DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86rh
title: Data from: Phenotypic and developmental dissection of an instance of the island rule

description: Organismal body weight correlates with morphology, life history,
 physiology, and behavior, making it perhaps the most telling single
 indicator of an organism’s evolutionary and ecological profile. Island
 populations provide an exceptional opportunity to study body weight
 evolution. In accord with the “island rule,” insular small-bodied
 vertebrates often evolve larger sizes, whereas insular large-bodied
 vertebrates evolve smaller sizes. To understand how island populations
 evolve extreme sizes, we adopted a developmental perspective and compared
 a suite of traits with established connections to body size in the world’s
 largest wild house mice from Gough Island and mice from a smaller-bodied
 mainland strain. We pinpoint 24-hour periods during the third and fifth
 week of age in which Gough mice gain exceptionally more weight than
 mainland mice. We show that Gough mice accumulate more visceral fat
 beginning early in postnatal development. During a burst of weight gain,
 Gough mice shift toward carbohydrates and away from fat as fuel, despite
 being more active than and consuming equivalent amounts of food as
 mainland mice. Our findings showcase the value of developmental phenotypic
 characterization for discovering how body weight evolves in the context of
 broader patterns of trait evolution.
description: # Data from: Phenotypic and developmental dissection of an instance of the
 island rule
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86rh](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86rh) ## Description of the data and file structure Data tables owner: Mark Nolte; [mjnolte@wisc.edu](mailto:mjnolte@wisc.edu). Data collection period: 2019-2021. Associated publication: Phenotypic and Developmental Dissection of an Instance of the Island Rule. Project description: Assessment and comparison of body growth in two house mouse strains, Gough island and WSB/EiJ, across postnatal development to discover phenotypic markers that are causes or consequences of the Island Rule. Results presented in "Phenotypic and Developmental Dissection of an Instance of the Island Rule" are sourced from five data sets: Organismal weight; Organ weight; Plasma analytes; Histology-immunohistochemistry; and Indirect calorimetry/activity. Organismal weight data tables include the following: female_daily_weights.csv male_daily_weights.csv Organ weight data tables include the following: MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_wOutliers_2024.csv MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Outliers_2024.csv MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_2024.csv Plasma analytes data tables include the following: plasma_analyte_replicates.csv plasma_analyte_averages.csv Histology-immunohistochemistry data tables include the following: fat_40x_Ki67_pos_score_data.csv fat_new_40x_phh3_pos_score_data.csv liver_20x_Ki67_pos_score_data.csv liver_20x_PHH3_pos_score_data.csv v2_cell_div_mean_se_master_strain_sex_time_added.csv Indirect calorimetry/activity data tables include the following (Note: f = female; m = male; G2 = Gough Island mice; WSB = WSB/EiJ mice): Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv Exp_fG2_15664_15668_060920_mod.csv Exp_fG2_16066_16068_071420_mod.csv Exp_042320_fWSB_15132_15133_mod.csv Exp_fWSB_15303_15304_050920_mod.csv Exp_fWSB_15451_15453_052120_mod.csv Exp_fWSB_15739_15741_061820_mod.csv Exp_fWSB_17967_17968_111220_mod.csv Exp_mG2_16284_16287_073020_mod.csv Exp_mG2_16453_16458_080820_mod.csv Exp_mG2_16781_16782_090220_mod.csv Exp_mWSB_17067_17068_092320_mod.csv Exp_mWSB_17251_17252_100120_mod.csv Exp_mWSB_17373_17375_100920_mod.csv Exp_mWSB_17511_17512_101720_mod Exp_G2_m15939_f15940_070320_mod Exp_mixG2_m16185_f16193_072220_mod Processing and statistical analyses of data tables are described in the "Methods and Materials" section of publication "Phenotypic and Developmental Dissection of an Instance of the Island Rule." ### Files and variables (All missing values are coded as "NA".) #### File: MNolte\_Payseur\_Organ\_Master\_2024.csv **Description:** organ and body weights used in Figures 1 and 2. ##### Variables * id: individual mouse ID * sex: sex of mouse * strain: research colony strain name * popular_strain: layperson strain name #1 * general_strain: layperson strain name #2 * dob_mdy: mouse date of birth; month-day-year * dam: female parent of mouse id * sire: male parent of mouse id * parturition: parturition (of dam x sire) number for mouse id * litter_size: litter size for mouse id * sib_wt_order: ranked weight order for mouse id * cage_code_num: research colony cage number for indexing * cage_code_char: research colony cage code for indexing * m_per_cage: number of total mice that mouse id was housed with * cohort: age cohort of mouse id: either week 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 14 * wk2: body weight for mouse id in cohort 2 * wk3: body weight for mouse id in cohort 3 * wk4: body weight for mouse id in cohort 4 * wk5: body weight for mouse id in cohort 5 * wk6: body weight for mouse id in cohort 6 * wk14: body weight for mouse id in cohort 14 * wt_collapsed: column that contains all body weights, regardless of cohort, for mice in study * collect_date: date of mouse id sacrifice/euthanasia * fast_start: time at which fasting began * euth_time: time of euthanasia * pancreas: weight in grams * mfat: mesenteric fat; weight in grams * pancreas_mfat: combined pancreas and mesenteric fat; weight in grams * liver: weight in grams * gad: gonadal fat; weight in grams * rpfat: retroperitoneal fat; weight in grams * subq: subcutaneous fat; weight in grams * bfat: scapular brown fat; weight in grams * quad: quadriceps; weight in grams * calf: triceps surae; weight in grams * brain: weight in grams * intestine: length in centimeters * finish_time: time at completion of organ collection/end of dissection #### File: MNolte\_Payseur\_Organ\_Master\_wOutliers\_2024.csv **Description and Variables:** same data as found in MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_2024.csv with outliers removed. All variables have the same definitions as found in MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_2024.csv. Method of outlier detection and removal described in Materials and Methods of published text. #### File: fat\_new\_40x\_phh3\_pos\_score\_data.csv **Description:**  ##### Variables * sample: mouse ID from which organ sample was collected (f = female; m = male; 15/30/32 = postnatal day on which organ was collected) * cell_region: nucleus (we were only interested in nuclear staining) * stain: antibody stain for immunohistochemistry * positivity: percent of total nuclei positive for the antibody stain (see Methods and Materials of published text) * tissue_area: 100% - indicates that the entire image taken from the microscope was used in the detection of antibody-positive nuclei. * num_of_cells: number of cells detected in the field of view of the microscopic image. * positivity_threshold: empirically determined antibody stain detection threshold (see Methods and Materials of published text) #### File: liver\_20x\_PHH3\_pos\_score\_data.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in fat_new_40x_phh3_pos_score_data.csv. #### File: liver\_20x\_Ki67\_pos\_score\_data.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in fat_new_40x_phh3_pos_score_data.csv. #### File: Exp\_042820\_fG2\_15234\_15236\_mod.csv **Description:** TSE Systems, LabMaster software output from PhenoMaster calo-cage system. ##### Variables * Date: date of experimental record * Time: time of experimental record * Animal: mouse ID * Strain: mouse strain * Sex: female or male * Box: box = PhenoMaster cage; two mice were tested simultaneously, one each in box1 or box 2 * S_Flow: standard flow * Ref_O2: reference O2 (external gas cylinder) * Ref_CO2: (external gas cylinder) * Flow: flow per box * Temp: temperature (C) * O2: concentration values * CO2: concentration values * dO2: difference in O2 values (reference - box) * dCO2: difference in CO2 values (box - reference) * VO2_1: O2 consumption, box 1 * VO2_2: O2 consumption, box 2 * VO2_3: O2 consumption, box 3 (control box; no mouse) * VCO2_1: CO2 production, box 1 * VCO2_2: CO2 production, box 2 * VCO2_3: CO2 production, box 3 (control box; no mouse) * RER: respiratory exchange rate * H_1: heat production, box 1 * H_2: heat production, box 2 * H_3: heat production, box 3 (control box; no mouse) * XT_YT: XT + YT * XT: total X-beam interruptions (XA + XF) * XA: X-beam counts, ambulatory; two consecutive and different light beams interrupted * XF: X-beam counts, fine movement; two interruptions in succession of a single light beam * YT: total X-beam interruptions (YA + YF) * YA: Y-beam counts, ambulatory; two consecutive and different light beams interrupted * YF: Y-beam counts, fine movement; two interruptions in succession of a single light beam * CenT: total central light beam counts (not used in study) * CenA: light beam interruption counts, central ambulatory movement (not used in study) * CenF: light beam interruption counts, central fine movement (not used in study) * PerT: total peripheral light beam counts (not used in study) * PerA: light beam interruption counts, peripheral ambulatory movement (not used in study) * PerF: light beam interruption counts, peripheral fine movement (not used in study) * DistK: cumulative distance (not used in study) * DistD: differential distance (not used in study) * Speed: not used in study * Drink: in mL * Feed: in grams * Weight: in grams * Right: number of wheel rotations to the right * Left: number of wheel rotations to the left * SumRL: Right + Left (wheel rotations) * SumTime: total time mouse spent in the wheel * SumRuns: total number of run episodes; threshold set by user (see Methods and Materials of publication) * MaxSpeed: Maximum speed within predetermined time interval (not used in study) * AvgSpeed: average speed over all run episodes (not used in study) * MaxLen: longest individual duration of a run episode (see Methods and Materials of publication) #### File: Exp\_042320\_fWSB\_15132\_15133\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: MNolte\_Payseur\_Organ\_Outliers\_2024.xlsx **Description:** Use table in conjunction with MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_2024.csv and MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_wOutliers_2024.csv. See Methods and Materials from accompanying publication for description of outlier removal. This table is a record of the outliers removed from MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_wOutliers_2024.csv to convert it into MNolte_Payseur_Organ_Master_2024.csv #### File: Exp\_fG2\_15664\_15668\_060920\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: fat\_40x\_Ki67\_pos\_score\_data.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in fat_new_40x_phh3_pos_score_data.csv. #### File: Exp\_fG2\_16066\_16068\_071420\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_fWSB\_15451\_15453\_052120\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_fWSB\_15303\_15304\_050920\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: v2\_cell\_div\_mean\_se\_master\_strain\_sex\_time\_added.csv **Description:**  ##### Variables * sample_split: mouse ID from which organ sample was collected (f = female; m = male; 15/30/32 = postnatal day on which organ was collected) * sex: female, male * timepoint: postnatal day 15, 30, 32 * timepoint_combined: early (= 15 days postbirth), late (= 30/32 days postbirth) * strain: mouse strain names (uppercase letters) * strain_lower: mouse strain names (lowercase letters) * strain_general: layperson strain names * strain_popular: layperson strain names * organ: liver, gonadal fat * antibody: ki67, phh3 * weight: weight = average antibody staining positivity across microscopic images from one sample (sample_split) * sd: standard deviation * count: number of images per sample (sample_split) * se: standard error of the mean #### File: Exp\_fWSB\_17967\_17968\_111220\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mG2\_16453\_16458\_080820\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_fWSB\_15739\_15741\_061820\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_G2\_m15939\_f15940\_070320\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mWSB\_17067\_17068\_092320\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mixG2\_m16185\_f16193\_072220\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mWSB\_17251\_17252\_100120\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mWSB\_17373\_17375\_100920\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mG2\_16284\_16287\_073020\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mWSB\_17511\_17512\_101720\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: Exp\_mG2\_16781\_16782\_090220\_mod.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in Exp_042820_fG2_15234_15236_mod.csv. #### File: female\_daily\_weights.csv **Description:**  ##### Variables * ID: mouse ID * Sex: female, male * DOB: date of birth of mouse ID * Sire_ID: male parent of mouse ID * Dam_ID: female parent of mouse ID * Parturition: parturition (of dam x sire) number for mouse id * Littersize: litter size for mouse ID * Wean_cagemates: number of weaned littermates of mouse ID * Mouseline: mouse strain name * Strain_general: layperson strain names * Strain_popular: layperson strain names * Strain_popular_general: layperson strain names * Filial_Generation: inbreeding filial generation (F = filial generation) * Generation: inbreeding filial generation * day0: weight in grams * day1: weight in grams * day2: weight in grams * day3: weight in grams * day4: weight in grams * day5: weight in grams * day6: weight in grams * day7: weight in grams * day8: weight in grams * day9: weight in grams * day10: weight in grams * day11: weight in grams * day12: weight in grams * day13: weight in grams * day14: weight in grams * day15: weight in grams * day16: weight in grams * day17: weight in grams * day18: weight in grams * day19: weight in grams * day20: weight in grams * day21: weight in grams * day22: weight in grams * day23: weight in grams * day24: weight in grams * day25: weight in grams * day26: weight in grams * day27: weight in grams * day28: weight in grams * day29: weight in grams * day30: weight in grams * day31: weight in grams * day32: weight in grams * day33: weight in grams * day34: weight in grams * day35: weight in grams * day36: weight in grams * day37: weight in grams * day38: weight in grams * day39: weight in grams * day40: weight in grams * day41: weight in grams * day42: weight in grams #### File: male\_daily\_weights.csv **Description and Variables:** All variables have the same definitions as found in female_daily_weights.csv. #### File: plasma\_analyte\_averages.csv **Description:** record of average of two replicates for each sample and analyte assay after outliers were removed. (see Methods and Materials of accompanying publication.) ##### Variables * strain: mouse strain * ID: mouse ID * cohort: weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 14 (wk = week) * sex: female, male * date_collection: date plasma was collected * assay: analyte measured (see Methods and Materials of accompanying publication) * assay_value: analyte concentration * cohort_number_only: weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 14 * ID_cohort_assay: combination of mouse ID, cohort, and analyte assay for indexing * outlier_absval_sig1min2: FALSE = not an outlier when absolute value-measure 1 - absolute value measure2 (see Methods and Materials of accompanying publication) * season: Fall 2017, Spring 2018 * outlier_boxplot: FALSE = not an outlier when box plot outliers assessed (see Methods and Materials of accompanying publication) #### File: plasma\_analyte\_replicates.csv **Description:** record of "raw" analyte concentrations - each sample was measured twice (two replicates/sample). ##### Variables * strain: mouse strain * ID: mouse ID (or litter ID for 1-week-old pups) * cohort: weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 14 (wk = week) * sex: female, male * sample: internal code used in assay tracking * assay: plasma analyte measured * signal1: measurement, first replicate * signal2: measurement, second replicate * sd: standard deviation * cv_percent: intra-assay precision values, calculated as the mean percent coefficient of variation * cv_bplx_corrected: corrected mean percent coefficient of variation (bplx = bioplex) * abs_sig_diff: absolute value of the difference between signal1 and signal2 * cohort_number_only: weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 14 ## Code/software Data tables can be viewed in any text editor (e.g. Notepad ++), tabular data reader (free or otherwise), or loaded into R software (R version 4.3.1).