DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280z2
title: Leopard occupancy correlates with tiger and prey occurrences

description: Large carnivores such as leopards (Panthera pardus) experience continuing
 threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, depletion of prey
 populations, and retaliatory killing following conflicts with humans. We
 aimed to identify factors affecting leopard occupancy and temporal overlap
 between leopards and tigers (P. tigris), their major prey, and human
 activities in Parsa-Koshi Complex (PKC), Nepal. We deployed 154 cameras
 for 21 days each along wildlife trails throughout PKC during December
 2022–March 2023. The data consists of weekly detection probability of
 leopard in PKC along with variables taken for the study. Variables include
 distance to settlement, number of humans detected, number of livestock
 detected, presence of tiger, presence of prey, area of water body within a
 radius of 500m from each trapping station and area of forest within same
 radius. The data is prepared for hierarchical occupancy modeling and can
 be analyzed using Just Another Gibbs 
description: # Leopard occupancy correlates with tiger and prey occurrences Provenance
 for this README \* Date created: 2023-12-07 * Date modified: 2024-12
 Dataset Version and Release History \* Current Version: * Number: 1.0.0 *
 Date: 2023-12-07 * Dataset identifier: * Summary of changes: n/a Dataset
 Attribution and Usage \* Dataset Contributors: \* Creators: Hem Bahadur
 Katuwal, Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, Sandeep Regmi, Shivish Bhandari, Bishnu
 Aryal, Krishna Tamang, Amrit Nepali, Sabin K.C., Dipendra Adhikari, Basu
 Baral, Surya Devkota, Sabina Koirala, Dev Narayan Mandal, Jerrold L.
 Belant, Hari Prasad Sharma, Rui-Chang Quan \* License: This work is
 licensed under a CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
 license. \* Suggested Citations: \* Dataset citation: &gt; Contact
 Information \* Name: Hem Bahadur Katuwal * Affiliations: 1Southeast Asia
 Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center
 for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,
 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China * ORCID ID: *
 Email: [hembahadur@xtbg.ac.cn](mailto:hembahadur@xtbg.ac.cn) * Address:
 e-mail preferred Additional Dataset Metadata Acknowledgements \* Funding
 sources: * Permission: DNPWC, Department of Forest and Soil Conservation,
 Parsa National Park, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve Dates and Locations \*
 Dates of data collection: Field data collected between December 2022 and
 March 2023 * Geographic locations of data collection: Parsa National Park
 to Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (Madhesh Province, Nepal). **File/Folder
 Details** \* Description: a comma-delimited file containing leopard
 detection and variables associated with their occurence in Parsa Koshi
 Complex, Nepal. The file is prepared for analysis in R program but can be
 reformated for the use in other statistical software. \* Format(s): .csv
 \* Data name: "Leopard data2.csv" \* Data structure:
 154rows*9columns This is a dataset containing information about the
 leopard occurence in Parsa Koshi Complex, Nepal. The dataset contains
 information on 154 sites around Parsa Koshi Complex. The dataset can be
 analyzed using different statistical softwares like R-program and PRESENCE
 **Variables:** Waypoint: Unique id for each camera trapping sites. 
 Leopard: Number of weeks leopard was detected based on three weeks of
 sampling period  Building: Distance to nearest human settlement in meters
 (m). Human: Total number of humans detected in each camera (n). 
 Livestock: Total number of livestock detected in each camera (n). 
 Tiger:Presence of tiger "1" = presence. prey: Presence of prey
 species "1" = presence.  Water_1: Area of water bodies taking
 radius of 500m keeping camera as center (meter square).  Trees: Area of
 forest taking radius of 500m keeping camera as center (meter square).
 **Code/Software** This dataset can be analysed using hierarchical
 occupancy modelling in R program.