DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17572715
title: The New Infrastructure Synthesizing AI, DeSci, and dMRV for the Next Generation of Regulated Bio-Economies

description:  

The New Infrastructure

Synthesizing AI, DeSci, and dMRV for the Next Generation of Regulated Bio-Economies

Executive Summary

Pharma R&D and bio-manufacturing are converging into a single, data-centric system. AI models require vast, standardized real-world evidence (RWE) to be scientifically and regulatorily credible; decentralized science (DeSci) is transforming research outputs (data, code, IP) into persistent, citable, investable objects; and digital MRV (dMRV) is turning sustainability claims into programmatically verified, financeable assets.

This paper outlines an interlocking “infrastructure stack” that resolves the three systemic barriers blocking global scale: (1) slow, siloed R&D; (2) analog compliance across fragmented jurisdictions; and (3) unverifiable ESG claims. We present a practical synthesis—AI-driven RWE pipelines, Reg-Tech gateways, DeSci publishing and IP markets, and dMRV smart-contract rails—and show how it becomes a cross-vertical operating system for regulated bio-economies (pharma, cannabis, hemp, advanced agriculture).

Core finding: once the same verifiable data is shared by regulators, researchers, and capital, policy alignment—not politics—becomes the principal driver of market expansion. That is the route from pilot to planetary adoption.

1. The AI-Driven Transformation of Pharmacological R&D

1.1 The Manifesto: RWE and Causal Inference

Phase III clinical trials routinely exceed $500M and take years, yet often fail to represent real-world patient heterogeneity.^1 A pre-competitive response has emerged: the 2025 Revolutionizing Clinical Trials manifesto, backed by Cambridge, AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi, EMD Serono, and Boehringer Ingelheim, calls for systematic use of Real-World Evidence (RWE) to augment and, where justified, replace certain RCT burdens.^1 Regulators have opened formal pathways (FDA guidance; Advancing RWE Program; 21st Century Cures Act).2–3

The challenge is causality. Observational data requires explicit causal structures, modern biostatistics, and ML to be decision-useful. Causal ML (e.g., super-learner ensembles and Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation, TMLE) reduces functional-form bias and enables credible effect estimation at scale.^4–6 Platforms commercialize this today (e.g., causalRisk™, causalPHR™).^7

1.2 In Silico Pharmacology: Validated Virtual Populations

PBPK and QSP/QST models integrate clinical data and RWE to simulate exposure, efficacy, and safety across under-represented populations (children, pregnant, postmenopausal).^8 Case studies (e.g., QST for DILI in postmenopausal women) show pre-trial safety evaluation without exposing real patients. These validated “virtual populations” become licensable R&D assets: reusable IP for virtual trials, label expansions, and regulatory justifications.

1.3 The LLM as a Clinical Reasoning Engine

LLMs have moved from retrieval to transparent reasoning (Chain-of-Thought; newer architectures like DeepSeek-R1), supporting clinical decision-making, protocol design, and PK/PD/DDI prediction.^9–12 Health systems now automate EHR extraction and QC in multiple languages, compressing timelines and error rates.10–12

1.4 The Speed Crisis in Publishing

AI progress outpaces slow peer review; state-of-the-art models and datasets “age out” before publication.^14 Without a persistent publishing substrate for models, code, and validated datasets, the record fragments and reproducibility suffers. This is the structural rationale for the DeSci layer (Section 4.3).

2. High-Tech Cultivation and the Circular Mandate

2.1 The Data-Driven Field

In controlled environment agriculture (CEA), energy can be up to 60% of OpEx, with lighting ≈ half of that.^15 Autonomy is the only sustainable equilibrium: WUR’s Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge (2024–2025) validates RL-controlled climate and resource optimization.^16–17 Logistics (AGVs), water-energy nexus control, BESS-orchestrated peak shaving, and vision AI (e.g., YOLOv8) for plant stress/disease close the loop.18–21

2.2 Agrivoltaics (AV)

AV resolves land-use conflicts by co-locating PV and agriculture. Panels act as paid microclimate generators, improving yields (aquaculture cases), stabilizing quality under reduced irradiance, and financing protected cultivation.24–26 NREL’s InSPIRE Caribbean coffee project (2025) exemplifies AV as infrastructure for climate-resilient agro-economies.^26

2.3 Hemp as a Multi-Life Feedstock

A single hemp harvest can drive multi-stage value:





Life 1: Myco-composites (MBC) — hemp hurds + mycelium → self-grown biocomposites that replace foams and enter construction/packaging.^33–35




Life 2: Biochemicals — “waste-of-waste” packaging becomes feedstock; one-pot ionic-liquid deconstruction yields bisabolene (jet-fuel precursor) at 1,400 mg/L.^38Patents and pilot lines now support full circularity.31,33–39



2.4 ISO-Compliant LCA as Business Logic

A 2023 LCA of hemp-based building board showed verifiably carbon-negative footprints (–2.302 kg CO₂ eq per m²), with 100% solar substitution improving CF by 164% to –6.07 kg CO₂ eq.^49–50 LCA is not marketing; it’s the economic control that designs profitable circular plants (autonomous greenhouses + AV + waste valorization).

3. The Global Compliance Gauntlet (Q4 2025)

3.1 Spain (Royal Decree 903/2025)

Hospital-pharmacy, specialist-only prescribing of standardized master formulas; EU-GMP oversight; AEMPS monographs define dosage/quality.^51–57 First implementation wave finalizes the monographs by Jan 2026.

3.2 Malta (EU-GMP Export Hub)

Framework optimizes for EU-GMP production and export; finished products preferred; MMA enforces stringent GMP and QP oversight.58–60

3.3 South Africa (2026)

Transitioning to commercialization under the National Cannabis Master Plan; hemp and cannabis policy due April 2026 for Cabinet approval.^62

3.4 Colombia (2025)

Decree 1138 authorizes medical flower, correcting a structural export handicap and aligning with demand in Germany and other markets.^64–65

3.5 Asia’s Divergence

Thailand (June 2025): strict medical re-regulation (Rx, GACP sources, tracked telemedicine dispensing).68Japan (Dec 2024): liberalization for CBD pharmaceuticals; route cleared for approvals (e.g., EPIDIOLEX).71

Conclusion: the world bifurcates into Pharmaceutical-Medical (EU/Asia) vs Regulated-Wellness (NA). Interoperability requires a translation layer, not a one-size rulebook.

4. The Digital Infrastructure of Trust & Trade

4.1 Reg-Tech Layer — Digital Borders

The Metrc–BioTrack partnership (2025) consolidated U.S. traceability, but exposed fragility: NY’s rollout paused; other states adjust timelines.72–76 Meanwhile, EU-GMP demands prescriptive documentation and validated process control distinct from state T&T.80–83Solution: a Global Compliance Gateway—a “Rosetta Stone” that manages one operational truth internally and emits jurisdiction-specific proofs externally (e.g., METRC T&T + EU-GMP E-Batch).84–85

4.2 Data-Linkage Layer — Seed-to-RWE

RWE architecture (e.g., Florida MEMORY Consortium) links registries and PROs to granular consumption variables at population scale.87–90 This makes state data pipelines a foundation for causal inference and labeling decisions (Section 1).

4.3 DeSci Layer — Parallel R&D Economy

Traditional DOIs don’t preserve models and code. New DeSci platforms anchor data + code + manuscripts on decentralized storage (e.g., IPFS), assign PIDs/DOIs, guarantee immutability/FAIRness, and introduce IP-NFTs that securitize research outputs for global funding/governance.91–103

4.4 dMRV Layer — Automated Trust

dMRV streams project data (IoT, satellite) into verifiers; smart contracts release payments and mint ESG assets only when proofs pass validation.104–111 The circular hemp case (–2.302 → –6.07 kg CO₂ eq) becomes a tokenized, financeable asset when tied to real-time plant telemetry.

5. Strategic Outlook: Capital Flows & Opportunities (2024–2026)

Public capital de-risks science (NIH HEAL, USDA NIFA/AFRI), with 2026 deadlines suited to pain, RWE, climate-smart agriculture, and bioenergy projects.112–119Private capital scales platforms: Ag-Tech/ESG VCs favor traceability and sustainable inputs; climate-tech funds back dMRV; DeSci funding converges (Pfizer Ventures ↔ VitaDAO; Binance Labs ↔ BIO Protocol) to financialize early-stage IP.120–124

Translation: the stack is being paid for—today.

6. Implementation Blueprint: CollectiveOS as Reference Stack

CollectiveOS is a practical instantiation of the stack:





AI (CannaSense + Ada): causal-ready RWE pipelines; multilingual EHR extraction; patient-registry linkage.




Reg-Tech Gateway: METRC-to-EU-GMP translation; 60-second audits; hospital-pharmacy validation (Spain).




DeSci & R&D: Research Objects (DOIs) for models, code, datasets; IP-NFT compatible governance.




dMRV & ESG: ISO-aligned LCA with live telemetry; smart-contract issuance of ESG assets.




Policy Engine: a single ledger regulators, researchers, and capital can co-reference.



Outcome: legalization stops being a moral debate and becomes a data-governance default. Each compliant node is a policy catalyst.

7. Policy Impact: The Legalization Flywheel





Proof of Compliance →




Regulatory Confidence →




Scientific Validation (RWE) →




Institutional Capital Entry →




Economic Maturity →




Policy Normalization (Legalization).



The same verifiable dataset drives all six stages. By design, the stack accelerates cross-border recognition for pharmaceutical models (EU/Asia) and wellness models (NA). Legal harmonization follows data harmonization.

8. Roadmap & KPIs (12–24 Months)





Publish: gateway specifications (METRC ↔ EU-GMP), OpenAPI for dMRV/ESG, and DeSci object schema.




Deploy: pilots (Illinois sandbox; AEMPS E-Batch review).




Measure: audit time ≤ 60 s; energy –60 %; water-reuse ≥ 80 %; LCA verified; ≥ 10 ESG tokens.




Scale: 3–5 nodes (NA, EU, AFR, LATAM, APAC); 25k RWE records; $1M+ non-dilutive grants.



Conclusion

The next generation of regulated bio-economies will be governed by verifiable intelligence: AI models trained on causal-ready RWE, research assets preserved and funded in DeSci markets, and sustainability claims enforced by dMRV and smart contracts.

This paper shows that these layers are not disparate trends but a single, mutually reinforcing infrastructure stack. As that stack goes live—via platforms like CollectiveOS—compliance friction collapses, reproducibility increases, ESG becomes financeable, and legalization becomes a function of transparent governance rather than political inertia.

From pilot to planet: build the stack, and the policy follows.

Notes & References (numbering matches in-text superscripts)





“Revolutionizing Clinical Trials” manifesto (2025, Cambridge + AZ + GSK + Sanofi + EMD Serono + BI).2–3. FDA RWE/EHR guidance; Advancing RWE Program; 21st Century Cures Act.4–7. Causal ML for RWE: super-learner, TMLE; commercial platforms causalRisk™, causalPHR™.




PBPK & QSP/QST virtual populations; DILI case study (postmenopausal women).9–12. LLMs for transparent clinical reasoning; PK/PD/DDI prediction; Google Cloud clinical automation (es).




“AI speed crisis” in scholarly publishing (2023).15–21. Energy burden in CEA; WUR RL autonomous greenhouse trials; AGVs; YOLOv8 plant health; EC temp compensation.22–26. Agrivoltaics (AV) — dual-use microclimate; NREL InSPIRE Caribbean coffee (2025).31,33–39. Hemp valorization into MBCs and biochemicals; bisabolene from waste-of-waste at 1,400 mg/L.43,49–50. ISO 14040/44 LCA; hemp board CF –2.302 → –6.07 kg CO₂ eq with solar substitution.51–57. Spain Royal Decree 903/2025 (pharmaceutical model; hospital pharmacies; AEMPS monographs).58–60. Malta MMA EU-GMP export rules; finished-goods emphasis.




South Africa Master Plan; 2026 commercialization policy timeline.64–65. Colombia Decree 1138 (medical flower authorization).68,71. Thailand 2025 re-regulation; Japan 2024 CBD pharma path.72–76,80–85. Metrc–BioTrack 2025 partnership; U.S. rollout delays; GMP vs T&T divergence; gateway platforms.87–90. MEMORY Consortium: registry linkage; product dose/route/timing; PROs.91–103. DeSci: DOIs/PIDs; IP-NFTs; Molecule, VitaDAO; DeSci Publish.104–111. dMRV principles; smart contracts; asset tokenization; KlimaDAO/Toucan/WePower examples.112–119. NIH HEAL; USDA AFRI/REAP 2026 cycles.120–124. ESG/Ag-Tech VC trends; Downforce (soil carbon dMRV) financing; Planboo biochar; Verra & JPM dMRV alignment.



 

H. Global Rollout & Strategic Collaborations (2026–2030)

Switzerland Collaboration Framework + Three Strategic Partner Nations

1️⃣ Switzerland — The Neutral Coordination Hub

Role: Global Harmonization, Validation, and IP Governance

Why Switzerland:Switzerland is the natural “nerve center” for global deployment of the CollectiveOS / Bio-Economy Infrastructure Stack due to its neutrality, research excellence, and regulatory interoperability. It anchors the rollout as a compliance-agnostic coordination node between EU, U.S., and Asia-Pacific jurisdictions.




Function
Description




Regulatory Gateway
Switzerland’s independent regulatory agencies (Swissmedic, FOEN) recognize both EU-GMP and ICH guidelines, enabling dual validation of data packages for EU and global regulators.


AI & DeSci Integration
ETH Zürich, EPFL, and Basel’s BioValley provide high-density AI pharmacology, DeSci, and blockchain research ecosystems ideal for pilot consortium HQ.


Data Governance
Switzerland’s Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP, revised 2023) aligns with GDPR but retains sovereign flexibility, ideal for operating the ProofVault’s international data mirrors.


Funding Interface
Access to EU programmes via Horizon Europe Associated Country status and to Swiss Innovation Agency (Innosuisse) co-funding (TRL 4–7, SMEs and research partnerships).


IP & Arbitration Hub
Swiss-based neutral jurisdiction for IP-NFT governance and DeSci DAO arbitration—recognized by WIPO and international courts.




Lead Institutions (potential collaborators):





ETH Zürich / AI Center: AI causal inference, medical ML, sustainability modeling.




University of Basel (BioValley): Pharmaceutical R&D, translational DeSci studies.




Innosuisse & Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): Joint funding calls for sustainable bio-manufacturing and AI ethics.




Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN): Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) certification partner for dMRV pilots.



Key Deliverables (2026–2028):





Host Global ProofVault Node–CH01 (multilateral data arbitration server).




Establish “Zurich Charter for Ethical AI in Regulated Bio-Economies.”




Lead ISO PV-42025 pre-standardization working group (AI + dMRV).



2️⃣ Germany — The Industrial & Policy Anchor (EU Core)

Role: EU Manufacturing & Policy Demonstrator





Strengths: Largest EU medical cannabis and biotech R&D market; home to EU-GMP standard-setting bodies (BfArM, EMA).




Function in Stack: ProofVault integration into EU-GMP audit workflows, industrial decarbonization pilots via Fraunhofer ISE/UMSICHT, and carbon-credit verification with Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena).




Funding: Horizon Europe, BMWK’s Zukunftsfonds, and KfW Climate Transformation Facility.




Deliverables: EU regulator sandbox (METRC ↔ EU-GMP bridge), dMRV + LCA pilot for pharmaceutical energy optimization.



3️⃣ Singapore — The APAC Digital & Regulatory Hub

Role: Asia-Pacific Gateway & Digital Trade Node





Strengths: Singapore’s Health Sciences Authority (HSA) and Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) jointly support RegTech and digital health sandboxes, ideal for ProofVault compliance-as-a-service demonstrations.




Function in Stack: APAC node for DeSci IP-NFT and cross-border data portability testing under ASEAN frameworks.




Funding: EnterpriseSG, A*STAR Innovation Factory grants, and Green Data Centre Program (for dMRV compute).




Deliverables: Smart-contract registry pilot; integration with Singapore’s Project Greenprint ESG ledger for tokenized carbon credits.



4️⃣ South Africa — The Continental Bio-Economy Pioneer

Role: Africa’s R&D and Sustainable Manufacturing Bridge





Strengths: National Cannabis Master Plan, DTIc commercialization strategy, and strong biotech manufacturing base (Cape Town, Durban).




Function in Stack: Local ProofVault node (AF-01) for hemp/cannabis valorization data, linked to global ESG tokenization network.




Funding: Technology Innovation Agency (TIA), Department of Science and Innovation (DSI), and access to World Bank Climate Investment Funds (CIF/CTF) and Green Climate Fund (GCF) readiness programs.




Deliverables: Carbon-negative hemp LCA lab; DeSci-Africa training hub in collaboration with University of Pretoria and Stellenbosch University.



5️⃣ Canada — The North American Science & Data-Governance Partner

Role: Data Ethics, AI Safety, and Industrial Demonstration Partner





Strengths: Canada’s AI ecosystem (CIFAR, Mila, Vector Institute) and advanced bio-manufacturing clusters (Ontario, Quebec).




Function in Stack: Integration of Canadian AI governance models (AIDA, 2025) with ProofVault’s cross-border data framework; expansion of hemp circular bio-economy via NRC IRAP & Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC).




Funding: IRAP, SIF, SDTC, NSERC Alliance Grants.




Deliverables: North American ESG dMRV demonstration; ethical-AI toolkit for healthcare and bio-industrial sectors.



6️⃣ Implementation Timeline (2026–2030)




Year
Milestone
Lead Node
Outcome




2026
Formalize Swiss Coordination Centre (ProofVault–CH01) + initiate Horizon/ARPA joint proposals
Switzerland
Operational neutral governance & funding bridge


2027
EU Industrial Pilot (Germany) + APAC Sandbox (Singapore) live
Germany / Singapore
Real-time multi-jurisdiction data verification


2028
Africa & Canada dMRV pilots producing tokenized ESG assets
South Africa / Canada
Carbon-negative certification + DeSci publication outputs


2029
ISO PV-42025 pre-standard draft published (Zurich working group)
Switzerland
Global compliance interoperability standard


2030
Network operational in 5 continents
All nodes
Continuous AI-DeSci-dMRV data flow; full policy harmonization dashboard




7️⃣ Global Outcome

By positioning Switzerland as the governance core, Germany as the policy-industrial validator, Singapore as the digital-financial integrator, and South Africa and Canada as the southern and northern hemispheric R&D and sustainability anchors, the CollectiveOS stack becomes the first planetary-scale compliance and verification fabric for the regulated bio-economy.

This configuration provides:





A single data language across pharmaceutical, agricultural, and climate industries.




Globally valid RWE + ESG + LCA + IP evidence for investors and regulators.




Direct eligibility for Horizon Europe, Innosuisse, EIC, NIH, DOE, USDA, SDTC, and GCF funding streams.