DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2016.1479
title: Biological activities of male bud extracts of musa sapientum linn. (musa ABB group cv. ‘Nam Wa’)

description: Musa sapientum Linn. (Musa ABB GROUP CV. ‘NAM WA’) is an affiliate of the MUSACEAE family and is ordinarily used in Thai traditional medicine and Thai health food as a preparation for postpartum breastfeeding care. The objectives of this research were to investigate the anti-oxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay, determine total phenolic content and anti-inflammatory activity by NO inhibition from RAW264.7 cells. Thirty-one extract samples of Musa sapientum Linn. (Musa ABB GROUP CV. ‘NAM WA’) male buds (blossom) were separated into two parts to use as dried and fresh. The dried part was dried in a hot air oven at 50 °C before use and the fresh was used as a fresh sample. The male buds (blossom) were divided into three parts. First, the outside of bracts from the male bud. Second, the flowers inside the bract with anthers and ovary in the flower. Last, the young male bud inside dark violet and red of male bud. There was extraction by decoction, maceration in 50% ethanol, residue 50% ethanol, maceration in 95% ethanol, residue of 95% ethanol and blending with water of fresh young male buds only. The ethanolic extracts were dried by rotary evaporator and water extracts were dried by freeze-dryer.Among yields of the extracts, residue dry male flower maceration 50%EtOH (DMfr50) gave the highest yield (38.20%) followed by dry bract decoction (DMbd) (34.83%) and residue dry young male bud maceration 95% EtOH (DMyr95) (25.97%). Musa sapientum Linn. (Musa ABB GROUP CV. ‘NAM WA’) extracts were studied for anti-oxidant activities by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Fresh male flower decoction (FMfd) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging, followed by fresh young male bud decoction (FMyd) and dry male flower decoction (DMfd) with EC50 values 5.78, 6.28 and 10.60 µg/ml, respectively. The positive standard was used BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) was tested in the same manner with EC50 values 14.12 µg/ml.The content of total phenolic compounds ranged widely from 2.31-269.31 mgGAE/g (crude extract). Fresh male flower decoction (FMfd) showed the highest total phenolic contents, followed by fresh young male bud decoction (FMyd)  and dry male flower decoction (DMfd) with values 269.31, 201.16 and 146.85 mg GAE/g (crude extract), respectively. For anti-inflammatory activity of Musa sapientum Linn. (Musa ABB GROUP CV. ‘NAM WA’) extracts was tested by determining their effect on inhibition of LPS induced NO production by macrophages RAW 264.7 cell lines. Dry male flower decoction (DMfd) showed the highest potency for NO inhibitory activity, followed by dry young male bud decoction (DMyd) and residue dry male flower  maceration 50% EtOH (DMfr50) with IC50 values 5.98, 20.91 and 31.17 µg/ml, respectively. The positive standard was used prednisolone with IC50 values 0.16 µg/ml.The stability of the water extract of dry male flower decoction (DMfd) was investigated under accelerated condition at 40±2 ºC with 75±5% RH for six months. After that, this extract was tested for anti-oxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenolic contents and anti-inflammatory activity by NO inhibition from RAW264.7 cells. Dry male flower decoction (DMfd) was showed DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenolic contents of property and anti-inflammatory activity by NO inhibition which after Day 30 showed poor (40±2ºC, 75±5% RH for 6 months).Bioassay guided fractionation was used to isolate active compounds from the water extract of dry male flower decoction (DMfd) by using column chromatography found pure compound which elucidated structure to be (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol.  It showed no active in NO inhibitory activity and DPPH radical scavenging assay.The finding indicates that the dry male flower decoction (DMfd) extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity but main active components of (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol did not anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, the decoction extracts should be studied extensively in animal models for anti-inflammatory activity and continuously isolated active anti-inflammatory compounds because the decoction extract of Musa sapientum Linn. (Musa ABB GROUP CV. ‘NAM WA’) as food method and it has the potential for development as a health food to prevent many diseases causes from inflammation.