cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkk5
title: Summary data for plots in: Eco-evolutionary extinction and recolonization dynamics reduce genetic load and increase time to extinction in highly inbred populations

description: Understanding how genetic and ecological effects can interact to shape
 genetic loads within and across local populations is key to understanding
 ongoing persistence of systems that should otherwise be susceptible to
 extinction through mutational meltdown. Classic theory predicts short
 persistence times for metapopulations comprising small local populations
 with low connectivity, due to accumulation of deleterious mutations. Yet,
 some such systems have persisted over evolutionary time, implying the
 existence of mechanisms that allow metapopulations to avoid mutational
 meltdown. We first hypothesize a mechanism by which the combination of
 stochasticity in the numbers and types of mutations arising locally
 (genetic stochasticity), resulting in local extinction and recolonization
 through evolving dispersal, facilitates metapopulation persistence. We
 then test this mechanism using a spatially and genetically explicit
 individual-based model. We show that genetic stochasticity in highly
 structured metapopulations can result in local extinctions, which can
 favour increased dispersal, thus allowing recolonization of empty habitat
 patches. This causes fluctuations in metapopulation size and transient
 gene flow, which reduces genetic load and increases metapopulation
 persistence over evolutionary time. Our suggested mechanism and simulation
 results provide an explanation for the conundrum presented by the
 continued persistence of highly structured populations with inbreeding
 mating systems that occur in diverse taxa.
description: The data was produced by an individual-based simulation model
 implemented in C++ (full source code available at https://github.com/r02ap19/InbredMetapops/tree/master) and processed using R. 
description: Data files can be opened using Notepad, or opened as dataframes
 using R.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2q0
title: Resting metabolic rate of Sceloporus grammicus at intermediate and native elevations

description: Body maintenance energy requirements are measured as minimal metabolic
 rate (RMR) of inactive, postabsorptive individuals in the laboratory. For
 mountain-dwelling species, translocation to the laboratory can mean a
 change in elevation and thus oxygen pressure, which may affect metabolic
 rates. Here we present resting metabolic rate (RMR) of three populations
 of the Mesquite lizard (Sceloporus grammicus) at their native elevations
 (i.e., 2600, 3200 and 4100 m) and at an intermediate elevation (3100 m).
 Each lizard was tested at 15, 25, 30 and 35ºC. For each test RMR is given
 in VCO2 ml/min. Data also includes sex, snout vent length (SVL), body
 mass, and throat color morph.
description: We collected five male and five females lizards, Sceloporus
 grammicus, from three sites (i.e., 2600, 3200 and 4100 m) in April 2018
 and April 2019. To perform respirometry tests, in April 2018 lizards were
 transported to an intermediate elevation (i.e., 3200 m) and in 2019
 lizards were transported to a location at a similar elevation to their
 native elevation. Lizards were fasted for two days and then tested at 15,
 25, 30, and 35ºC. Tests for each population took place during two
 consecutive days, order of the tests was randomized. To measure resting
 metabolic rate, lizards were placed in a 50ml (in 2018) or 200 ml (in
 2019) metabolic chamber, placed in an incubator set at the experimental
 temperature. Metabolic measures were taken in an open flow respirometry
 system, pushing CO2-free and dry air at 100 ml/min (in 2018) and 200
 ml/min (in 2019) and measuring levels of excurrent CO2 using a FoxBox
 (Sable Systems International). VCO2 was measured during 20 min and the
 resting metabolic rate was determined as the lowest average CO2 production
 over an interval of 100 consecutive seconds.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.98sf7m0mn
title: Recordings from: Evaluation of a coastal acoustic buoy for cetacean detections, bearing accuracy, and exclusion zone monitoring

description: 1. There is strong socio-political support for offshore wind development
 in US territorial waters, and construction is planned off several east
 coast states. Some of the planned development sites coincide with
 important habitat for critically endangered North Atlantic right whales.
 Both exclusion zones and passive acoustic monitoring are important tools
 for managing interactions between marine mammals and human activities.
 Understanding where animals are with respect to exclusion zones is
 important to avoid costly construction delays while minimizing the
 potential for negative impacts. Impact piling from construction of
 hundreds of offshore wind turbines likely requires exclusion zones as
 large as 10 km. 2. We have developed a three-hydrophone passive acoustic
 monitoring system that provides bearing information along with marine
 mammal detections to allow for informed management decisions in real-time.
 Multiple units form a monitoring system designed to determine whether
 marine mammal calls originate from inside or outside of an exclusion zone.
 In October 2021 we undertook a full system validation, with a focus on
 evaluating the detection range and bearing accuracy of the system with
 respect to right whale upcalls. Five units were deployed in Mid-Atlantic
 waters and we played more than &gt;3,500 simulated right whale upcalls
 at known locations to characterize the detection function and bearing
 accuracy of each unit. The modeled results of the detection function error
 were then used to compare the effectiveness of a bearing-based system to a
 single sensor that can only detect a signal but not ascertain directivity.
 3. Field trials indicated maximum detection ranges from 4–7.3 km depending
 on source and ambient noise levels. Simulations showed that incorporating
 bearing detections provides a substantial improvement in false alarm rates
 (6 to 12 times depending on number of units, placement, and signal to
 noise conditions) for a small increase in the risk of missed detections
 inside of an exclusion zone (1–3%).  4. We show that the system
 can be used for monitoring exclusion zones and clearly highlight the value
 of including bearing estimation into exclusion zone monitoring plans while
 noting that placement and configuration of units should reflect
 anticipated ambient noise conditions.
description: Acoustic recordings were collected in accordance with the
 published work, "Evaluation of a coastal acoustic buoy for cetacean
 detections, bearing accuracy, and exclusion zone
 monitoring".
description: Data files are all stored as .wav. Data were processed with
 Pamguard software (www.pamguard.org).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3dm
title: Target cell-specific synaptic dynamics of excitatory to inhibitory neuron connections in supragranular layers of human neocortex

description: Rodent studies have demonstrated that synaptic dynamics from excitatory to
 inhibitory neuron types are often dependent on the target cell type.
 However, these target cell-specific properties have not been well
 investigated in human cortex, where there are major technical challenges
 in reliably obtaining healthy tissue, conducting multiple patch-clamp
 recordings on inhibitory cell types, and identifying those cell types.
 Here, we take advantage of newly developed methods for human neurosurgical
 tissue analysis with multiple patch-clamp
 recordings, post-hoc fluorescent in situ
 hybridization (FISH), machine learning-based cell type classification, and
 prospective GABAergic AAV-based labeling to investigate synaptic
 properties between pyramidal neurons and PVALB- vs. SST-positive
 interneurons. We find that there are robust molecular differences in
 synapse-associated genes between these neuron types, and that individual
 presynaptic pyramidal neurons evoke postsynaptic responses with
 heterogeneous synaptic dynamics in different postsynaptic cell types.
 Using molecular identification with FISH and classifiers based on
 transcriptomically identified PVALB neurons analyzed by Patch-seq, we find
 that PVALB neurons typically show depressing synaptic characteristics,
 whereas other interneuron types including SST-positive neurons show
 facilitating characteristics. Together, these data support the existence
 of target cell-specific synaptic properties in human cortex that are
 similar to rodents, thereby indicating evolutionary conservation of local
 circuit connectivity motifs from excitatory to inhibitory neurons and
 their synaptic dynamics.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5b5
title: Bird breeding season linked to sunshine hours in a marginally seasonal equatorial climate

description: The timing of reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life history, yet
 the breeding seasons of most birds of the world, i.e., those in the
 tropics, remain poorly understood. Here we use more than 3,000
 mist-netting records and 300,000 citizen scientist observations collected
 over six years to characterize the nesting, incubation, fledging, and
 juvenile stages of the breeding season on Singapore Island in Southeast
 Asia’s equatorial rainforest zone. The breeding season was compared with
 climate variables and food availability to identify possible proximate and
 ultimate causes. Breeding was seasonal and began just after the rainiest
 months of the year, when insect abundance was highest and when masting
 events were most likely to occur. While true photoperiod varied little
 throughout the year, overcast weather in November–December and sunnier
 weather in February–March caused average daily sunshine to increase by
 several hours at the onset of the breeding season in all six years. Our
 data suggest that subjective daily sunshine hours, which correlate with
 photoperiod at higher latitudes but not in the tropics, may be the actual
 proximate trigger of breeding activity in most of the world’s birds.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w6m905qs5
title: Dataset for: Influence of colour vision on attention to, and impression of, complex aesthetic images

description: Humans exhibit colour vision variations due to genetic polymorphisms, with
 trichromacy being the most common, while some people are classified as
 dichromats. Whether genetic differences in colour vision affect the way of
 viewing complex images remains unknown. Here, we investigated how people
 with different colour vision focused their gaze on aesthetic paintings by
 eye-tracking while freely viewing digital rendering of paintings and
 assessed individual impressions through a decomposition analysis of
 adjective ratings for the images. Gaze concentrated areas among
 trichromats were more highly correlated than those among dichromats.
 However, compared to the brief dichromatic experience with the simulated
 images, there was little effect of innate colour vision differences on
 impressions. These results indicate that chromatic information is
 instructive as a cue for guiding attention, whereas the impression of each
 person is generated according to their own sensory experience and
 normalised through one’s own colour space.
description: <strong>Gaze
 data</strong> Gaze data were acquired using Tobii Pro X2-60
 (Tobii Technology AB, Danderyd, Sweden) at a sampling rate of 60 Hz during
 a 30 s viewing of each painting.
 <strong>Impression
 data</strong> Impression data were obtained as ratings for
 23 adjective pairs after
 viewing each painting. The presentation of the stimulus images, control
 of the gaze measurement device, and data acquisition were performed using
 a custom program in Psychtoolbox3, which was run in MATLAB (Mathworks,
 Natick, MA, USA).
description: Codes with extension "m" require
 the MATLAB environment. Codes with the extension "R" require the
 R statistical environment. Different versions of MATLAB and R may affect
 the codes. Octave can be used as
 an open-source alternative to MATLAB; however, its operation is not
 guaranteed.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqn3
title: Different types of semi-natural habitat are required to sustain diverse wild bee communities across agricultural landscapes

description: 1. Semi-natural habitats provide important resources for wild bees in
 agricultural landscapes. Landscapes under management are dynamic and
 floral resources fluctuate in space and time. Thus, promoting different
 semi-natural habitat types within landscapes could be key to support
 diverse bee meta-communities throughout the season. 2. Here, we integrate
 analyses of a-diversity (species richness) and b-diversity and
 species-habitat networks to examine the relative contribution of all major
 semi-natural habitats to wild bee meta-communities in agricultural
 landscapes. We sampled extensively and conventionally managed meadows,
 flower strips, hedgerows and forest edges in spring, early and late summer
 in 25 landscapes in Switzerland. 3. Habitat types varied in their
 importance for wild bees throughout the season: While extensively managed
 meadows supported more rare species, habitat specialists and bee species
 overall than the other habitat types, flower strips were most important
 later in the season. Each of the five investigated habitat types harboured
 relatively unique sets of species with different habitats generally acting
 as distinct modules in the overall bee-habitat network. 4. Not only flower
 richness in a habitat per se, but also flower-habitat network properties
 (habitat strength and functional complementarity) were good predictors of
 wild bee richness. In addition to local floral richness, landscape
 composition and configuration interactively influenced b-diversity
 patterns across habitats. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study
 highlights the value of pollinator-habitat network analysis to inform
 pollinator conservation management at the landscape scale, especially when
 combined with information on floral resources and flower-habitat networks.
 Maintaining different types of semi-natural habitats offers diverse and
 complementary resources throughout the season, which are crucial to
 sustain diverse wild bee meta-communities in agricultural landscapes.
 Particularly meadow extensification schemes can play a key role in
 safeguarding rare and specialist species in these landscapes. While
 locally a high flower richness promoted bee abundance and richness in
 general, our results indicate that increasing connectivity between habitat
 patches in landscapes dominated by arable crops appears to improve species
 exchange between local bee communities of different habitats, thereby
 possibly increasing their resilience to disturbances.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uyftjp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 233461 records in GBIF matching the query:
SELECT
 '473' AS fish_cell,
 GBIF_MGRSCode(1000, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, 0) AS cell, -- NO randomization
 COUNT(DISTINCT speciesKey) AS species_richness
 FROM occurrence
 WHERE hasCoordinate = TRUE
 AND speciesKey IS NOT NULL
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'ZERO_COORDINATE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_OUT_OF_RANGE')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COORDINATE_INVALID')
 AND NOT ARRAY_CONTAINS(issue, 'COUNTRY_COORDINATE_MISMATCH')
 AND decimalLatitude &gt;= 46.479780028101516
 AND decimalLatitude &lt;= 51.21395264452012
 AND decimalLongitude &gt;= 6.294398091796208
 AND decimalLongitude &lt;= 13.362876032781879
 AND "year" &gt;= 2015
 AND "year" &lt;= 2026
 AND (coordinateUncertaintyInMeters &lt;= 100 OR coordinateUncertaintyInMeters IS NULL)
 GROUP BY fish_cell, cell

 The dataset's 233461 records were derived from 507 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003183-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ksn02v778
title: Comparative molecular and morphological species delineation of Halammohydra Remane, 1927 (Hydrozoa) – with description of four new species

description: Whereas most cnidarians are macrofaunal, a few microscopic lineages have
 evolved and some of them inhabit marine sediments. The meiofaunal genus
 with the most species is Halammohydra, comprising nine nominal species.
 Species are described with high intraspecific variability in e.g., number
 of tentacles and statocysts and the shape and length of tentacles and
 body, complicating morphological identification to species level.
 Additionally, there is not much molecular data available. This study aims
 to revise already described species with morphological and molecular
 methods, as well as, to delineate potential new species answering
 questions about their geographical distribution. For this, specimens were
 sampled at 16 locations in the Northwest Atlantic and two localities in
 the East Atlantic, documented with light microscopy and fixed individually
 for sequencing (16S, 18S and CO1). Herewith morphological characters were
 linked to a specific sequence, enabling testing of character variation
 within one molecular phylogenetic group. Phylogenetic analyses were
 conducted (Bayesian Interference and Maximum Likelihood) in combination
 with species delimitation tests (ABGD, GMYC and bPTP). Four already
 described species were identified in the data sets, and all of these were
 found at multiple localities. Four new species are described. Overall, the
 combined molecular and morphological data acquisition revealed multiple
 new species and a high degree of sympatry in Halammohydra. This, together
 with the confirmed excessive intraspecific variation in morphological
 traits, underlines the necessity of molecular sequencing for taxonomy and
 species identification of Halammohydra.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15f48
title: Pollinator efficiency of avocado (Persea americana) flower insect visitors

description: Pollination services from insects are important for higher yield and
 better fruit quality in avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Measuring
 pollinator effectiveness is significant for capturing the relative
 contributions of different insect taxa to pollination services and for
 identification of the most important pollinators of this globally
 important crop. In the present study, we tested pollinator efficiency of
 avocado in Kenya based on pollen deposition after single visits of flowers
 by different pollinator species and visitation frequency. We monitored the
 pollination frequency during the flowering period replicated across six
 farms. Three trees were selected per farm, each with five flower panicles.
 Out of the 14 observed insect flower visitor species, pollen deposition
 efficiency was highest in the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.),
 followed by the hover fly species (Phytomia incisa W.). These two species
 had both the highest pollen deposition and pollen grain loads on their
 bodies. Furthermore, A. mellifera was the most frequent avocado flower
 visitor followed by Diptera except hoverflies. Our results imply that A.
 mellifera can be managed to achieve adequate pollination services for
 avocado, particularly in areas lacking efficient wild pollinators.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhgf
title: The evolution of sexually dimorphic traits in ecological gradients: An interplay between natural and sexual selection in hummingbirds

description: Traits that exhibit differences between the sexes have been of special
 interest in the study of phenotypic evolution. Classic hypotheses explain
 sexually dimorphic traits via intrasexual competition and mate selection,
 yet natural selection may also act differentially on the sexes to produce
 dimorphism. Natural selection can act either through physiological and
 ecological constraints on one of the sexes or by modulating the strength
 of sexual/social selection. This predicts an association between the
 degree of dimorphism and variation in ecological environments. Here, we
 characterise the variation in hummingbird dimorphism across ecological
 gradients using rich databases of morphology, colouration, and song. We
 show that morphological dimorphism decreases with elevation in the
 understorey and increases with elevation in mixed habitats, that
 dichromatism increases at high altitudes in open and mixed habitats, and
 that song is less complex in mixed habitats. Our results are consistent
 with flight constraints, lower predation pressure at high elevations, and
 with habitat effects on song transmission. We also show that dichromatism
 and song complexity are positively associated, while tail dimorphism and
 song complexity are negatively associated. Our results demonstrate that
 key ecological factors shape sexually dimorphic traits and that different
 communication modalities do not always evolve in tandem.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2jm63xssd
title: Density and characteristics of tree cavities inside and outside Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

description: Tree cavities, formed by animal excavation or processes of fungal decay
 and mechanical damage, may provide nesting, roosting, or resting
 opportunities to many invertebrate and vertebrate species. Although cavity
 availability has been linked to patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem
 functioning elsewhere, there have been few such studies in the
 Afrotropics. Here, we present a baseline survey of cavity availability
 inside the high elevation (2,200–3,714 m) Afromontane forest ecosystems of
 Volcanoes National Park (VNP), Rwanda. We aimed to provide such reference
 data in the form of summary statistics on cavity density and
 characteristics in a collection of 400 m2 plots that together cover 8.8 ha
 inside and 0.68 ha outside VNP. We also explored the relative importance
 of fungal decay vs. excavators in the formation of cavities, tested for
 the relative role of standing dead trees and living trees as cavity
 substrates, considered differences in diameter and height between
 cavity-bearing trees and trees without cavities, determined the
 orientation of cavity entrances, and tested whether cavity density varies
 across elevation. We found 109 cavities in 52 cavity-bearing trees
 (dominated by Hagenia abyssinica) inside VNP, for a density of 12.4
 cavities and 5.9 cavity-bearing trees per hectare, and none outside the
 park. More cavities were decay-formed (n = 90) than excavated (n = 19) and
 though most cavities were found in living trees (n = 44) the number of
 cavities in dead trees (n = 8) was high relative to dead tree substrate
 availability. We also found that cavity-bearing trees were larger than
 those without cavities, that excavated cavities were predominantly
 oriented towards the southeast and decay-formed cavities to the northeast,
 and that cavity density peaked near ~3,000 m. Our results show that large
 and dead trees of particular species are important cavity substrates that
 need to be given attention in conservation and management as is clearly
 illustrated by the lack of cavities in the highly managed Eucalyptus
 stands outside VNP.