DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mkxh
title: Data from: The genetic basis of dispersal in a vertebrate metapopulation

description: Dispersal affects evolutionary processes by changing population size and
 genetic composition, influencing the viability and persistence of
 populations. Investigating which mechanisms underlie variation in
 dispersal phenotypes and whether populations harbor adaptive potential for
 dispersal is crucial to understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of
 this important trait. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of
 dispersal among successfully recruited individuals in an insular
 metapopulation of house sparrows. We use an extensive long-term
 individual-based ecological data set and high-density single nucleotide
 polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for over 2500 individuals. We conducted a
 genome-wide association study (GWAS), finding a relationship between
 dispersal probability and an SNP located near genes known to regulate
 circadian rhythmic, glycogenesis and exercise performance, among other
 functions. However, this SNP only explained 3.8% of variance, suggesting
 that dispersal is a polygenic trait. We then used an animal model to
 estimate heritable genetic variation (σA2 ), which composes 10% of the
 total variation in dispersal probability. Finally, we investigated
 differences in σA2 across populations occupying ecologically relevant
 habitat types (farm vs. non-farm) using a genetic-groups animal model. We
 found different adaptive potentials across habitats, with higher mean
 breeding value, σA2 , and heritability for the habitat presenting lower
 dispersal rates, suggesting also different roles of environmental
 variation. Our results suggest a complex genetic architecture of
 dispersal, and demonstrate that adaptive potential may be
 environment-dependent in key eco-evolutionary traits. The eco-evolutionary
 implications of such environment-dependence and consequent spatial
 variation are likely to become ever more important with the increased
 fragmentation and loss of suitable habitats for many natural populations.
description: # Data from: The genetic basis of dispersal in a vertebrate metapopulation
 Readme file for data in:
 "The genetic basis of dispersal in a vertebrate metapopulation",
 Dilan Saatoglu, Sarah L. Lundregan, Evelyn Fetterplace, Debora Goedert,
 Arild Husby, Alina K. Niskanen, Stefanie Muff and Henrik Jensen Dilan
 Saatoglu dilansaatoglu@gmail.com January 29th 2024 ## Description of the
 data and file structure The following datasets are included:
 **SNPpedigree_GeneticArchitecture.txt:** A metapopulation-level pedigree
 that was constructed based on parentage analyses using individual
 high-density SNP-genotype data in the R-package sequoia (Huisman, 2007;
 Niskanen et al., 2020). Individual, dam and sire IDs can be found in this
 file. Any missing parents (i.e. sire and dam) are encoded as “NA” in the
 pedigree. The "Real.Individual" column indicates whether the
 individual is a real individual ("1") or a dummy individual
 ("0"). **GGAM_data_GeneticArchitecture.txt:** Data used in the
 genetic group animal models. It includes ID (ID), natal island code
 (natal.island; further explanation provided below), dispersal status
 (Dispersal.status; 1 = dispersers; 0 = residents), hatch year
 (hatch.year), sex (sex; 1 = female; 0 = male), scaled sex values used in
 the model (sex_scaled), scaled habiat values used in the model
 (NonfarmIsland_scaled), the farm (q_i1; FarmGG_proportion) and non-farm
 (q_i2; NonfarmGG_proportion) genetic group proportion origins.
 GWAS_data_phenotype_GeneticArchitecture.dat: Phenotype data used in GWA
 analysis. Extracted by using GENABEL R package function
 'save.gwaa.data'. For more information see
 .
 GWAS_data_genotype_GeneticArchitecture.raw: Genotype data used in GWA
 analysis. Extracted by using GENABEL R package function
 'save.gwaa.data'. For more information see
 . Island codes and names, and each
 island's habitat type (in parenthesis) are as follows: 20=Nesøy
 (farm)\ 22=Myken (non-farm)\ 23=Træna (non-farm)\ 24=Selvær (non-farm)\
 26=Gjerøy (farm)\ 27=Hestmannøly (farm)\ 28=Indre Kvarøy (farm)\ 34=Lovund
 (non-farm)\ 35=Sleneset (non-farm)\ 38=Aldra (farm)\ 331=Lurøy (farm)\
 332=Onøy (farm) References Huisman, J. (2017). Pedigree reconstruction
 from SNP data: parentage assignment, sibship clustering and beyond.
 Molecular Ecology Resources, 17(5), 1009-1024.
 Niskanen, A. K., Billing,
 A. M., Holand, H., Hagen, I. J., Araya-Ajoy, Y. G., Husby, A., … Jensen,
 H. (2020). Consistent scaling of inbreeding depression in space and time
 in a house sparrow metapopulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of
 Sciences of the United States of America, 117(25), 14584–14592.