cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280s8
title: East African countries' data on late initiation of antenatal care

description: Background: Early antenatal care is critical for the mother and newborn’s
 health. Antenatal care is often delayed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study
 aims to examine the trends and determinants of late antenatal care
 initiation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Tanzania from
 2007 to 2016. Methods: The study employed Demographic Health Surveys data
 of reproductive-age women seeking antenatal care in the Democratic
 Republic of Congo (2007-2013/14), Kenya (2008-2014), and Tanzania
 (2010-2015/16). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted per
 survey, taking sampling weights into account. The determinants of late
 antenatal care initiation were measured using multivariate logistic
 regression models and the trends were assessed using prediction scores.
 Results: Late antenatal care initiation declined in Tanzania (60.9%-49.8%)
 and Kenya (67.8%-60.5%) but increased in the Democratic Republic of Congo
 (56.8%-61.0%) between surveys. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, higher
 birth order was associated with antenatal care initiation delays from 2007
 to 2014, whilst rural residency (AOR:1.28;95%CI:1.09-1.52), lower maternal
 education (AOR:1.29;95%CI:1.13-1.47) and lower-income households
 (AOR:1.30;95%CI:1.08-1.55) were linked to antenatal care initiation delays
 in 2014. In Kenya, lower maternal education and lower-income households
 were associated with antenatal care initiation delays from 2008 to 2014,
 whilst rural residency (AOR:1.24;95%CI:1.11-1.38) and increased birth
 order (AOR:1.12; 95%CI:1.01-1.28) were linked to antenatal care initiation
 delays in 2014. In Tanzania, higher birth order and larger households were
 linked to antenatal care initiation delays from 2010 to 2016, whilst
 antenatal care initiation delays were associated with lower maternal
 education (OR:1.51;95%CI:1.16-1.97) in 2010 and lower-income households
 (OR:1.45;95%CI:1.20-1.72) in 2016. Conclusion: Except for the Democratic
 Republic of Congo, the sub-region is making progress in reducing antenatal
 care delays. Women from various geographic, educational, parity, and
 economic groups exhibited varying levels of delayed antenatal care uptake.
 Increasing women’s access to information platforms and strengthening
 initiatives that enhance female education, household incomes, and
 localised services may enhance early antenatal care utilisation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpmv
title: Community trust of government and non-governmental organizations during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia - survey responses

description: The West African Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2014-16 cost more than
 11,000 lives. Interventions targeting key behaviors to curb transmission,
 such as safe funeral practices and reporting and isolating the ill, were
 initially unsuccessful in a climate of fear, mistrust, and denial.
 Building trust was eventually recognized as essential to epidemic response
 and prioritized, and trust was seen to improve toward the end of the
 epidemic as incidence fell. However, little is understood about how and
 why trust changed during Ebola, what factors were most influential to
 community trust, and how different institutions might have been perceived
 under different levels of exposure to the outbreak. In this large-N
 household survey conducted in Liberia in 2018, we measured self-reported
 trust over time retrospectively in three different communities with
 different exposures to Ebola. We found trust was consistently higher for
 non-governmental organizations than for the government of Liberia across
 all time periods. Trust reportedly decreased significantly from the start
 to the peak of the epidemic in the study site of highest Ebola incidence.
 This finding, in combination with a negative association found between
 knowing someone infected and trust of both iNGOs and the government,
 indicates the experience of Ebola may have itself caused a decline of
 trust in the community. These results suggest that national governments
 should aim to establish trust when engaging communities to change behavior
 during epidemics. Further research on the relationship between trust and
 epidemics may serve to improve epidemic response efficacy and behavior
 uptake.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.x9z9bu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 643 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((105 20,170 20,170 70,105 70,105 20))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Vaccinium microcarpum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 643 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003022-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kd51c5b77
title: Data on monitoring the formation of chemical cocktails in urban streams in response to Freshwater Salinization Syndrome

description: Data include the concentration of base cations and nutrients over time and
 over space in urban streams near the University of Maryland campus in
 College Park, Maryland, USA. Data were collected longitudinally along
 streams and over 24-hour time periods. Data on the retention and release
 of base cations and trace elements were also collected through incubation
 experiments.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm1d
title: Genetic variation in leaf traits and gas exchange response to vapor pressure deficit in two contrasting conifer species

description: 1. Mechanistically predicting the evolutionary response of tree species to
 climate change requires an understanding of genetic variation in relevant
 traits. Here we compared the phenotypic and genetic variation in the Leaf
 Economics Spectrum (LES) traits and the response of gas exchange to vapor
 pressure deficit (VPD) in lodgepole pine (Pico) and white spruce (Pigl),
 an early and a late successional species dominating the boreal forests of
 western Canada. 2. We measured gas exchange, foliar nitrogen, and lamina
 mass to area ratio in 697 app. 30-year-old trees in two field progeny
 trials. We analyzed the response of gas exchange rates to VPD using a
 novel quantitative genetic model, the function-valued trait approach. 3.
 Pico showed greater phenotypic variation in the LES traits and greater
 genetic variation in photosynthetic rate than Pigl, but the species showed
 no significant difference in their phenotypic correlations between the LES
 traits. Pico showed a less sensitive stomatal response to VPD than Pigl
 and no significant genetic variation in stomatal sensitivity. In contrast,
 Pigl showed a positive correlation between the genetic values of stomatal
 sensitivity to VPD and stomatal conductance under low VPD. 4. Our study
 region is projected to see an increase in VPD with climate change; the
 less sensitive and genetically diverse stomatal response to VPD in Pico
 could make this species more vulnerable to climate change-induced
 droughts.
DOI: 10.25338/b8ch1f
title: Leveraging spatial patterns in precipitation forecasts using deep learning to support risk-averse flood management

description: Short-term forecasts of heavy precipitation are critical to regional flood
 control operations, particularly in the Western U.S. where atmospheric
 rivers can be predicted reliably days in advance. However, spatial error
 in these forecasts may reduce their utility for risk-averse system
 operations, where false negatives could be especially costly. Here we
 investigate whether deep learning methods can leverage spatial patterns in
 precipitation forecasts to (1) improve the skill of predicting the
 occurrence of heavy precipitation events in a target region at lead times
 from 1-14 days, and (2) balance the tradeoff between the rate of false
 negatives and false positives (misses and false alarms) by modifying the
 discrimination threshold of the classifiers. This approach is demonstrated
 for the Sacramento River Basin, California, using the Global Ensemble
 Forecast System (GEFS) v2 precipitation fields as input to convolutional
 neural network (CNN) models. Results show that the deep learning models do
 not significantly improve the overall skill (F1 score) relative to the
 bias-corrected ensemble mean GEFS forecast. However, the models often
 correct missed predictions from GEFS by compensating for spatial error at
 longer lead times. Additionally, the deep learning models provide the
 ability to adjust the rate of false negatives based on a desired level of
 risk aversion, with the tradeoff of increasing the false positive rate.
 Finally, analysis of the network activations (saliency) indicates spatial
 patterns consistent with physical understanding of atmospheric river
 events in this region, lending additional confidence in the ability of the
 method to support flood management.
description: See README.md
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6djh9w12w
title: Adaptation to a bacterial pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster is not aided by sexual selection

description: Theory predicts that sexual selection should aid adaptation to novel
 environments, but empirical support for this idea is limited. Pathogens
 are a major driver of host evolution and, unlike abiotic selection
 pressures, undergo epidemiological and co-evolutionary cycles with the
 host involving adaptation and counteradaptation. Because of this,
 populations harbor ample genetic variation underlying immunity and the
 opportunity for sexual selection based on condition-dependent “good genes”
 is expected to be large. In this study, we evolved populations of
 Drosophila melanogaster in a 2-way factorial design manipulating sexual
 selection and pathogen presence, using a gram-negative insect pathogen
 Pseudomonas entomophila, for 14 generations. We then examined how the
 presence of sexual selection and the pathogen, as well as any potential
 interaction, affected the evolution of pathogen resistance. We found
 increased resistance to P. entomophila in populations that evolved under
 pathogen pressure, driven primarily by increased female survival after
 infection despite selection for resistance acting only on males over the
 course of experimental evolution. This result suggests that the genetic
 basis of resistance is in part shared between the sexes. We did not find
 any evidence of sexual selection aiding adaptation to pathogen, however, a
 finding contrary to the predictions of “good genes” theory. Our results
 therefore provide no support for a role for sexual selection in the
 evolution of immunity in this experimental system.
description: The data set includes a. observations of death and survival upon
 infection of D. melanogaster lines with the intestinal pathogen
 <em>P. entomophila</em> b. bacterial load in <em>D.
 melanogaster</em> females after infection with <em>P.
 entomophila</em> and c. count data of offspring number from
 competitive mating success of wild type and flies with a
 mutation.
description: Please refer to the manuscript for more details or readMe
 files.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x5d
title: Data from: Estimating bee abundance: Can mark-recapture methods validate common sampling protocols?

description: Wild bees can be essential pollinators in natural, agricultural, and urban
 systems, but populations of some species have declined. Efforts to assess
 the status of wild bees are hindered by uncertainty in common sampling
 methods, such as pan traps and aerial netting, which may or may not
 provide a valid index of abundance across species and habitats.
 Mark-recapture methods are a common and effective means of estimating
 population size, widely used in vertebrates but rarely applied to bees.
 Here we review existing mark-recapture studies of wild bees and present a
 new case study comparing mark-recapture population estimates to pan trap
 and net capture for four taxa in a wild bee community. Net, but not trap,
 capture was correlated with abundance estimates across sites and taxa.
 Logistical limitations ensure that mark-recapture studies will not fully
 replace other bee sampling methods, but they do provide a feasible way to
 monitor selected species and measure the performance of other sampling
 methods.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2fr7s
title: Speciation hypotheses from phylogeographic delimitation yield an integrative taxonomy for Seal Salamanders (Desmognathus monticola)

description: Significant advances have been made in species delimitation and numerous
 methods can test precisely defined models of speciation, though the
 synthesis of phylogeography and taxonomy is still sometimes incomplete.
 Emerging consensus treats distinct genealogical clusters in genome-scale
 data as strong initial evidence of speciation in most cases; a hypothesis
 that must therefore be falsified under an explicit evolutionary model. We
 can now test speciation hypotheses linking trait differentiation to
 specific mechanisms of divergence with increasingly large datasets.
 Integrative taxonomy can therefore reflect an understanding of how each
 axis of variation relates to underlying speciation processes, with
 nomenclature for distinct evolutionary lineages. We illustrate this
 approach here with Seal Salamanders (Desmognathus monticola) and introduce
 a new unsupervised machine-learning approach for species delimitation.
 Plethodontid salamanders are renowned for their morphological conservatism
 despite extensive phylogeographic divergence. We discover two geographic
 genetic clusters, for which demographic and spatial models of ecology and
 gene flow provide robust support for ecogeographic speciation despite
 limited phenotypic divergence. These data are integrated under
 evolutionary mechanisms (e.g., spatially localized gene flow with reduced
 migration) and reflected in emergent properties expected under models of
 reinforcement (e.g., ethological isolation and selection against hybrids).
 Their genetic divergence is prima facie evidence for species-level
 distinctiveness, supported by speciation models and divergence along axes
 such as behavior, geography, and climate that suggest an ecological basis
 with subsequent reinforcement through prezygotic isolation. As datasets
 grow more comprehensive, species delimitation models can be tested,
 rejected, or corroborated as explicit speciation hypotheses, providing for
 reciprocal illumination of evolutionary processes and integrative
 taxonomies.
description: GBS data to generate SNPs - seal_in_c90 Linear
 morphometrics  - seal_morph Mitochondrial data -
 monticola_181_named.fasta, monticola_181_named.part
 Spot count data - monticola_spot_count.csv
description: Analyses were performed on the seal_in.str file, not the NEXUS
 alignment. Morphology data are in CSV format.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1vhhmgzg
title: The data of parasite-induced and spontaneous displays in each limb movement for calling males, silent males and males that have females nearby

description: Many animals rely on complex sexual signals that target multiple senses to
 attract mates and repel rivals. These multimodal mating displays can
 however also attract unintended receivers, which can be an important
 driver of signal complexity. Despite being taxonomically widespread, we
 often lack insight into how multimodal signals evolve from unimodal
 signals and in particular what roles unintended eavesdroppers play. Here
 we assess whether the physical movements of parasite defense behavior
 increase the complexity and attractiveness of an acoustic sexual signal in
 the little torrent frog (Amolops torrentis). Calling males of this species
 often display limb movements in order to defend against blood-sucking
 parasites such as frog-biting midges that eavesdrop on their acoustic
 signal. Through mate choice tests we show that some of these midge-evoked
 movements influence female preference for acoustic signals. Our data
 suggest that midge-induced movements may be incorporated into a sexual
 display, targeting both hearing and vision in the intended receiver.
 Females may play an important role in incorporating these multiple
 components because they prefer signals which combine multiple programs.
 Our results thus help to understand the relationship between ecological
 and sexual selection pressure operating on signalers and how in turn this
 may influence multimodal signal evolution.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mw6m905z7
title: Data on nest choices by long-tailed tit helpers

description: Cooperative breeding sometimes occurs when adult breeders form groups
 following natal dispersal and mating. In such cases, individuals typically
 face a choice of potential social partner with whom to cooperate.
 Selection of appropriate social partners is crucial to maximising the
 fitness payoffs from cooperation, but our understanding of the criteria
 guiding social partner choice is limited. Here, we analyse helping
 decisions by long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), which may redirect
 their care to assist breeders in raising offspring following the failure
 of their own breeding attempts. In this species, helpers show a preference
 for helping relatives at nearby nests, but it is unclear whether other
 criteria that may affect helper fitness are also important in helping
 decisions. Contrary to expectations, when controlling for kinship, we
 found that helping decisions were not sensitive to the size or age of
 broods available to be helped. Individuals were, however, more likely to
 help broods that were closer to their own failed nesting attempts and that
 were already being cared for by other helpers. Both effects likely reflect
 the limited choice available to helpers: although individuals breed close
 to relatives within kin neighbourhoods, a high rate of nest predation
 constrains helpers’ choice of broods. In other species where
 cooperatively-breeding groups form after natal dispersal, a greater range
 of options may be available and here more detailed analysis of group
 formation will be helpful for determining the decision rules that underpin
 partner choice and permit stable cooperation in the face of alternative
 options.
description: These data are a subset of a larger dataset collected over the
 course of a long-term (27-year) study of the ecology and behaviour of
 long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmh2
title: Pacific Parasites Data - Life history mediates the association between parasite abundance and geographic features

description: 1. Though parasites are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems, predicting the
 abundance of parasites present within marine ecosystems has proven
 challenging due to the unknown effects of multiple interacting
 environmental gradients and stressors. Furthermore, parasites often are
 considered as a uniform group within ecosystems despite their significant
 diversity. 2. We aim to determine the potential importance of multiple
 predictors of parasite abundance in coral reef ecosystems, including reef
 area, island area, human population density, chlorophyll-a, host
 diversity, coral cover, host abundance, and island isolation. 3. Using a
 model selection approach within a database of more than 1200 individual
 fish hosts and their parasites from 11 islands within the Pacific Line
 Islands archipelago, we reveal that geographic gradients, including island
 area and island isolation, emerged as the best predictors of parasite
 abundance. 4. Life history moderated the relationship; parasites with
 complex life cycles increased in abundance with increasing island
 isolation, while parasites with direct life cycles decreased with
 increasing isolation. Direct life cycle parasites increased in abundance
 with increasing island area, though complex life cycle parasite abundance
 was not associated with island area. 5. This novel analysis of a unique
 dataset indicates that parasite abundance in marine systems cannot be
 predicted precisely without accounting for the independent and interactive
 effects of each parasite’s life history and environmental conditions.
description: data_point - Number of the individual data point count - Count of parasite abundance fish_abundance_average_byisland - Fish abundance- standardized trans - Transmission type tract - Reef Tract count_id - ID of each count fish_unique_code - Code of each fish island - Island human_populaton - Human population - standardized fish_sp - Fish species fish_diversity - Fish diversity - standardized  coral_cover - Percentage benthic cover from corals - standardized island_chla - Island level chlorophyll a concentration - standardized island_distance - Island distance to nearest land - standardized island_area - Island Area - standardized para_unique - Parasite ID unique to each fish species length - Fish length standardized within fish species reef_area - Reef area not including island area- standardized
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m97q
title: Genetic admixture and population structure analysis of Indian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using STR markers

description: We generated genetic diversity data for 10 different buffalo populations
 of India using 20 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The buffalo
 populations of Odisha were the primary focus, viz. Chilika,
 Paralakhemundi, Kalahandi, Sambhalpuri, and Manda. The total observed
 number of alleles ranged between 143 (Manda) and 301 (Paralakhemundi) with
 an average of 204 alleles per breed. The minimal spanning network based on
 Bruvo's distance, PCA based on the Fst values, and genetic admixture
 analysis using both the STRUCTURE and 'snapclust' could identify
 the Manda population distinct from other Odisha buffalo breeds as well as
 Chhattisgarhi buffalo breed. The Sambhalpuri buffalo population also
 clustered into two separate subpopulations, half of the unique
 sub-population located geographically south-wards displayed no admixture
 with any of the adjacent buffalo populations. The Sambhalpuri population
 requires elaborate analysis to confirm the existence of two distinct
 sub-populations and if they could be recognized as separate breeds. The
 limited number of sires in the Manda population has resulted in excess of
 heterozygosity. Furthermore, the Manda population is left with very little
 allelic richness and this poses a huge threat to the population's
 existence. In another way, the study has led to the identification of the
 Manda buffalo as a distinct population, and the germplasm has been
 registered based on the study.