DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvg2
title: Data from: Genetic depletion does not prevent rapid evolution in island-introduced lizards

description: Experimental introductions of species have provided some of the most
 tractable examples of rapid phenotypic changes, which may reflect
 plasticity, the impact of stochastic processes, or the action of natural
 selection. Yet to date, very few studies have investigated the neutral and
 potentially adaptive genetic impacts of experimental introductions. We
 dissect the role of these processes in shaping the population
 differentiation of wall lizards in three Croatian islands (Sušac, Pod
 Kopište, Pod Mrčaru), including the islet of Pod Mrčaru where
 experimentally introduced lizards underwent rapid (~30 generations)
 phenotypic changes associated to a shift from an insectivorous to a
 plant-based diet. Using a genomic approach (~82,000 ddRAD loci), we
 confirmed a founder effect during introduction, and very low neutral
 genetic differentiation between the introduced population and its source.
 However, genetic depletion did not prevent rapid population growth, as the
 introduced lizards exhibited population genetic signals of expansion and
 are known to have reached a high density. Our genome-scan analysis
 identified just a handful of loci showing large allelic shifts between
 ecologically divergent populations. This low overall signal of selection
 suggests that the extreme phenotypic differences observed among
 populations are determined by a small number of large-effect loci, and/or
 that phenotypic plasticity plays a major role in phenotypic changes.
 Nonetheless, functional annotation of the outlier loci revealed some
 candidate genes relevant to diet-induced adaptation, in agreement with the
 hypothesis of directional selection. Our study provides important insights
 on the evolutionary potential of bottlenecked populations in response to
 new selective pressures on short ecological timescales.
description: ## Data from: Genetic depletion does not prevent rapid evolution in
 island-introduced lizards https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rxwdbrvg2 Authors:
 Stéphanie Sherpa, Josephine R. Paris, Iolanda Silva-Rocha, Viola Di Canio,
 Miguel Angel Carretero, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Daniele Salvi Journal:
 Ecology and Evolution ## Experiment Double digest restriction associated
 DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) ## Description of the data and file structure
 Sample information; file: Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_pop\_map.txt
 Datasets; file: Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_Datasets.zip; include: (1) SNP
 dataset after filtering for missing data, low sequencing coverage, and
 excess of shared heterozygosity (all SNPs; minor allele count = 1) VCF
 file: N=24 individuals; 329,673 SNPs distributed over 82,404 loci; file:
 Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_full\_SNP\_dataset.vcf (2) SNP dataset used for
 preliminary population structure analysis (1 random SNP per locus; minor
 allele count = 3) VCF file: N=24 individuals; 54,050 SNPs; file:
 Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_SNP\_dataset\_popgen\_1.vcf subsequent datasets
 after removing one highly admixed individual in MRC (3) Datasets used for
 selection analysis (1 random SNP per locus; minor allele count = 3)
 BayeScan file: N=23 individuals; 52,499 SNPs; file:
 Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_SNP\_dataset\_bayescan.txt (not imputed)
 Pcadapt file (LFMM format): N=23 individuals; 52,499 SNPs; file:
 Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_SNP\_dataset\_pcadapt.lfmm (missing genotypes
 imputed by the median locus genotype among individuals) subsequent
 datasets after removing outlier loci from the SNP dataset (4) SNP dataset
 used for analysis of low-frequency polymorphisms (1 random SNP per locus;
 no MAF filter) VCF file: N=23 individuals; 73,847 SNPs; file:
 Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_SNP\_demography.vcf (5) SNP dataset used for
 analyses of population structure and genetic diversity (1 random SNP per
 locus; minor allele count = 3) VCF file: N=23 individuals; 52,470 SNPs;
 file: Sherpa\_et\_al\_2023\_ECE\_SNP\_dataset\_popgen\_2.vcf ##
 Sharing/Access information Individual sequences (demultiplexed paired-end
 fastq files) are available in the European Nucleotide Archive repository
 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena; project accession PRJEB65979). Sample accession
 numbers are provided in the pop map file.