cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670997.v1
title: Water Erosion in a Long-Term Soil Management Experiment with a Humic Cambisol

description: ABSTRACT Water erosion, the main factor in soil degradation, is strongly influenced by soil cover and management. The objective of this study was to determine soil and water losses under natural rainfall conditions from 1993 to 2012 in the southern Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil, in 3.5 × 22.1 m plots with crops in rotation to study the following management treatments: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and a treatment with bare soil (BS). The soil cover remaining after tillage was negatively affected by the increase in soil tillage intensity. Soil losses were strongly affected by the management system, while water losses were less affected. Soil losses were 85.29, 6.41, 2.00, and 0.82 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the BS, CT, MT, and NT treatments, respectively, while water losses were 38, 24, 15, and 9 % of the rainfall, respectively, in the annual mean. Soil losses in spring/summer were similar to those of autumn/winter in the CT, MT, and NT treatments, while water losses were influenced by the time of year in all soil management systems. The accumulated soil losses in the MT and NT treatments tended to stabilize over the period evaluated, whereas they increased an average of 88.12 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the BS and 7.23 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the CT treatments. The accumulated water losses had a linear response, with positive angular coefficients for all treatments. The relationship between annual soil and water loss data was significant in the BS treatment; in the CT, MT, and NT treatments, this relation was not significant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670994
title: Hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions in Pelotas, Brazil: 1998 to 2012

description: ABSTRACT: Objective: To verify the hospitalization trend for primary care sensitive-conditions in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil from 1998 to 2012. Methods: An ecological study compared hospitalizations rates of the city of Pelotas with the rest of state of Rio Grande do Sul. Analysis was conducted using direct standardization of rates, coefficients were stratified by sex and the Poisson regression was used. Results: Hospitalizations for sensitive conditions decreased in Pelotas and Rio Grande do Sul. In Pelotas, a 63.8% decrease was detected in the period observed, and there was a 43.1% decrease in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Poisson regression coefficients showed a decrease of 7% in Pelotas and of 4% in the rest of Rio Grande do Sul each year. Conclusion: During the study period, several changes were introduced in the Brazilian Unified Health System (“Sistema Único de Saúde”) that may have influenced the results, including changes in administration, health funding, and a complete reworking of primary care through the creation of the Family Health Strategy program (“Estratégia Saúde da Família”).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670994.v1
title: Hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions in Pelotas, Brazil: 1998 to 2012

description: ABSTRACT: Objective: To verify the hospitalization trend for primary care sensitive-conditions in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil from 1998 to 2012. Methods: An ecological study compared hospitalizations rates of the city of Pelotas with the rest of state of Rio Grande do Sul. Analysis was conducted using direct standardization of rates, coefficients were stratified by sex and the Poisson regression was used. Results: Hospitalizations for sensitive conditions decreased in Pelotas and Rio Grande do Sul. In Pelotas, a 63.8% decrease was detected in the period observed, and there was a 43.1% decrease in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Poisson regression coefficients showed a decrease of 7% in Pelotas and of 4% in the rest of Rio Grande do Sul each year. Conclusion: During the study period, several changes were introduced in the Brazilian Unified Health System (“Sistema Único de Saúde”) that may have influenced the results, including changes in administration, health funding, and a complete reworking of primary care through the creation of the Family Health Strategy program (“Estratégia Saúde da Família”).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670991
title: Teledermatology in Medical Practice

description: ABSTRACT Background Skin diseases are a common cause of service demand on the primary health care system and the majority of these services are not performed by dermatologists. In general, insufficient undergraduate training is reflected in clinical performance and, consequently, in the referenced services, resulting in increased cost. Teledermatology is the practice of dermatology using information technology and communication systems. It consists of information exchanges between a dermatologist and general practitioners (secondary teledermatology) – either simultaneously or sequentially and in different geographical locations. Secondary Teledermatology promises a more efficient, reasonable and faster treatment in dermatological care, despite insufficient evidence regarding the clinical course of the disease. Objective To review the scientific literature which presents evidence of secondary teledermatology in medical practice. Method Review of the literature from 1999 to 2014 on clinical trials, observational studies, reviews and systematic reviews identified in PubMed on secondary. teledermatology in medical practice. In addition to these studies, we have included more recent clinical trials in Brazil on the accuracy or agreement of diagnoses made through secondary teledermatology found in the Lilacs bibliographic database, during the same period as well as other relevant studies from other databases regarding medical education and demographics. Results The 11 most recent and/or relevant studies in relation to the sample and clinical standard of diagnosis were included. The result of this review was divided into four topics: teledermatology efficiency in primary health care; accuracy, compliance or reliability of the teledermatology diagnosis in primary health care in relation to face-to-face dermatology consultation; patient satisfaction and quality of life; and cost of teledermatology in primary health care. Most of these studies reported good efficiency and diagnostic accuracy with lower costs and better quality of life for patients, in particular for those living in rural areas. Conclusion Dermatology is inaccessible without management. We must identify situations in which secondary teledermatology works best, as in remote or underserved areas, allowing patients to have access to dermatologists. The efficiency and accuracy of the diagnoses made through secondary teledermatology is inferior to face-to-face dermatological consultation, but more efficient than the dermatological visits provided by general practitioners.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670991.v1
title: Teledermatology in Medical Practice

description: ABSTRACT Background Skin diseases are a common cause of service demand on the primary health care system and the majority of these services are not performed by dermatologists. In general, insufficient undergraduate training is reflected in clinical performance and, consequently, in the referenced services, resulting in increased cost. Teledermatology is the practice of dermatology using information technology and communication systems. It consists of information exchanges between a dermatologist and general practitioners (secondary teledermatology) – either simultaneously or sequentially and in different geographical locations. Secondary Teledermatology promises a more efficient, reasonable and faster treatment in dermatological care, despite insufficient evidence regarding the clinical course of the disease. Objective To review the scientific literature which presents evidence of secondary teledermatology in medical practice. Method Review of the literature from 1999 to 2014 on clinical trials, observational studies, reviews and systematic reviews identified in PubMed on secondary. teledermatology in medical practice. In addition to these studies, we have included more recent clinical trials in Brazil on the accuracy or agreement of diagnoses made through secondary teledermatology found in the Lilacs bibliographic database, during the same period as well as other relevant studies from other databases regarding medical education and demographics. Results The 11 most recent and/or relevant studies in relation to the sample and clinical standard of diagnosis were included. The result of this review was divided into four topics: teledermatology efficiency in primary health care; accuracy, compliance or reliability of the teledermatology diagnosis in primary health care in relation to face-to-face dermatology consultation; patient satisfaction and quality of life; and cost of teledermatology in primary health care. Most of these studies reported good efficiency and diagnostic accuracy with lower costs and better quality of life for patients, in particular for those living in rural areas. Conclusion Dermatology is inaccessible without management. We must identify situations in which secondary teledermatology works best, as in remote or underserved areas, allowing patients to have access to dermatologists. The efficiency and accuracy of the diagnoses made through secondary teledermatology is inferior to face-to-face dermatological consultation, but more efficient than the dermatological visits provided by general practitioners.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670985
title: Effect of foliar fungicide and plant spacing on the expression of lipoxygenase enzyme and grain rot in maize hybrids

description: ABSTRACT. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of fungicide application on grain rot in commercial maize hybrids and the relation between grain rot and the expression of lipoxygenase enzyme in grain in conventional row spacing of 0.70 m and reduced row spacing of 0.45 m. Treatments were made in a 3 x 8 factorial scheme, using three forms of management with fungicide (Trifloxystrobin + Prothioconazole) and eight maize hybrids divided into two groups (tolerant and susceptible) with three repetitions, totaling 72 plots in each environment (conventional and reduced spacing) in the 2013/2014 crop. The following characteristics were evaluated: grain rot percentage and lipoxygenase enzyme expression (LOX) in the grain. The hybrid and the fungicide utilized influenced the grain rot percentage. Grain rot percentage was reduced by the use of the fungicide, and the highest reduction was in susceptible hybrids with two applications, V8 and V8+VT. There was higher expression of LOX enzyme in maize hybrids that belong to the group tolerant of fungi that cause grain rot .The use of the fungicide in two applications, V8 (eight leaves) and VT (tasseling), increased the intensity of the LOX enzyme, which was more evident for the reduced spacing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670985.v1
title: Effect of foliar fungicide and plant spacing on the expression of lipoxygenase enzyme and grain rot in maize hybrids

description: ABSTRACT. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of fungicide application on grain rot in commercial maize hybrids and the relation between grain rot and the expression of lipoxygenase enzyme in grain in conventional row spacing of 0.70 m and reduced row spacing of 0.45 m. Treatments were made in a 3 x 8 factorial scheme, using three forms of management with fungicide (Trifloxystrobin + Prothioconazole) and eight maize hybrids divided into two groups (tolerant and susceptible) with three repetitions, totaling 72 plots in each environment (conventional and reduced spacing) in the 2013/2014 crop. The following characteristics were evaluated: grain rot percentage and lipoxygenase enzyme expression (LOX) in the grain. The hybrid and the fungicide utilized influenced the grain rot percentage. Grain rot percentage was reduced by the use of the fungicide, and the highest reduction was in susceptible hybrids with two applications, V8 and V8+VT. There was higher expression of LOX enzyme in maize hybrids that belong to the group tolerant of fungi that cause grain rot .The use of the fungicide in two applications, V8 (eight leaves) and VT (tasseling), increased the intensity of the LOX enzyme, which was more evident for the reduced spacing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670982
title: Facial profile esthetics in operated children with bilateral cleft lip and palate

description: ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial profile esthetics of rehabilitated children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), comparing the judgment of professionals related and not related to cleft rehabilitation and laypersons. Methods: Thirty children in the mixed dentition (24 male; 6 female) with a mean age of 7.8 years were evaluated using facial profile photographs by 25 examiners: 5 orthodontists and 5 plastic surgeons with experience in cleft care, 5 orthodontists and 5 plastic surgeons without experience in oral cleft rehabilitation and 5 graduated laymen. Their facial profiles were classified into esthetically unpleasant (grade 1 to 3), esthetically acceptable (grade 4 to 6), and esthetically pleasant (grade 7 to 9). Intraexaminer and interexaminer errors were evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficient and Kendall’s test, respectively. Inter-rater differences were analyzed using Friedman test and Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons. Results: Orthodontists dealing with oral clefts rehabilitation considered the majority of the sample as esthetically pleasant. Plastic surgeons of the cleft team and laypersons classified most of the sample as esthetically acceptable. Most of the orthodontists and plastic surgeons not related to cleft care evaluated the facial profile as esthetically unpleasant. The structures associated to unpleasant profiles were the nose, the midface and the upper lip. Conclusions: The facial profile of children with BCLP was classified as esthetically acceptable by laypersons. Professionals related to cleft rehabilitation were more lenient and those not related to cleft care were stricter to facial esthetics than laypersons.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670979
title: Effect of surface treatment of prefabricated teeth on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

description: ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of grinding, drilling, sandblasting, and ageing prefabricated teeth (PfT) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets, as well as the effects of surface treatments on the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Methods: One-hundred-ninety-two PfT were divided into four groups (n = 48): Group 1, no surface treatment was done; Group 2, grinding was performed with a cylindrical diamond bur; Group 3, two drillings were done with a spherical diamond bur; Group 4, sandblasting was performed with 50-µm aluminum oxide. Before the experiment, half of the samples stayed immersed in distilled water at 37oC for 90 days. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT and shear strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine. SBS were compared by surface treatment and by ageing with two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. ARI scores were compared between surface treatments with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Results: Surface treatments on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets (p&lt; 0.01), result not observed with ageing (p= 0.45). Groups II, III, and IV showed higher SBS and greater ARI than the Group 1 (p&lt; 0.05). SBS was greater in the groups 3 and 4 (drilling, sandblasting) than in the Group 2 (grinding) (p&lt; 0.05). SBS and ARI showed a positive correlation (Spearman’s R2= 0.57; p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Surface treatment on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets, however ageing did not show any relevance. Sandblasting and drilling showed greater SBS than grinding. There was a positive correlation between SBS and ARI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670979.v1
title: Effect of surface treatment of prefabricated teeth on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

description: ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of grinding, drilling, sandblasting, and ageing prefabricated teeth (PfT) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets, as well as the effects of surface treatments on the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Methods: One-hundred-ninety-two PfT were divided into four groups (n = 48): Group 1, no surface treatment was done; Group 2, grinding was performed with a cylindrical diamond bur; Group 3, two drillings were done with a spherical diamond bur; Group 4, sandblasting was performed with 50-µm aluminum oxide. Before the experiment, half of the samples stayed immersed in distilled water at 37oC for 90 days. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT and shear strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine. SBS were compared by surface treatment and by ageing with two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. ARI scores were compared between surface treatments with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Results: Surface treatments on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets (p&lt; 0.01), result not observed with ageing (p= 0.45). Groups II, III, and IV showed higher SBS and greater ARI than the Group 1 (p&lt; 0.05). SBS was greater in the groups 3 and 4 (drilling, sandblasting) than in the Group 2 (grinding) (p&lt; 0.05). SBS and ARI showed a positive correlation (Spearman’s R2= 0.57; p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Surface treatment on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets, however ageing did not show any relevance. Sandblasting and drilling showed greater SBS than grinding. There was a positive correlation between SBS and ARI.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670976
title: The Teaching of Clinical Skills and the Applicability of a Simplified Guide for Physical Examination in the Undergraduate Medical Program

description: ABSTRACT Introduction In spite of technological advances, anamnesis and physical examination are still the most important and effective early diagnostic tools in any clinical case. However, many students graduate in medicine lacking these essential skills. The absence of a standardized physical examination is one of the main difficulties in the teaching-learning process. Objective To evaluate the clinical skills of medical intern students and the applicability of a simplified physical examination guide for improving these skills. Methods This was an analytical and quantitative-approach study, which compared before-and-after information among general medicine student interns from January to February 2014. The students were trained with the simplified guide for a 3-week period and their clinical examination was evaluated in 13 items: vital signs, examination of oral cavity, fundoscopy, otoscopy, thyroid examination, cardiovascular examination, pulmonary examination, abdominal exam, lymph nodes, anthropometric measurements, ankle-brachial index (ABI), neurological examination, examination of the breasts or testicles (examination of breasts for female patients and testicles for male patients). The result of the evaluation of each item was classified into 3 categories: complete evaluation, partial evaluation and no evaluation. Results A total of 31 students participated. Significant improvement was found in almost all items in relation to the complete evaluation after training with the guide: cardiovascular system (3.23% versus 74.19%, before and after training, respectively, p &lt; 0.01), pulmonary system (22.58% versus 90.32%, p &lt; 0.01), abdominal exam (22.58% versus 74.19%, p = 0.01), vital signs (16.13% versus 100%, p &lt; 0.01), palpation of lymph nodes (6.45% versus 77.42%, p &lt; 0.01), neurological examination (0% versus 22.58%, p = 0.02), thyroid palpation (0% versus 61.29%, p &lt; 0.01), examination of oral cavity (6.45% versus 67.74%, p &lt; 0.01), anthropometric measurements (0% versus 45.16%, p &lt; 0.01), breast examination (0% versus 36.84%, p = 0.02), fundoscopy (0% versus 32.26%, p &lt; 0.01), evaluation of the ankle-brachial index (0% versus 83.87%, p &lt; 0.01), examination of the testicles (0% versus 8.33%, p = 1.0). An increase of 280.7% was also observed in the students’ median score after training (1.92 versus 7.31 points, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation between student performance and time on the medical course (R2 = 0.1242; P = 0.0515). Conclusions There is a large deficit in teaching clinical skills during undergraduate medical courses. As an effective solution, a simplified sequential clinical examination guide can serve as training for medical students.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670976.v1
title: The Teaching of Clinical Skills and the Applicability of a Simplified Guide for Physical Examination in the Undergraduate Medical Program

description: ABSTRACT Introduction In spite of technological advances, anamnesis and physical examination are still the most important and effective early diagnostic tools in any clinical case. However, many students graduate in medicine lacking these essential skills. The absence of a standardized physical examination is one of the main difficulties in the teaching-learning process. Objective To evaluate the clinical skills of medical intern students and the applicability of a simplified physical examination guide for improving these skills. Methods This was an analytical and quantitative-approach study, which compared before-and-after information among general medicine student interns from January to February 2014. The students were trained with the simplified guide for a 3-week period and their clinical examination was evaluated in 13 items: vital signs, examination of oral cavity, fundoscopy, otoscopy, thyroid examination, cardiovascular examination, pulmonary examination, abdominal exam, lymph nodes, anthropometric measurements, ankle-brachial index (ABI), neurological examination, examination of the breasts or testicles (examination of breasts for female patients and testicles for male patients). The result of the evaluation of each item was classified into 3 categories: complete evaluation, partial evaluation and no evaluation. Results A total of 31 students participated. Significant improvement was found in almost all items in relation to the complete evaluation after training with the guide: cardiovascular system (3.23% versus 74.19%, before and after training, respectively, p &lt; 0.01), pulmonary system (22.58% versus 90.32%, p &lt; 0.01), abdominal exam (22.58% versus 74.19%, p = 0.01), vital signs (16.13% versus 100%, p &lt; 0.01), palpation of lymph nodes (6.45% versus 77.42%, p &lt; 0.01), neurological examination (0% versus 22.58%, p = 0.02), thyroid palpation (0% versus 61.29%, p &lt; 0.01), examination of oral cavity (6.45% versus 67.74%, p &lt; 0.01), anthropometric measurements (0% versus 45.16%, p &lt; 0.01), breast examination (0% versus 36.84%, p = 0.02), fundoscopy (0% versus 32.26%, p &lt; 0.01), evaluation of the ankle-brachial index (0% versus 83.87%, p &lt; 0.01), examination of the testicles (0% versus 8.33%, p = 1.0). An increase of 280.7% was also observed in the students’ median score after training (1.92 versus 7.31 points, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation between student performance and time on the medical course (R2 = 0.1242; P = 0.0515). Conclusions There is a large deficit in teaching clinical skills during undergraduate medical courses. As an effective solution, a simplified sequential clinical examination guide can serve as training for medical students.