cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3jn4gs8
title: Data from: Delimitation of the new tribe Parartocarpeae (Moraceae) is supported by a 333- gene phylogeny and resolves tribal level Moraceae taxonomy

description: Here we describe the new tribe, Parartocarpeae, within the Moraceae
 (mulberry family). The tribe comprises two small Malesian genera,
 Parartocarpus and Hullettia, and brings the total number of Moraceae
 tribes to seven. Evidence for this new designation comes from a phylogeny
 based on 333 nuclear genes sequenced using target enrichment via
 hybridization (hybseq). Morphological characters that set Parartocarpeae
 apart from other Moraceae tribes include the combination of the following
 characters: lateral nonamplexicaul stipules, spirally arranged leaves
 without annulate stipule scars, the presence of a single layer of
 involucral inflorescence bracts, and the lack of perianth tissue, wherein
 flowers are embedded in cavities of the receptacle. With the designation
 of Parartocarpeae, the tribe-level circumscription of Moraceae is now
 well-supported by phylogenetic methods. Because the phylogenetic markers
 employed here work well throughout Moraceae, they can facilitate much
 needed work at the genus level in the family.
description: Alignments and
 treesThis file contains: (1)
 unaligned sequences, (2) trimmed gene alignments, (3) supermatrix
 alignments, (4) gene trees, (5) ASTRAL species trees, and (6) supermatrix
 trees.zerega_gardner_parartocarpeae.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gv5k2j3
title: Data from: S-cone photoreceptors in the primate retina are functionally distinct from L and M cones

description: Daylight vision starts with signals in three classes of cone
 photoreceptors sensitive to short (S), middle (M), and long (L)
 wavelengths. Psychophysical studies show that perceptual sensitivity to
 rapidly varying inputs differs for signals originating in S cones versus L
 and M cones; notably, S-cone signals appear perceptually delayed relative
 to L- and M-cone signals. These differences could originate in the cones
 themselves or in the post-cone circuitry. To determine if the cones could
 contribute to these and related perceptual phenomena, we compared the
 light responses of primate S, M, and L cones. We found that S cones
 generate slower light responses than L and M cones, show much smaller
 changes in response kinetics as background-light levels increase, and are
 noisier than L and M cones. It will be important to incorporate these
 differences into descriptions of how cone signaling shapes human visual
 perception.
description: Source
 dataThis folder has four
 matlab .mat files. This should contain raw data for Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,
 7. It isn't all data for all the figures, but there is example data
 for those. flash_responses.mat has data from all of Fig 1 and parts of
 Figs. 2 and 5; sbc_examples.mat has data for figure 6; cellular_noise.mat
 has data for figure 7; cone_linear_filters.mat has data from figure 4.
 Readme file is in the folder.Data for
 Upload.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1qb07gs
title: Data from: Night reveals individuality in a shoaling fish

description: Many animals rely heavily on visual cues from their environment, and
 therefore show circadian rhythmicity in their behavioral activities. In
 group-living animals, individuals’ activity rhythms must be synchronized
 not only with diel light-dark cycle but also with other group members.
 Increasing evidence has recently shown that circadian behaviors of animals
 are consistent within individuals and different between individuals, but
 the sources and consistency of diel activity variation in social context
 are less known. Using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, we
 recorded individual moving activity of the Eurasian perch (Perca
 fluviatilis) in randomly formed groups through 10 full diel cycles in
 seminatural environment. We found diel changes in trait variability and
 repeatability estimates both within and between the groups: individual
 differences in activity were more repeatable in nighttime whereas group
 differences were more repeatable in daytime. The results suggest that
 collective group behavior in daylight obscures the expression of
 individuality, whereas the weak group effects in nighttime reveals a
 substantially wider continuum of individually consistent activity types.
 Our findings imply that 1) studying activity variation only on diurnal
 basis may underestimate the total activity variation among social
 individuals and may thus bias the repeatability estimates, and 2)
 accounting for diel variation in social effects may be essential for
 detecting ecologically realistic behavioral variation within and between
 animal groups. To conclude, this study highlights the complex interactions
 between circadian activity rhythms, individual behavioral differences, and
 group dynamics, and thereby provides new insights for understanding
 overall behavioral diversity in social animals.
description: Perch_activityThis package contains the files required to reproduce the analyses reported in the article.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1vn2339
title: Data from: Climate warming and plant biomechanical defences: silicon addition contributes to herbivore suppression in a pasture grass

description: 1. Plants, notably the Poacae, often accumulate large amounts of silicon
 (Si) from the soil. Si has multiple functional roles, particularly for
 alleviating abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g. defence against herbivores).
 Recent evidence suggests that environmental change, including temperature
 changes, can diminish Si accumulation which could affect functions such as
 herbivore defence. 2. Using a field warming experiment, we grew a pasture
 grass (Phalaris aquatica) that was either supplemented or untreated with
 Si (+Si and -Si, respectively) under ambient and elevated (+2.8ºC above
 ambient) air temperatures. We quantified soil water, plant growth rates,
 Si accumulation, leaf biomechanical properties and in situ relative growth
 rates of a herbivorous global insect pest (Helicoverpa armigera). 3. Si
 supplementation promoted shoot and root biomass by c. 48% and 61%,
 respectively under ambient temperatures, but these gains were not apparent
 under warmed conditions. 4. Warmer temperatures reduced Si uptake by -Si
 plants by c. 17%, potentially due to the lower levels of soil water
 content in warmed plots. Si supplementation, however, increased Si
 accumulation in leaves by c. 24% in warmed plots restoring Si levels to
 those seen under ambient temperatures. 5. Si supplementation enhanced
 biomechanical properties in the leaves, but this was only statistically
 significant under ambient temperatures; leaves of +Si plants required 42%
 more force to fracture and were 30% tougher at the midrib than leaves of
 -Si plants. The relative growth rates of H. armigera declined by 56% when
 feeding on +Si plants under ambient temperatures and while Si
 supplementation caused a trend towards declining herbivore growth rates
 under warmer conditions, this was not statistically significant. 6. We
 conclude that climate warming may mitigate the beneficial effects of Si on
 Phalaris aquatica in the short term, potentially by reducing Si uptake.
 While Si uptake can be restored with Si supplementation, Si-enhanced
 biomechanical defences against a global pest may not be fully restored
 under warmer temperatures.
description: Dataset for Johnson et
 al.Dataset for the paper
 'Climate warming and plant biomechanical defences: silicon addition
 contributes to herbivore suppression in a pasture
 grass'FE2018-00765_Dataset_DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.82432/10317/21164
title: Pedestrian mobility papers [Dataset]

description: The dataset comprises two files: File DOIS: A database extracted and refined from the results of the search strategy defined in the associated paper and conducted in the Web of Science. File KEYWORDS: Contains the keywords corresponding to the papers included in the file DOIS.
description: The dataset includes the academic papers reviewed and the corresponding keywords extracted from each paper, which were used in the bibliometric analysis and literature review of a research study on pedestrians in urban design.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.438fv47
title: Data from: Pollen analogues are transported across greater distances in bee-pollinated than in hummingbird-pollinated species of Justicia (Acanthaceae)

description: Several hummingbird-pollinated plant lineages have been demonstrated to
 show increased rates of diversification compared to related
 insect-pollinated lineages. It has been argued that this pattern is
 produced by a higher degree of specialization on part of both hummingbirds
 and plants. We here test an alternative hypothesis: The often highly
 territorial hummingbirds may on average carry pollen over shorter
 distances than other pollinators and drive diversification by reducing
 gene flow distances. We present experimental data from pollen analogue
 tracking showing shorter dispersal distances in hummingbird- than in
 bee-pollinated species among ten neotropical species of Justicia
 (Acanthaceae).
description: Observations of powder
 dye carryover in flowers of Bolivian Justicia
 (Acanthaceae)Observation data of
 stigmata carrying fluorescent powder dye one day after application of dye
 to anthers of five flowers of a focus plant, in 2 m distance classes from
 the focus plant (ten replicates). Asterisks indicate hummingbird
 pollinated species, their absence indicates bee pollinated
 species.data_SchmidtLebuhn_etal_Justicia_powder_dye.tsvObserved flower visitors to ten Bolivian species of Justicia (Acanthaceae)Pollinator observations in ten species of Bolivian Justicia to establish pollination syndromes. Visitors were registered for one visit whenever they entered the observed area and visited the first flower, and not counted again while they stayed on the patch, regardless of the number of flowers visited. As hummingbirds avoid approaching human observers too closely but visited flowers at ca. 2 m distance from the observers, a hummingbird visit was scored for every time the bird foraged in the perimeter of the patch. Visitor behaviour was classified as “using the flowers as intended”, i.e. entering the corolla orifice to probe for nectar, “pollen thief”, i.e. emptying the anthers without touching the stigma, or “nectar thief”, i.e. piercing the corolla base or using holes made by other such thieves. In the first case, it was noted whether the visitor would actually touch the reproductive organs, in which case they were considered a pollinator. If a pollinator showed two different types of behaviour, both were recorded and the predominant behaviour was noted as such, but no percentages were recorded.data_SchmidtLebuhn_etal_Justicia_flower_visitors.tsv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pn3623b
title: Data from: Dynamic multi-species occupancy models reveal individualistic habitat preferences in a high-altitude grassland bird community

description: Moist, high-altitude grasslands of eastern South African harbour rich
 avian diversity and endemism. This area is also threatened by increasingly
 intensive agriculture and land conversion for energy production. This
 conflict is particularly evident at Ingula, an Important Bird and
 Biodiversity Area located within the least conserved high-altitude
 grasslands and which is also the site of a new Pumped Storage Scheme. The
 new management seeks to maximise biodiversity through manipulation of the
 key habitat variables: grass height and grass cover through burning and
 grazing to make habitat suitable for birds. However, different species
 have individual habitat preferences, which further vary through the
 season. We used a dynamic multi-species occupancy model to examine the
 seasonal occupancy dynamics of 12 common grassland bird species and their
 habitat preferences. We estimated monthly occupancy, colonisation and
 persistence in relation to grass height and grass cover throughout the
 summer breeding season of 2011/12. For majority of these species, at the
 beginning of the season occupancy increased with increasing grass height
 and decreased with increasing grass cover. Persistence and colonisation
 decreased with increasing grass height and cover. However, the 12 species
 varied considerably in their responses to grass height and cover. Our
 results suggest that management should aim to provide plots which vary in
 grass height and cover to maximise bird diversity. We also conclude that
 the decreasing occupancy with increasing grass cover and low colonisation
 with increasing grass height and cover is a results of little grazing on
 our study site. We further conclude some of the 12 selected species are
 good indicators of habitat suitability more generally because they
 represent a range of habitat needs and are relatively easy to monitor.
description: Birds_veg_plot data
 seasons all rvsnGrassland birds recorded
 across the 19 plots in 2010-12 across all seasons and vegetation for
 summers onlyStudy plots vegetation
 Summers 2010-12
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s325n4d
title: Data from: No immediate or future extra costs of raising a virulent brood parasite chick

description: Parental care is an adaptive behaviour increasing the survival of young.
 Virulent brood parasites, like the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, avoid
 the parental care and leave the care for their nestlings to hosts.
 Although raising a cuckoo is always costly because it kills host’s
 progeny, to date it is not known whether raising of a brood parasite
 itself represents an extra cost affecting host’s fitness. We quantified
 costs of rearing a cuckoo nestling in the most frequent host, the reed
 warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus. We measured changes in the host physical
 (body mass) and physiological conditions (stress levels quantified via
 heterophils/lymphocytes ratio) within the one breeding attempt (immediate
 cost) and re-trapped some of these adults in the next breeding season to
 estimate return rates as a measure of their survival (future cost). In
 contrast to universal claims in the literature, raising a cuckoo nestling
 did not entail any extra immediate or future costs for hosts. This
 counterintuitive result reconciles theoretical expectations in the hosts
 with surprisingly low levels of counter-defences, including the reed
 warbler. Unexpectedly low costs of parasitism may also explain a long-term
 maintenance of some host-parasite systems.
description: Samas_et_al_Behav_Ecol_2019_data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t6r3mq1
title: Data from: Personality and gonadal development as sources of individual variation in response to GnRH challenge in female great tits

description: Seasonal timing of reproduction is a key life-history trait, but we know
 little about the mechanisms underlying individual variation in female
 endocrine profiles associated with reproduction. In birds, 17β-estradiol
 is a key reproductive hormone that links brain neuroendocrine mechanisms,
 involved in information processing and decision making, to downstream
 mechanisms in the liver, where egg-yolk is produced. Here we test, using a
 simulated induction of the reproductive system through a GnRH-challenge,
 whether the ovary of pre-breeding female great tits responds to a brain
 stimulation by increasing estradiol. We also assess how this response is
 modified by individual-specific traits like age, ovarian follicle size and
 personality, using females from lines artificially selected for divergent
 levels of exploratory behaviour. We show that a GnRH injection leads to a
 rapid increase in circulating concentrations of estradiol but responses
 varied among individuals. Females with more developed ovarian follicles
 showed stronger responses and females from lines selected for fast
 exploratory behaviour showed stronger increases compared to females from
 the slow line, indicating a heritable component. This study shows that the
 response of the ovary to a reproductive stimulation from the brain greatly
 varies among individuals and that this variation can be attributed to
 several commonly measured individual traits, which sheds light on the
 mechanisms shaping heritable endocrine phenotypes.
description: Data Caro et al
 2019
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p2d00sf
title: Data from: A thorny issue: woody plant defence and growth in an East African savanna

description: 1. Recent work suggests that savanna woody plant species separate into two
 different strategies based on their defences against herbivory; a low
 nutrient/high chemical defence strategy and a nutrition paired with mostly
 architectural defences strategy. The concept that chemical and structural
 defences can augment each other and do not necessarily trade-off has
 emanated from this work. In this study we examine woody plant defence
 strategies, how these respond to herbivore removal and how they affect
 plant growth in an East African savanna. 2. At three paired long-term
 exclosure sites with high browser and mixed feeder densities at Mpala
 Ranch, Kenya we investigated: a) whether defences employed by the dominant
 fine- and broad-leaved woody savanna species form defence strategies and
 if these align with previously proposed strategies, b) how nine key plant
 defence traits respond to herbivore removal and c) how effective the
 different defence strategies are at protecting against intense herbivory
 (by measuring plant growth with and without herbivores present). 3. We
 identified three defence strategies. We found a group (1) with high N,
 short spines and high N-free secondary metabolites, a group (2) with high
 N, long spines and low N-free secondary metabolites and a group (3) with
 moderate N, no spines and low N-free secondary metabolites (most likely
 defended by unmeasured chemical defences). Structural defences (spine
 length, branching) were generally found to be induced by herbivory, leaf
 available N increased or did not respond, and N-free secondary metabolites
 decreased or did not respond to herbivory. Species with long spines
 combined with increased ‘caginess’ (dense canopy architecture arising from
 complex arrangement of numerous woody and spiny axis categories) of
 branches maintained the highest growth under intense browsing, compared to
 species with short spines and high N-free secondary metabolites and
 species with no spines and low N-free secondary metabolites. Synthesis. At
 our study site, structural traits (i.e. spines, increased caginess) were
 the most inducible and effective defences against intense mammalian
 herbivory. We propose that high levels of variability in the way that
 nutrient and defence traits combine may contribute to the coexistence of
 closely related species comprising savanna woody communities.
description: Dryad_Woody_leaf_traitsThis file includes the leaf traits included in this publicatioDryad_Spine_dens_BIThis file includes spine length, spine density and branching density.Dryad_Branching_BSI_SLAThis file includes bite size index, and branching dataDryad_GrowthThis file includes growth dataDryad_available_NitrogenThis file includes available nitrogen data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4fg24s2
title: Data from: Warming at the population level: effects on age structure, density, and generation cycles.

description: The impact of climate change on strongly age-structured populations is
 poorly understood, despite the central role of temperature in determining
 developmental rates in ectotherms. Here we examine the effect of warming
 and its interactions with resource availability on the population dynamics
 of the pyralid moth Plodia interpunctella, populations of which normally
 show generation cycles, a consequence of strong and asymmetric age-related
 competition. . Warming by 3°C above the standard culture temperature led
 to substantial changes in population density, age structure and population
 dynamics. Adult populations were some 50% larger in warmed populations,
 probably because the reduced fecundity associated with warming leads to
 reduced larval competition, allowing more larvae to develop to adulthood.
 Warming also interacted with resource availability to alter population
 dynamics, with the generation cycles typical of this species breaking down
 in the 30° populations when standard lab. diet was provided but not when a
 reduced nutrient poor diet was used. Warming by 6° led to either rapid
 extinction or the persistence of populations at low densities for the
 duration of the experiment. We conclude that even moderate warming can
 have considerable effects on population structure and dynamics,
 potentially leading to complete changes in dynamics in some cases. These
 results are particularly relevant given the large number of economically
 important species that exhibit generation cycling, in many cases arising
 from similar mechanisms to those operating in P. interpunctella.
description: Dead adult
 countsCounts of dead adults
 for each population cage ("Box")Larval
 countsCounts of 3rd, 4th and
 5th instar larvae for each population cageAnalysis and R
 codeAnalysis details and R
 code for the analyses and data visualisationsPlodia_Population_Analysis_Adults_Larvae_GD_test.html
DOI: 10.7927/j667-7q02
title: IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report LR Figure 3.1 (c): Simulated annual maximum daily precipitation change

description: These maps present projected changes of annual maximum 1-day precipitation at global warming levels of 1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C relative to 1850–1900. The maps are based on CMIP6 multi-model median changes, expressed in percentage over the period 1850–2020.