DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2pj0j
title: Data from: Costs of selfing prevent the spread of a self-compatibility mutation that causes reproductive assurance

description: In flowering plants, shifts from outcrossing to partial or complete
 self-fertilization have occurred independently thousands of times, yet the
 underlying adaptive processes are difficult to discern. Selfing’s ability
 to provide reproductive assurance when pollination is uncertain is an
 oft-cited ecological explanation for its evolution, but this benefit may
 be outweighed by genetic costs diminishing its selective advantage over
 outcrossing. We directly studied the fitness effects of a
 self-compatibility (SC) mutation that was backcrossed into a
 self-incompatible (SI) population of Leavenworthia alabamica, illuminating
 the direction and magnitude of selection on the mating-system modifier. In
 array experiments conducted in two years, SC plants produced 17-26% more
 seed, but this advantage was counteracted by extensive seed discounting --
 the replacement of high-quality outcrossed seeds by selfed seeds. Using a
 simple model and simulations, we demonstrate that SC mutations with these
 attributes rarely spread to high frequency in natural populations, unless
 inbreeding depression falls below a threshold value (0.57 ≤ threshold ≤
 0.70) in SI populations. A combination of heavy seed discounting and
 moderate inbreeding depression likely explains why outcrossing adaptations
 such as self-incompatibility are maintained generally, despite persistent
 input of selfing mutations and frequent limits on outcross seed production
 in nature.
description: 2014+2015 Field
 dataData on maternal fitness
 taken from plants in experimental arrays in 2014 and 2015. Plants are
 coded by their family of origin and S-locus genotype (0=SC,
 1=SI).2014+2015 Greenhouse
 dataFloral trait data
 measured on plants in controlled glasshouses in 2014 and 2015. Plants are
 coded by family of origin and S-locus genotype. Forced self pollinations
 permitted measures of self-compatibility, and estimates of autonomous
 fruit set are also included.Emasculation
 experimentThis file contains data
 on fruit and seed set of emasculated flowers visited by a single
 pollinator. This experiment was conducted in spring 2015 in site 1 (the
 Waco glade).Pollinator Data
 2014This file contains
 information on pollinators and their sequence of visits for plants in
 experimental arrays (2014 only). Plants in the top row were given an index
 of 1-8 (reading from left to right). Plants in the second, third, and
 fourth rows were given an index of 9-16, 17-24, and 25-32,
 respectively.The first tab has information on the first day each plant
 flowered. Pollinator codes were:Ant = ant; Beetle = beetle; B = honeybee
 or carpenter bee; L = lepidoptera; F = fly (excluding bee-fly); BF =
 bee-fly; AH = andrenidae/halictidae; K = katydid U =
 unknown.Pollinator Data
 2015This file contains
 information on pollinators and their sequence of visits for plants in
 experimental arrays (2015 only). Plants in the top row were given an index
 of 1-8 (reading from left to right). Plants in the second, third, and
 fourth rows were given an index of 9-16, 17-24, and 25-32,
 respectively.The first tab has information on the first day each plant
 flowered. Pollinator codes were:Ant = ant; Beetle = beetle; B = honeybee
 or carpenter bee; L = lepidoptera; F = fly (excluding bee-fly); BF =
 bee-fly; AH = andrenidae/halictidae; K = katydid U =
 unknown.S-locus Genotyping
 2014Information on the
 S-locus genotype of plants, assayed with SSCP (single-strand conformation
 polymorphism). Within each family, we adopted a convention for scoring the
 4 possible genotypes. A = Lal2-a2/Lal2-a2 homozygote (SC plant); D = Si/Sj
 heterozygote (SI plant). B and C denote plants that are heterozygous for
 the Lal2-a2 mutation (these plants were not used).S-locus genotyping
 2015Information on the
 S-locus genotype of plants, assayed with SSCP (single-strand conformation
 polymorphism). Within each family, we adopted a convention for scoring the
 4 possible genotypes. A = Lal2-a2/Lal2-a2 homozygote (SC plant); D = Si/Sj
 heterozygote (SI plant). B and C denote plants that are heterozygous for
 the Lal2-a2 mutation (these plants were not used). We also post here the
 total numbers of A,B,C, and D genotypes in each family in 2014 and
 2015.Fragment Analysis
 2014Progeny array data for
 plants in the 2014 experimental arrays, in MLTR format. Plants were
 genotyped at 6 hypervariable microsatellite markers. Maternal plants are
 denoted with (!). These data were also used for paternity inference,
 following conversion to the Cervus file format.Fragment Analysis
 2015Progeny array data for
 plants in the 2015 experimental arrays, in MLTR format. Plants were
 genotyped at 6 hypervariable microsatellite markers. Maternal plants are
 denoted with (!). These data were also used for paternity inference,
 following conversion to the Cervus file format.main.cppC++ code that simulates the S-locus and 1000 unlinked loci causing inbreeding depression. Self-incompatible populations reach a mutation-selection-drift equilibrium, whereupon a SC mutation invades. The final frequency of the SC mutation is then tabulated.Individual.hThis file contains functions called by the C++ code, main.cpp.LocusThis file contains functions called by the C++ code, main.cpp.