DOI: 10.5061/dryad.69p8cz986
title: Supplementary material data for: Unstable environmental conditions constrain the fine-tune between opsin sensitivity and underwater light in an Amazon forest stream fish

description: Visual adaptations can stem from variations in amino acid composition,
 chromophore utilization, and differential opsin gene expression levels,
 enabling individuals to adjust their light sensitivity to environmental
 lighting conditions. In stable environments, adaptations often involve
 amino acid substitutions, whereas in unstable conditions, differential
 gene expression may be a more relevant mechanism. Amazon forest streams
 present diverse underwater lighting conditions and experience short-term
 water colour fluctuations. In these environments, it is less likely for
 genetic and amino acid sequences to undergo modifications that tailor
 opsin proteins to the prevailing lighting conditions, particularly in
 species having several copies of the same gene. The sailfin tetra,
 Crenuchus spilurus, inhabits black and clear water Amazon forest streams.
 The long wavelength sensitivity (LWS) is an important component for
 foraging and courtship. Here, we investigated LWS opsin genes in the
 sailfin tetra. Three copies of LWS1 and two copies of LWS2 genes were
 found. The maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) estimated from the amino
 acid sequences of LWS1 genes exhibited variation among the different
 copies. In contrast, the copies of LWS2 genes showed identical expected
 λmax values. Although the amino acid positions affecting λmax varied among
 LWS genes, they remained consistent among populations living in different
 water colours. The relative expression levels of LWS genes differed
 between gene copies. While not formally tested, our results suggest that
 in fluctuating environments, visual adaptations may primarily stem from
 alterations in gene expression profiles and/or chromophore usage rather
 than precise genetic tuning of protein light sensitivity to environmental
 lighting conditions.
description: These are the nucleotide sequences used for the phylogenetic
 relationship among the genes found in our samples with those genes that
 have been previously described, and the data used to measure the variation
 in the underwater lighting condition in black and clear water Amazon
 streams.
description: # Data for Supplementary Material -
 ## Description of the data
 and file structure These are the nucleotide sequences used for the
 phylogenetic relationship among the genes found in our samples with those
 genes that have been previously described, and the data (values in lux)
 used to measure the variation in the underwater lighting condition in
 black and clear water Amazon igarapés. File =
 Phylogenetic_relationship_genes.fas Lines 1 to 13 = NCBI sequence data
 (starting with the accession number) for each specific opsin gene and
 species that were used for the phylogenetic relationship among the genes
 found in our samples and those previously described. Lines 14 to 19 =
 Genetic data obtained in the BW1 sample that was used for checking the
 phylogenetic relationship among the genes found in our samples with those
 opsin genes that were previously described and are available at NCBI. \#
 File name = Forest_stream_blue_light.csv day = day of the year time = time
 in which the data was sampled day_linear = Counting days for the analysis
 Acara_bottom = Values measured at the Acara igarape at the bottom (in lux)
 Acara_sup = Values measured at the Acara igarape at the surface (in lux)
 Bolivia_bottom = Values measured at the Bolivia igarape at the bottom (in
 lux) Bolivia_sup = Values measured at the Bolivia igarape at the surface
 (in lux) Ipiranga_bottom = Values measured at the Ipiranga igarape at the
 bottom (in lux) Ipiranga_sup = Values measured at the Ipiranga igarape at
 the surface (in lux) Tinga_bottom = Values measured at the Tinga igarape
 at the bottom (in lux) Tinga_sup = Values measured at the Tinga igarape at
 the surface (in lux) Bolivia_new = Data for the Bolivia igarape used for
 the statistical analysis (Transmission of the blue light (%)) Tinga_new =
 Data for the Tinga igarape used for the statistical analysis (Transmission
 of the blue light (%)) Ipiranga_new = Data for the Ipiranga igarape used
 for the statistical analysis (Transmission of the blue light (%))
 Acara_new = Data for the Acara igarape used for the statistical analysis
 (Transmission of the blue light (%)) 'NA' cells represent the
 missing data for that particular variable due to technical issues with the
 equipment used to take the measurements.