cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0wldh7
title: Modeling the formation of N2 and CH4 frost on Pluto’s slopes

description: Context. The equatorial region of Cthulhu, revealed by New Horizons, appears generally dark and largely devoid of volatiles due to its low-albedo surface. However, localized bright patches, interpreted as CH4 frost, are observed on crater rims and slopes. Aims. Previous studies suggested that these frosts could result from the peculiar insolation driven by the geometry of these slopes, but this has never been quantitatively tested. We aim to investigate the origin, stability, and potential role in Pluto’s volatile cycle of these localized frost deposits. Methods. We implemented a new sub-grid-scale slope parameterization in the Pluto Volatile Transport Model to account for solar irradiation and surface temperatures on sloped terrains, and to simulate the condensation/sublimation of volatiles together with the large-scale transport of N2 and CH4, which directly controls the stability of frost deposits. Results. Our simulations reproduce the observed CH4 frost on North-facing slopes as seasonal deposits currently sublimating, predict perennial CH4 frost on South-facing slopes, and show that slope microclimates should not alter global volatile cycles. Conclusions. Seasonal and perennial N2 and CH4 frosts can form across Pluto’s slopes, even in its darkest and warmest regions, due to the locally reduced sunlight received on inclined terrain. Nevertheless, despite Pluto’s abundance of sloped surfaces, slope microclimates appear to have only a minor effect on the planet’s global volatile cycles.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.1wcvsm
title: The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Maps

description: We present Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropy at arcminute resolution over three frequency bands centered on 98, 150 and 220 GHz. The maps are based on data collected with the AdvancedACT camera over the period 2017–2022 and cover 19,000 square degrees with a median combined depth of 10 µK arcmin. We describe the instrument, mapmaking and map properties and illustrate them with a number of figures and tables. The ACT DR6 maps and derived products are available on LAMBDA at https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/actadv_prod_table.html. We also provide an interactive web atlas at https://phy-act1.princeton.edu/public/snaess/actpol/dr6/atlas and HiPS data sets in Aladin (e.g. https://alasky.cds.unistra.fr/ACT/DR4DR6/color_CMB).
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.i6as8r
title: Spore Bioburden Transferred in CFC-11 to NASA’s Europa Clipper Spacecraft Heat Redistribution System

description: Planetary Protection (PP) is the practice of protecting solar system bodies from Earth life and Earth from possible extraterrestrial life forms. Spacecraft surfaces are cleaned and routinely sampled to determine the bioburden and ensure compliance with PP requirements. Bulk materials, like adhesives, are destructively assayed, or a NASA specification value in lieu of direct sampling is applied, to estimate the bioburden. Currently, no specification value exists for liquids. The closest analog is the assumed value of 30 spores/cm3 for non-electronic solid materials; however, applying this assumption to liquids is problematic, as it can lead to a substantial total spore burden that rapidly consumes the allowable bioburden margin for a given mission, particularly when large volumes are involved. CFC-11 (Freon) is a refrigerant commonly used in spacecraft to provide cooling for the Heat Redistribution System (HRS). The HRS Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE), designed for the Europa Clipper spacecraft, delivers CFC-11 to the spacecraft. The system utilizes three 2.0 μm filters. This design is markedly different from the Mars 2020 and Mars Science Laboratory mission, which utilized a 0.2 μm filter specifically to remove spores, which typically have diameters around 1 μm. Thus, an analysis was required to measure the bioburden of the CFC-11 for the Europa Clipper HRS. For our study, we used 90 mm Millipore filter holders that were connected directly to the HRS MGSE system. In total, 3 L of CFC-11 were flowed through the filter holders. The 90 mm filters within the filter holders were processed using the NASA Standard Assay, with membrane filtration as the culture-based technique, to enumerate colony-forming units. Using these experimental results as one of the inputs, a probabilistic mathematical model of the CFC-11 and bio-load transfer process was developed to provide a predictive probability distribution of the number of spores transferred to the HRS and ultimately substantiates that a 0.2 filter is not necessary within the system to lower bioburden, a feature that saves the project significant time regarding fill operations. This probabilistic mathematical model may be used to inform the MGSE design for future missions, such as the Mars Sample Return Sample Retrieval Lander, regarding the choice to replacethe 2.0μm filters with 0.2μm filters. This study recommends a mean value of 0.04 spores/L ofCFC-11transferred into the Europa Clipper HRS and for future missions that intend to use the same HRS MGSE design.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tacwrm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 92118 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Lophiostoma caudatum Fabre, Pezizella punctoidea (P.Karst.) Rehm, Nectria ellisii C.Booth, Unguicularia dilatopilosa Graddon, Melanochaeta aotearoae (S.Hughes) E.Müll., Harr & Sulmont, Stictis stellata Wallr., Hyalinia dilutella (Fr.) Boud., Altica palustris (Weise, 1888), Hymenoscyphus repandus (W.Phillips) Dennis, Discostroma tostum (Berk. & Broome) Brockmann, Mompha decorella Stephens, 1835, Mompha subbistrigella Haworth, 1828, Pilidium concavum (Desm.) Höhn., Plasmopara epilobii J.Schröt., Septoria alpicola Sacc., Aedes geniculatus (Olivier, 1791), Stenocranus matsumurai Metcalf, 1943, Macrosteles abludens Anufriev, 1968, Macrosteles frontalis (Scott, 1875), Javesella stali (Metcalf, 1943), Stagonospora equisetina Trail, Hippuriphila modeeri (Linnaeus, 1761), Titaeospora equiseti (Desm.) Vassiljevsky, Grypus equiseti (J.C.Fabricius, 1775), Liriomyza equiseti Meijere, 1924, Ascochyta equiseti (Desm.) Grove, Liriomyza occipitalis Hendel, 1931, Stamnaria americana Massee & Morgan, Phaeosphaeria berlesei (M.J.Larsen & Munk) Hedjar., Ijuhya equiseti-hyemalis Lechat & Baral, Didymosphaeria equiseti-hiemalis P.Larsen & Munk, Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758), Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825), Phaeosphaeria equiseti (P.Karst.) L.Holm & K.Holm, Ischnoptera bilunata Saussure, 1869, Stenodiplosis brevipalpis (Harris, 1979), Dimorphopterus pilosus (Barber, 1958), Prokelisia salina (Ball, 1902), Neomegamelanus elongatus (Ball, 1905), Lecacis platypennis Theron, 1982, Delphacodes sucinea Beamer, 1948, Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum, 1868), Flexamia areolata (Ball, 1899), Cryptomys hottentotus (Lesson, 1826), Neotrichoporoides nyemitawus (Rohwer, 1921), Kallima horsfieldii Kollar, 1848, Kallima limborgii Moore, 1878, Urocystis eranthidis (Pass.) Ainsw. & Sampson, Delta higletti rendalli (Bingham, 1902), Aphis lugentis Williams, 1911)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 92118 records from 637 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009499-250515123054153/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17550129
title: Data for "Efficient Entanglement of Two Cavity-Enhanced Rydberg Superatoms via Two-Photon Interference"

description: This dataset is for the research article "Efficient Entanglement of Two Cavity-Enhanced Rydberg Superatoms via Two-Photon Interference".
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6hu9np
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 33657 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-10.6745 35.51005,3.62511 35.51005,3.62511 44.20686,-10.6745 44.20686,-10.6745 35.51005))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Corylus avellana",
 "Year 2000-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 33657 records from 328 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030553-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y2medm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 107 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Romania",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aedes albopictus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 107 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030554-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fcxze8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 485 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((4.9305 43.3484,5.29359 43.32729,5.28093 43.59116,4.93683 43.5996,4.9305 43.3484))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Fungi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 485 records from 38 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030555-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d4m763
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 36 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Hipposideros coxi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 36 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030556-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/usctheses-ouc11399m89y
title: ION-BAESED MEMRISTIVE DEVICES TO ENABLE LOW-POWER AND HIGH-SCALABILITY NEUROMORPHIC COMPUTING
DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/rshc9
title: Time and Precision of Image-Guided Hand-Tool Movements

description: Publication: Getting Nowhere Fast: Trade-Off Between Speed and Precision of Image-Guided Hand-Tool Movements, 2016 BMC Psychology, DATASET
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28551359.v5
title: Flower-leaf sequence shapes plant phenological sensitivity to warming

description: dataset1. data for main text analysis#f1: 20250714 df_sum: phenology+MAT+trait#f2: 20250714 df_sum_season: phenology+seasonal Temperature+trait#f3: 20250714_species_sequence: for phylogeny plot#f4: 20250714_df_site: for site map#f5: 20250714_Tsen_re_f_sp: temperature sensitivity of reproductive phenology in flower-first for each species#f6: 20250714_Tsen_re_l_sp: temperature sensitivity of reproductive phenology in leaf-first for each species#f7: 20250714_Tsen_ve_f_sp: temperature sensitivity of vegetative phenology in flower-first for each species#f8: 20250714_Tsen_ve_l_sp: temperature sensitivity of vegetative phenology in leaf-first for each species3. data for supplementary information#f9: sm-20250308_df_sum_flower0leaf0#f10: sm-20250308_species_sequence_flower0leaf0#f11: sm-20250308_df_site_flower0leaf0#f12: sm-20250714_species_individualCountcodeanalysis code for main text: 20250714_phenology analysisanalysis code for supplementary information: 20250714_phenology analysis_sm<br>
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tv2gtz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 68 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Romania",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aedes vexans"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 68 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030558-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17598654
title: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО УЧЕТА КАК ФОРМЫ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ

description: Статья посвящена комплексному анализу правовых оснований постановки на профилактический учет лиц, ранее совершивших преступления, в соответствии с законодательством Республики Узбекистан. Исследуются нормы Закона Республики Узбекистан № ЗРУ-371 от 14.05.2014 «О профилактике правонарушений», определяющие категории лиц, подлежащих профилактическому учету, основания и процедуры их постановки на учет, а также сроки учета и основания снятия с него. Методология исследования основана на формально-юридическом, сравнительно-правовом и системном методах анализа нормативных актов. Результаты показывают, что профилактический учет является ключевым механизмом индивидуальной профилактики правонарушений, направленным на предупреждение рецидивной преступности. Выявлены особенности правового регулирования профилактического учета различных категорий лиц и сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию законодательства в данной сфере.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17598653
title: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО УЧЕТА КАК ФОРМЫ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ

description: Статья посвящена комплексному анализу правовых оснований постановки на профилактический учет лиц, ранее совершивших преступления, в соответствии с законодательством Республики Узбекистан. Исследуются нормы Закона Республики Узбекистан № ЗРУ-371 от 14.05.2014 «О профилактике правонарушений», определяющие категории лиц, подлежащих профилактическому учету, основания и процедуры их постановки на учет, а также сроки учета и основания снятия с него. Методология исследования основана на формально-юридическом, сравнительно-правовом и системном методах анализа нормативных актов. Результаты показывают, что профилактический учет является ключевым механизмом индивидуальной профилактики правонарушений, направленным на предупреждение рецидивной преступности. Выявлены особенности правового регулирования профилактического учета различных категорий лиц и сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию законодательства в данной сфере.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xh8fam
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Romania",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Anopheles maculipennis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030559-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.437yqg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 187 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((11.44764 59.7575,-1.90115 60.21424,-4.24914 57.72762,-2.77077 50.40265,10.23016 50.48572,11.44764 59.7575))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Scyliorhinus stellaris"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 187 records from 26 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030560-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7xd32n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7656 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Stauropathes arctica, Parantipathes pluma, Parantipathes robusta, Parantipathes dodecasticha, Parantipathes euantha, Parantipathes hirondelle, Parantipathes wolffi, Parantipathes tetrasticha, Parantipathes laricides, Parantipathes helicosticha, Parantipathes larix, Bathypathes thermophila, Bathypathes pseudoalternata, Bathypathes alaskensis, Bathypathes tiburonae, Bathypathes ptiloides, Bathypathes plenispina, Bathypathes robusta, Bathypathes conferta, Bathypathes seculata, Bathypathes platycaulus, Bathypathes galatheae, Bathypathes erotema, Bathypathes bifida, Bathypathes bayeri, Bathypathes patula, Leiopathes, Leiopathes annosa, Leiopathes montana, Leiopathes valdiviae, Leiopathes secunda, Leiopathes bullosa, Leiopathes acanthophora, Leiopathes grimaldii, Leiopathes glaberrima, Leiopathes expansa, Stichopathes gravieri)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7656 records from 81 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030561-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.6khzaa
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 123 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Romania",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Culex pipiens"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 123 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030562-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yefhq7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13389034 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Observation)",
 "Country is Denmark",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2013",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2018"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13389034 records from 69 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030530-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.35p4a7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 908 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Attalea allenii",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 908 records from 25 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030564-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.srh7rr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2864 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Raphia",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2864 records from 152 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030566-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.q9vhhc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10317 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Lindera glauca"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10317 records from 182 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030565-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17598736
title: Submitted Galaxy Scores to the Gravitational Wave Treasure Map for event MS251113j Preliminary

description: Attached in a .json file is the ranked galaxy information within the contour region of the EM counterpart search associated with the gravitational wave event MS251113j Preliminary. A reference to these calculations can be found here: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...848L..33A/abstract
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17598735
title: Submitted Galaxy Scores to the Gravitational Wave Treasure Map for event MS251113j Preliminary

description: Attached in a .json file is the ranked galaxy information within the contour region of the EM counterpart search associated with the gravitational wave event MS251113j Preliminary. A reference to these calculations can be found here: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...848L..33A/abstract
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17598685
title: ELEKTR ENERGETIKA TIZIMLARI ISHONCHLILIGINI OSHIRISH MASALALARI

description: Ushbu maqolada elektr energetika tizimlari ishonchliligini oshirish masalalari yoritilgan. Ishonchlilik tushunchasi, unga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy omillar va tizimning samarali ishlashini ta’minlash yo‘llari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy avtomatlashtirish, raqamli boshqaruv tizimlari hamda energetika infratuzilmasini modernizatsiya qilish orqali ishonchlilikni oshirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqola elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarish, uzatish va taqsimlash jarayonlarida uzluksizlikni ta’minlashga qaratilgan texnik va tashkiliy yechimlarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17598684
title: ELEKTR ENERGETIKA TIZIMLARI ISHONCHLILIGINI OSHIRISH MASALALARI

description: Ushbu maqolada elektr energetika tizimlari ishonchliligini oshirish masalalari yoritilgan. Ishonchlilik tushunchasi, unga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy omillar va tizimning samarali ishlashini ta’minlash yo‘llari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy avtomatlashtirish, raqamli boshqaruv tizimlari hamda energetika infratuzilmasini modernizatsiya qilish orqali ishonchlilikni oshirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqola elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarish, uzatish va taqsimlash jarayonlarida uzluksizlikni ta’minlashga qaratilgan texnik va tashkiliy yechimlarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2hzfdb
title: CCDC 2323152: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Hongxu Lv, Leiyang Bai, Xuefeng Jiang|2025|J.Am.Chem.Soc.|||doi:10.1021/jacs.5c14209
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2jjxmm
title: CCDC 2339961: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Aneta Rzewnicka, Maciej Mikina, Jerzy Krysiak, Tomasz Makowski, Mariia Svyntkivska, Rafał Dolot, Damian Plażuk, Grzegorz Bujacz, Remigiusz Żurawiński|2025|Chem.-Eur.J.|31|e202403912|doi:10.1002/chem.202403912
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2jpp20
title: CCDC 2344532: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Rabindra Nath Sana, Sudipta Chakraborty, Tanmoy Chanda, Nayim Sepay, Maidul Hossain, Samaresh Paria, Tanurima Bhaumik, Arabinda Mandal, Susanta Kumar Manna|2025|Chem. Sel.|10|e03050|doi:10.1002/slct.202503050
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.