cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b1c06
title: Data from: Geographic and host-mediated population genetic structure in a cestode parasite of the three-spined stickleback

description: Comparative studies of genetic diversity and population structure can shed
 light on the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence
 host–parasite interactions. Here we examined whether geography, time and
 genetic variation in Alaskan three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus
 aculeatus Linneaus) hosts shape the population genetic structure of the
 diphyllobothridean cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus (Müller,
 1776). Host lineages and haplotypes were identified by sequencing the
 mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and host population structure was
 assessed by Bayesian clustering analysis of allelic variation at 11
 microsatellite loci. Parasite population structure was characterized
 according to allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci. Mantel tests
 and canonical redundancy analysis were conducted to evaluate the
 proportion of parasite genetic variation attributable to time and
 geography vs. host lineage, haplotype, and genotypic cluster. Host and
 parasite population structure were largely discordant across the study
 area, probably reflecting differences in gene flow, environmental
 influences external to the host, and genomic admixture among host
 lineages. We found that geography explained the greatest proportion of
 parasite genetic variation, but that variation also reflects time, host
 lineage, and host haplotype. Associations with host haplotypes suggest
 that one parasite genotypic cluster exhibits a narrower host range,
 predominantly infecting the most common host haplotypes, whereas the other
 parasite cluster infects all haplotypes equally, including rare
 haplotypes. Although experimental infection trials might prove otherwise,
 distributional differences in hosts preferentially infected by S. solidus
 could underlie the observed pattern of population structure.
description: G.auleatus msats
 mtDNAThis file contains mtDNA
 sequence and microsatellite genotype data for threespine sticklebacks
 Gasterosteus aculeatus.G.aculeatus_msats_mtDNA.xlsxG.aculeatus mtDNAThis file contains sequences for a fragment of the cytochrome B mitochondrial gene (see Strobel et al. 2016 for primers) for 161 threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeates) fish.G.aculeatus_mtDNA.nexS.solidus msatsThis file contains microsatellite genotype data for Schistocephalus solidus parasites.S.solidus_msats.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.42s50
title: Data from: Uncovering cryptic parasitoid diversity in Horismenus (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)

description: Horismenus parasitoids are an abundant and understudied group of eulophid
 wasps found mainly in the New World. Recent surveys based on morphological
 analyses in Costa Rica have quadrupled the number of named taxa, with more
 than 400 species described so far. This recent revision suggests that
 there is still a vast number of unknown species to be identified. As
 Horismenus wasps have been widely described as parasitoids of insect pests
 associated with crop plants, it is of high importance to properly
 establish the extant diversity of the genus, in order to provide
 biological control practitioners with an exhaustive catalog of putative
 control agents. In this study, we first collected Horismenus wasps from
 wild Phaseolus bean seeds in Central Mexico and Arizona to assess the
 genetic relatedness of three morphologically distinct species with
 overlapping host and geographical ranges. Sequence data from two nuclear
 and two mitochondrial gene regions uncovered three cryptic species within
 each of the three focal species (i.e., H. missouriensis, H. depressus and
 H. butcheri). The monophyly of each cryptic group is statistically
 supported (except in two of them represented by one single tip in which
 monophyly cannot be tested). The phylogenetic reconstruction is discussed
 with respect to differences between gene regions as well as likely reasons
 for the differences in variability between species.
description: allgenes_allH_outgSequence Alignments for Horismenus spp.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nm41q
title: Data from: Multivariate adaptation but no increase in competitive ability in invasive Geranium carolinianum L. (Geraniaceae)

description: Adaptive evolution can affect the successful establishment of invasive
 species, but changes in selective pressures, loss of genetic variation in
 relevant traits, and/or altered trait correlations can make adaptation
 difficult to predict. We used a common-garden experiment to assess trait
 correlations and patterns of adaptation in the invasive plant, Geranium
 carolinianum, sampled across 20 populations in its native (US) and
 invasive (China) ranges. We used multivariate QST – FST tests to determine
 if phenotypic differences between countries are attributable to
 adaptation. We also compared population-level variation within each
 country to assess whether local adaptation resulted in similar
 multivariate phenotypes in the US and China. Between countries, most
 phenotypic differences are indistinguishable from genetic drift, although
 we detected a signature of adaptation to the colder, drier winters in
 China. There was no evidence for increases in invasive traits in China.
 Within countries, strong multivariate adaptation appears to be driven by
 latitudinal climatic variation in the US, but not in China. Additionally,
 adaptive trait combinations as well as their underlying correlations
 differ between the two countries, indicating that adaptation in invasive
 populations does not parallel patterns in native populations due to
 differences in selection pressures, genetic constraints, or both.
description: Gercar allozyme
 genotypesAllozyme genotypes for
 US and Chinese populations of Geranium carolinianum formatted for use with
 the hierfstat package in R. first column: region (US = United States; CN =
 China). second column: population. third through final columns: allozyme
 genotypes.Gercar
 bioclimGeranium carolinianum
 population, region (US or China), latitude, longitude, and values for
 select Bioclim variables.Gercar qst
 dataGeranium carolinianum
 common garden phenotypic data for Qst analysisGercar qst SI
 dataGeranium carolinianum
 common garden stable isotope data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r867b
title: Data from: The roles of genetic drift and natural selection in quantitative trait divergence along an altitudinal gradient in Arabidopsis thaliana

description: Understanding how natural selection and genetic drift shape biological
 variation is a central topic in biology, yet our understanding of the
 agents of natural selection and their target traits is limited. We
 investigated to what extent selection along an altitudinal gradient or
 genetic drift contributed to variation in ecologically relevant traits in
 Arabidopsis thaliana. We collected seeds from 8 to 14 individuals from
 each of 14 A. thaliana populations originating from sites between 800 and
 2700 m above sea level in the Swiss Alps. Seed families were grown with
 and without vernalization, corresponding to winter-annual and
 summer-annual life histories, respectively. We analyzed putatively neutral
 genetic divergence between these populations using 24 simple sequence
 repeat markers. We measured seven traits related to growth, phenology and
 leaf morphology that are rarely reported in A. thaliana and performed
 analyses of altitudinal clines, as well as overall QST-FST comparisons and
 correlation analyses among pair-wise QST, FST and altitude of origin
 differences. Multivariate analyses suggested adaptive differentiation
 along altitude in the entire suite of traits, particularly when expressed
 in the summer-annual life history. Of the individual traits, a decrease in
 rosette leaf number in the vegetative state and an increase in leaf
 succulence with increasing altitude could be attributed to adaptive
 divergence. Interestingly, these patterns relate well to common within-
 and between-species trends of smaller plant size and thicker leaves at
 high altitude. Our results thus offer exciting possibilities to unravel
 the underlying mechanisms for these conspicuous trends using the model
 species A. thaliana.
description: 24_SSR_140826_Arabidopsis thalianaFragment lengths of 24 SSR markers amplified in in 14 populations of Arabidopsis thaliana from the Swiss Alps. Populations were collected at altitudes ranging from 850 to 2700 m a.s.l..24_SSR_140826.xlsxPhenotypic data_140826_Arabidopsis thalianaMeasurements of ecologically relevant traits in 14 Arabidopsis thaliana populations from the Swiss Alps collected at 850 to 2700 m a.s.l.. Plants were grown in a greenhouses with and without vernalization.Phenotypic data_140826.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7t1g
title: Data from: Macroparasites at peripheral sites of infection are major and dynamic modifiers of systemic anti-microbial pattern recognition responses

description: Immune defences and the maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the
 face of pathogenic and commensal microbial exposures are channelled by
 innate anti-microbial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as
 toll-like receptors (TLRs). Whilst PRR-mediated response programmes are
 the result of long-term host-pathogen or host-commensal co-evolutionary
 dynamics involving microbes, an additional possibility is that
 macroparasitic co-infections may be a significant modifier of such
 interactions. We demonstrate experimentally that macroparasites (the model
 gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides) at peripheral sites of
 infection cause substantial alteration of the expression and function of
 TLRs at a systemic level (in cultured splenocytes), predominantly
 up-regulating TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9-mediated cytokine responses at times of
 high standing worm burdens. We consistently observed such effects in
 BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice under single-pulse and trickle exposures to
 Heligmosomoides larvae and in SWR and CBA mice under single-pulse
 exposures. A complementary long-term survey of TLR2-mediated TNF-α
 responses in wild mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) was consistent with
 substantial effects of macroparasites under some environmental conditions.
 A general pattern, though, was for the associations of macroparasites with
 TLR function to be temporally dynamic and context-dependent: varying with
 different conditions of infection exposure in the field and laboratory and
 with host genetic strain in the laboratory. These results are compelling
 evidence that macroparasites are a major and dynamic modifier of systemic
 innate antimicrobial responsiveness in naturally-occurring mammals and
 thus likely to be an important influence on the interaction between
 microbial exposures and the immune system.
description: Q-PCR data for BALBc
 TLRs (Experiment 1)Cytokines. Experiment 1
 and Experiment 3.Cytokines. Experiment
 2Apodemus. Trapping,
 biometric data, parasites and TLR2-stimulated TNFApodemus. Parasites and
 TLR2-stimulated TNF.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c5m95
title: Data from: Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese

description: Twin and family studies suggest that political attitudes are partially
 determined by an individual's genotype. The dopamine D4 receptor gene
 (DRD4) exon III repeat region that has been extensively studied in
 connection with human behaviour, is a plausible candidate to contribute to
 individual differences in political attitudes. A first United States study
 provisionally identified this gene with political attitude along a
 liberal–conservative axis albeit contingent upon number of friends. In a
 large sample of 1771 Han Chinese university students in Singapore, we
 observed a significant main effect of association between the DRD4 exon
 III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitude. Subjects
 with two copies of the 4-repeat allele (4R/4R) were significantly more
 conservative. Our results provided evidence for a role of the DRD4 gene
 variants in contributing to individual differences in political attitude
 particularly in females and more generally suggested that associations
 between individual genes, and neurochemical pathways, contributing to
 traits relevant to the social sciences can be provisionally identified.
description: data for DRD4-ideology
 _Ebstein PRSB 2014
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0kg3rp6
title: Data from: Evolutionary relationships, cospeciation, and host switching in avian malaria parasites

description: We used phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b sequences of malaria
 parasites and their avian hosts to assess the coevolutionary relationships
 between host and parasite lineages. Many lineages of avian malaria
 parasites have broad host distributions, which tend to obscure
 cospeciation events. The hosts of a single parasite or of closely related
 parasites were nonetheless most frequently recovered from members of the
 same host taxonomic family, more so than expected by chance. However,
 global assessments of the relationship between parasite and host
 phylogenetic trees, using Component and ParaFit, failed to detect
 significant cospeciation. The event-based approach employed by TreeFitter
 revealed significant cospeciation and duplication with certain cost
 assignments for these events, but host switching was consistently more
 prominent in matching the parasite tree to the host tree. The absence of a
 global cospeciation signal despite conservative host distribution most
 likely reflects relatively frequent acquisition of new hosts by individual
 parasite lineages. Understanding these processes will require a more
 refined species concept for malaria parasites and more extensive sampling
 of parasite distributions across hosts. If parasites can disperse between
 allopatric host populations through alternative hosts, cospeciation may
 not have a strong influence on the architecture of host–parasite
 relationships. Rather, parasite speciation may happen more often in
 conjunction with the acquisition of new hosts followed by divergent
 selection between host lineages in sympatry. Detailed studies of the
 phylogeographic distributions of hosts and parasites are needed to
 characterize these events.
description: DataRicklefs_Coevolution.nexData tableRicklefs_data_table.html
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h8p2r
title: Data from: Labor market integration of people with disabilities: results from the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study

description: Objectives: We aimed to describe labor market participation (LMP) of
 persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Switzerland, to examine potential
 determinants of LMP, and to compare LMP between SCI and the general
 population. Methods: We analyzed data from 1458 participants of employable
 age from the cross-sectional community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord
 Injury Cohort Study. Data on LMP of the Swiss general population were
 obtained from the Swiss Federal Statistics Office. Factors associated with
 employment status as well as the amount of work performed in terms of
 full-time equivalent (FTE) were examined with regression techniques.
 Results: 53.4% of the participants were employed at the time of the study.
 Adjusted odds of being employed were increased for males (OR=1.73, 95% CI
 1.33 - 2.25) and participants with paraplegia (OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.40 -
 2.27). The likelihood of being employed showed a significant concave
 relationship with age, peaking at age 40. The relation of LMP with
 education was s-shaped, while LMP was linearly related to time since
 injury. On average, employment rates were 30% lower than in the general
 population. Males with tetraplegia aged between 40 and 54 showed the
 greatest difference. From the 771 employed persons, the majority (81.7%)
 worked part-time with a median of 50% FTE (IRQ: 40%-80%). Men, those with
 younger age, higher education, incomplete lesions, and non-traumatic
 etiology showed significantly increased odds of working more hours a week.
 Significantly more people worked part-time than in the general population
 with the greatest difference found for males with tetraplegia aged between
 40 and 54. Conclusions: LMP of persons with SCI is comparatively high in
 Switzerland. LMP after SCI is, however, considerably lower than in the
 general population. Future research needs to show whether the reduced LMP
 in SCI reflects individual capacity adjustment, contextual constraints or
 both on higher LMP.
description: Repository data to
 Reinhardt et al, PLoS ONEEXCEL File. See Excel
 Sheet "Description of data sets" for detail.Description of data in
 Reinhardt et al PLoS ONE.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6s48579
title: Data from: Reproductive performance of a tropical apex predator in an unpredictable habitat

description: Variation in life history traits is directly linked to individual fitness.
 This interplay is complicated by environmental perturbations in an
 unpredictable habitat. To maximise fitness, individuals react to
 environmental changes by reallocating resources between maintenance,
 growth and reproduction. Disentangling these factors is complicated as
 traits are interlinked by trade-offs between current reproduction and
 future survival and reproduction. This study provides first estimates of
 life history traits and trade-offs of a tropical apex predator, the
 Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki), in an unpredictable habitat, the
 Galapagos archipelago. Thirteen years of individual data on birth mass,
 early growth and offspring, and environmental data allowed the examination
 of factors influencing reproductive performance of adult females and
 calculation of pupping rates. Females became primiparous between ages 4
 and 9. Neither oceanographic nor body condition in the females’ first year
 of life influenced age at primiparity. Age at primiparity had no effect on
 a female’s birth rate, on average one pup every 2 years. Sex of a pup did
 not influence the subsequent inter-birth interval, but first-year pup
 survival lengthened it. Until age 6, females showed lower birth rate
 (&lt; 0.40). Fecundity was higher between age 6 and 14 (birth rate
 0.40–0.48). We could not detect an influence of inter-annually differing
 oceanographic conditions on pupping rates. Female Galapagos sea lions
 appear to deal with variation in early-life history traits and
 environmental unpredictability by a low but stable reproductive output
 modified only by the trade-off between current and future reproduction.
description: RMarkdown file and all
 input files used for publicationDatafiles used in
 publication.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.378qm5j
title: Data from: Combining data‐derived priors with postrelease monitoring data to predict persistence of reintroduced populations

description: Monitoring is an essential part of reintroduction programs, but many years
 of data may be needed to obtain reliable population projections. This
 duration can potentially be reduced by incorporating prior information on
 expected vital rates (survival and fecundity) when making inferences from
 monitoring data. The prior distributions for these parameters can be
 derived from data for previous reintroductions, but it is important to
 account for site‐to‐site variation. We evaluated whether such informative
 priors improved our ability to estimate the finite rate of increase (λ) of
 the North Island robin (Petroica longipes) population reintroduced to
 Tawharanui Regional Park, New Zealand. We assessed how precision improved
 with each year of postrelease data added, comparing models that used
 informative or uninformative priors. The population grew from about 22 to
 80 individuals from 2007 to 2016, with λ estimated to be 1.23 if density
 dependence was included in the model and 1.13 otherwise. Under either
 model, 7 years of data were required before the lower 95% credible limit
 for λ was &gt; 1, giving confidence that the population would persist.
 The informative priors did not reduce this requirement. Data‐derived
 priors are useful before reintroduction because they allow λ to be
 estimated in advance. However, in the case examined here, the value of the
 priors was overwhelmed once site‐specific monitoring data became
 available. The Bayesian method presented is logical for reintroduced
 populations. It allows prior information (used to inform prerelease
 decisions) to be integrated with postrelease monitoring. This makes full
 use of the data for ongoing management decisions. However, if the priors
 properly account for site‐to‐site variation, they may have little
 predictive value compared with the site‐specific data. This value will
 depend on the degree of site‐to‐site variation as well as the quality of
 the data.
description: Population model
 survival and fecundity data in spreadsheet formatFecundity and survival
 data on Petroica longipes collected in the field at Tawharanui Regional
 Park, New Zealand. Fecundity and survival components of the model are on
 separate sheets and abbreviations are explained in the internal cell
 comments. Full understanding of how the data was modelled requires reading
 the spreadsheet with the model and its respective annotations in Appendix
 S3.Spreadsheet of Popn Model
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2n68
title: Data from: Do impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing shrub on Douglas-fir and its ectomycorrhizal mutualism change over time following invasion?

description: 1. Impacts of invasive species may change in magnitude and even direction
 with invasion age. Impacts could increase as the population increases,
 individuals grow in size, and ecological changes accumulate. 2. We used a
 chronosequence approach to characterize the development of soil impacts
 over time following the invasion of Cytisus scoparius, a widespread
 nitrogen-fixing shrub thought to limit reforestation success. In a
 greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how abundance of ectomycorrhizal
 fungi, Douglas-fir performance, and leaf nitrogen changed across a 3-31
 year chronosequence of invasion. Each of the chronosequence sites were
 clearcuts where reforestation efforts were unsuccessful and where C.
 scoparius invaded. To estimate the contributions of the invasion
 separately from contributions of the accompanying disturbance, i.e.
 deforestation, we included soils from both invaded and uninvaded patches
 in each site of the chronosequence. In a complementary soil conditioning
 experiment, we examined the separate effects of host absence and invader
 presence on the mycorrhizal mutualism, leaf nitrogen, and seedling growth.
 3. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was lower in invaded soil, but this effect
 did not intensify with time. Despite the suppression of the mutualism,
 Douglas-fir grew larger in invaded soils. This positive response is likely
 due to nitrogen fertilization, a conclusion supported by higher
 concentrations of leaf nitrogen of Douglas-fir grown in invaded soils.
 While leaf N concentration increased with invasion duration, Douglas-fir
 survival and growth did not. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that soil
 impacts of an invader can develop rapidly and can be surprisingly stable
 over time. In such systems, recently invaded areas may be as difficult to
 restore as long invaded areas, especially where ectomycorrhizal fungi are
 important drivers of reforestation success. More chronosequence studies or
 long time series are needed to evaluate whether this is a general pattern.
description: Journal of Ecology
 chronosequence dataEach tab of this file is
 a different measured response variable.The response variables include:
 aboveground biomass, root biomass, total leaf N, percent leaf N,
 ectomycorrhizal colonization, seed germination and plant survival. Data
 from the soil conditioning experiment begin with SC and the data used in
 the chronosequence experiment are described with CH.Journal of ecology
 chronosequence data.xlsx