DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c866t1ggj
title: Data from: Multiple insular-prefrontal pathways underlie perception to execution during response inhibition in humans

description: Inhibiting prepotent responses in the face of external stop signals
 requires complex information processing, from perceptual to control
 processing. However, the cerebral circuits underlying these processes
 remain elusive. In this study, we used neuroimaging and brain stimulation
 to investigate the interplay between human brain regions during response
 inhibition at the whole-brain level. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested
 a sequential four-step processing pathway: initiating from the primary
 visual cortex (V1), progressing to the dorsal anterior insula (daINS),
 then involving two essential regions in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC),
 namely the ventral posterior IFC (vpIFC) and anterior IFC (aIFC), and
 reaching the basal ganglia (BG)/primary motor cortex (M1). A combination
 of ultrasound stimulation and time-resolved magnetic stimulation
 elucidated the causal influence of daINS on vpIFC and the unidirectional
 dependence of aIFC on vpIFC. These results unveil asymmetric pathways in
 the insular-prefrontal cortex and outline the macroscopic cerebral
 circuits for response inhibition: V1→daINS→vpIFC/aIFC→BG/M1.
description: # Data from: Multiple insular-prefrontal pathways underlie perception to
 execution during response inhibition in humans
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1ggj](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1ggj) ## Description of the data and file structure This repository contains the data for the manuscript entitled: "Multiple insular-prefrontal pathways underlie perception to execution during response inhibition in humans" Nature Communications 15: 10380 (2024) | doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54564-9 Authors: Osada T, Nakajima K, Shirokoshi T, Ogawa A, Oka S, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, and Konishi S. 1\. parcellation.zip The file "parcellation.zip" contains data on cerebrocortical parcellation based on Osada et al. (2021). The files can be viewed using wb_view in Connectome Workbench ([https://www.humanconnectome.org/software/connectome-workbench](https://www.humanconnectome.org/software/connectome-workbench)). Parcels ("parcel.dlabel.nii") are displayed on the template surfaces ("Conte69.L.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii" and "Conte69.R.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii"). \- parcel.dlabel.nii: CIFTI file for the parcellation of the cerebral cortex. This file contains parcel designations and a color key for each grayordinate. Distinct colors indicate distinct parcels (i.e., functional units). The whole cerebral cortex was parcellated into 330 parcels. \- Conte69.L.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii and Conte69.R.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii: GIFTI files for surface geometry of the left and right hemispheres, respectively. These files specify 3D vertex coordinates and their topological relationships (triangular tessellation). These files are used for template surfaces. 2\. fmri_task.zip The file "fmri_task.zip" contains behavioral and activation data from the stop-signal task (a task for response inhibition) conducted during fMRI scanning. The activation data includes a vertexwise t-map (contrast: Stop success minus Go success) and a t-map based on ROIs in the cerebrocortical parcels. The t-maps can be viewed using wb_view and displayed on the template surfaces. \- performance_fmri.xlsx: Behavioral data for the stop-signal task for each subject during fMRI scanning. This includes reaction time for Go success trials, stop-signal delay (SSD), stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), correct response rates for Go and Stop trials, reaction time for Stop failure trials, and reaction times for Stop failure trials with SSDs shorter/longer than the median SSD. \- tmap_Stop_success_minus_Go_success.dtseries.nii: CIFTI file for the vertexwise task activation t-map (contrast: Stop success minus Go success). \- tmap_Stop_success_minus_Go_success.ptseries.nii: CIFTI file for task activation t-map on the basis of regions of interest (ROIs) of the cerebrocortical parcels. \- Conte69.L.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii and Conte69.R.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii: GIFTI files for surface geometry. 3\. diffusion_mri.zip The file "diffusion_mri.zip" contains diffusion MRI data for the seeds of the right vpIFC ("diffusion_seed_vpIFC.dtseries.nii"), the right daINS ("diffusion_seed_daINS.dtseries.nii"), the right STN ("diffusion_seed_STN.dtseries.nii"), the right anterior putamen ("diffusion_seed_AnteriorPutamen.dtseries.nii"), and the right caudate nucleus ("diffusion_seed_CaudateNucleus.dtseries.nii"). The structural connectivity data via diffusion MRI is shown based on ROIs in the cerebrocortical parcels. The maps can be viewed using wb_view and diplayed on the template surfaces. \- diffusion_seed_vpIFC.dtseries.nii: CIFTI file for structural connectivity data in the cerebral cortex for the seed of the right ventral posterior inferior frontal cortex (vpIFC). \- diffusion_seed_daINS.dtseries.nii: CIFTI file for structural connectivity data in the cerebral cortex for the seed of the right dorsal anterior insula (daINS). \- diffusion_seed_STN.dtseries.nii: CIFTI file for structural connectivity data in the cerebral cortex for the seed of the right subthalamic nucleus (STN). \- diffusion_seed_AnteriorPutamen.dtseries.nii: CIFTI file for structural connectivity data in the cerebral cortex for the seed of the right anterior putamen. \- diffusion_seed_CaudateNucleus.dtseries.nii: CIFTI file for structural connectivity data in the cerebral cortex for the seed of the right caudate nucleus. \- Conte69.L.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii and Conte69.R.inflated.32k_fs_LR.surf.gii: GIFTI files for surface geometry. The data analyses were performed using freely available codes of HCP pipelines ([https://github.com/Washington-University/HCPpipelines](https://github.com/Washington-University/HCPpipelines)), FSL ([https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki](https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki)), and SPM ([http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/](http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/)).