DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tb2rbp07s
title: Data for: What you have, not who you know: food-enhanced social capital and changes in social behavioural relationships in a non-human primate

description: Social network position in non-human primates has far-reaching fitness
 consequences. Critically, social networks are both heterogenous and
 dynamic, meaning an individual’s current network position is likely to
 change due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, our
 understanding of the drivers of changes in social network position is
 largely confined to opportunistic studies. Experimental research on the
 consequences of in situ, controlled network perturbations is limited. Here
 we conducted a food-based experiment in rhesus macaques to assess whether
 allowing an individual the ability to provide high-quality food to her
 group changed her social behavioural relationships. We considered both her
 social network position across five behavioural networks, as well as her
 dominance and kin interactions. We found that gaining control over a
 preferential food resource had far-reaching social consequences. There was
 an increase in both submission and aggression centrality and changes in
 the socio-demographic characteristics of her agonistic interaction
 partners. Further, we found that her grooming balance shifted in her
 favour as she received more grooming than she gave. Together, these
 results provide a novel, preliminary insight into how in situ,
 experimental manipulations can modify social network position and point to
 broader network-level shifts in both social capital and social power.
description: <strong>Data collection:</strong>
 Data were collected on a single group of Rhesus macaques.
 Behavioural observations were conducted all adult individuals (3+ years)
 in the group. Affiliative and agonistic interactions were
 recorded. <strong>Data
 processing:</strong> Behavioural observations
 were used to construct a weighted, directed behavioural network for each
 of the following behaviours, for both baseline and experimental phases
 separately: (1) dyadic aggressive interactions where aggressive behaviour
 was met with a clear submissive response, (2) approach – move away
 interactions, such as displacements, (3) SBT signals in response to
 peaceful approaches (note: peaceful SBTs may be accompanied by other
 submissive behaviours including turn away, move away. or rump present),
 and (4) social grooming interactions. Weighted, undirected networks were
 constructed for huddling/social contact and proximity interactions. For
 directed behaviours, indegree, outdegree (the number of adjacent edges to
 each node), and strength (total number of interactions) were calculated,
 while degree centrality was calculated for undirected networks.
 Dominance ranks were calculated from agonistic interactions for
 all adult individuals using the Perc package.
description: # Dataset for "What you have, not who you know: food-enhanced social
 capital and changes in social behavioural relationships in a non-human
 primate" The goal of
 the experiment was to assess whether allowing an individual Rhesus macaque
 to provide food to her group changed her social behavioural relationships.
 Our study consisted of a 4-week baseline period and a 4-week experimental
 period during which behavioural observations were conducted. During the
 baseline period, there were no changes to daily routine. During the
 experimental period, one female with average dominance rank and average
 social connectivity was trained to open a food box and provide
 high-quality food to her group once per day. The provider monkey was
 trained using standard positive reinforcement techniques to pull a
 non-functional lever on a feeder box when cued by research staff.
 Behavioural observations were conducted by two observers four days per
 week on all adult individuals (3+ years) in the group. One observer
 recorded aggressive interactions and status signalling interactions
 between adult group members using an ad libitum event sampling design. A
 second observer recorded all affiliative interactions (i.e. social
 grooming, huddling/social contact, and proximity within arm’s reach)
 between adult group members during scan samples conducted every 20
 minutes. Affiliative and aggressive interactions were recorded in dyads,
 and the initiator and recipient specified. Data processing: Behavioural
 observations were used to construct a weighted, directed behavioural
 network for each of the following behaviours, for both baseline and
 experimental phases separately: (1) dyadic aggressive interactions where
 aggressive behaviour was met with a clear submissive response, (2)
 approach – move away interactions, such as displacements, (3) SBT signals
 in response to peaceful approaches (note: peaceful SBTs may be accompanied
 by other submissive behaviours including turn away, move away or rump
 present), and (4) social grooming interactions. Weighted, undirected
 networks were constructed for huddling/social contact and proximity
 interactions. For directed behaviours, indegree, outdegree (the number of
 adjacent edges to each node), and strength (total number of interactions)
 were calculated, while degree centrality was calculated for undirected
 networks. Dominance ranks were calculated from agonistic interactions for
 all adult individuals using the Perc package. We found that gaining
 control over a preferential food resource had far-reaching consequences on
 her position in both the submission and aggression networks, as well as
 the socio-demographic characteristics of her agonistic interaction
 partners. Further, we found that her grooming balance shifted in her
 favour as she received more grooming than she gave. ## Description of the
 data and file structure **File**: network_changes_ms.csv **Description**:
 changes in network metrics of 6 behaviours and changes in grooming balance
 (given versus received) between the baseline and experimental periods for
 all individuals. Degree refers to the number of unique partners the
 individual interacts with and strength refers to the total number of
 interactions. Four behaviours are directed (in versus out) and two
 behaviours are undirected. **Variables**: * ID: Animal ID *
 Agg_in_change_deg: change in aggression indegree between baseline and
 experimental * Groom_in_change_deg: change in grooming indegree between
 baseline and experimental * pSBT_in_change_deg: change in peaceful SBT
 indegree between baseline and experimental * Displ_in_change_deg: change
 in displacement indegree between baseline and experimental *
 Agg_out_change_deg: change in aggression outdegree between baseline and
 experimental * Groom_out_change_deg: change in grooming outdegree between
 baseline and experimental * pSBT_out_change_deg: change in peaceful SBT
 outdegree between baseline and experimental * Displ_out_change_deg: change
 in displacement outdegree between baseline and experimental *
 Agg_out_change_stre: change in aggression strength (out) between baseline
 and experimental * Groom_out_change_stre: change in grooming strength
 (out) between baseline and experimental * pSBT_out_change_stre: change in
 peaceful SBT strength (out) between baseline and experimental *
 Displ_out_change_stre: change in displacement strength (out) between
 baseline and experimental * Agg_in_change_stre: change in aggression
 strength (in) between baseline and experimental * Groom_in_change_stre:
 change in grooming strength (in) between baseline and experimental *
 pSBT_in_change_stre: change in peaceful SBT strength (in) between baseline
 and experimental * Displ_in_change_stre: change in displacment strength
 (in) between baseline and experimental * Hudd_change_stre: change in
 huddling strength between baseline and experimental * Prox_change_stre:
 change in proximity strength between baseline and experimental *
 Hudd_change_deg: change in huddling degree centrality between baseline and
 experimental * Prox_change_deg: change in proximity degree centrality
 between baseline and experimental * groom_diff_BL: grooming balance during
 the baseline period * groom_diff_Exp: grooming balance during the
 experimental period **File**: rank_proportion_ms.csv **Description**:
 Changes in interaction partners by rank for all individuals **Variables:**
 * ID: Animal ID * Period: study period * Network: behavioural network *
 no: count of dyads where the initiator was higher ranked than the
 recipient * yes: count of dyads where initiator was lower ranked than the
 recipient * prop: proportion of dyads in which the initiator was higher
 ranked (ranked higher/total dyads) **File**: kin_stats ms.csv
 **Description**: Changes in kin-related interaction partners of the
 provider monkey **Variables**: * Behaviour: type of behaviour *
 Total_Interactions: total number of interactions the provider monkey was
 involved in * Percent_with_Kin: percentage of the total number of
 interactions that were with kin * Unique_Partners: count of unique
 partners the provider interacted with * Percent_Kin_Partners: percentage
 of partners that were kin * Period: study period ## Sharing/Access
 information N/A ## Code/Software **File**: feederbox_ms_code.Rmd
 **Description**: R notebook of all code used for analysis and figures. R
 notebook is annotated accordingly. R notebook is available in the
 electronic supplementary materials of the publication. Update: minor
 correction to "Total_Interactions" column in kin_stats ms.csv