cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.14n6t17
title: Data from: The effect of CAG repeats length on differences in hirsutism among healthy Israeli women of different ethnicities

description: Purpose: Variations in the degree of hirsutism among women of different
 ethnic backgrounds may stem from multiple etiologies. Shorter length of
 the polymorphic CAG repeats of the androgen receptor (AR) gene may be
 associated with increased activity of the receptor leading to hirsutism.
 We hypothesized that there are ethnic differences in the degree of
 hirsutism that is unrelated to androgen levels among Israeli women, and
 that the CAG repeats length may contribute to these differences.
 Anti-androgenic therapies, such as spironolactone, could be suggested if a
 shorter CAG repeats length is found to affect the difference in the degree
 of hirsutism between the ethnic groups. Methods: Healthy Israeli Jewish
 women aged 18-45 years of Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi origin were invited
 to participate. Hirsutism was assessed using the simplified
 Ferriman-Gallwey (sFG) score, and serum total testosterone levels were
 measured as well. The CAG repeats length was determined by PCR.
 Methylation-sensitive methods were used to detect the fractional activity
 of each allele, and the weighted mean was calculated for the CAG repeats
 length. Results: One-hundred and eight women were recruited (49 Ashkenazi
 and 59 non-Ashkenazi). The Ashkenazi women had a significantly lower
 degree of hirsutism (P&lt;0.01), lower mean BMI (P=0.003), total
 testosterone levels (P=0.017), and longer weighted bi-allelic CAG repeats
 mean (P=0.015) compared to non-Ashkenazi women. For the group as a whole,
 there was a significant negative correlation between the number of CAG
 repeats in the AR gene and the sFG score, while the number of repeats was
 not related to testosterone levels. Stepwise logistic regression revealed
 that ethnic origin and the CAG repeats length were the strongest factors
 affecting hirsutism (P&lt;0.001, P=0.03, respectively). Conclusions:
 There is a significant difference in the degree of hirsutism between
 Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi women in Israel that is partially explained by
 CAG repeats length.
description: Statistics for
 MSComplete stat for
 MSCAG.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j619s
title: Data from: A multilevel society of herring-eating killer whales indicates adaptation to prey characteristics

description: Non-social factors can influence animal social structure. In killer whales
 (Orcinus orca), fish- versus mammal-eating ecological differences are
 regarded as key ecological drivers of their multilevel society, including
 group size, but the potential importance of specific target prey remains
 unclear. Here, we investigate the social structure of herring-eating
 killer whales in Iceland and compare it to the described social structures
 of primarily salmon- and seal-eating populations in the Northeast Pacific,
 which form stable coherent basic units nested within a hierarchical
 multilevel society. Using 29023 photographs collected over 6 years, we
 examined the association patterns of 198 individuals combining clustering,
 social network structure, and temporal patterns of association analysis.
 The Icelandic population had largely weak but non-random associations,
 which were not completely assorted by known ranging patterns. A
 fission–fusion dynamic of constant and temporary associations was observed
 but this was not due to permanent units joining. The population-level
 society was significantly structured but not in a clear hierarchical tier
 system. Social clusters were highly diverse in complexity and there were
 indications of subsclusters. There was no indication of dispersal nor
 strong sex differences in associations. These results indicate that the
 Icelandic herring-eating killer whale population has a multilevel social
 structure without clear hierarchical tiers or nested coherent social
 units, different from other populations of killer whales. We suggest that
 local ecological context, such as the characteristics of the specific
 target prey (e.g., predictability, biomass, and density) and subsequent
 foraging strategies may strongly influence killer whale social association
 patterns.
description: Association matrix and
 individual supplementary details of Icelandic killer
 whalesFirst sheet with details
 for each individual (sex-age class, movement pattern, number of records -
 number of photographs -, number of total days sampled and number of
 different years seen). Second sheet with the association matrix for all
 individuals, no restrictions on the number of sightings, calculated using
 SOCPROG 2.6 software (half-weight index used).Tavares et al.
 2016.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1736
title: Data from: Hybridization between distant lineages increases adaptive variation during a biological invasion: stickleback in Switzerland

description: The three-spined stickleback is a wide spread Holarctic species complex
 that radiated from the sea into freshwaters after the retreat of the
 Pleistocene ice sheets. In Switzerland, sticklebacks were absent with the
 exception of the far northwest, but different introduced populations have
 expanded to occupy a wide range of habitats since the late 19th century. A
 well studied adaptive phenotypic trait in sticklebacks is the number of
 lateral plates. With few exceptions, freshwater and marine populations in
 Europe are fixed for either the low or the fully plated phenotype
 respectively. Switzerland, in contrast, harbors in close proximity the
 full range of phenotypic variation known from across the continent. We
 addressed the phylogeographic origins of Swiss sticklebacks using
 mitochondrial partial cytochrome b and control region sequences. We found
 only 5 different haplotypes but these originated from 3 distinct European
 regions, fixed for different plate phenotypes. These lineages occur
 largely in isolation at opposite ends of Switzerland, but co-occur in a
 large central part. Across the country, we found a strong correlation
 between a microsatellite linked to the high plate ectodysplasin allele and
 the mitochondrial haplotype from a region where the fully plated phenotype
 is fixed. Phylogenomic and population genomic analysis of 481 polymorphic
 AFLP loci indicate genetic admixture in the central part of the country.
 The same part of the country also carries elevated within-population
 phenotypic variation. We conclude that during the recent invasive range
 expansion of stickleback in Switzerland, adaptive and neutral
 between-population genetic variation was converted into within-population
 variation, raising the possibility that hybridization between colonizing
 lineages contributed to the ecological success of sticklebacks in
 Switzerland.
description: aflp.txtThe file contains the internal code followed by the site abbreviation following table 1. All 481 AFLP loci are given.AFLP dataThe file contains the internal code followed by the site abbreviation following table 1. All 481 AFLP loci are given.plates.txtSwiss Stn381 surveyThe file contains the internal sample code, the population site abbreviated as in table 1 and the STN381 loci for each individual.stn.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.566n8
title: Data from: Demography and speciation history of the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau

description: Pinus densata is an ecologically successful homoploid hybrid that inhabits
 vast areas of heterogeneous terrain on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau as
 a result of multiple waves of colonization. Its region of origin, route of
 colonization onto the plateau and the directions of introgression with its
 parental species have previously been defined, but little is known about
 the isolation and divergence history of its populations. In this study, we
 surveyed nucleotide polymorphism over eight nuclear loci in 19
 representative populations of P. densata and its parental species. Using
 this information and coalescence simulations, we assessed the historical
 changes in its population size, gene flow, and divergence in time and
 space. The results indicate a late Miocene origin for P. densata
 associated with the recent uplift of southeastern Tibet. The subsequent
 differentiation between geographical regions of this species began in the
 late Pliocene and was induced by regional topographic changes and
 Pleistocene glaciations. The ancestral P. densata population had a large
 effective population size but the central and western populations were
 established by limited founders, suggesting that there were severe
 bottlenecks during the westward migration out of the ancestral hybrid
 zone. After separating from their ancestral populations, population
 expansion occurred in all geographic regions especially in the western
 range. Gene flow in P. densata was restricted to geographically
 neighboring populations, resulting in significant differentiation between
 regional groups. The new information on the divergence and demographic
 history of P. densata reported herein enhances our understanding of its
 speciation process on the Tibetan Plateau.
description: Ima2 parameter prior
 file for 3 P. densata groupsParameter prior file of
 Ima2 used in multipopulation analyses for 3 P.densata
 groupspriorpd.txtIma2 parameter prior file for P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensisIma2 parameter prior file used in pairwise IM analysis for P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensispriorPtPy.txtList of individualsList of individuals and their Genbank accession number on each locilist of individuals.xlsIMa2 input file for 3 P. densata groupsInput file of IMa2 used in multipopulation analyses for 3 P.densata groupsPd-IMgc2.txtIMa2 input file for P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensisIMa2 input file used in Pairwise IM analysis for P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensisPyandPtIMgc2.txt
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31152226
title: Pilot Experimental Proposal Detection of Individual-Specific Dynamical Invariants in Neural Activity Across Disjoint Cognitive Tasks

description: Despite extensive advances in systems neuroscience, the question of individual neural iden tity remains insufficiently formalized. Current models successfully explain task-related neu ral activity and population-level regularities, but often lack a principled account of stable, individual-specific organizational features that persist across tasks and time. This pilot experiment aims to test the hypothesis that individual neural dynamics are constrained by global structural invariants that are not reducible to task-specific processing or local neural mechanisms alone. The goal is not to introduce new physical entities, but to determine whether individual specific dynamical structure can be empirically detected using existing neurophysiological methods.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31152226.v1
title: Pilot Experimental Proposal Detection of Individual-Specific Dynamical Invariants in Neural Activity Across Disjoint Cognitive Tasks

description: Despite extensive advances in systems neuroscience, the question of individual neural iden tity remains insufficiently formalized. Current models successfully explain task-related neu ral activity and population-level regularities, but often lack a principled account of stable, individual-specific organizational features that persist across tasks and time. This pilot experiment aims to test the hypothesis that individual neural dynamics are constrained by global structural invariants that are not reducible to task-specific processing or local neural mechanisms alone. The goal is not to introduce new physical entities, but to determine whether individual specific dynamical structure can be empirically detected using existing neurophysiological methods.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1qr1s
title: Data from: Seasonal time constraints reduce genetic variation in life history traits along a latitudinal gradient

description: 1. Time constraints cause strong selection on life history traits, because
 populations need to complete their life cycles within a shorter time. We
 therefore expect lower genetic variation in these traits in high- than in
 low-latitude populations, since the former are more time constrained. 2.
 The aim was to estimate life history traits and their genetic variation in
 an obligately univoltine damselfly along a latitudinal gradient of 2,730
 km. 3. Populations were grown in the laboratory at temperatures and
 photoperiods simulating those at their place of origin. In a complementary
 experiment individuals from the same families were grown in constant
 temperature and photoperiod that mimicked average conditions across the
 latitude. 4. Development time and size was faster and smaller,
 respectively, and growth rate was higher at northern latitudes. Additive
 genetic variance was very low for life history traits and estimates for
 egg development time and larval growth rate showed significant decreases
 towards northern latitudes. The expression of genetic effects in life
 history traits differed considerably when individuals were grown in
 constant rather than simulated and naturally variable conditions. 5. Our
 results support strong selection by time constraints. They also highlight
 the importance of growing organisms in their native environment for
 correct estimates of genetic variance at their place of origin. Our
 results also suggest that the evolutionary potential of life history
 traits is very low at northern compared to southern latitudes, but that
 changes in climate could alter this pattern.
description: Experiment 1 - simulated
 natural temperature and photoperiod; Experiment 2 - common-garden
 conditionsSniegula_etal_JAE.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1sm3f
title: Data from: Natural enemies govern ecosystem resilience in the face of extreme droughts

description: Severe droughts are on the rise in many regions. But thus far, attempts to
 predict when drought will cause a major regime shift or when ecosystems
 are resilient, often using plant drought tolerance models, have been
 frustrated. Here we show that pressure from natural enemies regulates an
 ecosystem’s resilience to severe droughts. Field experiments revealed that
 in protected salt marshes experiencing a severe drought, planting-eating
 grazers eliminated drought-stressed vegetation that could otherwise
 survive and recover from the climate extreme, transforming once lush
 marshes into persistent salt barrens. These results provide an explicit
 experimental demonstration for the obligatory role of natural enemies
 across the initiation, expansion and recovery stages of a natural
 ecosystem’s collapse. Our study highlights that natural enemies can hasten
 an ecosystem’s resilience to drought to much lower levels than currently
 predicted, calling for integration into climate change predictions and
 conservation strategies.
description: Data supporting results
 in Figures 1-3, main text, and supplementary figuresThis data file contains
 the data supporting the results of the paper: He et al. Natural enemies
 govern ecosystem resilience in the face of extreme droughts. Ecology
 Letters. All codes of treatments, sites, years, response measures are
 consistent with those described in the paper. Please refer to the paper
 for details of the experimental treatments and methods.He et al Ecol Lett Dataset for
 Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r473b
title: Data from: Genetic consequences of Pleistocene sea-level change on Hawaiian Megalagrion damselflies

description: The Hawaiian Islands have long been an important laboratory for
 evolutionary research because their geological histories offer many
 natural experiments. For example, the Maui Nui complex, 4 islands that
 have been repeatedly connected and separated by fluctuating sea levels,
 lie near Hawaii Island, which has never been connected to another island.
 Here, we examine the genetic consequences of fluctuating island areas and
 connectivity using microsatellite analysis of 2 widespread, endemic
 Hawaiian damselflies. We screened 152 Megalagrion xanthomelas individuals
 from 5 islands at 14 loci and 34 Megalagrion pacificum from 3 islands at
 11 loci to explore dispersal patterns and genetic diversity. Our data
 suggest that Pleistocene fluctuations in sea level alternated between
 creating land bridges that facilitated gene flow between once and future
 islands, and ocean channels that inhibited dispersal. Furthermore,
 interglacial periods of high sea stands likely reduced suitable habitat
 availability, causing the loss of genetic diversity on Maui Nui due to
 bottlenecks and founder events. Finally, we propose that gene flow from
 Molokai to Lanai may be enhanced by assisted dispersal from the trade
 winds that are channeled between volcanoes on western Maui and eastern
 Molokai. Our results emphasize the importance of variable
 microevolutionary processes in Hawaiian biogeography.
description: Xa -no gaps- all
 dataExcel coded
 microsatellite repeat number data for Megalagrion xanthomelas across all
 loci, populations, and individuals.pacificum all
 dataExcel coded
 microsatellite repeat number data for Megalagrion pacificum across all
 loci, populations, and individuals.Genepop formating-
 xa&pc - All dataExcel coded
 microsatellite repeat number data for Megalagrion xanthomelas and M.
 pacificum across all loci, populations, and individuals, with formatting
 prepared for GenePop.Genepop formating- xa&pc-
 Aug29.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cb5622n4
title: Data from: Genetic mapping a meiotic driver that causes sex ratio distortion in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

description: An endogenous meiotic driver in the dengue and yellow fever vector
 mosquito Aedes aegypti can cause highly male-biased sex ratio distortion
 in crosses from suitable genetic backgrounds. We previously selected a
 strain that carries a strong meiotic drive gene (D) linked with the
 male-determining allele (M) on chromosome 1 in A. aegypti. Here we
 performed segregation analysis of the MD locus among backcross (BC1)
 progeny from a driver male and drive-sensitive females. Assessment of sex
 ratios among BC2 progeny showed ~5.2% recombination between the MD locus
 and the sex determination locus. Multipoint linkage mapping across this
 region revealed consistent marker orders and recombination frequencies
 with the existing reference linkage map and placed the MD locus within a
 6.5 cM interval defined by the LF159 locus and microsatellite marker
 446GAA, which should facilitate future positional cloning efforts.
description: Shin_SupMat_Table
 1Supplementary Table 1.
 Sex ratios among BC2 progeny from crosses of RED strain females mated with
 BC1 males from crosses between T37 strain males and RED strain
 females.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pp127
title: Data from: Planting of neonicotinoid-treated maize poses risks for honey bees and other non-target organisms over a wide area without consistent crop yield benefit

description: Neonicotinoid insecticides are routinely used as seed treatments on most
 grain and oilseed crops in the USA, yet the extent and likelihood of
 spread of insecticide residues during planting has not previously been
 quantified. Honey bees, Apis mellifera, are highly mobile and highly
 sensitive to neonicotinoid residues, presenting an opportunity to estimate
 non-target exposures to neonicotinoids in mobile insects. We measured
 neonicotinoid dust drift during maize sowing and used sites of maize
 fields, apiary locations and honey bee foraging radii to estimate
 likelihood of forager exposure. We performed a concurrent multi-year field
 assessment of the pest management benefits of neonicotinoid-treated maize.
 Our results indicate that over 94% of honey bee foragers throughout the
 state of Indiana are at risk of exposure to varying levels of
 neonicotinoid insecticides, including lethal levels, during sowing of
 maize. We documented no benefit of the insecticidal seed treatments for
 crop yield during the study. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate
 movement of neonicotinoid residues well beyond planted fields occurs
 during maize sowing in Indiana. Based on locations of maize fields and
 apiaries in the state, the likelihood of neonicotinoid exposure for
 foraging honey bees is high. Other non-target organisms are also likely to
 encounter neonicotinoid residues; we conservatively estimate that
 deposition of neonicotinoid residues on non-target lands and waterways
 will occur on over 42% of the state of Indiana during the period of maize
 sowing. However, we also demonstrate that the risk to pollinators and
 other non-target organisms may be rapidly and dramatically reduced without
 yield penalties, by aligning use rates of neonicotinoid insecticides with
 pest incidence.
description: dosimeters_raw_2012Neonicotinoid deposition data from fields sown in 2012dosimeters_raw_2013Neonicotinoid deposition data from fields sown in 2013drift_data_Relative_to_windNeonicotinoid deposition data, relative to prevailing wind direction at time of sowingEfficacy_clothianidin_treated_maizeBeeHeads_Feb16
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.509
title: Data from: Incongruence between morphological data sets: an example from the evolution of endoparasitism among parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

description: Phylogenetic analyses of molecular and morphological data sets for a group
 of parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) give strikingly different
 results. The molecular data indicate that the major life history
 transition from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism has occurred
 independently several times within the family while the morphological data
 indicate a single origin. Similar incongruent topologies are obtained if
 the morphological data are partitioned by either of two methods:
 distinguishing (1) characters of the larval stage and female reproductive
 system, or (2) characters selected individually by the authors prior to
 the analysis as likely to be mechanistically associated with
 endo/ectoparasitism. This result is supported by significant differences
 in tests of incongruence, and we propose that it is caused by convergence
 among morphological characters resulting from a shared life history
 strategy.
description: Quicke and Belshaw Data
 SetQuicke.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0b37bn
title: Data from: Inferring the origin of populations introduced from a genetically structured native range by approximate Bayesian computation: case study of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis

description: Correct identification of the source population of an invasive species is
 a prerequisite for testing hypotheses concerning the factors responsible
 for biological invasions. The native area of invasive species may be
 large, poorly known and/or genetically structured. Because the actual
 source population may not have been sampled, studies based on molecular
 markers may generate incorrect conclusions about the origin of introduced
 populations. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of the
 invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis in its native area using various
 population genetic statistics and methods. We found that H. axyridis
 native area most likely consisted of two geographically distinct genetic
 clusters located in eastern and western Asia. We then performed
 approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses on controlled simulated
 microsatellite data sets to evaluate: (i) the risk of selecting incorrect
 introduction scenarios, including admixture between sources, when the
 populations of the native area are genetically structured and sampling is
 incomplete, (ii) the ability of ABC analysis to minimize such risks by
 explicitly including unsampled populations in the scenarios compared.
 Finally, we performed additional ABC analyses on real microsatellite data
 sets to retrace the origin of biocontrol and invasive populations of H.
 axyridis, taking into account the possibility that the structured native
 area may have been incompletely sampled. We found that the invasive
 population in eastern North America, which has served as the bridgehead
 for worldwide invasion by H. axyridis, was probably formed by an admixture
 between the eastern and western native clusters. This admixture may have
 facilitated adaptation of the bridgehead population.
description: GENOTYPES_H_axyridis_Lombaert_et_al_MOLECULAR_ECOLOGY