DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17315481
title: Large datasets to accompany Richardson et al. (2025), "The entities enabling scientific fraud at scale are large, resilient, and growing rapidly"

description: Here are various large files used in the code for Richardson et al. (2025), "The entities enabling scientific fraud at scale are large, resilient, and growing rapidly", available at https://github.com/amarallab/systematic_fraud. Place these files in a directory named data/ at the same level as the notebooks/ directory. Note that other entries in the data/ directory referenced in the code cannot be shared publicly because of copyright and license agreements. Data, Materials, and Software Availability. Code is available at github.com/amarallab/systematic_fraud (98). Code for topic analyses is available at github.com/amarallab/Science_fraud_topic_analysis (99). Some study data are available: All data presented in this work which is not under license from Clarivate (WoS,readers should wosg.support@clarivate.com for more details) or the PubPeer Foundation (readers should contact contact@pubpeer.com for more details) are available in SI Appendix. Historical data on indexing from Scopus (52), MEDLINE (53, 54), and OpenAlex (47) are publicly available. XML dumps from PLOS journals are publicly available (59). XML dumps from Hindawi journals were publicly available at the time of our analysis (60) but are no longer provided publicly by Wiley. Archives of the April 2, 2024, version of the dataset are available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13922491) (100) and Academic Torrents (https://academictorrents.com/details/d402d0f51e2174d515b8a38d5af81478102a9f12) (101).Files here are described below.openalex_articles_230328.csv: Contains processed article-level data from OpenAlex, downloaded 23 March 2023, including article work IDs, source IDs, publication year and entry type. OpenAlex data is freely available to download and newer official versions of the dataset should be preferred (see https://docs.openalex.org/download-all-data/openalex-snapshot). paper_mill_dois_240418.csv: A .csv version of the same data contained in Dataset S02 in the published article.240304_retraction_watch_db.csv: A 4 March 2024 download of the Retraction Watch database. The Retraction Watch database is freely available to download and newer official versions of the dataset should be preferred (see https://retractionwatch.com/retraction-watch-database-user-guide/).240321_tortured_phrases.csv: A 21 March 2024 download of every column in the Tortured Phrases tracker of the Problematic Paper Screener (PPS). PPS data is freely available to download (Action > Download) and newer official versions of the dataset should be preferred (see www.irit.fr/~Guillaume.Cabanac/problematic-paper-screener/).240612_cas_ewl_YYYY.csv: 12 June 2024 downloads of the Chinese Academy of Science Early Warning list from year YYYY, available at https://ewl.fenqubiao.com/.240301_retraction_watch_hijacked_journal.csv: 1 March 2024 downloads of the Retraction Watch Hijacked Journal Checker. The Retraction Watch Hijacked Journal Checker is freely available to download and newer official versions of the dataset should be preferred (see https://retractionwatch.com/the-retraction-watch-hijacked-journal-checker/).cumulative_our_team_240709.csv and pap_dimensions_240709.csv: July 9 2024 counts of query results on Google Scholar and Dimensions, as described in the caption of Figure S24.