DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tht76hf7z
title: Prevalence of culicine salivary antibodies in non-human primates living in national parks in Thailand

description: Macaques are widely distributed in Thailand with remarkable adaptation to
 living close to humans in residential, religious sites, markets, and
 tourist areas. They play an essential role in the persistence of pathogens
 in the environment. As reservoir hosts, they are exposed to hematophagous
 vectors that secrete saliva, a cocktail of bioactive molecules including
 antigenic components stimulating host antibody production. Subsequent to
 the detection of mosquito-borne pathogens in macaques living in national
 parks, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to crude
 salivary gland extracts (SGE) from culicine mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti
 [Linnaeus, 1762], Ae. albopictus [Skuse, 1895], and Culex quinquefasciatus
 [Say, 1823]) and compare individual titers between macaque
 species/national parks (33, Macaca arctoides [I.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,
 1831] [Primates: Cercopithecidae] from Kaeng Krachan, 23 M. leonina
 leonina [Blyth, 1863] [Primates: Cercopithecidae] from Khao Yai, and 4 M.
 fascicularis [Raffles, 1821] [Primates: Cercopithecidae] from Mu Ko
 Ranong). The anti-mosquito SGE antibodies found in 60 macaques from three
 national parks indicate varying levels of host-vector exposure. Macaque
 antibody titers were high against culicine mosquitoes. However, the
 significant difference among national parks (or macaque species) was only
 observed against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Correlation analysis of titers
 between Aedes SGE and arboviruses revealed a significantly more intense
 immune response against Ae. albopictus in DENV3-positive M. arctoides.
 Current findings support the concept of salivary biomarkers using
 accessible SGE, available from mosquito colonies of interest. However, we
 observed cross-reactivity between Aedes species because of crude SGE
 containing species-shared proteins. Nevertheless, a potential risk of
 pathogen transmission is emphasized between national park visitors and
 macaques via mosquitoes as bridge vectors. This information contributes to
 preventive measures against mosquito bites, including those implemented in
 tourist areas.
description: All data sets of antibody titers of macaque bloods, mosquito
 salivary grand extraction protein profiles, and PRNT titers of virus
 detections were recored in Microsolf excel spreed sheet solfware,
 USA.
description: # Dataset-Med Vet Entomo
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tht76hf7z](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tht76hf7z) ## Description of the data and file structure Figure1 file: data set Map of serum samples collected from macaques in Thailand national parks from 2018 to 2019. Fig2 file: Immunoglobulin G SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody endpoint titers (log2) to three mosquito species: *Aedes aegypti*(circle), *Ae. albopictus*(square), and *Culex quinquefasciatus*(triangle) from national park-dwelling macaques determined by ELISA. Serum samples were collected from *M. leonina, M. arctoides,* and *M. fascicularis* from Khao Yai (KY) National Park in Nakhon Ratchasima, Kaeng Krachan (KK) National Park in Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Mu Ko Ranong (RN) National Park in Ranong, respectively. Fig3 file: Salivary gland extract antibody titers (log2) against *Aedes aegypti*(A) and *Ae. albopictus*(B) between dengue virus/DENV- (A) and Zika virus/ZIKV- (B) positive (+ve) and -negative (-ve) stump-tailed macaques (*Macaca arctoides*) from Kaeng Krachan National Park Fig4 file: IgG-SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody titers (log2) against mosquito species in national park-dwelling macaques in Thailand: (A) *Aedes aegypti* and *Ae. albopictus*, (B) *Ae. aegypti* *Culex quinquefasciatus*, and (C) *Ae. albopictus* and *Cx. quinquefasciatus*. ### Files and variables #### File: Figure1.csv **Description:** data set Map of serum samples collected from macaques in Thailand national parks from 2018 to 2019. ##### Variables * National Park: * Province: * Long: * Lat: #### File: Fig2-Antibody\_titer.xlsx **Description:** Immunoglobulin G SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody endpoint titers (log2) to three mosquito species: *Aedes aegypti*(circle), *Ae. albopictus*(square), and *Culex quinquefasciatus*(triangle) from national park-dwelling macaques determined by ELISA. Serum samples were collected from *M. leonina, M. arctoides,* and *M. fascicularis* from Khao Yai (KY) National Park in Nakhon Ratchasima, Kaeng Krachan (KK) National Park in Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Mu Ko Ranong (RN) National Park in Ranong, respectively. ##### Variables * Macaque species * National park * Optical density to mosquitoes * Antibody titer of mosquito species #### File: Fig3-KK\_antibody\_titer.xlsx **Description:** Salivary gland extract antibody titers (log2) against *Aedes aegypti* and *Ae. albopictus* between dengue virus/DENV- (A) and Zika virus/ZIKV- (B) positive (+ve) and -negative (-ve) stump-tailed macaques (*Macaca arctoides*) from Kaeng Krachan National Park ##### Variables * Macaque species * National park * Endpoint titer of mosquito species * PRNIT20 titer of DENV 1-4 and ZIKV #### File: Fig4-Antibody\_titer\_species\_correlation.xlsx **Description:** IgG-SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody titers (log2) against mosquito species in national park-dwelling macaques in Thailand: (A) *Aedes aegypti and* *Ae. albopictus*, (B) *Ae. aegypti* and *Culex quinquefasciatus*, and (C) *Ae. albopictus* and *Cx. quinquefasciatus.* ##### Variables * Macaque species * National park * Endpoint titer of mosquito species ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * none Data was derived from the following sources: * none