DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2fqz612xb
title: Niche expansion of capuchin monkeys to forest floor on guild-reduced islands increases interspecific spatio-temporal overlap

description: Interspecific interactions play an important role in structuring wildlife
 communities. On islands, which often have reduced species assemblages,
 species may expand their niches resulting in unusual patterns of
 interactions with other members of the ecological community. In this
 study, we compared spatio-temporal interactions of two food competitors
 between a site with predators and two predator-free islands in the Coiba
 archipelago, Panama. Here, capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus imitator)
 exhibit high levels of terrestriality, and some groups engage in stone
 tool use. This potentially leads to competition with sympatric agoutis
 (Dasyprocta coibae), which have overlapping diets. We used camera-trap
 surveys to estimate temporal overlap between both species, distinguishing
 between arboreal and terrestrial activity of capuchins. We also compared
 detection rates and intervals between consecutive detections of both
 species at sites in which the monkeys use stone tools (tool-use area) and
 sites in which they do not (non-tool-use area). We found high
 spatio-temporal overlap between agouti and capuchin on the forest floor of
 both islands. While capuchins visited the tool-use area four times as
 often as the non-tool-use area, agoutis avoided the tool-use area, capture
 rates being 25 times as low. Waiting times were shorter for both species
 at the tool-use area. These results suggest temporal overlap and spatial
 segregation. Niche expansions on islands thus cause unique interactions
 that do not occur on the mainland. 
description: # Niche expansion of capuchin monkeys to forest floor on guild-reduced
 islands increases interspecific spatio-temporal overlap
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2fqz612xb](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2fqz612xb) ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset includes raw data, processed data, and scripts for "Niche expansion of capuchin monkeys to forest floor on guild-reduced islands increases interspecific spatio-temporal overlap". The folder contains the following data files: 1. Supp.DATA_CoibaBioblitz.csv 1. Raw data from Survey 1. 2. Supp.DATA_capuchin_terrestriality.csv 1. Raw data from Survey 2. 3. Supp.DATA_tool_users.csv 1. Raw data from Survey 3. 4. Processed_Data.csv 1. Processed data used for the analyses. All data files contain the following columns: 1. scientificName: The scientific name of the species. *Cebus capucinus* for white-faced capuchin monkey and *Dasyprocta punctata* for Central American agouti. 2. locationName: The camera trap station where the detection event was recorded. 3. DateTime: Date and time of the detection event. 4. dep_start: Start date and time of the camera trap deployment. 5. dep_end: End date and time of the camera trap deployment. 6. cam_loc: Whether the camera trap was on the canopy of the tree (canopy) or at knee-height (ground). 7. sites: Whether the camera trap was located on an island site (Island) or at Barro Colorado (Mainland). 8. suntime: Solar time of the detection event. 9. dep_length_hours: Camera trap deployment duration in hours. This is the difference between columns dep_end and dep_start. Additionally the following columns are present on the Processed_Data.csv file: 1. tool_site: Whether the camera trap was located in the tool-use area (1) or not (0). 2. tool_use: Whether the detection event involved a monkey using tools (1) or not (0). **Note:** The raw data from Survey 3 (Supp.DATA_tool_users.csv) was originally coded using a 30-second temporal filter, rather than the 2-minute filter used in Survey 1(Supp.DATA_CoibaBioblitz.csv) and Survey 2 (Supp.DATA_capuchin_terrestriality.csv). Thus, raw data from Survey 3 must be recoded using a 2-minute filter, prior to running analyses. This is done on S1-Script-Data-Prep (see below). ## Code/Software The data contains the following script files for replicating analyses: 1. S1-Script-Data-Prep.R 1. This script is optional. It is for preparing the data prior to running the analyses. The outcome of this script is the object Processed_Data.csv. Additionally, this script also reproduces the camera trap operation plots of the Supplementary Information. 2. S2-Script-Temporal-Overlap.R 1. This script reproduces the analyses of activity patterns and temporal overlap. 3. S3-Script-GLMM.R 1. This script reproduces the analyses of detection rates. 4. S4-Script-Survival-Analysis.R 1. This script reproduces the waiting time analysis. Use S1-Script-Data-Prep for replicating data preparation and for the camera operation plots on Supplementary Information. For replicating the analyses directly, use file "Processed_Data.csv" and start on S2-Script-Temporal Overlap.