cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933854
title: Infection and childhood leukemia: review of evidence

description: OBJECTIVE : To analyze studies that evaluated the role of infections as well as indirect measures of exposure to infection in the risk of childhood leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS : A search in Medline, Lilacs, and SciELO scientific publication databases initially using the descriptors “childhood leukemia” and “infection” and later searching for the words “childhood leukemia” and “maternal infection or disease” or “breastfeeding” or “daycare attendance” or “vaccination” resulted in 62 publications that met the following inclusion criteria: subject aged ≤ 15 years; specific analysis of cases diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or total leukemia; exposure assessment of mothers’ or infants’ to infections (or proxy of infection), and risk of leukemia. RESULTS : Overall, 23 studies that assessed infections in children support the hypothesis that occurrence of infection during early childhood reduces the risk of leukemia, but there are disagreements within and between studies. The evaluation of exposure to infection by indirect measures showed evidence of reduced risk of leukemia associated mainly with daycare attendance. More than 50.0% of the 16 studies that assessed maternal exposure to infection observed increased risk of leukemia associated with episodes of influenza, pneumonia, chickenpox, herpes zoster, lower genital tract infection, skin disease, sexually transmitted diseases, Epstein-Barr virus, and Helicobacter pylori . CONCLUSIONS : Although no specific infectious agent has been identified, scientific evidence suggests that exposure to infections has some effect on childhood leukemia etiology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933854.v1
title: Infection and childhood leukemia: review of evidence

description: OBJECTIVE : To analyze studies that evaluated the role of infections as well as indirect measures of exposure to infection in the risk of childhood leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS : A search in Medline, Lilacs, and SciELO scientific publication databases initially using the descriptors “childhood leukemia” and “infection” and later searching for the words “childhood leukemia” and “maternal infection or disease” or “breastfeeding” or “daycare attendance” or “vaccination” resulted in 62 publications that met the following inclusion criteria: subject aged ≤ 15 years; specific analysis of cases diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or total leukemia; exposure assessment of mothers’ or infants’ to infections (or proxy of infection), and risk of leukemia. RESULTS : Overall, 23 studies that assessed infections in children support the hypothesis that occurrence of infection during early childhood reduces the risk of leukemia, but there are disagreements within and between studies. The evaluation of exposure to infection by indirect measures showed evidence of reduced risk of leukemia associated mainly with daycare attendance. More than 50.0% of the 16 studies that assessed maternal exposure to infection observed increased risk of leukemia associated with episodes of influenza, pneumonia, chickenpox, herpes zoster, lower genital tract infection, skin disease, sexually transmitted diseases, Epstein-Barr virus, and Helicobacter pylori . CONCLUSIONS : Although no specific infectious agent has been identified, scientific evidence suggests that exposure to infections has some effect on childhood leukemia etiology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933907
title: Medical assessments and measurements in ELSA-Brasil

description: The article describes assessments and measurements performed in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure measurement, and ankle-brachial index have an established clinical application while others including pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, and carotid intima-media thickness have no established application and do not have reference values for healthy Brazilian population but may be important predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. Blood pressure measurement following postural change maneuver was included in the ELSA-Brasil because it has not been much tested in epidemiological studies. Innovative approaches were developed for assessing the ankle-brachial index using an automatic device instead of the mercury column to measure blood pressure and for assessing the anterior-posterior diameter of the right lobe of the liver by ultrasound for quantitative assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. All ELSA-Brasil subjects were younger (35 years or more) than those included in other cohorts studying subclinical atherosclerosis. The inclusion of younger individuals and a variety of assessments make the ELSA-Brasil a relevant epidemiology study nationwide and worldwide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933907.v1
title: Medical assessments and measurements in ELSA-Brasil

description: The article describes assessments and measurements performed in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure measurement, and ankle-brachial index have an established clinical application while others including pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, and carotid intima-media thickness have no established application and do not have reference values for healthy Brazilian population but may be important predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. Blood pressure measurement following postural change maneuver was included in the ELSA-Brasil because it has not been much tested in epidemiological studies. Innovative approaches were developed for assessing the ankle-brachial index using an automatic device instead of the mercury column to measure blood pressure and for assessing the anterior-posterior diameter of the right lobe of the liver by ultrasound for quantitative assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. All ELSA-Brasil subjects were younger (35 years or more) than those included in other cohorts studying subclinical atherosclerosis. The inclusion of younger individuals and a variety of assessments make the ELSA-Brasil a relevant epidemiology study nationwide and worldwide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933913
title: Logistics of collection and transportation of biological samples and the organization of the central laboratory in the ELSA-Brasil

description: The ELSA (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a multicenter cohort study which aims at the identification of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population. The paper describes the strategies for the collection, processing, transportation, and quality control of blood and urine tests in the ELSA. The study decided to centralize the tests at one single laboratory. The processing of the samples was performed at the local laboratories, reducing the weight of the material to be transported, and diminishing the costs of transportation to the central laboratory at the Universidade de São Paulo Hospital. The study included tests for the evaluation of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, electrolyte abnormalities, thyroid hormones, uric acid, hepatic enzyme abnormalities, inflammation, and total blood cell count. In addition, leukocyte DNA, urine, plasma and serum samples were stored. The central laboratory performed approximately 375,000 tests.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933913.v1
title: Logistics of collection and transportation of biological samples and the organization of the central laboratory in the ELSA-Brasil

description: The ELSA (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a multicenter cohort study which aims at the identification of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population. The paper describes the strategies for the collection, processing, transportation, and quality control of blood and urine tests in the ELSA. The study decided to centralize the tests at one single laboratory. The processing of the samples was performed at the local laboratories, reducing the weight of the material to be transported, and diminishing the costs of transportation to the central laboratory at the Universidade de São Paulo Hospital. The study included tests for the evaluation of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, electrolyte abnormalities, thyroid hormones, uric acid, hepatic enzyme abnormalities, inflammation, and total blood cell count. In addition, leukocyte DNA, urine, plasma and serum samples were stored. The central laboratory performed approximately 375,000 tests.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933947.v1
title: Strategies and development of quality assurance and control in the ELSA-Brasil

description: The ELSA-Brasil (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a cohort study composed of 15,105 adults followed up in order to assess the development of chronic diseases, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Its size, multicenter nature and the diversity of measurements required effective and efficient mechanisms of quality assurance and control. The main quality assurance activities (those developed before data collection) were: careful selection of research instruments, centralized training and certification, pretesting and pilot studies, and preparation of operation manuals for the procedures. Quality control activities (developed during data collection and processing) were performed more intensively at the beginning, when routines had not been established yet. The main quality control activities were: periodic observation of technicians, test-retest studies, data monitoring, network of supervisors, and cross visits. Data that estimate the reliability of the obtained information attest that the quality goals have been achieved.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933947
title: Strategies and development of quality assurance and control in the ELSA-Brasil

description: The ELSA-Brasil (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a cohort study composed of 15,105 adults followed up in order to assess the development of chronic diseases, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Its size, multicenter nature and the diversity of measurements required effective and efficient mechanisms of quality assurance and control. The main quality assurance activities (those developed before data collection) were: careful selection of research instruments, centralized training and certification, pretesting and pilot studies, and preparation of operation manuals for the procedures. Quality control activities (developed during data collection and processing) were performed more intensively at the beginning, when routines had not been established yet. The main quality control activities were: periodic observation of technicians, test-retest studies, data monitoring, network of supervisors, and cross visits. Data that estimate the reliability of the obtained information attest that the quality goals have been achieved.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933950
title: Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics in ELSA-Brasil

description: OBJECTIVE: To describe the process involved in adapting scales for measuring neighborhood characteristics to Brazilian Portuguese.METHODS: The dimensions addressed were social cohesion, environment suitable for physical activity, availability of healthy foods, safety, perceived violence and victimization. The adaptation process involved assessment of equivalence between the original scales and the Portuguese versions. The test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 261 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), who answered the same questionnaire on two different occasions, separated by an interval of 7 to 14 days.RESULTS: The aspects of equivalence assessed were shown to be adequate. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.83 (95%CI 0.78;0.87) for Social Cohesion to 0.90 (95%CI 0.87;0.92) for Walking Environment. The scales showed internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) ranging from 0.60 to 0.84.CONCLUSIONS: The measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics had very good reproducibility and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). The results suggest that these scales can be used in studies involving Brazilian populations with characteristics similar to those of ELSA-Brasil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933950.v1
title: Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics in ELSA-Brasil

description: OBJECTIVE: To describe the process involved in adapting scales for measuring neighborhood characteristics to Brazilian Portuguese.METHODS: The dimensions addressed were social cohesion, environment suitable for physical activity, availability of healthy foods, safety, perceived violence and victimization. The adaptation process involved assessment of equivalence between the original scales and the Portuguese versions. The test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 261 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), who answered the same questionnaire on two different occasions, separated by an interval of 7 to 14 days.RESULTS: The aspects of equivalence assessed were shown to be adequate. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.83 (95%CI 0.78;0.87) for Social Cohesion to 0.90 (95%CI 0.87;0.92) for Walking Environment. The scales showed internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) ranging from 0.60 to 0.84.CONCLUSIONS: The measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics had very good reproducibility and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). The results suggest that these scales can be used in studies involving Brazilian populations with characteristics similar to those of ELSA-Brasil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933953
title: Social capital in ELSA-Brasil: test-retest reliability of the Resource Generator scale

description: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the test-retest reliability of items of the Resource Generator scale for assessing social capital in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).METHODS: The social capital was applied in a subsample of 281 participants from six ELSA investigation centers, on two occasions with an interval of seven to 14 days. The instrument consists of 31 items that represent concrete situations to evaluate the access to different types of resources. In addition, it evaluates the strength of ties (family, friends or acquaintances) for the available resources. Statistical analyses were performed through use of the kappa statistic (k) and prevalence-adjusted kappa (ka).RESULTS: A high frequency was found for social resources (above 50%). Regarding the presence or absence of resources, prevalence-adjusted reliability (ka) varied from 0.54 to 0.97. With regard to the source for the resource, the reliability estimates ranged from ka = 0.45 ("someone who has good contacts with the media") to ka = 0.86 ("someone who completed secondary education").CONCLUSIONS: The scale presentedadequate levels of reliability, which varied according to the type of resource.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19933953.v1
title: Social capital in ELSA-Brasil: test-retest reliability of the Resource Generator scale

description: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the test-retest reliability of items of the Resource Generator scale for assessing social capital in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).METHODS: The social capital was applied in a subsample of 281 participants from six ELSA investigation centers, on two occasions with an interval of seven to 14 days. The instrument consists of 31 items that represent concrete situations to evaluate the access to different types of resources. In addition, it evaluates the strength of ties (family, friends or acquaintances) for the available resources. Statistical analyses were performed through use of the kappa statistic (k) and prevalence-adjusted kappa (ka).RESULTS: A high frequency was found for social resources (above 50%). Regarding the presence or absence of resources, prevalence-adjusted reliability (ka) varied from 0.54 to 0.97. With regard to the source for the resource, the reliability estimates ranged from ka = 0.45 ("someone who has good contacts with the media") to ka = 0.86 ("someone who completed secondary education").CONCLUSIONS: The scale presentedadequate levels of reliability, which varied according to the type of resource.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19934015
title: Individual and contextual factors associated with malocclusion in Brazilian children

description: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the prevalence of malocclusion in Brazilian 12 years-olds with individual and contextual variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey – SBBrazil 2010. The outcome studied was malocclusion, categorized as absent, set, severe and very severe. The independent variables were classified as individual and contextual. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: It was found that the prevalence of severe and very severe malocclusion in 12-year-olds did not differ between the Brazilian regions, although variation between the cities was significant (p &lt; 0.001). Male children (p = 0.033), those on lower income (p = 0.051), those who had visited a dentist (p = 0.009), with lower levels of satisfaction with mouth and teeth (p &lt; 0.001) and embarrassed to smile (p &lt; 0.001) had more severe malocclusion. The characteristics of the cities also affected the severity of malocclusion; cities with more families on social benefits per 1,000 inhabitants, with lower scores on the health care system performance index and lower gross domestic product per capita were significantly associated with malocclusion. CONCLUSION: Significant associations between the presence and severity of malocclusion were observed at the individual and contextual level.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19934015.v1
title: Individual and contextual factors associated with malocclusion in Brazilian children

description: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the prevalence of malocclusion in Brazilian 12 years-olds with individual and contextual variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey – SBBrazil 2010. The outcome studied was malocclusion, categorized as absent, set, severe and very severe. The independent variables were classified as individual and contextual. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: It was found that the prevalence of severe and very severe malocclusion in 12-year-olds did not differ between the Brazilian regions, although variation between the cities was significant (p &lt; 0.001). Male children (p = 0.033), those on lower income (p = 0.051), those who had visited a dentist (p = 0.009), with lower levels of satisfaction with mouth and teeth (p &lt; 0.001) and embarrassed to smile (p &lt; 0.001) had more severe malocclusion. The characteristics of the cities also affected the severity of malocclusion; cities with more families on social benefits per 1,000 inhabitants, with lower scores on the health care system performance index and lower gross domestic product per capita were significantly associated with malocclusion. CONCLUSION: Significant associations between the presence and severity of malocclusion were observed at the individual and contextual level.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19934043
title: Mid-point for open-ended income category and the effect of equivalence scales on the income-health relationship

description: To estimate the mid-point of an open-ended income category and to assess the impact of two equivalence scales on income-health associations. Data were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Oral Health Survey ( Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal – SBBrasil 2010). Income was converted from categorical to two continuous variables ( per capita and equivalized) for each mid-point. The median mid-point was R$ 14,523.50 and the mean, R$ 24,507.10. When per capita income was applied, 53% of the population were below the poverty line, compared with 15% with equivalized income. The magnitude of income-health associations was similar for continuous income, but categorized equivalized income tended to decrease the strength of association.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19934043.v1
title: Mid-point for open-ended income category and the effect of equivalence scales on the income-health relationship

description: To estimate the mid-point of an open-ended income category and to assess the impact of two equivalence scales on income-health associations. Data were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Oral Health Survey ( Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal – SBBrasil 2010). Income was converted from categorical to two continuous variables ( per capita and equivalized) for each mid-point. The median mid-point was R$ 14,523.50 and the mean, R$ 24,507.10. When per capita income was applied, 53% of the population were below the poverty line, compared with 15% with equivalized income. The magnitude of income-health associations was similar for continuous income, but categorized equivalized income tended to decrease the strength of association.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19934115
title: Association between diabetes and tuberculosis: case-control study

description: ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To test the association between diabetes and tuberculosis. METHODS It is a case-control study, matched by age and sex. We included 323 new cases of tuberculosis with positive results for bacilloscopy. The controls were 323 respiratory symptomatic patients with negative bacilloscopy, from the same health services, such as: ambulatory cases from three referral hospitals and six basic health units responsible for the notifications of new cases of tuberculosis in Salvador, Bahia. Data collection occurred between 2008 and 2010. The instruments used were structured interview, including clinical data, capillary blood glucose (during fasting or postprandial), and the CAGE questionnaire for screening of abusive consumption of alcohol. Descriptive, exploratory, and multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The average age of the cases was 38.5 (SD = 14.2) years and of the controls, 38.5 (SD = 14.3) years. Among cases and controls, most subjects (61%) were male. In univariate analysis we found association between the occurrence of diabetes and tuberculosis (OR = 2.37; 95%CI 1.04–5.42), which remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 3.12; 95%CI 1.12–7.94). CONCLUSIONS The association between diabetes and tuberculosis can hinder the control of tuberculosis, contributing to the maintainance of the disease burden. The situation demands increasing early detection of diabetes among people with tuberculosis, in an attempt to improve disease control strategies.