DOI: 10.17603/ds2-cnn2-jm75
title: Multi-Hazard Community Resilience Analysis Using Earthquake-Tsunami Fragility Surfaces: Damage and Economic Loss Assessment in the Pseudo Seaside Testbed
title: in Community-Level Multi-Hazard Resilience Analysis Using Earthquake-Tsunami Fragility Surfaces and Monte Carlo Simulation in the Pseudo Seaside Testbed

description: This simulation investigates community-level resilience under earthquake-tsunami multi-hazard scenarios using 3D fragility surfaces. The study applies a Monte Carlo simulation framework to the Pseudo Seaside testbed, a synthetic coastal community model based on Seaside, Oregon, to analyze structural damage, economic loss, and the effectiveness of resilience strategies.

Methodology:

- Fragility Surface Application: The earthquake-tsunami fragility surfaces were used to estimate damage probabilities for different building archetypes, including reinforced concrete (RC) and woodframe structures.

- Monte Carlo Simulation: A high-resolution Monte Carlo approach was employed to model structural failure distributions across various seismic intensities and tsunami inundation depths.

- Comparison of Methodologies: The FEMA combinational rule was assessed alongside the newly developed fragility surface-based approach to evaluate cumulative damage and economic losses.

- Economic Loss Estimation: The direct loss estimation framework integrates replacement cost assessments with probabilistic damage distributions, providing a quantitative measure of resilience.

Key Findings:

- Multi-hazard fragility surfaces provide a more accurate representation of earthquake-tsunami damage than traditional -- - FEMA combinational rules, particularly at higher hazard intensities.
- Economic loss estimations indicate a significant underprediction of damage using independent hazard models, emphasizing the need for integrated multi-hazard analysis.
- The methodology reduces computational time by approximately threefold compared to separate earthquake and tsunami simulations, improving computational efficiency for large-scale community resilience assessments.
- Pseudo Seaside testbed results highlight the necessity of multi-hazard resilience planning, especially for coastal communities at risk of Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) events.

Reusability of Data:
This dataset and simulation framework can be reused for:

- Multi-hazard community resilience studies for other coastal regions.
- Integration into platforms such as IN-CORE for resilience decision-making.
- Calibrating structural fragility functions for earthquake and tsunami hazards.
- Urban planning and mitigation strategy design for disaster risk reduction.
- Benchmarking multi-hazard loss assessment methodologies against FEMA statistical approaches.

The simulation is published on DesignSafe to facilitate open-access collaboration and further advancements in multi-hazard resilience modeling.
description: This project presents a novel methodology for community-level resilience analysis under multi-hazard earthquake-tsunami scenarios by integrating 3D fragility surfaces with Monte Carlo simulation. The study is applied to the Pseudo Seaside testbed, a synthetic coastal community model based on Seaside, Oregon, designed to evaluate structural damage, economic loss, and risk due to successive earthquake and tsunami events.

The dataset includes:

- Fragility surfaces for reinforced concrete (RC) and woodframe buildings under earthquake-tsunami hazards.
- Spatial hazard zones (A-D) based on coastal proximity and risk level.
- Building inventory data, including structural properties, replacement costs, and expected damage states.
- Simulation results, comparing the performance of the FEMA combinational rule with the proposed fragility surface-based methodology.

Reusability of Data
This dataset and methodology can be reused for:

- Community resilience studies for other coastal regions facing earthquake-tsunami hazards.
- Calibration and validation of multi-hazard fragility functions.
- Integration into computational platforms like IN-CORE for advanced resilience modeling.
- Decision support for policymakers, emergency planners, and engineers designing mitigation strategies.

Uniqueness of the Project

- First study to apply earthquake-tsunami fragility surfaces at a community level.
- Incorporates spatially explicit damage assessments using high-resolution Monte Carlo simulations.
- Provides direct economic loss estimates for multi-hazard scenarios.
- Critically evaluates the limitations of the FEMA combinational rule in predicting cumulative losses at higher hazard intensities.

Target Audience
This project is valuable for researchers, engineers, policymakers, and disaster risk analysts interested in:

- Multi-hazard community resilience modeling
- Performance-based earthquake and tsunami engineering
- Computational hazard impact simulation
- Urban planning and disaster preparedness

The project is hosted on DesignSafe to promote open-access research and encourage further development of multi-hazard resilience frameworks.

References:

Harati, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2025). "Fragility Function Development of RC Building Portfolio for Use in Earthquake-Tsunami Community Resilience Studies." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE (Accepted - In Production).

Harati, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2024). "Mainshock-Aftershock Building Fragility Methodology for Community Resilience Modeling." Journal of Structures. DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.117700

Harati, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2024). "Data-Driven Machine Learning for Multi-Hazard Fragility Surfaces in Seismic Resilience Analysis." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. DOI: 10.1111/mice.13356

Harati, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2024). "Community-Level Resilience Analysis Using Earthquake-Tsunami Fragility Surfaces." Journal of Resilient Cities and Structures, 3(2), 101–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.07.006

Harati, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2024). "Impact of Long-Duration Earthquakes on Successive Earthquake-Tsunami Fragilities for Reinforced Concrete Frame Archetypes." Journal of Structural Engineering, 150(10), 1–19. DOI: 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-13018

Harati, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2024). "Methodology to Generate Earthquake-Tsunami Fragility Surfaces for Community Resilience Modeling." Engineering Structures, 305(15), 1–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.117700