DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v15dv4266
title: Reliable reconstruction of cricket song from biophysical models and preserved specimens

description: Predicting the function of a biological structure solely from its
 morphology can be a very powerful tool in several fields of biology, but
 especially in evolutionary reconstruction. In the field of invertebrate
 acoustic communication, reconstructing the acoustic properties of
 sound-producing forewings in crickets has been based on two very divergent
 methods, finite element modelling (FEM) and vibrometric measurements from
 preserved specimens. Both methods, however, make strong simplifying
 assumptions that have not been tested, and the reliability of inferences
 made from either method remains in question. Here we rigorously test and
 refine both reconstruction methods using the well-known Teleogryllus
 oceanicus model system and determine the appropriate conditions required
 to reconstruct the vibroacoustic behaviour of male forewings. We find that
 when using FEM, it is not necessary to assume simplified boundary
 conditions if the appropriate parameters are found. When using preserved
 specimens, we find that the sample needs to be rehydrated for reliable
 reconstruction; however, it may be possible to accomplish rehydration in
 silico using FEM. Our findings provide a refined methodology for the
 reliable reconstruction of cricket songs, whether from fossils or
 preserved specimens from museums or field collections.
description: There are several datasets in this paper, using Laser Doppler
 Vibrometry, Optical Coherence Tomography-based imaging, and Finite Element
 modelling. All details of how data were collected and processed are
 presented in the materials and methods of the paper, including the
 supplementary materials.
description: # Reliable reconstruction of cricket song from biophysical models and
 preserved specimens
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v15dv4266](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v15dv4266) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables #### Folder: RSOS-241795-Data.zip This dataset encompasses a wide range of file formats, catering to diverse research needs. We understand that some file formats may require specific software or tools for access. In such cases, or for any assistance with data conversion and analysis, researchers are welcome to contact the authors. We are committed to providing support and guidance to facilitate the effective use of this comprehensive dataset in further research and analysis. **.svd (Polytec Scan files)** **.unv (Polytec Scan files converted into the UNV universal file format accessible using Matlab or Python)** These files contain vibrometry scan data from 1. Forewings of live *Teleogryllus oceanicus*, both wildtype normal winged and *flatwing* animals (first reported in Bailey et al, 2019) and reused here, and also data from new measurements made at UWO, 2. Dry preserved forewings from *Teleogryllus oceanicus* normal winged crickets, 3. Rehyrdated preserved forewings from *Teleogryllus oceanicus* normal winged crickets. This is a proprietary format associated with the Polytec vibrometer, however scans can be viewed using their freely available Scanviewer software ([https://www.polytec.com/int/vibrometry/products/software/scanviewer](https://www.polytec.com/int/vibrometry/products/software/scanviewer)). It is also available within the data download. The data can also be accessed using functions written for Matlab/Excel/Python, etc using the package called Polytec File Access which is available at: [https://www.polytec.com/us/vibrometry/products/software/polytec-update](https://www.polytec.com/us/vibrometry/products/software/polytec-update)". It is also available within the data download. Additionally the data extracted from these files to make figures are available as Excel or CSV files within the respective subfolders. **.mph (COMSOL multiphysics files)** These files contain the finite element models and also the analyses reported within this paper. The files were saved on version 6.1 and are not backward compatible. There is a seperate file for the eigenfrequency studies and the frequency analyses. The frequency analyses the main reported analyses and also contain some higher resolution runs and checks on some parameter combinations which warranted extra checks. This is a proprietary licensed software however, it is possible to obtain short term trial licenses from COMSOL to access the files. Additionally the data extracted from these files to make figures are available as Excel or CSV files within the respective subfolders. **.txt, .csv & .xls (Excel files)** These contain all frequency responses reported in figures, measurements of vein thickness, summary data for statistical analyses and eigenfrequency model analysis. **.rmd (R statistics code)** This file contains the code for the statistical comparison between live, dry preserved and rehydrated forewing specimen vibrometry. #### Data organization The data are organized in a zip file within which is an intuitive file structure containing the following folders and subfolders. The file names are intuitive with each .spd file relating to each animal and derived data retaining the appropriate name. .mph files are named to explain the analysis contained within them. Folder names are related to each results section. #### Code/software Two zip files containing code and software to access Polytec data are as follows: Polytec File Access 6.2.zip Polytec Scan Viewer 3.0 Following this is a description of data within the folders **ResultsSection3_3_Dead animal data** ``` Dessicated samples The data files in this folder are Polytec files in the *.svd and *.unv format Each file is the measurement of the preserved dehydrated wing of a single individual of the Kauai males. Each data file contains both wing velocity measurements and simultaneous microphone measurements Frequency responses The data files in this folder are .xls files which contain the data used to draw figures in the paper. Each file contains data for the same single individual, when the wing was hydrated and dehydrated. The first column contains frequency data, the second contains displacement to sound pressure level data. Rehydrated samples The data files in this folder are Polytec files in the *.svd and *.unv format Each file is the measurement of the preserved wing of a single individual of the Kauai males which has been rehydrated for measurement. Each data file contains both wing velocity measurements and simultaneous microphone measurements Vein Measurements The data files in this folder are .xls files. The file contains data for veins identified in figure S1 in the supplementary materials. Each file contains data for wing vein measurements using OCT data. The measurements are of vein depths as identified in figure S2. Data from both Normal wing and Flat wing individuals are in two datasheets. Averages are provided in a third datasheet. ``` **ResultsSection3_1&2_Live animal data** ``` Flat Wing The data files in this folder are Polytec files in the *.svd and *.unv format Each file is the wing vibrometry measurement of a live single individual of a flat wing T. oceanicus males. Each data file contains both wing velocity measurements and simultaneous microphone measurements Frequency responses The data files in this folder are .xls and .txt files which contain the data used to draw figures in the paper. The first column in each file contains frequency data, the second contains displacement to sound pressure level data. Toceanicus_K-FW_23_M_1_Bothwings_FFT_10.3kHz: contains data for the FW individual shown in figure 1 Toceanicus_specimen4higherfres_wing2_UTMsamples_mode1: contains the data for the normal wing mode 1 shown in figure 1 Toceanicus_specimen4higherfres_wing2_UTMsamples_mode2: contains the data for the normal wing mode 2 shown in figure 1 Normal Wing The data files in this folder are Polytec files in the *.svd and *.unv format Each file is the wing vibrometry measurement of a live single individual of a normal wing T. oceanicus males. Each data file contains both wing velocity measurements and simultaneous microphone measurements ``` **ResultsSection3_1&2FiniteElementModelling** ``` COMSOL NW Rod Model, Eigenfrequency Study, CMSL6_1: contains the COMSOL eigenfrequency studies for the Normal wing models without the fold in the lateral field. EigenFreqModel_analysis.xls: contains the analysis for which eigenfrequency studies meet criteria. NW Rod Model, Frequency Domain Study, CMSL6_1: contains the COMSOL frequency domain studies for the Normal wing models without the fold in the lateral field. This includes the study for the dehydrated wing (Figure 1 & 2). NW Rod Model, Frequency Domain Study, Eall = 6-7, mt = 2-2.5.mph_FOLD: contains the COMSOL frequency domain studies for the Normal wing models with the fold in the lateral field (Figure 1). NW Rod Model, Frequency Domain Study, Eall = 10-15, mt = 2-2.5.mph_FOLD: contains the COMSOL frequency domain studies for the dehydrated Normal wing models with the fold in the lateral field (Figure 2). FW Rod Model, Frequency Domain, E = 6.5, mt = 2.25_FOLD: contains the COMSOL frequency domain studies for the flat wing models with the fold in the lateral field (Figure 1). FW Rod Model, Frequency Domain, E = 6.5, mt = 2.25: contains the COMSOL frequency domain studies for the flat wing models without the fold in the lateral field (Figure 1). NW Rod Model, Frequency Domain Study, Eall = 6-7, mt = 2-2.5.mph_FOLD&VariedDiam: contains the COMSOL frequency domain studies for the normal wing models with the fold in the lateral field where we studied the effect of vein diameter (Figure S5) Frequency responses Folded The data files in this folder are .xls and .txt files which contain the data used to draw figures in the paper. The first column in each file contains frequency data, the second contains displacement to sound pressure level data. Files contain data for different folded model outputs in figure 1 and 2 NW model harp mode, NW model mirror mode, NW dessicated model and FW model as indicated by the filenames. Unfolded The data files in this folder are .xls and .txt files which contain the data used to draw figures in the paper. The first column in each file contains frequency data, the second contains displacement to sound pressure level data. Files contain data for different flattened model outputs in figure 1 and 2 NW model harp mode, NW model mirror mode, NW dessicated model and FW model as indicated by the filenames. ``` **All_StatisticalAnalysis** This folder contains the .R file which performs the statistical tests comparing the harp frequencies, harp amplitudes, and harp Q for live, dry preserved and rehydrated samples It also contains the underlying data in *.csv format with the appropriate file names as indicated by the filenames. Finally it contains a single *.xls file which contains all this same data in an easy to read intuitive layout, where specimen names and each of the derived measurements are labelled by row and column. #### Access information Some data was derived from the following sources: * 1. Bailey, N.W., Pascoal, S. & Montealegre-Z, F. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 201818998 (2019).doi:[10.1073/pnas.1818998116](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818998116)