DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1rd
title: Data from: Occurrence, morphology, and taxonomy of the late Cambrian Laurentian dikelocephalid trilobite Osceolia Walcott, 1914

description: This dataset provides details of the occurrence of Osceolia Walcott, 1914
 as discussed in the accompanying paper. This data includes the field notes
 of previous collections made and a list of specimen information associated
 with the repositories they are stored in. The table included here provides
 the detailed notes made by authors during the study of varied specimen and
 respository collections. We include bivariate plots of the variance
 explained by each relative warp for the sclerites analyzed and
 morphometric measurement error analysis. The raw data files used for
 running the geometric morphometrics analyses are also included in the
 supplementary material. 
description: # Data from: Occurrence, morphology, and taxonomy of the late Cambrian
 Laurentian dikelocephalid trilobite Osceolia Walcott, 1914 Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1rd](10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1rd) ## Description of the
 data and file structure This dataset corresponds to a related article
 about a late Cambrian trilobite, *Osceolia* from the St. Lawrence
 Formation and the overlying Jordan Formation in the Upper Mississippi
 Valley. The material provides further support for the analytical results
 and discussions presented in the main study including specimen repository
 information, further information on the analysis of morphological
 variation in the specimen dataset, *Osceolia* locality information deemed
 not essential to include in the main text, field-notes of the earlier
 workers that collected data relevant to *Osceolia* occurrences and
 information about the geographic and stratigraphic occurrence of the nomen
 nudum "*Osceolina diabolo"*. The sclerites of *Osceolia*
 analyzed here were collected on field excursions in Wisconsin and
 Minnesota by both amateur and professional paleontologists early in the
 last century. All *Osceolia* specimens were imaged in dorsal view with the
 palpebral lobe surface mounted horizontally and the pygidial axial furrow
 mounted horizontally, mostly using a Nikon SLR camera, either as 35 mm
 black and white negative or directly as digital images. In order to reveal
 the morphology more clearly, specimens were coated with ammonium chloride
 sublimate prior to being photographed. The image library was assembled
 intermittently between 1986 and 2024. Images were taken within the
 specimen’s host institution or at the University of California, Riverside.
 Negatives were digitally scanned with a Polaroid SprintScan 35 plus or an
 Epson Perfection V700 scanner. Raw data files for the geometric
 morphometric analyses are also provided in this dataset. ### Files and
 variables #### File: OscSupple\_production.docx **Description:** This file
 contains the various relevant supplementary data files combined together
 into a Microsoft Word file. The following is the description of each file
 included here: **Supplemental Data 1**: *Osceolia* repositories and
 cataloged specimen list. This lists the specimen numbers of *Osceolia*
 specimens used in the main study along with the repository institutions
 that they are stored in. An explanation of the repository abbreviations is
 also provided to go along with the complete specimen numbers.
 **Supplementary Data 2**: *Osceolia* locality details. These notes include
 information on localities collected and logged by the authors and also
 information gleaned from the various sources associated with the specimen
 repository collections. Also provided are the justifications of rejected
 *Osceolia* occurrences mentioned in historical collections and explanation
 of one special specimen that was assigned to be cf. *Osceolia*.
 **Supplementary Data 3**: Measurement error analysis. The results of a
 simple test of variance of shape among selected specimens to quantify
 human measurement error when collecting geometric morphometric landmark
 data. **Supplementary Data 4**: Osceola, Wisconsin and Minnesota combined
 Norwalk Member collections. Results of morphometric analysis of combined
 dataset of specimens from the Osceola locality from both sides, WI and MN
 just from the Norwalk Member of Jordan Formation are provided to support
 the results included in the main study. **Supplementary Data 5**: Shape
 variation captured by relative warps in various datasets. Explanation of
 choice of relevant relative warp components for analysis discussed in the
 main study is provided. **Supplementary Data 6**: Earlier worker
 field-notes for the St. Lawrence and Jordan formations at Osceola,
 Wisconsin. Images of archived material at the Smithsonian Institution
 Archives is provided which illustrates the field-work notes made by
 earlier workers including E.O. Ulrich, Charles D. Walcott and Charles
 Schuchert. **Supplementary Data 7**: Notes on geographic ad stratigraphic
 occurrence of nomen nudum "*Osceolina diabolo"*. Information
 from the Smithsonian Paleontology Collection Location file index cards and
 Smithsonian Institution Archives is provided as discussion of
 "*Osceolina diabolo*" occurrences in the Upper Mississippi
 Valley. #### File: OscSupple2b\_log\_4\_24\_25.xlsx **Description:** This
 table lists all the information that has been collected by authors from
 various sources such as the Smithsonian Institution Archives over the
 course of compiling the *Osceolia* specimen image library. ##### Variables
 * Sheet **Osceolia log** contains type specimen information for all
 published studies with *Osceolia* specimens included in them. *
 **Inst/Specimen No**: Repository abbreviation (see above) along with the
 reposited specimen number. * **Original Genus name**: Genus group that the
 specimen was originally assigned to when published for the first time *
 **Original species name**: Species group that the specimen was originally
 assigned to when published for the first time * **Subsequent
 illustration**: Record of subsequent illustration of the same specimen if
 any * **Current genus**: Genus group that the specimen is currently
 assigned to, either by Srivastava and Hughes' observations or by
 subsequent studies before Srivastava and Hughes * **Current species**:
 Species group that the specimen is currently assigned to, either by
 Srivastava and Hughes' observations or by subsequent studies before
 Srivastava and Hughes * **Sclerite**: Designation of specimen to either
 cranidium, free cheek, thoracic segment, hypostome or pygidium * **Part/
 Counterpart**: Designation of specimen to being either part or counterpart
 of the actual sclerite * **Locality**: Information about locality where
 the specimen was collected from * **Co-occurrent taxa**: Record of
 co-occurring taxa, if any * **Geological Unit** and **Facies**:
 Stratigraphic information associated with the specimen * **Original
 Author/Year, Pages, Plate** and **Figure**: Information of the original
 illustration of the specimen for the first time historically *
 **Film/Frame**: Name of the image file according to the 35 mm black and
 white negative films collected in the 1980s * **Cast**: Record if a latex
 cast was made if the specimen was a counterpart * **Scanned image**:
 Record if an image exists in the digital image library for the specimen *
 **Jin-Bo Photo**: Record if an extra copy of the image is stored in a
 colleague's (Jin-Bo Hou) digital image library * **Image quality**:
 Record if the resolution of digital image is not satisfactory * **Notes**:
 Any additional information associated with the specimen. * Sheet **USNM
 Locality Info** contains relevant information collected about associated
 type localities with data reposited at the Smithsonian National Museum of
 Natural History * **USNM Locality**: Locality code as assigned and
 recorded at the museum repository * **Age**: Geological age of the
 locality * **Geologic Unit**: Stratigraphic unit bearing fossils at the
 locality * **Location**: Detailed description of the locality * **Fossils
 found**: List of fossils collected at the locality * Sheet **Non-fig-Fig
 specimen localities** contains detailed information about the non-type
 localities * **Collection**: Museum abbreviation referring to either where
 the specimen is reposited (also see Supplementary Data 1) or where the
 detailed information of the locality is reposited. * **Locality**:
 Locality name and description #### File: OscWINmCRNew\.tps A tps file
 listing landmark data used for morphometric analysis of 20 cranidia from
 Osceola, WI, Norwalk Member collection. The data listed is in x-y
 coordinate format. #### File: OscWINmPY.tps A tps file listing landmark
 data used for morphometric analysis of 14 pygidia from Osceola, WI,
 Norwalk Member collection. The data listed is in x-y coordinate format.
 #### File: Osc62CrAMPOSymmNew\.tps A tps file listing landmark data used
 for morphometric analysis of 62 cranidia from all collections of *O.
 osceola* pooled together to analyze the shape variation of the species as
 a whole. The data listed is in x-y coordinate format. #### File:
 Osc41PY.tps A tps file listing landmark data used for morphometric
 analysis of 41 pygidia from all collections of *O. osceola* pooled
 together to analyze the shape variation of the species as a whole. The
 data listed is in x-y coordinate format. #### File: classifier62collec.csv
 A '.csv' file (required format to read classifier files in
 ggplot2 package in R) listing the locality designation of each of the 62
 cranidia analyzed in the main study. ##### Variables * **ID:** Specimen ID
 of specimens used in the morphometrics analysis listed in sequence as per
 in the 'Osc62CrAMPOSymmNew.tps' file. * **Image:** Image file
 name in image library of all *Osceolia* specimens. * **Locality:**
 Specimen locality named according to locality names listed in
 'OscSupple2b_log_4_24_25.xlsx' * **PoinColor:** Label color
 designated to each specimen according to their locality for relevant PCA
 plots as shown in the main text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for
 using ggplot2 package in R. * **PoinShape:** Label shape designated to
 each specimen according to their locality for relevant PCA plots as shown
 in the main text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2
 package in R. #### File: classifier62ledge.csv A '.csv' file
 (required format to read classifier files in ggplot2 package in R) listing
 the ledge class designation of each of the 62 cranidia analyzed in the
 main study. ##### Variables * **ID:** Specimen ID of specimens used in the
 morphometrics analysis listed in sequence as per in the
 'Osc62CrAMPOSymmNew.tps' file. * **Image:** Image file name in
 image library of all *Osceolia* specimens. * **Ledge:** Cranidial anterior
 border ledge class designated to each specimen as discussed in the main
 text. * **PoinColor:** Label color designated to each specimen according
 to their ledge class for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text.
 Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. *
 **PoinShape:** Label shape designated to each specimen according to their
 ledge class for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text. Codes/ names
 used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. #### File:
 classifier62litho.csv A '.csv' file (required format to read
 classifier files in ggplot2 package in R) listing the lithology
 designation of each of the 62 cranidia analyzed in the main study. #####
 Variables * **ID:** Specimen ID of specimens used in the morphometrics
 analysis listed in sequence as per in the
 'Osc62CrAMPOSymmNew.tps' file. * **Image:** Image file name in
 image library of all *Osceolia* specimens. * **Locality:** Specimen
 locality named according to locality names listed in
 'OscSupple2b_log_4_24_25.xlsx' * **Lithology:** Lithology of
 each specimen. * **PoinColor:** Label color designated to each specimen
 according to their lithology for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main
 text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R.
 * **PoinShape:** Label shape designated to each specimen according to
 their lithology for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text. Codes/
 names used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. #### File:
 classifier62Species.csv A '.csv' file (required format to read
 classifier files in ggplot2 package in R) listing the type species or
 non-type species designation according to previous illustrations and
 systematic descriptions of *Osceolia* specimens included in the 62
 cranidia analyzed in the main study. ##### Variables * **ID:** Specimen ID
 of specimens used in the morphometrics analysis listed in sequence as per
 in the 'Osc62CrAMPOSymmNew.tps' file. * **Image:** Image file
 name in image library of all *Osceolia* specimens. * **Locality:**
 Specimen locality named according to locality names listed in
 'OscSupple2b_log_4_24_25.xlsx' * **Author:** Original author
 that published each specimen. * **Species:** Original type species name of
 each previously published specimen. * **PoinColor:** Label color
 designated to each specimen according to their previous species
 designation for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text. Codes/ names
 used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. * **PoinShape:**
 Label shape designated to each specimen according to their previous
 species designation for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text.
 Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. ####
 File: classifier41collec.csv A '.csv' file (required format to
 read classifier files in ggplot2 package in R) listing the locality
 designation of each of the 41 pygidia analyzed in the main study. #####
 Variables * **ID:** Specimen ID of specimens used in the morphometrics
 analysis listed in sequence as per in the 'Osc41PY.tps' file. *
 **Image:** Image file name in image library of all *Osceolia* specimens. *
 **Locality:** Specimen locality named according to locality names listed
 in 'OscSupple2b_log_4_24_25.xlsx' * **PoinColor:** Label color
 designated to each specimen according to their locality for relevant PCA
 plots as shown in the main text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for
 using ggplot2 package in R. * **PoinShape:** Label shape designated to
 each specimen according to their locality for relevant PCA plots as shown
 in the main text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2
 package in R. #### File: classifier41litho.csv A '.csv' file
 (required format to read classifier files in ggplot2 package in R) listing
 the lithology designation of each of the 41 pygidia analyzed in the main
 study. ##### Variables * **ID:** Specimen ID of specimens used in the
 morphometrics analysis listed in sequence as per in the
 'Osc41PY.tps' file. * **Image:** Image file name in image
 library of all *Osceolia* specimens. * **Locality:** Specimen locality
 named according to locality names listed in
 'OscSupple2b_log_4_24_25.xlsx' * **Level:** Level defined within
 the locality in previous column from where each specimen was collected. *
 **Lithology:** Lithology of each specimen. * **PoinColor:** Label color
 designated to each specimen according to their lithology for relevant PCA
 plots as shown in the main text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for
 using ggplot2 package in R. * **PoinShape:** Label shape designated to
 each specimen according to their lithology for relevant PCA plots as shown
 in the main text. Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2
 package in R. #### File: classifier41Species.csv A '.csv' file
 (required format to read classifier files in ggplot2 package in R) listing
 the type species or non-type species designation according to the previous
 illustrations and systematic descriptions of *Osceolia* specimens included
 in the 41 pygidia analyzed in the main study. ##### Variables * **ID:**
 Specimen ID of specimens used in the morphometrics analysis listed in
 sequence as per in the 'Osc41PY.tps' file. * **Image:** Image
 file name in image library of all *Osceolia* specimens. * **Locality:**
 Specimen locality named according to locality names listed in
 'OscSupple2b_log_4_24_25.xlsx' * **Author:** Original author
 that published each specimen. * **Species:** Original type species name of
 each previously published specimen. * **PoinColor:** Label color
 designated to each specimen according to their previous species
 designation for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text. Codes/ names
 used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. * **PoinShape:**
 Label shape designated to each specimen according to their previous
 species designation for relevant PCA plots as shown in the main text.
 Codes/ names used follow conventions for using ggplot2 package in R. *
 **PoinStroke:** Color of label outline for each specimen in the relevant
 PCA plots as discussed in the main text. ## Code/software **Description of
 methods used for collection/generation of data:** Measurement error
 analysis conducted using traditional landmark data obtained from
 **tpsdig**
 ([http://www.sbmorphometrics.org/soft-dataacq.html](http://www.sbmorphometrics.org/soft-dataacq.html), '.tps' files) from three selected cranidia specimens with 28 landmarks and measured ten times each. Shape variance was calculated using the 8th version of **Integrated Morphometrics Package** (Sheets, 2014; [https://www.animal-behaviour.de/imp/](https://www.animal-behaviour.de/imp/)). Cartesian X and Y coordinates of landmark data for growth variation explained by relative warps was obtained from **tpsdig** for the 20 cranidia and 14 pygidia from Osceola, Wisconsin Norwalk Member, and 62 cranidia and 41 pygidia from the entire collection ('.tps' files). Classifier files used by ggplot2 package in R require the file format '.csv'. **Microsoft Excel** was used to generate this type of file. **Methods for processing the data:** Morphometric analysis of the landmark dataset was conducted using **RStudio** interface in R ([https://www.rstudio.com](https://www.rstudio.com)). In R, the package used for statistical analysis were **geomorph** (Baken et al., 2021; Adams et al., 2021) for most of the morphometric functions, **Residual Randomization Permutation Package** (Collyer and Adams, 2018, 2021) for fitting linear regression models and **ggplot2** package to plot specimens as classified according to certain relevant parameters (Wickham, 2016).