cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.54
title: Curriculum renewal in architecture, engineering, and construction education: Visualizing building information modeling via augmented reality

description: Building information modeling (BIM) has long been utilized in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) education. Learning and teaching (L & T) research has revealed a range of shortcomings in using BIM such as unfamiliarity of students and graduates with real-world field operations and decision making processes. Better visualization of BIM via augmented reality (AR) is an innovative educational approach that can address the aforementioned problems. This paper, proposes AR-powered BIM as a robust platform to be adopted in the AEC education with the aim of improving student experience and learning. After discussing advantages and disadvantages of BIM and AR as two separate platforms, opportunities and challenges to combine the two are investigated. This work contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of AEC education by investigating the dynamics of using AR-powered BIM in curriculum design.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.55
title: Identifying bad practices: A way to introduce ethics in the classroom

description: According to the Civil Engineering Bachelor Degree program, students should have acquired, among other knowledge, the skill:
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.56
title: PROPERTY ASSET MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN: STATE OF THE ART AND PROPOSALS OF ACTION

description: Currently, in the Spanish market, some entities possess considerable amounts of property assets, as we have seen in large holders: banking entities, public hospitals, developers, etc. Property assets are the slowest resources of an entity, when it comes to answering to changes, due to the complexities associated with the purchase, sale, lease, alteration, development of property assets, etc. For these and many other reasons, all the activities related to property assets, take more time than expected and are generally more expensive than in the initially budget. Then, why are there so many organizations that are surprised repeatedly, for the delays, the shortage of funds or with buildings that do not match with the initial expectations? That is why, the vast majority of organizations, cannot align the disposition, quality and efficiency of property assets with their current business strategy, that is, they are poorly managed. There is a necessity to develop the Property Asset Manager figure, in order to achieving at least similar numbers to our neighboring countries (UK, France, Germany, etc). For this to happen, we have studied, researched and analyzed diverse documentations, especially at an international level. We need to develop a definition, functions and methodology that helps to create a specific field in Spain
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.57
title: THE IMPORTANCE OF ISO 55000 IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES

description: All sectors are facing an increasing competitive situation, therefore economic analyzes are increasing in importance in asset management. The market dynamics tends to a continuous improvement. The objectives of profitability and life cycle costs have a significant influence on the strategy of assets and strategic decisions in the organization, so it is important to analyze capex and opex to be able to define the strategies to take. What happens when we are in a medium or small company? Generally, the answer to this is that asset management only takes place on large companies. In this research, the application of an international standard model, such as ISO 55000 in asset management, for medium and small companies, becomes relevant. This standard covers a whole concept of control, monitoring and improvement, which explains what should be done. The application of a management model based on the standard allows meeting specific requirements and characteristics. Our conclusion are that any entity, regardless of its size should establish a strategy in its asset management and ISO 55000 could help them in developing that strategy.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.58
title: PROPERTY ASSET MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN: LEGAL FRAMEWORK

description: The Property Asset Manager is a figure of the construction process of recent implantation in Spain, also the Spanish legislation in force does not expressly contemplate it like an agent of the construction. We have analyzed and interpreted the legislation, especially the
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.59
title: THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY ASSET MANAGEMENT IN THE SPANISH PUBLIC SECTOR

description: There are public entities that possess in their hands multiple property assets, that are difficult to manage, being, in many cases, buildings that are considered icons that contribute to the character of their surroundings or that take part of our historical heritage or have some kind of protection. It is difficult for the private sector to manage these assets, if in the public sector, we add the electoral cycle, the problems increase. At a public level, it is more complicated, since it should be understood that the planning of property assets and delivery do not correspond to the political cycles. In addition, policies changes once established, perhaps with the development under construction, will inevitably have serious consequences on: the planning, cost and alignment of the building with the final needs of the asset. Therefore, it is important for all the stakeholders to realize that an approach is needed for the long-term management of property asset portfolios. To achieve this goal, we have developed a structured and programmed approach of Property Asset Management adapted to the public sector, in order to provide the best solutions.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.60
title: An Asset Management Framework for Ramp Metering Systems and Adaptive Traffic Control Systems

description: Transportation systems management and operations (TSM&O) strategies such as adaptive traffic control systems (ATCSs) and ramp metering systems (RMSs) can be utilized to exploit existing transporting capacity instead of undertaking costly new construction projects. This paper presents an asset management framework for TSM&O components used in ATCSs and RMSs including signal heads, controllers, detectors, supporting structures, and communication lines to support the decision making processes of transportation agencies. ATCS and RMS overall condition ratings and importance indices are the two parameters that contribute to prioritization of these TSM&O applications. A fuzzy logic approach is used to combine these two major components. Inspection guidelines and published cost databases are primary data sources, while economic (agency), social (traveler), and environmental benefits that would be lost in case of failures are considered in developing procedures to determine the importance indices. This asset management framework allows transportation agencies to identify ATCS and RMS deployments with high risk considering both the condition levels and benefits provided by these deployments, and hence constitutes a highly important step towards development of risk management and mitigation plans featuring appropriate maintenance, repair and rehabilitation (MRR) strategies. Future research can integrate additional TSM&O components into the asset management framework, and the boundary of benefits considered in determining the importance indices can be expanded.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.61
title: COASTAL PROTECTION OF GOTVAND RESERVOIR DAM: ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY PERFECTION OF SALTY DOMES

description: The GOTVAND reservoir dam is located at SW of Iran and it is oriented from the Zagros Mountains basin. It was built on the Great Karun River. The nominal volume is 5
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.62
title: ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL COMPRESSION INDEX EQUATIONS USING THE WATER CONTENT

description: This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the reliability of published empirical formulas in terms of accuracy and applicability to different soil types. Different empirical models are proposed to properly approximate the compression index for a wide range of water contents and soil types. They were developed using a unique technique and a substantial number of published regression equations and compression data. Familiar empirical equations were examined for their reliability in predicting the compression index of clay for any water content. A comparison was made between available and newly-proposed empirical formulas using combined regression data sets compiled independently by several authors. The newly proposed empirical compression index equations are applicable to a wide range of clay soils, and in validating other published relationships. The degree of scatter and variations in the computed compression index values are minimized for any water content.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.63
title: ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL COMPRESSION INDEX EQUATIONS USING THE VOID RATIO

description: This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the reliability of published empirical formulas in terms of accuracy and applicability to different soil types. Different empirical models are proposed to properly approximate the compression index for a wide range of void ratio and soil types. They were developed using a unique technique and a substantial number of published regression equations and compression data. Familiar empirical equations were examined for their reliability in predicting the compression index of clay for any void ratio. A comparison was made between available and newly-proposed empirical formulas using combined regression data sets compiled independently by several authors. The newly proposed empirical compression index equations are applicable to wide ranges of clay soils and void ratios, validating other published relationships. The degree of scatter and variations in the computed compression index values are minimized for any void ratio.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.64
title: INNOVATIVE IMPLICIT FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION TO TIME RATE OF SETTLEMENT IN CLAY

description: The primary consolidation process in clay involves changes in excess pore water pressure (Epwp) with time. The changes in the Epwp is related to permeability, void ratio, and boundary conditions. Closed-form solutions for simple initial EPWP have been published. Such solutions include simplifying assumptions and limited to few impractical initial EPWP distributions. Generally, the initial Epwp encountered in practice is complex, in which case, numerical methods are used. The finite differences and the finite element methods are the primary tools employed in the analysis of settlement behavior of fine-grained soils. Unfortunately, these methods suffer from three main problems: (1) they require evaluation of EPWP vectors at each time increment which results in a large number of calculations; (2) roundoff errors at each time increment; and (3) the solution for a given initial EPWP distribution is achieved at a predetermined integer time increment. An innovative explicit finite difference model is proposed that will permit any initial EPWP distribution, substantially reduces the number of calculations and roundoff errors.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.65
title: INNOVATIVE EXPLICIT FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION TO TIME RATE OF SETTLEMENT IN CLAY

description: The primary consolidation process in clay involves changes in excess pore water pressure (EPWP) with time. The changes in the EPWP is related to permeability, void ratio, and boundary conditions. Closed-form solutions for simple initial EPWP have been published. Such solutions include simplifying assumptions and limited to few impractical initial EPWP distributions. Generally, the initial EPWP encountered in practice is complex, in which case, numerical methods are used. The finite differences and the finite element methods are the primary tools employed in the analysis of settlement behavior of fine-grained soils. Unfortunately, these methods suffer from three main problems: (1) they require evaluation of EPWP vectors at each time increment which results in a large number of calculations; (2) roundoff errors at each time increment; and (3) the solution for a given initial EPWP distribution is achieved at a predetermined integer time increment. An innovative explicit finite difference model is proposed that substantially reduces the number of calculations and roundoff errors involved.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.66
title: EXCEL BASED SETTLEMENT OF BEAMS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS WITH FREE-ENDS AND ARBITRARY LOADING

description: The deflection of long footings placed on homogeneous and isotropic soils involves soil-structure differential equations models whose solution may not be possible for most practical problems. The analytical solution of beams on elastic foundation problem involves soil modulus of subgrade reaction and simplifying assumptions relative to applied loading. The exact solutions are available in relatively simple cases of loading, uniform cross sectional properties of the footing and constant soil modulus of subgrade reaction. Therefore, the Finite Differences Method (FDM) or Finite Element Method (FEM), are typically used to compute the deformation of beams with variable loading and geometry resting on elastic foundations with variable modulus of subgrade reaction. The finite differences method was used to solve this problem for long beams with arbitrary loading and constant cross-sections using an Excel Workbook to compute beam deflections providing both numerical and graphical output. The foundation is modeled as a long beam with free ends and a constant modulus of subgrade reaction. The proposed solution presents an efficient method involving a complex ordinary differential equation model for beams on elastic foundations encountered in engineering practice.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.67
title: AN ESTIMATING METHOD FOR LATERAL BEHAVIOR OF PILED-RAFT FOUNDATION

description: Some simplified design methods were proposed to predict behavior of lateral loaded piled-raft foundations on homogenous soil. One of them is the cone model method. However, only one average solution of pile behavior can be given by this method. It can
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.68
title: Full-scale model test for predicting collapse using inverse of velocity of slope surface during excavation

description: It is important to predict an onset of slope failures or rock falls for the occupational safety because about 15 to 20 workers were killed by these every year in Japan. Approximately half of the victims suffered from slope failure during slope excavation construction. In this research, in order to predict the time of slope failure during an experimental testing on a full-scale model slope was conducted, and the displacements of the slope surface were monitored during the slope excavation. The surface displacements rapidly increased with the elapsed time after the excavation, and the relationship between the displacements and the elapsed time included an exponential function just before the collapsed. We validated that the time of slope failure could be predicted by the relationship between the acceleration and the velocity of the obtained slope surface displacements. However, in order to predict the time of collapse, the data was required to compute only 2 seconds before the collapse. Therefore, we realised the importance of providing advisory and warning signal to give workers enough time to escape the slope failures. We have discovered that by computing the inverse of velocity of slope surface displacement, advisory and warning signals can be provided 2 minutes before the collapse.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.69
title: ESTIMATION OF DYNAMIC RESPONSES ON CONTOURS OF SEVERAL ROUND CUTS AT THIN PLATE VIBRATIONS

description: According to most theoretical and experimental researches, wave models quite fully and accurately describe the process of foundation vibration in the soil ground. Thus, the solutions obtained for the vibration of an infinite plate with a circular cut are successfully used today to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the pile foundations; however, the results of the cases with more than one cut are practically needed. In this paper, analytical expressions are found for dynamic stiffness within the wave model framework regarding the vertical vibrations of an infinitely thin plate with circular cuts, their mutual alignment being regarded. Determined expressions take into account the distance between piles located in a row or in a group. Obtained results can be used for the calculations of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of pile foundations.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.70
title: Creep Characteristics of Chalk Marl Under Uniaxial and Confinded Compression State Stress

description: This paper studies the time-dependent deformation of chalk marl under uniaxial state of stress in a specially built creep rigs , and confined compression stress state. The tests carried out include : six uniaxial creep tests with vertical and lateral deformation measurements , at different stress levels which lasted for 75 to 268 days , six oedometer creep tests under different stress intensities and different loading conditions which lasted for 80 to 250 days .All tested samples were trimmed from 113 mm diameter cores. For uniaxial tests 0.5% axial strain occurred almost instantaneously in the first series subjected to a stress level of 80% . In the second series subjected to a stress level of 40%, the average initial strain was 0.25% which indicate clearly their stress level dependency. After 75 to 150 days creep period, the measured average creep strain was 0.33% for the first series , which represents 57% of the consolidation strain. For series 2 the average creep strain = 0.26%.which represents 54% of the consolidation strain. This implies that the proportional creep ratio Cr = ( Et - E1 ) / E1 is independent of the applied stress level ,where Et strain at any time t, E1 strain at one day. For 1-D creep tests E1 and the proportional strain ( Et - E1 ) are not affected significantly by the intensity of applied creep stress ,while both of them are highly influenced by the method of load application. From these results, it can be concluded that creep deformation constitute an important part of the total deformation of chalk marl.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.71
title: Affordable Housing Policy Implementation in Municipalities: A Case Study

description: The City of Edmonton (City), the fifth largest municipality in Canada, passed the Affordable Housing strategy in year 2015. The strategy formalizes the City
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.72
title: WIND PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON NORTH-LIGHT INDUSTRIAL BUILDING ROOF

description: Industrial buildings are generally provided with sloping roofs in order to achieve large column free areas. It is noticed that roofs of many of such buildings are blown off during cyclonic storms. Whereas one of the possible reasons may be improper construction, another reason may be under estimation of wind loads acting on them. Structural designers generally refer to standards on wind loads of different countries to choose suitable values of wind pressure coefficients acting on sloping roofs. However, values of wind pressure coefficients available in literature are limited to certain roof slopes and certain wind incidence angles only. An attempt has, therefore, been made to carry out experimental study on the models of industrial building with north-light roof in order to generate more information about wind pressure distribution on it. The models are tested in a closed circuit boundary layer wind tunnel to measure values of wind pressures on roof surface. Four cases namely one, two, three and four spans are considered. Plywood models are placed by the side of Perspex sheet model in case of multi-span study. Wind is made to hit the models at 13 wind incidence angles from 0
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.73
title: Economic Scoring Formulae in multi-attribute construction auctions

description: Public tendering implies the free concurrence and competition of bidding companies that certify their solvency, so that those companies proposing the most attractive bid, both technically and economically, are awarded the contracts and carry them out according to the same terms and conditions that they proposed.Generally, there is high competition in public tendering, both concerning the number of bidders (constantly increasing), as well as the profit margin (constantly decreasing). On the other side, handling the procurement process, there is a contracting authority that spends public money while trying to fulfill a particular socio-economic objective.This paper will take the contracting authority
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.74
title: Influences on Inner City Construction Sites: A Comparison of Theory and Practice

description: In recent decades, social development and demographic changes have led to a significant decline of the number of new building constructions and an increase of refurbishments and building activities in projects in the built environment.Those changes force building companies and construction site managers to adapt their site management concepts due to inner city influences. Especially emissions like noise and dust, transports, and construction site waste should be limited to a minimum in order to prevent inhabitants and neighbors from surpassing inconveniences.To compare theory and practice in terms of efficient and environmental friendly construction site management in inner cities, qualitative interviews were taken, to figure out what actions are applicable in order to keep emissions on a minimum level and where the construction processes and logistic can be improved.The results show, that possibilities - like shifting the transports to railway - could be a proper approach, but are seldom applied. Due to cost and logistical reasons, most efforts are put into neighbor involvement, rather than changing the process of building itself.
DOI: 10.12755/isec.res.2017.75
title: Probabilistic calculation of total labor consumption rate of reinforced concrete works

description: Correlations between calculation parameters directly influence the results of probabilistic calculations and their interpretation. In Monte Carlo simulations carried out to systematically integrate uncertainties into the calculation process, input parameter correlations are reflected by correlation coefficients and predominantly influence the chance/risk ratio and ranges of results. Correlations are usually determined indirectly by analyzing existing data series gathered from measurements, surveys, experiments etc. and investigated with respect to their linear relationship. Another option is to directly determine correlation coefficients based on expert surveys. In 2015/16, Kummer/Hofstadler conducted a survey at Graz University of Technology in which experts provided estimates of the coefficients corresponding to the correlations between certain parameters. These considerations concentrated on the labor intensity of reinforced concrete works expressed by the total labor consumption rate, which indicates the amount of labor required for reinforced concrete works per cubic meter of concrete. The total labor consumption rate of reinforced concrete works must consider all activities carried out within the system, such as shuttering, reinforcing and concreting. This paper presents and interprets survey results shown in violin plots, and M-estimators are derived to deliver sound recommendations for considering correlations when determining the total labor consumption rate of reinforced concrete works. An example demonstrates the influence of input parameter correlations on calculating the total labor consumption rate of reinforced concrete works.