cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15154/1504537
title: Reward processing in preadolescents with bipolar disorder: An fMRI study

description: Introduction: Reward processing dysfunction has long been implicated in adults with bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted to examine whether such dysregulation also occurs in preadolescents with bipolar disorder. Methods: The current study will employ functional magnetic resonance imaging and conduct region-of-interest (ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex), whole-brain, and connectivity analyses to examine the similarities and differences in reward-related brain activation patterns, evoked by the Monetary Incentive Delay task, between 169 preadolescents with remitted bipolar disorder and 245 preadolescent healthy controls without personal and family history of Axis I disorders. Results: We hypothesize that activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the striatum would be elevated in preadolescents with remitted bipolar disorder during reward processing, relative to healthy controls. We also predict aberrant connectivity between the PFC and the striatum in response to reward in preadolescents with remitted bipolar disorder, relative to healthy controls. Conclusions: Early-onset bipolar disorder is often associated with remarkably long treatment delays and a persistently pernicious course of illness, underscoring the significance of studying mood disorders during this developmental period. Owing to the paucity of research and data on preadolescent bipolar disorder, accurate diagnosis in this population is challenging. Identifying objective markers of preadolescent bipolar disorder has the potential to enhance our ability to diagnose pediatric bipolar disorder accurately. Besides, early accurate diagnosis may improve our ability to intervene with appropriate treatments that may lead to a more benign course of bipolar disorder in adolescence and adulthood.
DOI: 10.15154/1504540
title: Association Between Childhood Anhedonia and Alterations in Large-scale Resting-State Networks and Task-Evoked Activation

description: IMPORTANCE: Anhedonia can present in children and predict detrimental clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To map anhedonia in children onto changes in intrinsic large-scale connectivity and task-evoked activation and to probe the specificity of these changes in anhedonia against other clinical phenotypes (low mood, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were from the first annual release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, collected between September 2016 and September 2017 and analyzed between April and September 2018. Cross-sectional data of children aged 9 to 10 years from unreferred, community samples during rest (n = 2878) and during reward anticipation (n = 2874) and working memory (n = 2745) were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Alterations in fMRI data during rest, reward anticipation, and working memory were examined, using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Functional MRI connectivity within large-scale networks, between networks, and between networks and subcortical regions were examined during rest. Functional MRI activation were examined during reward anticipation and working memory using the monetary incentive delayed and N-back tasks, respectively. RESULTS: Among 2878 children with adequate-quality resting-state fMRI data (mean [SD] age, 10.03 [0.62] years; 1400 girls [48.6%]), children with anhedonia (261 [9.1%]), compared with those without anhedonia (2617 [90.9%]), showed hypoconnectivity among various large-scale networks and subcortical regions, including between the arousal-related cingulo-opercular network and reward-related ventral striatum area (mean [SD] with anhedonia, 0.08 [0.10] vs without anhedonia, 0.10 [0.10]; t2,876 = 3.33; P
DOI: 10.15154/1504543
title: Hippocampal-neocortical interactions sharpen over time for predictive actions.

description: When an action is familiar, we are able to anticipate how it will change the state of the world. These expectations can result from retrieval of action-outcome associations in the hippocampus and the reinstatement of anticipated outcomes in visual cortex. How does this role for the hippocampus in action-based prediction change over time? We use high-resolution fMRI and a dual-training behavioral paradigm to examine how the hippocampus interacts with visual cortex during predictive and nonpredictive actions learned either three days earlier or immediately before the scan. Just-learned associations led to comparable background connectivity between the hippocampus and V1/V2, regardless of whether actions predicted outcomes. However, three-day-old associations led to stronger background connectivity and greater differentiation between neural patterns for predictive vs. nonpredictive actions. Hippocampal prediction may initially reflect indiscriminate binding of co-occurring events, with action information pruning weaker associations and leading to more selective and accurate predictions over time.
DOI: 10.15154/1504547
title: sgACC Bulk RNA-seq Analysis

description: sgACC Bulk RNA-seq Analysis: Currently, this study is ongoing and abstract is unavailable, however, we will update this field in future.
DOI: 10.15154/1506004
title: Differential Relationships of Child Anxiety and Depression to Child Report and Parent Report of Electronic Media Use

description: Child depression and anxiety have been associated with electronic media use, but the comorbidity between the two has rarely been accounted for in analyses. We examined both child and parent reports of electronic media use in relation to parent-reported child depression and anxiety. Using survey and interview data collected for 9- to 11-year-olds from the 21-site Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, we conducted generalized linear mixed models. Our results demonstrated that electronic media use was more strongly associated with depression than anxiety, and that accounting for depression significantly reduced the relationship between electronic media use and anxiety. Different categories of electronic media showed differential relationships to anxiety and depression, with video gaming and video chatting related to anxiety, but video watching related to depression. These findings provide important data to ground theories of the mechanisms that contribute to these associations.
DOI: 10.15154/1506087
title: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development DEAP Study (ABCD) release 2.0.1 update

description: The purpose of the RDS file is for the implementation of DEAP for the most current release of ABCD Study data (Data Release 2.0.1). The variable names in DEAP have been modified from the official NDA variable names to make them easier to search using the data ontology implemented in the Explore module in DEAP. These DEAP names are listed as aliases in the NDA 2.0.1 release files. RDS 2.0.1 includes 218 tables, 129 of which are from the original ABCD Data Release 2.0 and 89 are from ABCD Data Release 2.0.1. Details are in the official Data Release 2.0.1 release update notes.
DOI: 10.15154/1506088
title: Involvement in Sports, Hippocampal Volume, and Depressive Symptoms in Children
DOI: 10.15154/1506121
title: Neighborhood deprivation, prefrontal structure, and cognitive function
DOI: 10.15154/1517561
title: Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders

description: Most genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) were identified with an excess of de novo mutations (DNMs) but are not yet significant for case–control mutation burden analysis. Here, we sequenced 63 genes in 16,294 NDD cases and an additional 62 genes in 6,211 NDD cases. Combined with published data, we assessed a total of 125 genes in over 16,000 NDD cases and compared the mutation burden to nonpsychiatric controls from ExAC. We identify 48 genes (25 newly reported) showing significant burden of ultra-rare (MAF &lt; 0.01%) gene-disruptive mutations (FDR 5%), six of which reach exome-wide significance (p &lt; 1.25E-06). Among these 125 targeted genes, we also reevaluated DNM excess in 17,426 NDD trios with 6,499 new autism trios. We identify 90 genes are enriched for DNMs (FDR 5%; e.g., GABRG2 and UIMC1); 61 reach exome-wide significance (p &lt; 3.64E-07; e.g., CASZ1). In addition to doubling the number of patients for many NDD risk genes, we present phenotype–genotype correlations for seven NDD risk genes (CTCF, HNRNPU, KCNQ3, ZBTB18, TCF12, SPEN, and LEO1) based on this large-scale targeted sequencing effort.
DOI: 10.15154/1517602
title: Biomarkers of Response to Antidepressants

description: More than six decades have passed since the discovery of monoaminergic antidepressants. Yet, it remains a mystery why these drugs take weeks to months to achieve therapeutic effects, although their monoaminergic actions are present rapidly after treatment. This project investigates the neural correlates of behavioral severity in patients treated with the antidepressant sertraline.
DOI: 10.15154/1517668
title: Content-based Dissociation of Hippocampal Involvement in Prediction

description: Recent work suggests that a key function of the hippocampus is to predict the future. This is thought to depend on its ability to bind inputs over time and space and to retrieve upcoming or missing inputs based on partial cues. In line with this, previous research has revealed prediction-related signals in the hippocampus for complex visual objects, such as fractals and abstract shapes. Implicit in such accounts is that these computations in the hippocampus reflect domain-general processes that apply across different types and modalities of stimuli. An alternative is that the hippocampus plays a more domain-specific role in predictive processing, with the type of stimuli being predicted determining its involvement. To investigate this, we compared hippocampal responses to auditory cues predicting abstract shapes (Experiment 1) versus oriented gratings (Experiment 2). We measured brain activity in male and female human participants using high-resolution fMRI, in combination with inverted encoding models to reconstruct shape and orientation information. Our results revealed that expectations about shape and orientation evoked distinct representations in the hippocampus. For complex shapes, the hippocampus represented which shape was expected, potentially serving as a source of top–down predictions. In contrast, for simple gratings, the hippocampus represented only unexpected orientations, more reminiscent of a prediction error. We discuss several potential explanations for this content-based dissociation in hippocampal function, concluding that the computational role of the hippocampus in predictive processing may depend on the nature and complexity of stimuli.
DOI: 10.15154/1518374
title: Screen Time and Other Determinants of Mental Health Predicting Emerging Psychotic-like Experiences in 9-10 Year Old Children

description: IMPORTANCE: Worsening child psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are risk factors of poor future mental health including full blown psychotic illness. Identifying readily assessable indicators for worsening PLEs are therefore of great interest. OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between a set of indicators (behaviors and stressors) previously associated with mental health (screen time, school environment, neighborhood safety, family conflict, parental (caregiver) acceptance, and sleep habits) and worsening PLE severity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective study included 4296 children (mean age 10 years (standard deviation = 0.7)), 52% boys) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was 12-month distress score of the Prodromal-Questionnaire Brief-Child (PQ-BC) Version, modeled after controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, parental marital status/education, and baseline PQ-BC severity. RESULTS: Significant baseline indicators of worsening PLE severity by 12-month follow-up included high screen time (46% increase for ≥ 4.6 hours/day (vs. 0 to 1.5 hours/day), 95% CI = 28% to 66%), living in an unsafe neighborhood (30% increase in most unsafe (vs. safest), 95% CI = 6% to 61%), high family conflict (30% increase with 2-3 and 16% increase with ≥ 4 "yes" responses to questions re: conflict (vs. none), 95% CIs = 16% to 46% and 2 to 32%, respectively), lack of parental acceptance (13% decrease in group with highest possible acceptance (vs. low group), 95% CI = -24% to -2%), and sleeping &lt; 9 hours/night (16% increase (vs. sleeping 9-11 hours/night), 95% CI = 7% to 27%). Examining screen time variants, significant associations were observed with time watching videos (33% increase for ≥ 1.2 hours/day (vs. 0 to 0.1 hours/day), 95% CI = 16% to 52%) and time texting (29% decrease when texting 0.1-0.2 hours/day (vs. none), 95% CI = -41% to -15%). An interaction between sex and video chatting was also observed, as video chatting was a negative indicator in girls but not boys. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Screen time, crime, and family environment were identified as future indicators of mental health risk. These results suggest the value of prospective evaluation of behavior and stressors in identifying at risk groups.
DOI: 10.15154/1518375
title: Neighborhood deprivation shapes motivational neurocircuit recruitment in children

description: Implementing motivated behaviors based on prior reward is central to adaptive human functioning, but aberrant reward-motivated behavior is a core feature of neuropsychiatric illness. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods have decreased access to rewards, which may shape motivational neurocircuits and risk for psychopathology. Here, we leverage the unprecedented neuroimaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to test the hypothesis that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage shapes the functional recruitment of motivational neurocircuits in children. Specifically, via ABCD’s Monetary Incentive Delay task (N=6,396 9-10 year old children), we find that children from zip codes with a high Area Deprivation Index (ADI) demonstrate blunted recruitment of striatum (dorsal and ventral nuclei) and pallidum during reward anticipation. In fact, blunted dorsal striatal recruitment during reward anticipation mediated the association between ADI and increased attention problems. These data reveal a candidate mechanism driving elevated risk for psychopathology in children from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
DOI: 10.15154/1518472
title: Reconciling Dimensional and Categorical Models of Autism Heterogeneity: A Brain Connectomics and Behavioral Study

description: Background Heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has hindered the development of biomarkers, thus motivating subtyping efforts. Most subtyping studies divide individuals with ASD into nonoverlapping (categorical) subgroups. However, continuous interindividual variation in ASD suggests that there is a need for a dimensional approach. Methods A Bayesian model was employed to decompose resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of individuals with ASD into multiple abnormal RSFC patterns, i.e., categorical subtypes, henceforth referred to as “factors.” Importantly, the model allowed each individual to express one or more factors to varying degrees (dimensional subtyping). The model was applied to 306 individuals with ASD (5.2–57 years of age) from two multisite repositories. Post hoc analyses associated factors with symptoms and demographics. Results Analyses yielded three factors with dissociable whole-brain hypo- and hyper–RSFC patterns. Most participants expressed multiple (categorical) factors, suggestive of a mosaic of subtypes within individuals. All factors shared abnormal RSFC involving the default mode network, but the directionality (hypo- or hyper–RSFC) differed across factors. Factor 1 was associated with core ASD symptoms. Factors 1 and 2 were associated with distinct comorbid symptoms. Older male participants preferentially expressed factor 3. Factors were robust across control analyses and were not associated with IQ or head motion. Conclusions There exist at least three ASD factors with dissociable whole-brain RSFC patterns, behaviors, and demographics. Heterogeneous default mode network hypo- and hyper–RSFC across the factors might explain previously reported inconsistencies. The factors differentiated between core ASD and comorbid symptoms—a less appreciated domain of heterogeneity in ASD. These factors are coexpressed in individuals with ASD with different degrees, thus reconciling categorical and dimensional perspectives of ASD heterogeneity.
DOI: 10.15154/1518555
title: M145: Structural and Resting State Neural Correlates of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study

description: Background: Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms (OCS) in childhood increase risk for later onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and related impairment. Studying the neural circuits underlying subclinical OCS may facilitate the identification of neural markers of risk for later OCD as well as potential targets for novel mechanism-based interventions and prevention strategies. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying OCS and their trajectories over development are poorly understood at present, though are hypothesized to involve differential engagement of task control circuits that underlie attentional and cognitive control processes (e.g. Maia et al., 2008). Dysfunction in these circuits and processes likely contributes to the repetitive thoughts and inappropriate actions that characterize OCS. While a growing literature has probed the neural underpinnings of OCD in children, including ENIGMA mega-analytic findings suggesting larger thalamic volumes in pediatric OCD (Boedhoe et al., 2017), few studies have examined subclinical OCS. One relatively larger study noted associations between OCS and altered gray and white matter volume in healthy children (Suñol et a., 2018). The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) provides an opportunity to examine associations between OCS and brain structure in the largest sample of children to date as well as to provide novel insight into associations with resting state connectivity of task control circuits. Methods: Data from the 2.0.1 release (July 2019) of baseline data from the ABCD Study were examined. These data include clinical interviews, cognitive testing, questionnaires, and MRI assessments from a nationally representative sample of N = 11,876 9-10-year-old children. An 8-item subscale for OCS severity (Hudziak et al., 2006) was ascertained from parent report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Diagnosis of OCD was based on parent report on the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (KSADS). Cognitive performance was assessed using the NIH Toolbox. Of these children, n = 10,585 successfully completed T1 structural imaging that were analyzed using FreeSurfer and that passed ABCD quality control procedures. Resting state data was also collected and analyzed with the ABCD pipelines; n = 8,341 children had &gt;5 minutes of data retained after quality control. Within and between network connectivity was extracted from regions/networks defined in the Gordon et al., 2016 atlas. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine whether CBCL OCS related to cognitive performance, subcortical volumes, cortical thickness, or resting state connectivity of default mode and task control circuits. Results: N = 5,257 children (44.30%) exhibited non-zero CBCL OCS scores and, as expected, scores were elevated among the N = 898 children who met KSADS criteria for current OCD (b = 2.30, t = 36.82, p −2.79, p
DOI: 10.15154/1518588
title: 35.2 Probing Structural and Functional Subcortical Regions Implicated in Youth Depression

description: Background: Prior structural and functional neuroimaging research in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) has consistently implicated abnormalities in subcortical regions (Auerbach et at., 2014; Luking et al., 2016). However, research has often relied on sample sizes that limit power to detect effects that are presumed to be small. Additionally, heterogeneity in disease course and treatment history undoubtedly affects the reliable identification of structural and functional abnormalities among unaffected, high-risk youth as well as youth diagnosed with MDD. To reconcile inconsistent structural and functional neuroimaging findings, the presentation will leverage data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA). ABCD is a multi-site project that was designed to assess normal variability in adolescent brain and cognitive development among 9-10-year-old children. By contrast, BANDA is a human connectome project that aims to characterize neural circuitry underlying depression and anxiety in adolescents ages 14-16 years. Collectively, these projects afford a unique opportunity to probe subcortical abnormalities in at-risk and currently depressed youth. Methods: The ABCD Study acquired structural MRI data from 9-10-year-old children (n = 4,521). Of these children, 29.7% (n = 1,343) had a parental depressive history. Secondary analyses also tested whether subcortical brain differences were present in youth with a lifetime depressive disorder history. For BANDA, adolescents (n = 141) completed an incentive processing task while fMRI data were collected. Primary analyses probed differences in subcortical activation, and secondary analyses will test whether blunted activation within striatal regions related to anhedonia and a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results: Several findings emerged. Within ABCD, relative to low-risk youth, high-risk participants with a maternal, but not paternal, depression history exhibited smaller volumes of the right putamen, right accumbens, and left pallidum (FDR-corrected p
DOI: 10.15154/1518590
title: An IRT Analysis of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version: Developing a Screening Form that Informs Understanding of Self-Reported Psychotic-Like Experiences in Childhood

description: The Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version (PQ-BC) has been developed as a tool for identifying psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in school-age children. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the PQ-BC, examined how well the PQ-BC estimates the latent construct of PLEs (θ ̂), and began the process of developing a screening form informed by item response theory (IRT). Utilizing the baseline (n=11,129) sample from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Brain (ABCD) study, we examined which PQ-BC items provide the most information and best discriminate individuals experiencing PLEs. Using hierarchical linear models (HLMs), we found that θ ̂ scores were significantly associated with several previously identified predictors of psychosis spectrum symptoms (i.e., history of psychosis, internalizing symptoms, cognitive impairments, developmental milestone delays, and resting-state functional connectivity impairments) at baseline and year 1 (n=5,532). Using item level information and discrimination parameters of the PQ-BC from the baseline sample, we created a seven-item screening form. HLMs generally found significant associations between screening form scores for both baseline and year 1 with the aforementioned predictors. The analyses provide evidence for the validity of a screening form derived from the PQ-BC using IRT derived parameters. This screening form could prove useful when the full measure is not feasible.