DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p37t
title: Data from: From traits to flames: Leaf traits, plant strategies, and plant flammability across a moisture gradient in a frequently burned subtropical landscape

description: The distribution of plant functional traits across environmental gradients
 can reflect species’ adaptations to local abiotic conditions. Widely
 measured leaf traits such as leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and
 leaf dry matter content (LDMC) indicate different life history strategies
 and often respond predictably to gradients of stress and disturbance.
 Mounting evidence suggests that leaf traits also covary with measures of
 plant flammability. Yet, whether plant flammability and leaf traits covary
 synchronously across environmental gradients remains unclear. Here, we
 examined plant community composition, leaf morphological traits, and shoot
 flammability traits along gradients of water depth and burn frequency
 between seasonally inundated marl prairie and dry pine rockland on Long
 Pine Key (LPK) in Everglades National Park (ENP). We built generalized
 linear mixed models to test the strength and shape of trait-environment
 relationships between leaf morphological traits, shoot flammability
 traits, and life history strategies across these two environmental
 gradients. Additionally, we utilized general linear mixed models to test
 for relationships between leaf morphological traits and shoot flammability
 traits. We found that plants in the drier regions along the gradient
 (i.e., pine rockland) have high LDMC and moderate LA that reflect
 stress-tolerant strategies. Conversely, plants in wetter parts of the
 gradient (i.e., marl prairies) have low LDMC and high LA that reflect
 disturbance-tolerant strategies. We also found that plants in the pine
 rocklands burn more completely, at higher temperatures, and for longer
 durations than those in the marl prairie. The paired distribution of leaf
 traits and shoot flammability traits along environmental gradients
 reflects significant correlations between shoot flammability traits and LA
 and LDMC. The results indicate that life history strategies, leaf
 morphological traits, and shoot flammability traits may prove useful in
 plant and landscape flammability models for the Everglades and other
 analogous ecosystems.
description: # Data from: From traits to flames: Leaf traits, plant strategies, and
 plant flammability across a moisture gradient in a frequently burned
 subtropical landscape Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p37t](10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p37t) ## Description of the
 data and file structure Plant community composition data were collected
 between 2018 and 2021  in Long Pine Key in Everglades National Park.
 Submodules were sampled 8-12 months after the prescribed burn. Composition
 is measured as percent cover in 1m^2^ submodules for a total of 272
 submodules.  We measured leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and
 leaf dry matter content (LDMC) for five healthy, sun-exposed individuals
 of each species between July and August 2021. Samples were taken from
 submodules representing each species’ primary habitat. LA was determined
 by scanning leaves in ImageJ; SLA (mm² mg⁻¹) and LDMC (%) were calculated
 from saturated and oven-dried masses. Trait values were averaged per
 species. Shoot-level flammability traits (ignitability, maximum burn
 temperature, sustainability, and consumability) were measured for five
 individuals per species using a burning apparatus at 150 °C, following
 established protocols. Samples were preheated, ignited with a blowtorch
 for 10 s, and traits recorded using visual estimates, infrared
 thermometry, and burn duration measurements. Trait values were averaged
 per species. Missing data code: NA ### Files and variables #### File:
 LPK_2020_Schneider_V_UPDATE.csv **Description:** Site by species matrix
 with associated site variables.  ##### Variables * Block: Unit: Burn Block
 ID * Plot: Plot number * Submodule: Submodule ID * Designation: Habitat
 type * Richness: Total number of unique  * Inundation: Total number of
 days water depths were at or below ground level during the 5 years before
 the sampling date * BF: Total number of fires that occurred at a submodule
 during the 20 years prior to the sampling date * Elevation: Height of
 ground level above sea level (m). * WD: 20-year average water depth at a
 given submodule. - ACALCHAM: Percent cover of *Acalypha chamaedrifolia*
 within each submodule * ACMEOPPO: Percent cover of *Acmella oppositifolia*
 var. *repens* within each submodule - ACRODANA: Percent cover of
 *Acrostichum danaeifolium* within each submodule * AGALFASC: Percent cover
 of *Agalinis fasciculata* within each submodule - AGALLINI: Percent cover
 of *Agalinis linifolia* within each submodule * AGALMARI: Percent cover of
 *Agalinis maritima* within each submodule - ALETBRAC: Percent cover of
 *Aletris bracteata* within each submodule * AMMALATI: Percent cover of
 *Ammannia latifolia* within each submodule - ANDRGLOM: Percent cover of
 *Andropogon glomeratus* within each submodule * ANDRTERN: Percent cover of
 *Andropogon ternarius* within each submodule - ANDRVIRG: Percent cover of
 *Andropogon virginicus* within each submodule * ANEMADIA: Percent cover of
 *Anemia adiantifolia* within each submodule - ANGABERT: Percent cover of
 *Angadenia berteroi* within each submodule * ANNOGLAB: Percent cover of
 *Annona glabra* within each submodule - ARDIESCA: Percent cover of
 *Ardisia escallonioides* within each submodule * ARISPURP: Percent cover
 of *Aristida purpurascens* within each submodule * ASCLLANC: Percent cover
 of *Asclepias lanceolata* within each submodule * ASCLLONG: Percent cover
 of *Aslcepias longifolia* within each submodule - ASEMVIOL: Percent cover
 of *Asemeia violacea* within each submodule - AYENEUPH: Percent cover of
 *Ayenia euphrasiifolia* within each submodule - BACCGLOM: Percent cover of
 *Baccharis glomeruliflora* within each submodule - BACCHALI: Percent cover
 of *Baccharis halimifolia* within each submodule - BACOCARO: Percent cover
 of *Bacopa caroliniana* within each submodule - BLETPURP: Percent cover of
 *Bletia purpurea* within each submodule - BUCHAMER: Percent cover of
 *Buchnera americana* within each submodule - BURSAMER: Percent cover of
 *Bursera simaruba* within each submodule - BYRSLUCI: Percent cover of
 *Byrsonima lucida* within each submodule - CALLAMER: Percent cover of
 *Callicarpa americana* within each submodule - CAPECAST: Percent cover of
 *Caperonia castaneifolia* within each submodule * CASSFILI: Percent cover
 of *Cassytha filiformis* within each submodule * CENTASIA: Percent cover
 of *Centella asiatica* within each submodule * CENTVIRG: Percent cover of
 *Centrosema virginia* within each submodule * CEPHOCCI: Percent cover
 ofCephalanthus*s occidentalis* within each submodule * CHAMDEER: Percent
 cover of *Chamaecrista deeringiana* within each submodule * CHAPALBI:
 Percent cover of *Chaptalia albicans* within each submodule * CHIOPARV:
 Percent cover of *Chiococca parvifolia* within each submodule * CHRYICAC:
 Percent cover of *Chrysobalanus icaco* within each submodule * CHRYOLIV:
 Percent cover of *Chrysophyllum oliviforme* within each submodule *
 CIRSHORR: Percent cover of *Cirsium horridulum* within each submodule *
 CISSVERT: Percent cover of *Cissus verticillata* var. *verticillata*
 within each submodule * CITHSPIN: Percent cover of *Citharexylum spinosum*
 within each submodule * CLADJAMA: Percent cover of *Cladium jamaicense*
 within each submodule * COELRUGO: Percent cover of *Coelorachis rugosa*
 within each submodule * COLERIGI: Percent cover of *Coleataenia rigidula*
 within each submodule * CONOCOEL: Percent cover of *Conoclinium
 coelestinum* within each submodule * CONOEREC: Percent cover of
 *Conocarpus erectus* within each submodule * CORCSILI: Percent cover of
 *Corchorus siliquosus* within each submodule * CORELEAV: Percent cover of
 *Coreopsis leavenworthii* within each submodule * CROSILIC: Percent cover
 of *Crossopetalum ilicifolium* within each submodule * CROTLINE: Percent
 cover of *Croton linearis* within each submodule * CROTPUMI: Percent cover
 of *Crotalaria pumila* within each submodule * CYPEHASP: Percent cover of
 *Cyperus haspan* within each submodule * DICHACIC: Percent cover of
 *Dichanthelium aciculare* within each submodule * DICHDICH: Percent cover
 of *Dichanthelium dichotomum* within each submodule * DICHEREC: Percent
 cover of *Dichanthelium erectifolium* within each submodule * DICHSPP:
 Percent cover of *Dichanthelium* species (unknown) within each submodule *
 DICHSTRI: Percent cover of *Dichanthelium strigosum* within each submodule
 * DIGIFILI: Percent cover of *Digitaria filiformis* var. *dolichophylla*
 within each submodule * DIGIPAUC: Percent cover of *Digitaria pauciflora*
 within each submodule * DIODVIRG: Percent cover of *Diodia virginiana*
 within each submodule * DODOVISC: Percent cover of *Dodonea viscosa*
 within each submodule * DYSCANGU: Percent cover of *Dyschoriste angusta*
 within each submodule * ECHIUMBE: Percent cover of *Echites umbellatus*
 within each submodule * EDRAUNIF: Percent cover of *Edrastima uniflora*
 within each submodule - ELEOGENI: Percent cover of *Eleocharis geniculata*
 within each submodule - ELYTCARO: Percent cover of *Elytraria
 caroliniensis* within each submodule - ERAGELLI: Percent cover of
 *Eragrostis elliottii* within each submodule * ERIGQUE : Percent cover of
 *Erigeron quercifolius* within each submodule * EUGEAXIL: Percent cover of
 *Eugenia axillaris* within each submodule * EULOGRAM: Percent cover of
 *Eulophia graminea* within each submodule * EUPACAPI: Percent cover of
 *Eupatorium capillifolium* within each submodule * EUPALEPT: Percent cover
 of *Eupatorium leptophyllum* within each submodule * EUPAMIKA: Percent
 cover of *Eupatorium mikanioides* within each submodule * EUPHDELT:
 Percent cover of *Euphorbia deltoidea* subsp. *pinetorum* within each
 submodule * EUPHHYPE: Percent cover of *Euphorbia hypericifolia* within
 each submodule * EUPHPERG: Percent cover of *Euphorbia pergamena* within
 each submodule * EUPHPINE: Percent cover of *Euphorbia pinetorum* within
 each submodule * EUPHPORT: Percent cover of *Euphorbia porteriana* within
 each submodule * EUPLPOLY: Percent cover of *Euploca polyphylla* within
 each submodule * EUSTGLAU: Percent cover of *Eustachys glauca* within each
 submodule * EUSTPETR: Percent cover of *Eustachys petraea* within each
 submodule * EVOLSERI: Percent cover of *Evolvulus sericeus* within each
 submodule * FICUAURE: Percent cover of *Ficus aurea* within each submodule
 * FICUCITR: Percent cover of *Ficus citricolia* within each submodule *
 FUIRBREV: Percent cover of *Fuirena breviseta* within each submodule *
 FUIRUMBE: Percent cover of *Fuirena umbellata* within each submodule *
 GEOBOBLO: Percent cover of *Geobalanus oblongifoliu*s within each
 submodule * GUAPDISC: Percent cover of *Guapira discolor* within each
 submodule * GUETELLI: Percent cover of *Guettarda elliptica* within each
 submodule * GUETSCAB: Percent cover of *Guettarda scabra* within each
 submodule * HELEPINN: Percent cover of *Helenium pinnatifidum* within each
 submodule * HOUSNIGR: Percent cover of *Houstonia nigricans* within each
 submodule * HYMEPALM: Percent cover of *Hymenocallis palmeri* within each
 submodule * HYPEBRAC: Percent cover of *Hypericum brachyphyllumin * each
 submodule * HYPEHYPE: Percent cover of *Hypericum hypericoides* within
 each submodule * HYPOWRIG: Percent cover of *Hypoxis wrightii* within each
 submodule * HYPTALAT: Percent cover of *Hyptis alata* within each
 submodule * ILEXCASS: Percent cover of *Ilex cassine* within each
 submodule * ILEXKRUG: Percent cover of *Ilex krugiana* within each
 submodule * IPOMMICR: Percent cover of *Ipomoea microdactyla* within each
 submodule * IPOMSAGI: Percent cover of *Ipomoea sagittata* within each
 submodule * IPOMTENU: Percent cover of *Ipomoea tenuissima* within each
 submodule * IVAMICRO: Percent cover of *Iva microcephala* within each
 submodule * JACQCURT: Percent cover of *Jacquemontia curtisii* within each
 submodule * JUNCMEGA: Percent cover of *Juncus megacephalus* within each
 submodule * JUSTANGU: Percent cover of *Justicia angusta* within each
 submodule * KOSTPENT: Percent cover of *Kosteletzkya pentacarpos* within
 each submodule * LANTDEPR: Percent cover of *Lantana depressa* var.
 *depressa* within each submodule * LANTINVO: Percent cover of *Lantana
 involucrata* within each submodule * LEERHEXA: Percent cover of *Leersia
 hexandra* within each submodule * LIATGARB: Percent cover of *Liatris
 garberi* within each submodule * LIATGRAC: Percent cover of *Liatra
 gracilis* within each submodule * LIATSPIC: Percent cover of *Liatris
 spicata* within each submodule * LIATTENU: Percent cover of *Liatris
 tenuifolia* within each submodule * LINUMEDI: Percent cover of *Linum
 medium* var. *texanum* within each submodule * LIPPSTOE: Percent cover of
 *Lippia stoechadifolia* within each submodule * LOBEGLAN: Percent cover of
 *Lobelia glandulosa* within each submodule * LUDWALAT: Percent cover of
 *Ludwigia alata* within each submodule * LUDWCURT: Percent cover of
 *Ludwigia curtissii* within each submodule * LUDWMICR: Percent cover of
 *Ludwigia microcarpa* within each submodule * LUDWREPE: Percent cover of
 *Ludwigia repens* within each submodule * LYSILATI: Percent cover of
 *Lysiloma latisiliquum* within each submodule * MECAACUM: Percent cover of
 *Mecardonia acuminata* subsp. *peninsularis* within each submodule *
 MELAANGU: Percent cover of *Melanthera angustifolia* within each submodule
 * METABLOD: Percent cover of *Metastelma blodgettii* within each submodule
 * METOTOXI: Percent cover of *Metopium toxiferum* within each submodule *
 MICOBICO: Percent cover of M*iconia bicolor* within each submodule *
 MIKASCAN: Percent cover of *Mikania scanden*s within each submodule *
 MITRPETI: Percent cover of *Mitreola petiolata* within each submodule *
 MITRSESS: Percent cover of *Mitreola sessilifolia* within each submodule *
 MORECERI: Percent cover of *Morella cerifera* within each submodule -
 MORIROYO : Percent cover of *Morinda royoc* within each submodule -
 MOSILONG: Percent cover of *Mosiera longipes* within each submodule -
 MUHLCAPI: Percent cover of *Muhlenbergia capillaris* within each submodule
 - MYRSCUBA: Percent cover of *Myrsine cubana* within each submodule -
 NEKEARBO: Percent cover of *Nekemia arborea* within each submodule -
 NEPHEXAL: Percent cover of N*ephrolepis exaltata* within each submodule -
 PANIVIRG: Percent cover of *Panicum virgatum* within each submodule -
 PARIFLOR: Percent cover of *Pareitaria floridana* within each submodule -
 PARTQUIN : Percent cover of *Parthenocissus quinquefolia* within each
 submodule - PASPBLOD: Percent cover of *Paspalum blodgettii* within each
 submodule - PASPCAES : Percent cover of *Paspalum caespitosum* within each
 submodule - PASPMONO: Percent cover of *Paspalum monostachyum* within each
 submodule - PASSSUBE: Percent cover of *Passiflora suberosa* within each
 submodule - PENTLUTE: Percent cover of *Pentalinon luteum* within each
 submodule - PERSHYDR: Percent cover of *Persicaria hydropiperoides* within
 each submodule - PERSPALU: Percent cover of *Persea palustris* within each
 submodule - PHYLCARO: Percent cover of *Phyllanthus caroliniensis* subsp.
 *saxicola* within each submodule - PHYLNODI: Percent cover of P*hyla
 nodiflora* within each submodule - PHYLPENT: Percent cover of *Phyllanthus
 pentaphyllus* var. *floridanus* within each submodule - PHYSWALT: Percent
 cover of *Physalis walter*i within each submodule - PINUELLI: Percent
 cover of *Pinus elliottii* var. *densa* within each submodule - PIRICIST:
 Percent cover of *Piriqueta cistoides* subsp. *caroliniana* within each
 submodule - PITYGRAM: Percent cover of *Pityrogramma trifoliata* within
 each submodule - PLUCBACC: Percent cover of *Pluchea baccharus* within
 each submodule - POLYBALD: Percent cover of *Polygala balduinii* within
 each submodule - POLYINCA: Percent cover of *Polygala incarnata* within
 each submodule - PONTCORD: Percent cover of *Pontedaria cordat*a within
 each submodule - PROSPALU: Percent cover of *Proserpinaca palustris*
 within each submodule - PSILNUDU: Percent cover of *Psilotum nudum* within
 each submodule - PSYCNERV: Percent cover of *Psychotria nervosa* within
 each submodule - PTERAQUI: Percent cover of *Pterdium aquilinum* var.
 *pseudocaudatum* within each submodule - PTERBAHA: Percent cover of
 *Pteris bahamensis* within each submodule - QUERCUS VIRGINIANAG: Percent
 cover of *Quercus virginiana* within each submodule - RANDACUL: Percent
 cover of *Randia aculeata* within each submodule - RHUSCOPA: Percent cover
 of *Rhus copalinum* within each submodule - RHYNCOLO: Percent cover of
 *Rhynchospora colorata* within each submodule - RHYNDIVE: Percent cover of
 *Rhynchospora divergens* within each submodule - RHYNFLOR: Percent cover
 of *Rhynchospora floridensis* within each submodule - RHYNMICR: Percent
 cover of *Rhynchospora microcarpa* within each submodule - RHYNRENI:
 Percent cover of *Rhynchosia reniformis* within each submodule - RHYNTRAC:
 Percent cover of *Rhynchospora tracyi* within each submodule - RUELSUCC:
 Percent cover of *Ruellia succulenta* within each submodule - SABAPALM:
 Percent cover of *Sabal palmetto* within each submodule - SABASTEL:
 Percent cover of *Sabatia stellaris* within each submodule - SACCGIGA:
 Percent cover of *Saccharum giganteum* within each submodule - SACHPOLY:
 Percent cover of *Sachsia polycephala* within each submodule - SAGILANC:
 Percent cover of *Sagittaria lancifolia* within each submodule - SALICARO:
 Percent cover of *Salix caroliniana* within each submodule - SAMOEBRA :
 Percent cover of *Samolus ebracteatus* within each submodule - SCHIGRAC:
 Percent cover of *Schizachyrium gracile* within each submodule - SCHIRHIZ:
 Percent cover of *Schizachyrium rhizomatum* within each submodule -
 SCHISANG: Percent cover of *Schizachyrium sanguineum* within each
 submodule - SCHONIGR: Percent cover of *Shoenus nigricans* within each
 submodule - SCLECILI: Percent cover of *Scleria ciliata* within each
 submodule - SCLEVERT: Percent cover of *Scleria verticillata* within each
 submodule - SELAARMA: Percent cover of *Selaginella eatonii* within each
 submodule - SENNMEXI: Percent cover of *Senna mexicana* var. *chapmanii*
 within each submodule - SEREREPE: Percent cover of *Serenoa repens* within
 each submodule - SETAPARV: Percent cover of *Setaria parvifolia* within
 each submodule - SIDAELLI: Percent cover of *Sida elliottii* within each
 submodule - SIDERECL: Percent cover of *Sideroxylon reclinatum* subsp.
 *austrofloridense* within each submodule - SIDESALI: Percent cover of
 *Sideroxylon salicifolium* within each submodule - SISYANGU: Percent cover
 of *Sisyrinchium angustifolium* within each submodule - SMILAURI: Percent
 cover of *Smilax auriculata* within each submodule - SMILBONA: Percent
 cover of *Smilax bona-nox* within each submodule - SOLADONI: Percent cover
 of *Solanum donianum* within each submodule - SOLILEAV: Percent cover of
 *Solidago leavenworthii* within each submodule - SOLIODOR: Percent cover
 of *Solidago odora* var. *chapmanii* within each submodule - SOLISTRI:
 Percent cover of *Solidago stricta* within each submodule - SORGSECU:
 Percent cover of *Sorghastrum secundum* within each submodule - SPARBAKE:
 Percent cover of *Spartina bakeri* within each submodule - SPERNEOT:
 Percent cover of *Spermacoce neoterminalis* within each submodule -
 SPIRVERN: Percent cover of *Spiranthes vernalis* within each submodule -
 STENDULC: Percent cover of *Stenandrium dulce* within each submodule -
 STILSYLV: Percent cover of *Stillingia sylvatica* within each submodule -
 STYLCALC : Percent cover of *Stylosanthes calcicola* within each submodule
 - SYMPADNA: Percent cover of *Symphyotrichum adnatum* within each
 submodule - SYMPBAHA: Percent cover of *Symphyotrichum bahamense* within
 each submodule - SYMPDUMO: Percent cover of *Sympyotrichum dumosum* within
 each submodule - SYMPSIMM: Percent cover of *Symphyotrichum simmondsii*
 within each submodule - SYMPTENU: Percent cover of *Symphyotrichum
 tenuifolium* within each submodule - TAXODIST: Percent cover of *Taxodium
 distichum* within each submodule - TEUCCANA: Percent cover of *Teucrium
 canadense* within each submodule - THELKUNT: Percent cover of *Thelypteris
 kunthi*i within each submodule - TIEDFILI: Percent cover of *Tiedemannia
 filiformis* subsp. *filiformis* within each submodule - TILLUTRI : Percent
 cover of *Tillandsia utriculata* within each submodule - TOXIRADI :
 Percent cover of *Toxicodendron radicans* within each submodule - TRAGSAXI
 : Percent cover of *Tragia saxicola* within each submodule - TREMMICR :
 Percent cover of *Trema micranth*a within each submodule - UTRIGIBB :
 Percent cover of *Utricularia gibba* within each submodule - VACHFARN:
 Percent cover of *Vachellia farnesiana* var. *pinetorum* within each
 submodule - VERNBLOD : Percent cover of *Vernonia blodgettii* within each
 submodule - VIGNLUTE: Percent cover of *Vigna luteola* within each
 submodule - VITIROTU: Percent cover of *Vitis rotundifolia* within each
 submodule - WALTINDI: Percent cover of *Waltheria indica* within each
 submodule - ZAMIINTE: Percent cover of *Zamia integrifolia* within each
 submodule #### File: LPK_Traits_Schneider_V1.csv **Description:**  #####
 Variables * SPP: Species code names * LA_mm: One-sided area of leaf
 (includes petiole) * LDMC_mm: The percent dry matter content of a leaf *
 SLA_mm: Specific leaf area (ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass) *
 IgniteINV: Rescaled and inverse form of Ignite. Lower values indicate that
 the sample took longer to ignite * Temp: The maximum temperature of a
 burning sample (Fahrenheit) * Temp_C: The maximum temperature of a burning
 sample (Celsius) * Time: The total duration a sample burned after
 extinguishing blowtorch * Percent: The percent biomass consumed by burning
 a sample * Ignite: Time it takes for sample to ignite. * Wetland: Wetland
 affiliation designated by the Department of Environmental Protection and
 the National Wetland Plant List * Form: Life form * S: The calculated
 ratio of the Stress-tolerant CSR strategy for each species * C: The
 calculated ratio of the Competitive CSR strategy for each species * R: The
 calculated ratio of the Ruderal CSR strategy for each ## Code/software We
 used R software version 4.2.3. Packages required to run the analyses
 include the glmmTMB, DHARMa, and ternary. We also used tidyverse and
 ggplot for easy functionality. To calculate the CSR life history values,
 we used the StrateFY excel spreadsheet. ## Access information Other
 publicly accessible locations of the data: * NA Data was derived from the
 following sources: * NA