DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17920539
title: Data from "Different calibration methods for a three-component strain gauge balance to measure aerodynamic forces on airfoils"

description: Data Documentation for:"Different calibration methods for a three-component strain gauge balance to measure aerodynamic forces on airfoils". Luis Santamaría (*), Mónica Galdo Vega, Manuel García-Díaz, Katia María Argüelles Díaz, Jesús Manuel Fernández Oro (2024).(*) santamarialuis@uniovi.es. Fluid Mechanics Area, Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, C/Wifredo Ricart s/n, Gijon, Asturias, 33204, SpainPublished in Sensors & Actuators: A. Physical, 374, 115511.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2024.115511

General Information

Name of dataset:Data from "Different calibration methods for a three-component strain gauge balance to measure aerodynamic forces on airfoils"

Name of data files in data set:'01_Errors_XSL-02.txt''02_Errors_XSL-10.txt''03_Errors_XSL-20.txt''04_Errors_XSL-40.txt''05_RMSEs_XS.txt''06_Errors_LS1.txt''07_Errors_LS2.txt''08_Errors_LS3.txt''09_RMSEs_LS.txt'

Dataset language:English

Date the data set was last modified:30/12/2023

Funder:The authors wish to thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities in reference to the Project: Efficiency improvement and noise reduction of a vertical axis wind turbine for urban environments (MERTURB) – Ref. MCINN-22-TED2021–131307B-I00. Additionally, the authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the rest of the members of the Fluids Engineering for Renewable Energy and Sustainability (FERES) research group, as well as the hard work of the laboratory technician Germán Marcos Robredo.

How to cite data:Data from [article reference]

Methodology for data collection:Experimental measurements were acquired using a three-component strain-gauge balance. Known static loads were applied through a calibrated weight-and-pulley setup and the mean corrected voltage responses were recorded for 78 load cases to generate the calibration dataset.

Data collector(s):Katia María Argüelles DíazLuis Santamaría Bertolín

Date of data collection:01/09/2023 - 30/12/2023

Person to contact with questions:Corresponding author or first autor (see affilations and e-mail in the paper).

Data entry:12/11/2025

Software (including version #) used to prepare data set:Matlab 2023bExcel 365

Data processing that was performed:The acquired voltage signals from the three strain-gauge bridges were processed to obtain reliable and noise-free data for calibration and analysis. Each load condition was sampled at 2 kHz using a 24-bit Adlink USB-2401 data acquisition system, and the raw signals were electrically isolated and shielded to minimize electromagnetic interference. For every measurement point, the mean value and standard deviation of the steady signal were computed, and the responses were zero-corrected by subtracting the no-load reference, yielding the net response matrix ΔR. A complete dataset of 78 calibration points—corresponding to pure and combined loading cases was then compiled. The relationship between measured forces and sensor outputs was modelled in matrix form using both exact-solution and least-squares approaches. Linear, quadratic, and cubic least-squares regressions were applied to minimize residual errors, and the resulting models were statistically evaluated through adjusted determination coefficients, variance analysis, and root-mean-square (RMS) error calculations. Normalization with respect to the full-scale load of the sensors allowed direct comparison between models. Uncertainty was estimated using ±2σ confidence intervals and 95% prediction bands to assess the accuracy and repeatability of each calibration method.

Variables:horizontal force [N]vertical force [N]pitching moment [N·m]relative error [%]

File Overview:'01_Errors_XSL-02.txt', errors in the calculated forces of the exact solution linear model, 2% of the full scale (FS) range calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'02_Errors_XSL-10.txt', errors in the calculated forces of the exact solution linear model, 10% of the full scale (FS) range calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'03_Errors_XSL-20.txt', errors in the calculated forces of the exact solution linear model, 20% of the full scale (FS) range calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'04_Errors_XSL-40.txt', errors in the calculated forces of the exact solution linear model, 40% of the full scale (FS) range calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'05_RMSEs_XS.txt', root mean square (RMS) errors in the calculated forces with different calibrations of the exact solution linear model. Columns: RMS error for 2% FS calibration, RMS error for 10% FS calibration, RMS error for 20% FS calibration, RMS error for 40% FS calibration. Rows: horizontal force component error, vertical force component error, pitching moment component error.'06_Errors_LS1.txt', errors in the calculated forces with least squares linear calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'07_Errors_LS2.txt', errors in the calculated forces with least squares quadratic calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'08_Errors_LS3.txt', errors in the calculated forces with least squares cubic calibration. Columns: reference horizontal load applied, reference vertical load applied, reference pitching moment applied, relative error in horizontal force, relative error in vertical force, relative error in pitching moment.'09_RMSEs_LS.txt', root mean square (RMS) errors in the calculated forces least squares linear, quadratic and cubic calibrations. Columns: RMS error for least-square linear model, RMS error for least-square quadratic model, RMS error for least-square cubic model. Rows: horizontal force component error, vertical force component error, pitching moment component error.