cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013196.v1
title: Sward structure, light interception and herbage accumulation in forage peanut cv. Belmonte subjected to strategies of intermittent grazing management

description: ABSTRACT. Nitrogen fertilization ensures productivity and persistency of pastures, but may be expensive. Perennial forage peanut, becomes an interesting alternative for N supply. Little is known about its use under grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth process of forage peanut using an experimental protocol analogous to tropical forage grasses under rotational grazing. Treatments corresponded to two pre- (95% and maximum canopy light interception - LI95% and LIMax) and two post-grazing (post-grazing heights of 40 and 60% of pre-grazing height) conditions, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (n = 4). Targets of LI pre-grazing affected pre-grazing height and LI post-grazing. The residual sward LAI did not vary, resulting in similar grazing interval. Greater rates and total herbage accumulation were recorded for LIMax target, consequence of the greater accumulation of stolons at the lower strata of the swards. Greater percentage of leaflets was recorded for the LI95% target. Given the stoloniferous growth habit of forage peanut, stolon accumulation in the lower strata of the sward do not represent a limitation to leaf accumulation and morphological composition. The greater pre-grazing sward height associated with the LIMax target facilitate herbage prehension and intake, further investigation is needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013202
title: Efficiency of the use of ryegrass by heifers in response to the receival of supplement

description: ABSTRACT. The intensity and frequency of defoliation of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by beef heifers exclusively grazing or receiving corn grain or extruded commercial product with fat as supplement were evaluated. The grazing method was put-and-take stocking. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, three treatments and two area replications. The phyllochron of ryegrass was 140.1 and 303.4°GD the leaf lifespan. The intensity (67.0 %) and the frequency of defoliation (6.4 days) were similar, regardless of supply or no of energetic supplement for grazing heifers. The defoliation frequency indicates that the heifers can return about 3.3 times to the same tiller during the leaf lifespan. Considering the different categories of leaf blades, the supply of extruded fat causes the heifers to remove higher proportion (66.5 %) of expanding leaf blades. On ryegrass pasture, the efficiency of forage use is not modified when heifers receive energetic supplement.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013205
title: Forage systems mixed with forage legumes grazed by lactating cows

description: ABSTRACT. Current research evaluates productivity, stocking and nutritional rates of three forage systems with Elephant Grass (EG) + Italian Ryegrass (IR) + Spontaneous Growth Species (SGS), without forage legumes; EG + IR + SGS + Forage Peanut (FP), mixed with FP; and EG + IR + SGS + Red Clover (RC), mixed with RC, in rotational grazing method by lactating cows. IR developed between rows of EG. FP was maintained, whilst RC was sow to respective forage systems. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and two replication, subdivided into parcels over time. Mean rate for forage yield and average stocking rate were 10.6, 11.6 and 14.4 t ha-1; 3.0, 2.8 and 3.1 animal unit ha-1 day-1, for the respective systems. Levels of crude protein and total digestible nutrients were 17.8, 18.7 and 17.5%; 66.5, 66.8 and 64.8%, for the respective forage systems. The presence of RC results in better and higher forage yield in the mixture, whilst FP results in greater control of SGS. The inclusion of forage legumes in pasture systems provides better nutritional rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013205.v1
title: Forage systems mixed with forage legumes grazed by lactating cows

description: ABSTRACT. Current research evaluates productivity, stocking and nutritional rates of three forage systems with Elephant Grass (EG) + Italian Ryegrass (IR) + Spontaneous Growth Species (SGS), without forage legumes; EG + IR + SGS + Forage Peanut (FP), mixed with FP; and EG + IR + SGS + Red Clover (RC), mixed with RC, in rotational grazing method by lactating cows. IR developed between rows of EG. FP was maintained, whilst RC was sow to respective forage systems. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and two replication, subdivided into parcels over time. Mean rate for forage yield and average stocking rate were 10.6, 11.6 and 14.4 t ha-1; 3.0, 2.8 and 3.1 animal unit ha-1 day-1, for the respective systems. Levels of crude protein and total digestible nutrients were 17.8, 18.7 and 17.5%; 66.5, 66.8 and 64.8%, for the respective forage systems. The presence of RC results in better and higher forage yield in the mixture, whilst FP results in greater control of SGS. The inclusion of forage legumes in pasture systems provides better nutritional rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013207
title: Intensive dairy farming systems from Holland and Brazil: SWOT analyse comparison

description: ABSTRACT. Intensive systems of milk production in Brazil and Holland are compared by SWOT analysis. Twenty-one farms, 10 in Wageningen, central region of Holland, and 11 in Castro, central-eastern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were sampled. Data were retrieved from semi-structured interviews with the owners or people responsible for dairy activities, using a questionnaire guide and a digital recorder. After results were analysed, a table was elaborated representing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks for each country. Dairy farms in Holland were uniform, or rather, small and medium-sized farms with high production. It has also been observed that Dutch farms have several problems due to high intensification, for example, hoof diseases with great economic loss. In the case of Brazilian dairy farms, several types of systems and degrees were detected. Brazilian production in the region analysed features a higher quantity than that in Holland, with less intensity when compared to that on Dutch farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013207.v1
title: Intensive dairy farming systems from Holland and Brazil: SWOT analyse comparison

description: ABSTRACT. Intensive systems of milk production in Brazil and Holland are compared by SWOT analysis. Twenty-one farms, 10 in Wageningen, central region of Holland, and 11 in Castro, central-eastern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were sampled. Data were retrieved from semi-structured interviews with the owners or people responsible for dairy activities, using a questionnaire guide and a digital recorder. After results were analysed, a table was elaborated representing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks for each country. Dairy farms in Holland were uniform, or rather, small and medium-sized farms with high production. It has also been observed that Dutch farms have several problems due to high intensification, for example, hoof diseases with great economic loss. In the case of Brazilian dairy farms, several types of systems and degrees were detected. Brazilian production in the region analysed features a higher quantity than that in Holland, with less intensity when compared to that on Dutch farms.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013208
title: Effect of feeding Thymolina® powder on the carcass characteristics and morphology of small intestine in ross 308 broiler chickens

description: ABSTRACT. In the present experiment, 320 one day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and each replicate contained 20 broiler chickens. Experimental treatments include control, 0.5, 1, and 2% of Thymolina powder in chickens’ diet. Thymolina® is an anti-bacterial powder drug which is made by composing 4 medicinal plants. A significant difference observed between treatments in each parameter of the Intestinal morphology (villus height, villus width, crypt depth and epithelial thickness). Goblet cells number was not affected. Our findings indicated that using Thymolina® in the diet of broiler chickens causes improvements in carcass characteristics. Therefore, it may improve the carcass characteristics and morphology of small intestine in broiler chickens.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013208.v1
title: Effect of feeding Thymolina® powder on the carcass characteristics and morphology of small intestine in ross 308 broiler chickens

description: ABSTRACT. In the present experiment, 320 one day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and each replicate contained 20 broiler chickens. Experimental treatments include control, 0.5, 1, and 2% of Thymolina powder in chickens’ diet. Thymolina® is an anti-bacterial powder drug which is made by composing 4 medicinal plants. A significant difference observed between treatments in each parameter of the Intestinal morphology (villus height, villus width, crypt depth and epithelial thickness). Goblet cells number was not affected. Our findings indicated that using Thymolina® in the diet of broiler chickens causes improvements in carcass characteristics. Therefore, it may improve the carcass characteristics and morphology of small intestine in broiler chickens.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013211
title: Effect of using the Matrix Values for NSP-degrading enzymes on performance, water intake, litter moisture and jejunal digesta viscosity of broilers fed barley-based diet

description: ABSTRACT. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of three multi-enzymes nutrient matrix values and compared the results with that fed barley and the corn diets without enzyme. In entire period, addition of all enzymes to the barley-based diet significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased feed intake (FI) and the highest intake was for birds that fed enzyme A (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, from 0 to 42 days, average daily gain (ADG) was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased by enzyme and birds fed enzyme A had the highest body weight (p &lt; 0.05). Generally, from 0 to 42 d of age, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved when enzyme added to barley-based diet, but there were no significant differences among diets containing enzymes A and C and the corn-based diet. The carcass weight, and the relative weight of the abdominal fat were significantly increased by enzyme, while small intestine and cecum decreased with enzyme addition (p &lt; 0.05). Enzyme significantly decreased jejunal viscosity at Day 23 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas pH of jejunal digesta was not changed (p &gt; 0.05). Litter moisture and water to feed ratio at 15, 25, and 33 days of age significantly decreased by addition of all enzymes (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, considering nutrient matrix values for all used enzymes improved performance of broilers and can be used in formulating diets commercial broiler diets based on barley.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013211.v1
title: Effect of using the Matrix Values for NSP-degrading enzymes on performance, water intake, litter moisture and jejunal digesta viscosity of broilers fed barley-based diet

description: ABSTRACT. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of three multi-enzymes nutrient matrix values and compared the results with that fed barley and the corn diets without enzyme. In entire period, addition of all enzymes to the barley-based diet significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased feed intake (FI) and the highest intake was for birds that fed enzyme A (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, from 0 to 42 days, average daily gain (ADG) was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased by enzyme and birds fed enzyme A had the highest body weight (p &lt; 0.05). Generally, from 0 to 42 d of age, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved when enzyme added to barley-based diet, but there were no significant differences among diets containing enzymes A and C and the corn-based diet. The carcass weight, and the relative weight of the abdominal fat were significantly increased by enzyme, while small intestine and cecum decreased with enzyme addition (p &lt; 0.05). Enzyme significantly decreased jejunal viscosity at Day 23 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas pH of jejunal digesta was not changed (p &gt; 0.05). Litter moisture and water to feed ratio at 15, 25, and 33 days of age significantly decreased by addition of all enzymes (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, considering nutrient matrix values for all used enzymes improved performance of broilers and can be used in formulating diets commercial broiler diets based on barley.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013213.v1
title: Ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers fed crude glycerine replacing starch vs. fibre-based energy ingredient in low or high concentrate diets

description: ABSTRACT. Twelve ruminally cannulated steers (401.0 ± 41.5 kg) and 24 mo were used in a replicated arrangement truncated Latin Square with six animals in six treatments and four periods to evaluate the effect of crude glycerine (CG; 80.3% of glycerol) with starch or fiber-based energy ingredients in the concentrate on DMI, DM (DMD) and NDF digestibility (NDFD) and ruminal parameters. Experimental periods were 19 days (14 days for adaptation and 5 days to sampling). Diets were: CO - without CG and corn as ingredient of concentrate; CGC - inclusion of CG (10% of DM) with corn in the concentrate; and CGSH - inclusion of CG (10% of DM) with soybean hulls (SH) in the concentrate. All three diets were offered at low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate level, CL (40 or 60%). Animals fed LC or HC diets had similar DMI, DMD and NDFD. Animals fed diets with CG associated with corn or SH had higher propionate concentrations and lower A:P ratio. Diets with HC increase the propionate but do not affect the NDFD. CG (10% of DM) can be used to replace corn or SH in diets with 40 or 60% of concentrate, without affect NDFD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013213
title: Ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers fed crude glycerine replacing starch vs. fibre-based energy ingredient in low or high concentrate diets

description: ABSTRACT. Twelve ruminally cannulated steers (401.0 ± 41.5 kg) and 24 mo were used in a replicated arrangement truncated Latin Square with six animals in six treatments and four periods to evaluate the effect of crude glycerine (CG; 80.3% of glycerol) with starch or fiber-based energy ingredients in the concentrate on DMI, DM (DMD) and NDF digestibility (NDFD) and ruminal parameters. Experimental periods were 19 days (14 days for adaptation and 5 days to sampling). Diets were: CO - without CG and corn as ingredient of concentrate; CGC - inclusion of CG (10% of DM) with corn in the concentrate; and CGSH - inclusion of CG (10% of DM) with soybean hulls (SH) in the concentrate. All three diets were offered at low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate level, CL (40 or 60%). Animals fed LC or HC diets had similar DMI, DMD and NDFD. Animals fed diets with CG associated with corn or SH had higher propionate concentrations and lower A:P ratio. Diets with HC increase the propionate but do not affect the NDFD. CG (10% of DM) can be used to replace corn or SH in diets with 40 or 60% of concentrate, without affect NDFD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013214
title: Comparing non-linear mathematical models to describe growth of different animals

description: ABSTRACT. The main objective of this study was to compare the goodness of fit of five non-linear growth models, i.e. Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards and von Bertalanffy in different animals. It also aimed to evaluate the influence of the shape parameter on the growth curve. To accomplish this task, published growth data of 14 different groups of animals were used and four goodness of fit statistics were adopted: coefficient of determination (R2 ), root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). In general, the Richards growth equation provided better fits to experimental data than the other models. However, for some animals, different models exhibited better performance. It was obtained a possible interpretation for the shape parameter, in such a way that can provide useful insights to predict animal growth behavior.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013214.v1
title: Comparing non-linear mathematical models to describe growth of different animals

description: ABSTRACT. The main objective of this study was to compare the goodness of fit of five non-linear growth models, i.e. Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards and von Bertalanffy in different animals. It also aimed to evaluate the influence of the shape parameter on the growth curve. To accomplish this task, published growth data of 14 different groups of animals were used and four goodness of fit statistics were adopted: coefficient of determination (R2 ), root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). In general, the Richards growth equation provided better fits to experimental data than the other models. However, for some animals, different models exhibited better performance. It was obtained a possible interpretation for the shape parameter, in such a way that can provide useful insights to predict animal growth behavior.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013216
title: Grazing behavior and spatial distribution of feces of Young bulls in silvopastoral systems and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region

description: ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the grazing behavior and the spatial distribution of feces of F1 young bulls from the cross between Nellore and Guzera on pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in silvopastoral systems composed of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region of the state of Maranhão. Animals were evaluated in four systems consisting of 0, 80, 131, 160 palms ha-1, characterizing monoculture (mono), low density of palm trees (LD), medium density of palm trees (MD) and high density of palm trees (HD) during the rainy (RE) and dry (DE) periods. Five animals (repetitions) were used in each system, with 231-303 days of age and 180±15 kg body weight. Determinations of behavioral patterns were made by instant sampling, at 10 min intervals. In each system, we demarcated 50 squares of 100 m2, which served as useful area to evaluate the dispersion of feces. The grazing behavior was influenced by the sward structure, which, in turn, was influenced by densities of palm trees, due to shading. The distribution of feces was affected by both the presence of babassu plantations and periods. The silvopastoral systems made the environment more pleasant to animals, since activities considered more stressful and avoided during the daytime were performed by animals of these environments, unlike animals in the monoculture system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013216.v1
title: Grazing behavior and spatial distribution of feces of Young bulls in silvopastoral systems and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region

description: ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the grazing behavior and the spatial distribution of feces of F1 young bulls from the cross between Nellore and Guzera on pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in silvopastoral systems composed of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region of the state of Maranhão. Animals were evaluated in four systems consisting of 0, 80, 131, 160 palms ha-1, characterizing monoculture (mono), low density of palm trees (LD), medium density of palm trees (MD) and high density of palm trees (HD) during the rainy (RE) and dry (DE) periods. Five animals (repetitions) were used in each system, with 231-303 days of age and 180±15 kg body weight. Determinations of behavioral patterns were made by instant sampling, at 10 min intervals. In each system, we demarcated 50 squares of 100 m2, which served as useful area to evaluate the dispersion of feces. The grazing behavior was influenced by the sward structure, which, in turn, was influenced by densities of palm trees, due to shading. The distribution of feces was affected by both the presence of babassu plantations and periods. The silvopastoral systems made the environment more pleasant to animals, since activities considered more stressful and avoided during the daytime were performed by animals of these environments, unlike animals in the monoculture system.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013217
title: Productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of quails fed with meal and canola oil

description: ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effect of canola meal and oil in quail diet on productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics. Quails (n = 84) with 150-days-of-age and average weight of 234±17 g were used in this experiment that lasted 84 days. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 7 replications with 3 birds each. Four diets were formulated: SM+SO - control diet with soybean meal and oil; MC+SO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal; MC+CO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and complete replacement of canola oil with soybean oil; SM+OC - control diet with soybean meal and canola oil. Productive performance, internal and external egg quality and bone characteristics were evaluated. The diet with canola meal and oil (MC+CO) decreased (p &lt;0.05) feed conversion. Albumen height was lower (p &lt; 0.05) for treatments with canola meal and oil (MC+CO). Regardless of the oil used, the dietary canola meal (MC+SO and MC+CO) reduced the weight and length of tibia (p &lt; 0.05), but increased its ash content (p &lt; 0.05). The mixture of canola oil and meal decreases feed conversion, and negatively affects internal egg quality and bone characteristics of quails.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20013217.v1
title: Productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of quails fed with meal and canola oil

description: ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effect of canola meal and oil in quail diet on productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics. Quails (n = 84) with 150-days-of-age and average weight of 234±17 g were used in this experiment that lasted 84 days. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 7 replications with 3 birds each. Four diets were formulated: SM+SO - control diet with soybean meal and oil; MC+SO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal; MC+CO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and complete replacement of canola oil with soybean oil; SM+OC - control diet with soybean meal and canola oil. Productive performance, internal and external egg quality and bone characteristics were evaluated. The diet with canola meal and oil (MC+CO) decreased (p &lt;0.05) feed conversion. Albumen height was lower (p &lt; 0.05) for treatments with canola meal and oil (MC+CO). Regardless of the oil used, the dietary canola meal (MC+SO and MC+CO) reduced the weight and length of tibia (p &lt; 0.05), but increased its ash content (p &lt; 0.05). The mixture of canola oil and meal decreases feed conversion, and negatively affects internal egg quality and bone characteristics of quails.