DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xgxd254mj
title: The impact of market integration on the digital divide: An analysis based on the heterogeneous effect of innovation resource synergy

description: Resource market reforms have provided opportunities for reducing the
 digital divide (DD). In this study, we analyzed the theoretical mechanism
 of the impact of market integration (MI) on DD and the intermediary role
 of innovation resource (IR) synergy. Data from 271 cities in China were
 collected, and the DEA–Malmquist index and Thiel index were utilized to
 quantify DD among these cities during 2011–2019. The intermediary effect
 and SDM models were adopted for an empirical analysis. The results showed
 that (1) MI had a negative effect on DD in addition to significant spatial
 spillover effects. MI widened DD in the local city but narrowed the same
 in the adjacent cities. (2) IR synergy exerted positive intermediary
 effects, which were heterogeneous. Through human resource synergy, MI
 narrowed DD, through knowledge synergy, MI widened DD, and through the
 R&D capital synergy, MI did not significantly influence DD. (3)
 There was no significant spatial spillover effect of the intermediary role
 of IR synergy.
description: For the selection of spatial scope,
 missing data were excluded from the national list of cities, resulting in
 271 cities. Most empirical data were sourced from the <em>China
 Statistical Yearbook, China Science and Technology Statistical
 Yearbook</em>, the statistical yearbooks of provinces (municipals
 and districts) and cities, the web of Mark Data
 (https://www.macrodatas.cn/). The expedition period was between the year
 2011 to 2019 owing to the availability of data.    
 <strong>Type of
 variable</strong> 
 <strong>Variable</strong> 
 <strong>Index</strong>
 <strong>Proxy
 Variables</strong> 
 <strong>Data source</strong> 
 Dependent variable
 Variables for measuring the efficiency of
 DE Input: Labor
 Number of employees in information
 transmission, computer services, and software industries
 The <em>China Statistical
 Yearbook</em> 
   
   Output: Total telecom
 services revenue Total telecom
 services revenue The webpage of
 Mark Data 
    
 Output: DE output 
 DE index The
 webpage of Mark Data 
   
 DE efficiency Total
 factor productivity Total factor
 productivity /
  
 DD 
 Thiel index Thiel
 index / 
 Intermediary variable
 Degree of intercity IR
 collaboration R&D fund
 synergy value R&D fund
 synergy value <em>China
 Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook</em>
  
   
 HR synergy value HR
 synergy value <em>China
 Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook</em>
  
   
 Knowledge synergy value 
 Knowledge synergy value 
 <em>China Science and Technology Statistical
 Yearbook</em> 
   
   composite synergy
 index of IRs Composite synergy
 index of IRs /
 Independent
 variable MI
 MI Index 
 MI Index /
 Control
 variable Economic
 openness Trade
 Total import and export trade (100 million
 yuan) The <em>China
 Statistical Yearbook</em> 
   
   Investment
 transactions Foreign capital
 level: Actual amount of foreign capital used (USD 10,000)
 The <em>China Statistical
 Yearbook</em> 
   
    
 Number of foreign enterprises: Number of
 foreign direct investment enterprises 
 The <em>China Statistical Yearbook</em>
  
   
 Factor flow Freight
 volume (10,000 tons) The
 <em>China Statistical Yearbook</em> 
   
   
   Passenger traffic
 volume (10,000 tons) The
 <em>China Statistical Yearbook</em> 
   
 Transaction system quality 
 Market stability maintenance capability
 Ratio of the number of employees in public
 management and social organizations to the total population (%)
 The <em>China Statistical
 Yearbook</em> 
   Industrial
 coordination degree Advanced
 industrial structure Ratio of
 tertiary industry output value to secondary industry output value
 (%) The <em>China
 Statistical Yearbook</em> 
   
 Urbanization level 
 Social urbanization 
 Lighting index of urbanization level 
 The Harvard Dataverse 
   
 Innovation environment 
 R&D personnel input 
 Number of full-time teachers in ordinary colleges and
 universities (per person) The
 <em>China Statistical Yearbook</em>
description: \===================== Provenance for this README
 \-------------------------- \* File name: README.txt \* Authors: Shujuan
 Wu \* Other contributors: Jinting Li, Daqian Huang, Jianhua Xiao \* Date
 created: 2023-07-03 \* Date modified: 2024-01-28 Dataset Version and
 Release History \----------------------------------- \* Current Version:
 \* Number: 1.0.0 \* Date: 2024-01-28 \* Persistent identifier:
 \* Summary of changes: n/a
 \* Embargo Provenance: n/a \* Scope of embargo: n/a \* Embargo period: n/a
 Dataset Attribution and Usage \----------------------------- \* Dataset
 Title: Data for the article "The impact of market integration on the
 digital divide: An analysis based on the heterogeneous effect of
 innovation resource synergy" \* Persistent Identifier:
 \* Dataset Contributors:
 \* Creators: Shujuan Wu, Jinting Li, Daqian Huang, Jianhua Xiao \* Date of
 Issue: 2024- \* Publisher: Princeton University \* License: Use of these
 data is covered by the following license: \* Title: \* Specification: \*
 Suggested Citations: \* Dataset citation: Wu, Shujuan (Forthcoming 2024).
 The impact of market integration on the digital divide: An analysis based
 on the heterogeneous effect of innovation resource synergy [Dataset].
 Dryad. \* Corresponding
 publication: Wu SJ, Li JT, Huang DQ and Xiao JH. 2022. The impact of
 market integration on the digital divide: An analysis based on the
 heterogeneous effect of innovation resource synergy. Accepted. Contact
 Information \------------------- \* Name: Shujuan Wu \* Affiliations:
 Economy and Management College, Wuyi University \* ORCID ID:
 \* Email:
 \* Alternate Email:
 \* Address: e-mail preferred \* Contributor
 ORCID IDs: \* Shujuan Wu: \-
 - - Additional Dataset Metadata \===========================
 Acknowledgements \---------------- \* Funding sources: The 2021 General
 Project of Guangdong Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning*, Award:
 GD21CYJ28 The 13th Five-year plan of Educational Science in Guangdong
 Province, Award: 2020GXJK105 Ministry of Education of the People's
 Republic of China, Award: 21YJA630097, Humanities and Social Science
 Research Planning Fund Project Wuyi University, Award: 2021WGALH20, Hong
 Kong and Macao Joint Research and Development Fund. Dates Collection and
 Sources \------------------- \* Dates of data collection: Field data
 collected between May and November in 2022 and 2023 \* Geographic
 locations of data collection: China (see publication for more details) \-
 - - Methodological Information \========================== \* Methods of
 data collection/generation: see manuscript for details \- - - Data and
 File Overview \====================== Summary Metrics \--------------- \*
 File count: 1 \* Total file size: 183 KB \* File formats: .dta Table of
 Contents \----------------- \* data_20231013.dta Setup \----- \* Unpacking
 instructions: n/a \* Recommended software/tools: Stata 16.0 \- - -
 File/Folder Details \=================== Details for: data_20231013.dta
 \--------------------------------------- \* Description: data_20231013.dta
 is penal data of 271 listed digital enterprises in China in the study. The
 file is currently formatted for use with Stata 16.0. \* Format(s): .dta \*
 Size(s): 183 KB \* Dimensions: 16 rows x 2439 columns \* Variables: *
 year: year (YYYY) to which the data value belongs * cityno: Number of the
 cities * dd: digital divide * frd: R&D fund synergy value * fhr: Human
 resource synergy valu * fkn: Knowledge synergy value * cir: composite
 synergy index of innovation resources * tfp: Total factor productivity *
 market: market intergration * lnmarket: Logarithm of market intergration *
 ecoopen: Economic openness * innenv: Innovation environment * indstr:
 Industrial coordination degree * urban: Urbanization level * lnmanglab:
 Logarithm of transaction system quality value \* Missing data codes:
 missing genotypes are coded as individual zeroes ("0") \- - -
 END OF README