DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz9p
title: Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment

description: Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs,
 were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Mya), upper Dorotea Formation
 in the Magallanes/Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido-Las Chinas
 complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks
 range from 0.2 m to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in
 three sections (transverse, radial, and tangential) and analysed under a
 light microscope to study the permineralised fossils. The woods and stems
 belong to Austroginkgoxylon gen. et sp. nov., Agathoxylon antarcticum,
 Podocarpoxylon paradoxi sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon mazzonii, Palmoxylon
 subantarcticae, and Nothomalvaceoxylon magallanense gen.et sp. nov. The
 growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were
 analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm
 roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are
 recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid
 conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late
 Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental
 environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a
 global scale.
description: The fossil woods described here are based on observations of 12
 logs of silicified woods and stems collected from 16 km to the north of
 the Cerro Guido locality, Magallanes region, southern Chile (Fig. 1).
 Observations and descriptions of the slides were carried out with light
 microscopic (LM). Slides of the cross (CS), radial (RS), and tangential
 (TS) wood sections were prepared for observation using a Nikon light
 microscope. The terminology used follows, in general, the IAWA list of
 microscopic features (IAWA 2004, 1989). Cell dimensions are based on a
 minimum of 25 measurements, and the numbers in brackets indicate the
 minimum and maximum values.  Two indices were used to
 quantify the intertracheary pitting:  the ‘Contiguity percentage index
 (Cp) and Seriation index (Si)’ of Pujana <em>et al.</em>
 (2016). Values of Si equal to or close to 1.00 indicate that all the
 intertracheary pits are uniseriate, while values of Si &gt;1.00
 indicate two or more seriate pits. Values of Cp equal to or close to 0%
 indicate that pits are non-contiguous, and values of Cp close to 100%
 indicate that all pits are contiguous.
description: Libre
 Office. Version: 7.3.6.2 (x64) / LibreOffice
 Community Past 4.03.
 Paleontological stadistics software for education and data
 analysis.
description: ### DATA SET INCLUDE 7 (seven) files 1. Coexistence Approach method.ods 2.
 Mean Sensitivy.ods 3. CSDM CURVE CPAP 7192.ods 4. CSDM CURVE CPAP 7193.ods
 5. CSDM CURVE CPAP 7194.ods 6. CSDM CURVE CPAP 7195.ods 7. CSDM CURVE CPAP
 7196.ods. **COEXISTENCE APPROACH METHOD** Author/Principal
 Investigator Information: Leandro C. A. Martnez Co-Investigator
 Information: Juan Pablo Pino M. Name: Juan Pablo Pino M. ORCID:
 . Institution 1: Laboratorio
 de Paleoecologa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. Address 1:
 Las Palmeras 3425, uoa, Santiago, Chile. Institution 2: Laboratorio de
 Paleobiologa de Antrtica y Patagonia, Instituto Antrtico Chileno. Address
 2: Lautaro Navarro 1245, Punta Arenas Chile Email:
 Date of data collection:
 2023-20-05 Geographic location of data collection: El Puesto. Las Chinass
 River Valley, Magallanes Region, Chile. Information about funding sources
 that supported the collection of the data: The fossil woods and thin
 sections are stored in the Paleontological Collection of Antarctica and
 Patagonia of the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) located in Punta
 Arenas, Magallanes Province, Chile. File List: Coexistence Approach
 method.ods **Methodological information** Each tab corresponds to a single
 analyzed family (Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Arecaceae, and Malvaceae),
 while all data are collectively analyzed and presented in the RESULTS tab.
 In the data sheet for each analyzed family, MAT (Mean Annual Temperature),
 CMMT (Minimum Temperature of the Coldest Month), and MART (Temperature
 Annual Range) are expressed in °C. The empty cells in these datasets
 represent duplicated data, which was removed during the data curation
 process. In the RESULTS data sheet, the abbreviations correspond to the
 following plant families: ARAU (Araucariaceae), PODO (Podocarpaceae),
 ARECA (Arecaceae), and MALVA (Malvaceae). The variables MAX (maximum) and
 MIN (minimum) represent the climatic range for each Nearest Living
 Relative (NLR). The overlap or coexistence zone was calculated using the
 90th (upper limit) and 10th (lower limit) percentiles of the climatic
 range for each NLR to ensure precise estimates. **See methods in:**
 GREENWOOD, D. R., ARCHIBALD, S. B., MATHEWES, R. W. and MOSS, P. T. 2005.
 Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia, and
 northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene
 landscape. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, 167185. KERSHAW, A. P.
 1997. A bioclimatic analysis of early to middle Miocene brown coal floras,
 Latrobe Valley, south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 45,
 373387. MOSBRUGGER, V. 1999. The nearest living relative method. In JONES,
 T. P. and ROWE, N. P. (eds.) Fossil Plants and Spores: Modern Techniques,
 The Geological Society, London, 261265 pp. MOSBRUGGER, V. and UTESCHER, T.
 1997. The coexistence approacha method for quantitative reconstructions of
 Tertiary terrestrial palaeoclimate data using plant fossils.
 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 134, 6186. REICHGELT,
 T., KENNEDY, E. M., MILDENHALL, D. C., CONRAN, J. G., GREENWOOD, D. R. and
 LEE, D. E. 2013. Quantitative palaeoclimate estimates for early Miocene
 southern New Zealand: evidence from Foulden Maar. Palaeogeography,
 Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 378, 3644. THOMPSON, R., ANDERSON, K.,
 PELLTIER, R., STRICKLAND, L., BARTLEIN, P. and SHAFER, S. L. 2012.
 Quantitative estimation of climatic parameters from vegetation data in
 North America by the mutual climatic range technique. Quaternary Science
 Reviews, 51, 1839. UTESCHER, T., BRUCH, A. A., ERDEI, B., FRANOIS, L.,
 IVANOV, D., JACQUES, F. M. B., KERN, A.K., LIU, Y.S., MOSBRUGGER, V. and
 SPICER, R. A. 2014. The Coexistence ApproachTheoretical background and
 practical considerations of using plant fossils for climate
 quantification. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 410,
 5873. **Software:** Libre Office. Version: 7.3.6.2 (x64) / LibreOffice
 Community Past 4.03. Paleontological stadistics software for education and
 data analysis. **MEAN SENSITIVY** Author/Principal
 Investigator Information: Leandro C. A. Martnez Name: Leandro C. A.
 Martnez ORCID: . Institution:
 CONICET, Museo Histrico Regional, Gobierno de la provincia del Neuqun.
 Address: Boulevard Nahuel Huapi 2177. Villa La Angostura (8407), Neuqun,
 Argentina. Email: Date of data collection:
 2016-20-02 Geographic location of data collection: El Puesto. Las Chinass
 River Valley, Magallanes Region, Chile. Information about funding sources
 that supported the collection of the data: The fossil woods and thin
 sections are stored in the Paleontological Collection of Antarctica and
 Patagonia of the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) located in Punta
 Arenas, Magallanes Province, Chile. File List: 2. Mean Sensitivy.ods
 **Methodological information** Each tab corresponds to an analyzed
 specimen. In the data sheet, the column 'Rings' represents the
 number of growth rings, and the column 'µm' indicates their
 diameter in microns. **See methods in:** CREBER, G. T. 1977. Tree rings: a
 natural data-storage system. Biological Reviews, 52, 349383. CREBER, G. T.
 and CHALONER, W. G. 1984. Influence of environmental factors on the wood
 structure of living and fossil trees. The Botanical Review, 50, 1448.
 CREBER, G. T. and FRANCIS, J. E. 1999. Fossil tree-ring analysis:
 palaeodendrology. In JONES, T. P. and ROWE, N. P. (eds.) Fossil Plants and
 Spores: Modern Techniques, Geological Society, London, 245250 pp. FRITTS,
 H. C. 1976. Tree Rings and Climate. Academic Press, London. **Software:**
 Libre Office. Version: 7.3.6.2 (x64) / LibreOffice Community **CUMULATIVE
 SUM DEVIATION FROM THE MEAN CURVES (CSDM)** Author/Principal Investigator
 Information: Leandro C. A. Martnez Name: Leandro C. A. Martnez ORCID:
 . Institution: CONICET, Museo
 Histrico Regional, Gobierno de la provincia del Neuqun. Address: Boulevard
 Nahuel Huapi 2177. Villa La Angostura (8407), Neuqun, Argentina. Email:
 Date of data collection: 2016-20-02 Geographic
 location of data collection: El Puesto. Las Chinass River Valley,
 Magallanes Region, Chile. Information about funding sources that supported
 the collection of the data: The fossil woods and thin sections are stored
 in the Paleontological Collection of Antarctica and Patagonia of the
 Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) located in Punta Arenas, Magallanes
 Province, Chile. File List: 2. CSDM CURVE CPAP 7192.ods, CSDM CURVE CPAP
 7193.ods, CSDM CURVE CPAP 7194.ods, CSDM CURVE CPAP 7195.ods, and CSDM
 CURVE CPAP 7196.ods. **Methodological information** Each tab corresponds
 to a ring section of analyzed specimen. In the data sheet, the first
 column correspond to the number of cell in the ring, from earlywood to
 latewood. F1 to F5 correspond to the diameter in microns of a particular
 file of cells across of a particular ring. Because a slightly different
 number of cells was present in each measured file, in order to create
 meaningful average plots data from the shorter sequences were stretched
 out by adding spaces into the spreadsheet so that data from the ring
 boundaries coincided exactly. **See methods in:** FALCON-LANG, H. J.
 2000a. A method to distinguish between woods produced by evergreen and
 deciduous coniferopsids on the basis of growth ring anatomy: a new
 palaeoecological tool. Palaeontology, 43, 785793. FALCON-LANG, H. J.
 2000b. The relationship between leaf longevity and growth ring markedness
 in modern conifer woods and its implications for palaeoclimatic studies.
 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 160, 317328.
 **Software:** Libre Office. Version: 7.3.6.2 (x64) / LibreOffice Community