DOI: 10.3886/icpsr09471.v1
title: International Comparative Study on the Management, Productivity, and Effectiveness of Research Teams and Institutions (ICSOPRU), 1971-1989
title: Version 1

description: The goal of the ICSOPRU project was to improve the management of research teams and institutions and increase awareness of their responsibility concerning proper application of research results. Concrete objectives were twofold: (1) on the international level, to make widely available comparable facts and experiences concerning the management of research teams and to promote multilateral as well as bilateral cooperation in this field, and (2) on the national level to provide all those concerned (science policy-makers, research managers, scientists, engineers) with substantive information on the state of their national research potential and to encourage them, on the basis of this information compared eventually with similar information from other countries, to take self-corrective actions as needed to improve the level of effectiveness and productivity of the research teams and institutions. Seventeen countries from Africa, the Arab States, Asia, Europe and Latin America took part in ICSOPRU. There were four stages or rounds of data collection: six countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Hungary, Poland, Sweden) in Round 1 (between February and September 1974), six countries (Argentina, Egypt, India, Republic of Korea [South], Poland, Ukrainian S.S.R.) in Round 2 (between June 1978 and September 1981), five countries (Brazil, India, Nigeria, Spain, Ukrainian S.S.R.) in Round 3 (between October 1981 and November 1985), and four countries (China, Ghana, Hungary, Mexico) in Round 4 (between May 1985 and June 1987). Each round of questionnaires had different items (except for Rounds 2 and 3 which were the same). Round 1 items included general administrative information relevant to the research units answered by the administrator of the unit, scientific information on the research unit and information relevant to the unit's head answered by the head of the unit, individual information answered by scientists and engineers of the unit, individual information answered by technicians of the unit, and external evaluation of the research units from various scientific and administrative perspectives answered by external evaluators. Rounds 2 and 3 included general information about the research unit answered by the head of the unit, information on the respondent and his or her evaluation of the research unit's management, items on productivity and effectiveness answered by head of the unit along with scientists, engineers, and technicians of the unit, EV-rating of the research unit's effectiveness on a series of dimensions dealing with scientific or social criteria and administrative criteria answered by external evaluators. The fourth round of questionnaires included information on the institutional environment of the research unit answered by the head of the institution, general information on the research unit answered by the head of the unit, information on the respondent and his or her evaluation of the research unit's management, items on productivity and effectiveness answered by the head of the unit, scientists, engineers, and technicians.
description: Datasets: 
 
 DS0: Study-Level Files 
 DS1: Round 1, Form RU Questionnaire Data 
 DS2: Round 1, Form SA Questionnaire Data 
 DS3: Round 1, Form SB Questionnaire Data 
 DS4: Round 1, Form TS Questionnaire Data 
 DS5: Round 1, Form EV Questionnaire Data 
 DS6: Round 1, Form EE Questionnaire Data 
 DS7: Round 1, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Country 
 DS8: Round 1, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Type of Institution 
 DS9: Round 1, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Field of Science 
 DS10: Round 1, All Respondent-Level Statistics 
 DS11: Round 2, Form RU Questionnaire Data 
 DS12: Round 2, Form CM Questionnaire Data 
 DS13: Round 2, Form EV Questionnaire Data 
 DS14: Round 2, Form EE Questionnaire Data 
 DS15: Round 2, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Country 
 DS16: Round 2, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Type of Institution 
 DS17: Round 2, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Field of Science 
 DS18: Round 2, All Respondent-Level Statistics 
 DS19: Round 3, Form RU Questionnaire Data 
 DS20: Round 3, Form CM Questionnaire Data 
 DS21: Round 3, Form EV Questionnaire Data 
 DS22: Round 3, Form EE Questionnaire Data 
 DS23: Round 3, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Country 
 DS24: Round 3, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Type of Institution 
 DS25: Round 3, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Field of Science 
 DS26: Round 3, All Respondent-Level Statistics 
 DS27: Round 4, Form RU Questionnaire Data 
 DS28: Round 4, Form CM Questionnaire Data 
 DS29: Round 4, Form IS Questionnaire Data 
 DS30: Round 4, Form EE Questionnaire Data 
 DS31: Round 4, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Country 
 DS32: Round 4, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Type of Institution 
 DS33: Round 4, Unit-Level Statistics Calculated by Field of Science 
 DS34: Round 4, All Respondent-Level Statistics
description: There were four stages or rounds of data collection for the International Comparative Study on the Management, Productivity, and Effectiveness of Research Teams and Institutions (ICSOPRU), 1971-1989 [ICPSR 9471]. For each round there are four files of unit-level and respondent-level statistics provided (Datasets 0007-0010, 0015-0018, 0023-0026 and 0031-0034). There are no carriage return characters in the statistics files. Accordingly, each statistics file should be listed with a print program that does not interpret the first column of each record as a carriage control character.