cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7q28
title: Data from: Carotenoid coloration is related to fat digestion efficiency in a wild bird

description: Some of the most spectacular visual signals found in the animal kingdom
 are based on dietarily derived carotenoid pigments (which cannot be
 produced de novo), with a general assumption that carotenoids are limited
 resources for wild organisms, causing trade-offs in allocation of
 carotenoids to different physiological functions and ornamentation. This
 resource trade-off view has been recently questioned, since the efficiency
 of carotenoid processing may relax the trade-off between allocation toward
 condition or ornamentation. This hypothesis has so far received little
 exploratory support, since studies of digestive efficiency of wild animals
 are limited due to methodological difficulties. Recently, a method for
 quantifying the percentage of fat in fecal samples to measure digestive
 efficiency has been developed in birds. Here, we use this method to test
 if the intensity of the carotenoid-based coloration predicts digestive
 efficiency in a wild bird, the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus). The
 redness of carotenoid feather coloration (hue) positively predicted
 digestion efficiency, with redder birds being more efficient at absorbing
 fats from seeds. We show for the first time in a wild species that
 digestive efficiency predicts ornamental coloration. Though not conclusive
 due to the correlative nature of our study, these results strongly suggest
 that fat extraction might be a crucial but overlooked process behind many
 ornamental traits.
description: Madonia et al
 2017Source data for the
 article
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r1mc3
title: Data from: Assessing current genetic status of the Hainan gibbon using historical and demographic baselines: implications for conservation management of species of extreme rarity

description: Evidence-based conservation planning is crucial for informing management
 decisions for species of extreme rarity, but collection of robust data on
 genetic status or other parameters can be extremely challenging for such
 species. The Hainan gibbon, possibly the world's rarest mammal,
 consists of a single population of ~25 individuals restricted to one
 protected area on Hainan Island, China, and has persisted for over 30
 years at exceptionally low population size. Analysis of genotypes at 11
 microsatellite loci from faecal samples for 36% of the current global
 population and tissue samples from 62% of existing historical museum
 specimens demonstrates limited current genetic diversity (Na = 2.27, Ar =
 2.24, He = 0.43); diversity has declined since the 19th century and even
 further within the last 30 years, representing declines of ~30% from
 historical levels (Na = 3.36, Ar = 3.29, He = 0.63). Significant
 differentiation is seen between current and historical samples (FST =
 0.156, P = 0.0315), and the current population exhibits extremely small Ne
 (current Ne = 2.16). There is evidence for both a recent population
 bottleneck and an earlier bottleneck, with population size already
 reasonably low by the late 19th century (historical Ne = 1162.96).
 Individuals in the current population are related at the level of half- to
 full-siblings between social groups, and full-siblings or parent–offspring
 within a social group, suggesting that inbreeding is likely to increase in
 the future. The species' current reduced genetic diversity must be
 considered during conservation planning, particularly for expectations of
 likely population recovery, indicating that intensive, carefully planned
 management is essential.
description: Hainan gibbon
 microsatellite genotypesHainan gibbon genotypes
 for 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci with associated sample information
 (sample years, locations, number of samples/individual, number of DNA
 extractions/individual, final consensus genoptypes), plus microsatellite
 multiplex mixes used for genotyping.Bryant et al_Hainan gibbon
 genotypes.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vh23q
title: Data from: Founder effects determine the genetic structure of the water flea Daphnia in Ethiopian reservoirs

description: Founder effects introduce stochasticity in the genetic structure of
 species at the regional scale. To the extent that founder effects are
 important, they will result in a reduced signature of space, time, and
 environmental variation in landscape genetic data. We studied the
 metapopulation genetic structure of recently founded populations of the
 microcrustacean Daphnia sinensis in 10 Ethiopian water reservoirs. We used
 three different approaches to estimate the number of effective founders
 and applied them to two independent genetic marker sets in an effort to
 investigate the role of founder effects and to estimate effective size of
 the founding population. Estimates of founding sizes rarely exceeded eight
 individuals but were most often limited to less than four individuals. No
 associations of genetic identities, gene frequencies, measures of genetic
 diversity, or differentiation with environmental and spatial variables
 were found. Age and size of the reservoirs were not correlated with
 genetic diversity measures or number of founders in these reservoirs.
 These findings indicate that neither strong selection, nor dispersal
 limitation are responsible for the observed pat- tern of genetic
 variation. Our results suggest a regional population structure that is
 strongly impacted by founder events, reﬂecting colonization by just a few
 founders per waterbody, and not noticeably inﬂuenced by subsequent
 dispersal and gene ﬂow. Our results show that rapid colonization of empty
 habitats and fast population growth by a handful of founders can result in
 strong founder effects, even in relatively large habitats that are likely
 regularly reached by new immigrants.
description: Daphnia sinensis
 microsatellite genotypesMicrosatellite genotypes
 of Daphnia sinensis (6 loci), from 12 reservoirs and natural water bodies,
 including missing genotype values. Clonal richness and diversity in the
 paper were calculated on the basis of complete multilocus genotypes only.
 Genotypes are coded per locus as two consecutive three digit
 alleles.Haileselasie_et_al_LNO_D-sinensis_Genotypes.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.21s55
title: Data from: Migration strategy and pathogen risk: non-breeding distribution drives malaria prevalence in migratory waders

description: Pathogen exposure has been suggested as one of the factors shaping the
 myriad of migration strategies observed in nature. Two hypotheses relate
 migration strategies to pathogen infection: the ‘avoiding the tropics
 hypothesis’ predicts that pathogen prevalence and transmission increase
 with decreasing non-breeding (wintering) latitude, while the “habitat
 selection hypothesis” predicts lower pathogen prevalence in marine than in
 freshwater habitats. We tested these scarcely investigated hypotheses by
 screening wintering and resident wading shorebirds (Charadriiformes) for
 avian malaria blood parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp.) along a
 latitudinal gradient in Australia. We sequenced infections to determine if
 wintering migrants share malaria parasites with local shorebird residents,
 and we combined prevalence results with published data in a global
 comparative analysis. Avian malaria prevalence in Australian waders was
 3.56% and some parasite lineages were shared between wintering migrants
 and residents, suggesting active transmission at wintering sites. In the
 global dataset, avian malaria prevalence was highest during winter and
 increased with decreasing wintering latitude, after controlling for
 phylogeny. The latitudinal gradient was stronger for waders that use
 marine and freshwater habitats (marine + freshwater) than for
 marine-restricted species. Marine + freshwater wader species also showed
 higher overall avian malaria parasite prevalence than marine-restricted
 species. By combining datasets in a global comparative analysis, we
 provide empirical evidence that migratory waders avoiding the tropics
 during the non-breeding season experience a decreased risk of malaria
 parasite infection. We also find global support for the hypothesis that
 marine-restricted shorebirds experience lower parasite pressures than
 shorebirds that also use freshwater habitats. Our study indicates that
 pathogen transmission may be an important driver of site selection for
 non-breeding migrants, a finding that contributes new knowledge to our
 understanding of how migration strategies evolve.
description: Full Wader Avian Malaria
 Prevalence DatafileSample size, sampling
 location and number of individuals infected with avian malaria for
 migratory and resident waders (Charadriiformes)Full Wader
 Dataset.csvFull Wader Gene
 TreePhylogeny of waders used
 in phylogenetic comparative analyses. Gene sequences uploaded in the Oikos
 supplementary files were used to create a Bayesian consensus tree. Wader
 species without molecular data were grafted onto the consensus tree as
 polytomies using taxonomic information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tc2cb
title: Data from: Hunting promotes sexual conflict in brown bears

description: The removal of individuals through hunting can destabilize social
 structure, potentially affecting population dynamics. Although previous
 studies have shown that hunting can indirectly reduce juvenile survival
 through increased sexually selected infanticide (SSI), very little is
 known about the spatiotemporal effects of male hunting on juvenile
 survival. Using detailed individual monitoring of a hunted population of
 brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Sweden (1991–2011), we assessed the
 spatiotemporal effect of male removal on cub survival. We modelled cub
 survival before, during and after the mating season. We used three proxies
 to evaluate spatial and temporal variation in male turnover; distance and
 timing of the closest male killed and number of males that died around a
 female's home range centre. Male removal decreased cub survival only
 during the mating season, as expected in seasonal breeders with SSI. Cub
 survival increased with distance to the closest male killed within the
 previous 1·5 years, and it was lower when the closest male killed was
 removed 1·5 instead of 0·5 year earlier. We did not detect an effect of
 the number of males killed. Our results support the hypothesis that social
 restructuring due to hunting can reduce recruitment and suggest that the
 distribution of the male deaths might be more important than the overall
 number of males that die. As the removal of individuals through hunting is
 typically not homogenously distributed across the landscape, spatial
 heterogeneity in hunting pressure may cause source–sink dynamics, with
 lower recruitment in areas of high human-induced mortality.
description: Data_Archiving_JAE-2015-00663Cub survival before (den emergence to mid-May), during (mid-May to mid-July), and after the mating season (mid-July to November) in brown bears in Sweden. Each line represents a litter. 'FemaleID' is the ID of the mother of the litter. Age indicates the age (years) of the mother. Status is the parity of the mother (primiparous or multiparous). Distance to the closest male killed is to the closest registered adult male killed within the 1.5 previous years. Timelag is whether the closest male was killed 0.5 or 1.5 years before the litter was born. The number of male shot are the number of registered adult male killed within the previous 1.5 years in a radius of 25km of a litter or between a radius of 25 to 80km of a litter. 'Population_density' is an index that approximate the number of bears within 1000 km² around the home range center of a litter. 'Food_index' is an index of the general food condition of the study population for each year.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b1j16nv
title: Data from: Top-down control by an aquatic invertebrate predator increases with temperature but does not depend on individual behavioural type

description: Variation in behavioural traits among individuals within a population can
 have implications for food webs and ecosystems. Temperature change also
 alters food web structure and function, but potential interactions between
 warming and intraspecific behavioural variation are largely unexplored. We
 aimed to test how increased temperature, individual activity level of a
 predatory backswimmer (Anisops assimilis), and their interaction
 influenced the strength of top-down control of zooplankton and
 phytoplankton. We used stable isotopes to support our assumption that the
 study population of A. assimilis is zooplanktivorous, and behavioural
 trials to confirm that activity level is a repeatable trait. We
 established freshwater microcosms to test for effects of warming,
 backswimmer presence, and backswimmer behavioural type on zooplankton
 density, zooplankton composition, and phytoplankton chlorophyll a.
 Top-down control was present and was generally stronger at increased
 temperature. There was no indication that predator behavioural type
 influenced the strength of top-down control either on its own or
 interactively with temperature. Predator behavioural type may not be
 associated with ecologically important function in this species at the
 temporal and spatial scales addressed in this study, but the links between
 behaviour, temperature, and food web processes are worthy of broader
 exploration.
description: Stable isotope
 dataStable isotope data for
 Anisops assimilis and other pond invertebrates.Isotope_data_Dryad.csvRepeatability dataData for the repeatability of activity level (mean velocity) of individual <i>Anisops assimilis</i> and reaction norm across two temperatures.Repeatability_data_Dryad.csvData from microcosm experimentData from microcosm experiment manipulating temperature (10 or 18°C) and food web structure (top trophic level B = backswimmer, Z = zooplankton, or P = phytoplankton) with natural variation in backswimmer behaviour (mean activity).Microcosm_data_Dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.94k15
title: Data from: Compensatory dynamics maintain bird phylogenetic diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes

description: 1.Tropical forest loss can drive the extinction of forest-dependent
 species. Yet, non-forest species can proliferate in deforested landscapes,
 thus enabling community-level attributes (e.g., total abundance and
 richness) to be maintained in the remaining forest patches. Such
 compensatory dynamics have been, however, poorly investigated regarding
 the phylogenetic dimension of species diversity. Here, we assessed whether
 compensatory dynamics can stabilize the phylogenetic richness, divergence
 and structure of bird communities in response to forest loss in two
 regions in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, each under with different levels
 of land use intensification. 2.We surveyed birds in 40 forest sites, and
 assessed the response of five phylogenetic metrics to forest cover
 measured in local (600-m radius) landscapes. We separately assessed the
 entire community, forest-dependent and non-forest-dependent species and
 used information-theoretic criteria to assess the effect of forest cover
 on each response variable. In particular, we evaluated the plausibility of
 four models: a null model (no effect of forest cover), a linear model, a
 power law model (nonlinear effect), and an analysis of covariance model
 (to assess whether the effect of forest cover differed between regions).
 3.Forest cover varied from 7% to 98%, and was positively related to the
 phylogenetic richness of forest-dependent species, but negatively related
 to the phylogenetic richness and divergence of non-forest birds,
 particularly in the more disturbed region. As consequence, the
 phylogenetic richness and divergence of the entire community were weakly
 related to forest cover. 4.Forest birds were less phylogenetically
 clustered in sites surrounded by lower forest cover, but the phylogenetic
 structure of non-forest birds was independent of forest cover. 5.Synthesis
 and applications. The phylogenetic impoverishment of forest-dependent
 birds is offset by the phylogenetic enrichment and divergence of
 non-forest-dependent birds in severely tropical deforested landscapes.
 These compensatory dynamics suggest that both bird groups are important
 for safeguarding bird evolutionary diversity in human-modified landscapes.
 Although deforested landscapes are reservoirs of bird phylogenetic
 diversity, suggesting that ecosystem functioning may be maintained in
 these sites, preventing further deforestation is urgently needed to
 preserve forest birds and their key ecological roles in the ecosystem.
description: Data-Morante-Filho et
 al. JAE 2017Bird phylogenetic data
 used to evaluate the relationship with the amount of forest cover in each
 landscape.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f866r
title: Data from: Multichannel feeding by spider functional groups is driven by feeding strategies and resource availability

description: Multichannel feeding, whereby consumers feed across resource channels such
 as upon herbivore and detritivore resources, acts to link discrete
 compartments of a food web with implications for ecosystem functioning and
 stability. Currently however, we have little understanding which feeding
 strategies of consumers underlie multichannel feeding. We therefore link
 spider functional group and resource density-dependent or
 density-independent feeding strategies to multichannel feeding by
 quantifying not only consumer diet, but also the relative availability of
 resources. Here we analysed herbivore (green) and detritivore (brown) prey
 use by spider communities in grasslands, and tested if available prey
 biomass proportions were linked to observed spider dietary proportions.
 Different spider functional groups each linked green and brown resource
 channels, but while green prey were always consumed in proportion to their
 relative biomass, brown prey were consumed independently of proportion by
 some functional groups. Additionally, we found greater intraguild
 predation by cursorial spiders when green resources were relatively
 scarcer, suggesting green prey was preferred, and needed to be compensated
 for when rare. Overall, we observed a stronger consumer connection to the
 green than brown resource channel, yet this green connection was more
 variable due to greater range in green resource availability across
 grasslands and density-dependent consumption on green prey. Consequently,
 multichannel feeding by spiders was determined by density-dependent and
 density-independent feeding strategies that varied by spider functional
 group and across resources channels. Our results demonstrate that the role
 of multichannel feeding by spiders in linking separate food web
 compartments is a dynamic component of food web structure in these wild
 grasslands.
description: Perkins.etal.Dryad.Data_Multichannel.FeedingThis file contains three tabs each with a separate data set. The first contains biomass values for spider functional groups per grassland; the second contains source (prey) stable isotope values (d15N and d13C) for use in stable isotope mixing models; the third contains the d15N and d13C values for individual spiders per grassland. All other data used in this study is reported in the main paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.32q7v
title: Data from: Spatial variation in Allee effects influences patterns of range expansion

description: Allee effects are thought to slow range expansion and contribute to stable
 range boundaries. Recent studies have shown Allee effects to vary
 spatiotemporally due to influences of environmental heterogeneity on
 population processes. Gradients in Allee effects might occur as a
 species' range approaches suboptimal conditions while expanding into
 new territory. Allee effects could exhibit patchiness if drivers of
 positive density dependence (e.g., mate finding rates) are influenced by
 habitat patchiness. However, theoretical studies have largely assumed
 Allee effects to be spatially constant. The goal of this study was to
 evaluate how spatiotemporal patterns of range expansion respond to spatial
 variations in Allee effects. We simulated spread in landscapes that
 differed in the spatial configuration and range of Allee thresholds. We
 compared spread with a constant Allee effect to spread in landscapes where
 the Allee threshold varied along a gradient or in a patchy fashion.
 Landscape configuration affected patterns of range expansion when Allee
 thresholds were near or exceeded the number of colonizing immigrants. In
 gradient landscapes, spread decelerated as the range edge approached
 higher Allee thresholds. In patchy landscapes, spread advanced quickly
 through areas with lower Allee thresholds and stalled in areas with higher
 Allee thresholds. Both focal and neighboring locations influencing spread.
 Spatial variation in Allee effects may be an underappreciated source of
 heterogeneity in patterns of range expansion. When Allee effects vary,
 spread estimates based on a spatially averaged Allee threshold may not
 accurately predict realized rates of spread. Our findings suggest that
 spread can occur despite generally high Allee thresholds if Allee
 thresholds are low in a subset of patches. This result has negative
 implications for controlling the spread of invasive species, but it also
 suggests range shifts by native species in response to climate change may
 be possible with even sparsely distributed refugia from Allee effects.
description: Model code for invasion
 with spatially varying Allee effectsThese files provide the
 model code in R for exploration of patterns of invasion with spatially
 varying Allee effects. There are separate files for each landscape type
 (constant, random, coarse patches, fine patches, gradient). Filenames
 ending in "detdisp" are the main models discussed in the
 manuscript, filenames ending in "stoch" are for the alternate
 model with demographic stochasticity.model_code.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fc8np
title: Data from: Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab and survival on single-toxin and pyramided cotton in cotton bollworm from China

description: Evolution of Helicoverpa armigera resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis
 (Bt) cotton producing Cry1Ac is progressing in northern China and
 replacement of Cry1Ac cotton by pyramided Bt cotton has been considered to
 counter such resistance. Here, we investigated four of the eight
 conditions underlying success of the refuge strategy for delaying
 resistance to Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab cotton, a pyramid that has been used
 extensively against H. armigera outside China. Laboratory bioassays of a
 Cry2Ab-selected strain (An2Ab) and a related unselected strain (An) reveal
 that resistance to Cry2Ab (130-fold) was nearly dominant, autosomally
 inherited, and controlled by more than 1 locus. Strong cross-resistance
 occurred between Cry2Ab and Cry2Aa (81-fold). Weaker cross-resistance (18-
 to 22-fold) between Cry2Ab and Cry1A toxins was also present and
 significantly increased survival of An2Ab relative to An on cotton
 cultivars producing the fusion protein Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac. Survival
 on Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab cotton was also significantly higher in An2Ab than An,
 showing that redundant killing on this pyramid was incomplete. Survival on
 non-Bt cotton did not differ significantly between An2Ab and An,
 indicating an absence of fitness costs affecting this trait. These results
 indicate that a switch to three-toxin pyramided cotton could be valuable
 for increasing durability of Bt cotton in China.
description: Data for Table
 3Data
 of survival on cotton with 3 replications per strain and
 cultivar.Data of survival on cotton with
 3 replications per strain and
 cultivar.xlsxData for Table
 4Data
 of Bt toxin concentrations in cotton cultivars.Data of Bt toxin concentrations
 in cotton cultivars.xlsx