DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p2x7
title: Data: Reduced climate adaptation at range edges in North American Arabidopsis lyrata

description: Aim: Species’ range limits, when not caused by dispersal limitation, are
 the result of constraints to the evolution of the ecological niche such
 that further range expansion is slow or not possible. An important
 evolutionary constraint at range edges may be the enhanced action of
 genetic drift. Here we tested whether a history of small population size
 and enhanced genetic drift was linked with reduced adaptation at range
 limits. Location: Eastern North America Time period: 2017-2019 Taxon:
 Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata Methods: We performed a latitudinal
 transplant experiment with sites across and beyond the species
 distribution of North American Arabidopsis lyrata. Plants originated from
 the centre and the periphery, and the latter shared a history of range
 expansion or long-term isolation and had low genetic diversity. We tested
 for adaptation by considering climatic variables that had previously been
 associated with both niche and range limits. Results: Multiplicative
 performance of plants was lower the more different the temperature regime
 at the transplant sites compared to home sites was, supporting climate
 adaptation. However, populations performed worse only when conditions were
 warmer at the transplant sites and better when conditions were colder,
 indicating that despite divergent adaptation to climate, the species seems
 to prefer living in cooler areas than where it is found currently.
 Finally, populations with low genetic diversity had a lower performance
 under a climate similar to that of their home sites, and performance
 declined stronger under warmer conditions. Main conclusions: Our study
 supports that genetic drift reduces adaptation at species’ range limits,
 and that populations with a history of genetic drift are especially
 vulnerable under global warming.
description: Data was collected from a field transplant experiment in the US
 from 2016 to 2018.
description: # Data: Reduced climate adaptation at range edges in North American
 Arabidopsis lyrata Place
 of study: Eastern USA NOTE 1: data on between-population crosses are
 included that were not analysed in this study NOTE 2: Revisions were made
 to this readme and the file POP_PERFORMANCE_19 in January 2024. Data on
 time to flowering (Flow_T) is now in the format as analyzed. Furthermore,
 we now describe more precisely how severity of damage on rosettes
 (ROS_DMG_18[fraction]) and inflorescences (INFLO_MEAN_DMG_18[fraction])
 was recorded. ## Description of the data and file structure DELTA_DATA: is
 the data file that contains all the ecological variables (temperature and
 precipitation) for each common garden and each population Explanation of
 variables: M_POP: site of origin of the population, first two letters
 indicating the state, or the province in Canada MIN_T_MARCH: minimum
 temperature in mach at the population site based on WORLDCLIM data
 MIN_T_APRIL: minimum temperature in April at the population site based on
 WORLDCLIM data MIN_T_EARLY_SPRING_(Aver_March_April): Average minimum
 temperature in Early Spring (March + April) Delta_CG1: difference in
 minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the
 population site and temperature at the CG1 during the experiment
 Delta_CG2: difference in minimum temperature in early spring between
 WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at the CG2 during
 the experiment Delta_CG3: difference in minimum temperature in early
 spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at
 the CG3 during the experiment Delta_CG4: difference in minimum temperature
 in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and
 temperature at the CG4 during the experiment Delta_CG5: difference in
 minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the
 population site and temperature at the CG5 during the experiment
 GERM_SURV_19: is the data file that contains all the binary variables
 (0,1) of plant perfomance at all common gardens. This is germination and
 survival Explanation of variables: SITE: common garden site M_POP: site of
 origin of the mother plant, with the first two letters indicating the
 state, or the province in Canada M_FAM: mother plant, collected as seed in
 the population of origin F_POP: site of origin of the father plant, with
 the first two letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada
 F_FAM: father plant, collected as seed in the population of origin C_TYPE:
 type of cross between mother and father plant. Either within-population
 (WPC) or between-population cross (BPC) BLOCK: spatial block within common
 garden site; three replicate pots with seeds of each cross combination
 were randomly distributed over three spatial blocks per common garden
 TRAY: tray in which a pot was positioned. Propagation trays with 38 cells
 contained the pots, and there were 13 such trays per block POS: position
 of a pot within a tray L/R: left or right position of the plant within the
 pot DAY_0: starting day of the experiment counted from 01.01.2017 GER_DD:
 day of germination GER_MM: month of germination GER_YY: year of
 germination DEATH_DD: day of death DEATH_MM: month of death DEATH_YY: year
 of death THINN: if two sedlings germinated in a pot, one of them was
 removed haphazardly (0,1) SURVIVAL_EARLY: survival of the plant 30 days
 after germination (0,1) SURVIVAL_FALL_17: survival of the plant after fall
 2017 (0,1) SURVIVAL_WINTER_18: survival of the plant after winter 2018
 (0,1) SURVIVAL_SPRING_18: survival of the plant after spring 2018 (0,1)
 SURVIVAL_SUMMER_18: survival of the plant after summer 2018 (0,1)
 SURVIVAL_SPRING_19: survival of the plant after summer 2019 (0,1)
 SURVIVAL_YEAR_1: survival of the after the first year (0,1)
 SURVIVAL_YEAR_2: survival of the plant after the second year (0,1)
 POP_PERFORMANCE_19: is the data file that contains all the continuous
 variables of plant performance for all populations at all common gardens
 (multiplicative performance, inflorescence and rosette damage, flowering
 time, total reproductive output) Explanation of variables: SITE: common
 garden site M_POP: site of origin of the mother plant, with the first two
 letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada M_FAM: mother
 plant, collected as seed in the population of origin F_POP: site of origin
 of the father plant, with the first two letters indicating the state, or
 the province in Canada F_FAM: father plant, collected as seed in the
 population of origin C_TYPE: type of cross between mother and father
 plant. Either within-population (WPC) or between-population cross (BPC)
 BLOCK: spatial block within common garden site; three replicate pots with
 seeds of each cross combination were randomly distributed over three
 spatial blocks per common garden TRAY: tray in which a pot was positioned.
 Propagation trays with 38 cells contained the pots, and there were 13 such
 trays per block POS: position of a pot within a tray DAY_0: starting day
 of the experiment counted from 01.01.2017 G_RATE: germination rate per pot
 Flow_T: flowering time counted as the number of days since snowmelt or
 T∞&gt;5 ROS_DMG_18(1/0): rosette damage year 2018 (0, 1)
 ROS_DMG_18(fraction): severity of damage on rosettes year 2018 (0, 0.25,
 0.5, 0.75, 1) INFLO_MEAN_DMG_18(1/0): inflorescence damage year 2018 (0,
 1) INFLO_MEAN_DMG_18(fraction): severity of damage on inflorescences year
 2018 (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), mean across inflorescences SUM_F_ORG_18:
 total sum of reproductive organs year 2018 (flowers, pedicels, buds, and
 fruits) ROOT_LENGHT_19: longest root lenght (mm) SUM_F_ORG_19: total sum
 of reproductive organs year 2019 (flowers, pedicels, buds, and fruits)
 SUM_F_ORG_18_19: total sum of reproductive organs year 2018 and year 2019
 (flowers, pedicels, buds, and fruits) MULT_PERF_GER_I_18: multiplicative
 performance year 2018 (G_RATE x SUM_F_ORG_18) MULT_PERF_GER_I_19:
 multiplicative performance to year 2019 (G_RATE x SUM_F_ORG_18_19)