cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.27q57
title: Data from: Quantifying the attractiveness of broad-spectrum street lights to aerial nocturnal insects

description: 1. Sodium street lights, dominated by long wavelengths of light, are being
 replaced by broad-spectrum, white lights globally, in particular
 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These white lights typically require less
 energy to operate and are therefore considered ‘eco-friendly’. However,
 little attention has been paid to the impacts white lights may have upon
 local wildlife populations. 2. We compared insect attraction to orange
 (high-pressure sodium [HPS]) and white (metal halide [MH] and LED) street
 lights experimentally using portable street lights and custom-made
 flight-intercept traps. 3. Significantly more (&gt;five times as many)
 insects were attracted to white MH street lights than white (4,250 K) LED
 and HPS lights. There was no statistical difference in the numbers of
 insects attracted to LED and HPS lights for most taxa caught. However,
 rarefaction shows a greater diversity of insects caught at LED than HPS
 lights. 4. Policy implications. With the current, large-scale conversion
 to white light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, our results give insight
 into how changes to street light technology may affect wildlife
 populations and communities. We recommend avoiding metal halide (MH) light
 installations as they attract many more insects than competing
 technologies. We highlight the need to tailor LED lighting to prevent
 disturbances across multiple insect taxa. 07-Aug-2017
description: Quantifying the
 attractiveness of broad-spectrum street lights to aerial nocturnal
 insectsA table documenting
 invertebrates caught in bespoke flight-intercept traps at four different
 street lights. Data were gathered from 12 field sites in south-west
 England, UK. The lights were: an unlit control lamp (CON); a
 light-emitting diode (LED); a high-pressure sodium (HPS); and a metal
 halide (MEH).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2bp67
title: Data from: Redder isn’t always better: cost of carotenoids in Chinook salmon eggs

description: Carotenoids provide animals with many fitness benefits through increased
 mating success, immune function, gamete quality, and antioxidant capacity.
 Despite these benefits, carotenoids are not utilized equally by all
 animals, implying trade-offs associated with the pigments; although, few
 studies have quantified fitness costs of carotenoid pigmentation. Salmon
 are known for their conspicuous red coloration; however, amongst Chinook
 salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a natural genetic color polymorphism
 exists (red and white morphs) which results in carotenoid-based color
 differences in eggs and other tissues. Although the fitness benefit of egg
 carotenoid content on egg incubation survival has been demonstrated,
 carotenoid pigmentation also results in highly visible eggs vulnerable to
 predation. Therefore, although white Chinook salmon eggs experience costs
 in terms of viability, a potential benefit in terms of reduced predation
 could help explain the maintenance of the polymorphism. Here, using red
 and white eggs from wild Chinook salmon, we show that increased carotenoid
 content of salmon eggs leads to greater predation risk. We found that 2
 populations of wild-type rainbow trout (O. mykiss; an ecologically
 relevant predator) showed a significant bias for red eggs over white eggs
 under choice experiments, where red eggs were consumed first twice as
 often and significantly faster than white eggs. Our study suggests that
 trade-offs between red and white Chinook salmon during the egg stage
 provide an evolutionary mechanism promoting the maintenance of the unique
 Chinook salmon color polymorphism in nature, while also, for the first
 time, demonstrating a direct fitness cost of carotenoids in salmon.
description: Egg predation
 dataThis file contains two
 worksheets. One worksheet contains data for all trials with the time to
 consumption for each egg. Additional notes are provided if the egg was
 removed from the analyses. The second worksheet includes binary data to
 identify all eggs that were consumed first in the
 trials.Lehnert_BE_EggPredation-DryadData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g179n
title: Data from: Stronger cooling effects of transpiration and morphology of the plants from a hot dry habitat than from a hot wet habitat

description: 1. Leaf temperature exerts an important impact on the microenvironment and
 physiological processes of leaves. Plants from different habitats have
 different strategies to regulate leaf temperature. The relative importance
 of morphology and transpiration for leaf temperature regulation in the hot
 habitat is still unclear. 2. We investigated 22 leaf morphological traits,
 transpiration, and thermal properties of 38 canopy species of seedlings in
 a greenhouse, including 18 dominant species from a hot wet habitat (HW)
 and 20 dominant species from a hot dry habitat (HD). To separate the
 impact of transpiration and morphology on leaf temperature, we measured
 the diurnal courses of leaf temperatures with and without transpiration.
 The temperature of a reference leaf beside each individual was measured
 simultaneously to render temperatures comparable. 3. Generally, the
 species from HD showed lower leaf temperatures than the species from HW
 under the same conditions. Both transpiration capacity and cooling effect
 of leaf morphology were stronger for the plants from HD. Active
 transpiration provides a suitable thermal environment for photosynthesis,
 while xeromorphic leaves can dampen heat stress when transpiration is
 suppressed. Higher vein density and stomatal pore area index (SPI)
 facilitated higher transpiration capacity of the plants from HD.
 Meanwhile, shorter leaves and thinner lower epidermis of the plants from
 HD were more efficient in heat transfer, although relationships were much
 weaker than the synergic effect of all the morphologic traits. 4. Our
 results confirmed that transpiration and leaf morphology provided double
 insurance for avoiding overheating, particularly for plant from HD. We
 emphasize that transpiration is a more effective way to cool leaves than
 morphology when water is sufficient, which may be an important adaptation
 for plant from HD where rainfall is sporadic. Our results provide further
 insight into the relationship between morphology and transpiration for the
 regulation of leaf temperature, and the co-evolution of gas exchange and
 thermal regulation of leaves.
description: data
 packagePlease read traits
 illustration in the data package.achive.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s1bg6
title: Data from: Immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva on dermal cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease

description: Background: The prolonged feeding process of ixodid ticks, in combination
 with bacterial transmission, should lead to a robust inflammatory response
 at the blood-feeding site. Yet, factors present in tick saliva may
 down-regulate such responses, which may be beneficial to spirochete
 transmission. The primary goal of this study was to test the hypothesis
 that tick saliva, in the context of Borrelia burgdorferi, can have
 widespread effects on the production of immune mediators in skin. Methods:
 A cross-section of tick feeding on skin was examined histologically. Human
 THP-1 cells stimulated with B. burgdorferi and grown in the presence or
 absence of tick saliva were examined by human DNA microarray, cytokine
 bead array, sandwich ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Similar experiments were also
 conducted using dermal fibroblasts. Results: Tick feeding on skin showed
 dermal infiltration of histiocytes and granulocytes at the bite location.
 Changes in monocytic transcript levels during co-culture with B.
 burgdorferi and saliva indicated that tick saliva had a suppressive effect
 on the expression of certain pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-8
 (CXCL8) and TLR2, but had a stimulatory effect on specific molecules such
 as the Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit (IL-10RA), a known mediator
 of the immunosuppressive signal of IL-10. Stimulated cell culture
 supernatants were analyzed via antigen-capture ELISA and cytokine bead
 array for inflammatory mediator production. Treatment of monocytes with
 saliva significantly reduced the expression of several key mediators
 including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Tick saliva had an opposite effect on
 dermal fibroblasts. Rather than inhibiting, saliva enhanced production of
 pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-8 and IL-6 from these sentinel
 skin cells. Conclusions: The effects of ixodid tick saliva on resident
 skin cells is cell type-dependent. The response to both tick and pathogen
 at the site of feeding favors pathogen transmission, but may not be wholly
 suppressed by tick saliva.
description: m_arrayScholl.P&VExcel spreadsheet with average reading values on microarray, Sheet 1 is description. Sheet 2 is data for all genes analyzed from human monocytes at 2 and 12 hr time points.
DOI: 10.15468/55bj2f
title: Ealing Wildlife Group 2025 bat surveys

description: Public bat surveys and education walks held in the borough of Ealing by Ealing Wildlife Group. Species ID through Magenta 5 bat detectors.
DOI: 10.15468/prrneh
title: Ealing Wildlife Group 2024-2025 Brown Hairstreak surveys

description: Public Brown Hairstreak surveys held in the borough of Ealing by Ealing Wildlife Group, in collaboration with Butterfly Conservation.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bb1rt
title: Data from: Reassessment of the non-titanosaurian somphospondylan Wintonotitan wattsi (Dinosauria: Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the mid-Cretaceous Winton Formation, Queensland, Australia

description: Wintonotitan wattsi, a Cretaceous titanosauriform sauropod from central
 Queensland, Australia, is redescribed following a full revision of its
 osteology. The holotype specimen, a partial postcranial skeleton derived
 from the lower Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation, comprises axial and
 appendicular elements. Wintonotitan has been commonly resolved as a
 non-titanosaurian somphospondylan titanosauriform since its description,
 in contrast to its more derived contemporary Diamantinasaurus matildae. We
 provide a detailed redescription, taking this opportunity to correct four
 misinterpretations made in the original description of Wintonotitan that
 impact on our understanding of this taxon: the right ulna was originally
 described as the left and vice versa; the left metacarpus was incorrectly
 described as being from the right side; metacarpal IV was described as
 metacarpal V and vice versa; and the ilium was incorrectly oriented. The
 reassessment of the metacarpus is particularly important, since it shows
 that a proximal fossa is present on metacarpals I, II and III, which might
 have been occupied by either the strongly convex distal end of the radius
 or a (possibly unossified) carpal element. We provide a review of
 titanosauriform metacarpal morphology to support our reassessments. Our
 revision of the osteology of Wintonotitan results in the identification of
 several previously unrecognized autapomorphies, augmenting and revising
 its original diagnosis. We provide additional support for the previous
 referral of four caudal vertebrae from south-east of Winton, Queensland,
 to W. wattsi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a tentative report of
 titanosaur osteoderms from the Winton Formation was based on
 misidentification of dorsal vertebral neural spines pertaining to the
 holotype of W. wattsi. Consequently, titanosaur osteoderms are currently
 unknown from Australia. Following our revision and reinterpretation of a
 number of elements, we re-examine the phylogenetic placement of
 Wintonotitan, supporting its position as a non-titanosaurian
 somphospondylan titanosauriform, with no close relationship with the
 contemporaneous lithostrotian titanosaur Diamantinasaurus.
description: Wintonotitan wattsi in
 Mannion et al 2013 LSDM Poropat et al 2014.tntWintonotitan wattsi in
 Carballido & Sander 2014 Poropat et al 2014.tnt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.82hk6
title: Data from: Relative effects of segregation and recombination on the evolution of sex in finite diploid populations

description: The mechanism of reproducing more viable offspring in response to
 selection is considered as a major factor influencing the advantages of
 sex. In diploids, sexual reproduction combines genotype by recombination
 and segregation. Theoretical studies of sexual reproduction have
 investigated the advantage of recombination in haploids. However, the
 potential advantage of segregation in diploids is less studied. The
 present study aimed to quantify the relative contribution of recombination
 and segregation to the evolution of sex in finite diploids by using
 multi-locus simulations. The model calculated the mean fitness of a
 sexually or asexually reproduced offspring to describe the long-term
 effects of sex. The evolutionary fate of a sex or recombination modifier
 was also monitored to investigate the short-term effects of sex. We
 considered two different scenarios of mutations in finite populations to
 investigate the evolution of a sex or recombination modifier: (1) only
 deleterious mutations were present and (2) a combination of deleterious
 and beneficial mutations. Results showed that the combined segregation and
 recombination strongly contributed to the evolution of sex in diploids. If
 deleterious mutations were only present, segregation efficiently slowed
 down the speed of Muller's ratchet. As the recombination level was
 increased, the accumulation of deleterious mutations was totally inhibited
 and substantially contributed to the evolution of sex. The presence of
 beneficial mutations evidently increased the fixation rate of a
 recombination modifier. We also observed that the twofold cost of sex was
 easily to overcome in diploids if a sex modifier caused a moderate
 frequency of sex.
description: original data for all
 figuresThe original data for
 all figures in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rgfj2x
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 200 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Rhododendron rex"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 200 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000879-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c0t7b
title: Data from: Female choice for male cuticular hydrocarbon profile in decorated crickets is not based on similarity to their own profile

description: Indirect genetic benefits derived from female mate choice comprise
 additive (good genes) and non-additive genetic benefits (genetic
 compatibility). Although good genes can be revealed by condition-dependent
 display traits, the mechanism by which compatibility alleles are detected
 is unclear because evaluation of the genetic similarity of a prospective
 mate requires the female to assess the genotype of the male and compare it
 to her own. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), lipids coating the exoskeleton
 of most insects, influence female mate choice in a number of species and
 offer a way for females to assess genetic similarity of prospective mates.
 Here, we determine whether female mate choice in decorated crickets is
 based on male CHCs, and whether it is influenced by females’ own CHC
 profiles. We used multivariate selection analysis to estimate the strength
 and form of selection acting on male CHCs through female mate choice, and
 employed different measures of multivariate dissimilarity to determine
 whether a female's preference for male CHCs is based on similarity to
 her own CHC profile. Female mating preferences were significantly
 influenced by CHC profiles of males. Male CHC attractiveness was not,
 however, contingent on the CHC profile of the choosing female, as certain
 male CHC phenotypes were equally attractive to most females, evidenced by
 significant linear and stabilizing selection gradients. These results
 suggest that additive, rather than non-additive genetic benefits accrue to
 female mate choice, in support of earlier work showing that CHC expression
 of males, but not females, are condition dependent.
description: Distance
 measures_Steiger et alMultivariate distance
 measures for male and female CHCsSelection analysis
 data_Steiger et al.Male CHC and Fitness
 data for selection analysis
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r817s
title: Data from: DNA methylation and potential for epigenetic regulation in Pygospio elegans

description: Transitions in developmental mode are common evolutionarily, but how and
 why they occur is not understood. Developmental mode describes larval
 phenotypes, including morphology, ecology and behavior of larvae, which
 typically are generalized across different species. The polychaete worm
 Pygospio elegans is one of few species polymorphic in developmental mode,
 with multiple larval phenotypes, providing a possibility to examine the
 potential mechanisms allowing transitions in developmental mode. We
 investigated the presence of DNA methylation in P. elegans, and, since
 maternal provisioning is a key factor determining eventual larval
 phenotype, we compared patterns of DNA methylation in females during
 oogenesis in this species. We demonstrate that intragenic CpG site DNA
 methylation and many relevant genes necessary for DNA methylation occur in
 P. elegans. Methylation-sensitive AFLP analysis showed that gravid females
 with offspring differing in larval developmental mode have significantly
 different methylation profiles and that the females with benthic larvae
 and non-reproductive females from the same location also differ in their
 epigenetic profiles. Analysis of CpG sites in transcriptome data supported
 our findings of DNA methylation in this species and showed that CpG
 observed/expected ratios differ among females gravid with embryos destined
 to different developmental modes. The differences in CpG site DNA
 methylation patterns seen among the samples suggest a potential for
 epigenetic regulation of gene expression (through DNA methylation) in this
 species.
description: MS-AFLP_dataMethylation profiles (binary data) for P. elegans polychaetes (collected from Denmark). Data transformed with two different scoring methods (2 sheets in the file).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.425c941
title: Data from: “Green incubation”: avian offspring benefit from aromatic nest herbs through improved parental incubation behaviour

description: Development of avian embryos requires thermal energy, usually from
 parents. Parents may however trades off catering for embryonic
 requirements against their own need to forage through intermittent
 incubation. This dynamically adjusted behaviour can be affected by
 properties of the nest. Here we experimentally show a novel mechanism by
 which parents, through incorporation of aromatic herbs into nests,
 effectively modify their incubation behaviour to the benefit of their
 offspring. Our study species, the European starling, includes in its nest
 aromatic herbs which promote offspring fitness. We provided wild starlings
 with artificial nests including or excluding the typically selected fresh
 herbs and found strong support for our prediction of facilitated
 incubation. Herb effects were not explained by thermal changes of the
 nests per se, but by modified parental behaviours. Egg temperatures and
 nest attendance were higher in herb than herbless nests, egg temperatures
 dropped less frequently below critical thresholds, and parents started
 their active day earlier. These effects were dynamic over time and
 particularly strong during early incubation. Incubation period was shorter
 in herb nests, and nestlings were heavier one week after hatching.
 Aromatic herbs hence influenced incubation in beneficial ways for
 offspring, possibly through pharmacological effects on incubating parents.
description: Daily recordings from
 all nestsSee ReadMe for details
 on all included data, and see Publication and supplementary methods for
 definitions.Gwinner_etal_2018_dailydata.csvOverview data per clutchSingle entry per nest containing overall information. For details see Publication and Supplements, and the ReadMe file.Gwinner_etal_2018_clutchoverview.csvEffects of herbs on mean offspring developmentSee ReadMe for all variable names, and Publication and Supplements for further information.Gwinner_etal_2018_chick_devo_mass.csv
DOI: 10.15468/dl.repx2q
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 528 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is USA.3_1",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Rena humilis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 528 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000878-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c27k5
title: Data from: Retrospective study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure depths of acupuncture points in neck and shoulder region

description: Objectives: There are safety issues associated with acupuncture treatment.
 Previous studies regarding needling depth of acupuncture points revealed
 inconsistent results due to vague depth definition, acupuncture point
 localisation and measuring tools. The objective of this study is to find
 and compare the differences of the mean depths of 11 acupuncture points in
 the neck and shoulder region between subjects, with variables including
 gender and body mass index (BMI). Setting: This study was conducted at a
 single medical center in Taiwan. Participants: Three hundred and
 ninety-four participants were included in this study. Participants were
 grouped according to gender and BMI. Acupuncture points were localised by
 WHO standard and measured by MRI. Outcome measures: The distance from the
 needle insertion point (surface of the skin) to any tissues that would
 cause possible/severe complications. Results: Mean depths of 11 points
 were obtained in groups of different BMI and gender. Mean depths of all
 participants regardless of BMI and gender are as follows, in centimetres:
 GB21=5.6, SI14=5.2, SI15=8.8, GV15=4.9, GV16=4.6, GB20=5.0, ST9=1.6,
 SI16=1.8, SI17=2.4, TE16=3.1, LI18=1.3. Participants with higher BMI had
 greater measured depths in both gender groups. Male participants had
 larger mean depths than female participants regardless of BMI except in
 SI17 and LI18. When taking BMI into consideration, depths in male
 participants are greater than in female participants in most of the points
 except the following: GB21, TE16 in obesity group; ST9 in underweight and
 obesity group; SI16 in ideal body weight, overweight and obesity group;
 SI17, LI18 in each group. Conclusions: Participants with higher BMI had
 greater measured depths and males tended to have greater depths in most of
 the points. Clinical practitioners are recommended to consider this
 information to prevent complications when applying acupuncture treatment
 to their patients.
description: raw data of the
 study-Retrospective Study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to
 Measure Depths of Acupuncture Points in Neck and Shoulder
 RegionThis document contains
 the raw data of 394 subjects including sex,BMI and measured depth of each
 point in the study: Retrospective Study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 (MRI) to Measure Depths of Acupuncture Points in Neck and Shoulder
 Region.