DOI: 10.5061/dryad.58qg7ct
title: Data from: Adaptation to hummingbird pollination is associated with reduced diversification in Penstemon

description: A striking characteristic of the Western North American flora is the
 repeated evolution of hummingbird pollination from insect-pollinated
 ancestors. This pattern has received extensive attention as an opportunity
 to study repeated trait evolution as well as potential constraints on
 evolutionary reversibility, with little attention focused on the impact of
 these transitions on species diversification rates. Yet traits conferring
 adaptation to divergent pollinators potentially impact speciation and
 extinction rates, since pollinators facilitate plant reproduction and
 specify mating patterns between flowering plants. Here we examine
 macroevolutionary processes affecting floral pollination syndrome
 diversity in the largest North American genus of flowering plants,
 Penstemon. Within Penstemon, transitions from ancestral bee-adapted
 flowers to hummingbird-adapted flowers have frequently occurred, although
 hummingbird-adapted species are rare overall within the genus. We inferred
 macroevolutionary transition and state-dependent diversification rates and
 found that transitions from ancestral bee-adapted flowers to
 hummingbird-adapted flowers are associated with reduced net
 diversification rate, a finding based on an estimated 17 origins of
 hummingbird pollination in our sample. While this finding is congruent
 with hypotheses that hummingbird adaptation in North American Flora is
 associated with reduced species diversification rates, it contrasts with
 studies of neotropical plant families where hummingbird pollination has
 been associated with increased species diversification. We further used
 the estimated macroevolutionary rates to predict the expected pattern of
 floral diversity within Penstemon over time, assuming stable
 diversification and transition rates. Under these assumptions, we find
 that hummingbird-adapted species are expected to remain rare, due to their
 reduced diversification rates. In fact, current floral diversity in the
 sampled Penstemon lineage, where less than one-fifth of species are
 hummingbird-adapted, is consistent with predicted levels of diversity
 under stable macroevolutionary rates.
description: bammfilesThis .zip file contains BAMM control files and BAMM output files relevant to the character-independent BAMM analyses reported in the supplemental information. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.character.datafilesThis .zip file contains text files of character codings for each species, used as input in RevBayes analyses and FiSSE analyses. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.phylip.datafilesThis .zip file contains the Phylip files of aligned sequence data for the full set of species and the set of crown clade species. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.revbayes.outputfilesThis .zip file contains output files of all RevBayes analyses. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.revbayes.scriptsThis .zip file contains example RevBayes scripts for each type of SSE analysis that we performed. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.revbayes.steppingstone.outputsThis .zip file contains all output files from RevBayes stepping stone analyses that calculate marginal likelihoods of competing models. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.sample.voucher.infoVoucher information for each sample in our study.treefilesThis .zip file contains tree files used in our analyses. Included is a readme file that describes individual files.various.RscriptsThis .zip file contains various R scripts used in our analyses. Included is a readme file that describes individual scripts.