DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2hr38
title: Data from: Occipital alpha activity during stimulus processing gates the information flow to object-selective cortex

description: Given the limited processing capabilities of the sensory system, it is
 essential that attended information is gated to downstream areas, whereas
 unattended information is blocked. While it has been proposed that alpha
 band (8–13 Hz) activity serves to route information to downstream regions
 by inhibiting neuronal processing in task-irrelevant regions, this
 hypothesis remains untested. Here we investigate how neuronal oscillations
 detected by electroencephalography in visual areas during working memory
 encoding serve to gate information reflected in the simultaneously
 recorded blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals recorded by
 functional magnetic resonance imaging in downstream ventral regions. We
 used a paradigm in which 16 participants were presented with faces and
 landscapes in the right and left hemifields; one hemifield was attended
 and the other unattended. We observed that decreased alpha power
 contralateral to the attended object predicted the BOLD signal
 representing the attended object in ventral object-selective regions.
 Furthermore, increased alpha power ipsilateral to the attended object
 predicted a decrease in the BOLD signal representing the unattended
 object. We also found that the BOLD signal in the dorsal attention network
 inversely correlated with visual alpha power. This is the first
 demonstration, to our knowledge, that oscillations in the alpha band are
 implicated in the gating of information from the visual cortex to the
 ventral stream, as reflected in the representationally specific BOLD
 signal. This link of sensory alpha to downstream activity provides a
 neurophysiological substrate for the mechanism of selective attention
 during stimulus processing, which not only boosts the attended information
 but also suppresses distraction. Although previous studies have shown a
 relation between the BOLD signal from the dorsal attention network and the
 alpha band at rest, we demonstrate such a relation during a visuospatial
 task, indicating that the dorsal attention network exercises top-down
 control of visual alpha activity.
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