DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ct65669
title: Data from: Using DNA metabarcoding for simultaneous inference of common vampire bat diet and population structure

description: Metabarcoding diet analysis has become a valuable tool in animal ecology;
 however, co-amplified predator sequences are not generally used for
 anything other than to validate predator identity. Exemplified by the
 common vampire bat we demonstrate the use of metabarcoding to infer
 predator population structure alongside diet assessments. Growing
 populations of common vampire bats impact human, livestock and wildlife
 health in Latin America through transmission of pathogens, such as lethal
 rabies infections. Techniques to determine large scale variation in
 vampire bat diet and bat population structure would empower locality- and
 species-specific projections of disease transmission risks. However,
 previously used methods are not cost-effective and efficient for large
 scale applications. Using blood meal and faecal samples from common
 vampire bats from coastal, Andean and Amazonian regions of Peru, we
 showcase metabarcoding as a scalable tool to assess vampire bat population
 structure and feeding preferences. Dietary metabarcoding was highly
 effective, detecting vertebrate prey in 93.2% of the samples. Bats
 predominantly preyed on domestic animals, but fed on tapirs at one
 Amazonian site. In addition, we identified arthropods in 9.3% of samples,
 likely reflecting consumption of ectoparasites. Using the same data, we
 document mitochondrial geographic population structure in the common
 vampire bat in Peru. Such simultaneous inference of vampire bat diet and
 population structure can enable new insights into the interplay between
 vampire bat ecology and disease transmission risks. Importantly, the
 methodology can be extrapolated to metabarcoding diet studies of other
 animals to couple information on diet and population structure.
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