cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012836.v1
title: Ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers in four seasons related to the structure of stargrass pasture

description: The ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers grazing on stargrass pasture was managed at two levels of light interception and two levels of post-grazing residual height. The experiment was conducted at Pesagro (Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State) between April 2012 and January 2013. The grazing (GT), rumination (RT) and idling (IT) times were evaluated every 10 minutes throughout a 24-hour period. Forage samples were collected for the analysis of chemical composition and for leaf:stem ratio determination. Dry bulb, wet bulb and black globe temperatures were evaluated every hour along with the relative humidity, during grazing to characterize the environment and calculate the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI). The mean grazing time (6 hours) was inversely related to sward height. The rumination time was associated with lignin content, in autumn and spring. The mean idle time (9 hours) was related to the grazing time. Animals became tolerant to climatic variations, as GT, RT and IT showed no temporal variations. On the other hand, the sward structure and its chemical characteristics showed greater influence on the ingestive activities of cattle grazing on pasture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012838.v1
title: Leaf tissue flows in ryegrass managed under different stocking rates

description: Morphogenetic, structural variables and leaf biomass flows of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were evaluated under two stocking rates: 'Low' and 'High'. These rates were determined by heifers exclusively on pasture or on pasture and supplemented with corn grain. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, two stocking rates, two and four replications of area for the stocking rates 'low' and 'high', respectively. The morphogenetic variables, the number of green leaves and tiller density were similar in both stocking rates. Leaf senescence rate was higher with low stocking rate. Heifers grazed with similar intensity and frequency in both stocking rates. The increase by 33.6% in the stocking rate caused by the use of supplement does not change the leaf biomass flow of Italian ryegrass, but alters its potential efficiency of use near the reproductive stage of the plant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012838
title: Leaf tissue flows in ryegrass managed under different stocking rates

description: Morphogenetic, structural variables and leaf biomass flows of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were evaluated under two stocking rates: 'Low' and 'High'. These rates were determined by heifers exclusively on pasture or on pasture and supplemented with corn grain. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, two stocking rates, two and four replications of area for the stocking rates 'low' and 'high', respectively. The morphogenetic variables, the number of green leaves and tiller density were similar in both stocking rates. Leaf senescence rate was higher with low stocking rate. Heifers grazed with similar intensity and frequency in both stocking rates. The increase by 33.6% in the stocking rate caused by the use of supplement does not change the leaf biomass flow of Italian ryegrass, but alters its potential efficiency of use near the reproductive stage of the plant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012839
title: Relative chlorophyll contents in the evaluation of the nutritional status of nitrogen from xaraes palisade grass and determination of critical nitrogen sufficiency index

description: The nutritional status of xaraes palisade grass with SPAD chlorophyll meter and the critical nitrogen sufficiency index (cNSI) in the dry and rainy seasons were assessed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (50, 100, 200 and 400 kg N ha-1), three replicates and two seasons: dry and rainy. All variables had a high nonlinear relationship with their predictors (p &lt; 0.001). Total nitrogen (TN) reached a plateau at doses 262.0 and 514.8 kg of N ha-1 and the concentration of TN in the plant was 1.88 and 1.93% respectively during the rainy and dry season. Relative chlorophyll content (RCC) reached a plateau at 46.05 and 53.65 SPAD units in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The production of dry matter (DM) showed maximum response to nitrogen fertilization at 209.5 and 229.1 kg N ha-1 during the rainy and dry season respectively. The nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) reached the plateau at 0.85 and 0.99 in the rainy and dry season respectively. All variables showed high linear correlation (r = 0.71 to 0.99). The xaraés palisade grass's cNSI is 0.85 and the chlorophyll meter may be used as a nutritional N management tool for the grass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012839.v1
title: Relative chlorophyll contents in the evaluation of the nutritional status of nitrogen from xaraes palisade grass and determination of critical nitrogen sufficiency index

description: The nutritional status of xaraes palisade grass with SPAD chlorophyll meter and the critical nitrogen sufficiency index (cNSI) in the dry and rainy seasons were assessed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (50, 100, 200 and 400 kg N ha-1), three replicates and two seasons: dry and rainy. All variables had a high nonlinear relationship with their predictors (p &lt; 0.001). Total nitrogen (TN) reached a plateau at doses 262.0 and 514.8 kg of N ha-1 and the concentration of TN in the plant was 1.88 and 1.93% respectively during the rainy and dry season. Relative chlorophyll content (RCC) reached a plateau at 46.05 and 53.65 SPAD units in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The production of dry matter (DM) showed maximum response to nitrogen fertilization at 209.5 and 229.1 kg N ha-1 during the rainy and dry season respectively. The nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) reached the plateau at 0.85 and 0.99 in the rainy and dry season respectively. All variables showed high linear correlation (r = 0.71 to 0.99). The xaraés palisade grass's cNSI is 0.85 and the chlorophyll meter may be used as a nutritional N management tool for the grass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17025440
title: ISV in MLD_raw data.xlsx

description: The file include raw data of participants with mathematical learning difficulties (MLD; group 2) and controls (group 1), for a study that examined intra-subject variability in MLD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17025440.v1
title: ISV in MLD_raw data.xlsx

description: The file include raw data of participants with mathematical learning difficulties (MLD; group 2) and controls (group 1), for a study that examined intra-subject variability in MLD.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012842
title: Performance of beef cattle bulls in feed lots and fed on diets containing enzymatic complex

description: Current paper evaluates the performance of confined beef cattle supplemented with amylolytic enzyme complex produced by fungus Aspergillus awamori and a commercial product containing multienzyme complex, yeast and MOS. Treatments comprised control (basal diet composed of 16% Mombasa grass silage, 66% ground corn, 3% vitamin nuclear mineral and 15% cottonseed meal), amylase treatment (control diet with the addition of 48.7 saccharifying units kg-1 diet) and compound treatment (control diet with the addition of enzymatic complex composed of 83.2 saccharifying units, 8.8 fibrolytic units, 0.05 g of mannan oligosaccharides and 0.2 g of inactivated yeast Kg-1 of the dry matter diet). The addition of products did not significantly increase daily weight gain, intake, feed conversion and carcass yield of cattle. There was no difference between in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) in the diets. The percentage of residual fecal starch was not influenced by exogenous amylolytic enzymes of amylase and compound treatments. The tested products were not able to improve animal performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012842.v1
title: Performance of beef cattle bulls in feed lots and fed on diets containing enzymatic complex

description: Current paper evaluates the performance of confined beef cattle supplemented with amylolytic enzyme complex produced by fungus Aspergillus awamori and a commercial product containing multienzyme complex, yeast and MOS. Treatments comprised control (basal diet composed of 16% Mombasa grass silage, 66% ground corn, 3% vitamin nuclear mineral and 15% cottonseed meal), amylase treatment (control diet with the addition of 48.7 saccharifying units kg-1 diet) and compound treatment (control diet with the addition of enzymatic complex composed of 83.2 saccharifying units, 8.8 fibrolytic units, 0.05 g of mannan oligosaccharides and 0.2 g of inactivated yeast Kg-1 of the dry matter diet). The addition of products did not significantly increase daily weight gain, intake, feed conversion and carcass yield of cattle. There was no difference between in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) in the diets. The percentage of residual fecal starch was not influenced by exogenous amylolytic enzymes of amylase and compound treatments. The tested products were not able to improve animal performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012844
title: Influence of genotype-environment interaction on the classification of Nellore bulls in Southern Brazil

description: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of genotype-environment interaction, as well as its effects on the magnitude of genetic parameters and the classification of Nellore breeding bulls for the trait adjusted weight at 205 days (W205) on Southern Brazil. The components of (co)variance were estimated by Bayesian inference, using a linear-linear animal model in a bi-trait analysis. The proposed model for the analyses considers as random the direct additive genetic and maternal effects and residual effects, and as fixed effects the contemporary groups, sex, season of birth and weighing, and calving age as covariable (linear and quadratic effects). The a posteriori mean estimates of the direct heritabilities for W205 in the three States varied from 0.24 in Paraná (PR) to 0.34 in Santa Catarina (SC). The estimates of maternal heritability varied from 0.23 in SC and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) to 0.28 in PR. The a posteriori mean distributions of the genetic correlation varied from 0.52 between SC and RS, to 0.84 between PR and RS, suggesting that the best breeding bulls in SC are not the same as in RS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012844.v1
title: Influence of genotype-environment interaction on the classification of Nellore bulls in Southern Brazil

description: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of genotype-environment interaction, as well as its effects on the magnitude of genetic parameters and the classification of Nellore breeding bulls for the trait adjusted weight at 205 days (W205) on Southern Brazil. The components of (co)variance were estimated by Bayesian inference, using a linear-linear animal model in a bi-trait analysis. The proposed model for the analyses considers as random the direct additive genetic and maternal effects and residual effects, and as fixed effects the contemporary groups, sex, season of birth and weighing, and calving age as covariable (linear and quadratic effects). The a posteriori mean estimates of the direct heritabilities for W205 in the three States varied from 0.24 in Paraná (PR) to 0.34 in Santa Catarina (SC). The estimates of maternal heritability varied from 0.23 in SC and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) to 0.28 in PR. The a posteriori mean distributions of the genetic correlation varied from 0.52 between SC and RS, to 0.84 between PR and RS, suggesting that the best breeding bulls in SC are not the same as in RS.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012847.v1
title: Performance of jundiá larvae, Rhamdia quelen, fed on probiotic supplemented diets

description: Since probiotics have proved to be a viable alternative to antibiotics as enhancers of animal growth, the performance, uniformity and mortality rates of the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) larvae fed on diets with different probiotics were evaluated. Jundiá larvae, aged four days post hatching, were fed during 21 days with the following diets, in four replicates, namely, CO: control feed, without probiotics; PP: feed with Pichia pastoris; SB: feed with Saccharomyces boulardii; BT: feed with Bacillus cereus var. toyoi. Among the tested probiotic, Bacillus cereus var. toyoi had the best results due to the fact that the larvae were 25% heavier than CO at the end of the first week; the difference increased to 28% by the end of the trial. Further, BT also improved uniformity and Fulton's condition factor. Larvae fed on Saccharomyces boulardii had the lowest body weight, whereas those fed on Pichia pastoris grew similarly to the control diet. Mortality rate was not affected by treatments. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi improves the performance and uniformity of the larvae, but does not affect mortality rate.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012847
title: Performance of jundiá larvae, Rhamdia quelen, fed on probiotic supplemented diets

description: Since probiotics have proved to be a viable alternative to antibiotics as enhancers of animal growth, the performance, uniformity and mortality rates of the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) larvae fed on diets with different probiotics were evaluated. Jundiá larvae, aged four days post hatching, were fed during 21 days with the following diets, in four replicates, namely, CO: control feed, without probiotics; PP: feed with Pichia pastoris; SB: feed with Saccharomyces boulardii; BT: feed with Bacillus cereus var. toyoi. Among the tested probiotic, Bacillus cereus var. toyoi had the best results due to the fact that the larvae were 25% heavier than CO at the end of the first week; the difference increased to 28% by the end of the trial. Further, BT also improved uniformity and Fulton's condition factor. Larvae fed on Saccharomyces boulardii had the lowest body weight, whereas those fed on Pichia pastoris grew similarly to the control diet. Mortality rate was not affected by treatments. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi improves the performance and uniformity of the larvae, but does not affect mortality rate.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012848
title: Effect of age of dam on weight of calf in the genetic assessment of Zebu cattle in random regression models

description: Current analysis estimated co-variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits by random regression models taking into consideration the cow's age on the weight of calves. Genealogical data and records on weights of male and female Zebu cattle, born between 1993 and 2011, were provided by the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP). Different models were compared by Akaike and Bayesian criteria. Legendre's orthogonal polynomials were used to model the direct and maternal genetic effects of maternal and animal permanent environmental effects. Joint modeling of cow age at the moment their progenies were weighed resulted in more accurate estimates of co-variance components and genetics parameters. Co-variance functions of the cow age retrieved the dam effect on real performance of the progenies, reduced biases, improved parameter estimates and predicted breeding rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012848.v1
title: Effect of age of dam on weight of calf in the genetic assessment of Zebu cattle in random regression models

description: Current analysis estimated co-variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits by random regression models taking into consideration the cow's age on the weight of calves. Genealogical data and records on weights of male and female Zebu cattle, born between 1993 and 2011, were provided by the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP). Different models were compared by Akaike and Bayesian criteria. Legendre's orthogonal polynomials were used to model the direct and maternal genetic effects of maternal and animal permanent environmental effects. Joint modeling of cow age at the moment their progenies were weighed resulted in more accurate estimates of co-variance components and genetics parameters. Co-variance functions of the cow age retrieved the dam effect on real performance of the progenies, reduced biases, improved parameter estimates and predicted breeding rates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012850
title: Morphogenesis in pastures with Tanzania grass fertilized with nitrogen doses under a grazing system

description: The morphogenetic and structural characteristics, coupled to forage production of Tanzania grass with nitrogen (N) doses during the seasons of the year, at intermittent grazing, were analyzed. The experimental design consisted of a totally randomized block with split plots and four replications. The plots comprised 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1 N levels, whereas the sub-plots were the seasons. Urea was applied three times on the pasture and had a positive effect on the rates of leaf elongation and emergence and on the number of live leaves of Tanzania grass in the spring and summer. High nitrogen fertilization associated with shorter grazing intervals triggered a higher percentage of leaf blades in the management of Tanzania grass under rotational stocking at a height of 70 cm on the admittance of animals for grazing and their exit at 30 cm stubble height.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012850.v1
title: Morphogenesis in pastures with Tanzania grass fertilized with nitrogen doses under a grazing system

description: The morphogenetic and structural characteristics, coupled to forage production of Tanzania grass with nitrogen (N) doses during the seasons of the year, at intermittent grazing, were analyzed. The experimental design consisted of a totally randomized block with split plots and four replications. The plots comprised 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1 N levels, whereas the sub-plots were the seasons. Urea was applied three times on the pasture and had a positive effect on the rates of leaf elongation and emergence and on the number of live leaves of Tanzania grass in the spring and summer. High nitrogen fertilization associated with shorter grazing intervals triggered a higher percentage of leaf blades in the management of Tanzania grass under rotational stocking at a height of 70 cm on the admittance of animals for grazing and their exit at 30 cm stubble height.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012854
title: Bacterial diversity in bovine rumen by metagenomic 16S rDNA sequencing and scanning electron microscopy

description: The bacterial diversity by 16S rDNA partial sequencing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the rumen microbiome was characterized. Three Nellore bovines, cannulated at the rumen, were utilized. Liquid and solid fractions from the rumen content were processed for the extraction of metagenomic DNA and later 16S rDNA amplicons were utilized to construct the WGA library for further clone sequencing. Data were analyzed by MEGA and MOTUR (University of Michigan) softwares. Approximately 97.96% of operation taxonomic units (OTUs) were related to Bacteriodetes phylum and 2.04% of sequences were affiliated to Firmicutes phylum. In the case of Bacteriodetes, the great part of sequences (47.96%) was attributed to Prevotella genus. Bacteroidetes phylum was predominant in rumen content and the Prevotella genus was the most abundant, including diverse species related to this taxon. The bacterial morphological diversity associated to plant fibers was detected by SEM and showed its role in plant biomass deconstruction beyond the detection of microbiological interactions that involved protozoa.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012854.v1
title: Bacterial diversity in bovine rumen by metagenomic 16S rDNA sequencing and scanning electron microscopy

description: The bacterial diversity by 16S rDNA partial sequencing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the rumen microbiome was characterized. Three Nellore bovines, cannulated at the rumen, were utilized. Liquid and solid fractions from the rumen content were processed for the extraction of metagenomic DNA and later 16S rDNA amplicons were utilized to construct the WGA library for further clone sequencing. Data were analyzed by MEGA and MOTUR (University of Michigan) softwares. Approximately 97.96% of operation taxonomic units (OTUs) were related to Bacteriodetes phylum and 2.04% of sequences were affiliated to Firmicutes phylum. In the case of Bacteriodetes, the great part of sequences (47.96%) was attributed to Prevotella genus. Bacteroidetes phylum was predominant in rumen content and the Prevotella genus was the most abundant, including diverse species related to this taxon. The bacterial morphological diversity associated to plant fibers was detected by SEM and showed its role in plant biomass deconstruction beyond the detection of microbiological interactions that involved protozoa.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012856
title: Estimates of in situ digestibility and fibrous compounds in feeds for ruminants

description: Current paper assesses the relationship between in situ incubation time, particle size and types of materials on estimates of indigestible fractions of dry matter (iDM) and neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) in cattle feed and feces. Samples of soybean meal, alfalfa and feces of cattle fed on high concentrated diets were analyzed. The samples were processed in a Wiley mill, with 0.5 and 1.5 mm porosity for food and 1.5 mm for feces, which were packed in 4 × 5 cm F57 bags (Ankon(r)) and nonwoven fabric (100 g m-2) of two brands. The material was divided into two groups, with and without treatment with acetone, and five replications. Samples of each group were incubated in the rumen of a multiparous cow adapted to a 70:30 diet, forage:concentrate diet, for 240 hours. The iDM and iNDF levels were evaluated sequentially to interpret the percentages of undigested material. Data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA, p &lt; 0.05) and means were compared by Tukey's test (p &lt; 0.05). Material, size of particles and incubated material affected iDM and iNDF estimates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20012856.v1
title: Estimates of in situ digestibility and fibrous compounds in feeds for ruminants

description: Current paper assesses the relationship between in situ incubation time, particle size and types of materials on estimates of indigestible fractions of dry matter (iDM) and neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) in cattle feed and feces. Samples of soybean meal, alfalfa and feces of cattle fed on high concentrated diets were analyzed. The samples were processed in a Wiley mill, with 0.5 and 1.5 mm porosity for food and 1.5 mm for feces, which were packed in 4 × 5 cm F57 bags (Ankon(r)) and nonwoven fabric (100 g m-2) of two brands. The material was divided into two groups, with and without treatment with acetone, and five replications. Samples of each group were incubated in the rumen of a multiparous cow adapted to a 70:30 diet, forage:concentrate diet, for 240 hours. The iDM and iNDF levels were evaluated sequentially to interpret the percentages of undigested material. Data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA, p &lt; 0.05) and means were compared by Tukey's test (p &lt; 0.05). Material, size of particles and incubated material affected iDM and iNDF estimates.