cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2q23r19d
title: Islands of Four Mountains Artifact Analysis, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 2013

description: This international and interdisciplinary project investigated connections among geological, ecological, and human systems in the Islands of the Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands. Extending 1800 km between the North American and Asian continents, the Aleutian Islands divide the northern Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea. Given their unique subpolar location, their genesis on a volcanically- and seismically-active plate boundary, and their gradual colonization by humans during the past 9000 years, the Aleutian Islands are an excellent natural archaeological laboratory for tracking past: (1) human ecology, (2) subarctic human-environmental reciprocal relationships and, (3) geological influences, sometimes catastrophic, on human society. Host to some of the world's most active volcanoes, the Four Mountains provided a superlative opportunity to assess the development of prehistoric human risk management of, and adaptations to, environmental instability (climate change, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, sea level fluctuations) through deep time. Four Mountain prehistoric sites are highly significant in light of new geologic data indicating volcanic activity during human migration and societal development in the Aleutians. Extensive new radiocarbon, paleoenvironmental, and cultural data extracted from these sites yielded novel insights into North Pacific Rim regional interactions, Unangan coping mechanisms, changing subsistence, and adaptations during the prehistoric and European contact periods. The primary research goals in the Four Mountains region was understanding: (1) how human cultures and behavior have been shaped by Holocene climatic, biotic and geologic change; and (2) how human cultures have used and impacted biotic environments. Researchers tested and documented: a) relationships of and interactions among human groups who peopled the Aleutians, b) long-term change in Holocene environments and consequent change in terrestrial and marine animal populations and diversity, much of which constituted human resources; c) human responses to shifts in the distribution, diversity, and abundance of resources and, d) human coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of potentially catastrophic climatic and geological forces.
DOI: 10.18739/a2tt4fv3f
title: Islands of Four Mountains Artifact Analysis, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 2013

description: This international and interdisciplinary project investigated connections among geological, ecological, and human systems in the Islands of the Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands. Extending 1800 km between the North American and Asian continents, the Aleutian Islands divide the northern Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea. Given their unique subpolar location, their genesis on a volcanically- and seismically-active plate boundary, and their gradual colonization by humans during the past 9000 years, the Aleutian Islands are an excellent natural archaeological laboratory for tracking past: (1) human ecology, (2) subarctic human-environmental reciprocal relationships and, (3) geological influences, sometimes catastrophic, on human society. Host to some of the world's most active volcanoes, the Four Mountains provided a superlative opportunity to assess the development of prehistoric human risk management of, and adaptations to, environmental instability (climate change, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, sea level fluctuations) through deep time. Four Mountain prehistoric sites are highly significant in light of new geologic data indicating volcanic activity during human migration and societal development in the Aleutians. Extensive new radiocarbon, paleoenvironmental, and cultural data extracted from these sites yielded novel insights into North Pacific Rim regional interactions, Unangan coping mechanisms, changing subsistence, and adaptations during the prehistoric and European contact periods. The primary research goals in the Four Mountains region was understanding: (1) how human cultures and behavior have been shaped by Holocene climatic, biotic and geologic change; and (2) how human cultures have used and impacted biotic environments. Researchers tested and documented: a) relationships of and interactions among human groups who peopled the Aleutians, b) long-term change in Holocene environments and consequent change in terrestrial and marine animal populations and diversity, much of which constituted human resources; c) human responses to shifts in the distribution, diversity, and abundance of resources and, d) human coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of potentially catastrophic climatic and geological forces.
DOI: 10.18739/a2fj29f01
title: Islands of Four Mountains Artifact Analysis, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 2013

description: This international and interdisciplinary project investigated connections among geological, ecological, and human systems in the Islands of the Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands. Extending 1800 km between the North American and Asian continents, the Aleutian Islands divide the northern Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea. Given their unique subpolar location, their genesis on a volcanically- and seismically-active plate boundary, and their gradual colonization by humans during the past 9000 years, the Aleutian Islands are an excellent natural archaeological laboratory for tracking past: (1) human ecology, (2) subarctic human-environmental reciprocal relationships and, (3) geological influences, sometimes catastrophic, on human society. Host to some of the world's most active volcanoes, the Four Mountains provided a superlative opportunity to assess the development of prehistoric human risk management of, and adaptations to, environmental instability (climate change, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, sea level fluctuations) through deep time. Four Mountain prehistoric sites are highly significant in light of new geologic data indicating volcanic activity during human migration and societal development in the Aleutians. Extensive new radiocarbon, paleoenvironmental, and cultural data extracted from these sites yielded novel insights into North Pacific Rim regional interactions, Unangan coping mechanisms, changing subsistence, and adaptations during the prehistoric and European contact periods. The primary research goals in the Four Mountains region was understanding: (1) how human cultures and behavior have been shaped by Holocene climatic, biotic and geologic change; and (2) how human cultures have used and impacted biotic environments. Researchers tested and documented: a) relationships of and interactions among human groups who peopled the Aleutians, b) long-term change in Holocene environments and consequent change in terrestrial and marine animal populations and diversity, much of which constituted human resources; c) human responses to shifts in the distribution, diversity, and abundance of resources and, d) human coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of potentially catastrophic climatic and geological forces.
DOI: 10.18739/a2k93175n
title: Islands of Four Mountains Artifact Analysis, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 2013

description: This international and interdisciplinary project investigated connections among geological, ecological, and human systems in the Islands of the Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands. Extending 1800 km between the North American and Asian continents, the Aleutian Islands divide the northern Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea. Given their unique subpolar location, their genesis on a volcanically- and seismically-active plate boundary, and their gradual colonization by humans during the past 9000 years, the Aleutian Islands are an excellent natural archaeological laboratory for tracking past: (1) human ecology, (2) subarctic human-environmental reciprocal relationships and, (3) geological influences, sometimes catastrophic, on human society. Host to some of the world's most active volcanoes, the Four Mountains provided a superlative opportunity to assess the development of prehistoric human risk management of, and adaptations to, environmental instability (climate change, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, sea level fluctuations) through deep time. Four Mountain prehistoric sites are highly significant in light of new geologic data indicating volcanic activity during human migration and societal development in the Aleutians. Extensive new radiocarbon, paleoenvironmental, and cultural data extracted from these sites yielded novel insights into North Pacific Rim regional interactions, Unangan coping mechanisms, changing subsistence, and adaptations during the prehistoric and European contact periods. The primary research goals in the Four Mountains region was understanding: (1) how human cultures and behavior have been shaped by Holocene climatic, biotic and geologic change; and (2) how human cultures have used and impacted biotic environments. Researchers tested and documented: a) relationships of and interactions among human groups who peopled the Aleutians, b) long-term change in Holocene environments and consequent change in terrestrial and marine animal populations and diversity, much of which constituted human resources; c) human responses to shifts in the distribution, diversity, and abundance of resources and, d) human coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of potentially catastrophic climatic and geological forces.
DOI: 10.18739/a29s1km5s
title: Islands of Four Mountains Artifact Analysis, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 2013 - test

description: This international and interdisciplinary project investigated connections among geological, ecological, and human systems in the Islands of the Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands. Extending 1800 km between the North American and Asian continents, the Aleutian Islands divide the northern Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea. Given their unique subpolar location, their genesis on a volcanically- and seismically-active plate boundary, and their gradual colonization by humans during the past 9000 years, the Aleutian Islands are an excellent natural archaeological laboratory for tracking past: (1) human ecology, (2) subarctic human-environmental reciprocal relationships and, (3) geological influences, sometimes catastrophic, on human society. Host to some of the world's most active volcanoes, the Four Mountains provided a superlative opportunity to assess the development of prehistoric human risk management of, and adaptations to, environmental instability (climate change, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, sea level fluctuations) through deep time. Four Mountain prehistoric sites are highly significant in light of new geologic data indicating volcanic activity during human migration and societal development in the Aleutians. Extensive new radiocarbon, paleoenvironmental, and cultural data extracted from these sites yielded novel insights into North Pacific Rim regional interactions, Unangan coping mechanisms, changing subsistence, and adaptations during the prehistoric and European contact periods. The primary research goals in the Four Mountains region was understanding: (1) how human cultures and behavior have been shaped by Holocene climatic, biotic and geologic change; and (2) how human cultures have used and impacted biotic environments. Researchers tested and documented: a) relationships of and interactions among human groups who peopled the Aleutians, b) long-term change in Holocene environments and consequent change in terrestrial and marine animal populations and diversity, much of which constituted human resources; c) human responses to shifts in the distribution, diversity, and abundance of resources and, d) human coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of potentially catastrophic climatic and geological forces.
DOI: 10.18739/a2610vt2f
title: Linda's Point Excavation Data 2011-2014

description: Excel file containing the artifact catalog for the Linda's Point site excavations
DOI: 10.18739/a22b8vd1g
title: Paleoindian Adaptations in Eastern Beringia: Prelude or Postscript to the Early Settlement of the Americas

description: Archaeologists will undertake a two-year program of archaeological investigations at the late Pleistocene age Raven Bluff site in interior northwestern Alaska. The site contains the oldest and best preserved collection of faunal remains from the American Arctic, and an assemblage of stone tools that includes fluted projectile points. Fluted projectile points are a type of stone weapon tip associated with the initial phase of human settlement in most regions of the New World. They have not, however, been reliably dated in eastern Beringia (Alaska and unglaciated portions of Yukon), a region of critical importance for thinking about the colonization of the Americas since it was a presumed waypoint for the initial settlers of North and South America as they expanded from their Asian homeland. In the absence of secure dating Beringian fluted points have yet to be situated in a historical or ecological context, and there is little known about the behavior of the people who used this technology or their relationship to fluted point users in the midcontinent. This project will address these issues through interdisciplinary studies at Raven Bluff and analyses of existing fluted point assemblages found in museum collections. At Raven Bluff a research team will: establish a chronological and stratigraphic framework for the archaeological deposits; reconstruct the late Pleistocene and early Holocene environmental setting; describe strategies of faunal exploitation and resource use; and characterize the stone tool production and maintenance activities conducted at the site, including methods of fluted point manufacture and repair. Building on insights from our detailed studies at Raven Bluff we also plan to reexamine existing fluted point assemblages from Alaska, as well as published data from selected fluted point assemblages from the midcontinent, in order to evaluate hypotheses about the transmission and development of fluted point technology within Beringia, and its transmission between Beringia and the midcontinent. Insights resulting from this work will help resolve longstanding questions about the timing of the fluted point occupation in Beringia, and the subsistence and technological adaptations of the people who made fluted point in an extreme, high latitude environment. It will also fill a major geographic and temporal gap in our knowledge of Paleoindian dispersals throughout the Americas. These issues are important because they are connected to the general process of first entry and adaptive radiation of people in all parts of the world, and shed light on the means by which small scale societies adapt to diverse environmental challenges. The broader impacts of this study include training and mentoring of high school, undergraduate and graduate students. Education and outreach efforts through the PolarTREC program will bring an issue of great public interest and scientific importance?the earliest period of cultural development in the New World ?into classrooms across the country.
DOI: 10.18739/a2xk84r7b
title: SICSP: Archaeology, Historiography and Ethnography

description: Results of archaeological, archival, and ethnographic or oral history research related to the SICSP project goals of understanding the causes, processes and impacts of the catastrophic destruction of the Broo Township, Dunrossness, Shetland Islands, UK, by aeolian sand deposition.
DOI: 10.18739/a2st7dz36
title: SICSP: Bioarchaeology

description: Results of zooarchaeological, paloebotanical and other bioarchaeological research related to the SICSP project goals of understanding the causes, processes and impacts of the catastrophic destruction of the Broo Township, Dunrossness, Shetland Islands, UK, by aeolian sand deposition.
DOI: 10.18739/a2p26q495
title: St. Paul Island AK, fossil pollen & spores

description: Fossil pollen and coprophilous spore data from lake sediment cores collected from Lake Hill, St. Paul Island, AK. These data are from the upper 734m of the lake sediments and roughly represent the last 11,000 years. These data are also being published in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database (http://www.neotomadb.org).
DOI: 10.18739/a2j960b4x
title: Stability assessment, Avayalik Island Cluster, Labrador, Canada, 800-1000 CE

description: This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award funded two weeks of fieldwork in northern Labrador, Canada. Parks Canada provided Kaplan the vessel, its crew, and polar bear monitors free of charge to accomplish the project. The goal of the fieldwork was to assess the stability of a Middle Dorset (800 CE to 1,000 CE; CE meaning Common Era or the equivalent of 1,216 years ago to 1,016 years ago as of the present date: 2016 CE) archaeological site (Avayalik-1, House 1), located on an outer island 25 miles south of the tip of Labrador. Researchers investigated the vulnerability of Avayalik-1 to rising sea levels and the thawing of permafrost, with the intention of contributing to discussions on how to assess, monitor, and preserve such sites. This information is of great interest to the scientific community, culture resource managers, and also to the indigenous residents who are in many cases the decedents of the original occupants. Avayalik-1, House 1 is a scientifically unique Middle Dorset site. It was last investigated in 1978, and yielded organic artifacts and faunal remains unsurpassed in quantity and preservation by any other Labrador Middle Dorset sites due to the fact the cultural deposits were permanently frozen. However, given the current warming of the Arctic and the rapid thawing of permafrost, many Arctic heritage sites thought for decades to be safe while in the frozen ground are under threat. Avayalik-1 is such a site. The dataset contains specific archaeology site locations, photographs, fieldnotes, and an archaeology collection inventory. The information is being used to assess the stability of Avayalik-1, a Paleoeskimo site of importance to understanding the prehistory of Labrador, Canada. According to the terms of the research permit, the data collected must be deposited with Parks Canada, the archaeology office of the Province of Labrador-Newfoundland, and Nunatsiavut Archaeology Office. The data can be accessed through those repositories only, for Canada considers exact locations and the contents of archaeological sites protected information. Once the collections are across the border and analyzed they will be published and the data deposited with the approved repositories.
DOI: 10.18739/a28s4jq61
title: General Reports from the Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS) 2015-2017

description: As part of an archaeological settlement survey on Hegranes, in Skagafjörður, Northwest Iceland farmsteads were investigated archaeologically with a program of cores and test excavations to estimate their size and establishment date. This work is part of the larger Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS). These reports are part of the general archaeological program on Hegranes. There are also specific reports on specific locations in other data sets. The Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS) is a joint archaeological project of the Skagafjörður Heritage Museum and the Fiske Center at UMass Boston. The archaeological work seeks to determine if the settlement pattern of the 9th-century colonization of Iceland affected the development of the religious and economic institutions that dominated the 14th century.
DOI: 10.18739/a2542j94f
title: Hegranesþing: Archaeological Reports 2013-2017. Includes geophysics, coring, & excavation results.

description: The reports outline the Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS) archaeological work at Hegranesþing (Hegranes assembly place) at this complex and important site from 2013-2017. The geophysical results, using the CMD Mini-Explorer, give a more detailed picture of the site than the 2016 Explorer results. The geophysical results suggest that there are substantial remains and important deposits that are not visible on the surface. The coring suggests these substantial and continuous remains are consistent with permanent continuously occupied Viking Age and medieval farmsteads. The first of the two 1 x 1 meter (m) excavations suggest that the northern area was occupied during the settlement period and abandoned well before the AD 1104 volcanic tephra fell and is not associated with the visible churchyard. The second excavation suggests that the southern area, near the visible churchyard, was occupied after the settlement period and abandoned before the AD 1300 tephra fell and this occupation is likely associated with the churchyard. The combined results suggest that there may be a third area primarily occupied 1104-1300 northwest of the visible churchyard, but more work is necessary to confirm this third occupation.
DOI: 10.18739/a21c1th1s
title: Lower Keflavík: Excavation, Geophysical Prospection and Coring Reports 2016 & 2017

description: These two reports describe the archaeological investigations at the Viking Age Farmstead of Lower Keflavík. This archaeological work confirms the existence of a Viking Age farmstead that was constructed and occupied very soon after the settlement started. The primary occupation of this farmstead seems to have been between the settlement tephra layer (~ 871 AD) and the falling of a dark tephra at the end of the 10th century (~885 AD). The farmstead appears to be abandoned before the Hekla 1104 AD tephra layer fell, although there is a suggestion of later outbuildings, probably associated with the visible farm mound at Keflavík. The methodological results at Lower Keflavík are also significant. In this field, several of the major modern conductivity meters were employed, including the DualEM, the CMD Explorer, and the CMD Mini (Damiata, et al. 2017). The results of the additional coring and test pit suggest that at Lower Keflavík, the CMD Mini, using a transect spacing of 0.25 meter (m) with an effective sampling rate of 0.06 m and relying on the in-phase component (IP) of the longest dipole (1 m) is the most efficacious for highlighting the structure of the shallowly buried Viking-Age farmstead.
DOI: 10.18739/a2wm13v65
title: Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS) coring and farmstead datasets 2015-2018.

description: This is a dataset of cores and farmstead sizes at different times, taken as part of an archaeological settlement survey on Hegranes, in Skagafjörður, Northwest Iceland. This work is part of the larger Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS). Farmsteads were investigated archaeologically with a program of cores. The results of the coring were used to estimate their size at various times by using the ubiquitous tephra layers. The two tephra layers used to measure site size were H1 (AD 1104), and 1300. The Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS) is a joint archaeological project of the Skagafjörður Heritage Museum and the Fiske Center at UMass Boston. The archaeological work seeks to determine if the settlement pattern of the 9th-century colonization of Iceland affected the development of the religious and economic institutions that dominated the 14th century. Blank cells or cells with N/A indicate that the researcher did not fill in the data or that there was an instrument failure and only partial data was retained. The csv files use UTF-8 encoding.
DOI: 10.18739/a2h98zf2b
title: Babe Creek Side Slope Tree Ring Data [Wolken, J.]

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives. Data include raw treering measurements of annual ring width for multiple treering samples collected from the Side slope location of the Babe Creek toposequence. Dated series were visually and then statistically crossdated with the program COFECHA.