DOI: 10.4231/ygfj-e226
title: The impact of high fat diet on global protein abundance and fractional synthetic rate in liver and mammary gland of peak lactation ICR mice

description: &lt;p style="margin-bottom:11px"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:107%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:107%"&gt;&lt;span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:black"&gt;The data provided here are global proteome data and fractional synthetic rate (FSR) estimates of proteins from the liver and mammary generated when female ICR mice were fed either a high fat (HF) or control (CON) diet from five weeks of age, through gestation, and lactation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-bottom:11px"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:107%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:107%"&gt;&lt;span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:black"&gt;Maternal nutrition influences metabolic adaptations to lactation. The dam&rsquo;s ability to effectively metabolically transition from a non-lactating to a lactating state is dependent upon her diet and environment prior to and during gestation and lactation. Previous data from our lab demonstrated female ICR mice fed a HF diet (60% kcal from fat) for four weeks starting prior to breeding and through gestation, weighed more, had higher percent body fat, and their feeding behavior was altered compared to mice fed a control diet (10% of kcal from fat) (Teeple et al., 2023a,b). Mice fed a HF diet had heavier litters, and litter weight correlated with lighter liver and heavier mammary weights (Teeple et al., 2023b). During lactation, HF mice produced milk that had higher levels of fat and protein (Chen et al., 2017), lower levels of a marker of DNA damage, 8-OHdG, but higher levels of a marker of lipid peroxidation, MDA (Teeple et al., 2023b). Taken together, HF diet can have positive implications on litter weight, which in turn, may be related to organ size and increased milk components. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-bottom:11px"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:107%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:107%"&gt;&lt;span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:black"&gt;Given the phenotypic responses of dams to HF diet, our overarching objective was to determine maternal adaptation of the global proteome and protein FSR to HF diet in the liver and mammary gland. Our specific objectives were 1) to determine if protein abundance was related to FSR and  2) identify differentially abundant proteins and proteins with different FSR in the liver and mammary gland of mice fed a HF or CON diet. This study was part of a larger study (Teeple et al., 2023a,b), and a subset of ten mice (n=5 CON and n=5 HF) were used for this study. Ten female ICR mice arrived at Purdue at 3 weeks of age, acclimated to their environment for 2 weeks, then started receiving the treatment diets at 5 weeks of age. Mice received treatment diets from 5 weeks of age through day 12 of lactation. On day 11 of lactation, deuterium oxide (D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O; 20 &micro;L/g of body weight IP) was administered and added to drinking water at 4% (v/v) to metabolically label proteins. On d 12 of lactation, animals were euthanized and the liver and abdominal mammary gland were collected for global proteome analysis using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. In addition, a blood sample was collected and used to measure the level of D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O enrichment in serum to contribute to the protein FSR calculations. In the liver, FSR of 80% of proteins was decreased due to HF diet compared to CON. High fat diet fed mice demonstrated increased abundance and FSR of ketogenic and gluconeogenic enzymes in liver, indicating higher production of ketones and glucose. The liver of HF diet fed mice also had a lower abundance of mTOR, which may be in response to higher ketone levels inhibiting mTOR activity. In the mammary gland, HF diet fed mice had higher abundance of ribosomal proteins supporting greater milk production capacity compared to CON fed mice. Together, findings increase understanding of impacts of diets on maternal metabolism and milk production during lactation and expand the general understanding of how HF diet impacts metabolic pathways and proteostatic processes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
description: The data provided here are global proteome data and fractional synthetic rate (FSR) estimates of proteins from the liver and mammary generated when female ICR mice were fed either a high fat (HF) or control (CON) diet.