cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5285/24eddfa6-c97e-4a27-a84f-063ab3981058
title: Degradation characteristics of bio-based teabags buried in soil, UK, November 2021-June 2022

description: This dataset contains a range of measurements associated with the degradation of Polylactic acid (PLA)-cellulose based teabags, buried in soil. Degradation measurements were calculated following a 7-month burial period from November 2021 to June 2022.

Variables measured include: mass change, mass change of PLA, crystallinity change, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GCMS) data for each teabag type.

This research is part of the BIO-PLASTIC-RISK project, funded by Natural Environment Research Council through the grants NE/V007556/1 and NE/V007246/1.

description: Three teabags brands were characterised when new, and after 7 month buried in soil (10 cm deep) in an arable field margin. Samples were deployed in November 2021 and sampled in June 2022 (five replicates).  Samples were immediately transported to the lab, washed thoroughly in MilliQ deinoised water, and dried at 40 °C overnight.  Mass loss was calculated between new and 7 month-old teabags.  Samples were then preserved under vacuum in mylar bags inside sealed polyethylene bags and stored at 4°C until further analysis.

To determine the proportion of cellulose to PLA in the teabags, teabags were placed in chloroform at room temperature for 30 minutes to dissolve the PLA components, filtered and mass ratio was calculated.  The chemical composition of new teabags were confirmed in-house using pyrolysis coupled to 2D gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Py-GCxGC-TOF MS; 80-100 µg, n = 3)
DOI: 10.5285/46b23af7-0f63-4416-ad71-c08ee028c3b2
title: Static chamber measurements of nitrous oxide flux from Sourhope field experiment site, Scotland, 2000-2001 [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: The dataset comprises nitrous oxide (N2O) flux data, collected from static chambers as part of a study to determine how land management affected nitrogen cycling by nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an upland agricultural grassland soil and to determine the effects of changing environmental conditions on nitric and nitrous oxide production and emission as a result of land management.  
Data were collected during a project funded under the NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme, established in 1999 and centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT8545019630). During the experiment, the site was monitored to assess changes in above-ground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute) farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders (Grid reference: NT 8545 1963). Gas samples were collected by students and staff at the experimental site before being processed according to standard protocols, with the data then being transferred to the programme data manager at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/01034680-e640-44a2-aab6-2044b4672a95
title: Wood decomposition data from an experiment in Malaysian Borneo, 2015-2018

description: This dataset measures the decomposition of experimental wood blocks, Pinus radiata, over a period of one year in lowland, old growth, tropical rainforest. Wood blocks are placed on the ground or suspended above the ground in mesh bags that either allow or prevent entry of macro-invertebrates.  The decomposition of ground placed wood blocks is measured during a period of drought and non-drought. Dry weight of wood blocks is measured at the start and end of the year and proportional weight loss is calculated. Accompanying decomposition data is a data set measuring temperature and relative humidity at 5 m vertical intervals from the ground to the canopy. This data is a contribution from the UK NERC-funded Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on Tropical Ecosystem Function (BALI) consortium (http://bali.hmtf.info).
description: Twelve 50 m x 50 m experimental plots were located in lowland, tropical rainforest in Maliau Basin Conservation Area (MBCA), this included: four control plots, four ant suppression plots and four termite suppression plots. In ant suppression plots ground-dwelling ants were suppressed and in termite suppression plots ground-dwelling termites were suppressed. All plots were established in October 2014 and suppression of ants and termites was maintained until October 2017. From 2015 to 2016 an El-Niño Southern Oscillation event caused drought in this study area. 
Wood blocks were placed on the ground and suspended at different heights above ground across all 12 experimental plots from 2016 to 2017 and left for between 349 and 365 days. Wood blocks were also placed on the ground across all control plots and termite suppression plots during a period of drought (from 2015 to 2016) and left for 365 days. All wood blocks were placed in mesh bags that either excluded macro-invertebrates or allowed macro-invertebrates access to the wood block. For wood blocks placed from 2016 to 2017, a visual score of between 0 and 4 was assigned to each wood block to describe fungal damage and termite damage. All wood blocks were dried and proportional weight loss calculated using the same method. Temperature and humidity data was measured over a period of 5 days in each control plot during 2016.
DOI: 10.5285/bd3bf607-a3b2-423b-b07b-9c41e84746ee
title: Weekly, monthly and yearly recreation demand maps for the UK

description: This dataset contains recreation demand maps for the UK based on weekly, monthly and yearly visit frequencies. Recreation includes activities such as walking, hiking, cycling, etc, i.e., ‘outdoor non-vehicular recreation’. Recreation demand was calculated as the number of projected visits for local recreation, estimated using the universal law of human mobility (Schläpfer et al., 2021, Nature). Recreation demand maps are supplied at 250 m resolution in a British National Grid transverse Mercator projection (EPSG 27700). For each visit frequency (weekly, monthly and yearly), there is a map with and without attractiveness included in the calculation, where protected areas are used a proxy for attractiveness.

This research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under research programme NE/W005050/1 AgZero+ : Towards sustainable, climate-neutral farming. AgZero+ is an initiative jointly supported by NERC and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
description: Predicted recreation demand was expressed as the total number of projected visits for local recreation in target cells. To estimate the total number of projected visits in each 250 m target cell, a bespoke version of the universal law of human mobility was used (Schläpfer et al., 2021), as seen in the function below:

Demand_i = Attractiveness_i × ∑ |j=1 to j= all| [(Population_j) / ((Frequency_ij × Traveling distance_ij)^∝)]

with i the target cell, j the source cell and the scaling factor α = 2.17, following Schläpfer et al. (2021); frequency is expressed as number of visits per year; travelling distance in kilometres.

The distance decay gravity function considers the number of visits to single target cells (i) depending on the "Population" size in a source cell (j), corrected by the "Traveling distance" from that source cell to the target cell and the "Attractiveness" of the target cell – the assumed relative likelihood of visiting that target cell. Traveling distance was estimated non-Euclidean, as a cost-weighted distance using the UK road network in 2.5 km cells and the distance to the nearest road within cells. The number of visits per year from the source cell to the target cell, i.e. the Frequency, is also included (weekly, monthly and yearly), since people tend to visit more often where there is a shorter distance to travel. Thus, for a given distance more predicted visits will arise from more densely populated cells compared with less populated cells, whereas at shorter distances more visits are predicted than at longer distances for a given source population density. For each target cell, the equation is summed over all potential source cells. See documentation accompanying the data for a detailed description of the data used for each parameter in the equation.
DOI: 10.5285/0d1d15da-e356-492d-88db-2dba3b9ec9b4
title: Half-hourly water level and temperature measurements from seven wetland sites in the Pastaza-Marañón Basin, Amazonian Peru, 2018-2020

description: Automated measurements of water level and temperature at half-hourly intervals spanning parts of 2018, 2019 and 2020, from seven wetland sites in the Pastaza-Marañón Basin, Amazonian Peru. 
description: Data on water table height and temperature were generated using automated sensors installed in dipwells. The dipwells were installed in seven locations and revisited annually to download data and service the sensors. The data have been corrected for barometric pressure variations using nearby air pressure loggers.
DOI: 10.5285/d370cda8-7d3d-4b62-8d09-23711aa18ac2
title: Climate change exposure estimates for the UK at 1 km resolution, 1901-2080

description: This dataset consists of spatially explicit (1 km gridded) metrics of climate change "exposure" (i.e. an index of the amount of expected change in a location) derived from quantifying the difference in observed historical and predicted future climatic conditions. Four comparisons are included between five discrete time periods: 1901–1930 v. 1961–1990; 1961–1990 v. 2010–2019; 2010–2019 v. 2021–2040; and 2021–2040 v. 2061–2080.
description: For historical and contemporary climate periods, we considered the early 20th Century (1901–1930), mid-late 20th Century (1961–1990), and the last decade (2010–2020). For each period, HadUK-Grid data on monthly precipitation and maximum, minimum and mean temperatures were downloaded at 1 x 1 km resolution; averages for the 1961–1990 period were available, since this is a widely used climate “normal” period; for the other periods annual data were averaged together to create long-term mean datasets. UKCP18 Local data for the coming decades (2021–2040) and later 21st Century (2061–2080) were downloaded at 5 x 5 km resolution and resampled to 1km resolution using bilinear interpolation to match the HadUK-Grid data.

For each time period, an extended set of 37 bioclimatic variables were produced from the monthly climate data. These variables were scaled and their dimensionality reduced using a Principal Components Analysis. The first two principal components (PCs), generally reflecting gradients from warmer and drier to cooler and wetter conditions (PC1, 58.25% of total variance) and from wetter (especially in winter) to more temperature-stable conditions (PC2, 21.43% of total variance), were used as a summary of the resulting multivariate climatic “space”. The Euclidean distance between pixels’ (i.e. 1 km sites’) positions in PC1–PC2 space (weighted by the PCs’ eigenvalues) in adjacent time points was calculated and used as an index of a locations’ climate change exposure through time; this approach was used for all four of the time period comparisons deposited here.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2dq92w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 92 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (, , , , , Phoebe cathia, , , Phoebe cathia, , , , , , , , , , , , Ocotea paniculata, Machilus tomentosa, Cinnamomum cathia, , , , , , , Phoebe glaucescens, Ocotea pubescens, Phoebe paniculata, Ocotea paniculata, , , , , , , Phoebe pubescens, Laurus cathia, , , , , , , , , , Persea tomentosa, Ocotea pubescens, Laurus tomentosa, Persea cathia, Persea glaucescens, , , Cinnamomum cathia, Laurus tomentosa, Laurus cathia, Laurus glaucescens, , , , , , , , Laurus paniculata, , , , , , , , , , , Cinnamomum tomentosum, , , , , , , , , , , , , Ocotea glaucescens, , , , , , , , , Ocotea glaucescens, Machilus glaucescens, , , Phoebe glaucescens, , , , , )",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Living Specimen, Machine Observation, Literature Occurrence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-180 -90,180 -90,180 90,-180 90,-180 -90))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 92 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031272-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5285/00487c70-b74e-4c91-ab0c-31735c2e3b13
title: Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, energy and water fluxes at a commercial Miscanthus x. giganteus plantation, Lincolnshire, UK, 2008 to 2013

description: This dataset contains time series observations of surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), and momentum (τ) measured at a at a Miscanthus x. giganteus Greef et Deu plantation in Lincolnshire, UK. 

Turbulent flux densities were monitored using the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) technique between 30th April 2008 and 18th February 2013. The dataset includes ancillary weather and soil physics observations, as well as variables describing atmospheric turbulence and the quality of the turbulent flux observations.

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.
description: Eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological observations were made above the Miscanthus canopy using an open-path eddy covariance system. Ancillary meteorological and soil physics observations were made from a scaffold tower at the northern end of the plantation.
 
Turbulent flux densities were calculated from the raw EC data using the EddyPRO® Flux Calculation Software Version 6.1. 

Quality Control of EC data involved removal of statistical outliers and tests that theoretical requirements for the successful application of the EC technique were not violated significantly. Data gaps in EC data (NEE, LE, H) and the partitioning of NEE into gross ecosystem production and total ecosystem production were performed using the REddyProc Package for R (Reichstein et al., 2019). 

Further details are available in the supporting documentation.
DOI: 10.5285/e0acc105-e13e-4c1f-b275-f7518b823aad
title: Shortlist of soil-based greenhouse gas removal practices selected following consideration of biophysical, economic and social impacts

description: The provided data presents a list of greenhouse gas removal practices for soil organic carbon sequestration, which are suitable under biophysical, economic and social consideration. The list is the result of the first step in analysing the potential of agricultural soils to sequester carbon globally and is part of the NERC funded project Soils-R-GGREAT (NE/P019455/1). The work is based on literature research and expert panel and judgements.

The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P019455/1)
description: The short list of practices is the result of literature review and expert panel input and a step wise process of considering certain critical measures (e.g. increase of soil organic carbon (SOC); greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane; system integration). The list is based on a range of practices already proposed to deliver soil carbon sequestration (SCS). First, specific practices were identified with potential for both a positive impact on SCS at farm level and an uptake rate compatible with global impact. These focus on: (a) optimising crop primary productivity; (b) reducing soil disturbance and managing soil physical properties; (c) minimising deliberate removal of C or lateral transport via erosion; (d) addition of C produced outside the system; (e) provision of additional C inputs within the cropping system. Then, economic and non‐cost barriers and incentives for land managers are considered, along with the potential externalised impacts of implementation.
DOI: 10.5285/10839b38-cc29-4a07-999a-ac32e3f70609
title: Soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity for vegetation at Siksik Creek, North West Territories, Canada

description: Data comprise soil temperature, air temperature, soil volumetric moisture content, relative humidity, and surface wetness data from Onset Microstation Data Loggers at five locations (within the main vegetation types) at SikSik creek catchment, Trail Valley Creek, NWT, Canada.

The data were collected under Project HYDRA, a NERC funded UK research project linking Heriot Watt University, the Universities of Durham, Aberdeen and Stirling, and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh. Project HYDRA is part of the UK Arctic Research Programme. Project HYDRA studies sites in Arctic Canada to investigate the biological, chemical and physical controls on the release of greenhouse gases from permafrost into melt water and to the atmosphere and how these emissions will influence global warming.
description: Methods:
Soil temperatures were measured at 5 cm depth (below the ground surface) using Onset 12-bit Temperature Smart sensors.
Air temperature and/or relative humidity (RH) were measured at approximately 0.5 m above the ground surface and shielded from radiation using the Onset solar radiation screen. If air temperature alone was measured, this was using Onset 12-bit Temperature Smart sensors, otherwise air temperature/RH were measured using Onset 12-bit Temperature/Relative Humidity Smart sensors. Surface wetness was measured at the lichen heath location using Onset Leaf wetness smart sensor. Volumetric water content (VWC) was also measured at 5 cm depth (from the ground surface) using ECH2O EC-5 volumetric moisture sensors using factory calibration - where possible in both hummock and inter hummock positions. All measurements were made at 10 minute intervals. Data are continuous with no gap-filling. 
Not all variables were measured at each location:
Logger 1: soil temperature, air temperature, RH, soil VWC
Logger 2: soil temperature, air temperature, RH, soil VWC (in Sphagnum moss), soil VWC (under willow shrub)
Logger 3: soil temperature (hummock), air temperature, RH, soil VWC (hummock), soil VWC (interhummock)
Logger 4: soil temperature (hummock), air temperature, RH, soil VWC (hummock), soil VWC (interhummock)
Logger 5: soil temperature (hummock), surface wetness, soil VWC (hummock), soil VWC (interhummock).
DOI: 10.5285/b0c85bce-6fe2-4c1e-9750-6f990532eafc
title:  Plant and soil animal diversity measurements from a disturbance and nitrogen addition experiment in an upland grassland site [NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme]

description: Data comprises abundance measures of mites, collembola and plant biomass collected from a field experiment based at Sourhope.  Experimental plots varied in nitrogen addition treatment and level of ground disturbance.

The data were collected as a component of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Programme, established in 1999 and centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (now the James Hutton Institute)'s farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders. During this time, the site was monitored to assess changes in aboveground biomass production (productivity), species composition and relative abundance (diversity).
description: Data were collected as part of the NERC Soil Biodiversity Thematic Programme, which was established in 1999 and was centred upon the intensive study of a large field experiment located at the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (MLURI) (now the James Hutton Institute)'s farm at Sourhope in the Scottish Borders. Soil samples and plant counts were collected by students and staff at the experimental site in 2000 and 2001 before being processed according to standard protocols. Data were then transferred to the programme data manager at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
DOI: 10.5285/39da2334-0952-4d4d-b634-5f7f2115ac90
title: Loch Leven Waterfowl 1968-2007

description: The dataset comprises counts of ten waterfowl species collected from Loch Leven from 1968-2007 by staff at Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and its predecessor bodies (Nature Conservancy), as part of their long-term monitoring programme of the lake. Counts are for the whole loch and represent an annual peak count based on the monthly counts recorded from September (of the year indicated) through to March (of the following year). 
description: Monthly autumn and winter (September-March) waterfowl counts were collected from land-based vantage points. Counts were conducted by SNH at monthly intervals between 1967 and 1994, and at monthly intervals using the Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) methods (Austin et al., 2008) since 1995.  Since 2003 the surveys have been carried out fortnightly and from 2008 onwards counts are completed by SNH in collaboration with RSPB Loch Leven. There are some gaps in the dataset where monthly counts were not completed.  Peak Pink-footed goose counts are dawn roost counts rather than standard WeBS count methods. Validation of data was in line with protocols referenced in the supporting documents. The dataset was quality controlled by Neil Mitchell who has worked at Loch Leven since 2009, and his predecessor SNH Reserve Wardens.
DOI: 10.5285/f4f79d46-dac7-4628-a0b3-7427761737a6
title: Monthly precise levelling data of peat surface motion from upland and lowland blanket peatland in the Flow Country, Scotland, 2017-2019

description: The datasets contains monthly Leica LS15 precise levelling data which is used to measure monthly peat surface motion from 49 points in 1km2 of upland (RSPB Forsinard Knockfin Heights) and 49 points in a 1km2 of lowland (Plantlife Munsary) blanket peatland within the Flow Country, Caithness and Sutherland. Data was obtained between August 2017 and February 2019 covering the 2018 European Drought Event. Also included are loop closures and measurement standard deviation data.
description: All data were generated by the authors. As precise levelling data was generated, checks were made to ensure accuracy (fixed benchmark stability, level calibration) and precision (repeat measurements and loop closures) were within accepted limits and if necessary repeated measurements if required. Values were post corrected to correct for loop closure errors using Leica Infinity software.
DOI: 10.5285/d7b0dc22-053d-4a91-8e90-2f8b2ab794e4
title: High resolution climate data, Sirsi, Western Ghats, India, 2021-2022

description: The data comprise high resolution climate measurements including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind gust speed, wind direction and dew point measured in an open space in proximity to a forest fragment close to Sirsi, Western Ghats, India in 2021 and 2022.

The data provide background information used to determine the safety margins of Indian tropical forests to elevated temperatures and dry conditions.

Please see related data for information on leaf temperature, soil moisture, and growth, hydraulic, thermal and photosynthetic traits for a representative set of plant species.

description: A WatchDog climate monitoring station was installed in an open space in proximity to a forest fragment where all other measurements were made. The relative humidity sensor developed an offset of approximately 5 % in autumn 2021. We corrected the offset applying a low pass filter to daily maxima (occurring during night) and added the difference to 100 % relative humidity.