cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454445
title: Neoproterozoic igneous complex emplaced along major tectonic boundary in the Kaoko Belt (NW Namibia): ion probe and LA-ICP-MS dating of magmatic and metamorphic zircons

description: Granitoid intrusions of the Boundary Igneous Complex separate segments with different ages of high-grade metamorphism in the Kaoko Belt, NW Namibia. Two granitoids of this complex were dated at 575 ± 10 Ma (secondary ionization mass spectrometry; SIMS) or 571 ± 9 Ma (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; LA-ICP-MS) and 562 ± 11 Ma (SIMS) or 572 ± 4 Ma (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. The age of granulite-facies metamorphism in the eastern part of the Western Kaoko Zone was established at 549 ± 5 Ma (SIMS) by analysing metamorphic overgrowths of older (<em>c</em>. 1850–1000 Ma) zircons from melt segregations in amphibolites. The coastal part of the Western Kaoko Zone consists of horizons of migmatitic metasedimentary rocks that are intercalated with fine-grained orthogneisses and amphibolites resembling metamorphosed sequences of bimodal volcanic rocks. Zircons from felsic members of two bimodal suites have SIMS ages of 805 ± 4 Ma and 810–840 Ma, respectively, that are interpreted as dating their respective igneous protoliths. Melt segregations in the mafic member of the lower bimodal suite contain two populations of zircon dated at 650 ± 5 Ma (SIMS) or 645 ± 5 Ma (LA-ICP-MS) and 629 ± 6 Ma (SIMS) or 630 ± 5 Ma (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. The later age is indistinguishable from the age of 630 ± 4 Ma (SIMS) or 625 ± 10 Ma (LA-ICP-MS) obtained from melt patches present in overlying metagreywackes. The available age data suggest that the Boundary Igneous Complex masks the suture between the Coastal Terrane and the rest of the Kaoko Belt. Ages of granitoid intrusions in this igneous complex are indicative of magmatic activity between 580 and 550 Ma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454445.v1
title: Neoproterozoic igneous complex emplaced along major tectonic boundary in the Kaoko Belt (NW Namibia): ion probe and LA-ICP-MS dating of magmatic and metamorphic zircons

description: Granitoid intrusions of the Boundary Igneous Complex separate segments with different ages of high-grade metamorphism in the Kaoko Belt, NW Namibia. Two granitoids of this complex were dated at 575 ± 10 Ma (secondary ionization mass spectrometry; SIMS) or 571 ± 9 Ma (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; LA-ICP-MS) and 562 ± 11 Ma (SIMS) or 572 ± 4 Ma (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. The age of granulite-facies metamorphism in the eastern part of the Western Kaoko Zone was established at 549 ± 5 Ma (SIMS) by analysing metamorphic overgrowths of older (<em>c</em>. 1850–1000 Ma) zircons from melt segregations in amphibolites. The coastal part of the Western Kaoko Zone consists of horizons of migmatitic metasedimentary rocks that are intercalated with fine-grained orthogneisses and amphibolites resembling metamorphosed sequences of bimodal volcanic rocks. Zircons from felsic members of two bimodal suites have SIMS ages of 805 ± 4 Ma and 810–840 Ma, respectively, that are interpreted as dating their respective igneous protoliths. Melt segregations in the mafic member of the lower bimodal suite contain two populations of zircon dated at 650 ± 5 Ma (SIMS) or 645 ± 5 Ma (LA-ICP-MS) and 629 ± 6 Ma (SIMS) or 630 ± 5 Ma (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. The later age is indistinguishable from the age of 630 ± 4 Ma (SIMS) or 625 ± 10 Ma (LA-ICP-MS) obtained from melt patches present in overlying metagreywackes. The available age data suggest that the Boundary Igneous Complex masks the suture between the Coastal Terrane and the rest of the Kaoko Belt. Ages of granitoid intrusions in this igneous complex are indicative of magmatic activity between 580 and 550 Ma.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454433
title: Linking crustal reworking to terrane accretion

description: The Strangways Metamorphic Complex in central Australia is a key terrane in models for the evolution of the Australian continent. The Arunta Complex preserves a long-lived (<em>c</em>. 1700–320 Ma) record of crustal reworking, the drivers of which are the subject of considerable debate. Pressure–temperature data and <em>in situ</em> monazite geochronology constrain the reworking to be coincident with the <em>c</em>.1645 Ma Liebig Orogeny. This suggests that reworking in the Strangways Metamorphic Complex is related to terrane accretion rather than other factors such as anomalous enrichment in high-heat-producing elements or within-plate processes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454433.v1
title: Linking crustal reworking to terrane accretion

description: The Strangways Metamorphic Complex in central Australia is a key terrane in models for the evolution of the Australian continent. The Arunta Complex preserves a long-lived (<em>c</em>. 1700–320 Ma) record of crustal reworking, the drivers of which are the subject of considerable debate. Pressure–temperature data and <em>in situ</em> monazite geochronology constrain the reworking to be coincident with the <em>c</em>.1645 Ma Liebig Orogeny. This suggests that reworking in the Strangways Metamorphic Complex is related to terrane accretion rather than other factors such as anomalous enrichment in high-heat-producing elements or within-plate processes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454430
title: Biogeography and ecological distribution of shallow-water benthic foraminifera from the Auckland and Campbell Islands, subantarctic southwest Pacific

description: One hundred and forty-eight species of benthic foraminifera are recorded from depths shallower than 80 m around the subantarctic Auckland (130 spp.) and Campbell (71 spp.) Islands, southwest Pacific. Comparisons with other circum-polar, subantarctic island groups suggest that they all have relatively low diversity, shallow-water benthic, foraminiferal faunas, with their sheltered harbours dominated by species of <em>Elphidium, Notorotalia, Cassidulina, Haynesina</em> and <em>Nonionella-Nonionellina.</em> More exposed environments are dominated by a small number of species of <em>Cibicides, Miliolinella, Rosalina, Quinqueloculina</em> and Glabratellidae. The extremely low species richness (three species) in high-tidal grass-dominated salt marsh on Campbell Island is similar to that reported from Tierra del Fuego at a similar latitude. The faunas of Auckland and Campbell Islands have their strongest affinities (70–75% species in common) with New Zealand’s three main islands, 460–700 km away. Ten percent of their fauna has not been recorded from mainland New Zealand, reflecting one endemic species and a small element of apparently subantarctic and bipolar-restricted species. Since there have been no shallow-water (&lt;500 m) links to other lands since these two Miocene volcanic islands were formed, it is concluded that most benthic foraminiferal species have arrived in suspension in eddies of surface water, many since the peak of the Last Glacial.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454430.v1
title: Biogeography and ecological distribution of shallow-water benthic foraminifera from the Auckland and Campbell Islands, subantarctic southwest Pacific

description: One hundred and forty-eight species of benthic foraminifera are recorded from depths shallower than 80 m around the subantarctic Auckland (130 spp.) and Campbell (71 spp.) Islands, southwest Pacific. Comparisons with other circum-polar, subantarctic island groups suggest that they all have relatively low diversity, shallow-water benthic, foraminiferal faunas, with their sheltered harbours dominated by species of <em>Elphidium, Notorotalia, Cassidulina, Haynesina</em> and <em>Nonionella-Nonionellina.</em> More exposed environments are dominated by a small number of species of <em>Cibicides, Miliolinella, Rosalina, Quinqueloculina</em> and Glabratellidae. The extremely low species richness (three species) in high-tidal grass-dominated salt marsh on Campbell Island is similar to that reported from Tierra del Fuego at a similar latitude. The faunas of Auckland and Campbell Islands have their strongest affinities (70–75% species in common) with New Zealand’s three main islands, 460–700 km away. Ten percent of their fauna has not been recorded from mainland New Zealand, reflecting one endemic species and a small element of apparently subantarctic and bipolar-restricted species. Since there have been no shallow-water (&lt;500 m) links to other lands since these two Miocene volcanic islands were formed, it is concluded that most benthic foraminiferal species have arrived in suspension in eddies of surface water, many since the peak of the Last Glacial.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454421
title: A composite stratigraphy for the Neoproterozoic Huqf Supergroup of Oman: integrating new litho-, chemo- and chronostratigraphic data of the Mirbat area, southern Oman

description: The Huqf Supergroup in Oman contains an exceptionally well-preserved and complete sedimentary record of the Middle to Late Neoproterozoic Era. Outcrops of the Huqf Supergroup in northern and central Oman are now well documented, but their correlation with a key succession in the Mirbat area of southern Oman, containing a sedimentary record of two Neoproterozoic glaciations, is poorly understood. Integration of lithostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic and new U–Pb detrital zircon data suggests that the Mirbat Group is best placed within the Cryogenian (<em>c</em>. 850–635 Ma) part of the Huqf Supergroup. The <em>c</em>. 1 km thick marine deposits of the Arkahawl and Marsham Formations of the Mirbat Group are thought to represent a stratigraphic interval between older Cryogenian and younger Cryogenian glaciations that is not preserved elsewhere in Oman. The bulk of detrital zircons in the Huqf Supergroup originate from Neoproterozoic parent rocks. However, older Mesoproterozoic, Palaeoproterozoic and even Archaean zircons can be recognized in the detrital population from the upper Mahara Group (Fiq Formation) and Nafun Group, suggesting the tapping of exotic sources, probably from the Arabian–Nubian Shield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454421.v1
title: A composite stratigraphy for the Neoproterozoic Huqf Supergroup of Oman: integrating new litho-, chemo- and chronostratigraphic data of the Mirbat area, southern Oman

description: The Huqf Supergroup in Oman contains an exceptionally well-preserved and complete sedimentary record of the Middle to Late Neoproterozoic Era. Outcrops of the Huqf Supergroup in northern and central Oman are now well documented, but their correlation with a key succession in the Mirbat area of southern Oman, containing a sedimentary record of two Neoproterozoic glaciations, is poorly understood. Integration of lithostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic and new U–Pb detrital zircon data suggests that the Mirbat Group is best placed within the Cryogenian (<em>c</em>. 850–635 Ma) part of the Huqf Supergroup. The <em>c</em>. 1 km thick marine deposits of the Arkahawl and Marsham Formations of the Mirbat Group are thought to represent a stratigraphic interval between older Cryogenian and younger Cryogenian glaciations that is not preserved elsewhere in Oman. The bulk of detrital zircons in the Huqf Supergroup originate from Neoproterozoic parent rocks. However, older Mesoproterozoic, Palaeoproterozoic and even Archaean zircons can be recognized in the detrital population from the upper Mahara Group (Fiq Formation) and Nafun Group, suggesting the tapping of exotic sources, probably from the Arabian–Nubian Shield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454418
title: Geochemical constraints on the provenance and depositional setting of sedimentary rocks from the islands of Chios, Inousses and Psara, Aegean Sea, Greece: implications for the evolution of Palaeotethys

description: The provenance and depositional setting of Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic clastic sediments from the eastern Aegean archipelago are examined here for the first time using whole-rock geochemistry and composition of detrital chrome spinel. Major- and trace-element data for Late Palaeozoic and Permo-Triassic clastic sediments from the Lower and Upper Units of Chios are compatible with an acidic to intermediate source, minor input of (ultra)mafic detritus and recycling of older sedimentary components. Chondrite-normalized REE profiles are uniform with light REE enrichments (La<sub>N</sub>/Yb<sub>N</sub> <em>c</em>. 7.7), negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* <em>c</em>. 0.67) and flat heavy REE patterns (Gd<sub>N</sub>/Yb<sub>N</sub> <em>c</em>. 1.5), indicating an upper continental crustal source and/or young differentiated arc material. Detrital chrome spinel from the clastic sediments of Chios has Cr-number (Cr/(Cr + Al)) values between 0.29 and 0.89 and Mg-number (Mg/(Mg + Fe<sup>2+</sup>)) values between 0.24 and 0.70, suggesting a probably mixed (ultra)mafic source involving ridge peridotites (mid-ocean ridge type), fore-arc peridotites and island-arc basalts. The metasediments from the islands of Inousses and Psara have similar whole-rock chemical signatures to those of Chios, although no evidence was found for an (ultra)mafic source. We conclude that both the Late Palaeozoic sediments from the Lower and Upper Units of Chios and the metasediments from Inousses and Psara were deposited in a continental island-arc setting until at least Late Permian times, probably at a single Palaeotethyan margin. They are interpreted to be allochthonous, tectonically transported to their present position by Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic orogenic processes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454418.v1
title: Geochemical constraints on the provenance and depositional setting of sedimentary rocks from the islands of Chios, Inousses and Psara, Aegean Sea, Greece: implications for the evolution of Palaeotethys

description: The provenance and depositional setting of Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic clastic sediments from the eastern Aegean archipelago are examined here for the first time using whole-rock geochemistry and composition of detrital chrome spinel. Major- and trace-element data for Late Palaeozoic and Permo-Triassic clastic sediments from the Lower and Upper Units of Chios are compatible with an acidic to intermediate source, minor input of (ultra)mafic detritus and recycling of older sedimentary components. Chondrite-normalized REE profiles are uniform with light REE enrichments (La<sub>N</sub>/Yb<sub>N</sub> <em>c</em>. 7.7), negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* <em>c</em>. 0.67) and flat heavy REE patterns (Gd<sub>N</sub>/Yb<sub>N</sub> <em>c</em>. 1.5), indicating an upper continental crustal source and/or young differentiated arc material. Detrital chrome spinel from the clastic sediments of Chios has Cr-number (Cr/(Cr + Al)) values between 0.29 and 0.89 and Mg-number (Mg/(Mg + Fe<sup>2+</sup>)) values between 0.24 and 0.70, suggesting a probably mixed (ultra)mafic source involving ridge peridotites (mid-ocean ridge type), fore-arc peridotites and island-arc basalts. The metasediments from the islands of Inousses and Psara have similar whole-rock chemical signatures to those of Chios, although no evidence was found for an (ultra)mafic source. We conclude that both the Late Palaeozoic sediments from the Lower and Upper Units of Chios and the metasediments from Inousses and Psara were deposited in a continental island-arc setting until at least Late Permian times, probably at a single Palaeotethyan margin. They are interpreted to be allochthonous, tectonically transported to their present position by Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic orogenic processes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454409
title: Dinosaurs of Great Britain and the role of the Geological Society of London in their discovery: Ornithischia

description: Completing our survey of British non-avian dinosaurs, we here review the ornithischians of Britain. Heterodontosaurids are present in the Lower Cretaceous Lulworth Formation of Dorset, and a few earlier possible records imply a long presence in the region of this clade. Britain's thyreophoran record is rich and includes the earliest well-represented taxon, <em>Scelidosaurus</em>, as well as Middle Jurassic stegosaurs and ankylosaurs including a reasonably good Cretaceous record of polacanthids and nodosaurids. Cretaceous stegosaurs are known only from fragmentary remains, but the proposal that stegosaurs were present as early as the Rhaetian is rejected. Among British iguanodontian ornithopods, the possible dryosaurid <em>Callovosaurus</em> is the oldest global record whereas the proposed synonymy of <em>Cumnoria</em> with <em>Camptosaurus</em> requires confirmation. <em>Iguanodon</em> has become a taxonomic dumping ground for assorted iguanodontians and is in need of revision: most of the British species referred to this genus are almost certainly not closely allied to the neotype species <em>I. bernissartensis</em> and require new generic names. Fragmentary remains suggest the early presence of hadrosaurids in Britain. The only British record of Marginocephalia, the Wessex Formation skull roof named <em>Yaverlandia bitholus</em>, appears not to belong to this clade but seems to be from a maniraptoran theropod.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454409.v1
title: Dinosaurs of Great Britain and the role of the Geological Society of London in their discovery: Ornithischia

description: Completing our survey of British non-avian dinosaurs, we here review the ornithischians of Britain. Heterodontosaurids are present in the Lower Cretaceous Lulworth Formation of Dorset, and a few earlier possible records imply a long presence in the region of this clade. Britain's thyreophoran record is rich and includes the earliest well-represented taxon, <em>Scelidosaurus</em>, as well as Middle Jurassic stegosaurs and ankylosaurs including a reasonably good Cretaceous record of polacanthids and nodosaurids. Cretaceous stegosaurs are known only from fragmentary remains, but the proposal that stegosaurs were present as early as the Rhaetian is rejected. Among British iguanodontian ornithopods, the possible dryosaurid <em>Callovosaurus</em> is the oldest global record whereas the proposed synonymy of <em>Cumnoria</em> with <em>Camptosaurus</em> requires confirmation. <em>Iguanodon</em> has become a taxonomic dumping ground for assorted iguanodontians and is in need of revision: most of the British species referred to this genus are almost certainly not closely allied to the neotype species <em>I. bernissartensis</em> and require new generic names. Fragmentary remains suggest the early presence of hadrosaurids in Britain. The only British record of Marginocephalia, the Wessex Formation skull roof named <em>Yaverlandia bitholus</em>, appears not to belong to this clade but seems to be from a maniraptoran theropod.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454406
title: Understanding basin sedimentary provenance: evidence from allied phytogeographic and heavy mineral analysis of the Palaeocene of the NE Atlantic

description: The drilling of hydrocarbon exploration wells in the Faroe–Shetland Basin has provided an expanding sample resource that provides material for testing recently developed palynology-based sediment transport analysis. This technique has been verified by comparison with heavy mineral analysis; both approaches have been used to identify sediment sources and input points along the strike of the Palaeocene West Shetland Platform. Integration of heavy mineral and palynological data has provided a basis for understanding arenaceous and argillaceous sediment distribution and sourcing. In addition to a source from the western, Greenland side of the basin, four argillaceous and four arenaceous sedimentary sources have been identified along the strike of the West Shetland Platform. These vary in temporal and spatial distribution, and thus provide a history of sediment source evolution. This analysis supports a persistent difference in source between the Corona Basin and the Flett and Judd Sub-basins. Although source variation and overlap between basins is evident, transfer zones represent both conduits for and barriers to effective sediment transport. Both palynological and heavy mineral evidence identifies the former presence of Late Namurian–Westphalian strata on the West Shetland Platform, which were removed by subsequent erosion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454406.v1
title: Understanding basin sedimentary provenance: evidence from allied phytogeographic and heavy mineral analysis of the Palaeocene of the NE Atlantic

description: The drilling of hydrocarbon exploration wells in the Faroe–Shetland Basin has provided an expanding sample resource that provides material for testing recently developed palynology-based sediment transport analysis. This technique has been verified by comparison with heavy mineral analysis; both approaches have been used to identify sediment sources and input points along the strike of the Palaeocene West Shetland Platform. Integration of heavy mineral and palynological data has provided a basis for understanding arenaceous and argillaceous sediment distribution and sourcing. In addition to a source from the western, Greenland side of the basin, four argillaceous and four arenaceous sedimentary sources have been identified along the strike of the West Shetland Platform. These vary in temporal and spatial distribution, and thus provide a history of sediment source evolution. This analysis supports a persistent difference in source between the Corona Basin and the Flett and Judd Sub-basins. Although source variation and overlap between basins is evident, transfer zones represent both conduits for and barriers to effective sediment transport. Both palynological and heavy mineral evidence identifies the former presence of Late Namurian–Westphalian strata on the West Shetland Platform, which were removed by subsequent erosion.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3454400
title: Thermochronological (<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar) evidence of Early Palaeozoic basin inversion within the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica: implications for East Gondwana

description: <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar systematics within metasedimentary rocks exposed in the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica, were thermally reset during a period of Early Palaeozoic (between 524 ± 1 Ma and 486 ± 2 Ma) orogenesis. This event affected three temporally distinct (Archaean to Neoproterozoic) stratigraphic levels that are now exposed in the upper crust. In the structural record, evidence of orogenesis during Early Palaeozoic times is preserved as late-stage, subvertical mylonite zones in the Archaean orthogneiss–metasedimentary basement and thin-skinned folding and thrusting of the overlying Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. Synchronous cooling ages, contrasting structural styles and similar peak metamorphic conditions are interpreted as reflecting basement-involved thin-skinned deformation that was the result of inversion of a Neoproterozoic basin. The presence of pre-existing crustal heterogeneities is the mechanism that localized Early Palaeozoic orogenesis within the region. This interpretation differs from previous models that attribute Early Palaeozoic orogenesis within the southern Prince Charles Mountains to a collisional tectonic setting. An Early Palaeozoic intra-cratonic setting for the region suggests that amalgamation between India and Antarctica was likely to have occurred prior to the final construction of Gondwana.