DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mgqnk995f
title: Data for: Above-ground dry mass and fruit geometries of 31 field muskmelon plants

description: We collected a total of 751 fruits from 31 Cucumis
 melo L. var. agrestis Naud. plants, digitized the side
 profiles of these fruits, and applied an explicit re-expression of
 Preston’s equation (referred to as EPE hereinafter) to fit the planar
 coordinates of each fruit profile. By using the estimated parameters, we
 calculated the volume and surface area of each fruit. The black_white.zip
 file saves the black and white .bmp images at 600 dpi for the
 751 fruits profiles. The edge_data.zip file includes the
 planar coordinates of each of the 751 fruits, and the
 EPE results.csv file includes the estimated parameters and
 goodness-of-fit of the EPE, and the fruit surface area and volume
 calculated by the surface area and volume formulas of the solid of
 revolution based on the EPE for each fruit. In addition, the EPE
 results.csv file also provides the measured volumes of the
 751 fruits using the graduated cylinders. The MPG.csv file
 includes the total leaf dry mass, total stem dry mass, and
 total fruit volume of 31 C. melo var.
 Agrestis plants.
description: A total of 751 fruits from 31 <em>Cucumis melo</em>
 L. var. <em>agrestis</em> Naud. plants were collected for
 detailed study. Each fruit was photographed using a horizontal smartphone
 (iPhone 12, Zhengzhou, China), mounted on an adjustable tabletop phone
 mount, while placing the fruit on a test tube rack directly beneath the
 camera to ensure that the fruits were stably positioned horizontally and
 that the lens was focused on the fruit's center. To calibrate the
 deviation of the image size of each fruit from its actual size, we
 measured the maximum length of the fruit using a vernier
 caliper. To obtain the planar coordinates of fruit 2D
 profiles, the photographs were converted into black-white images and saved
 as .bmp format using Adobe Photoshop CS2 (version 9.0; Adobe, San Jose,
 CA, USA). A program developed by Shi et al. (2018) and Su et al. (2019)
 developed in Matlab (version &gt;= 2009a; MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA)
 was then used to extract the planar coordinates of each fruit profile from
 the corresponding .bmp black-white image.The function ‘fitEPE’ in the
 package ‘biogeom’ (version 1.3.5) (Shi et al., 2022) in R (version 4.2.1)
 (R Core Team, 2022) was used to estimate the numerical values of
 <em>a</em>, <em>b</em>,
 <em>c</em><sub>1</sub>,
 <em>c</em><sub>2</sub>, and
 <em>c</em><sub>3</sub>. The Nelder-Mead
 optimization method was used to minimize the residual sum of squares (RSS)
 between the observed and predicted <em>y</em>-values of C.
 melo var. agrestis fruit profiles. After obtaining the estimated
 parameters of the EPE, we used the surface area and volume equations for
 the solid of revolution (Narushin et al., 2022) based on the EPE to
 calculate the fruit surface area and volume for each fruit of the 751
 fruits. To compare the predicted volume of a fruit with
 its observed volume, we measured volume by submerging each fruit in water
 in a 100 mL graduated cylinder with a diameter of 3 cm and reading the
 observed volume of displaced water. The results were saved in the
 EPE_results.csv file. The above contents were cited
 from He et al. (2023). References 
 Narushin, V.G.; Romanov, M.N.; Griffin, D.K. Egg and math:
 Introducing a universal formula for egg shape. <em>Ann. N. Y. Acad.
 Sci.</em> <strong>2021</strong>,
 <em>1505</em>, 169–177. R Core Team.
 <em>R: A Language and Environment for Statistical
 Computing</em>; R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna,
 Austria, 2022. Available online: https://www.r-project.org/ (accessed on 1
 June 2022). Shi, P.; Gielis, J.; Niklas, K.J.
 Comparison of a universal (but complex) model for avian egg shape with a
 simpler model. <em>Ann. N. Y. Acad.
 Sci.</em> <strong>2022</strong>,
 <em>1514</em>, 34–42. Shi, P.; Ratkowsky,
 D.A.; Li, Y.; Zhang, L.; Lin, S.; Gielis, J. A general leaf area geometric
 formula exists for plants—Evidence from the simplified Gielis equation.
 <em>Forests</em> <strong>2018</strong>,
 <em>9</em>, 714. Su, J.; Niklas, K.J.;
 Huang, W.; Yu, X.; Yang, Y.; Shi, P. Lamina shape does not correlate with
 lamina surface area: An analysis based on the simplified Gielis equation.
 <em>Glob. Ecol. Conserv.
 </em><strong>2019</strong>, <em>19</em>,
 e00666. He, K.; Hui, C.; Yao, W.; Wang, J.; Wang, L.;
 Li, Q.; Shi, P. Evidence that field muskmelon (<em>Cucumis
 melo</em> L. var. <em>agrestis</em> Naud.) fruits are
 solids of revolution. <em>Plants</em>
 <strong>2023,</strong> in press.
description: # Profile data of *Cucumis melo* L. var. *agrestis* Naud. fruits ##
 Description of the data and file structure In the black_white.zip file,
 there are 751 .bmp images at 600 dpi. The image size was scaled to its
 actual size using the ratio of its actual fruit length measured to the
 fruit length in the scanned image. This means that the image size in a
 .bmp file is equal to the actual size of a fruit profile. In the
 edge_data.zip file, there are 751 .csv files. In each .csv file, there are
 two columns, which record the x- and y-coordinates in cm for an arbitrary
 fruit's side profile. In the EPE results.csv file, there are 18
 columns. (1) Image represents the fruit number. The number before the
 underline represents the individual plant number, and the number after the
 underline represents the fruit number of an individual plant. (2) x0
 represents the x-coordinate of the center of a fruit profile (in cm). (3)
 y0 represents the y-coordinate of the center of a fruit profile (in cm).
 (4) theta represents the angle between the midline of the fruit profile
 and the x-axis. (5) a, b, c1, c2 and c3 are the estimated values of the
 parameters of the explicit Preston equation (see He et al. [2023] for
 details), where the units of a and b are cm, and c1, c2, and c3 are
 unitless. (6) scan.length, scan.width and scan.area represent the scanned
 fruit length (in cm), maximum width (in cm) and planar area (in cm2),
 respectively. (7) RSS represents the residual sum of squares in
 y-coordinates in cm2. (8) sample.size represents the sample size, i.e.,
 the number of data points on a fruit profile. (9) RMSE represents the
 root-mean-square error in cm. (10) V.pre and S.pre represent the predicted
 fruit volume (in cm3) and surface area (in cm2) using the volume and
 surface area formulas based on the explicit Preston equation with the
 estimated parameters, respectively. (11) V.obs represents the volume (in
 cm3) measured using the graduated cylinder. In the SE results.csv file,
 there are 20 columns. (1) Image represents the fruit number. The number
 before the underline represents the individual plant number, and the
 number after the underline represents the fruit number of an individual
 plant. (2) x0 represents the x-coordinate of the center of a fruit profile
 (in cm). (3) y0 represents the y-coordinate of the center of a fruit
 profile (in cm). (4) theta represents the angle between the midline of the
 fruit profile and the x-axis. (5) a, k and n are the estimated values of
 the parameters of the superellipse equation (see Yao et al. [2024] for
 details), where the units of a and k are cm, and n are unitless. (6) L, W
 and A represent the scanned fruit length (in cm), maximum width (in cm)
 and planar area (in cm2), respectively. (8) RSS represents the residual
 sum of squares in y-coordinates in cm2. (9) N represents the sample size,
 i.e., the number of data points on a fruit profile. (10) RMS.IC represents
 the relative intrinsic curvature. (10) RMS.PEC represents the
 root-mean-square relative parameter-effects curvature. (10) Cri.C
 represents the critical curvature. (11) n.Median, n.Mean and n.SD
 represent the median, mean, and standard deviation of parameter n,
 respectively. (12) n.LCI and n.UCI represent the lower and upper bounds of
 the 95% confidence interval for parameter n, respectively. In the GE
 results.csv file, there are 17 columns. (1) Image represents the fruit
 number. The number before the underline represents the individual plant
 number, and the number after the underline represents the fruit number of
 an individual plant. (2) x0 represents the x-coordinate of the center of a
 fruit profile (in cm). (3) y0 represents the y-coordinate of the center of
 a fruit profile (in cm). (4) theta represents the angle between the
 midline of the fruit profile and the x-axis. (5) a, k, n1, n2 and n3 are
 the estimated values of the parameters of the Geilis equation (see Yao et
 al. [2024] for details), where the units of a and k are cm, and n1, n2 and
 n3 are unitless. (6) RSS represents the residual sum of squares in
 y-coordinates in cm2. (7) N represents the sample size, i.e., the number
 of data points on a fruit profile. (8) L, W and A represent the scanned
 fruit length (in cm), maximum width (in cm) and planar area (in cm2),
 respectively. (9) RMS.IC represents the relative intrinsic curvature. (10)
 RMS.PEC represents the root-mean-square relative parameter-effects
 curvature. (11) Cri.C represents the critical curvature. In the MPG.csv
 file, there are 4 columns. (1)Code represents the plant code of each of 31
 *C. melo* var. *agrestis* plants. (2)LeafM represents the total dry weight
 of all leaves for each plant. (3)StemM represents the total dry weight of
 all stems for each plant. (4)FruitV represents the total volume of all
 fruits for each plant. Reference(s) He, K.; Hui, C.; Yao, W.; Wang, J.;
 Wang, L.; Li, Q.; Shi, P. Evidence that field muskmelon (*Cucumis melo* L.
 var. *agrestis* Naud.) fruits are solids of revolution. *Plants* **2023**,
 in press. Yao, W.; Hui, C.; Wang, L.; Wang, J.; Gielis, J.; Shi, P.
 Comparison of the performance of two polar equations in describing the
 geometries of elliptical fruits. *Bot. Lett.* **2024**, in press.