DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29852081
title: Technical Efficiency Analysis of Coffee Production in West Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: The Case of Smallholder Farmers in Gimbi District

description: <b>Description of the data and file structure</b><i>Principal Investigator Contact Information</i>Name: Alemu Olika (MSC & MA)Institution: Wollega University ^ Development Bank of Ethiopiaemail: alemuolika2015@yahoo.com / alemuo@dbe.com.et<i>Alternate Contact Information</i>Name: Gemechu Mulatu (PHD)Institution: Wollega UniversityEmail: gemechumu@wollegauniversity.edu.et<b>Dataset Overview</b>These data were collected from the coffee producers’ farmers in the study area. A few kebeles were chosen for the research. Before data collection, the following considerations were done:• The purpose & the importance of the study were explained for the participants of the study. Then, the respondents were orally informed that they have the right to participate or not in the filling the questionnaire. Thus, the participants in the study were participating in the study by only filling out the questionnaire.• Oral communication was used to explain to the sample responders that the data-gathering procedures should not cause confusion & harm participants. Clear and impartial preparation went into creating the questionnaire.This study did not use experimental subjects based on humans or animals. It was only a technical efficiency study of farmers’ coffee producing practices.The enumerators were trained in the data collection procedures. In the study, cross-sectional household data from the 2021 main harvest cropping seasons were used. Data for input (such as land, human labor, fertilizer, coffee plants, and herbicides) were used, and the output of coffee production was collected from a specified period of time. Data on input use and output were collected in local units and converted into standard units. In addition, primary data were collected by interviewing the selected coffee producers’ farmers and variables that cause variation in production efficiency, such as age, education, household size, extension contact, and gender. In addition, socioeconomic variables such as demographic data, credit access, livestock holdings, wealth indicators, and institutional data were collected. On the other hand, data related to coffee production trends, input supply, and extension services are gathered to clarify and support the analysis and interpretation of primary data.The questionnaire has been printed after it has been approved by the College of Business and Economics Research and Technology Transfer Associate Dean of Wollega University. The researcher personally visited the selected smallholder farmers at coffee bean collection and harvesting time and kindly encouraged them to fill out the questionnaire objectively without any biases.<b>Sources of Data</b>This data was prepared to study the technical in/efficiency of coffee production. Thus, as the primary data the data was collected from the selected farmers, those currently participate in coffee production. Therefore, it can desrcibed as both quantitative and qualitative data, as well as primary and secondary sources. The primary data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. In the collection of data, a structured questionnaire was developed and evaluated. The questionnaire was refined and modified based on the pre-test input. The primary data collection process was conducted by the enumerator, the district’s development agents, and the researcher. This data was also gathered from governmental and non-governmental institutions, published and unpublished documents, websites, and other relevant sources for analysis and descriptive purposes.<b>Dates of Data Collection</b>1. Primary data collection - 20212. Secondary data collection - 2021Approximately 31,610 farmers from 30 kebeles represented the district’s entire coffee-producing population. During the second phase, four kebeles belonging to the main coffee producers were purposively chosen from these kebeles because of their sizable coffee fields and the necessity of determining the districts’ most and least productive coffee-producing areas. There were 1108 people living in these four kebeles. The third stage was the random selection of 285 samples using the Kothari formula.Declaration of FundingThe authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study at all.<b>Human Subjects De-Identification Statement</b>To the greatest extent feasible, this data has undergone thorough de-identification. Names, addresses, email addresses, and other direct identifiers have all been permanently deleted, along with all other personally identifiable information (PII). Furthermore, even with the use of easily accessible information, the data has been processed to remove any chance of reasonably determining an individual’s identity.<b>Description of the data and file structure</b>The primary raw data from the chosen study area was entered into an Excel spreadsheet called “Raw_Data_s_of_Technical_efficiency_analysis_of_coffee_production” and shared to this data repository. Additionally, Description_and_Meanings_of_Variables: in this there is one dependent variable called total output and two types of explanatory variables. We used this 1st numbering (first independent variables) output as dependent variables and the rest five variables (landcoff = land where the matured coffee covered, laborcoff = labor force for coffee production, Coffplant = matured coffee plant those starting to give a coffee bean, orgfert = organic fertilizer and herbicides) as explanatory variables to measure the elasticity of coffee production in the study area.The second ((second numbering) second variables) set of 12 explanatory variables (ageofhhh = age of household head, sexofhhh = sex of household head, educofhhh =educational level of household head, hhsize = size of household, tlu =tropical livestock unit, offincome = off/non-farm income, totcultland = total cultivable land, totlandfrg = total land fragmentation, avrgplotdist = average plot distance, extcontact = extension contact service, train = training to farmer, credit = credit service for farmer) are factors that may contribute to technical inefficiency of coffee producers in the study area. The Description_and_Meanings_of_Variables xls sheet has a thorough description of each and describe unit of measurement applicable in the study was explained.<b>Word document uploaded as: Questionnairs_for_Technical_Efficiency_Analysis_of_Coffee_Production</b>These are the word documents that we utilized to get respondents’ raw data. It comprises the six components of the raw data collected from the respondents. Part I: General information about sample farmers; Part II: Economic information; Part III: General information about coffee farming; Part IV: Fertilizer & Chemicals (Herbicides); Part V: Extension service and training; and Part VI: Credit service<b>Word document uploaded as: Sources_of_data_Sampling_Technique__and_Sample_Size</b>These documents provide data sources, sampling methodology, and sample size calculations. In general, to explain where the data were collected, the selection of sample household heads, and the calculation of sample size.<b>Figures:</b>Figure 1: Graph of Input-oriented measures for technical, allocative and economic efficienciesFigure 2: Graph Technical Allocative and Economic efficiency through output oriented measurementFigure 3: Sketch of Conceptual Framework of the StudyFigure 4: Map of the Study Area; location of the kebeles where the data was collectedFigure 5: Skewedness of Farmers Technical EfficiencyFiles and variablesFile: Questionnairs_for_Technical_Efficiency_Analysis_of_Coffee_Production.docx<b>Description:</b> The structured questionnaire designed to collect the primary data from respondent.File: Raw_Data_s_of_Technical_efficiency_analysis_of_coffee_production.xlsx<b>Description:</b> It contains the collected data in a suitable form for Stata software. In these there is one dependent variable and two sets of independent variables.<i>Variables</i>totoutput = total output, which is employed in the study as a dependent variable. The amount of coffee yield obtained in one season of the production year.(landcoff = land where the matured coffee covered, laborcoff = labor force for coffee production, Coffplant = matured coffee plant those starting to give a coffee bean, orgfert = organic fertilizer and herbicides) as independent variables to measure the elasticity of coffee production in the study area.The second variables set of 12 idependent variables (ageofhhh = age of household head, sexofhhh = sex of household head, educofhhh =educational level of household head, hhsize = size of household, tlu =tropical livestock unit, offincome = off/non-farm income, totcultland = total cultivable land, totlandfrg = total land fragmentation, avrgplotdist = average plot distance, extcontact = extension contact service, train = training to farmer, credit = credit service for farmer) are factors that may contribute to technical inefficiency of coffee producers in the study area.File: Figure*1 *Graph_of_Input_Oriented_measures_for_Technical_Allocative_and_Economic_Efficiency111.tiff<b>Description:</b> The graph of Input-oriented measures of a farmer’s efficiency that use two inputs (Z1 and Z2) to produce a single output under the assumption of continuous return to scale are depicted in Figure 1 Z1 and Z2, the two inputs, are displayed on the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. KK’ is an isoquant of a completely effective company. Each point on this isoquant represents technically efficient manufacturing. Let’s say a company is operating at point X in Figure 1, producing at the same rate as the fully efficient farmers.File: Figure_2_Technical_Allocative_and_Economic_efficiency_through_output_oriented_measurement<b>Description:</b> The Graph The output changes that a company may accomplish with the same amount of inputs are the main emphasis of output-oriented measurements of efficiency. The idea of outcome-oriented Figure 2 may be used to show the efficiency measures of a company that uses one input to produce two outputs (let’s say Y1 and Y2). The horizontal and vertical axes, respectively, indicate the two outputs, Y1 and Y2. The production possibility curve, or SS<i>, displays many combinations of two outputs (Y1 and Y2) that can be generated from a certain level of input (Y1). An effective technique from a technical standpoint is the SS</i> production possibility curve. Technically efficient firms are those that are generating at this curve. Technically speaking, a company producing at point C is inefficient since it is below the production potential curve (SS*), which shows the maximum amount of possible output.File: Figure_5_Skewedness_of_Farmers_Technical_Efficiency<b>Description:</b> Stata output graph.File: Figure_3_Conceptual_Framework_of_the_Study<b>Description:</b> Conceptual framework of the study described as a web of connected ideas that, when taken as a whole, offer a thorough comprehension of a situation. Stated differently, it is a written or visual result that provides a narrative or graphic explanation of the primary subjects of study. The conceptual framework of this study is based on the new institutional economics’ institutional assessment and growth technique.<br>File: Figure_4_Map_of_the_Study_Area<b>Description:</b> The map of the area being studied shows the kebeles that make up the study geographic area. A few kebeles were chosen purposively because of their large coffee farms and the need to determine which areas of the district were most and least productive for producing coffee.File: Description_and_Meanings_of_Variables.xlsx<b>Description:</b> uploaded to explain the meanings of the data’s variables one by one. It includes an explanation of each of the two sets of independent variables in the data as well as the dependent variable (output).<b><i>Variables</i></b>totoutput = total output, dependent variable.set 1. Independent variables that measures the elasticity of coffee production in study areaset 2. Independent variables that may cause technical inefficiency of coffee producers in study area<b>Unit of measurement</b>1Quintal of coffee yield = 100kg1hectare land = 10000m^21day working hours = 8 hoursCredit = is the type of loan which will obtained from local credit service in Ethiopian birrThis data is Cross-Sectional DataThis Data is Collected 2022 Production yearTLU = Tropical Livestock unit ; Estimation of Livestock owned by farmers; (by tropical livestock unit conversation). It is an estimation amount. Because cattle can be die, sold etc…Sex = Sex of the household head a dummy variable. It coded with a value of 1and, 0.HH Size = It is not the entire family memberFile: Sources_of_data_Sampling_Technique__and_Sample_Size.docx<b>Description:</b> These documents provide data sources, sampling methodology, and sample size calculations. In general, to explain where the data were collected, the selection of sample household heads, and the calculation of sample size.Code/softwareIn this work, a cross-sectional dataset including 285 respondents was utilized for econometric research to estimate the combined frontier inefficiency model. The many factors influencing the productivity efficiency of coffee growers were estimated using the Stata 15.0 version software package (StataCorp LLC, 2017)Access informationOther publicly accessible locations of the data:-Data was derived from the following sources:Agricultural and Rural Development OfficeCoffee, Tea and spices Development OfficePrimary data was collected within a structured questionnaire by trained enumerators and researchers from the district’s development agency employees and from the selected farmers of the study area.Human subjects dataTo the greatest extent feasible, this data has undergone thorough de-identification. Names, addresses, email addresses, and other direct identifiers have all been permanently deleted, along with all other personally identifiable information (PII). Furthermore, even with the use of easily accessible information, the data has been processed to remove any chance of reasonably determining an individual’s identity.<br>