DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9n5m91v
title: Data from: Individual variation and the source-sink group dynamics of extra-group paternity in a social mammal

description: Movement of individuals, or their genes, can influence eco-evolutionary
 processes in structured populations. We have limited understanding of the
 extent to which spatial behaviour varies among groups and individuals
 within populations. Here we use genetic pedigree reconstruction in a
 long-term study of European badgers (Meles meles) to characterise the
 extent of extra-group paternity, occurring as a consequence of breeding
 excursions, and to test hypothesised drivers of variation at multiple
 levels. We jointly estimate parentage and paternity distance (PD; distance
 between a cub’s natal and its father’s social group), and test whether
 population density and sex ratio influence mean annual PD. We also model
 cub-level PD and extra-group paternity (EGP) to test for variation among
 social groups and parental individuals. Mean PD varied among years but was
 not explained by population density or sex ratio. However, cub-level
 analysis shows strong effects of social group, and parental identities,
 with some parental individuals being consistently more likely to produce
 cubs with extra-group partners. Group effects were partially explained by
 local sex ratio. There was also a strong negative correlation between
 maternal and paternal social group effects on cub paternity distance,
 indicating source-sink dynamics. Our analyses of paternity distance and
 EGP indicate variation in extra-group mating at multiple levels – among
 years, social groups and individuals. The latter in particular is a
 phenomenon seldom documented and suggests that gene flow among groups may
 be disproportionately mediated by a non-random subset of adults,
 emphasising the importance of the individual in driving eco-evolutionary
 dynamics.
description: Among-cohort paternity
 distances and population sizesThis file contains data
 used in analyses of annual mean paternity distances (PDc) and contains
 posterior modes of paternity distance as well as population sizes and
 numbers of adult males and females for each badger cub cohort (i.e.
 year)PDc_datafile.txtAmong-individual paternity distance and extra-group paternityThis file contains data used for the individual-level analyses of paternity distance (PDi) and extra-group paternity. Data were collected as part of the long-term mark-recapture study of badgers at Woodchester Park (UK). It includes unique identifiers for each badger (ID) as well as their assigned father (Sire ID) and mother (Dam ID), the natal group ID of each badger (Cub_SocG) and its father (Sire_SocG) as well as the distance from cub to paternal social group (zero if same group, measured in meters from social group main sett to social group main sett), parental ages (Dam and Sire Age) and weights (Dam and Sire weight) in kilos, and size (number of adults) and sex ratio (proprtion male) of badgers natal group (Cub_SocG size, sex ratio) and that of their father's social group ( Sire_SocG Size, Sex Ratio).ANON_EGPi_PDi_datafile.txtMicrosatellite genotypes and coordinate dataThis file contains the microsatellite genotypes and social group coordinates for each badger, used to reconstruct the pedigree. Includes badger identity (ID), latitude and longitude (Lat, Lng) and genotypes at each of 22 microsatellite markers (two columns per locus, a & b denote each allele, e.g. Mel101a, Mel101b)ANON_Microsat_LatLong.txt