cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17632/rh29n262mb
title: Liderazgo de las mujeres en la justicia y seguridad del estado de Guatemala (Women's Leadership in Justice and Security of the State of Guatemala)

description: SPA. El artículo analiza la creciente participación femenina en sectores históricamente dominados por hombres, como el sistema de justicia, la Policía Nacional Civil (PNC) y el Ejército de Guatemala. A pesar de los avances significativos desde la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz en 1996, persisten importantes desafíos culturales y estructurales, incluyendo estereotipos de género y violencia. Las mujeres han logrado aumentar su presencia en roles de liderazgo, lo cual ha mejorado la interpretación de delitos de género y contribuido a la integridad institucional. Sin embargo, en la PNC y el Ejército, la representación femenina sigue siendo baja. Las organizaciones de mujeres y el apoyo internacional han sido cruciales para fomentar la igualdad. A pesar de los avances, es necesario continuar promoviendo políticas y prácticas que garanticen la plena inclusión y participación de las mujeres en estos sectores.
ENG. The paper analyzes the increasing female participation in sectors historically dominated by men, such as the justice system, the National Civil Police (PNC), and the Guatemalan Army. Despite significant advances since the signing of the Peace Accords in 1996, important cultural and structural challenges persist, including gender stereotypes and violence. Women have managed to increase their presence in leadership roles, which has improved the interpretation of gender-based crimes and contributed to institutional integrity. However, in the PNC and the Army, female representation remains low. Women's organizations and international support have been crucial in promoting equality. Despite the progress, it is necessary to continue promoting policies and practices that ensure the full inclusion and participation of women in these sectors.
DOI: 10.17632/rh29n262mb.1
title: Liderazgo de las mujeres en la justicia y seguridad del estado de Guatemala (Women's Leadership in Justice and Security of the State of Guatemala)

description: SPA. El artículo analiza la creciente participación femenina en sectores históricamente dominados por hombres, como el sistema de justicia, la Policía Nacional Civil (PNC) y el Ejército de Guatemala. A pesar de los avances significativos desde la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz en 1996, persisten importantes desafíos culturales y estructurales, incluyendo estereotipos de género y violencia. Las mujeres han logrado aumentar su presencia en roles de liderazgo, lo cual ha mejorado la interpretación de delitos de género y contribuido a la integridad institucional. Sin embargo, en la PNC y el Ejército, la representación femenina sigue siendo baja. Las organizaciones de mujeres y el apoyo internacional han sido cruciales para fomentar la igualdad. A pesar de los avances, es necesario continuar promoviendo políticas y prácticas que garanticen la plena inclusión y participación de las mujeres en estos sectores.
ENG. The paper analyzes the increasing female participation in sectors historically dominated by men, such as the justice system, the National Civil Police (PNC), and the Guatemalan Army. Despite significant advances since the signing of the Peace Accords in 1996, important cultural and structural challenges persist, including gender stereotypes and violence. Women have managed to increase their presence in leadership roles, which has improved the interpretation of gender-based crimes and contributed to institutional integrity. However, in the PNC and the Army, female representation remains low. Women's organizations and international support have been crucial in promoting equality. Despite the progress, it is necessary to continue promoting policies and practices that ensure the full inclusion and participation of women in these sectors.
DOI: 10.17632/76bfpr2chv
title: Sequences Macaca

description: This study analyzes previously unclassified transposable element sequences in Macaca genomes using ORF detection, revealing that a subset of elements retains conserved protein domains.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s612j
title: Data from: Relative size predicts competitive outcome through 2 million years

description: Competition is an important biotic interaction that influences survival
 and reproduction. While competition on ecological timescales has received
 great attention, little is known about competition on evolutionary
 timescales. Do competitive abilities change over hundreds of thousands to
 millions of years? Can we predict competitive outcomes using phenotypic
 traits? How much do traits that confer competitive advantage and
 competitive outcomes change? Here we show, using communities of encrusting
 marine bryozoans spanning more than 2 million years, that size is a
 significant determinant of overgrowth outcomes: colonies with larger
 zooids tend to overgrow colonies with smaller zooids. We also detected
 temporally coordinated changes in average zooid sizes, suggesting that
 different species responded to a common external driver. Although
 species-specific average zooid sizes change over evolutionary timescales,
 species-specific competitive abilities seem relatively stable, suggesting
 that traits other than zooid size also control overgrowth outcomes and/or
 that evolutionary constraints are involved.
description: Liow_sp_interaction_size_16.1.2017Data used for Liow et al. 2017 (Ecology Letters)FormationAgesFormation data for Liow et al. 2017 (Ecology Letters)Measured for Fig. 4Zooid size measurements for Liow et al. 2017 (Ecology Letters)
DOI: 10.17632/76bfpr2chv.1
title: Sequences Macaca

description: This study analyzes previously unclassified transposable element sequences in Macaca genomes using ORF detection, revealing that a subset of elements retains conserved protein domains.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.472s0
title: Data from: When homoplasy is not homoplasy: dissecting trait evolution by contrasting composite and reductive coding

description: The conceptualization and coding of characters is a difficult issue in
 phylogenetic systematics, no matter which inference method is used when
 reconstructing phylogenetic trees or if the characters are just mapped
 onto a specific tree. Complex characters are groups of features that can
 be divided into simpler hierarchical characters (reductive coding),
 although the implied hierarchical relational information may change
 depending on the type of coding (composite vs reductive). Up to now, there
 is no common agreement to either code characters as complex or simple.
 Phylogeneticists have discussed which coding method is best, but have not
 incorporated the heuristic process of reciprocal illumination to evaluate
 the coding. Composite coding allows to test 1) if several characters were
 linked resulting in a structure described as a complex character or trait,
 or 2) if independently evolving characters resulted in the configuration
 incorrectly interpreted as a complex character. We propose that complex
 characters or character states should be decomposed iteratively into
 simpler characters when the original homology hypothesis is not
 corroborated by a phylogenetic analysis, and the character or character
 state is retrieved as homoplastic. We tested this approach using the case
 of fruit types within subfamily Cinchonoideae (Rubiaceae). The iterative
 reductive coding of characters associated to drupes allowed us to unthread
 fruit evolution within Cinchonoideae. Our results show that drupes and
 berries are not homologous. As a consequence, a more precise ontology for
 the Cinchonoideae drupes is required.
description: Appendix 1. Complete
 taxon names, vouchers and Genbank accensions.Appendix
 1.xlsxAppendix 2. Extended
 details of DNA and phylogenetic analyses.Appendix
 2.docxAppendix 3.
 Morphological matricesAppendix
 3.docxAppendix 4. Phylogenetic
 trees and its topology comparison.Appendix
 4.docx
DOI: 10.34894/adavex
title: Jedidiah Morse, The American Gazetteer (Boston 1797) [ALTO line format]

description: This dataset contains the digitalised text of Jedidiah Morse's &lt;em&gt;The American Gazetteer&lt;/em&gt; (Boston 1797). The text was digitalised using scans provided by the John Adams Library at the Boston Public Library (&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/americangazettee00mors" target="_blank"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) and the HTR software &lt;a href="http://www.transkribus.eu/" target="_blank"&gt;Transkribus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

This dataset contains the files in ALTO (line) format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2s19v
title: Data from: The role of climatic and geological events in generating diversity in Ethiopian grass frogs (genus Ptychadena)

description: Ethiopia is a world biodiversity hotspot and harbours levels of biotic
 endemism unmatched in the Horn of Africa, largely due to topographic—and
 thus habitat—complexity, which results from a very active geological and
 climatic history. Among Ethiopian vertebrate fauna, amphibians harbour the
 highest levels of endemism, making amphibians a compelling system for the
 exploration of the impacts of Ethiopia's complex abiotic history on
 biotic diversification. Grass frogs of the genus Ptychadena are notably
 diverse in Ethiopia, where they have undergone an evolutionary radiation.
 We used molecular data and expanded taxon sampling to test for cryptic
 diversity and to explore diversification patterns in both the highland
 radiation and two widespread lowland Ptychadena. Species delimitation
 results support the presence of nine highland species and four lowland
 species in our dataset, and divergence dating suggests that both geologic
 events and climatic fluctuations played a complex and confounded role in
 the diversification of Ptychadena in Ethiopia. We rectify the taxonomy of
 the endemic P. neumanni species complex, elevating one formally
 synonymized name and describing three novel taxa. Finally, we describe two
 novel lowland Ptychadena species that occur in Ethiopia and may be more
 broadly distributed.
description: Sequence_DataAll sequence data collected for this project, named based on the gene.MLS_Sequences.zipSUPPORTING_RoyalSociety-RevThe revised supporting information for this publication.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.29722
title: Data from: Multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods: evaluations, comparisons, and recommendations

description: Recent years have seen increased interest in phylogenetic comparative
 analyses of multivariate datasets, but to date the varied proposed
 approaches have not been extensively examined. Here we review the
 mathematical properties required of any multivariate method, and
 specifically evaluate existing multivariate phylogenetic comparative
 methods in this context. Phylogenetic comparative methods based on the
 full multivariate likelihood are robust to levels of covariation among
 trait dimensions and are insensitive to the orientation of the dataset,
 but display increasing model misspecification as the number of trait
 dimensions increases. This is because the expected evolutionary covariance
 matrix (V) used in the likelihood calculations becomes more
 ill-conditioned as trait dimensionality increases, and as evolutionary
 models become more complex. Thus, these approaches are only appropriate
 for datasets with few traits and many species. Methods that summarize
 patterns across trait dimensions treated separately (e.g., SURFACE)
 incorrectly assume independence among trait dimensions, resulting in
 nearly a 100% model misspecification rate. Methods using pairwise
 composite likelihood are highly sensitive to levels of trait covariation,
 the orientation of the dataset, and the number of trait dimensions. The
 consequences of these debilitating deficiencies is that a user can arrive
 at differing statistical conclusions, and therefore biological inferences,
 simply from a dataspace rotation, like principal component analysis. By
 contrast, algebraic generalizations of the standard phylogenetic
 comparative toolkit that use the trace of covariance matrices are
 insensitive to levels of trait covariation, the number of trait
 dimensions, and the orientation of the dataset. Further, when appropriate
 permutation tests are used, these approaches display acceptable Type I
 error and statistical power. We conclude that methods summarizing
 information across trait dimensions, as well as pairwise composite
 likelihood methods should be avoided, while algebraic generalizations of
 the phylogenetic comparative toolkit provide a useful means of assessing
 macroevolutionary patterns in multivariate data. Finally, we discuss areas
 in which multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods are still in need
 of future development; namely highly multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck
 models and approaches for multivariate evolutionary model comparisons.
description: Supplemental
 MaterialAdditional results from
 simulations supporting this manuscriptSuppMaterial-AdamsCollyer.docxSimulation-RScriptsR scripts used to perform all simulations in this studySimulation-ResultsResults from all simulations in this study
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.57rk7
title: Data from: Conserving phylogenetic diversity can be a poor strategy for conserving functional diversity

description: For decades, academic biologists have advocated for making conservation
 decisions in light of evolutionary history. Specifically, they suggest
 that policy makers should prioritize conserving phylogenetically diverse
 assemblages. The most prominent argument is that conserving phylogenetic
 diversity (PD) will also conserve diversity in traits and features
 (functional diversity [FD]), which may be valuable for a number of
 reasons. The claim that PD-maximized (“maxPD”) sets of taxa will also have
 high FD is often taken at face value and in cases where researchers have
 actually tested it, they have done so by measuring the phylogenetic signal
 in ecologically important functional traits. The rationale is that if
 traits closely mirror phylogeny, then saving the maxPD set of taxa will
 tend to maximize FD and if traits do not have phylogenetic structure, then
 saving the maxPD set of taxa will be no better at capturing FD than
 criteria that ignore PD. Here, we suggest that measuring the phylogenetic
 signal in traits is uninformative for evaluating the effectiveness of
 using PD in conservation. We evolve traits under several different models
 and, for the first time, directly compare the FD of a set of taxa that
 maximize PD to the FD of a random set of the same size. Under many common
 models of trait evolution and tree shapes, conserving the maxPD set of
 taxa will conserve more FD than conserving a random set of the same size.
 However, this result cannot be generalized to other classes of models. We
 find that under biologically plausible scenarios, using PD to select
 species can actually lead to less FD compared with a random set.
 Critically, this can occur even when there is phylogenetic signal in the
 traits. Predicting exactly when we expect using PD to be a good strategy
 for conserving FD is challenging, as it depends on complex interactions
 between tree shape and the assumptions of the evolutionary model.
 Nonetheless, if our goal is to maintain trait diversity, the fact that
 conserving taxa based on PD will not reliably conserve at least as much FD
 as choosing randomly raises serious concerns about the general utility of
 PD in conservation.
description: Appendices_Mazel_Final
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vv53d
title: Data from: Origins of lymphatic and distant metastases in human colorectal cancer

description: The spread of cancer cells from primary tumors to regional lymph nodes is
 often associated with reduced survival. One prevailing model to explain
 this association posits that fatal, distant metastases are seeded by lymph
 node metastases. This view provides a mechanistic basis for the TNM
 staging system and is the rationale for surgical resection of
 tumor-draining lymph nodes. Here we examine the evolutionary relationship
 between primary tumor, lymph node, and distant metastases in human
 colorectal cancer. Studying 213 archival biopsy samples from 17 patients,
 we used somatic variants in hypermutable DNA regions to reconstruct
 high-confidence phylogenetic trees. We found that in 65% of cases,
 lymphatic and distant metastases arose from independent subclones in the
 primary tumor, whereas in 35% of cases they shared common subclonal
 origin. Therefore, two different lineage relationships between lymphatic
 and distant metastases exist in colorectal cancer.
description: Polyguanine genotyping
 dataThis archive contains
 polyguanine genotyping data, distance matrices and phylogenetic
 trees.Dryad.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.05st3
title: Data from: Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model, Exaiptasia pallida (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank

description: Examination of host-microbe interactions in early diverging metazoans,
 such as cnidarians, is of great interest from an evolutionary perspective
 to understand how host-microbial consortia have evolved. To address this
 problem, we analyzed whether the bacterial community associated with the
 cosmopolitan and model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida shows specific
 patterns across worldwide populations ranging from the Caribbean Sea, and
 the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. By comparing sequences of the V1–V3
 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we revealed that
 anemones host a complex and diverse microbial community. When examined at
 the phylum level, bacterial diversity and abundance associated with E.
 pallida are broadly conserved across geographic space with samples,
 containing largely Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. However, the
 species-level makeup within these phyla differs drastically across space
 suggesting a high-level core microbiome with local adaptation of the
 constituents. Indeed, no bacterial OTU was ubiquitously found in all
 anemones samples. We also revealed changes in the microbial community
 structure after rearing anemone specimens in captivity within a period of
 four months. Furthermore, the variation in bacterial community assemblages
 across geographical locations did not correlate with the composition of
 microalgal Symbiodinium symbionts. Our findings contrast with the
 postulation that cnidarian hosts might actively select and maintain
 species-specific microbial communities that could have resulted from an
 intimate co-evolution process. The fact that E. pallida is likely an
 introduced species in most sampled localities suggests that this microbial
 turnover is a relatively rapid process. Our findings suggest that
 environmental settings, not host specificity, seem to dictate bacterial
 community structure associated with this sea anemone. More than
 maintaining a specific composition of bacterial species some cnidarians
 associate with a wide range of bacterial species as long as they provide
 the same physiological benefits towards the maintenance of a healthy host.
 The examination of the previously uncharacterized bacterial community
 associated with the cnidarian sea anemone model E. pallida is the first
 global-scale study of its kind.
description: Relative Abundance of
 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) from all microbial samples associated
 with Exaiptasia pallidaThis file contains the
 relative abundance of OTUs found in each sample
 analyzed.am_otu_prok_only.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s653s
title: Data from: Ecosystem memory of wildfires affects resilience of boreal mixedwood biodiversity after retention harvest

description: The extent to which past states influence present and future ecosystem
 characteristics (ecosystem memory (EM)) is challenging to assess because
 signals of past ecological conditions fade with time. Using data about
 seven different taxa, we show that ecological gradients initiated by
 wildfires up to three centuries earlier affect biotic recovery after
 variable retention harvest in the boreal mixedwood forest. First, we show
 that fire history over the last 300 years is reflected in pre-harvest
 species-specific stand basal area (BA), with longer times since high
 severity fire associated with proportionally higher BA of shade-tolerant
 softwood species than shade-intolerant hardwoods. Second, using patterns
 in the BA of pre-harvest tree species we link fire history to species
 composition of pre-harvest assemblages of bryophytes, herbs, shrubs,
 regenerated trees, songbirds, spiders and carabid beetles. Finally, we use
 variance partitioning to compare the importance of species-specific pre-
 versus post-harvest BA for explaining the structure of these seven biotic
 assemblages two, five and ten years after harvest. We detected persistent
 significant effects of pre-harvest BA in all post-harvest biotic
 assemblages up to ten years after harvest. Pre-harvest BA was more
 strongly associated with early post-harvest understory plant and carabid
 beetle assemblages than was post-harvest BA, but the opposite was true for
 spiders, songbirds and regenerated trees. EM effects were detected two,
 five and ten years after harvest but temporal patterns varied according to
 taxa. Thus, EM of fire history can persist at least ten years after
 variable retention harvest and such effects appear to be stronger for
 understory plants than for animals. We conclude that management of
 biological legacies to increase post-disturbance EM will increase overall
 resilience and sustainability of these mixedwood forests.
description: OIKOS_04208_EM_DataDryadDescription of the dataset used in Bergeron et al. Ecosystem memory of wildfires affects resilience of boreal mixedwood biodiversity after retention harvest, Oikos, doi: 10.1111/oik.04208. More details are given in the associated README file and Appendix 1 oik.04208 at www.oikosjournal.org/readers/appendix.