cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dckn3q
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 53 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gentiana tenuissima",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 53 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024316-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4updez
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cochlodinium polykrikoides",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024317-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bk2wyw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 76 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cochlodinium polykrikoides",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 76 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024319-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8e3q7q
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cochlodinium polykrikoides",
 "Country is Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024318-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.amh2vq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Country is Chile",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Alsodes australis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024320-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17023731
title: Condomínios residenciais fechados de Porto Alegre–RS: Localização, delimitação e características
title: Gated Residential Communities in Porto Alegre–RS: Location, Delineation, and Characteristics

description: Este banco de dados fornece a delimitação, localização e características dos condomínios fechados de Porto Alegre-RS, para estudos de segregação socioespacial e planejamento urbano.

Os dados aqui apresentados foram analisados no artigo de Faccin, Almeida e Campos (2024), publicado em 2024 na revista PosFauusp.

Arquivos



poa_condominios_2022_pol.gpkg - Camada Geopackage com a delimitação e atributos dos condomínios fechados.

poa_condominios_dados.csv - Atributos dos condomínios fechados em formato tabular.

poa_condominios_dicionario.csv - Dicionário de dados que descreve cada coluna dos arquivos .gpkg e .csv, com suas definições e unidades.


Arquivos complementares



poa_app_2020_pol.gpkg - Delimitação das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes de Porto Alegre, utilizadas para fazer cruzamentos.

poa_bairros_lc12112_2016_pol.gpkg - Delimitação dos bairros de Porto Alegre, conforme Lei Municipal 12.112/2016.


Metodologia de coleta dos dados

Para a identificação dos condomínios residenciais fechados, realizou-se uma varredura visual no território de Porto Alegre com o auxílio de imagens de satélite do Google Earth (fevereiro de 2022). Em seguida, com a ajuda de uma camada shapefile de cercas e muros fornecida pela Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (PMPA), os condomínios foram demarcados. A existência deles foi confirmada usando o Google Street View (com imagens de janeiro de 2019).

Definição de condomínios fechados utilizada

Para a identificação dos condomínios, a pesquisa utilizou a definição de enclaves residenciais fortificados de Teresa Caldeira (2000, 258), que os descreve como empreendimentos "de uso privado, murados ou cercados, e voltados para o interior, e não em direção à rua".

Com base nessa conceituação, foram adotados os seguintes critérios específicos:





Condomínios horizontais: Conjuntos de duas ou mais casas não voltadas diretamente para as vias públicas, mas para pátios ou ruas internas ao espaço murado.




Condomínios verticais: Conjuntos de dois ou mais prédios murados e com características formais semelhantes, com altura acima de quatro andares.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17023732
title: Condomínios residenciais fechados de Porto Alegre–RS: Localização, delimitação e características
title: Gated Residential Communities in Porto Alegre–RS: Location, Delineation, and Characteristics

description: Este banco de dados fornece a delimitação, localização e características dos condomínios fechados de Porto Alegre-RS, para estudos de segregação socioespacial e planejamento urbano.

Os dados aqui apresentados foram analisados no artigo de Faccin, Almeida e Campos (2024), publicado em 2024 na revista PosFauusp.

Arquivos



poa_condominios_2022_pol.gpkg - Camada Geopackage com a delimitação e atributos dos condomínios fechados.

poa_condominios_dados.csv - Atributos dos condomínios fechados em formato tabular.

poa_condominios_dicionario.csv - Dicionário de dados que descreve cada coluna dos arquivos .gpkg e .csv, com suas definições e unidades.


Arquivos complementares



poa_app_2020_pol.gpkg - Delimitação das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes de Porto Alegre, utilizadas para fazer cruzamentos.

poa_bairros_lc12112_2016_pol.gpkg - Delimitação dos bairros de Porto Alegre, conforme Lei Municipal 12.112/2016.


Metodologia de coleta dos dados

Para a identificação dos condomínios residenciais fechados, realizou-se uma varredura visual no território de Porto Alegre com o auxílio de imagens de satélite do Google Earth (fevereiro de 2022). Em seguida, com a ajuda de uma camada shapefile de cercas e muros fornecida pela Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (PMPA), os condomínios foram demarcados. A existência deles foi confirmada usando o Google Street View (com imagens de janeiro de 2019).

Definição de condomínios fechados utilizada

Para a identificação dos condomínios, a pesquisa utilizou a definição de enclaves residenciais fortificados de Teresa Caldeira (2000, 258), que os descreve como empreendimentos "de uso privado, murados ou cercados, e voltados para o interior, e não em direção à rua".

Com base nessa conceituação, foram adotados os seguintes critérios específicos:





Condomínios horizontais: Conjuntos de duas ou mais casas não voltadas diretamente para as vias públicas, mas para pátios ou ruas internas ao espaço murado.




Condomínios verticais: Conjuntos de dois ou mais prédios murados e com características formais semelhantes, com altura acima de quatro andares.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hr8zw9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 443 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Geranium robertianum",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 443 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024321-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g7sfrw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cochlodinium polykrikoides",
 "Country is United Arab Emirates",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024323-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9p9wdq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cochlodinium polykrikoides",
 "Country is Ukraine",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024322-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zq37bg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 915 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Aeschynanthus acuminatus",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 915 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024324-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.17950.40000
title: Iranian Brief ICF Core Sets for CY with CP Cultural Validation
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/13192491
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2f3r9k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium aureolum",
 "Country is France",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024326-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.67tj8a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium aureolum",
 "Country is Ukraine",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024327-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9f62jw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium aureolum",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024325-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pc8tzb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 141 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Conandron ramondioides",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 141 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024328-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.31372.17282
title: Iranian Comprehensive ICF Core Set for CY with CP Cultural Validation
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ntwa5y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 52973 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Opheodrys vernalis, Chelydra serpentina, Anolis carolinensis, Lampropeltis gentilis, Heterodon nasicus, Lampropeltis triangulum, Farancia abacura, Crotalus horridus, Masticophis flagellum, Nerodia fasciata, Nerodia cyclopion, Regina grahamii, Carphophis vermis, Heterodon platirhinos, Sceloporus undulatus, Sistrurus miliarius, Nerodia rhombifer, Opheodrys aestivus, Thamnophis sirtalis, Aspidoscelis sexlineatus, Lampropeltis holbrooki, Tantilla nigriceps, Plestiodon fasciatus, Plestiodon inexpectatus, Macrochelys temminckii, Rena dissecta, Thamnophis butleri, Pantherophis emoryi, Plestiodon anthracinus, Lampropeltis elapsoides, Cemophora coccinea, Pantherophis vulpinus)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-97.2294 48.99333, -97.2294 35.9897, -80.52 35.9897, -80.52 42.32473, -80.52 49.3717, -97.2294 49.3717, -97.2294 48.99333))",
 {
 "or" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than 1000",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is null"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 52973 records from 40 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024315-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.upmwxw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium fuscum",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024330-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5eq62u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1125 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Hemiboea bicornuta",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1125 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024331-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fn3u5r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 52 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium uberrimum",
 "Country is Ukraine",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 52 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024339-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17216355
title: Ushuaia Landsat 2004-2013-2024

description: Imagenes Landsat de Ushuaia en los años 2004-2013-2024
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d3hfmp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium uberrimum",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024337-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zr747c
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 11 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Gymnodinium uberrimum",
 "Country is Türkiye",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 11 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024338-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.428h9m
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2508 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "TaxonKey is Graptemys pseudogeographica"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2508 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024340-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rysbqf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 482 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Paraboea swinhoei",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 482 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024341-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d65ehc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024342-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mxgwmy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024343-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5bbg44
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca",
 "Country is Ukraine",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024344-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kzv5bn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 661 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Rhynchoglossum obliquum",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 661 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024345-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3886/e238425
title: Gender Attitudes Among FARC Ex-Combatants

description: This dataset draws heavily from the World Values Survey (Wave 7) and extends that questionnaire and many of its questions on gendered attitudes to a heretofore unsurveyed segment of the population: ex-combatants of the Colombian FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia).
DOI: 10.3886/e238425v1
title: Gender Attitudes Among FARC Ex-Combatants

description: This dataset draws heavily from the World Values Survey (Wave 7) and extends that questionnaire and many of its questions on gendered attitudes to a heretofore unsurveyed segment of the population: ex-combatants of the Colombian FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x3zuey
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Peridinium quinquecorne",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024346-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.txentx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Peridinium quinquecorne",
 "Country is Sweden",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024347-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kjujxe
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1243 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Rhynchotechum discolor",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1243 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024348-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3s8t9c
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 45 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Scrippsiella trochoidea",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 45 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024349-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.z5dpjz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Scrippsiella trochoidea",
 "Country is Oman",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024351-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nr3n6k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Scrippsiella trochoidea",
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024350-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kkn76p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 429 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Titanotrichum oldhamii",
 "Geometry POLYGON((119.300000 20.500000, 122.100000 20.500000, 122.100000 25.400000, 119.300000 25.400000, 119.300000 20.500000))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 429 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0024352-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.