cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327608.v1
title: Angular control quality in survey

description: This paper dealt with the quality control of angular measurements which are a critical element in the construction of subway tunnels and similar projects, in which it is necessary to maintain precise alignments and points coordinates on an open polygonal without controlled closing and with direct application on guiding digging machines and tunnel construction. Thus, methods and procedures to control the precision and accuracy of these measures were studied. Performance of several total stations, in several campaigns were analysed; a quadrilateral and their angles were measured and adjusted to serve as a standard, to allow not only the assessment of the precision, but also the accuracy of the equipment. As a result, proposals, procedures and criteria were presented to be incorporated into standard quality control measurement of angles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327610.v1
title: Geographic Information System to support managing of obstacles in Visual Segment Surface

description: The safety and regularity of airport operations are influenced by the landing use around it. In order to preserve safety of instrument landing operations at airports, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established an imaginary surface called Visual Segment Surface (VSS). Any object, natural or artificial which extends above the surface is considered an obstacle. Obstacles can generate a lot of restrictions, such as the cancellation of the instrument approach procedure. This study aims at developing a methodology for using Geographic Information System (GIS) to support management of obstacles in VSS. As a case study, Campo de Marte Airport, in São Paulo, was selected, in which the existence of obstacles can derail the implementation of instrument approach procedures. Two tools were used, a GIS desktop and a WEBGIS. The GIS application was effective in the analysis of obstacles, even without using a suite of tools for 3D analysis. The application was enough to integrate spatial analysis in two dimensions with a query based on analytical geometry concepts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327610
title: Geographic Information System to support managing of obstacles in Visual Segment Surface

description: The safety and regularity of airport operations are influenced by the landing use around it. In order to preserve safety of instrument landing operations at airports, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established an imaginary surface called Visual Segment Surface (VSS). Any object, natural or artificial which extends above the surface is considered an obstacle. Obstacles can generate a lot of restrictions, such as the cancellation of the instrument approach procedure. This study aims at developing a methodology for using Geographic Information System (GIS) to support management of obstacles in VSS. As a case study, Campo de Marte Airport, in São Paulo, was selected, in which the existence of obstacles can derail the implementation of instrument approach procedures. Two tools were used, a GIS desktop and a WEBGIS. The GIS application was effective in the analysis of obstacles, even without using a suite of tools for 3D analysis. The application was enough to integrate spatial analysis in two dimensions with a query based on analytical geometry concepts.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4641408
title: Supporting files for WRF simulations in "Wind plants impact long-term local atmospheric conditions"

description: Namelists and supporting files for Bodini & Lundquist, "Wind plants impact long-term local atmospheric conditions". These namelists are used for the WRF 4.2 simulations described in that manuscript. Versions of the namelist for 10 June 2018 are provided. For subsequent days simply change the start_date and end_date fields in namelist.wps and the start_day and end_day fields in the namelist.input files. "namelist.wps" is used for establishing the grids and incorporating initial and boundary conditions from ERA5 files. "namelist.input_NWF" is used for the WRF simulations without wind farm effects. "namelist.input_100TKE" is used for the WRF simulations with wind farm effects and 100% added TKE. "namelist.input_25TKE" is used for the WRF simulations with wind farm effects and 25% added TKE. "windturbines.txt" describes the locations of the relevant wind turbines. "wind-turbine-1.tbl" describes the power curve of the 2-MW turbines used
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4641407
title: Supporting files for WRF simulations in "Wind plants impact long-term local atmospheric conditions"

description: Namelists and supporting files for Bodini & Lundquist, "Wind plants impact long-term local atmospheric conditions". These namelists are used for the WRF 4.2 simulations described in that manuscript. Versions of the namelist for 10 June 2018 are provided. For subsequent days simply change the start_date and end_date fields in namelist.wps and the start_day and end_day fields in the namelist.input files. "namelist.wps" is used for establishing the grids and incorporating initial and boundary conditions from ERA5 files. "namelist.input_NWF" is used for the WRF simulations without wind farm effects. "namelist.input_100TKE" is used for the WRF simulations with wind farm effects and 100% added TKE. "namelist.input_25TKE" is used for the WRF simulations with wind farm effects and 25% added TKE. "windturbines.txt" describes the locations of the relevant wind turbines. "wind-turbine-1.tbl" describes the power curve of the 2-MW turbines used
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327643
title: OUTLIERS DETECTION BY RANSAC ALGORITHM IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF 2D COORDINATE FRAMES

description: Over the years there have been a number of different computational methods that allow for the identification of outliers. Methods for robust estimation are known in the set of M-estimates methods (derived from the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation) or in the set of R-estimation methods (robust estimation based on the application of some rank test). There are also algorithms that are not classified in any of these groups but these methods are also resistant to gross errors, for example, in M-split estimation. Another proposal, which can be used to detect outliers in the process of transformation of coordinates, where the coordinates of some points may be affected by gross errors, can be a method called RANSAC algorithm (Random Sample and Consensus). The authors present a study that was performed in the process of 2D transformation parameter estimation using RANSAC algorithm to detect points that have coordinates with outliers. The calculations were performed in three scenarios on the real geodetic network. Selected coordinates were burdened with simulated values of errors to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327643.v1
title: OUTLIERS DETECTION BY RANSAC ALGORITHM IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF 2D COORDINATE FRAMES

description: Over the years there have been a number of different computational methods that allow for the identification of outliers. Methods for robust estimation are known in the set of M-estimates methods (derived from the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation) or in the set of R-estimation methods (robust estimation based on the application of some rank test). There are also algorithms that are not classified in any of these groups but these methods are also resistant to gross errors, for example, in M-split estimation. Another proposal, which can be used to detect outliers in the process of transformation of coordinates, where the coordinates of some points may be affected by gross errors, can be a method called RANSAC algorithm (Random Sample and Consensus). The authors present a study that was performed in the process of 2D transformation parameter estimation using RANSAC algorithm to detect points that have coordinates with outliers. The calculations were performed in three scenarios on the real geodetic network. Selected coordinates were burdened with simulated values of errors to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327644
title: Geometric refinement of laser-derived building roof contours and ridges using aerial image

description: In this paper, a method is proposed to refine the LASER 3D roofs geometrically by using a high-resolution aerial image and Markov Random Field (MRF) models. In order to do so, a MRF description for grouping straight lines is developed, assuming that each projected side contour and ridge is topologically correct and that it is only necessary to improve its accuracy. Although the combination of laser data with data from image is most justified for refining roof contour, the structure of ridges can give greater robustness in the topological description of the roof structure. The MRF model is formulated based on relationships (length, proximity, and orientation) between the straight lines extracted from the image and projected polygon and also on retangularity and corner injunctions. The energy function associated with MRF is minimized by the genetic algorithm optimization method, resulting in the grouping of straight lines for each roof object. Finally, each grouping of straight lines is topologically reconstructed based on the topology of the corresponding LASER scanning polygon projected onto the image-space. The results obtained were satisfactory. This method was able to provide polygons roof refined buildings in which most of its contour sides and ridges were geometrically improved.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327644.v1
title: Geometric refinement of laser-derived building roof contours and ridges using aerial image

description: In this paper, a method is proposed to refine the LASER 3D roofs geometrically by using a high-resolution aerial image and Markov Random Field (MRF) models. In order to do so, a MRF description for grouping straight lines is developed, assuming that each projected side contour and ridge is topologically correct and that it is only necessary to improve its accuracy. Although the combination of laser data with data from image is most justified for refining roof contour, the structure of ridges can give greater robustness in the topological description of the roof structure. The MRF model is formulated based on relationships (length, proximity, and orientation) between the straight lines extracted from the image and projected polygon and also on retangularity and corner injunctions. The energy function associated with MRF is minimized by the genetic algorithm optimization method, resulting in the grouping of straight lines for each roof object. Finally, each grouping of straight lines is topologically reconstructed based on the topology of the corresponding LASER scanning polygon projected onto the image-space. The results obtained were satisfactory. This method was able to provide polygons roof refined buildings in which most of its contour sides and ridges were geometrically improved.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327646
title: The use of environmental modeling for systematization of tacit knowledge: identification of optimal corridor for transmission lines of electricity

description: The need for expansion of the electricity sector requires constant improvement for designing methods and project developments, such as electricity transmission lines. The dissemination of geoinformation technology supports the modernization of the process, yet the preservation of tacit knowledge is a key challenge to be considered. The patterns resulting from projects implemented in the past can be found in the landscape. This paper hypothesizes the use of geotechnologies to extract the tacit knowledge from linear engineering projects printed in the landscape through landscape analysis, therefore use the information in a multicriterial decision framework towards modeling new corridors for transmission lines of electricity. This procedure can represent an opportunity for establishing metrics for interfacing new technologies and productivity gains to modernize the planning process of the sector of energy distribution. This research is based on a multi-temporal analysis. The model developed is dynamic and geographically explicit in order to recognize not only the spatial occurrence pattern of the phenomenon, but also the variation along their history. This study employs robust methodologies, such as Weight of Evidence and Least Costly Path to study the spatial pattern of the energy transmission lines implementation across the landscape. The results demonstrate the feasibility of GIS and landscape analysis, as well as the possibility of identifying geographic variables not considered in the existing regulation, and indicate preferable locations for new corridors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327646.v1
title: The use of environmental modeling for systematization of tacit knowledge: identification of optimal corridor for transmission lines of electricity

description: The need for expansion of the electricity sector requires constant improvement for designing methods and project developments, such as electricity transmission lines. The dissemination of geoinformation technology supports the modernization of the process, yet the preservation of tacit knowledge is a key challenge to be considered. The patterns resulting from projects implemented in the past can be found in the landscape. This paper hypothesizes the use of geotechnologies to extract the tacit knowledge from linear engineering projects printed in the landscape through landscape analysis, therefore use the information in a multicriterial decision framework towards modeling new corridors for transmission lines of electricity. This procedure can represent an opportunity for establishing metrics for interfacing new technologies and productivity gains to modernize the planning process of the sector of energy distribution. This research is based on a multi-temporal analysis. The model developed is dynamic and geographically explicit in order to recognize not only the spatial occurrence pattern of the phenomenon, but also the variation along their history. This study employs robust methodologies, such as Weight of Evidence and Least Costly Path to study the spatial pattern of the energy transmission lines implementation across the landscape. The results demonstrate the feasibility of GIS and landscape analysis, as well as the possibility of identifying geographic variables not considered in the existing regulation, and indicate preferable locations for new corridors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327649
title: How to estimate the minimum power of the test and bound values for the confidence interval of Data Snooping procedure

description: Data Snooping (DS) is the best-established method to identify gross errors (outliers) in geodetic data analysis, with a given probability. The power of the test is the probability of DS correctly identifying a gross error, while the confidence interval is the probability of DS not rejecting an observation uncontaminated by gross error. In practice, the power of the test is always unknown. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a theoretical review of how to determine the minimum power of the test, and bound values for the confidence interval of the DS procedure in an n-dimensional scenario, i.e., considering all observations involved. Along with the theoretical review, a numerical example involving a simulated leveling network is presented. The results obtained in the experiments agreed with the previously calculated theoretical values, i.e., the revised methodology showed satisfactory performance in practice. The example also shows the importance of the revised methodology in the planning stage (or pre-analysis) of geodetic networks
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327649.v1
title: How to estimate the minimum power of the test and bound values for the confidence interval of Data Snooping procedure

description: Data Snooping (DS) is the best-established method to identify gross errors (outliers) in geodetic data analysis, with a given probability. The power of the test is the probability of DS correctly identifying a gross error, while the confidence interval is the probability of DS not rejecting an observation uncontaminated by gross error. In practice, the power of the test is always unknown. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a theoretical review of how to determine the minimum power of the test, and bound values for the confidence interval of the DS procedure in an n-dimensional scenario, i.e., considering all observations involved. Along with the theoretical review, a numerical example involving a simulated leveling network is presented. The results obtained in the experiments agreed with the previously calculated theoretical values, i.e., the revised methodology showed satisfactory performance in practice. The example also shows the importance of the revised methodology in the planning stage (or pre-analysis) of geodetic networks
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327647
title: Analysis of higher order ionospheric effects in the solar cycle 24 and influence in the GNSS absolute positioning

description: The application of the ionosphere free combination for GNSS dual frequency data allows mathematically the elimination of the first order ionosphere effects. However, the higher order ionosphere effects are not eliminated and are generally neglected in GNSS data processing. In this paper, there will be discussions and analysis related to the higher order ionospheric effects computation which involves calculating TEC from different combinations, the geomagnetic reference system IGRF-11, the ionosphere free linear combination for three GPS frequencies L1, L2 and L5 and other. The triple frequency combination allows eliminating the second order effect, however the propagated precision of the combination is worse than the value of the effect itself. It was accomplished data processing in the static and kinematic PPP aiming to evaluate the influence of the higher order effects in the solar cycle 24.The GPS data were corrected from higher order effects by using the "RINEX_HO" software available in the NGS-NOAA-TOOLBOX. The results showed that neglecting the higher order effects in the PPP can produce variations of the order of millimeters to centimeters considering periods with low and high ionosphere activity, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327652
title: LAND CAPABILITY EVALUATION FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ILAM PROVINCE, A GIS APPROACH

description: As one of the most wealth-generating industries in the world, tourism has been the center of attention by many governments worldwide. Depending on the purpose of tourism, it has been classified into different types, one of which is ecotourism. Given that ecotourism currently accounts for a small part of the whole, however, it has a rapid growth rate. The present study aims at zoning suitable areas in Ilam, a province in western Iran, for ecotourism development purposes. Accordingly, the digital maps of elevation, slope, land cover/land use, mineral springs, and water resources were prepared, at first. Afterwards, the suitable and unsuitable areas were segregated by Boolean functions. Overlaying the map layers by GIS software, the suitable areas were identified. The obtained results revealed that the top attractions are mainly distributed from the northern and central province to the southeastern parts where climatic condition is favorable, and rich in natural land cover and water resources. Moreover, the southern and western parts were evaluated poor in term of eco-tourist attractions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327652.v1
title: LAND CAPABILITY EVALUATION FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ILAM PROVINCE, A GIS APPROACH

description: As one of the most wealth-generating industries in the world, tourism has been the center of attention by many governments worldwide. Depending on the purpose of tourism, it has been classified into different types, one of which is ecotourism. Given that ecotourism currently accounts for a small part of the whole, however, it has a rapid growth rate. The present study aims at zoning suitable areas in Ilam, a province in western Iran, for ecotourism development purposes. Accordingly, the digital maps of elevation, slope, land cover/land use, mineral springs, and water resources were prepared, at first. Afterwards, the suitable and unsuitable areas were segregated by Boolean functions. Overlaying the map layers by GIS software, the suitable areas were identified. The obtained results revealed that the top attractions are mainly distributed from the northern and central province to the southeastern parts where climatic condition is favorable, and rich in natural land cover and water resources. Moreover, the southern and western parts were evaluated poor in term of eco-tourist attractions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327653
title: Motion for intersection geodesic lines on spherical surface and on the revolution ellipsoid

description: According to the Brazilian law number 8,617 of 1993, the Exclusive Economic Zone is defined as a range of up to two hundred nautical miles along the territorial sea in which existing resources can be exploited, yielding royalties to states confronting with these areas. In some cases, to comply what is provided by the applicable law, the demarcation of territorial waters may be established through the intersection of two geodesic lines. The goal of this study proposes a solution to the intersection problem of geodesic lines in the spherical and ellipsoidal surfaces. At first, the calculations were based on spherical trigonometry, providing preliminary results which work as a first approximation. Next, a recursive computation method based on Vincenty's formulation is proposed, which are performed in azimuth discretization of small arc segments, serving as an approach to the intersection by the geometric local of the encounter between the last segments obtained.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14327653.v1
title: Motion for intersection geodesic lines on spherical surface and on the revolution ellipsoid

description: According to the Brazilian law number 8,617 of 1993, the Exclusive Economic Zone is defined as a range of up to two hundred nautical miles along the territorial sea in which existing resources can be exploited, yielding royalties to states confronting with these areas. In some cases, to comply what is provided by the applicable law, the demarcation of territorial waters may be established through the intersection of two geodesic lines. The goal of this study proposes a solution to the intersection problem of geodesic lines in the spherical and ellipsoidal surfaces. At first, the calculations were based on spherical trigonometry, providing preliminary results which work as a first approximation. Next, a recursive computation method based on Vincenty's formulation is proposed, which are performed in azimuth discretization of small arc segments, serving as an approach to the intersection by the geometric local of the encounter between the last segments obtained.