cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q83bk3jhz
title: Functional, temporal, and spatial complementarity in mammal-fungal spore networks enhances mycorrhizal dispersal following forest harvesting

description: Animals that disperse plant or fungal propagules following forest
 disturbances, including timber harvests, play an important role during
 forest regeneration by dispersing seeds or spores from intact communities
 to disturbed sites. Determining how complementary or redundant animal
 species are as dispersers of propagules is key to understanding the
 stability of dispersal dynamics and informing management practices. Here
 we examine the functional, temporal, and spatial components of mycorrhizal
 fungal spore dispersal by small mammals (rodents and shrews) following
 timber harvest. We tracked the interactions of seven mammal species and 34
 fungal taxa composed of two mycorrhizal functional types, arbuscular
 mycorrhizae (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (ECM), in 11 patch cuts (0.4 ha)
 distributed across hardwood and mixedwood forest in the northeastern USA.
 Over a two-year period directly following harvests, we measured the
 relative contribution of mammal species to spore dispersal using networks
 that integrated mammal abundance with spore loads in scat. We also
 measured species-specific microhabitat associations. Mammals were
 complementary in their dispersal of AM and ECM fungal spores. However,
 within AM dispersal networks, mammals were redundant, with asynchrony in
 mammal population fluctuations among years leading to changes in the
 relative importance of mammal species. Comparatively, ECM fungal spore
 consumption and dispersal was primarily provided by one rodent species
 (Myodes gapperi), resulting in dispersal networks that were highly
 specialized. This indicates that AM spore dispersal is more robust to
 changes in mammal community turnover compared to ECM spore dispersal.
 Mammal species varied from having no microhabitat associations to
 associating with a variety of different forest structure and ground cover
 conditions, indicating that species play different roles from broadcasting
 spores widely to depositing spores in discrete locations. By preserving
 microhabitat characteristics that are associated with small mammals in
 harvested areas, particularly downed wood and patches of pre-harvest
 vegetation, forest managers can help maintain dispersal of mycorrhizal
 fungi.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nk98sf7t7
title: Acoustic particle motion detection in the snapping shrimp (Alpheus richardsoni)

description: Many crustaceans produce sounds that might be used in communication.
 However, little is known about sound detection in crustaceans, hindering
 our understanding of crustacean acoustic communication. Sound detection
 has been determined only for a few species, and for many species, it is
 unclear how sound is perceived: as particle motion or sound pressure.
 Snapping shrimp are amongst the loudest and most pervasive marine sound
 sources. They produce snaps during interactions with conspecifics, and
 they also interact with soniferous heterospecifics. If they can hear, then
 sound could facilitate key behavioral interactions. We measured the
 auditory sensitivity of the snapping shrimp, Alpheus richardsoni, using
 auditory evoked potentials in response to a shaker table that generated
 only particle motion and an underwater speaker that generated both
 particle motion and sound pressure. Auditory detection was most sensitive
 between 80 - 100 Hz, and auditory evoked potentials were detected up to
 1500 Hz. Snapping shrimp responded to both the shaker table and the
 underwater speaker, demonstrating that they detect acoustic particle
 motion. Crushing the statocyst reduced or eliminated hearing sensitivity.
 We conclude that snapping shrimp detect acoustic particle motion using the
 statocyst, they might detect conspecifics and heterospecifics, and hearing
 could facilitate key behavioral interactions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0p9t
title: History taking online: Opportunities and limitations in comparison to traditional bedside teaching

description: Objective Obtaining a systematic medical history (MH) from a patient is a
 core competency in medical education and plays a vital role in the
 diagnosis of diseases. At the Faculty of Medicine at LMU Munich, students
 have their first course in MH taking during their second year. Due to the
 COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional bedside MH taking course had to be
 transformed into an online course (OC). Our objectives were to implement
 an online MH taking course, to evaluate its feasibility and to compare the
 evaluation results to a historic cohort that had undertaken the
 traditional bedside teaching course (BTC). Methods 874 second-year
 students participated in the OC. After teaching the theoretical background
 via asynchronous online lectures, students participated in a practical
 exercise with fellow students using the video communication platform Zoom
 where they were able to practice taking a MH on the basis of fictitious,
 text-based patient cases. Students were then asked to evaluate the course
 through a standardized online survey with 31 questions on teaching quality
 and self-perceived learning success, which had also been used in previous
 years. The survey results were compared to the results of the historic
 cohort using the two-sample t-test. Results A total of n=162 students
 (18.5%) evaluated the OC. In the historic cohort, n=252 (30.5%) completed
 the survey. 85.3% of the OC respondents thought that the atmosphere during
 the practical exercise was productive and 83.0% greatly appreciated the
 flexibility in terms of time management. 27.7% of the respondents thought
 that traditional BTCs should be supplemented through more online
 activities in the future. The respondents appreciated the online resources
 as well as having the opportunity to undertake a MH taking course during
 the COVID-19 pandemic. With respect to the ability of independently taking
 a MH upon completion of the course, the OC was rated significantly lower
 relative to the BTC (mean OC: 2.4, SD: ±1.1 vs. mean BTC: 1.9, SD: ±1.1
 (1=strongly agree; 5=strongly disagree); p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion OCs
 are a feasible format and seem to convey the theory and practical
 implementation in a peer-exercise format of MH taking to medical students.
 The theoretical background can be acquired with great flexibility.
 Nevertheless, the students’ self-appraisal suggested that the traditional
 teaching format was more effective at teaching MH taking skills. Thus, we
 propose a blended learning concept, combining elements of both formats. In
 this context, we suggest prospective, randomized trials to evaluate
 blended learning approaches.
description: Upon completing the course, students were sent a link to
 an anonymous, online survey where they were able to evaluate the course.
 All evaluations were completed online. This was a subjective
 evaluation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2zbg
title: Non-adaptive molecular evolution of seminal fluid proteins in drosophila

description: Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are a group of reproductive proteins that
 are amongst the most evolutionarily divergent known. As SFPs can impact
 male and female fitness, these proteins have been proposed to evolve under
 post-copulatory sexual selection (PCSS). However, the fast change of the
 SFPs can also result from non-adaptive evolution, and the extent to which
 selective constraints prevent SFPs rapid evolution remains unknown. Using
 intra- and interspecific sequence information, along with genomics and
 functional data, we examine the molecular evolution of approximately 300
 SFPs in Drosophila. We found that 50-57% of the SFP genes, depending on
 the population examined, are evolving under relaxed selection. Only 7-12%
 showed evidence of positive selection, with no evidence supporting other
 forms of PCSS, and 35-37% of the SFP genes were selectively constrained.
 Further, despite associations of positive selection with gene location on
 the X chromosome and protease activity, the analysis of additional genomic
 and functional features revealed their lack of influence on SFPs evolving
 under positive selection. Our results highlight a lack of sufficient
 evidence to claim that most SFPs are driven to evolve rapidly by PCSS
 while identifying genomic and functional attributes that influence
 different modes of SFPs evolution.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w0v
title: Microgeographic evolution of metabolic physiology in a salamander metapopulation

description: The Metabolic Theory of Ecology explains ecological variation spanning
 taxonomic organization, space, and time based on universal physiological
 relationships. The theory depends on two core parameters: the
 normalization constant, a mass-independent measure of metabolic rate
 expected to be invariant among similar species, and the scaling
 coefficient, a measure of metabolic change with body mass commonly assumed
 to follow the universal ¾ scaling law. In this study, we explored evidence
 for evolved variation in these parameters in a spotted salamander
 (Ambystoma maculatum) metapopulation in Connecticut, USA. To test our
 hypothesis, we measured standard metabolic rate in common-garden raised
 spotted salamanders from 22 different populations and tested for effects
 of six ecological variables suspected in advance to select for divergent
 physiology. We found that metabolic rate rose with body mass with a
 log-log slope of 0.97 that was statistically different from the expected ¾
 scaling law. Although we found no evidence for interpopulation variation
 in the scaling coefficient, we found evidence for interpopulation
 variation in the normalization constants among populations. Metabolic
 variation was best explained by differences in population density among
 ponds. Our results provide mixed support for Metabolic Theory of Ecology
 assumptions about parameter invariance and illustrate how fundamental
 physiological processes such as metabolic rate can evolve across
 microgeographic spatial scales.
description: See publication for detailed methods.
description: Missing values in .csv file indicated with 'NA'.
 Variable names and measurement units in associated ReadMe.doc
 file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqgb
title: Characteristic of complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic status of a recently described species of mountain dragon, Diploderma vela, from the Upper Lantsang Valley in West China (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae)

description: The mountain dragon, Diploderma vela, is an endemic and protected
 valley lizard which inhabits the upper Lantsang Valley in West China. In
 this study, we successfully sequenced the mitochondrial genome of a male
 individuals of D. vela using the next-generation
 sequencing method. The complete mitogenome was 16,432 bp in length,
 containing two non-coding control regions, 13 protein-coding genes, 22
 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. A Bayesian phylogenetic
 tree using the complete mitochondrial genomes of Agamidae species showed a
 result consistent with previous studies. This study provides fundamental
 data for better understanding of the genetic evolution and the
 phylogenetic relationship of mountain dragon.
description: Total genomic DNA was extracted from liver tissue of a topotype
 using Trelief Animal Genomic DNA Kit following the manufacturer’s
 instruction with minor modification. The complete mitochondrial DNA
 sequence was analyzed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Genes were
 assembled and annotated with the SPAdes v3.11.0 and MITOS web server,
 respectively. 
description: The mitogenomic sequence was submitted to GenBank with the
 accession number MW788326.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz3t
title: Recovery of a cultivation grazer: A mechanism for compensatory growth of Thalassia testudinum in a Caribbean seagrass meadow grazed by green turtles

description: Recovery of green turtles (Chelonia mydas), mega-herbivores that consume
 seagrasses, is resulting in dramatic ecosystem-wide changes as meadows are
 returned to a natural grazed state. The green turtle grazing strategy,
 with long-term cultivation of meadows and high foraging site fidelity, is
 distinct from other terrestrial and aquatic mega-herbivores and may affect
 seagrass compensatory growth responses. Identifying mechanisms of
 compensatory growth responses to grazing is essential to understanding the
 functioning of plant systems under natural grazing regimes. In a naturally
 grazed Caribbean seagrass ecosystem, we identify a mechanism for
 compensatory growth responses to grazing by evaluating relationships
 between Thalassia testudinum morphology and growth, grazing intensity, and
 canopy light dynamics in grazed and ungrazed areas. The morphological
 characteristics that explain variability in T. testudinum growth differed
 between grazed and ungrazed areas. In grazed areas, T. testudinum leaf
 linear growth, leaf area growth, and productivity:biomass (P:B)
 significantly increased as aboveground biomass decreased; P:B also
 increased with shoot density. Mass growth in grazed areas exhibited an
 increasing trend with shoot density and was maintained above a threshold
 of 2.5 g dry mass m-2 aboveground biomass. In ungrazed areas, trends for
 mass growth and P:B with aboveground biomass and shoot density were
 opposite to those in grazed areas. In grazed areas, shoot density
 significantly increased with grazing intensity, while aboveground biomass
 decreased and leaf area index (LAI) was not affected. Light availability
 at canopy height was greater in grazed areas than in ungrazed areas, and
 canopy light attenuation increased with shoot density in grazed areas.
 Synthesis: Grazing removes aboveground biomass, which increases light
 availability and stimulates leaf growth and turnover (i.e. compensatory
 growth). Shoot density increases with grazing intensity, maintaining LAI
 and canopy light harvesting potential. This maximizes the potential for
 leaf photosynthetic activity and provides the plant with the capacity to
 sustain mass growth and support a compensatory growth response to grazing.
 This study presents novel insight for assessing the underlying mechanisms
 of plant compensatory growth responses to cultivation grazing and proposes
 potential thresholds that may be used to evaluate the sustainability of in
 situ grazing pressure by a recovering mega-herbivore.
description: Please refer to the corresponding publication for detailed
 methodology.
description: Please refer to attached Readme.txt file
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51c59zw8b
title: Accounting for imperfect detection in data from museums and herbaria when modeling species distributions: Combining and contrasting data-level versus model-level bias correction

description: The digitization of museum collections as well as an explosion in citizen
 science initiatives has resulted in a wealth of data that can be useful
 for understanding the global distribution of biodiversity, provided that
 the well-documented biases inherent in unstructured opportunistic data are
 accounted for. While traditionally used to model imperfect detection using
 structured data from systematic surveys of wildlife, occupancy models
 provide a framework for modelling the imperfect collection process that
 results in digital specimen data. In this study, we explore methods for
 adapting occupancy models for use with biased opportunistic occurrence
 data from museum specimens and citizen science platforms using 7 species
 of Anacardiaceae in Florida as a case study. We explored two methods of
 incorporating information about collection effort to inform our
 uncertainty around species presence: (1) filtering the data to exclude
 collectors unlikely to collect the focal species and (2) incorporating
 collection covariates (collection type, time of collection, and history of
 previous detections) into a model of collection probability. We found that
 the best models incorporated both the background data filtration step as
 well as collector covariates. Month, method of collection and whether a
 collector had previously collected the focal species were important
 predictors of collection probability. Efforts to standardize meta-data
 associated with data collection will improve efforts for modeling the
 spatial distribution of a variety of species.
description: R code for downloading data, cleaning data, and running occupancy
 models. 
description: README.MD contains an overview of the R scripts.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvj6
title: Size-mediated priority effects are trait-dependent and consistent across latitudes in a damselfly

description: Variation in hatching time (phenology) might cause size differences within
 populations resulting in size-mediated priority effects (SMPEs) shaping
 intraspecific interactions. These phenology-driven effects potentially can
 be strengthened by seasonal time constraints caused by a short growth
 season, and depend on latitude. Here the single and combined effects of
 phenology and latitude-associated time constraints on SMPEs in larvae of
 an aquatic insect, the damselfly Lestes sponsa, are studied. We did so by
 rearing larvae in groups of 16 individuals with different phenology
 (hatching date) thereby imposing strong intraspecific competition,
 resulting in cannibalism. We thereby manipulated in a fully crossed way
 time constraints (combination of temperature and photoperiod:
 thermo-photoperiod) in larvae from low-latitude and more time constrained
 high-latitude populations, and examined effects on life history (survival,
 development, growth) and physiology (fat and protein contents, and
 phenoloxidase activity as a measure of immune function). Phenology, time
 constraints, and latitude of origin had strong effects on life history,
 but only the time constraint affected the physiology. We detected a SMPE
 for survival that, however, was not stronger under time constraints and
 was consistent in strength between latitudes. Phenology and time
 constraints interacted for development and growth in a direction
 suggesting adaptive responses to time constraints but these life history
 traits did not show SMPEs. We provided important insights in the study of
 SMPEs thereby showing these to be trait-dependent and not more pronounced
 under experimentally manipulated or latitude-associated time constraints.
 Our study thereby makes an important addition to geographic variation in
 SMPEs, a largely neglected topic.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwf4
title: Predominantly linear summation of metabotropic postsynaptic potentials follows coactivation of neurogliaform interneurons

description: Summation of ionotropic receptor-mediated responses is critical in
 neuronal computation by shaping input-output characteristics of neurons.
 However, arithmetics of summation for metabotropic signals are not known.
 We characterized the combined ionotropic and metabotropic output of
 neocortical neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) using electrophysiological and
 anatomical methods. These experiments revealed that GABA receptors are
 activated up to 1.8 microns from release sites and confirmed coactivation
 of putative NGFCs in superficial cortical layers in vivo. Triple
 recordings from presynaptic NGFCs converging to a postsynaptic neuron
 revealed sublinear summation of ionotropic GABAA responses and linear
 summation of metabotropic GABAB responses. Based on a model combining
 properties of volume transmission and distributions of all NGFC axon
 terminals, we predict that in 83% of cases one or two NGFCs can provide
 input to a point in the neuropil. We suggest that interactions of
 metabotropic GABAergic responses remain linear even if most superficial
 layer interneurons specialized to recruit GABAB receptors are
 simultaneously active.
description: The files include all the source data for the figures.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4s9
title: Predicting pasture and forest landowner intention to create early successional habitat

description: As human land uses expand across the landscape, the management practices
 of private landowners are an essential part of effective conservation.
 Early successional habitats (ESH) and the species that depend on them are
 a priority in the eastern United States, and efforts to create ESH on
 private lands has primarily focused on forest landowners and timber
 harvests. Private pasture lands in a forested landscape present an
 additional opportunity to create and maintain ESH, yet our understanding
 of landowner values and attitudes about management strategies in pastures
 is lacking. To address this, we surveyed private landowners in 5 Virginia
 counties who own ≥10.1 ha or &gt;610 m elevation (n = 503). Our
 primary objective was to understand how a variety of factors such as
 landowner values, past experience with habitat management, and perceived
 barriers to carrying out habitat management are associated with private
 landowner intention to carry out 7 ESH management strategies (i.e.,
 reduced mowing, reduced grazing, timber harvests within forest, timber
 harvests at a field-forest border, prescribed fire, use of machinery, and
 use of herbicides to control invasive species) for the benefit of wildlife
 in the next five years. We used boosted regression trees to determine
 which factors best predicted the intention to carry out each strategy. We
 were able to effectively predict (accuracy &gt; 75%) landowner
 intention to engage in open pasture and timber management strategies.
 Landowner values were not consistent across the different management
 strategies; landowners likely to reduce mowing or grazing valued
 ecological aspects of their land (i.e., pollinator habitat water quality)
 whereas landowners likely to harvest timber valued hunting and revenue.
 Past experience with wildlife management was the strongest predictor of
 likelihood to reduce mowing and grazing. Our results suggest that
 expanding outreach efforts to include pasture management options would
 engage a broader set of landowners in creation of ESH, especially if such
 efforts highlighted the benefits to pollinator species, water quality, and
 enhanced opportunities for hunting and other types of recreation.
description: We used boosted regression tree (BRT) models to analyze our
 survey data. The response variable was intention to manage, and we
 developed models for 7 different management strategies that can be used to
 create early-successional habitat.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jm63xsjb6
title: Local sea-level rise caused by climate change in the northwest Pacific marginal seas using dynamical downscaling

description: Global climate models (GCMs) have limitations in simulating spatially
 non-uniform sea-level rise due to their coarse resolution and omission of
 tides in the marginal seas. Regional ocean climate model (RCM) that
 considers tide was used to address the shortcomings of GCMs through
 dynamical downscaling in the northwest Pacific marginal seas. Four GCMs
 that drive RCMs were selected based on the performance evaluation along
 the boundary of the RCMs. High-resolution RCMs (1/20° resolution)
 were able to project nonuniform changes in the sea-level via the
 intermediate and high-end scenarios from 2006 to 2100. Downscaled
 simulation enabled us to determine the total sea-level rise (TSLR), which
 includes tidal amplitude changes and natural
 variability. High-resolution RCMs with dynamical downscaling that
 consider tides might be recommended for decision makers to accurately
 estimate local sea-level changes. In this data publication, we present the
 model output and results associated with the Frontiers in Marine
 Science's manuscript #620570: “Local sea-level rise caused
 by climate change in the northwest Pacific marginal seas using dynamic
 downscaling”. We include all model results for figures.
description: MATLAB is needed to process these datasets. Almost of data are
 '~.m' and '.nc' files. The names of each data
 file match the names of each figure (Data01 &lt;-&gt; Figure
 01).