cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123578
title: Supplementary Material for: Antibodies against Carbonic Anhydrase in Patients with Aplastic Anemia

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been detected in patients with an aplastic anemia (AA)-like syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed sera of 53 bona fide AA patients before and after treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) or bone marrow transplantation for the presence of anti-CA antibodies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Anti-CA antibodies were detected in 20 patients (38%) and were associated with older age at diagnosis of AA. Antibody-positive patients showed poor response to ATG treatment (complete response 14%) and inferior long-term survival (36% at 10 years), when compared to antibody-negative patients (complete response and 10-year survival both 64%). Two thirds of patients with antibodies at diagnosis of AA became antibody negative after treatment with ATG. Clearance of the antibody did not appear to be associated with hematological improvement. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Antibodies against CA are detected frequently at diagnosis of AA, and their presence identifies a subset of patients with poor response to immunosuppressive treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123566
title: Supplementary Material for: Heart Rate Response to a Timed Walk and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To determine the relationship between heart rate response during low-grade physical exertion (6-min walk) with mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the elderly. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study who completed a 6-min walk test were included. We used delta heart rate (difference between postwalk heart rate and resting heart rate) as a measure of chronotropic response and examined its association with (1) all-cause mortality and (2) incident coronary heart disease event, using multivariable Cox regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included 2,224 participants (mean age 77 ± 4 years; 60% women; 85% white). The average delta heart rate was 26 beats/min. Participants in the lowest tertile of delta heart rate (&lt;20 beats/min) had higher risk-adjusted mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.40] and incident coronary heart disease (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.78) compared to subjects in the highest tertile (≥30 beats/min), with a significant linear trend across tertiles (p for trend &lt;0.05 for both outcomes). This relationship was not significant after adjustment for distance walked. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Impaired chronotropic response during a 6-min walk test was associated with an increased risk of mortality and incident coronary heart disease among the elderly. This association was attenuated after adjusting for distance walked.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123569
title: Supplementary Material for: Hypothermia: A Double-Edged Sword

description: Therapeutic hypothermia is currently used to reduce neurological ischemic damage in postcardiac arrest patients. Nevertheless, it has been associated with relevant side effects such as infections, bleeding, hypotension and hyperkalemia. Although hypothermia-induced coronary spasm is rare, its occurrence needs to be considered attentively as it adds a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest in patients with already-existing critical heart conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123572
title: Supplementary Material for: Therapies Used in Prostate Cancer Patients by European Urologists: Data on Indication with a Focus on Expectations, Perceived Barriers and Guideline Compliance Related to the Use of Bisphosphonates

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of our survey was to evaluate the usage and indications of various metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) therapies, and to identify barriers to usage of bisphosphonates (BPs). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Between March and June 2009, an internet-based survey was performed among board-certified urologists of the EAU who treated ≥10 patients with metastatic PCa annually. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Questionnaires completed by 200 urologists from 12 European countries including 27,442 PCa patients were used for analyses. On average, 22% of the patients presented in stage IV, 15% had bone metastases and 10% received BPs. In most countries, BPs were used to the same extent in hormone-naïve and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). A total of 23% of urologists prescribed chemotherapy in patients with hormone-sensitive PCa, and 55% of the urologists did not administer androgen deprivation maintenance therapy in patients with CRPC. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> BPs were frequently used in PCa with bone metastases, although current guidelines recommend their use only in CRPC. Standardized multidisciplinary educational programs should be developed in order to prevent non-indicated early chemotherapy in hormone-sensitive patients and to stimulate maintenance of androgen deprivation therapy in CRPC patients. Also, programs facilitating home infusions for patients who need intravenous BPs are needed in specific countries to optimize treatment of CRPC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123578.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Antibodies against Carbonic Anhydrase in Patients with Aplastic Anemia

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been detected in patients with an aplastic anemia (AA)-like syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed sera of 53 bona fide AA patients before and after treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) or bone marrow transplantation for the presence of anti-CA antibodies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Anti-CA antibodies were detected in 20 patients (38%) and were associated with older age at diagnosis of AA. Antibody-positive patients showed poor response to ATG treatment (complete response 14%) and inferior long-term survival (36% at 10 years), when compared to antibody-negative patients (complete response and 10-year survival both 64%). Two thirds of patients with antibodies at diagnosis of AA became antibody negative after treatment with ATG. Clearance of the antibody did not appear to be associated with hematological improvement. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Antibodies against CA are detected frequently at diagnosis of AA, and their presence identifies a subset of patients with poor response to immunosuppressive treatment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123563
title: Supplementary Material for: Oral Glucose Loading Modulates Plasma β-Amyloid Level in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: Potential Diagnostic Method for Alzheimer’s Disease

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Although plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) has been suggested to be a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its significance and validity have been inconclusive. Thus, it is quite important to establish a novel diagnostic method related to plasma Aβ. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> As our previous animal studies demonstrated a relation of glucose with plasma Aβ, we examined the effect of glucose loading on plasma Aβ levels in AD patients. After fasting, an oral glucose load was administered to AD patients and non-AD dementia patients, and subsequently, blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma Aβ levels were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The plasma levels of baseline blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma Aβ were not different between the two groups. However, immediately after glucose loading, a significant increase in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels was observed in AD patients, whereas a mild decrease in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels was detected in non-AD dementia patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present study clearly demonstrated a different response in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels after glucose loading between AD and non-AD dementia patients, which is consistent with our previous animal studies. These findings suggest a novel diagnostic tool for AD using the elevation of plasma Aβ level after glucose loading, although further studies are necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123572.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Therapies Used in Prostate Cancer Patients by European Urologists: Data on Indication with a Focus on Expectations, Perceived Barriers and Guideline Compliance Related to the Use of Bisphosphonates

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of our survey was to evaluate the usage and indications of various metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) therapies, and to identify barriers to usage of bisphosphonates (BPs). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Between March and June 2009, an internet-based survey was performed among board-certified urologists of the EAU who treated ≥10 patients with metastatic PCa annually. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Questionnaires completed by 200 urologists from 12 European countries including 27,442 PCa patients were used for analyses. On average, 22% of the patients presented in stage IV, 15% had bone metastases and 10% received BPs. In most countries, BPs were used to the same extent in hormone-naïve and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). A total of 23% of urologists prescribed chemotherapy in patients with hormone-sensitive PCa, and 55% of the urologists did not administer androgen deprivation maintenance therapy in patients with CRPC. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> BPs were frequently used in PCa with bone metastases, although current guidelines recommend their use only in CRPC. Standardized multidisciplinary educational programs should be developed in order to prevent non-indicated early chemotherapy in hormone-sensitive patients and to stimulate maintenance of androgen deprivation therapy in CRPC patients. Also, programs facilitating home infusions for patients who need intravenous BPs are needed in specific countries to optimize treatment of CRPC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123557
title: Supplementary Material for: Phosphate Mass Removal during Hemodialysis: A Comparison between eKT/V-Matched Conventional and Extended Dialysis

description: <b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> The control of hyperphosphatemia is an unmet need in dialysis care. Compared to conventional hemodialysis (cHD), extended hemodialysis (eHD) appears to more easily control blood phosphate levels in chronically dialyzed patients. Here, we sought to compare eKT/V-matched cHD and eHD procedures in order to quantify the contribution of dialysis prescription and time in the mass removal of phosphate. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight stable hemodialysis patients with negligible residual renal function underwent cHD and eHD sessions adjusted to provide the same eKT/V<sub>urea</sub>. Total dialysate, total and hourly partial dialysate and blood samples were collected for comparison of mass extraction of urea, creatinine, and phosphate. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean eKT/V<sub>urea</sub> was similar in eHD and cHD (1.30 vs. 1.28, p = nonsignificant). Likewise, mass removal of urea and creatinine during cHD and eHD were not significantly different. Conversely, phosphate mass removal was 40% higher with eHD as compared to cHD (1,219 ± 262 vs. 858 ± 186 mg, p = 0.015). Although hourly mass removal of phosphate was higher during cHD, the prolonged period of lesser but continuous removal was responsible for higher total phosphate elimination during eHD. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In dialysis sessions matched to provide a similar eKT/V<sub>urea</sub>, removal of phosphate increases by 40% when time is extended from 4 to 8 h. Urea-based adequacy models cannot be used to predict the amount of phosphorus removal during hemodialysis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123560
title: Supplementary Material for: Improved Dexterity after Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Motor Cortex for Central Pain: A Special Relevance for Thalamic Syndrome

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To demonstrate that motor cortex stimulation (MCS) could improve motor function in patients with neuropathic pain. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this prospective clinical study of 38 patients referred for MCS as treatment for their neuropathic pain, we collected any declaration of improvement in motor performance that could be attributed to MCS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ten patients (26%) declared a benefit in their motor function. Eight presented objective evidence of recovered dexterity for rapid alternating movements. A minor proportion had improvement in dystonic posture (n = 2), but none had detectable increased motor strength or tonus changes. Overall, 73% of the patients with limb ataxia declared a benefit after MCS. In 6 out of 10 patients (60%), the anatomic lesion responsible for pain was restricted to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. All of them had either clinical or electrophysiological evidence of lemniscal dysfunction (proprioceptive ataxia). No correlation was found between the scores of pain relief and the modification of motor status. The correlation between thalamic lesions and benefits in motor performance was significant (Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed, p = 0.0017). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Up to 26% of patients estimated that MCS improved their motor outcome through recovered dexterity and in cases of lateral thalamic lesions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123551
title: Supplementary Material for: Patterns and Predictors of Early Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients: New Insights

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Incident hemodialysis patients have the highest mortality in the first several months after starting dialysis treatments. We hypothesized that the patterns and risk factors associated with this early mortality differ from those in later dialysis therapy periods. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined mortality patterns and predictors during the first several months of hemodialysis treatment in 18,707 incident patients since the first week of hemodialysis therapy and estimated the population attributable fractions for selected time periods in the first 24 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 18,707 incident hemodialysis patients were 45% women and 54% diabetics. The standardized mortality ratios (95% confidence interval) in the 1st to 3rd month of hemodialysis therapy were 1.81 (1.74–1.88), 1.79 (1.72–1.86), and 1.34 (1.27–1.40), respectively. The standardized mortality ratio reached prevalent mortality only by the 7th month. No survival advantage for African Americans existed in the first 6 months. Patients with low albumin &lt;3.5 g/dl had the highest proportion of infection-related deaths while patients with higher albumin levels had higher cardiovascular deaths including 76% of deaths during the first 3 months. Use of catheter as vascular access and hypoalbuminemia &lt;3.5 g/dl explained 34% (17–54%) and 33% (19–45%) of all deaths in the first 90 days, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Incident hemodialysis patients have the highest mortality during the first 6 months including 80% higher death risk in the first 2 months. The presence of a central venous catheter and hypoalbuminemia &lt;3.5 g/dl each explain one third of all deaths in the first 90 days.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123554
title: Supplementary Material for: Can Healthy Lifestyle Modify Risk Factors for Dementia? Findings from a Pilot Community-Based Survey in Chennai (India) and Newcastle (UK)

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Currently there are no effective treatments available for dementia. Attention has turned to defining preventive strategies and identifying modifying effects of lifestyle, including physical activity, diet, alcohol intake and smoking, in reducing cognitive decline and overt memory problems in the elderly. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, we addressed the modifying aspects of various components of lifestyle in two ageing samples and explored the possible effects that exercise, diet and spiritual and religious beliefs have upon physical and mental health. A total of 251 subjects (128 in Chennai, India, and 123 in Newcastle, UK) filled in a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle habits. Data were analysed with χ<sup>2</sup> analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our findings highlight that spiritual and religious beliefs promoted good physical and mental health and were negatively associated with risk factors for dementia, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol level and diabetes. Lifelong diet and physical activity also contributed to better overall well-being in both samples. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study suggests substantial lifestyle variations between two urban populations in Chennai, India, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Further detailed work is required to identify the lifestyle components that have the greatest impact on modifying the known risk factors for dementia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123560.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Improved Dexterity after Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Motor Cortex for Central Pain: A Special Relevance for Thalamic Syndrome

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To demonstrate that motor cortex stimulation (MCS) could improve motor function in patients with neuropathic pain. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this prospective clinical study of 38 patients referred for MCS as treatment for their neuropathic pain, we collected any declaration of improvement in motor performance that could be attributed to MCS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ten patients (26%) declared a benefit in their motor function. Eight presented objective evidence of recovered dexterity for rapid alternating movements. A minor proportion had improvement in dystonic posture (n = 2), but none had detectable increased motor strength or tonus changes. Overall, 73% of the patients with limb ataxia declared a benefit after MCS. In 6 out of 10 patients (60%), the anatomic lesion responsible for pain was restricted to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. All of them had either clinical or electrophysiological evidence of lemniscal dysfunction (proprioceptive ataxia). No correlation was found between the scores of pain relief and the modification of motor status. The correlation between thalamic lesions and benefits in motor performance was significant (Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed, p = 0.0017). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Up to 26% of patients estimated that MCS improved their motor outcome through recovered dexterity and in cases of lateral thalamic lesions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123545
title: Supplementary Material for: Synthetic Immunomodulatory Peptide IDR-1002 Enhances Monocyte Migration and Adhesion on Fibronectin

description: Regulation of the immune system by immunomodulatory agents, such as the synthetic innate defense regulator (IDR) peptides, has been proposed as a potential strategy to strengthen host immune responses against infection. IDR peptides confer protection in vivo against a range of bacterial infections and have been developed as components of single-dose vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to modulate innate immunity, correlating with an increased recruitment of monocytes to sites of infection or immunization. However, the mechanisms by which IDR peptides augment monocyte recruitment remain poorly defined. Anti-infective peptide IDR-1002 was demonstrated here to lack direct monocyte chemoattractive activity yet enhance, by up to 5-fold, the ability of human monocytes to migrate on fibronectin towards chemokines. This effect correlated with an increased adhesion of monocytes and THP-1 cells to fibronectin by IDR-1002 and other IDR peptides and the adhesion of THP-1 cells to fibronectin occurred in a β<sub>1</sub>-integrin-dependent manner, corresponding with an increased activation of β<sub>1</sub>-integrins and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. PI3K- and Akt-specific inhibitors abrogated IDR-1002-induced adhesion and activation of β<sub>1</sub>-integrins, whereas p38 and MEK1 inhibitors did not affect, or moderately inhibited, adhesion, respectively. Furthermore, IDR-1002 enhancement of monocyte migration towards chemokines and activation of β<sub>1</sub>-integrins was abrogated in the presence of PI3K- and Akt-specific inhibitors. In summary, IDR-1002 enhanced monocyte migration on fibronectin through promotion of β<sub>1</sub>-integrin-mediated interactions regulated by the PI3K-Akt pathway, revealing a mechanism by which IDR-1002 promotes monocyte recruitment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123554.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Can Healthy Lifestyle Modify Risk Factors for Dementia? Findings from a Pilot Community-Based Survey in Chennai (India) and Newcastle (UK)

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Currently there are no effective treatments available for dementia. Attention has turned to defining preventive strategies and identifying modifying effects of lifestyle, including physical activity, diet, alcohol intake and smoking, in reducing cognitive decline and overt memory problems in the elderly. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, we addressed the modifying aspects of various components of lifestyle in two ageing samples and explored the possible effects that exercise, diet and spiritual and religious beliefs have upon physical and mental health. A total of 251 subjects (128 in Chennai, India, and 123 in Newcastle, UK) filled in a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle habits. Data were analysed with χ<sup>2</sup> analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our findings highlight that spiritual and religious beliefs promoted good physical and mental health and were negatively associated with risk factors for dementia, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol level and diabetes. Lifelong diet and physical activity also contributed to better overall well-being in both samples. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study suggests substantial lifestyle variations between two urban populations in Chennai, India, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Further detailed work is required to identify the lifestyle components that have the greatest impact on modifying the known risk factors for dementia.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5123536
title: Supplementary Material for: Rear-Side Localization of the Centrosome in Migrating Neuroblastoma Neuro-2a Cells and Its Roles in Process Elongation

description: Axon elongation is usually performed by the migration of growth cones that leave axons. Axon microtubules are generated by enhanced polymerization of tubulin in the growth cones. Some kinds of neurons like cerebellar granule cells, however, generate axons as a result of migration of the cell body leaving axons at the rear. The mechanism to generate microtubules during such growth cone-independent elongation of axons is not well understood. To establish an experimental model to study this mechanism, we cultured neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells on substrates that facilitate cell migration. When cultured on laminin-treated substrate, cells migrated actively and left processes at the rear. We investigated the role of the centrosome in this process formation. The centrosomes were always located at the base of the processes, i.e., at the rear side of the migrating cell body. Close observation of cytoskeletons revealed microtubules limited around the centrosomes, but concentrated at the periphery of the cells or within the processes. Microtubule regrowth experiments showed the ability of the centrosomes to nucleate microtubules. We thus examined the role of microtubule release from the centrosomes, by knocking down the expression of spastin, a microtubule-severing enzyme. Introducing siRNA for spastin into Neuro-2a cells reduced both the migration speed and the length of the processes. Taken together, Neuro-2a cells on laminin proved useful as a model to study the alternative type of axon elongation in which cell migration leaves axons at the rear. This model provided evidence for the involvement of microtubule release from centrosomes in the mechanisms for this type of process elongation.