cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18739/a2mk6588d
title: Coordination, Data Management and Enhancement of the International Arctic Buoy Programme [1979-2016]

description: This project is a renewal of the National Science Foundation (NSF) funding of the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) through the U.S. Interagency Arctic Buoy Program (USIABP). The project will coordinate data management and deployment of enhanced buoys by the USIABP. The IABP provides long-term observations from the Arctic Ocean which are essential for Arctic forecasting and research. This project supports a network of automatic data buoys to monitor synoptic-scale fields of surface air pressure, air temperature, and ice motion throughout the Arctic Ocean, an activity that was recommended by the National Academy of Sciences in 1974. University of Washington s Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) initiated the program in 1978 and became the IABP in 1991 to provide meteorological and oceanographic data for real-time operational requirements and research purposes including support to the World Climate Research Programme and the World Weather Watch Programme. The observations from the IABP have been essential for: 1.) Monitoring Arctic and global climate change; 2.) Forecasting weather and sea ice conditions; 3.) Forcing, assimilation and validation of global weather and climate models; 4.) Validation of satellite data; etc. These observations provide the longest continuing record for the Arctic, and have been one of the cornerstones for environmental forecasting and studies of climate and climate change. The IABP is composed of 20 different research and operational institutions from 9 different countries (found at: http://iabp.apl.washington.edu/Participants.htm ). The IABP is funded and managed by participants of the program. Management of the IABP is the responsibility of the Executive Committee, and operation of the program was delegated to the Coordinator of the IABP, Ignatius Rigor.
DOI: 10.18739/a2c24qp0f
title: IPY Back to the Future (BTF): Re-sampling old research sites to assess change in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function

description: Craig Tweedie of the University of Texas at El Paso will determine how key structural and functional characteristics of high latitude terrestrial ecosystems in the Arctic have changed over the past 25 or more years and predict whether such changes are likely to continue. The PI will play a leading role in the international Back to the Future project (IPY project #214). He will establish a focused international Back to the Future coordination and invormation web portal; rescue data and re-establish and re-sample four princicpal ecological study sites including the International Biological Program (IBP) site near Barrow, Alaska, the Research in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems (RATE) site near Atqasuk, Alaska, and the PhD dissertation sites of two well known and respected Arctic plant ecologists, Pat Webber (Central Baffin Island) and Terry Callaghan, Disko Island (West Greenland); and coordinate two international Back to the Future synthesis meetings. Date will be archived for open access at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Studenst will assist in re-sampling historical research sites and gain hands-on research experience under the mentorship of Webber and Callaghan as the latter re-sample sites of their own Ph.D. research approximately 40 years after they were established. The project will elucidate decadal scale ecosystem changes in multiple land cover types across the Arctic; validate and improve models of environmental change based on remote sensing; assess the impact of global change on ecosystem structure and function including arctic plant biodiversity; and improve our knowledge feedback mechanisms between land and atmospheric subsystems of the arctic. Undergratuate students, a graduate student, and a postdoctoral fellow will be trained and mentored at a leading minority serving institution. The students will be mentored by pioneering and accomplished Arctic researchers. Funding Source: Arctic System Science Program (ARCSS) Sponsor: University of Texas at El Paso, ADMIN BLDG RM 209, El Paso, TX 79968-0587 Citation: Tweedie, Craig (2013): IPY Back to the Future (BTF): Re-sampling old research sites to assess change in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function. UCAR/NCAR - CISL - ACADIS. Dataset. Updated August 12, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6XS5SD1
DOI: 10.18739/a27d2q79d
title: Collaborative Research: Seasonal Synergy between Bacterial Osmoprotection and Algal Production in Sea Ice

description: The amount of primary production attributable to sea ice algae is seasonally and quantitatively important to current arctic marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Although light and nutrients have been studied for decades as the determinants of ice-algal production, more complex synergistic effects between ice algae and other microbial residents of sea ice that may foster primary production are poorly known. Studies of sea-ice bacteria and algae, including genomic evaluations, have revealed potential links between compounds called compatible solutes (CS), commonly used by microbes to protect against osmotic shock (death by cell explosion) in high-salinity surroundings, and the availability of regenerated nitrogen within the ice. This research will test a seasonal-synergy hypothesis whereby CS precursor compounds (like choline) that are released by ice algae during fall freeze-up are taken up by bacteria in the ice, converted to CS for survival in the high-salinity brines of winter sea ice, and then metabolized for carbon, nitrogen and energy as spring temperatures warm, salinities freshen, and the need to retain CS as osmoprotectants diminishes. An important end product of this bacterial conversion of CS is ammonia, increasing the within-ice availability of nitrogen to ice algae on the verge of blooming as photosynthetically active radiation penetrates the ice. Elements of this proposed seasonal synergy between bacteria and algae encased in sea ice will be examined by a combination of field and laboratory approaches. Sea-ice brines will be collected during fall freeze-up and spring-bloom periods and tested for bacterial uptake of choline, conversion to CS, and remineralization, using radiolabeled and stable isotope-based incubations and spectroscopic methods. The latter will reveal the key bacterial phylotypes responsible for a CS-based seasonal synergy within sea ice. Measurements of temperature, salinity, pH, bacterial and viral abundances, chlorophyll pigments, and extracellular polysaccharide substances will provide environmental and biological context. Pure cultures of available and newly acquired (on CS- based media) sea-ice bacteria will be examined across temperature and salinity gradients to clarify the key processes. This award will help to launch the faculty career of a polar early career scientist and provide unique training opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students in the field, in the laboratory, at the computer, and in outreach efforts in Washington State, Alaska and Greenland. By conducting the proposed field research from the Greenland Climate Research Center in Nuuk, Greenland, this US team will foster international cooperation among scientists from the US, Greenland and Denmark, adding to the outcome and continuing pan-Arctic goals of the recently completed International Polar Year.
DOI: 10.18739/a23n20f5n
title: Collaborative Research: The NEEM Deep Ice Core

description: The North Eemian (NEEM) Deep Ice Core Project was designed to acquire a new ice core in northern Greenland. NEEM is an international effort, led by the glaciology group at the University of Copenhagen. More than a dozen countries have expressed a desire to participate. The US is a main partner in NEEM and is already providing about one-third of the logistics costs needed to collect the ice core. US scientists will take the lead on gas and gas isotope analyses and studies of the physics of gas incorporation into ice, they will place the modern climate in the context of the past two millennia, and they will help provide the basic temperature records in the ice needed to place all analyses in a climate context. A particular focus of the project will be on high temporal resolution to explore abrupt climate shifts. The most prominent analyses will focus on gas concentrations, in particular carbon monoxide, and stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, argon, krypton, and carbon. A final subproject will focus on the firnification processes in order to understand the advection and diffusion of gases through the snow and ice and the development of ice bubbles that preserve the atmospheric gases. Funding Source: Arctic Natural Sciences (ANS) Sponsor: Dartmouth College - Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Dr. Hanover, NH 03755 USA
DOI: 10.18739/a2zw18t1r
title: Glacier's effects in terrestrial sub-Arctic hydrology, 2014-2017

description: This project will develop a comprehensive assessment of the glacier-permafrost-hydrology system in light of anticipated increases in glacier wastage and permafrost degradation with climate warming. Current limited understanding of the integrated effects of glaciers and permafrost on terrestrial hydrology inhibits quantification of the impact of cryospheric changes on arctic water resources. Glaciers in permafrost landscapes feed and recharge aquifers in otherwise semi-arid lowlands, which despite relatively low precipitation rates, contain extensive wetlands. The specific objectives of this study are to 1) assess the hydrologic pathways of glacier wastage within a watershed underlain by discontinuous permafrost through hydrologic and geochemical field measurements, 2) quantify the effect of glaciers and permafrost on recent historical (1960-present) hydrologic fluxes and storage by combining glacier mass balance, hydrologic, and geochemical field measurements with an existing heat- and mass transfer model that couples glacier mass balance to downstream hydrology, and 3) project the future hydrologic regime using custom-derived downscaled climate projections (5 km) for the Tanana River basin, Alaska. The major products of the project will include a quantification of the controls that govern the hydrologic processes in glacier- and permafrost affected watersheds.
DOI: 10.18739/a2v40k07q
title: Arctic Sea Ice

description: The U.S. National Ice Center (NIC) is an inter-agency sea ice analysis and forecasting center comprised of Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Defense/U.S. Navy, and Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Coast Guard components. Since 1972, NIC has produced Arctic and Antarctic sea ice charts. This data set is an Arctic sea ice concentration climatology derived from the NIC weekly or biweekly operational ice chart time series. The charts used in the climatology are from 1972 through 2004, and the monthly climatology products are median, maximum, minimum, first quartile, and third quartile concentrations, as well as frequency of occurrence of ice at any concentration for 33 year, 10 year, and 5 year periods. These climatologies and the charts from which they are derived are provided in 25 km EASE-Grid (the NSIDC Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid/gridded binary). Ice extent can be derived from concentration by summing the number of equal area EASE-Grid cells. GIF browse files are also provided. The climatologies are also made available in a Geographical Information System (GIS) compatible format. NIC charts are produced through the analyses of available in situ, remote sensing, and model data sources. They are generated primarily for mission planning and safety of navigation. NIC charts generally show more ice than do passive microwave derived sea ice concentrations, particularly in the summer when passive microwave algorithms tend to underestimate ice concentration. The record of sea ice concentration from the NIC series is believed to be more accurate than that from passive microwave sensors, especially from the mid-1990s on (see references in the documentation), but it lacks the consistency of some passive microwave time series.
DOI: 10.18739/a2qb9v631
title: Accessing the potential of clumped isotope thermometry to constrain temperatures in the Arctic during the Pliocene

description: The specific goal of this research is to identify whether carbonate "clumped isotope" thermometry can be applied to mollusks to accurately and precisely reconstruct temperatures in the Arctic. Previous work has shown that the occurrence of multiple rare isotope substitutions in carbonate minerals, also referred to as the "clumping" of heavy isotopes into bonds with each other, is temperature dependent. This temperature proxy is also independent of the del-18O of water and the del-13C of dissolved inorganic carbon. Initial studies of biologically-precipitated calcite and aragonite by the PI and co-PI and collaborators indicate that the measurements of 13C-18O bond abundance should allow one to make a relatively assumption-free determination of the temperature at which a mineral formed. Although this new proxy looks promising, calibration of the clumped isotope thermometer at low temperatures (i.e., below 15C) is limited. Therefore the utility of this proxy for climate reconstructions in the Arctic is unclear. This project will determine the accuracy and precision of the technique when applied to biological samples grown at Arctic temperatures and, consequently, the ability of this technique to assess paleo ocean temperatures in polar regions. The instrumental record of temperature only goes back in time a few hundred years, at most. In order to understand the natural variability of temperature, either locally or globally, we require much longer records. To develop such records, we rely on proxy measurements for temperature. Use of such proxies requires assumptions and often imposes large error bars on the estimated temperature. This project will determine the usefulness of a new proxy in the polar regions. This research is an Early-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) proposal.
DOI: 10.18739/a2kk94c9n
title: Environmental change in the Arctic Ocean: a synthesis and retrospective analysis of zooplankton communities

description: Funds are provided to determine how arctic zooplankton communities have varied over interannual to decadal periods, from regional to panarctic scales. The PI states the specific hypotheses that zooplankton biomass may be increasing, due to environmental changes, and that the prevalence of the dominant copepod in deeper waters, Calanus hyperboreus, may be eroded by smaller congeneric species. He will assess the validity of this hypothesis by (1) filling the regional data gap over the Canada Basin through analysis of zooplankton samples collected or to be collected by the himself between 2002-2011; (2) assembling available zooplankton and environmental data throughout the Arctic into a single data portal for a GIS-based and spatially explicit modeling of community structures, species abundances, biomass, and distributions; and (3) rescuing precious older ?unpublished? data sets and grey literature worldwide, many of which he has already assembled or will have full access to, that will strengthen and extend his modeling efforts back more than 50 years.
DOI: 10.18739/a2ft8dk5h
title: Searching for Abrupt Climate Change Precursors Using Ultra High Resolution Ice Core Analysis

description: The project will undertake an ultra high resolution, multi-parameter investigation of past climate to develop predictors for future abrupt climate change through identification of the "tipping points" which occur prior to an abrupt climate change events. Ultra-high resolution (up to 4 micron) ice core records will be produced -- well beyond the ~1cm resolution currently available -- using continuous flow injection into both a Thermo Element 2 ICP-MS and a Picarro Inc. L-2130-I H2O isotope analyzer sampled using a newly developed state-of-the-art cryocell chamber integrated with digital image recording and annotating software. The PI will look for precursors that reveal evidence of changes in, for example, the timing and magnitude of temperature, precipitation and atmospheric circulation from multi-decadal down to hundreds of sampling levels per year. The project will train students to be well versed in advanced laboratory and numerical modeling methods. Students will learn data reduction and visualization algorithms while also helping to provide a data stream that has broad applicability to climate. Cyberinfrastructure developed under NSF funding to the Climate Change Institute will be used to store, process, and visualize this high volume of ice core data while also making the information available to the public with high transparency for climate change use and attribution.
DOI: 10.18739/a2b56d53x
title: Collaborative Research: A winter expedition to explore the biological and physical conditions of the Bering, Chukchi, and Southern Beaufort Seas

description: This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Funds are provided to collect baseline winter information on the overwintering physical and biological characteristics of three important Arctic Seas: The Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Beaufort Sea. Understanding of seasonality, and particularly winter conditions, in the Arctic is severely limited because of difficulties in accessing these regions during winter and because of limitations to sensor technology that can be deployed on overwintering moorings and ice-tethered profilers/buoys. In particular, understanding of the overwintering strategies of one of the dominant copepod genera, Calanus spp., is not well understood but is critical to ecosystem modeling efforts. This lack of knowledge has compromised our ability to model and to predict Arctic ecosystems, knowledge that is critical to our efforts to understand the potential impacts of ongoing climate change. A 6-week cruise to the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas was conducted during November and December 2011 during which physical (hydrography, circulation), chemical (nutrients), and biological (zooplankton, microzooplankton, chlorophyll) sampling was done to describe the hydrography, circulation and aspects of the planktonic and nutrient environments, identify the overwintering habitat of Calanus spp., determine the condition and activity of Calanus spp. and euphausiids, describe the interconnectedness between species/populations of Calanus and euphausiids in these regions, identify the transformations of Pacific Water on the Chukchi Shelf, describe off-shelf flow of Pacific Water into the Arctic Ocean and the circulation and hydrography of Barrow Canyon, and quantify the course- and fine-scale vertical distributions of plankton and particles in relation to the vertical structure of the water column.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.akwu4w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "TaxonKey is one of (Nemosenecio yunnanensis B.Nord.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0027799-241107131044228/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.18739/a26d5pb95
title: Collaborative Research: Development of an Ice-Tethered Winch for the Seasonal Ice Zone

description: To help fill the data gap that exists in oceanic observations over the Arctic shelf, we have developed a new autonomous profiler, the Ice-Tethered Winch (ITW). The ice-tethered winch (ITW) combines the design of two established technologies, the Ice-Tethered Profiler (ITP) and Arctic Winch. Merging these technologies allows for expansion upon their individual capabilities by creating a new instrument that can both telemeter subsurface data from beneath the ice and profile the water column over variable depths. The ITW provides relatively high resolution (four profiles daily with sub-meter vertical resolution) time series of water-column physical and optical properties, including temperature, salinity, pressure, turbidity, and chlorophyll. The ITW can transition between an Eulerian platform when tethered to landfast ice and a semi-Lagrangian drifter when in open water. More information about the project and full data records can be found through the ITW and ITP websites, respectively (see related links).
DOI: 10.18739/a2xw47x1h
title: Studies of the Production of Molecular Halogens in Arctic Snowpacks and on Sea Ice Surfaces

description: This project would involve field experiments at Barrow, AK, aimed at improving understanding of the oxidation of the sea salt halides, chloride and bromide, into the molecular halogens, clorine-Cl2, bromine monochloride-BrCl, and dibromine-Br2. In the Arctic at spring time there is a dramatic phenomenon characterized by the complete loss of ozone from the lowest layer of the atmosphere, along with near-complete loss of atmospheric elemental mercury. The elemental mercury is oxidized to short-lived products that then deposit to the surface, where it can enter and damage sensitive ecosystems. These ozone depletion episodes (ODEs) and mercury depletion episodes (MDEs) are known to occur as a result of halogen atom chemistry. However, the details of the halogen reactions that lead to the ODEs and MDEs are still unknown, limiting the ability to develop models that describe these processes, and how they might change in the future. It is thought that the processes that release molecular halogens are related to the presence of seasonal, or first-year (relatively thin and relatively saline), sea ice. The Arctic is currently experiencing a rapid decrease in the extent of multi-year sea ice, with associated increases in the extent of first-year sea ice. Thus the investigator hypothesizes that this halogen chemistry, and the associated potential impacts on atmospheric composition and deposition of mercury, will increase to the extent that the current trend in sea ice loss continues. To improve understanding of the fundamental processes associated with the production of molecular halogens in the Arctic, the investigator proposes an experiment involving exposures of natural snow samples and excised sea-ice samples in a snow chamber to potentially important atmospheric oxidants and measurement of the product molecular halogens. The investigator would also simultaneously conduct measurements of the concentrations of these compounds within the natural snowpack. He would then construct a detailed photochemical model of the chemistry involved with ODEs and MDEs, that could then be incorporated into larger scale Earth System climate and chemistry models to help enable reliable simulations of the future state of the Arctic atmosphere. The project would support a postdoctoral researcher and a graduate student. Numerous outreach activities would be supported through the Purdue Climate Change Research Center, interactions with the local community in Barrow, visits to schools, and through collaboration with adventure and children's book writer Peter Lourie on the web site arcticstories.net.