cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/qksr-b471
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mawmluh Cave, India Holocene Stalagmite d18O Data

description: The emergence of high-resolution proxy records from the Asian Monsoon region suggest that the monsoon system is bistable and can abruptly transition between a suppressed and active state. This observation is critical in considering how the monsoon system may have influenced the development of societies across South and East Asia during the Holocene.  Using a new high-resolution (~5 years/sample) speleothem stable isotope record from Northeast India that spans the early and mid-Holocene, a number of abrupt changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation (d18O) are documented. The most dramatic of these events occurred ~4,000 years ago when, over the course of approximately a decade, isotopic values abruptly rose above any seen during the early to mid Holocene and remained at this anomalous state for almost two centuries.  This event occurs nearly synchronously with climatic changes documented in a number of proxy records across North Africa, the Middle East, the Tibetan Plateau, Southern Europe and perhaps as far as North America. The changes in d18O were likely driven by a dynamic response of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) to changes in surface heating on the Tibetan Plateau and/or to large-scale ocean dynamics in the Indian Ocean Basin.  At this point, a quantitative characterization of the change in the ISM is hindered by unconstrained aspects of the regional response of d18O to climate, but we hypothesize the excursion could represent a shift towards an earlier monsoon withdrawal, a more northerly vapor source region or a general decline in the total amount of monsoon precipitation.  The new record provides a very significant advance with respect to age control and sample resolution of terrestrial climate change over South Asian during this period when a number of major societal changes occurred. While evidence of a causal relationship between climate and the re-organization of the Indus Valley and Old Kingdom Nile civilizations is beyond the scope of this study, the tight age constraints of the record show with a high degree of certainty that much of the documented de-urbanization of the Indus Valley at 3.9k yr BP occurred after multiple decades of a shift in the monsoon's character but before the monsoon returned to its previous mid-Holocene state.
description: d18O from a calcitic stalagmite (KM-A) from Mawmluh Cave, located in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya in northeast India. Dating is based on 8 U/Th series dates, which are described in the publication text. Note that the age uncertainty is substantially larger during the early part of the record (prior to ~7KYrBP). Mawmluh Cave, India: 25°15'44"N, 91°52'54"E, 1290m elevation.
DOI: 10.25921/qy0t-5y55
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Diva de Maura Cave, Brazil 2700 Year Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data

description: We present the first high resolution, approximately ~4 years sample spacing, precipitation record from northeastern Brazil (hereafter referred to as 'Nordeste') covering the last ~3000 yrs from 230Th-dated stalagmites oxygen isotope records. Our record shows abrupt fluctuations in rainfall tied to variations in the intensity of the South American summer monsoon (SASM), including the periods corresponding to the Little Ice Age (LIA), the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and an event around 2800 yr B.P. Unlike other monsoon records in southern tropical South America, dry conditions prevailed during the LIA in the Nordeste. Our record suggests that the region is currently undergoing drought conditions that are unprecedented over the past 3 millennia, rivaled only by the LIA period. Using spectral, wavelet and cross-wavelet analyses we show that changes in SASM activity in the region are mainly associated with variations of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and to a lesser degree caused by fluctuations in tropical Pacific SST. Our record also shows a distinct periodicity around 210 years, which has been linked to solar variability.
description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) collected in the Diva de Maura, Torrinha and Lapa Doce cave systems, located near Iraquara City in Bahia State, in the southern portion of the Nordeste region of Brazil. The DV2 sample is a 25-cm-long stalagmite collected in Diva Cave which grew continuously during most of the last 2850 years except for the last century. The missing modern portion of the DV2 isotope record is complemented with the stalagmites TR5 and LD12 (12°20’S, 41°36’W) that cover the last 130 years.
DOI: 10.25921/q2j9-g409
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Büntgen - Solipherdi - PISY - ITRDB GEOR006

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.
DOI: 10.25921/qg9j-2818
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Red Sea Coral Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca covering 1760-2009 CE

description: Climate model simulations of the summer South Asian Monsoon predict increased rainfall in response to anthropogenic warming. However, instrumental data show a decline in Indian rainfall in recent decades, underscoring the critical need for additional, independent records of past monsoon variability. Here, we present new reconstructions of annual summer South Asian Monsoon circulation over the past 250 years, based on the geochemical barium-calcium signature of dust present in Red Sea corals. These records reveal how monsoon circulation has evolved with warming climate, and indicate a significant multicentury-long monsoon intensification, with decreased multidecadal variance. Stronger monsoon circulation would have increased the moisture transport from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal over the Indian subcontinent. If these trends continue, the monsoon circulation and associated moisture transport and precipitation will remain strong and stable for several decades.
DOI: 10.25921/qysx-kh02
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wiles - Great Nunatak - TSME - ITRDB AK107

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: 
# 
#  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/q533-3892
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Huangye Cave, China 1860 Year Oxygen Isotope Data

description: We developed a composite oxygen isotopic record of cave calcite for the last 1860 years based on three stalagmites from the Huangye Cave in eastern Gansu Province, northern China. The d18O values reflect monsoon precipitation changes, with lower d18O values representing higher precipitation and vice versa. Three intervals of high precipitation were identified at AD 138-450, AD 730-1200, and AD 1860-1960. Two intervals of low precipitation occurred at AD 1320-1410 and AD 1530-1860. The reconstructed monsoon precipitation variations correlate well with other records further east in the eastern Yellow River Basin, suggesting synchronous precipitation changes during the late Holocene in the semi-humid region of northern China on decadal to centennial scales. Peak periods of warfare in dynastic transition times, such as at AD 391-420, AD 601-630, AD 1111-1140, AD 1351-1380, and AD 1621-1650, correspond to sharp declines in precipitation or temperature in semi-humid northern China, indicating a strong connection between climatic and societal changes. Our study suggests that climatic deterioration in semi-humid northern China has played an important role in Chinese societal evolution.
description: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from three stalagmites from Huangye Cave 
in eastern Gansu Province, northern China, combined to construct 
a precisely dated, continuous d18O record for the last 1860 years. 
To generate the composite record for the last 1860 years from the 
three stalagmites, we adjusted the d18O offsets to the HY2 (0.2 per mil) 
and HY3 (1.1 per mil) records on the level of HY1. The HY1 record 
and the adjusted HY2 and HY3 records were then combined to construct 
a new record. The new record was composed of: 
(i) the HY3 record from AD 1308 to the present (adjusted to the level of HY1), 
(ii) the original HY1 record between AD 760 and 1305, and 
(iii) the HY2 record between AD 138 and 754 (adjusted to the level of HY1). 
Finally, the new record was normalized and a composite Huangye d18OR record 
was generated.
DOI: 10.25921/qg69-f575
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sahara-Sahel Holocene Paleohydrological Database

description: The examination of more than 1500 paleohydrological dated records collected between 10 and 28°N during the last 50 years have been used to improve our knowledge and understanding of the Sahara and Sahel vulnerability to the Atlantic monsoon changes in the long-term. We have analyzed the distribution of water bodies (mainly lakes and wetlands) over time and space: the central Saharan massifs played a major role in favoring water supply to the lowlands throughout the whole African Humid Period. In addition, distinct East-West dynamics is recorded with humidity starting - and stopping - several millennia earlier to the east than to the west of the Sahara. 

A series of time lags are discussed: (1) between the maximum of deep (fresh water) lake formation during the early Holocene and the maximum of water body extensions during the mid-Holocene which highlight the primary role of aquifer water level in lake response to climate change (2) between the hydrological history of the Sahara and the Sahel and the forcings - mainly insolation changes - during the early and mid-Holocene which involves complex interactions between remnant ice sheet in the Northern Hemisphere, open water bodies in the Sahara and Sahel and the Atlantic monsoon system.
description: Database of Holocene paleohydrological reconstructions derived 
from published sources for the Sahara and Sahel, 10°N to 28°N. 
The former extent of lakes, wetlands and rivers can be 
reconstructed by a variety of paleolimnological evidence 
including abandoned shorelines, sediment outcrops, aquatic 
pollen types from sediment cores, remains of aquatic faunas 
such as hippos, fishes and shells, and former fluvial terraces. 
Paleohydrological variations can also be inferred from 
paleosalinity reconstructions from micro-faunal assemblages 
(diatoms, chironomids, ostracods) and stable isotope ratios 
in carbonates.  This data set is composed of 1688 dated samples 
from about 415 localities in the present day Sahara and Sahel, 
extracted from original published studies. 

The file has been slightly modified from the original version 
used for the paper: new references have been included, 
and unpublished data have been removed.
DOI: 10.25921/qes5-ah95
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Buckley - Phu Kradung - PIMK - ITRDB TH003

description: The Asian monsoon system affects more than half of humanity worldwide, yet the dynamical processes that govern its complex spatiotemporal variability are not sufficiently understood to model and predict its behavior, due in part to inadequate long-term climate observations. Here we present the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), a seasonally resolved gridded spatial reconstruction of Asian monsoon drought and pluvials over the past millennium, derived from a network of tree-ring chronologies. MADA provides the spatiotemporal details of known historic monsoon failures and reveals the occurrence, severity, and fingerprint of previously unknown monsoon megadroughts and their close linkages to large-scale patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures. MADA thus provides a long-term context for recent monsoon variability that is critically needed for climate modeling, prediction, and attribution.
description: Purpose of Collection:  
# Climatology - precipitation analysis NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/qska-vt14
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Wilson - Am Brixener Str. 9 Regensburg Historical Timbers - PCAB - ITRDB GERM108

description: This paper presents a 500 year March-August precipitation reconstruction for the Bavarian Forest region of southeast Germany based on a composite, well-replicated data set of 676 living and historical tree-ring width series from Norway spruce. Two versions of the chronology are developed. The cubic smoothing spline (SPL) chronology, standardized with a fixed 80 year spline function, retains decadal and higher frequency variation. The regional curve standardization (RCS) chronology uses regional curve standardization to retain additional lower frequency variation from the same data. Calibration (1879-1978) of these chronologies with March-August precipitation indicates they explain 40% (SPL) and 34% (RCS) of the variability in the instrumental precipitation record. The SPL reconstruction models the high frequency variation better, whereas the RCS reconstruction tracks the low-frequency trends more robustly. It suggests that spring-summer precipitation was above the long-term average for the periods 1730-1810 and 1870-2000, about average between 1560 and 1610 and that significantly drier periods occurred during 1510-60, 1610-35, 1660-1730 and 1830-70. The low-frequency trends of the RCS reconstruction during the 19th century were verified by comparison with a regional precipitation series derived from 14 long precipitation records from central Europe. Better verification results were obtained using the original (non-homogenized) records over this interval. These results suggest that some low-frequency variability may have been removed during correction of these early records. Periods of synchronous decadal variability were observed between the SPL series and independent dendroclimatic reconstructions from central Europe. The RCS reconstruction is the first dendroclimatic precipitation reconstruction in Europe to capture low-frequency information. These long-term trends, however, are difficult to verify owing to the paucity of other proxy precipitation records in central Europe that portray low-frequency information. Further verification and testing of the RCS reconstruction will require the development of additional reconstructions from tree-rings (or other proxy data series) that similarly target low-frequency variability.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/qkzd-yh23
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Subtropical NW Atlantic ODP1058 Mid-Pleistocene G. ruber d18O Data

description: We use the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1058 in the subtropical northwestern Atlantic to construct a high-resolution (~800 year) climate record spanning the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (~410 ka to 1350 ka). We investigate whether or not millennial-scale instabilities in the proxy record are associated with the extent of continental glaciation. G. ruber d18O values display high-frequency fluctuations throughout the record, but the amplitude about mean glacial and interglacial d18O values increases at marine isotope stage (MIS) 22 (880 ka) and is highest during MIS 12. These observations support that millennial-scale climate instabilities are associated with ice sheet size. Time series analysis illustrates that these variations have significant concentration of spectral power centered on periods of ~10-12 ka and ~5 ka. The timing of these fluctuations agrees well, or coincides with, the periodicities of the second and fourth harmonics, respectively, of precessional forcing at the equator. An insolation-based origin of the millennial-scale instabilities would be independent of ice volume and explains the presence of these fluctuations before the mid-Pleistocene climate transition as well as during interglacial intervals (e.g., MIS 37 and 17). Because the amplitude of the millennial-scale variations increases during the mid-Pleistocene transition, feedback mechanisms associated with the growth of large, 100-ka-paced, polar ice sheets may be important amplifiers of regional surface water hydrographic changes.
description: The data set summarizes Globigerinoides ruber d18O data from 
Site 1058 spanning Marine Isotope Stages 12-42 (410-1350 Ka). 
Note that G. ruber between 56.30 and 85.13 mcd were published 
by Billups et al. 2006.
DOI: 10.25921/qznc-m246
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Eastern Equatorial Pacific LGM-Holocene G. ruber d18O Data

description: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest engine of interannual climate variability on the planet, yet its past behavior and potential for future change are poorly understood and vigorously contested. Reconstructions of past ENSO are indispensable for testing climate models tasked with predicting future ENSO activity in a warming world, but suitable geologic archives are scarce, especially for the last glacial period. Here we reconstruct mean climate and ENSO variability in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from oxygen isotopic ratios (d18O) of individual foraminifera retrieved from deep-sea sediments. Our results document coordinated adjustments of the tropical Pacific/ENSO system between two diametrically opposite states: an "amplified ENSO" state in the LGM associated with a reduced zonal temperature gradient, and a "damped ENSO" state in the Mid-Holocene with enhanced gradient. Orbital precession provided the switch between these states and acted as the dominant external driver of the tropical Pacific/ENSO system in the past 25,000 years. The linked response of the mean state and variability to orbital forcing provides an integrated framework for testing ENSO theory and models.
description: Globigerinoides ruber (white) individual d18O spanning the Holocene and LGM from sediment core V21–30 in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) near the Galapagos Islands
DOI: 10.25921/qnwr-8691
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Pacupahuain Cave, Peru Glacial Stable Isotope and Greyscale Data

description: The climate of the Last Glacial period (10,000 to 110,000 years ago) was characterized by rapid millennial-scale climate fluctuations termed Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) and Heinrich events. We present results from a speleothem-derived proxy of the South American summer monsoon (SASM) from 16,000 to 50,000 years ago that demonstrate the occurrence of D/O cycles and Heinrich events. This tropical Southern Hemisphere monsoon reconstruction illustrates an antiphase relationship to Northern Hemisphere monsoon intensity at the millennial scale. Our results also show an influence of Antarctic millennial-scale climate fluctuations on the SASM. This high-resolution, precisely dated, tropical precipitation record can be used to establish the timing of climate events in the high latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
description: The Pacupahuain Cave P09PH2 stalagmite sample is record of paleoclimatic 
change in tropical South America during the Last Glacial period between 
16,000 and 50,000 years ago. The age model is based on 17 U/Th ages. 
Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (d18O and d13C, per mil VPDB) 
were measured on 1076 micromilled samples taken along the growth axis. 
Greyscale data was determined using ImageJ software.  Average sampling 
resolution is approximately 30 years.
DOI: 10.25921/q8qm-w256
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - D'Arrigo - Salt Water Pond - PCGL - ITRDB CANA311

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/q75x-n262
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Esper  - Pakistan High Hun - JUSP - ITRDB PAKI008

description: We present an analysis of 28 juniper tree-ring sites sampled over the last decades by several research teams in the Tien Shan and Karakorum mountains of western central Asia. Ring-width chronologies were developed on a site-by-site basis, using a detrending technique designed to retain low-frequency climate variations. Site chronologies were grouped according to their distance from the upper timberline in the Tien Shan (~3,400 m a.s.l.) and Karakorum (~4,000 m), and low- and high-elevation composite chronologies combining data from both mountain systems developed. Comparison of these elevational subsets revealed significant coherence (r = 0.72) over the 1438–1995 common period, which is inconsistent with the concept of differing environmental signals captured in tree-ring data along elevational gradients. It is hypothesized that the uniform growth behavior in central Asian juniper trees has been forced by solar radiation variations controlled via cloud cover changes, but verification of this assumption requires further fieldwork. The high-elevation composite chronology was further compared with existing temperature reconstructions from the Karakorum and Tien Shan, and long-term trend differences discussed. We concluded that the extent of warmth during medieval times cannot be precisely estimated based on ring-width data currently available.
description: Purpose of Collection: 
# Dendroclimatology
# 
# Cores and cross-sections are stored at: 
# WSL
#  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08.