cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dncjsxkzw
title: Data from: Phylogenetic sampling affects evolutionary patterns of morphological disparity

description: Cladistic character matrices are routinely repurposed in analyses of
 morphological disparity. Unfortunately, the sampling of taxa and
 characters within such datasets reflects their intended application - to
 resolve phylogeny, rather than distinguish between phenotypes - resulting
 in tree shapes that often misrepresent broader taxonomic and morphological
 diversity. Here we use tree shape as a proxy to explore how sampling can
 affect perceptions of evolving morphological disparity. Through analyses
 of simulated and empirical data, we demonstrate that sampling can
 introduce biases in trait space occupation between clades that are
 predicted by differences in tree symmetry and branch length distribution.
 Symmetrical trees with relatively long internal branches predict more
 expansive patterns of trait space occupation. Conversely, asymmetrical
 trees with relatively short internal branches predict more compact
 distributions. Additionally, we find that long external branches predict
 greater phenotypic divergence by peripheral morphotypes. Taken together,
 our results caution against the uncritical repurposing of cladistic
 datasets in disparity analyses. However, they also demonstrate that when
 morphological diversity is proportionately sampled, differences in tree
 shape between clades can speak to genuine differences in morphospace
 occupation. While cladistic datasets may serve as a useful starting point,
 disparity datasets must attempt to achieve uniformity of lineage sampling
 across time and topology. Only when all potential sources of bias are
 accounted for can genuine evolutionary phenomena be distinguished from
 artefactual signals. It must be accepted that the non-uniformity of the
 fossil record may preclude representative sampling and, therefore, a
 faithful characterization of the evolution of morphological disparity.
description: This record contains: R scripts
 employed for simulating and analysing discrete character data.
 Four empirical datasets comprised of discrete character
 matrices, time-calibrated trees, and first and last occurence dates (i.e.
 FADs, LADS) R scripts employed for the analysis of
 this empirical data.
description: Users should install the latest version of R and the packages
 listed in the Methods section of the main manuscript. Please pay attention
 to the package versions specified, as some have since experienced major
 changes in the names of the functions employed (e.g. Claddis).
DOI: 10.48689/nkpm-v864
title: Summary Table of DSI Reports for Permitted Metal and Coal Mines
DOI: 10.48689/x2fd-fe77
title: Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment - Cowichan Estuary Slough, Duncan, BC
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh18939d
title: Genotype-environment interactions shape leaf functional traits of cacao in agroforests

description: The outbreak of frosty (Moniliophthora roreri) and black pod (Phytophthora
 palmivora) in Central American cacao agroforests throughout the 1980s, led
 to the breeding of Theobroma cacao clones resistant to these diseases.
 However, while clonal disease resistance has been well documented, clonal
 adaptability to contrasting pedoclimates remains less understood. Plant
 functional responses to environmental constraints can be assessed by
 evaluating intraspecific trait variation (ITV), but trait-based approaches
 have rarely been implemented in genotype assessments. The objective of our
 study was to determine cacao clone ITV in contrasting environments. Here,
 we used bivariate, multivariate, and functional trait space analyses to
 quantify ITV in nine leaf functional traits, among six disease-resistant
 cacao clones, growing in two clonal gardens with distinct environmental
 characteristics (a “Mild dry season” with near-optimal cacao growing
 conditions, and a “Harsh dry season” site with sub-optimal conditions).
 All leaf traits varied among the six clones, though trait differences
 among clones differed depending on the site: physiological trait
 differences among clones were largest at the “Mild dry season” site,
 chemical trait differences were widest at the “Harsh dry season” site, and
 morphological trait differences among clones were similar at both sites.
 Multivariate and hypervolume trait space analyses revealed greater site
 influence on trait values of the least productive clones, while the most
 productive clones were characterized by higher specific leaf area,
 independent of the site. To our knowledge, our paper is among the first to
 show evidence that functional traits provide new insights into Genotype x
 Environment interactions and clonal selection in agroforestry systems and
 support in favor of applying functional trait-based research to plant
 breeding paradigms.
DOI: 10.48689/m266-vh92
title: Sunflower Sea Star Observations
DOI: 10.48689/g3h2-x472
title: Sunshine Coast Habitat Atlas
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fqz612js6
title: Impact of cellulose-rich organic soil amendments on growth dynamics and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani

description: Cellulose-rich amendments stimulate saprotrophic fungi in arable soils.
 This may increase competitive and antagonistic interactions with
 root-infecting pathogenic fungi, resulting in lower disease incidence.
 However, cellulose-rich amendments may also stimulate pathogenic fungi
 with saprotrophic abilities, thereby increasing plant disease severity.
 The current study explores these scenarios, with a focus on the pathogenic
 fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Saprotrophic growth of R.
 solani on cellulose-rich materials was tested in vitro. This
 confirmed paper pulp as a highly suitable substrate for R.
 solani, whereas its performance on wood sawdusts varied with tree species.
 In two pot experiments, the effects of amendment of R.
 solani-infected soil with cellulose-rich materials on performance of
 beetroot seedlings were tested. All deciduous sawdusts and paper pulp
 stimulated soil fungal biomass, but only oak, elder and beech sawdusts
 reduced damping-off of beetroot. Oak sawdust amendment gave a consistent
 stimulation of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes fungi and of seedling
 performance, independently of the time between amendment and sowing. In
 contrast, paper pulp caused a short-term increase in R.
 solani abundance, coinciding with increased disease severity for
 beet seedlings sown immediately after amendment. However, damping-off of
 beetroot was reduced if plants were sown two or four weeks after paper
 pulp amendment. Cellulolytic bacteria, including Cytophagaceae,
 responded to paper pulp during the first two weeks and may have
 counteracted further spread of R. solani. The results showed that
 fungus-stimulating, cellulose-rich amendments have potential to be used
 for suppression of R. solani. However, such amendments require a
 careful consideration of material choice and application strategy.
DOI: 10.48689/g3ha-s724
title: Surf Scoters Density
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk0t4
title: Supplemental data from: Global differences in risk factors, etiology and outcome of ischemic stroke in young adults

description: Objective: To study the global distribution of risk factors,
 causes and 3-month mortality of young ischemic stroke patients,
 by performing a patient data meta-analysis form different cohorts
 worldwide. Methods: We did a pooled analysis of individual patient data
 from cohort studies which included consecutive ischemic stroke patients
 aged 18-50 years. We studied differences in prevalence of risk factors and
 causes between different ethnic groups, geographic regions and countries
 with different income levels. We investigated differences in 3-month
 mortality by mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression. Results: We
 included 17,663 patients from  32 cohorts in 29 countries.
 Hypertension and diabetes were most prevalent in Blacks (hypertension,
 52.1%; diabetes, 20.7%) and Asians (hypertension 46.1%, diabetes, 20.9%).
 Large vessel atherosclerosis and small vessel disease were more often
 cause of stroke in high-income countries (HICs; both p&lt;0.001),
 whereas ‘’other determined stroke’’ and ‘’undetermined stroke’’ were
 higher in low and middle-income countries (LMICs; both p&lt;0.001).
 Patients in LMICs were younger, had less vascular risk factors, and
 despite this, more often died within 3 months than those from HICs (OR
 2.49; 95% CI 1.42-4.36). Conclusion: The ethnic and regional differences
 in risk factors and causes of stroke at young age provide an understanding
 of ethnic and regional differences in incidence of ischemic stroke. Our
 results also visualize the dissimilarities in outcome after stroke in
 young adults that exist between LMICs and HICs, which should serve as a
 call to action to improve healthcare facilities in LMICs.
DOI: 10.48689/ctnp-4m29
title: Surf Scoters Sightings
DOI: 10.48689/khrp-nw97
title: Surf smelt and Pacific sand lance Spawning Habitat Suitability Assessments in the Strait of Georgia, 2013 - 2016
DOI: 10.48689/csx1-2835
title: Surface Stormwater Channels (North Vancouver)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xksn02vfq
title: Data for Manuscript: A desert songbird with no confamilials in the Western Hemisphere (Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps) investigates divergent conspecific songs

description: This is the dataset that accompanies the manuscript: A desert songbird
 with no confamilials in the Western Hemisphere (Verdin, Auriparus
 flaviceps) investigates divergent conspecific songs, published in the
 journal Ornithology (2021).  One spreadsheet is a dataset for
 analysis of Verdin song acoustic structure (“Supplementary Material
 Acoustic Data.xls”), one spreadsheet is a dataset for analysis of Verdin
 response to playbacks (“Supplementary Material Playback Data.xls”), and
 one spreadsheet is metadata about all the recordings used in the paper for
 song analysis and playback exemplars (“Supplementary Material Recording
 Metadata.xls”).
description: The song spreadsheet is acoustic data measured from acoustic
 recordings in the program Raven Pro (version 1.5) (Cornell Lab of
 Ornithology, Bioacoustics Research Program) and summarized with the
 program R (R Core Team, 2017). The playback spreadsheet is behavioral
 response data from Verdin collected in the field and transcribed by the
 authors from dictated recordings of response. Within each spreadsheet is a
 second tab that lists the column information in more detail. The metadata
 is information about all the acoustic recordings used for song analysis or
 as playback exemplars.  Please refer to the manuscript: A desert songbird
 with no confamilials in the Western Hemisphere (Verdin, <i>Auriparus
 flaviceps</i>) investigates divergent conspecific songs (published
 in Ornithology, 2021) for more details on how the data were collected,
 processed and analyzed.
description: Please refer to the README file and the manuscript: A desert songbird with no confamilials in the Western
 Hemisphere (Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps) investigates divergent
 conspecific songs (published in Ornithology, 2021) for details on the
 usage of the dataset.
DOI: 10.48689/1dm0-xd67
title: Surface Water - District of Pitt Meadows (2001)
DOI: 10.48689/zhjb-s842
title: Surficial Geology (North Vancouver)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxpt5
title: Data from: Determinants and long-term costs of early reproduction in males of a long-lived polygynous mammal

description: In long-lived polygynous species, male reproductive success is often
 monopolized by a few mature dominant individuals. Young males are
 generally too small to be dominant and may employ alternative tactics,
 however, little is known about the determinants of reproductive success
 for young males. Understanding the causes and consequences of variability
 in early reproductive success may be crucial to assess the strength of
 sexual selection and possible long-term trade-offs among life-history
 traits. Selective pressures driven by fluctuating environmental conditions
 may depend on age-class. We evaluated the determinants of reproduction in
 male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) aged 2-4 years using 30 years of
 individual-level data. These young males cannot defend estrous ewes and
 use alternative mating tactics. We also investigated how the age of first
 detected reproduction was correlated to lifetime reproductive success and
 longevity. We found that reproductive success of males aged three years
 was positively correlated to body mass, to the proportion of males aged
 2-4 years in the competitor pool and to the number of females available
 per adult male. These results suggest that reproductive success depends on
 both competitive ability and population age-sex structure. None of these
 variables, however, had significant effects on the reproductive success of
 males aged 2 or 4 years. Known reproduction before the age of five
 increased lifetime reproductive success but decreased longevity,
 suggesting a long-term survival cost of early reproduction. Our analyses
 reveal that both individual-level phenotypic and population-level
 demographic variables influence reproductive success by young males and
 provide a rare assessment of fitness trade-offs in wild polygynous males.
DOI: 10.48689/evn6-6w71
title: Survivorship and growth of Fucus gardneri after transplant to an acid mine drainage-polluted area
DOI: 10.48689/187x-vx42
title: Synthesis of Smolt and Abundance Data for Southern British Columbia Coho Salmon, 1952-present
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh75g
title: Data from: A literature synthesis resolves litter intrinsic constraints on fungal dynamics and decomposition across standing dead macrophytes

description: The standing dead phase is an important stage in the decomposition of
 emergent vegetation in marsh wetlands, yet few studies have examined how
 intrinsic litter traits constrain rates of standing litter decomposition
 or fungal colonization across plant tissue types or species. To address
 broad constraints on the decomposition of standing dead litter, we
 conducted a systematic survey of emergent standing dead decomposition
 studies that measured decay rates and/or fungal biomass, and litter %
 lignin, carbon:nitrogen (C:N) and/or carbon:phosphorus (C:P). Across 52
 datasets, litter of low C:N and C:P ratios exhibited increased
 decomposition rates (r = −0.737 and −0.645, respectively), whereas %
 lignin was not significantly correlated with decomposition rates (r =
 0.149). Mixed-effects models for litter decomposition rates indicated
 significant effects of litter molar C:N and C:N + lignin as an additive
 model, with the former providing marginally better support. Litter %
 lignin, however, was strongly negatively correlated with fungal biomass (r
 = −0.669), indicating greater fungal colonization of low-lignin litter,
 and not correlated with C:N (r = −0.337) and C:P (r = −0.456) ratios. The
 best-supported model predicting fungal biomass was litter molar C:N, with
 the C:N + lignin additive model also showing significant effects. Fungal
 carbon-use efficiency (CUE) also had a strong negative correlation with %
 lignin (r = −0.604), molar C:N (r = −0.323) and C:P (r = −0.632) across
 datasets. Our study demonstrates the constraining effects that litter
 stoichiometry and % lignin elicit on decomposition of standing dead litter
 and fungal colonization, respectively. These findings improve our
 understanding of biogeochemical cycling and prediction of the fates of C
 and nutrients in wetlands.
description: Literature data collation. See manuscript for details.
description: See Read Me tab within spreadsheet.
DOI: 10.48689/2z6e-9624
title: TANTALIS - Crown Land Leases
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkh5m
title: Spermatocysts stained positively with anti-pHH3 antibody

description: Males have the ability to compete for fertilizations through both
 pre-copulatory and post-copulatory intrasexual competition. Pre-copulatory
 competition has selected for large weapons and other adaptations to
 maximize access to females and mating opportunities while post-copulatory
 competition has resulted in ejaculate adaptations to maximize
 fertilization success. Negative associations between these strategies
 support the hypothesis that there is a trade-off between success at pre-
 and post-copulatory mating success. Recently, this trade-off has been
 demonstrated with experimental manipulation. Male leaf-footed cactus bugs,
 Narnia femorata. Males of this species can lose their hind limbs, their
 primary weapon in male-male competition, by autotomy during development.
 Weaponless males invest instead in large testes. While evolutionary
 outcomes of the trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory strategies
 have been identified, less work has been done to identify proximate
 mechanisms by which the trade-off might occur, perhaps because the systems
 in which the trade-offs have been investigated are not ones that have the
 molecular tools required for exploring mechanism. Here we applied
 knowledge from a related model species for which we have developmental
 knowledge and molecular tools, the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, to
 investigate the proximate mechanism by which autotomized N. femorata males
 developed larger testes. Autotomized males had evidence of a higher rate
 of transit amplification divisions in the spermatogonia, which would
 result more spermatocytes and thus in greater sperm numbers.
 Identification of mechanisms underlying a trade-off can help our
 understanding of the direction and constraints on evolutionary
 trajectories and thus the evolutionary potential under multiple forms of
 selection.
description: The dataset consists of counts of the number of spermatocysts
 that stained positively with an antibody that recognizes Serine 10
 phosphohistone H3, which indicates both mitotic and meiotic divisions. The
 images were collected by photographing stained testis tubules from adult
 male Narnia femorata that had either been autotomized at the fourth instar
 or control males that were handled, but not autotomized. The positively
 stained spermatocysts were counted in either the region of the testis
 tubule where mitotic, transit amplification divisions were occuring (zone
 1) or in the region of the testis tubule where meiosis is occuring (zone
 2). Counts were performed blind respective to treatment.
DOI: 10.48689/4v30-3d53
title: TANTALIS - Crown Land Licenses
DOI: 10.48689/ycn9-1418
title: TANTALIS - Crown Land Permits
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wwpzgmsjj
title: Skeletal Muscle and Peripheral Nerve Histopathology in COVID-19

description: To explore the spectrum of skeletal muscle and nerve pathology of patients
 who died following SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess for direct viral
 invasion of these tissues. Psoas muscle and femoral nerve were sampled
 from 35 consecutive autopsies of patients who died following SARS-CoV-2
 infection and 10 SARS-CoV-2-negative controls were examined under light
 microscopy. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained by chart review.
  In SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, mean age at death was 67.8
 years (range 43-90 years) and the duration of symptom onset to death
 ranged from 1-49 days. Four patients had neuromuscular symptoms. Peak
 creatine kinase was elevated in 74% (mean 959 U/L, range 29-8413 U/L).
 Muscle showed type 2 atrophy in 32 patients, necrotizing myopathy in 9,
 and myositis in 7. Neuritis was seen in 9. Major histocompatibility
 complex-1 (MHC-1) expression was observed in all cases of necrotizing
 myopathy and myositis and 8 additional patients. Abnormal expression of
 myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) was present on capillaries in muscle
 in 9 patients and in nerve in 7. SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry was
 negative in muscle and nerve in all patients. In the 10 controls, muscle
 showed type 2 atrophy in all patients, necrotic muscle fibers in 1, MHC-1
 expression in non-necrotic/non-regenerating fibers in 3, MxA expression on
 capillaries in 2, and inflammatory cells in none, and nerves showed no
 inflammatory cells or MxA expression. Muscle and nerve tissue demonstrated
 inflammatory/immune-mediated damage likely related to release of
 cytokines. There was no evidence of direct SARS-CoV-2 invasion of these
 tissues.
description: Clinical and laboratory data collected from electronic medical
 records.
DOI: 10.48689/jd7r-0245
title: TANTALIS - Crown Tenures
DOI: 10.48689/mkcg-jv03
title: The Origin and Consequences of Zooplankton Arriving in Vancouver, Canada, and Puget Sound, USA
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bg79cnp9x
title: Convergence of undulatory swimming kinematics across a diversity of fishes

description: Fishes exhibit an astounding diversity of locomotor behaviors, from
 classic swimming with their body and fins to jumping, flying, walking, and
 burrowing.  Fishes that use their body and caudal fin (BCF)
 during undulatory swimming have been traditionally divided into modes
 based on the length of the propulsive body wave and the ratio of head:tail
 oscillation amplitude: anguilliform, sub-carangiform, carangiform and
 thunniform. This classification was first proposed based on key
 morphological traits, such as body stiffness and elongation, to group
 fishes based on their expected swimming mechanics. Here, we present a
 comparative study of 44 diverse species quantifying kinematics and
 morphology of BCF-swimming fishes. Our results reveal that most species we
 studied share similar oscillation amplitude during steady locomotion that
 can be modeled using a second-degree order polynomial. The length of the
 propulsive body wave was shorter for species classified as anguilliform
 and longer for those classified as thunniform, although substantial
 variability existed both within and among species. Moreover, there was no
 decrease in head:tail amplitude from anguilliform to thunniform mode of
 locomotion as we expected from the traditional classification. While the
 expected swimming modes correlated with morphological traits, they did not
 accurately represent the kinematics of BCF locomotion. These results
 indicate that even fish species differing as substantially in morphology
 as tuna and eel exhibit statistically similar two-dimensional midline
 kinematics and point toward unifying locomotor hydrodynamic mechanisms
 that can serve as the basis for understanding aquatic locomotion and
 controlling biomimetic aquatic robots.
description: The data and code available here allow to reproduce the results
 presented in the article.
DOI: 10.48689/s49r-r581
title: TRIAXYS wave buoy (2013 ongoing)
DOI: 10.48689/530t-3x46
title: Tanais stanfordi Richardson 1901 (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) from the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia