DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14996911
title: The Annotated Beethoven Corpus (ABC) (A corpus of annotated scores)

description: This is a README file for a data repository originating from the DCML corpus initiative
and serves as welcome page for both



the GitHub repo https://github.com/DCMLab/ABC and the corresponding

documentation page https://dcmlab.github.io/ABC


For information on how to obtain and use the dataset, please refer to this documentation page.

The Annotated Beethoven Corpus (ABC) (A corpus of annotated scores)

The ABC dataset consists of expert harmonic analyses of all Beethoven string quartets
(opp. 18, 59, 74, 95, 127, 130, 131, 132, 135, composed between 1800 and 1826), encoded in a human- and
machine-readable format (MuseScore format).
Using a modified Roman Numeral notation (the DCML harmony annotation standard),
the dataset includes the common music-theoretical set of harmonic features such as key, chordal root,
chord inversion, chord extensions, suspensions, and others.

Getting the data



download repository as a ZIP file

download a Frictionless Datapackage that includes concatenations
of the TSV files in the four folders (measures, notes, chords, and harmonies) and a JSON descriptor:


ABC.zip

ABC.datapackage.json



clone the repo: git clone https://github.com/DCMLab/ABC.git


Data Formats

Each piece in this corpus is represented by five files with identical name prefixes, each in its own folder.
For example, the first movement of the first quartet, op. 18/1, has the following files:



MS3/n01op18-1_01.mscx: Uncompressed MuseScore 3.6.2 file including the music and annotation labels.

notes/n01op18-1_01.notes.tsv: A table of all note heads contained in the score and their relevant features (not each of them represents an onset, some are tied together)

measures/n01op18-1_01.measures.tsv: A table with relevant information about the measures in the score.

chords/n01op18-1_01.chords.tsv: A table containing layer-wise unique onset positions with the musical markup (such as dynamics, articulation, lyrics, figured bass, etc.).

harmonies/n01op18-1_01.harmonies.tsv: A table of the included harmony labels (including cadences and phrases) with their positions in the score.


Each TSV file comes with its own JSON descriptor that describes the meanings and datatypes of the columns ("fields") it contains,
follows the Frictionless specification,
and can be used to validate and correctly load the described file.

Opening Scores

After navigating to your local copy, you can open the scores in the folder MS3 with the free and open source score
editor MuseScore. Please note that the scores have been edited, annotated and tested with
MuseScore 3.6.2.
MuseScore 4 has since been released which renders them correctly but cannot store them back in the same format.

Opening TSV files in a spreadsheet

Tab-separated value (TSV) files are like Comma-separated value (CSV) files and can be opened with most modern text
editors. However, for correctly displaying the columns, you might want to use a spreadsheet or an addon for your
favourite text editor. When you use a spreadsheet such as Excel, it might annoy you by interpreting fractions as
dates. This can be circumvented by using Data --> From Text/CSV or the free alternative
LibreOffice Calc. Other than that, TSV data can be loaded with
every modern programming language.

Loading TSV files in Python

Since the TSV files contain null values, lists, fractions, and numbers that are to be treated as strings, you may want
to use this code to load any TSV files related to this repository (provided you're doing it in Python). After a quick
pip install -U ms3 (requires Python 3.10 or later) you'll be able to load any TSV like this:

import ms3

labels = ms3.load_tsv("harmonies/n01op18-1_01.harmonies.tsv")
notes = ms3.load_tsv("notes/n01op18-1_01.notes.tsv")


Version history

See the GitHub releases.

Questions, Suggestions, Corrections, Bug Reports

Please create an issue and/or feel free to fork and submit pull requests.

Publications



The accompanying Data Report has been published in Neuwirth, M., Harasim, D., Moss, F. & Rohrmeier M. (2018).

An evaluation of the dataset can be found in  this Moss, F., Neuwirth M., Harasim, D. & Rohrmeier, M. (2019).

The latest version of the annotation standard has been described in Hentschel, J., Neuwirth, M. & Rohrmeier, M. (2021)


Cite as



Neuwirth, M., Harasim, D., Moss, F. C., & Rohrmeier, M. (2018). The Annotated Beethoven Corpus (ABC): A Dataset of Harmonic Analyses of All Beethoven String Quartets. Frontiers in Digital Humanities, 5(July), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00016


License

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).

fixes #29