cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045416
title: Screening of soybean cultivars resistant to black root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina). Summa Phytopathologica

description: ABSTRACT The screening of genotypes resistant to black root rot in the field has high cost and high variability, since a large number of external factors can affect the behavior of plants and even of the fungus, according to the place and the year of cultivation. Screening of varieties resistant to the rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina at greenhouse presents greater uniformity and stability of results once the conditions are controlled. However, it is recommended that the results obtained in a protected environment present good correlation to the results obtained in the field in order to be adopted as a screening protocol. Thus, this study aimed to compare the efficiency of screening methods at greenhouse and check their correlation with the behavior of soybean varieties in a field test. The evaluated screening methods were mycelium disc on cut stem; stem puncture with colonized toothpick; soil infested by inoculum produced in rice grains (1g, 5g and 10g per kg of soil); and irrigation with suspension of microsclerotia (3x104 and 6x104 CFU/mL) onto seedling roots. The field trial was set in an area with history of the disease occurrence, and the soil was infested with sorghum seeds colonized with M. phaseolina in the sowing groove. Plants inoculated on the stem, at greenhouse, were subjected to two humidity conditions: humid chamber for three days after inoculation and absence of humid chamber. The disease severity was determined based on the length of the lesion, for the method of mycelium disc on cut stem, and on a scale of notes referring to the root lesion, for the methods of stem puncture with colonized toothpick, suspension of microsclerotia and soil infested by inoculum. For the latter, the height of plants was also evaluated. The methods of stem cut and colonized toothpick were the best to discriminate genotypes, while the absence of humid chamber provided greater severity of the disease. In general, BMX Apolo was more susceptible to the disease, while GDM15I029 and BMX Elite showed more resistance. There was a reduction in the height of plants inoculated by soil infestation, especially for the higher inoculum concentration. Inoculation with inoculum suspension was efficient only at the highest inoculum level, and allowed to differentiate genotypes for severity, showing that BMX Tornado was more susceptible than GDM15I029. There was a significant correlation with the field data only for the method of mycelium disc on cut stem, with (rs = 0.84) and without humid chamber (rs = 0.80). The results suggest that screening for resistance to black root rot at greenhouse using the method of cut stem is efficient and representative of the behavior of soybean genotypes under field conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045416.v1
title: Screening of soybean cultivars resistant to black root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina). Summa Phytopathologica

description: ABSTRACT The screening of genotypes resistant to black root rot in the field has high cost and high variability, since a large number of external factors can affect the behavior of plants and even of the fungus, according to the place and the year of cultivation. Screening of varieties resistant to the rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina at greenhouse presents greater uniformity and stability of results once the conditions are controlled. However, it is recommended that the results obtained in a protected environment present good correlation to the results obtained in the field in order to be adopted as a screening protocol. Thus, this study aimed to compare the efficiency of screening methods at greenhouse and check their correlation with the behavior of soybean varieties in a field test. The evaluated screening methods were mycelium disc on cut stem; stem puncture with colonized toothpick; soil infested by inoculum produced in rice grains (1g, 5g and 10g per kg of soil); and irrigation with suspension of microsclerotia (3x104 and 6x104 CFU/mL) onto seedling roots. The field trial was set in an area with history of the disease occurrence, and the soil was infested with sorghum seeds colonized with M. phaseolina in the sowing groove. Plants inoculated on the stem, at greenhouse, were subjected to two humidity conditions: humid chamber for three days after inoculation and absence of humid chamber. The disease severity was determined based on the length of the lesion, for the method of mycelium disc on cut stem, and on a scale of notes referring to the root lesion, for the methods of stem puncture with colonized toothpick, suspension of microsclerotia and soil infested by inoculum. For the latter, the height of plants was also evaluated. The methods of stem cut and colonized toothpick were the best to discriminate genotypes, while the absence of humid chamber provided greater severity of the disease. In general, BMX Apolo was more susceptible to the disease, while GDM15I029 and BMX Elite showed more resistance. There was a reduction in the height of plants inoculated by soil infestation, especially for the higher inoculum concentration. Inoculation with inoculum suspension was efficient only at the highest inoculum level, and allowed to differentiate genotypes for severity, showing that BMX Tornado was more susceptible than GDM15I029. There was a significant correlation with the field data only for the method of mycelium disc on cut stem, with (rs = 0.84) and without humid chamber (rs = 0.80). The results suggest that screening for resistance to black root rot at greenhouse using the method of cut stem is efficient and representative of the behavior of soybean genotypes under field conditions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045413
title: Residual polysaccharides from fungi reduce the bacterial spot in tomato plants

description: Abstract Polysaccharides from fungal wastes were partially characterized and evaluated for their protective effects against bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas gardneri on four tomato cultivars: Santa Cruz Kada, Natália, BRS Sena and Forty. The polysaccharides were extracted from spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus, residual brewery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and basidiocarps discarded from Lentinula edodes production. These polysaccharides were characterized for total carbohydrates, phenolics and proteins content, pH, scatter intensity, conductivity, Zeta potential, DPPH scavenging assay and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of time interval between treatment and inoculation (4 or 7 days) and polysaccharide concentrations (0.5 or 1.5 mg.mL–1) were assessed for disease severity using a susceptible tomato cultivar. The polysaccharide action mode was investigated by determining the activity of peroxidases and phenylalanine ammonialyase and by quantifying flavonoids and total phenolics in the plants treated and challenged with X. gardneri. The polysaccharides obtained from Lentinula edodes (PSHII), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PRC) and Pleurotus ostreatus (PSPO) (1.5 mg.mL-1) reduced bacterial spot severity by 50% on tomato cotyledons, leaflets and five-leaf plants. Furthermore, PRC and PSHII (1.5 mg.mL–1) could decrease disease severity in all tested cultivars. PSHII, the most effective, did not cause change in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity or flavonoid content on the cultivars Kada and Natália. However, an increase in peroxidase activity and total phenol content on cv. Kada was noted. The polysaccharides obtained from food industry wastes could provide protection against bacterial spot on tomato cultivars by inducing defense mechanisms and can be useful in formulating products with phytosanitary potential.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045413.v1
title: Residual polysaccharides from fungi reduce the bacterial spot in tomato plants

description: Abstract Polysaccharides from fungal wastes were partially characterized and evaluated for their protective effects against bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas gardneri on four tomato cultivars: Santa Cruz Kada, Natália, BRS Sena and Forty. The polysaccharides were extracted from spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus, residual brewery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and basidiocarps discarded from Lentinula edodes production. These polysaccharides were characterized for total carbohydrates, phenolics and proteins content, pH, scatter intensity, conductivity, Zeta potential, DPPH scavenging assay and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of time interval between treatment and inoculation (4 or 7 days) and polysaccharide concentrations (0.5 or 1.5 mg.mL–1) were assessed for disease severity using a susceptible tomato cultivar. The polysaccharide action mode was investigated by determining the activity of peroxidases and phenylalanine ammonialyase and by quantifying flavonoids and total phenolics in the plants treated and challenged with X. gardneri. The polysaccharides obtained from Lentinula edodes (PSHII), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PRC) and Pleurotus ostreatus (PSPO) (1.5 mg.mL-1) reduced bacterial spot severity by 50% on tomato cotyledons, leaflets and five-leaf plants. Furthermore, PRC and PSHII (1.5 mg.mL–1) could decrease disease severity in all tested cultivars. PSHII, the most effective, did not cause change in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity or flavonoid content on the cultivars Kada and Natália. However, an increase in peroxidase activity and total phenol content on cv. Kada was noted. The polysaccharides obtained from food industry wastes could provide protection against bacterial spot on tomato cultivars by inducing defense mechanisms and can be useful in formulating products with phytosanitary potential.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045410
title: Copper supply and fruit yield of young Citrus trees: fertiliser sources and application methods

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the fertiliser sources and application methods of copper (Cu) in citrus trees during the first years of fruit production. Two experiments were set up in an orchard with 3-year-old sweet orange trees, which were applied with three sources of Cu (nitrate, sulfate or EDTA) either via fertigation (Experiment 1) or via foliar sprays (Experiment 2). Regardless of the fertiliser source, Cu application via fertigation was not efficacious to increase the micronutrient concentration in leaves and, consequently, did not affect fruit yield. Conversely, foliar application of Cu, either as nitrate or sulfate, increased this nutrient level in leaves but when applied as copper nitrate, visual phytotoxicity symptoms were verified in leaves due to salt accumulation in the plant canopy, which reduced the fruit yield. Considering the plant growth and intensified phytosanitary management of the orchard with the application of copperbased products after the third year of the experiment, the effects of Cu treatments on fruit yield are expected to be negligible as the trees age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045410.v1
title: Copper supply and fruit yield of young Citrus trees: fertiliser sources and application methods

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the fertiliser sources and application methods of copper (Cu) in citrus trees during the first years of fruit production. Two experiments were set up in an orchard with 3-year-old sweet orange trees, which were applied with three sources of Cu (nitrate, sulfate or EDTA) either via fertigation (Experiment 1) or via foliar sprays (Experiment 2). Regardless of the fertiliser source, Cu application via fertigation was not efficacious to increase the micronutrient concentration in leaves and, consequently, did not affect fruit yield. Conversely, foliar application of Cu, either as nitrate or sulfate, increased this nutrient level in leaves but when applied as copper nitrate, visual phytotoxicity symptoms were verified in leaves due to salt accumulation in the plant canopy, which reduced the fruit yield. Considering the plant growth and intensified phytosanitary management of the orchard with the application of copperbased products after the third year of the experiment, the effects of Cu treatments on fruit yield are expected to be negligible as the trees age.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045407
title: Influence of Macrophomina phaseolina inoculation methodologies on the performance of soybean cultivars

description: ABSTRACT Charcoal rot caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major diseases that causes rot in the root system and stem of soybean plants, and its occurrence has increased at every harvest season. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of M. phaseolina inoculation methodologies on the performance of soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in sub-subdivided plots, containing two soybean cultivars (NA 7337 RR and CD 2737 RR), six inoculation methods (non-inoculated seed, seed inoculated for 48 hours, seed inoculated for 72 hours, soil infestation with three rice grains, soil infestation with six rice grains and soil infestation with nine rice grains) and three evaluation periods (20, 40 and 60 days after sowing) with 6 replicates. Evaluations were performed by measuring the height of plants, diameter of the colon, number of leaves, length and width of leaves and incidence of the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Results of the experiments indicated that the inoculation method using rice grains inoculated with the fungus M. phaseolina provided greater damage to the cultivar NA 7337 RR, but the cultivar CD 2737 RR was influenced by the method of inoculating directly in the soybean seed. The cultivar NA 7337 RR showed to be more tolerant to the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In the evaluation periods, the indirect quantification parameters of the disease progressively evolved at 20, 40 and 60 days. Only control treatment did not present the fungus M. phaseolina and all employed inoculation methods provided the development of the fungus in soybean plants. All inoculation methods were efficient in inoculating M. phaseolina in soybean plants. The method of directly inoculating in the seed for 48 and 72 hours developed early symptoms
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045407.v1
title: Influence of Macrophomina phaseolina inoculation methodologies on the performance of soybean cultivars

description: ABSTRACT Charcoal rot caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major diseases that causes rot in the root system and stem of soybean plants, and its occurrence has increased at every harvest season. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of M. phaseolina inoculation methodologies on the performance of soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in sub-subdivided plots, containing two soybean cultivars (NA 7337 RR and CD 2737 RR), six inoculation methods (non-inoculated seed, seed inoculated for 48 hours, seed inoculated for 72 hours, soil infestation with three rice grains, soil infestation with six rice grains and soil infestation with nine rice grains) and three evaluation periods (20, 40 and 60 days after sowing) with 6 replicates. Evaluations were performed by measuring the height of plants, diameter of the colon, number of leaves, length and width of leaves and incidence of the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Results of the experiments indicated that the inoculation method using rice grains inoculated with the fungus M. phaseolina provided greater damage to the cultivar NA 7337 RR, but the cultivar CD 2737 RR was influenced by the method of inoculating directly in the soybean seed. The cultivar NA 7337 RR showed to be more tolerant to the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In the evaluation periods, the indirect quantification parameters of the disease progressively evolved at 20, 40 and 60 days. Only control treatment did not present the fungus M. phaseolina and all employed inoculation methods provided the development of the fungus in soybean plants. All inoculation methods were efficient in inoculating M. phaseolina in soybean plants. The method of directly inoculating in the seed for 48 and 72 hours developed early symptoms
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045401
title: Viability of probiotic bacteria in bioyogurt with the addition of honey from Jataí and Africanized bees

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of probiotic bacteria in bioyogurt with the addition of honey from Africanized and Jataí bees, in different concentrations. To prepare the fermented milk, reconstituted powdered milk and lactic acid starter culture were used. The bioyogurt was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of storage. Analyzes of pH, titratable acidity, and selective count of the Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 microorganisms were carried out. Counting was done, respectively, on MRS agar, in aerobiosis, and MRS-LP agar, in anaerobiosis, with plates incubated at 37°C for 72 hours. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in split plot, with five treatments: without honey; 5 and 10% honey from Africanized bees, and 5 and 10% honey from Jataí bees. Storage times were evaluated in the split plots. In all treatments, bioyogurt showed counts of 107 CFU g-1 lactic acid bacteria. Probiotic cultures remained viable for 35 days under refrigeration (2-4°C). The interaction between the variation factors affected the probiotic concentration in the bioyogurt. The honeys have a favorable effect on the cell counts of the evaluated microorganisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045401.v1
title: Viability of probiotic bacteria in bioyogurt with the addition of honey from Jataí and Africanized bees

description: Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of probiotic bacteria in bioyogurt with the addition of honey from Africanized and Jataí bees, in different concentrations. To prepare the fermented milk, reconstituted powdered milk and lactic acid starter culture were used. The bioyogurt was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of storage. Analyzes of pH, titratable acidity, and selective count of the Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 microorganisms were carried out. Counting was done, respectively, on MRS agar, in aerobiosis, and MRS-LP agar, in anaerobiosis, with plates incubated at 37°C for 72 hours. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in split plot, with five treatments: without honey; 5 and 10% honey from Africanized bees, and 5 and 10% honey from Jataí bees. Storage times were evaluated in the split plots. In all treatments, bioyogurt showed counts of 107 CFU g-1 lactic acid bacteria. Probiotic cultures remained viable for 35 days under refrigeration (2-4°C). The interaction between the variation factors affected the probiotic concentration in the bioyogurt. The honeys have a favorable effect on the cell counts of the evaluated microorganisms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045395
title: Yield, berry quality and physiological response of grapevine to foliar humic acid application

description: ABSTRACT Environmentally friendly grape growing is an important objective of modern viticulture. The aim of the study was to examine the response of two grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cultivars to humic acids (HA) foliar application as biostimulant in order to provide sustainable viticultural practices for farmers. The experiment was carried out under field conditions and repeated in two consecutive years. In order to evaluate the effect of humic acids application, the grapevines were treated with three concentrations: 30 ml.L-1 (HAT1), 40 ml∙L-1 (HAT2) and 50 ml∙L-1 (HAT3). The grapevines were represented by two grape varieties: cv. Feteasca Regala (cv. FR) and cv. Riesling Italian (cv. RI). Foliar sprays with humic acid derived from vermicompost at a concentration of 50 ml∙L-1 induced a significant increase in the total leaf area, yield and total soluble solids. For several measurements performed in plants we found no significant difference between grapevines treated with HAT2 and those with HAT3. The experimental results in the present study confirm that foliar application with humic acid may improve growth, yield, and berry quality attributes of grapevine.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045395.v1
title: Yield, berry quality and physiological response of grapevine to foliar humic acid application

description: ABSTRACT Environmentally friendly grape growing is an important objective of modern viticulture. The aim of the study was to examine the response of two grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cultivars to humic acids (HA) foliar application as biostimulant in order to provide sustainable viticultural practices for farmers. The experiment was carried out under field conditions and repeated in two consecutive years. In order to evaluate the effect of humic acids application, the grapevines were treated with three concentrations: 30 ml.L-1 (HAT1), 40 ml∙L-1 (HAT2) and 50 ml∙L-1 (HAT3). The grapevines were represented by two grape varieties: cv. Feteasca Regala (cv. FR) and cv. Riesling Italian (cv. RI). Foliar sprays with humic acid derived from vermicompost at a concentration of 50 ml∙L-1 induced a significant increase in the total leaf area, yield and total soluble solids. For several measurements performed in plants we found no significant difference between grapevines treated with HAT2 and those with HAT3. The experimental results in the present study confirm that foliar application with humic acid may improve growth, yield, and berry quality attributes of grapevine.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6045392
title: Correlations between agronomic traits and path analysis for silage production in maize hybrids

description: ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to estimate the correlation coefficients and the consequence of genotypic correlations on direct and indirect effects through path analysis between agronomic traits of maize hybrids used for silage production. Eight (8) topcross hybrids and seven (7) checks were analyzed in completely randomized blocks, with six replications, in two environments: Campos do Goytacazes and Itaocara counties – Rio de Janeiro State, in the crop year 2015/2016. The following agronomic traits were assessed: plant height, first ear height, culm diameter, number of ears, ear yield with straw at silage maturity, ear yield without straw at silage maturity, grain yield at silage maturity, grains ratio in the fresh matter and fresh matter yield. The highest correlation estimates were found between the variables ear yield without straw and grain yield, and between ear yield with straw and ear yield without straw, with magnitudes 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, which indicates that the assessed components explain most of the existing variation in fresh matter yield. According to the path analysis, the trait showing the strongest direct effect on fresh matter yield was the ear yield with straw at silage maturity, in association with the high correlation (r = 0.91), which showed the possibility of achieving significant gains through indirect selection.