DOI: 10.3886/icpsr37345.v1
title: Pittsburgh Youth Study Parental Psychopathology Constructs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1987-2001
title: Version 1

description: The Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS) is part of the larger "Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency" initiated by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in 1986. PYS aims to document the development of antisocial and delinquent behavior from childhood to early adulthood, the risk factors that impinge on that development, and help seeking and service provision of boys' behavior problems. The study also focuses on boys' development of alcohol and drug use, and internalizing problems.
PYS consists of three samples of boys who were in the first, fourth, and seventh grades in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania public schools during the 1987-1988 academic year (called the youngest, middle, and oldest sample, respectively). Using a screening risk score that measured each boy's antisocial behavior, boys identified at the top 30 percent within each grade sample on the screening risk measure (n=~250), as well as an equal number of boys randomly selected from the remainder (n=~250), were selected for follow-up. Consequently, the final sample for the study consisted of 1,517 total students selected for follow-up. 506 of these students were in the oldest sample, 508 were in the middle sample, and 503 were in the youngest sample.
Assessments were conducted semiannually and then annually using multiple informants (i.e., boys, parents, teachers) between 1987 and 2010. The youngest sample was assessed from ages 6-19 and again at ages 25 and 28. The middle sample was assessed from ages 9-13 and again at age 23. The oldest sample was assessed from ages 13-25, with an additional assessment at age 35. Information has been collected on a broad range of risk and protective factors across multiple domains (e.g., individual, family, peer, school, neighborhood). Measures of conduct problems, substance use/abuse, criminal behavior, mental health problems have been collected.

This collection contains data and syntax files for parental psychopathology constructs. The datasets include constructs on the frequency and level of criminal and delinquent activities, substance use by people in the home, parental stress, as well as police contacts and past incarceration.
The parental psychopathology constructs were created by using the PYS raw data. The raw data are available at ICPSR in the following studies:
Pittsburgh Youth Study Youngest Sample (1987 - 2001) [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania],
Pittsburgh Youth Study Middle Sample (1987 - 1991) [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania] , and
Pittsburgh Youth Study Oldest Sample (1987 - 2000) [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania].
description: The Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS) is a part of the Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency (Causes and Correlates), initiated in 1986 by the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Causes and Correlates is designed to improve the understanding of serious delinquency, violence, and drug use by examining how youth develop within the context of family, school, peers, and community. Specifically, PYS aims to document the development of antisocial and delinquent behavior from childhood to early adulthood, the risk factors that impinge on that development, and help seeking and service provision of boys' behavior problems. It also focuses on boys' development of alcohol and drug use, and internalizing problems. Additionally, the study serves as a real-life laboratory for advancing and testing hypothesized developmental pathways.
description: Variables for datasets on parental stress constructs (with dataset name ending with "STRES") contain level of parental stress in the past month.
Variables for datasets on reports of substance use by people in the home constructs (with dataset name ending with "CDRUP") include daily, weekly, and yearly use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, hard drugs and illicit drugs by people in the home. People in the home include biological mother, biological father, sister, brother, other females, and other males.
Variables for datasets on family criminality constructs (with dataset name ending with "FCRIM") include number of police contacts, number of relatives with police contacts, number of police contacts for aggressive behavior, number of convictions, and number of incarcerations by type of relative as well as offense type. Types of relatives are brother, sister, biological mother, biological father, step-mother, and step-father. Offense types include homicide, rape and sex offenses, and other serious offenses.
description: Response Rates: Participant retention for the Pittsburgh Youth Study has historically been high (mean=91 percent), with 82 percent of living participants completing the most recent interview conducted in 2010.
description: The initial sample for the Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS) was selected with the assistance of the Pittsburgh Board of Education in 1987. PYS researchers started out with comprehensive public school lists of the enrollment of 1,631, 1,432, and 1,419 male students in grades 1, 4, and 7 during the 1987-1988 school year respectively. From these lists, researchers randomly selected about 1,100 boys in each of the three grades to be contacted (1,165, 1,146, and 1,125 in grades 1, 4, and 7, respectively). However, a number of the children had moved out of the school district, proved to be girls, or were of incorrect age and were therefore not eligible participants. Eventually, 1,006, 1,004, and 998 families with eligible boys in grades 1, 4, and 7, respectively, were contacted. Boys in grade 1 became the "youngest" sample, boys in grade 4 became the "middle" sample, and boys in grade 7 became the "oldest" sample. From this contact, 84.6 percent, 86.3 percent, and 83.9 percent of the eligible boys in the youngest, middle, and oldest samples respectively chose to participate in PYS. 
In order to increase the number of high-risk males in the sample, researchers used a screening assessment on a subset of the boys during the first phase of the study, Phase S. Risk scores from this screening assessment measured each boy's antisocial behavior using parent, teacher, and self-report instruments. Within each grade-based sample, boys identified at the top 30 percent on the screening risk measure (n=~250), as well as an equal number of boys randomly selected from the remaining 70 percent (n=~250), were selected for follow-up in subsequent phases (Phase A- Phase DD). This resulted in the final samples of 503, 508, and 506 boys in grades 1, 4, and 7, respectively, who together with their parent were to be followed up. 
The youngest sample (N=503) and the oldest sample (N=506) have been assessed continuously since 1987, while the middle sample (N=508) was only assessed seven times from ages 10-13. Assessments of each of the cohorts were carried out initially half-yearly, and later yearly. When the assessment periods switched from six months to one year, the youngest sample was interviewed every spring and the oldest sample every fall. Each phase letter still represents a six-month period. Thus, all the phases from H through AA have data for only one sample.
description: Datasets: 
DS0: Study-Level Files
DS1: Phase A All Samples Parental Stress Constructs - A3XSTRES
DS2: Phase AA Youngest Sample Subject's Reports of Substance Use By People in the Home Constructs - AAYCDRUP
DS3: Phase C All Samples Family Criminality Constructs - C3XFCRIM
DS4: Phase C All Samples Parental Stress Constructs - C3XSTRES
DS5: Phase E All Samples Subject's Reports of Substance Use By People in the Home Constructs - E3XCDRUP
DS6: Phase E All Samples Parental Stress Constructs - E3XSTRES
DS7: Phase G Youngest and Oldest Samples Parental Stress Constructs - G3WSTRES
DS8: Phase I Oldest Sample Family Criminality Constructs - I3OFCRIM
DS9: Phase I Oldest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - I3OSTRES
DS10: Phase J Youngest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - J3YSTRES
DS11: Phase L Youngest Sample Subject's Reports of Substance Use By People in the Home Constructs - L3YCDRUP
DS12: Phase L Youngest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - L3YSTRES
DS13: Phase N Youngest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - N3YSTRES
DS14: Phase P Youngest Sample Family Criminality Constructs - P3YFCRIM
DS15: Phase P Youngest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - P3YSTRES
DS16: Phase R Youngest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - R3YSTRES
DS17: Phase T Youngest Sample Subject's Reports of Substance Use By People in the Home Constructs - T3YCDRUP
DS18: Phase T Youngest Sample Parental Stress Constructs - T3YSTRES
description: This study collection contains those students, and their parents, who were in first, fourth, or seventh grade during the 1987-1988 school year.
description: face-to-face interview; mail questionnaire; paper and pencil interview (PAPI); self-enumerated questionnaire; on-site questionnaire; telephone interviewThe parental psychopathology constructs were created by using the PYS raw data. The raw data are available at ICPSR in the following studies:
Pittsburgh Youth Study Youngest Sample (1987 - 2001) [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania],
Pittsburgh Youth Study Middle Sample (1987 - 1991) [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania] , and
Pittsburgh Youth Study Oldest Sample (1987 - 2000) [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania].ICPSR incorporated the original file name into each dataset name to make it easier for the users to match each dataset with the appropriate syntax file.Approved users of the restricted data will gain access to a crosswalk to the raw data file names that can be used with the included syntax, as well as an Access database that allows users to look up construct items. An ICPSR crosswalk to the dataset names, P.I.'s deposited filenames, ICPSR filenames, and corresponding dataset numbers is also provided in the restricted access materials in the VDE.