DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11531578
title: AstroChat - A Dataset of synthetically generated conversations for LLM supervised fine-tuning in the domain of Space Mission Engineering and Astronautics

description: AstroChat Dataset Description

Purpose and Scope

The AstroChat dataset is a collection of 901 dialogues, synthetically generated, tailored to the specific domain of Astronautics / Space Mission Engineering. This dataset will be frequently updated following feedback from the community. If you would like to contribute, please reach out in the community discussion.

Intended Use

The dataset is intended to be used for supervised fine-tuning of chat LLMs (Large Language Models). Due to its currently limited size, you should use a pre-trained instruct model and ideally augment the AstroChat dataset with other datasets in the area of (Science Technology, Engineering and Math).

DATASET DESCRIPTION

Access



Manual download from Hugging face hub: https://huggingface.co/datasets/patrickfleith/AstroChat

Or with python:


from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("patrickfleith/AstroChat")


Structure

901 generated conversations between a simulated user and AI-assistant (more on the generation method below). Each instance is made of the following field (column):



id: a unique identifier to refer to this specific conversation. Useeful for traceability purposes, especially for further processing task or merge with other datasets.

topic: a topic within the domain of Astronautics / Space Mission Engineering. This field is useful to filter the dataset by topic, or to create a topic-based split.

subtopic: a subtopic of the topic. For instance in the topic of Propulsion, there are subtopics like Injector Design, Combustion Instability, Electric Propulsion, Chemical Propulsion, etc.

persona: description of the persona used to simulate a user

opening_question: the first question asked by the user to start a conversation with the AI-assistant

messages: the whole conversation messages between the user and the AI assistant in already nicely formatted for rapid use with the transformers library. A list of messages where each message is a dictionary with the following fields:



role: the role of the speaker, either user or assistant

content: the message content. For the assistant, it is the answer to the user's question. For the user, it is the question asked to the assistant.




Important See the full list of topics and subtopics covered below.

Metadata

Dataset is version controlled and commits history is available here: https://huggingface.co/datasets/patrickfleith/AstroChat/commits/main

Generation Method

We used a method inspired from Ultrachat dataset. Especially, we implemented our own version of Human-Model interaction from Sector I: Questions about the World of their paper:

Ding, N., Chen, Y., Xu, B., Qin, Y., Zheng, Z., Hu, S., ... & Zhou, B. (2023). Enhancing chat language models by scaling high-quality instructional conversations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14233.

Step-by-step description



Defined a set of user persona

Defined a set of topics/ disciplines within the domain of Astronautics / Space Mission Engineering

For each topics, we defined a set of subtopics to narrow down the conversation to more specific and niche conversations (see below the full list)

For each subtopic we generate a set of opening questions that the user could ask to start a conversation (see below the full list)

We then distil the knowledge of an strong Chat Model (in our case ChatGPT through then api with gpt-4-turbo model) to generate the answers to the opening questions

We simulate follow-up questions from the user to the assistant, and the assistant's answers to these questions which builds up the messages.


Future work and contributions appreciated



Distil knowledge from more models (Anthropic, Mixtral, GPT-4o, etc...)

Implement more creativity in the opening questions and follow-up questions

Filter-out questions and conversations which are too similar

Ask topic and subtopic expert to validate the generated conversations to have a sense on how reliable is the overall dataset


Languages

All instances in the dataset are in english

Size

901 synthetically-generated dialogue

USAGE AND GUIDELINES

License

AstroChat © 2024 by Patrick Fleith is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Restrictions

No restriction. Please provide the correct attribution following the license terms.

Citation

Patrick Fleith, AstroChat – A Dataset of synthetically generated conversations for LLM supervised fine-tuning in the domain of Space Mission Engineering and Astronautics, (2024).

Update Frequency

Will be updated based on feedbacks. I am also looking for contributors. Help me create more datasets for Space Engineering LLMs :)

Have a feedback or spot an error?

Use the community discussion tab directly on the huggingface AstroChat dataset page.

Contact Information

Reach me here on the community tab or on LinkedIn (Patrick Fleith) with a Note.

Number of conversation per topic category

Space Propulsion Systems                                         135
Human Spaceflight                                                 50
Entry Descent and Landing (EDL)                                   45
Mechanisms                                                        45
Planetary Rovers                                                  45
Attitude Determination and Control                                45
Telecommunication                                                 41
Space Business                                                    40
Structures                                                        40
Materials                                                         40
Launchers, Launches, Launch Operations                            36
Power System                                                      35
Payload S/S and Optics                                            35
Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS)     35
Space Missions Operations                                         31
Space Environment                                                 30
Command and Data System                                           30
Orbital Mechanics                                                 30
Space Law                                                         26
Ground Systems                                                    25
Thermal Control                                                   25
Space Processes                                                   20
Planetary Science and Exploration                                 17


Topics and subtopics covered

topic: [ Space Law ]

subtopics:



Space Law Basics

1998 ISS agreement

Outer Sppace Treaty

Geostationary Orbit Regulations

Space Traffic Management

French Space Law


topic: [ Space Business ]

subtopics:



New Space

Satellite Insurance

Financing Space Project (in EU)

Commercial Satellite Launch Services

Space Tourism

Business Models for Space Stations

Public-private Partnerships

Economic Impact of Space Technologies


topic: [ Space Missions Operations ]

subtopics:



Flight control team

Flight Dynamics

Procedure Preparation and Validation

Mission Planning

Extravehicular Activities (EVAs)

Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres

Mission Termination and De-Orbit Strategies


topic: [ Human Spaceflight ]

subtopics:



Astronaut Selection

Astronaut Training

research experiments onboard of the ISS

Human Mission to Mars Design

Environmental Control and Life Support Systems

Moon Surface Habitats

Microgravity effects

Space Suit Design and Operation

Space Medicine

Space Food


topic: [ Space Environment ]

subtopics:



Micrometeorites

Space Radiation

Solar Cycle

Spacecraft Hardening

Space Environment Effects on Satellites

Magneto-sphere and Radiation Belt


topic: [ Space Propulsion Systems ]

subtopics:



Liquid Rocket Engines

Solid Rocket Motors

Hybrid Rocket Engines

Staging and Ignition Systems

Propellant Feed Systems

Nozzle Designs

Thermodynamics

Turbopumps and/or Combustion Chambers

Specific Impulse and Thrust-to-Weight Ratios

Chemical Monopropellant Technologies

Chemical Bipropellant Systems

Nuclear Thermal Propulsion

Fuel Handling and Storage

Nuclear Propulsion Thermal Neutron Absorbers

Nuclear Propulsion Heat Exchangers

Green Propellants

Bipropellant Injector Design

Electric Ion Thrusters

Hall Effect Thrusters

Electrothermal Thrusters

Grid and Cathode Technologies

Aerospike Engines

Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR)

Bipropellant Mixing Ratios and Combustion

Cryogenic Propellant Handling

Oxydizer and Fuel Combinations

Long-term Impacts of Propellant Residues in the Atmosphere

Propellant Tank Pressurization


topic: [ Space Processes ]

subtopics:



Trade Studies

Margins, Coningencies, Reserves

Systems Engineering

Quality Assurance


topic: [ Ground Systems ]

subtopics:



Ground Stations

Ground Support Equipments

Control Centers

Tracking Systems

AntennasGround Systems Engineering


topic: [ Planetary Rovers ]

subtopics:



Mars Rovers

Lunar Rovers

Rover Instrumentation

Rover Power Systems

Rover Thermal Control

Rover Autonomy

Wheels Design

Legged Rovers

Hazard Avoidance


topic: [ Planetary Science and Exploration ]

subtopics:



Astrobiology

Exoplanets

AsteroidsJupiter

Saturn

Search for Extraterrestrial Life


topic: [ Structures ]

subtopics:



Structural Design and Analysis

Load Path Determination

Vibration and Acoustic Testing

Thermal Protection Systems

Composite Structures

Joining Techniques (e.g., Welding, Bolting, Bonding)

Manufacturing Tolerances and Quality Control

Deployable Structures (e.g., Antennas, Solar Arrays)


topic: [ Mechanisms ]

subtopics:



Actuators and Dampers

Gimbals and Bearings

Latch and Release Devices

Hinges and Deployment Systems

Robotic Arms and Tools

Valves and Fluid Control Systems

Thermal Expansion Joints

Drive Systems and Motors

Reliability and Lifetime Analysis


topic: [ Materials ]

subtopics:



Composite Materials

Metals and Alloys

Polymers and Plastics

Nano-materials

Radiation Shielding Materials

Thermal Insulation Materials

Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance

Material Testing and Characterization


topic: [ Entry Descent and Landing (EDL) ]

subtopics:



Aerodynamics and Aeroheating

Powered Descent

Landing Gear and Systems

Heat Shield Design and Materials

Hazard Avoidance

Surface Interaction (Airbags, Crushable Structures)

Entry, Descent, and Landing Sequencing

EDL on Mars

Parachute Systems Design


topic: [ Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS) ]

subtopics:



System Reliability Modeling

Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)

Risk Assessment and Management

Safety-Critical Systems Design

Availability Modeling and Prediction

Lifecycle Cost and Duration Analysis

Hazardous Material Handling


topic: [ Orbital Mechanics ]

subtopics:



Interplanetary Trajectories

Gravity Assist Maneuvers

Orbit Determination and Propagation

Space Situational Awareness and Debris Tracking

Mission Design and Analysis Tools

Orbit Decay and Re-entry Predictions


topic: [ Launchers, Launches, Launch Operations ]

subtopics:



Launcher Types (e.g., expendable, reusable)

Launch Vehicles

Launch Sites and Infrastructure

Countdown Procedures and Sequencing

Launch Window Determination and Trajectory Analysis

Ground and Launch Crew Training

Payload Integration and Fairing Design

Environmental and Weather Constraints


topic: [ Attitude Determination and Control ]

subtopics:



Sensors for Attitude Determination (e.g., Gyroscopes, Star Trackers)

Actuators for Attitude Control (e.g., Reaction Wheels, Thrusters)

Control Algorithms (e.g., PID, Kalman Filter)

Momentum Exchange Devices

Attitude Dynamics Modeling

On-Orbit Attitude Reconfiguration

Fault Detection and Response Strategies

Sun and Earth Sensors

Magnetic Torquers and Gravity Gradient Stabilization


topic: [ Payload S/S and Optics ]

subtopics:



Payload Design and Integration

Spectral Imaging and Multi-spectral Sensors

Infrared and Ultraviolet Optics

Calibration and Validation of Optical Systems

Image Processing and Data Analysis

Thermal Control for Sensitive Optics

Data Downlink and Communication Interfaces


topic: [ Power System ]

subtopics:



Solar Panels and Arrays

Battery Types and Management Systems (e.g., Li-ion, NiMH)

Energy Storage Technologies

Fault Protection and Isolation

Harness and Cabling

Alternative Power Sources (e.g., RTGs, Fuel Cells)

Power Budgeting and Load Analysis


topic: [ Thermal Control ]

subtopics:



Active Thermal Control Systems (e.g., Heat Pumps, Louvers)

Environmental Testing and Validation

Heating and Cooling Hardware

Thermal Protection for Entry, Descent, and Landing

Cryogenic Thermal Management


topic: [ Command and Data System ]

subtopics:



Onboard Computers and Processing Units

Software Architecture and Middleware

Command Link and Telemetry Systems

Interface and Bus Systems (e.g., MIL-STD-1553, SpaceWire)

Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)

Security Measures and Encryption


topic: [ Telecommunication ]

subtopics:



Antenna Systems (e.g., Parabolic, Phased Array)

Communication Transponders

Frequency Bands and Spectrum Management

Signal Modulation and Demodulation Techniques

Inter-Satellite Links and Data Relays

Error Detection and Correction

Space Communication Protocols

RF and Microwave Components

Deep Space Communications