cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26076648
title: Deep origin of articulation strategies in panarthropods: evidence from a new luolishaniid lobopodian (Panarthropoda) from the Tulip Beds, Burgess Shale

description: The evolution of articulated sclerites via soft membranes, termed arthrodization, is arguably one of the most critical innovations in animals. Defining the megaphylum Arthropoda, the arthrodization of appendages, or arthropodization, likely predated that of the body, the combination of both being diagnostic of true arthropods (Euarthropoda) – all of these innovations occurring during the Cambrian explosion. Here, thanks to dozens of exceptionally preserved fossils from the Cambrian Wuliuan Stage Burgess Shale (Tulip Beds locality on Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada), we show that a distinct but comparable system of imbricated sclerotic elements evolved in the paraphyletic sister group of arthropods, the lobopodians. <i>Entothyreos synnaustrus</i> gen. et sp. nov. has characteristic body plan features of the Collinsovermidae (order Luolishaniida), including anterior limbs for suspension-feeding and stout anchoring posterior limbs. Uniquely, however, <i>E. synnaustrus</i> also displays segmental sclerotic sheets along the trunk, covered in a thin layer of integument, as well as overlapping sclerotized annuli on posterior-most limbs. While the latter elements likely served a protective function, the dorsolateral trunk sheets, which also carry spines, may have facilitated body erection and suspension-feeding. Other luolishaniids possess separate ring-like structures connecting the base of metameric spines which are covered by the apical layer of the lobopodian integument. <i>E. synnaustrus</i> and related taxa illustrate, therefore, an arguably parallel evolution of arthropod-like morphoanatomical features early during the rise of panarthropods. This finding broadens our perspectives on the uniqueness of major synapomorphies and the importance of including canalization in macroevolutionary narratives. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org.pub:D4A01784-E587-481A-AB04-A812B4AAE422
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26076648.v1
title: Deep origin of articulation strategies in panarthropods: evidence from a new luolishaniid lobopodian (Panarthropoda) from the Tulip Beds, Burgess Shale

description: The evolution of articulated sclerites via soft membranes, termed arthrodization, is arguably one of the most critical innovations in animals. Defining the megaphylum Arthropoda, the arthrodization of appendages, or arthropodization, likely predated that of the body, the combination of both being diagnostic of true arthropods (Euarthropoda) – all of these innovations occurring during the Cambrian explosion. Here, thanks to dozens of exceptionally preserved fossils from the Cambrian Wuliuan Stage Burgess Shale (Tulip Beds locality on Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada), we show that a distinct but comparable system of imbricated sclerotic elements evolved in the paraphyletic sister group of arthropods, the lobopodians. <i>Entothyreos synnaustrus</i> gen. et sp. nov. has characteristic body plan features of the Collinsovermidae (order Luolishaniida), including anterior limbs for suspension-feeding and stout anchoring posterior limbs. Uniquely, however, <i>E. synnaustrus</i> also displays segmental sclerotic sheets along the trunk, covered in a thin layer of integument, as well as overlapping sclerotized annuli on posterior-most limbs. While the latter elements likely served a protective function, the dorsolateral trunk sheets, which also carry spines, may have facilitated body erection and suspension-feeding. Other luolishaniids possess separate ring-like structures connecting the base of metameric spines which are covered by the apical layer of the lobopodian integument. <i>E. synnaustrus</i> and related taxa illustrate, therefore, an arguably parallel evolution of arthropod-like morphoanatomical features early during the rise of panarthropods. This finding broadens our perspectives on the uniqueness of major synapomorphies and the importance of including canalization in macroevolutionary narratives. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org.pub:D4A01784-E587-481A-AB04-A812B4AAE422
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25901956
title: Osteological redescription of the holotype of <i>Plateosaurus trossingensis</i> (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of SW Germany and its phylogenetic implications

description: <i>Plateosaurus</i> von Meyer, 1837, from the Norian of central Europe, was one of the first named dinosaurs. With close to 200 referred specimens found all over central Europe, it is one of the best-known dinosaurs from Europe. Over the past 200 years it has become one of the most important sauropodomorph dinosaurs and is used in many comparative studies in almost all fields of dinosaur palaeontology. Here we present a full osteological redescription of the holotype of <i>Plateosaurus trossingensis</i>, the almost entirely complete, historic specimen SMNS 13200. We use it as a basis for a revised diagnosis of <i>P. trossingensis</i> that consists of autapomorphies in a unique combination of features. An updated phylogeny of basal sauropodomorph taxa, with <i>P. trossingensis</i> restricted to the holotype, recovers <i>P. trossingensis</i> within Plateosauridae together with <i>Sellosaurus</i> and <i>Unaysaurus.</i> The revised anatomy and cladistic scoring can be used in many future studies involving comparative anatomy, phylogenetics, biostratigraphy and early dinosaur evolution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25901956.v1
title: Osteological redescription of the holotype of <i>Plateosaurus trossingensis</i> (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of SW Germany and its phylogenetic implications

description: <i>Plateosaurus</i> von Meyer, 1837, from the Norian of central Europe, was one of the first named dinosaurs. With close to 200 referred specimens found all over central Europe, it is one of the best-known dinosaurs from Europe. Over the past 200 years it has become one of the most important sauropodomorph dinosaurs and is used in many comparative studies in almost all fields of dinosaur palaeontology. Here we present a full osteological redescription of the holotype of <i>Plateosaurus trossingensis</i>, the almost entirely complete, historic specimen SMNS 13200. We use it as a basis for a revised diagnosis of <i>P. trossingensis</i> that consists of autapomorphies in a unique combination of features. An updated phylogeny of basal sauropodomorph taxa, with <i>P. trossingensis</i> restricted to the holotype, recovers <i>P. trossingensis</i> within Plateosauridae together with <i>Sellosaurus</i> and <i>Unaysaurus.</i> The revised anatomy and cladistic scoring can be used in many future studies involving comparative anatomy, phylogenetics, biostratigraphy and early dinosaur evolution.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25133576
title: Objective identification of <i>Lepidocyclina</i> (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters

description: Megalospheric specimens of <i>Lepidocyclina</i> from seven localities in western and central Cuba were morphometrically investigated using 11 growth-independent characters for equatorial sections of nepionts and 19 growth-independent and invariant characters describing equatorial sections of neanic chamberlets. This provides a complete geometric reconstruction of the equatorial morphology for lepidocyclinids. Specimens were objectively (to be precise, intersubjectively) classified by clustering and ordination methods resulting in four morphologically homogenous groups. These unprejudiced groups are then subjectively identified as <i>Lepidocyclina macdonaldi</i>, <i>L. pustulosa</i>, <i>L. ariana</i> and <i>L. ocalana</i> following the taxonomic rules and checked for significant differences. The D/P-ratio (deuteroconch/protoconch) separates <i>L. ocalana</i> (D/P ≥ 1) from <i>L. pustulosa</i> (D/P ≅ 1), <i>L. macdonaldi</i> and <i>L. ariana</i> (D/P &lt;1). The form of neanic chamberlets differentiates both <i>L. macdonaldi</i> and <i>L. pustulosa</i> possessing arcuate chamberlets from <i>L. ariana</i> and <i>L. ocalana</i> with spatulate chamberlets. The smaller sized characters isolate <i>L. pustulosa</i> from the other species. <i>Lepidocyclina macdonaldi</i> has the longest stratigraphical range occurring from ABZ 9 to ABZ 16 (American larger Benthic foraminifera Zonation). <i>Lepidocyclina ariana</i> is restricted to ABZ 12, while <i>L. pustulosa</i> and <i>L. ocalana</i> range from ABZ 13 to ABZ 16 and ABZ 15 to ABZ 16, respectively. An evolutionary trend could be detected in nepionts of <i>L. macdonaldi</i> starting from slightly smaller nepionts at the first appearance to significantly larger nepionts at the end of the Priabonian. Additionally, the arcuate chamberlets arranged in rows transform from not connected to connected. Differences within <i>L. ocalana</i> can be explained by environmental influences due to the palaeogeographical position of samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25133576.v1
title: Objective identification of <i>Lepidocyclina</i> (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters

description: Megalospheric specimens of <i>Lepidocyclina</i> from seven localities in western and central Cuba were morphometrically investigated using 11 growth-independent characters for equatorial sections of nepionts and 19 growth-independent and invariant characters describing equatorial sections of neanic chamberlets. This provides a complete geometric reconstruction of the equatorial morphology for lepidocyclinids. Specimens were objectively (to be precise, intersubjectively) classified by clustering and ordination methods resulting in four morphologically homogenous groups. These unprejudiced groups are then subjectively identified as <i>Lepidocyclina macdonaldi</i>, <i>L. pustulosa</i>, <i>L. ariana</i> and <i>L. ocalana</i> following the taxonomic rules and checked for significant differences. The D/P-ratio (deuteroconch/protoconch) separates <i>L. ocalana</i> (D/P ≥ 1) from <i>L. pustulosa</i> (D/P ≅ 1), <i>L. macdonaldi</i> and <i>L. ariana</i> (D/P &lt;1). The form of neanic chamberlets differentiates both <i>L. macdonaldi</i> and <i>L. pustulosa</i> possessing arcuate chamberlets from <i>L. ariana</i> and <i>L. ocalana</i> with spatulate chamberlets. The smaller sized characters isolate <i>L. pustulosa</i> from the other species. <i>Lepidocyclina macdonaldi</i> has the longest stratigraphical range occurring from ABZ 9 to ABZ 16 (American larger Benthic foraminifera Zonation). <i>Lepidocyclina ariana</i> is restricted to ABZ 12, while <i>L. pustulosa</i> and <i>L. ocalana</i> range from ABZ 13 to ABZ 16 and ABZ 15 to ABZ 16, respectively. An evolutionary trend could be detected in nepionts of <i>L. macdonaldi</i> starting from slightly smaller nepionts at the first appearance to significantly larger nepionts at the end of the Priabonian. Additionally, the arcuate chamberlets arranged in rows transform from not connected to connected. Differences within <i>L. ocalana</i> can be explained by environmental influences due to the palaeogeographical position of samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26528273
title: <i>Cornualbus primus</i> gen. et sp. nov.: a new procolophonid (Reptilia: Parareptilia) from Upper Triassic of South America, first tetrapod from the Passo das Tropas Member of the Santa Maria Supersequence

description: Procolophonidae is the most successful Parareptilia group throughout Pangaea. For almost two decades, the study of the most derived South American procolophonids only included the description of new specimens belonging to well-known species, mostly <i>Procolophon trigoniceps</i>. On the basis of a recently collected skull and associated postcranial elements from the early Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Brazil, we describe a new procolophonid, <i>Cornualbus primus</i> gen. et sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis recovers this new procolophonid within the subfamily Leptopleuroninae, forming a clade with the leptopleuronines <i>Hypsognathus fenneri</i>, <i>Leptopleuron lacertinum</i>, <i>Mandaphon nadra</i>, <i>Hwiccewyrm trispiculum</i>, and <i>Soturnia caliodon. Cornualbus primus</i> bridges a temporal gap in South American procolophonids, which extended from the Induan to the Norian, in addition to being the oldest Leptopleuroninae described for South America. Furthermore, the description of this taxon enriches our knowledge of procolophonid diversity for the South American Triassic period. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C95A0DCF-CD53-48DF-B323-490E0569286B
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26528273.v1
title: <i>Cornualbus primus</i> gen. et sp. nov.: a new procolophonid (Reptilia: Parareptilia) from Upper Triassic of South America, first tetrapod from the Passo das Tropas Member of the Santa Maria Supersequence

description: Procolophonidae is the most successful Parareptilia group throughout Pangaea. For almost two decades, the study of the most derived South American procolophonids only included the description of new specimens belonging to well-known species, mostly <i>Procolophon trigoniceps</i>. On the basis of a recently collected skull and associated postcranial elements from the early Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Brazil, we describe a new procolophonid, <i>Cornualbus primus</i> gen. et sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis recovers this new procolophonid within the subfamily Leptopleuroninae, forming a clade with the leptopleuronines <i>Hypsognathus fenneri</i>, <i>Leptopleuron lacertinum</i>, <i>Mandaphon nadra</i>, <i>Hwiccewyrm trispiculum</i>, and <i>Soturnia caliodon. Cornualbus primus</i> bridges a temporal gap in South American procolophonids, which extended from the Induan to the Norian, in addition to being the oldest Leptopleuroninae described for South America. Furthermore, the description of this taxon enriches our knowledge of procolophonid diversity for the South American Triassic period. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C95A0DCF-CD53-48DF-B323-490E0569286B
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26153363
title: Rogue sawflies: rare late Eocene amber fossils provide new calibration points for dating the evolution of Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

description: True sawflies (Tenthredinoidea) have a substantial fossil record but are rarely encountered in Eocene ambers. Here we describe three new taxa in this superfamily from late Eocene ambers. †<i>Rovnotaxonus aristovi</i> gen. et sp. nov. is the first true sawfly reported from Rovno amber. Based primarily on characters in the fore wing venation, we assign the new taxon to Tenthredinidae: Allantinae: Allantini. We also describe two new species of Diprionidae from Baltic amber: †<i>Eodiprion pectinatus</i> sp. nov. from a female specimen and †<i>Monodiprion gladius</i> gen. et sp. nov. from a male previously reported as †<i>Eodiprion</i> sp. by Schedl (2008); we redescribe †<i>Eodiprion</i> Schedl, 2007 and provide emended diagnoses of the genus and of †<i>Eodiprion groehni</i> Schedl, 2007. We integrate all these fossils as well as †<i>Sambia</i> Vilhelmsen and Engel, 2012 (Tenthredinidae: Tenthredininae) previously described from Baltic amber in a combined data set assembled from previously published morphological and molecular data sets. We analyse the combined data set in a Bayesian framework and implement RoguePlots to evaluate the positions of the fossils. The diprionid fossils are unequivocally placed inside Diprionidae, in a polytomy with extant members of Diprioninae; the Monocteninae, the other subfamily currently recognized in the family, is not retrieved as monophyletic. †<i>Rovnotaxonus</i> is placed inside Allantinae and shares some characters with <i>Taxonus</i>. †<i>Sambia</i> is placed near the base of Tenthredininae. The evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the fossils treated here will make them available for future dating analyses of Tenthredinoidea, helping to further elucidate the evolutionary history of this significant lineage of herbivorous insects. Possible reasons for the comparatively low abundance of true sawflies in late Eocene ambers are discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:81FC994C-B64B-41CB-A4B0-C31EA8CAE310
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26153363.v1
title: Rogue sawflies: rare late Eocene amber fossils provide new calibration points for dating the evolution of Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

description: True sawflies (Tenthredinoidea) have a substantial fossil record but are rarely encountered in Eocene ambers. Here we describe three new taxa in this superfamily from late Eocene ambers. †<i>Rovnotaxonus aristovi</i> gen. et sp. nov. is the first true sawfly reported from Rovno amber. Based primarily on characters in the fore wing venation, we assign the new taxon to Tenthredinidae: Allantinae: Allantini. We also describe two new species of Diprionidae from Baltic amber: †<i>Eodiprion pectinatus</i> sp. nov. from a female specimen and †<i>Monodiprion gladius</i> gen. et sp. nov. from a male previously reported as †<i>Eodiprion</i> sp. by Schedl (2008); we redescribe †<i>Eodiprion</i> Schedl, 2007 and provide emended diagnoses of the genus and of †<i>Eodiprion groehni</i> Schedl, 2007. We integrate all these fossils as well as †<i>Sambia</i> Vilhelmsen and Engel, 2012 (Tenthredinidae: Tenthredininae) previously described from Baltic amber in a combined data set assembled from previously published morphological and molecular data sets. We analyse the combined data set in a Bayesian framework and implement RoguePlots to evaluate the positions of the fossils. The diprionid fossils are unequivocally placed inside Diprionidae, in a polytomy with extant members of Diprioninae; the Monocteninae, the other subfamily currently recognized in the family, is not retrieved as monophyletic. †<i>Rovnotaxonus</i> is placed inside Allantinae and shares some characters with <i>Taxonus</i>. †<i>Sambia</i> is placed near the base of Tenthredininae. The evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the fossils treated here will make them available for future dating analyses of Tenthredinoidea, helping to further elucidate the evolutionary history of this significant lineage of herbivorous insects. Possible reasons for the comparatively low abundance of true sawflies in late Eocene ambers are discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:81FC994C-B64B-41CB-A4B0-C31EA8CAE310
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26348525
title: A new species of black drum (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae: <i>Pogonias</i> Lacépède, 1802) from the Upper Miocene of Argentina

description: <i>Pogonias blettleri</i> sp. nov., a new species of black drum (Acanthuriformes, Sciaenidae) from the marine Upper Miocene Paraná Formation, which crops out in the Province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, is described. The holotype specimen comprises a large and nearly complete skull articulated with the anterior vertebral column and associated with fragmentary remains of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, as well as a complete pectoral fin. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses including several Western Atlantic sciaenid taxa confirm the assignment of the fossil specimen to the genus <i>Pogonias</i> Lacépède, 1802, as the sister taxon to the clade of <i>Pogonias cromis</i> + <i>Pogonias courbina</i>. The erection of a new species is based on the presence of a combination of primitive and derived characters, such as: the sub-triangular dorsal outline of the anterior neurocranium, with the lateral borders of frontals delimiting an isosceles triangle; the cavernous frontals with wide bridge-like bony struts; a conspicuous dorsal protuberance of frontals; a crescent-shaped preoperculum, with a smooth posterior margin and a strongly thickened anteroventral edge; and a robust and craniocaudally wide hyomandibula, with a strongly ossified anterior expansion. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the upper levels of the Paraná Formation suggests that <i>P. blettleri</i> sp. nov. inhabited brackish and shallow waters in estuarine environments, particularly in areas near large river run-offs. The known palaeontological content from this unit includes potential prey of the black drum, suggesting that <i>P. blettleri</i> sp. nov. likely fed on annelids, crabs, molluscs, and small fish, similar to its extant counterparts. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3AA77DDD-4FDA-4CFD-AC7F-476F432B950B
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26348525.v1
title: A new species of black drum (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae: <i>Pogonias</i> Lacépède, 1802) from the Upper Miocene of Argentina

description: <i>Pogonias blettleri</i> sp. nov., a new species of black drum (Acanthuriformes, Sciaenidae) from the marine Upper Miocene Paraná Formation, which crops out in the Province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, is described. The holotype specimen comprises a large and nearly complete skull articulated with the anterior vertebral column and associated with fragmentary remains of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, as well as a complete pectoral fin. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses including several Western Atlantic sciaenid taxa confirm the assignment of the fossil specimen to the genus <i>Pogonias</i> Lacépède, 1802, as the sister taxon to the clade of <i>Pogonias cromis</i> + <i>Pogonias courbina</i>. The erection of a new species is based on the presence of a combination of primitive and derived characters, such as: the sub-triangular dorsal outline of the anterior neurocranium, with the lateral borders of frontals delimiting an isosceles triangle; the cavernous frontals with wide bridge-like bony struts; a conspicuous dorsal protuberance of frontals; a crescent-shaped preoperculum, with a smooth posterior margin and a strongly thickened anteroventral edge; and a robust and craniocaudally wide hyomandibula, with a strongly ossified anterior expansion. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the upper levels of the Paraná Formation suggests that <i>P. blettleri</i> sp. nov. inhabited brackish and shallow waters in estuarine environments, particularly in areas near large river run-offs. The known palaeontological content from this unit includes potential prey of the black drum, suggesting that <i>P. blettleri</i> sp. nov. likely fed on annelids, crabs, molluscs, and small fish, similar to its extant counterparts. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3AA77DDD-4FDA-4CFD-AC7F-476F432B950B
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26064836
title: Total-evidence dating and the phylogenetic affinities of early fossil passerines

description: Passeriformes is the most diverse and globally widespread order of living birds. However, little work has been done on the phylogenetic relationships within their fossil record. Recent advances in total-evidence phylogenetic methods have improved topological and age estimation by using morphological, molecular and temporal data. This provides the opportunity to investigate the phylogenetic affinities of five recently described passerines from the early Oligocene of Europe, including some of the most complete and oldest passerine fossils described to date. We compare maximum parsimony, non-clock Bayesian inference, and total-evidence tip-dating Bayesian analysis to estimate relationships and divergence times of the fossil passerines. We find <i>Wieslochia weissi</i>, <i>Crosnoornis nargizia</i> and NT-LBR-0014 form a clade within Tyranni (suboscines) either in the stem or within Old-World suboscines (Eurylaimides). <i>Jamna szybiaki</i> is recovered as the sister lineage of crown Passeriformes. We confirmed the oscine affinities of <i>Resoviaornis jamrozi</i>. Its precise position within Passeri remains ambiguous, but affinities within Corvides or Passerides may be more likely considering the biogeographic history of the group. We emphasize the importance of an informative tree age prior in total-evidence dating analyses and appeal for the further development of models for phylogenetic inference using morphology.