cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e116433v1
title: Replication data for: Referrals: Peer Screening and Enforcement in a Consumer Credit Field Experiment

description: Empirical evidence on peer intermediation lags behind both theory and practice in which lenders use peers to mitigate adverse selection and moral hazard. Using a referral incentive under individual liability, we develop a two-stage field experiment that permits separate identification of peer screening and enforcement. Our key contribution is to allow for borrower heterogeneity in both ex ante repayment type and ex post susceptibility to social pressure. Our method allows identification of selection on repayment likelihood, selection on susceptibility to social pressure, and loan enforcement. Implementing our method in South Africa we find no evidence of screening but large enforcement effects. (JEL D14, D82, G21, O12, O16)
DOI: 10.3886/e116434
title: Replication data for: Switching Costs and Competition in Retirement Investment

description: How do different switching costs affect choices and competition in a private pension system? I answer this question in a setting in which variation in employment status allows me to identify two switching costs that jointly affect enrollees' decisions: the cost of evaluating financial information and the cost of the bureaucratic process that enrollees must navigate when switching. I use this variation to estimate the different switching costs and study their impact on competition among pension funds. I find that though eliminating all switching costs decreases equilibrium fees the most, eliminating either switching cost decreases fees significantly.
DOI: 10.3886/e116434v1
title: Replication data for: Switching Costs and Competition in Retirement Investment

description: How do different switching costs affect choices and competition in a private pension system? I answer this question in a setting in which variation in employment status allows me to identify two switching costs that jointly affect enrollees' decisions: the cost of evaluating financial information and the cost of the bureaucratic process that enrollees must navigate when switching. I use this variation to estimate the different switching costs and study their impact on competition among pension funds. I find that though eliminating all switching costs decreases equilibrium fees the most, eliminating either switching cost decreases fees significantly.
DOI: 10.3886/e116435
title: Replication data for: Copyright and Generic Entry in Book Publishing

description: Taking works off copyright promotes their availability, but it also allows generic entry to dissipate producer surplus. This paper examines the effect of a copyright on the availability and price of books when incentives to create new works are not affected. Evaluating the welfare impact of the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act, I find that a copyright significantly limits the availability of works, leading to a decrease in consumer surplus, which is significantly larger than any increases in profits to copyright holders. Without changing incentives to create new content, the copyright extension was economically inefficient.
DOI: 10.3886/e116436
title: Replication data for: Two-Sided Matching with (Almost) One-Sided Preferences

description: In a two-sided matching context we show how we can predict stable matchings by considering only one side's preferences and the mutually acceptable pairs of agents. Our methodology consists of identifying impossible matches, i.e., pairs of agents that can never be matched together in a stable matching of any problem consistent with the partial data. We analyze data from the French academic job market for mathematicians and show that the match of about 45 percent of positions (and about 60 percent of candidates) does not depend on the preferences of the hired candidates, unobserved and submitted at the final stage of the market.
DOI: 10.3886/e116436v1
title: Replication data for: Two-Sided Matching with (Almost) One-Sided Preferences

description: In a two-sided matching context we show how we can predict stable matchings by considering only one side's preferences and the mutually acceptable pairs of agents. Our methodology consists of identifying impossible matches, i.e., pairs of agents that can never be matched together in a stable matching of any problem consistent with the partial data. We analyze data from the French academic job market for mathematicians and show that the match of about 45 percent of positions (and about 60 percent of candidates) does not depend on the preferences of the hired candidates, unobserved and submitted at the final stage of the market.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3566750
title: Reliance on Science in Patenting

description: This dataset contains citations from the front pages of worldwide patents to articles captured by the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) from 1800-2018. <strong>If you use the data, please cite these two papers:</strong> <strong><em>for the dataset of citations: </em>Marx, Matt and Aaron Fuegi, "Reliance on Science: Worldwide Front-Page Patent Citations to Scientific Articles" (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3331686). </strong> <strong><em>for the underlying dataset of papers</em> Sinha, Arnab, Zhihong Shen, Yang Song, Hao Ma, Darrin Eide, Bo-June (Paul) Hsu, and Kuansan Wang. 2015. An Overview of Microsoft Academic Service (MAS) and Applications. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’15 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 243-246.</strong> See <strong>_datadescription.pdf</strong> for full details on the files, but in brief: _<strong>pcs.tsv</strong>, contains the resolved citations. Fields are tab-separated. Each match has the patent number, MAG ID, an indicator for whether the citation was supplied by the applicant, examiner, or unknown, and a confidence score (3-10). Non-USPTO patents start with a 2-letter country abbreviation followed by a hyphen. <strong>_pcs-pubmed.tsv</strong>, is a PubMed-specific match currently limited to USPTO patents. <strong>_pcs_bodytextbeta.tsv</strong> is a <em>preliminary</em> release also containing citations from the body text of USPTO patents since 1836. This file adds a field indicating whether the citation appeared on the front page, in the body text, or in both. The remaining files redistribute the 1/1/2019 release of the Microsoft Academic Graph, carving up the original files into smaller, variable-specific files. MAG extracts field keywords for each paper (paperfieldid.zip and fieldidname.zip) --more than 200,000 fields in all! When looking to study industries or technical areas you might find this a bit overwhelming. We mapped the MAG subjects to six OECD fields and 39 subfields, defined here: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf. Clarivate provides a crosswalk between the OECD classifications and Web of Science fields, so we include WoS fields as well. This file is <strong>magfield_oecd_wos_crosswalk.zip</strong>. Source code is available at https://github.com/mattmarx/reliance_on_science.
description: {"references": ["Marx, Matt and Aaron Fuegi, \"Reliance on Science in Patenting: USPTO Front-Page Citations to Scientific Articles\" (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3331686)", "Sinha, Arnab, Zhihong Shen, Yang Song, Hao Ma, Darrin Eide, Bo-June (Paul) Hsu, and Kuansan Wang. 2015. An Overview of Microsoft Academic Service (MAS) and Applications. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW '15 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 243-246"]}
DOI: 10.14469/hpc/6447
title: Signing up for an ORCID (Open Researcher and Collaborator Identifier)
DOI: 10.17632/rg2f35w5sk.8
title: Data for: Weather index-based insurance as a meteorological risk management alternative in viticulture

description: These files contain the commands used for the design and valuation of the insurance progammes suggested in this article as well as an analysis of their hedging effectiveness.
DOI: 10.3886/e116437
title: Replication data for: Relative Price Dispersion: Evidence and Theory

description: Relative price dispersion refers to persistent differences in the price that different retailers set for one particular good relative to the price they set for other goods. Relative price dispersion accounts for 30 percent of the overall variance of prices at which the same good is sold during the same week and in the same market. Relative price dispersion can be rationalized as the consequence of a pricing strategy used by sellers to discriminate between high-valuation buyers who need to make all of their purchases in one store, and low-valuation buyers who are able to purchase different items in different stores.
DOI: 10.3886/e116437v1
title: Replication data for: Relative Price Dispersion: Evidence and Theory

description: Relative price dispersion refers to persistent differences in the price that different retailers set for one particular good relative to the price they set for other goods. Relative price dispersion accounts for 30 percent of the overall variance of prices at which the same good is sold during the same week and in the same market. Relative price dispersion can be rationalized as the consequence of a pricing strategy used by sellers to discriminate between high-valuation buyers who need to make all of their purchases in one store, and low-valuation buyers who are able to purchase different items in different stores.
DOI: 10.3886/e116438
title: Replication data for: Newspapers in Times of Low Advertising Revenues

description: We model the consequences on newspapers' content and prices of a reduction in advertising revenues. Newspapers choose the size of their newsroom, and readers are heterogeneous in their ideal amount of journalistic-intensive content. We show that a reduction in advertising revenues lowers newspapers' incentives to produce journalistic-intensive content. We also build a unique dataset on French newspapers between 1960 and 1974 and perform a difference-in-differences analysis exploiting the introduction of advertising on television, which affected national newspapers more severely than local ones. We find robust evidence of a decrease in the amount of journalistic-intensive content produced and the subscription price.
DOI: 10.3886/e116438v1
title: Replication data for: Newspapers in Times of Low Advertising Revenues

description: We model the consequences on newspapers' content and prices of a reduction in advertising revenues. Newspapers choose the size of their newsroom, and readers are heterogeneous in their ideal amount of journalistic-intensive content. We show that a reduction in advertising revenues lowers newspapers' incentives to produce journalistic-intensive content. We also build a unique dataset on French newspapers between 1960 and 1974 and perform a difference-in-differences analysis exploiting the introduction of advertising on television, which affected national newspapers more severely than local ones. We find robust evidence of a decrease in the amount of journalistic-intensive content produced and the subscription price.
DOI: 10.3886/e116439
title: Replication data for: Running on Empty? Financial Leverage and Product Quality in the Supermarket Industry

description: This paper examines whether debt financing can undermine a supermarket firm's incentive to provide product quality. In the supermarket industry, product availability is an important measure of a retailer's quality. Using US consumer price index microdata to track inventory shortfalls, I find that taking on high financial leverage increases shortfalls. Highly leveraged firms appear to be degrading their products' quality in order to preserve current cash flow for debt service. Although reducing quality can erode both current sales and customer loyalty, firms appear to be willing to risk these outcomes in order to achieve benefits associated with debt finance. (JEL D92, G31, G32, L15, L81)
DOI: 10.3886/e116439v1
title: Replication data for: Running on Empty? Financial Leverage and Product Quality in the Supermarket Industry

description: This paper examines whether debt financing can undermine a supermarket firm's incentive to provide product quality. In the supermarket industry, product availability is an important measure of a retailer's quality. Using US consumer price index microdata to track inventory shortfalls, I find that taking on high financial leverage increases shortfalls. Highly leveraged firms appear to be degrading their products' quality in order to preserve current cash flow for debt service. Although reducing quality can erode both current sales and customer loyalty, firms appear to be willing to risk these outcomes in order to achieve benefits associated with debt finance. (JEL D92, G31, G32, L15, L81)
DOI: 10.3886/e116440
title: Replication data for: Strategic Entry Deterrence and the Behavior of Pharmaceutical Incumbents Prior to Patent Expiration

description: This paper develops a new approach to testing for strategic entry deterrence and applies it to the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents before patent expiration. It examines a cross section of markets, determining whether behavior is nonmonotonic in market size. Under some conditions, investment levels will be monotone in market size if firms do not invest to deter entry. Strategic investments to deter entry, however, may result in nonmonotonic investment because they are unnecessary in small markets, and impossible in large ones. Consistent with an entry-deterrence motivation is the finding that incumbents in medium-sized markets advertise less prior to patent expiration. (JEL D92, G31, L11, L21, L65)
DOI: 10.3886/e116440v1
title: Replication data for: Strategic Entry Deterrence and the Behavior of Pharmaceutical Incumbents Prior to Patent Expiration

description: This paper develops a new approach to testing for strategic entry deterrence and applies it to the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents before patent expiration. It examines a cross section of markets, determining whether behavior is nonmonotonic in market size. Under some conditions, investment levels will be monotone in market size if firms do not invest to deter entry. Strategic investments to deter entry, however, may result in nonmonotonic investment because they are unnecessary in small markets, and impossible in large ones. Consistent with an entry-deterrence motivation is the finding that incumbents in medium-sized markets advertise less prior to patent expiration. (JEL D92, G31, L11, L21, L65)
DOI: 10.3886/e116441
title: Replication data for: Incentive Schemes, Sorting, and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence

description: We investigate how the convexity of a firm's incentives interacts with worker overconfidence to affect sorting decisions and performance. We demonstrate, experimentally, that overconfident employees are more likely to sort into a nonlinear incentive scheme over a linear one, even though this reduces pay for many subjects and despite the presence of clear feedback. Additionally, the linear scheme attracts demotivated, underconfident workers who perform below their ability. Our findings suggest that firms may design incentive schemes that adapt to the behavioral biases of employees to "sort in" ("sort away") attractive (unattractive) employees; such schemes may also reduce a firm's wage bill. (JEL D03, D83, J24, J31, M12)
DOI: 10.3886/e116441v1
title: Replication data for: Incentive Schemes, Sorting, and Behavioral Biases of Employees: Experimental Evidence

description: We investigate how the convexity of a firm's incentives interacts with worker overconfidence to affect sorting decisions and performance. We demonstrate, experimentally, that overconfident employees are more likely to sort into a nonlinear incentive scheme over a linear one, even though this reduces pay for many subjects and despite the presence of clear feedback. Additionally, the linear scheme attracts demotivated, underconfident workers who perform below their ability. Our findings suggest that firms may design incentive schemes that adapt to the behavioral biases of employees to "sort in" ("sort away") attractive (unattractive) employees; such schemes may also reduce a firm's wage bill. (JEL D03, D83, J24, J31, M12)
DOI: 10.3886/e116442
title: Replication data for: Competition and the Use of Foggy Pricing

description: Firms engage in foggy pricing when the menu of tariff options aims at profiting from consumer mistakes. The analysis of this paper concludes that the transition from monopoly to competition in the early US cellular telephone industry does not generally foster the use of such deceptive strategies. I offer three alternative measures to account for the fogginess of the menu of options offered by cellular carriers. All results are robust to the existence of uncertainty regarding future consumption at the time of choosing a particular tariff option, as well as to consumers' heterogeneity with respect to cellular telephone usage. (JEL D03, L11, L12, L13, L96)
DOI: 10.3886/e116442v1
title: Replication data for: Competition and the Use of Foggy Pricing

description: Firms engage in foggy pricing when the menu of tariff options aims at profiting from consumer mistakes. The analysis of this paper concludes that the transition from monopoly to competition in the early US cellular telephone industry does not generally foster the use of such deceptive strategies. I offer three alternative measures to account for the fogginess of the menu of options offered by cellular carriers. All results are robust to the existence of uncertainty regarding future consumption at the time of choosing a particular tariff option, as well as to consumers' heterogeneity with respect to cellular telephone usage. (JEL D03, L11, L12, L13, L96)
DOI: 10.3886/e116443
title: Replication data for: Demand Estimation under Incomplete Product Availability

description: Incomplete product availability is an important feature of many markets, and ignoring changes in availability may bias demand estimates. We study a new dataset from a wireless inventory system on vending machines to track product availability every four hours. The data allow us to account for product availability when estimating demand, and provide valuable variation for identifying substitution patterns when products stock out. We develop a procedure that allows for changes in product availability when availability is only observed periodically. We find significant differences in demand estimates: the corrected model predicts significantly larger impacts of stock-out events on profitability.
DOI: 10.3886/e116443v1
title: Replication data for: Demand Estimation under Incomplete Product Availability

description: Incomplete product availability is an important feature of many markets, and ignoring changes in availability may bias demand estimates. We study a new dataset from a wireless inventory system on vending machines to track product availability every four hours. The data allow us to account for product availability when estimating demand, and provide valuable variation for identifying substitution patterns when products stock out. We develop a procedure that allows for changes in product availability when availability is only observed periodically. We find significant differences in demand estimates: the corrected model predicts significantly larger impacts of stock-out events on profitability.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3566770
title: Reliance on Science in Patenting

description: This contains citations from the front pages of worldwide patents to articles in he Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) from 1800-2018. Questions & feedback to support@relianceonscience.org<em>.</em> <strong>If you use the data, please cite these two papers:</strong> <em>for the dataset of citations: </em>Marx, Matt and Aaron Fuegi, "Reliance on Science: Worldwide Front-Page Patent Citations to Scientific Articles" (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3331686). <em>for the articles:</em> Sinha, A, et al. 2015. Overview of Microsoft Academic Service (MAS) and Applications. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’15 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 243-246. The files below are described in <strong>_datadescription.pdf</strong> but here is a brief summary: _<strong>pcs.tsv</strong>, contains the patent citations to science. Fields are tab-separated. Each citation to science has the patent number, MAG ID, applicant/examiner indicator, and a confidence score (1-10). <strong>_pcs_pubmed.tsv</strong>, is a PubMed-specific match currently limited to USPTO patents. <strong>_pcs_bodytextbeta.tsv</strong> is a <em>preliminary</em> release also containing citations from the body text of USPTO patents since 1836. This adds a field indicating whether the citation appeared on the front page, in the body text, or in both. The remaining files redistribute the 1/1/2019 release of the Microsoft Academic Graph, carving up the original files into smaller, variable-specific files. There are also some extensions including journal impact factor and high-level technical classifications. Source code is available at https://github.com/mattmarx/reliance_on_science.
description: {"references": ["Marx, Matt and Aaron Fuegi, \"Reliance on Science in Patenting: USPTO Front-Page Citations to Scientific Articles\" (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3331686)", "Sinha, Arnab, Zhihong Shen, Yang Song, Hao Ma, Darrin Eide, Bo-June (Paul) Hsu, and Kuansan Wang. 2015. An Overview of Microsoft Academic Service (MAS) and Applications. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW '15 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 243-246"]}
DOI: 10.3886/e116444
title: Replication data for: Salary Delays and Overdrafts in Rural Ghana

description: Checking overdrafts are an expensive yet common way for bank account holders to obtain short-term credit when faced with unexpected shocks. In developing countries, one common shock that many salaried workers face is late or erratic payment from their employer. We use administrative data from a rural bank in Ghana to show that receiving a late salary payment increases the likelihood of taking an overdraft by 10 percent. Past overdrafts are also associated with future overdrafts, suggesting that late payment exacerbates the risk of trapping workers in a costly debt cycle.
DOI: 10.3886/e116444v1
title: Replication data for: Salary Delays and Overdrafts in Rural Ghana

description: Checking overdrafts are an expensive yet common way for bank account holders to obtain short-term credit when faced with unexpected shocks. In developing countries, one common shock that many salaried workers face is late or erratic payment from their employer. We use administrative data from a rural bank in Ghana to show that receiving a late salary payment increases the likelihood of taking an overdraft by 10 percent. Past overdrafts are also associated with future overdrafts, suggesting that late payment exacerbates the risk of trapping workers in a costly debt cycle.
DOI: 10.3886/e116445
title: Replication data for: Can Information Change Personal Retirement Savings? Evidence from Social Security Benefits Statement Mailings

description: Despite concern about the viability of public retirement programs and potential undersaving for retirement, we still know little about the impact of government provided information on individual behavior. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in exposure to the world's largest personalized retirement benefits statement from the US Social Security Administration to evaluate the effects of information and encouragement on individual retirement savings decisions. Using three natural experiments between 2011 and 2014 and administrative data, we find no impact of the statements on individual retirement savings in their employer provided retirement accounts.