DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18s4
title: 'Biosim' for cellular automata modelling of leukaemic stem cell dynamics in acute myeloid leukaemia: insights into predictive outcomes and targeted therapies

description: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematologic malignancy with high
 relapse rates in both adults and children. Leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) are
 central to leukaemopoiesis, treatment response, and relapse and frequently
 associated with measurable residual disease (MRD). However, the dynamics
 of LSCs within the AML microenvironment are not fully understood. This
 study utilized three-dimensional cellular automata (CA) modelling to
 simulate LSC behaviour and treatment response under induction
 chemotherapy. Our study revealed: (1) a correlation between LSC
 persistence post-induction chemotherapy and risk of AML relapse; (2) MRD
 negativity based on LSC count may not reliably predict outcomes,
 supporting clinical evidence that patients with MRD-negative status can
 still be at risk of relapse; (3) prolonged persistence of LSCs
 post-chemotherapy without disruption of normal haematopoiesis, aligning
 with clinical observations of dormant AML clones; (4) early LSC dynamics
 post-induction chemotherapy, characterized by stochastic behaviours and
 movement velocities, are insufficient predictors of long-term prognosis;
 and (5) a distinct spatiotemporal organization of LSCs in later phases
 post-induction chemotherapy is correlated with long-term outcomes. Our
 modelling results provide a theoretical and clinical framework for AML
 research, and future clinical data validation could refine the utility of
 CA modelling for oncological studies.
description: The collection of data is processed using our custom computer
 programs.
description: # 'Biosim' for cellular automata modelling of leukaemic stem
 cell dynamics in acute myeloid leukaemia: insights into predictive
 outcomes and targeted therapies
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18s4](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18s4) Biosim: A Three-Dimensional (3D) Cellular Automaton (CA) Model for LSC-driven Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Chemotherapy Biosim is a 3D CA-based AML model developed as a C++ project in Microsoft Visual Studio. It is designed to visualize and analyse leukemic stem cell (LSC) dynamics, thereby enhancing our understanding of treatment responses and clinical outcomes. ## Description of the data and file structure Components: The Visual Studio Solution comprises Header Files (.h), C++ Source Files (.cpp), and Resource Files, primarily generated using the Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) Library. Primary C++ Source Files and Their Functions: * cell.cpp: Implements the 3D CA-based AML model for spatiotemporal simulations. * biosim.cpp: Central to the Biosim application, defining the CBiosimApp application class. * MainFrm.cpp: Defines the CMainFrame class, controlling SDI frames. * biosimDoc.cpp: Defines the CBiosimDoc class, providing specialized document data. * biosimView.cpp: Defines the CBiosimView class, used to view CBiosimDoc objects. * StdAfx.cpp: Builds a pre-compiled header (PCH) file (biosim.pch) and a pre-compiled object file (StdAfx.obj). Dialog Implementation Files: * apopDialog.cpp: Dialog for changing apoptosis settings. * confDialog.cpp: Dialog for changing transit time settings. * evilDialog.cpp: Dialog for setting leukemic stem cell generation in space. * initcellDialog.cpp: Dialog for setting initial numbers of cells at respective stages. * markDialog1.cpp: Dialog for activating and setting values for the marking function. * removalDialog.cpp: Dialog for activating and setting values for forced removal. * scaleDialog.cpp: Dialog for setting scale ranges for graphs. Input/Output Data Files: * bone.dat: Initializes the distribution of objects in 3D cellular space, assigning state numbers representing bone, vessel, biological cell, or vacant unit to each XYZ coordinate. * data.dat: Initializes parameters for the initial number of cells at respective stages, transit times, and parameters for the forced removal and marking function. * res_out.dat: Outputs the time history of cell populations in 3D space. * res_out.sim: Automatically saves parameter settings from the last run. * res_out.ste: Automatically saves spatial states with 3D coordinates from the last run. * mark*.dat: Outputs status information of the marked cells, with * denoting the automatically incremented output interval number. Running the Project: 1. Start Microsoft Visual Studio and open the solution file `biosim.sln`. 2. Build the project. 3. Run the code by selecting either 'Start Debugging' or 'Start Without Debugging'. ## Sharing/Access information NA