DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27258242.v1
title: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement and the value of increasing treatment for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: a plain language summary

description: What is this summary about? This article summarizes an <b>economic evaluation</b> of <b>transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)</b>, a treatment for <b>severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (SSAS)</b>. SSAS occurs when the <b>aortic valve</b>, which allows blood to leave the heart, becomes very narrow. This reduces blood flow to the body, causing symptoms like tiredness, chest pain, dizziness, or fainting. Treating SSAS requires replacing the valve. Untreated SSAS results in heart failure and death. Before TAVR, SSAS patients had two options, <b>medical management</b> and <b>surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)</b>. Medical management helps with symptoms but does not replace the valve, leading patients to eventually die from SSAS. SAVR replaces the valve through open-heart surgery, which is invasive, involving making a large cut through the chest bone. Concerns about this invasiveness led many patients to avoid SAVR, leaving their SSAS untreated. TAVR was introduced in 2010. It is less invasive than SAVR, involving inserting a new valve through a small cut in the leg. TAVR has become popular and twice as many patients now undergo TAVR compared to SAVR. We measure TAVR’s net benefits as the value of its health benefits minus its healthcare costs. We measure these net benefits in three patient groups aged 65 and above in the United States. Group 1 patients are ineligible for SAVR, so TAVR is their only treatment option. Group 2 patients would have received SAVR if TAVR were not available. Group 3 patients are eligible for SAVR but concerned about its invasiveness, and so would have stayed untreated without TAVR. Economic evaluation: A type of study that measures the benefits and costs of a treatment like TAVR and judges whether the benefits are sufficiently large to justify the costs (or put another way, whether the technology represents good value-for-money). <b>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR):</b> Replacement of the aortic valve in SSAS patients using a thin tube called a catheter that enters the body through a small cut near the leg and delivers and installs a valve replacement. New treatment option for SSAS from 2010 onwards. A minimally invasive treatment. <b>Aortic stenosis (AS):</b> A heart condition where a heart valve called the aortic valve becomes very narrow, forcing the heart to work harder and limiting blood flow to the rest of the body. <b>Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis (SSAS):</b> Severe form of AS when the narrowing of the aortic valve is significant and accompanied by symptoms like fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting. What were the key takeaways? Net benefits per patient are significant in all groups, roughly equal in groups 1 and 2, and over six times larger in group 3. When net benefits are added up across patients, group 3’s total net benefit is 30 times larger than that of groups 1 and 2 combined. What are the main conclusions? Past studies ignored TAVR’s value in helping treat patients who might go untreated because of concerns over SAVR’s invasiveness. But this is TAVR’s largest value to SSAS patients. Our findings support continuing and increasing access to TAVR among SSAS patients, especially those who may go untreated because of concerns about invasive treatment. Aortic valve: One of the four heart valves. It connects the left side of the heart with the aorta, which is the large artery carrying oxygen-rich blood to the body. The aortic valve controls blood flow into the aorta, ensuring it moves in one direction. Medical management (MM): Involves medication and monitoring of SSAS patients but no treatment in the form of valve replacement. Associated with high risk of death. <b>Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR):</b> Replacement of the aortic valve in SSAS patients through open heart surgery. The sole treatment option for SSAS before 2010. A highly invasive treatment given its use of open-heart surgery. <b>This is an abstract of the Plain Language Summary of Publication article.</b> View the full Plain Language Summary PDF of this article to read the full-text Link to original article here