cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hmgqnk9f0
title: Famine related mortality in early life and accelerated life histories in 19th Century Belgium

description: Density-dependent and extrinsic mortality are predicted to accelerate
 reproductive maturation. The first 5 years of life is a proposed sensitive
 period for life-history regulation. This study examines the ways in which
 local mortality during this sensitive period was related to subsequent
 marriage timing in 19th Century Belgium (N women= 11,892; N men=14,140).
 Local mortality during the sensitive period was inversely associated with
 age at first marriage for men and women controlling for literacy,
 occupational status, population growth, and migration. Cox regression
 indicated decreased time to marriage for women (HR=1.661, 95% CI:
 1.542-1.789) and men (HR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.238-1.422) from high mortality
 municipalities. Rising population growth rates were associated with
 earlier marriage for men. Migration in general was associated with later
 marriage for men and women. Consistent with life history predictions,
 harsh ecological conditions such as famine coincided with earlier
 marriage.
description: Data were collected from population
 censuses, statistical yearbooks and civil registers. The study population
 (N women= 11,892; N men= 14,140) was selected based on a database of
 marriage certificates from the province of Flemish Brabant (then including
 the capital of Brussels) from people who were born throughout Belgium
 between 1841-1845. Individuals were distributed equally among the birth
 years (each birth cohort represents around 20% of the total sample).
 Mortality data were collected at the municipality level from population
 censuses and statistical yearbooks for the period 1841-1850. We obtained
 the mortality data as well as figures on number of marriages between
 1841-1900 and number of deaths between 1841-1850 from the Historical
 Databases of Local and Cadastral Statistics (LOKSTAT-POPPKAD), Ghent
 University, Quetelet Centre. We included women between 15-40 years and men
 between 15-50 years. In the following subsections, first the economic
 background is highlighted, and subsequently covariates are
 introduced.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34trz
title: Data for: Sociality and signaling activity modulate information flow in river otter communication networks

description: Animal communication networks are built from interactions between senders
 and receivers of signals. The drivers of signaling decisions, which are
 the building blocks of such networks, are not well understood. Theory
 predicts that conditions which ensure information spread to the largest
 possible number of receivers should be favored. Several carnivores use
 latrine sites for visual, olfactory and auditory signaling. We tested the
 hypotheses that signaling behavior at latrine sites is influenced by
 social structure and locally acquired information on the presence of
 conspecifics, using coastal river otters (Lontra canadensis), in Alaska.
 River otters exhibit a flexible social system of mostly males, that
 communicate through scent marking at latrines. During scent marking, river
 otters also perform feet stomping, which may add a visual component to
 their signal. Using trail camera footage, we found that solitary otters
 were more likely to perform both sniffing and scent marking compared to
 otters in groups. Feet stomping was more intense for solitary otters, but
 less pronounced during overmarking. Signalers demonstrated a greater
 tendency to scent-mark when in smaller groups at highly active latrines,
 whereas feet stomping was more intense in recently visited sites. When in
 groups, scent-marking frequency increased when other individuals were
 signaling, suggesting a positive feedback, possibly driven by feet
 stomping. In concert, our results suggest that in river otters,
 scent-marking decisions minimize signal dilution by being performed in
 small groups and maximize the receivers through preferential signaling at
 latrines with higher, more recent activity. Because signaling decisions in
 social animals are linked to key life history events such as mating and
 group membership shifts, understanding their individual and
 population-level drivers can be crucial.
description: The dataset has behavioral data from coastal Alaska river otters.
 It was collected by deploying camera traps in river otter latrine
 sites.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5dv41ns4g
title: Linkage maps and phenotypic data for Bainbridge et al. 2020

description: Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution
 of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies Mimetic
 systems allow us to address the question of whether the same genes control
 similar phenotypes in different species. Although widespread parallels
 have been found for major effect loci, much less is known about genes that
 control quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identify and
 compare the loci that control subtle changes in the size and shape of
 forewing pattern elements in two Heliconius butterfly co-mimics. We use
 quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis with a multivariate phenotyping
 approach to map the variation in red pattern elements across the whole
 forewing surface of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene. These
 results are compared to a QTL analysis of univariate trait changes, and
 show that our resolution for identifying small effect loci is somewhat
 improved with the multivariate approach, but also that different loci are
 detected with these different approaches. QTL likely corresponding to the
 known patterning gene optix were found in both species but otherwise, a
 remarkably low level of genetic parallelism was found. This lack of
 similarity indicates that the genetic basis of convergent traits may not
 be as predictable as assumed from studies that focus solely on Mendelian
 traits.
description: Linkage maps were created using Lep-MAP3 software, then converted
 into the format ready for analysis in R using package R/qtl.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18fx
title: Differential tissue stiffness of body column facilitates locomotion of Hydra on solid substrates

description: The bell-shaped members of Cnidaria typically move around by swimming,
 whereas the Hydra polyp can perform locomotion on solid substrates in an
 aquatic environment. To address the biomechanics of locomotion on rigid
 substrates, we studied the 'somersaulting' locomotion in Hydra.
 We applied atomic force microscopy to measure the local mechanical
 properties of Hydra's body column and identified the existence of
 differential Young's modulus between the shoulder region versus rest
 of the body column at 3:1 ratio. We show that somersault primarily depends
 on differential tissue stiffness of the body column and is explained by
 computational models that accurately recapitulate the mechanics involved
 in this process. We demonstrate that perturbation of the observed
 stiffness variation in the body column by modulating the extracellular
 matrix (ECM) polymerization impairs the 'somersault' movement.
 These results provide mechanistic basis for the evolutionary significance
 of differential extracellular matrix properties and tissue stiffness.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrmp
title: Data from: A new data-driven mathematical model dissociates attractiveness from sexual dimorphism of human faces

description: Human facial attractiveness is evaluated by using multiple cues. Among
 others, sexual dimorphism (i.e. masculinity for male faces/femininity for
 female faces) is an influential factor of perceived attractiveness. Since
 facial attractiveness is judged by incorporating sexually dimorphic traits
 as well as other cues, it is theoretically possible to dissociate sexual
 dimorphism from facial attractiveness. This study tested this by using a
 data-driven mathematical modelling approach. We first analysed the
 correlation between perceived masculinity/femininity and attractiveness
 ratings for 400 computer-generated male and female faces (Experiment 1)
 and found positive correlations between perceived femininity and
 attractiveness for both male and female faces. Using these results, we
 manipulated a set of faces along the attractiveness dimension while
 controlling for sexual dimorphism by orthogonalisation with data-driven
 mathematical models (Experiment 2). Our results revealed that perceived
 attractiveness and sexual dimorphism are dissociable, suggesting that
 there are as yet unidentified facial cues other than sexual dimorphism
 that contribute to facial attractiveness. Future studies can investigate
 the true preference of sexual dimorphism or the genuine effects of
 attractiveness by using well-controlled facial stimuli like those that
 this study generated. The findings will be of benefit to the further
 understanding of what makes a face attractive.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ncjsxkssc
title: Floral traits and pollinator visit data of the manuscript "Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation"

description: The manuscript Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral
 attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation has
 both field and lab data. This data file has the raw data for pollinator
 visit, flower diameter, and pollen count. Floral volatiles data set is in
 the form of a table in the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1g1jwstt6
title: What matters for the job performance of field advisors: a case from Madhupur Sal forest, Bangladesh

description: This study analyzed the determinants of the job performance of field
 advisors who were working in a remote forest area. A stakeholder analysis
 was conducted to identify advisory organizations working in the Madhupur
 Sal forest, Tangail, Bangladesh. Data from 87 field advisors were
 collected in face-to-face interviews. The binary logistic regression was
 performed to identify the factors affecting the performance of the field
 advisors. Various factors drove the performance of field staff at
 organizational and individual level. Important organizational-level
 variables were coordination with other organizations, existence of
 economic incentives for fieldwork, presence of monitoring and evaluation
 system, total number of staff, staff training, presence of a punishment
 and reward system, existence of travel allowance, and access to computer
 and internet facilities. Variables at individual level included the
 interaction with forest researchers and the use of a group approach for
 information sharing as significant determinants of satisfactory
 performance of field advisors.
description: This study adopted a
 quantitative research approach and relied on questionnaire design to
 obtain the necessary data from face-to-face interviews with field advisors
 of various extension organizations from November to December
 2016. Before the interviews, a
 stakeholder analysis was conducted with 16 local forest dwellers to
 identify the organizations that had an extension and advisory function.
 A snowball sampling
 approach was used to detect 87 field advisors. Snowball sampling can be
 described as a technique for collecting research topics by defining an
 initial subject which will be used to name other actors (Lewis-Beck et
 al., 2004). In the context of this study, the snowball approach was used
 as a comprehensive list of field-level extension staff was not
 available. Therefore, after
 identifying and collecting the necessary data from the first field staff
 of each extension organization, I asked them to help identify the location
 (name, address and cell number) of other advisors. I follow up then with
 new interviewees. It is important to note
 that all field advisors have been selected from the micro-context of the
 study area using snowball sampling.
description: This data set is part of a published article. If anyone wants to
 reuse the data for further clarification, they can utilize the
 data.  In the data set, the value 1 indicates the
 'yes' and 0 indicates the 'no' responses of the study
 sample.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.x3ffbg7gv
title: Do novel insecticides pose a threat to beneficial insects?

description: Systemic insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are a major contributor
 towards beneficial insect declines. This has led to bans and restrictions
 on neonicotinoid use globally, most noticeably in the Europe Union, where
 four commonly-used neonicotinoids are banned from outside agricultural
 use. While this might seem like a victory for conservation, restrictions
 on neonicotinoid use will only benefit insect populations if newly
 emerging insecticides do not have similar negative impacts on beneficial
 insects. Flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor are two novel insecticides that
 have been registered for use globally, including within the European
 Union. These novel insecticides differ in their chemical class, but share
 the same mode of action as neonicotinoids, raising the question as to
 whether they have similar sub-lethal impacts on beneficial insects. Here,
 we conducted a systematic literature review of the potential sub-lethal
 impacts of these novel insecticides on beneficial insects, quantifying
 these effects with a meta-analysis. We demonstrate that both
 flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor have significant sub-lethal impacts on
 beneficial insects at field-realistic levels of exposure. These results
 confirm that bans on neonicotinoid use will only protect beneficial
 insects if paired with significant changes to the agrochemical regulatory
 process. A failure to modify the regulatory process will result in a
 continued decline of beneficial insects, and the ecosystem services, on
 which global food production relies.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.krvnsj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3472 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Stellera"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3472 records from 96 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002561-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3k3
title: Mountain goat molt from community photographs

description: Participatory approaches, such as community photography, can engage the
 public in questions of societal and scientific interest while helping
 advance understanding of ecological patterns and processes. We combined
 data extracted from community-sourced, spatially-explicit photographs with
 research findings from 2018 fieldwork in the Yukon, Canada, to evaluate
 winter coat molt patterns and phenology in mountain goats (Oreamnos
 americanus), a cold-adapted, alpine mammal. Leveraging the community
 science portals iNaturalist and CitSci, in less than a year we amassed a
 database of almost seven hundred unique photographs spanning some 4500 kms
 between latitudes 37.6°N and 61.1°N from 0m to 4333m elevation. Using
 statistical methods accounting for incomplete data, a common issue in
 community science data sets, we identified the effects of intrinsic (sex
 and presence of offspring) and broad environmental (latitude and
 elevation) factors on molt onset and rate and compared our findings with
 published data. Shedding occurred over a 3-month period between May 29 and
 September 6. Effects of sex and offspring on the timing of molt were
 consistent between the community-sourced and our Yukon data and with
 findings on wild mountain goats at a long-term research site in
 west-central Alberta, Canada. Males molted first, followed by females
 without offspring (4.4 days later in the coarse-grained,
 geographically-wide community science sample; 29.2 days later in our
 fine-grained Yukon sample) and lastly females with new kids (6.2; 21.2
 days later, respectively). Shedding was later at higher elevations and
 faster at northern latitudes. Our findings establish a basis for employing
 community photography to examine broad-scale questions about the timing of
 ecological events, as well as sex differences in response to possible
 climate drivers. In addition, community photography can help inspire
 public participation in environmental and outdoor activities specifically
 with reference to iconic wildlife. 
description: Photographs were collected through crowd-sourcing,
 camera-trapping and taking photos of mountain goats.
 Please see the manuscript and html files for detail.
description: Longitude has been obscured for privacy reasons.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8gx8fx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1546 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Areca catechu"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1546 records from 124 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002563-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf1z9
title: A narrow window for geographic cline analysis using genomic data: effects of age, drift, and migration on error rates

description: The use of genomic and phenotypic data to scan for outliers is a mainstay
 for studies of hybridization and speciation. Geographic cline analysis of
 natural hybrid zones is widely used to identify putative signatures of
 selection by detecting deviations from baseline patterns of introgression.
 As with other outlier-based approaches, demographic histories can make
 neutral regions appear to be under selection and vice versa. In this
 study, we use a forward-time individual-based simulation approach to
 evaluate the robustness of geographic cline analysis under different
 evolutionary scenarios. We modeled multiple stepping-stone hybrid zones
 with distinct age, deme sizes, and migration rates, and evolving under
 different types of selection.  We found that drift
 distorts cline shapes and increases false positive rates for signatures of
 selection. This effect increases with hybrid zone age, particularly if
 migration between demes is low.  Drift can also distort
 the signature of deleterious effects of hybridization, with genetic
 incompatibilities and particularly underdominance prone to spurious typing
 as adaptive introgression. Our results suggest that geographic clines are
 most useful for outlier analysis in young hybrid zones with large
 populations of hybrid individuals. Current approaches may overestimate
 adaptive introgression and underestimate selection against maladaptive
 genotypes.
description: Our simulated dataset consisted of 36 types of hybrid zones,
 simulated in Admix'em. 12 without selection, 12 with directional
 selection and underdominance, and 12 with BDM interactions. We
 calculated average allele frequencies per marker per deme, and average
 genome wide hybrid index per deme. We then fitted geographic clines in all
 markers. A marker was considered an outlier if the 95% confidence
 intervals from either center or width, did not overlap with the confidence
 intervals from the genome-wide average cline. With this process we
 categorized all marker than did not underwent selection in the simulations
 as false positives or true negatives. We categorized markers simulated
 under directional selection as false negatives or true positives. And we
 categorized markers under underdominance and in a BDM incompatibility
 as false negatives, true positives, or spurious outliers.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.79cnp5hst
title: Data from: Rapid evolution and plasticity of genitalia

description: Genital morphology exhibits tremendous variation and is intimately linked
 with fitness. Sexual selection, nonmating natural selection, and neutral
 forces have been explored as potential drivers of genital divergence.
 Though less explored, genitalia may also be plastic in response to the
 developmental environment. In poeciliid fishes, the length of the male
 intromittent organ, the gonopodium, may be driven by sexual selection if
 longer gonopodia attract females or aid in forced copulation attempts, or
 by nonmating natural selection if shorter gonopodia allow predator
 evasion. The rearing environment may also affect gonopodium development.
 Using an experimental introduction of Trinidadian guppies into four
 replicate streams with reduced predation risk, we tested whether this new
 environment caused the evolution of genitalia. We  measured
 gonopodium length after rearing the source and introduced populations for
 two generations in the laboratory to remove maternal and other
 environmental effects. We split full-sibling brothers into different
 rearing treatments to additionally test for developmental plasticity of
 gonopodia in response to predator cues and food levels as well as the
 evolution of plasticity. The introduced populations had shorter gonopodia
 after accounting for body size, demonstrating rapid genital evolution in
 2-3 years (8-12 generations). Brothers reared on low food levels had
 longer gonopodia relative to body size than those on high food, reflecting
 maintenance of gonopodium length despite a reduction in body size. In
 contrast, gonopodium length was not significantly different in response to
 the presence or absence of predator cues. Because the plastic response to
 low food was maintained between the source and introduced populations,
 there was no evidence that plasticity evolved. This study demonstrates the
 importance of both evolution and developmental plasticity in explaining
 genital variation.
description: data used for analyses original data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xw6
title: North American winter season (Nov-Mar) 500 mb geopotential height classification scheme, 1979-2018

description: This dataset comes from a study that investigated the link between
 atmospheric circulation patterns and deep persistent slab avalanches for
 three study sites in the western United States: Bridger
 Bowl, MT; Jackson Hole, WY; and Mammoth Mountain, CA. We used
 Self-organizing maps to generate 20 synoptic types that
 summarize the primary modes of atmospheric
 variability for 5,899 daily 500 mb geopotential height charts on record
 for the  North American winter season (Nov. 1 - Mar.
 31) from 1979-2017. We summarize median daily precipitation
 totals, daily maximum, and daily minimum temperatures observed
 for each synoptic type, and identify circulation patterns that occur
 frequently during Nov.-Dec of seasons that recorded unusually high deep
 persistent slab avalanche activity. We also find specific synoptic types
 that occur more frequently in the days immediately prior to deep slab
 events. This work provides practitioners with a better understanding of
 the processes leading to deep persistent slab avalanches, thus improving
 our ability to anticipate these difficult to predict events. Furthermore,
 we provide a conceptual model to apply this study at any site faced with
 similar hazard, and equipped with long-term meteorological and avalanche
 records.
description: Atmospheric data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder,
 Colorado, USA, from their website at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The classification scheme was generated using self-organizing maps, implemented with the kohonen package in R. 
description: This dataset contains 20 synoptic types that summarize the main
 modes of atmospheric variability over North America during the winter
 seasons (Nov. 1- Mar 31) from 1979-2018. We used Self-organizing maps to
 classify daily 500-milibar geopotential height maps on a 2.5 x 2.5 degree
 grid extending from 20N to 70N and 160E to 60W.