DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g1jwstr1k
title: Patterns of genotype-specific interactions in an obligate host-specific insect pathogenic fungus

description: Host-pathogen infections and possible effects on co-evolutionary patterns
 depend on the genotypes of both host and pathogen. Obligate fungal
 pathogens of plants are often characterised by host-pathogen
 genotype-by-genotype (GxG) interactions, but whether these patterns exist
 in obligate-insect fungal pathogens are unclear. We take advantage of the
 obligate insect pathogenic fungus Entomophthora muscae, where individual
 isolates are specific to different dipteran host species in nature but can
 cross-infect multiple fly species in the laboratory. We collected three
 new isolates of E. muscae from Drosophila species. Phylogenetic analysis
 showed that Drosophila-isolated E. muscae represent a distinct
 geographically widespread Drosophila-lineage compared to house fly (Musca
 domestica) or Delia species-isolated E. muscae. We used the three new E.
 muscae isolates from Drosophila spp. together with a genetically distinct
 E. muscae isolate from house flies and assessed their virulence in a
 cross-infection experiment using one house fly, three D. suzukii and two
 D. melanogaster genotypes as hosts. All fungal isolates successfully
 infected hosts, induced behavioural manipulation, sporulated in all fly
 hosts, and differed in virulence between host genotypes, revealing GxG
 interactions. While house flies were most susceptible to fungal infection
 with 99% mortality, we found a lower virulence of 49% and 25% mortality in
 D. melanogaster and D. suzukii genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, all
 isolates harboured a specific mycovirus (family Iflaviridae), but
 co-phylogenetic branching patterns did not support fungus-virus
 co-speciation. We show that the genetic makeup of both fungal pathogen and
 fly host influence E. muscae infectivity, confirming GxG interactions in
 obligate fly fungal pathogens.
description: # Patterns of genotype-specific interactions in an obligate host-specific
 insect pathogenic fungus There are four annotated datasets:
 coordinates.csv; AllFlies_CoxFormat2020.csv, HazardRatiosForHeatMap.csv,
 total_mortality_proportion.csv ## Description of the data and file
 structure The coordinates.csv dataset was used to illustrate the map in
 Figure 1. Table of contents for coordinates.csv * organism: Fungus or Host
 (dipteran) * genotype: Detail about which fungus or host fly genotype *
 latitude: latitudinal coordinates of collection location * longitude:
 longitudinal coordinates of collection location The
 AllFlies_CoxFormat2020.csv dataset was used in virulence analyses and to
 generate Figure 3, S1-S3. Table of contents for AllFlies_CoxFormat2020.csv
 * Species: dipteran host species * Genotype: dipteran host genotype *
 Isolate_fullName: fungal isolate ID * Isolate: fungal isolate ID
 abbreviated * Infection_date: date of exposure to sporulating or
 freeze-killed cadavers * Cadaver_deathday: the day post infection at which
 the cadaver died (6dpi or 7dpi) * Total_flies: Total number of flies used
 in the replicate * Day: day post infection of data collection (from 1 to
 7) * FlyID: ID code for each of the flies per container * Pot:
 experimental container number * Status: mortality status 0=alive, 1=dead
 (binary 0/1) The HazardRatiosForHeatMap.csv dataset was used to generate
 the heatmaps and GxG plots for Figure 4 & S4-S5. Table of contents for
 HazardRatiosForHeatMap.csv * fungus: fungal isolate ID * type: genotype or
 phenotype (species): referring to comparisons of fungal genotype to host
 for which the hazard ratios were extracted * fly_species: dipteran host
 species * fly_line: dipteran host genotype * hazard_ratio: hazard ratio
 extracted from the exp(coef) values of the coxme model outputs The
 total_mortality_proportion.csv dataset was used to determine the mortality
 rate and the generate Figure S4. Table of contents for
 total_mortality_proportion.csv * Host: dipteran host species *
 Genotype_long: dipteran host genotype * Genotype: dipteran host genotype
 abbreviated * Isolate: fungal isolate ID * Alive: Total number of flies
 still alive at the end of the experiment (10 dpi) * Dead: Total number of
 flies dead at the end of the experiment (10 dpi)