cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.12
title: Optimization of process variables for pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration of model food cubes

description: Pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) is an application of vacuum pressure at the beginning of osmotic dehydration (OD). It can introduce mass transfer during impregnation process of foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum conditions to achieve high water removal and solid gain in a model food cube. The process variables were agar-gel cube bulk density (0.65-0.85 g/ml), sucrose concentration (30-60 % w/w) and vacuum impregnation time (10-30 min). The pulse vacuum treatment was applied at 150 mbar for 10-30 min followed by an atmospheric pressure operation up to 180 min. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that water loss (WL), solids gain (SG), weight reduction (WR) and WL/SG were contributed to process variables. Moreover, sucrose concentration was the most effective among all response variables as compared with vacuum time and bulk density. The WR, WL, SG and WL/SG values were fitted to a quadratic model (R2 0.9920-0.9989). The optimal process conditions for a model food were 0.72 g/ml of bulk density, 58.41 % w/w of sucrose concentration and 11.47 min of vacuum time. The predicted values of WL and SG were 25.57 % and 27.78 %, respectively. This study has revealed that, under the experimental conditions, an appropriate WL/SG ratio will be useful for food formula modification in new product development.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.14
title: Promoting farmers to re-forest and utilize non-timber products for value addition

description: The aims of this paper were to introduce information of farming methods to grow trees in farm land and to encourage farmers to utilize non-timber products for value addition. Data collections involved using records on farm land and observation before and after cultivation including the record of value added processing. The studied areas were in Khon Kaen and Petchaboon provinces. This paper found that Thai farmers grew the seedling of Yang (Garjan) tree into a middle of a big hole with 1 m width x 1 m length x 1 m height dimension, while the surroundings consisted of  various vegetables and annual trees which are commonly consumed. This was called
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.15
title: Study on the microbiology of intercropping on the prevention and control of Faba bean fusarium wilt

description: Wheat and faba bean intercropping is one of the important intercropping systems in China, due to its improvement of production in field ecosystem and disease control. Faba bean fusarium wilt is one of the most common soil-borne diseases in faba bean. There are currently studies showing that beneficial microorganisms in the soil play a key role in controlling soil-borne diseases. Our aim is to investigate the influence of the microbiology of intercropping on the prevention and control of faba bean fusarium wilt.A field experiment was conducted that wheat intercropped with faba bean, respectively, in comparison with wheat and faba bean monocropping. Experiments have shown that in comparison with monocropping, intercropping significant increased wheat grain yield of 28.6% and promoted faba bean grain yield, but not significantly in monocropping and intercropping, with a LER of 1.15. Intercropping dropped disease incidence and disease index of faba bean fusarium wilt at late of drum grain stage. In the mature period, the pathogen to fungus ratio and the number of fusarium oxysporum and gene copy number were significantly lower than monocropped faba bean with respective drops of 47.7% and 35.54%. Intercropping bands number were more than monoculture. PCR-DGGE was applied to assess the microbial community sthructure. Intercropping improved the Shannon and McIntosh index, and reduced the Simpson index compared with monocropping. In comparison with monocropping, faba bean and wheat intercropping could alter the rhizosphere microbial community structure and reduce the number of the pathogenic bacteria, consequently, to effectively control the occurance of faba bean fusaruim wilt disease and increase crop yield and reflect intercropping advantage.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.16
title: The antioxidant capacities of ethanolic extract from traditional herbs in Sahatsakhan district, Kalasin province

description: This study was aim to evaluate the antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS+ assay and also to determine total phenolic (Folin-Ciocalteau) and flavonoid contents reaction with AlCl3 of crude extract from traditional herbs Yanangdang (Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib), Kha-min-creau (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr), Khum-peng-ged-chan (Salacia chinensis L.), Plao-yai (Croton oblongifolius Roxb.) and Ya-sam-khom (Scleria levis Retz.). The ethanolic extract of Yanangdang revealed that the highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as IC50 6.86 mg/L., 528.42 mgGAE/g DW and 168.39 mgQE/g DW, respectively. Kha-min-creau showed the highest scavenging activities in ABTS+ assay as 4.91 mg/L. The results indicated that the traditional herbs are a good natural source of antioxidant compounds for use as supplementary food.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.17
title: Using of alcohol-based and biomass pellet on tobacco leaves curing process

description: There are many factors limiting the fuel used in the flue-cured tobacco, such as the low precision of temperature and humidity control and high curing loss. In order to solve this problem and explore a new clean energy to achieve the purpose of improving the quality and efficiency and reducing the cost. The differences of temperature and humidity control, curing cost, quality loss of tobacco leaves and economic traits were compared between alcohol-based fuel and biomass pellets. The results showed that: alcohol-based fuel control of curing barn temperature and humidity more accurate, the actual temperature and humidity close to the curing process requirements. Compared with the biomass pellets, the curing weight loss and curing cost of the middle and upper leaves used alcohol-based fuel respectively lower 8.93% and 11.71%, 34.50% and 19.79%, the average price increase 3.20 yuan/kg and 1.06 yuan/kg, ratio of mid-high grade increase 9.45 and 2.54 percentage points, ratio of low grade decrease 3.39 and 2.53 percentage point, ratio of abandoned tobacco leaves decrease 6.03 percentage point. Tobacco leaves used alcohol-based fuel was strong chroma and rich in oil, chemical composition except the difference of two sugar and starch slightly higher, the other content was within the range of high-quality tobacco. In summary, alcohol-based fuels reduced the loss and cost of curing and improved the quality of tobacco, can be considered as a new energy on curing barn.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.8
title: Effect of rice varieties and germination time on melatonin and its derivative in rice

description: Melatonin is a hormone in the nervous system synthesize in the pineal gland of the brain. Melatonin in human plays an important role in regulating the biological rhythm of the body, improve the sleeping quality, and exhibits antioxidant activity. Melatonin can also be found in plants, but the concentration in plant is low. Therefore, the germination as one of several processes that can increase the amount of bioactive compounds in the plants was applied to investigate the effect of germination on changes of melatonin and its derivative content in rice. Five rice cultivars (paddy rice) including jasmine rice, waxy rice, red rice, purple waxy rice and riceberry rice were used. Rice samples were soaked for 24 h and then germinated in room temperature for four days. The germinated rice of each cultivar was sampled and took out every day. The samples were dried and milled to obtain brown rice prior to grinding to fine particle before analysis for melatonin and derivatives. The results showed that rice cultivars and germination time affected the content of melatonin in jasmine rice and riceberry rice while serotonin and tryptophan were significantly increased during germination. The highest melatonin content was found in red rice (3.52 ?g/g). The serotonin and tryptophan contents were 0.082 ?g/g and 0.449 ?g/g found in riceberry and purple waxy rice respectively. For the study on effect of germination time, the highest amount of melatonin was significantly increase after germinated for two days in all cultivars.
DOI: 10.14457/msu.res.2018.9
title: Effects of different phosphorus forms on phosphorus absorption and utilization of maize in red soil

description: Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different forms of phosphorus fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, yield, phosphorus uptake and accumulation dynamics and phosphorus utilization efficiency of maize. The response of maize with low phosphorus and red soil to diverse forms of phosphate fertilizer was discussed. The maize cultivar was 'Yun Rui 88'. There were different treatments (Do not apply phosphate fertilizer, CK), (superphosphate, SSP), (monoammonium phosphate, MAP), (diammonium phosphate, DAP), (calcium magnesium phosphate, CMP), which were same N, P, K nutrient that N was 250kg/hm2, K2O was 75kg/hm2, and P2O5 was 90kg/hm2. The results showed that under the condition of equal nutrient application, compared with SSP and CMP treatment, the application of DAP and MAP on the dry matter accumulation, the accumulation of phosphorus and yield and utilization efficiency phosphate fertilizer were higher in the trumpeting, heading and the ripening of the maize. Compared with SSP and CMP treatments, the dry matter accumulation and maturity of DAP increased by 46.73% and 72.85% respectively, and phosphorus accumulation increased by 68.75% and 100.47% at maturity stage. The accumulation of phosphorus in grains increased by 88.72% and 101.38% respectively. Compared with SSP and CMP, grain yield of DAP maize increased by 47.08% and 73.82% respectively. Partial productivity of maize phosphate fertilizer (PFPP) increased by 68.81% and 78.16%, and the agronomic efficiency (AEP) of maize phosphate fertilizer increased by 103.12% and 120.51%, respectively. Therefore, on the red soil with low phosphorus content, the response of maize phosphate fertilizer to the application of DAP and MAP treatment was better than that of SSP and CMP treatment.
DOI: 10.17632/h6v6tv66yw.1
title: Data and Code for: Trade-Induced Displacements and Local Labor Market Adjustments in the U.S.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1112
title: Direct CO2 ground condensers.

description: Paper published in poster form during the conference. The utilization of a direct condensing CO2 ground heat exchanger as an auxiliary heat rejection device for commercial or industrial refrigeration applications offers several advantages. During the cold season, and especially when periods with frost and snow occur, the heat can be utilized to keep roadways safe. During the summer, the ground temperature is lower than the ambient temperature during the hottest hours of a day, i.e. the heat rejection can be performed successively: first towards the ambient air and thereafter towards the ground. Many retail stores and distribution halls find it necessary to install snow melting devices in the ground below the area where trucks are loaded. They also install large condensers on the roof for rejecting surplus heat from the refrigeration system. To reduce installation costs and enhance energy efficiency, the two needs should be combined, and the heating performed directly via ground heat exchangers instead of implementing indirect systems as is often the case today. However, it is important to ensure safety and sufficient heat transfer for the concept to be applicable. It is found that this requires i.a. seamless pipes without welding joints in the ground, segmentation of the heat transfer area, service trenches and smart control.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1158
title: Operation of a portable cooling system integrated with thermal storage using a natural refrigerant.

description: Buildings have been identified as one of the most promising sectors for energy saving. An innovative portable cooling system (PCS) using vapor compression cycle is being developed to reduce building energy consumption in the range of 10-30%. The present article focuses on understanding the performance of this PCS with R290 as the refrigerant, in comparison to R134a which is currently used in the prototype. The condenser heat is stored in a helical coil heat exchanger embedded in PCM. The resultant processes of melting and solidification in PCM involve varying effects of natural convection and conduction. Empirical heat transfer coefficient (within 10% uncertainty) for melting is measured experimentally and then used in a dynamic Modelica-based model of the PCS, which is validated with experimental data. The model is then used to predict the operation with R290 to identify benefits and shortcomings of switching the refrigerant.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1164
title: Evaluating plate freezing of fish using natural refrigerants and comparison with numerical freezing model.

description: Paper published in poster form during the conference. This paper compares experimentally measured freezing time and predicted numerical freezing time in industrial CO2 plate freezer. The model uses a two-dimensional, heat capacity-temperature, finite difference method with constant temperature boundary conditions. Also, COP was estimated for two different systems using different refrigerants and evaporating temperatures. Freezing time and COP was used to calculate relative energy requirements for fish freezing and freezing capacity for the different system solutions. The numerical model demonstrated good agreement with experiments, with a difference in freezing time of only 3%. Results reveals that low temperature freezing, down to -50oC, require 51% and 20% more energy per kilo fish than for -30°C and -40°C, respectively, using R744. The higher energy consumption is due to lower COP, which are 1.8, 2.3 and 3.0 for the abovementioned temperatures for a two stage R744 system. However, capacity (kg frozen fish per hour) is increased by correspondingly 65% and 33%. Different freezing times results in varying refrigeration capacity, ranging from 47.9 to 25.9 kW for -50°C and -30°C, regardless of refrigerant.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1172
title: A CFD-based investigation of the two-phase R744 ejectors: flow pattern & nozzle design.

description: Paper published in poster form during the conference. Ejector is a promising device to recover throttling loss and increase system efficiency. A CFD-based numerical analysis of a two-phase R744 ejector is presented in this work. A numerical model based on a heterogeneous equilibrium approach is used to simulate the R744 ejector. Based on the experimental work, the numerical model is validated. The flow pattern inside the ejector is studied using the numerical method. The effect of the ejector's nozzle geometry on the ejector performance is discussed, and an optimization of the nozzle geometry is performed. Based on the experimental data, the numerical model predicts the motive mass flow rate and the suction pressure within an error margin of 7%. The optimization of the nozzle geometry can increase the ejector efficiency by 10.5%.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1188
title: Real operation of an innovative adsorption chiller prototype using water as refrigerant.

description: This paper presents a new adsorption chiller prototype, employing water as refrigerant, specifically developed to maximize the volumetric cooling power by using an advanced management strategy with different adsorption and desorption times. It consists of 3 adsorbers connected to a single evaporator and condenser. Moreover, hybrid adsorbers were realized embedding microporous Silica Gel loose grains into aluminum finned flat tube heat exchangers previously coated with the Mitsubishi AQSOA FAM Z02 sorbent. A wide experimental characterization campaign aimed at measuring the performance of the innovative cooling machine was carried out at CNR-ITAE by a test rig for thermally driven cooling/heating systems, under typical boundary conditions of air conditioning applications. At nominal operating conditions (i.e. TH~90°C, TL~18°C and TM~25°C), the chiller was able to deliver an average cooling power of 4.4 kW, an overall volumetric cooling power of 9.4 kW/m3, with a COP of 0.35.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1275
title: Transcritical single-phase CO2 ejector geometry optimisation by means of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and CFD models.

description: The effort made by researchers and companies to reduce the expected increment in the energy demand for cooling and air conditioning has arisen an interest in the ejector cooling cycles. Several typologies of ejector cooling cycles have been proposed by many researchers. However, the Coefficient Of Performance achieved by this type of cycles is still poor, mainly due to the poor ejector performance. Besides, the requirements imposed by the European Commission with the F-Gas Regulation have attracted extensive attention to the natural refrigerant CO2 for low and medium temperature applications. Trans-critical CO2 cycles, including ejectors, is a technology already being implemented but still with room for improvement. The objective of this work is to optimise the efficiency of a single-phase CO2 ejector by means of a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm coupled with a CFD model in which a real gas model has been implemented. The results showed a potential increment of 28% and 10% in the back pressure and the entrainment ratio, which are key parameters in the ejector efficiency.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1327
title: Defrost efficiency for ammonia air cooled evaporator systems.

description: This paper describes the results of measurements of defrost cycles. Three types of air-cooled evaporators are tested, i.e. bottom, top, and side feed. Two defrosting methods are tested, the more conventional pressure controlled method and the more energy efficient drain controlled method. The energy used throughout the defrost cycles is measured and compared for the different evaporator types and the defrosting methods. The energy used for melting the ice, heating and cooling the coil, heat convection to the room, and the hot gas bypass was measured. For the pressure control defrost method, the defrost efficiency was 21.6% and for the drain controlled defrost method the efficiency increased to 49.4% for the bottom feed evaporator. The drain controlled defrost efficiency for the other types of evaporators was nearly the same.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1390
title: Guidelines of how to instrument and measure and evaluate refrigeration systems in supermarkets: with focus on CO2 trans-critical booster systems.

description: Paper published in poster form during the conference. This paper reviews the guidelines of how to instrument, measure, monitor and evaluate refrigeration systems in supermarkets. The guidelines principles are firstly illustrated for a simple, single stage, refrigeration system: measurements requirements are analysed and the methodology to estimate refrigeration quantities are defined. Estimation for refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor power are more extensively described and their application on real field measurement data presented and discussed. The extension of the guidelines for a more complex refrigeration system is finally presented with focus on centralized systems providing cooling a multiple temperature levels: a HFC system with LT subcooler and a simple CO2 booster system.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1402
title: The LUCASZ CO2 cooling system at CERN and Cornell.

description: CO2 refrigerant will be used in phase 1 and 2 upgrades of the silicon detectors in LHCb, ATLAS and CMS experiments in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). To test prototypes and commission detector structures before their decent into the experimental cavern, a user friendly 2 kW mobile CO2 test station was developed at CERN together with Cornell University. LUCASZ (Light Use Cooling Appliance for Surface Zones) uses the patented I-2PACL method with an air-cooled chiller in one compact and movable design.
Due to the fruitful collaboration between CERN and Cornell University, design and commissioning of the first unit was completed at CERN within one year. The design, construction, and commissioning results of the first two units built at CERN and Cornell University will be discussed. Validated experimental results of the capacities and capabilities of the systems and the plans for future development and construction will be addressed.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1200
title: Analysis of the long-term suitability of ammonia chillers.

description: Low-charge, packaged, ammonia chillers provide a natural refrigerant option for the chiller market facing pressure to reduce the global warming impact of their systems. However, to make the most significant impact initially and for the life of the system, ammonia chillers must be able to deliver premium efficiency to assure the lowest indirect impact to the environment. Ammonia’s availability is not at risk of becoming scarce like hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) synthetic refrigerants; however, energy codes are always becoming more stringent and the most advantageous systems will stand the test of time from a chemical perspective and from a performance perspective. This paper looks at the life cycle costs of air-cooled, low-charge packaged ammonia chillers as compared to market alternatives. Ownership costs will be studied as they derive from capital costs, running costs, and costs for refrigerant, maintenance, and useful lifespan. Other factors will be explored such as design considerations, refrigerant availability, and facility operational impacts.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1249
title: Performance evaluation of plate heat exchanger with H2O/LiBr refrigerant.

description: In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of Water/Lithium bromide(LiBr) solution in the plate heat exchanger (PHE) for the absorption chiller application is evaluated. The plate heat exchanger is arranged in single-pass, counter flow and chevron angle of the corrugated plate is 78.5°. The H2O/LiBr solution as the working fluid was used with concentration ranging from 52.40% to 64.92%, Reynolds number ranging between 27.29 and 255.1 and Prandtl number ranging between 4.59 and 19.26. The experiment was conducted within ±10% energy balance error range. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient was evaluated ranging from 0.68 kW/m2-K to 2.92 kW/m2-K. Based on the experimental data, the empirical heat transfer correlation of the H2O/LiBr solution is developed and applicable within ±20% error range. By comparing with the correlations of the others, the validity of the heat transfer correlation of this study is validated.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.gl.2018.1363
title: The use of ejectors technology: how to boost efficiency in warm climates - a real example from Italy.

description: Since years CO2 has been identified as one of the best alternatives to HFCs in many sectors, including commercial refrigeration. However, due to some kind of unfavorable thermodynamic features, doubts have been arising about these systems efficiencies, especially in warmer climates. Nevertheless, the continuous system development has been leading toward new technical solutions, like parallel compression and ejectors: these new configurations and components have led to significant COP increase, especially in warmer climates. In this sense, some very successful examples have been ongoing since 2013. This work deals with and describes a real example of an Italian supermarket equipped with one of the most advanced refrigeration system which includes parallel compression, vapor and liquid ejectors; the system layout is described as well as the very many efficiency advantages which have been possible to achieve thanks to these new technologies deployment.