DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79sm
title: Effects of fluid overload on water and solute removal during peritoneal dialysis in Sprague-Dawley rats

description: Fluid overload is very common in patients treated with peritoneal
 dialysis. However, it is as yet unknown whether fluid overload per se
 affects the dialysis process in terms of the removal of water and small
 solutes. Here we conducted experiments in thirty-one Sprague-Dawley rats
 divided into a control group (n=10), one group fluid overloaded with
 saline 22 mL/kg (n=10) and one group fluid overloaded with 4% albumin 22
 mL/kg during the course of thirty minutes. After fluid overload (or a 30
 min rest period for the control group), peritoneal dialysis was performed
 for 120 min utilizing a fill volume of 20 mL and 1.5% glucose fluids. We
 used 125I-albumin to closely monitor alterations in intraperitoneal volume
 during the course of the peritoneal dialysis treatment. Subsequently, we
 analyzed data using the three pore model to determine the underlying
 mechanisms by quantitating the amount of water transferred across each set
 of pores. We found sustained increments in water removal during peritoneal
 dialysis in fluid overloaded animals compared to control animals. The
 majority of the increased water transfer in fluid overloaded animals was
 found to occur across interendothelial small pores, either as a result of
 an increased hydrostatic pressure gradient across the peritoneal membrane
 (4% albumin) or a reduced plasma oncotic pressure (normal saline). Taken
 together, these findings indicate that fluid status should be taken into
 account when evaluating water removal in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
description: # Effects of fluid overload on water and solute removal during peritoneal
 dialysis in Sprague-Dawley rats ### GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of
 Dataset: Experimental Peritoneal Dialysis in Sprague Dawley Rats in the
 normal state and during fluid overload 2. Author Information A. Principal
 Investigator Contact Information Name: Carl Öberg Institution: Lund
 University, Medical Faculty Address: Box 117, SE-221 00 Email:
 [carl.oberg@med.lu.se](mailto:carl.oberg@med.lu.se) 3. Date of data
 collection November 2022 to January 2023 4. Geographic location of data
 collection: Lund, Sweden 5. Information about funding sources that
 supported the collection of the data: Funding by Lund University Medical
 Faculty Foundation grant YF 2020-YF0056, and The Inga-Britt and Arne
 Lundberg’s Research Foundation (all to C.M. Öberg). ### SHARING/ACCESS
 INFORMATION 1. Was data derived from another source? No ### DATA &
 FILE OVERVIEW 1. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? NO ###
 DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: overload.xls 1. Number of variables: 191 2.
 Number of cases/rows: 31 3. Variable List: animal, "unique number
 assigned to each animal" treatment, "Dialysis fluid used, e.g.
 Balance 1.5% represents 1.5% glucose strength" weight, "Body
 weight in grams before dialysis" date, "Date of the experiment
 YYYY-MM-DD" ivfluid, "Fluid given IV during 30 min before
 dialysis; either control (NaCl 3 mL/h), saline overload (NaCl 22 mL/kg),
 or 4% albumin overload (Alb 4% 22 mL/kg)" vin, "Peritoneal
 dialysis fluid volume instilled in milliliters" vout,
 "Peritoneal dialysis fluid volume extracted in milliliters (see
 manuscript for details)" wo_in, "Wash-out fluid instilled (same
 type of fluid as used for dialysis) in milliliters" wo_out,
 "Wash-out fluid extracted in milliliters" wo_alb, "Wash-out
 fluid 125-I activity in Bq/mL" p_na_initial, "Plasma sodium
 concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L" p_k_initial, "Plasma
 potassium concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L" p_cl_initial,
 "Plasma chloride concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L"
 p_ica_initial, "Plasma ionized calcium concentration before iv fluid
 in mmol/L" p_tco2_initial, "Plasma total carbon dioxide
 concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L" p_glu_initial, "Plasma
 glucose concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L" p_urea_initial,
 "Plasma urea concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L"
 p_crea_initial, "Plasma creatinine concentration before iv fluid in
 mmol/L" map_initial, "Mean arterial pressure before iv fluid in
 mmol/L" hr_initial, "Heart rate before iv fluid in mmol/L"
 hb_initial, "Arterial blood hemoglobin level before iv fluid in
 g/L" ph_initial, "Arterial pH before iv fluid"
 pco2_initial, "Arterial CO2 pressure before iv fluid in kPa"
 po2_initial, "Arterial O2 pressure before iv fluid in kPa"
 be_initial, "Arterial base excess before iv fluid in mmol/L"
 hco3_initial, "Arterial bicarbonate concentration before iv fluid in
 mmol/L" tco2_initial, "Arterial total CO2 concentration before
 iv fluid in mmol/L" so2_initial, "Arterial oxygen saturation
 before iv fluid in %" lac_initial, "Arterial lactate
 concentration before iv fluid in mmol/L cop_initial, "Colloid osmotic
 pressure in arterial blood before iv fluid in mmHg" p_osm_initial,
 "Osmolality in arterial blood before iv fluid in mOsm/kg"
 p_na_before, "Plasma sodium concentration after iv fluid (before
 dialysis) in mmol/L" p_k_before, "Plasma potassium concentration
 after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L" p_cl_before, "Plasma
 chloride concentration after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L"
 p_ica_before, "Plasma ionized calcium concentration after iv fluid
 (before dialysis) in mmol/L" p_tco2_before, "Plasma total carbon
 dioxide concentration after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L"
 p_glu_before, "Plasma glucose concentration after iv fluid (before
 dialysis) in mmol/L" p_urea_before, "Plasma urea concentration
 after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L" p_crea_before,
 "Plasma creatinine concentration after iv fluid (before dialysis) in
 mmol/L" map_before, "Mean arterial pressure after iv fluid
 (before dialysis) in mmol/L" hr_before, "Heart rate after iv
 fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L" hb_before, "Arterial blood
 hemoglobin level after iv fluid (before dialysis) in g/L" ph_before,
 "Arterial pH after iv fluid (before dialysis)" pco2_before,
 "Arterial CO2 pressure after iv fluid (before dialysis) in kPa"
 po2_before, "Arterial O2 pressure after iv fluid (before dialysis) in
 kPa" be_before, "Arterial base excess after iv fluid (before
 dialysis) in mmol/L" hco3_before, "Arterial bicarbonate
 concentration after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L"
 tco2_before, "Arterial total CO2 concentration after iv fluid (before
 dialysis) in mmol/L" so2_before, "Arterial oxygen saturation
 after iv fluid (before dialysis) in %" lac_before, "Arterial
 lactate concentration after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mmol/L
 cop_before, "Colloid osmotic pressure in arterial blood after iv
 fluid (before dialysis) in mmHg" p_osm_before, "Osmolality in
 arterial blood after iv fluid (before dialysis) in mOsm/kg"
 p_na_after, "Plasma sodium concentration after iv fluid in
 mmol/L" p_k_after, "Plasma potassium concentration after
 dialysis in mmol/L" p_cl_after, "Plasma chloride concentration
 after dialysis in mmol/L" p_ica_after, "Plasma ionized calcium
 concentration after dialysis in mmol/L" p_tco2_after, "Plasma
 total carbon dioxide concentration before dialysis in mmol/L"
 p_glu_after, "Plasma glucose concentration after dialysis in
 mmol/L" p_urea_after, "Plasma urea concentration after dialysis
 in mmol/L" p_crea_after, "Plasma creatinine concentration after
 dialysis in mmol/L" map_after, "Mean arterial pressure after
 dialysis in mmol/L" hr_after, "Heart rate after dialysis in
 mmol/L" hb_after, "Arterial blood hemoglobin level after
 dialysis in g/L" ph_after, "Arterial pH after dialysis"
 pco2_after, "Arterial CO2 pressure after dialysis in kPa"
 po2_after, "Arterial O2 pressure after dialysis in kPa"
 be_after, "Arterial base excess after dialysis in mmol/L"
 hco3_after, "Arterial bicarbonate concentration after dialysis in
 mmol/L" tco2_after, "Arterial total CO2 concentration after
 dialysis in mmol/L" so2_after, "Arterial oxygen saturation after
 dialysis in %" lac_after, "Arterial lactate concentration after
 dialysis in mmol/L cop_after, "Colloid osmotic pressure in arterial
 blood after dialysis in mmHg" p_osm_after, "Osmolality in
 arterial blood after dialysis in mOsm/kg" n_p_samples, "Number
 of blood samples obtained during dialysis" pt1, "Time point for
 blood sample #1 in minutes post start of dialysis" pt2, "Time
 point for blood sample #2 in minutes post start of dialysis" pt3,
 "Time point for blood sample #3 in minutes post start of
 dialysis" pt4, "Time point for blood sample #4 in minutes post
 start of dialysis" pt5, "Time point for blood sample #5 in
 minutes post start of dialysis" pt6, "Time point for blood
 sample #6 in minutes post start of dialysis" p_hct_1,
 "Hematocrit for blood sample #1" p_hct_2, "Hematocrit for
 blood sample #2" p_hct_3, "Hematocrit for blood sample #3"
 p_hct_4, "Hematocrit for blood sample #4" p_hct_5,
 "Hematocrit for blood sample #5" p_hct_6, "Hematocrit for
 blood sample #6" p_edta_1, "Plasma 51Cr activity (blood sample
 #1) in Bq/mL" p_edta_2, "Plasma 51Cr activity (blood sample #2)
 in Bq/mL" p_edta_3, "Plasma 51Cr activity (blood sample #3) in
 Bq/mL" p_edta_4, "Plasma 51Cr activity (blood sample #4) in
 Bq/mL" p_edta_5, "Plasma 51Cr activity (blood sample #5) in
 Bq/mL" p_edta_6, "Plasma 51Cr activity (blood sample #6) in
 Bq/mL" p_alb_1, "Plasma 125I activity (blood sample #1) in
 Bq/mL" p_alb_2, "Plasma 125I activity (blood sample #2) in
 Bq/mL" p_alb_3, "Plasma 125I activity (blood sample #3) in
 Bq/mL" p_alb_4, "Plasma 125I activity (blood sample #4) in
 Bq/mL" p_alb_5, "Plasma 125I activity (blood sample #5) in
 Bq/mL" p_alb_6, "Plasma 125I activity (blood sample #6) in
 Bq/mL" n_d_samples, "Number of dialysate samples obtained during
 dialysis" d_sv_1, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #1 in
 milliliters" d_sv_2, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #2 in
 milliliters" d_sv_3, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #3 in
 milliliters" d_sv_4, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #4 in
 milliliters" d_sv_5, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #5 in
 milliliters" d_sv_6, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #6 in
 milliliters" d_sv_7, "Sampling volume for dialysate sample #7 in
 milliliters" d_edta_0, "51Cr activity in fresh dialysis fluid
 (before instillation) in Bq/mL" d_edta_1, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #1 in Bq/mL" d_edta_2, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #2 in Bq/mL" d_edta_3, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #3 in Bq/mL" d_edta_4, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #4 in Bq/mL" d_edta_5, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #5 in Bq/mL" d_edta_6, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #6 in Bq/mL" d_edta_7, "51Cr activity in
 dialysate sample #7 in Bq/mL" d_alb_0, "125I activity in fresh
 dialysis fluid (before instillation) in Bq/mL" d_alb_1, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #1 in Bq/mL" d_alb_2, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #2 in Bq/mL" d_alb_3, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #3 in Bq/mL" d_alb_4, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #4 in Bq/mL" d_alb_5, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #5 in Bq/mL" d_alb_6, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #6 in Bq/mL" d_alb_7, "125I
 activity in dialysate sample #7 in Bq/mL" d_glu_0, "Stock
 glucose concentration in fresh dialysis fluid (before instillation) in
 mmol/L" d_glu_1, "Measured glucose concentration in dialysate
 sample #1 in mmol/L" d_glu_2, "Measured glucose concentration in
 dialysate sample #2 in mmol/L" d_glu_3, "Measured glucose
 concentration in dialysate sample #3 in mmol/L" d_glu_4,
 "Measured glucose concentration in dialysate sample #4 in
 mmol/L" d_glu_5, "Measured glucose concentration in dialysate
 sample #5 in mmol/L" d_glu_6, "Measured glucose concentration in
 dialysate sample #6 in mmol/L" d_glu_7, "Measured glucose
 concentration in dialysate sample #7 in mmol/L" d_na_0,
 "Measured sodium concentration in fresh dialysis fluid (before
 instillation) in mmol/L" d_na_1, "Measured glucose concentration
 in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_na_2, "Measured glucose
 concentration in dialysate sample #2 in mmol/L" d_na_3,
 "Measured glucose concentration in dialysate sample #3 in
 mmol/L" d_na_4, "Measured glucose concentration in dialysate
 sample #4 in mmol/L" d_na_5, "Measured glucose concentration in
 dialysate sample #5 in mmol/L" d_na_6, "Measured glucose
 concentration in dialysate sample #6 in mmol/L" d_na_7,
 "Measured glucose concentration in dialysate sample #7 in
 mmol/L" d_k_0, "Stock potassium concentration (=0 mM) in fresh
 dialysis fluid (before instillation) in mmol/L" d_k_1, "Measured
 potassium concentration in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_k_2,
 "Measured potassium concentration in dialysate sample #2 in
 mmol/L" d_k_3, "Measured potassium concentration in dialysate
 sample #3 in mmol/L" d_k_4, "Measured potassium concentration in
 dialysate sample #4 in mmol/L" d_k_5, "Measured potassium
 concentration in dialysate sample #5 in mmol/L" d_k_6, "Measured
 potassium concentration in dialysate sample #6 in mmol/L" d_k_7,
 "Measured potassium concentration in dialysate sample #7 in
 mmol/L" d_cl_0, "Measured chloride concentration in fresh
 dialysis fluid (before instillation) in mmol/L" d_cl_1,
 "Measured chloride concentration in dialysate sample #1 in
 mmol/L" d_cl_2, "Measured chloride concentration in dialysate
 sample #2 in mmol/L" d_cl_3, "Measured chloride concentration in
 dialysate sample #3 in mmol/L" d_cl_4, "Measured chloride
 concentration in dialysate sample #4 in mmol/L" d_cl_5,
 "Measured chloride concentration in dialysate sample #5 in
 mmol/L" d_cl_6, "Measured chloride concentration in dialysate
 sample #6 in mmol/L" d_cl_7, "Measured chloride concentration in
 dialysate sample #7 in mmol/L" d_ica_0, "Measured ionized
 calcium concentration in fresh dialysis fluid (before instillation) in
 mmol/L" d_ica_1, "Measured ionized calcium concentration in
 dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_ica_2, "Measured ionized
 calcium concentration in dialysate sample #2 in mmol/L" d_ica_3,
 "Measured ionized calcium concentration in dialysate sample #3 in
 mmol/L" d_ica_4, "Measured ionized calcium concentration in
 dialysate sample #4 in mmol/L" d_ica_5, "Measured ionized
 calcium concentration in dialysate sample #5 in mmol/L" d_ica_6,
 "Measured ionized calcium concentration in dialysate sample #6 in
 mmol/L" d_ica_7, "Measured ionized calcium concentration in
 dialysate sample #7 in mmol/L" d_tco2_0, "Stock total carbon
 dioxide concentration (=0 mM) in fresh dialysis fluid (before
 instillation) in mmol/L" d_tco2_1, "Measured total carbon
 dioxide concentration in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_tco2_2,
 "Measured total carbon dioxide concentration in dialysate sample #1
 in mmol/L" d_tco2_3, "Measured total carbon dioxide
 concentration in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_tco2_4,
 "Measured total carbon dioxide concentration in dialysate sample #1
 in mmol/L" d_tco2_5, "Measured total carbon dioxide
 concentration in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_tco2_6,
 "Measured total carbon dioxide concentration in dialysate sample #1
 in mmol/L" d_tco2_7, "Measured total carbon dioxide
 concentration in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L" d_urea_1,
 "Measured urea concentration in dialysate sample #1 in mmol/L"
 d_urea_2, "Measured urea concentration in dialysate sample #2 in
 mmol/L" d_urea_3, "Measured urea concentration in dialysate
 sample #3 in mmol/L" d_urea_4, "Measured urea concentration in
 dialysate sample #4 in mmol/L" d_urea_5, "Measured urea
 concentration in dialysate sample #5 in mmol/L" d_urea_6,
 "Measured urea concentration in dialysate sample #6 in mmol/L"
 d_urea_7, "Measured urea concentration in dialysate sample #7 in
 mmol/L" d_crea_0, "Measured creatinine concentration (added
 creatinine) in fresh dialysis fluid (before instillation) in μmol/L"
 d_crea_1, "Measured creatinine concentration in dialysate sample #2
 in μmol/L" d_crea_2, "Measured creatinine concentration in
 dialysate sample #2 in μmol/L" d_crea_3, "Measured creatinine
 concentration in dialysate sample #2 in μmol/L" d_crea_4,
 "Measured creatinine concentration in dialysate sample #2 in
 μmol/L" d_crea_5, "Measured creatinine concentration in
 dialysate sample #2 in μmol/L" d_crea_6, "Measured creatinine
 concentration in dialysate sample #2 in μmol/L" d_crea_7,
 "Measured creatinine concentration in dialysate sample #2 in
 μmol/L" dt1, "Time point for dialysate sample #1 in minutes post
 start of dialysis" dt2, "Time point for dialysate sample #2 in
 minutes post start of dialysis" dt3, "Time point for dialysate
 sample #3 in minutes post start of dialysis" dt4, "Time point
 for dialysate sample #4 in minutes post start of dialysis" dt5,
 "Time point for dialysate sample #5 in minutes post start of
 dialysis" dt6, "Time point for dialysate sample #6 in minutes
 post start of dialysis" dt7, "Time point for dialysate sample #7
 in minutes post start of dialysis" Missing data codes: NA