cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000175
title: Rainfall days per month for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000434
title: Maximum of Maximum Temperature for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.4121/16139cfa-f900-40d4-8657-5b9bb5d28f32
title: 20211103 20211109 Bathy Topo Survey Shore Monitoring - Nearshore - RealDune/REFLEX

description: Nearshore topography and bathymetry survey conducted on November 3rd and November 9th during the nearshore RealDune/REFLEX experiments. This dataset is part of the data collection 'Nearshore coastal measurements of calm, moderate, and storm conditions at two artificial dunes along the Dutch Coast during the RealDune/REFLEX experiments'.
DOI: 10.4121/16139cfa-f900-40d4-8657-5b9bb5d28f32.v1
title: 20211103 20211109 Bathy Topo Survey Shore Monitoring - Nearshore - RealDune/REFLEX

description: Nearshore topography and bathymetry survey conducted on November 3rd and November 9th during the nearshore RealDune/REFLEX experiments. This dataset is part of the data collection 'Nearshore coastal measurements of calm, moderate, and storm conditions at two artificial dunes along the Dutch Coast during the RealDune/REFLEX experiments'.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.egagasini.10000072
title: The ASCA April 2016 processed CTD profile data for stations 001 - 005

description: The Agulhas System Climate Array (ACSA) is a mooring array and is designed to provide long-term observations of the Agulhas Current`s volume, heat and salt transport and its variability from mesoscale (eddies), through seasonal to interannual timescales. The ASCA shelf and tall moorings extend 200 km offshore along decending TOPEX/Jason satellite ground track # 96, through the core of the Agulhas Current, with CPIES measurements extending the array to 300 km offshore of Port Elizabeth. The data collected during the ASCA project have been obtained from various oceanographic instrumentation. This is the processed product from data collected by the shipborne CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) sensor for the following stations 001, 002, 003, 004 and 005.
DOI: 10.15493/bea.data.250320-17
title: Methodology for the calculation of available feedstock volumes derived from sugarcane for the purposes of Bioenergy production

description: This document serves to describe the methodologies used to allocate mill level production data to the sugarcane fields detected in the South African national landcover. It also supplies attribute descriptions.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.fynbos.12a3771
title: 12A manual weekly rainfall September 1937 - May 1971

description: Weekly rainfall data collected by a Snowdon gauge with orifice at 1.2 meters above ground in the Biesievlei catchment in the Jonkershoek valley, Western Cape, South Africa.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000356
title: Standard Deviation (C) Of Daily Minimum Temperature July

description: Minimum (Night-Time) temperatures, there is abundant evidence for the climatic limitation of crop distributions to be described by minimum temperatures, from a perspective of crop survival (on Frost for tolerance levels of crops). Many subtropical crops may be killed at 5 degree Celsius already through chilling injury, even in the absence of frost (Chang, 1968). High minima increase respiration loss, thereby decreasing net photosynthesis.

Daily minimum temperature time series were derived from over 970 qualifying temperature stations` quality controlled daily records for the 50 year period 1950 - 1999. From these time series, 50 years of daily values of minimum temperatures were generated at each of 429 700 one arc minute (i.e. 1.7 km x 1.7 km) raster points covering South Africa, using regional and seasonal lapse rate and infilling/data extension techniques developed by Schulze and Maharaj (2004). Note that in the generation of daily minimum temperatures no account could be taken of cold air drainage into hollows or valleys, which can take place from surrounding higher-lying areas through radiative cooling during calm, stable clear night conditions. Reasons for this are provided in Schulze and Maharaj (2004). From these daily values, monthly means of daily minimum temperatures, as well as standard deviation of daily minimum temperatures for each month of the year, could be computed for purposes of mapping and production of statistics which are tabulated for Swaziland, Lesotho and for each of the nine provinces of the RSA. This approach to mapping minimum temperatures is thus fundamentally different to that used in the previous `South African Atlas of Agrohydrology and Climatology` (Schulze, 1997), in being much more physically based.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000183
title: Number of days for Maximum Temperature over 90th percentile for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000245
title: Annual total rainfall percentage(%) change from the median, projected for 2036 - 2065 relative to the present (1975 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway.

description: Annual total rainfall percentage(%) change from the median, projected for 2036 - 2065 relative to the present (1975 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of annual change. The projections are generated using thehigh (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 900ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000163
title: Median monthly precipitation (mm) for Near Future (2046-2065)

description: Model Run: Near future (2046 - 2065) (Near future (2046 - 2065)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/dea.carbon.10000023
title: Gully erosion

description: Soil erosion is an important form of land degradation and is among South Africa's most critical environmental issues. Gully erosion (in addition to sheet and rill erosion) has been identified as being a major source of sediment entering waterways in many catchments in South Africa (SA). The main purpose of creating this data was to establish the spatial extent of gully erosion per Province in South Africa. The aim was achieved by accurately mapping gully erosion features using SPOT 5 satellite imagery at a scale of 1:10 000. This data was created by means of visual interpretation and vectorization of SPOT 5 imagery (panchromatic sharpened images (2.5 m resolution) merged with multispectral bands (10 m resolution) to produce a 5 m resolution images) from various acquisition dates in 2006 to 2008. The outer boundary of gullies were delineated from SPOT 5 satellite images in ArcMap. Gullies were identified by their tone, shape, drainage pattern and association. The data provide useful information for conservation of natural resources projects of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.251120-18
title: 2018 Sub-Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem map

description: Latest update of the Sub-Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystem map which is synonymous with the map of the vegetation of Marion and the Prince Edward Islands in the National Vegetation Map Project. This is the first update since 2006 and includes an edit to shift the 2006 National Vegetation Map polygon for Prince Edward Island (which was offset from the imagery of the island in the 200 version) to its correct position which now aligns with global imagery
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000205
title: Seasonal total rainfall (mm per 3-month season) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for JJA season under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (JJA) rainfall (mm per month) change from the 90% percentile projected for 2036-2065, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000009
title: Minimum of Maximum Temperature for Current Climate (1950-1999)

description: Model Run: Control - Current Climate (Observed/current climate as modelled by climate model). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000142
title: Rainfall days per month (> 10mm) for Current Climate (1950-1999)

description: Model Run: Control - Current Climate (Observed/current climate as modelled by climate model). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000028
title: Rainfall days per month (> 10mm) for Far Future (2080 - 2100)

description: Model Run: Far future (2080 - 2100) (Far future (2080 - 2100)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.4121/d8259a4e-671d-430b-9908-6a8a6da099d3
title: 20211213 20211217 Bathy Topo Survey Shore Monitoring - Nearshore - RealDune/REFLEX

description: Nearshore topography and bathymetry survey conducted on December 13th and December 17th during the nearshore RealDune/REFLEX experiments. This dataset is part of the data collection 'Nearshore coastal measurements of calm, moderate, and storm conditions at two artificial dunes along the Dutch Coast during the RealDune/REFLEX experiments'.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000125
title: Monthly Means Of Daily Maximum Relative Humidity (%) March

description: Daily minimum and maximum relative humidity is necessary as relative humidity, defined for practical purposes as the ratio of actual to saturated vapour pressure, expressed as a percentage generally varies considerably in the course of a day because, despite actual vapour pressure, ed, remaining relatively constant, saturated vapour pressure, ea, varies curvilinearly with temperature. The minimum RH of a day is thus experienced during the hottest part of the day when ea is high and the ratio of ed : ea is therefore small. Conversely, the maximum RH of a day is experienced around sunrise when temperatures are low, thus ea is low and the ratio of ed : ea therefore approaches unity.

In computations of daily RHmin and RHmax, the uncorrected actual vapour pressure, ed , is assumed not to change significantly in the course of a day. Because uncorrected ed at any specific location has been shown to be predictable over South Africa on a month-by-month basis with a high degree of confidence when using predominantly geographical factors in multiple regression equations for each month the ed at any location is therefore held at a relatively constant value for any given month of the year, varying only slightly on a day-by-day basis within that month because temperature range is a variable in the regression equation. However, at that specific location the saturated vapour pressure, ea , can vary considerably from one day to the next, as well as within a given day between morning and midday, because it is related to temperature. Therefore, RHmin and RHmax can range considerably within a given day and vary markedly from one day to the next.
DOI: 10.4121/d8259a4e-671d-430b-9908-6a8a6da099d3.v1
title: 20211213 20211217 Bathy Topo Survey Shore Monitoring - Nearshore - RealDune/REFLEX

description: Nearshore topography and bathymetry survey conducted on December 13th and December 17th during the nearshore RealDune/REFLEX experiments. This dataset is part of the data collection 'Nearshore coastal measurements of calm, moderate, and storm conditions at two artificial dunes along the Dutch Coast during the RealDune/REFLEX experiments'.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.saws.10000239
title: Seasonal total rainfall (mm per 3-month season) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), for SON season under the RCP 8.5 pathway

description: Seasonal (SON) rainfall (mm per month) change from the 10% percentile projected for 2066-2095, relative to present (1976 - 2005), under the RCP 8.5 pathway for the southern African region. To generate the image, nine coarse General Circulation Models (GCM) are downscaled to a finer spatial resolution (0.44°x 0.44°) using the Rossby Centre regional model (RCA4) forcing its lateral boundaries. The model simulated daily rainfall averages, which are used to generate projections of seasonal change. The projections are generated using the high (RCP8.5) pathway which associates CO2 concentrations of approximately 950ppm by the year 2100. The associated RMSD it calculated and shows the uncertainty range of the projected model simulated residual values, and gives a relative perspective of spatial areas associated with higher and lower projection uncertainties.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000033
title: Cold Spells

description: In South Africa cold spells are defined as 3 or more consecutive days with minimum temperatures below 2.5 degree Celsius, severe cold spells are 3 or more consecutive days with minima below freezing point, i.e. 0 degree Celsius, while extreme cold spells are defined as 3 or more consecutive days with temperatures below -2.5 degree Celsius. In South Africa the main causes of cold spells are outbreaks of Antarctic air which follow cold fronts, and in the southern hemisphere with its vast tracts of oceans, these cold fronts are frequently well developed. Cold spells affect many sectors, including health, especially exposure to low temperatures, energy, with marked increases in electricity consumption for heating purposes. In agriculture some consequences of cold spells include frost and freeze impacts, especially if the cold spells occur early or livestock losses, where the livestock has not been protected from the cold.

The temperature database created for South Africa by Schulze and Maharaj (2004) was used to compute frequencies of cold spells. In this temperature database daily maximum and minimum temperatures were generated for the 50 year period 1950 - 1999 at 429 - 700 one arc minute grid points covering the area, by using observed daily temperatures of varying durations from 973 temperature stations with quality controlled data which were infilled and extended to the common 50 year period by techniques outlined in Schulze and Maharaj (2004) and interpolated/extrapolated using regional and monthly temperature lapse rates.  What was not accounted for in mapping cold spell occurrences at each of the grid points was whether a point was located in a valley, and therefore subject to cross-sectional nocturnal cold air drainage from crest to valley bottom in the winter months, or on a crest. Schulze and Maharaj (2004) found some differences between minimum temperatures from stations located in valleys vs those on crests, but were not able to map such temperature differences because of the complex dynamics of determining longitudinal cold air drainage within a valley, i.e. from higher altitudes of the upper valley to the lower altitudes of the lower valley.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.beeh.10000139
title: Monthly Means Of Daily Average Relative Humidity (%) May

description: Daily minimum and maximum relative humidity is necessary as relative humidity, defined for practical purposes as the ratio of actual to saturated vapour pressure, expressed as a percentage generally varies considerably in the course of a day because, despite actual vapour pressure, ed, remaining relatively constant, saturated vapour pressure, ea, varies curvilinearly with temperature. The minimum RH of a day is thus experienced during the hottest part of the day when ea is high and the ratio of ed : ea is therefore small. Conversely, the maximum RH of a day is experienced around sunrise when temperatures are low, thus ea is low and the ratio of ed : ea therefore approaches unity.

In computations of daily RHmin and RHmax, the uncorrected actual vapour pressure, ed , is assumed not to change significantly in the course of a day. Because uncorrected ed at any specific location has been shown to be predictable over South Africa on a month-by-month basis with a high degree of confidence when using predominantly geographical factors in multiple regression equations for each month the ed at any location is therefore held at a relatively constant value for any given month of the year, varying only slightly on a day-by-day basis within that month because temperature range is a variable in the regression equation. However, at that specific location the saturated vapour pressure, ea , can vary considerably from one day to the next, as well as within a given day between morning and midday, because it is related to temperature. Therefore, RHmin and RHmax can range considerably within a given day and vary markedly from one day to the next.
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.070621-4
title: Biodiversity benefits of ecological restoration

description: This layer provides access to peer reviewed literature on the benefits of ecological restoration for biodiversity. This includes the value to ecosystem goods and services provided overtime by the presence of a species of plants, insect or animal. It includes how biodiversity has beneficial impacts for ecosystem resilience.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva.csag.10000413
title: Median monthly precipitation (mm) for Near Future (2046-2065)

description: Model Run: Near future (2046 - 2065) (Near future (2046 - 2065)). The Self-Organizing Map Downscaling (SOMD) was developed at the Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG)[1], University of Cape Town. This is a leading empirical downscaled technique and provides meteorological station level response to global climate change forcing (See Hewitson and Crane (2006) for methodological details and Wilby et al. (2004) for a review of this and other statistical downscaling methodologies). Downscaling of a General Circulation Model (GCM) is accomplished by deriving the normative local response from the atmospheric state on a given day, as defined from historical observed data.  [1] http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/
DOI: 10.15493/saeon.fynbos.56022022
title: Birmingham Farm, Timbavati rainfall data

description: Monthly rainfall totals for two rain gauges - Timbavati Main Camp (Latitude: -24.501, Longitude: 31.299) and Sesetse Camp (Latitude:-24.5228, Longitude: 31.283) on the farm Birmingham in the southern Timbavati. This record forms part of a collection of historical rainfall data submitted to SAEON. The data were generated by farmers on a voluntary basis and have been published as submitted.
DOI: 10.15493/sarva3.data.10000012
title: Density of Road Infrastructure

description: The dataset presents the density of road infrastructure by 500m grid cell for South Africa. Data is calculated as length of infrastructure in m, categorised by road type. Input data and road categorisation are both based on OpenStreetMap data, downloaded from the official site. These polylines were intersected with the 500m grid for South Africa, and the length of road per grid cell calculated after conversion to an equal area projection.