cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279650
title: INFLUENCE OF DRYING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD FROM TREES GROWN IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

description: ABSTRACT The cultivation of native and exotic species intercropped in an agroforestry system raises the interest for information on the properties of wood. Therefore, different methods are being tested to improve the technological properties of this material, including drying, which causes changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The present study investigated the influence of drying on the physical and mechanical properties of wood from tree species grown in an agroforestry system. Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake were the species selected for the study. Three 9-year-old individuals of each of the species were obtained from an agroforestry system. Thirty wood samples (2.5 × 2.5 × 41 cm) were extracted from each species. The wood samples were divided between temperature treatments; 6 samples were used for each heat treatment (control, 120, 150, 180, and 210 °C), which were then dried for two hours in an oven (with forced air circulation). Following the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of wood samples were evaluated to determine the modulus of elasticity and rupture, the tension in the proportional limit, and maximum force according to the ASTM D-143-94 (2000) standard. Finally, the physical properties of the retractability of the wood samples were evaluated according to the NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) standard. Specimens used to analyze this variable came from sections of the wood (sample dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 cm) not affected by the static bending test. Our findings indicate that, for all species investigated in this study, drying alters the physical and mechanical properties of the wood, with the most significant changes occurring at temperatures between 120 and 180 °C.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279650.v1
title: INFLUENCE OF DRYING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD FROM TREES GROWN IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

description: ABSTRACT The cultivation of native and exotic species intercropped in an agroforestry system raises the interest for information on the properties of wood. Therefore, different methods are being tested to improve the technological properties of this material, including drying, which causes changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The present study investigated the influence of drying on the physical and mechanical properties of wood from tree species grown in an agroforestry system. Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake were the species selected for the study. Three 9-year-old individuals of each of the species were obtained from an agroforestry system. Thirty wood samples (2.5 × 2.5 × 41 cm) were extracted from each species. The wood samples were divided between temperature treatments; 6 samples were used for each heat treatment (control, 120, 150, 180, and 210 °C), which were then dried for two hours in an oven (with forced air circulation). Following the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of wood samples were evaluated to determine the modulus of elasticity and rupture, the tension in the proportional limit, and maximum force according to the ASTM D-143-94 (2000) standard. Finally, the physical properties of the retractability of the wood samples were evaluated according to the NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) standard. Specimens used to analyze this variable came from sections of the wood (sample dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 cm) not affected by the static bending test. Our findings indicate that, for all species investigated in this study, drying alters the physical and mechanical properties of the wood, with the most significant changes occurring at temperatures between 120 and 180 °C.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279651
title: CHANGES IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THREE-YEAR-OLD SHORT-ROTATION PLANTATIONS OF Dipteryx panamensis IN COSTA RICA

description: ABSTRACT Research and implementation of energy crops using short-rotation woody species (SRWC) are increasing in Latin America, especially for biomass production and use in bioenergy. For this purpose, one of the main factors to consider is species assessment. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, the production and distribution of biomass, and the chemical, physical, and energetic properties of the biomass of three-year-old Dipteryx panamensis plantations in SRWC in three different spacings (1.0x2.0 m, 1.0x0.5 m and 1.0x1.0 m) and establish the best spacing condition for this tropical species. The results showed that the production of biomass varies between 1.1 and 42.36 t.ha-1, and that 33-44% of the production are concentrated in the leaves. At three years, the SRWC presented 50% mortality, with a diameter of 4.8 cm at 30 cm-height from the ground, with total tree heights ranging from 5.17 to 6.98 meters. The evaluation of the biomass showed a calorific value between 18.9 and 19.4 MJ/kg, less than 1.81% of ash content and 86% of volatile content. As for the effect of the spacing, the green density of the wood and the moisture content increased with increasing spacing, while spacings of 1.0x1.0 m and 1.0x0.5 m showed the best behaviour regarding annual biomass production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279651.v1
title: CHANGES IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THREE-YEAR-OLD SHORT-ROTATION PLANTATIONS OF Dipteryx panamensis IN COSTA RICA

description: ABSTRACT Research and implementation of energy crops using short-rotation woody species (SRWC) are increasing in Latin America, especially for biomass production and use in bioenergy. For this purpose, one of the main factors to consider is species assessment. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, the production and distribution of biomass, and the chemical, physical, and energetic properties of the biomass of three-year-old Dipteryx panamensis plantations in SRWC in three different spacings (1.0x2.0 m, 1.0x0.5 m and 1.0x1.0 m) and establish the best spacing condition for this tropical species. The results showed that the production of biomass varies between 1.1 and 42.36 t.ha-1, and that 33-44% of the production are concentrated in the leaves. At three years, the SRWC presented 50% mortality, with a diameter of 4.8 cm at 30 cm-height from the ground, with total tree heights ranging from 5.17 to 6.98 meters. The evaluation of the biomass showed a calorific value between 18.9 and 19.4 MJ/kg, less than 1.81% of ash content and 86% of volatile content. As for the effect of the spacing, the green density of the wood and the moisture content increased with increasing spacing, while spacings of 1.0x1.0 m and 1.0x0.5 m showed the best behaviour regarding annual biomass production.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279653
title: WATER EROSION IN EUCALYPTUS FOREST IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF OTACÍLIO COSTA (SC)

description: ABSTRACT Water erosion is the main factor of degradation and reduction of the productive capacity of the soil, requiring management operations that minimize water and soil losses and at the same time maximize crop productivity. The research aimed to quantify losses by water erosion and, in the runoff water, determine the levels and total losses of P and K during the development of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus benthamii). Eucalyptus was planted in three types of soil preparation: minimum preparation in the direction of the slope, minimum preparation in the contour of the slope, and semi-mechanized preparation, in an experiment in southern Brazil on a Haplic Dystrudept soil. We observed that the mechanical preparation of the soil carried out in the direction of the slope is less effective in controlling soil losses than the mechanical carried out perpendicularly to the slope and also less effective than the manual in pits, in which the soil losses are equivalent to 10% of those that occur in the direction of the slope. As for the control of water losses, manual preparation in pits is more effective than the two mechanized preparations. The greatest losses of soil occur in the fall, with losses 27 times greater in relation to the other seasons of the year, and the greatest losses of water occurred in the mechanized preparation perpendicular to the slope and in the manual preparation. Water losses vary less than soil losses, regardless of the type of soil preparation and the season. The losses of phosphorus and potassium by the Runoff water vary with the contents in the soil, with the type of soil preparation and with the moment of evaluation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279653.v1
title: WATER EROSION IN EUCALYPTUS FOREST IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF OTACÍLIO COSTA (SC)

description: ABSTRACT Water erosion is the main factor of degradation and reduction of the productive capacity of the soil, requiring management operations that minimize water and soil losses and at the same time maximize crop productivity. The research aimed to quantify losses by water erosion and, in the runoff water, determine the levels and total losses of P and K during the development of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus benthamii). Eucalyptus was planted in three types of soil preparation: minimum preparation in the direction of the slope, minimum preparation in the contour of the slope, and semi-mechanized preparation, in an experiment in southern Brazil on a Haplic Dystrudept soil. We observed that the mechanical preparation of the soil carried out in the direction of the slope is less effective in controlling soil losses than the mechanical carried out perpendicularly to the slope and also less effective than the manual in pits, in which the soil losses are equivalent to 10% of those that occur in the direction of the slope. As for the control of water losses, manual preparation in pits is more effective than the two mechanized preparations. The greatest losses of soil occur in the fall, with losses 27 times greater in relation to the other seasons of the year, and the greatest losses of water occurred in the mechanized preparation perpendicular to the slope and in the manual preparation. Water losses vary less than soil losses, regardless of the type of soil preparation and the season. The losses of phosphorus and potassium by the Runoff water vary with the contents in the soil, with the type of soil preparation and with the moment of evaluation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279654
title: MACRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN CARINIANA ESTRELLENSIS (Raddi) KUNTZE: FROM CHANGES IN CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE TO VISUAL SYMPTOMS

description: ABSTRACT The nutritional requirements of native forest species can influence productivity. Thus, the understanding of these requirements enables us to optimize the use of inputs and reduce the environmental impacts inforest restoration projects. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in cellular ultrastructure and the anatomy of leaf laminae as well as observe visual signs of nutrient deficiency in young Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze plants, a forest species widely used in ecological restoration projects. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in random blocks with three replications of seven treatments using nutrient subtraction (I.e., control [plants grown with all nutrients], -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, and -S). The plants were harvested 135 days after the beginning of the treatments when the deficiency of the macronutrients resulted in visible abnormalities. Changes in the cell ultrastructure and structure of the chloroplasts, cytoplasm, and stromal lamellae were observed, as well as starch and lipid concentrations in the cytoplasm, intercellular spaces, and parenchymal cells. Changes in the cell ultrastructures, leaf laminae, and visual signs of nutrient deficiency hindered the development of young C. estrellensis plants; therefore, forest restoration projects that use this species in soils that require nutritional supplementation may have limited success in the absence of nutritional support.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279655.v1
title: GRAIN STORAGE SYSTEM IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify whether there is an association between types of storage and categories of commercialization and use of grains, group the types of storage with the categories of commercialization, and group static and dynamic capacities of the units in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The data were obtained from the Brazilian Registry System of Storage Units for the 2014/2015 season. The association between variables under study was carried out with the chi-square test of independence and correspondence analysis. The cluster analysis consisted of the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and considered a measure of mixed dissimilarity obtained for sets composed of qualitative and quantitative variables. A significant association was observed between the type of silo battery with the grain usage characteristic and cooperatives that commercialize the grain for use in the domestic market (CICOOPT); between the bulk warehouse and cooperatives that commercialize the grain in the foreign market (CIECOOPT); and between the silo and grain sellers who commercialize the grain in the domestic market (CI). Most types of storage units were grouped in Group 1, with a predominance of the CI characteristic and small to medium size static and dynamic capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279646.v1
title: STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF WOOD PROPERTIES ON THE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION: APPLYING THE RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM

description: ABSTRACT The understanding of the relationship between the properties of wood and charcoal makes it possible to improve the production of charcoal. Therefore, the random forest algorithm was used in this study to analyze the influence of eucalyptus wood properties on the quality of charcoal as well as the accuracy of the predicted values concerning the results estimated by support vector regression and multiple linear regression. Six properties of wood and six properties of charcoal obtained from the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla and from twelve clones of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia critriodora at the age of seven were measured. In the analysis, the measure of mean decrease in node impurity (residual sum of squares) calculated with the random forest and the copula correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between properties of wood and charcoal. The random forest was compared to the support vector regression and multiple linear regression through the coefficient of determination, linear correlation between observed and predicted values, mean absolute error and root mean squared error. The accuracy of the random forest was greater than that obtained with the support vector regression and multiple linear regression, mainly in terms of the coefficient of determination and the linear correlation between observed and predicted values. The yield and quality of the charcoal produced from clones were mainly influenced by the holocellulose content, heartwood/sapwood ratio, and basic wood density. The apparent relative density of charcoal was the variable in which the random forest algorithm reached the best level of explanation of the variability as a function of the properties of wood, while the minor error was observed for the fixed carbon content.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279654.v1
title: MACRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN CARINIANA ESTRELLENSIS (Raddi) KUNTZE: FROM CHANGES IN CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE TO VISUAL SYMPTOMS

description: ABSTRACT The nutritional requirements of native forest species can influence productivity. Thus, the understanding of these requirements enables us to optimize the use of inputs and reduce the environmental impacts inforest restoration projects. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in cellular ultrastructure and the anatomy of leaf laminae as well as observe visual signs of nutrient deficiency in young Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze plants, a forest species widely used in ecological restoration projects. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in random blocks with three replications of seven treatments using nutrient subtraction (I.e., control [plants grown with all nutrients], -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, and -S). The plants were harvested 135 days after the beginning of the treatments when the deficiency of the macronutrients resulted in visible abnormalities. Changes in the cell ultrastructure and structure of the chloroplasts, cytoplasm, and stromal lamellae were observed, as well as starch and lipid concentrations in the cytoplasm, intercellular spaces, and parenchymal cells. Changes in the cell ultrastructures, leaf laminae, and visual signs of nutrient deficiency hindered the development of young C. estrellensis plants; therefore, forest restoration projects that use this species in soils that require nutritional supplementation may have limited success in the absence of nutritional support.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279656
title: USING SOUNDS PRODUCED BY PIGS TO IDENTIFY THERMONEUTRALITY ZONES FOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT RATIOS

description: ABSTRACT Although dry bulb temperature (T) is the environmental variable most commonly used to classify thermal comfort in pigs, environmental assessment ratios provide more accurate information. The objective of this study was to correlate the sound pressure levels (SPL) produced by piglet vocalization with the thermal environment observed during the nursery phase, and subsequently establish thermoneutrality ranges. The experiment was conducted on a pig farm where T, relative humidity (RH), and SPL data were recorded between 9 am-5 pm for 42 days. The association between SPL and T in nursery phase piglets was verified; for thermal comfort to be possible, SPLs were 56.3 to 60.3 dB. The SPLs were subsequently used in predictor equations of ratios, and thermal comfort ranges were 74.4-78.3 for temperature and humidity ratio (THI), and 71.6-75.8 for globe temperature and humidity ratio (BGHI). Although the SPL proved to be a convenient indicator of thermal comfort for the evaluation of pigs, further studies developed in different phases of the production system are required.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279656.v1
title: USING SOUNDS PRODUCED BY PIGS TO IDENTIFY THERMONEUTRALITY ZONES FOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT RATIOS

description: ABSTRACT Although dry bulb temperature (T) is the environmental variable most commonly used to classify thermal comfort in pigs, environmental assessment ratios provide more accurate information. The objective of this study was to correlate the sound pressure levels (SPL) produced by piglet vocalization with the thermal environment observed during the nursery phase, and subsequently establish thermoneutrality ranges. The experiment was conducted on a pig farm where T, relative humidity (RH), and SPL data were recorded between 9 am-5 pm for 42 days. The association between SPL and T in nursery phase piglets was verified; for thermal comfort to be possible, SPLs were 56.3 to 60.3 dB. The SPLs were subsequently used in predictor equations of ratios, and thermal comfort ranges were 74.4-78.3 for temperature and humidity ratio (THI), and 71.6-75.8 for globe temperature and humidity ratio (BGHI). Although the SPL proved to be a convenient indicator of thermal comfort for the evaluation of pigs, further studies developed in different phases of the production system are required.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279655
title: GRAIN STORAGE SYSTEM IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify whether there is an association between types of storage and categories of commercialization and use of grains, group the types of storage with the categories of commercialization, and group static and dynamic capacities of the units in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The data were obtained from the Brazilian Registry System of Storage Units for the 2014/2015 season. The association between variables under study was carried out with the chi-square test of independence and correspondence analysis. The cluster analysis consisted of the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and considered a measure of mixed dissimilarity obtained for sets composed of qualitative and quantitative variables. A significant association was observed between the type of silo battery with the grain usage characteristic and cooperatives that commercialize the grain for use in the domestic market (CICOOPT); between the bulk warehouse and cooperatives that commercialize the grain in the foreign market (CIECOOPT); and between the silo and grain sellers who commercialize the grain in the domestic market (CI). Most types of storage units were grouped in Group 1, with a predominance of the CI characteristic and small to medium size static and dynamic capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279657.v1
title: BEHAVIOR OF BROILERS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LED LIGHTING AND MICROMETEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the differences between the food behaviors observed under the factors of production environment, sex and lighting system, using stochastic tools of multivariate analysis. As for the thermal characteristics of the environment, air temperature (T, °C), enthalpy (H, kJ kg-1), and black globe temperature and humidity index (BGTHI) showed high positive correlation with each other and strong negative correlation with relative humidity (RH, %). The “male drinking” behavior was positively associated with thermal characteristics of the environment in the three periods of the day, that is, the act of drinking more water would be a way to alleviate thermal stress. Birds subjected to red LED showed a strong negative correlation with temperature associated with the “female drinking” behavior, in the afternoon period, according to the principal component analysis, which is justified by the orientation of the broiler house with its longitudinal axis in the NE/SW direction, so the sunlight directly hits the area where the drinker was located. Variation in body weight showed better response when the birds were exposed to a temperature of 27 °C, for the 5th week of the rearing cycle.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279659
title: PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD FROM Eucalyptus grandis PRODUCED BY UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESIN WITH SiO2 NANOPARTICLES

description: ABSTRACT The use of nanoparticles appears to be a feasible option for improving the quality of a range of wood-based products. Studies show that they can improve both the physical and mechanical properties of wood and wood-based products. This preliminary study aimed to analyze the influence of SiO2 nanoparticles on the physical and mechanical properties of wood particleboard. To this end that, panels were produced without the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles and with the addition of 4% by mass of the urea formaldehyde adhesive used for its production. The results showed that panels produced with the nanoparticles 42% reduction in thickness swelling of the panel. Therefore, the dimensional stability of the panels without decreasing mechanical properties, even when used in small proportions.