cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.gueudj
title: The state of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

description: The Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is a simplified representation of the complex three-dimensional ocean currents, which transport volume, heat, freshwater, carbon, and nutrients around the ocean. The uniqueness of the Atlantic MOC is that its associated Meridional Heat Transport (MHT) is northward in both hemispheres. The Atlantic MOC has been monitored at several trans-basin and western boundary moored arrays (e.g., Frajka-Williams et al., 2019; Berx et al., 2021; Hummels et al., 2022), as well as by synthesizing in situ and satellite altimetry measurements at several latitudes (Hobbs and Willis, 2012; Sanchez-Franks et al., 2021; Dong et al., 2021; Kersalé et al., 2021) (Figure 1). In this report, we are providing updates on the MOC and MHT estimates from the RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heat-flux Array - Western Boundary Time Series (RAPID) moored array at 26.5°N and at 41°N and at several latitudes in the South Atlantic based on the synthetic approach. In addition, we are reporting on recent advances in monitoring and understanding the variability of flows comprising the lower limb of the Atlantic MOC. The updates for the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) and the South Atlantic MOC Basin-wide Array at 34.5°S (SAMBA) are pending; the most up to date time series for these arrays were published in the State of the Climate in 2021 report (Volkov et al., 2022).
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ancsgr
title: Measurements of Europa’s Ionosphere from Juno’s close flyby

description: On 29 September 2022 the Juno spacecraft flew within 354 km of Europa’s surface while several instruments gathered measurements about the moon’s surroundings. During the close flyby, a radio occultation experiment was performed by collecting single-frequency Doppler measurements on ingress and egress. These investigations are essential to the study of Europa’s ionosphere and represent the first repeated measurements of charged particle densities around the moon since the Galileo era. Ingress measurements resulted in a marginal detection with a peak ionospheric density of 4,000 ± 3,700 cm−3 (3σ) at 22 km altitude. A more significant detection emerged on egress, with a peak density of 6,000 ± 3,000 cm−3 (3σ) at 320 km altitude. Comparison with Galileo measurements reveals a consistent picture of Europa’s ionosphere, and confirms its dependence on illumination conditions and position within Jupiter’s magnetosphere, although the over all lower densities measured by Juno suggest a dependence on time of observation.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.4plaz3
title: Message in a Bottle – An Update to the Golden Record

description: Communication is an essential asset enabling humankind to forge an advanced civilization. Using approximately 31,000 languages from the Stone Age to our present digital information society, humans have connected and collaborated to accomplish remarkable feats. As the newly dawned Space Age progresses, we are attempting to communicate with intelligent species beyond our world, on distant planets and in Earth’s far future. Absent mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic conventions, this study, the “Message in a Bottle”, uses scientific methods to assess and design a means of communication encapsulating the story of humanity, conveying our thoughts, emotions, ingenuity, and aspirations. The message will be structured to provide a universal yet contextual understanding of modern human society, evolution of life on Earth, and challenges for the future. In assembling this space and time capsule, we aim to energize and unite current generations to celebrate and preserve humanity.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.hhqolj
title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of Ryugu formed in the interstellar medium

description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain ≲20% of the carbon in the interstellar medium. They are potentially produced in circumstellar environments (at temperatures ≳1000 K), or by reactions within cold (~10 K) interstellar clouds, or by processing of carbon-rich dust grains. We report isotopic properties of PAHs extracted from samples of the asteroid Ryugu and meteorite Murchison. The doubly-13C substituted compositions (2×13C values) of the PAHs naphthalene, fluoranthene and pyrene are 9 to 51‰ higher than values expected for a stochastic distribution of isotopes. The 2×13C values are higher than expected if the PAHs formed in a circumstellar environment, but consistent with formation in the interstellar medium. In contrast, the PAHs phenanthrene and anthracene in Ryugu samples have 2×13C values consistent with formation by higher-temperature reactions.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.jwupee
title: The ALMA-QUARKS survey: – I. Survey description and data reduction

description: Abstract This paper presents an overview of the QUARKS survey, which stands for ‘Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures’. The QUARKS survey is observing 139 massive clumps covered by 156 pointings at ALMA Band 6 (λ ∼ 1.3 mm). In conjunction with data obtained from the ALMA-ATOMS survey at Band 3 (λ ∼ 3 mm), QUARKS aims to carry out an unbiased statistical investigation of massive star formation process within protoclusters down to a scale of 1000 au. This overview paper describes the observations and data reduction of the QUARKS survey, and gives a first look at an exemplar source, the mini-starburst Sgr B2(M). The wide-bandwidth (7.5 GHz) and high-angular-resolution (∼ 0.3′′) observations of the QUARKS survey allow to resolve much more compact cores than could be done by the ATOMS survey, and to detect previously unrevealed fainter filamentary structures. The spectral windows cover transitions of species including CO, SO, N2D+, SiO, H30α, H2CO, CH3CN and many other complex organic molecules, tracing gas components with different temperatures and spatial extents. QUARKS aims to deepen our understanding of several scientific topics of massive star formation, such as the mass transport within protoclusters by (hub-)filamentary structures, the existence of massive starless cores, the physical and chemical properties of dense cores within protoclusters, and the feedback from already formed high-mass young protostars.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lpehli
title: A Miniatuarized Piezoelectric Mössbauer Spectrometer with Feedback Control

description: A Mössbauer spectrometer was built and evaluated using an amplified piezoelectric actuator under feedback control for the Doppler velocity drive. The actuator was driven with a quadratic displacement waveform, giving a linear velocity profile. The optimization of the piezoelectric Doppler drive under feedback control was performed with measurements from a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Mössbauer spectra of metallic iron in transmission geometry show minimal peak distortions. The performance of this piezoelectric Doppler drive is nearly comparable to a conventional electromagnetic Doppler drive, making Mössbauer spectrometry possible in applications requiring small size, mass, and low cost.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.adghfh
title: Searching for Planets Orbiting Fomalhaut with JWST

description: We report observations obtained with the JWST/NIRCam coronagraph of the Fomalhaut (α PsA) system. This nearby, young A star hosts a complex debris disk system first discovered by the IRAS satellite (Aumann 1985; Gillett 1986) and an object previously thought to be a planetary mass companion, Fomalhaut b, which recent observations have shown to be the remnants of a planetesimal collisional event. Observations in F444W and F356W filters using the round 430R mask achieve a contrast ratio of ∼ 4 × 10−7 at 1′′ and ∼ 4 × 10−8 outside of 3′′. These observations reach a sensitivity limit &lt;1 MJup across most of the disk region, limited beyond ∼1′′−2′′ by detector noise and integration time, not residual starlight. Numerous sources seen in earlier coronagraphic imaging with the Keck telescope or the Hubble Space Tele- scope (HST) are recovered with NIRCam and shown to be background objects. Consistent with the hypothesis that Fomalhaut b is not a massive planet, we do not detect it in either F356W or F444W where a Jovian-sized planet should be bright. We have reliably detected five sources and two fainter ones in and around Fomalhaut and its debris disk, all but one of which are coincident with Keck or HST sources. One object, S1, is coincident within the astrometric uncertainties with the so-called Great Dust Cloud (GDC) seen in MIRI imaging (Gaspar et al. 2023). But this object is spatially coincident with a Keck and Alma source making it a background object whose 3.56-25.5 μm spectral energy distribution resembles that of an infrared luminous galaxy like Arp 220 or M82 at a redshift of z ∼1. One of the faintest objects, S7, is located at the edge of the inner dust disk seen in the MIRI images, has no obvious counterpart in imaging at earlier epochs and has a relatively red [F356W]- [F444W]&gt;0.7 mag (Vega) color. Whether this object is a background galaxy or brown dwarf, or a Jovian mass planet in the Fomalhaut system will be determined by an approved Cycle 2 follow-up program. Finally, we set upper limits to any scattered light from the outer ring, placing a weak limit on the dust albedo at F356W and F444W.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.dz0ifg
title: Evaluate Tree Growth Rate in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve Using GEDI and Airborne LiDAR Data

description: Loss of forest cover and derived effects on forest’s ecosystems services has led to the establish-ment of land management policies and forest monitoring systems, and consequently to the de-mand for accurate and multitemporal data on forest extent and structure. In recent years, space-borne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) missions, such as the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) instrument, have facilitated the repeated acquisition of data on vegetation’s vertical structure. In this study, we designed an approach incorporating GEDI and airborne Li-DAR data, in addition to detailed forestry inventory data, for estimating tree growth dynamics for the Laurentides wildlife reserve in Canada. We estimated an average tree growth rate for the study site of 0.320.003 (SE) m/yr, and evaluated our results against field data and time series of NDVI from Landsat images. Moreover, we discussed the benefits, drawbacks and possible sources of error of our methods. Our study demonstrates the benefits of using spaceborne LiDAR data for extending the temporal coverage of forestry inventories and highlights the ability of GEDI data for detecting changes in forest’s vertical structure.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24938640
title: LPD_SLP data

description: LPD SLP data
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24775476.v1
title: Floating Peat Supplementary Data

description: Supplementary data for Deverel et al., "Investigation of floating peat wetlands, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA".
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.o5gdg6
title: Tidal dissipation of binaries in asteroid pairs

description: Tidal dissipation in a celestial body can be used to probe their internal structure. Tides govern the orbital evolution of binary systems and therefore constraints on the interior of binary system members can be derived by knowing the age and tidal state of the binary system. For asteroids, age estimates are challenging due to a lack of direct observation of their surface. However, the age of asteroid pairs formed by rotational fission of a parent body can be derived from dynamical modeling, and as such can be used to constrain the age of binary systems existing within asteroid pairs.We study 13 binary asteroid systems existing in asteroid pairs by modelingtheir tidal locking and eccentricity damping timescales from tidal dissipation in the primaries and secondaries. We consider the impact of thermal torques on these timescales from the YORP and BYORP effects. The resulting constraints on the tidal dissipation ratio Q/k are compared to monolithic and rubble pile asteroid theories, showing that all secondaries are consistent with rubble piles with regolith layers greater than 3m and suggest that Q/k for rubble piles increases with radius. A particular case is the first bound secondary of asteroid (3749) Balam, whose Q/k is constrained to be between 2.7 10^4 and 1.4 10^6, consistent with a rubble-pile with a regolith thickness between 30m and 100m.
DOI: 10.5066/p9t077xk
title: Modeling data for burn severity of the East Troublesome and Grizzly Creek for integration with post-fire debris flow in the upper Colorado River basin, USA

description: These data were compiled for/to provide an example and assess methods and results of pre-fire estimation of predicted differenced normalized burn ration (dNBR) for predicting post-fire debris flow hazard classification. Objective(s) of our study were to develop predictive models for burn severity, using variables of pre-fire conditions, for two large wildfires from 2020 in Colorado, USA. These data represent pre-fire predictions of post-fire differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) as a proxy of burn severity and further understand pre-fire modeling of burn severity. These data were collected/created in the fire perimeters the East Troublesome Fire (10/14/2020 – 11/30/2020) and the Grizzly Creek Fire (8/10/2020 – 12/18/2020), Colorado, USA. These data were collected/created by use of random forest modeling of variables representing pre-fire conditions (satellite spectral data, landscape biophysical data, GIS topographic data, and meteorological/climate data) against observed estimates of post-fire difference in normalized burn ratio (dNBR). These data can be used to provide estimates of burn severity for post-fire hazard analysis.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.bzkuv9
title: Towards a U.S. Framework for Continuity of Satellite Observations of Earth’s Climate and for Supporting Societal Resilience

description: There is growing urgency for improved public and commercial services to support a resilient, secure, and thriving United States in the face of mounting decision-support needs for environmental stewardship and hazard response, as well as for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Space-based Earth observations are critical infrastructure to support the delivery of science and decision-support information with local, national, and global utility. The growing demands for information are occurring in concert with lower barriers for developing and sustaining such services via more feasible access to space and recent improvements in technology and infrastructure that can support the sustained production and dissemination of the needed environmental, climate and related security information. Currently in the U.S., NASA and NOAA focus their Earth observation efforts, for the most part, on Earth Science research objectives, and weather-related observations, respectively, while USGS focuses on sustained land imaging. However, for sustained satellite observations outside these areas, the US currently does not have an overarching, systematic plan or framework to identify, prioritize, fund, and implement sustained Earth observations that are vital to meeting our nation’s full range of science, policy, and societal support. To aid and accelerate the discussion on our nation’s needs, challenges and opportunities associated with sustained critical space-based Earth observations, the Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) sponsored a multi-week think-tank study to offer ways forward on this topic of “continuity” for satellite observations. The KISS study team was composed of 32 scientists, technologists and engineers representing multiple Earth mission-focused agencies, institutes, and university departments. Based on this study, the KISS study team suggests the establishment of a nimble and responsive coordination framework to help guide and shepherd U.S. concerns regarding sustained Earth observations. This coordination framework should account for: 1) approaches to identify and prioritize satellite observations needed to meet U.S. needs for science and services, 2) the rapidly evolving landscape of space-based Earth viewing architecture options and technology improvements with increasing opportunities and lower cost access to space and 3) the technical and programmatic underpinnings required for proper and comprehensive data stewardship with a broad science and services user base in mind.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.uvncmj
title: The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): Probing the physics of the X-ray corona in active galactic nuclei

description: The hard, non-thermal X-ray emission in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) is traditionally thought to be produced by a hot cloud of electrons referred to as the corona, which resides in close vicinity to the central black hole. This emission is commonly described by a power law with a high-energy cutoff in the range of a few tens to several hundreds of keV and is suggestive of Comptonization by thermal electrons. While several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin, geometry, composition, and physics of the corona, we still lack a clear understanding of this fundamental component of accreting compact objects. NuSTAR has been playing an important role improving our knowledge of X-ray coronæ thanks to its unprecedented sensitivity above 10 keV. However, the constraints provided by NuSTAR are limited to bright and nearby sources. The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with a sensitivity superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR) to address key astrophysical problems. In this paper, we present a set of simulations to highlight the major role that HEX-P will play in further advancing our insights of X-ray coronæ, notably in AGN. We demonstrate how HEX-P will be able to measure key coronal properties in unobscured AGN and track the temporal evolution of these coronæ, which will allow us to determine their electron distribution and test the dominant mechanisms in these systems. Furthermore, we show how HEX-P will be able to accurately estimate the coronal properties of obscured AGN in the local Universe, which will help address fundamental questions about AGN unification. In addition, HEX-P will characterize coronæ in a large sample of luminous quasars at cosmological redshifts for the first time, as well as track the formation and evolution of X-ray coronæ in transient systems in real time. We also demonstrate how HEX-P will be able to locate the X-ray corona and estimate its geometry using spectral-timing techniques. We conclude by discussing HEX-P synergies with other observatories. HEX-P will thus be essential to understand the evolution and growth of black holes over a broad range of mass, distance, and luminosity, and will help uncover the role black holes play in shaping the Universe.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.lcr39x
title: High-Efficiency Ka-Band Frequency Multiplier Based on the Non-Linear Kinetic Inductance in a Superconducting Microstrip

description: LO sources have become a major technological deficit approaching the THz frequencies. Forapplications where a narrow linewidth is necessary, such as coherent remote sensing, the best solutionto signal generation is frequency multiplication, where phase locking can be easily achieved usingthe fundamental source. We present an alternative to existing frequency multiplier technologiesfor cryogenic applications. The device is a superconducting waveguide that has kinetic inductancedependent on the rf current through the device. The non-linear kinetic inductance is anomalousto a non-linear optical medium where the Kerr effect causes 3- or 4-Wave mixing, as demonstratedin microwave parametric amplifiers utilizing the same non-linear effect. In 4-Wave mixing, threephotons at the fundamental frequency mix to generate a single photon at the third harmonic.Dispersion engineering is used to achieve wide-band phase matching and phase out harmonics higherthan the third .The device length is designed to be the point where most photons are up-convertedto the third harmonic. Simulations of these devices lead to expected efficiencies as high as 90%. Wereport the first results from a NbTiN frequency multiplier from 34.2 GHz to 104 GHz with efficiencyapproaching 60%.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.ttfp7b
title: Gravity Investigation to Characterize Enceladus’ Ocean and Interior

description: A key objective for the future exploration of the icy moon Enceladus is the characterization of the habitable conditions in its internal ocean. Radio science instrumentation onboard a spacecraft in a low-altitude orbit about Enceladus would enable gravity measurements that are fundamental to providing constraints on its internal structure. We present here the concept of operations and expected results of the gravity investigation for a New-Frontier class mission. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the gravity field in spherical harmonics to degree and order 30, and the Love number k2 and its phase. By combining Enceladus’ shape measured by Cassini and the geophysical constraints obtained through the processing of the simulated radio science data, we used a Bayesian inference network for the inversion of moon’s interior models. Our results indicate that the gravity investigation would enable tight constraints on core radius and density, ocean depth and density, and ice shell rigidity and viscosity. Further information on the hydrosphere properties might be gathered through optical navigation that would support the spacecraft orbit determination, leading to accurate measurements of Enceladus’ orientation model.
DOI: 10.48577/jpl.0qfze1
title: Feasibility of Passive Sounding of Uranian Moons using Uranian Kilometric Radiation

description: We present a feasibility study for passive sounding of Uranian icy moons using Uranian Kilometric Radio (UKR) emissions in the 100 - 900 kHz band. We provide a summary de- scription of the observation geometry, the UKR characteristics, and estimate the sensitivity for an instrument analogous to the Cassini Radio Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) but with a modified receiver digitizer and signal processing chain. We show that the concept has the potential to directly and unambiguously detect cold oceans within Uranian satellites and provide strong constraints on the interior structure in the presence of warm or no oceans. As part of a geophysical payload, the concept could therefore have a key role in the detection of oceans within the Uranian satellites. The main limitation of the concept is coherence losses attributed to the extended source size of the UKR and dependence on the illumination ge- ometry. These factors represent constraints on the tour design of a future Uranus mission in terms of flyby altitudes and encounter timing.