DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96b3
title: Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures

description: Whether sexual selection facilitates or hampers the ability to plastically
 respond to novel environments might depend on population structure, via
 its effects on sexual interactions and associated fitness payoffs. Using
 experimentally evolved lines of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus,
 we tested whether individuals evolving under different sexual selection
 (monogamy vs polygamy) and population spatial structure (metapopulation vs
 undivided populations) treatments differed in their response across
 developmental thermal conditions (control, hot or stressful) in a range of
 fitness and fitness-associated traits. We found that individuals from
 subdivided populations had lower lifetime reproductive success (LRS) at
 hot temperatures, but only in lines evolving under relaxed sexual
 selection, revealing a complex interaction between sexual selection,
 population structure, and thermal environmental stress on fitness. We also
 found an effect of population structure on several traits, including
 fertility and adult emergence success, under exposure to high thermal
 conditions. Finally, we found a strong negative effect of hot and
 stressful temperatures in fitness and associated traits. Our results show
 that population structure can exacerbate the impact of a warming climate,
 potentially leading to declines in population viability, but that sexual
 selection can buffer the negative influence of population subdivision on
 adaptation to warm temperatures.
description: # Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population
 fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96b3](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96b3) ## Description of the data and file structure The dataset shows the emergence success and development time of the offspring of different focal pairs, and the daughter lifespan and fitness (measured as lifetime reproductive success, LRS) after the exposure during development to different temperature regimes. The experiment was carried out with individuals from different selection lines, where the extent of sexual selection/conflict (monogamy vs polygamy) and population structure (divided vs undivided) was manipulated for 104 generations previous to the experiment. The dataset is separated for each of the variables analysed. Sheet 1, called LRS, shows the variables used to run the models associated with daughter lifetime reproductive success. Sheet 2, called Lifespan, shows the data used to explore the effect of the selection regimes and temperature on daughter lifespan. Sheet 3, called Emergence\_success, is associated with the data collected to explore the effect of the selection regimes and temperature on son and daughter emergence; while Sheet 4, called Development\_time, has the data related to the time sons and daughters took to emerge in each selection regime and temperature treatments. The definition of each variable is as follows: Vial\_ID (generation F1): random identification number given to daughters emerging from F1. LRS: Lifetime Reproductive Success, counted as the total number of emerged adults per daughter. Mother\_ID (F0): random identification number of the mother of the daughters from F0. Mother\_line: identification of the evolutionary line mothers were collected from (16 different lines). Sexual selection: sexual selection history of the line, monogamy or polygamy. Population structure: structure of the evolutionary lines. Yes=subdivided, metapopulation; no=undivided. Temperature (°C): thermal regime to which eggs/larvae were exposed during the development. Fertility\_binomial: 0=daughters that did not produce adult offspring; 1=daughters with at least one adult offspring. Lifespan (days): number of days elapsed since the copulation to the death of the daughter. Emerged: number of eggs per batch that produced an emerged adult. No\_emerged: number of eggs per batch that did not produce an emerged adult. Total\_eggs\_collected: total number of eggs in each batch. Emergence\_binomial: 1=the batch produced at least one emerged adult; 0=the batch did not lead to any emergence. Development\_time (days): number of days elapsed between egg-laying day and the adult emergence day. Sex: sex of the emergent adult. F=female; M=male. ## Sharing/Access information This is a section for linking to other ways to access the data, and for linking to sources the data is derived from, if any. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: * [http://...](http://...) Data was derived from the following sources: * ## Code/Software This is an optional, freeform section for describing any code in your submission and the software used to run it. Describe any scripts, code, or notebooks (e.g., R, Python, Mathematica, MatLab) as well as the software versions (including loaded packages) that you used to run those files. If your repository contains more than one file whose relationship to other scripts is not obvious, provide information about the workflow that you used to run those scripts and notebooks.