DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1gn
title: Data from: Male and female age affects the reproductive potential of two tephritid flies

description: In insects, aging produces deterioration in physiological and cellular
 functioning, affecting their reproductive potential. Anastrepha
 fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata are two
 fruit fly species where overwintering adults resume their reproductive
 activity in spring, giving old individuals the possibility of mating with
 young adults. Most age studies focus on male reproductive capacity;
 however, we lack information on how the interaction between the ages of
 both sexes can determine post-mating processes. Here, we studied sex and
 age effects on (i) female fecundity and fertility, (ii) failure to leave
 viable offspring (reproductive failure), and (iii) female remating
 behavior. We found that young pairs of both species had higher fecundity,
 but young C. capitata males mated with old females had
 the lowest fecundity. This suggests that overwintering flies in this
 species will not substantially contribute to the next generation. We also
 found in C. capitata more prevalent reproductive failure
 in hetero-age combinations, which could be due to age recognition between
 mates, resulting perhaps in differential ejaculate allocation. Copula
 duration was positively associated with female age, yet it was longer for
 older A. fraterculus females and shorter
 for C. capitata females. Female remating was lower when
 young females mated with old males in C. capitata. This would
 imply that males perceive young females of “good quality” and thus invest
 and transfer all the ejaculate possible to ensure the delay of renewal of
 female receptivity. Aging does not always cause a decline in reproductive
 potential, which may be important in species that overwinter as adults.
 Complex interactions between female physiology and male ejaculate
 senescence can impact postcopulatory behaviors that affect reproductive
 success for both sexes.
description: On the day of emergence, flies of both species were sorted by sex
 and placed in 14 L plastic containers with 200 adults each, provided with
 ad libitum access to water and a diet of sugar (57.9%), hydrolyzed yeast
 (14.5%), hydrolyzed corn (27.3%), and vitamin E (0.3%). The study used old
 flies (54 days for <em>A. fraterculus</em> and 35 days for
 <em>C. capitata</em>) and young flies (11-14 days for
 <em>A. fraterculus</em> and 5 days for <em>C.
 capitata</em>). For testing, one virgin female
 and one virgin male were placed in individual 350 cc containers in four
 age combinations (♂ old x ♀ old; ♂ old x ♀ young; ♂ young x ♀ old; ♂ young
 x ♀ young). Copulations were recorded, and female remating was checked 24
 hours post-copulation for <em>C. capitata</em> and 48 hours
 for <em>A. fraterculus</em>. The study included three
 replicates with N=540 for <em>A. fraterculus</em> (135 per
 combination) and N=680 for <em>C. capitata</em> (170 per
 combination). For fecundity and fertility evaluations,
 after copulation, males were discarded, and females were kept individually
 with food and water. An agar-based oviposition substrate was used,
 replaced every 2-3 days. Eggs were collected, counted, and incubated at 25
 ± 1 °C for 5 days. Hatched eggs were identified by broken chorions, while
 unviable eggs remained turgid. The trial lasted 18 days with 8 observation
 dates. Reproductive failure was defined as successful
 copulation without offspring, either due to zero fecundity (no eggs laid)
 or zero fertility (no eggs hatched). Most reproductive failures were due
 to zero fecundity. Two replicates were performed for each species, with a
 total sample size of 180 (60 for old x old and 40 for the other
 combinations).
description: # Male and female age affects the reproductive potential of two tephritid
 flies
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1gn](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1gn) ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset includes mating, remating, copula duration, latency to mate, the proportion of failed reproductions, fecundity, and fertility data for two economically important fruit fly species, *Anastrepha fraterculus,* and *Ceratitis capitata*, across four age combinations: ♂ old x ♀ old; ♂ old x ♀ young; ♂ young x ♀ old; ♂ young x ♀ young. Under a non-competitive context, and in laboratory-controlled experiments, we answered the following questions: (i) does a female’s fecundity and fertility patterns depend on their own age or the age of the male mate?, (ii) to which sex can reproductive failure (no fertile egg hatching) be attributed to?, and (iii) is female remating behavior affected by their own age or the age of the male mate? Díaz_et_al.*RAW_DATA*(1).xlsx : This dataset includes mating and remating percentage for *Ceratitis capitata* (Cc, first sheet), copula duration and latency to mate for Cc (second sheet); copula duration and latency to mate for *Anastrepha fraterculus* (Af, third sheet), mating percentage for Af (fourth sheet), mating success for Af (fifth sheet), mating success for Cc (sixth sheet), female remating in Cc (seventh sheet), fecundity and fertility for Af (eighth sheet), fecundity and fertility for Cc (ninth sheet), failure reproduction for Af (tenth sheet) and failure reproduction for Cc (eleventh sheet). Experimental assays were set up using four age combinations: ♂ old x ♀ old; ♂ old x ♀ young; ♂ young x ♀ old; ♂ young x ♀ young for both species.  In the case of *A. fraterculus*, old flies were 54 days old, and young flies were 11-14 days old, and for *C. capitata*, old flies were 35 days old and young flies were 5 days old. Abbreviations: rep: repetition; N: sample size; NA: not available; N cop: Number of pairs that copulated; rec: recopulation = remating; treat: treatment; CD min: copula duration in minutes; lat: latency; rem: remating; V: old; J: young; DC: copula duration; fec: fecundity; fert: fertility; fec total: total number of eggs laid; fec average: total number of eggs laid/ eight opportunities; rep success: reproductive success. ### Files and variables Files: * Díaz et al. RAW DATA.xlsx : the excel has nine sheet; zero values indicate that the data was measured and correspond to a true zero; empty space indicate that there is not value (for example, when the fecundity is = 0, there is no fertility value) * Diaz_et_al_R_scripts.zip : R scripts with statistical analysis for different response variables (mating success, copula latency and duration, female remating, female fecundity and fertility, failed copulation) in *C. capitata* and *A. fraterculus.* * Diaz_et \_al*_*datasets_R.zip:  From "Diaz et al. RAW DATA.xlsx", data was organized in .csv files for posterior analysis using R-Studio software ## Code/software Excel (Microsoft Office) and RStudio version 2024.04.2+764 Files description: Diaz_et_al_R_scripts.zip : R scripts for analysis in R * Diaz_et_al_duration_latency_Af.R:  Copula duration and mating latency analyzed by a mixed generalized linear model and size effect estimates in *A. fraterculus*. * Diaz_et_al_duration_latency_Cc.R: Copula duration and mating latency analyzed by a mixed generalized linear model and size effect estimates in *C. capitata.* * Diaz_et_al_mating_success_Af.R: Mating success analyzed by a generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *A. fraterculus*. * Diaz_et_al_mating_success_Cc.R: Mating success analyzed by a generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *C. capitata.* * Diaz_et_al_remating_Cc.R: Remating analyzed by a generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *C. capitata.* * Diaz_et_al_failed_cop_Af.R: Failed copulations analyzed by a generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *A. fraterculus*. * Diaz_et_al_failed_cop_Cc.R: Failed copulations analyzed by a generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *C. capitata.* * Diaz_et_al_fecundity_Af.R: Fecundity female analyzed by a mixed generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *A. fraterculus.* * Diaz_et_al_fecundity_Cc.R: Fecundity female analyzed by a mixed generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *C. capitata.* * Diaz_et_al_fertility_Af.R: Fertility female analyzed by a mixed generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *A. fraterculus.* * Diaz_et_al_fertility_Cc.R: Fertility female analyzed by a mixed generalized linear model and size effects estimates in *C. capitata.* Diaz_et \_al*_*datasets_R.zip: .cvs files with organized data for statistical analysis in R.  * Diaz_et_al_af_copuladuration_latency.csv: Dataset of copula duration and latency measured in minutes for the four combinations ages  in *A. fraterculus.* * Diaz_et_al_cc_copuladuration_latency.csv: Dataset of copula duration and latency measured in minutes for the four combinations ages in C. capitata. * Diaz_et_al_mating_success_Af.csv: Dataset of the successful matings that ocurred in each combination for *A. fraterculus.* * Diaz_et_al_mating_success_Cc.csv: Dataset of the successful matings that ocurred in each combination for C. capitata.  * Diaz_et_al_remating_Cc.csv: Dataset of the number of remated females in C. capitata.  that ocurred in each combination. Remating was checked 24 hours post-copulation. * Diaz_et_al_failed_cop_Af.csv: Dataset includes reproductive failure for females with zero fecundity or hatching rate in the eight oviposition opportunities in the 18 days of observation. Reproductive success with value ‘1’ indicates no reproductive failure in *A. fraterculus*. * Diaz_et_al_failed_cop_Cc.csv: Dataset includes reproductive failure for females with zero fecundity or hatching rate in the eight oviposition opportunities in the 18 days of observation. Reproductive success with value ‘1’ indicates no reproductive failure in C. capitata. * Diaz_et_al_fecundity_Af.csv: Dataset of the eggs collected and counted for 18 days after mating in *A. fraterculus* . On Monday, Wednesday and Friday with eight observation dates (expressed as number of eggs). * Diaz_et_al_fecundity_Cc.csv: Dataset of the eggs collected and counted for 18 days after mating in C. capitata . On Monday, Wednesday and Friday with eight observation dates (expressed as number of eggs). * Diaz_et_al_fertility_Af.csv: Dataset with the values of hatched eggs counted for 18 days after oviposition in *A. fraterculus  On Monday, Wednesday and Friday with eight observation dates (expressed as percentages)*. * Diaz_et_al_fertility_Cc.csv: Dataset with values of hatched eggs counted for 18 days after oviposition in *C. capitata*. On Monday, Wednesday and Friday with eight observation dates (expressed as percentages). * Diaz_et_al_data_plot_fert_Af.csv: Dataset with organized values of fertility for A. fraterculus in order to realize a descriptive plot using ggplot2 function in R. * Diaz_et_al_data_plot_fert_Cc.csv: Dataset with organized values of fertility for C. capitata in order to realize a descriptive plot using ggplot2 function in R. Installed packages in R: * library(lme4) * library(glmmTMB) * library(car) * library(carData) * library(ggplot2) * library(emeans) * library(sjPlot) * library(DHARma)