cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280909.v1
title: ELSI-COVID-19 initiative: methodology of the telephone survey on coronavirus in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging

description: The COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that particularly affects older people. Brazil is one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, ranking second with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide as of mid-June 2020. The ELSI-COVID-19 initiative is based on telephone interviews with participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted on a nationally representative sample of the population aged 50 or older. This initiative aims to provide information on adherence to preventive measures (social distancing, wearing masks, and handwashing/hygiene); reasons for leaving the house, when that was the case; difficulties obtaining medications, medical diagnosis of COVID-19, and receipt of confirmatory results; use of health-care services (recent care-seeking, care-seeking location, care receipt, among other aspects); and mental health (sleep, depression, and loneliness). The first round of telephone interviews was conducted between May 26 and June 8, 2020. The second and third rounds are expected to occur within the coming months. This article presents this initiative methodology and some sociodemographic characteristics of the 6,149 participants in the survey first round, relative the Brazilian population within the same age group.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280912
title: The impact of influenza vaccination on morbidity and mortality in the elderly in the major geographic regions of Brazil, 2010 to 2019

description: Abstract: Due to the importance of annual flu vaccination in the elderly, the study aimed to analyze the impact of influenza vaccination on morbidity and mortality from influenza in the elderly from 2010 to 2019 in the major geographic regions of Brazil. This is an ecological epidemiological study with data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program, Hospital Information System, and Mortality Information System, available from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Data referred to Brazil and its five major regions and included influenza vaccination coverage rates in the elderly and morbidity and mortality from causes related to influenza and pneumonia in the elderly. Simple linear regression models were used to study the relationship between morbidity and mortality and vaccination coverage rates. There was an increase in vaccination coverage during the period, and the target of 80% coverage was reached in all the regions since 2011. A directly proportional statistical association was identified between the study variables, and the increase in vaccination coverage was associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from the target causes. These data may be related to reports in the literature showing that the vaccine’s effect is modest in the elderly. However, the rates’ calculation does not take the population’s aging into account, using data from outdated census estimates. Besides, the hospitalization and mortality data may include other circulating viruses and bacteria besides influenza. The maintenance of high vaccination coverage may prevent the impact of influenza from being even higher on morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280912.v1
title: The impact of influenza vaccination on morbidity and mortality in the elderly in the major geographic regions of Brazil, 2010 to 2019

description: Abstract: Due to the importance of annual flu vaccination in the elderly, the study aimed to analyze the impact of influenza vaccination on morbidity and mortality from influenza in the elderly from 2010 to 2019 in the major geographic regions of Brazil. This is an ecological epidemiological study with data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program, Hospital Information System, and Mortality Information System, available from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Data referred to Brazil and its five major regions and included influenza vaccination coverage rates in the elderly and morbidity and mortality from causes related to influenza and pneumonia in the elderly. Simple linear regression models were used to study the relationship between morbidity and mortality and vaccination coverage rates. There was an increase in vaccination coverage during the period, and the target of 80% coverage was reached in all the regions since 2011. A directly proportional statistical association was identified between the study variables, and the increase in vaccination coverage was associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from the target causes. These data may be related to reports in the literature showing that the vaccine’s effect is modest in the elderly. However, the rates’ calculation does not take the population’s aging into account, using data from outdated census estimates. Besides, the hospitalization and mortality data may include other circulating viruses and bacteria besides influenza. The maintenance of high vaccination coverage may prevent the impact of influenza from being even higher on morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280906.v1
title: Access to vaccines in Brazil and the global dynamics of the Health Economic-Industrial Complex

description: This study analyzed the main economic trends, market structure, production, and innovation in vaccines against infectious diseases at the global and national levels, observing the effects on access to vaccination in Brazil and on the sustainability of the Brazilian Unified National Health System. In order to update a global overview of R&D and the market, the authors conducted a literature search and drew on a competitive intelligence database. In order to understand Brazil’s role in this context, with the Health Economic-Industrial Complex as the structural focus, the authors accessed information from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, the National Immunization Program, and the Questel Orbit Intelligence database on patent protection in Brazil; identified the technologies transferred to public institutions in Brazil; and analyzed the trend in the trade balance deficit in health. The analysis revealed a global trend of concentration of vaccine production in a few leading pharmaceutical companies and the exacerbation of economic and technological asymmetries in the vaccine sector. In Brazil, the study identified technological weaknesses, risks, and manufacturing bottlenecks that impact the guarantee of immunizations in the country and showed that despite the installed industrial base, public policies and actions by domestic manufacturers have not been sufficient to confront and overcome the global context of structural dependence. In conclusion, the study indicates the need for progress in the Brazilian national strategy to link domestic production, technological capacity-building, and innovation in the vaccine sector to help guarantee universal access to health in Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280915
title: Relationship between work before the epidemic and having gone out to work during the epidemic among participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging: results of the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

description: Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of going out to work during the COVID-19 epidemic, and the factors associated with this, among adults aged 50 years and over who were in paid employment before its onset. We used data from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted through face-to-face interviews between August 2019 and March 2020 (before the onset of the epidemic), in a representative national sample of adults aged 50 and over, and data obtained through telephone interviews carried out among the same participants (ELSI-COVID-19 initiative), conducted between May 26 and June 8, 2020 (during the epidemic). The analyses were based on odds ratios (OR) estimated by logistic regression. The participants’ mean age was 59.9 years (SD = 6.5). The prevalence of going out to work in the previous seven days was 38.4% (95%CI: 31.3-46.1), 50.2% among men and 25.1% among women (formal work, self-employment, and informal work). The results showed that among men, the likelihood of going out to work was lower among those aged 60 to 69 years compared to those aged 50 to 59 years (OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.15-0.48). Among women, the likelihood was lower among those who were self-employed (OR = 0.28; 95%CI: 0.12-0.64) or in informal employment before the epidemic (OR = 0.25; 95%CI: 0.09-0.69), compared to those in formal employment. One of the hypotheses to explain this association is that women in informal employment were more likely to be dismissed, and that self-employed women have stopped working during the epidemic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280915.v1
title: Relationship between work before the epidemic and having gone out to work during the epidemic among participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging: results of the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

description: Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of going out to work during the COVID-19 epidemic, and the factors associated with this, among adults aged 50 years and over who were in paid employment before its onset. We used data from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted through face-to-face interviews between August 2019 and March 2020 (before the onset of the epidemic), in a representative national sample of adults aged 50 and over, and data obtained through telephone interviews carried out among the same participants (ELSI-COVID-19 initiative), conducted between May 26 and June 8, 2020 (during the epidemic). The analyses were based on odds ratios (OR) estimated by logistic regression. The participants’ mean age was 59.9 years (SD = 6.5). The prevalence of going out to work in the previous seven days was 38.4% (95%CI: 31.3-46.1), 50.2% among men and 25.1% among women (formal work, self-employment, and informal work). The results showed that among men, the likelihood of going out to work was lower among those aged 60 to 69 years compared to those aged 50 to 59 years (OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.15-0.48). Among women, the likelihood was lower among those who were self-employed (OR = 0.28; 95%CI: 0.12-0.64) or in informal employment before the epidemic (OR = 0.25; 95%CI: 0.09-0.69), compared to those in formal employment. One of the hypotheses to explain this association is that women in informal employment were more likely to be dismissed, and that self-employed women have stopped working during the epidemic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280918
title: Health behaviours and the adoption of individual protection measures during the new coronavirus pandemic: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether healthy behaviours determine the adoption of individual protective measures to fight COVID-19. The data were obtained from the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative, a telephone survey conducted among participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), which includes a national sample representative of the population aged 50 years or older. The outcomes evaluated were three protective measures (not having left home in the past week, wearing a mask when leaving home, and sanitizing hands when returning home), and the explanatory variables were health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and physical activity). The associations were evaluated by logistic models, considering adjustments for potential confounding factors. A total of 5,827 individuals participated in the analysis; 32.2% did not leave home in the last week, and among those who left home, 97.5% used a face mask, and 97.3% sanitized their hands when they returned home. The practice of physical activity at the recommended levels was associated with a lower chance of not leaving home in the previous week. Ex-smokers were more likely to use a mask, and those who practised physical activity were less likely to adopt this protective measure. Individuals with low-risk alcohol consumption had a higher chance of sanitizing their hands. Actions aimed at increasing the adoption of protective measures to fight the new coronavirus should consider the existence of vulnerable groups, which can be identified by the distribution of other health behaviours in the population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280918.v1
title: Health behaviours and the adoption of individual protection measures during the new coronavirus pandemic: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether healthy behaviours determine the adoption of individual protective measures to fight COVID-19. The data were obtained from the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative, a telephone survey conducted among participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), which includes a national sample representative of the population aged 50 years or older. The outcomes evaluated were three protective measures (not having left home in the past week, wearing a mask when leaving home, and sanitizing hands when returning home), and the explanatory variables were health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and physical activity). The associations were evaluated by logistic models, considering adjustments for potential confounding factors. A total of 5,827 individuals participated in the analysis; 32.2% did not leave home in the last week, and among those who left home, 97.5% used a face mask, and 97.3% sanitized their hands when they returned home. The practice of physical activity at the recommended levels was associated with a lower chance of not leaving home in the previous week. Ex-smokers were more likely to use a mask, and those who practised physical activity were less likely to adopt this protective measure. Individuals with low-risk alcohol consumption had a higher chance of sanitizing their hands. Actions aimed at increasing the adoption of protective measures to fight the new coronavirus should consider the existence of vulnerable groups, which can be identified by the distribution of other health behaviours in the population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280920
title: Association between “a body shape index” and mortality: Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging, Brazil

description: This article aims to evaluate the joint and separate association between abdominal and general adiposity indicators and mortality. Data was collected from 1,366 older adults in the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging with complete information for all variables of interest. The outcome variable was all-cause time until death; exposure variables were a body shape index (ABSI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI), assessed at the beginning of the study, and at the 3rd, 5th and 11th year of follow-up. Association between the quartiles of anthropometric indicators and mortality was calculated using an extended Cox proportional hazards model and adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral confounding factors. Older adults in the 4th ABSI quartile had a higher risk of mortality regardless of BMI (1.27; 95%CI: 1.01-1.58), but this association was not observed in sensitivity analyses. Older adults in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th BMI quartiles had a lower risk of mortality, even when adjusted for WC or ABSI. WC and WHtR showed no association consistent with all-cause mortality after adjustment for confounding factors. Considering the loss of significance in the sensitivity analyses, ABSI’s predictive capacity for mortality is still weak. Thus, adopting ABSI in clinical practice or in epidemiological surveys, in conjunction or replacing BMI and WC, requires more in-depth studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280920.v1
title: Association between “a body shape index” and mortality: Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging, Brazil

description: This article aims to evaluate the joint and separate association between abdominal and general adiposity indicators and mortality. Data was collected from 1,366 older adults in the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging with complete information for all variables of interest. The outcome variable was all-cause time until death; exposure variables were a body shape index (ABSI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI), assessed at the beginning of the study, and at the 3rd, 5th and 11th year of follow-up. Association between the quartiles of anthropometric indicators and mortality was calculated using an extended Cox proportional hazards model and adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral confounding factors. Older adults in the 4th ABSI quartile had a higher risk of mortality regardless of BMI (1.27; 95%CI: 1.01-1.58), but this association was not observed in sensitivity analyses. Older adults in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th BMI quartiles had a lower risk of mortality, even when adjusted for WC or ABSI. WC and WHtR showed no association consistent with all-cause mortality after adjustment for confounding factors. Considering the loss of significance in the sensitivity analyses, ABSI’s predictive capacity for mortality is still weak. Thus, adopting ABSI in clinical practice or in epidemiological surveys, in conjunction or replacing BMI and WC, requires more in-depth studies.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280922
title: Impact of tobacco control on healthcare costs for acute myocardial infarction in Uruguay: costs based on Diagnosis-Related Groups

description: Tobacco is the leading modifiable cause of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases and is thus a serious global public health problem. In 2006, Uruguay implemented the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and achieved a decrease in the smoking rate and improvements in cardiovascular and respiratory health. We analyzed the clinical and economic impacts of tobacco control measures on the healthcare costs for acute myocardial infarction, which was reduced by 17%. The costs avoided for other diseases were not included. The study examined the trend in a healthcare institution and projected the result to the country’s population. The cost analysis used the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) methodology, combined with the institution’s accounting reports. Besides the hospitalization costs, the analysis included patient transportation, invasive cardiovascular procedures, and healthcare costs for the 12 months following the acute myocardial infarction. The cost per patient was USD 12,037. Considering a decrease of 500 acute myocardial infarctions per year, the estimated annual savings are USD 6 million in medical care costs for the averted acute myocardial infarctions, besides savings from averted work absenteeism, subsequent disability, and disability adjusted life years. This successful tobacco control policy has been the leading public health intervention in the last 30 years in Uruguay. The study aims to contribute to the guidelines determined by the World Health Organization (WHO).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280922.v1
title: Impact of tobacco control on healthcare costs for acute myocardial infarction in Uruguay: costs based on Diagnosis-Related Groups

description: Tobacco is the leading modifiable cause of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases and is thus a serious global public health problem. In 2006, Uruguay implemented the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and achieved a decrease in the smoking rate and improvements in cardiovascular and respiratory health. We analyzed the clinical and economic impacts of tobacco control measures on the healthcare costs for acute myocardial infarction, which was reduced by 17%. The costs avoided for other diseases were not included. The study examined the trend in a healthcare institution and projected the result to the country’s population. The cost analysis used the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) methodology, combined with the institution’s accounting reports. Besides the hospitalization costs, the analysis included patient transportation, invasive cardiovascular procedures, and healthcare costs for the 12 months following the acute myocardial infarction. The cost per patient was USD 12,037. Considering a decrease of 500 acute myocardial infarctions per year, the estimated annual savings are USD 6 million in medical care costs for the averted acute myocardial infarctions, besides savings from averted work absenteeism, subsequent disability, and disability adjusted life years. This successful tobacco control policy has been the leading public health intervention in the last 30 years in Uruguay. The study aims to contribute to the guidelines determined by the World Health Organization (WHO).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14280924
title: Impact of social distancing on reports of violence against children and adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

description: This study aimed to analyze the rates of reports of violence against children and adolescents in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020, and the changes in trends by period due to the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). This is an ecological time series study with secondary data obtained from the Bi Saúde Portal in the panel on Interpersonal Violence and Suicide. The study collected reports on violence in individuals 0 to 19 years of age in the months of March and April each year, stratified by sex, age bracket, race/color, and type of violence. Prais-Winsten regression was used to analyze the time trend. Of the 7,718 reports analyzed, there was a drop of 54% in the year 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The analysis of the trend until 2019 indicated an increase in the reporting rates (2.04, 95%CI: 1.01; 3.07, p = 0.002), but with the inclusion of the year 2020 in the time series, the direction of the trends in reporting rates was reversed to negative, losing statistical significance (-0.39, 95%CI: -1.16; 2.14, p = 0.632). The study concludes that social distancing due to the pandemic reduced the reporting rates of violence against children and adolescents due to underreporting, thus requiring strategies to improve the identification of suspected cases of violence during the pandemic. This highlights the need for inter-sector planning and rapid and specific actions (health, social protection, justice, and public security) in order to guarantee the rights of children and adolescents.