. We investigate factors affecting
 male immigration and the impacts on the resident population. The yearly
 number of nomadic males entering the study population affected cub
 survival and mating access. Success rates of nomadic males gaining tenure
 with a pride increased with age and coalition size. We observed a
 significant decline in male immigration, which resulted in lowered levels
 of male replacement in the study population, reduced infanticide, and
 greater cub survival. The decline in incoming males likely resulted from
 increased anthropogenic pressures in surrounding areas. Conversely, the
 core study population was largely buffered from anthropogenic threats and
 likely served as a source to neighboring sinks. Reduced infanticide in the
 core population might have compensated for rising lion mortalities in
 surrounding areas, but as human-wildlife conflicts intensify with the
 rapidly growing human population, compensatory mechanisms may become
 overwhelmed.
description: NomadsDemographic data for all
 nomads entering the study area, residents (1) and non-residents (0). File
 also includes environmental variables.Nomad
 ImmigrationPer year immigration of
 male lions into the Serengeti study areaResident
 TakeoversPer year turn over of
 resident male lion coalitions in the SerengetiResidentTakeovers.txtCubRecruitmentLion cub survival.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c48sg35
title: Data from: Social effects on fruit fly courtship song

description: Courtship behaviour in Drosophila has often been described as a classic
 innate behavioural repertoire, but more recently extensive plasticity has
 been described. In particular, prior exposure to acoustic signals of con-
 or heterspecific males can change courtship traits in both sexes that are
 liable to be important in reproductive isolation. However, it is unknown
 whether male courtship song itself is socially plastic. We examined
 courtship song plasticity of two species in the Drosophila melanogaster
 subgroup. Sexual isolation between the species is influenced by two male
 song traits, the inter-pulse interval (IPI) and sine song frequency (SSF).
 Neither of these showed plasticity when males had prior experience of con-
 and heterospecific social partners. However, males of both species
 produced longer bursts of song during courtship when they were exposed to
 social partners (either con- or heterospecific) than when they were reared
 in isolation. D. melanogaster carrying mutations affecting short- or
 medium-term memory showed a similar response to the social environment,
 not supporting a role for learning. Our results demonstrate that the
 amount of song a male produces during courtship is plastic depending on
 the social environment, which might reflect the advantage of being able to
 respond to variation in intrasexual competition, but that song structure
 itself is relatively inflexible, perhaps due to strong selection against
 hybridisation.
description: DatasetFull dataset supporting our article.Marie-Orleach.et.al_Dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v18jj97
title: Data from: Flow, flux and feeding in freshwater mussels

description: Unionid mussels are important constituents of aquatic systems that are
 affected by anthropogenic changes in hydrology and concomitant increases
 in suspended solids, yet little is known about the effects of flow on
 their suspension feeding. We examined the clearance rates (CR) of four
 species of freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Lampsilis fasciola,
 Ligumia nasuta and Villosa iris) to determine whether they feed
 selectively on river seston and how this may vary with algal flux
 (concentration × velocity). The CR for the Lampsilis species was also
 determined using seston particle size, particle fluorescence, and algal
 taxon. The CR of all species increased linearly with flow chamber
 velocity, but exhibited saturation-like kinetics with increasing algal
 flux. The CR of Lampsilis species were higher for larger (&gt;10 um)
 vs. smaller (&lt;10 um) particles, the latter of which were
 numerically dominant in river seston. The CR of Lampsilis mussels on most
 of the algal taxa declined (linearly or non-linearly) with algal flux
 indicating that mussels have reduced ability to discriminate among algae
 at higher flux. This potential feeding limitation could affect mussel
 growth and survival and make unionids vulnerable to the aforementioned
 hydrological changes. Ecologically, differential use of algal taxa under
 different algal flux indicates selective feeding, which may be evidence of
 resource partitioning for mussel species that occupy the same rivers. The
 differential use of algal taxa under different algal flux within a mussel
 species indicates the complex nature of bivalve feeding, their habitat
 requirements, and their vulnerability to human impacts.
description: Data for
 Mistry-AckermanData pertaining to
 figures
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mh2qf615
title: Data from: Ecological and evolutionary determinants for the adaptive radiation of the Madagascan vangas

description: Adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a single lineage into
 many species that inhabit a variety of environments or use a variety of
 resources and differ in traits required to exploit these. Why some
 lineages undergo adaptive radiation is not well-understood, but filling
 unoccupied ecological space appears to be a common feature. We construct a
 complete, dated, species-level phylogeny of the endemic Vangidae of
 Madagascar. This passerine bird radiation represents a classic, but poorly
 known, avian adaptive radiation. Our results reveal an initial rapid
 increase in evolutionary lineages and diversification in morphospace after
 colonizing Madagascar in the late Oligocene some 25 Mya. A subsequent key
 innovation involving unique bill morphology was associated with a second
 increase in diversification rates about 10 Mya. The volume of morphospace
 occupied by contemporary Madagascan vangas is in many aspects as large
 (shape variation)—or even larger (size variation)—as that of other
 better-known avian adaptive radiations, including the much younger
 Galapagos Darwin's finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers. Morphological
 space bears a close relationship to diet, substrate use, and foraging
 movements, and thus our results demonstrate the great extent of the
 evolutionary diversification of the Madagascan vangas.
description: Vanga
 morphometrics
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j1t67
title: Data from: Large wildlife removal drives immune defense increases in rodents

description: Anthropogenic disturbances involving land use change, climate disruption,
 pollution, and invasive species have been shown to impact immune function
 of wild animals. These immune changes have direct impacts on the fitness
 of impacted animals and, also, potentially indirect effects on other
 species and on ecological processes, notably involving the spread of
 infectious disease. Here, we investigate whether the selective loss of
 large wildlife can also drive changes in immune function of other consumer
 species. Using a long-standing large-scale exclosure experiment in East
 Africa, we investigated the effects of selective removal of large wildlife
 on multiple measures of immune function in the dominant small rodent in
 the system, the East African pouched mouse, Saccostomus mearnsi. We find
 support for a general increase in immune function in landscapes where
 large wildlife has been removed, but with some variation across immune
 parameters. These changes may be mediated in part by increased pathogen
 pressure in plots where large wildlife has been removed due to major
 increases in rodent density in such plots, but other factors such as
 changes in food resources are also likely involved. Overall, our research
 reveals that the elimination of large-bodied wildlife –now recognized as
 another major form of global anthropogenic change– may have cascading
 effects on immune health, with the potential for these effects to also
 impact disease dynamics in ecological communities.
description: Immune Responses
 Saccostomus mearnsiImmunity parameters from
 Saccostomus mearnsi collected in Kenya Long Term Exclosure Experiment.
 Eartag1/Eartag2 = unique eartags applied to each animal. Species = species
 ID, always Saccostomus mearnsi (SAME). Sex = sex (always male, M).
 condition = reproductive status (always scrotal, S). Weight = mass in g.
 Number fleas = number of fleas on one side of the animal (data not used in
 analysis). CPUE = catch per unit effort (trap success per plot and
 season). Site = KLEE site used (North, South or Central represented by N,
 S, C; Exclosure = 0, Control = MWC). Capture date = date animal captured.
 Rainfall = Rainfall for the period preceding that trapping date. Trapping
 period = the period in which that animal was trapped. Neutrophil,
 Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte, Lymphocyte = number of cells of each type
 counted out of the "Total Count" column. Pre1_score = HA score
 prior to antigen exposure, Pre2_score = replicate of HA score prior to
 antigen exposure. Post1_score = HA score post antigen exposure.
 Post2_score = HA score post antigen exposure. Sheep = HA score for control
 (sheep). BKA1, BKA2, BKA3 = number of colonies present in BKA for three
 different plates. pos1,pos2,pos3 = number of colonies from positive
 control (no blood) in BKA for three plates.SAME_immunity_Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v7cj8
title: Data from: Stepwise evolution of resistance to toxic cardenolides via genetic substitutions in the Na+/K+-ATPase of milkweed butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danaini)

description: Despite the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) being famous for its
 adaptations to the defensive traits of its milkweed host plants, little is
 known about the macroevolution of these traits. Unlike most other animal
 species, monarchs are largely insensitive to cardenolides, since their
 target site, the sodium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase), has evolved amino acid
 substitutions which reduce cardenolide binding (so-called target site
 insensitivity, TSI). Since many, but not all, species of milkweed
 butterflies (Danaini) are associated with cardenolide-containing host
 plants, we analyzed 17 species, representing all phylogenetic lineages of
 milkweed butterflies, for the occurrence of TSI by sequence analyses of
 the Na+/K+-ATPase gene and by enzymatic assays with extracted
 Na+/K+-ATPase. Here we report that sensitivity to cardenolides was reduced
 in a stepwise manner during the macroevolution of milkweed butterflies.
 Strikingly, not all Danaini typically consuming cardenolides showed TSI,
 but rather TSI was more strongly associated with sequestration of toxic
 cardenolides. Thus, the interplay between bottom-up selection by plant
 compounds and top-down selection by natural enemies can explain the
 evolutionary sequence of adaptations to these toxins.
description: Photometric data ouabain
 sensitivity of Na+/K+-ATPaseDescriptions are
 included in the data file.NaKATPase_Petschenkaetal.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m74c7m9
title: Data from: Offspring fitness and the optimal propagule size in a fluctuating environment

description: Propagule size is an important maternal effect on offspring fitness and
 phenotype in birds and other oviparous animals. The performance of
 propagules often increases with size, but a fluctuating environment may
 introduce temporal variation in the optimal phenotype. Understanding these
 mechanisms will provide novel insights into the eco-evolutionary dynamics
 of life history strategies in parental reproductive investment. We
 investigated the interaction between propagule size (measured as egg
 volume) and environmental conditions on offspring mortality and phenotype
 in a Norwegian house sparrow population. Increased propagule size reduced
 offspring mortality in early life, with more pronounced effects under
 heavy precipitation. However, the optimal propagule size for low offspring
 mortality until recruitment shifted from large to small as temperature
 increased. Propagule size had no significant effect on fledgling body mass
 and tarsus length. These results reveal a potential for eco-evolutionary
 dynamics in propagule size, as populations adapt to fluctuating
 environmental conditions. The ultimate outcome of this dynamic process
 will also depend on variation in parental fitness and trade-offs with
 other life-history traits, particularly clutch size.
description: House sparrow clutch
 dataData on egg size and
 survival of clutches of house sparrows in northern Norway. One row is one
 clutch, with the variable "brood_id" as an
 identifier.house_sparrow_brood_data.txtHouse sparrow nestling dataData on nestling morphology and survival in a population of house sparrows in northern Norway. One row is one individual, with the variable "ringnr" as an identifier.house_sparrow_ind_data.txt