DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.45498
title: Data And Metadata Dealing With Prokaryote And Viral Abundances From A Variety Of Ecosystems

description: Data from 210 articles and five unpublished studies were used for the meta-analysis. Articles were gathered using on-line databases (ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Springer Link, PubMed and Google), using the keywords "virus-to-prokaryote ratio", "virus-to-bacterium ratio", "VPR", "VBR" and "viral abundance". Interesting reports were also found within the references of publications dealing with viral ecology. Publications were chosen according to the data they contained with a priority on articles containing VPR values (184 out of the 210 publications and four out of five unpublished studies) and viral abundance data. Articles lacking information on VPR and viral numbers were discarded (e.g. reports with only prokaryotic abundance, but lacking data on viral numbers, etc.), as the focus was on the ratio between viruses and prokaryotes. When data of interest were not available in the analysed reports, authors were contacted for more detail. When VPR values were not cited as such given within a publication, they were calculated according to the given viral and prokaryotic abundances provided therein. The file corresponding to our database was created by KJ Parikka. The doi was obtained by S Jacquet with INRA services.
description: {"references": ["ALMEIDA, M. A., CUNHA, M. A. & ALCANTARA, F. (2001). Loss of Estuarine Bacteria by Viral Infection and Predation in Microcosm Conditions. Microbial Ecology 42, 562-571.", "ALONSO, M. C., JIMENEZ-GOMEZ, F., RODRIGUEZ, J. & BORREGO, J. J. (2001). Distribution of virus-like Particles in an Oligotrophic Marine Environment (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean). Microbial Ecology 42, 407-415.", "ANESIO, A. M., MINDL, B., LAYBOURN-PARRY, J., HODSON, A. J. & SATTLER, B. (2007). Viral dynamics in cryoconite holes on a high Arctic glacier (Svalbard). Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 112, G04S31.", "ASHELFORD, K. E., DAY, M. J. & FRY, J. C. (2003). Elevated abundance of bacteriophage infecting bacteria in soil. Applied Environmental Microbiology 69, 285-289.", "AUGUET, J. C., MONTANI\u00c9, H. & LEBARON, P. (2006). Structure of Virioplankton in the Charente Estuary (France): Transmission Electron Microscopy versus Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. Microbial Ecology 51, 197-208.", "BAKER, P. W. & LEFF, L. G. (2004). Seasonal patterns of abundance of viruses and bacteria in a northeast Ohio (USA) stream. Archiv f\u00fcr Hydrobiologie 161, 225-233.", "BARROS, N., FARJALLA, V. F., SOARES, M. C., MELO, R. C. N. & ROLAND, F. (2010). Virus-Bacterium Coupling Driven by both Turbidity and Hydrodynamics in an Amazonian Floodplain Lake. Applied Environmental Microbiology 76, 7194-7201.", "BERGH, O., BORSHEIM, K. Y., BRATBAK, G. & HELDAL, M. (1989). High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. Nature 340, 467-468.", "BETTAREL, Y., BOUVIER, T., AGIS, M., BOUVIER, C., CHU, T. V., COMBE, M., MARI, X., NGHIEM, M. N., NGUYEN, T. T., PHAM, T. T., PRINGAULT, O., ROCHELLE-NEWALL, E., TORRETON, J. P. & TRAN, H. Q. (2011a). Viral distribution and life strategies in the Bach Dang Estuary, Vietnam. Microbial Ecology 62, 143-154.", "BETTAREL, Y., BOUVIER, T., BOUVIER, C., CARRE, C., DESNUES, A., DOMAIZON, I., JACQUET, S., ROBIN, A. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2011b). Ecological traits of planktonic viruses and prokaryotes along a full-salinity gradient. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 76, 360-372.", "BETTAREL, Y., BOUVY, M., DUMONT, C. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2006). Virus-bacterium interactions in water and sediment of West African inland aquatic systems. Applied Environmental Microbiology 72, 5274-5282.", "BETTAREL, Y., SIME-NGANDO, T., AMBLARD, C., CARRIAS, J.-F. & PORTELLI, C. (2003). Virioplankton and microbial communities in aquatic systems: a seasonal study in two lakes of differing trophy. Freshwater Biology 48, 810-822.", "BIRD, D. F., JUNIPER, S. K., RICCIARDI-RIGAULT, M., MARTINEU, P., PRAIRIE, Y. T. & CALVERT, S. E. (2001). Subsurface viruses and bacteria in Holocene/Late Pleistocene sediments of Saanich Inlet, BC: ODP Holes 1033B and 1034B, Leg 169S. Marine Geology 174, 227-239.", "BIRD, D. F. & MARANGER, R. (1993). Palmer LTER: Aquatic virus abundances near the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic journal of the United States/National Science Foundation 28, 234-235.", "BOEHME, J., FRISCHER, M. E., JIANG, S. C., KELLOGG, C. A., PICHARD, S., ROSE, J. B., STEINWAY, C. & PAUL, J. H. (1993). Viruses, bacterioplankton, and phytoplankton in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: distribution and contribution to oceanic DNA pools. Marine Ecology Progress Series 97, 1-10.", "BONGIORNI, L., ARMENI, M., CORINALDESI, C., DELL'ANNO, A., PUSCEDDU, A. & DANOVARO, R. (2007). Viruses, prokaryotes and biochemical composition of organic matter in different types of mucilage aggregates. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 49, 15-23.", "BONGIORNI, L., MAGAGNINI, M., ARMENI, M., NOBLE, R. & DANOVARO, R. (2005). Viral production, decay rates, and life strategies along a trophic gradient in the North Adriatic Sea. Applied Environmental Microbiology 71, 6644-6650.", "BORAS, J. A., SALA, M. M., ARRIETA, J. M., S\u00c0, E. L., FELIPE, J., AGUST\u00cd, S., DUARTE, C. M. & VAQU\u00c9, D. (2010). Effect of ice melting on bacterial carbon fluxes channelled by viruses and protists in the Arctic Ocean. Polar Biology 33, 1695-1707.", "BORREL, G., COLOMBET, J., ROBIN, A., LEHOURS, A. C., PRANGISHVILI, D. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2012). Unexpected and novel putative viruses in the sediments of a deep-dark permanently anoxic freshwater habitat. The ISME Journal 6, 2119-2127.", "BRATBAK, G., HELDAL, M., NORLAND, S. & THINGSTAD, T. F. (1990). Viruses as partners in spring bloom microbial trophodynamics. Applied Environmental Microbiology 56, 1400-1405.", "BREITBART, M., WEGLEY, L., LEEDS, S., SCHOENFELD, T. & ROHWER, F. (2004). Phage community dynamics in hot springs. Applied Environmental Microbiology 70, 1633-1640.", "BRUM, J. R., STEWARD, G. F., JIANG, S. C. & JELLISON, R. (2005). Spatial and temporal variability of prokaryotes, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 41, 247-260.", "CARREIRA, C., LARSEN, M., GLUD, R. N., BRUSSAARD, C. P. D. & MIDDELBOE, M. (2013). Heterogeneous distribution of prokaryotes and viruses at the microscale in a tidal sediment. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 69, 183-192.", "CASSMAN, N., PRIETO-DAVO, A., WALSH, K., SILVA, G. G., ANGLY, F., AKHTER, S., BAROTT, K., BUSCH, J., MCDOLE, T., HAGGERTY, J. M., WILLNER, D., ALARCON, G., ULLOA, O., DELONG, E. F., DUTILH, B. E., ROHWER, F. & DINSDALE, E. A. (2012). Oxygen minimum zones harbour novel viral communities with low diversity. Environmental Microbiology 14, 3043-3065.", "CHIANG, O. E. & QUI\u00d1ONES, R. A. (2007). Relationship between viral and prokaryotic abundance on the Bajo O'Higgins 1 Seamount (Humboldt Current System off Chile). Scientia Marina 71, 153-174.", "CHIURA, H. X. (2002). Broad host range xenotrophic gene transfert by virus-like particles from a hot spring Microbes and Environments 17, 53-58.", "CHOI, D. H., HWANG, C. Y. & CHO, B. C. (2003). Comparison of virus- and bacterivory-induced bacterial mortality in the eutrophic Masan Bay, Korea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 30, 117-125.", "CHOI, S., JELIAZKOV, I. & JIANG, S. C. (2009). Lysogens and free viruses in fresh, brackish, and marine waters: a Bayesian analysis. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 69, 243-254.", "CISSOKO, M., DESNUES, A., BOUVY, M., SIME-NGANDO, T., VERLING, E. & BETTAREL, Y. (2008). Effects of freshwater and seawater mixing on virioand bacterioplankton in a tropical estuary. Freshwater Biology 53, 1154-1162.", "CLASEN, J. L., BRIGDEN, J. S., PAYET, J. P. & SUTTLE, C. (2008). Evidence that viral abundance across oceans and lakes is driven by different biological factors. Freshwater Biology 53, 1090-1100.", "COCHLAN, W. P., WIKNER, J., STEWARD, G. R., SMITH, D. C. & AZAM, F. (1993). Spatial distribution of viruses, bacteria and chlorophyll a in nentic, oceanic and estuarme environments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 92, 77-87.", "COCHRAN, P. K. & PAUL, J. H. (1998). Seasonal Abundance of Lysogenic Bacteria in a Subtropical Estuary. Applied Environmental Microbiology 64, 2308-2312.", "CORINALDESI, C., CREVATIN, E., DEL NEGRO, P., MARINI, M., RUSSO, A., FONDA-UMANI, S. & DANOVARO, R. (2003). Large-Scale Spatial Distribution of Virioplankton in the Adriatic Sea: Testing the Trophic State Control Hypothesis. Applied Environmental Microbiology 69, 2664-2673.", "CORINALDESI, C., DELL'ANNO, A. & DANOVARO. (2007). Viral infection plays a key role in extracellular DNA dynamics in marine anoxic systems. Limnology and Oceanography 52, 508-516.", "CORINALDESI, C., DELL'ANNO, A. & DANOVARO, R. (2012). Viral infections stimulate the metabolism and shape prokaryotic assemblages in submarine mud volcanoes. The ISME Journal 6, 1250-1259.", "CULLEY, A. I. & WELSCHMEYER, N. A. (2002). The abundance, distribution, and correlation of viruses, phytoplankton, and prokaryotes along a Pacific Ocean transect. Limnology and Oceanography 47, 1508-1513.", "DANOVARO, R., CORINALDESI, C., DELL'ANNO, A., FABIANO, M. & CORSELLI, C. (2005). Viruses, prokaryotes and DNA in the sediments of a deep-hypersaline anoxic basin (DHAB) of the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Microbiology 7, 586-592.", "DANOVARO, R., DELL'ANNO, A., TRUCCO, A., SERRESI, M. & VANUCCI, S. (2001). Determination of virus abundance in marine sediments. Applied Environmental Microbiology 67, 1384-1387.", "DANOVARO, R., MANINI, E. & DELL'ANNO, A. (2002). Higher abundance of bacteria than of viruses in deep Mediterranean sediments. Applied Environmental Microbiology 68, 1468-1472.", "DANOVARO, R. & SERRESI, M. (2000). Viral density and virus-to-bacterium ratio in deep-sea sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean. Applied Environmental Microbiology 6, 1857-1861.", "DE CORTE, D., SINTES, E., WINTER, C., YOKOKAWA, T., REINTHALER, T. & HERNDL, G. J. (2010). Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean. The ISME Journal 4, 1431-1442.", "DE CORTE, D., SINTES, E., YOKOKAWA, T. & HERNDL, G. J. (2011). Changes in viral and bacterial communities during the ice-melting season in the coastal Arctic (Kongsfjorden, Ny-\u00c5lesund). Environmental Microbiology 13, 1827-1841.", "DE CORTE, D., SINTES, E., YOKOKAWA, T., REINTHALER, T. & HERNDL, G. J. (2012). Links between viruses and prokaryotes throughout the water column along a North Atlantic latitudinal transect. The ISME Journal 6, 1566-1577.", "DEBRUYN, J. M., LEIGH-BELL, J. A., MCKAY, R. M. L., BOURBONNIERE, R. A. & WILHELM, S. W. (2004). Microbial Distributions and the Impact of Phosphorus on Bacterial Activity in Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research 30, 166-183.", "DORIGO, U., JACQUET, S. & HUMBERT, J.-F. (2004). Cyanophage Diversity, Inferred from g20 Gene Analyses, in the Largest Natural Lake in France, Lake Bourget. Applied Environmental Microbiology 70, 1017-1022.", "DRAKE, L. A., CHOI, K.-H., HASTELL, A. G. E. & DOBBS, F. C. (1998). Vertical profiles of virus-like particles and bacteria in the water column and sediments of Chesapeake Bay, USA. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 16, 17-25.", "DUHAMEL, S., DOMAIZON-PIALAT, I., PERSONNIC, S. & JACQUET, S. (2006). Assessing the microbial community dynamics and the role of bacteriophages in bacterial mortality in Lake Geneva. Revue des sciences de l'eau / Journal of Water Science 19, 115-126.", "DUHAMEL, S. & JACQUET, S. (2006). Flow cytometric analysis of bacteria- and virus-like particles in lake sediments. Journal Microbiological Methods 64, 316-332.", "ENGELHARDT, T., SAHLBERG, M., CYPIONKA, H. & ENGELEN, B. (2011). Induction of prophages from deep-subseafloor bacteria. Environmental Microbiology Reports 3, 459-465.", "FARNELL-JACKSON, E. A. & WARD, A. K. (2003). Seasonal patterns of viruses, bacteria and dissolved organic carbon in a riverine wetland. Freshwater Biology 48, 841-851.", "FILIPPINI, M., BUESING, N., BETTAREL, Y., SIME-NGANDO, T. & GESSNER, M. O. (2006). Infection paradox: high abundance but low impact of freshwater benthic viruses. Applied Environmental Microbiology 72, 4893-4898.", "FILIPPINI, M., BUESING, N. & GESSNER, M. O. (2008). Temporal dynamics of freshwater bacterio- and virioplankton along a littoral\u2013pelagic gradient. Freshwater Biology 53, 1114-1125.", "FILIPPINI, M. & MIDDELBOE, M. (2007). Viral abundance and genome size distribution in the sediment and water column of marine and freshwater ecosystems. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 60, 397-410.", "FISCHER, U. R., KIRSCHNER, A. K. T. & VELIMIROV, B. (2005). Optimization of extraction and estimation of viruses in silty freshwater sediments. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 40, 207-216.", "FISCHER, U. R. & VELIMIROV, B. (2002). High control of bacterial production by viruses in a eutrophic oxbow lake. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 27, 1-12.", "FISCHER, U. R., WIELTSCHNIG, C., KIRSCHNER, A. K. T. & VELIMIROV, B. (2003). Does Virus-Induced Lysis Contribute Significantly to Bacterial Mortality in the Oxygenated Sediment Layer of Shallow Oxbow Lakes? Applied Environmental Microbiology 69, 5281-5289.", "FONDA-UMANI, S., MALISANA, E., FOCARACCI, F., MAGAGNINI, M., CORINALDESI, C. & DANOVARO, R. (2010). Disentangling the effect of viruses and nanoflagellates on prokaryotes in bathypelagic waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 418, 73-85.", "GLUD, R. N. & MIDDELBOE, M. (2004). Virus and Bacteria Dynamics of a Coastal Sediment: Implication for Benthic Carbon Cycling. Limnology and Oceanography 49, 2073-2081.", "GODDARD, V. J., BAKER, A. C., DAVY, J. E., ADAMS, D. G., DE VILLE, M. M., THACKERAY, S. J., MABERLY, S. C. & WILSON, W. H. (2005). Temporal distribution of viruses, bacteria and phytoplankton throughout the water column in a freshwater hypereutrophic lake. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 39, 2011-223.", "GOUV\u00caA, S. P., MELENDEZ, C., CARBERRY, M. J., BULLERJAHN, G. S., WILHELM, S. W., LANGEN, T. A. & TWISS, M. R. (2006). Assessment of Phosphorus-microbe Interactions in Lake Ontario by Multiple Techniques. Journal of Great Lakes Research 32, 455-470.", "GOWING, M. M., GARRISON, D. L., ANGELA H. GIBSON, J. M. K., JEFFRIES, M. O. & FRITSEN, C. H. (2004). Bacterial and viral abundance in Ross Sea summer pack ice communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 279, 3-12.", "GUIXA-BOIXAREU, N., CALDER\u00d3N-PAZ, J. I., HELDAL, M., BRATBAK, G. & PEDR\u00d3S-ALI\u00d3, C. (1996). Viral lysis and bacterivory as prokaryotic loss factors along a salinity gradient. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 11, 215-227.", "GUIXA-BOIXEREU, N., VAQU\u00c9, D., GASOL, J. M. & PEDR\u00d3S-ALI\u00d3, C. (1999). Distribution of viruses and their potential effect on bacterioplankton in an oligotrophic marine system. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 19, 205-213.", "GUIXA-BOIXEREU, N., VAQU\u00c9, D., GASOL, J. M., S\u00c1NCHEZ-C\u00c1MARA, J. & PEDR\u00d3S-ALI\u00d3, C. (2002). Viral distribution and activity in Antarctic waters. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, 827-845.", "HARA, S. K., KOIKE, K., TERAUCHI, H., KAMIYA, H. & TANOUE, E. (1996). Abundance of viruses in deep oceanic waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 145, 269-277.", "HARA, S., TERAUCHI, K. & KOIKE, I. (1991). Abundance of viruses in marine waters: assessment by epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Applied Environmental Microbiology 57, 2731-2734.", "HE, L., YIN, K., YUAN, X., LI, D., ZHANG, D. & HARRISON, P. J. (2009). Spatial distribution of viruses, bacteria and chlorophyll in the northern South China Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 54, 153-162.", "HELDAL, M. & BRATBAK, G. (1991). Production and decay of viruses in aquatic environments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 72, 205-212.", "HELTON, R. R., LIU, L. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2006). Assessment of Factors Influencing Direct Enumeration of Viruses within Estuarine Sediments. Applied Environmental Microbiology 72, 4767-4774.", "HELTON, R. R., WANG, K., KAN, J., POWELL, D. H. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2012). Interannual dynamics of viriobenthos abundance and morphological diversity in Chesapeake Bay sediments. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 79, 474-486.", "HENNES, K. P. & SIMON, M. (1995). Significance of bacteriophages for controlling bacterioplankton growth in a mesotrophic lake. Applied Environmental Microbiology 61, 333-340.", "HENNES, K. P. & SUTTLE, C. A. (1995). Direct counts of viruses in natural waters and laboratory cultures using epifluorescence microscopy. Limnology and Oceanography 40, 1050-1055.", "HEWSON, I. & FUHRMAN, J. A. (2003). Viriobenthos production and virioplankton sorptive scavenging by suspended sediment particles in coastal and pelagic waters. Microbial Ecology 46, 337-347.", "HEWSON, I., O'NEIL, J. M., FUHRMAN, J. A. & DENNISON, W. C. (2001). Virus-like particle distribution and abundance in sediments and overlying waters along eutrophication gradients in two subtropical estuaries. Limnology and Oceanography 46, 1734\u20131746.", "HOFER, J. S. & SOMMARUGA, R. (2001). Seasonal dynamics of viruses in an alpine lake: importance of filamentous forms. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 26, 1-11.", "HWANG, C. Y. & CHO, B. C. (2002). Virus-infected bacteria in oligotrophic open waters of the East Sea, Korea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 30, 1-9.", "JACQUET, S., DOMAIZON, I., PERSONNIC, S., SRIRAM, A., RAM, P., HELDAL, M., DUHAMEL, S. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2005). Estimates of protozoan- and viral-mediated mortality of bacterioplankton in Lake Bourget (France). Freshwater Biology 50, 627-645.", "JIANG, S. C. & PAUL, J. H. (1994). Seasonal and diel abundance of viruses and occurrence of lysogeny/bacteriocinogeny in the marine environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 104, 163-172.", "JIANG, S. C. & PAUL, J. H. (1995). Viral contribution to dissolved DNA in the marine environment as determined by differential centrifugation and kingdom probing. Applied Environmental Microbiology 61, 317-325.", "JIANG, S., STEWARD, G., JELLISON, R., CHU, W. & CHOI, S. (2004). Abundance, Distribution, and Diversity of Viruses in Alkaline, Hypersaline Mono Lake, California. Microbial Ecology 47, 9-17.", "JIAO, N., ZHAO, Y., LUO, T. & WANG, X. (2006). Natural and anthropogenic forcing on the dynamics of virioplankton in the Yangtze river estuary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, 543-550.", "JUNIPER, S. K., BIRD, D. F., SUMMIT, M., VONG, M. P. & BAKER, E. T. (1998). Bacterial and viral abundances in hydrothermal event plumes over northern Gorda Ridge. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical in Oceanography 45, 2739-2749.", "KELLOGG, C. A. (2010). Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57, 2002-2007.", "KEPNER, R. L., WHARTON, R. A. & SUTTLE, C. A. (1998). Viruses in Antarctic lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 1754-1761.", "KERNEGGER, L., ZWEIMULLER, I. & PEDUZZI, P. (2009). Effects of suspended matter quality and virus abundance on microbial parameters: experimental evidence from a large European river. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 57, 161-173.", "KOPYLOV, A. I., KOSOLAPOV, D. B. & ZABOTKINA, E. A. (2007). Viruses in the plankton of the Rybinsk Reservoir. Mikrobiologiia 76, 879-887.", "KYLE, J. E., EYDAL, H. S., FERRIS, F. G. & PEDERSEN, K. (2008). Viruses in granitic groundwater from 69 to 450 m depth of the Aspo hard rock laboratory, Sweden. The ISME Journal 2, 571-574.", "LAYBOURN-PARRY, J., ANESIO, A. M., MADAN, N. & S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C. (2013). Virus dynamics in a large epishelf lake (Beaver Lake, Antarctica). Freshwater Biology 58, 1484-1493.", "LAYBOURN-PARRY, J., HOFER, J. S. & SOMMARUGA, R. (2001). Viruses in the plankton of freshwater and saline Antarctic lakes. Freshwater Biology 46, 1279-1287.", "LAYBOURN-PARRY, J., MARSHALL, W. A. & MADAN, N. J. (2007). Viral dynamics and patterns of lysogeny in saline Antarctic lakes. Polar Biology 30, 351-358.", "LEE, M. H., KEAMS, J. L., HELZER, D. W., LEISER, O. P., OCHOA, M. A., CONNON, S. A., MAGNUSON, T. S. & WATWOOD, M. E. (2007). Evaluation of viral and prokaryotic community dynamics in Alvord Desert hot springs, Oregon, USA. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 48, 19-26.", "LI, Y. & LI, D. (2012). Spatial Distributions of Picoplankton and Viruses in the Changjiang Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Area during Summer. Journal of Marine Biology 2012, 11.", "LISLE, J. T. & PRISCU, J. C. (2004). The Occurrence of Lysogenic Bacteria and Microbial Aggregates in the Lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Microbial Ecology 47, 427-439.", "LIU, Y.-M., ZHANG, Q.-Y., YUAN, X.-P., LI, Z.-Q. & GUI, J.-F. (2006). Seasonal variation of virioplankton in a europhic shallow lake. Hydrobiologia 560, 323-334.", "LUEF, B., ASPETSBERGER, F., HEIN, T., HUBER, F. & PEDUZZI, P. (2007). Impact of hydrology on free-living and particle-associated microorganisms in a river floodplain system (Danube, Austria). Freshwater Biology 52, 1043-1057.", "LUEF, B., NEU, T. R. & PEDUZZI, P. (2009). Imaging and quantifying virus fluorescence signals on aquatic aggregates: a new method and its implication for aquatic microbial ecology. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 68, 372-380.", "LYMER, D., LINDSTR\u00d6M, E. S. & VREDE, K. (2008). Variable importance of viral-induced bacterial mortality along gradients of trophic status and humic content in lakes. Freshwater Biology 53, 1101-1113.", "LYMER, D., LOGUE, J. B., BRUSSAARD, C. P. D., BAUDOUX, A.-C., VREDE, K. & LINDSTR\u00d6M, E. S. (2008). Temporal variation in freshwater viral and bacterial community composition. Freshwater Biology 53, 1163-1175.", "MA, L., SUN, R., MAO, G., YU, H. & WANG, Y. (2013). Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Virioplanktonic Abundance in Haihe River, China. BioMed Research International 2013, 1-10.", "MADAN, N., MARSHALL, W. A. & LAYBOURN-PARRY, J. (2005). Virus and microbial loop dynamics over an annual cycle in three contrasting Antarctic lakes. Freshwater Biology 50, 1291-1300.", "MAGAGNINI, M., CORINALDESI, C., MONTICELLI, L. S., DE DOMENICO, E. & DANOVARO, R. (2007). Viral abundance and distribution in mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 54, 1209-1220.", "MAGIOPOULOS, I. & PITTA, P. (2012). Viruses in a deep oligotrophic sea: Seasonal distribution of marine viruses in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 66, 1-10.", "MAIER, C., DE KLUIJVER, A., AGIS, M., BRUSSAARD, C. P. D., VAN DUYL, F. C. & WEINBAUER, M. G. (2011). Dynamics of nutrients, total organic carbon, prokaryotes and viruses in onboard incubations of cold-water corals. Biogeosciences 8, 2609-2620.", "MANINI, E., LUNA, G. M., CORINALDESI, C., ZEPPILLI, D., BORTOLUZZI, G., CARAMANNA, G., RAFFA, F. & DANOVARO, R. (2008). Prokaryote diversity and virus abundance in shallow hydrothermal vents of the Mediterranean Sea (Panarea Island) and the Pacific Ocean (north Sulawesi-Indonesia). Microbial Ecology 55, 626-639.", "MARANGER, R. & BIRD, D. F. (1995). Viral abundance in aquatic systems: a comparison between marine and fresh waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 121, 217-226.", "MARANGER, R. & BIRD, D. F. (1996). High concentrations of viruses in the sediments of Lac Gilbert, Quebec. Microbial Ecology 31, 141-151.", "MARANGER, R., BIRD, D. F. & JUNIPER, S. K. (1994). Viral and bacterial dynamics in Arctic sea ice during the spring algal bloom near Resolute, N.W.T., Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series 111, 121-127.", "MARCHANT, H., DAVIDSON, A., WRIGHT, S. & GLAZEBROOK, J. (2000). The distribution and abundance of viruses in the Southern Ocean during spring. Antarctic Science 12, 414-417.", "MARI, X., KERROS, M. E. & WEINBAUER, M. G. (2007). Virus attachment to transparent exopolymeric particles along trophic gradients in the southwestern lagoon of New Caledonia. Applied Environmental Microbiology 73, 5245-5252.", "MARIE, D., BRUSSAARD, C. P. D., THYRHAUG, R., BRATBAK, G. & VAULOT, D. (1999). Enumeration of marine viruses in culture and natural samples by flow cytometry. Applied Environmental Microbiology 65, 45-52.", "MATHIAS, C. B., KIRSCHNER, A. & VELIMIROV, B. (1995). Seasonal Variations of Virus Abundance and Viral Control of the Bacterial Production in a Backwater System of the Danube River. Applied Environmental Microbiology 61, 3734-3740.", "MAURICE, C. F., BOUVIER, C., DE WIT, R. & BOUVIER, T. (2013). Linking the lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage cycles to environmental conditions, host physiology and their variability in coastal lagoons. Environmental Microbiology 15, 2463-2475.", "MAURICE, C. F., BOUVIER, T., COMTE, J., GUILLEMETTE, F. & DEL GIORGIO, P. A. (2010). Seasonal variations of phage life strategies and bacterial physiological states in three northern temperate lakes. Environmental Microbiology 12, 628-641.", "MEI, M. L. & DANOVARO, R. (2004). Virus production and life strategies in aquatic sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 49, 459-470.", "MIDDELBOE, M. & GLUD, R. N. (2006). Viral activity along a trophic gradient in continental margin sediments off central Chile. Marine Biology Research 2, 41-51.", "MIDDELBOE, M., GLUD, R. N. & FILIPPINI, M. (2011). Viral abundance and activity in the deep sub-seafloor biosphere. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 68, 1-8.", "MIDDELBOE, M., GLUD, R. N. & FINSTER, K. (2003). Distribution of viruses and bacteria in relation to diagenetic activity in an estuarine sediment. Limnology and Oceanography 48, 1447-1456.", "MONTANI\u00c9, H., HARTMANN, H. J., CROTTEREAU, C. & TRICHET, C. (2002). Virus-like particle analysis in a seston-rich coastal pond using transmission electron microscopy. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 28, 105-115.", "MOTEGI, C., NAGATA, T., MIKI, T., WEINBAUER, M. G., LEGENDRE, L. & RASSOULZADEGAND, F. (2009). Viral control of bacterial growth efficiency in marine pelagic environments. Limnology and Oceanography 54, 1901-1910.", "NAKAYAMA, N., OKUMURA, M., INOUE, K., ASAKAWA, S. & KIMURA, M. (2007). Seasonal variations in the abundance of virus-like particles and bacteria in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition 53, 420-429.", "NOBLE, R. T. & FUHRMAN, J. A. (1998). Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 14, 113-118.", "OREN, A., BRATBAK, G. & HELDAL, M. (1997). Occurrence of virus-like particles in the Dead Sea. Extremophiles 1, 143-149.", "ORTMANN, A. C. & SUTTLE, C. A. (2005). High abundances of viruses in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system indicates viral mediated microbial mortality. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 52, 1515-1527.", "ORY, P., HARTMANN, H. J., JUDE, F., DUPUY, C., DEL AMO, Y., CATALA, P., MORNET, F., HUET, V., JAN, B., VINCENT, D., SAUTOUR, B. & MONTANI\u00c9, H. (2010). Pelagic food web patterns: do they modulate virus and nanoflagellate effects on picoplankton during the phytoplankton spring bloom? Environmental Microbiology 12, 2755-2772.", "PAN, L. A., ZHANG, J. & ZHANG, L. H. (2007). Picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, heterotrohpic bacteria and viruses in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal waters. Journal of plankton research 29, 187-197.", "PARADA, V., BAUDOUX, A. C., SINTES, E., WEINBAUER, M. G. & HERNDL, G. J. (2008). Dynamics and diversity of newly produced virioplankton in the North Sea. The ISME Journal 2, 924-936.", "PARADA, V., SINTES, E., VAN AKEN, H. M., WEINBAUER, M. G. & HERNDL, G. J. (2007). Viral abundance, decay, and diversity in the meso- and bathypelagic waters of the north atlantic. Applied Environmental Microbiology 73, 4429-4438.", "PARSONS, R. J., BREITBART, M., LOMAS, M. W. & CARLSON, C. A. (2012). Ocean time-series reveals recurring seasonal patterns of virioplankton dynamics in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. The ISME Journal 6, 273-284.", "PARVATHI, A., ZHONG, X., PRADEEP RAM, A. S. & JACQUET, S. (2014). Dynamics of auto- and heterotrophic picoplankton and associated viruses in Lake Geneva. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, 1073-1087.", "PATERSON, H. & LAYBOURN-PARRY, J. (2012). Antarctic sea ice viral dynamics over an annual cycle. Polar Biology 35, 491-497.", "PATERSON, J. S., NAYAR, S., MITCHELL, J. G. & SEURONT, L. (2013). Population-specific shifts in viral and microbial abundance within a cryptic upwelling. Journal of Marine Systems 113\u2013114, 52-61.", "PATTEN, N. L., MITCHELL, J. G., MIDDELBOE, M., EYRE, B. D., SEURONT, L., HARRISON, P. L. & GLUD, R. N. (2008). Bacterial and viral dynamics during a mass coral spawning period on the Great Barrier Reef. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 50, 209-220.", "PATTEN, N. L., SEYMOUR, J. R. & MITCHELL, J. G. (2006). Flow cytometric analysis of virus-like particles and heterotrophic bacteria within coral-associated reef water. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, 563-566.", "PAUL, J. H., JIANG, S. C. & ROSE, J. B. (1991). Concentration of viruses and dissolved DNA from aquatic environments by vortex flow filtration. Applied Environmental Microbiology 57, 2197-204.", "PAUL, J. H., ROSE, J. B., JIANG, S. C., KELLOGG, C. A. & DICKSON, L. (1993). Distribution of viral abundance in the reef environment of Key Largo, Florida. Applied Environmental Microbiology 59, 718-724.", "PAUL, J. H., ROSE, J. B., JIANG, S. C., LONDON, P., XHOU, X. & KELLOGG, C. (1997). Coliphage and indigenous phage in Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63, 133-138.", "PAYET, J. P. & SUTTLE, C. A. (2008). Physical and biological correlates of virus dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf. Journal of Marine Systems 74, 933-945.", "PEARCE, I., DAVIDSON, A. T., BELL, E. M. & WRIGHT, S. (2007). Seasonal changes in the concentration and metabolic activity of bacteria and viruses at an Antarctic coastal site. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 47, 11-23.", "PEDUZZI, P., AGIS, M. & LUEF, B.  (2013). Evaluation of confocal laser scanning microscopy for enumeration of virus-like particle in aquatic systems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, 5411-5418.", "PEDUZZI, P. & LUEF, B. (2008). Viruses, bacteria and suspended particles in a backwater and main channel site of the Danube (Austria). Aquatic Sciences 70, 186-194.", "PEDUZZI, P. & SCHIEMER, F. (2004). Bacteria and viruses in the water column of tropical freshwater reservoirs. Environmental Microbiology 6, 707-715.", "PEDUZZI, P. & WEINBAUER, M. G. (1993). Effect of concentrating the virus-rich 2-2nm size fraction of seawater on the formation of algal flocs (marine snow). Limnology and Oceanography 38, 1562-1565.", "PERSONNIC, S., DOMAIZON, I., SIME-NGANDO, T. & JACQUET, S. (2009). Seasonal variations of microbial abundances and virus- versus flagellate-induced mortality of picoplankton in three peri-alpine lakes. Journal of Plankton Research 31, 1161-1177.", "PINA, S., CREUS, A., GONZALEZ, N., GIRONES, R., FELIP, M. & SOMMARUGA, R. (1998). Abundance, morphology and distribution of planktonic virus-like particles in two high-mountain lakes. Journal of plankton research 20, 2413-2421.", "PRADEEP RAM, A. S., ARNOUS, B., DANGER, M., CARRIAS, J.-F., LACROIX, G. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2010). High and differential viral infection rates within bacterial \u2018morphopopulations\u2019 in a shallow sand pit lake (Lac de Cr\u00e9teil, France). FEMS Microbiology Ecology 74, 83-92.", "PRADEEP RAM, A. S., BOUCHER, D., SIME-NGANDO, T., DEBROAS, D. & ROMAGOUX, J. C. (2005). Phage Bacteriolysis, Protistan Bacterivory Potential, and Bacterial Production in a Freshwater Reservoir: Coupling with Temperature. Microbial Ecology 50, 64-72.", "PRADEEP RAM, A. S., PALESSE, S., COLOMBET, J., THOUVENOT, A. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2014). The relative importance of viral lysis and nanoflagellate grazing for prokaryote mortality in temperate lakes. Freshwater Biology 59, 300-311.", "PRADEEP RAM, A. S., RASCONI, S., JOBARD, M., PALESSE, S., COLOMBET, J. & SIME-NGANDO, T. (2011). High Lytic Infection Rates but Low Abundances of Prokaryote Viruses in a Humic Lake (Vassivi\u00e8re, Massif Central, France). Applied Environmental Microbiology 77, 5610\u20135618.", "PROCTOR, L. M. & FUHRMAN, J. A. (1990). Viral mortality of marine bacteria and cyanobacteria. Nature 343, 60-62.", "REISSER, W., GREIN, S. & KRAMBEK, C. (1993). Extracellular DNA in aquatic ecosystems may in part be due to phycovirus activity. Hydrobiologia 252, 199-201.", "RICCIARDI-RIGAULT, M., BIRD, D. F. & PRAIRIE, Y. T. (2000). Changes in sediment viral and bacterial abundances with hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in a shallow eutrophic Lac Brome (Quebec, Canada). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, 1284-1290.", "ROUDNEW, B., LAVERY, T. J., SEYMOUR, J. R., JEFFRIES, T. C. & MITCHELL, J. G. (2014). Variability in bacteria and virus-like particle abundances during purging of unconfined aquifers. Ground Water 52, 118-124.", "ROUDNEW, B., LAVERY, T. J., SEYMOUR, J. R., SMITH, R. J. & MITCHELL, J. G. (2013). Spatially varying complexity of bacterial and virus-like particle communities within an aquifer system. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 68, 259-266.", "ROUDNEW, B., SEYMOUR, J. R., JEFFRIES, T. C., LAVERY, T. J., SMITH, R. J. & MITCHELL, J. G. (2012). Bacterial and Virus-Like Particle Abundances in Purged and Unpurged Groundwater Depth Profiles. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 32, 72-77.", "ROWE, J. M., DEBRUYN, J. M., POORVIN, L., LECLEIR, G. R., JOHNSON, Z. I., ZINSER, E. R. & WILHELM, S. W. (2012). Viral and bacterial abundance and production in the Western Pacific Ocean and the relation to other oceanic realms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 79, 359-370.", "S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C., ANESIO, M. A., GRAN\u00c9LI, W. & LAYBOURN-PARRY, J. (2007). Seasonal Viral Loop Dynamics in Two Large Ultraoligotrophic Antarctic Freshwater Lakes. Microbial Ecology 53, 1-11.", "S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C., ASK, J. & KARLSSON, J. (2009). Viruses in subarctic lakes and their impact on benthic and pelagic bacteria. FEMS Microbioly Ecology 70, 471-482.", "S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C., GRAN\u00c9LI, W., LAYBOURN-PARRY, J. & ANESIO, A. M. (2007). High viral infection rates in Antarctic and Arctic bacterioplankton. Environmental Microbiology 9, 250-255.", "S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C., LAYBOURN-PARRY, J., GRAN\u00c9LI, W. & ANESIO, A. M. (2007). Heterotrophic bacterial and viral dynamics in Arctic freshwaters: results from a field study and nutrient-temperature manipulation experiments. Polar Biology 30, 1407-1415.", "S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C., LISLE, J., ANESIO, A. M., PRISCU, J. C. & LAYBOURN-PARRY, J. (2008). Bacteriophage in polar inland waters. Extremophiles 12, 167-75.", "S\u00c4WSTR\u00d6M, C., PEARCE, I., DAVIDSON, A. T., ROS\u00c9N, P. & LAYBOURN-PARRY, J. (2008). Influence of environmental conditions, bacterial activity and viability on the viral component in 10 Antarctic lakes. FEMS Microbioly Ecology 63, 12-22.", "SCHOENFELD, T., PATTERSON, M., RICHARDSON, P. M., WOMMACK, K. E., YOUNG, M. & MEAD, D. (2008). Assembly of viral metagenomes from yellowstone hot springs. Applied Environmental Microbiology 74, 4164-4174.", "SEYMOUR, J. R., PATTEN, N., BOURNE, D. G. & MITCHELL, J. G. (2005). Spatial dynamics of virus-like particles and heterotrophic bacteria within a shallow coral reef system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 288, 1-8.", "SEYMOUR, J. R., SEURONT, L., DOUBELL, M., WATERS, R. L. & MITCHELL, J. G. (2006). Microscale patchiness of virioplankton. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, 551-561.", "SIME-NGANDO, T., LUCAS, S., ROBIN, A., TUCKER, K. P., COLOMBET, J., BETTAREL, Y., DESMOND, E., GRIBALDO, S., FORTERRE, P., BREITBART, M. & PRANGISHVILI, D. (2011). Diversity of virus-host systems in hypersaline Lake Retba, Senegal. Environmental Microbiology 13, 1956-1972.", "\u0160IMEK, K., PERNTHALER, J., WEINBAUER, M. G., HORN\u00c1K, K., DOLAN, J. R., NEDOMA, J., MA\u0160\u00cdN, M. & AMANN, R. (2001). Changes in Bacterial Community Composition and Dynamics and Viral Mortality Rates Associated with Enhanced Flagellate Grazing in a Mesoeutrophic Reservoir. Applied Environmental Microbiology 67, 2723-2733.", "SIMON, M., GROSSART, H.-P., SCHWEITZER, B. & PLOUG, H. (2002). Microbial ecology of organic aggregates in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 28, 175-211.", "SLOV\u00c1\u010cKOV\u00c1, H. & MAR\u0160\u00c1LEK, B. (2008). Virioplankton and microbial communities in two Czech rivers (Svratka and Morava River). Aquatic Sciences 70, 282-291.", "SMITH, D. C., STEWARD, G. F. & AZAM, F. (1992). Virus and bacteria abundances in the Drake Passage during January and August 1991. Antarctic Journal of the United States 27, 125.", "STEPANOVA, O. A. (2001). Marine Bacteria and Viruses in the Water and Bottom Sediments of Sevastopol Bays. Russian Journal of Ecology 32, 56-57.", "STEWARD, G. F., SMITH, D. C. & AZAM, F. (1996). Abundance and production of bacteria and viruses in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 131, 287-300.", "STOPAR, D., CERNE, A., ZIGMAN, M., POLJSAK-PRIJATELJ, M. & TURK, V. (2003). Viral abundance and a high proportion of lysogens suggest that viruses are important members of the microbial community in the Gulf of Trieste. Microbial Ecology 46, 249-256.", "SULCIUS, S., STANIULIS, J. & PA\u0160KAUSKAS, R. (2011). Morphology and distribution of phage-like particles in a eutrophic boreal lagoon*. Oceanologia 53, 587-603.", "SWANSON, M. M., FRASER, G., DANIELL, T. J., TORRANCE, L., GREGORY, P. J. & TALIANSKY, M. (2009). Viruses in soils: morphological diversity and abundance in the rhizosphere. Annals of Applied Biology 155, 51-60.", "TAPPER, M. A. & HICKS, R. E. (1998). Temperate viruses and lysogeny in Lake Superior bacterioplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 95-103.", "TAYLOR, G. T., HEIN, C. & IABICHELLA, M. (2003). Temporal variations in viral distributions in the anoxic Cariaco Basin. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 30, 103-116.", "THOMAS, R., BERDJEB, L., SIME-NGANDO, T. & JACQUET, S. (2011). Viral abundance, production, decay rates and life strategies (lysogeny versus lysis) in Lake Bourget (France). Environmental Microbiology 13, 616-630.", "TIJDENS, M., VAN DE WAAL, D. B., SLOVACKOVA, H., HOOGVELD, H. L. & GONS, H. J. (2008). Estimates of bacterial and phytoplankton mortality caused by viral lysis and microzooplankton grazing in a shallow eutrophic lake. Freshwater Biology 53, 1126-1141.", "TUOMI, P., TORSVIK, T., HELDAL, M. & BRATBAK, G. (1997). Bacterial population dynamics in a meromictic lake. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63, 2181-2188.", "VANUCCI, S., BRUNI, V. & PULICAN\u00d2, G. (2005). Spatial and temporal distribution of virioplankton and bacterioplankton in a Brackish Environment (Lake of Ganzirri, Italy). Hydrobiologia 539, 83-92.", "VREDE, K., STENSDOTTER, U. & LINDSTR\u00d6M, E. S. (2003). Viral and bacterioplankton dynamics in two lakes with different humic contents. Microbial Ecology 46, 406-415.", "WEINBAUER, M. G., FUKS, D. & PEDUZZI, P. (1993). Distribution of Viruses and Dissolved DNA along a Coastal Trophic Gradient in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Applied Environmental Microbiology 59, 4074-82.", "WEINBAUER, M. G., FUKS, D., PUSKARIC, S. & PEDUZZI, P. (1995). Diel, seasonal, and depth-related variability of viruses and dissolved DNA in the northern Adriatic Sea. Microbial Ecology 30, 25-41.", "WEINBAUER, M. G. & H\u00d6FLE, M. G. (1998). Significance of Viral Lysis and Flagellate Grazing as Factors Controlling Bacterioplankton Production in a Eutrophic Lake. Applied Environmental Microbiology 64, 431-438.", "WEINBAUER, M. G., LIU, J., MOTEGI, C., MAIER, C., PEDROTTI, M. L., DAI, M. & GATTUSO, J. P. (2013). Seasonal variability of microbial respiration and bacterial and archaeal community composition in the upper twilight zone. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 71, 99\u2013115.", "WEINBAUER, M. G. & SUTTLE, C. A. (1997). Comparison of epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy for counting viruses in natural marine waters. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 13, 225-232.", "WEINBAUER, M. G. & SUTTLE, C. A. (1999). Lysogeny and prophage induction in coastal and offshore bacterial communities. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 18, 217-225.", "WEINBAUER, M. G., WINTER, C. & H\u00d6FLE, M. G. (2002). Reconsidering transmission electron microscopy based estimates of viral infection of bacterioplankton using conversion factors derived from natural communities. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 27, 103-110.", "WELLS, L. E. & DEMING, J. W. (2006). Modelled and measured dynamics of viruses in Arctic winter sea-ice brines. Environmental Microbiology 8, 1115-1121.", "WILCOX, R. M. & FUHRMAN, J. A. (1994). Bacterial viruses in coastal seawater: lytic rather than lysogenic production. Marine Ecology Progress Series 114, 35-45.", "WILHARTITZ, I. C., KIRSCHNER, A. K., BRUSSAARD, C. P., FISCHER, U. R., WIELTSCHNIG, C., STADLER, H. & FARNLEITNER, A. H. (2013). Dynamics of natural prokaryotes, viruses, and heterotrophic nanoflagellates in alpine karstic groundwater. Microbiologyopen 2, 633-643.", "WILHELM, S. W., BRIGDEN, S. M. & SUTTLE, C. A. (2002). A dilution technique for the direct measurement of viral production: a comparison in stratified and tidally mixed coastal waters. Microbial Ecology 43, 168-173.", "WILHELM, S. W., WEINBAUER, M. G., SUTTLE, C. A. & JEFFREY, W. H. (1998). The role of sunlight in the removal and repair of viruses in the sea. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 586-592.", "WILLIAMSON, K. E., RADOSEVICH, M., SMITH, D. W. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2007). Incidence of lysogeny within temperate and extreme soil environments. Environmental Microbiology 9, 2563-2574.", "WILLIAMSON, K. E., RADOSEVICH, M. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2005). Abundance and diversity of viruses in six Delaware soils. Applied Environmental Microbiology 71, 3119-3125.", "WILLIAMSON, K. E., WOMMACK, K. E. & RADOSEVICH, M. (2003). Sampling natural viral communities from soil for culture-independent analyses. Applied Environmental Microbiology 69, 6628-6633.", "WILLIAMSON, S. J., CARY, S. C., WILLIAMSON, K. E., HELTON, R. R., BENCH, S. R., WINGET, D. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2008). Lysogenic virus-host interactions predominate at deep-sea diffuse-flow hydrothermal vents. The ISME Journal 2, 1112-1121.", "WILSON, W. H., LANE, D., PEARCE, D. A. & ELLIS-EVANS, J. C. (2000). Transmission electron microscope analysis of virus-like particles in the freshwater lakes of Signy Island, Antarctica. Polar Biology 23, 657-660.", "WINGET, D. M., HELTON, R. R., WILLIAMSON, K. E., BENCH, S. R., WILLIAMSON, S. J. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2011). Repeating patterns of virioplankton production within an estuarine ecosystem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, 11506-11511.", "WINGET, D. M. & WOMMACK, K. E. (2009). Diel and daily fluctuations in virioplankton production in coastal ecosystems. Environmental Microbiology 11, 2904-2914.", "WINTER, C., KERROS, M.-E. & WEINBAUER, M. G. (2009). Seasonal and depth-related dynamics of prokaryotes and viruses in surface and deep waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56, 1972-1982.", "WINTER, C., SMIT, A., HERNDL, G. J. & WEINBAUER, M. G. (2005). Linking bacterial richness with viral abundance and prokaryotic activity. Limnology and Oceanography 50, 968-977.", "WOMMACK, K. E., HILL, R. T. & COLWELL, R. R. (1995). A simple method for the concentration of viruses from natural water samples. Journal of Microbiological Methods 22, 57-67.", "WOMMACK, K. E., HILL, R. T., KESSEL, M., RUSSEK-COHEN, E. & COLWELL, R. R. (1992). Distribution of viruses in the Chesapeake Bay. Applied Environmental Microbiology 58, 2965-2970.", "WOMMACK, K. E., WILLIAMSON, S. J., SUNDBERGH, A., HELTON, R. R., GLAZER, B. T., PORTUNE, K. & CARY, S. C. (2004). An instrument for collecting discrete large-volume water samples suitable for ecological studies of microorganisms. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 51, 1781-1792.", "WR\u00d3BEL, B., FILIPPINI, M., PIWOWARCZYK, J., K\u0118DRA, M., KULI\u0143SKI, K. & MIDDELBOE, M. (2013). Low virus to prokaryote ratios in the cold: benthic viruses and prokaryotes in a subpolar marine ecosystem (Hornsund, Svalbard). International Microbiology 16, 45-52.", "YANAGAWA, K., MORONO, Y., YOSHIDA-TAKASHIMA, Y., EITOKU, M., SUNAMURA, M., INAGAKI, F., IMACHI, H., TAKAI, K. & NUNOURA, T. (2014). Variability of subseafloor viral abundance at the geographically and geologically distinct continental margins. FEMS Microbioly Ecology 88, 60-8.", "YANG, Y., MOTEGI, C., YOKOKAWA, T. & NAGATA, T. (2010). Large-scale distribution patterns of virioplankton in the upper ocean. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 60, 233-246.", "YANG, Y., YOKOKAWA, T., MOTEGI, C. & NAGATA, T. (2014). Large-scale distribution of viruses in deep waters of the Pacific and Southern Oceans. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 71, 193-202.", "YOSHIDA-TAKASHIMA, Y., NUNOURA, T., KAZAMA, H., NOGUCHI, T., INOUE, K., AKASHI, H., YAMANAKA, T., TOKI, T., YAMAMOTO, M., FURUSHIMA, Y., UENO, Y., YAMAMOTO, H. & TAKAI, K. (2012). Spatial Distribution of Viruses Associated with Planktonic and Attached Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Environments. Applied Environmental Microbiology 78, 1311-1320.", "ZHONG, X., PRADEEP RAM, A. S., COLOMBET, J. & JACQUET, S. (2014). Variations in Abundance, Genome Size, Morphology, and Functional Role of the Virioplankton in Lakes Annecy and Bourget over a 1-Year Period. Microbial Ecology 67, 66-82."]}