DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2p21
title: Flash drought and heat waves influence embryonic development and offspring size in an oviparous ectotherm

description: Anthropogenic climate change is driving an increase in climate extremes,
 including concurrent drought and heat wave events. To understand the
 ecological consequences of these events, research is needed to identify
 their separate and compound effects on organisms across life stages.
 Oviparous species are particularly vulnerable to environmental stress at
 the embryonic stage, as embryos are relatively unprotected from hydric and
 thermal extremes. The embryonic environment can substantially shape
 offspring physiology and fitness. However, the developmental impacts of
 extreme climate events, including downstream effects on offspring survival
 in the field, are not well described. In this study, we investigated the
 independent and interactive effects of flash drought and heat waves during
 embryonic development in an oviparous vertebrate model, the painted turtle
 (Chrysemys picta). In a fully factorial experiment, we imposed simulated
 flash drought and heat wave events and examined the effects on egg mass,
 incubation time, and offspring body size. After overwintering in the
 laboratory, we conducted a release experiment in the field to measure
 early-life survival in an ecologically relevant context. We found that
 flash drought and heat wave events interactively influenced egg mass
 during late embryonic development, and independently reduced incubation
 time and post-overwintering body mass. In addition, smaller individuals
 had a lower probability of survival in the field. Our results suggest that
 oviparous species will face negative impacts on embryonic development and
 early-life traits as compound drought and heat wave events become more
 frequent and severe.
description: # Flash drought and heat waves influence embryonic development and
 offspring size in an oviparous ectotherm Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2p21](10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2p21) ## Description of the
 data and file structure In this fully factorial experiment, we exposed 160
 painted turtle (*Chrysemys picta*) eggs to one of 8 different treatments
 representing simulated flash drought and heat wave events at different
 times during embryonic development. We measured the effects of these
 treatments on growth and offspring phenotypes. Next, we conducted an
 experimental release in the field to measure offspring survival during
 migration from the nest. ### Files and variables #### File:
 Chrysemys_picta_data.csv **Description:**  ##### Variables * Box: The box
 (1-8) in which eggs were housed during incubation * Treatment: Control
 treatment (WWW), mid-incubation drought (WDW), late drought (WWD), mid +
 late drought (WDD), heat wave (WWW+H), mid-incubation drought with heat
 wave (WDW+H), late drought with heat wave (WWD+H), or mid + late drought
 with heat wave (WDD+H) * Mid: Drought treatment during the second
 trimester of development; W (no drought) or D (drought) * Late: Drought
 treatment during the third trimester of development; W (no drought) or D
 (drought) * Drought: Drought treatment only; control treatment (WWW),
 mid-incubation drought (WDW), late drought (WWD), or mid + late drought
 (WDD) * Heat wave: Heat wave treatment only; N (no heat wave) or Y (heat
 wave) * ID: Code assigned to each individual in the study
 (clutch-individual) * Clutch: The clutch (1-20) from which the egg
 originated * Individual: Egg number (1-8) within the clutch * Wk0mass:
 Initial egg mass at the beginning of the study (g) * Wk1mass: Egg mass at
 1 week (g) * Wk2mass: Egg mass at 2 weeks (g) * Wk3mass: Egg mass at 3
 weeks (g) * Wk4mass: Egg mass at 4 weeks (g) * Wk5mass: Egg mass at 5
 weeks (g) * Wk6mass: Egg mass at 6 weeks (g) * Wk7mass: Egg mass at 7
 weeks (g) * Wk8mass: Egg mass at 8 weeks (g) * Wk9mass: Egg mass at 9
 weeks (g) * Wk10mass: Egg mass at 10 weeks (g) * Wk11mass: Egg mass at 11
 weeks (g) * Hatchling mass: Mass after hatching (g); "NA"
 indicates that no hatchling was produced * CL: Carapace length (mm);
 "NA" indicates that no hatchling was produced * CW: Carapace
 width (mm); "NA" indicates that no hatchling was produced * PL:
 Plastron length (mm); "NA" indicates that no hatchling was
 produced * PW: Plastron width (mm); "NA" indicates that no
 hatchling was produced * Lay date: Date nest was laid (mm/dd/yy) * Pip
 date: Date of eggshell pipping (mm/dd/yy); "NA" indicates an egg
 that did not pip * Hatch date: Date of hatching (mm/dd/yy); "NA"
 indicates an egg that did not hatch * Time to hatch: Incubation time (d)
 until hatchling emergence from egg; "NA" indicates an egg that
 did not hatch * Hatch success: Individual hatched (1) or did not hatch (0)
 * Abnorm: Hatchling had a visible morphological abnormality (1) or did not
 have an abnormality (0) * Release point: Artificial nest cavity (1-20)
 from which the hatchling was released * Pre release mass: Hatchling mass
 (g) after brumation and before release * Pit: Pitfall trap in which
 individual was recaptured; "NA" indicates that no hatchling was
 released or that the individual was not recaptured * Recap day: Date of
 recapture (mm/dd/yy); "NA" indicates that no hatchling was
 released or that the individual was not recaptured * Days to recap: Days
 from release to recapture; "NA" indicates that no hatchling was
 released or that the individual was not recaptured * Recap time: Time of
 recapture; "NA" indicates that no hatchling was released or that
 the individual was not recapture * Hours to recap: Hours from release to
 recapture; "NA" indicates that no hatchling was released or that
 the individual was not recaptured * End mass: Mass at recapture (g);
 "NA" indicates that no hatchling was released or that the
 individual was not recaptured * Recap: Individual recaptured (1) or not
 recaptured (0); "NA" indicates that no hatchling was released ##
 Code/software Data can be viewed using LibreOffice Calc, R, or any other
 open-source software that can read .csv files. ## Access information Other
 publicly accessible locations of the data: * Not Applicable Data was
 derived from the following sources: * Not Applicable