cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p31
title: "Nanotechnologies: where should they take us?" The popularization of nanosciences on the web: a discourse analytical approach

description: The study investigates a set of web texts dedicated to nanotechnologies with the aim to assess the strategies deployed for the transfer of specialized notions to lay audiences and to evaluate how the controversy potential of the issue on hand is managed by different stakeholders. The texts under scrutiny – EU web pages and web reports issued by the environmental organization Friends of the Earth - show a primary concern, at the lexical level, with the use of nanotechnologies: the use of is in fact, among the most frequent three-word clusters around the lemma nano. In environmentalist texts the topic is often associated with highly emotional topics, i.e. babies and food, while EU web pages underline a more informational and even beneficial view of nanotechnologies, as in the case of those used in medicine, in the workplace, or already present in nature. This is confirmed also by the analysis of the interactional resources of metadiscourse (Hyland, Tse 2004), in particular hedges, boosters, and attitude markers are often called upon to support the writers' credibility and affective appeals. Coming to the strategies adopted for the purpose of popularizing discourse "to manage its means so as to enable understanding and learning" (Calsamiglia, Van Dijk 2004, p. 17), the corpus of environmentalist reports shows that technical words very frequently used, such as titanium dioxyde, hydroxapatite, triclosan, or in vivo, are never defined, suggesting that a previous knowledge of the reader in the field of chemistry and biology is taken for granted. By contrast, texts in the EU section are characterized by plain language, while technical words are very few and, when present, thoroughly explained.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p51
title: Representation of gene-editing in British and Italian newspapers. A cross-linguistic corpus-assisted discourse study

description: This study provides a cross-linguistic overview of the most recurrent representation strategies of gene-editing in British and Italian newspapers over a period between 2015 and 2018. The aim of the study is to a) identify the archetypal representations in English and in Italian, also considering translation-related issues, and b) to assess whether these representations are positively or negatively framed across the corpora. The research is carried out in a quantiqualitative vein, using the method of corpus-assisted discourse analysis. Corpus linguistics tools are used for text search and data processing and rely on the triangulation of normalized frequency, dispersion and range parameters. Methods of (critical) discourse analysis are applied to the qualitative part of the research. Literature on science popularization and metaphorical framing of genetic concepts is also part of the analytical toolkit. The findings identify a relative lack of terminological stability concerning the denomination choices, especially evident in the Italian corpus. The archetypal representation strategy revolves around the idea of technology and (physical) change. The analysis highlights the use of some ideologically charged denominations across the corpora, with a prevalently positive framing of the technology as applied to agriculture in the Italian corpus and a more balanced framing of gene-editing in the UK corpus. The findings uncovered a paradigm shift in the metaphorical representation of genome: from a mysterious code of life to a domesticated and operationalized idea of a tool.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p77
title: Toxicity exposed in the Greenpeace Toxic Tech campaign

description: This paper presents the findings of the analyses of the Green Gadgets Report (GGR) and of the Guide to Greener Electronics (GGE), the two main documents whereby Greenpeace has been disseminating the findings of the scientific investigations carried out in the context of the Toxic Tech campaign. The study draws on quantitative and qualitative research methods, including Corpus Linguistics, Pragma-dialectics and Multimodal Discourse Analysis, to describe the discursive features of these two texts and examine the knowledge-dissemination strategies used by Greenpeace to expose the toxicity of the tech industry and persuade consumers to consider issues of environmental ethics and health while purchasing their technological devices. The findings suggest that while the GGR lays out the results of a fully-fledged scientific investigation and flaunts certain features of scientific discourse, the GGE is a significantly simpler and totally unscientific document, aimed at disseminating scientific results to a wider, less specialised audience. Certain features not typical of specialised communication (including the use of generalising expressions and the stereotypical recourse to problem-solving argumentation patterns) can also be found in the hybrid GGR, but the GGE appears to rephrase and simplify scientific data in order to recontextualise the environmental and health crisis caused by the tech industry in the sports sphere. The choice to publish these two different texts, one more argumentative and scientific, the other more persuasive and entertaining, thus, appears to be functional to the dissemination of knowledge on a wide scale. By tapping into elements of specialised discourse and visual arguments alike, the Toxic Tech campaign results in a multi-genre discourse, addressing different audiences at the same time and maximising the reach of scientific discoveries by turning them into entertaining sports events.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p99
title: The discourse of eco-cities as an ethical commitment: A comparative study in English specialized domains

description: This paper presents the methods and results of an integrated quantitative and qualitive analyses of texts related to contested environmental issues in the field of eco-city projects. The premise is that eco-cities are socially constructed entities, shaped by different voices, therefore the aim is to investigate how these voices are discursively constructed. Hence the study focuses on the exploration of specific rhetorical patterns which legitimize or delegitimize stakeholder claims about how to manage environmental issues in eco-city projects, empirically identifying grammatical and semantic clusters which uphold certain discourse processes such as evaluation, argumentation and ideological stance. The study pays particular attention to where the environment comes into contact with business and economic concerns, indicating the environmental-economic paradigm and ambivalent neoliberal frames. The methodological approach aligns itself within recent frameworks combining the in-depth contextual analysis of critical discourse analysis with corpus linguistic quantitative retrieval techniques, which can fine-tune the data and consolidate the qualitative analysis. In this way, two prominent clusters emerged throughout the corpus identified as lexical-semantic and syntactic patterns of authority and certainty.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p119
title: A corpus-based study of ethically sensitive issues in EU directives, national transposition measures and the press

description: This paper is set in the framework of the Eurolect Observatory Project, which is studying the differences between the EU varieties of legislative language (Eurolects) and their corresponding national legal varieties in 11 languages (Mori 2018). In this paper, our focus is on ethics and legislation: more specifically, the research question is whether any differences can be detected in the discursive construction of ethically sensitive issues in the English version of EU directives, their related national transposition measures adopted in the UK, and press articles reporting on the introduction, revision or implementation of such laws. In this sense, news reports and comments are seen as sitting at the end of a genre chain covering the whole spectre of knowledge dissemination, from the expert (legislation) to the popularising level (newspaper article). The ethically sensitive issues in question concern human health and animal welfare, and the corpora used for the study were selected from the English section of the EOMC (Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus) and from the Lexis-Nexis database of press articles.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p137
title: When a relationship ends "there can be no turning back". The divorce metaphor in the Brexit discourse

description: Brexit has inspired far more metaphors than it has solutions. Many conventional and novel metaphors have been used to frame this issue and the relationship between the EU and the UK. This paper addresses one of them: the divorce metaphor. Starting from the assumption that it is not the side with 'the most' or 'best' facts that wins but the one that provides the most plausible and reliable scenarios (Musolff 2017), this paper intends to explore how the metaphor of divorce has been used by British politicians and in British mainstream media with a view to influencing citizens when justifying political actions. Modelling our method of analysis on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Charteris-Black 2004), we try to demonstrate how the same metaphor becomes a powerful tool for disseminating different evaluative content and expressing criticism.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p167
title: Don't let the facts spoil the story: Foregrounding in news genres versus scientific rigour

description: News producers habitually make use of the technique of "foregrounding", that is, deploying structures and resources that make specific elements in the text more or less prominent. This is closely linked to the media's overriding need to communicate one clear narrative, which is bolstered by a variety of foregrounding strategies that operate both textually and multimodally. This chapter tracks the discursive processes through which a health-related research paper emphasising the benefits of a non-meat diet was transformed, through the cumulation of different foregrounding processes, into a media story about the disadvantages of a vegetarian diet. Some practices that contribute to the generation of bias are discussed, with a particular emphasis on combined multimodal effects.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p191
title: Geo-bioethics: Reporting on Russia's ban from Olympic competition in the international and Russian English language press

description: The decision of the International Olympic Committee to ban Russian athletes from the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro and the 2018 Pyeonchang Games in South Korea, following accusations of a state-promoted doping programme behind Russian sport, indicates that what was formerly framed as a personal misdemeanour has now developed into a geopolitical matter, a shift that involves a considerable change in the approach taken towards the phenomenon of doping. Scholars of political science and international relations now see such venues as occasions for the exercise of 'soft power', namely, "the ability of states to communicate universally shared values […] in order to court the publics of other states" (Grix, Lee 2013, p. 526). If states are "attempting to use sports mega-events to persuade the governments, businesses and the public in other countries to alter negative stereotypes they hold" (Grix, Houlihan 2013, p. 577), how are those negative stereotypes affected when the reason for non-inclusion is a bioethical one? Concomitantly, how does the ostracized nation attempt to protect its threatened identity before the eyes of the world (Altukhov, Nauright 2018)? To assess how this issue has been contested and negotiated in the media two comparable corpora have been assembled: the first comprising English language articles about the bans in the international press (IPC); the second composed of English language articles on the same topic available on the ITAR-TASS website (Russian Press Corpus; RPC). The corpora are interrogated using concordancing software to provide an initial sample of 100 keywords from each corpus, which are then placed in broad semantic fields. The IPC corpus furnishes insights both into the kinds of stereotypes that abound in reporting about Russia's alleged behaviour and also into the values the international community implicitly attributes to itself. On the other hand, the RPC provides pointers to how Russia implements its English language press service to effect damage repair to its international reputation and cushion the blow to its soft power.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p211
title: Knowledge dissemination and ideology-framing in digital communication. The case of law journal abstracts

description: Over the course of the last decades, digital communication has contributed significantly to the dissemination of scientific knowledge, thus allowing also lay readers access to material primarily intended for expert audiences. This change has also affected domains, like legal research, which are traditionally and explicitly targeted to 'insiders', and particularly the esoteric community (i.e. experts working on similar cases/issues, as opposed to the exoteric scientific community at large). For the products of legal research to become appealing and 'usable' for both these audiences, their (meta-)representation needs to be strategically designed in order for legal academic texts to be recognized as authoritative sources where to find relevant contents and their discussion. This is the main purpose of abstracts (RAAs), which are meant to anticipate the main information contained in the associated research article (RA) in a way that is clear, comprehensible and cognitively appealing, so as to encourage readers to read the ensuing text in full. On this basis, this study analyses RAA discourse in online legal publications: a corpus of 100 RAAs from the Harvard Law Review (https://harvardlawreview.org/issues/) is investigated in order to show how discursive choices may depend upon the epistemology of the domain, the content discussed (which may range from constitutional law, foreign affairs and national security to issues concerning privacy, intellectual property or civil rights), the target audience's competence, background knowledge, motivation, or needs, and, ultimately, the purpose of the RA (i.e. speculative reasons vs practical application).
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p231
title: Accountability practices in research and publication ethics on the web. Linguistic and discursive features

description: With the large increase in the amount of published research being carried out throughout the world, potential is mounting for ethical practices to take a back seat in the apparent frequency of reported cases of scientific misconduct. While these cases erode the credibility of scientific research and public trust in the publication process, they often delineate accountabilities between conflicting parties and require organisational and institutional responses to good research practices based on fundamental, ethical principles of research integrity. In this paper, I explore the linguistic and discursive features of research and publication ethics in a representative corpus of misconduct cases as a genre created and maintained by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) organisation over its website. Using a combined framework of methodological perspectives from functionally-defined criteria of discourse and genre categorizations (Askehave, Swales 2001; Bhatia 2004; Swales 2004) alongside evaluation (Hunston, Thompson 2000) and stance-taking (Biber et al. 1999; Hyland 2005), this study looks at the discourse organisational structure of texts with identifiable communicative moves and associated language use to unveil the types of social actors' relations and identities constructed through "Action", "Representation" and "Identification" (Fairclough 2003) of the social events and practices in question via recontextualization and interdiscursivity (Bhatia 2004, 2017; Fairclough 2003; Sarangi, Brookers-Howell 2006). Linguistic and rhetorical choices made on recontextualized and representational features of text reveal how cases set the tone for accountability between the social actors (parties) involved in matters of research ethics, and how they allow the organisation to take responsibility for the integrity of their research conduct by fostering a climate of responsible practices and adjusting party accountabilities. Attending to both linguistic and discursive features, the communicative practices of the case genre authenticate the competing social relations, identities, values or interests of the parties in this kind of discourse representation, and align the institutional action, identity and values of the organisation with social norms when legitimising its commitment to create and preserve conditions for ethical principles and professional standards essential for a range of responsible practices of research publishing.
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34p256
title: Colophon
DOI: 10.1285/i22390359v34
title: Debating evolutions in science, technology and society: Ethical and ideological perspectives

description: Every new advance in science and in technology, every evolution in society, politics and culture brings with it the need to update linguistic resources at different levels in order to be able to talk about them and accommodate new concepts. This leads to the emergence of new representations and new discourses which pertain not only to the specialized domains of science and technology, or to those of sociology or political science, but become part and parcel of public discourses addressing ordinary citizens and affecting everyday life and choices. These public discourses involve the transfer of domain-specific knowledge to various non-specialist audiences and its recontextualization in a type of discourse that is very different from the type of discourse in which it was originally cast, if only because it is aimed at disseminating knowledge and making it more accessible. As the process of transformation requires the conceptual and linguistic processing of knowledge for the benefit of the non-specialist, it can never be neutral. Even when the writer has the best intentions in terms of accuracy and honesty, what is provided in each case is one version – often simplified or reduced – of the relevant knowledge among the many versions that could be given. The articles in this special issue address the topic of knowledge dissemination as a concept and as a practice, and investigate the discursive representations of a variety of topical issues in contemporary society, ranging from nanotechnologies, to bioethics, to scientific research findings, but also including political discourses – such as Brexit, or the discourse of doping – and academic discourses and practices. The findings suggest that framing, selecting and perspectivising are routinely used in knowledge dissemination and transmission, and indicate that these aspects play a key role in all popularising discourses.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3923634
title: IPBES regions and sub-regions

description: <strong>This dataset describes the IPBES regions and sub-regions and their corresponding countries or areas.</strong> ipbes_regions_subregions.csv GID_0: Corresponds to the GID from GADM (https://gadm.org/) and offered to facilitates the preparation of maps ISO_3166_alpha_3: Corresponds to the International Standard for country codes and codes for their subdivisions (https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html) Region: Corresponds to IPBES regions Sub-region: Corresponds to IPBES subregions ipbes_regions.png: map of the IPBES regions (Robinson projection https://epsg.io/54030) ipbes_sub_regions.png: map of the IPBES sub-regions (Robinson projection https://epsg.io/54030) ipbes_regions_shapefile.R: The R code used to link the "ipbes_regions_subregions.csv" to GADM (https://gadm.org/) boundaries ipbes_region_mapping.R The R code used to map the IPBES regions and sub-regions.<br> <br> Inquiries: IPBES technical support unit on knowledge and data - Aidin Niamir
description: The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3354339
title: Simultaneous three-dimensional vascular and tubular imaging of whole mouse kidneys with X-ray µCT

description: µCT dataset of a mouse kidney injected with contrast agent XlinCA and scanned with 3.3 µm voxel size. Detailed sample preparation and image acquisition protocols are published as "Simultaneous three-dimensional vascular and tubular imaging of whole mouse kidneys with X-ray µCT" in <em>Microscopy and Microanalysis</em>. Segmentations of the vascular and tubular lumina along with the renal tissue are provided as masks. The three different segmented features were combined into a single dataset and encoded as different gray values: 0: Background<br> 51: Tubules<br> 204: Tissue<br> 255: Blood vessels
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3928276
title: Pancreatic Islets test datasets for besca

description: This is a single cell transcriptomics dataset containing 2488 cells by 21246 features from T2D and healthy controls in human. Originally downloaded from https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-5061/. We reprocessed the dataset using the Besca package (https://github.com/bedapub/besca).
description: {"references": ["Segerstolpe \u00c5, Palasantza A, Eliasson P, et al. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Human Pancreatic Islets in Health and Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab. 2016;24(4):593-607. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.020"]}
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3928275
title: Pancreatic Islets test datasets for besca

description: This is a single cell transcriptomics dataset containing 2488 cells by 21246 features from T2D and healthy controls in human. Originally downloaded from https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-5061/. We reprocessed the dataset using the Besca package (https://github.com/bedapub/besca).
description: {"references": ["Segerstolpe \u00c5, Palasantza A, Eliasson P, et al. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Human Pancreatic Islets in Health and Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab. 2016;24(4):593-607. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.020"]}
DOI: 10.15129/660813d4-8836-4c23-bce3-97835ed27853
title: Data for: "Non-leaching, highly biocompatible nanocellulose surfaces that efficiently resist fouling by bacteria in an artificial dermis model"

description: This dataset has been created to support the corresponding publication. It includes: 1. Ascii files for the ToF-SIMS work (ASCII_files_mass_work); 2. raw data that supports the graphics in figs 4,5,6 and 7. The software needed to open the files is Excel (Microsoft) and GraphPad Prism.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3928306
title: Supplementary materials for "Internal bores and gravity currents in a two-fluid system"

description: Supplementary materials for "Internal bores and gravity currents in a two-fluid system" MARUYAMA, Kiyoshi. (2016, September 15). Internal bores and gravity currents in a two-fluid system. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3925766
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3928305
title: Supplementary materials for "Internal bores and gravity currents in a two-fluid system"

description: Supplementary materials for "Internal bores and gravity currents in a two-fluid system" MARUYAMA, Kiyoshi. (2016, September 15). Internal bores and gravity currents in a two-fluid system. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3925766
DOI: 10.14459/2018mp1549080
title: Numerical symmetry-preserving techniques for low-dissipation shock-capturing schemes

description: This dataset is related to the publication https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1506739.