DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16761121
title: Dataset for the article "Opto-Electronic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles and Antibodies Self-Assembled on Boron-Doped Carbon Nanowalls "

description: Dataset for the article "Opto-Electronic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles and Antibodies Self-Assembled on Boron-Doped Carbon Nanowalls "

Jaroslav Kuliček, Michello Dzelu, Alexander Kromka, Michal Sobaszek, Miroslaw Sawczak, Robert Bogdanowicz, Bohuslav Rezek

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 16627 Prague, CzechiaInstitute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, CzechiaGdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandInstitute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera St. 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland

Figure 1. SEM images recorded in SE regime for BCNW samples: a) Ax2700, b) Ax2809, c) Ax2706, and d) Ax2972.Figure 2. SEM images recorded in SE mode (upper row) and BSE mode (lower row) for BCNW functionalized by AuNPs after rinsing with water: a) and c) Ax2809 - spherical AuNPs, b) and d) Ax2972- cubic AuNPs.Figure 3. SEM images recorded in SE mode (upper row) and BSE mode (lower row) for BCNW functionalized by AuNPs and immobilized with antibody and antigen: a) and c) Ax2809 - spherical AuNPs, b) and d) Ax2972- cubic AuNPs.Figure.4: Time-resolved WF measurement in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2972: a) pristine, b) functionalized with cubic AuNPs, c) after rinsing with water, and d) after immobilization with biomolecules.Figure 5. Spatial resolved WF and SPV measurements in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2972 a) pristine in dark, b) pristine under light, c) pristine SPV; d) after AuNPs deposition in dark, e) after AuNPs deposition under illumination, f) after AuNPs deposition SPV; g) after rinsing with water in dark, h) after rinsing with water under light, i) after rinsing with water SPV; j) immobilzed with biomolecules in the dark, k) immobilzed with biomolecules under light, l) immobilzed with biomolecules SPV.Figure 6. The figure shows trends of average a) WF and b) SPV values for four BCNW samples Ax2700, Ax2809, Ax2972, and Ax2706 at various stages of surface modification: pristine BCNW (black squares), after AuNP deposition (red circles), after rinsing with water (blue triangles), and after biomolecules immobilization (green inverted triangles).

Figure S1. SEM images recorded in SE regime for BCNW samples modified by AuNP: a) Ax2700, b) Ax2809, c) Ax2706, and d) Ax2972. SEM images for BCNW modified by AuNP recorded in BSE regime e) Ax2700, f) Ax2809, g) Ax2706, and h) Ax2972. Samples Ax2706 and Ax2809 are modified with commercial spherical AuNP, and Ax2700 and Ax2972 with cubic AuNP.Figure S2. SEM images recorded in SE mode (upper row) and BSE mode (lower row) for BCNW functionalized by AuNPs after rinsing with water: a) and c) Ax2706 - spherical AuNPs, b) and d) Ax2700- cubic AuNPs.Figure S3. SEM images recorded in SE mode (upper row) and BSE mode (lower row) for BCNW functionalized by AuNPs after rinsing with water and immobilization with antibody and antigen: a) and c) Ax2706 - spherical AuNPs, b) and d) Ax2700- cubic AuNPs.Figure S4. Time-resolved WF measurement in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2700: a) pristine, b) functionalized with cubic AuNPs, c) after rinsing with water, and d) after immobilization with biomolecules.Figure S5. Time-resolved WF measurement in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2706: a) pristine, b) functionalized with spherical AuNPs, c) after rinsing with water, and d) after immobilization with biomolecules.Figure S6. Time-resolved WF measurement in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2809: a) pristine, b) functionalized with spherical AuNPs, c) after rinsing with water, and d) after immobilization with biomolecules.Figure S7. Spatial resolved WF and SPV measurements in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2700 a) pristine in dark, b) pristine under light, c) pristine SPV; d) after AuNPs deposition in dark, e) after AuNPs deposition under illumination, f) after AuNPs deposition SPV; g) after rinsing with water in dark, h) after rinsing with water under light, i) after rinsing with water SPV; j) immobilzed with biomolecules in the dark, k) immobilzed with biomolecules under light, l) immobilzed with biomolecules SPV.Figure S8. Spatial resolved WF and SPV measurements in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2706 a) pristine in dark, b) pristine under light, c) pristine SPV; d) after AuNPs deposition in dark, e) after AuNPs deposition under illumination, f) after AuNPs deposition SPV; g) after rinsing with water in dark, h) after rinsing with water under light, i) after rinsing with water SPV; j) immobilzed with biomolecules in the dark, k) immobilzed with biomolecules under light, l) immobilzed with biomolecules SPV.Figure S9. Spatial resolved WF and SPV measurements in the dark and under illumination for BCNW sample Ax2809 a) pristine in dark, b) pristine under light, c) pristine SPV; d) after AuNPs deposition in dark, e) after AuNPs deposition under illumination, f) after AuNPs deposition SPV; g) after rinsing with water in dark, h) after rinsing with water under light, i) after rinsing with water SPV; j) immobilzed with biomolecules in the dark, k) immobilzed with biomolecules under light, l) immobilzed with biomolecules SPV.

Abstract:In this work, we thus explore the integration of BNCWs with AuNPs and their subsequent interaction with biomolecules, namely Recombinant Human ACE2 Protein (Antibody) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD His-tag Protein (Antigen), aiming to investigate the potential of the BNCW-AuNP platform in electro-opto-chemical biosensing applications. The BNCWs were grown on (100) silicon substrates using a microwave plasma CVD process with various process parameters: diborane (B2H6) 2000-4000 ppm, temperature 800-900 °C, methane 8-12% and growth time 3h. As AuNPs, we used standard colloidal 20 nm particles (Sigma-Aldrich) and custom cubic AuNPs made in our labs. We have applied characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM SE/BSE) and Raman to study morphology, scanning Kelvin probe system (SKP) to analyze work function (WF) levels, and surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements under a broad band illumination by solar simulator. We have observed that the AuNPs bind and decorate spontaneously the top edges of BNCWs, with water rinsing improving AuNP spatial distribution and removing residues from colloidal solutions. Adsorption of antibodies enhanced the samples' stability, likely due to the additional binding effects provided by the biomolecules. As for electronic properties, the initial value of WF (5.2-5.4 eV) decreased significantly by 0.3-0.6 eV to 4.65-4.85 eV after AuNPs binding. Interestingly, after biomolecular adsorption, the WF decreased or increased by 0.05-0.3 eV, depending on the type of BNCW sample, correlated with different morphologies of the BNCW samples observed by SEM and Raman. Also, the SPV response exhibited changes in magnitude and polarity (± 20 mV) after deposition of AuNPs and modification by biomolecules.

Keywords: BCNW, AuNP, electronic properties, SARS-CoV-2 antigen, biosensors