cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2rn3092p
title: FireALT dataset: estimated active layer thickness for paired burned unburned sites measured from 2001-2023

description: As the northern high latitude permafrost zone experiences accelerated warming, permafrost has become vulnerable to widespread thaw. Simultaneously, wildfire activity across northern boreal forests and Arctic/subarctic tundra regions impacts permafrost stability through the combustion of insulating organic matter, vegetation, and post-fire changes in albedo. Despite the importance of wildfire-permafrost interactions, little research has been conducted to understand differences across ecosystem types. To address this knowledge gap, we solicited observations of active layer thickness from paired burned and unburned sites across the northern high-latitude permafrost region. We compiled 52,466 permafrost thaw depth observations from 18 contributors collected as part of individual field studies. As thaw depths were taken at various times throughout the season, we estimated end-of-season active layer thickness for each measurement using the square root of additional air thawing degree days between the day of measurement and the date of the end of the thawing season at each site. The FireALT dataset includes 48,669 ALT estimates with 32 attributes across 9,446 plots and 157 burned/unburned pairs spanning Canada, Russia, and the United States. The data were collected between 2001 and 2023 and span fire events from 1900 to 2022. Time since fire ranges from zero to 114 years. The FireALT dataset addresses a key challenge: the ability to assess the impacts of wildfire on ALT when measurements are taken at various times throughout the thaw season depending on the time of field campaigns (typically June through August) by estimating ALT at the end of the season maximum.
DOI: 10.18739/a2rv0d28b
title: 1-D Grain Size Evolution Model for Ice

description: Viscous flow in ice is often described by the Glen flow law—a non-Newtonian, power-law relationship between stress and strain-rate with a stress exponent n ~ 3. The Glen law is attributed to grain-size-insensitive dislocation creep; however, laboratory and field studies demonstrate that deformation in ice can be strongly dependent on grain size. This has led to the hypothesis that at sufficiently low stresses, ice flow is controlled by grain boundary sliding, which explicitly incorporates the grain-size dependence of ice rheology.
 The Matlab code provided here is based on the model of Behn et al. (2021), which couples grain-size evolution with a composite viscous flow law that incorporates both grain-boundary sliding and dislocation creep to provide a self-consistent description of deformation and grain size evolution in ice. Grain size evolution is modeled using the “wattmeter” (Austin & Evans, 2007; 2009). The wattmeter posits that grain size is controlled by a balance between the mechanical work required for grain growth and dynamic grain size reduction. Using this code, grain size evolution can be calculated in a 1-D column as a function of depth within an ice sheet.
 This modeling study was conducted at Boston College between 2018–2021.
 Austin, N. J. and Evans, B.: Paleowattmeters: A scaling relation for dynamically recrystallized grain size, Geol., 35(4), 343, doi:10.1130/G23244A.1, 2007.
 Austin, N. and Evans, B.: The kinetics of microstructural evolution during deformation of calcite, J. Geophys. Res., 114(B9), B09402, doi:10.1029/2008JB006138, 2009.
 Behn, M.D., Goldsby, D.L., and Hirth, G.: The role of grain size evolution in the rheology of ice: implications for reconciling laboratory creep data and the Glen flow law, The Cryosphere, v. 15, 4589-4605, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4589-2021, 2021.
DOI: 10.18739/a2rx93g1q
title: Snow Thickness and Temperature Observation (SnoTATOS) snow depth and surface melt observations from the 2024 Arctic Radiation Cloud Aerosol Surface Interaction Experiment (ARCSIX) campaign, Lincoln Sea

description: The dataset contains snow depth and surface melt observations made during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic Radiation Cloud Aerosol Surface Interaction Experiment (ARCSIX) project between April 2024 and January 2025. We deployed four Snow Thickness and Temperature Observation (SnoTATOS) networks in the Lincoln Sea in late April and early May, 2024. Each network consisted of ten observation nodes and a server integrated into a Sea Ice Mass Balance (SIMB3) buoy. We deployed the networks in multiyear ice just before the onset of surface melt. We placed the nodes randomly between 25 and 200 meters (m) from each buoy, with clear line-of-sight to the buoy. We measured initial snow depth at each node, and ice thickness and snow depth at each SIMB3. The data then track change in surface height over time. Data are given as surface height referenced to the initial ice surface position. As of 3 January, 2025, three networks (2024L, 2024O, and 2024R) were no longer reporting. The failure of 2024O is consistent with a communications failure between the server and SIMB3. The steady attrition of nodes and their location in a shear band suggest that networks 2024L and 2024R were destroyed by ice dynamics. 2024P continues to report, with four nodes surviving; the rest were likely destroyed by ice dynamics. Corresponding SIMB3 buoy data can be found at https://www.cryosphereinnovation.com.
DOI: 10.18739/a2s17sv4z
title: Water and sediment database for coastal monitoring network in the central Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, 1994-2023

description: The database includes measurements of water quality (depth, pH, EC (electrical conductivity)) and sediment accumulation at 174 stations in the central portion of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta from 1994 to 2023. Measurements were made of water depth above or below the ground surface in small wells (PVC plastic pipe, 25 millimeter diameter, 0.3 to 1.0 meter deep) and for electrical conductivity and pH using portable probes (Oakton EC/pH meter). Mean EC values can be calculated by ecotype and geomorphic unit. Surface-accretion (organic matter and mineral sediment) thicknesses were obtained at 93 stations along 11 transects by measuring depth of materials relative to thin paint layers that were sprayed on the surface during various years from 1994 to 2016. The last measurements were made in 2023, a year after ex-Typhoon Merbok became an extratropical storm as it extended into the Bering Sea.
DOI: 10.18739/a2s46h77p
title: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present

description: ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades. Data is available from 1940 onwards. ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
 Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. This principle, called data assimilation, is based on the method used by numerical weather prediction centres, where every so many hours (12 hours at ECMWF) a previous forecast is combined with newly available observations in an optimal way to produce a new best estimate of the state of the atmosphere, called analysis, from which an updated, improved forecast is issued. Reanalysis works in the same way, but at reduced resolution to allow for the provision of a dataset spanning back several decades. Reanalysis does not have the constraint of issuing timely forecasts, so there is more time to collect observations, and when going further back in time, to allow for the ingestion of improved versions of the original observations, which all benefit the quality of the reanalysis product.
DOI: 10.18739/a2s756n0m
title: Code and glacial isostatic adjustment model outputs associated with "Glacial isostatic adjustment driven by asymmetric ice sheet melt during the last interglacial causes multiple local sea level peaks"

description: ### Access
NetCDF files be accessed and downloaded from the directory via: [http://arcticdata.io/data/10.18739/A2S756N0M](http://arcticdata.io/data/10.18739/A2S756N0M).
 
### Overview
This dataset comprises the code used to produce the results in Creel, R.C., Austermann, J.A., Glacial isostatic adjustment driven by asymmetric ice sheet melt during the Last Interglacial causes multiple local sea-level peaks. Geology. https://doi.org/10.1130/G52483.1.
 
Research abstract:

Global mean sea-level (GMSL) change during the Last Interglacial (LIG, 129−116 kiloannum (ka)) gives perspective on how ice sheets respond to warming. Observations of multiple peaks in LIG relative sea level (RSL) records, combined with an assumption that the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) collapsed prior to the LIG, have been used to infer Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet melt histories as well as oscillations in LIG GMSL. However, evidence for an LIS outburst flood at ca. 125 ka and extensive early-LIG Antarctic melt suggests that Laurentide remnants may have persisted longer into the LIG than typically thought even as Antarctic melt accelerated. Here, we explore the effect of concurrent early-Holocene Laurentide persistence and Antarctic collapse on glacial isostatic adjustment and sea level. In our models, we hold GMSL constant at present levels (i.e., GMSL = 0) from 128 ka to 117 ka by balancing excess Laurentide ice with early-LIG Antarctic melt. We find that due to glacial isostatic adjustment, this synchronous but asymmetric ice change causes multiple RSL peaks, separated by ∼4.2 ± 2.5 m of RSL fall near North America and ∼1.3 ± 0.7 m around the Indian Ocean. This spatial pattern resembles observations. These results show that multiple peaks in LIG RSL could have occurred with asymmetric ice changes between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere that sum to little, if any, change in GMSL. Our work highlights the need for LIG modeling studies to consider that dynamic cryospheric changes can occur even with near-constant GMSL.
 
This research was conducted at Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in 2022 and 2023. It is entirely composed of modeling and compilation of existing data; no new data were produced for the study. The methodologies employed include glacial isostatic adjustment modeling using MATLAB code written by Jacky Austermann and post-processing of the resulting models using python scripts written by Roger Creel.
DOI: 10.18739/a2s756n13
title: Eastern Canadian Arctic Lake water Isotope Samples, 1992-2021

description: Lacustrine δ2H and δ18O isotope proxies are powerful tools for reconstructing past climate and precipitation changes in the Arctic. However, robust paleoclimate record interpretations depend on site-specific lake water isotope systematics, which are poorly described in the eastern Canadian Arctic due to insufficient modern lake water isotope data. We use modern lake water isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) collected between 1994-1997 and 2017–2021 from a transect of sites spanning a Québec-to-Ellesmere Island gradient to evaluate the effects of inflow seasonality and evaporative enrichment on the δ2H and δ18O composition of lake water. Four lakes near Iqaluit, Nunavut sampled biweekly through three ice-free seasons reflect mean annual precipitation isotopes with slight evaporative enrichment. In a 23° latitudinal transect of 181 lakes, through-flowing lake water δ2H and δ18O fall along local meteoric water lines. Despite variability within each region, we observe a latitudinal pattern: southern lakes reflect mean annual precipitation isotopes, whereas northern lakes reflect summer-biased precipitation isotopes. This pattern suggests that northern lakes are more fully flushed with summer precipitation, and we hypothesize that this occurs because the ratio of runoff to precipitation increases with latitude as vegetation cover decreases. Therefore, proxy records from through-flowing lakes in this region should reflect precipitation isotopes with minimal influence of evaporation, but vegetation changes in lake catchments across a latitudinal transect and through geologic time may influence the seasonality of lake water isotopic compositions. Thus, we recommend that future lake water isotope proxy records are considered in context with temperature and ecological proxy records.
DOI: 10.18739/a2sn0161f
title: Chlorpyrifos Photodegradation Lab Data Performed in solutions of Arctic Natural Organic Matter Isolated from Surface Waters Collected Near Toolik Lake, Alaska

description: The current-use pesticide chlorpyrifos can be transported via global distillation to the Arctic. Here, natural organic matter (NOM) was isolated from sampled Arctic surface waters and then utilized in subsequent laboratory experiments to assess the photodegradation kinetics of chlorpyrifos. Surface waters sampled are from around the Toolik Lake area, Alaska and specified therin. The data reported contain characterization of surface waters, characterization of NOM isolates, and also light-screening corrected kinetics data of chlorpyrifos decay from laboratory experiments utilizing solutions of those NOM isolates.
DOI: 10.18739/a2st7dz93
title: Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) of lake water filtrates from Iceland and the Eastern Canadian Arctic, 2018-2020

description: This dataset contains branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGT) distributions and total abundances for lake water filtrate samples collected from Iceland and the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Water samples were collected using a Niskin-type container from the surface, middle, and/or bottom of the lakes. Most samples were collected during the open water season. However, some samples were collected in late spring before ice out. Water was then filtered through ashed 0.3 micrometer (µm) glass fiber filters (Advantec GF-75). The filters were then freeze dried and extracted for lipid analysis.
 Sample collection was paired with sonde measurements of lake water temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Grab samples were additionally taken for measurements of total phosphorus, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, total organic carbon/ dissolved organic carbon (TOC/DOC), and total nitrogen. These data have been previously published (Raberg et al., 2023a; Raberg et al., 2023b).
 Lipid extractions were performed using one of two methods. Most samples were extracted using a modified Bligh and Dyer (BD) protocol as described in Raberg et al. (2021). Some samples were instead extracted using an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE, Dionex ASE 350) using two rounds of dichloromethane:methanol (9:1) at 100 degrees Celcius (°C) and 1500 pounds per square inch (psi). An aliquot of the total lipid extract was then filtered (0.45 µm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) and analyzed for brGDGTs using a Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3,000 high performance liquid chromatography instrument coupled with a Q Exactive Focus Orbitrap-Quadrupole high resolution mass spectrometer. Analyses were performed in full scan mode using a standard chromatographic method (Hopmans et al., 2016) with a slight modification to aid in isomer separation (Raberg et al., 2021). We used external calibrations using the C46 glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GTGT) standard (Huguet et al., 2006) to calculate compound abundances. For a given compound, its fractional abundance was calculated as the abundance of the compound divided by the sum of all compounds (including the IIIa'' isomer).
DOI: 10.18739/a2sx64c0g
title: Hourly data from a flood sensor on the Ikpikpuk River delta, northern Alaska, 2011 to 2022

description: This data package includes surface water level observations from a pressure transducer sitting above sea level on the Ikpikpuk River delta in northern Alaska from 2009 to 2021. The Ikpikpuk River delta is located on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. The Ikpikpuk River drains a land area of 15,330 square kilometers (km-2), emptying into Smith Bay, and the delta is fan-shaped with an aerial extent of 106 square kilometers. The instrumentation was deployed to collect measurements on the spring freshet flood on the delta as well as storm surge floods. The data file consists of the observation table in a .csv file format.
DOI: 10.18739/a2t14tr46
title: Ice Mass Balance Buoys 2024

description: The dataset contains measurements made from autonomous Seasonal Ice Mass Balance (SIMB) buoys. The buoys were deployed throughout 2024 as part of several field campaigns. Each buoy measured snow and ice surface and ice bottom position, barometric pressure, air temperature, and a vertical profile of temperature from the air, through the snow, through the ice, and into the upper ocean. An above-ice downward looking sounder tracked the position of the surface and an underwater upward looking sounder tracked the position of the ice bottom. Initial measurements of snow depth and ice surface position are used to infer snow depth. Sensors were placed every 0.02 meters (m) on the vertical temperature string. Measurements were made every four hours and results were transmitted via Iridium. There is one csv file for each SIMB, one plot for each SIMB, and a file containing initial conditions, deployment notes, and times when buoys slip in relation to the ice.
DOI: 10.18739/a2t43j48d
title: Snow Melt Onset Over Arctic Sea Ice from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSM/I-SSMIS) Brightness Temperatures, Version 5

description: This data set includes yearly snow melt onset dates over Arctic sea ice derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) brightness temperature measurements. The data are gridded to the 25 km Northern Hemisphere Polar Stereographic projection and available from 1979 through 2022. One browse image is available for each year. This data set also contains value-added statistics for each grid cell, including: mean melt onset date, latest (maximum) melt onset date, earliest (minimum) melt onset date, range of melt onset dates (the difference between maximum and minimum onset dates), and the standard deviation of melt onset dates. One browse image is also provided for each statistical field.
 Bliss, A. C., Anderson, M. &amp; Drobot, S. (2022). Snow Melt Onset Over Arctic Sea Ice from SMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS Brightness Temperatures. (NSIDC-0105, Version 5). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/TRGWQ0ONTQG5. [describe subset used if applicable]. Date Accessed.
DOI: 10.18739/a2t727h88
title: Surface sediment samples collected from the Research Vessel Sikuliaq, Northern Bering Sea to Chukchi Sea, 2023

description: The Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean is experiencing major reductions in seasonal sea ice extent and increases in sea surface temperatures. One of the key uncertainties in this region is how the marine ecosystem will respond to seasonal shifts in the timing of spring sea ice retreat and/or delays in fall sea ice formation. Variations in upper ocean water hydrography, planktonic production, pelagic-benthic coupling and sediment carbon cycling are all influenced by sea ice and temperature change. To more systematically track the broad biological response to sea ice retreat and associated environmental change, an international consortium of scientists have developed a coordinated Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) that includes selected biological measurements at multiple trophic levels, along with satellite and mooring measurements. The DBO currently focuses on five regional biological "hotspot" locations along a latitudinal gradient that allows for consistent sampling and monitoring at five biologically productive locations across a latitudinal gradient: DBO 1 (SLIP)-south of St. Lawrence Island (SLI), DBO2 (Chirikov)-north of SLI, DBO3 (southern Chukchi Sea), DBO4-NE (northeast) Chukchi Sea, and DBO5-Barrow Canyon.
DOI: 10.18739/a2t727h9r
title: Nutrient data from water samples (surface and depth) collected from the Research Vessel Sikuliaq, Gulf of Alaska to Bering Sea, 2023

description: This data set includes nutrient measurements of water samples collected at hydrographic stations from the Research Vessel (R/V) Sikuliaq during the Arctic Chief Scientist Training cruise June 6–12, 2023 sponsored by the University National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) Arctic Icebreaker Coordinating Committee and the National Science Foundation. SKQ202309T was utilized as a training expedition for early-career Arctic oceanographers, focusing on skills essential for leading research cruises. Training topics centered on logistics, how to request time on ships, how to coordinate personnel and equipment, how to plan for operations and survey tasks at sea, how to work with vessel crew and staff, and how to edit research plans based on field conditions. Participants collected various data sets opportunistically throughout the research training. The cruise transited from Seward to Nome and water samples were collected at six hydrographic stations for nutrients (this data set). Specifically, this data set contains nutrient (total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), phosphate, and nitrate+nitrite) measurements at surface and above seabed water depths. Bottle samples were collected in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which were rinsed at least three times before filling. The bottles were frozen at -40 Celsius (C).
DOI: 10.18739/a2tb0xx48
title: Water-column data from Harrison Bay, Alaska (summers 2021 and 2022)

description: This dataset includes water-column data collected from the Beaufort Shelf during the open-water seasons in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The 2020 data include water-column profiles (salinity, temperature, depth, turbidity, particle size distributions, particle volume concentrations, and uncorrected clorophyll-a) collected with an RBR CTD/Tu (conductivity, temperature, depth, turbidity) sensor and LISST sensor from R/V Sikuliaq and its workboat. Most sites were in the Harrison Bay region (north of the Colville Delta and Simpson Lagoon) and a few were located farther east. The 2021 and 2022 data include the same CTD/Tu and LISST data that were collected in 2020, but are focused in Harrison Bay and also include profiles of light intensity (photosynthetically active radiation) as well as ADCP (acoustic doppler current profile) profiles from a pole-mounted Nortek Signature 500 kilohertz (kHz) sensor. In 2021, additional data include filtration data (total suspended solids, suspended sediment concentrations, and organic fractions) from water samples and hi-resolution echosounder data from the Nortek ADCP.
 These data are being incorporated into publications about summertime water-column properties and sediment transport dynamics within Harrison Bay (Eidam et al., pending).
DOI: 10.18739/a2td9n97f
title: West Greenland Lakes: Abrupt Transformations Following Compound Extremes Associated With Atmospheric Rivers, 2013-2024

description: Arctic lake ecosystems are sites of high biodiversity that play an important role in carbon cycling, yet the impacts of emerging warmer and wetter conditions on the ecology of these lakes is poorly understood, partly owing to insufficient long-term data. Using a 10-year dataset, we report on an abrupt, coherent, climate-driven transformation of Arctic lakes in Greenland, demonstrating how a season of both record heat and rainfall drove a state change in these systems. This change from “blue” to “brown” lake states altered numerous physical, chemical, and biological lake features.
 This dataset has been analyzed in a manuscript submitted to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) titled: Abrupt transformation of West Greenland lakes following compound climate extremes associated with atmospheric rivers.