cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.22033/esgf/cmip6.2924
title: BCC BCC-CSM2MR model output prepared for CMIP6 DAMIP hist-GHG

description: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets: These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.DAMIP.BCC.BCC-CSM2-MR.hist-GHG' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.
 
 The BCC-CSM 2 MR climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components:
 atmos: BCC_AGCM3_MR (T106; 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top level 1.46 hPa), land: BCC_AVIM2, ocean: MOM4 (1/3 deg 10S-10N, 1/3-1 deg 10-30 N/S, and 1 deg in high latitudes; 360 x 232 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: SIS2. 
The model was run by the Beijing Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China (BCC) in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. 

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.
DOI: 10.22033/esgf/cmip6.2925
title: BCC BCC-CSM2MR model output prepared for CMIP6 DAMIP hist-aer

description: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets: These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.DAMIP.BCC.BCC-CSM2-MR.hist-aer' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.
 
 The BCC-CSM 2 MR climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components:
 atmos: BCC_AGCM3_MR (T106; 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top level 1.46 hPa), land: BCC_AVIM2, ocean: MOM4 (1/3 deg 10S-10N, 1/3-1 deg 10-30 N/S, and 1 deg in high latitudes; 360 x 232 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: SIS2. 
The model was run by the Beijing Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China (BCC) in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. 

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.
DOI: 10.22033/esgf/cmip6.2929
title: BCC BCC-CSM2MR model output prepared for CMIP6 DAMIP hist-nat

description: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets: These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.DAMIP.BCC.BCC-CSM2-MR.hist-nat' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.
 
 The BCC-CSM 2 MR climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components:
 atmos: BCC_AGCM3_MR (T106; 320 x 160 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top level 1.46 hPa), land: BCC_AVIM2, ocean: MOM4 (1/3 deg 10S-10N, 1/3-1 deg 10-30 N/S, and 1 deg in high latitudes; 360 x 232 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: SIS2. 
The model was run by the Beijing Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China (BCC) in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 100 km, land: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km. 

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.
DOI: 10.22033/esgf/cmip6.4049
title: CNRM-CERFACS CNRM-ESM2-1 model output prepared for CMIP6 LUMIP hist-noLu

description: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets: These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.LUMIP.CNRM-CERFACS.CNRM-ESM2-1.hist-noLu' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.
 
 The CNRM-ESM2-1 climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components:
 aerosol: TACTIC_v2, atmos: Arpege 6.3 (T127; Gaussian Reduced with 24572 grid points in total distributed over 128 latitude circles (with 256 grid points per latitude circle between 30degN and 30degS reducing to 20 grid points per latitude circle at 88.9degN and 88.9degS); 91 levels; top level 78.4 km), atmosChem: REPROBUS-C_v2, land: Surfex 8.0c, ocean: Nemo 3.6 (eORCA1, tripolar primarily 1deg; 362 x 294 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: Pisces 2.s, seaIce: Gelato 6.1. 
The model was run by the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse 31057, France), CERFACS (Centre Europeen de Recherche et de Formation Avancee en Calcul Scientifique, Toulouse 31057, France) (CNRM-CERFACS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. 

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vbcvj3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is CHN.30_1",
 "TaxonKey is Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006452-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/455d73d4cb43514e503826211eba4e99
title: Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network: Long term chloride concentration from 529 lakes and reservoirs around North America and Europe: 1940-2016

description: This dataset compiles long term chloride concentration data from 529
 freshwater lakes and reservoirs in Europe and North America. All lakes
 in the dataset had greater than or equal to ten years of data. For
 each lake the following landscape and climate metrics were calculated:
 mean annual precipitation, mean monthly air temperatures, road density
 and impervious surface in 100 to 1500 m buffer zones, sea salt
 deposition. The dataset includes three files: 1) Descriptive data of
 lake sites (physical lake metrics, climate, land-cover
 characteristics), 2) Chloride time-series, and 3) GIS shapefiles.
DOI: 10.60594/w43s3r
title: Fire Dynamic Vision for tracking fire and plume behavior across scales: Case Studies from Tall Timbers and the Jones Center from 2019-2023

description: Sample data and Fire Dynamic Vision (FDV) code for experiments in the paper: Sagel, D., & Quaife, B. (2025). Fire dynamic vision: Image segmentation and tracking for multi-scale fire and plume behavior. Environmental Modelling & Software, 185, 106286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106286This repository contains infrared and visual video data for three experiments presented in the paper listed above. In particular, the datasets areInfrared dataset of fire spread (infrared_fire.mat)Visual video of fire spread (visual_fire.mp4)Visual video of plume evolution (visual_plume.mp4 or image sequence within 'visual_plume_frames' directory)Each video dataset has a corresponding file with sample FDV code that performs the processing steps described in our paper (infrared_fire.m, visual_fire.m, visual_plume.m) and a shared file that visualizes all output and results from the FDV code (visualize.m). The code files contain suggested values from the paper, but you are invited to experiment with the datasets and try your own! The output of the code includes images of plume/fire boundaries, statistical characterizations of velocities and burn times, inpainted images, and labelled datasets. The 'Examples' directory contains sample output from each of the above files.These codes and data are identical to https://github.com/quaife/FDV_Data (commit 19da028be9de6f2f8b83c672d0caf07514968de0).
DOI: 10.2909/5c6763f3-834c-4b9a-ba3a-bc3c14f85875
title: Snow Phenology S1&S2 2016-present (raster 60 m), Europe, annually

description: This is the metadata covering the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Snow Phenology (SPS1S2) product. It is generated once a year over high-mountain areas at European scale, based on daily cumulative Gap-Filled Fractional Snow Cover (GFSC) products calculated from Sentinel-2 optical and Sentinel-1 radar data. This product describes the snow season in terms of temporality as it provides, for each pixel, the number of days with snow cover, as well as the first and the last day of the longest observed snow period. It has a spatial resolution of 60 m x 60 m, as does the input GFSC product.
Each product is composed of separate files corresponding to the different layers of the product, and another metadata file."
The product is also available in another projection as tiles aligned with the Pan-European High-Resolution Layers in the European grid (ETRS89 LAEA - EPSG: 3035) at 60 m x 60 m and 100 m x 100 m.
SP S2+S2 is one of the products of the pan-European High-Resolution Water Snow & Ice portfolio (HR-WSI), which are provided at high spatial resolution from the Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 constellations data from September 1, 2016 onwards.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15273307
title: Twistor-EBIKK-β as a Theory of Everything: Unification Blueprint

description: This work presents a unified framework within Twistor-Entropic-BornInfeld-Kaluza-Klein-β (Twistor-EBIKK-β) gravity that incorporates all fundamental interactions and matter generations. The model achieves consistent unification through geometric constraints on twistor bundles while predicting testable signatures across energy scales.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15273308
title: Twistor-EBIKK-β as a Theory of Everything: Unification Blueprint

description: This work presents a unified framework within Twistor-Entropic-BornInfeld-Kaluza-Klein-β (Twistor-EBIKK-β) gravity that incorporates all fundamental interactions and matter generations. The model achieves consistent unification through geometric constraints on twistor bundles while predicting testable signatures across energy scales.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/7jhqry
title: Oregon, USA High School Open Campus Policies and Environmental Variables

description: This dataset includes open/closed campus policy status for 200 public high schools in Oregon, USA. Policy holdings were collected in fall 2017. Additional environmental variables describing within and around-school characteristics are also included. These variables derive from several publicly available sources including, walkscore.com, 2010-2014 American Community Survey, 2010 Decennial Census data, locational data from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and TDLinex, and U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,” 2014-15.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/gatydp
title: Wright Casebook Edited; Docketed Case: 17,565
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/l63skf
title: House Unpassed Legislation 1873, H 141 adopted resolutions, SC1/series 230, Petition of John Warren

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Charles Sumner resolution &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25950495"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25950495&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: (unknown) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Auburn &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: Joshua B. Smith, Cambridge; committee on federal relations &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selected signatures:&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;John Warren&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Elbridge G. Warren&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Elnathan Davis&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A.M. Ward&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Actions taken on dates: 1873-03-06,1873-03-07 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action: Received in the House on March 6, 1873 and referred to the committee on federal relations and sent for concurrence and received in the Senate on March 7, 1873 and concurred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 41 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative action summary: Received, referred, sent, received, concurred &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legal voter signatures (males not identified as non-legal): 41 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female only signatures: No &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identifications of signatories: voters, ["others"] &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayer format was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing"&gt;printed&lt;/a&gt; vs. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"&gt;manuscript&lt;/a&gt;: Printed &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: no additional documents &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional archivist notes: To rescind and annul the censure of Charles Sumner for resolution on Civil War battle honors on regimental flags &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: House Unpassed 1873, H 141 adopted resolutions &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/5mx2xq
title: PDB - 2GHW - SARS-CoV Spike RBD in complex with neutralizing antibody 80R, (313K, 40°C, 100 ns): RMSD, SASA, RMSF, Rg, H-bonds

description: PDB - 2GHW - SARS-CoV Spike RBD in complex with neutralizing antibody 80R, (313K, 40°C, 100 ns): RMSD, SASA, RMSF, Rg, H-bonds
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/6wtq5b
title: Mali (2007): Enquete TRaC pour Evaluer les Determinants de Mutilations Genitales Feminines a Bamako Premier Passage

description: PSI/Mali, sur financement de la KfW, a mis en oeuvre un programme de communication en vue de lutter contre les mutilations genitales feminines et contribuer ainsi a ameliorer la qualite de la sante reproductive des femmes Maliennes. L'objet de cette etude est de faire une evaluation de base afin d'identifier les facteurs qui peuvent favoriser la mise en oeuvre du programme de leutte contre les mutilations genitales feminines et les actions a entreprendre dans l'avenir pour decourager ceux qui ont l'intention d'exciser leur fille. Cette etude est basee sur des interviews individuelles realisees aupres d'un echantillon de 1326 personnes (861 femmes et 465 hommes). Un sondage aleatoire stratifie a deux degre a ete utilise. Ces personnes ont ete identifiees dans les menages ayant au moins une fille non-excisee. Dans les menages retenus, l'enquete a concerne toutes les femmes ayant au moins une fille non-excisee et au moins un homme si possible dans le dit menage.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.augqwu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Cleptornis marchei (Oustalet, 1889))",
 "Country is one of (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French part), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015180-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/f4uyzq
title: Replication Data for: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale - Prevalence and demographic correlates of Orthorexia nervosa among Chinese university students

description: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale - Prevalence and demographic correlates of Orthorexia nervosa among Chinese university students
DOI: 10.15468/dl.38v7x2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Machine Observation, Occurrence evidence, Observation)",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Cleptornis marchei (Oustalet, 1889))",
 "Country is one of (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, State of, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0015179-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/kqnfyx
title: Restricted data for: DOES (ALL) POLICE VIOLENCE CAUSE DE-POLICING? EVIDENCE FROM GEORGE FLOYD AND POLICE SHOOTINGS IN MINNEAPOLIS

description: In this repository, you can find all the raw datafiles needed to replicate in Mikdash & Zaiour (2022), including 911 calls, arrest records, and police shootings. Since arrest records contain personally identifiable information, they are available under light restrictions.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/gcu6mw
title: Passed Acts; St. 1843, c.69, SC1/series 229

description: &lt;p&gt;Petition subject: Great Massachusetts Petition &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Original: &lt;a href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:13448109"&gt;http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:13448109&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Date of creation: (unknown) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Petition location: Templeton &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total signatures: 51 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Unidentified signatures: 51 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: additional documents available &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional archivist notes: George Latimer [note: this data reflects the information on the spreadsheet submitted by Henry I. Bowditch and William F. Channing to the legislature, which was filed with St. 1843, c.69, passed April 26, 1843. The majority of the Great Massachusetts Petition has not been located.] &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: St. 1843, c.69, passed April 26, 1843 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.&lt;/p&gt;