DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tb50m
title: Data from: Diversification across the New World within the ‘blue’ cardinalids (Aves: Cardinalidae)

description: Aim: To examine the history of diversification of ‘blue’ cardinalids
 (Cardinalidae) across North and South America. Location: North America
 (including Middle America) and South America. Methods: We collected 163
 individuals of the 14 species of blue cardinalids and generated multilocus
 sequence data (3193 base pairs from one mitochondrial and three nuclear
 genes) to infer phylogeographical structure and reconstruct
 time-calibrated species trees. We then estimated the ancestral range at
 each divergence event and tested for temporal shifts in diversification
 rate. Results: Twenty-five lineages of blue cardinalids clustered into two
 major clades: one confined to North America, and a second concentrated in
 South America. Blue cardinalids probably originated in North America, but
 reconstructions were influenced by how migrant taxa were assigned to
 biogeographical regions. Most of the pre-Pleistocene divergences between
 extant taxa occurred in the North American clade, whereas most divergences
 in South America and adjacent Middle America occurred during the
 Pleistocene. Despite these differences, the rate of diversification for
 both clades has been similar and relatively constant over the past 10
 million years, with little geographical exchange between North and South
 America outside the Panamanian isthmus region. Main conclusions: Our
 reconstruction of the diversification history of blue cardinalids
 indicates a role of both Neogene and Quaternary events in generating
 biotic diversity across North and South America. Although ancestral area
 reconstruction suggests a possible North American origin for blue
 cardinalids, the occurrence of seasonal migration in this group and their
 relatives limits inference. Our study highlights the importance of
 considering ecological and behavioural characteristics together with
 palaeogeological events in order to gain an understanding of the
 diversification history of widespread, mobile taxonomic groups.
description: blue cardinalid full
 mtDNA data setNexus file with aligned
 ND2 sequences generated from 166 samples. See ReadMe file to match sample
 names with species and voucher specimens.CyanoND2_ALL.txtblue cardinalid phased MYC data set used in *BEAST analysesNexus file with final alignment of phased MYC sequences used in *BEAST analyses. See ReadMe file to match sample names with species and voucher specimens.CyanoMYC.nexblue cardinalid phased FGBI5 data set used in *BEAST analysesNexus file with final alignment of phased FGBI5 sequences used in *BEAST analyses. See ReadMe file to match sample names with species and voucher specimens.CyanoFGBI5.nexblue cardinalid phased ACO1 data set used in *BEAST analysesNexus file with final alignment of phased ACO1 sequences used in *BEAST analyses. See ReadMe file to match sample names with species and voucher specimens.CyanoACO1.txtblue cardinalid ND2 data set used in *BEAST analysesNexus file with subset of ND2 sequences used in *BEAST analyses. See ReadMe file to match sample names with species and voucher specimens.CyanoND2.txt