DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13978552
title: TABLE 4 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

description: TABLE 4. General table of measurements of the spicular set of Acarnus species. Values are expressed in minimum–medium–maximum (µm).
Acarnus speciesDistribution/ Depth (m)StylesTylotesTylostylesSubtylostylesSpicules Cladotylotes (length×width)Toxas (length)AcanthostylesChelae (length)Microxeas“Innominatus ” species groupIndian OceanA. claudei van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype MNHN DCL. 524(South Africa, Cape Town, Mossel Bay and175–400/ 6–20130–230/ 3–4absentabsentI.160–230/8 II.80–110/2I.200–250 II.50–140 III. 50–200/3–5absent11–18absentPt. Elisabeth)/-I.295–361.1–A. erithacus de Laubenfels, 1927 Paratype LACM # 21416Pacific Coast of USA, Gulf of California/ 36355–375.2– 400/7.5– 13.4–17.5180–226.4– 265/ 2.5– 3.7–5absentabsentI.170–192.9–225/ 5–9.1–15 II.70–74.6–85/ 2.5–2.9–5450 II.145–191.3– 250 III.40–72.3–absent10–13.4– 15absent100A. hoshinoi van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype NTM Z2234South India and Sri Lanka, Bonaparte Coast/ intertidal260–450/ 16–25240–280/ 3–4absentabsentI.195–280/6–15 II.70–140/3–5I.190–590/ 1–3 II.25–170 III.45–250/ 2–5absent6–9–10absentA. innominatus Gray, 1867 Holotype BMNH Bk 309Ocidental Atlantic (Caribbean, Brazil)/-280–460/ 11–22180–280/ 4absentabsentI.230–300/6–12 II.80–115/2–3I.220–450/ 0.5– 1.5 II.35–150/ 1.5–2 III.50– 160/ 2–4absent9–24absentA. tenuis Dendy, 1896 Lectotype BMNH 1902.10.18.62 (RN974)Australia/ -152–184– 205/296–142– 176/ 2absentabsentI.80–137–152/2 II.absentI. absent II. absent III. absentabsentabsentabsentA. ternatus Ridley, 1884 Paratype NTMZ. 1584Indian Ocean (East African, South India and Sri Lanka)/-288/15250/ 4absentabsentI.135–166/4 II.absentI up to 800 II.50–150 III.75–110absent20absentSouthern RedA. thielei Lévi, 1958 Holotype MNHN #A. 107Sea (Bonaparte Coast, South India and Sri230–296/ 5–6206–225/ 2–3absentabsentI.130–180/3–4.5 II.61–79/1–2I.240–420 II.25–70 III.60–200absent7–9absentLanka)/-A. wolffgangi Keller, 1889 Holotype MNHN DCL.1297Indian Ocean, Southern Red Sea, Austrália, Indonésia/-286–300/13210/2absentabsentI.216/10 II.110/3I.510–900 II. absent III.80absent15–20absent“Tortilis ” species groupIndo-WestA. bergquistae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype QM GL 706Pacific (North East Autralia, Indonesia, India,197–334/ 7–16183–363/ 3–7absentabsentI.118–212/4–8 II.58–109/3–5I. absent II.80–265 III.44–110absent7–16absentMadagascar)/ 10West IndianI.Three-cladedA. deweerdtae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype ZMA POR. 8761(Bonaire, Curaçao, Barbados, NorthEast400–566/ 5–6290–350/ 3–5absentabsentcladomes 190–279/5–8 Four-claded 105– 128/2–4I.160–400 II.40–180 III. absentabsent15–20absentColombia)/ 5II.67–86/1–2A. oaxaquensis AguilarCamacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013 Holotype MNC N 1.01/689Mexican Tropical Pacific/ 4192.5–325/ 3–10105–268/ 2–5absentabsentI.125–162.5/3–5 II.62.5–82.5/2–3I.35–170 II.57.5–90 III. absentabsent17.5–25absentA. sabulum AguilarCamacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013 Holotype McNM 1.01/690Pacific Coast of USA, Cortezian/ 3200–263.5– 315/2.5–7.5– 10150–167.5– 190/2–2.5–3absentabsentI.100–119.5–150/ 3.7–4.2–5 II.67.5–70.6–80/ 2.5–2.6–3I.11.5–145.7– 165 II.25–45.5–80 III.30–31.2–35absent10–13.1– 15absentA. topsenti Dendy, 1922 Syntype BM 1921.11.7.84Western Indian Ocean/ 60204–287/ 3–12Amphitylotes 205–262/ 2–3.5absentabsentI. absent II.53–97/3–8I. absent II. absent III.32–191/1–4absent9–12absentAtlantic,Pacific andIndian Oceans(North AtlanticA. tortilis Topsent, 1892 QM GL 706 (fragment NTM Z1538)Ocean, Western India, Western and Northern214–550/ 3-16Amphitylotes 222–440/ 3.5–7absentabsentI.151–225/3–5 II.58–109/2.5–4I. absent II. 15–265/1–2 III.44–130/1–5absent7–22absentMadagascar,Torres StraitNorthern GreatBarrier Reef)/ 10A. toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Holotype MNHN DNBE 1037Brazil/ 50378–727/ 12-16213–472/ 3–9absentabsentI.250–395/3–9 II.56–162/3I.500–945 II.28–265 III. absentabsent12–14absentA. tupiniquim sp. nov. Holotype UFBA 2453-PORBrazil/ 11370–653– 900/7.5–10– 15270–400– 560/2.5– 5.6–7.5127.5– 155.8– 177.5/ 2.5–3.5–5absentI.127.5–184.8– 232.5/5–5.8–7.5 II.65–80.5–100/ 2.5–2.8–5I.200–239.3– 310/2.0–2.1–2.5 II.47.5–66.8– 80/0.8–1.3–1.6 III. absentabsent12.5– 15.8–17.5absent“Souriei ”species groupA. bicladotylotus Hoshino, 1981 Holotype AR-1-10Indo-West Pacific (Japan, Indonesia, Maldives, Seychelles)/195–341– 385/8–10–12205–267– 300/3–4.7–6absentabsentI.140–160–175/ 4–5.5–7 II.80–88–95/ 3–4–5I.130–210/ 2–3 II.60–110/ 1–2 III. absent80–90–95/ 3–4–515absentA. caledoniensis Hooper & Lévi, 1993 Holotype QM G300724intertidal zone Tropical Southwestern Pacific, SouthWest coast of the Noumea lagoon /23absent304–330– 365/3–5–6absent321–354–423/ 4–7–10I.122–165–192/ 1–2–3 II.68–111–152/ 2–2.4–3.5I.185–269–386/ 0.4–1.1–1.8 II.52–93–141/ 0.5–0.9–1.2 III. absent95–111–129/ 2–3–414–18– 22absentA. guentheri (Dendy, 1896) Holotype R.N. 473Australia/-absent280/3absentabsentI and II.absentI. and II. absent III. about 80/ 1.5absentabout 12absentA. levii (Vacelet, 1960) Holotype St. K204Western Mediterranean (Corsica)/ 47-55315–480/ 6–9260–460/ 3–4.5absentabsentI.180–210/4.5–6 II.100–140/2–4I.75–195/1.5 II.20–140/ 0.5–3 III. absent55–115/3–513–16absentA. michoacanensis AguilarCamacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013 Holotype MCNM 1.01/688Mexican Tropical Pacific/ 8207.5–277/ 5–8155–260/ 2.5–5absentabsentI.112.5–135/2.5–3 II.absentI.152–210 II.42–92.5 III. absent47.5–72.5/ 4–5.511.3– 12.5absentA. microxeatus Nascimento & Pinheiro, 2023 Holotype 2986Brasil/ intertidal374–395.9– 424/12–21.1– 30190–211– 249/2–3.1–5absentabsentI.141–244–293/ 5–9.8–12 II.90–96.1–105/ 2–3.1–5I.222–435.6– 656 II.50–128.9–313 III.35–55.2–8061–77.7–98/ 2–3.4–510–10.7– 1229–52.4– 202/5–7.8–12A. nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype ZMA Por. 08768Ocidental Atlantic (Caribbean, Brazil)/-240–381/ 5–7119–380/ 3–7absentabsentI.140–205/3–5 II.70–117/1–2I.140–330 II.40–300 III.50–90/2–455–115/1–514–21absentA. peruanus van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype USNM 23264Mexican Tropical Pacific, Central Peru/ on wave washed rocks244–371/ 9–12211–282/ 3–4absentabsentI.121–141/ 4–5 II.66–75/3I.47.5–72.5/ 4–5.5 II.35–40 III. absent82–97/413–17absentA. primigenius Hiemstra & Hooper, 1991 Holotype ZMA Por 07693Southern Indonesia, Sumbawa/ 1899–166–240 /4–5.5–6Anisotylotes 137–156– 184/2.5absentabsentI.54–62.5–67/5 II.absentI. absent II. absent III.44–30–46/ 1.5–3–460–66–68/514–17.5– 21.5absentA. radovani (BouryEsnault, 1973) Holotype MNHN D.NBE 963Ocidental Atlantic (Carribean, Brazil)/ 51 Atlantic Oceanabsent350–473/ 3–4absentabsentI.210–218/4.5–6 II. absentI.230–309/1.5 II.143–204/ 1.5–3 III.78– 104/3–680–213/3–919–22absentA. souriei (Lévi, 1952) Holotype DCL. 1259(Europe, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Caribbean, Brazil)/ 0.2-25180–230/ 3–10210–270/ 3absentabsentI.105–160/5 II. absentI.190 II.150 III.80I.100–165 II.67–8014absentA. tener Tanita, 1963 MNHN, DT. 1890Japan, Central Pacific (Gambier Isl.)/-260–340/ 8–10180–320/ 2.5–5absentabsentI.130–190/5–6 II. absentI. absent II. absent III.70–110/280–130/4–612–14absentA. hooperi sp. nov. Holotype MNRJ 3942Brazil/ 2.5-60319–442.8– 505/ 7.9–10–13.3266–345– 425/5.3–6– 7.9absentabsentI.172–210.7–260/ 8–8.9–10.6 II.79–97.8–122/ 2.6–3.3–5.3I.133–209.5– 532 II.34.5–109.6– 218.166.5–97.7– 109/2.9–3.4–4.829.2– 34.4–39.9absent
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description: Published as part of Ozga, Aline Vasum, Santos, George Garcia & Menegola, Carla, 2024, Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species, pp. 415-419 in Zootaxa 5523 (4) on page 415, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13949596