cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279259
title: Bioactivity of essential oils and plant extracts on the control of diseases caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Solanaceae

description: ABSTRACT Essential oils (OE) and crude aqueous extracts (EBA) from apple-style-spanSyzygiumapple-style-spanapple-style-spanapple-style-span apple-style-spanaromaticumapple-style-span and apple-style-spanCymbopogonapple-style-spanapple-style-spanapple-style-span apple-style-spannardusapple-style-span and their major chemical components were investigated for in vitro and in vivo control of diseases caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena). In vitro experiments were conducted using the agar dilution method with different concentrations of OE (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ?L/mL) and EBA (1.0, 10.0, 20.0%) to evaluate their inhibitory potential on mycelial growth and zoospore germination. The obtained percent inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations were used to performed tests in fruits and seedlings under controlled conditions. The evaluated variables were mean lesion diameter on the surface of fruits and incidence and death of seedlings over six and 15 days of evaluation, respectively. The products that most inhibited mycelial growth and zoospore germination were obtained from S. aromaticum, at the concentrations of 0.5 ?L/mL and 10% OE and EBA, respectively. The treatments that most delayed the disease progress in fruits and seedlings, compared to control, were OE and EBA of C. naudus at 1.0 ?L/mL and 20%, respectively. Thus, products obtained from S. aromaticum and C. nardus have the potential to reduce the attack by this pathogen in tomato and eggplant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268434
title: Temporal and spatial characterization of Cercospora leaf spot of beet

description: ABSTRACT Beet cultivation has intensified due to in natura consumption and industrial processing of canned food. However, Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is the major disease compromising the crop productivity. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of the disease in Brazil; thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize the temporal and spatial progression of this disease under the cultivation conditions at the southern region of Brazil. Beet seeds of ‘Boro’ cultivar were sown in four blocks of 250 plants each. Initial disease incidence in the planting line was used for spatial analysis through the run and doublet tests, and data were analyzed based on the value (± 1.64) standardized according to Z-test at 5% probability. Subsequently, disease severity was estimated for 80 plants through a diagrammatic scale and for ten previously demarcated random plants, and data were adjusted to a nonlinear model throughout the crop cycle. The spatial pattern of the disease was over 99% at random for both tests. The disease progress curve was fitted to Gompertz model, represented by y = 0.122771 * (exp (12.830900 * exp (-0.35870 * x))). This study will serve as a model for future investigation related to the disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279259.v1
title: Bioactivity of essential oils and plant extracts on the control of diseases caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Solanaceae

description: ABSTRACT Essential oils (OE) and crude aqueous extracts (EBA) from apple-style-spanSyzygiumapple-style-spanapple-style-spanapple-style-span apple-style-spanaromaticumapple-style-span and apple-style-spanCymbopogonapple-style-spanapple-style-spanapple-style-span apple-style-spannardusapple-style-span and their major chemical components were investigated for in vitro and in vivo control of diseases caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena). In vitro experiments were conducted using the agar dilution method with different concentrations of OE (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ?L/mL) and EBA (1.0, 10.0, 20.0%) to evaluate their inhibitory potential on mycelial growth and zoospore germination. The obtained percent inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations were used to performed tests in fruits and seedlings under controlled conditions. The evaluated variables were mean lesion diameter on the surface of fruits and incidence and death of seedlings over six and 15 days of evaluation, respectively. The products that most inhibited mycelial growth and zoospore germination were obtained from S. aromaticum, at the concentrations of 0.5 ?L/mL and 10% OE and EBA, respectively. The treatments that most delayed the disease progress in fruits and seedlings, compared to control, were OE and EBA of C. naudus at 1.0 ?L/mL and 20%, respectively. Thus, products obtained from S. aromaticum and C. nardus have the potential to reduce the attack by this pathogen in tomato and eggplant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279264
title: Morphology and aggressiveness of isolates of Phytophthora palmivora from cacao trees in Bahia state

description: ABSTRACT Different Phytophthora species are responsible for causing one of the most important diseases of cacao, the black pod rot, and P. palmivora, well distributed worldwide, is the predominant species. Morphology and aggressiveness of 100 isolates of P. palmivora, collected from farms in 13 municipalities of the cacao growing region in Bahia State, were evaluated for three consecutive years. Leaf discs from the clones Scavina 6 (SCA-6), resistance standard, and SIC-23, susceptibility standard, were inoculated with suspensions of each of the isolates obtained from the Phytophthora Collection “Arnaldo Gomes Medeiros” of Cacao Research Center/CEPLAC, at the concentration of 3.0 x 105 zoospores/mL. A pathophysiological scale was used to evaluate the infection seven days after inoculation. Colony appearance and sporangium and chlamydospore production of each isolate were evaluated; the structures of 61 isolates were measured, and the type of compatibility of the 100 isolates was determined. Reaction of the two cacao clones to the isolates of P. palmivora had a great variation, demonstrating different degrees of aggressiveness among isolates. Such aggressiveness is not related to the site or the year of collection, since more and less aggressive isolates were obtained in the same municipalities and years of collection. There was also a variation in the morphology of colonies. Ellipsoid to ovoid sporangia had a mean size of 28.3 - 50.5 x 18 - 36.7 ?m, short pedicels (1.5 - 4.4 ?m) and length-width ratio ranging from 1.1 to 2.2. Globose, terminal or intercalary chlamydospores ranged from 18.4 - 43.5 µm in diameter. All 100 isolates were A2 compatible. The observed variability in the aggressiveness of P. palmivora isolates will have implications for the epidemiological studies and the selection of genotypes resistant to P. palmivora.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268434.v1
title: Temporal and spatial characterization of Cercospora leaf spot of beet

description: ABSTRACT Beet cultivation has intensified due to in natura consumption and industrial processing of canned food. However, Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is the major disease compromising the crop productivity. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of the disease in Brazil; thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize the temporal and spatial progression of this disease under the cultivation conditions at the southern region of Brazil. Beet seeds of ‘Boro’ cultivar were sown in four blocks of 250 plants each. Initial disease incidence in the planting line was used for spatial analysis through the run and doublet tests, and data were analyzed based on the value (± 1.64) standardized according to Z-test at 5% probability. Subsequently, disease severity was estimated for 80 plants through a diagrammatic scale and for ten previously demarcated random plants, and data were adjusted to a nonlinear model throughout the crop cycle. The spatial pattern of the disease was over 99% at random for both tests. The disease progress curve was fitted to Gompertz model, represented by y = 0.122771 * (exp (12.830900 * exp (-0.35870 * x))). This study will serve as a model for future investigation related to the disease.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279264.v1
title: Morphology and aggressiveness of isolates of Phytophthora palmivora from cacao trees in Bahia state

description: ABSTRACT Different Phytophthora species are responsible for causing one of the most important diseases of cacao, the black pod rot, and P. palmivora, well distributed worldwide, is the predominant species. Morphology and aggressiveness of 100 isolates of P. palmivora, collected from farms in 13 municipalities of the cacao growing region in Bahia State, were evaluated for three consecutive years. Leaf discs from the clones Scavina 6 (SCA-6), resistance standard, and SIC-23, susceptibility standard, were inoculated with suspensions of each of the isolates obtained from the Phytophthora Collection “Arnaldo Gomes Medeiros” of Cacao Research Center/CEPLAC, at the concentration of 3.0 x 105 zoospores/mL. A pathophysiological scale was used to evaluate the infection seven days after inoculation. Colony appearance and sporangium and chlamydospore production of each isolate were evaluated; the structures of 61 isolates were measured, and the type of compatibility of the 100 isolates was determined. Reaction of the two cacao clones to the isolates of P. palmivora had a great variation, demonstrating different degrees of aggressiveness among isolates. Such aggressiveness is not related to the site or the year of collection, since more and less aggressive isolates were obtained in the same municipalities and years of collection. There was also a variation in the morphology of colonies. Ellipsoid to ovoid sporangia had a mean size of 28.3 - 50.5 x 18 - 36.7 ?m, short pedicels (1.5 - 4.4 ?m) and length-width ratio ranging from 1.1 to 2.2. Globose, terminal or intercalary chlamydospores ranged from 18.4 - 43.5 µm in diameter. All 100 isolates were A2 compatible. The observed variability in the aggressiveness of P. palmivora isolates will have implications for the epidemiological studies and the selection of genotypes resistant to P. palmivora.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279269
title: Estimating optimum plot size with radiometer for experiments on soybeans treated with fungicide

description: ABSTRACT Spectral remote sensing and proximal sensors are important tools for managing the plant-pathogen relationship. The lack of experimental planning and the probability of error in agricultural studies may result in work repetition and, consequently, in financial expenses and costs with human resources. To reduce such problems, determining the optimum size of the experimental plot for treatments is one of the adopted methods. The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum plot size for reflectance in soybeans that were treated with different fungicide levels according to the methods of modified maximum curvature and maximum distance. Reflectance readings were carried out for the soybean crop with a radiometer GreenSeeker®, considering basic units of 0.45 m² in an area of ten rows, 10 m long, for each treatment. Treatments were applied to create a gradient of Asian soybean rust, varying the number of fungicide applications. Data were collected in two phenological stages (R5.5 and R6), obtaining 300 simulations of experimental area for each stage. Based on the results, the use of 5.40 m² plots with a group of three rows, 4 m long, is recommended.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279276
title: O ENSINO DA REPRODUÇÃO HUMANA, CONTROLE DA FERTILIDADE E DOS ASSUNTOS POPULACIONAIS NAS FACULDADES DE MEDICINA DOS ESTADOS DE SÃO PAULO E RIO OE JANEIRO

description: Abstract: This article analyse the teaching in the medical school of the following subjects: human reproduction, fertility regulation and population issues. Special attention is given to the teaching content, origin and alterations, and the departments engaged in the program. This work is based in a research made in 1982, studying 32 medical schools from the state of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. A comparative study is also performed with other researches in the area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279269.v1
title: Estimating optimum plot size with radiometer for experiments on soybeans treated with fungicide

description: ABSTRACT Spectral remote sensing and proximal sensors are important tools for managing the plant-pathogen relationship. The lack of experimental planning and the probability of error in agricultural studies may result in work repetition and, consequently, in financial expenses and costs with human resources. To reduce such problems, determining the optimum size of the experimental plot for treatments is one of the adopted methods. The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum plot size for reflectance in soybeans that were treated with different fungicide levels according to the methods of modified maximum curvature and maximum distance. Reflectance readings were carried out for the soybean crop with a radiometer GreenSeeker®, considering basic units of 0.45 m² in an area of ten rows, 10 m long, for each treatment. Treatments were applied to create a gradient of Asian soybean rust, varying the number of fungicide applications. Data were collected in two phenological stages (R5.5 and R6), obtaining 300 simulations of experimental area for each stage. Based on the results, the use of 5.40 m² plots with a group of three rows, 4 m long, is recommended.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279276.v1
title: O ENSINO DA REPRODUÇÃO HUMANA, CONTROLE DA FERTILIDADE E DOS ASSUNTOS POPULACIONAIS NAS FACULDADES DE MEDICINA DOS ESTADOS DE SÃO PAULO E RIO OE JANEIRO

description: Abstract: This article analyse the teaching in the medical school of the following subjects: human reproduction, fertility regulation and population issues. Special attention is given to the teaching content, origin and alterations, and the departments engaged in the program. This work is based in a research made in 1982, studying 32 medical schools from the state of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. A comparative study is also performed with other researches in the area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279279
title: INTERNATO EM CLÍNICA MÉDICA - O PRONTO ATENDIMENTO COMO ATIVIDADE

description: Summary: The authors analised the written reports of the internship students on duty on the first-aid clinic of the HUSM, from January 1984 to December 1985. The chapters of International Diseases Classification with the highest incidence were "Respiratory Tract Diseases" (2055 cases, 15,42%), "Sintomas, Signes and Ill-deffined Affections" (1951 cases, 14,64%), "Lesions and Poisonings" (1701 cases, 12,76%), "Circulatory Tract Diseases" (1247 cases, 9,36%). Acute respiratory infections (1120 cases, 8,40%), hypertension (508 cases, 4,35%) and non psicotic mental disturbances (522 cases, 3,92%) were the most frequent diseases. Each intern spent about 13,87h on duty per week. The greatest part of the consultations were not urgent, so many diagnosis were poorly defined. The authors analised these factors implying that the interns need a better orientation on emergency service medicine, as wel1 as that this service needs to adequate to the local reality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279281
title: Performance of prothioconazole solo or added to mancozeb in the control of Asian soybean rust

description: ABSTRACT The evolution of the reduction in Asian soybean rust (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi) control by site-specific fungicides has been reported season after season. In a field experiment, the effect of prothioconazole solo and added to multisite mancozeb was evaluated for rust control. Treatments were evaluated in a factorial design of four prothioconazole doses and three mancozeb doses. In a set of treatments, three applications were performed in one soybean cycle and four applications in another one. The first applications were performed at GS V8, 11 days before rust detection, with 2.56% leaflet incidence, while the other applications were at 12 to 14-day interval. Rust severity was quantified, control was calculated in relation to the unsprayed treatment, and soybean grain yield was estimated as kg/ha. Fifty-one to 61% control was obtained with three sprayings and 68% to 70% control with four sprayings of prothioconazole alone. Over 80% control was obtained with at least 0.3 L/ha prothioconazole + 2.0 kg/ha mancozeb, corresponding to 75 g a.i./ha prothioconazole + 1500 g a.i./ha mancozeb. Reduction in P. pachyrhizi control by the use of the site-specific fungicide alone was confirmed, while the addition of mancozeb can recover the efficacy of the site-specific fungicide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268428
title: APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMAS: EFEITOS NO APRENDIZADO

description: Summary: How to motivate the medical student in preclinical studies and to provide a meaningful and productive learning experience? The strategy of problem-based learning may be an answer to this questions. An experience with this strategy was developed in a program of inter-disciplinary integration at the University of Brasilia. Presentation of clinical problems, use of study guides for self-learning, and small group discussion of knowledge basis and reasoning in problem-solving, were blended in the program. An analysis of processes and outcomes, including problem-solving examinations and evaluation questionnaires was done with 421 respondents. The results point out the usefulness of the strategy, mostly regarding the development of students' capacity to apply knowledge and the extension of process skills. Course appraisal suggests an increasing educational quality, after the change to problem-based learning, regarding measures of meaningfulness and value, leaner's personal adaptation, and perception of learning efficacy, in comparison with other preclinical programs at the University.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14268428.v1
title: APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMAS: EFEITOS NO APRENDIZADO

description: Summary: How to motivate the medical student in preclinical studies and to provide a meaningful and productive learning experience? The strategy of problem-based learning may be an answer to this questions. An experience with this strategy was developed in a program of inter-disciplinary integration at the University of Brasilia. Presentation of clinical problems, use of study guides for self-learning, and small group discussion of knowledge basis and reasoning in problem-solving, were blended in the program. An analysis of processes and outcomes, including problem-solving examinations and evaluation questionnaires was done with 421 respondents. The results point out the usefulness of the strategy, mostly regarding the development of students' capacity to apply knowledge and the extension of process skills. Course appraisal suggests an increasing educational quality, after the change to problem-based learning, regarding measures of meaningfulness and value, leaner's personal adaptation, and perception of learning efficacy, in comparison with other preclinical programs at the University.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279279.v1
title: INTERNATO EM CLÍNICA MÉDICA - O PRONTO ATENDIMENTO COMO ATIVIDADE

description: Summary: The authors analised the written reports of the internship students on duty on the first-aid clinic of the HUSM, from January 1984 to December 1985. The chapters of International Diseases Classification with the highest incidence were "Respiratory Tract Diseases" (2055 cases, 15,42%), "Sintomas, Signes and Ill-deffined Affections" (1951 cases, 14,64%), "Lesions and Poisonings" (1701 cases, 12,76%), "Circulatory Tract Diseases" (1247 cases, 9,36%). Acute respiratory infections (1120 cases, 8,40%), hypertension (508 cases, 4,35%) and non psicotic mental disturbances (522 cases, 3,92%) were the most frequent diseases. Each intern spent about 13,87h on duty per week. The greatest part of the consultations were not urgent, so many diagnosis were poorly defined. The authors analised these factors implying that the interns need a better orientation on emergency service medicine, as wel1 as that this service needs to adequate to the local reality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279281.v1
title: Performance of prothioconazole solo or added to mancozeb in the control of Asian soybean rust

description: ABSTRACT The evolution of the reduction in Asian soybean rust (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi) control by site-specific fungicides has been reported season after season. In a field experiment, the effect of prothioconazole solo and added to multisite mancozeb was evaluated for rust control. Treatments were evaluated in a factorial design of four prothioconazole doses and three mancozeb doses. In a set of treatments, three applications were performed in one soybean cycle and four applications in another one. The first applications were performed at GS V8, 11 days before rust detection, with 2.56% leaflet incidence, while the other applications were at 12 to 14-day interval. Rust severity was quantified, control was calculated in relation to the unsprayed treatment, and soybean grain yield was estimated as kg/ha. Fifty-one to 61% control was obtained with three sprayings and 68% to 70% control with four sprayings of prothioconazole alone. Over 80% control was obtained with at least 0.3 L/ha prothioconazole + 2.0 kg/ha mancozeb, corresponding to 75 g a.i./ha prothioconazole + 1500 g a.i./ha mancozeb. Reduction in P. pachyrhizi control by the use of the site-specific fungicide alone was confirmed, while the addition of mancozeb can recover the efficacy of the site-specific fungicide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279287
title: O ENSINO DA ÉTICA MÉDICA, EM NÍVEL DE GRADUAÇÃO NAS FACULDADES DE MEDICINA DO BRASIL

description: Summary: The authors keeping in mind to know the teaching of Medical Ethics asked the teachers of the subjet about various aspects of the matter. They present the results and make comments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279293.v1
title: FISIATRIA: PROJETO INTEGRADO DE AVALIAÇÃO DO ENSINO MÉDICO

description: Abstract: This study assesses the discipline of Medical Rehabilitation for undergraduates as part of an ongoing evaluation project from the Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Questionnaires containing 19 skills considered basic in the area were applied to student at the 9th semester of the medical course, during the first half academic year of 1992 (n=52) and 1993 (n=52). Before the training period in the discipline, one questionnaire .form asked about their previous experience on the skills. After its termination, the other form inquired on the opportunities granted to the trainees to assist and to perform these same skills. The 19 skills were agregated into four main groups : physical examination, the management of patient with pain, motor/respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation. The results showed in the 92/1 group of study a low percentage of students who assisted or performed those skills. After this preliminary assessment a new approach was given to the discipline formulation and to the questionnaires forms. The 93/1 assessment showed significant difference between previous exposures to the skills and the experience gained during the training period This trend emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of the students training programme. It helps to better both the planning and the teaching activities.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279287.v1
title: O ENSINO DA ÉTICA MÉDICA, EM NÍVEL DE GRADUAÇÃO NAS FACULDADES DE MEDICINA DO BRASIL

description: Summary: The authors keeping in mind to know the teaching of Medical Ethics asked the teachers of the subjet about various aspects of the matter. They present the results and make comments.