cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509911.v1
title: ETHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS RELATED TO THE PROCEDURE OF WEARING OR NOT THE TEETH OF PIGLETS IN MATERNITY

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of piglets and sows regarding the treatment of wearing or not the teeth of the piglets. Sixty-seven swine matrices and 827 piglets were used. The experiment was performed in three locations and the behavioral data was obtained from the ethogram, in the directed form. Piglets were observed every ten minutes for four hours, three times a week. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with repeated measures in time. The mixed model was used with the fixed treatment effect, shift, period and their interactions, and the random batch effect using the MIXED procedure of SAS (2008). Fifteen structures of variance and covariance were tested, choosing the one that presented the lowest value for the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). No significant effects were found for the agonistic, stereotyped, playful, and exploratory behavior in relation to the treatments as well as for the whole period evaluated (P&gt;0.05). Significant effects were identified on the suckling behavior, comparing the treatments (P≤0.05). No significant effects were found for the dietary behavior of the matrices (P&gt;0.05). The study differed from drinking for the period evaluated (P≤0.05). Permanence or not of the piglets' teeth can affect important behaviors such as suckling, which is responsible for the efficient weight gain. The wear of the teeth may be unnecessary due to the injuries caused as a result of the mismanagement of this practice. More studies on this theme, seeking further elucidations, are necessary
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5671243.v1
title: MEAT QUALITY OF RODHE ISLAND RED POULTRY REARED IN ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM

description: Abstract This study aimed to characterize the quality of the meat from Rodhe Island Red poultry, considering the type of cut and sex. We used 30 birds in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (2 x 2), two cuts (breast and thigh) and both sexes, with five replicates per treatment. The birds were slaughtered at 105 days to carry out the physical and chemical analysis, chemical composition and lipid profile of breast and thigh. The thigh showed the highest mean final pH, redness (a*) and shear force (SF). For brightness (L*), the breast had the highest average as well as females presented the highest SF average. The thigh presented the highest amount of ether extract (EE) and humidity. The breast presented the highest amount of saturated fatty acids. Females showed the highest amount of ω3 and the lowest ω6 / ω3 relation. There was a higher thrombogenicity index in breast meat. The thigh showed the lowest content of saturated fatty acids and a lower thrombogenicity index. Females had higher content of ω3. The cut showed greater influence then sex on the studied parameters and the thigh showed better physical and chemical aspects and lipid profile for poultry meat in such production system regarding the meat quality as desirable by the consumers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514156
title: POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE NELLORE HERD REARED IN THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST SEMI-ARID

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the population structure of 91,579 Nellore cattle reared in the Northeast semi-arid, born between 1965 and 2011. We analyzed the pedigree and the estimation of population parameters based on the probability of gene origin. In the early years, a higher number of female births occured, tending to gender balance over the years. The number of founder animals (fe) and ancestors (fa) indicated the reduced use of animals in the genetic formation of the herd. Among 2,4676 ancestors, 450 were responsible for 50% of the genetic variability of the population. Of the 10 most important founders, 8 were among the 10 ancestors. The individual with the highest expression presented a mean coefficient of relationship (CR) of 1.31%, explaining 1.81% of the variability.72% of animals have identified fathers and mothers, revealing loss of information between generations. 100% of the herds use external bulls and 61% of them sell bulls, with no core classification or isolate. Inbreeding ranged from 0.14% in the second generation to 0.73% in the eighth, while the CR ranged from 0.8% to 0.35% between the first and fourth generations, decreasing from the fifth on. The average generation interval observed was of 8.3 years. The herd has a small number of animals in the genetic make-up, and small completeness of pedigree, making it difficult to estimate some population parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514156.v1
title: POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE NELLORE HERD REARED IN THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST SEMI-ARID

description: Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the population structure of 91,579 Nellore cattle reared in the Northeast semi-arid, born between 1965 and 2011. We analyzed the pedigree and the estimation of population parameters based on the probability of gene origin. In the early years, a higher number of female births occured, tending to gender balance over the years. The number of founder animals (fe) and ancestors (fa) indicated the reduced use of animals in the genetic formation of the herd. Among 2,4676 ancestors, 450 were responsible for 50% of the genetic variability of the population. Of the 10 most important founders, 8 were among the 10 ancestors. The individual with the highest expression presented a mean coefficient of relationship (CR) of 1.31%, explaining 1.81% of the variability.72% of animals have identified fathers and mothers, revealing loss of information between generations. 100% of the herds use external bulls and 61% of them sell bulls, with no core classification or isolate. Inbreeding ranged from 0.14% in the second generation to 0.73% in the eighth, while the CR ranged from 0.8% to 0.35% between the first and fourth generations, decreasing from the fifth on. The average generation interval observed was of 8.3 years. The herd has a small number of animals in the genetic make-up, and small completeness of pedigree, making it difficult to estimate some population parameters.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509479
title: MATERIAL CULTURE, SPACES AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN THE PEDAGOGY MAGAZINE/SPAIN: THE CIRCULATION OF INTERNATIONAL IDEAS AND THE SPANISH CONTEXT (1922-1934)

description: Abstract The study analyzes a set of 20 articles of Revista de Pedagogía, Spain, published between the years 1922- 1934, that address the issues related to spaces, school buildings and school furniture. The periodic, founded and directed by Lorenzo Luzuriaga between the years of 1922-1936 was destined specially for teachers, principals, inspectors, institutes teachers and university professors. We verified that the articles present international concepts related to new trends in school spaces, especially about outdoor schools and the furniture. In relation to the Spanish context, discusses the school buildings and material investments in an intense debate between the need for expansion to the most distant regions of the country and monumental buildings of large urban centers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509479.v1
title: MATERIAL CULTURE, SPACES AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN THE PEDAGOGY MAGAZINE/SPAIN: THE CIRCULATION OF INTERNATIONAL IDEAS AND THE SPANISH CONTEXT (1922-1934)

description: Abstract The study analyzes a set of 20 articles of Revista de Pedagogía, Spain, published between the years 1922- 1934, that address the issues related to spaces, school buildings and school furniture. The periodic, founded and directed by Lorenzo Luzuriaga between the years of 1922-1936 was destined specially for teachers, principals, inspectors, institutes teachers and university professors. We verified that the articles present international concepts related to new trends in school spaces, especially about outdoor schools and the furniture. In relation to the Spanish context, discusses the school buildings and material investments in an intense debate between the need for expansion to the most distant regions of the country and monumental buildings of large urban centers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509845.v1
title: CARACTERÍSTICAS RACIAIS E DE CARCAÇA NAS PERDAS POR CONTUSÕES E NO PH FINAL DA CARNE DE BOVINOS MACHOS CASTRADOS E FÊMEAS DE DESCARTE

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the genetic group, maturity, and fatness score of cattle on losses by bruises and final pH value of the carcass of steers and cows. The number of bruises and the final pH value of the carcasses were evaluated as response variables in function of the genetic group, the physiological maturity, and the fatness score. Increases of 174.6 and 159.4% cases of bruises were found when maturity evolved from deciduous to eight teeth for males and females, respectively. The carcasses with moderate fat showed a higher number of bruises than scarce-fat carcasses only in males. Bruises increased by 37.93 and 23.52% for the zebu animals compared with taurine cattle, for males and females, respectively. As regards the pH values, there were variations between sexes, with females having, on average, higher pH, which differed between zebu and taurine cattle. Two-teethed males displayed higher pH values than four-teethed animals, while four and six-teethed females presented higher values than the others. Physiological maturity, fatness score, and genetic group influence losses by bruises in bovine carcasses, with older animals being more susceptible to bruises. Zebu animals being are also more susceptible. Females are more susceptible to final pH alterations in the carcass, mainly in the carcasses of zebu animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14270055
title: Shading And Slow Release Fertilizer Effects On The Growth Characteristics Of Assai Seedlings (Euterpe oleracea)

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of assai seedlings (Euterpe oleraceae) in response to shading and slow release fertilizer. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Acre in a randomized block design using a 4 × 5 factorial scheme with three replicates and 10 plants per plot. The treatments consisted of four shade environments (20%, 30%, 50% and 75%) and five levels of slow release fertilizer (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg m–3). The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and seedlings quality index. The growth of assai seedlings was influenced by shade environment conditions and slow release fertilizer. Shade environment with 30% or 50% and a dose of 8 kg m–3 resulted in better quality seedlings.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14272930
title: Potential of Texture Analysis for Charcoal Classification

description: Abstract Charcoal produced from reforested wood can be distinguished from the charcoal derived from the wood of native species. This identification is very important for the trade, control and monitoring of charcoal production in Brazil. This study investigated the potential of texture analysis for classifying the charcoal based on origin (eucalyptus or native) and species. A total of 17 wood species were studied, five of which belonged to genus Eucalyptus and 12 were native to the Zona da Mata Mineira. Texture features based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix were extracted from digital images. The linear discriminant analysis was used to classify the images with these features. Employing 10 features, 96.2% accuracy was achieved for the classification by origin and 90.4% for the categorization by species. Texture analysis was shown to be a favorable and effective method that could facilitate the establishment of semiautomated techniques to classify the charcoal based on origin or species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511048
title: PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY CHOLINE SOURCES AND LEVELS

description: Abstract Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the bioequivalence of a commercial phosphatidylcholine source (Biocholine™) as an alternative to choline chloride and the choline requirements of broilers of a fast-growth strain. In Experiment I, 672 broilers were fed four Biocholine™ levels (0, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg) and three choline levels (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) supplied as choline chloride between 4 and 28 days (d) of age. In Experiment II, 462 broilers received diets supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 600 or 800 mg/kg choline as choline chloride. In both experiments, diets were based on white rice, soybean meal, and corn gluten. In Experiment I, birds fed choline chloride presented higher feed intake than those fed Biocholine™. Both choline supplements linearly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) between 15 and 28 d, but the curves presented different slopes, showing that one unit (U) of Biocholine™ was equivalent to 2.52 U of choline supplied as choline chloride. In Experiment II, the supplementation of choline had a quadratic effect on weight gain (WG) but did not affect FCR. Choline requirements for WG were determined as 778, 632, and 645 mg/kg for 1-7, 1-35, and 1-42 d of age, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14272930.v1
title: Potential of Texture Analysis for Charcoal Classification

description: Abstract Charcoal produced from reforested wood can be distinguished from the charcoal derived from the wood of native species. This identification is very important for the trade, control and monitoring of charcoal production in Brazil. This study investigated the potential of texture analysis for classifying the charcoal based on origin (eucalyptus or native) and species. A total of 17 wood species were studied, five of which belonged to genus Eucalyptus and 12 were native to the Zona da Mata Mineira. Texture features based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix were extracted from digital images. The linear discriminant analysis was used to classify the images with these features. Employing 10 features, 96.2% accuracy was achieved for the classification by origin and 90.4% for the categorization by species. Texture analysis was shown to be a favorable and effective method that could facilitate the establishment of semiautomated techniques to classify the charcoal based on origin or species.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7509845
title: CARACTERÍSTICAS RACIAIS E DE CARCAÇA NAS PERDAS POR CONTUSÕES E NO PH FINAL DA CARNE DE BOVINOS MACHOS CASTRADOS E FÊMEAS DE DESCARTE

description: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the genetic group, maturity, and fatness score of cattle on losses by bruises and final pH value of the carcass of steers and cows. The number of bruises and the final pH value of the carcasses were evaluated as response variables in function of the genetic group, the physiological maturity, and the fatness score. Increases of 174.6 and 159.4% cases of bruises were found when maturity evolved from deciduous to eight teeth for males and females, respectively. The carcasses with moderate fat showed a higher number of bruises than scarce-fat carcasses only in males. Bruises increased by 37.93 and 23.52% for the zebu animals compared with taurine cattle, for males and females, respectively. As regards the pH values, there were variations between sexes, with females having, on average, higher pH, which differed between zebu and taurine cattle. Two-teethed males displayed higher pH values than four-teethed animals, while four and six-teethed females presented higher values than the others. Physiological maturity, fatness score, and genetic group influence losses by bruises in bovine carcasses, with older animals being more susceptible to bruises. Zebu animals being are also more susceptible. Females are more susceptible to final pH alterations in the carcass, mainly in the carcasses of zebu animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511048.v1
title: PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY CHOLINE SOURCES AND LEVELS

description: Abstract Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the bioequivalence of a commercial phosphatidylcholine source (Biocholine™) as an alternative to choline chloride and the choline requirements of broilers of a fast-growth strain. In Experiment I, 672 broilers were fed four Biocholine™ levels (0, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg) and three choline levels (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) supplied as choline chloride between 4 and 28 days (d) of age. In Experiment II, 462 broilers received diets supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 600 or 800 mg/kg choline as choline chloride. In both experiments, diets were based on white rice, soybean meal, and corn gluten. In Experiment I, birds fed choline chloride presented higher feed intake than those fed Biocholine™. Both choline supplements linearly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) between 15 and 28 d, but the curves presented different slopes, showing that one unit (U) of Biocholine™ was equivalent to 2.52 U of choline supplied as choline chloride. In Experiment II, the supplementation of choline had a quadratic effect on weight gain (WG) but did not affect FCR. Choline requirements for WG were determined as 778, 632, and 645 mg/kg for 1-7, 1-35, and 1-42 d of age, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259764
title: Defense responses of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) against brown spot as a result of possible elicitors application

description: ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of wheat plants to the application of possible elicitor compounds against Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogen. This response was measured through the quantification of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde and flavonoids, evaluation of the severity of brown spot disease and productivity in wheat, greenhouse and field crops. The treatments consisted of suspensions of endophytic fungi Aspergillus japonicus and Trichoderma tomentosum, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl and fungicide. In the field trials, in 2015 and 2016, the development of the disease was lower and productivity was higher in all treatments, with emphasis on the fungicide. However, endophytic fungi suspensions demonstrated potential as growth promoters, disease severity reducers and protective antioxidant response activators, as they promoted significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and flavonoid enzymes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14270743
title: Dynamics of dry tropical forest after three decades of vegetation suppression

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the community and shrub-woody individuals in a dry forest in the Brazilian semiarid region after 29 years of vegetation suppression. Individuals with a circumference at 1.30 m above the ground (CBH) ≥ 6 cm were counted and their heights and CBH were measured in 40 permanent plots on three monitoring occasions (2011, 2013 and 2015). In the period between 2011 and 2015 the area presented a below average precipitation for the last 30 years. Phytosociological parameters and diversity were estimated. The density of individuals decreased from 2011 to 2015 (p &lt; 0.01) and the basal area was similar. During the monitoring period, Poincianella bracteosa stood out in density, frequency and dominance. Phytosociological changes were more evident for an interval of four years. After 29 years of vegetation suppression, the community diversity is within the values for preserved semiarid (caatinga) vegetation. A long period of drought was the main disturbance factor affecting vegetation dynamics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14270743.v1
title: Dynamics of dry tropical forest after three decades of vegetation suppression

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the community and shrub-woody individuals in a dry forest in the Brazilian semiarid region after 29 years of vegetation suppression. Individuals with a circumference at 1.30 m above the ground (CBH) ≥ 6 cm were counted and their heights and CBH were measured in 40 permanent plots on three monitoring occasions (2011, 2013 and 2015). In the period between 2011 and 2015 the area presented a below average precipitation for the last 30 years. Phytosociological parameters and diversity were estimated. The density of individuals decreased from 2011 to 2015 (p &lt; 0.01) and the basal area was similar. During the monitoring period, Poincianella bracteosa stood out in density, frequency and dominance. Phytosociological changes were more evident for an interval of four years. After 29 years of vegetation suppression, the community diversity is within the values for preserved semiarid (caatinga) vegetation. A long period of drought was the main disturbance factor affecting vegetation dynamics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8259764.v1
title: Defense responses of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) against brown spot as a result of possible elicitors application

description: ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of wheat plants to the application of possible elicitor compounds against Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogen. This response was measured through the quantification of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde and flavonoids, evaluation of the severity of brown spot disease and productivity in wheat, greenhouse and field crops. The treatments consisted of suspensions of endophytic fungi Aspergillus japonicus and Trichoderma tomentosum, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl and fungicide. In the field trials, in 2015 and 2016, the development of the disease was lower and productivity was higher in all treatments, with emphasis on the fungicide. However, endophytic fungi suspensions demonstrated potential as growth promoters, disease severity reducers and protective antioxidant response activators, as they promoted significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and flavonoid enzymes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14269654
title: Effect of Grazing on the Plant Community of a Southern Brazilian Swamp

description: ABSTRACT Swamps have high biological diversity and are the largest producers of biomass. However, such ecosystems are threatened by human activities. This study analyzes the plant community structure of two swamp sites, with and without grazing. A total of 200 sample units with 0.25 m2 were distributed every 13 m to determine diversity, the Importance Value Index (IVI), and coverage. Fifty species and 18 families were recorded. Luziola peruviana Juss. ex. JF Gmel had the highest IVI, accounting for 62.57% of the relative coverage in cattle-influenced sites. In the portions without cattle, Commelina diffusa Burm.f. had the highest IVI (24.33). The Shannon and Pielou indexes were 2.18 nats.ind.–1 and 0.56, respectively, decreasing to 1.62 nats.ind.–1 and 0.47 in grazing sites. There was less richness in the cattle grazing area, with a single species accounting for a high percentage of coverage, indicating the possible role of grazing on the plant community structure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14270055.v1
title: Shading And Slow Release Fertilizer Effects On The Growth Characteristics Of Assai Seedlings (Euterpe oleracea)

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of assai seedlings (Euterpe oleraceae) in response to shading and slow release fertilizer. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Acre in a randomized block design using a 4 × 5 factorial scheme with three replicates and 10 plants per plot. The treatments consisted of four shade environments (20%, 30%, 50% and 75%) and five levels of slow release fertilizer (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg m–3). The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and seedlings quality index. The growth of assai seedlings was influenced by shade environment conditions and slow release fertilizer. Shade environment with 30% or 50% and a dose of 8 kg m–3 resulted in better quality seedlings.