DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9ghx3ffrw
title: Data from: Source-sink relationships during grain filling in wheat in response to various temperature, water deficit and nitrogen deficit regimes

description: Grain filling is a critical process for improving crop production under
 adverse conditions caused by climate change. Here, using a quantitative
 method, we quantified post-anthesis source-sink relationships of a large
 data set to assess the contribution of remobilized pre-anthesis
 assimilates to grain growth for both biomass and nitrogen. The data set
 came from 13 years’ semi-controlled field experimentation, in which six
 bread wheat genotypes were grown at plot scale under contrasting
 temperature, water, and nitrogen regimes. On average, grain biomass was
 ~10% higher than post-anthesis aboveground biomass accumulation across
 regimes and genotypes. Overall, the estimated relative contribution (%) of
 remobilized assimilates to grain biomass became increasingly significant
 with increasing stress intensity, ranging from virtually nil to 100%. This
 percentage was altered more by water and nitrogen regimes than by
 temperature, indicating the greater impact of water or nitrogen regimes
 relative to high temperatures under our experimental conditions.
 Relationships between grain nitrogen demand and post-anthesis nitrogen
 uptake were generally insensitive to environmental conditions, as there
 was always significant remobilization of nitrogen from vegetative organs,
 which helped to stabilize the amount of grain nitrogen. Moreover,
 variations in the relative contribution of remobilized assimilates with
 environmental variables were genotype-dependent. Our analysis provides an
 overall picture of post-anthesis source-sink relationships and
 pre-anthesis assimilate contributions to grain filling across
 (non-)environmental factors, and highlights that designing wheat adaption
 to climate change should account for complex multi-factor interactions.
description: For the processes of data collection: plants were sampled every 2
 to 9 days between anthesis and ripeness maturity. Stems, leaf laminae,
 chaffs, and grains of each subsample were separated, and their dry mass
 was determined after drying to constant mass in a forced air oven at 80℃.
 Total nitrogen concentration of oven-dried samples was determined by the
 Kjeldahl digestion method using a Kjeltec 2300 analyzer (Foss Tecator AB,
 Hoeganaes, Sweden) between 1991 and 2002, and by the Dumas combustion
 method using a FlashEA 19 1112 N/Protein analyzer (Thermo Electron Corp.,
 Waltham, MA, USA) in 2007 and 2014. 
description: # GENERAL INFORMATION Data underlying the publication: Fang et al. (2024)
 Source-sink relationships during grain filling in wheat in response to
 various temperature, water deficit and nitrogen deficit regimes. Journal
 of Experimental Botany. Creators: * L. Fang: Centre for Crop Systems
 Analysis, Wageningen University & Research ORCID: 0000-0002-0989-0092
 [liangfangfj@163.com](mailto:liangfangfj@163.com) * P.C. Struik: Centre
 for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research ORCID:
 0000-0003-2196-547X [paul.struik@wur.nl](mailto:paul.struik@wur.nl) *
 Christine Girousse: GDEC, INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University ORCID:
 0000-0002-8914-2878
 [christine.girousse@inrae.fr](mailto:christine.girousse@inrae.fr) * X.
 Yin: Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University &
 Research ORCID: 0000-0001-8273-8022
 [xinyou.yin@wur.nl](mailto:xinyou.yin@wur.nl) * P. Martre: LEPSE, Univ
 Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier ORCID: 0000-0002-7419-6558
 [pierre.martre@inrae.fr](mailto:pierre.martre@inrae.fr) **Description**
 This dataset contains biomass and nitrogen dynamics of during the
 post-anthesis period in six wheat genotypes grown under a total of 62
 contrasting temperature, water, and nitrogen regimes across 13 independent
 experiments conducted in semi-controlled conditions under natural sunlight
 at INRAE, France. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in
 wheat post-anthesis source and sink parameters under varying environmental
 regimes and providing an overview of wheat post-anthesis source-sink
 relationships under various environmental regimes. The detailed
 experimental treatments and the details of sampling and data collection
 can be found at Materials and Method section of the publication. Briefly,
 plants were sampled every 2 to 9 days between anthesis and ripeness
 maturity. The plants were individualized and counted, and one to three
 replicates of 20 plants each were analyzed separately. Stems, leaf
 laminae, chaffs, and grains of each subsample were separated, and their
 dry mass was determined after drying to constant mass in a forced air oven
 at 80℃. Total nitrogen concentration of oven-dried samples was determined
 by the Kjeldahl digestion method using a Kjeltec 2300 analyzer (Foss
 Tecator AB, Hoeganaes, Sweden) between 1991 and 2002, and by the Dumas
 combustion method using a FlashEA 19 1112 N/Protein analyzer (Thermo
 Electron Corp., Waltham, MA, USA) in 2007 and 2014. **FILES** This dataset
 contains the following file: SourceSinkAllYear_DataDeposition.xlsx.
 Definitions of all variables, abbreviations, and units can be found in the
 sheet "ReadMeFirst".  Unavailable information: In sheet
 "PrimaryData", missing values are indicated by "#NA"
 because the nitrogen content of the source and sink was not determined in
 some years. In "SecondaryData", "#NA" indicates
 missing values for nitrogen; in 2002, the total source supply for biomass
 or nitrogen was assumed to be zero for cultivar "Tamaro", so the
 values for C_TEO and C_S.mean are unavailable and indicated by
 "#NA" (see details in the publication).