cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48322/9srb-jb74
title: Cluster-Tango Prime Parameter Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Data
title: Cluster 4 Prime Parameter EDI data

description: This instrument (EDI: Electron Drift Instrument) measures the drift of a weak beam of test electrons that, when emitted in certain directions, return to the spacecraft after one gyration. This drift is related to the electric field and the gradient in the magnetic field, and these quantities can, by the use of different electron energies, be determined separately. The fundamental time step to determine the new parameters and direct the beams and the detectors is 2 ms. Inter-experiment links include: magnetic field information from FGM and STAFF, a blanking pulse received from WHISPER to warn of possible interference from that active experiment, and a similar blanking pulse sent to PEACE when the EDI electron beam could interfere with the PEACE electron measurement. For more details of the Cluster mission, the spacecraft, and its instruments, see the report Cluster: mission, payload and supporting activities, March 1993, ESA SP-1159, and the included article The Electron Drift Instrument for Cluster, by G. Paschmann et al., from which this information was obtained.
DOI: 10.48322/r9x4-x639
title: CNOFS CINDI IVM 500 ms Ion Drift Data

description: This data set contains plasma parameters of the equatorial F-region in the ionosphere measured by the Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) of the Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI) payload on board the CNOFS spacecraft. Data are available in HDF format, with an IDL program to read and plot them. Each file contains data from one day of spacecraft operation and the file contains eight primary geophysical parameters: the ion temperature (Ti) in degrees Kelvin, the ion flow in m/s in the ram (i.e.--spacecraft velocity) direction (+Vx in the direction of spacecraft velocity), the ion flows in m/s in the horizontal and vertical directions (Vy and Vz) at right angles to the ram direction (+Vz is downward, +Vy is roughly southward), the total ion density (Ni) (the sum of O+ and H+ and He+ concentrations) in ions/cc, and the individual H+, He+, and O+ concentrations in ions/cc. In addition, ion velocities also are given in the coordinate system of the local magnetic field (parallel, perpendicular, and meridional) in the plots and as ASCII data on the UT Dallas website. Based on the IGRF model, the data are transformed into magnetic coordinates only if all three ion velocities in the spacecraft coordinates are available and good.
DOI: 10.48322/xnnr-w563
title: CNOFS PLP 1-sec plasma preliminary data

description: Plasma structures at 400-850km altitudes in the equatorial ionosphere have been measured by the C/NOFS Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP). This PLP data set contains 1-sec resolution ion number density and its standard deviation, electron density, electron temperature, spacecraft potential, and spacecraft position in geodetic coordinates. As of 5/13/2010, the data were preliminary.
DOI: 10.48322/vbt7-gj03
title: CNOFS VEFI 1-sec Magnetic Field preliminary data

description: This data set contains magnetic field data from the fluxgate magnetometer associated with the C/NOFS Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI). The data include 1-sec resolution magnetic field components (North, West, Up) and spacecraft positions. As of 5/13/2010, the data were preliminary.
DOI: 10.48322/1dcn-xp86
title: CNOFS VEFI 1-sec Electric Field preliminary data

description: This C/NOFS Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) data set contains measurements of (magnetic) meridional and zonal components of electric fields and ExB drift velocities. Data are at 1-sec resolution.
DOI: 10.48322/pv2n-aj92
title: CNOFS VEFI 500-msec Optical Lightning Data

description: This data set contains the low rate data from the C/NOFS Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) lightning detector during nighttime passes of the satellite along its low inclination (13 degree) orbit and within the altitude domain defined by the satellite's perigee and apogee of 401 km and 867 km, respectively. Two photodiodes measure white light irradiance at 2 Hz in 7 threshold values and in 2 look directions (north and south). Data are at 0.5-sec resolution. The lightning detector data may be used to identify a possible relationship between the occurrence of lightning and the occurrence of Spread-F caused, deep density dropouts in the ionosphere. Reference: Jacobson et al, J Atm Ocean Tech, 2011, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00047.1
DOI: 10.48322/8e23-cz17
title: CRRES MEA 1-min electron distribution functions

description: This data set holds 1-min resolution electron distributions from the Medium Electron Sensor/Analyzer (MEA) on the CRRES spacecraft. The data consists of counting rates from 17 energy channels in the range of 0.1-2 MeV and 19 pitch angle bins at 1 minute time intervals. The average flux, 90 degree flux and N value are included. Also included are the spacecraft geographic coordinates and altitude, L shell, and the local and equatorial magnetic field magnitudes from the 1977 Olson-Pfitzer model of the earth's geomagnetic field. The raw high resolution (0.512 sec) data and documentation of raw data can be obtained via ftp from NSSDC.
DOI: 10.48322/brd0-ak96
title: CSSWE REPTile Level 2 6-s Flux

description: This data set contains Level 2 flux data from the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment (REPTile)on board the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) CubeSat. Electrons and protons are measured in five energy ranges in units of differential flux (number/MeV/s/sr/cm²)including: E1: flux for electrons E= 0.5-1.63 MeV E2: flux for electrons E= 1.63-3.8 MeV P1: flux for protons P= 9-18 MeV P2: flux for protons P= 18-30 MeV P3: flux for protons P= 30-40 MeV Electrons from E3 are measured in units of integral flux (number/s/sr/cm²) for E>3.8 MeV. All flux, in units of number per 6 seconds, have been corrected for transmission and temperature noise. L is calculated using the IGRF magnetic field model. Geographic latitude, longitude and altitude (km) are provided.
DOI: 10.48322/dy3g-xz52
title: CSSWE REPTile Level 1 6-s Counts and Position

description: This data set contains Level 1 corrected count rates from the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment (REPTile)on board the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) CubeSat. Electron counts are provided for 0.5-1.7 MeV, 1.7-3.3 MeV, and >3.3 MeV. Proton counts are provided for 9-18 MeV, 19-30 MeV, and 30-40 MeV. All counts, in units of number per 6 seconds, have been corrected for transmission and temperature noise. L is calculated using the IGRF magnetic field model. Geographic latitude, longitude and altitude (km) are provided.
DOI: 10.48322/1gca-r323
title: DE 1 Energetic Ion Composition Spectrometer (EICS) Validated Summary Data
title: DE-A EICS Validated Summary Data

description: This Validated Summary (VS) data set from the DE 1 Energetic Ion Composition Spectrometer (EICS) contains 96-second averaged fluxes (in units of 1/(cm^2-sec-sr-keV) ) for H+, O+, and He+ ions in 15 energy (~0.01 to ~20 keV) and 14 pitch angle bins. It also includes data uncertainties, data quality indicators, and spacecraft position. Data are in CDF format from CDAWeb.
DOI: 10.48322/wma0-gq05
title: DE 1 8-sec Position Data
title: DE-A 8 Second Orbit and Attitude Data

description: Two Dynamics Explorer (DE) spacecraft were launched August 3, 1981, and placed into coplanar polar orbits with DE-1 in a highly elliptical orbit and DE-2 in a lower more circular orbit. The primary objective of the DE program was to investigate magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere coupling processes. The DE mission provided a wealth of new information on a wide variety of magnetospheric plasma wave phenomena including auroral kilometric radiation, auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, narrow-band electromagnetic emissions associated with equatorial upper hybrid waves, whistler mode emissions, wave-particle interactions stimulated by ground VLF transmitters, equatorial ion cyclotron emissions, ion Bernstein mode emissions, and electric field turbulence along the auroral field lines. These files contain 8 second resolution emphemeris and spacecraft attitude parameters that coincide with DE-1 telemetry frames containing PWI lowrate data. These parameters are not to be taken as an authoritative set, but are convenient when working with PWI science data products. Most of these data are provided in the Geocentric Equatorial Inertial (GEI) TOD reference frame. The Z axis of the GEI frame is parallel to Earth's spin axis; the X axis points towards the First Point of Aries with the Y axis aligned so as to generate a right-handed coordinate system.
DOI: 10.48322/hx4p-3v35
title: DE 1 Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) Low Frequency Correlator Electric and Magnetic Field Spectral Density
title: DE-A PWI LFC Spectra

description: Two Dynamics Explorer (DE) spacecraft were launched August 3, 1981, and placed into coplanar polar orbits with DE-1 in a highly elliptical orbit and DE-2 in a lower more circular orbit. The primary objective of the DE program was to investigate magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere coupling processes. The DE mission provided a wealth of new information on a wide variety of magnetospheric plasma wave phenomena including auroral kilometric radiation, auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, narrow-band electromagnetic emissions associated with equatorial upper hybrid waves, whistler mode emissions, wave-particle interactions stimulated by ground VLF transmitters, equatorial ion cyclotron emissions, ion Bernstein mode emissions, and electric field turbulence along the auroral field lines. These files contain calibrated, full resolution, data from the DE-1 Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI). This instrument was designed and built by the plasma wave group at The University of Iowa, Department of Physics and Astronomy, in collaboration with investigators at Stanford University's STAR Laboratory. It measured plasma wave phenomena and quasi-static electric fields using paired combinations of five PWI sensors: a 200m tip-to-tip long wire electric antenna deployed in the spacecraft spin plane, a 9m tip-to-tip tubular electric antenna deployed along the spacecraft spin axis, a short 0.6m electric antenna, mounted on the boom and oriented parallel to the long wire antenna, a magnetic loop antenna mounted on the boom and oriented to measure the component of the magnetic field parallel to the long wire antenna, and a magnetic search coil antenna, also mounted on a boom and oriented to measure the magnetic field parallel to the spacecraft spin axis. The PWI main electronics unit consisted of a Step Frequency Correlator (SFC), a Low Frequency Correlator (LFC), a Wideband Analog Receiver (WBR) and a Linear Wave Receiver (LWR). Only the LFC data are included in these files. The SFC data were provided in a companion fileset. A dataset containing available high rate WBR LWR data may be provided in future archive products. The LFC consisted of two receivers (LFR-A and LFR-B) with 8 analog channels each. The analog channels were centered at 1.78, 3.12, 5.62, 10.0, 17.8, 31.2, 56.2 and 100 Hz. Each channel's band-edge was at +/-15% of the center value. Each LFR in the LFC could be connected to either the Ex, Es, Ez, or H antenna during an 8 second major frame. In addition, the Low Frequency Correlator provided in-phase and quadrature-phase correlations of signals from any selected antenna pair. Phase data are not provided in this file set.
DOI: 10.48322/cb14-a164
title: DE 1 Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) Step Frequency Correlator Electric and Magnetic Field Spectral Density
title: DE-A PWI SFC Spectra

description: Two Dynamics Explorer (DE) spacecraft were launched August 3, 1981, and placed into coplanar polar orbits with DE-1 in a highly elliptical orbit and DE-2 in a lower more circular orbit. The primary objective of the DE program was to investigate magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere coupling processes. The DE mission provided a wealth of new information on a wide variety of magnetospheric plasma wave phenomena including auroral kilometric radiation, auroral hiss, Z mode radiation, narrow-band electromagnetic emissions associated with equatorial upper hybrid waves, whistler mode emissions, wave-particle interactions stimulated by ground VLF transmitters, equatorial ion cyclotron emissions, ion Bernstein mode emissions, and electric field turbulence along the auroral field lines. These files contain calibrated, full resolution, data from the DE-1 Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI). This instrument was designed and built by the plasma wave group at The University of Iowa, Department of Physics and Astronomy, in collaboration with investigators at Stanford University's STAR Laboratory. It measured plasma wave phenomena and quasi-static electric fields using paired combinations of five PWI sensors: a 200m tip-to-tip long wire electric antenna deployed in the spacecraft spin plane, a 9m tip-to-tip tubular electric antenna deployed along the spacecraft spin axis, a short 0.6m electric antenna, mounted on the boom and oriented parallel to the long wire antenna, a magnetic loop antenna mounted on the boom and oriented to measure the component of the magnetic field parallel to the long wire antenna, and a magnetic search coil antenna, also mounted on a boom and oriented to measure the magnetic field parallel to the spacecraft spin axis. The PWI main electronics unit consisted of a Step Frequency Correlator (SFC), a Low Frequency Correlator (LFC), a Wideband Analog Receiver (WBR) and a Linear Wave Receiver (LWR). Only the SFC data are included in these files. The LFC data were provided in a companion fileset. A dataset containing available high rate WBR LWR data may be provided in the future. The SFC consisted of two Step Frequency Receivers (SFR-A and SFR-B) which provided amplitude measurements of the electric and magnetic fields from 100 Hz to 400 kHz and in-phase and quadrature-phase correlations of signals from any selected antenna pair. Phase data are not provided in these datasets.
DOI: 10.48322/t7ya-6231
title: DE 1 Spin-Scan Auroral Imager UV Images
title: DE-A Spin-Scan Auroral Imager UV Images

description: This data set contains ultraviolet images in quasi-logarithmically compressed counts from the vacuum ultraviolet imaging photometer of the Spin-Scan Auroral Imager (SAI) flown on DE 1. The time resolution was 3 to 12 minutes per image. Also included are the GCI position vector, velocity vector and spin axis of the spacecraft. Data are available in CDF format from CDAWeb.
DOI: 10.48322/reef-jt02
title: DE 2 250ms IDM Ion Drift Velocities
title: DE-B IDM Ion Drift Velocities

description: This data set contains cross-track ion drift velocities obtained at 250ms resolution from the DE 2 Ion Drift Meter (IDM). Data are available in ASCII from nssdcftp and in CDF format from CDAWeb (as well as CDAWeb plots and lists).
DOI: 10.48322/yq6h-5g10
title: DE 2 500ms Langmuir Probe (LANG) Te and Ni data
title: DE-B LANG data

description: This data set contains electron temperatures and ion densities obtained at 500ms resolution from the DE 2 Langmuir Probe (LANG). Data are available in ASCII from nssdcftp and in CDF format from CDAWeb (as well as CDAWeb plots and lists).
DOI: 10.48322/j8kp-5y58
title: DE 2 1-sec NACS Temperature and Composition data
title: DE-B NACS data

description: This data set containss, at 1-sec resolution, the neutral temperature and the densities (and % error) of O, N2, He, N, and Ar from the Neutral Atmosphere Composition Spectrometer (NACS) flown on DE 2. Composition data are most reliable at altitudes less than 500 km. Data are available in ASCII from nssdcftp and in CDF format from CDAWeb (as well as CDAWeb plots and lists).
DOI: 10.48322/aab6-jj49
title: DE 2 16ms Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) Ion Densities
title: DE-B RPA Ion Density

description: This data set contains total ion densities obtained at 16ms resolution from the DE 2 Retarding Potential Analyzer. Corrections for spacecraft potential were included in the density determinations. Data are available in ASCII from nssdcftp and in CDF format from CDAWeb (as well as CDAWeb plots and lists). The data span the 18-month DE 2 lifetime, except for a gap from 1981/317 to 1982/057.
DOI: 10.48322/41b3-kz41
title: DE 2 2s Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) Ion Plasma Parameters
title: DE-B RPA Ion Plasma

description: This data set contains the following plasma parameters at 16ms resolution from the DE 2 Retarding Potential Analyzer: ion drift velocity, ion temperature, densities of all ions and of O+, H+, He+, molecular, and high mass ions. Data are available in ASCII from nssdcftp and in CDF format from CDAWeb (as well as CDAWeb plots and lists). The data span the 18-month DE 2 lifetime, except for a gap from 1981/317 to 1982/041.
DOI: 10.48322/x1km-9q17
title: DE 2 Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) AC Electric Field Spectrometers, A, B, and C, all frequency channels, Spacecraft, SC, coordinates, PT0.5S Data

description: The Dynamics Explorer 2, DE 2, Vector Electric Field Instrument, VEFI, used flight-proven double-probe techniques with 20-m baselines to obtain measurements of DC electric fields. This electric field investigation had the following objectives:

* 1) Obtain accurate and comprehensive triaxial DC electric field measurements at ionospheric altitudes in order to refine the basic spatial patterns
* 2) Define the large-scale time history of these patterns
* 3) Study the small-scale temporal and spatial variations within the overall patterns
* 4) Study the degree to which and in what region the electric field projects to the equatorial plane
* 5) Obtain measurements of extreme low frequency, ELF, and lower frequency irregular structures
* 6) Perform numerous correlative studies

The VEFI instrument consisted of six cylindrical elements 11 m long and 28 mm in diameter. Each antenna was insulated from the plasma except for the outer 2 m. The baseline, or distance between the midpoints of these 2-m active elements, was 20 m. The antennas were interlocked along the edges to prevent oscillation and to increase their rigidity against drag forces. The antenna pair perpendicular to the orbit plane did not deploy. The basic electronic system was very similar in concept to those used on IMP-8 and ISEE 1, but modified for a three-axis measurement on a nonspinning spacecraft. At the core of the system were the high-impedance 1.0E12 ohm preamplifiers whose outputs were accurately subtracted and digitized at 14-bit analog to digital, A/D, conversion for sensitivity to about 0.1 µV/m to maintain high resolution, for subsequent removal of the cross-product of the spacecraft velocity, Vsc, and magnetic field, B, vectors in data processing. This provided the basic DC measurement. Other circuitry was used to aid in interpreting the DC data and to measure rapid variations in the signals detected by the antennas. The planned DC electric field range was i±1 V/m, the planned resolution was 0.1 mV/m, and the variational electric field was measured from 4 Hz to 1024 Hz. The DC electric field was measured at 16 samples/s. The variational electric field was measured from 1 µV/m to 10 mV/m root mean square, RMS. Additional details are found in N.C. Maynard et al., Space Sci. Instrum., 5(4), 523, 1981.
DOI: 10.48322/0s61-a111
title: DE 2 Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) DC Electric Field X and Y components, Spacecraft, SC, coordinates, PT0.5S Data

description: The Dynamics Explorer 2, DE 2, Vector Electric Field Instrument, VEFI, used flight-proven double-probe techniques with 20-m baselines to obtain measurements of DC electric fields. This electric field investigation had the following objectives:

* 1) Obtain accurate and comprehensive triaxial DC electric field measurements at ionospheric altitudes in order to refine the basic spatial patterns
* 2) Define the large-scale time history of these patterns
* 3) Study the small-scale temporal and spatial variations within the overall patterns
* 4) Study the degree to which and in what region the electric field projects to the equatorial plane
* 5) Obtain measurements of extreme low frequency, ELF, and lower frequency irregular structures
* 6) Perform numerous correlative studies

The VEFI instrument consisted of six cylindrical elements 11 m long and 28 mm in diameter. Each antenna was insulated from the plasma except for the outer 2 m. The baseline, or distance between the midpoints of these 2-m active elements, was 20 m. The antennas were interlocked along the edges to prevent oscillation and to increase their rigidity against drag forces. The antenna pair perpendicular to the orbit plane did not deploy. The basic electronic system was very similar in concept to those used on IMP-8 and ISEE 1, but modified for a three-axis measurement on a nonspinning spacecraft. At the core of the system were the high-impedance 1.0E12 ohm preamplifiers whose outputs were accurately subtracted and digitized at 14-bit analog to digital, A/D, conversion for sensitivity to about 0.1 µV/m to maintain high resolution, for subsequent removal of the cross-product of the spacecraft velocity, Vsc, and magnetic field, B, vectors in data processing. This provided the basic DC measurement. Other circuitry was used to aid in interpreting the DC data and to measure rapid variations in the signals detected by the antennas. The planned DC electric field range was i±1 V/m, the planned resolution was 0.1 mV/m, and the variational electric field was measured from 4 Hz to 1024 Hz. The DC electric field was measured at 16 samples/s. The variational electric field was measured from 1 µV/m to 10 mV/m root mean square, RMS. Additional details are found in N.C. Maynard et al., Space Sci. Instrum., 5(4), 523, 1981.
DOI: 10.48322/z50y-hd65
title: DE 2 2s WATS Wind Velocity, Density and Temperature data
title: DE-B WATS data

description: This data set contains, at 2-sec resolution, the neutral wind horizontal velocity, temperature and density from the Wind and Temperature Spectrometer (WATS) flown on DE 2. Data are available in ASCII from nssdcftp and in CDF format from CDAWeb (as well as CDAWeb plots and lists).
DOI: 10.48322/g7ht-c763
title: Cluster-Salsa Prime Parameter Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Data
title: Cluster 2 Prime Parameter EDI data

description: This instrument (EDI: Electron Drift Instrument) measures the drift of a weak beam of test electrons that, when emitted in certain directions, return to the spacecraft after one gyration. This drift is related to the electric field and the gradient in the magnetic field, and these quantities can, by the use of different electron energies, be determined separately. The fundamental time step to determine the new parameters and direct the beams and the detectors is 2 ms. Inter-experiment links include: magnetic field information from FGM and STAFF, a blanking pulse received from WHISPER to warn of possible interference from that active experiment, and a similar blanking pulse sent to PEACE when the EDI electron beam could interfere with the PEACE electron measurement. For more details of the Cluster mission, the spacecraft, and its instruments, see the report Cluster: mission, payload and supporting activities, March 1993, ESA SP-1159, and the included article The Electron Drift Instrument for Cluster, by G. Paschmann et al., from which this information was obtained.