cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280986.v1
title: Effect of fire under the soils on the organization of communities of three remnants of Amazonian savannas

description: ABSTRACT Areas of cerrado (Brazilian savanna) in the Amazon have been poorly studied from the perspective of fire impacts on environmental sustainability, especially with regard to disturbances to soil and vegetation structure. This study aimed to analyze the influence of edaphic variables and fire together on the composition and structure of tree and shrub vegetation of three cerrado remnants in the Amazon. Eight plots were systematically installed in burned and unburned environments in each remnant. Data were submitted to floristic diversity, similarity, and diametric and altimetric structural assessments. Phytosociological parameters were obtained and submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 808 individuals (34 species, 30 genera, and 21 families) were recorded. The CCA indicated that the distribution of species is influenced by edaphic factors, as confirmed by the strong direct correlation of tree and shrub species with the reduced nutrition and high acidity of the soils common in the analyzed remnants. Our results support the hypothesis that fire plays a relevant role in structuring vegetation since it contributed to good indicators of soil properties and caused changes in the composition of woody species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280989.v1
title: Toward a phylogenetic reclassification of the subfamily Ambavioideae (Annonaceae): establishment of a new subfamily and a new tribe

description: ABSTRACT A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Ambavioideae (Annonaceae) was reconstructed using up to eight plastid DNA regions (matK, ndhF, and rbcL exons; trnL intron; atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, and trnS-trnG intergenic spacers). The results indicate that the subfamily is not monophyletic, with the monotypic genus Meiocarpidium resolved as the second diverging lineage of Annonaceae after Anaxagorea (the only genus of Anaxagoreoideae) and as the sister group of a large clade consisting of the rest of Annonaceae. Consequently, a new subfamily, Meiocarpidioideae, is established to accommodate the enigmatic African genus Meiocarpidium. In addition, the subfamily Ambavioideae is redefined to contain two major clades formally recognized as two tribes. The tribe Tetramerantheae consisting of only Tetrameranthus is enlarged to include Ambavia, Cleistopholis, and Mezzettia; and Canangeae, a new tribe comprising Cananga, Cyathocalyx, Drepananthus, and Lettowianthus, are erected. The two tribes are principally distinguishable from each other by differences in monoploid chromosome number, branching architecture, and average pollen size (monads). New relationships were retrieved within Tetramerantheae, with Mezzettia as the sister group of a clade containing Ambavia and Cleistopholis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280990.v1
title: Comparative vegetative anatomy of Neotropical Goodyerinae Klotzsch (Orchidaceae Juss.: Orchidoideae Lindl.)

description: ABSTRACT The Neotropical genera Aspidogyne and Microchilus (Goodyerinae, Cranichideae, Orchidaceae) comprise ca. 200 rainforests terrestrial species. Although species of Goodyerinae are described with similar anatomy to other taxa of Cranichideae, some anatomical characteristics appear to be specific to the subtribe. Our goal was to characterise the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of Aspidogyne and Microchilus to identify specific characters of Goodyerinae. Root, stem and leaf samples from eleven species were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaves are hypostomatic and glabrous with predominantly anisocytic or tetracytic stomata, thin cuticle, homogeneous mesophyll with chromoplast and raphides, and collateral vascular bundles with parenchyma sheath and collenchyma in the midrib. Spiranthosomes were cofirmed for all species and some specific characteristics were identified in the root, such as the presence of collenchyma in both the cortex and the stele, vascular tissue with fibre-tracheids in the centre of the vascular cylinder, and the presence of a true endodermis with Casparian strips in the stem. Therefore, the root and stem were the organs that showed more taxon-specific characteristics for Goodyerinae, which can be used to better delimited the subtribe.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280992
title: Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake stem diameter by stimulating cell proliferation and reducing lignin deposition

description: ABSTRACT In 2019, the atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeded the 415 ppm milestone for the first time in the human history. According to projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), CO2 levels will continue to rise in the future, potentially affecting all living organisms. Plants with C3 metabolism may benefit from rising CO2 levels because the significant losses of photosynthesis, driven by photorespiration could be diminished under this scenario. This study addressed the anatomical changes in the stems of young Eucalyptus urophylla plants induced through cultivation in elevated CO2 (eCO2). Plants cultivated under eCO2 showed increased stem diameter (i.e., radial width of the secondary xylem, secondary phloem and cortex tissues). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/Toluidine Blue staining suggested a decrease in the lignification content in the newly formed tissues of eCO2 stimulated plants. Levels of caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase form 1 (COMT1), a lignin biosynthesis specific proteoform, were significantly reduced in stem sections, supporting our findings: eCO2 induces plant growth, but reduces lignified tissues.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280992.v1
title: Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake stem diameter by stimulating cell proliferation and reducing lignin deposition

description: ABSTRACT In 2019, the atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeded the 415 ppm milestone for the first time in the human history. According to projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), CO2 levels will continue to rise in the future, potentially affecting all living organisms. Plants with C3 metabolism may benefit from rising CO2 levels because the significant losses of photosynthesis, driven by photorespiration could be diminished under this scenario. This study addressed the anatomical changes in the stems of young Eucalyptus urophylla plants induced through cultivation in elevated CO2 (eCO2). Plants cultivated under eCO2 showed increased stem diameter (i.e., radial width of the secondary xylem, secondary phloem and cortex tissues). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/Toluidine Blue staining suggested a decrease in the lignification content in the newly formed tissues of eCO2 stimulated plants. Levels of caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase form 1 (COMT1), a lignin biosynthesis specific proteoform, were significantly reduced in stem sections, supporting our findings: eCO2 induces plant growth, but reduces lignified tissues.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280990
title: Comparative vegetative anatomy of Neotropical Goodyerinae Klotzsch (Orchidaceae Juss.: Orchidoideae Lindl.)

description: ABSTRACT The Neotropical genera Aspidogyne and Microchilus (Goodyerinae, Cranichideae, Orchidaceae) comprise ca. 200 rainforests terrestrial species. Although species of Goodyerinae are described with similar anatomy to other taxa of Cranichideae, some anatomical characteristics appear to be specific to the subtribe. Our goal was to characterise the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of Aspidogyne and Microchilus to identify specific characters of Goodyerinae. Root, stem and leaf samples from eleven species were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaves are hypostomatic and glabrous with predominantly anisocytic or tetracytic stomata, thin cuticle, homogeneous mesophyll with chromoplast and raphides, and collateral vascular bundles with parenchyma sheath and collenchyma in the midrib. Spiranthosomes were cofirmed for all species and some specific characteristics were identified in the root, such as the presence of collenchyma in both the cortex and the stele, vascular tissue with fibre-tracheids in the centre of the vascular cylinder, and the presence of a true endodermis with Casparian strips in the stem. Therefore, the root and stem were the organs that showed more taxon-specific characteristics for Goodyerinae, which can be used to better delimited the subtribe.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280993
title: A review of common parameters and descriptors used in studies of the impacts of heavy metal pollution on marine macroalgae: identification of knowledge gaps and future needs

description: ABSTRACT This study presents a systematic review to assess the main similarities and gaps in efforts to evaluate the impacts of heavy metals on benthic marine seaweeds. A total of 91 studies were compiled, the main parameters (abiotic, biological, ecotoxicological, and heavy metals) and descriptors of which were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results indicate the importance of diversifying searches by including different languages (i.e. English, Portuguese and Spanish). Most of the studies were field characterizations, with few abiotic parameters and/or seasonality evaluations being employed. In contrast, the assessment of ecotoxicological parameters was highly frequent, which seems incoherent considering the absence of data to support the use of these results in biomonitoring applications. The genera Sargassum, Ulva and Enteromorpha were widely studied worldwide, apart from a small fraction of studies assessing higher levels of biological organization. Moreover, the use of different parameters and descriptors by the evaluated studies precludes making conclusive or reliable comparisons. These findings highlight the importance of greater efforts to construct a concise baseline of knowledge using similar parameters so that global evaluations of the impacts of heavy metals on photosynthetic organisms can be undertaken.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280993.v1
title: A review of common parameters and descriptors used in studies of the impacts of heavy metal pollution on marine macroalgae: identification of knowledge gaps and future needs

description: ABSTRACT This study presents a systematic review to assess the main similarities and gaps in efforts to evaluate the impacts of heavy metals on benthic marine seaweeds. A total of 91 studies were compiled, the main parameters (abiotic, biological, ecotoxicological, and heavy metals) and descriptors of which were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results indicate the importance of diversifying searches by including different languages (i.e. English, Portuguese and Spanish). Most of the studies were field characterizations, with few abiotic parameters and/or seasonality evaluations being employed. In contrast, the assessment of ecotoxicological parameters was highly frequent, which seems incoherent considering the absence of data to support the use of these results in biomonitoring applications. The genera Sargassum, Ulva and Enteromorpha were widely studied worldwide, apart from a small fraction of studies assessing higher levels of biological organization. Moreover, the use of different parameters and descriptors by the evaluated studies precludes making conclusive or reliable comparisons. These findings highlight the importance of greater efforts to construct a concise baseline of knowledge using similar parameters so that global evaluations of the impacts of heavy metals on photosynthetic organisms can be undertaken.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280995
title: Species representativeness of Fabaceae in restrictive soils explains the difference in structure of two types of Chaco vegetation

description: ABSTRACT The distributions of species of Fabaceae are strongly related to the soil. Their presence can alter restrictive conditions and favour the establishment of other species. However, it is still not known how the relationship between species of Fabaceae and edaphic factors interact in structuring woody Chaco vegetation. In this context, we aimed to test the hypothesis that restrictive edaphic conditions can explain the difference in floristic patterns of two types of vegetation through their species representativeness of Fabaceae. We analysed floristic consistency between wooded and forested Chaco to address how spatial and environment components might explain differences between them along with the effects of the interaction between Fabaceae and the soil. We observed that the association between environmental and spatial variables was more important than any individual factor in explaining the structuring of the communities. Both the percentage of species of Fabaceae present and the soil influence the structure of the two types of vegetation. Species of Fabaceae have greater potential as indicators in the wooded Chaco. Therefore, we suggest the interaction between soil types and species of Fabaceae plays a role during the structuring of the communities through the establishment of these species in more restrictive soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280995.v1
title: Species representativeness of Fabaceae in restrictive soils explains the difference in structure of two types of Chaco vegetation

description: ABSTRACT The distributions of species of Fabaceae are strongly related to the soil. Their presence can alter restrictive conditions and favour the establishment of other species. However, it is still not known how the relationship between species of Fabaceae and edaphic factors interact in structuring woody Chaco vegetation. In this context, we aimed to test the hypothesis that restrictive edaphic conditions can explain the difference in floristic patterns of two types of vegetation through their species representativeness of Fabaceae. We analysed floristic consistency between wooded and forested Chaco to address how spatial and environment components might explain differences between them along with the effects of the interaction between Fabaceae and the soil. We observed that the association between environmental and spatial variables was more important than any individual factor in explaining the structuring of the communities. Both the percentage of species of Fabaceae present and the soil influence the structure of the two types of vegetation. Species of Fabaceae have greater potential as indicators in the wooded Chaco. Therefore, we suggest the interaction between soil types and species of Fabaceae plays a role during the structuring of the communities through the establishment of these species in more restrictive soils.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280998
title: The pattern of high plant diversity of Neotropical inselbergs: highlighting endemic, threatened and unique species

description: ABSTRACT Understanding how multiple drivers shape plant community diversity across environmental gradients is one of the most important issues in plant ecology and biodiversity conservation. We aimed to analyse plant community structure and diversity in four inselbergs in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. We evaluated species diversity, floristic composition and similarity, phytosociological structure, occurrence, and conservation status of rupicolous flora in the inselberg communities. We used field expeditions and plant inventory data from 370 sampling units. We estimated floristic similarity and compared diversity indexes among inselbergs. We observed marked differences in community structure and diversity among inselbergs, where the southern region had the highest number of taxa and higher values of diversity indices. There were also notable differences in floristic composition and phytosociological structure, with a decrease in similarity as geographical distance increased. This finding demonstrated the existence of differences in the patterns of dominance and vegetation cover along the latitudinal gradient, as well as differences in endemic, threatened, and exclusive species, and represents a first step toward establishing criteria for biodiversity conservation for inselbergs in Espírito Santo State.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280998.v1
title: The pattern of high plant diversity of Neotropical inselbergs: highlighting endemic, threatened and unique species

description: ABSTRACT Understanding how multiple drivers shape plant community diversity across environmental gradients is one of the most important issues in plant ecology and biodiversity conservation. We aimed to analyse plant community structure and diversity in four inselbergs in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. We evaluated species diversity, floristic composition and similarity, phytosociological structure, occurrence, and conservation status of rupicolous flora in the inselberg communities. We used field expeditions and plant inventory data from 370 sampling units. We estimated floristic similarity and compared diversity indexes among inselbergs. We observed marked differences in community structure and diversity among inselbergs, where the southern region had the highest number of taxa and higher values of diversity indices. There were also notable differences in floristic composition and phytosociological structure, with a decrease in similarity as geographical distance increased. This finding demonstrated the existence of differences in the patterns of dominance and vegetation cover along the latitudinal gradient, as well as differences in endemic, threatened, and exclusive species, and represents a first step toward establishing criteria for biodiversity conservation for inselbergs in Espírito Santo State.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281002
title: Seasonality affects the community of endophytic fungi in coconut (Cocos nucifera) crop leaves

description: ABSTRACT The diversity of endophytic fungi in healthy coconut palm leaves (Cocos nucifera) was assessed by analyzing fungal isolates from three coconut cultivars (yellow dwarf, green dwarf, and a hybrid cultivar PB121) used agriculturally in Brazil. The influence of season (rainy or dry) on the endophytic fungal community was also analyzed. Overall, 318 fungal isolates were obtained from 972 coconut leaf fragments. The rDNA ITS region was sequenced from representative species of the isolated endophytic fungi and the most common species identified were Nigrospora oryzae, Pestalotiopsis sp., and Zasmidium musae. The alpha diversity of the endophytic fungi was also calculated. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant seasonal effects on the composition of the endophyte community. However, practically no influence was observed on the fungal communities for the different cultivars of coconut.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281003
title: Genetic structure of Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. (Dicksoniaceae) reveals clinal distribution along the latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest

description: ABSTRACT Dicksonia sellowiana is the only species of the genus occurring in Brazil. Its distribution is restricted to humid areas of the Atlantic Forest biome. The distribution pattern of biodiversity in this biome is known to have been influenced by historical and environmental factors, although the pattern for ferns remains unknown. This study is first to describe the genetic structure of D. sellowiana along the latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest biome. We use microsatellite markers to estimate genetic diversity and structure for 267 individuals representing 14 populations of D. sellowiana from the Atlantic Forest. The results (Ho, He, Fst, Fis, distance genetic) support the hypothesis of a pattern of biodiversity discontinuity. We found greater genetic variability in populations located in regions of higher humidity and milder temperatures. Our data suggest that there is a clinal distribution pattern of genetic variation along the north to south latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest. This clinal variation has a genetic basis in the frequencies of the two genetic groups. This structure does not evidence long-standing historical barriers to gene flow and favors the influence of landscape characteristics on the establishment of populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281003.v1
title: Genetic structure of Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. (Dicksoniaceae) reveals clinal distribution along the latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest

description: ABSTRACT Dicksonia sellowiana is the only species of the genus occurring in Brazil. Its distribution is restricted to humid areas of the Atlantic Forest biome. The distribution pattern of biodiversity in this biome is known to have been influenced by historical and environmental factors, although the pattern for ferns remains unknown. This study is first to describe the genetic structure of D. sellowiana along the latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest biome. We use microsatellite markers to estimate genetic diversity and structure for 267 individuals representing 14 populations of D. sellowiana from the Atlantic Forest. The results (Ho, He, Fst, Fis, distance genetic) support the hypothesis of a pattern of biodiversity discontinuity. We found greater genetic variability in populations located in regions of higher humidity and milder temperatures. Our data suggest that there is a clinal distribution pattern of genetic variation along the north to south latitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Forest. This clinal variation has a genetic basis in the frequencies of the two genetic groups. This structure does not evidence long-standing historical barriers to gene flow and favors the influence of landscape characteristics on the establishment of populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280999
title: Early development of epiphytic roots: perspectives based on the composition of the velamen cell wall

description: ABSTRACT The velamen, a root structure of some epiphytic species for water uptake, usually is stratified epidermis consisting of dead cells. In general, its cell walls exhibit variation during development, including in thickness and amount and type of impregnated substances. These changes result in diverse physical and chemical properties that can serve in water and nutrient uptake, as well as in mechanical support and protection. On this basis, the main objective of the current study was to describe the composition of the cell walls of the velamen during the development of the roots of four species of Cattleya. Anatomical, histochemical and immunocytochemical analyses were performed with samples (n=3 individuals per species) of meristematic, developing, and mature regions of the root. The development of the primary wall led to the deposition of pectins as highly methylesterified homogalacturonans, which were demetihylesterified with maturation of the velamen. The deposition of lipids (and subsequently lignins) in velamen cells marked a transition stage to the formation of the secondary wall, which gives rigidity to the tissue. For the first time, we showed that the deposition of lipids and lignins began close to the exodermis in the direction of the epivelamen.