cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447287
title: Development and Internal Validation of a Predictive Model Including Pulse Oximetry for Hospitalization of Under-Five Children in Bangladesh

description: &lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The reduction in the deaths of millions of children who die from infectious diseases requires early initiation of treatment and improved access to care available in health facilities. A major challenge is the lack of objective evidence to guide front line health workers in the community to recognize critical illness in children earlier in their course. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; We undertook a prospective observational study of children less than 5 years of age presenting at the outpatient or emergency department of a rural tertiary care hospital between October 2012 and April 2013. Study physicians collected clinical signs and symptoms from the facility records, and with a mobile application performed recordings of oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate. Facility physicians decided the need for hospital admission without knowledge of the oxygen saturation. Multiple logistic predictive models were tested. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings:&lt;/strong&gt; Twenty-five percent of the 3374 assessed children, with a median (interquartile range) age of 1.02 (0.42–2.24), were admitted to hospital. We were unable to contact 20% of subjects after their visit. A logistic regression model using continuous oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, temperature and age combined with dichotomous signs of chest indrawing, lethargy, irritability and symptoms of cough, diarrhea and fast or difficult breathing predicted admission to hospital with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval -CI: 0.87 to 0.90). At a risk threshold of 25% for admission, the sensitivity was 77% (95% CI: 74% to 80%), specificity was 87% (95% CI: 86% to 88%), positive predictive value was 70% (95% CI: 67% to 73%) and negative predictive value was 91% (95% CI: 90% to 92%). &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; A model using oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and temperature in combination with readily obtained clinical signs and symptoms predicted the need for hospitalization of critically ill children. External validation of this model in a community setting will be required before adoption into clinical practice. &lt;br&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447288
title: Derivation and internal validation of a data-driven prediction model to guide frontline health workers in triaging children under-five in Nairobi, Kenya

description: &lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Many hospitalized children in developing countries die from infectious diseases. Early recognition of those who are critically ill coupled with timely treatment can prevent many deaths. A data-driven, electronic triage system to assist frontline health workers in categorizing illness severity is lacking. This study aimed to develop a data-driven parsimonious triage algorithm for children under five years of age. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This was a prospective observational study of children under-five years of age presenting to the outpatient department of Mbagathi Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya between January and June 2018. A study nurse examined participants and recorded history and clinical signs and symptoms using a mobile device with an attached low-cost pulse oximeter sensor. The need for hospital admission was determined independently by the facility clinician and used as the primary outcome in a logistic predictive model. We focused on the selection of variables that could be quickly and easily assessed by low skilled health workers. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The admission rate (for more than 24 hours) was 12% (N=138/1,132). We identified an eight-predictor logistic regression model including continuous variables of weight, mid-upper arm circumference, temperature, pulse rate, and transformed oxygen saturation, combined with dichotomous signs of difficulty breathing, lethargy, and inability to drink or breastfeed. This model predicts overnight hospital admission with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.94). Low- and high-risk thresholds of 5% and 25%, respectively were selected to categorize participants into three triage groups for implementation. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; A logistic regression model comprised of eight easily understood variables may be useful for triage of children under the age of five based on the probability of need for admission. This model could be used by frontline workers with limited skills in assessing children. External validation is needed before adoption in clinical practice. &lt;br&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447296
title: Smart Triage: Clinical Data - QI

description: This data is from the Smart Triage + QI: A digital triaging platform to improve quality of care for critically ill children study. Data collected for this study occurred from December 2021 to July 2023. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective(s):&lt;/strong&gt; This is a pre-post intervention study involving pediatric patients presenting to the study hospitals in seek of medical care for an acute illness. The purpose of this project was to implement Smart Triage + QI to improve the quality of care at four health care facilities in Uganda. The primary objective of the program is to enable healthcare workers to recognize the most urgent children more rapidly and allocate existing resources more efficiently. The second objective is to use the proactive processes of QI to identify and examine opportunities for ongoing improvement to strengthen the health system. The study involved two phases: (I) Baseline Period, and (II) Intervention Period. Phase II also involved a community sub-study at 1 site to identify key messaging for an appropriate methods for disseminating educational materials for VHTs and caregivers on Smart Triage. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Description:&lt;/strong&gt; Data was collected at the time of triage by trained study nurses using a custom-built mobile application. All data entered into the mobile application was stored an encrypted database. Data was uploaded directly from the mobile device to a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database hosted at the BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (Vancouver, Canada). Outcomes were obtained from facility records or telephone follow-up at 7-10 days and the data was collected electronically. Starting in June 2022, outcomes were also collected via automated follow-up (SMS/WhatsApp) messages at one site. Time-specific outcomes were tracked using an RFID tagging system with study personnel as backup. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations:&lt;/strong&gt; There is missing data and some variables were not collected at all sites. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethics Declaration:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was approved by the Makerere University Higher Degrees research and Ethics Committee (SPH-2021-41), the Uganda National Institute of Science and Technology (HS 1745ES).
DOI: 10.14288/1.0445477
title: “The advice? Think bigger”: Community perspectives on dairy farming, including surplus calves – an Australian focus group study

description: Citizens are becoming increasingly disconnected from food production. Despite this, many people still hold strong values about how food is produced. The aim of this study was to attain an in-depth understanding of Australian public attitudes towards sustainability and animal welfare in dairy production, as well as early life killing of surplus dairy calves and cow-calf separation; issues commonly identified as being out of step with public values. We conducted three focus group sessions, each with 8 Australians that varied in age, gender identity, income, and frequency of consumption of dairy products. Thematic analysis of the semi-structured discussions resulted in two key themes, each with underlying sub-themes: 1) Animal agriculture as an industry, including sustainability, farmers as people, and farming practices; and 2) Personal impacts and reflections as citizens, including ethical considerations, and consumer behaviors.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0445532
title: Data from: Phylogenomic diversity of archigregarine apicomplexans

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gregarines are a large and diverse subgroup of Apicomplexa, a lineage of obligate animal symbionts including pathogens like &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium&lt;/em&gt;, the malaria parasite. Unlike &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium&lt;/em&gt;, however, gregarines are poorly studied, despite the fact that as early-branching apicomplexans they are crucial to our understanding of the origin and evolution of all apicomplexans and their parasitic lifestyle. Exemplifying this, the earliest branch of gregarines, the archigregarines, are particularly poorly studied: around 80 species have been described from marine invertebrates, but almost all of them were assigned to a single genus, &lt;em&gt;Selenidium&lt;/em&gt;. Most are known only from light micrographs and largely unresolved rDNA phylogenies, where they exhibit a great deal of sequence variation, but fall into at least five subclades. To resolve the relationships within archigregarines, we sequenced 12 single-cell transcriptomes from species representing all four known subclades, as well as one blastogregarine (which frequently branch with &lt;em&gt;Selenidium&lt;/em&gt;). A 190-gene phylogenomic tree confirmed fourmaximally-supported individual clades of archigregarines and blastogregarines. These clades are discrete and distantly related, and also correlate with host identity. We propose the establishment of three novel genera of archigregarines to reflect their phylogenetic diversity and host range, and nine novel species isolated from a range of marine invertebrates.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0446856
title: Data for: Zircon Morphology and Geochemical Diversity During Closed-System Crystallization of the Skaergaard Intrusion

description: Data from Journal of Petrology paper "Zircon Morphology and Geochemical Diversity During Closed-System Crystallization of the Skaergaard Intrusion". These are supporting information data tables that contain all data generated from this study as well as literature data compiled and used in the publication. Supplementary Appendix A contains major and minor element oxide contents in zircon from the Skaergaard intrusion measured by EPMA. Supplementary Appendix B contains the procedures utilized for LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of zircon in this study. Supplementary Appendix C contains trace element concentrations by LA-ICP-MS of mineral separate zircon from the Skaergaard intrusion. Supplementary Appendix D contains in situ trace element concentrations in zircon from the Skaergaard intrusion measured by LA-ICP-MS. Supplementary Appendix E contains whole rock compositions of Skaergaard parental melt proxies used in rhyolite-MELTS forward geochemical models.
DOI: 10.14288/1.0445582
title: Clarifying the phylogenetic placement of the Eupoinae Maddison, 2015 with ultra-conserved element data (Araneae, Salticidae)

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;The subfamily Eupoinae Maddison, 2015 is an enigmatic group of minute leaf-litter dwelling jumping spiders from Southeast Asia. Although previous molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that it is one of the basal (non-salticine) lineages within jumping spiders, its exact placement remains unclear. In this study, ultra-conserved element data were collected from major salticid lineages to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of all salticid subfamilies, with a special focus on the placement of the Eupoinae. The results provide a well-supported phylogeny for jumping spider subfamilies, and suggest a sister relationship of Eupoinae with Spartaeinae Wanless, 1984, a basal lineage of jumping spiders with relatively high diversity of species, morphology, and behaviour diversity. With the placement of the Eupoinae, we have resolved the relationships of all salticid subfamilies, supplying a robust framework for evolutionary studies of jumping spiders.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0446858
title: Smart Discharges Uganda Under 5: Phase II clinical data of children 0-6 months - pulse oximetry

description: This data is a subset of the Smart Discharges Uganda Under 5 years parent study and is specific to the Phase II interventional cohort of children aged 0-6 months containing &lt;strong&gt;pulse oximetry&lt;/strong&gt; data. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Substantial mortality occurs after hospital discharge in children under 5 years old with suspected sepsis. This study aimed to refine and externally validate a previously developed post-discharge mortality prediction model.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this prospective observational cohort study, we recruited 0-6-month-old children admitted with suspected sepsis from the community to the paediatric wards of six Ugandan hospitals. The primary outcome was six-month post-discharge mortality among those discharged alive. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Collection Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; All data were collected at the point of care using encrypted study tablets and these data were then uploaded to a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database hosted at the BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (Vancouver, Canada). At admission, trained study nurses systematically collected data on clinical, social and demographic variables. Following discharge, field officers contacted caregivers at 2 and 4 months by phone, and in-person at 6 months, to determine vital status, post-discharge health-seeking, and readmission details. Verbal autopsies were conducted for children who had died following discharge.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethics Declaration:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was approved by the Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (No. 15/10-16), the Uganda National Institute of Science and Technology (HS 2207), and the University of British Columbia / Children & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H16-02679). This manuscript adheres to the guidelines for STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).
DOI: 10.14288/1.0446864
title: Smart Discharges Uganda Under 5: Phase II clinical data of children 6-60 months - pulse oximetry

description: This data is a subset of the Smart Discharges Uganda Under 5 years parent study and is specific to the Phase II interventional cohort of children aged 6-60 months containing &lt;strong&gt;pulse oximetry&lt;/strong&gt; data. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Substantial mortality occurs after hospital discharge in children under 5 years old with suspected sepsis. This study aimed to refine and externally validate a previously developed post-discharge mortality prediction model.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this prospective observational cohort study, we recruited 0-6-month-old children admitted with suspected sepsis from the community to the paediatric wards of six Ugandan hospitals. The primary outcome was six-month post-discharge mortality among those discharged alive. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Collection Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; All data were collected at the point of care using encrypted study tablets and these data were then uploaded to a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database hosted at the BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (Vancouver, Canada). At admission, trained study nurses systematically collected data on clinical, social and demographic variables. Following discharge, field officers contacted caregivers at 2 and 4 months by phone, and in-person at 6 months, to determine vital status, post-discharge health-seeking, and readmission details. Verbal autopsies were conducted for children who had died following discharge.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethics Declaration:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was approved by the Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (No. 15/10-16), the Uganda National Institute of Science and Technology (HS 2207), and the University of British Columbia / Children & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H16-02679). This manuscript adheres to the guidelines for STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447092
title: Ultraconserved element data for phylogenomic analysis and four-gene Sanger dataset for phylogenetic analysis of Tenkana, a new genus of plexippine jumping spider (Salticidae, Plexippini, Plexippina)

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;We describe a new plexippine genus, &lt;em&gt;Tenkana&lt;/em&gt; supported by phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCE), four-gene Sanger sequences, and morphological evidence. We transfer two species currently placed within &lt;em&gt;Colopsus&lt;/em&gt; Simon, 1902, to &lt;em&gt;Tenkana&lt;/em&gt;. The phylogenomic data places &lt;em&gt;Tenkana&lt;/em&gt; among the plexippines near &lt;em&gt;Hyllus&lt;/em&gt; C. L Koch, 1846 and &lt;em&gt;Telamonia&lt;/em&gt; Thorell, 1887, while the constrained four-gene phylogeny indicates that &lt;em&gt;Tenkana&lt;/em&gt; is distinct from &lt;em&gt;Colopsus&lt;/em&gt;. Additionally, we describe a new species, &lt;em&gt;Tenkana&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; jayamangali.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447091
title: Data from: Habitat restorations in an urban landscape rapidly assemble diverse pollinator communities that persist

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ecological restoration is a leading approach to mitigating biodiversity decline. While restoration often leads to an immediate increase in abundance or diversity, it is rarely clear whether it supports longer-term biodiversity gains at the landscape scale. To examine the impacts of urban restoration on pollinator biodiversity, we conducted a three-year natural experiment in 18 parks across a large metropolitan area. We applied an occupancy model to our survey data to determine how restoration, woody plant density, and pollinator specialization impacted interannual pollinator metacommunity dynamics. Restoration drove a rapid increase in pollinator species occurrence that was maintained through a positive balance between colonization and persistence, resulting in pollinator species richness gains that are retained. We conclude that urban restoration can effectively conserve pollinator biodiversity by influencing the processes that underlie long-term population stability. Our results highlight the need to study the long-term effects of restoration in different landscape contexts.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447186
title: Interspecific competition reduces seed dispersal in an annual plant and slows simulated range expansions

description: &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understanding the factors influencing how fast populations can spread across the landscape will be crucial as species ranges shift due to climate change. While the role of abiotic factors in determining expansion speed has been well studied in theory and empirical research, how competition impacts speed has received far less attention. Here, we investigated how seed dispersal distances change in response to competition and how these changes to distributions of dispersed seeds impact expansion speed. We dispersed four genotypes of the annual plant &lt;em&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/em&gt; with variation in life history traits into greenhouse mesocosms of either empty habitat or habitat containing the annual grass competitor, &lt;em&gt;Lolium multiflorum&lt;/em&gt;. We found that competition decreased both mean and maximum dispersal distance. We then built a simulation model of range expansion with experimental data from this and a prior experiment to explore whether competition slows species expansions primarily through decreasing dispersal or fecundity. We found that competition primarily slows expansion speed through decreases in dispersal, but that when competition impacts both dispersal and fecundity, expansions slow more than with dispersal alone. The genotype with traits associated with longer distance dispersal was the most affected by competition in both experimental dispersal and simulations. This research suggests that not only does competition slow range expansions through decreases in both fecundity and dispersal, but that there may be consequences for evolutionary processes at the leading edge.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447239
title: The effect of access to a well-resourced environment on dairy calves' cognition and affective states

description: This study aimed to explore the effect of environmental complexity on the ability of dairy calves to discriminate between conspecifics and on their sensitivity to reward. Calves were housed either in 1) pair housing for 22.5 h/d with 1.5 h of daily access to a well-resourced pen which included 3 other calves and physical devices (enriched calves, n=6 pairs) or 2) pair housing for 24 h/d (control calves, n=6 pairs). After 10 d of housing treatment, calves were trained to discriminate between 2 calves in a Y-maze over 20 d. Twelve of the 24 calves tested met the learning criterion and treatment did not affect the number of sessions needed to reach the learning criterion. Calves were then subjected to a Successive Negative Contrast test during which they were trained to approach a milk reward over 3 trials/day for 3 days. On the last training day, latencies of enriched calves increased over daily trials while control calves were faster and remained relatively consistent, suggesting a greater sensitivity to reward. Starting on day 4, the reward was reduced for the 5 following test days. On test days, calves’ latencies to reach the reward increased across daily trials but no effect of treatment or days was found. Our findings suggest that calves can discriminate among individuals but learning performance did not differ between treatments. Calves raised in standard pair housing showed increased sensitivity to reward, supporting they may experience a more negative emotional state in comparison to calves reared with temporary access to a well-resourced environment
DOI: 10.14288/1.0447191
title: Gaze and Eye Movement Data in Orthostatic Hypotension Study for Parkinson’s Patients

description: This dataset contains detailed eye-tracking measurements from patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who participated in a study on orthostatic hypotension (OH). Data were recorded as patients performed a series of gaze tasks, focusing on an object positioned first on the ceiling and then on the wall, repeating this process through three sequences of lying down and sitting up. The objective was to assess eye movement characteristics, gaze stability, and pupil dynamics under repeated orthostatic challenges. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PD, OH, and potential oculomotor and autonomic nervous system impairments.