cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17493
title: Exterior view of Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego, California, 1885

description: Photograph of the exterior view of Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego, California, 1885. The square bell tower rises on the right corner of the church and has a dome roof with a cross on top. The mission church roof is covered with Spanish-style tiles. The exterior corridor of an adjacent building has an arcade of arches that run to the left. Another cross is perched on the multicurved parapet over the main entry. Scrub grass grows on the predominantly flat surrounding grounds.; "Although the last mission to be founded in the south, San Luis Rey the 'King of the Missions' came to be the largest and richest of all. A great quadrangle was 500 feet on a side. An intricate aqueduct system supplied water for the mission and gardens as well as for pools used for bathing and laundry. In the year 1831 an incredible 16,000 cattle, 25,500 sheep and 2,150 horses graced the far-flung ranchos. 395,000 bushels of grain and 2,500 barrels of wine were produced by that same year. Mexico, once free from Spain, began to divide the spoils of the mission system. Governor Pio Pico and his brother alone appropriated 90,000 acres of Mission San Luis Rey land for themselves. By 1846 the last vestige of mission life had disappeared. Finally, the U. S. Government gathered the last of the Indians into a 'temporary' home on a reservation at Pala. They are still there, the only original site where Mission Indians are still ministered to. The original decree, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 18, 1861, which returned the mission buildings and a few surrounding acres to the Church, is displayed today in the mission museum. Even so, years of vandalism and neglect followed before Franciscans from Mexico returned in 1892, to begin a restoration which has recaptured much of the grandeur of old." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17494
title: View of the stairs to the choir loft at Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego, California, 1885

description: Photograph of a view of the stairs to the choir loft at Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego, California, 1885. The dilapidated stairs is situated next to the walls of the building. The lower parts of the adobe handrails has crumbled. The building is in similar dilapidated conditions. Near the stairs is a door (leading into the church?). In front of the large arched door and to the left is a fountain (or well?). Rocks and grass cover the ground areas. At left is a tree with a crate(?) beneath it.; "Although the last mission to be founded in the south, San Luis Rey the 'King of the Missions' came to be the largest and richest of all. A great quadrangle was 500 feet on a side. An intricate aqueduct system supplied water for the mission and gardens as well as for pools used for bathing and laundry. In the year 1831 an incredible 16,000 cattle, 25,500 sheep and 2,150 horses graced the far-flung ranchos. 395,000 bushels of grain and 2,500 barrels of wine were produced by that same year. Mexico, once free from Spain, began to divide the spoils of the mission system. Governor Pio Pico and his brother alone appropriated 90,000 acres of Mission San Luis Rey land for themselves. By 1846 the last vestige of mission life had disappeared. Finally, the U. S. Government gathered the last of the Indians into a 'temporary' home on a reservation at Pala. They are still there, the only original site where Mission Indians are still ministered to. The original decree, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 18, 1861, which returned the mission buildings and a few surrounding acres to the Church, is displayed today in the mission museum. Even so, years of vandalism and neglect followed before Franciscans from Mexico returned in 1892, to begin a restoration which has recaptured much of the grandeur of old." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17495
title: Exterior view of Mission San Luis Rey from the rear, showing the cemetery and mortuary chapel, San Diego, California, ca.1887

description: Photograph of the exterior view of Mission San Luis Rey from the rear, showing the cemetery and mortuary chapel, San Diego, California, ca.1887. The cemetery (at left) and nearby buildings, including the church (center), are in dilapidated condition. Rocks, twigs, and wild grass cover the cemetery lot. Picket-fence-like boundaries complemented with crosses can be seen near the mortuary chapel (possibly marking grave spots?). Parts of the dome roof and the wall of the nearby mortuary chapel have crumbled. Behind the mortuary chapel stands a tall dome-capped tower. Caption reads: "rear view of San Luis Rey Mission before renovation."; "Although the last mission to be founded in the south, San Luis Rey the 'King of the Missions' came to be the largest and richest of all. A great quadrangle was 500 feet on a side. An intricate aqueduct system supplied water for the mission and gardens as well as for pools used for bathing and laundry. In the year 1831 an incredible 16,000 cattle, 25,500 sheep and 2,150 horses graced the far-flung ranchos. 395,000 bushels of grain and 2,500 barrels of wine were produced by that same year. Mexico, once free from Spain, began to divide the spoils of the mission system. Governor Pio Pico and his brother alone appropriated 90,000 acres of Mission San Luis Rey land for themselves. By 1846 the last vestige of mission life had disappeared. Finally, the U. S. Government gathered the last of the Indians into a 'temporary' home on a reservation at Pala. They are still there, the only original site where Mission Indians are still ministered to. The original decree, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 18, 1861, which returned the mission buildings and a few surrounding acres to the Church, is displayed today in the mission museum. Even so, years of vandalism and neglect followed before Franciscans from Mexico returned in 1892, to begin a restoration which has recaptured much of the grandeur of old." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17496
title: Arches of the corridors at the southwest corner of Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego, 1885

description: Photograph of the arches of the corridors at Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego, California, 1885. The dilapidated arches used to form a covered arcade that created a boundary for the quadrangle (at left). The church and its tower are visible through the arches in the foreground. Scrub grass, rocks and fallen adobe bricks cover the uneven grounds of the mission.; "Although the last mission to be founded in the south, San Luis Rey the 'King of the Missions' came to be the largest and richest of all. A great quadrangle was 500 feet on a side. An intricate aqueduct system supplied water for the mission and gardens as well as for pools used for bathing and laundry. In the year 1831 an incredible 16,000 cattle, 25,500 sheep and 2,150 horses graced the far-flung ranchos. 395,000 bushels of grain and 2,500 barrels of wine were produced by that same year. Mexico, once free from Spain, began to divide the spoils of the mission system. Governor Pio Pico and his brother alone appropriated 90,000 acres of Mission San Luis Rey land for themselves. By 1846 the last vestige of mission life had disappeared. Finally, the U. S. Government gathered the last of the Indians into a 'temporary' home on a reservation at Pala. They are still there, the only original site where Mission Indians are still ministered to. The original decree, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 18, 1861, which returned the mission buildings and a few surrounding acres to the Church, is displayed today in the mission museum. Even so, years of vandalism and neglect followed before Franciscans from Mexico returned in 1892, to begin a restoration which has recaptured much of the grandeur of old." -- unknown author.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17497
title: Exterior view of Mission San Juan Capistrano from the north side, showing the south end of Father Serra's church (built 1777), Orange County, ca.1900

description: Photograph of an exterior view of Mission San Juan Capistrano from the north side, showing the south end of Father Serra's church (built 1777), Orange County, ca.1900. The mission buildings are in dilapidated condition. A majority of the stucco has peeled or deteriorated from the adobe brick walls. Holes and cracks are present in the walls. The Spanish-tiled roofs are uneven. Scrub grass grows wildly in the yard in the foreground. Picture file card reads: "South end of Father Serra's church, built 1777. Room to left with chimney built in 1798 as comedor or dining room of padres. To the right, ruined baptistery 'abd' burial place of Sgt. Don Jose Antonio Yorba I, who came to Alta, Calif. in 1769, founded the state's oldest Spanish Californian family and was buried here in 1825 at his own request. Native of Cataluna, Spain, 1885."
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17498
title: View of the ruined church building of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, from the south side of the quadrangle, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886

description: Photograph of a view of the ruined church building of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, from the south side of the quadrangle, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886. The Spanish tiles on the roof fo the church (center) have deteriorated enough to reveal the skeletal rib structure of the roof. The adobe walls appear to have been melted away by weather or disuse. The building to the left appears to be in better condition than the church. A majority of it roof tiles are intact. Scrub grass covers the uneven ground.; "San Fernando Mission Rey de Espana, seventeenth of the twenty-one missions founded by the Franciscans, was established on September 8, 1797. Its location was ideal, for it was in fertile country, and it was to become one of the major supply sources for the pueblo of Los Angeles (22 miles away) as it grew. The mission farms produced olives, dates, wheat, barley, corn, and other foods. It had 7000 sheep and many other livestock. The secularization that took place in 1834 was, of course, disastrous. The buildings fell into disuse and were vandalized for their building materials. During the Mexican-American War most of the mission lands, covering much of the San Fernando Valley, were sold for $14,000; John C. Fremont used the mission as his headquarters. Following the war the missions were returned to the Catholic Church, but the deterioration continued. Today, the convent buildings dating to the mission days remain. The church, damaged severely in the 1971 Sylmar earthquake, was demolished, and an exact replica built." -- unknown author, ca.2002.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17499
title: View of the ruined buildings of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, from the rear, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886

description: Photograph of a view of the ruined buildings of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, from the rear, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886. Parts of the roof have collapsed inward at the center of the building in view. The portion of the wall under the collapsed roof is now a pile of mud in front of the building. The ground is littered with roof tiles, shards of roof tiles, and pieces of adobe bricks. The horn of an unidentified animal is visible in the foreground.; "San Fernando Mission Rey de Espana, seventeenth of the twenty-one missions founded by the Franciscans, was established on September 8, 1797. Its location was ideal, for it was in fertile country, and it was to become one of the major supply sources for the pueblo of Los Angeles (22 miles away) as it grew. The mission farms produced olives, dates, wheat, barley, corn, and other foods. It had 7000 sheep and many other livestock. The secularization that took place in 1834 was, of course, disastrous. The buildings fell into disuse and were vandalized for their building materials. During the Mexican-American War most of the mission lands, covering much of the San Fernando Valley, were sold for $14,000; John C. Fremont used the mission as his headquarters. Following the war the missions were returned to the Catholic Church, but the deterioration continued. Today, the convent buildings dating to the mission days remain. The church, damaged severely in the 1971 Sylmar earthquake, was demolished, and an exact replica built." -- unknown author, ca.2002.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17500
title: View from the corridor of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana showing its external surroundings and a fountain, Mission Hills, California, 1886

description: Photograph of a view from the corridor of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana showing its external surroundings and a fountain, Mission Hills, California, 1886. The tall corridor (or arcade?) is constructed of wooden beams supporting the roof structure, large arches made of adobe bricks, and stucco to cover the adobe bricks. The structure appears to be in dilapidated condition. A plank lies next to several large rocks (possibly used as a bench?) a few yards away to the left. Outside of the corridor is a fountain (at right). Parts of ruined walls are visible in the distance.; "San Fernando Mission Rey de Espana, seventeenth of the twenty-one missions founded by the Franciscans, was established on September 8, 1797. Its location was ideal, for it was in fertile country, and it was to become one of the major supply sources for the pueblo of Los Angeles (22 miles away) as it grew. The mission farms produced olives, dates, wheat, barley, corn, and other foods. It had 7000 sheep and many other livestock. The secularization that took place in 1834 was, of course, disastrous. The buildings fell into disuse and were vandalized for their building materials. During the Mexican-American War most of the mission lands, covering much of the San Fernando Valley, were sold for $14,000; John C. Fremont used the mission as his headquarters. Following the war the missions were returned to the Catholic Church, but the deterioration continued. Today, the convent buildings dating to the mission days remain. The church, damaged severely in the 1971 Sylmar earthquake, was demolished, and an exact replica built." -- unknown author, ca.2002.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m14496
title: Cannon, sword, machete and metal lamp from the first Father Junipero Serra's first California expedition, 18th century

description: Photograph of cannon, sword, machete and metal lamp brought on the California expedition by the soldiers that accompanied Father Junipero Serra's, 18th century. The cannon and lamp are sitting on a chest. The sword and machete are hanging from the wall behind them.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17501
title: View of cacti bed north of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886

description: Photograph of a view of cacti bed north of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886. Clusters of Opuntia-type cacti form the cacti bed (at left). Several trees are visible in the foreground. In the distance, a line of trees run parallel to the church and other buildings of the mission.; "San Fernando Mission Rey de Espana, seventeenth of the twenty-one missions founded by the Franciscans, was established on September 8, 1797. Its location was ideal, for it was in fertile country, and it was to become one of the major supply sources for the pueblo of Los Angeles (22 miles away) as it grew. The mission farms produced olives, dates, wheat, barley, corn, and other foods. It had 7000 sheep and many other livestock. The secularization that took place in 1834 was, of course, disastrous. The buildings fell into disuse and were vandalized for their building materials. During the Mexican-American War most of the mission lands, covering much of the San Fernando Valley, were sold for $14,000; John C. Fremont used the mission as his headquarters. Following the war the missions were returned to the Catholic Church, but the deterioration continued. Today, the convent buildings dating to the mission days remain. The church, damaged severely in the 1971 Sylmar earthquake, was demolished, and an exact replica built." -- unknown author, ca.2002.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17502
title: Exterior view of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, showing the church and bell tower in dilapidated condition, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886

description: Photograph of the exterior view of Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, showing the church and bell tower in dilapidated condition, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886. The church is the furthest building on the left. Adjoined to it is the bell tower. Columns and pillars form a line to the right in front of what used to be an arcade. The roofs of the church and the bell tower are in poor condition. Most of the tiles have fallen or deteriorated revealing the skeletal framework of the roof. The roof of the arcade is almost nonexistent. Scrub grass covers the grounds in front of the mission.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17503
title: Portrait of Father Aquire Liebana looking out from a barred window at Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, Los Angeles, ca.1880-1900

description: Photographic portrait of Father Aquire Liebana looking out from a barred window at Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, Los Angeles, ca.1880-1900. He is resting his chin on the knuckles of his right hand with his index finger pressed into his cheek. In his other hand he holds a Spanish newspaper, "La Union Catolica". He has on spectacles, dark clothing and the light-colored cuffs of his shirt is showing.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17504
title: The ancient side alter at Mission San Buenaventura, Ventura, California, ca.1885

description: Photograph of the ancient side alter at Mission San Buenaventura, Ventura, California, ca.1885. The alter consisting of five sculptures and painted decorations depicts the scene of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ (center). Flanking the crucifixion scene are the statues the Virgin Mary and Joseph(?). Perched on consoles and flanking all three statues are two other statues depicting figures in togas (or robes?). Candles and framed documents (or plaques?) are laid on the steps below the statues of the Virgin Mary and Joseph.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17505
title: Exterior stairway leading to the choir loft of the adobe church at San Gabriel Mission, San Gabriel, ca.1885

description: Photograph of the exterior stairway leading to the choir loft of the adobe church at San Gabriel Mission, San Gabriel, ca.1885. The fired(?) brick or stone steps are deeply grooved with wear. The support walls are made of adobe with much of its stucco worn off. Metal handrails surround the stair landing at top. Two large buttresses provide support for the church wall.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17506
title: Ruins of the original San Gabriel Mission, about six miles west of its later location, San Gabriel, California, ca.1885

description: Photograph of a view of the ruins of the original San Gabriel Mission, about six miles east of a later (ca.1775) location, San Gabriel, California, ca.1885. The corn stalks(?) growing in the field (foreground) surrounds the ruins of the original mission. Grass(?) is growing at the top of the ruined walls. A fence made of tall sticks is still standing (at right).
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17507
title: Interior view of the church at Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886

description: Photograph of the interior view of the church at Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana, Mission Hills, California, ca.1886. The church features a 20-25 feet tall ceiling and walls with large arched recesses and supporting buttresses. A majority of the roof has collapsed or deteriorated allowing sunshine to seep through its large holes. Nature is reclaiming its territory by sprouting wild grass and bushes inside the structure. A priest stands near a large doorway. The ground is littered with rocks, twigs and adobe bricks.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17508
title: Portrait of a young Navajo Indian girl weaving a blanket, ca.1900

description: Photographic portrait of a young Navajo Indian girl weaving a blanket, ca.1900. The girl can be seen wearing a polka-dot dress and several bead necklaces. She is visible looking to the right while sitting on a fur rug. In front of her is a loom, which she uses a wooden stick to weave through. Ropes, attached to logs, hold up the loom. To her left is basket sitting next to a chopped down pine(?) tree.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m17509
title: Portrait of an older Navajo Indian woman and a young Navajo Indian girl weaving blankets, ca.1908

description: Photographic portrait of an older Navajo Indian woman and a young Navajo Indian girl weaving blankets, ca.1908. The girl is visible at right wearing a polka-dot dress and several bead necklaces. She sits on a fur rug in front of a loom, which she uses a wooden stick to weave through. Likewise, the older lady has a larger version of the loom at left where she weaves a much larger blanket. Ropes attached to pine tree branches hold up the looms. In the corner of the room is a basket.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m13876
title: Close-up of a Squaw dress made by a Hopi man, ca.1900

description: Photograph of a close-up of a Squaw dress made by a Hopi man, ca.1900. The top part of the dress has striped patterns running vertically and triangular shapes across it. Triangle shapes, pictures of a duck(?) and a stripe patterns are woven into the bottom portion of the dress. On a neutral background.
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m3867
title: Interior of the Los Angeles Plaza Church showing relics, ca.1900

description: Photograph of the interior of the Los Angeles Plaza church showing relics including candles, paintings, books, bells, etc., ca.1900. A box on two pedestals reads "Petitions to the".
DOI: 10.25549/chs-m8266
title: Exterior view of the California state capital building from the rear of the building, Sacramento, ca.1920

description: Photograph of the exterior view of the California state capital building from the rear of the building, Sacramento, ca.1920. The Italian-Renaissance-Revival-style state capitol building is approximately six-stories tall. It features a balustrade that wraps around the roof structure of the building. At the center of the building stands a dome tower. The courtyard surrounding the building is decorated with a variety of trees and flowers.; "Construction began in 1860--just 12 years after the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill--on a four square block site which had been occupied by several private homes. The property was purchased with tax money raised by the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors. Over the next four years, architect Reuben Clark managed to get the walls up nine feet above the foundation. Floods in 1861 and 1862 slowed construction, forcing construction crews to haul wheelbarrows of dirt to raise the structure 15 feet. Funding for the project was piecemeal, but Clark signed a statement May 18, 1862 stating it could be built to his specifications for $500,000. Funds were provided by a legislature which met only two months every two years--so building progressed until funds ran out, then stopped until the next legislative session. That undoubtedly added to the frustration, which drove Clark into a Stockton mental institution where he died in 1866. According to records uncovered in the hospital's files, the cause of insanity was diagnosed as 'continued and close attention to the building of the state capitol in Sacramento'. Gordon P. Cummings took over as supervising architect, and was in charge of the project until he finished the job in 1874. Total cost of the project was $2.5 million. The first major alteration took place from 1906 through 1908. A fourth floor was added to the remainder of the building by gutting the chambers, taking the roof off the building, installing new steel trusses, and redesigning the senate and assembly chambers. The building remained much that way until the Depression years of the 1930's, when people began making more demands on government. Then, a mezzanine floor was added. World War II, with its population boom, brought about the most major alteration of the capitol: the addition of the East Wing, around 1952." -- unknown author.