cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892627
title: ACTwatch Outlet Survey Files: DRC (Kinshasa & Katanga) 2015

description: ACTwatch DRC (Kinshasa & Katanga) 2015 files This collection contains the questionnaire, codebook, reference document and dataset (in Stata .dta format) for the DRC 2015 ACTwatch outlet survey. Started in 2008, ACTwatch was intended to fill evidence gaps related to malaria diagnostics, antimalarial medicines and fever case management in the private and public sectors. ACTwatch collected data to inform evidence-based malaria control policies and programmes. ACTwatch was a PSI research project in partnership with LSHTM. ACTwatch measured nationally representative surveys to all public and private health outlets within selected regions, across a total of 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the Greater Mekong Sub-region and multiple years. Outlet Surveys monitored trends in the availability, volumes, and prices of antimalarials in the public and private sectors, which included the informal sector. All outlet types with the potential to sell antimalarials were included, from hospitals to private pharmacies to street hawkers. The collection and processing of these data provided sound evidence for country-specific policy recommendations. The use of standardized indicators allowed for broad trends to be identified and global policy recommendations to be implemented into policy and action.A guidance document containing comprehensive information on the ACTwatch project, design, questionnaires and data can be found by clicking on the first reference link below.All potential data users are encouraged to review this document before analyzing any ACTwatch data.Note: version 2 of this record replaces the original files containing indirect identifying information in the outlet survey<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892630.v1
title: 3D human pyramidal dendrites with spines

description: R workspace with the five human pyramidal neurons used in the paper "Three-dimensional spatial modeling of spines along dendritic networks in human cortical pyramidal neurons". The workspace contains two hyperframes called apical and basal with the apical and basal dendrites of the analyzed cells, respectively, in the same order in which they appear in the paper. Use spatstat package for a proper visualization of the data. Each hyperframe consists in three columns: vertices: three-dimensional point pattern specifying the vertices of the dendritic network. m: adjacency matrix of logical values equal to TRUE when the corresponding vertices are joined by a line. X: three-dimensional point pattern specifying the locations of the spines in the network.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892618
title: ACTwatch Outlet Survey Files: Benin 2016

description: ACTwatch Benin 2016 files This fileset contains the questionnaire, codebook, reference document and dataset (in Stata .dta format) for the Benin 2016 ACTwatch outlet survey. Started in 2008, ACTwatch was intended to fill evidence gaps related to malaria diagnostics, antimalarial medicines and fever case management in the private and public sectors. ACTwatch collected data to inform evidence-based malaria control policies and programmes. ACTwatch was a PSI research project in partnership with LSHTM. ACTwatch measured nationally representative surveys to all public and private health outlets within selected regions, across a total of 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the Greater Mekong Sub-region and multiple years. Outlet Surveys monitored trends in the availability, volumes, and prices of antimalarials in the public and private sectors, which included the informal sector. All outlet types with the potential to sell antimalarials were included, from hospitals to private pharmacies to street hawkers. The collection and processing of these data provided sound evidence for country-specific policy recommendations. The use of standardized indicators allowed for broad trends to be identified and global policy recommendations to be implemented into policy and action.A guidance document containing comprehensive information on the ACTwatch project, design, questionnaires and data can be found by clicking on the reference link below.<br>All potential data users are encouraged to review this document before analyzing any ACTwatch data.Note: version 2 of this record replaces the original files containing indirect identifying information in the outlet survey<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892615
title: 20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

description: Despite frequent field observations of impaired immune response and increased disease incidence in contaminant-exposed wildlife populations, immunotoxic effects are rarely considered in ecotoxicological risk assessment. The aim of this study was to review the literature on immunotoxic effects of chemicals in fish to quantitatively evaluate (i) which experimental approaches were used to assess immunotoxic effects, (ii) whether immune markers exist to screen for potential immunotoxic activities of chemicals, and (iii) how predictive those parameters are for adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence and disease resistance. A total of 241 publications on fish immunotoxicity were quantitatively analyzed. The main conclusions included: (i) To date, fish immunotoxicology focused mainly on innate immune responses and immunosuppressive effects. (ii) In numerous studies, the experimental conditions are poorly documented, as for instance age or sex of the fish or the rationale for the selected exposure conditions is often missing. (iii) Although a broad variety of parameters were used to assess immunotoxicity, the rationale for the choice of measured parameters was often not given, remaining unclear how they link to the suspected immunotoxic mode of action of the chemicals. (iv) At the current state of knowledge, it is impossible to identify a set of immune parameters that could reliably screen for immunotoxic potentials of chemicals. (v) Similarly, in fish immunotoxicology there is insufficient understanding of how and when chemical-induced modulations of molecular/cellular immune changes relate to adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence, although this would be crucial to include immunotoxicity in ecotoxicological risk assessment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892624
title: ACTwatch Outlet Survey Files: Cambodia 2015

description: ACTwatch Cambodia 2015 files This fileset contains the questionnaire, codebook, reference document and dataset (in Stata .dta format) for the Cambodia 2015 ACTwatch outlet survey. Started in 2008, ACTwatch was intended to fill evidence gaps related to malaria diagnostics, antimalarial medicines and fever case management in the private and public sectors. ACTwatch collected data to inform evidence-based malaria control policies and programmes. ACTwatch was a PSI research project in partnership with LSHTM. ACTwatch measured nationally representative surveys to all public and private health outlets within selected regions, across a total of 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the Greater Mekong Sub-region and multiple years. Outlet Surveys monitored trends in the availability, volumes, and prices of antimalarials in the public and private sectors, which included the informal sector. All outlet types with the potential to sell antimalarials were included, from hospitals to private pharmacies to street hawkers. The collection and processing of these data provided sound evidence for country-specific policy recommendations. The use of standardized indicators allowed for broad trends to be identified and global policy recommendations to be implemented into policy and action.A guidance document containing comprehensive information on the ACTwatch project, design, questionnaires and data can be found by clicking on the first reference link below.All potential data users are encouraged to review this document before analyzing any ACTwatch data.Note: version 2 of this record replaces the original files containing indirect identifying information in the outlet survey<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892606
title: Fruit length in a naturally-pollinated Yucca glauca population

description: <b>Description:</b><br>This dataset contains processed data for size of fruits from different positions on naturally-pollinated <i>Y. glauca</i> inflorescences, including indices of extent of pollination and oviposition by nursery pollinator <i>Tegeticula yuccasella</i>. Refer to manuscript for details of the study system, study site, and methods. <br><br><b>Format</b><br>The file is in .csv format. Each row contains data for a fruit.<br><br><b>Description of column headers<br>stalk</b> - ID of the inflorescence stalk in the patch. Same as <b>infl</b> in dataset for "Flower retention in a naturally-pollinated <i>Y. glauca</i> population"<br><b>fruits</b> - Number of fruits matured on the inflorescence <br><b>basaldia</b> - Basal diameter (mm) of rosette (an index of rosette size) measured below the lowest crown of green leaves.<br><b>buds</b> - The total number of buds/flowers on the inflorescence<br><b>fruitID</b> - ID of fruit. Same as position of flower (<b>fl</b>) that developed into fruit (<b>fr</b> = 1) in dataset for "Flower retention in a naturally-pollinated <i>Y. glauca</i> population"<br><b>uniqueID</b> - Combination of inflorescence or stalk ID (<b>stalk</b>) and <b>fruitID </b>to obtain a unique identity for each fruit in the dataset. The format is S followed by<b> </b>the ID in the <b>stalk</b> column and F followed by the ID in the <b>fruitID</b> column<br><b>length</b> - the length of the fruit (mm) from the base to the tip of the remnant size. Fruit length is an index of fruit size.<br><b>largest_dia</b> - The diameter of the fruit at the widest point (mm).<br><b>wt</b> - The mass of air-dried fruit (g).<br><b>tapering</b> - Whether the base of the fruit is tapered, indicating pollen limitation, or rounded (binary variable).<br><b>cons</b> - The number of locules with constrictions (out of 6 locules or compartments in the ovary). Damage to multiple ovules during ovipositions results in constrictions. Hence, they are an index of the level of ovipositions.<br><b>scaled</b> - The scaled position of flower from which fruit was developed. Calculated by dividing the flower position, here <b>fruitID</b> by the number of total buds/flowers in <b>buds</b>. A fruit from the topmost flower will have a position of 1.<br><b>frbelow</b> - The number of fruits basal to the focal fruit. <b>Yucca glauca</b> flower sequentially from bottom up. So, basal fruits were likely initiated before the focal fruit was initiated.<br><b>pos</b> - The position of flowers categorized into bottom third (B), middle third (M), and top third (T) flowers. Flowers with <b>scaled</b> positions less than 1/3 were classified as B, greater than 2/3 were classified as T, and the remaining middle flowers were classified as M.<br><b><br><br></b><br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892615.v1
title: 20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

description: Despite frequent field observations of impaired immune response and increased disease incidence in contaminant-exposed wildlife populations, immunotoxic effects are rarely considered in ecotoxicological risk assessment. The aim of this study was to review the literature on immunotoxic effects of chemicals in fish to quantitatively evaluate (i) which experimental approaches were used to assess immunotoxic effects, (ii) whether immune markers exist to screen for potential immunotoxic activities of chemicals, and (iii) how predictive those parameters are for adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence and disease resistance. A total of 241 publications on fish immunotoxicity were quantitatively analyzed. The main conclusions included: (i) To date, fish immunotoxicology focused mainly on innate immune responses and immunosuppressive effects. (ii) In numerous studies, the experimental conditions are poorly documented, as for instance age or sex of the fish or the rationale for the selected exposure conditions is often missing. (iii) Although a broad variety of parameters were used to assess immunotoxicity, the rationale for the choice of measured parameters was often not given, remaining unclear how they link to the suspected immunotoxic mode of action of the chemicals. (iv) At the current state of knowledge, it is impossible to identify a set of immune parameters that could reliably screen for immunotoxic potentials of chemicals. (v) Similarly, in fish immunotoxicology there is insufficient understanding of how and when chemical-induced modulations of molecular/cellular immune changes relate to adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence, although this would be crucial to include immunotoxicity in ecotoxicological risk assessment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892594
title: The neglected effects of Europeanization in the member states – policy-making in directly EU-influenced and sovereign domains

description: This article finds that the transformative power of deepening European integration on member states’ domestic policy-making processes is stronger than previously assumed. Moving beyond analysis of directly European Union-influenced domestic legislation, the article instead focuses on the indirect consequences that emerge from shifting policy competencies between levels of the European project. The main argument contends that as policy competencies move from the national to the European level, domestic policy-makers gain capacity to reallocate attention. The theoretical framework for this claim combines literature on Europeanization and agenda-setting theories to an argument of European integration’s influence on domestic policy-making processes. Empirical findings, examining 35 years of deepening European integration, suggest that patterns of policy-making for the sovereign and directly European Union-influenced domestic agenda shares assimilate as European integration progresses.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892606.v1
title: Fruit length in a naturally-pollinated Yucca glauca population

description: <b>Description:</b><br>This dataset contains processed data for size of fruits from different positions on naturally-pollinated <i>Y. glauca</i> inflorescences, including indices of extent of pollination and oviposition by nursery pollinator <i>Tegeticula yuccasella</i>. Refer to manuscript for details of the study system, study site, and methods. <br><br><b>Format</b><br>The file is in .csv format. Each row contains data for a fruit.<br><br><b>Description of column headers<br>stalk</b> - ID of the inflorescence stalk in the patch. Same as <b>infl</b> in dataset for "Flower retention in a naturally-pollinated <i>Y. glauca</i> population"<br><b>fruits</b> - Number of fruits matured on the inflorescence <br><b>basaldia</b> - Basal diameter (mm) of rosette (an index of rosette size) measured below the lowest crown of green leaves.<br><b>buds</b> - The total number of buds/flowers on the inflorescence<br><b>fruitID</b> - ID of fruit. Same as position of flower (<b>fl</b>) that developed into fruit (<b>fr</b> = 1) in dataset for "Flower retention in a naturally-pollinated <i>Y. glauca</i> population"<br><b>uniqueID</b> - Combination of inflorescence or stalk ID (<b>stalk</b>) and <b>fruitID </b>to obtain a unique identity for each fruit in the dataset. The format is S followed by<b> </b>the ID in the <b>stalk</b> column and F followed by the ID in the <b>fruitID</b> column<br><b>length</b> - the length of the fruit (mm) from the base to the tip of the remnant size. Fruit length is an index of fruit size.<br><b>largest_dia</b> - The diameter of the fruit at the widest point (mm).<br><b>wt</b> - The mass of air-dried fruit (g).<br><b>tapering</b> - Whether the base of the fruit is tapered, indicating pollen limitation, or rounded (binary variable).<br><b>cons</b> - The number of locules with constrictions (out of 6 locules or compartments in the ovary). Damage to multiple ovules during ovipositions results in constrictions. Hence, they are an index of the level of ovipositions.<br><b>scaled</b> - The scaled position of flower from which fruit was developed. Calculated by dividing the flower position, here <b>fruitID</b> by the number of total buds/flowers in <b>buds</b>. A fruit from the topmost flower will have a position of 1.<br><b>frbelow</b> - The number of fruits basal to the focal fruit. <b>Yucca glauca</b> flower sequentially from bottom up. So, basal fruits were likely initiated before the focal fruit was initiated.<br><b>pos</b> - The position of flowers categorized into bottom third (B), middle third (M), and top third (T) flowers. Flowers with <b>scaled</b> positions less than 1/3 were classified as B, greater than 2/3 were classified as T, and the remaining middle flowers were classified as M.<br><b><br><br></b><br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892588
title: Fractured politics? The comparative regulation of shale gas in Europe

description: European countries have developed strikingly different responses to shale gas and fracking. Some have imposed outright bans, while others have issued permits and even awarded generous tax breaks to the industry. To explain this puzzling variance, this article builds a theoretical framework that focuses on energy security, economic competitiveness, the party composition of government, public opinion, multilevel governance and democratic tradition. It then conducts a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of the regulation of shale gas in 16 European Union member countries. We find that the level of public concern is a sufficient condition for restrictive regulation. Other conditions only work in combination with others, while energy security and democratic tradition have no impact on the regulation of shale gas and fracking. The findings indicate that the uptake of shale gas is not simply a function of structural factors such as geology or population density, but rather the result of political factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892591
title: The other side of frontality: dorsality in European art cinema

description: Frontality is one of the most uniformly adopted principles of classical filmmaking. David Bordwell describes cinematic frontality as the positioning of actors’ faces and bodies in full, three-quarter, or profile view in relation to the camera—an approach to staging and composition inherited from the norms of traditional Western drama and painting. Bordwell explains that the convention of frontality is aimed at maximizing the expressivity and intelligibility of a film. Despite its dominance, however, several European filmmakers—including Agnès Varda, Michelangelo Antonioni, Belá Tarr, and the Dardenne brothers—often reject frontality and experiment with non-frontality, or what I refer to as dorsality. I argue that dorsality, as deployed by European art cinema practitioners, has three basic functions: (1) compositional defamiliarization, (2) denial of clear psychological/emotional access to characters, and (3) the exploration of what I will call “displaced point-of-view (POV)” alignment. These functions dovetail with European art cinema’s general tendencies to differentiate itself from classical cinema and to explore self-conscious style. To demonstrate and examine these three functions, I analyze scenes and shots from various European art films that utilize dorsality. The examples I have chosen come from several European countries and every decade from the 1950s to the 2000s.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892588.v1
title: Fractured politics? The comparative regulation of shale gas in Europe

description: European countries have developed strikingly different responses to shale gas and fracking. Some have imposed outright bans, while others have issued permits and even awarded generous tax breaks to the industry. To explain this puzzling variance, this article builds a theoretical framework that focuses on energy security, economic competitiveness, the party composition of government, public opinion, multilevel governance and democratic tradition. It then conducts a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of the regulation of shale gas in 16 European Union member countries. We find that the level of public concern is a sufficient condition for restrictive regulation. Other conditions only work in combination with others, while energy security and democratic tradition have no impact on the regulation of shale gas and fracking. The findings indicate that the uptake of shale gas is not simply a function of structural factors such as geology or population density, but rather the result of political factors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892591.v1
title: The other side of frontality: dorsality in European art cinema

description: Frontality is one of the most uniformly adopted principles of classical filmmaking. David Bordwell describes cinematic frontality as the positioning of actors’ faces and bodies in full, three-quarter, or profile view in relation to the camera—an approach to staging and composition inherited from the norms of traditional Western drama and painting. Bordwell explains that the convention of frontality is aimed at maximizing the expressivity and intelligibility of a film. Despite its dominance, however, several European filmmakers—including Agnès Varda, Michelangelo Antonioni, Belá Tarr, and the Dardenne brothers—often reject frontality and experiment with non-frontality, or what I refer to as dorsality. I argue that dorsality, as deployed by European art cinema practitioners, has three basic functions: (1) compositional defamiliarization, (2) denial of clear psychological/emotional access to characters, and (3) the exploration of what I will call “displaced point-of-view (POV)” alignment. These functions dovetail with European art cinema’s general tendencies to differentiate itself from classical cinema and to explore self-conscious style. To demonstrate and examine these three functions, I analyze scenes and shots from various European art films that utilize dorsality. The examples I have chosen come from several European countries and every decade from the 1950s to the 2000s.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4892594.v2
title: The neglected effects of Europeanization in the member states – policy-making in directly EU-influenced and sovereign domains

description: This article finds that the transformative power of deepening European integration on member states’ domestic policy-making processes is stronger than previously assumed. Moving beyond analysis of directly European Union-influenced domestic legislation, the article instead focuses on the indirect consequences that emerge from shifting policy competencies between levels of the European project. The main argument contends that as policy competencies move from the national to the European level, domestic policy-makers gain capacity to reallocate attention. The theoretical framework for this claim combines literature on Europeanization and agenda-setting theories to an argument of European integration’s influence on domestic policy-making processes. Empirical findings, examining 35 years of deepening European integration, suggest that patterns of policy-making for the sovereign and directly European Union-influenced domestic agenda shares assimilate as European integration progresses.