cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/67c95112-edee-435f-9355-9d8bab3a5634
title: Herbivory rates, species traits and leaf traits across symbiotic nitrogen-fixing and non-fixing species from a Panamanian tropical forest, 2007-2019

description: This dataset contains measurements of herbivory and the potential controls on herbivory for nitrogen-fixing and non-fixing trees in a mature tropical forest of Panama. Data include herbivory measures on 1,626 leaves from 350 seedlings belonging to 43 species, 23 nitrogen-fixing species, 20 non-fixing species. Herbivory metrics are presented at the leaf and seedling level. The data also includes leaf chemical and physical traits hypothesized to influence herbivory at the species level, and seedling-level traits such as stem length and growth rate. Data were collected in 2017 by measuring leaf area missing on seedlings in the BCI 50 ha plot seedling census in order to determine whether fixers have higher rates of herbivory than non-fixers, and what traits govern herbivory. Data were collected by W. Barker, S.J. Wright, L. Comita, B. Sedio and colleagues.

Funders of research generating the data include the Natural Environment Research Council, U.S. National Science Foundation, Leverhulme Trust, British Council, Society of Experimental Biology Company of Biologists, University of Leeds Priestly International Centre for Climate and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
description: Leaf herbivory data was collected by W. Barker in the 50 ha plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) in 2017 and 2018, using a portable document scanner to scan leaves and the image analysis program ImageJ to quantify leaf area lost to herbivory. Standing herbivory was measured on mature leaves and herbivory rate was measured by following herbivory levels on young leaves over three months. 

These leaf and seedling level herbivory measurements were used to predict species level mean herbivory. 

The leaf and seedling level herbivory measurements were combined with pre-existing leaf trait data at the species level provided by S. J. Wright, leaf chemical similarity data at the species level provided by B. Sedio and, stem length and growth rate data at the seedling level provided by L. Comita.
DOI: 10.5285/11bad517-507b-4b8f-9944-2c2e16e4e8c6
title: Field transplant of two contrasting Senecio wildflower species across an elevational gradient on Mount Etna, Sicily 2017

description: This dataset contains survival, growth and leaf morphology data for multiple clones of c. 40 genotypes of two species of Senecio. The two Senecio species are native to low (S. chrysanthemifolius) and high elevations (S. aethnensis) on Mount Etna. Genotypes were propagated in a glasshouse and multiple clones of each genotype were then transplanted at four elevations (500m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m) on Mount Etna in June-July 2017 before measurements were taken. 
description: For the morphological measurements, leaves were scanned and the software Lamina used to generate the measurements. Survival was measured by checking for dead plants regularly and then calculating the total days that each plant survived following their initial transplant. To measure growth, in November (c. 4-5 months after the initial transplant) plant height was measured (in mm) using a ruler.
DOI: 10.5285/b33aff78-63d6-46a2-9353-93f45293a383
title: Chytrid fungus and ranavirus coinfection data in multi-host mesocosm communities

description: The dataset contains values on the prevalence and mean intensity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection and ranavirus (Rv) infections in different combinations of common frog (Rana temporaria) and common toad (Bufo bufo)  during mesocosm experiments executed in the summer of 2018, at the Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
description: Experimental communities were composed of toad tadpoles, common frog tadpoles, or a 50/50 mixed species community and assigned one of four exposure regimes, which were broken into 2 phases according to pathogen type.  

(i) Control: Phase 1 - 6 x sham exposure to sterile media, sham 2 – 1 x sham exposure
(ii) Bd only: Phase 1 - 6 x 150,000 Bd zoospores, phase 2 – single sham exposure
(iii) Rv only: Phase 1 - 6 x sham exposure, phase 2 – single Rv exposure
(iv) Co-infection: 6 x 150,000 Bd zoospores, phase 2 – single Rv exposure

For phase one, Bd zoospores in media or the same volume of sterile media (control) were introduced  into the tanks. Phase 2 control tanks received three Rv-negative corpses. For phase three, Rv-positive larval common frog corpses  were introduced into treatment tanks.
DOI: 10.5285/19a8083b-afa4-40b9-91bf-7a529eea870d
title: Tensile strength and concentrations of E. coli colonising three types of wet wipes in a sand mesocosm

description: In this mesocosm study, three types of wet wipes (plastic containing, and home and commercially compostable) colonised with E. coli were buried in beach sand and their degradation, tensile strength, and concentration of E. coli was quantified over 15 weeks. 
Wipes were firstly passed through a series of treatments to simulate their journey from the bathroom to the beach. Water characteristics (pH, salinity) of these water types were measured.

description: At weekly timepoints (for 15 weeks), four of each wet wipe type were randomly selected, and removed from the mesocosm using sterile forceps. The loosely adhering sand was shaken off and each wet wipe transferred into a sterile glass vial containing 20 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Vials were then vortexed at 1500 rpm for 5 min and E. coli enumerated by filtering the PBS through 0.45 μm filters, which were placed onto selective media and incubated at 37°C. The wet wipes were removed from the glass vials and left to dry overnight. The following day, a 50 N digital force meter was used to quantify tensile strength by measuring the force required to break each wipe. Wipes were also photographed to determine degradation visually.
Background bacterial concentrations were measured by filtering 100 ml water through 0.45 μm cellulose acetate membranes and placed onto selective media.
DOI: 10.5285/6e4c5823-35f5-4c90-b616-2190d87c0391
title: Testis and accessory gland size, and fertility estimated from fertile egg counts of male sex-ratio meiotic drive and wildtype Teleopsis dalmanni

description: The data contain phenotype measures of Teleopsis dalmanni males. Individuals were all taken from a laboratory stock population. Individuals carried either a nondistorting wildtype X chromosome or a sex-ratio distorting X chromosome. Data were obtained by measuring images of testes, accessory glands, thorax and eyespan, and direct counts of fertilised (hatched) and unfertilised egg. 
description: All data were generated by the authors. All size measures were quality checked and images were re-measured if necessary.
DOI: 10.5285/518f88df-bfe7-442e-97ad-922b5aef003a
title: Radionuclide data for vertebrates in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

description: Data comprise radionuclide concentrations in soils and a range of terrestrial vertebrate species (reptiles, small mammals and birds) sampled in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) between 1999 and 2008. Reptiles were collected in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2007, birds, bats, and small mammals were collected in 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008. Dose rate data are provided for one study, both as ambient dose rate measurements and also as recorded by thermoluminescent dosimeters attached to small mammal species. The isotopes measured include: Americium-241, Caesium-134 and 137, Cobalt-60, Europium-154 and 155, Potassium-40, Plutonium-238, -239 and -240, Strontium-90. The data were used to assess the concentration of radioactive contamination in soil, consequent uptake of radionuclides by wildlife living in the CEZ and to test prediction of the ERICA Tool assessment model.

The data were used to assess the uptake of radionuclides by wildlife living in the CEZ and to derive transfer parameters, and also to test predictions of the assessment model the ‘ERICA Tool’.
description: Reptiles were trapped at two sites: 'Red Forest 1' and 'Red Forest2'. Red Forest 1 was approximately 2.6 km south west from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant; trapping occurred over a triangular area of circa 0.15 km2 . Red Forest 2 was approximately 2.7 km south west from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant; and trapping occurred over a square shaped area of circa 0.01 km2. Lacerta agilis were caught in Shermann traps; Natrix natrix were caught by hand. Soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected at  Red Forest 1 in June 2001 and at Red Forest 2 in May 2007. 

Small mammals were trapped (and released in most cases) at three forest sites with differing soil radionuclide activity concentrations (Low, Medium and High) in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. At each site small mammal traps were located in a 100 m x 100 m study area. Soil samples (0-10 cm) were also sampled at these sites. Animals were fitted with thermoluminescent dosimeters.

A range of passerine bird species were collected by mist nets during June 2005, euthanised and retained frozen.  Three species of bats were also collected from the sites during the period May and June 2008 using mist nets. After being euthanised the samples were stored frozen whilst awaiting analyses.
DOI: 10.5285/b11c040d-c3c0-43c5-a7c0-442b067dc526
title: Climate change projections and drought assessments for the Mun River basin, northeast Thailand 2021-2050

description: This dataset provides the projections of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts for the near-future period (2021-2050) for the Mun River basin, in Northeast Thailand. Near future drought characteristics (duration, intensity, and severity) are projected for climate change (CC) scenario using 8 CMIP6 climate models (CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-CM6-1-HR, EC-Earth3P, EC-Earth3P-HR, HadGEM3-GC31-HH, HadGEM3-GC31-HM, HadGEM3-GC31-MM, HadGEM3-GC31-LL) for SSP5-8.5 scenario. 
description: The raw climate data were accessed from the "Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF)" portal in December 2020. Climate data were re-gridded to 0.25 degrees using bilinear interpolation. Climate data has been bias-corrected using the Quantile mapping method with reference to 1981-2010 period observations. Bias correction of rainfall data is carried out using empirical distribution, which avoids assumptions about distribution fitting and corrects rainfall intensity and frequency. This method is more effective in reducing biases than using a theoretical distribution. For future rainfall values larger than those during the reference period, a correction factor for the highest quantile is used. Bias correction of temperature is carried out by fitting in a normal distribution.
DOI: 10.5285/e53b2c4f-fc2e-47a9-b5b7-cc3a59f790ac
title: Three-dimensional surface scans of the beaks of specimens of Chaffinches and other passerine birds 

description: The data consists of 3D surface scans of the beaks of 662 museum specimens of sixteen species (representing fifteen families of passerine birds: Fringillidae, Ploceidae, Passeridae, Viduidae, Thraupidae, Estrildidae, Artamidae, Cardinalidae, Sittidae, Prunellidae, Motacillidae, Emberizidae, Alaudidae, Cinclidae, Bombycillidae). Each species has scans from between 23 and 31 specimens with the exception of chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), with scans from 230 specimens representing fourteen subspecies.
description: The data were generated using a MechScan Macro 3D structured white light scanner. All scans were taken at the Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring. Scans were processed using FlexScan3D and output as ply format files. Linear measurement data (see metadata file) were collected using digital callipers and additional data transcribed from specimen labels.
DOI: 10.5285/22033a6c-72bf-4e4d-949c-481d4a2606ab
title: The effects of intergroup conflict on collective defence behaviour in banded mongooses in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda, 2016-2017

description: This is a dataset on defensive behaviour in response to simulated intergroup conflict in banded mongooses, collected from a wild population of banded mongooses on the Mweya Peninsula, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda between 2016-2017. We experimentally simulated conflict between rival social groups of banded mongooses and recorded data on behavioural responses including interaction with the stimulus, defensive behaviours such as standing upright, scent marking, and attacking, and the cohesion of behavioural responses within the group. These data were collected to examine collective defence behaviour in the face of intergroup conflict.
description: Intergroup threat was experimentally simulated by presenting a series of stimuli from a rival group to a focal group during field experiments conducted between March 2016 and May 2017. The stimuli included a presentation of rival group faeces, a playback of rival group ‘war cries’, and a presentation of rival males in traps. In addition, presentations of own group stimuli were performed as control trials. Trials were video recorded and later analysed to record data on the behavioural responses of the group to simulated threat. We scan sampled group members at 30 second intervals following the presentation of stimuli for three minutes. We measured the proportion of individuals in the group that approached the stimulus, and the proportion of the group that exhibited defensive behaviours. We also calculated a metric of diversity in behavioural responses (a Shannon-Weiner diversity index, or H-index) to measure group cohesion. The H-index quantifies the distribution of behavioural responses among individuals. We also recorded data on the location of the trials (in the core or periphery of group territory), and total group size.
DOI: 10.5285/84b3b580-acbf-487d-bf44-c21bc2cf12ee
title: The percentage of total agricultural area under maize, rice, wheat, vegetables, pulses and fruit production, by country, subject to water scarcity in 2050 as estimated from a multi-model ensemble

description: Projections of global changes in water scarcity with the current extent of  maize, rice, wheat, vegetables, pulses and fruit production commodities were combined to identify the potential country level vulnerabilities of cropland land to water scarcity in 2050. The data relate to an analysis of the impact changes in water availability will have on  maize, rice, wheat, vegetables, pulses and fruit production commodities availability in 2050.


description: Global maps, of the change in annual runoff (%) and water scarcity (index value between 1 – 4, where 1 represents not water scarce and 4 is severely water scarce) were as estimated based on projections from 5 different general circulation models/ global climate models (GCMs) were obtained directly from Prof. N. Arnell (University of Reading).
Global maps of the current cropland area were directly downloaded from www.earthstat.org, which is an open access platform that hosts the most up to date versions of data. Maps of croplands were created based on a mixture of satellite derived data mixed with national, state and country census statistics, and were expressed on a global 5 arc-minute grid.
Data used in this study was collected from several sources and cited in the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/0ffd647a-f5fc-457d-8ede-2cd5bf40f32b
title: Freshwater macroinvertebrate community data, stream discharge, and hyporheic fine sediment mass in experimental channels recovering over a four-month period from a prior drought in 2022

description: The 3Rs experimental study investigated how trajectories of recovery following a prolonged drought were affected by the prior sediment composition and fine sediment loading.  On each of six sampling occasions between December 2022 and March 2023 (Days 1, 8, 13, 29, 57 & 113 following resumption of flow), in each of 12 replicate experimental channels, we collected data on the macroinvertebrate communities on the stream bed surface (benthos), 10cm below the surface of stream bed (hyperheos), and potential colonists dispersing into each of the channels from upstream (drift) and from the aerial insect community (malaise traps).  On each occasion we also measured discharge in each of 12 experimental channels as well as the quantity of fine sediment entrained within the stream bed (hyporheic fines).

The dataset being deposited contains the following elements:
•	Abundance records for discrete taxa found in samples of the:
o	Dry bed sediment - 2.5 kg of bed sediment removed and examined for any macroinvertebrates still persisting in the drying stream bed.
o	Re-wetted bed sediment – 2.5 kg of bed sediment removed and retained to identify invertebrates that emerge from the sediments on each sampling day (related article for experimental rehydration of dewatered sediments method description).
o	Benthos - Surber sample (330 µm mesh size) of 0.0225m2 area for 30 seconds.  A Surber taken from upstream, middle and downstream thirds of the channel length on each occasion.
o	Hyperheos - 500ml of water extracted using 60ml syringe from standpipes set 10cm below stream bed surface.  A sample taken from upstream, middle and downstream thirds of the channel length on each occasion.
o	Drift - Nets (330 µm mesh size) deployed for 24hrs at upstream end of each channel.  
o	Aerial communities – Malaise traps deployed bankside for 5 days.
•	Stream discharge (m3s-1)– stream velocity measured with Valeport 801 Electromagnetic Flowmeter.
•	Mass of hyporheic fine sediment (gl-1) – dry mass of fine sediment extracted with the 500ml hyporheic sample.
The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X016706/1).

description: All macroinvertebrates were identified and counted by experienced freshwater taxonomists in The Queen Mary University of London River Communities Group.  Hyporheic fine sediments were oven-dried at 60°C for 48 hours before being weighed on a Sartorius balance (to 0.001 g precision).
DOI: 10.5285/e9baffd1-18ad-435e-94e2-01e49c14c547
title: Soil properties and soil greenhouse gas emissions in biochar-amended bioenergy soils undergoing long term field incubation

description: Data collected during field and laboratory experiments to investigate the long-term effects of biochar application to soil on greenhouse gas emissions in a bioenergy plantation (Miscanthus X. giganteus). Analysis included monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)), soil physical (bulk density and soil moisture ) and soil chemical analyses (total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), extractable ammonium and nitrate). Biochar was applied to plots in a bioenergy plantation and emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were measured over a two-year period. In addition a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted on soil taken from the Miscanthus field amended with field-incubated biochar to assess the effect on greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar is a carbon rich substances which is being advocated as a climate mitigation tool to increase carbon sequestration and reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
description: Twenty soil cores were collected from a field site in Lincolnshire in March 2011, three weeks after planting and Nitrogen fertiliser addition. Soil cores of 150-180 millimetre (mm) depth, containing approximately 1.6 kilogram soil (dry weight) were extracted in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes (height 215 mm depth 102 mm) and stored at 4 degrees centigrade for 30 days. A four-treatment factorial experiment was designed using soils un-amended or amended with biochar and un-wetted or wetted with deionised water (5 replicates per treatment). Soil in all the cores was mixed to 7 centimetre (cm) depth. To half of the cores, biochar (less than 2 mm) was mixed into the soil at a rate of 3 percent soil dry weight (approximately 22 tons per hectare (t ha-1)). After allowing for any potential Carbon dioxide (CO2) flush from newly-mixed soil to equilibrate for seven days, the cores were placed at 16 degrees centigrade in the dark. Un-wetted soil cores were maintained at 23 percent Gravimetric moisture content (GMC), whilst the GMC of 'wetted' soil cores was increased to 28 percent GMC at the time zero (t0) of four wetting events on day 17, 46, 67 and 116. These water addition rates were based on mean and maximum monthly soil GMC measured in the field between 2009-2010.
DOI: 10.5285/fe2ba292-08b0-428c-8e27-8c851a4a8bbc
title: Measurements of microarthropod community structure and diversity from an upland grassland experimental site [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: Data comprises patterns of diversity in a below-ground community of microarthropods (mites and collembola), measured during a nutrient (calcium and nitrogen) manipulation experiment, located at the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Soil Biodiversity Site in Sourhope, Scotland, UK.

Data collected include abundance of microarthropods, and also microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, wet pH using de-ionised water, soil loss on ignition, dry root biomass, total carbon and nitrogen content of soil and roots and soil moisture content.

The data were collected as a component of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme, established in 1999 and centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute)'s farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders. During this time, the site was monitored to assess changes in aboveground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute)'s farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders. Soil samples were collected by students and staff at the experimental site in 1999 and 2000 before being processed according to standard protocols. Data were then transferred to the programme data manager at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/1e9993ae-add7-497a-b54b-745b0fc6a7ca
title: Termite abundance and ecosystem processes in Maliau Basin, 2015-2016

description: This dataset consists of invertebrate abundance data and associated ecosystem measurements (Including  leaf litter depth and mass, seedlings, soil moisture and nutrients, and rainfall) measured within an area of lowland, old growth dipterocarp rainforest in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia between 2015 and 2016.  Data were collected during a collaborative project which was included in the NERC Human-modified tropical forest (HMTF) programme.
description: Data were collected from a field site in a dipterocarp rainforest in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia. For further details, please see the supporting documentation.