DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3qk15
title: Data from: Assessing bundles of ecosystem services from regional to landscape scale: insights from the French Alps

description: 1. Assessments of ecosystem services (ES) and biodiversity (hereafter
 ecological parameters) provide a comprehensive view of the links between
 landscapes, ecosystem functioning and human well-being. The investigation
 of consistent associations between ecological parameters, called bundles,
 and of their links to landscape composition and structure is essential to
 inform management and policy, yet it is still in its infancy. 2. We mapped
 over the French Alps an unprecedented array of 18 ecological parameters
 (16 ES and two biodiversity parameters) and explored their co-occurrence
 patterns underpinning the supply of multiple ecosystem services in
 landscapes. We followed a three-step analytical framework to i) detect the
 ES and biodiversity associations relevant at regional scale, ii) identify
 the clusters supplying consistent bundles of ES at subregional scale and
 iii) explore the links between landscape heterogeneity and ecological
 parameter associations at landscape scale. 3. We used successive
 correlation coefficients, overlap values and self-organizing maps to
 characterize ecological bundles specific to given land cover types and
 geographical areas of varying biophysical characteristics and human uses
 at nested scales from regional to local. 4. The joint analysis of land
 cover richness and ES gamma diversity demonstrated that local landscape
 heterogeneity alone did not imply compatibility across multiple ecosystem
 services, as some homogeneous landscape could supply multiple ecosystem
 services. 5. Synthesis and applications. Bundles of ecosystem services and
 biodiversity parameters are shaped by the joint effects of biophysical
 characteristics and of human history. Due to spatial congruence and to
 underlying functional interdependencies, ecological parameters should be
 managed as bundles even when management targets specific objectives.
 Moreover, depending on the abiotic context, the supply of multiple
 ecosystem services can arise either from deliberate management in
 homogeneous landscapes or from spatial heterogeneity.
description: Main land use
 classesThis file contains GIS
 information on the main land use classes over the study area (French Alps)
 at a resolution of 1*1km. Classes come from aggregated Corine Land Cover
 2006 classes.land_use.zipRichness in ecosystem servicesThis file contains GIS information on the aggregated distribution of ecosystem services (ES) over the study area (French Alps). Sixteen ES were included as binary datasets (presence/absence - threshold at third quartile) to calculate the number of present ES at a resolution of 1*1km.ES_richness.zipSelf-Organising Map on ecosystem service distributionsThis file contains GIS information on the self-organising map obtained from ecosystem service (ES) distributions over the study area (French Alps) at a resolution of 1*1km. Sixteen ES were included to cluster the area into five groups presenting similar ecological profiles. The Self-Organising Map was obtained using Kohonen's algorithms.SOM.zip