cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fqz612jvf
title: Litter decomposition and nutrient release from monospecific and mixed litters: comparisons of litter quality, fauna and decomposition sites effects

description: Litter decomposition and nutrient release are key processes for soil C and
 nutrient cycling. However, the relative importance of the effects of
 litter quality, fauna and decomposition sites on litter decomposition
 remains poorly understood. Moreover, the macronutrient and micronutrient
 (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn) release in the decomposition process
 are even less well-known. In this study, we performed 5040 litterbag
 samplings of monospecific (Larix gmelinii, Acer mono, Quercus mongolica,
 and Juglans mandshurica) and mixed (Larix with each broad-leaved litter)
 litter treatments using litterbags with three mesh sizes (for
 different-sized fauna) in four paired stands of natural secondary forests
 compared with adjacent Larix plantations in a temperate forest ecosystem
 in China. Litter decomposition rate and macronutrient and micronutrient
 release during decomposition were assessed. We found that variation in
 litter quality had a considerably greater effect on litter decomposition
 than fauna and decomposition site. The decomposition constant was
 significantly related to the initial litter Mg concentration and lignin/P
 ratio, suggesting the importance of the Mg content and lignin/P ratio in
 controlling litter decomposition in temperate tree species. We also showed
 that macrofauna significantly increased monospecific but not mixed litter
 decomposition. In addition, the decomposition site conditions further
 influenced monospecific litter decomposition. Furthermore, the litter
 quality significantly influences N and Mn release in both monospecific and
 mixed litters. Compared with Larix litter, the average of N and Mn
 increased 33.9% and 53.8% in three broad-leaved litters, and 21.4% and
 38.0% in three mixed litters, respectively. Synthesis. Litter quality is a
 relatively more important factor than fauna and decomposition site for the
 decomposition of both monospecific and mixed litters when studied at a
 local scale in temperate forests. Moreover, litter decomposition enhanced
 in plantation sites with poor soil nutrient status, which has implications
 for C and nutrient cycling and long-term belowground forest ecosystem
 functions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnw50
title: Data from: Sustained positive consequences of genetic rescue of fitness and behavioural traits in inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster

description: One solution to alleviate the detrimental genetic effects associated with
 reductions in population size and fragmentation is to introduce immigrants
 from other populations. While the effects of this genetic rescue on
 fitness traits are fairly well known, it is less clear to what extent
 inbreeding depression and subsequent genetic rescue affects behavioural
 traits. In this study, replicated crosses between inbred lines of
 Drosophila melanogaster were performed in order to investigate the effects
 of inbreeding and genetic rescue on egg-to-adult viability and negative
 geotaxis behaviour - a locomotor response used to measure e.g. the effects
 of physiological ageing. Transgenerational effects of outcrossing were
 investigated by examining the fitness consequences in both the F1 and F4
 generation. The majority of inbred lines showed evidence for inbreeding
 depression for both egg-to-adult viability and behavioural performance
 (95% and 66% of lines, respectively), with inbreeding depression being
 more pronounced for viability compared to locomotor response. Subsequent
 outcrossing with immigrants led to an alleviation of the negative effects
 for both viability and geotaxis response resulting in inbred lines being
 similar to the outbred controls, with beneficial effects persisting from
 F1 to F4. Overall, the results clearly show that genetic rescue can
 provide transgenerational rescue of small, inbred populations by rapidly
 improving population fitness components. Thus, we show that even the
 negative effects of inbreeding on behaviour, similar to that of
 neurodegeneration associated with physiological ageing, can be reversed by
 genetic rescue.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r4xgxd2fs
title: Social information use about novel aposematic prey depends on the intensity of the observed cue

description: Animals gather social information by observing the behavior of others, but
 how the intensity of observed cues influences decision-making is rarely
 investigated. This is crucial for understanding how social information
 influences ecological and evolutionary dynamics. For example, observing a
 predator’s distaste of unpalatable prey can reduce predation by naïve
 birds, and help explain the evolution and maintenance of aposematic
 warning signals. However, previous studies have only used demonstrators
 that responded vigorously, showing intense beak-wiping after tasting prey.
 Therefore, here we conducted an experiment with blue tits (Cyanistes
 caeruleus) informed by variation in predator responses. First, we found
 that the response to unpalatable food varies greatly, with only few
 individuals performing intensive beak-wiping. We then tested how the
 intensity of beak-wiping influences observers’ foraging choices using
 video-playback of a conspecific tasting a novel conspicuous prey item.
 Observers were provided social information from: (1) no distaste response,
 (2) a weak distaste response, or (3) a strong distaste response, and were
 then allowed to forage on evolutionarily novel (artificial) prey.
 Consistent with previous studies, we found that birds consumed fewer
 aposematic prey after seeing a strong distaste response, however a weak
 response did not influence foraging choices. Our results suggest that
 while beak-wiping is a salient cue, its information content may vary with
 cue intensity. Furthermore, the number of potential demonstrators in the
 predator population might be lower than previously thought, although
 determining how this influences social transmission of avoidance in the
 wild will require uncovering the effects of intermediate cue salience.
description: The data was collected at the Konnevesi Research Station
 (University of Jyväskylä) in Central Finland from January to February
 2020. We investigated how predators use social information about prey
 unpalatability using artificial prey and wild-caught blue tits as
 predators. We first provided birds social information using video playback
 and then recorded the number of each prey type (palatable/aposematic) they
 attacked. We also analysed birds' distaste responses by measuring the
 number of beak wipes birds performed after tasting an unpalatable
 prey.
description: The first datasheet contains the data from the foraging trials,
 including birds' prey choices and individual attributes. The second
 datasheet contains the records of beak wiping behavior after birds tasted
 an unpalatable prey. In addition, we have provided an R script for the
 analyses.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n02v6wx0h
title: Case study data of the paper: A methodological guide to observe local-scale geodiversity for biodiversity research and management

description: Current global environmental change calls for comprehensive and
 complementing approaches for biodiversity conservation. According to
 recent research, consideration of the diversity of Earth’s abiotic
 features (i.e., geodiversity) could provide new insights and applications
 into the investigation and management of biodiversity. However, methods to
 map and quantify geodiversity at local scale have not been developed
 although this scale is important for conservation planning. Here, we
 introduce a field methodology for observing plot-scale geodiversity, pilot
 the method in an Arctic-alpine tundra environment, provide empirical
 evidence on the plot-scale biodiversity-geodiversity relationship and give
 guidance for practitioners on the implementation of the method. The field
 method is based on observation of geofeatures, i.e., elements of geology,
 geomorphology, and hydrology, from a given area surrounding a location of
 species observations. As a result, the method provides novel information
 on the variation of abiotic nature for biodiversity research and
 management. The method was piloted in northern Norway and Finland by
 observing geofeatures from 76 sites at three scales (5, 10 and 25 m
 radii). To explore the relationship between measures of biodiversity and
 geodiversity, the occurrence of vascular plant species was recorded from 2
 m x 2 m plots at the same sites. According to the results, vascular plant
 species richness was positively correlated with the richness of
 geofeatures (Rs = 0.18–0.59). The connection was strongest in habitats
 characterized by deciduous shrubs. The method has a high potential for
 observing geofeatures without extensive geological or geomorphological
 training or field survey experience and could be applied by conservation
 practitioners. Consideration of geodiversity in understanding, analysing
 and conserving biodiversity could facilitate environmental management and
 ensure the long-term sustainability of ecosystem functions. With the
 developed method, it is possible to cost-efficiently observe the elements
 of geodiversity that are useful in ecology and biodiversity conservation.
 Our approach can be adapted in different ecosystems and biodiversity
 investigations. The method can be adjusted depending on the abiotic
 conditions, expertise of the observer(s), and the equipment available.
description: See LOCAL_GEO_README See Hjort et al. (2022),
 A methodological guide to observe local-scale geodiversity for
 biodiversity research and management, Journal of Applied Ecology
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn8wt
title: Ericaceous dwarf shrubs contribute a significant but drought-sensitive fraction of soil respiration in a boreal pine forest

description: Boreal forests often have a dense understory of ericaceous dwarf shrubs
 with ecological adaptations that contrast those of the canopy-forming
 trees. It is therefore important to quantify contributions by understory
 shrubs to ecosystem processes and disentangle shrub- and tree-driven
 responses, and their interactions, to climatic factors. We quantified soil
 respiration driven by the pine canopy and the ericaceous shrub understory
 over three years, using a factorial pine root-exclusion and shrub-removal
 experiment in a mature Pinus sylvestris forest. Soil temperature and
 moisture-related responses of respiration attributed to autotrophic
 (shrubs, pine roots) and heterotrophs were compared. Additionally, we
 assessed effects of interactions between these functional groups on soil
 nitrogen availability and respiration. Understory shrubs accounted for 22
 ± 10% of total autotrophic respiration, reflecting the ericaceous
 proportion of fine root production in the ecosystem. Heterotrophic
 respiration constituted about half of total soil respiration. Shrub-driven
 respiration was more susceptible to drought than heterotrophic- and
 pine-driven autotrophic respiration. While the respiration attributed to
 canopy and understory remained additive, indicating no competitive
 release, the plant guilds competed for inorganic N. Ericaceous understory
 shrubs accounted for a small, yet significant, share of total growing
 season soil respiration. Overlooking understory respiration may lead to
 erroneous partitioning and modelling of soil respiration mediated by
 functional guilds with contrasting responses to soil temperature and
 moisture. A higher share of activity of both heterotrophs and pine roots,
 under drought conditions, could have important implications for soil
 organic matter accumulation and decomposition as the climate changes.
description: At the end of November 2016,
 we initiated a fully factorial, randomized-block experiment to distinguish
 respiration fluxes driven by dwarf shrubs, pine trees and free-living
 decomposer. The experiment
 included factorial combinations of pine root exclusion by trenching and
 ericaceous shrub removal. Eight replicate blocks with five treatment plots
 in each (1.2 m x 1.2 m, spaced by 5-10 m) were set up, giving a total of
 40 plots. The five treatments encompassed a control (C, representing the
 sum of all soil respiration fluxes; i.e. pine trees, dwarf shrubs and
 decomposers), shrub removal (E), pine root exclusion (T), combined pine
 root exclusion and shrub removal (TE, represented as ‘heterotrophic’
 respiration), and a disturbed control (DC) in which pine roots and hyphal
 networks were severed but allowed to re-establish in the plot from the
 edges.
DOI: 10.26165/juelich-data/xpvpnf
title: ETHOS.zoomin: A spatial disaggregation workflow tool developed within the LOCALISED project

description: Python repository, FZJ-IEK3 GitHub account
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpnn
title: Systematic review and meta-analysis: water type and temperature affect environmental DNA decay metadata

description: Environmental DNA (eDNA) has been used in a variety of ecological studies
 and management applications. The rate at which eDNA decays has been widely
 studied but at present it is difficult to disentangle study-specific
 effects from factors that universally affect eDNA degradation. To address
 this, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on aquatic eDNA
 studies. Analysis revealed eDNA decayed faster at higher temperatures and
 in marine environments (as opposed to freshwater). DNA type (mitochondrial
 or nuclear) and fragment length did not affect eDNA decay rate, although a
 preference for &lt; 200 bp sequences in the available literature means
 this relationship was not assessed with longer sequences (e.g. &gt;
 800 bp). At present, factors such as ultraviolet light, pH, and microbial
 load lacked sufficient studies to feature in the meta-analysis. Moving
 forward, we advocate researching these factors to further refine our
 understanding of eDNA decay in aquatic environments. This dryad entry
 contains the metadata which formed the basis for the meta-analysis.
description: Metadata were extracted from papers used in systematic review and
 metaanalysis. Specifically the water type, equipment used, DNA type,
 temperature, and frament length were extracted. eDNA decay constant was
 extracted from the text or if unavailable was estimated using first order
 exponential decay function using raw data or figures from the manuscript
 and supplemnetary material or data provided by the author. Yi, Sei, Vi,
 and associated p-values were calcuated using the metafor package in
 R.  Full details can be found in the associated
 manuscript. 
description: These metadata are intended to be used in meta-analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18kn
title: Data from: The Anisian (Middle Triassic) brachiopods from the southern Qilian Mountains, north-western China

description: The Anisian (Middle Triassic) witnessed the diversification of brachiopods
 after the Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) extinction. The Anisian brachiopod fauna
 from the southern Qilian Mountains in north-western China has the highest
 taxonomic diversity at the species level among coeval faunas worldwide.
 Nevertheless, many taxa from this remote region remain poorly defined and
 therefore require emendation. Here we describe 23 species (including two
 uncertain species) in 15 brachiopod genera based on well-preserved
 carbonate and silicified specimens collected from the Anisian Dajialian
 and Qieermagou formations in Tianjun, southern Qilian Mountains. Two new
 genera (Crenulatomargus, Tianjunospina) and six new species
 (Costirhynchopsis xui, Crenulatomargus terebratuliformis, Schwagerispira
 elegans, Lepismatina? inusitata, Tianjunospina junheensis, Qilianoconcha
 circularis) are erected. The diagnoses of Triasorhynchia, Yangkongia,
 Sinucostella, Aequspiriferina, Qilianoconcha, and Parantiptychia are
 emended. Besides, the genus Eoantiptychia and the family Triasorhynchiidae
 are regarded as junior synonyms of Qilianoconcha and Tetrarhynchiidae,
 respectively. Systematic description and taxonomic emendation show that 56
 species (including seven uncertain species) in 26 genera are confirmed in
 the southern Qilian brachiopod fauna. Network analysis of 14 brachiopod
 faunas worldwide shows that six groups were detected during the Anisian
 (Qingyan, southern Qilian–western Qinling, Himalaya–northern Siberia,
 central Qinghai, New Zealand, and Europe/western Tethys). Compared with
 those from the western Tethys, the eastern Tethyan faunas are less allied
 to each other. Except for the assemblage from the adjacent western Qinling
 area, other coeval faunas have much lower affinities with the Qilian
 fauna.
description: 1. Measurements of registered specimens. 2.
 Region-genus matrix used for the network analysis. 3.
 List of genera and regions of each group detected by the fast greedy
 method. 4. List of genera and regions of each group
 detected by the Louvain method.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.66t1g1k4c
title: Future changes in mangrove coastal water properties

description: This dataset contains data on future changes in sea-surface water
 properties along the global distribution of mangrove forests. This
 includes the coordinates of mangrove occurence and associated information
 on present (2000-2014) and future (2090-2100) sea-surface temperature
 (SST), sea-surface salinity (SSS), and sea-surface density (SSD, derived
 from SST and SSS, using the UNESCO EOS-80 equation of state polynomial for
 seawater - 'sw_dens.m' in MATLAB). SST and SSS fields from which
 the data were extracted, are from the Bio-ORACLE database. Additionally,
 for each of the mangrove occurence points (longitude, latitude),
 information is provided about the main mangrove biogeographical region and
 associated province as provided in the Marine Ecoregions of the World
 dataset (Spalding et al., 2007, BioScience), alowing for a spatial
 analysis of the data. More information and details about the data are
 provided in the README sheet of the Excel data file.
description: For details about the data, we refer to the README sheet that is
 provided in the Excel data file, as well as the Methods section in the
 associated manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mw6m905zv
title: Supporting information for: Lagrange-NG: The Next Generation of Lagrange

description: Computing ancestral ranges via the Dispersion Extinction and Cladogensis
 (DEC) model of biogeography is characterized by an exponential number of
 states relative to the number of regions considered. This is because the
 DEC model requires computing a large matrix exponential, which typically
 accounts for up to 80% of overall runtime. Therefore, the kinds of
 biogeographical analyses that can be conducted under the DEC model are
 limited by the number of regions under consideration. In this work, we
 present a completely redesigned efficient version of the popular tool
 Lagrange which is up to 2.5 times faster, which we call Lagrange-NG (Next
 Generation). We further reduce time-to-completion by introducing a
 multi-grained parallelization approach, achieving a total parallel speedup
 of 8.5 over Lagrange on a machine with 8 cores. In order to validate the
 correctness of Lagrange-NG, we also introduce a novel metric on range
 distributions for trees in order to assess the difference between any two
 range inferences. Finally, Lagrange-NG exhibits substantially higher
 adherence to coding quality standards. It improves a respective software
 quality indicator as implemented in the SoftWipe tool from average (5.5;
 Lagrange) to high (7.8; Lagrange-NG). Lagrange-NG is freely available
 under GPL2.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c866t1g8x
title: Data from: A multi-year dormancy strategy in a cabbage beetle population in southeastern China

description: The seasonal life cycle of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi in
 southeastern China is very complicated because there are four options for
 adult development: summer diapause, winter diapause, prolonged diapsuse,
 and nondiapause. However, detailed information on the multi-year emergence
 patterns of diapausing individuals in this beetle has not been documented.
 In this study, we monitor the adult emergence patterns of diapausing
 individuals and estimate the influence of the diapause-inducing
 temperature and photoperiod on the incidence of prolonged diapause under
 seminatural conditions for several years. The duration of diapause for
 adults collected from the vegetable fields in different years varied from
 several months to 5 years. Approximately 25.9-29.2% of individuals showed
 prolonged diapause (emergence more than 1 year after entering diapause)
 over the five years of observation. Furthermore, regardless of insect age,
 emergence always occurred in spring, between mid-February and March, and
 in autumn, between late August and mid-October, when the host plants were
 available. The influence of diapause-inducing temperatures (22, 25, and 28
 °C) combined with different photoperiods (L:D 12:12 and L:D 14:10) on
 diapause duration was tested under seminatural conditions. Pairwise
 comparisons of diapause duration performed by the log-rank test revealed
 that the low temperature of 22 °C combined with the long photoperiod of
 L:D 14:10 induced the longest diapause duration, whereas the low
 temperature of 22 °C combined with the short photoperiod of L:D 12:12
 induced the highest proportion of prolonged diapause. This study suggests
 that C. bowringi adopts a multi-year dormancy strategy to adapt to local
 environmental conditions and unpredictable risks in order to avoid local
 extinction.
description: # A multi-year dormancy strategy in a cabbage beetle population in
 southeastern China
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1g8x](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1g8x) ## Description of the data and file structure * data of Diapause termination.xlsx: The duration of diapause of *Colaphellus bowringi* induced by different diapause-inducing temperature and photoperiod under seminatural conditions in the laboratory; units are included in column headers * Termination_data_of_diapausing_adults.xls: Emerged number from the soil in 1998, 1999 and 2006.