DOI: 10.25338/b8033n
title: Supporting data for: The setup and relaxation of spring upwelling in a deep, rotationally influenced lake

description: Supporting data for the manuscript "The setup and relaxation of
 spring upwelling in a deep, rotationally influenced lake" accepted
 for publication in Limnology and Oceanography in
 November 2020. The data herein were collected at Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, USA in
 May-June, 2018 as part of a collaboration between the UC Davis Tahoe
 Environmental Research Center, the UC Davis Bodega Marine Lab, and the
 Stanford Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. The goal of this data
 collection effort was to characterize the dynamics associated with spring
 upwelling at the upwind shore (west/southwest) of Lake Tahoe. Supporting
 Data Files: Roberts_et_al_2020_DeploymentMap.png - deployment map,
 reference to UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx  
 UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx - log of mooring locations, deployment times,
 and instrumentation/instrument setup. Note that not all instrumentation
 shown in this log is included in the shared data. Datasets collected
 during the experiment but not used in the manuscript are not shared in
 this repository.    UPWELL_Thermistor_MetersBelowP.xlsx
 - reference file of the spacing of thermistors from the associated
 pressure sensor.  General Data: Sensor data are included as
 compressed .7z sets of folders. Data are organized into sub-folders to
 delineate processing levels (raw data and data at each procesing level are
 included). Since Dryad does not allow for folder structures, the folder
 sets were compressed for posting. Archived .7z files can be decompressed
 using software openly available at 7-zip.org.  ADCP.7z - folders
 of acoustic doppler current meter data. See README_ADCP.txt within the
 folder structure for details on processing at each level.
 See UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx for additional detail. 
 Pressure.7z - folders of pressure sensor data. See README_P.txt within the
 folder structure for details on processing at each level.
 See UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx for additional detail.
 Temperature.7z - folders of temperature sensor data. See README_T.txt
 within the folder structure for details on processing at each level.
 See UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx for additional detail. Note: Data
 at higher processing levels are generally provided as .mat files; more
 broadly accessible .txt or .csv data are provided at lower processing
 levels. However, ADCP data are provided only as raw and .mat files because
 of the more complex and multi-dimensional structuring of the data. Please
 contact the corresponding author for data in non-.mat output if needed.
 Manuscript Abstract: Strong and sustained winds can drive dramatic
 hydrodynamic responses in density-stratified lakes, with the associated
 transport and mixing impacting water quality, ecosystem function, and the
 stratification itself. Analytical expressions offer insight into the
 dynamics of stratified lakes during severe wind events. However, it can be
 difficult to predict the aggregate response of a natural system to the
 superposition of hydrodynamic phenomena in the presence of complex
 bathymetry and when forced by variable wind patterns. Using an array of
 current, temperature, and water quality measurements at the upwind shore,
 we detail the hydrodynamic response of deep, rotationally influenced Lake
 Tahoe to three strong wind events during late spring. Sustained
 southwesterly winds in excess of 10 m/s drove upwelling at the upwind
 shore (characteristic of non-rotational upwelling setup), with upward
 excursions of deep water exceeding 70 m for the strongest event.
 Hypolimnetic water, with elevated concentrations of chlorophyll-a and
 nitrate, was advected toward the nearshore, but this water rapidly
 returned to depth with the relaxation of upwelling after the winds
 subsided. The relaxation of upwelling exhibited rotational influence,
 highlighted by an along-shore, cyclonic front characteristic of a Kelvin
 wave-driven coastal jet, with velocities exceeding 25 cm/s. The rotational
 front also produced downwelling to 100 m, transporting dissolved oxygen to
 depth. More complex internal wave features followed the passage of these
 powerful internal waves. Results emphasize the complexity of these
 superimposed hydrodynamic phenomena in natural systems, providing a
 conceptual reference for the role upwelling events may play in lake
 ecosystems.Strong and sustained winds can drive dramatic hydrodynamic
 responses in density-stratified lakes, with the associated transport and
 mixing impacting water quality, ecosystem function, and the stratification
 itself. Analytical expressions offer insight into the dynamics of
 stratified lakes during severe wind events. However, it can be difficult
 to predict the aggregate response of a natural system to the superposition
 of hydrodynamic phenomena in the presence of complex bathymetry and when
 forced by variable wind patterns. Using an array of current, temperature,
 and water quality measurements at the upwind shore, we detail the
 hydrodynamic response of deep, rotationally influenced Lake Tahoe to three
 strong wind events during late spring. Sustained southwesterly winds in
 excess of 10 m/s drove upwelling at the upwind shore (characteristic of
 non-rotational upwelling setup), with upward excursions of deep water
 exceeding 70 m for the strongest event. Hypolimnetic water, with elevated
 concentrations of chlorophyll-a and nitrate, was advected toward the
 nearshore, but this water rapidly returned to depth with the relaxation of
 upwelling after the winds subsided. The relaxation of upwelling exhibited
 rotational influence, highlighted by an along-shore, cyclonic front
 characteristic of a Kelvin wave-driven coastal jet, with velocities
 exceeding 25 cm/s. The rotational front also produced downwelling to 100
 m, transporting dissolved oxygen to depth. More complex internal wave
 features followed the passage of these powerful internal waves. Results
 emphasize the complexity of these superimposed hydrodynamic phenomena in
 natural systems, providing a conceptual reference for the role upwelling
 events may play in lake ecosystems.
description: These data are the result of a six-week mooring deployment in
 Lake Tahoe in May-June 2020. Mooring deployments included thermistor
 chains, acoustic doppler current profilers, acoustic Doppler velocimeters,
 dissolved oxygen probes, and pressure sensors, among other
 equipment. An overview of the deployment, including
 maps and profile views is included in the manuscript "The setup and
 relaxation of spring upwelling in a deep, rotationally influenced
 lake," <em>Limnology &
 Oceanography </em>(doi: 10.1002/lno.11673). See README files
 included in the dataset for instrument configuration and data processing
 details. 
description: See README files included in the dataset. 
 README.txt - general meta data file. 
 README_ADCP.txt - detailed metadata on deployment of acoustic
 Doppler current profiles and processing of associated data. 
 README_P.txt - detailed metadata on deployment of pressure
 sensors and processing of associated data. 
 README_T.txt - detailed metadata on deployment of temperature
 sensors and processing of associated data.