cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832301
title: Effect of downhill walking training on neuromuscular variables

description: Abstract Walking involves small adjustments to maintain body balance. However, thedemand for these adjustments may be different during downhill walking. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of periodized downhill walking training on neuromuscular responses of knee flexors (KF). Seventeen active males (Age = 22.9 ± 3.9 years) were randomly assigned into two groups: control, level walking (CG, N = 8) and downhill walking (DWG, N = 9). Individuals performed the following procedures, in different days: 1) Maximal voluntary contractions to determine peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD) at different time intervals from the onset of muscle contraction. The test was performed before (Pre) and after (Post) a 4-week downhill walking training period. PT and peak RTD did not change after the training period (p &gt; 0.05). However, there was significant increase in RTD at 150 ms and 200 ms after the onset of muscle contraction (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the electromyographic activity (root mean square) of the biceps femoris and semitendineous muscles presented an increase after the training period (p &lt; 0.05). Thus, downhill walking training can promote improvement RTD and muscle activity in the late phase of muscle contraction, which can have important implications during downhill walking, in which a rapid action of KF can help body balance against the disturbance generated by the slope.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832304
title: VIRTUAL SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS: CONCEPTS AND APLICATIONS

description: The search and use of bioactive compounds for different applications have been investigated, since ancient time. Virtual screening (VS) has emerged as alternative methodological approach to the Combinatory Chemistry and High-Throughput Screening (HTS) in identifying novel drug candidates. In VS, only compounds that are selected applying different computational tools to huge virtual libraries of compounds are further tested in vitro. However, the effective use of VS model applications have some challenges such as the inherent complexity of the ligand-receptor interactions as well as by other factors such as ligand and receptor multiple conformations and also ligand metabolic stabilities and toxicities. Altogether these difficulties are hardly overcome using only one computational tool. Therefore, in the literature, it has been suggested to apply a sequence of different filters, such as filters that select compounds through similarity, pharmacophore and docking. In this review, we describe the advantages, limitations and examples of recent successful applications of some of these filters, including drug-like properties, structural properties, 2D similarity, pharmacophore, shape and docking filters. Moreover, we present the main steps involved in the preparation of virtual libraries of compounds that can be used in the VS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832304.v1
title: VIRTUAL SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS: CONCEPTS AND APLICATIONS

description: The search and use of bioactive compounds for different applications have been investigated, since ancient time. Virtual screening (VS) has emerged as alternative methodological approach to the Combinatory Chemistry and High-Throughput Screening (HTS) in identifying novel drug candidates. In VS, only compounds that are selected applying different computational tools to huge virtual libraries of compounds are further tested in vitro. However, the effective use of VS model applications have some challenges such as the inherent complexity of the ligand-receptor interactions as well as by other factors such as ligand and receptor multiple conformations and also ligand metabolic stabilities and toxicities. Altogether these difficulties are hardly overcome using only one computational tool. Therefore, in the literature, it has been suggested to apply a sequence of different filters, such as filters that select compounds through similarity, pharmacophore and docking. In this review, we describe the advantages, limitations and examples of recent successful applications of some of these filters, including drug-like properties, structural properties, 2D similarity, pharmacophore, shape and docking filters. Moreover, we present the main steps involved in the preparation of virtual libraries of compounds that can be used in the VS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832301.v1
title: Effect of downhill walking training on neuromuscular variables

description: Abstract Walking involves small adjustments to maintain body balance. However, thedemand for these adjustments may be different during downhill walking. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of periodized downhill walking training on neuromuscular responses of knee flexors (KF). Seventeen active males (Age = 22.9 ± 3.9 years) were randomly assigned into two groups: control, level walking (CG, N = 8) and downhill walking (DWG, N = 9). Individuals performed the following procedures, in different days: 1) Maximal voluntary contractions to determine peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD) at different time intervals from the onset of muscle contraction. The test was performed before (Pre) and after (Post) a 4-week downhill walking training period. PT and peak RTD did not change after the training period (p &gt; 0.05). However, there was significant increase in RTD at 150 ms and 200 ms after the onset of muscle contraction (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the electromyographic activity (root mean square) of the biceps femoris and semitendineous muscles presented an increase after the training period (p &lt; 0.05). Thus, downhill walking training can promote improvement RTD and muscle activity in the late phase of muscle contraction, which can have important implications during downhill walking, in which a rapid action of KF can help body balance against the disturbance generated by the slope.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832295
title: Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

description: ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832292
title: Herbicide Mixtures to Control Dayflowers and Drift Effect on Coffee Cultures

description: ABSTRACT: The dayflower species Commelina benghalensis and C. diffusa are among the main weeds in coffee crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides/herbicide mixtures in controlling dayflower species and to evaluate the possible intoxication of coffee cultures, as well as the effect of mixture interactions. Two experiments were conducted, the first one in a 12 x 2 factorial arrangement with 12 herbicides/mixtures (glyphosate, glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2.4-D, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen, glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl, flumioxazin, 2.4-D, oxyfluorfen and carfentrazone-ethyl) and two dayflower species (C. benghalensis and C. diffusa) and the second one, in a 6 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with six herbicides/mixtures (glyphosate, glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2.4-D, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl) and two application forms on coffee plants (reaching 1/3 of the coffee canopy and with a protected canopy), plus a control treatment without herbicides. There was tolerance variation within the dayflower species to the tested herbicides. Commelina benghalensis was controlled by glyphosate, 2.4-D, glyphosate + 2.4-D and glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, while C. diffusa was controlled by 2.4-D and glyphosate mixtures by + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + flumioxazin. The mixture glyphosate + 2.4-D is effective in controlling dayflower, but it caused intoxication and growth reduction of the coffee. There was antagonism in the mixture glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl in controlling both species, as well as for glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + flumioxazin for C. benghalensis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832295.v1
title: Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

description: ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832289
title: Weeds Associated to Different Genotypes of Cocoa in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region

description: ABSTRACT: This work was conducted in the Centro de Pesquisa, Pós-graduação e Preservação Amazônica (CIPCA), located in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region, with the goal to analyze the presence of weeds in promising clones of cocoa. The EET-95, EET-96 and EET-103 promising clones were evaluated, and the control sample was CCN-51. To do so, the relative frequency and distribution of the existing weeds were determined, as well as their biomass, which was statistically analyzed by the ANOVA of a factor and the HSD Tukey’s test. The presence of weeds was influenced by the studied genotypes, due to the fact that promising clones were associated to high frequency and distribution, such as Cyperus odoratus, Megathyrsus maximus, Sauvagesia erecta ssp. erecta. Other species appeared to be associated more to the CCN-51 clone, such as Scleria pterota, Paspalum conjugatuns and Rottboellia cochinchinensis. Higher weed biomass was verified in clone CCN-51.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832292.v1
title: Herbicide Mixtures to Control Dayflowers and Drift Effect on Coffee Cultures

description: ABSTRACT: The dayflower species Commelina benghalensis and C. diffusa are among the main weeds in coffee crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides/herbicide mixtures in controlling dayflower species and to evaluate the possible intoxication of coffee cultures, as well as the effect of mixture interactions. Two experiments were conducted, the first one in a 12 x 2 factorial arrangement with 12 herbicides/mixtures (glyphosate, glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2.4-D, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen, glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl, flumioxazin, 2.4-D, oxyfluorfen and carfentrazone-ethyl) and two dayflower species (C. benghalensis and C. diffusa) and the second one, in a 6 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with six herbicides/mixtures (glyphosate, glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2.4-D, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl) and two application forms on coffee plants (reaching 1/3 of the coffee canopy and with a protected canopy), plus a control treatment without herbicides. There was tolerance variation within the dayflower species to the tested herbicides. Commelina benghalensis was controlled by glyphosate, 2.4-D, glyphosate + 2.4-D and glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, while C. diffusa was controlled by 2.4-D and glyphosate mixtures by + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + flumioxazin. The mixture glyphosate + 2.4-D is effective in controlling dayflower, but it caused intoxication and growth reduction of the coffee. There was antagonism in the mixture glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl in controlling both species, as well as for glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + flumioxazin for C. benghalensis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832286
title: Weed Management with Urochloa ruziziensis in Three Sowing Methods

description: ABSTRACT: This research aimed at investigating which sowing method is more suitable for the deployment of Urochloa ruziziensis to suppress the weed community in no-tillage. The design was a randomized block ones, with a 3 x 2 factorial design, in which the first factor was composed of three sowing methods (broadcast, broadcast with incorporation or line sowing) and factor B consisted in the application and non-application of the herbicide 2,4-D. On day 30 and 60 after sowing (DAS), the relative importance of the present plant species was determined. On day 120 and 180 DAS, the accumulation of biomass and the plant cover percentage on the soil provided by the cover crop and weed species were determined. Moreover, on day 180 DAS, the density of the existing weeds was determined. The weed with the highest occurrence in the area was Conyza canadenses, and the lowest percentage of soil covering by signalgrass and the greates occurrence of weeds occurred with broadcast seeding. It is possible to conclude that the broadcast seeding with the incorporation of signalgrass seeds and line sowing methods provide enough plant cover to suppress weed species, avoiding the application of the herbicide 2,4-D in order to suppress the infesting community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832286.v1
title: Weed Management with Urochloa ruziziensis in Three Sowing Methods

description: ABSTRACT: This research aimed at investigating which sowing method is more suitable for the deployment of Urochloa ruziziensis to suppress the weed community in no-tillage. The design was a randomized block ones, with a 3 x 2 factorial design, in which the first factor was composed of three sowing methods (broadcast, broadcast with incorporation or line sowing) and factor B consisted in the application and non-application of the herbicide 2,4-D. On day 30 and 60 after sowing (DAS), the relative importance of the present plant species was determined. On day 120 and 180 DAS, the accumulation of biomass and the plant cover percentage on the soil provided by the cover crop and weed species were determined. Moreover, on day 180 DAS, the density of the existing weeds was determined. The weed with the highest occurrence in the area was Conyza canadenses, and the lowest percentage of soil covering by signalgrass and the greates occurrence of weeds occurred with broadcast seeding. It is possible to conclude that the broadcast seeding with the incorporation of signalgrass seeds and line sowing methods provide enough plant cover to suppress weed species, avoiding the application of the herbicide 2,4-D in order to suppress the infesting community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832289.v1
title: Weeds Associated to Different Genotypes of Cocoa in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region

description: ABSTRACT: This work was conducted in the Centro de Pesquisa, Pós-graduação e Preservação Amazônica (CIPCA), located in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region, with the goal to analyze the presence of weeds in promising clones of cocoa. The EET-95, EET-96 and EET-103 promising clones were evaluated, and the control sample was CCN-51. To do so, the relative frequency and distribution of the existing weeds were determined, as well as their biomass, which was statistically analyzed by the ANOVA of a factor and the HSD Tukey’s test. The presence of weeds was influenced by the studied genotypes, due to the fact that promising clones were associated to high frequency and distribution, such as Cyperus odoratus, Megathyrsus maximus, Sauvagesia erecta ssp. erecta. Other species appeared to be associated more to the CCN-51 clone, such as Scleria pterota, Paspalum conjugatuns and Rottboellia cochinchinensis. Higher weed biomass was verified in clone CCN-51.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832280
title: Shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without transversal reinforcement

description: Abstract During the last few years, researchers have demonstrated steel fiber reinforced concrete as a promising composite. This composite can replace part of the conventional reinforcement such as like stirrups in beams once the steel fiber increases the shear strength and stiffness, reducing the possibility of sudden rupture. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the addition of steel fiber in the nominal shear strength and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement to the variation of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, steel fiber content and concrete compressive strength. A total of twelve beams were tested using a four point bending test. The experimental results indicated that the use of hooked steel fiber increase the shear strength of beams and alter the pattern of cracks with the formation of at least two diagonal cracks and a greater number of bending cracks providing a warning of the impending beam failure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832283
title: Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Macroptilium lathyroides

description: ABSTRACT: The monitoring of phytochemicals with potentially toxic properties can be assessed by observing the physiological and cellular alterations of the test organism exposed. This present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of Macroptilium lathyroides weed on the cell cycle of lettuce. Bioassays were conducted in a germinator (25 oC) with aqueous extract at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% p v-1, obtained from fresh leaves and roots. For biological, lettuce root meristems were used for the preparation of slides using the technique of squashing. All blades were observed with an optical microscope at a magnitude of 400x. A total of 5,000 cells were analyzed for each treatment, and the number of cells in each phase of mitosis was recorded. Possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities was verified, such as chromatid breaks, anafasic bridges, loss of whole chromosomes or micronuclei formation. These analyzes were conducted only on a qualitative level. Results showed that aqueous extracts of M. lathyroides mitotic caused reduced index with increased concentration. Genotoxic activity was also observed for both extracts tested, since composition resulted in cell cycle changes and chromosomal abnormalities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832283.v1
title: Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Macroptilium lathyroides

description: ABSTRACT: The monitoring of phytochemicals with potentially toxic properties can be assessed by observing the physiological and cellular alterations of the test organism exposed. This present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of Macroptilium lathyroides weed on the cell cycle of lettuce. Bioassays were conducted in a germinator (25 oC) with aqueous extract at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% p v-1, obtained from fresh leaves and roots. For biological, lettuce root meristems were used for the preparation of slides using the technique of squashing. All blades were observed with an optical microscope at a magnitude of 400x. A total of 5,000 cells were analyzed for each treatment, and the number of cells in each phase of mitosis was recorded. Possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities was verified, such as chromatid breaks, anafasic bridges, loss of whole chromosomes or micronuclei formation. These analyzes were conducted only on a qualitative level. Results showed that aqueous extracts of M. lathyroides mitotic caused reduced index with increased concentration. Genotoxic activity was also observed for both extracts tested, since composition resulted in cell cycle changes and chromosomal abnormalities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6832280.v1
title: Shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without transversal reinforcement

description: Abstract During the last few years, researchers have demonstrated steel fiber reinforced concrete as a promising composite. This composite can replace part of the conventional reinforcement such as like stirrups in beams once the steel fiber increases the shear strength and stiffness, reducing the possibility of sudden rupture. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the addition of steel fiber in the nominal shear strength and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement to the variation of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, steel fiber content and concrete compressive strength. A total of twelve beams were tested using a four point bending test. The experimental results indicated that the use of hooked steel fiber increase the shear strength of beams and alter the pattern of cracks with the formation of at least two diagonal cracks and a greater number of bending cracks providing a warning of the impending beam failure.