cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3qt5pf
title: Data from: Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves

description: 1. Top predators have cascading effects throughout the food web but their
 impacts on scavenger abundance are largely unknown. Gray wolves (Canis
 lupus) provide carrion to a suite of scavenger species, including the
 common raven (Corvus corax). Ravens are wide-ranging and intelligent
 omnivores that commonly take advantage of anthropogenic food resources. In
 areas where they overlap with wolves, however, ravens are numerous and
 ubiquitous scavengers of wolf-acquired carrion. 2. We aimed to determine
 whether subsidies provided through wolves are a limiting factor for raven
 populations in general and how the wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone
 National Park in 1995-1997 affected raven population abundance and
 distribution on the Yellowstone’s Northern Range specifically. 3. We
 counted ravens throughout Yellowstone’s Northern Range in March from 2009
 to 2017 in both human-use areas and wolf habitat. We then used statistics
 related to the local wolf population and the winter weather conditions to
 model raven abundance during our study period and predict raven abundance
 on the Northern Range both before and after the wolf reintroduction. 4. In
 relatively severe winters with greater snowpack, raven abundance increased
 in areas of human use and decreased in wolf habitat. When wolves were able
 to acquire more carrion, however, ravens increased in wolf habitat and
 decreased in areas with anthropogenic resources. Raven populations prior
 to the wolf reintroduction were likely more variable and heavily dependent
 on ungulate winter-kill and hunter-provided carcasses. 5. The wolf
 recovery in Yellowstone helped stabilize raven populations by providing a
 regular food supply, regardless of winter severity. This stabilization has
 important implications for effective land management as wolves recolonize
 the west and global climate patterns change.
description: Raven, wolf, and weather
 variables, YNP 2009-2017Raven and wolf count
 data for 2009 through 2017 were collected in the field. Biomass estimates
 were made from field observations. Weather variables were collected from
 the National Climatic Data Center.Dryad
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d1dp4
title: Data from: Using sounds for making decisions: greater tube-nosed bats prefer antagonistic calls over non-communicative sounds when feeding

description: Bats vocalize extensively within different social contexts. The type and
 extent of information conveyed via their vocalizations and their
 perceptual significance, however, remains controversial and difficult to
 assess. Greater tube-nosed bats, Murina leucogaster, emit calls consisting
 of long rectangular broadband noise burst (rBNBl) syllables during
 aggression between males. To experimentally test the behavioral impact of
 these sounds for feeding, we deployed an approach and place-preference
 paradigm. Two food trays were placed on opposite sides and within
 different acoustic microenvironments, created by sound playback, within a
 specially constructed tent. Specifically, we tested whether the presence
 of rBNBl sounds at a food source effectively deters the approach of male
 bats in comparison to echolocation sounds and white noise. In each case,
 contrary to our expectation, males preferred to feed at a location where
 rBNBl sounds were present. We propose that the species-specific rBNBl
 provides contextual information, not present within non-communicative
 sounds, to facilitate approach towards a food source.
description: data for two choice
 datarBNBl stands for long
 rectangular broadband noise burst.EC stands for echolocation calls. WN
 stands for white noise.Two choice
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m35b890
title: Data from: Nestling and adult sparrows respond differently to conspecific dialects

description: Understanding the causes and consequences of divergence in mate
 recognition traits has long been a fundamental question in evolutionary
 biology. In songbirds, songs are culturally transmitted, and cultural
 divergence can generate discrete geographic variation in song (i.e.,
 dialects). Understanding how responses to within- versus across-species
 variation in songs changes across life stages may shed light on the
 functional significance of population divergence in learned traits. Here,
 we use a novel combination of song playbacks to adult and nestling
 golden-crowned sparrows to compare responses to local conspecific, foreign
 conspecific and heterospecific songs prior to and after song learning. We
 found that nestlings respond equally little to both foreign conspecific
 and heterospecific songs. By contrast, the response of adult males to
 foreign conspecific songs was stronger than their response to
 heterospecific song, but weaker than their response to local conspecific
 song. Our study suggests that early local experience may interact with
 conspecific biases prior to song learning, in a way that has not been
 previously documented. Our results illustrate the importance of studying
 behavior at multiple life stages in order to better understand the effect
 of early experience on cultural and biological evolution.
description: Dialect response data
 (nestlings)Comma-separated file
 with all nestling data used for the analyses in Hudson et al (2018). File
 contains number of chirps given during the 2 minute playback period, as
 well as the 1 minute pre-playback period, nestling ID, exposed feather
 length, and sex.Dialect_response_nestlings.csvDialect Response Data (adults)Comma-separated file with all adult response data used for the analyses in Hudson et al (2018). File contains the main response variable (mean distance for each trial), as well other behavioral measures and trial order number.DialectResponses_adults.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.609hp
title: Data from: Stable isotope-based location in a shelf sea setting: accuracy and precision are comparable to light-based location methods

description: Retrospective determination of location for marine animals would
 facilitate investigations of migration, connectivity and food provenance.
 Predictable spatial variations in carbon and nitrogen isotopes in primary
 production across shelf seas provide a basis for stable isotope-based
 location. Here, we assess the accuracy and precision that can be obtained
 through dietary-isotope-based location methods. We build isoscapes from
 jellyfish tissues and use these to assign scallops of fixed and known
 individual location, and herring with well-understood population-level
 distributions in the North Sea. Accuracy and precision for retrospective
 isotope-based location in the North Sea were of a similar order to
 light-based location devices, with 75% of individual scallops assigned
 correctly to areas representing c. 30% of the North Sea, with a mean
 linear error on the order of 102 km. Applying assignment methods to an
 alternative migratory species (herring) resulted in ecologically realistic
 assignments consistent with fisheries survey data. Location methods based
 on dietary isotopes such as carbon and nitrogen recover the spatial origin
 of nutrients assimilated into tissues, and this may not correspond
 directly to the physical location if either the test animal or its prey is
 highly migratory. Stable isotope-based location can be applied to any
 marine-feeding organism or derived food product, but the ecological
 meaning of any assigned area will be more difficult to interpret for
 large, high trophic level, migratory animals with relatively slow isotopic
 assimilation rates.
description: TableS1 Stable isotope
 results C. capillataLatitude, Longitude,
 Weight, Bell diameter, stable isotope (d15N, d13C) and CN ratio for
 individual C. capillata sampled across the North Sea in Sept
 2015TableS1.txtTableS2 Stable isotope data from herring from the North SeaLocations of capture (lat, long) and stable isotope (d13C d15N) values for herring caught across the North Sea in Sept. 2011TableS2.txtJennings.2001Stable isotope data (lipid corrected d13C, d15N) from queen scallops published in Jennings & Warr 2003 and Barnes et al., 2009
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mc684kh
title: Data from: The effect of pollen limitation on the evolution of mating system and seed size in hermaphroditic plants

description: Pollen limitation, when inadequate pollen receipt results in a plant
 setting fewer seeds and fruits, can reduce plant reproductive success and
 promote the evolution of self-fertilization as a mechanism of reproductive
 assurance. However, the effect of pollen limitation on the joint evolution
 of mating system and seed size is not known. Using an evolutionarily
 stable strategy (ESS) resource allocation model, we show that where
 moderate pollen limitation and strong inbreeding depression select for
 complete outcrossing, pollen limitation should also increase the optimal
 seed size. In contrast, pollen limitation should not affect the optimal
 seed size under complete selfing, in which case ovule fertilization is
 certain. Under intermediate conditions, a mixed mating system evolves if
 the probability of ovule fertilization declines as more ovules are
 produced, so that a selfed seed with inbreeding depression provides equal
 marginal fitness returns to a larger outcrossed seed that may result from
 pollen limitation. Under mixed mating, outcrossed seeds should be larger
 than selfed seeds, and pollen limitation should not affect the optimal
 size of either outcrossed or selfed seeds. Our results identify a novel
 pathway through which pollen limitation selects for mixed mating, and
 provide an adaptive explanation as to why selfed seeds are often smaller
 than outcrossed seeds.
description: Data underlying figure
 1Effect of inbreeding
 depression on (a) the fertilization probability of the last ovule produced
 for outcrossing and (b) the optimal size of outcrossed seeds when mixed
 mating has been selected. Optimal size of selfed seeds equals that of
 outcrossed seeds when inbreeding depression equals 0.5. Values chosen: d =
 0.01, Sm = 0.0001, and fmax = 1000 for expensive ovules and fmax = 10000
 for cheap ovules.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j5dc4h1
title: Data from: Supplemental food alters nest defence and incubation behaviour of an open-nesting wetland songbird

description: Climate-driven increases in spring temperatures are expected to result in
 higher prey availability earlier in the breeding season for insectivorous
 birds breeding in wetland habitats. Predation during the incubation phase
 is a major cause of nesting failure in open-nesting altricial birds such
 as the Eurasian reed warbler. The nest predation rate in this species has
 recently been shown to be substantially reduced under conditions of
 experimentally elevated invertebrate prey availability. Food availability
 near the nest may be an important determinant of adult incubation and nest
 defence behaviours during the incubation period. We used two experimental
 studies to compare incubation behaviour and nest defence in
 food-supplemented and unsupplemented adult Eurasian reed warblers during
 the incubation phase. In the first study we measured nest defence
 behavioural responses to a taxidermic mount of a native predator (a Stoat,
 Mustela erminea). In the second study we used temperature loggers
 installed in nests to measure breaks in incubation as a measure of nest
 vulnerability. Food-supplemented birds responded aggressively to the
 presence of a predator more quickly than those in the unsupplemented
 group, suggesting they are closer to their nest and can more quickly
 detect a predator in the vicinity. Food-supplemented birds also had
 shorter breaks in incubation (both in terms of maximum and mean off-bout
 durations), presumably because they were foraging for shorter periods or
 over shorter distances from the nest. This study therefore identifies the
 behavioural mechanisms by which changes in food availability may lead to
 changes in nest survival and thus breeding productivity, in open-nesting
 insectivorous birds.
description: Data logger
 summarynest data lagger summary
 dataPredator presentation
 dataPredator presentation
 dataPredator.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3b869
title: Data from: Faithful females receive more help: the extent of male parental care during incubation in relation to extra-pair paternity in songbirds

description: Parental care provided by males occurs in a diverse array of animals and
 there are large differences among species in its extent compared to female
 care. However, social and ecological factors responsible for interspecific
 differences in male’s share of parental duties remain unclear. Genetic
 fidelity of females has been long considered important. Theory predicts
 that females should receive more help from their mates in raising the
 offspring in species with high genetic fidelity. Using avian incubation
 behavior as a model system, we confirmed this prediction. The extent of
 male’s help during incubation increased with decreasing rate of extra-pair
 paternity across species (22 species of socially monogamous songbirds from
 13 families; male’s share of incubation ranged from 6% to 58%), even after
 accounting for covariates, biases in species selection and intraspecific
 variability. Moreover, this result was not sensitive to two different
 phylogenies and branch length estimates. We suggest that our findings
 support the notion, backed by theory, that genetic fidelity is an
 important factor in the evolution of male parental care. We offer several
 behavioral scenarios for the coevolution between male’s share of parental
 duties and the genetic mating system.
description: Data from individual
 populations used for the analysesdata.populations.txtData from individual species used for the analysesdata.species.txtPhylogenetic tree used for phylogeny-informed analysesPhylog.Barker.txtPhylogenetic tree used for phylogeny-informed analysesPhylog.Supertree.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h6763
title: Data from: No apparent benefits of allonursing for recipient offspring and mothers in the cooperatively breeding meerkat

description: 1. Cooperative behaviours by definition are those that provide some
 benefit to another individual. Allonursing, the nursing of non-descendent
 young, is often considered a cooperative behaviour and is assumed to
 provide benefits to recipient offspring in terms of growth and survival,
 and to their mothers, by enabling them to share the lactation load.
 However, these proposed benefits are not well understood, in part because
 maternal and litter traits and other ecological and social variables are
 not independent of one another, making patterns hard to discern using
 standard univariate analyses. 2. Here, we investigate the potential
 benefits of allonursing in the cooperatively breeding Kalahari meerkat,
 where socially subordinate females allonurse the young of a dominant pair
 without having young of their own. 3. We use structural equation modelling
 to allow us to account for the interdependence of maternal traits, litter
 traits and environmental factors. 4. We find no evidence that allonursing
 provides benefits to pups or mothers. Pups that received allonursing were
 not heavier at emergence and did not have a higher survival rate than pups
 that did not receive allonursing. Mothers whose litters were allonursed
 were not in better physical condition, did not reconceive faster and did
 not reduce their own nursing investment compared to mothers who nursed
 their litters alone. These patterns were not significantly influenced by
 whether mothers were in relatively good, or poor, condition. 5. We suggest
 that allonursing may persist in this species because the costs to
 allonurses may be low. Alternatively, allonursing may confer other, more
 cryptic, benefits to pups or allonurses, such as immunological or social
 benefits.
description: benefits of allonursing
 in meerkatsData extracted from a
 long-term dataset collected in the field over ~20 years. Dataset created
 using Microsoft Excel. Data described in column headings; pertains to the
 potential benefits the presence of allonurses might have on maternal
 condition, lactation duration, interbirth interval, offspring survival,
 and weight at emergence from the natal burrow.datafile_dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t960f
title: Data from: Determination of the genetic architecture underlying short wavelength sensitivity in Lake Malawi cichlids

description: African cichlids are an exemplary system to study organismal diversity and
 rapid speciation. Species differ in external morphology including jaw
 shape and body coloration, but also differ in sensory systems including
 vision. All cichlids have 7 cone opsin genes with species differing
 broadly in which opsins are expressed. The differential opsin expression
 results in closely related species with substantial differences in
 spectral sensitivity of their photoreceptors. In this work, we take a
 first step in determining the genetic basis of opsin expression in
 cichlids. Using a second generation cross between 2 species with different
 opsin expression patterns, we make a conservative estimate that short
 wavelength opsin expression is regulated by a few loci. Genetic mapping in
 96 F2 hybrids provides clear evidence of a cis-regulatory region for SWS1
 opsin that explains 34% of the variation in expression between the 2
 species. Additionally, in situ hybridization has shown that SWS1 and SWS2B
 opsins are coexpressed in individual single cones in the retinas of F2
 progeny. Results from this work will contribute to a better understanding
 of the genetic architecture underlying opsin expression. This knowledge
 will help answer long-standing questions about the evolutionary processes
 fundamental to opsin expression variation and how this contributes to
 adaptive cichlid divergence.
description: Opsin expression values
 for wild caught and lab reared individuals of Aulonocara baenschi and
 Metriaclima mbenji normalized to cone type.Each opsin is normalized
 as a percent relative to the total opsin expression within single cones
 and double cones respectively. Expression values obtained via RT-PCR (See
 Methods)ABvsMM.csvOpsin expression values for F0, F1 and F2 individuals of the MA cross normalized to cone typeEach opsin is normalized as a percent relative to the total opsin expression within single cones and double cones respectively. Expression values obtained via RT-PCR (See Methods)MAcrossRTPCR.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b33m7
title: Data from: Evolution of the MHC-DQB exon 2 in marine and terrestrial mammals

description: On the basis of a general low polymorphism, several studies suggest that
 balancing selection in the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
 is weaker in marine mammals as compared with terrestrial mammals. We
 investigated such differential selection among Cetacea, Artiodactyla, and
 Primates at exon 2 of MHC-DQB gene by contrasting indicators of molecular
 evolution such as occurrence of transpecific polymorphisms, patterns of
 phylogenetic branch lengths by codon position, rates of nonsynonymous and
 synonymous substitutions as well as accumulation of variable sites on the
 sampling of alleles. These indicators were compared between the DQB and
 the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) as a reference of neutral
 expectations and differences between molecular clocks resulting from life
 history and historical demography. All indicators showed that the
 influence of balancing selection on the DQB is more variable and overall
 weaker for cetaceans. In our sampling, ziphiids, the sperm whale,
 monodontids and the finless porpoise formed a group with lower DQB
 polymorphism, while mysticetes exhibited a higher DQB variation similar to
 that of terrestrial mammals as well as higher occurrence of transpecific
 polymorphisms. Different dolphins appeared in the two groups. Larger
 variation of selection on the cetacean DQB could be related to greater
 stochasticity in their historical demography and thus, to a greater
 complexity of the general ecology and disease processes of these animals.
description: Villanueva_DQB_DatText file containing 26 original partial sequences of the DQB-gene exon 2 from several cetaceans and the hippopotamus. The file is organized in the following blocks: 1) A tab-delimited table containing Sequence identity, Voucher name of the specimen, Nucleotide sequence length and position of codon start. 2) The nucleotide sequences in fasta format. 3) The peptide sequences in fasta format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r6797
title: Data from: Manipulating the appearance of a badge of status causes changes in true badge expression

description: Signals of dominance and fighting ability (i.e. status signals) are found
 in a wide range of taxa and are used to settle disputes between
 competitive rivals. Most previous research has considered status-signal
 phenotype as an attribute of the individual; however, it is more likely
 that signal expression is an emergent property that also incorporates
 aspects of the social environment. Furthermore, because an
 individual's signal phenotype is likely to influence its social
 interactions, the relationships between status signals, social environment
 and individual quality are probably much more complex than previously
 appreciated. Here, we explore the dynamic relationship between social
 interactions and signal expression in a previously undescribed status
 signal, the frontal shield of the pukeko (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus:
 Aves). We demonstrate that frontal shield size is a strong predictor of
 dominance status within social groups, even after controlling for
 potentially confounding variables. Then, we evaluate the relationship
 between social interactions and signal expression by testing whether
 manipulating apparent shield size influences (i) dominance interactions
 and (ii) future signal expression. By showing that decreasing apparent
 shield size causes both an increase in the amount of aggression received
 and a decrease in an individual's true shield size, we provide the
 first evidence of dynamic feedback between signal expression and social
 interactions. Our study provides important insight into the role of
 receiver-dependent (i.e. social) costs in maintaining signal honesty and
 demonstrates a unique approach to studying status signalling applicable to
 future studies on dynamic morphological signals.
description: Shield Size and
 DominanceEffects of shield
 manipulation on dominance behavioursChange in true shield
 size with cosmetic shield manipulation
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f9180
title: Data from: Strong specificity in the interaction between parasitoids and symbiont-protected hosts

description: Coevolution between hosts and parasites may promote the maintenance of
 genetic variation in both antagonists by negative-frequency-dependence if
 the host-parasite interaction is genotype-specific. Here we tested for
 specificity in the interaction between parasitoids (Lysiphlebus fabarum)
 and aphid hosts (Aphis fabae) that are protected by a heritable defensive
 endosymbiont, the γ-proteobacterium Hamiltonella defensa. Previous studies
 reported a lack of genotype-specificity between unprotected aphids and
 parasitoids, but suggested that symbiont-conferred resistance might
 exhibit a higher degree of specificity. Indeed, in addition to ample
 variation in host resistance as well as parasitoid infectivity, we found a
 strong aphid clone-by-parasitoid line interaction on the rates of
 successful parasitism. This genotype-specificity appears to be mediated by
 H. defensa, highlighting the important role that endosymbionts can play in
 host-parasite coevolution.
description: jeb_dataThe experiment quantified the susceptibility of 15 clones of Aphis fabae to three thelytokous lines of Lysiphlebus fabarum in a fully crossed design. Each combination of aphid clone and wasp line (45 combination) was replicated six times, resulting in 270 colonies tested.