cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jsxksn0dg
title: Predator discrimination of prey promotes the predator-mediated coexistence of prey species

description: The predator discrimination of prey can affect predation intensity and the
 prey density-dependence of predators, which has the potential to alter the
 coexistence of prey species. We used a predator–prey population dynamics
 model accounting for the predator’s adaptive diet choice and predator
 discrimination of prey to investigate how the latter influences prey
 coexistence. The model revealed that: (1) prey species that are perceived
 as belonging to the same species by a predator are attacked in the same
 manner, and it is more difficult for them to coexist than those that are
 recognised as different prey species; and (2) prey species that are not
 discriminated by a predator—and therefore cannot coexist—may coexist in
 the presence of an alternative predator that does discriminate between
 them. These results suggest that prey diversity, which favours the
 predator discrimination of prey, and the different capabilities of
 predators to identify prey species both enhance prey coexistence.
description: Numerical calculations were
 performed by python ver 3.8.9. In the case that the time scale of adaptive
 foraging is the same as the population dynamics (G=1), numerical
 calculations were performed in odeint from SciPy ver
 1.8.1. In the case that the time scale of foraging is
 much faster than population dynamics (G&gt;&gt;1), numerical
 calculations were preformed by Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method. If the gain
 that predator species receives from the prey group utilized by the
 predator species, we assume that predator species allocate the same
 foraging effort for the prey group in numerical
 calculations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtgj
title: Establishment of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) on a glacial outwash plain: spatial patterns and decadal processes

description: Most of the Earth’s surface has now been modified by humans. In many
 countries, natural and semi-natural ecosystems mostly occur as islands,
 isolated by land converted to agriculture and a variety of other
 land-uses. In this fragmented state, long-distance dispersal may be the
 only option for species to adapt their ranges in response to changing
 climate. The order of arrival of species may leave a lasting imprint on
 community assembly. Although mostly studied at and above the species
 level, such priority effects also apply at the intraspecific level. We
 suggest that this may be particularly important in subarctic and arctic
 ecosystems. Mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) is
 characterised by great intraspecific variation. We explored
 spatio-temporal patterns of the first two mountain birch generations on a
 homogeneous, early successional glacial outwash plain in SE Iceland that
 was the recipient of spatially extensive long-distance dispersal ca. 30
 years ago. We evaluated the decadal progress of the young population by
 remeasuring in 2018, tree density and growth form, plant size, and
 reproductive effort on 30 transects (150 m2) established in 2008 at four
 sites on the plain and two adjacent sites ca. 10 km away. All
 measured variables showed positive increases, but contrary to our
 predictions of converging dynamics among sites, they had significantly
 diverged. Thus, two of the sites (only 500 m apart) could not be
 distinguished in 2008 but by 2018, one of them had much faster growth
 rates than the other, a higher growth form index reflecting more upright
 tree stature, greater reproductive effort, and much greater
 second-generation seedling recruitment. We discuss two hypotheses that may
 explain the diverging dynamics, site-scale environmental heterogeneity and
 legacies of intraspecific priority effects. 
description: In 2008, four sites were
 established on Skeiðarársandur (S1–S4) and at each one, 150 m2 (3 x 50 m)
 transects were laid out. Within them, maximum plant height, length of the
 longest shoot and number of female catkins were recorded for all mountain
 birch plants. In 2018, a total of 30 transects were resampled
 (5–11 at each site).
 Furthermore, two sites, with three transects each, were established in
 Vatnajökull National Park, ca. 10 km northeast of the Skeiðarársandur
 sites (VM and VS). Plant size and height are used when referring to
 length of its longest shoot and greatest height above ground,
 respectively. We use trees when referring to the largest plant category
 (≥20 cm) in our sample. For the remaining plants in the 2018 resampling,
 plant size was only measured for plants between 1 and 5 cm. Due to their
 large numbers in 2018, we counted but did not measure ≤1 cm plants, and
 the size of all was assigned 1 cm. No first-year seedlings (plants with
 cotyledons) were quantified.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p8cz8w9tn
title: Data for: Effect of heterospecific and conspecific competition on individual differences in tadpole behavior

description: Repeated social interactions with conspecifics and/or heterospecifics
 during early development may drive the differentiation of behaviour among
 individuals. This behavioural differentiation may occur through
 individuals behaving more different from each other on average and/or
 individuals behaving more consistently. Competition is a major form of
 social interaction and its impacts can depend on whether interactions
 occur between conspecifics or heterospecifics and the directionality of a
 response could be specific to different behavioural traits. To test this,
 we reared tungara frog tadpoles (Engystomops pustulosus) either in
 isolation, with a conspecific tadpole or with an aggressive heterospecific
 tadpole, the whistling frog tadpole, Leptodactylus fuscus. In each
 treatment, we measured the body size, activity, exploration and risk
 taking in the presence of a predator in focal E. pustulosus tadpoles six
 times during development. We used univariate and multivariate hierarchical
 mixed effect models to investigate the effect of treatment on mean
 behaviour and on among individual variance between and within individuals
 across behavioural traits. There was a strong effect of competition on
 behaviour, with different population and individual level responses across
 social treatments. Within their home tank, individuals were more
 consistent in their movements under conspecific competition but
 heterospecific competition caused more variance in the average movement
 among individuals. Behavioural responses were also trait specific as
 conspecific competition caused greater variability in movements among
 individuals in a novel environment. The results highlight that the impact
 of competition on inter-individual differences in behaviour is dependent
 on competitor species identity and is trait specific. Keywords: animal
 personality, competition, conspecific, heterospecific, individual
 differences, variance partitioning.
description: We reared tungara frog tadpoles
 (<em>Engystomops pustulosus</em>) either in isolation, with a
 conspecific tadpole or with a heterospecific tadpole. We looked at the
 effect of treatment on body size and behavior by measuring tadpole growth
 and the distance focal <em>E. pustulosus</em> tadpoles swam in
 familiar, novel and predator risk contexts six times during development. 
 We used univariate and multivariate hierarchical mixed effect models
 implemented in R to investigate the effect of treatment on body size, mean
 behavior, variance among individuals, the variance within individuals and
 the repeatability of behaviour in the familiar, novel and predator risk
 contexts as well as how tadpole behavior was correlated between
 contexts.
description: Data can be accessed using RStudio 2021.09.1+372.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zppj
title: Atmospheric river variability over the last millennium driven by annular modes: Part 3 (AR tags for ERA5)

description: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are filamentary structures of intense water vapor
 transport commonly found in the extratropical atmosphere. ARs are a
 crucial component of the Earth’s general circulation: ARs account for up
 to 90% of poleward moisture transport and are a reliable (and sometimes
 extreme) source of precipitation for midlatitude coastal regions around
 the world. Although ARs operate primarily in the extratropics, how ARs
 respond to extratropical climate variability remains poorly understood. In
 this study, we use millennium-long climate model simulations to examine
 how annular modes of climate variability—the dominant mode of climate
 variability in the extratropics in both the Northern and Southern
 Hemispheres—affect ARs. We find that phases of the annular modes induce
 strong north–south displacements in AR activity, with up to ~20–25
 mm/month associated changes in precipitation. These AR changes are also
 found in the observational record, indicating that our model results are
 representative of real-world influences. Our results provide a robust
 baseline of natural AR variability from which to contextualize projected
 21st-century AR intensification. This is one part of a three-part dataset
 and contains AR tags for ERA5.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83p9
title: Example data and scripts for: Processing IMU signals to recreate sacral trajectory during treadmill walking

description: Example IMU data and scripts for reconstructing the trajectory of a sacral
 IMU and validation with motion capture data. Also contains example code of
 gait event detection and synchronization.
description: Matlab
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz69b
title: Out of the Andes and up to the Arctic: multiple drivers promote rapid radiation in Colias butterflies

description: The drivers of insect radiation in mountain ecosystems are poorly
 understood compared to birds and plants. The drivers of insect radiation
 in mountain ecosystems are poorly understood compared to birds and plants.
 We studied the rapid radiation of the butterfly genus Colias, which has
 diversified in mountain ecosystems in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas.
 Based on a dataset of 150 nuclear protein-coding genetic loci and whole
 mitochondrial genomes, we constructed a time-calibrated tree of the genus
 Colias with broad taxon sampling. We then inferred historical
 characteristics of this genus, including ancestral range reconstruction,
 historical diversification rates, and the evolution of host plant use. We
 found that rapid diversification was driven by several factors including
 favorably warm climates in the mid-Pliocene that promoted the population
 expansion, and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama and the Bering Land
 Bridge, which led to intercontinental dispersals that opened new
 ecological opportunities. These two extrinsic factors may simultaneously
 be the main extrinsic drivers of the genus' rapid diversification.
 Introgression may have improved the ecological adaptability of the genus
 Colias, and we propose that this is the primary intrinsic driver of
 diversification. Expansion of host plant breadth enabling population
 expansion was a secondary driving factor. We suggest that mountain uplift
 had little effect on the diversity of Colias after the initial split from
 the common ancestor shared with its sister taxon Zerene and emphasize the
 importance of historical climatic and geological events for studies of
 rapid radiations of montane species.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhhxp
title: Data from: Time or distance: flexible coding of Hippocampal cells

description: Analysis of neuronal activity in the hippocampus of behaving animals has
 revealed cells acting as "Time Cells," which exhibit selective
 spiking patterns at specific time intervals since a triggering event, and
 "Distance Cells," which encode the traversal of specific
 distances. Other neurons exhibit a combination of these features,
 alongside place selectivity. This study aims to investigate how the task
 performed by animals during recording sessions influences the formation of
 these representations. The data used here was originally curated in a
 treadmill running study conducted by Kraus et al. (2013) in which rats
 were trained to run at different velocities. The rats were recorded in two
 trial contexts: a "fixed time" condition, where the animal ran
 on the treadmill for a predetermined duration before proceeding, and a
 "fixed distance" condition, where the animal ran a specific
 distance on the treadmill. Our findings indicate that the type of
 experimental condition significantly influenced the encoding of
 hippocampal cells. Specifically, distance-encoding cells dominated in
 fixed-distance experiments, whereas time-encoding cells dominated in
 fixed-time experiments. These results underscore the flexible coding
 capabilities of the hippocampus, which are shaped by over-representation
 of salient variables associated with reward conditions. Data used in
 Absramson et al., 2023, "Time or distance: flexible coding of
 Hippocampal cells",  originally curated by Kraus et al.,
 Neuron, 78(6), 1090-1101, 2013.
description: Data originally curated in Kraus et al., Neuron, 78(6),
 1090-1101, 2013
description: Matlab
description: # Recording and analysis of 6 animals during treadmill runs in fixed-time
 and fixed-distance trials The original Kraus et al data *.mat files are
 named by the respective animal and trial date and contains trials data.
 For example, bk45-0826 contains the data from animal number 45 from a
 trial conducted by August 26th. The cells classification analysis results
 are at ResultsSummary.xls ## Description of the data and file structure
 **BKnn-mmdd.mat** contains each trail data (nn is the animal number, mmdd
 is the month and day of the experiment) The important data structure items
 are : ``` neurons : contains the time stamps of the events for each
 recorded neuron alltreadmill : contains the start time, stop time,
 velocity and period of each run in the trial ``` **ResultsSummary.xls**
 contains the cells count in of each cell type in the fixed-distance and
 fixed-time experiments per the 3 metrics defined in the paper : CellType,
 Fit and P-Value : The rows display the results for each of the following
 analyses : ``` - By onset, until treadmill stops + 5 secs, with 100mSec
 time bins - By onset, until 16 sec from treadmill start, with 100mSec time
 bins - By peak firing, until treadmill stops + 5 secs, with 100mSec time
 bins - By peak, until 16 sec from treadmill start, with 100mSec time bins
 ```
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6rp
title: Data for: Community perception and COVID-19 prevention

description: The world is presently burdened with the COVID-19 pandemic. As of 7
 February 2022, there have been 394,381,395 confirmed cases of COVID-19,
 including 5,735,179 deaths, reported to WHO. We used the Health Belief
 Model as a conceptual framework, which has largely been tested empirically
 to predict preventive health behaviour, focusing on the relationship
 between health behaviour on COVID-19 prevention. This data contains the
 questionnaire that we used in this research. The data contains
 questionnaire related to measuring Community Perception and COVID-19
 Preventive using the Health Belief Model in Indonesia: Structural Equation
 Model Analysis and the data can be opened with Microsoft Excel.
description: This is a cross sectional
 study using google form with structured survey questionnaires. The answers
 were using five-points Likert scale: 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree),
 3 (neutral), 4 (agree), 5 (strongly agree). The questionnaire was
 developed using various references from reputable journal and validated
 questionnaire from Ministry of Health Indonesia. Data were collected
 through WhatsApp, Line, and Telegram in summer 2021. In term to expand the
 coverage throughout Indonesia, social media influencer was also asked to
 distribute the google form through Twitter and Instagram. The respondents
 who participated in this study were people between the ages of 15-64 years
 old and Indonesian citizens. It took 20 -25 minutes to complete the form.
 Respondents signed the informed consent prior to completing it.
 The data were analysed by using the Covariance Based-
 Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. It was performed using Lisrel
 version 8.8. Descriptive statistics are presented as numbers and
 percentages for individual characteristics and bar charts to describe
 perceptions and behaviour. Descriptive statistic was performed using SPSS
 version 27 and presented using MS. Excel.
description: The data can be opened with Microsoft Excel.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.905qfttps
title: Resources from: Gut microbiome composition better reflects host phylogeny than diet diversity in breeding wood-warblers

description: Understanding the factors that shape microbiomes can provide insight on
 the importance of host-symbiont interactions and on co-evolutionary
 dynamics. Unlike for mammals, previous studies have found little or no
 support for an influence of host evolutionary history on avian gut
 microbiome diversity and instead have suggested a greater influence of the
 environment or diet due to fast gut turnover. Because effects of different
 factors may be conflated by captivity and sampling design, examining
 natural variation using large sample sizes is important. Our goal was to
 overcome these limitations by sampling wild birds to compare
 environmental, dietary, and evolutionary influences on gut microbiome
 structure. We performed fecal metabarcoding to characterize both the gut
 microbiome and diet of fifteen wood-warbler species across a four-year
 period and from two geographic localities. We find host taxonomy generally
 explained ~10% of the variation between individuals, which is ~6-fold more
 variation of any other factor considered, including diet diversity.
 Further, gut microbiome similarity was more congruent with the host
 phylogeny than with host diet similarity and we found little association
 between diet diversity and microbiome diversity. Together, our results
 suggest evolutionary history is the strongest predictor of gut microbiome
 differentiation among wood-warblers. Although the phylogenetic signal of
 the warbler gut microbiome is not very strong, our data suggest that a
 stronger influence of diet (as measured by diet diversity) does not
 account for this pattern. The mechanism underlying this phylogenetic
 signal is not clear, but we argue host traits may filter colonization and
 maintenance of microbes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mktr
title: Scavenging patterns of an inbred wolf population in a landscape with a pulse of human-provided carrion

description: Scavenging is an important part of food acquisition for many carnivore
 species that switch between scavenging and predation.  In
 landscapes with anthropogenic impact, humans provide food that scavenging
 species can utilize. We quantified the magnitude of killing versus
 scavenging by gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Scandinavia where humans impact
 the ecosystem through hunter harvest, land use practices, and
 infrastructure. We investigated the cause of death of different animals
 utilized by wolves, and examined how the proportion of their consumption
 time spent scavenging was influenced by season, wolf social affiliation,
 level of inbreeding, density of moose (Alces alces) as their main prey,
 density of brown bear (Ursus arctos) as an intra-guild competitor, and
 human density. We used data from 39 GPS-collared wolves covering 3,198
 study days (2001–2019), including 14,205 feeding locations within
 space-time clusters, and 1362 carcasses utilized by wolves.  Most
 carcasses were wolf-killed (80.5%) while a small part had died from other
 natural causes (1.9%). The remaining had either anthropogenic mortality
 causes (4.7%), or the cause of death was unknown (12.9%).  Time
 spent scavenging was higher during winter than during summer and autumn.
 Solitary wolves spent more time scavenging than pack-living individuals,
 likely because individual hunting success is lower than pack success.
 Scavenging time increased with the mean inbreeding coefficient of the
 adult wolves, possibly indicating that more inbred individuals resort to
 scavenging, which requires less body strength. There was weak evidence
 for competition between wolves and brown bears as well as a
 positive relationship between human density and time spent scavenging.
 This study shows how both intrinsic and extrinsic factors drive wolf
 scavenging behaviour and that despite a high level of inbreeding and
 access to carrion of anthropogenic origin, wolves mainly utilized their
 own kills.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2fqz612sn
title: Data from: Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)

description: The baseline distribution data for all species of a given group in a
 region can provide fundamental insights into biogeographic questions about
 historic patterns of species richness, population trends, and extinction.
 Grasshoppers are one major group of insects for which a continent-wide
 perspective on their geographic distribution can be obtained. This is
 because they were extensively surveyed in Australia for 54 years
 (1936-1989) as part of Commonwealth expeditions to obtain specimens for
 the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). Field notebooks recorded
 from those surveys, under the direction of ANIC curator and director K. H.
 L. Key, form the principal source of historic distribution records for
 grasshoppers in Australia. We digitized all 223 notebooks (2486 pages) and
 transcribed all the field trips conducted in Western Australia (WA) and
 Tasmania (47 notebooks, 590 pages). We then carefully geocoded all
 sampling sites of the transcribed notebooks, following the odometer
 readings and descriptions of routes from a suitable reference point using
 historic topographic maps and Google Earth. In total, we extracted 8975
 geographic coordinates for 477 species having a confirmed or putative
 taxonomic name of (only 170 of these species have been formally
 described). We found that species richness varied spatially, with highest
 richness in arid interior and north of WA. Historic grasshopper surveys
 were non-randomly distributed across both WA and Tasmania with the highest
 survey intensity around coastal regions. Variation was observed among
 surveyors in terms of the number of species detected per site,
 between-site distance, and the season of survey being conducted. Overall,
 however, the dataset is among the most comprehensive continent-wide
 surveys of Australian invertebrates and will greatly facilitate future
 work on their ecology, biogeography, conservation, and responses to
 environmental change.
description: See the relevant article on methods of data collection. Article
 link: https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12628
description: Files are saved in .csv
 format. Therefore, these files can be opened in relevant open-source
 software such as R, Python, Matlab, etc. See,
 README_Dataset_HistoricGrasshopperSurveysAustralia_v0.1.0 file for detail
 information on how to use the data.