DOI: 10.3886/icpsr37038.v1
title: Detroit [Michigan] Neighborhood Health Study, 2008-2013
title: Version 1

description: The Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS) is a prospective, representative longitudinal cohort study of predominantly African American adults living in Detroit, Michigan. The main purpose of the study was to determine the predictive effects of ecological stressors, such as income distribution and residential segregation, on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, and other psychological and behavioral outcomes. An additional purpose was to study the interrelationships between ecological stressors, exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), PTSD, substance use, and immune function. The study team hypothesized that exposure to ecological stressors would influence the risk of PTE exposure, PTSD, substance use, other psychological outcomes, and the relationships between these factors. The current collection includes data from all 5 waves of the study. Cohort participants were initially recruited in 2008 with a dual-frame probability design, using telephone numbers obtained from the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence Files as well as a listed-assisted random-digit-dial frame. Individuals without listed landlines or telephones and individuals with only a cell phone listed were invited to participate through a postal mail effort. Participants completed a 40 minute, structured telephone interview annually between 2008-2012 to assess perceptions of participants' neighborhoods, mental and physical health status, social support, exposure to traumatic events, and alcohol and tobacco use. In addition, the study team completed a structured assessment of Detroit's 54 neighborhoods in order to describe the characteristics of respondents' neighborhoods. The assessment included information about the quality of housing exteriors; presence of graffiti, abandoned cars, alcohol and tobacco advertisements, and security warning signs; presence of vacant buildings; and street and traffic noise levels. All survey participants were offered the opportunity to provide a blood specimen (venipuncture, blood spot, or saliva) for immune and inflammatory marker testing as well as genetic testing of DNA. Participants received an additional $25USD if they elected to give a sample. Informed consent was obtained at the beginning of each interview and again at specimen collection. However, these specimens are not included as part of this data collection. For more information about the study, please visit the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study website. Genotypic data from DNHS are available on the NIH database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP).
description: The overall goal of the Detroit [Michigan] Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS) is to identify how genetic variation, lifetime experience of stressful and traumatic events, and features of the neighborhood environment predict psychopathology and behavior.
description: The size of each dataset varies in regards to the number of variables, cases, and during which of the six data collection periods each section was a part of. Some sections were asked during only one or two waves of data collection while others were asked during all six. Furthermore, a lot of the time the questions asked carried over from one data collection period to the next, but that was not always the case. <strong>DS1 - Identifiers and Indicators</strong>: 7 variables, 2,081 cases, administrative file <strong>DS2 - Neighborhood Assessment</strong>: 33 variables, 1,547 cases, administrative file <strong>DS3 - Lab Measures: Height, Weight, and BMI</strong>: 10 variables, 2,081 cases, W3 and W4 <strong>DS4 - Demographics</strong>: 237 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS5 - Health History</strong>: 810 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS6 - Childhood History</strong>: 45 variables, 2,081 cases, W2C1 and W2C2 <strong>DS7 - Neighborhood Questions</strong>: 46 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS8 - Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Previous Survey Worst Trauma</strong>: 89 variables, 2,081 cases, W2C1, W3, W4, and W5 <strong>DS9 - General Trauma</strong>: 199 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS10 - Post-traumatic Stress Disorder</strong>: 223 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS11 - Depression</strong>: 187 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS12 - General Anxiety</strong>: 151 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS13 - Derived Psychopathologies</strong>: 1,588 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS14 - Psychosocial Resources</strong>: 9 variables, 2,081 cases, W1C1 and W2C2 <strong>DS15 - Loneliness</strong>: 4 variables, 2,081 cases, W3 <strong>DS16 - Cigarette Use</strong>: 23 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS17 - Alcohol</strong>: 31 variables, 2,081 cases, all 6 periods <strong>DS18 - Substance Abuse</strong>: 59 variables, 2,081 cases, W4 <strong>DS19 - Gambling</strong>: 55 variables, 2,081 cases, W2C1 <strong>DS20 - Perceived Discrimination</strong>: 10 variables, 2,081 cases, W3
description: There are no weight variables in any of the datasets.
description: Response Rates: The overall cooperation rate (response rate among eligibles) was 53.0 percent [sum of the number of completed interviews, quota outs and screen-outs (2,332) divided by the sum of completed interviews, quota outs, screen outs, refusals, and incomplete surveys (4,402)].The overall response rate was 33.1 percent [sum of the number of completed interviews, quota outs and screen-outs (2,332) divided by the sum of completed interviews, quota outs, screen outs, refusals, incomplete surveys and non-contacted (no answer) and non-screened callbacks (7,041)].
description: Presence of Common Scales: DSM-IV PHQ-9 GAD-7
description: For Wave 1 in 2008, the research team selected 1,547 adult participants (age 18 years or older) from the Detroit population to participate in a telephone survey by choosing a probability sample of households within the city limits of Detroit and then randomly selecting one adult from each household. The study utilized a dual-frame probability sample design to draw a sample of residential addresses, obtaining telephone numbers from two sources: (1) U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence File (DSF), which consists of the entire Detroit population and includes non-telephone and cellular phone-only households and (2) a list-assisted sampling random-digit-dial (RDD) frame, covering Detroit households that are not residential directory-listed numbers (the unlisted number frame). Telephone numbers were matched in these two databases to identify the sample addresses that have at least one listed landline telephone number, and then members of the research team contacted these people by telephone to participate in the telephone survey. The study invited the other part of the sample with no listed landline, no telephone, or cell phone only to participate in the survey through a postal mail effort. Wave 2 was conducted in 2009 during which the study team re-contacted Wave 1 participants (regardless of whether or not they still lived in Detroit) to participate for a second time in this study. In order to increase the total number of completed surveys, a supplemental sample was drawn from the population via the same dual frame sampling technique that was administered in Wave 1. The supplemental cohort added 534 DNHS participants to the sample, giving a total of 2,081 DNHS participants who have ever completed a survey.
description: Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Identifiers and Indicators Dataset DS2: Neighborhood Assessment Dataset DS3: Lab: Measured Weight, Height, and BMI Dataset DS4: Demographics Dataset DS5: Health History Dataset DS6: Childhood History Dataset DS7: Neighborhood Questions Dataset DS8: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Previous Survey Worst Trauma Dataset DS9: General Traumas Dataset DS10: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Dataset DS11: Depression Dataset DS12: General Anxiety Dataset DS13: Derived Psychopathologies Dataset DS14: Psychosocial Resources Dataset DS15: Loneliness Dataset DS16: Cigarette Use Dataset DS17: Alcohol Dataset DS18: Substance Abuse Dataset DS19: Gambling Dataset DS20: Perceived Discrimination Dataset
description: Adults, age 18 years or older, living in households within the city limits of Detroit, Michigan.
description: mail questionnaire; telephone interviewThe variable <strong>RESP</strong> is present in each dataset and can be used to link the files together.The original sample consisted of 1,547 respondents. During Wave 2 an additional 534 individuals were added to the overall sample. Therefore, for most of the datasets the case count equals 2,081.The P.I. Codebook groups similarly named variables from each of the six periods of data collection into a single section. However, for the most part, the data came organized by data collection period. Therefore, the variable order starts with Wave 1 Cohort 1, Wave 2 Cohort 1, Wave 2 Cohort 2, Wave 3, Wave 4, and then Wave 5. There are a few datasets where questions were only asked during one of the waves of collection. To facilitate understanding and simplicity variable names start with the wave and cohort designation (W1C1, W2C1, W2C2, W3, W4, and W5) and the variable labels in most cases end with the wave and cohort spelled out.It is important to pay special attention to the wording of the variable labels, question text, and wording in the P.I. Codebook to understand the reference period for the question. The particular question is the same across the data collection periods, but the reference period is different. For the two initial collection periods (W1C1 and W2C2) it refers to "In your lifetime . . .". For the other four follow-up periods (W2C1, W3, W4, and W5) the question will refer to "Since the last interview . . .".Respondent demographic characteristics in the sample in regards to age, gender, and race/ethnicity approximate the distribution of the same characteristics as can be found from the 2005-2007 American Community Survey (ACS) for the city of Detroit as given by the United States Census Bureau.The P.I. Codebook contains four sections where data files were not provided by the Principal Investigators in order to protect respondent identification. These sections include "Introduction" and "Geocodes" (page 18), "Wave 5 Only Variables" (page 200) and "LAB" (page 238). However, within the "LAB" section on page 243 there is a small section which became DS3 providing lab measures for height, weight, and BMI.Biological specimens (i.e. saliva and blood samples) were collected as part of the annual surveys. However, that data is not part of this collection. Please refer to page 7 of the P.I. Codebook for additional details regarding these specimens.Additionally, the Principal Investigator requested ICPSR delete or recode individual variables within datasets 2, 4, and 7 to protect respondent identification. These requests focus on precise geography, specific job descriptions, and top-coding age. Specific changes for disclosure purposes, requested by the Principal Investigator or decided upon by ICPSR, are noted within the processing notes of the ICPSR codebooks.Finally, some sections in the P.I. Codebook, such as DS4: Demographics, list variables that do not exist in the datasets. In some of these instances there will be a notation that says the variable is missing or not provided. Conversely, in DS13: Derived Psychopathologies, the dataset contains variables that are not listed or explained in that section of the P.I. Codebook.