cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281551
title: WHAT’S NEW IN INFECTION ON SURGICAL SITE AND ANTIBIOTICOPROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY?

description: ABSTRACT Introduction: Infection of the surgical site is the common complication, with significant rates of morbidity and mortality, representing a considerable economic problem for the health system. Objective: To carry out a narrative review of the literature on surgical site infection and the principles of antibiotic prophylaxis to update the knowledge of its use in surgery. Method: Medline, Ovid, Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cochrane and SciELO were used for the research. The keywords used were “anti-bacterial agents”; “antibioticoprophylaxis” AND “surgical wound infection”. The inclusion criteria were articles of recent publication, with full texts available and performed in humans. Result: A total of 29 articles were evaluated and selected according to the eligibility criteria. Conclusion: Infection of the surgical site is the most common postoperative complication. The key point of its prevention is the combination of several interventions that aim to reduce risk factors, such as: compliance with the new guidelines of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; the principles of the use of prophylactic antibiotics; factors and risk index of the surgical site; administration time; duration and dosage of antibiotics. These data are available in this article.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281553.v1
title: EXTERNAL PRINGLE MANEUVER IN LAPAROSCOPIC LIVER RESECTION: A SAFE, CHEAP AND REPRODUCIBLE WAY TO PERFORM IT

description: ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic liver resection is performed worldwide. Hemorrhage is a major complication and bleeding control during hepatotomy is an important concern. Pringle maneuver remains the standard inflow occlusion technique. Aim: Describe an extracorporeal, efficient, fast, cheap and reproducible way to execute the Pringle maneuver in laparoscopic surgery, using a chest tube. Methods: From January 2014 to March 2020, our team performed 398 hepatectomies, 63 by laparoscopy. We systematically encircle the hepatoduodenal ligament and prepare a tourniquet to perform Pringle maneuver. In laparoscopy, we use a 24 Fr chest tube, which is inserted in the abdominal cavity through a small incision. We thread the cotton tape through the tube, pulling it out through the external end, outside the abdomen. To perform the tourniquet, we just need to push the tube as we hold the tape, clamping both with one forceps. Results: The 24 Fr chest tube is firm and works perfectly to occlude blood inflow as the cotton band is tightened. It has an internal diameter of 5,5 mm, sufficient for a laparoscopic grasper pass through it to catch the cotton band, and an external diameter of 8 mm, which allows to be inserted in the abdomen through a tiny incision. The cost of this tube and the cotton band is less than US$ 1. No complications related to the method were identified in our patients. Conclusions: The extracorporeal Pringle maneuver presented here is a safe, cheap and reproducible method, that can be used for bleeding control in laparoscopic liver surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268443.v1
title: BYPASS VS. SLEEVE AND ITS EFFECTS IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: WHAT IS THE BEST TECHNIQUE?

description: ABSTRACT Background: Strongly associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It presents as simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and its complications. Among the therapeutic alternatives is bariatric surgery. Aim: To compare the effect of the two most frequent bariatric procedures (sleeve and bypass) on liver disease regarding to epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: The results of intraoperative and 12 months after surgery liver biopsies were used. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was used to assess and compare the stages of liver disease. Results: Sixteen (66.7%) patients underwent Bypass procedure and eight (33.3%) Sleeve. It was observed that the variation in the NAFLD activity score was significantly greater in the Bypass group than in Sleeve (p=0.028) and there was a trend regarding the variation in fibrosis (p=0.054). Conclusion: Both surgical techniques were effective in improving the hepatic histology of most operated patients. When comparing sleeve and bypass groups, bypass showed better results, according to the NAS score.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268469
title: HARTMANN PROCEDURE OR RESECTION WITH PRIMARY ANASTOMOSIS FOR TREATMENT OF PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS? SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

description: ABSTRACT Background: The Hartmann procedure remains the treatment of choice for most surgeons for the urgent surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis; however, it is associated with high rates of ostomy non-reversion and postoperative morbidity. Aim: To study the results after the Hartmann vs. resection with primary anastomosis, with or without ileostomy, for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis (Hinchey grade III or IV), and to compare the advantages between the two forms of treatment. Method: Systematic search in the literature of observational and randomized articles comparing resection with primary anastomosis vs. Hartmann’s procedure in the emergency treatment of perforated diverticulitis. Analyze as primary outcomes the mortality after the emergency operation and the general morbidity after it. As secondary outcomes, severe morbidity after emergency surgery, rates of non-reversion of the ostomy, general and severe morbidity after reversion. Results: There were no significant differences between surgical procedures for mortality, general morbidity and severe morbidity. However, the differences were statistically significant, favoring primary anastomosis in comparison with the Hartmann procedure in the outcome rates of stoma non-reversion, general morbidity and severe morbidity after reversion. Conclusion: Primary anastomosis is a good alternative to the Hartmann procedure, with no increase in mortality and morbidity, and with better results in the operation for intestinal transit reconstruction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281553
title: EXTERNAL PRINGLE MANEUVER IN LAPAROSCOPIC LIVER RESECTION: A SAFE, CHEAP AND REPRODUCIBLE WAY TO PERFORM IT

description: ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic liver resection is performed worldwide. Hemorrhage is a major complication and bleeding control during hepatotomy is an important concern. Pringle maneuver remains the standard inflow occlusion technique. Aim: Describe an extracorporeal, efficient, fast, cheap and reproducible way to execute the Pringle maneuver in laparoscopic surgery, using a chest tube. Methods: From January 2014 to March 2020, our team performed 398 hepatectomies, 63 by laparoscopy. We systematically encircle the hepatoduodenal ligament and prepare a tourniquet to perform Pringle maneuver. In laparoscopy, we use a 24 Fr chest tube, which is inserted in the abdominal cavity through a small incision. We thread the cotton tape through the tube, pulling it out through the external end, outside the abdomen. To perform the tourniquet, we just need to push the tube as we hold the tape, clamping both with one forceps. Results: The 24 Fr chest tube is firm and works perfectly to occlude blood inflow as the cotton band is tightened. It has an internal diameter of 5,5 mm, sufficient for a laparoscopic grasper pass through it to catch the cotton band, and an external diameter of 8 mm, which allows to be inserted in the abdomen through a tiny incision. The cost of this tube and the cotton band is less than US$ 1. No complications related to the method were identified in our patients. Conclusions: The extracorporeal Pringle maneuver presented here is a safe, cheap and reproducible method, that can be used for bleeding control in laparoscopic liver surgery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268469.v1
title: HARTMANN PROCEDURE OR RESECTION WITH PRIMARY ANASTOMOSIS FOR TREATMENT OF PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS? SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

description: ABSTRACT Background: The Hartmann procedure remains the treatment of choice for most surgeons for the urgent surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis; however, it is associated with high rates of ostomy non-reversion and postoperative morbidity. Aim: To study the results after the Hartmann vs. resection with primary anastomosis, with or without ileostomy, for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis (Hinchey grade III or IV), and to compare the advantages between the two forms of treatment. Method: Systematic search in the literature of observational and randomized articles comparing resection with primary anastomosis vs. Hartmann’s procedure in the emergency treatment of perforated diverticulitis. Analyze as primary outcomes the mortality after the emergency operation and the general morbidity after it. As secondary outcomes, severe morbidity after emergency surgery, rates of non-reversion of the ostomy, general and severe morbidity after reversion. Results: There were no significant differences between surgical procedures for mortality, general morbidity and severe morbidity. However, the differences were statistically significant, favoring primary anastomosis in comparison with the Hartmann procedure in the outcome rates of stoma non-reversion, general morbidity and severe morbidity after reversion. Conclusion: Primary anastomosis is a good alternative to the Hartmann procedure, with no increase in mortality and morbidity, and with better results in the operation for intestinal transit reconstruction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281554
title: IS THE REGULATION OF PROSTITUTION A DEMAND FOR JUSTICE?

description: This paper deals with the demand for the regulation of prostitution, trying to understand how it goes beyond the legal and institutional dimensions of obtaining rights and introduces a discussion about justice. The study focused on ten Brazilian associations of prostitutes and was produced in two stages: a) analysis of the posts in social networks and websites of the associations about their claims; b) production of semi-structured interviews. By the end, we can notice three fundamental pillars to formulate a notion of justice that includes the sex workers: a) parity of participation in social and political interactions, allied to the possibility of obtaining political representation; b) revision of unjust patterns of recognition, enabling the achievement of social esteem and the development of self-realization and self-esteem of prostitutes; c) modification of the frameworks of recognition, responsible for increasing the precariousness of prostitution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281554.v1
title: IS THE REGULATION OF PROSTITUTION A DEMAND FOR JUSTICE?

description: This paper deals with the demand for the regulation of prostitution, trying to understand how it goes beyond the legal and institutional dimensions of obtaining rights and introduces a discussion about justice. The study focused on ten Brazilian associations of prostitutes and was produced in two stages: a) analysis of the posts in social networks and websites of the associations about their claims; b) production of semi-structured interviews. By the end, we can notice three fundamental pillars to formulate a notion of justice that includes the sex workers: a) parity of participation in social and political interactions, allied to the possibility of obtaining political representation; b) revision of unjust patterns of recognition, enabling the achievement of social esteem and the development of self-realization and self-esteem of prostitutes; c) modification of the frameworks of recognition, responsible for increasing the precariousness of prostitution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281557
title: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NEW LAPAROSCOPIC ENDOTRAINER FOR NEONATAL SURGERY AND REDUCED SPACES

description: ABSTRACT Background: Pediatric procedures have the difficulty of being performed in reduced spaces. Training in reduced spaces has proven to be different in complexity compared to adult laparoscopic endotrainers. Aim: To develop and validate a new neonatal/reduced-space endotrainer. Methods: The simulator was tested and assessed by users with different skill levels and experience in laparoscopic pediatric surgery through an 8-item questionnaire. Construct validity was determined by evaluating the performance of each subject on nine exercises. Results: A 10.5 x 10 x 18 cm acrylic simulator was created, with an internal working surface of 9 x 9 cm. An HD camera was incorporated, with a 0-180° range of movement. All exercises of a Basic Laparoscopic Training Program were adapted on a scale of 1:0.5 to fit in. From 49 participants, 42 (85.71%) answered the survey; 80.5% considered that the simulator reproduces similar conditions to procedures performed in children under one year of age; 61.1% thought that the simulator represents a difficulty identical to procedures performed in newborns; 73.7% considered that the neonatal simulator is more complicated than the adult simulator. Experts showed significantly better performance in all proposed exercises. Conclusion: The simulator has a high-quality image and design that allows training with basic tasks. The endotrainer permitted to discriminate between these different skill levels and was well evaluated by users with diverse surgical experience.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281557.v1
title: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NEW LAPAROSCOPIC ENDOTRAINER FOR NEONATAL SURGERY AND REDUCED SPACES

description: ABSTRACT Background: Pediatric procedures have the difficulty of being performed in reduced spaces. Training in reduced spaces has proven to be different in complexity compared to adult laparoscopic endotrainers. Aim: To develop and validate a new neonatal/reduced-space endotrainer. Methods: The simulator was tested and assessed by users with different skill levels and experience in laparoscopic pediatric surgery through an 8-item questionnaire. Construct validity was determined by evaluating the performance of each subject on nine exercises. Results: A 10.5 x 10 x 18 cm acrylic simulator was created, with an internal working surface of 9 x 9 cm. An HD camera was incorporated, with a 0-180° range of movement. All exercises of a Basic Laparoscopic Training Program were adapted on a scale of 1:0.5 to fit in. From 49 participants, 42 (85.71%) answered the survey; 80.5% considered that the simulator reproduces similar conditions to procedures performed in children under one year of age; 61.1% thought that the simulator represents a difficulty identical to procedures performed in newborns; 73.7% considered that the neonatal simulator is more complicated than the adult simulator. Experts showed significantly better performance in all proposed exercises. Conclusion: The simulator has a high-quality image and design that allows training with basic tasks. The endotrainer permitted to discriminate between these different skill levels and was well evaluated by users with diverse surgical experience.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281559
title: HOW IS THE AMAZON GOVERNED? NETWORKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN PROTECTED AREAS

description: Many actors and local interests embedded in networks characterize environmental conservation policies in the Brazilian Amazon. This paper assumes that these networks both influence, and are influenced by (i) power relation dynamics; (ii) the position of the actors in the network; (iii) density of the network; (iv) diversity; and (v) types of interaction. These components help to assess collaboration and/or conflict resolution mechanisms in the governance process. This study conducted fieldwork in the Jaú National Park, in the Rio Unini Extractive Reserve, and in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve in order to understand the policy process and environmental governance in protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Results show that the Federal Government, NGOs, and local inhabitants are embedded in a heterogeneous network which is closed up to a moderate level or even up to a high one, revealing either a concentration of power with hierarchical cooperation or fragmented power relations with horizontal cooperation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281559.v1
title: HOW IS THE AMAZON GOVERNED? NETWORKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN PROTECTED AREAS

description: Many actors and local interests embedded in networks characterize environmental conservation policies in the Brazilian Amazon. This paper assumes that these networks both influence, and are influenced by (i) power relation dynamics; (ii) the position of the actors in the network; (iii) density of the network; (iv) diversity; and (v) types of interaction. These components help to assess collaboration and/or conflict resolution mechanisms in the governance process. This study conducted fieldwork in the Jaú National Park, in the Rio Unini Extractive Reserve, and in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve in order to understand the policy process and environmental governance in protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Results show that the Federal Government, NGOs, and local inhabitants are embedded in a heterogeneous network which is closed up to a moderate level or even up to a high one, revealing either a concentration of power with hierarchical cooperation or fragmented power relations with horizontal cooperation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281562
title: GASTO PÚBLICO E DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL O orçamento do governo federal brasileiro entre 1995 e 2016

description: This paper aims to show that over the last decades, the Brazilian federal government's budget policy has allowed both the expansion of social spending and the reduction of inequality, as well as the concentration of income in Brazil. The article analyzes the budget expenditures arguing that the trajectory of the Brazilian public budget in the contemporary democratic regime was affected by four different dimensions that operated contradictorily. The first of these dimensions concerns the centralization versus decentralization of public resources. The second dimension is the permanent dispute over the public fund versus the constitutional earmarking. Actions of greater transparency and accountability on budgets have operated in contradiction with the growing complexity of public accounts. Finally, the expansion of social spending – which produced a reduction of social inequalities – grew in tandem with the regressivity of the tax collection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281566
title: PARA ALÉM DE PUTNAM Cultura, capital social e liberdades, no sul do Brasil*

description: In the debates on territorial development, the culturalist version of Social Capital (Robert Putnam) and the Capability Approach (Amartya Sen) reached prominence in the 90s. Based on the notion of development elaborated by Sen, the article scrutinizes the pertinence of Putnam's thesis in order to verify how much the social capital is able to expand capabilities, thus shifting the focus from growth to well-being. The empirical basis are the 496 municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which is rich and diverse in ethnic and cultural terms. Contrary to the core of Putnam's argument, the results show that social capital is not relevant to explain the reality of municipalities in terms of Employment and Income. However, it is, nevertheless, important to explain health and education performance. These results relativize and complexify the culturalist hypothesis, as well as highlight other elements and mechanisms underlying territorial disparities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281562.v1
title: GASTO PÚBLICO E DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL O orçamento do governo federal brasileiro entre 1995 e 2016

description: This paper aims to show that over the last decades, the Brazilian federal government's budget policy has allowed both the expansion of social spending and the reduction of inequality, as well as the concentration of income in Brazil. The article analyzes the budget expenditures arguing that the trajectory of the Brazilian public budget in the contemporary democratic regime was affected by four different dimensions that operated contradictorily. The first of these dimensions concerns the centralization versus decentralization of public resources. The second dimension is the permanent dispute over the public fund versus the constitutional earmarking. Actions of greater transparency and accountability on budgets have operated in contradiction with the growing complexity of public accounts. Finally, the expansion of social spending – which produced a reduction of social inequalities – grew in tandem with the regressivity of the tax collection.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14281565
title: WHICH POLICIES MATTER? USING EMPHASES IN THE LEGISLATIVE AGENDA TO MEASURE SALIENCE

description: What are the most emphasized themes in the Brazilian legislative agenda? This article explores the thematic emphases based on the classification of legislative proposals in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies between 1995 and 2014. The aim is to present a specific and comprehensive classification to identify emphases differences and describe which are the most prioritized themes, by whom and how they vary over time. I present a classification on legislative agenda topics carried out using unsupervised machine learning. The salience measure is constructed based on the number of initiatives proposed by each actor on a given theme over time. The research contributes to the debate by offering a measure of salience for the main political actors over time, which can be applied in a range of assessments, from the Executive-Legislative relationship to National Congress clashes of interests.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12171513
title: THE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE ON THE NATIONAL TRUTH COMMISSION IN THE BRAZILIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

description: This article analyzes the parliamentary debate held at the Brazilian National Congress on the National Commission of Truth (CNV), from the presentation of the project of its creation, in 2011, until the conclusion of its activities, in 2014. The corpus consists of 512 pronouncements, of which 416 were presented by deputies and 96 by senators. The theoretical framework focuses on studies of memory policies and transitional justice. In the debate, the voice of the left parties, favorable to the CNV, prevailed, while the right parties used the silence strategy. Only two army-related lawmakers were against the CNV. While recognizing the importance of the committee’s final report, most (left-wing) parliamentarians considered the work insufficient because the commission was based on the search for truth and memory, but avoided doing justice by punishing the torturers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12171513.v1
title: THE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE ON THE NATIONAL TRUTH COMMISSION IN THE BRAZILIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

description: This article analyzes the parliamentary debate held at the Brazilian National Congress on the National Commission of Truth (CNV), from the presentation of the project of its creation, in 2011, until the conclusion of its activities, in 2014. The corpus consists of 512 pronouncements, of which 416 were presented by deputies and 96 by senators. The theoretical framework focuses on studies of memory policies and transitional justice. In the debate, the voice of the left parties, favorable to the CNV, prevailed, while the right parties used the silence strategy. Only two army-related lawmakers were against the CNV. While recognizing the importance of the committee’s final report, most (left-wing) parliamentarians considered the work insufficient because the commission was based on the search for truth and memory, but avoided doing justice by punishing the torturers.