cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862267
title: Prebiotic effects of inulin extracted from burdock (Arctium lappa) in broilers

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effect of burdock (Arctium lappa) in commercial poultry. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance parameters and the protection after challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kedougou, with and without Bifidobacterium probiotic. In two trials, the chickens were fed with flour burdock 1% during 42 days. In the other two, the chickens were fed with fructan extracted from burdock (inulin), by gavage, at a concentration of 100 mg/bird, during the first three days of life. The results showed that the broilers treated with burdock flour showed underperformed, with less weight gain from the second week, and the worst results in the fattening stage. The treated birds had diarrhea and impaired intestinal integrity. However, the groups treated with the flour had a lower rate of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Kedougou, after challenge. No statistically significant differences were detected in the performance parameters of broilers receiving the inulin, and the morphometric analysis showed no lesions in the intestinal villi. However, there was no protection in the challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis, regardless of association with probiotic. These results demonstrated that the manner of administration has influence on the prebiotic effect of burdock. The burdock flour was administered for 42 days, which may have influenced intestinal mucosal injury. Instead, the inulin was given only in the first three days, which may have been insufficient for protection against Salmonella. New experiments are needed to determine an able formulation for a protective effect, without negative impact on growth, weight gain and feed conversion of the supplemented animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862267.v1
title: Prebiotic effects of inulin extracted from burdock (Arctium lappa) in broilers

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effect of burdock (Arctium lappa) in commercial poultry. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance parameters and the protection after challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kedougou, with and without Bifidobacterium probiotic. In two trials, the chickens were fed with flour burdock 1% during 42 days. In the other two, the chickens were fed with fructan extracted from burdock (inulin), by gavage, at a concentration of 100 mg/bird, during the first three days of life. The results showed that the broilers treated with burdock flour showed underperformed, with less weight gain from the second week, and the worst results in the fattening stage. The treated birds had diarrhea and impaired intestinal integrity. However, the groups treated with the flour had a lower rate of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Kedougou, after challenge. No statistically significant differences were detected in the performance parameters of broilers receiving the inulin, and the morphometric analysis showed no lesions in the intestinal villi. However, there was no protection in the challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis, regardless of association with probiotic. These results demonstrated that the manner of administration has influence on the prebiotic effect of burdock. The burdock flour was administered for 42 days, which may have influenced intestinal mucosal injury. Instead, the inulin was given only in the first three days, which may have been insufficient for protection against Salmonella. New experiments are needed to determine an able formulation for a protective effect, without negative impact on growth, weight gain and feed conversion of the supplemented animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861322
title: Antimicrobial activity against Macrophomina phaseolina and the control of charcoal rot in soybeans using the homoeopathic drugs Sepia and Arsenicum album

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the control of charcoal rot in soybeans using Sepia and Arsenicum album homeopathic solutions in dynamizations of 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48CH (hahnemanian centesimal scale), in addition to verify the antimicrobial activity of these treatments against Macrophomina phaseolina. Additional treatments were also used, including distilled water and a hydroalcoholic solution of 30% ethanol. In vitro tests were performed to analyze the number of micro-sclerotia and the mycelial growth of the fungus. In vivo assays were used to evaluate the progress of the disease and the size of the lesions. For the area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC), A. album had no effect, however, Sepia reduced up to 32% of the fungal growth. For micro-sclerotia there was no statistical difference. For the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), both Sepia and A. album in 24CH dynamization reduced fungal growth up to 50% and 70% in the first and second assays, respectively, compared to control treatments. These results indicate the potential of these homeopathic drugs for controlling soybean charcoal rot.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861322.v1
title: Antimicrobial activity against Macrophomina phaseolina and the control of charcoal rot in soybeans using the homoeopathic drugs Sepia and Arsenicum album

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the control of charcoal rot in soybeans using Sepia and Arsenicum album homeopathic solutions in dynamizations of 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48CH (hahnemanian centesimal scale), in addition to verify the antimicrobial activity of these treatments against Macrophomina phaseolina. Additional treatments were also used, including distilled water and a hydroalcoholic solution of 30% ethanol. In vitro tests were performed to analyze the number of micro-sclerotia and the mycelial growth of the fungus. In vivo assays were used to evaluate the progress of the disease and the size of the lesions. For the area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC), A. album had no effect, however, Sepia reduced up to 32% of the fungal growth. For micro-sclerotia there was no statistical difference. For the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), both Sepia and A. album in 24CH dynamization reduced fungal growth up to 50% and 70% in the first and second assays, respectively, compared to control treatments. These results indicate the potential of these homeopathic drugs for controlling soybean charcoal rot.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816577.v1
title: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mammals, birds and reptiles at the zoological-botanical park in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 51 wild animals at the Arruda Câmara Zoological-Botanical Park in João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Blood samples from different bird, mammal and reptile species were analyzed using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) with a cut-off point of 1:25. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 62.4% of the 51 tested animals. The following frequencies were found: 68.9% (20/29) in mammals, 80% (8/10) in birds, and 33.3% (4/12) in reptiles. This paper reports for the first time the occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in birds of the species Pionites leucogaster (caíque), Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (hyacinth macaw), Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), Urubitinga urubitinga (Brazilian eagle), and Buteo melanoleucus (black-and-white hawk-eagle). Reptiles of the species Caiman crocodilus (spectacled caiman), Chelonoidis carbonaria (red-footed tortoise) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier’s dwarf caiman) were seropositive for T. gondii, although the significance of the presence of these anti-T. gondii antibodies in this group of animals requires a more in-depth study. We conclude that the frequency of antibodies found in the animals of this zoo is high and that the prophylactic measures that aim to diminish the environmental contamination by oocysts are necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816577
title: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mammals, birds and reptiles at the zoological-botanical park in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 51 wild animals at the Arruda Câmara Zoological-Botanical Park in João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Blood samples from different bird, mammal and reptile species were analyzed using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) with a cut-off point of 1:25. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 62.4% of the 51 tested animals. The following frequencies were found: 68.9% (20/29) in mammals, 80% (8/10) in birds, and 33.3% (4/12) in reptiles. This paper reports for the first time the occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in birds of the species Pionites leucogaster (caíque), Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (hyacinth macaw), Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), Urubitinga urubitinga (Brazilian eagle), and Buteo melanoleucus (black-and-white hawk-eagle). Reptiles of the species Caiman crocodilus (spectacled caiman), Chelonoidis carbonaria (red-footed tortoise) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier’s dwarf caiman) were seropositive for T. gondii, although the significance of the presence of these anti-T. gondii antibodies in this group of animals requires a more in-depth study. We conclude that the frequency of antibodies found in the animals of this zoo is high and that the prophylactic measures that aim to diminish the environmental contamination by oocysts are necessary.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816568
title: Occurrence of acid erosion of the teeth, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in flock of sheep fed wet low pectin citrus pulp

description: ABSTRACT: The citrus pulp can be used as a substitute in ruminant feed reducing costs and maintaining the nutritional quality of food. However, this compound should be used carefully so as not to cause harm to the animals. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of dental erosion, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in sheep raised and kept with a wet low pectin citrus pulp based diet, composing 50% of roughage. Actinomycosis was diagnosed in five animals through clinical and radiographic examinations and microbiological culture, and, after treatment, three animals were cured. Polioencephalomalacia was confirmed in ten animals by clinical diagnostics, in nine out of ten animals by therapeutic diagnosis, and in one animal by post-mortem anatomopathological examination. According to the observed, we recommend caution when large amounts of citrus pulp are used as bulky food.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5816568.v1
title: Occurrence of acid erosion of the teeth, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in flock of sheep fed wet low pectin citrus pulp

description: ABSTRACT: The citrus pulp can be used as a substitute in ruminant feed reducing costs and maintaining the nutritional quality of food. However, this compound should be used carefully so as not to cause harm to the animals. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of dental erosion, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in sheep raised and kept with a wet low pectin citrus pulp based diet, composing 50% of roughage. Actinomycosis was diagnosed in five animals through clinical and radiographic examinations and microbiological culture, and, after treatment, three animals were cured. Polioencephalomalacia was confirmed in ten animals by clinical diagnostics, in nine out of ten animals by therapeutic diagnosis, and in one animal by post-mortem anatomopathological examination. According to the observed, we recommend caution when large amounts of citrus pulp are used as bulky food.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862378
title: Hygienic-sanitary quality of Minas fresh cheese sold in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo

description: ABSTRACT: The Minas fresh cheese is a fresh and moist cheese and, therefore, has a short shelf-life. The use of raw milk as the main feedstock, the absence of ripening and the facility of contamination are factors that can compromise the product’s microbiological quality. The aim of this study was to describe the hygienic-sanitary quality of 50 Minas fresh cheeses marketed in Botucatu city, São Paulo, Brazil, close to their production date, and another 50 units from the same lot exactly on the expiration date, according to the Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). We also searched for enterotoxins genes in Staphylococcus aureus and its in vitro expression. In 36% of the first analyzed samples, the count of coliforms at 45ºC was above the limit and, as for the second analysis, 44%. Regarding coagulase positive staphylococci, 10 (20%) samples showed concentration above the permitted by law next to the production date and 14% on the expiration date. Salmonella was only observed in one sample analyzed near the date of production, while L. monocytogenes only in one sample analyzed on the expiration day. We isolated three enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus that produced Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C (SEC) in vitro, highlighting the importance of proper storage of this product due to its potential to cause intoxication. Overall, the quality of Minas fresh cheese is still unsatisfactory, leading to risks to consumers’ health.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862387
title: Web blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris): a new disease on leaves of okra plants

description: ABSTRACT: In an experiment on organic production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) that was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014, in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, we observed large chlorotic, necrotic, helical, discontinuous, dark or light-brown lesions with partial detachment of the injured area on the adaxial surface of leaves located in the median and basal portions of the plants. A whitish mycelium mantle covers the lesions on the leaves at the abaxial surface at high moisture conditions. Using morphological characteristics, Koch’s postulates, and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region, we identified that the fungus causing the lesions on the okra leaves was Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (asexual stage of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of the anastomosis group AG-1 ID). This is the first report of T. cucumeris causing web blight on okra in Brazil, and probably in the world. So far, T. cucumeris was described on okra only on post-harvest pods rotting and seedlings’ damping off.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5862387.v1
title: Web blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris): a new disease on leaves of okra plants

description: ABSTRACT: In an experiment on organic production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) that was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014, in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, we observed large chlorotic, necrotic, helical, discontinuous, dark or light-brown lesions with partial detachment of the injured area on the adaxial surface of leaves located in the median and basal portions of the plants. A whitish mycelium mantle covers the lesions on the leaves at the abaxial surface at high moisture conditions. Using morphological characteristics, Koch’s postulates, and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region, we identified that the fungus causing the lesions on the okra leaves was Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (asexual stage of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of the anastomosis group AG-1 ID). This is the first report of T. cucumeris causing web blight on okra in Brazil, and probably in the world. So far, T. cucumeris was described on okra only on post-harvest pods rotting and seedlings’ damping off.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861532
title: Occurrence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis and risk perception in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of these study was to determine the occurrences of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, and the perception of dairy farmers on the risk of these diseases in dairy cattle herds in the municipality of Paranaíba, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The total of 42 properties were visited for the application of a questionnaire to dairy farmers, and blood sample collection for serological and tuberculin test, from November 2012 to March 2013. The occurrence of outbreaks, both of brucellosis and tuberculosis, in the properties was 2.38% (1/42). The data showed deficiency in risk perception of these diseases on the part of the farmers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861532.v1
title: Occurrence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis and risk perception in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT: The aim of these study was to determine the occurrences of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, and the perception of dairy farmers on the risk of these diseases in dairy cattle herds in the municipality of Paranaíba, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The total of 42 properties were visited for the application of a questionnaire to dairy farmers, and blood sample collection for serological and tuberculin test, from November 2012 to March 2013. The occurrence of outbreaks, both of brucellosis and tuberculosis, in the properties was 2.38% (1/42). The data showed deficiency in risk perception of these diseases on the part of the farmers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861493
title: Successful therapy in unusual generalized Dermatophilus congolensis infection in a calf based on modified in vitro disk diffusion test

description: ABSTRACT: Bovine dermatophilosis is a dermatitis characterized by typical focal or localized lesions with “paintbrush” aspect and occasionally as disseminated cutaneous disease. We report the case of a one-year-old Nelore female with history of chronic cutaneous disseminated lesions that appeared immediately after a rainfall period. Serous to purulent exudates, hair with tufted appearance, hyperkeratotic, non-pruritic, hardened, yellowish to brown, and coalescent crusty lesions were observed distributed all over its body. Removal of the crusts revealed ulcerated or hemorrhagic areas, with irregular elevated crusts like “paintbrush”. Microbiological diagnosis enabled the identification of a microorganism, the Dermatophilus congolensis. Despite disseminated and chronic lesions, we obtained a successful therapy with parenteral therapy using long-acting tetracycline based on modified in vitro disk diffusion test. The present report highlights success therapy in uncommon generalized bovine dermatophilosis with selection of first-choice drugs based on modified in vitro susceptibility test, and need of responsible use of antimicrobials in livestock.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861493.v1
title: Successful therapy in unusual generalized Dermatophilus congolensis infection in a calf based on modified in vitro disk diffusion test

description: ABSTRACT: Bovine dermatophilosis is a dermatitis characterized by typical focal or localized lesions with “paintbrush” aspect and occasionally as disseminated cutaneous disease. We report the case of a one-year-old Nelore female with history of chronic cutaneous disseminated lesions that appeared immediately after a rainfall period. Serous to purulent exudates, hair with tufted appearance, hyperkeratotic, non-pruritic, hardened, yellowish to brown, and coalescent crusty lesions were observed distributed all over its body. Removal of the crusts revealed ulcerated or hemorrhagic areas, with irregular elevated crusts like “paintbrush”. Microbiological diagnosis enabled the identification of a microorganism, the Dermatophilus congolensis. Despite disseminated and chronic lesions, we obtained a successful therapy with parenteral therapy using long-acting tetracycline based on modified in vitro disk diffusion test. The present report highlights success therapy in uncommon generalized bovine dermatophilosis with selection of first-choice drugs based on modified in vitro susceptibility test, and need of responsible use of antimicrobials in livestock.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861463.v1
title: Efficacy of parasitological diagnosis methods in wild animals kept in captivity

description: ABSTRACT: Parasitic diseases are common in wild animals kept in captivity, and the research of these parasites is a tool used in wildlife management actions. Once the method most used in the practice of veterinary laboratories is the direct examination, it was considered appropriate to report the parasitism in captivity wildlife comparing this technique with modified methods of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) and Willis. Fresh feces were surveyed in eleven precincts with specimens of the class Reptilia, Birds and Mammalia. A positive result for the presence of parasites was observed in 81.8% of them, of which 18.2% were, 9.1% helminths and 54.6% protozoa and helminths simultaneously. The direct and HPJ methods were more specific for the identification of parasites, 72.7 and 63.6%, respectively, while the method of Willis showed less positive results (36.4%). It is concluded that the ideal routine in veterinary laboratory fecal examinations of wild animals is to use the HPJ method associated with the direct method for the detection of protozoa and/or helminths, in order to obtain more accurate results.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861466
title: Interception of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in Brazil in apple tree propagative material imported from France

description: ABSTRACT: Apple plants from France introduced in Brazil for research purposes were subjected to a phytosanitary analysis at the Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (Cenargen). After grafting onto healthy apple rootstock, some plants showed phytoplasma-infection symptoms. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests yielded DNA fragments of the expected size for phytoplasmas. DNA sequencing revealed an identity of the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of 98-99% with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. This phytoplasma species is responsible for losses in European apple orchards and has not been reported in Brazil. According to the Federal Legislation on Plant Protection, the plants were incinerated to avoid the introduction of this exotic pest in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5861466.v1
title: Interception of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in Brazil in apple tree propagative material imported from France

description: ABSTRACT: Apple plants from France introduced in Brazil for research purposes were subjected to a phytosanitary analysis at the Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (Cenargen). After grafting onto healthy apple rootstock, some plants showed phytoplasma-infection symptoms. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests yielded DNA fragments of the expected size for phytoplasmas. DNA sequencing revealed an identity of the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of 98-99% with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. This phytoplasma species is responsible for losses in European apple orchards and has not been reported in Brazil. According to the Federal Legislation on Plant Protection, the plants were incinerated to avoid the introduction of this exotic pest in Brazil.