DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf227
title: Phylogeography of a widely distributed plant species reveals cryptic genetic lineages with parallel phenotypic responses to warming and drought conditions

description: To predict how widely distributed species will perform under future
 climate change it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying
 phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and
 its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely
 distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high
 adaptability. To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed
 species, we sampled the model plant Silene vulgaris across Europe. In a
 greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a
 climate-change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population
 structure through whole genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two
 temperature (18°C, 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65 mm, 75 mm, 90
 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity related traits. To
 reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for
 a whole genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in S.
 vulgaris from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European
 populations, one cluster of Western European populations and another
 cluster containing Central European populations. Population genetic
 diversity decreased with increasing latitude and a Mantel test revealed
 significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as
 between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed
 that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass-related traits
 and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel
 response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the
 differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic
 plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely
 distributed species S. vulgaris and its intraspecific genetic lineages.
description: traitsgreenhouse_final_Dryad.txt is raw data of plant traits that
 have been measured on offspring plants grown in the greenhouse from open
 pollinated plants collected at the stated sites. 
 matrix_worldclim.txt contains the data acquired from the
 WorldClim database from 1970–2000 (Fick and Hijmans, 2017) for sites of
 the open ollinated plants.  sumstat_final_2020.txt and
 matrix_fst_final contain the genetic data (summary statistics) acquired
 via ddRAD sequencing and calculated via STACKS
 <i>(v.2.4</i>)
description: traitsgreenhouse_final_Dryad.txt contains the raw data of plant
 traits measured as described above. Abbreviations: ID: plant identifier,
 dtg: days to germination, dtf: days to flowering, Sex: sex of the
 individuals, HI: first height measurement, HII: final hight measuremnt of
 flowering plants, BM: dry biomass, f: number of flowers, b: number of
 branches, l: number of leaves, Svvl: Survival, germ: germination, flow,
 flowering, la: leaf area, lm: leaf mass, sla: specific leaf area, lround:
 shape of the leaf, lperi: leaf perimeter, Popsize: population size,
 Mother: mother plant, Pop: population, clust2021: genetic gluster
 correspondence to STRUCTURE analysis, Elev: elevation of population, Lat:
 latitude of population, Trtmnt: Treatment in greenhouse experiment, Prec:
 precipitation treatment in greenhouse experiment,
 Temp: temperature treatment in greenhouse experiment, Tray_grad:
 arrangement of trays (with plant pots) in the greenhouse, Tray_ind:
 individual tray number (with plant pots) in the greenhouse.
 matrix_worldclim.txt - abbreviations of content: bio_1: annual
 mean temperature, bio_2: mean diurnal range (mean of monthly (max temp -
 min temp)), bio_3: isothermality (bio_2/bio_7), bio_4: temperature
 seasonality (standard deviation), bio_5: maximum temperature warmest
 month, bio_6: minimum temperature coldest month, bio_7: temperature annual
 range (bio_5-bio_6), bio_8: mean temperature of wettest quarter, bio_9:
 mean temperature of driest quarter, bio_10: mean temperature of warmest
 quarter, bio_11: mean temperature of coldest quarter. All temperature
 variables are in °C. bio_12: annual mean precipitation, bio_13:
 precipitation wettest month, bio_14: precipitation driest month, bio_15:
 precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation), bio_16:
 precipitation wettest quarter, bio_17: precipitation driest quarter,
 bio_18: precipitation warmest quarter, bio_19: precipitation coldest
 quarter, s_rad: solar radiation in kJ/(m²*d), w_sp: wind speed in
 m*s<sup>-1</sup>, w_v_pr: water vapor pressure in kPa. All
 precipitation variables are in mm.
 sumstat_final_2020.txt - abbreviations: Fis: inbreeding
 coefficient, Pi: nucleotide diversity, He: expected heterozygosity, Ho:
 observed heterozygosity matrix_fst_final - the
 abbeviations stand for the different populations of sampled
 <em>Silene vulgaris</em> populations. The file contains a
 matrix of their interpopulation component Fst