cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782266
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/03A, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 54; first year: 1665; tree-death year: 1719; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782272
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/09A, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 34; first year: 1637; tree-death year: 1671; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 5; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782275
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/12A, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 117; first year: 1547; tree-death year: 1664; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 7; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782267
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/04A, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 64; first year: 1657; tree-death year: 1721; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782133
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6748B/17A, Netherlands, Hoorn

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 50; first year: 1431; tree-death year: 1481; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782252
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6767B/03A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 139; first year: 1400; tree-death year: 1539; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782269
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/06A, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 80; first year: 1641; tree-death year: 1721; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782253
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6767B/04A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 27; first year: 1509; tree-death year: 1536; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782258
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6768B/02A, Netherlands, Berlicum

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 49; first year: 1408; tree-death year: 1457; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782256
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6768B/01A, Netherlands, Berlicum

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 58; first year: 1413; tree-death year: 1471; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782176
title: Tree-ring width of Pinus sylvestris L. from historical object sample 6752B/07A, Germany, Rothenburg OL

description: Species: Pinus sylvestris L.; No of rings: 49; first year: 1750; tree-death year: 1799; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 49; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782178
title: Tree-ring width of Pinus sylvestris L. from historical object sample 6752B/09M, Germany, Rothenburg OL

description: Species: Pinus sylvestris L.; No of rings: 95; first year: 1704; tree-death year: 1799; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782170
title: Tree-ring width of Pinus sylvestris L. from historical object sample 6752B/01A, Germany, Rothenburg OL

description: Species: Pinus sylvestris L.; No of rings: 95; first year: 1704; tree-death year: 1799; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 60; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782276
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/13M, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 80; first year: 1641; tree-death year: 1721; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782271
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/08A, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 48; first year: 1673; tree-death year: 1721; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782315
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6777B/05M, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 88; first year: 1472; tree-death year: 1560; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782317
title: Tree-ring width of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. from historical object sample 6778B/02A, Germany, Lüneburg

description: Species: Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.; No of rings: 65; first year: 1539; tree-death year: 1604; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: unknown; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782318
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6778B/03A, Germany, Lüneburg

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 104; first year: 1434; tree-death year: 1538; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782262
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6769B/01A, Germany, Lüchow

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 196; first year: 1471; tree-death year: 1667; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 18; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782323
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6778B/07A, Germany, Lüneburg

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 175; first year: 1431; tree-death year: 1606; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 18; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782324
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6778B/08M, Germany, Lüneburg

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 175; first year: 1431; tree-death year: 1606; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781104
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6610B/14A, Netherlands, Zwolle

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 286; first year: 1254; tree-death year: 1540; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781264
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6629B/06A, Romania, Moardas (Mardisch)

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 116; first year: 1673; tree-death year: 1789; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 16; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782277
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6770B/14M, Germany, Borgholzhausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 143; first year: 1535; tree-death year: 1678; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782325
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6779B/01A, Netherlands, Zutphen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 66; first year: 1432; tree-death year: 1498; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 16; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782281
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6771B/04A, Netherlands, Schoonebeek

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 65; first year: 1775; tree-death year: 1840; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 10; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782282
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6771B/05A, Netherlands, Schoonebeek

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 77; first year: 1763; tree-death year: 1840; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782104
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6744B/02A, Netherlands, Schoonebeek

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 87; first year: 1763; tree-death year: 1850; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782351
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6784B/05A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 68; first year: 1543; tree-death year: 1611; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 17; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782355
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6784B/09A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 95; first year: 1424; tree-death year: 1519; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 19; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782356
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6784B/10M, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 118; first year: 1401; tree-death year: 1519; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781141
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6615B/04A, Netherlands, Zwolle

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 64; first year: 1270; tree-death year: 1334; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 7; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782331
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6780B/02A, Germany, Recklinghausen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 188; first year: 1357; tree-death year: 1545; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.780952
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6590B/02A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 84; first year: 1419; tree-death year: 1503; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781453
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6654B/04A, Netherlands, Schoonebeek

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 147; first year: 1497; tree-death year: 1644; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 21; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.780804
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6541B/01A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 34; first year: 1589; tree-death year: 1623; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 11; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781036
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6602B/02A, Germany, Lingen-Schepsdorf

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 52; first year: 1671; tree-death year: 1723; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782061
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6736B/06A, Netherlands, Zutphen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 104; first year: 1552; tree-death year: 1656; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 20; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781049
title: Tree-ring width of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. from historical object sample 6604B/02A, Germany, Celle

description: Species: Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.; No of rings: 37; first year: 1567; tree-death year: 1604; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: unknown; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782071
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6738B/02A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 86; first year: 1391; tree-death year: 1477; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781003
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6596B/07A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 112; first year: 1347; tree-death year: 1459; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 2; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781366
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6642B/03A, Germany, Lingen-Schepsdorf

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 109; first year: 1714; tree-death year: 1823; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 19; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781165
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6619B/02A, Netherlands, Sellingen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 75; first year: 1621; tree-death year: 1696; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 14; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781408
title: Tree-ring width of Abies alba Kill. from historical object sample 6646B/01A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Abies alba Kill.; No of rings: 50; first year: 1802; tree-death year: 1852; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.781394
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6645B/08A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 86; first year: 1451; tree-death year: 1537; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 13; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782073
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6738B/04A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 121; first year: 1390; tree-death year: 1511; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 1; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145731
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6452B/02A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 44; first year: 1483; end year: 1527; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145735
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6451B/05A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 93; first year: 1310; end year: 1403; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145532
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6508B/06B, Netherlands, Alkmaar

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 58; first year: 1521; end year: 1579; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145533
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6508B/06A, Netherlands, Alkmaar

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 58; first year: 1520; end year: 1578; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145685
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6464B/12A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 132; first year: 1329; end year: 1461; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 29; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145686
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6464B/11A, Netherlands, 's-Hertogenbosch

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 144; first year: 1319; end year: 1463; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 33; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145762
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6442B/02A, Netherlands, Ruinerwold

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 107; first year: 1556; end year: 1663; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 14; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145763
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6442B/01A, Netherlands, Ruinerwold

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 81; first year: 1558; end year: 1639; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.145761
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 6442B/03A, Netherlands, Ruinerwold

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 87; first year: 1560; end year: 1647; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 2; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147149
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5977B/05A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 76; first year: 1386; end year: 1462; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 20; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147394
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5918B/06A, Netherlands, Zwolle

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 101; first year: 1303; end year: 1404; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 24; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147398
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5918B/02A, Netherlands, Zwolle

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 76; first year: 1328; end year: 1404; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 23; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147414
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5916B/01A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 99; first year: 1194; end year: 1293; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 22; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147420
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5914B/11B, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 70; first year: 1390; end year: 1460; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 9; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147446
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5911B/16A, Netherlands, Groningen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 49; first year: 1394; end year: 1443; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 25; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147550
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5886B/05A, Netherlands, Zutphen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 33; first year: 1445; end year: 1478; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 9; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147306
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5933B/04A, Netherlands, Zwolle

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 110; first year: 1264; end year: 1374; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 22; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.51578
title: Sedimentology of core PS1367-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147658
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5800B/04A, Netherlands, Leiden

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 178; first year: 1194; end year: 1372; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 9; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147660
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5800B/02A, Netherlands, Leiden

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 61; first year: 1320; end year: 1381; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 14; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147657
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5817B/01A, Netherlands, Zutphen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 72; first year: 1505; end year: 1577; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 22; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.147659
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5800B/03A, Netherlands, Leiden

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 141; first year: 1242; end year: 1383; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: complete; Number of sapwood rings: 18; Last ring under bark: present
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.148142
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5520B/01A, Netherlands, Zutphen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 141; first year: 1131; end year: 1272; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: absent; Sapwood: absent; Number of sapwood rings: 0; Last ring under bark: absent
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.148143
title: Tree-ring width of Quercus species from historical object sample 5519B/05A, Netherlands, Zutphen

description: Species: Quercus species; No of rings: 40; first year: 1508; end year: 1548; Pith: not applicable; Heartwood: complete; Sapwood: incomplete; Number of sapwood rings: 2; Last ring under bark: absent