cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568192
title: A diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina

description: ABSTRACTLate Jurassic dinosaur faunas from the Southern Hemisphere are still poorly known, and it thus remains unclear whether or not the famous Tendaguru fauna (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, Tanzania) represents a typical Gondwanan dinosaur assemblage of that time. In South America, only the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina, has yielded more than isolated Late Jurassic dinosaur remains so far. Here we report fragmentary remains of a dipolodocid sauropod from this unit, representing the first record of this family from the Late Jurassic of South America. Incorporating the basal macronarian <i>Tehuelchesaurus</i>, an unidentified brachiosaurid, the dicraeosaurid <i>Brachytrachelopan</i>, and the diplodocid described here, the taxonomic composition of the sauropod fauna from the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is remarkably similar to that of the Tendaguru Formation, but also to roughly contemporaneous faunas in North America and Europe. The diverse non-neosauropodan sauropod fauna known from the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) of the same depositional basin within Chubut Province is congruent with the dominance of non-neosauropodan sauropods in continental faunas globally to at least the Bathonian. These assemblages suggest a rapid faunal turnover within sauropod faunas in the late Middle Jurassic-earliest Late Jurassic at least in western Pangea, through which basal eusauropods were replaced by diplodocoid and macronarian neosauropods. Taking paleogeographical reconstructions into account, this faunal replacement might have taken place in a surprisingly short time interval of maximally five million years close to the end of the Middle Jurassic.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568193
title: A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from northwestern Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia)

description: ABSTRACTBrachiosaurid sauropods achieved a broad distribution during the Late Jurassic, which has been considered to provide evidence of their origins during the Middle Jurassic, prior to the breakup of Pangea. In contrast to their broad geographic distribution during the Late Jurassic, formally named brachiosaurid species from the Cretaceous have so far been restricted to the Aptian–Albian of North America, which has been interpreted as a signal of differential extinction and/or a bias in the Early Cretaceous fossil record. Here we describe a new brachiosaurid titanosauriform taxon from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia, which is represented by axial elements. The material was recovered from marine sediments of the Paja Formation (Barremian), close to the locality of Villa de Leiva. The weakly laterally expanded and divided transverse processes of the anterior-most caudal vertebrae allows the recognition of a new sauropod taxon, <i>Padillasaurus leivaensis</i>, gen. et sp. nov. In order to test the phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon, we performed a cladistic analysis that recovered <i>Padillasaurus</i> as a brachiosaurid titanosauriform. This position is supported by a combination of characters, including the presence of blind fossae in anterior caudal vertebrae. Among titanosauriforms, the presence of blind fossae in anterior caudal vertebrae is an apomorphic character that is exclusive to <i>Giraffatitan, Venenosaurus, Cedarosaurus</i>, and <i>Abydosaurus</i>. Although more complete remains are needed to test more thoroughly the affinities of the new taxon, the available evidence indicates that brachiosaurids survived at lower latitudes in Gondwana until at least the Early Cretaceous.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:652D6B2A-7A8A-4311-8725-279BF2C9E0E3SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568196.v1
title: Bayesian Ensemble Trees (BET) for Clustering and Prediction in Heterogeneous Data

description: We propose a novel “tree-averaging” model that uses the ensemble of classification and regression trees (CART). Each constituent tree is estimated with a subset of similar data. We treat this grouping of subsets as Bayesian ensemble trees (BET) and model them as a Dirichlet process. We show that BET determines the optimal number of trees by adapting to the data heterogeneity. Compared with the other ensemble methods, BET requires much fewer trees and shows equivalent prediction accuracy using weighted averaging. Moreover, each tree in BET provides variable selection criterion and interpretation for each subset. We developed an efficient estimating procedure with improved estimation strategies in both CART and mixture models. We demonstrate these advantages of BET with simulations and illustrate the approach with a real-world data example involving regression of lung function measurements obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12870617
title: Reconstructions - Large Ensemble Testbed - NN/XGB/RF

description: Reconstructions of the Large Ensemble Testbed generated by NN, XGB, and RF algorithms.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568194.v1
title: A second species of <i>Eucnemesaurus</i> Van Hoepen, 1920 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): new information on the diversity and evolution of the sauropodomorph fauna of South Africa's lower Elliot Formation (latest Triassic)

description: ABSTRACTThe Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa is one of the most important geological formations worldwide for understanding the early evolution of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. However, many of the taxa currently recognized as valid within its lower strata remain either poorly understood, vaguely diagnosed, or both. The recent discovery of an articulated partial skeleton of a single individual of the enigmatic lower Elliot genus <i>Eucnemesaurus</i> provides an important opportunity to expand our understanding of the anatomy and phylogeny of this poorly known taxon. A comprehensive investigation of the morphological relationships of this new specimen identified key features, pertaining primarily to the femoral shaft and distal tibia, which distinguish it from the only other previously named species of <i>Eucnemesaurus—E. fortis</i>. A new species, <i>E. entaxonis</i>, is erected within which to accommodate it. A cladistic analysis confirms the monophyly of <i>Eucnemesaurus</i>, as well as its continued inclusion within the low-diversity ‘Riojasauridae.’ Nonetheless, this result highlights continued uncertainties regarding the constituency of the <i>Riojasaurus</i> hypodigm. The relatively robust pedal architecture of <i>E. entaxonis</i> suggests an unexpectedly early experiment in a slower, subgraviportal form of locomotion within Late Triassic basal Massopoda, whereas the intriguing mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters evident in <i>E. entaxonis</i> raises questions regarding the hypothesized population dynamics of the basal-most sauropodomorph taxa of the lower Elliot Formation. This latter concern has particular bearing on newly observed inconsistencies in the prevailing hypodigms of other lower Elliot basal sauropodomorph taxa such as <i>Melanorosaurus</i>.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68A7F233-2424-469E-A008-442C4E04B02FSUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12870617.v1
title: Reconstructions - Large Ensemble Testbed - NN/XGB/RF

description: Reconstructions of the Large Ensemble Testbed generated by NN, XGB, and RF algorithms.<br>
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568194.v3
title: A second species of <i>Eucnemesaurus</i> Van Hoepen, 1920 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): new information on the diversity and evolution of the sauropodomorph fauna of South Africa's lower Elliot Formation (latest Triassic)

description: ABSTRACTThe Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa is one of the most important geological formations worldwide for understanding the early evolution of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. However, many of the taxa currently recognized as valid within its lower strata remain either poorly understood, vaguely diagnosed, or both. The recent discovery of an articulated partial skeleton of a single individual of the enigmatic lower Elliot genus <i>Eucnemesaurus</i> provides an important opportunity to expand our understanding of the anatomy and phylogeny of this poorly known taxon. A comprehensive investigation of the morphological relationships of this new specimen identified key features, pertaining primarily to the femoral shaft and distal tibia, which distinguish it from the only other previously named species of <i>Eucnemesaurus—E. fortis</i>. A new species, <i>E. entaxonis</i>, is erected within which to accommodate it. A cladistic analysis confirms the monophyly of <i>Eucnemesaurus</i>, as well as its continued inclusion within the low-diversity ‘Riojasauridae.’ Nonetheless, this result highlights continued uncertainties regarding the constituency of the <i>Riojasaurus</i> hypodigm. The relatively robust pedal architecture of <i>E. entaxonis</i> suggests an unexpectedly early experiment in a slower, subgraviportal form of locomotion within Late Triassic basal Massopoda, whereas the intriguing mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters evident in <i>E. entaxonis</i> raises questions regarding the hypothesized population dynamics of the basal-most sauropodomorph taxa of the lower Elliot Formation. This latter concern has particular bearing on newly observed inconsistencies in the prevailing hypodigms of other lower Elliot basal sauropodomorph taxa such as <i>Melanorosaurus</i>.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68A7F233-2424-469E-A008-442C4E04B02FSUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568192.v1
title: A diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina

description: ABSTRACTLate Jurassic dinosaur faunas from the Southern Hemisphere are still poorly known, and it thus remains unclear whether or not the famous Tendaguru fauna (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, Tanzania) represents a typical Gondwanan dinosaur assemblage of that time. In South America, only the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina, has yielded more than isolated Late Jurassic dinosaur remains so far. Here we report fragmentary remains of a dipolodocid sauropod from this unit, representing the first record of this family from the Late Jurassic of South America. Incorporating the basal macronarian <i>Tehuelchesaurus</i>, an unidentified brachiosaurid, the dicraeosaurid <i>Brachytrachelopan</i>, and the diplodocid described here, the taxonomic composition of the sauropod fauna from the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is remarkably similar to that of the Tendaguru Formation, but also to roughly contemporaneous faunas in North America and Europe. The diverse non-neosauropodan sauropod fauna known from the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) of the same depositional basin within Chubut Province is congruent with the dominance of non-neosauropodan sauropods in continental faunas globally to at least the Bathonian. These assemblages suggest a rapid faunal turnover within sauropod faunas in the late Middle Jurassic-earliest Late Jurassic at least in western Pangea, through which basal eusauropods were replaced by diplodocoid and macronarian neosauropods. Taking paleogeographical reconstructions into account, this faunal replacement might have taken place in a surprisingly short time interval of maximally five million years close to the end of the Middle Jurassic.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568194.v2
title: A second species of <i>Eucnemesaurus</i> Van Hoepen, 1920 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): new information on the diversity and evolution of the sauropodomorph fauna of South Africa's lower Elliot Formation (latest Triassic)

description: ABSTRACTThe Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa is one of the most important geological formations worldwide for understanding the early evolution of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. However, many of the taxa currently recognized as valid within its lower strata remain either poorly understood, vaguely diagnosed, or both. The recent discovery of an articulated partial skeleton of a single individual of the enigmatic lower Elliot genus <i>Eucnemesaurus</i> provides an important opportunity to expand our understanding of the anatomy and phylogeny of this poorly known taxon. A comprehensive investigation of the morphological relationships of this new specimen identified key features, pertaining primarily to the femoral shaft and distal tibia, which distinguish it from the only other previously named species of <i>Eucnemesaurus—E. fortis</i>. A new species, <i>E. entaxonis</i>, is erected within which to accommodate it. A cladistic analysis confirms the monophyly of <i>Eucnemesaurus</i>, as well as its continued inclusion within the low-diversity ‘Riojasauridae.’ Nonetheless, this result highlights continued uncertainties regarding the constituency of the <i>Riojasaurus</i> hypodigm. The relatively robust pedal architecture of <i>E. entaxonis</i> suggests an unexpectedly early experiment in a slower, subgraviportal form of locomotion within Late Triassic basal Massopoda, whereas the intriguing mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters evident in <i>E. entaxonis</i> raises questions regarding the hypothesized population dynamics of the basal-most sauropodomorph taxa of the lower Elliot Formation. This latter concern has particular bearing on newly observed inconsistencies in the prevailing hypodigms of other lower Elliot basal sauropodomorph taxa such as <i>Melanorosaurus</i>.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68A7F233-2424-469E-A008-442C4E04B02FSUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568192.v3
title: A diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina

description: ABSTRACTLate Jurassic dinosaur faunas from the Southern Hemisphere are still poorly known, and it thus remains unclear whether or not the famous Tendaguru fauna (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, Tanzania) represents a typical Gondwanan dinosaur assemblage of that time. In South America, only the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina, has yielded more than isolated Late Jurassic dinosaur remains so far. Here we report fragmentary remains of a dipolodocid sauropod from this unit, representing the first record of this family from the Late Jurassic of South America. Incorporating the basal macronarian <i>Tehuelchesaurus</i>, an unidentified brachiosaurid, the dicraeosaurid <i>Brachytrachelopan</i>, and the diplodocid described here, the taxonomic composition of the sauropod fauna from the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is remarkably similar to that of the Tendaguru Formation, but also to roughly contemporaneous faunas in North America and Europe. The diverse non-neosauropodan sauropod fauna known from the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) of the same depositional basin within Chubut Province is congruent with the dominance of non-neosauropodan sauropods in continental faunas globally to at least the Bathonian. These assemblages suggest a rapid faunal turnover within sauropod faunas in the late Middle Jurassic-earliest Late Jurassic at least in western Pangea, through which basal eusauropods were replaced by diplodocoid and macronarian neosauropods. Taking paleogeographical reconstructions into account, this faunal replacement might have taken place in a surprisingly short time interval of maximally five million years close to the end of the Middle Jurassic.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568190
title: A new fossil actinistian from the Early Jurassic of Chile and its bearing on the phylogeny of Actinistia

description: ABSTRACTWe present the description and taxonomic reassignment of a new genus and species, <i>Atacamaia solitaria</i>, gen. et sp. nov., from Lower Jurassic strata of northern Chile, South America. The fish was previously reported as a new genus of Mawsoniidae, based on one unprepared specimen. The fish is characterized by a combination of numerous intriguing characters, such as the presence of a broad parietal bone partially covered laterally by a series of a few large supraorbital bones, a series of sclerotic bones, a lachrymojugal expanded anteriorly and markedly angled, and a metapterygoid with a well-developed ventral process that is ventral to the dorsal margin of the pterygoid plate. Addition of <i>Atacamaia</i> to previously published matrices produces unexpected collapses of certain nodes in the currently accepted phylogenetic hypothesis of Actinistia, creating many polytomies in the consensus tree. Our cladistic analysis suggests that <i>Atacamaia</i>, gen. et sp. nov., <i>Axelia</i>, and <i>Wimania</i> are closely related and together with <i>Piveteauia, Guizhoucoelacanthus</i>, and <i>Whiteia</i> are members of the order Coelacanthiformes. Based on previous analyses and our results, we recognize this grouping as the family Whiteiidae. Members of Whiteiidae are Triassic forms, except <i>Atacamaia solitaria</i>, gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Jurassic. The new fossil actinistian represents the youngest member of the family and the first discovered on the Paleopacific side of Gondwana; all other members are from China, Madagascar, and Spitsbergen. After comparison of previous hypotheses, we review the higher level taxonomy of Actinistia concerning the monophyly of Coelacanthiformes, Latimeroidei, Mawsoniidae, and Latimeriidae and propose a family diagnosis for Whiteiidae.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1CE8B66D-30D2-44EB-87EF-882628478C3BSUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568189
title: An occurrence of fossil eggs from the Mesozoic of Madagascar and a detailed observation of eggshell microstructure

description: ABSTRACTWhereas fossil turtle eggs have a near global distribution and range from Middle Jurassic to Pleistocene, they are rarely documented from the Mesozoic of Gondwana. Here, we report three fossil turtle eggs from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of the Morondava Basin, Madagascar. The spherical eggs range in size from 33.5 to 35.5 mm and have an average eggshell thickness of 440 µm. They can be confidently identified as rigid-shelled turtle eggs by the presence of tightly packed shell units composed of radiating acicular crystals and a shell unit height to width ratio of 2:1. Lack of associated skeletal remains precludes taxonomic identification of the eggs. Although a large vertebrate fauna has been reported from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar, these specimens are the first eggs from the Mesozoic of the island.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568193.v1
title: A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from northwestern Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia)

description: ABSTRACTBrachiosaurid sauropods achieved a broad distribution during the Late Jurassic, which has been considered to provide evidence of their origins during the Middle Jurassic, prior to the breakup of Pangea. In contrast to their broad geographic distribution during the Late Jurassic, formally named brachiosaurid species from the Cretaceous have so far been restricted to the Aptian–Albian of North America, which has been interpreted as a signal of differential extinction and/or a bias in the Early Cretaceous fossil record. Here we describe a new brachiosaurid titanosauriform taxon from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia, which is represented by axial elements. The material was recovered from marine sediments of the Paja Formation (Barremian), close to the locality of Villa de Leiva. The weakly laterally expanded and divided transverse processes of the anterior-most caudal vertebrae allows the recognition of a new sauropod taxon, <i>Padillasaurus leivaensis</i>, gen. et sp. nov. In order to test the phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon, we performed a cladistic analysis that recovered <i>Padillasaurus</i> as a brachiosaurid titanosauriform. This position is supported by a combination of characters, including the presence of blind fossae in anterior caudal vertebrae. Among titanosauriforms, the presence of blind fossae in anterior caudal vertebrae is an apomorphic character that is exclusive to <i>Giraffatitan, Venenosaurus, Cedarosaurus</i>, and <i>Abydosaurus</i>. Although more complete remains are needed to test more thoroughly the affinities of the new taxon, the available evidence indicates that brachiosaurids survived at lower latitudes in Gondwana until at least the Early Cretaceous.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:652D6B2A-7A8A-4311-8725-279BF2C9E0E3SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568192.v2
title: A diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina

description: ABSTRACTLate Jurassic dinosaur faunas from the Southern Hemisphere are still poorly known, and it thus remains unclear whether or not the famous Tendaguru fauna (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, Tanzania) represents a typical Gondwanan dinosaur assemblage of that time. In South America, only the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina, has yielded more than isolated Late Jurassic dinosaur remains so far. Here we report fragmentary remains of a dipolodocid sauropod from this unit, representing the first record of this family from the Late Jurassic of South America. Incorporating the basal macronarian <i>Tehuelchesaurus</i>, an unidentified brachiosaurid, the dicraeosaurid <i>Brachytrachelopan</i>, and the diplodocid described here, the taxonomic composition of the sauropod fauna from the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is remarkably similar to that of the Tendaguru Formation, but also to roughly contemporaneous faunas in North America and Europe. The diverse non-neosauropodan sauropod fauna known from the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) of the same depositional basin within Chubut Province is congruent with the dominance of non-neosauropodan sauropods in continental faunas globally to at least the Bathonian. These assemblages suggest a rapid faunal turnover within sauropod faunas in the late Middle Jurassic-earliest Late Jurassic at least in western Pangea, through which basal eusauropods were replaced by diplodocoid and macronarian neosauropods. Taking paleogeographical reconstructions into account, this faunal replacement might have taken place in a surprisingly short time interval of maximally five million years close to the end of the Middle Jurassic.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP