cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1552
title: Coagulation and flocculation of metalworking fluid wastewater by polyacrylamide and polyaluminum chloride

description: A coagulation/flocculation process was studied for treatment of metalworking fluid (MWF) wastewater, using cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) or polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as coagulant with the flocculant, anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). The removal efficiency of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) as well as the effluent pH were the main evaluating parameters for the treatment of synthetic and real MWF wastewater. The results revealed that all removal increased as coagulant dose increased. For synthetic wastewater at 10% oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, the optimum doses of both coagulants used were higher than at 3% O/W emulsion. Flocculant dose showed slight effect but beneficial of floc size, especially coagulated by PAC. At the optimum CPAM dosage for synthetic wastewater at 3% and 10% O/W emulsion, removal of turbidity, COD and TSS were higher than 96%. While at optimum PAC dosage, removal of turbidity, COD and TSS were higher than 97%. The pH of wastewater showed a marked effect on PAC performance but practically not affected on CPAM performance. The optimum efficiency was achieved at pH range 6-9. Moreover, pH of the effluent treated by PAC led to a pH decrease but was not changed when treated by CPAM. For real wastewaters, the use of PAC appeared more efficient than CPAM. However, the flocs formed using PAC were unstable and smaller than that using CPAM.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1524
title: Optimal completion for horizontal injector and producer

description: Horizontal wells have long been used to improve hydrocarbon recovery efficiency in waterflooding process because they provide better sweep efficiency than conventional vertical wells. Many waterflooding studies modeled the horizontal wells as non-friction wells, which overestimated the well performance. Due to friction pressure loss along the horizontal section, there exists a high pressure difference between the wellbore and the reservoir near the heel and low pressure difference near the toe of the injector and producer, generating a non-uniform water front. This results in reduction of areal sweep efficiency and early breakthrough. In order to keep the flood front uniform, the well cannot be uniformly completed but must be carefully designed for closed and open intervals. The completions that give rise to uniform front of water flowing out of the injector to the producer are referred to as optimal completion. In this study, a reservoir simulator was used to develop the optimal completion along the horizontal length via multi-segment well model in a homogeneous reservoir. A methodology to develop such completion is described. Several simulation runs were performed under different operating flow rates and mobility ratios of the injected and produced fluids to determine which conditions the optimal completion has high impact on recovery improvement. The simulation results indicate that optimal completion is recommended over conventional completion with equally completed intervals when in case with high operating flow rate and high mobility ratio.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1525
title: Baguette as a symbol of French culture in Indochina

description: The aim of this thesis is to study the role and influence of French culture through food, especially the baguette. This kind of French food has become a unique characteristic of food culture in the lower Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) countries, namely, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia, which formerly constituted French Indochina. The method for this study is qualitative in nature, consisting of documentary research, interviews, and direct observations. The field study was restricted to the large cities in the three countries. The main field-research areas are Vientiane in Lao PDR, and Ho Chi Minh City and Phnom Penh in Vietnam and Cambodia, respectively. All three countries were once under French rule; they are thus areas where there exists widespread consumption of baguette – a factor which was favorable to field-data collection by the researcher. The research has found that the baguette, or “khao chi” in Lao, originated in the 19th century. It is believed that a cook from Vienna was the originator of this kind of bread. Baguette is made from flour, water, salt, and yeast. It is sometimes known, in Thai and Lao as “chicken-leg bread”, or sticks in English. This kind of bread was introduced into the lower GMS countries by French ruling elite and their servants under the colonial regime. The influence of the ruling elite was also felt among the local people in high society in large urban areas under French rule in Laos during 1893-1954. The consumption of baguette was later spread to the middle-class people in the countryside following the end of French rule in 1954. Consisting of simple ingredients, together with simple production process, khao chi could easily be fused with the culinary traditions of the local populations, who, in adopting it, have adapted it to their traditional foods. The baguette has thus become popular among people of all social classes and can be found on sale in various forms and sizes in both urban and rural areas. This study has contributed to an understanding of the nature and process of adopting French culture, whose legacy is still present and has become an eating habit, especially of the Lao people, today. This legacy can be seen in all large cities in Laos, where it is generally known as “khao chi pate”.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1526
title: 4-dimensional quadratic functional equations of pexider type

description: The multidimensional quadratic functional equations of Pexider type in the form [equation] (1) where [equation] and [equation] will be considered. In particular when n=3 and n=4, we have respectively the equations [equation] and [equation] In this thesis, we first solve the equation (1) when n=3. By applying this result, we obtained the general solutions for the case n=4.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1527
title: Linear transformation subsemigroups of LR(V,W) admitting the structure of a semihyperring with zero

description: A semihyperring with zero is a triple (A,+,#) such that (A,+) is a semihypergroup, (A,#) is a semigroup, # is distributive over + and there exists 0(called a zero) in A such that x+0=0+x is singleton x and x#0=0#x=0 for all x in A. We say that a semigroup S admits the structure of a semihyperring with zero if there exists a hyperoperation + on S with zero such that (S with zero,+,#) is a semihyperring with zero where # is the operation on S. Let V be a vector space over a division ring R , W a subspace of V and LR(V,W) the semigroup of all linear transformations from V into W under composition. For each q in LR(V,W) , let F(q) consist of all elements in V fixed by q. Let OMR(V,W) be set of all linear transformations from V into W such that dimension of kernel is infinite, OER(V,W) be set of q in LR(V,W) such that dimension of (W/Im q) is infinite, GR(V,W) be set of q in LR(V,W) such that q restrict on W is isomorphism, AIR(V,W*) be set of q in LR(V,W) such that dimension of (W/F(q)) is finite and AIR(V*,W) be set of q in LR(V,W) such that dimension of(V/F(q)) is finite. Moreover, let H, S and T be subsemigroups of GR(V,W), AIR(V,W*) and AIR(V*,W), respectively. We show that OMR(V,W) and OER(V,W) union H, S and T are semigroups. Furthermore, we determine whether they admit the structure of a semihyperring with zero.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1528
title: Crustal deformation in Thailand using global positionning system (GPS) data and strain analysis

description: The objective of this research is to study how Sudaland block, especially Thailand, deforms before and after the Sumatra-Andaman 2004 mega-earthquake by using GPS measurement and strain analysis. The studies used data, colleted between 1994 and 2006, from 6 regional GPS sites consisting of Phuket, Chumporn, Chonburi, Uthaithanee, Srisaket and Lampang in Thailand, and one GPS site from the northern part of Malaysia. During 1994-2004 before the mega-earthquake on the December 26, 2004, it was found that Thailand as the whole area had moved horizontally nearly at the same rate to the east with the average rate of approximately 33.2 ± 1.1 millimeters per year. The horizontal strain rate was found to be less than 30 nanostrain per year, which was not significant. However, this horizontal strain rate showed the similarity in pattern as the movement of Sagaing fault. After the mega-earthquake, it caused the change of horizontal movement in the direction to southwest at the different rates. It was also found that Thailand has the principal strain rate tensors as the extension type in the direction of northeast – southwest. The strain rate tensors were agreed with the movement of Sumatran trench. In addition, the results revealed that the Nias earthquake produced the same velocities and strain rates pattern as the mega-earthquake. This implies that the Nias earthquake is an aftershock of the mega-earthquake.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1529
title: An assessment of the association of organochlorine pesticide contamination and reproductive effects on the snail-eating turtle (Malayemys Macrocephala) in the lower Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand

description: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent and bioaccumulative toxicants that may cause reproductive impairments in wildlife as well as human. It is thus important to examine the extent of contamination and the potential reproductive effects on the animals living in area with history of OCP uses. In this study, the snail-eating turtle (Malayemys macrocephala) is used as a sentinel for OCP contamination in the Chao Phraya River Basin because it is a long-lived vertebrate with a home range overlapping a potentially affected area. Study on nesting and reproductive biology showed that M. macrocephala has clutch size of 3-10 eggs, egg size of 22 x 38 mm and egg weight of 11.6 g. Egg incubation in a temperature-controlled incubator resulted in incubation period of 82-186 days with hatching success of 36-54%. A novel non-invasive sexing technique has been developed based on a morphometric study and can be used to predict sex of juvenile turtle with an accuracy of 85.3%. Incubation at different temperatures resulted in different sex ratio suggesting that M. macrocephala has temperature-dependent sex determination. Analyses for OCP residues in nest soil, female blood and complete clutch of eggs revealed detectable levels in nest soil and turtle eggs. OCP residue analysis in eggs showed that 5 groups of OCPs (HCHs, chlordanes, DDTs, endosulfans, and aldrin and dieldrin) were detected in turtle eggs, and HCHs was the most predominant residues. Egg incubation at 29 ℃ revealed the hatching success of 66.95% and the neonate survival rate of 92.40%. Although no correlation between OCP levels and survival rate was found, the levels of Σchlordane in eggs were positively correlated with percentage of hatchling that requires assistance after egg pipping in order to emerge from eggshell. Levels of ∑HCH in eggs were found to associate with an increased incidence of deformities in M. macrocephala. Levels of OCP residue in eggs were also found to skew the sex ratio toward male-biased ratio. Overall, the results indicated that, although OCPs had been banned, their low level contamination is still present in central agricultural plain of Thailand. Associations between OCP residues and hatching success, deformities and sex ratio of the turtles suggest the potential ecological risk of OCP contamination on reproductive health and population status of the long-lived vertebrate living in area with history of OCP utilization.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1553
title: Dye sensitized solar cell with Fe2O3/TiO2, WO3/TiO2 OR CeO2/TiO2 electrode layer

description: A titanium dioxide electrode layer for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was prepared from ultrasonic spray coating of TiO₂ sol, which was synthesized via a sol-gel method. The effects of sintering temperature, film thickness, and modification of TiO₂ layer by another metal oxide on the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell were studied. The highest efficiency for pure TiO₂ electrode was obtained when the number of coats of TiO₂ layer was 250, corresponding to a thickness of ca. 5 µm, and a sintering temperature for TiO2 layer of 400℃. The preparation of the Fe₂O₃/TiO₂, WO₃/TiO₂ and CeO₂/TiO₂ electrode layers with different weight ratio was also based on sol–gel methods. The mixed metal oxides possessed larger specific surface areas than pure TiO₂ did. Large specific area brought about improvement on short-circuit photocurrent and solar energy conversion efficiency when compared to a cell that was fabricated by pure TiO₂ electrode, except the case of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂. Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ electrode gave rise to DSSC because Fe⁺³ acted as a recombination center for the photogenerated charge carriers, which was evident from decline in both ISC and VOC. The efficiency of the cell with WO₃/TiO₂ electrode was lower when number of TiO₂ coats exceeded 150. The cell that incorporated 1 wt% CeO₂/TiO₂ electrode with number of TiO₂ layers was 250, which was sintered at 400℃, produced the best solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.23%.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1555
title: Parallel approach to genetic algorithms for evolvable hardware

description: The thesis proposes the cellular compact genetic algorithm (CCGA), which is a parallel probabilistic model-building genetic algorithm for evolvable hardware. CCGA replaces traditional migration of individuals with the probabilistic migration. Each CCGA node uses the traditional compact GA with elitism. CCGA employs adaptive combination of probability vectors from its neighbors. CCGA can solve hard problems of bounded difficulty. With parallel approach, CCGA supports scalability. In addition, CCGA is designed for hardware implementation. The scalable hardware architecture for CCGA is proposed. For each node of CCGA, the scalable hardware architecture supports expandable number of variables to be optimized with flexible precision and expandable chromosome length. Evolvable hardware based-on Cellular Genetic Algorithm (CCGA) and Block-based neural network (BBNN) is presented. The layer-based architecture is proposed for integrating CCGA with BBNN in hardware. A hardware design of BBNN neurons is proposed. The link-multiplexed concept is used for hardware design of BBNN neurons. The proposed evolvable hardware based-on CCGA and BBNN is applied to the problem of online ECG signal classification. This demonstrates that CCGA can solve the real-world problems. The proposed evolvable hardware can be implemented in FPGA or ASIC for a portable personalized ECG signal classifications for long term patient monitoring.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1556
title: Comparisons of pharmacokinetics and genetic polymorphisms between type 2 diabetic patients with and without edema conditions when treated with thiazolidinediones

description: The purpose of this study were to determine the prevalence of thiazolidinediones (TZDs)-induces edema, the role of different genetic polymorphisms on TZDs-induced edema in type 2 diabetic patients, and to compare doses and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of pioglitazone between patients with and without edema conditions. Medical chart of 278 diabetic patients using TZD at Ramathibodi hospital were reviewed to determine the prevalence of TZDs-induces edema and the demographic factors which might influencing the risk of edema. 25 patients who came to follow-up treatment at the medical outpatient clinic and agree to participate were recruited for pharmacokinetic study, two blood samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed pioglitazone concentrations by HPLC-UV method, then, PK parameters were determined. Blood sample of 134 patients were analyzed for SNPs of endothelin-1 (ENDO1; rs5370) and epithelial sodium channel β subunit (SCNN1B; rs34241435) by Tag polymerase and LightCycler 480 SYBR Green I Master system. The prevalence of edema in patients using TZD combined with other anti-diabetic drugs identified in this study was 13.7% (15.1% for pioglitazone and 12.2% for rosiglitazone). Factors influencing the risk of edema in patients who were using TZD were age, sex, macrovascular diseases, ACEI use, high dose of TZD, and co-medication with insulin. The PK parameters of pioglitazone were not different between edema and non-edema groups. However, Ke, t1/2, and CL values of patients who were stabilized on high dose of pioglitazone were significantly different from those who were stabilized on low dose of pioglitazone. Lower Ke and CL were found in non-edema patients who stabilized on 15 mg dose of pioglitazone as compared to those who were stabilized on 30 mg dose of pioglitazone, lower dose of pioglitazone were therefore required for controlling blood glucose. This study found the rate of allele frequency of ENDO1 in Thai patients to be 32.1%, while no allele frequency could be found for SCNN1B. The polymorphisms frequency of ENDO1 showed no significantly different between edema and non-edema groups.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1557
title: Hydrodynamic and mass transfer of benzene absorption process in bubble column

description: The objective of this work is to study the hydrophobic VOCs absorption process in terms of bubble hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters in bubble column (4.4 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height). The absorbate used in this work were benzene and the absorbent used in this work were the aqueous solution of non-ionic surfactant and oil-in-water emulsion with non-ionic surfactant, respectively. Moreover, the ranges of surfactant concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 CMC), oil-in-water concentrations (50 and 300 mg/L) were analyzed with the gas flow rates applied 0.5, 1.3, 2.2, 3.0 ml/s. The analytical parameters were the VOCs removal efficiency, bubble hydrodynamic parameters, and also the mass transfer parameters. This result has shown that the VOCs removal efficiency obtained in liquid phase containing with oil-in-water emulsion absorbent (47.67%) were greater than those obtained with surfactant absorbent (27.56) and tap water (8.97%). These results relate with the augmentation of benzene solubility in liquid phase due to the lubricant oil and surfactants presence in liquid phase. Moreover, the VOCs removal efficiency obtained experimentally correspond with the overall mass transfer coefficient (K[subscript L]a) that is the product between the interfacial area (a) and the liquid-film mass transfer coefficient (K[subscript L]). It can be stated that, not only the influence of high gas flow rates can caused the increasing of K[subscript L]a and a, but also the decreasing of VOCs removal efficiency due to the desorption or stripping process that related to the power mixing in liquid phase. This desorption phenomena obtained with oil-in-water emulsion was more pronounces than those obtained with other liquid phases. Furthermore, it can be noted that the values of a and K[subscript L] are compensated to each other that can be effected to the K[subscript L]a coefficient in case of liquid phase containing of oil-in-water emulsion and aqueous solution of surfactant. Moreover, small effect of surfactants and oil-in water emulsion on the K[subscript L] coefficients was observed at high concentrations injected in liquid phase. Therefore, the appropriate gas flow rates providing the suitable bubble hydrodynamic condition and also concentrations of surfactant and oil-in-water emulsion as absorbents were essential to provide the high removal efficiency of benzene absorption process. By considering the preparation of absorbent, wastewater treatment, and removal efficiency, it can be concluded that the additional of surfactant at 5 CMC was suggested for absorbent used in this study.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1531
title: Preparation and characterization of silk sericin microparticles

description: Silk sericin microparticles are obtained from precipitation of sericin solution in organic solvent (methanol, ethanol and iso-propanol) which develops a novel technique for preparation silk sericin microparticles in mass scale. The solution was prepared from boiling solution of silk fiber with degumming agent (distilled water, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and citric acid). Effects of organic solvent on the molecular characteristics of silk sericin microparticles were investigated by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results of ATR FT-IR spectra elucidated that the conformation of the silk sericin microparticles were changed from random coil to β-sheet after treatment. The appearance of β-sheet conformation may be associated with the packing of molecular chains. The secondary structure of silk sericin microparticles treated in methanol had more β-sheet structure than that treated in iso-propanol. The results indicated that the secondary structure of silk sericin microparticles could be controlled by organic solvent from the preparation. The morphology of silk sericin microparticles was observed by scanning electron microscope. The average particle size of silk sericin microparticles were about 5 μm but it does not completely isolate arising from its native structure. Silk sericin microparticles can apply for silver nanoparticles deposition. Silver nanoparticles are very well dispersed and deposited on silk sericin microparticles.
DOI: 10.14457/cu.the.2008.1532
title: Enhancing treatment efficiency of wastewater containing aniline by electro-fenton process

description: Aniline degradation was investigated using a cylindrical reactor with IrO₂/RuO₂ coated titanium metal anodes and stainless steel cathodes. A systematic experimental design was used as an initial screening process to determine the significant parameter (Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, pH and current) on aniline and COD removals. Results show that Fe²⁺, H₂O₂ and pH were the main factors affecting on the process performance. The Box-Behnken design was used to specify the optimum conditions from 16 experimental data. The optimized conditions for aniline and COD removals were 1.79 mM, 72 mM and 2 for Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, and pH, respectively. Under these conditions, aniline and COD removals were estimated to be 100 and 57.12%, respectively. The experiment performed under these optimum conditions provided the data which agreed very well with these estimations. In addition, the stepwise or continuous addition of H₂O₂ was more effective than the addition of H₂O₂ in a single step. Furthermore, the delay in electrical current supply for electro-Fenton process provides a possibility in reducing power consumption while maintaining the system performance.