cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331442.v2
title: Impact of respiratory motion on variable relative biological effectiveness in 4D-dose distributions of proton therapy

description: <b>Background:</b> Organ motion during radiation therapy with scanned protons leads to deviations between the planned and the delivered physical dose. Using a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 linearly maps these deviations into RBE-weighted dose. However, a constant value cannot account for potential nonlinear variations in RBE suggested by variable RBE models. Here, we study the impact of motion on recalculations of RBE-weighted dose distributions using a phenomenological variable RBE model. <b>Material and methods:</b> 4D-dose calculation including variable RBE was implemented in the open source treatment planning toolkit matRad. Four scenarios were compared for one field and two field proton treatments for a liver cancer patient assuming (<i>α</i>∕<i>β</i>)<i><sub>x</sub></i> = 2 Gy and (<i>α</i>∕<i>β</i>)<i><sub>x</sub></i> = 10 Gy: (A) the optimized static dose distribution with constant RBE, (B) a static recalculation with variable RBE, (C) a 4D-dose recalculation with constant RBE and (D) a 4D-dose recalculation with variable RBE. For (B) and (D), the variable RBE was calculated by the model proposed by McNamara. For (C), the physical dose was accumulated with direct dose mapping; for (D), dose-weighted radio-sensitivity parameters of the linear quadratic model were accumulated to model synergistic irradiation effects on RBE. <b>Results:</b> Dose recalculation with variable RBE led to an elevated biological dose at the end of the proton field, while 4D-dose recalculation exhibited random deviations everywhere in the radiation field depending on the interplay of beam delivery and organ motion. For a single beam treatment assuming (<i>α</i>∕<i>β</i>)<i><sub>x</sub></i> = 2 Gy, D<sub>95</sub><i><sub>%</sub></i> was 1.98 Gy (RBE) (A), 2.15 Gy (RBE) (B), 1.81 Gy (RBE) (C) and 1.98 Gy (RBE) (D). The homogeneity index was 1.04 (A), 1.08 (B), 1.23 (C) and 1.25 (D). <b>Conclusion:</b> For the studied liver case, intrafractional motion did not reduce the modulation of the RBE-weighted dose postulated by variable RBE models for proton treatments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331340
title: Applicability of large-ion lithophile and high field strength element basalt discrimination diagrams

description: Basalt discriminant diagrams have been used to identify the tectonic setting of basaltic magmatism since the 1970s and have played an important role in reconstructing paleotectonic environments. However, the significant increase in the availability of geochemical data has led to a reassessment of these diagrams, suggesting that some of the tectonic settings indicated by these diagrams are not accurate. Here, we use a database of global ocean island basalt (OIB), mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and island arc basalt (IAB) geochemistry to propose a series of new tectonic discriminant diagrams based on the ratios of large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) to high field strength elements (HFSEs). These new diagrams indicate that the LILE can be used to differentiate OIB, MORB, and IAB samples, meaning that LILE/HFSE ratios can discriminate between these basalts that form in different tectonic settings. Our new diagrams can correctly assign samples to OIB, MORB, and IAB categories more than 85% of the time, with the discrimination between OIB and MORB having an accuracy of slightly less than 85%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331340.v1
title: Applicability of large-ion lithophile and high field strength element basalt discrimination diagrams

description: Basalt discriminant diagrams have been used to identify the tectonic setting of basaltic magmatism since the 1970s and have played an important role in reconstructing paleotectonic environments. However, the significant increase in the availability of geochemical data has led to a reassessment of these diagrams, suggesting that some of the tectonic settings indicated by these diagrams are not accurate. Here, we use a database of global ocean island basalt (OIB), mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and island arc basalt (IAB) geochemistry to propose a series of new tectonic discriminant diagrams based on the ratios of large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) to high field strength elements (HFSEs). These new diagrams indicate that the LILE can be used to differentiate OIB, MORB, and IAB samples, meaning that LILE/HFSE ratios can discriminate between these basalts that form in different tectonic settings. Our new diagrams can correctly assign samples to OIB, MORB, and IAB categories more than 85% of the time, with the discrimination between OIB and MORB having an accuracy of slightly less than 85%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331319
title: Original reconstructions from clsm-scans after wrapping in the the adjusted grid

description: This fileset contains the reconstructions of the individuals of the scanned morpotypes A and B, which have been covered and wrapped with the grid for point wise comparability. The respective study is published as Horstmann et al. 2018 "Scan, extract, wrap, compute - a 3D method to analyse morphological shape differences" in peerJ.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331319.v1
title: Original reconstructions from clsm-scans after wrapping in the the adjusted grid

description: This fileset contains the reconstructions of the individuals of the scanned morpotypes A and B, which have been covered and wrapped with the grid for point wise comparability. The respective study is published as Horstmann et al. 2018 "Scan, extract, wrap, compute - a 3D method to analyse morphological shape differences" in peerJ.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331277
title: Development of an interlaced-crossfiring geometry for proton grid therapy

description: <b>Background:</b> Grid therapy has in the past normally been performed with single field photon-beam grids. In this work, we evaluated a method to deliver grid therapy based on interlacing and crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton beamlets over a target volume, by Monte Carlo simulations. <b>Material and methods:</b> Dose profiles for single mm-wide proton beamlets (1, 2 and 3 mm FWHM) in water were simulated with the Monte Carlo code TOPAS. Thereafter, grids of proton beamlets were directed toward a cubic target volume, located at the center of a water tank. The aim was to deliver a nearly homogeneous dose to the target, while creating high dose heterogeneity in the normal tissue, i.e., high gradients between valley and peak doses in the grids, down to the close vicinity of the target. <b>Results:</b> The relative increase of the beam width with depth was largest for the smallest beams (+6.9 mm for 1 mm wide and 150 MeV proton beamlets). Satisfying dose coverage of the cubic target volume (<i>σ</i> <b>Conclusions:</b> A nearly homogeneous dose distribution can be obtained in a target volume by crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton-beamlets, while maintaining the grid pattern of the dose distribution at large depths in the normal tissue, close to the target volume. We expect that the use of this method will increase the tumor control probability and improve the normal tissue sparing in grid therapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331277.v1
title: Development of an interlaced-crossfiring geometry for proton grid therapy

description: <b>Background:</b> Grid therapy has in the past normally been performed with single field photon-beam grids. In this work, we evaluated a method to deliver grid therapy based on interlacing and crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton beamlets over a target volume, by Monte Carlo simulations. <b>Material and methods:</b> Dose profiles for single mm-wide proton beamlets (1, 2 and 3 mm FWHM) in water were simulated with the Monte Carlo code TOPAS. Thereafter, grids of proton beamlets were directed toward a cubic target volume, located at the center of a water tank. The aim was to deliver a nearly homogeneous dose to the target, while creating high dose heterogeneity in the normal tissue, i.e., high gradients between valley and peak doses in the grids, down to the close vicinity of the target. <b>Results:</b> The relative increase of the beam width with depth was largest for the smallest beams (+6.9 mm for 1 mm wide and 150 MeV proton beamlets). Satisfying dose coverage of the cubic target volume (<i>σ</i> <b>Conclusions:</b> A nearly homogeneous dose distribution can be obtained in a target volume by crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton-beamlets, while maintaining the grid pattern of the dose distribution at large depths in the normal tissue, close to the target volume. We expect that the use of this method will increase the tumor control probability and improve the normal tissue sparing in grid therapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331277.v3
title: Development of an interlaced-crossfiring geometry for proton grid therapy

description: <b>Background:</b> Grid therapy has in the past normally been performed with single field photon-beam grids. In this work, we evaluated a method to deliver grid therapy based on interlacing and crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton beamlets over a target volume, by Monte Carlo simulations. <b>Material and methods:</b> Dose profiles for single mm-wide proton beamlets (1, 2 and 3 mm FWHM) in water were simulated with the Monte Carlo code TOPAS. Thereafter, grids of proton beamlets were directed toward a cubic target volume, located at the center of a water tank. The aim was to deliver a nearly homogeneous dose to the target, while creating high dose heterogeneity in the normal tissue, i.e., high gradients between valley and peak doses in the grids, down to the close vicinity of the target. <b>Results:</b> The relative increase of the beam width with depth was largest for the smallest beams (+6.9 mm for 1 mm wide and 150 MeV proton beamlets). Satisfying dose coverage of the cubic target volume (<i>σ</i> <b>Conclusions:</b> A nearly homogeneous dose distribution can be obtained in a target volume by crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton-beamlets, while maintaining the grid pattern of the dose distribution at large depths in the normal tissue, close to the target volume. We expect that the use of this method will increase the tumor control probability and improve the normal tissue sparing in grid therapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331277.v2
title: Development of an interlaced-crossfiring geometry for proton grid therapy

description: <b>Background:</b> Grid therapy has in the past normally been performed with single field photon-beam grids. In this work, we evaluated a method to deliver grid therapy based on interlacing and crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton beamlets over a target volume, by Monte Carlo simulations. <b>Material and methods:</b> Dose profiles for single mm-wide proton beamlets (1, 2 and 3 mm FWHM) in water were simulated with the Monte Carlo code TOPAS. Thereafter, grids of proton beamlets were directed toward a cubic target volume, located at the center of a water tank. The aim was to deliver a nearly homogeneous dose to the target, while creating high dose heterogeneity in the normal tissue, i.e., high gradients between valley and peak doses in the grids, down to the close vicinity of the target. <b>Results:</b> The relative increase of the beam width with depth was largest for the smallest beams (+6.9 mm for 1 mm wide and 150 MeV proton beamlets). Satisfying dose coverage of the cubic target volume (<i>σ</i> <b>Conclusions:</b> A nearly homogeneous dose distribution can be obtained in a target volume by crossfiring grids of mm-wide proton-beamlets, while maintaining the grid pattern of the dose distribution at large depths in the normal tissue, close to the target volume. We expect that the use of this method will increase the tumor control probability and improve the normal tissue sparing in grid therapy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331238
title: Analysis of CT-verified loco-regional recurrences after definitive IMRT for HNSCC using site of origin estimation methods

description: <b>Introduction:</b> A significant part of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develop recurrent disease after curative radiotherapy. We aimed to analyze loco-regional recurrence pattern by identifying possible points of recurrence origin by three different methods in relation to treatment volumes. <b>Material and methods:</b> A total of 455 patients completed IMRT-based treatment for HNSCC from 2006 to 2012. A total of 159 patients had remaining cancer after IMRT, developed loco-regional recurrence or distant disease during follow-up. Among those, 69 patients with loco-regional recurrences had affirmative CT or PET/CT scan. Possible points of origin (POs) of the recurrences were identified on scans by two independent observers, estimated as center of mass and as maximum surface distance. The recurrence position was analyzed in relation to high-dose treatment volume (CTV1) and 95% of prescription dose. <b>Results:</b> In total, 104 loco-regional recurrences (54 in T-site and 50 in N-site) were identified in 69 patients. Median time to recurrence for the 69 patients was 10 months. No clinically relevant difference was found between the four POs, with standard deviation between POs in <i>x</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>z</i> axes of 3, 3 and 6 mm. For recurrences inside CTV1, 0–5 mm and 5–10 mm outside CTV1 the standard deviation of dose differences between the POs were 1, 1.4 and 1 Gy, respectively. 56% and 25% of T-site and N-site recurrences were inside CTV1, respectively. Coverage by 95% prescription dose to high-dose treatment volume was achieved in 78% of T-site and 39% of N-site recurrences. <b>Conclusions:</b> For recurrences identified by possible points of recurrence origin, no significant difference between observer-based or mathematically estimated methods was found. More than half of T-site recurrences were inside high-dose treatment volume, whereas N-site recurrences were mainly outside.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331238.v1
title: Analysis of CT-verified loco-regional recurrences after definitive IMRT for HNSCC using site of origin estimation methods

description: <b>Introduction:</b> A significant part of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develop recurrent disease after curative radiotherapy. We aimed to analyze loco-regional recurrence pattern by identifying possible points of recurrence origin by three different methods in relation to treatment volumes. <b>Material and methods:</b> A total of 455 patients completed IMRT-based treatment for HNSCC from 2006 to 2012. A total of 159 patients had remaining cancer after IMRT, developed loco-regional recurrence or distant disease during follow-up. Among those, 69 patients with loco-regional recurrences had affirmative CT or PET/CT scan. Possible points of origin (POs) of the recurrences were identified on scans by two independent observers, estimated as center of mass and as maximum surface distance. The recurrence position was analyzed in relation to high-dose treatment volume (CTV1) and 95% of prescription dose. <b>Results:</b> In total, 104 loco-regional recurrences (54 in T-site and 50 in N-site) were identified in 69 patients. Median time to recurrence for the 69 patients was 10 months. No clinically relevant difference was found between the four POs, with standard deviation between POs in <i>x</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>z</i> axes of 3, 3 and 6 mm. For recurrences inside CTV1, 0–5 mm and 5–10 mm outside CTV1 the standard deviation of dose differences between the POs were 1, 1.4 and 1 Gy, respectively. 56% and 25% of T-site and N-site recurrences were inside CTV1, respectively. Coverage by 95% prescription dose to high-dose treatment volume was achieved in 78% of T-site and 39% of N-site recurrences. <b>Conclusions:</b> For recurrences identified by possible points of recurrence origin, no significant difference between observer-based or mathematically estimated methods was found. More than half of T-site recurrences were inside high-dose treatment volume, whereas N-site recurrences were mainly outside.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331238.v3
title: Analysis of CT-verified loco-regional recurrences after definitive IMRT for HNSCC using site of origin estimation methods

description: <b>Introduction:</b> A significant part of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develop recurrent disease after curative radiotherapy. We aimed to analyze loco-regional recurrence pattern by identifying possible points of recurrence origin by three different methods in relation to treatment volumes. <b>Material and methods:</b> A total of 455 patients completed IMRT-based treatment for HNSCC from 2006 to 2012. A total of 159 patients had remaining cancer after IMRT, developed loco-regional recurrence or distant disease during follow-up. Among those, 69 patients with loco-regional recurrences had affirmative CT or PET/CT scan. Possible points of origin (POs) of the recurrences were identified on scans by two independent observers, estimated as center of mass and as maximum surface distance. The recurrence position was analyzed in relation to high-dose treatment volume (CTV1) and 95% of prescription dose. <b>Results:</b> In total, 104 loco-regional recurrences (54 in T-site and 50 in N-site) were identified in 69 patients. Median time to recurrence for the 69 patients was 10 months. No clinically relevant difference was found between the four POs, with standard deviation between POs in <i>x</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>z</i> axes of 3, 3 and 6 mm. For recurrences inside CTV1, 0–5 mm and 5–10 mm outside CTV1 the standard deviation of dose differences between the POs were 1, 1.4 and 1 Gy, respectively. 56% and 25% of T-site and N-site recurrences were inside CTV1, respectively. Coverage by 95% prescription dose to high-dose treatment volume was achieved in 78% of T-site and 39% of N-site recurrences. <b>Conclusions:</b> For recurrences identified by possible points of recurrence origin, no significant difference between observer-based or mathematically estimated methods was found. More than half of T-site recurrences were inside high-dose treatment volume, whereas N-site recurrences were mainly outside.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331259.v2
title: Moderate dose escalation with volumetric modulated arc therapy improves outcome in rectal cancer

description: <b>Background:</b> Locally advanced rectal cancer is frequently treated with a long course of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. We investigated the effect of moderate dose escalation with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) up to 50 Gy in 25 fractions compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to 45 Gy in 25 fractions in rectal cancer patients. Dose–volume parameters, acute toxicity, and complete response rates were compared. <b>Material and Methods:</b> For both groups, 65 patients were selected from our database through availability. Dose–volume parameters and acute toxicity data were compared using a Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-test. Univariate and multivariate analyses correcting for tumor and nodal stage, distance to the mesorectal fascia and interval to surgery were used to compare complete response rates. <b>Results:</b> Lower mean doses to the small and large bowel were observed in the VMAT group compared to the 3D-CRT group (21 Gy vs. 29 Gy [<i>p</i> p = .002], respectively). Similar beneficial dose–volume parameters were observed for the bladder, sacrum and femoral heads. Furthermore, patients receiving VMAT experienced significantly less diarrhea, flatulence, non-infective cystitis, urinary frequency, dermatitis, and fatigue. In univariate analysis, a significant increase in complete response rate after moderate dose escalation with VMAT was observed (34% vs. 15%, <i>p</i> = .015). However, this did not remain significant when corrected for tumor and nodal stage, distance to the mesorectal fascia, and interval to surgery. <b>Conclusions:</b> Moderate dose escalation with VMAT resulted in superior dose–volume parameters compared to 3D-CRT, translating into lower acute toxicity. Additionally, improved tumor response after VMAT up to 50 Gy might contribute to a higher percentage of patients achieving a complete response.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5331238.v2
title: Analysis of CT-verified loco-regional recurrences after definitive IMRT for HNSCC using site of origin estimation methods

description: <b>Introduction:</b> A significant part of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develop recurrent disease after curative radiotherapy. We aimed to analyze loco-regional recurrence pattern by identifying possible points of recurrence origin by three different methods in relation to treatment volumes. <b>Material and methods:</b> A total of 455 patients completed IMRT-based treatment for HNSCC from 2006 to 2012. A total of 159 patients had remaining cancer after IMRT, developed loco-regional recurrence or distant disease during follow-up. Among those, 69 patients with loco-regional recurrences had affirmative CT or PET/CT scan. Possible points of origin (POs) of the recurrences were identified on scans by two independent observers, estimated as center of mass and as maximum surface distance. The recurrence position was analyzed in relation to high-dose treatment volume (CTV1) and 95% of prescription dose. <b>Results:</b> In total, 104 loco-regional recurrences (54 in T-site and 50 in N-site) were identified in 69 patients. Median time to recurrence for the 69 patients was 10 months. No clinically relevant difference was found between the four POs, with standard deviation between POs in <i>x</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>z</i> axes of 3, 3 and 6 mm. For recurrences inside CTV1, 0–5 mm and 5–10 mm outside CTV1 the standard deviation of dose differences between the POs were 1, 1.4 and 1 Gy, respectively. 56% and 25% of T-site and N-site recurrences were inside CTV1, respectively. Coverage by 95% prescription dose to high-dose treatment volume was achieved in 78% of T-site and 39% of N-site recurrences. <b>Conclusions:</b> For recurrences identified by possible points of recurrence origin, no significant difference between observer-based or mathematically estimated methods was found. More than half of T-site recurrences were inside high-dose treatment volume, whereas N-site recurrences were mainly outside.