cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28451450
title: Echoes from the Miocene: tracing the anatomy and phylogeny of <i>Prosqualodon australis</i> (Cetacea: Odontoceti)

description: Odontocetes compose the most ecologically and taxonomically diverse clade of marine mammals. All modern odontocetes are homodont, but the early history of this group (Oligocene–Early Miocene) was dominated by a variety of bizarre forms with archaic features. Among these archaic odontocetes was <i>Prosqualodon australis</i>, a medium-sized, brevirostrine species from the Early Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina). It was originally described based on a partial skull; however, extensive fieldwork in Early Miocene outcrops in Patagonia has yielded several new specimens, including skulls with well-preserved basicranium, ear bones and postcranium. Based on this broad new sample we provide an updated anatomical description and phylogenetic analysis of <i>P. australis</i> and discuss other referred specimens to the species. We also perform a taxonomic revision of the other two species of the genus, <i>P. davidis</i> (Australia) and ‘<i>P</i>.’ <i>hamiltoni</i> (New Zealand). Our studies confirmed the phylogenetic position of <i>P. australis</i> as an early-diverging (i.e. stem) odontocete and add diagnostic characters from the basicranium and periotic to the already known features that define <i>P. australis</i>: presence of a triangular-shaped parafalciform fossa, and a narrow and deep furrow that originates from the periotic fossa and is anteromedially blind, periotic with a promontorial groove associated with an anteroventral tubercle and well-developed dorsal crest. Most anatomical differences between <i>P. australis</i> and the holotype of <i>P. davidis</i> are interpreted as ontogenetic variation, suggesting that <i>P. davidis</i> is a junior synonym of <i>P. australis</i>, making it the first circumpolar odontocete species from the Southern Hemisphere. Conversely, the anatomical and phylogenetic differences between <i>P. australis</i> and ‘<i>P</i>.’ <i>hamiltoni</i> suggest that these taxa are not congeneric. The results of our work provide, for the first time, a thorough anatomical and systematic revision of the genus <i>Prosqualodon</i>, focusing on <i>P. australis</i>, based on one of the most outstanding fossil odontocete samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28451450.v1
title: Echoes from the Miocene: tracing the anatomy and phylogeny of <i>Prosqualodon australis</i> (Cetacea: Odontoceti)

description: Odontocetes compose the most ecologically and taxonomically diverse clade of marine mammals. All modern odontocetes are homodont, but the early history of this group (Oligocene–Early Miocene) was dominated by a variety of bizarre forms with archaic features. Among these archaic odontocetes was <i>Prosqualodon australis</i>, a medium-sized, brevirostrine species from the Early Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina). It was originally described based on a partial skull; however, extensive fieldwork in Early Miocene outcrops in Patagonia has yielded several new specimens, including skulls with well-preserved basicranium, ear bones and postcranium. Based on this broad new sample we provide an updated anatomical description and phylogenetic analysis of <i>P. australis</i> and discuss other referred specimens to the species. We also perform a taxonomic revision of the other two species of the genus, <i>P. davidis</i> (Australia) and ‘<i>P</i>.’ <i>hamiltoni</i> (New Zealand). Our studies confirmed the phylogenetic position of <i>P. australis</i> as an early-diverging (i.e. stem) odontocete and add diagnostic characters from the basicranium and periotic to the already known features that define <i>P. australis</i>: presence of a triangular-shaped parafalciform fossa, and a narrow and deep furrow that originates from the periotic fossa and is anteromedially blind, periotic with a promontorial groove associated with an anteroventral tubercle and well-developed dorsal crest. Most anatomical differences between <i>P. australis</i> and the holotype of <i>P. davidis</i> are interpreted as ontogenetic variation, suggesting that <i>P. davidis</i> is a junior synonym of <i>P. australis</i>, making it the first circumpolar odontocete species from the Southern Hemisphere. Conversely, the anatomical and phylogenetic differences between <i>P. australis</i> and ‘<i>P</i>.’ <i>hamiltoni</i> suggest that these taxa are not congeneric. The results of our work provide, for the first time, a thorough anatomical and systematic revision of the genus <i>Prosqualodon</i>, focusing on <i>P. australis</i>, based on one of the most outstanding fossil odontocete samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30147376.v1
title: The oldest diverse jellyfish fauna reinterpreted as sessile polypoid dinomischids (stem-group Ctenophora)

description: The Drumian (<i>c.</i> 500 myr) Marjum biota of Utah is the most diverse (<i>c.</i> 150 species) exceptionally preserved Cambrian fossil assemblage in the United States. Compared to other Burgess Shale-type biotas in the country, it is also notable for the prominence of pelagic organisms, including panarthropods, cambroernids, ctenophores and vertebrates. The Marjum strata have yielded the oldest diverse jellyfish assemblage (Cnidaria Medusozoa), with representatives of the classes Cubozoa, Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa. Though previously known from 10 specimens only, this remarkable fauna suggested early morphological diversification of medusozoans by the middle Cambrian. Prompted by the discovery of over 50 new specimens, our restudy of these putative early medusozoans reveals that their bodies were protected by a multi-element sclerotized integument and composed of three regions: (1) a variably shaped basal stalk; (2) a calyx forming the main body cavity and housing most internal organs; and (3) a terminal filter feeding apparatus of partially skeletonized tentacles (likely 18) surrounding a central cavity. Each tentacle bears two rows of transverse dark stains, from which possible remains of pinnules occasionally project. These features are diagnostic of dinomischids, an enigmatic clade of epibenthic, sessile organisms controversially linked to the origin of ctenophores. We describe three new dinomischid taxa – <i>Calathites macrocalyx</i> sp. nov., <i>Theiokylixia cartwrightae</i> gen. et sp. nov., and <i>Dinomischus nudus</i> sp. nov. – alongside a single specimen of a second, indeterminate <i>Dinomischus</i> species. Although likely transported before burial, the Marjum fossils frequently preserve, sometimes exquisitely, internal anatomical details. Their reinterpretation reduces the known diversity of Cambrian medusae but significantly expands the temporal and geographical range of dinomischids to the Drumian of NW Laurentia, while refining our understanding of their morphological and taphonomic variation. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CB9FB334-F901-4665-9476-BC733EEFD357
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/gmme7m
title: PDB: 5OCY, Crystal structure of ACPA E4 autoantibody in complex with CII-C-48-CIT peptide (310K, 37°C, 100 ns)

description: ACPA E4 autoantibody in complex with CII-C-48-CIT peptide (310K, 37°C, 100 ns). PDBs obtained every 50 ns.
DOI: 10.3535/nfa-ayy-jrc
title: Spilosoma lubricipeda (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28731018
title: <i>Helmetia expansa</i> Walcott, 1918 revisited – new insights into the internal anatomy, moulting and phylogeny of Conciliterga

description: The trilobitomorphs are a megadiverse and ecologically versatile group of Paleozoic euarthropods that include the iconic trilobites, as well as non-biomineralized clades exclusively known from <i>Konservat-Lagersttätten</i>. The concilitergans, defined by the presence of a broad, variably effaced and flattened dorsal exoskeleton, have received comparatively little attention. This is particularly true for <i>Helmetia expansa</i> from the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale (British Columbia) – the first chronologically reported species of Conciliterga, which was originally figured (based on a single specimen) by Walcott (1918). Here, we present the first comprehensive description of <i>H. expansa</i> based on all material available from the Burgess Shale, totalling 36 specimens housed at the Royal Ontario Museum and the Smithsonian Institution. The non-biomineralized dorsal exoskeleton is broad and flat, with a serrated margin throughout. The body consists of a cephalon with well-developed anterolateral spines, six thoracic tergites and a large pygidium bearing two pairs of lateral spines and a single terminal spine. The preserved appendages include short uniramous antennae followed by 15 pairs of homonomous and biramous limbs composed of a gracile endopodite and an exopodite with a broad lobe and thick lamellae. The digestive system consists of a straight gut tract, including a ‘J’-shaped foregut and five paired digestive glands on the anterior half of the body expressed as small and convex oblong structures with a submillimetric lamellar ultrastructure. Two specimens of <i>H. expansa</i> provide the first direct evidence of moulting in concilitergans. The lack of dorsal ecdysial sutures suggests a marginal moulting strategy similar to extant Xiphosura. A revised phylogeny of Trilobitomorpha supports <i>Arthroaspis bergstroemi</i> from the early Cambrian Sirius Passet of Greenland as the earliest branching concilitergan and prompts a new diagnosis for the clade. Our results inform the internal relationships within Conciliterga and formalize the families Helmetiidae (<i>Helmetia</i>, <i>Rhombicalvaria</i>, <i>Haifengella</i> and <i>Kuamaia</i>) and Tegopeltidae (<i>Tegopelte</i>, <i>Skioldia</i>, <i>Saperion</i>).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28731018.v1
title: <i>Helmetia expansa</i> Walcott, 1918 revisited – new insights into the internal anatomy, moulting and phylogeny of Conciliterga

description: The trilobitomorphs are a megadiverse and ecologically versatile group of Paleozoic euarthropods that include the iconic trilobites, as well as non-biomineralized clades exclusively known from <i>Konservat-Lagersttätten</i>. The concilitergans, defined by the presence of a broad, variably effaced and flattened dorsal exoskeleton, have received comparatively little attention. This is particularly true for <i>Helmetia expansa</i> from the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale (British Columbia) – the first chronologically reported species of Conciliterga, which was originally figured (based on a single specimen) by Walcott (1918). Here, we present the first comprehensive description of <i>H. expansa</i> based on all material available from the Burgess Shale, totalling 36 specimens housed at the Royal Ontario Museum and the Smithsonian Institution. The non-biomineralized dorsal exoskeleton is broad and flat, with a serrated margin throughout. The body consists of a cephalon with well-developed anterolateral spines, six thoracic tergites and a large pygidium bearing two pairs of lateral spines and a single terminal spine. The preserved appendages include short uniramous antennae followed by 15 pairs of homonomous and biramous limbs composed of a gracile endopodite and an exopodite with a broad lobe and thick lamellae. The digestive system consists of a straight gut tract, including a ‘J’-shaped foregut and five paired digestive glands on the anterior half of the body expressed as small and convex oblong structures with a submillimetric lamellar ultrastructure. Two specimens of <i>H. expansa</i> provide the first direct evidence of moulting in concilitergans. The lack of dorsal ecdysial sutures suggests a marginal moulting strategy similar to extant Xiphosura. A revised phylogeny of Trilobitomorpha supports <i>Arthroaspis bergstroemi</i> from the early Cambrian Sirius Passet of Greenland as the earliest branching concilitergan and prompts a new diagnosis for the clade. Our results inform the internal relationships within Conciliterga and formalize the families Helmetiidae (<i>Helmetia</i>, <i>Rhombicalvaria</i>, <i>Haifengella</i> and <i>Kuamaia</i>) and Tegopeltidae (<i>Tegopelte</i>, <i>Skioldia</i>, <i>Saperion</i>).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30541081
title: Enter the dragons: the phylogeny of Azhdarchoidea (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) and the evolution of giant size in pterosaurs

description: Azhdarchidae is a clade of pterosaurs which includes the largest-ever flying animals. The evolutionary history of this clade and its closest relatives remains incompletely understood and highly debated. To investigate this, we combined multiple preexisting datasets with 29 new operational taxonomic units and 57 new characters, resulting in the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of pterosaurs published to date, with a focus on Azhdarchomorpha. Higher level phylogenetic taxonomy of Azhdarchomorpha is revised based on the results of this analysis, and three new clade names are established: Shenzhoupterinae (cl. nov.) for the subgroup of Chaoyangopteridae containing <i>Shenzhoupterus</i> that is sister to the existing Chaoyangopterinae; Concilazhia (cl. nov.) for the clade uniting Chaoyangopteridae and Azhdarchiformes; and Serpennata (cl. nov.) for the clade with highly elongated cervical series that includes the giant (∼10 m wingspan) <i>Quetzalcoatlus</i> and <i>Arambougiania</i>. The iconic genus <i>Quetzalcoatlus</i> is recovered as polyphyletic, with its giant and moderately large species belonging to separate clades within Serpennata. Gigantism evolved convergently at least four times in quetzalcoatline azhdarchids: in <i>Cryodrakon</i>, once in a clade containing <i>Hatzegopteryx</i> and its closest relatives, and twice independently in different lineages of Serpennata.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30541081.v1
title: Enter the dragons: the phylogeny of Azhdarchoidea (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) and the evolution of giant size in pterosaurs

description: Azhdarchidae is a clade of pterosaurs which includes the largest-ever flying animals. The evolutionary history of this clade and its closest relatives remains incompletely understood and highly debated. To investigate this, we combined multiple preexisting datasets with 29 new operational taxonomic units and 57 new characters, resulting in the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of pterosaurs published to date, with a focus on Azhdarchomorpha. Higher level phylogenetic taxonomy of Azhdarchomorpha is revised based on the results of this analysis, and three new clade names are established: Shenzhoupterinae (cl. nov.) for the subgroup of Chaoyangopteridae containing <i>Shenzhoupterus</i> that is sister to the existing Chaoyangopterinae; Concilazhia (cl. nov.) for the clade uniting Chaoyangopteridae and Azhdarchiformes; and Serpennata (cl. nov.) for the clade with highly elongated cervical series that includes the giant (∼10 m wingspan) <i>Quetzalcoatlus</i> and <i>Arambougiania</i>. The iconic genus <i>Quetzalcoatlus</i> is recovered as polyphyletic, with its giant and moderately large species belonging to separate clades within Serpennata. Gigantism evolved convergently at least four times in quetzalcoatline azhdarchids: in <i>Cryodrakon</i>, once in a clade containing <i>Hatzegopteryx</i> and its closest relatives, and twice independently in different lineages of Serpennata.
DOI: 10.18710/wpdofp/fv6n9a
title: setesdalBgc_bio.csv

description: Plant biomass data
DOI: 10.3535/cx6-f6w-mfj
title: Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1761)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/zk9-41v-2p0
title: Ochlodes Scudder, 1872

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30165006
title: New early ruminants (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the Oligocene of Nei Mongol (China), with remarks on their phylogenetic relationship

description: Ruminants were widely distributed throughout Eurasia and North America from the Eocene to the Oligocene. However, their systematics and early evolution remain obscure. Here, we describe new ruminant specimens collected from late Early Oligocene strata in Nei Mongol, China, identified as <i>Paragelocus</i> cf. <i>scotti</i> and new species of <i>Praetragulus</i> and <i>Gobiomeryx</i>. The two new species are the last representatives of their respective genera. We ran a cladistic analysis based on 52 dental and postcranial characters of 30 species. <i>Praetragulus</i> is found to be closely related to the North American ruminants <i>Leptomeryx</i> and <i>Hypertragulus. Paragelocus</i>, characterized by a distinct longitudinal lingual cristid on p4, is recovered as a sister taxon to <i>Pseudomeryx</i>, forming a monophyletic group with <i>Gobiomeryx</i> and <i>Pseudogelocus</i>. Including the additional <i>Lophiomeryx</i> fossils recently reported, the Saint Jacques–Qianlishan area has now yielded four genera (seven species) of stem ruminants representing three lineages, suggesting a flourishing and complex evolutionary history of early ruminants in Asia during the Oligocene. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6409D5F3-BA93-4BE6-8100-70C575C9FC14
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30165006.v1
title: New early ruminants (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the Oligocene of Nei Mongol (China), with remarks on their phylogenetic relationship

description: Ruminants were widely distributed throughout Eurasia and North America from the Eocene to the Oligocene. However, their systematics and early evolution remain obscure. Here, we describe new ruminant specimens collected from late Early Oligocene strata in Nei Mongol, China, identified as <i>Paragelocus</i> cf. <i>scotti</i> and new species of <i>Praetragulus</i> and <i>Gobiomeryx</i>. The two new species are the last representatives of their respective genera. We ran a cladistic analysis based on 52 dental and postcranial characters of 30 species. <i>Praetragulus</i> is found to be closely related to the North American ruminants <i>Leptomeryx</i> and <i>Hypertragulus. Paragelocus</i>, characterized by a distinct longitudinal lingual cristid on p4, is recovered as a sister taxon to <i>Pseudomeryx</i>, forming a monophyletic group with <i>Gobiomeryx</i> and <i>Pseudogelocus</i>. Including the additional <i>Lophiomeryx</i> fossils recently reported, the Saint Jacques–Qianlishan area has now yielded four genera (seven species) of stem ruminants representing three lineages, suggesting a flourishing and complex evolutionary history of early ruminants in Asia during the Oligocene. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6409D5F3-BA93-4BE6-8100-70C575C9FC14
DOI: 10.18710/wpdofp/p2jmhv
title: setesdalBgc_soilmegafile_MetaData.csv

description: Metadata for soil biogeochemistry data
DOI: 10.3535/748-02x-5vs
title: Patania Moore, 1888

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/dks-3ey-2g5
title: Cupido Schrank, 1801

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29371646
title: Articulated specimens provide new insights into the iconic Mesozoic shark genus <i>Sphenodus</i>

description: The fossil record of sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) consists predominantly of isolated teeth, complicating their taxonomic and phylogenetic inferences. Consequently, the study of holomorphic specimens provides crucial information to reassess existing phylogenetic and taxonomic interpretations. The extinct Mesozoic shark genus †<i>Sphenodus</i> exemplifies these challenges. Initially classified based on dental traits, the genus has undergone multiple revisions, reflecting its taxonomic instability. However, the presence of skeletal remains assigned to †‘<i>Sphenodus</i>’ <i>macer</i> and †‘<i>S.</i>’ <i>nitidus</i> provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the phylogenetic and taxonomic relations of this genus. In this study, we critically reviewed the systematics and taxonomic relationships of †<i>Sphenodus</i>, through an exhaustive literature review and comparison with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Our analysis of skeletal characters suggests the synonymy of †<i>S. macer</i> and †<i>S. nitidus</i> and supports previous Hexanchiformes classifications for the genus, placing it in a close relation to †<i>Notidanoides</i> forming a clade in sister relation to Hexanchidae. However, the teeth originally used to define †<i>Sphenodus</i> lack diagnostic traits for taxonomic identification, rendering†‘<i>Sphenodus</i>’ a <i>nomen dubium</i>. Consequently, we introduce a new name, †<i>Archaeogracilidens</i>, to include the species based on skeletal material and that present teeth with a well-preserved root and a crown, establishing a more stable systematic framework for this group. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E5A00710-4E06-4B46-AEE1-77C2628954AB
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29371646.v1
title: Articulated specimens provide new insights into the iconic Mesozoic shark genus <i>Sphenodus</i>

description: The fossil record of sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) consists predominantly of isolated teeth, complicating their taxonomic and phylogenetic inferences. Consequently, the study of holomorphic specimens provides crucial information to reassess existing phylogenetic and taxonomic interpretations. The extinct Mesozoic shark genus †<i>Sphenodus</i> exemplifies these challenges. Initially classified based on dental traits, the genus has undergone multiple revisions, reflecting its taxonomic instability. However, the presence of skeletal remains assigned to †‘<i>Sphenodus</i>’ <i>macer</i> and †‘<i>S.</i>’ <i>nitidus</i> provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the phylogenetic and taxonomic relations of this genus. In this study, we critically reviewed the systematics and taxonomic relationships of †<i>Sphenodus</i>, through an exhaustive literature review and comparison with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Our analysis of skeletal characters suggests the synonymy of †<i>S. macer</i> and †<i>S. nitidus</i> and supports previous Hexanchiformes classifications for the genus, placing it in a close relation to †<i>Notidanoides</i> forming a clade in sister relation to Hexanchidae. However, the teeth originally used to define †<i>Sphenodus</i> lack diagnostic traits for taxonomic identification, rendering†‘<i>Sphenodus</i>’ a <i>nomen dubium</i>. Consequently, we introduce a new name, †<i>Archaeogracilidens</i>, to include the species based on skeletal material and that present teeth with a well-preserved root and a crown, establishing a more stable systematic framework for this group. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E5A00710-4E06-4B46-AEE1-77C2628954AB
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/xok4qn
title: PDB: 6FXN, BAFF in complex with belimumab (311K, 38°C, 100 ns)

description: 6FXN, BAFF in complex with belimumab (311K, 38°C, 100 ns). PDBs obtained every 50 ns.
DOI: 10.18710/wpdofp/pwosg8
title: setesdalBgc_icp_leaves_MetaData.csv

description: Metadata for plant leaf elemental concentration data
DOI: 10.3535/6w3-1lr-rtf
title: Catoptria margaritellus [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.
DOI: 10.3535/yhp-rb0-x0h
title: Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Finnish Museum of Natural History.