cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280840.v1
title: The correspondence between the structure of the terrestrial mobility network and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil

description: The inter-cities mobility network is of great importance in understanding outbreaks, especially in Brazil, a continental-dimension country. We adopt the data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the terrestrial flow of people between cities from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics database in two scales: cities from Brazil, without the North region, and from the São Paulo State. Grounded on the complex networks approach, and considering that the mobility network serves as a proxy for the SARS-CoV-2 spreading, the nodes and edges represent cities and flows, respectively. Network centrality measures such as strength and degree are ranked and compared to the list of cities, ordered according to the day that they confirmed the first case of COVID-19. The strength measure captures the cities with a higher vulnerability of receiving new cases. Besides, it follows the interiorization process of SARS-CoV-2 in the São Paulo State when the network flows are above specific thresholds. Some countryside cities such as Feira de Santana (Bahia State), Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo State), and Caruaru (Pernambuco State) have strength comparable to states’ capitals. Our analysis offers additional tools for understanding and decision support to inter-cities mobility interventions regarding the SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemics.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280842
title: Work demands and alcohol consumption: the job group’s role

description: The current study aimed to determine whether workgroup identification and alcohol consumption social norms of workgroup moderates the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption in workers. Regression analysis using the moderated moderation macro in a sample of workers from a telecommunications company in Chile (N = 1,143) supports the hypothesis of moderated moderation: high workgroup identification with with unfavorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group buffered the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = -0.080; t = -2.01; p = 0.04; 95%CI: -0.1600; -0.0024), and the high workgroup identification with favorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group increases the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = 0.170; t = 2.36; p = 0.01; 95%CI: 0.030; 0.322). The results suggest that strong identification with workgroup and their social norms for alcohol consumption are job resources that can jointly affect or protect workers exposed to heavy work demands. Attention should thus be focused on the potential positive versus harmful effects of these work resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280843.v1
title: Physicians’ job satisfaction with the More Doctors Program in the State of Paraíba, Brazil: assessment with structural equation modeling

description: This study aimed to build a job quality assessment model for the More Doctors Program (PMM, in Portuguese) based on participating physicians’ job satisfaction, using structural equation modeling. The assessment drew on a database with answers to a questionnaire developed by a group of the program’s supervisors in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, and applied to physicians between December 2015 and September 2016. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract significant attributes and form final dimensions, and later confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. The initially proposed satisfaction model underwent some changes based on the analyses, and the final model consisted of 49 variables grouped in 6 dimensions: medications, structure, characteristics of the program, support, printed materials, and equipment. Medications and structure were the constructs with the greatest effect on physician satisfaction (0.53 and 0.39), followed by program characteristics and support (both with 0.29). The instrument proposed in this article should allow a comprehensive view of aspects involved in physicians’ job satisfaction, providing a point of departure for future analyses and validations on job quality in primary care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280843
title: Physicians’ job satisfaction with the More Doctors Program in the State of Paraíba, Brazil: assessment with structural equation modeling

description: This study aimed to build a job quality assessment model for the More Doctors Program (PMM, in Portuguese) based on participating physicians’ job satisfaction, using structural equation modeling. The assessment drew on a database with answers to a questionnaire developed by a group of the program’s supervisors in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, and applied to physicians between December 2015 and September 2016. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract significant attributes and form final dimensions, and later confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. The initially proposed satisfaction model underwent some changes based on the analyses, and the final model consisted of 49 variables grouped in 6 dimensions: medications, structure, characteristics of the program, support, printed materials, and equipment. Medications and structure were the constructs with the greatest effect on physician satisfaction (0.53 and 0.39), followed by program characteristics and support (both with 0.29). The instrument proposed in this article should allow a comprehensive view of aspects involved in physicians’ job satisfaction, providing a point of departure for future analyses and validations on job quality in primary care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280846.v1
title: The first five-year evaluation of cystic fibrosis neonatal screening program in São Paulo State, Brazil

description: The Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo is one of the three screening centers in São Paulo State, Brazil, and has included a test for cystic fibrosis (CF) since February 6, 2010, by a court order. We evaluated the first five years of this CF-newborn screening program. The original immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT screening protocol was adopted in Brazil. A total of 173,571 newborns were screened, 1,922 (1.1%) of whom showed IRT1 ≥ 70ng/mL. Of these, 1,795 (93.4%) collected IRT2, with elevated results (IRT2 ≥ 70ng/mL) in 102 of them (5.2%). We identified a total of 26 CF cases during this period, including three CF cases that were not detected by the CF-newborn screening. The incidence of the disease among the screened babies was 1:6,675 newborns screened. Median age at the initial evaluation was 42 days, comparable to that of neonates screened with the IRT/DNA protocol. Almost all infants with CF already exhibited some manifestations of the disease during the neonatal period. The mutation most frequently detected in the CF cases was F508del. These findings suggest the early age at the beginning of treatment at our center was due to the effort of the persons involved in the program regarding an effective active search. Considering the false negative results of CF-newborn screening and the early onset of clinical manifestations of the disease in this study, pediatricians should be aware of the diagnosis of CF even in children with negative test.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280847
title: Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Brazilian adults and COVID-19: a risk group analysis based on the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013

description: This study aimed to characterize risk groups for COVID-19 in Brazil and to estimate the number of individuals living in the same household with persons in the risk group. Data were used from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013. To characterize the risk groups, a binary multiple logistic regression model was adjusted in which the response variable was the presence or absence of at least one condition associated with COVID-19 and the explanatory variables were age, sex, major geographic region, color or race, schooling, and workforce status of the residents interviewed by the study. The results show that age is the principal risk factor for comorbidities associated with COVID-19, but the risk is also greater for persons in more vulnerable categories, such as those with less schooling and blacks and browns. An estimated 68.7% of Brazilians were living with at least one person in the risk group: 30.3% lived with at least one elderly individual and another 38.4% had no elderly individuals in their households, but there was at least one adult resident with preexisting medical conditions. The proportion of persons living in households with at least one resident in the risk group was 50% or greater for all ages and increased from 35 years of age, but there were also high numbers of persons 10 to 25 years of age living with persons in the risk group. The results suggest that due to the difficulties in avoiding close household contact, the exclusive isolation of specific population groups is not a feasible strategy in the Brazilian context, but should be combined with social distancing of the population as a whole.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280842.v1
title: Work demands and alcohol consumption: the job group’s role

description: The current study aimed to determine whether workgroup identification and alcohol consumption social norms of workgroup moderates the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption in workers. Regression analysis using the moderated moderation macro in a sample of workers from a telecommunications company in Chile (N = 1,143) supports the hypothesis of moderated moderation: high workgroup identification with with unfavorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group buffered the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = -0.080; t = -2.01; p = 0.04; 95%CI: -0.1600; -0.0024), and the high workgroup identification with favorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group increases the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = 0.170; t = 2.36; p = 0.01; 95%CI: 0.030; 0.322). The results suggest that strong identification with workgroup and their social norms for alcohol consumption are job resources that can jointly affect or protect workers exposed to heavy work demands. Attention should thus be focused on the potential positive versus harmful effects of these work resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280846
title: The first five-year evaluation of cystic fibrosis neonatal screening program in São Paulo State, Brazil

description: The Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo is one of the three screening centers in São Paulo State, Brazil, and has included a test for cystic fibrosis (CF) since February 6, 2010, by a court order. We evaluated the first five years of this CF-newborn screening program. The original immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT screening protocol was adopted in Brazil. A total of 173,571 newborns were screened, 1,922 (1.1%) of whom showed IRT1 ≥ 70ng/mL. Of these, 1,795 (93.4%) collected IRT2, with elevated results (IRT2 ≥ 70ng/mL) in 102 of them (5.2%). We identified a total of 26 CF cases during this period, including three CF cases that were not detected by the CF-newborn screening. The incidence of the disease among the screened babies was 1:6,675 newborns screened. Median age at the initial evaluation was 42 days, comparable to that of neonates screened with the IRT/DNA protocol. Almost all infants with CF already exhibited some manifestations of the disease during the neonatal period. The mutation most frequently detected in the CF cases was F508del. These findings suggest the early age at the beginning of treatment at our center was due to the effort of the persons involved in the program regarding an effective active search. Considering the false negative results of CF-newborn screening and the early onset of clinical manifestations of the disease in this study, pediatricians should be aware of the diagnosis of CF even in children with negative test.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280849
title: Millennium Development Goals: the impact of healthcare interventions and changes in socioeconomic factors and sanitation on under-five mortality in Brazil

description: The United Nations approved the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, including Target 4.A, or a two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality by 2015. Brazil reached this target in 2010. The current study aimed to analyze the trend in under-five mortality and the correlation with healthcare, socioeconomic, and sanitation indicators in Brazil’s major geographic regions that helped the country meet the MDGs. This was an ecological study using secondary data for Brazil according to Intermediate Urban Linkage Regions (RIAU in Portuguese) from 2001 to 2017. Analyses of tendencies were performed with joinpoint and multiple linear regression models. The study showed a downward trend in the under-five mortality rate during the periods studied, with the largest statistically significant change from 2001 to 2010 (AAPC = -3.95; 95%CI: -4.3; -3.6), the lowest changes from 2011 to 2015 (AAPC = -2.35; 95%CI: -3.7; -1.0), and stabilized rates in 2016 and 2017 (AAPC = -0.07; ICC = -4.2; +4.3). Low income (extreme poverty) in the children’s families and absence of maternal schooling were the variables most closely correlated with under-five mortality rate (r = 0.649, p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.640, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). The fact that Brazil met the fourth target in the MDGs reflected the country’s progress in reducing the under-five mortality rate, but the data suggest the rate’s possible stabilization in recent years. Meanwhile, social and healthcare indicators revealed the importance of this reduction, challenging the country to maintain and further improve its public policies in this area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280847.v1
title: Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Brazilian adults and COVID-19: a risk group analysis based on the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013

description: This study aimed to characterize risk groups for COVID-19 in Brazil and to estimate the number of individuals living in the same household with persons in the risk group. Data were used from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013. To characterize the risk groups, a binary multiple logistic regression model was adjusted in which the response variable was the presence or absence of at least one condition associated with COVID-19 and the explanatory variables were age, sex, major geographic region, color or race, schooling, and workforce status of the residents interviewed by the study. The results show that age is the principal risk factor for comorbidities associated with COVID-19, but the risk is also greater for persons in more vulnerable categories, such as those with less schooling and blacks and browns. An estimated 68.7% of Brazilians were living with at least one person in the risk group: 30.3% lived with at least one elderly individual and another 38.4% had no elderly individuals in their households, but there was at least one adult resident with preexisting medical conditions. The proportion of persons living in households with at least one resident in the risk group was 50% or greater for all ages and increased from 35 years of age, but there were also high numbers of persons 10 to 25 years of age living with persons in the risk group. The results suggest that due to the difficulties in avoiding close household contact, the exclusive isolation of specific population groups is not a feasible strategy in the Brazilian context, but should be combined with social distancing of the population as a whole.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280849.v1
title: Millennium Development Goals: the impact of healthcare interventions and changes in socioeconomic factors and sanitation on under-five mortality in Brazil

description: The United Nations approved the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, including Target 4.A, or a two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality by 2015. Brazil reached this target in 2010. The current study aimed to analyze the trend in under-five mortality and the correlation with healthcare, socioeconomic, and sanitation indicators in Brazil’s major geographic regions that helped the country meet the MDGs. This was an ecological study using secondary data for Brazil according to Intermediate Urban Linkage Regions (RIAU in Portuguese) from 2001 to 2017. Analyses of tendencies were performed with joinpoint and multiple linear regression models. The study showed a downward trend in the under-five mortality rate during the periods studied, with the largest statistically significant change from 2001 to 2010 (AAPC = -3.95; 95%CI: -4.3; -3.6), the lowest changes from 2011 to 2015 (AAPC = -2.35; 95%CI: -3.7; -1.0), and stabilized rates in 2016 and 2017 (AAPC = -0.07; ICC = -4.2; +4.3). Low income (extreme poverty) in the children’s families and absence of maternal schooling were the variables most closely correlated with under-five mortality rate (r = 0.649, p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.640, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). The fact that Brazil met the fourth target in the MDGs reflected the country’s progress in reducing the under-five mortality rate, but the data suggest the rate’s possible stabilization in recent years. Meanwhile, social and healthcare indicators revealed the importance of this reduction, challenging the country to maintain and further improve its public policies in this area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280848
title: The effect of lockdown on the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: evidence from an interrupted time series design

description: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented social distancing policies with different levels of both enforcement and compliance. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to estimate the impact of lockdowns on reducing the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. Official daily data was collected for four city capitals before and after their respective policies interventions based on a 14 days observation window. We estimated a segmented linear regression to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown measures on COVID-19 incidence and mortality. The initial number of new cases and new deaths had a positive trend prior to policy change. After lockdown, a statistically significant decrease in new confirmed cases was found in all state capitals. We also found evidence that lockdown measures were likely to reverse the trend of new daily deaths due to COVID-19. In São Luís, we observed a reduction of 37.85% while in Fortaleza the decrease was 33.4% on the average difference in daily deaths if the lockdown had not been implemented. Similarly, the intervention diminished mortality in Recife by 21.76% and Belém by 16.77%. Social distancing policies can be useful tools in flattening the epidemic curve.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280851
title: Differences in contraceptive practice in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: results of the Ouvindo Mulheres population survey

description: Abstract: Contraception is essential for women to be able to regulate their fertility, exercising a key dimension of reproductive rights. However, little is known about how women deal with this challenge in Brazil’s largest city, São Paulo. To fill this gap, the population survey Ouvindo Mulheres: Contracepção no Município de São Paulo was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 4,000 women 15 to 44 years of age living in this city in 2015. This article presents the prevalence of contraceptive practice and analyzes factors associated with lack of contraception use and with types of contraceptives. Prevalence of contraception was estimated for women with at least one heterosexual relation in the 12 months prior to the interview and who were not pregnant. Logistic regression was used to verify factors associated with lack of contraception use, and the CHAID model was used to identify associations with the types of contraceptives used. Prevalence of contraception was 84.8% (95%CI: 83.2-86.3). The most prevalent contraceptives were the pill and condoms. Factors associated with lack of contraceptive use were religion (Pentecostal), number of children (fewer than 3), not having used contraceptives in the first sexual relation, not having a partner, and not having had sex in the previous month. Number of children and woman’s age were the first two levels of discrimination of the types of contraceptives used. Prevalence of contraception was high, but maintaining a concentration in two methods: historically, female sterilization and the pill prevailed, nowadays, the pill and condoms do. New hormonal contraceptives should be incorporated by the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), besides promoting the use of long-acting methods such as IUDs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280851.v1
title: Differences in contraceptive practice in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: results of the Ouvindo Mulheres population survey

description: Abstract: Contraception is essential for women to be able to regulate their fertility, exercising a key dimension of reproductive rights. However, little is known about how women deal with this challenge in Brazil’s largest city, São Paulo. To fill this gap, the population survey Ouvindo Mulheres: Contracepção no Município de São Paulo was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 4,000 women 15 to 44 years of age living in this city in 2015. This article presents the prevalence of contraceptive practice and analyzes factors associated with lack of contraception use and with types of contraceptives. Prevalence of contraception was estimated for women with at least one heterosexual relation in the 12 months prior to the interview and who were not pregnant. Logistic regression was used to verify factors associated with lack of contraception use, and the CHAID model was used to identify associations with the types of contraceptives used. Prevalence of contraception was 84.8% (95%CI: 83.2-86.3). The most prevalent contraceptives were the pill and condoms. Factors associated with lack of contraceptive use were religion (Pentecostal), number of children (fewer than 3), not having used contraceptives in the first sexual relation, not having a partner, and not having had sex in the previous month. Number of children and woman’s age were the first two levels of discrimination of the types of contraceptives used. Prevalence of contraception was high, but maintaining a concentration in two methods: historically, female sterilization and the pill prevailed, nowadays, the pill and condoms do. New hormonal contraceptives should be incorporated by the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), besides promoting the use of long-acting methods such as IUDs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280854
title: Fiscal incentives for pesticides as an anti-health and anti-environmental policy

description: Abstract: Pesticides are hazardous products, and fiscal incentives for such products directly and indirectly impact public resources for health in Brazil, since these incentives encourage pesticide use. The article thus aimed to estimate the tax relief for pesticides in Brazil in 2017. The methodology included a literature search on related tax legislation, followed by estimates based on pesticide expenditures according to the latest national Agricultural Census and foreign trade data. Tax exemptions on pesticides in 2017 totaled BRL 9.8 billion (USD 3.0 billion), of which: exemptions of BRL 6.2 billion (USD 1.9 billion) on value-added tax on sales and services, BRL 1.7 billion (USD 515 million) on excise tax, BRL 1.5 billion (USD 455 million) on social tax on net corporate income, and BRL 472 million (USD 143 million) on import tax. The results show that the efficiency of pesticide use is artificially overestimated by failing to take tax exemptions into account. Thus, taxation is a potential means for reducing the demand for pesticides, mitigating negative externalities and strengthening alternative and ecologically balanced agricultural practices.