cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.1999.372
title: Cost Recovery and Utilization of Automated Clinical Analyzer in Public Hospital and Clinical Laboratory in East Java, Indonesia

description: The objectives of this study were to assess the cost recovery of Automated Clinical Analyzer (ACA) and to determine factors influencing the utilization of ACA in public hospital and clinical laboratory in East Java, Indonesia. In calculating the cost recovery, this study applied the direct distribution for cost allocation. The cost was classified into capital cost and recurrent cost. The revenue was derived by multiplying the total number of tests with the charge. The cost recovery ratio was defined as the ratio of total revenue over total cost. For factors affecting the ACA utilization, the sample of 392 patients from public hospital, 69 patients from private clinical laboratory and 50 physicians were interviewed and analyzd by descriptive statistic to determined factor influencing utilization of ACA. The findings indicated that, from physician point of view, factors influencing the utilization of ACA were: (1) the result of laboratory tests upporting the diagnosis; (2) easy accessibility; (3) fast result; (4) financial incentive; and (5) patient's choice. physicians with 4 - 10 years of experience utilize the ACA more than other physicians. For the patient factors, it was found that the characteristics of patients, i.e. age, sex, education, occupation and geographical area, are the factors affecting the utilization of ACA. The utilization rate in public hospital and clinical laboratory were 17.5% and 10.7% respectively. From the economic and financial analysis, the capital cost was the largest component of total costs, followed by material cost and labor cost. The investment expenditure of ACA was the highest portion of total costs. The average total cost (ATC) in public hospital and clinical laboratory were Rp. 7,330 and Rp. 13,983 respectively. Which were lower than the average charge. The cost recovery in public hospital and clinical laboratory were 1.22 and 1.45 respectively. This implied that it was possible to reduce the charge or to increase the utilization of ACA.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2000.371
title: Unit cost and cost recovery analysis of community hospitals : a case study of Thongsaenkhan hospital

description: This study intends to study the cost, unit cost and cost recovery of Thongsaenkhan community hospital in fiscal year 2000 from provider's perspective. Total cost of Thongsaenkhan hospital was 28,892,655 baht. The proportion of capital, labor and material cost was 38:37:25. The majority of hospital cost (67%) was paid by budget revenue allocated from the government while 33% was paid by non-budget revenue. The hospital spent about 87% for curative care and 13% for preventive care. Unit costs of OPD, Dental clinic, Health promotion clinic and IPD were 266, 593, 1,138, and 4,215 baht per visit consecutively. Total hospital revenue was 28,049,691 baht. Governmental budget was the major source of hospital revenue (69%), while the non-budget source was only 31%. The latter included payments from various health insurance/welfare schemes, user charges, donation, and interest income. Total hospital cost recovery was 0.97 and non-budget cost recovery was 0.30. The insurance scheme providing the maximum cost recovery was CSMBS (1.37) while the minimum belonged to the underprivileged group (0.85). With the universal coverage policy, Thongsaenkhan hospital cost recovery will be lower than the situation in fiscal year 2000 (only 0.88). This means that the hospital may not survive with the newly proposed capitation-based budget. Based on the break-even analysis Thongsaenkhan hospital will survive with the capitation of 1,373.23 baht per head which is higher than the proposed rate. Alternately, the size of registered population must be at least 37,857 people which is larger than that of Thongsaenkhan district.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2000.372
title: The Effects of the United States and Thailand's macroeconomic News on baht/dollar exchange rate behavior

description: This study examines the response of exchange rate of Thai Baht vis-a-vis U.S. dollar to macroeconomic news of U.S. and Thailand during the floating exchange period from July 1997 to October 2000. Compared to previous, this study attempts, for the first time, to include the news from U.S. macroeconomic data into the news model of exchange rate determination. The new is associated with the unexpected component of the monthly release of five U.S. macroeconomic variables and five Thailand macroeconomic variables. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether an exchange rate response to the economic news when the release data are announced in the market. This study would also provide a better understanding on the exchange rate determination related to the macroeconomic news to investors, exporters, and importers. For U.S. news, the results suggest that the baht/dollar exchange rate does react to positive unemployment news in the monthly model and react to small industrial production index news in daily model. For Thailand, Producer Price Index (PPI) and Private Consumptions (PC) have an impact on an exchange rate movement in daily model while positive Consumer Price Index (CPI) and small Manufacturing Production Index news affect exchange rate in the monthly model. This study supports the hypothesis that macroeconomic "news" does have an impact to an exchange rate. However, the impact might be seen as quantitatively small. As a result, this study can actively facilitate economic agents on how to rationally select which news information that yields the most impact on the baht/dollar exchange rate movement
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2000.373
title: Relationship between money laundering and the balance of payments in the case of Thailand (1990-1997)

description: As economic growth in Thailand is expanding rapidly since 1990,economic crime and fraud is also expanding in corresponding with thegrowth. Not only that, those crime and fraud are adapting and developingnew ways and procedures to cope with new laws and regulations and hidethemselves in the system, which make than very hard to detect. In the study, economic crime and fraud can be classified as thefactor that directly influences the abnormal changes in the error of thebalance of payment. Such influences can be seen as transferring, changing,and others type of activities that snake illegal money or asset to becomelegal one. Those activities are called "Laudrying Money", and theycertainly play essential affect to Thailand net balance of payment. The study shows that Thai economic system does not have effectiverules and regulations to prevent laundrying money both in the bankingsector and the non-banking one. In conclusion, the study suggests that prevention using Offectivelaws and regulations plus getting rid of existing economics crime and fraudwill help narrow down the abnormal fluctuation in the net balance ofpayment. Therefore, support is needed and necessary from all to helpprevent and protect economic crime and fraud from Thai economy
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.487
title: Tourism Demand Model : determinants of Thailand's international tourist receipt

description: To identify and examine some major determinants affecting the demand for Thailand's international tourist receipts and also to examine the situation and statistics of Thailand tourism industry. This study is restricted to only international tourist not domestic. The annually time-series data of 1978 to 1999 from secondary sources is employed. Econometric models were constructed and estimated on five selected countries of tourists' origin, in order to measure the response of demand to the change in determinants. The empirical results show that income variable is statistically significant and highly elastic in two cases with elasticity of 1.57 and 1.94. the relative price is statistically significant in two cases with elasticity of -0.81 and -1.02, while the exchange rate variable is found to be significant in only one case with elasticity of 0.79. The lagged income variable is also found to be significant and highly elastic in three cases with elasticity range from -1.21 to 2.89. The variable of national tourism office marketing expenditures is found to be significant in four out of five cases with elasticity range from 0.27 to 0.46. The dummy variable on special marketing program (the Visit Thailand Year 1987) is insignificant in all cases, while the dummy variable on the world political crisis (the Persian Gulf War) is found to be significant in only one case with unexpected sign of coefficient. Multicollinearity were detected and is the biggest problem of the study, the results should be better without such problem.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.488
title: Measurement of vision function and quality of life in the patients under phacoemulsification with the intraocular lenses of different prices

description: This study was the starting point of the study of the effectiveness in the Phacoemulsification treatment with the intraocular lenses (IOLs) of different prices: IOLs Brand A cost THB 2,000 (USD 44.97) /Lens, IOLs Brand B cost THB 600 (USD 13.49)/Lens and IOLs Brand C cost THB 900 (USD 20.45)/Lens. These were the prices in the year 2001. By the way, all of them basically had the same characteristics : 6 - millimeter diameter, modified C-loop with 1 piece of haptic under the same treatment method which was the mentioned Phacoemulsification. This particular method was one of the most preferable among the opthalmologists for the cataract surgery because of the low rate complication. It was implemented at Lampang Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.The objective of the study was to compare the vision function (VF) and the quality of life (QOL), first developed by Fletcher et al, with the scores gained after the surgery by using the 3 brands of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) IOLs as well as the risk factors of the complication from the surgery.This study was a cohort study based on the primary data. The cataract patients who were registered for the surgery were selected by the established criteria. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed by post-graduate opthalmologists who had at least 5 years' experience in the cataract surgery. And those particular selected subjects would be interviewed with the vision function (VF) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires. In addition to VF and QOL, the other 3 measurements in the thesis were standard gamble (SG), visual analogue scale (VAS) and time trade off (TTO). The analysis consisted of 2 stages. The first stage was the validity test of the tools by partial correlation and regression analysis. From this first stage, it was found that the best tool was QOL. The middle ranks were VF and VAS, and the worst was TTO. The second stage was the means comparing of the scores gained from "before" to "2 weeks after surgery" of vision function and quality of life among the 3 brands of PMMA IOLs by using t-test. As for comparing means, the result showed that the VF scores gained from "before" to "2 weeks after surgery" of IOLs Brand A was significantly more than the ones of IOLs Brand B, and the significance (2-tailed) was .002. And the VF scores gained of IOLs Brand A was significantly more than the ones of IOLs Brand C, and the significance (2- tailed) was .089. This meant that IOLs Brand A had the highest mean of VF scores gained more than IOLs Brand B and IOLs Brand C. This study could be concluded that the intraocular lenses of different brand names ordifferent prices had unequal outcome. Accordingly a further study would be need to seek a cost-effectiveness analysis of cataract surgery to provide the efficiency aspect for decision making.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.489
title: Cost Recovery Potential of Takeo Hospital Cambodia

description: The objectives of this study are to estimate cost, revenue, unit cost, and the potential cost recovery of Takeo hospital in fiscal year 2003 from provider's perspective. This study is a retrospective study made by using the secondary data. The data have been collected from Takeo Hospital, earlier study report and Ministry of Health. The methodology involved in the study consists of 4 steps. The first step is to identify the total hospital cost and unit cost of each patients service cost center. The second step is to estimate the hospital revenue. The third step is to calculate cost recovery ratios for each of three reveue sources, namely, patients' fees, government contribution, and the others. The fourth step is the sensitivity analysis to identify cost recovery potential of the Takeo hospital. Total cost of Takeo hospital for year 2003 will be US$ 486,232.65 which can be divide into labor cost of US$ 196,818.64, material cost of US$270,141.33, and capital cost of US$19,272.68 (LC:0.40, MC: 0.56, CC: 0.04). The unit cost will be US$5.80 per OPD, US$ 42.25 per case for IPD, US$ 41.25 per surgery intervention. The sensitivity indicate that with fee increase by 10%, 20%, and 50%, the revenue also increase because of price inelasticity and populations growth. Cost recovery contributes of user fees increases from basline point 0.30 (with zero price increase) to 0.38, 0.42, and 0.58 (with 50% price increase). The total cost recovery ratio will be 0.78, 0.88, 1.13, while the estimate number of unaffordable will increase by US$393,471.40, US$411,160.45, and 479,008.52 respectively. Concerning with policy of the MOH and the National Charter on Health Financing, Takeo hospital cannot increase the revenue by increasing fee of charge as to many unaffordable cannot access the services. Obviously, Takeo hospital cannot survive in the future without additional government and foreign financial support.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.490
title: The effect of change in exchange rate to intermediate imports of Thailand

description: This thesis aims at studying the effect from change in exchange rate to the imports of intermediate products and capital goods for Thailand by using secondary data during 1964-2000. The intermediate products and capital goods are separated to 4 categories, namely intermediate products chiefly for consumer goods, intermediate imports chiefly for capital goods, capital goods and other imports. The regression results after improving the model by using the Cochrance-Orcutt procedure were as follow; For imtermediate products chiefly for consumer goods variables there were 2 from 7 equations that exchange rate had negative effect on these variables as expected, which are 3rd and 6th and 2 equations that exchange rate was inelastic to intermediate imports there were 2nd and 7th equations. In the second category, Intermediate prodducts chiefly for capital goods variables there were 2 from 4 equations that exchange rate has negative effect on these variables as expected which were 9th and 10th equations but exchange rate were unitary to intermediate imports in every equations. In the third category, capital goods variables there were 9 from 15 equations that exchange rate had negative effect on these variables as expected these were 12th 13th, 15th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd and 24th equations but only 19th, 21st and 22nd equations which demand for intermediate imports were elastic, the others are unitary. In the last category, other imports variables there were 10 from 12 equations that exchange rate had negative effect on these variables as expected these were 27th, 28th, 29, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 35th, 36th, 37th and 38th equations. And demand for intermediate imports was elastic in almost every equation exclude in 32nd, 33rd, 34th and 38th equations, which are unitary. But in every equation GDP had positive effect on the import demand as expected implying that when GDP change, this will effect the intermediate products and capital goods in the positive way in every equation. It is concluded that the GDP had more consistent effect to the demand for intermediates import than exchange rate variable. Growth of the economy would have strong and consistent effect to import demand of Thailand while change in exchange rate had no proedictable effect.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.491
title: Economic loss from work accident and determinants of work injury rate in Thailand

description: This study aims to estimate the magnitude of economic loss from work accidents, and obtain determinants of work injury rate in Thailand. Human Capital Approach is applid based on secondary data of approved work injuries in 2000. Economic loss is comprised of direct loss, paid in the form of medical treatment cost and rehabilitation cost from the Workmen's Compensation Fund (WCF), and indirect loss whoch is the earning loss resulted from premature death, permanent total or partial disability, or temporary disability. The ordinary least square method is applied to obtain the determinants on work injury rate. The study reveals that the direct loss from work accidents is 458.79 million baht. The indirect loss ranges from 2,276.29 million to 5,274.35 million baht, representing 5.96 to 12.5 times greater than the direct loss when 6%-12% of earning growth rates are applied respectively. Total economic loss ranges from 2,735.08 million to 5,733.16 million baht, representing 0.05% to 0.117% of Thailand GDP. The average economic loss per worker ranges from 0.70% to 1.46% of the average employees' annual earnings. The result indicates that domestic products of non-agricultural sector have significant positive effect while the economic crisis has significant negative effect on the work injury rate. The GDP growth, the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare notification on safety committee, WCF coverage, and budget allocated to occupational health and safety promotions have non-significant negative effects. Safety inspection coverage has non-significant positive effect on work injuries rate.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.492
title: Behavior of foreign investors affecting stock return and volatility of Thailand Stock Market

description: The objective of the study is to identify the behavior of foreign investors effecting stock return and volatility of Thailand Stock Market during 1995-2000. In order to determine the trading strategy and market response, key variables are classified into two groups, dependent and independent variables. SET index; Banking, Finance, Communication, Elctronic, as well as Energy Sectors are considered as dependent variables since these groups responses according to the major independent variable such as Trading volume, DJIA, IXIC, NIX, HK, INET, CNET, FNET, VOL, Baht The coefficient correlation under OLS and GARCH are primary tools to determine the degree of influence to SET index. GARCH model does uperior tools in minimizing the error term. The regression results after improving the OLS model by using GARCH model were as followed; Retail investors have negative coefficient correlation to SET Indext and Energy sector, but they have positive coefficient correlation to Banking, Finance, Communication, and Electronic Sectors. On the contrary, Institution Investors have positive coefficient corrlation only with Banking Sector. Furthermore, the institution investors had negative coefficient correlation with SET index, Financial, Communication, Energy as well as Electronic sector. In summary, both retail and institutional investors have reverse relationship to SET Index. Retail investors have response to the market volatility faster than institutional investors. Foreign investors did "contraries investment strategy." They have positive coefficient correlation to SET index, and all 5 major business sectors. Foreign Exchang (Thai Baht/US$) had only one positive coefficient correlation to Electronic sector, and has negative coefficient correlation to SET index, Banking, Finance, Communication, as well as Energy sectors. The volume trading had positive effect on all depedent variables such as SET Index, and its 5 business sectors, implying that when the market trickles in specified sector, all three investors will follow. It is concluded that foreign investors can influence the stock return and create volatility of Thailand Stock Market since foreign investors have positive coefficient correlation to all dependent variables.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2001.493
title: Determinants of charge per diagnosis related groups relative weight of public hospitals in Thailand
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6496610
title: Tracks of Indian Summer monsoon Low-Pressure Systems from ERA5

description: This repository contains the codes and dataset as explained below: 1) This dataset contains downstream and in situ LPS tracks over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) classified using the algorithm developed by Srujan et al. (2021) from 1979-2017 using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The LPS are tracked from mean sea level pressure (MSLP) using the algorithm developed by Praveen et al. (2015). 2) This also contains Principal components (PCs) of Rossby filtered OLR. 3) The code to compute Transfer Entropy between PC1 of Rossby filtered OLR over West Pacific region and MSLP anomaly over BoB. 4) Codes and data to perform Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) test. <strong>References:</strong> Praveen, V., Sandeep, S., & Ajayamohan, R. S. (2015). <strong>On the relationship between mean monsoon precipitation and low pressure systems in climate model simulations</strong>. <em>Journal of Climate</em>, <em>28</em>(13), 5305-5324. Srujan, K. S. S. S., Sandeep, S., & Suhas, E. (2021). <strong>Downstream and In Situ Genesis of Monsoon Low‐Pressure Systems in Climate Models</strong>. <em>Earth and Space Science</em>, <em>8</em>(9), e2021EA001741.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6496609
title: Tracks of Indian Summer monsoon Low-Pressure Systems from ERA5

description: This repository contains the codes and dataset as explained below: 1) This dataset contains downstream and in situ LPS tracks over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) classified using the algorithm developed by Srujan et al. (2021) from 1979-2017 using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The LPS are tracked from mean sea level pressure (MSLP) using the algorithm developed by Praveen et al. (2015). 2) This also contains Principal components (PCs) of Rossby filtered OLR. 3) The code to compute Transfer Entropy between PC1 of Rossby filtered OLR over West Pacific region and MSLP anomaly over BoB. 4) Codes and data to perform Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) test. <strong>References:</strong> Praveen, V., Sandeep, S., & Ajayamohan, R. S. (2015). <strong>On the relationship between mean monsoon precipitation and low pressure systems in climate model simulations</strong>. <em>Journal of Climate</em>, <em>28</em>(13), 5305-5324. Srujan, K. S. S. S., Sandeep, S., & Suhas, E. (2021). <strong>Downstream and In Situ Genesis of Monsoon Low‐Pressure Systems in Climate Models</strong>. <em>Earth and Space Science</em>, <em>8</em>(9), e2021EA001741.