cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30247656
title: Thermal performance evaluation of single-evacuated tube compound parabolic concentrator (ET-CPC) with thermosyphon heat pipe solar collector using waste car engine oil (WCEO)

description: The thermal performance of a single-evacuated tube compound parabolic concentrating (ET-CPC) solar collector integrated with a thermosyphon heat pipe (THP) was experimentally analyzed using waste car engine oil as the heat transfer medium. The collector was designed and fabricated with an acceptance half-angle of 60° and a tilt angle of 45°, ensuring efficient thermal energy transfer while minimizing losses. The solar collector demonstrated high efficiency in utilizing both direct and diffuse radiation, the evaporator temperature reaches above 200°C, even under cloudy or rainy conditions. Under peak solar radiation, the maximum evaporator temperature reached 228.92°C, showcasing the system’s efficiency and adaptability to varying solar intensities. Performance was assessed across varying flow rates from 0.01 kg/s to 0.06 kg/s, with an optimal flow rate, achieving a maximum useful heat gain of 4,358.13 W with an average heat transfer rate of 7,086.81Wh and the maximum thermal efficiency of 45.52% at the flow rate of 0.05 kg/s. The effect of solar radiation on the thermal efficiency gradually increases with increase in the instantaneous efficiency of the collector. The designed solar collector has a thermally stable condition. Utilizing waste car engine oil (WCEO) as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) ensures efficient thermal energy transfer and storage, providing stable heat output and maintaining a consistent temperature. Results indicate the potential of the ET-CPC system for applications such as cooking, drying, and desalination, particularly in regions with intermittent solar radiation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30247656.v1
title: Thermal performance evaluation of single-evacuated tube compound parabolic concentrator (ET-CPC) with thermosyphon heat pipe solar collector using waste car engine oil (WCEO)

description: The thermal performance of a single-evacuated tube compound parabolic concentrating (ET-CPC) solar collector integrated with a thermosyphon heat pipe (THP) was experimentally analyzed using waste car engine oil as the heat transfer medium. The collector was designed and fabricated with an acceptance half-angle of 60° and a tilt angle of 45°, ensuring efficient thermal energy transfer while minimizing losses. The solar collector demonstrated high efficiency in utilizing both direct and diffuse radiation, the evaporator temperature reaches above 200°C, even under cloudy or rainy conditions. Under peak solar radiation, the maximum evaporator temperature reached 228.92°C, showcasing the system’s efficiency and adaptability to varying solar intensities. Performance was assessed across varying flow rates from 0.01 kg/s to 0.06 kg/s, with an optimal flow rate, achieving a maximum useful heat gain of 4,358.13 W with an average heat transfer rate of 7,086.81Wh and the maximum thermal efficiency of 45.52% at the flow rate of 0.05 kg/s. The effect of solar radiation on the thermal efficiency gradually increases with increase in the instantaneous efficiency of the collector. The designed solar collector has a thermally stable condition. Utilizing waste car engine oil (WCEO) as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) ensures efficient thermal energy transfer and storage, providing stable heat output and maintaining a consistent temperature. Results indicate the potential of the ET-CPC system for applications such as cooking, drying, and desalination, particularly in regions with intermittent solar radiation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17007712
title: Natural minerals as potential catalysts for the pyrolysis of date kernels: effect of catalysts on products yield and bio-oil quality

description: An increasing attention is being paid for the production of bio-oil especially in the countries that suffer from the lack of energy resources such as Jordan. The aim of this study is to investigate the catalytic effect of Jordanian minerals on the pyrolysis of date kernels. Experiments are carried out in a lab-scale externally heated-tubular reactor. The experiments are conducted at a fixed catalyst-to-feed ratio at 5 wt%, heating rate of 100°C/min and a final temperature of 500°C. The study investigated the performance of the considered catalysts on pyrolytic product yields and bio-oil quality. Results showed that oil shale ash produced the highest bio-oil yield (44.0 wt%), and zeolitic tuff produced the highest gas yield (138.1 ml/g-feed). The investigated catalysts altered the chemical composition of bio-oil. The produced bio-oil when using the zeolitic tuff as a catalyst possessed the best properties in terms of acidity and stability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17007712.v1
title: Natural minerals as potential catalysts for the pyrolysis of date kernels: effect of catalysts on products yield and bio-oil quality

description: An increasing attention is being paid for the production of bio-oil especially in the countries that suffer from the lack of energy resources such as Jordan. The aim of this study is to investigate the catalytic effect of Jordanian minerals on the pyrolysis of date kernels. Experiments are carried out in a lab-scale externally heated-tubular reactor. The experiments are conducted at a fixed catalyst-to-feed ratio at 5 wt%, heating rate of 100°C/min and a final temperature of 500°C. The study investigated the performance of the considered catalysts on pyrolytic product yields and bio-oil quality. Results showed that oil shale ash produced the highest bio-oil yield (44.0 wt%), and zeolitic tuff produced the highest gas yield (138.1 ml/g-feed). The investigated catalysts altered the chemical composition of bio-oil. The produced bio-oil when using the zeolitic tuff as a catalyst possessed the best properties in terms of acidity and stability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30598000
title: Study of characteristics of substandard liquid fuel combustion using steam atomization and diluent gases

description: The work is devoted to a comprehensive study of the combustion processes of liquid hydrocarbon waste using a promising method of steam atomization in combination with the supply of diluent gases. The experimental analysis evaluates the impact of various operational parameters on the environmental and energy performance of combustion using waste motor oil as an example. Special attention is given to the temperature distribution within the flame, the composition of intermediate and final combustion products, and the formation dynamics of key pollutants. It has been established that the proposed technology allows achieving a reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions while maintaining high energy efficiency of the process. For instance, the introduction of N<sub>2</sub> as a diluent led to a 7–10% reduction of NOx emissions compared to the baseline mode. However, the addition of CO<sub>2</sub> caused CO concentrations to increase to more than 100 ppm. The results obtained are important for the development of promising environmentally friendly technologies for the disposal of liquid hydrocarbon waste in energy and industry.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30598000.v1
title: Study of characteristics of substandard liquid fuel combustion using steam atomization and diluent gases

description: The work is devoted to a comprehensive study of the combustion processes of liquid hydrocarbon waste using a promising method of steam atomization in combination with the supply of diluent gases. The experimental analysis evaluates the impact of various operational parameters on the environmental and energy performance of combustion using waste motor oil as an example. Special attention is given to the temperature distribution within the flame, the composition of intermediate and final combustion products, and the formation dynamics of key pollutants. It has been established that the proposed technology allows achieving a reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions while maintaining high energy efficiency of the process. For instance, the introduction of N<sub>2</sub> as a diluent led to a 7–10% reduction of NOx emissions compared to the baseline mode. However, the addition of CO<sub>2</sub> caused CO concentrations to increase to more than 100 ppm. The results obtained are important for the development of promising environmentally friendly technologies for the disposal of liquid hydrocarbon waste in energy and industry.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29366668
title: Construction and verification of reduction methane/air mechanism based on sensitivity analysis and direct relationship diagram method

description: The direct relationship graph (DRG) and sensitivity analysis were used to simplify the detailed mechanism of methane combustion in GRI-Mech 3.0, and finally a reduction mechanism containing 26 components and 64 elementary reactions was obtained. To verify the rationality and reliability of the reduction mechanism, the closed homogeneous reactor was used to verify that the deviation between the ignition delay time predicted by the reduction mechanism and the detailed mechanism was less than 5 %. The simulation results of the fully stirred reactor (PSR) showed that the error of the combustion temperature calculated by the reduction mechanism did not exceed 2 %, and the peak deviation of the NO mole fraction was controlled within 8%; in the laminar premixed flame simulation, the peak error of the combustion velocity predicted by the reduction mechanism was less than 3 %. Further verification by the Sandia Flame D flame experiment showed that the maximum deviation between the temperature distribution simulated by the reduction mechanism and the experimental data was 44.7 K, while the relative errors of the mass fraction distribution of components such as CH<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> and the experimental values were all less than 5%. Research has shown that this reduction mechanism significantly reduces the computational complexity while ensuring that the error of key parameters is less than 5 %. It is suitable for numerical simulation of complex combustion processes and provides efficient kinetic model support for engineering combustion optimization and pollutant control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29366668.v1
title: Construction and verification of reduction methane/air mechanism based on sensitivity analysis and direct relationship diagram method

description: The direct relationship graph (DRG) and sensitivity analysis were used to simplify the detailed mechanism of methane combustion in GRI-Mech 3.0, and finally a reduction mechanism containing 26 components and 64 elementary reactions was obtained. To verify the rationality and reliability of the reduction mechanism, the closed homogeneous reactor was used to verify that the deviation between the ignition delay time predicted by the reduction mechanism and the detailed mechanism was less than 5 %. The simulation results of the fully stirred reactor (PSR) showed that the error of the combustion temperature calculated by the reduction mechanism did not exceed 2 %, and the peak deviation of the NO mole fraction was controlled within 8%; in the laminar premixed flame simulation, the peak error of the combustion velocity predicted by the reduction mechanism was less than 3 %. Further verification by the Sandia Flame D flame experiment showed that the maximum deviation between the temperature distribution simulated by the reduction mechanism and the experimental data was 44.7 K, while the relative errors of the mass fraction distribution of components such as CH<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> and the experimental values were all less than 5%. Research has shown that this reduction mechanism significantly reduces the computational complexity while ensuring that the error of key parameters is less than 5 %. It is suitable for numerical simulation of complex combustion processes and provides efficient kinetic model support for engineering combustion optimization and pollutant control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30209263
title: Simulation and experimental research on acoustic energy propagation mechanism of microleakage in liquid small diameter Pipelines

description: Pipelines are susceptible to microleakage during operation due to aging and corrosion. Since identifying these leaks using conventional detection methods is difficult, they can gradually expand to cause severe environmental damage and public safety issues. Therefore, acoustic-based microleakage internal detection methods can effectively address this problem. A microleakage flow field and near-sound field models for small-diameter pipelines were constructed based on a hybrid approach of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational aeroacoustics (CAA). The flow field results were interpolated into the sound field grid to determine the change of near-sound field with the flow field. The results of the study show that the leakage acoustic pressure signal was positively correlated with a higher internal pressure in the pipe and the leakage aperture. The amplitude of microleakage acoustic wave was negatively associated with increasing propagation distance. As the frequency of the acoustic wave propagation rose, the acoustic waves in the pipeline displayed dispersion characteristics. A microleakage experimental system based on the acoustic internal detection method was also constructed, and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified through experiments. The research conclusion indicates that the characteristic frequency of microleakage sound wave signal is 1880 Hz. The (1.0) mode sound wave (<i>f</i><sub>10</sub> = 4360 Hz) or plane wave frequencies lower than the (1.0) mode are selected for leakage feature extraction. A theoretical and experimental basis was established for subsequent development of pipeline microleakage internal detector based on acoustic internal detection methods
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30209263.v1
title: Simulation and experimental research on acoustic energy propagation mechanism of microleakage in liquid small diameter Pipelines

description: Pipelines are susceptible to microleakage during operation due to aging and corrosion. Since identifying these leaks using conventional detection methods is difficult, they can gradually expand to cause severe environmental damage and public safety issues. Therefore, acoustic-based microleakage internal detection methods can effectively address this problem. A microleakage flow field and near-sound field models for small-diameter pipelines were constructed based on a hybrid approach of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational aeroacoustics (CAA). The flow field results were interpolated into the sound field grid to determine the change of near-sound field with the flow field. The results of the study show that the leakage acoustic pressure signal was positively correlated with a higher internal pressure in the pipe and the leakage aperture. The amplitude of microleakage acoustic wave was negatively associated with increasing propagation distance. As the frequency of the acoustic wave propagation rose, the acoustic waves in the pipeline displayed dispersion characteristics. A microleakage experimental system based on the acoustic internal detection method was also constructed, and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified through experiments. The research conclusion indicates that the characteristic frequency of microleakage sound wave signal is 1880 Hz. The (1.0) mode sound wave (<i>f</i><sub>10</sub> = 4360 Hz) or plane wave frequencies lower than the (1.0) mode are selected for leakage feature extraction. A theoretical and experimental basis was established for subsequent development of pipeline microleakage internal detector based on acoustic internal detection methods
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20424241
title: Simulation study of district heating control based on load forecasting

description: At present, the development of district heating system (DHS) in China is mainly reflected in the scale and structure, there are still great disadvantages in system management and control. The problem of imbalance between the heat supply and the user’s demand is serious. In this paper, a DHS in Kaifeng of China was taken as the research object, and the control model of secondary return temperature of a typical thermal power station which based on the step response is established. Based on the high-precision heating load prediction model of thermal power station, the primary side flow as the control variable, secondary return temperature as the controlled variable, and the generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm as the control method, the secondary return temperature of the target system is accurately controlled; at the same time, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to determine parameters adaptively for parameter tuning in GPC; and the control strategy is simulated. Compared with the traditional Proportion integral differential (PID) control algorithm, The root-mean-square error and mean absolute percentage error of the simulation results of the control strategy and the set value are reduced by 22.24% and 22.33%, respectively, has the advantages of smaller overshoot and faster response, which can achieve the effective control of secondary return temperature and on-demand heating better.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20424241.v1
title: Simulation study of district heating control based on load forecasting

description: At present, the development of district heating system (DHS) in China is mainly reflected in the scale and structure, there are still great disadvantages in system management and control. The problem of imbalance between the heat supply and the user’s demand is serious. In this paper, a DHS in Kaifeng of China was taken as the research object, and the control model of secondary return temperature of a typical thermal power station which based on the step response is established. Based on the high-precision heating load prediction model of thermal power station, the primary side flow as the control variable, secondary return temperature as the controlled variable, and the generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm as the control method, the secondary return temperature of the target system is accurately controlled; at the same time, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to determine parameters adaptively for parameter tuning in GPC; and the control strategy is simulated. Compared with the traditional Proportion integral differential (PID) control algorithm, The root-mean-square error and mean absolute percentage error of the simulation results of the control strategy and the set value are reduced by 22.24% and 22.33%, respectively, has the advantages of smaller overshoot and faster response, which can achieve the effective control of secondary return temperature and on-demand heating better.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19214420
title: Effect of lattice oxygen in nickel-based catalysts with different support on coke resistance of filamentous coke in CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of tar

description: For CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of tar, deactivation of catalysts caused by filamentous coke deposition limits its application in solid waste treatment. The filamentous coke removal can be aided by the lattice oxygen of active mental sites, however, there is no information on the influence of lattice oxygen in catalyst support on filamentous coke oxidation. To investigate the activity and resistance to coke deposition of different catalysts, based on a comparison of the performance of Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub>, Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni/MgO, and Ni/attapulgite catalysts, the influence of lattice oxygen on filamentary coke deposition is investigated in this study. In CO<sub>2</sub> catalytic reforming experiments, the Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalysts showed higher coke conversions (10%–23%) than the Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni/MgO, and Ni/attapulgite catalysts. In the meantime, the lattice oxygen coverage of the Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> superficies reaches 55.59%, giving Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> a better resistance to filamentary coking. The high lattice oxygen coverage also improves the oxidation of the coke superficies by lattice oxygen. However, there was still 31.66% filamentary coke aggregation on the Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst superficies. In conclusion, inhibiting the formation of filamentous coke and promoting the oxidation of filamentous coke are key to improving the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of anaerobic tar. The results of the research can be used as a reference for the improvement of catalysts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19214420.v1
title: Effect of lattice oxygen in nickel-based catalysts with different support on coke resistance of filamentous coke in CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of tar

description: For CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of tar, deactivation of catalysts caused by filamentous coke deposition limits its application in solid waste treatment. The filamentous coke removal can be aided by the lattice oxygen of active mental sites, however, there is no information on the influence of lattice oxygen in catalyst support on filamentous coke oxidation. To investigate the activity and resistance to coke deposition of different catalysts, based on a comparison of the performance of Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub>, Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni/MgO, and Ni/attapulgite catalysts, the influence of lattice oxygen on filamentary coke deposition is investigated in this study. In CO<sub>2</sub> catalytic reforming experiments, the Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalysts showed higher coke conversions (10%–23%) than the Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni/MgO, and Ni/attapulgite catalysts. In the meantime, the lattice oxygen coverage of the Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> superficies reaches 55.59%, giving Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> a better resistance to filamentary coking. The high lattice oxygen coverage also improves the oxidation of the coke superficies by lattice oxygen. However, there was still 31.66% filamentary coke aggregation on the Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst superficies. In conclusion, inhibiting the formation of filamentous coke and promoting the oxidation of filamentous coke are key to improving the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of anaerobic tar. The results of the research can be used as a reference for the improvement of catalysts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29900013
title: Effect of different functional groups of octane boosters on anti-knocking performance and fuel efficiency

description: A series of compounds possessing high octane numbers, including alcohols, ethers, benzenes, and cycloalkanes, are used as octane boosters for gasoline. In this paper, the research (RON) and motor (MON) octane number of gasoline fuel with octane boosters were measured using a standard cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and the combustion process of these blends were measured on an engine bench. The results highlighted the synergistic effect (measured value higher than calculated value) of ethanol in gasoline fuel, with an increase in RON of 3.7 for every 10 vol/% increase, and had low octane sensitivity to gasoline. Cyclopentane had a significant antagonistic effect (measured value lower than calculated value). 1,2-Xylene had the lowest octane sensitivity to gasoline fuel, with an octane sensitivity (OS) of 5.7 at 30 vol/%. The BSFC of ethanol was 2.06% higher than others, but the economic cost was 14.15% lower due to the price. There were limited effects of octane boosters on the combustion, all of which had appropriate content to improve the combustion process. In developing high anti-knocking fuels, a comprehensive decision can be made by considering the effects of octane boosters, combustion, toxicity, price, and cost.