cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1nc461g
title: Data from: Cattle selectivity by leopards suggests ways to mitigate human-leopard conflict

description: Addressing widespread livestock losses to carnivores requires information
 on which livestock categories are preferentially selected. We analyzed an
 individual-based database of cattle grazing in forest (n = 932) and having
 been killed (n = 70) by leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Hyrcanian
 forest, Iran. We calculated Jacobs’ selectivity index for cattle age, sex
 and coloration across four scales: the study area as a whole, three sites,
 nine villages and 60 cattle owners. Naturally colored cattle were
 significantly preferred by leopards at all scales in comparison to black
 and black-and-white cattle and there was also a preference for males and
 juveniles at the study area level. More research is needed to see whether
 cattle losses would decrease if the share of naturally colored individuals
 in local holdings was reduced and males and juveniles had limited access
 to forest. We conclude that phenotypic and biological characteristics of
 livestock can affect depredation and appeal for more research in this
 direction, particularly within the predator-prey framework.
description: cattle selectivity
 database
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v68d
title: Data from: Condition-dependent expression of pre- and postcopulatory sexual traits in guppies

description: Female choice can impose persistent directional selection on male sexually
 selected traits, yet such traits often exhibit high levels of phenotypic
 variation. One explanation for this paradox is that if sexually selected
 traits are costly, only the fittest males are able to acquire and allocate
 the resources required for their expression. Furthermore, because male
 condition is dependent on resource allocation, condition dependence in
 sexual traits is expected to underlie trade-offs between reproduction and
 other life-history functions. In this study we test these ideas by
 experimentally manipulating diet quality (carotenoid levels) and quantity
 in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a livebearing freshwater fish that is
 an important model for understanding relationships between pre- and
 post-copulatory sexually selected traits. Specifically, we test for
 condition dependence in the expression of pre- and postcopulatory sexual
 traits (behavior, ornamentation, sperm traits) and determine whether diet
 manipulation mediates relationships among these traits. Consistent with
 prior work we found a significant effect of diet quantity on the
 expression of both pre- and postcopulatory male traits; diet-restricted
 males performed fewer sexual behaviors and exhibited significant
 reductions in color ornamentation, sperm quality, sperm number, and sperm
 length than those fed ad libitum. However, contrary to our expectations,
 we found no significant effect of carotenoid manipulation on the
 expression of any of these traits, and no evidence for a trade-off in
 resource allocation between pre- and postcopulatory episodes of sexual
 selection. Our results further underscore the sensitivity of behavioral,
 ornamental, and ejaculate traits to dietary stress, and highlight the
 important role of condition dependence in maintaining the high variability
 in male sexual traits.
description: Data from Rahman et
 al.These are phenotypic
 data collected for male guppies fed different diets to expose condition
 dependence in sexually selected traits.Data for
 Dryad.xls
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b028h
title: Data from: Shifting niches of marine predators due to human exploitation: the diet of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) since the late Holocene as a case study

description: Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in archaeological and modern
 bone samples have been used to reconstruct the dietary changes of the
 South American sea lion Otaria flavescens from the late Holocene to the
 present in the southwestern Atlantic. We sampled bones from archaeological
 sites in northern-central and southern Patagonia, Argentina, and bones
 housed in modern scientific collections. Additionally, we analyzed the
 stable isotope ratios in ancient and modern shells of intertidal molluscs
 to explore changes in the isotope baseline and allow comparison between
 bone samples from different periods after correction for baseline shifts.
 Results confirmed the trophic plasticity of the South American sea lion,
 demonstrated the much larger impact of modern exploitation of marine
 resources as compared with that of hunter-gatherers, and underscored the
 dissimilarity between the past and modern niches of exploited species.
 These conclusions are supported by the rather stable diet of South
 American sea lions during several millennia of aboriginal exploitation, in
 both northern-central and southern Patagonia, and the dramatic increase in
 trophic level observed during the twentieth century. The recent increase
 in trophic level might be related to the smaller population size resulting
 from modern sealing and the resulting reduced intraspecific competition.
 These results demonstrate how much can be learned about the ecology of
 modern species thanks to retrospective studies beyond the current,
 anthropogenically modified setting where ecosystem structure is totally
 different from that in the pristine environments where current species
 evolved.
description: supplementary
 TableSUPPLEMENTARY TABLE.
 Ratios of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in shells sampled from
 modern and archaeological sites of northern-central Patagonia (Río Negro
 and Chubut) and southern Patagonia (Tierra del Fuego).rev zenteno 14011 suppl
 table.doc
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vq76f
title: Data from: Assessing the impact of beach nourishment on the intertidal food web through the development of a mechanistic-envelope model

description: Beach nourishment, the placement of sand onto a sediment-starved stretch
 of coast, is widely applied as a soft coastal protection measure because
 of its reduced ecological impact relative to hard coastal protection. In
 order to predict effects on the intertidal sandy beach ecosystem, we
 developed a simulation model that integrates species envelope-based
 projections for the dominant macrobenthos species and mechanistic food web
 modules for higher trophic levels. Species envelopes were estimated by
 using Bayesian inference of species’ biomass relationships according to
 the three determining abiotic variables: intertidal elevation, median
 grain size and total organic matter, obtained from multiple sampling
 campaigns along the Belgian coast. Maximum potential abundance of higher
 trophic levels represented by birds, shrimp and flatfish, were estimated
 based on their derived trophic relationship with macrobenthos. After
 validation, we demonstrated that unlike nourishment slope, sediment grain
 size strongly determines beach-level species richness and production, with
 strong deterioration in species richness after nourishment with coarse
 sediment (&gt; 300 μm). Patterns for higher trophic levels do not
 follow the changes in macrobenthos abundance and biomass. Synthesis and
 applications. The optimal grain size range for nourishment of fine-grained
 beaches is 200–300 μm. This modelling approach shows that the impact
 assessment of beach nourishment needs to include the evaluation of
 different species richness and biomass variables. Focusing solely on the
 potential abundance of species from higher trophic levels might lead to
 deceptive conclusions due to the dominance of opportunistic prey species.
description: Model
 codeThe code for the
 simulation model for which results are presented in the paper. Coding was
 done in Delphi 7.0.code model
 Delphi7.rtf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d63sc
title: Data from: Estimating species richness using environmental DNA

description: The foundation for any ecological study and the for effective management
 of biodiversity in natural systems requires knowing what species are
 present in an ecosystem. We assessed fish communities in a stream using
 two methods, depletion-based electrofishing and environmental DNA
 metabarcoding (eDNA) from water samples, to test the hypothesis that eDNA
 provides an alternative means of determining species richness and species
 identities for a natural ecosystem. In a northern Indiana stream,
 electrofishing yielded a direct estimate of 12 species and a mean
 estimated richness (Chao II estimator) of 16.6 species with a 95%
 confidence interval from 12.8 to 42.2. eDNA sampling detected an
 additional four species, congruent with the mean Chao II estimate from
 electrofishing. This increased detection rate for fish species between
 methods suggests that eDNA sampling can enhance estimation of fish fauna
 in flowing waters while having minimal sampling impacts on fish and their
 habitat. Modern genetic approaches therefore have the potential to
 transform our ability to build a more complete list of species for
 ecological investigations and inform management of aquatic ecosystems.
description: Actino12s OTU Centroid
 SequencesList of centroid
 sequences generated in OTU formation after HMMER
 filteringActino12s.OTU.ID.hmm.fastaActino16s OTU Centroid SequencesList of centroid sequences generated in OTU formation after HMMER filteringActino16s.OTU.ID.hmm.fastaAmphibia12s OTU Centroid SequencesList of centroid sequences generated in OTU formation after HMMER filteringAmphibia12s.OTU.ID.hmm.fastaCytb OTU Centroid SequencesList of centroid sequences generated in OTU formation after HMMER filteringCytb.OTU.ID.hmm.fastaSupplement Table 1Electrofishing derived species counts in Juday Creek for each reach from September 2013. Samples are ordered from the most downstream reach (R1) to the most upstream reach (R4).Supplement Table 2Number of reads from each sample (i.e. library) run on the Illumina MiSeq platform for each step of the bioinformatic pipeline.Supplement Table 3Results for all species identified with OTU species assignment. Values of P1 – P7 represent the pathway taken to arrive at species assignment using SAP and USearch (Fig. S1).Supplement Table 4Raw read counts of each species identified, for each sample and all four markers.Supplement Table 5Putative false positive OTUs and the corresponding read number of each marker in each sample.Supplement Table 6List of species for which we had a reference sequence for each of the four markers used.Supplement Table 7This table shows read counts after filtering. The eDNA column shows the species detected in the actual Juday Creek samples with some reads counts in any of these control samples. The P/A columns shows Presence (1) or Absence (0) given our criteria of &gt;1 read and reads in multiple markers or samples.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3j4df
title: Data from: Working with what you've got: unattractive males show greater mate-guarding effort in a duetting songbird

description: When mates are limited, individuals should allocate resources to mating
 tactics that maximize fitness. In species with extra-pair paternity (EPP),
 males can invest in mate guarding, or, alternatively, in seeking EPP.
 Males should optimize fitness by adjusting investment according to their
 attractiveness to females, such that attractive males seek EPP, and
 unattractive males guard mates. This theory has received little empirical
 testing, leaving our understanding of the evolution of mating tactics
 incomplete; it is unclear how a male's relative attractiveness
 influences his tactics. We conducted observations and experiments on
 red-backed fairy-wrens (Malurus melanocephalus) to address this question.
 We found that older, more attractive (red–black) males sought EPP, whereas
 unattractive (brown) males invested in alternative tactics—physical and
 acoustic mate guarding. Younger red–black males used intermediate tactics.
 This suggests that males adopt mating tactics appropriate to their
 attributes. Males obtained similar reproductive success, suggesting these
 alternative tactics may maximize each male's paternity gain. Though
 it is likely that female choice also determines paternity, rather than
 just male tactics, we establish that the many interconnected components of
 a male's sexual phenotype influence the evolution of his
 decision-making rules, deepening our understanding of how mating tactics
 evolve under sexual selection.
description: Combined_Behav
 obs_ALLyears_MasterData from behavioral
 observations of RBFW. Focuses on singing behavior, but also has info on
 all other relevant reproductive behaviors.PBexp_Analysis_Master_PBonlyData from playback experiment conducted in 2012.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t01gt
title: Data from: Senescence or selective disappearance? Age trajectories of body mass in wild and captive populations of a small-bodied primate

description: Classic theories of ageing consider extrinsic mortality (EM) a major
 factor in shaping longevity and ageing, yet most studies of functional
 ageing focus on species with low EM. This bias may cause overestimation of
 the influence of senescent declines in performance over
 condition-dependent mortality on demographic processes across taxa. To
 simultaneously investigate the roles of functional senescence (FS) and
 intrinsic, extrinsic and condition-dependent mortality in a species with a
 high predation risk in nature, we compared age trajectories of body mass
 (BM) in wild and captive grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) using
 longitudinal data (853 individuals followed through adulthood). We found
 evidence of non-random mortality in both settings. In captivity, the
 oldest animals showed senescence in their ability to regain lost BM,
 whereas no evidence of FS was found in the wild. Overall, captive animals
 lived longer, but a reversed sex bias in lifespan was observed between
 wild and captive populations. We suggest that even moderately
 condition-dependent EM may lead to negligible FS in the wild. While high
 EM may act to reduce the average lifespan, this evolutionary process may
 be counteracted by the increased fitness of the long-lived, high-quality
 individuals.
description: Body mass in a captive
 population of Microcebus murinusindividual number, sex,
 photoperiod, cohort, mean log body mass/photoperiodHamalainen_et_al_2014_PRSLB_captivedata.txtBody mass in a natural population of Microcebus murinusindividual number, sex, cohort, date, log body massHamalainen_et_al_2014_PRSLB_wilddata.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.911t3
title: Data from: Body condition and food shapes group dispersal but not solitary dispersal in a social spider

description: Dispersal is important for exploitation of new habitat and for
 outbreeding. A precondition for sociality in spiders is reduced dispersal
 propensity leading to largely inbred societies. Despite this, social
 spiders have been observed to disperse from natal colonies and form new or
 satellite colonies. Proximate factors shaping dispersal, inter-individual
 variation in dispersal propensities and any advantages accrued from
 dispersal remain obscure. In the social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum, we
 distinguish two types of dispersal: 1) group dispersal in which groups of
 sub-adult spiders move to form adjacent satellite colonies that are
 connected to the natal retreat by a shared capture web and 2) solitary
 dispersal, where a single mated female disperses from the natal colony and
 can potentially establish a new independent colony. Using experimental
 colonies that varied in size and subjected to long-term differential food
 treatment, we show that individuals that participate in group dispersal
 have lower body condition than natal females. Well-fed colonies had more
 group dispersers compared to less-fed colonies. Body condition, food
 availability and colony size did not influence solitary dispersal.
 Interestingly, solitary dispersers suffered heavy mortality (~ 75%) likely
 due to predation, however survivors gained better body condition and
 higher fat reserves post-dispersal compared to natal females. We did not
 detect greater fitness (measured as clutch size and mean egg weight) in
 solitary dispersers. Finally, by following group dispersers and natal
 females, we found that both were equally likely to become solitary
 dispersers suggesting that solitary and group dispersal are two different
 dispersal strategies.
description: Dispersal in S.
 sarasinorumThe data-set consists of
 body measurements, clutch size and egg weights of social spiders. There is
 information about the effect of food and colony size influencing dispersal
 tendencies.Dataset Parthasarathy and
 Somanathan.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p1k03
title: Data from: Elevational transplantation suggests different responses of African submontane and savanna plants to climate warming

description: 1. Despite strong climate change in the tropics, little is known about the
 responses of tropical plants to changing environments. Moreover, while
 variation in responses to climate change across plant functional groups
 may help to predict future vegetation dynamics, tropical multi-species
 studies are missing. 2. To study plant responses to changes in
 temperature, we compared the survival, growth and reproduction of 101
 herbaceous species originating from the savanna and the submontane
 vegetation zones in two experimental gardens representing the climate of
 both zones at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Additionally, we tested whether plant
 functional groups, such as annuals and perennials, shade-tolerant and
 shade-intolerant species, grasses and forbs, and natives and exotics
 differ in their responses to transplantation. 3. We show that the
 submontane species in the lower Kilimanjaro area clearly prefer the cooler
 submontane temperature in terms of survival, growth and reproduction,
 while savanna plants can grow equally well under both, the submontane and
 the savanna temperature regime. This suggests that tropical submontane
 plants will likely face severe challenges with future climate warming and
 that the upper distributional limit of savanna plants may be due to biotic
 interactions rather than to climate. Moreover, we found different
 responses of grasses and forbs, and natives and exotics to transplantation
 irrespective of their origin, underlining the importance of considering
 plant functional groups in climate change research. 4. Synthesis: We
 demonstrate different responses of tropical montane and savanna plants to
 experimental temperature variation. Together with the observed differences
 between important functional plant groups, this leads us to suggest that
 strong future changes in vegetation composition on African tropical
 mountains are likely.
description: Datafile transplant
 experimentDatafile of the
 transplant experiment, transplanting 101 species into two experimental
 gardens on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. A legend of the variables is
 included in the fileEnsslin_etal_Datafile_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931h7
title: Data from: Morphological, molecular, and ecological divergence in Pinus douglasiana and P. maximinoi

description: Pinus douglasiana and P. maximinoi (Pinus subsection Ponderosae) are
 closely-related New World pines with vague taxonomic boundaries where
 their natural ranges overlap in western Mexico. They are distinguished
 from each other by the width of their leaves and thickness of their cone
 scale apophyses. They are also sometimes confused with two other close
 relatives, Pinus pseudostrobus and P. yecorensis. We integrated
 morphological, molecular, and ecological data to clarify the taxonomic
 limits among these four species. Following previous studies, we evaluated
 16 quantitative leaf and seed cone characters. Pinus douglasiana, P.
 maximinoi, and P. pseudostrobus formed non-discrete groups in multivariate
 space. The absence of leaf hypodermal intrusions, a persistent peduncle,
 and the shape of the seed cone are useful for differentiating P.
 pseudostrobus and P. yecorensis from P. douglasiana or P. maximinoi, and
 the latter two can usually be distinguished by needle width or cone scale
 apophysis thickness. Most individuals identified as P. douglasiana, and P.
 maximinoi shared haplotypes for a plastid ycf1 fragment that is relatively
 variable for the genus, while P. yecorensis has a closely related,
 exclusive haplotype. A distinct haplogroup included all individuals of P.
 pseudostrobus and the remaining individuals of P. douglasiana and P.
 maximinoi. Leaf width and cone scale thickness of P. douglasiana and P.
 maximinoi are correlated with elevation. According to potential
 distribution models, P. yecorensis is distributed in drier areas than P.
 douglasiana or P. maximinoi, while P. pseudostrobus occurs in more
 temperate areas, commonly at higher elevations. Pinus douglasiana and P.
 maximinoi can be considered as incipient species undergoing divergent
 evolution characterized by incomplete morphological, molecular, and
 ecological divergence.
description: Morphological_matrixThis matriz contain quantitative data from the leaves and cones from field collections of Pinus aff. douglasiana, P. douglasiana, P. maximinoi, P. pseudostrobus and P. yecorensis. The data are in txt format.Haplotype_sequencesThis file contain aligned sequences of plastid DNA of Pinus aff. douglasiana, P. douglasiana, P. maximinoi, P. pseudostrobus and P. yecorensis, an ~800 bp fragment of ycf1 gene.Haplotype_assignments_by_individualThis file contain a list of pine collections (Pinus aff. douglasiana, P. douglasiana, P. maximinoi, P. pseudostrobus and P. yecorensis), and its haplotypes that correspon to an ~803 pb fragment of the ycf1 gene.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kau9th
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Seddera bagshawei",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000788-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.