cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245122
title: Fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silages with macaúba cake

description: ABSTRACT. The elephant grass presents problems during the fermentation of the ensiled material, being necessary use of additives. This study aimed to evaluate the population of yeast and filamentous fungi, enterobacterias, contents of acetic and butyric acids and ethanol production, in elephant grass silages added with different levels of macaúba cake at opening times. This was a 3 x 6 factorial completely randomized experimental design, with three inclusion levels of the macaúba cake (0, 10 and 20%) and six opening times (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 days after ensiling), with four replications. For all the studied variables, there was a difference in the interaction among levels and times, and an increasing linear behavior only for the contents of acetic acid, for the other variables, the behavior was quadratic. The elephant grass silages produced acetic acid, which in turn inhibited the production of yeast and filamentous fungi. There was a small development of enterobacterias only in the first opening times, and low production of butyric acid and ethanol, which indicated a material with good fermentative characteristics. The macaúba cake contributed to improve the anaerobic fermentation process, but it was not as expressive for the parameters evaluated in this work.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245122.v1
title: Fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silages with macaúba cake

description: ABSTRACT. The elephant grass presents problems during the fermentation of the ensiled material, being necessary use of additives. This study aimed to evaluate the population of yeast and filamentous fungi, enterobacterias, contents of acetic and butyric acids and ethanol production, in elephant grass silages added with different levels of macaúba cake at opening times. This was a 3 x 6 factorial completely randomized experimental design, with three inclusion levels of the macaúba cake (0, 10 and 20%) and six opening times (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 days after ensiling), with four replications. For all the studied variables, there was a difference in the interaction among levels and times, and an increasing linear behavior only for the contents of acetic acid, for the other variables, the behavior was quadratic. The elephant grass silages produced acetic acid, which in turn inhibited the production of yeast and filamentous fungi. There was a small development of enterobacterias only in the first opening times, and low production of butyric acid and ethanol, which indicated a material with good fermentative characteristics. The macaúba cake contributed to improve the anaerobic fermentation process, but it was not as expressive for the parameters evaluated in this work.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245098
title: Corn grain processing improves chemical composition and fermentative profile of rehydrated silage

description: ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effects of the rehydration and ensiling of corn grain with two geometric mean diameters (GMD) of 0.55 and 1.83 mm obtained by the diameter of the sieved used on the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of the silage. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and six replications, as follows: rehydrated fine-corn grain silage (RFS) and rehydrated coarse-corn grain silage (RCS). Ground corn was rehydrated with water to achieve moisture levels close to 350 g kg-1. There was no effect on the dry matter recovery, though the recovery rate was high, with values greater than 97% in both silages. The particle size influenced the fiber content, with lower values in the RFS. The acetic and lactic acid concentrations were higher in the RFS, but the pH of the silages did not change. Oxygen exposure changed the pH of silages to 4.25 and 4.38 for RFS and RCS, respectively. After opening the silos, the silages showed high aerobic stability after 90 hours, which resulted in lower deterioration and lesser loss of quality. The geometric mean diameter of corn grain affects the silage fermentative profile and nutritional value.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245098.v1
title: Corn grain processing improves chemical composition and fermentative profile of rehydrated silage

description: ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effects of the rehydration and ensiling of corn grain with two geometric mean diameters (GMD) of 0.55 and 1.83 mm obtained by the diameter of the sieved used on the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of the silage. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and six replications, as follows: rehydrated fine-corn grain silage (RFS) and rehydrated coarse-corn grain silage (RCS). Ground corn was rehydrated with water to achieve moisture levels close to 350 g kg-1. There was no effect on the dry matter recovery, though the recovery rate was high, with values greater than 97% in both silages. The particle size influenced the fiber content, with lower values in the RFS. The acetic and lactic acid concentrations were higher in the RFS, but the pH of the silages did not change. Oxygen exposure changed the pH of silages to 4.25 and 4.38 for RFS and RCS, respectively. After opening the silos, the silages showed high aerobic stability after 90 hours, which resulted in lower deterioration and lesser loss of quality. The geometric mean diameter of corn grain affects the silage fermentative profile and nutritional value.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245107
title: Chemical-bromatological composition and in vitro ruminal kinetics of sugar cane silage with maniçoba

description: ABSTRACT. The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of maniçoba supplementation in sugar cane silage with respect to chemical-bromatological composition and the in vitro degradation kinetics of the silage. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (maniçoba levels: 0, 20, 30, and 40%) and six repetitions. Silage samples were analyzed for their chemical-bromatological composition, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, total digestible nutrients, in vitro gas production and degradability parameters. The silage with higher inclusion level had better bromatological composition (p &lt; 0.05) than the silage without maniçoba for CP, NDF, ADF and MM (6.49, 56.64, 38.66 and 4.52% versus 2.21, 70.96, 49.95 and 2.78%). Higher ME content (2.35 MJ kg-1 MS versus 1.85 MJ kg-1 MS), DE (2.87 Mcal kg-1 MS versus 2.25 Mcal kg-1 MS) and TDN (65.16% versus 51.11%), respectively. The highest values for gas production were also observed in silage with added maniçoba due to higher NFC content (34.87%). With an increase in the proportion of maniçoba, there was an increase in the soluble a fraction, b fraction, and thus a higher effective degradability of dry matter (46.56%). The addition of maniçoba improves the nutritive value of sugarcane silage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7245107.v1
title: Chemical-bromatological composition and in vitro ruminal kinetics of sugar cane silage with maniçoba

description: ABSTRACT. The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of maniçoba supplementation in sugar cane silage with respect to chemical-bromatological composition and the in vitro degradation kinetics of the silage. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (maniçoba levels: 0, 20, 30, and 40%) and six repetitions. Silage samples were analyzed for their chemical-bromatological composition, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, total digestible nutrients, in vitro gas production and degradability parameters. The silage with higher inclusion level had better bromatological composition (p &lt; 0.05) than the silage without maniçoba for CP, NDF, ADF and MM (6.49, 56.64, 38.66 and 4.52% versus 2.21, 70.96, 49.95 and 2.78%). Higher ME content (2.35 MJ kg-1 MS versus 1.85 MJ kg-1 MS), DE (2.87 Mcal kg-1 MS versus 2.25 Mcal kg-1 MS) and TDN (65.16% versus 51.11%), respectively. The highest values for gas production were also observed in silage with added maniçoba due to higher NFC content (34.87%). With an increase in the proportion of maniçoba, there was an increase in the soluble a fraction, b fraction, and thus a higher effective degradability of dry matter (46.56%). The addition of maniçoba improves the nutritive value of sugarcane silage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907715
title: Appraisal of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) extract on production performance, internal organs, and gut microflora of japanese quail

description: ABSTRACT. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) extract at 5 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mL L-1 of drinking water) on performance, internal organs and gut microflora of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). The results showed that EP extract decreased feed intake and body weight gain of quails. The feed conversion ratio of quails fed with EP extract at the level of 0.5 ml L-1 drinking water was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Adding EP extract at the levels of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mL L-1 drinking water decreased carcass yield of the birds (p &lt; 0.05). The relative weight of internal organs of the birds fed different levels of EP extract was not significantly different. Birds consumed EP extract at the levels of 1 or 2 mL L-1 drinking water had lower ileal aerobic bacteria population compared to the control group; however, the ileal Coliform population increased by EP extract supplementation (p &lt; 0.05). Results of the present study indicated that using EP extract at the level of 0.5 mL L-1 drinking water could improve feed conversion ratio of quails; however, it decreased the carcass yield of the birds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907715.v1
title: Appraisal of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) extract on production performance, internal organs, and gut microflora of japanese quail

description: ABSTRACT. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) extract at 5 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mL L-1 of drinking water) on performance, internal organs and gut microflora of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). The results showed that EP extract decreased feed intake and body weight gain of quails. The feed conversion ratio of quails fed with EP extract at the level of 0.5 ml L-1 drinking water was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Adding EP extract at the levels of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mL L-1 drinking water decreased carcass yield of the birds (p &lt; 0.05). The relative weight of internal organs of the birds fed different levels of EP extract was not significantly different. Birds consumed EP extract at the levels of 1 or 2 mL L-1 drinking water had lower ileal aerobic bacteria population compared to the control group; however, the ileal Coliform population increased by EP extract supplementation (p &lt; 0.05). Results of the present study indicated that using EP extract at the level of 0.5 mL L-1 drinking water could improve feed conversion ratio of quails; however, it decreased the carcass yield of the birds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907772
title: Brazil nut oil in diets for breeder cocks

description: ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in diets for breeder cocks on performance, semen analyses, biochemical serum profile and testicular morphology. Forty-two Rhode Island Red breeder cocks with 40 weeks of age were used. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of seven levels of Brazil nut oil (0; 0.30; 0.60; 0.90; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80%) in the diets. Data collected were evaluated by polynomial regression. Differences (p &lt; 0.05) were detected in feed conversion, semen volume, motility, vigor, pH, swirling and concentration, in which the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in the diets improved the reproductive performance. Differences (p &lt; 0.05) were also detected in the biochemical serum profile (triglycerides, cholesterol and blood pH); the inclusion of Brazil nut oil caused a large increase in blood triglycerides and cholesterol levels, consequently, changing the blood pH. The Brazil nut oil can be used as an energetic additive in diets given to breeder cocks, promoting better reproductive performance, without changing semen and testicular morphology, but altering the biochemical serum profile of the birds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907772.v1
title: Brazil nut oil in diets for breeder cocks

description: ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in diets for breeder cocks on performance, semen analyses, biochemical serum profile and testicular morphology. Forty-two Rhode Island Red breeder cocks with 40 weeks of age were used. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of seven levels of Brazil nut oil (0; 0.30; 0.60; 0.90; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80%) in the diets. Data collected were evaluated by polynomial regression. Differences (p &lt; 0.05) were detected in feed conversion, semen volume, motility, vigor, pH, swirling and concentration, in which the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in the diets improved the reproductive performance. Differences (p &lt; 0.05) were also detected in the biochemical serum profile (triglycerides, cholesterol and blood pH); the inclusion of Brazil nut oil caused a large increase in blood triglycerides and cholesterol levels, consequently, changing the blood pH. The Brazil nut oil can be used as an energetic additive in diets given to breeder cocks, promoting better reproductive performance, without changing semen and testicular morphology, but altering the biochemical serum profile of the birds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907703
title: Production of laying hens in different rearing systems under hot weather

description: ABSTRACT. The environment is very important for the performance of laying hens; thus, techniques are required to improve production systems, providing better welfare for poultry and consequent increase in the quality of the final product, the egg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rearing system, on the floor and in cage, on the performance and egg internal and external quality of laying hens. A total of 320 Hysex Brown laying hens, with 34-43 weeks days of age, was distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, floor and cage, with 10 replicates each. The parameters evaluated were: individual feed intake, egg production per replicate, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg weight; weight and percentage participation of shell, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, body weight variation and viability of birds. The results show that the birds raised on the floor showed best results as to egg production, besides the best internal and external quality, with greater weight of egg, yolk, albumen, shell and with lower losses of eggs. Because of the negative effects of the cage system, in general, hens presented lower results when compared to results of those raised on the floor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907703.v1
title: Production of laying hens in different rearing systems under hot weather

description: ABSTRACT. The environment is very important for the performance of laying hens; thus, techniques are required to improve production systems, providing better welfare for poultry and consequent increase in the quality of the final product, the egg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rearing system, on the floor and in cage, on the performance and egg internal and external quality of laying hens. A total of 320 Hysex Brown laying hens, with 34-43 weeks days of age, was distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, floor and cage, with 10 replicates each. The parameters evaluated were: individual feed intake, egg production per replicate, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg weight; weight and percentage participation of shell, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, body weight variation and viability of birds. The results show that the birds raised on the floor showed best results as to egg production, besides the best internal and external quality, with greater weight of egg, yolk, albumen, shell and with lower losses of eggs. Because of the negative effects of the cage system, in general, hens presented lower results when compared to results of those raised on the floor.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6504011
title: Performance and carcass yield of female broilers fed with diets containing probiotics and symbiotics as an alternative to growth enhancers

description: ABSTRACT. An experiment was carried out with female broilers, aiming to evaluate the effect of using probiotics and symbiotics on growth performance and yield of carcasses and of the main commercial cuts and edible viscera. A total of 720 one-day-old Cobb chicks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replicates of 30 birds each at a stocking density of 10 birds per square meter (m2). At 42 days old two broilers of each experimental unit were sacrificed to evaluate the carcass yield and its parts. The carcass yield was not affected by the inclusion of probiotics and symbiotics in the diet being equivalent to the antibiotic group. No significant difference was observed among the treatments, even in the controls that did not receive any additive factor. All the performance parameters were similar for the four treatments, with the exception of weight gain, that was significantly lower in probiotic treatment. It was concluded that these additives are important alternative to replace antibiotics as growth enhancers, which have already been banned in many countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6504011.v1
title: Performance and carcass yield of female broilers fed with diets containing probiotics and symbiotics as an alternative to growth enhancers

description: ABSTRACT. An experiment was carried out with female broilers, aiming to evaluate the effect of using probiotics and symbiotics on growth performance and yield of carcasses and of the main commercial cuts and edible viscera. A total of 720 one-day-old Cobb chicks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replicates of 30 birds each at a stocking density of 10 birds per square meter (m2). At 42 days old two broilers of each experimental unit were sacrificed to evaluate the carcass yield and its parts. The carcass yield was not affected by the inclusion of probiotics and symbiotics in the diet being equivalent to the antibiotic group. No significant difference was observed among the treatments, even in the controls that did not receive any additive factor. All the performance parameters were similar for the four treatments, with the exception of weight gain, that was significantly lower in probiotic treatment. It was concluded that these additives are important alternative to replace antibiotics as growth enhancers, which have already been banned in many countries.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992144
title: Immune response, blood parameters and growth performance in broiler fed reduced protein diet supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate and conjugated linoleic acid

description: ABSTRACT. In this experiment a total of 300 d-old broilers (Ross 308) were randomized across 20 floor pens and reared up to 42 d. Treatments includes: 1) A normal-protein diet (NPD) was formulated according to the Ross 308 recommendation (2014) by corn and soybean meal, 2) A reduced-protein diet (RPD) was prepared with dietary protein reduced by 12 g kg-1 (1.2%) relative to the NPD, 3) HMB+ RDP, 4) CLA+RDP and 5) CLA+ HMB+ RDP. The results showed that broilers fed HMB diet had higher Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Feed Conversion Rate (FCR) significantly improved by HMB during the grower or the whole period (p &lt; 0.05). Titer of serum antibodies of Newcastle disease was maximum in treatment supplemented with CLA+HMB compared to the control (RPD) in day 42. In comparison with the control, feeding CLA increased Lymphocyte and decreased heterophil and H/ L ratio (p &lt; 0.05). Insulin hormone secretion increased by dietary HMB (p &lt; 0.05). Red Blood Cells (RBC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly increased by HMB supplemented diet (p &lt; 0.05). It could be concluded that supplementations of HMB and CLA together in reduced-protein diet have positive effect on growth performance, immune system and hematological parameter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6992144.v1
title: Immune response, blood parameters and growth performance in broiler fed reduced protein diet supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate and conjugated linoleic acid

description: ABSTRACT. In this experiment a total of 300 d-old broilers (Ross 308) were randomized across 20 floor pens and reared up to 42 d. Treatments includes: 1) A normal-protein diet (NPD) was formulated according to the Ross 308 recommendation (2014) by corn and soybean meal, 2) A reduced-protein diet (RPD) was prepared with dietary protein reduced by 12 g kg-1 (1.2%) relative to the NPD, 3) HMB+ RDP, 4) CLA+RDP and 5) CLA+ HMB+ RDP. The results showed that broilers fed HMB diet had higher Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Feed Conversion Rate (FCR) significantly improved by HMB during the grower or the whole period (p &lt; 0.05). Titer of serum antibodies of Newcastle disease was maximum in treatment supplemented with CLA+HMB compared to the control (RPD) in day 42. In comparison with the control, feeding CLA increased Lymphocyte and decreased heterophil and H/ L ratio (p &lt; 0.05). Insulin hormone secretion increased by dietary HMB (p &lt; 0.05). Red Blood Cells (RBC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly increased by HMB supplemented diet (p &lt; 0.05). It could be concluded that supplementations of HMB and CLA together in reduced-protein diet have positive effect on growth performance, immune system and hematological parameter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5907883
title: Xylanase - complex efficacy in high-energy diet for bulls finished in feedlot

description: ABSTRACT. Enzymes can be an interesting additive in high energy diets for feedlot cattle. However, literature is inconsistent on this subject. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate animal performance of feedlot bulls receiving high energy diet, composed of a mixture of 85% whole corn grain and 15% protein-mineral-vitamin nucleus, without or with xylanase included in the diets. Diets consisted of: CON - diet without enzymes (Control) and ENZ - diet with enzymes (5 g animal day-1). Thirty-two bulls were used, with an average age of 11 ( 2 months, average initial weight of 365 ( 5 kg, and finished for 119 days in feedlot. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments and eight replications, where each replication was represented by a stall with two animals. ENZ increased the weight gain (1.69 vs. 1.33 kg day-1) and improved the feed conversion (4.60 vs. 6.03 kg-1) in the adaptation period of the animals. Animals receiving ENZ increased 1.65% of carcass yield and were 7.57% more efficient in the conversion of dry matter consumed into carcass gain in relation to CON. Carcass traits of feedlot-finished bulls were not altered by inclusion of enzymes. Xylanase-complex could increase efficiency in feedlot bulls.