cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.13kr7
title: Data from: Long distance dispersal and genetic structure of natural populations: an assessment of the inverse isolation hypothesis in peat mosses

description: It is well accepted that the shape of the dispersal kernel, especially its
 tail, has a substantial effect on the genetic structure of species. Theory
 predicts that dispersal by fat-tailed kernels reshuffles genetic material
 and thus preserves genetic diversity during colonization. Moreover, if
 efficient long distance dispersal is coupled with random colonization, an
 inverse isolation effect is predicted to develop in which increasing
 genetic diversity per colonizer is expected with increasing distance from
 a genetically variable source. By contrast, increasing isolation leads to
 decreasing genetic diversity when dispersal is via thin-tailed kernels.
 Here we use a well-established model group for dispersal biology (peat
 mosses: genus Sphagnum) with a fat-tailed dispersal kernel, and the
 natural laboratory of the Stockholm archipelago to study the validity of
 the inverse isolation hypothesis in spore-dispersed plants in island
 colonization. Population genetic structure of three species (S. fallax, S.
 fimbriatum and S. palustre) with contrasting life histories and ploidy
 levels were investigated on a set of islands using microsatellites. Our
 data show (φ’st, AMOVA, IBD) that dispersal of the two most abundant
 species can be well approximated by a random colonization model. We find
 that genetic diversity per colonizer on islands increases with distance
 from the mainland for S. fallax and S. fimbriatum. By contrast, S.
 palustre deviates from this pattern, owing to its restricted distribution
 in the region affecting its source pool strength. Therefore, the inverse
 isolation effect appears to hold in natural populations of peat mosses
 and, likely, in other organisms with small diaspores.
description: Sphagnum fallax
 microsatellite dataMicrosatellite allele
 sizes for Sphagnum fallax.Sfallaxdry.xlsxSphagnum fimbriatum microsatellite dataMicrosatellite allele sizes for Sphagnum fimbriatum.Sfimbdry.xlsxSphagnum palustre microsatellite dataMicrosatellite data for Sphagnum palustre.Spaldry.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s2b68
title: Data from: Form–function relationships in a marine foundation species depend on scale: a shoot to global perspective from a distributed ecological experiment

description: Form-function relationships in plants underlie their ecosystem roles in
 supporting higher trophic levels through primary production, detrital
 pathways, and habitat provision. For widespread, phenotypically-variable
 plants, productivity may differ not only across abiotic conditions, but
 also from distinct morphological or demographic traits. A single
 foundation species, eelgrass (Zostera marina), typically dominates north
 temperate seagrass meadows, which we studied across 14 sites spanning
 32-61° N latitude and two ocean basins. Body size varied by nearly two
 orders of magnitude through this range, and was largest at mid-latitudes
 and in the Pacific Ocean. At the global scale, neither latitude,
 site-level environmental conditions, nor body size helped predict
 productivity (relative growth rate 1-2% d-1 at most sites), suggesting a
 remarkable capacity of Z. marina to achieve similar productivity in
 summer. Furthermore, among a suite of stressors applied within sites, only
 ambient leaf damage reduced productivity; grazer reduction and nutrient
 addition had no effect on eelgrass size or growth. Scale-dependence was
 evident in different allometric relationships within and across sites for
 productivity and for modules (leaf count) relative to size. Z. marina
 provides a range of ecosystem functions related to both body size (habitat
 provision, water flow) and growth rates (food, carbon dynamics). Our
 observed decoupling of body size and maximum production suggests that
 geographic variation in these ecosystem functions may be independent, with
 a future need to resolve how local adaptation or plasticity of body size
 might actually enable more consistent peak productivity across disparate
 environmental conditions.
description: Traits of Zostera marina
 (eelgrass)Each row contains the
 measurements for one eelgrass shoot, identified by its site of collection
 and the experimental treatment (plot)ZmarinaDataArchive.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6j1qv1m3
title: Data from: Resistance to a bacterial parasite in the Crustacean Daphnia magna shows Mendelian segregation with dominance

description: The influence of host and parasite genetic background on infection outcome
 is a topic of great interest because of its pertinence to theoretical
 issues in evolutionary biology. In the present study we use a classical
 genetics approach to examine the mode of inheritance of infection outcome
 in the crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to the bacterial parasite
 Pasteuria ramosa. In contrast to previous studies in this system we use a
 clone of P. ramosa, not field isolates, which allows for a more definitive
 interpretation of results. We test parental, F1, F2, backcross and selfed
 parental clones (total 284 genotypes) for susceptibility against a clone
 of P. ramosa using 2 different methods, infection trials and the recently
 developed attachment-test. We find that D. magna clones reliably exhibit
 either complete resistance or complete susceptibility to P. ramosa clone
 C1 and that resistance is dominant and inherited in a pattern consistent
 with Mendelian segregation of a single-locus with two alleles. The finding
 of a single host locus controlling susceptibility to P. ramosa suggests
 that the previously observed genotype-genotype interactions in this system
 have a simple genetic basis. This has important implications for the
 outcome of host-parasite coevolution. Our results add to the growing body
 of evidence that resistance to parasites in invertebrates is mostly coded
 by one or few loci with dominance.
description: Daphnia genetics
 DryadData collected on P.
 ramosa susceptibility of laboratory crosses of Daphnia magna.
 Susceptibility was determined with two methods, infection trials and
 attachments tests, see file for further description.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7t3h6
title: Data from: A qualitative study of stakeholder views regarding participation in locally commissioned enhanced optometric services

description: Objectives: to explore the views of optometrists, GPs and ophthalmologists
 regarding the development and organisation of community-based enhanced
 optometric services Design: qualitative study using free-text
 questionnaires and telephone interviews Setting: a Minor Eye Conditions
 Scheme (MECS) and a Glaucoma Referral Refinement Scheme (GRRS) based in
 accredited community optometry practices Participants: 41 optometrists, 6
 ophthalmologists and 25 GPs Results: the most common reason given by
 optometrists for participation in enhanced schemes was to further their
 professional development; however as providers of ‘for-profit’ healthcare,
 it was clear that participants had also considered the impact of the
 schemes on their business. Lack of fit with the ‘retail’ business model of
 optometry was a frequently given reason for non-participation. The methods
 used for training and accreditation were generally thought to be
 appropriate, and participating optometrists welcomed the opportunities for
 ongoing training. The ophthalmologists involved in the MECS and GRRS
 expressed very positive views regarding the schemes and widely
 acknowledged that the new care pathways would reduce unnecessary referrals
 and shorten patient waiting times. GPs involved in the MECS were also very
 supportive. They felt that the scheme provided an ‘expert’ local opinion
 that could potentially reduce the number of secondary care referrals.
 Conclusions: the results of this study demonstrated strong stakeholder
 support for the development of community-based enhanced optometric
 services. Although optometrists welcomed the opportunity to develop their
 professional skills and knowledge, enhanced schemes must also provide a
 sufficient financial incentive so as not to compromise the profitability
 of their business.
description: Data File
 (Konstantakopoulou et al 2014)Raw data file for
 'A qualitative study of stakeholder views regarding participation in
 locally commissioned enhanced optometric
 services.'
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s5331
title: Data from: Male seminal fluid substances affect sperm competition success and female reproductive behavior in a seed beetle

description: Male seminal fluid proteins are known to affect female reproductive
 behavior and physiology by reducing mating receptivity and by increasing
 egg production rates. Such substances are also though to increase the
 competitive fertilization success of males, but the empirical foundation
 for this tenet is restricted. Here, we examined the effects of injections
 of size-fractioned protein extracts from male reproductive organs on both
 male competitive fertilization success (i.e., P2 in double mating
 experiments) and female reproduction in the seed beetle Callosobruchus
 maculatus. We found that extracts of male seminal vesicles and ejaculatory
 ducts increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with
 females 1 day after the females’ initial mating, while extracts from
 accessory glands and testes increased competitive fertilization success
 when males mated with females 2 days after the females’ initial mating.
 Moreover, different size fractions of seminal fluid proteins had distinct
 and partly antagonistic effects on male competitive fertilization success.
 Collectively, our experiments show that several different seminal fluid
 proteins, deriving from different parts in the male reproductive tract and
 of different molecular weight, affect male competitive fertilization
 success in C. maculatus. Our results highlight the diverse effects of
 seminal fluid proteins and show that the function of such proteins can be
 contingent upon female mating status. We also document effects of
 different size fractions on female mating receptivity and egg laying
 rates, which can serve as a basis for future efforts to identify the
 molecular identity of seminal fluid proteins and their function in this
 model species.
description: Yamane et al
 dataData file containing all
 primary data; provided by T Yamane.Yamane et al all
 data.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.54r4n
title: Data from: Quantitative genetic analysis of brain size variation in sticklebacks: support for the mosaic model of brain evolution

description: The mosaic model of brain evolution postulates that different brain
 regions are relatively free to evolve independently from each other. Such
 independent evolution is possible only if genetic correlations among the
 different brain regions are less than unity. We estimated heritabilities,
 evolvabilities and genetic correlations of relative size of the brain, and
 its different regions in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus
 aculeatus). We found that heritabilities were low (average h2 = 0.24),
 suggesting a large plastic component to brain architecture. However,
 evolvabilities of different brain parts were moderate, suggesting the
 presence of additive genetic variance to sustain a response to selection
 in the long term. Genetic correlations among different brain regions were
 low (average rG = 0.40) and significantly less than unity. These results,
 along with those from analyses of phenotypic and genetic integration,
 indicate a high degree of independence between different brain regions,
 suggesting that responses to selection are unlikely to be severely
 constrained by genetic and phenotypic correlations. Hence, the results
 give strong support for the mosaic model of brain evolution. However, the
 genetic correlation between brain and body size was high (rG = 0.89),
 suggesting a constraint for independent evolution of brain and body size
 in sticklebacks.
description: Brain region and total
 brain volume data"Data file
 Noreikiene et al.xls" contains information on brain region (bulbus
 olfactorius, telencephalon, tectum opticum, cerebellum and hypothalamus)
 volumes and total brain volume, which were estimated using the ellipsoid
 model in three-spined sticklebacks as described in the paper. Also, the
 data file provides information on the sex and body size of individuals
 used in the study, their pedigree information and treatments they were
 exposed to. More details are provided as comments in the
 file.Data
 file Noreikiene et al.xlsGenotype
 data"Genotypes
 Noreikiene et al.xlsx" contains genotype information (10 polymorphic
 microsatellite markers) for individuals analyzed in the study and their
 parents (30 dams and 15 sires). Genotype information was used to assign
 offspring to their parents and construct a pedigree, which is also given
 in the file. More details are provided as comments in the
 file.Genotypes Noreikiene et
 al.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.21v1r72
title: Data from: Low fasting serum insulin and dementia in nondiabetic women followed for 34 years

description: Objective: A previous study reported a U-shaped association between
 fasting insulin and dementia in a 5-year follow-up of a male cohort, which
 was now re-investigated in a representative population of women followed
 over 34 years, and taking into account the incidence of diabetes. Methods:
 Fasting values for insulin and glucose were obtained from serum samples in
 1212 non-diabetic women aged 38-60 at the 1968 baseline. Risk of dementia
 was assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for insulin,
 glucose, and other covariates, and, in a second model, after censoring for
 incident cases of diabetes. Incident diabetes was considered as a third
 endpoint, for comparison with dementia. Results: Over 34 years, we
 observed 142 incident cases of dementia. The low tertile of insulin
 displayed excess risk for dementia, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.34, 95%
 confidence interval = (1.52, 3.58), compared to the medium tertile, but
 the high tertile of insulin did not, HR = 1.28 (0.81, 2.03). These
 associations were also seen for dementia without diabetes comorbidity. In
 contrast, high but not low insulin predicted incident diabetes (115
 cases), HR = 1.70 (1.08, 2.68) and HR = 0.76 (0.43, 1.37), respectively.
 Conclusions: Our results revealed a non-linear association between fasting
 serum insulin and dementia in a female population, with high risk at low
 insulin values that was not attributable to preclinical dementia or
 impaired insulin secretion. This condition suggests a new pathway to
 dementia, which differs from the metabolic pathway involving diabetes.
description: SupplementSupplemental tables with results of main analyses, and of sensitivity analyses
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51cd11j
title: Data from: Scaling up effects of measures mitigating pollinator loss from local- to landscape-level population responses

description: 1. Declining pollinator populations have caused concern about consequences
 for food production, and have initiated an increasing number of
 initiatives that aim to mitigate pollinator loss through enhancement of
 floral resources. Studies evaluating effects of mitigation measures
 generally demonstrate positive responses of pollinators to floral resource
 enhancement. However, it remains unclear whether this represents
 landscape-level population effects or results from a spatial
 redistribution of individuals from otherwise unaffected populations. 2.
 Here we present a method for estimating landscape-level population effects
 using data from commonly used standardized pollinator transect surveys.
 The approach links local density responses of pollinators in both
 mitigation sites and surrounding landscape elements to the area these
 habitats occupy in mitigation landscapes as well as control landscapes to
 obtain landscape-level population estimates. 3. We demonstrate the method
 using data from a two-year study examining the effects of experimental
 wildflower enhancements on wild bumble bees and solitary bees in Dutch
 agricultural landscapes. The results show that conclusions based on local
 responses may differ significantly from those based on landscape-level
 responses. 4. Wildflower enhancements significantly enhanced
 landscape-level abundance of both bumble bees and solitary bees. Bumble
 bees showed a pronounced positive local density response in mitigation
 sites and the surrounding landscape that was in line with significant
 landscape-level increases in abundance. However, solitary bees showed no
 local response to mitigation sites, and the landscape-level increases in
 abundance only became apparent when the area of bee habitat was taken into
 account. 5. Incorporating the area of both newly created and pre-existing
 pollinator habitats into effect estimates accounts for density-dependent
 processes such as dilution, spill-over and local concentration of
 individuals. It therefore results in more reliable estimates of the
 response to mitigation measures of pollinators, as well as other mobile
 arthropod groups that are often being surveyed using transect surveys.
description: Raw bee abundance data
 linked to the paper Kleijn et al. 2018 MEERaw data of bumble bee
 and solitary bee abundance used to analyse the response to establishment
 of wildflower fields (mitigation) at local scale (transects) and at radii
 of 0-450 m around mitigation sites (landscape scale).Kleijnetal2018_MEE_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h97jb
title: Data from: Genetic diversity of the critically endangered lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus in Poland and its implications for conservation

description: The lake minnow (Eupallasella percnurus) is critically endangered. In this
 paper we characterize the genetic properties of this fish over its range
 of occurrence in Poland and propose the use of this knowledge in its
 active protection. Twelve populations of lake minnow from across its range
 in Poland were investigated. 13 microsatellite loci were investigated to
 evaluate genetic variation and distance among populations. The magnitude
 of the genetic bottleneck or founder effects was investigated. In the
 studied populations, the allelic diversity and heterozygosity showed that
 genetic variation in this species is low. At most loci, only 2–3 alleles
 per population were detected. The average number of alleles detected
 across all loci was 35, and ranged from 24 to 53. The average observed
 heterozygosity (Ho) across all investigated loci was 0.38 (range
 0.21–0.59); the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.36 (range
 0.18–0.55). The populations remained in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The
 average Garza-Williamson M index value for all populations was low (0.47),
 suggesting a reduction in genetic variation due to a founder effect or a
 genetic bottleneck. Genetic distance among populations was high or very
 high (FST range: 0.20–0.64; δμ2 range: 1.32–16.98); this was likely a
 consequence of low gene flow among isolated populations, a founder effect
 or other genetic bottleneck, and strong genetic drift. The large genetic
 differences among the investigated lake minnow populations are likely to
 also exist among other populations of this species, and knowledge of these
 differences should inform active protection programs based on
 translocation of wild or cultivated fish of this species. The method
 presented here can potentially be applied to any population of lake
 minnows or closely related species.
description: Genotyping
 ResultsThe results of
 genetyping all fish included in studies Genetic diversity of the
 critically endangered lake minnow
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sn1m
title: Data from: Stepping-stone expansion and habitat loss explain a peculiar genetic structure and distribution of a forest insect

description: It is challenging to unravel the history of organisms with highly
 scattered populations. Such species may have fragmented distributions
 because extant populations are remnants of a previously more continuous
 range, or because the species has narrow habitat requirements in
 combination with good dispersal capacity (naturally or vector borne). The
 northern pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pinivora has a scattered
 distribution with fragmented populations in two separate regions, northern
 and south-western Europe. The aims of this study were to explore the
 glacial and postglacial history of T. pinivora, and add to the
 understanding of its current distribution and level of contemporary gene
 flow. We surveyed published records of its occurrence and analysed
 individuals from a representative subset of populations across the range.
 A 633 bp long fragment of the mtDNA COI gene was sequenced and nine
 polymorphic microsatellite loci were genotyped. Only nine nucleotide sites
 were polymorphic in the COI gene and 90% of the individuals from across
 its whole range shared the same haplotype. The microsatellite diversity
 gradually declined towards the north, and unique alleles were found in
 only three of the northern and three of southern sites. Genetic
 structuring did not indicate complete isolation among regions, but an
 increase of genetic isolation by geographic distance. Approximate Bayesian
 model choice suggested recent divergence during the postglacial period,
 but glacial refugia remain unidentified. The progressive reduction of
 suitable habitats is suggested to explain the genetic structure of the
 populations and we suggest that T. pinivora is a cold-tolerant relict
 species, with situation-dependent dispersal.
description: Thaumetopoea pinivora
 microsatellite Europe input fileThaumetopoea pinivora
 DIYABC inputfile
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.14v3m13
title: Data from: Female investment in offspring size and number shifts seasonally in a lizard with single-egg clutches

description: The timing of reproduction strongly influences reproductive success in
 many organisms. For species with extended reproductive seasons, the
 quality of the environment may change throughout the season in ways that
 impact offspring survival, and, accordingly, aspects of reproductive
 strategies may shift to maximize fitness. Life-history theory predicts
 that if offspring environments deteriorate through the season, females
 should shift from producing more, smaller offspring early in the season to
 fewer, higher quality offspring later in the season. We leverage multiple
 iterations of anole breeding colonies, which control for temperature,
 moisture, and food availability, to identify seasonal changes in
 reproduction. These breeding colonies varied only by the capture date of
 the adult animals from the field. We show that seasonal cohorts exhibit
 variation in key reproductive traits such as inter-clutch interval, egg
 size and hatchling size consistent with seasonal shifts in reproductive
 effort. Overall, reproductive effort was highest early in the season due
 to a relatively high rate of egg production. Later season cohorts produced
 fewer, but larger offspring We infer that these results indicate a
 strategy for differential allocation of resources through the season.
 Females maximize offspring quantity when environments are favorable, and
 maximize offspring quality when environments are poor for those offspring.
 Our study also highlights that subtle differences in methodology (such as
 capture date of study animals) may influence the interpretation of
 results. Researchers interested in reproduction must be conscious of how
 their organism’s reproductive patterns may shift through the season when
 designing experiments or comparing results across studies.
description: HatchlingAnalysesDataset with row for every egg/hatchling produced in the experimentMomAvgsEach row represents a mother from the experiment, and has summary data about that mother (e.g. size, average mass of eggs produced)