cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008892.v1
title: Selective eating behaviors in children An observational validation of parental report measures_2018.pdf

description: A B S T R A C TSelective eating in children is commonly measured by parental report questionnaires, yet it is unknown if parentsaccurately estimate their child's selective eating behavior. The objectives of this study were to test the validityand stability of two measures of selective eating using observed child behavior. Low-income mother-child dyadsparticipated in a videotaped laboratory eating protocol at two time points (baseline: mean child age=5.9 years;follow-up: mean child age=8.6 years), during which they were presented with a familiar and an unfamiliarvegetable. Videos were reliably coded for child selective eating behaviors: amount consumed, child hedonicrating of vegetables, child compliance with maternal prompts to eat, latency to first bite, number of bites, andnegative utterances. Mothers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire Food Fussiness (CEBQ FF) scaleand the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) at both time points. Questionnaire validity, stability of measured behaviors,and discriminant validity of questionnaires were examined in the full sample. CEBQ FF scores and FNS scoreswere both inversely correlated with the quantity consumed, child hedonic rating, and compliance with promptsto eat for both familiar and unfamiliar vegetables at baseline and at follow up. CEBQ FF and FNS scores wereinversely correlated with number of bites (for both foods), positively correlated with latency to first bite (forboth foods), and inversely correlated with child negative utterances (for the familiar food only). Notably, FNSscores correlated with observed behavior for both familiar and unfamiliar foods, rather than demonstrating aspecific association with unfamiliar foods only. This study supports the validity of the CEBQ FF and FNS in lowincomeearly school-aged children.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008883
title: Pediatricians Advocating Breastfeeding - Let's Start with Supporting our Fellow Pediatricians First_2019.pdf

description: Physician mothers have some of the highest rates ofbreastfeeding initiation; however, their rates of continuationof breastfeeding to 12 months of age dropsubstantially from 97% to 34%.1 Major barriers include difficultyfinding time and a place to express their milk while atwork, competing demands from work and family, as well asperceived lack of employer support.1,2 Less than one-third ofphysician mothers are able to reach their personal breastfeedinggoal, with more than one-half stating that they would havebreastfed longer if their “job had been more supportive.”3Insufficient opportunities to express milk can not only leadto a physician mother not meeting her own lactation goals,but also to blocked ducts, mastitis, decreased milk supply,feelings of inadequacy, stress, and burnout.4 Several factorsare specific to early cessation of lactation in physician mothers,including the shame and stigma around breastfeeding4 andtaking breaks from patient care, teaching, and even researchto express milk during working hours.2 This is especially aproblem for fields where physician mothers are involved withoperating room and procedural duties.5 Furthermore, physiciansoften work in teams and taking a break may affectother team members, or the work cannot continue withoutthe physician (eg, operating rooms or procedural spaces).Unfortunately, anecdotes of physician mothers beingsuboptimally supported in lactation in the workplace are notuncommon, even in pediatrics. Although many behaviorsaround expressing milk in the workplace are “tolerated” byemployers, these behaviors are not explicitly protected asrights of the employee by many institutions. The AffordableCare Act6 mandates that employers provide lactating motherswith “reasonable break time and a private space to expressbreast milk,” however, these accommodations are minimaland many employers, including hospital systems, have notextended their policies or cultures to increase support fortheir lactating employees.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008880
title: Mothers of obese children use more direct imperatives to restrict eating_2017.pdf

description: ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the association of mother and child characteristics with use of direct imperativesto restrict eating.Methods: A total of 237 mother–child dyads (mean child age, 70.9 months) participated in a videorecorded,laboratory-standardized eating protocol with 2 large portions of cupcakes. Videos were reliablycoded for counts of maternal direct imperatives to restrict children’s eating. Anthropometrics were measured.Regression models tested the association of participant characteristics with counts of direct imperatives.Results: Child obese weight status and maternal white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity were associated withgreater levels of direct imperatives to restrict eating (p = .0001 and .0004, respectively).Conclusions and Implications: Mothers of obese children may be using more direct imperatives torestrict eating so as to achieve behavioral compliance to decrease their child’s food intake. Future workshould consider the effects direct imperatives have on children’s short- and long-term eating behaviors andweight gain trajectories.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008883.v1
title: Pediatricians Advocating Breastfeeding - Let's Start with Supporting our Fellow Pediatricians First_2019.pdf

description: Physician mothers have some of the highest rates ofbreastfeeding initiation; however, their rates of continuationof breastfeeding to 12 months of age dropsubstantially from 97% to 34%.1 Major barriers include difficultyfinding time and a place to express their milk while atwork, competing demands from work and family, as well asperceived lack of employer support.1,2 Less than one-third ofphysician mothers are able to reach their personal breastfeedinggoal, with more than one-half stating that they would havebreastfed longer if their “job had been more supportive.”3Insufficient opportunities to express milk can not only leadto a physician mother not meeting her own lactation goals,but also to blocked ducts, mastitis, decreased milk supply,feelings of inadequacy, stress, and burnout.4 Several factorsare specific to early cessation of lactation in physician mothers,including the shame and stigma around breastfeeding4 andtaking breaks from patient care, teaching, and even researchto express milk during working hours.2 This is especially aproblem for fields where physician mothers are involved withoperating room and procedural duties.5 Furthermore, physiciansoften work in teams and taking a break may affectother team members, or the work cannot continue withoutthe physician (eg, operating rooms or procedural spaces).Unfortunately, anecdotes of physician mothers beingsuboptimally supported in lactation in the workplace are notuncommon, even in pediatrics. Although many behaviorsaround expressing milk in the workplace are “tolerated” byemployers, these behaviors are not explicitly protected asrights of the employee by many institutions. The AffordableCare Act6 mandates that employers provide lactating motherswith “reasonable break time and a private space to expressbreast milk,” however, these accommodations are minimaland many employers, including hospital systems, have notextended their policies or cultures to increase support fortheir lactating employees.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008853
title: Early feeding practices and development of childhood obesity_2018_book chapter.pdf

description: IntroductionEarly feeding practices are believed to be animportant contributor to obesity risk in earlychildhood. Feeding practices can be consideredto encompass both what and how caregivers, usuallyparents, feed their children. In this chapter,we will review the evidence to support linksbetween feeding practices and the developmentof childhood obesity. We will begin by reviewingthe evidence linking infant feeding practices andobesity, including breastfeeding, formula composition,the timing of introduction of solid foods,and bottle use.Next, we will move on to consider the evidencefor associations between parent feedingpractices in toddlerhood and beyond with childobesity. Specifically, we will review the mainconstructs typically used to conceptualize parentalfeeding practices, including pressure, monitoring,restriction, promotion of autonomy,repeated exposure, modeling, and teaching. Wewill also briefly consider the beliefs about childobesity and feeding that often underlie thesepractices. We will consider the home feedingenvironment with a focus on the role of television,family mealtimes, and timing of eating inchildhood obesity. We will consider the compositionof food served, including dietary variety.Finally, we will consider the role of the child inshaping the parent’s feeding behavior. Childrenare not “blank slates”, but rather active participantsin the parent-child interaction around feeding.Just as parents may shape children’s obesityrisk, children’s individual traits and behaviorshape parenting practices. We will consider children’sfood preferences, eating in the absence ofhunger, responsiveness to hunger and satiety,emotional or stress eating, and temperament aspredictors of parent feeding practices. We willclose by considering directions for future research.It is important to note that the vast majority ofresearch on this topic to date has focused onmothers. Future work should include fathers andfather figures, as they also play critical roles inparenting and shaping a child’s obesity risk. Inaddition, much of the work on early feedingpractices has occurred in US or European populationsof children, most of whom are white andrelatively well resourced. Future work shouldconsider whether the findings are generalizableto other populations of children. Finally,understandingfeeding practices is complicated by challenges in measurement. The vast majorityof studies have gathered data via maternal self-reporton questionnaires, which has inherent bias.A growing body of work has employed videotapedobservation, though this approach has itsown limitations. Ultimately, capturing feedingpractices requires a multi-method approach thatcan consolidate, and facilitate interpretation of,available evidence.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008868
title: Maternal discouragement and child intake of a palatable dessert A multilevel sequential analysis_2018.pdf

description: Background: Family mealtimes are often marked by parent-child conflict, which may arise when children'seating behaviors do not match parental expectations. Little is known about how children respond to parents'comments to discourage eating.Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the likelihood of a child taking a bite following a maternalstatement to discourage child intake.Methods: 50 mother-child dyads (mean child age 71.8 months) participated in a laboratory eating task withcupcakes. Video recordings were reliably coded for maternal statements to discourage child intake (varying bydomains of affective valence and directness) and child bites. Multilevel sequential analysis was performed todetermine differences in pairs' antecedent statement to discourage child intake and a child's discouraged bite.Results: Children were significantly more likely to be non-compliant by taking a bite following negative (vs.positive), indirect (vs. direct) and negative direct (vs. positive direct) statements to discourage child intake (thatis, a “discouraged bite”). There were no differences in children taking discouraged bites following a negativeindirect vs. positive indirect statement to discourage child intake.Conclusions: Children may be more apt to comply with their mother's mealtime commands if they are deliveredwith a direct approach and a positive affective valence. Future work should examine the longitudinal effects ofusing positive direct mealtime commands on children's food intake, weight gain and emotional health.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008877
title: Methodological considerations for observational coding of eating and feeding behaviors in children and their families_2017.pdf

description: AbstractBackground: Behavioral coding of videotaped eating and feeding interactions can provide researchers with richobservational data and unique insights into eating behaviors, food intake, food selection as well as interpersonaland mealtime dynamics of children and their families. Unlike self-report measures of eating and feeding practices,the coding of videotaped eating and feeding behaviors can allow for the quantitative and qualitative examinationsof behaviors and practices that participants may not self-report. While this methodology is increasingly more common,behavioral coding protocols and methodology are not widely shared in the literature. This has important implications forvalidity and reliability of coding schemes across settings. Additional guidance on how to design, implement, code andanalyze videotaped eating and feeding behaviors could contribute to advancing the science of behavioral nutrition. Theobjectives of this narrative review are to review methodology for the design, operationalization, and coding ofvideotaped behavioral eating and feeding data in children and their families, and to highlight best practices.Methods: When capturing eating and feeding behaviors through analysis of videotapes, it is important for the studyand coding to be hypothesis driven. Study design considerations include how to best capture the target behaviorsthrough selection of a controlled experimental laboratory environment versus home mealtime, duration of videorecording, number of observations to achieve reliability across eating episodes, as well as technical issues in videorecording and sound quality. Study design must also take into account plans for coding the target behaviors, which mayinclude behavior frequency, duration, categorization or qualitative descriptors. Coding scheme creation and refinementoccur through an iterative process. Reliability between coders can be challenging to achieve but is paramount to thescientific rigor of the methodology. Analysis approach is dependent on the how data were coded and collapsed.Conclusions: Behavioral coding of videotaped eating and feeding behaviors can capture rich data “in-vivo” that isotherwise unobtainable from self-report measures. While data collection and coding are time-intensive the data yieldedcan be extremely valuable. Additional sharing of methodology and coding schemes around eating and feedingbehaviors could advance the science and field.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008877.v1
title: Methodological considerations for observational coding of eating and feeding behaviors in children and their families_2017.pdf

description: AbstractBackground: Behavioral coding of videotaped eating and feeding interactions can provide researchers with richobservational data and unique insights into eating behaviors, food intake, food selection as well as interpersonaland mealtime dynamics of children and their families. Unlike self-report measures of eating and feeding practices,the coding of videotaped eating and feeding behaviors can allow for the quantitative and qualitative examinationsof behaviors and practices that participants may not self-report. While this methodology is increasingly more common,behavioral coding protocols and methodology are not widely shared in the literature. This has important implications forvalidity and reliability of coding schemes across settings. Additional guidance on how to design, implement, code andanalyze videotaped eating and feeding behaviors could contribute to advancing the science of behavioral nutrition. Theobjectives of this narrative review are to review methodology for the design, operationalization, and coding ofvideotaped behavioral eating and feeding data in children and their families, and to highlight best practices.Methods: When capturing eating and feeding behaviors through analysis of videotapes, it is important for the studyand coding to be hypothesis driven. Study design considerations include how to best capture the target behaviorsthrough selection of a controlled experimental laboratory environment versus home mealtime, duration of videorecording, number of observations to achieve reliability across eating episodes, as well as technical issues in videorecording and sound quality. Study design must also take into account plans for coding the target behaviors, which mayinclude behavior frequency, duration, categorization or qualitative descriptors. Coding scheme creation and refinementoccur through an iterative process. Reliability between coders can be challenging to achieve but is paramount to thescientific rigor of the methodology. Analysis approach is dependent on the how data were coded and collapsed.Conclusions: Behavioral coding of videotaped eating and feeding behaviors can capture rich data “in-vivo” that isotherwise unobtainable from self-report measures. While data collection and coding are time-intensive the data yieldedcan be extremely valuable. Additional sharing of methodology and coding schemes around eating and feedingbehaviors could advance the science and field.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008880.v1
title: Mothers of obese children use more direct imperatives to restrict eating_2017.pdf

description: ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the association of mother and child characteristics with use of direct imperativesto restrict eating.Methods: A total of 237 mother–child dyads (mean child age, 70.9 months) participated in a videorecorded,laboratory-standardized eating protocol with 2 large portions of cupcakes. Videos were reliablycoded for counts of maternal direct imperatives to restrict children’s eating. Anthropometrics were measured.Regression models tested the association of participant characteristics with counts of direct imperatives.Results: Child obese weight status and maternal white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity were associated withgreater levels of direct imperatives to restrict eating (p = .0001 and .0004, respectively).Conclusions and Implications: Mothers of obese children may be using more direct imperatives torestrict eating so as to achieve behavioral compliance to decrease their child’s food intake. Future workshould consider the effects direct imperatives have on children’s short- and long-term eating behaviors andweight gain trajectories.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008847
title: Approaches to restrictive feeding Associations with child weight and eating behavior_2018.pdf

description: Background: Identifying differences in how mothers communicate restriction of their children's eating may beimportant to understanding the effects of restriction on children's intake and weight status.Objectives: To characterize mothers' restrictive statements by affect and directness, and examine cross-sectionalassociations between restrictive statement types and children's body mass index and eating behaviors.Methods: Mother-child dyads (N=223, mean child age 5.9 years) participated in a structured eating task. Acoding scheme reliably characterized mothers' restrictive statements. Mothers completed measures of childenjoyment of food, food responsiveness, and satiety responsiveness, and child anthropometrics were measured.Poisson regression was used to test associations between type of restrictive statements and child BMI z-score(BMIz) and eating behaviors, adjusting for covariates.Results: Higher child BMIz was associated with mothers' more frequent use of negative direct restrictive statements,but not other types of statements. This association was stronger among girls (RR (95% CI)=2.28(1.45–3.59)) than boys (RR (95% CI)=1.49 (1.05–2.10)). Among girls, but not boys, higher enjoyment of foodand lower satiety responsiveness were associated with more frequent positive direct restrictive statements (RR(95% CI)=1.63 (1.20–2.21) and RR (95% CI)=1.94 (1.29–2.92), respectively). For both sexes, mothers' use ofpositive indirect restrictive statements was more frequent among children with higher enjoyment of food (RR(95% CI)=1.38 (1.11–1.72).Conclusions: The statements mothers use to restrict their children's eating vary in affect and directness. Childcharacteristics, such as sex, BMI, and the presence of specific eating behaviors, are associated with differingapproaches to restriction by mothers.
DOI: 10.25376/hra.8008853.v1
title: Early feeding practices and development of childhood obesity_2018_book chapter.pdf

description: IntroductionEarly feeding practices are believed to be animportant contributor to obesity risk in earlychildhood. Feeding practices can be consideredto encompass both what and how caregivers, usuallyparents, feed their children. In this chapter,we will review the evidence to support linksbetween feeding practices and the developmentof childhood obesity. We will begin by reviewingthe evidence linking infant feeding practices andobesity, including breastfeeding, formula composition,the timing of introduction of solid foods,and bottle use.Next, we will move on to consider the evidencefor associations between parent feedingpractices in toddlerhood and beyond with childobesity. Specifically, we will review the mainconstructs typically used to conceptualize parentalfeeding practices, including pressure, monitoring,restriction, promotion of autonomy,repeated exposure, modeling, and teaching. Wewill also briefly consider the beliefs about childobesity and feeding that often underlie thesepractices. We will consider the home feedingenvironment with a focus on the role of television,family mealtimes, and timing of eating inchildhood obesity. We will consider the compositionof food served, including dietary variety.Finally, we will consider the role of the child inshaping the parent’s feeding behavior. Childrenare not “blank slates”, but rather active participantsin the parent-child interaction around feeding.Just as parents may shape children’s obesityrisk, children’s individual traits and behaviorshape parenting practices. We will consider children’sfood preferences, eating in the absence ofhunger, responsiveness to hunger and satiety,emotional or stress eating, and temperament aspredictors of parent feeding practices. We willclose by considering directions for future research.It is important to note that the vast majority ofresearch on this topic to date has focused onmothers. Future work should include fathers andfather figures, as they also play critical roles inparenting and shaping a child’s obesity risk. Inaddition, much of the work on early feedingpractices has occurred in US or European populationsof children, most of whom are white andrelatively well resourced. Future work shouldconsider whether the findings are generalizableto other populations of children. Finally,understandingfeeding practices is complicated by challenges in measurement. The vast majorityof studies have gathered data via maternal self-reporton questionnaires, which has inherent bias.A growing body of work has employed videotapedobservation, though this approach has itsown limitations. Ultimately, capturing feedingpractices requires a multi-method approach thatcan consolidate, and facilitate interpretation of,available evidence.