cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pc866t1nn
title: The conspecific avoidance strategies of adult female-calf humpback whales

description: During migration, humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) adult females
 and their calves use acoustic calling to help maintain contact. The
 signals produced by these pairs, however, may unintentionally attract
 nearby breeding males, which can result in interactions that have negative
 physical and physiological effects on the calf. Therefore, maternal
 females must choose the vocal and/or behavioral strategy that most
 effectively balances intra-pair communication with male avoidance. Here,
 we analyzed differences in adult female-calf vocal activity and movement
 behavior according to the presence of, and distance to, singing whales and
 other groups likely to contain males. The results of this study found that
 these pairs make only minimal changes to their vocal behavior in response
 to nearby males, suggesting that they have instead evolved calls that are
 naturally difficult to detect (i.e., produced at significantly lower rates
 and acoustic levels than other whale groups, resulting in a restricted
 active space). In addition, they maintain spatial separation from nearby
 groups by moving to shallower, inshore waters, increasing their proportion
 of time spent near the surface, and favoring a direct migratory course.
 This combination of cryptic strategies balances avoidance of unwanted
 conspecific interaction with the necessity of continued contact between
 maternal female humpback whales and their calves.
description: This dataset was collected using animal-borne recording tags and
 accompanying boat- and land-based visual observations. It was analyzed
 using multiple different models, which were evaluated using a
 model-averaging approach.
description: Please see the ReadMe document for information regarding the data
 spreadsheets.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8gz8
title: Quantifying eco-evolutionary contributions to trait divergence in spatially structured systems

description: Ecological and evolutionary processes can occur at similar time scales,
 and hence influence one another. There has been much progress in
 developing metrics that quantify contributions of ecological and
 evolutionary components to trait change over time. However, many empirical
 evolutionary ecology studies document trait differentiation among
 populations structured in space. In both time and space, the observed
 differentiation in trait values among populations and communities can be
 the result of interactions between non-evolutionary (phenotypic
 plasticity, changes in the relative abundance of species) and evolutionary
 (genetic differentiation among populations) processes. However, the tools
 developed so far to quantify ecological and evolutionary contributions to
 trait changes are implicitly addressing temporal dynamics because they
 require directionality of change from an ancestral to a derived state.
 Identifying directionality from one site to another in spatial studies of
 eco-evolutionary dynamics is not always possible and often not meaningful.
 We suggest three modifications to existing partitioning metrics so they
 allow quantifying ecological and evolutionary contributions to changes in
 population and community trait values across spatial locations in
 landscapes. Applying these spatially modified metrics to published
 empirical examples shows how these metrics can be used to generate new
 empirical insights and to facilitate future comparative analyses. The
 possibility to apply eco-evolutionary partitioning metrics to populations
 and communities in natural landscapes is critical as it will broaden our
 capacity to quantify eco-evolutionary interactions as they occur in
 nature.
description: This data has been collected by previous studies, with citations
 provided in main text of manuscript. R code and the specific data used in
 this study are available here.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gtht76hkz
title: More intraguild prey than pest species in arachnid diets may compromise biological control in apple orchards

description: Understanding the full diet of natural enemies is necessary for evaluating
 their role as biocontrol agents, because many enemy species do not only
 feed on pests but also on other natural enemies. Such intraguild predation
 can compromise pest control if the consumed enemies are actually better
 for pest control than their predators. In this study, we used gut
 metabarcoding to quantify diets of all common arachnid species in Swedish
 and Spanish apple orchards. For this purpose, we designed new primers that
 reduce amplification of arachnid predators while retaining high
 amplification of all prey group. Results suggest that most arachnids
 consume a large range of putative pest species on apple but also a high
 proportion of other natural enemies, where the latter constitute almost a
 third of all prey sequences. Intraguild predation also varied between
 regions, with a larger content of heteropteran bugs in arachnid guts from
 Spanish orchards. There was also a tendency for cursorial spiders to have
 more intraguild prey in the gut than web spiders. Two groups that may be
 overlooked as important biocontrol agents in apple orchards seem to be
 theridiid web spiders and opilionids, where the latter had several
 small-bodied pest species in the gut. These results thus provide important
 guidance for what arachnid groups that should be targets of management
 actions, even though additional information is needed to quantify all
 direct and indirect interactions occurring in the complex arthropod food
 webs in fruit orchards.
description: The data were collected from 10 orchards in Sweden and Spain,
 respectively, during a short period one month after peak flowering.
 Arachnids used for gut content analyses were collected individually by
 hand-picking from apple leaves (Sweden) or by beat sampling (Spain), and
 directly transferred to individual tubes with 95% ethanol to reduce
 contamination risk. Collected individuals were identified to the lowest
 taxonomic level possible, to species for adults and to genus or family for
 most juveniles. Fro metabarcoding of gut contents, we sequenced three
 sections, depending on arachnid taxon, within the Folmer region of COI 
 using parallel high throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq3 platform
 at SciLifeLab in Stockholm. We used two new primers designed to reduce
 amplification of spiders (NoAranR) and opilionids (NoOpiF) respectively,
 and one published primer (NoSpi2), combined with general forward or
 reverse primers. We cleaned and dereplicated sequence data using OBITOOLS
 1.2.9 using default settings. Following identification, we removed
 contaminations, plant and fungal sequences, and sequences that resulted in
 no identification (threshold = 97%). We also removed all sequences
 belonging to the same genus as the consumer.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3mc
title: Data from: Climate, competition, and the rise of mosasauroid ecomorphological disparity

description: Mosasauroidea, important marine lizards (Squamata, Toxicofera) of the
 final 30 million years of the Cretaceous, have been extensively studied
 for their morphology, ecology, and systematics in the past two centuries.
 However, the relative roles of biological and physical processes as
 drivers of their morphological diversification remains uncertain. Here we
 investigate the macroevolution of mosasauroid feeding and locomotory
 disparity using continuous characters measured from the mandible and
 forelimb. Patterns of morphospace occupation demonstrate important roles
 for innovation and niche partitioning in driving morphological disparity.
 The early evolution of Mosasauroidea is characterised by strong shifts in
 morphology, demonstrating the importance of elongation of the mandibular
 biting area and hydropedality. The later diversification of derived
 Mosasaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae is associated with a great expansion of
 morphospace, attributed to the acquisition of novel feeding and locomotory
 strategies. Temporally, disparity follows a top-heavy profile, possibly
 reflecting opportunism in the wake of the Cenomanian–Turonian anoxic
 event. The highest levels of disparity are found in the latest Cretaceous,
 caused by the radiation of derived mosasaurids alongside the persistence
 of more basal forms. Major morphological innovations are not associated
 with evolutionary rate shifts, which differentiates them from earlier
 marine reptiles, and may reflect constant and greater niche occupation in
 Late Cretaceous oceans. Linear modelling of potential physical drivers
 indicates a minor role for these processes, suggesting that biological
 drivers were the primary sculptors of mosasauroid morphological disparity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t76hdr80n
title: Porosity of the porous carbonate rocks in the Jingfengqiao-Baidiao area based on finite automata

description: This study is based on the processing of computed microtomography images
 of rock samples. In this study, a finite automation is constructed using
 the gray value, RGB value, and Euler number of polarized images of
 carbonate rocks from the Jingfengqiao-Baidiao area. The finite automaton
 is used to perform black and white binary processing of the polarized
 images of the carbonate rocks. The porosity of the carbonate rock is
 calculated based on the black and white binarization processing results of
 the polarized images of the carbonate rocks. The obtained porosity is
 compared with the carbonate porosity obtained by use of the traditional
 carbonate research method (TCRM). When the two porosities are close, the
 image processing threshold of the finite automata is considered to be
 credible. Based on the finite automata established using the image
 processing threshold, the black and white binary images of the polarized
 images of the carbonate rocks are used to establish a rock pore image
 using ImageJ2X. The polarized images of the carbonate rocks are classified
 according to their red–green–blue (RGB) values using the finite automata
 for the porosity classification, and the obtained images are used as
 textures to paste onto a cube to construct a 3D data model of the
 carbonate rocks. This study also uses 16S rDNA analysis to verify the
 formation mechanism of the carbonate pores in the Jingfengqiao-Baidiao
 area. The results of the 16S rDNA analysis show that the pores in the
 carbonate rocks in the Jingfengqiao-Baidiao area are closely related to
 microorganisms, represented by denitrifying bacteria.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbvf
title: Survey evaluating physicians' experiences with an initiative aimed at improving their EHR use

description: In this case report, we describe an initiative to improve physicians’
 experience with Electronic Health Records (EHRs), which was one of several
 strategies developed within our hospital to reduce physician burnout
 possibly connected to the EHR. We propose a 10 member “EHR SWAT Team” with
 representation from clinical, educational, technical and project
 management staff. This team met with physicians across all hospital
 divisions to collect their issues with the EHR and requests for
 functionality changes. The team then reviewed these requests, prioritized
 and fixed them in a timely manner. Through in-person meetings, the EHR
 SWAT Team gathered 118 issues or change requests, 36.4% of which were
 related to education and 17% of which were quick fixes. Popular requests
 included improved search functionality, auto-faxing and auto-saving of
 notes. 46 physicians completed our short evaluation survey, where 61.3%
 said that it increased their proficiency in using the EHR. We highlight
 five important lessons learned from carrying out this initiative including
 the importance of engaging Information Technology (IT) leadership,
 physician leadership, and physicians across the hospital. Our next steps
 include measuring the impact of this initiative on EHR-related burnout
 through an organizational wide survey and objective back-end usage logs.
description: This survey data was collected anonymously using paper surveys at
 the end of the SWAT sessions. Students then helped to tabulate the results
 and inputted the data into a spreadhseet.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7c4
title: SNP amplicons results of 50 hybrid Chinook-Coho salmon

description: These SNP panel results confirm the hybrid origin
 in 50 Chinook-Coho Salmon individuals. The SNP panel is
 composed of two amplicons and five diagnostic SNPs. DNA amplicons
 OkiOts_120255 and Oki_RAD41030 have SNP sites fixed for alternate base
 pairs in Chinook and Coho salmon (Beacham and Wallace 2019). The panel
 examined genotypes at one diagnostic position in OkiOts_120255 SNP: 113
 (Reference=A, Variant=C) and four positions in Oki_RAD41030: 45 (TC),
 51(CG), 195 (GA), and 198 (TG) called via Proton software Variant
 Caller®. The hybrid salmon were heterozygous for a
 Chinook and Coho haplotype at both SNP loci, confirming these as the
 parental species involved in the hybridization and consistent with all
 being F1 or higher order (F2 or back-cross) hybrid individuals. 
 Beacham, T. D. & Wallace, C. G. (2019). Salmon species
 identification via direct DNA sequencing of single amplicons. Conservation
 Genetics Resources, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-o19-01102-1.
description: DNA from the suspected hybrids was loaded on a P1 chip v3 and run
 consecutively on the Ion Chef, and subsequently loaded on an Ion Torrent
 Proton sequencer (both machines by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 2019).
 The samples were obtained from 50 presumed Chinook salmon sampled
 primarily in the Strait of Georgia, identified as potential Chinook-Coho
 hybrids by the presence of anomalous microsatellite genotypes.
 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (2019). Pub. o. Rev. A.0. Life
 Technologies Corporation. 200 Oyster Point Blvd. South San Francisco, CA
 94080. USA.
description: The abbreviations used in the results denote: Ab=Absent;
 He=Heterozygous; NC=No Call.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2z9t
title: Data from: Assessing bite force estimates in extinct mammals and archosaurs using phylogenetic predictions

description: Bite force is an ecologically important biomechanical performance measure
 is informative in inferring the ecology of extinct taxa. However,
 biomechanical modelling to estimate bite force is associated with some
 level of uncertainty. Here, I assess the accuracy of bite force estimates
 in extinct taxa using a Bayesian phylogenetic prediction model. I first
 fitted a phylogenetic regression model on a training set comprising extant
 data. The model predicts bite force from body mass and skull width while
 accounting for differences owning to biting position. The posterior
 predictive model has a 93% prediction accuracy as evaluated through
 leave-one-out cross-validation. I then predicted bite force in 37 species
 of extinct mammals and archosaurs from the posterior distribution of
 predictive models. Biomechanically estimated bite forces fall within the
 posterior predictive distributions for all except four species of extinct
 taxa and are thus as accurate as that predicted from body size and skull
 width, given the variation inherent in extant taxa and the amount of time
 available for variance to accrue. Biomechanical modelling remains a
 valuable means to estimate bite force in extinct taxa and should be
 reliably informative of functional performances and serve to provide
 insights into past ecologies.
description: Data were collected through a combination of first hand
 observation and measurements of museum specimens, digital acquisition from
 phographs of specimens, and from literature.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zkh18939c
title: Thermal tolerance of fish to heatwaves in agricultural streams: What does not kill you makes you stronger?

description: Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity under climate change.
 Freshwater ecosystems are among the most thermally impacted systems,
 within which agricultural streams are experiencing the most extreme
 heatwaves and deserve prioritized focus. Heatwaves are approaching the
 upper thermal limits of many fishes but have received little attention to
 date. To study whether and how fish tolerate heatwaves from a
 physiological perspective, we simulated single, multiple, and extended
 heatwaves at 32 and 34 °C in the laboratory, based on high-resolution
 summer temperatures recorded in agricultural vs. forested streams in
 Illinois, USA. By investigating the effects of heatwaves on 25 °C
 acclimated fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, an important prey species
 across North America, we witnessed its high thermal resilience, including
 a rapid return to metabolic homeostasis after single and multiple
 heatwaves, measured by oxygen consumption rate (ṀO2). During extended
 heatwave, fathead minnow were still able to lower ṀO2 after the initial
 exposure, despite without complete thermal compensation. We also found
 transient increases in their critical thermal maximum (CTmax), especially
 after higher intensity and frequency of heatwaves. However, the thermal
 resilience of fathead minnow did come with costs, including reduced
 anaerobic capacity indicated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity
 and impaired antioxidant defense indicated by reduced superoxide dismutase
 in white muscle. By monitoring metabolic costs and physiological
 adjustments of fish during and after heatwaves, we showed that fathead
 minnow were resilient to simulated current and near-future heatwaves,
 which may allow them to cope with thermal extremes expected in
 agricultural streams. Overall, the real-time monitoring of fish responses
 to heatwaves incorporates natural dynamics of thermal patterns. It
 facilitates the mechanistic understandings of how fish react to thermal
 challenges in the real world and offers opportunities to incorporate
 high-resolution metabolic costs into future bioenergetic modeling.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.msbcc2fxr
title: Data from: Relaxation of putative plant defenses in a tropical agroecosystem

description: Evidence of the effects of agriculture on natural systems is widespread,
 but potential evolutionary responses in non-target species are largely
 uncharacterized. To explore whether exposure to agrochemicals may
 influence selective pressures and phenotypic expression in
 non-agricultural plant populations, we characterized the expression of
 putative anti-herbivore defense phenotypes in three non-agricultural
 species found upstream and downstream of irrigated rice fields in
 Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. We found that plants downstream of
 chemically intensive agriculture showed shifts toward reduced expression
 of putative anti-herbivore defenses relative to upstream counterparts. In
 two of three tested species, leaf extracts from downstream plants were
 more palatable to a generalist consumer, suggesting a possible reduction
 of chemical defenses. In one species with multiple modes of putative
 defenses, we observed parallel reductions of three metrics of putative
 biotic and physical defenses. These reductions were concurrent with
 reduced herbivore damage on downstream plants. Together, these results
 suggest that agriculture has the potential to alter intraspecific
 phenotypic expression, ecological interactions, and natural selection in
 non-target plant populations.
description: Data regarding palatability of leaf extracts from three plant
 species (<em>Vachellia collinsii, Malvaviscus arboreus,
 </em>and <em>Guazuma ulmifolia</em>) were collected
 using generalist ant bioassays conducted in Palo Verde National Park,
 Costa Rica. Other phenotypic data (diameter at breast
 height, herbivore damage, extrafloral nectary size and number, spine size,
 mutualist ant response to disturbance) on <em>Vachellia collinsii
 </em>were collected in-situ or from scanned images generated from
 leaf samples collected in situ in an agroecosystem outside of Palo Verde
 National Park, Costa Rica. Samples testing for presence
 of one insecticide (acephate) in water samples in the agroecosystem were
 collected in situ at both study sites outside of Palo Verde National Park;
 data were generated from spectrophotometric analysis of an
 acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay conducted at La Selva Biological
 Satation. In all datasets, data were not processed. Any
 derived variables used in analysis are provided along with raw
 measurements collected in the laboratory or field.
description: All usage notes are described in the file README.txt archived
 along with the data. Missing values in the file
 "2013-Vachellia-herbivory.csv" reflect plant samples from which
 clear leaf scans were not obtained for measuring herbivore
 damage.
DOI: 10.48689/596870d2-ba26-4304-8174-0463936735f6
title: CSOP- Surface Water Temperature

description: Surface Water Temp.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnkk
title: Changes in species composition mediate direct effects of climate change on future fire regimes of boreal forests in northeastern China

description: 1.    Direct effects of climate change (i.e.,
 temperature rise, changes in seasonal precipitation, wind patterns, and
 atmospheric stability) affect fire regimes of boreal forests by altering
 fire behavior, fire seasons, and fuel moisture. Climate change also alters
 species composition and fuel characteristics, which subsequently alter
 fire regimes. However, indirect effects of climate change are often
 simplified or neglected in the direct climate-fire relationship models and
 dynamic global vegetation models. This may result in high uncertainties
 associated with existing projections of fire regimes for climate change
 scenarios. Moreover, few studies have examined fire regime predictions
 beyond the 21st century, and consequently, how the fire regimes of boreal
 forests would respond to climate change at the long-term (&gt;100
 years) is not clear. 2.    We develop a coupled modeling
 framework integrating direct and indirect effects of climate change to
 predict fire occurrence probability and burned area for boreal forests in
 northeastern China. We applied repeated-measures ANOVA to quantify direct
 and indirect effects of climate change on fire regimes in the short (0-50
 years), medium (60-100 years), and long-term (150-200 years). 3. 
   Results showed that for the 21st century, direct effects of
 climate change are likely to exert a stronger influence on fire regimes
 than indirect effects. However, increases in fire occurrence probability
 and burned area will accelerate the transition of boreal forests to
 temperate forests in the period 2100-2200, and thereby reduce fire
 occurrence probability and burned area. This suggests that vegetation
 change will mediate direct effects of climate change on fire regimes of
 boreal forests in the long-term. 4.   
 Synthesis and applications. Vegetation change will mediate direct effects
 of climate change on fire regimes of boreal forests in the long-term. This
 finding suggested that policy makers may consider adaptive management by
 planting deciduous species to reduce fire occurrence probability and
 resistant management by reducing competition to promote boreal species
 under changing climate conditions.
description: Details of the methods can be found in the manuscripts.
DOI: 10.48689/736c4721-db8e-4116-a5f8-d9084126b135
title: Harmful algae in Strait of Georgia, 2015-2021

description: Water samples taken at depths that included 0m, 5m, 10m, and 20m in the Strait of Georgia. Phytoplankton biomass was then calculated. At present (February 2022), phytoplankton counts are presented for download. Until formal publication, contact Esenkulova directly for biomass results. Phytoplankton for 2021 shown separately.
DOI: 10.48689/c13796a9-71c8-4d71-932b-cf5b11747aa6
title: Juvenile Herring Data, 1990-2001
title: Données sur les harengs juvéniles, de 1990 à 2001

description: Fish and plankton abundance and distribution from standardized seine net sets in Strait of Georgia from 1990 to 2001. Data collected in the spring and fall of most years.
description: Abondance et répartition du poisson et du plancton issus des prises à la senne normalisées dans le détroit de Georgie de 1990 à 2001. Données recueillies au printemps et à l'automne, presque chaque année.