DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c70gv
title: Data from: High diversity and widespread occurrence of mitotic spore mats in ectomycorrhizal Pezizales

description: Fungal mitospores may function as dispersal units and/ or spermatia and
 thus play a role in distribution and/or mating of species that produce
 them. Mitospore production in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Pezizales is rarely
 reported, but here we document mitospore production by a high diversity of
 EcM Pezizales on three continents, in both hemispheres. We sequenced the
 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU) nuclear
 rDNA from 292 spore mats (visible mitospore clumps) collected in
 Argentina, Chile, China, Mexico and the USA between 2009 and 2012. We
 collated spore mat ITS sequences with 105 fruit body and 47 EcM root
 sequences to generate operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Phylogenetic
 inferences were made through analyses of both molecular data sets. A total
 of 48 OTUs from spore mats represented six independent EcM Pezizales
 lineages and included truffles and cup fungi. Three clades of seven OTUs
 have no known meiospore stage. Mitospores failed to germinate on sterile
 media, or form ectomycorrhizas on Quercus, Pinus and Populus seedlings,
 consistent with a hypothesized role of spermatia. The broad geographic
 range, high frequency and phylogenetic diversity of spore mats produced by
 EcM Pezizales suggests that a mitospore stage is important for many
 species in this group in terms of mating, reproduction and/or dispersal.
description: Hydnobolites_sporemat_measurementsPachyphloeus_sporemat_measurementsterfezia_peziza_depressa_sporemat_measurementsPezizales_mitospore_measurementsThis file has mitospore measurements taken from 1 mm square of sporemat and counted on a hemocytometer under bright field microscopy at 1000x. Genus of Pezizales is in the field header to the left of rows, and the header over the collector number in the header for each column of spore measurements, which are in micrometers. At the top of the sheet are averages calculated for the 1 mm square of sporemat from which the spores were taken.Ectomycorrhizal contaminants on experimental rootsThese ectomycorrhizal roots were selected and sequenced by ME Smith, RA Healy and GM Bonito in May of 2011. They come from sequenced root tips from axenically grown seedlings that were inoculated with mitospores, and then transferred to a growth chamber including other inoculated plants. None of the mitospore phylotypes were recovered from root tips, but three contaminant ectomycorrhizal species were sequenced from the roots. We think they came from water splash during watering of adjacent pots that had been purposely inoculated with Tuber borchii. Identifications were from ITS sequence similarity at 97%.Pezizaceae_LSU_alnmntPezizaceae LSU alignment in FASTA format, missing data is represented by "?" Sources of sequences include ascocarps, mitospore mats (taxon name preceded by "AM")and ectomycorrhizal roots (taxon name preceded by "EM")PezizalesExclPezizaceaeLSUPezizales exclusive of Pezizaceae LSU alignment in FASTA format, missing data is represented by "?" Sources of sequences include ascocarps, mitospore mats (taxon name preceded by "AM")and ectomycorrhizal roots (taxon name preceded by "EM")Hydnobolites_ITS_alignmentThis is an alignment of ITS sequences (ITS1, 5.8s, ITS2) from fruit bodies, ectomycorrhizal roots and mitotic spore mats.Pachyphloeus_alignment_ITSPachyphloeus ITS alignment in FASTA format, Ambiguously aligned regions were excluded in GBlocks using the least stringent setting (Castresana, 2000; Talavera & Castresana, 2007), missing data is represented by "?" Sources of sequences include ascocarps, mitospore mats (taxon name preceded by "AM")and ectomycorrhizal roots (taxon name preceded by "EM").terfezia-peziz_ITS_algnmntTerfezia-peziza depress clade ITS alignment in FASTA format, Ambiguously aligned regions were excluded in GBlocks using the least stringent setting (Castresana, 2000; Talavera & Castresana, 2007), missing data is represented by "?" Sources of sequences include ascocarps, mitospore mats (taxon name preceded by "AM")and ectomycorrhizal roots (taxon name preceded by "EM").Tuber_ITS_alignmentTuber ITS alignment in FASTA format, Ambiguously aligned regions were excluded in GBlocks using the least stringent setting (Castresana, 2000; Talavera & Castresana, 2007), missing data is represented by "?" Sources of sequences include ascocarps, mitospore mats (taxon name preceded by "AM")and ectomycorrhizal roots (taxon name preceded by "EM").