cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923660.v1
title: Factors associated with the choice of a second specialty among internal medicine residency graduates

description: Abstract: Introduction: After the residency in Internal Medicine, most graduates choose to undergo a new selection process to obtain a second specialty. The phenomenon of early specialization is encouraged as early as in the undergraduate course. Despite this, the demand for general practitioners is growing. Objective: To investigate the factors that lead the newly graduated clinician to undertake a new residency. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzes the responses of Internal Medicine residency graduates from the state of Pernambuco in 2020, through a questionnaire available online by Google Forms, containing questions about social aspects, undergraduate medical course, Medical Residency and intentions for the future career. Results: There were 81 responses of the 104 possible participants (77.88%). Most of these were female (66.67%), graduated from public universities (69.14%) and had already started the Internal Medicine residency shortly after graduation (50.62%). Regarding the specialty choice, 51.85% answered they had decided in the second year of residency, and 80.25% stated that they had undergone the selection process for the second specialty shortly after completing the Internal Medicine residency. The most often chosen career was Cardiology (20%). The factors most often associated with the choice of specialty were, according to the means on the Likert scale, “work in an outpatient setting”, “long-term patient follow-up”, and “more contact with patients”. Conclusion: As far as it could be investigated in the literature, this was the first Brazilian study on specialty choices after the Internal Medicine residency. It was possible to identify the most important reasons for choosing a second specialty among the graduates of this Medical Residency program in Pernambuco in 2020. More studies are needed to establish correlations between the factors of choice with the chosen specialty.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923664.v1
title: Second-order conflicts in the East Axis of the São Francisco River Integration Project: an analysis through Causal Chain Methodology

description: ABSTRACT Water conflicts are due to water scarcity, especially to the inefficiency of water management. The São Francisco River Basin Integration Project (PISF) has been developed aiming to transfer water to the semiarid region of Brazil. However, the problems in the execution of the PISF works brought, with the arrival of water, second-order conflicts. The research analyzes the consequences of the accelerated arrival of the waters which have been transferred to the East Axis of PISF, in the state of Paraíba, in order to avoid the collapse in the Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir (REP), responsible for supplying the city of Campina Grande and region. Water users upstream of the REP had their supply hampered by the PISF works. Methodologically, the research adopts Causal Chain Analysis to identify the causes of the problem. The solutions point to the need to complete repairs to the reservoirs located upstream of the REP and to protect the affected population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923664
title: Second-order conflicts in the East Axis of the São Francisco River Integration Project: an analysis through Causal Chain Methodology

description: ABSTRACT Water conflicts are due to water scarcity, especially to the inefficiency of water management. The São Francisco River Basin Integration Project (PISF) has been developed aiming to transfer water to the semiarid region of Brazil. However, the problems in the execution of the PISF works brought, with the arrival of water, second-order conflicts. The research analyzes the consequences of the accelerated arrival of the waters which have been transferred to the East Axis of PISF, in the state of Paraíba, in order to avoid the collapse in the Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir (REP), responsible for supplying the city of Campina Grande and region. Water users upstream of the REP had their supply hampered by the PISF works. Methodologically, the research adopts Causal Chain Analysis to identify the causes of the problem. The solutions point to the need to complete repairs to the reservoirs located upstream of the REP and to protect the affected population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19905512.v1
title: Effect of rhBMP-2 applied with a 3D-printed titanium implant on new bone formation in rabbit calvarium

description: Abstract Objective This study sought to compare the biocompatibility of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed titanium implant with a conventional machined titanium product, as well as the effect of such implant applied with recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type 2 (rhBMP-2) for guided bone regeneration. Methodology Disk-shaped titanium specimens fabricated either by the conventional machining technique or by the 3D-printing technique were compared by MC3T3-E1 cells cytotoxicity assay. New bone formation was evaluated using a rapid prototype titanium cap applied to the calvaria of 10 rabbits, which were divided into two groups: one including an atelopeptide collagen plug on one side of the cap (group I) and the other including a plug with rhBMP-2 on the other side (group II). At six and 12 weeks after euthanasia, rabbits calvaria underwent morphometric analysis through radiological and histological examination. Results Through the cytotoxicity assay, we identified a significantly higher number of MC3T3-E1 cells in the 3D-printed specimen when compared to the machined specimen after 48 hours of culture. Moreover, morphometric analysis indicated significantly greater bone formation at week 12 on the side where rhBMP-2 was applied when evaluating the upper portion immediately below the cap. Conclusion The results suggest that 3D-printed titanium implant applied with rhBMP-2 enables new bone formation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19905512
title: Effect of rhBMP-2 applied with a 3D-printed titanium implant on new bone formation in rabbit calvarium

description: Abstract Objective This study sought to compare the biocompatibility of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed titanium implant with a conventional machined titanium product, as well as the effect of such implant applied with recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type 2 (rhBMP-2) for guided bone regeneration. Methodology Disk-shaped titanium specimens fabricated either by the conventional machining technique or by the 3D-printing technique were compared by MC3T3-E1 cells cytotoxicity assay. New bone formation was evaluated using a rapid prototype titanium cap applied to the calvaria of 10 rabbits, which were divided into two groups: one including an atelopeptide collagen plug on one side of the cap (group I) and the other including a plug with rhBMP-2 on the other side (group II). At six and 12 weeks after euthanasia, rabbits calvaria underwent morphometric analysis through radiological and histological examination. Results Through the cytotoxicity assay, we identified a significantly higher number of MC3T3-E1 cells in the 3D-printed specimen when compared to the machined specimen after 48 hours of culture. Moreover, morphometric analysis indicated significantly greater bone formation at week 12 on the side where rhBMP-2 was applied when evaluating the upper portion immediately below the cap. Conclusion The results suggest that 3D-printed titanium implant applied with rhBMP-2 enables new bone formation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923669
title: Numerical treatment and experimental tests of phenol removal in batch and fixed bed column using activated carbon

description: ABSTRACT In this study, the kinetics and adsorption isotherms of phenol present in synthetic effluents were obtained in a batch reactor and fixed bed column, using adsorbent coconut shell activated carbon. The objective was to obtain the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the process to simulate different operating conditions in a fixed bed adsorption column. The influence of the pH, adsorbent mass, initial phenol concentration, and three different temperatures for the batch reactor tests were evaluated. It was possible to work on the natural pH of the solution and the temperature increase indicated exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous adsorption. Both isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) represented the experimental data (R2 ≈ 0.9). Approximate values of maximum adsorption capacity were found for the batch reactor and for the fixed bed column (qmax = 41.69 mg g-1 for the batch reactor and qmax = 41.98 mg g-1 for the fixed bed column). The Finite Volume method was used in the discretization of the mathematical equations and a computational algorithm was implemented in FORTRAN programming language. The computational code was validated with experimental data of this work (mean error of 13%) and it was possible to simulate different operational conditions of the fixed bed column adsorption system for future industrial applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923669.v1
title: Numerical treatment and experimental tests of phenol removal in batch and fixed bed column using activated carbon

description: ABSTRACT In this study, the kinetics and adsorption isotherms of phenol present in synthetic effluents were obtained in a batch reactor and fixed bed column, using adsorbent coconut shell activated carbon. The objective was to obtain the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the process to simulate different operating conditions in a fixed bed adsorption column. The influence of the pH, adsorbent mass, initial phenol concentration, and three different temperatures for the batch reactor tests were evaluated. It was possible to work on the natural pH of the solution and the temperature increase indicated exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous adsorption. Both isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) represented the experimental data (R2 ≈ 0.9). Approximate values of maximum adsorption capacity were found for the batch reactor and for the fixed bed column (qmax = 41.69 mg g-1 for the batch reactor and qmax = 41.98 mg g-1 for the fixed bed column). The Finite Volume method was used in the discretization of the mathematical equations and a computational algorithm was implemented in FORTRAN programming language. The computational code was validated with experimental data of this work (mean error of 13%) and it was possible to simulate different operational conditions of the fixed bed column adsorption system for future industrial applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923670
title: Microbiological quality and sensitivity profile to antimicrobials in artesian well waters in a municipality in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul

description: ABSTRACT The quality of water used for consumption has a direct influence on people’s health and quality of life, demonstrating the need to create mechanisms to control and monitor potentials contaminations. This study aimed to determine and quantify total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in waters from rural wells in a northwestern municipality of Rio Grande do Sul State. Microbiological collections and analyses were carried out in samples from 40 artesian wells, registered in the Water Quality Surveillance Information System for Human Consumption (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano – SISAGUA). The results show that 85% of the samples were positive for total coliforms and 22.5% were identified as E. coli. Of the eight antibiotics tested, only Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Nitrofurantoin showed 100% inhibition of bacterial growth. It is concluded that an important part of the analyzed wells did not present water with quality standards for consumption, requiring corrective actions by public authorities as a way of preventing infectious diseases. In addition, one must seek to rationalize the pharmacological treatment with antibiotics, due to indications of bacterial resistance presented by the strains isolated in this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923670.v1
title: Microbiological quality and sensitivity profile to antimicrobials in artesian well waters in a municipality in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul

description: ABSTRACT The quality of water used for consumption has a direct influence on people’s health and quality of life, demonstrating the need to create mechanisms to control and monitor potentials contaminations. This study aimed to determine and quantify total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in waters from rural wells in a northwestern municipality of Rio Grande do Sul State. Microbiological collections and analyses were carried out in samples from 40 artesian wells, registered in the Water Quality Surveillance Information System for Human Consumption (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano – SISAGUA). The results show that 85% of the samples were positive for total coliforms and 22.5% were identified as E. coli. Of the eight antibiotics tested, only Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Nitrofurantoin showed 100% inhibition of bacterial growth. It is concluded that an important part of the analyzed wells did not present water with quality standards for consumption, requiring corrective actions by public authorities as a way of preventing infectious diseases. In addition, one must seek to rationalize the pharmacological treatment with antibiotics, due to indications of bacterial resistance presented by the strains isolated in this study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19921605
title: Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations and the training of History teachers in the new guidelines for teacher training!

description: ABSTRACT In the present paper, we analyze one of the aspects of the projected educational policy - the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação Inicial de Professores para a Educação Básica [National Curriculum Guidelines for the Initial Teachers Training for Basic Education] approved in 2019 by the Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) [National Education Council] - arguing how it directs education to ethnic-racial relations, taking History degrees as a parameter. Since the proposed guidelines do not cancel out the educational policy of an affirmative character, it is relevant to put into perspective how the design thought for the initial teacher training promotes teaching knowledge that enables the teacher to face racism and its consequences. We maintain that the recently approved guidelines by the CNE lead to a restrictive formation concerning Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations because they restrict the space of teaching autonomy and the contact with the necessary knowledge to face racism and its consequences in the school space. Also, the guidelines deepen recurring deficiencies in history teacher training courses, thus creating little room for discussing topics such as Difference, Diversity, Multiculturalism, Inclusion, etc.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19921605.v1
title: Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations and the training of History teachers in the new guidelines for teacher training!

description: ABSTRACT In the present paper, we analyze one of the aspects of the projected educational policy - the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação Inicial de Professores para a Educação Básica [National Curriculum Guidelines for the Initial Teachers Training for Basic Education] approved in 2019 by the Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) [National Education Council] - arguing how it directs education to ethnic-racial relations, taking History degrees as a parameter. Since the proposed guidelines do not cancel out the educational policy of an affirmative character, it is relevant to put into perspective how the design thought for the initial teacher training promotes teaching knowledge that enables the teacher to face racism and its consequences. We maintain that the recently approved guidelines by the CNE lead to a restrictive formation concerning Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations because they restrict the space of teaching autonomy and the contact with the necessary knowledge to face racism and its consequences in the school space. Also, the guidelines deepen recurring deficiencies in history teacher training courses, thus creating little room for discussing topics such as Difference, Diversity, Multiculturalism, Inclusion, etc.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923672
title: Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma

description: Abstract Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. Methodology We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. Results In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923672.v1
title: Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma

description: Abstract Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. Methodology We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. Results In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19923673
title: Implementation of a telemental health service for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

description: Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic can be considered a severely stressful event and trigger negative repercussions on the mental health of medical students, such as psychological distress and the development or worsening of mental disorders, harming the academic, social and professional life of these students. As a result of the interruption of classes and the social distancing measures advocated by health agencies during the pandemic, the mental health care sector for medical students at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) needed to cancel the face-to-face care at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital in early March 2020 and think of other forms of mental health care for these students. Experience report: This is an experience report about the implementation of telemental health care for medical students at UFRJ during the pandemic, for the continuity of mental health care program using remote assistance, started in late March 2020. The service is being offered by a team of five psychiatrists, a psychologist and a social worker, all university employees. Discussion: The teleservice has served as an important space for listening and embracement in face of these students’ psychosocial demands, whose challenge consists in overcoming some barriers that hinder the availability of and access to mental health services on the university campus, including the preservation of the doctor-patient relationship, the guarantee of confidentiality and quality, and the offer of a space for mental health care when the physical presence is not possible. Conclusion: Despite the difficulties inherent in the rapid process of implementing this service, the potential of technology to help the population at this critical moment is perceived, especially regarding the attention to the mental health of specific groups, such as medical students. The telehealth represents a potential for learning and change in the ways how the access to care is offered, with the perspective of bringing benefits to the students’ mental health, even after the current period of the pandemic, with the goal of expanding these services to other courses of the UFRJ.