cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn1h87s
title: Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure and flowering output of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides undergoing disturbance

description: Seagrass are under great stress in the tropical coast of Asia, where
 Enhalus acoroides is frequently the dominant species with a large food
 web. Here, we investigate the question of the fine‐scale genetic structure
 of this ecologically important foundation species, subject to severe
 anthropogenic disturbance in China. The genetic structure will illuminate
 potential mechanisms for population dynamics and sustainability, which are
 critical for preservation of biodiversity and for decision‐making in
 management and restoration. We evaluated the fine‐scale spatial genetic
 structure (SGS) and flowering output of E. acoroides, and indirectly
 estimated the relative importance of sexual versus asexual reproduction
 for population persistence using spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results
 reveal high clonal diversity for this species, as predicted from its high
 sexual reproduction output. The stronger Sp statistic at the ramet‐level
 compared with genet‐level indicates that clonality increases the SGS
 pattern for E. acoroides. Significant SGS at the genet‐level may be
 explained by the aggregated dispersal of seed/pollen cohorts. The
 estimated gene dispersal variance suggests that dispersal mediated by
 sexual reproduction is more important than clonal growth in this study
 area. The ongoing anthropogenic disturbance will negatively affect the
 mating pattern and the SGS patterns in the future due to massive death of
 shoots, and less frequency of sexual reproduction.
description: Ramets For Two
 plotsThe genotypes and their
 coordinates for the samples of the two plots
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fd4j10p
title: Data from: Rainfall seasonality predicts the germination behaviour of a tropical dry-forest vine

description: Seed dormancy is considered an adaptive strategy in seasonal and/or
 unpredictable environments because it prevents germination during
 climatically favourable periods that are too short for seedling
 establishment. Tropical dry forests are seasonal environments where seed
 dormancy may play an important role in plant resilience and resistance to
 changing precipitation patterns. We studied the germination behaviour of
 seeds from six populations of the Neotropical vine Dalechampia scandens
 (Euphorbiaceae) originating from environments of contrasting rainfall
 seasonality. Seeds produced by second greenhouse-generation plants were
 measured and exposed to a favourable wet environment at different time
 intervals after capsule dehiscence and dispersal. We recorded the success
 and the timing of germination. All populations produced at least some
 dormant seeds, but seeds of populations originating from more seasonal
 environments required longer periods of after-ripening before germinating.
 Within populations, larger seeds tended to require longer after-ripening
 periods than did smaller seeds. These results indicate among-population
 genetic differences in germination behaviour and suggest that these
 populations are adapted to local environmental conditions. They also
 suggest a role of seed size in germination timing within populations.
 Ongoing changes in seasonality patterns in tropical dry forests may impose
 strong selection on these traits.
description: Martins et al. 2019
 First experimentRaw data from Experiment
 1 in Martins et al. 2019.Martins_etal_first_experiment.csvMartins et al. 2019 Second experimentData from experiment 2 in Martins et al. 2019 Ecology and EvolutionMartins_etal_second_experiment.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.33k4gp8
title: Data from: On population abundance and niche structure

description: Recent published evidence indicates a negative correlation between density
 of populations and the distance of their environments to a suitably
 defined ‘niche centroid’. This empirical observation lacks theoretical
 grounds. We provide a theoretical underpinning for the empirical
 relationship between population density and position in niche space, and
 use this framework to understand the circumstances under which the
 relationship will fail. We propose a metapopulation model for the area of
 distribution, as a system of ordinary differential equations coupled with
 a dispersal kernel. We present an analytical approximation to the solution
 of the system as well as an R code to solve the full model numerically. We
 use this tool to analyze various scenarios and assumptions. General and
 realistic demographic assumptions imply a good correlation between
 position in niche space and population abundance. Factors that modify this
 correlation are: transitory states, a heterogeneous spatial structure of
 suitability, and Allee effects. We also explain why the raw output of the
 niche modeling algorithm MaxEnt is not a good predictor of environmental
 suitability. Our results elucidate the empirical results for spatial
 patterns of population size in niche terms, and provide a theoretical
 basis for a structured theory of the niche.
description: Raw data and Simulation
 Outputs for ECOG_04442The occurrence
 coordinates used to define the niche of the virtual species, and tables
 with the outputs of simulations.data_10_1111_ecog_04442.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2294qd9
title: Data from: Ancient landscapes of the Namib Desert harbour high levels of genetic variability and deeply divergent lineages for Collembola

description: Aim To assess spatial patterns of genetic and species-level diversity for
 Namib Desert Collembola using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase
 subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Location Namib Desert gravel plains Taxon
 Collembola (springtails) Methods A total of 77 soil samples was collected
 along a NE-SW (60 km) and E-W (160 km) transects from within a 4000 km2
 area of the Namib Desert gravel plains. We extracted 434 springtails from
 the 37 samples which contained Collembola and sequenced them at the COI
 gene locus. In the absence of previous genetic data for these taxa, we
 used GMYC analyses to provide putative species-level designations. Results
 We obtained 341 successful COI sequences, 175 of which were unique
 haplotypes. GMYC analyses identified 30 putative species, with up to 28%
 sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distance). The distribution of genetic
 variants was disjunct, with 97% of haplotypes and 70% of ‘GMYC species’
 found only at single sites. Main conclusions Dispersal events, although
 rare, may be facilitated by environmental events such as prevailing
 onshore winds or occasional flow of rain water to the coast. We conclude
 that the high genetic diversity we observed is the result of ancient
 springtail lineages, patchy distribution of suitable habitats and limited
 dispersal/gene flow among habitable locations.
description: Namib Desert springtail
 sample sitesGPS locations of soil
 samples taken from across the Namib Desert, from which successful COI
 sequences of springtails (Collembola) were obtained. Number of springtail
 sequences (n) and unique haplotypes (h) found from each sample are also
 listed. Collections containing the code ‘NB16‘ were taken in 2016, while
 ‘GINV’ and ‘GTRC’ samples were collected in 2015.Dryad1.csvWhich haplotypes were grouped as 'species'?List of haplotypes included in each of the GMYC species assignment groups, and sites they were collected.Dryad2.csvWhere was each haplotype found?Collection details for each haplotype. Corresponding Barcode Identification Numbers (BIN) are also providedDryad3.csvNegative sitesList of samples where no springtails were foundDryad4.csvFailed samplesList of samples where springtails were extracted but failed to sequenceDryad5.csvSequence alignmentFinal alignment of unique sequences that was used for analyses, trimmed to 582 bpunique_assigned codes_with outgroups.fasta
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bb966qf
title: Data from: Consistent declines in wing lengths of Calidridine sandpipers suggest a rapid morphometric response to environmental change

description: A recent study demonstrated that semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla)
 wing lengths have shortened from the 1980s to the present-day. We examined
 alternative and untested hypotheses for this change at an important
 stopover site, James Bay, Ontario, Canada. We evaluated morphometric
 patterns in wing length and bill length by age and sex, when possible, and
 assessed if wing shape has also changed during this time-period. We
 investigated patterns of morphological change in two additional
 Calidridine sandpipers, white-rumped sandpipers (Calidris fuscicollis) and
 least sandpipers (Calidris minutilla), to determine if shorter wing
 lengths are a widespread pattern in small sandpipers. We also examined
 allometric changes in wing and bill lengths to clarify if wing length
 declines were consistent with historical scaling relationships and
 indicative of a change in body size instead of only wing length change. We
 found that including sex and wing shape in analyses revealed important
 patterns in morphometric change for semipalmated sandpipers. Wing lengths
 declined for both sexes, but the magnitude of decline was smaller and not
 significant for males. Additionally, semipalmated sandpiper wings have
 become more convex, a shape that increases maneuverability in flight. Wing
 lengths, but not bill lengths, declined for most species and age classes,
 a pattern that was inconsistent with historical allometric scaling
 relationships. For juvenile semipalmated sandpipers, however, both bill
 and wing lengths declined according to historical scaling relationships,
 which could be a consequence of nutritional stress during development or a
 shift in the proportion of birds from smaller-sized, western breeding
 populations. Except for juvenile semipalmated sandpipers, we did not find
 evidence for an increase in the proportion of birds from different
 breeding populations at the stopover site. Given the wide, hemispheric
 distribution of these sandpipers throughout their annual cycles, our
 results, paired with those from a previous study, provide evidence for
 wide-spread reduction in wing lengths of Calidridine sandpipers since the
 1980s. The shorter wing lengths and more convex wing shapes found in this
 study support the hypothesis that selection has favored more maneuverable
 wing morphology in small sandpipers.
description: Anderson2019_CalidrisMorphologySee README file for data details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80n9608
title: Data from: Effects of fleas on nest success of Arctic barnacle geese: experimentally testing the mechanism

description: Parasites have detrimental effects on their hosts’ fitness. Therefore,
 behavioural adaptations have evolved to avoid parasites or, when an
 individual is already in contact with a parasite, prevent or minimize
 infections. Such anti-parasite behaviours can be very effective, but can
 also be costly for the host. Specifically, ectoparasites can elicit strong
 host anti-parasite behaviours and interactions between fleas
 (Siphonaptera) and their hosts are one of the best studied. In altricial
 bird species, nest fleas can negatively affect both parent and offspring
 fitness components. However, knowledge on the effects of fleas on
 precocial bird species is scarce. Research on geese in the Canadian Arctic
 indicated that fleas have a negative impact on reproductive success. One
 possible hypothesis is that fleas may affect female incubation behaviour.
 Breeding females with many fleas in their nest may increase the frequency
 and/or duration of incubation breaks and could even totally desert their
 nest. The aim of our study was to 1) determine if a similar negative
 relationship existed between flea abundance and reproductive success in
 our study colony of Arctic breeding barnacle geese Branta leucopsis and 2)
 experimentally quantify if such effects could be explained by a negative
 effect of nest fleas on female behaviour. We compared host anti-parasite
 and incubation behaviour between experimentally flea-reduced and control
 nests using wildlife cameras and temperature loggers. We found that flea
 abundance was negatively associated with hatching success. We found little
 experimental support, however, for changes in behaviour of the breeding
 female as a possible mechanism to explain this effect.
description: deJong&Loonen2019_dataThis Excel file contains data we collected in the field and was used for analyses for our article. See the README file for explanations of sheets and column headers used in the Excel file. See our article for a detailed description of methods used.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4v1s6b5
title: Data from: Are ecophysiological adaptive traits decoupled from leaf economics traits in wetlands?

description: Wetland plants have developed a suite of traits, such as aerenchyma,
 radial oxygen loss, and leaf gas films, to adapt to wetland environment
 featured by e.g. a low redox potential and a lack of electron acceptors.
 These ecophysiological traits are critical for the survival and
 physiological functioning of wetland plants. Most studies on these traits
 typically focus on a single trait and a single or few species at the time.
 Next to these traits, traits of the leaf economics spectrum (LES) that
 reflect resources acquisition and allocation in plant species have also
 been frequently measured in wetlands. However, the performance of the LES
 has rarely been examined among wetland plants. Both suites of traits are
 critical for ‐but affect different aspects of‐ wetland plant functioning
 and survival. The interactions between them, potentially causing synergies
 or trade‐offs, reflect wetland plant strategies to simultaneously deal
 with stress tolerance and resources utilization, and have ramifications
 for the functioning of wetland ecosystems. Based on a literature review
 and quantitative analysis of available data, we provide evidence
 suggesting that LES and ecophysiological traits may be decoupled (e.g.,
 for root porosity & radial oxygen loss vs. leaf nitrogen) or
 coupled (e.g., for iron tolerance vs. SLA) in wetlands, depending on the
 trait combination concerned. This rather complex relationship between
 wetland adaptation traits and LES traits indicates that there can be
 multiple mechanisms behind the strategies of wetland plants. We further
 illustrate how adaptation and LES traits together contribute to wetland
 ecosystem functions, such as denitrification and methane emission. We
 highlight that both suites of traits should be considered simultaneously
 when applying trait‐based methods to wetland ecology.
description: Figure 2. Root porosity vs. Leaf nitrogen
 The original root porosity and leaf nitrogen data used to make
 the Figure 2. in the manuscript. More data description can be found in the
 Appendix_FEPANSA1. Figure 3. ROL vs. Leaf
 nitrogen The original radial oxygen loss (ROL) and
 leaf nitrogen data used to make the Figure 3 in the manuscript. More data
 description can be found in the Appendix_FEPANSA1.
 Figure 4. Iron Tolerance vs. SLA The
 original iron tolerance and specific leaf area (SLA) data used to make the
 Figure 4 in the manuscript. More data description can be found in the
 Appendix_FEPANSA1.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h36dj4t
title: Data from: Multiscale patterns of rarity in fungi, inferred from fruiting records

description: Aim: It is unknown whether fungi show similar trends to other organisms in
 their macroecological patterns of abundance and spatial distribution.
 Here, we investigated fungal abundance-occupancy relationships to
 determine whether fungi that are common at a local scale tend to be more
 widely distributed. Location: UK and Switzerland Time period: 1950 - 2014
 Major taxa studied: Fungi Methods: We used a local dataset of fruiting
 records of 2,319 species in the UK, accumulated over 65 years, and one
 from Switzerland of 319 species, spanning 32 years. Using record number
 and occurrence as proxies for abundance, in each case we examined the form
 of species and rank abundance distributions, and compared these with
 distributions of records in the national databases over the same time. We
 plotted relationships of local number of records and regional occupancy,
 and calculated multi-scale indices of rarity for all fungal species.
 Results: There was a remarkable congruence in the patterns found in the UK
 and Switzerland. Regional assemblages are characterised by many rare
 species, while few are common (fitting the lognormal distribution).
 However, at local scales, distributions best fitted a power law,
 suggesting that habitat availability or dispersal processes may play
 important roles. Fungi with high local record number are densely
 distributed nationally, but unlike other organisms, locally rare fungi may
 also be densely distributed at a wider scale. Main conclusions: Fungal
 fruiting records can be used to infer patterns in fungal distributions.
 Abundances in local assemblages may be determined by the position of the
 assemblage in the overall geographic range of each species, dispersal
 ability and environmental filtering. We advocate the use of multiscale
 approaches to rarity in future fungal sampling programmes, to provide more
 reliable information for future conservation policy decisions and fungal
 biogeography.
description: Gange et al
 GEB-2018-0487 dataComplete abundance and
 occupancy data sets for UK and Switzerland. Lists all species
 found.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kv3dm37
title: Data from: Alien species richness is currently unbounded in all but the most urbanized bird communities

description: Urban areas suffer high pressure of introductions of alien species
 compared to other habitats due to intensive human activities. As trading
 globally continues to rise, more species will likely be introduced into
 urban areas. To determine whether this increase in introduction pressure
 will lead to increased alien species richness in urban areas, or whether
 other processes would act to impose an upper limit on species richness, we
 examined how the shape of the relationship between alien species richness
 and the number of introduced species over time (i.e. introduction
 pressure) varies along gradients of urbanization. We collected species
 composition data from urban bird surveys worldwide and used a global
 database of alien bird introductions to quantify how many species have
 been introduced over time at different sites. We found that urbanization
 gradually modified the shape of the studied relationship from linear to
 asymptotic. Only communities in extremely urbanized environments were
 associated with an asymptotic relationship, suggesting that alien bird
 richness has likely not reached its ecological limit in most urban areas.
 Our results show that urbanization can reduce the importance of
 introduction pressure in determining alien species richness. Additionally,
 the results predict that alien species richness will increase at finer
 spatial scales, especially if the introduced species can survive in urban
 areas outside of their native range.
description: Data_Tsang_et_alThis file contains all the necessary data to reproduce the results from Tsang et al. (2019).R script and explanation_Tsang_et_alThis is the R script (with explanation) used in Tsang et al. (2019)
DOI: 10.7927/1xjq-vq84
title: IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report LR Figure 3.3 (d) (Left burning embers): Heat-related morbidity and mortality

description: Heat-sensitive human health outcomes risks of morbidity and mortality, based on surface temperature change relative to 1850–1900, under different socio-economic pathways illustrating how development strategies and adaptation challenges influence risks across three scenarios of adaptation effectiveness. The diagrams are truncated at the nearest whole ºC within the range of global temperature change in 2100 under three SSP scenarios.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4q0c65c
title: Data from: Biological traits, phylogeny and human footprint signatures on the geographic range size of passerines (Order Passeriformes) worldwide

description: Aim Multiple hypotheses exist to explain the astonishing geographic range
 size variation across species, but these have rarely been tested under a
 unifying framework that simultaneously considers direct and indirect
 effects of ecological niche processes and evolutionary dynamics. Here, we
 jointly evaluate ecological and evolutionary hypotheses that may account
 for global interspecific patterns of range size in the most species-rich
 avian order: Passeriformes (perching birds). Location Global Time period
 CurrentMajor taxa studied Order Passeriformes Methods We used phylogenetic
 path analysis to test for the relationship between eight variables and
 range size. Our list of predictors included a set of niche-related
 variables (both Grinellian and Eltonian), species-specific morphological
 and life-history traits (body size, dispersal ability, fertility),
 extrinsic (human footprint) and evolutionary factors (time since
 divergence from the closest extant relative). Results We found that
 Grinellian (climatic) and Eltonian (trophic) niche breadth are critical to
 account for the observed patterns, followed by reproductive effort (as
 measured by clutch size). We also found a negative relationship between
 native range size and human footprint. The significant and positive
 relationship between niche breadth, either Grinnellian or Eltonian, and
 range size was consistent across all species, irrespective of their
 migratory/resident status or taxonomic grouping (Passeri vs. Tyranni).
 Main conclusions Globally, the range sizes of passerine species are
 associated with the Grinellian niche so that species with broader
 environmental tolerances exhibit larger geographic ranges. These findings
 give further empirical support to the positive niche breadth-range size
 relationship as a general pattern in ecology.
description: Species traits of
 Passeriformes used in Phylogenetic Path AnalysesBody size (BS),
 dispersal ability (DI), clutch size (CS),trophic niche breadth (TB),
 trophic position (TP), human footprint (H), climatic niche breadth (AET),
 divergence time (AGE) and range size (RS) data for 1830 species of
 Passeriformes worldwide. Further details on the dataset can be found in
 the Methods section of Olalla-Tárraga et al. (Global Ecology and
 Biogeography)Table_Sp.csv