DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5dh
title: Data from: Ecological speciation in Darwin’s finches: Ghosts of finches future

description: The theory of ecological speciation posits that adaptive divergence among
 incipient species raises incidental barriers to reproduction, thus
 catalyzing the emergence of new species. Here we conduct an experimental
 test of this theory in Galápagos finches, a clade in which beaks and
 mating songs are mechanistically linked. We forecast the acoustic
 structure of songs for a set of possible evolutionary futures (successive
 droughts spurring increasingly large beaks) and, in a field assay,
 presented resulting song simulations to territorial males. We find that
 responses to song dropped off after 6 simulated drought events, to degrees
 roughly comparable to drops in response to song divergence caused by
 cultural drift and acoustic adaptation. Our results support, in Darwin’s
 finches, the feasibility and mechanistic bases of an ecological speciation
 hypothesis.
description: Behavioral responses of male <em>Geospiza
 fortis </em>to song playbacks across 4 treatments, and comparing
 birds' responses to control and probe treatements across 3
 studies.
description: # Ecological speciation in Darwin’s finches: Ghosts of finches future
 Playback datasets Two files: * playbackdata.csv * comparisondata.csv ##
 Description of the data and file structure **playbackdata.csv**. Data from
 the current study (Figure 3). Responses to playback of each bird to each
 drought treatment where rows correspond to individual playback trials.
 File: Label of audio file of trial narration and subject vocalizations.
 Trial: Order position (1-4) of that trial for the given focal bird.
 BirdID: Identification code for the focal bird. Stimulus: ID of the
 original natural song stimulus recorded from another male of the same
 morph and population as the focal bird. Each song was modified from this
 original version to simulate the four different drought treatments
 indicated in the next column. DroughtTreatment: The number of simulated
 drought events used to digitally modify the natural song stimulus; control
 or 0-drought events, 1-drought event, 3-drought events, 6-drought events.
 mindist: Minimum perched proximity (m) of the focal bird to the speaker
 during the 3-minute playback period. NoSongs: The number of songs of the
 focal bird during the 3-minute playback period. NoFlights: The number of
 flights of the focal bird during the 3-minute playback period.
 Latency.firstsong: Latency (s) of the focal bird to sing after the start
 of the first playback song. NAs indicate trials where the focal bird never
 sang. Latency.firstflight: Latency (s) of the focal bird to fly off the
 starting perch after the start of the first playback song. NAs indicate
 trials where the focal bird never flew. mindist.overflight: Minimum
 proximity (m) of the focal bird to the speaker during the 3-minute
 playback period in meters including overflights. NAs indicate trials where
 the focal bird’s closet approach was a perched location rather than an
 overflight. NA: Indicates not applicable. Song or flight latencies are not
 applicable for trials in which birds did not fly or sing. Where birds did
 not engage in overflights (NA), minimum distances in our analyses were
 coded with respect to minimum perched locations. **comparisondata.csv**.
 Finch responses to playback 4 different control vs probe song comparisons
 (Figure 4, Fig. S2) from 3 studies (current study, *35*, *44*). Data is in
 long format with each row representing a single trial for an individual
 bird. Study: Indicates study (current study, *35*, *44*). Metric: Six
 response metrics as defined for Data S1. playbackdata.csv, except for
 flight rate and song rate which here are coded as the number of flights or
 songs divided by 3 minutes. BirdID: Identification code for the focal
 bird. Equivalent numbers across studies do not indicate the same
 individual. local_same_0: Value of the response metric for control
 treatments (local, random morph songs for study *35*, local, same morph
 songs for the remaining studies) foreign_other_6: Value of the response
 metric for probe trials (foreign, random morph songs for *44*, same
 location/ different morph or different location/ same morph for *35*, and
 6 drought treatments for the current study). ## Sharing/Access information
 Methods for data collection described in manuscript ## Code/Software R
 scripts used for all statistical analyses have been uploaded