cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/0033e820ff0e6a055382d4548dc5c90c
title: Longitudinal Stream Chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 6, 1982 - present

description: Longitudinal variation in streamwater chemistry has been
 measured in two watersheds (W1 and W6) at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest. This dataset includes samples that have
 been collected approximately monthly in Watershed 6 at six
 sampling locations (1982 – present) along an elevational
 gradient. Samples are analyzed for pH, ANC, anions, cations,
 nitrogen, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/df90f97d15c28daeb7620b29e2384bb9
title: Chemistry of Bulk Precipitation at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 1, 1963 - present

description: Precipitation chemistry has been measured at the Hubbard 
 Brook Experimental Forest since 1963. This data set 
 includes volume-weighted, average, monthly concentrations of 
 cations, anions, and pH for watershed 1. Monthly averages are calculated from 
 samples collected at weekly intervals from several bulk 
 precipitation stations located in the experimental watersheds.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/9d017f1a32cba6788d968dc03632ee03
title: Forest soil:atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1997- present

description: Soil atmosphere fluxes of the trace gases; carbon dioxide (CO2),
 nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured at several
 locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) including 1)
 the “freeze” study reference plots that provide contrast between stands
 dominated (80%) by sugar maple versus yellow birch and low and high
 elevation areas, 2) the Bear Brook Watershed where trace gas sampling is
 coordinated with long-term monitoring of microbial biomass and activity
 and 3) watershed 1 where trace gas sampling locations were co-located
 with long-term microbial biomass and activity monitoring sites that are
 located near a subset of the lysimeter sites established for the calcium
 addition study on this watershed.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/94f9084a3224c1e3e0ed38763f8dae02
title: Forest Inventory of a Calcium Amended Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 1, 2011, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

description: In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in
 regulating the structure and function of base-poor forest and
 aquatic ecosystems, the Ca content of soil was increased
 through the application of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in October
 1999. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1996 and
 repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes 2011
 inventory measurements. The data consists of a total
 inventory of all trees &gt;=10 cm diameter-at-breast-height
 (dbh) on the whole of the watershed (11.8 ha), as measured in
 each of the 200 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees &gt;=2 to &lt;=10 cm
 dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge
 of each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of tree tags in
 2006 on all trees &gt;=10 cm dbh, tracking of individual
 trees is now possible.
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook
 Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at
 the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and
 maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research
 Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/37c5a5868158e87db2d30c2d62a57e14
title: Forest Inventory of a Calcium Amended Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 1, 2006, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

description: In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in
 regulating the structure and function of base-poor forest and
 aquatic ecosystems, the Ca content of soil was increased
 through the application of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in October
 1999. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1996 and
 repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes 2006
 inventory measurements.The data consists of a total inventory
 of all trees &gt;=10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on
 the whole of the watershed (11.8 ha), as measured in each of
 the 200 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees &gt;=2 to &lt;=10 cm dbh
 were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge of
 each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of tree tags in 2006
 on all trees &gt;=10 cm dbh, tracking of individual trees is
 now possible.
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook
 Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at
 the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and
 maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research
 Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/a2300121b6d594bbfcb3256ca1c300c8
title: Forest Inventory of a Calcium Amended Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 1, 2001, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

description: In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in
 regulating the structure and function of base-poor forest and
 aquatic ecosystems, the Ca content of soil was increased
 through the application of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in October
 1999. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1996 and
 repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes 2001
 inventory measurements. The data consists of a total
 inventory of all trees &gt;=10 cm diameter-at-breast-height
 (dbh) on the whole of the watershed (11.8 ha), as measured in
 each of the 200 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees &gt;=2 to &lt;=10 cm
 dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge
 of each 25 m x 25 m plot. Tree tags were added in 2006 on all
 trees &gt;=10 cm dbh; tracking of individual trees is not
 possible prior to that collection year.
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook
 Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at
 the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and
 maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research
 Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/9ff720ba22aef2b40fc5d9a7b374aa52
title: Forest Inventory of a Calcium Amended Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 1, 1996, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

description: In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in
 regulating the structure and function of base-poor forest and
 aquatic ecosystems, the Ca content of soil was increased
 through the application of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in October
 1999. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1996 and
 repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes
 pre-treatment inventory measurements collected in 1996. The
 data consists of a total inventory of all trees &gt;=10 cm
 diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on the whole of the watershed
 (11.8 ha), as measured in each of the 200 25 m x 25 m plots.
 Trees &gt;=2 to &lt;=10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3
 meter wide strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot.
 Tree tags were added in 2006 on all trees &gt;=10 cm dbh;
 tracking of individual trees is not possible prior to that
 collection year.
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook
 Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at
 the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and
 maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research
 Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/727ee240e0b1e10c92fa28641bedb0a3
title: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (US Forest Service): Daily Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 - present

description: Streamflow at 9 watersheds within the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest has been measured continuously from as early as
 1955. Streams are gaged with V-notch weirs at the outlet of each
 watershed. Height of water behind the weir increases with increased
 streamflow and is recorded by means of a float attached mechanically
 to a pen on a spring-wound strip-chart recorder. Gage height is
 converted to streamflow rate by calibration factors and then
 integrated to generate daily streamflow. Streamflow rate is measured
 as volume per unit time(L/s) and is proportional to the watershed
 area.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/43ebc0f959780cfc30b7ad53cc4a3d3e
title: Streamwater Ca, Sr and 87Sr/86Sr measurements on Watershed 1 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

description: This dataset includes ICP-OES analyses of Ca and Sr
 concentration and thermal ionization mass spectrometry
 analyses of 
 87Sr/ 
 86Sr ratios for weekly samples of
 Watershed 1 unfiltered streamwater collected just above the
 weir.
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook
 Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at
 the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and
 maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research
 Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/75b416d670de920c5ace92f8f3182964
title: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (USDA Forest Service): Daily Mean Temperature Data, 1955 - present

description: Air temperature is measured at seven locations within the rain
 gage clearings throughout Hubbard Brook. The oldest air
 temperature record dates back to October 20, 1955 at Station 1.
 Since that time, temperature measurements have been made
 continuously using hygrothermographs housed in standard
 shelters.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/890b1fadb61d3e86dc6f3d9afea79705
title: USFS Durham Lab water analysis method detection limit (MDL) limit of quantification (LOQ), 2010 - present

description: This dataset documents limits in the precision of water analyses
 produced by the USFS, NRS lab in Durham, NH. Generally precision of
 water analyses is limited at low concentrations due to limits of
 detection or limits of precise quantification.

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/cab9ced139ba8e5ee1aabe4c86e7d0bb
title: Forest Inventory of a Calcium Amended Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 1, 2016, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

description: In order to evaluate the role of Ca supply in regulating the structure
 and function of base-poor forest and aquatic ecosystems, the Ca
 content of soil was increased through the application of wollastonite
 (CaSiO3) in October 1999. Forest inventory surveys were initiated in
 1996 and repeated at 5 year intervals. This data set includes 2016
 inventory measurements. The data consists of a total inventory of all
 trees &gt;=10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on the whole of the
 watershed (11.8 ha), as measured in each of the 200 25 m x 25 m plots.
 Trees &gt;=2 to &lt;=10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide
 strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of
 tree tags in 2006 on all trees &gt;=10 cm dbh, tracking of individual
 trees is now possible.

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/9ba3206dd451ff4547bf50a75813ca12
title: Canopy cover data from the Ice Storm Experiment (ISE) plots

description: Large-scale disturbances such as ice storms may increase in frequency
 and intensity as climate changes. While disturbances are a natural
 component of forest ecosystems, climatically driven alteration to
 historical patterns may impart fundamental change to ecosystem
 function. At Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, experimental ice
 storms of varying severity were applied to replicate plots of mature
 northern hardwoods to quantify their effects on forested ecosystems.
 We assessed ice storm treatment effects on insectivorous
 foliage-gleaning birds and their interactions with larval Lepidoptera.
 These birds are charismatic, of conservation concern, and are a major
 predator of caterpillars. In turn, lepidopterans are the dominant
 herbivores in temperate forests and are integral to ecosystem
 function. We predicted that avian abundance would increase due to
 additional structural heterogeneity caused by ice treatments, with a
 concomitant increase in caterpillar predation.

 
 Point counts were used to measure insectivorous bird activity in the
 ice storm experiment plots and additional control plots before and
 after treatments. Point counts were conducted in June 2015 and June
 2016. Icing occurred in January-February 2016. We deployed and
 retrieved plasticine model caterpillars and estimated predation from
 characteristic marks to these surrogates. Abundance of
 foliage-gleaning birds was higher in the ice storm plots and birds
 responded to treatments as a single diffuse disturbance rather than on
 an individual plot level. All species except one were observed both
 before and after the ice treatments. Surprisingly, predation on
 caterpillar models was unaffected by ice storm treatments but rather
 was a function of caterpillar density. The increase in avian abundance
 in the ice storm treatment plots corroborates other studies of bird
 responses to relatively small-scale disturbances in forests and the
 limited change in species composition was expected given the plot
 size. We conclude that ice storms may provide beneficial changes for
 foliage-gleaning birds in the growing season following the
 disturbance.

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

 
 A complete analysis of these data can be found in: Leuenberger, W. M.
 (2017). Response of larval lepidoptera and their avian
 predators to experimental ice storms in a northeastern
 forest (Order No. 10282770). Available from ProQuest
 Dissertations & Theses A&I. (1950488566).
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/a3b6394bb75893b076dce82158b74f5c
title: Avian point count data from the Ice Storm Experiment (ISE) plots

description: Large-scale disturbances such as ice storms may increase in frequency
 and intensity as climate changes. While disturbances are a natural
 component of forest ecosystems, climatically driven alteration to
 historical patterns may impart fundamental change to ecosystem
 function. At Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, experimental ice
 storms of varying severity were applied to replicate plots of mature
 northern hardwoods to quantify their effects on forested ecosystems.
 We assessed ice storm treatment effects on insectivorous
 foliage-gleaning birds and their interactions with larval Lepidoptera.
 These birds are charismatic, of conservation concern, and are a major
 predator of caterpillars. In turn, lepidopterans are the dominant
 herbivores in temperate forests and are integral to ecosystem
 function. We predicted that avian abundance would increase due to
 additional structural heterogeneity caused by ice treatments, with a
 concomitant increase in caterpillar predation.

 
 Point counts were used to measure insectivorous bird activity in the
 ice storm experiment plots and additional control plots before and
 after treatments. Point counts were conducted in June 2015 and June
 2016. Icing occurred in January-February 2016. We deployed and
 retrieved plasticine model caterpillars and estimated predation from
 characteristic marks to these surrogates. Abundance of
 foliage-gleaning birds was higher in the ice storm plots and birds
 responded to treatments as a single diffuse disturbance rather than on
 an individual plot level. All species except one were observed both
 before and after the ice treatments. Surprisingly, predation on
 caterpillar models was unaffected by ice storm treatments but rather
 was a function of caterpillar density. The increase in avian abundance
 in the ice storm treatment plots corroborates other studies of bird
 responses to relatively small-scale disturbances in forests and the
 limited change in species composition was expected given the plot
 size. We conclude that ice storms may provide beneficial changes for
 foliage-gleaning birds in the growing season following the
 disturbance.

 
 A complete analysis of these data can be found in: Leuenberger, W. M.
 (2017). Response of larval lepidoptera and their avian
 predators to experimental ice storms in a northeastern
 forest (Order No. 10282770). Available from ProQuest
 Dissertations & Theses A&I. (1950488566).

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/da21d491d547876b62d9fee2ed06b635
title: Plasticine caterpillar predation data from the Ice Storm Experiment (ISE) plots

description: Large-scale disturbances such as ice storms may increase in frequency
 and intensity as climate changes. While disturbances are a natural
 component of forest ecosystems, climatically driven alteration to
 historical patterns may impart fundamental change to ecosystem
 function. At Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, experimental ice
 storms of varying severity were applied to replicate plots of mature
 northern hardwoods to quantify their effects on forested ecosystems.
 We assessed ice storm treatment effects on insectivorous
 foliage-gleaning birds and their interactions with larval Lepidoptera.
 These birds are charismatic, of conservation concern, and are a major
 predator of caterpillars. In turn, lepidopterans are the dominant
 herbivores in temperate forests and are integral to ecosystem
 function. We predicted that avian abundance would increase due to
 additional structural heterogeneity caused by ice treatments, with a
 concomitant increase in caterpillar predation.

 
 Point counts were used to measure insectivorous bird activity in the
 ice storm experiment plots and additional control plots before and
 after treatments. Point counts were conducted in June 2015 and June
 2016. Icing occurred in January-February 2016. We deployed and
 retrieved plasticine model caterpillars and estimated predation from
 characteristic marks to these surrogates. Abundance of
 foliage-gleaning birds was higher in the ice storm plots and birds
 responded to treatments as a single diffuse disturbance rather than on
 an individual plot level. All species except one were observed both
 before and after the ice treatments. Surprisingly, predation on
 caterpillar models was unaffected by ice storm treatments but rather
 was a function of caterpillar density. The increase in avian abundance
 in the ice storm treatment plots corroborates other studies of bird
 responses to relatively small-scale disturbances in forests and the
 limited change in species composition was expected given the plot
 size. We conclude that ice storms may provide beneficial changes for
 foliage-gleaning birds in the growing season following the
 disturbance.

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/4022d829f3a1fa4057b63b5db8b1a172
title: Continuous precipitation and stream chemistry data, Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, 1963 – present.

description: The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study officially began on 1 June 1963. 
 This archive contains HBWatER, the results of &gt;50 years of
 collection and analysis of weekly stream water and precipitation
 samples obtained from 1 June 1963 to the most recently approved water
 year. Stream chemistry is reported for nine gauged watersheds and the
 mainstem of Hubbard Brook. Precipitation chemistry is reported for
 rain collectors on both the north facing and south facing slopes of
 the Hubbard Brook valley. All solute data are reported as
 concentrations in (mg/l).  HBWatER originated with the idea of
 applying the small watershed approach to study element flux and
 cycling through intact ecosystems. These chemical data have been used
 in conjunction with continuous streamflow and precipitation records to
 estimate watershed biogeochemical inputs and outputs. Such records
 have been instrumental in: identifying the existence and the impact of
 acid rain and then documenting its decline and legacy impacts on
 forested watersheds; documenting the effects of deforestation and
 natural forest disturbance on ecosystem nutrient exports; and in
 constructing element budgets for ecosystems over succession. Hundreds
 of published papers have taken advantage of HBWatER to understand how
 elements cycle through ecosystems.

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/5286c6e92dd9585d732590726937f5c9
title: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Streamflow by Watershed, 1956 - present

description: Streamflow at 9 watersheds within the Hubbard Brook Experimental
 Forest has been measured continuously from as early as 1955. Streams
 are gaged with V-notch weirs at the outlet of each watershed. Height
 of water behind the weir increases with increased streamflow and is
 recorded by means of a float attached mechanically to a pen on a
 spring-wound strip-chart recorder. Gage height is converted to
 streamflow rate by calibration factors and then integrated to generate
 daily streamflow. Streamflow rate is measured as volume per unit
 time(L/s) and is proportional to the watershed area.

 
 Beginning January 1, 2013, instantaneous streamflow data (and derived
 daily streamflow) are measured by electronic sensors, and data are
 provisional as the transition from chart to digital data collection is
 still under evaluation. Data may be updated before they are finalized.
 Please contact the dataset creator prior to data use/publication.
 Daily streamflow data are derived from the instantaneous streamflow
 record, and additional information (quality control flagging and
 gapfilling) can be found in that record
 https://portal.lternet.edu/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=1

 
 In 2016, a new, more comprehensive gapfilling method was used, wherein
 data removed by QC flagging are calculated with a regression ensemble,
 using data from all remaining weirs that have data passing QC tests.
 The median of the predicted 5-minute discharge rates based on
 regression with the remaining weirs was used as the robust prediction
 of discharge for a data gap. Additionally, the difference between the
 prediction and the actual values at the beginning and end of a gap
 were set to zero to “snap” the prediction to the adjacent measured
 values.

 
 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
 (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
 Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA
 Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10472080
title: The particle experiments for the passive behavior of eel larvae

description: The particle experiments, utilizing the JCOPE2 model, were conducted to explore the passive behavior of eel larvae.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10472081
title: The particle experiments for the passive behavior of eel larvae

description: The particle experiments, utilizing the JCOPE2 model, were conducted to explore the passive behavior of eel larvae.