DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgj8
title: Functional dimension reveal impacts of non-native fishes on native fishes and ecosystem functionality

description: Anthropogenic-mediated invasions of non-native species are leading to
 biodiversity loss in many trophic groups, with specific impacts on a wide
 range of ecosystem functions and services. However, the impacts of
 non-native species on native species and ecosystem multifunctionality are
 not well understood, particularly due to the lack of long-term studies
 that focus on the analysis of functional and phylogenetic diversities.
 Using a comprehensive dataset spanning nearly 80 years from Lake Erhai,
 China, we assessed the impact of non-native fishes on the multidimensional
 diversity of native fishes, as well as the cascading effects on the
 multifunctional components of the ecosystem, including productivity,
 decomposition, and average multifunctionality. Over time, the
 multidimensional diversity of non-native fishes steadily increased,
 whereas that of native species declined markedly. Concurrently, both
 ecosystem productivity and average multifunctionality exhibited
 significant upward trends. Long‑term invasion by non‑native fishes was
 significantly negatively correlated with the multidimensional diversity of
 native fishes. A consistent convergence–divergence–convergence pattern was
 observed in trait spaces and in functional and phylogenetic community
 patterns of overall fish communities. Ecosystem multifunctionality
 increased with non-native fish functional diversity, though this positive
 relationship became negative at higher diversity levels. In contrast,
 native fish functional diversity and environmental factors—including
 average water level, Secchi depth, and annual precipitation—were
 consistently negatively associated with multifunctionality. These findings
 underscore the importance of integrating functional perspective in
 biodiversity monitoring and management to enhance our understanding of,
 and foster more effective strategies for addressing, the long-term impacts
 of non-native species on native species and ecosystem multifunctionality.
description: GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Functional dimension reveal
 impacts of non-native fishes on native fishes and ecosystem functionality
 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name:
 Zhice Liang Institution: Institute of Hydrobiology Address: Wuhan, China
 Email: [liangzhice@ihb.ac.cn](mailto:liangzhice@ihb.ac.cn) B. Associate or
 Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Chuanbo Guo Institution:
 Institute of Hydrobiology Address: Wuhan, China Email:
 [guocb@ihb.ac.cn](mailto:guocb@ihb.ac.cn) 3. Date of data collection
 (single date, range, approximate date): From the 1950s to the 2020s 4.
 Geographic location of data collection: Lake Erhai, Yunnan, China 5.
 Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the
 data: National Natural Science Foundation of China: NO. 32172980; the
 National Key Research and Development Program of China: No.
 2023YFD2400900；the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System:
 CARS-45; China Scholarship Council: No. 202304910486 SHARING/ACCESS
 INFORMATION 6. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal
 (CC0 1.0) Public Domain 7. Links to publications that cite or use the
 data: Liang, Z., Jackson, D. A., Liu, J., Guo, C. (2025). Functional
 dimension reveal impacts of non-native fishes on native fishes and
 ecosystem functionality. Global Change Biology. 8. Links to other publicly
 accessible locations of the data: None 9. Links/relationships to ancillary
 data sets: None 10. Was data derived from another source? No If yes, list
 source(s): NA 11. Recommended citation for this dataset: Liang, Z., Guo,
 C. (2025). Data from: Functional dimension reveal impacts of non-native
 fishes on native fishes and ecosystem functionality. Dryad Digital
 Repository. DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cgj8 DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 12. File
 List: A) Table S1: Functional traits for each identified fish species B)
 Fasta S1: Comparative sequences of the mitochondrial COⅠ gene (cytochrome
 c oxidase subunit Ⅰ) for each identified fish species 13. Relationship
 between files, if important: None 14. Additional related data collected
 that was not included in the current data package: None 15. Are there
 multiple versions of the dataset? No A. If yes, name of file(s) that was
 updated: NA i. Why was the file updated? NA ii. When was the file updated?
 NA
 \#########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Table S1: Functional traits for each
 identified fish species 16. Number of variables: 16 17. Number of
 cases/rows: 41 18. Variable List: * Fish species * Relative mouth gape
 size (The ratio of mouth width to body length, mm) * Mouth shape (The
 ratio of mouth width to mouth depth, mm) * Mouth position (The ratio of
 the distance from the upper edge of the mouth to the bottom of the body to
 the body height, mm) * Length of digestive tract (The ratio of the length
 of the digestive tract to body length, mm) * Eye size (The ratio of the
 diameter of the eye to the body height passing through the center of the
 eye, mm) * Eye position (The ratio of the height from the center of the
 eye to the bottom of the body to the body height, mm) * Cross sectional
 shape of fish body (The ratio of body height to body width, mm) * Pectoral
 fin position (The ratio of the distance from the pectoral fin to the
 anterior end of the fish to the body length, mm) * Aspect ratio of
 pectoral fin (The ratio of the length to the width of the pectoral fin,
 mm) * Tailstock adjustment (The ratio of body height to caudal peduncle
 height, mm) * Aspect ratio of caudal fin (The ratio of the length to the
 height of the caudal fin, mm) * Area ratio of pectoral fin to caudal
 fin (The ratio of the area of the pectoral fin to the area of the caudal
 fin, mm) * Migration type (1- Reproductive migration, 2- Forage migration,
 3- Overwinter migration, 4- Resident fish species, categorical variable) *
 Habitat water layer (1- Midwater; 2- Mid-lower layer; 3- Bottom layer,
 categorical variable) * Dietary preference (1- Filter feeding; 2-
 Carnivorous; 3- Herbivorous; 4- Omnivorous, categorical variable) *
 Reproductive mode (1- Buoyant eggs, 2- Floating eggs, 3- Adhesive/sinking
 eggs, 4- Other, categorical variable) 19. Missing data codes: None 20.
 Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None
 \#########################################################################
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Fasta S1: Comparative sequences of the
 mitochondrial COⅠ gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ) for each
 identified fish species. 21. Variable List: * Fish species * Comparative
 sequences of the mitochondrial COⅠ gene * Branch Lengths * Bootstrap
 values 22. Missing data codes: None 23. Specialized formats or other
 abbreviations used: None 24. File type and software suggestion for opening
 and viewing: The file is in FASTA format (plain text sequence file). It
 can be opened with any text editor (e.g., Notepad, VS Code, Sublime Text).
 For sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, it can also be viewed
 and processed with common bioinformatics software such as MEGA, UGENE,
 AliView, BioEdit, or programming libraries such as Biopython and
 Bioconductor.