DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtn9
title: Data from: Plants and soil biota co-regulate stability of ecosystem multifunctionality under multiple environmental changes

description: The increase in phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) inputs, as well as soil
 acidification resulting from multiple environmental changes, has profound
 effects on the attributes of plant and soil biota communities, and on
 ecosystem functions. However, a comprehensive understanding of how these
 community attributes impact ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) and its
 stability under multiple environmental changes remains unclear. By
 integrating datasets over four consecutive years from an experiment with
 enrichments of soil acidification and N and P in a semiarid grassland on
 the Mongolian Plateau, we explored the effects of environmental changes on
 community attributes (species richness, asynchrony, and compositional
 temporal stability) of plants and soil biota (bacteria, fungi, and
 nematodes) and their associations with EMF stability. The attributes of
 plants and soil biota showed opposite responses to nutrient enrichment
 under soil acidification and non-acidification conditions. Soil
 acidification had a more significant effect on the community attributes of
 plants and soil biota, as well as on the components of EMF stability, than
 nutrient enrichment. Soil acidification decreased both the mean and
 stability of EMF, while N enrichment increased the mean of EMF. P did not
 have a significant effect on the components of EMF stability, but N and P
 showed positive interactive effects on the mean and stability of EMF. We
 also found that plant and soil biota richness had a positive effect on
 EMF, while plant asynchrony and soil biota compositional stability
 determined EMF stability. The community attributes of plants and soil
 biota co-regulate the components of EMF stability under multiple
 environmental changes. These findings highlight the urgent need to protect
 the biodiversity of plants and soil biota to maintain EMF and its
 stability, especially for ecosystems undergoing multiple environmental
 changes.
description: # Data from: Plants and soil biota co-regulate stability of ecosystem
 multifunctionality under multiple environmental changes
 **20241020_Data_NPA.xlsx** Sheet 1: The raw data for the experiment with
 multiple environmental changes from 40 plots for four years. Sheet 2: The
 averaged data for the experiment with multiple environmental changes from
 40 plots. NA in the dataset indicates missing data for relevant variables.
 All treatment variables in Sheet1 and Sheet2 are listed in Sheet3 as
 follows: **Abbreviation and Unit Description** Year unitless Sampling year
 Plot unitless ID for sampling plot BK unitless Block Treat unitless
 Treatments: CK, without N or P enrichment; N, with N enrichment; P, with P
 enrichment; NP, with enrichment of both N and P Acid unitless Acid
 enrichment: 0, without acid enrichment; 1 with acid enrichment N unitless
 N enrichment: 0, without N enrichment; 1 with N enrichment P unitless P
 enrichment: 0, without P enrichment; 1 with P enrichment SOC g kg-1 Soil
 organic carbon TSN g kg-1 Total soil nitrogen TSP g kg-1 Total soil
 phosphorus SM % Soil moisture TIN mg kg-1 Total inorganic nitrogen PH
 unitless Soil pH ANPP g m-2 Aboveground net primary productivity Cmin mg
 g-1 day-1 Soil carbon mineralization rate Nmin mg kg-1 day-1 Soil nitrogen
 mineralization rate TMB nmol g-1 Total microbial biomass TNA ind. g-1 dry
 soil Total nematode abundance ANPP_sd unitless Standard deviation of
 aboveground net primary productivity ANPP_sta unitless Stability of
 aboveground net primary productivity Cmin_sd unitless Standard deviation
 of soil carbon mineralization rate Cmin_sta unitless Stability of soil
 carbon mineralization rate Nmin_sd unitless Standard deviation of soil
 nitrogen mineralization rate Nmin_sta unitless Stability of soil nitrogen
 mineralization rate TMB_sd unitless Standard deviation of total microbial
 biomass TMB_sta unitless Stability of total microbial biomass TNA_sd
 unitless Standard deviation of total nematode abundance TNA_sta unitless
 Stability of total nematode abundance Multi_fun unitless Mean of ecosystem
 multifunctionality Multi_fun_sd unitless Standard deviation of ecosystem
 multifunctionality Multi_fun_stability unitless Stability of ecosystem
 multifunctionality Plant_rich unitless Plant richness Ba_rich unitless
 Bacterial richness Fu_rich unitless Fungi richness Nema_rich unitless
 Nematode richness Biota_rich unitless Soil biota richness Plant_asy
 unitless Plant asynchrony Ba_asy unitless Bacterial asynchrony Fu_asy
 unitless Fungi asynchrony Nema_asy unitless Nematode asynchrony Biota_asy
 unitless Soil biota asynchrony Plant_com_sta unitless Plant compositional
 stability Ba_com_sta unitless Bacterial compositional stability Fu_com_sta
 unitless Fungi compositional stability Nema_com_sta unitless Nematode
 compositional stability Biota_com_sta unitless Soil biota compositional
 stability ### Code/Software **20241023_Code.R** The R code for this study.
 Any scripts,code, packages can be run using R version 4.2.1 (R Core Team,
 2022).