cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125729
title: Supplementary Material for: Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Germany: A Nationwide Analysis of the Years 2005-2009

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study was to provide population-based nationwide rates of the different treatment modalities of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> German Diagnosis-Related Group data of the years 2005-2009 were used to calculate hospitalisation rates for intracranial aneurysm with aSAH. This study includes over 83 million hospitalisations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 15,768 hospitalisations with a diagnosis of aSAH. Throughout the observation period, the age-standardised rate for both sexes increased by 69% (95% confidence interval, CI 54-84) for coiling and 13% (95% CI 4-23) for clipping. The estimated annual percent change in the overall hospitalisation rate was 7.4% (95% CI 5.2-9.6). Age-standardised hospitalisation rates varied considerably by region. The estimated hospitalisation rate ratio of overall hospitalisation rates (East/West) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.91) for males and 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.85) for females. After adjustment for age and co-morbidity, the hazard ratio (HR) for in-hospital mortality was higher for coiling than clipping (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23). Patients who received coiling or clipping had ventricular shunt placement in 5.0 (n = 819) and 6.1% (n = 998), respectively. The estimated length of stay was 3.3 days (95% CI 2.56-4.05) shorter for coiling than clipping. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We provide for the first time nationwide, representative hospitalisation rates for the treatment of aSAH. Our results indicate a change in the practice pattern for Germany during the observation period. We observed a gradual increase in overall hospitalisation rates for aSAH.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125741.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Protect against Oxidative Stress in <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></b> Encountering Exogenous Oxidants and Human Neutrophils

description: To establish infection successfully, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> must evade clearance by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). We studied the expression and regulation of the methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) that are involved in the repair of oxidized staphylococcal proteins and investigated their influence on the fate of <i>S. aureus </i>exposed to oxidants or PMN. We evaluated a mutant deficient in <i>msrA1 </i>and <i>msrB </i>for susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and PMN. The expression of <i>msrA1</i> in wild-type bacteria ingested by human PMN was assessed by real-time PCR. The regulation of <i>msr </i>was studied by screening a library of two-component regulatory system (TCS) mutants for altered <i>msr</i> responses. Relative to the wild-type bacteria, bacteria deficient in Msr were more susceptible to oxidants and PMN. Upregulation of staphylococcal <i>msrA1 </i>occurred within the phagosomes of normal PMN and PMN deficient in NADPH oxidase activity. Furthermore, PMN granule-rich extract stimulated the upregulation of <i>msrA1.</i> Modulation of <i>msrA1</i> within PMN was shown to be partly dependent on the VraSR TCS. Msr contributes to staphylococcal responses to oxidative attack and PMN. Our study highlights a novel interaction between the oxidative protein repair pathway and the VraSR TCS that is involved in cell wall homeostasis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125726
title: Supplementary Material for: Comparison of Ductoscopy, Galactography, and Imaging Modalities for the Evaluation of Intraductal Lesions: A Critical Review

description: <b><i>Background: </i></b>Today, in cases of nipple discharge of unclear origin, the abundance of diagnostic procedures - a ‚diagnostic dilemma' - becomes apparent, because unequivocal indications and a current, standardized examination sequence are presently not available. The diagnostic workup of patients with nipple discharge usually includes the clinical history, physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, galactography, and nipple discharge cytology, but not ductoscopy. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>In this review we analyze and discuss the possible role of ductoscopy in evaluating intraductal pathologies and its combined use with diagnostic imaging modalities. For this purpose, we reviewed and compared the results of the radiological, pathological, and surgical studies independently. <b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>Currently, there is no solitary accurate modality to reach our definitive purpose. Being aware of the capability of each diagnostic modality may take us closer to our target. Therefore, adjunct and appropriate use of multiple imaging modalities and ductoscopy is necessary to evaluate patients with nipple discharge.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125729.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Germany: A Nationwide Analysis of the Years 2005-2009

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study was to provide population-based nationwide rates of the different treatment modalities of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> German Diagnosis-Related Group data of the years 2005-2009 were used to calculate hospitalisation rates for intracranial aneurysm with aSAH. This study includes over 83 million hospitalisations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 15,768 hospitalisations with a diagnosis of aSAH. Throughout the observation period, the age-standardised rate for both sexes increased by 69% (95% confidence interval, CI 54-84) for coiling and 13% (95% CI 4-23) for clipping. The estimated annual percent change in the overall hospitalisation rate was 7.4% (95% CI 5.2-9.6). Age-standardised hospitalisation rates varied considerably by region. The estimated hospitalisation rate ratio of overall hospitalisation rates (East/West) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.91) for males and 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.85) for females. After adjustment for age and co-morbidity, the hazard ratio (HR) for in-hospital mortality was higher for coiling than clipping (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23). Patients who received coiling or clipping had ventricular shunt placement in 5.0 (n = 819) and 6.1% (n = 998), respectively. The estimated length of stay was 3.3 days (95% CI 2.56-4.05) shorter for coiling than clipping. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We provide for the first time nationwide, representative hospitalisation rates for the treatment of aSAH. Our results indicate a change in the practice pattern for Germany during the observation period. We observed a gradual increase in overall hospitalisation rates for aSAH.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125732
title: Supplementary Material for: Sepsis-Induced Potentiation of Peritoneal Macrophage Migration Is Mitigated by Programmed Cell Death Receptor-1 Gene Deficiency

description: The effect of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) on phagocyte function has not been extensively described. Here we report that experimental mouse sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), induced a marked increase in peritoneal macrophage random migration, motility and cell spread, but these changes were lost in the absence of PD-1. Alternatively, phagocytic activity was inversely affected. In vitro cell culture imaging studies, with the macrophage cell line J774, documented that blocking PD-1 with antibody led to aggregation of the cytoskeletal proteins α-actinin and F-actin. Further experiments looking at ex vivo peritoneal macrophages from mice illustrated that a similar pattern of α-actinin and F-actin was evident on cells from wild-type CLP mice but not PD-1-/- CLP mouse cells. We also observed that fMLP-induced migration by J774 cells was markedly attenuated using PD-1 blocking antibodies, a nonselective phosphatase inhibitor and a selective Ras-related protein 1 inhibitor. Finally, peritoneal macrophages derived from CLP as opposed to Sham mice demonstrated aspects of both cell surface co-localization with CD11b and internalization of PD-1 within vacuoles independent of CD11b staining. Together, we believe the data support a role for PD-1 in mediating aspects of innate macrophage immune dysfunction during sepsis, heretofore unappreciated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125720
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Term Outcomes of Developmental Exposure to Fluoxetine: A Review of the Animal Literature

description: During and following pregnancy, women are at high risk of experiencing depression, for which fluoxetine (FLX; brand names Prozac, Sarafem, Rapiflux) is the most commonly prescribed treatment. An estimated 1.4-2.1% of pregnant women use this medication, which inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and thereby increases serotonergic activity at the synapse. Serotonin acts as a cue guiding numerous neurodevelopmental processes, and changes in the concentration of serotonin can disrupt normal in utero brain development and organization in humans and other animals, thus providing a mechanism by which maternal intake of FLX might alter neural development and ultimately behaviour. Despite this possibility, long-term alterations of behaviour and the brain have not been well studied in individuals exposed to FLX during pregnancy or soon after birth, perhaps because conducting such studies beyond infancy presents significant challenges. To remedy this problem, many researchers have turned to modelling the effects of developmental FLX exposure in non-human animals, primarily rodents. The body of literature on this topic has expanded considerably over the past several years, yet a comprehensive review is lacking. In order to fill this gap, we have summarized the findings of those studies describing the long-term behavioural and neurophysiological effects of FLX exposure in non-human animals in early development. We also discuss methodological considerations and common shortcomings of research in this area. The precise nature of the long-term effects of developmental FLX exposure remains difficult to specify, as these effects appear to be highly variable and dependent on numerous factors. Overall, however, it is clear that early FLX exposure in non-human animals can alter the development of the brain in ways that are relevant to behaviour in adulthood, decreasing exploration and social interaction, and in some cases altering anxiety- and depression-like behaviours.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125723
title: Supplementary Material for: Diagnostic Yield and Safety of Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Lung Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is an emerging endoscopic technique for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. A thorough analysis of ENB's yield and safety is required for comparison to other sampling modalities. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To describe ENB's yield and safety profile. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies reporting ENB's yield for peripheral lung lesions. Two independent investigators extracted data and rated each study on a scale of methodological quality. Clearly defined performance outcomes were reconstructed and meta-analyzed. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to identify possible sources of study heterogeneity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 15 trials were included (1,033 lung nodules). A positive and definitive diagnosis was obtained after 64.9% of all ENB procedures (95% CI 59.2-70.3). Overall diagnostic accuracy was 73.9% (95% CI 68.0-79.2). Sensitivity to detect cancer was 71.1% (95% CI 64.6-76.8), with a negative predictive value of 52.1% (95% CI 43.5-60.6). Pneumothorax occurred in 3.1% of patients, requiring chest tube drainage in 1.6% of these cases. Original trials identified 6 variables associated with higher ENB yields: nodule location in the upper or middle lobes, nodule size, lower registration error, presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging, combined use of an ultrasonic radial probe, and catheter suctioning as a sampling technique. Heterogeneity exploration revealed that studies using general anesthesia or rapid on-site cytological evaluation reported better yields. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> ENB is effective and particularly safe. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of several variables conditioning the yield of this technique.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125720.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Term Outcomes of Developmental Exposure to Fluoxetine: A Review of the Animal Literature

description: During and following pregnancy, women are at high risk of experiencing depression, for which fluoxetine (FLX; brand names Prozac, Sarafem, Rapiflux) is the most commonly prescribed treatment. An estimated 1.4-2.1% of pregnant women use this medication, which inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and thereby increases serotonergic activity at the synapse. Serotonin acts as a cue guiding numerous neurodevelopmental processes, and changes in the concentration of serotonin can disrupt normal in utero brain development and organization in humans and other animals, thus providing a mechanism by which maternal intake of FLX might alter neural development and ultimately behaviour. Despite this possibility, long-term alterations of behaviour and the brain have not been well studied in individuals exposed to FLX during pregnancy or soon after birth, perhaps because conducting such studies beyond infancy presents significant challenges. To remedy this problem, many researchers have turned to modelling the effects of developmental FLX exposure in non-human animals, primarily rodents. The body of literature on this topic has expanded considerably over the past several years, yet a comprehensive review is lacking. In order to fill this gap, we have summarized the findings of those studies describing the long-term behavioural and neurophysiological effects of FLX exposure in non-human animals in early development. We also discuss methodological considerations and common shortcomings of research in this area. The precise nature of the long-term effects of developmental FLX exposure remains difficult to specify, as these effects appear to be highly variable and dependent on numerous factors. Overall, however, it is clear that early FLX exposure in non-human animals can alter the development of the brain in ways that are relevant to behaviour in adulthood, decreasing exploration and social interaction, and in some cases altering anxiety- and depression-like behaviours.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125732.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Sepsis-Induced Potentiation of Peritoneal Macrophage Migration Is Mitigated by Programmed Cell Death Receptor-1 Gene Deficiency

description: The effect of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) on phagocyte function has not been extensively described. Here we report that experimental mouse sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), induced a marked increase in peritoneal macrophage random migration, motility and cell spread, but these changes were lost in the absence of PD-1. Alternatively, phagocytic activity was inversely affected. In vitro cell culture imaging studies, with the macrophage cell line J774, documented that blocking PD-1 with antibody led to aggregation of the cytoskeletal proteins α-actinin and F-actin. Further experiments looking at ex vivo peritoneal macrophages from mice illustrated that a similar pattern of α-actinin and F-actin was evident on cells from wild-type CLP mice but not PD-1-/- CLP mouse cells. We also observed that fMLP-induced migration by J774 cells was markedly attenuated using PD-1 blocking antibodies, a nonselective phosphatase inhibitor and a selective Ras-related protein 1 inhibitor. Finally, peritoneal macrophages derived from CLP as opposed to Sham mice demonstrated aspects of both cell surface co-localization with CD11b and internalization of PD-1 within vacuoles independent of CD11b staining. Together, we believe the data support a role for PD-1 in mediating aspects of innate macrophage immune dysfunction during sepsis, heretofore unappreciated.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125714
title: Supplementary Material for: Role of Aquaporin-5 in Gallbladder Carcinoma

description: <b><i>Background/Purpose:</i></b> Aquaporins (AQPs) are important in controlling bile formation. However, the exact role in human gallbladder carcinogenesis has not yet been defined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> AQP-5-expressing gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) cell lines (NOZ) were transfected with anti-AQP-5 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Growth, migration, invasion assay, and drug susceptibility tests were performed. Next, microRNA (miRNA) expression was analyzed by miRNA oligo chip (3D-Gene®). AQP-5 and AQP-5-related miRNA target gene expressions were also analyzed using tissue microarray (TMA) in 44 GBC samples. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Treatment with AQP-5 siRNA decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. On the other hand, those cells increased IC<sub>50</sub> of gemcitabine. By performing miRNA assays, miR-29b, -200a, and -21 were shown to be highly overexpressed in cells treated with AQP-5 siRNA NOZ. When focusing on miR-21, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was found to be a target of miR-21. In the TMA, AQP-5/PTEN coexpression was significantly associated with the depth of invasion and MIB-1 index (p = 0.003, 0.010). Survival of patients with a high AQP-5/PTEN coexpression was longer than that of patients with a low coexpression (p = 0.003). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our result suggested that miR-21 and PTEN may contribute to the role of AQP-5 in GBC. AQP-5 and PTEN cascades are favorable biomarkers of GBC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125717
title: Supplementary Material for: Emergence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late Middle-Aged Adults in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> It is difficult to reliably detect the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated cognitive impairment. Our aim was to compare 3 psychometric methods of identifying amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in a middle-aged longitudinal cohort enriched for AD risk. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) participants with 3 waves of cognitive assessment over approximately 6 years were coded as meeting each of 3 psychometric aMCI definitions: (a) ‘aMCI standard-baseline' used published norms to establish cutoffs for baseline performance; (b) ‘aMCI robust-baseline' applied WRAP-specific robust norms to baseline, and (c) ‘aMCI robust-multiwave' applied these robust norms across 3 waves of assessment. Each group was compared to a cognitively healthy subset. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Half the aMCI standard-baseline and one third of the aMCI robust-baseline group reverted to normal ranges at follow-up. Only the aMCI robust-multiwave method had an aMCI × age interaction showing significantly worse age-related memory declines in the aMCI group compared to the cognitively healthy group over 6 years of follow-up. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both cross-sectional methods showed instability over time, with many reverting to normal performance after baseline. The multiwave approach identified a group who showed progressive memory declines over 3 visits. Being able to detect progressive decline in late middle age is a critical step in improving prevention efforts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125708
title: Supplementary Material for: Policy Decisions on Endocrine Disruptors Should Be Based on Science across Disciplines: A Response to Dietrich et al.

description: Medicine
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125711
title: Supplementary Material for: NOTCH1 Expression Predicts Patient Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer

description: <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains poor, and the classification of tumor node metastasis has proven insufficient to predict patient prognosis. Therefore, novel predictive markers of esophageal cancer prognosis are needed. Notch receptors and their ligands have been reported to be upregulated in cervical, lung, colon, renal, and pancreatic cancers, but NOTCH1 expression has not been studied in esophageal cancer. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Expression of NOTCH1 was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 55 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and their paired normal esophageal mucosa. We then examined the correlations between NOTCH1 expression, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis in patients with ESCC. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The probability of overall survival was significantly lower for patients with high NOTCH1 expression (p = 0.0028; log-rank test). Overexpression of NOTCH1 was identified as a significant and independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0061) in patients who had undergone surgical treatment for ESCCs. The hazard ratio for predicting early death was 4.298 (95% confidence interval 1.515-12.195) for high versus low NOTCH1 expression. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data indicate that NOTCH1 may be a candidate molecular prognostic marker and a molecular target for the development of an effective therapeutic intervention for patients with ESCC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125702
title: Supplementary Material for: Long-Lasting Effects of BCG Vaccination on Both Heterologous Th1/Th17 Responses and Innate Trained Immunity

description: We have recently shown that BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination in healthy volunteers induces epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes, leading to increased cytokine production in response to nonrelated pathogens for up to 3 months after vaccination. This phenomenon was named ‘trained immunity'. In the present study we assessed whether BCG was able to induce long-lasting effects on both trained immunity and heterologous T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 immune responses 1 year after vaccination. The production of TNFα and IL-1β to mycobacteria or unrelated pathogens was higher after 2 weeks and 3 months postvaccination, but these effects were less pronounced 1 year after vaccination. However, monocytes recovered 1 year after vaccination had an increased expression of pattern recognition receptors such as CD14, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mannose receptor, and this correlated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokine production after stimulation with the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide. The heterologous production of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th17 (IL-17 and IL-22) immune responses to nonmycobacterial stimulation remained strongly elevated even 1 year after BCG vaccination. In conclusion, BCG induces sustained changes in the immune system associated with a nonspecific response to infections both at the level of innate trained immunity and at the level of heterologous Th1/Th17 responses.