DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk10
title: Assessing the use of HL7 FHIR for implementing the FAIR guiding principles: A case study of the MIMIC-IV emergency department module

description: Objective To assess the use of Health Level Seven Fast Healthcare
 Interoperability Resources (FHIR®) for implementing the Findable,
 Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable guiding principles for scientific
 data (FAIR). Additionally, present a list of FAIR implementation choices
 for supporting future FAIR implementations that use FHIR. Material and
 Methods A case study was conducted on the Medical Information Mart for
 Intensive Care-IV Emergency Department dataset (MIMIC-ED), a deidentified
 clinical dataset converted into FHIR. The FAIRness of this dataset was
 assessed using a set of common FAIR assessment indicators. Results The
 FHIR distribution of MIMIC-ED, comprising an implementation guide and demo
 data, was more FAIR compared to the non-FHIR distribution. The FAIRness
 score increased from 60 to 82 out of 95 points, a relative improvement of
 37%. The most notable improvements were observed in interoperability, with
 a score increase from 5 to 19 out of 19 points, and reusability, with a
 score increase from 8 to 14 out of 24 points. A total of 14 FAIR
 implementation choices were identified. Discussion Our work examined how
 and to what extent the FHIR standard contributes to FAIR data. Challenges
 arose from interpreting the FAIR assessment indicators. This study stands
 out for providing a real-world example of a dataset that was made more
 FAIR using FHIR. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the
 first study that formally assessed the conformance of a FHIR dataset to
 the FAIR principles. FHIR improved the accessibility, interoperability,
 and reusability of MIMIC-ED. Future research should focus on implementing
 FHIR in research data infrastructures. Keywords: FAIR Guiding Principles,
 HL7 FHIR, Reusable Data, MIMIC-IV
description: The authors of the paper collected the dataset. 
description: Microsoft Word (.docx files) or Microsoft Excel (.csv
 files) (Open-source alternatives: LibreOffice,
 OpenOffice) The data files (.csv) can also be opened
 using any text editor, R, etc.
description: # FAIR Indicator Scores and Qualitative Comments This dataset belongs as
 supplementary material to the paper entitled "Assessing the Use of
 HL7 FHIR for Implementing the FAIR Guiding Principles: A Case Study of the
 MIMIC-IV Emergency Department Module". ## Description of the data and
 file structure This dataset describes the indicator scores and qualitative
 comments of the FAIR data assessment of the Medical Information Mart for
 Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV Emergency Department Module. Two distributions
 of the Emergency Department module were assessed, the PhysioNet
 distribution and the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)
 distribution. This dataset consists of two files: (1) PhysioNet.csv
 containing the data of the PhysioNet distribution; and (2) FHIR.csv
 containing the data of the FHIR distribution. Both files share the same
 structure and fields. * Indicator ID: an ID corresponding to the IDs
 listed in Table 1 of the paper, which refer to a Research Data Alliance
 FAIR Data Maturity Model indicator. * Score Rater A: the indicator score
 given by rater A after the assessment (binary, 0 or 1). * Motivation Rater
 A: a textual motivation for the score given by rater A. * Score Rater B:
 the indicator score given by rater B after the assessment (binary, 0 or
 1). * Motivation Rater B: a textual motivation for the score given by
 rater B. * Motivation Rater C: a textual motivation for the final score
 given by rater C (only if there was disagreement between rater A and B). *
 Final Score: the final indicator score, based on agreement between rater A
 and B, or in case of disagreement, the score of rater C. Note on missing
 values (Motivation fields): * If a rater scored an indicator and provided
 no motivation, the Motivation value is "No motivation provided".
 * If a rater did not score an indicator and, therefore, provided no
 motivation, the Motivation value is "n/a". ## Sharing/Access
 information Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: *
 The data is not available elsewhere Data was derived from the following
 sources: * The data was generated during experiments and not derived from
 other sources