cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.858q9r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Numenius americanus Bechstein, 1812",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2024",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 "Continent is Europe"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012238-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xwvkz5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 470 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Europe",
 "Country is Spain",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-4.41197 36.7223,-4.34125 36.7223,-4.34125 36.7648,-4.41197 36.7648,-4.41197 36.7223))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Month is one of (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Animalia",
 "Year 1960-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 470 records were derived from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0012219-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/ssbaul
title: Dataset for Assessing Renewable Energy Potential and Feasibility of Floating Photovoltaics on Six Lakes in Bali Island, Indonesia

description: This dataset supports the assessment of renewable energy potential and the feasibility of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems on six lakes in Bali Island, Indonesia. Lake surface areas were delineated using the polygon measurement tool in Google Earth Pro to ensure accurate geospatial representation. Solar irradiance and meteorological data, including Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and optimal photovoltaic (PV) tilt angles, were obtained from the Global Solar Atlas, an open-access platform providing high-resolution satellite-derived solar radiation data. Technical specifications of PV modules, inverters, and floating structures were sourced from official manufacturer websites, encompassing module power ratings, efficiencies, degradation rates, inverter capacities, and structural design parameters for floating systems. The dataset includes geospatial data, solar resource metrics, and detailed equipment specifications enabling comprehensive analysis of technical and economic feasibility for FPV deployment on inland water bodies. Its reproducible data collection methodology facilitates use in energy yield modeling, system optimization, and techno-economic assessments. The dataset is valuable for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders exploring sustainable energy solutions, especially in regions constrained by land availability. Furthermore, it offers a basis for future investigations into hybrid FPV-battery storage integration, smart grid applications, and multifunctional water resource management. Data are publicly accessible via a dedicated repository to promote transparency and reuse.
DOI: 10.17632/9fhxzgjzy6.1
title: Investigating the mitigative role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on spermatogenic indices and fertility in heat stressed male rats

description: Change in global temperature has become an important factor affecting reproduction both in humans and livestock. The testes and scrotum are known to have an intricate regulatory system that maintains sperm concentration and quality. This study aims to investigate the mitigative effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on testicular histo-architecture and function in male albino rats subjected to increased thermal temperature. Twenty mature male albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each and treated once daily per os for a period of five weeks. The control (group A) and positive control (group B) maintained an ambient temperature, with group B treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While the others (groups C & D) were exposed to a temperature of 43°C for 15 mins for every other day, 3 times without and with treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively. The model of heat exposure used was the moist heat method. The result of the research revealed a significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in the weight of the testes and epididymis, testicular and epididymal sperm count in the animals exposed with no increase in those administered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, compared to the control. The photomicrograph of the testes showed a regeneration of cells in group D after exposure to heat and treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while group C showed marked degeneration of cells of the seminiferous tubules
DOI: 10.17632/tsjh2x3h2y
title: Transformational Leadership and Teacher Performance

description: Research main data resources for Transformational Leadership and Teacher Performance in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Approach.
DOI: 10.17632/tsjh2x3h2y.1
title: Transformational Leadership and Teacher Performance

description: Research main data resources for Transformational Leadership and Teacher Performance in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Approach.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.r5sfdy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 123 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Carabus besseri Fischer von Waldheim, 1820"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 123 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001781-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.3535/vt7-5pb-4xr
title: Brachiopoda Duméril, 1805

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/w37-9yd-kz0
title: †Holaster L. Agassiz, 1835

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/c1m-meg-bd6
title: Gen. indet. sp. indet.

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/h2p-4yg-7dn
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/g99-0fm-ney
title: Crinoidea Miller, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mjk-9c3-604
title: †Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach, 1805)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5xj-yk4-e5k
title: Decapoda

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/6ym-0mb-c0t
title: Cetacea Brisson, 1762

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/e84-l0p-xjc
title: Foraminifera d'Orbigny, 1826

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/3jj-x2w-tav
title: Cetacea Brisson, 1762

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wht-27q-nr8
title: Raja

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mpc-qat-rkd
title: Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5fq-r87-6bm
title: †Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach, 1805)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/jh9-cbz-f52
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/7tg-njl-8k4
title: Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/lqz-ntj-ywt
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/bnv-mx5-xpn
title: Echinodermata

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/h65-e5y-xl5
title: Equus (Equus) caballus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/evq-0z8-310
title: Raja

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/q12-7qn-v0c
title: Cetacea Brisson, 1762

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/rg9-eb3-ncl
title: Equus (Equus) caballus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/yf8-6lf-gs1
title: †Pustulopora pustulosa (Goldfuss, 1827)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/8sm-e0q-20x
title: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/0cv-ldm-4m2
title: Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/1nd-jnw-8n5
title: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/y8m-ms9-yz8
title: Brachiopoda Duméril, 1805

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/dh0-wws-0mc
title: Elephantidae Gray, 1821

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/fc5-sc1-xxq
title: Animalia

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/39f-09b-q9a
title: Cetacea Brisson, 1762

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/wjb-32x-cz3
title: Raja

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/mn2-rkj-p9a
title: Pustulopora de Blainville, 1830

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ppw-60v-kmx
title: Hexanchus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/ja7-rz9-c4j
title: Squalus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/max-n1l-f75
title: Squalus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/907-r3h-6re
title: Chondrichthyes

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/8mn-efq-bhd
title: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/pgy-7vf-msb
title: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.3535/5qg-nxf-t8v
title: Equus Linnaeus, 1758

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w2c23p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Citrus aurantiifolia",
 "Country is Madagascar",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0083944-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ywrveb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Otiorhynchus smreczynskii",
 "Country is Netherlands",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0083947-250717081556266/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110588667
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Text 2024, PF 2024

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFS 1599 and PFS 1600. Aramaic gloss. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF 2024 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression reverse (PFS 1599). Seal impression left edge (PFS 1600). Aramaic gloss in ink, reverse (three lines).
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110588642
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Text 2024, PF 2024

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFS 1599 and PFS 1600. Aramaic gloss. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF 2024 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression reverse (PFS 1599). Seal impression left edge (PFS 1600). Aramaic gloss in ink, reverse (three lines).
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110588666
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Text 2024, PF 2024

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFS 1599 and PFS 1600. Aramaic gloss. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF 2024 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression reverse (PFS 1599). Seal impression left edge (PFS 1600). Aramaic gloss in ink, reverse (three lines).
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110588621
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Text 2024, PF 2024

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFS 1599 and PFS 1600. Aramaic gloss. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF 2024 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression reverse (PFS 1599). Seal impression left edge (PFS 1600). Aramaic gloss in ink, reverse (three lines).
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110581657
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 045, PFAT 045

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFATS 0021; PFATS 0041 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 045, Bowman 45 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription, incised inscription. Seal impression PFATS 0021 reverse, upper edge, bottom edge; PFATS 0041 flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110588620
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Text 2024, PF 2024

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFS 1599 and PFS 1600. Aramaic gloss. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF 2024 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression reverse (PFS 1599). Seal impression left edge (PFS 1600). Aramaic gloss in ink, reverse (three lines).
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110581652
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 045, PFAT 045

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFATS 0021; PFATS 0041 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 045, Bowman 45 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription, incised inscription. Seal impression PFATS 0021 reverse, upper edge, bottom edge; PFATS 0041 flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110588597
title: Persepolis Fortification Elamite Text 1288, PF-NN 1288

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seal PFS 0286. Traces of Aramaic gloss. ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PF-NN 1288 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform, Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Seal impression reverse (PFS 0286). Seal impression left edge. Trace of Aramaic gloss in ink, reverse.
DOI: 10.17632/848s7stwcy
title: The Fiscal Policy Blend and its Impact on Sectoral Growth: The Case of Greece

description: Data and programs for replication of the paper with the same title as above
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110581648
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 045, PFAT 045

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFATS 0021; PFATS 0041 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 045, Bowman 45 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription, incised inscription. Seal impression PFATS 0021 reverse, upper edge, bottom edge; PFATS 0041 flat edge.
DOI: 10.17632/848s7stwcy.3
title: The Fiscal Policy Blend and its Impact on Sectoral Growth: The Case of Greece

description: Data and programs for replication of the paper with the same title as above
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110581639
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 045, PFAT 045

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFATS 0021; PFATS 0041 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 045, Bowman 45 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription, incised inscription. Seal impression PFATS 0021 reverse, upper edge, bottom edge; PFATS 0041 flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110586088
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 152a, PFAT 152a

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals PFATS 0183; PFATS 0184s ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 152a, Bowman 152a ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription. Seal impressions PFATS 0183 bottom edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge; PFATS 0184s flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110586078
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 152c, PFAT 152c

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals PFATS 0188s; PFATS 0186s; PFATS 0187s ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 152c, Bowman 152c ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription. Seal impressions PFATS 0188s flat edge; PFATS 0186s obverse; PFATS 0187s reverse.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110581637
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 045, PFAT 045

description: [Text Description:] Administrative Text with seals PFATS 0021; PFATS 0041 ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 045, Bowman 45 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription, incised inscription. Seal impression PFATS 0021 reverse, upper edge, bottom edge; PFATS 0041 flat edge.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc110586070
title: Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Text 152a, PFAT 152a

description: [Text Description:] Administrative text with seals PFATS 0183; PFATS 0184s ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAT 152a, Bowman 152a ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Aramaic ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with ink inscription. Seal impressions PFATS 0183 bottom edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge; PFATS 0184s flat edge.
DOI: 10.21233/5rps-ft69
title: Unnamed Pond ostracode surface sample dataset

description: Raw data for the Unnamed Pond ostracode surface sample dataset submitted to the Neotoma Paleoecology Database. Data is available through the landing page in JSON format. The landing page referenced by the DOI also contains links to publications and a map-based viewer for the dataset. The Neotoma Paleoecology Database maintains a homepage at https://www.neotomadb.org.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15371184
title: The Lagrange Signature: Harmonic Compression in Gravitational Equilibrium Points

description: This document presents a harmonic compression analysis of Lagrange points in the Sun–Earth, Earth–Moon, and Jupiter–Sun systems using the Qₕ model—a novel mathematical framework that identifies order in physical structures through prime factorization, binary symmetry, and Fibonacci decomposition.

Each Lagrange point’s position is rounded and analyzed for:

 



Qₕ (largest prime factor)

Binary representation

Binary entropy

Zeckendorf (Fibonacci) term count


Despite differences in gravitational dynamics, a striking pattern emerges: Lagrange Point L3 consistently exhibits the lowest Qₕ values, binary palindromes, and minimal Fibonacci structure. This leads to the formulation of the L3 Purity Hypothesis—the idea that L3 acts not as a gravitational anchor, but as a harmonic reference point of minimal informational complexity.