cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25919/zmed-1806
title: Two-monthly Water Bird Breeding Contributing Habitat Area

description: This dataset has been generated to identify the contributing habitat (feeding) area to areas of potential water bird nesting sites across the Murray Darling Basin. This information coupled with existing datasets (water bird observations) will be used to build upon current knowledge of water birds and their requirements within the basin. This in turn will help inform environmental watering with a view to sustain and improve water bird breeding throughout the basin.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295788
title: Piperales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295789
title: Piperales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5vt5ph
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1295 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-1000.0",
 "Country is one of (United States of America, Canada)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-139.18068 28.45674,-100.80789 28.45674,-100.80789 60.07656,-139.18068 60.07656,-139.18068 28.45674))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Issue is one of (Coordinate rounded, Coordinate reprojected, Country coordinate mismatch, Country mismatch, Country invalid, Country derived from coordinates, Continent coordinate mismatch, Continent country mismatch, Continent invalid, Continent derived from country, Continent derived from coordinates, Recorded date mismatch, Recorded date invalid, Recorded date unlikely, Depth not metric, Depth unlikely, Depth min max swapped, Depth non numeric, Elevation unlikely, Elevation min max swapped, Elevation not metric, Elevation non numeric, Modified date invalid, Modified date unlikely, Identified date unlikely, Identified date invalid, Basis of record invalid, Type status invalid, Multimedia date invalid, Multimedia URI invalid, References URI invalid, Error during interpretation, Individual count invalid, Individual count conflicts with occurrence status, Occurrence status unparsable, Occurrence status inferred from individual count, Occurrence status inferred from basis of record, Georeferenced date unlikely, Georeferenced date invalid, Ambiguous institution, Ambiguous collection, Institution match none, Collection match none, Institution match fuzzy, Collection match fuzzy, Institution collection mismatch, Possibly on loan, Different owner institution)",
 "TaxonKey is Festuca idahoensis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1295 records from 57 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019412-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295790
title: Piptochaetium J.Presl. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295791
title: Piptochaetium J.Presl. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v85wbd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 91 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Indonesia",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Castanopsis buruana"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 91 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019413-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/637ut8
title: Designation of types of European Harpalini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) described by Dejean and deposited in the MNHN, Paris

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Serrano, José (2022): Designation of types of European Harpalini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) described by Dejean and deposited in the MNHN, Paris. Zootaxa 5141 (5): 484-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.5.4AbstractDesignations of a number of type specimens of Dejean’s collection deposited in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) at Paris are given. Types correspond to species of carabid beetles belonging to the tribe Harpalini found in the West Palearctic except for Harpalus saxicola. The holotypes of the following species have been recognized: Anisodactylus intermedius Dejean, 1829, Ditomus cephalotes Dejean, 1826, Ditomus tomentosus Dejean, 1831, Ditomus cordatus Dejean, 1825, Acinopus giganteus Dejean, 1831, Harpalus lateralis Dejean, 1829, Harpalus oblitus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus pumilio Dejean, 1829, Harpalus saxicola Dejean, 1829, Harpalus siculus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) quadricollis Dejean, 1831, Harpalus (Ophonus) chloroticus Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus lusitanicus Dejean, 1829 and Acupalpus suturalis Dejean, 1829. The lectotype of the following species was designated: Acupalpus mauritanicus Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus metallescens Dejean, 1829, Anisodactylus virens Dejean, 1829, Carterus interceptus Dejean, 1830, Harpalus cupreus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus dispar Dejean, 1829, Harpalus contemptus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus pumilus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus punctatostriatus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus pygmaeus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus sobrinus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus solitaris Dejean, 1829, Harpalus goudotii Dejean, 1829, Harpalus zabroides Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) cribricollis Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) meridionalis Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) pumilio Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) rotundatus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) similis Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) subquadratus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) incisus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) diffinis Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) hirsutulus Dejean, 1829, Stenolophus elegans Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus exiguus Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus atratus Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus luridus Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus nigriceps Dejean, 1829, Acupalpus lusitanicus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus) obsoletus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus (Ophonus pallidus) Dejean, 1829, Stenolophus marginatus Dejean, 1829 and Stenolophus proximus Dejean, 1829. Notes are added about the types of Harpalus (Ophonus) opacus (Dejean, 1829), Harpalus fastiditus Dejean, 1829, Harpalus minutus Dejean, Harpalus (Ophonus) planicollis (Dejean, 1829) and Harpalus (Ophonus) hispanus (Rambur, 1838).
DOI: 10.25903/zx8c-0q24
title: Data for: No evidence for missed mutualists in an invasive plant with the buzz pollination syndrome

description: We undertook field observations in a native (Mexico) and an invaded (Australia) region of an invasive buzz-pollinated plant (Senna obtusifolia; Fabaceae), to assess (1) whether the pollinator assemblages differ between regions, (2) who the floral visitors and pollinators are, and (3) whether S. obtusifolia needs specialised buzzing behaviour for pollen transfer. We calculated the pollination importance index based on the relative abundance, pollen load, pollen fidelity, stigma contact and body size match index of each morphospecies . S. obtusifolia was pollinated by 15 (native region) and 11 (invaded region) insect species, and the most important pollinators were non-buzzing bees (Apis mellifera and Meliponini species) in both regions. Overall, we observed buzzing behaviour infrequently (<8% of visits), but it was 3.8 times more common in the invaded region compared to the native region. The dominance of non-buzzing behaviours suggests that S. obtusifolia is not adapted to a distinct pollinator niche. We found no evidence for the missed mutualist hypothesis. 

Software/equipment used to create/collect the data: Software/equipment used to create/collect the data: Software: Microsoft Office - version 2108; Windows 11 OS
Microsoft office - version 2108; Windows 11 OS

Software/equipment used to manipulate/analyse the data: R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14 ucrt) -- "Race for Your Life"
Copyright (C) 2024 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
DOI: 10.15468/274269
title: A review of the digger wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Hong Kong, with description of one new species and a key to known species

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Taylor, Christopher, Barthélémy, Christophe (2021): A review of the digger wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Hong Kong, with description of one new species and a key to known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 786 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.786.1607, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.786.1607Abstract. We provide keys, descriptions and illustrations for 16 species of Scoliidae Latreille, 1802 found in Hong Kong, of which nine are new records for the territory, one is new to China and one is new to science: Scolia pakshaoensis sp. nov. The status of one species (Megacampsomeris sp. 1) remains uncertain; it may represent an additional new species.
DOI: 10.15468/dgyaap
title: Type Specimens of Non-fossil Mammals in the Australian Museum, Sydney

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Parnaby, Harry E., Ingleby, Sandy, Divljan, Anja (2017): Type Specimens of Non-fossil Mammals in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 69 (5): 277-420, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1653, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1653
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g2wtdz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1505 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Sasa kurilensis",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1505 records from 44 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019414-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hd2mex
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 17169 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Pontederia crassipes",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 17169 records from 99 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019415-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295796
title: Piptochaetium alpinum L.B.Sm. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295797
title: Piptochaetium alpinum L.B.Sm. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295798
title: Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295799
title: Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295802
title: Piptochaetium bicolor (Vahl) É.Desv. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295801
title: Piptochaetium bicolor (Vahl) É.Desv. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295804
title: Piptochaetium bicolor var. bicolor. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295803
title: Piptochaetium bicolor var. bicolor. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6yhcgp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 18459 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Piper aduncum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 18459 records from 520 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019418-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295806
title: Piptochaetium bicolor var. minor (Speg.) Parodi. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295807
title: Piptochaetium bicolor var. minor (Speg.) Parodi. In: Marchesi E., Mailhos A. & Bonifacino J.M. (Eds.). Flora Uruguaya: Flora Vascular del Uruguay. ISSN 3121-2050, V. 1.0.

description: Citable snapshot. Includes PDF and CSV of collections. Date: January 13th, 2026 at 16:52
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295810
title: FIShBOT Archive 2026-01-19

description: This dataset is a static snapshot of the FIShBOT data product before new data are aggregated. This version of fishbot is archived for reproducibility and is not updated. The data are aggregated from the FIShBOT system, which collects and processes oceanographic from fishery dependent and independent sources.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18295811
title: FIShBOT Archive 2026-01-19

description: This dataset is a static snapshot of the FIShBOT data product before new data are aggregated. This version of fishbot is archived for reproducibility and is not updated. The data are aggregated from the FIShBOT system, which collects and processes oceanographic from fishery dependent and independent sources.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e297h7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Paratrechina fulva",
 "Country is Virgin Islands (U.S.)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019420-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6h6935
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 216 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Paratrechina fulva",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 216 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019419-260108223611665/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/m5sdqj
title: Taxonomic notes on the genus Millettia (Fabaceae: Millettieae) in Vietnam

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Song, Zhu-Qiu, Li, Shi-Jin, Vu, Quang Nam, Khang, Nguyen Sinh (2022): Taxonomic notes on the genus Millettia (Fabaceae: Millettieae) in Vietnam. Phytotaxa 571 (2): 169-185, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.4AbstractMillettia is a complex genus of the tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae). In this paper we provide a synopsis of the species of the genus from Vietnam, based on the examination of literature and specimens as well as field surveys. Millettia boniana and M. setigera are proposed as new synonyms of Derris tonkinensis and M. cubittii, respectively. Millettia densiflora, a species most recently described from Laos, is newly reported in central and southern Vietnam. Millettia acutiflora is treated under the newly reinstated genus Imbralyx as I. acutiflorus. Twelve species and one variety are excluded from the list of Vietnamese species of Millettia. As a result, fourteen species and one variety of Millettia are recognized in Vietnam. A key to the species and lectotypification for seventeen names are provided.
DOI: 10.15468/9zhw8t
title: Revision Of The Nearctic Species Of The Genus Amiota Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Jones, Lance E., Grimaldi, David A. (2022): Revision Of The Nearctic Species Of The Genus Amiota Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (458): 1-181, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.458.1.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-458/issue-1/0003-0090.458.1.1/Revision-of-the-Nearctic-Species-of-the-Genus-Amiota-Loew/10.1206/0003-0090.458.1.1.fullABSTRACTThorough biotic inventories are still needed even in families with paradigm organisms like Drosophilidae, including well-studied areas such as North America. This work presents a taxonomic revision of the species of the genus Amiota Loew in North America and the Nearctic portion of Mexico. Amiota steganoptera Malloch is currently excluded from the Nearctic and Amiota setigera Malloch is synonymized under Amiota humeralis Loew. Specimens of Amiota subtusradiata Duda were not encountered during this study along with its synonym Amiota quadrata Takada and Toda; however, based on previous descriptions we include A. subtusradiata in the Nearctic fauna. All other previously described species from the Nearctic are redescribed. Thirty-six species are described as new: Amiota amputata, A. antitormentum, A. avipes, A. biacuminis, A. brayi, A. byersi, A. cervites, A. cruciatum, A. didens, A. durangoensis, A. elsaltoensis, A. floridiensis, A. forceps, A. fulvitibia, A. hyalou, A. imperator, A. incurva, A. laevifurca, A. latilabrum, A. mcalpinei, A. multiplex, A. nanonigrescens, A. occidentalis, A. onyx, A. oviraptor, A. pseudominor, A. raripennis, A. sinaloensis, A. subnebojsa, A. tessae, A. texas, A. tibialis, A. tormentum, A. uniacuminis, A. wheeleri, and A. zaliskoi. This increases the total species known in the Nearctic from 13 to 49. All species in the Nearctic are illustrated, adult diagnostic features are discussed, and distributions are provided.A cladogram based on parsimony analysis of 46 morphological characters established species groups in the genus. Most of the Nearctic species were accommodated into 10 species groups. Three species groups were previously erected for species in China and Europe. Seven species groups are newly established: the avipes, cervites, hsui, mariae, nebojsa, nigrescens, and subtusradiata groups.Diversity in Amiota appears to be partially dependent on elevation and latitude in the Nearctic, with high diversity found in southern Ontario, the Appalachians, the Ozarks, mountain forests of Arizona and New Mexico, and the Sierra Madre of central Mexico. The taxonomic history of the Nearctic species is reviewed, and various aspects of their biology is presented. Males of species in the A. mariae species group are polymorphic for mirror-image, asymmetric genitalia, called chiral variants. Besides morphology, larval saproxyly, adult lachryphagy, and biogeography are reviewed. Challenges to the study of Amiota and future prospects are discussed.
DOI: 10.15468/xx276p
title: A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5AbstractThe Eucelatoria ferox group is a lineage of 26 species of the New World genus Eucelatoria Townsend (Tachinidae) in which the female bears a distinctive sword-like piercer. The E. ferox group is revised and illustrated in detail, including nine species redescriptions and seventeen new species. This work also includes three new species synonyms and one new genus synonym. Three morphology-based subgroups are recognized and supported by genetic and host evidence as well as by geographic patterns. The E. ferox subgroup contains species with only two dorsal thoracic vittae on both the presutural and postsutural areas, including Eucelatoria ferox (Townsend), E. huitepecensis sp. nov., and E. inclani sp. nov. The E. gladiatrix subgroup contains those species with four dorsal thoracic vittae on both the presutural and postsutural areas, including Eucelatoria aurata (Townsend), E. auriceps (Aldrich), E. borealis sp. nov., E. charapensis (Townsend), E. crambivora sp. nov., E. falcata sp. nov., E. fordlandia sp. nov., E. gladiatrix (Townsend), E. jorgecortesi sp. nov., E. luctuosa (Wulp), E. rivalis (Reinhard), E. sabroskyi sp. nov., E. strigata (Wulp), E. texana (Reinhard), E. woodorum sp. nov., and E. yanayacu sp. nov. The E. kopis subgroup contains species with a single large dorsal thoracic vitta on the postsutural area and usually two vittae on the presutural area, including Eucelatoria gustavogutierrezi sp. nov., E. hafelei sp. nov., E. kopis sp. nov., E. makhaira sp. nov., E. ritavargasae sp. nov., E. sica sp. nov., and E. tenebrionis sp. nov. The following new synonymies are proposed: Proroglutea Townsend under Eucelatoria Townsend, syn. nov.; Eucelatoria fasciata (Townsend) and E. minima (Wulp) under E. strigata (Wulp), syn. nov.; Proroglutea pilligera Townsend under Eucelatoria gladiatrix (Townsend), syn. nov. Additionally, Telothyria lugens Wulp and Exorista obscurata Wulp are removed from synonymy with Eucelatoria luctuosa (Wulp) and resurrected as Eucelatoria lugens (Wulp) and E. obscurata (Wulp). The E. gladiatrix subgroup appears to be specialized on Crambidae (Lepidoptera) caterpillars, while the E. kopis subgroup parasitizes a variety of Lepidoptera families; host use for the E. ferox subgroup is unknown. The characteristic “leaf-rolling” habit of host families and visual evidence from rearing records suggests that the long piercers are used to penetrate leaf tissue for oviposition. Species of the E. ferox group are distributed throughout the Western Hemisphere from southern Canada to northern Argentina, with the highest species diversity and likely center of origin in the Central and South American tropics.