DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr83v
title: Data for: Temperature and hygrometry of amphibian agar models in behavioral simulation and operational temperature of two forested areas

description: We investigated how thermoregulatory behaviors affect
 hydro-thermoregulation in anurans, using agar models as a sampling unit,
 simulating four behaviors related to behavioral fever and sickness
 behavior. We collected data in two forest environments (Wet forest and
 transitional forest) in the Parque Estadual Intervales (PEI), an Integral
 Conservation Unit of the Atlantic Forest (24°12' - 24°25' S;
 48°03 - 48°30' W). The Wet forest is a mature Atlantic Forest, and
 the Transitional forest is a young secondary forest adjacent to open
 areas.  We measured operational temperatures (temperatures of
 inanimate objects comparable to real frog species in size and shape) of
 agar models across 8 replicates in the two forest environments. We also
 measured agar models' temperature and water loss in different
 behavior simulations. In each transect, we used eight sampling unit
 (called tetrad) that was composed of two sets of four sensor-fit agar
 models. One of the sets was used to collect the operational temperature of
 the forest areas. These agar models were fitted with a 170 cm HOBO® Data
 Logger (U12-008) sensor programmed to record the temperature every 15
 min.  The second set of tetrads was used to collect the agar
 models' body temperature and water loss in different behavior
 simulations. The behavioral simulations were defined as: (a) strong
 behavioral fever (SBF); (b) apathy behavior (AB); (c) single
 thermoregulatory event (STE); and (d) control model (CO). After the
 temperature data were collected at 0600 h, three of the agar models (SBF,
 AB, and STE) were moved immediately, each one according to their
 corresponding protocol (SBF: Warmest Neighboring Site, AB: closest
 shelter, mainly small burrows, or accumulations of leaf litter; STE:
 Alternative Warmest Neighboring site). The selection of the places was
 made by using a FLIR TG165 Thermal Imaging Thermometer. One hour later, at
 about 0700 h, and hereafter hourly, a similar procedure was repeated, but
 only the SBF model required movement. We placed each model within 5 cm of
 another in this set to ensure similar initial thermal conditions. These
 tetrads were left undisturbed overnight, and no manipulation occurred
 after 2000 h. On the next day, at 0600 h, we measured the surface
 temperatures of the models and immediately applied the corresponding
 behavioral rule. This procedure was performed hourly until 2000 h. To
 analyze water loss, we recorded the mass of each model at 0600 h just
 after measuring temperature and repeated this every two hours. We used a
 portable balance (A&D Newton EJ-123, 0.01g accuracy) and
 calculated water loss rates from the difference between the initial model
 mass and mass measured at each subsequent 2-hour period. We express water
 loss as a percentage of maximum hydration.
description: To collect data on the temperature of the two forest areas, we
 used a tetrad sampling unit. This tetrad consisted of 4 agar models fitted
 with a 170 cm HOBO® Data Logger (U12-008) sensor programmed to record the
 temperature every 15 min. We placed one tetrad across 8 different
 replicates in a transects in each forest environment. The distance between
 tetrads was from 5 to 7 m, and the distance between models within a tetrad
 was based on sensor length (about 250 cm). We collected operational
 temperature data continuously over the sampling period using eight
 tetrads, all of which were set to collect data for five consecutive days.
 We sampled Wet Forest first (23 to 27 October 2016), then Transitional
 Forest (29 October to 2 November 2016). To collect data on body
 temperature and water loss of agar models, we used eight similar tetrad in
 the same transects explained above. However, for the behavior data, we did
 not use temperature sensors. Instead, we collected body temperature using
 a Raytek Pro Infrared Thermometer placed 2 cm above a model's surface
 to measure model temperature. As those behavior models were moved
 constantly depending on their behavior, we used a FLIR TG165 Thermal
 Imaging Thermometer to visualize the thermograms of the soil surface to
 select the Warmest Neighboring Site and Alternative Warmest Neighboring
 Site. For water loss measures, we weighted each model at 0600 h after
 measuring temperature and repeated this every two hours. We used a
 portable balance (A&D Newton EJ-123, 0.01g accuracy) and
 calculated water loss rates from the difference between the initial model
 mass and mass measured at each subsequent 2-hour period. We express water
 loss as a percentage of maximum hydration.