cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17449990
title: Processed targetted metabolomics data for "Evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulators control monoaminergic neuron development"

description: Contents

This record provides processed targetted metabolomics raw data associated with the study *“Evolutionarily Conserved Transcriptional Regulators Control Monoaminergic Neuron Development”* (Lewis *et al.*, 2025).  

The primary data file for analysis is:  `RawData_curated_R_w_QC.csv`  

This file contains curated, quality-controlled data for downstream visualization and statistical analyses.  

---

🧩 Usage Notes

These processed data objects can be loaded directly into R.

 Refer to the *Methods* section of the manuscript for details on preprocessing, quality control, normalization, and clustering pipelines.  

For reproducibility, all associated analysis scripts are available at:  🔗 https://github.com/cliftonlewis/2025_Drosophila_scRNAseq_EmbryoNeurogenesis_Monoamine/

 

Keywords

Drosophila • targetted metabolomics • neurogenesis • monoaminergic neurons • developmental biology  

---

⚖️ License

This repository and dataset are made available under the **MIT License**:  

> Copyright (c) 2025 Clifton Lewis and contributors  

---

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:  

> Lewis, C., *et al.* (2025). *Evolutionarily Conserved Transcriptional Regulators Control Monoaminergic Neuron Development.* [Manuscript in preparation / published in *Journal TBD*].
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zcfpzd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 163 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pachyphytum compactum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 163 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001190-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17449470
title: Processed FACS data for "Evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulators control monoaminergic neuron development"

description: Contents

This dataset contains raw fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) data corresponding to the following samples:QC_Setup, hrs_00_03_Rep1_A1, hrs_00_03_Rep2_A9, hrs_02_05_Rep1_A2, hrs_02_05_Rep2_A10, hrs_04_07_Rep1_A3, hrs_04_07_Rep2_A11, hrs_05_08_Rep1_A4, hrs_05_08_Rep2_A12, hrs_06_10_Rep1_A5, hrs_06_10_Rep2_A13, hrs_09_13_Rep1_A6, hrs_09_13_Rep2_A14, hrs_12_17_Rep1_A7, hrs_12_17_Rep2_A15, hrs_16_22_Rep1_A8, hrs_16_22_Rep2_A16.

Cells were sorted on a Beckman Coulter MoFlo Astrios cell sorter (QMC, Nottingham) equipped with a 100 µm nozzle and operated in Purify precision mode using a 1–2 drop envelope to maximise the purity of collected fractions. Single-cell suspensions were maintained at 4 °C throughout sorting by enclosing the flow chamber in a water-cooled housing, thereby minimising heat-induced stress and preserving cell integrity. Sorted samples were collected into a two-way tube holder pre-chilled on ice.

Gating strategies were defined using unstained and single-stained controls to exclude autofluorescent events. Broad gates were applied to capture both strongly and weakly fluorescent populations, reflecting the continuum of marker expression. SoxN⁺ and Elav⁺ cells—representing early neurogenic and post-mitotic neuronal cohorts, respectively—were collected together to ensure recovery of the full spectrum of developing neural cells.

Data structure and format

All files are provided in standard Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS 3.1) format.

Keywords

FACS, flow cytometry, neurogenesis, monoaminergic neurons, single-cell sorting, developmental biology
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17449471
title: Processed FACS data for "Evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulators control monoaminergic neuron development"

description: Contents

This dataset contains raw fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) data corresponding to the following samples:QC_Setup, hrs_00_03_Rep1_A1, hrs_00_03_Rep2_A9, hrs_02_05_Rep1_A2, hrs_02_05_Rep2_A10, hrs_04_07_Rep1_A3, hrs_04_07_Rep2_A11, hrs_05_08_Rep1_A4, hrs_05_08_Rep2_A12, hrs_06_10_Rep1_A5, hrs_06_10_Rep2_A13, hrs_09_13_Rep1_A6, hrs_09_13_Rep2_A14, hrs_12_17_Rep1_A7, hrs_12_17_Rep2_A15, hrs_16_22_Rep1_A8, hrs_16_22_Rep2_A16.

Cells were sorted on a Beckman Coulter MoFlo Astrios cell sorter (QMC, Nottingham) equipped with a 100 µm nozzle and operated in Purify precision mode using a 1–2 drop envelope to maximise the purity of collected fractions. Single-cell suspensions were maintained at 4 °C throughout sorting by enclosing the flow chamber in a water-cooled housing, thereby minimising heat-induced stress and preserving cell integrity. Sorted samples were collected into a two-way tube holder pre-chilled on ice.

Gating strategies were defined using unstained and single-stained controls to exclude autofluorescent events. Broad gates were applied to capture both strongly and weakly fluorescent populations, reflecting the continuum of marker expression. SoxN⁺ and Elav⁺ cells—representing early neurogenic and post-mitotic neuronal cohorts, respectively—were collected together to ensure recovery of the full spectrum of developing neural cells.

Data structure and format

All files are provided in standard Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS 3.1) format.

Keywords

FACS, flow cytometry, neurogenesis, monoaminergic neurons, single-cell sorting, developmental biology
DOI: 10.15468/dl.czyk3n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 454 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pleioblastus variegatus)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 454 records from 57 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001191-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qrxcda
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 191 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Pleioblastus viridistriatus)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 191 records from 29 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001192-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zrcr5b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2203 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Podolepis jaceoides)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2203 records from 37 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001194-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.13792.55040
title: Walking down the Columbretes Grande turbidite channel
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ryjtb8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1421 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Xylosandrus crassiusculus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1421 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001195-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.brv7uh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 879 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sasa veitchii)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 879 records from 58 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001196-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17448419
title: Art-Historical Dataset with Structured Metadata and Iconographic Triplets from Wikidata

description: This dataset contains metadata for 36,043 artworks extracted from Wikidata. Using the Wikidata SPARQL endpoint, we retrieved all objects that are instances of either “visual artwork” (Wikidata item Q4502142) or “artwork series” (Q15709879). Each item in the dataset meets two conditions:



It includes at least one two-dimensional digital image (P18), and

It includes at least one Iconclass notation (P1257).


For every object, we collected the following Wikidata properties:



image (P18)

title (P1476)

creator (P170)

inception (P571)

instance of (P31)

width (P2049)

height (P2048)

made from material (P186)

movement (P135)

genre (P136)

depicts (P180)

main subject (P921)

depicts Iconclass notation (P1257)

collection (P195)

location (P276)

country (P17)

country of origin (P495)


In addition to the Wikidata metadata, the dataset provides automatically generated concepts, tuples, and triplets derived from the Iconclass notations. These were produced using the Qwen3 large language model with the prompting template provided in the file prompt.txt.

File structure

The images are stored in a ZIP file structured into directories named by the first two characters of each image's hash_id. Within these directories, subfolders named after the next two characters of the hash_id contain the image files, which are named using their full hash_id with a .jpg extension. The annotation data is provided in a JSONL file, where each line encodes metadata for a single image.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xzegkj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44991 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Saussurea alpina)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44991 records from 232 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001197-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6p5u9k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 299418 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is one of (iNaturalist Research-grade Observations, Birda - Global Observation Dataset, Pl@ntNet observations, Frost Entomological Museum, Carnegie Museum of Natural History Herbarium, Odonata Central, Insect Species Occurrence Data from Multiple Projects Worldwide with Focus on Bees and Wasps in North America, eButterfly Surveys, Xeno-canto - Bird sounds from around the world)",
 "GadmGid is USA.39_1",
 "Issue is one of (Coordinate rounded, Geodetic datum assumed WGS84, Coordinate reprojected, Coordinate uncertainty meters invalid, Country derived from coordinates, Continent derived from coordinates, Recorded date invalid, Identified date invalid, Occurrence status inferred from individual count, Institution match fuzzy, Collection match fuzzy)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year 2024-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 299418 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001193-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dmgkpm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21944 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Spain",
 "TaxonKey is Timon lepidus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21944 records from 65 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001198-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ksm3ap
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2694 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "DatasetKey is AntWeb",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Solenopsis invicta",
 "Year 1972-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2694 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001199-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w59tm3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 151702 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Lithobates catesbeianus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 151702 records from 354 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001176-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j6e6bj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3171 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Olearia ilicifolia)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3171 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001200-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m2unkn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1734 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Olearia macrodonta)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1734 records from 37 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001202-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wd9hnq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 385 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Olearia odorata)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 385 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001203-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17450068
title: Children: Challenges, Causes, and Educational Interventions
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17450069
title: Children: Challenges, Causes, and Educational Interventions
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7afhj9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9243 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Senecio alpinus)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9243 records from 34 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001205-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dv28us
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 81 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Tapinauchenius plumipes"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 81 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001206-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.brxm4w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 559 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Megadontomys cryophilus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 559 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001207-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.jgxn6v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 549 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Senecio cineraria)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 549 records from 101 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001209-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fpccny
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1158 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "DatasetKey is AntWeb",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Myrmecocystus",
 "Year 1972-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1158 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001208-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17450167
title: What is Database?
title: What is Database?
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17450168
title: What is Database?
title: What is Database?
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17450186
title: Rt-PCR curves of RNA template extracted from biofilm state with and without exposure to Quorum-sensing molecules C8HSL at 0.2mM. Images A-I; SdiA, CsgD, FlgG, rck, bapA, FimA, HilA, InvA and the housekeeping gene 16s rRNA.

description: This dataset contains the cycle threshold (Ct) and relative fluorescence unit (RFU) values obtained from RT-PCR amplification curves for eight Salmonella enterica genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence regulation (sdiA, csgD, rck, bapA, FimA, HilA, InvA, and FlgG).

Each gene was analyzed under four experimental conditions:





S. enteritidis (SE) with C8HSL (quorum sensing signal)




S. enteritidis (SE) without C8HSL




S. Typhimurium 14028 (ST14028) with C8HSL




S. Typhimurium 14028 (ST14028) without C8HSL



The dataset provides raw amplification data (Ct vs RFU) reflecting transcriptional responses to quorum sensing modulation. Each gene has a dedicated worksheet within the Excel file.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30153736
title: Raw data for Figure.2a and Figure.4a

description: The data includes electric field and doping dependent of quasicrystal WSe2 device.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30153736.v1
title: Raw data for Figure.2a and Figure.4a

description: The data includes electric field and doping dependent of quasicrystal WSe2 device.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r5jwm2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 kingdom,
 kingdomkey,
 phylum,
 phylumkey,
 class,
 classkey,
 "order",
 orderkey,
 family,
 familykey,
 genus,
 genuskey,
 species,
 specieskey,
 countrycode countrycode,
 COUNT(*) occurrences,
 MIN(GBIF_TEMPORALUNCERTAINTY(eventdate, eventtime)) mintemporaluncertainty,
 MIN(COALESCE(coordinateuncertaintyinmeters, 1000)) mincoordinateuncertaintyinmeters
FROM
 occurrence
WHERE
 (CAST(occurrence.taxonkey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.acceptedtaxonkey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.kingdomkey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.phylumkey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.classkey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.orderkey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.familykey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.genuskey AS INTEGER) = 7334705 OR CAST(occurrence.specieskey AS INTEGER) = 7334705)
 AND occurrence.hasgeospatialissues = FALSE
 AND NOT GBIF_STRINGARRAYCONTAINS(occurrence.issue, 'TAXON_MATCH_FUZZY', TRUE)
 AND (occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters &gt;= 2000.0 OR occurrence.distancefromcentroidinmeters IS NULL)
 AND NOT occurrence.basisofrecord IN ('FOSSIL_SPECIMEN', 'LIVING_SPECIMEN')
 AND occurrence.occurrencestatus = 'PRESENT'
 AND (occurrence.specieskey IS NOT NULL AND occurrence.hascoordinate = TRUE)
GROUP BY
 occurrence.kingdom,
 occurrence.kingdomkey,
 occurrence.phylum,
 occurrence.phylumkey,
 occurrence.class,
 occurrence.classkey,
 occurrence."order",
 occurrence.orderkey,
 occurrence.family,
 occurrence.familykey,
 occurrence.genus,
 occurrence.genuskey,
 occurrence.species,
 occurrence.specieskey,
 occurrence.countrycode

 The dataset's 2 records were derived from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001201-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kj3mwa
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 56 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "DatasetKey is AntWeb",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Atta texana",
 "Year 1972-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 56 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001214-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.74zr94
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Tapinauchenius latipes"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001215-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.