cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t2m46
title: Data from: Photosynthetic pathways in Bromeliaceae: phylogenetic and ecological significance of CAM and C3 based on carbon isotope ratios for 1893 species

description: A comprehensive analysis of photosynthetic pathways in relation to
 phylogeny and elevational distribution was conducted in Bromeliaceae, an
 ecologically diverse Neotropical family containing large numbers of both
 terrestrial and epiphytic species. Tissue carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) was
 used to determine the occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and
 C3 photosynthesis in 1893 species, representing 57% of species and all 56
 genera in the family. The frequency of δ13C values showed a strongly
 bimodal distribution: 1074 species (57%) had values more negative than
 −20‰ (mode = −26.7‰), typical of predominantly daytime carbon fixation via
 the C3 pathway, whereas 819 species (43%) possessed values less negative
 than −20‰ (mode = −13.3‰), indicative of predominantly nocturnal fixation
 of carbon via the CAM pathway. Amongst the six almost exclusively
 terrestrial subfamilies in Bromeliaceae, Brocchinioideae, Lindmanioideae
 and Navioideae consisted entirely of C3 species, with CAM species being
 restricted to Hechtioideae (all species of Hechtia tested),
 Pitcairnioideae (all species belonging to a xeric clade comprising
 Deuterocohnia, Dyckia and Encholirium) and Puyoideae (21% of Puya spp.).
 Of the other two subfamilies, in the overwhelmingly epiphytic (plus
 lithophytic) Tillandsioideae, 28% of species possessed CAM photosynthesis,
 all restricted to the derived genus Tillandsia and tending towards the
 more extreme epiphytic ‘atmospheric’ life-form. In Bromelioideae, with
 comparable numbers of terrestrial and epiphytic species, 90% of taxa
 showed CAM; included in these are the first records of CAM photosynthesis
 in Androlepis, Canistropsis, Deinacanthon, Disteganthus, Edmundoa,
 Eduandrea, Hohenbergiopsis, Lymania, Pseudananas, Ronnbergia and Ursulaea.
 With respect to elevational gradients, the greatest number of C3 bromeliad
 species were found at mid-elevations between 500 and 1500 m, whereas the
 frequency of CAM species declined monotonically with increasing elevation.
 However, in Puya, at least ten CAM species have been recorded at
 elevations &gt; 3000 m, showing that CAM photosynthesis is not
 necessarily incompatible with low temperatures. This survey identifies
 five major origins of CAM photosynthesis at a higher taxonomic level in
 Bromeliaceae, but future phylogenetic work is likely to reveal a more
 fine-scale pattern of gains and losses of this trait, especially in
 ecologically diverse and widely distributed genera such as Tillandsia and
 Puya
description: Table 1 xls for
 DRYADCarbon isotope ratios
 for 2124 samples of Bromeliaceae (including 15 previously published
 values) representing 1893 species, with taxonomic authority, information
 on source of material and ecology of the species.Table_1_emended_xls_for_DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r0904
title: Data from: Elevated salinity blocks pathogen transmission and improves host survival for a globally pandemic disease: implications for amphibian translocations

description: 1. Emerging infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to global
 biodiversity. Chytridiomycosis in amphibians is perhaps the most extreme
 example of this phenomenon known to science. Translocations are
 increasingly used to fight disease-induced extinctions. However, many
 programs fail because disease is still present or subsequently establishes
 in the translocation environment. There is a need for studies in
 real-world scenarios to test whether environmental manipulation could
 improve survival in populations by generating unfavourable environmental
 conditions for pathogens. Reintroductions of amphibians impacted by
 chytridiomycosis into environments where the disease persists provide a
 scenario where this paradigm can be tested. 2. We tested the hypothesis
 that manipulating environmental salinity in outdoor mesocosms under near
 identical environmental conditions applying in a nearby translocation
 program for an endangered amphibian, would improve survival and determine
 the mechanisms involved. 160 infected and 288 uninfected, captive-bred,
 juvenile frogs were released into 16 outdoor mesocosms in which salinity
 was controlled (high or low salinity treatment). The experiment was run
 for 25 weeks from the mid-austral winter to the mid-austral summer of 2013
 in a temperate coastal environment, Australia. 3. Increasing salinity from
 ca. 0.5 ppt to 3.5 - 4.5 ppt reduced pathogen transmission between
 infected and uninfected animals, resulting in significantly reduced
 mortality in elevated salt mesocosms (0.13, high salt versus 0.23, low
 salt survival at 23 weeks). Increasing water temperature associated with
 season (from mean 13oC to 25oC) eventually cleared all surviving animals
 of the pathogen. 4. Synthesis and applications. We identified a mechanism
 by which environmental salinity can protect amphibian hosts from
 chytridomycosis by reducing disease transmission rates and conclude that
 manipulating environmental salinity in landscapes where chytrid-affected
 amphibians are currently translocated could improve the probability of
 population persistence for hundreds of species. More broadly, we provide
 support for the paradigm that environmental manipulation can be used to
 mitigate the impact of emerging infectious diseases.18-Sep-2017
description: Tub survey data for
 DryadCopy of
 Experimental survey data for Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7hb7r
title: Data from: Sampling diverse characters improves phylogenies: craniodental and postcranial characters of vertebrates often imply different trees

description: Morphological cladograms of vertebrates are often inferred from greater
 numbers of characters describing the skull and teeth than from postcranial
 characters. This is either because the skull is believed to yield
 characters with a stronger phylogenetic signal (i.e., contain less
 homoplasy), because morphological variation therein is more readily
 atomized, or because craniodental material is more widely available
 (particularly in the palaeontological case). An analysis of 85 vertebrate
 datasets published between 2000 and 2013 confirms that craniodental
 characters are significantly more numerous than postcranial characters,
 but finds no evidence that levels of homoplasy differ in the two
 partitions. However, a new partition test based on tree-to-tree distances
 (as measured by Robinson Foulds metric) rather than tree length reveals
 that relationships inferred from the partitions are significantly
 different about one time in three, much more often than expected. Such
 differences may reflect divergent selective pressures in different body
 regions, resulting in different localized patterns of homoplasy. Most
 systematists attempt to sample characters broadly across body regions, but
 this is not always possible. We conclude that trees inferred largely from
 either craniodental or postcranial characters in isolation may differ
 significantly from those that would result from a more holistic approach.
 We urge the latter.
description: TNT
 FilesEdited TNT files
 partitioned into craniodental and postcranial
 charactersTable1Summary statistics for
 the 85 vertebrate morphological data sets analysed
 herein.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fq24fr3
title: Data from: Early Cretaceous gymnolaemate bryozoans from the early to middle Albian of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of Texas, USA

description: Gymnolaemate bryozoans are common encrusters on bivalve shells from the
 early to middle Albian parts of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of
 southcentral and northcentral Texas. Here, we report for the first time
 the presence of seven gymnolaemate bryozoans, all of which represent new
 species. They include the bioimmured ctenostome Simplicidium jontoddi n.
 sp., and the cheilostomes Rhammatopora glenrosa n. sp., Iyarispora
 ikaanakiteeh n. gen. n. sp., Iyarispora chiass n. gen. n. sp., Charixa
 bispinata n. sp., Charixa sexspinata n. sp. and Charixa emanuelae n. sp.
 The Glen Rose bryozoans slightly antedate the commencement of an explosive
 bryozoan radiation and the first appearance of neocheilostomes in the late
 Albian. Although the diversity of cheilostomes in the Glen Rose and Walnut
 formations is similar to that of cyclostomes, cheilostomes are more
 abundant and produced larger colonies. These formations therefore yield
 the oldest known bryozoan assemblage dominated in terms of biomass by
 cheilostomes. The genus concept of Charixa is discussed and amended.
description: Data Set 1 (Martha et
 al. 2018)_Glen Rose and Walnut gymnolaemate bryozoansNon-type material of new
 cheilostome bryozoan species from the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of
 southcentral and northcentral Texas, USA.Data Set 1 (Martha et al.
 2019)_Glen Rose and Walnut gymnolaemate
 bryozoans.pdf
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tr94hm86
title: Data from: The role of physical barriers in the location of avian suture zones in the Guiana Shield, northern Amazonia

description: Suture zones represent natural forums to examine the role of geography and
 ecology in the speciation process. Here, we conduct a comparative analysis
 designed to investigate the location of avian phylogeographic breaks and
 contact zones in the Guiana Shield, northern Amazonia. We use
 distributional and genetic data from 78 pairs of avian taxa to address
 whether phylogeographic breaks and contact zones are associated with
 contemporary landscape features. Using spatially explicit statistical
 models, we found that phylogeographic breaks and contact zones are not
 randomly distributed throughout the landscape. In general, geographic
 breaks cluster along physical barriers (rivers, non-forested habitats, and
 small mountain ranges), whereas contact zones aggregate where these
 barriers either break down or are easier to overcome, such as around
 rivers' headwaters. Our results indicate that although major
 Amazonian rivers are often key determinants of taxon boundaries, the
 'riverine barrier effect' is a synergistic consequence of the
 wide lower reaches of some rivers, coupled with non-riverine landscape
 features at the headwaters. Our data suggest that ancestral refugia are
 not necessary to explain current distribution patterns and that pairs of
 co-distributed taxa do not seem to be the result of simultaneous
 diversification processes.
description: Table
 A2Pairs were considered
 ‘in contact’ when i) specimens or field observations documented both taxa
 to occur in syntopy (actual contact), ii) both taxa were found at nearby
 localities (&lt; 20 km) in a continuous habitat (virtual contact), or iii)
 phenotypically intermediate birds (i.e., birds with intermediate plumage
 patterns or coloration, suggesting hybridization) were reported in the
 literature or found in ornithological collections. For those
 intermediate-looking specimens found in collections, we restricted our
 analyses to areas located in the geographically intervening regions
 between two taxa ranges (parapatric contact zones).Appendix_List of samples
 and accession numbers
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.386mr
title: Data from: Paleoecological and stratigraphic controls on eurypterid Lagerstätten: a model for preservation in the mid-Paleozoic

description: Recent studies of eurypterid paleoecology suggest that formation of
 eurypterid Lagerstätten in the mid-Paleozoic of Laurentia was controlled
 by the presence of an ecological–taphonomic window that recurred
 predictably in nearshore, marginal environments during transgressions. We
 tested this hypothesis by performing a high-resolution taxonomic,
 environmental, and stratigraphic survey and quantitative analysis of all
 Silurian–Lower Devonian eurypterid-bearing intervals in the Appalachian
 basin, the most prolific region for eurypterid remains in the world.
 Canonical correspondence analysis of sedimentological and faunal
 associations revealed a strong lithologic gradient between groupings of
 eurypterid genera and associated taxa across the basin, and a significant
 association of eurypterids with microbialites (thrombolites,
 stromatolites) and evaporitic structures. Field observations confirmed
 that, stratigraphically, eurypterids in the basin frequently occur above
 the microbialite structures and beneath evaporites and other indicators of
 increased salinity or subaerial exposure. Following interpretation of
 these features within a sequence stratigraphic framework, we present a
 preservational model in which (1) eurypterids inhabited nearshore settings
 following freshening conditions concomitant with minor transgressions, (2)
 their remains were subsequently buried by storms or microbialite sediment
 baffling, and (3) subsequent long-term preservation of tissues was
 facilitated by regression and cyclical shallowing-up successions that
 promoted hypersalinity and anoxia. In the central and southern region of
 the basin, where microbial structures and evidence for hypersalinity are
 less common, a similar pattern of cyclical shallowing-upward deposition
 within eurypterid-bearing units holds. Thus, eurypterid preservation
 appears to reflect a combination of ecological preferences and abiotic
 conditions that promoted inhabitation and eventual preservation within the
 same setting. This study provides the first quantitative support for a sea
 level–based control on preservation of eurypterids and adds to the growing
 body of evidence that suggests that analysis of exceptional preservation
 in the fossil record benefits from interpretation within a sequence
 stratigraphic framework.
description: Supplemental Table
 1Raw
 locality, age, stratigraphic, lithological, sedimentological, faunal, and
 reference data used in this study.Supplemental Table
 2CCA
 scores for all analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8g252
title: Data from: Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies

description: Ecologists seek general explanations for the dramatic variation in species
 abundances in space and time. An increasingly popular solution is to
 predict species distributions, dynamics and responses to environmental
 change based on easily measured anatomical and morphological traits.
 Trait-based approaches assume that simple functional traits influence
 fitness and life history evolution, but rigorous tests of this assumption
 are lacking because they require quantitative information about the full
 life-cycles of many species representing different life histories. Here we
 link a global traits database with empirical matrix population models for
 222 species and report strong relationships between functional traits and
 plant life histories. Species with large seeds, long-lived leaves, or
 dense wood have slow life histories, with mean fitness (i.e. population
 growth rates) more strongly influenced by survival than by growth or
 fecundity, compared to fast life history species with small seeds,
 short-lived leaves, or soft wood. In contrast to measures of demographic
 contributions to fitness based on whole life-cycles, analyses focused on
 raw demographic rates may underestimate the strength of association
 between traits and mean fitness. Our results help establish the
 physiological basis for plant life history evolution and show the
 potential for trait-based approaches in population dynamics.
description: Data: Traits and
 demographyDemographic data for the
 222 species included in the analysis. Accompanying species trait means can
 be requested from the TRY database
 (http://www.try-db.org).adler_demography.csvPhylogenyNexus file containing the phylogeny for the 222 species included in the analysisadler_phylogeny.nexR codeR code to run the complete analysis and generate the figures included in the publicationadler_trait_demography.rOriginal references for the demographic dataadler_demography_references.xlsx
DOI: 10.18160/spbj-67w7
title: Biogenic in-situ observations (L2), Munich Sapflow, 2024-04-01–2024-12-31

description: Tree sap flow data from Munich, Germany. Details of the measurements, file contents etc are described in ICOS Cities deliverable report D3.13.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4f8d2
title: Data from: Biochemical determinants of litter quality in 15 species of Sphagnum

description: Background and aims: Sphagnum mosses are ecosystem engineers that create
 and maintain boreal peatlands. With unique biochemistry, waterlogging and
 acidifying capacities, they build up meters-thick layers of peat, reducing
 competition and impeding decomposition. We quantify within-genus
 differences in biochemical composition to make inferences about decay
 rates, related to hummock–hollow and fen–bog gradients and to
 phylogeny.Methods: We sampled litter from 15 Sphagnum species, abundant
 over the whole northern hemisphere. We used regression and Principal
 Components Analysis (PCA) to evaluate general relationships between litter
 quality parameters and decay rates measured under laboratory and field
 conditions. Results: Both concentrations of the polysaccharide sphagnan
 and the soluble phenolics were positively correlated with intrinsic decay
 resistance, however, so were the previously understudied lignin-like
 phenolics. More resistant litter had more of all the important
 metabolites; consequently, PC1 scores were related to lab mass loss (R2 =
 0.57). There was no such relationship with field mass loss, which is also
 affected by the environment. PCA also revealed that metabolites clearly
 group Sphagnum sections (subgenera). Conclusions: We suggest that the
 commonly stated growth-decomposition trade-off is largely due to litter
 quality. We show a strong phylogenetic control on Sphagnum metabolites,
 but their effects on decay are affected by nutrient availability in the
 habitat.
description: bengtsson_etal_2018_LQBiochemical data for 15 Sphagnum species used to analyse determinants of litter quality of Sphagnum (peat mosses).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80jh7
title: Data from: Epigenetic divergence as a potential first step in darter speciation

description: Recent studies show that epigenetic variation in the form of DNA
 methylation may serve as a substrate for selection. Theory suggests that
 heritable epigenetic marks that increase fitness should increase in
 frequency in a population, and these changes may result in novel
 morphology, behaviour, or physiology, and ultimately reproductive
 isolation. Therefore, epigenetic variation might provide the first
 substrate for selection during the course of evolutionary divergence. This
 hypothesis predicts that populations in the earliest stages of divergence
 will differentiate in their methylome prior to any genetic
 differentiation. While several studies have investigated natural
 epigenetic variation, empirical studies that test predictions about its
 role in speciation are surprisingly scarce. Here, we investigate DNA
 methylation variation using an isoschizomeric digest method,
 Methyl-Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism, across multiple stages of
 evolutionary divergence in natural populations of North American stream
 fishes. We show that epigenetic differentiation between methylomes is
 greater than genetic divergence among closely related populations across
 two river drainages. Additionally, we demonstrate that epigenetic
 divergence is a stronger predictor of the strength of behavioural
 reproductive isolation and suggest that changes in the methylome could
 influence the evolution of reproductive isolation between species. Our
 findings suggest a role for epigenetics not only in the initiation of
 divergence, but also in the maintenance of species boundaries over greater
 evolutionary timescales.
description: Patuxent MSAP
 MatricesMethylation susceptible
 (MS) and unmethylated (UM) matrices from five sampling locations in the
 Patuxent River.Patuxent
 Matrices.xlsxInterspecific MSAP
 MatricesMethylation susceptible
 (MS) and unmethylated (UM) matrices for eight species pairs used in the
 interspecific analyses.Final 8 Data Matrices
 Interspecific.xlsxFinal Potomac
 MatricesMethylation susceptible
 (MS) and unmethylated (UM) matrices from six sampling locations in the
 Potomac River.Potomac
 Matrices.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d2n0p
title: Data from: "Willing to pay?" Tax compliance in Britain and Italy: an experimental analysis

description: As shown by the recent crisis, tax evasion poses a significant problem for
 countries such as Greece, Spain and Italy. While these societies certainly
 possess weaker fiscal institutions as compared to other EU members, might
 broader cultural differences between northern and southern Europe also
 help to explain citizens’ (un)willingness to pay their taxes? To address
 this question, we conduct laboratory experiments in the UK and Italy, two
 countries which straddle this North-South divide. Our design allows us to
 examine citizens’ willingness to contribute to public goods via taxes
 while holding institutions constant. We report a surprising result: when
 faced with identical tax institutions, redistribution rules and audit
 probabilities, Italian participants are significantly more likely to
 comply than Britons. Overall, our findings cast doubt upon “culturalist”
 arguments that would attribute cross-country differences in tax compliance
 to the lack of morality amongst southern European taxpayers.
description: Replication
 CodePLOS_replicationCode.doReplication DataPLOS_replicationData.dta
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t5pr5
title: Data from: Women's emotional and sexual attraction to men across the menstrual cycle

description: There is ongoing debate about how and why the menstrual cycle affects
 women’s attraction to men. According to the dual sexuality hypothesis,
 women form pair-bond relationships with men who provide care but also
 obtain genetic benefits by biasing mating effort towards men with
 high-fitness genes during the fertile phase. By contrast, the commitment
 hypothesis proposes that attachment bonds with primary partners function
 to strengthen pair-bond relationships by enhancing in-pair attraction at
 the fertile phase, rather than extra-pair attraction. We tested these
 hypotheses by measuring women’s daily sexual and emotional attraction
 towards men over the whole menstrual cycle. We employed (1) a urinary
 luteinizing hormone test to determine the day of ovulation, (2) a
 five-part classification of menstrual cycle that identifies a distinct
 peri-ovulatory phase, and (3) individualized phase identification for each
 participant. There was a mid-cycle rise in extra-pair sexual desire. Women
 gave and received more care from partners during the menstrual than the
 mid-cycle phases. Partner’s sexual attractiveness and mutual commitment
 did not moderate these findings. The results do not support either the
 dual sexuality or commitment hypotheses, and imply that female
 self-reported sexual desire is not strictly dependent on cyclic hormonal
 changes. Our results are more consistent with a recently proposed
 `spandrel’ hypothesis, positing cycle phase effects as a non-functional
 by-product of raised estradiol. Additionally, we found that, with the date
 of ovulation estimated by luteinizing hormone tests, 45% of ovulations
 were misclassified by the backward counting method, which urges caution in
 interpreting results based on counting methods.
description: Womens' daily
 reports of emotional and sexual attraction towards partners and extra-pair
 men.Data used for mixed
 models.Data
 for Dryad.xlsxWomens' reports of
 emotional and sexual attraction towards partners and extra-pair men in two
 phases.Data used for repeated
 measure ANCOVA.Data for Dryad 2 (version
 2).xlsxWomens' reports of
 emotional and sexual attraction towards partners and extra-pair men in
 five phases.Data used for repeated
 measure ANCOVA.Data for Dryad
 3.xlsx