cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2f7xwg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 447 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Klaineanthus gaboniae Pierre ex Prain)",
 "Country is one of (Gabon)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Literature Occurrence)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 447 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000869-250227182430271/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14946224
title: Wikipedia discussion closures interviews 2024

description: This dataset compiles responses from editors involved in closing discussions on English Wikipedia 2023-2024. To solicit these responses, a list of editors who have closed discussions between September 2023 and February 2024 was created, and each editor on the list was sent an email inviting them to participate in a Wikipedia discussion closure study (a handful of the listed editors had disabled email features on Wikipedia, and were instead contacted with a more opaque invitation to request participation on their user talk pages). Out of the 167 editors contacted, 67 participated in the survey. Version 2 of this dataset removes two columns of data that contained potentially-identifiable information.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14946187
title: Wikipedia discussion closures interviews 2024

description: This dataset compiles responses from editors involved in closing discussions on English Wikipedia 2023-2024. To solicit these responses, a list of editors who have closed discussions between September 2023 and February 2024 was created, and each editor on the list was sent an email inviting them to participate in a Wikipedia discussion closure study (a handful of the listed editors had disabled email features on Wikipedia, and were instead contacted with a more opaque invitation to request participation on their user talk pages). Out of the 167 editors contacted, 67 participated in the survey. Version 2 of this dataset removes two columns of data that contained potentially-identifiable information.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dg882y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3932 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-88.06993 42.84333,-87.82629 42.84202,-87.82801 42.84512,-87.82514 42.84633,-87.82841 42.84586,-87.82371 42.84656,-87.82722 42.85024,-87.82968 42.84971,-87.83191 42.85186,-87.83085 42.85312,-87.83249 42.85281,-87.8348 42.85544,-87.83925 42.86727,-87.83742 42.86685,-87.83995 42.86801,-87.84337 42.87323,-87.84631 42.88397,-87.84362 42.8853,-87.84346 42.8902,-87.84593 42.89044,-87.84791 42.89711,-87.84573 42.90347,-87.84297 42.90635,-87.84227 42.9043,-87.8413 42.90643,-87.84452 42.90757,-87.84054 42.90638,-87.84073 42.91084,-87.83926 42.91304,-87.84387 42.92128,-87.84598 42.9294,-87.84304 42.94284,-87.84534 42.96213,-87.85431 42.97498,-87.85331 42.97626,-87.85459 42.97799,-87.85687 42.97808,-87.87792 42.99219,-87.88271 42.99775,-87.88786 43.00054,-87.88569 43.00203,-87.88792 43.00231,-87.88439 43.00489,-87.88763 43.00815,-87.89158 43.00721,-87.89378 43.01214,-87.89114 43.01443,-87.89384 43.0123,-87.89546 43.01592,-87.89304 43.01813,-87.89387 43.01956,-87.89618 43.01752,-87.89466 43.02137,-87.89735 43.02014,-87.89418 43.02294,-87.89582 43.02598,-87.89588 43.02879,-87.894 43.03095,-87.89478 43.03524,-87.89714 43.03215,-87.89556 43.02979,-87.89732 43.02906,-87.89821 43.03033,-87.89698 43.0366,-87.89407 43.0375,-87.89418 43.03489,-87.89361 43.03616,-87.89393 43.03766,-87.89665 43.03783,-87.89497 43.04249,-87.88885 43.04292,-87.88178 43.04615,-87.8863 43.04647,-87.88794 43.04485,-87.88986 43.04588,-87.88699 43.05302,-87.88294 43.05021,-87.88196 43.05121,-87.87967 43.04757,-87.8815 43.04526,-87.88021 43.04472,-87.87953 43.04746,-87.88195 43.05332,-87.86868 43.06458,-87.86382 43.0709,-87.86385 43.07422,-87.86675 43.07457,-87.87039 43.08064,-87.87065 43.08652,-87.87635 43.0991,-87.89396 43.11451,-87.90084 43.127,-87.90084 43.13662,-87.89197 43.14905,-87.88093 43.17059,-87.88637 43.1849,-87.89273 43.19204,-88.0537 43.19219,-88.06339 43.19001,-88.06923 42.96037,-88.06993 42.84333))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Lepidoptera"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3932 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000892-250227182400228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14946145
title: UK APAP R-matrix electron-impact excitation cross-sections for modelling laboratory and astrophysical plasma

description: We provide a large set of  binned collision strengths and effective collision strengths for ions of theLi-, Be-, B-, C-, N-, O-, Ne-, Na-, and Mg-like sequences.

They were calculated over a long period of time by theUK Atomic Process for Astrophysical Plasma (APAP) network,coordinated by the late Nigel Badnell,  with funding from PPARC/STFC.

AUTOSTRUCTURE and a suite of R-matrix codes, included in the package, were used. 

For several sequences, we have found problems in the published effective collision strengths, so the present values replace thepublished ones. The present data are fundamental for the modelling of laboratory and astrophysical plasma.

The binned collision strengths  are provided to model plasma where electrons are  non-Maxwellian.

 

Some details are provided in Del Zanna et al., 2025 Atoms, in a series of README files, and in the publications listed in the README files.

 

Giulio Del Zanna 28-Feb-2025
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14946146
title: UK APAP R-matrix electron-impact excitation cross-sections for modelling laboratory and astrophysical plasma

description: We provide a large set of  binned collision strengths and effective collision strengths for ions of theLi-, Be-, B-, C-, N-, O-, Ne-, Na-, and Mg-like sequences.

They were calculated over a long period of time by theUK Atomic Process for Astrophysical Plasma (APAP) network,coordinated by the late Nigel Badnell,  with funding from PPARC/STFC.

AUTOSTRUCTURE and a suite of R-matrix codes, included in the package, were used. 

For several sequences, we have found problems in the published effective collision strengths, so the present values replace thepublished ones. The present data are fundamental for the modelling of laboratory and astrophysical plasma.

The binned collision strengths  are provided to model plasma where electrons are  non-Maxwellian.

 

Some details are provided in Del Zanna et al., 2025 Atoms, in a series of README files, and in the publications listed in the README files.

 

Giulio Del Zanna 28-Feb-2025
DOI: 10.15468/dl.df2b6w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1922 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Spondias purpurea L.)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Machine Observation, Human Observation, Observation, Literature Occurrence)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1922 records from 58 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000870-250227182430271/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3679r9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 784378 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Living Specimen, Machine Observation, Literature Occurrence)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-180 -90,180 -90,180 90,-180 90,-180 -90))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1945"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 784378 records from 2304 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000878-250227182400228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xw46xz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1115 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1115 records from 82 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017494-230828120925497/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-15032
title: Druzheskoe slovo = Palavra do amigo = [A friendly word], vol. 8, no. 2-3 (February-March 1935)

description: [description english/roman)] Monthly
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ntam5x
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 57 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is TWN.7_1",
 "TaxonKey is Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 57 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0344670-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8kx5uy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 24 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Aconitum ambiguum Rchb."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 24 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017497-230828120925497/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-15119
title: Druzheskoe slovo = Palavra do amigo = [A friendly word], vol. 8, no. 8-9 (August-September 1935)

description: [description english/roman)] Monthly
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4xeykv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "TaxonKey is Sinojackia rehderiana Hu"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0260168-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-14536
title: Druzheskoe slovo = Palavra do amigo = [A friendly word], vol. 4, no. 8-9 (August-September 1931)

description: [description english/roman)] Monthly
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v8mudb
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5961 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5961 records from 105 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017495-230828120925497/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xc2sxk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 29815258 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is IND",
 "Year 2002-2022"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 29815258 records from 676 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0260171-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-14695
title: Druzheskoe slovo = Palavra do amigo = [A friendly word], vol. 5, no. 10 (October 1932)

description: [description english/roman)] Monthly
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bgsghz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1115 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1115 records from 82 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017481-230828120925497/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.kczu7x
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Strepsiptera",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0273458-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-14642
title: Druzheskoe slovo = Palavra do amigo = [A friendly word], vol. 5, no. 5 (May 1932)

description: [description english/roman)] Monthly
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-180133
title: Blahovisnyk = Evangelist, 1992, no. 1 (1992 [May])

description: [description english/roman)] Blahovisnyk, 1992, no. 1 (1992 [travnya]) = Evangelist, 1992, no. 1 (1992 [May]). Journal of the Union of Christians of Evangelical-Pentecostals Ukraine.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ffmaxd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 10521 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "Country" : [
 "is Burundi"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 10521 records were derived from 342 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009634-231002084531237/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.gycmem
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Rasbora leptosoma (Bleeker, 1855)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0341275-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-180161
title: Blahovisnyk = Evangelist, 1992, no. 1 (1992 [May])

description: [description english/roman)] Blahovisnyk, 1992, no. 1 (1992 [travnya]) = Evangelist, 1992, no. 1 (1992 [May]). Journal of the Union of Christians of Evangelical-Pentecostals Ukraine.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yv3zap
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Alchemilla oculimarina Pawl."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0009050-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3jpsa6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12494 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12494 records from 106 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0019357-230828120925497/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/pcra-c14-15348
title: Druzheskoe slovo = Palavra do amigo = [A friendly word], vol. 9, no. 8-9 (August-September 1936)

description: [description english/roman)] Monthly
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ca6szt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 66 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 {
 "or" : [
 "Country is China",
 "Country is Chinese Taipei"
 ]
 },
 "TaxonKey is Camellia petelotii (Merr.) Sealy"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 66 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0260224-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w8zsku
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 18592 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Europe",
 "Country is one of (Russian Federation, Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands)",
 "TaxonKey is Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 18592 records from 222 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0017472-230828120925497/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mty79y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6941 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-159.83827 24.28585,-162.36448 22.38521,-160.68034 19.70031,-158.64534 17.63957,-153.8736 18.07372,-153.59291 21.14702,-159.83827 24.28585))",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is one of (Agrostis sandwicensis Hildebr., Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC., Asplenium normale D.Don, Carex wahuensis C.A.Mey., Asplenium trichomanes L., Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus diandrus Roth, Bromus inermis Steven, Carex echinata Murray, Carex subfusca W.Boott, Carex wahuensis subsp. wahuensis, Chamaesyce celastroides var. lorifolia (A.Gray ex H.Mann) O.Deg. & I.Deg., Chenopodium oahuense (Meyen) Aellen, Collomia linearis Nutt., Coprosma ernodeoides A.Gray, Cystopteris douglasii Hook., Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., Deschampsia nubigena Hillebr., Dodonaea viscosa Sieber ex Schltdl., 1844, Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl., Dubautia arborea (A.Gray) D.D.Keck, Dubautia ciliolata (DC.) D.D.Keck, Epilobium billardierianum Ser., Euphorbia multiformis var. haleakalana Sherff, Geranium cuneatum Hook., Geranium cuneatum subsp. hololeucum (A.Gray) Carlquist & Bissing, Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt., Holcus lanatus L., Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski, Huperzia haleakalae (Brack.) Holub, Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., Lepidium densiflorum Schrad., Leptecophylla tameiameiae (Cham. & Schltdl.) C.M.Weiller, Luzula hawaiiensis Buchenau, Nassella cernua (Stebbins & Love) Barkworth, Oxalis corniculata L., Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link, Poa pratensis Pollich, 1776, Polygonum aviculare L., Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium (Gaudich.) Anderb., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Pteridium revolutum (Blume) Nakai, Rumex giganteus Aiton, Rumex acetosella L., Senecio madagascariensis Poir., Senecio sylvaticus L., Silene struthioloides A.Gray, Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem., Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg., Tetramolopium humile (A.Gray) Hillebr., Trifolium repens Thunb., Trisetum glomeratum (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Vaccinium reticulatum Sm., Verbascum thapsus L.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6941 records from 64 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0069119-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.z2xq55
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 12012 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mexico",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Selasphorus Swainson, 1832"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 12012 records from 73 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0092099-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pofxjf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 164357 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is The Himalayan Uplands Plant database (HUP Version 1)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 164357 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0022092-190621201848488/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.e5xbvv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4428 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Convolvulus betonicifolius Mill., Convolvulus boissieri Steud., Convolvulus calvertii Boiss., Convolvulus calvertii subsp. calvertii, Convolvulus cantabrica L., Convolvulus cneorum L., Convolvulus dorycnium L., Convolvulus dorycnium subsp. dorycnium, Convolvulus fruticosus Pall., Convolvulus holosericeus M.Bieb.)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)",
 "DatasetKey is one of (Pl@ntNet automatically identified occurrences, Pl@ntNet observations, iNaturalist Research-grade Observations, Observation.org, Nature data from around the World, naturgucker, Artportalen (Swedish Species Observation System), Norwegian Species Observation Service, Programme d'observation naturaliste participative avec l'application mobile INPN Espèces - Application INPN Espèces: Observations naturalistes, participatives et opportunistes, fondées sur des photographies, Species recordings from the Danish National portal Arter.dk, Lajitietokeskus/FinBIF - Notebook, general observations, Vascular plant records verified via iRecord, iRecord Surveys)",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 500",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4428 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0069128-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pcqxhk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 42529 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Dianthus superbus L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 42529 records from 345 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0111117-200613084148143/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8swunn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 842 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "TaxonKey is Hibiscus sabdariffa L.",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 842 records from 126 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0022099-190621201848488/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bbwcfn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Material citation",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Gymnogongrus martinensis"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0069107-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.