DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18596714
title: Dataset for the article "Nanoscale Structure-Function Mapping of Boron-Doped "Classic" and Dendritic Carbon Nanowalls"

description: Dataset for the article "Nanoscale Structure-Function Mapping of Boron-Doped “Classic” and Dendritic Carbon Nanowalls"

Noah Al-Shamery, Rafael A. Vicente, Thorsten Gölz, Andreas Tittl, Jaroslav Kuliček, Bohuslav Rezek, Michał Sobaszek, Pooi See Lee, Robert Bogdanowicz, Patrick R. Unwin, Anna Dettlaff

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United KingdomDepartment of Physical-Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Josué de Castro, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-970, BrazilCenter for Innovation on New Energies (CINE), R. Michel Debrun, s/n, Prédio Amarelo, Campinas 13083-841, BrazilFakultät für Physik, Nano Institute Munich & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Königinstr. 10, 80539, Munich, GermanyCzech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technická 2, Prague 6, CzechiaGdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandGdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland 

Figure 2. Raman mapping and spectral results of B:CNW and D:CNW: a) D‑band peak map, b) Raman spectra of bulk carbon nanowalls, and c) G‑band peak map.Figure 3. Time‑resolved WF for the B:CNW and D:CNW electrodes measured in the dark and under simulated sunlight illumination.Figure.4. WF mapping for samples B:CNW and D:CNW in the dark (a) and simulated sunlight (b) conditions. (c) Surface photovoltage mapping at the same location.Table 1. Summary of carbon nanowalls WF in the dark and SPV.

Figure S1. Deconvoluted Raman spectra of B:CNW and D:CNW.Figure S2. Hyperspectral Raman maps of  B:CNW and D:CNW in the a) D‑band and b) G‑band peaks, acquired over areas of 15×15 μm², 5×5 μm², and 2.5×2.5 μm².Figure S3. Hyperspectral Raman maps of B:CNW and D:CNW in the a) G´‑band and b) 2D´‑band peaks, acquired over areas of 15×15 μm², 5×5 μm², and 2.5×2.5 μm²..

Abstract:Understanding how nanoscale structure influences functionality in carbon-based materials is critical for advancing their use in sensing, catalysis, and energy storage. Here, we investigate boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B:CNW) and dendritic carbon nanowalls (D:CNW) using a correlative, multimodal approach that combines nano-FTIR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman mapping, Kelvin probe work function (WF) and surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements, and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Far-field Raman and FTIR confirm the expected graphitic and boron-related signatures, while nano-FTIR and AFM reveal pronounced apex-to-margin contrasts in local chemistry and morphology, including apex-specific boron modes in D:CNW and additional carbonyl species at B:CNW margins. Raman mapping links these nanoscale features to differences in wall packing density and porosity.. WF/SPV mapping shows that D:CNW possesses a higher and more spatially uniform WF together with a predominantly positive SPV, indicative of efficient photogenerated hole accumulation, whereas B:CNW exhibits a broader WF distribution and weaker, heterogeneous SPV response. SECCM measurements further demonstrate that B:CNW behaves as a largely homogeneous nanoscale electrode, while D:CNW displays apex-dominated, highly wettable regions that locally amplify electrochemical currents. Together, these results provide a coherent structure–function picture in which B:CNW offers spatially uniform electrochemical behaviour suited to reproducible, large-area sensing, whereas D:CNW provides an energetically favourable and locally intensified interface for highly sensitive, apex-driven detection. The correlative methodology outlined here yields transferable design rules for tailoring doped nanocarbon architectures in optoelectronic and electrochemical devices.

Keywords: Nano-FTIR, SECCM, carbon nanowalls, boron doping, surface photovoltage, electrochemical mapping, near-field spectroscopy, nanoscale morphology, photoelectrochemical sensors, structure-function relationships