cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129320
title: Supplementary Material for: Quality Assurance in Endoscopy: Which Parameters?

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The verbalisation of quality standards and parameters by medical societies are relevant for qualitative improvement but may also be an instrument to demand more resources for health care or be a unique characteristic. Within the health care system 3 different quality levels can be defined: structure, process and result quality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The current S2k guideline of the German Society for Gastroenterology (quality requirements for gastrointestinal endoscopy) AWMF registry no. 021-022 provides recommendations based on the available evidence for the structure quality (requirements for equipment, human resources) as well as for the process quality (patient preparation, conduct, documentation) and result quality (follow-up of specific endoscopic procedures). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Based on these recommendations, measurable quality indicators/parameters for the endoscopy have been selected and formulated. General quality parameters for endoscopic examinations are given as well as quality parameters for specific procedures for the preparation, conduct, and follow-up of specific endoscopic interventions. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Only the regular review of processes and courses by means of defined measurement parameters builds up the basis for corrections based on facts. In addition, the implementation of recommended standards may be an instrument in demanding more resources from the health care system and, therefore, should be embedded as routine.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129329.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Severe Short Stature in Two Siblings as the Presenting Sign of <b><i>ACP5</i></b> Deficiency

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b><i>ACP5</i> deficiency is known to cause spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD), which is characterized by various autoimmune and neurological symptoms in addition to short stature. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two siblings from a consanguineous Turkish family, a girl aged 13 years (P1) and a boy aged 8 years (P2), presented to their endocrinologist with progressive growth failure and severe short stature (-5 SDS). They had no comorbid conditions and, on physical examination, there were no signs of an overt skeletal dysplasia with normal appearance of extremities. Other than a low baseline IGF-1, extensive laboratory workup, including growth hormone stimulation and IGF-1 generation tests, was normal. Exome sequencing was performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Exome sequencing identified the presence of a homozygous frameshift mutation (p.Ser258Trpfs*39) in <i>ACP5</i> in both siblings, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This specific mutation has previously been described in patients with SPENCD. Additional workup in the two siblings showed distinct features of skeletal dysplasia on X-rays consistent with SPENCD, but none of the common autoimmune or neurological abnormalities associated with this condition. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Severe short stature can be the only presenting sign of <i>ACP5</i> deficiency and the latter could therefore be considered as a rare cause in the differential diagnosis of severe, proportionate growth failure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129320.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Quality Assurance in Endoscopy: Which Parameters?

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The verbalisation of quality standards and parameters by medical societies are relevant for qualitative improvement but may also be an instrument to demand more resources for health care or be a unique characteristic. Within the health care system 3 different quality levels can be defined: structure, process and result quality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The current S2k guideline of the German Society for Gastroenterology (quality requirements for gastrointestinal endoscopy) AWMF registry no. 021-022 provides recommendations based on the available evidence for the structure quality (requirements for equipment, human resources) as well as for the process quality (patient preparation, conduct, documentation) and result quality (follow-up of specific endoscopic procedures). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Based on these recommendations, measurable quality indicators/parameters for the endoscopy have been selected and formulated. General quality parameters for endoscopic examinations are given as well as quality parameters for specific procedures for the preparation, conduct, and follow-up of specific endoscopic interventions. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Only the regular review of processes and courses by means of defined measurement parameters builds up the basis for corrections based on facts. In addition, the implementation of recommended standards may be an instrument in demanding more resources from the health care system and, therefore, should be embedded as routine.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129326.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Pharmacological or Genetic Activation of Hsp70 Protects against Loss of Parkin Function

description: Mutations of parkin are a prevalent genetic contributor to familial Parkinson's disease (PD). As a key regulator of protein and mitochondrial homeostasis, parkin plays a pivotal role in maintaining dopaminergic neuronal survival. However, whereas <i>Drosophila</i> parkin null mutants exhibit prominent parkinsonian features, parkin-deficient mice generally lack an overt phenotype. Here, we found that the expression of Hsp70 along with several other members of the chaperone family is elevated in parkin null mice, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism for the loss of parkin function in these mice that could have masked their phenotype. Supporting this, we demonstrate that the enhancement of chaperone function induced either pharmacologically via 17-AAG treatment or genetically via Hsp70 overexpression can protect cells against proteolytic and mitochondrial stress in a manner that is similar to that brought about by parkin overexpression. Importantly, we further showed that enhanced chaperone activity can ameliorate the pathological phenotypes in <i>Drosophila</i> parkin null mutants, which suggests the ability of chaperones to phenocopy parkin function. Taken together, our results suggest that Hsp members may act as compensatory factors for parkin loss of function and that the exploitation of these factors may be of potential therapeutic value.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129311
title: Supplementary Material for: False-Negative Cases on Confocal Microscopy Examination: A Retrospective Evaluation and Critical Reappraisal

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Confocal microscopy is a second-level examination for dermoscopically equivocal melanocytic lesions. However, the number of false-negative cases on confocal microscopy and the scenarios in which confocal microscopy may fail have not been fully elucidated. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To calculate the percentage of false-negative melanomas upon reflectance confocal microscopy examination in a large series of cases. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective analysis on 201 melanomas, evaluated for dermoscopic/confocal criteria of melanoma, was carried out. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-three melanomas out of 201 cases (11.4%) revealed a low 7-point checklist score. On confocal examination, 22 out of 23 lesions have been diagnosed correctly as melanomas. Only 1 lesion did not display melanoma features, neither upon dermoscopy nor upon confocal microscopy examination. Seven lesions out of 201 cases (3.5%) were judged as negative on confocal examination, even if 6 of them were diagnosed as melanomas by clinical and/or dermoscopic evaluation. After histopathological revision, these cases were grouped into 5 categories: (1) amelanotic melanoma (n = 1), (2) hyperkeratotic melanomas (n = 2), (3) lentiginous melanomas (n = 2), (4) melanoma with small pagetoid cells (n = 1), (5) spitzoid melanoma (n = 1). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Confocal and dermoscopic examination, along with patient-related information and clinical history, can lead to an optimal patient management.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129314
title: Supplementary Material for: Overall Survival Endpoint in Oncology Clinical Trials: Addressing the Effect of Crossover - The Case of Pazopanib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify the issues of using overall survival (OS) as a primary endpoint in the presence of crossover and the statistical analyses available to adjust for confounded OS due to crossover in oncology clinical trials. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An indirect comparison was conducted between pazopanib and sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Statistical adjustment methods were used to estimate the true comparative effectiveness of these treatments. Recently, a head-to-head trial comparing pazopanib and sunitinib was completed. This provided the opportunity to compare the OS treatment effect estimated for pazopanib versus sunitinib using indirect comparison and statistical adjustment techniques with that observed in the head-to-head trial. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using a rank-preserving structural failure time model to adjust for crossover in the pazopanib registration trial, the indirect comparison of pazopanib versus sunitinib resulted in an OS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.97, while an unadjusted analysis resulted in an OS HR of 1.96. The head-to-head trial reported a final OS HR of 0.92 for pazopanib versus sunitinib. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This case study supports the need to adjust for confounded OS due to crossover, which enables trials to meet ethical standards and provides decision makers with a more accurate estimate of treatment benefit.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129317
title: Supplementary Material for: Higher Education Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia after a Stroke or TIA. The Rotterdam Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia, possibly because of a higher tolerance to subclinical neurodegenerative pathology. Whether higher education also protects against dementia after clinical stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unknown. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, 12,561 participants free of stroke, TIA and dementia were followed for occurrence of stroke, TIA and dementia. Across the levels of education, associations of incident stroke or TIA with subsequent development of dementia and differences in cognitive decline following stroke or TIA were investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During 124,862 person-years, 1,463 persons suffered a stroke or TIA, 1,158 persons developed dementia, of whom 186 developed dementia after stroke or TIA. Risk of dementia after a stroke or TIA, compared to no stroke or TIA, was highest in the low education category (hazards ratio [HR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.18-1.81) followed by intermediate education category (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81). No significant association was observed in the high education category (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25-1.54). In gender stratified analyses, decrease in risk of dementia with increasing education was significant only in men. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia after stroke or TIA, particularly in men, which might be explained by a higher cognitive reserve.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129302
title: Supplementary Material for: Der Placeboeffekt in der antidepressiven Behandlung

description: Die vorherrschende Annahme zur Wirkung von Antidepressiva ist, dass diese durch die Behebung eines chemischen Ungleichgewichts, speziell eines Serotoninmangels im Gehirn, zustande kommt. Auswertungen der publizierten und nicht publizierten, d.h. von Pharmaunternehmen zurückgehaltenen Daten zeigen jedoch, dass der meiste (wenn nicht gar komplette) Nutzen durch den Placeboeffekt bewirkt wird. Einige Antidepressiva steigern die Serotoninspiegel, manche senken sie, und andere haben überhaupt keine Auswirkung auf Serotonin. Dennoch zeigen sie alle den gleichen therapeutischen Nutzen. Anstatt Depression zu behandeln, könnten gängige Antidepressiva eine biologische Vulnerabilität verursachen, die das Risiko einer zukünftigen Depression erhöht. Andere Behandlungsarten (z.B. Psychotherapie und körperliche Betätigung) erzeugen den gleichen Kurzzeitnutzen wie Antidepressiva, zeigen bessere Langzeitwirkung und tun dies ohne die Nebenwirkungen und Gesundheitsrisiken der Medikamente.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129305
title: Supplementary Material for: Die Allegianz von Forschenden als versteckter Moderator in der Psychotherapieforschung

description: Der direkte randomisierte Vergleich zwischen Behandlungen gilt als Standarddesign zur Ermittlung derjenigen Bestandteile komplexer psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen, die die Symptomverbesserung entscheidend beeinflussen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss einseitiger Allegianz von Forschenden - d.h. deren Präferenz für eine bestimmte Behandlung - als extra-therapeutischen Moderator des Behandlungseffekts. Da die Allegianz von Forschenden nur auf Studienebene gemessen werden kann, sind metaanalytische Strategien erforderlich, um mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen einseitiger Allegianz und Studienergebnissen zu untersuchen. In der Übersichtsarbeit soll gezeigt werden, dass eine einseitige Allegianz von Forschenden bedeutsam mit Studienergebnissen korreliert. Auch wenn dieser Zusammenhang bei verschiedenen Behandlungsansätzen und Störungen beobachtet werden kann, sind die Ursachen und verantwortlichen Prozesse noch nicht weitgehend bekannt. Aufgrund der Vielfalt an potenziellen kausalen Erklärungen für den beobachteten Zusammenhang zwischen Allegianz und Studienergebnissen schlussfolgern wir, dass die explizite Nennung der Allegianz ein möglicher und sinnvoller Schritt zur besseren Beurteilung von Schlussfolgerungen in der Psychotherapieforschung sein kann.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129314.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Overall Survival Endpoint in Oncology Clinical Trials: Addressing the Effect of Crossover - The Case of Pazopanib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify the issues of using overall survival (OS) as a primary endpoint in the presence of crossover and the statistical analyses available to adjust for confounded OS due to crossover in oncology clinical trials. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An indirect comparison was conducted between pazopanib and sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Statistical adjustment methods were used to estimate the true comparative effectiveness of these treatments. Recently, a head-to-head trial comparing pazopanib and sunitinib was completed. This provided the opportunity to compare the OS treatment effect estimated for pazopanib versus sunitinib using indirect comparison and statistical adjustment techniques with that observed in the head-to-head trial. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using a rank-preserving structural failure time model to adjust for crossover in the pazopanib registration trial, the indirect comparison of pazopanib versus sunitinib resulted in an OS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.97, while an unadjusted analysis resulted in an OS HR of 1.96. The head-to-head trial reported a final OS HR of 0.92 for pazopanib versus sunitinib. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This case study supports the need to adjust for confounded OS due to crossover, which enables trials to meet ethical standards and provides decision makers with a more accurate estimate of treatment benefit.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129317.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Higher Education Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia after a Stroke or TIA. The Rotterdam Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia, possibly because of a higher tolerance to subclinical neurodegenerative pathology. Whether higher education also protects against dementia after clinical stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unknown. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, 12,561 participants free of stroke, TIA and dementia were followed for occurrence of stroke, TIA and dementia. Across the levels of education, associations of incident stroke or TIA with subsequent development of dementia and differences in cognitive decline following stroke or TIA were investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During 124,862 person-years, 1,463 persons suffered a stroke or TIA, 1,158 persons developed dementia, of whom 186 developed dementia after stroke or TIA. Risk of dementia after a stroke or TIA, compared to no stroke or TIA, was highest in the low education category (hazards ratio [HR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.18-1.81) followed by intermediate education category (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81). No significant association was observed in the high education category (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25-1.54). In gender stratified analyses, decrease in risk of dementia with increasing education was significant only in men. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia after stroke or TIA, particularly in men, which might be explained by a higher cognitive reserve.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129293
title: Supplementary Material for: The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Tobacco Smoking on Endothelial Function

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized to occur in the context of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or tobacco smoking. However, the deleterious effect on vascular function with concurrence of both conditions is largely unknown. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate whether the concurrence of OSA and smoking poses an additive detriment to endothelial dysfunction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Chinese men without a history of chronic medical illness were invited to complete a questionnaire including smoking pack-year exposure, polysomnography and peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) for endothelial function. Serum 8-isoprostane, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 114 men were successfully enrolled. PAT ratio, adjusted for age and body mass index, correlated inversely with overall severity of OSA: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), r = -0.160 (p = 0.092); oxygen desaturation index, r = -0.214 (p = 0.024); duration of oxygen saturation &lt;90%, r = -0.219 (p = 0.020); and minimum oxygen saturation, r = 0.250 (p = 0.008). The PAT ratio decreased with increasing pack-year group (p = 0.018). It was lower with concurrent smoking history and moderate-severe OSA (AHI ≥15/h) compared to having one or neither factor (p = 0.011). Serum levels of 8-isoprostane and AOPP were positively related to severity of OSA, while MCP-1 correlated with smoking quantity. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that severity of intermittent hypoxia, MCP-1 and pack-year exposure were independent predictors of PAT ratio. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> While OSA, in particular intermittent hypoxemia, and tobacco smoking were independent risk factors, the concurrence of moderate-severe OSA and smoking was associated with the most severe impairment in endothelial function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129299
title: Supplementary Material for: Decrease of Hyperintense Vessels on Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Predicts Good Outcome in t-PA Patients

description: <b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Hyperintense vessels (HV) detected on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) indicate cerebral hypoperfusion. However, the clinical meaning of changes in HV is yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated serial changes to HV in patients with AIS who received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) therapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We studied t-PA patients presenting with HV on FLAIR in the middle cerebral artery territory. Patients underwent brain MRI 1 h before and after t-PA infusion. HV scores (range 1-7) were evaluated according to Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score territories, and then by subtracting HV scores at 1 h after t-PA infusion from those on admission, with a result of &gt;1 defined as decrease in HV score (DHV). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of DHV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify variables independently associated with good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days after stroke onset of 0-1). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 118 consecutive patients were enrolled (73 men; mean age 76 ± 9.7; median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 13; median initial HV score 5), of whom 52 (44%) had DHV. Patients with DHV showed a significantly lower NIHSS time course (p &lt; 0.001) and significantly smaller infarct volume time course (p &lt; 0.001) compared to those without DHV. Multivariate analysis showed that DHV was independently associated with good outcome (OR 3.89; 95% CI 1.55-9.77; p &lt; 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of DHV for good outcome were 70 and 68%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A DHV on FLAIR predicts good outcome in patients receiving t-PA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5129296
title: Supplementary Material for: Prior Cannabis Use Is Associated with Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Recent evidence suggests that a potential harmful relationship exists between cannabis use and ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the implications of cannabis use in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An analysis of an international, multicenter, observational database of consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH was conducted. We extracted the following characteristics on presentation: demographics, risk factors, antiplatelet or anticoagulant use, Glasgow Coma Scale, ICH score, neuroimaging parameters, and urine toxicology screen (UTS) results. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was utilized for determination of outcome at discharge. Adjusted logistic ordinal regression was used as shift analysis to assess the impact of cannabis use on mRS score at discharge. The adjusted common OR measured the likelihood that cannabis use would lead to lower mRS scores. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Within a cohort of 725 spontaneous ICH patients, UTS was positive for cannabinoids in 8.6%. Cannabinoids-positive (CB<sup>+</sup>) patients were more frequently Caucasian (p &lt; 0.001), younger (p &lt; 0.001), and had lower median ICH scores on admission (p = 0.017) than those who were cannabinoids-negative. CB<sup>+</sup> patients also showed a shift toward better outcome in the distribution of mRS categories, with an adjusted common OR of 0.544 (95% CI 0.330-0.895, p = 0.017). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this multinational cohort, cannabis use was discovered in nearly 10% of patients with spontaneous ICH. Although there was no relationship between cannabis use and specific ICH characteristics, CB<sup>+</sup> patients had milder ICH presentation and less disability at discharge.