cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3cb61
title: Data from: Successful by chance? the power of mixed models and neutral simulations for the detection of individual fixed heterogeneity in fitness components

description: Heterogeneity in fitness components consists of fixed heterogeneity due to
 latent differences fixed throughout life (e.g. genetic variation), and
 dynamic heterogeneity generated by stochastic variation. Their relative
 magnitude is crucial for evolutionary processes, as only the former may
 allow for adaptation. However, the importance of fixed heterogeneity in
 small populations has recently been questioned. Using neutral simulations
 (NS), several studies failed to detect fixed heterogeneity, thus
 challenging previous results from mixed models (MM). To understand the
 causes of this discrepancy, we estimate the statistical power and false
 positive rate of both methods, and apply them to empirical data from a
 wild rodent population. While MM show high false positive rates if
 confounding factors are not accounted for, they have high statistical
 power to detect real fixed heterogeneity. In contrast, NS are also subject
 to high false positive rates, but have always low power. Indeed, MM
 analyses of the rodent population data show significant fixed
 heterogeneity in reproductive success, whereas NS analyses do not. We
 suggest that fixed heterogeneity may be more common than is suggested by
 NS, and that NS are useful only if more powerful methods are not
 applicable and if they are complemented by a power analysis.
description: Life
 historiesSurvival and
 reproductive success for all known individuals from 2006 to 2012, in the
 snow vole population of the Churer Joch, Churwalden,
 Switzerland.LifeHistories.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n34s9
title: Data from: Cross-habitat effects shape the ecosystem consequences of co-invasion by a pelagic and a benthic consumer

description: Invasive species can have major impacts on ecosystems, yet little work has
 addressed the combined effects of multiple invaders that exploit different
 habitats. Two common invaders in aquatic systems are pelagic fishes and
 crayfishes. Pelagic-oriented fish effects are typically strong on the
 pelagic food web, whereas crayfish effects are strong on the benthic food
 web. Thus, co-invasion may generate strong ecological responses in both
 habitats. We tested the effects of co-invasion on experimental pond
 ecosystems using two widespread invasive species, one pelagic (western
 mosquitofish) and one benthic (red swamp crayfish). As expected,
 mosquitofish had strong effects on the pelagic food web, reducing the
 abundance of Daphnia and causing a strong trophic cascade (increase in
 phytoplankton). Crayfish had strong effects on the benthic food web,
 reducing the abundance of benthic filamentous algae. Yet, we also found
 evidence for important cross-habitat effects. Mosquitofish treatments
 reduced the biomass of benthic filamentous algae, and crayfish treatments
 increased Daphnia and phytoplankton abundance. Combined effects of
 mosquitofish and crayfish were primarily positively or negatively
 additive, and completely offsetting for some responses, including gross
 primary production (GPP). Though co-invasion did not affect GPP, it
 strongly shifted primary production from the benthos into the water
 column. Effects on snail abundance revealed an interaction; snail
 abundance decreased only in the presence of both invaders. These results
 suggest that cross-habitat effects of co-invaders may lead to a variety of
 ecological outcomes; some of which may be unpredictable based on an
 understanding of each invader alone.
description: Fryxell_et_al_2016_Oecologia_Dryad_dataAll data which appears in the article
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.65vk4
title: Data from: Dung beetles reduce livestock gastrointestinal parasite availability on pasture

description: Anthelmintics are widely used to control gastrointestinal parasites of
 livestock. However, the residues of these compounds, particularly the
 macrocyclic lactones, are excreted largely unmetabolised in faeces, where
 they may have toxic effects on dung-colonising insects. Impoverishment of
 the coprophagous beetle community impairs the process of dung recycling
 and, as a result, may enhance the persistence of dung-dwelling helminth
 parasitic stages. To test this possibility, a large-scale field trial was
 conducted in south-west England. The availability of infective parasite
 helminth larvae (L3) was investigated on the herbage around 240 artificial
 1 kg dung pats that had been constructed from the faeces of beef cattle
 with naturally acquired strongyle infections. Herbage up to 15 cm
 surrounding each pat was sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after
 deposition. Pats were subject to enhanced, natural or no dung beetle
 colonisation and uncontrolled or enhanced rainfall. Under uncontrolled
 rainfall conditions, 2 weeks after pat deposition, significantly more L3
 were recovered from around pats that were exposed to beetle colonisation
 than from pats that were not colonised. However, by week 8, significantly
 fewer L3 were recovered from around pats that were exposed to beetle
 colonisation compared to uncolonised pats. Under conditions of enhanced
 rainfall, pats yielded significantly more L3 than under uncontrolled
 rainfall conditions, and there were no differences in recovery from
 herbage around pats with enhanced, natural, or no beetle colonisation. The
 data suggest that over the duration of a summer grazing season, temperate
 habitat dung colonizing insect communities, which include mainly small
 endocoprid dung beetles of the genus Aphodius, can reduce the development
 and survival of livestock gastrointestinal parasites on pastures, but that
 this can be overridden by the effect of high rainfall. Synthesis and
 applications. The work demonstrates that conservation of dung beetle
 populations in temperate climates is important in livestock management,
 not only for their essential role in dung degradation and nutrient
 cycling, but because their activity can also reduce the survival and
 availability of gastrointestinal parasites on pastures.
description: Results2015
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.356v3
title: Data from: The role of habitat filtering in the leaf economics spectrum and plant susceptibility to pathogen infection

description: The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes global covariation in the
 traits of plant leaves. The LES is thought to arise from biophysical
 constraints and habitat filtering (ecological selection against unfit
 trait combinations along environmental gradients). However, the role of
 habitat filtering in generating the LES has not been tested
 experimentally. If the process of habitat filtering plays a role in
 generating the LES, the LES could weaken in communities that have yet to
 be filtered by the current environment, for example after abiotic
 environmental change. LES traits are commonly used to predict community
 and ecosystem processes, and if the LES weakens in unfiltered communities,
 LES-based models may no longer apply. In the glasshouse, we experimentally
 simulated three stages of habitat filtering in response to abiotic change:
 from unfiltered, to semi-filtered, to completely filtered communities. In
 each stage, we quantified the strength of the LES and assessed the
 accuracy of trait-based models of an important ecological process,
 pathogen infection. The strength of the LES increased with the
 completeness of habitat filtering, as did the accuracy of trait-based
 models of plant susceptibility to pathogen infection. Synthesis. Our
 results suggest that habitat filtering plays a fundamental role in
 strengthening the trait correlations of the LES and that trait-based
 models may be less accurate when communities have not been filtered by the
 current environment, for example, following rapid environmental change.
description: Trait and infection
 data_Welsh etal_2016Block = experimental
 block; N = nitrogen treatment (0 = low, 1 = high); Spp and Abbr = species
 identity; Lifespan = annual (A) or perennial (P); Proven = geographic
 provenance (E = exotic, N = native); Lf Grow L1-L3 = leaf elongation rate
 (cm/day); Lf emerge = leaf emergence rate (new leaves/day); LMA = leaf
 mass per area (mg/cm2); PN area = maximum photosynthetic capacity per leaf
 area (umol CO2/cm2/s); PN mass = maximum photosynthetic capacity per leaf
 mass (umol CO2/mg/s); %N = percent tissue nitrogen; %C = percent tissue
 carbon; C:N = tisssue carbon:nitrogen ratio, ELISA score = infected when
 inoculated (1 = yes, 2 = no); time.block = experimental time block for
 planting, trait measurements, and inoculation; Completely filtered? = data
 included in the completely filtered scenario (1 = yes, 2 = no);
 Semi-filtered? = data included in the semi-filtered scenario (1 = yes, 2 =
 no); Unfiltered? = data included in the unfiltered scenario (1 = yes, 2 =
 no).GH
 Suscept F10_All cleaned data_for
 Dryad.csvGHsuscept8_MERGED_smoothed_phylogeny_B-K 2008 constraint_1000_Mcal rep Mnut_AbbrPhylogeny used for tests of phylogenetic signal in newick format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq20j
title: Data from: Lytic phages obscure the cost of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

description: The long-term persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria depends on
 their fitness relative to other genotypes in the absence of drugs. Outside
 the laboratory, viruses that parasitize bacteria (phages) are ubiquitous,
 but costs of antibiotic resistance are typically studied in phage-free
 experimental conditions. We used a mathematical model and experiments with
 Escherichia coli to show that lytic phages strongly affect the incidence
 of antibiotic resistance in drug-free conditions. Under phage parasitism,
 the likelihood that antibiotic-resistant genetic backgrounds spread
 depends on their initial frequency, mutation rate and intrinsic growth
 rate relative to drug-susceptible genotypes, because these parameters
 determine relative rates of phage-resistance evolution on different
 genetic backgrounds. Moreover, the average cost of antibiotic resistance
 in terms of intrinsic growth in the antibiotic-free experimental
 environment was small relative to the benefits of an increased mutation
 rate in the presence of phages. This is consistent with our theoretical
 work indicating that, under phage selection, typical costs of antibiotic
 resistance can be outweighed by realistic increases in mutability if drug
 resistance and hypermutability are genetically linked, as is frequently
 observed in clinical isolates. This suggests the long-term distribution of
 antibiotic resistance depends on the relative rates at which different
 lineages adapt to other types of selection, which in the case of phage
 parasitism is probably extremely common, as well as costs of resistance
 inferred by classical in vitro methods.
description: CompetitionsDetailed descriptions of all data files are given in the ReadMe file.MetapopulationsDetailed descriptions of all files are given in the ReadMe file attached to Competitions.csvVariable_frequencyDetailed descriptions of all files are given in the ReadMe file attached to Competitions.csvMutator_compsDetailed descriptions of all files are given in the ReadMe file attached to Competitions.csvVariable_MOIDetailed descriptions of all files are given in the ReadMe file attached to Competitions.csv54_Generation_CompsDetailed descriptions of all files are given in the ReadMe file attached to Competitions.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d6446
title: Data from: Female preference functions drive interpopulation divergence in male signalling: call diversity in the bushcricket Ephippiger diurnus

description: Female preferences play a major role in the elaboration and
 diversification of male traits: as a selective pressure on males,
 variation in female preferences can generate population divergence and
 ultimately, speciation. We studied how interpopulation differences in the
 shape of female mate preference functions may have shaped male
 advertisement signals in the bushcricket Ephippiger diurnus. This species
 is distributed as geographically isolated populations with striking
 interpopulation variation in male acoustic signals, most notably in the
 number of syllables per call. Here, we asked whether differences in the
 shape of preference functions exist among populations and whether those
 differences may have driven male signal evolution resulting in the
 observed differences in syllable numbers. Our results reveal fundamental
 differences in female preferences among populations, with differences in
 the overall preference function shape corresponding to differences in male
 signals. These differences in female preferences best explain the major
 differences in male signals among populations. The interpopulation
 variation in signals and preferences potentially reflects the evolutionary
 history of the species and may contribute to further divergence among
 populations and subsequent speciation.
description: Ephippiger diurnus
 preference functionsData on female
 preference and male acoustic signals of 10 populations of the bushcricket
 Ephippiger diurnusephippiger
 dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6s2h0
title: Data from: Grassland invasibility varies with drought effects on soil functioning

description: Although it is known that ecosystems are more susceptible to invasion when
 disturbed, our knowledge of the mechanisms involved remains limited.
 Recent studies indicate that disturbance-induced changes in soil nutrient
 availability could influence community invasibility, but the importance of
 this mechanism in the real world is not known. We tested the hypotheses
 that (i) exotic plant species profit from drought effects on soil
 functioning more than do natives; and (ii) grassland invasibility depends
 on soil responses to drought disturbance, which are greater in soils that
 exhibit a larger nutrient pulse following drought. This was tested in a
 series of grassland sites of contrasting management intensity which we
 subjected to an extreme (40-day) drought, after which seeds from four
 different plant families of native species and related exotics were added
 to soils originating from the drought and control treatments under
 greenhouse conditions. We also examined the performance of seeded native
 species in the field. We expected that intensively managed grasslands with
 bacterial-dominated soils would exhibit a larger nutrient pulse following
 drought, and hence a greater window of opportunity for invasion, than in
 extensively managed grassland soils with fungal-dominated microbial
 communities. Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that exotic
 species grew better in soil that had experienced drought, and had higher
 survival and growth rates than natives in both grassland types. Field
 results showed that drought increased invasibility in intensively managed
 grasslands, but had little impact on survival and growth of seeded species
 on extensively managed grassland soils. Increased invasibility of
 intensively managed grassland soils was associated with a significant soil
 nitrogen pulse following rewetting, which was not detected in the
 extensively managed grasslands. Synthesis. Our results indicate that
 intensively managed grasslands are more prone to invasion following
 drought than are extensively managed grasslands and that this response is
 in part related to differences in microbial community composition which
 regulate nutrient availability in soil following disturbance events. Given
 that extreme climate events are predicted to increase, our findings
 suggest that invasion of exotic species will increase in ecosystems with
 soils that are less resilient to disturbance.
description: DATA_Schrama&Bardgett_JoE_Invasibility_and_soil_community_compositionData behind all figures with the exception of the NMDS (fig S2)ALL_DATA_Schrama&Bardgett.xlsxNMDS (fig S2)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.869cf
title: Data from: The other 96%: can neglected sources of fitness variation offer new insights into adaptation to global change?

description: Mounting research considers whether populations may adapt to global change
 based on additive genetic variance in fitness. Yet selection acts on
 phenotypes, not additive genetic variance alone, meaning that persistence
 and evolutionary potential in the near-term, at least, may be influenced
 by other sources of fitness variation, including non-additive genetic and
 maternal environmental effects. The fitness consequences of these effects,
 and their environmental sensitivity, are largely unknown. Here, applying a
 quantitative genetic breeding design to an ecologically-important marine
 tubeworm, we examined non-additive genetic and maternal environmental
 effects on fitness (larval survival) across three thermal environments. We
 found that these effects are non-trivial and environment-dependent,
 explaining at least 44% of all parentally-derived effects on survival at
 any temperature, and 96% of parental effects at the most stressful
 temperature. Unlike maternal environmental effects, which manifested at
 the latter temperature only, non-additive genetic effects were
 consistently significant and covaried positively across temperatures
 (i.e., parental combinations that enhanced survival at one temperature
 also enhanced survival at elevated temperatures). Thus, while non-additive
 genetic and maternal environmental effects have long been neglected
 because their evolutionary consequences are complex, unpredictable, or
 seen as transient, we argue that they warrant further attention in a
 rapidly warming world.
description: Chirgwin et
 al.Key to the data set are
 as follows. Block = experimental run #, sire= sire ID, dam= dam ID, temp1=
 temperature treatment (1=17C, 2=21C, 3=25C), rep= replicate of each family
 in each environment, survival = proportion of larvae that survived in each
 rep, Season1= period of time data was collected (winter = 1 and
 summer=2).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31155142
title: Deidentified dataset from: Patient-reported experience measures of gastrointestinal endoscopy in China

description: This study developed and validated the Chinese version of the Patient-Reported Experience Measure for gastrointestinal endoscopy, providing a scientific tool to assess patients' diagnostic and treatment experiences. The study identified significant factors influencing patient experience, such as education level and examination methods, offering evidence to support a "patient-centered" care model.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31155142.v1
title: Deidentified dataset from: Patient-reported experience measures of gastrointestinal endoscopy in China

description: This study developed and validated the Chinese version of the Patient-Reported Experience Measure for gastrointestinal endoscopy, providing a scientific tool to assess patients' diagnostic and treatment experiences. The study identified significant factors influencing patient experience, such as education level and examination methods, offering evidence to support a "patient-centered" care model.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3477v
title: Data from: Parallel telomere shortening in multiple body tissues owing to malaria infection

description: Several studies have shown associations between shorter telomere length in
 blood and weakened immune function, susceptibility to infections, and
 increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recently, we have shown that
 malaria accelerates telomere attrition in blood cells and shortens
 lifespan in birds. However, the impact of infections on telomere attrition
 in different body tissues within an individual is unknown. Here, we tested
 whether malarial infection leads to parallel telomere shortening in blood
 and tissue samples from different organs. We experimentally infected
 siskins (Spinus spinus) with the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium
 ashfordi, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
 to measure telomere length in control and experimentally infected siskins.
 We found that experimentally infected birds showed faster telomere
 attrition in blood over the course of infection compared with control
 individuals (repeatedly measured over 105 days post-infection (DPI)).
 Shorter telomeres were also found in the tissue of all six major organs
 investigated (liver, lungs, spleen, heart, kidney, and brain) in infected
 birds compared with controls at 105 DPI. To the best of our knowledge,
 this is the first study showing that an infectious disease results in
 synchronous telomere shortening in the blood and tissue cells of internal
 organs within individuals, implying that the infection induces systemic
 stress. Our results have far-reaching implications for understanding how
 the short-term effects of an infection can translate into long-term costs,
 such as organ dysfunction, degenerative diseases, and ageing.
description: Siskin-RSPB-2016-1184Blood and tissues telomeres data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j8r34
title: Data from: Dopamine disruption increases cleanerfish cooperative investment in novel client partners

description: Social familiarization is a process of gaining knowledge that results from
 direct or indirect participation in social events. Cooperative exchanges
 are thought to be conditional upon familiarity with others. Indeed,
 individuals seem to prefer to engage with those that have previously
 interacted with them, which are more accurate predictors of reward than
 novel partners. On the other hand, highly social animals do seek novelty.
 Truth is that the physiological bases underlying how familiarity and
 novelty may affect cooperative decision-making are still rather obscure.
 Here, we provide the first experimental evidence that the level of the
 dopaminergic influence in cooperative exchanges is constrained to
 mechanisms of social familiarization and novelty in a cleanerfish,
 Labroides dimidiatus. Cleaners were tested against familiar and novel
 Ctenochaetus striatus surgeonfish (a common client species) in
 laboratorial conditions, and were found to spend more time providing
 physical contact (also referred to as tactile stimulation) to familiar
 fish clients. Cleaners use tactile stimulation as a way to reduce the risk
 of a non-rewarding outcome, a behavioural response that is even more
 pronounced when blocking dopamine (DA) D1 receptors. We discovered that
 the influence of DA disruption on cleaners' provision of physical
 contact was dependent on the level of familiarity with its partner, being
 highly exacerbated whenever the client is novel, and unnoticed when
 dealing with a familiar one. Our findings demonstrate that DA mediation
 influences the valuation of partner stimuli and the enhancing investment
 in novel partners, mechanisms that are similar to other vertebrates,
 including humans.
description: Behaviour dataset for
 cleaner-client interactionsDataset comprising the
 behavioural data assessed during familiarity experiments on cleanerfish
 under the effects of dopamine compounds (and control)RSOS-160609.xlsx