DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fft
title: Data from: Signatures of localization control transition between rupture styles on basaltic megathrusts

description: Megathrust faults at subduction zones slip at a broad spectrum of rates
 from slow creep (centimeters per year) to
 dynamic rupture (meters per second), with large excess
 fluid pressures implicated as a control on nucleation style. We
 report friction measurements on oceanic basalt gouges
 (IODP Expedition 368X) at elevated temperatures (150-450 °C),
 stresses (150 MPa), and large fluid overpressures
 (30-120 MPa) to represent conditions along the descending slab
 and to link observed rheology to microtextural evolution. With reducing
 effective stress, slip instabilities are first manifested as slow-slip and
 evolve through dynamic stick-slip as a result of reduced shear
 zone width. This transition in rupture style is
 driven by an increase in effective fault stiffness
 k'c and a decrease in nucleation length L. Increased
 intergranular pressure dissolution at elevated effective stress
 mediates the shear localization
 width, controls the dynamics of strain
 localization, and leaves a structurally discernible fingerprint. Our
 results imply that effective stress-controlled mass
 transfer, together with strain
 localization, dictates the styles of
 instability nucleation manifest as slow earthquakes
 rationally evolving into
 dynamic megathrust ruptures.
description: # Data from: Signatures of localization control transition between rupture
 styles on basaltic megathrusts Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fft](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fft) ##
 Description of the data and file structure **Rui Huang, Mengke An,
 Luanxiao Zhao, Derek Elsworth, Chris Marone, Jianhang Lv, Shutian Cao,
 Qiong Wang, Hehua Zhu, Quan Gan, Fengshou Zhang. Signatures of
 localization control transition between rupture styles on basaltic
 megathrusts.** ***Communications Earth & Environment***. **Data S1**
 **The friction-displacement data for all shear experiments on basalt
 gouges.**   **Authors** Rui Huang State Key Laboratory of Disaster
 Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
 Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering,
 Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Department of Energy and Mineral
 Engineering, EMS Energy Institute and G3 Center, The Pennsylvania State
 University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
 [huangrui0512@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:huangrui0512@tongji.edu.cn)   Mengke
 An Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
 Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 100872, China
 [2015mengkean@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:2015mengkean@tongji.edu.cn)   Luanxiao
 Zhao State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai,
 China [zhaoluanxiao@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:zhaoluanxiao@tongji.edu.cn)  
 Derek Elsworth Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, EMS Energy
 Institute and G3 Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University
 Park, PA 16802, USA Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State
 University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
 [elsworth@psu.edu](mailto:elsworth@psu.edu)   Chris Marone Department of
 Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802,
 USA Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, La Sapienza Università di Roma,
 Italy [chrisjmarone@gmail.com](mailto:chrisjmarone@gmail.com)   Jianhang
 Lv State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji
 University, Shanghai 200092, China Department of Geotechnical Engineering,
 College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
 [jianhang_lv@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:jianhang_lv@tongji.edu.cn)   Shutian
 Cao State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,
 Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Department of Geotechnical
 Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai
 200092, China [caoshutian@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:caoshutian@tongji.edu.cn)
   Qiong Wang Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil
 Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Key Laboratory of
 Geotechnical & Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education,
 Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
 [qiong.wang@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:qiong.wang@tongji.edu.cn)   Hehua Zhu
 State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji
 University, Shanghai 200092, China Department of Geotechnical Engineering,
 College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
 [zhuhehua@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:zhuhehua@tongji.edu.cn)   Quan Gan State
 Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing
 University, Chongqing 400044, China School of Resources and Safety
 Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
 [quan.gan@cqu.edu.cn](mailto:quan.gan@cqu.edu.cn)   Fengshou Zhang State
 Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji
 University, Shanghai 200092, China Department of Geotechnical Engineering,
 College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
 [fengshou.zhang@tongji.edu.cn](mailto:fengshou.zhang@tongji.edu.cn) 
 
 **File lists (files found within DataS1.zip)**
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_30.xlsx Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_60.xlsx
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_90.xlsx Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_120.xlsx
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_30.xlsx Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_60.xlsx
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_90.xlsx Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_120.xlsx
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_30.xlsx Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_60.xlsx
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_90.xlsx Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_120.xlsx
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_200_80.xlsx 
 
 **File descriptions** Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_30.xlsx **– The shear
 displacement (mm) (column 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless)
 (column 2) data for Experiment BA-150-30.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_60.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-150-60.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_90.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-150-90.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_150_120.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-150-120.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_30.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-300-30.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_60.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-300-60.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_90.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-300-90.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_120.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-300-120.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_30.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-450-30.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_60.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-450-60.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_90.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-450-90.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_450_120.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm) (column
 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-450-120.** 
 
 Huang_et_al_2025_BA_300_200_80.xlsx **– The shear displacement (mm)
 (column 1) and coefficient of friction (dimensionless) (column 2) data for
 Experiment BA-300-200-80.** 
 
 ### Files and variables #### File: Data_S1.zip **Description:**  **The
 friction-displacement data for all shear experiments on basalt gouges.**