cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8404
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8404

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8407
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8407

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y7v2gp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3051 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON ((14.45346 53.38294, 14.63275 53.38294, 14.63275 53.49096, 14.45346 53.49096, 14.45346 53.38294))",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2013",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Aves",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen, Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3051 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009519-241024112534372/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8409
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8409

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8410
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8410

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8412
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8412

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8413
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8413

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27311163
title: Realized flower constancy in bumble bees: optimal foraging strategy balancing for cognitive and travel costs and its possible consequences for floral diversity

description: 1. Pollinating insects often exhibit flower constancy, i.e., the tendency to make consecutive visits to the same flower species while disregarding others. This behaviour is commonly attributed to the cost of retrieving visual or motor memories from long-term storage while switching between flowers with distinct colours and shapes. Accordingly, researchers often predict co-flowering species to exhibit significantly greater phenotypic diversity than random expectation, thereby minimizing heterospecific pollen transfer. However, field observations have not consistently supported this notion.<br>2. The observed inconsistencies may arise from variations in travel costs, which depend on the interaction between the forager's constancy level and the spatial mixing of plant species. If species are evenly mixed, constant pollinators incur higher levels of travel cost due to frequent skipping of neighbouring flowers. In contrast, if species are patchily distributed, constant pollinators experience lower levels of travel cost, as most neighbours are of the same species. Considering this, ‘realized flower constancy’ may be determined as an optimal strategy for balancing cognitive and travel costs, which dynamically vary across different degrees of spatial species mixing. Here we test this possibility in indoor experiments with bumble bees foraging from two differently coloured artificial flowers ('species') arranged at three mixing levels.<br>3. First, bees dramatically reduced flower constancy as species mixing increased, irrespective of flower spacing. Second, bees were less inclined to switch species after accumulating consecutive visits to one species, suggesting a rapid decay of another species’ information in short-term memory back to long-term storage. This effect may have additionally contributed to the increased flower constancy observed in species with patchy distributions. Third, bees showed minimal constancy for similarly coloured, evenly mixed flower species, suggesting that these flowers were operated with shared short-term memory. The constancy level was hardly affected by colour similarity when species were patchily distributed.<br>4. Results support our initial hypothesis that realized flower constancy reflects an optimal foraging strategy rather than a fixed outcome of cognitive limitation. Notably, bees' constancy increased significantly with greater colour difference only when species were evenly mixed, suggesting a novel perspective: spatial mixing promotes the evolution and maintenance of floral diversity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27311163.v4
title: Realized flower constancy in bumble bees: optimal foraging strategy balancing for cognitive and travel costs and its possible consequences for floral diversity

description: 1. Pollinating insects often exhibit flower constancy, i.e., the tendency to make consecutive visits to the same flower species while disregarding others. This behaviour is commonly attributed to the cost of retrieving visual or motor memories from long-term storage while switching between flowers with distinct colours and shapes. Accordingly, researchers often predict co-flowering species to exhibit significantly greater phenotypic diversity than random expectation, thereby minimizing heterospecific pollen transfer. However, field observations have not consistently supported this notion.<br>2. The observed inconsistencies may arise from variations in travel costs, which depend on the interaction between the forager's constancy level and the spatial mixing of plant species. If species are evenly mixed, constant pollinators incur higher levels of travel cost due to frequent skipping of neighbouring flowers. In contrast, if species are patchily distributed, constant pollinators experience lower levels of travel cost, as most neighbours are of the same species. Considering this, ‘realized flower constancy’ may be determined as an optimal strategy for balancing cognitive and travel costs, which dynamically vary across different degrees of spatial species mixing. Here we test this possibility in indoor experiments with bumble bees foraging from two differently coloured artificial flowers ('species') arranged at three mixing levels.<br>3. First, bees dramatically reduced flower constancy as species mixing increased, irrespective of flower spacing. Second, bees were less inclined to switch species after accumulating consecutive visits to one species, suggesting a rapid decay of another species’ information in short-term memory back to long-term storage. This effect may have additionally contributed to the increased flower constancy observed in species with patchy distributions. Third, bees showed minimal constancy for similarly coloured, evenly mixed flower species, suggesting that these flowers were operated with shared short-term memory. The constancy level was hardly affected by colour similarity when species were patchily distributed.<br>4. Results support our initial hypothesis that realized flower constancy reflects an optimal foraging strategy rather than a fixed outcome of cognitive limitation. Notably, bees' constancy increased significantly with greater colour difference only when species were evenly mixed, suggesting a novel perspective: spatial mixing promotes the evolution and maintenance of floral diversity.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8418
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8418

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27311163.v3
title: Realised flower constancy in bumble bees: optimal foraging strategy balancing for cognitive and travel costs and its possible consequences for floral diversity

description: 1. Pollinating insects often exhibit flower constancy, i.e., the tendency to make consecutive visits to the same flower species while disregarding others. This behaviour is commonly attributed to the cost of retrieving visual or motor memories from long-term storage while switching between flowers with distinct colours and shapes. Accordingly, researchers often predict co-flowering species to exhibit significantly greater phenotypic diversity than random expectation, thereby minimizing heterospecific pollen transfer. However, field observations have not consistently supported this notion.<br>2. The observed inconsistencies may arise from variations in travel costs, which depend on the interaction between the forager's constancy level and the spatial mixing of plant species. If species are evenly mixed, constant pollinators incur higher levels of travel cost due to frequent skipping of neighbouring flowers. In contrast, if species are patchily distributed, constant pollinators experience lower levels of travel cost, as most neighbours are of the same species. Considering this, ‘realized flower constancy’ may be determined as an optimal strategy for balancing cognitive and travel costs, which dynamically vary across different degrees of spatial species mixing. Here we test this possibility in indoor experiments with bumble bees foraging from two differently coloured artificial flowers ('species') arranged at three mixing levels.<br>3. First, bees dramatically reduced flower constancy as species mixing increased, irrespective of flower spacing. Second, bees were less inclined to switch species after accumulating consecutive visits to one species, suggesting a rapid decay of another species’ information in short-term memory back to long-term storage. This effect may have additionally contributed to the increased flower constancy observed in species with patchy distributions. Third, bees showed minimal constancy for similarly coloured, evenly mixed flower species, suggesting that these flowers were operated with shared short-term memory. The constancy level was hardly affected by colour similarity when species were patchily distributed.<br>4. Results support our initial hypothesis that realized flower constancy reflects an optimal foraging strategy rather than a fixed outcome of cognitive limitation. Notably, bees' constancy increased significantly with greater colour difference only when species were evenly mixed, suggesting a novel perspective: spatial mixing promotes the evolution and maintenance of floral diversity.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8419
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8419

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8420
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8420

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8421
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8421

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8425
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8425

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8426
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8426

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8427
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8427

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8428
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8428

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8429
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8429

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8430
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8430

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8431
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8431

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8432
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8432

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8437
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8437

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8442
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8442

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8448
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8448

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8449
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8449

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8450
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8450

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8456
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8456

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8457
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8457

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8462
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8462

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8475
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8475

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8480
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8480

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8481
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8481

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8484
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8484

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8486
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8486

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8487
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8487

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8491
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8491

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8492
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8492

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8494
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8494

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8496
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8496

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8501
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8501

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8507
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8507

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8508
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8508

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8509
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8509

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8515
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8515

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8518
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8518

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8519
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8519

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8521
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8521

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.5883/bold:aco8525
title: Overview of Barcode Index Number - BOLD:ACO8525

description: DNA barcode data hosted in the Data Portal of the Barcode of Life Data Systems. Records consist of specimen metadata, specimen images, and sequence data.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25506775
title: Realized flower constancy in bumble bees: optimal foraging strategy balancing cognitive and travel costs and its possible consequences for floral diversity

description: 1. Pollinating insects often exhibit flower constancy, i.e., the tendency to make consecutive visits to the same flower species while disregarding others. This behaviour is commonly attributed to the cost of retrieving visual or motor memories from long-term storage while switching between flowers with distinct colours and shapes. Accordingly, researchers often predict co-flowering species to exhibit significantly greater phenotypic diversity than random expectation, thereby minimizing heterospecific pollen transfer. However, field observations have not consistently supported this notion.
<br>
2. The observed inconsistencies may arise from variations in travel costs, which depend on the interaction between the forager's constancy level and the spatial mixing of plant species. If species are evenly mixed, constant pollinators incur higher levels of travel cost due to frequent skipping of neighbouring flowers. In contrast, if species are patchily distributed, constant pollinators experience lower levels of travel cost, as most neighbours are of the same species. Considering this, ‘realized flower constancy’ may be determined as an optimal strategy for balancing cognitive and travel costs, which dynamically vary across different degrees of spatial species mixing. Here we test this possibility in indoor experiments with bumble bees foraging from two differently coloured artificial flowers ('species') arranged at three mixing levels.
<br>
3. First, bees dramatically reduced flower constancy as species mixing increased, irrespective of flower spacing. Second, bees were less inclined to switch species after accumulating consecutive visits to one species, suggesting a rapid decay of another species’ information in short-term memory back to long-term storage. This effect may have additionally contributed to the increased flower constancy observed in species with patchy distributions. Third, bees showed minimal constancy for similarly coloured, evenly mixed flower species, suggesting that these flowers were operated with shared short-term memory. The constancy level was hardly affected by colour similarity when species were patchily distributed.
<br>
4. Results support our initial hypothesis that realized flower constancy reflects an optimal foraging strategy rather than a fixed outcome of cognitive limitation. Notably, bees' constancy increased significantly with greater colour difference only when species were evenly mixed, suggesting a novel perspective: spatial mixing promotes the evolution and maintenance of floral diversity.