cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073526
title: Improving colloidal stability of silica nanoparticles when stored in responsive gel: application and toxicity study

description: When silica nanoparticles (SiNP) are stored in aqueous solution, even for few hours, they have a tendency to form agglomerates and therefore adapt inhomogeneous structures. Here we present a very practical method to store SiNP in responsive hydrogel. We have confirmed that SiNP kept in the responsive hydrogel do not undergo through undesirable morphological changes and while in storage they maintain their excellent colloidal stability. The effect of SiNP hollowing (i.e. dissolution of the core of the particles that leaves empty cavity inside) was significantly inhibited in the hydrogel, which is a critical feature for any nano-medical applications (e.g. controlled drug release). To demonstrate the applicability of the hydrogel-storing concept within a biologically relevant context, in this work we have evaluated the toxicological effects of the responsive SiNP-gel formulation in a model <i>in vitro</i> (human cell line U87GM and hemocompatibility using red blood cells) and <i>ex ovo</i> (hen’s egg test) experiments. Particles stored in the gel as well as the pure gel did not affect the hemocompatibility (hemolysis and erythrocyte aggregation) up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, systemic injections into the blood circulation of the chick area vasculosa confirmed the biocompatibility in a more complex biological environment. All evaluated toxicological values (hemorrhage, thrombosis, vascular lysis, and lethality) were comparable with the negative control, and no differences in toxicological response could be observed between the SiNP stored in hydrogel and the control nanoparticles stored in the solution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073526.v1
title: Improving colloidal stability of silica nanoparticles when stored in responsive gel: application and toxicity study

description: When silica nanoparticles (SiNP) are stored in aqueous solution, even for few hours, they have a tendency to form agglomerates and therefore adapt inhomogeneous structures. Here we present a very practical method to store SiNP in responsive hydrogel. We have confirmed that SiNP kept in the responsive hydrogel do not undergo through undesirable morphological changes and while in storage they maintain their excellent colloidal stability. The effect of SiNP hollowing (i.e. dissolution of the core of the particles that leaves empty cavity inside) was significantly inhibited in the hydrogel, which is a critical feature for any nano-medical applications (e.g. controlled drug release). To demonstrate the applicability of the hydrogel-storing concept within a biologically relevant context, in this work we have evaluated the toxicological effects of the responsive SiNP-gel formulation in a model <i>in vitro</i> (human cell line U87GM and hemocompatibility using red blood cells) and <i>ex ovo</i> (hen’s egg test) experiments. Particles stored in the gel as well as the pure gel did not affect the hemocompatibility (hemolysis and erythrocyte aggregation) up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, systemic injections into the blood circulation of the chick area vasculosa confirmed the biocompatibility in a more complex biological environment. All evaluated toxicological values (hemorrhage, thrombosis, vascular lysis, and lethality) were comparable with the negative control, and no differences in toxicological response could be observed between the SiNP stored in hydrogel and the control nanoparticles stored in the solution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073478
title: data_set_for_inital_magnetization_process.zip

description: This zip file contains the data set to analyze the magnetization inside grains during initial magnetization process of the hot-deformed permanent magnet.The contents of the files are explained in Explanation_of_data_set.pptx. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073478.v1
title: data_set_for_inital_magnetization_process.zip

description: This zip file contains the data set to analyze the magnetization inside grains during initial magnetization process of the hot-deformed permanent magnet.The contents of the files are explained in Explanation_of_data_set.pptx. <br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073343
title: New systematic and phylogenetic data about the early Barremian <b><i>Iguanodon galvensis</i></b> (Ornithopoda: Iguanodontoidea) from Spain

description: <i>Iguanodon galvensis</i> is the second valid species in the European and Barremian large-ornithopod genus <i>Iguanodon</i>. In the present work, the <i>I. galvensis</i> holotype and referred material from the lower Barremian of Spain are described and discussed in detail. As a result, emended diagnoses of <i>Iguanodon</i>, <i>I. galvensis</i> and <i>I. bernissartensis</i> are proposed; <i>I. galvensis</i> can now be identified by three autapomorphies in the dentary, ischium and femur as well as a unique combination of characters. Moreover, <i>I. galvensis</i> is compared with other European Early Cretaceous large styracosternans. Finally, a new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed that resolves <i>Iguanodon</i> (<i>I. bernissartensis</i>, <i>I. galvensis</i>) with the Valanginian <i>Barilium dawsoni</i> into a monophyletic clade (Iguanodontoidea).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073343.v1
title: New systematic and phylogenetic data about the early Barremian <b><i>Iguanodon galvensis</i></b> (Ornithopoda: Iguanodontoidea) from Spain

description: <i>Iguanodon galvensis</i> is the second valid species in the European and Barremian large-ornithopod genus <i>Iguanodon</i>. In the present work, the <i>I. galvensis</i> holotype and referred material from the lower Barremian of Spain are described and discussed in detail. As a result, emended diagnoses of <i>Iguanodon</i>, <i>I. galvensis</i> and <i>I. bernissartensis</i> are proposed; <i>I. galvensis</i> can now be identified by three autapomorphies in the dentary, ischium and femur as well as a unique combination of characters. Moreover, <i>I. galvensis</i> is compared with other European Early Cretaceous large styracosternans. Finally, a new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed that resolves <i>Iguanodon</i> (<i>I. bernissartensis</i>, <i>I. galvensis</i>) with the Valanginian <i>Barilium dawsoni</i> into a monophyletic clade (Iguanodontoidea).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073247
title: Extremely divergent song types in the genus <i>Aerotegmina</i> Hemp (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hexacentrinae) and the description of a new species from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania (East Africa)

description: The genus <i>Aerotegmina</i> comprises a group of African canopy-dwelling, predatory bushcrickets (katydids) that is known for its inflated tegmina and the unusually loud and low-frequency calling song of its type species. Here, we describe the songs of another two species of the genus which are much larger than the type species and have an even lower peak frequency. In addition, small and large species differ in song structure. While the type species and closely related forms have a broad banded, multi-peak song with strong components in the audio and ultrasonic range, the species treated here have an extremely narrow banded, resonant song with a carrier frequency of 2 kHz. With Q-values above 100 these sounds belong to the purest songs ever recorded in Orthoptera. Besides describing songs, stridulatory organs and a new species we discuss the possible functions of the song type. A key to the species of <i>Aerotegmina</i> is provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6073247.v1
title: Extremely divergent song types in the genus <i>Aerotegmina</i> Hemp (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hexacentrinae) and the description of a new species from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania (East Africa)

description: The genus <i>Aerotegmina</i> comprises a group of African canopy-dwelling, predatory bushcrickets (katydids) that is known for its inflated tegmina and the unusually loud and low-frequency calling song of its type species. Here, we describe the songs of another two species of the genus which are much larger than the type species and have an even lower peak frequency. In addition, small and large species differ in song structure. While the type species and closely related forms have a broad banded, multi-peak song with strong components in the audio and ultrasonic range, the species treated here have an extremely narrow banded, resonant song with a carrier frequency of 2 kHz. With Q-values above 100 these sounds belong to the purest songs ever recorded in Orthoptera. Besides describing songs, stridulatory organs and a new species we discuss the possible functions of the song type. A key to the species of <i>Aerotegmina</i> is provided.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072941
title: Sherrell Table S1-Dataset+legend from A ‘shallow bathtub ring’ of local sedimentary iron input maintains the Palmer Deep biological hotspot on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf

description: Fe and Mn data for 8 stations in the Palmer Deep region, west Antarctic Peninsula
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072815
title: BlrInflowNetwork_Manohar and Mohan Kumar 2013.inp

description: Bangalore Inflow Network Data; used in : Manohar, U., & Mohan Kumar, M. S. (2013). Modeling equitable distribution of water: Dynamic inversion-based controller approach. <i>Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management</i>, <i>140</i>(5), 607-619.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072599
title: Additional file 3: of Unexpected conservation of the RNA splicing apparatus in the highly streamlined genome of Galdieria sulphuraria

description: Phylogenies of red algal SM-genes. (TXT 5414Â kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072599.v1
title: Additional file 3: of Unexpected conservation of the RNA splicing apparatus in the highly streamlined genome of Galdieria sulphuraria

description: Phylogenies of red algal SM-genes. (TXT 5414Â kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072554
title: Additional file 6: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Differential expression â Ľ2-fold in early and late procyclic forms based on 3â ˛ untranslated regions. Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. (XLSX 44 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072554.v1
title: Additional file 6: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Differential expression â Ľ2-fold in early and late procyclic forms based on 3â ˛ untranslated regions. Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. (XLSX 44 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072542
title: Additional file 5: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Stage-specific transcripts enriched â Ľ2-fold compared to all other stages. Sl: slender bloodstream forms; St: stumpy bloodstream forms; Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. FC: fold change. (XLSX 59 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072542.v1
title: Additional file 5: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Stage-specific transcripts enriched â Ľ2-fold compared to all other stages. Sl: slender bloodstream forms; St: stumpy bloodstream forms; Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. FC: fold change. (XLSX 59 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072521
title: Additional file 4: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Differentially expressed genes (â Ľ 2-fold) in successive life-cycle stages. Sl: slender bloodstream forms; St: stumpy bloodstream forms; Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. (XLSX 5584 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072521.v1
title: Additional file 4: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Differentially expressed genes (â Ľ 2-fold) in successive life-cycle stages. Sl: slender bloodstream forms; St: stumpy bloodstream forms; Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. (XLSX 5584 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072503
title: Additional file 3: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: GO term analysis of differentially expressed transcripts. (XLSX 83 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072503.v1
title: Additional file 3: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: GO term analysis of differentially expressed transcripts. (XLSX 83 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072485
title: Additional file 2: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Mean expression values (reads per million) for all transcripts. Sl: slender bloodstream forms; St: stumpy bloodstream forms; Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. (XLSX 762 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072485.v1
title: Additional file 2: of RNA-Seq analysis validates the use of culture-derived Trypanosoma brucei and provides new markers for mammalian and insect life-cycle stages

description: Mean expression values (reads per million) for all transcripts. Sl: slender bloodstream forms; St: stumpy bloodstream forms; Ea: early procyclic forms; La: late procyclic forms. (XLSX 762 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072428
title: Additional file 3: of Appropriateness of bone density measurement in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study

description: “Multivariable model of potentially inappropriate DXA”. In this file we present the same data as presented in Fig. 2 (multivariable analysis of age, sex, socio-demographic, socio-economic and clinical covariates in patients with a potentially inappropriate DXA), but in tabular form including estimate (Odds ratio), confidence intervals and p-value. Significance levels are marked accordingly: *** ≤ 0.001, ** = 0.001–0.01, * = 0.01–0.05, empty = 0.05–1. (XLS 29 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072428.v1
title: Additional file 3: of Appropriateness of bone density measurement in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study

description: “Multivariable model of potentially inappropriate DXA”. In this file we present the same data as presented in Fig. 2 (multivariable analysis of age, sex, socio-demographic, socio-economic and clinical covariates in patients with a potentially inappropriate DXA), but in tabular form including estimate (Odds ratio), confidence intervals and p-value. Significance levels are marked accordingly: *** ≤ 0.001, ** = 0.001–0.01, * = 0.01–0.05, empty = 0.05–1. (XLS 29 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072404
title: Additional file 2: of Appropriateness of bone density measurement in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study

description: “Multivariable model of any DXA”. In this file we present the same data as presented in Fig. 2 (multivariable analysis of socio-demographic, socio-economic and clinical covariates in patients with any DXA), but in tabular form including estimate (Odds ratio), confidence intervals and p-value. Significance levels are marked accordingly: *** ≤ 0.001, ** = 0.001–0.01, * = 0.01–0.05, empty = 0.05–1. (XLS 31 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072404.v1
title: Additional file 2: of Appropriateness of bone density measurement in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study

description: “Multivariable model of any DXA”. In this file we present the same data as presented in Fig. 2 (multivariable analysis of socio-demographic, socio-economic and clinical covariates in patients with any DXA), but in tabular form including estimate (Odds ratio), confidence intervals and p-value. Significance levels are marked accordingly: *** ≤ 0.001, ** = 0.001–0.01, * = 0.01–0.05, empty = 0.05–1. (XLS 31 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072392
title: Additional file 1: of Movement of anterior teeth using clear aligners: a three-dimensional, retrospective evaluation

description: The dataset containing all the collected measurements. (XLSX 27 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072392.v1
title: Additional file 1: of Movement of anterior teeth using clear aligners: a three-dimensional, retrospective evaluation

description: The dataset containing all the collected measurements. (XLSX 27 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072380
title: Additional file 1: of Population health intervention research training: the value of public health internships and mentorship

description: Telephone interviews with trainees. Telephone interviews with mentors. Exit interviews - template. Semiannual evaluation reports. Online Survey - trainees. Online Survey - mentors with trainees. (ZIP 999 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072380.v1
title: Additional file 1: of Population health intervention research training: the value of public health internships and mentorship

description: Telephone interviews with trainees. Telephone interviews with mentors. Exit interviews - template. Semiannual evaluation reports. Online Survey - trainees. Online Survey - mentors with trainees. (ZIP 999 kb)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072320
title: Bighorn Sheep Respiratory Pathogen Sampling and Demographic Data

description: These data are respiratory sampling and demographic data obtained from 22 bighorn sheep populations in Montana and Wyoming, USA. Further explanation of how these data were collected can be found in the publication "Respiratory pathogens and their association with population performance in Montana and Wyoming bighorn sheep populations".
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072320.v1
title: Bighorn Sheep Respiratory Pathogen Sampling and Demographic Data

description: These data are respiratory sampling and demographic data obtained from 22 bighorn sheep populations in Montana and Wyoming, USA. Further explanation of how these data were collected can be found in the publication "Respiratory pathogens and their association with population performance in Montana and Wyoming bighorn sheep populations".
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072272
title: Data and R code for "Challenges in assessing the roles of nepotism and reciprocity in cooperation networks"

description: See "_READ_ME.txt". Nepotism and reciprocity are not mutually exclusive explanations for cooperation, because helping decisions can depend on both kinship cues and past reciprocal help. The importance of these two factors can therefore be difficult to disentangle using observational data. We developed a resampling procedure for inferring the statistical power to detect observational evidence of nepotism and reciprocity. We first applied this procedure to simulated datasets resulting from perfect reciprocity, where the probability and duration of helping events from individual A to B equaled that from B to A. We then assessed how the probability of detecting correlational evidence of reciprocity was influenced by (1) the number of helping observations and (2) varying degrees of simultaneous nepotism. Last, we applied the same analysis to empirical data on food sharing in vampire bats and allogrooming in mandrills and Japanese macaques. We show that at smaller sample sizes, the effect of kinship was easier to detect and the relative role of kinship was overestimated compared to the effect of reciprocal help in both simulated and empirical data, even with data simulating perfect reciprocity and imperfect nepotism. We explain the causes and consequences of this difference in power for detecting the roles of kinship versus reciprocal help. To compare the relative importance of genetic and social relationships, we therefore suggest that researchers measure the relative reliability of both coefficients in the model by plotting these coefficients and their detection probability as a function of sampling effort. We provide R scripts to allow others to do this power analysis with their own datasets.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072272.v1
title: R code for "Nepotism masks reciprocity in cooperation networks"

description: Nepotism and reciprocity are not mutually exclusive, because kin cooperation might be based on kinship cues, reciprocal help, or both. Observational evidence for each strategy can therefore be difficult to disentangle. We developed a resampling procedure for inferring power to detect evidence of nepotism and reciprocity. We first simulated datasets of reciprocal helping with varying degrees of nepotism and varying sample sizes of observations. We then assessed how nepotism and number of observations influence the probability of detecting reciprocity. We show that nepotism consistently masks evidence for reciprocity. Even when reciprocal help is a better predictor than kinship, kinship effects are often detected faster and appear larger, especially with fewer observations. This occurs because sampling fewer events does not affect kinship estimates, but it does decrease the accuracy of estimates of help given and received. We confirmed evidence for this power bias in three real datasets: food sharing between vampire bats, and allogrooming between mandrills and Japanese macaques. Our resampling procedure highlights the need to estimate the relative reliability of estimates of kinship and helping rates before comparing their relative importance. We provide R scripts to assess the stability of kinship and reciprocal help estimates in samples of cooperative behavior.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6072272.v2
title: R code for "Nepotism masks evidence for reciprocity in cooperation networks"

description: Nepotism and reciprocity are not mutually exclusive, because cooperation among kin can depend on both kinship cues and past reciprocal help. The presence and importance of these strategies can therefore be difficult to disentangle using observational data. The reliability of genetic marker-based genetic relationships are often assessed through resampling procedures, but the reliability of symmetrical cooperative relationships are less often assessed, even though they are harder to estimate. We developed a resampling procedure for inferring statistical power to detect observational evidence of nepotism and reciprocity and applied this to both simulated and real data. We simulated datasets of perfectly symmetrical helping rates and added varying degrees of nepotism. We then assessed how nepotism and the number of observations influence the probability of detecting reciprocity. Due to collinearity, nepotism consistently masked evidence for reciprocity especially with fewer observations of helping. Even under perfect reciprocity, kinship bias was often detected faster and appeared larger, because fewer observations decreases the accuracy of given and received helping rates, but not kinship. Our conclusions were supported by the same analysis applied to empirical data on food sharing in vampire bats and allogrooming in mandrills and Japanese macaques. Results highlight the need to estimate the relative reliability of estimates of kinship and helping rate before comparing their relative importance. We provide R scripts to assess the reliability of kinship and reciprocal help estimates in other cooperation networks.