cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c6qj0
title: Data from: Landscape genetics highlights the role of bank vole metapopulation dynamics in the epidemiology of Puumala hantavirus

description: Rodent host dynamics and dispersal are thought to be critical for
 hantavirus epidemiology as they determine pathogen persistence and
 transmission within and between host populations. We used landscape
 genetics to investigate how the population dynamics of the bank vole
 Myodes glareolus, the host of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), vary with forest
 fragmentation and influence PUUV epidemiology. We sampled vole populations
 within the Ardennes, a French PUUV endemic area. We inferred demographic
 features such as population size, isolation and migration with regard to
 landscape configuration. We next analysed the influence of M. glareolus
 population dynamics on PUUV spatial distribution. Our results revealed
 that the global metapopulation dynamics of bank voles were strongly shaped
 by landscape features, including suitable patch size and connectivity.
 Large effective size in forest might therefore contribute to the higher
 observed levels of PUUV prevalence. By contrast, populations from hedge
 networks highly suffered from genetic drift and appeared strongly isolated
 from all other populations. This might result in high probabilities of
 local extinction for both M. glareolus and PUUV. Besides we detected
 signatures of asymmetric bank vole migration from forests to hedges. These
 movements were likely to sustain PUUV in fragmented landscapes. In
 conclusion, our study provided arguments in favour of source-sink dynamics
 shaping PUUV persistence and spread in heterogeneous, western European
 temperate landscapes. It illustrated the potential contribution of
 landscape genetics to the understanding of the epidemiological processes
 occurring at this local scale.
description: Molecular and spatial
 dataDryad-Guivier-MEC.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r3n45
title: Data from: Are leaf functional traits “invariant” with plant size, and what is “invariance” anyway?

description: Studies of size-related plant traits have established a suite of
 mathematical functions describing whole plant investment and allocation.
 In parallel, studies of plant “economic spectra” have measured the scaling
 and variance composition of traits related to the major dimensions of both
 structure and function. Here we explore the intersection of these two
 broad areas by exploring the notion that many leaf economic traits are
 invariant with species differences in adult plant size. Invariant traits
 are those that do not change with plant size and are invoked as a key
 simplifying assumption of prominent models that purport to explain the
 scaling of plant size and metabolism. Unfortunately, leaf trait invariance
 is neither well defined nor understood, and has never been critically
 evaluated. Using a global plant trait dataset, we evaluated whether nine
 key traits can be considered as effectively invariant as a function of the
 maximum height of plant species, within and across plant growth forms, and
 within and across broad taxonomic groups. We also examine the influence of
 habitat, biome and global spatial scales on the size-relative variance in
 plant functional traits. We suggest that while invariance is an intuitive
 concept, an objective statistical definition is elusive. Expanding on
 ideas drawn from the study of life history invariants, we propose five
 criteria to identify traits that are effectively invariant, depending on
 the research question. We show that all studied “leaf economic spectrum”
 (LES) traits approach invariance within and between herbaceous and woody
 plant groups; angiosperms and gymnosperms; and within most biome and
 habitat types. Individual leaf area, however, shows a modest increase with
 plant size, and there are significant shifts in the average LES trait
 values at a given plant maximum height, among the plant growth forms and
 taxonomic groups. Our results demonstrate that generally, LES traits show
 little interspecific variation with maximum plant height, which provides
 some support for attempts to model plants with “average” leaf properties.
 Our work also highlights the need for a better understanding of the
 drivers of leaf size variation within and across individuals, functional
 groups, clades, biomes and habitats.
description: Price et al Data for
 DryadLeaf functional trait
 data, plant and leaf size, habitat and biome classifications for 540 plant
 species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g6g3h
title: Data from: 40 years of evolution. Darwin's finches on Daphne Major Island

description: This data package contains the data used in constructing the figures of
 the book.
description: Files for
 Dryad1 Readme file and 82
 individual files
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4dt7c
title: Data from: The conditional nature of genetic interactions: the consequences of wild-type backgrounds on mutational interactions in a genome-wide modifier screen

description: The phenotypic outcome of a mutation cannot be simply mapped onto the
 underlying DNA variant. Instead, the phenotype is a function of the
 allele, the genetic background in which it occurs and the environment
 where the mutational effects are expressed. While the influence of genetic
 background on the expressivity of individual mutations is recognized, its
 consequences on the interactions between genes, or the genetic network
 they form, is largely unknown. The description of genetic networks is
 essential for much of biology; yet if, and how, the topologies of such
 networks are influenced by background is unknown. Furthermore, a
 comprehensive examination of the background dependent nature of genetic
 interactions may lead to identification of novel modifiers of biological
 processes. Previous work in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that
 wild-type genetic background influences the effects of an allele of
 scalloped (sd), with respect to both its principal consequence on wing
 development and its interactions with a mutation in optomotor blind. In
 this study we address whether the background dependence of mutational
 interactions is a general property of genetic systems by performing a
 genome wide dominant modifier screen of the sdE3 allele in two wild-type
 genetic backgrounds using molecularly defined deletions. We demonstrate
 that ~74% of all modifiers of the sdE3 phenotype are background-dependent
 due in part to differential sensitivity to genetic perturbation. These
 background dependent interactions include some with qualitative
 differences in the phenotypic outcome, as well as instances of sign
 epistasis. This suggests that genetic interactions are often contingent on
 genetic background, with flexibility in genetic networks due to
 segregating variation in populations. Such background dependent effects
 can substantially alter conclusions about how genes influence biological
 processes, the potential for genetic screens in alternative wild-type
 backgrounds identifying new loci that contribute to trait expression, and
 the inferences of the topology of genetic networks.
description: ChariDworkinPLoSGenetics2013
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.723
title: Data from: Testing hypotheses of chaetognath origins: long branches revealed by 18S ribosomal DNA

description: Many hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic position of the Chaetognatha
 (arrow worms) have been proposed; these organisms are problematic
 primarily because their morphology offers few unambiguous systematic
 characters that ally them with other taxa. Early researchers proposed a
 plethora of phylogenetic placements for the Chaetognatha, grouping them
 with such divergent taxa as acanthocephalans and mollusks, but more
 traditional hypotheses posit that chaetognaths are, in fact,
 deuterostomes. Recently, Telford and Holland (1993, Mol. Biol. Evol.
 10:660--676) and Wada and Satoh (1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
 91:1801--1804) disputed the deuterostome affinities of chaetognaths based
 on 18S nuclear ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene sequence data. By employing
 published 18S rDNA gene sequence data, I extended these previous analyses
 by testing specific hypotheses of chaetognath affinities to nematodes,
 mollusks, acanthocephalans, and deuterostomes. Both parsimony and
 neighbor-joining analyses supported the monophyly of a
 chaetognath--nematode clade. Faith's T-PTP test and winning-sites
 analyses were employed to discriminate among competing hypotheses. The
 possibility of long-branch attraction accounting for the
 chaetognath--nematode relationship was explored by analyzing alternative
 four-taxon trees. An evolutionary scenario for the origin of the
 chaetognath lineage from a vermiform benthic organism is presented.
description: PAUP Data
 SetChaeto.PAUPPHYLIP Data SetChaeto.PHYLIP.DAT
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.68hp8
title: Data from: Maternal effects and maternal selection arising from variation in allocation of free amino acid to eggs

description: Maternal provisioning can have profound effects on offspring phenotypes,
 or maternal effects, especially early in life. One ubiquitous form of
 provisioning is in the makeup of egg. However, only a few studies examine
 the role of specific egg constituents in maternal effects, especially as
 they relate to maternal selection (a standardized selection gradient
 reflecting the covariance between maternal traits and offspring fitness).
 Here, we report on the evolutionary consequences of differences in
 maternal acquisition and allocation of amino acids to eggs. We manipulated
 acquisition by varying maternal diet (milkweed or sunflower) in the large
 milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. Variation in allocation was detected
 by examining two source populations with different evolutionary histories
 and life-history response to sunflower as food. We measured amino acids
 composition in eggs in this 2 × 2 design and found significant effects of
 source population and maternal diet on egg and nymph mass and of source
 population, maternal diet, and their interaction on amino acid composition
 of eggs. We measured significant linear and quadratic maternal selection
 on offspring mass associated with variation in amino acid allocation.
 Visualizing the performance surface along the major axes of nonlinear
 selection and plotting the mean amino acid profile of eggs from each
 treatment onto the surface revealed a saddle-shaped fitness surface. While
 maternal selection appears to have influenced how females allocate amino
 acids, this maternal effect did not evolve equally in the two populations.
 Furthermore, none of the population means coincided with peak performance.
 Thus, we found that the composition of free amino acids in eggs was due to
 variation in both acquisition and allocation, which had significant
 fitness effects and created selection. However, although there can be an
 evolutionary response to novel food resources, females may be constrained
 from reaching phenotypic optima with regard to allocation of free amino
 acids.
description: All data from Ecology
 & Evolution 2015 Newcombe et al.Data on free AA in eggs
 from females (2 populations) reared on 2 different diets (sunflower,
 milkweed). Also hatching weight of offspring and egg size of
 mothers.AA_FERTILE_EGGS_O_fasciatus.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4q80h
title: Data from: Great spotted cuckoo nestlings have no antipredatory effect on magpie or carrion crow host nests in southern Spain

description: Host defences against cuckoo parasitism and cuckoo trickeries to overcome
 them are a classic example of antagonistic coevolution. Recently it has
 been reported that this relationship may turn to be mutualistic in the
 case of the carrion crow (Corvus corone) and its brood parasite, the great
 spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius), given that experimentally and
 naturally parasitized nests were depredated at a lower rate than
 non-parasitized nests. This result was interpreted as a consequence of the
 antipredatory properties of a fetid cloacal secretion produced by cuckoo
 nestlings, which presumably deters predators from parasitized host nests.
 This potential defensive mechanism would therefore explain the detected
 higher fledgling success of parasitized nests during breeding seasons with
 high predation risk. Here, in a different study population, we explored
 the expected benefits in terms of reduced nest predation in naturally and
 experimentally parasitized nests of two different host species, carrion
 crows and magpies (Pica pica). During the incubation phase non-parasitized
 nests were depredated more frequently than parasitized nests. However,
 during the nestling phase, parasitized nests were not depredated at a
 lower rate than non-parasitized nests, neither in magpie nor in carrion
 crow nests, and experimental translocation of great spotted cuckoo
 hatchlings did not reveal causal effects between parasitism state and
 predation rate of host nests. Therefore, our results do not fit
 expectations and, thus, do not support the fascinating possibility that
 great spotted cuckoo nestlings could have an antipredatory effect for host
 nestlings, at least in our study area. We also discuss different
 possibilities that may conciliate these with previous results, but also
 several alternative explanations, including the lack of generalizability
 of the previously documented mutualistic association.
description: Pardepr_compilado
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j65n9
title: Data from: Pair complementarity influences reproductive output in the polymorphic black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus)

description: How multiple morphs are maintained within populations of colour
 polymorphic bird species remains a challenging question in evolutionary
 ecology. In some systems, differential productivity or survival between
 morphs are thought to play a role. Here we examine key demographic
 parameters between the two discrete adult morphs that characterise the
 polymorphic black sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus. Using long-term
 breeding and survival data from a population on the Cape Peninsula, South
 Africa, we test for differences in reproductive performance between light
 and dark morphs, both in isolation and in combination with their partner
 morph and adult survival between morphs. We found that neither morph had a
 specific advantage in terms of productivity or survival. Despite this lack
 of difference between the individual morphs, we did however find that
 morph combination of adult pairs influenced productivity significantly,
 with mixed-pairs producing more offspring per year than pairs consisting
 of the same morph. The body condition of the offspring showed the opposite
 relationship, with nestlings of mixed-pairs having lower body condition
 than nestlings of like-pairs. While our results suggest an advantage of
 mating with the opposite morph, there was no evidence for disassortative
 mating; instead breeding pair morph combinations were random with respect
 to the background frequencies of the two morphs. Higher productivity of
 mixed-pairs may be the result of the complementary nature of care provided
 by the different morphs. We propose that differential foraging success
 between black sparrowhawk morphs under varying light conditions allows
 mixed-pairs to expand their foraging niche. We conclude that emergent
 pair-level properties may play an important role in promoting and
 maintaining polymorphism and may be important for other bird species which
 display bi-parental care.
description: Black Sparrowhawk
 Breeding and SurvivalResightings data used
 for survival analysis and reproductive performance data used to examine
 breeding success, productivity, body condition, brood size, lay date in
 the Black SparrowhawkJAB_A. Melanoleucus
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jk578
title: Data from: Bill morphology and neutral genetic structure both predict variation in acoustic signals within a bird population

description: Adaptive evolutionary divergence within a population can be facilitated by
 associated divergence in mating signals. Acoustic signals are often
 involved in mate choice, and are also known to diverge spatially in
 response to a variety of processes. In birds, for instance, variation in
 bill size and shape can result in correlated changes in vocalizations due
 to functional constraints on sound production. Acoustic signals can also
 vary spatially in relation to neutral genetic structure (due to cultural
 drift) and/or habitat structure (due to acoustic adaptation for optimal
 sound transmission). Here we test these alternative hypotheses as causes
 of variation in acoustic signal structure in the Island Scrub-Jay
 (Aphelocoma insularis), a species that is restricted to one small island
 (Santa Cruz Island, California, USA) and exhibits spatial genetic
 structure and microgeographic divergence in bill morphology across short
 distances and habitat types. We find that bill morphology is related to
 the structure of the female “rattle” call, a vocalization associated with
 territorial disputes and male-female interactions. Females with longer,
 shallower bills produced calls that were more rapid, and those with
 shallower bills also produced calls that were lower in frequency. In
 addition, rattle rapidity varied across the island in accordance with
 neutral genetic structure. Vocal characteristics were not related to
 habitat structure, suggesting that variation in rattle calls is unlikely
 to reflect optimization for sound transmission. Our findings indicate that
 selection on bill morphology and cultural drift can jointly shape
 variation in acoustic signal structure, even at fine spatial scales within
 populations.
description: Langin et al. Behavioral
 Ecology - data archiveThis spreadsheet
 contains vocalization data and associated location, morphology, and
 habitat information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gd23252
title: Data from: Making use of multiple surveys: estimating breeding probability using a multievent-robust design capture-recapture model

description: Increased environmental stochasticity due to climate change will intensify
 temporal variance in the life-history traits, and especially breeding
 probabilities, of long-lived iteroparous species. These changes may
 decrease individual fitness and population viability and is therefore
 important to monitor. In wild animal populations with imperfect individual
 detection, breeding probabilities are best estimated using
 capture-recapture methods. However, in many vertebrate species (e.g.,
 amphibians, turtles, seabirds), non-breeders are unobservable because they
 are not tied to a territory or breeding location. Although unobservable
 states can be used to model temporary emigration of non-breeders, there
 are disadvantages to having unobservable states in capture-recapture
 models. The best solution to deal with unobservable life-history states is
 therefore to eliminate them altogether. Here, we achieve this objective by
 fitting novel multievent-robust design models which utilize information
 obtained from multiple surveys conducted throughout the year. We use this
 approach to estimate annual breeding probabilities of capital breeding
 female elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Conceptually, our approach
 parallels a multistate version of the Barker/robust design in that it
 combines robust design capture data collected during discrete breeding
 seasons with observations made at other times of the year. A substantial
 advantage of our approach is that the non-breeder state became
 “observable” when multiple data sources were analyzed together. This
 allowed us to test for the existence of state-dependent survival (with
 some support found for lower survival in breeders compared to
 non-breeders), and to estimate annual breeding transitions to and from the
 non-breeder state with greater precision (where current breeders tended to
 have higher future breeding probabilities than non-breeders). We used
 program E-SURGE (2.1.2) to fit the multievent-robust design models, with
 uncertainty in breeding state assignment (breeder, non-breeder) being
 incorporated via a hidden Markov process. This flexible modelling approach
 can easily be adapted to suit sampling designs from numerous species which
 may be encountered during and outside of discrete breeding seasons.
description: Multievent
 capture-recapture encounter history matrixEncounter history matrix
 used to model breeding probability of southern elephant seals with a
 multievent-robust design capture-recapture model.1729 PhD
 data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.18nh4
title: Data from: Competition between apex predators? Brown bears decrease wolf kill rate on two continents

description: Trophic interactions are a fundamental topic in ecology, but we know
 little about how competition between apex predators affects predation, the
 mechanism driving top-down forcing in ecosystems. We used long-term
 datasets from Scandinavia (Europe) and Yellowstone National Park (North
 America) to evaluate how grey wolf (Canis lupus) kill rate was affected by
 a sympatric apex predator, the brown bear (Ursus arctos). We used kill
 interval (i.e. the number of days between consecutive ungulate kills) as a
 proxy of kill rate. Although brown bears can monopolize wolf kills, we
 found no support in either study system for the common assumption that
 they cause wolves to kill more often. On the contrary, our results showed
 the opposite effect. In Scandinavia, wolf packs sympatric with brown bears
 killed less often than allopatric packs during both spring (after bear den
 emergence) and summer. Similarly, the presence of bears at wolf-killed
 ungulates was associated with wolves killing less often during summer in
 Yellowstone. The consistency in results between the two systems suggests
 that brown bear presence actually reduces wolf kill rate. Our results
 suggest that the influence of predation on lower trophic levels may depend
 on the composition of predator communities.
description: Data from wolf predation
 studies carried out in Scandinavia (2001-2015) and Yellowstone National
 Park (2008-2015).Excel file of data from
 wolf predation studies carried out in Scandinavia (2002-2015) and
 Yellowstone National Park (2008-2015). Data include: study system
 (Scandinavia or Yellowstone), study season (spring or summer), study year,
 pack ID (pack name/territory), wolf ID (identity of each wolf followed –
 Yellowstone only), unique kill ID (identity number associated with each
 wolf killed carcass – Yellowstone only), kill interval (time to next kill
 in days), bear presence (Scandinavia – absent or present in the study
 system; Yellowstone – absent or present at carcass site), Julian date
 (date of wolf kill), prey type (Scandinavia spring study – adult (i.e.,
 &gt; 1 year) or calf (i.e., &lt; 1 year) moose; Scandinavia summer study –
 neonate or non-neonate moose (i.e., newborn calf or adult/yearling);
 Yellowstone summer study – large (i.e., elk, bison, or moose ≥11 months)
 or small (i.e., any neonate, or adult deer, bighorn sheep, or pronghorn)
 ungulate), pack size, road (distance from wolf kill to the nearest road in
 kilometers), scavenge (the number of carcasses wolves visited between
 kills – Yellowstone only), moose density (number of moose harvested/km2
 averaged over the territory – Scandinavia only), and snow depth (snow
 depth on date of kill, measured in meters, recorded at the meteorological
 station closest to each territory – Scandinavia spring study
 only).Dryad_Data_Table.xlsx