cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6m905qg38
title: Invasive predator diet plasticity has implications for native fish conservation & invasive species suppression

description: Diet plasticity is a common behavior exhibited by piscivores to sustain
 predator biomass when preferred prey biomass is reduced. Invasive
 piscivore diet plasticity could complicate suppression success; thus,
 understanding invasive predator consumption is insightful to meeting
 conservation targets. Here, we determine if diet plasticity exists in an
 invasive apex piscivore and how plasticity could influence native species
 recovery benchmarks and invasive species suppression goals. We compared
 diet and stable isotope signatures of invasive lake trout and native
 Yellowstone cutthroat trout (cutthroat trout) from Yellowstone Lake,
 Wyoming, U.S.A. as a function of no, low-, moderate-, and high-lake trout
 density states. Lake trout exhibited plasticity in relation to their
 density; consumption of cutthroat trout decreased 5-fold (diet proportion
 from 0.89 to 0.18) from low- to high-density state. During the
 high-density state, lake trout switched to amphipods, which were also
 consumed by cutthroat trout, resulting in high diet overlap (Schoener’s
 index value, D = 0.68) between the species. As suppression reduced lake
 trout densities, more cutthroat trout (moderate-density state proportion
 of cutthroat trout = 0.42) were consumed, and diet overlap was released
 between the species (D = 0.30). A shift in lake trout δ13C signatures from
 the high- to the moderate-density state also corroborated increased
 consumption of cutthroat trout and lake trout diet plasticity. Observed
 declines in lake trout are not commensurate with expected cutthroat trout
 recovery due to lake trout diet plasticity. The abundance of the native
 species in need of conservation may take longer to recover due to the diet
 plasticity of the invasive species. The changes observed in diet, diet
 overlap, and isotopes associated with predator suppression provide more
 insight into conservation and suppression dynamics than using predator and
 prey biomass alone. By understanding these dynamics, we can better prepare
 conservation programs for potential feedbacks caused by invasive species
 suppression.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w3p
title: Temperature and land-use rates of change for populations of fast and slow species in the LPD

description: Human-induced environmental changes have a direct impact on species
 populations, with some species experiencing declines while others display
 population growth. Understanding why and how species populations respond
 differently to environmental changes is fundamental to mitigate and
 predict future biodiversity changes. Theoretically, species life-history
 strategies are key determinants shaping the response of populations to
 environmental impacts. Despite this, the association between species'
 life-histories and the response of populations to environmental changes
 has not been tested. In this study, we analysed the effects of recent
 land-cover and temperature changes on rates of population change of 1,072
 populations recorded in the Living Planet Database. We selected
 populations with at least 5 yearly consecutive records (after imputation
 of missing population estimates) between 1992 and 2016, and for which we
 achieved high population imputation accuracy (in the cases where missing
 values had to be imputed). These populations were distributed across 553
 different locations and included 461 terrestrial amniote vertebrate
 species (273 birds, 137 mammals, and 51 reptiles) with different
 life-history strategies. We showed that populations of fast-lived species
 inhabiting areas that have experienced recent expansion of cropland or
 bare soil present positive population trends on average, whereas
 slow-lived species display negative population trends. Although these
 findings support previous hypotheses that fast-lived species are better
 adapted to recover their populations after an environmental perturbation,
 the sensitivity analysis revealed that model outcomes are strongly
 influenced by the addition or exclusion of populations with extreme rates
 of change. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. With
 climate and land-use changes likely to increase in the future,
 establishing clear links between species characteristics and responses to
 these threats is fundamental for designing and conducting conservation
 actions. The results of this study can aid in evaluating population
 sensitivity, assessing the likely conservation status of species with poor
 data coverage, and predicting future scenarios of biodiversity change.
description: This dataset contains all the data used to carry out the analysis
 described in the original paper.
description: This dataset can be easily opened and manipulated using any kind
 of "office" or similar spreadsheet manipulation software. This
 document contains the actual data necessary to replicate the experiments.
 A description of the variables can be found in the README file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fsd
title: Taurine depletion impairs cardiac function and affects tolerance to hypoxia and high temperatures in brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis)

description: Physiological and environmental stressors can cause osmotic stress in fish
 hearts, leading to a reduction in intracellular taurine concentration.
 Taurine is a beta amino acid known to regulate cardiac function in other
 animal models but its role in fish has not been fully elucidated. We
 generated a model of cardiac taurine-deficiency (TD) by feeding brook char
 (Salvelinus fontinalis) a diet enriched in β-alanine, which inhibits
 cardiomyocyte taurine uptake. Cardiac taurine levels were reduced by 21%,
 and stress-induced changes in normal taurine handling were observed in TD
 brook char. Responses to exhaustive exercise and acute thermal and hypoxia
 tolerance were then assessed using a combination of in vivo, in vitro, and
 biochemical approaches. Critical thermal maximum was higher in TD brook
 char despite significant reductions in maximum heart rate. In vivo, TD
 brook char exhibited a lower resting heart rate, blunted hypoxic
 bradycardia, and a severe reduction in time to loss of equilibrium under
 hypoxia. In vitro function was similar between control and TD hearts under
 oxygenated conditions, but stroke volume and cardiac output were severely
 compromised in TD hearts under anoxia. Aspects of mitochondrial structure
 and function were also impacted in TD permeabilized cardiomyocytes, but
 overall effects were modest. High levels of intracellular taurine are
 required to achieve maximum cardiac function in brook char and cardiac
 taurine efflux may be necessary to support heart function under stress.
 Taurine appears to play a vital, previously unrecognized role in
 supporting cardiovascular function and stress tolerance in fish.
description: The dataset was collected and processed according to the methods
 described in the associated manuscript doi:10.1242/jeb.245092
description: Microsoft Excel or open source equivalent.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2bvq83btk
title: Dating the origin and spread of specialization on human hosts in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

description: The globally invasive mosquito subspecies Aedes aegypti aegypti is a
 highly effective vector of human arboviruses because it specializes in
 biting humans and breeding in human habitats. Recent work suggests that
 specialization first arose as an adaptation to long, hot dry seasons in
 the West African Sahel, where Ae. aegypti is forced to rely on
 human-stored water for breeding. However, rainfall patterns in this region
 have changed dramatically over the past 10–20 thousand years, and we do
 not yet know exactly when specialization occurred. Here we use
 whole-genome cross-coalescent analysis to date the emergence of human
 specialist populations in the Sahel and thus further probe the climate
 hypothesis. Importantly, we take advantage of the known migration of
 human-specialist populations out of Africa during the Atlantic Slave Trade
 to calibrate the coalescent clock and thus obtain a more precise estimate
 of the older evolutionary event than would otherwise be possible. We find
 that human-specialist mosquitoes diverged rapidly from ecological
 generalists approximately 5,000 years ago, which corresponds to the end of
 the African Humid Period—a time when the Sahara dried and water stored by
 humans became a uniquely stable, aquatic niche in the Sahel. We also use
 population genomic analyses to date a previously observed influx of
 human-specialist alleles into major West African cities, where mosquitoes
 tend to be more attracted to humans than in nearby rural populations
 regardless of climate. In this case, the characteristic length of tracts
 of human-specialist ancestry present on a generalist genetic background in
 Kumasi, Ghana and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso suggests the change in
 behavior occurred during rapid urbanization over the last 20–40 years.
 Taken together, we show that the timing and ecological context of two
 previously observed shifts toward human biting in Ae. aegypti differ;
 climate was likely the original driver, but urbanization has become
 increasingly important in recent decades. Understanding the changing
 relationship between mosquitoes and humans over time is critical for
 predicting and managing the burdens of mosquito-borne disease.
description: BCF files (binary VCF files) can be accessed (and converted to
 VCF, if desired) using bcftools
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r7sqv9sgf
title: Precise and stable edge orientation signaling by human first-order tactile neurons

description: Fast-adapting type 1 (FA-1) and slow-adapting type 1 (SA-1) first-order
 neurons in the human tactile system have distal axons that branch in the
 skin and form many transduction sites, yielding receptive fields with many
 highly sensitive zones or ‘subfields’. We previously demonstrated that
 this arrangement allows FA-1 and SA-1 neurons to signal the geometric
 features of touched objects, specifically the orientation of raised edges
 scanned with the fingertips. Here we show that such signaling operates for
 fine edge orientation differences (5–20°) and is stable across a broad
 range of scanning speeds (15–180 mm/s); that is, under conditions relevant
 for real-world hand use. We found that both FA-1 and SA-1 neurons weakly
 signal fine edge orientation differences via the intensity of their
 spiking responses and only when considering a single scanning speed. Both
 neuron types showed much stronger edge orientation signaling in the
 sequential structure of the evoked spike trains and FA-1 neurons performed
 better than SA-1 neurons. Represented in the spatial domain, the
 sequential structure was strikingly invariant across scanning speeds,
 especially those naturally used in tactile spatial discrimination tasks.
 This speed invariance suggests that neurons’ responses are structured via
 sequential stimulation of their subfields and thus links this capacity to
 their terminal organization in the skin. Indeed, the spatial precision of
 elicited action potentials rationally matched spatial acuity of subfield
 arrangements, which corresponds to a spatial period similar to the
 dimensions of individual fingertip ridges.
description: This dataset includes all raw data associated with the study as
 it was originally collected after spike sorting. It includes the drum
 position, contact force, location of the stimuli, spiking
 events. 
description: The dataset is provided as a Matlab binary file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np5hqbzxb
title: Increasing prevalence of severe fires change the structure of arthropod communities: Evidence from a meta-analysis

description: 1. Animal ecology and evolution are shaped by environmental perturbations,
 which are undergoing unprecedented alterations due to climate change. Fire
 is one such perturbation that causes significant disruption by causing
 mortality and altering habitats and resources for animals. Fire regimes
 are changing on a global scale, but the effects of these changes on animal
 communities are poorly understood. Arthropods are one of the most
 ubiquitous and diverse animal taxa on the planet and their populations are
 sensitive to environmental change. Given their wide-ranging impacts on
 ecosystem functioning, a better understanding of arthropod responses to
 changing fire regimes is critical and may also provide more general
 insights into how other groups might respond to fire. 2. Here, we provide
 a comprehensive meta-analytical assessment of how fire influences the
 arthropod community across habitats and functional groups. Using data from
 130 peer-reviewed papers across the globe, we tested how a variety of fire
 characteristics, including management regime, severity, and
 time-since-fire affect arthropod populations and communities across
 habitats. 3. Our results show that arthropod communities display
 substantial variation in response to fire and that community-level
 responses are most likely to be detected within the first year. Responses
 also vary depending on fire characteristics and habitat. Specifically,
 while community metrics such as diversity were increased by low severity
 fires, they were reduced by high severity fires. Likewise, evenness
 increased after prescribed burns but was reduced after wildfire. Measures
 of arthropod community structure decreased following fires in deserts and
 forests. 4. Across the entire arthropod community, fire also had variable
 effects on community diversity. Fire tended to have a negative effect size
 on arthropods across life stages, but responses did vary among groups.
 Nearly all functional groups exhibited a negative response to fire with
 the exception of herbivores, for which abundance, diversity, and richness
 increased after fire. 5. Our results suggest that the increasing
 prevalence of high-severity wildfires is changing the structure of
 arthropod communities. Given their ubiquitous presence and diverse roles
 in terrestrial ecosystems, these community changes are likely to affect
 ecosystem functioning in various ways, including through increased
 herbivory.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.stb4ju
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 263 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Erythrina lysistemon",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 263 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003295-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dv41ns22d
title: Data from: The contribution of mutation to variation in temperature-dependent sprint speed in zebrafish, Danio rerio

description: The contribution of new mutations to phenotypic variation, and the
 consequences of this variation for individual fitness, are fundamental
 concepts for understanding genetic variation and adaptation. Here, we
 investigated how mutation influenced variation in a complex trait in
 zebrafish, Danio rerio. Typical of many ecologically relevant traits in
 ectotherms, swimming speed in fish is temperature-dependent, with evidence
 of adaptive evolution of thermal performance. We chemically induced novel
 germline point mutations in males and measured sprint speed in their sons
 at six temperatures (between 16°C and 34°C). Heterozygous mutational
 effects on speed were strongly positively correlated among temperatures,
 resulting in statistical support for only a single axis of mutational
 variation, reflecting temperature-independent variation in speed
 (faster-slower mode). These results suggest pleiotropic effects on speed
 across different temperatures, however, spurious correlations arise via
 linkage, or heterogeneity in mutation number when mutations have
 consistent directional effects on each trait. Here, mutation did not
 change mean speed, indicating no directional bias in mutational effects.
 The results contribute to emerging evidence that mutations may
 predominantly have synergistic cross-environment effects, in contrast to
 conditionally neutral or antagonistic effects which underpin thermal
 adaptation. We discuss several aspects of experimental design that may
 affect resolution of mutations with non-synergistic effects.
description: Individual fish from two treatments
 were swum in a flume using a step velocity test to assess their sprint
 speed, Usprint. The file contains 3479 records of Usprint for 594
 individuals from 100 families, belonging to either Mutant or Control
 treatments. Analyses were conducted excluding individuals more than 3SD
 from the mean of their respective temperature, treatment, flume and block
 means.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr842
title: Effect of behavioral conditions on silk characteristics in the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella)

description: Lepidopteran silks are produced during the larval stage and are used for
 mobility and protection from predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Our
 knowledge of silk structure and production in Lepidoptera is based largely
 on the biology of the domesticated silkworm moth (Bombyx mori), but recent
 comparative evidence suggests that silk production and structure vary
 widely across moth taxa. Some species like the Indian meal moth (Plodia
 interpunctella) are becoming important biological models to study silk for
 its potential application to materials science and medicine, but many
 aspects of silk production in this species remain unknown. Here we
 characterize physical changes in the silk of P. interpunctella by
 measuring the width of wandering and pupal silk strands and find that
 pupal silk is significantly thicker than the latter.  We then
 report individual variation in pupal silk production in our lab-reared
 colony with a very small number of individuals forgoing pupal silk
 (&lt; 4%) and find that overcrowding had no effect on this, whereas
 exposure to elevated temperatures reduced rates of pupal silk production.
description: These data were collected from a lab colony of the Indian meal
 moth (<em>Plodia interpunctella</em>) and comprise head
 widths, wandering and pupal silk width, pupal silk production
 (presence/absence) and eclosion (presence/absence). Raw data were
 processed and analyzed using a custom R script included here.
description: All files can be opened with a text editor. Data files can also
 be opened with excel and analysis scripts can be opened with R or R
 Studio.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34tz3
title: Interactions between metabolism and growth can determine the co-existence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

description: Most bacteria exist and interact within polymicrobial communities. These
 interactions produce unique compounds, increase virulence and
 augment antibiotic resistance. One community associated with negative
 healthcare outcomes consists of Pseudomonas
 aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. When co-cultured,
 virulence factors secreted by P. aeruginosa reduce
 metabolism and growth in S. aureus. When grown in vitro,
 this allows P. aeruginosa to drive S.
 aureus toward extinction. However, when found in vivo,
 both species can co-exist. Previous work has noted that this may be due to
 altered gene expression or mutations. However, little is known
 about how the growth environment could influence the co-existence of both
 species. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and experimentation,
 we show that changes to bacterial growth and metabolism caused by
 differences in the growth environment can determine the final population
 composition. We found that changing the carbon source in growth media
 affects the ratio of ATP to growth rate for both species, a metric we call
 absolute growth. We found that as a growth environment increases the
 absolute growth for one species, that species will increasingly dominate
 the co-culture. This is due to interactions between growth, metabolism,
 and metabolism-altering virulence factors produced by P.
 aeruginosa. Finally, we show that the relationship between absolute growth
 and the final population composition can be perturbed by altering the
 spatial structure in the community. Our results demonstrate that
 differences in growth environment can account for conflicting observations
 regarding the co-existence of these bacterial species in the literature,
 provides support for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, and may
 offer a novel mechanism to manipulate polymicrobial populations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r2280gbgq
title: Trust in Digital Health dataset

description: The Trust in Digital Health project was conducted by the Centre for Social
 Research in Health, UNSW Sydney in collaboration with community
 organisations to assess views of digital health systems in Australia,
 particularly among communities affected by bloodborne viruses and sexually
 transmissible infections. We conducted a national, online survey of
 Australians’ attitudes to digital health in April–June 2020. The sample
 (N=2,240) was recruited from the general population and four priority
 populations affected by HIV and other sexually transmissible infections:
 gay and bisexual men, people living with HIV, sex workers, and trans and
 gender-diverse people. The deidentified dataset and syntax provided here
 were used for an analysis of factors associated with greater knowledge of
 My Health Record and the likelihood of opting out of the system. My Health
 Record is Australia’s national, digital, personal health record
 system. 
description: The data were collected from a national, online, cross-sectional
 survey conducted in Australia in April–June 2020. The dataset has been
 deidentified and cleaned using Stata version 16.1 (College Station,
 TX).
description: Stata version 16.1 (College Station, TX) was used to create the
 dataset (a .dta file) and perform statistical analyses (in a .do syntax
 file).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr9q
title: Wild herbivores enhance resistance to invasion by exotic cacti in an African savanna

description: 1. Whether wild herbivores confer biotic resistance to invasion by exotic
 plants remains a key question in ecology. There is evidence that wild
 herbivores can impede invasion by exotic plants, but it is unclear whether
 and how this generalises across ecosystems with varying wild herbivore
 diversity and functional groups of plants, particularly over long-term
 (decadal) time frames. 2. Using data from three long-term (13- to 26-year)
 exclosure experiments in central Kenya, we tested the effects of wild
 herbivores on the density of exotic invasive cacti, Opuntia stricta and O.
 ficus-indica (collectively, Opuntia), which are among the worst invasive
 species globally. We also examined relationships between wild herbivore
 richness and elephant occurrence probability with the probability of O.
 stricta presence at the landscape level (6,150 km2). 3. Opuntia densities
 were 74% to 99% lower in almost all plots accessible to wild herbivores
 and increased more rapidly in plots excluding wild herbivores. These
 effects were largely driven by megaherbivores (≥1,000 kg), particularly
 elephants. 4. At the landscape level, modelled Opuntia occurrence
 probability was negatively correlated with estimated species richness of
 wild herbivores and elephant occurrence probability. On average, O.
 stricta occurrence probability fell from ~0.56 to ~0.45 as wild herbivore
 richness increased from 6 to 10 species and fell from ~0.57 to ~0.40 as
 elephant occurrence probability increased from ~0.41 to ~0.84. These
 multi-scale results suggest that any facilitative effects of Opuntia by
 wild herbivores (e.g., seed/vegetative dispersal) are overridden by
 suppression (e.g., consumption, uprooting, trampling). 5. Synthesis. Our
 experimental and observational findings that wild herbivores confer
 resistance to invasion by exotic cacti add to evidence that conserving and
 restoring native herbivore assemblages (particularly megaherbivores) can
 increase community resistance to plant invasions.