cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78078
title: Boat assembly, Congo, ca. 1912-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a partially built ship sitting on the land on wooden tracks, in the process of being assembled. A European missionary (possibly Edward Algernon Ruskin) sits on the stern of the boat, surrounded by Congolese labourers. Another European missionary stands on deck, and labourers stand on the ground below the ship, where construction equipment and parts are scattered. The boat has two levels, so is possibly the S.S Livingstone, a boat built and teasted in Ireland and presumably shipped to the Congo in parts. The S.S Livingstone was to be a passenger ferry, travelling along the Congo River between Kinshasa (formerly Leopoldville) and Brazzaville.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78079
title: Brick mission building, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a two storey, brick mission building, including a brick-built entrance gate. The size of the building suggests that it was used as a mission institution, such as a hospital or school.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78080
title: Baringa chapel interior, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing the interior of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union chapel at Baringa. Long wooden benches face up to a small wooden altar, behind which is an elaborate dark wood chair on a raised platform. A room behind the main chapel space can be seen through an open doorway.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78081
title: Hospital building. Early view, Congo, ca. 1925-1935

description: Black and white lantern slide of the construction process during the building of a hospital for the Congo Balolo Mission. A bearded European missionary stands inside the partially built structure, whist another male missionary stands at the corner of the foundations. Native Congolese workers stand in the background. The hospital is being built from brick, with a wooden inner structure. By 1905, the Congo Balolo Mission had built at least seven hospitals. When missionaries first arrived in the Congo, they performed all manual labour by their own hands, since native Congolese were not trained in European building methods. However, a native labour force was soon established after being trained in construction skills with European tools. This hospital may be the  Baringa Hospital, which was founded in 1932.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78082
title: Baringa Beach, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a European missionary and a group of Congolese (dressed in European attire) waving off a two decked steamer at Baringa Beach at the side of the Congo River. A smaller steamer floats alongside. The larger steamer may be the S.S Livingstone, a passenger steamer owned by the Congo Balolo Mission and used on the route between Brazzaville and Kinshasa (formerly Leopoldville) along the Congo River. The smaller vessel alongside may be either the S.S Pioneer or the Evangelist, both single deck steamers owned by the Congo Balolo Mission. The S.S Pioneer was donated by the Young Men's Christian Association Institutes of Ireland, and its parts had to be carried from Matadi to the Upper Congo by Congolese porters before it could be reassembled.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78036
title: Gathering, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a gathering by the roadside in an unnamed location in the Congo. Children can be seen on one side of the road. The children have wraps around their whole bodies or around their waists. A European female missionary in a dress and pith helmet sits at the end of the road, and a group of Congolese adults stand to the side of her where the road comes to a halt.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78083
title: The 1st aeroplane at Basankusu, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing the first aeroplane at Basankusu. Basankusu was a major trading centre, and in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had been the main trading port of the Abir Congo Company, the organisation founded as the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company in charge of the export of rubber from then Congo Free State lands owned by King Leopold II of Belgium. Later, Basankusu became a centre for palm oil production. The aeroplane pictured is a biplane, a fixed wing aircraft design that dominated in the years between 1914 and 1925.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78084
title: Boat with British Ensign, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a large wooden boat flying the British Ensign, a flag flown to designate a military or civilian ship. Since this boat is a civilian vessel, it will fly the Red Ensign. A European male missionary can be seen standing on deck in breeches, shirt and carrying his pith helmet. He is surrounded by Congolese men, women and children in traditional dress, some of whom propel the boat with long poles.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78085
title: Cape to Cairo Ry., Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide of a steam locomotive pulling cargo on the Cape to Cairo railway line. A man in European dress stands with his back to the camera in the foreground of the image. The Cape to Cairo Railway was a project envisaged by businessman, politician and magnate Sir Cecil Rhodes (who founded the diamond company DeBeers), and was begun in the late nineteenth century. The railway was planned to cross Africa from Cape Town to Cairo in an attempt to connect British territories across the continent. The project was never completed in its entireity, with lines missing between northern Sudan and Uganda.   This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78086
title: Missionaries and steam train, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of male and female European missionaries boarding or descending from passenger carriages on a steam train. All missionaries are smartly dressed and wear hats or pith helmets. The missionaries are watched by a group of Congolese men and women in Western attire. The train runs on the Cape to Cairo Railway, an unfinished project envisioned by businessman and entrpreneur Sir Cecil Rhodes to traverse Africa from south to north with railway line, joining disparate British colonial terrirtories.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/phcfqe/t0gcej
title: Puccinia coronata Corda F-2489.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78087
title: Mongo Lose, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide featuring a Congolese woman named Mongo Lose, possibly a Christian convert. She is barefoot, wearing a matching skirt and blouse, with a head-wrap.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78088
title: Man in stocks, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a man imprisoned in wooden stocks in Congo. The wooden stocks hold each one of his legs, whilst they are attached to his wrists by a rope. The man wears a loincloth. It is possible that he has been photographed as an example of the treatment of slaves in the Congo or of the harsh punishments meeted out on workers in the rubber plantaions of the Congo Free State, territory belonging to King Leopold II of Belgium.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/phcfqe
title: Puccinia coronata Corda, 2489

description: Fungarium Micromycetes
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78033
title: Group by the roadside, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing an aerial view of a group of Congolese with a European missionary, syanding in the grassland by a roadside.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78029
title: Missionaries and Congolese, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a view of a group of Congolese and Congo Balolo Mission workers. Two female missionaries in dresses and pith helmets can be seen. Congolese men, women and children make up the rest of the picture, some dressed in European attire.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78046
title: Elaborate hairstyling, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing three women with elaborate, braided hair styles. Hair styling was used among Luba women to encode memory about a person's history, status and occupation. One woman has a chin length braided style with a raised comb of hair across the top of her head. The woman in the centre of the image has a shorter braided style to ear length, and the youngest of the group has two long, matted braids. The older women in the group also bear geometric scarification marks (notably on their chins). Scarification was a process in which small scars were inflicted and their healing controlled in order to create patterns. The practice was common in Africa to denote status, history, ethnic group and beauty. For women, the ability to bear the pain of scarification was seen as a sign of the ability to endure the dangers of childbirth. The patterns were also seen as a mark of socialisation that marked humankind above the animal kingdom. Each women wears a short necklace around her neck. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-77711
title: Imolo Samuel - Blind - & Sister, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a blind man, Imolo Samuel, walking along a dust road in the Congo with his sister. The man holds the arm of his sister, and a long wooden cane. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78092
title: Man with marimbula, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a Congolese man. He is sitting on a wooden box, and holding a box on his knee, into which a circular hole has been cut. Five lengths of wood protrude from the side of the object. The man wears a head-wrap, and wears a thick bracelet. A Congolese boy can be seen in the doorway of a brick building behind him, in the shorts and shirt provided by missionaries of the Congo Balolo Mission. The object that the man holds may be a marimbula (or mbira), a musical instrument that originated in Cuba in the late nineteenth century, made by African slaves. Sound is produced by plucking tongues (keys) made from springy wood, attached to a wooden box which is often hit to create rhythm. Although the instrument had its roots in Cuba, it spread throughout the Americas, Carribbean and Africa, taking many different physical forms. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78100
title: Woman with braided hair, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a Congolese woman with braided hair tied from her face with a cloth band. She is bare chested, and wears two necklaces made of either string or leather. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78089
title: Boloi W'akambyi, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of eleven young Congolese girls in a posed photograph. The girls wear matching white smock dresses and hats. The slide is captioned "No. 34. Boloi W'akambyi."  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-77878
title: Woman and child, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a young woman holding a baby. A European female missionary and two Congolese women can be seen in the background. The young woman wears a plain cloth dress with a straw band around her waist. Bells and flowers are attached to the band. she also wears an elaborate hat. The European missionary wears a white coat, implying that the image may have been taken at a Congo Balolo Mission hospital. The young woman also holds a small cup or jug. Her attire may be part of a traditional ceremony on birth or marriage. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78102
title: Ngombe couple, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a Congolese couple, speakers of the Ngombe language, a Bantu language spoken by people living beside the Congo River. The husband wears a round-necked shirt, trousers and belt. His wife wears a light, smart European style dress with a flower pinned onto it and a head-wrap. Note the scarification designs on the faces of the couple. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78095
title: Two men, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing two Congolese men in varying styles of dress. One man wears a fedora style hat, trousers, jacket and shirt and tie. His companion wears a long cotton wrap worn high on his waist, a series of bracelets on his wrists, and a hat made of fur. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/bmbly1/adrew0
title: Puccinia coronata Corda F-3326.tif

description: :unav
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78098
title: Christian group, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a group of Christians posing for a group photograph in the Congo. A man kneels to the front of the image. He holds an open Bible and wears a pith helmet, safari jacket and trousers, and may be a preacher. There is only one woman in the group, and only one man wears any African style clothing (he wears a wrap around his waist). Other men wear shirts and trousers or shorts, and many wear hats. Some of the group pose with bibles or tracts. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.48370/ofd/bmbly1
title: Puccinia coronata Corda, 3326

description: Fungarium Micromycetes
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-78090
title: Long headed slave girls, Congo, ca. 1900-1915

description: Black and white lantern slide showing two Congo slave women. The women sit facing one another on a wooden bench in wrap dresses. One woman wears an ornament through her ear, whilst her companion wears a thin bracelet. Scarification marks can be seen on the arm of each woman. In the Congo, marking the body through scarring in patterns then controlling the healing process was an important cultural signifier, often carried out to indicate life stages or cultural belonging, with peoples of the Congo having some of the most complex designs in Africa. In women, scarification marks were added to intenisfy beauty, or to mark stages in life, such as childbirth - bearing the pain involved in the process was believed to be a path to adulthood and a sign of strength that would be needed in childbearing. The heads of the women are slightly elongated, as a likely result of the practice of headbinding. The malleable skulls of babies would be wrapped tightly in cloth in order to produce an elongated head shape, mostly as a sign of cultural belonging and beauty. The Mangbetu people of the Congo practised head binding, and it is to this group that these women may belong. In the memoir of the work of her husband and herself for the Congo Balolo Mission, Lily Ruskin also speaks of head binding for babies of the Yamongo people, whom Edward Algernon Ruskin first encountered in 1895.  This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-77825
title: Village gathering, Congo, ca. 1920-1930

description: Black and white lantern slide showing a posed group in a Congolese village. The group is made up of men, women and children. Many of the women in the group wear head-wraps, whilst only a few men wear Western style hats. A Congolese man stands to the rear of the group (which is otherwise sitting). He wears a wide brimmed hat, shirt and trousers, and may be a Christian teacher or leader. This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.